Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Space-time correlation modeling of multielement antenna systems in mobile fading channels

For the analysis and design of multielement antenna systems in mobile fading channels, we need a model for the space-time cross correlation among the links of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel. We propose a general space-time cross correlation function for narrowband Rayleigh fading MIMO channels, where various parameters of interest such as angle spreads at the base station and the user, the distance between the base station and the user, mean directions of the signal arrivals, array configurations, and Doppler spread are all taken into account. The new space-time cross correlation function includes all the relevant parameters of the MIMO narrowband Rayleigh fading channel in a clean compact form, suitable for both simulation and mathematical analysis. It also covers many known correlation models as special cases. We demonstrate the utility of the new space-time correlation model by clarifying the limitations of a widely-accepted correlation model for MIMO fading channels.
Low Growth Hormone Levels in Short-Stature Children with Pituitary Hyperplasia Secondary to Primary Hypothyroidism

Objective. The follow-up of GH levels in short-stature children with pituitary hyperplasia secondary to primary hypothyroidism (PPH) is reported in a few cases. We aimed to observe changes in GH secretion in short-stature children with PPH. Methods. A total of 11 short-stature children with PPH accompanied by low GH levels were included. They received levothyroxine therapy after diagnosis. Their thyroid hormones, IGF-1, PRL, and pituitary height were measured at baseline and 3 months after therapy. GH stimulation tests were performed at baseline and after regression of thyroid hormones and pituitary. Results. At baseline, they had decreased GH peak and FT3 and FT4 levels and elevated TSH levels. Decreased IGF-1 levels were found in seven children. Elevated PRL levels and positive thyroid antibodies were found in 10 children. The mean pituitary height was 14.3 ± 3.8 mm. After 3 months, FT3, FT4, and IGF-1 levels were significantly increased (all p < 0.01), and values of TSH, PRL, and pituitary height were significantly decreased (all p < 0.001). After 6 months, pituitary hyperplasia completely regressed. GH levels returned to normal in nine children and were still low in two children. Conclusion. GH secretion can be resolved in most short-stature children with PPH.
Humans' choice in a self-control choice situation: sensitivity to reinforcer amount, reinforcer delay, and overall reinforcement density.

Human subjects were exposed to a concurrent-chains schedule in which reinforcer amounts, delays, or both were varied in the terminal links, and consummatory responses were required to receive points that were later exchangeable for money. Two independent variable-interval 30-s schedules were in effect during the initial links, and delay periods were defined by fixed-time schedules. In Experiment 1, subjects were exposed to three different pairs of reinforcer amounts and delays, and sensitivity to reinforcer amount and delay was determined based on the generalized matching law. The relative responding (choice) of most subjects was more sensitive to reinforcer amount than to reinforcer delay. In Experiment 2, subjects chose between immediate smaller reinforcers and delayed larger reinforcers in five conditions with and without timeout periods that followed a shorter delay, in which reinforcer amounts and delays were combined to make different predictions based on local reinforcement density (i.e., points per delay) or overall reinforcement density (i.e., points per total time). In most conditions, subjects' choices were qualitatively in accord with the predictions from the overall reinforcement density calculated by the ratio of reinforcer amount and total time. Therefore, the overall reinforcement density appears to influence the preference of humans in the present self-control choice situation.
Automatic Epileptic Seizure Detection in EEG Signals Using Multi-Domain Feature Extraction and Nonlinear Analysis

