Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exercise intensity: a matter of measuring or of talking?

Different options are available to determine the exercise intensity in cardiac rehabilitation and phase 3 to 4 follow-up training for patients with coronary artery disease. These include determining a percentage of peak oxygen uptake, the heart rate (HR) at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold, and a percentage of peak HR, as well as calculating a training range for HR as a percentage relative to resting HR and peak HR or HR reserve. The peak HR in these methods can either be estimated or assessed during a maximal or symptom limited exercise test. Furthermore, inquiring after the Borg score during exercise and the talk test are often used for training prescription. The first methods have an objective character, whereas using Borg scores and the talk test depend on the subjective experience of the patient. Some words of caution using peak HR are in place. What is the value of the predicted HR using the formula ‘‘220jage’’ when it is considerably deviant from the assessed peak HR, and what does one do when the patient is taking $-blocking agents? This formula, described by )strand and Rodahl, was derived from cross-sectional and longitudinal observations in normal men and women, and these data indeed showed a nice decline in the measured maximal HR with increasing age. However, as often in medicine, one ignores the standard deviation from the mean or the confidence intervals, which was 50 beats/min above or below the mean. Furthermore, because these data were sampled in normal individuals aged 18 to 60 years, these data cannot simply be applied in a cardiac population. Our research center has gathered data concerning peak HR from graded maximal exercise testing on a cycle ergometer in 2,646 patients who were enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation. From this group, 1,912 patients (72%) were taking $-blocking agents. From Figure 1, 3 things can be concluded. Peak HR decreases with progressing age in a population of patients with cardiac disease after a training period of 3 months, comparable with data from Astrand and Rodahl. Secondly, this trend is similar in patients with or without $-blocking therapy, although the HR is consistently lower in all age groups in patients with $-blocking therapy. Finally, the confidence limits from the regression lines predicting peak HR (ie, T40) are substantial, which shows that peak HR is a personal characteristic and impossible to predict. Consequently, the assessed peak HR is superior to the predicted peak HR in all circumstances, and especially when prescribing the exercise intensity in terms of HR in
Evolving Single- And Multi-Model Fuzzy Classifiers with FLEXFIS-Class

In this paper a new method for training single-model and multi-model fuzzy classifiers incrementally and adaptively is proposed, which is called FLEXFIS-Class. The evolving scheme for the single-model case exploits a conventional zero-order fuzzy classification model architecture with Gaussian fuzzy sets in the rules antecedents, crisp class labels in the rule consequents and rule weights standing for confidence values in the class labels. In the multi-model case FLEXFIS-Class exploits the idea of regression by an indicator matrix to evolve a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model for each separate class and combines the single models' predictions to a final classification statement. The paper includes a technique for increasing the prediction quality, whenever a drift in a data stream occurs. An empirical analysis will be given based on an online, adaptive image classification framework, where images showing production items should be classified into good or bad ones. This analysis will include the comparison of evolving single-and multi-model fuzzy classifiers with conventional batch modelling approaches with respect to achieved prediction accuracy on new online data. It will also be shown that multi-model architecture can outperform conventional single-model architecture ('classical' fuzzy classification models) for all data sets with respect to prediction accuracy.
LM-CMA: An Alternative to L-BFGS for Large-Scale Black Box Optimization

Limited-memory BFGS (L-BFGS; Liu and Nocedal, 1989) is often considered to be the method of choice for continuous optimization when first- or second-order information is available. However, the use of L-BFGS can be complicated in a black box scenario where gradient information is not available and therefore should be numerically estimated. The accuracy of this estimation, obtained by finite difference methods, is often problem-dependent and may lead to premature convergence of the algorithm. This article demonstrates an alternative to L-BFGS, the limited memory covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (LM-CMA) proposed by Loshchilov (2014). LM-CMA is a stochastic derivative-free algorithm for numerical optimization of nonlinear, nonconvex optimization problems. Inspired by L-BFGS, LM-CMA samples candidate solutions according to a covariance matrix reproduced from m direction vectors selected during the optimization process. The decomposition of the covariance matrix into Cholesky factors allows reducing the memory complexity to , where n is the number of decision variables. The time complexity of sampling one candidate solution is also but scales as only about 25 scalar-vector multiplications in practice. The algorithm has an important property of invariance with respect to strictly increasing transformations of the objective function; such transformations do not compromise its ability to approach the optimum. LM-CMA outperforms the original CMA-ES and its large-scale versions on nonseparable ill-conditioned problems with a factor increasing with problem dimension. Invariance properties of the algorithm do not prevent it from demonstrating a comparable performance to L-BFGS on nontrivial large-scale smooth and nonsmooth optimization problems.
Approaching the investigation of plasma turbulence through a rigorous verification and validation procedure: A practical examplea)

