Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The study of conversion between the pupil diameter measured by eye tracker and the real value

The pupil diameter is one of the main indices in eye movement research. Quantitative analysis of pupil diameter can provide the possibility for in-depth study based on eye research. The aim of this article is description and validation of a method for conversion between the pupil diameter measured by eye tracker and the real value, black-round piece method. Firstly, the diameter value of black-round piece made by ourselves was measured by eye tracker and vernier caliper. After getting the value ratio of the eye movement measurement and caliper measurement, it can be used for calculating real pupil diameter by measurement value by eye tracker. In the article, the camera photography method was adopted to measuring real pupil diameter for validation the black - round piece method. Experimental results showed that all the error percent of pupil diameter from the black - round piece method and camera photography method are less than 5%, verified the availability of using black-round piece method on conversion between the measured value by eye tracker with optical recording and the real pupil diameter value.
A Method to Discover Truth with Two Source Quality Metrics

In many web integration applications, there are usually some sources that depict the same entity object with different descriptions, which leads to lots of conflicts. Resolving conflicts and finding the truth can be used to improve the quality of integration or to build a high-quality knowledge base, etc. In the single-truth data conflicting scenario, existing methods have limitations to distinguish false negative, also named as data missing, and false positive. So their source quality measurements are inadequate. Therefore, in this paper, we use recall and false positive rate to measure source quality and present a method to discover truth. The experimental results on three real-word data sets show that the proposed algorithm can effectively distinguish the data missing and false positive and improve the precision of truth discovery.
Modeling for user interaction by influence transfer effect in online social networks

User interaction is one of the most important features of online social networks, and is the basis of research of user behavior analysis, information spreading model, etc. However, existing approaches focus on the interactions between adjacent nodes, which do not fully take the interactions and relationship between local region users into consideration as well as the details of interaction process. In this paper, we find that there exists influence transfer effect in the process of user interactions, and present a regional user interaction model to analyze and understand interactions between users in a local region by influence transfer effect. Based on real data from Sina Weibo, we validate the effectiveness of our model by the experiments of user type classification, influential user identification and zombie user identification in online social networks. The experimental results show that our model present better performance than the PageRank based method and machine learning method.
Quality-Based Similarity Search for Biological Sequence Databases

Low-Complexity Regions (LCRs) of biological sequences are the main source of false positives in similarity searches for biological sequence databases. We consider the problem of finding similar sequences when the locations of the LCRs are not known precisely. We develop a formulation to measure the quality of each letter in a sequence. The quality value of a letter is the probability for that letter to be in a non-LCR. We show that the quality values can be employed in two fundamental approaches to the sequence search problem to reduce the number of false positives produced by them significantly. The former finds the optimal alignment of two sequences using dynamic programming. The latter computes a suboptimal alignment using hash table. For the latter one, we also develop a randomized memory-resident hash table that indexes k-grams (sequences of length k) probabilistically. The kgrams that are likely to contain LCRs are indexed with lower probabilities. As a result, memory usage and CPU cost are greatly reduced. We also show that this hash table can be used to reconstruct query sequences with negligible information loss. This eliminates the need to store these sequences. Our experiments on real data show that our quality-based similarity search algorithms reduce the number of false positives drastically. In addition, their running times were better than the existing strategies.
Wireless Information and Power Transfer in Multiuser OFDM Systems

In this paper, we study the optimal design for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in downlink multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, where the users harvest energy and decode information using the same signals received from a fixed access point (AP). For information transmission, we consider two types of multiple access schemes, namely, time division multiple access (TDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). At the receiver side, due to the practical limitation that circuits for harvesting energy from radio signals are not yet able to decode the carried information directly, each user applies either time switching (TS) or power splitting (PS) to coordinate the energy harvesting (EH) and information decoding (ID) processes. For the TDMA-based information transmission, we employ TS at the receivers; for the OFDMA-based information transmission, we employ PS at the receivers. Under the above two scenarios, we address the problem of maximizing the weighted sum-rate over all users by varying the time/frequency power allocation and either TS or PS ratio, subject to a minimum harvested energy constraint on each user as well as a peak and/or total transmission power constraint. For the TS scheme, by an appropriate variable transformation the problem is reformulated as a convex problem, for which the optimal power allocation and TS ratio are obtained by the Lagrange duality method. For the PS scheme, we propose an iterative algorithm to optimize the power allocation, subcarrier (SC) allocation and the PS ratio for each user. The performances of the two schemes are compared numerically as well as analytically for the special case of single-user setup. It is revealed that the peak power constraint imposed on each OFDM SC as well as the number of users in the system play key roles in the rate-energy performance comparison by the two proposed schemes.
Dynamic Transcription for Low-Latency Speech Translation

