Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smoking and Glioma Risk

AbstractTo systematically assess the relationship between smoking and glioma risk.A dose–response meta-analysis of case–control and cohort studies was performed. Pertinent studies were identified by searching database and reference lists. Random-effects model was employed to pool the estimates of the relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 19 case–control and 6 cohort studies were included. Overall, compared with those who never smoked, the pooled RR and 95% CI was 0.98 (0.92–1.05) for ever smoker. The subgroups were not significantly different regarding risk of glioma except the group of age at start smoking (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.93–1.48 for age < 20; RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02–1.52 for age ≥ 20). Dose–response analysis also suggested no significant association between smoking and the risk of glioma, although some evidence for a linear relationship between smoking and glioma risk was observed.In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides little support for a causal relationship between smoking and risk of glioma.
Landscape-scale accessibility of livestock to tigers: implications of spatial grain for modeling predation risk to mitigate human–carnivore conflict

Innovative conservation tools are greatly needed to reduce livelihood losses and wildlife declines resulting from human–carnivore conflict. Spatial risk modeling is an emerging method for assessing the spatial patterns of predator–prey interactions, with applications for mitigating carnivore attacks on livestock. Large carnivores that ambush prey attack and kill over small areas, requiring models at fine spatial grains to predict livestock depredation hot spots. To detect the best resolution for predicting where carnivores access livestock, we examined the spatial attributes associated with livestock killed by tigers in Kanha Tiger Reserve, India, using risk models generated at 20, 100, and 200-m spatial grains. We analyzed land-use, human presence, and vegetation structure variables at 138 kill sites and 439 random sites to identify key landscape attributes where livestock were vulnerable to tigers. Land-use and human presence variables contributed strongly to predation risk models, with most variables showing high relative importance (≥0.85) at all spatial grains. The risk of a tiger killing livestock increased near dense forests and near the boundary of the park core zone where human presence is restricted. Risk was nonlinearly related to human infrastructure and open vegetation, with the greatest risk occurring 1.2 km from roads, 1.1 km from villages, and 8.0 km from scrubland. Kill sites were characterized by denser, patchier, and more complex vegetation with lower visibility than random sites. Risk maps revealed high-risk hot spots inside of the core zone boundary and in several patches in the human-dominated buffer zone. Validation against known kills revealed predictive accuracy for only the 20 m model, the resolution best representing the kill stage of hunting for large carnivores that ambush prey, like the tiger. Results demonstrate that risk models developed at fine spatial grains can offer accurate guidance on landscape attributes livestock should avoid to minimize human–carnivore conflict.
A Lagrangian study of the Antarctic polar vortex

We study the dynamics of passively advected tracers in the Antarctic polar vortex, using the wind fields provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts' (ECMWF) analysis from August to October 1993. Advection on both isopycnal (0.0938 kg/m3) and isentropic surfaces (470°K) is considered. A new definition of the vortex edge, identified as the maximum of kinetic energy, is compared with the definition based on the maximum gradient of Ertel potential vorticity. Using the kinetic energy criterion, we study the permeability of the polar vortex in the framework of the launch strategy of the Stratospheric EoIe (Strateole) polar ozone experiment. We compare the dynamics of balloons launched from the latitudes corresponding to three different possible launching sites for the Strateole experiment, and we provide a quantitative estimate of the probability that a passive tracer may cross the vortex edge, confirming the strong impermeability of the polar vortex to inward and outward particle motions.
Anterior Cingulate Synapses in Prefrontal Areas 10 and 46 Suggest Differential Influence in Cognitive Control

Dorsolateral prefrontal areas 46 and 10 are involved in distinct aspects of cognition. Area 46 has a key role in working memory tasks, and frontopolar area 10 is recruited in complex multitask operations. Both areas are innervated by the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a region associated with emotions and memory but is also important for attentional control through unknown synaptic mechanisms. Here, we found that in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) most axon terminals labeled from tracers injected into ACC area 32 innervated spines of presumed excitatory neurons, but ∼20–30% formed mostly large synapses with dendritic shafts of presumed inhibitory neurons in the upper layers (I–IIIa) of dorsolateral areas 10, 46, and 9. Moreover, area 32 terminals targeted preferentially calbindin and, to a lesser extent, calretinin neurons, which are thought to be inhibitory neurons that modulate the gain of task-relevant activity during working memory tasks. Area 46 was distinguished as a recipient of more (by ∼40%) area 32 synapses on putative inhibitory neurons. Area 10 stood apart as recipient of significantly larger (by ∼40% in volume) area 32 terminals on spines of putative excitatory neurons. These synaptic specializations suggest that area 32 has complementary roles, potentially enhancing inhibition in area 46 and strengthening excitation in area 10, which may help direct attention to new tasks while temporarily holding in memory another task.
CRISPR-Cas9–Mediated Modification of the NOD Mouse Genome With Ptpn22R619W Mutation Increases Autoimmune Diabetes

