Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The SURFEXv7.2 land and ocean surface platform for coupled or offline simulation of earth surface variables and fluxes

Abstract. SURFEX is a new externalized land and ocean surface platform that describes the surface fluxes and the evolution of four types of surfaces: nature, town, inland water and ocean. It is mostly based on pre-existing, well-validated scientific models that are continuously improved. The motivation for the building of SURFEX is to use strictly identical scientific models in a high range of applications in order to mutualise the research and development efforts. SURFEX can be run in offline mode (0-D or 2-D runs) or in coupled mode (from mesoscale models to numerical weather prediction and climate models). An assimilation mode is included for numerical weather prediction and monitoring. In addition to momentum, heat and water fluxes, SURFEX is able to simulate fluxes of carbon dioxide, chemical species, continental aerosols, sea salt and snow particles. The main principles of the organisation of the surface are described first. Then, a survey is made of the scientific module (including the coupling strategy). Finally, the main applications of the code are summarised. The validation work undertaken shows that replacing the pre-existing surface models by SURFEX in these applications is usually associated with improved skill, as the numerous scientific developments contained in this community code are used to good advantage.
Rare Earth Oxide Containing Filler for Dental Composite Resin

A composite resin (CR) with photo-polymerization is widely used for dental filling material. Because of their good esthetics, the visual inspection of restored teeth becomes difficult. In this study, the fluorescent glass/ceramics fillers containing rare earth oxides — which are well-known fluorescent materials — was prepared and applied in CR to enhance visual inspection capability with small influence in color. Eu2O3-containing Y2O3 filler (Y2O3:Eu) prepared with homogeneous coprecipitaion method showed clear fluorescence at 614nm with near ultraviolet light (385nm) excitation. The fluorescence intensity of the prepared Y2O3:Eu filler increased with increase of Eu content in the Y2O3 filler upto 15mol% of Eu content. The composite resin was prepared with the mixed filler of Y2O3:Eu filler and the conventional glass filler. The content of Y2O3:Eu was varied between 0 to 40wt% of mixed filler. The prepared composite resin also showed clear fluorescence with quite small affect to the color change and the Vickers hardness of composite resin. Therefore, the prepared rare earth oxide containing Y2O3 filler was applicable as the filler of dental composite resin.
Effect of heat treatment temperature and surface roughness to the PDMS-FR4 adhesive bonding

The current work investigates the use of liquid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), with a 10:1 ratio of prepolymer:curing agent = 10:1 as the intermediate layer for adhesive bonding with Flame Retardant 4 (FR4). The spin coating of liquid PDMS on FR4 allows irreversible adhesive bonding with the solid PDMS. The strength of the proposed adhesive bonding technique has been investigated under different treatment temperatures: oven-heated at 60 °C, 70 °C, and 80 °C, cooled down in the room temperature of 25 °C, and exposed to direct sunlight at 35 °C. All the samples were left for 6 h. Investigations were conducted to analyze the effect of FR4 surface roughness on the strength and quality of the adhesive bonding. The standard procedure of American Standard Test Measurement (ASTM) D1002 was followed to verify the strength of PDMS-FR4 adhesive bonding. Strongest adhesive bonding, free from air bubbles, was obtained from a sample with smooth surface of FR4 that has undergone a cooling down treatment in the room temperature of 25 °C. FR4 was coated by solder mask to obtain smooth surface. The techniques reported in this paper are simple, straightforward, and effective to be implemented with FR4 as a base material for adhesive bonding with PDMS, thus eliminating expensive and complicated operating equipment as widely used in the oxygen plasma-assisted bonding treatment. Another benefit from this adhesive bonding technique is the fact that it avoids the use of expensive oven or hot plate.
Neurophysiological correlates of response inhibition predict relapse in detoxified alcoholic patients: some preliminary evidence from event-related potentials

Background Alcohol dependence is a chronic relapsing disease. The impairment of response inhibition and alcohol-cue reactivity are the main cognitive mechanisms that trigger relapse. Despite the interaction suggested between the two processes, they have long been investigated as two different lines of research. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction between response inhibition and alcohol-cue reactivity and their potential link with relapse. Materials and methods Event-related potentials were recorded during a variant of a “go/no-go” task. Frequent and rare stimuli (to be inhibited) were superimposed on neutral, nonalcohol-related, and alcohol-related contexts. The task was administered following a 3-week detoxification course. Relapse outcome was measured after 3 months, using self-reported abstinence. There were 27 controls (seven females) and 27 patients (seven females), among whom 13 relapsed during the 3-month follow-up period. The no-go N2, no-go P3, and the “difference” wave (P3d) were examined with the aim of linking neural correlates of response inhibition on alcohol-related contexts to the observed relapse rate. Results Results showed that 1) at the behavioral level, alcohol-dependent patients made significantly more commission errors than controls (P<0.001), independently of context; 2) through the subtraction no-go P3 minus go P3, this inhibition deficit was neurophysiologically indexed in patients with greater P3d amplitudes (P=0.034); and 3) within the patient group, increased P3d amplitude enabled us to differentiate between future relapsers and nonrelapsers (P=0.026). Conclusion Our findings suggest that recently detoxified alcoholics are characterized by poorer response-inhibition skills that demand greater neural resources. We propose that event-related potentials can be used in conjunction with behavioral data to predict relapse; this would identify patients that need a higher level of neural resources when suppressing a response is requested.
Semidefinite Programming Relaxations in Timetabling (Abstract)

