Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potentially reactive cyclic carbamate metabolite of the antiepileptic drug felbamate produced by human liver tissue in vitro.

Felbamate (FBM) is a novel antiepileptic drug that was approved in 1993 for treatment of several forms of epilepsy. After its introduction, toxic reactions (aplastic anemia and hepatotoxicity) associated with its use were reported. It is unknown whether FBM or one of its metabolites is responsible for these idiosyncratic adverse reactions. Although the metabolism of FBM has not been fully characterized, three primary metabolites of FBM have been identified, i.e. 2-hydroxy, p-hydroxy, and monocarbamate metabolites. In addition, the monocarbamate metabolite leads to a carboxylic acid, which is the major metabolite of FBM in humans. Formation of the hydroxylated products of FBM involves cytochrome P450 enzymes, but the enzymes involved in the formation and further metabolism of the monocarbamate have not yet been elucidated. Recently, mercapturate metabolites of FBM have been identified in human urine, and a metabolic scheme involving reactive aldehyde metabolite formation from the monocarbamate metabolite has been proposed. The present study confirmed the formation of the proposed metabolites using human liver tissue in vitro. The aldehyde intermediates were trapped as oxime derivatives, and the cyclic equilibrium product (proposed as a storage and transport form for the aldehydes) was monitored directly by HPLC or GC/MS. Formation of putative toxic aldehyde intermediates and the major carboxylic acid metabolite of FBM was differentially effected with the cofactors NADP+ and NAD+. It is possible that the cofactors may influence the relative metabolism via activation and inactivation pathways.
Promoting a higher retirement age: A prospect-theoretical approach

Demographic ageing and the necessity of raising the retirement age is one of the most frequently debated topics among European welfare policy experts. This study used prospect theory as developed in behavioural economics to explain public attitudes towards pension reforms. It argues that, in line with prospect theory, negative incentives are more useful in changing people's attitudes in favour of a higher statutory retirement age than are positive incentives. Therefore, in the case of increasing life expectancy, defined-contribution schemes that apply actuarial formulae linking the level of starting monthly pension benefits to life expectancy are more useful in promoting a higher retirement age than conventional defined-benefit schemes, which typically do not forge an automatic connection between longevity and starting pensions. The implications of prospect theory for attitudes towards pension reforms were tested using Eurobarometer survey data collected in 2004 and 2009 in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia.
Selecting, Training and Rewarding the Expatriate

In the great trading days of the 16th and 17th century it was often trade which preceded the flag. Today there is still clearly a ‘push‐pull’ relationship between international business and international politics. Interwoven with the warp of international politics is the weft of international business. As the Whitehall Eurocrats polish up their French prior to descending on Brussels a growing number of businessmen are choosing and being chosen to settle temporarily in foreign countries.
The Design of Flexible Manufacturing System Design Based on Fieldbus

Control system is a very important part of flexible manufacturing system, But the disadvantages of traditional FMS communication network is getting more and more can't meet the need of the high-speed development of flexible manufacturing system technology, the real-time and the high efficiency of the communication system, this paper puts forward the fieldbus network used in flexible manufacturing system. By means of field bus communication technology to realize flexible manufacturing system, set up the master station and slave station in the system, multi-level real-time management, the reliability of the system has been greatly improved.
State Retrenchment and the Exercise of Citizenship in Africa

What explains the varied ways that Africans practice citizenship on an everyday basis? And how does the extent of state building (or neoliberal unbuilding) in a particular context affect the way individual Africans think about the rights, duties, and appropriate channels for exercising their citizenship? Over the past 20 years across most of sub-Saharan Africa, neoliberal economic reform has meant a major retrenchment of the state in the provision of health and education services. This article argues that Africans who have at least some experience with public schools and clinics are more likely to exercise their citizenship on a more frequent basis than those who have no experience of state social services at all. The article confirms the existence of policy feedbacks between the micro experience of state social policy and democratic consolidation in Africa.
A pilot study on the correlation between fat fraction values and glucose uptake values in supraclavicular fat by simultaneous PET/MRI

To assess the spatial correlation between MRI and 18F‐fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) maps of human brown adipose tissue (BAT) and to measure differences in fat fraction (FF) between glucose avid and non‐avid regions of the supraclavicular fat depot using a hybrid FDG‐PET/MR scanner.
A quasi-Newton interior point method for semi-infinite programming

We propose an interior point method for solving nonlinear semi-infinite programming (SIP) problems. The method is based on a transcription of the SIP problem into a nonlinear finite problem. We apply the interior point strategy to the finite problem and obtain an algorithm for nonlinear SIP. The evaluation of the constraint functions and derivatives of the finite problem requires the numerical evaluation of integrals that we compute by an adaptative trapezoid formula. Numerical results with a collection of several problems from the SIPAMPL [A.I.F. Vaz, E.M. G.P. Fernandes and M.P.S.F. Gomes. SIPAMPL v2.0: Semi-infinite programming with AMPL. Technical Report ALG/EF/4-2002, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal, December 2002. [http://www.norg. uminho.pt/aivaz/]. ] database are also shown. †E-mail: emgpf@dps.uminho.pt ‡E-mail: p.gomes@ic.ac. uk
A Novel Approach to Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: The Team Clinic Model