An allelic variant of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22), PTPN22R620W, is strongly associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in humans and increases the risk of T1D by two- to fourfold. The NOD mouse is a spontaneous T1D model that shares with humans many genetic pathways contributing to T1D. We hypothesized that the introduction of the murine orthologous Ptpn22R619W mutation to the NOD genome would enhance the spontaneous development of T1D. We microinjected CRISPR-Cas9 and a homology-directed repair template into NOD single-cell zygotes to introduce the Ptpn22R619W mutation to its endogenous locus. The resulting Ptpn22R619W mice showed increased insulin autoantibodies and earlier onset and higher penetrance of T1D. This is the first report demonstrating enhanced T1D in a mouse modeling human PTPN22R620W and the utility of CRISPR-Cas9 for direct genetic alternation of NOD mice.
Non-hotspot volcano chains produced by migration of shear-driven upwelling toward the East Pacific Rise

While most oceanic volcanism is associated with the passive rise of hot mantle beneath the spreading axes of mid-ocean ridges (MOR), volcanism occurring off-axis reflects intraplate upper-mantle dynamics and composition, yet is poorly understood. Off the south East Pacific Rise (SEPR), volcanism along the Pukapuka, Hotu-Matua, and Sojourn ridges has been attributed to various mechanisms, but none can reconcile its spatial, temporal, and geochemical characteristics. Our three-dimensional numerical models show that asthenospheric shear can excite upwelling and decompression melting at the tip of low-viscosity fingers that are propelled eastward by vigorous sublithospheric flow. This shear-driven upwelling is able to sustain intraplate volcanism that progresses toward the MOR, spreads laterally close to the axis, and weakly continues on the opposite plate. These predictions can explain the anomalously fast eastward progression of volcanism, and its spatial distribution near the SEPR. Moreover, for a heterogeneous mantle source involving a fertile component, the predicted systematics of volcanism can explain the geochemical trend along Pukapuka and the enriched anomaly of SEPR mid-oceanic ridge basalt at 16°–20.5°S. Our study highlights the role of horizontal asthenospheric flow and mantle heterogeneity in producing linear chains of intraplate volcanism independent of a (deep-rooted) buoyancy source.
Physiological growth indices in winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars as affected by drought stress at Iran

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of drought stress on physiological growth indices of winter rapeseed cultivars in Karaj, Iran using split-plot design with three replications to study the effect of drought stress on oil yield of winter rapeseed cultivars. The main-plot factors included: Four levels of irrigation regimes (control = no drought stress, irrigation interrupted during the flowering stage, irrigation interrupted during the silique formation stage and irrigation interrupted during the seed filling stage) while the sub-plot factor included three cultivars (Zarfam, Okapi and Licord) of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). The results showed that total dry matter (TDM), leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR) and crop growth rate (CGR) were highly significantly different among the rapeseed cultivars, whereas, drought stress had effects of practical significance on TDM, LAI, RGR and CGR. The results also showed that the highest TDM, LAI, RGR and CGR were obtained from the cultivar, Zarfam under no-drought condition. The findings firmly established that the drought stress sorely reduces physiological growth indices of winter rapeseed cultivars under conditions of Karaj in Iran. Key words: Drought stress, physiological growth indices, winter rapeseed cultivars.
Specific Binding of Nuclear to Plant Nuclei Local izat ion Sequences

We have begun to dissect the import apparatus of higher plants by examining the specific association of nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) with purified plant nuclei. Peptides to the simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen NLS and a bipartite NLS of maire were allowed to associate with tobacco and maize nuclei. Wild-type NLSs were found to compete for a single class of low-affinity binding sites having a dissociation constant (Kd) of -200 pM. Peptides to mutant NLSs, which are inefficient in stimulating import, were poor competitors, as were reverse wild-type and non-NLS peptides. The NLS binding site was proteinaceous and resistant to extraction under conditions where pores were still associated. In addition, immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy indicated that binding was at the nuclear envelope. Overall, plant nuclei may be an excellent system to identify components of the import apparatus.
Logistics service innovation based on the service innovation model for ILSP

As the further development of the economy and service outsourcing industry, competition among logistics service enterprises has gradually evolved into the competition among logistics service supply chains (LSSC) which are leaded by their integrated logistics services providers (ILSP), but the competitive core is logistics service innovation. The service innovation of ILSP reflects overall logistics service innovation, and elaborates the specific meaning of logistics service innovation from support services, value-added services, four-latitude factors (service technology, service concept, service delivery system, customer service interface) point of view, based on the service innovation model for ILSP.
Distribution and Characterization of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Soil and Sediments from a Superfund Site Contaminated with Aroclor 1268