In the present work, a Verification and Validation procedure is presented and applied showing, through a practical example, how it can contribute to advancing our physics understanding of plasma turbulence. Bridging the gap between plasma physics and other scientific domains, in particular, the computational fluid dynamics community, a rigorous methodology for the verification of a plasma simulation code is presented, based on the method of manufactured solutions. This methodology assesses that the model equations are correctly solved, within the order of accuracy of the numerical scheme. The technique to carry out a solution verification is described to provide a rigorous estimate of the uncertainty affecting the numerical results. A methodology for plasma turbulence code validation is also discussed, focusing on quantitative assessment of the agreement between experiments and simulations. The Verification and Validation methodology is then applied to the study of plasma turbulence in the basic plasma physics experiment TORPEX [Fasoli et al., Phys. Plasmas 13, 055902 (2006)], considering both two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations carried out with the GBS code [Ricci et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 54, 124047 (2012)]. The validation procedure allows progress in the understanding of the turbulent dynamics in TORPEX, by pinpointing the presence of a turbulent regime transition, due to the competition between the resistive and ideal interchange instabilities.
On-Line Signature Verification by Dynamic Time Warping and Gaussian Mixture Models

Handwriting signature is the most diffuse mean for personal identification. Lots of works have been carried out to get reasonable errors rates within automatic signature verification on-line. Most of the algorithms that have been used for matching work by features extraction. This paper deals with the analysis of discriminative powers of the features that can be extracted from an on-line signature, how it's possible to increase those discriminative powers by dynamic time warping as a step in the preprocessing of the signal coming from the tablet. Also it will be covered the influence of this new step in the performance of the Gaussian mixture models algorithm, which has been shown as a successfully algorithm for on-line automatic signature verification in recent studies. A complete experimental evaluation of the algorithm base on dynamic time warping and Gaussian Mixture Models has been conducted on 2500 genuine signatures samples and 2500 skilled forgery samples from 100 users. Those samples are included at the public access MCyT-Signature-Corpus Database.
Psychosocial and Emotional Outcomes 10 Years Following Traumatic Brain Injury

ObjectivesTo investigate the association of psychosocial outcome 10 years following traumatic brain injury (TBI) with demographic variables, injury severity, current cognitive functioning, emotional state, aggression, alcohol use, and fatigue. SettingCommunity-based follow-up. ParticipantsFifty-three participants with mild to very severe TBI sustained 10 years previously and significant others. MeasuresSydney Psychosocial Reintegration Scale, Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, NFI Aggression scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, neuropsychological tests of attention/processing speed, memory, and executive function. ResultsPsychosocial functioning was lowest in the occupational activity domain and highest in the living skills domains. Variables including education, posttraumatic amnesia duration, numerous cognitive measures, concurrent fatigue, aggression, anxiety, and depression were all significantly associated with psychosocial outcome, although the strength of correlations varied between ratings of participants with TBI and relatives. Posttraumatic amnesia duration was most strongly associated with psychosocial outcome measured by relatives; anxiety, aggression, and depression were the strongest predictors when ratings were assigned by participants with TBI. Self-reported fatigue, depression, and alcohol use were the strongest predictors of aggression. ConclusionsIt is important to address problems with anxiety, depression, fatigue, and alcohol use as a possible means of improving long-term psychosocial outcome following TBI.
Therapist attitudes and strategies to client-centred approaches in the provision of mobility devices to older clients

