Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Host Preference of the Crapemyrtle Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Host Suitability of Crapemyrtle Cultivars

ABSTRACT Crapemyrtle aphids, Sarucallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy), are a common pest of crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia spp.) throughout the southeastern United States. Breeding programs have produced >100 crapemyrtle cultivars that vary in floral color, plant height, and disease resistance, but these programs did not evaluate insect resistance as part of the selection process. In this study, the host suitability of crapemyrtle cultivars and host preference of the crapemyrtle aphid were tested using the following seven crapemyrtle cultivars: ‘Carolina Beauty’, ‘Byers Wonderful White’, ‘Apalachee’, ‘Lipan’, ‘Tuscarora’, ‘Sioux’, and ‘Natchez’. Host suitability or aphid preference may be affected by cultivar attributes of plant parentage, source of Lagerstroemia fauriei Koehne germplasm, and mature plant height. Host suitability was evaluated by measuring daily and total fecundity under no-choice conditions. Host preference of the crapemyrtle aphid was tested in a choice experiment that used eight crapemyrtle cultivars; the seven used in the no-choice experiment plus Lagerstroemia speciosa L. In the no-choice experiment, aphid daily fecundity was not different among the crapemyrtle cultivars, but aphid total fecundity was different for the factors cultivar, plant parentage, source of germplasm, and mature plant height. Crapemyrtle aphid host preference in the choice experiment indicated that there were differences among cultivar, parentage, source of germplasm, and mature plant height. Results from this study are useful for plant breeding programs that have the objective of producing aphid resistant cultivars.
The Effectiveness of Correctional Rehabilitation: A Review of Systematic Reviews

The effects of correctional interventions on recidivism have important public safety implications when offenders are released from probation or prison. Hundreds of studies have been conducted on those effects, some investigating punitive approaches and some investigating rehabilitation treatments. Systematic reviews (meta-analyses) of those studies, while varying greatly in coverage and technique, display remarkable consistency in their overall findings. Supervision and sanctions, at best, show modest mean reductions in recidivism and, in some instances, have the opposite effect and increase reoffense rates. The mean recidivism effects found in studies of rehabilitation treatment, by comparison, are consistently positive and relatively large. There is, however, considerable variability in those effects associated with the type of treatment, how well it is implemented, and the nature of the offenders to whom it is applied. The specific sources of that variability have not been well explored, but some principles for effective treatment have emerged. The rehabilitation treatments generally found effective in research do not characterize current correctional practice, and bridging the gap between research and practice remains a significant challenge.
Hippocampal theta rhythm and its coupling with gamma oscillations require fast inhibition onto parvalbumin-positive interneurons

Hippocampal theta (5–10 Hz) and gamma (35–85 Hz) oscillations depend on an inhibitory network of GABAergic interneurons. However, the lack of methods for direct and cell-type-specific interference with inhibition has prevented better insights that help link synaptic and cellular properties with network function. Here, we generated genetically modified mice (PV-Δγ2) in which synaptic inhibition was ablated in parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons. Hippocampal local field potential and unit recordings in the CA1 area of freely behaving mice revealed that theta rhythm was strongly reduced in these mice. The characteristic coupling of theta and gamma oscillations was strongly altered in PV-Δγ2 mice more than could be accounted for by the reduction in theta rhythm only. Surprisingly, gamma oscillations were not altered. These data indicate that synaptic inhibition onto PV+ interneurons is indispensable for theta- and its coupling to gamma oscillations but not for rhythmic gamma-activity in the hippocampus. Similar alterations in rhythmic activity were obtained in a computational hippocampal network model mimicking the genetic modification, suggesting that intrahippocampal networks might contribute to these effects.
Estimating Actor, Partner, and Interaction Effects for Dyadic Data Using PROC MIXED and HLM: A User–Friendly Guide

