Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accurate Learning for Chinese Function Tags from Minimal Features

Data-driven function tag assignment has been studied for English using Penn Tree-bank data. In this paper, we address the question of whether such method can be applied to other languages and Tree-bank resources. In addition to simply extend previous method from English to Chinese, we also proposed an effective way to recognize function tags directly from lexical information, which is easily scalable for languages that lack sufficient parsing resources or have inherent linguistic challenges for parsing. We investigated a supervised sequence learning method to automatically recognize function tags, which achieves an F-score of 0.938 on gold-standard POS (Part-of-Speech) tagged Chinese text -- a statistically significant improvement over existing Chinese function label assignment systems. Results show that a small number of linguistically motivated lexical features are sufficient to achieve comparable performance to systems using sophisticated parse trees.
A Short Introduction to Fibonacci Anyon Models

We discuss how to construct models of interacting anyons by generalizing quantum spin Hamiltonians to anyonic degrees of freedom. The simplest interactions energetically favor pairs of anyons to fuse into the trivial ("identity") channel, similar to the quantum Heisenberg model favoring pairs of spins to form spin singlets. We present an introduction to the theory of anyons and discuss in detail how basis sets and matrix representations of the interaction terms can be obtained, using non-Abelian Fibonacci anyons as example. Besides discussing the "golden chain", a one-dimensional system of anyons with nearest neighbor interactions, we also present the derivation of more complicated interaction terms, such as three-anyon interactions in the spirit of the Majumdar-Ghosh spin chain, longer range interactions and two-leg ladders. We also discuss generalizations to anyons with general non-Abelian su(2)_k statistics. The k to infinity limit of the latter yields ordinary SU(2) spin chains.
On Understanding the Relationship Between Recollection and Refinding

Memory has long since been acknowledged to be important to the processes involved in Personal Information Management, especially to re-finding previously accessed information. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about the role that memory plays in these processes or how the user's recollections should be supported. Focusing, on email re-finding, this article investigates the relationship between recollection and information re-finding performance. A study is presented that examines the attributes participants remembered about email messages they were asked to re-find. The recollections are analysed statistically to learn if they influenced the participants' re-finding performance. We discover that a relationship exists, although it is more complicated than researchers have previously suggested, and that specific attributes appear to influence the performance when they are remembered. We discuss our findings with respect to past and future work and also to the design of new re-finding tools.
Topological Data Mapping for Improved Generalization Capabilities using Counter Propagation Networks

This paper presents a method to improve generalization capabilities of supervised neural networks based on topological data mapping used in Counter Propagation Networks (CPNs). Our method provides advantages to interpolate new data in sparse areas that exist among categories and to remove overlapping or conflicting data in original training data. Moreover, our method can control the number of training data by changing the size of the category map according to a problem to be solved. We applied our method to classification problems of two-dimensional datasets for evaluation of basic characteristics of our method. The classification results show that decision boundaries are changed and that generalization capabilities are improved using our method. Moreover, we applied our method to face recognition under various illumination conditions using the Yale Face Database B. The results indicate that our method provides not only improved generalization capabilities, but also visualizes spatial distributions of support vectors on a category map.
A Log-Det Inequality for Random Matrices

We prove a new inequality for the expectation $E\left[\log\det\left(\mathbf{W}\mathbf{Q}+\mathbf{I}\right)\right]$, where $\mathbf{Q}$ is a nonnegative definite matrix and $\mathbf{W}$ is a diagonal random matrix with identically distributed nonnegative diagonal entries. A sharp lower bound is obtained by substituting $\mathbf{Q}$ by the diagonal matrix of its eigenvalues $\mathbf{\Gamma}$. Conversely, if this inequality holds for all $\mathbf{Q}$ and $\mathbf{\Gamma}$, then the diagonal entries of $\mathbf{W}$ are necessarily identically distributed. From this general result, we derive related deterministic inequalities of Muirhead- and Rado-type. We also present some applications in information theory: We derive bounds on the capacity of parallel Gaussian fading channels with colored additive noise and bounds on the achievable rate of noncoherent Gaussian fading channels.
Three-dimensional preoperative maps of hippocampal atrophy predict surgical outcomes in temporal lobe epilepsy

The authors used surface-based anatomic mapping to detect features of hippocampal anatomy that correlated with surgical outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis. Compared with a seizure-free group, hippocampal profiles for the non–seizure-free group had greater diffuse ipsilateral atrophy and more region-specific contralateral atrophy in the anterior, lateral hippocampus. These atrophic regions may indicate areas of increased epileptogenicity, contributing to poorer surgical outcomes.
Postoperative delirium.