Abstract Purpose: This study explored therapists’ attitudes to and strategies for developing client-centred approaches in relation to the provision of mobility devices. Method: Four physiotherapists and eight occupational therapists in a Swedish municipality context were interviewed according to a semi-structured interview guide. Data collection and analysis were guided by a qualitative approach, applying manifest content analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in a main theme: “Awareness and positive attitudes towards a client-centred approach” and two sub-themes: “Challenges to a client-centred approach” and “Strategies for developing a client-centred approach”. Conclusions: Therapists in municipality-based geriatric rehabilitations are aware of and have ambitions to apply a client-centred approach in mobility device provision, despite different kinds of obstacles for client interaction. The examples of different strategies they suggested to facilitate a client-centred approach can be used to improve clinical practice. While more research is needed in this field, the results can be used as a basis for practice development which may increase activity among older clients. Implications for Rehabilitation The fact that therapists seem aware of the client’s legal right to interact with them in the rehabilitation process, in relation to the provision of mobility devices, is promising and an important prerequisite for the development of more client-centred practices. The identification of different types of obstacles that could interfere with applying a client-centred approach has the potential to increase the therapists’ attention to such aspects. The results show that it is necessary for practitioners to develop strategies to be successful in applying a client-centred approach. The examples provided can serve as a basis for continuing discussions among practitioners, increasing their awareness of strategies and opportunities for client interaction.
An Explicit Sampling Dependent Spectral Error Bound for Column Subset Selection

In this paper, we consider the problem of column subset selection. We present a novel analysis of the spectral norm reconstruction for a simple randomized algorithm and establish a new bound that depends explicitly on the sampling probabilities. The sampling dependent error bound (i) allows us to better understand the tradeoff in the reconstruction error due to sampling probabilities, (ii) exhibits more insights than existing error bounds that exploit specific probability distributions, and (iii) implies better sampling distributions. In particular, we show that a sampling distribution with probabilities proportional to the square root of the statistical leverage scores is better than uniform sampling, and is better than leverage-based sampling when the statistical leverage scores are very nonuniform. And by solving a constrained optimization problem related to the error bound with an efficient bisection search we are able to achieve better performance than using either the leverage-based distribution or that proportional to the square root of the statistical leverage scores. Numerical simulations demonstrate the benefits of the new sampling distributions for low-rank matrix approximation and least square approximation compared to state-of-the art algorithms.
A Template-Based Tibetan Web Text Information Extraction Method

In order to build a large Tibetan corpus, the researcher proposes a simple and effective method of text information extraction over Tibetan Web pages. Most web pages too much noise information unrelated to the content of the text, which makes it difficult to collect the required text information accurately and completely. After analyzing the characteristics of the seven major Tibetan Web sites, whose way of providing information is a combining use of the records in the database and the inherent dynamic web templates, the researcher presents in this article a web-based template text information extraction method. Experiments show that the method can identify and extract text information through a regular expression that filters the noise information, thus it might play a significant role in the Tibetan corpus construction with much feasibility and applicability.
Japanese encephalitis virus infects neural progenitor cells and decreases their proliferation

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a common cause of encephalitis in humans, especially in children, leads to substantial neuronal injury. The survivors of JEV infection have severe cognitive impairment, motor and behavioral disorders. We hypothesize that depletion of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) by the virus culminates in neurological sequelae in survivors of Japanese encephalitis (JE). We utilized both in vivo model of JEV infection and in vitro neurosphere cultures to study progressive JEV infection. Cellular infection and cell death was determined by flow cytometry. BrdU administration in animals and in neurospheres was used to determine the proliferative ability of NPCs. JEV leads to massive loss of actively proliferating NPC population from the subventricular zone (SVZ). The ability of JEV infected subventricular zone cells to form neurospheres is severely compromised. This can be attributed to JEV infection in NPCs, which however do not result in robust death of the resilient NPC cells. Instead, JEV suppresses the cycling ability of these cells, preventing their proliferation. JEV primarily targets at a critical postnatal age and severely diminishes the NPC pool in SVZ, thus impairing the process of recovery after the insult. This arrested growth and proliferation of NPCs might have an effect on the neurological consequences in JE survivors.
Auditory priming of frequency and temporal information: Effects of lateralised presentation

