Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eddy-Induced Instability for Low-Frequency Variability

Synoptic eddy–mean ﬂow interaction has been recognized as one of the key sources for extratropical low- frequency variability. In this paper, the underlying dynamics of this interaction are examined from the perspective of a synoptic eddy-induced dynamic instability. To delineate this instability, a barotropic model is used that is linearized with respect to a stochastic basic ﬂow prescribed with both climatologic-mean ﬂow and synoptic eddy statistics. This linear model captures the dynamics of feedback between synoptic eddy and low- frequency ﬂow through a dynamic closure that relates the anomalous eddy vorticity forcing to low-frequency ﬂowanomalies. Afterreducingthisdynamicclosuretoits fundamentalcomponents, thisstabilityiselucidated withanalyticalresultsunderthemostidealizedconsiderationof basicﬂow. It isshownthat throughsystematic alteration of the synoptic eddy structures in the basic ﬂow, a low-frequency planetary-scale perturbation generates anomalous eddy vorticity forcing positively proportional to the vorticity of the perturbation. Such a perturbation ampliﬁes itself; the energy source for its growth comes from the reservoir residing in the basic synoptic eddy activity. Thus, the growth rate of the synoptic eddy-induced dynamic instability depends primarily on the kinetic energy level of the basic synoptic eddy activity. Moreover, this instability is scale se- lective with preference for zonal symmetric and asymmetric planetary-scale modes, whose meridional and zonal scales are roughly in the range of those of the observed leading low-frequency patterns. Analysis of this synoptic eddy-induced instability provides insight into the origin of extratropical low-frequency variability.
Continuous Integration and Quality Assurance: a case study of two open source projects

A decentralized variant of continuous integration can be defined in terms of two fundamental rules: (1) Developers’ access to add contributions to the development version at any time, and (2) developers’ obligation to integrate their own contributions properly. Decentralized, continuous integration may adapt well to organizations where developers work relatively independently, as in many open source projects. The approach raises the issue of how these organizations can exercise central control, as attaining the benefits of continuous integration requires that contributions are useful and satisfy the project’s definition of successful integration. We have investigated the use of continuous integration in FreeBSD and Mozilla. Our account of quality assurance activities in the two open source projects distinguishes between Mintzberg’s three complementary forms of central control: Standardization and control of work output, work processes, and worker skills. Our study indicates that two major challenges face projects using decentralized, continuous integration: (1) To balance the access to add contributions against the need to stabilize and mature the software prior to a release, and (2) to consider the developers’ limited time and resources when interpreting their obligation to integrate their changes properly.
Simulation of the Performance Metrics for Securing DSDV Routing Protocol Based on Trusted Environments

To organize the network in an efficient way to minimize the risk of illegal node and to safeguard protected information, a security mechanism is required to secure communication. In addition, a security mechanism is also required to ensure that received information have not been tampered with. In this paper, a more efficient mechanism for Securing the Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing Protocol (SDSDV) is proposed. This paper comprehensively investigates the performance impacts by varying the number of maximum connections and mobility on securing the ad hoc network with Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing Protocol (DSDV) Routing Protocol. From simulation results, we explore the causes for performance degradation. Based on the investigation, we indicate that we have to impose restrictions on the maximum connections to acquire an expected performance. These results also reveal that the performance decreases with the increment of the mobility and maximum connections that is unequal to 60. If we want to obtain the optimal performance, the number of nodes in a network should be constrained to be 60 if the maximum connections are 60.
Power allocation for two-user cognitive multiple access channels under primary user outage constraint

This paper considers a two-user spectrum sharing cognitive radio multiple access channel (CR-MAC) coexisting with a pair of primary users (PUs). Different from the existing works in CR-MAC where the interference power constraint is applied to protect the PU transmission, a more advanced protection criterion over the interference power constraint, namely PU outage constraint, is adopted in this paper to not only protect the PU transmission but also improve the performance of the CR-MAC. Under such a constraint as well as the transmit power constraint, an iterative power allocation algorithm is proposed to maximize the ergodic sum capacity of the CR-MAC. It is shown by extensive simulations that the proposed power allocation algorithm significantly outperforms the existing algorithm based on the interference power constraint, with the same resultant PU outage probability.
Does Peacetime Military Service Affect Crime?

