Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AUTOMATING PRODUCT CLASSIFICATION: THE IMPACT OF STANDARDIZATION

Approaches to automating product classification adopt mainly algorithms and tools for classification in general, such as Vector Space Model, Bayesian Classification and K-Nearest Neighbor Classification, or take classification systems as (database) schemas that have to be integrated. Much work has been carried out on applying, evaluating and improving these tools for this specific domain, product data in B2B e-commerce. The formal specification of a product classification system (PCS) is seen as input data; hence this data has to be imported and often converted into an internal representation. This paper takes a closer look at this input data and examines its structure, semantic richness and degree of standardization. The reason is that standards for product classification systems and standardized specifications address the data exchange issues of these systems – and more important, are able to increase the success of automated product classification. To do so the paper will derive and analyze major standardization trends, show their interdependencies and evaluate their impact on automated classification.
Laboratory assays of select candidate insecticides for control of Dendroctonus ponderosae.

BACKGROUND The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is the most destructive bark beetle in western North America. Dendroctonus ponderosae can be prevented from successfully colonizing and killing individual trees by ground-based sprays of insecticides applied directly to the tree bole. However, the future availability of several active ingredients, including carbaryl which is most commonly used in the western United States, is uncertain. Two novel insecticides, cyantraniliprole [Cyazypyr(™)-OD (oil dispersion) and Cyazypyr(™)-SC (suspension concentrate)] and chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr(®)), and carbaryl were assayed in both filter paper and topical assays. RESULTS Compared with 20,000 mg L(-1) carbaryl (i.e. the maximum label rate for solutions applied to conifers for protection from bark beetle attack in the western United States), cyantraniliprole OD caused similar rates of mortality in D. ponderosae adults at 400-fold weaker concentrations in both bioassays, while cyantraniliprole SC caused similar rates of mortality at 40-fold weaker concentrations. Probit analyses confirmed that D. ponderosae is most sensitive to cyantraniliprole OD, while chlorantraniliprole was effective at concentrations similar to carbaryl. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that lower concentrations of carbaryl have merit for field testing than have been previously considered. While cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole have similar modes of action, cyantraniliprole OD appears to have greater promise for protecting individual trees from mortality attributed to D. ponderosae attack and should be evaluated in field studies.
New perspectives for recommendations in location-based social networks: time, privacy and explainability

Online social networks have attracted users' attention in the last decade. Recommendation services constitute a critical functionality of such social platforms: users receive recommendations about resources (documents, pieces of music) and potential friends (people with the same interests). Recently, technological progressions in smart phones enabled the exploitation of geographical data information in social networks. Users can now receive recommendations about new Points of Interest (POIs), and new activities in POIs. Eventually, Location-based Social Networks (LBSNs) may become the 'Next Big Thing' of the Internet industry. This paper surveys the related work and current state-of-the-art algorithms in LBSNs. We also provide three new perspectives that concern recommendations in LBSNs: time-awareness, user's privacy issues, and explainability of recommendations. We present the latest work in LBSNs by comparing real systems and by categorizing them in multiple ways (platforms, personalization, etc.).
Do Women Supply More Public Goods Than Men?: Preliminary Experimental Evidence from Matrilineal and Patriarchal Societies

: FRANCINE D. BLAU, Cornell University JANET M. CURRIE, Columbia University CHARLES A. HOLT, University of Virginia Steffen Andersen Porcelaeenshaven 16 A, 1. DK - 2000 Frederiksberg Tel. : +45 3815 2591 Fax:+45 3815 2576 E-mail: sa.eco@cbs.dk Erwin Bulte Warandelaan 2 5037 AB Tilburg The Netherlands Tel. : +31 13 466 2707 erwin.bulte@wur.nl, Uri Gneezy Otterson Hall, Room 4S136 9500 Gilman Dr. #0553 La Jolla, CA 92093-0553 Phone: (858) 534-4312 Fax: (858) 534-0745 ugneezy@ucsd.edu, John A. List (corresponding author) 1126 East 59
An alkyl hydroperoxide reductase induced by oxidative stress in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli: genetic characterization and cloning of ahp

