Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The RWTH Aachen University English-German and German-English Machine Translation System for WMT 2017

This paper describes the statistical machine translation system developed at RWTH Aachen University for the English → German and German → English translation tasks of the EMNLP 2017 Second Conference on Machine Translation (WMT 2017). We use ensembles of attention-based neural machine translation system for both directions. We use the provided parallel and synthetic data to train the models. In addition, we also create a phrasal system using joint translation and reordering models in decoding and neural models in rescoring.
How Are Adherent People More Likely to Think? A Meta-Analysis of Health Beliefs and Diabetes Self-Care

Purpose Diabetes is increasingly prevalent, and nonadherence with diabetes treatment regimens is associated with physical and social costs. Psychological predictors of adherence have been investigated in the literature, including cognitive factors. The present meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between beliefs related to diabetes and adherence to diabetes regimens. Methods Studies that measured both (a) beliefs, perceptions, or cognitions about diabetes and (b) the relationship between such cognitive factors and blood glucose levels or other adherence behaviors were included. This research focused on adults with any type of diabetes, reaching a final sample of 48 studies. The effect size r was calculated for all types of beliefs and outcomes. Results The types of beliefs most strongly associated with adherence were self-efficacy, perceiving a positive relationship with physician, and beliefs about the personal consequences of adherence. A few limitations of this meta-analysis are that studies were only retrieved through databases and other sources were not searched, only articles in English were included, and only adult participants were included. Conclusions People who are more adherent have a higher level of confidence in their ability to follow medical recommendations, expect more meaningful positive consequences for adherence, and perceive a more positive relationship with their health care provider. Educators and clinicians could use cognitive restructuring techniques to facilitate these types of beliefs and perceptions in people with diabetes.
Efficient shuffle management with SCache for DAG computing frameworks

In large-scale data-parallel analytics, shuffle, or the cross-network read and aggregation of partitioned data between tasks with data dependencies, usually brings in large overhead. To reduce shuffle overhead, we present SCache, an open source plug-in system that particularly focuses on shuffle optimization. By extracting and analyzing shuffle dependencies prior to the actual task execution, SCache can adopt heuristic pre-scheduling combining with shuffle size prediction to pre-fetch shuffle data and balance load on each node. Meanwhile, SCache takes full advantage of the system memory to accelerate the shuffle process. We have implemented SCache and customized Spark to use it as the external shuffle service and co-scheduler. The performance of SCache is evaluated with both simulations and testbed experiments on a 50-node Amazon EC2 cluster. Those evaluations have demonstrated that, by incorporating SCache, the shuffle overhead of Spark can be reduced by nearly 89%, and the overall completion time of TPC-DS queries improves 40% on average.
Inducible CRISPR genome editing platform in naive human embryonic stem cells reveals JARID2 function in self-renewal

ABSTRACT To easily edit the genome of naïve human embryonic stem cells (hESC), we introduced a dual cassette encoding an inducible Cas9 into the AAVS1 site of naïve hESC (iCas9). The iCas9 line retained karyotypic stability, expression of pluripotency markers, differentiation potential, and stability in 5iLA and EPS pluripotency conditions. The iCas9 line induced efficient homology–directed repair (HDR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) based mutations through CRISPR-Cas9 system. We utilized the iCas9 line to study the epigenetic regulator, PRC2 in early human pluripotency. The PRC2 requirement distinguishes between early pluripotency stages, however, what regulates PRC2 activity in these stages is not understood. We show reduced H3K27me3 and pluripotency markers in JARID2 2iL-I-F hESC mutants, indicating JARID2 requirement in maintenance of hESC 2iL-I-F state. These data suggest that JARID2 regulates PRC2 in 2iL-I-F state and the lack of PRC2 function in 5iLA state may be due to lack of sufficient JARID2 protein.
Development of Cross-Orientation Suppression and Size Tuning and the Role of Experience

