Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of a combined synthetic fibre bag method to estimate the true total tract digestion of organic matter and nitrogen of hay and grass silage in cows.

A 4 x 4 Latin square experiment was designed to determine and compare the total tract digestion of organic matter (OM) and nitrogen of hay and grass silage by combining the ruminal and intestinal digestion estimates obtained by the rumen bag and mobile bag methods. The diets were composed of forage alone or 30% forage and 70% barley. The rumen degradation (RD) was calculated using the degradation constants a, b, and c obtained to the forages, according to the equation RD = a+bc/(c+k). Intestinal digestion of escape feeds was estimated using the feed residues that resisted rumen degradation during 16 hours. For comparative purposes, the total tract digestion was also calculated based on the actual rumen degradation of forages during 16 hours rumen incubation. The effect of dietary interaction on the digestion of forages was assessed. Rumen degradation values obtained by 16 hours incubation did not provide sufficient basis to estimate reliably the total tract digestion by the combined bag method. Using calculated RD total tract digestion of OM of hay and grass silage were rather close to conventional in vivo digestion coefficient of respective feeds similar in chemical composition, when barley was not included in the diet. With hay, but not with grass silage, barley always markedly reduced the rumen degradation and total digestion of OM. Barley supplementation always increased the proportion of feed digested in the intestine. Nitrogen digestion was always higher with grass silage than with hay, and the combined bag method produced N digestion values 17.6-22.0%-units higher than those in the feed table. Barley supplementation did not affect the N digestion of the forages. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cutting Edge: CD4 Is the Receptor for the Tick Saliva Immunosuppressor, Salp151

Salp15 is an Ixodes scapularis salivary protein that inhibits CD4+ T cell activation through the repression of TCR ligation-triggered calcium fluxes and IL-2 production. We show in this study that Salp15 binds specifically to the CD4 coreceptor on mammalian host T cells. Salp15 specifically associates through its C-terminal residues with the outermost two extracellular domains of CD4. Upon binding to CD4, Salp15 inhibits the subsequent TCR ligation-induced T cell signaling at the earliest steps including tyrosine phosphorylation of the Src kinase Lck, downstream effector proteins, and lipid raft reorganization. These results provide a molecular basis to understanding the immunosuppressive activity of Salp15 and its specificity for CD4+ T cells.
Cross layer transmit antenna selection in MQAM modulation MIMO systems

Antenna selection is an attractive technique in MIMO system that improves the system performance and reduces the system complexity and cost. Throughput based antenna selection is new. This technique utilizes cross layer information to select k instead of M transmit antennas to maximize the throughput of the system. Throughput based transmit antenna selection is proposed in this paper when truncated selective repeat automatic repeat request (TSR-ARQ) or selective repeat plus go back N automatic repeat request (GBN+SR-ARQ) is applied at data link layer. The throughput of MIMO system with TSR-ARQ or SR+GBN-ARQ at data link layer is derived analytically with MQAM modulation at physical layer. The improvement of whole system throughput with cross layer based antenna selection will be shown in this paper.
Self-association of class I major histocompatibility complex molecules in liposome and cell surface membranes.

