Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Entity Relation to Bridge the Language Gap in Cross-Lingual Question Answering System

We describe University at Albany’s CLQA system and its performance in English-Chinese subtask evaluation in NTCIR-6 CLQA. Firstly we illustrate our submitted system, which was built in two weeks. (We had to finish our CLQA system in this time limit because we were late registered.) Then we would like to introduce the improved system which utilizes our ACE (Automatic Content Extraction) relation detection and recognition (RDR) system to help bridge the language gap when answering some types of questions. The experimental results show that our proposed method helps to improve the system performance in answering questions about some specific relation between entities.
Thinking-Aloud as Talking-in-Interaction: Reinterpreting How L2 Lexical Inferencing Gets Done

There is a general consensus among second-language (L2) researchers today that lexical inferencing (LIF) is among the most common techniques that L2 learners use to generate meaning for unknown words they encounter in context. Indeed, claims about the salience and pervasiveness of LIF for L2 learners rely heavily upon data obtained via concurrent think-aloud (TA) research methods. However, despite the consensus that L2 LIF involves a combination of cues, knowledge, and contextual awareness, a crucial aspect of that “context”— namely, the in situ context of TA data collection procedures themselves—is rarely, if ever, included in analyses presented in L2 LIF research studies. I argue in this article that acknowledging this reality and incorporating aspects of this in situ context into analysis is both important and desirable, as it would contribute vital elements of research transparency and legitimacy as well as a much needed reflexivity about claims regarding L2 LIF that are made based on TA data.
Optimal Periodic Trajectories for Band-Limited Systems

The speed of an electromechanical scanner is limited by its first resonance frequency. To maximize scan speed, input signals are required that contain negligible frequency components near, or above the first resonance frequency. Such signals are usually obtained by low-pass filtering the desired scan trajectory. However, this introduces curvature and ripple into linear (constant velocity) scan regions. In this work, input signals are designed with guaranteed linear regions and minimal harmonic components above a chosen frequency. The proposed scanning trajectories are proven by simulation and experiment to induce less vibration than existing techniques.
「進化経済学会・有賀裕二編」, 『Evolutionary Controversies in Economics : A New Transdisciplinary Approach』, 出版社Springer,Tokyo, 発行日2001年7月, 24cm×16cm版, xv+252頁, ISBN4-431-70303-9

Introduction: Toward a New Transdisciplinary Approach for Evolutionary Controversies. - I Streams of Evolutionary Economics. - A Viewpoint on Evolutionary Economic Theory. - How Can Evolutionary Economics Evolve? - Economics and Darwinism. - II Evolutionary Nonlinear Dynamics. - Economic Development in the Arts, Crafts, and Sciences. - onlinear Dynamics of Debt and Capital: A Post-Keynesian Analysis. - Attractor Stability in Unemployment and Inflation Rates. - III Experimental Economics and Evolution. - volution and Negative Reciprocity. - Avatamsaka Game Structure and Experiment on the Web. - IV Multiagent Systems and Complexity. - On the Relevance of Genetic Programming to Evolutionary Economics. - Social Interaction and Coordination Failures in a Simple Model of Technology Adoption. - Effects of Competitive Metaplayers in the Distributed Social Dilemma. - V New Frontiers for Evolutionary Economics. - U-Mart: A Test Bed for Interdisciplinary Research into Agent-Based Artificial Markets. - Econophysics: Empirical Laws, Theory, and Application. - The Master Equation Approach to Self-Organization in Labor Mobility. - VI Economic Heresies. - From "Historical Time" to the Economics of Complexity. - Why Should Economists, Including (Old) Institutionalists, be Interested in Critical Realism? - Author Index.
Effect of 1 year cyclosporine a treatment on the activity and renal involvement of systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot study

