Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New antiretroviral drugs: a review of the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and resistance profile of tipranavir, darunavir, etravirine, rilpivirine, maraviroc, and raltegravir

Background: The introduction and approval of new antiretroviral agents in the US and Canada bring new opportunities and new challenges. Arguably, for the first time ever, clinicians have the drugs necessary to achieve the goal of suppressing HIV RNA to levels less than 50 copies/mL in even the most treatment-experienced patients and in those with extensive drug-limiting resistance mutations. However, the use of these new agents is complicated by many drug–drug interactions and – to some extent – pre-existing mutations. To derive maximum durability from the use of these newer drugs, a thorough understanding of their indications and limitations is critical. Objective: To thoroughly review the six most recently approved or soon-to-be-approved antiretroviral drugs in the US and Canada: tipranavir, darunavir, etravirine, rilpivirine, maraviroc, and raltegravir. Methods: Discussion of the indications for, and pharmacokinetics, resistance profile, activity, toxicity, and clinical trials results of, the six new agents. Results/conclusions: These six new agents have resulted in marked progress towards the goal of being able to provide HIV-infected individuals with the drugs necessary to achieve decades of durable suppression of HIV without substantial toxicity.
Can Foreign Capital Participation Enhance Commercial Banks’ Market Efficiency?

Banks’ efficiency can be decomposed into their ability in expanding their business with given inputs and ability in making maximum profits with given business scale. The former is defined as the operational efficiency while the latter is defined as the market efficiency. This paper tries to test impacts of foreign capital participation on the Chinese listed commercial banks’ market efficiency with two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach and Tobit model. The results indicate that more foreign capital participation can help to improve the largest banks’ market efficiency, while weak foreign capital participation cannot help. These findings are important not only for China but also for the other transitional economies and developing economies. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ee. 29.1. 5444
Object recognition with image set based on kernel information entropy

We propose a new kernel entropy component analysis approach to object recognition with image set by fusing the information entropy. Since the geometry of Symmetric Positive Definite (SPD) matrices, we model the image set with its covariance matrix (nonsingular). Thus the object recognition with image set can be model as classifying problem on the riemannian manifold space. Given the proper kernel function derived from efficient metric for SPD matrices, points lie on manifold space represented by covariance matrices can be cast into high dimensional euclidean space. In this euclidean space, traditional methods used for dimensional reduction can be applied directly. Accounting for the measurability to information of the Renyi entropy, we fuse the information entropy to the dimensional reduction progress of our method. Similar to Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA), the method accomplish data dimensionality reduction by projection onto a subset of entropy preserving KPCA axes. But this subset does not need to correspond to the top eigenvalues of the kernel matrix. The positive results of experiment on datasets demonstrated effectiveness of our method.
A multi-modal RGB-D object recognizer

In this paper we propose a multi-modal object recognition system that uses a two-step hypothesis verification approach to improve runtime efficiency. The system uses local and global appearance and shape features, generating many possibly competing hypotheses, which are then verified such that the scene can be optimally explained in terms of recognized object models. The introduced modification in this time consuming step reduces runtime considerably, while maintaining recognition performance. We evaluate recognition performance for various feature extraction modalities on the publicly available Willow Garage RGB-D dataset and show runtime improvements of a factor 2 to 10.
Inhibition of insulin amyloid fibril formation by cyclodextrins

Abstract Localized insulin-derived amyloid masses occasionally form at the site of repeated insulin injections in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and cause subcutaneous insulin resistance. Various kinds of insulin including porcine insulin, human insulin, and insulin analogues reportedly formed amyloid fibrils in vitro and in vivo, but the impact of the amino acid replacement in insulin molecules on amyloidogenicity is largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated the difference in amyloid fibril formation kinetics of human insulin and insulin analogues, which suggests an important role of the C-terminal domain of the insulin B chain in nuclear formation of amyloid fibrils. Furthermore, we determined that cyclodextrins, which are widely used as drug carriers in the pharmaceutical field, had an inhibitory effect on the nuclear formation of insulin amyloid fibrils. These findings have significant implications for the mechanism underlying insulin amyloid fibril formation and for developing optimal additives to prevent this subcutaneous adverse effect.
Title Expression of human papillomavirus 6 b L 1 protein in silkworm larvae and enhanced green fluorescent protein displaying on its virus-like particles

