Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generation Z and the tourist experience: tourist stories and use of social networks

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand Gen Zers’ tourism experiences and more specifically, through their tourist practices and their use of social networks. It also explores how Gen Zers apprehends the concept of sustainable tourism. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a qualitative research approach. The study protocol was conducted in two phases. First, the authors did six semi-directive interviews of young people born between 1995 and 2002. For the second stage of the research, the authors chose the narrative research technique by asking 34 students born between 1995 and 1997 to write a micro story from their travel experience. Findings Although it is often presented as a narcissistic generation, seeking to put forward their “selves”, for example by posting selfies, this study reveals that Generation Z seems to show a great modesty during their tourist experiences. The results also show that sustainable tourism is not a key concept for the young people interviewed. Research limitations/implications Thus, it would be useful to carry out more interviews and to extend the fields of analysis. While certain rules have been respected in the selection of young respondents, the sample does not necessarily reflect all the dimensions characterizing this complex young generation. Social implications We know that Generation Y has been exposed to social networks, often without a filter. The results show that Generation Z is much more suspicious and vigilant with regard to social networks and their use. Originality/value This research used an innovative method. It shows how multidimensional this generation is and opens up many ways of research.
Level ground and uphill cycling efficiency in seated and standing positions.

PURPOSE This study was designed to examine the effects of cycling position (seated or standing) during level-ground and uphill cycling on gross external efficiency (GE) and economy (EC). METHODS Eight well-trained cyclists performed in a randomized order five trials of 6-min duration at 75% of peak power output either on a velodrome or during the ascent of a hill in seated or standing position. GE and EC were calculated by using the mechanical power output that was measured by crankset (SRM) and energy consumption by a portable gas analyzer (Cosmed K4b(2)). In addition, each subject performed three 30-s maximal sprints on a laboratory-based cycle ergometer or in the field either in seated or standing position. RESULTS GE and EC were, respectively, 22.4 +/- 1.5% (CV = 5.6%) and 4.69 +/- 0.33 kJ x L(-1) (CV = 5.7%) and were not different between level seated, uphill seated, or uphill standing conditions. Heart rate was significantly ( < 0.05) higher in standing position. In the uphill cycling trials, minute ventilation was higher ( < 0.05) in standing than in seated position. The average 30-s power output was higher ( < 0.01) in standing (803 +/- 103 W) than in seated position (635 +/- 123 W) or on the stationary ergometer (603 +/- 81 W). CONCLUSION Gradient or body position appears to have a negligible effect on external efficiency in field-based high-intensity cycling exercise. Greater short-term power can be produced in standing position, presumably due to a greater force developed per revolution. However, the technical features of the standing position may be one of the most determining factors affecting the metabolic responses.
Apoptosis of the Teratocarcinoma Cell Line Tera‐1 Leads to the Cleavage of HERV‐K10gag Proteins by Caspases and/or Granzyme B

Redistribution, post‐translational modifications and coclustering with viral antigens contribute to the immunogenicity of apoptotic cell‐derived autoantigens. Almost all known targets of the humoral autoimmune response in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are cleaved by caspases or granzyme B during apoptosis. Antibodies against retroviral proteins can frequently be detected in the sera of SLE patients without overt retroviral infections. These antibodies may represent cross‐reactive antibodies or may have been induced by proteins encoded by endogenous retroviral sequences. We used Tera‐1 cells that abundantly express a group‐specific antigen of human endogenous retroviruses, HERV‐K10gag polyprotein, to investigate its processing during apoptosis. Tera‐1 cells induced to undergo apoptosis showed an altered HERV‐K10gag processing compared with viable cells. In addition, granzyme B was able to cleave HERV‐K10gag isolated from viable Tera‐1 cells.
Character Strengths: A Study of Argentinean Soldiers

