Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison on the Effectiveness of Two Heuristics for Importance Sampling

Given a good importance function, importance sampling is able to achieve satisfactory precisions within a reasonable time. In addition to the well known requirement that the importance function should have a similar shape to the target density (Rubinstein, 1981), it is also highly recommended that the importance function possess heavy tails (Geweke, 1989; MacKay, 1998; Yuan and Druzdzel, 2004). To achieve this, the -cutoff heuristic (Cheng and Druzdzel, 2000; Yuan and Druzdzel, 2003) was used to cut off extremely small probabilities in the importance function (Yuan and Druzdzel, 2003). However, cutoff demonstrates inconsistent performance on different networks. In this paper, we analyze the underlying reasons and propose another heuristic, if-tempering, based on simulated tempering. We test the new heuristic on three large real Bayesian networks and observe that if-tempering consistently helps the EPIS-BN algorithm (Yuan and Druzdzel, 2003) achieve better precisions than -cutoff.
A Gate Zero-Bias 2W PHEMT Power Amplifier Operating at 3.5 GHz

A single supply 2W MMIC power amplifier, operating between 3.3GHz and 3.8GHz by implementing AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs PHEMT for the applications of WiMax, is demonstrated. Using the gate zero-bias configuration, i.e., VGS=0 and IDSS, one can use only one single bias instead of dual bias in the depletion mode PHEMTs. This two-stage amplifier is designed by using a zero gate bias configuration i.e., VGS=0 and at saturated drain current IDSS, for class A power amplifier operation. The two-stage MMIC amplifier possesses the characteristics of 25.9dB small-signal gain and 34.0dBm 1-dB gain compression power. Moreover, with a single carrier output power level of 2ldBm, very high linearity with a 47dBm third-order intercept point operating at 3.5GHz is also achieved.
Classification of proteins based on the properties of the ligand‐binding site: The case of adenine‐binding proteins

Comparative analysis of protein binding sites for similar ligands yields information about conserved interactions, relevant for ligand affinity, and variable interactions, which are important for specificity. The pattern of variability can indicate new targets for a pharmacologically validated class of compounds binding to a similar site. A particularly vast group of therapeutically interesting proteins using the same or similar substrates are those that bind adenine‐containing ligands. Drug development is focusing on compounds occupying the adenine‐binding site and their specificity is an issue of paramount importance. We use a simple scheme to characterize and classify the adenine‐binding sites in terms of their intermolecular interactions, and show that this classification does not necessarily correspond to protein classifications based on either sequence or structural similarity. We find that only a limited number of the different hydrogen bond patterns possible for adenine‐binding is used, which can be utilized as an effective classification scheme. Closely related protein families usually share similar hydrogen patterns, whereas non‐polar interactions are less well conserved. Our classification scheme can be used to select groups of proteins with a similar ligand‐binding site, thus facilitating the definition of the properties that can be exploited to design specific inhibitors. Proteins 2002;47:106–115. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Destroying networks for fun (and profit)

Network failures are inevitable. Interfaces go down, devices crash and resources become exhausted. It is the responsibility of the control software to provide reliable services on top of unreliable components and throughout unpredictable events. Guaranteeing the correctness of the controller under all types of failures is therefore essential for network operations. Yet, this is also an almost impossible task due to the complexity of the control software, the underlying network, and the lack of precision in simulation tools. Instead, we argue that testing network control software should follow in the footsteps of large scale distributed systems, such as those of Netflix or Google, which deliberately induce live failures in their production environments during working hours, and analyze how their control software reacts. In this paper, we describe Armageddon, a framework for introducing sustainable and systematic chaos in networks. When we cause failures, we do so without violating some operator-specified network invariants (e.g., end-to-end connectivity). The injected failures also guarantee some notion of coverage. If the controller can sustain all of the failures, then it can be considered resilient with a high degree of confidence. We describe efficient algorithms to compute failure scenarios and implemented them in a prototype. Applied to real-world networks, our algorithms a coverage of 80% of the links within only three iterations of failures.
Recognition and reconstruction of developable surfaces from point

