Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Play to Improve Infant Sleep: A Mixed Methods Protocol to Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Play2Sleep Intervention

Background One in four Canadian families struggle with infant sleep disturbances. The aim of this study is to evaluate Play2Sleep in families of infants with sleep disturbances. In addition to parental education on infant sleep, Play2Sleep uses examples from a video-recorded, structured play session with mothers and fathers separately to provide feedback on parent–infant interactions and their infant’s sleep-related social cues. The quantitative phase will answer the research question: Does one dose of Play2Sleep delivered during a home visit with mothers and fathers of infants aged 5 months reduce night wakings at age 7 months? The qualitative phase will answer the research question: What are parental perceptions of family experiences, processes, and contexts related to Play2Sleep and infant sleep? The overarching mixed methods research question is as follows: How do parental perceptions of family experiences, processes, and contexts related to infant sleep explain the effectiveness of Play2Sleep? Method and analysis An explanatory sequential mixed methods design will be used. In the quantitative phase, a randomized controlled trial and RM-ANOVA will compare night wakings in infants whose parents receive Play2Sleep versus standard public health nursing information. Sixty English-speaking families (mothers and fathers) of full-term, healthy, singleton, 5-month-old infants who perceive that their infant has sleep disturbances will be recruited. The primary outcome measure will be change in the number of night wakings reported by parents. The qualitative component will use thematic analysis of family interviews to describe parental perceptions and experiences of infant sleep. Mixed methods integration will use qualitative findings to explain quantitative results. Discussion Play2Sleep is a novel approach that combines information about infant sleep with personalized feedback on parent–infant interactions and infant cues. Including fathers and mixed methods should capture complex family experiences of infant sleep disturbances and Play2Sleep. If effective, Play2Sleep has possible application for preventing infant sleep disturbance and tailoring for other populations. Clinical Trial Registration www.ClinicalTrials. gov, identifier: NCT02742155. Registered on 2016 April 23.
Contrasting abundance and residency patterns of two sympatric populations of transient killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the northern Gulf of Alaska

Two sympatric populations of “transient” (mammal-eating) killer whales were photo-identified over 27 years (1984–2010) in Prince William Sound and Kenai Fjords, coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Alaska (GOA). A total of 88 individuals were identified during 203 encounters with “AT1” transients (22 individuals) and 91 encounters with “GOA” transients (66 individuals). The median number of individuals identified annually was similar for both populations (AT1=7; GOA=8), but mark-recapture estimates showed the AT1 whales to have much higher fidelity to the study area, whereas the GOA whales had a higher exchange of individuals. Apparent survival estimates were generally high for both populations, but there was a significant reduction in the survival of AT1 transients after the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989, with an abrupt decline in estimated abundance from a high of 22 in 1989 to a low of seven whales at the end of 2010. There was no detectable decline in GOA population abundance or survival over the same period, but abundance ranged from just 6 to 18 whales annually. Resighting data from adjacent coastal waters and movement tracks from satellite tags further indicated that the GOA whales are part of a larger population with a more extensive range, whereas AT1 whales are resident to the study area.
Universitet Dose-response analysis using

Dose-response analysis can be carried out using multi-purpose commercial statistical software, but except for a few special cases the analysis easily becomes cumbersome as relevant, non-standard output requires manual programming. The extension package drc for the statistical environment R provides a flexible and versatile infrastructure for doseresponse analyses in general. The present version of the package, reflecting extensions and modifications over the last decade, provides a user-friendly interface to specify the model assumptions about the dose-response relationship and comes with a number of extractors for summarizing fitted models and carrying out inference on derived parameters. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of state-of-the-art dose-response analysis, both in terms of general concepts that have evolved and matured over the years and by means of concrete examples.
Ballistic impact performance of spaced multilayered and monolithic composite targets: Analytical and experimental studies

Ballistic impact performance of spaced multilayered and monolithic composite targets is presented based on propagation of stress wave and energy balance within the target and the impacting projectile. The energy dissipated by the impacting projectile gets absorbed by the composite target through several energy absorbing mechanisms. Specifically, studies are performed on spaced bilayered target separated by air gap and monolithic target having the same total thickness. Energy absorption due to several mechanisms, contact force, projectile velocity, projectile tip displacement, and kinetic energy of the projectile with respect to time are presented. Also, ballistic limit velocity (VBL) and total energy absorption of the target with respect to target thickness have been evaluated. Spaced bilayered composite targets have higher ballistic limit velocity compared to monolithic composite targets from total target thickness of 16–28 mm. Monolithic composite targets have higher ballistic limit velocity compared to spaced bilayered composite targets up to total target thickness of 16 mm and beyond target thickness of 28 mm. Experimental studies were performed for the validation of analytical results. The analytically predicted value of ballistic limit velocity matches well with the experimental value.
Factors Responsible for Combined Glucose Intolerance Developing into Isolated Post-challenge Hyperglycemia in Subjects with Impaired Fasting Glucose

