Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embryonic Expression of the Myelin Basic Protein Gene: Identification of a Promoter Region That Targets Transgene Expression to Pioneer Neurons

The myelin basic protein (MBP) gene produces two families of structurally related proteins from three different promoters—the golli products, generated from the most upstream promoter, and the MBPs, produced from the two downstream promoters. In this report we describe the expression of golli proteins within some of the earliest neuronal populations of the brain, including Cajal–Retzius cells and preplate neurons of the forebrain, representing a new marker for these cells. To identify elements responsible for neuronal expression of the golli products, we generated transgenic animals from constructs containing different portions of the upstream promoter. A construct containing 1.1 kb immediately upstream of the golli transcription start site targeted expression of β-galactosidase to preplate neurons and a subset of Cajal–Retzius cells in transgenic mice—the first reported genetic element to target expression to these pioneer cortical populations. Although expression in Cajal–Retzius cells declined with embryonic development, preplate cells continued to express the transgene after arriving at their final destination in the subplate. Interestingly, expression persisted in subplate neurons found within a distinct layer between the white matter and cortical layer VI well into postnatal life. Birth dating studies with bromodeoxyuridine indicated that these neurons were born between E10.5 and E12.5. Thus, the transgene marked subplate neurons from their birth, providing a fate marker for these cells. This work suggests a role for the MBP gene in the early developing brain long before myelination and especially in the pioneer cortical neurons important in the formation of the cortical layers.
A temporal expression recognition system for medical documents by

A bottleneck for medical domain Temporal Expression Recognition (TER) is the availability of data. An open-domain TER system may not be able to capture domain-speciﬁc expressions, while domain-speciﬁc TER may be cumbersome to implement. We present a novel neural network based medical TER sys-tem that uses corpora from news and medical domains. Thus, it serves as a middle ground between an open-domain and a domain-speciﬁc TER. We show that our system outperforms state-of-art open-domain baselines, and gets close to domain-speciﬁc skylines. Thus, our sys-tem proves to be a promising alternative for domain speciﬁc TER for domains where data may be limited.
Online strategy for scheduling a hydroelectric station during flood season

This paper explores the scheduling of hydroelectric station during the flood season when the flood is hard to predict. Specifically, how to regulate the capacity of reservoir during the flood season to decrease the loss and maintain the generation efficiency from hydroelectric station will be elaborated in present work. In order to achieve this objective, online algorithm will be applied here to analyze optimal strategy, which manages the reservoir scheduling in terms of online strategy and competitive analysis. We give the online strategy LLS-algorithm with a competitive ratio cLLS, and analyze the properties of algorithms. Then the evidences from Ankang reservoir are collected to test the competitive ratio of online strategy. The LLS-algorithm effectively reduces the total loss of hydroelectric station during flood season. The model and results of the study have guiding significance and reference value for decision makers facing the similar situation.
Nitric oxide synthases in mammals.

Nitric oxide is an inorganic free radical gas, of formula *N=O (abbreviated as NO). The discovery in 1987/88 that vascular endothelial cells are able to synthesize NO from L-arginine as a transcellular signal [1-4] was initially received by most biologists with considerable scepticism. By now, however, the existence of the L-arginine:NO pathway has been thoroughly documented and its relevance in biology is slowly being unravelled. All of this has led to the appearance of a new and vigorous field of research, as evidenced by the increasing number of publications relating to NO and NO synthases (Figure 1). This review will describe the known biochemical mechanisms involved in the synthesis of NO from L-arginine by the NO synthases and will also describe the nature of these enzymes, their inhibition and their molecular characteristics. For more extensive reviews about the biological roles of NO, see [5-7].
Interactive TV: An Effective Instructional Mode for Adult Learners.

