Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International Space Station power system requirements models and simulation

International Space Station (ISS) Payload Engineering Integration (PEI) organization adopted the advanced computation and simulation technology to develop integrated electrical system models based on the test data of the various sub-units to addressing specific power system design requirements. This system model was used to assess the power system requirements for assuring: (1) Compatibility of loads with delivered power, (2) Compatibility of loads with protective devices, (3) Stability of integrated system, and (4) Fault tolerance of the EPS and other loads. PEI utilizes EMA Design Automation PSPICE software for modeling and simulating the steady-state voltage, voltage transients, reverse current, surge current, source and load impedance, large signal stability, and fault characteristics of the integrated electrical systems based on the various sub-unit test data. PSPICE provides dynamic system modeling, simulation and data analysis for large-scale system integration. Modeling is valuable at the initial design stage since it enables experimentation, exploration and development without expensive and time-consuming modifications. However, with the complexity of the system interactions among all sub-units provided by various developers and suppliers, it is difficult to model an integrated system or verify that a system model meets all the requirements of its design specifications. In addition, the changes to system requirements demand frequent redesigns and reimplementation of many systems and sub-unit components. The benefits provided by modeling from conventional test data are: (1) Relatively low cost, (2) Identification of potential system integration problems early in the program, (3) Extrapolation of test data to verify system performance to cover the entire operating envelope, (4) Provide flexibility in development system integration modeling. The modeling of an integrated system based on system and sub-unit test data enable organizations to predict and improve system performance and to conduct efficient trade studies of system architecture. This comprehensive model can then be used directly in standard downstream processes such as rapid prototyping and risk mitigation in the product life cycle. The detailed modeling from conventional data will be discussed in the presentation.
Brain Localization and Neurotoxicity Evaluation of Polysorbate 80-Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles in Rats

The toxicity evaluation of inorganic nanoparticles has been reported by an increasing number of studies, but toxicity studies concerned with biodegradable nanoparticles, especially the neurotoxicity evaluation, are still limited. For example, the potential neurotoxicity of Polysorbate 80-modified chitosan nanoparticles (Tween 80-modified chitosan nanoparticles, TmCS-NPs), one of the most widely used brain targeting vehicles, remains unknown. In the present study, TmCS-NPs with a particle size of 240 nm were firstly prepared by ionic cross-linking of chitosan with tripolyphosphate. Then, these TmCS-NPs were demonstrated to be entered into the brain and specially deposited in the frontal cortex and cerebellum after systemic injection. Moreover, the concentration of TmCS-NPs in these two regions was found to decrease over time. Although no obvious changes were observed for oxidative stress in the in vivo rat model, the body weight was found to remarkably decreased in a dose-dependent manner after exposure to TmCS-NPs for seven days. Besides, apoptosis and necrosis of neurons, slight inflammatory response in the frontal cortex, and decrease of GFAP expression in the cerebellum were also detected in mouse injected with TmCS-NPs. This study is the first report on the sub-brain biodistribution and neurotoxicity studies of TmCS-NPs. Our results provide new insights into the toxicity evaluation of nanoparticles and our findings would help contribute to a better understanding of the neurotoxicity of biodegradable nanomaterials used in pharmaceutics.
Role of kinesin light chain‐2 of kinesin‐1 in the traffic of Na,K‐ATPase‐containing vesicles in alveolar epithelial cells

