Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of lactose uptake in resting and energized Escherichia coli cells: high rates of respiration inactivate the lac carrier

The transport of lactose by Escherichia coli cells was radically different in the absence and in the presence of an exogenous energy source: in the former case, the time course of lactose accumulation was monotonous; in the latter case, lactose accumulation reached a maximum and then decreased to a final steady-state level lower than that observed in the absence of an energy source. We show that this "overshoot" is the result of a decrease in the influx rate and of an increase in the rate constant of efflux as lactose accumulates. These phenomena were irreversible. The extent of the overshoot was dependent upon the experimental conditions: it was maximal at alkaline pH, for low external potassium concentrations, and for relatively high external lactose concentrations (around or above the KT of uptake). The addition of an energy source to resting E. coli cells resulted in an increase in both the electrochemical gradient of protons and in the rate of respiration. We demonstrate that the overshoot is the result of the latter and unrelated to the former. We observed an irreversible decrease in the membrane potential as lactose accumulated in the presence of an exogenous energy source. We discuss the whole of our data in terms of an irreversible inactivation of the lactose carrier as a result of a possible interaction with the respiratory chain.
Adaptive HTER Estimation for Document-Specific MT Post-Editing

We present an adaptive translation quality estimation (QE) method to predict the human-targeted translation error rate (HTER) for a document-specific machine translation model. We first introduce features derived internal to the translation decoding process as well as externally from the source sentence analysis. We show the effectiveness of such features in both classification and regression of MT quality. By dynamically training the QE model for the document-specific MT model, we are able to achieve consistency and prediction quality across multiple documents, demonstrated by the higher correlation coefficient and F-scores in finding Good sentences. Additionally, the proposed method is applied to IBM English-to-Japanese MT post editing field study and we observe strong correlation with human preference, with a 10% increase in human translators’ productivity.
Cytochrome P-450 isozymes and monooxygenase activity in aquatic animals.

The roles of different forms of cytochrome P-450 in activation and deactivation of toxic chemicals, synthesis and breakdown of steroid hormones, and other functions, indicate the significance of these enzymes. Monooxygenase systems have been studied in species from several phyla of aquatic organisms. However, cytochrome P-450, the dominant catalyst in xenobiotic monooxygenase activity, is best studied in fish. Forms of cytochrome P-450 have been purified from several teleost species, including scup (Stenotomus chrysops), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and cod (Gadus morhua). Cytochrome P-450E from scup, cytochrome P-450 LM4b from trout, and cytochrome P-450c from cod have properties similar to each other and appear to be homologous hydrocarbon or BNF-inducible isozymes. Partially purified cytochrome DBA-P-450-I from little skate, Raja erinacea, is possibly an elasmobranch counterpart of these teleost forms. Cytochrome P-450E from scup is immunochemically related to the major BNF-inducible isozyme (cytochrome P-450c or BNF-B) in rats, indicating homology between the fish and mammalian BNF-inducible isozymes. Several other cytochrome P-450 forms with interesting or unusual properties have been purified from aquatic species. Mammalian homologs are not yet known for these isozymes. Further studies of cytochrome P-450 forms in aquatic species should establish additional homologies and the regulation of these forms by chemical and biological variables, possibly providing fundamental insights into the function and evolution of these proteins. ImagesFIGURE 1.
A Review of Authentication Protocols

Authentication is a process that ensures and confirms a users identity. Authorization is the process of giving someone permissions to do or have something. There are different types of authentication methods such as local password authentication, server-based-password authentication, certificate-based authentication, two-factor authentication etc. Authentication protocol developed for Password Authentication Protocol (PAP), Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP), and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP). There are different types of application for authentications are as follows: 1.protocols developed for PPP Point-to-Point Protocol 2. Authentication, Authorization and Accounting 3.Kerberos.
Four Novel Cellulose Synthase (CESA) Genes from Birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) Involved in Primary and Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis

Cellulose synthase (CESA), which is an essential catalyst for the generation of plant cell wall biomass, is mainly encoded by the CesA gene family that contains ten or more members. In this study; four full-length cDNAs encoding CESA were isolated from Betula platyphylla Suk. , which is an important timber species, using RT-PCR combined with the RACE method and were named as BplCesA3, −4, −7 and −8. These deduced CESAs contained the same typical domains and regions as their Arabidopsis homologs. The cDNA lengths differed among these four genes, as did the locations of the various protein domains inferred from the deduced amino acid sequences, which shared amino acid sequence identities ranging from only 63.8% to 70.5%. Real-time RT-PCR showed that all four BplCesAs were expressed at different levels in diverse tissues. Results indicated that BplCESA8 might be involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis and floral development. BplCESA3 appeared in a unique expression pattern and was possibly involved in primary cell wall biosynthesis and seed development; it might also be related to the homogalacturonan synthesis. BplCESA7 and BplCESA4 may be related to the formation of a cellulose synthase complex and participate mainly in secondary cell wall biosynthesis. The extremely low expression abundance of the four BplCESAs in mature pollen suggested very little involvement of them in mature pollen formation in Betula. The distinct expression pattern of the four BplCesAs suggested they might participate in developments of various tissues and that they are possibly controlled by distinct mechanisms in Betula.
A Study of Preventing Email (Spear) Phishing by Enabling Human Intelligence