The inclusion of interactive television (iTV) programs for learning is an emerging genre in education. Literature has concluded that any aspect of learning requires some form of interaction or feedback to be most effective. As television (TV) evolves from being a passive to an active medium, it has the potential to engage learners and reach a mass audience on a scale much larger than traditional education and training. The term digital TV refers to the distribution and transmission of audio and video digitally to its destination. Interactive digital TV (iTV) means that control moves away from the broadcaster and network and is placed directly in the hands of the potential consumer. ITV programs are TV programs with new forms of engaging educational content enhanced with interactivity. In this paper, iTV instruction refers to any learning utilizing iTV programs. iTV learning is a type of learning that utilizes interactive TV or similar screen-based devices. Video-rich content is delivered via one or a number of different platforms. iTV is not learning with a personal computer as elearning is recognized today. Adult learners are typically considered to be people older than the age required for compulsory school attendance. The changing life course of adults is closely related to lifelong learning. Demographers conceptualize the life course as the regularized patterns of transitions and roles that individuals experience as they age. The life course norm has shifted from generally routine and predictable transitions (e.g., from student to worker, from spouse to parent) to one in which lives are more “disorderly” and people hold a variety of roles (Lifelong Learning NCES Task Force, p. 59; Rindfuss, 1991). The purpose of this paper is twofold: to identify why iTV is an effective instructional mode for adult learners and to promote the integration of iTV instruction into lifelong learning and adult education. The popularity of iTV in Europe and the potential of iTV in the United States is introduced first. The theoretical framework that supports the effects of iTV for learning is discussed. Identified later are the reasons why adults want to learn and the forces that influence adults to learn. The potential and benefits of iTV instruction for adult learners will also be addressed. The challenges of such instruction are identified. Finally, conclusions on the importance and potential of iTV instruction for future adult education are presented.
Class sequential rules for emotion extraction from text

Theme of the paper is to develop automatic natural language processing system for extraction of emotions from text. Class Sequential Rules (CSR) are applied for obtaining the patterns. Algorithm developed is dataset independent. Proposed system has been evaluated with popular datasets and results of the proposed system has been compared with existing research work. Experiments found that datasets having high emotive contains and high annotator agreement can have better accuracy of emotion classification.
Internal Link Prediction in Early Stage using External Network

Modern E-commerce recommendation systems use copurchase history to increase user conversion and engagement. However, without sufficient purchase history, analysis with co-purchase recommendation is difficult, and involves cold-start issue in practice. In this project, we are motivated to explore ways to utilize the IMDB casting network to enhance the Amazon co-purchase network inference in cold-start and early post cold-start stage with insufficient purchase history. To tackle cold-start issue, we perform a multi-start supervised random walk over external network, derived from IMDB casting network. We then augment the external network by adding internal network edges and rank new candidates based on proximity features ensemble with cold-start results. Our methods outperform the conventional benchmark models in both cold-start and early post cold-start stages and prove external network to be extremely useful in early stage link inference. (**Note we are not challenging the state-of-the-art link prediction methodologies but to investigate brand-new ways of tackling cold-start and early stage internal link prediction using external network.**)
Savers Potato Germplasm Collection : Using phenotype and SSR analysis to characterize heritage Solanum spp . diversity ex situ

The potato Solanum tuberosum L. tuberosum is the third most important crop plant in the world and is expected to become increasingly important in the face of climate change and increasing population pressures on the food system. In order for breeders to overcome the projected challenges, there will need to be increased utilization of exotic germplasm resources for improving potato varieties; characterization of these resources, however, has been problematic due to the sheer number of genebank accessions. Seed Savers Exchange is a 501(c)3 non-profit genebank operating out of Decorah, IA, and focused on conserving and promoting America's culturally diverse food crop heritage. Their potato collection contains over 500 heirloom potato varieties from throughout the U.S. This thesis project focuses on the phenotypic and genetic characterization of this collection as commissioned by Seed Savers Exchange. A brief overview of the history potato diversity and the role of germplasm collections in conserving and promoting agrobiodiversity precedes the results of phenotypic characterization of 258 varieties of the Seed Savers Collection. Optimization of a protocol for genetic characterization of this collection is still in process. Introduction: The potato (Solanum tuberosum L. tuberosum) is the third most important food crop worldwide The potato is only expected to become increasingly important as increasing global populations place greater stress upon the food system. For instance, China is the world's largest producer and consumer of potato and plans to achieve 50% of the increased food production necessary to support its growing population in the next 20 years from potato (CIP 2014). In order to achieve the increased yield goals in China as well as elsewhere, breeding programs will need to pursue the goals of increasing yield through improved genetics of potato, an elusive outcome over the past 100 years (Douches 1996) while combatting the potential threats to increased yields such as climate change (Hijmans 2003, Schafeitner et al. 2011) and increasing pesticide resistance among potato pests (Walters et al. 2013). Such breeding efforts will require efficient exploration and utilization of available genetic resources for potato. Solanum tuberosum has more related cultivated and wild species than any other crop plant with over 200 related wild species and 8 closely related cultivated cultivar groups More than this, there are over 4300 varieties of cultivated potatoes (CIP 2013). Despite this apparent diversity, until relatively recently the diversity of cultivated potatoes in much of the world had been extremely poor. Only three …
Simulated patients in audiology education: student reports.

