Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probing radio source environments via H i and OH absorption

We present the results of H i and OH absorption measurements towards a sample of radio sources using the Arecibo 305-m telescope and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). In total, 27 radio sources were searched for associated 21-cm H i absorption. One totally new H i absorption system was detected against the radio galaxy 3C258, while five previously known H i absorption systems, and one galaxy detected in emission, were studied with improved frequency resolution and/or sensitivity. Our sample included 17 gigahertz peaked spectrum (GPS) and compact steep spectrum (CSS) objects, four of which exhibit H i absorption. This detection rate of ∼25 per cent compares with a value of ∼40 per cent by Vermeulen et al. for similar sources. We detected neither OH emission nor absorption towards any of the sources that were observed at Arecibo. We are, however, able to estimate a limit on the abundance ratio of N(H i)/N(OH) ≳ 4 × 106 for 3C258. We have combined our results with those from other available H i searches to compile a heterogeneous sample of 96 radio sources consisting of 27 GPS, 35 CSS, 13 compact flat spectrum (CFS) and 21 large (LRG) sources. The H i absorption detection rate is highest (∼45 per cent) for the compact GPS sources and least for the LRG sources. We find H i column density to be anticorrelated with source size, as reported earlier by Pihlstrom et al., a trend which is consistent with the results of optical spectroscopy. The H i column density shows no significant dependence on either redshift or luminosity, which are themselves strongly correlated. These results suggest that the environments of radio sources on GPS/CSS scales are similar at different redshifts. Further, in accordance with the unification scheme, the GPS/CSS galaxies have an H i detection rate of ∼40 per cent which is higher than the detection rate (∼20 per cent) towards the GPS/CSS quasars. Also, the principal (strongest) absorption component detected towards GPS sources appears blueshifted in ∼65 per cent of the cases. This is in agreement with the growing evidence for jet–cloud interactions playing an important role in determining the ionization and kinematical properties of the ambient gas.
A new (2+1)D cluster finding algorithm based on photometric redshifts: large scale structure in the Chandra deep field south

Aims. We study galaxy clustering and explore the dependence of galaxy properties on the the environment up to a redshift z ∼ 1, on the basis of a deep multi-band survey in the Chandra Deep Field South. Methods. We have developed a new method which combines galaxy angular positions and photometric redshifts to estimate the local galaxy number-density. This allows both the detection of overdensities in the galaxy distribution and the study of the properties of the galaxy population as a function of the environmental density. Results. We detect two moderate overdensities at z ∼ 0.7 and z ∼ 1 previously identified spectroscopically. We find that the fraction of red galaxies within each structure increases with volume density, extending to z ∼ 1 previous results. We measure “red sequence” slopes consistent with the values found in X-ray selected clusters, supporting the notion that the mass-metallicity relation hold constant up to z ∼ 1. Conclusions. Our method based on photometric redshifts allows to extend structure detection and density estimates up to the limits of photometric surveys, i.e. considerably deeper than spectroscopic surveys. Since X-ray cluster detection at high redshift is presently limited to massive relaxed structures, galaxy volume density based on photometric redshift appears as a valuable tool in the study of galaxy evolution.
Analysis of Muscle Fatigue Using Electromyography Signals in Gastrocnemius Muscle during Isometric Plantar Flexion

Fatigue during plantar flexion and the gastrocnemius muscles causes an increase in mediolateral sway and postural control impairment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the variation in the surface electromyography (sEMG) characteristics during isometric plantar flexion. For this, sEMG signals are recorded from the medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscle from 8 subjects and a minimum of 3 trials each, leading to a total of 25 trials per leg. The subjects performed isometric plantar flexion and are asked to hold the position until fatigue. The result shows that the endurance time of each subject vary. On comparing the endurance between legs, a marginal difference is observed. The recorded signal is nonstationary in nature. On visual inspection, the signals show an increase in amplitude with fatigue. The features such as RMS show an increase in value with 20.31% in right leg and 13.93% in the left leg for the signals from medial and lateral gastrocnemius. The proposed muscle fatigue index is a co-contraction based feature and provides better separation between non-fatigue and fatigue. The P-values obtained indicate that the proposed feature performs better than the conventional RMS value with a significance level of P<0.01. This study can be extended to analyze other neuromuscular conditions.
Condorcet's Theory of Voting