Asymmetric distribution of function between the cerebral hemispheres has been widely investigated in the auditory modality. The current approach borrows heavily from visual local–global research in an attempt to determine whether, as in vision, local–global auditory processing is lateralised. In vision, lateralised local–global processing likely relies on spatial frequency information. Drawing analogies between visual spatial frequency and auditory dimensions, two sets of auditory stimuli were developed. In the high–low stimulus set we manipulate frequency information, and in the fast–slow stimulus set we manipulate temporal information. The fast–slow stimuli additionally mimic visual hierarchical stimulus structure, in which the arrangement of local patterns determines the global pattern. Unlike previous auditory stimuli, the current stimulus sets contain the experimental flexibility of visual local–global hierarchical stimuli allowing independent manipulation of structural levels. Previous findings of frequency and temporal range priming were replicated. Additionally, by presenting stimuli monaurally, we found that priming of frequency ranges (but not temporal ranges) was found to vary by ear, supporting the contention that the hemispheres asymmetrically retain traces of prior frequency processing. These results contribute to the extensive literature revealing cerebral asymmetries for the processing of frequency information, and extend those results to the realm of priming.
The relationship between CTO and performance

Upper-echelon theory has identified top managerspsila influence on organizational outcomes, but no study has assessed the impact of a Chief Technology Officer (CTO) on firm performance. This study deals with two integrated questions: do CTO roles affect firmpsilas performance and which factors enhance the effectiveness of CTO roles? Based on a survey of 49 electronic and machinery firms in Turkey, the study finds that even though the CTO position does not prevail, CTO roles are performed in varying degrees. The findings confirm the upper-echelon theory that performing decisional CTO roles increases profitability of firms and the educational background of a manager carrying out CTO roles strengthens this positive impact. Further, the study clearly shows the role of social capital theory in explaining how the effectiveness of a CTO increases when he/she is embedded in the top management relations. The hierarchical level of a CTO thus directly increases the impact of both decisional and informational roles on performance. The informational roles of a CTO result in a positive impact on profitability when a CTO has frequent communication with a CEO. In other words, the higher the extent of networking, the higher profits achieved from the realization of informational roles. As a final observation, the size of the company affects profitability, the bigger the firm the better the performance.
Long-Term Comparison of Three Dietary Prescriptions in the Treatment of NIDDM

OBJECTIVE To compare three sets of dietary guidelines for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) in free-living individuals and to observe the effects on metabolic control over an 18-month period. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Seventy volunteer subjects with NIDDM were randomly assigned to one of three diets, a weight-management diet, a high-carbohydrate/fiber diet, or a modified-lipid diet and followed for 18 months. Nutrient intakes, weight, blood lipids, and glycemic control were measured. RESULTS In all diet groups, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1) fell significantly before diet intervention began, remaining lower throughout the study and at follow-up 9 months later. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol showed a sustained fall in all groups after diet intervention. Apart from transient changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) in the diet groups with the higher carbohydrate intake, no lasting differences were found between the three diet groups. CONCLUSIONS In the long term, there were few differences in the outcome of the three dietary prescriptions. Even with intensive instruction, participants found it difficult to meet recommended nutrient intakes; however, specific dietary advice did result in an improvement in LDL cholesterol. Adverse changes in HDL cholesteroland TG because of diet intervention were transient. The significant improvement in glycemic control during the recruitment phase may have been the result of particpants' previous dietary knowledge and the increased attention that they received during the intervention.
Plastid degeneration in Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) provides evidence about the origin of multilamellar bodies in plants

Vesicle-like structures containing several to numerous concentric membranes, called multilamellar bodies (MLBs), are present both in animal and plant cells. The origin of MLBs in animal cells has been elucidated partially, while that of plant MLBs is unknown. MLBs in plant cells are present in the cytoplasm, at the interface of cytoplasm and vacuole, and inside vacuoles. This suggests that they become transported from the cytoplasm to the vacuole. The function of plant MLBs thus seems transfer of cellular membranes to the vacuole. Although it is often impossible to discern whether they have a single or a double outer membrane, in some examples a double outer membrane is present. This might suggest autophagic/mitochondrial/plastidial origin. Membrane structures similar to those in MLBs have not been described, apparently, in mitochondria. By contrast, structures similar to MLBs are found in autophagous structures and in degenerating chloroplasts and other plastids. The data might suggest the hypothesis that plant MLBs derive from autophagous structures and/or from plastids.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Bacteriophage, pVco-5, That Infects Vibrio coralliilyticus, Which Causes Bacillary Necrosis in Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Larvae

ABSTRACT We report here the complete genome sequence of the Vibrio coralliilyticus-specific phage pVco-5, a double-stranded DNA virus isolated from an oyster hatchery tank. Vibrio coralliilyticus causes bacillary necrosis in marine bivalve larvae; hence, phage pVco-5 could be used to prevent V. coralliilyticus infections in these larvae.