Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selective stabilization of tau in axons and microtubule-associated protein 2C in cell bodies and dendrites contributes to polarized localization of cytoskeletal proteins in mature neurons

In mature neurons, tau is abundant in axons, whereas microtubule- associated protein 2 (MAP2) and MAP2C are specifically localized in dendrites. Known mechanisms involved in the compartmentalization of these cytoskeletal proteins include the differential localization of mRNA (MAP2 mRNA in dendrites, MAP2C mRNA in cell body, and Tau mRNA in proximal axon revealed by in situ hybridization) (Garner, C.C., R.P. Tucker, and A. Matus. 1988. Nature (Lond.). 336:674-677; Litman, P., J. Barg, L. Rindzooski, and I. Ginzburg. 1993. Neuron. 10:627-638), suppressed transit of MAP2 into axons (revealed by cDNA transfection into neurons) (Kanai, Y., and N. Hirokawa. 1995. Neuron. 14:421-432), and differential turnover of MAP2 in axons vs dendrites (Okabe, S., and N. Hirokawa. 1989. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86:4127-4131). To investigate whether differential turnover of MAPs contributes to localization of other major MAPs in general, we microinjected biotinylated tau, MAP2C, or MAP2 into mature spinal cord neurons in culture (approximately 3 wk) and then analyzed their fates by antibiotin immunocytochemistry. Initially, each was detected in axons and dendrites, although tau persisted only in axons, whereas MAP2C and MAP2 were restricted to cell bodies and dendrites. Injected MAP2C and MAP2 bound to dendritic microtubules more firmly than to microtubules in axons, while injected tau bound to axonal microtubules more firmly than to microtubules in dendrites. Thus, beyond contributions from mRNA localization and selective axonal transport, compartmentalization of each of the three major MAPs occurs through local differential turnover.
Quality assessment of biometric systems: a comprehensive perspective based on accuracy and performance measurement

Despite the efforts of the international biometric community, the measurement of the accuracy of a biometric system is far from being completely investigated and, eventually, standardized. This paper presents a critical analysis of the accuracy and performance measurement of a biometric system. Current approaches to the problem and procedural error have been described and criticized. Finally, a methodology for the measurement of the accuracy of biometric systems with nonsymmetric matching function will be proposed and discussed.
A spectral envelope estimation method based on F0-adaptive multi-frame integration analysis

This paper presents a novel method of spectral envelope estimation and representation. Despite much sophisticated work in this area, estimating an appropriate envelope is still difficult. We therefore propose an F0-adaptive multi-frame integration analysis method for estimating spectral envelopes with appropriate shape and high temporal resolution. The method does not use pitch marks or phoneme labels and can be used with various types of sound (speech, singing, and instruments). The basic idea is to use F0-adaptive window analysis with a small window length yielding high temporal resolution. The analysis is then extended by using neighboring frames to obtain a stable spectral envelope. In tests using synthesized sound and resynthesized natural sound samples, for 8 of 14 samples the log-spectral distances obtained with the proposed method were smaller than those obtained with well-known previous methods.
Analysis of temporal characteristics of the editorial processing in scientific periodicals

The first part of our work is connected with the analysis of typical random variables for the specific human-initiated process. We study the data characterizing editorial work with received manuscripts in several scientific journals. In such a way we found the waiting time distributions that could be called the typical for an ordinary peer-review scientific journal. In the second part of this study a model of editorial processing of received manuscripts is developed. Within the model, different scenarios of the manuscript editorial processing are examined. Combining the results of the quantitative experiment and model simulations we arrive to the set of conclusions about time characteristics of editorial process in scientific journals and a peer-review contribution.
Hierarchical clustering of microarray data with probe-level uncertainty

Handling microarray data is particularly challenging mainly due to the high dimensionality of such data, which demands for computer-aided methods, and to the intrinsic difficulty of devising notions of proximity between spots of array traps. In this paper, we propose a new approach to modeling the probe-level uncertainty in microarray data that allows for a more expressive representation of the data and a more accurate processing. This approach is essentially based on a recently proposed method for uncertain data clustering. This method lies in a centroid-linkage-based agglomerative hierarchical algorithm, named U-AHC, and an information-theoretic-based distance measure between uncertain data [8]. We have conducted experiments on four large microarray datasets, in order to assess effectiveness of the proposed clustering method. Experimental results have shown high quality results in terms of compactness of the clustering solutions.
Community Evacuation Planning for Bushfires Using Agent-Based Simulation: Demonstration

We present a proof-of-concept agent-based simulation tool, for use in training by emergency services in Australia, for planning community evacuations in the event of a severe bushfire threat. The tool allows Incident Controller personnel to interactively schedule the evacuation of a town area, by sub-region, and then evaluate the effectiveness of their plan in terms of traffic flow and overall evacuation time. A bird's eye view gives immediate visual feedback as the evacuation unfolds, while a non-interactive mode allows the scenario to be re-run hundreds to times, and results aggregated, to build further confidence in the chosen schedule.
Operational performance and benchmarking: A case study of international tourist hotels in Taipei