Definitions In linear programming (LP), the task is to optimise a linear combination cT x subject to linear constraints Ax = b, together with the constraint that each in vector x of n variables is nonnegative. The non-negativity of x, x ∈ (R+)n, can be seen be seen as a restriction of the variables to lie in the convex cone of the positive orthant. Using interior point methods, linear programming can be solved to any fixed precision in polynomial time. These methods also work for other symmetric convex cones. Semidefinite programming (SDP, Bellman & Fan, 1963; Alizadeh, 1995; Wolkowicz, Saigal, & Vandenberghe, 2000) is a generalisation of linear programming, replacing the vector variable with a square symmetric matrix variable and the polyhedral symmetric convex cone of the positive orthant with the non-polyhedral symmetric convex cone of positive semidefinite matrices. Note that an n× n matrix, M, is positive semidefinite if and only if yT My ≥ 0 for all y ∈ Rn. As all scalar multiplies of positive semidefinite matrices and convex combinations of pairs of positive semidefinite matrices are positive semidefinite, positive semidefinite matrices do form a convex cone in Rn 2 . We denote Aર B whenever A−B is positive semidefinite, and use ⟨A,B⟩ for the inner product of matrices, which is ∑i, j Ai, jB j,i. Formally, semidefinite programming is the minimisation of ⟨C,X⟩ such that ⟨Ai,X⟩= bi ∀i = 1 . m and X ર 0, where X is a (primal) square symmetric matrix variable, C and Ai are compatible symmetric matrices, m is the number of constraints, and b ∈Rm. Let us now consider a simple model of timetabling, underlying integer programming decompositions (Burke, Mareček, Parkes, & Rudová, 2010), for instance. The input consists of identifiers of events V, distinct enrolments U (“curricula”), rooms R, and periods P, plus mapping F : U→ 2V ∖ / 0 from “curricula” to non-empty sets of events. Conflict graph G = (V,E) is given
Serum Urate and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Objective There is controversy about whether serum urate (sUA) predicts future cardiovascular disease (CVD) independently of classical risk factors, and the age at which any prediction starts. We studied the sUA-CVD association among generally healthy adults. Methods CARDIA recruited 5115 black and white individuals aged 18–30 years in 1985–1986 (year-0). Fatal and nonfatal CVD events by year 27 (n = 164) were ascertained during annual contacts and classified using medical records. The association with sUA (year-0, 10, 15 and 20) was modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression, pooling over gender-specific quartiles. Results Mean sUA concentration was higher in men than women, but increased over time in both genders. Those with elevated sUA had worse metabolic profiles that substantially deteriorated over time. Adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors (the minimal model), baseline sUA concentration was positively associated with incident CVD (hazard ratio (HR) per mg/dL = 1.21; 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.39; P = 0.005). This positive association attenuated to nonsignificance in the full model accounting simultaneously for classical CVD risk factors (HR = 1.09; 0.94, 1.27; P = 0.24). Both the minimal and full models appeared to show stronger associations (than year-0 sUA) between year-10 sUA and incident CVD (HR = 1.27 and 1.12, respectively), but sUA was not statistically significant in the full model. Despite fewer events, year-15 sUA showed a significant sUA-CVD association pattern, with minimal model association magnitude comparable to year-10, and remained significant in the full model (HR = 1.19; 1.02, 1.40; P = 0.03). Hyperuricemia at year-15 strongly predicted CVD risk (HR = 2.11; 1.34, 3.33; P = 0.001), with some attenuation in the full model (HR = 1.68; P = 0.04). Conclusions sUA may be an early biomarker for CVD in adults entering middle age. The prediction of CVD by sUA appeared to strengthen with aging. The potential complex relation of sUA with deterioration of a cluster of metabolic abnormalities warrants future exploration.
Distortional and local buckling of steel-concrete composite box-beam

