Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Induced current magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography of brain tissues based on the J-substitution algorithm: a simulation study

We have investigated induced current magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (IC-MREIT) by means of computer simulations. The J-substitution algorithm was implemented to solve the IC-MREIT reconstruction problem. By providing physical insight into the charge accumulating on the interfaces, the convergence characteristics of the reconstruction algorithm were analyzed. The simulation results conducted on different objects were well correlated with the proposed theoretical analysis. The feasibility of IC-MREIT to reconstruct the conductivity distribution of head–brain tissues was also examined in computer simulations using a multi-compartment realistic head model. The present simulation results suggest that IC-MREIT may have the potential to become a useful conductivity imaging technique.
Characteristics of unscheduled emergency department return visit patients within 48 hours in Thammasat University Hospital.

BACKGROUND Auditing the return visit charts of patients who returned within 48 hours is a very important method of quality assurance. Several factors can be possible causes of unscheduled emergency return visits. Therefore, identifying these factors is critical to decreasing the number of unnecessary visits in this group. OBJECTIVE To determine rate, common initial presentation and cause of unscheduled emergency department return visits within 48 hours at Thammasat University Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD The present study design involves retrospective observational study of patients who returned to the Emergency department (ED) within 48 hours after being discharged from the ED. Data was collected from August 1, 2009 to July 31, 2010. Patient age, gender triage level, patient-in time, patient-out time, length of stay, chief complaint, first and second visit diagnoses and disposition after second visit were recorded by chart review. The factors and causes of revisits were classified by the author as illness-related, patient-related, doctor-related and/or healthcare system-related. RESULTS A total of 307 (0.92%) patients returned visit to the ED within 48 hours during August 1, 2009 to July 31, 2010. The most common chief complaint were dyspnea (75 cases or 24.4%), abdominal pain (53 cases or 17.3%), bleeding per vagina (28 cases or 9.1%). The rates of revisit that were related to factors of illness, patients, doctors and healthcare system were 60.6, 8.5, 28.3 and 2.6, respectively. Chi-squared was used for categorical data. CONCLUSION Unscheduled ED return visit patients represent high risk patients. Patients in this group are associated with various factors. The present study indicates that the most common factor behind return visits were illness-related. Illness-related and patient-related factors were significantly associated with discharged patient. Observational units could reduce unnecessary return visit in this group. Doctor-related and healthcare-related factors were significantly associated with admitted return visit patients. Emergency physician training system and guideline implementation for doctors could reduce unexpected early discharge in this group.
Effect of Individualized, Nonindividualized, and Package Intervention Strategies on Karate Performance

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effectiveness of different types of mental intervention procedures on karate performance. Subjects were 43 male volunteer students enrolled in self-defense classes at a university. They were randomly assigned to one of five conditions: individualized, nonindividualized, package, placebo control, and control. Karate performance evaluations (i.e., skill, combinations, sparring) were administered during the 5th (baseline), 10th, and 15th weeks of classes. All experimental groups received handouts, mini-strategies, manipulation checks, and interviews to aid them in their practice and training of their mental strategies. Thus, over the 10-week period, subjects spent a minimum of 17 hours practicing their cognitive strategies. Data were analyzed by a series of 5 x 2 (treatment X trials) multivariate analyses of variance. Results indicated that the individualized and package groups performed significantly better than all other groups on the karate per.
The preprocessing of retinal images for the detection of fluorescein leakage

Images of the human retina are routinely used in clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of eye disease. Increased permeability of retinal blood vessels, which is a clinically significant feature, can be visualized with a process known as fluorescein angiography as leakage of fluorescence dye into the surrounding tissues. Analyses of such images can be quantified but significant degradation of images due to uneven illumination or occluded optical pathways is often incurred during image capture. We describe a procedure to restore fluorescein angiographic retinal images so that quantitative computation can be reliably performed. Analysis of the image acquisition system reveals that captured images are composed of two functions, one describing the true underlying image and the other the degradation incurred. These two functions are independent of one another and it is possible to estimate the degradation from an isolated captured image and restore it appropriately. Any leakage of fluorescein dye is then detected by analysing the restored angiographic sequence over time and finding areas of the image that do not have the usual decrease in fluorescence intensity.
Spatial modulation using analog phase shifters

