Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of epoxy and rubber addition on die attach films (DAFs) materials properties

The trend for package miniaturization brings new packaging techniques such as 3-D stacking including stacking dies, packages, or modules. In 3-D stacking, die stacking method is widely used compared with package or module stacking methods. Die stacking is usually performed using wire bonding, solder bump, or through silicon via(TSV). Among these methods, wire bonding with die attach films (DAFs) has been widely used because of lower cost and easier process than TSV. DAFs are polymer adhesives used for stacking dies. In this study, the properties of DAFs have been investigated by modifying material formulation such as multi-functional epoxy and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). Thermo-mechanical properties such as CTE, modulus, and Tg of DAFs and the die shear strength at high temperature were improved as the multifunctional epoxy content increased. In case of rubber addition, thermo-mechanical properties such as CTE, modulus, and Tg of DAFs were deteriorated as the rubber content increased, while moisture absorption decreased as the rubber content increased. Consequently, effects of epoxy and rubber addition on the materials properties of DAFs were fundamentally studied. These results can be used to optimize the DAFs for 3-D stacking dies.
How Perception Guides Action: Figure-Ground Segmentation Modulates Integration of Context Features into S-R Episodes

Perception and action are closely related. Responses are assumed to be represented in terms of their perceptual effects, allowing direct links between action and perception. In this regard, the integration of features of stimuli (S) and responses (R) into S-R bindings is a key mechanism for action control. Previous research focused on the integration of object features with response features while neglecting the context in which an object is perceived. In 3 experiments, we analyzed whether contextual features can also become integrated into S-R episodes. The data showed that a fundamental principle of visual perception, figure-ground segmentation, modulates the binding of contextual features. Only features belonging to the figure region of a context but not features forming the background were integrated with responses into S-R episodes, retrieval of which later on had an impact upon behavior. Our findings suggest that perception guides the selection of context features for integration with responses into S-R episodes. Results of our study have wide-ranging implications for an understanding of context effects in learning and behavior.
Distinct Actions by Paenibacillus sp. Strain E18 α-l-Arabinofuranosidases and Xylanase in Xylan Degradation

ABSTRACT We cloned a Paenibacillus sp. strain E18 5.3-kb xylanolytic gene cluster that contains three open reading frames encoding two family 43 α-l-arabinofuranosidases (Abf43A and Abf43B) and one family 10 xylanase (XynBE18). The deduced amino acid sequences of Abf43A and Abf43B were at most 68% and 63% identical to those of two putative family 43 proteins from Clostridium sp. strain DL-VIII (EHI98634.1 and EHI98635.1), respectively, but were only 11% identical to each other. Recombinant Abf43A and Abf43B had similar activities at 45ï¿½C and pH 6.0 but varied in thermostabilities and substrate specificities. Abf43B was active against only 4-nitrophenyl α-l-arabinofuranoside, whereas Abf43A acted on 4-nitrophenyl α-l-arabinofuranoside, wheat arabinoxylan, 4-nitrophenyl α-d-xylopyranoside, and sugar beet arabinan. The sequential and combined effects on xylan degradation by XynBE18, Abf43A, and Abf43B were characterized. For beechwood, birchwood, and oat spelt xylans as the substrates, synergistic effects were found when XynBE18 and Abf43A or Abf43B were incubated together and when the substrates were first incubated with Abf43A or Abf43B and then with XynBE18. Further high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the amounts of xylobiose and xylose increased sharply in the aforementioned reactions. For water-soluble wheat arabinoxylan as the substrate, Abf43A not only released arabinose but also had a synergistic effect with XynBE18. Synergy may arise as the result of removal of arabinose residues from xylans by α-l-arabinofuranosidases, which eliminates steric hindrance caused by the arabinose side chains and which allows xylanases to then degrade the xylan backbone, producing short xylooligosaccharides.
Evidence for Replicative Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Leading to Oncogenic Translocation and Gene Amplification

Nonreciprocal translocations and gene amplifications are commonly found in human tumors. Although little is known about the mechanisms leading to such aberrations, tissue culture models predict that they can arise from DNA breakage, followed by cycles of chromatid fusion, asymmetric mitotic breakage, and replication. Mice deficient in both a nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair protein and the p53 tumor suppressor develop lymphomas at an early age harboring amplification of an IgH/c-myc fusion. Here we report that these chromosomal rearrangements are initiated by a recombination activating gene (RAG)-induced DNA cleavage. Subsequent DNA repair events juxtaposing IgH and c-myc are mediated by a break-induced replication pathway. Cycles of breakage-fusion-bridge result in amplification of IgH/c-myc while chromosome stabilization occurs through telomere capture. Thus, mice deficient in NHEJ provide excellent models to study the etiology of unbalanced translocations and amplification events during tumorigenesis.
Dynamics of ferroelectric nanodomains in BaTiO3 epitaxial thin films via piezoresponse force microscopy

