Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Perception of Travelers on Greenhouse Gas Pricing in Seoul, Korea

ABSTRACT This study evaluates the effects of greenhouse gas pricing on the behavior of traveler mode choice. Based on a survey of stated travel preference, a multinomial mixed logit model was used to examine how travelers perceive the price of greenhouse gas and travel cost, and how travelers with different attributes react to them. Heterogeneous perceptions of travelers were observed: travelers were more sensitive to greenhouse gas price than travel cost. The analysis also showed significant distinctions between different traveler groups. Implications for greenhouse gas pricing and potential topics for future research are also discussed.
Molecular Biology of Mammalian Glucose Transporters

The oxidation of glucose represents a major source of metabolic energy for mammaliancells. However, because the plasma membrane is impermeable to polar molecules such as glucose, the cellular uptake of this important nutrient is accomplished by membrane-associated carrier proteins that bind and transfer it across the lipid bilayer. Two classes of glucose carriers have been described in mammalian cells: the Na+-glucose cotransporter and the facilitative glucose transporter. The Na+-glucose cotransporter transports glucose against its concentration gradient by coupling its uptake with the uptake of Na+ that is being transported down its concentration gradient. Facilitative glucose c rriers accelerate the transport of glucose down its concentration gradient by facilitative diffusion, a form of passive transport. cDNAs have been isolated from human tissues encoding a Na+-glucose-cotransporter protein and five functional facilitative glucosetransporter isoforms. The Na+-glucose cotransporter is expressed by absorptive epithelial cells of the small intestine and is involved in the dietary uptake of glucose. The same or a related protein may be responsible for the reabsorption of glucose by the kidney. Facilitative glucose carriers are expressed by most if not all cells. The facilitative glucose-transporter isoforms have distinct tissue distributions and biochemical properties and contribute to the precise disposal of glucose under varying physiological conditions. The GLUT1 (erythrocyte) and GLUT3 (brain) facilitative glucose-transporter isoforms may be responsible for basal or constitutive glucose uptake. The GLUT2 (liver) isoform mediates the bidirectional transport of glucose by the hepatocyte and is responsible, at least in part, for the movement of glucose out of absorptive epithelial cells into the circulation in the small intestine and kidney. This isoform may also comprise part of the glucosesensing mechanism of the insulin-producing β-cell. The subcellular localization of the GLUT4 (muscle/fat) isoform changes in response to insulin, and this isoform is responsible for most of the insulin-stimulated uptake of glucose that occurs in muscle and adipose tissue. The GLLJT5 (small intestine) facilitative glucose-transporter isoform is expressed at highest levels in the small intestine and may be involved in the transcellular transport of glucose by absorptive epithelial cells. The exon-intron organizations of the human GLUT1, GLUT2, and GLUT4 genes have been determined. In addition, the chromosomal locations of the genes encoding the Na+-dependent and facilitative glucose carriers have been determined. Restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms have also been identified at several of these loci. The isolation and characterization of cDNAs and genes for these glucose transporters will facilitate studies of their role in the pathogenesis of disorders characterized by abnormal glucose transport, including diabetes mellitus, the glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome, and benign renal glycosuria.
A novel fuzzy logic controller for STATCOM to improve power system stability

This paper presents an application of Single-input Fuzzy Logic Controller (SFLC) to determine the control signal of a Static Compensator (STATCOM) synchronous for improvement of power system stability. This compensation scheme is relevant to Flexible AC Transmission systems (FACTSs) technology which is used worldwide to improve system dynamic performance. STATCOM improves the damping of electromechanical oscillations when used in transmission systems. The SFLC uses only one input variable which is called as signed distance. The SFLC has the advantages of reduced number of rules. Thus, generation, estimation and tuning of control rules are much easier while comparing with the existing conventional Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs). The proposed control method is applied to control the AC and DC bus voltage of a STATCOM connected at a load bus in a Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) System and also to improve the power system stability.
Intragenerational mobility and the ratio of permanent to total inequality

This article provides finite sample conditions for the ratio of permanent to total inequality based on methods of Gottschalk and Moffitt (1994) to be equivalent to the Shorrocks R constructed with a Theil General Entropy Index. A simple test emerges of whether the two measures can be seen as equivalent that reveals the implicit social weighting placed on different parts of the income distribution by the Gottschalk–Moffitt methods. Using data from the PSID and the SOEP for annual income from 1984 through 2006, the condition for the two measures to be equivalent is found to be satisfied in both data sets.
Happy together, or not? Balanced perceived investment in standard and nonstandard employees