1 Tao-Yuan Brach,Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan. 2 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan. 3 Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. 4 Department of Ophthalmology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su memorial Hospital, Shin-Lin District, Taipei, Taiwan.
A longitudinal analysis of the relationships among daytime dysfunction, fatigue, and depression in college students

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the longitudinal trajectory of daytime dysfunction (DD) and its relationship with fatigue by depression status in university students. Participants: 243 students completed online surveys from September- December 2016. Methods: Surveys were conducted at three time points over a semester period: the beginning of the semester, the end of mid-term and the end of the semester. Results: Results indicated that the DD significantly increased in all students over the semester. Students with depression showed a higher initial level of DD and faster rate of change compared to those without depression. A faster rate of change of DD predicted a higher level of end-semester fatigue. Conclusions: Depression is related to a higher initial level of DD and its faster rate change which in turn, predicted end-semester fatigue, identifying one of the possible pathways through which depression impacts the functioning and health of affected students.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SALT MARSHES TO NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT AND PREDATOR REMOVAL

Salt marsh ecosystems have been considered not susceptible to nitrogen overloading because early studies suggested that salt marshes adsorbed excess nutrients in plant growth. However, the possible effect of nutrient loading on species composition, and the combined effects of nutrients and altered species composition on structure and function, was largely ignored. Failure to understand interactions between nutrient loading and species composition may lead to severe underestimates of the impacts of stresses. We altered whole salt marsh ecosystems (;60 000 m 2 /treatment) by addition of nutrients in flooding waters and by reduction of a key predatory fish, the mummichog. We added nutrients (N and P; 15-fold increase over ambient conditions) directly to the flooding tide to mimic the way anthropogenic nutrients are delivered to marsh ecosystems. Despite the high concentrations (70 mmol N/L) achieved in the water column, our annual N loadings (15-60 g Nm � 2 � yr � 1 ) were an order of magnitude less than most plot-level fertilization experiments, yet we detected responses at several trophic levels. Preliminary calculations suggest that 30-40% of the added N was removed by the marsh during each tidal cycle. Creek bank Spartina alterniflora and high marsh S. patens production increased, but not stunted high marsh S. alterniflora. Microbial production increased in the fertilized creek bank S. alterniflora habitat where benthic microalgae also increased. We found top-down control of benthic microalgae by killifish, but only under nutrient addition and in the opposite direction (increase) than that predicted by a fish-invertebrate-microalgae trophic cascade. Surprisingly, infauna declined in abundance during the first season of fertilization and with fish removal. Our results demonstrate ecological effects of both nutrient addition and mummichog reduction at the whole-system level, including evidence for synergistic interactions.
Arabic Named Entity Recognition using Word Representations

Recent work has shown the effectiveness of the word representations features in significantly improving supervised NER for the English language. In this study we investigate whether word representations can also boost supervised NER in Arabic. We use word representations as additional features in a Conditional Random Field (CRF) model and we systematically compare three popular neural word embedding algorithms (SKIP-gram, CBOW and GloVe) and six different approaches for integrating word representations into NER system. Experimental results show that Brown Clustering achieves the best performance among the six approaches. Concerning the word embedding features, the clustering embedding features outperform other embedding features and the distributional prototypes produce the second best result. Moreover, the combination of Brown clusters and word embedding features provides additional improvement of nearly 10% in F1-score over the baseline.
Representing flexible endoscope shapes with hermite splines

Navigation of a flexible endoscope is a challenging surgical task: the shape of the end effector of the endoscope, interacting with surrounding tissues, determine the surgical path along which the endoscope is pushed. We present a navigational system that visualized the shape of the flexible endoscope tube to assist gastrointestinal surgeons in performing Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES). The system used an electromagnetic positional tracker, a catheter embedded with multiple electromagnetic sensors, and graphical user interface for visualization. Hermite splines were used to interpret the position and direction outputs of the endoscope sensors. We conducted NOTES experiments on live swine involving 6 gastrointestinal and 6 general surgeons. Participants who used the device first were 14.2% faster than when not using the device. Participants who used the device second were 33.6% faster than the first session. The trend suggests that spline-based visualization is a promising adjunct during NOTES procedures.
Exploring the Potential of Intractable Parsers