Condcrcet's criterion states that an alternative that defeats every other by a simple majority is the socially optimal choice. Condorcet argued that if the object of voting is to determine the “best” decision for society but voters sometimes make mistakes in their judgments, then the majority alternative (if it exists) is statistically most likely to be the best choice. Strictly speaking, this claim is not true; in some situations Bordas rule gives a sharper estimate of the best alternative. Nevertheless, Condorcet did propose a novel and statistically correct rule for finding the most likely ranking of the alternatives. This procedure, which is sometimes known as “Kemeny's rule,” is the unique social welfare function that satisfies a variant of independence of irrelevant alternatives together with several other standard properties.
Analysis of Multinomial Models With Unknown Index Using Data Augmentation

Multinomial models with unknown index (“sample size”) arise in many practical settings. In practice, Bayesian analysis of such models has proved difficult because the dimension of the parameter space is not fixed, being in some cases a function of the unknown index. We describe a data augmentation approach to the analysis of this class of models that provides for a generic and efficient Bayesian implementation. Under this approach, the data are augmented with all-zero detection histories. The resulting augmented dataset is modeled as a zero-inflated version of the complete-data model where an estimable zero-inflation parameter takes the place of the unknown multinomial index. Interestingly, data augmentation can be justified as being equivalent to imposing a discrete uniform prior on the multinomial index. We provide three examples involving estimating the size of an animal population, estimating the number of diabetes cases in a population using the Rasch model, and the motivating example of estimating the number of species in an animal community with latent probabilities of species occurrence and detection.
Computation of Periodic Instability of Stratified Fluid Using Continuous Vortex Sheet Dynamics 1

A new model is proposed to compute the time evolution of the interface between two inviscid fluids moving with uniform velocity, subjected to instabilities of the Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) type. In this model, the interface is represented by a Continuous Vortex Sheet (CVS) which both preserves the full nonlinearity of interfacial boundary conditions and provides a higher-order representation of the geometry and field variables than in previously proposed models. Time updating of CVS’s geometry and circulation is calculated as a function of gravity, interfacial surface tension, and fluid density difference. An intrinsic variable expansion technique is introduced to deal with the hyper-singularity occurring in the Biot-Savart integrals describing CVS’s velocity. The model is applied to predict the nonlinear growth of periodic KH instabilities in a two fluid stratified system. Results demonstrate that the CVS representation provides both higher numerical accuracy and stability and gives a more accurate physical picture of the disturbance evolution than less accurate methods, like point vortex models, used in earlier analyses. keywords : continuous vortex sheet, stratified fluid instability, KH instability
Local Ontologies for Semantic Interoperability in Supply Chain Networks

Most of the issues of current supply chain management practices are related to the challenges of interoperability of relevant enterprise information systems (EIS). In this paper, we present the ontological framework for semantic interoperability of EISs in supply chain networks, based on Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model, its semantic enrichment and mappings with relevant enterprise conceptualizations. In order to introduce the realities of the enterprises into this framework, namely their models, we define and implement the approach to generation of local ontologies, based on the databases of their EISs. Also, we discuss on the translation between semantic and SQL queries, a process in which implicit semantics of the EIS's databases and explicit semantics of the local ontologies become inter-related.
A proposed protocol on HDR cylinder treatments: proof of avoidance of re-planning of CT based fractionated treatment, using a critical, statistical and graphical analysis of clinical data

Purpose An evaluation of CT plan data, using cylinder applicators, in fractionated HDR treatments of cervical cancers has been investigated in this clinical study. Critical and statistical analysis of the data, for each patient and fraction, for plan dose, doses for bladder and rectum have been enumerated and reported. Plans were done for each patient, following CT scans after insertion of the applicator in the respective cases. This process involved time for CT-scan and re-plan, in each fraction, adding cost of treatments for the poor patients. Material and methods This study on HDR brachytherapy for cervical cancer patients has applied the Co-60 BEBIG Multisource Unit. Cylinder applicators have been applied for treatments. A selection of twenty nine patients, out of a few hundred representative female patients, in the age group of 40-70 years, has been analyzed and presented in this paper. Radiation oncologists inserted the applicator and fixed it in more than 600 treatments. This study, therefore, aimed at their insertion technique, CT-planning by radiation oncology physicists and the delivery of the treatments. Details of set up and technique has been explained, where bladder and rectum doses has been assessed within the tolerance limit [1]. Results Statistical analysis of data from the treatment plans, substantiates the conclusion of the argument that there is no need to do CT-plans for each subsequently prescribed number of fractions as the doses in plan, bladder and rectum are restricted within the limits of tolerance. Data in Table 1 are analyzed in various graphs. This utilized the Empirical Null Distribution of Group Differences. A graphic study of dose distribution is reported to assure the expected variation of dose from the central tandem. This analysis proves to substantiate a protocol that no re-plan for fractionated delivery is essential following the approval of the first plan. Conclusions The goal of this study was to critically evaluate the outcome of fractionated cylinder treatments of cervical cancers. This resulted in the set up technique for insertion of applicators and treatment plan, following a CT-scan and the assertion of the argument that re-plans are not necessary for multiple HDR cylinder treatments for the same patient [2, 3].
Input-to-state stabilization of low-complexity model predictive controllers for linear systems