Many sensory neural circuits exhibit response normalization, which occurs when the response of a neuron to a combination of multiple stimuli is less than the sum of the responses to the individual stimuli presented alone. In the visual cortex, normalization takes the forms of cross-orientation suppression and surround suppression. At the onset of visual experience, visual circuits are partially developed and exhibit some mature features such as orientation selectivity, but it is unknown whether cross-orientation suppression is present at the onset of visual experience or requires visual experience for its emergence. We characterized the development of normalization and its dependence on visual experience in female ferrets. Visual experience was varied across the following three conditions: typical rearing, dark rearing, and dark rearing with daily exposure to simple sinusoidal gratings (14–16 h total). Cross-orientation suppression and surround suppression were noted in the earliest observations, and did not vary considerably with experience. We also observed evidence of continued maturation of receptive field properties in the second month of visual experience: substantial length summation was observed only in the oldest animals (postnatal day 90); evoked firing rates were greatly increased in older animals; and direction selectivity required experience, but declined slightly in older animals. These results constrain the space of possible circuit implementations of these features. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The development of the brain depends on both nature—factors that are independent of the experience of an individual animal—and nurture—factors that depend on experience. While orientation selectivity, one of the major response properties of neurons in visual cortex, is already present at the onset of visual experience, it is unknown whether response properties that depend on interactions among multiple stimuli develop without experience. We find that the properties of cross-orientation suppression and surround suppression are present at eye opening, and do not depend on visual experience. Our results are consistent with the idea that a majority of the basic properties of sensory neurons in primary visual cortex are derived independent of the experience of an individual animal.
Fog computing based radio access network in 5G wireless communications

The requirement of 5G also known as fifth generation wireless is for the purpose of facing the huge levels of growth in the data traffic of mobiles and simultaneously reducing consumption of power. A heterogeneous network that has technologies with multiple access along with base stations that are large in number with the aim to increase the capacity and the coverage of the network. Management of spectrum, allocation of bandwidth, channel state information, routing of data, assignment of power transmission as well as management of energy are the basic operations of the network. Designs of allocation with cross-layer resources are utilized to improve the operations of the network. C-RAN or Cloud radio access network is a unit that is centralized and baseband unit or BBU which pools conflicts with signal processing of a large scale and edge catching. To avoid this issue, a cross-layer design based on F-RAN architecture is made use of. This provides communication in a peer to peer style between the end user and the data center. This technique also addresses issues in implementation with higher quality and better services for the users of mobile. The approach of Cross-layer design along with F-RAN has been tested with an NS2 simulator and was found that its performance was better than that of the AODV protocol.
Recent Developments in the Research of Splat Formation Process in Thermal Spraying

Thermal spraying is a well-established surface modification technology which has been widely used in industrial applications. As the coating properties were mainly determined by the flattening nature of each splat, much attention has been increasingly paid to the study on the splat formation process of thermal sprayed particles. This paper is concerned with the development in the research of the splat formation process of the individual splat deposited by thermal spraying during the past few decades, including the experimental and numerical simulations up to today; some classical splashing models were also reviewed. As a simulation of the actual thermal spray process, the development of the flattening behavior of free falling droplet has been mentioned as well. On the basis of the current investigation, some recommendations for the future work have been advised.
Low-Dimensional Motor Control Representations in Throwing Motions

In this study, we identified a low-dimensional representation of control mechanisms in throwing motions from a variety of subjects and target distances. The control representation was identified at the kinematic level in task and joint spaces, respectively, and at the muscle activation level using the theory of muscle synergies. Representative features of throwing motions in all of these spaces were chosen to be investigated. Features were extracted using factorization and clustering techniques from the muscle data of unexperienced subjects (with different morphologies and physical conditions) during a series of throwing tasks. Two synergy extraction methods were tested to assess their consistency. For the task features, the degrees of freedom (DoF), and the muscles under study, the results can be summarized as (1) a control representation across subjects consisting of only two synergies at the activation level and of representative features in the task and joint spaces, (2) a reduction of control redundancy (since the number of synergies are less than the number of actions to be controlled), (3) links between the synergies triggering intensity and the throwing distance, and finally (4) consistency of the extraction methods. Such results are useful to better represent mechanisms hidden behind such dynamical motions and could offer a promising control representation for synthesizing motions with muscle-driven characters.
Performance and serum biochemical profile of Japanese quail supplemented with silymarin and contaminated with aflatoxin B1

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of silymarin in diets contaminated or not with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the productive performance and serum biochemical profile of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in the laying phase. A total of 240 12‐week‐old Japanese quail was used in a completely randomized design in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme (additives x contaminated or not with AFB1 ‐ 1,500 &mgr;g/kg), totaling 6 treatments and 5 replicates of 8 birds each. The additives used were silymarin (500 g/ton), adsorbent (1 kg/ton), and a control diet (without additive). Of the total aflatoxin content, 84.64% was AFB1; 4.28% was AFB2; 11.07% was AFG1; and AFG2 was not detected. The data were submitted to ANOVA, and means were compared by Tukey's test. There was no interaction (P > 0.05) between the additive and AFB1 on performance parameters. However, the inclusion of AF in diets reduced (P < 0.05) egg weight and feed intake, impairing feed conversion compared to the unchallenged groups. There was an increase (P < 0.05) in blood concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT), and creatine kinase (CK) in birds challenged with AFB1, regardless of the additive used, characterizing a possible alteration in hepatic metabolism. Serum total protein and globulin levels were reduced (P < 0.05) in birds challenged with toxins. The consumption of diets contaminated with 1,500 &mgr;g AFB1/kg altered hepatic function in quail, impairing productive performance and egg weight. The concentrations of silymarin and adsorbent evaluated in this study were not able to mitigate the negative effect of toxins on the metabolism and performance of laying quail.
The Effect of Door Opening on Positive Pressure and Airflow in Operating Rooms

