Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neighbourhood food environments and body mass index among New York City adults

Background Studies evaluating the impact of the neighbourhood food environment on obesity have summarised the density or proximity of individual food outlets. Though informative, there is a need to consider the role of the entire food environment; however, few measures of whole system attributes have been developed. New variables measuring the food environment were derived and used to study the association with body mass index (BMI). Methods Individual data on BMI and sociodemographic characteristics were collected from 48 482 respondents of the 2002–2006 community health survey in New York City and linked to residential zip code-level characteristics. The food environment of each zip code was described in terms of the diversity of outlets (number of types of outlets present in a zip code), the density of outlets (outlets/km2) and the proportion of outlets classified as BMI-unhealthy (eg, fast food, bodegas). Results Results of the cross-sectional, multilevel analyses revealed an inverse association between BMI and food outlet density (−0.32 BMI units across the IQR, 95% CI −0.45 to −0.20), a positive association between BMI and the proportion of BMI-unhealthy food outlets (0.26 BMI units per IQR, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.43) and no association with outlet diversity. The association between BMI and the proportion of BMI-unhealthy food outlets was stronger in lower (<median for % poverty) poverty zip codes than in high-poverty zip codes. Conclusions These results support a more nuanced assessment of the impact of the food environment and its association with obesity.
ARCH Body Mass Index ( BMI ) and Risk of Noncardiac Postoperative Medical Complications in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients : A Population-Based Study

John A. Batsis, MD Jeanne M. Huddleston, MD L. Joseph Melton III, MD, MPH Paul M. Huddleston, MD, MSc Dirk R. Larson, MS Rachel E. Gullerud, BS M. Molly McMahon, MD 1 Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Hospital Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. 3 Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Early detection of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer

Abstract Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACC) is one of the most serious complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly in ulcerative colitis (UC); it accounts for approximately 15% of all-causes mortality among IBD patients. Because CACC shows a worse prognosis and higher mortality than sporadic colorectal cancer, early detection is critical. Colonoscopy is primarily recommended for surveillance and several advanced endoscopic imaging techniques are emerging. In addition, recent studies have reported on attempts to develop clinically relevant biomarkers for surveillance using various biosamples, which may become high-performance screening tools in the future, so the best approach and technique for cancer surveillance in long-standing UC patients remain under debate. This review gives a comprehensive description and summary about what progress has been made in terms of early CACC detection.
Effect of Basil Leaves Extracted Juice Addition on Mayonnaise and Cake Oxidative Stability and Their Sensory Characteristics

The effect of basil leaves juice (BLJ) levels ranged between 0% and 1.5% on oxidative stability, and sensory characteristics of mayonnaise and cake were studied during 12 weeks for mayonnaise or 6 week for cake storage period. The pH value of mayonnaise significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with increasing storage period. Its decreasing rates in mayonnaise samples prepared using 1.0 and 1.5% (BLJ) were significantly (p< 0.05) lower than that in the control. In addition, the treated samples had acid values significantly lower than that of the control sample at the end of storage period. After mayonnaise storage for 12 weeks, the values of peroxide were 23.2, 7.8 and 5.3 meq kg at levels 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% addition respectively, acid values were 3.9, 3.0 and 2.8mmol kg-1 for the same levels respectively, while peroxide values were 6.2, 4.7 and 3.8meq kg at levels 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% addition respectively, acid values were 3.4, 3.0 and 1.8mmol kg for the same levels respectively after cake storage for 6 weeks, respectively, for cake prepared using 0.5, 1.0% and 1.5% (BLJ) with a significant differences with the control sample after 12 week of storage to mayonnaise that had 4.8mmol kg and 28.9meq kg, respectively. While in cake control sample after 6 week storage period there were 1.8mmol and 3.4 meq, respectively. Used concentrations at 1.0% and 1.5% of (BLJ) saved the sensory characteristics during storage period compared to the control sample which was refused at the end of storage after 12 weeks for mayonnaise and 6 weeks in cake. Baking quality of cakes was improved by (BLJ) addition at levels (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) and butylated hydroxytoluene BHT as a synthetic antioxidant. The results indicated no major changes were found in all baking quality parameters of cake. L* (lightness), a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) showed that the presence of (BLJ and BHT) produced lighter color compared to the untreated sample. (BLJ and BHT) were retarded cake rancidity and extended the storage period from 3 weeks in control to more than 6 weeks. (BLJ) was selected as natural antioxidants performing better than
Quantifying the Effects of Topology and Weight for Link Prediction in Weighted Complex Networks

