Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cahiers D'épistémologie Credit and Money in Schumpeter's Theory Credit and Money in Schumpeter's Theory

2 Cette publication, la deux cent quatre-vingt-onzième de la série, a été rendue possible grâce à la contribution financière du FQRSC (Fonds québécois de recherche sur la société et la culture). Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être conservée dans un système de recherche documentaire, traduite ou reproduite sous quelque forme que ce soit-imprimé, procédé photomécanique, microfilm, microfiche ou tout autre moyen-sans la permission écrite de l'éditeur. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. / All rights reserved. No part of this publication covered by the copyrights hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means-graphic, electronic or mechanical-without the prior written permission of the publisher. ABSTRACT Together with Wicksell and other German speaking authors, Schumpeter redefined the foundations of monetary theory replacing the traditional view of money as a "veil", which facilitates exchanges, with the concept of money as capital, which acts as an essential premise for the starting of new production processes. However, these results were not enough to give credit to Schumpeter as monetary theorist. The present paper aims to show that this scanty renown of Schumpeter's monetary theory is due to his attempt to reach a close integration between the monetary and the 'real' aspects of the economic system. This attempt implies, in fact, that Schumpeter does not examine the traditional monetary problems but deals with those money functions which are an essential part of the cyclical evolution of the economic system. Such functions, in their turn, found the so-called 'credit theory of money', as opposed to the 'monetary theory of credit'. The 'credit theory of money' represents the main subject of this paper.
Language Use in Forensic Settings

Understanding what constitutes proper communication is an important component of interaction for forensic science professionals. Using concepts from linguistic anthropology, this thesis recognizes patterns of discourse and register among individuals working within a forensic setting. Data collected from a survey distributed to members of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences and from interviews with forensic professionals working in the state of Louisiana were used to analyze individual perceptions of language use in professional settings. Results show that variation among individuals within the forensic disciplines affects speech. Other determinants of proper speech include audience and the space within which the communication occurs. As an individual transitions into and accumulates experience within the profession of forensic science, various patterns of language use can be observed. This thesis concludes that professionals exhibit metadiscourse awareness in forensic settings.
Ecological speciation by temporal isolation in a population of the stonefly Leuctra hippopus (Plecoptera, Leuctridae)

Abstract Stream dwelling invertebrates are ideal candidates for the study of ecological speciation as they are often adapted to particular environmental conditions within a stream and inhabit only certain reaches of a drainage basin, separated by unsuitable habitat. We studied an atypical population of the stonefly Leuctra hippopus at a site in central Norway, the Isterfoss rapids, in relation to three nearby and two remote conspecific populations. Adults of this population emerge about a month earlier than those of nearby populations, live on large boulders emerging from the rapids, and are short‐lived. This population also has distinct morphological features and was studied earlier during the period 1975–1990. We reassessed morphological distinctness with new measurements and added several analyses of genetic distinctness based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequence markers, as well as AFLP fingerprinting and SNPs mined from RAD sequences. The Isterfoss population is shown to be most closely related to its geographical neighbors, yet clearly morphologically and genetically distinct and homogeneous. We conclude that this population is in the process of sympatric speciation, with temporal isolation being the most important direct barrier to gene flow. The shift in reproductive season results from the particular temperature and water level regime in the Isterfoss rapids. The distinct adult body shape and loss of flight are hypothesized to be an adaptation to the unusual habitat. Ecological diversification on small spatial and temporal scales is one of the likely causes of the high diversity of aquatic insects.
An Integrated Fuzzy Approach for Strategic Alliance Partner Selection in Third-Party Logistics

Outsourcing some of the logistic activities is a useful strategy for companies in recent years. This makes it possible for firms to concentrate on their main issues and processes and presents facility to improve logistics performance, to reduce costs, and to improve quality. Therefore provider selection and evaluation in third-party logistics become important activities for companies. Making a strategic decision like this is significantly hard and crucial. In this study we proposed a fuzzy multicriteria decision making (MCDM) approach to effectively select the most appropriate provider. First we identify the provider selection criteria and build the hierarchical structure of decision model. After building the hierarchical structure we determined the selection criteria weights by using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique. Then we applied fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to obtain final rankings for providers. And finally an illustrative example is also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Transport-based analysis, modeling, and learning from signal and data distributions