Our objective was to determine the effect of 1 year low-dose cyclosporine A (CSA) treatment on disease activity and renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients included in the pilot study had an active form of the disease as defined by the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Main organ involvement was represented by lupus nephritis classified in repeated renal biopsies. Eleven patients with SLE were enrolled in the study. In eight of them, previous therapy with cyclophosphamide or azathioprine had to be interrupted due to serious adverse reaction or low efficacy. Nine patients experienced clinical nephrotic syndrome, and two the nephritic syndrome. After 12 months of CSA treatment, the mean SLEDAI score had decreased significantly from 26.18 to 4.00 (P < 0.01). Similarly, the titre of antinuclear and anti-dsDNA antibodies had dropped significantly (P < 0.01). Proteinuria decreased rapidly from 9.10 to 1.70 g/24 h (P < 0.001). According to the WHO classification of renal biopsies, three patients had their class altered from IV to III in response to CSA treatment and five patients had changed the status from the high severity grade to the mild. The adverse reactions included hypertension (45%), gingival hyperplasia (18%) and hirsutism (9%). No significant increase in serum creatinine or any CSA related toxic changes were found in renal biopsies. The favourable response observed in patients with active SLE and with major renal involvement strongly suggests that low-dose CSA is a potent drug as much for the reduction of the disease activity as for lupus nephropathy treatment.
Dynamic Sender-Receiver Games

We consider a dynamic version of sender-receiver games, where the sequence of states follows an irreducible Markov chain observed by the sender. Under mild assumptions, we provide a simple characterization of the limit set of equilibrium payoffs, as players become very patient. Under these assumptions, the limit set depends on the Markov chain only through its invariant measure. The (limit) equilibrium payoffs are the feasible payoffs that satisfy an individual rationality condition for the receiver, and an incentive compatibility condition for the sender.
Misalignment-robust Face Recognition via Efficient Locality-constrained Representation

Misaligned face recognition has been studied in the past decades, but still remains an open challenge. To address this problem, we propose a highly efficient misalignment-robust locality-constrained representation (MRLR) algorithm. Specifically, MRLR first aligns the query face via the `2 -norm locality-constrained representation, and then recognizes it by a standard `2-norm collaborative representation algorithm. It achieves a high degree of robustness even with a small training set. Moreover, we take advantage of the block matrix inverse to develop an efficient solving algorithm whose efficiency and scalability are verified by computational complexity analysis. Experimental results on public data sets show that MRLR beats several state-of-the-art approaches in terms of efficiency and scalability with comparable performance.
Rickettsia‐like mitochondrial motility in Drosophila spermiogenesis

Summary Although it is generally accepted that mitochondria and chloroplasts are descended in evolution from bacteria, the potential contributions of their endosymbiont ancestors to specialized cellular pathways in development remain largely unexplored. Here we show that a motile behavior of mitochondria in Drosophila spermiogenesis is strikingly similar to the actin‐based “comet tail” motility of several bacteria. A combination of electron and fluorescence microscopy demonstrates major reorganization and movement of mitochondria ahead of, and in close association with, dense conical arrays of actin filaments in the sperm individualization complex, which mediates the resolution of male germline syncytia into separate gametes. Because of several other parallels between the movement of the individualization complex and the motility behavior of some rickettsiae, the bacterial family from which mitochondria are most likely descended, this motility phenomenon is a strong candidate for a true vestige of endosymbiont behavior in contemporary mitochondria. The potential conservation of an ancient endosymbiont motility mechanism within a highly conserved feature of gametogenesis, the resolution of germline syncytia, may indicate a formative role for the endosymbiotic ancestor of mitochondria in the evolution of this developmental pathway.
Quantifying Regional Differences in the Length of Twitter Messages

The increasing usage of social media for conversations, together with the availability of its data to researchers, provides an opportunity to study human conversations on a large scale. Twitter, which allows its users to post messages of up to a limit of 140 characters, is one such social media. Previous studies of utterances in books, movies and Twitter have shown that most of these utterances, when transcribed, are much shorter than 140 characters. Furthermore, the median length of Twitter messages was found to vary across US states. Here, we investigate whether the length of Twitter messages varies across different regions in the UK. We find that the median message length, depending on grouping, can differ by up to 2 characters.
Lossless Filter for Long Multiple Repetitions with Edit Distance