In this paper, we propose an analog phase shifter aided spatial modulation scheme. The proposed scheme is able to send more spatial symbols than conventional spatial modulation (SM), while reserving the low complexity of single RF-chain MIMO structure. The main idea is to transmit Nt different phase-shifted copies of the digitally modulated signal through Nt antennas. In each time slot, the transmitted information bits are divided into two groups. The first group of the bits are mapped to the analog phase modulated symbol. The second group of the bits are mapped to the spatial symbol, which determines the phase shift of each antenna. We further study the optimization of transmit codebook in two steps, i.e., generate the optimal spatial codebook according to Grassmannian line packing criterion, and find the optimal tradeoff between the size of signal codebook and the size of spatial codebook. Theoretical and numerical studies show that the proposed scheme has better performance than conventional SM with the same number of transmit antennas.
Can Infant Cognitive Psychology Be Helpful in Understanding Learning Processes

Since teaching and learning has become a major economic activity of modern society, different learning models can be considered in order to increase its effectiveness and efficiency. For a long time infant cognitive psychology was influenced by nativist theories and, thus, early learning has been underestimated and insufficiently studied. However, in recent years, infant psychology has described developmental sequences, learning situations, and social mechanisms that influence development. Thus, infant psychology appears again to be developmental. Since infant learning is fast and efficient, this paper proposes that it can be considered as a model for teaching and learning in older children and adults. Some examples of early acquired knowledge and some acquisition situations are presented. Conversely, some examples of later failures are exposed. The relevant theoretical contexts are discussed. The consequences of learning mechanisms observed in infants for pedagogy are considered.
Ethical management of substance use disorders: the Indian scenario.

Substance use disorders are among the most prevalent and emergent public health problems in India. The treatment of individuals with these disorders is associated with many ethical dilemmas. Due to the pervasiveness of substance use disorders, the majority of mental health professionals working in the area of addiction medicine face several ethical dilemmas. When discussing substance use disorders, it must be borne in mind that there are important differences between India and the western countries in terms of the social and cultural aspects, as well as the legislative framework and healthcare delivery system. In this paper, we discuss the common ethical dilemmas that practitioners of addiction medicine face when dealing with patients with substance use disorders. We use the principlist approach defined by the four ethics principles - autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice - to deliberate upon these dilemmas and how they may be resolved. Further, we emphasise the need to sensitise practitioners to the importance of giving due consideration to the ethical aspects in their clinical work.
Guest Editors’ Introduction Reviving Tradition: Virtue and the Common Good in Business and Management

ABSTRACT: Virtue ethics, the authors believe, is distinct and superior to other options because it considers, in the first place, which preferences are worth pursuing, rather than just blindly maximizing preferences, and it takes into account intuitions, emotions and experience, instead of acting solely on abstract universal principles. Moreover, virtue ethics is seen as firmly rooted in human biology and psychology, particularly in our freedom, rationality, and sociability. Work, business, and management are presented as vital areas for the development of virtues, not the least with a view to human flourishing. We conclude by introducing the articles included in this special issue.
Locating women board members in gendered director networks

Purpose – Despite the extensive study of director interlocks very little is known about gendered director networks. Boards of directors are primarily male; globally, only 5‐20 per cent of directors are women and change is described as glacially slow. The extent to which women directors are central to the network, or pushed to the margins, is unknown. Using the tools of social network analysis we extract the components of three director networks, a global and two national networks and locate the women directors. The paper aims to examine the persistence of director networks over time to determine whether gender related differences – apart from size – contribute to the apparent resistance to change.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a longitudinal approach, comparing director networks on a global network scale (2004 and 2007 Fortune Global 200) and a national one (2004 and 2007 New Zealand Stock Exchange) with the iconic 1999 Fortune US 1000 dataset. After extracting the largest connected componen.
Coexistence in Field Samples of Two Variants of the Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus: A Putative Shift to Pathogenicity

Genetic reassortment plays an important role in the evolution of several segmented RNA viruses and in the epidemiology of their associated diseases. In particular, orthomyxoviruses show rapid fluctuation in the proportion of viral variants coexisting in an infected individual, especially under strong selective pressure. This is particularly relevant in salmon production carried out under confined and stressful conditions where one of the most feared pathogenic agents is the Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus, an orthomyxovirus family member whose biological behavior is only recently beginning to be understood. Pathogenicity of the virus has been mainly associated with deletions of the HPR region in coding segment 6 and the presence or absence of a specific insertion in a key region in coding segment 5. In this study we report, for the first time in Chile, the coexistence of two variants in fully asymptomatic fish. Of five samples analyzed, two were identified as the non-pathogenic variant, HPR0, and two as the highly pathogenic HPR7b variant, though with no clinical signs detectable in the fish. Interestingly, one of the samples unequivocally carried both variants, again without any clinical signs. Considering that in none of the samples the typical insertion in coding segment 5 was detected, it is our impression that this may represent a shift from the non-pathogenic HPR0 variant towards the highly infective HPR7b variant. If this were the case, the transition may be triggered first by deleting the corresponding sequence of the HPR region of segment 6, followed by the putative insertion in segment 5 to generate a virulent strain.
Fast and efficient QTL mapper for thousands of molecular phenotypes

