Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An unsupervised approach for gait-based authentication

Similar to fingerprint and iris pattern, everyone's gait is unique, and gait has been proposed as a biometric feature for security applications. This paper presents a lightweight accelerometer-based technique for user authentication on smart wearable devices. Designed as an unsupervised classification approach, the proposed authentication technique can learn the user's gait pattern automatically when the user first starts wearing the device. Anomaly detection is then used to verify the device owner. The technique has been evaluated both in controlled and uncontrolled environments, with 20 and 6 healthy volunteers respectively. The Equal Error Rate (EER) in the controlled environments ranged from 5.7% (waist-mounted sensor) to 8.0% (trouser pocket). In the uncontrolled experiment, the device was put in the subject's trouser pocket, and the results were similar to the respective supervised experiment (EER=9.7%).
Hybrid Intelligence for Driver Assistance

We report on our on-going effort to build an adaptive driver support system, Driver Advocate TM , merging various AI techniques, in particular, agents, ontology, production systems and machine learning technologies. The goal of DA is to help drivers have a safer, more enjoyable, and more productive driving experience, by managing their attention and workload. This paper describes the overall architecture of the DA system, focusing on how we integrate agent and machine learning technologies to make it support the driver intelligently and unobtrusively. The architecture has been partially implemented in a prototype system built upon a high-fidelity driving simulator, letting us run human experiments. The human driving data collected from the simulator are used as input to machine learning tools to make DA learn to adapt to the unique driving behavior of each driver. Once the DA demonstrates the desired capabilities, it will be tested in a real car in an actual driving environment.
A New Architecture for Radix-2 DHT

This paper proposes a new architecture for radix-2 DHT. In the known algorithms, the stage structures perform all the additions and multiplications. The proposed algorithm introduces multiplying structures which perform all the multiplications with the cosine coefficients and their related additions. This leads to i) simplification of the stage structures which now have to perform only the additions, and ii) a reduction in the number of multiplications without affecting the total number of additions. A new architecture utilizing current feedback operational amplifiers which implements the proposed algorithm in hardware has been proposed. The architecture has been tested by simulating it with the help of Orcad PSpice.
The haemotoxicity of mitomycin in a repeat dose study in the female CD‐1 mouse

Mitomycin (MMC), like many antineoplastic drugs, induces a predictable, dose‐related, bone marrow depression in man and laboratory animals; this change is generally reversible. However, there is evidence that MMC may also cause a late‐stage or residual bone marrow injury. The present study in female CD‐1 mice investigated the haematological and bone marrow changes induced by MMC in a repeat dose study lasting 50 days. Control and MMC‐treated mice were dosed intraperitoneally on eight occasions over 18 days with vehicle, or MMC at 2.5 mg/kg, autopsied (n = 6–12) at 1, 7, 14, 28, 42 and 50 days after the final dose and haematological changes investigated. Femoral nucleated bone marrow cell counts and levels of apoptosis were also evaluated and clonogenic assays carried out; serum levels of FLT3 ligand (FL) were assessed. At day 1 post‐dosing, MMC induced significant reductions in RBC, Hb and haematocrit (HCT) values, and there were decreases in reticulocyte, platelet, and femoral nucleated cell counts (FNCC); neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte values were also significantly reduced. On days 7 and 14 post‐dosing, all haematological parameters showed evidence of a return towards normal values, but at these times, and at day 28, values for RBC and FNCC remained significantly reduced in comparison with controls. At days 42 and 50 post‐dosing, many haematological parameters in MMC‐treated mice had returned to control levels; however, there remained evidence of late‐stage effects on RBC, Hb and HCT values, and FNCC also continued to be significantly decreased. Results for granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐forming units and erythroid colonies showed a profound decrease immediately post‐dosing, but a return to normal values was evident at day 50. Serum FL concentrations demonstrated very significant increases in the immediate post‐dosing period, but a return to normal was seen at day 50 post‐dosing; a relatively similar pattern was seen in the number of apoptotic femoral marrow nucleated cells. The histopathological examination of kidney tissues from MMC animals at day 42 and 50 post‐dosing showed evidence of hydronephrosis with cortical glomerular/tubular atrophy and degeneration. It is therefore concluded that MMC administered on eight occasions over 18 days to female CD‐1 mice at 2.5 mg/kg induced profound changes in haematological and bone marrow parameters in the immediate post‐dosing period with a return to normal levels at day 50 post‐dosing; however, there was evidence of mild but significant late‐stage/residual effects on RBC and FNCC, and on cells of the erythroid lineage in the bone marrow.
Dropout Prevention and Intervention Programs: Effects on School Completion and Dropout Among School-Aged Children and Youth: A Systematic Review

