Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social context, family process, and Turkish boys’ pathway to incarceration: an application of the age-graded theory of informal social control

ABSTRACT Although the juvenile delinquency problem in Turkey has become increasingly visible in the last decade, existing research on Turkish youth convicted of delinquency is still in its early stages. The purpose of this study was to apply the age-graded theory of informal social control that was developed by Sampson and Laub to the Turkish context, and to explore the role of family processes that lead young men to prison. Data are from in-depth interviews with 30 convicted juveniles in a juvenile prison. Data analysis highlighted the negative effects of specific family processes such as youth’s lack of attachment to their parents, which may result from harsh or erratic methods of discipline, and low levels of parental monitoring. The findings suggest that it is essential to implement family-oriented interventions to prevent and control serious delinquency.
A framework for soft hashing and its application to robust image hashing

Soft hashing, also known as robust hashing or perceptual hashing, consists of summarising multimedia data, so as to obtain a concise representation called a hash value. There has been an increasing interest in the soft hashing problem recently. Techniques implementing soft hashing intend to mirror the behaviour of cryptographic hashing, when the information to be hashed can be subject to different kinds of distortion. Many heuristic techniques for undertaking soft hashing of images and other multimedia data have been devised. Except for some attempts, a framework giving solid guidelines to solve the problem is largely lacking. We provide one possible approach to undertake the modelling of robust soft hashing, detailing the basic problems involved. We show how some prior schemes partly fit into our model.
Knowledge Engineering for Very Large Decision-analytic Medical Models

Page 1 of 5 Knowledge Engineering for Very Large Decision-analytic Medical Models Marek J. Druzdzel, Ph.D., Agnieszka Onisko, M.S., Daniel Schwartz, M.D., John N. Dowling, M.D. and Hanna Wasyluk, M.D., Ph.D. 1 Decision Systems Laboratory, School of Information Sciences, Intelligent Systems Program, and Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA, marek@sis.pitt.edu, aonisko@sis.pitt.edu, pathdan@cbmi.upmc. edu, dowling+@pitt.edu 2 Institute of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, 15-351, Poland, aonisko@ii.pb. bialystok.pl 3 Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, 01-813, Marymoncka 99, Poland, hwasyluk@cmkp.edu. pl
μ-Opioid receptor desensitization: homologous or heterologous?

There is considerable controversy over whether μ‐opioid receptor (MOPr) desensitization is homologous or heterologous and over the mechanisms underlying such desensitization. In different cell types MOPr desensitization has been reported to involve receptor phosphorylation by various kinases, including G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), second messenger and other kinases as well as perturbation of the MOPr effector pathway by GRK sequestration of G protein βγ subunits or ion channel modulation. Here we report that in brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) neurons prepared from relatively mature rats (5–8 weeks old) rapid MOPr desensitization induced by the high‐efficacy opioid peptides methionine enkephalin and DAMGO was homologous and not heterologous to α2‐adrenoceptors and somatostatin SST2 receptors. Given that these receptors all couple through G proteins to the same set of G‐protein inwardly rectifying (GIRK) channels it is unlikely therefore that in mature neurons MOPr desensitization involves G protein βγ subunit sequestration or ion channel modulation. In contrast, in slices from immature animals (less than postnatal day 20), MOPr desensitization was observed to be heterologous and could be downstream of the receptor. Heterologous MOPr desensitization was not dependent on protein kinase C or c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase activity, but the change from heterologous to homologous desensitization with age was correlated with a decrease in the expression levels of GRK2 in the LC and other brain regions. The observation that the mechanisms underlying MOPr desensitization change with neuronal development is important when extrapolating to the mature brain results obtained from experiments on expression systems, cell lines and immature neuronal preparations.
Finding a Box Representation for a Graph in O(n2Δ2lnn) Time

An axis-parallel box in b-dimensional space is a Cartesian product R<sub>1</sub>×R<sub>2</sub>×. ×R<sub>b</sub> where R<sub>i</sub> (for 1⩽i⩽b) is a closed interval of the form [a<sub>i</sub>, b<sub>i</sub>] on the real line. For a graph G, its boxicity is the minimum dimension b, such that G is representable as the intersection graph of (axis-parallel) boxes in b-dimensional space. The concept of boxicity finds application in various areas of research like ecology, operation research etc. Chandran, Francis and Sivadasan gave an O(Δn<sup>2</sup>ln<sup>2</sup>n) randomized algorithm to construct a box representation for any graph G on n vertices in [(Δ+2)lnn] dimensions, where ¿ is the maximum degree of the graph. They also came up with a deterministic algorithm that runs in O(n<sup>4</sup>Δ) time. Here, we present an O(n<sup>2</sup>Δ<sup>2</sup>lnn) deterministic algorithm that constructs the box representation for any graph in [(Δ+2)lnn] dimensions.
OCR Correction Using Historical Relationships from Verified Text in Biomedical Citations

The Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications has developed a system that incorporates OCR and automated recognition and reformatting algorithms to extract bibliographic citation data from scanned biomedical journal articles to populate the NLM’s MEDLINE ® database. The multi-engine OCR server incorporated in the system performs well in general, but fares less well with text printed in the small or italic fonts often used to print institutional affiliations. Because of poor OCR and other reasons, the resulting affiliation field frequently requires a disproportionate amount of time to manually correct and verify. In contrast, author names are usually printed in large, normal fonts that are correctly recognized by the OCR system. We describe techniques to exploit the more successful OCR conversion of author names to help find the correct affiliations from MEDLINE data.
On the Optical Light Curves of Afterglows from Jetted Gamma-ray Burst Ejecta: Effects of Parameters

Due to some refinements in the dynamics, we can follow the overall evolution of a realistic jet numerically till its bulk velocity being as small asc � 10 3 c. We find no obvious break in the optical light curve during the relativistic phase itself. However, an obvious break does exist at the transition from the relativistic phase to the non- relativistic phase, which typically occurs at time t � 10 6 — 10 6.5 s (i.e., 10 — 30 d). The break is affected by many parameters, such as the electron energy fractione, the magnetic energy fraction � 2 B , the initial half opening angle �0, and the medium number density n. Increase of any of them to a large enough value will make the break disappear. Although the break itself is parameter-dependent, afterglows from jetted GRB remnants are uniformly characterized by a quick decay during the non- relativistic phase, with power law timing index � � 2.1. This is quite different from that of isotropic fireballs, and may be of fundamental importance for determining the degree of beaming in -ray bursts observationally.
Chorus for Community Integration and Recovery for Men with Psychiatric Disabilities in a Supportive Housing Community

ABSTRACT This study reports the findings from a mixed-methods evaluation of the effectiveness of a choral program for 34 homeless men with substance abuse and mental illnesses. The evaluation focused on the chorus experience as one way to promote community integration and recovery. Fifteen residents (44.1%) were chorus members (CMs), and their responses were compared with those of 19 nonmembers (NCMs). When examining the quantitative data only, significant differences were not found between CMs and NCMs. However, narrative data and participant observation revealed that the choral program may have helped CMs improve their subjective experience of community integration by enhancing psychosocial components.
Achieving Energy Efficiency and QoS for Low-Rate Applications with 802.11e

This paper analyses the energy efficiency and QoS performance of 802.11e as a connectivity solution for low-rate applications, such as wireless automation and monitoring. The authors consider non-interference and co-existence scenarios and show through modeling and simulations that the power save operation mode and the EDCA QoS mechanisms in the 802.11e standard can be exploited to achieve the power consumption requirements of low-rate applications. The authors also provide a comparison of the energy efficiency between 802.11e and 802.15. 4 under varying interference and traffic conditions. Our results suggest that in some specific scenarios, 802.11e can achieve higher energy efficiency and QoS than 802.15. 4.
Linear One-to-Many (OTM) system

We report on progress on the "One-To-Many" (OTM) concept that allows a single electric motor to store energy in the form of elastic potential energy to drive multiple (e.g. hundred) motor units or independently controlled mechanical degrees of freedom. Critical to this concept is the OTM architecture which utilizes light weight, high-speed, energy efficient, robust, and cost-effective clutches that provide positional feedback. Here, we address linear springs as elastic mediums for energy storage and bi-stable solenoid based clutches that require minimal energy to transition between states. We analyze the power transfer of the system, discuss current and future designs and suggest avenues for potential applications of this practical technology.
A spatial analysis approach for describing spatial pattern of urban traffic state

To urban transportation management, it is valuable to obtain the whole road network traffic state, while most existing traffic analysis methods pay little attention to this problem. This paper proposes a method to analyze spatial pattern of road network traffic state, which describes traffic characteristic from network level. Above all, we treat traffic data as road link's attribution and establish a spatial model to describe road network traffic data from spatial perspective. Then using real travel speed data extracted from long-term floating car data, we analyze spatial dependency of traffic state based on spatial autocorrelation method, which shows that urban road network traffic state exist association in space, and this method can quantify the influence degree of road link, which is useful to micro-view traffic management; using trend surface analysis method, we analyze spatial heterogeneity of urban traffic state, which qualitatively shows that urban traffic state is unstable in space and is related to land use. Further, divergence tendency analysis shows that urban traffic state is influenced by road network structure, and it can also quantitatively analyze the influence range, which is useful to detailedly discover hot spot in urban traffic, such as traffic congestion. This study shows that it is a feasible approach to use spatial analysis method to study the overall characteristics of urban traffic system, which is of benefit to both dynamic traffic control and long-term traffic planning.
Criticality-Aware Dynamic Task Scheduling for Heterogeneous Architectures

