Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trauma and Adversity in the Lives of Children and Adolescents Attending a Mental Health Service

Although childhood trauma and family adversity can increase vulnerability to serious mental health problems, uncertainty exists about the nature and prevalence in a clinical population. This embedded research aims to establish the prevalence of trauma and adversity in young people seeking help from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). All children, adolescents, and their parents/guardian attending their initial assessment at a CAMHS service were invited to participate in the ‘Stressful Life and Family Difficulties study’ and a clinical interview. 162 families participated in the study. It was more common for young people to experience multiple adversities (three or more) in the last 12 months than single events. Mothers self-reported a greater number of family adversities than fathers. According to clinicians, the most frequent adversities experienced by young people were having a parent with a mental illness (66%), being bullied (63%) and parental divorce or separation (43%). Overall, clinicians reported that 69% of CAMHS clients had experienced a potentially traumatic experience (any physical, emotional or sexual abuse, child neglect or traumatic event). Moreover, young people with trauma histories were significantly more likely to have a parent with a history of trauma.
Image fusion for enhanced forest structural assessment

This research explores the potential benefits of fusing active and passive medium-resolution satellite-borne sensor data for forest structural assessment. Image fusion was applied as a means of retaining disparate data features relevant to modelling and mapping of forest structural attributes in even-aged (4–11 years) Eucalyptus plantations, located in the southern KwaZulu-Natal midlands of South Africa. Remote-sensing data used in this research included the visible and near-infrared bands of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), as well as a fine-beam (6.25 m resolution) Radarsat-1 image. Both datasets were collected during the spring of 2006 and fused using a modified discrete wavelet transformation. Spatially referenced forest-inventory data were also collected during this time, with 122 plots enumerated in 38 plantation compartments. Empirical relationships (ordinary and multiple regression) were used to test whether fused data sources produced superior statistical models. Secondary objectives of the article included exploring the roles of texture, derived from grey-level co-occurrence matrices, and scale in terms of forest modelling at the plot and extended plot levels (Voroni diagrams). Results indicate that single bands from both the optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) datasets were not adept at modelling basal area and merchantable timber volume with adjusted R 2 (coefficient of determination) values < 0.3. An optimized multiple-regression approach (adjusted R 2) improved results based on mean, range and standard deviation statistics when compared to single bands, but were still not suitable for operational forest applications (basal area: R 2 = 0.55, volume: R 2 = 0.59). No significant difference was found between fused and non-fused datasets; however, optical and fused datasets produced superior models when compared to SAR results. Investigations into potential benefits of using textural indices and varied scales also returned inconclusive results. Findings indicate that the spatial resolutions of both sensors are inappropriate for plantation forest assessment. The frequency of the C-band Radarsat-1 data is, for instance, unable to penetrate the canopy and interact with the woody structures below canopy, leading to weak statistical models. The lack of variability in both the optical and SAR data lead to unconvincing results in the fused imagery, where, in some cases, the adjusted R 2 results were worse than the single-dataset approach. It was concluded that future research should focus on high-spatial-resolution optical and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data and the development of automated and semi-automated forest-inventory procedures.
Verified low-level programming embedded in F*

We present Low*, a language for low-level programming and verification, and its application to high-assurance optimized cryptographic libraries. Low* is a shallow embedding of a small, sequential, well-behaved subset of C in F*, a dependently- typed variant of ML aimed at program verification. Departing from ML, Low* does not involve any garbage collection or implicit heap allocation; instead, it has a structured memory model à la CompCert, and it provides the control required for writing efficient low-level security-critical code. By virtue of typing, any Low* program is memory safe. In addition, the programmer can make full use of the verification power of F* to write high-level specifications and verify the functional correctness of Low* code using a combination of SMT automation and sophisticated manual proofs. At extraction time, specifications and proofs are erased, and the remaining code enjoys a predictable translation to C. We prove that this translation preserves semantics and side-channel resistance. We provide a new compiler back-end from Low* to C and, to evaluate our approach, we implement and verify various cryptographic algorithms, constructions, and tools for a total of about 28,000 lines of code. We show that our Low* code delivers performance competitive with existing (unverified) C cryptographic libraries, suggesting our approach may be applicable to larger-scale low-level software.
Mechanisms of pH Regulation in the Regulated Secretory Pathway*