Mr. A, a 50-year-old English-speaking Korean man, presented to the hospital with right scapular pain. CT of the chest showed two masses, and a CT-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy study revealed poorly differentiated non-smallcell carcinoma of the lung. MRI of the brain, with and without gadolinium, showed neither a mass lesion nor abnormal enhancement suggestive of metastatic disease.
A Quantitative Study of Forum Spamming Using Context-based Analysis

Forum spamming has become a major means of search engine spamming. To evaluate the impact of forum spamming on search quality, we have conducted a comprehensive study from three perspectives: that of the search user, the spammer, and the forum hosting site. We examine spam blogs and spam comments in both legitimate and honey forums. Our study shows that forum spamming is a widespread problem. Spammed forums, powered by the most popular software, show up in the top 20 search results for all the 189 popular keywords. On two blog sites, more than half (75% and 54% respectively) of the blogs are spam, and even on a major and reputably well maintained blog site, 8.1% of the blogs are spam. The observation on our honey forums confirms that spammers target abandoned pages and that most comment spam is meant to increase page rank rather than generate immediate traffic. We propose contextbased analyses, consisting of redirection and cloaking analysis, to detect spam automatically and to overcome shortcomings of content-based analyses. Our study shows that these analyses are very effective in identifying spam pages.
Gear fault detection and diagnosis based on Hilbert-Huang transform

A novel application of Hilbert-Huang transform method to fault diagnosis of gear crack is presented. The methodology developed in this paper decomposes the original times series data in intrinsic oscillation modes, using the empirical mode decomposition. Then the Hilbert transform is applied to each intrinsic mode function. Therefore, the time-frequency distribution is obtained. The basic method is introduced in detail. The Hilbert-Huang transform is applied in the research of the faults diagnosis of the gear crack. The experimental results show that Hilbert-Huang transform can effectively diagnosis the faults of the gear crack.
Towards Efficient Matching of Semantic Web Service Capabilities

Web services are becoming an incontrovertible paradigm for the development of large scale distributed systems. Combined with semantic Web technologies, in particular ontologies, Web services capabilities can be unambiguously interpreted and automatically used. Nevertheless, efficient matching of semantic Web service capab ilities remains an open issue towards the wide acceptance of semantic Web services. In this paper, we analyze the cost of semantic reasoning based on ontologies, which is at the heart of the matching process, and we propose an approach towards efficient matching of sema ntic Web service capabilities. Our approach introduces optimizations of the matchi ng process at two levels: at the semantic reasoning level in order to reduce the cost of matching concepts within ontologies, and at the matching level, in order to reduce the number of matching iterations over a registry of services.
Pluripotent Stem Cells for the Study of CNS Development

The mammalian central nervous system is a complex neuronal network consisting of a diverse array of cellular subtypes generated in a precise spatial and temporal pattern throughout development. Achieving a greater understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms that direct a relatively uniform population of neuroepithelial progenitors into diverse neuronal subtypes remains a significant challenge. The advent of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology allows researchers to generate diverse neural populations in vitro. Although the primary focus of PSC-derived neural cells has been their therapeutic potential, utilizing PSCs to study neurodevelopment is another frequently overlooked and equally important application. In this review, we explore the potential for utilizing PSCs to study neural development. We introduce the types of neurodevelopmental questions that PSCs can help to address, and we discuss the different strategies and technologies that researchers use to generate diverse subtypes of PSC-derived neurons. Additionally, we highlight the derivation of several thoroughly characterized neural subtypes; spinal motoneurons, midbrain dopaminergic neurons and cortical neurons. We hope that this review encourages researchers to develop innovative strategies for using PSCs for the study of mammalian, and specifically human, neurodevelopment.
A Study on the Motion Mechanism of Articulated Fish Robot

Recently, the technologies of mobile robots have been growing rapidly in the fields such as cleaning robot, explosive ordnance disposal robot, patrol robot, and etc. However, the researches about the autonomous underwater robots have not been done so much, and they still remain at the low level of technology. In this paper, we studied the motion mechanism of real fishes, from which we derived the dynamic equations of a fish robot. Using the equation we developed a method to find the optimal parameters to give a maximum propulsive power for a considered fish robot. The fished robot is model as a three jointed rigid bodies and its length is chosen as about 860 mm, based on the simulation result. Two servo motors with encoders are located at link 1 and link 2, respectively. However, the fourth link is connected to link 3 with a flexible springs to imitate the smooth motion of real fishes. Finally some experiments are carried out to compare the motion characteristics between experiment and simulation.
Professional socialisation (PS) of Malaysian real estate undergraduates

