Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The pleiotropic transcriptional response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to vitamin C is robust and overlaps with the bacterial response to multiple intracellular stresses.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) owes its success as a pathogen in large measure to its ability to exist in a persistent state of 'dormancy' resulting in a lifelong latent tuberculosis (TB) infection. An understanding of bacterial adaptation during dormancy will help in devising approaches to counter latent TB infection. In vitro models have provided valuable insights into bacterial adaptation; however, they have limitations because they do not disclose the bacterial response to the intracellular environment wherein the bacteria are simultaneously exposed to multiple stresses. We describe the pleiotropic response of Mtb in the vitamin C (vit C) model of dormancy developed in our laboratory. Vit C mediates a rapid regulation of genes representing ~14 % of the genome in Mtb cultures. The upregulated genes were better represented in lipid, intermediary metabolism and regulatory protein categories. The downregulated genes mainly related to virulence, detoxification, information pathways and cell wall processes. A comparison of this response to that in other models indicates that vit C generates a multiple-stress environment for axenic Mtb cultures that resembles a macrophage-like environment. The bacterial response to vit C resembles responses to gaseous stresses such as hypoxia and nitric oxide, oxidative and nitrosative stresses, nutrient starvation and, notably, the activated macrophage environment itself. These responses demonstrate that the influence of vit C on Mtb gene expression extends well beyond the DevR dormancy regulon. A detailed characterization of the response to vit C is expected to disclose useful strategies to counter the adaptive mechanisms essential to Mtb dormancy.
Plasticity in Meristem Allocation as an Adaptive Strategy of a Desert Shrub under Contrasting Environments

The pattern of resource allocation to reproduction vs. vegetative growth is a core component of a plant’s life-history strategy. Plants can modify their biomass allocation patterns to adapt to contrasting environments. Meristems can have alternative fates to commit to vegetative growth, reproduction, or remaining inactive (dormant or senescent/dead). However, knowledge about whether meristem fates can interpret adaptive changes in biomass allocation remains largely unknown. We measured aboveground plant biomass (a proxy of plant size) and meristem number of a dominant shrub Artemisia ordosica in three populations occupying different habitats in the Mu Us Desert of northern China. Size-dependent biomass allocation and meristem allocation among habitats were compared. The size-dependent biomass allocation and meristem allocation of A. ordosica strongly varied across habitats. There were significant positive linear relationships between meristem allocation and biomass allocation in all habitats, indicating that meristem allocation is an indicator of the estimated resource allocation to reproductive and vegetative organs in this species. Plasticity in meristem allocation was more likely caused by larger individuals having less active meristems due to environmental stress. Vegetative meristems (VM) were likely more vulnerable to environmental limitation than reproductive ones, resulting in the ratio of resource investment between vegetative and reproductive functions exhibiting plasticity in different habitats. A. ordosica invested a higher fraction of its resource to reproduction in the adverse habitat, while more resource to vegetative growth in the favorable habitat. A. ordosica adopts different resource allocation patterns to adapt to contrasting habitat conditions through altering its meristem fates. Our results suggest that the arid-adapted shrub A. ordosica deactivates more VM than reproductive ones to hedge against environmental stress, representing an important adaptive strategy. This information contributes to understand the life-history strategies of long-lived plants under stressful environments.
Data Mining: An AI Perspective

Data mining, or knowledge discovery in databases (KDD), is an interdisciplinary area that integrates techniques from several fields including machine learning, statistics, and database systems, for the analysis of large volumes of data. This paper reviews the topics of interest from the IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM) from an AI perspective. We discuss common topics in data mining and AI, including key AI ideas that have been used in both data mining and machine learning.
Monopole decagon fractal patch resonator with defected ground plane for WLAN MIMO antenna

This paper presents a monopole decagon fractal patch resonator with the defected ground plane for WLAN MIMO antenna. The fractal technique on the edge of the decagon patch is used for reducing the operating frequency of the antenna. Concurrently, the defected ground plane (DGP) with a rectangular shape can reduce the mutual coupling between the radiating patches due to the suppression of coupling current. The reflection coefficient and isolation of the proposed antenna are achieving higher than −10 dB and −15 dB, respectively, which are covering the entire WLAN frequency band of 2.40–2.485 GHz. Then, the radiation results clearly perform the behavior of spatial diversity with the contrary beams from two excitation ports of the MIMO antenna.
Context and scale influencing clustering through unsupervised neural networks

