Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The harms of hate

Studies have demonstrated that hate crime victimisation has harmful effects for individuals. Victims of hate crime report anger, nervousness, feeling unsafe, poor concentration and loss of self-confidence. While victims of non-hate crimes report similar feelings, harm is intensified for hate crime victims due to the targeted nature of the incident. While there is some evidence that experiencing or even witnessing hate crime may have a detrimental effect on residents’ community life, the effects of being victim of a hate crime inside one’s own neighbourhood remain unstudied. Using census data combined with survey data from 4396 residents living across 148 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia, this study examines whether residents who report hate crime within their own neighbourhood differ in their participation in community life when compared to victims of non-hate crime or those who have not been victimised. This is the first study to focus on victims’ views on: how welcoming their neighbourhood is to ethnic diversity; their attachment to their neighbourhood; their frequency of social interactions with neighbours; their number of friends and acquaintances in the neighbourhood; and their fear of crime. Results from propensity score matching (PSM) indicate that there are important differences in patterns of neighbourhood participation across these three groups.
Effects of functionality on perceived comfort of wearables

This paper presents results from a study examining thelink between the functionality and the comfort of wearablecomputers. We gave participants two different devices towear and varied our descriptions of device functionality.Significant differences in desirability and comfort ratingswere found between functional conditions, indicating thatfunctionality is a factor of comfort. Differences were alsofound between device locations (upper arm and upper/midback) and participant gender.
Mathematical models for passive imaging I: general background

Passive imaging is a new technics which has been proved to be very efficient, for example in seismology: the correlation of the noisy fields between different points is strongly related to the Green function of the wave propagation. The aim of this paper is to provide a mathematical context for this approach and to show, in particular, how the methods of semi-classical analysis can be be used in order to find the asymptotic behaviour of the correlations.
Maturation of the trans-Golgi network protease furin: compartmentalization of propeptide removal, substrate cleavage, and COOH-terminal truncation

We have cloned a bovine cDNA encoding the trans-Golgi network (TGN) protease furin and expressed it via recombinant vaccinia viruses to investigate intracellular maturation. Pulse-chase labeling reveals that the 104-kD pro-furin bearing high mannose N-glycans is rapidly processed into the 98-kD protease whose N-glycans remain sensitive to endoglycosidase H for a certain period of time. Furthermore, in the presence of brefeldin A, pro-furin cleavage occurs. From these data we conclude that the ER is the compartment of propeptide removal. Studies employing the ionophore A23187 and DTT show that autocatalysis is Ca2+ dependent and that it does not occur under reducing conditions. Pro- furin produced under these conditions never gains endo H resistance indicating that it is retained in the ER. Coexpression of furin with the fowl plague virus hemagglutinin in the presence of brefeldin A and monensin reveals that furin has to enter the Golgi region to gain substrate cleaving activity. N-glycans of furin are sialylated proving its transit through the trans-Golgi network. A truncated form of furin is found in supernatants of cells. Truncation is inhibited in the absence of Ca2+ ions and in the presence of acidotropic agents indicating that it takes place in an acidic compartment of cells. Comparative analysis with furin expressed from cDNA reveals that the truncated form prevails in preparations of biologically active, endogenous furin obtained from MDBK cells. This observation supports the concept that secretion of truncated furin is a physiological event that may have important implications for the processing of extracellular substrates.
Face-to-Face Proximity EstimationUsing Bluetooth On Smartphones

The availability of “always-on” communications has tremendous implications for how people interact socially. In particular, sociologists are interested in the question if such pervasive access increases or decreases face-to-face interactions. Unlike triangulation which seeks to precisely define position, the question of face-to-face interaction reduces to one of proximity, i.e., are the individuals within a certain distance? Moreover, the problem of proximity estimation is complicated by the fact that the measurement must be quite precise (1-1.5 m) and can cover a wide variety of environments. Existing approaches such as GPS and Wi-Fi triangulation are insufficient to meet the requirements of accuracy and flexibility. In contrast, Bluetooth, which is commonly available on most smartphones, provides a compelling alternative for proximity estimation. In this paper, we demonstrate through experimental studies the efficacy of Bluetooth for this exact purpose. We propose a proximity estimation model to determine the distance based on the RSSI values of Bluetooth and light sensor data in different environments. We present several real world scenarios and explore Bluetooth proximity estimation on Android with respect to accuracy and power consumption.
SMALL : A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE FOR STATE MACHINE

