Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gleaning the Web

which threatens to swamp the Internet's promised productivity gains, educational benefits, and entertainment value. In recent years, computer science has risen to this challenge, with substantial progress on systems for retrieving and filtering text. Information extraction systems provide a complementary service. IE is the task of identifying the specific fragments of a single document that constitute its core semantic content. IE from weather reports, for example, might involve identifying locations, dates, and high and low temperatures. IE from apartment listings would find neighborhoods, numbers of bedrooms, rents, and telephone numbers. Scalability is the major challenge to IE. IE systems usually rely on extraction rules tailored to a particular document collection. If this knowledge is hand-crafted, porting an IE system to new collections will be expensive. Recent research has led to the identification of important classes of Internet IE tasks for which highly scal-able systems have been developed. In this article, I • describe these IE tasks and explain how machine learning yields highly scalable IE systems, and • discuss remaining challenges and argue that scaling up AI applications on the Internet is an important challenge to machine learning. IE is a key enabling technology for several Internet-taming strategies, such as the information integration systems that present a unified view of heterogenous Inter-net sources. 1,2 A movie-information inte-grator, for example, might provide a single query interface to the movie review, cast list, and schedule information available from dozens of Internet sites. Users pose queries to the interface. The integrator decomposes each query into subqueries against the relevant sources, and then combines the results (see Figure 1). Information integration systems operate by interpreting the Internet sites not as free text, but as structured database-like knowledge sources. To do so, the system processes site documents to extract the relevant text fragments (movie titles, actor names, and so on), while discarding extraneous material such as HTML tags or advertisements. The integration system uses a library of wrappers—each wrapper is an IE system customized for a particular Internet site (see Figure 2). One might expect this Internet IE task to be inherently unscalable because • source documents are designed for people , and few sites provide machine-readable specifications of their formatting conventions; • ad hoc formatting conventions used at one site are rarely relevant elsewhere, so a new wrapper must be built for each additional site; and • sites often change their formatting—a wrapper that …
Differential effects of arsenic(III) and chromium(VI) on nuclear transcription factor binding

The toxic metals arsenic(III) and chromium(VI) are considered human carcinogens, although they may act through different mechanisms. We previously showed that when administered at single low, non‐overtly toxic doses, chromium, arsenic, and several other chemical carcinogens preferentially alter expression of several model inducible genes in both whole‐animal and cell‐culture systems. In this study, we assessed whether chromium and arsenic target specific signaling pathways within cells to selectively modulate gene expression. We examined the effects of non‐cytotoxic and cytotoxic doses of arsenic(III) and chromium(VI) on nuclear binding of the transcription factors AP‐1, NF‐κB, Sp1, and YB‐1 in human MDA‐MB‐435 breast cancer and rat H4IIE hepatoma cells. These transcription factors were chosen because they may regulate many inducible genes, including those previously shown to be altered by metal treatments. We report that both arsenic and chromium significantly altered nuclear binding levels of these factors to their respective cis‐acting elements. However, there were qualitative and quantitative differences in these effects that were dependent on the metal, time, dose, transcription factor, and cell line. These effects may play a significant role in metal‐induced alterations in gene expression. Mol. Carcinog. 25:219–229, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dislocations in nanostructured two‐phase Fe30Ni20Mn20Al30

In a previous study, the dislocations in Fe30Ni20Mn25Al25 (at. %), which consist of 50 nm wide alternating b.c.c. and B2 phases, were shown to have a/2<111> Burgers vectors after room temperature deformation. The dislocations were found to glide in pairs on both {110} and {112} slip planes and were relatively widely separated in the b.c.c. phase, where the dislocations were uncoupled, and closely spaced in the B2 phase, where the dislocations were connected by an anti‐phase boundary. In this article, we analyze the dislocations in the two ∼5 nm‐wide B2 phases in a related two‐phase alloy Fe30Ni20Mn20Al30, with compositions Fe‐23Ni‐21Mn‐24Al and Fe‐39Ni‐12Mn‐34Al, compressed to ∼3% strain at a strain rate 5 × 10−4 s−1 at 873 K (the lowest temperature at which substantial plastic flow was observed). It is shown that slip occursby the glide of a<100> dislocations. A review of the literature suggests that the differences in the observed slip vector between these B2 phases could be due to the differences in composition, differences in deformation temperature, or possibly both. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:263–267, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlling a powered exoskeleton system via electromyographic signals