Ferroelectric nanodomains were created in BaTiO3 thin films by applying a voltage to a sharp conducting tip of a scanning force microscope (SFM). The films were epitaxially grown on SrRuO3-covered (001)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates by a high-pressure sputtering. They appeared to be single-crystalline with the (001) crystallographic orientation relative to the substrate. Using the piezoresponse mode of the SFM to detect the out-of-plane film polarization, the domain sizes were measured as a function of the applied writing voltage and the pulse time. It was found that the time dependence of the domain diameter in a 60 nm thick BaTiO3 film deviates significantly from the logarithmic law observed earlier in Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (PZT) films. At a given writing time, the domain size increases nonlinearly with increasing applied voltage, in contrast to the linear behavior reported earlier for PZT films and LiNbO3 single crystals. The dynamics of domain growth is analyzed theoretically taking into account the strong inhomogeneity of the external electric field in the film and the influence of the bottom electrode. It is shown that the observed writing time and voltage dependences of the domain size can be explained by the domain-wall creep in the presence of random-bond disorder.
Double-duty caregivers: healthcare professionals juggling employment and informal caregiving. A survey on personal health and work experiences.

AIMS This study compared the work-related experiences and personal health status of double-duty caregivers with those of caregivers who do not provide informal care to a family member or close friend in need. BACKGROUND The interest in providing informal care alongside employment is growing. However, little attention has been paid to the dual role of the healthcare professional who also has caregiving responsibilities for a needy person in his/her private situation. It is important to study the negative and positive consequences of this combination of professional and family care giving. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS In 2011, we distributed a digital questionnaire to employees with a professional care function working at a healthcare organization in the Netherlands. Descriptive statistics, analyses of covariance and tests of linearity were performed. RESULTS Analyses of variance demonstrated that as professional healthcare workers provide more hours of informal care in their private lives, their mental and physical health significantly worsens, while their need for recovery increases. Also, statistical significant increases were seen for emotional exhaustion, presenteeism and negative experiences with Work-Home and Home-Work Interferences. Remarkably, positive Home-Work Interference increased significantly with increasing hours of informal care. Double-duty caregivers appeared to be equally motivated and satisfied with their work as their co-workers. No differences were seen with respect to absenteeism. CONCLUSION Double-duty caregivers prove to be employees who are at risk of developing symptoms of overload. This finding calls for special attention, with long-term solutions at both legislative and organizational level.
Investment Generator in Dynamic Financial Analysis

CAPM is used in DFA for equity asset pricing.But CAPM does not suit our capital market.This paper takes FF three-factor model instead of CAPM.So lots of historic datas are used to estimate the parameters in FF three-factor model.Then the model's abilities of explanation are evaluated in this paper.At the end,FF three-factor model and CAPM are compared on the DynaMo 3.0. The conclusion is FF three-factor model is more steady and more accurate than CAPM.A model of investment generator which is suit for China has been set up.
Electromagnetic performance of partitioned stator switched flux permanent magnet synchronous generator

This paper presents a partitioned stator (PS) switched flux permanent magnet (PS-SFPM) synchronous generator (PS-SFPM-SG) and its electromagnetic characteristics under different load conditions. The adopted PS structure enables the PS-SFPM-SG to achieve higher power and torque density due to enlarged slot space for the armature windings by moving PMs to an inner stator. Hence, the space conflict between armature windings and PMs in conventional SFPM machines is avoided. The electromagnetic characteristics of the PS-SFPM-SG under different isolated external circuit loads, which include resistance, resistance-capacitor (RC), resistance-inductance (RL) and diode rectifier loads, are predicted by 2-dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) analysis and validated experimentally, together with analytically predicted performance and the field-circuit-coupled FE analysis.
Identification of Members of the Metabolically Active Microbial Populations Associated with Beggiatoa Species Mat Communities from Gulf of Mexico Cold-Seep Sediments

