Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concomitant herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus endotheliitis in immunocompetent patient

A case of an immunocompetent 51-year-old healthy man with chronic recurrent disciform corneal oedema and hypertensive anterior uveitis in the right eye for 2 years was unresponsive to topical corticosteroid and systemic acyclovir. Diagnostic anterior chamber tapping was performed and viral DNA PCR was positive for both cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus. The patient was treated with both oral valganciclovir for 3 months and long-term oral acyclovir. His condition improved significantly after the treatment; intraocular pressure and anterior chamber inflammation were controlled and the remaining keratic precipitates in the cornea started to clear up.
WHAT DETERMINES THE NON-PERFORMING LOANS RATIO: EVIDENCE FROM TURKISH COMMERCIAL BANKS

In this paper I investigate the determinants of non-performing loans (NPLs) ratio for commercial banks in Turkey by incorporating bank specific and macroeconomic variables. I find that banks with a higher equity to total assets ratio and a higher net interest margin are expected to have a higher NPLs ratio whereas an increase in net loans to total assets ratio is expected to reduce the NPLs. The results also reveal that public banks and foreign banks are expected to have a higher NPLs ratio. In terms of macroeconomic variables GDP growth shows its effect on NPLs with a lag and a domestic currency depreciation is expected to deteriorate the loan portfolios of commercial banks.
Edgelist phase unwrapping algorithm for time series InSAR analysis.

We present here a new integer programming formulation for phase unwrapping of multidimensional data. Phase unwrapping is a key problem in many coherent imaging systems, including time series synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR), with two spatial and one temporal data dimensions. The minimum cost flow (MCF) [IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 36, 813 (1998)] phase unwrapping algorithm describes a global cost minimization problem involving flow between phase residues computed over closed loops. Here we replace closed loops by reliable edges as the basic construct, thus leading to the name "edgelist. " Our algorithm has several advantages over current methods-it simplifies the representation of multidimensional phase unwrapping, it incorporates data from external sources, such as GPS, where available to better constrain the unwrapped solution, and it treats regularly sampled or sparsely sampled data alike. It thus is particularly applicable to time series InSAR, where data are often irregularly spaced in time and individual interferograms can be corrupted with large decorrelated regions. We show that, similar to the MCF network problem, the edgelist formulation also exhibits total unimodularity, which enables us to solve the integer program problem by using efficient linear programming tools. We apply our method to a persistent scatterer-InSAR data set from the creeping section of the Central San Andreas Fault and find that the average creep rate of 22 mm/Yr is constant within 3 mm/Yr over 1992-2004 but varies systematically with ground location, with a slightly higher rate in 1992-1998 than in 1999-2003.
A framework for building type-safe configurations for JVM using code generation techniques

One of the common errors in software development is a configuration mistake. This type of error can have a wide range of severity levels. Consequences of a wrong configuration can be small and insignificant such as a website showing an incorrect font type, or large and consequential such as deleting customer data, incorrect price calculation, or charging a fee twice. In addition, an incorrect configuration may introduce subtle and lurking vulnerabilities into a system. Statically typed programming languages generally can mitigate these kinds of problems to some extent. At compile time, a compiler can detect incorrect types as well as other common mistakes such as some typographical errors, invalid type coercions, and invalid object references. It goes without saying that developers need to correct all compile-time errors before a project can be built. However, hardcoded configurations are not desirable since the input data cannot be changed without rebuilding a project. Due to this inflexibility, external configuration files are needed, but they bring back some thorny issues since the compiler cannot validate the types in those files. Adding validation logic does not substantially mitigate this problem because it is activated at runtime, and errors may not be discovered until a project is deployed to production servers. An external configuration file somewhat lessens the benefit of static type-checking that a compiler provides. Furthermore, string keys are needed for linking the variables in the source code to the values in configuration files. If a key is required to be renamed, it should be renamed in both configuration file and source code. Otherwise, the link will be broken. We propose a new framework that can generate source code from configuration files during development. Many configuration file formats support basic data types and nested object structure which can be mapped to Java types and the Java static nested class. The configuration library that we used is config by typesafehub. The library supports the Human-Optimized Config Object Notation (HOCON) file format which is a superset of the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). The library's objects are encapsulated in the generated configuration object, which cannot be directly accessed by developers. We discovered that this method can prevent some types of human errors, and it also takes advantage of the validation provided by a compiler. The configuration key is no longer a string, rather a chain of methods or attributes, which is more flexible and type-safe. The configuration objects and their values are immutable. The complexity of how mutable values are converted to immutable ones is hidden from the developers. There are a number of other subtle details that are addressed in the paper, as well as some limitations and enhancements.
Measuring the extent of abortion underreporting in the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth.