Dropping out of high school is associated with numerous detrimental consequences, including low wages, unemployment, incarceration, and poverty. There are a large number of school and community-based prevention and intervention programs for general population and at-risk students, and there are a number of programs designed specifically to encourage school completion among pregnant and parenting teens. No comprehensive systematic reviews have examined these programs’ overall effectiveness.The objectives of this systematic review were to summarize the available evidence on the effects of prevention and intervention programs aimed at primary and secondary students for increasing school completion or reducing school dropout. The primary focus of the meta-analysis was to examine the comparative effectiveness of different programs and program approaches in an effort to identify those with the largest and most reliable effects on school completion and dropout outcomes. We also sought to summarize the effects of programs designed for pregnant and parenting teens.
High‐level expression of a neoagarobiose‐producing β‐agarase gene from Agarivorans sp. JAMB‐A11 in Bacillus subtilis and enzymic properties of the recombinant enzyme

The structural gene for a neoagarobiose‐producing β‐agarase of an Agarivorans isolate was expressed in Bacillus subtilis. High‐level production of the recombinant enzyme was achieved corresponding to a level of 1.9×104 units/l of the culture broth. The efficiency of the production is thus 30‐fold greater than that of the original strain. The recombinant enzyme (RagaA11) had a molecular mass of 105 kDa and a specific activity of 371 units/mg. The optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme were 7.5–8.0 and 40 °C respectively. The enzyme is an endo‐type β‐agarase hydrolysing not only agarose, but also neoagarotetraose, to yield neoagarobiose as the final main product, representing approx. 90 mol% of total products. RagaA11 would be useful for industrial production of neoagarobiose.
Reversal of mitochondrial defects with CSB-dependent serine protease inhibitors in patient cells of the progeroid Cockayne syndrome

Significance Ageing is dramatically accelerated in Cockayne syndrome (CS), but the impairments that lead to this phenotype have not been elucidated. The DNA repair proteins CSA or CSB are mutated in CS, but premature ageing is not caused by the DNA repair defect. CSB also affects mitochondrial turnover. Our data reveal a novel pathway that is affected in CS cells. We show that CSB deregulates the expression of a serine protease, which degrades mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma and impairs mitochondrial function. We rescue this defect, by two independent strategies, in primary cells from patients. Our findings open novel possibilities for developing treatments, which are presently missing for CS patients. Abnormalities revealed here might occur at a slower rate during normal physiological ageing. UV-sensitive syndrome (UVSS) and Cockayne syndrome (CS) are human disorders caused by CSA or CSB gene mutations; both conditions cause defective transcription-coupled repair and photosensitivity. Patients with CS also display neurological and developmental abnormalities and dramatic premature aging, and their cells are hypersensitive to oxidative stress. We report CSA/CSB-dependent depletion of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase-γ catalytic subunit (POLG1), due to HTRA3 serine protease accumulation in CS, but not in UVsS or control fibroblasts. Inhibition of serine proteases restored physiological POLG1 levels in either CS fibroblasts and in CSB-silenced cells. Moreover, patient-derived CS cells displayed greater nitroso-redox imbalance than UVSS cells. Scavengers of reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite normalized HTRA3 and POLG1 levels in CS cells, and notably, increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which was altered in CS cells. These data reveal critical deregulation of proteases potentially linked to progeroid phenotypes in CS, and our results suggest rescue strategies as a therapeutic option.
The Role of Phragmites australis in Mediating Inland Salt Marsh Migration in a Mid-Atlantic Estuary

Many sea level rise adaptation plans emphasize the protection of adjacent uplands to allow for inland salt marsh migration, but little empirical information exists on this process. Using aerial photos from 1930 and 2006 of Delaware Estuary coastal habitats in New Jersey, I documented the rate of coastal forest retreat and the rate of inland salt marsh migration across 101.1 km of undeveloped salt marsh and forest ecotone. Over this time, the amount of forest edge at this ecotone nearly doubled. In addition, the average amount of forest retreat was 141.2 m while the amount of salt marsh inland migration was 41.9 m. Variation in forest retreat within the study area was influenced by variation in slope. The lag between the amount of forest retreat and salt marsh migration is accounted for by the presence of Phragmites australis which occupies the forest and salt marsh ecotone. Phragmites expands from this edge into forest dieback areas, and the ability of salt marsh to move inland and displace Phragmites is likely influenced by salinity at both an estuary-wide scale and at the scale of local subwatersheds. Inland movement of salt marsh is lowest at lower salinity areas further away from the mouth of the estuary and closer to local heads of tide. These results allow for better prediction of salt marsh migration in estuarine landscapes and provide guidance for adaptation planners seeking to prioritize those places with the highest likelihood of inland salt marsh migration in the near-term.
Development of a Muslim Religiosity Scale