ABSTRACT In this study, the composition of the metabolically active fraction of the microbial community occurring in Gulf of Mexico marine sediments (water depth, 550 to 575 m) with overlying filamentous bacterial mats was determined. The mats were mainly composed of either orange- or white-pigmented Beggiatoa spp. Complementary 16S ribosomal DNA (crDNA) was obtained from rRNA extracted from three different sediment depths (0 to 2, 6 to 8, and 10 to 12 cm) that had been subjected to reverse transcription-PCR amplification. Domain-specific 16S PCR primers were used to construct 12 different 16S crDNA libraries containing 333 Archaea and 329 Bacteria clones. Analysis of the Archaea clones indicated that all sediment depths associated with overlying orange- and white-pigmented microbial mats were almost exclusively dominated by ANME-2 (95% of total Archaea clones), a lineage related to the methanogenic order Methanosarcinales. In contrast, bacterial diversity was considerably higher, with the dominant phylotype varying by sediment depth. An equivalent number of clones detected at 0 to 2 cm, representing a total of 93%, were related to the γ and δ classes of Proteobacteria, whereas clones related to δ-Proteobacteria dominated the metabolically active fraction of the bacterial community occurring at 6 to 8 cm (79%) and 10 to 12 cm (85%). This is the first phylogenetics-based evaluation of the presumptive metabolically active fraction of the Bacteria and Archaea community structure investigated along a sediment depth profile in the northern Gulf of Mexico, a hydrocarbon-rich cold-seep region.
Therapeutic effects of conditioned medium from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic lung disease. The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad3 signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been shown to be a modulator of the molecular aspects of the fibrosis pathway. However, it is still unknown as to whether the conditioned medium from BMSCs (BMSCs-CM) inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. This study confirmed the hypothesis that BMSCs-CM exerts an anti-fibrotic effect on human type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549) by suppressing the phosphorylation of Smad3. We used the A549 cells in vitro to detect morphological evidence of EMT by phase-contrast microscopy. These cells were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: the control group, the TGF-β1 group, the SIS3 (specific inhibitor of Smad3) group and the BMSCs-CM group. The immunofluorescence method was used to determined the location of E-cadherin (E-calcium mucins; E-cad), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and p-Smad3. The expression levels of E-cad, CK8, α-SMA, vimentin, p-Smad3, Snail1, collagen I (COLI) and collagen III (COLIII) were detected by western blot analysis. Following exposure to TGF-β1, the A549 cells displayed a spindle-shaped fibroblast-like morphology. In accordance with these morphological changes, the expression levels of E-cad and CK8 were downregulated, while the expression levels of α-SMA and vimentin were upregulated. Along with this process, the expression levels of p-Smad3, Snail1, COLI and COLIII were increased. However, the cells in the BMSCs-CM group and SIS3 group exhibited a decrease in the levels of α-SMA and vimentin (which had been upregulated by TGF-β1), and an increase in the levels of E-cad and CK8 expression (which had been downregulated by TGF-β1). On the whole, these results indicated that BMSCs-CM suppressed the EMT which might be associated with TGF-β1/Smad3. This study provides the theoretical basis for the research of the mechanisms responsible for pulmonary disease.
Polarized apical distribution of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in a renal epithelial cell line.

Polarized epithelial cell monolayers contain two distinct plasma membrane domains as delineated by the presence of tight junctions--i.e., an apical surface that faces the external environment and a basolateral surface that functions both in cell-cell contact and cell-substrate attachment. Central to the understanding of epithelial cell polarity is the question of how such cell-surface specializations are generated. A different class of membrane glycoproteins has recently emerged that may yield new insight into the mechanism underlying the biogenesis of this polarity. Members of this class contain a large extracellular protein domain linked to the membrane via glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol. Using a polarized renal epithelial cell line (Madin-Darby canine kidney), we identified endogenous glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins through release by a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. Six glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins of 110, 85, 70, 55, 38, and 35 kDa were identified and appeared to be restricted to the apical surface. Our data are consistent with the notion that the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor may contain the necessary information for "targeting" to the apical surface.
Are social mechanisms usable and useful in evaluation research?

This article reflects on the potential contribution of a social mechanism approach to evaluation research, based on the empirical analysis of three evaluations of European policies. A methodological framework for carrying out evaluation based on this approach is put forward that help identify questions to be answered and steps in a working method to be followed. More specifically, the approach focuses on particular types of mechanism: those that stimulate enduring changes in actors’ behaviour. Hence the label ‘social mechanism’. The underlying hypothesis is that some institutional settings can orientate actors’ reasoning in a way conducive to the attainment of policy goals. Moreover, it is assumed that a closer exploration of the workings of mechanisms as part of an evaluation process is useful for both learning and policy design. The article provides examples of evaluations where the proposed approach has been applied.
Posttraumatic stress disorder among female Vietnam veterans: a causal model of etiology.

OBJECTIVES The Vietnam and Persian Gulf wars have awakened people to the realization that military service can be traumatizing for women as well as men. This study investigated the etiological roles of both war and sexual trauma in the development of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder among female Vietnam veterans. METHODS Data from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study for 396 Vietnam theater women and 250 Vietnam era women were analyzed with structural equation modeling. RESULTS An etiological model with highly satisfactory fit and parsimony was developed. Exposure to war trauma contributed to the probability of posttraumatic stress disorder in theater women, as did sexual trauma in both theater and era women. Lack of social support at the time of homecoming acted as a powerful mediator of trauma for both groups of women. CONCLUSIONS Within the constraints and assumptions of causal modeling, there is evidence that both war trauma and sexual trauma are powerful contributors to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder among female Vietnam veterans.
Patterns of dietary fluoride supplement use during infancy.