ABSTRACT In a borderless economy underlined by increased regional labour mobility, enhanced Real Estate professionals would benefit the Malaysian real estate industry. Little is known about how undergraduates undergo professionalisation during their university education. New entrants to a profession acquire the necessary values, attitudes, skills and knowledge through the process of professional socialisation (PS). An effective PS assists in human resource management in terms of high retention rate; conversely, an impaired PS negatively affects human resource management in terms of increased disengagement rate. This paper seeks to examine how Malaysian real estate undergraduates were initiated into their profession during their tertiary education. Using questionnaire survey as the main data collection tool, respondents comprising recent graduates from two public universities indicated the effectiveness of role models, reasoning and attitude in developing role orientation, syllabus comprehension and immersion, and soft skills enhancement. Mentorship was identified as the most important PS factor by the respondents whilst internship timing had no bearing on PS.
Why Error Correcting Output Coding Works

Previous research has shown that a technique called error correcting output coding ECOC can dramatically improve the classi cation accuracy of supervised learning algorithms that learn to classify data points into one of k classes This paper presents an empirical investigation of why the ECOC technique works particularly when employed with decision tree learning methods It concludes that an important factor in the success of the method is the nearly random behavior of decision tree algorithms near the root of the decision tree when applied to learn di cult decision boundaries The results also show that deliberately injecting randomness into decision tree algorithms can signi cantly improve the accuracy of voting methods that combine the guesses of multiple decision trees to make classi cation decisions
Signal Processing of ECG Using Matlab

- The ECG signal, even rest ECG, is often corrupted by artifacts produced by varies sources of either artificial or biological nature. Main artificial artifacts are power line interference, Impulse noise, Electrostatic potentials and noise of electronic devices. The main biological artifacts are motion artifacts and muscle artifacts (EMG signal) The present work introduces the digital filtering method to cope with the noise artifacts in the ECG signal. The ECG lead-II signal is taken. The butterworth IIR filter and FIR type1 filters are applied on the ECG signal. The basic bandwidth used for the ECG monitoring is from 0 . 5 Hz to 100 Hz.
SensTrack: Energy-Efficient Location Tracking With Smartphone Sensors

Nowadays, as smartphones are becoming more and more powerful, applications providing location based services have been increasingly popular. Many, if not all, smartphones are equipped with a powerful sensor set (GPS, WiFi, the acceleration sensor, the orientation sensor, etc.), which makes them capable of accomplishing complicated tasks. Unfortunately, as the core enabler of most location tracking applications on smartphones, GPS incurs an unacceptable energy cost that can cause the complete battery drain within a few hours. Although GPS is often preferred over its alternatives, the coverage areas of GPS are still limited (GPS typically cannot function indoors). To this end, our goal in this paper is to improve the energy-efficiency of traditional location tracking service as well as to expand its coverage areas. In this paper, we introduce SensTrack, a location tracking service that leverages the sensor hints on the smartphone to reduce the usage of GPS. SensTrack selectively executes a GPS sampling using the information from the acceleration and orientation sensors and switches to the alternate location sensing method based on WiFi when users move indoors. A machine learning technique, Gaussian process regression, is then employed to reconstruct the trajectory from the recorded location samples. We implemented a prototype on an Android smartphone that can sample the related sensors during the user's movement and collect the sensor data for further processing on PCs. Evaluation on traces from real users demonstrates that SensTrack can significantly reduce the usage of GPS and still achieve a high tracking accuracy.
Impact of Antenna Geometry on Adaptive Switching in MIMO Channels

Adaptive switching between multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission schemes like diversity and spatial multiplexing yields significantly higher capacity gains over fixed transmission schemes. Previous work has shown the impact of channel correlation and SNR on the switching between different schemes like beamforming and spatial multiplexing. This paper explores the influence of antenna geometry on the switching points between these transmission schemes. Closed-form expressions for the switching points for a two element uniform linear array (ULA) as a function of antenna geometry and channel statistics are derived. The impact of the channel parameters and antenna geometry on the switching points is also shown by simulations. The paper is concluded with a discussion on the impact of varying antenna array configurations on the switching points between beamforming and spatial multiplexing.
On the age-specific correlation between fertility and female employment: Heterogeneity over space and time in OECD countries

