Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a Global Science: Mining Civilizational Knowledge

Asian science such as mathematics, Chinese printing, gunpowder and the compass, all contributed to the development of European science. During the last few centuries, however, scientific contributions with Asian roots have diminished and been marginalized and deligitimised. Yet the center of the world economy today is shifting to Asia with shifts in science and technology bound to follow. "Toward a Global Science" is driven by the proposition that pre-Renaissance acquisition of Asian knowledge did not exhaust Asian civilization's potential contribution. There are many useful elements to modern science still lying hidden in Asian civilizational stores waiting to be mined.The author gives details of recent contributions from South Asian medicine, mathematics, and psychology and explores how South Asian inputs can be useful in navigating the philosophical and ethical problems raised by two dominant technologies of the future, namely biotechnology and information technology. As an illustrative example, it describes how a fruitful marriage of one technology - virtual reality - with South Asian philosophy can enliven both the technology as well as philosophy. It also examines how Asian positions could be used to feed some key contemporary philosophical discussions on science.Using a model of the civilizational construction of science, the book views science without Eurocentric blinders. It documents how science was built initially by transfers from non-European civilizations and why the given historiography of science has to be rethought. Throughout the book the author gives examples of parallels and antecedents between East and West in science and estimates the potential reservoir of Asian knowledge in each field. The book also deals with the many knotty problems in recovering science from past traditions. The author distinguishes between his secular efforts from religious and other attempts that claim the equivalence of all knowledge systems.
Prion protein function and the disturbance of early embryonic development in zebrafish

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE) or prion diseases are a threat to food safety and to human and animal health. The molecular mechanisms responsible for prion diseases share similarities with a wider group of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease and the central pathological event is a disturbance of protein folding of a normal cellular protein that is eventually accompanied by neuronal cell death and the death of the host. Prion protein (PrP) is a constituent of most normal mammalian cells and its presence is essential in the pathogenesis of TSE. However, the function of this normal cellular protein remains unclear. The prevention of PRNP gene expression in mammalian species has been undramatic, implying a functional redundancy. Yet PrP is conserved from mammals to fish. Recent studies of PrP in zebrafish have yielded novel findings showing that PrP has essential roles in early embryonic development. The amenability of zebrafish to global technologies has generated data indicating the existence of “anchorless” splice variants of PrP in the early embryo. This paper will discuss the possibility that the experimentalist’s view of PrP functions might be clearer at a greater phylogenetic distance.
Predicting Electrocardiogram and Arterial Blood Pressure Waveforms with Different Echo State Network Architectures

Alarm fatigue caused by false alarms and alerts is an extremely important issue for the medical staff in Intensive Care Units. The ability to predict electrocardiogram and arterial blood pressure waveforms can potentially help the staff and hospital systems better classify a patient's waveforms and subsequent alarms. This paper explores the use of Echo State Networks, a specific type of neural network for mining, understanding, and predicting electrocardiogram and arterial blood pressure waveforms. Several network architectures are designed and evaluated. The results show the utility of these echo state networks, particularly ones with larger integrated reservoirs, for predicting electrocardiogram waveforms and the adaptability of such models across individuals. The work presented here offers a unique approach for understanding and predicting a patient's waveforms in order to potentially improve alarm generation. We conclude with a brief discussion of future extensions of this research.
Observer-Based Optical Manipulation of Biological Cells With Robotic Tweezers

While several automatic manipulation techniques have recently been developed for optical tweezer systems, the measurement of the velocity of cell is required and the interaction between the cell and the manipulator of laser source is usually ignored in these formulations. Although the position of cell can be measured by using a camera, the velocity of cell is not measurable and usually estimated by differentiating the position of cell, which amplifies noises and may induce chattering of the system. In addition, it is also assumed in existing methods that the image Jacobian matrix from the Cartesian space to image space of the camera is exactly known. In the presence of estimation errors or variations of depth information between the camera and the cell, it is not certain whether the stability of the system could still be ensured. In this paper, vision-based observer techniques are proposed for optical manipulation to estimate the velocity of cell. Using the proposed observer techniques, tracking control strategies are developed to manipulate biological cells with different Reynolds numbers, which do not require camera calibration and measurement of the velocity of cell. The control methods are based on the dynamic formulation where the laser source is controlled by the closed-loop robotic manipulation technique. The stability is analyzed using Lyapunov-like analysis. Simulation and experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed cell manipulation methods.
JSDM and multi-cell networks: Handling inter-cell interference through long-term antenna statistics

Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing (JSDM) is a novel paradigm for splitting the functions of multiuser MIMO precoding into a concatenation of blocks: a pre-beamforming projection depending only on the channel covariances, and a precoder achieving multiplexing gain over the effective channel including pre-beamforming. In this paper, we extend our study of JSDM to a multi-cell system, where the pre-beamforming projections are jointly selected across cells together with user scheduling, such that inter-cell interference can be handled using only the channel covariances (the so-called “long-term” antenna statistics), which are much easier to collect than the classical instantaneous channel state information.
Chapter 5: Computers and Education: A Cultural Constructivist Perspective

The general topic of the use of computers in education has not been systematically dealt with in the Review of Research in Education, although some specific aspects of it have been touched on (e.g., Sherrie Gott's chapter on apprenticeship and intelligent tutoring systems in Volume 15). Since the field is so vast, no review could do justice to it; thus, we must circumscribe the research we are reviewing to a manageable portion. Our major restriction is that we concentrate on Grades K-12 with an emphasis on late elementary school and early secondary school ages, including higher levels of the education system only in a few cases to illustrate a point. Within this still-vast field we select some research that has been widely disseminated, and therefore characterizes the field, and some research that, in our view, holds special promise for the future. Also, we come to this topic from a particular theoretical perspective, which acts as a further filter on the topics discussed. We call that perspective cultural constructivism. The basic idea of this approach can be grasped most readily by contrasting it with Piagetian constructivism. Piaget is justifiably famous for demonstrating the need to consider children to be constructors of their own development through their actions. By contrast, a cultural constructivist approach assumes not only an active child but an equally active and usually more powerful adult in interaction (we are speaking of educational settings). Moreover, cultural constructivism emphasizes that all human activity is mediated by cultural artifacts, which themselves have been constructed over the course of human history. The general framework of this approach is derived from the axioms of the cultural-historical school of psychology, which asserts that the unique character of human activity is that it is mediated through socially con-
Molecular and insecticidal characterization of a Bacillus thuringiensis strain isolated during a natural epizootic

A new Bacillus thuringiensis strain belonging to the serovar aizawai was isolated from a dead larva of the lepidopteran Mythimna loreyi collected in a corn crop in Spain during a natural epizootic. This strain, which was named Leapi01, was compared with the kurstaki and aizawai strains isolated from Dipel® and Xentari®, by electron microscopy, SDS‐PAGE, plasmid pattern, PCR and insecticidal activity. This strain showed similar morphological and biochemical characteristics to the standard strains. The content in cry genes of Leapi01 was analysed with a set of general and specific primers recognizing most of the cry genes reported to date. DNA amplification was obtained with primers corresponding to six genes and, to clearly determine the identity of the genes, the amplified fragments were sequenced and corresponded to cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ca, cry1Da, cry2Ab and cry1Ia. However, the proteins encoded by two of these genes, Cry2 and Cry1I, were not detected in the SDS‐PAGE of the purified parasporal bodies. The insecticidal activity of Leapi01 was determined by bioassays against two Lepidoptera species, Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera littoralis, that were found to be very susceptible to Leapi01 purified crystals. Since two of the cry genes identified in Leapi01 appear to be silent, other factors may be involved in the toxicity of the strain. As a result of this study, the potential of Leapi01 as biological control agent is discussed, with special emphasis on the high toxicity and relatively broad spectrum activity compared with two B. thuringiensis strains that are the active ingredients of commercial preparations commonly used as bioinsecticides.
Use of Microblogs in Grassroots Movements in China: Exploring the Role of Online Networking in Agenda Setting

Abstract This study examines the role of online networking in a grassroots movement in China. Drawing on Manuel Castells’s theory of communication power in the network society, we argue that microblogs can facilitate China’s mass self-communication in a network environment, even under authoritarian control, and are able to challenge the power of agenda setting, which has been mainly dominated by the state and the state media. We study a grassroots movement in China and examine the ways in which messages were communicated and people were connected into a network. Thus we investigate the role of online communication in reconfiguring the balance of power between the authority and Chinese citizens. Using systematic data collection and social network analysis, we characterize the microbloggers who contributed to the process, the network configuration, and the interplays between different stakeholders.
Interaction between the autokinase EpsE and EpsL in the cytoplasmic membrane is required for extracellular secretion in Vibrio cholerae.