Identifying local similarity between two or more sequences, or identifying repetitions occurring at least twice in a sequence, is an essential part in the analysis of biological sequences and of their phylogenetic relationship. Finding fragments that are conserved among several given sequences, or inside a unique sequence, while allowing for a certain number of insertions, deletions, and substitutions, is however known to be a computationally expensive task, and consequently exact methods can usually not be applied in practice. The filter we introduce in this paper, called Ed'Nimbus, provides a possible solution to this problem. It can be used as a preprocessing step to any multiple alignment method, eliminating an important fraction of the input that is guaranteed not to contain any approximate repetition. It consists in the verification of a strong necessary condition. This condition concerns the number and order of exactly repeated words shared by the approximate repetitions. The efficiency of the filter is due to this condition, that we show how to check in a fast way. The speed of the method is achieved thanks also to the use of a simple and efficient data structure, that we describe in this paper, as well as its linear time and space construction. Our results show that using Ed'Nimbus allows us to sensibly reduce the time spent in a local multiple alignment.The Ed'Nimbus software is freely available on the web:http://igm.univ-mlv.fr/$\sim$peterlon/officiel/ednimbus/
The interaction Myo 4 p is a monomeric myosin with motility uniquely adapted to transport mRNA

Cell polarity creates unique functional domains within cells, exemplifi ed by axons and dendrites of neurons and the apical and basolateral surfaces of epithelial cells (Drubin and Nelson, 1996; Caplan, 1997; Horton and Ehlers, 2003). Cells generate polarity, in part, through directed transport of secretory vesicles and mRNAs by cytoskeleton-based motor proteins (St Johnston, 1995; Caplan, 1997; Pruyne and Bretscher, 2000; Lopez de Heredia and Jansen, 2004; Czaplinski and Singer, 2006). Motor proteins involved in the transport of vesicles and mRNAs have been identifi ed, and much is known about how these motor proteins move along actin fi laments and microtubules in vitro (Vale and Milligan, 2000). Less clear is how in vitro motility translates into long distance transport of cargo in vivo. In particular, the obvious physical differences between cargo, such as membranebound vesicles and RNAs, would seem to necessitate different mechanisms to generate sustained transport in vivo. To address this question, we analyzed two class V myosins in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Myo2p and Myo4p. Together, the two myosins transport most of the cellular material into the bud (Bretscher, 2003). Myo2p is required for cell viability and is essential for the transport of secretory vesicles into the bud to facilitate growth (Johnston et al., 1991). Myo2p also transports other membrane-bound cargo, including vacuoles, late Golgi, peroxisomes, and mitochondria (Beach et al., 2000; Catlett et al., 2000; Hoepfner et al., 2001; Rossanese et al., 2001; Itoh et al., 2002). In contrast, Myo4p is nonessential, but its primary biological function is to transport ASH1 mRNA to the bud tip, generating cell fate differences between mother and daughter cells (Haarer et al., 1994; Long et al., 1997; Takizawa et al., 1997). Myo4p has also been implicated in the movement of cortical ER into the bud (Estrada et al., 2003). Myo2p and Myo4p are closely related and are descended from a common ancestral gene, but they cannot functionally substitute for each other, indicating that they have evolved to transport different types of cargo. To move cargo over appreciable distances, motors must bind tightly to membranes and nucleic acids. Myo2p binds membrane-bound vesicles and organelles through separate domains in its globular C-tail. For example, amino acids 1389– 1491 facilitate association with secretory vesicles, whereas amino acids 1131–1345 mediate association with vacuoles (Catlett et al., 2000; Pashkova et al., 2005). These sequences do not appear to bind directly to membranes; rather, protein intermediaries transiently link Myo2p to different membrane-bound cargo. For example, Vac8p and Vac17p mediate the binding of Myo2p to vacuoles, whereas Sec4p likely facilitates the binding of Myo2p to vesicles (Wagner et al., 2002; Tang et al., 2003). The interaction Myo4p is a monomeric myosin with motility uniquely adapted to transport mRNA
Multinomial analysis of smoothed HIV back‐calculation models incorporating uncertainty in the AIDS incidence