The transition of pediatric patients into the adult world is a major medical issue and a high-risk time period (1–4). In patients with type 1 diabetes, glycemic control is at its worst during adolescence and emerging adulthood (5,6). The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a novel clinical care approach to the type 1 diabetes transition population that would require no additional resources or staff, would be applicable in all clinical settings, could be sustainable outside of a grant setting, and would not require additional time or appointments for patients and families. Alternative medical care approaches, specifically shared medical appointments (SMAs), have successfully increased patient and provider satisfaction, maximized billing, and improved outcomes in other challenging patient populations. The SMA model has been used in adults with chronic medical conditions (including diabetes), women receiving prenatal care, patients requiring urgent care visits, and patients needing routine health care maintenance (7–10). Although not reflected strongly in the literature, the SMA model has also been successful in the pediatric population. In the literature, SMA models have resulted in improved patient outcomes, increased satisfaction of providers and patients, and improved billing and efficiency. Group scheduling has allowed for more comprehensive visits, with increased screening rates and more frequent educational interventions (e.g., from dietitians, nursing staff, and mental health providers). The SMA model has also been found to be more efficient for medical providers, allowing them to see more patients in the same time period (10). Based on the success of SMAs in other chronic medical conditions, the Team Clinic SMA clinic was developed for adolescent patients receiving care at a large pediatric diabetes center. A multidisciplinary team of providers caring for patients in the diabetes center, including social workers, dietitians, certified …
Surveillance and antibacterial activity of commercial antibiotics against Vibrio sp. isolated from Cattle (Bos indicus) farms of Tamil Nadu, India

Total population of Vibrio sp. isolates were estimated from fecal samples of lactating dairy cows (Bos indicus), collected from five different places such as Siruvatthi, Devakottai, Arenthangi, Kundrakudi and Karaikudi of Sivagangai district of Tamil Nadu. The maximum Vibrio sp. of 34 x10 -5 was noticed in cattle fecal sample collected from Siruvatthi area. Five morphologically differed Vibrio colonies were selected and characterized by Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profile analysis to conform distinctive between the five Vibrio sp. Three primers (TW-3, RBA-5 and OPA-2) were used, among the three, TW-3 produced greater fragment patterns range from 750 bp-2000 bp between five different Vibrio sp. isolates and the other two primers RBA-5, OPA-2 showed fewer fragment patterns range from 750 bp1000 bp. To find out, the control measures of commercially available antibiotics such as amikacin, amphicilin, chloramphenical, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, erythromycin, gentamycin, vancomycin, ofloxcin and oxacilin were tested against Vibrio sp. isolates. The zone of inhibition was measured by a ruler after 16-18 hrs and ciprofloxacin showed the maximum zone of inhibition (36 mm) against Vibrio sp. (V-5).
Zeroth Order Fabry–Perot Resonance Enabled Strong Light Absorption in Ultrathin Silicon Films on Different Metals and Its Application for Color Filters

In this work, Fabry-Perot nanocavity resonance enabled strong light absorption in ultrathin single layer silicon films on different metal surfaces was investigated. It was found that the peak absorption wavelength depends on the metal underneath the silicon film in addition to the silicon film thickness. Perfect light absorption was observed in deep subwavelength ultrathin silicon films on titanium (Ti) and chromium (Cr) metal surfaces in visible spectrum, which is caused by the zeroth order Fabry-Perot resonance mode where the round-trip phase delay in the nanocavity is zero. A perfect light absorber with an ultrathin silicon film as thin as 1/27 of the absorption wavelength on titanium metal surface has been demonstrated.
catena-Poly[[(nitrato-κ2 O,O′)silver(I)]-μ-N,N′-bis(3-pyridylmethylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine]

In the title compound, [Ag(NO3)(C18H14N4)]n, the AgI atom is coordinated by two N atoms from two N,N′-bis(3-pyridylmethylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine (bpbd) molecules and two O atoms from a bidentate nitrate anion. The bpbd molecules bridge the Ag atoms into a chain. Two adjacent chains are further connected by Ag⋯Ag interactions [3.1631 (8) Å], forming a double-chain structure. A π–π interaction [centroid–centroid distance = 3.758 (3) Å] occurs between the double chains. Interchain C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed.
Evaluation of impaired β‐cell function in nonobese‐diabetic (NOD) mouse model using bioluminescence imaging

