Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early fetal development of the intermediate tendon of the human digastricus and omohyoideus muscles: A critical difference in histogenesis

The digastricus and omohyoideus muscles are known to carry two muscle bellies connected by an intermediate tendon. However, according to our histological observations of 22 fetuses (7–20 weeks of gestation), the mode of formation of the intermediate tendon was critically different between these two muscles. At 7–9 weeks, the posterior belly of the digastricus carried a definite intramuscular tendon continuous with a long descending tendon. The stylohyoideus, external carotid artery and hypoglossal nerve appeared to impede attachment of the tendon to the Reichert or hyoid cartilage. The digastricus anterior belly did not contain any intramuscular tendon, but desmin‐positive muscle fibers consistently surrounded a bulb‐like mesenchymal condensation at the caudal free end of the digastricus posterior tendon. Thus, most parts of the digastricus tendon were apparently derived from the posterior belly. In contrast, the omohyoideus always possessed a single long muscle belly until 15 weeks. The intermediate tendon first appeared at 15 weeks as a short plate‐like connective structure along the medial margin of the muscle. Vimentin immunoreactivity suggested the presence of mechanical stress along the plate‐like tissue, possibly due to bending of the long muscle. Muscle fibers were replaced by collagen fibers to form an intermediate tendon by 20 weeks. Clin. Anat. 24:843–852, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Life Cycle Income and Consumption Patterns in Poland

This paper investigates the life cycle profiles of income and consumption and relative income mobility in Poland - a transition economy facing rapid structural economic and social changes. According to my results, and in line with the empirical evidence for advanced economies, the age-profiles of average income and consumption in Poland exhibit a hump. The inequality of income over the life cycle is found to flatten relatively quickly in Poland, which contrasts with the approximately linear shape observed in the US. When individual income process is fitted to match the Polish inequality profile, it exhibits less persistence than in the US. Past earnings turn out to affect current income more strongly for the group of more educated individuals. Moreover, and in contrast to the permanent income hypothesis as well as findings for other economies, no evidence of an increase in consumption inequality for households older than 30 years is found. Finally, the obtained estimates of relative income mobility in Poland are higher than those for developed countries.
Translingual strategies as consumer design: A case study of multilingual linguistic landscapes of urban China

Abstract Taking a photo-studio brand named Naive Blue (天真蓝) as a case study, this article seeks to contribute to the understanding of translingual practices as stylistic strategies for commercial purposes in the era of globalization. Sociolinguistic analysis of the brand logo, shop signs and social media promotional practices shows that translingual practices have been mobilized as generative and interactive strategies of consumer design. First, translingual strategies help construct a discursive world not available in monolingual uses of either English or Chinese and position the brand’s target consumers as self-assertive, individualistic, and sharing a taste of distinction. Second, translingual strategies are embodied and metalinguistically conscious practices (expected to be) shared by both the brand’s social-media content manager and his interactants and followers in general. The findings also suggest that translingual practices are part of an emergent register indexing an emergent social class that is tentatively labeled ‘young urban elites’ in contemporary China.
Privacy Inference on Knowledge Graphs: Hardness and Approximation

The rapid information propagation facilitates our work and life without precedent in history, but it has tremendously exaggerated the risk and consequences of privacy invasion. Today's attackers are becoming more and more powerful in gathering personal information from many sources and mining these data to further uncover users' privacy. A great number of previous works have shown that, with adequate background knowledge, attackers are even able to infer sensitive information that is not revealed to anyone malicious before. In this paper, we model the attacker's knowledge using a knowledge graph and formally define the privacy inference problem. We show its #P-hardness and design an approximation algorithm to perform privacy inference in an iterative fashion, which also reflects real-life network evolution. The simulations on two data sets demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of privacy inference using knowledge graphs.
Posterior C1–C2 Fusion With Polyaxial Screw and Rod Fixation