Operational performance evaluation and process improvement in hotels have been the focus of several studies, a number of which have used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the operational performance of hotels in different destinations. This study sets out to evaluate the operational efficiency of twenty-three tourist hotels in Taipei over five years (2003 to 2007) using DEA models and the cross-efficiency evaluation method. Efficiency measures are based on four input measures: the total number of hotel rooms, the total number of employees, food and beverage (F and B) capacity, and total operating cost. The three output measures are guest room revenue, F and B revenue, and other revenue. The efficiency scores derived from the DEA models are subject to clustering analysis to identify benchmarks for efficiency improvement in poorly performing hotels. The contributions and managerial implications of the study are discussed. Key words: Data envelopment analysis (DEA),
Scalable Web Data Extraction for Online Market Intelligence

Online market intelligence (OMI), in particular competitive intelligence for product pricing, is a very important application area for Web data extraction. However, OMI presents non-trivial challenges to data extraction technology. Sophisticated and highly parameterized navigation and extraction tasks are required. On-the-fly data cleansing is necessary in order two identify identical products from different suppliers. It must be possible to smoothly define data flow scenarios that merge and filter streams of extracted data stemming from several Web sites and store the resulting data into a data warehouse, where the data is subjected to market intelligence analytics. Finally, the system must be highly scalable, in order to be able to extract and process massive amounts of data in a short time. Lixto (www.lixto.com), a company offering data extraction tools and services, has been providing OMI solutions for several customers. In this paper we show how Lixto has tackled each of the above challenges by improving and extending its original data extraction software. Most importantly, we show how high scalability is achieved through cloud computing. This paper also features a case study from the computers and electronics market.
Enhancing ArgoUML by the Context-Based Component Constraint Language CCL

Software evolution is a major challenge to software development. When adapting a system model to new, altered or deleted requirements, existing requirements should not unintentionally be violated. Therefore, the context-based component constraint language CCL specifies which requirement applies to which parts of a system. It is based on UML and uses a new technique: one context-based constraint (CoCon) specifies a requirement for a group of components, interfaces or business objects that share a context. Thus, compliance with requirements can be verified automatically when modells are modified. We plan to implement a CCL plugin for ArgoUML in winter 2001/02. This Plugin will add new diagrams and enhance the design critique mechanism.
Do People “Pop Out”?

The human body is a highly familiar and socially very important object. Does this mean that the human body has a special status with respect to visual attention? In the current paper we tested whether people in natural scenes attract attention and “pop out” or, alternatively, are at least searched for more efficiently than targets of another category (machines). Observers in our study searched a visual array for dynamic or static scenes containing humans amidst scenes containing machines and vice versa. The arrays consisted of 2, 4, 6 or 8 scenes arranged in a circular array, with targets being present or absent. Search times increased with set size for dynamic and static human and machine targets, arguing against pop out. However, search for human targets was more efficient than for machine targets as indicated by shallower search slopes for human targets. Eye tracking further revealed that observers made more first fixations to human than to machine targets and that their on-target fixation durations were shorter for human compared to machine targets. In summary, our results suggest that searching for people in natural scenes is more efficient than searching for other categories even though people do not pop out.
MEASUREMENT STUDY ON PACKET SIZE AND PACKET RATE EFFECTS OVER VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORK PERFORMANCE 1

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a type mobile ad hoc network which is developed to increase physical safety of vehicles’ derivers. Many parameters affect the performance of VANET. Packet size and packet rate are two important parameters that need to be considered when using VANET. Different values of these parameters provide different network performance. Using large packet size leads to reduce packet header overhead, but may leads to increase packet loss ratio due to packets collision. Therefore the values of these parameters must be chosen carefully. This paper presents an investigation and analysis of using different packet sizes and different packet rates on a VANET consists of wireless nodes distributed along a highway. The investigation and analysis were performed under varying network environments and for several different evaluation metrics. It is a conclusion of this study that using small packet size gives better network performance than using large packet size. Moreover, the slow packet rate can provide better network performance than using faster packet rate in highway VANET.
3D Simulation of Real-Time Infrared Scene Based on DSP

Nowadays 3D simulation of Infrared scene is quite popular. Most of these simulations were realized on PC and under the help of many free or commercial 3D APIs or libraries. We carried out our simulation by a rendering engine written by ourselves, and implement this engine on a DSP board, which gave us much convenience to directly inject the digital result into the IR tracking and alarming systems which use the result as their data source. We also used some techniques such as look-up table, culling, etc, to accelerate the IR radiance calculation and rendering speed. The result shows that itpsilas a valuable attempt, which can make the IR scene generator smaller and more portable, and gain advantage in the hardware acceleration as well as convenience in future system connection.
Analogical Problem Solving: Insights from Verbal Reports

