Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Convexity Properties of the Condition Number

We define in the space of $n\times m$ matrices of rank $n$, $n\leq m$, the condition Riemannian structure as follows: For a given matrix $A$ the tangent space at $A$ is equipped with the Hermitian inner product obtained by multiplying the usual Frobenius inner product by the inverse of the square of the smallest singular value of $A$ denoted $\sigma_n(A)$. When this smallest singular value has multiplicity 1, the function $A\rightarrow\log(\sigma_n(A)^{-2})$ is a convex function with respect to the condition Riemannian structure that is $t\rightarrow\log(\sigma_n(A(t))^{-2})$ is convex, in the usual sense for any geodesic $A(t)$. In a more abstract setting, a function $\alpha$ defined on a Riemannian manifold $(\mathcal{M},\langle,\rangle)$ is said to be self-convex when $\log\alpha(\gamma(t))$ is convex for any geodesic in $(\mathcal{M},\alpha\,\langle,\rangle)$. Necessary and sufficient conditions for self-convexity are given when $\alpha$ is $C^2$. When $\alpha(x)=d(x,\mathcal{N})^{-2}$, where $d(x,\mathcal{N})$ is the distance from $x$ to a $C^2$ submanifold $\mathcal{N}\subset\mathbb{R}^j$, we prove that $\alpha$ is self-convex when restricted to the largest open set of points $x$ where there is a unique closest point in $\mathcal{N}$ to $x$. We also show, using this more general notion, that the square of the condition number $\|A\|_F\,/\sigma_n(A)$ is self-convex in projective space and the solution variety.
Genomic analyses of bacterial porin-cytochrome gene clusters

The porin-cytochrome (Pcc) protein complex is responsible for trans-outer membrane electron transfer during extracellular reduction of Fe(III) by the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA. The identified and characterized Pcc complex of G. sulfurreducens PCA consists of a porin-like outer-membrane protein, a periplasmic 8-heme c-type cytochrome (c-Cyt) and an outer-membrane 12-heme c-Cyt, and the genes encoding the Pcc proteins are clustered in the same regions of genome (i.e., the pcc gene clusters) of G. sulfurreducens PCA. A survey of additionally microbial genomes has identified the pcc gene clusters in all sequenced Geobacter spp. and other bacteria from six different phyla, including Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans 2CP-1, A. dehalogenans 2CP-C, Anaeromyxobacter sp. K, Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis, Denitrovibrio acetiphilus DSM 12809, Desulfurispirillum indicum S5, Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus AHT2, Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum DSM 11699, Desulfuromonas acetoxidans DSM 684, Ignavibacterium album JCM 16511, and Thermovibrio ammonificans HB-1. The numbers of genes in the pcc gene clusters vary, ranging from two to nine. Similar to the metal-reducing (Mtr) gene clusters of other Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, such as Shewanella spp. , additional genes that encode putative c-Cyts with predicted cellular localizations at the cytoplasmic membrane, periplasm and outer membrane often associate with the pcc gene clusters. This suggests that the Pcc-associated c-Cyts may be part of the pathways for extracellular electron transfer reactions. The presence of pcc gene clusters in the microorganisms that do not reduce solid-phase Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxides, such as D. alkaliphilus AHT2 and I. album JCM 16511, also suggests that some of the pcc gene clusters may be involved in extracellular electron transfer reactions with the substrates other than Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxides.
The HAMMONIA Chemistry Climate Model: Sensitivity of the Mesopause Region to the 11-Year Solar Cycle and CO2 Doubling

Abstract This paper introduces the three-dimensional Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA), which treats atmospheric dynamics, radiation, and chemistry interactively for the height range from the earth’s surface to the thermosphere (approximately 250 km). It is based on the latest version of the ECHAM atmospheric general circulation model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, which is extended to include important radiative and dynamical processes of the upper atmosphere and is coupled to a chemistry module containing 48 compounds. The model is applied to study the effects of natural and anthropogenic climate forcing on the atmosphere, represented, on the one hand, by the 11-yr solar cycle and, on the other hand, by a doubling of the present-day concentration of carbon dioxide. The numerical experiments are analyzed with the focus on the effects on temperature and chemical composition in the mesopause region. Results include a temperature response to the.
Worst-case based robust distributed beamforming for relay networks