The primary objective of this research was to study the differences in positive traits between military and civilian college students and between cadets in their first and final years at a military academy. Second, the research aimed to study the relations between positive traits and the academic and military performance of cadets in their first and final years, according to the classification of positive traits by Peterson and Seligman (2004). To accomplish these objectives, a sample of university students from a military educational institution and a sample of civilian university students were studied. The instruments used were a 24-item self-report measure of positive traits, a measure of social desirability, and objective scores of academic and military performance. The results generally showed that when age and career stage were held constant, the scores of the military students were higher than the scores of the civilian students across various strengths. Military students reported higher levels of the character strength of spirituality than did civilian students. The relationships between strengths and performance differed for students in their first and final years at the military academy. In particular, cadets with the higher levels of academic or military performance in their last year, i.e., the cadets best adapted to the academy, reported higher levels of the character strength of persistence when compared to low-performing cadets in the same year of study. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron, por una parte, estudiar las diferencias en rasgos positivos entre estudiantes universitarios militares y civiles, y entre cadetes de primero y último año de una academia militar; y por otra, estudiar la relación entre los rasgos positivos y los rendimientos académicos y militares de cadetes de primero y de último año, siguiendo la clasificación de rasgos positivos de Peterson y Seligman (2004). Para ello se trabajó con una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de una institución militar educativa y con una muestra de estudiantes universitarios civiles. Se utilizó un autoinforme de rasgos positivos de 24 ítems, una medida de deseabilidad social y las calificaciones objetivas de los rendimientos académicos y militares. Los resultados generalmente mostraron que, equilibrados por edad y progreso en la carrera, las puntuaciones de los varones militares son más altas que las puntuaciones de los varones civiles en varias fortalezas. Se observó que los estudiantes militares muestran mayores niveles de la fortaleza espiritualidad que los estudiantes civiles. Son diferentes las relaciones entre las fortalezas y los rendimientos para primero y último año de cursada militar. Particularmente en el último curso, se observó que los cadetes de altos rendimientos académicos o militares, i. e. , los cadetes con mejor adaptación a la academia, muestran mayores niveles de la fortaleza persistencia, en comparación con los cadetes de bajos rendimientos del mismo año de estudios.
Glutamate uptake inhibitor L‐trans‐pyrrolidine 2,4‐dicarboxylate becomes neurotoxic in the presence of subthreshold concentrations of mitochondrial toxin 3‐nitropropionate: Involvement of mitochondrial reducing activity and ATP production

An increased concentration of extracellular glutamate is associated with neuronal damage induced by cerebral ischemia. We have demonstrated previously that exposure of cultured cerebellar granule neurons to L‐trans‐pyrrolidine‐2,4‐dicarboxylate (PDC), a glutamate uptake inhibitor, increases extracellular glutamate levels but does not induce neuronal damage. Coincubation of PDC, however, with a subthreshold concentration of the mitochondrial toxin, 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NP), results in severe damage to these neurons. We have investigated the time course of changes in mitochondrial reducing capacity and ATP levels in cerebellar granule cells after simultaneous exposure to 3‐NP and PDC, and its relation to cell viability and nuclear condensation. Although individually, 3‐NP and PDC treatments are not harmful to neurons, the simultaneous exposure to both compounds results in a progressive decline in mitochondrial reducing capacity during the first 4 hr, and a rapid decrease in ATP levels. At 4 hr, cells lose plasma membrane integrity and show condensed nuclei. In the presence of the energy substrates pyruvate and acetoacetate, the N‐methyl‐D‐apartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK‐801, and the spin trapper α‐phenyl‐N‐tert‐butylnitrone (PBN), the decline in mitochondrial activity and ATP levels is prevented, the number of condensed nuclei is reduced, and plasma membrane integrity is preserved. In contrast, the broad‐spectrum caspase inhibitor Z‐Asp‐DCB (Z‐Asp‐CH2‐DCB) prevents nuclear condensation but has no effect on mitochondrial reducing capacity or cell survival. Our results show that glutamate uptake impairment rapidly induces neuronal death during inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase by a mechanism involving mitochondrial dysfunction that, if not prevented, leads to cell death. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The external validity of MRI‐defined vascular depression

Multiple diagnostic criteria have been used to define vascular depression (VD). As a result, there are discrepancies in the clinical characteristics that have been established for the illness. The aim of this study was twofold. First, we used empirically established diagnostic criteria to determine the clinical characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐defined VD. Second, we assessed the agreement between a quantitative and qualitative method for identifying the illness.
Induction of adult levels of β-globin in human erythroid cells that intrinsically express embryonic or fetal globin by transduction with KLF1 and BCL11A-XL

A major barrier to the clinical use of erythrocytes generated in vitro from pluripotent stem cells or cord blood progenitors is failure of these erythrocytes to express adult hemoglobin. The key regulators of globin switching KLF1 and BCL11A are absent or at a lower level than in adult cells in K562 and erythroid cells differentiated in vitro from induced pluripotent stem cells and cord blood progenitors. Transfection or transduction of K562 and cord blood erythroid cells with either KLF1 or BCL11A-XL had little effect on β-globin expression. In contrast, transduction with both transcription factors stimulated β-globin expression. Similarly, increasing the level of BCL11A-XL in the induced pluripotent stem cell-derived erythroid cell line HiDEP-1, which has levels of endogenous KLF1 similar to adult cells but lacks BCL11A, resulted in levels of β-globin equivalent to that of adult erythroid cells. Interestingly, this increase in β-globin was coincident with a decrease in ε− and ζ−, but not γ-globin, implicating BCL11A in repression of embryonic globin expression. The data show that KLF1 and BCL11A-XL together are required, but sufficient to induce adult levels of β-globin in induced pluripotent stem cell and cord blood-derived erythroid cells that intrinsically express embryonic or fetal globin.
SProt - from local to global protein structure similarity

