Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A multi task microgrid inverter based instantaneous Power Theory in islanded and grid-connected modes

This paper develops a flexible control strategy for DG inverters in a microgrid application with load current decomposition based on Instantaneous Power Theory (PQ). For grid connected mode of operation, the control strategy simultaneously supply all or part of the load current components allowing the DG system to inject its available energy, as well as to work as an active power filter, mitigating load current disturbances and improving power quality. Being able to supply the total load current by inverter allows a smooth transition between grid-connected and islanded modes of operation with zero current injection by the grid to guarantee an uninterrupted power supply to the critical loads within the microgrid. For the islanded mode of operation a multi loop control method with preservation of the grid-connected control system is developed to regulate load voltage/frequency in a wide range of load conditions. The control strategy is implemented in abc-frame. The principles supporting the developed control strategy are discussed and analyzed offering a very flexible, selective and powerful strategy for the DG control system, and the effectiveness of the control is demonstrated through digital simulations conducted by PSIM.
Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for children with Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To review the experience with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) in our institution. METHODS All charts of patients with SJS admitted to Children's Hospital between November 1988 and June 1998 were reviewed. RESULTS Twelve patients with SJS were detected. There were 8 males and 4 females, with a mean age 6 years (range 10 mo to 17 yrs). All patients presented with high fever and cutaneous and mucous membrane changes, and the diagnosis SJS was confirmed by a dermatologist. Of the 12 patients with SJS, 7 were treated with IVIG, 2 with corticosteroids, and 3 with supportive care. IVIG was administered in a single infusion at 1.5-2 g/kg, and was given on an average of hospital day 3 (range 1-8 days). The average duration of fever was 8 days (range 3-14) in the IVIG treated patients compared to 14 days (range 6-20) in the non-IVIG treated group (p = 0.06). The mean hospital stay was 12 days (range 4-22) for the patients treated with IVIG and 15 days (range 6-25) for the non-IVIG treated group (p = 0.5). No toxicity was observed with IVIG therapy. CONCLUSION Duration of fever was shortened in patients treated with IVIG, although statistical significance was marginal. The hospital stay was slightly shortened in patients treated with IVIG; however, statistical significance was not reached. Prospective and controlled, multicenter studies are needed to further investigate these preliminary findings.
Towards Instance Segmentation with Object Priority: Prominent Object Detection and Recognition

This manuscript introduces the problem of prominent object detection and recognition inspired by the fact that human seems to priorities perception of scene elements. The problem deals with finding the most important region of interest, segmenting the relevant item/object in that area, and assigning it an object class label. In other words, we are solving the three problems of saliency modeling, saliency detection, and object recognition under one umbrella. The motivation behind such a problem formulation is (1) the benefits to the knowledge representation-based vision pipelines, and (2) the potential improvements in emulating bio-inspired vision systems by solving these three problems together. We are foreseeing extending this problem formulation to fully semantically segmented scenes with instance object priority for high-level inferences in various applications including assistive vision. Along with a new problem definition, we also propose a method to achieve such a task. The proposed model predicts the most important area in the image, segments the associated objects, and labels them. The proposed problem and method are evaluated against human fixations, annotated segmentation masks, and object class categories. We define a chance level for each of the evaluation criterion to compare the proposed algorithm with. Despite the good performance of the proposed baseline, the overall evaluations indicate that the problem of prominent object detection and recognition is a challenging task that is still worth investigating further.
Origins of stator current spectra in DFIGs with winding faults and excitation asymmetries

In this paper the authors derive simple expressions for the frequencies of the harmonic components in the steady state stator line current of a DFIG operating under various conditions of supply and/or winding unbalance. The underlying purpose of the work is to identify signature frequencies which may be used in condition monitoring instrumentation to both identify and discriminate between a range of likely faults that may arise in practice. The analytical expressions are verified first by comparison with the spectra calculated using an advanced time-stepped circuit model, and then by comparison with measurements made on an experimental test rig.
An Important Role for Purifying Selection in Archaeal Genome Evolution

