Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Client perspectives of therapist self-disclosure: Violating boundaries or removing barriers?

There has been a longstanding ethical debate in the literature on therapist self-disclosure and its appropriateness in psychotherapy practice. Although multiple therapeutic benefits have been documented, risks commonly identified with therapists providing personal information to clients are that it can blur client–therapist boundaries and diminish important professional qualities associated with the therapist's role. Little is known about the impact therapist disclosure may have on therapy boundaries and professional qualities from the perspective of actual clients. This qualitative study provides a window into the experiences of nine participants of boundaries and therapist professionalism in the context of receiving non-immediate personal disclosures. Findings indicate therapist disclosure can, but does not necessarily, generate boundary issues, can either enhance or diminish perceived credibility and competence and can enhance or compromise the client's view of both therapist and client roles. Results are situated within the ethics debate. Further exploration of the relationship between therapist disclosure and the client role is recommended.
Effects of early, abrupt weaning on HIV-free survival of children in Zambia.

BACKGROUND In low-resource settings, many programs recommend that women who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) stop breast-feeding early. We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate whether abrupt weaning at 4 months as compared with the standard practice has a net benefit for HIV-free survival of children. METHODS We enrolled 958 HIV-infected women and their infants in Lusaka, Zambia. All the women planned to breast-feed exclusively to 4 months; 481 were randomly assigned to a counseling program that encouraged abrupt weaning at 4 months, and 477 to a program that encouraged continued breast-feeding for as long as the women chose. The primary outcome was either HIV infection or death of the child by 24 months. RESULTS In the intervention group, 69.0% of the mothers stopped breast-feeding at 5 months or earlier; 68.8% of these women reported the completion of weaning in less than 2 days. In the control group, the median duration of breast-feeding was 16 months. In the overall cohort, there was no significant difference between the groups in the rate of HIV-free survival among the children; 68.4% and 64.0% survived to 24 months without HIV infection in the intervention and control groups, respectively (P=0.13). Among infants who were still being breast-fed and were not infected with HIV at 4 months, there was no significant difference between the groups in HIV-free survival at 24 months (83.9% and 80.7% in the intervention and control groups, respectively; P=0.27). Children who were infected with HIV by 4 months had a higher mortality by 24 months if they had been assigned to the intervention group than if they had been assigned to the control group (73.6% vs. 54.8%, P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS Early, abrupt cessation of breast-feeding by HIV-infected women in a low-resource setting, such as Lusaka, Zambia, does not improve the rate of HIV-free survival among children born to HIV-infected mothers and is harmful to HIV-infected infants. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00310726.)
Ectomycorrhizal Inocybe species associate with the mycoheterotrophic orchid Epipogium aphyllum but not its asexual propagules.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epipogium aphyllum is a Eurasian achlorophyllous, mycoheterotrophic forest orchid. Due to its rarity, it is often protected, and its biology is poorly known. The identity and pattern of colonization of fungal associates providing carbon to this orchid have not been studied previously. METHODS Using samples from 34 individuals from 18 populations in Japan, Russia and France, the following were investigated: (a) colonization patterns of fungal associates of E. aphyllum by microscopy; (b) their identity by PCR amplification of nuclear ribosomal ITS carried out on rhizome fragments and hyphal pelotons. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Microscopic investigations revealed that thick rhizomes were densely colonized by fungi bearing clamp-connections and dolipores, i.e. basidiomycetes. Molecular analysis identified Inocybe species as exclusive symbionts of 75 % of the plants investigated and, more rarely, other basidiomycetes (Hebeloma, Xerocomus, Lactarius, Thelephora species). Additionally, ascomycetes, probably endophytes or parasites, were sometimes present. Although E. aphyllum associates with diverse species from Inocybe subgenera Mallocybe and Inocybe sensu stricto, no evidence for cryptic speciation in E. aphyllum was found. Since basidiomycetes colonizing the orchid are ectomycorrhizal, surrounding trees are probably the ultimate carbon source. Accordingly, in one population, ectomycorrhizae sampled around an individual orchid revealed the same fungus on 11.2 % of tree roots investigated. Conversely, long, thin stolons bearing bulbils indicated active asexual multiplication, but these propagules were not colonized by fungi. These findings are discussed in the framework of ecology and evolution of mycoheterotrophy.
Recognizing People"s Focus of Attention from Head Poses: a Study