BACKGROUND Despite increased attention in recent years to audiology counseling education, students remain concerned about their abilities to interact with patients in challenging situations, such as when breaking difficult news. Simulated patients, or actors trained to portray patients in clinical scenarios, have been used for many years in medical schools to teach and assess students' interpersonal skills, and are just beginning to be used in audiology programs. Although research suggests that medical students value simulated patient experiences, little is known about whether the same is true for audiology students. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to survey audiology students who had completed a simulated patient counseling experience as part of their graduate coursework at Central Michigan University, to learn about their experiences and views of this instructional format. RESEARCH DESIGN This study used descriptive and comparative statistics to report student observations and to determine if student responses to evaluative questions differed from chance. STUDY SAMPLE Study participants included 29 audiology students who had completed a "breaking difficult news" simulated patient experience as part of their required graduate coursework in patient counseling. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Participants completed an online survey that included seven evaluative five-point Likert-scale questions about their simulated patient counseling experience. Participants also completed one multiple-choice question on suggestions for future simulated-patient sessions. RESULTS For each of the seven evaluative questions, a majority of participants (76-100%) responded positively, agreeing or strongly agreeing that the experience was helpful to their learning. For each of these evaluative questions, a χ² analysis revealed that the distribution of positive (i.e., strongly agree and agree) to nonpositive (i.e., neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree) responses differed significantly from chance (p < .0001, df = 1). The results also indicated that when asked which of several suggested clinical scenarios would be helpful for future sessions, simulations of challenging patient types (i.e., hostile, rambling, and noncommunicative patients) were supported by most (62-90%) respondents. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study are consistent with findings of medical students' positive perceptions of simulated patient experiences as well as those previously reported for audiology students. Together, these data support the continued use of simulated patients as a method of instruction for audiology counseling education for breaking difficult news, and suggest a potential value of using simulated patient interactions for training counseling skills in other clinical situations and scenarios.
Influence of Osmolytes on In Vivo Glucose Monitoring Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Diabetes mellitus and its complications are the third leading cause of death in the world, exceeded only by cardiovascular disease and cancer. Tighter monitoring and control of blood glucose could minimize complications associated with diabetes. Recently, optical coherence tomography (OCT) for noninvasive glucose monitoring was proposed and tested in vivo. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of changes in blood glucose concentration ([glu]) and sodium concentration ([Na+]) on the OCT signal. We also investigated the influence of other important analytes on the sensitivity of glucose monitoring with OCT. The experiments were carried out in anesthetized female pigs. The OCT images were acquired continuously from skin, while [glu] and [Na+] were experimentally varied within their physiological ranges. Correlations of the OCT signal slope with [glu] and [Na+] were studied at different tissue depths. The tissue area probed with OCT was marked and cut for histological examination. The correlation of blood [glu] and [Na+] with the OCT signal slope was observed in separate tissue layers. On average, equimolar changes in [glu] produced 2.26 ± 1.15 greater alterations of the OCT signal slope than changes in [Na+]. Variation of concentrations of other analytes did not Influence the OCT signal slope. The influence of [Na+] on relative changes in the OCT signal slope was generally less than [glu]-induced changes. OCT is a promising method for noninvasive glucose monitoring because of its ability to track the influence of changing [glu] on individual tissue layers.
Mitotic and meiotic stability of linear plasmids in yeast.

Circular recombinant DNA plasmids that contain autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs) are maintained in extrachromosomal form in transformed yeast cells. However, these plasmids are unstable, being rapidly lost from cells growing without selection. Although the stability of such a plasmid can be increased by the presence of yeast centromere DNA (CEN), even CEN plasmids are lost at a high rate compared to a bona fide yeast chromosome. Natural yeast chromosomes are linear molecules; therefore, we have asked if linearization can improve the stability of recombinant DNA plasmids. Linear plasmids with and without yeast CENs were constructed in vitro by using termini from the extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila as "telomeres. " These linear plasmids transformed yeast at high frequency and were maintained as linear extrachromosomal molecules during mitotic growth. Moreover, linear plasmids containing CENs were also transmitted through meiosis: these plasmids segregate predominantly 2+:2- at the first meiotic division, indicating that Tetrahymena rDNA termini can provide telomere function during yeast meiosis. Linear plasmids without CENs were about as stable in mitosis as the comparable circular plasmid. Thus, the Tetrahymena rDNA termini have no marked positive or negative effect on the mitotic stability of ARS plasmids. However, linear plasmids containing CENs are three to four times less stable in mitotic cells than circular CEN plasmids. This decrease in stability is not due to a functional change in the centromere itself; rather, linearization of a CEN plasmid has a direct detrimental effect on its mitotic stability. These results may reflect the existence of spatial constraints on the positions of centromeres and telomeres, constraints which must be satisfied to achieve stable segregation of chromosomes during mitosis.
Digitally Enhanced Software-Defined Radio Receiver Robust to Out-of-Band Interference

