Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of Injectors for Self-Sustaining of Combustion Chambers Acoustic Stability

Abstract : Comparative analysis of the injector development history in order to eliminate acoustic instability in combustion chambers of LOX/kerosene big thrust engines both of gas generator and staged combustion cycle such as F-1, RD-170 and some experimental engines is presented in the Paper. It was studied what stationary and dynamic parameters of injector elements and the injector assembly as a whole were changed during such a development and what kind of influence on instability they provided. It was discovered that in every case of successful efforts to achieve stability, alongside with the decreasing of amplification qualities of the combustion zone by means of decreasing atomization and mixing efficiency that decreased to some extend combustion chamber specific impulse, increasing acoustic losses in the combustion chamber by means of installation of baffles and/or acoustic cavities, injectors in stable operated combustion chambers provided selfsustaining of the operational process, which under the influence of pulsation amplitude provided decreasing of the combustion zone amplification qualities. Methods of instability mechanisms diagnostics and instability elimination by means of changing of injector dynamic characteristics are proposed and compared with the results of fire tests in model combustion chamber. Some useful expressions are presented in the Paper to define dynamic characteristics of jet and swirl injectors as well as interference of swirled fuel flow with the central Ox-rich gas stream.
Azithromycin Inhibits MUC5AC Production Induced by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Autoinducer N-(3-Oxododecanoyl) Homoserine Lactone in NCI-H292 Cells

ABSTRACT The features of chronic airway diseases, including chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and diffuse panbronchiolitis, include chronic bacterial infection and airway obstruction by mucus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogens in chronic lung infection, and quorum-sensing systems contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. The quorum-sensing signal molecule [N-(3-oxododecanoyl) homoserine lactone (3O-C12-HSL)] not only regulates bacterial virulence but also is associated with the immune response. In this study, we investigated whether 3O-C12-HSL could stimulate the production of a major mucin core protein, MUC5AC. The effect of a macrolide on MUC5AC production was also studied. 3O-C12-HSL induced NCI-H292 cells to express MUC5AC at both the mRNA and the protein levels in time- and dose-dependent manners. A 15-membered macrolide, azithromycin, inhibited MUC5AC production that was activated by 3O-C12-HSL. 3O-C12-HSL induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and I-κB phosphorylation in cells, and this induction was suppressed by azithromycin. 3O-C12-HSL-induced MUC5AC production was blocked by the ERK pathway inhibitor PD98059. Our findings suggest that the P. aeruginosa autoinducer 3O-C12-HSL contributes to excessive mucin production in chronic bacterial infection. Azithromycin seems to reduce this mucin production by interfering with intracellular signal transduction.
Transmission of low‐density hepatitis C viral particles during sexually transmitted acute resolving infection

Hepatitis C viruses in the blood of chronically infected patients are heterogeneous in density with the presence of lipoprotein associated viral particles of lower density than conventional virions. If low‐density viral particles have been shown to be infectious in animal models it is currently not known whether these particles display the same infectivity for humans. In a case of sexually transmitted acute resolving infection, all isolated NS3 sequences from the acute‐phase isolate clustered with a single sequence from the chronic carrier isolate, suggesting bottlenecking during transmission. To determine the density of the transmitted viruses, viral quasispecies from fractions with density below and above 1.055 g/ml were isolated and prepared from the plasma of the chronically infected sexual partner. Interestingly, the three closest sequences to the recipient consensus sequence were isolated from the low‐density fraction. These data suggest that low‐density viral particles are infectious for humans as they are for chimpanzees and that they can be transmitted during sexual intercourse. J. Med. Virol. 80:242–246, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lessons from Empirical Models of Exchange Rates

Si bien los modelos existentes sobre el comportamiento sistematico de los tipos de cambio brindan resultados escasos o iguales a los que se obtienen con modelos de trayecto aleatorio al realizar las pruebas por muestreo de la validez de las predicciones tomando como base los valores efectivos de las variables explicativas, en este trabajo se encuentran razones que justifican cierto optimismo sobre la posibilidad de que los modelos empiricos de tipos de cambio brinden en el futuro explicaciones bastante mejores que las aleatorias. La primera parte del articulo trata de las relaciones entre los tipos de cambio, niveles de precios internos, tipos de interes y balanzas de pagos internacionales y formula algunas consideraciones sobre determinados elementos validos de estas relaciones que explican el fracaso de los modelos utilizados el decenio pasado. Luego de examinar lo que se conoce actualmente sobre las relaciones entre los tipos de cambio y otras variables que han sido importantes elementos de los modelos y los debates generales sobre la determinacion de los tipos de cambio, el articulo considera algunas ensenanzas generales y temas pendientes para disenar mejores modelos. Las ensenanzas destacan la importancia de analizar los tipos de cambio en un marco macroeconomico integral y de suponer que las expectativas se forman en consonancia con los modelos estructurales o teniendo en cuenta la informacion que se puede obtener facilmente a traves de las series cronologicas de las variables pertinentes. Los temas pendientes comprenden la cuestion de si es adecuado o conveniente considerar los activos como sustitutos perfectos o, lo que es equivalente, utilizar la hipotesis de la relacion de paridad de los tipos de interes no cubierta. El segundo tema pendiente de solucion, en la medida en que se elaboren modelos de tipos de cambio en un marco de equilibrio general que no considere los activos como sustitutos perfectos, es el de como diferenciar los activos y especificar una base con solidos fundamentos microeconomicos para las preferencias con respecto a la composicion de la cartera.
A Bayesian geoadditive relative survival analysis of registry data on breast cancer mortality