Distortional and local buckling are important factors that influences the bearing capacity of steel-concrete composite box-beam. Through theoretical analysis of distortional buckling forms, a stability analysis calculation model of composite box beam considering rotation of steel beam top flange is presented. The critical bending moment calculation formula of distortional buckling is established. In addition, mechanical behaviors of a steel beam web in the negative moment zone subjected separately to bending stress, shear stress and combined stress are investigated. Elastic buckling factors of steel web under different stress conditions are calculated. On the basis of local buckling analysis results, a limiting value for height-to thickness ratio of a steel web in the elastic stage is proposed. Numerical examples are presented to verify the proposed models.
Microarray Detection of Human Parainfluenzavirus 4 Infection Associated with Respiratory Failure in an Immunocompetent Adult

Abstract A pan-viral DNA microarray, the Virochip (University of California, San Francisco), was used to detect human parainfluenzavirus 4 (HPIV-4) infection in an immunocompetent adult presenting with a life-threatening acute respiratory illness. The virus was identified in an endotracheal aspirate specimen, and the microarray results were confirmed by specific polymerase chain reaction and serological analysis for HPIV-4. Conventional clinical laboratory testing using an extensive panel of microbiological tests failed to yield a diagnosis. This case suggests that the potential severity of disease caused by HPIV-4 in adults may be greater than previously appreciated and illustrates the clinical utility of a microarray for broad-based viral pathogen screening.
Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic characteristics of the Dalabute ophiolite,Xinjiang:Comparison between the Paleo-Asian ocean and the Tethyan mantle domains.

The Paleo-Asian Ocean in northern China and the Tethys in southwestern China are the two major tectonic domains in China.Geochemical study is one of the most important issues in revealing the nature of the upper mantle and their relationship between the above two mantle domains.This paper present a systemetic study of petrology,geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic gechemistry of the basaltic rocks collected from Akebasitao and Dagun regions of Dalabute ophiolite in Western Junggar of Xinjiang.The rock show typical N-MORB and E-MORB type geochemical features,indicating that they have mid-ocean ridge environmental affinity.Their Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr=0.682112～0.706040,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd =0.512713～0.512879,e_(Nd)(t)=+ 2.8～+ 5.1, ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.341～20.085,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.541～15.651,and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.292～40.534)and representative element ratios show that they have similar compositions to that of the Tethyan mantle domain.They all have typical Indian MORB-type geochemical features,and distinct to the known Paleo-Asian Ocean mantle domain.This suggests that the Dalabute ophiolite in Xinjiang now located in the Paleo-Asian tectonic settings,show Tethyan(Indian MORB)mantle domain feature,instead of the Pacific and north Atlantic oceanic mantle domains.
On Ideal Lattices and Learning with Errors over Rings

The “learning with errors” (LWE) problem is to distinguish random linear equations, which have been perturbed by a small amount of noise, from truly uniform ones. The problem has been shown to be as hard as worst-case lattice problems, and in recent years it has served as the foundation for a plethora of cryptographic applications. Unfortunately, these applications are rather inefficient due to an inherent quadratic overhead in the use of LWE. A main open question was whether LWE and its applications could be made truly efficient by exploiting extra algebraic structure, as was done for lattice-based hash functions (and related primitives). We resolve this question in the affirmative by introducing an algebraic variant of LWE called ring-LWE, and proving that it too enjoys very strong hardness guarantees. Specifically, we show that the ring-LWE distribution is pseudorandom, assuming that worst-case problems on ideal lattices are hard for polynomial-time quantum algorithms. Applications include the first truly practical lattice-based public-key cryptosystem with an efficient security reduction; moreover, many of the other applications of LWE can be made much more efficient through the use of ring-LWE.
A case of peripheral T-cell lymphoma unspecified involving subcutaneous tissue

A 36-year-old man presented with a 3-year-old red-brown plaque with subcutaneous nodules on his left thigh. Although a similar lesion was observed on his right thigh 3 years earlier, it spontaneously disappeared 1 year later. However, the lesion on the left thigh was growing larger. Histologically, the lesion showed a diffuse and dense infiltration of atypical lymphocytes extending from the superficial dermis to the subcutaneous tissue. Severe lobular panniculitis, composed of small- and medium-sized atypical lymphocytes and large normal histiocytes, was observed in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Immunohistochemical studies revealed a post-thymic T-cell phenotype. A genetic analysis demonstrated a rearrangement of the T-cell receptor chain gene. The left skin lesion also gradually disappeared after skin biopsy without therapy, and he continues to be in remission.
Data association based ant tracking with interactive error correction

The tracking of ants in video is important for the analysis of their complex group behavior. However, the manual analysis of these videos is tedious and time consuming. Automated tracking methods tend to drift due to frequent occlusions during their interactions and similarity in appearance. Semi-automated tracking methods enable corrections of tracking errors by incorporating user interaction. Although it is much lower than manual analysis, the required user time of the existing method is still typically 23 times the actual video length. In this paper, we propose a new semi-automated method that achieves similar accuracy while reducing the user interaction time by (1) mitigating user wait time by incorporating a data association tracking method to separate the tracking from user correction, and (2) minimizing the number of candidates visualized for user during correction. This proposed method is able to reduce the user interaction time by 67% while maintaining the accuracy within 3% of the previous semi-automated method [11].
Dietary Essential Amino Acid Supplements Increase Bone Strength by Influencing Bone Mass and Bone Microarchitecture in Ovariectomized Adult Rats Fed an Isocaloric Low‐Protein Diet