Draft lottery data combined with Danish longitudinal administrative records show that military service can reduce criminal activity for youth offenders who enter service at ages 19-22. For this group property crime is reduced for up to five years from the beginning of service, and the effect is therefore not only a result of incapacitation while enrolled. We find no effect of service on violent crimes. We also find no effect of military service on educational attainment and unemployment, but we find negative effects of service on earnings. These results suggest that military service does not upgrade productive human capital directly, but rather impacts criminal activity through other channels, for example by changing the attitudes to criminal activity for this group.
Motor activation during observation of unusual versus ordinary actions in infancy

Infants make predictions about actions they observe already during the first year of life. To investigate the role of the motor system in predicting the end state of observed actions, 12-month-old infants were shown movies of ordinary and extraordinary object-directed actions. The stimuli displayed a female actor who picked up an everyday object (a cup or a phone) and brought it to either her mouth or her ear. In this way, a similar movement could be ordinary (e.g., cup to mouth) or extraordinary (e.g., phone to mouth) depending on the object used. Infants' EEG and eye movements were recorded. We found a significantly stronger motor activation, indicated by a stronger desynchronization in the mu-frequency band over fronto-central areas, during observation of extraordinary compared to ordinary actions. This is explained within the computational framework of Kilner, Friston, and Frith (2007), who suggest that the motor system is used to generate predictions about actions we observe. If the observed action deviates from the initially expected path, additional predictions have to be generated, resulting in a stronger motor activation during perception of extraordinary actions. In sum, it appears that from early in life, the motor system is involved in making predictions about how an observed action will end.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY MODELS AND GUIDELINES FOR E-PROCUREMENT PROJECTS: THE DESIGN PHASE

We present a methodology for developing public eProcurement projects by means of a multidisciplinary approach. The set of expertises needed for the design of eProcurement systems is wide and ranging from juridical, to technological components which have to be faced in a unique vision The methodology has two macro-phases, namely eReadiness and Design of the eProcurement solution; in this paper we focus on the design phase. Our aim is to bring out a number of issues, which are currently challenging many eGovernment projects, through an integrated approach by encompassing sociological, economic, organizational, juridical and technological factors. Technological issues consider cooperative architectures and the impact of data quality on eProcurement process quality.
On the Extended Relationships Among EVM, BER and SNR as Performance Metrics

In this paper, we relate the error vector magnitude (EVM) bit error rate (BER) and signal to noise ratio (SNR). We also present the fact that with such relationship it would be possible to predict or in cases substitute EVM in places of BER or even SNR. In doing so, we first define EVM with normalization so that the definition stands for multi-modulation systems, viz. binary phas shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) etc. We also compare among the different performance metrics and show that EVM can be equivalently useful as signal to noise ratio and bit error rate. The relationships are based on stream based communication systems. A few Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to illustrate the performance of EVM based on these relationships.
Toward specifying the nature of the relationship between expressed emotion and schizophrenic relapse: the utility of curvilinear models

Although expressed emotion (EE) has been demonstrated to be associated with the course of schizophrenia, the nature of this relationship is unclear. This study proposes that testing for curvilinear relationships can identify the specific nature of the relationships between EE indices and relapse. The utility of curvilinear models was explored through a reanalysis of data from a prior study of EE among Mexican‐Americans (Karno et al., 1987). The results suggest that the relationship between the EE index of emotional overinvolvement (EOI) and relapse is curvilinear and that high levels of EOI may exert a toxic effect on course of illness whereas medium levels of EOI may be protective. The relationship between the EE index of warmth and relapse is also curvilinear and high levels of warmth appear to exert a protective effect on the course of illness. The role of culture is explored in explaining the specific manner in which EE relates to relapse among Mexican‐Americans. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting the potential distribution patterns of the rare plant Gymnocarpos przewalskii under present and future climate change

Knowledge about the geographic distribution of the rare and relic plant Gymnocarpos przewalskii is very important to inform conservation strategies. In this study, we attempt to simulate and predict the potential geographic distribution of the species under present and future climate change, using the model of maximum entropy (Maxent), a species distributional model. We created predicting models based on sixteen sampled localities and nineteen environmental layers. Our results indicated that the simulated present distributions agree well with the actual distribution ranges. Under the future climate scenario with Maximum and energy requirements, the G. przewalskii shift broadly northward and westward. Distribution patterns of the rare species changed greatly.
International Aspects of World Wide Web Usability and the Role of High-End Graphical Enhancements

Through 2 experiments, we examined both international differences and the effects of high-end graphical enhancements on the perceived usability of World Wide Web (WWW) sites. To accomplish this goal, we recruited Internet users from Switzerland and the United States to explore 1 of 2 versions of a Web site with the goal of retrieving specific information from the site. The first Web site was a self-contained subset of a large corporate Web site, and the second was a systematically simplified version of the first. After retrieving the required information from the site, participants responded to questions regarding their perception of the Web site's usability and its information presentation. Their responses provided detailed insights into significant differences between WWW users from 2 different cultures with respect to how they perceive the same Web sites. The importance of basic user demographics is documented, and empirical evidence is provided that devalues some high-end graphical enhancements.
Utilizing Data on Academic Dishonesty at the University of New Mexico

