Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Airborne vision system for the detection of moving objects

This paper describes a vision-based technique for the detection of moving objects by a moving airborne vehicle. The technique, which is based on measurement of optic flow, computes the egomotion of the aircraft based on the pattern of optic flow in a panoramic image, then determines the component of this optic flow pattern that is generated by the aircraft's translation, and finally detects the moving object by determining whether the direction of the flow generated by the object is different from that expected for translation in a stationary environment. The performance of the technique is evaluated in field tests using an aerial rotorcraft.
Algorithm of Classifying Classes of Social Networks

Social Networks have become embedded in our daily life so much that we no longer realize it. But researches on the structures of networks are correspondingly fewer than their statistical properties, however, the studies of structural features are necessary and significant. Here we present an approach to study the structures of social networks based on Role-to-role Connectivity Profiles (RCP). We conduct experiments in some classical social networks, we find that the social networks with different functions exhibit obvious different profiles. Different from the classification of complex networks, social networks are divided into two distinct classes with strict judgement basis rather than vague judgement. In addition, according to the RCP, we can find important nodes in social networks, which is more significant than those with high degree. Through the use of the algorithm in social networks, we can thoroughly understand a social network by the comprehensive network classifications rather than only relying on community detection and other global properties.
Nucleophosmin Mutations Induce Chemosensitivity in THP-1 Leukemia Cells by Suppressing NF-κB Activity and Regulating Bax/Bcl-2 Expression

Nucleophosmin (NPM1) - a gene that encodes for a nuclear protein with multiple functions. Mutations in NPM1 are seen in approximately one-third of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are generally associated with good response to induction chemotherapy. However, the mechanisms underlying this chemosensitivity are still unknown. Recent studies have established that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation is a key response of leukemia cell to chemotherapy. In this study, we transfected human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells with the vector expressing NPM1 mutation variant (NPM1mA), and confirmed overexpression of NPM1mA at mRNA and protein levels by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The effects of NPM1 mutations on chemotherapeutical agents induced apoptosis, NF-κB activity and gene expression were examined using flow cytometry, luciferase reporter assays, quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. We found that overexpression of NPM1mA in THP-1 cells sensitized these cells to apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutical agents such as daunorubicin (DNR) and cytarabine (Ara-C). Moreover, we demonstrated that expression of NPM1 mA reduced the NF-κB transcription activity of THP-1 cells upon drug treatment. In addition, restoration of NF-κB activity via TNF-α stimulation could attenuate the effect of NPM1mA overexpression on DNR-and Ara-C-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, expression of NPM1mA could upregulate Bax and downregulate Bcl-2 at mRNA and protein levels in THP-1 cells when treated with DNR or Ara-C. We also demonstrated that restoration of NF-κB activity via TNF-α pre-treatment reversed the effect of NPM1mA on the Bax/Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, evaluation of gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset revealed that NPM1-mutated patients showed a higher expression of Bax and a lower expression of Bcl-2. These results suggest that the NPM1 gene mutations could confer increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, at least in part, by suppressing NF-κB activity and regulating Bax/Bcl-2 expression.
The effect of various concentrations of nitrous oxide on the 24-hour explanted chick embryo.

SUMMARY The effects of nitrous oxide on the early explanted chick embryo were investigated using the technique of New (1955). After 22 hours incubation the embryos were explanted and exposed for a further 24 hours to the following gases: air, nitrous oxide (25 per cent), nitrous oxide (60 per cent), nitrous oxide (79 per cent). The oxygen concentration was maintained at normal levels (20.9 per cent) and the balance of the gases was nitrogen. In a fifth trial a 60 per cent nitrous oxide 40 per cent oxygen mixture was used. After exposure the embryos were examined under the dissecting microscope and in histological sections. These revealed no effect on the chick embryo after treatment with nitrous oxide for 24 hours.
Head Gesture Recognition Based on LK Algorithm and GentleBoost

Different head movements can help us not only understand accurately whether the speaker in question is in favor of or against the current topic but also recognize human expressions better, i.e. distinguishing similar expressions such as smile and scorn. Since the movements of the feature point -nostrils on the face and the movements of the head are almost the same, tracing the feature point with Lucas-Kanade(LK) algorithm we can find out the pattern of the head movements. We can train GentleBoost classifiers use the difference of coordinates of nostril in an image or a frame to identify the movement of the head, include nodding, shaking, bowing and turning aside. A number of tests have been conducted and the results have proved the accuracy, reliability and efficiency of the method of discussed in the paper.
Electrostatic interactions in the channel cavity as an important determinant of potassium channel selectivity