Back‐calculation models, developed to reconstruct the past trend of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to project future acquired immunodeficiency syndrome incidence (AIDS), are usually and unrealistically based on the assumption that the observed AIDS counts are independently distributed according to a Poisson process. In contrast, we argue that a multinomial framework is more suitable to this situation, leading to a natural covariance structure. The ill‐conditioned nature of the problem is solved by modelling the HIV parameters according to a cubic spline function to reduce the dimensionality of the parameter space and obtain smoother parameter estimates. We applied a regression spline technique which yields to a computationally stable basis incorporating the incubation period in the new design matrix. We directly incorporate the reporting delay distribution in the AIDS incidence data, leading to a more complex formulation of the variance and covariance model that is adapted to the iteratively reweighted least square (IRLS) algorithm. In this case we obtain more accurate estimates of the standard error of the HIV incidence, especially in the most recent time. Our model, which uses a cubic spline reparameterization based on a multinomial probability distribution, is applied to the AIDS epidemic data in Italy. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ability of preoperative falls to predict postsurgical outcomes in non-selected patients undergoing elective surgery at an academic medical centre: protocol for a prospective cohort study

Introduction Falls are increasingly recognised for their ability to herald impending health decline. Despite the likely susceptibility of postsurgical patients to falls, a detailed description of postoperative falls in an unselected surgical population has never been performed. One study suggests that preoperative falls may forecast postoperative complications. However, a larger study with non-selected surgical patients and patient-centred outcomes is needed to provide the generalisability and justification necessary to implement preoperative falls assessment into routine clinical practice. The aims of this study are therefore twofold. First, we aim to describe the main features of postoperative falls in a population of unselected surgical patients. Second, we aim to test the hypothesis that a history of falls in the 6 months prior to surgery predicts postoperative falls, poor quality of life, functional dependence, complications and readmission. Methods and analysis To achieve these goals, we study adult patients who underwent elective surgery at our academic medical centre and were recruited to participate in a prospective, survey-based cohort study called Systematic Assessment and Targeted Improvement of Services Following Yearlong Surgical Outcomes Surveys (SATISFY-SOS) (NCT02032030). Patients who reported falling in the 6 months prior to surgery will be considered ‘exposed. ’ The primary outcome of interest is postoperative falls within 30 days of surgery. Secondary outcomes include postoperative functional dependence, quality of life (both physical and mental), in-hospital complications and readmission. Regression models will permit controlling for important confounders. Ethics and dissemination The home institution's Institutional Review Board approved this study (IRB ID number 201505035). The authors will publish the findings, regardless of the results.
Learning to Detect Sepsis with a Multitask Gaussian Process RNN Classifier

We present a scalable end-to-end classifier that uses streaming physiological and medication data to accurately predict the onset of sepsis, a life-threatening complication from infections that has high mortality and morbidity. Our proposed framework models the multivariate trajectories of continuous-valued physiological time series using multitask Gaussian processes, seamlessly accounting for the high uncertainty, frequent missingness, and irregular sampling rates typically associated with real clinical data. The Gaussian process is directly connected to a black-box classifier that predicts whether a patient will become septic, chosen in our case to be a recurrent neural network to account for the extreme variability in the length of patient encounters. We show how to scale the computations associated with the Gaussian process in a manner so that the entire system can be discriminatively trained end-to-end using backpropagation. In a large cohort of heterogeneous inpatient encounters at our university health system we find that it outperforms several baselines at predicting sepsis, and yields 19.4% and 55.5% improved areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristic and Precision Recall curves as compared to the NEWS score currently used by our hospital.
Genetic evidence for an activator required for induction of pectin lyase in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora by DNA-damaging agents

In Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71, the induction of pectin lyase (Pnl), the bacteriocin carotovoricin (Ctv), and cellular lysis (Lss) requires a RecA function. We obtained mutants wherein a pleiotropic defect, i.e., the lack of induction with mitomycin C, is not restored by the recA+ DNA. From a genomic library of strain 71, a cosmid (pAKC280) that restored induction of Pnl, Ctv, and Lss by mitomycin C was isolated. The activator function, designated Rdg for regulator of damage-inducible genes, was localized by subcloning and insertional mutagenesis to a 2.6-kb region within a 6.7-kb EcoRI fragment. An rdg-lacZ operon fusion was inducible by mitomycin C in RecA+ but not RecA- derivatives of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora 71 and Escherichia coli. A RecA+ E. coli strain carrying only a PnlA+ plasmid was not inducible for Pnl production; however, when both a PnlA+ plasmid and a Rdg+ plasmid were present, the transcription of pnlA and the production of the enzyme were activated by mitomycin C. The size of the pnlA transcript produced in E. coli was identical to that of the transcript produced by E. carotovora subsp. carotovora 71, suggesting that the same promoter and termination sequences were being utilized in these bacteria.
An adaptive task creation strategy for work-stealing scheduling

Work-stealing is a key technique in many multi-threading programming languages to get good load balancing. The current work-stealing techniques have a high implementation overhead in some applications and require a large amount of memory space for data copying to assure correctness. They also cannot handle many application programs that have an unbalanced call tree or have no definitive working sets. In this paper, we propose a new adaptive task creation strategy, called AdaptiveTC, which supports effective work-stealing schemes and also handles the above mentioned problems effectively. As shown in some experimental results, AdaptiveTC runs 2.71x faster than Cilk and 1.72x faster than Tascell for the 16-queen problem with 8 threads.
Development As Action in Context: Problem Behavior and Normal Youth Development

A. Introduction. - I. Development as Action in Context. - B. Approaches to Managing Life-Tasks in Adolescence. - II. Problem Identification and Definition as Important Aspects of Adolescents' Coping with Normative Life-Tasks. - III. Puzzles in the Study of Daily Hassles. - IV. Social Behavior Problems in Adolescence. - V. Place for Development: Adolescents, Leisure Settings, and Developmental Tasks. - VI. Children's and Adolescents' Conceptions of Adulthood: The Changing View of a Crucial Developmental Task. - VII. Future Time Orientation and Its Relevance for Development as Action. - VIII. Prosocial Motives from 12 to 18: A Comparison of Adolescents from Berlin (West) and Warsaw. - C. Development and Problem Behavior. - IX. Resourceful and Vulnerable Children: Family Influence in Hard Times. - X. Adolescents' Changing Values in a Changing Society. - XI. Processes of Peer Influences in Adolescence. - XII. The Coping Function of Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Use. - XIII. Adolescent Problem Drinking: Psychosocial Aspects and Developmental Outcomes. - XIV. Structural Modeling with Large Data Sets and Non-Normal Continuous Variables. - D. Prospects. - XV. Recent Advances in Research on the Ecology of Human Development. - Author Index.
Synthesis of an LMI-based fuzzy control system with guaranteed cost performance: a piecewise Lyapunov approach

A new stability analysis and design of a fuzzy switching control based on uncertain Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems are proposed. The fuzzy system adopted is composed by a family of local linear uncertain systems with aggregation. The control design proposed uses local state feedback gains obtained from an optimization problem with guaranteed cost performance formulated in the context of linear matrix inequalities and a fuzzy switching scheme built from local Lyapunov functions. The global stability is guaranteed by considering a class of piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions. Examples are given to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach.