Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antidepressants for cocaine dependence and problematic cocaine use.

BACKGROUND Cocaine dependence is a disorder for which no pharmacological treatment of proven efficacy exists, advances in the neurobiology could guide future medication development. OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy and acceptability of antidepressants alone or in combination with any psychosocial intervention for the treatment of cocaine dependence and problematic cocaine use. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL in July 2011 and researchers for unpublished trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised clinical trials comparing antidepressants alone or associated with psychosocial intervention with placebo, no treatment, other pharmacological or psychosocial interventions. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS 37 studies were included in the review (3551 participants). Antidepressants versus placebo: results for dropouts did not show evidence of difference, 31 studies, 2819 participants, RR 1.03 (Cl 95% 0.93 to 1.14). Looking at Abstinence from cocaine use, even though not statistically significant, the difference shown by the analysis in the three-weeks abstinence rate was in favour of antidepressants (eight studies, 942 participants, RR 1.22 (Cl 95% 0.99 to 1.51)). Considering only studies involving tricyclics, five studies, 367 participants, or only desipramine, four studies, 254 participants, the evidence was in favour of antidepressants. However, selecting only studies with operationally defined diagnostic criteria, statistical significance favouring antidepressants, as well as the trend for significance shown by the full sample, disappeared. Looking at safety issues, the results did not show evidence of differences (number of patients withdrawn for medical reasons, thirteen studies, 1396 participants, RR 1.39 (Cl 95% 0.91 to 2.12)). Subgroup analysis considering length of the trial, associated opioid dependence or associated psychosocial interventions as confounding factors, failed in showing consistent and statistically significant differences in favour of antidepressants.Antidepressants versus other drugs: Comparing antidepressants with dopamine agonists or with anticonvulsants, no evidence of differences was shown on dropouts and on other outcomes (abstinence from cocaine use, adverse events). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS At the current stage of evidence data do not support the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of cocaine abuse/dependence. Partially positive results obtained on secondary outcome measures, such as depression severity, do not seem to be associated with an effect on direct indicators of cocaine abuse/dependence. Antidepressants cannot be considered a mainstay of treatment for unselected cocaine abusers/dependents.
The influence of motivational and mood states on visual attention: A quantification of systematic differences and casual changes in subjects' focus of attention

A great number of studies have shown that different motivational and mood states can influence human attentional processes in a variety of ways. Yet, none of these studies have reliably quantified the exact changes of the attentional focus in order to be able to compare attentional performances based on different motivational and mood influences and, beyond that, to evaluate their effectivity. In two studies, we explored subjects' differences in the breadth and distribution of attention as a function of motivational and mood manipulations. In Study 1, motivational orientation was classified in terms of regulatory focus (promotion vs. prevention) and in Study 2, mood was classified in terms of valence (positive vs. negative). Study 1 found a 10% wider distribution of the visual attention in promotion-oriented subjects compared to prevention-oriented ones. The results in Study 2 reveal a widening of the subjects' visual attentional breadth when listening to happy music by 22% and a narrowing by 36% when listening to melancholic music. In total, the findings show that systematic differences and casual changes in the shape and scope of focused attention may be associated with different motivational and mood states.
Adaptive augmenting control design for a generic longitudinal missile autopilot

Designing missile autopilots is a challenging problem due to highly nonlinear uncertain aerodynamics, and stringent performance requirements. In this paper a robust adaptive augmenting controller is designed for a generic non-minimum phase pitch-axis missile autopilot. The control system consists of a robust L2 gain optimal controller as a baseline and an incremental robust direct Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC). The baseline controller is designed using robust convex programming covering multiple operating regions. The main objective of designing a retrofit adaptive controller is to provide strong robust performance in presence of uncertainties such as parametric uncertainties, reduced control effectiveness, etc. Simulation tests are performed to assess stability and performance of nonlinear closed-loop adaptive system in presence of uncertainties in pitching moment and normal force coefficients, unmodeled time-delays, and variations in Mach number. In addition, results in simulations indicate satisfactory robustness in case of severe loss of control effectiveness event and uncertainty in pitch aerodynamic model.
Spontaneous neural activity predicts individual differences in performance

We each have particular strengths—some of us are good at math and others are good at language—that vary from one person to another. Less appreciated is the fact that individual differences also extend to performing what appear on the surface to be simple perceptual tasks, like learning to detect one visual form among an array of visually similar forms (1, 2). Neurophysiological studies in awake monkeys and functional MRI (fMRI) studies in humans have provided considerable information about the neural changes that accompany visual perceptual learning—including that learning is highly specific to the retinotopic location of the trained stimulus—making it an ideal model system for studying cortical plasticity (3). Typically, there is also a large amount of intersubject performance variability, making it an ideal model for exploring the neural correlates of individual differences. However, other than good learners showing greater neural activity during the first learning trials than poor learners (2), little is known about the neural underpinnings of individual differences in perceptual learning. In PNAS, Baldassarre et al. (4) present a unique approach to this topic by evaluating the relationship between visual perceptual learning and slowly (<0.1 Hz) fluctuating, spontaneous neural activity recorded during an fMRI resting-state scan 1–2 days before learning.
Carbohydrate-like composition of submicron atmospheric particles and their production from ocean bubble bursting

