Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphology of the teleost ampullary organs in marine salmontail catfish Neoarius graeffei (Pisces: Ariidae) with comparative analysis to freshwater and estuarine conspecifics

We hypothesized that due to the relative conductivity of the environment, and to maintain sensory function, ampullary organs of marine Neoarius graeffei would differ morphologically from those described previously for estuarine and freshwater conspecifics. Unlike the ampullary systems of N. graeffei from freshwater and estuarine habitats, the ampullary pores of marine specimens occur in two distinct patterns; numerous pores seemingly randomly scattered on the head and ventro‐lateral regions of the body, and pores arranged in distinctive vertical lines above the lateral line on the dorso‐lateral body of the fish. Light and electron microscopy revealed that the ampullary organs also differed morphologically from estuarine and freshwater specimens in the presence of longer ampullary canals, a hitherto unreported canal wall composition, and in the collagen sheath surrounding both the canal and the ampulla proper within dermal connective tissues. Ampullary pores were wider in marine individuals and opened to the longest ampullary canals reported for this species. The canal wall was lined by cuboidal and squamous epithelial cells. Each ampullary canal opened into a single ampulla proper containing significantly more receptor cells than estuarine and freshwater conspecifics. The distribution of ampullary pores as well as the microstructure of the ampullary organs indicates that the electrosensory system of marine N. graeffei differs from those of estuarine and freshwater specimens in ways that would be expected to maintain the functionality of the system in a highly conductive, fully marine environment, and reveals the remarkable plasticity of this species’ ampullary system in response to habitat conductivity. J. Morphol. 276:1047–1054, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reducing Inconsistency in Data Warehouses

A data warehouse is a repository of data formed of a collection of data extracted from different and possible heterogeneous sources (e.g., databases or files). One of the main problems in integrating databases into a common repository is the possible inconsistency of the values stored in them, i.e., the very same term may have different values, due to misspelling, a permuted word order, spelling variants and so on. In this paper, we present an automatic method for reducing inconsistency found in existing databases, and thus, improving data quality. All the values that refer to a same term are clustered by measuring their degree of similarity. The clustered values can be assigned to a common value that, in principle, could substitute the original values. Thus, the values are uniformed. The method we propose provides good results with a considerably low error rate.
Guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis

Level 1: Evidence obtained from systematic reviews of all relevant randomized controlled trials. Level 2: Evidence derived from at least one properly designed randomized controlled trial. Level 3: Evidence from a well-designed control trial without randomization; or from well-designed cohort or case–control analytical studies; preferably from more than one center or research group; or from multiple time series with or without intervention. Level 4: Opinions of respected authorities based on clinical experience, descriptive studies or reports of expert committees.This level signifies the need for further research. The final document was prepared and submitted to the Secretary General of OMGE for final scrutiny prior to publication for the World Congress of Gastroenterology. At the congress the recommendations were presented and questions and comments noted. These comments were incorporated into the final guidelines where appropriate.
Automated Protocol Analysis

Over the past 8 years, The TextLab Research Group within the Department of Computer Science at the University of North Carolina has developed a collection of tools and techniques for recording users' interactions with graphics-based direct manipulation computer systems in machine-readable form and for automatically analyzing and displaying those data. This article describes these tools, discusses their methodological context, and considers their implications for software design and studies of human-computer interaction. Tools discussed include the following: tracking users' behaviors and producing a machine-recorded protocol at the level of users' actions, replaying users' sessions from the protocol data, modeling users' strategies using formal cognitive grammars, analyzing user sessions by parsing them with the grammars, and displaying results in visual form-both static and animated--to facilitate interpretation and understanding by researchers. These tools are placed in a methodological context by reviewing issues associated with concurrent think-aloud, keystroke, X-Windows, and video protocols; other support systems for working with these forms of protocol data are also reviewed. The discussion concludes with our reflections on the methodology and its application to computer systems and research objectives different from our own.
Involvement of A 1 adenosine receptors in altered vascular responses and inflammation in an allergic mouse model of asthma

Dovenia S. Ponnoth, Ahmed Nadeem, Stephen Tilley, and S. Jamal Mustafa Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Mirrobot: Fast Detection of Body-Parts in the Scale-Space of Range Images with an Application to Human Motion Copying

In this paper we present a novel approach to fast detection of human body-parts that relates the idea of scale-space to range images. The resulting method is a pre-detector that extracts end-points at different scales that may correspond to the human's head or hands. The method is aimed to initialize more sophisticated human kinematics estimators and can be enhanced with known face or hand detectors based on color or grey-level imaging sensors. We apply our approach to the human motion copying problem (mimicking) and report on a set-up shown on two fairs in Germany in 2006. In the set-up an android robot is used to mimic observed human upper torso movements. We conclude by discussing results and point to further work
Nicotinic acid: clinical considerations