This paper presents a study on the recognition of the visual focus of attention (VFOA) of meeting participants based on their head pose. Contrary to previous studies on the topic, in our set-up, the potential VFOA of a person is not restricted to other meeting the participants only, but include environmental targets (including a table, a projection screen). This has two consequences. First, it increases the number of possible ambiguities in identifying the VFOA from the head pose. Secondly, in the scenario we present here, full knowledge of the head pointing direction is required to identify the VFOA. An incomplete representation of the head pointing direction (head pan only) will not suffice. In this paper, using a corpus of 8 meetings of 10 minutes average length, featuring 4 persons involved discussing statements projected on a screen, we analyze the above issues by evaluating, through numerical performance measures, the recognition of the VFOA from head pose information obtained either using a magnetic sensor device (the ground truth) or a vision based tracking system (head pose estimates). The results clearly show that in such complex but realistic situations, it is can be optimistic to believe that the recognition of the VFOA can solely be based on the head pose, as some previous studies had suggested.
Turning practically: broadening the horizon

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the special issue, positioning the articles in relation to the current “turn to practice” within organisation and management studies.Design/methodology/approach – The paper introduces a schematic classification of ways of putting practice at the centre of the concern of social scientists depending on the interest of the researcher and his/her position with regard to the object of the research.Findings – The paper finds that turning to practice does not necessarily, or simply, equate with becoming more engaged, or with making social science relevant, or with moving social science closer to the practical concerns of separate practitioners. It is argued that the effort should be concentrated on developing a type of theory that helps practitioners articulate what they already do, and therefore somehow know. The model for this way of theorising would therefore be not physics or astronomy but rather grammar – a discipline that although just as old, has been ba.
Evidence that the ancestral haplotype in Australian hemochromatosis patients may be associated with a common mutation in the gene.

Hemochromatosis (HC) is a common inherited disorder of iron metabolism for which neither the gene nor biochemical defect have yet been identified. The aim of this study was to look for clinical evidence that the predominant ancestral haplotype in Australian patients is associated with a common mutation in the gene. We compared indices of iron metabolism and storage in three groups of HC patients categorized according to the presence of the ancestral haplotype (i.e., patients with two copies, one copy, and no copies of the ancestral haplotype). We also examined iron indices in two groups of HC heterozygotes (those with the ancestral haplotype and those without) and in age-matched controls. These analyses indicate that (i) HC patients with two copies of the ancestral haplotype show significantly more severe expression of the disorder than those with one copy or those without, (ii) HC heterozygotes have partial clinical expression, which may be influenced by the presence of the ancestral haplotype in females but not in males, and (iii) the high population frequency of the HC gene may be the result of the selective advantage conferred by protecting heterozygotes against iron deficiency.
Design and Implementation of Multiple-Vehicle Detection and Tracking Systems with Machine Learning

A vehicle detection system is realized in two stages: hypothesis generation (HG) and hypothesis verification (HV). HG adopts frame division and shadow detection to find possible candidates of vehicles within a plausible region of the image frame. Then, during HV, object ratio constraint is first used to eliminate unreasonable hypotheses. Afterward, based on the training results of the support vector machine (SVM) with the proposed vehicle feature extraction, the kernel function is found and employed in the classifier to find the real vehicles. Both pure software and combined software/hardware (SW/HW) implementations of the proposed vehicle detection system are presented where the combined SW/HW implementation can achieve correct detection rate of more than 90% in most test conditions.
An unsupervised eye blink artifact detection method for real-time electroencephalogram processing

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is easily contaminated by unwanted physiological artifacts, among which electrooculogram (EOG) artifacts due to eye blinking are known to be most dominant. The eye blink artifacts are reported to affect theta and alpha rhythms of frontal EEG signals, and hard to be accurately detected in an unsupervised way due to large individual variability. In this study, we propose a new method for detecting eye blink artifacts automatically in real time without using any labeled training data. The proposed method combined our previous method for detecting eye blink artifacts based on digital filters with an automatic thresholding algorithm. The proposed method was evaluated using EEG data acquired from 24 participants. Two conventional algorithms were implemented and their performances were compared with that of the proposed method. The main contributions of this study are (1) confirming that individual thresholding is necessary for artifact detection, (2) proposing a novel algorithm structure to detect blink artifacts in a real-time environment without any a priori knowledge, and (3) demonstrating that the length of training data can be minimized through the use of a real-time adaption procedure.
External fluctuations in a pattern-forming instability.

