Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subsequent chemotherapy improves survival outcome in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with acquired tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance.

BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) provide promising effect against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although most tumors acquire resistance. Our objective was to assess the survival outcome of patients with NSCLC with or without subsequent chemotherapy after acquired TKI resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 114 patients with pathologically confirmed stage IIIB or IV NSCLC who had had disease control with TKIs were retrospectively reviewed. After acquired TKI resistance, patients received either best supportive care (BSC) only or BSC plus subsequent chemotherapy. Both groups were well balanced in regard to performance status, age, sex, histology subtype, and smoking status. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients (58.8%) received subsequent chemotherapy, and 47 patients (41.2%) received BSC only. The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) from the time of TKI resistance in the subsequent-chemotherapy group (11.2 months and 3.5 months, respectively) were longer than those of the BSC group (3.8 months and 1.5 months, respectively; P < .01). Patients who subsequently received taxane-based chemotherapy exhibited higher a response rate and disease control rate (48.7% and 79.5%, respectively) than patients treated with a nontaxane regimen (21.4% and 53.5%, respectively; P < .05). Overall survival and PFS in patients after taxane-based subsequent chemotherapy (12.7 months and 5.1 months, respectively) were longer than those of patients given a nontaxane regimen (7 months and 1.8 months, respectively; P < .01). CONCLUSION This study suggests that acquired TKI resistance should be managed aggressively. The higher antitumor response and survival outcome with a taxane-based regimen in this retrospective study could encourage further prospective investigation to confirm the efficacy of taxane over nontaxane chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC whose disease progresses with EGFR TKI treatment.
Early netrin‐1 expression impairs central nervous system remyelination

Chronically demyelinated multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions are frequently characterized by scarce undifferentiated oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), suggesting the exhaustion of a local OPC pool followed by failure of recruitment and differentiation. Stimulating prompt OPC recruitment following demyelination could improve myelin repair by providing sufficient numbers of remyelinating cells during the repair‐permissive period. Understanding mechanisms that determine this process may have important therapeutic implications. We therefore investigated the role of the guidance molecule netrin‐1 in OPC recruitment and central nervous system (CNS) remyelination.
Context-dependent connectionist probability estimation in a hybrid hidden Markov model-neural net speech recognition system

Abstract In this paper we present a training method and a network architecture for estimating context-dependent observation probabilities in the framework of a hybrid hidden Markov model (HMM)/multi layer perceptron (MLP) speaker-independent continuous speech recognition system. The context-dependent modeling approach we present here computes the HMM context-dependent observation probabilities using a Bayesian factorization in terms of context-conditioned posterior phone probabilities which are computed with a set of MLPs, one for every relevant context. The proposed network architecture shares the input-to-hidden layer among the set of context dependent MLPs in order to reduce the number of independent parameters. Multiple states for phone models with different context dependence for each state are used to model the different context effects at the beginning and end of phonetic segments. A new training procedure that "smooths" networks with different degrees of context dependence is proposed to obtain a robust estimate of the context-dependent probabilities. We have used this new architecture to model generalized biphone phonetic contexts. Tests with the speaker-independent DARPA Resource Management database have shown average reductions in word error rates of 28% using a word-pair grammar, compared to our earlier context-independent HMM/MLP hybrid.
The Impact of Unconditional Cash Transfers on Nutrition: The South African Child Support Grant

In light of research that has argued that the income elasticity of nutrition is low, the goal of a new generation of cash transfer programmes to boost the nutrition of poor families' children may seem surprising. This observation applies especially to South Africa's unconditional Child Support Grant (CSG), in which cash grants are made to families with no strings attached. However, in contrast to the market-generated income increases that identified low nutritional elasticities in the earlier studies, the income increases generated by the South African cash transfers are almost exclusively assigned to women. Taking advantage of a slow programme rollout that created exogenous variation in the extent of CSG treatment received by beneficiaries in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, this Working Paper utilizes the continuous treatment method of Hirano and Imbens (2004) to estimate the impact of these transfers on child nutrition as measured by child height-for-age. Large dosages of CSG treatment early in life are shown to significantly boost child height. Drawing on the best estimates in the literature, these estimated height gains in turn suggest large adult earnings increases for treated children and a discounted rate of return on CSG payments of between 160 per cent and 230 per cent.
The coexistence of multiple receptors in a single nerve terminal provides evidence for pre‐synaptic integration

