Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cultural Concepts and Themes of Suicidal Attempt Among Iranian Adolescents

Background: Suicide attempts are more common among adolescents than other age groups. Although suicide is considered a worldwide problem, but the related factors, to suicidal behavior are different in various cultures. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify themes that explain suicide attempt process among adolescents in Iran. Patients and Methods: This is a qualitative study carried out based on grounded theory. Key informants were 16 adolescents referred to two hospitals in Shiraz after suicide attempts. Also, 4 family members, a nurse, a psychologist, and a psychiatrist participated in this study. Sampling started with purposive sampling method and continued with theoretical sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews. Data analysis was carried out using Strauss and Corbin approach and constant comparative method until the point of data saturation. Results: Five main categories, including personal factors and life experiences; family factors, social and educational factors, psychological-emotional problems, and stress control strategies were extracted from the data. The central concept in the data was to escape the painful psychological condition, which was in connection with other concepts describing the process of suicide attempts in adolescents. Conclusions: This study identified 5 categories of concepts as main themes that can be used to explain suicidal attempt process among Iranian adolescents.
Classification of meaningful and meaningless visual objects: A graph similarity approach

Cognition involves dynamic reconfiguration of functional brain networks at sub-second time scale. A precise tracking of these reconfigurations to categorize visual objects remains elusive. Here, we use dense electroencephalography (EEG) data recorded during naming meaningful (tools, animals…) and scrambled objects from 20 healthy subjects. We combine technique for identifying functional brain networks and recently developed algorithm for estimating networks similarity to discriminate between the two categories. First, we showed that dynamic networks of both categories can be segmented into several brain network states (times windows with consistent brain networks) reflecting sequential information processing from object representation to reaction time. Second, using a network similarity algorithm, results showed high intra-category and very low inter-category values. An average accuracy of 76% was obtained at different brain network states.
Role of hemostatic gene polymorphisms in venous and arterial thrombotic disease.

Venous thromboembolic disorders form a spectrum of conditions characterized by in situ thrombus formation and the variable presence of embolic manifestations. The clinical presentation depends to a large extent on the site and extent of thrombus formation and on the underlying cause. In the absence of genetic deficiencies, thrombosis occurs in the older population, largely in the context of marked environmental influences such as surgery, obesity, and underlying malignancy. In contrast, at the other extreme, familial thrombosis associated with mutations in genes for protein S, protein C, or antithrombin is associated with younger age of onset, lesser environmental stimulus, and thrombus formation often in unusual sites. There is an increasing awareness of the importance of hemostatic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of venous thrombosis. The hemostatic process comprises coagulation and fibrinolytic systems with activators, zymogens, cofactors, surfaces (such as platelets), and inhibitors. The function and regulation of these composite systems and factors have been extensively studied. Understanding their functional integration in vivo, however, still presents a major challenge. A starting point for a simplified model of integration envisages a balance between procoagulant (clot-promoting) and anticoagulant (clot-preventing) mechanisms. This balance serves to prevent an explosive generation of thrombin when coagulation is triggered. The balance is determined by the (functional) levels of all coagulation and fibrinolytic factors, with increases in the levels of coagulation factors and decreases in the levels of both fibrinolytic factors and natural inhibitors being procoagulant. The role of inhibitory mechanisms in preventing venous occlusion was established after the identification of the link between inherited deficiencies of antithrombin, protein C, protein S, and venous thrombosis during the 1960s and the 1970s. The general importance of the anticoagulant pathway involving protein C and protein S was established by the widespread prevalence among white populations and the clinical consequences of the phenotype of activated protein C resistance (APCR) and its main causative gene mutation, factor V G1691A (factor V Arg506Gln, factor V Leiden). There has been slower appreciation of the procoagulant effect of increased levels of coagulation factors in venous disease, but recent work has highlighted the likely importance of prothrombin and factor VIII levels in this regard.
Establishing Cross-linguistic Validity for Unsupervised Word Segmentation Models : A Look at Italian and

Abstract For early word segmentation, statistical learning strategies using Bayesian models have been offered as alternatives to strategies reliant on language-specific cues. Bayesian word segmentation strategies have been found to be successful for English (Goldwater et al. 2009), but it remains to be seen if this persists in other languages. We evaluate this strategy on child-directed speech across Italian and Farsi to test its cross-linguistic validity. The results of the modeling suggest that this statistical learning strategy is a viable method of word segmentation that is robust cross-linguistically.
Mixed-Reality Guidance for Brain Stimulation Treatment of Depression