Recruitment of the Na,K‐ATPase to the plasma membrane of alveolar epithelial cells results in increased active Na+ transport and fluid clearance in a process that requires an intact microtubule network. However, the microtubule motors involved in this process have not been identified. In the present report, we studied the role of kinesin‐1, a plus‐end microtubule molecular motor that has been implicated in the movement of organelles in the Na,K‐ATPase traffic. We determined by confocal microscopy and biochemical assays that kinesin‐1 and the Na,K‐ATPase are present in the same membranous cellular compartment. Knockdown of kinesin‐1 heavy chain (KHC) or the light chain‐2 (KLC2), but not of the light chain‐1 (KLC1), decreased the movement of Na,K‐ATPase‐containing vesicles when compared to sham siRNA‐transfected cells (control group). Thus, a specific isoform of kinesin‐1 is required for microtubule‐dependent recruitment of Na,K‐ATPase to the plasma membrane, which is of physiological significance—Trejo, H. E. , Lecuona, E. , Grillo, D. , Szleifer, I. , Nekrasova, O. E. , Gelfand, V. I. , Sznajder, J. I. Role of kinesin light chain‐2 of kinesin‐1 in the traffic of Na,K‐ATPase‐containing vesicles in alveolar epithelial cells. FASEB J. 24, 374–382 (2010). www.fasebj. org
Interferon and low doses of methotrexate versus interferon and retinoids in the treatment of refractory/relapsed cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Abstract Objectives Treatment of refractory/relapsed cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) remains controversial, most studies included a few patients with a short follow-up. Previously, we performed two small studies employing interferon alpha 2b (IFN) combined with low doses of methotrexate (MTX) or retinoids. Thus, we conducted an open-label clinical trial to assess the benefit and toxicity of the two mentioned regimens in a large number of patients with a longer follow-up of the treatment of refractory/relapsed CTCL. Patients and methods Three-hundred and seventy-seven patients with refractory/relapsed, pathologically confirmed, CTCL, with advanced stages and at least treated with two previous effective regimens in CTCL, were randomized to receive IFN and low doses of MTX compared with IFN and all trans-retinoid acid during 6 months; if a complete response (CR) was not achieved, treatment was continued until 12 months in both arms. At this time, if patient achieves CR, MTX or retinoid was stopped, and the patient continues to receive IFN until progression disease or toxicity. One-hundred and eight patients received IFN for more than 5 years. Results Toxicity was minimal and well tolerated, no patients needed to modify the administration of IFN secondary to toxicity. The overall complete response was achieved 80% in both arms. Actuarial curves at 5 years showed that progression-free survival was 60% in the IFN/MTX group and 62% in the IFN/retinoids group (P = 0.8) that were not statistically different and overall survival (OS) rates were 70 and 67%, respectively (P = 0.03). Discussion Both present schedules showed good tolerance and an excellent OS at 5 years, which is better than the other, more expensive and toxic, regimens. Considering the indolent course of CTCL, we suggested that those regimens, mentioned in this paper, will be regarded as the standard therapy, for patients of this setting. Conclusion The use of IFN and retinoids or low dose of cytotoxic drugs will be preferred in patients with refractory/relapse CTCL, because OS is good and toxicity is minimal.
APPLICATION OF A QUESTIONNAIRE TO DESCRIBE TEACHER COMMUNICATION BEHAVIOUR AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH STUDENTS IN SCIENCE IN TURKEY

Teachers contribute enormously to a positive social climate at science classes, particularly through their communication with students. In the study described in this article, a questionnaire (The Teacher Communication Behaviour Questionnaire (TCBQ)) developed by She and Fisher (2000) was applied. TCBQ can be used to assess students' perceptions of science teachers' interpersonal communication behaviours in their classroom learning environments. TCBQ has five scales: Challenging, Encouragement and Praise, Non-Verbal Support, Understanding and Friendly, and Controlling. The TCBQ was applied with a large sample of secondary science students in Turkey. Girls perceived their teachers as more understanding and friendly, encouragement and praise than did boys, and teachers in biological and chemistry science classrooms exhibited more favourable behaviour toward their students than did those in physical science classrooms.
Semantic middleware: multi-layer abstract semantics inference for object categorization

In this paper, we present a hierarchical model, named as Multi-layer Abstract Semantics Inference (MASI), based on Bag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW) to solve the problem of universal image categorization, including typical and zero-shot image categorization. An abstract hierarchical semantics learning method is proposed in the training step by extracting and selecting abstract visual words in a bottom-up way to train abstract semantic classifiers. For a testing image, its category is estimated layer-by-layer from top to bottom according to its corresponding hierarchical categories. Experimental results on popular image datasets have shown that the proposed method achieves better performance compared with traditional learning methods.
Medical and psychosocial determinants of risk of postpartum depression: a cross-sectional study