Data collected from both members of a dyad provide abundant opportunities as well as data analytic challenges. The Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (APIM; Kashy & Kenny, 2000) was developed as a conceptual framework for collecting and analyzing dyadic data, primarily by stressing the importance of considering the interdependence that exists between dyad members. The goal of this paper is to detail how the APIM can be implemented in dyadic research, and how its effects can be estimated using hierarchical linear modeling, including PROC MIXED in SAS and HLM (version 5.04; Raudenbush, Bryk, Cheong, & Congdon, 2001). The paper describes the APIM and illustrates how the data set must be structured to use the data analytic methods proposed. It also presents the syntax needed to estimate the model, indicates how several types of interactions can be tested, and describes how the output can be interpreted.
A white dwarf companion to the relativistic pulsar PSR J1141−6545

Pulsars with compact companions in close eccentric orbits are unique laboratories for testing general relativity and alternative theories of gravity. Moreover, they are excellent targets for future gravitational wave experiments like LISA and they are also highly important for understanding the equation of state of super-dense matter and the evolution of massive binaries. Here we report on optical observations of the 1.02 M\(_{\odot }\) companion to the pulsar PSR J1141\(-\)6545. We detect an optical counterpart with apparent magnitudes \(V=25.08(11)\) and \(R=24.38(14)\), consistent with the timing position of the pulsar. We demonstrate that our results are in agreement with a white dwarf companion. However the latter is redder than expected and the inferred values are not consistent with the theoretical cooling tracks, preventing us from deriving the exact age. Our results confirm the importance of the PSR J1141\(-\)6545 system for gravitational experiments.
Family Processes, Identity Development, and Behavioral Outcomes for Adopted Adolescents

Relationship processes of connection, regulation, and autonomy within families are considered with respect to the development of identity in adopted adolescents. Following discussion of the changing nature ofadoptive family relationships in North America and conceptual and methodological issues in the study of identity, it is argued that coherence of identity narratives can serve as a useful window on adolescent development. A research agenda linking family processes with identity development in adopted adolecsents that involves both descriptive and hypothesis-testing phases is outlined. It is specifically hypothesized that variations in openness in adoption (forms of connection) moderate the relation between family process and adolescent outcomes and that identity (a form of autonomy) mediates this link.
Estimates of spatial distance: a Construal Level Theory perspective

This chapter examines two hypotheses on the psychological effects of spatial distance, both of which derived from Construal Level Theory of psychological distance (Liberman & Trope, 2008; Liberman, Trope & Stephan, 2007; Trope & Liberman, 2010): that spatial distance affects and is affected by other psychological distances, and that it affects and is affected by level of construal. We present evidence in support of each of these hypotheses, and draw novel predictions that stem from them. We also discuss, from the perspective of CLT, the question of whether spatial distance is more basic than other distances (social distance, temporal distance and hypotheticality).
Genome Analysis of Minibacterium massiliensis Highlights the Convergent Evolution of Water-Living Bacteria

Filtration usually eliminates water-living bacteria. Here, we report on the complete genome sequence of Minibacterium massiliensis, a β-proteobacteria that was recovered from 0.22-μm filtered water used for patients in the hospital. The unexpectedly large 4,110,251-nucleotide genome sequence of M. massiliensis was determined using the traditional shotgun sequencing approach. Bioinformatic analyses shows that the M. massiliensis genome sequence illustrates characteristic features of water-living bacteria, including overrepresentation of genes encoding transporters and transcription regulators. Phylogenomic analysis based on the gene content of available bacterial genome sequences displays a congruent evolution of water-living bacteria from various taxonomic origins, principally for genes involved in energy production and conversion, cell division, chromosome partitioning, and lipid metabolism. This phylogenomic clustering partially results from lateral gene transfer, which appears to be more frequent in water than in other environments. The M. massiliensis genome analyses strongly suggest that water-living bacteria are a common source for genes involved in heavy-metal resistance, antibiotics resistance, and virulence factors.
Locality as a Visualization Tool