We revisit the idea of history-based parsing, and present a history-based parsing framework that strives to be simple, general, and flexible. We also provide a decoder for this probability model that is linear-space, optimal, and anytime. A parser based on this framework, when evaluated on Section 23 of the Penn Tree-bank, compares favorably with other state-of-the-art approaches, in terms of both accuracy and speed.
Outcomes of Early Liver Transplantation for Patients With Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS The American Consortium of Early Liver Transplantation for Alcoholic Hepatitis comprises 12 centers from 8 United Network for Organ Sharing regions studying early liver transplantation (LT) (without mandated period of sobriety) for patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH). We analyzed the outcomes of these patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of consecutive patients with a diagnosis of severe AH and no prior diagnosis of liver disease or episodes of AH, who underwent LT before 6 months of abstinence from 2006 through 2017 at 12 centers. We collected data on baseline characteristics, psychosocial profiles, level of alcohol consumption before LT, disease course and treatment, and outcomes of LT. The interval of alcohol abstinence was defined as the time between last drink and the date of LT. The primary outcomes were survival and alcohol use after LT, defined as slip or sustained. RESULTS Among 147 patients with AH who received liver transplants, the median duration of abstinence before LT was 55 days; 54% received corticosteroids for AH and the patients had a median Lille score of 0.82 and a median Sodium Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score of 39. Cumulative patient survival percentages after LT were 94% at 1 year (95% confidence interval [CI], 89%-97%) and 84% at 3 years (95% CI, 75%-90%). Following hospital discharge after LT, 72% were abstinent, 18% had slips, and 11% had sustained alcohol use. The cumulative incidence of any alcohol use was 25% at 1 year (95% CI, 18%-34%) and 34% at 3 years (95% CI, 25%-44%) after LT. The cumulative incidence of sustained alcohol use was 10% at 1 year (95% CI, 6%-18%) and 17% at 3 years (95% CI, 10%-27%) after LT. In multivariable analysis, only younger age was associated with alcohol following LT (P = .01). Sustained alcohol use after LT was associated with increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 4.59; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS In a retrospective analysis of 147 patients who underwent early LT (before 6 months of abstinence) for severe AH, we found that most patients survive for 1 year (94%) and 3 years (84%), similar to patients receiving liver transplants for other indications. Sustained alcohol use after LT was infrequent but associated with increased mortality. Our findings support the selective use of LT as a treatment for severe AH. Prospective studies are needed to optimize selection criteria, management of patients after LT, and long-term outcomes.
Relation between blood and atrial fatty acids in patients undergoing cardiac bypass surgery 1 – 3

Background: Studies relating cardiovascular outcomes to dietary or blood measures of various fatty acids rely on the implicit assumptions that dietary change results in changes in blood fatty acids that, in turn, alter cardiac fatty acids. Although dietary intakes of n23 (omega-3), n26 (omega-6), and trans fatty acids are reflected in their concentrations in blood, there are few human data on the relation between blood and cardiac concentrations of fatty acids. Objective: The objective was to explore relations between blood and myocardial n23, n26, trans, monosaturated, and saturated fatty acids over a range of community intakes to evaluate whether blood fatty acids are useful surrogate markers of their cardiac counterparts. Design: Patients undergoing on-pump coronary bypass surgery were recruited. Right atrial appendages and blood were collected at surgery for fatty acid analysis. Results: Atrial appendages and matching blood samples were collected from 61 patients. Highly significant correlations were identified between atrial and erythrocyte or plasma n23 [eg, eicosapentaenoic acid (erythrocytes: r = 0.93, P , 0.0001; plasma: r = 0.87, P , 0.0001)], some n26 [eg, arachidonic acid (erythrocytes: r = 0.45, P = 0.0003; plasma: r = 0.39, P = 0.002)], trans [eg, total trans 18:1 (erythrocytes: r = 0.89, P , 0.0001; plasma: r = 0.74, P , 0.0001)], and monounsaturated [eg, oleic acid (erythrocytes: r = 0.37, P = 0.003)] fatty acids. There were no statistical associations between blood and cardiac saturated fatty acids. Conclusion: Erythrocyteand plasma phospholipid–derived fatty acids can be used to estimate cardiac fatty acid status in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:528–34.
Enhancing Indoor Smartphone Location Acquisition Using Floor Plans