Vibrio cholerae secretes a number of proteins important for virulence, including cholera toxin. This process requires the products of the eps genes which have homologues in genera such as Aeromonas, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas and are thought to form a membrane‐associated multiprotein complex. Here we show that the putative nucleotide‐binding protein EpsE is associated with and stabilized by the cytoplasmic membrane via interaction with EpsL. Analysis of fusion proteins between EpsE and the homologous ExeE from Aeromonas hydrophila demonstrates that the N‐terminus of EpsE contains the EpsL binding domain and determines species specificity. An intact Walker A box, commonly found in ATP‐binding proteins, is required for activity of EpsE in vivo and for autophosphorylation of purified EpsE in vitro. These results indicate that both the kinase activity of EpsE as well as its ability to interact with the putative cytoplasmic membrane protein EpsL are required for translocation of toxin across the outer membrane in Vibrio cholerae.
Almost Optimal Intervention Sets for Causal Discovery

We conjecture that the worst case number of experiments necessary and sufficient to discover a causal graph uniquely given its observational Markov equivalence class can be specified as a function of the largest clique in the Markov equivalence class. We provide an algorithm that computes intervention sets that we believe are optimal for the above task. The algorithm builds on insights gained from the worst case analysis in Eberhardt et al. (2005) for sequences of experiments when all possible directed acyclic graphs over N variables are considered. A simulation suggests that our conjecture is correct. We also show that a generalization of our conjecture to other classes of possible graph hypotheses cannot be given easily, and in what sense the algorithm is then no longer optimal.
Stress‐activated protein kinases are negatively regulated by cell density

Stimulation by UV irradiation, TNFα, as well as PDGF or EGF activates the JNK/SAPK signalling pathway in mouse fibroblasts. This results in the phosphorylation of the N‐terminal domain of c‐Jun, increasing its transactivation potency. Using an antibody that specifically recognizes c‐Jun phosphorylated at Ser63, we show that culture confluency drastically inhibited c‐Jun N‐terminal phosphorylation due to the inhibition of the JNK/SAPK pathway. Transfection experiments demonstrate that the inhibition occurs at the same level as, or upstream of, the small G‐proteins cdc42 and Rac1. In contrast, the classical MAPK pathway was insensitive to confluency. The inhibition of JNK/SAPK activation depended on the integrity of the actin microfilament network. These results were confirmed and extended in monolayer wounding experiments. After PDGF, EGF or UV stimulation, c‐Jun was predominantly phosphorylated in cells bordering the wound, which are the cells that move to occupy the wounded area. Thus, modulation of the stress‐dependent signal cascade by confluency will restrict c‐Jun N‐terminal phosphorylation in response to mitogenic or chemotactic agents to cells that border a wounded area.
Statistical analysis of the normal human karyotype.

Several important areas of future research in human genetics demand a complete and accurate knowledge of the normal human karyotype. Assignment of known genetic loci to the various chromosomes will depend on the identification of as many of the human chromosomes as possible, and construction of human genetic maps will be greatly facilitated by the discovery and precise localization of many chromosomal abnormalities. Large-scale cytogenetic surveys will be required to discover new chromosomal abnormalities and to measure the chromosomal aberration frequencies pertinent to the increasingly important problems of effects of such agents as radia-tion, drugs, pesticides, and food additives on human populations. Such surveys will be aided by, and probably ultimately depend on, automation of much of the process of chromosome analysis. Undoubtedly, practical devices making use of the speed and capacity of digital computers eventually will become a reality. An absolute requirement for such systems will be an accurate numerical statement of the exact constitution of the normal human chromosome set, against which the computer can compare sets of chromosomes. Unfortunately, the considerable attention devoted to the human karyotype during the past decade has produced no really satisfactory metric definition of the normal human chromosome complement.
Gambling and Perceived Health Among Adult Jail Inmates