This study was designed to investigate whether the administration of dietary essential amino acid supplements in adult rats made osteoporotic by estrogen deficiency and reduced protein intake could reverse the deleterious effects caused by these maneuvers. This animal model was selected to mimic the situation observed in elderly women in whom estrogen deficiency and/or low‐protein intake (but also calcium and vitamin D deficiency) are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Six‐month‐old rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and fed an isocaloric 2.5% casein diet for 10 weeks or sham‐operated (SHAM) and fed an isocaloric 15% casein diet. The animals fed the 2.5% casein diet were given isocaloric supplements of essential amino acids in similar relative proportion to that of casein at doses of 2.5% or 5% of total diet for an additional 16 weeks. Vertebrae, femur, and tibia bone mineral density (BMD); ultimate strength; and microtomographic histomorphometry were evaluated before and after dietary essential amino acid supplements. Essential amino acid supplements increased vertebrae, femur, and tibia bone strength in OVX rats fed a low‐protein diet. The mechanical changes induced by this dietary isocaloric supplement were associated with the prevention of a further BMD decrease or even with some increases and changes in microarchitecture such as from a rod to a plate trabecular spacial configuration and increased cortical thickness. Higher insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) I levels, as well as greater bone formation and reduced bone resorption as assessed by biochemical markers of bone remodeling, were found in rats receiving essential amino acid supplements. In conclusion, dietary essential amino acid supplements increased bone strength through modifications of BMD, trabecular architecture, and cortical thickness possibly by an IGF‐I‐mediated process.
Effect of Warm Pre-Stress on Highly Irradiated Pressure Vessel Steel

The effect of warm pre-stress (WPS) is well known on cleavage fracture resistance of ferritic steels and has been confirmed on numerous tests on non irradiated materials. Theoretical knowledge let expect that this effect occurs by the same way on irradiated material but has to be demonstrated with experiments in such conditions. An experimental program has been conducted by EDF in Chinon hot cell laboratory on two RPV steels irradiated up to a fluence of 6,5*1019 n/cm2.The ½ TCT specimens (CT12.5) used in this programme have been irradiated in the capsules of the EDF RPV surveillance program of two PWR reactors. Different types of WPS loading path have been applied to cover typical postulated accidental transients. The results confirmed the effect on WPS on the cleavage fracture resistance of the irradiated materials. No fracture occurred during the cooling phase of the loading path and the fracture toughness values are higher than that measured with conventional isothermal tests.The analyses of the experiments have been conducted based on use of simplified engineering models and more refined fracture models based on local approach to cleavage fracture. These analyses are in agreement with the experimental results.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Document Structure Integrity: A Robust Basis for Cross-site Scripting Defense

Cross-site scripting (or XSS) has been the most dominant class of web vulnerabilities in 2007. The main underlying reason for XSS vulnerabilities is that web markup and client-side languages do not provide principled mechanisms to ensure secure, ground-up isolation of user-generated data in web application code. In this paper, we develop a new approach that combines randomization of web application code and runtime tracking of untrusted data both on the server and the browser to combat XSS attacks. Our technique ensures a fundamental integrity property that prevents untrusted data from altering the structure of trusted code throughout the execution lifetime of the web application. We call this property document structure integrity (or DSI). Similar to prepared statements in SQL, DSI enforcement ensures automatic syntactic isolation of inline usergenerated data at the parser-level. This forms the basis for confinement of untrusted data in the web browser based on a server-specified policy. We propose a client-server architecture that enforces document structure integrity in a way that can be implemented in current browsers with a minimal impact to compatibility and that requires minimal effort from the web developer. We implemented a proof-of-concept and demonstrated that such DSI enforcement with a simple default policy is sufficient to defeat over 98% of 5,328 real-world reflected XSS vulnerabilities documented in 2007, with very low performance overhead both on the client and server.
Region abstraction for event tracking in wireless sensor networks

It is often necessary to track objects or events that gather as a large group, such as a school of fishes, or that do not have a rigid shape, such as forest fires and toxic gas. Their aggregate features, such as shape, area, moving direction, and speed are often queried. These objects or events often exhibit interesting behavior, such as splitting into multiple groups or merging into a single group. In this paper, we discuss the use of wireless sensor networks to track such events. A framework, CLOUD, is proposed, which constructs a collective structure over every region covered by the events to collect and aggregate related information. CLOUD is evaluated by simulations in NS2. The results show that CLOUD can effectively reduce bandwidth consumption in tracking such events while conserve energy.