Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel rate control algorithm of video coding based on visual perceptual characteristic

The rate control plays a very important role in video streaming applications. The current rate control scheme in the advance video coding standard H.264/AVC still results in a relatively large quality fluctuation for frame-level with higher motion activities. However, the current video coding standards remove the spatial-temporal redundancy based on the signal statistical correlation. Therefore, to reach higher compression efficiency without perceptually degrading of the reconstructed video signal, the properties of the human visual system need to be better exploited. Research effort has been dedicated to modeling the spatial saliency map based on the properties of HVS. The importance of video image varied with the regions, and human visual attention too varied with the importance of region of video image, so using the attention selectivity properties of the human visual system, the paper proposed video coding rate control method based human visual saliency map in H.264/AVC. For each frame, target bits are allocated through the correction of attention region size between the current frame and previous frame, and for each MB, MB's complexity are modified through the saliency and MAD value of MB. At last, the algorithm was implemented in reference software JM12.2. Simulation results showed that, comparing with traditional algorithm, the proposed reduced the coding bit rate, at the same time, and it also improved the subjective quality of reconstructed video in visual attention region.
Development of educational ontology for software risk analysis

The generic software risk analysis knowledge represents all software risk analysis concepts such as various analysis methodologies and factors, while specific software risk analysis knowledge represents some concepts for the particular problem domain. This paper deals with the representation of generic software risk analysis knowledge using the software risk analysis ontology, which is the sub ontology of software risk management ontology. This ontology can be used as a knowledge component of an information system, Knowledge repository for the e-learning application and can be reused as a sub ontology while constructing an ontology for Software Risk Management. This paper reports the development of the ontology of software risk analysis, its representation in OWL format and its visualization.
Some Complexity Results for Matrix Computations on Parallel Processors

In this pape r it is shown how da ta movemen t , r a the r than ar i thmet ic opera t ions , can be the hml tmg fac tor in the pe r fo rmance o f paral lel compu te r s on matr ix computa t ions In par t icular it is p roved that for machines with two-dimens iona l rec tangula r grid connect ivi ty (such as I L L I A C IV), mui t tphcat lon and inversion o f NxN matrices inherent ly requi re O(N) steps, even if the process ing e lements are no t cons t ra ined to execute identical instruct ions.
Joint Judgments with a Budget : Strategies for Reducing the Cost of Inference

Machine learning techniques are often subjected to test-time budgets, in scenarios that range from choosing which advertisements to show a user of a social network to detecting faces with the limited resources available in a digital camera. Solutions to this problem formulate a trade-off between the cost and quality of a model(Viola & Jones, 2001; Saberian & Vasconcelos, 2010; Xu et al., 2013) by formulating a loss function that combines a measure of error with a measure of computational cost. Minimizing this loss function on a training set drawn from the expected distribution of instances produces a model sensitive to computational cost. However, most work in this field has focused on classifiers that make predictions on independent instances, such as a single user or a single image.
Episodic memory and the self in a case of isolated retrograde amnesia.

Isolated retrograde amnesia is defined as impaired recollection of experiences pre-dating brain injury with relatively preserved anterograde learning and memory. We present findings from a patient (M.L.) with isolated retrograde amnesia following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) that address hypotheses of the interrelationships of focal neuropathology, episodic memory and the self. M.L. is densely amnesic for experiences predating his injury, but shows normal anterograde memory performance on a variety of standard tests of recall and recognition. The cognitive processes underlying this performance were examined with the remember/know technique, which permits separation of episodic from non-episodic contributions to memory tests by quantifying subjects' reports of re-experiencing aspects of the encoding episode. The results demonstrated that M.L. does not episodically re-experience post-injury events to the same extent as control subjects, although he can use familiarity or other non-episodic processes to distinguish events he has experienced from those he has not experienced. M.L. 's MRI showed damage to the right ventral frontal cortex and underlying white matter, including the uncinate fasciculus, a frontotemporal band of fibres previously hypothesized to mediate retrieval of specific events from one's personal past. Recent functional neuroimaging evidence of an association between right frontal lobe functioning and episodic retrieval demands suggest that M.L. 's memory deficits are related to this focal injury. This hypothesis was supported by right frontal polar hypoactivation in M.L. in response to episodic retrieval demands when he was examined with a cognitive activation H2(15)O PET paradigm that reliably activated this frontal region in both healthy controls and patients with TBI carefully matched to M.L. (but without isolated retrograde amnesia). He also showed increased left inferomedial temporal activation relative to control subjects, suggesting that his spared anterograde memory is mediated through increased reliance on medial temporal lobe structures. Re-experiencing events as part of one's past is based on autonoetic awareness, i.e. awareness of oneself as a continuous entity across time. This form of awareness also supports the formulation of future goals and the implementation of a behavioural guidance system to achieve them. The findings from this study converge to suggest that M.L. has impaired autonoetic awareness attributable to right ventral frontal lobe injury, including right frontal-temporal disconnection. Reorganized brain systems mediate certain preserved cognitive operations in M.L. , but without the normal complement of information concerning the self with respect to both past and future events.
A Survey on Various Algorithms of Sequential Frequent Pattern Mining and Uncertain Data Mining

