Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is the effect of monetary policy on market behavior

This paper discusses monetary policy’s effects on market behavior instead of the opposite relationship that Gertler and Lown (1999) examined. Sargent (1979) discusses that the rational expectations theory is related to What is the effect of monetary policy on market behavior? Michael Mayberger The Park Place Economist, Volume XXII 79 the term structure of interest rates. He states that long-term yields are a function of current and past short-term rates. In the rational expectations theory, economic choices are based on a rational outlook of all available information and past experiences. The theory suggests that current expectations in the economy are equivalent to what the future state of the economy will be. This contrasts the idea that monetary policy influences the decisions of people in the economy. This article is available in The Park Place Economist: http://digitalcommons.iwu. edu/parkplace/vol22/iss1/16
Identifying Linkage Groups by Nonlinearity/Non-monotonicity Detection

This paper presents and discusses direct linkage identiication procedures based on nonlinearity/non-monotonicity detection. The algorithm we propose checks arbitrary nonlinearity/non-monotonicity of t-ness change by perturbations in a pair of loci to detect their linkage. We rst discuss condition of the linkage identiication by nonlinearity check (LINC) procedure (Mune-tomo & Goldberg, 1998) and its allowable nonlinearity. Then we propose another condition of the linkage identiication by non-monotonicity detection (LIMD) and prove its equality to the LINC with allowable nonlin-earity (LINC-AN). The procedures can identify linkage groups for problems with at most order-k diiculty by checking O(2 k) strings and the computational cost for each string is O(l 2) where l is the string length.
How Consumer Price Subsidies Affect Nutrition

We study the effect on nutrition of an exogenous increase in food grain subsidy in rural India resulting from a program targeting the poor. Our analysis suggests that increase in income resulting from the food price subsidy changed consumption patterns in favor of the subsidized grains and certain more expensive sources of calorie, and lowered consumption of coarse grains that are cheaper, yet taste-wise, inferior sources of nutrition, but had no effect on calorie, protein and fat intake in poor households. Further, our analysis shows that households allocated some of the increase in income from food price subsidy to expenditures on non-food items. Estimates of the price effect of food price subsidy on the three measures of nutrition are also negligible. We find evidence that the decline in the price of wheat and rice, changed consumption patterns toward increased consumption of wheat and rice and lower consumption of coarse grains, the unsubsidized staple food. Our analysis thus suggests that food price subsidies are likely to affect agriculture markets without impacting nutrition.
Impact of other-cell interferences on downlink capacity in WCDMA Network

Before the establishment of the UMTS network, operators are obliged to make the planning process to ensure a better quality of service (QOS) for mobile stations belonging to WCDMA cells. This process consists of estimating a set of parameters characterizing the radio cell in the downlink direction. Among them, we are interested in the Node B total required power PTot, and the maximum cell capacity, in the case of voice only and in the case of voice/video. To implement the effect of the other-cell interferences power, modeled as a fraction fDL of the own-cell received power, on various radio parameters described previously, we focused our study on two different scenarios: the first is based on an isolated cell and the second, on multiple cells. In addition, when the WCDMA cell reaches its maximum capacity, the introduction of admission control algorithms is essential to maintain the QOS of the ongoing mobile stations. For this purpose, we have proposed an admission control algorithm, based both on the Node B total required power and the cell loading factor. This algorithm gives rigorous results compared to the existing ones in the literature.
Remaking the American University: Market-Smart and Mission-Centered

At one time, universities educated new generations and were a source of social change. Today, colleges and universities are less places of public purpose than agencies of personal advantage. Remaking the American University provides a penetrating analysis of the ways market forces have shaped and distorted the behaviors, purposes, and ultimately the missions of universities and colleges over the past half-century. The authors describe how a competitive preoccupation with published rankings and markets has spawned an admissions arms race that drains institutional resources and energies. Equally revealing are their depictions of the ways faculty distance themselves from their universities, resulting in an increase in the number of administrators that contributes substantially to institutional costs. Other chapters focus on the impact of intercollegiate athletics on the educational mission, even among selective institutions; on the unforeseen result of higher education's "outsourcing" of a substantial share of the scholarly publication function to for-profit interests; and on the consequences of today's overzealous investments in e-learning. These trends raise the central question: Can universities and colleges today still choose to be places of public purpose? In the answers they provide, both sobering and enlightening, the authors underscore a consistent and powerful lesson--academic institutions cannot ignore the workings of the markets. The challenge ahead is to learn how to better use those markets for the greater public good. Robert Zemsky is a longtime professor at the University of Pennsylvania where he currently serves as the chair of the Learning Alliance. He has served as Penn's chief planning officer, as master of Hill College House, as the founding director of the Institute for Research on Higher Education, and as the codirector of the federal government's National Center on the Educational Quality of the Workforce. Gregory R. Wegner is the director of program development at the Great Lakes Colleges Association. He was the first and only managing editor of Policy Perspectives. William F. Massy is the president of the Jackson Hole Higher Education Group, Inc., and professor emeritus of higher education and business administration at Stanford University. In the 1970s and 1980s he held senior administrative positions at Stanford University, where he pioneered the use of financial management and planning tools that have become standards in higher education.
User-Session-Based Test Cases Optimization Method Based on Agglutinate Hierarchy Clustering