Current and future parallel programming models need to be portable and efficient when moving to heterogeneous multi-core systems. OmpSs is a task-based programming model with dependency tracking and dynamic scheduling. This paper describes the OmpSs approach on scheduling dependent tasks onto the asymmetric cores of a heterogeneous system. The proposed scheduling policy improves performance by prioritizing the newly-created tasks at runtime, detecting the longest path of the dynamic task dependency graph, and assigning critical tasks to fast cores. While previous works use profiling information and are static, this dynamic scheduling approach uses information that is discoverable at runtime which makes it implementable and functional without the need of an oracle or profiling. The evaluation results show that our proposal outperforms a dynamic implementation of Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time by up to 1.15x, and the default breadth-first OmpSs scheduler by up to 1.3x in an 8-core heterogeneous platform and up to 2.7x in a simulated 128-core chip.
A localization-error-based method for microphone-array design

This paper presents a means for predicting the error region associated with a speech-source location estimate obtained from a set of microphones in a room environment. The error predictor presented is derived assuming a specific source-sensor geometry consisting of pairs of closely-spaced sensors for which a delay estimate associated with the potential source has been evaluated. The accuracy of the predictor is evaluated through a set of Monte Carlo simulations and an application of the predictor to microphone-array design in the context of a video-teleconferencing scenario is presented.
File replication management by using access growth trend

In recent years, remarkable advances have been made in Internet technology. People obtain information not only from the newspaper and the television but also from Internet. Therefore, many data files are stored in repositories on the network. Lots of network storage providers make use of the distributed file system to manage data files with a stable service. The problem about the overload of one file server still exists in the distributed file system. Hence, the file replication strategy is adopted to lighten the load of the file server and to balance the load of the whole system. In this paper, we shall observe each file access growth trend. The system creates and stores file replicas in some suitable repositories according to the growth trend. If a file server crashes, the user will find the requested file by the file replication strategy. Through the strategy, the replicas will be stored in suitable repositories, and users almost can access needed files in local servers to decrease the file transmission delay.
Noncoherent Communication In Space And Time

Signal and code design for noncoherent communication is in a relatively primitive state compared to the sophisticated design of coherent communication systems. A major reason for this gap is that, while signal space concepts provide a systematic tool for design and performance evaluation of coherent communication systems, analogous notions were not available for noncoherent systems. In this paper, using the geometric insight obtained by interpreting non-coherent detection as a Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT), we are able to provide a systematic design criterion for noncoherent systems in terms of the distances of signal points from the decision boundaries. One result based on this framework is the extension of the notion of diierential encoding from PSK to more eecient QAM constellations. Another application is in noncoherent multiple antennae systems. Previously, noncoherent space-time codes were obtained by searching over a space of large dimension , which made it diicult to obtain high rate codes. However, diierential encoding can be extended to systems with multiple antennae for systematic construction of non-coherent space-time codes with high rates.
Derivation of conventional crystallographic descriptions of new phases from results of ab initio inorganic structure modelling

The results of ab initio inorganic structure modelling are often in the form of Cartesian coordinates of atoms in a large, periodical and in general oblique simulation box containing hundreds to thousands of atoms. The contents of that box may correspond to a single-crystal, a twin, a mixture of phases or a disordered block of matter. The problem of extracting corresponding crystallographic descriptions for single-crystal regions in the box, a necessary step in view of full quantum calculations and publication, is different from the familiar problem of extracting crystal symmetry and structure from experimental diffracted intensity data. The deductive computer-aided method developed at the National Research Council of Canada over the years is based on eye identification of three pairs of atoms related by conjugate translations in the same single-crystal region on a stereo plot, followed by derivation of fractional coordinates for the atomic content of the corresponding primitive cell. Running this data through the MISSYM program discloses potential symmetry elements of the structure, with their corresponding crystallographic directions. These elements are then critically examined and accepted either as symmetry or pseudosymmetry on the basis of comparison of coordinate deviations between related atoms with the expected magnitude of thermal motion. All calculations described here can be performed with the NRCVAX system of programs.
E-mail in Semantic Task Management