Potassium channels are membrane proteins that allow the passage of potassium ions at near diffusion rates while severely limiting the flux of the slightly smaller sodium ions. Although studies thus far have focused on the narrowest part of the channel, known as the selectivity filter, channels are long pores with multiple ions that traverse the selectivity filter, the water-filled central cavity, and the rest of the pore formed by cytoplasmic domains. Here, we present experimental analyses on Kir3.2 (GIRK2), a G protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channel, showing that a negative charge introduced at a pore-facing position in the cavity (N184) below the selectivity filter restores both K+ selectivity and inward rectification properties to the nonselective S177W mutant channel. Molecular modeling demonstrates that the negative residue has no effect on the geometry of the selectivity filter, suggesting that it has a local effect on the cavity ion. Moreover, restoration of selectivity does not depend on the exact location of the charge in the central cavity as long as this residue faces the pore, where it is in close contact with permeant ions. Our results indicate that interactions between permeant ions and the channel cavity can influence ion selectivity and channel block by means of an electrostatic effect.
Paraphrasing of Swedish Compound Nouns

The goal for this project is to examine and evaluate the effect of paraphrasing noun-noun compounds, with the aim of improving machine translation. The paraphrases will elicit the underlying relationship that holds between the compounding nouns, with the use of prepositional and verb phrases. Though some types of noun-noun compounds are too lexicalized, or have some other qualities that make them unsuitable for paraphrasing, a set of roughly two hundred noun-noun compounds are identified, split and paraphrased to be used in experiments on statistical machine translation. The results are inconclusive, with no evidence of the use of, or damage of, paraphrasing Swedish compound nouns in relation to machine translation.
Blood Pressure Control in Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Despite widespread dissemination of target values, achieving a blood pressure of <130/80 mmHg is challenging for many individuals with diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to examine temporal trends in blood pressure control in hypertensive individuals with diabetes as well as the potential for race, sex, and geographic disparities. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed baseline data from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a national, population-based, longitudinal cohort study of 30,228 adults (58% European American and 42% African American), examining the causes of excess stroke mortality in the southeastern U.S. We calculated mean blood pressure and blood pressure control rates (proportion with blood pressure <130/80 mmHg) for 5,217 hypertensive diabetic participants by year of enrollment (2003–2007) using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Only 43 and 30% of European American and African American diabetic hypertensive participants, respectively, demonstrated a target blood pressure of <130/80 mmHg (P < 0.001). However, a temporal trend of improved control was evident; the odds of having a blood pressure <130/80 mmHg among diabetic hypertensive participants of both races enrolled in 2007 (as compared with those enrolled in 2003) were ∼50% greater (P < 0.001) in multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest temporal improvements in blood pressure control in diabetes that may reflect broad dissemination of tighter blood pressure control targets and improving medication access. However, control rates remain low, and significant racial disparities persist among African Americans that may contribute to an increased risk for premature cardiovascular disease.
Lactic acid bacteria as a cell factory for riboflavin production

Consumers are increasingly becoming aware of their health and nutritional requirements, and in this context, vitamins produced in situ by microbes may suit their needs and expectations. B groups vitamins are essential components of cellular metabolism and among them riboflavin is one of the vital vitamins required by bacteria, plants, animals and humans. Here, we focus on the importance of microbial production of riboflavin over chemical synthesis. In addition, genetic abilities for riboflavin biosynthesis by lactic acid bacteria are discussed. Genetically modified strains by employing genetic engineering and chemical analogues have been developed to enhance riboflavin production. The present review attempts to collect the currently available information on riboflavin production by microbes in general, while placing greater emphasis on food grade lactic acid bacteria and human gut commensals. For designing riboflavin‐enriched functional foods, proper selection and exploitation of riboflavin‐producing lactic acid bacteria is essential. Moreover, eliminating the in situ vitamin fortification step will decrease the cost of food production.
A common library interface to shared-memory multiprocessors

In writing a highly-portable parallel program, we developed a library of parallel primitives to shield our application code from the various multiprocessors. Rather than adapt the different multiprocessors to a program-specific library via extensive implementation, we chose to first find a common 'intersection' of the virtual machine models provided by each vendor, define a common interface to that model, and then develop our application based on that model. This paper describes the resulting common virtual machine model and a library interface to that model. We have implementations for that model on seven different shared-memory multiprocessors, and two different uniprocessors. Each implementation averages less than 100 lines of code. The common virtual machine model requires more programming effort than any one vendor's library, but the resulting program executes reasonably efficiently on all machines. <<ETX>>
A Hexahedral Multigrid Approach for Simulating Cuts in Deformable Objects