This work aims at proposing a neural network model for clustering in which no information about the desired output is given, and influences due to context and scale are considered. Two models of unsupervised neural networks are described. The first is a winner-take-all (WTA) algorithm with pre-established lateral inhibition, the second is a model with Hebbian and anti-Hebbian learning. Both models have the same architecture but the second one has adaptable lateral inhibitory links. The proposed models are used in two different domains: classification of the iris and classification of animals. In the first, the patterns are formed by continuous inputs, while in the second, the inputs are mainly binary. The proposed models are evaluated according to their capacity of generalization, ability to classify nonlinearly separable patterns and robustness when clustering noisy patterns.
Molecular self‐diffusion of intracellular metabolites in rat brain in vivo Investigated by Localized Proton NMR Diffusion Spectroscopy

Molecular self‐diffusion coefficients of water (0.75 ± 0.05), Nacetylaspartate (0.27 ± 0.04), creatines (0.27 ± 0.04), and cholines (0.28 ± 0.08) × 10−5 cm2 s−1 were obtained from localized proton NMR spectra of rat brain in vivo using diffusion‐weighted stimulated‐echo (STEAM) sequences with a diffusion time of (Δ − δ/3) = 17 ms.
Gestion de la complexité géologique en restauration géomécanique 3D

La restauration est un outil de geologie structurale qui a prouve son utilite dans divers domaines, tels que la comprehension des mecanismes de deformation, la prediction de fractures, la validation de modeles structuraux, etc. En 3D, l'approche geomecanique est particulierement prometteuse, puisqu'elle permet non seulement de connaitre la deformation en tout point du modele, mais aussi de prendre en compte les contrastes de propriete des materiaux. Cependant, elle necessite un maillage tetraedrique du modele dont la generation est a ce jour tres difficile dans le cas de modeles a geometrie complexe (reseaux de failles interconnectes ou a faible rejet, discordances ou amincissements de couche). La modelisation implicite consiste a representer les horizons stratigraphiques par des isovaleurs de propriete, ce qui permet de s'affranchir de la plupart des contraintes de maillage. Dans une premiere partie, une methode de restauration geomecanique 3D applicable a des modeles implicites est presentee. La deuxieme partie de ce travail s'interesse a l'application de celle-ci a des cas complexes. Dans ce cadre, de nouvelles lois de comportement geomecaniques et conditions aux limites ont ete developpees, et des etudes de sensibilite a ces parametres ont ete menees. Ces travaux sont illustres sur un bassin petrolier complexe situe dans le delta du Niger ou la restauration permet de definir une chronologie de deformation. Enfin, la troisieme partie presente l'integration d'une methode de decompaction isostatique en volume au sein du processus de restauration 3D. Appliquee au synclinal des gres d'Annot (SE de la France), cette methode permet de caracteriser l'histoire de deformation et d'enfouissement du bassin
PGX.D/Async: A Scalable Distributed Graph Pattern Matching Engine

Graph querying and pattern matching is becoming an important feature of graph processing as it allows data analysts to easily collect and understand information about their graphs in a way similar to SQL for databases. One of the key challenges in graph pattern matching is to process increasingly large graphs that often do not fit in the memory of a single machine. In this paper, we present PGX.D/Async, a scalable distributed pattern matching engine for property graphs that is able to handle very large datasets. PGX.D/Async implements pattern matching operations with asynchronous depth-first traversal, allowing for a high degree of parallelism and precise control over memory consumption. In PGX.D/Async, developers can query graphs with PGQL, an SQL-like query language for property graphs. Essentially, PGX.D/Async provides an intuitive, distributed, in-memory pattern matching engine for very large graphs.
Succeeding as a new dentist.