Academic integrity (AI) and academic dishonesty (AD) have been intensified areas of concern in higher education. This research study explored issues of students’ AD at the University of New Mexico (UNM). With the rise in academic dishonesty, this study was conducted with the intention of determining how AD can be deterred or discouraged. Students were asked questions regarding their previous cheating behavior, their future cheating behavior, and the reasons why they did or will cheat. The demographics of academic major (business, education, engineering, and social science), gender (male and female), or race (White and Hispanic) were studied to determine if they affect their AD. In addition, UNM, was compared to other Carnegie Very High and High Research (CHR) institutions and Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSI) to explore if these unique categories make a difference in the responses for the research questions. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were made for interventions to deter academic dishonesty. A model of Students’ Academic Experience (SAE) and Academic Dishonesty (AD) with Interventions (labeled the KAE model or “K Model”) is shown.
Pan PPAR agonist IVA337 is effective in prevention and treatment of experimental skin fibrosis

Background The pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) involves a distinctive triad of autoimmune, vascular and inflammatory alterations resulting in fibrosis. Evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play an important role in SSc-related fibrosis and their agonists may become effective therapeutic targets. Objective To determine the expression of PPARs in human fibrotic skin and investigate the effects of IVA337, a pan PPAR agonist, in in vitro and in vivo models of fibrosis. Methods The antifibrotic effects of IVA337 were studied using a bleomycin-induced mouse model of dermal fibrosis. The in vivo effect of IVA337 on wound closure and inflammation were studied using an excisional model of wound healing. Results Low levels of PPARα and PPARγ were detected in the skin of patients with SSc compared with controls. In mice, IVA337 was associated with decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and reduced expression of phosphorylated SMAD2/3—intracellular effector of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Although the antifibrotic effect of pan PPAR was similar to that of PPARγ agonist alone, a significant downregulation of several markers of inflammation was associated with IVA337. Despite its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties, IVA337 did not interfere with wound closure. In vitro effects of IVA337 included attenuation of transcription of ECM genes and alteration of canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signalling pathways. Conclusions These findings indicate that simultaneous activation of all three PPAR isoforms exerts a dampening effect on inflammation and fibrosis, making IVA337 a potentially effective therapeutic candidate in the treatment of fibrotic diseases including SSc.
APPLICATION OF THE SCHWARZ-CHRISTOFFEL TRANSFORMATION IN SOLVING TWO-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENT FLOWS IN COMPLEX GEOMETRIES

In this paper, two-dimensional turbulent flows in different and complex geometries are simulated by using an accurate grid generation method. In order to analyze the fluid flow, numerical solution of the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations are solved using CFD techniques. Considering the complexity of the physical geometry, conformal mapping is used to generate an orthogonal grid by means of the Schwarz-Christoffel transformation. The standard k-ε turbulence model is employed to simulate the mean turbulent flow field, using a linear low-Re k-ε model for near wall region. The governing equations are transformed in the computational domain and the discretized forms of these equations are obtained by the control volume method. Finite difference forms of the governing equations are solved in the computational plane and the SIMPLE algorithm is used for the pressurevelocity coupling. The important part of the present work is based on the numerical integration of Schwraz-Christoffel transformation in grid generation for simulating fluid flow in different complex geometries. To validate the computational results, the theoareticil data is compared with that of theoretical results achieved by other investigators, which are in reasonable agreement.
Numerical solution of free-boundary problems in fluid mechanics. Part 3. Bubble deformation in an axisymmetric straining flow

We consider the deformation of a bubble in a uniaxial extensional flow for Reynolds numbers in the range 0.1 [les ] R [les ] 100. The computations show that the bubble bursts at a relatively early stage of deformation for R [ges ] O(10), never reaching the highly elongated shapes observed and predicted at lower Reynolds numbers. We also compute the deformation of the bubble under the assumption of potential flow, and conclude that the potential-flow solution provides a good approximation to the real flow in this case for R [ges ] O(100).
Neuropathic Pain in Elderly Patients with Chronic Low Back Painand Effects of Pregabalin: A Preliminary Study