The ahp genes encoding the two proteins (F52a and C22) that make up an alkyl hydroperoxide reductase were mapped and cloned from Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Two classes of oxidant-resistant ahp mutants which overexpress the two proteins were isolated. ahp-1 was isolated in a wild-type background and is dependent on oxyR, a positive regulator of defenses against oxidative stress. ahp-2 was isolated in an oxyR deletion background and is oxyR independent. Transposons linked to ahp-1 and ahp-2 or inserted in ahp mapped the genes to 13 min on the S. typhimurium chromosome, 59% linked to ent. Deletions of ahp obtained in both S. typhimurium and E. coli resulted in hypersensitivity to killing by cumene hydroperoxide (an alkyl hydroperoxide) and elimination of the proteins F52a and C22 from two-dimensional gels and immunoblots. ahp clones isolated from both S. typhimurium and E. coli complemented the cumene hydroperoxide sensitivity of the ahp deletion strains and restored expression of the F52a and C22 proteins. A cis-acting element required for oxyR-dependent, rpoH-independent heat shock induction of the F52a protein was present at the S. typhimurium but not the E. coli ahp locus.
QoI-Aware Wireless Sensor Network Management for Dynamic Multi-Task Operations

This paper considers the novel area of quality-of-information (QoI)-aware network management of multitasking wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Specifically, it provides an investigation of new task admission and resource utilization mechanisms for controlling the individual QoI provided to new and existing tasks using real-time feedback-based monitoring mechanisms. The paper describes three key design elements in support of the above: (a) the QoI satisfaction index of a task, which quantifies the degree to which the required QoI is satisfied by the WSN; (b) the QoI network capacity, which expresses the ability of the WSN to host a new task with specific QoI requirements without sacrificing the attained QoI levels of other existing tasks, and (c) an adaptive, negotiation-based admission control mechanism that reconfigures and optimizes the usage of network resources in order to optimally accommodate the QoI requirements of all tasks. Finally, extensive results are presented for assessing the performance of the proposed solution for the case of an intruder detection application scenario.
Marker-assisted Backcross Breeding : A Case-Study in Genotype Building Theory

Introduction I wish here to provide an overview of some past and more recent results on marker-assisted backcross breeding theory, and discuss the general consequences for marker-assisted selection and genotype building. Backcross breeding (MAB) is a well-known procedure for the introgression of a target gene from a donor line into the genomic background of a recipient line. The objective is to reduce the donor genome content (DGC) of the progenies by repeated back-crosses to the recipient line. Genotype building (GB) terms here the use of markers to design new genotypes combining favourable alleles previously detected at a (possibly large) number of loci, in (possibly many) different parental lines. Here, the genomic background in which those alleles are combined cannot, in general, be controlled because the genes are too numerous. The theory in this domain remains largely unexplored, and few results are available. For example, de Koning and Weller (1994), and Dekkers and van Arendonk (1998) have considered the optimization of marker-assisted selection for identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) plus a possible ‘polygenic’ background controlling the rest of the genetic variation not explained by the identified QTL. These analyses are restricted to one or two identified QTL. Also, van Berloo and Stam (1998) and Charmet et al. (1999) have considered a larger set of identified QTL, each controlled by flanking markers, and studied selection of recombinant inbred lines or doubled haploids based on flanking markers to produce the best hybrid. This analysis is restricted to selection among inbreds for one or two generations only. Hospital et al. (2000) studied selection on marker pairs flanking 50 QTL identified in an F2 population. With a ‘QTL complementation strategy’ selection of 3-5 individuals among a total of 200 for 10 generations increases the frequency of favourable alleles at the 50 QTL up to 100% when markers are located exactly on the QTL, but only to 92% when marker-QTL distance is 5 cM. The authors conclude that the efficiency of marker-based selection is bounded by the recombinations taking place between the markers and the QTL. Hence, one has to accelerate the response to selection to fix favourable QTL alleles before marker-QTL linkage disequilibrium vanishes. The main limitation identified is the fact that selected individuals are mated at random: the authors suggest that pairwise matings should increase the efficiency of selection. But, the theory in this domain remains unexplored. Marker-assisted backcross is of great practical interest in applied breeding schemes either to manipulate ‘classical’ genes between elite lines or from genetic resources, or to manipulate transgenic constructions. From a theoretical standpoint, it is a ‘simple’ example of marker-based selection: in general, only two alleles are segregating, and the gametic phase is known because only one chromosome of each pair is issued from effective recombination (the chromosome from the gamete produced by the backcrossed parent). It is then also an
Counting Problems on Graphs: GPU Storage and Parallel Computing Techniques

The availability and utility of large numbers of Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) have enabled parallel computations using extensive multi-threading. Sequential access to global memory and contention at the size-limited shared memory have been main impediments to fully exploiting potential performance in architectures having a massive number of GPUs. We propose novel memory storage and retrieval techniques that enable parallel graph computations to overcome the above issues. More specifically, given a graph G = (V, E) and an integer k <;= |V|, we provide both storage techniques and algorithms to count the number of: a) connected subgraphs of size k; b) k cliques; and c) k independent sets, all of which can be exponential in number. Our storage technique is based on creating a breadth-first search tree and storing it along with non-tree edges in a novel way. The counting problems mentioned above have many uses, including the analysis of social networks.
The Ann Oakley reader: Gender, women and social science