Background: Though there has been profound research on the curious change in correlation between total fertility rate (TFR) and female labor force participation (FLP) in the mid-1980s, aspects of the compositional character of age-specific effects and the nature of countries’ heterogeneity have been neglected. Objective: The present paper aims to contribute to filling this gap by analyzing annual total fertility rates and their equivalents for four age groups between 20 and 39 years as well as the respective lagged FLP from 17 OECD countries between 1985 and 2010. Methods: Random Intercept and Random Coefficient Models are applied, allowing us to assess both effects and country heterogeneity in slopes and intercepts. Results: The analyses reveal that the development of the correlation between FLP and TFR after 1985 is comprised of very different relations between age-specific fertility and labor participation. The youngest group’s situation is determined by a decrease in both fertility and FLP, while countries’ effects differ increasingly. The oldest women’s fertility decisions seem to be detached from labor market influences, though country variation is high. Women in their late 20s and early 30s, in contrast, appear to be most affected by the incompatibility of childbearing and gainful employment. Though these effects seem to have overcome their low points during the mid-1990s, only women in their early 30s show country-convergence. Conclusions: The results highlight the fact that total and age-specific fertility behavior, FLP-effects and country variances are distinct concepts that add considerably to the broad understanding of the correlation between fertility and FLP.
Semantic Role Labeling via Tree Kernel Joint Inference

Recent work on Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) has shown that to achieve high accuracy a joint inference on the whole predicate argument structure should be applied. In this paper, we used syntactic subtrees that span potential argument structures of the target predicate in tree kernel functions. This allows Support Vector Machines to discern between correct and incorrect predicate structures and to re-rank them based on the joint probability of their arguments. Experiments on the PropBank data show that both classification and re-ranking based on tree kernels can improve SRL systems.
A NEW APPROACH TO DESIGN LOW POWER CMOS FLASH A/D CONVERTER

In the present paper, a 4-bit flash analog to digital converter for low power SoC application is presented. CMOS inverter has been used as a comparator and by adjusting the ratio of channel width and length, the switching threshold of the CMOS inverter is varied to detect the input analog signal. The simulation results show that this proposed 4-bit flash ADC consumes about 12.4 mW at 200M sample/s with 3.3V supply voltage in TSMC 0.35 µm process. Compared with the traditional flash ADC, this proposed method can reduce about 78% in power consumption.
Large-scale polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation.

The anisotropy and polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) induced by the scalar and tensor metric perturbations are computed in the long-wavelength limit. It is found that the large-scale polarization of CMBR induced by the decaying tensor mode can reach a few percents. This is different from the scalar or inflation-induced tensor mode, whereas the polarization is at least two orders of magnitude lower. The effect of matter re-ionization on CMBR is also considered. We conclude that measuring the polarization of CMBR on large-angular scales can probe the ionization history of the early Universe, and test different cosmological models.
Mineral vs. Organic Amendments: Microbial Community Structure, Activity and Abundance of Agriculturally Relevant Microbes Are Driven by Long-Term Fertilization Strategies

Soil management is fundamental to all agricultural systems and fertilization practices have contributed substantially to the impressive increases in food production. Despite the pivotal role of soil microorganisms in agro-ecosystems, we still have a limited understanding of the complex response of the soil microbiota to organic and mineral fertilization in the very long-term. Here, we report the effects of different fertilization regimes (mineral, organic and combined mineral and organic fertilization), carried out for more than a century, on the structure and activity of the soil microbiome. Organic matter content, nutrient concentrations, and microbial biomass carbon were significantly increased by mineral, and even more strongly by organic fertilization. Pyrosequencing revealed significant differences between the structures of bacterial and fungal soil communities associated to each fertilization regime. Organic fertilization increased bacterial diversity, and stimulated microbial groups (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Zygomycota) that are known to prefer nutrient-rich environments, and that are involved in the degradation of complex organic compounds. In contrast, soils not receiving manure harbored distinct microbial communities enriched in oligotrophic organisms adapted to nutrient-limited environments, as Acidobacteria. The fertilization regime also affected the relative abundances of plant beneficial and detrimental microbial taxa, which may influence productivity and stability of the agroecosystem. As expected, the activity of microbial exoenzymes involved in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous mineralization were enhanced by both types of fertilization. However, in contrast to comparable studies, the highest chitinase and phosphatase activities were observed in the solely mineral fertilized soil. Interestingly, these two enzymes showed also a particular high biomass-specific activities and a strong negative relation with soil pH. As many soil parameters are known to change slowly, the particularity of unchanged fertilization treatments since 1902 allows a profound assessment of linkages between management and abiotic as well as biotic soil parameters. Our study revealed that pH and TOC were the majors, while nitrogen and phosphorous pools were minors, drivers for structure and activity of the soil microbial community. Due to the long-term treatments studied, our findings likely represent permanent and stable, rather than transient, responses of soil microbial communities to fertilization.