Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in lateralization of attention functions

Performance on two lateralized attention tasks, a unique, modified version of the Stroop task, and the Lateralized Attention Network Task, was investigated to add evidence to the topic of lateralized hemispheric strengths and weaknesses between the sexes. Sixty total participants at a mid-sized public university completed both tasks to obtain research credit for their classes. Results concluded that there were no significant differences between the sex of the participant and visual field in their efficiency in responding to the three metrics of the Lateralized Attention Network Task. Individual analysis of the six cue types showed some interactions between sex and visual field on response accuracy however, generally the results were not significant. Stroop task data analysis yielded no significant differences between sex and visual field in either Stroop effect or response accuracy. Overall, results were not consistent with our hypotheses. There was, however, a noticeable trend that males were likely to be more efficient at responding to the tasks when the stimuli were presented in the left visual field, as well as that women tended to perform more efficiently when the stimuli was presented in the right visual field. Although not a significant finding, the trend does add further evidence to the current belief that men respond better to items lateralized to the right hemisphere and that women respond better to items lateralized to the left hemisphere.
Cortical Surface Tracking Using a Stereoscopic Operating Microscope

OBJECTIVE: To measure and compensate for soft tissue deformation during image-guided neurosurgery, we have developed a novel approach to estimate the three-dimensional (3-D) topology of the cortical surface and track its motion over time. METHODS: We use stereopsis to estimate the 3-D cortical topology during neurosurgical procedures. To facilitate this process, two charge-coupled device cameras have been attached to the binocular optics of a stereoscopic operating microscope. Before surgery, this stereo imaging system is calibrated to obtain the extrinsic and intrinsic camera parameters. During surgery, the 3-D shape of the cortical surface is automatically estimated from a stereo pair of images and registered to the preoperative image volume to provide navigational guidance. This estimation requires robust matching of features between the images, which, when combined with the camera calibration, yields the desired 3-D coordinates. After the 3-D cortical surface has been estimated from stereo pairs, its motion is tracked by comparing the current surface with its previous locations. RESULTS: We are able to estimate the 3-D topology of the cortical surface with an average error of less than 1.2 mm. Executing on a 1.1-GHz Pentium machine, the 3-D estimation from a stereo pair of 1024 × 768 resolution images requires approximately 60 seconds of computation. By applying stereopsis over time, we are able to track the motion of the cortical surface, including the pulsatile movement of the cortical surface, gravitational sag, tissue bulge as a result of increased intracranial pressure, and the parenchymal shape changes associated with tissue resection. The results from 10 surgical patients are reported. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that a stereo vision system coupled to the operating microscope can be used to efficiently estimate the dynamic topology of the cortical surface during surgery. The 3-D surface can be coregistered to the preoperative image volume. This unique intraoperative imaging technique expands the capability of the current navigational system in the operating room and increases the accuracy of anatomic correspondence with preoperative images through compensation for brain deformation.
Using Latent Semantic Analysis in Text Summarization and Summary Evaluation

This paper deals with using latent semantic analysis in text summarization. We describe a generic text summarization method which uses the latent semantic analysis technique to identify semantically important sentences. This method has been further improved. Then we propose two new evaluation methods based on LSA, which measure content similarity between an original document and its summary. In the evaluation part we compare seven summarizers by a classical content-based evaluator and by the two new LSA evaluators. We also study an influence of summary length on its quality from the angle of the three mentioned evaluation methods.
Simultaneous Production of Disk and Lobes: A Single-Wind MHD Model for the η Carinae Nebula

The luminous blue variable η Carinae is surrounded by a complex and highly structured nebula of ejected material. The best-studied and axisymmetric components of this outflow consist of bipolar lobes (the "homunculus") and an equatorial "skirt. " Recent proper-motion measurements suggest that the skirt was ejected at the same time as the lobes, contrary to the assumptions of all current theoretical models for the formation of the nebula (which use the skirt to collimate stellar winds into lobes). We present a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stellar wind model that produces an outflowing disk and bipolar lobes in a single, steady state wind. The basic model consists of a wind from a rotating star with a rotation axis-aligned dipole magnetic field. The azimuthal component of the magnetic field, generated by stellar rotation, compresses the wind toward the equator and also toward the rotation axis, simultaneously producing an outflowing disk and jet. We use numerical MHD simulations to study the wind for various amounts of stellar rotation and to show a range of wind morphologies. In order to produce wide-angle lobes similar to the homunculus (which have roughly a 30° opening angle), a high-speed polar wind (with enhanced energy density) from the star is also required. In that case, the structure of the wind bears a remarkable resemblance to the skirt plus homunculus morphology of the η Car nebulae, and a significant fraction of the stellar angular momentum is carried away by the wind. Although the model assumes a steady state wind (rather than an eruption) and thermal wind driving (rather than radiation pressure), the structure of the wind is encouraging.
Systematic Groupings in Hearing Impaired Consonant Perception

