Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amplification Refractory Mutation System Linear Extension: A Novel, Gel‐Free, Enzyme‐Linked Immunoassay Method for DNA Genotyping

A single synthesis cycle of the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) was applied to the analysis of K-ras alleles amplified by polymerase chain reaction and immobilized in streptavidin-coated microtiter plates. The ARMS cycle provided the specificity and molecular switch characteristics of a conventional ARMS assay. This allowed linear extension from an allele-specific primer and the incorporation of digoxigenin-labeled deoxyuridine monophosphate from digoxigenin-11-deoxyuridine triphosphate in the presence of the appropriate K-ras allele. Any digoxigenin-labeled deoxyuridine monophosphate substitution was then demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunoassay with a colorimetric endpoint. This method is capable of detecting underrepresented acquired mutations, and this has been shown by the unambiguous detection of specific K-ras mutations in cell line DNA/normal human genomic DNA admixtures. The characterization of K-ras mutations in frozen colorectal tumor samples and histologic material is also described.
FDI and technological catching-up based on technology gap, absorptive capability

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important way of international technology transfer and spillover. Many literatures on FDI show that technology gap between local enterprise and multi-national corporation (MNC) and absorptive capability of local enterprise are two key factors influencing FDI spillover effects. On the base of literature review, we build a framework of technology gap, absorptive capability and technological catching-up. Under this framework, it analyzes the FDI and local technological catching-up of Changjiang Delta, including Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang province, which is one of the most important regions of Chinese economy. And finally, it proposes corresponding technological catching-up strategies for these three regions respectively.
Immunoblotting and Immunodetection

Immunoblotting (western blotting) is used to identify specific antigens recognized by polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. This unit provides protocols for all steps, starting with solubilization of the protein samples, usually by means of SDS and reducing agents. Following solubilization, the material is separated by SDS‐PAGE and the antigens are electrophoretically transferred to a membrane, a process that can be monitored by reversible staining with Ponceau S. The transferred proteins are bound to the surface of the membrane, providing access to immunodetection reagents. After nonspecific binding sites are blocked, the membrane is probed with the primary antibody and washed. The antibody‐antigen complexes are tagged with horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase coupled to a secondary anti‐IgG antibody, and detected using appropriate chromogenic or luminescent substrates. Finally, membranes may be stripped and reprobed. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 83:10.8. 1‐10.8. 28. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A new species of Tripartiella ( Ciliophora : Trichodinidae ) from Aequidens tetramerus ( Perciformes : Cichlidae ) in north Brazil

A new species of Tripartiella is described from the gills of the wild saddle cichlid Aequidens tetramerus in north Brazil. Wet smears of skin and gills of examined fish were air-dried at room temperature and impregnated with Klein’s dry silver method for examination of the adhesive disc’s structures and denticles. Total prevalence of parasitism was 65%. This ciliate is characterized as a small-sized trichodinid, body diameter 37.03 ± 4.9 μm, adhesive disc 30.50 ± 2.71 μm, denticulate ring 13.28 ± 0.8 μm and 24 ± 2.0 denticles. Taxonomic and morphometric data for the new species are discussed.
Sustained effectiveness of a primary-team–based rapid response system*

Objective:Laws and regulations require many hospitals to implement rapid-response systems. However, the optimal resource intensity for such systems is unknown. We sought to determine whether a rapid-response system that relied on a patient’s usual care providers, not a critical-care–trained rapid-response team, would improve patient outcomes. Design, Setting, and PatientsAn interrupted time-series analysis of over a 59-month period. Setting:Urban, academic hospital. Patients:One hundred seven-one thousand, three hundred forty-one consecutive adult admissions. Intervention:In the intervention period, patients were monitored for predefined, standardized, acute, vital-sign abnormalities or marked nursing concern. If these criteria were met, a team consisting of the patient’s existing care providers was assembled. Measurements and Main Results:The unadjusted risk of unexpected mortality was 72% lower (95% confidence interval 55%–83%) in the intervention period (absolute risk: 0.02% vs. 0.09%, p < .0001). The unadjusted in-hospital mortality rate was not significantly lower (1.9% vs. 2.1%, p = .07). After adjustment for age, gender, race, season of admission, case mix, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and intensive care unit bed capacity, the intervention period was associated with an 80% reduction (95% confidence interval 63%–89%, p < .0001) in the odds of unexpected death, but no significant change in overall mortality [odds ratio 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.82–1.02), p = . 09]. Analyses that also adjusted for secular time trends confirmed these findings (relative risk reduction for unexpected mortality at end of intervention period: 65%, p = .0001; for in-hospital mortality, relative risk reduction = 5%, p = .2). Conclusions:A primary-team–based implementation of a rapid response system was independently associated with reduced unexpected mortality. This system relied on the patient’s usual care providers, not an intensive care unit based rapid response team, and may offer a more cost-effective approach to rapid response systems, particularly for systems with limited intensivist availability.
Optical data security using Hartley transform, pixel scrambling and chaos theory for images