Indoor localization systems typically determine a position using either ranging measurements, inertial sensors, environmental-specific signatures or some combination of all of these methods. Given a floor plan, inertial and signature-based systems can converge on accurate locations by slowly pruning away inconsistent states as a user walks through the space. In contrast, range-based systems are capable of instantly acquiring locations, but they rely on densely deployed beacons and suffer from inaccurate range measurements given non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signals. In order to get the best of both worlds, we present an approach that systematically exploits the geometry information derived from building floor plans to directly improve location acquisition in range-based systems. Our solving approach can disambiguate multiple feasible locations taking into account a mix of LOS and NLOS hypotheses to accurately localize with significantly fewer beacons. We demonstrate our geometry-aware solving approach using a new ultrasonic beacon platform that is able to perform direct time-of-flight ranges on commodity smartphones. The platform uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for time synchronization and ultrasound for measuring propagation distance. We evaluate our system's accuracy with multiple deployments in a university campus and show that our approach shifts the 80% accuracy point from 4-8m to 1m as compared to solvers that do not use the floor plan information. We are able to detect and remove NLOS signals with 91.5% accuracy.
Meat intake and mortality: a prospective study of over half a million people.

BACKGROUND High intakes of red or processed meat may increase the risk of mortality. Our objective was to determine the relations of red, white, and processed meat intakes to risk for total and cause-specific mortality. METHODS The study population included the National Institutes of Health-AARP (formerly known as the American Association of Retired Persons) Diet and Health Study cohort of half a million people aged 50 to 71 years at baseline. Meat intake was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) within quintiles of meat intake. The covariates included in the models were age, education, marital status, family history of cancer (yes/no) (cancer mortality only), race, body mass index, 31-level smoking history, physical activity, energy intake, alcohol intake, vitamin supplement use, fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, and menopausal hormone therapy among women. Main outcome measures included total mortality and deaths due to cancer, cardiovascular disease, injuries and sudden deaths, and all other causes. RESULTS There were 47 976 male deaths and 23 276 female deaths during 10 years of follow-up. Men and women in the highest vs lowest quintile of red (HR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.27-1.35], and HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.30-1.43], respectively) and processed meat (HR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.12-1.20], and HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.20-1.31], respectively) intakes had elevated risks for overall mortality. Regarding cause-specific mortality, men and women had elevated risks for cancer mortality for red (HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.16-1.29], and HR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.12-1.30], respectively) and processed meat (HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.06-1.19], and HR, 1.11 [95% CI 1.04-1.19], respectively) intakes. Furthermore, cardiovascular disease risk was elevated for men and women in the highest quintile of red (HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.20-1.35], and HR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.37-1.65], respectively) and processed meat (HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.03-1.15], and HR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.26-1.51], respectively) intakes. When comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of white meat intake, there was an inverse association for total mortality and cancer mortality, as well as all other deaths for both men and women. CONCLUSION Red and processed meat intakes were associated with modest increases in total mortality, cancer mortality, and cardiovascular disease mortality.
The 3 omega Scanning Thermal Microscope

We present the theoretical and experimental calibrations of a scanning thermal microscope (SThM) based on a hot anemometer wire probe. Under ac heating and due to the linear dependence of the probe electrical resistance to temperature, the third harmonic of the tip voltage is also linear to the temperature. This method called "3-omega" is currently used to estimate the thermal properties with a hot strip deposited on the sample surface. However, in this last technique, the sensor size allows one to reach the sample transient thermal behavior whereas the SThM tip does not. We propose a thermal model showing what information can in fact be obtained by using the microscope under the 3 omega mode. We finally report an experimental calibration providing the tip/sample contact thermal parameters
Automatic measurement of cup to disc ratio based on line profile analysis in retinal images

Retinal image examination is useful for early detection of glaucoma, which is a leading cause of permanent blindness. In order to evaluate the presence of glaucoma, ophthalmologists may determine the cup and disc areas and diagnose glaucoma using a vertical cup-to-disc ratio. However, determination of the cup area based on computation algorithm is very difficult, thus we propose a method to measure the cup-to-disc ratio using a vertical profile on the optic disc. The edge of optic disc was then detected by use of a Canny edge detection filter. The profile was then obtained around the center of the optic disc. Subsequently, the edges of the cup area were determined by classification of the profiles based on zero-crossing method. Lastly, the vertical cup-to-disc ratio was calculated. Using forty five images, including twenty three glaucoma images, the AUC of 0.947 was achieved with this method.
Venting Out: Exports During a Domestic Slump

We study the relationship between domestic-demand shocks and exports using data for Spanish manufacturing firms in 2002–2013. Exploiting plausibly exogenous geographical variation caused by the Great Recession, we find that firms whose domestic sales declined by more experienced a larger increase in export flows, controlling for firms’ supply determinants. This result illustrates the capacity of export markets to counteract the negative impact of local demand shocks. By structurally estimating a heterogeneous-firm model of exporting with nonconstant marginal costs of production, we conclude that these firm-level responses accounted for half of the spectacular increase in Spanish goods exports over the period 2009–2013. (JEL D22, E32, F14, L60)