CONTEXT Induced abortions are often severely underreported in national surveys, hampering the estimation and analysis of unintended pregnancies. To improve the level of abortion reporting, the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) incorporated new interview and self-report procedures, as well as a monetary incentive to respondents. METHODS The weighted numbers of abortions reported in the main interview of the 1995 NSFG (Cycle 5), in the self-report and in the two procedures combined are compared with abortion estimates from The Alan Guttmacher Institute. The Cycle 5 estimates are also compared with estimates from previous cycles of the NSFG. RESULTS The self-report produces better reporting than the main interview, but combining data from the two procedures yields the highest count of abortions. For the period 1991-1994, the level of reporting is 45% in the main interview, 52% in the self-report and 59% when the two methods are combined. The level of abortion reporting in the combined data ranges from 40% for women with an income less than the federal poverty level to more than 75% among women who were older than 35, those who were married at the time of their abortion and those with an income above 200% of the poverty level. The completeness of abortion reporting in the main interview of Cycle 5, though indicating a remarkable improvement over reporting in Cycle 4, is comparable to the levels in Cycles 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS The usefulness of the NSFG remains extremely limited for analyses involving unintended pregnancy and abortion.
Detecting BGP anomalies using machine learning techniques

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) anomalies affect network operations and, hence, their detection is of interest to researchers and practitioners. Various machine learning techniques have been applied for detection of such anomalies. In this paper, we first employ the minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) feature selection algorithms to extract the most relevant features used for classifying BGP anomalies and then apply the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithms for data classification. The SVM and LSTM algorithms are compared based on accuracy and F-score. Their performance was improved by choosing balanced data for model training.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, dan Leverage Dalam Memprediksi Financial Distress (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Aneka Industri yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2006-2010)

This study seeks to examine the effect of profitability, liquidity and leverage in predicting financial distress in various industrial companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study is various industrial companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2006 until 2010. Samples are determined by purposive sampling method, which are obtained from 46 companies. Data Analysis technique uses logistic regression analysis.Based on the results of logistic regression analysis with a significance level of 5%, then the results of this study conclude: (1) profitability as measured by return on asset has negative and significant effects in predicting financial distress. (2) Liquidity as measured by the current ratio has no effects in predicting financial distress (3) leverage as measured by debt ratio has positive and significant effects in predicting financial distress in Various Industrial Companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. The findings should be of interest to the company to perform corrective measures before financial distress gets more severe and leads to bankruptcy. Keywords : financial distress, profitability, liquidity and leverage
Innovation intensity as a driver of firm’s internationalization intensity: evidence for Poland

The aim of the article is an empirical identification of the relationship between the extent of innovation and the extent of internation- alization in the cross-sectional sample of firms from Poland. Firstly, both extents of innovation and of internationalization are defined, calculated and analyzed separately and then jointly. The mean changing characteristics of companies along two dimensions are depicted. Secondly, the nexus between internationalization and innovation is econometrically analyzed with the use of OLS, MNL, OL, and IV models. Thirdly, the role of both in the likelihood of firm-exports is assessed in a logit model.The obtained results are in line with the postulates of the firm heterogeneity theory. Productivity seems to be a principal driver of firm exports and firm internationalization. Positive correlation between innovation and internationalization extents is robust with the majority of firm’s inferior performance in both dimensions and, in particular, in comparison to the Western European counterparts. The joint distribution along the two analyzed dimensions shows a pyramidal structure with a peak at low levels of internationalization and innovation. There is some support for the causality going from innovation to internationalization. However, more research is necessary for a panel setting to verify this statement thoroughly.
Digital-Microfluidic Biochips