Study Design Preliminary study. Purpose To assess the association of neuropathic pain with chronic low back pain (LBP) and the effect of pregabalin on neuropathic pain in the elderly. Overview of Literature Of those with chronic LBP, 37% were predominantly presenting with neuropathic pain in young adults. Pregabalin is effective for pain in patients with diabetic neuropathy and peripheral neuralgia. No study has reported on the effects of pregabalin for chronic LBP in elderly patients yet. Methods Pregabalin was administered to 32 patients (age, ≥65 years) with chronic LBP for 4 weeks. Pain and activities of daily living were assessed using the Neuropathic Pain Screening Questionnaire (NePSQ), the pain DETECT questionnaire, visual analog scale, the Japanese Orthopedic Association score, the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Modic change and spinal canal stenosis were investigated using magnetic resonance imaging. Results Altogether, 43.3% of patients had neuropathic pain according to the NePSQ and 15.6% patients had pain according to the pain DETECT. The efficacy rate of pregabalin was 73.3%. A significant effect was observed in patients with neuropathic pain after 4 weeks of administration. Conclusions Neuropathic pain was slightly less frequently associated with chronic LBP in the elderly. Pregabalin was effective in reducing pain in patients with chronic LBP accompanied with neuropathic pain. Lumbar spinal stenosis and lower limb symptoms were observed in patients with neuropathic pain. We recommend the use of pregabalin for patients after evaluating a screening score, clinical symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging studies.
Privacy-asa-Service : Models , Algorithms , and Results on the Facebook Platform

The current set of social networking platforms, e.g. Facebook and MySpace, has created a new class of Internet applications called social software. These systems focus on leveraging the real life relationships of people and augment them with the facilities and the richness of the Web. However, social platforms and software are not without drawbacks and significant concerns. One of the most important considerations is the need to allow strong security and privacy protections. In addition, these protections need to be easy to use and apply uniformly across platforms and applications. This paper provides a first step in resolving these issues.
Talking with your mouth full: the role of a mediating tool in shaping collective positioning

Research on classroom discourse has long underscored the integral role of social interaction in learning, yet designing for and supporting meaningful classroom interaction often remains a challenge. This paper examines the ways that elementary school students are positioned and position themselves during activities aimed at promoting reflexivity about small-group math discussions. We examine one student group's participation in three such activities over eight months' time and specifically highlight the role of a mediating tool that was designed to support participation-centered rather than ability-centered conceptions of learning. Our aim is to examine how one focal group's math discussions were or were not shaped by the tool in ways that were consequential for productive collaborative engagement.
2.4GHz energy harvesting for wireless sensor network

This paper presents the analysis of the performance of charge pump, and the design strategy and efficiency optimization of 2.4GHz micro-power charge pump using 65nm CMOS technology. The model of the charge pump takes account of the threshold voltage variation, bulk modulation, and the major parasitic capacitor. Charge pump is sensitive to the input voltage swing and the actual input voltage swing is less after the capacitor divider, which generates the optimized size transistor. From the mathematic model of the charge pump, the relationship between the charge pump performance and design parameter is presented. After parameter analysis and performance discussion, a design procedure to maximize performance is presented. Corresponding to the design procedure presented in this paper, a high efficiency charge pump at 2.4GHz is presented.
WITH M ICROPHONE A RRAYS

In this paper we present a real-time microphone array system which performs 3D source localization, multi channel speech enhancement and robust speech recognition. The acoustic source localization uses the SRP-PHAT method [1] to produce potential source locations. A clustering algorithm excludes outliers and enables a multi source tracking. The localizations are finally optimally filtered with an appropriate Kalman filter. The proposed speech enhancement, a weighted subarray Delay-and-Sum beamformer, is designed to cope with the problem of diffuse noise and changing speaker positions subject to minimization of the word error rate (WER) of an automatic speech recognition system (ASR). The proposed algorithm reduces the WER by more than 50 % compared to the WER of a single microphone signal.
Type checking records and variants in a natural extension of ML

Strongly typed languages with records may have inclusion rules so that records with more fields can be used instead of records with less fields. But these rules lead to a global treatment of record types as a special case. We solve this problem by giving an ordinary status to records without any ad hoc assertions, replacing inclusion rules by extra information in record types. With this encoding ML naturally extends its polymorphism to records but any other host language will also transmit its power.
Noncommutative Geometry and String Duality

A review of the applications of noncommutative geometry to a systematic formulation of duality symmetries in string theory is presented. The spectral triples associated with a lattice vertex operator algebra and the corresponding Dirac-Ramond operators are constructed and shown to naturally incorporate target space and discrete worldsheet dualities as isometries of the noncommutative space. The target space duality and diffeomorphism symmetries are shown to act as gauge transformations of the geometry. The connections with the noncommutative torus and Matrix Theory compactifications are also discussed.