Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Young people's risk of suicide attempts in relation to parental death: a population-based register study.

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to examine the association between the death of a biological parent and subsequent suicide attempts by young people (aged 10-22 years), and to explore sociodemographic factors as modifying factors in the process. METHODS The study used a nested case-control design. The full study population was obtained from the Danish longitudinal registers and included all individuals born between 1983 and 1989 (n = 403,431 individuals). The 3,465 registered suicide attempters from that group were matched with 75,300 population-based control subjects. Potentially confounding variables including age and gender were controlled for by conditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The findings indicated that young people who had lost one biological parent showed a significantly increased risk of attempting suicide (relative risk = 1.71, 95% confidence interval = 1.49-1.96). Losing the remaining parent nearly doubled the risk (relative risk = 2.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.48-5.06). CONCLUSION Experiencing the death of one or both biological parents increased the risk of suicide attempts in young people. Relative risk was moderated by high income of the father.
Reporting standards for inferior vena caval filter placement and patient follow-up: supplement for temporary and retrievable/optional filters.

THIS Standards document is intended as a Supplement to the Recommended Reporting Standards for Vena Cava Filter Placement and Patient Followup, published in 1999 (1). Since 1999, there has been increased interest in non-permanent vena cava filters, with both increased research and clinical use of these devices. Several such devices are now approved for use in Europe, Canada, and the United States. The previous Standards did address several issues related specifically to non-permanent filters: this document contains additional issues that have arisen in the interval. Although there is a large number of publications regarding vena cava filters, the literature is generally limited, with few good prospective studies, and even fewer randomized controlled trials (2). A randomized trial published in 1998 (3) demonstrated the “initial efficacy of filters for the prevention of pulmonary embolism. ” However, prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE) appeared to be shortlived, and was counterbalanced by an increased risk of recurrent deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) in the patients receiving filters (3). The data published in this trial, which was based on 2-year follow-up, resulted in increased interest in non-permanent filters. Of note, further follow-up data from the same trial showed continued filter protection against PE with no increase in post-thrombotic syndrome at 8 years (4).
Recombination within the myelin basic protein gene created the dysmyelinating shiverer mouse mutation.

Shiverer (shi) is an autosomal recessive mutation in the mouse characterized by an almost total lack of central nervous system myelin. While small amounts of other myelin components are present in the brain of the shi mouse, the four forms of myelin basic protein (MBP) are not detectable. Previous investigations by us and others indicate that the MBP gene has undergone a major rearrangement in the shi mutant. Herein, we report in detail the nature and extent of the rearrangement: a 20-kilobase region within the MBP gene is missing in the mutant. We map the 5' breakpoint of the deletion to the second intron and the 3' breakpoint to a site 2 kilobases beyond the last MBP exon. The junction of the upstream and downstream portions of the gene contains only one nucleotide not accounted for by the wild-type MBP gene sequence. The 3' side of the deletion occurs in the 3rd of 11 tandem repeats of a 31-base-pair sequence. This region is rich in alternating purine and pyrimidine stretches, sequences that have been associated with both Z-DNA structures and gene rearrangements. The recombination junction shares several features with the junctions characterized by Anderson et al. [Anderson, R. , Kato, S. & Camerini-Otero, D. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 206-210] in mouse L cells and is consistent with their model for a partially homologous recombination event. The structure of the shi recombination junction suggests that the donor DNA molecules were aligned in a partially homologous region before staggered cutting and joining occurred.
Making your R&D future proof: The roles of corporate foresight in innovation management

In the strategic management literature it is emphasized that in order to ensure long term survival and competitiveness, companies need to develop ambidextrous capabilities. Such capabilities should enable companies to develop both incremental innovation and radical innovation. In innovation management scholars and practitioners alike have engaged with great interest in understanding how large companies can develop radical innovation concluding that separate organizational structures and processes need to be put in place. In this article we explore how companies use corporate foresight to enhance their ability to develop both radical and incremental innovation. Using empirical evidence from 18 case studies in multinational enterprises and over 100 interviews, we identify three roles of corporate foresight systems for innovation management: The Initiator, the Strategist and the Opponent.
Exercise for Individuals with Lewy Body Dementia: A Systematic Review

