Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The VLIW Machine: A Multiprocessor for Compiling Scientific Code

years of sequential programming, can we realistically expect to gain speedup with parallel architectures by developing parallel code? With very long instruction word machines, we may not have to. Most of us agree that highly parallel hardware is the natural solution for speeding up computation. Unfortunately , while we are confident about building large parallel machines, we must question our ability to produce parallel, general-purpose scientific code. Many feel that this inability stems from 30 years of programming sequential architectures, calling it the "von Neunmann mindset. " The feeling is that once there are enough parallel architectures around and enough bright programmers to use them, a parallel programming methodology will develop naturally. Many parallel architectures acre being developed today, and this hypothesis wsill at least get a meaningful test. lf it is proved true, so much the better. It may also be proved false, since it may not be humanly possible to ssrite large, highly parallel, general-purpose scientific code. The arguments for this supposition go something like this: (1) So f'ar, we've been largely unsuccessful in asking programmers to express entire programs in parallel. (2) The architecture cannot require a close match between the algorithms and the hardware. When such a match occurs, it can certainly yield a great speed-up, but matches and the great speedups-are bound to be infrequent. Given a fixed structure in the hardware, it is unlikely to match the fixed structure of many algorithms. Some problems, such as many found in signal processing, do match vector machines well, for example. General-purpose code, however, doesn't often work. (3) The whole problem must run in parallel. Most scientific programs are built of simple inner loops and the highly irregular code that does the setting up, postprocessing, and special cases. It is unusual w hen more than 80 percent of the running time is in inner loops. Even if parallelism reduces the running time of the inner loops to zero, you can speed up the code only by a factor of five unless you find parallelism throughout the rest of the problem. These objections apply to both multiprocessors and vector machines. With multiprocessors, a programmer must identify large sections of code that are relatively data independent. With vector machines, a programmer must identif'y large operations that work on vectors as an aggregate. Even if a compiler can sometimes produce vector-ized code as some claim, I vector machines speed up only …
Novel metrics for evaluating improvement in discrimination: net reclassification and integrated discrimination improvement for normal variables and nested models

Net reclassification and integrated discrimination improvements have been proposed as alternatives to the increase in the area under the curve for evaluating improvement in the performance of risk assessment algorithms introduced by the addition of new phenotypic or genetic markers. In this paper, we demonstrate that in the setting of linear discriminant analysis, under the assumptions of multivariate normality, all three measures can be presented as functions of the squared Mahalanobis distance. This relationship affords an interpretation of the magnitude of these measures in the familiar language of effect size for uncorrelated variables. Furthermore, it allows us to conclude that net reclassification improvement can be viewed as a universal measure of effect size. Our theoretical developments are illustrated with an example based on the Framingham Heart Study risk assessment model for high‐risk men in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of emotions on executive functions in suicide attempters

Suicide has been associated with diverse risk factors, including alterations in executive functions and emotional processing. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the performance on executive functioning tasks with emotional content of suicide attempters. 75 subjects participated in the study, divided into 3 groups of 25 individuals each: a) suicide attempters with depressive symptoms; b) participants with depressive symptoms but no attempted suicide; and, c) non-depressed participants. Scales that evaluate depression, anxiety, impulsivity and the risk of suicide were applied, as were the original and emotional Stroop Tests, the Wisconsin Card-sorting task in its original and emotional versions, an Iowa-type gambling task, and the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF-A). The suicide attempters scored higher than the other two groups on the depression and motor impulsivity scales and on the category of change in the BRIEF-A. This group also had longer response times under conditions of interference and a higher number of reading errors on the original Stroop Test, compared to the non-depressed participants. Also, on the Iowa-type gambling task, those patients showed no improvement in their performance when the first and last blocks of trials were compared, in contrast to the results from the other two groups. No other differences were observed between the group of suicide attempters and the other two groups in their performance on the executive tasks. These results suggest that patients with suicidal tendencies present problems in inhibitory control in social contexts, together with subtle alterations in their executive functions. Copyrights belong to the Author(s). Suicidology Online (SOL) is a peer-reviewed open-access journal publishing under the Creative Commons License 3.0. Language: en
Exploring Multistreaming in the Universe