A is an outstanding profession, and every dentist has the ability to have a successful career. Th e last fi ve years, however, have been a challenging time for most dentists, as well as the dental profession on the whole. Th e American Dental Association (ADA) recently released “A Profession in Transition: Key Forces Reshaping the Dental Landscape,”1 an in-depth report that documents the changes aff ecting dentistry. Critical findings from the report include the following: dfewer working-aged adults are visiting the dentist; dfinancial barriers to dental care are affecting most patients; dtwo of five dentists indicate they are not busy enough; ddental insurance benefits are likely to decline, resulting in fewer adult patients; dthe number of larger, multidentist practices, including dental service organizations, will continue to increase; dyounger adults are less likely to visit the dentist than are their parents, and they are prone to shop for dental care, as they view it as a commodity.
Conscientiousness in Patients With Ménière's Disease

Objective: To assess whether a conscientious personality profile is more prevalent in patients with Ménière's disease (MD) in comparison with other vertigo patients. Second, to investigate a sex effect and compare the obtained conscientiousness scores with published normative values. Patients: A total of 108 patients were included and subdivided into one of five pathology groups: MD, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, vestibular neuritis, vestibular schwannoma, and posttraumatic nonbenign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Intervention: The conscientiousness domain of the self-reporting NEO Five-Factor Inventory questionnaire. Main Outcome Measure: Conscientiousness score. Results: There was no significant difference between the diagnostic groups or a sex effect. MD patients had a higher score than published normal values. Conclusion: As assessed with the NEO Five-Factor Inventory questionnaire, MD patients do not demonstrate a higher conscientious personality profile in comparison with other vertigo patients. Therefore, this limits the clinical use of the personality profile to discriminate between patient groups.
Enhancement of defense responses by oligandrin against Botrytis cinerea in tomatoes

Oligandrin is an elicitin-like protein with a molecular mass of 10 kDa secreted by Pythium oligandrum. Here, the effect of oligandrin on defense response against Botrytis cinerea in tomato leaves is reported. Tomato seedlings were pretreated with 5 ml oligandrin (10 g/ml) by root submerging and then inoculated with B. cinerea. Disease severity was subsequently evaluated and compared with the control. Results indicate that oligandrin pretreatment reduced disease index by 78.6% on day 7 after inoculation. On day 3 after inoculation, oligandrin pretreatment caused up-regulation of peroxidases (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) in leaves by 20.0, 5.56 and 32.88%, compared with inoculation without oligandrin pretreatment, respectively. On day 5 after inoculation, POD, PPO and PAL were up-regulated by 46.24, 32.61 and 57.14%, respectively. 24 h after the treatment with oligandrin, the expression of pathogenesis-related protein (PRs) genes, PR-2a (extracellular -1,3-glucanase) and PR-3a (extracellular chitinase), were up-regulated by 7.75 fold and 4.56 fold in tomato leaves, compared with the control, respectively. The expression of LeERF2, a member of ethylene-dependent signaling pathway, was also significantly elevated by 7.41 fold. At the same time, the expression of ethylene receptor homologue PR-6 protein was also induced. These results indicate that oligandrin can induce resistance to B. cinerea in tomatoes, and the induction of resistance involves the activation of the ethylene-dependent signaling pathway. Oligandrin is potentially useful for gray mould prevention in tomato crop.
Nested MC-Based Risk Measurement of Complex Portfolios: Acceleration and Energy Efficiency

Risk analysis and management currently have a strong presence in financial institutions, where high performance and energy efficiency are key requirements for acceleration systems, especially when it comes to intraday analysis. In this regard, we approach the estimation of the widely-employed portfolio risk metrics value-at-risk (VaR) and conditional value-at-risk (cVaR) by means of nested Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. We do so by combining theory and software/hardware implementation. This allows us for the first time to investigate their performance on heterogeneous compute systems and across different compute platforms, namely central processing unit (CPU), many integrated core (MIC) architecture XeonPhi, graphics processing unit (GPU), and field-programmable gate array (FPGA). To this end, the OpenCL framework is employed to generate portable code, and the size of the simulations is scaled in order to evaluate variations in performance. Furthermore, we assess different parallelization schemes, and the targeted platforms are evaluated and compared in terms of runtime and energy efficiency. Our implementation also allowed us to derive a new algorithmic optimization regarding the generation of the required random number sequences. Moreover, we provide specific guidelines on how to properly handle these sequences in portable code, and on how to efficiently implement nested MC-based VaR and cVaR simulations on heterogeneous compute systems.
Szemeredi''s Regularity Lemma and its applications in graph theory

