Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient read-through of Tn9 and IS1 by RNA polymerase molecules that initiate at rRNA promoters

Transcription and translation are coupled in most Escherichia coli operons. As a consequence, ribosomes must be present on an mRNA molecule while transcription of the mRNA is in progress or else premature termination of transcription may result. This requirement is most clearly manifested when premature nonsense codons result in polarity in multicistronic operons. Polarity can also result from insertions of transposons and insertion sequences. However, since rRNA operons are not translated, some property of these operons must allow transcription to be uncoupled from translation. In this paper we demonstrate that transposon Tn9 and insertion sequence IS1 are nonpolar or incompletely polar in rRNA operons during normal growth. We also show that essentially all expression of rrn sequences distal to IS1 and Tn9 results from transcripts that originate at rRNA promoters. These results suggest either that rRNA operons possess some mechanism which reduces or prevents termination within rRNA operons or that Tn9 and IS1 can be very inefficient at blocking normal transcription. Insertions of Tn10 in rRNA operons are substantially but incompletely polar. We could not determine whether the residual downstream transcription observed results from promoters within Tn10 or from read-through of Tn10. We discuss the meaning of read-through of Tn9 and IS1 and the residual expression of genes downstream from Tn10 with regard to rRNA operon structure and previous experiments in which polarity of transposons or insertion sequences was observed in protein-encoding operons.
FHITness and cancer.

In early 1996, the Fragile Histidine Triad or FHIT gene (pronounced FIT) was cloned and shown to straddle the most fragile human chromosome site at chromosome band 3p14.2. The exceptionally large FHIT locus also encompasses a hereditary renal carcinoma associated chromosome translocation breakpoint and is very frequently altered by internal deletions in the most common human cancers. Germline alteration of one allele in familial cancer and deletions within the gene in sporadic cancers are hallmarks of tumor suppressor genes. Some of the DNA and RNA alterations exhibited by the FHIT gene in cancers showed features not previously encountered for known tumor suppressor genes, prompting a number of investigators to reject FHIT as a suppressor gene. However, evidence continues to accumulate, demonstrating that FHIT inactivation occurs in the majority of lung, gastric, cervical, and kidney carcinomas and that replacement of Fhit expression in such cancer cells suppresses their tumorigenicity.
Biokinetics of Embedded Surrogate Radiological Dispersal Device Material

Abstract—The terrorist use of a radiological dispersal device (RDD) has been described as “not if, but when” (Conklin and Liotta 2005). Exposures from such an event could occur by a number of routes including inhalation, wound contamination, or embedded fragments. Several of the radionuclides thought to be potential RDD components are metals or ceramic material. The use of such material would increase the potential for wounds from embedded fragments of radioactive material. To date, most research in this area has focused on inhalation exposures, while the consequence of embedded fragment exposure has not been investigated. This study modified a previously used rodent model in order to determine the biokinetics of intramuscularly implanted nonradioactive surrogate RDD material. Cobalt, iridium, or strontium titanate was embedded into the gastrocnemius muscle of Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were euthanized at 1, 3, or 6 mo post-implantation. Tissue metal analysis showed that iridium did not solubilize from the implanted pellet, while cobalt and strontium did so rapidly. Cobalt was found in all tissues analyzed, but it was localized mainly to kidney and liver as well as being excreted in the urine. Strontium was found in lung, liver, and spleen, as well as being deposited in bone. However, the greatest strontium concentrations were found in the popliteal lymph nodes, the lymph nodes responsible for draining the area of the gastrocnemius. These results indicate that, depending upon the material, a variety of treatment strategies will be needed when dealing with embedded fragment wounds from a radiological dispersal device event.
3-Speed Transmission Using Dual Motors and One-Way Clutches