D igital-micro uidic biochips (DMFBs) are revolutionizing laboratory procedures for point-of-care clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and drug discovery. DMFBs allow bioassay protocols to be scaled down to droplet size. They’re executed by enabling precise control of discrete droplets using a patterned array of electrodes. Biochemistry’s inherent complexity means that operational errors due to unbalanced splitting or protein fouling might arise during bioassay execution (see Figure 1a). Therefore, a core challenge in operating DMFBs is to verify the correctness of uidic interactions; thus, an e cient DMFB design will require careful consideration of error recovery. In “E cient Error Recovery in Cyberphysical DigitalMicro uidic Biochips” (IEEE Trans. Multi-Scale Computing Systems, vol. 1, no. 1, 2015, pp. 46–58), we propose an online synthesis framework that supports error recovery in pin-constrained DMFBs and provide a comprehensive analysis of error recoverability. Given a general-purpose pinconstrained DMFB con guration connected to a real-time charge-coupled device camera system, we employed a dynamic adaptation technique to generate new schedules, placements, and droplet routes in response to errors (see Figure 1b).
Modulation of the composite face effect by unintended emotion cues

When upper and lower regions from different emotionless faces are aligned to form a facial composite, observers ‘fuse’ the two halves together, perceptually. The illusory distortion induced by task-irrelevant (‘distractor’) halves hinders participants' judgements about task-relevant (‘target’) halves. This composite-face effect reveals a tendency to integrate feature information from disparate regions of intact upright faces, consistent with theories of holistic face processing. However, observers frequently perceive emotion in ostensibly neutral faces, contrary to the intentions of experimenters. This study sought to determine whether this ‘perceived emotion’ influences the composite-face effect. In our first experiment, we confirmed that the composite effect grows stronger as the strength of distractor emotion increased. Critically, effects of distractor emotion were induced by weak emotion intensities, and were incidental insofar as emotion cues hindered image matching, not emotion labelling per se. In Experiment 2, we found a correlation between the presence of perceived emotion in a set of ostensibly neutral distractor regions sourced from commonly used face databases, and the strength of illusory distortion they induced. In Experiment 3, participants completed a sequential matching composite task in which half of the distractor regions were rated high and low for perceived emotion, respectively. Significantly stronger composite effects were induced by the high-emotion distractor halves. These convergent results suggest that perceived emotion increases the strength of the composite-face effect induced by supposedly emotionless faces. These findings have important implications for the study of holistic face processing in typical and atypical populations.
Valuation of Equity-Linked Life Insurance Contracts with Flexible Guarantees in a Non Gaussian Economy

In this paper, we focus on the pricing of a particular life insurance contract where the conditional payoff to the policyholder is the maximum of two risky assets. The first one has larger expected returns but is riskier while the second one is less risky but still can earn more than an investment in a risk-free asset. Of course this payoff can be seen as the result of an investment in the first asset and a long position in an exchange option. The latter was priced under Gaussian assumptions by Margrabe (1978). To take kurtosis into account the underlying dynamics have to be changed. In this paper, we suggest modeling the underlying dynamics of the second asset by a simple diffusion, i.e. a geometric Brownian motion with a low volatility while the riskier asset follows a jump diffusion. More precisely, this process has a Brownian component and a compound Poisson one, where jump size is driven by a double exponential distribution. This stochastic process introduced by Kou (2002) is easy to manage and proves to be a versatile tool. To price our life insurance contract, we use a generalized Fourier transform and obtain the solution numerically. As far as we know, this is the first paper to use this approach. This methodology proves to be very efficient both with respect to accuracy and to computational time. We also consider a contract with a fixed guarantee and price it while taking into account stochastic volatility.
RESISTANCE TRAINING AND DETRAINING EFFECTS ON FLEXIBILITY PERFORMANCE IN THE ELDERLY ARE INTENSITY‐DEPENDENT

The present investigation attempted to determine whether resistance exercise intensity affects flexibility and strength performance in the elderly following a 6-month resistance training and detraining period. Fifty-eight healthy, inactive older men (65–78 yrs) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: a control group (C, n = 10), a low-intensity resistance training group (LI, n = 14, 40% of 1 repetition maximum [1RM]), a moderate-intensity resistance training group (MI, n = 12, 60% of 1RM), or a high-intensity resistance training group (HI, n = 14, 80% of 1RM). Subjects in exercise groups followed a 3 days per week, whole-body (10 exercises, 3 sets per exercise) protocol for 24 weeks. Training was immediately followed by a 24-week detraining period. Strength (bench and leg press 1RM) and range of motion in trunk, elbow, knee, shoulder, and hip joints were measured at baseline and during training and detraining. Resistance training increased upper-(34% in LI, 48% in MI, and 75% in HI) and lower-body strength (38% in LI, 53% in MI, and 63% in HI) in an intensity-dependent manner. Flexibility demonstrated an intensity-dependent enhancement (3–12% in LI, 6–22% in MI, and 8–28% in HI). Detraining caused significant losses in strength (70–98% in LI, 44–50% in MI, and 27–29% in HI) and flexibility (90–110% in LI, 30–71% in MI, and 23–51% in HI) in an intensity-dependent manner. Results indicate that resistance training by itself improves flexibility in the aged. However, intensities greater than 60% of 1RM are more effective in producing flexibility gains, and strength improvement with resistance training is also intensity-dependent. Detraining seems to reverse training strength and flexibility gains in the elderly in an intensity-dependent manner.
Delay analysis of application level multicast on content addressable networks