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of risk of maternal postpartum depression during the second month of puerperium. Method In total, 387 postnatal women filled out a questionnaire concerning their health and social status, as well as the following tests: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Neo Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Personality Inventory and the Berlin Social Support Scales. After 4–8 weeks, patients responded to another questionnaire with the EPDS and the PHQ-9. Results In total, 48 patients (12.40%) were found to be at risk of postpartum depression between the fourth and eighth weeks after delivery. Premenstrual syndrome [adjusted odds ratio (ORa)=2.93, confidence interval (CI) 1.30–6.63] and EPDS>12 points during the first week after the delivery (ORa=3.74, CI 1.59–9.04) increased the risk of postnatal depression. A similar role is played by a high result in neuroticism scale of the NEO-FFI (ORa=1.50, CI 1.17–1.92) and a positive family history of any psychiatric disorder (ORa=1.03, CI 1.01–1.06). Conclusion A history of premenstrual syndrome and a higher risk of affective disorder soon after a childbirth are associated with greater chances of depressive symptoms in the second month postpartum. This is also the case if a patient is neurotic and has a relative with a history of any psychiatric disorder. Such women should have their mental status carefully evaluated.
Clima de Segurança no Trabalho Hospitalar: adaptação de medida (ClimaSeg-H)

espanolEl constructo clima de seguridad comprende percepciones de normas, creencias, valores y practicas compartidas sobre el riesgo y seguridad en el ambiente de trabajo, es un importante indicador en la prevencion de accidentes y la promocion de salud en el trabajo. En relacion con el contexto hospitalario, profesionales de salud estan expuestos diariamente a numerosos riesgos como lesiones posturales, accidentes con objetos punzantes y estres laboral. Vista la importancia de este constructo y la falta de instrumentos psicologicos para su medicion en muestras brasilenas, este estudio tuvo como objetivo la adaptacion de una medida, ademas de explorar la relacion de las dimensiones que se encuentran con aspectos del trabajo en ambito hospitalario. En total, 278 profesionales de salud participaron en esta investigacion, la medida final mostro resultados coherentes en los indicadores de validez y fiabilidad, asi como correlaciones significativas y altos con los aspectos de las condiciones de trabajo EnglishThe safety climate construct comprises perceptions of norms, beliefs, values and shared practices on risk and safety in the workplace: it is an important indicator in accident prevention and worker health promotion. Regarding the hospital contexts, health professionals are exposed daily to many kinds of risk, such as postural injuries, accidents involving sharp objects, and occupational stress. Given the importance of this construct and the lack of psychometric instruments for its measurement in Brazilian samples, this study aimed to adapt a measure and, in addition, sought to explore the relationship of the found dimensions to work aspects of hospital settings. In total, 278 health professionals participated in the survey, the final instrument showed consistent results in validity and reliability indicators, as well as significant and elevated correlations with aspects of working conditions portuguesO construto clima de seguranca compreende percepcoes de normas, crencas, valores e praticas sobre risco e seguranca em ambiente de trabalho compartilhadas, sendo um indicador importante na prevencao de acidentes e na promocao de saude do trabalhador. Em relacao a contextos hospitalares, profissionais da saude sao expostos diariamente a diferentes tipos de risco, tais como lesoes posturais, acidentes com residuos perfurocortantes e estresse ocupacional. Dada a importância do referido construto e a falta de instrumentos psicometricos para sua mensuracao em amostras brasileiras, o presente estudo teve por objetivo a adaptacao de uma medida, alem de buscar explorar a relacao das dimensoes encontradas com aspectos de trabalho em contextos hospitalares. No total, 278 profissionais de saude participaram da pesquisa, o instrumento final apresentou resultados consistentes quanto aos indicadores de validade e confiabilidade, bem como correlacoes significativas e elevadas com aspectos de condicoes de trabalho
Cortical Axons, Isolated in Channels, Display Activity-Dependent Signal Modulation as a Result of Targeted Stimulation

Mammalian cortical axons are extremely thin processes that are difficult to study as a result of their small diameter: they are too narrow to patch while intact, and super-resolution microscopy is needed to resolve single axons. We present a method for studying axonal physiology by pairing a high-density microelectrode array with a microfluidic axonal isolation device, and use it to study activity-dependent modulation of axonal signal propagation evoked by stimulation near the soma. Up to three axonal branches from a single neuron, isolated in different channels, were recorded from simultaneously using 10–20 electrodes per channel. The axonal channels amplified spikes such that propagations of individual signals along tens of electrodes could easily be discerned with high signal to noise. Stimulation from 10 up to 160 Hz demonstrated similar qualitative results from all of the cells studied: extracellular action potential characteristics changed drastically in response to stimulation. Spike height decreased, spike width increased, and latency increased, as a result of reduced propagation velocity, as the number of stimulations and the stimulation frequencies increased. Quantitatively, the strength of these changes manifested itself differently in cells at different frequencies of stimulation. Some cells' signal fidelity fell to 80% already at 10 Hz, while others maintained 80% signal fidelity at 80 Hz. Differences in modulation by axonal branches of the same cell were also seen for different stimulation frequencies, starting at 10 Hz. Potassium ion concentration changes altered the behavior of the cells causing propagation failures at lower concentrations and improving signal fidelity at higher concentrations.
Minimizing the Number of States in Incompletely Specified Sequential Switching Functions

Given a sequential switching function in the form of a flow table in which some of the entries are unspecified, the problem of reducing the number of rows in that flow table is extremely complex, and cannot, in general, be solved by any simple extension of the methods used for completely specified functions. An analysis of the problem is presented, and a partially enumerative solution is evolved. A rough indication of the efficiency of the given procedures may be obtained from the fact that these techniques have been successfully applied to approximately two dozen tables ranging up to about 15 rows. No solution required more than two hours.
Full-duplex cooperative cognitive radio networks

In this paper, we study the impact of a full-duplex secondary node on a cognitive cooperative network with Multipacket Reception (MPR) capabilities at the receivers. Motivated by recent schemes that make full-duplex communication feasible, we study a model with one primary and one secondary transmitter-receiver pair, where the secondary transmitter is able to relay primary unsuccessful packets. Cooperation between primary and secondary users has been previously shown to be beneficial for the primary and the secondary users in terms of stable throughput. Our model assumes an imperfect full-duplex secondary node that can transmit and receive simultaneously, cancelling self-interference to a certain extent. Furthermore, we assume that the secondary transmitter chooses between cooperating with the primary user and transmitting secondary packets probabilistically according to some optimized probabilities that depend on both the channels in the network and the state of the primary user. We determine these probabilities by formulating a constrained optimization problem with the secondary throughput as the objective function and the stability of the primary queues as constraints. Using the dominant system approach, we show that the optimization problem has a quasi-concave structure, to which the optimal solution can be easily found. Using Numerical results, we characterize the cases where the full-duplex capability is beneficial to the system, namely, we show that the full-duplex secondary node greatly increases both the secondary throughput and the primary maximum stable throughput in channels with receivers that have strong MPR capability.
Cognitive radio for disaster response networks: survey, potential, and challenges