Introduction: Nicotinic acid (NA), the oldest hypolipidemic drug, possesses unique broad-spectrum beneficial effects on lipid profiles. Specifically, NA reduces both triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, while significantly increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, NA is often avoided in the clinical setting, or prematurely discontinued by the provider or patient, due to side effects that could possibly be prevented (flushing, gastrointestinal disorders) or that are feared out of proportion to their true incidence rate (hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia). Areas covered: This article reviews NA's side effects, along with a number of old and new strategies to reduce their incidence, especially flushing. The aim of this paper is to provide a useful clinical guide to the administration of NA in dyslipidemic patients. Expert opinion: An important number of side effects affects compliance and restricts NA's clinical use. NA-induced flushing is the most restricting side effect, accounting for the majority of NA therapy discontinuations. In addition, gastrointestinal side effects, hyperuricemia, deterioration of glycemic profile, or even new-onset diabetes discourage therapy consecution. Aspirin pretreatment, considered selection and proper counseling of patients, and regular monitoring of liver aminotransferases, creatine kinase, serum uric acid levels, and glycemic profiles can reduce NA's side effect rate and improve compliance.
The relationship between experiences of discrimination and mental health among lesbians and gay men: An examination of internalized homonegativity and rejection sensitivity as potential mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE The current study used path analysis to examine potential mechanisms through which experiences of discrimination influence depressive and social anxiety symptoms. METHOD The sample included 218 lesbians and 249 gay men (total N = 467) who participated in an online survey about minority stress and mental health. The proposed model included 2 potential mediators-internalized homonegativity and rejection sensitivity-as well as a culturally relevant antecedent to experiences of discrimination-childhood gender nonconformity. RESULTS Results indicated that the data fit the model well, supporting the mediating roles of internalized homonegativity and rejection sensitivity in the associations between experiences of discrimination and symptoms of depression and social anxiety. Results also supported the role of childhood gender nonconformity as an antecedent to experiences of discrimination. Although there were not significant gender differences in the overall model fit, some of the associations within the model were significantly stronger for gay men than lesbians. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest potential mechanisms through which experiences of discrimination influence well-being among sexual minorities, which has important implications for research and clinical practice with these populations.
Retroviral Gene Expression in Spermatogonial Stem Cells during Long-term Culture

The spermatogonial stem cell (SSCs) is unique in that it is the only cell in the adult male that can contribute genes to a subsequent generation. Permanent modification of the germ cell line may be realized if stem cells could be cultured, transfected with unique genes, and then transplanted into recipient testes. We developed a culture system that supported long-term viability of SSCs. We used a retrovirus vector (pMSCV including β-galactosidase) to stably transfect spermatogonia following long-term culture using the system developed. Expression of the reporter gene β-galactosidase controlled by the retroviral vector was stable in long-term cultured SSCs. We confirmed the retroviral-mediated β-galactsidase gene could be expressed in germ cells in recipient mice following SSCs transplantation.
The prehensile movements of the human hand.

1. The prehensile movements of the hand as a whole are analysed from both an anatomical anda functional viewpoint. 2. It is shown that movements of the hand consist of two basic patterns of movements which are termed precision grip and power grip. 3. In precision grip the object is pinched between the flexor aspects of the fingers and that of the opposing thumb. 4. In power grip the object is held as in a clamp between the flexed fingers and the palm, counter pressure being applied by the thumb lying more or less in the plane of the palm. 5. These two patterns appear to cover the whole range of prehensile activity of the human hand.
Effects of Layer Double Hydroxide Nanoclays on the Toxicity of Copper to Daphnia Magna

Nanoparticles may affect secondary pollutants such as copper. Layer Double Hydroxides (LDH) are synthetically produced nanoparticles that adsorb copper via cation exchange. Pretreatment of copper test solutions with LDH nanoparticles followed by filtration removal of LDH nanoparticles demonstrated the smallest LDH aggregates removed the most copper toxicity. This was due to increased surface area for cation exchange relative to larger particle aggregates. Co-exposure tests of copper chloride and clay were run to determine if smaller clay particles increased copper uptake by D. magna. Coexposure treatments had lower LC50 values compared to the filtration tests, likely as a result of additive toxicity. LDH nanoclays do reduce copper toxicity in Daphnia magna and may serve as a remediation tool.
Characteristics of On-Time and Late Reward Delivery Projects