Study Design. A novel technique of atlantoaxial stabilization using individual fixation of the C1 lateral mass and the C2 pedicle with minipolyaxial screws and rods is described. In addition, the initial results of this technique on 37 patients are described. Objectives. To describe the technique and the initial clinical and radiographic results for posterior C1–C2 fixation with a new implant system. Summary of Background Data. Stabilization of the atlantoaxial complex is a challenging procedure because of the unique anatomy of this region. Fixation by transarticular screws combined with posterior wiring and structural bone grafting leads to excellent fusion rates. The technique is technically demanding and has a potential risk of injury to the vertebral artery. In addition, this procedure cannot be used in the presence of fixed subluxation of C1 on C2 and in the case of an aberrant path of the vertebral artery. To address these limitations, a new technique of C1–C2 fixation has been developed: bilateral insertion of polyaxial-head screws in the lateral mass of C1 and through the pars interarticularis into the pedicle of C2, followed by a fluoroscopically controlled reduction maneuver and rod fixation. Methods. After posterior exposure of the C1–C2 complex, the 3.5-mm polyaxial screws are inserted in the lateral masses of C1. Two polyaxial screws are then inserted into the pars interarticularis of C2. Drilling is guided by anatomic landmarks and fluoroscopy. If necessary, reduction of C1 onto C2 can be accomplished by manipulation of the implants, followed by fixation to the 3-mm rod. For definitive fusion, cancellous bone can be added. No structural bone graft or wiring is required. In selected cases, e.g., C1–C2 subluxation or fractures in young patients in whom only temporary fixation is necessary, the instrumentation can be removed after an appropriate time. Because the joint surfaces stay intact, the patient can regain motion in the C1–C2 joints. Results. Thirty-seven patients underwent this procedure. No neural or vascular damage related to this technique has been observed. The early clinical and radiologic follow-up data indicate solid fusion in all patients. Conclusion. Fixation of the atlantoaxial complex using polyaxial-head screws and rods seems to be a reliable technique and should be considered an efficient alternative to the previously reported techniques.
Ethical Issues in the Translation of Social Neuroscience: A Policy Analysis of Current Guidelines for Public Dialogue in Human Research

Social neuroscience and its potential implications create an interesting case study for examining human research ethics policies on the topic of public communication of research. We reviewed mainstream national and international human research ethics guidelines and policies on issues of public communication of research. Our analysis relied on five thematic nets to capture the interactions between research and the public: public understanding, knowledge translation, public participation, social outcomes, and dual use. Coverage of these topics is sparse and inconsistent in mainstream policies and guidelines. We identify three options to address these gaps and analyze their strengths and weaknesses.
Preclinical Characterization of PF-00868554, a Potent Nonnucleoside Inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase

ABSTRACT PF-00868554 is a nonnucleoside inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA polymerase, which exerts its inhibitory effect by binding to the thumb base domain of the protein. It is a potent and selective inhibitor, with a mean 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.019 μM against genotype 1 polymerases and a mean 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 0.075 μM against the genotype 1b-Con1 replicon. To determine the in vitro antiviral activity of PF-00868554 against various HCV strains, a panel of chimeric replicons was generated, in which polymerase sequences derived from genotype 1a and 1b clinical isolates were cloned into the 1b-Con1 subgenomic reporter replicon. Our results indicate that PF-00868554 has potent in vitro antiviral activity against a majority (95.8%) of genotype 1a and 1b replicons, with an overall mean EC50 of 0.059 μM. PF-00868554 showed no cytotoxic effect in several human cell lines, up to the highest concentration evaluated (320 μM). Furthermore, the antiviral activity of PF-00868554 was retained in the presence of human serum proteins. An in vitro resistance study of PF-00868554 identified M423T as the predominant resistance mutation, resulting in a 761-fold reduction in susceptibility to PF-00868554 but no change in susceptibility to alpha interferon and a polymerase inhibitor that binds to a different region. PF-00868554 also showed good pharmacokinetic properties in preclinical animal species. Our results demonstrate that PF-00868554 has potent and broad-spectrum antiviral activity against genotype 1 HCV strains, supporting its use as an oral antiviral agent in HCV-infected patients.
Effects of natural gas supply on macro-economics: comparative analysis

ABSTRACT Energy is the main inputs of products and services. Energy has strategic role at the micro- and macro-economic scales in the countries. Compared with other fossil energy sources, the natural gas has been the most growing one. This fact suggests that understanding the effects of natural gas utilisation on the economical situation of different countries is an important subject among researchers and policymakers. This research is conducted to analyse the effect of natural gas supply in the economics of five developed, emerging, and developing countries (US, Brazil, Germany and Iran). The countries were selected based on the importance of natural gas in their energy supply. The results show that countries with natural gas sources (Iran and the US) are more gas dependent. The reason for high natural gas dependency in Iran is due to the lack of effective energy legislation. In other countries (Germany, Brazil and Turkey), the level of development is highly related to the natural gas consumption. To sum up, decent natural gas consumption in beneficial sectors can improve countries economic development.
Determination of membrane thickness distribution from orthogonal intercepts

This report deals with the reconstruction of the distribution of membrane thickness T from that of orthogonal intercept length L0, measured in random section planes. In such planes the membrane appears as a band and the linear distance from one of its boundaries perpendicular to the opposite one is the length of the orthogonal intercept. Using a membrane model, an integral equation relating the probability density functions of orthogonal intercept length f(l0) and membrane thickness g(τ) is derived. Relations between moments are derived and the analytic solution to the problem of reconstructing g(τ) from f(l0) is given. The parametric approach by which it is assumed that g(τ) has some known analytic form with unknown parameters is considered, and the use of a suggested analytic form for describing the thickness distribution of the human glomerular basement membrane is discussed.
Psychometric properties of the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale.