Data uncertainty can be seen in many real-world applications like environmental monitoring system and mobile tracking. Due to this it is very important task to uncover hidden information by mining sequential patterns from inaccurate data such as sensor readings and GPS trajectories. In the real-world applications there is huge amount of uncertainty present, like in sensor networks, moving object tracking and also in itemset mining for uncertain databases. It is also used in mining sequential patterns from inaccurate data, such as sensor networks and GPS tracking system, is important for finding hidden information in such applications. We focus on literature survey of mining sequential pattern from uncertain databases. Keywords— Sequential Pattern mining, Uncertain Data, Algorithms.
3D visualization of movements can amplify motor cortex activation during subsequent motor imagery

A repetitive movement practice by motor imagery (MI) can influence motor cortical excitability in the electroencephalogram (EEG). This study investigated if a realistic visualization in 3D of upper and lower limb movements can amplify motor related potentials during subsequent MI. We hypothesized that a richer sensory visualization might be more effective during instrumental conditioning, resulting in a more pronounced event related desynchronization (ERD) of the upper alpha band (10–12 Hz) over the sensorimotor cortices thereby potentially improving MI based brain-computer interface (BCI) protocols for motor rehabilitation. The results show a strong increase of the characteristic patterns of ERD of the upper alpha band components for left and right limb MI present over the sensorimotor areas in both visualization conditions. Overall, significant differences were observed as a function of visualization modality (VM; 2D vs. 3D). The largest upper alpha band power decrease was obtained during MI after a 3-dimensional visualization. In total in 12 out of 20 tasks the end-user of the 3D visualization group showed an enhanced upper alpha ERD relative to 2D VM group, with statistical significance in nine tasks.With a realistic visualization of the limb movements, we tried to increase motor cortex activation during subsequent MI. The feedback and the feedback environment should be inherently motivating and relevant for the learner and should have an appeal of novelty, real-world relevance or aesthetic value (Ryan and Deci, 2000; Merrill, 2007). Realistic visual feedback, consistent with the participant’s MI, might be helpful for accomplishing successful MI and the use of such feedback may assist in making BCI a more natural interface for MI based BCI rehabilitation.
Join processing in database systems with large main memories

We study algorithms for computing the equijoin of two relations in a system with a standard architecture hut with large amounts of main memory. Our algorithms are especially efficient when the main memory available is a significant fraction of the size of one of the relations to he joined; but they can be applied whenever there is memory equal to approximately the square root of the size of one relation. We present a new algorithm which is a hybrid of two hash-based algorithms and which dominates the other algorithms we present, including sort-merge. Even in a virtual memory environment, the hybrid algorithm dominates all the others we study. Finally, we describe how three popular tools to increase the efficiency of joins, namely filters, Babb arrays, and semijoins, can he grafted onto any of our algorithms.
Navigation of robotic wheelchair based on fuzzy control

Precise vision-based navigation is very important in applications of robotics. In spite of many research efforts in the visual guidance of autonomous robotic wheelchairs have been devoted to road edge detection, the after-detection process, especially the physical interpretation of what had been detected, needs more investigation. In fact, there is a wide gap between the scene model built based on image processing algorithms and the physical model of the environment where the robotic wheelchair progress. In this paper, the subjective interaction between the scene model and the world model is investigated, and a visual control scheme for robot guidance is proposed that minimizes the model error induced by processing raw image data. The involved control system includes a fuzzy control system which uses the knowledge base information and the scene model to control the robot motion. On the other hand, the fuzzy control system is finely tuned through feed-backing mean square errors between the scene model parameters and the knowledge-base data. Finally, the fuzzy controller uses results of these calculations to home the robot on the planned path. This paper also shows the principle of this system and the simulation results confirming the feasibility of the approach.
Iterative Searching in an Online Database

An experiment examined how people use an online retrieval system. Subjects solved general topical search problems using a database containing the full text of news articles (e.g., find articles about the “Background of the new prime minister of Great Britain”). Time, accuracy and content of the searches were recorded. Of particular interest was the use of two iterative search methods available in the interface - a Lookup function that allowed users to explicitly specify an alternative query; and a LikeThese function that could be used to automatically generate a new query using articles the user marked as relevant. Results showed that subjects could easily use both query reformulation methods. Subjects generated much more effective LikeThese searches than Lookup searches. An analysis of individual subject differences suggests that the LikeThese method is more accessible to a wide range of users.
Development of Digital Image Surface and Its Application to Derived 12-Lead ECG