Latency is one of the main challenges in the task of simultaneous spoken language translation. While significant improvements in recent years have led to high quality automatic translations, their usefulness in real-time settings is still severely limited due to the large delay between the input speech and the delivered translation. In this paper, we present a novel scheme which reduces the latency of a large scale speech translation system drastically. Within this scheme, the transcribed text and its translation can be updated when more context is available, even after they are presented to the user. Thereby, this scheme allows us to display an initial transcript and its translation to the user with a very low latency. If necessary, both transcript and translation can later be updated to better, more accurate versions until eventually the final versions are displayed. Using this framework, we are able to reduce the latency of the source language transcript into half. For the translation, an average delay of 3.3s was achieved, which is more than twice as fast as our initial system.
The Validity and Reliability of a School-Based Physical Activity Opportunities Survey

This article outlines the development of a physical activity opportunities survey intended to assess perceptions of school staff and parents relative to factors associated with school-based physical activity opportunities. A secondary aim was to construct a valid and reliable tool that would be relevant across Canadian school contexts. Survey validity was determined through completion of the online survey by parents, teachers, and administrators from elementary, middle, and secondary schools. Several participants agreed to take the survey a second time for reliability purposes. Results indicated the best-fit model to be 19 items constrained by three factors: school policies and practices, school artifacts, and parent involvement in physical activity promotion. Test-retest analysis revealed strong reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .783, p < .05). Therefore, the survey is a viable aid towards identifying factors in school environments that contribute to or impede the offering of school-based physical activity opportunities. Cet article decrit l’elaboraton d’un sondage sur les facteurs associes aux occasions de pratique d’activite physique en milieu scolaire, a partir de la perception du personnel et des parents. Un objectif secondaire consistait a produire un outil valide et fiable qui pourrait servir a toutes les ecoles canadiennes. Pour etablir la validite du sondage, des enseignants, des administrateurs scolaires et des parents d’ecoles elementaires, intermediaires et secondaires ont rempli un un sondage en ligne. Plusieurs ont accepte de participer une deuxieme fois au sondage pour verifier la fiabilite. Les resultats revelent que le modele de sondage le plus pertinent comporte 19 elements constitutifs de trois facteurs : les politiques et pratiques de l’ecole, les artefacts de l’ecole et la participation des parents a la promotion de l’activite physique. L’analyse du sondage et du sondage secondaire indique que le degre de fiabilite est eleve (coefficient de correlation interclasses = ,783, p < ,05). Le sondage constitue un outil viable pour cerner les facteurs qui contribuent positivement ou negativement a la creation d’occasions de pratique d’activite physique dans un contexte scolaire.
iVAS : Web-based Video Annotation System and its Applications

We present a Web-based video annotation system named iVAS (intelligent Video Annotation Server) that allows users to associate Internet video content with annotations. The system analyzes video content to acquire cut/shot information and color histograms. Then it automatically generates a Web document that allows the users to edit the annotations. We also present two application systems based on annotations: video retrieval and video simplification. An automatic evaluation method of annotation reliability is also implemented.
Exploring children’s ideas about natural phenomena in kindergarten classes: designing and evaluating "eliciting activities"

Young children’s ideas about a number of science topics have been steadily studied in recent years and the respective research findings have considerably supported the development of early childhood science education so far. However, according to the sociocultural perspective on young children’s ideas in science, children adopt a variety of theories, since they are based on their everyday cultural experiences, which makes classification quite difficult. It is therefore suggested that any teaching intervention should take seriously into account the ideas of the children it addresses. But such thing presupposes that the teacher’s educational design involves ‘eliciting processes’ of his/her students’ ideas. The present study aims to investigate methodological issues on the implementation in Kindergarten classes of such processes concerning natural phenomena, as an essential stage of designing the respective teaching interventions. Particular emphasis is put on the “educational context” of these processes, while at the same time the function of the different kinds of activities exploring the ideas of Kindergarten children about the Earth’s shape and the day/night cycle is studied with a view to formulating concrete proposals on learning and teaching in early childhood science classes.
Co-channel co-existence study of outdoor macrocell and indoor femtocell users

