Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Left Ventricular Internal Resistance and Unloaded Ejection Flow Assessed From Pressure‐Flow Relations: A Flow‐Clamp Study on Isolated Rabbit Hearts

Left ventricular pressure-flow relations were studied, using excised working rabbit hearts and imposing constant flow ejections (flow-clamps) to separate the effects of flow on pressure from those of time, flow duration, starting volume, ejected volume, and volume at specified time. Pressure-flow data at given volume and time were independent of flow duration, starting volume, and ejected volume for flow-clamp durations exceeding 30 msec. Flow history independent of pressure-flow relations was linear for flow values larger than ± 5 ml/sec. The time-varying elastance model, E(t), of the ventricle was extended with a resistive component. Transient effects of flow can be explained by including a second elastance. The resulting verified 3-component model is consistent with recent reported experimental findings. The properties of internal resistance correspond to a constant unloaded ejection flow Qmax which was tested by extrapolating the linear pressure-flow relations to zero pressure. Qmax reached a plateau value of approximately 25 ml/sec within 50 msec after the start of contration. In relaxation, Qmax is only slightly smaller. Qmax did not depend on volume; therefore, the following equation was adequate for the relation between pressure, p(t); volume, V(t); and flow Q(t), during the flow-clamped ejections from 30 minutes after the start of the flow: (t) = E(t)±(V(t) - Vd)±(l - QW/Qmax)
Byzantine Fault Tolerant Monitoring of Distributed Systems

Adaptive systems (AS) are capable of altering their configuration in response to changes in its execution environment, caused, e.g, by faults or alterations in access patterns. A key component of any AS is the monitoring system (MS), responsible for collecting information regarding the operation and detect the changes to feed the policies that guide the system adaptation. The MS is especially complex in the presence of Byzantine faults, where system components may produce incorrect messages, or even trigger unwarranted adaptations, weakening the AS or making it less efficient. In this work, we describe i) the choices made in the development of a robust and flexible MS capable of handling various types of sensors; And, ii) the mechanisms that allow the system to provide a coherent view of the state of the AS, aggregating the information provided by the sensors in a fault-tolerant manner. The evaluation shows the extensibility of our SM and its scaling capability.
AUTHOR IDENTIFICATION BASED ON A HYBRID FEATURE SET USING MACHINE LEARNING AND CLUSTERING TECHNIQUES

Author identification of a document can be performed using computational or statistical method. In this paper, we try to identify the author of two ancient Arabic religious books dating from the 6th century: The holy Quran and the Hadith. Authorship identification consists in identifying the author of an anonymously document by using some techniques of Natural Language processing (NLP) and Artificial intelligence. In fact, each author has a unique writing style. Therefore, two series of experiments are undergone and commented. The first experiment deals with authorship identification of the two books using a Manhattan centroid distance and SMO-SVM classifier. Whereas, in the second experiment a Hierarchical Clustering is employed to identify the authors of the two books. Furthermore, three new features are combined to present the author. The results show good authorship identification performances with an accuracy of 100% corresponding to a clear authorship distinction between the two religious books. Keywords— Authorship analysis; Natural language processing; Author identification; Religious books; Quran; Hadith; Text Classifiaction
Early Postoperative Pain and its Predictors in the Adult to Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Cohort Study

Background Little is known about how well postoperative pain is managed in living liver donors, despite pain severity being the strongest predictor of persistent pain with long-lasting disability. Methods We conducted a prospective multicenter study of 172 living liver donors. Self-reported outcomes for pain severity, activity interference, affective (emotional) reactions, adverse effects to treatment, and perceptions of care were collected using the American Pain Society Patient Outcomes Questionnaire-Revised. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to identify demographic and psychosocial predictors of subscale scores. Results Donors were young (36.8 ± 10.6) and healthy. Of 12 expert society analgesic recommendations for postoperative pain management, 49% received care conforming to 3 guidelines, and only 9% to 4 or 5. More than half reported adverse effects to analgesic treatment for moderate to severe pain that interfered with functional activity; however, emotional distress to pain was unexpectedly minimal. Female donors had higher affective (&bgr; = 0.88, P = 0.005) and adverse effects scores (&bgr; = 1.33, P < 0.001). Donors with 2 or more medical concerns before surgery averaged 1 unit higher pain severity, functional interference, adverse effects, and affective reaction subscale scores (&bgr; range 1.06-1.55, all P < 0.05). Receiving information about pain treatment options increased perception of care subscale scores (&bgr; = 1.24, P = 0.001), whereas depressive symptoms before donation were associated with lower scores (&bgr; = -1.58, P = 0.01). Conclusions Donors have a distinct profile of pain reporting that is highly influenced by psychological characteristics. Interventions to improve pain control should consider modifying donor behavioral characteristics in addition to optimizing pain care protocols.
The Perception of Complex Patterns by Touch