Motivation In order to discover quantitative trait loci (QTLs), multi-dimensional genomic data sets combining DNA-seq and ChiP-/RNA-seq require methods that rapidly correlate tens of thousands of molecular phenotypes with millions of genetic variants while appropriately controlling for multiple testing. Results We have developed FastQTL, a method that implements a popular cis-QTL mapping strategy in a user- and cluster-friendly tool. FastQTL also proposes an efficient permutation procedure to control for multiple testing. The outcome of permutations is modeled using beta distributions trained from a few permutations and from which adjusted p-values can be estimated at any level of significance with little computational cost. The Geuvadis & GTEx pilot data sets can be now easily analyzed an order of magnitude faster than previous approaches. Availability Source code, binaries and comprehensive documentation of FastQTL are freely available to download at http://fastqtl.sourceforge. net/. Contact olivier.delaneau@unige.ch
Involvement of glutamic acid 278 in the redox reaction of the cytochrome c oxidase from Paracoccus denitrificans investigated by FTIR spectroscopy.

The molecular processes concomitant with the redox reactions of wild-type and mutant cytochrome c oxidase from Paracoccus denitrificans were analyzed by a combination of protein electrochemistry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy. Oxidized-minus-reduced FTIR difference spectra in the mid-infrared (4000-1000 cm-1) reflecting full or stepwise oxidation and reduction of the respective cofactor(s) were obtained. In the 1800-1000 cm-1 range, these FTIR difference spectra reflect changes of the polypeptide backbone geometry in the amide I (ca. 1620-1680 cm-1) and amide II (ca. 1560-1540 cm-1) region in response to the redox transition of the cofactor(s). In addition, several modes in the 1600-1200 cm-1 range can be tentatively attributed to heme modes. A peak at 1746 cm-1 associated with the oxidized form and a peak at 1734 cm-1 associated with the reduced form were previously discussed by us as proton transfer between Asp or Glu side chain modes in the course of the redox reaction of the enzyme [Hellwig, P., Rost, B. , Kaiser, U. , Ostermeier, C. , Michel, H. , and Mäntele, W. (1996) FEBS Lett. 385, 53-57]. These signals were resolved into several components associated with the oxidation of different cofactors. For a stepwise potential titration from the fully reduced state (-0.5 V) to the fully oxidized state (+0.5 V), a small component at 1738 cm-1 develops in the potential range of approximately +0.15 V and disappears at more positive potentials while the main component at 1746 cm-1 appears in the range of approximately +0.20 V (all potentials quoted vs Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl). This observation clearly indicates two different ionizable residues involved in redox-induced proton transfer. The major component at 1746 cm-1 is completely lost in the FTIR difference spectra of the Glu 278 Gln mutant enzyme. In the spectrum of the subunit I Glu 278 Asp mutant enzyme, the major component of the discussed difference band is lost. In contrast, the complete difference signal of the wild-type enzyme is preserved in the Asp 124 Asn, Asp 124 Ser, and Asp 399 Asn variants, which are critical residues in the discussed proton pump channel as suggested from structure and mutagenesis experiments. On the basis of these difference spectra of mutants, we present further evidence that glutamic acid 278 in subunit I is a crucial residue for the redox reaction. Potential titrations performed simultaneously for the IR and for the UV/VIS indicate that the signal related to Glu 278 is coupled to the electron transfer to/from heme a; however, additional involvement of CuB electron transfer cannot be excluded.
Basal metabolic rate studies in humans: measurement and development of new equations.

OBJECTIVE To facilitate the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University Joint (FAO/WHO/UNU) Expert Consultation on Energy and Protein Requirements which met in Rome in 1981, Schofield et al. reviewed the literature and produced predictive equations for both sexes for the following ages: 0-3, 3-10, 10-18, 18-30, 30-60 and >60 years. These formed the basis for the equations used in 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU document, Energy and Protein Requirements. While Schofield's analysis has served a significant role in re-establishing the importance of using basal metabolic rate (BMR) to predict human energy requirements, recent workers have subsequently queried the universal validity and application of these equations. A survey of the most recent studies (1980-2000) in BMR suggests that in most cases the current FAO/WHO/UNU predictive equations overestimate BMR in many communities. The FAO/WHO/UNU equations to predict BMR were developed using a database that contained a disproportionate number--3388 out of 7173 (47%)--of Italian subjects. The Schofield database contained relatively few subjects from the tropical region. The objective here is to review the historical development in the measurement and application of BMR and to critically review the Schofield et al. BMR database presenting a series of new equations to predict BMR. DESIGN This division, while arbitrary, will enable readers who wish to omit the historical review of BMR to concentrate on the evolution of the new BMR equations. SETTING BMR data collected from published and measured values. SUBJECTS A series of new equations (Oxford equations) have been developed using a data set of 10,552 BMR values that (1) excluded all the Italian subjects and (2) included a much larger number (4018) of people from the tropics. RESULTS In general, the Oxford equations tend to produce lower BMR values than the current FAO/WHO/UNU equations in 18-30 and 30-60 year old males and in all females over 18 years of age. CONCLUSIONS This is an opportune moment to re-examine the role and place of BMR measurements in estimating total energy requirements today. The Oxford equations' future use and application will surely depend on their ability to predict more accurately the BMR in contemporary populations.
The Impact of Intergroup Emotions on Forgiveness in Northern Ireland

