Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE ART OF TAMING AND EXPLOITING PARALLEL TAGS IN A MULTILINGUAL CORPUS

Multilingual parallel corpora can be annotated with monolingual tools, such as morphosyntactic taggers. However, even taggers for typologically similar languages use incompatible tagsets, which results in a conceptual and formal variety of tags. Retraining taggers on data annotated with a common tagset is not a realistic option. However, differences between tagsets are often rooted in different linguistic perspectives rather than in real distinctions between the languages, which means a common ground could be found. Moreover, a different perspective may provide additional information missing in one tagset but present in another. Our first goal is to delegate the task of dealing with multiple tagsets to an abstract interlingual representation of linguistic categories. Ideally, each tag in every language-specific tagset used in the corpus is linked to a position in a tangled hierarchy of concepts. To accommodate the different perspectives, the hierarchy takes three views of word class: inflectional, syntactic, and semantic (lexical), each with its appropriate morphological characteristics. Mismatches between tags are properly represented, which allows for a principled mapping strategy between languages-specific tagsets, and for intuitive and underspecified queries. The hierarchy can be built and the mismatches partially resolved using Formal Concept Analysis. Our second goal is to refine existing morphosyntactic annotation by projecting distinctions in one tagset onto a conceptually different tagset. The hierarchy and automatic word-toword alignment is used to learn from tags in another language. We show results of an experiment aimed at discovering how feasible this approach is for Czech and two other languages (English and Polish). 1 This is a revised and extended version of a paper entitled “Mediating between incompatible tagsets,” published in Proceedings of the Workshop on Annotation and Exploitation of Parallel Corpora, colocated with the Ninth International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories in Tartu, Estonia, 2010. The work was supported by grant no. MSM0021620823 of the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports.
Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ankle sprains: an evidence-based clinical guideline

Ankle injuries are a huge medical and socioeconomic problem. Many people have a traumatic injury of the ankle, most of which are a result of sports. Total costs of treatment and work absenteeism due to ankle injuries are high. The prevention of recurrences can result in large savings on medical costs. A multidisciplinary clinical practice guideline was developed with the aim to prevent further health impairment of patients with acute lateral ankle ligament injuries by giving recommendations with respect to improved diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. The recommendations are based on evidence from published scientific research, which was extensively discussed by the guideline committee. This clinical guideline is helpful for healthcare providers who are involved in the management of patients with ankle injuries.
Automatic 3D Car Model Alignment for Mixed Image-Based Rendering

Image-Based Rendering (IBR) allows good-quality free-viewpoint navigation in urban scenes, but suffers from artifacts on poorly reconstructed objects, e.g., reflective surfaces such as cars. To alleviate this problem, we propose a method that automatically identifies stock 3D models, aligns them in the 3D scene and performs morphing to better capture image contours. We do this by first adapting learning-based methods to detect and identify an object class/pose in images. We then propose a method which exploits all available information, namely partial and inaccurate 3D reconstruction, multi-view calibration, image contours and the 3D model to achieve accurate object alignment suitable for subsequent morphing. These steps provide models which are well-aligned in 3D and to contours in all the images of the multi-view dataset, allowing us to use the resulting model in our mixed IBR algorithm. Our results show significant improvement in image quality for free-viewpoint IBR, especially when moving far from the captured viewpoints.
Witnessing hateful people in pain modulates brain activity in regions associated with physical pain and reward

How does witnessing a hateful person in pain compare to witnessing a likable person in pain? The current study compared the brain bases for how we perceive likable people in pain with those of viewing hateful people in pain. While social bonds are built through sharing the plight and pain of others in the name of empathy, viewing a hateful person in pain also has many potential ramifications. In this functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study, Caucasian Jewish male participants viewed videos of (1) disliked, hateful, anti-Semitic individuals, and (2) liked, non-hateful, tolerant individuals in pain. The results showed that, compared with viewing liked people, viewing hateful people in pain elicited increased responses in regions associated with observation of physical pain (the insular cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and the somatosensory cortex), reward processing (the striatum), and frontal regions associated with emotion regulation. Functional connectivity analyses revealed connections between seed regions in the left ACC and right insular cortex with reward regions, the amygdala, and frontal regions associated with emotion regulation. These data indicate that regions of the brain active while viewing someone in pain may be more active in response to the danger or threat posed by witnessing the pain of a hateful individual more so than the desire to empathize with a likable person's pain.
Reduction of signal fluctuation in functional MRI using navigator echoes