General introduction Part 1: Sex and gender: Introduction Extracts from Sex, Gender and Society introduction the biology of sex sex and gender the learning of gender roles the future of sex differences Extracts from Subject Women genes and gender a kind of person childhood lessons Part 2: Housework and family life: Introduction Extracts from The Sociology of Housework introduction images of housework work conditions standards and routines marriage and the division of labour Extract from Subject Women domestic work Extract from Housewife women and industrialization and two of the interviews in chapter 6 Extract from Becoming a Mother domestic politics Part 3: Childbirth and motherhood: Introduction Extracts from Becoming a Mother introduction the agony and the ecstasy learning the language of the child lessons learnt Extracts from Women Confined medical maternity cases reproduction and change losses and gains mistakes and mystiques Extracts from What is Feminism edited version of feminism, motherhood and medicine - who cares? Part 4: Doing social science: Introduction Extract from The Sociology of Housework the invisible woman: sexism in sociology Extract from Women Confined the sociological unimagination Extracts from Housewife myths of woman's place: the division of labour by sex myths of woman's place: motherhood Extract from Becoming a Mother: endnote Extract from Doing Feminist Research ~ Helen Roberts edited version of interviewing women: a contradiction in terms Extract from Women's Health Counts ~ Helen Roberts edited version of some problems with the scientific method and good research practice.
Molecular genetic markers for thyroid FNAB

Summary Aim: Thyroid nodules > 1 cm are observed in about 12% of unselected adult employees aged 18–65 years screened by ultrasound scan (40). While intensive ultrasound screening leads to early detection of thyroid diseases, the determination of benign or malignant behaviour remains uncertain and may trigger anxieties in many patients and their physicians. A considerable number of thyroid resections are consecutively performed due to suspicion of malignancy in the detected nodes. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been recommended for the assessment of thyroid nodules to facilitate detection of thyroid carcinomas but also to rule out malignancy and thereby avoid unnecessary thyroid resections. However, cytology results are dependent on experience of the respective cytologist and unfortunately inconclusive in many cases. Methods: Molecular genetic markers are already used nowadays to enhance sensitivity and specificity of FNAB cytology in some centers in Germany. The most clinically relevant molecular genetic markers as pre-operative diagnostic tools and the clinical implications for the intraoperative and postoperative management were reviewed. Results: Molecular genetic markers predominantly focus on the preoperative detection of thyroid malignancies rather than the exclusion of thyroid carcinomas. While some centers routinely assess FNABs, other centers concentrate on FNABs with cytology results of follicular neoplasia or suspicion of thyroid carcinoma. Predominantly mutations of BRAF, RET/PTC, RAS, and PAX8/PPARγ or expression of miRNAs are analyzed. However, only the detection of BRAF mutations predicts the presence of (papillary) thyroid malignancy with almost 98% probability, indicating necessity of oncologic thyroid resections irrespective of the cytology result. Other genetic alterations are associated with thyroid malignancy with varying frequency and achieve less impact on the clinical management. Conclusion: Molecular genetic analysis of FNABs is increasingly performed in Germany. Standardization, quality controls, and validation of various methods need to be implemented in the near future to be able to compare the results. With increasing knowledge about the impact of genetic alterations on the prognosis of thyroid carcinomas, recommendations have to be defined that may lead to individually optimized treatment strategies.
Multiple light field rendering

A light field is a 4D function describing the radiance across a boundary between the volume containing a scene, and the disjoint volume in which the eyepoint may be placed. Light field rendering is the process of rendering novel views of a scene captured by the light field function. It is a purely image-based rendering technique which uses no geometric knowledge of the scene. Although the lack of needed geometric information make light fields an attractive way of capturing real-world scenes, it has made it difficult to effectively use light fields in combination with other rendering techniques, or even rendering multiple light fields in the same scene.We present a rendering method for light fields which allows multiple instances of a light field to be rendered in combination with a polygon rendered scene. Of particular note is our ability to render multiple light fields which appear to intersect in space consistently when viewed from any direction. The method is demonstrated by creating a forest consisting of thousands of instances of a tree light field, rendered on a polygon terrain.
GuardRails: A Data-Centric Web Application Security Framework