Insulin‐producing pancreatic β cells are functionally impaired or destroyed in diabetes mellitus. The onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) represents the culmination of a prolonged prediabetic phase of immune‐mediated β‐cell destruction. To assess the in vivo metabolic status of these cells, we used the ATP‐sensitive firefly luciferase bioluminescence imaging approach, as a noninvasive probe to monitor pathological alterations in β‐cell function in the nonobese‐diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D. Hence, we generated the Tolβ‐NOD transgenic mice in which doxycycline‐induc‐ible luciferase gene is selectively expressed in β cells. A sharp reduction in bioluminescence emitted in vivo from β cells at the early stages, preceded by several weeks of a limited reduction in β‐cell mass. Since this decline could be due to the ongoing inflammatory process occurring in vivo, we exposed control islets to inflammatory cytokines and observed a dramatic decrease in luciferase luminescence, which appears to be due in part to a decrease in protein levels and a drop in intracellular ATP levels. This is the first evidence that selective expression of the luciferase gene represents a sensitive method for noninvasive in vivo monitoring of early β‐cell dysfunction, subtle metabolic changes, such as endogenous ATP levels, indicative of a pathological condition in a tissue at the cellular level. —Sever, D. , Eldor, R. , Sadoun, G. , Amior, L. , Dubois, D. , Boitard, C. , Aflalo, C. , Melloul, D. Evaluation of impaired β‐cell function in nonobese‐diabetic (NOD) mouse model using bioluminescence imaging. FASEB J. 25, 676–684 (2011). www.fasebj. org
Efficient Translation Initiation Is Required for Replication of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Subgenomic Replicons

ABSTRACT An internal ribosome entry site (IRES) mediates translation initiation of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) RNA. Studies have suggested that a portion of the Npro open reading frame (ORF) is required, although its exact function has not been defined. Here we show that a subgenomic (sg) BVDV RNA in which the NS3 ORF is preceded only by the 5′ nontranslated region did not replicate to detectable levels following transfection. However, RNA synthesis and cytopathic effects were observed following serial passage in the presence of a noncytopathic helper virus. Five sg clones derived from the passaged virus contained an identical, silent substitution near the beginning of the NS3 coding sequence (G400U), as well as additional mutations. Four of the reconstructed mutant RNAs replicated in transfected cells, and in vitro translation showed increased levels of NS3 for the mutant RNAs compared to that of wild-type (wt) MetNS3. To more precisely dissect the role of these mutations, we constructed two sg derivatives: ad3.10, which contains only the G400U mutation, and ad3.7, with silent substitutions designed to minimize RNA secondary structure downstream of the initiator AUG. Both RNAs replicated and were translated in vitro to similar levels. Moreover, ad3.7 and ad3.10, but not wt MetNS3, formed toeprints downstream of the initiator AUG codon in an assay for detecting the binding of 40S ribosomal subunits and 43S ribosomal complexes to the IRES. These results suggest that a lack of stable RNA secondary structure(s), rather than a specific RNA sequence, immediately downstream of the initiator AUG is important for optimal translation initiation of pestivirus RNAs.
Sources of omega-6 fatty acids do not alter the rumen degradation and transit of fibre from dairy cow diets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the behaviour of fibre in the digestive tract on the basis of the passage kinetics of forage and concentrate particles in cows fed different omega-6 fatty-acid sources. The scientific hypothesis of this study was that omega-6 fatty acids do not interfere with the digestion of fibre in the diets of dairy cows. Five primiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in the experiment. The experimental diets were: control (C), ground soyabean (GS), cottonseed (CS), soyabean oil (SO), calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA). The global mean estimates for the parameters of passage rate (γ) were 0.038 and 0.055 h -1 for forage and concentrate, respectively. The only significant effect with respect to the passage rate was a high negative correlation between the concentrate passage rate and dry matter intake. There was less undegradable neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in treatments without added lipid. Dietary supplementation with lipid sources does not alter the kinetic parameters of roughage and concentrate particle passage or in vitro NDF degradation. Sources of omega-6 fatty acids do not alter the rumen degradation and transit of fibre.
Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography of the Carotid Circulation

Contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE MR angiography) is rapidly becoming the investigation of first choice for evaluating disease of the vascular system. It is particularly applicable to the carotid circulation and has replaced more traditional time-of-flight imaging because of shorter acquisition times and fewer artifacts. With recent advances in gradient hardware, shorter repetition times allow high spatial resolution imaging of the entire carotid circulation form the aortic arch to the circle of Willis in less than 20 seconds. Additional acquisitions can be utilized as part of the same study to accurately time the arrival of contrast in the arterial system and overcome the problem of early venous enhancement. A number of techniques have been developed recently that allow CE MR angiography to be implemented with high temporal resolution. Both atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic carotid artery disease can be comprehensively assessed with CE MR angiography, preventing the need for conventional diagnostic angiography.
The late-time afterglow of the extremely energetic short burst GRB 090510 revisited

