Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution and Development

Throughout the past, human beings have been concerned with how to acquire tools that might increase their potentialities, not only regarding the physical or intellectual aspect but also the metaphysical one. At the physical aspect, the use of wheels, levers, or cams, among others, finally reached the point of elaborating hominids and automats that in their most sophisticated creations consisted of animated statues that generally reproduced daily movements. Heron of Alexandria constructed some artificial actors which represented the Trojan War, where the idea of automats reached a high level of development as it was established that: (a) the mechanisms would act depending on the internal structure; (b) the action comes from an accurate organisation of motor forces, both natural and artificial; (c) the mobile ones are the most improved, since they are able to move completely. Ultimately, they are only the expression of the unavoidable human wish to increase their possibilities in all the aspects of their lives. In this line, some of the most remarkable creations include " The Dove " by Archytas de Tarente, Archimedes' " Syracuse Defensive Mechanisms " (developed to face the Roman fleet), " The Mechanical Lion " by Leonardo Da Vinci, the clock creations of the Droz brothers at the Cathedrals of Prague and Munich, and " The Transverse Flute Player " by Vaucanson. " The Madzel Chess Automaton " by Hungary's Von Kempelen was able to play chess with the best players of its time and impressed Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. Edgar Allan Poe built a logical test trying to prove that this automaton was not authentic, but failed as he considered that the machine was not able to change its strategy as the game went on (Elgozy, 1985; Poe, 1894). At the metaphysical aspect, the creations along time also have been numerous. The main concern in this case was " ex nihilo, " the idea of a motionless-based creation of beings similar to humans that might act as substitutes to humans during the performance of the most tedious, dangerous, or unpleasant tasks. The Hephaistos (God of the Forge) androids were the first known reference to creation of artificial intelligence.
O-GlcNAc reports ambient temperature and confers heat resistance on ectotherm development

Significance Unlike in birds and mammals, cells in most other organisms live at temperatures that correspond closely to those of the environment. Change in ambient temperature is a tremendous challenge for these cells. How ectothermic cells can adjust to the complex effects of temperature change is not understood in detail. Here we demonstrate that ambient temperature correlates with the level of a particular posttranslational modification of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins in cells of different ectotherms (fruit fly, roundworm, zebrafish). Moreover, high levels of this protein modification (O-GlcNAc) are shown to be important for successful development at high temperatures. Concerted temperature-dependent O-GlcNAcylation of a wide range of cellular proteins might therefore support the myriad adjustments required in response to temperature change. Effects of temperature on biological processes are complex. Diffusion is less affected than the diverse enzymatic reactions that have distinct individual temperature profiles. Hence thermal fluctuations pose a formidable challenge to ectothermic organisms in which body temperature is largely dictated by the ambient temperature. How cells in ectotherms cope with the myriad disruptive effects of temperature variation is poorly understood at the molecular level. Here we show that nucleocytoplasmic posttranslational modification of proteins with O-linked GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) is closely correlated with ambient temperature during development of distantly related ectotherms ranging from the insect Drosophila melanogaster to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to the fish Danio rerio. Regulation seems to occur at the level of activity of the only two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase, that add and remove, respectively, this posttranslational modification in nucleus and cytoplasm. With genetic approaches in D. melanogaster and C. elegans, we demonstrate the importance of high levels of this posttranslational modification for successful development at elevated temperatures. Because many cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins in diverse pathways are O-GlcNAc targets, temperature-dependent regulation of this modification might contribute to an efficient coordinate adjustment of cellular processes in response to thermal change.
SopB promotes phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate formation on Salmonella vacuoles by recruiting Rab5 and Vps34