A robust distributed beamforming technique for half-duplex relay network is developed. With the mismatched channel state information (CSI) being available at the destination, the received minimum quality-of-service (QoS) is maximized subject to the constraints that the maximum of the individual relay transmitted powers is limited. This distributed beamforming problem is shown to be a quasi-convex problem and can be solved using second-order-cone programming (SOCP) along with a bisection search method. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust to the imperfect knowledge of the CSI and guarantees no relay power outage.
Segmenting Video Foreground Using a Multi-Class MRF

Methods of segmenting objects of interest from video data typically use a background model to represent an empty, static scene. However, dynamic processes in the background, such as moving foliage and water, can act to undermine the robustness of such methods and result in false positive object detections. Techniques for reducing errors have been proposed, including Markov Random Field (MRF) based pixel classification schemes, and also the use of region-based models. The work we present here combines these two approaches, using a region-based background model to provide robust likelihoods for multi-class MRF pixel labelling. Our initial results show the effectiveness of our method, by comparing performance with an analogous per-pixel likelihood model.
A complete simulator architecture for inter-vehicle communication intersection warning systems

This paper presents the complete simulator architecture of the intersection warning system (IWS) capable of evaluating different warning systems and communication protocols. In this simulator, the network layer, the physical layer, the driver behavior, and the vehicle traffic are modeled and simulated in detail. An optional repeater is utilized at the intersection to disseminate the position, the velocity, and the acceleration information of the approaching vehicles to the road segments shadowed by buildings. The simulation results show that IWS can significantly reduce both the vehicle collision percentage and the vehicle collision speed.
Comparison and Translation: A Perspective from Actor-Network Theory

abstract:What can scholars of comparative literature learn from other fields about theories and practices of comparison? This article turns to actor-network theory (ANT) and its explorations of translation, comparison, and similar terms. ANT, it argues, offers an intriguing angle on such modes of relation. In literary studies, comparison has often been subject to stringent critique, accused of imposing false equivalences and oppressive forms of homogenization. Perhaps, however, we can flip things around, reassessing critique via a stress on the complexities of comparison. ANT, as we will see, offers a relational ontology, in contrast to the ethos of negativity that has dominated literary studies in recent years.
Asteroseismic determination of helium abundance in stellar envelopes

ABSTRACT Intermediate degree modes of the solar oscillations have previously been used to de-termine the solar helium abundance to a high degree of precision. However, we cannotexpect to observe such modes in other stars. In this work we investigate whether lowdegree modes that should be available from space-based asteroseismology missionscan be used to determine the helium abundance, Y, in stellar envelopes with suﬃcientprecision. We ﬁnd that the oscillatory signal in the frequencies caused by the depres-sion in Γ 1 in the second helium ionisation zone can be used to determine the envelopehelium abundance of low mass main sequence stars. For frequency errors of 1 part in10 4 , we expect errors σ Y in the estimated helium abundance to range from 0.03 for0.8M ⊙ stars to 0.01 for 1.2M ⊙ stars. The task is more complicated in evolved stars,such as subgiants, but is still feasible if the relative errors in the frequencies are lessthan 10 −4 . Key words: Stars: oscillations; Stars: abundances
The Intel ® Random Number Generator

Intel Random Number Generator ii Information in this document is provided in connection with Intel products. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Intel's Terms and Conditions of Sale for such products, Intel assumes no liability whatsoever, and Intel disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to sale and/or use of Intel products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. Intel products are not intended for use in medical, life saving, or life sustaining applications. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Pax6 and Engrailed 1 Regulate Two Distinct Aspects of Renshaw Cell Development