Auditory training programs are currently being explored as a method of improving hearing impaired (HI) speech perception; precis knowledge of a patient’s individual differences in speech perception al lows one to more accurately diagnose how a training program should be implem ented. Remapping or variations in the weighting of acoustic cues, due to auditory plasticity, can be examined with the detailed confusion ana lyses that we have developed at UIUC. We show an analysis of the responses o f 17 ears with sensorineural hearing loss to consonant-vowel stimul i, composed of 14 English consonants followed by the vowel / A/, presented in quiet and speechshaped noise. Although the tested tokens are noise-robust a nd unambiguous for normal-hearing listeners, the subtle natural variatio ns in signal properties can lead to systematic differences for HI listeners. Specifi cally, our recent findings have shown token-dependent individual variabilit y in error and confusion groups for HI listeners. A clustering analysis of the confusion data shows that HI listeners fall into specific groups. Many of the token-dependent confusions that define these groups can also be observed for n ormal-hearing listeners, under higher noise levels or filtering condition s. These HI-listener groups correspond to different acoustic-cue weighting sch emes, highlighting where auditory training should be most effective.
Debugging of wrong and missing answers for datalog programs with constraint handling rules

This paper presents a proposal for debugging deductive database programs. Although inspired in the logic programming paradigm, these programs have the particularity of involving large sets of data. In this context, debugging tools employed usually in logic programs, such as traditional trace debuggers, become impractical. Our technique is based on the principles of algorithmic debugging but adapted to the particularities of the deductive database query language Datalog. The debugging process starts when the user detects an initial erroneous result. Then, the debugger asks questions about the validity/nonvalidity of some intermediate results until a bug is located. The debugger allows the user to report the existence of wrong or missing answers. This information is employed for simplifying the following questions using different forms of slicing. During the debugging process the information provided by the user or inferred by the debugger is stored in the form of constraints in a CHR program that combines all the data in order to detect the source of the error as soon as possible. The debugger has been implemented as part of the Datalog system DES.
Formation of simian immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat circles in resting T cells requires both T cell receptor- and IL-2-dependent activation

Although immunodeficiency viruses can enter resting CD4+ T lymphocytes, activation of T cells is required for complete viral cDNA synthesis and transport of double-stranded viral DNA to the nucleus. Cross-linking T cell receptors (TCRs) on resting CD4+ T cells induces reverse transcription of full-length simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) genomes, but TCR engagement alone is insufficient to stimulate SIV DNA to move to the nucleus and form long terminal repeat (LTR) circles. Neither ligation of TCR or CD28 receptors nor interleukin 2 (IL-2) alone induces formation of LTR circles; however, the combination of TCR ligation with either CD28 ligation or IL-2 doses. Anti-IL-2 serum inhibits the formation of LTR circles induced by cross-linking CD3 and CD28, but has no effect on the induction of increased viral reverse transcription. Thus, two signals appear to be required for immunodeficiency viruses to move to the T cell nucleus, one from the TCR to promote reverse transcription of the viral genome, the other through an IL-2-dependent process leading to formation of LTR circles.
A Novel Language Model Based on Cognition Attention Attenuation in Web Retrieval

Language model is widely used in many retrieval systems. Its document representation is based on the bag of words assumption. Hence, each term in document is treated as an equal object and only the term frequency is considered as the evidence of the importance of term. In this paper, we study the problem of cognition attention attenuation in processing documents and present a cognition attention attenuation based language model. This model estimates the document model by attenuation process of term in document. Compared with the classical language model, the advantage of this model is considering about the document structure which is often used in text summarization. From the experiments results, our novel cognition attention attenuation based language model outperformed the classical language model with Dirichlet smoothing in blog page and Web page.
A model for multiparadigm systems

Abs t rac t : Systems consisting of programs from different paradigms or languages are called multiparadigm systems. A model for multiparadigm systems is developed using a possible worlds semantic. This semantic has been adapted from philosophy and successfully applied to analyzing protocols in distributed computing and in developing models that provide a basis for knowledge representation.
Effect of Power Randomization on Saturation Throughput of IEEE 802.11 WLAN