Salmonella colonizes a vacuolar niche in host cells during infection. Maturation of the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) involves the formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) on its outer leaflet. SopB, a bacterial virulence factor with phosphoinositide phosphatase activity, was proposed to generate PI(3)P by dephosphorylating PI(3,4)P2, PI(3,5)P2, and PI(3,4,5)P3. Here, we examine the mechanism of PI(3)P formation during Salmonella infection. SopB is required to form PI(3,4)P2/PI(3,4,5)P3 at invasion ruffles and PI(3)P on nascent SCVs. However, we uncouple these events experimentally and reveal that SopB does not dephosphorylate PI(3,4)P2/PI(3,4,5)P3 to produce PI(3)P. Instead, the phosphatase activity of SopB is required for Rab5 recruitment to the SCV. Vps34, a PI3-kinase that associates with active Rab5, is responsible for PI(3)P formation on SCVs. Therefore, SopB mediates PI(3)P production on the SCV indirectly through recruitment of Rab5 and its effector Vps34. These findings reveal a link between phosphoinositide phosphatase activity and the recruitment of Rab5 to phagosomes.
Quantitative estimation of barbaloin in Aloe vera and its commercial formulations by using HPTLC.

In Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine the leaf of Ghritkumari (Lat: Aloe vera; Fam: Liliaceae ) has been extensively used as a cathartic agent to treat severe stomach constipation. In order to develop reliable quality control marker for quality evaluation and to check the commercial samples of Aloe vera for authenticity and purity, its detailed chemical and HPTLC analysis has been done. The cathartic priciples viz. Barbaloin was extracted from leaf skin part by using different solvent i.e hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol and was found to present in methanol extract only. Also the, HPTLC studies of Barbaloin compounds revealed that, it is present in the leaf skin but not pr esent even in traces in stem part, leaf gel and root part of the Aloe vera plant. It has been found that Barbaloin is present in a few co mmercial samples which shows that in those samples leaf skin part is used and the samples which lacks barbaloin other part of the Aloe vera plant has been used . It gave reproducible res ults and found linear in the range 1500 - 7500 ng. The method was found to be simple, sensitive, precise, accurate and specific for estimation of barbaloin from Aloe vera and its com- mercial formulations.
Children and Their Development

1. The Science of Child Development. 2. Genetic Bases of Child Development. 3. Prenatal Development, Birth and the Newborn. 4. Growth and Health. 5. Perceptual and Motor Development. 6. Theories of Cognitive Development. 7. Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills. 8. Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition. 9. Language and Communication. 10. Emotional Development. 11. Understanding Self and Others. 12. Moral Understanding and Behavior. 13. Gender and Development. 14. Family Relationships. 15. Influences Beyond the Family.
MIMO-OFDM spatial multiplexing technique implementation for GNU radio

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is a wireless technology allowing a significant increasing of the throughput without the extension of the bandwidth but by means of the use of multiple antennas both in transmission and reception. Currently, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is used in conjuction with MIMO to achieve better performance. With OFDM, instead of a single carrier, the main signal is split in a sub-set of independently modulated signals on orthogonal sub-carriers. In this paper, we provide a description of our MIMONet SDR platform for network-level exploitation of MIMO technology. We present the implementation of our OFDM transceiver, developed following the structure of IEEE 802.11n standard and implementing one of the most powerful MIMO technique: spatial multiplexing. In this technique, two (or more) different data streams are simultaneously transmitted over two (or more) antennas. Starting from the original GNU Radio code, we modified and added blocks to achieve a complete implementation of MIMO-OFDM spatial multiplexing. We added some features, such as the concatenation of Forward Error Correction (FEC) in the packet construction, and the use of pilot sub-carriers for channel estimation. We also developed a new synchronization algorithm derived by extending the Van de Beek algorithm to the MIMO setting. We build the framework of the standard IEEE 802.11n. In particular, we put all the preambles needed for synchronization and channel estimation. We have also designed and implemented a fine grained signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation, bit error rate (BER) and packet error rate (PER) computations, that allow us to evaluate the channel conditions and validate performance of the software implementation.
Dietary phosphorous and protein supplementation enhances seawater growth and reduces severity of vertebral malformation in triploid Atlantic salmon