An exoskeleton system is a compact, light-weight robotic mechanism that a human can put-on for the purpose of overcoming inadequate muscle strength during the performance of physical tasks. In doing so, this integrated human-machine system offers multiple opportunities for creating assistive technologies that can be used in biomedical, industrial, aerospace and everyday life applications. The scope of the present research is to develop an advanced human-machine interface based on the electromyographic (EMG) signals. The resulting EMG control command is concerned with the detection, processing, classification and application to drive the exoskeleton system.
Routing Protocol using Cross-Layer Technique for Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

ad hoc routing techniques do not fit the basic requirements of wireless ad hoc sensor network. So routing techniques used in sensor network are still under research. The proposed protocol is an on-demand, link-disjoint multipath routing protocol. During route establishment, the lower layer values like signal strength and coverage value are used to ensure the mobility of nodes and path quality respectively. The periodic update packets are unicast in each active path for route maintenance. The destination floods the control packet with lower layer values towards the source in case of both congestion and less number of multiple alternative paths. This protocol reduces route discovery latency which is an inevitable problem in ondemand routing protocol. The alternative paths decrease the route request overhead and increase the packet delivery ratio in the network. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol gives significant improvement in Quality of Service (QoS) parameter and gives better performance in large, high-mobility network.
Reinforcement Learning In Soccer Simulation

Being of a high complexity, most multi-agent systems are difficult to deal with by a hand-coded approach to decision making. In such complicated environments in which decision making processes should be controlled from both the individuals points' of view and the whole team, the common approach to the subject is the Reinforcement Learning (RL) method which is mainly based on learning the optimal policy through mapping this task to an episodic reinforcement learning framework. Reinforcement learning is the problem of generating optimal behavior in a sequential decision making environment given the opportunity of interacting with it. Since the Robocop domain is a multi-agent dynamic environment, with notable features making it outstanding for multi-agent simulation benchmarks, it has been largely used as a basis for international multi-agent simulation competitions and research challenges. For this purpose, reinforcement learning problems should be made “understandable” for “agents” which are Robocop players in this case. To make the agents “aware” of what they are intended to do, this paper will provide an overview of different methods and alternative approaches as a starting point for robocupers who are not familiar with reinforcement learning problems in the Robocop domain.
Incomplete Stent Apposition Causes High Shear Flow Disturbances and Delay in Neointimal Coverage as a Function of Strut to Wall Detachment Distance: Implications for the Management of Incomplete Stent Apposition

Background—Lack of re-endothelialization and neointimal coverage on stent struts has been put forward as the main underlying mechanism leading to late stent thrombosis. Incomplete stent apposition (ISA) has been observed frequently in patients with very late stent thrombosis after drug eluting stent implantation, suggesting a role of ISA in the pathogenesis of this adverse event. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different degrees of ISA severity on abnormal shear rate and healing response with coverage, because of its potential implications for stent optimization in clinical practice. Methods and Results—We characterized flow profile and shear distribution in different cases of ISA with increasing strut-wall detachment distance (ranging from 100 to 500 &mgr;m). Protruding strut and strut malapposed with moderate detachment (ISA detachment distance <100 &mgr;m) have minimal disturbance to blood flow as compared with floating strut that has more significant ISA distance. In vivo impact on strut coverage was assessed retrospectively using optical coherence tomography evaluation on 72 stents (48 patients) sequentially at baseline and after 6-month follow-up. Analysis of coverage revealed an important impact of baseline strut-wall ISA distance on the risk of incomplete strut coverage at follow-up. Malapposed segments with an ISA detachment <100 &mgr;m at baseline showed complete strut coverage at follow-up, whereas segments with a maximal ISA detachment distance of 100 to 300 &mgr;m and >300 &mgr;m had 6.1% and 15.7% of their struts still uncovered at follow-up, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusions—Flow disturbances and risk of delayed strut coverage both increase with ISA detachment distance. Insights from this study are important for understanding malapposition as a quantitative, rather than binary phenomenon (present or absent) and to define the threshold of ISA detachment that might benefit from optimization during stent implantation.
Sperm Cell Population Dynamics in Ram Semen during the Cryopreservation Process