In this paper, we evaluate the saturation throughput for an IEEE 802.11 based wireless network considering capture effect at the receiver, while nodes transmit with random powers. In this respect, we consider a scenario consisting of a specific number of wireless nodes. Then, we derive the transmission as well as collision probabilities with respect to the perfect capture effect. In order to maximize the saturation throughput we set up an optimization problem and obtain how to compute optimum values for the probabilities corresponding to different power levels. By providing the numerical results, we deduce that power randomization may lead to a significant improvement in saturation throughput.
Children with macrocrania: clinical and imaging predictors of disorders requiring surgery.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Macrocrania is a common pediatric clinical condition affecting up to 5% of the population. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical and imaging predictors that are useful in the differentiation of disorders requiring surgical treatment from those that can be treated medically in children with macrocrania. METHODS In a 3-year 7-month retrospective study, 88 patients (median age, 8 months; interquartile range, 5--13 months) with macrocrania and no known underlying neurologic disorder underwent imaging of the brain (sonography, n = 36; CT, n = 31; MR imaging = 21). The study was conducted in a pediatric tertiary care referral center. Clinical and imaging data were correlated to final diagnosis by means of logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS Sixteen (18%) of the patients had disorders requiring surgery: communicating hydrocephalus, n = 7; noncommunicating hydrocephalus, n = 3; hemorrhagic subdural collections, n = 3; neoplasm, n = 1; encysted cavum septi pellucidi, n = 1; and vein of Galen malformation, n = 1. Clinical predictors of disorders requiring surgery included vomiting (P =.007), labor instrumentation (P =.026), developmental delay (P =.008), and abnormal neurologic findings (P =.028). Imaging predictors of disorders requiring surgery included a focal space-occupying lesion (P <.0001) and moderate-to-severe ventriculomegaly (P <.0001). The diagnostic sensitivity of the combination of independent clinical and imaging predictors was higher than that of independent clinical predictors alone, being 100% (95% confidence interval = 96.9%, 100%) and 93.8% (95% confidence interval = 88.7%, 98.8%), respectively. A trend indicated that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for clinical plus imaging findings (0.95) was greater than that for clinical findings alone (0.85) (P =.09). An increase in the number of clinical and imaging predictors was highly correlated with an increased risk of a disorder requiring surgery (P <.0001). CONCLUSION Baseline neuroimaging is indicated for children with macrocrania because the combination of clinical and imaging predictors has the best diagnostic performance in determining the need for surgical versus nonsurgical management.
Dreaming experience as a useful diagnostic clue for syncopal episodes

Background: The differential diagnosis between epileptic seizures and syncopes is a common occurrence in clinical practice. The manifestations of seizure and syncope sometimes overlap, and available diagnostic testing often not provides a conclusive answer. Syncope is often preceded by a symptom complex characterized by lightheadedness, generalized muscle weakness, giddiness, visual blurring, tinnitus, and gastrointestinal symptoms. These subjective symptoms are very important in guiding the diagnosis. In our experience, the impression of coming out of a dream after the syncopal episode is a subjective symptom commonly reported by patients, if questioned.
Coping after Mastectomy: Antecedents and Outcomes.

Psychological well-being following mastectomy is a concern of rehabilitation psychologists as life expectancy of treated individuals increases. Well-being can be threatened by stress, which results not only from the diagnosis of cancer, but from treatments that involve the amputation of a significant body part. The value of a stress and coping model in formulating intervention strategies is illustrated by a study that employed such a framework. The relative importance of 1) demographic characteristics (age, marital status, length of marriage, income, and time since mastectomy), 2) availability of emotional and concrete, physical support, and 3) coping processes on psychosocial outcome was assessed. Problemand emotion-focused coping strategies, treated as mediating variables, were assessed with the Ways of Coping Checklist (Folkman & Lazarus, 1980). Coping processes were viewed as being affected by the demographic and support variables, and in turn, affecting disability acceptance and psychological well-being, the outcome variables. A poor sense of well-being was predicted by seeking social support and using wishful thinking as coping processes; unavailable emotional support; and fewer years post-mastectomy, Disability acceptance was predicted only by minimal use of wishful thinking. Only two coping processes were predicted by demographic and support variables; wishful thinking was predicted by minimal availability of concrete support and being younger, while seeking social support was predicted by being younger. Finally, emotional support was predicted by being fewer years post-mastectomy. The implications of these findings for enhancing the psychological well-being of women after mastectomy
Efficient Intra-Operating System Protection Against Harmful DMAs