This study investigated whether the relationship between temporary employees' perceived investment in employee development and work outcomes was moderated by temporary employees' perceived investment in standard employee development (PISED). A study among 2022 Norwegian temporary employees showed that the relationship between perceived investment in temporary employee development and in-role and contextual performance was moderated by the temporary employees' PISED. These results suggest that client organizations that invest more in standard employee development will get the most of their investments in temporary employee development. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
The Influence of IT Management Sophistication and IT Support on IT Success in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises

This study examined three factors that influence information technology (IT) success in small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs): internal IT support, external IT support, and IT management. Using survey data gathered from 289 small and medium‐sized Chartered Accounting firms in New Zealand, the results suggest that IT management in SMEs is best understood as a multidimensional concept consisting of practices related to: IT planning, IT organizing, IT controlling, and IT leading. This view clarifies and improves our understanding of the nature and character of IT management in SMEs. The results show that some SMEs are significantly more sophisticated than others in terms of their IT management practices. Both IT planning and IT leading were found to influence IT success.
The Impact of CDA A79C Gene Polymorphisms on the Response and Hematologic Toxicity in Gemcitabine-Treated Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Purpose To investigate the impact of the cytidine deaminase (CDA) A79C polymorphism on both the response to gemcitabine in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and the risk of hematologic toxicities in patients bearing any kind of cancer taking gemcitabine. Methods The PubMed and Embase databases were searched from the first available article to January 2013. Eligible studies included clinical trials that contained the keywords “gemcitabine” or “cytidine deaminase” and information about response rate of NSCLC patients or hematologic toxicities in patients with any kind of cancer. Relative risk (RR) of different genotypes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results A total of 7 articles (623 patients from 6 studies) were included. The results showed that patients with wild type CDA (AA and AC) had a significantly lower rate of severe anemia than the homozygote mutant type CC (RR=0.308; 95%CI, 0.113-0.021, p=0.021). However, the rate of severe neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and the response rate were identical between different CDA genotypes. Conclusion The A79C CDA polymorphism did not show a significant impact on the response rate to gemcitabine in NSCLC patients, while the wild type CDA genotype was indeed correlated to a lower rate of incidence of severe anemia in patients taking gemcitabine.
Internal variability of Earth’s energy budget simulated by CMIP5 climate models

We analyse a large number of multi-century pre-industrial control simulations from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to investigate relationships between: net top-of-atmosphere radiation (TOA), globally averaged surface temperature (GST), and globally integrated ocean heat content (OHC) on decadal timescales. Consistent with previous studies, we find that large trends (∼0.3 K dec−1) in GST can arise from internal climate variability and that these trends are generally an unreliable indicator of TOA over the same period. In contrast, trends in total OHC explain 95% or more of the variance in TOA for two-thirds of the models analysed; emphasizing the oceans’ role as Earth’s primary energy store. Correlation of trends in total system energy (TE ≡ time integrated TOA) against trends in OHC suggests that for most models the ocean becomes the dominant term in the planetary energy budget on a timescale of about 12 months. In the context of the recent pause in global surface temperature rise, we investigate the potential importance of internal climate variability in both TOA and ocean heat rearrangement. The model simulations suggest that both factors can account for O (0.1 W m−2) on decadal timescales and may play an important role in the recently observed trends in GST and 0–700 m (and 0–1800 m) ocean heat uptake.
The impact of water conservation and intensification technologies: empirical evidence for rice farmers in Ghana.

This study employs the propensity score matching model to examine the impact of the adoption of water conservation and intensification technologies on farm output and income among small‐scale lowland rice farmers in the Northern Region of Ghana. The matching was conducted based on the Mahalanobis distance combined with the propensity score. Balancing tests by checking the mean standardized absolute bias in the matched sample were conducted as well as a sensitivity analysis was conducted to check for hidden bias due to unobservable selection. The empirical results show a positive and significant impact of the adoption of bunds technology on input demand as well as a positive but insignificant impact on output supply and net returns. Adopters of the dibbling technology were found to have higher output supply, whereas no statistically significant difference was found between the incomes of adopters and nonadopters of dibbling seed method. The results, however, reveal a positive and significant effect on output and net returns when the dibbling method is combined with intensified weeding. The estimates were found to be relatively insensitive to hidden bias.
Using mirror therapy in the home environment: a case report.