The "image surface" is a data collection of spatial vectors that reflect relationship between heart vector and measured electrocardiograms, supposing the heart source is a fixed dipole source. For long, the Frank image surface has been used. However, since the Frank model represents an average model of western population, it may not fit other populations like Japanese, and therefore may affect the accuracy of applications In this study, to improve the accuracy of the derived 12-lead ECG, we developed the digital image surface based on the personalized torso models constructed from MRI images. The boundary element method was used to calculate the values of digital image surface by applying electrical current dipole source on the torso- heart model. Further, the valises of the digital image surface for eight subjects were averaged as a representation of typical models of Japanese population. As an application, derived 12-lead ECG is obtained based on the digital image surface and the results is compared with those based on the Frank image surface. The results show that the digital image surface can get better accuracy than the Frank image surface.
Glass Shape Influences Consumption Rate for Alcoholic Beverages

Background High levels of alcohol consumption and increases in heavy episodic drinking (binge drinking) are a growing public concern, due to their association with increased risk of personal and societal harm. Alcohol consumption has been shown to be sensitive to factors such as price and availability. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of glass shape on the rate of consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. Methods This was an experimental design with beverage (lager, soft drink), glass (straight, curved) and quantity (6 fl oz, 12 fl oz) as between-subjects factors. Social male and female alcohol consumers (n = 159) attended two experimental sessions, and were randomised to drink either lager or a soft drink from either a curved or straight-sided glass, and complete a computerised task identifying perceived midpoint of the two glasses (order counterbalanced). Ethical approval was granted by the Faculty of Science Research Ethics Committee at the University of Bristol. The primary outcome measures were total drinking time of an alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverage, and perceptual judgement of the half-way point of a straight and curved glass. Results Participants were 60% slower to consume an alcoholic beverage from a straight glass compared to a curved glass. This effect was only observed for a full glass and not a half-full glass, and was not observed for a non-alcoholic beverage. Participants also misjudged the half-way point of a curved glass to a greater degree than that of a straight glass, and there was a trend towards a positive association between the degree of error and total drinking time. Conclusions Glass shape appears to influence the rate of drinking of alcoholic beverages. This may represent a modifiable target for public health interventions.
Halogenated Olefins as Chain Transfer Agents in the Synthesis of Telechelic Polynorbornenes Using Ruthenium Alkylidene Catalysts. Computational and Experimental Studies

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene (NB) and its derivatives N-adamantyl-exo- endo-norbornene-5,6-dicarboximide (AdNDI) and N-cyclohexyl-exo-endo-norbornene-5,6-dicarboximide (CyNDI) in the presence of cis-1,4-dichloro-2-butene (2a) and cis-1,2-dichloro-ethylene (2b) as chain transfer agents (CTAs) using a (1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazolilydene) (PCy3)Cl2Ru=CHPh (I) has been studied. � Halogenated ole- fin 2b shows no activity as a CTA whenhalogenated olefin 2a is readily cross-metathesized with NB and norbornene dicarboximides. The chain transfer reaction pathways during the ROMP of NB to 2b using a (1,3-diphenyl-4,5- dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene) (PCy3)Cl2Ru=CHPh (1) have been studied at B3LYP/LACVP* level of theory. The calcula- tions show that 2b is a poor substrate for the metathesis reaction due to the steric effect produced by chlorine atoms di- rectly linked to the double bond. The calculated Gibbs free activation energy of a chain transfer reaction from ring-opened NB to 2b was 25.1 kcal/mol.
Loop Parallelisation for the Jikes RVM

Increasing the number of instructions executing in parallel has helped improve processor performance, but the technique is limited. Executing code on parallel threads and processors has fewer limitations, but most computer programs tend to be serial in nature. This paper presents a compiler optimisation that at run-time parallelises code inside a JVM and thereby increases the number of threads. We show Spec JVM benchmark results for this optimisation. The performance on a current desktop processor is slower than without parallel threads, caused by thread creation costs, but with these costs removed the performance is better than the serial code. We measure the threading costs and discuss how a future computer architecture will enable this optimisation to be feasible in exploiting thread instead of instruction and/or vector parallelism.
MARS: Multiplicative Adaptive Refinement Web Search