Fluorescent derivatives of a human MHC class I glycoprotein, HLA-A2, were reconstituted into dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes. Measurements of lateral diffusion of fluorescein-(Fl-) labeled HLA-A2 by fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR), of rotational diffusion of erythrosin-(Er-) labeled HLA-A2 by time-resolved phosphorescence anisotropy (TPA), and of molecular proximity by flow cytometric fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FCET) showed that these class I MHC molecules self-associate in liposome membranes, forming small aggregates even at low surface concentrations. The lateral diffusion coefficient (Dlat) of Fl-HLA-A2 decreases with increasing surface protein concentration over a range of lipid:protein molar ratios (L/P) between 8000:1 and 2000:1. The reduction in Dlat of HLA molecules in DMPC liposomes is found to be sensitive to time and temperature. The rotational correlation time for Er-HLA-A2 in DMPC liposomes at 30 degrees C is 87 +/- 0.8 microseconds, at least 10 times larger than that expected for an HLA monomer. There is also significant quenching of donor (Fl-HLA) fluorescence at 37 degrees C in the presence of acceptor-labeled (sulforhodamine-labeled HLA) protein indicating proximity between HLA molecules even at L/P = 4000:1. FPR and FCET measurements with another membrane glycoprotein, glycophorin, give no evidence for its self-association. HLA aggregation measured by FPR, FCET, and TPA was blocked by beta 2-microglobulin, b2m, added to the liposomes. The aggregation of HLA-A2 molecules is not an artifact of their reconstitution into liposomes. HLA aggregates, defined by FCET, were readily detected on the surface of human lymphoblastoid (JY) cells. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effective robotic swarm communication using WiMax technology

Swarm robots are characterized by its ability to perform a number of operations distributed in order to reach a single goal. So they need to communicate continuously and effectively. However, one of the most common obstacles facing these robots is the environment in which they work. It is possible that the common goal is widely distributed and in difficult places where communication is difficult. So the aim of the research is to use a modern technology that enables the squadrons to communicate at long distances. WiMAX changed into deliberate because of its numerous merits, collectively with its functionality to kilometers. Four factors were then analyzed to measure performance through data transmission through audio, video and e-mail as well as searching through browsing. The consequences indicated that performance reached excessive degrees beneath particular obstacles. WiMax generation demonstrates its capability to enhance the performance of both upload response time and download response time and lowering both of the traffic received and traffic sent between robots.
Littéracie, SMS et troubles spécifiques du langage écrit

La fin du XXeme siecle a ete marquee par un essor sans precedent des Nouvelles Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (NTIC). Courriels, forums de discussion, blogs, SMS, tchats sont autant de situations nouvelles de communication ecrite nees du developpement et de la diffusion des outils electroniques (ordinateur et telephone mobile). L’utilisation de plus en plus etendue de ces outils, que ce soit dans le cadre prive, professionnel voire scolaire, est a l’origine de nouveaux codes et de manieres differentes de traiter l’ecrit. De fait, les conditions techniques de la communication electronique ont une influence sur les pratiques scripturales et le rapport que les individus entretiennent avec la langue ecrite.
Thermodynamic and kinetic determinants of Thermotoga maritima cold shock protein stability: A structural and dynamic analysis

The cold shock protein (CSP) from hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima (TmCSP) is only marginally stable (ΔG(Topt) = 0.3 kcal/mol) at 353 K, the optimum environmental temperature (Topt) for T. maritima. In comparison, homologous CSPs from E. coli (ΔG(Topt) = 2.2 kcal/mol) and B. subtilis (ΔG(Topt) = 1.5 kcal/mol) are at least five times more stable at 310 K, the Topt for the mesophiles. Yet at the room temperature, TmCSP is more stable (ΔG(TR) = 4.7 kcal/mol) than its homologues (ΔG(TR) = 3.0 kcal/mol for E. coli CSP and ΔG(TR) = 2.1 kcal/mol for B. subtilis CSP). This unique observation suggests that kinetic, rather than thermodynamic, barriers toward unfolding might help TmCSP native structure at high temperatures. Consistently, the unfolding rate of TmCSP is considerably slower than its homologues. High temperature (600 K) complete unfolding molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of TmCSP support our hypothesis and reveal an unfolding scheme unique to TmCSP. For all the studied homologues of TmCSP, the unfolding process first starts at the C‐terminal region and N‐terminal region unfolds in the end. But for TmCSP, both the terminals resist unfolding for consistently longer simulation times and, in the end, unfold simultaneously. In TmCSP, the C‐terminal region is better fortified and has better interactions with the N‐terminal region due to the charged residues, R2, E47, E49, H61, K63, and E66, being in spatial vicinity. The electrostatic interactions among these residues are unique to TmCSP. Consistently, the room temperature MD simulations show that TmCSP is more rigid at its N‐ and C‐termini as compared to its homologues from E. coli, B. subtilis, and B. caldolyticus. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
H2A.B facilitates transcription elongation at methylated CpG loci

