Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soil organic matter dynamics: Controls and management for sustainable ecosystem functioning

The composition of soil, particularly its organic matter content, reflects its role as a major controller of ecosystem functioning and soil fertility (Paul and Collins 1998, Basso et al. 2011, Bhardwaj et al. 2011). Soil organic matter (SOM), the largest global reservoir of terrestrial organic carbon (C), contains three to four times as much stored C as either the atmosphere or plant biomass. The soil biota, consisting of microorganisms as well as fauna, account for 1–3% of total soil C and complete the terrestrial C cycle by mineralizing SOM to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) (Paul and Collins 1998, Robertson and Paul 2000). Soil organic matter is a complex, multistructured, multicomponent pool of organic materials including decomposing plant residues, associated microorganisms and their products, and a biochemically transformed fraction, sometimes called humic material, that is complex in structure and often associated with soil minerals. Microbially derived C, because of its unique chemical structure and intimate association with minerals, is selectively protected and represents a particularly important component of total SOM. This pool serves as a dynamic source of labile nutrients and contributes to soil aggregate formation and erosion resistance (Robertson and Paul 1998, Grandy and Neff 2008). The investigation of SOM dynamics provides a wealth of information on how organisms, including vegetation and soil biota, interact with climate, parent material, landscape, and management over time to influence ecosystem functioning (Collins et al. 1997). One of the most promising approaches for understanding SOM dynamics uses long-term incubations, together with tracers and density fractionation, to interpret SOM pools and their turnover. The multiple components that make up SOM can be divided into three pools based on their turnover times (Paul et al. 2001a, b). The most labile, active pool is Paul, E. A. , A. Kravchenko, A. S. Grandy, and S. Morris. 2015. Soil organic matter dynamics: Controls and management for sustainable ecosystem functioning. Pages 104-134 in S. K. Hamilton, J. E. Doll, and G. P. Robertson, editors. The Ecology of Agricultural Landscapes: Long-Term Research on the Path to Sustainability. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.
Human-robot interaction with humanoid Diamandini using an open experimentation method

The study of human-robot interaction commonly occurs in a laboratory environment in an endeavour to control the experimental conditions. Although convenient for the experimenters, a laboratory setting can constrain and therefore alter a participant's behaviour. In this paper we introduce the method of `open experimentation' in which human-robot interaction studies take place outside the laboratory in a public social environment. Results from over 4,300 participants interacting with a humanoid robot, Diamandini, demonstrate that the general population preferred to observe the robot from a social distance, while children were comfortable to interact more closely with it and for extended periods of time.
A K-medoids clustering algorithm for mixed feature-type symbolic data

A K-medoids clustering algorithm for mixed feature-type symbolic data represented by categorical, interval-valued and histogram-valued is presented in this paper. The algorithm furnishes a partition and a prototype to each class by optimizing an adequacy criterion based on a suitable standardized Euclidean distance. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, several real symbolic data sets are considered and the results furnished by this algorithm are compared with the results furnished by a partitional algorithm for mixed feature-type symbolic data of the literature of symbolic data analysis in terms of the correct Rand index.
User developed application success: sources and effects of involvement

User participation and involvement have long been associated with system success. This paper reports on a study to investigate the role of involvement in user developed application success. The experimental study explored the chain of influences between involvement and the different forms of information systems success and clarified how these influences differ for participants and non-participants in the development process. While participation was shown to result in greater success on all the measures included in the study, the effect of participation is mediated by involvement. In this study, involvement was derived from one of two sources, depending on participation: for participants in development, involvement was derived from their participation but was unaffected by system quality, while for non-participants, involvement was derived partially from system quality. Involvement also acted differently: involvement derived from system quality directly affected both perceived system quality and user satisfaction, while involvement derived from participation directly affected only perceived system quality.
Recent advances in the development and application of microemulsion EKC

Microemulsion EKC (MEEKC) is an electrodriven separation technique. Separations are typically achieved using oil‐in‐water microemulsions, which are composed of nanometre‐sized oil droplets suspended in an aqueous buffer. The droplets are stabilised by a surfactant and a cosurfactant. The novel use of water‐in‐oil microemulsions has also been investigated. This review summarises the advances in the development of MEEKC separations and also the different areas of application including determination of log P values, pharmaceutical applications, chiral analysis, natural products and bioanalytical separations and the use of new methods such as multiplexed MEEKC and high speed MEEKC. Recent applications (2004–2006) are tabulated for each area with microemulsion composition details.
BENT UPPERMOST INTERNODE1 Encodes the Class II Formin FH5 Crucial for Actin Organization and Rice Development[W][OA]