Modern web application frameworks have made it easy to create powerful web applications. Developing a secure web application, however, still requires a developer to posses a deep understanding of security vulnerabilities and attacks. Even for experienced developers it is tedious, if not impossible, to find and eliminate all vulnerabilities. This paper presents GuardRails, a source-tosource tool for Ruby on Rails that helps developers build secure web applications. GuardRails works by attaching security policies defined using annotations to the data model itself. GuardRails produces a version of the input application that automatically enforces the specified policies. GuardRails helps developers prevent a myriad of security problems including cross-site scripting attacks and access control violations while providing a large degree of flexibility to support a range of policies and development styles.
Neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing activity of the fermented Bozhougyiqi-Tang

Background: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease related to memory impairments and neuronal cell death. Bozhougyiqi-Tang (BZYQT), a traditional herbal medicine, has been therapeutically used for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluated the neuroprotective effect of the fermented BZYQT and compared with unfermented BZYQT in HT22 cells by MTT assay and tested the beneficial effect on memory impairments induced by scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) using the passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests. Results: Compared with unfermented BZYQT, the neuroprotective effect of fermented BZYQT on glutamate induced neurotoxicity in HT22 cells increased at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Fermented BZYQT increased the step-through latency of the passive avoidance response. Furthermore, in Morris water maze test for evaluation of spatial learning and memory, escape latency time was significantly reduced by fermented BZYQT. Conclusion: These results suggest that the fermentation process of BZYQT led to improve neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing effect.
Mental Health and HIV Risk Among African American Adolescents

Summary The family system is integral to adolescent mental health and HIV risk. However, few studies have addressed family variables and adolescent outcomes among African American families. This study tested a longitudinal model of parenting, adolescent mental health, and adolescent HIV risk, among a community sample of low-income, urban African American families from the Collaborative HIV prevention and AdolescentMental Health Project (CHAMP). Consistent with general adolescent population data, we expected less parental monitoring, greater psychological control and less positive parenting to increase risk for adolescent depression and conduct problems. We hypothesized that these variables would in turn increase rates of HIV risk. We followed one hundred and thirty-four African American youth and theirmaternal caregivers as part of the CHAMP project. Study variables included: positive parenting, parental monitoring, psychological control, adolescent distress, conduct problems, and recent HIV risk. We examined the relationship among these variables via longitudinal path analysis. Age was strongly associated with increased adolescent HIV risk. Contrary to hypotheses, more parental psychological control was marginally associated with less HIV risk, while positive parenting was marginally associated with greater HIV risk. Adolescent depression was associated with more conduct problems, but unrelated to HIV risk. Thus, parenting practices generally considered negative might actually be protective among some lower SES African American families. This underscores the importance of extending studies of family context and adolescent risk behaviors to diverse social and ethnic groups. Designing prevention programs for diverse groups will require articulating culturally specific effects for different parenting practice.
Spatial reuse in wireless ad-hoc networks

When investigating co-channel spatial reuse, typical studies on ad-hoc networks have adopted static, device-specific transmission/interference ranges regardless of the runtime environment. In this paper, we present an analytical framework to investigate co-channel spatial reuse in dense wireless ad-hoc networks based on RF propagation models for some common network topologies. We derive the minimum separation between simultaneous co-channel transmitters while maintaining desirable signal-noise-interference-ratio at receivers. Spatial reuse is characterized by the ratio between co-channel transmitter (T-T) and transmit-receiver (T-R) distances. Our results show that increasing transmission power improves spatial reuse in ambient noise dominated environments. However, in co-channel interference limited scenarios, increasing transmission power has little effect on spatial reuse. On the other hand, more simultaneous transmissions can be physically possible by decreasing the average T-R separation, independent of transmission power. Our results confirm that the popular practice of using static transmission/interference ranges leads to an oversimplified model that is unable to accurately characterize the spatial reuse (and consequently aggregate network capacity) in ad-hoc networks.
Influences on Active Family Leisure and Its Relationship to Obesity

Influences on Active Family Leisure and Its Relationship to Obesity Shallie M. Taylor Department of Recreation Management and Youth Leadership Master of Science The purpose of this study was to examine how attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control influence adolescents’ intent to participate in active family leisure and furthermore to explore the nature of the relationship between active family leisure and body mass index (BMI) among adolescents. Adolescents (N = 472) completed an online questionnaire assessing the theory of planned behavior (TPB) variables, active family leisure, individual active leisure, and BMI. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Tests of direct paths of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control to intent indicated these variables were significant predictors of intent to participate in active family leisure. The combination of attitude and subjective norm was the greatest predictor of intent. The TPB was extended to examine the relationship between active family leisure and BMI. There was not a significant relationship; however the TPB did accurately model the behavior of active family leisure. Findings suggest the influence of friends and family is a strong predictor for active family leisure. This highlights the important role families and friends can play to encourage adolescents’ participation in active family leisure.