Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two mutations linked to nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy cause use‐dependent potentiation of the nicotinic ACh response

1 We constructed rat homologues (S252F and +L264) of two human α4 nicotinic mutations ‐ α4(S248F) and α4(777ins3) ‐ that have been linked to autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) and co‐expressed them with wild‐type rat β2 subunits in Xenopus oocytes. 2 The S252F and +L264 mutations had three common effects on the ACh response. First, they caused use‐dependent potentiation of the response during a train of brief 100 nm ACh pulses. Second, they delayed the rise times of the 5–15 nm (+L264) and 30 nm (S252F) ACh responses. Third, they reduced extracellular Ca2+‐induced increases in the 30 μm ACh response. 3 Beside these shared effects, the S252F mutation also reduced the channel burst duration measured from voltage‐jump relaxations, enhanced steady‐state desensitization and reduced the single‐channel conductance. In contrast, the +L264 mutation prolonged the channel burst duration, did not affect desensitization and slightly increased single‐channel conductance. Neither mutation affected the number of surface receptors measured by antibody binding but the S252F mutation reduced the maximum ACh response. 4 The ACh concentration dependence of use‐dependent potentiation and the delay in the rising phase of the mutant ACh response suggest that these effects are caused by a slow unblocking of the closed mutant receptors. Use‐dependent potentiation of the mutant response during a series of high‐frequency cholinergic inputs to the presynaptic terminal could trigger ADNFLE seizures by suddenly increasing nicotinic‐mediated transmitter release.
Local Party Campaigning and Electoral Mobilization in Britain

Research on the effects of local election campaigning by party activists on electoral behavior has been confined almost entirely to the United States, where most findings suggest that there are significant effects. This note discusses reasons why such effects are also likely to exist, and may even be stronger, in Britain than in the United States. It then goes on to estimate models of the turnout and vote share for the Labour party in the 1987 general election in Britain. The results show that local campaigning by Labour party members had a significant influence on the Labour vote share in the 1987 election, but not on turnout. A model is developed using data from a national survey of Labour party members, together with a number of control variables to test relationships. The findings are similar to those by Huckfeldt and Sprague for gubernatorial and Senate elections in the United States.
Fuzzy programming based daily dispatch of power system with wind power

in recent years, with the rapid development of wind power, wind power plays an important role in the integrated grid. Uncertain output from wind generators might cause the dispatch of power system difficult. In this case, we applied a fuzzy variable to describe wind power. Then, we constructed a mathematical model for daily dispatch of a power system with wind power units. Following, we used uncertain programming theory and hybrid fuzzy genetic algorithm to solve. Using an example, we implemented numerical simulation. The results verified that the approach we proposed is feasible and optimal output for every unit for next day is gotten. In addition, we compared three dispatch schemes with regard to three satisfactory levels.
High-speed networking: a systematic approach to high-bandwidth low-latency communication

Summary form only given. The tutorial presents a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of high-speed networking, based on the book by J.P.G. Sterbenz and J.D. Touch ("High-Speed Networking: A Systematic Approach to High-Bandwidth Low-Latency Communication", John Wiley, 2001). The target audience includes computer scientists and engineers who may have expertise in a narrow aspect of high-speed networking, but want to gain a broader understanding of all aspects of high-speed networking and the impact that their designs have on overall network performance. The tutorial is not about any particular protocols and standards, but is rather a systemic and systematic approach to the principles that guide the research and design of high-speed networks, protocols, and applications. The tutorial presents a set of fundamental axioms, some major topics and a set of design principles that are defined and applied to each of the topics. A set of design techniques are introduced and applied as appropriate.
On the Driving Forces Behind Cyclical Movement, in Employment and Job Reallocation

We rely on a decomposition of employment changes into job creation and job destruction components - and a novel set of identifying restrictions that this decomposition permits - to develop new evidence about the driving forces behind aggregate fluctuations and the channels through which they operate. We implement our approach to identification using quarterly postwar U.S. data on oil shocks, monetary shocks, and manufacturing rates of job creation and destruction. Our analysis delivers many inferences: 1) The data favor a many- shock characterization of fluctuations in employment and job reallocation, 2) Theories of employment fluctuations that attribute a predominant role to aggregate shocks must in order to fit the data involve contemporaneous effects of such shocks on job destruction that are at least as large as the effects on job creation, 3) Theories in which aggregate shocks primarily affect the first moment of the cross-sectional density of employment growth imply that allocative shocks have bigger contemporaneous effects on destruction than on creation and, hence, that allocative shocks reduce aggregate employment, 4) Allocative shocks drive most fluctuations in the intensity of job reallocation, 5) Oil shocks drive employment fluctuations through a mixture of allocative and aggregate channels, 6) Monetary shocks trigger job creation and destruction dynamics that fit the profile of an aggregate shock.
Welfare Effects of Access to Water Service in Cambodia