This article reports the characterization of rice FH5/BENT UPPERMOST INTERNODE1 (BUI1), which encodes a class II formin that nucleates actin assembly from actin or actin/profilin and bundles actin filaments and consequently influences cell expansion and rice morphogenesis. The actin cytoskeleton is an important regulator of cell expansion and morphogenesis in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms linking the actin cytoskeleton to these processes remain largely unknown. Here, we report the functional analysis of rice (Oryza sativa) FH5/BENT UPPERMOST INTERNODE1 (BUI1), which encodes a formin-type actin nucleation factor and affects cell expansion and plant morphogenesis in rice. The bui1 mutant displayed pleiotropic phenotypes, including bent uppermost internode, dwarfism, wavy panicle rachis, and enhanced gravitropic response. Cytological observation indicated that the growth defects of bui1 were caused mainly by inhibition of cell expansion. Map-based cloning revealed that BUI1 encodes the class II formin FH5. FH5 contains a phosphatase tensin-like domain at its amino terminus and two highly conserved formin-homology domains, FH1 and FH2. In vitro biochemical analyses indicated that FH5 is capable of nucleating actin assembly from free or profilin-bound monomeric actin. FH5 also interacts with the barbed end of actin filaments and prevents the addition and loss of actin subunits from the same end. Interestingly, the FH2 domain of FH5 could bundle actin filaments directly and stabilize actin filaments in vitro. Consistent with these in vitro biochemical activities of FH5/BUI1, the amount of filamentous actin decreased, and the longitudinal actin cables almost disappeared in bui1 cells. The FH2 or FH1FH2 domains of FH5 could also bind to and bundle microtubules in vitro. Thus, our study identified a rice formin protein that regulates de novo actin nucleation and spatial organization of the actin filaments, which are important for proper cell expansion and rice morphogenesis.
MPI‐CHECK: a tool for checking Fortran 90 MPI programs

MPI is commonly used to write parallel programs for distributed memory parallel computers. MPI‐CHECK is a tool developed to aid in the debugging of MPI programs that are written in free or fixed format Fortran 90 and Fortran 77. MPI‐CHECK provides automatic compile‐time and run‐time checking of MPI programs. MPI‐CHECK automatically detects the following problems in the use of MPI routines: (i) mismatch in argument type, kind, rank or number; (ii) messages which exceed the bounds of the source/destination array; (iii) negative message lengths; (iv) illegal MPI calls before MPI_INIT or after MPI_FINALIZE; (v) inconsistencies between the declared type of a message and its associated DATATYPE argument; and (vi) actual arguments which violate the INTENT attribute. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Merging Molecular Electron Microscopy and Mass Spectrometry by Carbon Film-assisted Endoproteinase Digestion*

Many fundamental processes in the cell are performed by complex macromolecular assemblies that comprise a large number of proteins. Numerous macromolecular assemblies are structurally rather fragile and may suffer during purification, resulting in the partial dissociation of the complexes. These limitations can be overcome by chemical fixation of the assemblies, and recently introduced protocols such as gradient fixation during ultracentrifugation (GraFix) offer advantages for the analysis of fragile macromolecular assemblies. The irreversible fixation, however, is thought to render macromolecular samples useless for studying their protein composition. We therefore developed a novel approach that possesses the advantages of fixation for structure determination by single particle electron microscopy while still allowing a correlative compositional analysis by mass spectrometry. In this method, which we call “electron microscopy carbon film-assisted digestion”, macromolecular assemblies are chemically fixed and then adsorbed onto electron microscopical carbon films. Parallel, identically prepared specimens are then subjected to structural investigation by electron microscopy and proteomics analysis by mass spectrometry of the digested sample. As identical sample preparation protocols are used for electron microscopy and mass spectrometry, the results of both methods can directly be correlated. In addition, we demonstrate improved sensitivity and reproducibility of electron microscopy carbon film-assisted digestion as compared with standard protocols. We show that sample amounts of as low as 50 fmol are sufficient to obtain a comprehensive protein composition of two model complexes. We suggest our approach to be an optimization technique for the compositional analysis of macromolecules by mass spectrometry in general.
The Leveraging Effect of Supervisory Competencies Towards the Performance in Indian Manufacturing Group: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