Visually striking large scale structures (LSS) such as galaxy filaments and clusters have been observed in cosmological surveys, and are composed of large numbers of galaxies. Even though there are theories for the formation and evolution of these cosmological structures, much remains to be understood, especially in the nonlinear regime of structure formation. This problem is now being attacked with the aid of high accuracy cosmological simulations. Associated with these simulations, there is a new challenge for data analysis. In this paper, we describe how visual analytics can help identify and characterize a particular set of features of interest in the evolution of the universe, the multistreaming events. As the name implies, different velocities (directions and magnitudes) can be observed in locations of such events. It is believed that these events are precursors to the formation of the LSS.
Wideband substrate integrated waveguide power divider

A wideband substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) power divider is proposed in this paper using the single-layer printed circuit board (PCB) process. The compact transition circuit between the microstrip line and the half-mode SIW (HSIW) lines in the proposed design can function not only as a transition but also as a power divider. A good impedance matching performance can be achieved due to the similar mode characteristics. Transitions between HSIW lines and SIW lines are investigated and employed to provide SIW outputs. A prototype power divider is designed and fabricated around 26 GHz to validate the design methodology. The measurement results are consistent well with the simulated results, showing that the prototype power divider can operate from 19.7 GHz to 33.3 GHz (51.3 %) with its reflection coefficient better than -10 dB and the insertion loss is around 0.7 dB.
A study of collisions in wireless network coding system

In recent years, Network Coding (NC) draws a lot of attentions because of its ability to improve the network throughput and enhance the network robustness and security. Some systems using network coding have been built. In this paper, we study collisions in wireless network coding system - COPE. Collisions introduced by network coding can be classified into two types, CodIng node Side Collision (CISC) and Receiver Side Collision (RISC). Then, we analyze the collision probability in different scenarios. To reduce CISC and RISC, we propose Collision Avoidance in Network coding (CAN). Our simulation results show that CAN can reduce the collision ratio significantly.
Verbes d'attitude propositionnelle et analyse discursive

Les theories rendant compte du texte a l'echelle discursive — c'est-a-dire dans sa globalite et non plus phrase par phrase — eprouvent generalement des difficultes a expliquer de maniere satisfaisante des segments qui ne sont pas de simples affirmations de l’auteur, ceux notamment introduits par un verbe d’attitude propositionnelle. Or de tels enonces sont tres frequents, en particulier dans les textes journalistiques. Savoir qui pense quoi et ce que l’auteur en dit est pourtant crucial, autant d’un point de vue theorique que pour de nombreuses applications de traitement automatique des langues telles que les systemes de recherche d’information, d’inferences semantiques ou de traduction automatique. C’est dans cette optique que nous nous proposons ici d’etudier et de modeliser les interactions entre les verbes d’attitude propositionnelle et la structure discursive.
Peripheral expression of LACK-mRNA induced by intranasal vaccination with PCI-NEO-LACK defines the protection duration against murine visceral leishmaniasis