We present a hexahedral finite element method for simulating cuts in deformable bodies using the corotational formulation of strain at high computational efficiency. Key to our approach is a novel embedding of adaptive element refinements and topological changes of the simulation grid into a geometric multigrid solver. Starting with a coarse hexahedral simulation grid, this grid is adaptively refined at the surface of a cutting tool until a finest resolution level, and the cut is modeled by separating elements along the cell faces at this level. To represent the induced discontinuities on successive multigrid levels, the affected coarse grid cells are duplicated and the resulting connectivity components are distributed to either side of the cut. Drawing upon recent work on octree and multigrid schemes for the numerical solution of partial differential equations, we develop efficient algorithms for updating the systems of equations of the adaptive finite element discretization and the multigrid hierarchy. To construct a surface that accurately aligns with the cuts, we adapt the splitting cubes algorithm to the specific linked voxel representation of the simulation domain we use. The paper is completed by a convergence analysis of the finite element solver and a performance comparison to alternative numerical solution methods. These investigations show that our approach offers high computational efficiency and physical accuracy, and that it enables cutting of deformable bodies at very high resolutions.
Coping Strategies of Different Levels in Aikido Practitioners

The purpose of this study was to assess the flow state of aikido practitioners. Seventy-six Czech male and female aikido practitioners (age 32.5±9.2 years (mean±SD), range 18-56 years) participated in this study. The subjects were divided according to a ranking system into three groups: Beginners (up to third kyu, ref. as (1)), Intermediate (second and first kyu, ref. as (2)) and Advanced (dan holders, ref. as (3)). COPE Scale by Carver, Scheier, and Weintraub [1989] was used. It contains sixty questions at the scale 1-4 divided to 16 dimensions according to coping strategies. Czech version of the diagnostic instrument was translated using the Ten steps translation protocol. For basic interpretation descriptive statistics was used, then ANOVA and Scheffes post hoc test was used to show where significant differences at the level of p=0.5 can be found. There is no significant difference between aikido levels In the most of dimensions. Significant difference (at p=0.5) were find only in using of emotional social support in the way, that advanced practitioners do not use it as much as beginners, and in focus on and venting emotions as advanced and intermediate aikidokas do not show their emotions.
Graduate Students of Color: A Storied Path to the Professoriate

This article shares the knowledge we gained from the stories of graduate students of color as they discussed their career choices. It provides an emerging understanding of how a graduate student’s background and cultural values influence his or her decision to pursue a faculty career. Introduction The lack of an ethnically diverse faculty limits opportunities for students of diverse backgrounds to have faculty role models and mentors who may share similar cultural experiences (Singh & Cooper, 2006). According to the most recent data by National Center for Education Statistics (2009), only 7% of full time faculty are African American, 4% are Hispanic, 6% are Asian/Pacific Islander, and 1% are American Indian/Alaska Native. Doctoral degree attainment does not necessarily explain this paucity of faculty of color. The Survey of Earned Doctorates indicates a 45% increase of earned doctorates by minority students between 1996 and 2006 (Denecke, Frasier, & Redd, 2009). Some scholars (Tuitt, Martinez, & Salazar, 2009) suggest that the pipeline in and of itself is not the problem. Instead, research points to a variety of elements that present obstacles for students of color, including campus climate, curricular issues, and lack of support. Doctoral students, as suggested by Antony and Taylor (2001) feel a need to prove their academic ability and to counteract the racially stereotyped research through their own work. The authors suggest education that counteracts stereotype threat including challenging expectations, affirmation of belonging to the intellectual community, and an emphasis on multiple perspectives. Recent research by Haley, Jaeger, and Levin (2010) suggests that students’ social cultural identity is a critical factor in why students of color avoid careers in the academy. We build on that work by focusing on the unique voices of graduate students of color. Experiences are reclaimed through a process of reflection in the form of storytelling. The act of remembering past experiences in which difficulties were faced and successfully negotiated assists the storyteller in exploring, deconstructing, and reintegrating memories into a more meaningful and cohesive personal identity narrative (Cozolina, 2008; Pellico & Chinn, 2007). This act of storytelling provides a lens for viewing an experience in a new, renewing, instructive, or even transformational way (Rossiter, 1999; Pfahl & Wiessner, 2007). “Narrative delves beneath the outward show of behavior to explore thoughts, feelings and intentions” (Webster & Mertova, 2007, p. 16). The stories of those who have been treated unfairly are critical to explaining inequality (Delgado, 1995; Delgado & Stefancic, 2001). It is this process of selecting, reflecting, ordering and making sense of our stories that make for a meaning-making experience (Seidman, 2006). NOTE: Most of the current literature uses the term minority student or underrepresented minorities in their work to represent populations that have traditionally been underrepresented in higher education. Another term, students of color, that is used interchangeably with minority
Current Trends in Reality Mining

