Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Ant Colony Approach For The Steiner Tree Problem

One ant is placed initially at each of the given terminal vertices that are to be connected. In each iteration, an ant is moved to a new location via an edge, determined stochastically, but biased in such a manner that the ants get drawn to the paths traced out by one another. Each ant maintains its own separate list of vertices already visited to avoid revisiting it. When any ant collides with another ant, or even with the path of another, it merges into the latter. An antm , currently at a vertexi , selects a vertex j not in its tabu list ) (m T , to move to, only if E j i ∈ ) , ( . In order to ensure that the ants merge with one another as quickly as possible, we define a potential for each vertex j in V , with respect to an ant m as follows,
Molecular cloning and expression of a murine homolog of the human poliovirus receptor gene

The poliovirus receptor (Pvr) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins, but its function in the cell is not known. Southern blot hybridization analysis indicated that the murine genome contains a sequence homolog of pvr. As a first step toward using the murine pvr homolog (mph) to study the function of Pvr, murine genomic and cDNA clones encoding mph were isolated. mph encodes a polypeptide with extensive sequence similarity to the extracellular domains of the human PVR. mph mRNAs of 2.0 and 3.0 kb are transcribed in the adult mouse brain, the spinal cord, the spleen, the kidney, the heart, and the liver. The Mph protein does not function as a receptor for poliovirus. However, substitution of domain 1 of the Mph protein with the corresponding sequence from pvr produced a chimeric receptor that could bind poliovirus and lead to productive infection. By constructing pvr-mph chimeras, it will be possible to identify the contact points of poliovirus within domain 1 of Pvr. Identification of the ligand and the cellular function of the Mph protein may help us understand the role of Pvr in the cell.
Positive Adjustment to Threatening Events: An Organismic Valuing Theory of Growth through Adversity

A positive psychological theory of growth through adversity is proposed. The organismic valuing theory of growth through adversity posits an intrinsic motivation toward growth, showing how this leads to the states of intrusion and avoidance that are characteristic of cognitive-emotional processing after trauma. The theory posits 3 possible outcomes of this cognitive-emotional processing, namely, assimilation, negative accommodation, and positive accommodation. The theory shows how the organismic valuing process will automatically lead to the actualization of positive changes in psychological well-being, through the positive accommodation of the new trauma-related information, provided that the social environment is able to support this positive accommodation process.
A Comparison of Death Anxiety and Denial in Death-Risk and Death-Exposure Occupations

This study investigates the relationship between death anxiety and denial scale scores of persons employed in death-risk (DRG), death-exposure (DEG), or low-risk (CG) occupations. Participants were active duty military (DRG), health care providers (DEG), and college students (CG). Death anxiety instruments selected were Hoelter's Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale (MFODS) and Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). Spielberger's Rationality/Emotional Defensiveness (R/ED) Scale was the denial measure. The two death anxiety scales were positively correlated (p = .001). There was no significant difference between groups on the MFODS nor the DAS. There was an inverse correlation between death anxiety and denial measures; the correlation was significant for the health care providers (DEG). Gender effect does not explain these differences. While age and occupational measures are confounded in this research design, additional analyses yielded similar findings (r = –.337, p = .01). The results are interpreted according to perceptual control theory.
Attributional complexity as a moderator of dissonance-produced attitude change.

The complexity of one's attributional schemas was predicted to attenuate dissonance-produced attitude change after one writes a counterattitudinal essay (favoring yearly tuition increases). In both Experiments 1 and 2, participants high on attributional complexity (AC) exhibited less of a dissonance (choice) effect than those low on AC. The proposed explanation that AC allows for better external justification of a dissonant act was supported in Experiment 2, in which participants listed their reasons for writing the counterattitudinal essay. No support was found for the views that high-AC participants reduce dissonance through trivialization or that high-AC participants are more tolerant of dissonance than low-AC participants.
Integrating Multiple Dependency Corpora for Inducing Wide-coverage Japanese CCG Resources

A novel method to induce wide-coverage Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) resources for Japanese is proposed in this article. For some languages including English, the availability of large annotated corpora and the development of data-based induction of lexicalized grammar have enabled deep parsing, i.e., parsing based on lexicalized grammars. However, deep parsing for Japanese has not been widely studied. This is mainly because most Japanese syntactic resources are represented in chunk-based dependency structures, while previous methods for inducing grammars are dependent on tree corpora. To translate syntactic information presented in chunk-based dependencies to phrase structures as accurately as possible, integration of annotation from multiple dependency-based corpora is proposed. Our method first integrates dependency structures and predicate-argument information and converts them into phrase structure trees. The trees are then transformed into CCG derivations in a similar way to previously proposed methods. The quality of the conversion is empirically evaluated in terms of the coverage of the obtained CCG lexicon and the accuracy of the parsing with the grammar. While the transforming process used in this study is specialized for Japanese, the framework of our method would be applicable to other languages for which dependency-based analysis has been regarded as more appropriate than phrase structure-based analysis due to morphosyntactic features.
Pressure dependence of the electronic properties of cubic III-V In compounds.

