Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The View from Above and Below: The Effects of Power Symmetries and Interdependence on Conflict Dynamics & Outcomes

Amidst the vast literature on social conflict, there are a few basic theoretical models that have helped advance the understanding and practice of constructive conflict resolution. Among these, one of the most important and influential is Deutsch's theory of conflict resolution (1973, 2006). Based on his earlier work on cooperation and competition in groups (Deutsch, 1949a, 1949b), it specified the basic conditions and processes involved in constructive versus destructive conflict. However, the original formulation of the theory assumed equal power of the parties in conflict (Johnson and Johnson, 2005). Thus, the dynamics and outcomes observed in a majority of the empirical studies supporting the theory occurred under conditions of relatively equal power between the parties. The assumption of equal power therefore constrains both the theoretical scope and practical implications of the theory. Although there have been important advances in research on the dynamics of asymmetries of power and conflict (see Blalock, 1989; Deutsch, 1973; Kim, Pinkley, and Fragale, 2005; Rouhana and Fiske, 1995; Rubin and Brown, 1975; Tjosvold, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991; Tjosvold, Coleman and Sun, 2003; Zartman and Rubin, 2002), the findings in this area have been replete with contradictions and have resulted in a good deal of conceptual confusion (Zartman and Rubin, 2002). This paper will present three studies investigating a new social-psychological model of the dynamics of power and conflict. The model builds on the works of Lewin (1951), Deutsch (1949a, 1949b, 1973, 1982, 1985), and Kelly and Thibaut (Thibaut and Kelly, 1959; Kelly and Thibaut, 1978; Kelly, 1979, 1984, 1991) on interdependence, and of McClelland (1975) on social power. The three studies presented in this paper will include: 1) an exploratory study of survey data on how conflict behaviors differ when negotiating across different levels of power, 2) qualitative research with focus groups exploring the implications of differences in power and interdependence for conflict rules and behaviors, and 3) an experimental study that will test hypotheses derived from the theoretical model. This paper will have three sections: (1) a summary of the main principles and limitations of Deutsch's theory of conflict resolution, (2) a presentation of the main propositions of the model of power and conflict, and (3) a discussion of the implications of the research for future work in the area.
Föräldraledighet som en kompetensutvecklande period i livet

The aim of the study was to examine whether parental leave can serve as capacitating period in life. More specifically our aim was to get a deeper comprehension of the abilities and competencies developed through parental leave and how these can be of use to the individual when at work. 12 semistructured interviews were conducted with employees from a large organization in the south of Sweden. The results were analyzed using a hermeneutic approach. The results of the study show that competencies and abilities such as effectiveness, organizing, multitasking, leader abilities, communication, sensitivity, limiting skills, mindfulness, acceptance, self-confidence and life balance were enhanced during parental leave. However, it was often rather difficult to assess whether a competency or ability was developed through the parental leave as such or through parenthood in general.
Using Probability Theory to Identify the Unsure Value of an Incomplete Sentence

Most of the existing techniques on relation extraction focus on extracting relation between subject, predicate and object in a single sentence. However, these techniques unable to handle the situation when the text has sentences that are incomplete: either does not have or unclear subject or object in sentence (i.e. "unsure" value). Thus this does not properly represent the domain text. This paper proposes an approach to predict and identify the unsure value to complete the sentences in the domain text. The proposed approach is based on the probability theory to identify terms (i.e., subject or object) that are more likely to replace the "unsure" value. We use voting machine domain text as a case study.
Sketch of an ontology underlying the way we talk about the world

Abstract A general structure is proposed for an underlying conceptualization of the world that is particularly well suited to language understanding. It consists of a set of core theories of a very abstract character. Some of the most important of these are discussed, in particular, core theories that explicate the concepts of systems and the figure-ground relation, scales, change, causality, and goal-directed behavior. These theories are too abstract to impose many constraints on the entities and situations they are applied to; rather their main purpose is to provide the basis for a rich vocabulary for talking about entities and situations. The fact that the core theories apply so widely means that they provide a great many domains of discourse with a rich vocabulary.
Construction Algorithm pool Knowledge Bases Temp Result Network Database Full-text Index Storage Data Visualization Network Analysis Engine Query Interpreter User Query User LINECaseOLAP Network Analysis Algorithm pool 1

Search engines running on scientific literature have been widely used by life scientists to find publications related to their research. However, existing search engines in the life-science domain, such as PubMed, have limitations when applied to exploring and analyzing factual knowledge (e.g., disease-gene associations) in massive text corpora. These limitations are mainly due to the problems that factual information exists as an unstructured form in text, and also keyword and MeSH term-based queries cannot effectively imply semantic relations between entities. This demo paper presents the Life-iNet system to address the limitations in existing search engines on facilitating life sciences research. Life-iNet automatically constructs structured networks of factual knowledge from large amounts of background documents, to support efficient exploration of structured factual knowledge in the unstructured literature. It also provides functionalities for finding distinctive entities for given entity types, and generating hypothetical facts to assist literaturebased knowledge discovery (e.g., drug target prediction).
Use of pressure-redistributing support surfaces among elderly hip fracture patients across the continuum of care: adherence to pressure ulcer prevention guidelines.