H2A.B is a unique histone H2A variant that only exists in mammals. Here we found that H2A.B is ubiquitously expressed in major organs. Genome-wide analysis of H2A.B in mouse ES cells shows that H2A.B is associated with methylated DNA in gene body regions. Moreover, H2A.B-enriched gene loci are actively transcribed. One typical example is that H2A.B is enriched in a set of differentially methylated regions at imprinted loci and facilitates transcription elongation. These results suggest that H2A.B positively regulates transcription elongation by overcoming DNA methylation in the transcribed region. It provides a novel mechanism by which transcription is regulated at DNA hypermethylated regions.
Silent Owl Flight: Acoustic Wind Tunnel Measurements on Prepared Wings

wings are characterized in the study as technical airfoils in terms of their acoustic and aerodynamic performance. The experiments took place in an aeroacoustic open jet wind tunnel using microphone array measurement technique and deconvolution beamforming algorithms. Simultaneously to the acoustic measurements, the lift and drag forces of the wings were captured using a six-component-balance. This study, which is a complementary study to the approach of performing yover measurements on ying birds, further conrms experimentally that the silent owl ight is a consequence of the special wing and plumage adaptations of the owls and not a consequence of their lower ight speed only.
Low-Grade Ovarian Serous Neoplasms (Low-Grade Serous Carcinoma and Serous Borderline Tumor) Associated With High-Grade Serous Carcinoma or Undifferentiated Carcinoma: Report of a Series of Cases of an Unusual Phenomenon

Recent literature has suggested a dual pathway of ovarian serous carcinogenesis, with most serous carcinomas falling into 1 of 2 categories, low grade and high grade. These are considered to represent 2 distinct tumor types with a different underlying pathogenesis and associated with different molecular events, clinical behavior, and prognosis. Low-grade serous carcinoma is thought to evolve in many instances from a preexisting serous borderline tumor and cystadenoma. Given the distinct pathogenesis and different molecular events, it is expected that the coexistence of low-grade and high-grade serous carcinoma would be rare or may even be mutually exclusive; moreover, there are very few reported examples in the literature. We report a series of 7 cases in patients aged 34 to 78 years in whom ovarian low-grade serous carcinoma (4 cases, including 3 with associated serous borderline tumor), serous borderline tumor (2 cases), or seromucinous borderline tumor (1 case) was associated with a high-grade carcinoma, either high-grade serous (5 cases) or undifferentiated carcinoma (2 cases). The low-grade and high-grade components coexisted in the original neoplasm in 4 cases, and the high-grade component was present only in recurrence in 3 cases. In both instances, the undifferentiated carcinoma had a focal rhabdoid morphology, and alternative primary sites of tumor were excluded by a combination of clinical, radiologic, and pathologic parameters. We illustrate that low-grade serous carcinoma or serous borderline tumor (“low-grade” serous neoplasms) may rarely be associated with, and probably give rise to, a high-grade carcinoma, either high-grade serous or undifferentiated carcinoma. The coexistence of a low-grade serous neoplasm and undifferentiated carcinoma can be regarded as a form of dedifferentiation. p53 was diffusely positive in 4 of 6 high-grade carcinomas, which raises the possibility that secondary Tp53 mutation is important in high-grade transformation in some of these cases. WT1 was negative in the 2 undifferentiated carcinomas, and PAX8 was positive in 1, suggesting that the latter marker is more useful in helping to confirm a Mullerian origin in dedifferentiated low-grade serous neoplasms.
A blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for bovine virus diarrhoea virus serology.