Background Individuals with Lewy body Dementia (LBD), which encompasses both Parkinson disease dementia (PDD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) experience functional decline through Parkinsonism and sedentariness exacerbated by motor, psychiatric and cognitive symptoms. Exercise may improve functional outcomes in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the multi-domain nature of the LBD cluster of symptoms (physical, cognitive, psychiatric, autonomic) results in vulnerable individuals often being excluded from exercise studies evaluating physical function in PD or cognitive function in dementia to avoid confounding results. This review evaluated existing literature reporting the effects of exercise interventions or physical activity (PA) exposure on cluster symptoms in LBD. Methods A high-sensitivity search was executed across 19 databases. Full-length articles of any language and quality, published or unpublished, that analysed effects of isolated exercise/physical activity on indicative Dementia with Lewy Bodies or PD-dementia cohorts were evaluated for outcomes inclusive of physical, cognitive, psychiatric, physiological and quality of life measures. The protocol for this review (Reg. #: CRD42015019002) is accessible at http://www.crd. york.ac. uk/PROSPERO/. Results 111,485 articles were initially retrieved; 288 full articles were reviewed and 89.6% subsequently deemed ineligible due to exclusion of participants with co-existence of dementia and Parkinsonism. Five studies (1 uncontrolled trial, 1 randomized controlled trial and 3 case reports) evaluating 16 participants were included. Interventions were diverse and outcome homogeneity was low. Habitual gait speed outcomes were measured in 13 participants and increased (0.18m/s, 95% CI -0.02, 0.38m/s), exceeding moderate important change (0.14m/s) for PD cohorts. Other outcomes appeared to improve modestly in most participants. Discussion Scarce research investigating exercise in LBD exists. This review confirms exercise studies in PD and dementia consistently exclude LBD participants. Results in this cohort must be treated with caution until robustly designed, larger studies are commissioned to explore exercise efficacy, feasibility and clinical relevance.
Predictive Ability of the Stability and Workload Index for Transfer Score to Predict Unplanned Readmissions After ICU Discharge*

Objective:Unplanned readmission of hospitalized patients to an ICU is associated with an increased mortality and hospital length of stay. The ability to identify patients at risk, who would benefit from prolonged ICU treatment, is limited. The aim of this study is to validate a previously published numerical index named the Stability and Workload Index for Transfer in a heterogeneous group of ICU patients. Design:In this retrospective data analysis, the Stability and Workload Index for Transfer score was calculated for all patients, and the ability of the score to predict readmission was compared with the original publication. Setting:Four ICUs, one intermediate care unit, and one postanesthesia care unit of the department of anesthesia and intensive care of a university hospital. Patients:All consecutive patients treated in one of the units. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:Unplanned ICU readmissions or unexpected death within 7 days of ICU discharge. The data of 7,175 patients were included in the analysis. Five hundred ninety-six patients were readmitted or died within 7 days of discharge. The patients who are readmitted to the ICU are significantly older and have significantly higher scores that define the severity of disease at the time of admission and discharge of their first ICU stay. The source of admission for the initial ICU stay did not differ (p = 0.055), and the last Glasgow Coma Scale and the last PaO2/FIO2 ratio before discharge from the ICU were higher in patients who did not need a readmission to the ICU. The performance of the Stability and Workload Index for Transfer score is poor with an area under the receiver operator curve of 0.581 (95% CI, 0.556–0.605; p < 0.001). Conclusions:Based on the data from our patients, the proposed Stability and Workload Index for Transfer score by Gajic et al is not ideal in aiding the clinician in the decision, if a patient can be discharged safely from the ICU and further research is necessary to define the patients at risk for readmission.
Domain Recursion for Lifted Inference with Existential Quantifiers

In recent work, we proved that the domain recursion inference rule makes domain-lifted inference possible on several relational probability models (RPMs) for which the best known time complexity used to be exponential. We also identified two classes of RPMs for which inference becomes domain lifted when using domain recursion. These two classes subsume the largest lifted classes that were previously known. In this paper, we show that domain recursion can also be applied to models with existential quantifiers. Currently, all lifted inference algorithms assume that existential quantifiers have been removed in pre-processing by Skolemization. We show that besides introducing potentially inconvenient negative weights, Skolemization may increase the time complexity of inference. We give two example models where domain recursion can replace Skolemization, avoids the need for dealing with negative numbers, and reduces the time complexity of inference. These two examples may be interesting from three theoretical aspects: 1- they provide a better and deeper understanding of domain recursion and, in general, (lifted) inference, 2- they may serve as evidence that there are larger classes of models for which domain recursion can satisfyingly replace Skolemization, and 3- they may serve as evidence that better Skolemization techniques exist.
In vitro effects of plant essential oils on non-specific immune parameters of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus L.