The use of Aroclor 1268 at a former chlor-alkali plant in coastal Georgia (United States) has resulted in extensive contamination of soils on-site and also of sediments in the adjacent brackish marsh. The concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil and marsh sedi ments ranged between 9.6 and 567 μg/g dry wt. A nearly 100-fold decline in total PCBs with distance away from the site suggests a high attenuation of PCBs by the marsh environment. Isomer-specific analysis of PCBs in Aroclor 1268 and in soils and sediments from the site revealed that a comparable proportion of octa- and nonachlorobiphenyl congeners, characteristic of the source, were present. The distribution of PCBs in marsh sediments was similar to that in Aroclor 1268, which suggests a high degree of stability of this PCB formulation in this environment. The estimated 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents of coplanar PCBs in soil and sediments were between 1.6 and 28.6 ng/g dry wt and also declined by 2 orders of magnitude along the co.
Multiple access channels with arbitrarily correlated sources

Let \{(U_{i},V_{i})\}_{i=1}^{n} be a source of independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) discrete random variables with joint probability mass function p(u,v) and common part w=f(u)=g(v) in the sense of Witsenhausen, Gacs, and Korner. It is shown that such a source can be sent with arbitrarily small probability of error over a multiple access channel (MAC) \{\cal X_{1} \times \cal X_{2},\cal Y,p(y|x_{1},x_{2})\}, with allowed codes \{x_{l}(u), x_{2}(v)\} if there exist probability mass functions p(s), p(x_{1}|s,u),p(x_{2}|s,v) , such that H(U|V) H(V|U ) H(U,V|W) H(U,V) \mbox{where} p(s,u,v,x_{1},x_{2},y), Xl, X2, y)=p(s)p(u,v)p(x_{1}|u,s)p(x_{2}|v,s)p(y|x_{1},x_{2}). lifts region includes the multiple access channel region and the Slepian-Wolf data compression region as special cases.
Monte Carlo Planning in RTS Games

-Monte Carlo simulations have been successfully used in classic turn–based games such as backgam-mon, bridge, poker, and Scrabble. In this paper, we apply the ideas to the problem of planning in games with imperfect information, stochasticity, and simultaneous moves. The domain we consider is real–time strategy games. We present a framework — MCPlan — for Monte Carlo planning, identify its performance parameters, and analyze the results of an implementation in a capture– the–ﬂag game.
The carbon dioxide system in the Atlantic Ocean

During the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ocean Atmosphere Carbon Exchange Study expedition in the eastern North Atlantic in summer 1993, measurements of four CO2 parameters, along with hydrographic properties, were made: fugacity Of CO2, ƒCO2 (measured at 20°C and in situ);pH (measured at 20°C); total inorganic carbon, TCO2; and total alkalinity, TA. The major objective of this cruise was to establish a benchmark against which future measurements of the transient invasion of CO2 can be made. The large-scale distributions of surface water CO2 parameters were related to temperature and salinity in this region. The subsurface TA and TCO2 measurements were fitted to multiple linear functions of salinity, in situ temperature, apparent oxygen utilization, and silicate. The measurements of the inorganic carbon system were also used to examine the internal consistency of the carbonate system in this area. The measurements were internally consistent to ±1.3% in ƒCO2, ±0.006 in pH, ±3 μmol kg−1 in TCO2, and ±3 μmol kg−1 in TA if proper carbonic acid dissociation constants are used for different input combinations. The thermodynamic constants of Goyet and Poisson [1989], Roy et al. [1993], Millero [1995], and Lee and Millero [1995] were most consistent with the measurements of pH (at 20°C), TCO2, and TA. However, if ƒCO2 (at 20°C) is used in thermodynamic calculations, the constants of Mehrbach et al. [1973] gave the best representation of measurements. The constants of Lee and Millero [1995] were also reasonable agreement with these measurements.
Thymidylate synthase in situ protein expression and survival in stage I nonsmall‐cell lung cancer

Thymidylate synthase (TS) is important for maintenance of the intracellular thymidine pool, which is crucial for DNA synthesis and repair. TS messenger RNA and protein levels are predictive of response to 5‐fluorouracil‐containing therapy for patients with colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. High levels of expression of 2 other genes important in DNA synthesis and repair, RRM1 and ERCC1, are prognostic of survival in early stage nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We hypothesized that intratumoral TS expression would be prognostic of outcome in stage I NSCLC.
Answering Natural Language Questions with Intui3