From data collected by questionnaire survey of three communes in the Kandal province of Cambodia, where public water supply remains inaccessible, this study estimates the demand function for drinking water and finds that the price elasticity is between -0.26 and -0.29. Based on this, and given the price set by the Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority, expansion of service would increase per capita water consumption by 9.8 liters per day, increase consumer surplus by 4.6 percent of total expenditure and decrease the number of households surviving on less than 30 liters of water per day by 5.3 percent. A simulation is used to calculate the water price such that the benefit of water connection exceeds the cost.
Why internal conflict deteriorates state capacity? Evidence from Colombian municipalities

Previous work has documented a negative correlation between internal conflict and state capacity. We attempt to shed light on mechanisms that underlie this relationship, using data for Colombian municipalities. We rely on identifying heterogeneous effects of different types of violent events on state capacity, taking advantage of variability across municipalities in the prevalence of specific manifestations of conflict and their intensity. Our findings suggest that events making civilians feel targeted affect the state’s capacity to collect taxes, while those reflecting a stronger military capacity of illegal armies, in particular their large-scale attacks, affect the state’s capacity to provide public goods.
The global diversion of pharmaceutical drugs: opiate treatment and the diversion of pharmaceutical opiates: a clinician's perspective.

AIM To provide a clinician's perspective on the problem of diversion of prescribed pharmaceuticals. METHODS The paper provides a personal account of working in a treatment context where diversion from opioid substitution treatment (OST) became a political issue potentially compromising the continued delivery of OST. It summarizes evidence on the impact of diversion, and measures to contain it, from the United Kingdom 1986-2006, Australia 1996-2008 and the United States and France from the mid-1990s. RESULTS Opioid diversion to the black market occurs in proportion to the amount of opioids prescribed to be taken without supervision, and in inverse proportion to the availability of heroin. Diversion for OST programmes using supervision of dosing is less than diversion of opioids prescribed for pain, which is now a growing public health problem. Adverse consequences of diversion include opioid overdose fatalities, an increased incidence of addiction (particularly in jurisdictions where heroin is scarce) and compromising the public acceptance of long-term opioid prescribing. All long-term opioid prescribing requires monitoring of risk and appropriate dispensing arrangements--including dilution of methadone take-aways, supervision of administration for high-risk patients and random urine testing. Clinical guidelines influence practice, although prescribing often deviates from guidelines. CONCLUSION Clinical guidelines and clinical audit to enhance compliance with guidelines are helpful in maintaining the quality and integrity of the treatment system, and can contribute to keeping diversion within acceptable levels.
Mothers' Employment and Children's Educational Gender Gap

This paper analyzes the connection between two concurrent trends since 1950: the narrowing and reversal of the educational gender gap and the increased labor force participation rate (LFPR) of married women. We hypothesize that the education production for boys is more adversely affected by a decrease in the mother's time input as a result of increasing employment. Therefore, an increase in the labor force participation rate of married women may narrow and even reverse the educational gender gap in the following generation. We use micro data from the Norwegian registry to directly show that the mother's employment during her children's childhood has an asymmetric effect on the educational achievement of her own sons and daughters. We also document a positive correlation between the educational gender gap in a particular generation and the LFPR of married women in the previous generation at the U.S. state level. We then propose a model that generates a novel prediction about the implications of these asymmetric effects on the mothers' labor supply decisions and find supporting evidence in both the U.S. and Norwegian data.
Assessment of the role of 17β‐oestradiol in bone metabolism in men: does the assay technique matter? The MINOS study

objective 17β‐Oestradiol (17β‐E2), mainly its bioavailable fraction (bio‐17β‐E2), is a determinant of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone remodelling in men. As direct measurement of bio‐17β‐E2 is time‐consuming, we compared the value of directly measured bio‐17β‐E2 and of calculated bio‐17β‐E2 and free 17β‐E2 by studying their association with BMD and markers of bone turnover in a cohort of men (MINOS).
Economic Implications of Multiple Rates of Return in the Leveraged Lease Context

TRADITIONAL CAPITAL ASSET yield evaluations are developed primarily for situations in which a negative outlay is followed by a series of future positive inflows with a sum greater than the initial outflow. The problems relating to the evaluation of more complex situations involving losses before termination were observed by Lorie-Savage [71], and Solomon [13], as a paradox leading to dual rates of return. Teichroew, Robichek, and Montalbano [15, 16] explored the mathematical implications of multiple rates of return for projects with mixed characteristics and proposed a generalized analytical procedure for solution. ' The multiple rate of return problem usually occurs only in rare instances. A leveraged lease, however, is a mixed project which is no longer an unusual situation. Leveraged leasing is gaining an increased importance in the financial community. Many large banks, investment banking firms, leasing companies, and large corporations are engaging in it either as a source of funds, or as an investment. Unfortunately, the standard analysis calculates an internal rate of return for the general leveraged lease situation, which may not be consistent with the firm's cost of capital or yields on other investment opportunities. It is the purpose of this paper to explore the fundamental financial implications of the leveraged lease, demonstrate the inadequacies of the traditional computational techniques, and formulate a reliable method for the calculation of a meaningful yield on the participant's equity investment.
Simulation of biological cell sorting using a two-dimensional extended Potts model.

We simulate the sorting of a mixture of two types of biological cells using a modified version of the large-Q Potts model with differential adhesivity. We find long-distance cell movement leading to sorting with a logarithmic increase in the length scale of homogeneous clusters. Sorted clusters then round. We find two successive phases: A rapid boundary-driven creation of a low-cohesivity cell monolayer around the aggregate, and a slower boundary-independent internal rearrangement.
Price Discovery in American and British Property Markets

This paper examines the securitized (public) and unsecuritized (private) commercial property markets in the United States and the United Kingdom for evidence of price discovery. Appraisal-based returns are corrected for smoothing, without presupposing the true returns to be uncorrelated or unpredictable across time. Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITS) and property company returns are corrected for leverage. We find evidence that price discovery occurs in the securitized market structure in both countries, and that this price information does not fully transmit to the unsecuritized markets for a year or more. In Britain, the unsecuritized market appears to be more closely and immediately linked to the securitized market than is the case in the U.S.
Motivational and behavioural consequences of self-affirmation interventions: A study of sunscreen use among women

The reported study compared the efficacy of three self-affirmation manipulations in reducing defensive processing and instigating behaviour change in response to personally relevant information about the health risks of sunbathing. White female sunbathers (N = 162) were recruited on a beach in the south of England. Participants were randomly allocated to a ‘values affirmation’ condition, a ‘kindness affirmation’ condition, a ‘positive traits affirmation’ condition, or a no affirmation ‘control’ condition. In the ‘positive traits affirmation’ condition the self-affirmation task was incorporated into a leaflet presenting the health risk information. Findings supported the hypothesis that participants in the three self-affirmation conditions would engage in less-defensive processing of the health-risk information than those in the ‘control’ condition. For the behavioural measure, however, only those participants in the ‘positive traits affirmation’ condition were more likely to request a free sample of sunscreen than those in the control condition. The implications of these findings for self-affirmation theory and the development of effective health promotion campaigns are discussed.
The relational determinants of nonprofit Web site fundraising effectiveness: An exploratory study

In this article, we develop a framework for assessing the relational content of nonprofit Internet sites. We operationalize this as a series of eight relational constructs applicable to the context of Web site design and operation and explore the relationship between the presence of these dimensions and the fundraising performance of nonprofit Web sites. We conclude that accessibility, accountability, education, interaction, and empowerment are significantly correlated with the number of new donors a site is able to attract, and that accessibility, accountability, and education are also highly correlated with the total value of online donations offered. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Creation of a Database Including a Set of Biological Features Related to Protein Sequences and Their Corresponding Alignment

There are currently several biological databases related to proteins depending on the information we are interested to extract. Therefore, since a heterogeneous set of features will be needed (domains, structures, ontology terms, etc), several quite different databases should be consulted. The handling of different databases can become difficult, as each database could provide a different nomenclature for the same proteins. Anyway, these databases usually provides some mapping tools in order to determine the correspondence among the different nomenclatures used for the same protein. The main goal of this paper is to provide a biological database including a huge amount of protein information in order to be used for different purposes in bioinformatics. This database will be designed as a flexible and extensible tool and it could be extended and updated when new proteins are annotated or the included ones are modified.
A method of optimizing LDA result purity based on semantic similarity

The result purity of traditional LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) is uninterpretable because it is always difficult to summarize the meaning of each LDA result topic which contains multiple irrelevant words. To solve the problem, a method of optimizing LDA result purity based on semantic similarity in streaming news processing is proposed. In this method, the Category Cluster Density (CCD) of each topic is calculated first, and those topics with lower CCD value were dropped to optimize the overall LDA result purity. The news clustering experiment results show that the vague news can be removed effectively and the reserved topics are interpretable than traditional method, which can significant optimize the LDA result purity automatically.
Erythropoietin protects primary hippocampal neurons increasing the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor

Erythropoietin, the principal regulator of erythroids progenitor cells, also promotes neuronal survival. Using primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons, we investigated whether erythropoietin could mediate neuroprotection favouring the transcription of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Erythropoietin 2.7 nm reduced by ∼ 50% the neuronal death triggered by the prototypic neurotoxicant trimethyltin (TMT) and time‐dependently induced BDNF mRNA. This effect resulted in an increased production of biologically active BDNF, which led to a sustained activation of the specific BDNF receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB). Reduction of TMT‐induced neuronal death by erythropoietin was specifically prevented by a neutralizing anti‐BDNF antibody (15 µg/mL), indicating the involvement of this neurotrophin in erythropoietin neuroprotective effect. Intracerebroventricular administration of erythropoietin in mice significantly increases BDNF mRNA expression in brain, supporting the idea of the involvement of this neurotrophin in erythropoietin action within the CNS. BDNF expression in neuronal cells is induced by activation of voltage Ca2+‐channels and recruitment of Ca2+‐sensitive transcription factors. Consistently, 2.7 nm erythropoietin increased intracellular Ca2+ in 5 min and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation at Ser 133 in 30 min. Both effects were abolished by 1 µm nitrendipine, a selective blocker of L‐type voltage Ca2+‐channels. These data demonstrate that erythropoietin activates the CREB transcription pathway and increases BDNF expression and production, which contributes to erythropoietin mediated neuroprotection.
A Risk‐Dominant Allocation: Maximizing Coalition Stability

This paper presents a rule to allocate a coalition’s worth for superadditive games with positive externalities. The allocation rule awards each member their outside payoff, plus an equal share of the surplus. The resulting allocation maximizes coalition stability. Stable coalitions are Strong Nash equilibria since no subset of members has an incentive to leave. Similarly, no subset of non-members has an incentive to join a stable coalition if the game is concave in this region. The allocation is risk-dominant. All stable coalitions are robust to the maximum probability of 50% that players’ deviate from their individual best-responses. The paper compares the allocation to the Shapley value and the Nash bargaining solution, and illustrates why these traditional rules result in small coalitions when applied to issues such as international environmental agreements.
A horizontal fragmentation method based on data semantics

The need for distributed database systems increases day by day due to the need of running organizations from different locations. The efficiency and performance of distributed query processing depends on fragmentation and allocation method used. Usually, the fragmentation solutions are based on empirical data and analyzing query patterns. These methods can only be applied for the existing distributed databases and cannot be applied during initial database design. Also, most of the existing methods does not consider the semantics or relationships of the data being fragmented. Better fragments can be produced if data semantics are considered during fragmentation. Related data can be obtained from dataset using clustering technique. In this paper we propose a new horizontal fragmentation scheme based on clustering. Performance and time improvements are found while performing with clustered fragments.
In America's Thrall: The Effects of the Us Market and Us Security Characteristics on Australian Stock Returns

Can Australian equity returns be modelled by ‘home-grown’ factors? We examine the indigenous capital asset pricing model, the indigenous Fama–French three-factor model, and extensions to the latter, and find them all wanting. We find evidence of domestic market segmentation in Australia. For the smallest firms, all the models we study fail. For the largest Australian firms, we find that the US Fama–French three factors (downloaded from French's website: http://mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/pages/faculty/ken.french/) provide a successful model of Australian returns. It is as if the largest firms in the Australian market are simply part of the larger US market.
Exercise medicine for advanced prostate cancer

Purpose of review Exercise is a provocative medicine, known for its preventive, complimentary and rehabilitative role in the management of cancer. Impressively, exercise is also emerging as a synergistic and targeted medicine to enhance symptom control, modulate tumour biology and delay disease progression, with the potential to increase overall survival. Given the complex clinical presentation of advanced prostate cancer patients and their omnipresent comorbidities, this review describes the current and potential role of exercise medicine in advanced prostate cancer. Recent findings Exercise has been shown to be safe, feasible and effective for advanced prostate cancer patients, inclusive of patients with bone metastases; a previously excluded population due to patient and clinician fear of adverse events. Preclinical data provide insight into the ability of exercise to modulate cancer-specific outcomes, may synergistically increase the potency of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and may endogenously and/or mechanically suppress tumour formation, growth and invasion in visceral and skeletal tissue. Epidemiological studies have also shown an association between physical activity and increased survival. Summary Exercise oncology is rapidly evolving, with impressive possibilities that may directly improve patient outcomes in advanced prostate cancer. Research must focus on translating preclinical trials into human clinical trials and investigate the direct effect of exercise on overall survival.