Oceans cover over two-thirds of the Earth’s surface, and the particles emitted to the atmosphere by waves breaking on sea surfaces provide an important contribution to the planetary albedo. During the International Chemistry Experiment in the Arctic LOwer Troposphere (ICEALOT) cruise on the R/V Knorr in March and April of 2008, organic mass accounted for 15–47% of the submicron particle mass in the air masses sampled over the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. A majority of this organic component (0.1 - 0.4 μ m-3) consisted of organic hydroxyl (including polyol and other alcohol) groups characteristic of saccharides, similar to biogenic carbohydrates found in seawater. The large fraction of organic hydroxyl groups measured during ICEALOT in submicron atmospheric aerosol exceeded those measured in most previous campaigns but were similar to particles in marine air masses in the open ocean (Southeast Pacific Ocean) and coastal sites at northern Alaska (Barrow) and northeastern North America (Appledore Island and Chebogue Point). The ocean-derived organic hydroxyl mass concentration during ICEALOT correlated strongly to submicron Na concentration and wind speed. The observed submicron particle ratios of marine organic mass to Na were enriched by factors of ∼102–∼103 over reported sea surface organic to Na ratios, suggesting that the surface-controlled process of film bursting is influenced by the dissolved organic components present in the sea surface microlayer. Both marine organic components and Na increased with increasing number mean diameter of the accumulation mode, suggesting a possible link between organic components in the ocean surface and aerosol–cloud interactions.
QoS-Oriented Wireless Routing for Smart Meter Data Collection: Stochastic Learning on Graph

To ensure resilient and reliable meter data collection that is essential for the smart grid operation, we propose a QoS-oriented wireless routing scheme. Specifically tailored for the heterogeneity of the meter data traffic in the smart grid, we first design a novel utility function that not only jointly accounts for system throughput and transmission latency, but also allows for flexible tradeoff between the two with a strict transmission latency constraint, as desired by various smart meter applications. Then, we model the interactions among smart meter data concentrators as a mixed-strategy network formation game. To avoid potential information exchange which is not always practical in meter data collection scenario, a stochastic reinforcement learning algorithm with only private and incomplete information is proposed to solve the network formation problem. Such a problem formulation, together with our proposed stochastic learning algorithm on graph, results in a steady probabilistic route. Both contributions are novel and unique in comparison with existing work on this topic. Another distinct feature of our approach is its capability of effectively maintaining the QoS of smart meter data collection, even when the network is under fault or attack, as verified by simulations.
Wolbachia infection shared among planthoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and their endoparasite (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae): a probable case of interspecies transmission

Wolbachia, a group of parasitic bacteria of arthropods, are believed to be horizontally transmitted among arthropod taxa. We present a new probable example of interspecies horizontal transmission of Wolbachia by way of an endoparasite based on the conformity of Wolbachia gene sequences. Field samples of two rice planthoppers, Laodelphax striatellus and Sogatella furcifera possessed identical Wolbachia. Among three major endoparasites of planthoppers, a strepsipteran, Elenchus japonicus, harboured the identical Wolbachia strain, suggesting strepsipteran transmission of Wolbachia from one planthopper to the other. No Wolbachia was detected in a mermithid nematode Agamermis unka, and dryinid wasps possessed different types of Wolbachia.
A Conserved E2F6-Binding Element in Murine Meiosis-Specific Gene Promoters1