SUMMARY LACK (Leishmania analogue of the receptor kinase C) is a conserved protein in the protozoan of the genus Leishmania, which is associated with the immunopathogenesis and susceptibility of BALB/c mice to Leishmania major infection. We previously demonstrated that intranasal immunization with a plasmid DNA encoding the p36/LACK leishmanial antigen (pCI-neo-LACK) followed by challenge 7 days after a booster dose effectively protects BALB/c mice against both cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. In the present study, the correlation between systemic mRNA expression after nasal DNA uptake, and the duration of protective immunity was addressed. LACK mRNA transcripts were detected in the spleen, brain, cervical lymph nodes and popliteal lymph nodes as early as 7 days, lasting 3 months after vaccination with pCI-neo-LACK. The kinetics of transcript expression correlated with enhanced cutaneous hypersensitivity against parasite antigens. Leishmania chagasi infection at 7 days or 3 months, but not 6 months after vaccination resulted in significantly lower parasite loads as compared with non-vaccinated controls. Protection also correlated with enhanced spleen cell responsiveness to parasite antigens leading to increased IFN- γ and IL-4 and decreased IL-10 production. Together, these data demonstrate that the protection conferred by the intranasal DNA vaccine lasts at least 3 months and is associated with expression of vaccine mRNA in peripheral organs.
Genome Sequence of Bacillus cereus Strain A1, an Efficient Starch-Utilizing Producer of Hydrogen

ABSTRACT Bacillus cereus strain A1 is a newly isolated hydrogen producer capable of utilizing bioresources and biowaste, such as starch and starch wastewater. Here, we present a 5.67-Mb assembly of the genome sequence of strain A1, which may provide insights into the molecular mechanism of hydrogen production from bioresources and biowaste.
Rapid isolation of Yersinia spp. from feces

Direct plating or cold enrichment or both have been used to isolate Yersinia spp. from feces. Freeze-shock double enrichment and KOH treatment have been recommended for recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica from surface waters and food, respectively. These techniques were evaluated as alternatives for rapid recovery of Yersinia spp. from feces. Stool samples were homogenized in buffered saline and autoclaved. Escherichia coli. Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were each added to the suspension at a final concentration of 1.5 x 10(6) colony-forming units per ml. Yersinia cells were then added to a final concentration of 1.5 x 10(3), 1.5 x 10(4), 1.5 x 10(5), or 1.5 x 10(6) colony-forming units per ml. A total of 21 strains of Y. enterocolitica, 2 of Yersinia kristensenii, and 1 each of Yersinia intermedia and Yersinia fredriksenii were tested. For freeze-shock double enrichment, seeded stool samples were frozen overnight (-70 degrees C), transferred successively to m-tetrathionate broth (6 h. 37 degrees C) and selenite broth (2 h 37 degrees C), and plated on MacConkey, salmonella-shigella, and cellobiose-arginine-lysine agars for quantitation. For KOH treatment, seeded stool samples were mixed with 0.5% KOH at a ratio of 1:2 for 2 min and plated as described above. E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa were virtually eliminated after either method was used. All Yersinia strains were recovered after KOH treatment even at the lowest initial concentration (1.5 x 10(3) colony-forming units per ml). However, after freeze-shock double enrichment, not all strains were retrievable, and those isolates which were recovered were grown only from samples containing the highest number of Yersinia strains (1.5 x 10(6) colony-forming units per ml). KOH treatment of stool samples seems to be a viable substitute for more protracted methods of recovering Yersinia spp.
Metalotioneínas de Tetrahymena: biodiversidad molecular, adaptación a metales, cepas knockout y/o knockdown y potencial utilización en biorremediación

Algunos metales son esenciales en multiples procesos biologicos pero otros, sin embargo,se incluyen entre los contaminantes mas abundantes y persistentes del planeta, llegando a serconsiderados como prioritarios. Los seres vivos han desarrollado una serie de mecanismos deresistencia frente a estos contaminantes, entre los que se encuentran el secuestro intracelularo la bioacumulacion de los cationes metalicos mediante diversas moleculas queladoras, talescomo: las fitoquelatinas, las metalotioneinas o el glutation.Las metalotioneinas (MTs) constituyen una superfamilia de proteinas citosolicas de bajopeso molecular, capaces de quelar metales pesados a traves de sus numerosos residuos decisteina. Se han descrito MTs en multitud de organismos diferentes: vertebrados (incluyendo elser humano), invertebrados, plantas y microorganismos eucariotas o procariotas, existiendoentre ellas una gran heterogeneidad estructural y funcional. Las MTs del ciliado Tetrahymena(incluidas en la familia 7) muestran un especial interes ya que presentan caracteristicas unicasfrente a las MTs clasicas descritas en otros organismos, tales como su mayor longitud ycontenido total en residuos de cisteinas asi como su mayor capacidad de quelacion de metal.
Switching Control System Based on Largest of Maximum (LOM) Defuzzification - Theory and Application