The crowdfunding market size has increased exponentially, reaching tens of billions of dollars and showing the popularity of crowdfunding. However, according to Kickstarter, 35% backers did not receive rewards on time. To maintain the trust between creators and backers, and sustain the crowdfunding business growth, it is crucial to understand how on-time and late reward delivery projects are different. In this paper, we analyze characteristics of on-time and late reward delivery projects, especially, focusing on project descriptions, creator profiles, and activeness and linguistic patterns of creators and backers. Our analysis reveals that the less complicated a project is and more actively a creator responds to backers, the higher an on-time reward delivery probability is. It shows there are significant differences between on-time and late reward delivery projects.
Feature descriptor based on local intensity order relations of pixel group

Robust image features are essential in building effective image recognition engines. These features can be constructed according to various principles, such the distribution of local gradients (Histogram of Oriented Gradients, HOG), the relationship between two pixels (Local Binary Descriptors, LBD), or local intensity order statistics (Local Intensity Order Patterns, LIOP). Because the feature dimension grows quickly as one considers the ordering relations of a group of N (N>2) pixels, few researchers have exploited local order statistics among a pixel set to define an image feature. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to construct a feature descriptor using local intensity order relations (LIOR) in a pixel group. In contrast to LIOP where the feature dimension increases drastically with the number of elements in a set, the size of LIOR is manageable. Moreover, LIOR ensures the stability of ordering by encoding the intensity differences as weights. Two different strategies for assigning the weights have been devised and tested. Experimental results indicate that the proposed methods yield better or comparable performance for different types of image degradation when compared to the original LIOP. Additionally, the storage requirement is significantly lower when the number of pixels in a group increases.
A New Species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the Northern Myotis, Myotis septentrionalis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), in Oklahoma

Abstract: During September 2004, 4 adult northern myotis, Myotis septentrionalis, were collected from LeFlore County, Oklahoma (n = 2), and Logan (n = 1) and Yell (n = 1) counties, Arkansas, and their feces examined for coccidian parasites. Three of 4 bats (75%) were passing oocysts of Eimeria spp. Oocysts of Eimeria tumlisoni n. sp. were subspherical, 17.6 × 16.8 (16–19 × 14–18) µm with a shape index of 1.0 (1.0–1.1). A micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, although 1–2 bilobed polar granules were often present. Sporocysts were ovoidal, 10.5 × 5.9 (9–12 × 5–7) µm with a shape index of 1.8 (1.6–2.0). A Stieda body was present, but substieda and parastieda bodies were absent. A sporocyst residuum was present consisting of compact to dispersed granules between the sporozoites. The sporozoites were elongate, with subspherical anterior refractile body and spherical posterior refractile body; a nucleus was not discernable. This is the second coccidian reported from this host and the first instance of a bat coccidian reported from Oklahoma. We also document a new geographic record for Eimeria catronensis in Oklahoma and provide an emended description.
Controlled Chain Branching by RAFT-Based Radical Polymerization

Styrene radical polymerization was carried out in the presence of a polymerizable dithioester, benzyl 4-vinyldithiobenzoate, which possesses a dithioester group and a polymerizable double bond. Branched polystyrene was formed during the polymerization, as indicated by multimodal GPC curves of the products. The branched polystyrene contains a dithiobenzoate C(dS)S moiety at each branch point and thus can be analyzed by cleavage with amine. After cleavage, the GPC profiles became narrow. The molecular weight of the cleaved product increased linearly with monomer conversion, illustrating a living fashion of the polymerization. Solution property obtained by simultaneous online measurements of viscosity and light scattering indicates that the viscosity of the branched product decreased remarkably as compared to the linear polystyrene of equivalent molecular weight. The copolymerization behavior of styrene and benzyl 4-vinyldithiobenzoate was investigated by FT-IR monitoring during the polymerization. The results show that the latter was incorporated homogeneously into polystyrene chain. Therefore, branched polystyrene was synthesized with controlled architecture in the light of the length and narrow distribution of primary chains as well as the degree and the distribution of branching along the polymer chain.
Differential evolution based dynamic decomposed strategy for solution of large practical economic dispatch