This paper reports an efficient optical image encryption and decryption technique using Hartley transform, chaos function and pixel scrambling. In this method, pixel scrambling, chaotic random phase mask generated by using logistic map and the Hartley transform are used to encrypt the original image. Chaos functions are highly sensitive to the initial condition thus higher security is achieved. It is shown that the decrypted image matches with the input image only when the correct keys are used during the process of decryption. MATLAB 7.0 is used for the simulation and demonstration of the proposed technique. Mean square error (MSE), histogram analysis and the correlation coefficient between the decrypted and the original image has also been calculated in the support of the proposal. The original and decrypted images are highly correlated if the correct encryption parameters are used during the process of decryption. The technique can be realized by optical means and hence is useful for optical networks.
Photoreceptor death, trophic factor expression, retinal oxygen status, and photoreceptor function in the P23H rat.

PURPOSE To relate the oxygen environment of the retina to photoreceptor stability, protection, and function in the P23H rat. METHODS Heterozygote P23H-3 (Line 3) rats were studied. Photoreceptor death rates were assessed with the TUNEL technique for detection of fragmenting DNA, in a developmental series from postnatal day (P)16 to P105 (adult). In adult retinas, trophic factor status was assessed with immunohistochemistry, intraretinal oxygen environment with O(2)-sensing electrodes, and photoreceptor function by the flash-evoked, dark-adapted electroretinogram (ERG), recorded in anesthetized animals. RESULTS Photoreceptor death begins by P16; peaks at P25, when the frequency of TUNEL(+) profiles exceeds 70/mm of retina; and then declines to low (<5/mm) adult rates. Compared with that in nondegenerative Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, the rate of photoreceptor death is abnormally high from P16 and remains several-fold higher than normal into young adulthood. In addition, the outer nuclear layer is reduced to approximately half of control thickness, and the levels of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, and FGF-2/FGFR1 colocalization are markedly upregulated. O(2) tension and uptake are relatively normal in the inner retina, but uptake is considerably reduced, and O(2) tension is significantly raised in the outer retina. Surviving photoreceptors generate an a-wave with normal peak latency but sharply reduced amplitude. CONCLUSIONS Excess photoreceptor degeneration in the P23H-3 retina begins just after eye opening, peaks in early postnatal life, and then slows, but persists into adulthood. In the adult retina, surviving photoreceptors operate in an environment that is chronically hyperoxic (and therefore toxic) and in which protective factors (CNTF, FGF-2) are chronically upregulated. The net result, slow degeneration and degraded function in an environment that is both toxic and protective, may be representative of adult photoreceptor status in a number of human retinal degenerations. Hyperoxia-induced photoreceptor death may be a self-reinforcing factor that increases oxidative stress in surviving photoreceptors.
Role of the Ser-287-Asn Replacement in the Hydrolysis Spectrum Extension of AmpC β-Lactamases in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Two AmpC variants harboring the S287N substitution were obtained by mutagenesis from cephalosporinases representative of the phylogenetic groups A and B2 of Escherichia coli. Their biochemical characterization revealed that the S287N replacement led to an important increase in the catalytic efficiency toward extended-spectrum cephalosporins in the AmpC β-lactamase of group A only.
Endobronchial Lesions Caused by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Apparently Healthy Pediatric Patients

Pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria in healthy children is rare, and its pathogenesis is unknown in most cases and standardized treatment is lacking. Here, we report various endobronchial manifestations in 5 patients including hitherto undescribed diffuse tracheobronchial granulomas in 2 patients. Bronchoscopic debulking was performed in all patients and tuberculostatic treatment in 4. All patients including 1 without tuberculostatic treatment showed remission.
The Critical Dimension Definition of Femoral for Custom-made Total Knee Arthroplasty by the Application of Geometric Modeling

The main purpose for the design of knee prosthesis is to construct patient's individual anatomical, geometric model and satisfy his/her real geometric and physiology characteristic. The reconstruction of 3D knee geometric model is the basis of knee prosthesis related design. In this study, Mimics software was used to obtain CT image to construct the complete knee actual 3D geometric model, to analyze and define the critical dimension needed for the most complicated femur resection in custom-made total knee arthroplasty (TKA), including critical dimensions of anterior femur resection, distal femur resection and posterior condylar resection. Based on the obtained information, one can setup the critical dimensions and perform the location analysis that are suitable for knee arthroplasty for individual patient's knee characteristic, shape and damage conditions. Then, based on these data to design and manufacture custom-made knee prosthesis to fulfill press-fit design purpose. (Hung-Shyong Chen, Tsai Yau Bin M.D., Chyouhwu Huang, Jeng-Nan Lee, Huang-Kuang Kung. The Critical Dimension Definition of Femoral for Custom-made Total Knee Arthroplasty by the Application of Geometric Modeling. Life Sci J 2012; 9(2):196-201) (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com . 33
Analysis of the Situation of the Real Estate Fund Source in Our Country