A precise pH gradient between organelles of the regulated secretory pathway is required for sorting and processing of prohormones. We studied pH regulation in live endocrine cells by targeting biotin-based pH indicators to cellular organelles expressing avidin-chimera proteins. In AtT-20 cells, we found that steady-state pH decreased from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (pHER = 7.4 ± 0.2, mean ± S.D.) to Golgi (pHG = 6.2 ± 0.4) to mature secretory granules (MSGs) (pHMSG= 5.5 ± 0.4). Golgi and MSGs required active H+v-ATPases for acidification. ER, Golgi, and MSG steady-state pH values were also dependent upon the different H+ leak rates across each membrane. However, neither steady-state pHMSG nor rates of passive H+ leak were affected by Cl−-free solutions or valinomycin, indicating that MSG membrane potential was small and not a determinant of pHMSG. Therefore, our data do not support earlier suggestions that organelle acidification is primarily regulated by Cl− conductances. Measurements of H+ leak rates, buffer capacities, and estimates of surface areas and volumes of these organelles were applied to a mathematical model to determine the H+ permeability (P H+) of each organelle membrane. We found that P H+ decreased progressively from ER to Golgi to MSGs, and proper acidification of Golgi and MSGs required gradual decreases inP H+ and successive increases in the active H+ pump density.
Inflammation Enhances IL-2 Driven Differentiation of Cytolytic CD4 T Cells

Cytolytic CD4 T cells (CD4 CTL) have been identified in vivo in response to viral infections; however, the factors necessary for driving the cytolytic phenotype have not been fully elucidated. Our previously published work suggests IL-2 may be the master regulator of perforin-mediated cytotoxicity in CD4 effectors. To further dissect the role of IL-2 in CD4 CTL generation, T cell receptor transgenic mice deficient in the ability to produce IL-2 or the high affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2Rα, CD25) were used. Increasing concentrations of IL-2 were necessary to drive perforin (Prf) expression and maximal cytotoxicity. Granzyme B (GrB) expression and killing correlated with STAT5 activation and CD25 expression in vitro, suggesting that signaling through the high affinity IL-2R is critical for full cytotoxicity. IL-2 signaling was also necessary in vivo for inducing the Th1 phenotype and IFN-γ expression in CD4 T cells during influenza A (IAV) infection. In addition, GrB expression, as measured by mean fluorescent intensity, was decreased in CD25 deficient cells; however, the frequency of CD4 cells expressing GrB was unchanged. Similarly, analysis of cytolytic markers such as CD107a/b and Eomesodermin indicate high IL-2Rα expression is not necessary to drive the CD4 CTL phenotype during IAV infection. Thus, inflammatory signals induced by viral infection may overcome the need for strong IL-2 signals in driving cytotoxicity in CD4 cells.
Hybrid convolutional neural networks

Convolutional neural networks are known to outperform all other neural network models when classifying a wide variety of 2D-shapes. This type of networks supports a massively parallel extraction of low-level features in the processed images. Especially this characteristic is assumed to impact the performance of convolutional networks in character recognition tasks - and in particular when considering scaled, rotated, translated or otherwise deformed patterns. Yet training of convolutional networks is rather time-consuming due to the relatively high complexity of the entire model. To speed-up the training process, we will propose a new variant of convolutional networks - the so-called hybrid convolutional neural network (HCNN). HCNN-networks combine the original idea of LeCun's convolutional networks with the benefits of RBF-like neurons in all the layers and with the winner-takes- all mechanism applied during recall. In the tests done so far in hand-written digit recognition, HCNN proved to be capable of considerably speeding-up the training process while maintaining roughly the same performance of the trained networks like original convolutional networks.
Social Isolation and Social Problem Solving: A Longitudinal Study

The social problem-solving (SPS) abilities of children who were observed to interact infrequently with their peers were investigated in two studies. In Study 1 the stability of isolate and social behavior in kindergarten and Grade 1 was examined. The relations between the observed frequency of isolate and social play and SPS were computed. Isolate and social behaviors were found to be moderately stable from kindergarten to Grade 1. Moreover, both quantitative and qualitative indexes of SPS competence correlated (concurrently and predictively) in a negative direction with the observed frequency of isolate play and in a positive direction with social play. In Study 2 the relations between frequency of isolate and social play and naturalistic SPS skills were examined. The data revealed that nonassertive, compliant SPS strategies observed in kindergarten correlated concurrently, but moderately, with isolate play in kindergarten and predictively with isolate play in Grade 1.
Racial Preferences of a Thousand American University Students

Resume On a evalue quinze races, nationalities ou “groupes de culture semblable” par la methode des comparaisons mises en paires au point de vue de leur capacite de devenir des citoyens americains desirables. Les juges ont ete 1100 etudiants universitaires choisis parmi sept universites de differentes parties des Etats-Unis. On a compute des valeurs d'echelle pour chaque race a chaque universite. Les correlations de soi de valeurs d'echelle indique une Constance extremement elevee des evaluations. Des correlations entre elles-memes entre les valeurs d'echelle aux differentes universites indiquent une grande unanimite des opinions sur les 15 races. On a estime que ‘accord des opinions a ete environ 98 pour cent pour six universites et 76 pour cent pour la septieme. Les opinions des races prea des extremes de la rangee ont ete moins variables que celles pres du milieu. En general, moins la race est desirable, plus les opinions ont varie. On a suggere des methodes de mesurer l'hetero-geneite d'un groupe de j.
So Your Daughter Wants To Be a Drummer?

In all areas of life, young and old are affected by society's demands that both men and women be cast into fixed and constricting sex roles. This situation has often been maintained at great cost to the individual needs of members of both sexes, including musicians. In Libro del cortegiano of 1598, Baldassare Castiglione wrote, "Imagin with your selfe what an unsightly matter it were to see a woman play upon a tabour or drum, or blow in a flute or trumpet, or any like instrument: and this because the boisterousness of them doth
One Parent Families: A Social and Economic Profile.

This paper uses US census data to document the extent to which one parent families tend to have social and economic characteristics that compare unfavorably with those of 2 parent families. By most objective measurements the vast majority of one parent families hold a disadvantageous position in society relative to other family groups. They are characterized by a high rate of poverty a high percentage of minority representation relatively low education and a high rate of mobility. In short as a group they generally have little equity or stature in American society and constitute a group with unusually pressing social and economic needs. This paper demonstrates that the one parent experience is much more extensive than is ordinarily thought. 1 out of every 5 families with children under 18 years old in 1984 was a one parent family up from 1 of every 10 in 1970. There were 3.2 million one parent families in 1970 and 6.7 million in 1984. In 1984 88% of one parent families were mother-child families. Mother-child families are increasingly younger. The median age of mothers maintaining families alone dropped from 37.2 years in 1970 to 34.6 years in 1984--the same median age as that for mothers in two parent families in 1984. One of the ways in which fathers who maintain a family alone are much better situated than their female counterparts to realize economic security is their higher level of educational attainment. Men who maintain one parent families are much better situated economically than their female counterparts. The number of one parent families demonstrate that the magnitude of the problem of providing assistance to the families in need is great.
A General Model of Prion Strains and Their Pathogenicity

Prions are lethal mammalian pathogens composed of aggregated conformational isomers of a host-encoded glycoprotein and which appear to lack nucleic acids. Their unique biology, allied with the public-health risks posed by prion zoonoses such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, has focused much attention on the molecular basis of prion propagation and the “species barrier” that controls cross-species transmission. Both are intimately linked to understanding how multiple prion “strains” are encoded by a protein-only agent. The underlying mechanisms are clearly of much wider importance, and analogous protein-based inheritance mechanisms are recognized in yeast and fungi. Recent advances suggest that prions themselves are not directly neurotoxic, but rather their propagation involves production of toxic species, which may be uncoupled from infectivity.
Regulation of spinach chloroplast acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

We have investigated several factors which influence acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) activity in lysed spinach chloroplasts. (1) When assayed after rapid lysis of light-incubated chloroplasts, ACCase activity was 2-fold higher than activity from dark-incubated chloroplasts. Within 5 min after lysis, activity from dark-incubated chloroplasts increased, suggesting a transient inactivation or inhibition of ACCase in the dark. (2) When lysed chloroplast suspensions were incubated with 30 to 100 microM acetyl-CoA before starting assays, activity was 4-fold higher than if suspensions were not preincubated with acetyl-CoA. CoA, malonyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, and butyryl-CoA also activated ACCase. Full acetyl-CoA activation required MgATP and was essentially complete after 8 min. ACCase activity decreased upon removal of acetyl-CoA by gel filtration and was partially restored by readdition of acetyl-CoA. Thus, ACCase activation by acetyl-CoA was reversible. (3) Dithiothreitol and thioredoxin stimulated ACCase activity, but only in preparations where ACCase activity was low. (4) ACCase was assayed in concentrations of ATP, ADP, NADPH, NADP+, Mg2+, and CO2/HCO-3, which are estimated to occur in the stroma of chloroplasts under illumination or darkness. ACCase activity from lysed chloroplast suspensions was 10-fold higher when illuminated conditions were used. However, this activity was still 5-fold to 10-fold lower than the rates required to sustain known in vivo rates of fatty acid synthesis and in vitro rates achieved under optimum assay conditions with saturating substrates.
On the Integration of Real-time Asynchronous Event Handling Mechanisms with Existing Operating System Services

This paper presents an asynchronous event handling mechanism for real-time applications that leverages existing system services in COTS systems. In our implementation, event dispatching is initiated within bottom-half interrupt handling routines, in order to support predictable, safe, and efﬁcient event handling functionality at user-level. We compare our asynchronous I/O mechanism with existing user-level approaches, such as the GNU C library implementation of the AIO API and the Linux signal abstraction. Using a user-level sandboxing scheme for asynchronous event handling, results show that network receive events can be dispatched in less than 15 microseconds using commodity hardware components. We show that the proposed architecture signiﬁcantly outperforms the above mentioned user-level asynchronous I/O mechanisms and provides more ﬂexibility than available hard real-time extensions.
Leader's procedural justice affecting identification and trust