Depression affects more than 16 million American adults and more than half do not respond to medication. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an important anti-depressant treatment that targets specific brain circuits responsible for mood and behavior. TMS efficacy and risk is strongly linked to correct TMS coil placement and can be significantly improved by accurate neuronavigation. In this paper, we present tools for the development of a novel mixed reality neuronavigation setup that allows the TMS operator to view the patient's brain anatomy directly overlaid on the head. This is performed by integrating patient tracking and visualization of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide a streamlined visualization of the patient's anatomy in a single immersive environment.
Comparison of East-Scandinavian and Norilsk large plume mafic igneous provinces of PGE ores

The paper is devoted to issues related to the formation of large low-sulfide PGE ore provinces – EastScandinavian and Norilsk. Basing multidisciplinary data it has been inferred that East-Scandinavian province is being attributed to an intracratonic type without subduction and crust contamination (with Pt-Pd low-sulfide mineralization to predominate). Norilsk province belongs to pericratonic one with PGE – Ci-Ni rich sulfide mineralization to prevail. It has been shown that the main ore provinces PGE metals essentially formed at later stage of existence and initial break-up of supercontinents – predominantly 2.7-2.5 Ga and 1.8-1.7 Ga as a unique case in the Late Paleozoic (Norilsk). For the first time long duration (dozens of Ma) and multistage nature of oremagmatic system evolution for the East-Scandinavian mafic Large Igneous Province have been demonstrated and this has made it possible to propose it for Norilsk. Comparison of low-sulfide PGE and sulfide Cu-Ni (with PGE) potential of the mafic intrusions is possible using a series of geological, geophysical and geochronological (U-Pb on zircon and baddeleyite, Sm-Nd on rock-forming and sulfides minerals) and isotope geochemical (εNd(T), TDm, ISr, 3 He/ 4 He) indicators. Аннотация. Статья посвящена проблемам датирования малосульфидных ЭПГ руд на примере двух крупных провинций – Восточно-Скандинавской и Норильской. На основе мультидисциплинарных данных делается вывод, что Восточно-Скандинавская провинция относится к интракратонному типу формирования без процессов субдукции и коровой контаминации (в основном с развитием малосульфидной Pt-Pd минерализацией). Норильская провинция относится к перикратонной с богатой ЭПГ и Cu-Ni сульфидной минерализацией. Показано, что основные провинции с ЭПГ минерализацией в мире формируются на поздних стадиях развития и распада суперконтинентов в эпохи 2.7-2.5 млрд лет и 1.8-1.7 млрд лет и только Норильская провинция является исключением, поскольку ее формирование происходит в позднем палеозое. Впервые приводится длительное время формирования (сотни млн лет) и многостадийное развитие рудно-магматических систем на примере Восточно-Скандинавской обширной изверженной провинции и делается вывод о возможности применения такой схемы изучения к Норильской провинции. На основе многочисленных изотопно-геохимических (εNd(T), TDm, ISr, 3 He/ 4 He) и геохронологических (U-Pb по циркону и бадделеиту, а также Sm-Nd по породообразующим и сульфидным минералам) индикаторов, а также геологических и геофизических данных проводится сравнение потенциалов формирования малосульфидных ЭПГ и сульфидных Cu-Ni (с ЭПГ) руд этих двух провинций.
Early endosomal maturation of MHC class II molecules independently of cysteine proteases and H‐2DM

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules bind and present to CD4+ T cells peptides derived from endocytosed antigens. Class II molecules associate in the endoplasmic reticulum with invariant chain (Ii), which (i) mediates the delivery of the class II–Ii complexes into the endocytic compartments where the antigenic peptides are generated; and (ii) blocks the peptide‐binding site of the class II molecules until they reach their destination. Once there, Ii must be removed to allow peptide binding. The bulk of Ii–class II complexes reach late endocytic compartments where Ii is eliminated in a reaction in which the cysteine protease cathepsin S and the accessory molecule H‐2DM play an essential role. Here, we here show that Ii is also eliminated in early endosomal compartments without the intervention of cysteine proteases or H‐2DM. The Ii‐free class II molecules generated by this alternative mechanism first bind high molecular weight polypeptides and then mature into peptide‐loaded complexes.
Noise-Resistant Image Retrieval

We present a content-based image retrieval method which is particularly designed for noisy images. The images are retrieved according to histogram similarity. To reach high robustness to noise, the histograms are described by novel features which are insensitive to convolution with a Gaussian kernel, i.e. insensitive to a Gaussian additive noise in original images. The advantage of the new method is demonstrated experimentally on real data.
African American preschoolers' language, emergent literacy skills, and use of African American English: a complex relation.