This paper presents an Improved Parallel Differential Evolution (IPDE) optimization algorithm based dynamic decomposed strategy to solving large economic dispatch (ED) with consideration of practical generators constraints. The migration operation inspired from Biogeography-based Optimization algorithm (BBO) is newly introduced in the parallel DE approach, thereby can effectively explore and exploit promising regions in a search space by creating dynamically new efficient partitions. This new mechanism based migration between individuals from different subsystems makes to react more by exchanging experiences. The algorithm is applied to large electrical network test system, 40 thermal units with non-smooth cost function. The simulation results compared with the other recent techniques. From the different case studies, it is observed that the proposed approach improves the performances of the standard Differential Evolution algorithm (DE) and gives results with qualitative solution and less computational time.
Social Persuasive Education Cloud Model - a Case Study

The cloud based smart classroom helps in teaching, learning and assessment methods. This paper proposes taxonomy of each education system processes namely teaching, learning, assessment and school management prevalent presently with underlying communication process based on social support and persuasive theories. Learning and Teaching Expo of Hong Kong during December 2014 helped to test the propositions that education cloud provides social support (P1), persuasive support (P2) and social persuasive support (P3) and to come up with the taxonomy of education cloud and processes involved. This case study was done by visiting the expo, seeing demonstrations, interviewing the educational product providers and analyzing secondary data provided by them through pamphlets and websites. The designed taxonomy will help all stakeholders of educational institutions to classify the education cloud environment. The stakeholders could consider the features that meet their needs and implement the educational processes efficiently.
An Efficient Approach for Supervised Learning Algorithms Using Different Data Mining Tools for Spam Categorization

Spam is the major problem and a big challenge for researcher to reduce spam. Spam is commonly defined as unsolicited email messages and the goal of spam categorization is to distinguish between spam and legitimate email messages. This paper shows classification of spam mail and solving various problems is related to web space. This paper also shows measures parameter which are helpful for reduce the spam or junk mail. Many machine learning algorithm are using to classified the spam and legitimate mail. This paper proposes the best classifier and better classification approach using different data mining tools using bench mark dataset. The dataset consist of 9324 records and 500 attributes used for (training and testing) to build the model. In this paper, a procedure that can help eliminate unsolicited commercial e-mail, viruses, Trojans, and worms, as well as frauds perpetrated electronically and other undesired and troublesome e-mail. This paper shows analyzing of different supervised classifiers technique using different data mining tools such as Weka, Rapid Miner, and Support Vector Machine. This paper shows Weka data mining tool give highest accuracy over different data mining tools.
Neodolichodorus australis n.sp. (nematoda: Dolichodoridae) on carrot in Australia

Neodolichodorus australis n.sp. is described from Australia. It was associated with damage to a carrot crop at Narrandera, NSW. This is the first time the genus has been recorded on carrot or damaging an economic crop. At least three other species are known from Australia, mostly from native vegetation, and another from sand dune vegetation in New Zealand. Neodolichodorus australis n.sp. is characterised by seven transverse striae on the head, stylet 120–128 μm long, external transverse striae crossing the inner lateral field completely, posterior vulva (V=55–59%), one refractive element near the vagina, phasmid anterior to anus and short tail in adult females, (c>60, c′<1 ), spicules 43–48 μ long, protrusible gubernaculum 18–20 μm long with accessory piece, and spines around the posterior edge of the medial bursal lobe. An identification key to all species currently in the genus is included.
Reliability of Flexible Display by Simulation and Strain Gauge Test

With the requirements of miniaturization of the portable consumer electronic products, more and more new materials, fabricating process and technologies are used to make the electronic components flexible, bendable and wearable. Flexible display, as one of the most important components, recently attracts an enormous research interest in industry and university. With the application of these technologies, the reliability issue has been coming forth with the different designs, fabrication processes and substrate material applications. In this paper, simulations including three points bending and twisting in different ways are investigated. In order to verify the simulation model, a special simulation model that contains the strain gauge is built. Through the comparison of the simulation results and strain gauge test results, the initial right model was given. Based on this model, the impact of different bending setup parameters to the display flexibility were studied, such as the bending roller radius, the span of support roller, bending height and etc. And the flexibility and reliability of the display were evaluated by the comparisons.
Testing Cosmogonic Models with Gravitational Lensing

Gravitational lensing provides a strict test of cosmogonic models because it is directly sensitive to mass inhomogeneities. Detailed numerical propagation of light rays through a universe that has a distribution of inhomogeneities derived from the standard CDM (cold dark matter) scenario, with the aid of massive, fully nonlinear computer simulations, was used to test the model. It predicts that more widely split quasar images should have been seen than were actually found. These and other inconsistencies rule out the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE)-normalized CDM model with density parameter Ω = 1 and the Hubble constant (Ho) = 50 kilometers second–1 megaparsec–1; but variants of this model might be constructed, which could pass the stringent tests provided by strong gravitational lensing.