Operating systems can defend themselves against misbehaving I/O devices and drivers by employing intra-OS protection. With "strict" intra-OS protection, the OS uses the IOMMU to map each DMA buffer immediately before the DMA occurs and to unmap it immediately after. Strict protection is costly due to IOMMU-related hardware overheads, motivating "deferred" intra-OS protection, which trades off some safety for performance. We investigate the Linux intra-OS protection mapping layer and discover that hardware overheads are not exclusively to blame for its high cost. Rather, the cost is amplified by the I/O virtual address (IOVA) allocator, which regularly induces linear complexity. We find that the nature of IOVA allocation requests is inherently simple and constrained due to the manner by which I/O devices are used, allowing us to deliver constant time complexity with a compact, easy-to-implement optimization. Our optimization improves the throughput of standard benchmarks by up to 5.5x. It delivers strict protection with performance comparable to that of the baseline deferred protection. To generalize our case that OSes drive the IOMMU with suboptimal software, we additionally investigate the FreeBSD mapping layer and obtain similar findings.
Relationships of the Tangible and Intangible Elements of Tourism Products with Overall Customer Satisfaction

Tourism enterprises usually offer both tangible and intangible products to their customers which are complementary each other and perceived as the integral parts of a whole travel experience. Although the tangible and intangible products are dissimilar in characteristics, they can be distinguished by their effects on customer satisfaction or combined for improving customer satisfaction. In this study, hotel products have been categorized by their tangibility and intangibility as well as their influences on customer satisfaction. The sample of the research consisted of the customers of a tour operator from six countries (the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Tatarstan, and Kazakhstan) whose holiday destination was Antalya, Turkey. Regression analysis results showed that tangible elements of the products were more influential on overall customer satisfaction than intangible elements at the hotels. Only for customers from Latvia, intangible elements of the hotel were more influential on overall satisfaction. This study showed that customer perceptions about the tangible and intangible elements of the tourism products may be varied according to nationalities, although tourism products usually combine both elements.
Benefits of Implicit Redundant Representation Genetic Algorithms in Solving Conceptual Design , Damage Identification , and Sensor Layout Inverse Problems

1. Abstract Solving large-scale inverse problems in structural design, damage identification, and sensor layout using multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization methods requires the use of advanced representations. The implicit redundant representation (IRR) provides a flexible encoding that has shown significant benefits in solving inverse problems in which the solution involves determining the optimal number of design variables, in addition to their values. The IRR encodes both variables and redundant segments in each individual, like introns in biological genes. The encoded variable locations and values are able to dynamically change and selforganize during search through selection, crossover, and mutation. In searching for the optimal form of the structure in conceptual design, the IRR provides the flexibility to represent designs having different numbers and locations of members and nodes, which supports the simultaneous optimization of topology, geometry, and member sizes. The benefit provided is the broad range of designs that can be evaluated during a single search process. The Pareto-optimal sets of designs that are generated using the IRR also serve to define the tradeoffs that occur in meeting the objectives as the topology and geometry of the structure changes. In damage detection, optimization is often used to try to determine the location and extent of damaged elements using collected measurement data. The IRR is able to work with only a small subset of all possible damaged elements during the search process, which allows the optimization method to scale better with problem size. In addition, searching for near-optimal sensor layouts to use to collect measurement information requires the ability to represent solutions having different numbers of sensors in the same genetic algorithm population. The flexibility provided by the IRR is again beneficial in evolving Pareto-optimal sets of layouts that define the tradeoff between maximizing information collected versus minimizing the number of sensors. The genetic algorithm representations discussed hold significant promise in enhancing ability to solve large-scale inverse problems by providing the benefit of working with a variable number of design variables. This flexibility can be leveraged to reduce the implicit size of the problem optimized or to compare designs that have markedly different forms or layouts. 2.
YouTube channels, uploads and views

To this date, it is difficult to find high-level statistics on YouTube that paint a fair picture of the platform in its entirety. This study attempts to provide an overall characterization of YouTube, based on a random sample of channel and video data, by showing how video provision and consumption evolved over the course of the past 10 years. It demonstrates stark contrasts between video genres in terms of channels, uploads and views, and that a vast majority of on average 85% of all views goes to a small minority of 3% of all channels. The analytical results give evidence that older channels have a significantly higher probability to garner a large viewership, but also show that there has always been a small chance for young channels to become successful quickly, depending on whether they choose their genre wisely.
Computational Models of Musical Meter Recognition Preface

TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Department of information technology Signal processing laboratory SEPPÄNEN, JARNO: Computational models of musical meter recognition Master of Science thesis, 61 pages, 11 enclosure pages Examiners: Prof. Petri Haavisto, M.Sc. Anssi Klapuri, and M.Sc. Matti Hämäläinen Funding: Nokia Oyj November 2001