In this paper we develop a so called relative survival analysis, that is used to model the excess risk of a certain subpopulation relative to the natural mortality risk, i.e. the base risk that is present in the whole population. Such models are typically used in the area of clinical studies, that aim at identifying prognostic factors for disease specific mortality with data on specific causes of death being not available. Our work has been motivated by continuous-time spatially referenced survival data on breast cancer where causes of death are not known. This paper forms an extension of the analyses presented in Sauleau et al. (2007), where those data are analysed via a geoadditive, semiparametric approach, however without allowance to incorporate natural mortality. The usefulness of this relative survival approach is supported by means of a simulated data set.
In Defense of Syntax: Informational, Intentional, and Rhetorical Structures in Discourse

Much has been written on the nature and use of so-called rhetorical relations to govern the structure anti coherence of discourse, and much has been written on the need for communicative intentions to govern discourse construction. In early research on automated text creation, the operationalized structural relations from Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) [Mann & Thompson 88] were used both to carry the speaker's communicative intention (which enabled the use of a NOAH-like top-down expansion planner) and also to ensure coherence (by utilizing the constraints on Nucleus and Satellite from RST). This dual functionality is characteristic of the operators used in the various text structure planners that have been built to date, whether they were oriented more toward surface text structure (such as the relation/plans of the RST Structurer [Hovy 88, Itovy 90]) or more toward the communicative intentions underlying the text (as the text plans of the EES and PEA text planner in the later [Moore & Paris 89, Moore 89] work) 1.
Karyotype Heterogeneity and Unclassified Chromosomal Abnormalities

In a departure from traditional gene-centric thinking with regard to cytogenetics and cytogenomics, the recently introduced genome theory calls upon a re-focusing of our attention on karyotype analyses of disease conditions. Karyotype heterogeneity has been demonstrated to be directly involved in the somatic cell evolution process which is the basis of many common and complex diseases such as cancer. To correctly use karyotype heterogeneity and apply it to monitor system instability, we need to include many seemingly unimportant non-specific chromosomal aberrations into our analysis. Traditionally, cytogenetic analysis has been focused on identifying recurrent types of abnormalities, particularly those that have been linked to specific diseases. In this perspective, drawing on the new framework of 4D-genomics, we will briefly review the importance of studying karyotype heterogeneity. We have also listed a number of overlooked chromosomal aberrations including defective mitotic figures, chromosome fragmentation as well as genome chaos. Finally, we call for the systematic discovery/characterization and classification of karyotype abnormalities in human diseases, as karyotype heterogeneity is the common factor that is essential for somatic cell evolution.
Deposited in DRO : 25 April 2014 Version of attached le : Published Version Peer-review status of attached le : Peer-reviewed Citation for published item

Systematic differences between populations in their preferences for body size may arise as a result of an adaptive ‘prepared learning’ mechanism, whereby cues to health or status in the local population are internalized and affect body preferences. Alternatively, differences between populations may reflect their ‘visual diet’ as a cognitive byproduct of mere exposure. Here we test the relative importance of these two explanations for variation in body preferences. Two studies were conducted where female observers were exposed to pictures of high or low BMI women which were either aspirational (healthy, attractive models in high status clothes) or non-aspirational (eating disordered patients in grey leotards), or to combinations thereof, in order to manipulate their body-weight preferences which were tested at baseline and at post–test. Overall, results showed good support for visual diet effects (seeing a string of small or large bodies resulted in a change from preto post-test whether the bodies were aspirational or not) and also some support for the associative learning explanation (exposure to aspirational images of overweight women induced a towards preferring larger bodies, even when accompanied by equal exposure to lower weight bodies in the non-aspirational category). Thus, both influences may act in parallel. Citation: Boothroyd LG, Tovée MJ, Pollet TV (2012) Visual Diet versus Associative Learning as Mechanisms of Change in Body Size Preferences. PLoS ONE 7(11): e48691. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0048691 Editor: Raul M. Luque, University of Cordoba, Spain Received July 6, 2012; Accepted October 1, 2012; Published November 7, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Boothroyd et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The work was supported by money and resources from the Durham Psychology Department. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: m.j.tovee@ncl.ac. uk
Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus salivarius HSISS4, a Human Commensal Bacterium Highly Prevalent in the Digestive Tract