OBJECTIVES This paper reports on patterns of dietary fluoride supplement use during infancy. METHODS Data were collected by mail for a birth cohort (n = 1,072) studied at 6 weeks and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. RESULTS Percentages using supplements were 13.7 at 6 weeks, 13.4 at 3 months, 16.5 at 6 months, 13.0 at 9 months, and 12.1 at 12 months. Among those receiving supplements, mean proportions of weeks that supplements were received during the different time periods varied from 0.59 to 0.80. Number of days per week receiving supplements averaged 4.8 to 5.0. Mean fluoride dosages when supplements were received were 0.22 mg to 0.24 mg. Estimated average daily fluoride ingestion per day (among those receiving supplements during that time period and factoring in those days and weeks that supplements were not received) was 0.11 mg at 6 weeks, 0.15 mg at 3 months, 0.12 mg at 6 months, 0.11 mg at 9 months, and 0.14 mg at 12 months. Among the subset of 129 children with complete data at all time points who used supplements sometime during their first year of life, mean annual daily supplement dosage was 0.07 mg fluoride, with 75 percent having less than or equal to 0.10 mg. Those infants with mothers and fathers with more education were more likely to receive supplements. CONCLUSIONS Group average use of fluoride supplements was fairly consistent over the 12 months; however, individual patterns varied substantially. Estimated actual mean daily fluoride intake when including days that supplements were not received was substantially less than the recommended 0.25 mg per day.
Hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and impaired hemostasis: the Framingham Offspring Study.

CONTEXT Increased risk for cardiovascular disease in persons with glucose intolerance (impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus) is not fully explained by concomitant elevations in traditional atherosclerosis risk factors. Hyperinsulinemia associated with glucose intolerance may increase risk directly, or its effect could be mediated through impaired hemostatic function. OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between fasting insulin levels and hemostatic factors in subjects with normal and impaired glucose homeostasis. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis conducted between January 1991 and June 1995. SETTING The population-based Framingham Offspring Study. SUBJECTS A total of 1331 men and 1631 women aged 26 to 82 years, without diagnosed diabetes or cardiovascular disease and classified as having normal glucose tolerance (80.2%) or glucose intolerance (impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose combined, 15.2%; previously undiagnosed diabetes, 4.7%) using an oral glucose tolerance test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Trends across quintiles of fasting insulin in levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) antigen, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen, von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen, factor VII antigen, fibrinogen, and plasma viscosity. We stratified analyses by sex and glucose tolerance status and adjusted hemostatic factor levels for obesity, lipid levels, and traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. RESULTS Mean levels of all hemostatic factors (except for fibrinogen in men) increased across fasting insulin quintiles among subjects with normal glucose tolerance (P<.001 for trend). Levels of PAI-1 and tPA antigens, but not other hemostatic factors, were higher comparing subjects with glucose intolerance with those with normal glucose tolerance (P<.001). Among subjects with glucose intolerance, levels of PAI-1 and tPA antigen in men and women (P<.01 for trend) and vWF antigen in men (P<.05 for trend) increased significantly across insulin quintiles, but levels of factor VII antigen, fibrinogen, and plasma viscosity did not increase. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of fasting insulin are associated with impaired fibrinolysis and hypercoagulability in subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Hyperinsulinemia is associated primarily with impaired fibrinolysis in subjects with glucose intolerance. Excess risk for cardiovascular disease associated with hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance may be mediated in part by enhanced potential for acute thrombosis.
Acute effect of brisk walking with graduated compression stockings on vascular endothelial function and oxidative stress

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of brisk walking with and without graduated compression stockings (GCSs) on vascular endothelial function and oxidative stress. Ten young healthy subjects walked briskly for 30 min with (GCS trial) and without (CON trial) GCSs in a randomized crossover trial. Brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) was measured as the per cent rise in the peak diameter from the baseline value at prior occlusion at each FMD measurement using B‐mode ultrasonography before and 30 min after walking in the two trials. Derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d‐ROM), as an index of products of reactive oxygen species, and biological anti‐oxidant potential (BAP), as an index of anti‐oxidant potential, were also measured using a free radical elective evaluator before and 30 min after walking in both trials. FMD significantly decreased after brisk walking in both trials (P<0·05). However, FMD after brisk walking in the GCS trial was significantly higher than that in the CON trial (P<0·05). The d‐ROM did not change before and after both trials, whereas the BAP significantly increased after walking in the GCS trial (P<0·05). These findings demonstrate that brisk walking while wearing GCSs suppresses the decrease in FMD and increases BAP.