Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cortical axon trajectories and growth cone morphologies in fetuses of acallosal mouse strains

Hereditary absence of the corpus callosum (CC) provides an ideal experiment of nature for exploring mechanisms of axon guidance. In this study the prenatal development of CC axons in the acallosal mouse strains BALB/cWah1 and 129/ReJ or J was compared with normal hybrid mice by using the lipophilic dyes Dil and DiA. A few l/LnJ mice were also examined. The time of emergence and growth rate of CC axons from four cortical regions (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital) were normal in acallosai strains. Their CC axons arrived at midplane on schedule but then often looped back to form the longitudinal Probst bundle. The frequency of formation of the Probst bundle was highest for axons from frontal cortex, which arrived at midplane first, and lowest for occipital axons, which arrived last. Once a few CC axons found a path to the other side via the hippocampal commissure, those that arrived later then crossed relatively normally. Some axons from the Probst bundle also managed to traverse midine in this manner. When no CC axons crossed, almost all of them entered the Probst bundle and eventually left it within a few hours to proceed in the ipsilateralwhite matter, never turning back toward midplane. Growth cones approaching midplane ipsilaterally and those that had crossed midline and entered contralateral white matter, as well as CC axons in the Probst bundle, expressed a normal range of size and complexity. These results demonstrate that the problem with callosal agenesis resides not in the cells of origin or the axons or growth cones themselves but in the Substrates of axon guidance at the midsagittal plane. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distributed under Creative Commons Cc-by 4.0 the Large-scale Blast Score Ratio (ls-bsr) Pipeline: a Method to Rapidly Compare Genetic Content between Bacterial Genomes

Background. As whole genome sequence data from bacterial isolates becomes cheaper to generate, computational methods are needed to correlate sequence data with biological observations. Here we present the large-scale BLAST score ratio (LS-BSR) pipeline, which rapidly compares the genetic content of hundreds to thousands of bacterial genomes, and returns a matrix that describes the relatedness of all coding sequences (CDSs) in all genomes surveyed. This matrix can be easily parsed in order to identify genetic relationships between bacterial genomes. Although pipelines have been published that group peptides by sequence similarity, no other software performs the rapid, large-scale, full-genome comparative analyses carried out by LS-BSR. Results. To demonstrate the utility of the method, the LS-BSR pipeline was tested on 96 Escherichia coli and Shigella genomes; the pipeline ran in 163 min using 16 processors , which is a greater than 7-fold speedup compared to using a single processor. The BSR values for each CDS, which indicate a relative level of relatedness, were then mapped to each genome on an independent core genome single nucleotide poly-morphism (SNP) based phylogeny. Comparisons were then used to identify clade specific CDS markers and validate the LS-BSR pipeline based on molecular markers that delineate between classical E. coli pathogenic variant (pathovar) designations. Scalability tests demonstrated that the LS-BSR pipeline can process 1,000 E. coli genomes in 27–57 h, depending upon the alignment method, using 16 processors. Conclusions. LS-BSR is an open-source, parallel implementation of the BSR algorithm , enabling rapid comparison of the genetic content of large numbers of genomes. The results of the pipeline can be used to identify specific markers between user-defined phylogenetic groups, and to identify the loss and/or acquisition of genetic information between bacterial isolates. Taxa-specific genetic markers can then be translated into clinical diagnostics, or can be used to identify broadly conserved putative therapeutic candidates.
Cross-layer design of AMC and truncated HARQ using dynamic switching thresholds

In this paper, we develop a cross-layer design incorporating adaptive modulation coding (AMC) and truncated hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). We define different packet error rate (PER) constraints for each (re)transmission, thus adopting dynamic switching thresholds correspondingly to fully exploit the combining gain in HARQ protocols. Analytical expressions for performance metrics are derived, based on which both multidimensional and simplified single-dimensional optimization problems are proposed to maximize the average spectral efficiency. Numerical results are obtained for analysis and our design has shown considerable performance improvement compared with conventional switching thresholds. Moreover, the single-dimensional optimization approach implies a suitable tradeoff between throughput and complexity.
Stochastic Modeling and Simulation of Traffic Flow: Asymmetric Single Exclusion Process with Arrhenius look-ahead dynamics

A novel traffic flow model based on stochastic microscopic dynamics is introduced and analyzed. Vehicles advance based on the energy profile of their surrounding traffic implementing the "look-ahead" rule and following an underlying asymmetric exclusion process with Arrhenius spin-exchange dynamics. Monte Carlo simulations produce numerical solutions of the microscopic traffic model. Fluctuations play an important role in profiling observationally documented but, at the simulation level, elusive traffic phenomena. Furthermore, based on scaling and limit arguments we obtain a macroscopic description of this microscopic dynamics formulation which up to leading term of the expansions takes the form of integrodifferential Burgers or higher-order dispersive partial differential equations. We outline connections and comparisons of the hierarchical models presented here (microscopic, macroscopic) with other well-known traffic flow models.
Improved coefficient based test for diagnosing parametric faults of analog circuits

