Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How mothers affect adolescents' future orientation: A two‐source analysis

To expand our knowledge of the effect of parents on adolescents' future orientation we developed a seven-step model which describes the indirect effect (via adolescents' self-esteem) of the future orientation that mothers construct for their adolescent children on adolescents' future orientation. Mother-constructed and adolescent-constructed future orientation each consists of three components: motivational, cognitive representation, and behavioral engagement. Mothers' future orientation focuses on their adolescent child (e.g., “it is important that in the future my daughter/son develops an occupational career”). The model is empirically estimated with data collected from 203 Israeli Jewish 11th grade girls (n = 99) and boys and their mothers, who responded to future orientation questionnaires assessing two domains: work and career (i.e., issues related to the occupational or professional career adolescents will have in the future), and marriage and family (i.e., issues related to marriage and the family adolescents will raise in the future). Adolescents responded also to a self-esteem scale. Structural equation modeling showed an acceptable fit between the theoretical and empirical models for work and career, and marriage family, respectively. The findings are discussed in relation to three issues: the effect of parents on adolescent children, the mediating functions of self representation, and the generality of the three-component future orientation model.
Self-Versus Other-Referent Processing at Encoding and Retrieval

The interactive roles of encoding and retrieval processes were examined in relation to self-versus other-referencing in an incidental recognition-memory experiment. At encoding, subjects made either a self-or other-referent judgment about each of a large number of traits. At test, retrieval cues were varied by having subjects make a self-referent judgment, an other-referent judgment, or no judgment about each original trait plus an equal number of new traits. The trait words were more accurately recognized when retrieval cueing reinstated the original encoding context (whether self-or other-referent) than when it instated the other context. In addition, although self-referent encoding yielded better memory than other-referent encoding in the self-referent and no-cue retrieval conditions, other-referent encoding yielded equally good memory in the other-referent retrieval condition. Although self-referent trait judgments were more consistent than other-referent judgments, consistency did not mediate the memory effects. It was suggested that the greater efficacy of self-referent encoding may stem in part from the interactive roles of encoding and retrieval operations in conjunction with a habitual tendency to process trait information with reference to the self
The relationship between levels of resilience and coping styles in chiropractic students and perceived levels of stress and well-being.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between chiropractic students' coping styles and levels of resilience with their physical injuries, perceived levels of stress, and well-being. METHODS A questionnaire was distributed to the entire student body of the chiropractic program at Murdoch University, and gathered demographic variables and responses to the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Perceived Levels of Stress Scale, Everyday Feelings Questionnaire, and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate for significant relationships. RESULTS Of 244 students, 194 (81%) completed the surveys. Being female and not having recovered from an injury within 12 months was significantly associated with lower levels of well-being and higher levels of stress. Being female, possessing an increased use of an emotional-based coping style, and having lower levels of well-being were associated with higher levels of stress (R2 = 0.65, F(6,164) = 50.47, p < . 001). Lower levels of well-being were associated with being female, higher perceived levels of stress, lower levels of resilience, and an increased use emotional coping styles (R2 = 0.64, F[6,164] = 49.5, p < .001). CONCLUSION It is possible to identify chiropractic students at the university who are at risk of experiencing low levels of well-being and high levels of stress. These students may benefit from interventions aimed at enhancing their coping style choices and increasing their resilience levels. Future studies are recommended to see if these findings are consistent across chiropractic programs nationally and internationally.
Star Formation at z ~ 6: i-Dropouts in the Advanced Camera for Surveys Guaranteed Time Observation Fields