Research on sub-optimal Model Predictive Control (MPC) has led to a variety of optimization methods based on explicit or online approaches, or combinations thereof. Its foremost aim is to guarantee essential controller properties, i.e. recursive feasibility, stability, and robustness, at reduced and predictable computational cost, i.e. computation time and storage space. This paper shows how the input sequence of any (not necessarily stabilizing) sub-optimal controller and the shifted input sequence from the previous time step can be used in an optimal combination, which is easy to determine online, in order to guarantee input-to-state stability (ISS) for the closed-loop system. The presented method is thus able to stabilize a wide range of existing sub-optimal MPC schemes that lack a formal stability guarantee, if they can be considered as a continuous map from the state space to the space of feasible input sequences.
Sports Team’s Well-being: An Integrative Perspective of the Role of Conflict and Emotional Intelligence on Trust and Happiness (pp. 371-376)

The concept of well-being has been considered an important factor for explaining human satisfaction and happiness. This well-being is a combination of two aspects of happiness (objectivity and subjectivity) (Alatartseva & Barysheva, 2015), and it consists of past and current experience as a form of good and bad (Kahneman, 1999; Kahneman & Riis, 2005). Alatartseva and Barysheva (2015) suggest the objectivity of well-being relates to the materialistic quality of life while the subjectivity of it relates to an individual’s psychological experience. Traditionally, organizational studies have underscored the importance of psychological well-being of individuals to understand individuals’ job performance and satisfaction (Atkins, Marshall, & Javalgi, 1996; Lee & Woo, 2017; Wright & Cropanzano, 2004). Fundamentally, any form of organization has sub-organizational structures in the form of departments and teams consisting of two or more individuals. It indicates that we need to understand how individuals manage their happiness by interacting with other members in the sub-organization (team) and what kind of elements can be either positive factors or negative factors to achieve both individuals’ objective and subjective happiness.
Are GCC Countries Ready for Currency Union ?

Using formal and informal criteria, we test whether GCC is an optimum currency area (OCA). Based on the traditional OCA criteria, we find that GCC countries are yet to fulfill the necessary pre-conditions for the establishment of Currency Union (CU). The structure of their economies remains dominated by the oil sector, intraregional trade is very limited and, unlike what many believe, there does not seem to be evidence of convergence in their main macroeconomic fundamentals nor synchronization of their business cycles. The more formal test based on the Generalized Purchasing Power Parity Theory (G-PPP), shows that real exchange rates in GCC are closely related and share the same stochastic trend and hence points to the readiness, although to different degrees, of the countries of the region for CU. We argue that the main factors that are favorable for the establishment of CU are the commitment by all GCC countries to fixed exchange rate arrangements and a strong political resolve to achieve economic integration. Despite the lack of diversification and actual weakness of intra-GCC inter-industry trade, CU, once established, can expand intra-industry trade among GCC if the proper steps are taken toward more specialization and sophistication of their respective industries. On the other hand, CU may result in more synchronized business cycles provided that GCC countries achieve convergence in their economic structure, policies and regulations. In order to achieve these potential benefits of CU, GCC countries need to accelerate economic integration and fulfill the requirements of the GCC common market through the lifting of all restrictions on the free movement of goods and factors, and the creation of supranational institutions that would subordinate national interest for the regional one. This would be possible only if individual countries are willing to surrender some of their national prerogatives in favor of the interest of the region as a whole.
Identification of Student's Bag using QR Tag Scanner

Detection System for Mobile Identity Bag Owners Students Using QR Codes (Quick Response) was developed to create a system of safety features in a briefcase National Defence University of Malaysia (NDUM) used by students. QR code technology is the best technology to solve the problems faced by the current system. The system is capable of decod QR, information display and transmission of information through short messaging system (SMS) is the best solution to replace the current system. Results from observational studies on the new system, the implementation of QR code tag on the briefcase with QR Tag Scanner application was able to overcome the difficulties encountered in identifying the true owner of the briefcase found. However, improvements to the Identity Detection System Owner Phone Bags Students Using QR Codes to do from time to time in order to create a more efficient system.
Achieving the capacity of any DMC using only polar codes