Phytochemicals such as plant essential oils (EOs) have been reported to favour various activities in the innate immune system of fish. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the in vitro effect of three different plant EOs (Ocimum americanum, Cymbopogon flexuosus and Melaleuca alternifolia) on non-specific immune parameters and erythrocyte osmotic fragility of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Concentrations of each plant EO evaluated in preparations of head-kidney macrophages, blood leucocytes and blood plasma were as follows: 0.0 (control), 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 μg/ml. Red drum head-kidney macrophages significantly increased extracellular superoxide anion production when exposed (20 h) to O. americanum EO (1.0-8.0 μg/ml) and C. flexuosus EO (2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml). The respiratory burst of blood leucocytes (NBT test) significantly increased in all concentrations when compared to the respective control group, for all EOs. At the highest concentration (16.0 μg/ml), C. flexuosus EO significantly inhibited the haemolytic activity of complement system in red drum blood after 1 h exposure. None of the tested concentrations significantly altered plasma lysozyme activity or erythrocyte osmotic fragility after exposing (1 h) red drum whole blood to each EO. This study demonstrated that these plant EOs are capable of triggering superoxide anion production in red drum leucocytes (head-kidney macrophages and/or blood leucocytes). In vivo studies are warranted to address their potential as immunostimulants in the diet of red drum and other aquacultured species.
Identification of Strong Modifications in Cation Selectivity in an Arabidopsis Inward Rectifying Potassium Channel by Mutant Selection in Yeast (*)

The Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA, KAT1, encodes a hyperpolarization-activated K+ channel. In the present study, we utilized a combination of random site-directed mutagenesis, genetic screening in a potassium uptake-deficient yeast strain, and electrophysiological analysis in Xenopus oocytes to identify strong modifications in cation selectivity of the inward rectifying K+ channel KAT1. Threonine at position 256 was replaced by 11 other amino acid residues. Six of these mutated KAT1 cDNAs complemented a K+ uptake-deficient yeast strain at low concentrations of potassium. Among these, two mutants (T256D and T256G) showed a sensitivity of yeast growth toward high ammonium concentrations and a dramatic increase in current amplitudes of rubidium and ammonium ions relative to K+ by 39-72-fold. These single site mutations gave rise to Rb+- and NH4+-selective channels with Rb+ and NH4+ currents that were approximately 10-13-fold greater in amplitude than K+ currents, whereas the NH4+ to K+ current amplitude ratio of wild type KAT1 was 0.28. This strong conversion in cation specificity without loss of general selectivity exceeds those reported for other mutations in the pore domain of voltage-dependent K+ channels. Yeast growth was greatly impaired by sodium in two other mutants at this site (T256E and T256Q), which were blocked by millimolar sodium (K = 1.1 mM for T256E), although the wild type channel was not blocked by 110 mM sodium. Interestingly, the ability of yeast to grow in the presence of toxic cations correlated to biophysical properties of KAT1 mutants, illustrating the potential for qualitative K+ channel mutant selection in yeast. These data suggest that the size of the side chain of the amino acid at position 256 in KAT1 is important for enabling cation permeation and that this site plays a crucial role in determining the cation selectivity of hyperpolarization-activated potassium channels.
Perspectives on procedure-based assessments: a thematic analysis of semistructured interviews with 10 UK surgical trainees

Objectives The introduction of competency-based training has necessitated development and implementation of accompanying mechanisms for assessment. Procedure-based assessments (PBAs) are an example of workplace-based assessments that are used to examine focal competencies in the workplace. The primary objective was to understand surgical trainees' perspective on the value of PBA. Design Semistructured interviews with 10 surgical trainees individually interviewed to explore their views. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed; following this, they were open and axial coded. Thematic analysis was then performed. Results Semistructured interviews yielded several topical and recurring themes. In trainees' experience, the use of PBAs as a summative tool limits their educational value. Trainees reported a lack of support from seniors and variation in the usefulness of the tool based on stage of training. Concerns related to the validity of PBAs for evaluating trainees' performance with reports of ‘gaming’ the system and trainees completing their own assessments. Trainees did identify the significant value of PBAs when used correctly. Benefits included the identification of additional learning opportunities, standardisation of assessment and their role in providing a measure of progress. Conclusions The UK surgical trainees interviewed identified both limitations and benefits to PBAs; however, we would argue based on their responses and our experience that their use as a summative tool limits their formative use as an educational opportunity. PBAs should either be used exclusively to support learning or solely as a summative tool; if so, further work is needed to audit, validate and standardise them for this purpose.
Gender and Urban Activity Patterns in Uppsala, Sweden

G EOGRAPHERS, sociologists, planners, and other persons concerned with the quality of urban life have studied daily travel behavior and activity patterns of urban residents for more than a decade. The different ways in which persons use an urban environment have been studied as an indication of the level of the richness enjoyed, or deprivation endured, by members of various social groups.1 Contemporary urban space with activities allocated to different, discrete locations puts a premium on mobility. An approach toward understanding travel behavior is to identify a factor believed to be important in shaping observed spatial behavior and then to use this factor as the basis for comparison of group-travel patterns. Geographers have examined various aspects of group-travel behavior.2 Relatively little, however, has been done to assess the impact of social roles on travel behavior observed in an urban setting. The purpose of this article is to examine the ways in which gender-related roles affect daily travel-activity patterns of individuals. Here we compare the travel-activity patterns of men and women who are employed full-time. We focus on employed persons for a number of reasons. First, comparable employment status is necessary because work outside the home is a major constraint on the way in which individuals allocate time to various activities at different locations. Second, the number of women in the labor force has increased. The behavior patterns of employed women should be examined because the working woman is becoming more typical than the nonworking woman.3 Third, in the context of the current debate over whether or not traditional sex roles are eroded when women gain economic independence through employment, the influence of traditional sex roles on spatial behavior when both men and women share the same constraints from full-time employment outside the home needs to be analyzed.4
The InterPro Database and Tools for Protein Domain Analysis