Switching control signals are used to activate and deactivate system actuator periodically based on saturation limits. Switching control system which produces level switching signals (two levels or three levels) are known as level switching control system. Level switching control systems are inexpensive to implement (T.H. Jensen, 2003), but their drawback is that the control systems become non-linear (Slotine et al, 1991; T.H. Jensen, 2003). Two types of level switching control systems are available; bang-bang and bang-off-bang control systems. Bang-bang control system which has two level outputs is used as time optimal control, but it leads to oscillation (Mark Ole Hilstad, 2002). The oscillation can be reduced by using bangoff-bang control system, which has three level outputs, but it requires more time to reach steady state. Sample switching signals are shown in figure 6. As can be seen, figure 6(c) shows two levels switching signals in which the output is either 1 or -1 and figure 6(d) shows three levels switching signals in which the output is 1, 0, or -1.
PMF: A Stereo Correspondence Algorithm Using a Disparity Gradient Limit

The advantages of solving the stereo correspondence problem by imposing a limit on the magnitude of allowable disparity gradients are examined. It is shown how the imposition of such a limit can provide a suitable balance between the twin requirements of disambiguating power and the ability to deal with a wide range of surfaces. Next, the design of a very simple stereo algorithm called PMF is described. In conjunction with certain other constraints used in many other stereo algorithms, PMF employs a limit on allowable disparity gradients of 1, a value that coincides with that reported for human stereoscopic vision. The excellent performance of PMF is illustrated on a series of natural and artificial stereograms. Finally, the differences between the theoretical justification for the use of disparity gradients for solving the stereo correspondence problems presented in the paper and others that exist in the stereo algorithm literature are discussed.
Stability and Operation of Injection-Locked Regenerative Frequency Dividers

Injection-locked regenerative frequency dividers can achieve a fractional division ratio similar to regenerative frequency dividers and can provide quadrature output phases. An analysis of the steady-state operation, stability, and phase noise of injection-locked regenerative frequency dividers is presented. In addition, two-stage ring oscillators (based on negative-resistance delay cells) are studied, and their steady-state free-running operation and injection-locked behavior are investigated. Simulation results based on the equations derived in this paper are compared with circuit simulations to examine the accuracy of our analysis, which is quantified in different parts of this paper.
A high efficiency current-mode DC-DC step-down converter with wide range of output current

This paper presents a high efficiency current-mode DC-DC step-down converter with wide range of output current. The converter adaptively operates as Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM). An on-chip current sensing technique is employed to reduce external components and no extra I/O pins are needed for the current-mode controller. A soft-start operation is designed to eliminate the excess large current during the startup of the regulator. The circuit has been designed with TSMC 2P4M 0.35 µm CMOS process. The range of the supply voltage is from 2 to 5V, which is suitable for single-cell lithium-ion battery.
Vivaldi Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting

Energy harvesting is a future technology for capturing ambient energy from the environment to be recycled to feed low-power devices. A planar antipodal Vivaldi antenna is presented for gathering energy from GSM, WLAN, UMTS and related applications. The designed antenna has the potential to be used in energy harvesting systems. Moreover, the antenna is suitable for UWB applications, because it operates according to FCC regulations (3.1–10.6 GHz). The designed antenna is printed on ARLON 600 substrate and operates in frequency band from 0.810 GHz up to more than 12 GHz. Experimental results show good conformity with simulated performance.
Efficient Optimization Methods for Energy Systems