Given a cloud P of data points, we present techniques and algorithms to decide whether P could be measurements of a developable surface and to reconstruct the original shape of the surface. We will use the dual approach to developable surfaces, which says that a developable surface can be considered as envelope of a one-parameter family of planes. A classification will be given which detects cones, cylinders, and developable surfaces of constant slope. Finally we discuss the problems occurring in this context.
Globular Cluster Systems. I. V−I Color Distributions

We have compiled data for the globular cluster systems of 50 galaxies from the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 archive, of which 43 are type S0 or earlier. In this paper, we present the data set and derive the V-I color distributions. We derive the first four moments of the color distributions, as well as a measure for their nonunimodality. The number of globular clusters in each galaxy ranges from 18 (in NGC 2778) to 781 (NGC 5846). For those systems having more than 100 clusters, seven of 16 (44%) show significant bimodality. Overall, roughly half of all the systems in our sample show hints of a bimodal color distribution. In general, the distributions of the faint galaxies are consistent with unimodality, whereas those of the brighter galaxies are not. We also find a number of systems with narrow color distributions—with both mean red and blue colors—suggesting that systems exist with only metal-rich or only metal-poor globular clusters. We discuss their possible origins. In comparing the moments of the V-I distributions with various galaxy properties for the early-type galaxies, we find the following difference in the correlations between the field and cluster galaxy populations: the peak V-I color of the globular cluster distribution correlates well with the central velocity dispersion—and hence the Mg2 index and total luminosity—for galaxies in cluster environments; there exists no such correlation for field galaxies. This difference between cluster and field galaxies possibly reflects different formation scenarios for their globular cluster systems. Among the explanations for such a correlation, we consider either a larger age spread in the field populations or the possibility that cluster galaxies are always affected by significant accretion whereas some field galaxies could host pure "in situ" formed populations.
IGDT Based Robust Decision Making Tool for DNOs in Load Procurement Under Severe Uncertainty

This paper presents the application of information gap decision theory (IGDT) to help the distribution network operators (DNOs) in choosing the supplying resources for meeting the demand of their customers. The three main energy resources are pool market, distributed generations (DGs), and the bilateral contracts. In deregulated environment, the DNO is faced with many uncertainties associated to the mentioned resources which may not have enough information about their nature and behaviors. In such cases, the classical methods like probabilistic methods or fuzzy methods are not applicable for uncertainty modeling because they need some information about the uncertainty behaviors like probability distribution function (PDF) or their membership functions. In this paper, a decision making framework is proposed based on IGDT model to solve this problem. The uncertain parameters considered here, are as follows: price of electricity in pool market and demand of each bus. The robust strategy of DNO is determined to hedge him against the risk of increasing the total cost beyond what it is willing to pay. The effectiveness of the proposed tool is assessed and demonstrated by applying it on a large distribution network.
Modulation of m-Opioid Receptor Signaling by RGS 19 in SH-SY 5 Y Cells