BACKGROUND This study introduces the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS), which has been used in several clinical trials at the University of Pennsylvania's Treatment Research Center. The PACS is a five-item, self-report measure that includes questions about the frequency, intensity, and duration of craving, the ability to resist drinking, and asks for an overall rating of craving for alcohol for the previous week. Each question is scaled from 0 to 6. METHODS To examine the questionnaire's psychometric properties, we sampled responses from 147 individuals participating in a 9-month combined natrexone (100 mg/day)/psychotherapy trial. The psychotherapy consisted of weekly sessions of nurse-administered medication compliance and supportive treatment. RESULTS The PACS proved to have excellent internal consistency. Predictive validity was demonstrated via a logistic regression analysis of craving during the 2nd week of the study on alcohol relapse during weeks 3-12 of the trial. Construct validity of the PACS was demonstrated via its convergence with two commonly used measures for assessing craving, the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale and the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire. Lack of correlation between PACS scores and several other noncraving, self-report measures indicates that the PACS also had good discriminant validity. Additional analyses revealed that there were significant differences in craving scores during the initial 3 weeks of the trial among those who did and those who did not relapse during weeks 3-12. CONCLUSION The PACS is a reliable and valid measure of alcohol craving and can predict which individuals are at risk for subsequent relapse.
A Markovian model of pedestrian behavior

In this paper a statistical model of pedestrian behavior is proposed. This model is intended to be an important part of a study on the feasibility of car-to-pedestrian accident prediction. The proposed approach is phenomenological as it is based on a four discrete states Markov chain. These four states: "standing still", "walking", "jogging", and "running" are related to the pedestrian pace. First, given the former pedestrian state the current one is calculated. Then, the pedestrian speed vector is split up into the norm and the angle. Information on the statistical distribution of these quantities is available. Their values follow from the present pedestrian discrete state. The proposed model has been compared with related work. It has been used to generate statistically significant pedestrian trajectories and to predict car-to-pedestrian impacts. Simulation results are given based on an evaluation database of car and pedestrian accidents.
The effects of business cycle indicators on stock market indices of food industry in Iran

This paper investigates the effects of the business cycle indicators on stock market indices of food industry companies in Iran stock market. Using dynamic panel and Panel VAR methods for seasonal data of 2001-2015, the results show that the effect of GDP and agricultural value-added as indicators of business cycle on stock market indices of sales volume, price index, net profit and stock return are positive. The results of panel VAR models also show that the shocks entered by GDP and agricultural value ? added have a different effect on stock market indices of sales volume, price index, net profit and ? stock return. Due to the positive effects of the business cycles indicators on the stock market indices of food industry companies, it is recommended that policy-makers consider strategies to increase GDP and agriculture value-added. Acknowledgement : I am attaching herewith a manuscript entitled ? The Impacts of Business Cycle Indicators on Stock Market Indices of Food Industry for the 30th international conference of agricultural economics. With the submission of this manuscript, I would like to undertake that the above-mentioned manuscript has not been published elsewhere, accepted for publication elsewhere or under editorial review for publication elsewhere. Please don't hesitate to contact me for further information. Thanks in advance for your time and consideration. Sincerely Hosein Mohammadi, Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
Motion Estimation Using Gradient Orientation Structure Tensors

This paper describes a novel technique for motion estimation in image sequences using gradient orientation structure tensors (GOSTs). The technique differs from conventional motion estimation techniques using gradient structure tensors (GSTs) in that GOSTs are based on only gradient orientation information and independent of the gradient magnitude. Since gradient orientation is invariant to global changes of image intensities, the proposed method performs motion estimation robustly regardless of time-varying image intensities often caused by irregular lighting conditions. The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the conventional GST-based motion estimation technique under ideal, time-varying lighting, and noisy conditions.
Colocalization of adeno-associated virus Rep and capsid proteins in the nuclei of infected cells