Functional magnetic resonance imaging is sensitive to signal fluctuations due to physiological motion and system instability. In this paper, motion‐related signal fluctuations are studied, and a method that uses navigator echoes to monitor and compensate for signal fluctuations in a gradient‐echo sequence is described. The technique acquires a “navigator” signal before the application of the phase‐encoding and readout gradients and corrects the phase of the subsequently acquired imaging data. This technique was implemented on a 4 Tesla whole body system and validated on normal volunteers. With this technique, temporal fluctuations in image intensity were substantially reduced and improved functional activation maps were obtained.
Detection of Mutual Inconsistency in Distributed Systems

Many distributed systems are now being developed to provide users with convenient access to data via some kind of communications network. In many cases it is desirable to keep the system functioning even when it is partitioned by network failures. A serious problem in this context is how one can support redundant copies of resources such as files (for the sake of reliability) while simultaneously monitoring their mutual consistency (the equality of multiple copies). This is difficult since network faiures can lead to inconsistency, and disrupt attempts at maintaining consistency. In fact, even the detection of inconsistent copies is a nontrivial problem. Naive methods either 1) compare the multiple copies entirely or 2) perform simple tests which will diagnose some consistent copies as inconsistent. Here a new approach, involving version vectors and origin points, is presented and shown to detect single file, multiple copy mutual inconsistency effectively. The approach has been used in the design of LOCUS, a local network operating system at UCLA.
Algorithmic aspects of hardware/software partitioning

One of the most crucial steps in the design of embedded systems is hardware/software partitioning, that is, deciding which components of the system should be implemented in hardware and which ones in software. Most formulations of the hardware/software partitioning problem are NP-hard, so the majority of research efforts on hardware/software partitioning has focused on developing efficient heuristics.This article considers the combinatorial structure behind hardware/software partitioning. Two similar versions of the partitioning problem are defined, one of which turns out to be NP-hard, whereas the other one can be solved in polynomial time. This helps in understanding the real cause of complexity in hardware/software partitioning. Moreover, the polynomial-time algorithm serves as the basis for a highly efficient novel heuristic for the NP-hard version of the problem. Unlike general-purpose heuristics such as genetic algorithms or simulated annealing, this heuristic makes use of problem-specific knowledge, and can thus find high-quality solutions rapidly. Moreover, it has the unique characteristic that it also calculates lower bounds on the optimum solution. It is demonstrated on several benchmarks and also large random examples that the new algorithm clearly outperforms other heuristics that are generally applied to hardware/software partitioning.
A Critical Review of Reviews on the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain

Study Design. Systematic literature review. Objective. To critically appraise the methodology of systematic reviews of conservative therapies for chronic nonspecific low back pain and to study the relation between the methodologic quality and other characteristics of these reviews. Summary of Background Data. Systematic reviews offer a concise summary of the evidence on treatment effectiveness, but flaws in their methodology can lead to invalid conclusions with serious implications for quality of patient care. Methods. Searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Psychinfo, and the Cochrane Library were conducted. Titles, abstracts, and articles were reviewed by two blinded authors using three inclusion criteria: 1) chronic nonspecific low back pain, 2) systematic review, and 3) conservative treatment intervention. Data were extracted from each review by three authors. Results. The search strategy retrieved 1102 titles and abstracts; 109 met inclusion criteria. A review of the full text of these articles excluded an additional 73 articles. Data abstraction and methodologic assessment were conducted on 36 articles reviewing 19 discrete interventions. The average quality score was 4.1, ranging from 1 (low) to 7 (high). There was a trend for recent reviews to be of higher quality. Fifty-six percent of the reviews had positive conclusions, but they had lower quality scores compared with those that had negative or uncertain conclusions. There were 27 (73%) qualitative and 10 (27%) quantitative summaries of results. Conclusions. Although the overall quality of systematic reviews was satisfactory, the quality of the individual papers included in the reviews varied considerably. The reviews often provided contradictory evidence on the effectiveness of a wide range of commonly used conservative interventions for chronic nonspecific low back pain. These findings illustrate the pitfalls of systematic reviews where there are a number of low-quality trials and underscore the need for high-quality primary trials that will allow for more conclusive reviews.
Quantification of unlabelled non-haem iron absorption in human subjects: a pilot study

A method for measuring unlabelled Fe absorption has been investigated in a pilot study using a simple mathematical model. The metabolism of newly absorbed Fe can be approximated as a single-compartment model with the sampled compartment being the plasma pool. Five female volunteers (aged 30–55 years) were recruited to participate in the pilot study. After a 10 mg oral dose of unlabelled ferrous sulfate, the change in plasma Fe concentration over the following 6 h was used to estimate the quantity of absorbed Fe from the mathematical model. To assess the accuracy of the new technique, a 1 mg oral dose of 57Fe-labelled iron sulfate was given simultaneously with a 225 μg intravenous dose of 58Fe as iron citrate. The plasma appearance of the labelled Fe was used to estimate the absorption of the oral label from the traditional area under the curve method. There was no significant difference (P=0·61) between the geometric mean absorption of the unlabelled (19 (- 1 sd 12, +1 sd 28) %) and the labelled Fe (17 (- 1 sd 10, +1 sd 29) %). These initial results are encouraging, but further work needs to be undertaken with smaller doses, as typically found in meals. The effect of diurnal variation in serum Fe concentration on the estimation of unlabelled Fe absorption needs further assessment.
MAPM: Movement-Based Adaptive Prediction Mechanism for Energy Conservation in Body Sensor Networks

