Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“I Didn’t Do That!” Event Valence and Child Age Influence Adults’ Discernment of Preschoolers’ True and False Statements

Justice can hinge on adults’ abilities to distinguish accurate from inaccurate child testimony. Yet relatively little is known about factors that affect adults’ abilities to determine the accuracy of children’s eyewitness reports. In this study, adults (N = 108) viewed videoclips of 3- and 5-year-olds answering open-ended and leading questions about positive and negative actually experienced (“true”) events or never experienced (“false”) events that the children either affirmed or denied. Analyses revealed that adults were more accurate at determining the veracity of negative compared with positive incidents, particularly when children said that they had experienced the event. Moreover, adults’ accuracy was at chance for older children’s false denials. Psycholegal implications are discussed.
THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: BEAM MEASUREMENTS AND THE MICROWAVE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES OF URANUS AND SATURN

We describe the measurement of the beam profiles and window functions for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), which operated from 2007 to 2010 with kilopixel bolometer arrays centered at 148, 218, and 277 GHz. Maps of Saturn are used to measure the beam shape in each array and for each season of observations. Radial profiles are transformed to Fourier space in a way that preserves the spatial correlations in the beam uncertainty to derive window functions relevant for angular power spectrum analysis. Several corrections are applied to the resulting beam transforms, including an empirical correction measured from the final cosmic microwave background (CMB) survey maps to account for the effects of mild pointing variation and alignment errors. Observations of Uranus made regularly throughout each observing season are used to measure the effects of atmospheric opacity and to monitor deviations in telescope focus over the season. Using the WMAP-based calibration of the ACT maps to the CMB blackbody, we obtain precise measurements of the brightness temperatures of the Uranus and Saturn disks at effective frequencies of 149 and 219 GHz. For Uranus we obtain thermodynamic brightness temperatures 106.7 ± 2.2 K and 100.1 ± 3.1 K. For Saturn, we model the effects of the ring opacity and emission using a simple model and obtain resulting (unobscured) disk temperatures of 137.3 ± 3.2 K and 137.3 ± 4.7 K.
Modified weighted-density-functional theory of nonuniform classical liquids.

A new formulation of the weighted-density approximation (WDA), as currently applied in the theory of nonuniform classical liquids, is presented. This modified weighted-density approximation retains a key feature of the original approximation by including correlations, at least approximately, to all orders in the functional expansion of the excess free energy. It continues to require as input only the two-particle direct correlation function of the uniform liquid. In contrast to the original WDA, however, practical implementation of the modified WDA demands considerably less computational e6ort. When applied to the freezing of the hard-sphere liquid, the results obtained previously with the original WDA, already in good agreement with simulation, are reproduced quite accurately. It is concluded that in its new formulation the WDA is now just as simple to implement as the widely used Ramakrishnan-Yussouff' theory. But as with the original WDA the new formulation more accurately describes the freezing of hard spheres and is more soundly based in the sense of including correlations to all orders.
Comparison of RBFN and fuzzy based STATCOM controllers for transient stability improvement

This paper presents the comparative performance of radial basis function network (RBFN) and fuzzy logic controlled voltage source converters (VSC) based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) in terms of increase in power handling capacity of the line, improvements in transient stability and damping of oscillations in the single machine infinite bus system (SMIB) and multi-machine system. The PI, RBFN and fuzzy logic based controllers are designed to coordinate local measurable control inputs to STATCOM. The damping schemes namely,(i) power oscillation damping (POD) control, and (ii)conventional power system stabilizer (PSS) are tuned to coordinate with proposed controllers for further improvement in damping performance of the system . The coordinated action of POD & PSS are included in simulation. The results indicate that the proposed intelligent controllers are capable of exploring advantageous feature of STATCOM.
Technology make-or-buy decisions in the german industry: Criteria, methods and organization

Because of limited resources and inherent risks, companies tend to develop not all technologies by themselves. There are alternatives to internal development i.e. company acquisition or contract development. To have a decision basis for one of these alternatives it is necessary to evaluate those in the context of the company. The decision about internal or external acquisition of technologies is part of the technology strategy which is closely connected to the firm's competitive and market entry strategy. Our study addresses the connection between the technology acquisition decision and the company's technological market entry and competitive strategy. The quantitative explanatory study in the German industry shows that there are some notable differences between companies with cost leadership and differentiation strategy. Differentiators more often used joint research and patent or technology purchasing and involve more often the legal department in the decision process. Pioneers, compared to followers, involve more internal stakeholders in the decision process, e.g. corporate management, R&D and the legal department. Furthermore, they tend to source technology externally more often using joint research approaches.
Transmembrane and Extracellular Domains of Syndecan-1 Have Distinct Functions in Regulating Lung Epithelial Migration and Adhesion*