Two experiments are reported on matching Braille characters in dot pattern and outline shape formats by congenitally blind subjects. In a third experiment subjects' drawings of Braille shapes were analysed. Experiment 1 showed that normal and retarded readers differed significantly when outline shapes ‘cued’ identical dot patterns, but did not differ when the dot patterns preceded outlines. However, normal as well as retarded readers were faster and more accurate in judging identical pairs in dot-pattern format than in any other condition. In experiment 2 dot patterns and outline shapes were matched at three levels of reading proficiency. Faster readers made fewer errors in matching identical pairs, but all subjects were more accurate and faster with dot patterns than with outline shapes. Experiment 3 showed that blind subjects' drawing of outline shapes is not affected by reading proficiency. Most common were errors of alignment, including ‘rotation’ from vertical to horizontal axes, suggesting that sources of confusion were spatial position of dots and major axes of alignment rather than mirror-image reversals. It is argued that the results are not compatible with the hypothesis that Braille letters are perceived as global outline shapes by faster readers.
Negative Association-Definition , Properties , and Applications

In these notes we present the notion of Negative Association, discuss some of its useful properties, and end with some example applications. The slogan to bear in mind here is “independent, or better”. 1 Negative Association Definition In randomized algorithms, our randomness often takes on the form of independent random variables, allowing us to apply powerful theorems concerning such variables, a prominent example being Chernoff-Hoeffding bounds. However, we can’t always expect random variables we observe (or generate during the run of our algorithms) to be independent. Nonetheless, these variables may satisfy some form of negative dependence, in which case useful properties of independence may carry over. This talk focuses on one such notion of negative dependence, namely Negative Association. Intuition Consider a set of random variables X1, X2, . , Xn, satisfying the following: if a subset S of these variables is “high”, then a disjoint subset T must be “low”. This property can be formalized as follows. Definition 1 (Negative Association [10, 8]). A set of random variables X1, X2, . , Xn is said to be negatively associated (NA) if for any two disjoint index sets I, J ⊆ [n] and two functions f, g both monotone increasing or both monotone decreasing, it holds E[f(Xi : i ∈ I) · g(Xj : j ∈ J)] ≤ E[f(Xi : i ∈ I)] · E[g(Xj : j ∈ J)]. In order to simplify notation later, we will think of monotone functions f and g and disjoint subsets I, J ⊆ [n] as defining functions in n variables fI , gJ : Rn → R, applying them to vectors ~ X = (X1, X2, . . . , Xn) given by sets of (NA) random variables, and stipulate that the values of f( ~ X) and g( ~ X) be determined by disjoint subsets of the Xi. In this notation, the above definition can be restated as follows. Definition 2 (Negative Association [10, 8]). A set of random variables X1, X2, . , Xn is said to be negatively associated (NA) if for any two n-dimensional functions f, g : Rn → R, depending on disjoint subsets of indices and both monotone increasing or both monotone decreasing in their respective indices, it holds E[f( ~ X) · g( ~ X)] ≤ E[f( ~ X)] · E[g( ~ X)]. 2 Useful Properties Part 1 As a special case of the definition of NA, taking fi( ~ X) = Xi, we find that NA variables are negatively correlated. Corollary 1 (NA implies Negative Correlation). Let X1, X2, . , Xn be NA random variables. Then, for all i 6= j, the following holds: E[XiXj ] ≤ E[Xi] · E[Xj ]. That is, Cov(Xi, Xj) ≤ 0. Another useful property of NA variables is Negative Orthant Dependence (NOD), given below.
The construct and concurrent validity of the EQ-5D in a renal transplant population.

OBJECTIVES Cost-utility analysis in renal transplant populations requires the use of a generic instrument for health status measurement that generates a single value for health. Such instruments should be widely applicable in diverse patient populations and their validity should be established. The aim of this study was to explore the validity of the EQ-5D in renal transplant patients. METHODS The EQ-5D was compared with the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), the modified transplant symptom occurrence and symptom distress (MTSOSD) scale, the short-form Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Construct and concurrent validity were tested on cross-sectional data of 350 patients. RESULTS Construct validity is good for some but not all EQ-5D dimensions, and the EQ-5D discriminates well among groups of patients with different health states according to the SF-36, MTSOSD scale, BDI, and STAI and between patients and the general public. Concurrent validity is good, as shown by the correspondence of EQ-5D and SF-36 results. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the EQ-5D is a valid instrument for the measurement of health status in renal transplant patients.
Bootstrapping in educational studies