Intui3 is one of the participating systems at the fourth evaluation campaign on multilingual question answering over linked data, QALD4. The system accepts as input a question formulated in natural language (in English), and uses syntactic and semantic information to construct its interpretation with respect to a given database of RDF triples (in this case DBpedia 3.9). The interpretation is mapped to the corresponding SPARQL query, which is then run against a SPARQL endpoint to retrieve the answers to the initial question. Intui3 competed in the challenge called Task 1: Multilingual question answering over linked data, which offered 200 training questions and 50 test questions in 7 different languages. It obtained an F-measure of 0.24 by providing a correct answer to 10 of the test questions and a partial answer to 4 of them.
Biological Data Resources at the EMBL-EBI

The European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) is an Outstation of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL). These are Europeâ€™s flagships in bioinforma­tics and basic research in molecular biology. The EBI has been maintaining core data resources in molecular biology for 15 years and is notionally custodian to the largest collection of databases and services in Life Sciences in Europe. EBI provides access in a free and unrestricted fashion to these resources to the international research community. The data resources at the EBI are divided into thematic categories. Each represents a special knowledge domain where one or several databases are maintai­ned. The aims of this note are to introduce the reader to these resources and briefly outline training and education activities which may be of interest to students as well as academic staff in general. The web portal for the EBI can be found at http://www.ebi. ac.uk/ and represents a single entry point for all data resources and activities described below.
Performance evaluation for on-orbit modulation transfer function of FengYun-3C medium resolution spectral imager (MERSI) using polar ice and snow

Modulation transfer function (MTF) can be used to evaluate spatial quality of an satellite imaging sensor using a sharp edge, a pulse target, or bar pattern target. This investigation evaluates on-orbit MTF performance of FengYun (FY)-3C MERSI with 20 Bands with 1 km and 250 m spatial resolutions using polar ice and snow as a sharp edge, which was launched on September 23 of 2013. The MTF is calculated by using a Fourier transformation on the line spread function (LSF) though a simple differentiation of the edge spread function (ESF). The final MTF Nyqusit frequencies of the most of MERSI Bands along FY-3C flight direction are higher than 0.30, which are satisfy the original design requirements of 0.25 (250 m) and 0.27 (1km). But the Nyquist frequencies of all Bands along FY-3C scanning direction are around 0.13 that are clearly lower than 0.25/0.27. This relatively worse spatial quality of image along FY-3C scanning direction is primarily attributed to the 27% overlapped scan mode of MERSI sensor for every pixel. The objective of design defect in FY-3C MERSI instrument system is to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of scanning image. To overcome the drawback, in future, we will develop some deblurring methods to restore FY-3C/MERSI image along scanning direction.
The University of Iowa at CLEF 2014: eHealth Task 3

The task 3 of CLEF eHealth Evaluation lab aims to help laypeople get more accurate information from health related documents. In this task, we did several experiments and tried dierent technolo- gies to improve the retrieval performance. We tried to clean the original dataset and did sentence level retrieval. We explored dierent parameter settings for pseudo relevance feedback. Description and Narrative was utilized to expand the query as well. We also modied Markov Random Field (MRF) model to expand the query using medical phrase only. In our training set (2013 test set), using those methods can signicantly im- prove the retrieval performance by 8-15% from baseline. We submitted 4 runs. Results on 2014 test set suggest that the technologies we used except MRF have the potential to improve the performance for the top 5 retrieved results.
Genetic Characterization of the M RNA Segment of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Strains, China

We report the genetic characterization of the M RNA segment of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). Two CCHFV strains isolated in Xinjiang Province, a region endemic for CCHF in northwestern China, were studied. These strains, designated BA66019 and BA8402, were isolated in 1965 and 1984 from a CCHF patient and Hyalomma ticks, respectively. Viral RNA was extracted from suckling mouse brains infected with these two strains, amplified, and sequenced. The full-length M RNA, consisting of 5.3 kb, was determined for both strains. The coding nucleotide sequences of the two strains differed from each other by 17.5% and from the reference CCHFV strain IbAr10200 by a mean of 22%, suggesting that the genus Nairovirus comprises a group of genetically highly diverse strains.
Using Genetic Algorithms for Defining an Initial Shares Portfolio

This paper discusses a computational approach for solving the problem of defining an initial portfolio satisfying some parameters previously defined by a financial analyst. The mathematical methods for defining this portfolio are computationally NP-hard and the number of shares and parameters involved is very large. This paper shows a genetic algorithm approach for solving this problem using a minimum amount of time and error.
PWCollider-A Visual Composition Tool for Software S y n t h e s i s

This paper presents a visual interface between PatchWork (PW) and SuperCollider2 (SC2) called PWCollider. This work has been motivated by the need to form a bridge between various composition tools found in PW and sound synthesis. PWCollider gives an alternative way to work with SC2. The user can generate SC2 patches visually by choosing a set of boxes and making connections between them. The system can be used either in draft-mode or score-mode. In the latter case PWCollider is used in conjunction with a compositional tool which allows to generate complex, multi-layered musical textures.