Transport-based techniques for signal and data analysis have received increased attention recently. Given their abilities to provide accurate generative models for signal intensities and other data distributions, they have been used in a variety of applications including content-based retrieval, cancer detection, image super-resolution, and statistical machine learning, to name a few, and shown to produce state of the art in several applications. Moreover, the geometric characteristics of transport-related metrics have inspired new kinds of algorithms for interpreting the meaning of data distributions. Here we provide an overview of the mathematical underpinnings of mass transport-related methods, including numerical implementation, as well as a review, with demonstrations, of several applications.
A low-power fully integrated Gaussian-MSK modulator based on the sigma-delta fractional-N frequency synthesis

A fully integrated GMSK modulator in DRRS band is presented All components of the transmitter except the power amplifier, including the loop filter and the oscillator are on-chip. Transistor and system level simulations demonstrate that the modulator meets the performance requirements of the DRRS standard. The circuit power consumption of the modulator at 1.4 GHz is 37 mW with a single 3 V power supply, in a 0.6 /spl mu/m digital CMOS technology. Low power consumption of the modulator is due to the low-power frequency divider and low-power low-phase noise ring oscillator.
Determinants of College and University Choice for High-School Students in Qatar

Drawing on existing research, this paper investigates various predictors of high school students’ college and university choice decisions in Qatar. Based on a 2015 survey of 1,427 participants, this study utilized exploratory factor analysis to identify variables that affect student choice of higher educational institutions (HEI). Three factors were extracted from the analysis, revealing the following aspects of the academic experience as important when choosing a HEI: quality of education, cultural values, and the cost of education. To further the understanding of the relevance of these factors for different student demographics, we employed ordinal logistic regression to test whether several independent variables (student’s gender, nationality, parental education, and parental occupation) act as significant predictors of the three extracted dimensions (dependent variables). The analysis revealed that, indeed, demographic characteristics significantly predict, to varying degrees, all three factors affecting student’s HEI choice. Discussion on postulated reasons behind the recorded relationships will follow, along with implications and recommendations for further study and research. Findings of this study will help HEIs in Qatar and the broader region to position themselves more effectively, and develop targeted strategies that attract a diverse student population.
CWW: The encoding part

Human interact with natural language. Words are uncertain, vague and imprecise. Besides, words mean different things to different people. So, the use of numerical model to represent words is a difficult task. In this paper, we propose to give a new review of the most used computing with words methods especially encoding ones. Many approaches were used for computing with words. Some of these methods convert words into a representation using fuzzy logic like the person MF approach, the interval endpoint approach, the interval approach and the enhanced interval approach. These methods were used in the encoding part of computing with words (encoding: how to transform a word into a fuzzy set).
Linear relaxations of polynomial positivity for polynomial Lyapunov function synthesis

In this paper, we examine linear programming (LP) based relaxations for synthesizing polynomial Lyapunov functions to prove the stability of polynomial ODEs. A common approach to Lyapunov function synthesis starts from a desired parametric polynomial form of the polynomial Lyapunov function. Subsequently, we encode the positive-definiteness of the function, and the negative-definiteness of its derivative over the domain of interest. Therefore, the key primitives for this encoding include: (a) proving that a given polynomial is positive definite over a domain of interest, and (b) encoding the positive definiteness of a given parametric polynomial, as a constraint on the unknown parameters. We first examine two classes of relaxations for proving polynomial positivity: relaxations by sum-of-squares (SOS) programs, against relaxations that produce linear programs. We compare both types of relaxations by examining the class of polynomials that can be shown to be positive in each case. Next, we present a progression of increasingly more powerful LP relaxations based on expressing the given polynomial in its Bernstein form, as a linear combination of Bernstein polynomials. The wellknown bounds on Bernstein polynomials over the unit box help us formulate increasingly precise LP relaxations that help us establish the positive definiteness of a polynomial over a bounded domain. Subsequently, we show how these LP relaxations can be used to search for Lyapunov functions for polynomial ODEs by formulating LP instances. We compare our approaches to synthesizing Lyapunov functions with approaches based on SOS programming relaxations. The approaches are evaluated on a suite of benchmark examples drawn from the literature and automatically synthesized benchmarks. Our evaluation clearly demonstrates the promise of LP relaxations, especially for finding polynomial local Lyapunov functions that prove that the system is asymptotically stable over a given bounded region containing the equilibrium. In particular, the LP approach is shown to be as fast as the SOS programming approach, but less prone to numerical problems.
An Exploration of the Impact of Electronic Medical Record Capabilities Selection, Implementation Sequence, and Adoption Timing on Healthcare Outcomes