This brief contribution introduces a method of quantifying the locality in a given reference sequence and visually representing it as a three dimensional surface. We explore some of the properties of this formulation of locality and show the correlation between graphical features and specific reference patterns. The utility of our formulation of locality is demonstrated through two of its potential applications as a visualizations tool: characterizing and summarizing workload locality, and evaluating the effectiveness of benchmark programs in exercising memory hierarchies.
Self-association and BiP dissociation are not sufficient for activation of the ER stress sensor Ire1

Ire1 is a type I transmembrane protein located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Upon ER stress, Ire1 releases the ER chaperone BiP and self-associates. This activates Ire1 and triggers the unfolded protein response in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We isolated and characterized an Ire1 luminal domain mutant lacking both the N-terminal and the juxtamembrane loosely folded subregions. Although this `core' mutant was able to self-associate and failed to bind BiP even under nonstressed conditions, its activation was still dependent on ER stress. Furthermore, although substitution of Pro for Ser103 (S103P) in the luminal domain of full-length Ire1 caused neither BiP dissociation nor a change in self-association, the substitution in combination with the core mutation resulted in constitutive activation. This phenotype of the S103P mutation required a cluster of positively charged amino acid residues (Arg or Lys) located close to the mutation site in the Ire1 sequence. These observations indicate that in addition to BiP dissociation and self-association of Ire1, another unknown change on the luminal side is crucial for Ire1 activation.
Throughput Analysis of TCP Proxy Mechanism

TCP overlay networks that control data transmission quality at the transport layer are being paid a lot of attentions as users’ demands for diversified Internet services increase. They are expected to enhance the end–to–end throughput of the TCP connection essentially because the round trip times and the packet loss ratios of each split TCP connection are reduced. However, performance degradation may occur due to undesired interactions among the split TCP connections. In this paper, we introduce an analysis approach to estimate end–to–end throughput of data transmission with a TCP proxy mechanism considering of performance degradation. Our analysis results revealed that we confirmed the effect of the TCP proxy mechanism. We also found that we cannot ignore performance degradations due to interactions among split TCP connections especially when the congestion level of the network they traverse is small.
Comparing tightly and loosely coupled mesochronous synchronizers in a NoC switch architecture

With the advent of Networks-on-Chip (NoCs), the interest for mesochronous synchronizers is again on the rise due to the intricacies of skew-controlled chip-wide clock tree distribution. Recently proposed schemes agree on a source synchronous design style with some form of ping-pong buffering to counter timing and metastability concerns. However, the integration issues of such synchronizers in a NoC setting are still largely uncovered. Most schemes are in fact placed between communicating switches, thus neglecting the abrupt increase of buffering resources needed at switch input stages. This paper goes a step forward and aims at deep integration of the synchronizer in the switch architecture, thus merging key tasks such as synchronization, buffering and flow control into a unique architecture block. This paper compares the integrated and the loosely coupled solutions from a performance and area viewpoint, while devoting special attention to their robustness with respect to physical design parameters.
Clustering of Star-forming Galaxies Near a Radio Galaxy at z = 5.2

We present HST ACS observations of the most distant radio galaxy known, TN J0924-2201 at z = 5.2. This radio galaxy has six spectroscopically confirmed Lyα-emitting companion galaxies and appears to lie within an overdense region. The radio galaxy is marginally resolved in i775 and z850, showing continuum emission aligned with the radio axis, similar to what is observed for lower redshift radio galaxies. Both the half-light radius and the UV star formation rate are comparable to the typical values found for Lyman break galaxies at z ~ 4-5. The Lyα emitters are sub-L* galaxies, with deduced star formation rates of 1-10 M☉ yr-1. One of the Lyα emitters is only detected in Lyα. Based on the star formation rate of ~3 M☉ yr-1 calculated from Lyα, the lack of continuum emission could be explained if the galaxy is younger than ~2 Myr and is producing its first stars. Observations in V606i775z850 were used to identify additional Lyman break galaxies associated with this structure. In addition to the radio galaxy, there are 22 V606 break (z ~ 5) galaxies with z850 < 26.5 (5 σ), two of which are also in the spectroscopic sample. We compare the surface density of ~2 arcmin-2 to that of similarly selected V606 dropouts extracted from GOODS and the UDF parallel fields. We find evidence for an overdensity to very high confidence (>99%), based on a counts-in-cells analysis applied to the control field. The excess suggests that the V606 break objects are associated with a forming cluster around the radio galaxy.
Historical Development and Future Directions in Speech Recognition and Understanding