Background Sperm cryopreservation has become an indispensable tool in biology. Initially, studies were aimed towards the development of efficient freezing protocols in different species that would allow for an efficient storage of semen samples for long periods of time, ensuring its viability. Nowadays, it is widely known that an important individual component exists in the cryoresistance of semen, and efforts are aimed at identifying those sperm characteristics that may allow us to predict this cryoresistance. This knowledge would lead, ultimately, to the design of optimized freezing protocols for the sperm characteristics of each male. Methodology/Principal Findings We have evaluated the changes that occur in the sperm head dimensions throughout the cryopreservation process. We have found three different patterns of response, each of one related to a different sperm quality at thawing. We have been able to characterize males based on these patterns. For each male, its pattern remained constant among different ejaculates. This latter would imply that males always respond in the same way to freezing, giving even more importance to this sperm feature. Conclusions/Significance Changes in the sperm head during cryopreservation process have resulted useful to identify the ability of semen of males for freezing. We suggest that analyses of these response patterns would represent an important tool to characterize the cryoresistance of males when implemented within breeding programs. We also propose follow-up experiments to examine the outcomes of the use of different freezing protocols depending on the pattern of response of males.
"All-on-Four" immediate-function concept with Brånemark System implants for completely edentulous mandibles: a retrospective clinical study.

BACKGROUND Immediate-function Brånemark System implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) have become an accepted alternative for fixed restorations in edentulous mandibles, based on documented high success rates. Continuous development is ongoing to find simple protocols for their use. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop and document a simple, safe, and effective surgical and prosthetic protocol for immediate function (within 2 hours) of four Brånemark System implants supporting fixed prostheses in completely edentulous mandibles: the "All-on-Four" concept. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective clinical study included 44 patients with 176 immediately loaded implants, placed in the anterior region, supporting fixed complete-arch mandibular prostheses in acrylic. In addition to the immediately loaded implants, 24 of the 44 patients had 62 rescue implants not incorporated in the provisional prostheses but incorporated in final prostheses later on. RESULTS Five immediately loaded implants were lost in five patients before the 6-month follow-up, giving cumulative survival rates of 96.7 and 98.2% for development and routine groups, respectively. The prostheses' survival was 100%, and the average bone resorption was low. CONCLUSIONS The high cumulative implant and prostheses survival rates indicate that the "All-on-Four" immediate-function concept with Brånemark System implants used in completely edentulous mandibles is a viable concept.
Severe Obesity in Adolescents and Young Adults Is Associated With Subclinical Cardiac and Vascular Changes.

CONTEXT Severe obesity is the fastest growing subgroup of obesity in youth. OBJECTIVE We sought to explore the association between severe obesity and subclinical measures of cardiac and vascular structure and function in adolescents and young adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a cross-sectional comparison of 265 adolescents and young adults with severe obesity (defined as body mass index [BMI] ≥120% of the 95th percentile) to 182 adolescents and young adults with obesity (defined as BMI ≥100-119th of the 95th percentile) at tertiary medical center. MAIN OUTCOMES Noninvasive measures of cardiac and vascular structure and function were assessed. RESULTS Participants were a mean age of 17.9 years, 62% were non-Caucasian, and 68% were female. Systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, C-reactive protein, IL-6, and frequency of type 2 diabetes were higher in participants with severe obesity (all P < .05). Arterial thickness and stiffness, cardiac structure, and diastolic function were also significantly worse in youth with severe obesity as measured by higher left ventricular mass index, worse diastolic function, higher carotid intima media thickness, and pulse wave velocity and lower brachial distensibility (all P < .05). Regression modeling showed that severe obesity (compared with obesity) was independently associated with each of the above outcomes after adjustment for age, race, sex, blood pressure, lipids, and inflammatory markers (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents and young adults with severe obesity have a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile and worse cardiac and vascular structure and function. More importantly, severe obesity is independently associated with these subclinical cardiac and vascular changes.
Cascaded SVMs in Pattern Classification for Time-Sensitive Separating

This paper introduced some fundamental background knowledge of Support Vector Machine, including VC dimension, separable hyperplane, and feature space as well. Two kinds of cascaded SVMs architecture are reviewed, i.e. parallel and serial structure Parallel SVMs can reduce the run time effectively. And serial SVMs is being used for multi-class separating, and discard the negative samples at the early stage. In the end we proposed two potential applications using cascaded SVMs.
A 630-mS/mm GaAs MESFET with Au/WSiN refractory metal gate

GaAs MESFET's with a gate length as low as 0.2 mu m have been successfully fabricated with Au/WSiN refractory metal gate n/sup +/-self-aligned ion-implantation technology. A very thin channel layer with high carrier concentration was realized with 10-keV ion implantation of Si and rapid thermal annealing. Low-energy implantation of the n/sup +/-contact regions was examined to reduce substrate leakage current. The 0.2- mu m gate-length devices exhibited a maximum transconductance of 630 mS/mm and an intrinsic transconductance of 920 mS/mm at a threshold voltage of -0.14 V. <<ETX>>
A fast vehicle tag recognition system with video by IP camera