Investments in Electronic medical records (EMR) is one of the largest components of overall health information technology investments. Examining the impact of EMR on quality of healthcare delivery is a topic of significant importance. This dissertation aims at exploring the relationship between the EMR capabilities and healthcare quality performance of hospitals. In particular, this study examines three important issues. First, the relationship between the synergy among different portfolios of EMR capabilities and quality of care at U.S. hospitals is studied. It also extends the analysis of EMR capabilities effects on quality of healthcare beyond the focus on the initial investment to examine how the assimilation and use of different EMR capabilities impact various healthcare quality measures. We used archival data to conduct a five-year (2008-2012) longitudinal study of a large panel of U.S. hospitals. Second, this study seeks to determine whether early adopters of advanced EMR capabilities (CPOE and physician documentation) were able to improve quality of healthcare, and finally, this research also answers the question of whether EMR capabilities adoption path impacts healthcare quality outcomes. Our results suggest that the synergy among full EMR capabilities portfolio is associated with better quality outcomes. Our results also suggest that the greater assimilation and use of EMR capabilities are also associated with improvement on only one quality outcomes measure. Further, the results highlight that early adopters of advanced EMR capabilities were able to improve quality outcomes relative to hospitals that were not early adopters. Furthermore, our results suggest that the sequence of EMR capabilities adoption does matter, and the findings empirically show improvement in quality outcomes when hospitals follow certain sequences of EMR capabilities adoption. We believe that this study has important implications for public policy focused on enhancing health IT investments in EMR capabilities and improving quality outcomes.
Hyperbolic Utilization Bounds for Rate Monotonic Scheduling on Homogeneous Multiprocessors

The utilization bounds for partitioned multiprocessor scheduling are a function of task allocation algorithms and the schedulability conditions selected for uniprocessor scheduling algorithms. In this paper, we use rate-monotonic scheduling on each processor and present the lower and upper limits of the utilization bounds for all reasonable task allocation heuristics. Unlike previous work, the hyperbolic bound due to Bini , instead of the Liu & Layland bound, is adopted to do the schedulability test on uniprocessors. We also derive the utilization bounds with respect to the worst fit allocation algorithm and reasonable allocation decreasing heuristics, and the two bounds are found to coincide with the worst and best achievable multiprocessor utilization bounds, respectively. Analytical and experimental results show that the proposed utilization bound performs better than the existing bound under quite a lot of parameter settings, and combining these two bounds together can significantly (up to 3 times) increase the number of schedulable task sets with little extra overhead.
A change of expression in the conserved signaling gene MKK7 is associated with a selective sweep in the western house mouse Mus musculus domesticus

Changes in gene expression are known to occur between closely related species, but it is not yet clear how many of these are due to random fixation of allelic variants or due to adaptive events. In a microarray survey between subspecies of the Mus musculus complex, we identified the mitogen‐activated protein‐kinase‐kinase MKK7 as a candidate for change in gene expression. Quantitative PCR experiments with multiple individuals from each subspecies confirmed a specific and significant up‐regulation in the testis of M. m. domesticus. Northern blot analysis shows that this is due to a new transcript that is not found in other tissues, nor in M. m. musculus. A cis‐trans test via allele specific expression analysis of the MKK7 gene in F1 hybrids between domesticus and musculus shows that the expression change is mainly caused by a mutation located in cis. Nucleotide diversity was found to be significantly reduced in a window of at least 20 kb around the MKK7 locus in domesticus, indicative of a selective sweep. Because the MKK7 gene is involved in modulating a kinase signalling cascade in a stress response pathway, it seems a plausible target for adaptive differences between subspecies, although the functional role of the new testis‐specific transcripts will need to be further studied.
Orientational order of the two-dimensional hard-disk system

We report Monte Carlo results for the two-dimensional hard-disk system. Simulations were performed in the NVT ensemble with up to 65 536 disks, using a new updating scheme. We analyze the bond orientational order parameter and correlation length in the isotropic phase and the scaling behaviour of the bond orientational order parameter in the transition region. The data are consistent with predictions of the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young theory, while a first-order phase transition is unlikely and a one-stage continuous transition can be ruled out.
Discovering and Exploiting Entailment Relationships in Multi-Label Learning

This work presents a sound probabilistic method for enforcing adherence of the marginal probabilities of a multi-label model to automatically discovered deterministic relationships among labels. In particular we focus on discovering two kinds of relationships among the labels. The first one concerns pairwise positive entailement: pairs of labels, where the presence of one implies the presence of the other in all instances of a dataset. The second concerns exclusion: sets of labels that do not coexist in the same instances of the dataset. These relationships are represented with a Bayesian network. Marginal probabilities are entered as soft evidence in the network and adjusted through probabilistic inference. Our approach offers robust improvements in mean average precision compared to the standard binary relavance approach across all 12 datasets involved in our experiments. The discovery process helps interesting implicit knowledge to emerge, which could be useful in itself.
Programme Costing of a Physical Activity Programme in Primary Prevention: Should the Costs of Health Asset Assessment and Participatory Programme Development Count?