Summary A blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection and titration of serum antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) virus is described. The ELISA was compared with a virus neutralization (VN) test. A positive correlation was found between the BVD virus antibody titres measured with the two tests and an equal effectiveness was found in measuring maternal antibodies. The VN test appeared to be more sensitive in detecting an early immune response as shown by the results of an experimental infection. The two tests showed a similar sensitivity in making a diagnosis of BVD virus infection by testing paired serum samples from the field. Zusammenfassung Ein enzymgebundener Hemm-Immunadsorptionstest (ELISA) zum serologischen Nachweis von Bovinem Virus-Diarrhoe Virus Ein enzymgebundener Hemm-Immunadsorptionstest (ELISA) zum Nachweis und zur Titration von Serum-Antikorpern gegen das Bovine Virus-Diarrhoe (BVD) Virus wird beschrieben. Der ELISA-Test wurde mit einem Virus-Neutralisationstest (VN) verglichen. Eine positive Korrelation wurde zwischen den in beiden Tests gemessenen BVD-Antikorper-Titern gefunden. Gleiche Brauchbarkeit wurde beim Nachweis maternaler Antikorper festgestellt. Der VN-Test erschien sensitiver beim Nachweis fruherer Immunreaktionen, wie die Ergebnisse einer experimentellen Infektion zeigten. Beide Tests hatten etwa gleiche Empfindlichkeit zur Diagnose einer BVD-Virus-Infektion bei der Untersuchung von Serumpaaren aus der Praxis.
Différentiation automatique et formes de Taylor en analyse statique de programmes numériques

Des travaux recents sur l'analyse statique de programmes numeriques ont montre que les techniques d'interpretation abstraite etaient adaptees a la validation de la precision des calculs en arithmetique flottante. L'utilisation des intervalles comme domaine numerique, meme avec des methodes de subdivision, induit une sur-approximation des resultats en particulier par l'existence de l'effet enveloppant (wrapping effect). Une solution utilisee pour eviter ce probleme est la definition de domaines relationnels etroitement lies aux proprietes a valider. Nous allons montrer dans cet article comment des techniques de differentiation automatique peuvent etre utilisees pour definir des formes de Taylor permettant de definir une nouvelle analyse statique.
A Case Report of Corticobasal Degeneration

To the Editor: Although percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding is widely used as a convenient method of long-term nutritional support, administration of liquid nutrients often accompanies complications such as vomiting or diarrhea. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) presumably causes vomiting, which may result in aspiration. Therefore, half-solid nutrients were used for PEG feeding, and whether this approach can reduce GER was examined. Seventeen patients (mean age standard deviation5 79.9 10.5) who were on PEG feeding participated in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Liquid or half-solid nutrients were administered via PEG tubing in a randomized order. Half-solid nutrients were prepared by mixing 5 g of agarose with 500 mL of liquid nutrients diluted with the same volume of water. Incidence of GER was assessed using computed tomography (CT) scan of the esophagus. Liquid nutrients were administered over 15 minutes in portions of 400 mL containing 20 mL of the water-soluble contrast material, Gastrografin (methylglucamine diatrizoate). The halfsolid nutrients were administered via bolus injections of the same volume of nutrients, which were contained separately in 50 mL syringes. Thirty minutes after the administration, a CT scan was performed in 1-cm-thick slices of the esophageal portion. GER was confirmed if the Hounsfield number exceeded 100 in each slice examined. A Hounsfield number of 100 was employed because it can unequivocally distinguish the mixture of the nutrients containing contrast material from the esophageal and other surrounding tissues. A radiologist who was not informed of the type of nutrients used assessed the CT images. Statistical comparison of the incidence of GER between the two types of nutrients was made using McNemar test. GER was confirmed in 10 of the 17 subjects (58.8%) when they received liquid nutrients. By contrast, when they received half-solid nutrients, only four of 17 subjects (23.5%) showed evidence of GER from CT findings (w56.0, df51, P5.014, by McNemar test) (Table 1). The advantages of PEG feeding over nasogastric feeding have been discussed elsewhere, although there have been some complications reported. Of the complications, vomiting can be a cause of fatal aspiration due to a reflux of the administered nutrients. The tubing used for PEG feeding has made it possible to apply half-solidified nutrients, which we hypothesized would cause less reflux from the stomach. As expected, less evidence of GER was observed when using half-solid nutrients than when using
The cryptochrome (cry) Gene and a Mating Isolation Mechanism in Tephritid Fruit Flies