Wearable devices with various sensors are useful instruments to monitor human health. Due to the limited size, these wearable devices, however, always encounter critical energy problem, which further hinders their widely application. Considering that wireless communication dominates the total energy consumption, we make an in-depth study on the problem of communication energy consumption in body sensor networks. We first observe that the communication signals from wearable devices have strong correlation with human movements. Based on this correlation, we propose a Movement-based Adaptive Prediction Mechanism (MAPM). Specifically, we exploit Gaussian process regression to precisely fit and predict the transmission power combined with the characteristics of human movements. This prediction enables transmitters to automatically control their transmission power without feedback. Through simulation, we demonstrate that MAPM can save more than 40\% energy compared to the sate-of-the-art methods.
Prediction of Intermediate Crack Debonding Strain of Externally Bonded FRP Laminates in RC Beams and One-Way Slabs

Interface crack propagation of FRP (fiber-reinforced polymer) strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) flexural member is often initiated from the toes of the intermediate cracks and propagates towards the supports. This type of FRP delamination is commonly termed intermediate crack (IC) debonding and is common for flexural members with high shear span-to-depth ratios. If the ultimate FRP strain at IC debonding failure is known, the moment capacity of the member can be obtained through a simple section analysis. This research deals with the prediction of ultimate FRP strain at IC debonding, using neural networks and regression models. Basic information on neural networks and the types of neural networks most suitable for the analysis of experimental results are given. A set of experimental data for FRP-strengthened RC beams and one-way slabs, covering a large range of parameters, for the training and testing of neural networks is used. The available test results were not only compared with current code provisions but with equations proposed by other researchers as well. The prediction models based on neural network are presented. A new design equation is also suggested.
The Comparisson between LBP and SQI Methods in the Surface Roughness Measurement Using ESPI Method

Surface roughness measurement using direct contact methods raises several issues, for examples stylus wear and size limitation problems. Furthermore non-contact methods are proposed to solve these problems. One of them is Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI), which use Helium-Neon (He - Ne) as laser light source. A speckle pattern is produced by scattered light on the surface of the measuring object due to the interference of laser beams, and it will be captured by Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera. Afterwards Linear Binary Pattern (LBP) and Self Quotient Image (SQI) methods are used to reduce illumination effect in the captured image. The average gray-level from the previous process will be converted into a surface roughness value by gray level to surface roughness conversion formulation. It is obtained from correlation value between gray level and a set of standard roughness. The standard roughness value range is start from 0,05 μm to 12,5 μm. It is measured from five different final machining process, which are flat lapping, grinding, horizontal milling, and vertical milling. As verification, the results of ESPI method will be compared with the result of direct contact tools using Mitutoyo Surftest 301 and 401.
Breast Cancer Subtype Specific Classifiers of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Do Not Outperform Classifiers Trained on All Subtypes

Introduction Despite continuous efforts, not a single predictor of breast cancer chemotherapy resistance has made it into the clinic yet. However, it has become clear in recent years that breast cancer is a collection of molecularly distinct diseases. With ever increasing amounts of breast cancer data becoming available, we set out to study if gene expression based predictors of chemotherapy resistance that are specific for breast cancer subtypes can improve upon the performance of generic predictors. Methods We trained predictors of resistance that were specific for a subtype and generic predictors that were not specific for a particular subtype, i.e. trained on all subtypes simultaneously. Through a rigorous double-loop cross-validation we compared the performance of these two types of predictors on the different subtypes on a large set of tumors all profiled on the same expression platform (n = 394). We evaluated predictors based on either mRNA gene expression or clinical features. Results For HER2+, ER− breast cancer, subtype specific predictor based on clinical features outperformed the generic, non-specific predictor. This can be explained by the fact that the generic predictor included HER2 and ER status, features that are predictive over the whole set, but not within this subtype. In all other scenarios the generic predictors outperformed the subtype specific predictors or showed equal performance. Conclusions Since it depends on the specific context which type of predictor – subtype specific or generic- performed better, it is highly recommended to evaluate both specific and generic predictors when attempting to predict treatment response in breast cancer.
A cis-Acting Element Present within the gag Open Reading Frame Negatively Impacts on the Activity of the HIV-1 IRES

