Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Deep Structures of Andaman Subduction Zone from Satellite Gravity Data

Geophysical inverse problem is inherently ambiguous. Specially, in gravity interpretation, there exists significant uncertainty in terms of selecting density and geometry of the anomalous source. A number of different geometries with different density values can satisfy the observed data with similar degree of fitness. To reduce this non-uniqueness, it is important to address the basic causes of ambiguity. The very first reason is that, it is a general practice to represent the anomalous feature in terms of substantially simpler model than the actual geology, e.g., representing a layer by a series of rectangular prisms of constant density (Bott, 1960) or by a polygon (Talwani et. al, 1959), which can have limitations to image a complex geology. To overcome this limitation, if the width of the prisms is decreased or the number of corners of the polygon is increased to map the finer details of the structures, the solution become ill-posed resulting in a highly oscillating model. In such situation, to obtain a realistic model, appropriate smoothing criteria are used which again average out all the finer details of the model. Thus, it is important to device an appropriate scheme for defining a model, which is capable to simulate smooth, as well as, sharply undulating structures using a limited number of model parameters.
Vigilant Keratinocytes Trigger PAMP Signaling in Response to Streptococcal M 1 Protein

The human skin exerts many functions in order to maintain its barrier integrity and protect the host from invading microorganisms. One such pathogen is Streptococcus pyogenes, which can cause a variety of superficial skin wounds that may eventually progress into invasive deep soft tissue infections. Here we show that keratinocytes recognize soluble M1 protein, a streptococcal virulence factor, as a PAMP to release alarming inflammatory responses. We found that this interaction initiates an inflammatory intracellular signaling cascade involving the activation of mitogenactivated kinases, ERK, p38 and JNK, and the subsequent induction and mobilization of the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. We also determined the imprint of inflammatory mediators released, such as IL-8, GROα, MIF, EMMPRIN, IL-1α, IL-1Ra, and ST2 in response to streptococcal M1 protein. The expression of IL-8 is dependent on TLR2 activity and subsequent activation of the MAP kinases ERK and p38. Notably this signaling seems distinct for IL-8 release and it is not shared with the other inflammatory mediators. We conclude that keratinocytes participate in a proinflammatory manner in streptococcal pattern recognition and that expression of the chemoattractant IL-8 by keratinocytes constitutes an important protective mechanism against streptococcal M1 protein.
Ground Motion Selection for the Integration of Site Response in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analyses

This paper examines issues related to ground-motion selection for the performance of site response analysis and the integration of the site-specific amplification function within probabilistic seismic hazard calculations. The, typically, deterministic modification of the probabilistically estimated rock ground motions to consider site effects often leads to nonconservative ground motions at the soil surface. In this paper a methodology proposed by Bazzurro and Cornell (2004b), which allows the transformation of a rock ground-motion prediction equation into a site-specific one by modifying both the median and standard deviation terms of the equation, is used and its sensitivity to different suites of ground-motion records is explored. Suites of 10, 15 and 20 records are used for the performance of the site response analysis in order to examine their impact on capturing the median site amplification and its standard deviation. Subsequently, their impact on the results of a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment is explored.
Governance and Trade in Fresh Vegetables: The Impact of UK Supermarkets on the African Horticulture Industry

Production of fresh vegetables for export has grown rapidly in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa over the last decade. This trade brings producers and exporters based in Africa together with importers and retailers in Europe. Large retailers in Europe play a decisive role in structuring the production and processing of fresh vegetables exported from Africa. The requirements they specify for cost, quality, delivery, product variety, innovation, food safety and quality systems help top determine what types of producers and processors are able to gain access to the fresh vegetables chain and the activities they must carry out. The control over the fresh vegetables trade exercised by UK supermarkets has clear consequences for inclusion and exclusion of producers and exporters of differing types, and for the long-term prospects for the fresh vegetables industry in the two major exporting countries studied, Kenya and Zimbabwe.
A simple high-resolution procedure to study DNA methylation and in vivo DNA-protein interactions on a single-copy gene level in higher eukaryotes.