In this paper an algorithm to identify parametric faults occurring in analog circuits using Transfer Function Coefficients (TFCs) is proposed. From the circuit description and component tolerance specifications, the tolerance boxes of all TFCs are pre computed for fault free circuit and faulty circuit with all possible single faults. For each fault ID a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is constructed based on the tolerance boxes of these TFCs. During the test, the actual TFCs are obtained and using the FIS the faulty element is identified. Reliability of the proposed method is verified through a benchmark circuit.
VanetMobiSim: generating realistic mobility patterns for VANETs

In this paper, we present and describe VanetMobiSim, a generator of realistic vehicular movement traces for telecommunication networks simulators. VanetMobiSim mobility description is validated by illustrating how the interaction between featured macro- and micro-mobility is able to reproduce typical phenomena of vehicular traffic.
[μ-Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane-1:2κ2 P:P′]nonacarbonyl-1κ3 C,2κ3 C,3κ3 C-(triphenylstibine-3κSb)-triangulo-triruthenium(0)

The asymmetric unit of the title triangulo-triruthenium compound, [Ru3(C26H24P2)(C18H15Sb)(CO)9], consists of two crystallographically independent molecules, A and B. The bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane ligand bridges an Ru—Ru bond and the monodentate stibine ligand bonds to the third Ru atom. Both the stibine and phosphine ligands are equatorial with respect to the Ru3 triangle. Additionally, each Ru atom carries one equatorial and two axial terminal carbonyl ligands. The three stibine-substituted benzene rings make dihedral angles of 38.7 (3), 71.5 (3) and 70.0 (3)° with each other in molecule A whereas these angles are 83.9 (3), 88.2 (3) and 56.8 (3)° in molecule B. Similarly, the dihedral angles between the two benzene rings are 80.7 (3) and 87.6 (3)° for the two diphenylphosphanyl groups in molecule A and 84.0 (3) and 72.6 (4)° in molecule B. In the crystal, molecules are linked into tetramers via intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Weak intermolecular C—H⋯π interactions further stabilize the crystal structure.
Effect of Pipe Flattening in API X65 Linepipe Steels Having Bainite vs. Ferrite/Pearlite Microstructures

The influence of microstructure on pipe flattening response was assessed using two different commercially produced U-ing, O-ing, and expansion (UOE) pipes from API X65 steels having either a bainitic microstructure (steel B) or a ferrite/pearlite microstructure (steel FP). A four-point bending apparatus and distinctive procedure were used to minimize strain localization during flattening. The flattened specimens were sectioned at different positions through the thickness, and tensile tested in both the longitudinal (LD) and transverse directions (TD) to assess the through-thickness variation in properties. Yield strength (YS) distributions in the LD show V-shaped profiles through thickness in both steels, whereas the YS in the TD nearest the outside diameter (OD) surface is reduced. These variations in YS are due to the Bauschinger effect associated with the compressive flattening pre-strain. The uniform elongation (UE) of steel FP is almost independent of specimen position through the thickness, but for steel B there is a substantial reduction of the UE at both the inside and outside diameter positions and this reduction is greater in the LD. This work confirms that flattened pipe mechanical properties exhibit an important dependence on their microstructure type and it is postulated that the flattening procedure also influences the mechanical properties.
Detecting and Rendering Silhouette in a Point Data Set

A point data set is a set of independent point samples that are typically acquired from a 3D scanning process. We are interested in detecting and rendering silhouettes in such data set, for the purpose of Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR). Traditionally, work on silhouette extraction and rendering tends to assume a polygonal mesh input, where connectivity information is available and the formation of silhouettes involves tracking of edges. A point data set, however, does not contain connectivity information. In a previous paper [38], we presented the first hybrid image/object-space method to directly detect and render silhouettes for point data set. In this paper, we describe the essence of the method in more detail, emphasizing on the mathematics applied. We describe as well a simple variant of the method to detect silhouette points using ray casting instead of point splatting. This variant is useful in the absence of dedicated graphics hardware.
Automatic thesaurus extraction for Icelandic