Web application testing based on user session reduces artificial efforts while designing and generating test cases. It attracts more and more researchers and forms a hot spot of web application testing. Reduction, prioritization, and selection of test cases are widely used for the testing based on user session. In this paper, web application test cases optimization based on clustering is researched, and a novel method named USCHC (User Sessions Clustering based on Hierarchical Clustering algorithm for test cases optimization) is proposed. This method firstly gives the function to calculate the distance between the user sessions, and then employs the bottom-up agglutinate hierarchical clustering algorithm to cluster the initial testing cases and produces different kinds of test suites. From the clustered test suites, representative test cases are selected to replace the original test cases in each kind of test suites to test the functionality of web applications. The experiments show that the number of test cases is reduced through USCHC while the testing efficiency is improved.
Adaptive multi-user fair packet scheduling in HSDPA network

Next generation mobile networks are expected to provide seamless personal mobile communications and quality of service (QoS) guaranteed services. In this paper, the focus is on the packet scheduling of data generated by exhaustive applications. The performance of a new packet scheduling called adaptive proportional fair with user multiplexing (APFUM) is proposed and compared to the proportional fair scheduling. Bandwidth adaptation enables to increase network capacity while keeping a reasonable mean throughput of adapted users. Performance results show that the proposed algorithm is more effective in reducing the access delay and the rejection probability and in enhancing fairness. This benefit is obtained at the expense of introducing an adaptation rate.
How to Calculate Renyi Entropy from Heart Rate Variability, and Why it Matters for Detecting Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a disease that involves nerve damage leading to an abnormal control of heart rate. An open question is to what extent this condition is detectable from heart rate variability (HRV), which provides information only on successive intervals between heart beats, yet is non-invasive and easy to obtain from a three-lead ECG recording. A variety of measures may be extracted from HRV, including time domain, frequency domain, and more complex non-linear measures. Among the latter, Renyi entropy has been proposed as a suitable measure that can be used to discriminate CAN from controls. However, all entropy methods require estimation of probabilities, and there are a number of ways in which this estimation can be made. In this work, we calculate Renyi entropy using several variations of the histogram method and a density method based on sequences of RR intervals. In all, we calculate Renyi entropy using nine methods and compare their effectiveness in separating the different classes of participants. We found that the histogram method using single RR intervals yields an entropy measure that is either incapable of discriminating CAN from controls, or that it provides little information that could not be gained from the SD of the RR intervals. In contrast, probabilities calculated using a density method based on sequences of RR intervals yield an entropy measure that provides good separation between groups of participants and provides information not available from the SD. The main contribution of this work is that different approaches to calculating probability may affect the success of detecting disease. Our results bring new clarity to the methods used to calculate the Renyi entropy in general, and in particular, to the successful detection of CAN.
Long run Relationship of Indian Equity Market with Developed Countries and South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Countries Equity Market

Abstract This study investigates the long run relationship of Indian stock market with the stock markets of developed countries and South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation countries. Weekly closing stock market prices are used for the analysis and the data for the period of January 1, 2001 to December 2010 have taken from Yahoo finance. Different statistical tools are employed in the study including multivariate co-integration and vector error-correction model. The result of Johansen co-integration test has revealed one co-integration equation, which shows that the integration of the markets and an existence of long run equilibrium between the markets. The pair wise co-integration result has also indicated that Indian stock market is co-integrated with the stock market of France, German, UK, USA and Sri Lanka whereas the Indian stock market has no co-integration with the stock markets of Australia, Spain and Pakistan. Therefore, potential investors from Australia, Spain and Pakistan have better chance for portfolio diversification by investing their funds in the Indian stock market. Key words: Weekly closing value, co-integration, unit root, Granger causality
The True Single View Point ( SVP ) Configuration for Omni-Directional View Catadioptric System Using Cone Mirror

Pinhole camera model is a simplified subset of geometric optics. In special cases like the image formation of the cone (a degenerate conic section) mirror in an omnidirectional view catadioptric system, there are more complex optical phenomena involved that the simple pinhole model can not explain. We show that using the full geometric optics model a true single viewpoint cone mirror omni-directional system can be built. We show how such system is built first, and then show in detail how each optical phenomenon works together to make the system true single viewpoint. The new system requires only simple off-the-shelf components and still outperforms other single viewpoint omni-systems for many applications.
Wake-Up-Receiver in energy efficient Wireless Sensor Networks for security applications

Wireless sensor networks are especially interesting for event-based applications (e.g. security applications), which present low and variable data rate, but a vital low latency requirement. In this case, an innovative solution using wake-up receivers allows purely asynchronous operations with low latency. A wake-up receiver is a low power radio-triggered device used to continuously monitor a channel and which activates the node on demand for incoming communication. Such a modular, small sized and good performing (-15 dBm input sensitivity and only 6μW power consumption) wake-up receiver module has been developed from off-theshelves components. A new software communication protocol taking advantage of the wake-up on radio functionality is proposed, successfully demonstrated and compares well against standard low duty cycle MAC protocols.
Microfluidic amplification as a tool for massive parallel sequencing of the familial hypercholesterolemia genes.

BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder that affects cholesterol metabolism and is an important risk factor for heart disease. Three different genes were causally linked to this disorder: LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor), APOB [apolipoprotein B (including Ag(x) antigen)], and PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9). We evaluated a new amplicon preparation tool for resequencing these genes on next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms. METHODS For the 3 genes, 38 primer pairs were designed and loaded on the Fluidigm Access Array, a microfluidic array in which a PCR was performed. We amplified 144 DNA samples (73 positive controls and 71 patient samples) and performed 3 sequencing runs on a GS FLX Titanium system from Roche 454, using pyrosequencing. Data were analyzed with the SeqNext module of the Sequence Pilot software. RESULT From the 38 amplicons, 37 were amplified successfully, without any further optimization. Sequencing resulted in a mean coverage of the individual amplicons of 71-fold, 74-fold, and 117-fold for the 3 runs, respectively. In the positive controls, all known mutations were identified. In 29% of the patient samples, a pathogenic point mutation or small deletion/insertion was found. Large rearrangements were not detectable with NGS, but were picked up by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. CONCLUSIONS Combining a microfluidic amplification system with massive parallel sequencing is an effective method for mutation scanning in FH patients, which can be implemented in diagnostics. For data analysis, we propose a minimum variant frequency threshold of 20% and a minimum coverage of 25-fold.
MAT 585 : Max-Cut and Stochastic Block Model

Today we discuss two NP-hard problems, Max-Cut and minimum bisection. As these problems are NP-hard, unless the widely believed P 6= NP conjecture is false, these problem cannot be solved in polynomial time for every instance. These leaves us with a couple of alternatives: either we look for algorithms that approximate the solution, or consider algorithms that work for “typical” instances, but not for all. We will study a particular algorithm of the first type for Max-Cut and an algorithm of the second type for minimum bisection.
Skeletonization Algorithm for Numeral Patterns

Skeletonization has been a part of morphological image processing for a wide variety of applications. Skeletonization algorithms have played an important role in the preprocessing phase of OCR systems. Many algorithms for vectorization by skeletonization have been devised and applied to a great variety of pictures and drawings for data compression, pattern recognition and raster-to-vector conversion. The vectorization algorithms often used in pattern recognition tasks also require one-pixel-wide lines as input. But parallel skeletonization algorithms which generate one-pixel-wide skeletons can have difficulty in preserving the connectivity of an image or generate spurious branches. In this paper an alternative parallel skeletonization algorithm has been developed and implemented. This algorithm is better than already existing algorithms in terms of connectivity and spurious branches. A few most common skeletonization algorithms have been implemented and evaluated on the basis of performance parameters and compared with newly developed algorithm.
An Investigation into the Motion Cues Eliciting a Perception of Animacy