Problem solving is a complex cognitive activity that involves the construction of sequences of actions to reach a given goal. One powerful strategy is to identify analogies between the problem at hand and previously encountered ones. Relevant similarities between problems can be detected more easily if there is a high resemblance on the surface or with respect to structure. Earlier theoretical observations and performance data have pointed to two distinct kinds of analogical reasoning, direct solution transfer (transformational analogy) and the creation of a new solution based on adapted past reasoning processes (derivational analogy). In order to gain insights about the cognitive processes involved, we extend this work by an analysis of different kinds of verbal data. Planning protocols were collected prior to problem solving, and retrospective reports, evaluations, and instructions were elicited after the task was completed. Results show that the different kinds of analogical reasoning involved different degrees of analogy awareness, as reflected by the verbalizations. Derivational analogy involved problem solving on a more detailed and structured step-by-step basis than the more superficial transformational strategy, in which a simple matching procedure was employed.
Distributed resource allocation for single-hop networks under the SINR model

We consider the problem of distributed resource allocation in a single-hop wireless network under the SINR model. The network consists of fixed transmitters and their distinct receivers, and the physical layer model we consider is the SINR threshold model, where the transmitter will be able to send data successfully to its receiver at a fixed rate if the SINR at the receiver is greater than a given threshold. We address the problem of joint power control and link activation in a distributed setting, in order to stably support any traffic arrival process whose rate vector lies inside the capacity region. One of the technical contributions of this paper is in identifying a linear program to determine the optimal durations for employing each activation, whose solution decouples into a distributed algorithm, upon introducing a logarithmic barrier function.
Benchmarking Python Tools for Automatic Differentiation

In this paper we compare several Python tools for automatic differentiation. In order to assess the difference in performance and precision, the problem of finding the optimal geometrical structure of the cluster with identical atoms is used as follows. First, we compare performance of calculating gradients for the objective function. We showed that the PyADOL-C and PyCppAD tools have much better performance for big clusters than the other ones. Second, we assess precision of these two tools by calculating the difference between the obtained at the optimal configuration gradient norms. We conclude that PyCppAD has the best performance among others, while having almost the same precision as the second- best performing tool - PyADOL-C.
A New Rapid System and Method for CV

In this article, we give a new method "mirror method" which has not been used in Camera Calibration and computer vision. The method is easy to implement and has very good result. The essence in the method is to utilize mirror. So in the article, we use the method to implement camera calibration rapidly, and use it to implement 3D reconstructed.
DoF Analysis of the MIMO Broadcast Channel With Alternating/Hybrid CSIT

We consider a K-user multiple-input singleoutput (MISO) broadcast channel (BC) where the channel state information (CSI) of user i(i = 1,2, . ., K) may be instantaneously perfect (P), delayed (D), or not known (N) at the transmitter with probabilities λ<sub>P</sub><sup>i</sup>, λ<sub>D</sub><sup>i</sup>, and λ<sub>N</sub><sup>i</sup>, respectively. In this setting, according to the three possible CSI at the transmitter (CSIT) for each user, knowledge of the joint CSIT of the K users could have at most 3K states. In this paper, given the marginal probabilities of CSIT (i.e., λ<sub>P</sub><sup>i</sup>, λ<sub>D</sub><sup>i</sup>, and λ<sub>N</sub><sup>i</sup>), we derive an outer bound for the degrees of freedom (DoF) region of the K-user MISO BC. Subsequently, we tighten this outer bound by considering a set of inequalities that capture some of the 3K states of the joint CSIT. One of the consequences of this set of inequalities is that for K ≥ 3, it is shown that the DoF region is not completely characterized by the marginal probabilities in contrast to the two-user case. Afterwards, the tightness of these bounds is investigated through the discussion on the achievability. Finally, a two user multiple-input multipleoutput BC having CSIT among P and N is considered in which an outer bound for the DoF region is provided, and it is shown that in some scenarios, it is tight.
Engineering new bone tissue in vitro on highly porous poly(alpha-hydroxyl acids)/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds.