PURPOSE This study examined the relation between African American preschoolers' use of African American English (AAE) and their language and emergent literacy skills in an effort to better understand the perplexing and persistent difficulties many African American children experience learning to read proficiently. METHOD African American preschoolers' (n = 63) vocabulary skills were assessed in the fall and their language and emergent literacy skills were assessed in the spring. The relation between students' AAE use and their vocabulary and emergent literacy skills was examined using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), controlling for fall vocabulary and other child, family, and school variables. Children's use of AAE was examined across two contexts-sentence imitation and oral narrative using a wordless storybook prompt. RESULTS There was a significant -shaped relation between the frequency with which preschoolers used AAE features and their language and emergent literacy skills. Students who used AAE features with greater or lesser frequency demonstrated stronger sentence imitation, letter-word recognition, and phonological awareness skills than did preschoolers who used AAE features with moderate frequency, controlling for fall vocabulary skills. Fewer preschoolers used AAE features during the sentence imitation task with explicit expectations for Standard American English (SAE) or School English than they did during an oral narrative elicitation task with implicit expectations for SAE. CONCLUSIONS The nonlinear relation between AAE use and language and emergent literacy skills, coupled with systematic differences in AAE use across contexts, indicates that some preschoolers may be dialect switching between AAE and SAE, suggesting emerging pragmatic/metalinguistic awareness.
The behavior of cracked multiferroic composites: Fully coupled thermo-electro-magneto-elastic analysis

The response of cracked multiferroic composites that are subjected to thermo-electro-magneto-elastic loading is established by employing a two-scale analysis. To that end, the fully coupled constitutive and governing equations are utilized in the analysis. This form a generalization of a one-way thermal coupling analysis in which the electro-magneto-elastic field does not affect the thermal field. The micro-scale analysis is based on a micromechanical model which is capable of predicting the effective stiffness tensor of the undamaged multiferroic composite as well as the concentration tensors which enable the computation of the local field from the applied thermo-electro-magneto-elastic far-field. The macro-scale analysis provides the response of the cracked composite of periodic microstructure to the applied loading. It is based on the combined use of the representative cell method and the higher order theory. In the framework of the representative cell method, the problem for a periodic composite which is discretized into numerous identical cells is reduced to a problem of a single cell in the discrete Fourier transform domain. In the framework of the higher order theory, the governing equations and interfacial and periodic conditions formulated in the transform domain are solved by dividing the single cell into several subcells and imposing these conditions in an average (integral) sense. Results exhibit the responses caused by the application of mechanical, electric, magnetic, thermal, and heat flow loadings on two types of cracked periodically layered composites and provide comparisons between the predictions of the full and one-way thermal coupling analyses.
Coordinated motion control of mobile sensors in surveillance systems

This paper reviews coordinated motion control strategies of mobile sensors in mobile surveillance systems. Mobile surveillance systems include a vast array of mobile sensing nodes with varying sensing modalities that can sense continuously the volume of interest. These distributed nodes are capable of sensing, processing, mobilization and communication with other nodes. One of the fundamental problems of mobile surveillance systems is how to coordinate these distributed nodes in such a way that they can move together in concert. Based on the nature of the surveillance task, three coordinated motion control strategies are described. These strategies are direct control, intentional control and emergent control.
Mobile Services in the Smart City: Framing the Potential Roles of City Governments

This paper presents a theoretical framework for the analysis of business models that involve public actors, and city governments in particular, in the value network. It starts from an established business model framework and expands it to include an additional set of parameters required to successfully perform a qualitative analysis of the business models of new (digital) services offered by cities. It then applies this framework to four divergent cases from the mobile services sector in which city governments are involved as part of their efforts in becoming “smarter cities”.
Effects of SMS teaser ads on product curiosity

Mobile advertising using short messaging service SMS, also referred to as text messaging, has become very popular in recent years. However, many consumers regard SMS advertisements as junk mail, and SMS ads show mixed ad effects. This study explores the effects of SMS ads when used as a teaser campaign and conducts two experiments to reveal how brand familiarity, spokesperson likeability and spokesperson familiarity influence product curiosity in consumers with different SMS attitudes. Results indicate that for SMS teaser ads featuring high-familiarity brands, a more likeable/familiar spokesperson reduces consumer curiosity. For ads pertaining to low-familiarity brands, spokesperson likeability/familiarity positively affects curiosity for consumers with more favourable SMS attitudes. Spokesperson variables, however, do not influence reactions from consumers with less favourable SMS attitudes.
Learning processes and the neural analysis of conditioning

Classical and operant conditioning principles, such as the behavioral discrepancy-derived assumption that reinforcement always selects antecedent stimulus and response relations, have been studied at the neural level, mainly by observing the strengthening of neuronal responses or synaptic connections. A review of the literature on the neural basis of behavior provided extensive scientific data that indicate a synthesis between the two conditioning processes based mainly on stimulus control in learning tasks. The resulting analysis revealed the following aspects. Dopamine acts as a behavioral discrepancy signal in the midbrain pathway of positive reinforcement, leading toward the nucleus accumbens. Dopamine modulates both types of conditioning in the Aplysia mollusk and in mammals. In vivo and in vitro mollusk preparations show convergence of both types of conditioning in the same motor neuron. Frontal cortical neurons are involved in behavioral discrimination in reversal and extinction procedures, and these neurons preferentially deliver glutamate through conditioned stimulus or discriminative stimulus pathways. Discriminative neural responses can reliably precede operant movements and can also be common to stimuli that share complex symbolic relations. The present article discusses convergent and divergent points between conditioning paradigms at the neural level of analysis to advance our knowledge on reinforcement.
Where have all the fathers gone? An extensive microsatellite analysis of paternity in the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)

Microsatellites were used to conduct an extensive analysis of paternity of grey seals from two Scottish breeding colonies at North Rona (n = 1189) and the Isle of May (n = 694), spanning more than a decade. A maximum of 46% of pups at North Rona and 29% of pups at the Isle of May could be allocated a father, even though the majority of candidate males for specific study sites within each colony were believed to have been sampled. Based on the paternities which could be assigned, both colonies showed evidence of reproductive skew, apparently due to the presence of approximately five males who were exceptionally successful. Some males were assigned paternities at least 10 years before, and colleagues 10 years after, being sampled, implying a reproductive lifespan of at least 10 years, and there are indications that the real maximum lies in the range 15–20 years. Male grey seals appear to have at least two breeding strategies they can adopt. On land, some males benefit from a traditionally polygynous system. However, between 50 and 70% of grey seal pups born at a particular colony are not fathered by males who are likely to be sampled by us, implying that these males seldom venture ashore here. We conclude that aquatic mating may play a much larger role in the grey seal than has previously been thought.
Pronunciation error detection using DNN articulatory model based on multi-lingual and multi-task learning

Aiming at detecting pronunciation errors produced by second language learners and providing corrective feedbacks related with articulation, we address effective articulatory models based on deep neural network (DNN). Articulatory attributes are defined for manner and place of articulation. In order to efficiently train these models of non-native speech without using such data, which is difficult to collect in a large scale, we propose a multi-lingual learning method, in which the speech database of the target language (L2) and the native language (L1) of the learners are combined. We also investigate multi-task learning methods by tuning the weights of the secondary task. These methods are applied to Mandarin Chinese pronunciation learning by Japanese native speakers. Effects of the multi-lingual and multi-task learning methods are confirmed in the attribute classification and pronunciation error detection.
An indirect method for fast evaluation of surface moisture absorptivity of shirt and underwear fabrics

Customers wearing shirts understand, that the Íee|ing of comfort when wearing shirts in hot days shou|d depend on their Vater Vapour permeabi|iý and their moisture sorption capacity'but both these parameters do not characterise the therma| contact comfort Íee|ing of shirt Íabrics in wet state. ln order to explain the thermal contact comfort of superficially wetted shirts, a new parameter called moisture absorptivity was introduced and a simple equation of the moisture transfer between the fabric and skin was derived in the paper. Since the direct measurement of the moisture absorptivity is complicated, an indirect method for its experimental determination was described and used íor the eva|uation of therma| comfort of fabrics contacting wet human skin.
Development of diagnostic test systems using nanoparticles for determinations of markers of ecologically significant diseases

Diseases of animals and humans are largely environmentally-related. With the timely detection of the disease, it is possible to avoid severe consequences, both for human health or for the animal, and for the environment as a whole. The article describes the process of creating diagnostic test systems, including obtaining used nanoparticles and describing their physicochemical properties as the kinetics of gold and silver nanoparticles in mono- and binary hydrosols using spectroscopic methods of investigation, determined the size of silver nanoparticles on the basis of the method of cross-correlation spectroscopy of photons and Transmission Electron Microscopy and the effect of ultrasound on the spectroscopic data hydrosols of gold and silver. The article contains a description of the technology of obtaining bionanconjugates - a key link for creating diagnostic test systems. The results of the development of diagnosticums were presented at the end of the article and the corresponding conclusions were drawn.DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.erem. 74.3. 21100