We live in a technology driven society where, each one of us continuously leaves digital traces behind. Our mobile phones, for example, continuously sense our movements and interactions. This sociogeographic data could be continuously captured by millions of people around the world and promises to reveal important behavioral clues about humans. Mining patterns of human behavior from large-scale mobile phone data has deep potential impact on society. Reality Mining, pioneered by Nathan Eagle and Alex Pentland, (Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)) is defined as the study of human social behavior based on wireless mobile phone sensed data. Reality mining is based on data collected by sensors in mobile phones, cars, security cameras, RFID ('smart card') readers, and others, all allow for the measurement of human physical and social activity. Applications of reality mining are in diverse fields like epidemiology, psychology, urban planning, security, marketing and even analysis of poverty. This paper attempts to overview and analyzes the current trends in reality mining. It also presents the current challenges in this field.
Crowdsourcing: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research

As academic and practitioner studies on crowdsourcing have been building up since 2006, the subject itself has progressively gained in importance within the broad field of management. No systematic review on the topic has so far appeared in management journals, however; moreover, the field suffers from ambiguity in the topic's definition, which in turn has led to its largely unstructured evolution. The authors therefore investigate the existing body of knowledge on crowdsourcing systematically through a penetrating review in which the strengths and weakness of this literature stream are presented clearly and then future avenues of research are set out. The review is based on 121 scientific articles published between January 2006 and January 2015. The review recognizes that crowdsourcing is ingrained in two mainstream disciplines within the broader subject matter of innovation and management: (1) open innovation; and (2) co-creation. The review, in addition, also touches on several issues covered in other theoretical streams: (3) information systems management; (4) organizational theory and design; (5) marketing; and (6) strategy. The authors adopt a process perspective, applying the ‘Input–Process–Output’ framework to interpret research on crowdsourcing within the broad lines of: (1) Input (Problem/Task); (2) Process (session management; problem management; knowledge management; technology); and (3) Outcome (solution/completed task; seekers’ benefits; solvers’ benefits). This framework provides a detailed description of how the topic has evolved over time, and suggestions concerning the future direction of research are proposed in the form of research questions that are valuable for both academics and managers.
Disrupting Disease Phenotype in Dementia with Lewy Bodies with Neural Stem Cell Transplantation

Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders sharing the common feature of misfolding and accumulation of the presynaptic protein α-synuclein into insoluble aggregates. Within this diverse group, Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is characterized by the aberrant accumulation of α-synuclein in cortical, hippocampal, and brainstem neurons, resulting in multiple cellular stressors that particularly impair dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission and related motor and cognitive function. The wide array of cellular stress and symptoms related to over-abundance of α-synuclein makes DLB and other synucleinopathies challenging to treat. Many currently approved therapies fall short, suggesting that effective approaches will require the targeting of multiple mechanisms in order to treat motor, cognitive and other non-motor aspects of these diseases.The goal of this dissertation is to determine the contributions of neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation to targeting multiple mechanisms related to α-synuclein over-expression in transgenic models of DLB. NSCs are an ideal candidate for transplantation due to their ability to migrate throughout a region of injury, and produce high levels of neurotrophins or growth factors critical to the survival and plasticity of neurons within the brain.I have determined that mouse allogenic transplantation of NSCs lead to dramatic and sustained behavioral improvement in transgenic models of DLB. Critically, this improvement is dependent on NSC production of the neurotrophic factor, BDNF, which regulates downstream dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitter systems. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis verified the involvement of multiple key networks at the transcriptome level, including neurotrophins, dopamine, glutamate and immune-modulating networks. In order to further investigate the therapeutic potential of this approach, I examined the contributions of human NSC (hNSC) xenotransplantation to improving these multiple mechanisms. I demonstrated that clinical-grade hNSCs also rescue motor and cognitive behavioral deficits in an immune-deficient DLB model, and that this improvement is sustained over time. Moreover, transplantation of hNSCs restored dopamine and glutamate systems through a non-BDNF dependent mechanism. Finally, in contrast to mouse NSCs, hNSCs likely achieve these behavioral and neurochemical benefits by altering α-synuclein conformers.