Femtocell concept is gaining popularity as a promising way to improve resource reuse and thereby system capacity. This paper addresses a co-existence scenario where outdoor macrocell users and indoor femtocell users are located in close proximity. Impact of macro- and femtocells originated co-channel interference to the desired femto- and macrocell uplink is evaluated by means of outage probability and achievable throughput, varying key system parameters. The numerical results show that the desired femtolink is robust against interference. It is interfered almost equally by other femtocells and by the macrocell whereas the desired macrolink is mainly constrained by interference from other macrocell links.
Customer Integration in New Product Development - a literature Review Concerning the Appropriateness of Different Customer Integration Methods to attain Customer Knowledge

In many instances, customers are seen as one of the key resources for new product development (NPD), as they often have deep product knowledge as well as experience and creativity potential gained by regular product usage. From knowledge management perspective, customers’ input to NPD is manifested in different forms of knowledge. Customers’ input to NPD typically reflects their needs and desires (need information) but may also represent suggestions describing how ideas can be transferred into marketable products (solution information), in some cases it even leads to radical innovations (leading edge information). In order to internalize customer knowledge, in theory different methods are discussed. However, little is known about these methods’ effectiveness and efficiency to transmit customers’ knowledge to firms. This research identifies a total of 15 methods with the help of a systematic literature review. By systematically analyzing these methods, we found that there are methods within which customers are involved only “passively” in NPD, as well as methods that enable a more “active” customer integration. This study exhibits that the methods which enable an active customer integration, compared to methods where customers are integrated only passively in NPD, are more suitable for attaining customer knowledge within innovation development.
On Becoming a Person: A Therapist's View of Psychotherapy

In this book one of America's most distinguished psychologists describes his experiences in helping people to discover the path to personal growth through an understanding of their own limitations and potential. What is personal growth? Under what conditions is it possible? How can one person help another? What is creativity, and how can it be fostered? These are some of the issues raised, which challenge many concepts of traditional psychology. Contemporary psychology derives largely from the experimental laboratory, or from Freudian theory. It is preoccupied with minute aspects of animal and human behaviour, or with the mentally ill. But there are rebels, of whom the author counts himself as one, along with Gordon Allport, Abraham Maslow and Rollo May, who feel that psychology and psychiatry should be aiming higher, and be more concerned with growth and potentiality in man. The interest of such a psychology is in the production of harmoniously mature individuals, given that we all have qualities and possibilities infinitely capable of development. Successful development makes us more flexible in relationships, more creative, and less open to suggestion and control. This book, philosophical and provocative, summarizes Dr Rogers' experience.Non-technical in its language, it is not only for psychologists and psychiatrists, but for teachers and counsellors, religious and social workers, labour-management specialists and anyone interested in 'becoming'.
On the Design of Matched Filters for Molecule Counting Receivers

In this letter, we design matched filters for diffusive molecular communication systems taking into account the following impairments: signal-dependent diffusion noise, inter-symbol interference (ISI), and external interfering molecules. The receiver counts the number of observed molecules several times within one symbol interval and employs linear filtering to detect the transmitted data. We derive the optimal matched filter by maximizing the expected signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the decision variable. Moreover, we show that for the special case of an ISI-free channel, the matched filter reduces to a simple sum detector and a correlator for the channel impulse response for the diffusion noise-limited and (external) interference-limited regimes, respectively. Our simulation results reveal that the proposed matched filter considerably outperforms the benchmark schemes available in literature, especially when ISI is severe.
Upper Tract Juvenile Polyps in Juvenile Polyposis Patients: Dysplasia and Malignancy Are Associated With Foveolar, Intestinal, and Pyloric Differentiation

Patients with juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS), a hereditary autosomal dominant hamartomatous polyposis syndrome, are at increased risk for colorectal adenocarcinoma. The upper gastrointestinal tract is less often involved by JPS than the colorectum, and, consequently, upper tract juvenile polyps (JPs) are not well studied. We reviewed upper endoscopies and corresponding biopsies in JPS patients documented in our Polyposis Registry. A total of 199 upper gastrointestinal biopsies from 69 endoscopies were available in 22 of 41 (54%) JPS patients. Thirteen of the 22 patients (59%) had ≥1 gastric JP; 5 also had 6 small bowel JPs. Gastric JP was identified as early as age 7 in a patient with an SMAD4 gene mutation. Two patients (9%) had high-grade dysplasia in gastric JP. Invasive adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in the gastrectomy specimen of 1 patient. Five patients had a huge gastric polyp burden; 3 underwent total gastrectomy. Three patients died of complications associated with extensive upper JP. Histologically, 8 of the 56 (14%) gastric JPs identified had dysplasia. All of the 8 polyps demonstrated intestinalized and pyloric gland differentiation intermixed with foveolar epithelium. Dysplasia was seen arising in all 3 types of epithelium. The flat gastric mucosa in 11 patients was unremarkable without inflammation or intestinal metaplasia. The 6 small bowel JPs had no dysplasia. Our findings suggest that JPS patients are at increased risk for gastric adenocarcinoma. Detection of malignancy in syndromic gastric JP indicates that the current screening procedures are insufficient in removal of precursor lesions to prevent progression to carcinoma.
8A-3 System Architecture of an Experimental Synthetic Aperture Real-Time Ultrasound System