A software-defined radio (SDR) receiver with improved robustness to out-of-band interference (OBI) is presented. Two main challenges are identified for an OBI-robust SDR receiver: out-of-band nonlinearity and harmonic mixing. Voltage gain at RF is avoided, and instead realized at baseband in combination with low-pass filtering to mitigate blockers and improve out-of-band IIP3. Two alternative ¿iterative¿ harmonic-rejection (HR) techniques are presented to achieve high HR robust to mismatch: a) an analog two-stage polyphase HR concept, which enhances the HR to more than 60 dB; b) a digital adaptive interference cancelling (AIC) technique, which can suppress one dominating harmonic by at least 80 dB. An accurate multiphase clock generator is presented for a mismatch-robust HR. A proof-of-concept receiver is implemented in 65 nm CMOS. Measurements show 34 dB gain, 4 dB NF, and + 3.5 dBm in-band IIP3 while the out-of-band IIP3 is +16 dBm without fine tuning. The measured RF bandwidth is up to 6 GHz and the 8-phase LO works up to 0.9 GHz (master clock up to 7.2 GHz). At 0.8 GHz LO, the analog two-stage polyphase HR achieves a second to sixth order HR > 60 dB over 40 chips, while the digital AIC technique achieves HR > 80 dB for the dominating harmonic. The total power consumption is 50 mA from a 1.2 V supply.
Operations Management in Apparel Retailing: Processes, Frameworks and Optimization

Apparel retailing is a large industry that requires managing simple yet highly uncertain and time-sensitive processes. Operations management frameworks can help in taking good design, production and distribution decisions quickly, using all the available information. Indeed, the success of �fast-fashion� retailers such as Zara is built on the use of simple principles that allow these companies to react to rapid changes in market conditions. In this article, we review the decision models at the basis of the current best practices.
Usable Security and E-Banking: ease of use vis-a-vis security

Electronic banking must be secure and easy to use. An evaluation of six Danish web-based electronic banking systems indicates that the systems have serious weaknesses with respect to ease of use. Our analysis of the weaknesses suggests that security requirements are among their causes and that the weaknesses may in turn cause decreased security. We view the conflict between ease of use and security in the context of usable security, a concept that is intended to match security principles and demands against user knowledge and motivation. Automation, instruction, and understanding can be identified as different approaches to usable security. Instruction is the main approach of the systems evaluated; automation relieves the user from involvement in security, as far as possible; and understanding goes beyond step-by-step instructions, to enable users to act competently and safely in situations that transcend preconceived instructions. We discuss the pros and cons of automation and understanding as alternative approaches to the design of web-based e-banking systems.
Finding Unexpected Navigation Behaviour in Clickstream Data for Website Design Improvement

This paper describes a novel web usage mining approach to discover patterns in the navigation of websites known as Unexpected Navigation Behaviours (UNBs). The approach provides a web designer with a means of identifying and classifying patterns of browsing and, by reviewing these patterns, the designer can then choose to modify the design of their site or redesign it completely. UNB mining is based on the Consecutive Common Subsequence (CCS), a special instance of Common Subsequence (CS), which is used to define a set of expected routes. The predefined expected routes are then treated as rules and stored in a rule base. By using the predefined route and the UNB mining algorithm, interesting navigation behaviours can be discovered. This paper will introduce the format of the expected route and describe the UNB algorithms. It will also describe a tool that a website designer can use to define the expected route more efficiently, which can help the website designer to make decision about where and how the design of website can be improved. The paper concludes with a series of experiments designed to evaluate how well the UNB mining algorithms work and demonstrate how UNB mining can be useful for improving website design.