Email management applications are among themostly used tools for collaboration in enterprises. They areoften overused and simultaneously criticised for lacking meansto prevent cognitive overload of the users and off-target value ofthe deployed software. Apparently, their value proposition doesnot cover the user needs for the management of personal communication,information and collaboration appropriately. Recently,several approaches towards Semantic Email handling have beenproposed to ensure more efficient use of contextual information.Rather novel Semantic Task Management approaches have beenconsidered to support break down of the personal workload interms of information, communication and context management.In this paper, we propose to combine the strengths of semanticweb technologies, email technology and task management. Webase our research upon results obtained in the EU projectsNepomuk and Ecospace, and describe the synergies that resultfrom the introduced combination. To illustrate the idea ofintegrating task management and email by means of semantictechnologies, we refer to a prototype that we have developedwithin the framework of the Nepomuk project.We also conductedcase study interviews that underline the expected benefits ofcombining the three technologies.
The Significations of Representing Dialect in Writing

This article reviews some of the constraints and implications involved in the reporting of speech in fiction and elsewhere, paying particular attention to some of the issues that attend the representation of dialect. A number of cases are discussed, but a specific focus is the apparent absence of rendering of urban black South African speech in the fiction of the pre-eminent contemporary white South African writers, J.M. Coetzee and N. Gordimer. This absence of ‘giving voice’ is interpreted as an avoidance strategy, seemingly necessary but certainly troubled, given the charged socio-political context, in which for these authors to represent the voices of those individuals could too easily be construed as appropriation. In this case; as in others discussed, questions of power, distance versus affinity, and rights of free expression and of silence are involved.
Compressive Sensing based Single-Pixel Hyperspectral Camera

In this report, we propose a novel compressive hyperspectral(HS) imaging approach which extends the singlepixel camera structure to be applicable for acquiring hyperspectral data. We build a hardware prototupe using modified DLP based spatial light modulator, OceanOptics USB4000-VIS-NIR spectrometer and Lumencor fiber coupled light engine. We also design an ADMM based reconstruction algorithm and show successful recovery of HS images on both synthetic and real-captured data. In addition, we simulate the HS image reconstruction using spectrometer measurements plus RGB image which gives a more accurate and edge-preserved result under same measurement rate.
A high-order cell-centered finite volume scheme for simulating three dimensional anisotropic diffusion equations on unstructured grids

We present a finite volume based cell-centered method for solving diffusion equations on three-dimensional unstructured grids with general tensor conduction. Our main motivation concerns the numerical simulation of the coupling between fluid flows and heat transfers. The corresponding numerical scheme is characterized by cell-centered unknowns and a local stencil. Namely, the scheme results in a global sparse diffusion matrix, which couples only the cell-centered unknowns. The space discretization relies on the partition of polyhedral cells into sub-cells and on the partition of cell faces into sub-faces. It is characterized by the introduction of sub-face normal fluxes and sub-face temperatures, which are auxiliary unknowns. A sub-cell-based variational formulation of the constitutive Fourier law allows to construct an explicit approximation of the sub-face normal heat fluxes in terms of the cell-centered temperature and the adjacent sub-face temperatures. The elimination of the sub-face temperatures with respect to the cell-centered temperatures is achieved locally at each node by solving a small and sparse linear system. This system is obtained by enforcing the continuity condition of the normal heat flux accross each sub-cell interface impinging at the node under consideration. The parallel implementation of the numerical algorithm and its efficiency are described and analyzed. The accuracy and the robustness of the proposed finite volume method are assessed by means of various numerical test cases.
Resource Allocation Using Virtual Clusters

We propose a novel approach for sharing cluster resources among competing jobs. The key advantage of our approach over current solutions is that it increases cluster utilization while optimizing a user-centric metric that captures both notions of performance and fairness. We motivate and formalize the corresponding resource allocation problem, determine its complexity, and propose several algorithms to solve it in the case of a static workload that consists of sequential jobs. Via extensive simulation experiments we identify an algorithm that runs quickly, that is always on par with or better than its competitors, and that produces resource allocations that are close to optimal. We find that the extension of our approach to parallel jobs leads to similarly good results. Finally, we explain how to extend our work to dynamicworkloads.
Video Interaction Tools

Digital video enables manifold ways of multimedia content interaction. Over the last decade, many proposals for improving and enhancing video content interaction were published. More recent work particularly leverages on highly capable devices such as smartphones and tablets that embrace novel interaction paradigms, for example, touch, gesture-based or physical content interaction. In this article, we survey literature at the intersection of Human-Computer Interaction and Multimedia. We integrate literature from video browsing and navigation, direct video manipulation, video content visualization, as well as interactive video summarization and interactive video retrieval. We classify the reviewed works by the underlying interaction method and discuss the achieved improvements so far. We also depict a set of open problems that the video interaction community should address in future.