Using an i - z dropout criterion, we determine the space density of z ~ 6 galaxies from two deep ACS GTO fields with deep optical-IR imaging. A total of 23 objects are found over 46 arcmin2, or ~0.5 ± 0.1 objects arcmin-2 down to zAB ~ 27.3 (6 σ), or a completeness-corrected ~0.5 ± 0.2 objects arcmin-2 down to zAB ~ 26.5 (including one probable z ~ 6 active galactic nucleus). Combining deep ISAAC data for our RDCS 1252-2927 field (JAB ~ 25.7 and Ks,AB ~ 25.0; 5 σ) and NICMOS data for the Hubble Deep Field-North (J110,AB and H160,AB ~ 27.3, 5 σ), we verify that these dropouts have relatively flat spectral slopes, as one would expect for star-forming objects at z ~ 6. Compared with the average-color (β = -1.3) U-dropout in the Steidel et al. z ~ 3 sample, i-dropouts in our sample range in luminosity from ~1.5L* (zAB ~ 25.6) to ~0.3L* (zAB ~ 27.3) with the exception of one very bright candidate at z850,AB ~ 24.2. The half-light radii vary from 0. ″09 to 0. ″21, or 0.5 kpc to 1.3 kpc. We derive the z ~ 6 rest-frame UV luminosity density (or star formation rate density) by using three different procedures. All three procedures use simulations based on a slightly lower redshift (z ~ 5) V606-dropout sample from Chandra Deep Field-South ACS images. First, we make a direct comparison of our findings with a no-evolution projection of this V-dropout sample, allowing us to automatically correct for the light lost at faint magnitudes or lower surface brightnesses. We find 23% ± 25% more i-dropouts than we predict, consistent with no strong evolution over this redshift range. Adopting previous results to z ~ 5, this works out to a mere 20% ± 29% drop in the luminosity density from z ~ 3 to z ~ 6. Second, we use the same V-dropout simulations to derive a detailed selection function for our i-dropout sample and compute the UV-luminosity density [(7.2 ± 2.5) × 1025 ergs s-1 Hz-1 Mpc-3 down to zAB ~ 27]. We find a 39% ± 21% drop over the same redshift range (z ~ 3-6), consistent with the first estimate. This is our preferred value and suggests a star formation rate of 0.0090 ± 0.0031 M☉ yr-1 Mpc-3 to zAB ~ 27, or ~0.036 ± 0.012 M☉ yr-1 Mpc-3 by extrapolating the luminosity function to the faint limit, assuming α = -1.6. Third, we follow a very similar procedure, except that we assume no incompleteness, and find a rest-frame continuum luminosity that is ~2-3 times lower than our other two determinations. This final estimate is to be taken as a lower limit and is important if there are modest changes in the colors or surface brightnesses from z ~ 5 to z ~ 6 (the other estimates assume no large changes in the intrinsic selectability of objects). We note that all three estimates are well within the canonical range of luminosity densities necessary for reionization of the universe at this epoch by star-forming galaxies.
A New Process Model For Reuse Based Software Development Approach

Software reuse enables developers to leverage past accomplishments and facilitates significant improvements in software productivity and quality (1). The contribution of this paper is a recommended process model for the implementation of software reuse effectively. A critical problem in today's practice of software reuse is the lack of a standard process model which describes the necessary details to support reuse based software development and evolution. Our research thesis is that software development based upon a reuse-based process model improves quality of products and productivity of processes. A quantitative survey of 100 software organizations is used to test the new process model and the hypothesis of the study. The process model presented in this paper identifies process level, organizational and technical aspects which have to be improved to achieve success in the reuse world.
A New Technique Using a Shuffling Method to Protect Confidential Documents from Shoulder Surfers

In some environments (e.g., for government agencies or international corporations), it is challenging to protect and secure confidential information on a computer screen against shoulder surfers who want to access the confidential information by observing the victims computer screen. In this paper, we propose a simple and practical system named STM to mitigate shoulder surfers from reading computer screens by visually shuffling contents on an end users screen. To find an optimal setting for STM, we tested several configurations at character and word levels and showed that STM with a properly chosen configuration is effectively secure against using direct observation techniques.
Risk is a Component of Social Relationships in Spider Monkeys

In group-living animals, social relationships are the result of the interactions between two individuals over time and can provide fitness benefits to both the participants. Recently, components of social relationships were identified in Old World primates and ravens through the use of principal component analysis (PCA). We employed PCA to identify components that define the social relationships in two communities of wild spider monkeys in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico and investigated whether characteristics of the dyads, such as age combination, sex combination and kinship, had an effect on the components obtained. We found two components. Component 1 had high positive loadings of proximity, grooming and subgroup index, which may reflect value or compatibility. Embrace and aggression rates loaded highly on Component 2, which was labelled risk. Component 1 was affected by kinship: kin had higher scores than non-kin. Both the components were affected by sex combination of the dyad. Male-male dyads had higher scores than female-male and female-female dyads. The results are in accordance with what is currently known about spider monkeys' social relationships, but provide an additional perspective with the novel component of risk. In this respect, the two components are effective in capturing the ambiguous nature of male-male relationships in spider monkeys. Overall, this study offers further insight into the social patterns underlying the relationship quality in group-living animals and the usefulness of PCA in providing an objective assessment that reflects the animals′ perspective of their social interactions.
The Proteomics Identifications (PRIDE) database and associated tools: status in 2013