This analysis aims to discuss the implications of the “health asset concept”, introduced by the WHO, and the “investment for health model” requiring a “participatory approach” of cooperative programme development applied on a physical activity programme for socially disadvantaged women and to demonstrate the related costing issues as well as the relevant decision context. The costs of programme implementation amounted to €48,700. Adding the costs for developing the programme design of €48,800 results in total costs of €97,500; adding on top of that the costs of asset assessment running to €35,600 would total €133,100. These four different cost figures match four different types of potentially relevant decisions contexts. Depending on the decision context the total costs, and hence the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of a health promotion intervention, could differ considerably. Therefore, a detailed cost assessment and the identification of the decision context are of crucial importance.
Sample specific late fusion for saliency detection

Typically, the saliency map of an image is usually inferred by only using the information within this image. While efficient, such single-image-based methods may fail to obtain reliable results, because the information within a single image may be insufficient for defining saliency. In this paper, we propose a novel idea of learning with labeled images and adopt a new paradigm called sample specific late fusion (SSLF). To effectively explore the visual neighborhood information, we propose a semi-supervised learning technique for learning robust sample specific fusion parameters for multiply response maps of generic bottom-up saliency detectors. Different from previous methods, the proposed SSLF method integrates both middle-level image representation and unlabeled data information through an effective graph regularization framework. Extensive experiments have clearly validated its superiority over other state-of-the-art methods.
Tangemon: A New TUI To Capture Precious Moments

Humans cherish everyday precious moments and love to capture these through photographs. But one of the main constraints for capturing such instances is the use of direct devices like mobile phones or portable cameras which impedes the instantaneous moment in order to capture it. In this paper, we introduce, Tangemon, a Tangible User Interface (TUI) to capture these moments seamlessly through euphoric human gestures like toasting, act of saying cheers, bashing cans, etc. with ellipsoidal tangible inter-communicating cocktail pieces. Our system has mimicked natural cocktail garnishing citrus fruits like lemons, oranges, limes, clementine, etc. taking lemons as particular use-case example. These tangible bits act as the trigger for the omnipresent camera when they are in close proximity. A new interaction of narrative photo sharing is also explored. The project outcome is a high-fidelity working prototype.
Distributed Team Formation for Humanoid Robot Soccer

In this paper, we propose an adaptive team formation strategy for humanoid robot soccer. The proposed strategy involves distributed cooperative decisions through both communication and observations. Two agent groups, namely defenders and attackers, are formed by a case-based group formation method. Attackers are formed for constructing an attacking formation around the ball and scoring a goal whenever possible while defenders are for blocking and constructing a defensive obstacle against the opponent team. Cooperative decisions are made using communication among team members. Distribution of agents on the field is ensured by Voronoi cell construction of each agent through observations in a distributed manner. Experiments are set in the RoboCup 3D Soccer Simulation League environment where our method is compared to earlier team formation methods. The results illustrate that a distributed Voronoi cell construction method combined with a case-based grouping algorithm outperforms the others. Furthermore, it has been shown that our method is also robust to communication failures.
Designing a Mobility Solution for Fully Autonomous Welding of Double-Hull Blocks

Automating the double-hull block welding improves the shipbuilding efficiency and mitigates health risk to the welders. Due to the unique challenge posed by the internal structures, existing technologies are at most semi-autonomous. Believing that mobility is key to full autonomy, we employ mobile robot technology to transport the welding manipulator, treating the internal structures as obstacles. Though many robot designs for obstacle scaling exist, there is no selection guideline. To this end, we surveyed existing robots and came out with a taxonomy to explain the design philosophies behind them. From the survey, it is ascertained that there are two suitable philosophies: bridging and conforming. Bridging mechanisms create links between points on obstacles while conforming mechanisms have the robot’s body attuned to the surface contour of obstacles. Understanding the pros and cons, we conclude that having a hybrid mechanism with tracked arms and articulated body would be ideal for the structured environment. Subsequently, we studied the feasibility of the design in terms of configuration, geometry, kinematics, and stability. Lastly, the proposed design was tested by building a 1/3 scale prototype robot. It was made to perform the expected motions in a mock double-hull block setup. The experiment proved that the design achieves the mobility objectives of the robot. With this mobility design, we solved the most challenging issue in enabling fully autonomous welding in double-hull blocks. The taxonomy is instrumental in our design selection and could be helpful for other robot designers too.