Cyber criminals use phishing emails in high-volume and spear phishing emails in low volume to achieve their malicious objectives. Hereby they inflict financial, reputational, and emotional damages on individuals and organizations. These (spear) phishing attacks get steadily more sophisticated as cyber criminals use social engineering tricks that combine psychological and technical deceptions to make malicious emails as trustworthy as possible. Such sophisticated (spear) phishing emails are hard for email protection systems to detect. Security researchers have studied users' ability to perceive, identify and react upon email (spear) phishing attacks. In this study we have surveyed recent works on understanding how to prevent end-users from falling for email (spear) phishing attacks. Based on the survey we design and propose a novice method that combines interaction methods of reporting, blocking, warning, and embedded education to harness the intelligence of expert and novice users in a corporate environment in detecting email (spear) phishing attacks. We evaluate the design based on a qualitative study, in three experimental steps, by using a mockup prototype, and with 24 participants. We report on the insights gained, indicating that the proposed combination of the interaction methods is promising, and on future research directions.
Explorer The Edar subfamily in feather placode formation

A subgroup of the TNF receptor family, composed of Edar, Troy and Xedar, are implicated in the development of ectodermal appendages, such as hair follicles, teeth and sweat glands. We have isolated chicken orthologues of these three receptors and analysed their roles in early feather development. Conservation of protein sequences between mammalian and avian proteins is variable, with avian Edar showing the greatest degree of sequence identity. cXedar differs from its mammalian orthologue in that it contains an intracellular death domain. All three receptors are expressed during early feather morphogenesis and dominant negative forms of each receptor impair the epithelial contribution to feather bud morphogenesis, while the dermal contribution appears unaffected. Hyperactivation of each receptor leads to more widespread assumption of placode fate, though in different regions of the skin. Receptor signaling converges on NF-κB, and inhibiting this transcription factor alters feather bud number and size in a stage-specific manner. Our findings illustrate the roles of these three receptors during avian skin morphogenesis and also suggest that activators of feather placode fate undergo mutual regulation to reach a decision on skin appendage location and size. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Real-Time Travel Path Prediction Using GPS-Enabled Mobile Phones

This paper presents an algorithm to predict an individual’s real-time travel path and destination using data from a Global Positioning System (GPS) enabled mobile phone. The algorithm uses spatially aware, geometric representations of a user’s historical trip data in its comparisons thus eliminating the need for taxing calculations. This technique also promotes scalability through the use of enterprise spatial database systems. Multiple modes of transportation are supported since the algorithm does not rely on road network information. This Path Prediction algorithm can enable a variety of services such as real-time localized traffic incident reporting, location-based advertising, and live traffic management.
Study and Optimize the Process of Batch Small Files Replication

I/O performance is always the traditional criterion for the evaluation of storage system. Many researches have been being carried on how to improve the storage system performance, mainly focusing on the storage architecture and I/O optimization for the storage devices. In many application systems, the phenomenon of replicating batch small files between two locations widely exists and always represents poor performance in systems. This paper analyzes and optimizes replication process for batch small files in Linux file system. In local case, six algorithms are achieved by using parallel, consecutive and aggregating polices in different stages of the whole process. In network case, achieve and compress strategies are also introduced and compared with aggregating algorithm. Moreover, the average latency of basic operations in each stage of file I/O can be estimated accurately, which is helpful for future research of file system. The experiment shows that the algorithm of consecutive reading source files and parallel writing target files have the best performance in local replication, and aggregating algorithm also do in network replication.
Domino Effect: Move More Methods Once a Method is Moved