This report is one of five reports that were based on the MINDS workshops, led by Donna Harman (NIST) and sponsored by Heather McCallum-Bayliss of the Disruptive Technology Office of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence's Office of Science and Technology (ODNI/ADDNI/S&T/DTO). To find the rest of the reports, and an executive overview, please see http://www.itl. nist.gov/iaui/894.02/minds.html.
An Experimental Study of Benchmarking Functions for Election Campaign Algorithm

Election campaign algorithm (ECA) is a new heuristic optimization algorithm, it acts by simulating the behavior that the election candidates pursue the highest support in campaign all along. In ECA, the whole searching space is imagined to be assembly of voters, and the current solutions are imagined to be the election candidates. The candidates can influence the voters round them, the effects from candidates to voters will decrease gradually with the increase of distances between the candidates and the voters. The higher prestige a candidate comports, the larger investigated range he has. The support from the different voters are discrepant obviously, voters have to allot their support proportionally according to the effects imposed by the candidates. Sampling investigate to voters is done to investigate the support of candidates. In order to obtain an exact and global investigated, local investigated voters are generated in the probability determined by a normal-distribution function that the mean is the location coordinates of candidates, and global investigated voters is generated in the probability determined by a uniform distribution function. The proportion of the support to a candidate from a voter to the sum of the support of the candidate from all voters is the contribution of a voter to the candidate. The sum of location coordinates of every voters powered by its contribution is a new location coordinates, which is named support focus, it is the next position of the candidate. Such computational cycle is done continually until a candidate finds the position of the highest support, which is the global solution of the optimization problems. Finally, test functions of optimization algorithm are applied to verify the ECA. The computational results show that ECA is able to find out the global solution entirely.
A Survey of Spline-based Volumetric Data Modeling Framework and Its Applications

The rapid advances in 3D scanning and acquisition techniques have given rise to the explosive increase of volumetric digital models in recent years. This dissertation systematically trailblazes a novel volumetric modeling framework to represent 3D solids. The need to explore more efficient and robust 3D modeling framework has gained the prominence. Although the traditional surface representation (e.g., triangle mesh) has many attractive properties, it is incapable of expressing the interior space and materials. Such a serious drawback overshadows many potential modeling and analysis applications. Consequently volumetric modeling techniques become the well-known solution to this problem. Nevertheless, many unsolved research issues remain when developing an efficient modeling paradigm for existing 3D models: complex geometry (fine details and extreme concaveness), arbitrary topology, heterogenous materials, large-scale data storage and processing, etc.
Interrelationships Among Abnormal Cardiotocograms in Labor, Meconium Staining of the Amniotic Fluid, Arterial Cord Blood pH, and Apgar Scores