We describe a method that permits the study of the state of cytosine methylation and of in vivo protein-DNA interactions in higher eukaryotes. This powerful technique is applicable to any gene of interest at the single-copy level. To study DNA methylation, the total uncloned genomic DNA, digested with a restriction endonuclease is subjected to a cytosine-specific hydrazine reaction and chemical cleavage. The DNA fragments of interest are linearly amplified with Taq polymerase and a sequence-specific radioactivity labeled synthetic primer. Following amplification, the DNA fragments are separated on a sequencing gel that is directly autoradiographed. To study protein-DNA interactions in vivo, we use a similar method, except that the DNA of interest is isolated from cells treated either with dimethyl sulfate or UV light. The resolution power of this technique is demonstrated by two examples, which have been studied previously by the conventional methods of genomic sequencing and "footprinting. "
Parental Involvement and Neighborhood Quality : Evidence from Public Housing Closures in Chicago Job Market Paper

This paper studies whether, and how, parents respond to changing neighborhood quality through parental involvement. Empirical measurement of this response is complicated by neighborhood selection: through their residential location choices, parents have some control over neighborhood quality. To deal with neighborhood selection, I make use of the mass closures of public housing projects in Chicago. Households displaced by these closures relocated into surrounding neighborhoods, which is associated with decreased neighborhood quality in those receiving neighborhoods. These incoming relocations are used to provide variation in neighborhood quality, which is plausibly exogenous to the residential choices of receiving families. The empirical strategy used accounts the potential anticipation of incoming relocations by receiving parents, as well as the potential selection of destination neighborhoods by displaced households. Using neighborhood crime rate as a measure of neighborhood quality, I find that parents tend to increase parental involvement when neighborhood quality falls. In contrast, the effects on child behavior are much smaller in magnitude. Together, these two findings suggest that parents compensate for declining neighborhood quality by increasing parental involvement. Additionally, I find interesting heterogeneity in neighborhood quality effects across families. Most notably, parents with low initial involvement make further reinforcing decreases to parental involvement when neighborhood quality declines. Relating this result to a model of parental involvement decisions, I make inferences about the relationship between parents and neighborhoods as productive inputs for child development. Overall, these results suggest that existing estimates of neighborhood effects may underestimate the direct impact of neighborhoods on children, and that different parental responses may explain how neighborhood change has different impacts on children. Finally, these results provide evidence on the spillover effects of public housing closures on parents living in receiving neighborhoods, and characterize neighborhood effects on parental involvement for families who have not selected into low-income public housing.
Numerical Solution of Second-Order Fredholm Integrodifferential Equations with Boundary Conditions by Quadrature-Difference Method

In this research, the quadrature-difference method with Gauss Elimination (GE) method is applied for solving the second-order of linear Fredholm integrodifferential equations (LFIDEs). In order to derive an approximation equation, the combinations of Composite Simpson’s 1/3 rule and second-order finite-difference method are used to discretize the second-order of LFIDEs. This approximation equation will be used to generate a system of linear algebraic equations and will be solved by using Gauss Elimination. In addition, the formulation and the implementation of the quadrature-difference method are explained in detail. Finally, some numerical experiments were carried out to examine the accuracy of the proposed method.
Pedestrian Detection with Deep Learning from Unmanned Aerial Imagery

In this study, an application for pedestrian detection was carried out using images obtained from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). For this purpose, the feature extraction was performed from the UAV imagery by using the deep learning method. One of the challenges encountered in processing images from UAV is the classification of large datasets. In this study, Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) have been used to overcome this challenge. Another difficulty is that a quality training process can not be achieved due to the lack of some data types. For this reason, image augmentation has been applied to increase the efficiency of education. With the proposed method, images of pedestrians, bicycles, cars, trees and street lamps obtained from the UAV were adjusted to the required dimensions. Then, these images were given as input data to AlexNet and VGG16, and feature extraction was performed. The extracted features were classified by Support Vector Machine (SVM). With the classification process, while both pedestrian detection was carried out and the performances of AlexNet and VGG16 were compared.
The Elements Effect Job Satisfaction of Medicine Representatives and a Sample from Bursa

The jobs of medicine representatives who work in health sector are much more different than other positions such as sales and marketing in the same sector. The presentation of the goods and services manufactured by companies for health care worker is increasing the importance of the position of medicine representatives according to the acts and ethic rules. Also, there is a positive perception on the position of medicine representatives. In this study, it is wondered that although there is a positive perception for medicine representatives, whether the representatives have high level job satisfaction or not. Besides, it is studied that which factors can affect the level of their job satisfaction. The study was done with 135 medicine representatives by using quantitative method. The data collected from medicine representatives was analyzed with SPSS statistical program. In the first part of the study, the literature of job satisfaction in terms of different dimensions was reviewed. In the second part, the information of the job of medicine representatives was given and then the relation between the job of medicine representatives and their job satisfaction was written. In the third part, the data was collected from medicine representatives was analyzed by using statistical methods.
Oscillatory correlates of moral decision-making: Effect of personality