Regulator of G-protein signaling protein 19 (RGS19), also known as Ga-interacting protein (GAIP), acts as a GTPase accelerating protein for Gaz as well as Gai/o subunits. Interactions with GAIP-interacting protein N-terminus and GAIP-interacting protein C-terminus (GIPC) link RGS19 to a variety of intracellular proteins. Here we show that RGS19 is abundantly expressed in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells that also express mand dopioid receptors (MORs and DORs, respectively) and nociceptin receptors (NOPRs). Lentiviral delivery of short hairpin RNA specifically targeted to RGS19 reduced RGS19 protein levels by 69%, with a similar reduction in GIPC. In RGS19depleted cells, there was an increase in the ability of MOR (morphine) but not of DOR [(4-[(R)-[(2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl](3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N,N-diethylbenzamide (SNC80)] or NOPR (nociceptin) agonists to inhibit forskolinstimulated adenylyl cyclase and increase mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. Overnight treatment with either MOR [D-Ala, N-Me-Phe, Gly-ol-enkephalin (DAMGO) or morphine] or DOR (D-Pen-enkephalin or SNC80) agonists increased RGS19 and GIPC protein levels in a timeand concentration-dependent manner. The MOR-induced increase in RGS19 protein was prevented by pretreatment with pertussis toxin or the opioid antagonist naloxone. Protein kinase C (PKC) activation alone increased the level of RGS19 and inhibitors of PKC 5,6,7,13-tetrahydro-13-methyl-5-oxo-12H-indolo[2,3-a] pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-12-propanenitrile and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4Hchromen-4-one, but not protein kinase A (H89), completely blocked DAMGO-induced RGS19 protein accumulation. The findings show that RGS19 and GIPC are jointly regulated, that RGS19 is a GTPase accelerating protein for MORwith selectivity over DOR and NOPR, and that chronic MOR or DOR agonist treatment increases RGS19 levels by a PKC and the MAPK pathway–dependent mechanism.
Implications of no recent sexual activity, casual sex, or exclusive sex for college women's sexual well-being depend on sexual attitudes

ABSTRACT Objective: We examine how sexual activity relates to sexual well-being within the context of sexual attitudes, sexual agency, and sexual desire. Participants/Methods: We surveyed 471 college women in 2012–2014 who had ever had sex. Results: Sexual agency and sexual desire consistently predicted well-being, regardless of recent sexual activity. There was a significant interaction between recent sexual activity (none, casual, or exclusive relationship) and sexual attitudes. Exclusive sex was associated with higher than average sexual well-being, especially for women with permissive attitudes. Women who had casual sex and held permissive to average attitudes had the next highest levels of well-being, but those with non-permissive attitudes fell substantially below the overall mean. Women who had no recent sex were consistently below the mean, especially for women with more permissive attitudes. Conclusions: A disconnect between sexual attitudes and recent sexual activity may lower women's sexual well-being.
Strong hyper-Rayleigh scattering from silver nanoparticle aggregates to be used for the optical bio-sensing assay

Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) is a second-order nonlinear optical process in which the scattered light can be detected at the second harmonic wavelength of the input laser beam. Due to its incoherent nature, it can be observed from metal nanoparticles whose size is much smaller than the wavelength. Its sensitive response to the nanoparticle aggregation can be used as a powerful diagnostic tool for the detection of biological target molecules. Many previous bio-sensing applications of HRS have used gold nanoparticles as their sensing platform due to easy synthesis and functionalization of them. Here, we demonstrate that the aggregation of silver nanoparticles induced by poly-L-lysine molecules can generate much higher HRS than that from gold nanoparticle aggregates when using a Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser. In spite of several drawbacks of silver nanoparticle system regarding the nonlinear response to target concentration and the difficulty of surface functionalization compared to the gold nanoparticle system, much higher HRS from silver nanoparticles can be definitely useful for the sensitive detection of very small amount of target molecules.
Studying the Role of APOE in Alzheimer's disease Pathogenesis using a Systems Biology Model

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Even with its well-known symptoms of memory loss and well-characterized pathology of beta amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the disease pathogenesis and initiating factors are still not well understood. To tackle this problem, a systems biology model has been developed and used to study the varying effects of variations in the ApoE allele present, as well as the effects of short term and periodic inflammation at low to moderate levels. Simulations showed a late onset peak of Aβ in the ApoE4 case that lead to localized neuron loss which could be ameliorated in part by application of short-term pro-inflammatory mediators. The model that has been developed herein represents one of the first attempts to model AD from a systems approach to study physiologically relevant parameters that may prove useful to physicians in the future.
Reaction flow artificial chemistries