Software refactoring is a popular technology to improve the design of existing source code, and thus it is widely used to facilitate software evolution. Moving methods is one of the most popular refactorings. It helps to reduce coupling between classes and to improve cohesion of involved classes. However, it is difficult to manually identify such methods that should be moved. Consequently, a number of approaches and tools have been proposed to identify such methods based on source code metrics, change history, and textual information. In this paper we propose a new way to identify methods that should be moved. Whenever a method is moved, the approach checks other methods within the same class, and suggests to move the one with the greatest similarity and strongest relationship with the moved method. The rational is that similar and closely related methods should be moved together. The approach has been evaluated on open-source applications by comparing the recommended move method refactorings against refactoring histories of the involved applications. Our evaluation results show that the approach is accurate in recommending methods to be moved (average precision 76%) and in recommending destinations for such methods (average precision 83%). Our evaluation results also show that for a substantial percentage (27%) of move method refactorings, the proposed approach succeeds in identifying additional refactoring opportunities.
Hybrid fractal microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications

A dual band hybrid fractal antenna is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna resonates at 4GHz and 7GHz with frequency bandwidth of 1.05GHz and 570MHz respectively. This hybrid structure is the combination of Koch and Minkowski curve and can be used for satellite communication, WiFi, RADAR systems and radio telecommunication. As per the different number of iterations the performance results of Koch and Minkowski curve are compared with the proposed structure, which shows that the proposed design will operate well at both the frequencies (4GHz and 7GHz) of resonance as dual model for C band applications. IE3D software is used to design and simulate the proposed antenna. The experimental and simulated results are compared in terms of return loss, VSWR and radiation pattern.
Providing Efficient P2P VoD Service with Priority Based Scheduling

In this paper, we mainly focus on how to provide an efficient VoD service via the consideration on the scheduling scheme. Comparing with P2P live streaming, P2P VoD is more challenging due to users are allowed to join or leave the system at any time and watch any part of the video after a small buffering time. If not handled properly, either high work load is caused on the media server side or the viewing quality is severely deteriorate at the user side. Aiming at providing a robust, scalable and efficient VoD service, we propose a Priority Based Scheduling (PBS) scheme. In PBS, improvement of users' viewing quality, sharing ratio between peers and system efficiency have all been taken into consideration by the three priority level sub schedules. We evaluate the performance of PBS through simulation. The results demonstrate that PBS achieves good viewing quality and efficient media server workload consumption.
Beyond Sas/genetics ™

The field of statistical genetics has developed considerably over the past five years due to the substantial advances in genomic technology. The volume and the nature of these data create a need for reliable computer software to perform statistical analyses. SAS/GENETICS offers a collection of procedures specifically tailored for genetic data such as ALLELE, HAPLOTYPE, CASECONTROL and FAMILY procedures. This paper highlights the basic features of some of these procedures as we routinely apply them to the analysis of human genetic association studies. We show examples where SAS/GENETICS can be complemented with other SAS/STAT procedures such as LOGISTIC and PHREG to conduct analyses commonly used in human genetic studies. We also compare output results of SAS/GENETICS procedures to those from analogous analyses with SAS/STAT procedures.
Learning complex games through self play - Pokémon battles

En aquest projecte s'analitza la viabilitat d'utilitzar aprenentatge per reforc i "self- play" per entrenar un agent a jugar Batalles Pokemon. El joc es analitzat en detall i les seves propietats uniques son revelades. El projecte analitza diverses plataformes d'aprenentatge per reforc.
Hedonic Capital and the Foundations of Mental Health

This paper suggests a way to think about human well-being and psychological health. It distinguishes between mental stocks and flows. Central to thenanalysis is a concept we refer to as hedonic capital. This can be thought of as a level of emotional coping resources, or as the underlying stock to which the economist’s idea of a flow of utility corresponds. The model replicates the patterns found in the recent empirical psychology and economics literature: there is an approximately stable level of mental well-being and an automatic tendency to adapt back towards that level. Conventional economic theory does not fit these facts.
AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT: CONCEPTS AND BOUNDARY’S LITERATURE

The development of Organizational Commitment has attracting more and more scholars to study the Affective Commitment literature. The phenomenon introduced in the domain of organizational commitment gives us more depth and new path of understanding on scientific interest related. Several organizational scholars have conducted the researchers to review the concepts constructs, and measurement of Affective Commitment that has been published up to recent years. The present study has been established based on empirical research and summary of the major research work of Affective Commitment done by previous scholars to indicate the interpretation of its concepts. Besides, the paper gives reader the general review of Affective Commitment studies. Keywords: Affective Commitment, Organizational Commitment, Organization Literature
Extracting semantically-coherent keyphrases from speech

A method for extracting keyphrase from spoken audio is discussed. The approach is based on the extractor system developed for text by Turney. The extractor uses a supervised learning approach to maximize the overlap between machine extracted and human extracted keyphrases. Each key word is detected with low similarity to its closest semantic neighbor, using an algorithm.
Tradeoffs in the Evolution of Caste and Body Size in the Hyperdiverse Ant Genus Pheidole