The effect of external fluctuations on the formation of spatial patterns is analyzed by means of a stochastic Swift-Hohenberg model with multiplicative space-correlated noise. Numerical simulations in two dimensions show a shift of the bifurcation point controlled by the intensity of the multiplicative noise. This shift takes place in the ordering direction (i.e., produces patterns), but its magnitude decreases with that of the noise correlation length. Analytical arguments are presented to explain these facts.
A Receptor-Like Kinase Mediates Ammonium Homeostasis and Is Important for the Polar Growth of Root Hairs in Arabidopsis[W]

Ammonium (NH4+) is an important nutrient and signal, but can be toxic in excess. Thus, cytoplasmic NH4+ levels must be intricately sensed and tightly controlled. This work identifies a modulator of NH4+ in the tonoplast, CAP1, a receptor-like kinase that mediates NH4+ homeostasis and regulates the polar growth of root hairs by maintaining tip-focused cytoplasmic Ca2+ gradients. Ammonium (NH4+) is both a necessary nutrient and an important signal in plants, but can be toxic in excess. Ammonium sensing and regulatory mechanisms in plant cells have not been fully elucidated. To decipher the complex network of NH4+ signaling, we analyzed [Ca2+]cyt-associated protein kinase (CAP) genes, which encode signaling components that undergo marked changes in transcription levels in response to various stressors. We demonstrated that CAP1, a tonoplast-localized receptor-like kinase, regulates root hair tip growth by maintaining cytoplasmic Ca2+ gradients. A CAP1 knockout mutant (cap1-1) produced elevated levels of cytoplasmic NH4+. Furthermore, root hair growth of cap1-1 was inhibited on Murashige and Skoog medium, but NH4+ depletion reestablished the Ca2+ gradient necessary for normal growth. The lower net NH4+ influx across the vacuolar membrane and relatively alkaline cytosolic pH of cap1-1 root hairs implied that mutation of CAP1 increased NH4+ accumulation in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, CAP1 functionally complemented the npr1 (nitrogen permease reactivator protein) kinase yeast mutant, which is defective in high-affinity NH4+ uptake via MEP2 (methylammonium permease 2), distinguishing CAP1 as a cytosolic modulator of NH4+ levels that participates in NH4+ homeostasis-regulated root hair growth by modulating tip-focused cytoplasmic Ca2+ gradients.
Getting Defect Prediction Into Industrial Practice: the ELFF Tool

Defect prediction has been the subject of a great deal of research over the last two decades. Despite this research it is increasingly clear that defect prediction has not transferred into industrial practice. One of the reasons defect prediction remains a largely academic activity is that there are no defect prediction tools that developers can use during their day-to-day development activities. In this paper we describe the defect prediction tool that we have developed for industrial use. Our ELFF tool seamlessly plugs into the IntelliJ IDE and enables developers to perform regular defect prediction on their Java code. We explain the state-of-art defect prediction that is encapsulated within the ELFF tool and describe our evaluation of ELFF in a large UK telecommunications company.
Rights, Resources, and the Social Memory of Struggle: Reflections on a Study of Indigenous and Black Community Land Rights on Nicaragua's Atlantic Coast

In early 1997, the three authors accepted a research contract, funded by the World Bank, to carry out a diagnostico (research and analysis) of the communal land claims of some 130 indigenous, Garifuna, and Afro-Nicaraguan communities on the Atlantic (Caribbean) Coast of Nicaragua. This essay makes the diagnostico itself the subject of analysis, summarizing the research results and examining their impact. After a brief overview of the role of land claims in the history of coast peoples, we present a summary of the research project’s conception, methodology, and principal findings. Two substantive analytical sections follow. One examines the contradictory positioning of this research—funded by the World Bank, administered by the state, yet conceived to advance the interests of community members who perceive the state as their long-term adversary. The second reflects on theoretical insights gained from this type of research, in which the very process of data collection transforms the object of inquiry, and i.
Multi-scale hierarchical structure prediction of helical transmembrane proteins

As the first step toward a multi-scale, hierarchical computational approach for membrane protein structure prediction, the packing of transmembrane helices was modeled at the residual and atomistic levels, respectively. For predictions at the residual level, the helix-helix and helix-lipid interactions were described by a set of knowledge-based energy functions. For predictions at the atomistic level, CHARMM19 force field was employed. To facilitate the system to overcome energy barriers, Wang-Landau sampling was carried out by performing a random walk in the energy and conformational spaces. Native-like structures were predicted at both levels for 2- and 7-helix systems. Interestingly, consistent results were obtained from simulations at residual and atomistic levels for the same system, strongly suggesting the feasibility of a hierarchical approach for membrane structure prediction.
Prevalence and spread of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli including ST131 in different patient populations in the Euroregion Meuse-Rhine.