Artificial chemistries have been analysed mostly under the precondition of a well-stirred reaction vessel. In other words, the localisation of molecules is ignored for simplicity. Here we drop this assumption and replace it with a spatial distribution of molecules given by a flow, i.e. molecules move according to a given vector field. This can be seen as a particular type of dynamics. It also gives additional parameters to the control over the development of the chemistry over time. In particular, the modelling of membranes and transport processes which occur in cells, for example, can be described using continuous vector fields instead of giving a discrete formulation. We give some examples and ideas for analysing such chemistries via a stochastic simulation, a PDE and chemical organisations.
Improved CDMA multiuser receivers robust to timing errors

We investigate an improved multiuser detector for asynchronous CDMA uplink channels when there exist timing delay estimation errors. We first formulate a robust decorrelating detector with a capacity limit of 50%. To increase the system capacity, we further propose a robust successive interference cancellation (SIC) implementation. The proposed robust SIC detector adds only a residual error estimation procedure onto the standard SIC detector. Computer simulation results show that its performance and capacity are very close to those of the ideal decorrelating detector which assumes perfect knowledge of time delay.
Molecular and Cellular Dynamics of the Healing Response Associated with Implanted Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene

Implantation of biomaterials leads to the formation of an avascular, fibrotic capsule that isolates the implant from the surrounding tissue. Previous studies have demonstrated that ECM-modification of ePTFE promotes increased vascularity and decreased fibrosity in peri-implant tissue, two desired characteristics of engineered medical devices. However, little is known as to what is happening at the molecular level in tissue surrounding both ECM-modified and non-modified ePTFE during the healing process, or for that matter, what cellular pathway is responsible for the increased vascularity and improved healing response. Large-scale gene expression analysis using DNA microarrays was used to assemble gene expression patterns of peri-implant tissue. This data revealed that tissue surrounding ECM-modified ePTFE is more transcriptionally dynamic than tissue surrounding non-modified ePTFE. The microarray data also exposed a set of macrophage-relevant genes that directed investigation into how the ECM modification of ePTFE affected macrophage activation. It was demonstrated that ECM proteins secreted by the keratincocyte cell line HaCaT promoted fusion of macrophages to form multinucleated foreign body giant cells (FBGC’s), as more FBGC’s were seen at the material-tissue interface of the ECM modified ePTFE. The results of this work suggest a molecular mechanism through which ECM proteins induce FBGC formation. Taken together, this research advances the knowledge of material-associated healing which will lead to the improved biocompatibility of implanted medical devices.
HIFs, angiogenesis, and cancer

Tumor hypoxia was first described in the 1950s by radiation oncologists as a frequent cause of failure to radiotherapy in solid tumors. Today, it is evident that tumor hypoxia is a common feature of many cancers and the master regulator of hypoxia, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1), regulates multiple aspects of tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis, proliferation, metabolism, metastasis, differentiation, and response to radiation therapy. Although the tumor hypoxia response mechanism leads to a multitude of downstream effects, it is angiogenesis that is most crucial and also most susceptible to molecular manipulation. The delineation of molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis has revealed a critical role for HIF‐1 in the regulation of angiogenic growth factors. In this article, we review what has been described about HIF‐1: its structure, its regulation, and its implication for cancer therapy and we focus on its role in angiogenesis and cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 967–974, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure and radiative transitions of the hydrogen atom moving in a strong magnetic field

The discrete specmm of the hydrogen atom moving acmss a stmng magnetic field (E = 7 x 10"-7 x IO'* G) is studied by expanding wavefunctions over a complete onhogonal basis, whose single term pmvides a correct description of an mmic state at large pseudomomenta K of the h'ansverse motion. Wavefunctions, energies, atomic sires and oscillator strengths of radiative transitions a~ calculated and analysed in a wide range of K values. AU these quantities undergo radical changes when the atom moves acioss the field. The discrete s p e c " remains infinite at arbitrary K. although the mean transverse velocity cannot exceed some maximum value for lhe bound states. Oscillator e n g t h s change by orders of magnitude and some dipole selection rules are violated.
Limits of Hollow Yarn in Friction Spinning