(2016) Dietary phosphorous and protein supplementation enhances seawater growth and reduces severity of vertebral malformation in triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.),Aquaculture, 451, pp. 357-368. Abstract: Diploid (2N) and triploid (3N) sibling post-smolts were divided between six sea pens and fed: a standard nutrient package diet (2 x 2N SP, 2 x 3N SP), or an iso-energetic nutrient boosted package (2 x 3N BP) until market size. 3N groups initially grew significantly faster than 2N, and by harvest, 3N BP weighed significantly more (3210 ± 87g) than 2N SP or 3N SP (3007± 64g; 2965 ± 88g), while there was no significant difference in weight between ploidy in SP diet. Higher visible vertebral (9.6 ± 0.4%) and jaw deformities (10.6 ± 1.2%) were observed in 3N compared to 2N (0.9 ± 0.1%; 1.3 ± 0.5%). However, x-ray radiography revealed that 3N BP and 2N SP had comparable levels of severely affected individuals to that at time of sea transfer, while 3N SP showed a 3 fold increase in the severity of malformed individuals. The tail region (R3) in 3N SP fish had both the lowest vertebral strength and stiffness and the highest number of deformed vertebrae. Fillet quality attributes were comparable between diet and ploidy. These findings showed that triploid growth rate can be sustained until harvest throughout the seawater phase by using a nutrient boosted diet, and furthermore, the progression of spinal deformity beyond that at sea transfer can be stabilised by increasing dietary P during the marine phase. Please find a research article entitled " Nutrient supplementation enhances seawater growth and reduces severity of vertebral malformation in triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) " for consideration for publication in Aquaculture. The study generates new data on dietary requirements of triploid Atlantic salmon that provides a significant improvement in farmed triploid welfare, allowing exploitation of faster growth rates and highlights the need to develop " triploid specific " aquafeeds rather than the use of conventional diploid diets. We look forward to receiving your feedback. Cover Letter  Triploid Atlantic salmon growth rate can be sustained during marine rearing using nutrient boosted diets  Progression of skeletal malformation development can be prevented during marine rearing of triploid Atlantic salmon by increasing dietary phosphorous  The occurrence of skeletal malformation in triploid Atlantic salmon must be addressed during freshwater rearing in the first instance Highlights (for review) This study demonstrates that triploid …
Apoptosis Resistance of MCF-7 Breast Carcinoma Cells to Ionizing Radiation Is Independent of p53 and Cell Cycle Control but Caused by the Lack of Caspase-3 and a Caffeine-Inhibitable Event

We have shown previously that ionizing radiation (IR) induces a persistent G2-M arrest but not cell death in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells that harbor functional p53 but lack caspase-3. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of apoptosis resistance and the roles of p53, caspase-3, and cell cycle arrest in IR-induced apoptosis. The methylxanthine caffeine and the staurosporine analog UCN-01, which can inhibit ATM and Chk kinases, efficiently abrogated the IR-induced G2-M arrest and induced mitochondrial activation as judged by the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c and Smac/Diablo. However, despite these proapoptotic alterations, cell death and activation of the initiator caspase-9 were not induced in MCF-7 cells but were interestingly only observed after reexpression of caspase-3. Sensitization to IR-induced apoptosis by caffeine or UCN-01 was abrogated neither by cycloheximide nor by pifithrin-α, an inhibitor of the transcriptional activity of p53. Furthermore, suppression of p53 by RNA interference could not prevent caffeine- and IR-induced mitochondrial alterations and apoptosis but resulted in an even more pronounced G2-M arrest. Collectively, our results clearly show that the resistance of MCF-7 cells to IR-induced apoptosis is caused by two independent events; one of them is a caffeine- or UCN-01–inhibitable event that does not depend on p53 or a release of the G2-M arrest. The second event is the loss of caspase-3 that surprisingly seems essential for a fully functional caspase-9 pathway, even despite the previous release of mitochondrial proapoptotic proteins.
Structural insights into RNA duplexes with multiple 2΄-5΄-linkages