Ces proprietes sont evaluees dans l'approximation de densite locale en utilisant des pseudo-potentiels non locaux a conservation de norme. On presente les potentiels de deformation hydrostatique et la pression de la transition progressive depuis la bande interdite directe a celle indirecte
Distinguishing Perceptions of Control From Self‐Efficacy: Predicting Consumption of a Low‐Fat Diet Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

The aims of the present study are fourfold: to apply the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to eating a low-fat diet; to consider differences between self-efficacy and perceived control over behavior (PCB); to examine self-identity as a potential addition to the model; and to identify beliefs which may provide useful targets for interventions. Findings support the efficacy of the TPB as a predictor of low-fat diet. Evidence for the distinction between self-efficacy and PCB was provided by principal components analysis, patterns in prediction of intention, and the control beliefs associated with the two constructs. Self-identity was found to independently predict intention and may prove a useful addition to the TPB. Finally, specific beliefs distinguished intenders from nonintenders, providing potential targets for health interventions. The findings are discussed in the context of previous TPB research and the need for multimethod assessments of behavior.
Students, Computers and Mathematics: How do they interact in the Teaching-Learning Process? (An Empirical Study on Accounting, Management and Marketing Undergraduate Students)

The study takes the scale of Galbraith and Hines (1998, 2000) and arguments exposed by Galbraith, Hines and Pemberton (1999), Cretchley, Harman, Ellerton and Fogarty (2000), McDougall and Karadag (2009), Gomez-Chacon and Haines, (2008), Goldenberg (2003), Moursund (2003), about Mathematics confidence, Mathematics motivation, Computer confidence, Computer motivation, Computer and Mathematics interaction and Mathematics engagement. In the same way the arguments of Garcia and Edel (2008), Garcia-Santillan and Escalera (2011), Garcia-Santillan, Escalera and Edel (2011) about variables associated with the use of ICT as a didactic strategy in teaching-learning process in order to establish a relationship between students perception with the teaching-learning process and technology. Therefore this paper examines the relationships between students attitudes towards mathematics and technology in a study carried out in the Universidad Autonoma of San Luis Potosi Unidad Zona Media. 214 questionnaires were applied to undergraduate students in Accounting, Management and Marketing. The statistical procedure was the factorial analysis with extracted principal component. The Statistics Hypothesis: Ho: ρ = 0 have no corelation Ha: ρ ≠0 have correlation. Statistic test to prove: Χ 2 , Esphericyty test of Bartlett, KMO (Kaiser-Meyer_Olkin) Significancy level: α =0.05; p c 2 tablas. The results obtained of sphericyty test of Bartlett KMO (.703), Chi square X 2 92.928 > c 2 tables, Sig. 0.00 < p 0.01, MSA (CONFIMA .731; MOTIMA .691; COMPIMA .741; CONFICO .686 and INTEMAC .694) provide evidence to reject Ho. Thus, the variables implicated Mathematics confidence, Mathematics motivation, Computer confidence, Computer motivation, Computer-Mathematics interaction and Mathematics engagement, help to understand the student’s attitude toward mathematics and technology. Keywords: Mathematics confidence, Mathematics motivation, Computer confidence, Computer motivation, Computer and Mathematics interaction, Mathematics engagement.
Mammalian Neurogenesis Requires Treacle-Plk1 for Precise Control of Spindle Orientation, Mitotic Progression, and Maintenance of Neural Progenitor Cells