Introduction: Door openings and increased foot traffic in operating rooms (ORs) during total joint arthroplasty are thought to increase the risk of surgical site infection. Methods: Digital manometers were used to collect pressure data during off-hours at the thresholds of both the outer door (ie, the door to the common OR hallway) and the inner substerile door, which opens to the substerile hallway, of six empty ORs used for total joint arthroplasty. Airflow patterns were visualized with smoke studies to determine whether outside air entered the ORs during single or multiple door openings. Data were analyzed using the Student t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results: Positive pressure was not defeated during any door-opening event. The average time for recovery of the initial pressurization in the OR regardless of the door used was between 14 and 15 seconds (P = 0.462). No differences in the degree of room depressurization were noted between entry of personnel through the outer door, passing of a surgical tray through the outer door, and entry of personnel through the inner door (P = 0.312). Smoke studies confirmed that no contaminated outside air entered the OR with single door opening. Outside air entered the OR if two doors were open simultaneously. Conclusion: Single door opening does not defeat OR positive pressure, but simultaneous opening of two doors allows contaminated air to flow into the OR. OR traffic should continue to be limited during surgical procedures. OR personnel should be educated about the danger to the sterile field that can result from simultaneous door openings and should be discouraged from such activity.
Fault-tolerant conversion between adjacent Reed–Muller quantum codes based on gauge fixing

We design forward and backward fault-tolerant conversion circuits, which convert between the Steane code and the 15-qubit Reed–Muller quantum code so as to provide a universal transversal gate set. In our method, only seven out of a total 14 code stabilizers need to be measured, and we further enhance the circuit by simplifying some stabilizers; thus, we need only to measure eight weight-4 stabilizers for one round of forward conversion and seven weight-4 stabilizers for one round of backward conversion. For conversion, we treat random single-qubit errors and their influence on syndromes of gauge operators, and our novel single-step process enables more efficient fault-tolerant conversion between these two codes. We make our method quite general by showing how to convert between any two adjacent Reed–Muller quantum codes RM¯(1,m) and RM¯(1,m+1), for which we need only measure stabilizers whose number scales linearly with m rather than exponentially with m obtained in previous work. We provide the explicit mathematical expression for the necessary stabilizers and the concomitant resources required.
Association of HIV diagnosis rates and laws criminalizing HIV exposure in the United States

Objective: To assess whether state criminal exposure laws are associated with HIV and stage 3 (AIDS) diagnosis rates in the United States. Design: We assessed the relationship between HIV and stage 3 (AIDS) diagnosis data from the National HIV Surveillance System and the presence of a state criminal exposure law as identified through WestlawNext by using generalized estimating equations. Methods: We limited analysis to persons aged at least 13 years with diagnosed HIV infection or AIDS reported to the National HIV Surveillance System of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The primary outcome measures were rates of diagnosis of HIV (2001–2010 in 33 states) and AIDS (1994–2010 in 50 states) per 100 000 individuals per year. In addition to criminal exposure laws, state-level factors evaluated for inclusion in models included income, unemployment, poverty, education, urbanicity, and race/ethnicity. Results: At the end of the study period, 30 states had laws criminalizing HIV exposure. In bivariate models (P < 0.05), unemployment, poverty, education, urbanicity, and race/ethnicity were associated with HIV and AIDS diagnoses. In final models, proportion of adults with less than a high school education and percentage of the population living in urban areas were significantly associated with HIV and AIDS diagnoses over time; criminal exposure laws were not associated with diagnosis rates. Conclusion: We found no association between HIV or AIDS diagnosis rates and criminal exposure laws across states over time, suggesting that these laws have had no detectable HIV prevention effect.
Response of molecular solids to ultra-intense femtosecond soft x-ray pulses

