Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The number of the genes in a functional category matters during rat liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy

Rat liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) is a good model to study the regulation of cell proliferation. We isolated hepatocytes from regenerating liver at different time points after PH and used microarray Rat Genome 230 2.0 chip to analyze the functional profiles of all up‐ or down‐regulated genes manually and with automatic gene ontological tools. We found that the transcript expressions of PH and sham operation group were apparently different. For PH group, in the priming phase (2–12 h), signaling, transcription, response to stimulus genes predominated in up‐regulated genes; in the proliferation phase (24–72 h), cell proliferation genes predominated; in the termination phase (120–168 h), differentiation and translation genes predominated; while metabolism genes predominated in the down‐regulated genes at all time points (2–168 h). These functional profiles are consistent with the cellular and molecular phenomenon observed during liver regeneration, and can be closely connected with the biological process. Moreover, the results indicated that not only the quantity of specific genes but also the number of the genes in the specific functional category was regulated during liver regeneration, which means the number of similar genes in a specific functional category matters as well as the regulation of the genes. The changes of the number of the regulated cell proliferation genes and metabolism genes during liver regeneration were similar to the expression patterns of some cell division genes and metabolism genes. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 3194–3205, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Competition for Andersen's Clients

We examine competition for Andersen's public clients during and after its failure in 2002. This setting provides a natural experiment to examine audit market dynamics at the local level. We construct a database documenting Big4 purchases of local Andersen offices. After exploring the factors associated with office purchases, we examine the impact of office purchases on public client market share gains and changes in audit fees. We find that three Big4 firms - Deloitte, Ernst & Young, and KPMG - purchased approximately 60% of Andersen's offices while PricewaterhouseCoopers did not purchase any. The probability that a firm purchased a specific office is greater in markets where the acquiring firm: 1) already had a presence, 2) had a lower ratio of local Andersen clients to the purchaser's clients, and 3) had already acquired relatively more local former Andersen public clients than other firms prior to the purchase. Our fee analysis expands the United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) post-Andersen audit market study by documenting that the former Andersen clients' change in audit fees is associated with the differences in client acquisition method.
Running head : FAIRNESS AND RESPECT IN GROUPS The Interplay between Fairness and the Experience of Respect : Implications for Group Life

Purpose. To present a new conceptual framework for understanding how perceptions of fairness shape the experience of respect in groups and its implications for individuals’ engagement in groups, their psychological well-being, and intergroup relations. Design/methodology/approach. Research on fairness perceptions and respect emerge from different theoretical traditions including theories of justice, social identity theory, and social context and health. We review this body of work and present the dual pathway model of respect, developed to integrate the different lines of research into a single testable framework. Research testing the model’s predictions is presented. Findings. The dual pathway model posits that concerns about respect follow from the need for social inclusion and for status attainment. Fair treatment from group peers and authorities communicates the extent to which these needs are satisfied, and as such, perceptions of being liked (indicative of inclusion) and of being judged worthy (indicative of status attainment) independently and differentially predict social engagement and psychological wellbeing. Originality/value. The dual pathway model provides a framework for integrating and extending existing research on the experience of respect in groups. The model highlights how the inclusion and status dimensions of respect differentially shape outcomes relevant to group functioning: social engagement and psychological well-being. Insights from the model address a broad array of challenges faced by organizations, including building commitment, managing diversity, and promoting health and well-being among its members.
Analysis of the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Nigeria

his study investigates the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Teconomic growth in Nigeria. Using a quarterly secondary time series data over the period 2009Q to 2016Q . The Autoregressive Distributed Lag 1 4 (ARDL) approach to Co-integration and Error Correction (ARDL-VECM) Model, developed by Pesaran, Shin and Smith (2001) is employed to empirically reassess the relationship. It also provides empirical illustration on the causal relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth using pair-wise Granger causality test. The results indicate a long-run relationship between FDI, economic growth, exchange rate, interest rate and inflation rate. Also, the study further reveals a negative impact between FDI, exchange rate, interest rate, and inflation rate on economic growth. Moreover, the coefficient of error correction model (ECM) suggests that the speed of adjustment in the estimated model had the expected level significance and negative sign. However, the Granger causality test result reveals unidirectional causality relationship running from FDI inflow to economic growth in Nigeria. This analysis included inflation rate, interest rate, exchange rate and FDI as independent variables, while economic growth as dependent variable. Major findings of this study included that FDI inflow has significant negative impact on economic growth in both short run and the long run. Results demonstrate that FDI, exchange rate, interest rate and inflation deter economic growth. As such, a major challenge before the policy managers therefore, is to attain a stable and realistic exchange rate, lower interest rate and moderate inflation rate that will encourage foreign investors to improve the economic growth in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that Nigerian policy makers should developed an enabling environment for ease of doing business to attract foreign direct investment inflow into the country.
Protein characterization and targeted disruption of Grg, a mouse gene related to the groucho transcript of the Drosophila enhancer of split complex