Context. The Swift discovery of the short burst GRB 090510 has raised considerable attention mainly because of two reasons: first, it had a bright optical afterglow, and second it is among the most energetic events detected so far within the entire GRB population (long plus short). The afterglow of GRB 090510 was observed with Swift/UVOT and Swift/XRT and evidence of a jet break around 1.5 ks after the burst has been reported in the literature, implying that after this break the optical and X-ray light curve should fade with the same decay slope. Aims. As noted by several authors, the post-break decay slope seen in the UVOT data is much shallower than the steep decay in the X-ray band, pointing to a (theoretically hard to understand) excess of optical flux at late times. We assess here the validity of this peculiar behavior. Methods. We reduced and analyzed new afterglow light-curve data obtained with the multichannel imager GROND. These additional g’ r’ i’ z’
A Schumpeterian Model of the Product Life Cycle

This paper presents a dynamic general equilibrium model of North-South trade in which research and development races between firms determine the rate of product innovation in the North. Tariffs designed to protect dying industries in the North from Southern competition reduce the steady-state number of dominant firms in the North, reduce the rate of product innovation, and increase the relative wage of Northern workers. Copyright 1990 by American Economic Association.
Effect of nutritional plane on health and performance in dairy calves after experimental infection with Cryptosporidium parvum.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of nutritional plane on health and performance of dairy calves after infection with Cryptosporidium parvum. DESIGN Randomized, controlled trial. ANIMALS 20 Holstein bull calves. PROCEDURES Calves were assigned to a higher plane of nutrition (HPN; 0.30 Mcal intake energy/kg of metabolic body weight using a 28% protein-20% fat milk replacer) or conventional nutrition (CN; 0.13 Mcal intake energy/kg of metabolic body weight using a 20% protein-20% fat milk replacer). Calves were inoculated with C parvum oocysts at 3 days old. Fecal and health scores, oocyst counts, weight gain, dry matter intake, and hematologic variables were measured for 21 days. Data were analyzed with nonparametric and regression methods. Results-Body weight (day 1), serum total protein concentration (day 3), and PCV (day 3) were not different between groups. Oocyst shedding was not different between groups. The PCV was higher in the CN group (40%), compared with the HPN group (32%) at the end of the study. Fecal scores (FS) improved faster in the HPN group (median, -0.1 FS/feeding), compared with the CN group (median, -0.06 FS/feeding). The HPN calves had better average daily gain (ADG) than did CN calves (median, 433 g/d vs -48 g/d, respectively). Feed efficiency (ADG:dry matter intake ratio) was better for HPN calves than CN calves (median, 131.9 g/kg vs -31.4 g/kg). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE After a pathogen challenge, calves maintained hydration, had faster resolution of diarrhea, grew faster, and converted feed with greater efficiency when fed a higher plane of nutrition.
Social media for informal science learning in China: A case study

This article reports a case study on a popular informal science learning community via social media in China, named GuoKr (meaning “nutshell” in English). Data were collected through a variety of Chinese social media and social networking sites, web-based community portals, and discussion boards. Content analyses and data mining were conducted to investigate how GuoKr successfully attracted and engaged public in informal learning on scientific topics in particular. The study found three key characteristics that contributed to the success of such learning communities: (a) utilizing a variety of social media to empower participants with just-in-time, accidental learning opportunities; (b) daily tweets related to emerging or ongoing social events or hot topics to provide brief but intriguing knowledge “bites”, which often leads to extended readings and related resources; and (c) the integration of social media and traditional face-to-face local events to engage the public in science-related learning and knowledge sharing. Practical and research implications are discussed with suggestions for future research as related to ubiquitous learning communities for informal science learning. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel. 2014.06. 018
Effects of Market Competition on Taiwan Newspaper Diversity

This study investigates effects of market competition on newspaper diversity in Taiwan. Using Simpson's D, this study found that overall newspaper market diversity increased after a new daily newspaper entered the market. Although overall diversity increased, the traditional newspapers decreased their content diversity. The new newspaper offered a higher level of content diversity than traditional newspapers, which differentiated themselves by becoming more specialized.
A survey of success factors in New Product Development in the medical devices industry

This study of the factors that are correlated with success in new product development (NPD) is based on 68 responses to a survey of medical device companies in the UK and Ireland. It was found that the degree of technological innovation, the involvement of end users in the development process, the dissemination of NPD priorities to staff, and the use of financial analysis throughout the development process were all correlated with success in a statistically significant manner. These findings demonstrate the importance of innovation, integration and the use of financial metrics to sustained product development success. In addition, this survey found that new-to-the world innovations made up only 4.4% of NPD projects in larger companies and 9.3% of NPD projects in small and medium sized enterprises.