A small and simple language for sequential design is introduced. 0. INTRODUCTION Synchronous state-machine design is often expressed using graphical notations such as Algorithmic State Machine (ASM) charts 7] and state transition diagrams. An alternative is to use common hardware description languages such as VHDL 2] or Verilog 6]. For both teaching and design purposes, neither approach is satisfactory. ASM charts and similar notations invite unstructured designs and allow parallelism only at the outermost level. Educational implementations appear not to exist. VHDL and Verilog are geared toward asynchronous behaviour | in expressing synchronous designs the clock signals must be made explicit. Also they are large, complex languages with complex semantic foundations. Small (State Machine Algol-Like Language) is a small and simple imperative programming language, designed speciically for hardware implementation. It bears roughly the same relationship to ASM charts as Algol-like software languages bear to owcharts. Data, in small, is carried either by named signals or named registers. Signals are used to carry data between commands executing concurrently. Data is placed on a signal s by means of an assert command s! E. The signal s may be referred to in other expressions and will have the value of expression E whenever the command s! E is being executed in the same clock period. Signals are declared using a command of the form sig id : T C, where T is a type and C is a command. C is the scope of the declaration. Each type T is associated with a default value def :T. During those clock periods in which there is no assert of a signal, the signal has its default value. For the bool type the default value is false: Registers are used to carry data forward in time. Data is placed in a register r by means of an assignment command r E. The register r may be referred to in any expression. The value of r is the same as the latest value assigned to it in a previous clock period. Registers are declared using a command of the form reg id : T C, where T is a type and C is the scope of the register. 1.1. Composition operators Any execution of a command takes a certain number of consecutive clock periods. The duration of (an execution of) a command is the diierence between the initial and the nal clock period. For example, in the …
When Training and Test Sets are Different: Characterising Learning Transfer

In this chapter, a number of common forms of dataset shift are introduced, and each is related to a particular form of causal probabilistic model. Examples are given for the different types of shift, and some corresponding modelling approaches. By characterising dataset shift in this way, there is potential for the development of models which capture the specific types of variations, combine different modes of variation, or do model selection to assess whether dataset shift is an issue in particular circumstances. As an example of how such models can be developed, an illustration is provided for one approach to adapting Gaussian process methods for a particular type of dataset shift called Mixture Component Shift.
Integrated ultrasound imaging systems based on capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer arrays

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) overcome many limitations of existing ultrasound transducer technologies enabling new applications of ultrasound, especially for medical imaging and treatment. Some of the most important of these advancements are the ability to fabricate transducer arrays with two dimensional geometries and high operating frequencies. Over the past decade, extensive research has been conducted on the fabrication, characterization, and modelling of CMUTs. Current research efforts focus on the integration of CMUTs in systems for new medical imaging tools. This paper briefly reviews CMUT technology and presents imaging results from two CMUT-based imaging systems. The first system is designed for use within a 5-mm endoscopic channel and is based on a two dimensional, 16-element times 16-element, 5-MHz CMUT array. To provide a means of integrating the CMUT array with electronics, each element of the array is connected to a flip-chip bond pad on the back side of the array via a through-wafer interconnect. The array is flip-chip bonded to a custom-designed integrated circuit (IC) that comprises the frontend circuitry for the transducer elements. The array and IC are connected to an FPGA-based data acquisition system that can acquire volumetric imaging data in real time. Volumetric pulse-echo and photoacoustic images obtained with this system are presented. The second system is based on a 64-element, 20-MHz, 2-mm diameter CMUT ring array. This array is also designed for use in catheter-based imaging applications. Ring arrays have the advantage of providing space in the center for a guidewire or other catheter-based instrument. Volumetric images obtained with the ring-array system are also presented
On the Hierarchical Variable Block Size Motion Estimation Technique for Motion Sequence Coding

The motion compensated coding(MCC), which exploits the temporal redundancies in the moving images, is one of the most popular techniques currently used. Recently, a variable block size(VBS) motion estimation technique has been proposed to improve the performance of the motion compensated transform coding(MCTC). This technique allows larger blocks to be used when smaller blocks provide little gain, saving the bit rates especially for areas containing more complex motion. However, there have been little e orts in investigating an e cient VBS motion structure for reducing the motion vector coding rates further. Hence, in this paper, a new VBS motion estimation technique based on a hierarchical structure is proposed, which improves the motion vector encoding e ciency and reduce the number of motion vectors to be transmitted as well. Speci cally, the gain/cost motion estimation technique with the The authors are also a liated with the Automation and Systems Research Institute(ASRI), Seoul National University, Seoul, KOREA. This work was presented in part at the SPIE's Visual Communication and Image Processing '93, Cambridge, MA, November 8-11, 1993. To whom all the correspondence to be addressed. selective motion prediction is utilized for the topmost level motion vector search, exploiting the redundancies among the neighboring motion vectors. Also, a restricted search with respect to the topmost level motion vector enables more exible and e cient motion vector encoding for the remaining lower level blocks. Intensive simulations on several moving image sequences show that the MCTC employing the VBS motion estimation provides a performance improvement of 0.7 1.0 dB, in terms of PSNR, compared to the xed block size motion estimation. Subject terms| motion compensated coding, variable block size motion estimation, hierarchical variable block size, block matching algorithm, motion vector coding
FUNCTIONAL AND COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE NASAL CAVITY IN PHYLLOSTOMID BATS