In weighted networks, both link weight and topological structure are significant characteristics for link prediction. In this study, a general framework combining null models is proposed to quantify the impact of the topology, weight correlation and statistics on link prediction in weighted networks. Three null models for topology and weight distribution of weighted networks are presented. All the links of the original network can be divided into strong and weak ties. We can use null models to verify the strong effect of weak or strong ties. For two important statistics, we construct two null models to measure their impacts on link prediction. In our experiments, the proposed method is applied to seven empirical networks, which demonstrates that this model is universal and the impact of the topology and weight distribution of these networks in link prediction can be quantified by it. We find that in the USAir, the Celegans, the Gemo, the Lesmis and the CatCortex, the strong ties are easier to predict, but there are a few networks whose weak edges can be predicted more easily, such as the Netscience and the CScientists. It is also found that the weak ties contribute more to link prediction in the USAir, the NetScience and the CScientists, that is, the strong effect of weak ties exists in these networks. The framework we proposed is versatile, which is not only used to link prediction but also applicable to other directions in complex networks.
Effects of climate on soil phosphorus cycle and availability in natural terrestrial ecosystems

Climate is predicted to change over the 21st century. However, little is known about how climate change can affect soil phosphorus (P) cycle and availability in global terrestrial ecosystems, where P is a key limiting nutrient. With a global database of Hedley P fractions and key‐associated physiochemical properties of 760 (seminatural) natural soils compiled from 96 published studies, this study evaluated how climate pattern affected soil P cycle and availability in global terrestrial ecosystems. Overall, soil available P, indexed by Hedley labile inorganic P fraction, significantly decreased with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation (MAP). Hypothesis‐oriented path model analysis suggests that MAT negatively affected soil available P mainly by decreasing soil organic P and primary mineral P and increasing soil sand content. MAP negatively affected soil available P both directly and indirectly through decreasing soil primary mineral P; however, these negative effects were offset by the positive effects of MAP on soil organic P and fine soil particles, resulting in a relatively minor total MAP effect on soil available P. As aridity degree was mainly determined by MAP, aridity also had a relatively minor total effect on soil available P. These global patterns generally hold true irrespective of soil depth (≤10 cm or >10 cm) or site aridity index (≤1.0 or >1.0), and were also true for the low‐sand (≤50%) soils. In contrast, available P of the high‐sand (>50%) soils was positively affected by MAT and aridity and negatively affected by MAP. Our results suggest that temperature and precipitation have contrasting effects on soil P availability and can interact with soil particle size to control soil P availability.
A Survey on CAPTCHA as Graphical Password

: There are various challenges to be faced to provide security to Web applications. To reach the backend problems attackers use information that is not validated before by any Web applications. Unauthorized functions are used to access to other accounts. There are various injection flaws in which malicious commands are embedded in parameters and the external system executes the commands accordingly on behalf of the Web application. Improper coding results in weak protection of web applications that use cryptographic functions to protect information and credentials. Thus, in various ways access to the Web application is provided with security. Applications are such that they are robust against input data of all forms be it user, database or any other external entity. CAPTCHA stand for Completely Automated Public Turning Test to Tell Computers and Humans. It is a test that authenticated users have to pass the test to gain access to their respective mail accounts. Malicious programs like bots, attack the accounts that are a threat to the data integrity, privacy, and confidentiality. To avoid this, CAPTCHA was introduced. Here all type of CAPTCHA and their drawbacks are going to describe.
Sperm stratification and paternity success in red flour beetles

When females are inseminated by multiple males, male paternity success (sperm precedence) is determined by the underlying processes of sperm storage and sperm utilization. Although informative for many questions, two-male sperm competition experiments may offer limited insight into natural mating scenarios when females are likely to mate with several males. In this study, genetic markers in Tribolium castaneum are used to trace paternity for multiple sires, and to determine whether displacement of stored sperm that occurs after a third mating equally affects both previous mates, or if fertilizations are disproportionately lost by the female’s most recent mate. For 20 days after triple-matings, first males retain significantly higher paternity success (relative to first male paternity in double-matings) compared with second males. These results demonstrate that when females remate before sperm mixing occurs, sperm stratification results in differential loss of sperm from the most recent mate. This study provides insight into the mechanisms underlying sperm precedence in a promiscuous mating system, and suggests that T. castaneum females could limit paternity success of particular mates by remating with more highly preferred males.
An efficient EAP‐based proxy signature handover authentication scheme for WRANs over TV white space

The wireless regional area networks (WRANs) operates in the very high frequency and ultra high frequency television white space bands regulated by the IEEE 802.22 standard. The IEEE 802.22 standard supports Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)‐based authentication scheme. Due to the participation of a server and the information exchanged between a customer primes equipment and the secondary user base station, it takes around 50 ms to complete a complete EAP authentication that cannot be accepted in a handover procedure in WRANs. In this paper, we propose an EAP‐based proxy signature (EPS) handover authentication scheme for WRANs. The customer primes equipment and secondary user base station accomplish a handover authentication without entailing the server by using the proxy signature. Approved by the logic derivation by Burrows, Abadi, and Needham logic and formal verification by Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications, we can conclude that the proposed EPS scheme can obtain mutual authentication and hold the key secrecy with a strong antiattack ability. Additionally, the performance of the EPS scheme in terms of the authentication delay has been investigated by simulation experiments with the results showing that the EPS scheme is much more efficient in terms of low computation delay and less communication resources required than the security scheme regulated in IEEE 802.22 standard.
Forbidden versus permitted interactions: Disentangling processes from patterns in ecological network analysis

Abstract Several studies have identified the tendency for species to share interacting partners as a key property to the functioning and stability of ecological networks. However, assessing this pattern has proved challenging in several regards, such as finding proper metrics to assess node overlap (sharing), and using robust null modeling to disentangle significance from randomness. Here, we bring attention to an additional, largely neglected challenge in assessing species’ tendency to share interacting partners. In particular, we discuss and illustrate with two different case studies how identifying the set of “permitted” interactions for a given species (i.e. interactions that are not impeded, e.g. by lack of functional trait compatibility) is paramount to understand the ecological and co‐evolutionary processes at the basis of node overlap and segregation patterns.
Differential operators on domains with conical points: precise uniform regularity estimates

We study families of strongly elliptic, second order differential operators with singular coefficients on domains with conical points. We obtain uniform estimates on their inverses and on the regularity of the solutions to the associated Poisson problem with mixed boundary conditions. The coefficients and the solutions belong to (suitable) weighted Sobolev spaces. The space of coefficients is a Banach space that contains, in particular, the space of smooth functions. Hence, our results extend classical well-posedness results for strongly elliptic equations in domains with conical points to problems with singular coefficients. We furthermore provide precise uniform estimates on the norms of the solution operators.
MR‐proADM as a Prognostic Marker in Patients With ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction—DANAMI‐3 (a Danish Study of Optimal Acute Treatment of Patients With STEMI) Substudy

Background Midregional proadrenomedullin (MR‐proADM) has demonstrated prognostic potential after myocardial infarction (MI). Yet, the prognostic value of MR‐proADM at admission has not been examined in patients with ST‐segment–elevation MI (STEMI). Methods and Results The aim of this substudy, DANAMI‐3 (The Danish Study of Optimal Acute Treatment of Patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction), was to examine the associations of admission concentrations of MR‐proADM with short‐ and long‐term mortality and hospital admission for heart failure in patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Outcomes were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models and area under the curve using receiver operating characteristics. In total, 1122 patients were included. The median concentration of MR‐proADM was 0.64 nmol/L (25th–75th percentiles, 0.53–0.79). Within 30 days 23 patients (2.0%) died and during a 3‐year follow‐up 80 (7.1%) died and 38 (3.4%) were admitted for heart failure. A doubling of MR‐proADM was, in adjusted models, associated with an increased risk of 30‐day mortality (hazard ratio, 2.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–7.11; P=0.049), long‐term mortality (hazard ratio, 3.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.97–5.29; P<0.0001), and heart failure (hazard ratio, 2.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.32–5.58; P=0.007). For 30‐day and 3‐year mortality, the area under the curve for MR‐proADM was 0.77 and 0.78, respectively. For 3‐year mortality, area under the curve (0.84) of the adjusted model marginally changed (0.85; P=0.02) after addition of MR‐proADM. Conclusions Elevation of admission MR‐proADM was associated with long‐term mortality and heart failure, whereas the association with short‐term mortality was borderline significant. MR‐proADM may be a marker of prognosis after ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction but does not seem to add substantial prognostic information to established clinical models. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.ClinicalTrials. gov/. Unique identifiers: NCT01435408 and NCT01960933.
Investigating the moderating effect of information sources on cruise tourist behaviour in a port of call