The quick pace of technological changes, market and industry changes, demographic composition change and society changes requires that human resource managers should revitalize their proficiencies to go with these new challenges. The manager who is a liaison in the organizational hierarchy does a very important job in the organization to direct and channel the employee cluster towards its organization goal, and ensure that each member of the team should be dynamic and prolific. The study on supervisory competency analysis is a crucial and fundamental requirement for any organization. The current study ‘The leveraging effect of Supervisory competencies towards the performance in Indian manufacturing group’ is based on primary data collected from one hundred and fifty employees working in a paper manufacturing industry. The data collected were analysed using SPSS and SMART PLS software. The results of the study revealed that the impact of supervisory competencies towards his performance is huge which accounts to 81% (R2 = 0.810) and towards the growth of whole organization is 35% (R2 = 0.356). This implies that if the supervisory level employees are competent enough by possessing certain competencies, his individual performance will do extreme wonders and will create a strong bond between him and the organization and also create an impact on organization growth by clear strategy formulation, creating committed workforce, developing the organization as learning organization and stimulating individual and group productivity.
ARITHMETIC DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY

The aim of these notes is to explain past work and proposed research aimed at developing an arithmetic analogue of classical differential geometry. In the theory we are going to describe the ring of integers Z will play the role of a ring of functions on an infinite dimensional manifold. The role of coordinate functions on this manifold will be played by the prime numbers p ∈ Z. The role of the partial derivative of an integer n ∈ Z with respect to a prime p will be played (in the spirit of [17, 29]) by the Fermat quotient δpn := n−n p ∈ Z. The role of metrics/2-forms will be played by symmetric/antisymmetric matrices with entries in Z. The role of connection/curvature attached to metrics or 2-forms will be played by certain adelic/global objects attached to integral matrices. The resulting geometry will be referred to as arithmetic differential geometry. One of the somewhat surprising conclusions of our theory is that (the space whose ring of functions is) Z appears as “intrinsically curved. ” A starting point for this circle of ideas can be found in our paper [17] where we showed how one can replace derivation operators by Fermat quotient operators in the construction of the classical jet spaces of Lie and Cartan; the new objects thus obtained were referred to as arithmetic jet spaces. With these objects at hand it was natural to try to develop an arithmetic analogue of differential calculus, in particular of differential equations and differential geometry. A theory of arithmetic differential equations was developed in a series of papers [17]-[36], [5] and was partly summarized in our monograph [29] (cf. also the survey papers [37, 73]); this theory led to a series of applications to invariant theory [21, 5, 22, 29], congruences between modular forms [21, 31, 32], and Diophantine geometry of Abelian and Shimura varieties [18, 30]. On the other hand an arithmetic differential geometry was developed in a series of papers [36]-[41], [6] and in the book [43]. The present notes follow closely the Introduction to [43]. We should note that our book [29] on arithmetic differential equations and the book [43] on arithmetic differential geometry, although based on the same ideology introduced in [17], are concerned with rather different objects. In particular the two books are independent of each other and the overlap between them is minimal. Indeed the book [29] was mainly focussed on the arithmetic differential equations naturally occurring in the context of Abelian and Shimura varieties. By contrast, the book [43] naturally concentrates on the arithmetic differential equations related to the classical groups GLn, SLn, SOn, Spn, and their corresponding symmetric spaces. Of course, the world of Abelian and Shimura varieties on the one hand and the world of classical groups on the other, although not directly related within abstract algebraic geometry, are closely related through analytic concepts such as uniformization and representation theory. The prototypical example of this
Myriad phases of the checkerboard Hubbard model

The zero-temperature phase diagram of the checkerboard Hubbard model is obtained in the solvable limit in which it consists of weakly coupled square plaquettes. As a function of the on-site Coulomb repulsion $U$ and the density of holes per site, $x$, we demonstrate the existence of at least 16 distinct phases. For instance, at zero doping, the ground state is a novel $d$-wave Mott insulator ($d$-Mott), which is not adiabatically continuable to a band insulator; by doping the $d$-Mott state with holes, depending on the magnitude of $U$, it gives way to a $d$-wave superconducting state, a two-flavor spin-$1∕2$ Fermi liquid (FL), or a spin-$3∕2$ FL.
Pseudohyperkalemia caused by fist clenching during phlebotomy.