Epileptic seizure detection is commonly implemented by expert clinicians with visual observation of electroencephalography (EEG) signals, which tends to be time consuming and sensitive to bias. The epileptic detection in most previous research suffers from low power and unsuitability for processing large datasets. Therefore, a computerized epileptic seizure detection method is highly required to eradicate the aforementioned problems, expedite epilepsy research and aid medical professionals. In this work, we propose an automatic epilepsy diagnosis framework based on the combination of multi-domain feature extraction and nonlinear analysis of EEG signals. Firstly, EEG signals are pre-processed by using the wavelet threshold method to remove the artifacts. We then extract representative features in the time domain, frequency domain, time-frequency domain and nonlinear analysis features based on the information theory. These features are further extracted in five frequency sub-bands based on the clinical interest, and the dimension of the original feature space is then reduced by using both a principal component analysis and an analysis of variance. Furthermore, the optimal combination of the extracted features is identified and evaluated via different classifiers for the epileptic seizure detection of EEG signals. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is investigated by using a public EEG database at the University Hospital Bonn, Germany. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed epileptic seizure detection method can achieve a high average accuracy of 99.25%, indicating a powerful method in the detection and classification of epileptic seizures. The proposed seizure detection scheme is thus hoped to eliminate the burden of expert clinicians when they are processing a large number of data by visual observation and to speed-up the epilepsy diagnosis.
Prolonged Effects of Concussion in High School Athletes

OBJECTIVE:To identify enduring prolonged neuropsychological effects of cerebral concussion in high school youth athletes. METHODS:High school athletes (n = 223) underwent baseline neuropsychological evaluation between 1999 and 2000, assigned to independent groups on the basis of concussion history: athletes with no concussion history or present medical and/or neuropsychological complaints (n = 82), symptom-free athletes who experienced one (n = 56) or two or more (n = 45) concussions (not in the prior 6 mo), and those who experienced a concussion 1 week before testing (n = 40). Main outcome measures included a structured clinical interview, demographic form, symptom checklist, the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, and the Trail Making Tests A and B. Analyses of variance were used to determine between-group differences. RESULTS:Athletes with recent concussions performed significantly worse on measures of attention and concentration than youth athletes with no concussion history. Symptom-free athletes with a history of two or more concussions performed similar on testing to youth athletes who had just experienced a recent concussion. Similarly, cumulative academic grade point averages were significantly lower not only for youth athletes with two or more previous concussion groups, but for youth athletes who experienced recent concussions, suggesting that athletes with lower grade point averages may be more prone to concussion. CONCLUSION:There seem to be subtle yet significant prolonged neuropsychological effects in youth athletes with a history of two or more previous concussions.
Rearing Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) chicks: is adoption more effective than the artificial intensive system?

1. Survival and weight gain of farmed Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) chicks reared by the adult males that adopted them were compared with those of chicks reared under an artificial intensive system. 2. Both variables were periodically recorded up to the age of 3 months. Gompertz growth curves were fitted to individual growth data using the average adult weight of this population as asymptote. 3. No significant differences in survival rate were detected between systems (adoption = 47%, intensive = 43%). However, during the first half of the breeding season (mid-spring to mid-summer), the growth rate of adopted chicks (0·01481) was higher than that of intensively reared chicks (0·01296). 4. The adoption system may be more effective in terms of growth, and is probably more efficient in cost/effectiveness than the artificial intensive technique most frequently used. Adoption by males has additional advantages, such as a correct imprinting of the chicks and the selection of more capable individuals. Therefore, it should be used not only commercially but also in conservation projects where individuals are released to the wild.
Questionnaire Measures of Affiliative Tendency and Sensitivity to Rejection

This paper reviewed evidence bearing on questionnaire measures of affiliative tendency and sensitivity to rejection (Mehrabian, 1970a). Subjects (n = 916 undergraduates) who scored higher on the measure of affiliative tendency behaved in a more affiliative way, were more ingratiating and elicited greater relaxation from the strangers they met. They were less anxious, elicited more positive attitudes, judged themselves and were judged to be more self-confident, and perceived themselves as more similar to others. Subjects who scored higher on the measure of sensitivity to rejection were strikingly different. They were less reaxed, more anxious, and were judged less positively, more negatively, and as less confident, even though they had positive impressions of the strangers they met. It has been shown that Dependency is simply an equally weighted sum of affiliative tendency and sensitivity to rejection.
Functional definitions of parietal areas in human and non-human primates