In hollow yarn spinning, the yarn is spun with a PVA filament in its core in the yarn-forming zone, which provides enough dynamic strength to the yarn during spinning. Therefore, the dynamic strength of the yarn is not so important a factor in spinning. In order to measure the spinning limit of a hollow yarn, we measure the strength and irregularity of the hollow yarns after extracting the PVA. The results show that the high PVA percentage hollow yarns do not show good tensile properties and irregularity. Both spinning and PVA extraction increase the irregularity of the cotton component in the yarns or hollow yarn products, while the effect of PVA extraction can be minimized by treating the yarns when they are formed into fabrics. We conclude that the PVA percentage should not exceed 40%. We also conclude that the middle count yarns (20 tex and thinner), which are not spinnable as conventional yams, can be spun on a friction spinning machine using the hollow yarn spinning technique.
Robot See, Robot Do : An Overview of Robot Imitation

There are currently two major approaches to robot teaching: explicitly tell the robot what to do (programming) or let the robot (cid:12)gure it out for itself (reinforcement learning/genetic algorithms). In this paper we give an overview of a new approach, in which the robot instead learns novel behaviours by observing the behaviour of others: imitation learning. We summarize the psychological background of this approach, pro-pose a de(cid:12)nition of imitation, and identify the important issues involved in implementing imitation in robotic systems. Based on this framework, we review recent published work in this area, and describe an imitation project currently underway at the Electrotechnical Laboratory in Japan
Identification of linear parameter varying system using flexible least squares

This paper introduces the flexible least squares (FLS) for the identification problem of linear parameter varying (LPV) system. FLS considers the measurement error (output estimation error) and dynamic error (parameter estimation error) simultaneously and is suitable for dealing with identification of parameter varying system. It is deduced that FLS is algebraically equivalent to the Kalman filter whose stability criterion has been well developed, a stability criterion is built for FLS in a similar way. Finally we apply FLS to the identification of LPV system, simulation results shown its effectiveness.
Excessive Increase in QT Interval and Dispersion of Repolarization Predict Recurrent Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia after Amiodarone

Although chronic amiodarone has been proven to be effective to suppress ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), how we predict the recurrence of VT/VF after chronic amiodarone remains unknown. This study evaluated the predictive value of the QT interval, spatial, and transmural dispersions of repolarization (SDR and TDR) for further arrhythmic events after chronic amiodarone. Eighty‐seven leads body surface ECGs were recorded before (pre) and one month after (post) chronic oral amiodarone in 50 patients with sustained monomorphic VT associated with organic heart disease. The Q‐Tend (QTe), the Q‐Tpeak (QTp), and the interval between Tpeak and Tend (Tp‐e) as an index of TDR were measured automatically from 87‐lead ECG, corrected Bazett's method (QTce, QTcp, Tcp‐e), and averaged among all 87 leads. As an index of SDR, the maximum (max) minus minimum (min) QTce (max‐min QTce) and standard deviation of QTce (SD‐QTce) was obtained among 87 leads. All patients were prospectively followed (15 ± 10 months) after starting amiodarone, and 20 patients had arrhythmic events. The univariate analysis revealed that post max QTce, post SD‐QTce, post max‐min QTce, and post mean Tcp‐e from 87‐lead but not from 12‐lead ECG were the significant predictors for further arrhythmic events. ROC analysis indicated the post max‐min QTce ≥106 ms as the best predictor of events (hazard ratio = 10.4, 95%, CI 2.7 to 40.5, P = 0.0008). Excessive QT prolongation associated with increased spatial and transmural dispersions of repolarization predict the recurrence of VT/VF after amiodarone treatment. (PACE 2004; 27:901–909)