We construct a channel coding scheme to achieve the capacity of any discrete memoryless channel based solely on the techniques of polar coding. In particular, we show how source polarization and randomness extraction via polarization can be employed to “shape” uniformly-distributed i.i. d. random variables into approximate i.i. d. random variables distributed according to the capacity-achieving distribution. We then combine this shaper with a variant of polar channel coding, constructed by the duality with source coding, to achieve the channel capacity. Our scheme inherits the low complexity encoder and decoder of polar coding. It differs conceptually from Gallager's method for achieving capacity, and we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two schemes. An application to the AWGN channel is discussed.
PHILOSOPHICAL REMARKS CONCERNING UPWARD AND DOWNWARD CAUSATION IN THE REALM OF THE TURN TO AFFECT.

Several philosophical research programs developed within the Philosophy of Mind in recent decades have tried to overcome the intellectualist bias that underpinned early findings of the Cognitivist program. In the realm of what has been called the “Turn to Affect”, philosophical developments related to the neuroscientific tradition have emphasized the influence of upward causality, while others, related to the phenomenological tradition have favoured the incidence of downward causality. However, recent discussions have brought to light new conceptualizations that may help to relieve this tension through a renewed understanding of bi-directional causal relations between bodily affects and intentional feelings.
Spatially Correlated Mixture Models with Application in Genomic Hypothesis Testing

An important task in genomic studies is the detection of genes satisfying certain conditions, such as being regulatory targets of a transcription factor (TF). With high-throughput data, e.g. microarray data, this is usually formulated as a simultaneous hypothesis testing problem. Gaussian mixture model (GMM) can be used in such a problem. However, standard GMM assumes that all the genes have an identical and independent distribution a priori, which contradicts the biological fact that genes work coordinately as dictated by gene networks. Wei and Pan (2008) proposed a spatially correlated mixture model to integrate gene network information into the statistical analysis of genomic data. We applied the standard model, Wei and Pan's model, and a similar model with modifications to a real ChIP-chip data set. By comparing the ROC curves, we found that both spatial models had better performance than did the standard model. The modified spatial model gave even higher statistical power, as well as the ability to discover more potential target genes. Acknowledgments In the first place I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my advisor Dr. Kang James for her supervision, advice and encouragement. She has been providing me with persistent help during my two-year study at the University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD). She helped me pick this interesting topic, guided me through those difficult theory parts, and kept encouraging me throughout this project. Without her support, this report would not have been possible. I gratefully thank my committee members, Dr. Barry James and Dr. Marshall Hampton, for their precious time to read this report and their valuable comments and suggestions. Dr. Barry James helped me correct errors in the earlier draft. I have also benefited by his knowledge and ideas from his two fabulous statistical courses. Last but not least, I owe my warmest thanks to all my friends who have offered their generous help and warm encouragement during this project. I also would like to thank the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at UMD for providing me with financial support as well as a great study environment and research facilities.
Design and Training for Combinational Neural-Logic Systems

This paper presents the combinational neural-logic system. The basic components, i.e., the neural-logic-and, -or, and -not gates, will be proposed. As different applications have different characteristics, a traditional neural network with a common structure might not handle every application well if some network connections are redundant and cause internal disturbances, which may downgrade the training and network performance. In this paper, the proposed neural-logic gates are the basic building blocks for the applications. Based on the knowledge of the application and the neural-logic design methodology, a combinational neural-logic system can be designed systematically to incorporate the characteristics of the application into the structure of the combinational neural-logic system. It will enhance the training and network performance. The parameters of the combinational neural-logic system will be trained by the genetic algorithm. To illustrate the merits of the proposed approach, the combinational neural-logic system will be realized practically to recognize Cantonese speech commands for an electronic book
Automorphic Signatures in Bilinear Groups and an Application to Round-Optimal Blind Signatures

We introduce the notion of automorphic signatures, which satisfy the following properties: the verification keys lie in the message space, messages and signatures consist of elements of a bilinear group, and verification is done by evaluating a set of pairing-product equations. These signatures make a perfect counterpart to the powerful proof system by Groth and Sahai (Eurocrypt 2008). We provide practical instantiations of automor- phic signatures under appropriate assumptions and use them to construct the first efficient round-optimal blind signatures. By combining them with Groth-Sahai proofs, we moreover give practical instantiations of various other cryptographic primitives, such as fully-secure group signatures, non-interactive anonymous credentials and anonymous proxy signatures. To do so, we show how to transform signature schemes whose message space is a group to a scheme that signs arbitrarily many messages at once.