Szemer\''edi''s Regularity Lemma is an important tool in discrete mathematics. It says that, in some sense, all graphs can be approximated by random-looking graphs. Therefore the lemma helps in proving theorems for arbitrary graphs whenever the corresponding result is easy for random graphs. Recently quite a few new results were obtained by using the Regularity Lemma, and also some new variants and generalizations appeared. In this survey we describe some typical applications and some generalizations.
Conserved features of the primate face code

Significance This work identifies properties of a combinatorial face code that are conserved across all 2,000 faces tested. The same properties of a combinatorial olfactory code in insects has earlier been shown to be preserved across odors and odor mixtures. That the same features of combinatorial codes are conserved for two such different systems (primate vision and insect olfaction) raises the possibility that these conserved features of a code may be used for similar computations. A recent paper demonstrated that the pattern of firing rates across ∼100 neurons in the anterior medial face patch is closely related to which human face (of 2,000) had been presented to a monkey [Chang L, Tsao DY (2017) Cell 169:1013–1028]. In addition, the firing rates for these neurons can be predicted for a novel human face. Although it is clear from this work that the firing rates of these face patch neurons encode faces, the properties of the face code have not yet been fully described. Based on an analysis of 98 neurons responding to 2,000 faces, I conclude that the anterior medial face patch uses a combinatorial rate code, one with an exponential distribution of neuron rates that has a mean rate conserved across faces. Thus, the face code is maximally informative (technically, maximum entropy) and is very similar to the code used by the fruit fly olfactory system.
Removal of corrosive sulfur from insulating oils by natural sorbent and liquid-liquid extraction

Prevention of energy transformer failures by removing so-called “corrosive sulfur” from insulating oil belongs to the most important tasks. This article is focused on finding a low-cost effective way suitable for decontamination of mineral insulating oils containing sulfur compounds together with regeneration of the insulating oils. Two methods were tested and optimized; sorption technique with new low-cost natural sorbents, bentonites, and a newly suggested liquid-liquid extraction with subsequent sorption. The effectiveness of proposed methods was compared with the common technique of filtration through a layer of commercially available sorbent. The real insulating oil from transformers with a relatively high content of dibenzyl disulfide − 71.6 mg kg−1 was applied in all tests. One of the new low-cost sorbents revealed an excellent efficiency of a corrosive sulfur removal similarly to the combination of liquid-liquid extraction with subsequent sorption. Technological characteristics of all regenerated oils were also measured and met all requirements of the standards no. IEC 62535 and IEC 60422; their properties corresponded to new electro-insulating oils.
Serological differentiation of three species of Armillaria and Lentinula edodes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using immunized chickens as a source of antibodies.

Antibodies to three isolates each of Armillaria mellea, A. ostoyae, A. tabescens, and Lentinula edodes were isolated from eggs of immunized laying hens. The reactivity of each antibody preparation with all isolates was examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cross-reactivity of the antibody preparations to a given Armillaria species varied considerably when tested against isolates of other Armillaria species. Several antibody preparations were capable of distinguishing isolates of its homologous species from isolates of heterologous species. The specificity of the antibodies present in eggs was dependent on time elapsed since immunization. Eggs laid 3 weeks after immunization with an Armillaria species isolate possessed antibodies that were most specific for isolates of that species. The intergeneric cross-reactivity was found to be smallest with antibodies from eggs laid 5 weeks or more after immunization. Preliminary results suggest that ELISA using chicken egg yolk antibodies will provide useful information in the taxonomy of ArmilIaria.
Quality By Design: A Clinical Microsystems Approach