Energiesysteme sind ein wichtiger Teil unseres Alltags. Aus akademischer Sicht sind sie von besonderem Interesse, da sie durch Modelle reprasentiert werden konnen, die sich auf vielfaltige Bereiche ubertragen lassen. Abhangig vom Abstraktionslevel konnen bspw. Wasserleitungen oder Finanzmarkte ahnlich modelliert werden. Aufgrund der steigenden Bedeutung von nachhaltigem Energiegebrauch liegt der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit jedoch auf Modellierungs- und Losungsansatzen zur Optimierung von Energiesystemen. In Teil 1 wird als Beispiel fur ein multikriterielles Optimierungsproblem die Planung des Layouts eines Photovoltaikkraftwerkes behandelt. Dabei werden drei voneinander abhangige Probleme betrachtet: das Packungsproblem, Clustering und das Problem des Handlungsreisenden. Mit Hilfe der Eigenschaften, die fur das Anwendungsgebiet typisch sind, finden wir die Losung mittels effizienter Heuristiken und Approximierungsalgorithmen. In Teil 2 wird ein Verkehrssystem als Beispiel fur ein komplexes, verteiltes System betrachtet. Es wird eine “Shock Absorber”- Strategie entwickelt, die die Verkehrsdynamik durch eine einfache Regel verbessert. Die Regel verwendet ausschlieslich lokale Informationen und erfordert keine Zusatzausrustung an Bord der Fahrzeuge. Zur Unterstutzung der theoretischen Ergebnisse wird die Regel in einem Verkehrssimulator implementiert und getestet. Die Simulation zeigt, dass – selbst wenn nur ein Teil der Verkehrsteilnehmer die Regel befolgt – die Effizienz des Systems erhoht werden kann. Wenn Energietransport und -transformation als Netzwerkfluss modelliert wird, gilt es die systemimmanenten Nichtlinearitaten zu berucksichtigen. Die theoretischen Grundlagen hierfur werden in Teil 3 dieser Arbeit beschrieben. Dafur werden als Weiterentwicklung des klassischen und des generalisierten Netzwerkflussproblem die Definitionen des Residualnetzwerks, die Konstruktion der Flusserhohung entlang von Pfaden und das Theorem zur Flussdekomposition auf das nichtlineare Netzwerkflussproblem erweitert. Auf Basis der Theorie aus Teil 3 wird der Implementierungsaspekt addressiert. Typischerweise werden dazu nicht-lineare Funktionen durch abschnittsweise lineare Funktionen approximiert und in gemischt-ganzzahligen linearen Programmen verwendet. Das hierbei auftretende Problem ist die Grose der Formulierungen. Wir verwenden die Eigenschaften, die fur Modelle von Energiesystemen typisch sind, und reduzieren dadurch die Grose derartiger Formulierungen.
Polyoma virus mutant with normal transforming ability but impaired tumorigenic potential

Cloned DNA from the P155 mutant of polyoma virus transforms cells in culture as efficiently as wild-type DNA, but has a much lower tumorigenic potential when injected into newborn rats. Like cells transformed by wild-type DNA, cells transformed by the mutant DNA grow in low serum concentrations, form colonies in agar suspension, and grow to high saturation densities compared with untransformed cells. They are, however, much less tumorigenic since they transplant 100- to 2,000-fold less efficiently than cells transformed by wild-type DNA. Substitution of the region between 89.7 and 1.8 map units by the corresponding region of P155 DNA decreased the tumorigenicity of wild-type DNA. When this region was isolated from wild-type DNA and substituted in P155 DNA, the tumorigenicity of the latter increased to values comparable to those of wild-type DNA. This showed that the lesion affecting tumorigenicity occurred between 89.7 and 1.8 map units on the polyoma virus genome. Sequence analysis in this region revealed a 12-base-pair deletion between nucleotides 1,347 and 1,360. This identified P155 as an mlt mutant, i.e., a mutant with a deletion from a region which encodes parts of the large and middle T antigens.