The use of electric vehicles has begun to increase, and the ratio of electric vehicles will continually increase due to environmental regulations. The speed-torque characteristic of an electric motor is better than that of a combustion engine for vehicle driving due to the high torque in a low-speed range. However, the efficiency of the motor declines in the low-speed range; therefore, when an electric vehicle climbs a steep slope slowly, severe heat may be generated due to the high current in the low-efficiency range. In this regard, for driving at a high efficiency, electric vehicles also require mechanical multispeed transmissions, but a conventional mechanical multispeed transmission is bulky, heavy, and energy consuming. This paper suggests a 3-speed transmission using dual-electric motors and one-way clutches. The transmission has a structure simple enough to be used in an in-wheel drive unit, and it does not have actively moved clutches, resulting in high reliability and eliminating the need for energy to move the clutches during speed changes. The operational principle is explained, and a prototype and its experimental results are presented.
Segmentation of digitized mammograms using self-organizing maps in a breast cancer computer aided diagnosis system

The objective of this work is to develop a digitized mammogram feature extraction approach using Kohonen's self-organizing maps (SOM). Once developed, the SOM network can be used as the first processing stage in a breast cancer computer aided diagnosis system. Its role is to offer segmented data as input to a second stage dedicated to the diagnosis task, which is implemented via a multilayer perceptron trained by the backpropagation algorithm.
Design of low-power consumption ultrasonic open channel flow meter

The measurement principle of ultrasonic sensor in an open channel flow meter is introduced. A new low-power consumption ultrasonic flow meter, which is based on the MCU of MSP430, is designed for the flowrate measurement of open channels. The measurement characteristics of the Parshall flume are analyzed. The experimental data agree with the relationship between the flowrate and the liquid level in Parshall flume. In order to reduce the power consumption, the running time of CPU is minimized. The algorithm in the program is optimized to avoid floating-point calculation. The operating mode of MSP430 is set to be reasonable. Through the flow calibration experiment, the relevant flowrate measurement model is established. The experiments indicate that electric current is 100uA at working state and that is 10uA at sleeping state. The results show that the error of the instantaneous flow is less than 1.654% and the error of the accumulated flow is less than 1%.
End-To-End Communication Model based on DVB-S 2 ’ s Low-Density Parity-Check Coding

The low-density parity-check codes are one of the most promising coding schemes that allow high throu ghput, high data rate and good error correction like in the DVB-S2 standard that was the first standard in satellite communication using this coding. The paper presents the concept a nd bases of low-density parity-check codes and the design strat egies used. A simulation model of the end-to-end communication based on low-density parity-check coding is described. The model was designed by using the National instruments’ LabVIEW. Simulation results gained with this model show that our model is corresponding to the DVB-S2 standard. Keywords-DVB-S2, Digital Television, Low-Densitiy ParityCheck Codes, SPA algorithm, Simulation, LabVIEW
SMFS: Semantic multimedia filesystem for mobile multimedia devices

As the storage capacity of mobile devices increases rapidly, the number of multimedia files stored in each mobile device increases, too. The large number of multimedia files necessitates convenient semantic search interfaces in filesystem. In this work, we develop a novel semantic multimedia filesystem for mobile multimedia devices, SMFS, which is specifically designed for NAND flash memory-based storage devices. SMFS provides convenience to application developers by supporting semantic file search. SMFS outperforms other well-known attribute-rich filesystems and file search programs in terms of file and index creation time, while providing reasonable file search time.
Dynamics Modeling and Control of a Quadrotor with Swing Load

Nowadays, aerial robots or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have many applications in civilian and military fields. For example, of these applications is aerial monitoring, picking loads and moving them by different grippers. In this research, a quadrotor with a cable-suspended load with eight degrees of freedom is considered. The purpose is to control the position and attitude of the quadrotor on a desired trajectory in order to move the considered load with constant length of cable. So, the purpose of this research is proposing and designing an antiswing control algorithm for the suspended load. To this end, control and stabilization of the quadrotor are necessary for designing the antiswing controller. Furthermore, this paper is divided into two parts. In the first part, dynamics model is developed using Newton-Euler formulation, and obtained equations are verified in comparison with Lagrange approach. Consequently, a nonlinear control strategy based on dynamic model is used in order to control the position and attitude of the quadrotor. The performance of this proposed controller is evaluated by nonlinear simulations and, finally, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy for the quadrotor with suspended load in various maneuvers.
Phenotype, function, and in vivo migration and survival of allogeneic dendritic cell progenitors genetically engineered to express TGF-beta.