In the wake of a natural or man-made disaster, restoration of telecommunications is essential. First responders must coordinate their responses, immediate casualties require assistance, and all affected citizens may need to access information and contact friends and relatives. Existing access and core infrastructure may be damaged or destroyed, so to support the required services, new infrastructure must be rapidly deployed and integrated with undamaged resources still in place. This new equipment should be flexible enough to interoperate with legacy systems and heterogeneous technologies. The ability to selforganize is essential in order to minimize any delays associated with manual configuration. Finally, it must be robust and reliable enough to support mission-critical applications. Wireless systems can be more easily reconfigured than wired solutions to adapt to the various changes in the operating environment that can occur in a disaster scenario. A cognitive radio is one that can observe its operating environment, make decisions and reconfigure in response to these observations, and learn from experience. This article examines the use of cognitive radio technologies for disaster response networks and shows that they are ideally suited to fulfill the unique requirements of these networks. Key enabling technologies for realizing real-world cognitive radio networks for disaster response are discussed and core challenges are examined.
Global human appropriation of net primary production doubled in the 20th century

Global increases in population, consumption, and gross domestic product raise concerns about the sustainability of the current and future use of natural resources. The human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) provides a useful measure of human intervention into the biosphere. The productive capacity of land is appropriated by harvesting or burning biomass and by converting natural ecosystems to managed lands with lower productivity. This work analyzes trends in HANPP from 1910 to 2005 and finds that although human population has grown fourfold and economic output 17-fold, global HANPP has only doubled. Despite this increase in efficiency, HANPP has still risen from 6.9 Gt of carbon per y in 1910 to 14.8 GtC/y in 2005, i.e., from 13% to 25% of the net primary production of potential vegetation. Biomass harvested per capita and year has slightly declined despite growth in consumption because of a decline in reliance on bioenergy and higher conversion efficiencies of primary biomass to products. The rise in efficiency is overwhelmingly due to increased crop yields, albeit frequently associated with substantial ecological costs, such as fossil energy inputs, soil degradation, and biodiversity loss. If humans can maintain the past trend lines in efficiency gains, we estimate that HANPP might only grow to 27–29% by 2050, but providing large amounts of bioenergy could increase global HANPP to 44%. This result calls for caution in refocusing the energy economy on land-based resources and for strategies that foster the continuation of increases in land-use efficiency without excessively increasing ecological costs of intensification.
Refining query previews techniques for data with multivalued attributes: the case of NASA EOSDIS

Query Previews allow users to rapidly gain an understanding of the content and scope of a digital data collection. These previews present overviews of abstracted metadata, enabling users to rapidly and dynamically avoid undesired data. We present our recent work on developing query previews for a variety of NASA EOSDIS situations. We focus on approaches that successfully address the challenge of multi-valued attribute data. Memory requirements and processing time associated with running these new solutions remain independent of the number of records in the dataset. We describe two techniques and their respective prototypes used to preview NASA Earth science data.
Primary HIV-1 Infection Among Infants in Sub-Saharan Africa: HPTN 024

Objectives:Our objectives were to assess clinical signs and diagnoses associated with primary HIV-1 infection among infants. Methods:We analyzed data from a clinical trial (HIV Prevention Trials Network Protocol 024) in sub-Saharan Africa. Study visits were conducted at birth, at 4-6 weeks, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The study population comprised live born, singleton, first-born infants of HIV-1-infected women with negative HIV-1 RNA assays who were still breastfeeding at 4-6 weeks. Results:Of 1317 HIV-1-exposed infants, 84 became HIV-1 infected after 4-6 weeks and 1233 remained uninfected. There were 102 primary and 5650 nonprimary infection visits. The most common signs were cough and diarrhea, and the most common diagnoses were malaria and pneumonia. Primary infection was associated with significantly increased odds of diarrhea [odds ratio (OR) = 2.4], pneumonia (OR = 3.5), otitis media (OR = 3.1), and oral thrush (OR = 2.9). For the clinical signs and diagnoses evaluated, sensitivity was low (1%-16.7%) and specificity was high (88.2%-99%). Positive predictive values ranged from 0.1%-1.4%. Negative predictive values ranged from 28.0%-51.1%. Conclusions:Certain clinical signs and diagnoses, although more common during primary HIV-1 infection, had low sensitivity and high specificity. Efforts to expand access to laboratory assays for the diagnosis of primary HIV-1 infection among infants of HIV-1-infected women should be emphasized.