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 6b L1 capsid protein was expressed using the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) bacmid expression system in silkworm larvae. Two constructs, full-length L1 (500 a.a) and C-terminal-deleted short L1 (479 a.a), and three PCR-manipulated antigenic loops at amino acids 55–56, 174–175, and 348–349 regions were incorporated with whole enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Expressed in full, short L1 proteins and variants were purified in heparin affinity column chromatography and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blot. The presence of self-assembled virus-like particles (VLPs) and EGFP incorporation on the surface of VLPs were confirmed by the observation of transmission electron and immunoelectron microscopies, respectively. HPV 6b L1 major capsid protein was successfully expressed in silkworm, and effective manipulation on the antigenic regions showed the path to versatile vaccine development based on HPV L1-VLPs.
Clinical consequences of red cell storage in the critically ill

Red cell (RBC) transfusions are a potentially life‐saving therapy employed during the care of many critically ill patients to replace losses in hemoglobin to maintain oxygen delivery to vital organs. During storage, RBCs undergo a series of biochemical and biomechanical changes that reduce their survival and function. Additionally, accumulation of other biologic by‐products of RBC preservation may be detrimental to recipients of blood transfusions. Laboratory studies and an increasing number of observational studies have raised the possibility that prolonged RBC storage adversely affects clinical outcomes. In this article, the laboratory and animal experiments evaluating changes to RBCs during prolonged storage are reviewed. Subsequently, the clinical studies that have evaluated the clinical consequences of prolonged RBC storage are reviewed. These data suggest a possible detrimental clinical effect associated with the transfusion of stored RBCs; randomized clinical trials further evaluating the clinical consequences of transfusing older stored RBCs are required.
Peran Audit Internal dalam Good Corporate Governance Bank Syariah di Indonesia

This paper aims to discover the implementation of GCG in Islamic banks', structural analysis of Islamic banks' internal audit, and the role of internal audit in the GCG implementation of Indonesia's Islamic banks. This type of study is qualitative descriptive method by using literature studies. The result shows that banks, which are the top banks in term of asset; BSM, BMI, BNIS and BRIS, have implemented GCG really well. The structure of internal audit in the banks is effective by placing internal audit under the main director/commisaris/others. Generally, the role of internal audit in the banks are; investigating work unit, monitoring the audit findings, evaluating the audit finding, reporting any non-sharia compliance activities, and doing internal control either by whistleblowing system or SPI in each banks according to their needs.
Forecast-based Financing in Urban Informal Settlements - A Viable Disaster Risk Management Strategy?

Rationale: Urban informal settlements are vulnerable and exposed to hazards. Weather forecasting is possible and provides a “window of opportunity” to push cash or aid to vulnerable dwellers before the disaster strikes. Forecast-based Financing is a framework, which provides this system, and it has had great success with rural pilots. Currently no research has investigated the implementation of Forecast-based Financing in urban informal settlements. Research question: The thesis investigates the obstacles and benefits of implementing Forecast-based Financing in urban informal settlements and discusses whether Forecast-based Financing is a viable disaster risk management strategy in urban informal settlements. Methodology: The thesis uses three scoping studies to investigate what is known about Forecast-based Finaning in scientific and grey literature and what is known in scientific literature about preparedness work related to floods in urban informal settlements. The scoping studies are the basis for conducting five semi-structured interviews with FbF practitioners. Findings: Several obstacles and benefits of implementing Forecast-based Financing in urban informal settlements were identified. Obstacles varied from lack of commitment from local governments, large numbers of actors, general vulnerability, identifying appropriate actions, lack of communication and coordination, hetereogeneous communities, attracting new dwellers, safety issues, and lack of long-term thinking. Benefits were related to being able to act faster and not waiting until after the disaster, financial efficiency, keeping dwellers from adopting negative coping strategies and linking actors while improving communication and coordination. Conclusion: Benefits outweigh obstacles and Forecast-based Financing is a viable disaster risk management strategy in urban informal settlements. (Less)
T‐bet as a key regulator of mucosal immunity

Initially understood to be a key regulator of interferon‐γ‐producing helper T cells, our knowledge of T‐bet's functional roles has expanded to encompass a growing range of cellular lineages. In addition to regulating other interferon‐γ‐producing adaptive immune cells, it is now clear that T‐bet plays a fundamental role in the regulation of innate immune responses across mucosal surfaces. This homeostatic role is demonstrated by the spontaneous colitis that occurs when T‐bet is deleted from innate immune cells in RAG−/− mice. Using this model as a focal point, we review our understanding of T‐bet's regulation of adaptive and innate immune systems, focusing particularly on mucosal populations including innate lymphoid cells, dendritic cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes. With the increasingly diverse effects of T‐bet on different lineages, the classical binding‐centric paradigm of T‐bet's molecular functionality has increasingly struggled to account for the versatility of T‐bet's biological effects. Recent recognition of the synergistic interactions between T‐bet and other canonical transcription factors has led to a co‐operative paradigm that has provided greater explanatory power. Synthesizing insights from ChIP‐seq and comparative biology, we expand the co‐operative paradigm further and suggest a network approach as a powerful way to understand and model T‐bet's diverse functionality.
Exploiting noisy web data by OOV ranking for low-resource keyword search