BACKGROUND Administration of donor bone marrow (BM)-derived dendritic cell (DC) progenitors (DCp) that are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+ but costimulatory molecule (CD40, CD80, CD86)-deficient can prolong mouse heart allograft survival This is associated with microchimerism and inhibition of antidonor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Genetic modification of these donor antigen-presenting cells to express an immunosuppressive molecule(s) may enhance their in vivo survival and potential tolerogenicity. METHODS The surface phenotype of B10(H-2b) DCp before and after gene transfer using replication-deficient adenoviral (Ad) vectors was determined by monoclonal antibody (mAb) staining and flow cytometry. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) production was quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Allostimulatory activity of the gene-transduced DCp was ascertained by mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) and CTL induction. To assess their in vivo migratory activity and survival, the transduced cells were injected subcutaneously into one hind footpad of C3H (H-2k) mice. Tissues (draining popliteal lymph nodes [LN], spleens, and thymi) were removed 1, 2, 7, and 14 days later and stained for donor MHC class II using anti-LA(b) mAb in an immunohistochemical procedure. The mean number of IAb+ cells per unit area was determined. RESULTS Transduction with a control Ad vector (Ad-LacZ) at 50 multiplicity of infection slightly increased CD40 and CD86 expression and up-regulated the poor allostimulatory activity of the DCp assessed by MLR and CTL responses. These effects on function were negated in Ad-TGF-beta1-transduced cells. After their injection into mouse footpads, the gene-transduced IAb+ cells were observed in maximal numbers in the popliteal LN at day 1 and in marginal zones and T-dependent areas of spleens (peak at day 7) but were rare in thymi. Transduction with Ad-LacZ reduced the numbers of IAb+ cells identified in both LN and spleens at all time points postinjection, suggesting that the vector alone affected DC life span in allogeneic recipients. TGF-beta1 transgene expression not only fully prevented the reduction in DC induced by Ad transduction alone, but also increased numbers and prolonged the survival of donor cells in the spleen, as shown by a two-to fivefold increase in IAb+ cells at days 2-14 compared with control (Ad-LacZ-transduced) DC. CONCLUSION BM-derived DCp can be transduced efficiently to express TGF-beta1 using an Ad vector. They exhibit very poor allostimulatory activity and similar migration characteristics in vivo to unmodified DCp. Survival of TGF-beta gene-transduced DC, however, is enhanced significantly compared with unmodified and (especially) control Ad-LacZ gene-transduced DC. Genetic engineering of donor DC to express the immunosuppressive molecule TGF-beta promotes their survival in allogeneic hosts and may potentiate their previously reported tolerogenicity.
Coevolution of Artificial Agents Using Evolutionary Computation in Bargaining Game

Analysis of bargaining game using evolutionary computation is essential issue in the field of game theory. This paper investigates the interaction and coevolutionary process among heterogeneous artificial agents using evolutionary computation (EC) in the bargaining game. In particular, the game performance with regard to payoff through the interaction and coevolution of agents is studied. We present three kinds of EC based agents (EC-agent) participating in the bargaining game: genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and differential evolution (DE). The agents' performance with regard to changing condition is compared. From the simulation results it is found that the PSO-agent is superior to the other agents.
Responses of dural mast cells in concussive and blast models of mild traumatic brain injury in mice: Potential implications for post-traumatic headache