Most of the outcomes of real life events follow normal distribution. In educational research, researchers often ensure a distribution closely associated to the normal distribution in order to proceed on their analyses. Testing of the normality is normally done before any inferential analysis is carried out. However, assumptions about normality can be exempted if bootstrapped procedures are used. The computation in bootstrap is complicated. The advanced analysis through powerful computer facility enables the possible implementation of the computation. Hence, the application of computer contributes to the success of implementing bootstrap procedures. In this study, the focus is to estimate parameter and inference required about the mean of some observations. Generally, this study provides some guidelines in using bootstrap procedures in educational research. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate the construction of the procedures of bootstrapping for the common usage in educational research in finding confidence intervals.
A real-time virtual sculpting application by using an optimized hash-based octree

The aim of this study is to develop a new 3D virtual sculpting system by using a hash-based octree data structure with an optimized approach to reduce the huge memory and computation cost and also the tree traversal time. The systemrst reads the selected 3D virtual object model, which must be in a triangular watertight polygon mesh format. Then both the surface and the interior volume of the virtual object is voxelized in order to generate its volumetric dataset. Afterwards, a hash-based data structure with a novel optimized approach is applied to the dataset. After each sculpting process applied to the virtual object, its surface is locally reconstructed and a feedback force is calculated synchronously. Finally, to give the user a realistic sense of interaction, the feedback force is sent back via a haptic device. Creation durations of a traditional octree, a hash-based octree, and our optimized hash-based octree are compared. Tree traversal and surface reconstruction times of our optimized hash-based octree approach are also compared with the pointer-based one in off-line and real-time while sculpting a 3D model. It is shown that the memory requirement and durations of our optimized approach are the lowest.
Estimation of age from individual adult teeth.

When one must identify a deceased individual, accurate estimation of the age of the individual is important. Teeth are particularly useful in age evaluations because they display a number of observable age-related variables and they tend to remain intact under circumstances which might alter or obliterate the rest of the skeleton. Where dental records are available, of course, separate determination of age may not be necessary, but when little or no information is available about the deceased individual, a simple estimation of age is of great value.
Development and Characterization of a Novel Single-Cycle Recombinant-Virus Assay To Determine Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Coreceptor Tropism

ABSTRACT Most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains require either the CXCR4 or CCR5 chemokine receptor to efficiently enter cells. Blocking viral binding to these coreceptors is an attractive therapeutic target. Currently, several coreceptor antagonists are being evaluated in clinical trials that require characterization of coreceptor tropism for enrollment. In this report, we describe the development of an automated and accurate procedure for determining HIV-1 coreceptor tropism (Trofile) and its validation for routine laboratory testing. HIV-1 pseudoviruses are generated using full-length env genes derived from patient virus populations. Coreceptor tropism is determined by measuring the abilities of these pseudovirus populations to efficiently infect CD4+/U87 cells expressing either the CXCR4 or CCR5 coreceptor. Viruses exclusively and efficiently infecting CXCR4+/CD4+/U87 cells are designated X4-tropic. Conversely, viruses exclusively and efficiently infecting CCR5+/CD4+/U87 cells are designated R5-tropic. Viruses capable of infecting both CXCR4+/CD4+/U87 and CCR5+/CD4+/U87 cells are designated dual/mixed-tropic. Assay accuracy and reproducibility were established by evaluating the tropisms of well-characterized viruses and the variability among replicate results from samples tested repeatedly. The viral subtype, hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus coinfection, and the plasma viral load did not affect assay performance. Minority subpopulations with alternate tropisms were reliably detected when present at 5 to 10%. The plasma viral load above which samples can be amplified efficiently in the Trofile assay is 1,000 copies per ml of plasma. Trofile has been automated for high-throughput use; it can be used to identify patients most likely to benefit from treatment regimens that include a coreceptor inhibitor and to monitor patients on treatment for the emergence of resistant virus populations that switch coreceptor tropism.
TerraSAR-X Mission Status

TerraSAR-X is Germany's first national remote sensing satellite being implemented in a public-private partnership between the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) and EADS Astrium GmbH, with a significant financial contribution from the industrial partner. This radar satellite, which is to be launched in June 2007 will supply high-quality radar data for purposes of scientific observation of the Earth for a period of at least five years. At the same time it is designed to satisfy the steadily growing demand of the private sector for remote sensing data in the commercial market. This contribution will describe first the public-private partnership scheme, the roles and responsibilities of the partners as well as the overall project organization. The mission and system design will then be described, followed by a brief overview of the satellite, the related Ground Segment and the applied data policy. The contribution will then focus on the actual mission status. Finally a brief outlook will be given on the activities to come.
3-Methoxy-4-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one monohydrate

In the title hydrate, C4H7N3O2·H2O, all the non-H atoms lie on a crystallographic mirror plane. The H atoms of both methyl groups are disordered over two sets of sites. In the crystal, N—H⋯Ow and Ow—H⋯Ok (w = water and k = ketone) hydrogen bonds link the components into (010) sheets.
Use of visual and tactile data for generation of 3-D object hypotheses