Although prejudice researchers have mainly focused their attention on changing attitudes toward outgroups, other outcome variables may also be important. In post-conflict reconciliation, intergroup forgiveness may play a crucial role in helping groups in conflict put the atrocities of the past behind them (Cairns, Tam, Hewstone, & Niens, 2005). Two studies showed that both the specific intergroup emotion of anger and infrahumanization (the attribution of more human emotions to the ingroup than to the outgroup) predicted decreased intergroup forgiveness in Northern Ireland. Results further revealed intergroup contact as a potential means of reducing anger toward the outgroup and improving attitudes toward them. This research integrated prior interpersonal theory with intergroup literature to examine the concept of intergroup forgiveness and its predictors. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for reconciliation in conflict societies.
Caveolins in glial cell model systems: from detection to significance

Glial cells prevail in number and in diversity of cellular phenotypes in the nervous system. They have also gained prominence due to their multiple physiological and pathophysiological roles. Our current knowledge of the asymmetry and heterogeneity of the plasma membrane demands an in depth analysis of the diverse array of membrane microdomains postulated to exist in the context of glial cells. This review focuses and analyzes the studies reported to date on the detection of caveolae membrane rafts and the caveolin family members in glial cell model systems, the conditions leading to changes in their level of expression, and their functional and clinical significance. Outstanding in this work emerge the ubiquitous expression of caveolins, including the typically regarded ‘muscle‐specific’ cav3, in diverse glial cell model systems, their participation in reactive astrogliosis, cancer, and their key relevance to calcium signaling. The knowledge obtained to date demands incorporation of the caveolins and caveolae membrane rafts in our current models on the role of glial cells in heath and neurological disease.
Social Networking and the Social and Emotional Wellbeing of Adolescents in Australia

Technology and social networking tools and sites are changing the way young people build and maintain their social connections with others (Boyd & Ellison, 2008). This study utilised a new measure, The Self in a Social Context, Virtual Connectedness subscale (SSC-VC subscale), to examine the effects of social networking tools and sites on social and emotional wellbeing among 1,037 Australian young people aged 11–18 years. A maximum likelihood factor analysis identified three strong factors: Fit In (α = .81), Public Self (α = .79) and Connected Self (α = .83). Significant main effects were revealed for the number of times students checked their Facebook F(12, 2415) = 13.8, p < . 001, and for gender, F(3, 913) = 10.8, p < . 001, but no interaction effect was found. Univariate tests also revealed a significant difference for Frequency of checking Facebook, F(4, 915), = 4.98, and for Gender, F(1, 915), = 46.92, p < . 001 on the dependent variable of Emotional Difficulties. These findings suggest that social networking sites, though used differently by males and females, provide an important forum for building social connections across groups.
Emotional Attachments for Story Construction in Virtual Game Worlds

In the virtual game world prototype World of Minds that uses the Mind Module, a semi-autonomous agent architecture, the notion of sentiments, or emotional attachments between objects, is what constitutes the deep structure in the game world. In this paper a play test is presented where sentiments are instantiated in three dierent ways; randomly, by choice of the player and through interaction. The test indicates that the sentiments that are instantiated through interaction between entities in the world are those that create meaning for they players of a quality that would be useful for the co-creation of narrative potential in virtual game worlds.
Blind adaptive detection for asynchronous CDMA systems

The application and performance of a blind adaptive algorithm in a DS-CDMA communication system is considered. The proposed blind algorithm is a stochastic gradient-based algorithm derived from the standard least mean square (LMS) adaptation algorithm. The algorithm is blind in the sense that information of other users such as the timing, channel information and not required. We demonstrate the convergence of the blind algorithm in the mean square error (MSE) sense and derive its steady state MSE. The bit error rate (BER) and MSE performance of the proposed blind algorithm in an asynchronous system are presented.