Background Chronic post-traumatic headache (PTH) is one of the most common symptoms of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) but its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Inflammatory degranulation of dural mast cells (MCs) is thought to promote headache, and may play a role in PTH. Whether mTBI is associated with persistent degranulation of dural MCs is yet to be determined. Methods Histochemistry was used to evaluate time course changes in dural MC density and degranulation level in concussive head trauma and blast mouse models of mTBI. The effects of sumatriptan and the MC stabilizer cromolyn sodium on concussion-evoked dural MC degranulation were also investigated. Results Concussive head injury evoked persistent MC degranulation for at least 30 days. Blast trauma gave rise to a delayed MC degranulation response commencing at seven days that also persisted for at least 30 days. Neither sumatriptan nor cromolyn treatment reduced concussion-evoked persistent MC degranulation. Conclusions mTBI evoked by closed head injury or blast exposure is associated with persistent dural MC degranulation. Such a response in mTBI patients may contribute to PTH. Amelioration of PTH by sumatriptan may not involve inhibition of dural MC degranulation. If persistent dural MC degranulation contributes to PTH, then cromolyn treatment may not be effective.
The Isomorphic Development of Insurance

In insurance industry, difference companies come to share similar technological bases of process. They not only share the same financial knowledge, but also utilize similar actuarial techniques to design products and assess insurable risks. This paper proposed an approach to look at the phenomenon of isomorphism of technological development in insurance. The result of this research also found the technological isomorphism in insurance already occurs. The contribution of this paper is to introduce the social network analysis into patent citations to foresee the technological development.
Studies on microcapsules. III. Influence of molecular weight of polyisobutylene in the microencapsulation of ascorbic acid.

The effect of molecular weight (M^-) of polyisolbutylene (PIB), used as a coacervation-inducing agent in the preparation of ethylcellulose (EC) microcapsules (MC) in cyclohexane, was studied with ascorbic acid as the core material. PIBs of various M^- were obtained by the fractionation of commercially available PIB and microencapsulation was performed. It was found that aggregation of MC decreased with increasing M^- and was almost wholly prevented at M^- of above 6×105 and that the release rate of ascorbic acid became minimum at M^- of around 2×105. The effect of mixing of commercially available high M^-PIB (9.5×105) and low M^-PIB (3×104) on microencapsulation was also investigated. In this case the release rate became minimum at a mixing ratio of around 1 : 4 (high M^- : low M^-). With increase of low M^-PIB, average wall thickness and compactness increased and the wall became less uniform. Thus, it was presumed that the most prolonged MC was produced when the compactness, thickness and uniformity of the wall were well balanced. The influence of M^- of PIB on the coacervation process was also investigated by measuring the volume fraction, EC contents and viscosity of the coacervate phase. From these data, it was presumed that M^- of PIB affects the properties of the coacervation droplet, and consequently influences the properties of the wall formed from the droplet.
Strong specificity in the interaction between parasitoids and symbiont‐protected hosts

Coevolution between hosts and parasites may promote the maintenance of genetic variation in both antagonists by negative frequency‐dependence if the host–parasite interaction is genotype‐specific. Here we tested for specificity in the interaction between parasitoids (Lysiphlebus fabarum) and aphid hosts (Aphis fabae) that are protected by a heritable defensive endosymbiont, the γ‐proteobacterium Hamiltonella defensa. Previous studies reported a lack of genotype specificity between unprotected aphids and parasitoids, but suggested that symbiont‐conferred resistance might exhibit a higher degree of specificity. Indeed, in addition to ample variation in host resistance as well as parasitoid infectivity, we found a strong aphid clone‐by‐parasitoid line interaction on the rates of successful parasitism. This genotype specificity appears to be mediated by H. defensa, highlighting the important role that endosymbionts can play in host–parasite coevolution.
Clinical Research Centre Division of Psychiatry 1974–1977

The Clinical Research Centre was established by the Medical Research Council as a major focus for patient-orientated research and as the clinical counterpart of the National Institute for Medical Research at Mill Hill which for 40 years has been the Council's largest establishment for basic research. In cooperation with the Department of Health and Social Security the Council embarked upon the Northwick Park project in which the Clinical Research Centre is closely integrated with a district general hospital – Northwick Park Hospital – built at the same time, and designed to serve the population of the Harrow Health District. Across each of the major specialties the Clinical Research Centre has Divisions with varying degrees of involvement in patient care. While there are 600 (District) beds allocated to local District needs, there are further 200 (National) beds which, in principle, are available for investigating and treating patients from outside the District admitted for research purposes. In practice, the extent to which research takes place on patients admitted for special investigations and, on the other hand, on patients admitted from the District as part of the service commitment, varies widely with specialty. In psychiatry it is predominantly the case that patients under investigation have been admitted from the District.
Klasifikasi Support Vector Machine (SVM) Untuk Menentukan TingkatKemanisan Mangga Berdasarkan Fitur Warna