PURPOSE To estimate the frequency of use of pressure-redistributing support surfaces (PRSS) among hip fracture patients and to determine whether higher pressure ulcer risk is associated with greater PRSS use. DESIGN AND METHODS Patients (n = 658) aged >or=65 years who had surgery for hip fracture were examined by research nurses at baseline and on alternating days for 21 days. Information on PRSS use and pressure ulcer risk factors was recorded at each assessment visit. Other information was obtained by interview and chart review. RESULTS A PRSS was observed at 36.4% of the 5,940 study visits. The odds of PRSS use were lower in the rehabilitation setting (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3-0.6), in the nursing home (adjusted OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.3), and during readmission to the acute setting (adjusted OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9) than in the initial acute setting. There was wide variation in frequency of PRSS use by admission hospital, even after adjusting for pressure ulcer risk factors. The relationships between PRSS use and pressure ulcer risk factors were not strong. IMPLICATIONS In this study of hip fracture patients, adherence to guidelines for PRSS use was low and was based more on facility-related factors than on patient risk. There is an urgent need for health care providers to improve strategies for the prevention of pressure ulcers in high-risk patients.
Conversation: From Description to Pedagogy: Teaching conversation: Approach, design, procedure and process

Introduction In the previous chapter we traced the history of the teaching of conversation up to the present day. In this history several key themes have surfaced repeatedly. For a start, the term conversation has been used at one time or another to embrace everything from controlled oral practice to uncontrolled chat, and the finer distinctions between dialogue, discussion, debate, free speaking, role play and casual conversation have been consistently blurred. As we attempted to show in Chapters 1 to 5, while conversation as a form of spoken language can incorporate a range of sub-genres, it can nevertheless be fairly narrowly defined in terms both of its purposes and of its characteristic features. As awareness of these purposes and features has grown, it has become no longer viable simply to treat conversation as synonymous with speaking. Even when the term is used more precisely – to mean something like ‘informal talk among friends’ – conversation has for the most part been treated as a curricular ‘add-on’. At times, in fact, it has been actively discouraged in classrooms. Only sporadically has it been highly prioritized, either as a primary learning objective, or, even, as the means by which language learning itself might best be achieved. In this chapter we outline, in broad strokes, the pedagogical options available to teachers who have chosen to include the teaching of conversation as a curricular objective. The strokes are necessarily broad because no single approach to teaching conversation will be appropriate or even practicable in all teaching situations. Different configurations of context factors will determine the ultimate design and implementation of the program.
Input variable selection for neural networks: application to predicting the U.S. business cycle

Selecting a "best subset" of input variables is a critical issue in forecasting. This is especially true when the number of available input series is large, and an exhaustive search through all combinations of variables is computationally infeasible. Inclusion of irrelevant variables not only doesn't help prediction, but can reduce forecasting accuracy through added noise or systematic bias. We demonstrate a technique called "sensitivity-based pruning" (SBP) that removes irrelevant input variables from a nonlinear forecasting or regression model. The technique makes use of a saliency measure computed for each input variable and uses estimates of prediction risk for determining the number of input variables to prune. We present preliminary results of the SBP technique applied to neural network predictors of a key business cycle measure, the US Index of Industrial Production.
Collaborative Nowcasting for Contextual Recommendation