Vehicle tag recognition (VTR) is an important part of intelligent transportation system (ITS) that has many applications. The main parts for this system to recognize the vehicle tags include tag location in video, character extraction from the tag images and single character recognition. As for vehicle tag recognition in video streams, the whole processing time of tag recognition must be no more than 0.1 second in order to achieve real-time performance with the recognition system. In location part, templates match and text check are used to find the tag area quickly. Characters are then segmented using the tag's geometrical characteristic and supplementary with the scan of projection image. Next, a hybrid method combining statistical and structural analysis is used to recognize the single character. Vehicle tag's images must be skew corrected and normalized before recognition because of different distance and direction of camera to the objective vehicles. In the recognition part, statistical methods are used to recognize the input character independently. If the output of the this stage contains characters that belong to confusion sets, then structure analysis method is used to further classify these character images. The system has been used in China, South Africa and USA. It is verified that methods developed are very robust and efficient.
A Tactic-Based Approach to Embodying Non-functional Requirements into Software Architectures

This paper presents an approach for embodying nonfunctional requirements (NFRs) into software architecture using architectural tactics. Architectural tactics are reusable architectural building blocks, providing general architectural solutions for commonly occurring issues related to quality attributes. In this approach, architectural tactics are represented as feature models, and their semantics is defined using the role-based metamodeling language (RBML) which is a UML-based pattern specification notation. Given a set of NFRs, architectural tactics are elected and composed. The composed tactic is then used to instantiate an initial architecture for the application where the NFRs are embodied. A stock trading system is used to demonstrate the approach.
Cell Stem Cell Resource An Oct 4-Centered Protein Interaction Network in Embryonic Stem Cells

General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact openaccess@ed.ac. uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. SUMMARY Transcription factors, such as Oct4, are critical for establishing and maintaining pluripotent cell identity. Whereas the genomic locations of several pluripo-tency transcription factors have been reported, the spectrum of their interaction partners is underex-plored. Here, we use an improved affinity protocol to purify Oct4-interacting proteins from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Subsequent purification of Oct4 partners Sall4, Tcfcp2l1, Dax1, and Esrrb resulted in an Oct4 interactome of 166 proteins , including transcription factors and chromatin-modifying complexes with documented roles in self-renewal, but also many factors not previously associated with the ESC network. We find that Esrrb associated with the basal transcription machinery and also detect interactions between transcription factors and components of the TGF-b, Notch, and Wnt signaling pathways. Acute depletion of Oct4 reduced binding of Tcfcp2l1, Dax1, and Esrrb to several target genes. In conclusion, our purification protocol allowed us to bring greater definition to the circuitry controlling pluripotent cell identity.
Multicenter imaging outcomes study of The Cancer Genome Atlas glioblastoma patient cohort: imaging predictors of overall and progression-free survival.

BACKGROUND Despite an aggressive therapeutic approach, the prognosis for most patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains poor. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of preoperative MRI variables, both quantitative and qualitative, with regard to overall and progression-free survival in GBM. METHODS We retrospectively identified 94 untreated GBM patients from the Cancer Imaging Archive who had pretreatment MRI and corresponding patient outcomes and clinical information in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Qualitative imaging assessments were based on the Visually Accessible Rembrandt Images feature-set criteria. Volumetric parameters were obtained of the specific tumor components: contrast enhancement, necrosis, and edema/invasion. Cox regression was used to assess prognostic and survival significance of each image. RESULTS Univariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated 10 imaging features and 2 clinical variables to be significantly associated with overall survival. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that tumor-enhancing volume (P = .03) and eloquent brain involvement (P < .001) were independent prognostic indicators of overall survival. In the multivariable Cox analysis of the volumetric features, the edema/invasion volume of more than 85 000 mm(3) and the proportion of enhancing tumor were significantly correlated with higher mortality (Ps = .004 and .003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative MRI parameters have a significant prognostic role in predicting survival in patients with GBM, thus making them useful for patient stratification and endpoint biomarkers in clinical trials.
Blind deconvolution with PSF regularization for wide-field microscopy

We propose to use a kernel intensity penalizer (KIP) in the blind maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) deconvolution scheme. With this very general kernel regularization term, we can stabilize the blind MLEM scheme even for the deconvolution of wide-field microscopic recordings. No complex prior point spread function models are needed. We combine state of the art optimization schemes using Tikhonov-Miller and TV regularization with our new kernel regularization. The proposed method improves the conventional deconvolution methods in terms of SNR on real and simulated datasets.