The aim of the study is to examine how destination knowledge acquired by cruisers through different information sources (online versus others) can moderate destination image formation and the relationship of image–satisfaction–behavioural intentions in a port of call. A multiple group analysis with partial least square method was carried out using data collected from a major tourism destination in Spain: Valencia. The findings revealed knowledge acquired through different information sources is a moderator of the image–satisfaction and satisfaction–behavioural intention relationships. The destination image formation is also significantly different from one group to the other. The findings of this study have a number of practical implications.
Addressing structural and linguistic heterogeneity in the Web

An increasing number of structured knowledge bases have become available on the Web, enabling many new forms of analyses and applications. However, the fact that the data is being published by different parties with different vocabularies and ontologies means that there is a high degree of heterogeneity and no common schema. At the same time, the abundance of different human languages across unstructured data presents a similar problem, because most text mining tools only cater to the English language. This paper presents solutions for these two kinds of heterogeneity. It introduces Klint, a Web-based system that automatically creates mappings to transform knowledge from heterogeneous sources into FrameBase, which is a broad linked data schema that enables the representation of a wide range of knowledge. With Klint, a user can review and edit the mappings with a streamlined interface, which in turn allows for human-level accuracy with minimum human effort. The paper further describes how FrameBase can be extended to support multilingual labels, which can aid in extending current tools for integrating English text into FrameBase knowledge.
Reliable H∞ control for nonlinear discrete-time systems with multiple intermittent faults in sensors or actuators

ABSTRACT This study proposes a fault-tolerant control method for stochastic systems with multiple intermittent faults (IFs) and nonlinear disturbances, and both sensor and actuator faults are considered. The occurrence and disappearance of IFs are governed by Markov chain, and its transition probabilities are partly known. Hence, the faulty system can be described by a Markovian jump system (MJS). In order to ensure that the MJS is stochastically stable and satisfies H∞ performance index, mode-dependent output feedback controllers are modelled using linear matrix inequalities. Numerous sufficient conditions for stochastic stability are obtained on the basis of Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed method is evaluated on the three-tank system.
Unpacking hunger on campus: an analysis of the WSU Hunger Awareness Initiative

The present study reports phase 1 results of an on-going community-based, participatory initiative to enhance understanding of hunger issues on campus, the WSU Hunger Awareness Initiative. Data were collected through surveys made available online through a social media campaign directed toward the WSU community, during a foodpackaging event, and through focus group discussions. Results indicated that while hunger stories varied widely among participants, several themes were found within participant groups. Stories offered by international and graduate students indicated that food insecurity was an issue for them. The WSU Hunger Awareness initiative is the first step in a coordinated effort to understand hunger and food security awareness on college campuses.
Collagen Type III Metabolism Evaluation in Patients with Malignant Head and Neck Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy

Ionizing radiation affects the metabolism of key proteins of extracellular matrix including type III collagen, an important component of human skin. The aim of the work is an analysis of the impact of radical and palliative radiotherapy on collagen type III synthesis in patients with head and neck cancer. The test group consisted of 56 males with histopathologically confirmed head and neck cancer, for whom radiotherapy was applied as a form of radical or palliative treatment. The level of procollagen III aminoterminal propeptide (PIIINP), which is a marker of collagen type III synthesis, was determined in blood serum before radiotherapy, immediately following radiotherapy, and 3 months after it was finished. As a result of radical radiotherapy a statistically significant decrease of PIIINP levels in serum (p < 0.0001) was observed, both immediately after the radiotherapy and 3 months after the end of the treatment. Also the palliative radiotherapy caused a significant decrease of PIIINP right after the treatment (p = 0.0052), as well as during the examination performed 3 months later (p = 0.0004). The achieved results suggest that PIIINP can be used as a marker helpful in assessing radiation damage to connective tissue.