Purpose – This study aims to examine the effect of leader's use of procedural justice on followers' sense of organizational identification (OID), affect‐based trust and cognition‐based trust.Design/methodology/approach – A survey study was conducted to examine the relationship between the proposed constructs. Regression analysis was used to analyze the data.Findings – It was found that leaders enacting procedural justice positively affect OID and both types of trust. Further, only affect‐based trust (and not cognition‐based trust) mediated the relationship between procedural justice and OID.Research limitations/implications – The present findings reveal important new insights with respect to how procedural justice impacts upon followers' sense of OID. In fact, contrary to predictions based on theoretical reviews the results show that the cognitive concept of OID is mediated by an affective construct.Originality/value – The present research presents a perspective of looking at procedural justice as a tool .
Coronoid Process Fracture

Abstract The coronoid process is one of the main constraints providing ulnohumeral joint stability. The coronoid process and the radial head provide a buttress against posterior displacement of the elbow joint. Fracture of the coronoid process can be either an isolated finding following elbow dislocation or part of a more complex fracture‐dislocation. Much attention has been focused on treatment of radial head fractures and lateral ligament reconstruction, although recently, attention has been directed at detection and treatment of coronoid fractures. Surgical approaches to coronoid fractures depend on the condition of the radial head. When an associated radial head fracture is present, a lateral approach to the coronoid fracture is often performed. An isolated coronal fracture is typically approached from the medial side. Intraoperative stress testing may be helpful in assessing the need for surgery and choosing the surgical approach.
Micro-réseau intelligent pour la gestion des ressources énergétiques

La rarefaction des ressources energetiques fossiles, l’augmentation de la demande energetique mondiale ainsi que la necessite de reduire l’impact environnemental des emissions de gaz a effet de serre sont des enjeux majeurs. Pour y repondre, le developpement des energies renouvelables et la maitrise de la demande, notamment dans le secteur residentiel, gros consommateur d'energie, s’averent etre des solutions interessantes. Ainsi, des strategies intelligentes sont necessaires afin de gerer la production locale, de piloter son injection sur le reseau electrique et de maintenir l'equilibre entre offre et demande. Le but des travaux entrepris est de developper puis de valider, en simulation, une approche intelligente (predictive ou non) et multicritere de gestion energetique d’un micro-reseau, a l’echelle d’un habitat individuel equipe de systemes de production et de stockage. Cette strategie de gestion tient compte de l’etat du reseau electrique afin de minimiser l’impact de la production locale et de la consommation electrique. L’habitat individuel a ete modelise, ainsi que les systemes de production (des panneaux solaires photovoltaiques et une eolienne a axe vertical) et de stockage (des batteries). Par ailleurs, plusieurs criteres energetiques et economiques sont proposes pour evaluer le dimensionnement de ces systemes et la pertinence de la strategie proposee. Les resultats obtenus demontrent qu’il est possible d’obtenir des configurations interessantes permettant de promouvoir l’autoconsommation d'energie et d’optimiser l’injection et le soutirage au reseau electrique. Ainsi, une meilleure adequation entre offre et demande a pu etre obtenue.
Preserving Terminal Distances Using Minors

We introduce the following notion of compressing an undirected graph G with (nonnegative) edge-lengths and terminal vertices R⊆V(G). A distance-preserving minor is a minor G′ (of G) with possibly different edge-lengths, such that R⊆V(G′) and the shortest-path distance between every pair of terminals is exactly the same in G and in G′. We ask: what is the smallest f*(k) such that every graph G with k=|R| terminals admits a distance-preserving minor G′ with at most f*(k) vertices? Simple analysis shows that f*(k)≤O(k4). Our main result proves that f*(k)≥Ω(k2), significantly improving over the trivial f*(k)≥k. Our lower bound holds even for planar graphs G, in contrast to graphs G of constant treewidth, for which we prove that O(k) vertices suffice.
Semi-fragile Image Watermarking Using Zernike Moment and Fuzzy C-Means

In order to improve the detection of malicious tampering images, it is necessary to decrease the fragility of hidden watermarks, even for digital images which have been incidentally distorted. In this paper, we propose a new invariant semi-fragile digital watermarking technique based on eigenvalues and eigenvectors of real symmetric matrix generated by the four pixel pairs. A signature bit for detecting the malicious tampering of an image is generated using the dominant eigenvector. And the multi-rings Zernike transform (MRZT) is proposed to achieve geometric invariance based on the fuzzy C-means and Zernike moment. The MRZT method is to the geometric distortions even when the image is under malicious attacks. Experimental results show that this algorithm can resist high quality JPEG compression, and improve the detection performance of various malicious tampering.