Many of the interneuron cell types present in the adult spinal cord contribute to the circuits that control locomotion and posture. Little is known, however, about the embryonic origin of these cell types or the molecular mechanisms that control their differentiation. Here we provide evidence that V1 interneurons (INs), an embryonic class of interneurons that transiently express the En1 transcription factor, differentiate as local circuit inhibitory interneurons and form synapses with motor neurons. Furthermore, we show that a subset of V1 INs differentiates as Renshaw cells, the interneuronal cell type that mediates recurrent inhibition of motor neurons. We analyze the role that two V1 IN-related transcription factor genes play in Renshaw cell development. Pax6 (paired box gene 6) is necessary for an early step in Renshaw cell development, whereas Engrailed 1 (En1), which is genetically downstream of Pax6, regulates the formation of inhibitory synapses between Renshaw cells and motor neurons. Together, these results show that Pax6 and En1 have essential roles in establishing the recurrent inhibitory circuit between motor neurons and Renshaw cells.
Integration of multiple heterogeneous databases in Smalltalk

Providing integrated access to multiple, distributed, heterogeneous databases has become very important. Smalltalk can be used to achieve such an objectivity since Smalltalk can provide tools to connect commercial databases like Oracle and Sybase. We also developed tools to connect open source databases like Post-greSQL. Using these tools, data from multiple heterogenous databases can be extracted and mapped into objects in Smalltalk, where their syntactical and semantical conflicts can be resolved by object deputy model. An object deputy language is designed based on object deputy algebra and its compiler has been implemented in Smalltalk. In order to facilitate the use of object deputy language for data integration, we implemented an object deputy browser in Smalltalk.
Image restoration in neutron radiography using complex-wavelet denoising and lucy-richardson deconvolution

In neutron radiography, the projection of the test specimen was generally blurred and noise contaminated simultaneously. An effective strategy for restoration neutron radiography image was presented. It employs bivariate shrinkage rule based on dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) to suppress the noise, then applies Lucy-Richardson (LR) deconvolution algorithm to deblur the image. The result shows that the proposed scheme surplus original LR algorithm by denoising image firstly
Adaptive block-fusion multiple feature tracking in a particle filter framework

In this paper, we propose an adaptive block-fusion multiple feature tracking algorithm in a Particle Filter framework. The features of the object are linear weighted in a single particle filter framework by weighting their contributions using the divisibility between object and background region. A modified strategy named block-fusion is also devised to estimate the divisibility of each particle. We demonstrate the algorithm using color and gradient histogram. Finally, several experiments are implemented to verify the proposed algorithm.
IS and the Jihadist Information Highway – Projecting Influence and Religious Identity via Telegram

Groups such as al-Qaida (AQ) have pursued spectacular attacks to garner media attention and popularize their cause. What is often not noted, however, is that for those who submit themselves to the religious thinking of al-Qaida – and nowadays the self-designated “Islamic State” (IS) – the militant struggle is intertwined with the duty to call upon others to join the movement (da’wa). For jihadists da’wa is obligatory. While AQ’s central organization pioneered the use of bulletin forums, blogs, YouTube and to some extent Facebook, for this and other purposes, it was its Syrian branch, Jabhat al-Nusra, that in 2012 pushed effectively into Twitter use. AQ lost its momentum as the social media pioneer of jihadism shortly thereafter to IS. Since 2013, IS has taken the use of social media da’wa and other activities to the next level. From that point onward IS has very effectively projected influence on Twitter on a massive scale, reaching a global audience. Since early 2016, however, IS’s networks on Twitter have been degraded by various counter-measures, but the group has reconfigured and shifted to a new social media outlet: Telegram. This application has become the most important information outlet for IS and has been used to recruit and guide attackers in Europe. This article takes a closer look at what Telegram is, and how IS uses it for different purposes: not only operationally, but also for identity building.
An analytical approach for query optimization based on hypergraph