CLINICIANS are occasionally confronted with the finding of an elevated serum or plasma potassium level in an otherwise healthy person. Such an abnormality may herald the presence of occult mineralocorticoid deficiency or a defect in renal tubular transport.1 Alternatively, it may represent so-called pseudohyperkalemia, caused by the release of potassium from formed elements in the blood in patients with leukocytosis or thrombocytosis.2 , 3 We report here on a patient in whom pseudohyperkalemia resulted from the common practice of repeatedly clenching and unclenching a fist during venipuncture. This maneuver, which has been passed on from generation to generation of house staff, medical .
Module implementation selection and its application to transistor placement

In this paper, we present an algorithm for selecting implementations for rectangular modules given a placement of the modules in multiple rows. A module is a rectangle with pins located on the top and the bottom edges. An implementation of a module is specified by its dimension and a placement of the pins along the top and bottom edges of the module. Our algorithm accepts as input a placement of the modules and a set of possible implementations of each module, and selects an implementation for each module to minimize the total height of the layout. The time complexity of our algorithm is O(NrK/sup r/+K/sup 2/P), where K is the maximum number of implementations for each module, r is the number of rows, N is the total number of modules, and P is the number of pins in the channel. Our algorithm can be applied to the CMOS transistor placement, and has been implemented in the custom cell synthesis system of MCC. We have tested the algorithm on cells selected from the MCNC benchmarks and industry. Reductions of up to 19% in layout area were obtained.
Connections between the medial temporal cortex and the CA1 subfield of the hippocampal formation in the japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata)

The connections between the medial temporal cortical areas and CA1 of the hippocampus were examined in the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) by means of retrograde and anterograde tract‐tracing methods with wheat germ agglutinin‐conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA‐HRP) and fluorescent dyes (Fast Blue and Diamidino Yellow). The posterior parahippocampal (areas TF1, TF2, and TH), perirhinal (areas 35 and 36), and ventral inferotemporal areas (areas TEav and TEpv) were reciprocally connected with CA1. Projection fibers from CA1 to the medial temporal cortical areas originated in the pyramidal cell layer, whereas those from the medial temporal cortical areas to CA1 terminated in the molecular layer. Each of these cortical areas was reciprocally connected with the entire rostrocaudal extent of CA1. However, the intensity of the connections varied along the rostrocaudal axis of CA1: areas TH and TF2 were connected most markedly with the anterior and middle parts of CA1, respectively. Areas TF, 35, 36, TEav, and TEpv were connected predominantly with the posterior part of CA1. In the coronal plane of CA1, labeled cells were located in proximal CA1 (i.e., near the prosubiculum), but not in distal CA1 (i.e., near CA2). The medial temporal cortical areas in direct reciprocal connection with CA1 were presumed to be involved in the memory system, especially in the system for declarative memory. J. Comp. Neurol. 423:282–298, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High Order Bandpass Sigma Delta Interface for Vibratory Gyroscopes

Previous work on sigma delta (SigmaDelta) interfaces for micromachined vibratory gyroscopes were based on lowpass SigmaDelta modulators. However, for a lowpass SigmaDelta interface the signal band is a relatively small fraction of the sampling frequency fs , which increases the noise aliasing and result in a relatively high noise floor in the signal band. Due to the characteristic of narrowband amplitude-modulated signals of vibratory rate gyroscopes, a bandpass SigmaDelta interface is more attractive. A bandpass SigmaDelta interface is superior as it is relatively immune to 1/f noise compared to a lowpass SigmaDelta interface. To achieve a similar noise floor with a given oversampling ratio (OSR), the sampling frequency of a bandpass SigmaDelta interface can be much lower than that of a lowpass SigmaDelta interface. Furthermore, some high order SigmaDelta loop topologies have favorable noise shaping characteristics for electronic noise originating from the pickoff circuit and signal anti-aliasing. Therefore, the requirements for the electronic circuits can be considerably relaxed
Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation for Chromatic Dispersion and Polarization Mode Dispersion Compensation in 3-Chip DPSK Modulation Format

We show that maximum-likelihood-sequence estimation (MLSE) of 10-Gbit/s 3-chip DPSK exhibits 1.6 dB penalty bound for 100-ps DGD and the CD tolerance 1.5 times of that of MLSE-equalized 10-Gbit/s 2-chip DPSK.
"It's a pleasure doing business with you":a study on customer involvement in B2B service innovation

Disclaimer This document contains a student thesis (bachelor's or master's), as authored by a student at Eindhoven University of Technology. Student theses are made available in the TU/e repository upon obtaining the required degree. The grade received is not published on the document as presented in the repository. The required complexity or quality of research of student theses may vary by program, and the required minimum study period may vary in duration.