This chapter reports the project MARS (Multiplicative Adaptive Refinement Search), which applies a new multiplicative adaptive algorithm for user preference retrieval to Web searches. The new algorithm uses a multiplicative query expansion strategy to adaptively improve and reformulate the query vector to learn users’ information preference. The algorithm has provable better performance than the popular Rocchio’s similarity-based relevance feedback algorithm in learning a user preference that is determined by a linear classifier with a small number of non-zero coefficients over the real-valued vector space. A meta-search engine based on the aforementioned algorithm is built, and analysis of its search performance is presented. INTRODUCTION Vector space models and relevance feedback have long been used in information retrieval (Baeza-Yates & Ribeiro-Neto, 1999; Salton, 1989). In the n-dimensional vector space model, a collection of n index terms or keywords is chosen, and any document d is represented by an n-dimensional vector d = (d 1 , ., d n ), where d i represents the This chapter appears in the book, Web Mining: Applications a d Techniques, edited by Anthony Scime. Copyright © 2005, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING
TiO2@C core-shell nanoparticles formed by polymeric nano-encapsulation

TiO2 semiconducting nanoparticles are known to be photocatalysts of moderate activity due to their high band-gap and high rate of electron-hole recombination. The formation of a shell of carbon around the core of TiO2, i.e., the formation of TiO2@C nanoparticles, is believed to partly alleviate these problems. It is usually achieved by a hydrothermal treatment in a presence of a sugar derivative. We present here a novel method for the formation of highly uniform C shell around TiO2 nanoparticles. For this purpose, TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in water using an oligomeric dispersant prepared by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Then the nanoparticles were engaged into an emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile, resulting in the formation of a shell of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) around each TiO2 nanoparticles. Upon pyrolysis, the PAN was transformed into carbon, resulting in the formation of TiO2@C nanoparticles. The structure of the resulting particles was elucidated by X-Ray diffraction, FTIR, UV-VIS and Raman spectroscopy as well as TEM microscopy. Preliminary results about the use of the TiO2@C particles as photocatalysts for the splitting of water are presented. They indicate that the presence of the C shell is responsible for a significant enhancement of the photocurrent.
Nematode pests of plantain: A case study of Ashanti and Brong Ahafo regions of Ghana

A survey of plantain farms was conducted in April 2012 at four locations in two districts of Ghana. The purpose was to identify plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) associated with plantain production in Ghana. The locations were Adomakokrom and Kenyasi in the Brong Ahafo, Adanwomase and Mpobi in the Ashanti region. Demographic and sociological data of farmers, plantain root lesion scores, PPN populations per 200 cm3 soil and 5 g plantain roots were analyzed. Nematode damage to root at Adomakokrom, Adanwomase, Mpobi and Kenyasi were 50, 75, 75 and 50%, respectively. Five nematode species were recovered from the rhizosphere of plantain. The nematodes were in the order of importance; Pratylenchus coffeae, Meloidogyne spp. ,Rotylenchulus reniformis, Radopholus similis and Helicotylenchus multicintus. High populations ofP. coffeae (803/200 cm3), H. multicintus (292/200 cm3) and R. reniformis (343/200 cm3) were extracted from soil samples at Adomakokrom, Adanwomase and Adanwomase respectively. Four parasitic nematodes; Meloidogyne spp. , P. coffeae, R. reniformis and R. similis were extracted from plantain roots. Root populations were higher compared with soil samples. For sustainable plantain production in Ghana, an efficient management option must be devised. Key words: Ghana, integrated pest management, Musa spp. , plant parasitic nematodes.
The Localization and Characterization of Ischemic Scars in relation to the Infarct Related Coronary Artery Assessed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and a Novel Automatic Postprocessing Method

Aims. The correspondence between the localization and morphology of ischemic scars and the infarct related artery (IRA) by use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and a novel automatic postprocessing method. Methods and Results. Thirty-four patients with one-year-old single IRA myocardial infarction were examined. Endocardium, epicardium, and the point where right and left ventricles are coinciding were manually marked. All measurements were automatically assessed by the method. The following are results with manual assessments of scar properties in parenthesis: mean scar size (FWHM criterion): 7.8 ± 5.5 as %LV (17.4 ± 8.6%); mean endocardial extent of infarction: 44 ± 26° (124 ± 47°); mean endocardial extent of infarction as %LV circumference: 9.7 ± 7.0% (34.6 ± 13.0%); and mean transmurality: 52 ± 20% of LV wall thickness (77 ± 23%). Scars located in segments 1, 2, 7, 8, 13, and 14 by use of the automatic method were 96–100% specific for LAD occlusion. The highest specificities of RCA and LCX occlusions were segment 4 with 93% and segment 6 with 64%, respectively. The scar localization assessed automatically or manually was without major differences. Conclusion. The automatic method is applicable and able to assess localization, size, transmurality, and endocardial extent of ischemic scars.