Mobile digital assistants such as Microsoft Cortana and Google Now currently offer appealing proactive experiences to users, which aim to deliver the right information at the right time. To achieve this goal, it is crucial to precisely predict users' real-time intent. Intent is closely related to context, which includes not only the spatial-temporal information but also users' current activities that can be sensed by mobile devices. The relationship between intent and context is highly dynamic and exhibits chaotic sequential correlation. The context itself is often sparse and heterogeneous. The dynamics and co-movement among contextual signals are also elusive and complicated. Traditional recommendation models cannot directly apply to proactive experiences because they fail to tackle the above challenges. Inspired by the nowcasting practice in meteorology and macroeconomics, we propose an innovative collaborative nowcasting model to effectively resolve these challenges. The proposed model successfully addresses sparsity and heterogeneity of contextual signals. It also effectively models the convoluted correlation within contextual signals and between context and intent. Specifically, the model first extracts collaborative latent factors, which summarize shared temporal structural patterns in contextual signals, and then exploits the collaborative Kalman Filter to generate serially correlated personalized latent factors, which are utilized to monitor each user's real-time intent. Extensive experiments with real-world data sets from a commercial digital assistant demonstrate the effectiveness of the collaborative nowcasting model. The studied problem and model provide inspiring implications for new paradigms of recommendations on mobile intelligent devices.
Worst-Case Robust MIMO Transmission With Imperfect Channel Knowledge

In this paper, we consider robust transmit strategies, against the imperfectness of the channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT), for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication systems. Following a worst-case deterministic model, the actual channel is assumed to be inside an ellipsoid centered at a nominal channel. The objective is to maximize the worst-case received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or to minimize the worst-case Chernoff bound of the error probability, thus leading to a maximin problem. Moreover, we also consider the QoS problem, as a complement of the maximin design, which minimizes the transmit power consumption and meanwhile keeps the received SNR above a given threshold for any channel realization in the ellipsoid. It is shown that, for a general class of power constraints, both the maximin and QoS problems can be equivalently transformed into convex problems, or even further into semidefinite programs (SDPs), thus efficiently solvable by the numerical methods. The most interesting result is that the optimal transmit directions, i.e., the eigenvectors of the transmit covariance, are just the right singular vectors of the nominal channel under some mild conditions. This result leads to a channel-diagonalizing structure, as in the cases of perfect CSIT and statistical CSIT with mean or covariance feedback, and reduces the complicated matrix-valued problem to a scalar power allocation problem. Then we provide the closed-form solution to the resulting power allocation problem.
Jordanian baccalaureate nursing students' perception of their learning styles.

AIM The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine Jordanian nursing students' perception of their learning styles. METHOD All nursing students enrolled in four universities offering a baccalaureate degree in nursing at the time of the research project (n = 420) were approached. A structured self-administered questionnaire (Autonomous Learner Index) developed by the researchers was used for data collection. The questionnaire was pilot tested on a sample of nursing students who were not included in the study. The tool was reliable with an alpha coefficient of 0.89. FINDINGS The majority of Jordanian nursing students perceived themselves as independent learners. The vast majority of students indicated that they have a desire to learn new things, are curious to learn, and can identify their goal independently. However, a low percentage of students indicated having good study skills, ability to concentrate while studying and using their study time efficiently. The two-tailed t-test indicated no significant differences at alpha 0.05 levels between students' learning preferences and the selected demographic variables. CONCLUSION Based on the study findings, it is suggested that nurse educators should provide positive reinforcement of students' active involvement in the learning process, which will stimulate continued self-direction. Moreover, courses on study skills, writing skills, and literature searching skills should be introduced early in nursing curricula.
Quantized embeddings of scale-invariant image features for mobile augmented reality

Randomized embeddings of scale-invariant image features are proposed for retrieval of object-specific meta data in an augmented reality application. The method extracts scale invariant features from a query image, computes a small number of quantized random projections of these features, and sends them to a database server. The server performs a nearest neighbor search in the space of the random projections and returns meta-data corresponding to the query image. Prior work has shown that binary embeddings of image features enable efficient image retrieval. This paper generalizes the prior art by characterizing the tradeoff between the number of random projections and the number of bits used to represent each projection. The theoretical results suggest a bit allocation scheme under a total bit rate constraint: It is often advisable to spend bits on a small number of finely quantized random measurements rather than on a large number of coarsely quantized random measurements. This theoretical result is corroborated via experimental study of the above tradeoff using the ZuBuD database. The proposed scheme achieves a retrieval accuracy up to 94% while requiring the mobile device to transmit only 2.5 kB to the database server, a significant improvement over 1-bit quantization schemes reported in prior art.
Insulin-like growth factor-1 and its receptor mediate the autocrine proliferation of human ovarian carcinoma cell lines.