Similarity search in protein databases is one of the most essential issues in proteomics. With the growing number of experimentally solved protein structures, the focus shifted from sequence to structure. The area of structure similarity forms a big challenge since even no standard definition of optimal similarity exists in the field. In this paper, we propose a protein structure similarity method called SProt. SProt concentrates on high-quality modeling of local similarity in the process of feature extraction. SProt's features are based on spherical spatial neighborhood where similarity can be well defined. On top of the partial local similarities, global measure assessing similarity to a pair of protein structures is built. SProt outperforms other methods in classification accuracy, while it is at least comparable to the best existing solutions in terms of precision-recall or quality of alignment.
Discordant Influence of Blastomyces dermatitidis Yeast-Phase-Specific Gene BYS1 on Morphogenesis and Virulence

ABSTRACT Blastomyces dermatitidis is a thermally induced dimorphic fungus capable of causing lung and systemic infections in immunocompetent animal hosts. With the publication of genomic sequences from three different strains of B. dermatitidis and the development of RNA interference as a gene-silencing tool, it has become possible to easily ascertain the virulence and morphological effects of knocking down the expression of candidate genes of interest. BYS1 (Blastomyces yeast-phase-specific 1), first identified by Burg and Smith, is expressed at high levels in yeast cells and is undetectable in mold. The deduced protein sequence of BYS1 has a putative signal sequence at its N terminus, opening the possibility that the BYS1-encoded protein is associated with the yeast cell wall. Herein, strains of B. dermatitidis with silenced expression of BYS1 were engineered and tested for morphology and virulence. The silenced strains produced rough-surfaced cultures on agar medium and demonstrated a propensity to form pseudohyphal cells on prolonged culture in vitro and in vivo, as measured in the mouse lung. Tests using a mouse model of blastomycosis with either yeast or spore inocula showed that the bys1-silenced strains were as virulent as control strains. Thus, although silencing of BYS1 alters morphology at 37°C, it does not appear to impair the pathogenicity of B. dermatitidis.
The Effects of Varying Break Length on Attention and Time on Task

Objective: We aimed to discover how varying the length of task breaks would affect the time-on-task effect in subsequent testing periods. Background: An important means of preventing errors and accidents caused by mental fatigue and time on task is to intersperse rest intervals within long work periods. Most studies of rest pauses to date have examined their effects in real-world tasks and settings, and their subtler effects on behavior, as measurable by laboratory paradigms, are not well understood. Method: We studied a group of 71 participants as they completed a 1-hr auditory oddball task with two rest opportunities. Rest intervals were 1, 5, or 10 min long. Results: Improvements in reaction time were significantly positively associated with length of the rest break. However, longer breaks were also associated with steeper decrements in performance in the subsequent task block. Across individuals, the amount of immediate improvement correlated with the extent of later decline. Conclusion: Our results support a resource/effort-allocation model of fatigue, whereby longer breaks bias participants toward greater effort expenditure on resumption of the task when cognitive resources may not have been fully replenished. Application: These findings may have implications for the refinement of work-rest schedules in industries where time-on-task degradation in performance is an important concern.
A qualitative analysis of acute skin toxicity among breast cancer radiotherapy patients

Objectives: One of the most common acute side effects of breast cancer radiotherapy is treatment‐induced skin changes, referred to as skin toxicity. Yet no research to date has focused expressly on skin toxicity‐related quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer radiotherapy patients. Therefore, our aim was to use qualitative approaches to better understand the impact of skin toxicity on QOL.
Expression of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase is regulated negatively by OxyR1 and positively by RpoE2 sigma factor in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7.

OxyR proteins are LysR-type transcriptional regulators, which play an important role in responding to oxidative stress in bacteria. Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 harbours two copies of OxyR. The inactivation of the oxyR1, the gene organized divergently to ahpC in A. brasilense Sp7, led to an increased tolerance to alkyl hydroperoxides, which was corroborated by an increase in alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) activity, enhanced expression of ahpC :lacZ fusion and increased synthesis of AhpC protein in the oxyR1::km mutant. The upstream region of ahpC promoter harboured a putative OxyR binding site, T-N11-A. Mutation of T, A or both in the T-N11-Amotif caused derepression of ahpC in A. brasilense suggesting that T-N11-A might be the binding site for a negative regulator. Retardation of the electrophoretic mobility of the T-N11-A motif harbouring oxyR1-ahpC intergenic DNA by recombinant OxyR1, under reducing as well as oxidizing conditions, indicated that OxyR1 acts as a negative regulator of ahpC in A. brasilense. Sequence of the promoter of ahpC, predicted on the basis of transcriptional start site, and an enhanced expression of ahpC:lacZ fusion in chrR2::km mutant background suggested that ahpC promoter was RpoE2 dependent. Thus, this study shows that in A. brasilense Sp7, ahpC expression is regulated negatively by OxyR1 but is regulated positively by RpoE2, an oxidative-stress-responsive sigma factor. It also shows that OxyR1 regulates the expression RpoE1, which is known to play an important role during photooxidative stress in A. brasilense.
Microsatellite loci for assessing genetic diversity, dispersal and clonality of coral symbionts in ‘stress‐tolerant’ clade D Symbiodinium