The role of emotion in moral decision-making is still a matter of debate. Greene, Sommerville, Nystrom, Darley, and Cohen (2001) argue that ‘personal’ moral judgments are driven by emotional responses, while ‘impersonal’ judgments are largely driven by cognitive processes. In this study, oscillatory correlates of decision-making were compared in moral personal, moral impersonal, and nonmoral conditions, as well as in trials associated with utilitarian (i.e., favoring the ‘greater good’ over individual rights) and non-utilitarian choices. Event-related synchronization in delta and theta bands was greater in the right temporal lobe in personal than in both nonmoral and impersonal moral condition. Graph-theoretical analysis of connectivity patterns showed the prominent role of the orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices in personal moral decision-making, implying greater emotional and self-processing. Higher conscientiousness and intellect and lower behavioral activation were associated with greater difference in oscillatory responses between utilitarian and non-utilitarian choices in personal than in impersonal condition, indicating that sensitivity to moral issues and the ability to grasp the nuances of moral situation are essential for understanding the implications of utilitarian choices in personal and impersonal conditions.
Impact of Ethical leadership on Followers’ Organizational Deviance, Mediating role of Psychosocial Safety Climate, Moderating role of Union Commitment A Study in the Context of Pakistan

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between Ethical Leadership and followers’ Organizational Deviance, followed by the mediating role of Psychosocial Safety climate and moderating role of Union Commitment among the young doctors in Pakistan. Data were collected from young/junior doctors (practitioners) working in public/ private hospitals in Islamabad, Rawalpindi, and Bahawalpur. Hierarchical Regression tests were run and the results indicated that Ethical Leadership has a significant and negative relationship with Organizational Deviance. Further, the results indicated that Union Commitment moderates the relationship between Ethical Leadership and Organizational Deviance, such that greater the commitment of the members with the union would result in weakening the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational deviance. The findings also suggest that psychosocial safety climate does not mediate between ethical leadership and organizational deviance.
Bacterial Diversity of Ny-Ålesund, Arctic Archipelago Svalbard

The bacterial diversity of the water sample, collected from Ny-Ålesund, Arctic Archipelago Svalbard was analyzed by a phenotypic as well as a genotypic approach. Pure colonies of the culturable bacteria were established and grown at a range of temperatures: 4oC, 15oC, 22oC and 37oC. Optimum growth was found at 15oC, and around 28 colonies were obtained. The library was dominated by 16S rDNAs of Gram-negative bacteria (γ-Proteobacteria). Twenty two isolates exhibited sequences were similar to that of known bacterial isolates (>97% sequence similarity), represented by the species of the genera Psychrobacter, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter. Six isolates exhibited sequences showed less affi liation with known taxa (<97% sequence similarity), and may represent novel taxa.
Compact Asymmetric Coplanar Waveguide Fed Monopole Antenna for DVB-H Applications

The purpose of this thesis is to design and manufacture the miniaturized antenna for digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) application. The miniaturized DVB-H antenna has become very attractive for applications in mobile communication devices such as laptop computers, mobile phones and automobiles. Because the volume reserved for an antenna inside these devices is limited, a DVB-H antenna should be electrically small, and broadband operation has the challenging. In this thesis, the printed monopole antenna which utilizes the coplanar waveguide line is designed. The proposed antenna comprises a P-shape patch and a L-shaped ground plane. By the use of the different length of asymmetric ground plane, an additional resonant mode (0.75-wavelenght) adjacent to the antenna’s fundamental (0.25-wavelength) resonant mode can be excited. In addition, the use of coplanar waveguide fed structure has advantages like single metallic layer structure, lightweight, low cost and easy integration to monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). Based on the simulations of radiation patterns, return loss, and other antenna parameters from Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), the prototype antenna is designed. The proposed antenna can operate in the 439 – 937 MHz frequency range below -6 dB and cover the DVB-H operating bandwidth (470 862 MHz). The antenna has an approximately omni-directional radiation pattern in XZ-plane over the entire frequency band.
Compounds, Lexicalization Patterns and Parts-of-Speech: English and Bulgarian Compound Verbs in Comparison and Contrast

Compound verbs stay outside the main focus of compounding studies and their canonical properties remain obscured by the widely shared premises that compounds and compounding are in a necessary and sufficient cause-effect relationship and that both the classification of compounds and the nature of the intracompound relations hinge on the lexical categoriality specification of compound components. It is argued in the paper that when we discard the two premises it appears that compound verbs are genuine compounds whose typological study can be enhanced by adopting a constructionist stand on their creation and character, which reveals informative similarities and differences in lexicalization patterns in typologically distinct languages. The last claim is illustrated by a contrastive analysis of compound verbs in English and Bulgarian.
Water Management and Flooding Phenomenon in the Cathode Channel of PEM Fuel Cell