In Semantic web, Resource Description Framework (RDF) plays an important role for storing the data. Growth of RDF data throws a challenge for data management and evaluation of SPARQL in optimized time. In this paper we propose a hypergraph based data management system and SPARQL query optimization technique. We use the concept of hypergraph which is a generalization of the graph where the edges connect more than two vertices. We propose some algorithms for storing RDF data as hypergraph and make query on it. We compare the performance of our algorithms with 3 other systems (Rdf-3x, Apache-Jena and AllegroGraph) based on SP2Bench a SPARQL performance benchmark dataset and SPARQL queries.
Multi-resolution out-of-core modeling of terrain and teological data

Multi-resolution is a useful tool for managing the complexity of huge terrain and geological data sets. Since encoding large data sets may easily exceed main memory capabilities, data structures and algorithms capable of efficiently working in external memory are needed. In our work, we aim at developing an out-of-core multi-resolution model dimension-independent, that can be used for both terrains, represented by Triangulated Irregular Networks(TINs), and 3D data, such as geological data, represented by tetrahedral meshes. We have based our approach on a general multi-resolution model, that we have proposed in our previous work, which supports the extraction of variable-resolution representations. As first step, we have developed, in a prototype simulation system, a large number of clustering techniques for the modifications in a multi-resolution model. Here, we describe such techniques, and analyze and evaluate them experimentally. The result of this investigation has led us to select a specific clustering approach as the basis for an efficient out-of-core data structure.
Poster: A Distributed Security Architecture for P2PSIP

—Since early days, peer-to-peer (P2P) protocols have proven signiﬁcant improvements over traditional client-server models. On the other hand, the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a popular protocol for establishing multimedia sessions, and uses a client-server approach. P2PSIP is an architecture for deploying SIP services over a P2P network overlay, and thus leverages the limitations of client-server architectures for SIP. In this work, we present a novel scheme for a secured and distributed P2PSIP model. Our architecture allows a ad-hoc deployment, with a scalable design for a completely distributed security infrastructure.
Efficient Speech/Music Discrimination in Real Time Application

 Abstract — While many efforts have been made in the audio signal classification field, the noise embedded signal problem is seldom concerned so far, especially in many telecommunication applications, where a real-time and noise robust approach is needed. In this paper a ‘Four Class Speech/Music Classifier’ is proposed which gives 95% classification accuracy in real world noise with less computation time.
Adaptive unscented particle filter based on predicted residual

In order overcome the particle degradation and non-adjusted online in the traditional particle filter algorithm, an adaptive un scented particle filter algorithm based on predicted residual is proposed. The algorithm adopts a new proposal distribution combing the unscented kalman filter with the adaptive factor. The algorithm uses Unscented Kalman filter to generate a proposal distribution, in which the covariance of the predicted measurement, the cross-covariance of the state and measurement and the covariance of the state update are online adjusted by predicted residual as adaptive factor. Simulation experiments results of nonlinear state estimation demonstrate that the adaptive unscented particle filter is more adaptive and accuracy is also improved.
Low Frequency Electroacupuncture Alleviated Spinal Nerve Ligation Induced Mechanical Allodynia by Inhibiting TRPV1 Upregulation in Ipsilateral Undamaged Dorsal Root Ganglia in Rats

Neuropathic pain is an intractable problem in clinical practice. Accumulating evidence shows that electroacupuncture (EA) with low frequency can effectively relieve neuropathic pain. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) plays a key role in neuropathic pain. The study aimed to investigate whether neuropathic pain relieved by EA administration correlates with TRPV1 inhibition. Neuropathic pain was induced by right L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in rats. 2 Hz EA stimulation was administered. SNL induced mechanical allodynia in ipsilateral hind paw. SNL caused a significant reduction of TRPV1 expression in ipsilateral L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG), but a significant up-regulation in ipsilateral L4 and L6 DRGs. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) change was consistent with that of TRPV1. EA alleviated mechanical allodynia, and inhibited TRPV1 and CGRP overexpressions in ipsilateral L4 and L6 DRGs. SNL did not decrease pain threshold of contralateral hind paw, and TRPV1 expression was not changed in contralateral L5 DRG. 0.001, 0.01 mg/kg TRPV1 agonist 6′-IRTX fully blocked EA analgesia in ipsilateral hind paw. 0.01 mg/kg 6′-IRTX also significantly decreased pain threshold of contralateral paw. These results indicated that inhibition of TRPV1 up-regulation in ipsilateral adjacent undamaged DRGs contributed to low frequency EA analgesia for mechanical allodynia induced by spinal nerve ligation.
Mapping the body representation in the SI cortex of anesthetized and awake rats