InterPro provides a one‐stop shop for protein‐sequence classification, freeing the user from having to visit multiple databases separately and rationalize the different results in varying formats. This unit describes how to submit a sequence to InterProScan via a Web server. It also provides instructions for installing and running InterProScan locally. In addition, details on browsing InterPro families and domains of interest using the InterPro Web and sequence retrieval system (SRS) are provided to show users how to get the most from the resource. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 21:2.7. 1‐2.7. 18. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Recombinant chromosome 7 in a mosaic 45,X/47,XXX patient

Individuals with pericentric inversions are at risk for producing offspring with chromosomal gains and losses, while those carrying paracentric inversions usually produce unviable gametes [Madan, 1995 ]. In this current study, we present a newborn with dysmorphic features and malformations, whose karyotype showed an abnormal copy of chromomosome 7 described at first as add(7)(q32) as well as mos 45,X/47,XXX. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) revealed an interstitial deletion in the long arm of chromosome 7 involving bands q35 to q36.3 but retaining the 7q subtelomere. The patient's deletion is believed to be due to meiotic recombination in the inversion loop in the phenotypically normal father who seems to carry two paracentric inversions in the long arm of chromosome 7, which was described as rec(7)(7pter‐ > q35::q36.3‐ > 7qter)pat. The abnormal copy of chromosome 7 in the father has been described as: der(7)(7pter‐ > q22.1::q36.3‐ > q35::q22.1‐ > q35::q36.3‐ > 7qter). This is a unique karyotype that to our knowledge has not been previously reported in the literature and predisposes to meiotic recombination that can result in deletions or duplications of 7q35–36. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genome-Wide Computational Function Prediction of Arabidopsis Proteins by Integration of Multiple Data Sources1[C][W][OA]

Although Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is the best studied plant species, the biological role of one-third of its proteins is still unknown. We developed a probabilistic protein function prediction method that integrates information from sequences, protein-protein interactions, and gene expression. The method was applied to proteins from Arabidopsis. Evaluation of prediction performance showed that our method has improved performance compared with single source-based prediction approaches and two existing integration approaches. An innovative feature of our method is that it enables transfer of functional information between proteins that are not directly associated with each other. We provide novel function predictions for 5,807 proteins. Recent experimental studies confirmed several of the predictions. We highlight these in detail for proteins predicted to be involved in flowering and floral organ development.
Role of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase and cytochrome P450 pathways in the mechanism of natriuresis which follows hypertonic saline infusion in the rat.

AIM The prostaglandin cyclooxygenase (COX) and P450 cytochrome (CYP450) pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism are functionally interrelated and both engaged in control of sodium excretion; the study focused on their contribution to the natriuresis which follows hypertonic saline infusion in the rat. METHODS In anaesthetized rats, clearance studies were conducted, supplemented with laser-Doppler measurements of the cortical and medullary blood flow (CBF, MBF), and measurement of medullary tissue admittance (Y), an index of interstitial ion concentration. RESULTS Indomethacin (Indo), 5 mg kg(-1) i.v. paradoxically enhanced the natriuresis secondary to intra-aortic suprarenal 5% saline load, further increasing sodium excretion by 385 +/- 73% (P < 0.01). After acute clotrimazole, 10 mg kg(-1) i.v. an inhibitor of CYP450 epoxygenase, the increase in natriuresis was smaller and did not differ from that observed after the drug's ethanol solvent. In rats pre-treated with clotrimazole for 3 days, hypertonic saline loading increased sodium excretion (U(Na)V) to 0.94 +/- 0.22 micromol min(-1) , compared with a significantly greater (P < 0.05) increase to 2.76 +/- 0.48 micromol min(-1) measured in untreated controls. Indo increased U(Na)V twofold, similarly in the clotrimazole and in the control group; in the absence or presence of clotrimazole treatment, COX blockade significantly decreased MBF and increased Y. CONCLUSION The data indicate that blockade of the CYP450 epoxygenase significantly impairs excretion of sodium in rats acutely loaded with hypertonic NaCl solution. The paradoxical post-Indo natriuresis is preserved in clotrimazole treated rats, which speaks against the role of CYP450 pathway in the response.