The water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been regarded as one of the crucial effects on its performance, since severe amount of water exists in a cell due to humidification and chemical reactions. Such conditions lead to excess H2O remaining in PEMFC, resulting flooding problem which may block air flow channels. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and manage the flooding phenomenon in proper manner in order to enhance the performance of PEMFC especially under concentration loss region. This paper deals with these two critical subjects in terms of qualitative analysis of the flooding phenomenon and application of modified channel design for improved water management. Key-Words: PEM Fuel Cell, Flooding, Temperature Distribution, Modified Channel, Cathode Plate
Rating methods for cables installed in unventilated and partially ventilated surface troughs

Cables installed in surface troughs are a critical part of many transmission circuits. This paper presents a method for calculating the rating of such circuits using computational fluid dynamics techniques, applied to two common trough designs. One design has solid concrete lids while for the second some lids are replaced by grilles to encourage natural air circulation. For the case of covered troughs with solid concrete lids, the IEC 60287 method was found to be conservative owing to its failure to consider the thermal impact of the ground. Good agreement was observed between the CFD model and an improved analytical formulation by Anders. Modeling of partially ventilated troughs, which at present cannot be rated analytically, shows continuous rating increases of up to 31% over the covered design owing to greater air circulation.
ADAPTATION OF THE SHORT FORM OF SELF-COMPASSION SCALE INTO TURKISH : A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY

In this study, it was aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Short Form of SelfCompassion Questionnaire on Turkish adolescents. For this purpose, data were collected from 800 hundred students consisting of 400 adolescents in secondary school and 400 adolescents in high school. In order to examine the psychometric properties of the scale, construct validity, criterionrelated validity, internal consistency coefficient and test-retest reliability were considered. According to the findings obtained, the 10th item in the original form was removed from the scale due to the fact that factor load of the item was low than 30. It is found that the AFA results of the scale indicate a one-factor structure and this factor is composed of two subcomponents. The factor structure of the scale is verified in DFA. At the same time, there was a moderate positive relationship between self-compassion scores and subjective well-being scores of adolescents, while a moderate-negative relationship was found between self-compassion scores and self-compassion. The coefficient of internal consistency of the scale was calculated as . 75. As a result, it can be said that the Short Form of Self-Compassion Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measurement tool for measuring the self-compassion level of Turkish adolescents as a scale consisting of 11 items.
Dual function of Src in the maintenance of adherens junctions during tracheal epithelial morphogenesis

The downregulation of E-cadherin by Src promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition and tumorigenesis. However, a simple loss of cell adhesion is not sufficient to explain the diverse developmental roles of Src and metastatic behavior of viral Src-transformed cells. Here, we studied the functions of endogenous and activated forms of Drosophila Src in the context of tracheal epithelial development, during which extensive remodeling of adherens junctions takes place. We show that Src42A is selectively activated in the adherens junctions of epithelia undergoing morphogenesis. Src42A and Src64B are required for tracheal development and to increase the rate of adherens junction turnover. The activation of Src42A caused opposing effects: it reduced the E-cadherin protein level but stimulated transcription of the E-cadherin gene through the activation of Armadillo and TCF. This TCF-dependent pathway was essential for the maintenance of E-cadherin expression and for tissue integrity under conditions of high Src activity. Our data suggest that the two opposing outcomes of Src activation on E-cadherin facilitate the efficient exchange of adherens junctions, demonstrating the key role of Src in the maintenance of epithelial integrity.
LEVEL 1 CALIBRATION OF HDM-4 ANALYSIS WITH A CASE STUDY

Adequate budget allocation would require the HDM-4 model to generate good prediction of the actual pavement deterioration behavior. The need for a calibration of the HDM model to local condition is therefore an essential component of the pavement management process. Reliable calibration factors are useful for budgeting purpose and it avoids under estimate or over estimates the budget. This paper presents a case study where a level 1 calibration has been carried out for a State Highway in Uttar Pradesh, India. The climatic condition of the site is under humid, hot and high monthly precipitation throughout the year. Two methods have been proposed to find out the calibration factors. The calibration factors namely roughness age environment, crack initiation and crack propagation are found to be 0.650, 0.970 and 1.030 respectively for the case study using method 1 calibration method and 0.650, 0.864 and 1.157 respectively using method 2 calibration. Economic analysis has been carried out taking default calibration factors and level 1 calibration factors and NPV (net present value) and IRR (internal rate of return) were found Rs. (million) 368.1 (26.5 %) and 422.4 (27.9 %) respectively. Level 1 Calibration involved desk study and many default values have been adopted but the major factors like roughness age environment, crack initiation and crack propagation are important to simulate local condition. A well calibrated model for this local condition would reduce the possibility of future funding shortages. Level 1 calibration may be carried out easily based on few secondary data within few weeks and useful for economic analysis, prioritization and budgeting for maintenance of the road network.