Establishing homologies between cortical areas in animal models and humans lies at the heart of translational neuroscience, as it demonstrates how knowledge obtained from these models can be applied to the human brain. Here, we review progress in using parallel functional imaging to ascertain homologies between parietal areas of human and non-human primates, species sharing similar behavioural repertoires. The human homologues of several areas along monkey IPS involved in action planning and observation, such as AIP, LIP and CIP, as well as those of opercular areas (SII complex), have been defined. In addition, uniquely human areas, such as the tool-use area in left anterior supramarginal gyrus, have also been identified.
Characterization of renal biomarkers for use in clinical trials: effect of preanalytical processing and qualification using samples from subjects with diabetes

Background Identifying the potential for drug-induced kidney injury is essential for the successful research and development of new drugs. Newer and more sensitive preclinical drug-induced kidney injury biomarkers are now qualified for use in rat toxicology studies, but biomarkers for clinical studies are still undergoing qualification. The current studies investigated biomarkers in healthy volunteer (HV) urine samples with and without the addition of stabilizer as well as in urine from patients with normoalbuminuric diabetes mellitus (P-DM). Methods Urine samples from 20 male HV with stabilizer, 69 male HV without stabilizer, and 95 male DM without stabilizer (39 type 1 and 56 type 2) were analyzed for the following bio-markers using multiplex assays: α-1-microglobulin (A1M), β-2-microglobulin, calbindin, clus-terin, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), creatinine, cystatin-C, glutathione S-transferase α (GSTα), kidney injury marker-1 (KIM-1), microalbumin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, osteopontin, Tamm–Horsfall urinary glycoprotein (THP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), and vascular endothelial growth factor. Results CTGF and GSTα assays on nonstabilized urine were deemed nonoptimal (>50% of values below assay lower limits of quantification). “Expected values” were determined for HV with stabilizer, HV without stabilizer, and P-DM without stabilizer. There was a statistically significant difference between HV with stabilizer compared to HV without stabilizer for A1M, CTGF, GSTα, and THP. DM urine samples differed from HV (without stabilizer) for A1M CTGF, GSTα, KIM-1, microalbumin, osteopontin, and TFF3. A1M also correctly identified HV and DM with an accuracy of 89.0%. Summary These studies: 1) determined that nonstabilized urine can be used for assays under qualification; and 2) documented that A1M, CTGF, GSTα, KIM-1, microalbumin, osteopontin, and TFF3 were significantly increased in urine from P-DM. In addition, the 89.0% accuracy of A1M in distinguishing P-DM from HV may allow this biomarker to be used to monitor efficacy of potential renal protective agents.
Functional comparison of the yeast scERV1 and scERV2 genes

The yeast scERV1 gene is the first representative of a new emerging gene family. Its gene product is essential for the yeast cell and is involved in the biogenesis of mitochondria and the regulation of the cell cycle. Recently the general importance of the gene for the eukaryotic cell was shown by the identification of a structural and functional human homologue. The homologous mammalian ALR (augmenter of liver regeneration) genes from man, mouse and rat are important for different developmental stages of the organism as for example in spermatogenesis and the regeneration of damaged liver organs. Latest research identified an intron with an unusual 3′ branch site in the 5′ region of the yeast scERV1 gene. Analysis of the now available complete genome sequence from Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified a second yeast gene with homologies to scERV1 on chromosome 16. The corresponding gene product has a length of 196 amino acids similar to the 189 residues of the scERV1 protein and exhibits 30% identical amino acid residues in the highly conserved carboxy‐terminal part of the polypeptides. Because of the structural similarities the new gene will be termed scERV2 from now on. For the scERV1 gene product it has just been shown that it is associated with yeast mitochondria. Analysis of the amino‐terminal part of the putative scERV2 protein also identifies a typical leader sequence for import into mitochondria. The comparison of cDNA and genomic DNA from the scERV2 gene shows that no intron is present in this gene. To investigate the functional relation between the two yeast genes disruption experiments and complementation studies of mutants from scERV1 were performed. In addition the expression of messenger RNA under 15 different growth conditions was investigated by detailed Northern hybridization studies. Both genes show a complex and distinct expression pattern for their transcripts and are highly regulated under different physiological conditions. Moreover correct and efficient splicing of the transcript from the scERV1 gene was found to vary with the physiological state of the yeast cell, as further verified by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis of transcripts from galactose‐grown yeast cells. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Acute Restraint Stress on Plasma Levels of Prolactin and Corticosterone across Life-History Stages in a Short-Lived Bird: Gambel’s White-Crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii)