AIM To investigate the prevalence and genetic background of Escherichia coli collected from different patient populations in the Euroregion Meuse-Rhine. MATERIALS & METHODS Susceptibility testing was performed on 1651 E. coli isolates with broth microdilution. Their genetic background was determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. RESULTS The prevalence of resistance varied significantly between the populations. Approximately 10% of the E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant and/or a β-lactamase producer. The most prevalent extended-spectrum β-lactamase type was CTX-M-15 and ST131 was the most prevalent multilocus sequence typing type. RESULTS from pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of the ST131 isolates indicate the spread of these isolates in the Euroregion. CONCLUSION E. coli ST131 was the most prevalent sequence type in our Euroregional study. It is essential to control the spread of these resistant strains (e.g., with infection-control policies, antibiotic stewardship programs and antibiotic resistance surveillance). In this way we could observe shifts in the prevalence of resistance of the E. coli population and act accordingly.
An Exploratory Approach for Benefits Management in e-Government: Insights from 48 Norwegian Government Funded Projects

Efforts to improve governance and government functions through the use of information technology continue to draw considerable parts of the budgets of government agencies. To meet public and political demands for increased visibility of effects of e- Government investments, there is a trend to extend existing practices of evaluation towards more holistic management practices, commonly referred to as benefits management. However, benefits management practices and effects of such practices are poorly documented. This paper presents a particular approach to benefits management that has been developed by the Norwegian government. The technique has been applied in 48 e-Government projects and this paper presents insights from the application of the technique and discusses its' strengths and weaknesses.
Tunable-Risk Sampling-Based Path Planning Using a Cost Hierarchy

We propose a new sampling-based path planning algorithm, the Optimal Minimum Risk Rapidly-Exploring Random Tree (MR-RRT*), that plans minimum risk paths in accordance with primary and secondary cost criteria. The primary cost criterion is a user-defined measure of accumulated risk, which may represent proximity to obstacles, exposure to threats, or similar. Risk is only penalized in areas of the configuration space where it exceeds a user-defined threshold, causing many graph nodes to achieve identical primary cost. The algorithm uses a secondary cost criterion to break ties in primary cost. The proposed method affords the user the flexibility to tune the relative importance of the alternate cost criteria, while adhering to the requirements for asymptotically optimal planning with respect to the primary cost.
Applying Random Indexing to Structured Data to Find Contextually Similar Words

Language resources extracted from structured data (e.g. Linked Open Data) have already been used in various scenarios to improve conventional Natural Language Processing techniques. The meanings of words and the relations between them are made more explicit in RDF graphs, in comparison to human-readable text, and hence have a great potential to improve legacy applications. In this paper, we describe an approach that can be used to extend or clarify the semantic meaning of a word by constructing a list of contextually related terms. Our approach is based on exploiting the structure inherent in an RDF graph and then applying the methods from statistical semantics, and in particular, Random Indexing, in order to discover contextually related terms. We evaluate our approach in the domain of life science using the dataset generated with the help of domain experts from a large pharmaceutical company (AstraZeneca). They were involved in two phases: firstly, to generate a set of keywords of interest to them, and secondly to judge the set of generated contextually similar words for each keyword of interest. We compare our proposed approach, exploiting the semantic graph, with the same method applied on the human readable text extracted from the graph.
Smartening the crowds: computational techniques for improving human verification to fight phishing scams

Phishing is an ongoing kind of semantic attack that tricks victims into inadvertently sharing sensitive information. In this paper, we explore novel techniques for combating the phishing problem using computational techniques to improve human effort. Using tasks posted to the Amazon Mechanical Turk human effort market, we measure the accuracy of minimally trained humans in identifying potential phish, and consider methods for best taking advantage of individual contributions. Furthermore, we present our experiments using clustering techniques and vote weighting to improve the results of human effort in fighting phishing. We found that these techniques could increase coverage over and were significantly faster than existing blacklists used today.
Why “Blow Out”? A Structural Analysis of the Movie Dialog Dataset

A long-term goal of machine learning is to build an intelligent dialogue agent that is capable of learning associations within data and using them to understand and answer questions and make relevant recommendations. The Facebook Movie Dialog Dataset (MDD) was recently proposed in Dodge et al. (2016) to evaluate the comparative performance of dialogue agent systems. However, a structural analysis of the data for the recommendation tasks suggests that there may be some ﬂaws in the design of the dataset.
Community Matters: Realistic Group Conflict Theory and the Impact of Diversity

We conducted two studies that bring communities into the study of organizational demographics. Reasoning from a realistic group conflict theory base, we predicted (1) negative white reactions to racial and ethnic diversity in organizations and (2) moderation of this relationship by whites' diversity experiences in their communities. Data from the National Organizations Study and an experiment supported our hypotheses. The closer whites lived to blacks (Study 1) and the more interethnic conflict the former perceived in their communities (Study 2), the more negatively they responded to diverse workplaces. Our discussion focuses on understanding organizations as reflections of their environments.