DEDICATION To my parents, who always encouraged me to chase my dreams EPIGRAPH History suggests that the road to a firm research consensus is extraordinarily arduous-Thomas S. Kuhn vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank my advisor, Betsy Dumont, for her patient guidance and sage mentoring during the course of my dissertation. She has provided an enriching intellectual environment, and I owe much of my academic development to her. Thanks to Blair Perot, without whom I could not have completed the substantial biomechanics component to my project. His constant encouragement and good humor kept me energized throughout. Sheila Patek and Duncan Irschick both brought unique conceptual and practical perspectives to my committee, and I greatly appreciate their thoughtful contributions. Finally, though not a part of my committee officially, Tim Smith of Slippery Rock University deserves a special mention. Tim taught me most of the histological techniques that I know, he has been incredibly generous with his time and resources, and perhaps most importantly, he has made major theoretical contributions to my understanding of the mammalian nose and to my dissertation generally. I cannot express enough my appreciation for his help and generosity over the years. Much of my work involved destructive sampling of fluid-preserved museum specimens. In broad terms I would like to thank the generations of naturalists, field biologists, curators, benefactors, and others who have made such collections possible in one way or another. I have always cherished working in such places, which would not be possible without the forward-looking spirit of so many others. For my dissertation I used specimens from the American Museum of Natural History and from the UMass Natural History Collections. I acknowledge the staff of both of these institutions, and in particular I thank Kate Doyle of UMass and Nancy Simmons and Eileen Westwig of the AMNH. Thanks to the many folks who have helped me troubleshoot histological techniques, in particular De Vries provided generous lab resources and logistical support for the bulk of my histological work. Skye Long and Beth Jakob provided lab space and equipment for paraffin embedding. Nadya Shlykova also helped with microscopy. For assistance with computer modeling, I owe immense thanks to Dan Pulaski, who has always been generous with his time and expertise. James Hagadorn generously provided access to a CT scanner at Amherst College, and Fettah Kosar facilitated my use of a micro-CT scanner at Harvard. Chris Zusi, Yang Song, and …
Soft pneumatic actuators for legged locomotion

Search and rescue robots are being used more frequently to access hazardous environments to assess situations and locate survivors. There are a wide range of existing mobile platforms for various situations and environments, but these robots are typically bulky, heavy or expensive, limiting their widespread and practical use in case of disaster mitigation. Also, like most robots, locomotive robots have explicit design criteria, subsequent physical parameters, and control schemes that do not leave much room for improvisation nor robustness on unknown environments. Unconventional silicone rubber-based soft pneumatic actuators (SPA) robots could offer an alternative actuation solution to such problems: these soft robots are adjustable, disposable, and easy to fabricate, naturally conforming to the unknown environment. In the paper, a palm-sized soft legged robot is proposed to verify the feasibility of such applications.
Organ Donation

Introduction: In case you hadn’t noticed, I’d like to point out a pattern in my recent teaching. For the last couple of months, I’ve been cycling between three types of sermons; each emphasizing an approach based on three different Hebrew words. Imrah is the Hebrew word that can be fairly translated as doctrine or belief. Mussar is an ethical discipline; a system of moral principles or rules governing the conduct of the tzaddikim. Think of it as a cross between ethics and character studies. Tzedekah: I define Tzedekah as “right thought and action at the right time and place for the right reason. It is concerned with living righteously and implies that in each moment and in each choice, right living and choosing are taking place. Tzedekah is, thus, the fruit produced by good doctrine and character. These three principles are the three pillars of Adonaic Christianity: Doctrine, Character and Righteous Living. So the first week in each cycle, I emphasize doctrine, the second emphasizes how the doctrine should influence our character and the third week we look at the practical outwork of those first two steps. For instance on July 20, the imrah (doctrinal) sermon was “Pach’ad Yitschaq – Isaac’s Terror” which discussed the fear of the Lord. On July 27, the Mussar (ethical and character) sermon talked about how our fear of the Lord should result in Ch’esed or kindness toward our fellow man. This matches the Lord’s teaching on the greatest command – love God, love your neighbor. This week’s Tzedekah sermon is going to deal with one practical way to show kindness – organ donation.
A survey on inferring user search goals using feedback session