Reef corals harbouring clade D Symbiodinium spp. (endosymbiotic dinoflagellates) appear more tolerant of environmental stress. As sea surface temperatures rise, symbioses involving Symbiodinium D may increase in prevalence. For this reason, eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for clade D Symbiodinium. From the analysis of 132 samples originating from cnidarian hosts in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, 4 to 35 alleles were found at each haploid locus and diversity indices ranged from 0.35 to 0.97. Population genetic analyses of these symbionts should reveal how environmental perturbations affect genetic diversity, geographical distributions, and possible host‐range expansions to new coral species.
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: risk factors and clinical outcome: results from affiliated hospitals of Catholic University of Korea

This study was undertaken to investigate clinical characteristics of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to determine risk factors and clinical outcomes of DAH in SLE patients. Among the 1521 patients with SLE admitted between January 1993 and June 2009 to affiliated hospitals of Catholic University of Korea, 21 SLE were admitted for DAH. The inclusion criteria for DAH was defined as new infiltrates on chest radiographs, an acute hemoglobin drop of at least 1.5 g/dl in the absence of an obvious source of bleeding, and one or more of the following signs: hemoptysis, hypoxemia, bronchoscopic or biopsy evidence of DAH. Included as disease controls were 83 SLE patients, matched for age and sex, who were admitted for other manifestations. Data based on medical records were analyzed retrospectively. There were no significantly differing demographic characteristics between SLE patients with DAH and those with other manifestations. Multivariate analysis demonstrated coexisting neuropsychiatric lupus (p = 0.002) and high SLE disease activity index scores (SLEDAI > 10) as independent risk factors in the development of DAH (p = 0.029). Among the 21 SLE patients with DAH, 13 died during the admission period (in-hospital mortality rate: 61.9%). Mortality was associated with infection and requirements of mechanical ventilation. Collectively, SLE patients who have neuropsychiatric manifestations or are in the active stage of the disease have an increased risk for developing DAH. Due to the high mortality of SLE patients with DAH, early recognition of risk factors and appropriate intervention is essential.
Phase relationship between cerebral blood flow velocity and blood pressure. A clinical test of autoregulation.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study investigates the usefulness, as a test of dynamic autoregulation, of phase shift angle analysis between oscillations in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and in arterial blood pressure (ABP) during deep breathing. METHODS Fifty healthy volunteers, 20 patients with occlusive cerebrovascular diseases (OCD), and 10 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) took part in the study. All subjects received transcranial Doppler monitoring of both middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). In addition, continuous blood pressure monitoring was performed with the use of noninvasive servo-controlled infrared finger plethysmography during deep breathing at a rate of 6/min. With the use of a high-pass filter model of autoregulation, autoregulation was quantified as phase shift angle between oscillations in CBFV and ABP at a frequency of 6/min. A phase shift angle of 0 degrees indicates total absence of autoregulation, while 90 degrees can be gauged as optimal autoregulation. In addition, vasomotor reactivity of both MCAs to CO2 stimulation was assessed among patients and calculated as percent increase in CBFV per millimeter of mercury of increase in CO2. RESULTS All normal subjects showed positive phase shift angles between CBFV and ABP (mean +/- SD, 70.5 +/- 29.8 degrees). OCD patients presented with significantly decreased phase shift angles for the MCA only on the pathological side (51.7 +/- 35.1 degrees; P < .05). Patients with AVM showed significantly reduced phase shift angles on both the affected side (26.8 +/- 13.5 degrees; P < .001) and the unaffected side (40.6 +/- 26.6 degrees; P < .01). In patients' groups, phase shift angle and vasomotor reactivity correlated significantly (r = .66; P < .001) after results from all MCAs were pooled. CONCLUSIONS Results confirm the high-pass filter model of cerebral autoregulation: Normal subjects showed predicted positive phase shift angles between CBFV and ABP oscillations. Patients with expected autoregulatory disturbances showed significant decreases in phase shift angles. Close correlations existed between autoregulation and CO2-induced vasomotor reactivity.