Abstract 2΄-5΄-linked RNAs play important roles in many biological systems. In addition, the mixture of 2΄-5΄ and 3΄-5΄ phosphodiester bonds have emerged as a plausible structural element in prebiotic RNAs. Toward our mechanistic studies of RNA folding and structures with heterogeneous backbones, we recently reported two crystal structures of a decamer RNA duplex containing two and six 2΄-5΄-linkages, showing how RNA duplexes adjust the structures to accommodate these non-canonical linkages (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2014, 111, 3050–3055). Herein, we present two additional high-resolution crystal structures of the same RNA duplex containing four and eight 2΄-5΄-linkages at different positions, providing new insights into the effects of these modifications and a dynamic view of RNA structure changes with increased numbers of 2΄-5΄-linkages in the same duplex. Our results show that the local structural perturbations caused by 2΄-5΄ linkages can be distributed to nearly all the nucleotides with big ranges of changes in different geometry parameters. In addition, hydration pattern and solvation energy analysis indicate less favorable solvent interactions of 2΄-5΄-linkages comparing to the native 3΄-5΄-linkages. This study not only promotes our understanding of RNA backbone flexibility, but also provides a knowledge base for studying the biochemical and prebiotic significance of RNA 2΄-5΄-linkages.
Real-time speckle reduction and coherence enhancement in ultrasound imaging via nonlinear anisotropic diffusion

This paper presents a novel approach for speckle reduction and coherence enhancement of ultrasound images based on nonlinear coherent diffusion (NCD) model. The proposed NCD model combines three different models. According to speckle extent and image anisotropy, the NCD model changes progressively from isotropic diffusion through anisotropic coherent diffusion to, finally, mean curvature motion. This structure maximally low-pass filters those parts of the image that correspond to fully developed speckle, while substantially preserving information associated with resolved-object structures. The proposed implementation algorithm utilizes an efficient discretization scheme that allows for real-time implementation on commercial systems. The theory and implementation of the new technique are presented and verified using phantom and clinical ultrasound images. In addition, the results from previous techniques are compared with the new method to demonstrate its performance.
The Degrees of Freedom of the Group Lasso

This paper studies the sensitivity to the observations of the block/group Lasso solution to an overdetermined linear regression model. Such a regularization is known to promote sparsity patterns structured as nonoverlapping groups of coefficients. Our main contribution provides a local parameterization of the solution with respect to the observations. As a byproduct, we give an unbiased estimate of the degrees of freedom of the group Lasso. Among other applications of such results, one can choose in a principled and objective way the regularization parameter of the Lasso through model selection criteria.
Allocation of food allergy responsibilities and its correlates for children and adolescents

This study examined the degree to which children and adolescents with food allergy accept responsibility for their own care, and the extent to which greater self-management is associated with past history of a life-threatening allergic reaction or anxiety. For children (n = 190), caregiver and patient report of self-management was consistent, but agreement was poor for adolescent dyads (n = 59). History of a life-threatening allergic reaction was associated with greater self-management for children only, while among adolescents, it was associated with greater anxiety. Given that shifting to self-management may be challenging, discussion and preparation about this process is warranted.
A wheelchair can be fun: a case of emotion-driven design

In this paper an approach to emotion-driven design is introduced and demonstrated with a children's wheelchair design case. First, emotional responses towards existing wheelchairs have been assessed with a non-verbal self-report instrument. The results of this assessment were transformed to starting points for a new design with the use of a theoretical model of product emotions. With these starting points a new design was created and detailed into a working prototype. In a second study, the emotional impact of the new design was evaluated. It was found that, with respect to the emotional impact, this new design differentiates in a positive way from existing models. In the light of these findings, it is discussed how theoretical and empirical knowledge can assist designers in their attempts to manipulate the emotional impact of their designs.
Young Europeans, work and family: futures in transition