The perception of animacy judging an object as appearing alive is a fundamental social perception dating back to Piaget. The present research investigates motion to examine how and when people will perceive an ambiguous moving object as appearing alive. Chapter 1 uses a number of methods to illustrate that people will judge a relatively faster-moving object as appearing alive more often than an identical but relatively slower-moving object. Chapter 2 demonstrates that people are more likely to perceive an object moving at a constant speed if it appears to move relatively faster than a similar object. Further, people will make this judgement even if the differences in speed are not real, but merely illusory. Chapter 3 describes a specific case where the association of greater speed and animacy is not perceptually maintained. By showing people objects that appear to fall or rise thereby obeying or violating gravity it is shown that our perceptions of animacy are not fixed, but rather are functionally adapted to at least one regular and predictable feature of the visual environment; namely gravity. This suggests that some aspects of our perceptions of animacy have been shaped over evolutionary time. The following chapter examines whether our perceptions of animacy are structured like our perceptions of colours categorically, such that there is an identifiable boundary between the velocities that elicit a perception of animacy and the velocities that do not. Results suggest that people do not perceive animacy categorically. The final empirical chapter illustrates that experience over the lifespan also influences our perceptions of animacy and of speed. Monolingual readers of a language read from left-to-right (viz., English) were biased to judge an object moving in that direction as appearing faster and more alive than an object moving at the same speed in the opposite direction. However, bilingual readers of both English and a language read from right-to-left did not exhibit this bias.
A method for building self-folding machines

Folding robots and metamaterials The same principles used to make origami art can make self-assembling robots and tunable metamaterials—artificial materials engineered to have properties that may not be found in nature (see the Perspective by You). Felton et al. made complex self-folding robots from flat templates. Such robots could potentially be sent through a collapsed building or tunnels and then assemble themselves autonomously into their final functional form. Silverberg et al. created a mechanical metamaterial that was folded into a tessellated pattern of unit cells. These cells reversibly switched between soft and stiff states, causing large, controllable changes to the way the material responded to being squashed. Science, this issue p. 644, p. 647; see also p. 623 Origami techniques are used to develop crawling robots that self-fold from flat-pack designs. Origami can turn a sheet of paper into complex three-dimensional shapes, and similar folding techniques can produce structures and mechanisms. To demonstrate the application of these techniques to the fabrication of machines, we developed a crawling robot that folds itself. The robot starts as a flat sheet with embedded electronics, and transforms autonomously into a functional machine. To accomplish this, we developed shape-memory composites that fold themselves along embedded hinges. We used these composites to recreate fundamental folded patterns, derived from computational origami, that can be extrapolated to a wide range of geometries and mechanisms. This origami-inspired robot can fold itself in 4 minutes and walk away without human intervention, demonstrating the potential both for complex self-folding machines and autonomous, self-controlled assembly.
3’UTR Polymorphism in ACSL1 Gene Correlates with Expression Levels and Poor Clinical Outcome in Colon Cancer Patients

Strong evidence suggests that lipid metabolism (LM) has an essential role in tumor growth to support special energetic and structural requirements of tumor cells. Recently, overexpression of LM-related genes, apolipoproteins related to metabolic syndrome, and ACSL/SCD network involved in fatty acid activation have been proposed as prognostic markers of colon cancer (CC). Furthermore, activation of this latter lipid network has been recently demonstrated to confer invasive and stem cell properties to tumor cells promoting tumor aggressiveness and patient relapse. With the aim of elucidating whether any genetic variation within these genes could influence basal expression levels and consequent susceptibility to relapse, we genotype, in 284 CC patients, 57 polymorphisms located in the 7 genes of these lipid networks previously associated with worse clinical outcome of CC patients (ABCA1, ACSL1, AGPAT1, APOA2, APOC1, APOC2 and SCD), some of them related to CC aggressiveness. After adjusting with clinical confounding factors and multiple comparisons, an association between genotype and disease-free survival (DFS) was shown for rs8086 in 3’-UTR of ACSL1 gene (HR 3.08; 95% CI 1.69–5.63; adjusted p = 0.046). Furthermore, the risk T/T genotype had significantly higher ACSL1 gene expression levels than patients carrying C/T or C/C genotype (means = 5.34; 3.73; 2.37 respectively; p-value (ANOVA) = 0.019), suggesting a functional role of this variant. Thus, we have identified a “risk genotype” of ACSL1 gene that confers constitutive high levels of the enzyme, which is involved in the activation of fatty acids through conversion to acyl-CoA and has been recently related to increased invasiveness of tumor cells. These results suggest that rs8086 of ACSL1 could be a promising prognostic marker in CC patients, reinforcing the relevance of LM in the progression of CC.