Two sibling species of tephritid fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis, are differentiated by their time of mating, which is genetically determined and requires interactions between the endogenous circadian clock and light intensity. The cryptochrome (cry) gene, a light-sensitive component of the circadian clock, was isolated in the two Bactrocera species. The putative amino acid sequence is identical in the two species. In the brain, in situ hybridization showed that cry is expressed in the lateral and dorsal regions of the central brain where PER immunostaining was also observed and in a peripheral cell cluster of the antennal lobes. Levels of cry mRNA were analyzed in whole head, brain, and antennae. In whole head, cry is abundantly and constantly expressed. However, in brain and antennae the transcript cycles in abundance, with higher levels during the day than at night, and cry transcripts are more abundant in the brain and antennae of B. neohumeralis than in that of B. tryoni. Strikingly, these results are duplicated in hybrid lines, generated by rare mating between B. tryoni and B. neohumeralis and then selected on the basis of mating time, suggesting a role for the cry gene in the mating isolation mechanism that differentiates the species.
The Cumulative Effects of Predictability on Synaptic Gain in the Auditory Processing Stream

Stimulus predictability can lead to substantial modulations of brain activity, such as shifts in sustained magnetic field amplitude, measured with magnetoencephalography (MEG). Here, we provide a mechanistic explanation of these effects using MEG data acquired from healthy human volunteers (N = 13, 7 female). In a source-level analysis of induced responses, we established the effects of orthogonal predictability manipulations of rapid tone-pip sequences (namely, sequence regularity and alphabet size) along the auditory processing stream. In auditory cortex, regular sequences with smaller alphabets induced greater gamma activity. Furthermore, sequence regularity shifted induced activity in frontal regions toward higher frequencies. To model these effects in terms of the underlying neurophysiology, we used dynamic causal modeling for cross-spectral density and estimated slow fluctuations in neural (postsynaptic) gain. Using the model-based parameters, we accurately explain the sensor-level sustained field amplitude, demonstrating that slow changes in synaptic efficacy, combined with sustained sensory input, can result in profound and sustained effects on neural responses to predictable sensory streams. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Brain activity can be strongly modulated by the predictability of stimuli it is currently processing. An example of such a modulation is a shift in sustained magnetic field amplitude, measured with magnetoencephalography. Here, we provide a mechanistic explanation of these effects. First, we establish the oscillatory neural correlates of independent predictability manipulations in hierarchically distinct areas of the auditory processing stream. Next, we use a biophysically realistic computational model to explain these effects in terms of the underlying neurophysiology. Finally, using the model-based parameters describing neural gain modulation, we can explain the previously unexplained effects observed at the sensor level. This demonstrates that slow modulations of synaptic gain can result in profound and sustained effects on neural activity.
Information Gain Feature Selection for Multi-Label Classification

In many important application domains, such as text categorization, biomolecular analysis, scene or video classification and medical diagnosis, instances are naturally associated with more than one class label, giving rise to multi-label classification problems. This fact has led, in recent years, to a substantial amount of research in multi-label classification. And, more specifically, many feature selection methods have been developed to allow the identification of relevant and informative features for multi-label classification. However, most methods proposed for this task rely on the transformation of the multi-label data set into a single-label one. Besides, there is no single work that carries out a comprehensive evaluation of the various multi-label classification techniques coupled with feature selection methods over data sets from different domains. In this work, we perform these experimental evaluations, and also propose an adaptation of the information gain feature selection technique to handle multi-label data directly.