The main focus of the study was the construction of a new scale for measuring religiosity among Muslims. Two other existing scales were also used. Utilizing 169 (108 male, 61 female) Saudi Arabian Muslim college students, an exploratory Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was employed on a set of questionnaire items intended to measure Islamic religiosity. Six components were extracted, which represented the religious dimensions of practice, societal value of religion, belief in central tenets, personal need for religion, reliance on practical guidance, and unquestioning acceptance. Predictions regarding multidimensionality of Muslim religiosity were generally supported. However, the PCA-based scales developed in this study will need further work to establish their psychometric robustness, particularly because some scales were difficult to label and did not conform to prior expectations. Predictions regarding differences in levels of religiosity were also generally supported. As predicted, students of Islamic studies were more religious than students of Arts and Humanities, and females were on average more religious than males. Special challenges in measuring the Islamic religiosity are discussed, including: measuring the belief dimension, offending participants, and gender of participants.
Matching Application Signatures for Performance Predictions Using a Single Execution

Performance predictions for large problem sizes and processors using limited small scale runs are useful for a variety of purposes including scalability projections, and help in minimizing the time taken for constructing training data for building performance models. In this paper, we present a prediction framework that matches execution signatures for performance predictions of HPC applications using a single small scale application execution. Our framework extracts execution signatures of applications and performs automatic phase identification of different application phases. Application signatures of the different phases are matched with the execution profiles of reference kernels stored in a kernel database. The performance of the reference kernels are then used to predict the performance of the application phases. For phases that do not match significantly, our framework performs static analysis of loops and functions in the application to provide prediction ranges. We demonstrate this integrated set of techniques in our framework with three large scale applications, including GTC, a Particle-in-Cell code for turbulence simulation, Sweep3d, a 3D neutron transport application and SMG2000, a multigrid solver. We show that our prediction ranges are accurate in most cases.
The conjunction of non-consciously perceived object identity and spatial position can be retained during a visual short-term memory task

Although non-consciously perceived information has previously been assumed to be short-lived (< 500 ms), recent findings show that non-consciously perceived information can be maintained for at least 15 s. Such findings can be explained as working memory without a conscious experience of the information to be retained. However, whether or not working memory can operate on non-consciously perceived information remains controversial, and little is known about the nature of such non-conscious visual short-term memory (VSTM). Here we used continuous flash suppression to render stimuli non-conscious, to investigate the properties of non-consciously perceived representations in delayed match-to-sample (DMS) tasks. In Experiment I we used variable delays (5 or 15 s) and found that performance was significantly better than chance and was unaffected by delay duration, thereby replicating previous findings. In Experiment II the DMS task required participants to combine information of spatial position and object identity on a trial-by-trial basis to successfully solve the task. We found that the conjunction of spatial position and object identity was retained, thereby verifying that non-conscious, trial-specific information can be maintained for prospective use. We conclude that our results are consistent with a working memory interpretation, but that more research is needed to verify this interpretation.
Secretory cells of the peripheral pulmonary epithelium as targets for toxic agents.

The extracellular lining of the pulmonary peripheral airways is of vital importance to the lung. In this report, some aspects of the pulmonary extracellular lining and the epithelial cells believed to be responsible for its formation and secretion have been briefly reviewed. The influence of a number of toxic agents on the extracellular lining either directly or via those cells involved in its formation indicates that the extracellular lining may be important in understanding numerous toxic agent interactions with the lung. ImagesFIGURE 1.FIGURE 2.FIGURE 2.FIGURE 3.FIGURE 4.
A model of object database applications and its use in cost estimation

This paper presents a new model of object database applications for use in performance modeling. Uncler our approach, the essential features of the application source code wit h respect to persistent data access are captured in a graphical form. This graph is annotated with statistics representative of a typical application execution and with hints about expected patt ems of locality in data access. The graph is then traversed while the cache contents at the application client are estimated for each node in the graph, eventually producing an estimate of disk page fetches and netwc,rk messages for a page-server object database. The novel features of this approach, compared to the usual approach based on object reference traces, are its efficiency in performance modeling due to the compact representation of application execution, the ease with which it can be used to identify bottleneck areas in application code, and the ability to tune the accuracy of the application’s representation so that bottleneck areaa are modeled more precisely. In addition, our approach allows the software engineer to locate performance problems early in the design of the object database application, and easily estimate the effect of high-level changes in application code.
A new algorithm for contact angle estimation in molecular dynamics simulations