Two approaches have been proposed for application level multicast on content addressable networks (CANs), implemented through tree-based and flooding-based methods. In this paper, we present simple analytical models for studying these two approaches. Using these models, we study the performance achieved by multicast groups as a function of their size, the variability in delays between neighbor nodes and the dimensionality of the underlying CAN. We see that at lower dimensions and lower group sizes the CAN flooding scheme performs better than the tree-based scheme. However as the dimensionality or the CAN increases and the group sizes increase the tree-based scheme performs better. We also propose and study a scheme for reducing delays in the tree based multicast scheme.
XML Processing. No Parsing

An improved shot wad structure has a longer outer wad cup, a shorter inner wad cup and a plastic wad insert, and is useful in a shotshell with hard shot pellets, such as steel or tungsten shot. The outer cup, formed of a soft, low tensile strength material, such as polyethylene, is capable of obturating combustion gases produced in a gun barrel when the shotshell is fired, whereas the inner cup, formed of a tough, high tensile strength material, such as nylon, is adapted to support a shot column and is capable of withstanding compressive forces generated by shot acceleration to protect the barrel from being scored by the hard shot. The wad insert, disposed within the outer cup above its bottom and below the bottom of the inner cup, is formed of a foam material which is one-way crushable for permitting insertion of the inner cup within the outer cup to any one of several different depths therein at which a corresponding number of different volumes of space are defined within the outer cup for containing shot columns of various shot load sizes. The wad insert once crushed still has sufficient compressive strength to support the inner cup at the desired depth within the outer cup.
Is my antibody‐staining specific? How to deal with pitfalls of immunohistochemistry

Immunohistochemistry is a sensitive and versatile method widely used to investigate the cyto‐ and chemoarchitecture of the brain. It is based on the high affinity and selectivity of antibodies for a single epitope. However, it is now recognized that the specificity of antibodies needs to be tested in control experiments to avoid false‐positive results due to non‐specific binding to tissue components or recognition of epitopes shared by several molecules. This ‘Technical Spotlight’ discusses other pitfalls, which are often overlooked, although they can strongly influence the outcome of immunohistochemical experiments. It also recapitulates the minimal set of information that should be provided in scientific publications to allow proper evaluation and replication of immunohistochemical experiments. In particular, tissue fixation and processing can have a strong impact on antigenicity by producing conformational changes to the epitopes, limiting their accessibility (epitope masking) or generating high non‐specific background. These effects are illustrated for an immunoperoxidase staining experiment with three antibodies differing in susceptibility to fixation, using tissue from mice processed under identical conditions, except for slight variations in tissue fixation. In these examples, specific immunostaining can be abolished depending on fixation strength, or detected only after prolonged postfixation. As a consequence, antibody characterization in immunohistochemistry should include their susceptibility towards fixation and determination of the optimal conditions for their use.
The role of sampling in clinical trial design

Abstract A treatment's recovery rate depends upon the percentage of clients who received the treatment and recovered. This rate is not logically interpretable as the personal probability of recovery of any individual client assigned to this treatment unless the rate is 0% or 100%. So clinical trials need to be designed to help us learn how to distinguish before treatment the sorts of clients who recover in response to each available form of treatment from those who do not. This requires our developing sufficiently comprehensive sampling of clients and client covariates as part of the design of clinical trials, which would be more likely and efficiently achieved were there centralized programmatic planning and coordination of the development of these aspects of clinical trial design.
Changing Business Models in International Bank Funding

This paper investigates the foreign funding mix of globally active banks. Using BIS international banking statistics for a panel of 12 advanced economies, we detect a structural break in international bank funding at the onset of the global financial crisis. In their post-break business model, banks rely less on cross-border liabilities and, instead, tap funds from outside their jurisdictions by making more active use of their subsidiaries and branches, as well as inter-office accounts within the same banking group.