The evolution of genome complexities is a fundamental question in biology. A hallmark of eukaryotic genome complexity is that larger genomes tend to have more noncoding sequences, which are believed to be minimal in archaeal and bacterial genomes. However, we found that archaeal genomes also possessed this eukaryotic feature while bacterial genomes did not. This could be predicted from our analysis of genetic drift, which showed relaxed purifying selection in larger archaeal genomes, also a eukaryotic feature. In contrast, the opposite was evident in bacterial genomes. ABSTRACT As the null hypothesis of genome evolution, population genetic theory suggests that selection strength controls genome size. Through the process of genetic drift, this theory predicts that compact genomes are maintained by strong purifying selection while complex genomes are enabled by weak purifying selection. It offers a unifying framework that explains why prokaryotic genomes are much smaller than their eukaryotic counterparts. However, recent findings suggest that bigger prokaryotic genomes appear to experience stronger purifying selection, indicating that purifying selection may not dominate prokaryotic genome evolution. Since archaeal genomes were underrepresented in those studies, generalization of the conclusions to both archaeal and bacterial genomes may not be warranted. In this study, we revisited this matter by focusing on archaeal and bacterial genomes separately. We found that bigger bacterial genomes indeed experienced stronger purifying selection, but the opposite was observed in archaeal genomes. This new finding would predict an enrichment of noncoding sequences in large archaeal genomes, which was confirmed by an analysis of coding density. In contrast, coding density remained stable regardless of bacterial genome size. In conclusion, this study suggests that purifying selection may play a more important role in archaeal genome evolution than previously hypothesized, indicating that there could be a major difference between the evolutionary regimes of Archaea and Bacteria. IMPORTANCE The evolution of genome complexity is a fundamental question in biology. A hallmark of eukaryotic genome complexity is that larger genomes tend to have more noncoding sequences, which are believed to be minimal in archaeal and bacterial genomes. However, we found that archaeal genomes also possessed this eukaryotic feature while bacterial genomes did not. This could be predicted from our analysis on genetic drift, which showed a relaxation of purifying selection in larger archaeal genomes, also a eukaryotic feature. In contrast, the opposite was evident in bacterial genomes.
Evidence for white matter disruption in traumatic brain injury without macroscopic lesions

Background: Non-missile traumatic brain injury (nmTBI) without macroscopically detectable lesions often results in cognitive impairments that negatively affect daily life. Aim: To identify abnormal white matter projections in patients with nmTBI with cognitive impairments using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI). Methods: DTI scans of healthy controls were compared with those of 23 patients with nmTBI who manifested cognitive impairments but no obvious neuroradiological lesions. DTI was comprised of fractional anisotropy analysis, which included voxel-based analysis and confirmatory study using regions of interest (ROI) techniques, and magnetic resonance tractography of the corpus callosum and fornix. Results: A decline in fractional anisotropy around the genu, stem and splenium of the corpus callosum was shown by voxel-based analysis. Fractional anisotropy values of the genu (0.47), stem (0.48), and splenium of the corpus callosum (0.52), and the column of the fornix (0.51) were lower in patients with nmTBI than in healthy controls (0.58, 0.61, 0.62 and 0.61, respectively) according to the confirmatory study of ROIs. The white matter architecture in the corpus callosum and fornix of patients with nmTBI were seen to be coarser than in the controls in the individual magnetic resonance tractography. Conclusions: Disruption of the corpus callosum and fornix in patients with nmTBI without macroscopically detectable lesions is shown. DTI is sensitive enough to detect abnormal neural fibres related to cognitive dysfunction after nmTBI.
Experimental broodstock diets as partial fresh food substitutes in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei B.

In the first experiment, conducted in a research facility, Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock were fed either a 100% fresh food control treatment (FRE, consisting of frozen squid, oyster, mussel and enriched Artemia biomass in a 2.3:1.4:1.3:1 dry matter ratio) or one of the two treatments in which 50% [dry matter (DM)] of the fresh food was substituted with experimental artificial diets: a dry diet based on freeze-dried Artemia biomass (ART) and a control dry diet (CON). In the second experiment, conducted in a commercial hatchery, shrimp broodstock were fed either a fresh ration (FRE, consisting of frozen squid, polychaetes and enriched Artemia biomass in a 2.5:1.5:1 DM ratio) or the same experimental artificial diets (ART and CON) replacing 50% of the DM by elimination of polychaetes and Artemia biomass. In experiment 1 treatments CON and ART produced better results (P ¼ 0.05) than treatment FRE in terms of spawn performance and egg production per female. In experiment 2 no differences were detected among treatments FRE and CON whereas treatment ART performed better (P ¼ 0.05) in terms of spawning, egg production per female and spermatophore quality. Broodstock survival and offspring quality did not differ between treatments in either experiment.
Comparison of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Upper Cervical Spinal Cord Compression