The general reproductive effort model attempts to predict the resources that will be allocated to a current reproductive bout or to future survival by aborting the current reproductive attempt. Life-history theory predicts that short-lived species should devote more resources toward a reproductive event because brood value is far greater compared with that of long-lived species that have multiple breeding opportunities. Previous bird studies have used patterns of hormone secretion to understand the regulation of parental investment in response to environmental challenges, such as stress. The two key hormones investigated have been prolactin, which promotes parental investment, and corticosterone, which can reduce parental investment. Research on long-lived seabirds showed that prolactin levels decrease in response to a stressor, but the magnitude of the decline was positively correlated with future reproductive potential. However, little is known about the role of prolactin in short-lived species. Here we present prolactin and corticosterone data from a short-lived Arctic breeding, migratory songbird—the white-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii—at multiple stages of the breeding and nonbreeding seasons following standardized acute restraint stress. These data show that both prolactin and corticosterone are modulated seasonally. Corticosterone levels increased significantly in response to acute restraint stress during the breeding season in both sexes, but prolactin levels did not change in response to acute restraint stress at any stage of the annual cycle. We found no relationship between corticosterone or prolactin at either baseline or peak induced levels during any stage of breeding.
Joint resource allocation for outdoor and indoor UEs in heterogeneous data and energy integrated communication networks

Data and energy integrated communication networks (DEINs) have emerged for simultaneously realising both of wireless energy transfer and wireless data transfer by exploiting radio-frequency signals. A heterogeneous DEIN is studied, which consists of both indoor and outdoor user equipments (UEs). In order to characterise the diverse data and energy requirements of UEs, a utility function is defined in terms of signal-to-interference-pus-noise-ratio (SINR). Furthermore, a time-reuse energy harvesting TDMA (TR-EH-TDMA) enabled resource allocation is formulated for the sake of improving the resource utilization and of optimising the overall system utility. An iterative algorithm for joint time and power allocation is developed for obtaining the optimal resource allocation scheme. The numerical results demonstrate the advantage of our TR-EH-TDMA enabled resource allocation scheme over the other existing counterparts.
An Effective Expert Team Formation in Social Networks Based on Skill Grading