The PRoteomics IDEntifications (PRIDE, http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride) database at the European Bioinformatics Institute is one of the most prominent data repositories of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics data. Here, we summarize recent developments in the PRIDE database and related tools. First, we provide up-to-date statistics in data content, splitting the figures by groups of organisms and species, including peptide and protein identifications, and post-translational modifications. We then describe the tools that are part of the PRIDE submission pipeline, especially the recently developed PRIDE Converter 2 (new submission tool) and PRIDE Inspector (visualization and analysis tool). We also give an update about the integration of PRIDE with other MS proteomics resources in the context of the ProteomeXchange consortium. Finally, we briefly review the quality control efforts that are ongoing at present and outline our future plans.
Finding High-Frequent Synonyms of A Domain-Specific Verb in English Sub-Language of MEDLINE Abstracts Using WordNet

The task of binary relation extraction in IE [3] is based mainly on high-frequent verbs and patterns. During the extraction of a specific relation from MEDLINE English abstracts, it is noticed that besides the high-frequent verb itself which represents the specific relation, some other word forms, such as the nominal and adjective forms of this verb, as well as its synonyms, also play a very important role. Because of the characteristics of the sub-language in MEDLINE abstracts, the synonym information of the verb can not be obtained directly from a lexicon such as WordNet [1]. In this paper, an approach which makes use of both corpus information and WordNet synonym set (WN-synset) information is proposed to find out the synonyms of a domain-specific verb in a sub-language. Given a golden standard synonym list obtained from the test corpus, the recall of this approach achieved 60% under the condition that the precision is 100%. The verbs corresponding to the 60% recall cover 93.05% of all occurrences of verbs in the golden standard synonym list.
Neurobiological origin of spurious brain morphological changes: A quantitative MRI study

The high gray‐white matter contrast and spatial resolution provided by T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has made it a widely used imaging protocol for computational anatomy studies of the brain. While the image intensity in T1‐weighted images is predominantly driven by T1, other MRI parameters affect the image contrast, and hence brain morphological measures derived from the data. Because MRI parameters are correlates of different histological properties of brain tissue, this mixed contribution hampers the neurobiological interpretation of morphometry findings, an issue which remains largely ignored in the community. We acquired quantitative maps of the MRI parameters that determine signal intensities in T1‐weighted images (R1 (=1/T1), R2*, and PD) in a large cohort of healthy subjects (n = 120, aged 18–87 years). Synthetic T1‐weighted images were calculated from these quantitative maps and used to extract morphometry features—gray matter volume and cortical thickness. We observed significant variations in morphometry measures obtained from synthetic images derived from different subsets of MRI parameters. We also detected a modulation of these variations by age. Our findings highlight the impact of microstructural properties of brain tissue—myelination, iron, and water content—on automated measures of brain morphology and show that microstructural tissue changes might lead to the detection of spurious morphological changes in computational anatomy studies. They motivate a review of previous morphological results obtained from standard anatomical MRI images and highlight the value of quantitative MRI data for the inference of microscopic tissue changes in the healthy and diseased brain. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1801–1815, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cervarix™ – a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine for prevention of human papillomavirus type 16- and 18-associated cervical cancer

Cervical cancer continues to have a devastating impact on women worldwide. An estimated 470,000 women are diagnosed with the disease every year and, of these, > 230,000 die from it. Recent decades have witnessed considerable advances in our understanding of cervical carcinogenesis, in particular the causal role that oncogenic human papillomavirus infection plays in its etiology. In countries that lack organized cervical screening programs, prophylactic vaccination against human papillomavirus may offer the most effective way of reducing mortality from the disease. Cervarix™, a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine targeted against human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, has been developed to address this possibility. The clinical experience of Cervarix and its potential role in reducing the global burden of cervical cancer is discussed.
Transcript level and sequence determinants of protein abundance and noise in Escherichia coli

The range over which a protein is expressed, and its cell-to-cell variability, is often thought to be linked to the demand for its activity. Steady-state protein level is determined by multiple mechanisms controlling transcription and translation, many of which are limited by DNA- and RNA-encoded signals that affect initiation, elongation and termination of polymerases and ribosomes. We performed a comprehensive analysis of >100 sequence features to derive a predictive model composed of a minimal non-redundant set of factors explaining 66% of the total variation of protein abundance observed in >800 genes in Escherichia coli. The model suggests that protein abundance is primarily determined by the transcript level (53%) and by effectors of translation elongation (12%), whereas only a small fraction of the variation is explained by translational initiation (1%). Our analyses uncover a new sequence determinant, not previously described, affecting translation initiation and suggest that elongation rate is affected by both codon biases and specific amino acid composition. We also show that transcription and translation efficiency may have an effect on expression noise, which is more similar than previously assumed.
Bullying in Portuguese Schools

A modified version of the Olweus school bullying questionnaire was administered to a sample of 4092 pupils, mainly aged 10–12, in ten middle schools, six in the north (Braga) and four in the south of Portugal (Lisbon). We present and discuss the results of this survey on the following topics: frequencies of being bullied and bullying others; types of bullying; places where bullying occurs and children’s opinions about the playground. These variables were analysed in terms of factors such as school grades, under-achievement, social class, gender and school location (north or south of the country). Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for bullying behaviour. For being bullied, an increased risk was found for male and low social class students. After multivariable adjustment, factors remaining significantly associated with bullying others were gender, school grade, social class and years of under-achievement. The results are compared to the results of other studies in Norway, UK, Italy and Ireland.
Identification and localization of atrial natriuretic factor receptors in human spermatozoa.