The cerebral cortex is a specialized region of the brain that processes cognitive, motor, somatosensory, auditory, and visual functions. Its characteristic architecture and size is dependent upon the number of neurons generated during embryogenesis and has been postulated to be governed by symmetric versus asymmetric cell divisions, which mediate the balance between progenitor cell maintenance and neuron differentiation, respectively. The mechanistic importance of spindle orientation remains controversial, hence there is considerable interest in understanding how neural progenitor cell mitosis is controlled during neurogenesis. We discovered that Treacle, which is encoded by the Tcof1 gene, is a novel centrosome- and kinetochore-associated protein that is critical for spindle fidelity and mitotic progression. Tcof1/Treacle loss-of-function disrupts spindle orientation and cell cycle progression, which perturbs the maintenance, proliferation, and localization of neural progenitors during cortical neurogenesis. Consistent with this, Tcof1 +/− mice exhibit reduced brain size as a consequence of defects in neural progenitor maintenance. We determined that Treacle elicits its effect via a direct interaction with Polo-like kinase1 (Plk1), and furthermore we discovered novel in vivo roles for Plk1 in governing mitotic progression and spindle orientation in the developing mammalian cortex. Increased asymmetric cell division, however, did not promote increased neuronal differentiation. Collectively our research has therefore identified Treacle and Plk1 as novel in vivo regulators of spindle fidelity, mitotic progression, and proliferation in the maintenance and localization of neural progenitor cells. Together, Treacle and Plk1 are critically required for proper cortical neurogenesis, which has important implications in the regulation of mammalian brain size and the pathogenesis of congenital neurodevelopmental disorders such as microcephaly.
Learning , Forecasting and Structural Breaks 1 July 2004

The literature on structural breaks focuses on ex post identification of break points that may have occurred in the past. While this question is important, a more challenging problem facing econometricians is to provide forecasts when the data generating process is unstable. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general methodology for forecasting in the presence of model instability. We make no assumptions on the number of break points or the law of motion governing parameter changes. Our approach makes use of Bayesian methods of model comparison and learning in order to provide an optimal predictive density from which forecasts can be derived. Estimates for the posterior probability that a break occurred at a particular point in the sample are generated as a byproduct of our procedure. We discuss the importance of using priors that accurately reflect the econometrician’s opinions as to what constitutes a plausible forecast. Several applications to macroeconomic time-series data demonstrate the usefulness of our procedure.
Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis Agent and Ehrlichia chaffeensis Reside in Different Cytoplasmic Compartments in HL-60 Cells

ABSTRACT The human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent resides and multiplies exclusively in cytoplasmic vacuoles of granulocytes. Double immunofluorescence labeling was used to characterize the nature of the HGE agent replicative inclusions and to compare them with inclusions containing the human monocytic ehrlichia, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, in HL-60 cells. Although both Ehrlichiaspp. can coinfect HL-60 cells, they resided in separate inclusions. Inclusions of both Ehrlichia spp. were not labeled with either anti-lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 or anti-CD63. Accumulation of myeloperoxidase-positive granules were seen around HGE agent inclusions but not around E. chaffeensis inclusions. 3-(2,4-Dinitroanilino)-3′-amino-N-methyldipropylamine and acridine orange were not localized to either inclusion type. Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase was not colocalized with HGE agent inclusions but was weakly colocalized with E. chaffeensisinclusions. E. chaffeensis inclusions were labeled with the transferrin receptor, early endosomal antigen 1, and rab5, but HGE agent inclusions were not. Some HGE agent and E. chaffeensis inclusions colocalized with major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigens. These two inclusions were not labeled for annexins I, II, IV, and VI; α-adaptin; clathrin heavy chain; or β-coatomer protein. Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 colocalized to both inclusions. The cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor was not colocalized with either inclusion type. Endogenously synthesized sphingomyelin, from C6-NBD-ceramide, was not incorporated into either inclusion type. Brefeldin A did not affect the growth of either Ehrlichia sp. in HL-60 cells. These results suggest that the HGE agent resides in inclusions which are neither early nor late endosomes and does not fuse with lysosomes or Golgi-derived vesicles, while E. chaffeensis resides in an early endosomal compartment which accumulates the transferrin receptor.
An empirical large signal model for silicon carbide MESFETs

In this paper, a large signal table-based model for SiC MESFET is presented. A packaged commercially available high power MESFET device (CREE CRF24010) is adopted for the model development. The extracted bias-dependent elements of the small signal model as well as the measured DC data are mathematically described by small modification of Angelov's formulation. Dispersion between DC and RF characteristics of the drain current is also observed and interpreted. The new model is capable to predict small signal as well as large signal performance accurately. A single stage ultra broadband 5 W power amplifier has been developed to verify the derived model. A good agreement has been obtained between simulated and measured results.
High-Maintenance Students: A Conceptual Exploration and Implications

This article explores high-maintenance students in the university setting: those students who complain and whine, beyond reasonable limits, thereby exhausting their instructor’s energy. By drawing heavily on the personality literature, I advance a conceptual foundation, research propositions, and suggestions for future research regarding high-maintenance students. Specifically, the abridged big five dimensional circumplex (AB5DC) model is applied to examine the multivariate influence of dispositional profiles on high-maintenance student behaviors. Finally, implications for instructors are explored, as drawn from the education and management literature base.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Hepatitis E Virus in Northwest India