List of Tables, Figures, and Exhibits. Foreword by Donald M. Berwick. Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. The Editors. The Contributors. PART ONE: CASES AND PRINCIPLES. 1. Success Characteristics of High-Performing Microsystems: Learning from the Best (Eugene C. Nelson, Paul B. Batalden, Thomas P. Huber, Julie K. Johnson, Marjorie M. Godfrey, Linda A. Headrick,and John H. Wasson). 2. Developing High-Performing Microsystems (Eugene C. Nelson, Paul B. Batalden, William H. Edwards, Marjorie M. Godfrey, and Julie K. Johnson). 3. Leading Microsystems (Paul B. Batalden, Eugene C. Nelson, Julie K. Johnson, Marjorie M. Godfrey, Thomas P. Huber, Linda Kosnik, and Kerri Ashling). 4. Leading Macrosystems and Mesosystems for Microsystem Peak Performance (Paul B. Batalden, Eugene C. Nelson, Paul B. Gardent, and Marjorie M. Godfrey). 5. Developing Professionals and Improving Worklife (Thomas P. Huber, Marjorie M. Godfrey, Eugene C. Nelson, Julie K. Johnson, Christine Campbell, and Paul B. Batalden). 6. Planning Patient-Centered Services (Marjorie M. Godfrey, Eugene C. Nelson, John H. Wasson, Julie K. Johnson, and Paul B. Batalden). 7. Planning Patient-Centered Care (John H. Wasson, Marjorie M. Godfrey, Eugene C. Nelson, Julie K. Johnson, and Paul B. Batalden). 8. Improving Patient Safety (Julie K. Johnson, Paul Barach, Joseph P. Cravero, George T. Blike, Marjorie M. Godfrey, Paul B. Batalden, and Eugene C. Nelson). 9. Creating a Rich Information Environment (Eugene C. Nelson, Paul B. Batalden, Karen Homa, Marjorie M. Godfrey, Christine Campbell, Linda A. Headrick, Thomas P. Huber, Julie K. Johnson, and John H. Wasson). PART TWO: ACTIVATING THE ORGANIZATION AND THE DARTMOUTH MICROSYSTEM IMPROVEMENT CURRICULUM. 10. Overview of Path Forward and Introduction to Part Two. 11. Introduction to Microsystem Thinking. 12. Effective Meeting Skills I. 13. Assessing Your Microsystem with the 5 P's. 14. The Model for Improvement: PDSA! 15. Selecting Themes for Improvement. 16. Improvement Global Aim. 17. Process Mapping. 18. Specific Aim. 19. Cause and Effect Diagrams. 20. Effective Meeting Skills II: Brainstorming and Multi-Voting. 21. Change Concepts. 22. Measurement and Monitoring. 23. Action Plans and Gantt Charts. 24. Follow Through on Improvement: Storyboards, Data Walls, and Playbooks. 25. Conclusion: Continuing on the Path to Excellence. Appendix A: Primary Care Workbook. Name Index. Subject Index.
Transcription automatique de langues peu dotées

Les technologies liees a la parole, et en particulier la reconnaissance de la parole, suscitent un grand interet pour un nombre croissant de langues. La tres grande majorite des langues du monde ne possedent pas de grands corpus de donnees necessaires a l'elaboration des systemes de reconnaissance a l'etat de l'art, fondes sur des paradigmes probabilistes pour la plupart. Les travaux menes au cours de cette these ont consiste, dans un premier temps, a identifier les difficultes rencontrees lors de l'elaboration d'un systeme pour une langue peu dotee. Nous avons travaille principalement sur le probleme des forts taux de mots hors-vocabulaire dus au manque de textes, qui est a nos yeux le probleme le plus important pour ces langues. Nous defendons l'idee que l'utilisation de sous-unites lexicales correctement selectionnees, qui peuvent etre plus petites que les mots, peut amener des gains significatifs de performances. Nous avons utilise et modifie un algorithme probabiliste qui propose des frontieres de morphe, en introduisant des proprietes qui caracterisent la confusion acoustico-phonetique eventuelle entre les unites lexicales de reconnaissance. Les experiences de reconnaissance ont ete menees sur deux langues differentes : l'amharique et le turc, en collaboration avec une equipe de chercheurs turcs, de l'universite stambouliote Bogazici. Les experiences de reconnaissance ont permis d'obtenir des gains modestes mais significatifs, autour de 5% relatifs pour les gains les plus eleves, avec des reductions relatives de taux d'OOV comprises entre 30% et 50%, sur les corpus des deux langues etudiees.