BACKGROUND IGF-1 regulates the growth of diverse mammalian cell types including several human carcinoma cell lines. The IGF-1 receptor is a glycosylated heterodimer which, upon binding with IGF-1, undergoes tyrosine autophosphorylation. The autophosphorylation of the beta-receptor subunit is a strict requirement for its mitogenic properties. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, we have assessed the role of the IGF-1 receptor in the proliferation of ovarian carcinoma cell lines in culture. Effects of anti-sense and sense oligodeoxynucleotides to IGF-1 receptor RNA were tested. RESULTS The human ovarian carcinoma cell lines OVCAR-3 and CaOV-3 both grew autonomously in serum-free medium, and their growth was further stimulated by the addition of IGF-1. Incubation of cells with anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotides corresponding to the IGF-1 receptor RNA markedly inhibited cell proliferation both in serum-free medium and in the presence of IGF-1. The inhibition of cell growth by the oligodeoxynucleotides corresponded to a reduction in the amount of detectable phosphorylated IGF-1 receptor. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that IGF-1 and its specific receptor mediate the autocrine proliferation of human ovarian carcinoma cell lines.
Detection of Changes in Surgical Difficulty

Background. Assessing the workload of surgeons requires technology to continuously monitor surgeons’ behaviors without interfering with their performance. We investigated the feasibility of using eye-tracking to reveal surgeons’ response to increasing task difficulty. Methods. A controlled study was conducted in a simulated operating room, where 14 subjects were required to perform a laparoscopic procedure that includes 9 subtasks. The subtasks could be divided into 3 types with different levels of task difficulty, calculated by the index of task difficulty (ID) proposed by Fitts in 1954. Pupillary responses of subjects in performing the procedure were recorded using Tobii eye-tracking equipment. Peak pupil dilation and movement time were compared between subtasks with different IDs as well as between fast moving and slow aiming phases within each subtask. Results. When the task difficulty was increased, task completion time increased. Meanwhile, the subjects’ peak pupil size also increased. As the entire procedure was performed continuously, we found that pupil responses were not only affected by the ID in the current subtask but also influenced by subtasks before and after. Discussion. Decomposing a surgical procedure into meaningful subtasks and examining the surgeon’s pupil response to each subtask enables us to identify the challenging steps within a continuous surgical procedure. Psychomotor evidence on surgeon’s performance may lead to an innovation for designing a task-specific training curriculum.
Survey on High Productivity Computing Systems ( HPCS ) Languages [ Internal Report ]

Saliya Ekanayake School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University sekanaya@cs.indiana. edu Abstract Parallel languages have been focused towards performance, but it alone is not be sufficient to overcome the barrier of developing software that exploits the power of evolving architectures. DARPA initiated high productivity computing systems (HPCS) languages project as a solution which addresses software productivity goals through language design. The resultant three languages are Chapel from Cray, X10 from IBM and Fortress from Sun. We recognize memory model (perhaps namespace model is a better term) as a classifier for parallel languages and present details on shared, distributed, and partitioned global address space (PGAS) models. Next we compare HPCS languages in detail through idioms they support for five common tasks in parallel programming, i.e. data parallelism, data distribution, asynchronous remote task creation, nested parallelism, and remote transactions. We conclude presenting complete working code for k-means clustering in each language.
Externalities as objectives for DTM solving a dynamic multi-objective network design problem

There is an increasing interest in the effects of traffic on externalities. Research has also shown that in many countries the costs of external effects are even larger than the costs of delay. Therefore it can no longer suffice to view a transport system as feasible or optimal if only accessibility is considered. Dynamic traffic management (DTM) measures are often used to improve efficiency only, which means that traditionally the optimization of DTM measures considers the single objective of “improving accessibility”. However, these measures are potentially also powerful instruments to reduce emissions of substances related to air quality and climate, emissions of noise and number of accidents. Because there is a proven relation between traffic dynamics and these externalities, DTM measures can be used on a local level, but can also be used on a network level to influence route choice of road users and therefore influencing to what extent certain roads are used. To assess a certain deployment of DTM measures transport models can be used. Because traffic dynamics are important explanatory variables for these externalities and time dependent DTM measures are considered, the usage of a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model to assess a certain deployment of DTM measures is recommended. In addition, a DTA model can be used to overcome the widely recognized limitations of static traffic assignment in particular for oversaturated traffic conditions.
Knowledge Creation Within the Automobile Industry Regular Paper

Research has identified the enabling factors and inhibitors for successfully implementing knowledge creation and accomplishing its strategic objectives. It is important to understand how these factors interact with each other to improve or inhibit performance. This empirical research presents a framework for finding the fundamental relations between these factors. It proposes strategies for implement‐ ing knowledge creation initiatives. The framework mainly focuses on the "what factor" with respect to people and identifies the vital characteristics for the knowledge creation process. It mainly illustrates the parameters of knowledge transfer, which supports knowledge creation, thereby improving organizational performance.