Specific binding sites for atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) have been detected and localized in viable human spermatozoa through radioreceptor analysis and autoradiography, respectively. Radiotracer uptake was time and concentration dependent. Scatchard analysis of saturation data showed a single class of ANF receptors with a kd of 2.5 nM and a Bmax of 1.03 fmol/10(6) sperm 2.5 min-1, corresponding to about 620 molecules per sperm. Nonreducing SDS-PAGE analysis after covalent cross-linking of sperm bound 125I-ANF evidenced a single displaceable (i.e., specific) band with an apparent molecular weight of 135-140kD. In 125I-ANF bound spermatozoa, optical autoradiography showed an exclusive distribution of silver grains covering the midpiece region. The effects of ANF binding on ionic homeostasis and cyclic nucleotide metabolism, which modulate a number of sperm cellular processes, could make this factor play outstanding roles in gamete physiology.
Cutting Edge: The Dependence of Plasma Cells and Independence of Memory B Cells on BAFF and APRIL1

Memory B (BMEM) cells and long-lived bone marrow plasma cells (BM-PCs) persist within local environmental survival niches that afford cellular longevity. However, the factors supporting BMEM cell survival within the secondary lymphoid organs and allowing BM-PC persistence in the bone marrow remain poorly characterized. We report herein that long-lived BMEM cell survival and function are completely independent of BAFF (B cell-activating factor of the TNF family) or APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand). Thus, BMEM cells represent the only mature B2 lineage subset whose survival is independent of these ligands. We have previously shown that the TNFR family member receptor BCMA (B cell maturation Ag) is a critical survival receptor for BM-PC survival in vivo. We identify in this study the ligands critical for BM-PC survival and show that either BAFF or APRIL supports the survival of BM-PCs in vivo. These data define the BAFF/APRIL-dependent and -independent components of long-lived humoral immunity.
Oral Contraceptives and DDAVP Nasal Spray: Patterns of Use in Managing vWD-Associated Menorrhagia: A Single-Institution Study

The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of use for oral contraceptive and desmopressin acetate nasal spray, both used in managing menorrhagia in adolescents with von Willebrand disease (vWD). Hospital records of adolescents with documented vWD and menorrhagia were reviewed retrospectively. Subjects with vWD type 1 (n = 36) administered either oral contraceptives (OC) or intranasal desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) and followed from 6 months to 4 years were selected for inclusion. Treatment outcomes were examined with respect to effectiveness and safety. Assessing menstrual blood loss using PBAC scores from pretreatment and treatment periods determined effectiveness. Safety was evaluated by monitoring reported adverse events. No significant differences were identified in treatment effectiveness for controlling menorrhagia in vWD adolescents in the OC and intranasal DDAVP group comparisons: 86% versus 77% (P > 0.05), respectively. When combining both treatment groups, the majority of vWD adolescents, 81% (P > 0.05), experienced alleviation of menorrhagia symptoms. Treatment failures were attributed to either the inability of a regimen to control bleeding or to adverse events, including severe headaches and flushing with DDAVP. Safety outcomes were not significantly greater in vWD patients with menorrhagia when OC were compared with intranasal DDAVP. Both medical approaches, OC and DDAVP nasal spray, used in managing menorrhagia in adolescents with documented type I vWD were well tolerated and showed equivalent effectiveness, and no serious adverse events were reported.
Ethnic identity, consumption of cultural apparel, and self‐perceptions of ethnic consumers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether ethnic consumers' consumption of cultural apparel, and attributional responses related to their consumption, is predicted by their strength of ethnic identification. The study also examined whether the consumption of cultural apparel mediates the influence of strength of ethnic identification on consumers' attributional responses.Design/methodology/approach – Internet survey research was the chosen methodology for this study. A convenience sample of 106 research participants from four ethnic subcultures in the USA were recruited.Findings – Regression analyses revealed that strength of ethnic identification was a significant predictor of cultural apparel consumption and attribution of emotions and meanings to the consumption. Further, consumption of cultural apparel perfectly mediated the influence of strength of ethnic identification on consumers' attributions of emotions, and partially mediated this influence on consumers' attributions of mean.