Spoken keyword search in low-resource condition suffers from out-of-vocabulary (OOV) problem and insufficient text data for language model (LM) training. Web-crawled text data is used to expand vocabulary and to augment language model. However, the mismatching between web text and the target speech data brings difficulties to effective utilization. New words from web data need an evaluation to exclude noisy words or introduce proper probabilities. In this paper, several criteria to rank new words from web data are investigated and are used as features for logistic regression. In the IV keyword case, top N words are selected to expand the vocabulary. In the OOV keyword case, all words are used for expansion but unigram probabilities are re-assigned by Zipf's law. On Swahili keyword search, after further text filtering and LM interpolation, this strategy is observed to outperform a strong and commonly used baseline method for data selection.
Cortical areas and the control of self‐determined finger movements: an fMRI study

WE investigated cortical areas involved in the control of self-determined finger movements. In a tapping task, subjects tapped with different movement frequencies in two different movement conditions (predetermined vs self-determined). fMRI provided evidence for the involvement of the horizontal and ascending parts of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), the left superior frontal gyrus and the posterior cingulate gyrus in the control of self-determined finger movements. Higher movement frequency increased the extent of activated area only in the horizontal part of IPS. The results suggest a major role of the IPS in controlling sequences of finger movements. This area probably serves as a region for integration of motor, sensory and sensorimotor feedback information used for movement control.
Innovation capability and competitive advantage: A case study of two Brazilian Firms

This study investigates practices used by firms to link their innovative capability to competitive advantage. The basic assumption is that innovative capability is conditioned by a series of factors regarding to cultural, resources, competences and external connections that promote competitive advantage through creation and introduction of new/improved products to the market. An exploratory and case study is used, based on two Brazilian firms in different industries. The results indicated that the innovative capabilities assumes different meanings in different settings, thus resulting in different impacts on firm competitive advantage.
Generador de historias basado en agentes

En este proyecto discutiremos como podemos generar creatividad computacional. Esto es una tarea compleja, ya que el propio concepto de lo que es la creatividad es ambiguo, puesto que en el intervienen cosas como el talento, que son de por si dificiles de explicar. Siguiendo el dominio de nuestra aplicacion, nos concentraremos en el ambito de la narrativa y la creacion de historias. Veremos como podemos generar historias automaticamente, ademas de los diferentes generadores con los que nos hemos encontrado, y que nos han servido como fuente de inspiracion en mayor o menor medida. Basandonos en la generacion de historias por simulacion y planificacion, hemos implementado un generador de historias basado en agentes inteligentes para conseguirlo. Estos agentes utilizaran un planificador externo para saber que es lo que tienen que hacer en cada momento, lo que dara lugar a interacciones entre los mismos. Utilizaremos estas interacciones entre agentes como contenido de las historias a generar, de forma que en cierto modo, seran estos agentes los que nos hagan parte del trabajo. Recogiendo los datos producidos por estos agentes, habremos terminado la fase de "crear", y ya solo nos quedara la fase de "narrar". Para ello, por el momento, tendremos textos predefinidos dentro del propio codigo, aunque la idea inicial era utilizar un programa externo que tomase como entrada un log con las interacciones producidas. Con todo, esto, hemos logrado implementar un generador de historias basico, capaz de generar historias distintas e independientes unas de otras.
Generating the Semantic Containers for the Query Interfaces of Deep Web

With the myriad emergence of the online Web Database, the Web is divided into a two layers information platform which is composed of Surface Web and Deep Web. The huge information hidden in the Deep Web is higher in the quality than the Surface Web. This interests the researchers of the traditional Database community. In order to adapt the Web community, the idea of information fusion is further transformed. However, the nature of the Web is great different from the Database in structure, principle and function. Query reformulation is one of the technical challenges. The only accessible method to get the information in the Deep Web is through the query interfaces provided by the Website of Deep Web. There are many semantic restrictions between the attributes in the query interface. Some attributes are co-occurred and the others are exclusive sometimes. To generate a valid query, we have to reconcile the key attributes and their semantic relations. To address the problem, a method based on the HTML codes is presented in this paper. Different kinds of semantic containers can be got through analyzing the codes of the query interface. The experiment is carried out on the famous Dataset of Deep Web to show the feasibility of the method.
Evidence for late stage compartmentalization of HIV-1 resistance mutations between lymph node and peripheral blood mononuclear cells