The mechanism of adeno-associated virus (AAV) DNA replication was characterized both genetically and biochemically. In this study, we used monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to examine the AAV p5 (Rep78 and Rep68) and p19 (Rep52 and Rep40) proteins in infected cells. By overexpressing a truncated Rep78 protein in Escherichia coli, we obtained monoclonal antibody anti-78/68, which is specific for the p5 Rep proteins, and monoclonal antibody anti-52/40, which recognized both the p5 and p19 Rep proteins. In single-fluorochrome indirect immunofluorescence labeling experiments, the viral Rep proteins were localized in distinct intranuclear foci. Analysis of AAV proteins by double-fluorochrome indirect immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated that (i) all four AAV Rep proteins occupied the same intranuclear compartments and (ii) the Rep and capsid proteins colocalized in the nuclei of infected cells. These results suggest that replication centers similar to those established by other viruses exist for AAV. These reagents should provide a useful tool for further delineation of the mechanism of AAV replication in vitro.
Pelagibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. and Pelagibacterium luteolum sp. nov., novel members of the family Hyphomicrobiaceae.

Two Gram-negative, motile, aerobic bacterial strains, designated B2(T) and 1_C16_27(T), were respectively isolated from a seawater sample collected from the East China Sea and a semi-coke sample from north-eastern Estonia. Their genetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties were studied. The isolates were short rods with polar flagella and were positive for catalase and oxidase activities. Q-10 was the predominant respiratory ubiquinone. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified glycolipids. The major fatty acids were nonadecanoic (C(19 : 0) cyclo), octadecanoic (C(18 : 0) and C(18 : 0) 3-OH), octadecenoic (C(18 : 1)) and hexadecanoic (C(16 : 0)) acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 58.1-59.3 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the two isolates represent a distinct lineage within the family Hyphomicrobiaceae. The phylogenetically closest relatives were Cucumibacter (92.7-93.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Devosia (92.9-94.4 %) and Zhangella (91.7-92.1 %). Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strains B2(T) and 1_C16_27(T) could be differentiated from each other and from members of the genera Cucumibacter, Devosia and Zhangella. Therefore, it is proposed that strains B2(T) and 1_C16_27(T) represent two novel species in a new genus, for which the names Pelagibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type species; type strain B2(T) = CGMCC 1.7692(T) = JCM 15775(T)) and Pelagibacterium luteolum sp. nov. (type strain 1_C16_27(T) = CGMCC 1.10267(T) = JCM 16552(T) = CELMS EEUT 1C1627(T)) are proposed.
An approach for detecting moving target in VideoSAR imagery sequence

In VideoSAR imagery, unlike the image of a moving target which has been smeared and shifted, the shadow of the target is displayed at the true target location and moves from frame to frame. Based on this characteristic of moving targets, this paper presents a novel technique for detecting moving targets in VideoSAR mode based on image processing techniques, using the clue of moving shadows to detect moving targets. This method is mainly divided into two parts, background compensation and background segmentation. First, we register the image sequence with SIFT and RANSAC algorithms to compensate the dynamic scene; then we model the background through single Gaussian model (SGM), and differentiate background model and current image to obtain the binary image of foreground. Finally, we extract the moving targets' shadows from the binary image by post Morphological processing. This method has been demonstrated with real VideoSAR imagery sequence from Sandia Lab and has a good detection result.
On uplink performance of massive MIMO relaying with hybrid multiuser detection

This paper considers a multiuser massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) uplink transmission with the help of an Nr-antenna amplify-and-forward (AF) relay. Assume that the base station (BS) is equipped with a large array of Nd antennas but supported by a far smaller number, K, of radio-frequency (RF) chains, which greatly reduce hardware complexity and cost. A hybrid processing is proposed to fit the limited RF chains. By first deriving some statistics of the complicated phase-aligned compound two-hop channel matrix, we obtain a tight bound of the achievable rate in closed form for the system using hybrid detection. It is shown that the ergodic rate, logarithmically proportional to Nd, is a function of a scaled product of equivalent signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of two hop channels. The scaling factor, to some extent, represents the effect of limited RF chains. Power-saving strategies are further investigated. User transmit power and relay power can be respectively scaled down by 1/Nad and 1/N1−ad (0 ≤ a ≤ 1) simultaneously with an asymptotically unchanged sum rate. Simulation results verify that the proposed hybrid processing incurs limited rate loss compared to fully-digital detection.
Small Firms in Regional Clusters: Local Networks and Internationalization in the Southern Hemisphere

This paper reports on a three‐country comparative study examining the internationalization of family winemakers in distinct regional wine clusters of Argentina, Chile, and New Zealand. In‐depth interviews were conducted with owner–operators, to understand the drivers and barriers to internationalization of their businesses. Key findings reveal that while size and age are not determinants of the ability or propensity to export wine, the existence of an independent industry body has a positive impact and greatly speeds up the internationalization process, providing an effective route for small firms to establish their very often, relatively unknown brand(s) in lucrative foreign markets.