It is important to study contact angle of a liquid on a solid surface to understand its wetting properties, capillarity and surface interaction energy. While performing transient molecular dynamics (MD) simulations it requires calculating the time evolution of contact angle. This is a tedious effort to do manually or with image processing algorithms. In this work we propose a new algorithm to estimate contact angle from MD simulations directly and in a computationally efficient way. This algorithm segregates the droplet molecules from the vapor molecules using Mahalanobis distance (MND) technique. Then the density is smeared onto a 2D grid using 4th order B-spline interpolation function. The vapor liquid interface data is estimated from the grid using density filtering. With the interface data a circle is fitted using Landau method. The equation of this circle is solved for obtaining the contact angle. This procedure is repeated by rotating the droplet about the vertical axis. We have applied this algorithm to a number of studies (different potentials and thermostat methods) which involves the MD simulation of water.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Atomic coherent states and sphere maps

An atomic coherent state will evolve to an atomic coherent state under a classical driving field. Under a time-periodic driving field the phase space for the dynamics is S2 × S1, so that chaotic motion is possible. We explore the types of motion that can occur for periodically driven atomic coherent states by investigating the properties of the first return map S2 → S2. The sphere map that we introduce is a generalization of the Kolmogorov–Arnold circle map that is based on the Gauss sphere map. We find mixtures of mode-locking, quasiperiodicity, forward and reverse period-doubling cascades and chaos. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to ‘Coherent states: mathematical and physical aspects’.
Transgenic λ medaka as a new model for germ cell mutagenesis

To address the need for improved approaches to study mutations transmitted to progeny from mutagen‐exposed parents, we evaluated λ transgenic medaka, a small fish that carries the cII mutation target gene, as a new model for germ cell mutagenesis. Mutations in the cII gene in progeny derived from ethyl‐nitrosourea (ENU)‐exposed males were readily detected. Frequencies of mutant offspring, proportions of mosaic or whole body mutant offspring, and mutational spectra differed according to germ cell stage exposed to ENU. Postmeiotic germ cells (spermatozoa/late spermatids) generated a higher frequency of mutant offspring (11%) compared to premeiotic germ cells (3.5%). Individuals with cII mutant frequencies (MF) elevated more than threefold above the spontaneous MF (3 × 10−5) in the range of 10−4 to 10−3 were mosaic mutant offspring, whereas those with MFs approaching 1 × 10−2 were whole body mutant offspring. Mosaic mutant offspring comprised the majority of mutant offspring derived from postmeiotic germ cells, and unexpectedly, from spermatogonial stem cells. Mutational spectra comprised of two different mutations, but at identical sites were unusual and characteristic of delayed mutations, in which fixation of a second mutation was delayed following fertilization. Delayed mutations and prevalence of mosaic mutant offspring add to growing evidence that implicates germ cells in mediating processes postfertilization that contribute to genomic instability in progeny. This model provides an efficient and sensitive approach to assess germ cell mutations, expands opportunities to increase understanding of fundamental mechanisms of mutagenesis, and provides a means for improved assessment of potential genetic health risks. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. , 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contribution of SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase to osmotic regulation of the transcription factor TonEBP/OREBP

Hypertonicity activates the transcription factor TonEBP/OREBP, resulting in increased expression of osmoprotective genes, including those responsible for accumulation of organic osmolytes and heat-shock proteins. Phosphorylation of TonEBP/OREBP contributes to its activation. Several of the kinases that are involved were previously identified, but the phosphatases were not. In the present studies we screened a genomewide human phosphatase siRNA library in human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells for effects on TonEBP/OREBP transcriptional activity. We found that siRNAs against 57 phosphatases significantly alter TonEBP/OREBP transcriptional activity during normotonicity (290 mosmol/kg) or hypertonicity (500 mosmol/kg, NaCl added) or both. Most siRNAs increase TonEBP/OREBP activity, implying that the targeted phosphatases normally reduce that activity. We further studied in detail SHP-1, whose knockdown by its specific siRNA increases TonEBP/OREBP transcriptional activity at 500 mosmol/kg. We confirmed that SHP-1 is inhibitory by overexpressing it, which reduces TonEBP/OREBP transcriptional activity at 500 mosmol/kg. SHP-1 dephosphorylates TonEBP/OREBP at a known regulatory site, Y143, both in vivo and in vitro. It inhibits TonEBP/OREBP by both reducing TonEBP/OREBP nuclear localization, which is Y143 dependent, and by lowering high NaCl-induced TonEBP/OREBP transactivating activity. SHP-1 coimmunoprecipitates with TonEBP/OREBP and vice versa, suggesting that they are physically associated in the cell. High NaCl inhibits the effect of SHP-1 on TonEBP/OREBP by increasing phosphorylation of SHP-1 on Ser591, which reduces its phosphatase activity and localization to the nucleus. Thus, TonEBP/OREBP is extensively regulated by phosphatases, including SHP-1, whose inhibition by high NaCl increases phosphorylation of TonEBP/OREBP at Y143, contributing to the nuclear localization and activation of TonEBP/OREBP.