The Grg gene encodes a 197 amino acid protein homologous to the amino‐terminal domain of the product of the groucho gene of the Drosophila Enhancer of split complex. Analysis with a polyclonal antisera specific for the Grg protein revealed that Grg is a 25 kd nuclear protein that can participate in specific protein‐protein interactions. A null mutation of the Grg gene was constructed by gene targeting. Mice homozygous for this mutation completed embryogenesis and were born, but exhibited varying degrees of postnatal growth deficiency. No dosage‐sensitive genetic interaction was detected between the Notch1 and Grg genes in mice heterozygous for a Notch1 mutant allele and homozygous for the Grg null mutation. © 1995 wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcriptional mechanisms associated with seed dormancy and dormancy loss in the gibberellin-insensitive sly1-2 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana

While widespread transcriptome changes were previously observed with seed dormancy loss, this study specifically characterized transcriptional changes associated with the increased seed dormancy and dormancy loss of the gibberellin (GA) hormone-insensitive sleepy1-2 (sly1-2) mutant. The SLY1 gene encodes the F-box subunit of an SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase needed for GA-triggered proteolysis of DELLA repressors of seed germination. DELLA overaccumulation in sly1-2 seeds leads to increased dormancy that can be rescued without DELLA protein destruction either by overexpression of the GA receptor, GA-INSENSITIVE DWARF1b (GID1b-OE) (74% germination) or by extended dry after-ripening (11 months, 51% germination). After-ripening of sly1 resulted in different transcriptional changes in early versus late Phase II of germination that were consistent with the processes known to occur. Approximately half of the transcriptome changes with after-ripening appear to depend on SLY1-triggered DELLA proteolysis. Given that many of these SLY1/GA-dependent changes are genes involved in protein translation, it appears that GA signaling increases germination capacity in part by activating translation. While sly1-2 after-ripening was associated with transcript-level changes in 4594 genes over two imbibition timepoints, rescue of sly1-2 germination by GID1b-OE was associated with changes in only 23 genes. Thus, a big change in sly1-2 germination phenotype can occur with relatively little change in the global pattern of gene expression during the process of germination. Most GID1b-OE-responsive transcripts showed similar changes with after-ripening in early Phase II of imbibition, but opposite changes with after-ripening by late Phase II. This suggests that GID1b-OE stimulates germination early in imbibition, but may later trigger negative feedback regulation.
Current Cigarette Smoking and Its Predictors among School-Going Adolescents in East Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background In developing countries, tobacco smoking has its own contribution to the burden of noncommunicable causes of morbidity and mortality. Studies estimated the burden of cigarette smoking among school-going adolescents in different geographical areas of East Africa. However, due to discrepancies found among those different findings, there is no representative data about the burden of smoking in the continent. Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of current cigarette smoking and its associated factors among school-going adolescents in East Africa. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Web of Science Library were searched to access included articles. A weighted inverse-variance random-effects model was used to estimate the prevalence of current cigarette smoking. Variations in the pooled estimates of the prevalence were adjusted through subgroup analysis according to the specific country, where the study was conducted. Funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to check publication bias. STATA version 14 statistical software was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 26,875 school-going adolescents were included. The pooled prevalence of current cigarette smoking among school-going adolescents in East Africa was found to be 9.02% (95%CI: 6.34-11.70). Based on the subgroup analysis, current cigarette smoking among school-going adolescents was estimated at 9.8% in Kenya, 7.72% in Ethiopia, 10.83% in Uganda, 13.6% in Sudan, and 4% in Tanzania. Conclusions This meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence of current cigarette smoking is increasing among school-going adolescents in East Africa. Therefore, countries have to realize sale prevention policies, establishing and/or strengthening antismoking campaigners designed for school-going adolescents, and providing training for teachers to be antismoking campaigners.
Evaluating rewards in loyalty programmes – A novel approach to increase user retention