Abstract During gametogenesis, germ cells must undergo meiosis in order to become viable haploid gametes. Successful completion of this process is dependent upon the expression of genes whose protein products function specifically in meiosis. Failure to express these genes in meiotic cells often results in infertility, whereas aberrant expression in somatic cells may lead to mitotic catastrophe. The mechanisms responsible for regulating the timely expression of meiosis-specific genes have not been fully elucidated. Here we demonstrate that E2F6, a member of the E2F family of transcription factors, is essential for the repression of the newly identified meiosis-specific gene, Slc25a31 (also known as Ant4, Aac4), in somatic cells. This discovery, along with previous studies, prompted us to investigate the role of E2F6 in the regulation of meiosis-specific genes in general. Interestingly, the core E2F6-binding element (TCCCGC) was highly conserved in the proximal promoter regions of 19 out of 24 (79.2%) meiosis-specific genes. This was significantly higher than the frequency found in the promoters of all mouse genes (15.4%). In the absence of E2F6, only a portion of these meiosis-specific genes was derepressed in somatic cells. However, endogenous E2F6 bound to the promoters of these meiosis-specific genes regardless of whether they required E2F6 for their repression in somatic cells. Further, E2F6 overexpression was capable of reducing their transcription. These findings indicate that E2F6 possesses a broad ability to bind to and regulate the meiosis-specific gene population.
Expression of a mannose/fucose membrane lectin on human dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DC) are the most efficient antigen presenting cells for T lymphocytes. CD1a+ CD14− DC with high antigen‐presenting capacities can now be obtained easily from adherent peripheral blood monocytes by culture in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin‐4 (Sallusto et al., J. Exp. Med. 1994. 179: 1109). Human macrophages express a membrane lectin, or sugar‐specific receptor, which specifically mediates the binding and endocytosis of mannose‐ and fucose‐terminated glycoproteins and is involved in the phagocytosis of pathogens. A similar lectin activity was sought on cultured human DC using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy to detect binding and internalization of fluoresceinated neoglycoproteins [bovine serum albumin (BSA) substituted with sugar residues]. Several neoglycoproteins, especially α‐L‐fucosyl‐, α‐D‐mannosyl‐, N,N′‐di‐acetyl‐β‐chitobiosyl‐ and β‐D‐glucosyl‐BSA, were endocytosed by cultured human CD1a+ DC as well as by CD1a− CD14− cells which were also obtained in the culture. Fuc‐BSA and Man‐BSA had the same number of binding sites (1.7 × 106/cell) on CD1a+ DC, and bound with an affinity constant close to 107 l/mol. Inhibition experiments indicated that these two neoglycoproteins bound to the same membrane lectin. CD1a+ and CD1a− cells were both labeled by an antiserum specific for the human macrophage mannose receptor. The membrane lectin specific for mannose and fucose that is evidenced in these experiments on cultured DC may be similar to the macrophage membrane lectin or may share functional and structural properties with it.
Automatic 3D Object Fracturing for Evaluation of Partial Retrieval and Object Restoration Tasks - Benchmark and Application to 3D Cultural Heritage Data

Recently, 3D digitization and printing hardware have seen rapidly increasing adoption. High-quality digitization of real-world objects is becoming more and more efficient. In this context, growing amounts of data from the cultural heritage (CH) domain such as columns, tombstones or arches are being digitized and archived in 3D repositories. In many cases, these objects are not complete, but fragmented into several pieces and eroded over time. As manual restoration of fragmented objects is a tedious and error-prone process, recent work has addressed automatic reassembly and completion of fragmented 3D data sets. While a growing number of related techniques are being proposed by researchers, their evaluation currently is limited to smaller numbers of high-quality test fragment sets. We address this gap by contributing a methodology to automatically generate 3D fragment data based on synthetic fracturing of 3D input objects. Our methodology allows generating large-scale fragment test data sets from existing CH object models, complementing manual benchmark generation based on scanning of fragmented real objects. Besides being scalable, our approach also has the advantage to come with ground truth information (i.e. the input objects), which is often not available when scans of real fragments are used. We apply our approach to the Hampson collection of digitized pottery objects, creating and making available a first, larger restoration test data set that comes with ground truth. Furthermore, we illustrate the usefulness of our test data for evaluation of a recent 3D restoration method based on symmetry analysis and also outline how the applicability of 3D retrieval techniques could be evaluated with respect to 3D restoration tasks. Finally, we discuss first results of an ongoing extension of our methodology to include object erosion processes by means of a physiochemical model simulating weathering effects.
Radiation from antenna systems with homogeneous and inhomogeneous loops

Two antenna systems, each composed of a single fed antenna and a plane with periodically arrayed elements (PE plane), are investigated. The PE plane of square strip loops, all having the same outer side length and the same strip width (homogeneous PE plane), forms a narrow beam in the direction normal to the PE plane, leading to a high gain. Subsequently, this normal beam is tilted by gradating the strip width of the loops (inhomogeneous PE plane), holding the outer side length at a constant value. As an example, a narrow beam with a tilt angle of 35 degrees and a gain of 17 dBi is demonstrated. It is also found that a modified inhomogeneous PE plane forms a high-gain tilted beam, where the outer side length of the loops is gradated, while keeping the strip width at a constant value.
Performance analysis of differential receivers with quaternary modulation for UWB transmissions

This paper proposes an investigation of binary and quaternary modulation schemes for ultra wide band systems using differential receiver architectures. The expressions for the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER) are derived taking into account the code effect, the trade-off between time correlation window width and front-end filter bandwidth. The analysis points out that the quaternary modulation scheme outperforms binary modulations in terms of BER.
The Synthetic Retinoid CD 437 Selectively Induces Apoptosis in Human Lung Cancer Cells while Sparing Normal Human Lung Epithelial Cells 1