Thesauri are becoming a common resource used in various Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval related tasks. Methods for automatic extraction of thesauri have just recently begun performing well enough for practical use. A method to automatically extract a thesaurus for Icelandic from a tagged and parsed corpus was implemented and evaluated. The method is based on extracting relational trigrams from the corpus and performing statistical analysis on them. As resources in the field of NLP are very limited for Icelandic, the effect of a small corpus on the final outcome is also examined. The results indicate that this method works well for Icelandic, but is highly dependent on the quality of its input. A by-product of this work is an evaluation of the CST lemmatiser.
A Non-Disjoint Group Shuffled Decoding for LDPC Codes

To reduce the implementation complexity of a belief propagation (BP) based low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder, shuffled BP decoding schedules, which serialize the decoding process by dividing a complete parallel message-passing iteration into a sequence of sub-iterations, have been proposed. The so-called group horizontal shuffled BP algorithm partitions the check nodes of the code graph into groups to perform group-by-group message-passing decoding. This paper proposes a new grouping technique to accelerate the message-passing rate. Performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed by a Gaussian approximation approach. Both analysis and numerical experiments verify that the new algorithm does yield a convergence rate faster than that of existing conventional or group shuffled BP decoder with the same computing complexity constraint.
Electrocardiographic PR Interval and Adverse Outcomes in Older Adults: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study

Background—The electrocardiographic PR interval increases with aging, differs by race, and is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), pacemaker implantation, and all-cause mortality. We sought to determine the associations between PR interval and heart failure, AF, and mortality in a biracial cohort of older adults. Methods and Results—The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study is a prospective, biracial cohort. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to examine PR interval (hazard ratios expressed per SD increase) and 10-year risks of heart failure, AF, and all-cause mortality. Multivariable models included demographic, anthropometric, and clinical variables in addition to established cardiovascular risk factors. We examined 2722 Health ABC participants (aged 74±3 years, 51.9% women, and 41% black). We did not identify significant effect modification by race for the outcomes studied. After multivariable adjustment, every SD increase (29 ms) in PR interval was associated with a 13% greater 10-year risk of heart failure (95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.25) and a 13% increased risk of incident AF (95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.23). PR interval >200 ms was associated with a 46% increased risk of incident heart failure (95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.93). PR interval was not associated with increased all-cause mortality. Conclusions—We identified significant relationships of PR interval to heart failure and AF in older adults. Our findings extend prior investigations by examining PR interval and associations with adverse outcomes in a biracial cohort of older men and women.
Subsystem and System-level Implications of PCM

Robert Haas, Xiao-Yu Hu, Ioannis Koltsidas, Roman A. Pletka IBM Research – Zurich, 8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland, {rha,xhu,iko,rap}@zurich.ibm. com ABSTRACT Emerging data-centric workloads necessitate systems with highly scalable storage components, not only in terms of capacity, but also in terms of performance and energy efficiency. These requirements, in combination with advances in Storage Class Memory (SCM) technologies, will drive the departure from traditional memory and storage architectures. The focus of this paper is on systems that employ Phase-Change Memory (PCM) to either complement or replace traditional media such, as HDDs, protected DRAM, and Flash. We study possible uses of PCM across the entire stack, and present an analysis of the implications this has for the various components, such as the main memory subsystem, storage subsystems, operating systems, filesystems and databases, as well as of its impact on the overall system architectures. Key problems introduced by the new medium are identified and solutions are outlined, which, we believe, will be very valuable for the designers of next-generation data-centric systems and applications.
Hypoactive Labyrinths and Motor Development

This study examines the relation of hypoac tive labyrinths to the achievement of motor milestones such as sitting and walking. Two children with genetic sensorineural hearing losses with vestibular dysfunction who walked very late did not show any evidence to suggest a diffuse neurologic cause for this delay at follow-up examinations. A review of electronys tagmographic (ENG) vestibular tests of 353 children under age ten years discovered 17 children who had been tested twice or more. There was disagreement between the two tests in four (24%), suggesting less than adequate relia bility of ENG test results in infants and chil dren. Forty-nine children had hypoactive labyrinths. The records of 22 of these were suitable for surveying the relation of the vestibu lar dysfunction to age at walking. Ten of the 22 children walked at 18 months or later, indicating that some, but not all children with vestibular dysfunction will be late walkers. Some of the children who walked at a normal age were described as having "weak necks" or "floppy heads," and some sat late. Accordingly, counsel ing of parents of deaf children who walk late should be delayed until vestibular testing has been carried out to avoid false diagnoses of associated brain damage or mental retardation. It is urged that all deaf children undergo vestibular testing, and that those with abnormal tests be retested to make certain of the results. Procedures to test vestibular function in infants and children need to be standardized, as shown by personal observations and a survey of the pertinent literature.
Event order abstraction for parametric real-time system verification