Ultra-fast soft x-ray lasers have opened a new area of laser-matter interactions which in most cases differ from the well understood interaction of UV-vis radiation with solid targets. The photon energy >30eV essentially exceeds the width of band gap in any known material and excites the electrons from the deep atomic and valence levels directly to the conduction band. Both thermal and non-thermal phenomena can occur in such a material being caused by electron thermalization and bond breaking, respectively. We report the first observation of non-thermal single-shot soft x-ray laser induced desorption occurring below the ablation threshold in a thin layer of poly (methyl methacrylate) - PMMA. Irradiated by the focused beam from the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH) at 21.7nm, the samples have been investigated by an atomic-force microscope (AFM) enabling the visualization of mild surface modifications caused by the desorption. A model describing non-thermal desorption and ablation has been developed and used to analyze singleshot imprints in PMMA. An intermediate regime of materials removal has been found, confirming the model predictions. We also report below-threshold multiple-shot desorption of PMMA induced by high-order harmonics (HOH) at 32nm as a proof of an efficient material removal in the desorption regime.
Inhibition Enhances Anti-VEGF Therapy Vivo In Carbonic Anhydrase IX Promotes Tumor Growth and Necrosis

Purpose: Bevacizumab, an anti-VEGFA antibody, inhibits the developing vasculature of tumors, but resistance is common. Antiangiogenic therapy induces hypoxia and we observed increased expression of hypoxia-regulated genes, including carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), in response to bevacizumab treatment in xenografts. CAIX expression correlates with poor prognosis inmost tumor types andwith worse outcome in bevacizumab-treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, malignant astrocytoma, and recurrent
Physical Exercise Moderates the Relationship of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Genotype and Dementia Risk: A Population-Based Study.

Genetics and lifestyle independently determine dementia risk, but the interaction is unclear. We assessed the interactive relationship of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and physical exercise on dementia risk over a 5-year period in 1,646 older adults from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging who were dementia-free at baseline. Physical exercise moderated the relationship between genotype and dementia (p < 0.01). Specifically, for APOE ɛ4 non-carriers, the odds of developing dementia were higher in non-exercisers than exercisers (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.44, 2.71, p < 0.001), whereas, for APOE ɛ4 carriers, the odds of developing dementia were not significantly different between non-exercisers and exercisers (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.46, 1.31, p = 0.34). Given that most individuals are not at genetic risk, physical exercise may be an effective strategy for preventing dementia.
Security Analysis for Hilbert Curve Based Spatial Data Privacy-Preserving Method

As cloud computing services and location-aware devices are fully developed, a large amount of data related to location needs to be outsourced to the service provider, so the research about privacy protection for spatial data gets increasing attention from academia and industry. Although Hilbert curve is widely used in privacy protection for spatial data, the security analysis of standard Hilbert curve (SHC) is seldom proceeded. In this paper, we carefully analyze the characteristics of the points of interest (POI) indexes built by SHC, and visualized the indexes to study the effect of the null value segments. We formally define the null value index to measure the privacy disclosure risk of the space-filling curves (e.g. SHC). An index modification method (SHC*) for SHC is proposed, which can partially violate the distance-preserving property of SHC, so as to obtain better security. The attack model is also defined, in the experiments, the estimated datasets are visualized for explicitly studying, and the estimation distortion shows that SHC* is more secure than SHC.
PI controller design of a dc-dc Zeta converter for specific phase margin and cross-over frequency

Dc-dc Zeta converter is a buck-boost type of converter, which yields dc output voltage with same polarity that of the input voltage. It is widely used in various domestic and industrial applications. For good voltage regulation, fast dynamic response, and stable operation of this converter, a feedback control design is necessary. Therefore, in this paper, the duty cycle to output voltage small-signal transfer function of dc-dc Zeta converter is obtained using state-space technique and Leverrier algorithm. Then this transfer function is used for designing a PI controller using stability equations to meet specific phase margin and desired cross-over frequency. The simulation results display that compensated Zeta converter exhibits good dynamic and steady-state behavior in presence of line and load variations.
Joint Distribution Network and Renewable Energy Expansion Planning Considering Demand Response and Energy Storage—Part I: Stochastic Programming Model

The first part of this two-paper series describes the incorporation of demand response (DR) and energy storage systems (ESSs) in the joint distribution and generation expansion planning for isolated systems. The role of DR and ESS has recently attracted an increasing interest in power systems. However, previous models have not been completely adapted in order to treat DR and ESS on an equal footing. The model presented includes DR and ESS in the planning of insular distribution systems. Hence, this paper presents a novel model to decide the joint expansion planning of distributed generation and the distribution network considering the impact of ESS and price-dependent DR programs. The problem is formulated as a stochastic-programming-based model driven by the maximization of the net social benefit. The associated deterministic equivalent is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program suitable for commercially available software. The outcomes of the model are the location and size of new generation and storage units and the distribution assets to be installed, reinforced or replaced. In the second companion paper, an insular case study (La Graciosa, Canary Islands, Spain) is provided illustrating the effects of DR and ESS on social welfare.