Synthetic aperture (SA) ultrasound imaging has many advantages in terms of flexibility and accuracy. One of the major drawbacks is, however, that no system exists, which can implement SA imaging in real time due to the very high number of calculations amounting to roughly 1 billion complex focused samples per second per receive channel. Real time imaging is a key aspect in ultrasound, and to truly demonstrate the many advantages of SA imaging, a system usable in the clinic should be made. The paper describes a system capable of real time SA B-mode and vector flow imaging. The synthetic aperture real-time ultrasound system (SARUS) has been developed through the last 2 years and can perform real time SA imaging and storage of RF channel data for multiple seconds. SARUS consists of a 1024 channel analog front-end and 64 identical digital boards. Each has 16 transmit channels and 16 receive channels both with a sampling frequency of 70 MHz/12 bits for arbitrary waveform emission and reception. The board holds live Virtex 4FX100 FPGAs, where one houses a PowerPC CPU used for control. The remaining four are used for generation of transmit signals, receive storage and matched Alter processing, and focusing and summing of data. Each FPGA can perform 80 billion multiplications/s and the full system can perform 25,600 billion multiplications/s. The FPGAs are connected through multiple 3.2 Gbit Rocket IO links, which makes it possible to send more than 1.6 GBytes/s of data between the FPGAs and between boards. The system can concurrently sample in 1024 channels, thus, generating 140 GBytes/s of data, which also can be processed in real time or stored. The system is controlled over a 1 Gbit/s Ethernet link to each digital board that runs Linux. The control and processing are divided into functional units that are accessed through an IP numbering scheme in a hierarchical order. A single controlling mechanism can, thus, be used to access the whole system from any PC. It is also possible for the controlling PowerPCs to access all other boards, which enables advanced adaptive imaging. The software is written in C++ and runs under Matlab for high level access to the system in a command structure similar to the Field II simulation program. This makes it possible for the user to specify imaging in very few lines of code and the set-up is fast due to the employment of the 64 PowerPCs in parallel. Focusing is done using a parametric beam former. Code synthesized for a Xilinx V4FX100 speed grade 11 FPGA can operate at a maximum clock frequency of 167.8 MHz producing 1 billion I and Q samples/second sufficient for real time SA imaging. The system is currently in production, and all boards have been laid out. VHDL and C++ code for the control has been written and the code for real time beamformation has been made and has obtained a sufficient performance for real-time imaging.
Using simple speech-based features to detect the state of a meeting and the roles of the meeting participants

We introduce a simple taxonomy of meeting states and participant roles. Our goal is to automatically detect the state of a meeting and the role of each meeting participant and to do so concurrent with a meeting. We trained a decision tree classifier that learns to detect these states and roles from simple speech–based features that are easy to compute automatically. This classifier detects meeting states 18% absolute more accurately than a random classifier, and detects participant roles 10% absolute more accurately than a majority classifier. The results imply that simple, easy to compute features can be used for this purpose.
Transglutaminase-Mediated Cross-Linking of GerQ in the Coats of Bacillus subtilis Spores

ABSTRACT The spores of Bacillus subtilis show remarkable resistance to many environmental stresses, due in part to the presence of an outer proteinaceous structure known as the spore coat. GerQ is a spore coat protein essential for the presence of CwlJ, an enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of the cortex during spore germination, in the spore coat. Here we show that GerQ is cross-linked into higher-molecular-mass forms due in large part to a transglutaminase. GerQ is the only substrate for this transglutaminase identified to date. In addition, we show that cross-linking of GerQ into high-molecular-mass forms occurs only very late in sporulation, after mother cell lysis. These findings, as well as studies of GerQ cross-linking in mutant strains where spore coat assembly is perturbed, lead us to suggest that coat proteins must assemble first and that their cross-linking follows as a final step in the spore coat formation pathway.