OBJECTIVE Mirror therapy (MT) is a potential intervention to improve function after stroke. How to apply this intervention in practice is not clear. This case report illustrates the feasibility and effectiveness of a self-administered home-based MT program. METHOD A home-based MT program was practiced over 5 wk. The participant was encouraged to use MT for 30 min 5×/wk. Therapist contact occurred 1×/wk to monitor performance. An independent evaluator administered three outcome measures pre- and postintervention: Upper Extremity Sensory and Pain sections of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment; Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function, and the Manual Ability Measure-20. RESULTS The participant engaged in a mean of 39.23 (±7.44) min of MT per day and used a variety of the recommended activities. Change scores indicated improvement on all of the included outcome measures. CONCLUSION This case report suggests that a predominantly self-administered home-based MT program is feasible and effective at improving function after stroke.
Identification of membrane antigen C33 recognized by monoclonal antibodies inhibitory to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-induced syncytium formation: altered glycosylation of C33 antigen in HTLV-1-positive T cells

We isolated four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), M38, M101, M104, and C33, which were capable of inhibiting syncytium formation induced in a human T-cell line, MOLT-4-#8, by coculture with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-positive human T-cell lines. The MAbs had, however, no inhibitory activity on syncytium formation induced in a human osteosarcoma line, HOS, by HTLV-1-positive T-cell lines. They also did not inhibit syncytium formation induced in MOLT-4-#8 by human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive MOLT-4. All MAbs reacted with various human cell lines of lymphoid and nonlymphoid origins, including HTLV-1-positive T-cell lines. Furthermore, they all reacted with a murine A9 clone containing human chromosome 11 fragment q23-pter. Two MAbs, M104 and C33, immunoprecipitated a membrane antigen with the same molecular size. The antigen (henceforth called C33 antigen) was about 40 to 55 kDa in HTLV-1-negative Jurkat, CEM, MOLT-4, and normal peripheral blood CD4-positive human T cells and about 40 to 75 kDa in HTLV-1-positive C91/PL, TCL-Kan, MT-2, and in fresh HTLV-1-transformed CD4-positive human T-cell lines. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that C33 antigen was synthesized as a 35-kDa precursor that was then processed to 41 to 50 kDa in MOLT-4 and to 44 to 70 kDa in C91/PL. In the presence of tunicamycin, a 28-kDa protein was synthesized. The conversion from 35 kDa to 41 to 50 kDa in MOLT-4 and to 44 to 70 kDa in C91/PL was inhibited by monensin. Treatment with N-glycanase alone, but not with sialidase and O-glycanase in combination, completely removed the sugar moiety of C33 antigen from both HTLV-1-negative Jurkat and HTLV-1-positive C91/PL. Therefore, C33 antigen has only N-linked carbohydrates, the modification of which appears to be substantially altered in the presence of the HTLV-1 genome.
Discriminative and evaluative properties of the activities-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale.

BACKGROUND Balance confidence is an important indicator of functional mobility and independence in older adults. Preliminary psychometric evidence for the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale is promising, with a series of four studies adding information on the discriminative and evaluative properties of this tool. METHODS The original validation sample was reinterviewed one year later. In the second study, the ABC was administered to 475 older adults ranging from home care clients to highly functioning individuals in community exercise programs. The third study compared 31 residents of retirement homes given a 10-week balance control exercise program and fall education with 32 residents who received only fall education. The fourth study examined balance confidence preoperatively and postoperatively for 27 patients undergoing hip or knee replacement. RESULTS ABC scores remained stable over 12 months in higher functioning elders, but deteriorated in retirement home residents over 26 weeks. Ten weeks of balance training significantly improved balance confidence, as did hip or knee replacement with standard physical therapy. ABC scores lower than 50 indicated a low level of physical functioning characteristic of home care clients. ABC scores above 50 and lower than 80 indicated a moderate level of functioning characteristic of elders in retirement homes and persons with chronic health conditions. ABC scores above 80 are indicative of highly functioning, usually physically active older adults, and are achievable through exercise and rehabilitative therapies. CONCLUSIONS. Balance confidence is amenable to change and able to distinguish between elders at various levels of functional mobility. These results provide comparative benchmarks for researchers and clinicians working with different groups of older adults.
Politics And Society In Ukraine

* Introduction: The Quadruple Transition in Ukrainian Politics and Society * The Demise of the Soviet Union and the Emergence of Independent Ukraine * Nation Building and National Identity * Religion, State, and Society * Ukraines Weak State * Politics and Civil Society * Economic Crisis and Reform * Foreign Policy: From Isolation to Engagement * Ukrainian Defense Policy and the Transformation of the Armed Forces * Conclusion: Problems and Prospects for Ukraine in the Twenty-First Century
Interdependence and Dynamic Linkages between the Emerging Stock Markets of South Asia