We present a new abstraction technique, event order abstraction} (EOA), for parametric safety verification of real-time systems in which "correct orderings of events" needed for system correctness are maintained by timing constraints on the systems' behavior. By using EOA, one can separate the task of verifying a real-time system into two parts: 1. Safety property verification of the system given that only correct event orderings occur; and 2. Derivation of timing parameter constraints for correct orderings of events in the system. The user first identifies a candidate set of bad event orders. Then, by using ordinary untimed model-checking, the user examines whether a discretized system model in which all timing constraints are abstracted away satisfies a desirable safety property under the assumption that the identified bad event orders occur in no system execution. The user uses counterexamples obtained from the model-checker to identify additional bad event orders, and repeats the process until the model-checking succeeds. In this step, the user obtains a sufficient set of bad event orders that must be excluded by timing synthesis for system correctness. Next, the algorithm presented in the paper automatically derives a set of timing parameter constraints under which the system does not exhibit the identified bad event orderings. From this step combined with the untimed model-checking step, the user obtains a sufficient set of timing parameter constraints under which the system executes correctly with respect to a given safety property. We illustrate the use of EOA with a train-gate example inspired by the general railroad crossing problem [13]. We also summarize three other case studies, a biphase mark protocol, the IEEE 1394 root contention protocol, and the Fischer mutual exclusion algorithm.
Texture segmentation using different orientations of GLCM features

This paper describes the development of a new texture based segmentation algorithm which uses a set of features extracted from Grey-Level Co-occurrence Matrices. The proposed method segments different textures based on noise reduced features which are effective texture descriptor. Each of the features is processed including normalisation and noise removal. Principal Component Analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality of the resulting feature space. Gaussian Mixture Modelling is used for the subsequent segmentation and false positive regions are removed using morphology. The evaluation includes a wide range of textures (more than 80 Brodatz textures) and in comparison (both qualitative and quantitative) with state of the art techniques very good segmentation results have been obtained.
Hymenobacter kanuolensis sp. nov., a novel radiation-resistant bacterium.

A Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, red-pigmented, radiation-resistant, aerobic bacterium designated T-3(T) was isolated from a soil sample from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Tibet, China, after exposure to 10 kGy gamma radiation. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences indicated that this isolate represented a novel member of the genus Hymenobacter. Sequence identities of the 16S rRNA gene of strain T-3(T) with the type strains of species of the genus Hymenobacter with validly published names range from 89% to 97%, and the most closely related species is Hymenobacter psychrotolerans Tibet-IIU11(T) (97%). The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain T-3(T) and H. psychrotolerans is 59.10%. The major fatty acids of strain T-3(T) were iso-C(15 : 0) (27.66%), summed feature 4 (iso-C(17 : 1)I and/or anteiso-C(17 : 1)B, 15.84%), anteiso-C(15 : 0) (14.08%) and summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or C(16 : 1)ω6c, 12.38%). The major menaquinone of strain T-3(T) was MK-7. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was predominant in the polar lipid profile. The G+C content of the DNA of strain T-3(T) was 69.17 mol%. On the basis of the results of the polyphasic characterization presented in this study, it is concluded that strain T-3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter kanuolensis is proposed. The type strain is T-3(T) ( = ACCC 05760(T) = KCTC 32407(T)).
Combined analysis of grey matter voxel-based morphometry and white matter tract-based spatial statistics in late-life bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in young patients with bipolar disorder indicated the presence of grey matter concentration changes as well as microstructural alterations in white matter in various neocortical areas and the corpus callosum. Whether these structural changes are also present in elderly patients with bipolar disorder with long-lasting clinical evolution remains unclear. METHODS We performed a prospective MRI study of consecutive elderly, euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and healthy, elderly controls. We conducted a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis and a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis to assess fractional anisotropy and longitudinal, radial and mean diffusivity derived by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). RESULTS We included 19 patients with bipolar disorder and 47 controls in our study. Fractional anisotropy was the most sensitive DTI marker and decreased significantly in the ventral part of the corpus callosum in patients with bipolar disorder. Longitudinal, radial and mean diffusivity showed no significant between-group differences. Grey matter concentration was reduced in patients with bipolar disorder in the right anterior insula, head of the caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, ventral putamen and frontal orbital cortex. Conversely, there was no grey matter concentration or fractional anisotropy increase in any brain region in patients with bipolar disorder compared with controls. LIMITATIONS The major limitation of our study is the small number of patients with bipolar disorder. CONCLUSION Our data document the concomitant presence of grey matter concentration decreases in the anterior limbic areas and the reduced fibre tract coherence in the corpus callosum of elderly patients with long-lasting bipolar disorder.