Translation initiation from the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) mRNA can occur through a cap or an IRES dependent mechanism. Cap-dependent translation initiation of the HIV-1 mRNA can be inhibited by the instability element (INS)-1, a cis-acting regulatory element present within the gag open reading frame (ORF). In this study we evaluated the impact of the INS-1 on HIV-1 IRES-mediated translation initiation. Using heterologous bicistronic mRNAs, we show that the INS-1 negatively impact on HIV-1 IRES-driven translation in in vitro and in cell-based experiments. Additionally, our results show that the inhibitory effect of the INS-1 is not general to all IRESes since it does not hinder translation driven by the HCV IRES. The inhibition by the INS-1 was partially rescued in cells by the overexpression of the viral Rev protein or hnRNPA1.
A Novel Algorithm Based on Clustering and Access Points Selection for Indoor Fingerprint Localization

With the growing popularity of location-based service (LBS), wireless local area networks (WLAN) indoor positioning has gained widespread attention. Unlike the traditional algorithm concentrating on positioning accuracy, we discuss how to improve the real-time property in WLAN indoor fingerprinting localization systems. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm which first divides the positioning area into sub-areas utilizing k-means clustering, and then selects appropriate access points (APs) for positioning to make the calculated amount as less as possible. By collecting data and performing in the real WLAN environment, our proposed algorithm shows high positioning accuracy while the computational burden has been decreased almost 93.7%.
Delivery of continuously-varying stimuli using channelrhodopsin-2

To study sensory processing, stimuli are delivered to the sensory organs of animals and evoked neural activity is recorded downstream. However, noise and uncontrolled modulatory input can interfere with repeatable delivery of sensory stimuli to higher brain regions. Here we show how channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) can be used to deliver continuous, subthreshold, time-varying currents to neurons at any point along the sensory-motor pathway. To do this, we first deduce the frequency response function of ChR2 using a Markov model of channel kinetics. We then confirm ChR2's frequency response characteristics using continuously-varying optical stimulation of neurons that express one of three ChR2 variants. We find that wild-type ChR2 and the E123T/H134R mutant (“ChETA”) can pass continuously-varying subthreshold stimuli with frequencies up to ~70 Hz. Additionally, we find that wild-type ChR2 exhibits a strong resonance at ~6–10 Hz. Together, these results indicate that ChR2-derived optogenetic tools are useful for delivering highly repeatable artificial stimuli that mimic in vivo synaptic bombardment.
Distributed Multicast Tree Construction in Wireless Sensor Networks

Multicast tree is a key structure for data dissemination from one source to multiple receivers in wireless networks. Minimum length multica modeled as the Steiner tree problem, and is proven to be NP-hard. In this paper, we explore how to efficiently generate minimum length multi wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where only limited knowledge of network topology is available at each node. We design and analyze a simple algorithm, which we call toward source tree (TST), to build multicast trees in WSNs. We show three metrics of TST algorithm, i.e., running and energy efficiency. We prove that its running time is $O(\sqrt {n\log n})$ , the best among all existing solutions to our best knowledge. We prove that TST tree length is in the same order as Steiner tree, which give a theoretical upper bound and use simulations to show the ratio be only 1.114 when nodes are uniformly distributed. We evaluate energy efficiency in terms of message complexity and the number of forwarding prove that they are both order-optimal. We give an efficient way to construct multicast tree in support of transmission of voluminous data.
Growth Inhibition After Exposure to Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Human Bladder Cancer Cell Lines

Purpose Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a dual role in apoptosis and in proapoptotic responses in the support of survival in a variety of cells. The aim of this study was to determine the function of TGF-β1 in bladder cancer cells. Materials and Methods The role of TGF-β1 in bladder cancer cells was examined by observing cell viability by using the tetrazolium dye (MTT) assay after treating the bladder cancer cell lines 253J, 5637, T24, J82, HT1197, and HT1376 with TGF-β1. Among these cell lines, the 253J and T24 cell lines were coincubated with TGF-β1 and the pan anti-TGF-β antibody. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis was performed to determine the mechanism involved after TGF-β1 treatment in 253J cells. Results All six cell lines showed inhibited cellular growth after TGF-β1 treatment. Although the T24 and J82 cell lines also showed inhibited cellular growth, the growth inhibition was less than that observed in the other 4 cell lines. The addition of pan anti-TGF-β antibodies to the culture media restored the growth properties that had been inhibited by TGF-β1. FACS analysis was performed in the 253J cells and the 253J cells with TGF-β1. There were no significant differences in the cell cycle between the two treatments. However, there were more apoptotic cells in the TGF-β1-treated 253J cells. Conclusions TGF-β1 did not stimulate cellular proliferation but was a growth inhibitory factor in bladder cancer cells. However, the pattern of its effects depended on the cell line. TGF-β1 achieved growth inhibition by enhancing the level of apoptosis.