Most existing 3-D object recognition/localization systems rely on a single type of sensory data, although several sensors may be available in a robot task to provide information about the objects to be recognized. In this paper, the authors present a technique to localize polyhedral objects by integrating visual and tactile data. It is assumed that visual data is provided by a monocular visual sensor, while tactile data by a planar-array tactile sensor in contact with the object to be localized. The authors focus on using tactile data in the hypothesis generation phase to reduce the requirements of visual features for localization to a V-junction only. The main concept of this technique is to compute a set of partial pose hypotheses off-line by utilizing tactile data, and then complement these partial hypotheses on-line using visual data. The technique presented is tested using simulated and real data. <<ETX>>
Spatial distribution of myelin basic protein mRNA and polypeptide in Quaking oligodendrocytes in culture

In the CNS, myelin is formed from the expansion of oligodendrocyte processes. In order to study myelin assembly in the hypomyelinating mutant mouse quaking (qk), cultures of Oligodendrocytes were established from affected and control animals. The cytoarchitecture of the Oligodendrocytes was analyzed by performing morphometric measurements after immunostaining with antitubulin. The results indicate that the gross morphology of the processes is similar in control and mutant cells. The localization of the message for the myelin structural component, myelin basic protein (MBP), was examined by in situ hybridization. In control Oligodendrocytes, 80% of MBP mRNA is found in the processes. In contrast, only 23% of MBP mRNA is localized to these structures in the mutant; the majority of MBP mRNA remains in the cell body. The mutant cells are capable of distributing mRNAs to the periphery as shown by the presence of tubulin mRNA in their processes. MBP poly‐peptide was visualized by immunofluorescence and found in the perikaryon, processes and membranous expansions of the control cells. In the mutant, it is largely confined to the perikaryon, reflecting the distribution of the mRNA. These results suggest that the localization of MBP polypeptide is achieved by restricting the distribution of its mRNA, and that MBP assembly into the myelin membrane occurs in the processes. This step appears to be blocked in qk oligodendrocytes in culture.
Output-Feedback Lyapunov-Based Predictive Control of Stochastic Nonlinear Systems

This paper considers the problem of output-feedback control of stochastic nonlinear systems. A predictive controller is designed for which stability and feasibility (in a probabilistic sense) are guaranteed from an explicitly characterized region of attraction. The controller's performance is characterized by its risk of allowing destabilizing system behavior. Since the controller design relies on certain convergence properties of the state observer, a compatible stochastic high-gain type observer design is also presented. Finally, simulation results illustrating the efficacy of the design are presented.
Supporting conceptual design based on the function-behavior-state modeler

Abstract The relative significance of conceptual design to basic design or detail design is widely recognized, due to its influential roles in determining the product's fundamental features and development costs. Although there are some general methodologies dealing with functions in design, virtually no commercial CAD systems can support functional design, in particular so-called synthetic phase of design. Supporting the synthetic phase of conceptual design is one of the crucial issues of CAD systems with function modeling capabilities. In this paper, we propose a computer tool called a Function-Behavior-State (FBS) Modeler to support functional design not only in the analytical phase but also in the synthetic phase. To do so, the functional decomposition knowledge and physical features in the knowledge base of the modeler, and a subsystem Qualitative Process Abduction System (QPAS) play crucial roles. Modeling scheme of function in relation with behavior and structure and design process for conceptual design in the FBS Modeler are described. The advantages of the FBS Modeler are demonstrated by presenting two examples; namely, an experiment in which designers used this tool and the design of functionally redundant machines, which is a new design methodology for highly reliable machines, as its application.
Ibrahim El rube ’ N Image Segment Matching Using Affine-Invariant Regions

1757 Abstract—In this paper, a method for matching image segments using triangle-based (geometrical) regions is proposed. Triangular regions are formed from triples of vertex points obtained from a keypoint detector (SIFT). However, triangle regions are subject to noise and distortion around the edges and vertices (especially acute angles). Therefore, these triangles are expanded into parallelogramshaped regions. The extracted image segments inherit an important triangle property; the invariance to affine distortion. Given two images, matching corresponding regions is conducted by computing the relative affine matrix, rectifying one of the regions w.r. t. the other one, then calculating the similarity between the reference and rectified region. The experimental tests show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm against geometrical distortion.
Resolving Plan Ambiguity for Response Generation

A b s t r a c t Recognizing the plan underlying a query aids in the generation of an appropriate response. In this paper, we address the problem of how to generate cooperative responses when the user's plan is ambiguous. We show that it is not always necessary to resolve the ambiguity, and provide a procedure that estimates whether the ambiguity matters to the task of formulating a response. If the ambiguity does matter, we propose to resolve the ambiguity by entering into a clarification dialogue with the user and provide a procedure that performs this task. Together, these procedures allow a question-answering system to take advantage of the interactive and collaborative nature of dialogue in recognizing plans and resolving ambiguity.