Background: Syndecan-1 regulates migration and adhesion in the lung epithelium. Results: The transmembrane domain modulates focal adhesion disassembly, whereas the extracellular domain regulates cell adhesion. Conclusion: Lung epithelial migration is governed by the syndecan-1 transmembrane domain and is independent of the extracellular domain control of cell adhesion. Significance: Syndecan-1 is a receptor that uses multiple domains to facilitate its biological function. Syndecan-1 is a cell surface proteoglycan that can organize co-receptors into a multimeric complex to transduce intracellular signals. The syndecan-1 core protein has multiple domains that confer distinct cell- and tissue-specific functions. Indeed, the extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains have all been found to regulate specific cellular processes. Our previous work demonstrated that syndecan-1 controls lung epithelial migration and adhesion. Here, we identified the necessary domains of the syndecan-1 core protein that modulate its function in lung epithelial repair. We found that the syndecan-1 transmembrane domain has a regulatory function in controlling focal adhesion disassembly, which in turn controls cell migration speed. In contrast, the extracellular domain facilitates cell adhesion through affinity modulation of α2β1 integrin. These findings highlight the fact that syndecan-1 is a multidimensional cell surface receptor that has several regulatory domains to control various biological processes. In particular, the lung epithelium requires the syndecan-1 transmembrane domain to govern cell migration and is independent from its ability to control cell adhesion via the extracellular domain.
Underwater stereo data acquisition and 3D registration with a spectral method

An underwater stereo camera system is presented that is an initial development towards an online 3D mapping system, i.e., that can generate 3D maps of underwater sites in real time during the mission. The system consists of according hardware in form of a stereo camera plus an onboard computer in an underwater housing plus a software side for the processing. A core software component in the system is Spectral Registration with Multilayer Resampling (SRMR) as a 6 Degrees Of Freedom (DOF) registration method for noisy 3D data with partial overlap. Initial results from a first field test off the island of Faial in the Azores are presented.
Molecular cloning and gonadotropin-releasing hormone regulation of receptor activated for C protein kinase (RACK) in tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus

A receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK) cDNA in the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) was cloned by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), and it was compared with other vertebrates. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the full length of cDNA (1109 bp) cloned encompasses 954 bp open reading frame encoding 317 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence shares 95–99% identity with the teleosts and 77–95% compared with other vertebrates. Like most RACK sequences in other vertebrates, seven repeats of the WD-40 motif are well-conserved in the sequence of the tilapia. Further, the effectiveness of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulation of RACK LH, and FSH gene expression was further investigated by a single injection of salmon GnRH (sGnRH) and chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II). The results showed that injection of tilapia brain with either sGnRH or cGnRH-II significantly increased mRNA levels of RACK, which then stimulate LH and FSH. This result suggests that RACK and protein kinase C (PKC) are involved in GnRH-mediated gonadotropin hormone (GtH) release. In addition, cGnRH-II enhanced the FSH and LH mRNA as well as sGnRH expression levels in tilapia; these results further demonstrate that both sGnRH and cGnRH regulate GtH through PKC.
Evidence for Effects of Insulin on Sensory Processing in Humans

Systemic insulin passes the blood-brain barrier and insulin receptors have been detected in various brain regions. Yet, the biological significance of insulin acting on the brain remains rather unclear. Reports of different awareness of hypoglycemic symptoms during hypoglycemia induced by human insulin (HI) and porcine insulin (PI) suggest a modulatory influence of insulin on sensory processing. In a double-blind, within-subject, crossover comparison, we recorded visual-evoked potentials (VEP) in 30 healthy men during euglycemia and after 20 or 50 min of constant hypoglycemia of 2.66 mM (47.9 mg/dl) induced by HI and PI. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were identical in both sessions. Hypoglycemia reduced amplitudes of the VEP components P1 and N2 and increased latencies of N1, P1, and N2. However, hypoglycemia-induced changes in VEP amplitudes and latencies were significantly stronger during PI and HI infusion: P1-N2 difference amplitude decreased from (mean ± SE) 11.9 ± 0.9 to 10.7 ± 0.8 μV during HI and from 12.4 ± 0.9 to 8.7 ± 0.7 μV during PI infusion (P < 0.002). P1 latency increased from 112.0 ± 3.2 to 118.8 ± 3.2 ms during HI and from 114.0 ± 3.3 to 126.3 ± 4.6 ms during PI infusion (P < 0.05). Differences between the effects of the insulins were consistently apparent after 20 min of hypoglycemia, which indicates a short-term action of the hormone. The results add to those of a foregoing study demonstrating differential effects of HI- and PI-induced hypoglycemia on auditory evoked potentials. The changes in sensory processing during hypoglycemia, depending on the type of insulin, suggest a direct modulation of these brain functions by insulin.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three Border Disease Virus Strains of the Same Subgenotype, BDSwiss, Isolated from Sheep, Cattle, and Pigs in Switzerland