The efficient investment of resources is often the route to ecological success, and the adaptability of resource investment may play a critical role in promoting biodiversity. The ants of the “hyperdiverse” genus Pheidole produce two discrete sterile castes, soldiers and minor workers. Within Pheidole, there is tremendous interspecific variation in proportion of soldiers. The causes and correlates of caste ratio variation among species of Pheidole remain enigmatic. Here we test whether a body size threshold model accounts for interspecific variation in caste ratio in Pheidole, such that species with larger body sizes produce relatively fewer soldiers within their colonies. We evaluated the caste ratio of 26 species of Pheidole and found that the body size of workers accounts for interspecific variation in the production of soldiers as we predicted. Twelve species sampled from one forest in Costa Rica yielded the same relationship as found in previously published data from many localities. We conclude that production of soldiers in the most species-rich group of ants is regulated by a body size threshold mechanism, and that the great variation in body size and caste ratio in Pheidole plays a role in niche divergence in this rapidly evolving taxon.
Video To Animated Cartoon Conversion

the logic of animation making from real video fully depends on various image processing techniques and various kinds of filtering like Gaussian filtering, bilateral filtering, and flow based bilateral filtering, mean- shift filtering etc. It also includes edge detecting methods like canny edge detector, dog edge detector, flow based dog edge detector etc. All this technique works differently on the measurement of quality and run time factor. In this research we have gone through all this techniques and proposed a suitable approach which is convenient to the subject. Index Terms: Animation,Image Processing;Bilateral Filtering;Edge Detection;Bigo Notaion.
Bringing Touch Back to the Study of Emotions in Human and Non-Human Primates: A Theoretical Exploration

Author(s): Botero, Maria | Abstract: This paper provides a theoretical exploration of how comparative research on the expression of emotions has traditionally focused on the visual mode and argues that, given the neurophysiological, developmental, and behavioral evidence that links touch with social interactions, focusing on touch can become an ideal mode to understand the communication of emotions in human and non-human primates. This evidence shows that touch is intrinsically linked with social cognition because it motivates human and non-human animals, from birth, to form social bonds. It will be shown that touch is one of the modes of interaction used by the mother-infant or caregiver-infant dyad that facilitates the expression of emotions by the infant (and later the expression of emotions by the adult that the infant has become) in ways that are understood by other members of the group.
A Supplementary System for a Brain-Machine Interface Based on Jaw Artifacts for the Bidimensional Control of a Robotic Arm

Non-invasive Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs) are being used more and more these days to design systems focused on helping people with motor disabilities. Spontaneous BMIs translate user's brain signals into commands to control devices. On these systems, by and large, 2 different mental tasks can be detected with enough accuracy. However, a large training time is required and the system needs to be adjusted on each session. This paper presents a supplementary system that employs BMI sensors, allowing the use of 2 systems (the BMI system and the supplementary system) with the same data acquisition device. This supplementary system is designed to control a robotic arm in two dimensions using electromyographical (EMG) signals extracted from the electroencephalographical (EEG) recordings. These signals are voluntarily produced by users clenching their jaws. EEG signals (with EMG contributions) were registered and analyzed to obtain the electrodes and the range of frequencies which provide the best classification results for 5 different clenching tasks. A training stage, based on the 2-dimensional control of a cursor, was designed and used by the volunteers to get used to this control. Afterwards, the control was extrapolated to a robotic arm in a 2-dimensional workspace. Although the training performed by volunteers requires 70 minutes, the final results suggest that in a shorter period of time (45 min), users should be able to control the robotic arm in 2 dimensions with their jaws. The designed system is compared with a similar 2-dimensional system based on spontaneous BMIs, and our system shows faster and more accurate performance. This is due to the nature of the control signals. Brain potentials are much more difficult to control than the electromyographical signals produced by jaw clenches. Additionally, the presented system also shows an improvement in the results compared with an electrooculographic system in a similar environment.
Study of Fuel Consumption Test Method for Hybrid Vehicles

Shupeng Zhao, Miao Tian, Shifang Zhang, Jiuxi Li *1, First Author and Corresponding Author Agriculture University of Hebei of China, E-mail:zspdoor@sohu.com 2,Second Author Agriculture University of Hebei of China, E-mail:tianmiaohebau@163.com 3,Second Author Agriculture University of Hebei of China, E-mail:fangcao2150@sohu.com 4,Thiird Author Agriculture University of Hebei of China,E-mail:lijiuxi@163.com