Engineering new bone tissue with cells and a synthetic extracellular matrix (scaffolding) represents a new approach for the regeneration of mineralized tissues compared with the transplantation of bone (autografts or allografts). In the present work, highly porous poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and PLLA/hydroxyapatite (HAP) composite scaffolds were prepared with a thermally induced phase separation technique. The scaffolds were seeded with osteoblastic cells and cultured in vitro. In the pure PLLA scaffolds, the osteoblasts attached primarily on the outer surface of the polymer. In contrast, the osteoblasts penetrated deep into the PLLA/HAP scaffolds and were uniformly distributed. The osteoblast survival percentage in the PLLA/HAP scaffolds was superior to that in the PLLA scaffolds. The osteoblasts proliferated in both types of the scaffolds, but the cell number was always higher in the PLLA/HAP composite scaffolds during 6 weeks of in vitro cultivation. Bone-specific markers (mRNAs encoding bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin) were expressed more abundantly in the PLLA/HAP composite scaffolds than in the PLLA scaffolds. The new tissue increased continuously in the PLLA/HAP composite scaffolds, whereas new tissue formed only near the surface of pure PLLA scaffolds. These results demonstrate that HAP imparts osteoconductivity and the highly porous PLLA/HAP composite scaffolds are superior to pure PLLA scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Reduced Overhead Based Approach for Secure Communication in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructureless mobile networks where nodes can freely move and join. MANET has attracted much attention in recent years owing to the increased focus on wireless communication. It is a highly flexible network, vulnerable to various types of security attacks by malicious nodes. Ensuring network security is a major concern in the case of MANET. Certificate revocation play an important role in securing the network by isolating attackers from further participating in network activities. Certification Authority (CA) is responsible for revoking the certificates of attacker nodes. CA maintains two lists, warning list and black list to keep accusing and accused nodes respectively inorder to perform revocation process by considering the first arrived accusation packet. In this paper we focus on the problems of certificate revocation based on first accusation. A threshold based approach is proposed for certificate revocation with better performance, but there is some sort of overhead exist. Inorder to make the communication in MANET more secure we propose a reduced overhead based approach that enhances threshold based approach which introduce an additional list, intermediate list in the CA. The scheme is evaluated and results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is effective and efficient to provide secure communication in mobile ad hoc network.
Artemis: Practical Runtime Monitoring of Applications for Errors

A number of hardware and software techniques have been proposed to detect dynamic program behaviors that may indicate a bug in a program. Because these techniques suffer from high overheads they are useful in finding bugs in programs before they are released, but are significantly less useful in finding the much harder to detect bugs in long-running programs – the bugs that are the most difficult to find using traditional techniques. In this paper we propose the Artemis1 compiler-based instrumentation framework that complements many pre-existing runtime monitoring techniques, yielding an average asymptotic lower bound on overhead of 11% on the seven SPEC benchmarks tested. 1Artemis is the Greek goddess of the hunt and wild animals. Our framework guides the hunt for wild bugs.
Effects of Anonaine on Dopamine Biosynthesis and l-DOPA-Induced Cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells

The effects of anonaine, an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid, on dopamine biosynthesis and l-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells were investigated. Anonaine at concentration ranges of 0.01-0.2 μM showed a significant inhibition of dopamine content at 24 h, with an IC50 value of 0.05 μM. Anonaine at 0.05 μM inhibited tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) activities to 38.4-40.2% and 78.4-90.2% of control levels at 12-24 h and 3-6 h, respectively. TH activity was more influenced than AADC activity. Anonaine also decreased intracellular cyclic AMP levels, but not intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. In addition, anonaine (0.05 μM) reduced l-DOPA (50 μM and 100 μM)-induced increases in dopamine content at 24 h. However, anonaine (0.05 μM) did not enhance l-DOPA (50 μM and 100 μM)-induced cell death after 24 h. These results suggest that anonaine inhibits dopamine biosynthesis by mainly reducing TH activity without aggravating l-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells.
Cross-Sensory Modulation of Primary Sensory Cortex Is Developmentally Regulated by Early Sensory Experience

The presence of cross-sensory influences on neuronal responses in primary sensory cortex has been observed previously using several different methods. To test this idea in rat S1 barrel cortex, we hypothesized that auditory stimuli combined with whisker stimulation (“cross-sensory” stimuli) may modify response levels to whisker stimulation. Since the brain has been shown to have a remarkable capacity to be modified by early postnatal sensory activity, manipulating postnatal sensory experiences would be predicted to alter the degree of cross-sensory interactions. To test these ideas, we raised rats with or without whisker deprivation and with or without postnatal exposure to repeated auditory clicks. We recorded extracellular responses under urethane anesthesia from barrel cortex neurons in response to principal whisker stimulation alone, to auditory click stimulation alone, or to a cross-sensory stimulus. The responses were compared statistically across different stimulus conditions and across different rearing groups. Barrel neurons did not generate action potentials in response to auditory click stimuli alone in any rearing group. However, in cross-sensory stimulus conditions the response magnitude was facilitated in the 0–15 ms post-whisker-stimulus epoch in all rearing conditions, whereas modulation of response magnitude in a later 15–30 ms post-whisker-stimulus epoch was significantly different in each rearing condition. The most significant cross-sensory effect occurred in rats that were simultaneously whisker deprived and click reared. We conclude that there is a modulatory type of cross-sensory auditory influence on normal S1 barrel cortex, which can be enhanced by early postnatal experiences.