ABSTRACT We report here the complete genome sequences of three border disease virus (BDV) strains of the same subgenotype isolated in Switzerland from a sheep, a cow, and a pig, respectively. This is the first report of full-length sequences of a tentatively new subgenotype isolated from three different species of cloven-hoofed farm animals.
Hip Pathology in the Adolescent Athlete

Abstract Hip injuries in young athletes are being diagnosed with increasing frequency. Improvements in diagnostic imaging and surgical technologies have helped facilitate the diagnosis of intra‐ and extra‐articular derangements that were previously untreated in this age group. Athletic injuries of the hip in the young athlete encompass both osseous and soft‐tissue etiologies, which can be the result of a single traumatic event or repetitive microtrauma or may be associated with an underlying pediatric hip disorder. Without accurate diagnosis and management, these injuries may result in debilitating consequences. This article will review the more common causes of hip and groin pain in the adolescent athlete, as well as advances in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
beta-Lactamases among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-resistant Salmonella from poultry, poultry products and human patients in The Netherlands.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this work was to study the genetic determinants responsible for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) resistance of Salmonella isolated from Dutch poultry, poultry meat and hospitalized humans. METHODS Thirty-four ESBL-resistant Salmonella isolates from The Netherlands were tested towards 21 antimicrobial agents. PCR and sequencing were used to determine the underlying genetic determinants responsible for the ESBL phenotypes. The transferability of the ESBL phenotypes was tested by conjugation to a susceptible Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin and plasmid purification, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were employed to further characterize a subset of the isolates. RESULTS A great genetic diversity was seen among the isolates. The bla(TEM-52) gene was most predominant and was found among Salmonella enterica serovars Blockley, Thomson, London, Enteritidis phage type 14b, Paratyphi B, Virchow and Typhimurium phage types 11 and 507. We also found the bla(TEM-20) gene in S. Paratyphi B var. Java and the bla(TEM-63) gene in S. Isangi. Furthermore, we detected the bla(CTX-M-28) gene in S. Isangi and the bla(CTX-M-3) gene in S. Typhimurium phage type 507. The bla(CTX-M-2) gene was identified in S. Virchow, which also contained a copy of the bla(SHV-2) gene and a copy of the bla(TEM-1) gene. The bla(SHV-12) gene was found alone in S. Concord and together with the bla(TEM-52) gene in S. Typhimurium. Finally, the bla(ACC-1) gene was cloned from a S. Bareilly isolate and was found to be present on indistinguishable plasmids in all S. Bareilly isolates examined as well as in a S. Braenderup isolate and a S. Infantis isolate. CONCLUSIONS Our data underscore the diversity of ESBL genes in Salmonella enterica isolated from animals, food products and human patients.
Determination of optimal drying period in wet to dry weight ratio measurement.

e-mail: yeginsu@hotmail.com Gravimetric methods are simple and reliable for evaluating the lung edema in ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury models (1). Wet to dry weight ratio (WDR) is the most frequently used gravimetric method in the literature. To determine WDR, the whole lung, lobes, or segments of peripheral lung are weighed after initial removal and dried in an oven at a constant temperature for a period (1). This drying period is not clear and ranges from 24 hours to two weeks in the literature (1-3). Our purpose was to determine the optimal drying period for this method in IR induced rat lung edema model.
Fitness landscapes emerging from pharmacodynamic functions in the evolution of multidrug resistance

Adaptive evolution often involves beneficial mutations at more than one locus. In this case, the trajectory and rate of adaptation is determined by the underlying fitness landscape, that is, the fitness values and mutational connectivity of all genotypes under consideration. Drug resistance, especially resistance to multiple drugs simultaneously, is also often conferred by mutations at several loci so that the concept of fitness landscapes becomes important. However, fitness landscapes underlying drug resistance are not static but dependent on drug concentrations, which means they are influenced by the pharmacodynamics of the drugs administered. Here, I present a mathematical framework for fitness landscapes of multidrug resistance based on Hill functions describing how drug concentrations affect fitness. I demonstrate that these ‘pharmacodynamic fitness landscapes’ are characterized by pervasive epistasis that arises through (i) fitness costs of resistance (even when these costs are additive), (ii) nonspecificity of resistance mutations to drugs, in particular cross‐resistance, and (iii) drug interactions (both synergistic and antagonistic). In the latter case, reciprocal drug suppression may even lead to reciprocal sign epistasis, so that the doubly resistant genotype occupies a local fitness peak that may be difficult to access by evolution. Simulations exploring the evolutionary dynamics on some pharmacodynamic fitness landscapes with both constant and changing drug concentrations confirm the crucial role of epistasis in determining the rate of multidrug resistance evolution.
A longitudinal study of ventricular volume in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

The specific aim of this study was to determine whether progressive brain atrophy could be detected within 18 months of establishing a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Fifteen patients with clinically definite RRMS (mean disease duration from first symptom=6 months, mean EDSS=1.2) completed 6-14 monthly quantitative MRI sessions. The volume of the lateral ventricles was determined each month using a semi-automated thresholding technique from T1-weighted axial images. The number of new monthly gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions and EDSS scores were also recorded. Lateral ventricular volumes increased significantly during this study. When individual data were examined, statistically significant changes were observed in six of 15 patients. Monthly change in ventricular volume was related to baseline EDSS and total number of new Gd+ lesions. These observations indicate brain atrophy, a putative imaging marker of diffuse demyelination and axonal loss, can occur as early as 18 months after first symptons of RRMS, and is related to the baseline level of disability and to the number of new Gd+ lesions.
Remodeling of autologous saphenous vein grafts. The role of perivascular myofibroblasts.

BACKGROUND Aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) undergo structural changes that render them susceptible to atherosclerosis. Accordingly, the origin of neointimal hyperplasia-was examined in porcine arterialized SVGs to determine the mechanism of vein graft remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS At 2 to 4 days after surgery, the percentage of cells lacking differentiation markers characteristic for smooth muscle (SM) cells (ie, alpha-SM actin, desmin, and SM myosin) increased within the media of SVGs interposed in the carotid arteries (P < .001). At 7 to 14 days, these cells acquired a differentiated phenotype (ie, alpha-SM-actin positive/ variable desmin/SM-myosin negative) and accumulated in the neointima. At 3 months, the neointima was positive for alpha-SM actin but mostly negative for desmin, which contrasted with medial SMCs that were invariably positive for alpha-SM actin, desmin, and SM myosin. To determine the role of nonmuscle cells in the above process, perivascular wound fibroblasts were selectively labeled and found to translocate through the media of newly placed SVGs, contributing to neointimal formation. These migrating cells differentiated to myofibroblasts exhibiting sustained alpha-SM-actin expression. The intima of human SVGs, retrieved during repeat aortocoronary bypass surgery, exhibited the profile of cytoskeletal proteins that resembled myofibroblasts seen in porcine SVGs. CONCLUSIONS Perivascular fibroblasts may infiltrate injured media of arterialized SVGs, differentiate to myofibroblasts (acquiring alpha-SM actin), and contribute to vein graft remodeling. The similarities between porcine and human SVGs regarding the repertoire of cytoskeletal proteins suggest the involvement of myofibroblasts in graft remodeling in the clinical setting.
Data Quality and Knowledge/Information Management in Service Operations Management: Regional Supermarket Case Study

The concepts of managing data quality assurance by promoting proper safeguards to manage data quality, employee buy-in, and support from top management were illustrated in a case study of Giant Eagle, one of the largest, privately owned and family-operated companies in the U.S. and regional headquartered in Pittsburgh, PA. Specific aspects of data quality assurance, types of access, application examples (especially with its loyalty-card collection and data-mining uses that allow customers to accumulate savings specials and rewards through the fuelperks! â„¢ and foodperks! â„¢ incentive programs), as well as requirements for entry into knowledge-management systems were discussed through the paper. There are significant benefits, costs, and potential risks for maintaining reliable corporate data, and many organizations do not display the appropriate attitude about ensuring high-quality data, as some management may accept data errors as a cost of doing business. This present study documents the success of high volume, low profit margin grocery-based business that hinges on quality driven in product accuracy, data management, and service levels.
Ascending-Price Progressive Spectrum Auction for Cognitive Radio Networks With Power-Constrained Multiradio Secondary Users

In this paper, we investigate spectrum sharing with power-constrained multiradio secondary users (SUs) in cognitive radio networks. The scenario under consideration consists of a primary spectrum owner who runs auctions for leasing her idle channels and multiple SU bidding for winning the usage of spectrum channels. Different from existing works in the literature with an assumption of single-minded SUs, in this paper, SUs can benefit from flexible quantity of channels. In addition, since each SU is ordinarily equipped with a fixed number of radios, she cannot utilize the amount of channels that exceed her radio capacity. Moreover, each SU has a certain power limitation so that the quality of service (QoS) of her transmission may also be constrained, even though the number of allocated channels is increased. To jointly address all these challenges, a novel ascending-price progressive auction algorithm is proposed, where the spectrum allocation decisions are made by gradually increasing the unit channel price. Theoretical analyses prove that the proposed algorithm meets the properties of QoS satisfaction, individual rationality, and incentive compatibility and achieves Pareto optimality. Simulation results further demonstrate that the proposed auction algorithm can improve both the auction revenue and the social welfare, and increase the number of winning SUs compared to the counterparts.