In this paper, a novel approach for forming an effective expert team in social network is proposed by using of skill grading and minimum communication cost. In this work, first a framework is recommended to determine skill level of experts based on their skill abilities and their collaboration among expert neighbors. Second, the existing diameter algorithm is extended to its more generalized version. Third, the communication cost is customized by presenting the cost metric containing both distance and skill grade of individuals. The experimental results show the advantages of this method which using DBLP co-authorship graph through an effective and efficient expert team in practice.
Temporal Evolution of Susceptibility Artifacts from Coiled Aneurysms on MR Angiography: An In Vivo Canine Study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracranial aneurysms treated by coiling have a risk for recurrence, requiring surveillance imaging. MRA has emerged as an attractive technique for postcoiling aneurysm imaging. Previous research has evaluated MR imaging artifacts of the coil mass in vitro. Our aim in this study was to evaluate MR imaging artifacts of coiled aneurysms in vivo with time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four sidewall aneurysms were created in each of 4 dogs. Aneurysms were embolized receiving only 1 type of coils. After embolization, the animals were transferred to MR imaging, which included axial 3D TOF MRA (TEs, 3.5, 5, and 6.9 ms), phase-contrast MRA, and coronal CE-MRA. MR imaging studies were repeated at 1, 4, 6, 8, 14, and 28 weeks. We calculated an OEF: OEF = VA/VCM, where the numerator represents the volume of the MR imaging artifacts and the denominator is the true volume of the coil mass measured by 3D RA. RESULTS: OEFs were largest immediately after embolization and showed a gradual decay until approximately 4 weeks, when there was stabilization of the size of the artifacts. By 4 weeks, there was mild coil compaction (average coil mass volume decrease of 7.8%); however, the OEFs decreased by 25% after 4 weeks (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: MR imaging susceptibility artifacts change with time, being maximal in the postembolization setting and decaying until 4 weeks. The clinical implications of this study are that baseline MRA for comparison with future imaging should be acquired at a minimum of 1 week after the procedure.
Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study.

BACKGROUND The finding of a decrease in contralateral breast cancer incidence following tamoxifen administration for adjuvant therapy led to the concept that the drug might play a role in breast cancer prevention. To test this hypothesis, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project initiated the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (P-1) in 1992. METHODS Women (N=13388) at increased risk for breast cancer because they 1) were 60 years of age or older, 2) were 35-59 years of age with a 5-year predicted risk for breast cancer of at least 1.66%, or 3) had a history of lobular carcinoma in situ were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n=6707) or 20 mg/day tamoxifen (n=6681) for 5 years. Gail's algorithm, based on a multivariate logistic regression model using combinations of risk factors, was used to estimate the probability (risk) of occurrence of breast cancer over time. RESULTS Tamoxifen reduced the risk of invasive breast cancer by 49% (two-sided P<.00001), with cumulative incidence through 69 months of follow-up of 43.4 versus 22.0 per 1000 women in the placebo and tamoxifen groups, respectively. The decreased risk occurred in women aged 49 years or younger (44%), 50-59 years (51%), and 60 years or older (55%); risk was also reduced in women with a history of lobular carcinoma in situ (56%) or atypical hyperplasia (86%) and in those with any category of predicted 5-year risk. Tamoxifen reduced the risk of noninvasive breast cancer by 50% (two-sided P<.002). Tamoxifen reduced the occurrence of estrogen receptor-positive tumors by 69%, but no difference in the occurrence of estrogen receptor-negative tumors was seen. Tamoxifen administration did not alter the average annual rate of ischemic heart disease; however, a reduction in hip, radius (Colles'), and spine fractures was observed. The rate of endometrial cancer was increased in the tamoxifen group (risk ratio = 2.53; 95% confidence interval = 1.35-4.97); this increased risk occurred predominantly in women aged 50 years or older. All endometrial cancers in the tamoxifen group were stage I (localized disease); no endometrial cancer deaths have occurred in this group. No liver cancers or increase in colon, rectal, ovarian, or other tumors was observed in the tamoxifen group. The rates of stroke, pulmonary embolism, and deep-vein thrombosis were elevated in the tamoxifen group; these events occurred more frequently in women aged 50 years or older. CONCLUSIONS Tamoxifen decreases the incidence of invasive and noninvasive breast cancer. Despite side effects resulting from administration of tamoxifen, its use as a breast cancer preventive agent is appropriate in many women at increased risk for the disease.
Critique of Self-Actualization Theory.

Edward Hoffman's (Editor) Note. It is ironic that Abraham H. Maslow's humanistic approach has been criticized as ignoring the need for empirical validation, because he always invited precisely such criticism from colleagues. In the late 1960s Maslow even worried over the fact that his speculations were being too eagerly accepted as “gospel” rather than as scientific theory. In this unpublished paper written in October, 1966, Maslow sought to make explicit some of humanistic psychology's unproven axioms and assumptions.