The present article examines the dynamic linkages between the stock markets of Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka using a temporal Granger causality approach by binding the relationship among the stock price indices within a multivariate cointegration framework. We also examine the impulse response functions. Our main finding is that in the long run, stock prices in Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka Granger-cause stock prices in Pakistan. In the short run there is unidirectional Granger causality running from stock prices in Pakistan to India, stock prices in Sri Lanka to India and from stock prices in Pakistan to Sri Lanka. Bangladesh is the most exogenous of the four markets, reflecting its small size and modest market capitalization.
A Search Interpretation of Male‐Female Wage Differentials

A general equilibrium search framework is used to examine the role of gender differences in labor market behavior patterns (e.g., quit rates for personal reasons) in determining gender wage differentials. For samples of high school and college graduates from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), these behavioral patterns are found to be significantly different across the sexes and account for 20%–30% of the wage differentials. In particular, they play a key role in explaining the male‐female wage differential that remains after controlling for the gender composition across occupations.
Tourism product and service innovation to avoid ‘strategic drift’

Dealing with change in the external environment creates substantial challenges for tourism managers. Given the complexity of strategy formulation it is difficult for managers to analyse all aspects of their environment or establish precise objectives, consequently business strategies tend to be characterised by small strategic adjustments or ‘incrementalism’. However, these marginal adjustments of strategy within an organisation's existing culture may lead to strategic drift reflecting strategies that are inconsistent with changes taking place in the external environment. The paper begins with a brief overview of the global trends that comprise the remote environment of tourism organisations. It argues that the standard response of tourism organisations to changes in the remote environment can be characterised as ‘strategic incrementalism’. The paper also addresses the concern that strategic incrementalism can give rise to ‘strategic drift’. In the face of changing global trends the paper explores some of the barriers that must be overcome, discussing seven areas of importance on which managers can focus to assist them to avoid strategic drift. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pricing European and Barrier Options in the Fractional Black-Scholes Market

The aim of this paper is to obtain the valuation formulas for European and barrier options if the underlying of the option contract is supposed to be driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter greater than 0.5. The paper is build upon the framework developed in Necula (2007) for the valuation of derivative products in the fractional Black-Scholes market. We also obtain a reflection principle for the fractional Brownian motion.
Mean-reversion properties of implied volatilities

In this paper, we present a new stylized fact for options whose underlying asset is a stock index. Extracting implied volatility time series from call and put options on the Deutscher Aktien index (DAX) and financial times stock exchange index (FTSE), we show that the persistence of these volatilities depends on the moneyness of the options used for its computation. Using a functional autoregressive model, we show that this effect is statistically significant. Surprisingly, we show that the diffusion-based stochastic volatility models are not consistent with this stylized fact. Finally, we argue that adding jumps to a diffusion-based volatility model help recovering this volatility pattern. This suggests that the persistence of implied volatilities can be related to the tails of the underlying volatility process: this corroborates the intuition that the liquidity of the options across moneynesses introduces an additional risk factor to the one usually considered.
Economic Evaluation of Dissemination of High Temperature-Tolerant Rice in Japan Using a Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model

This paper uses the dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model to evaluate the economic impact of technologies developed to foster adaptation to climate change in domestic rice production, related food industries, and economic welfare in Japan, where high temperatures in 2010 led to rice quality deteriorating and other serious problems over and above a mere decline in output. Three scenarios were simulated: one without temperature change, one with temperature change but rice cultivars unchanged, and one with both an increase in temperature and the adoption of high temperature-tolerant rice varieties. Our simulations indicate that new rice cultivars with high temperature tolerance would reduce economic welfare losses from 264 to 118 billion yen during the simulation period. Paddy-rice farming production increased because product prices increased. Farming inputs also rose correspondingly, triggering an increase in agricultural land rents. Non-agricultural household and small-scale paddy rice-growing household suffered welfare loss. Conversely, mediumand large-scale paddy rice-growing and other farming households saw their welfare boosted. These differences were attributable to the impact of changes in agricultural land rents to their total income. All impacts, not only on economic welfare but also production in the case with new cultivars of high temperature-tolerant rice were smaller than in the those without such cultivars, which indicates that adopting new adaptive technologies eases the economic impact of a warmer climate.
On the error probability of linearly modulated signals on Rayleigh frequency-flat fading channels

Consideration is given to optimal detection of linearly modulated signals subject to multiplicative Rayleigh-distributed distortion and additive white Gaussian noise. For coherent detection, regenerated amplitude and phase references are employed at the receiver to compensate for amplitude and phase deviations from the correct values. A system model is formulated under the assumption of perfect symbol timing and in the absence of intersymbol interference, producing a final additive noise term, applied just before the detection, which contains the effects of the original additive and multiplicative distortions and of the errors in the phase and amplitude references. By determining the probability density function of this final noise term for arbitrary types of linear modulation, it is possible to perform exact calculations of error probabilities. >