1. Julia Brannen, Suzan Lewis, Ann Nilsen and Janet Smithson Introduction 2. Janet Smithson and Julia Brannen Qualitative Methodology in Cross-National Research 3. Ann Nilsen and Julia Brannen Theorising the Individiual-Structure Dynamic 4. Julia Brannen and Ann Nilsen Young People's Perspectives on the Future 5. Suzan Lewis, Janet Smithson and Clarissa Kugelberg Into Work: Job Insecurity and Changing Psychological Contracts 6. Pat O'Connor and Janet Smithson Young Peoples' Awareness of Gendered Realities 7. Julia Brannen, Clarissa Kugelberg, Maria das Dores Guerreiro and Janet Smithson Imagining Parenthood and Employment: Connected or Disconnected Worlds? 8. Suzan Lewis, Janet Smithson and Maria das Dores Guerreiro Into Parenthood: Young People's Sense of Entitlement to Support for the Reconciliation of Employment and Family life 9. Ann Nilsen, Maria das Dores Guerreiro and Julia Brannen 'Most Choices Involve Money': Different Pathways to Adulthood
Ideologies of Identity in Adolescent Fiction: The Dialogic Construction of Subjectivity

Ideologies of Identity in Adolescent Fiction examines the representation of selfhood in adolescent and children's fiction, using a Bakhtinian approach to subjectivity, language, and narrative. The ideological frames within which identities are formed are inextricably bound up with ideas about subjectivity, ideas which pervade and underpin adolescent fictions. Although the humanist subject has been systematically interrogated by recent philosophy and criticism, the question which lies at the heart of fiction for young people is not whether a coherent self exists but what kind of self it is and what are the conditions of its coming into being. Ideologies of Identity in Adolescent Fiction has a double focus: first, the images of selfhood that the fictions offer their readers, especially the interactions between selfhood, social and cultural forces, ideologies, and other selves; and second, the strategies used to structure narrative and to represent subjectivity and intersubjectivity.
Pharmacodynamics of Moxifloxacin against Streptococcus pyogenes in an In Vitro Kinetic Model

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacodynamics of moxifloxacin against strains of Streptococcus pyogenes with different susceptibilities to erythromycin by using an in vitro kinetic model simulating human pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin at oral doses of 400 and 200 mg, respectively. When the different strains of S. pyogenes were exposed to the higher dose, the number of bacteria was reduced below the detection limit after 12 h and no regrowth was noted during the following 12 h. At the lower dose there was regrowth of the strains with constitutive and inducible erythromycin resistance of the MLSB phenotype. Replication assays of the regrowing bacteria indicated that the failure of moxifloxacin to kill the MLSB strains at the lower dose was likely caused by the emergence of preexisting resistant subpopulations. Thus, the present study indicates that the presently used 400-mg dose seems to have an advantage over the lower dose in that the risk for selection of resistant subpopulations is minimized.
Active Queue Management with Dual Virtual Proportional Integral Queues for TCP Uplink/Downlink Fairness in Infrastructure WLANs

In this paper we address the unfairness problem between uplink and downlink TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) flows in the IEEE 802.11 infrastructure WLANs (c). It has been shown that TCP flows exhibit resource allocation (e.g., bandwidth) inequalities mainly due to two reasons: TCP's asymmetric reactions towards data and ACK (Acknowledgement) losses when the downlink buffer overflows at the AP (Access Point); and the AP's inability to distinguish itself from other contending stations when accessing the medium with the 802.11 MAC (Medium Access Control) layer based on the DCF (Distributed Coordination Function). To overcome these problems, we propose an AQM (Active Queue Management) approach (i.e., V2PI AQM) implemented at the AP, which utilizes two virtual queues, the TCP data and the TCP ACK queue, with their lengths controlled by PI (Proportional Integral) controllers. As a result, data losses can be reduced since the AP's downlink buffer is no longer overwhelmed by ACK packets destined to the uplink stations. In addition, when a discrepancy is observed by the AP monitoring the traffic intensity on the wireless link and the lengths of both queues, it uses an AIMD (Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease) approach to adjust its contention window size, which compensates for the unfairness induced by the DCF MAC. We demonstrate using ns- 2 simulations that fair bandwidth sharing between uplink and downlink TCP flows can be achieved by AP's buffer management in conjunction with contention window adaptation.