The synthetic retinoid 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (CD437) induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells including lung cancer cells. Our previous studies have demonstrated that cancer cells with wild-type p53 are more sensitive to CD437 than those having mutant p53, although CD437 can induce both p53-dependent and -independent apoptosis. Because normal human lung epithelial cells have wild-type p53, the question arose as to whether they are also sensitive to CD437-induced apoptosis. To address this question, we compared and contrasted the effects of CD437 on apoptosis induction and the expression of several p53-regulated apoptosis-related genes between normal human lung epithelial cells and human lung cancer cells containing wild-type p53. CD437 induced apoptosis as evidenced by apoptotic morphological changes, increased DNA fragmentation, and activation of caspase cascades in two lung cancer cell lines but not in two normal human lung epithelial cells. CD437 selectively increased the p53 protein level and concomitantly induced the expression of several p53-regulated apoptosisrelated genes including Bax, Fas, DR4, and DR5 only in the two lung cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the normal lung epithelial cells, which expressed constitutively higher levels of two antiapoptotic decoy receptors DcR1 and DcR2 than lung cancer cells, exhibited an increase in the expression of these receptors after CD437 treatment, whereas no increase was detected in lung cancer cells. These results predict a differential effect of CD437 on tumor and normal cells in vivo and strongly suggest that CD437 may be a useful agent for chemoprevention and/or treatment of human cancer, especially lung cancer.
Test-Retest Reliability of the Dispositional Resilience Scale-15, a Brief Hardiness Scale

Test-retest correlations provide the most appropriate estimate of reliability when short scales are used to measure complex constructs. A brief, 15-item hardiness scale was developed from a longer version known as the Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS), which first appeared in 1989. This short hardiness scale (DRS–15) has the advantages of brevity, good internal consistency, and validity (Barone, 1995, 1999); however, test-retest reliability has not yet been estimated. The present study addresses this issue, using a sample of 104 military academy cadets. The 3-wk. test-retest reliability coefficient was . 78.
Comprehensive Method for Detecting Phishing EmailsUsing Correlation-based Analysis and User Participation

Phishing email has become a popular solution among attackers to steal all kinds of data from people and easily breach organizations' security. Hackers use multiple techniques and tricks to raise the chances of success of their attacks, like using information found on social networking websites to tailor their emails to the target's interests, or targeting employees of an organization who probably can't spot a phishing email or malicious websites and avoid sending emails to IT people or employees from Security department. In this paper we focus on analyzing the coherence of information contained in the different parts of the email: Header, Body, and URLs. After analyzing multiple phishing emails we discovered that there is always incoherence between these different parts. We created a comprehensive method which uses a set of rules that correlates the information collected from analyzing the header, body and URLs of the email and can even include the user in the detection process. We take into account that there is no such thing called perfection, so even if an email is classified as legitimate, our system will still send a warning to the user if the email is suspicious enough. This way even if a phishing email manages to escape our system, the user can still be protected.
X-ray Imaging of Transplanar Liquid Transport Mechanisms in Single Layer Textiles.

Understanding the penetration of liquids within textile fibers is critical for the development of next-generation smart textiles. Despite substantial research on liquid penetration in the plane of the textile, little is known about how the liquid penetrates in the thickness direction. Here we report a time-resolved high-resolution X-ray measurement of the motion of the liquid-air interface within a single layer textile, as the liquid is transported across the textile thickness following the deposition of a droplet. The measurement of the time-dependent position of the liquid meniscus is made possible by the use of ultrahigh viscosity liquids (dynamic viscosity from 105 to 2.5 × 106 times larger than water). This approach enables imaging due to the slow penetration kinetics. Imaging results suggest a three-stage penetration process with each stage being associated with one of the three types of capillary channels existing in the textile geometry, providing insights into the effect of the textile structure on the path of the three-dimensional liquid meniscus. One dimensional kinetics studies show that our data for the transplanar penetration depth ΔxL vs time do not conform to a power law, and that the measured rate of penetration for long times is smaller than that predicted by Lucas-Washburn kinetics, challenging commonly held assumptions regarding the validity of power laws when applied to relatively thin textiles.
Immediate Effect of Internal Reward on Visual Adaptation

In the past decade, there has been an increasing interest in the effects of rewards on visual perception. Exogenous rewards have been shown to increase visual sensitivity and to affect attentional selection. Human beings, however, also feel rewarded by the correct execution of a task. It has been proposed that this form of endogenous reward triggers reinforcement signals in the brain, making the sensory system more sensitive to stimuli that have been extensively and repeatedly paired with the rewarding experiences and modulating long-term cortical plasticity. Here, we report the striking observation that a well-known visual illusion, the tilt aftereffect, which is due to a form of short-term cortical plasticity, is immediately enhanced by a concurrent and independent target-recognition process. Our results show that endogenous rewards can alter visual experience with virtually no delay.