The goal of the user at the time of searching the data is unknown to the system. The important aspect of searching process is to first recognize the user goal. On the basis of the recognized goal results are shown to the user. The goal identification requirement can be fulfilled by using pseudo document and feedback session. Click through logs are used to create feedback session. Pseudo document is the revised version of feedback session for clustering the websites. This paper reviews many web mining techniques for inferring the user goals. Query suggestion techniques are examined in this. It also studies the comparison of list and category methods of search result which helps to select the best method.
A Multi-Scale Approach to Hyperbolic Evolution Equations with Limited Smoothness

We discuss how techniques from multiresolution analysis and phase space transforms can be exploited in solving a general class of evolution equations with limited smoothness. We have wave propagation in media of limited smoothness in mind. The frame that appears naturally in this context belongs to the family of frames of curvelets. The construction considered here implies a full-wave description on the one hand but reveals the geometrical properties derived from the propagation of singularities on the other hand. The approach and analysis we present (i) aids in the understanding of the notion of scale in the wavefield and how this interacts with the configuration or medium, (ii) admits media of limited smoothness, viz. with Hölder regularity s ≥ 2, and (iii) suggests a novel computational algorithm that requires solving for the mentioned geometry on the one hand and solving a matrix Volterra integral equation of the second kind on the other hand. The Volterra equation can be solved by recursion—as in the computation of certain multiple scattering series—revealing a curvelet–curvelet interaction. We give precise estimates expressing the degree of concentration of curvelets following the propagation of singularities.
FireFlies: supporting primary school teachers through open-ended interaction design

Primary school teachers usually perform several tasks simultaneously. Many secondary tasks, such as giving turns or encouraging children to work silently, could be supported by interactive systems, which may lighten the teacher's busy everyday routine. Such systems however, should afford being interacted with while performing another primary task. We call this type of design peripheral interaction design. In this paper we present FireFlies, an open-ended peripheral interaction design developed for primary schools. Preliminary results of a six week deployment of FireFlies in four classrooms, reveal that teachers used FireFlies to perform secondary tasks and saw it as a valuable addition to the classroom. Though different interactions with FireFlies required different levels of effort, teachers could successfully interact with FireFlies during or in between other tasks.
Simulation of Optimal Movements Using the Minimum-Muscle-Tension-Change Model

This work discusses various optimization techniques which were proposed in models for controlling arm movements. In particular, the minimum-muscle-tension-change model is investigated. A dynamic simulator of the monkey's arm, including seventeen single and double joint muscles, is utilized to generate horizontal hand movements. The hand trajectories produced by this algorithm are discussed.
An Overview of the COVEN Platform

A central aim of the COVEN project was to prototype large-scale applications of collaborative virtual environments (CVEs) that went beyond the existing state of the art. These applications were used in a series of real-scale networked trials that allowed us to gather many interesting human and technological results. To fulfill the technological and experimental goals of the project, we have modified an existing CVE platform: the DIVE (distributed interactive virtual environment) toolkit. In this paper, we present the different services and extensions that have been implemented within the platform during the four years of the project. Such a presentation will exemplify the different features that will have to be offered by nextgeneration CVE platforms. Implementation of the COVEN services has had implications at all levels of the platform: from a new networking layer through to mechanisms for high-level semantic modeling of applications.
Insulin Resistance during Puberty in Non-obese Japanese Children

We examined whether non-obese Japanese children without diabetes exhibited insulin resistance during puberty. The study subjects were 201 Japanese school students, consisting 95 males and 106 females, aged 11.5 ± 2.6 yr. None of the subjects were obese, with the mean percent of overweight being 0.7 ± 10.5%, or had diabetes at the time of the study. Overnight fasting plasma values of insulin (FIRI) and HOMA-R were measured, with concomitant measurement of the plasma glucose (FPG) levels. The mean FPG, FIRI and HOMA-R values were 89.6 ± 7.3 (70–109) mg/dl, 9.0 ± 3.6 (1.7–24.4) µU/ml and 2.0 ± 0.9 (0.3–5.2), respectively. The mean FIRI value was significantly higher in females than in males (8.3 ± 3.4 vs. 9.6 ± 3.7 µU/ml, p=0.0060). The FIRI and HOMA-R values of the pubertal students were significantly higher compared with those of the prepubertal students (FIRI, 10.0 ± 3.4 vs. 6.5 ± 2.8 µU/ml; HOMA-R, 2.3 ± 0.8 vs. 1.4 ± 0.7; p<0.0001 for both). Similar trends were observed between the two genders. The mean FIRI levels and HOMA-R values were positively correlated with age (FIRI, r=0.280, p<0.0001; HOMA-R, r=0.300, p<0.0001). In conclusion, we demonstrated that the FIRI and HOMA-R values were significantly associated with pubertal development in non-obese Japanese children without diabetes, consistent with the results of studies in white and black children.