A prospective study of the relationships among fetal heart rate pattern, meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, umbilical cord artery pH, and Apgar score was carried out in 1219 consecutive births. Interpretable cardiotocogram patterns and cord arterial pH and blood gas analysis were obtained in 698 cases. The sensitivity of an abnormal cardiotocogram at any time for acidosis (more than 1 SD below the mean, pH less than 7.17) was 80%, and for severe acidosis (more than 2 SDs below the mean, pH less than 7.085) was 83%. However, the predictive value was low, and 32% of fetuses had an abnormal cardiotocogram but no acidosis. If only cardiotocogram abnormality in the first stage of labor was considered, sensitivity was still 47% for acidosis and 67% for severe acidosis, and the false-positive rate was reduced to only 14%. We attempted to improve the prediction of acidosis by including meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, but 65% of the variation in umbilical cord artery pH and 72 and 86% of the variation in 1- and 5-minUte Apgar scores, respectively, remained unexplained. In light of these poor correlations, the current practice of considering cardiotocogram abnormality, meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, acidosis, and low Apgar scores as indicating one single disorder, “fetal distress,” is not valid
A Novel Blood‐Based Colorectal Cancer Diagnostic Technology Using Electrical Detection of Colon Cancer Secreted Protein‐2

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second‐leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide, which may be effectively reduced by early screening. Colon cancer secreted protein‐2 (CCSP‐2) is a promising blood marker for CRC. An electric‐field effect colorectal sensor (E‐FECS), an ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistor under dual gate operation with nanostructure is developed, to quantify CCSP‐2 directly from patient blood samples. The sensing performance of the E‐FECS is verified in 7 controls and 7 CRC samples, and it is clinically validated on 30 controls, 30 advanced adenomas, and 81 CRC cases. The concentration of CCSP‐2 is significantly higher in plasma samples from CRC and advanced adenoma compared with controls (both P < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity for CRC versus controls are 44.4% and 86.7%, respectively (AUC of 0.67), and 43.3% and 86.7%, respectively, for advanced adenomas (AUC of 0.67). CCSP‐2 detects a greater number of CRC cases than carcinoembryonic antigen does (45.6% vs 24.1%), and the combination of the two markers detects an even greater number of cases (53.2%). The E‐FECS system successfully detects CCSP‐2 in a wide range of samples including early stage cancers and advanced adenoma. CCSP‐2 has potential for use as a blood‐based biomarker for CRC.
Algebraic Number Precoding for Space–Time Block Codes

We propose a space-time block coding framework based on linear precoding. The codes for P transmit antennas are formed by transmitting the information vector (with P independent information symbols) L times where each time it is rotated by a distinct precoding matrix. The framework generalizes conventional spatial multiplexing techniques and facilitates tradeoff between rate and diversity. We propose a simple construction for precoding matrices whose parameters are chosen to guarantee maximal diversity using algebraic number theory. Our codes exhibit circular structure, which greatly simplifies the performance analysis and facilitates linear decoding. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrated excellent performance of the proposed algebraic precoding framework.
Prolonged second stage of labor and postpartum hemorrhage

Objective. To examine the relationship between prolonged second stage and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Methods. We conducted a retrospective case–control study of all cases of PPH which occurred at four Southern California hospitals in 2003. Cases were identified by ICD-9 codes and confirmed by chart reviews, and non-cases were randomly selected as controls. The relationship between PPH and prolonged second-stage was examined using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results. The sample consisted of 91 cases and 323 controls. Cases were significantly more likely than controls to have had a prolonged second stage of labor, over a range of definitions for PPH and prolonged second stage. In multivariable analyses, prolonged second stage was associated with greater than three-fold (OR = 3.35; 95% CI 1.22–9.19) increased risk for PPH. Conclusion. Prolonged second stage is an important risk factor for PPH. Close supervision is warranted for women with a prolonged second stage.
Increasing Self-Efficacy and Teacher Candidates' Knowledge of Reading Assessments

Today’s pre-service teachers are experiencing the best of times and the worst of times in teacher preparation. At no other point have College’s of Education known more about best teaching practices, especially in the area of reading, yet high-stakes assessment and accountability climates have caused many teachers to neglect these best practices. Pressure for students and teachers to perform highly on standardized tests, especially in the area of reading, has resulted in the abandonment of informal reading assessments in favor of test preparation and remediation utilizing computer-based programs. These programs have replaced face-to-face instruction differentiated for each student based on on-going assessments.