Genotyping and subtyping are important to understand epidemiology of the hepatitis E virus so as to improve control measures to prevent transmission of virus in the community. Hence, the aim of the current study was to identify the prevalent HEV genotypes in Rajasthan in acute sporadic hepatitis E cases with varying degree of liver failure. We studied hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolates from hospitalized patients in Rajasthan, western India. In a total of seventeen HEV sequences, six acute viral hepatitis, seven acute liver failure, and 4 acute- on-chronic cases were analyzed. Subtypes 1a and 1c of HEV are prevalent in Northwest India.
Fleets: Scalable Services in a Factored Operating System

Current monolithic operating systems are designed for uniprocessor systems, and their architecture reflects this. The rise of multicore and cloud computing is drastically changing the tradeoffs in operating system design. The culture of scarce computational resources is being replaced with one of abundant cores, where spatial layout of processes supplants time multiplexing as the primary scheduling concern. Efforts to parallelize monolithic kernels have been difficult and only marginally successful, and new approaches are needed. This paper presents fleets, a novel way of constructing scalable OS services. With fleets, traditional OS services are factored out of the kernel and moved into user space, where they are further parallelized into a distributed set of concurrent, message-passing servers. We evaluate fleets within fos, a new factored operating system designed from the ground up with scalability as the first-order design constraint. This paper details the main design principles of fleets, and how the system architecture of fos enables their construction. We describe the design and implementation of three critical fleets (network stack, page allocation, and file system) and compare with Linux. These comparisons show that fos achieves superior performance and has better scalability than Linux for large multicores; at 32 cores, fos’s page allocator performs 4.5× better than Linux, and fos’s network stack performs 2.5× better. Additionally, we demonstrate how fleets can adapt to changing resource demand, and the importance of spatial scheduling for good performance in multicores.
Inappropriate capture by diversionary dynamic elements

Greater capture of attention by a diversionary element that appeared to move (a dynamic stimulus) than by one that was static was shown in six experiments. In Experiment 1, an irrelevant dynamic stimulus captured attention when there were either two, four, or eight elements on the screen, and was shown with irregularly spaced characters. In the subsequent experiments, a dynamic element captured attention even when the targets never appeared at that location. In Experiment 6, when the response was in error, that response was most likely to be the identity of the character near the location of the dynamic diversionary element. These data could not be accounted for by either an attentional control setting, or a singleton detection mode hypothesis. The targets were the same throughout each experiment and only the type of diversions differed. The data seem to reflect the greater strength of dynamic stimuli in capturing attention.
Job satisfaction: a survey of nurses in the Republic of Ireland.

AIM To determine the current level of job satisfaction among nurses in the Republic of Ireland. To identify the factors that make the greatest contribution to nurses' current level of job satisfaction. To establish the difference between (a) the factors that nurses regard as being important to their job satisfaction, and (b) those factors that actually contribute to nurses' current level of job satisfaction. To enter the findings into a database maintained by Market Street Research in the USA. BACKGROUND A review of the literature suggests that (a) job satisfaction among nurses is low, and (b) job satisfaction research in nursing is growing. METHODS This paper represents the descriptive findings of a study that used a mixed-method design. Data collection involved the use of a postal questionnaire survey and the sample was selected using stratified random sampling. FINDINGS The findings confirmed low to moderate levels of job satisfaction among nurses. Factors such as professional status, interaction and autonomy made the greatest contribution to nurses' job satisfaction. CONCLUSION Overall, the findings are consistent with those of previous research on nurses' job satisfaction. The implications are that health service administrators and nursing managers need to design and implement initiatives that will promote professional status, interaction and autonomy among nurses within their organizations and address the reasons why task requirements, organizational policies and pay make less of a contribution to the current level of job satisfaction.
To go or not to go: The relationship between commuting and withdrawal behavior

The purpose of the study is to check if the costs of commuting reduces job satisfaction and lead to withdrawal. A cross-sectional design is implemented by electronic surveys through a snowball sampling ( N =210) . Regression analysis and SPSS extension called PROCESS is used. Study could not generate enough statistical power to point out a relationship between the time spent during the commute and withdrawal behaviour, between the money spent during the commute and withdrawal behaviuor, between time spent during the commute and job satisfaction. The hypothesized interaction of job satisfaction both on the relationship between the time spent during the commute and withdrawal, and the money spent during the commute and withdrawal behaviour are not supported. The results concluded that monetary costs of commuting reduces job satisfaction, job satisfaction mediates the relationship between the time spent during the commute and withdrawal behaviour. Job satisfaction also found to mediate the relationship between monetary costs of commuting and withdrawal behaviour .