We have used single unit recording techniques to map the representation of cutaneous and joint somatosensory modalities in the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex of both anesthetized and awake rats. The cytoarchitectonic zones within the rat SI were divided into the following main categories: (1) granular zones (GZs)–areas exhibiting koniocortical cytoarchitecture (i.e., containing dense aggregates of layer IV granule cells), (2) perigranular zones (PGZs)–narrow strips of less granular cortex surrounding the GZs, and (3) dysgranular zones (DZs)–large areas of dysgranular cortex enclosed within the SI. The narrow strip between the SI and the rostrally adjacent frontal agranular cortex was termed the “transitional zone” (TZ).
Validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) for the detection of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia

Material and Methods One hundred patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were recruited at the Schizophrenia Clinic at the National Institute of Psychiatry in Mexico. The MoCA, MMSE, and PANSS scales were applied to assess cognitive function. The reliability of the MoCA was established with Cronbach’s alpha, as well as its concurrent validity with the MMSE and the cognitive subscale of the PANSS.
Terminology for Translators-an Implementation of ISO 12620

RÉSUMÉ Pour le traducteur, la terminologie répond davantage à un besoin ponctuel (comment combler cas par cas les lacunes du texte en cours de traduction) qu’à une étude systématique dans un champ bien précis. Cet article fournit un aperçu historique de la terminologie et souligne l’importance de la gestion de la terminologie pour les traducteurs. On s’attarde, en particulier, à décrire une méthode par laquelle les traducteurs peuvent intégrer dans leur travail quotidien une approche terminologique basée sur les catégories de données couvertes par la norme ISO 12620 . Une application spécifique de ces catégories avec un logiciel disponible sur le marché est aussi présentée. ABSTRACT As far as translators are concerned, terminology is primarily an ad hoc affair, more a matter of filling in the blanks in their knowledge than systematically studying a constel-lation of terms in a given universe of discourse. This article sketches the historical background of terminology and discusses the importance of terminology management for translators. More specifically, it outlines a method by which translators can make use of the data categories discussed in ISO 12620 in their daily work. A specific implementation of these data categories, using off-the-shelf software, is presented.
Classification, Mechanisms of Action, and Therapeutic Applications of Inhibitory Oligonucleotides for Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) 7 and 9

Our immune defense depends on two specialized armed forces. The innate force acts as an alarm mechanism that senses changes in the microenvironment through the recognition of common microbial patterns by Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD proteins. It rapidly generates an inflammatory response aimed at neutralizing the intruder at the mucosal checkpoint. The innate arm also communicates this message with more specialized adaptive forces represented by pathogen-specific B cells and T cells. Interestingly, B cells also express some innate sensors, like TLR7 and TLR9, and may respond to bacterial hypomethylated CpG motifs and single-stranded RNA viruses. Intracellular nucleic acid sensing TLRs play an important role in the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). In this review, we describe recent achievements in the development of oligonucleotide—(ODN)-based inhibitors of TLR9 and/or TLR7 signaling. We categorize these novel therapeutics into Classes G, R, and B based on their cellular and molecular targets. Several short ODNs have already shown promise as pathway-specific therapeutics for animal lupus. We envision their future use in human SLE, microbial DNA-dependent sepsis, and in other autoinflammatory diseases.