ABSTRACT The human commensal bacterium Streptococcus salivarius plays a major role in the equilibrium of microbial communities of the digestive tract. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of a Streptococcus salivarius strain isolated from the small intestine, namely, HSISS4. Its circular chromosome comprises 1,903 coding sequences and 2,100,988 nucleotides.
Understanding and modeling human movement in cities using phone data

Cities today are strained by the exponential growth in population where they are homes to the majority of world's population. Understanding the complexities underlying the emerging behaviors of human travel patterns on the city level is essential toward making informed decision-making pertaining to urban transportation infrastructures This thesis includes several attempts towards modeling and understanding human mobility at the scales of individuals and the scale of aggregate population movement. The second chapter includes the development of a browser delivering visual insights of the aggregate behavior of populations in cities. The third chapter provides a computational framework for clustering regions in cities based on their attraction behavior and in doing so aids a predictive model in predicting inflows to newly developed regions. The fourth chapter investigates the patterns of individuals' movement at the city scale towards developing a predictive model for a persons' next visited location. The predictive accuracy is then increased by adding movement information of the population. The motivation behind the work of this thesis is derived from the demand of tools that provides fine-grained analysis of the complexity of human travel within cites. The approach takes advantage of the existing built infrastructures to sense the mobility of people eliminating the financial and temporal burdens of traditional methods. The outcomes of this work will assist both planners and the public in understanding the complexities of human mobility within their cities. Thesis Supervisor: Marta C. Gonzalez Title: Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Thesis Supervisor: Una-May O'Reilly Title: Principal Research Scientist, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab
Quantum state tomography with a single measurement setup

The field of quantum information relies on the crucial issue of characterizing quantum states from measurements. This is performed through a process called quantum state tomography (QST). However, QST requires a large number of measurements, each derived from a different physical observable corresponding to a different experimental setup. Changing the setup results in unwanted changes to the data, prolongs the measurement, and impairs assumptions made about noise. Here, we propose to overcome these drawbacks by performing QST with a single observable. A single observable can often be realized by a single setup, thereby considerably reducing the experimental effort. However, the information contained in a single observable is insufficient for full QST. To overcome the lack of sufficient measurements in a single observable, we increase the system dimension by adding an ancilla that couples to the information in the system and exploit the fact that the sought state is often close to a pure state. We demonstrate our approach on multiphoton states by recovering structured quantum states from a single observable in a single experimental setup.
Coupling semantics with things in the internet of the future: a survey

The internet of things promises to embed objects within internet, by providing location and search services, by integrating sensor data, user input and stored information. All this is going to be implemented with the support of a processing layer, which is distributed over the network and assures a smart behaviour, exhibited at a global and a local level. Given these premises, this paper explores different aspects connected to smartness, such as identification, representation and intelligence, both individual and collective. Contact points of the internet of things with semantic web and other initiatives, coming from the social web and business and research activities, are explored in a sort of journey through open challenges and achievements from related areas which are worth to be exploited.
Cyclic prefixed versus zero-padded-coherent optical OFDM systems' based MMSE equalization

This paper investigates the effects of zero padding and cyclic prefixing in channel equalization for coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) system. Two equalization-based algorithms, namely zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) based equalizers are employed for the system The computer simulation results show that the zero padded (ZP)-CO-OFDM system outperforms its counterpart, the CP-CO-OFDM system. These results indicate that the ZP-CO-OFDM system can mitigate effects of the fiber link such as chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion better than the CP-CO-OFDM system. The results also show that the MMSE based equalizer only slightly outperforms the ZF-based equalizer, that has associated low computational complexity, in the ZP-CO-OFDM system.
Individual Timp Deficiencies Differentially Impact Pro-MMP-2 Activation*

Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) have emerged as key enzymes in tumor cell biology. The importance of MT1-MMP, in particular, is highlighted by its ability to activate pro-MMP-2 at the cell surface through the formation of a trimolecular complex comprised of MT1-MMP/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2)/pro-MMP-2. TIMPs 1-4 are physiological MMP inhibitors with distinct roles in the regulation of pro-MMP-2 processing. Here, we have shown that individual Timp deficiencies differentially affect MMP-2 processing using primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Timp-3 deficiency accelerated pro-MMP-2 activation in response to both cytochalasin D and concanavalin A. Exogenous TIMP-2 and N-TIMP-3 inhibited this activation, whereas TIMP-3 containing matrix from wild-type MEFs did not rescue the enhanced MMP-2 activation in Timp-3-/- cells. Increased processing of MMP-2 did not arise from increased expression of MT1-MMP, MT2-MMP, or MT3-MMP or altered expression of TIMP-2 and MMP-2. To test whether increased MMP-2 processing in Timp-3-/- MEFs is dependent on TIMP-2, double deficient Timp-2-/-/-3-/- MEFs were used. In these double deficient cells, the cleavage of pro-MMP-2 to its intermediate form was substantially increased, but the subsequent cleavage of intermediate-MMP-2 to fully active form, although absent in Timp-2-/- MEFs, was detectable with combined Timp-2-/-/-3-/- deficiency. TIMP-4 associates with MMP-2 and MT1-MMP in a manner similar to TIMP-3, but its deletion had no effect on pro-MMP-2 processing. Thus, TIMP-3 provides an inherent regulation over the kinetics of pro-MMP-2 processing, serving at a level distinct from that of TIMP-2 and TIMP-4.
On the Concept of Health Capital and the Demand for Health

The aim of this study is to construct a model of the demand for the commodity "good health. " The central proposition of the model is that health can be viewed as a durable capital stock that produces an output of healthy time. It is assumed that individuals inherit an initial stock of health that depreciates with age and can be increased by investment. In this framework, the "shadow price" of health depends on many other variables besides the price of medical care. It is shown that the shadow price rises with age if the rate of depreciation on the stock of health rises over the life cycle and falls with education if more educated people are more efficient producers of health. Of particular importance is the conclusion that, under certain conditions, an increase in the shadow price may simultaneously reduce the quantity of health demanded and increase the quantity of medical care demanded.
A randomized phase II clinical trial of high-dose nicotine patch therapy for smokeless tobacco users.

INTRODUCTION Nicotine patch therapy has not been shown to be efficacious for increasing long-term (≥6 months) tobacco abstinence rates among smokeless tobacco (ST) users. Higher doses of nicotine patch therapy may be needed to increase tobacco abstinence rates in this population of tobacco users. METHODS We randomized ST users who used ≥3 cans/pouches per week to either 8 weeks of high-dose nicotine patch therapy (42mg/day) or matching placebo patch. Subjects were followed for 6 months after randomization. RESULTS Fifty-two subjects were randomized. Compared with placebo, high-dose nicotine patch therapy was associated with significantly higher prolonged tobacco abstinence at end-of-treatment (44% vs. 22%, odds ratio [OR] = 2.7, p = .050) and 3 months (40% vs. 19%, OR = 2.9, p = .047). High-dose nicotine patch therapy was associated with significant weight gain attenuation among tobacco abstinence subjects at 3 months (p = .013) and 6 months (p = .018). Compared with placebo, high-dose nicotine patch therapy was associated with nonsignificantly lower nicotine withdrawal scores. Adverse events were not significantly increased with high-dose nicotine patch therapy. CONCLUSIONS High-dose nicotine patch therapy is safe and increases short-term tobacco abstinence rates among ST users who use ≥3 cans/pouches per week. High-dose nicotine patch therapy is associated with significant long-term attenuation of weight gain. Future studies to investigate the long-term efficacy of high-dose nicotine patch therapy and the comparative efficacy of this approach compared with standard nicotine patch doses for ST users seems warranted.
Depth-of-Field Enhancement in Integral Imaging by Selective Depth-Deconvolution

One of the major drawbacks of the integral imaging technique is its limited depth of field. Such limitation is imposed by the numerical aperture of the microlenses. In this paper, we propose a method to extend the depth of field of integral imaging systems in the reconstruction stage. The method is based on the combination of deconvolution tools and depth filtering of each elemental image using disparity map information. We demonstrate our proposal presenting digital reconstructions of a 3-D scene focused at different depths with extended depth of field.
The Challenges of Visual-Kinaesthetic Experience

Virtual reality experiences typically isolate the user from the real world. Notions of immersion are conventionally associated with the idea of convincing users that they are in another place, disassociated from physical reality. Given the user is however situated in that physical reality, kinesthetic bodily sensations often conflict with the virtual reality. In this paper we seek to elucidate the challenges associated with developing Visual-Kinaesthetic Experiences - experiences which provide related visual and kinaesthetic spectacle. Rather than use complex motion platforms, we submit here that physical reality is replete with interesting kinaesthetic experiences, which may be repurposed by the application of new visuals to create engaging hybrid experiences. We approach this by describing the development and deployment of Oscillate - a virtual reality experience that takes place on a swing, using it as an example to draw out what makes such experiences intrinsically interesting, and to construct three design challenges for this space.