ObjectiveTo determine the overall distribution of drug-resistance mutations to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors of HIV strains recovered from the lymph nodes (LN) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) compartments of four HIV-infected patients receiving zidovudine and didianosine and to compare them with antiretroviral-naive patients. DesignMolecular comparison of major and minor HIV-1 env and pol region variants residing in LN and PBMC compartments. Materials and methodsProviral DNA sequences were amplified by PCR from both PBMC and LN compartments, cloned into PGEM-T II Easy vector and sequenced. The clones were subjected to molecular and phylogenetic ananlysis. ResultsComparison of PBMC and LN-derived HIV-1 variants in the env V3 region showed that nucleotide and amino acid variability was a characteristic feature of LN-derived variants. In contrast, a majority of resistance mutations to reverse transcriptase inhibitors were localized in the PBMC compartment rather than in LN, which is thought to be a reservoir of HIV. ConclusionsDistinct compartmentalization or independent evolution of pol and env gene variants between LN and PBMC could be due to the differential selection pressure imposed by the combination drug regimen, hence the bimodal distribution of resistance variants between LN and PBMC compartments.
Sampling from a log-concave distribution with compact support with proximal Langevin Monte Carlo

This paper presents a detailed theoretical analysis of the Langevin Monte Carlo sampling algorithm recently introduced in Durmus et al. (Efficient Bayesian computation by proximal Markov chain Monte Carlo: when Langevin meets Moreau, 2016) when applied to log-concave probability distributions that are restricted to a convex body $\mathsf{K}$. This method relies on a regularisation procedure involving the Moreau-Yosida envelope of the indicator function associated with $\mathsf{K}$. Explicit convergence bounds in total variation norm and in Wasserstein distance of order $1$ are established. In particular, we show that the complexity of this algorithm given a first order oracle is polynomial in the dimension of the state space. Finally, some numerical experiments are presented to compare our method with competing MCMC approaches from the literature.
Error analysis for spline collocation methods with application to knot selection

Some collocation schemes used to solve mth order ordinary differential equations are known to display superconvergence at the mesh points. Here we show that some such schemes have additional superconvergence points for the approximate solution and all of its derivatives. Using such points, we argue that a mesh selection scheme introduced by Dodson can be expected to perform well under general circumstances. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the new superconvergence results.
Mitotically unstable B chromosome polymorphism in the grasshopper Dichroplus elongatus

Dichroplus elongatus, a widespread South American phytophagous grasshopper, exhibits polymorphisms for supernumerary chromosomes and segments (SS) in natural populations in Argentina. In this paper we review the available information on B chromosome polymorphism in D. elongatus related to geographic distribution, patterns of chromosome variation and influence on sperm formation. In D. elongatus the different forms of supernumerary variants are not independent. The proportion of B-carrying individuals (B prevalence) is negatively correlated with SS10 and positively with SS6 frequencies. The analysis of population structure considering the different supernumerary variants would suggest that the patterns of chromosome variation can not be explained only by random factors. Geographic distribution was analyzed scoring the prevalence of B chromosomes in 13 natural populations collected in three different biogeographical provinces from Northwest (Las Yungas province) and East (Espinal and Pampeana provinces) of Argentina. The detected heterogeneity may be explained by significant differentiation between Northwest and East regions and among populations within Las Yungas and Pampeana provinces. Correlation analysis suggested that B chromosome prevalence is associated with maximum temperature and with latitude. Additional information about the nature of the patterns of B chromosome variation was obtained comparing them with those obtained at the mitochondrial DNA level. The hierarchical analysis of molecular differentiation revealed discrepancy with respect to chromosome differentiation and also suggested that the pattern of B chromosomes may not be explained by historical factors. We also discussed the probable influence on fertility of carriers considering the production of abnormal sperm formation (macro and microspermatids) in relation to the number of Bs per follicle.
Electrical test method and realized system for high pin count components during reliability tests

For electronic products there are distinct and very high reliability requirements, in particular for applications within aeronautics, medicine and automotive sectors. In order to prove the reliability of integrated circuits packages and their solder joints accelerated aging tests are mandatory (e.g. thermal shock cycles, isothermal storage and vibration stress). Additionally electrical characterization methods are needed and are employing so called daisy chain circuits for the electrical failure detection on solder joints during the experiments while using serial circuits with a permanent monitoring of the impressed current for the to be examined electrical connections of the package. Thus, the described methods for the electrical investigation of the reliability are commonly using dummy packages which include additional internal circuits assembled under laboratory conditions. These methods do not allow the investigation of real integrated circuits. This paper will discuss a new method for electrical characterization of real and soldered high pin count integrated circuits due to the utilization of the included ESD-protective circuit like it is common on wafer level or using advanced boundary scan techniques [1]. This method allows the test of the whole interconnect chain (e.g. PCB connections, bonding connections, interposer connections, soldered connections).