ABSTRACT Gambling problems have been associated with lower perceived health in community samples, but little research has examined this relationship in an incarcerated population. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceived health and gambling problems of adult inmates (18–49 years old) in a county jail. We surveyed 184 male and female inmates aged 18–49 years. Nearly 35% of inmates scored as problem or pathological gamblers, and inmates scored significantly lower on all Short Form-36 Version 2 perceived health scales than the U.S. population norm. There were no significant differences on perceived health scores between recreational and problem/pathological gamblers. The high prevalence of gambling problems and poor perceived health necessitates research to provide screenings and test effectiveness of gambling and health interventions in this population.
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Learning cultures and the conservatoire: an ethnographically-informed case study

As educational institutions, conservatoires remain largely unresearched and, crucially, relatively unchallenged. In particular, research has paid little attention to in-depth studies of culture, so that not enough is known of the cultural practices that characterise and shape a conservatoire education. This article addresses this gap through seeking to understand the constructed nature of the ‘learning cultures’ – the cultural practices through which students learn – of a UK conservatoire. Working within an ethnographically-informed case study, multiple qualitative methods were employed to collect in-depth data. Key findings from a four-phased analysis procedure reveal that the conservatoire's learning cultures are constructed across four intertwined features: (1) learning cultures of performing specialism, (2) learning cultures of social networking, (3) learning cultures of musical hierarchies and (4) learning cultures of vocational position taking. Implications of the study are discussed, and recommendations made for the introduction of creative and reflective spaces for learning in the conservatoires of the future.
Why Individuals Commit Computer Offences in Organizations: Investigating the Roles of Rational Choice, Self-Control, and Deterrence

Computer offences and crimes against corporate computer systems have increasingly become a major challenge to information security management in the Internet-enabled global economy and society. In this study, we attempt to develop a theoretical model that integrates three main stream criminology theories, i.e., general deterrence, rational choice, and individual propensity. We submit that, while the main decision process leading to an offensive act may be explained by the rational choice theory, selfcontrol and deterrence factors could significantly alter the risk-benefit calculus assumed in the rational choice model. Using data collected from employees in multiple organizations, we tested our model using structural equation modelling techniques. We found that the perceived benefits of offensive acts dominate the rational calculus in individuals, and that the low self-control significantly impacts the perceived benefits and risks, thus playing a major role in the computer offences perpetrated by individuals in organizational settings. In addition, we found that deterrence only has limited impact on the offensive intentions through increased perceived risks. By integrating multiple theories into one seamless model, we hope to provide better understanding of computer offences and deeper insights for improving information security management practices.
V2X-d: A vehicular density estimation system that combines V2V and V2I communications

Road traffic is experiencing a drastic increase, and vehicular traffic congestion is becoming a major problem, especially in metropolitan environments throughout the world. Additionally, in modern Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) communications, the high amount of information that can be generated and processed by vehicles will significantly increase message redundancy, channel contention, and message collisions, thus reducing the efficiency of message dissemination processes. In this work, we present a V2X architecture to estimate traffic density on the road that relies on the advantages of combining V2V and V2I communications. Our proposal uses both the number of beacons received per vehicle (V2V) and per RSU (V2I), as well as the roadmap topology features to estimate the vehicle density. By using our approach, modern Intelligent Transportation Systems will be able to reduce traffic congestion and also to adopt more efficient message dissemination protocols.
On Identifying Bug Patterns in Aspect-Oriented Programs

Bug patterns are erroneous code idioms or bad coding practices that have been proved fail time and time again. They mainly arise from the misunderstanding of language features, the use of erroneous design patterns or simple mistakes sharing the common behaviors. Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) is a new technique to separate the cross-cutting concerns for improving modularity in software design and implementation. However, there is no effective debugging technique for aspect-oriented programs until now and none of the prior researches focused on the identification of bug patterns in aspect-oriented programs. In this paper, we present six bug patterns in AspectJprogramming language and show the corresponding example for each bug pattern to help to illustrate the symptoms of these patterns. We take this as the first step to provide an underlying basis on testing and debugging of AspectJ programs.