The article analyzed the situation of the real estate fund source of our country.It can been seen that our country' real estate fund market have many problems,such as narrow fund channel,risk focusing on bank,short of financing innovation.To resolve these problems,the article give some advices such as broadening financing channel,increasing financial products and strengthening real estate legislation.
DOI detection capability of 3D crystal array standing over two PMTs

Absence of scintillation crystal in the region between adjacent PMTs, PMT blind region, will cause loss of data sampling and less sensitivity in a PET or another system. We propose design of a depth of interaction (DOI) detector to fill up the PMT blind region with crystals. In the design, a 3-dimensional (3D) array of single kind crystals stands over two PMTs. The crystal array is optically coupled to the PMTs directly and materials between crystal elements are chosen among optical film, coupling material and just remained as air gap to control scintillation light path in the crystal array instead of coupling a light guide on the bottom of the array as is generally done. Not only reflector but translucent film is also utilized as optical film in the DOI detector design. In this paper, first, we seek for an available DOI crystal array design in simple setting with a PMT, and then we demonstrate its DOI detection capability in the setting with two PMTs. The DOI detector is developed with the intention of the use in jPET-RD system; the PET system we have developed for small animals. In the system, there is about 6 mm interval in axial direction between outer anodes of adjacent two PMTs. The cross section of the crystal elements is 1.46 mm /spl times/ 1.46 mm in jPET-RD detector so that 2-layers of four crystals are involved in the PMT blind region. We introduce the design of the 2-layer DOI crystal array for the region and the results of its performance evaluation.
Design of a novel reconfigurable Sierpinski fractal graphene antenna operating at THz band

A novel reconfigurable fractal graphene antenna model operating at THz band is presented in this paper, where the frequency-dependent property of graphene conductivity is implemented into our simulation. In the development of such Sierpinski fractal antenna with self-similarity, we use graphene to fill its slot parts so as to achieve our desired reconfigurable capability. Some numerical results are given to show the radiation performance of our proposed graphene antenna model, with experiment being done so as to verify our design.
Curcumin prevents methylglyoxal‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells and blastocysts

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive dicarbonyl compound endogenously produced mainly from glycolytic intermediates. Elevated MG levels in diabetes patients are believed to contribute to diabetic complications. MG is cytotoxic through induction of apoptosis. Curcumin, the yellow pigment of Curcuma longa, is known to have antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. In the present study, we examined the effect of curcumin on apoptotic biochemical events caused by incubation of ESC‐B5 cells with MG. Curcumin inhibited the MG‐induced DNA fragmentation, caspase‐3 activation, cleavage of PARP, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and JNK activation. Importantly, curcumin also inhibited the MG‐stimulated increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells. In addition, we demonstrated that curcumin prevented the MG‐induced apoptosis of mouse blastocysts isolated from pregnant mice. Moreover, curcumin significantly reduced the MG‐mediated impairment of blastocyst development from mouse morulas. The results support the hypothesis that curcumin inhibits MG‐induced apoptosis in mouse ESC‐B5 cells and blastocysts by blocking ROS formation and subsequent apoptotic biochemical events. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sm and Sm‐like proteins belong to a large family: identification of proteins of the U6 as well as the U1, U2, U4 and U5 snRNPs.

Several small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), including the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 snRNAs, are associated with Sm proteins. These eight small proteins form a heteromeric complex that binds to snRNAs and plays a major role in small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) biogenesis and transport. These proteins are also a major target for autoantibodies in the human disease systemic lupus erythematosus. By sequence comparison I have shown that all the known Sm proteins share a common structural motif which might explain their immunological cross‐reactivity. Database searches using this motif uncovered a large number of Sm‐like proteins from plants, animals and fungi. These proteins have been grouped in at least 13 different subfamilies. Genes encoding divergent yeast members were cloned and used to produce tagged fusion proteins. Some of these proteins are canonical Sm proteins as they associate with the yeast U1, U2, U4/U6 and U5 snRNAs. Surprisingly, one Sm‐like protein was found to be a component of the U6 snRNP. These findings have implications for the structure of the Sm protein complex, spliceosomal snRNP evolution, snRNA transport and modification as well as the involvement of Sm proteins in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Engaging imagination and the future: Frontiers for clinical work

Abstract Narrative theory indicates that assessment using narratives is expectant, collaborative, and has the potential to begin a process of change. A shift from thinking exclusively about meaning (subjectivity in the child) to thinking also about shared meaning (intersubjectivity between child and clinician-examiner) seems appropriate in the clinical context. Recent knowledge from the cognitive neurosciences makes a shift of this sort compelling and has further implications. More story stem narrative research at the level of assessing individual children needs to be done so there can be explicit links to treatment.
Cloning, expression, purification, and preliminary characterization of a putative hemoglobin from the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