Excitatory synaptic transmission is inhibited by G protein coupled receptors, including the adenosine A1, GABAB, and metabotropic glutamate receptor 7. These receptors are present in nerve terminals where they reduce the release of glutamate through activating signaling pathways negatively coupled to Ca2+ channels and adenylyl cyclase. However, it is not clear whether these receptors operate in distinct subpopulations of nerve terminals or if they are co‐expressed in the same nerve terminals, despite the functional consequences that such distributions may have on synaptic transmission. Applying Ca2+ imaging and immunocytochemistry, we show that these three G protein coupled receptors coexist in a subpopulation of cerebrocortical nerve terminals. The three receptors share an intracellular signaling pathway through which their inhibitory responses are integrated and coactivation of these receptors produced an integrated response. Indeed, this response was highly variable, from a synergistic response at subthreshold agonist concentrations to an occluded response at high agonist concentrations. The presence of multiple receptors in a nerve terminal could be responsible for the physiological effects of neurotransmitter spillover from neighboring synapses or alternatively, the co‐release of transmitters by the same nerve terminal.
An earlier component of face perception detected by seeing-as-face task

To investigate the time sequence of the neural processes underlying face perception, magnetoencephalography was performed using a seeing-as-face task, in which visual inputs were identical across two conditions, but subject perceptions differed: one being a non-specific pattern of geographical shapes, the other being a percept of a face. Subtraction between the two conditions revealed a response occurring 120 ms after stimulus onset in right occipital, ∼50 ms earlier than previously reported response at a latency of 170 ms at the right fusiform gyrus. As our novel task completely excluded differences in low-level properties of visual stimuli between control and face conditions, these two responses were considered specific to face perception. The result supported the two-stage theory of face processing.
Driving evaluation practices of clinicians working in the United States and Canada.

OBJECTIVE To determine off-road and on-road driving evaluation practices of clinicians in the United States and Canada who assess individuals with disabilities for fitness to drive. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 114 clinician attendees at the 2003 annual Association of Driver Educators for the Disabled with driving assessment experience ranging from 1 month to 25 years. MEASURES Information was elicited regarding the clinician, clientele, referral practices, and off-road and on-road driving evaluation practices and retraining practices using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Participants were largely occupational therapists (68%) who worked in 42 different states and provinces. The most prevalent clientele were persons with traumatic brain injury (97%) and stroke (96%). Testing times greater than 60 min were common for both the off-road (61%) and on-road (49%) evaluations. Commonly performed off-road assessments included the Brake Reaction Timer; Trail Making Test, Parts A and B; and the Motor Free Visual Perception Test, used by 73%, 72%, and 66%, respectively; comprehensive computer-based driving evaluation was rare. Sixty-one percent indicated that all clients underwent on-road evaluation regardless of the off-road results. Finally, 78% used a standard driving route, whereas 24% used a scoring system to evaluate on-road driving. CONCLUSION Driving assessment in Canada and the United States is multidimensional and time-intensive. Although the domains being assessed are similar across clincians, specific off-road and on-road assessment practices vary greatly. The majority use nonstandardized on-road assessments.
Decimal Multiformat Online Addition

This paper presents and analyzes two different strategies for designing multiformat online decimal adders ( <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{olDFA}_{\text{Mformat}}$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="garciavega-ieq1-2516009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>). The first strategy uses a code conversion stage plus an online Decimal Full Adder (olDFA); the second one involves designing specific adders by modifying the architecture of the olDFA. These strategies are applied in the design of specific architectures to deal with financial analysis calculations. We use synthesis results to verify the theoretical aspects of the designs and to analyze the robustness and lacks of the strategies. The guidelines presented in the paper are valuable to designers of online multiformat-based solutions.
A categorical guide to separation, compactness and perfectness.

Based on a rather arbitrary class of morphisms in a category(cid:2) which play the role of (cid:3)closed maps(cid:4)(cid:2) we present a general approach to sep(cid:5) aration and compactness(cid:2) both at the object and the morphism levels(cid:6) It covers essential parts of the classical topological theory(cid:2) generalizes various previous categorical treatments of the theme(cid:2) and allows for a number of less expected applications outside topology(cid:6) (cid:0)(cid:1)
Deep brain stimulation in the treatment of chorea

Deep brain stimulation has been used as a means of reducing dyskinesias in various conditions, including Parkinson's disease and dystonia for many years. Recently, owing to the clinical similarities between L‐dopa induced dyskinesia and chorea, deep brain stimulation has now been implemented as a novel treatment method in both Huntington's disease and neuroacanthocytosis, and a paucity of case studies exist reporting its efficacy. This review will summarize the case studies of deep brain stimulation in both Huntington's disease and neuroacanthocytosis, and discuss the possible implications and limitations associated with these reports. As both these disorders are often refractory to medication and difficult to treat, deep brain stimulation may be a useful treatment option in the future. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
The neuropsychology of prefrontal function in antisocial personality disordered offenders with varying degrees of psychopathy

Background Despite methodological differences between studies, it has been suggested that psychopathy may be associated with a ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) deficit and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), as classified in the DSM-IV, with a broader range of deficits in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and VMPFC function. Method Ninety-six male offenders with ASPD who were assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV) and 49 male right-handed healthy controls (HCs), matched for age and IQ, completed a neuropsychological test battery. Results Offenders with ASPD displayed subtle impairments on executive function tasks of planning ability and set shifting and behavioural inhibition compared to HCs. However, among the offenders with ASPD there was no significant association between executive function impairment and scores on the measure of psychopathy. Conclusions Psychopathic traits in offenders with ASPD are not associated with greater executive function impairment.
Compression of Fingerprint Images Using Wavelet Transform and Vector Quantization

In this paper the problem of compression of fingerprint images is addressed. The presented method utilises wavelet transform followed by vector quantization. We compare our approach with the FBI fingerprint compression standard based on wavelet transform and scalar quantization. Due to the use of the vector instead of scalar quantization, a simplified wavelet expansion tree structure is achieved. This leads to significant reduction in time of encoding without noticeable loss in the quality of reconstructed images.
A Linearization Technique for RF Receiver Front-End Using Second-Order-Intermodulation Injection

A linearization technique is proposed in which low-frequency second-order-intermodulation (IM2) is generated and injected to suppress the third-order intermodulation (IM3). The proposed linearization technique is applied to both a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a down-conversion mixer in an RF receiver front-end (RFE) working at 900 MHz. Fabricated in a 0.18 mum CMOS process and operated at 1.5 V supply with a total current of 13.1 mA, the RFE delivers 22 dB gain with 5.3 dB noise figure (NF). The linearization technique achieves around 20 dB IM3 suppression and improves the RFE's IIP3 from -10.4 dBm to 0.2 dBm without gain reduction and noise penalty while requiring only an extra current of 0.1 mA.
INTEGRATED REHABILITATION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: Development of treatment methods and presentation of some results

The embryo to our integrated treatment programme was "combination treatment in schizophrenia". This combination treatment included behavioural therapy, psychotropic drugs and dynamic psychotherapy. It was also integrated with work therapy and sociotherapy. A number of prospective and retrospective studies for the development work are exemplified. The method of development and method descriptions for above all the psychotherapeutic work are presented. During the years most of the patients have been treated either by D. Lindberg (psychologist) or U. Malm (physician) under the medical responsibility of the head of the department (S.J. Dencker, M.D.). The resulting "integrated treatment programme" is described. The treatment comprises depot neuroleptics in combination with psychosocial measures during a time of two years. During this period the contributions of a head therapist, usually a specially trained psychologist or physician, are coordinated. After a diagnostic phase, including international rating scales and special record keeping, comprising 1--2 weeks, a medical adjustment time and a contact establishing period follows for about 1 month. When the patient is able to stay in an open ward a three months integrated treatment programme in hospital is started. In hospital the patients are either offered group psychotherapy 4 times a week (the "country model") or once a week (the "big city model") in combination with depot neuroleptics and other planned psychosocial methods. Our experiences from a treatment with integrated treatment programme point at the fact that patients with some form of schizophrenic state can live in the society "with a good quality of life". Methods and evaluations of the continued rehabilitation measures are proceeded and like Hogarty et al. (1976) we are looking for new roads.
Multi-cell multi-user MIMO downlink with partial CSIT and decentralized design

The Interfering Broadcast Channel (IBC) applies to the downlink of multi-cell networks, which are limited by multiuser (MU) interference. The interference alignment (IA) concept has shown that interference does not need to be inevitable. In particular spatial IA in the MIMO IBC allows for low latency. However, IA requires perfect and typically global Channel State Information at the Transmitter(s) (CSIT), whose acquisition does not scale well with network size. Also, the design of transmitters (Txs) and receivers (Rxs) is coupled and hence needs to be centralized (cloud) or duplicated (distributed approach). CSIT, which is crucial in multi-user systems, is always imperfect in practice, especially for the intercell links. We consider mean and covariance Gaussian partial CSIT, and the special case of a (possibly location based) MIMO Ricean channel model. In this paper we focus on the optimization of beamformers for the expected weighted sum rate (EWSR) under per BS power constraints. We apply a perfect CSI technique, based on a difference of convex functions approach, to a number of deterministic approximations of the EWSR, involving the Massive MIMO (MaMIMO) limit (large number of transmit antennas), and the large MIMO limit (both large transmit and receive antenna numbers). We then focus on distributed techniques that exploit local CSIT, feedback of a limited number of scalars, and only one or few iterations.
The Upper Bound of Energy Efficiency for Virtual MIMO System with User Pairing

In this paper, we investigate the user pairing scheme in virtual multiple-input multiple-output (V- MIMO) systems, which can significantly improve system performance and spectral efficiency (SE) using multiuser diversity. Considering the development of green communication, we want to find the upper bound of energy efficiency (EE) under the constraint of SE. Firstly, the optimal transmit power allocation for the optimal EE under the constraint of SE is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem and a novel projective constraint analysis (PCA) is devised for it. Then, we reveal the maximum EE and the corresponding transmit power allocation in the global solution space. According to the location relationship between the maximum EE and the constraint of SE, we propose a spatial approach based on PCA to pursue the upper bound of EE with two different cases. Finally, a novel PCA-based user pairing scheme achieving the upper bound of EE under the constraint of SE is proposed. Numerical results illustrate the impact of different system parameters for the upper bound of EE and prove that the proposed PCA-based iteration algorithm has much lower complexity than the global search approach.
DNA repair gene polymorphisms at XRCC1, XRCC3, XPD, and OGG1 Loci in the hyderabad population of India.

BACKGROUND DNA repair is one of the crucial defense mechanism against mutagenic exposure. Inherited SNPs of DNA repair genes may contribute to variation in DNA repair capacity and susceptibility to cancer. Due to the presence of these variants, inter-individual and ethnic differences in DNA repair capacity have been established in various populations. India harbors enormous genetic and cultural diversity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study we aimed to determine the genotypes and allele frequencies of XRCC1 Arg399Gln (rs25487), XRCC3 Thr241Met (rs861539), XPD Lys751Gln (rs13181), and OGG1 Ser326Cys (rs1052133) gene polymorphisms in 186 healthy individuals residing in the Hyderabad region of India and to compare them with HapMap and other populations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The genotype and allele frequency distribution at the four DNA repair gene loci among Hyderabad population of India revealed a characteristic pattern. Comparison of these gene polymorphisms with other populations revealed a distinctiveness of Hyderabad population from the Deccan region of India. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such DNA repair gene polymorphisms in the Deccan Indian population.
A Longitudinal Examination of the Bidirectional Links Between Academic Achievement and Parent–Adolescent Conflict

We examined reciprocal associations between parent-adolescent conflict and academic achievement over a 2-year period. Participants were mothers, fathers, and adolescents from predominantly White, working and middle class families (N = 168). After accounting for previous academic achievement, parent—adolescent conflict predicted relative declines in academic achievement 2 years later. After controlling for relationship quality at Time 1, lower math grades predicted relative increases in parent-adolescent conflict 2 years later among families with less education.
Blockholder Disclosure Thresholds and Hedge Fund Activism

Abstract Blockholder disclosure thresholds shape incentives for hedge fund activism, which are jointly determined with real investment and managerial behavior. Uninformed investors value lower thresholds (greater transparency) when the cost of trading against an informed activist outweighs the benefits of the activist’s disciplining of management. Conversely, activists may desire disclosure thresholds if the threat of their participation discourages managerial malfeasance, which is their source of profits. Hedge fund activism can be excessive: If market opacity sufficiently harms uninformed investors, the costs of reduced real investment outweigh the social benefits from managerial disciplining, and society benefits from lower thresholds.
A Modified Epidemic Chain Binomial Model

Discrete epidemic models are applied to describe the physical phenomena of spreading infectious diseases in a household. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a modified epidemic chain model by assuming a beta distribution of third kind for the probability of being infected by contact with a given infective from the same household with closed population. This paper emphasizes mainly on developing the probabilities of all possible epidemic chains with one introductory case for three, four and five member household. The key phenomenon towards developing this paper is to provide an alternative model of chain binomial model.