We study a novel loyalty program of a brick and mortar fast moving consumer goods retailer. Unlike most other loyalty programmes, it builds on immediate and delayed rewards. We study the impact of these reward mechanisms on customer retention using a logistic regression model. We observe that user retention is influenced by both the delayed and immediate reward form. Our results show that well designed rewards lead to significantly higher loyalty and user retention. We find evidence that reward activities applied during early stages of the customer relationship impact long-term retention. Our findings help retailers to design improved loyalty systems and provide guidance for implementing smarter and more efficient reward mechanisms that increase loyalty of customers.
CALLUS INDUCTION FROM 15 CARNATION ( DIANTHUS CARYOPHYLLUS L . ) CULTIVARS

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) were used to induce callus in 15 carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.; Caryophyllaceae) cultivars: Orange Sherbert, Avalanche, Magenta, La France, Stripe Red, Marie, Concerto PVP, Snap, Lucky Pierot, Cinnamon Tea, White Love, Siberia, Magesta, Spark Bruno, and Honono no Estejo. Seeds were initially sown on autoclaved moistened filter paper and internodes of surface-sterilized seedlings were used as explants. Most callus was induced in the presence of 0.5 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid used together with 1 mg/L 6-benzyladenine or 1 mg/L 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on basal Murashige and Skoog medium. Callus is not a desirable method to clonally propagate important germplasm but can serve as one possible way of deriving periclinal mutants as a result of somaclonal variation.
A morphosyntactic inductive bias in artificial language learning *

A learner’s job is to look at the data and find patterns. But in any given dataset, a large number of patterns can be found if the hypothesis space is not constrained. This is particularly true for language acquisition, where the learner has in principle infinitely many hypotheses to pursue, all of which match the data. Polar questions in English are formed by fronting the auxiliary before the subject: Is the man who is tall in the other room? When acquiring language, children seem to gradually acquire this rule, but they do not adopt other hypotheses (Crain & Nakayama 1987). For instance, they do not conclude that the sixth word of the sentence should be fronted, even though the auxiliary is starts off as the sixth word. The hypothesis space explored by the learner appears to be constrained in many parts of the grammar. It is therefore important to study which biases a human learner might bring with them when making generalizations over the data; not all patterns in the input are necessarily learned as such. This conclusion has been supported by studies of phonological systems in which spurious patterns are dispreferred or simply not learned. For example, Becker et al. (2011) showed that unnatural constraints are not learned as productive patterns. But probing deeper, it can be shown that while unnatural constraints can be learned in principle, natural ones are preferred by learners (Hayes et al. 2009, Hayes & White 2013). These studies all examined competing generalizations within the same domain (syntax or phonology). Yet generalizations from different domains can also compete with one another. Recent work has contrasted semantic with phonological cues in the acquisition of noun classes, aiming to tease apart which cues learners are more sensitive to. The Caucasian language Tsez has four noun classes which largely fall along semantic criteria—masculine human, feminine human, other animate and inanimate—although these criteria are not watertight. In their work on the language, Gagliardi & Lidz (2014) found that an additional
Rates of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolus After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Context: Venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease is thought to be an uncommon but serious problem after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Rates of VTE after ACL reconstruction are not well documented. Objective: To determine the rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and symptomatic pulmonary emboli (PE) after ACL reconstruction. Data Sources: Five publicly available databases (PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL Complete) were utilized. Study Selection: All studies that screened patients for DVT and reported rates of DVT and PE after ACL reconstruction were eligible for inclusion. Level 5 evidence, cadaver, biomechanical, and basic science studies; studies reporting only multiligament reconstruction outcomes; studies where rates of DVT and PE could not be separated out from patients undergoing other types of arthroscopic knee procedures; and classification studies were excluded. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: All study, subject, and surgical data were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria, with a mean Modified Colman Methodology Score of 30 ± 8.22. A total of 692 patients (488 men [70.5%]; mean age, 31.6 ± 2.82 years; mean follow-up, 7 ± 18.4 months) underwent ACL reconstruction using either semitendinosus-gracilis autograft (77.6%), bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) autograft (22%), or allograft (0.4%). No patient received postoperative pharmacological anticoagulation. Fifty-eight patients (8.4%) had a DVT (81% below knee and 19% above knee), while only 1 patient (0.2%) had a symptomatic PE. When reported, 27% of DVT episodes were symptomatic. Conclusion: The rate of DVT after ACL reconstruction in patients who did not receive postoperative pharmacological anticoagulation is 8.4%, while the rate of symptomatic PE is 0.2%. Of the DVT episodes that occurred, 73% were asymptomatic.
Up-Regulation of Iba-1 and GFAP in the Acidic Saline Model of Chronic Widespread Musculoskeletal Pain: A Pilot Study Examining the Relationship Between Gliosis and Hyperalgesia

Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain is a major cause of disability. Pro-inflammatory glial cell activity, also known as gliosis, has been associated with the development and maintenance of hyperalgesia within several forms of chronic pain, yet its role in the pathophysiology of chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain has not been clearly established. The aim of this study was to quantitatively compare the expression of glial cells in the acidic saline (AS) model of chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain with controls and determine whether a relationship exists between glial cell expression and pain response. Activation markers of astrocytes (GFAP) and microglia (Iba-1), detected via immunohistochemistry, were quantitatively analyzed in the lumbar spinal cord and thalamus ventrobasal complex. Hyperalgesia was determined using electronic algesiometer measurement of cutaneous mechanical withdrawal threshold. Five out of twenty-one (24%) AS animals developed bilateral hyperalgesia. The expression of Iba-1 and GFAP in the L5 and L6 spinal cord was found to be significantly increased in AS animals relative to controls, regardless of behavioural pain response (p<0.05). When sub-grouped according to pain response, only hyperalgesia responders showed increased lumbar Iba-1 expression (p<0.05 versus control). In contrast, both hyperalgesia responders and non-responders had increased lumbar GFAP expression (p<0.05 versus control). This study provides evidence of spinal cord gliosis in an animal model of chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain and suggests a positive correlation between lumbar microglia expression and hyperalgesia. This novel finding establishes a possible pathophysiological link between reactive gliosis and hyperalgesia in chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain disorders.
Design of an Area efficient BISR scheme For Multiple Memories

Hyderabad, India. The Proposed Built-in self-repair (BISR) scheme for multiple embedded memories to find optimum point of the performance of BISR for multiple embedded memories. All memories are concurrently tested by the small dedicated built-in self-test to figure out the faulty memories, the number of faults, and irreparability. After all memories are tested, only faulty memories are serially tested and repaired by the shared built-in redundancy analysis according to the sizes of memories in descending order. Thus, the fast test and repair are performed with low area overhead. To accomplish an optimal repair rate and a fast analysis speed, an exhaustive search for all combinations of spare rows and columns is proposed based on the optimized fault collection. In proposed BISR includes BIST and BIRA, The BIST is design by using of March X algorithm. By using this algorithm the delay and area is reduced. This proposed design is programmed using Verilog HDL using Xilinx ISE 14.7. The FPGA implementation is done on Spartan3E.
Solute Transport in Intervertebral Disc

Loss of nutrient supply to the human intervertebral disc (IVD) cells is thought to be a major cause of disc degeneration in humans. To address this issue, transport of molecules of different size have been analyzed by a combination of experimental and modeling studies. Solute transport has been compared for steady‐state and transient diffusion of several different solutes with molecular masses in the range 3–70 kDa, injected into parts of the disc where degeneration is thought most likely to occur first and into the blood supply to the disc. Diffusion coefficients of fluorescently tagged dextran molecules of different molecular weights have been measured in vitro using the concentration gradient technique in thin specimens of disc outer annulus and nucleus pulposus. Diffusion coefficients were found to decrease with molecular weight following a nonlinear relationship. Diffusion coefficients changed more rapidly for solutes with molecular masses less than 10 kDa. Although unrealistic or painful, solutes injected directly into the disc achieve the largest disc coverage with concentrations that would be high enough to be of practical use. Although more practical, solutes injected into the blood supply do not penetrate to the central regions of the disc and their concentrations dissipate more rapidly. Injection into the disc would be the best method to get drugs or growth factors to regions of degeneration in IVDs quickly; else concentrations of solute must be kept at a high value for several hours in the blood supply to the discs.
What Facilitates Client Motivation for Change ? A critical look at self-determined behavior change

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a client-centered, directive approach for behavior change. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is a theory of human motivation and self-determined growth. Both of these social-cognitive theories aim to explain motivation and health behavior change and have generated a lot of research on how to increase human motivation. However, MI lacks a definite theory on mechanisms of behavior change and SDT offers a theory of motivation based on extensive research on human interactions. This paper aims to critically look at facilitators of client motivation for behavior change in-session from a social-cognitive perspective on one hand, and neural correlates related to client behavior change on the other hand. MI and SDT somewhat similarly explain what most importantly determines client motivation for change in-session. However, SDT mainly focus on psychological needs such as fostering client autonomy, and MI focus on the therapeutic alliance and on generating client change talk in-session. Efforts to bridge the two methods aim at generating a clearer definition of motivation in MI, and a better framework of practice in SDT. Studies on neural correlates of behavior change support and challenge elements of both approaches, indicating the importance of autonomy and relatedness for motivating positive behavior change.