Dalam proses penentuan mutu atau tingkat kemanisan buah mangga cengkir di pasaran pada umumnya dilakukan dengan dengan dua cara yaitu menggunakan pakar-pakar untuk pemilihan / sortasi kemanisan mangga atau menggunakan metode destruktif dengan cara pengambilan sampel, uji coba kemanisan mangga tersebut seperti menggunakan Refractometer. Permasalahan yang terjadi pada kedua proses tersebut yaitu memiliki cost yang relative besar dan tidak menghasilkan mutu yang seragam karena sortasi tingkat kemanisan mangga oleh pakar bersifat subjektif dan kemungkinan terjadinya kesalahan pengamatan sangat. Support Vector Machine (SVM) diimplementasikan pada penelitian ini dan K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) sebagai metoda pembanding untuk klasifikasi citra warna buah mangga cengkir. Dalam penelitan ini perbandingan antara kedua metode tersebut dibandingkan dengan hasil output dari alat pengukur tingkat kemanisan yaitu refractometer sebanyak 24 objek pengujian dengan akurasi sebesar 83,3%. Sedangkan hasil yang diperoleh dari metode K-NN dengan k=7 adalah data valid 21 buah dari 24 buah, dan data tidak valid 3 buah dari 24 buah.
Resting bold fMRI differentiates dementia with Lewy bodies vs Alzheimer disease

Objective: Clinicopathologic phenotypes of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer disease (AD) often overlap, making discrimination difficult. We performed resting state blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) to determine whether there were differences between AD and DLB. Methods: Participants (n = 88) enrolled in a longitudinal study of memory and aging underwent 3-T fcMRI. Clinical diagnoses of probable DLB (n = 15) were made according to published criteria. Cognitively normal control participants (n = 38) were selected for the absence of cerebral amyloid burden as imaged with Pittsburgh compound B (PiB). Probable AD cases (n = 35) met published criteria and had appreciable amyloid deposits with PiB imaging. Functional images were collected using a gradient spin-echo sequence sensitive to BOLD contrast (T2* weighting). Correlation maps selected a seed region in the combined bilateral precuneus. Results: Participants with DLB had a functional connectivity pattern for the precuneus seed region that was distinct from AD; both the DLB and AD groups had functional connectivity patterns that differed from the cognitively normal group. In the DLB group, we found increased connectivity between the precuneus and regions in the dorsal attention network and the putamen. In contrast, we found decreased connectivity between the precuneus and other task-negative default regions and visual cortices. There was also a reversal of connectivity in the right hippocampus. Conclusions: Changes in functional connectivity in DLB indicate patterns of activation that are distinct from those seen in AD and may improve discrimination of DLB from AD and cognitively normal individuals. Since patterns of connectivity differ between AD and DLB groups, measurements of BOLD functional connectivity can shed further light on neuroanatomic connections that distinguish DLB from AD.
Application of Sequence Alignment Technique to Collaborative Recommendations in e-Commerce

With the rapid growth of e-commerce, there has been millions of products in a large ecommerce site where customer unable to effectively choose the products they are exposed to. To overcome the product overload problem, a variety of recommendation methods have been developed. Collaborative filtering (CF) is the most successful recommendation method. However, the CF method has two well-known limitations, sparsity and scalability, which can lead to poor recommendations. This paper proposes a new methodology, SAT-PT, to enhance the recommendation quality and the system performance of current CF-based recommender systems. SAT-PT is based on Web usage mining and product taxonomy. Several experiments shows that the proposed methodology provides higher quality recommendations and better performance than other CF methodologies.