The genome of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 contains a gene (slr2097, glbN) encoding a 123 amino‐acid product with sequence similarity to globins. Related proteins from cyanobacteria, ciliates, and green algae bind oxygen and have a pronounced tendency to coordinate the heme iron with two protein ligands. To study the structural and functional properties of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 hemoglobin, slr2097 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Purification of the hemoglobin was performed after addition of hemin to the clarified cell lysate. Recombinant, heme‐reconstituted ferric Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 hemoglobin was found to be a stable helical protein, soluble to concentrations higher than 500 μM. At neutral pH, it yielded an electronic absorption spectrum typical of a low‐spin ferric species, with maxima at 410 and 546 nm. The proton NMR spectrum revealed sharp lines spread over a chemical shift window narrower than 40 ppm, in support of low‐spin hexacoordination of the heme iron. Nuclear Overhauser effects demonstrated that the heme is inserted in the protein matrix to produce one major equilibrium form. Addition of dithionite resulted in an absorption spectrum with maxima at 426, 528, and 560 nm. This reduced form appeared capable of carbon monoxide binding. Optical data also suggested that cyanide ions could bind to the heme in the ferric state. The spectral properties of the putative Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 hemoglobin confirmed that it can be used for further studies of an ancient hemoprotein structure.
Identifying genetic markers to assess the presence of gene‐environment interactions

We analyzed a randomly chosen replicate with the goals of locating the closest markers to the genes involved in the discrete trait and utilizing these as surrogates for the genes in assessing the presence of gene‐environment interactions. We screened the markers with an association test prior to using the transmission‐disequilibrium test. We performed a segregation analysis, with regressive models and including the selected markers, to understand the underlying genetic mechanism and the role of the environmental factor. We were unsuccessful in locating the relevant markers due to the absence of linkage disequilibrium. Nevertheless, some insights were gained from the methods used. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current Source Density Estimation Using Microelectrode Array Data from the Hippocampal Slice Preparation

The potentials recordable from the hippocampal slice using a microelectrode array are described assuming a model of neural current sources. Inverse Fourier filter techniques to compute the current source density (CSD) are described taking into account the uncertainty in knowledge of the height of the current source above the recording plane. A lower bound on the minimum necessary sampling interval is calculated as 100 ¿m. Another calculation indicates it is unlikely that current sources are detectable if they are further than 250 ¿m from the recording array. Inverse filters with relatively short focal distances avoid unnecessary attenuation of signals from more distant sources.
On the technological innovation of enterprises

The technological innovation of enterprises performs such functions as promoting the competitiveness of the enterprises, the development of the enterprises, the technological progress of the enterprises, and the modern management of the enterprises. The technological innovation of the enterprises can be characterized by uncertainty, quasi - public product, risk, marketability, and commerciality. The motivation of the technological innovation of enterprises comes mainly from the subjectivity and environment, commonly called "the subjectivity theory of the technological innovation" and "the environment theory of the technological innovation". A promotion of the technological innovation needs a series of countermeasures.
Molecular basis of reduced birth weight in smoking pregnant women: mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis

In utero exposure of fetuses to tobacco is associated with reduced birth weight. We hypothesized that this may be due to the toxic effect of carbon monoxide (CO) from tobacco, which has previously been described to damage mitochondria in non‐pregnant adult smokers. Maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), newborn cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and placenta were collected from 30 smoking pregnant women and their newborns and classified as moderate and severe smoking groups, and compared to a cohort of 21 non‐smoking controls. A biomarker for tobacco consumption (cotinine) was assessed by ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay). The following parameters were measured in all tissues: mitochondrial chain complex IV [cytochrome c oxidase (COX)] activity by spectrophotometry, mitochondrial DNA levels by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, oxidative stress by spectrophotometric lipid peroxide quantification, mitochondrial mass through citrate synthase spectrophotometric activity and apoptosis by Western blot parallelly confirmed by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling) assay in placenta. Newborns from smoking pregnant women presented reduced birth weight by 10.75 percent. Materno‐fetal mitochondrial and apoptotic PBMC and CBMC parameters showed altered and correlated values regarding COX activity, mitochondrial DNA, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Placenta partially compensated this dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial number; even so ratios of oxidative stress and apoptosis were increased. A CO‐induced mitotoxic and apoptotic fingerprint is present in smoking pregnant women and their newborn, with a lack of filtering effect from the placenta. Tobacco consumption correlated with a reduction in birth weight and mitochondrial and apoptotic impairment, suggesting that both could be the cause of the reduced birth weight in smoking pregnant women.