Because of its ability to visualize soft-tissue structures in greater detail than any previous radiographic modality, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been heralded as one of the greatest advances in recent years. It is particularly well suited in diagnosis of spinal disorders since it can visualize the spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid without intrathecal contrast agents. This is a preliminary report of our experience of NMR examination in 106 patients studied since November 1982 at Case Western Reserve University Hospital. One of the best applications of NMR is for compressive lesions of the upper cervical spine because "functional"images can be obtained. The information from NMR was compared with computed tomography (CT) in 14 patients with various etiologies of neural compression— atlanto-occipital subluxation in Down's syndrome, fixed post-traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation, rheumatoid atlantoaxial subluxation and basilar impression of the odontoid, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, Klippel- Feil syndrome, congenital spinal stenosis, cervical spondylosis, Arnold -Chiari malformation, etc. Unlike CT, NMR can directly image in the sagittal plane without computer reformatting of axial cuts. This readily provides direct images of the spinal cord in neutral, flexion, and extension to show the mechanism of neural compression. Disadvantages of NMR compared with CT include poorer image resolution, slightly increased imaging time, and no patients with intracranial aneurysm clips or cardiac pacemakers can be studied. Advantages include no radiation exposure, no intrathecal contrast agent is required to differentiate CSF from neural tissue, and direct sagittal, coronal, and oblique images can be obtained. As a result of this preliminary experience, computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging appear to be complimentary studies—CT provides better osseous detail, whereas NMR offers superior soft tissue resolution.
Functional brain response to food images in successful adolescent weight losers compared with normal‐weight and overweight controls

Research conducted with adults suggests that successful weight losers demonstrate greater activation in brain regions associated with executive control in response to viewing high‐energy foods. No previous studies have examined these associations in adolescents. Functional neuroimaging was used to assess brain response to food images among groups of overweight (OW), normal‐weight (NW), and successful weight‐losing (SWL) adolescents.
A Conditional Mutant Deficient in Hypoxanthine-guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase and Xanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase Validates the Purine Salvage Pathway of Leishmania donovani*

Leishmania donovani cannot synthesize purines de novo and express a multiplicity of enzymes that enable them to salvage purines from their hosts. Previous efforts to generate an L. donovani strain deficient in both hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase (HGPRT) and xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (XPRT) using gene replacement approaches were not successful, lending indirect support to the hypothesis that either HGPRT or XPRT is crucial for purine salvage by the parasite. We now report the genetic confirmation of this hypothesis through the construction of a conditional Δhgprt/Δxprt mutant strain that exhibits an absolute requirement for 2′-deoxycoformycin, an inhibitor of the leishmanial adenine aminohydrolase enzyme, and either adenine or adenosine as a source of purine. Unlike wild type parasites, the Δhgprt/Δxprt strain cannot proliferate indefinitely without 2′-deoxycoformycin or with hypoxanthine, guanine, xanthine, guanosine, inosine, or xanthosine as the sole purine nutrient. The Δhgprt/Δxprt mutant infects murine bone marrow-derived macrophages <5% as effectively as wild type parasites and cannot sustain an infection. These data establish genetically that either HGPRT or XPRT is absolutely essential for purine acquisition, parasite viability, and parasite infectivity of mouse macrophages, that all exogenous purines are funneled to hypoxanthine and/or xanthine by L. donovani, and that the purine sources within the macrophage to which the parasites have access are HGPRT or XPRT substrates.
Trajectory of medication-induced constipation in patients with cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To determine the severity and trajectory of constipation among patients with cancer from opioids and/or vinca alkaloids. DESIGN Exploratory, descriptive. SETTING Moffitt Cancer Center, a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center in Tampa, FL. SAMPLE 400 patients at risk for developing medication-induced constipation from opioids, vinca alkaloids, or both. METHODS Patients' baseline data included the Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS), the constipation item from the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) for intensity and distress, and the laxative interview. Following the interview, the medical chart was reviewed for clinical and demographic data. Patients were asked about constipation (CAS) and laxatives consumed (laxative interview) during eight weekly telephone calls. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Constipation presence, intensity, and distress. FINDINGS At baseline, 63% of patients reported some level of constipation. During the eight weeks, constipation fluctuated with scores ranging from 0-16, with the opioid-only group showing a small but statistically significant decrease in intensity. Constipation intensity and distress on the MSAS were significantly correlated (r = 0.76; p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS The majority of the sample reported constipation that ranged from mild to severe, persisted over time, and caused symptom distress. Therefore, healthcare providers in the cancer center likely were neither adequately managing the medication-induced constipation nor apparently teaching patients to manage it themselves. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines support the importance of managing medication-induced constipation. However, guidelines are not being followed in many cases; therefore, more focus is needed on constipation in clinical and educational settings as well as more research. KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION Patients receiving opioids and vinca alkaloids are at risk of constipation. Currently, medication-induced constipation is poorly managed. Managing constipation may lessen symptom distress, thereby improving quality of life in these patients.
Chronic Soluble Antigen Sensitization Primes a Unique Memory/Effector T Cell Repertoire Associated with Th2 Phenotype Acquisition In Vivo1

Although much progress has been made in characterization of the signaling pathways that control Th cell commitment, little is known about the early events that govern differentiation of IL-4-producing T lymphocytes in vivo. We have previously shown that chronic administration of low dose, soluble hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) induced the selective development of Ag-specific Th2 in genetically predisposed BALB/c mice. Here, we show that these memory/effector Th2 cells express a unique TCR Vβ repertoire, different from the TCR Vβ profile of primary effector cells from HEL-adjuvant-primed mice. This Th2-associated repertoire contains a highly frequent public clonotype characterized by preferred TCR AV and BV gene segment usage along with conserved sequences in the third hypervariable regions of both TCR chains. This Th2 clonotype, which is not recruited in primary effector T cells from HEL-adjuvant-immunized mice, recognized an IAd-restricted HEL determinant, preferentially processed by dendritic cells, but not by B cells. Thus, IL-4-producing CD4 T cells that expand following chronic Ag sensitization emerge from a distinct pool of precursors, supporting the hypothesis that ligand-TCR interactions play a crucial role in the regulation of Ag-specific Th2 cell development in vivo.
Profound Deficit of IL10 at Birth in Children Who Develop Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Background: Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may originate via abnormal immune responses to infectious agents. It is unknown whether prenatal immune development may differ in children who develop the disease. The current study examines the association between neonatal cytokine profiles, a proxy measure for a child's prenatal immune development, and childhood ALL. Methods: Neonatal blood spots of 116 childhood ALL cases and 116 controls living in California were ascertained. Eleven cytokines associated with Th1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocytes were measured using a multiplex bead–based assay. Unconditional logistic regression was done to estimate the odds ratio (OR) by measuring the association between neonatal cytokines and ALL adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and household income. Results: Of the 11 cytokines measured, 5 [interleukin (IL)4, IL6, IL10, IL12, and IL13] were detectable. Except for IL12, the other 4 cytokines were all significantly lower among cases than controls. In a multivariable model including the 5 cytokines, only IL10 remained independently associated with childhood ALL with an OR = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.18, comparing the highest tertile to the lowest tertile. Conclusions: A child's neonatal level of IL10, a key regulator for modulating the intensity and duration of immune responses, is associated with his/her subsequent risk of developing ALL. Impact: The current analysis shows that children with ALL may have a dysregulated immune function present at birth. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(8); 1736–40. ©2011 AACR.
The Impact of Correlated Metrics on Defect Models

Defect models are analytical models that are used to build empirical theories that are related to software quality. Prior studies often derive knowledge from such models using interpretation techniques, such as ANOVA Type-I. Recent work raises concerns that prior studies rarely remove correlated metrics when constructing such models. Such correlated metrics may impact the interpretation of models. Yet, the impact of correlated metrics in such models has not been investigated. In this paper, we set out to investigate the impact of correlated metrics, and the benefits and costs of removing correlated metrics on defect models. Through a case study of 15 publicly-available defect datasets, we find that (1) correlated metrics impact the ranking of the highest ranked metric for all of the 9 studied model interpretation techniques. On the other hand, removing correlated metrics (2) improves the consistency of the highest ranked metric regardless of how a model is specified for all of the studied interpretation techniques (except for ANOVA Type-I); and (3) negligibly impacts the performance and stability of defect models. Thus, researchers must (1) mitigate (e.g., remove) correlated metrics prior to constructing a defect model; and (2) avoid using ANOVA Type-I even if all correlated metrics are removed.
Magnesium Insertion by Magnesium Chelatase in the Biosynthesis of Zinc Bacteriochlorophyll a in an Aerobic Acidophilic Bacterium Acidiphilium rubrum*

To elucidate the mechanism for formation of zinc-containing bacteriochlorophyll a in the photosynthetic bacterium Acidiphilium rubrum, we isolated homologs of magnesium chelatase subunits (bchI, -D, and-H). A. rubrum bchI and -H were encoded by single genes located on the clustersbchP-orf168-bchI-bchD-orf320-crtI andbchF-N-B-H-L as in Rhodobacter capsulatus, respectively. The deduced sequences of A. rubrum bchI,-D, and -H had overall identities of 59.8, 40.5, and 50.7% to those from Rba. capsulatus, respectively. When these genes were introduced into bchI, bchD, and bchH mutants of Rba. capsulatusfor functional complementation, all mutants were complemented with concomitant synthesis of bacteriochlorophyll a. Analyses of bacteriochlorophyll intermediates showed that A. rubrumcells accumulate magnesium protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester without detectable accumulation of zinc protoporphyrin IX or its monomethyl ester. These results indicate that a single set of magnesium chelatase homologs in A. rubrum catalyzes the insertion of only Mg2+ into protoporphyrin IX to yield magnesium protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester. Consequently, it is most likely that zinc-containing bacteriochlorophyll a is formed by a substitution of Zn2+ for Mg2+ at a step in the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis after formation of magnesium protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester.