Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inverse modeling of pan-Arctic methane emissions at high spatial resolution:what can we learn from assimilating satellite retrievals and using differentprocess-based wetland and lake biogeochemical models?

Abstract. Understanding methane emissions from the Arctic, a fast-warming carbon reservoir, is important for projecting future changes in the global methane cycle. Here we optimized methane emissions from north of 60° N (pan-Arctic) regions using a nested-grid high-resolution inverse model that assimilates both high-precision surface measurements and column-average SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartogrphY (SCIAMACHY) satellite retrievals of methane mole fraction. For the first time, methane emissions from lakes were integrated into an atmospheric transport and inversion estimate, together with prior wetland emissions estimated with six biogeochemical models. In our estimates, in 2005, global methane emissions were in the range of 496.4–511.5 Tg yr−1, and pan-Arctic methane emissions were in the range of 11.9–28.5 Tg yr−1. Methane emissions from pan-Arctic wetlands and lakes were 5.5–14.2 and 2.4–14.2 Tg yr−1, respectively. Methane emissions from Siberian wetlands and lakes are the largest and also have the largest uncertainty. Our results indicate that the uncertainty introduced by different wetland models could be much larger than the uncertainty of each inversion. We also show that assimilating satellite retrievals can reduce the uncertainty of the nested-grid inversions. The significance of lake emissions cannot be identified across the pan-Arctic by high-resolution inversions, but it is possible to identify high lake emissions from some specific regions. In contrast to global inversions, high-resolution nested-grid inversions perform better in estimating near-surface methane concentrations.
Unsupervised definition of the tibia-femoral joint regions of the human knee and its applications to cartilage analysis

Abnormal MR findings including cartilage defects, cartilage denuded areas, osteophytes, and bone marrow edema (BME) are used in staging and evaluating the degree of osteoarthritis (OA) in the knee. The locations of the abnormal findings have been correlated to the degree of pain and stiffness of the joint in the same location. The definition of the anatomic region in MR images is not always an objective task, due to the lack of clear anatomical features. This uncertainty causes variance in the location of the abnormality between readers and time points. Therefore, it is important to have a reproducible system to define the anatomic regions. This works present a computerized approach to define the different anatomic knee regions. The approach is based on an algorithm that uses unique features of the femur and its spatial relation in the extended knee. The femur features are found from three dimensional segmentation maps of the knee. From the segmentation maps, the algorithm automatically divides the femur cartilage into five anatomic regions: trochlea, medial weight bearing area, lateral weight bearing area, posterior medial femoral condyle, and posterior lateral femoral condyle. Furthermore, the algorithm automatically labels the medial and lateral tibia cartilage. The unsupervised definition of the knee regions allows a reproducible way to evaluate regional OA changes. This works will present the application of this automated algorithm for the regional analysis of the cartilage tissue.
Influence of defect thickness on the angular dependence of coercivity in rare-earth permanent magnets

The coercive field and angular dependence of the coercive field of single-grain Nd2Fe14B permanent magnets are computed using finite element micromagnetics. It is shown that the thickness of surface defects plays a critical role in determining the reversal process. For small defect thicknesses reversal is heavily driven by nucleation, whereas with increasing defect thickness domain wall de-pinning becomes more important. This change results in an observable shift between two well-known behavioral models. A similar trend is observed in experimental measurements of bulk samples, where an Nd-Cu infiltration process has been used to enhance coercivity by modifying the grain boundaries. When account is taken of the imperfect grain alignment of real magnets, the single-grain computed results appears to closely match experimental behaviour.
Biodiversity of the Great Barrier Reef—how adequately is it protected?

Background The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is the world’s most iconic coral reef ecosystem, recognised internationally as a World Heritage Area of outstanding significance. Safeguarding the biodiversity of this universally important reef is a core legislative objective; however, ongoing cumulative impacts including widespread coral bleaching and other detrimental impacts have heightened conservation concerns for the future of the GBR. Methods Here we review the literature to report on processes threatening species on the GBR, the status of marine biodiversity, and evaluate the extent of species-level monitoring and reporting. We assess how many species are listed as threatened at a global scale and explore whether these same species are protected under national threatened species legislation. We conclude this review by providing future directions for protecting potentially endangered elements of biodiversity within the GBR. Results Most of the threats identified to be harming the diversity of marine life on the GBR over the last two–three decades remain to be effectively addressed and many are worsening. The inherent resilience of this globally significant coral reef ecosystem has been seriously compromised and various elements of the biological diversity for which it is renowned may be at risk of silent extinction. We show at least 136 of the 12,000+ animal species known to occur on the GBR (approximately 20% of the 700 species assessed by the IUCN) occur in elevated categories of threat (Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable) at a global scale. Despite the wider background level of threat for these 136 species, only 23 of them are listed as threatened under regional or national legislation. Discussion To adequately protect the biodiversity values of the GBR, it may be necessary to conduct further targeted species-level monitoring and reporting to complement ecosystem management approaches. Conducting a vigorous value of information analysis would provide the opportunity to evaluate what new and targeted information is necessary to support dynamic management and to safeguard both species and the ecosystem as a whole. Such an analysis would help decision-makers determine if further comprehensive biodiversity surveys are needed, especially for those species recognised to be facing elevated background levels of threat. If further monitoring is undertaken, it will be important to ensure it aligns with and informs the GBRMPA Outlook five-year reporting schedule. The potential also exists to incorporate new environmental DNA technologies into routine monitoring to deliver high-resolution species data and identify indicator species that are cursors of specific disturbances. Unless more targeted action is taken to safeguard biodiversity, we may fail to pass onto future generations many of the values that comprise what is universally regarded as the world’s most iconic coral reef ecosystem.
Edge aggregation based Bayesian modeling of cyber attacks in hypervisor-enabled IaaS cloud networks

The Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offering of cloud computing has come to alleviate some of the challenges associated with infrastructural investments and other related costs for enterprise users. However, hypervisor networks in IaaS environments are not immune to security breaches as the components therein tend to exhibit vulnerabilities which are exploited by attackers. Attackers chain together these vulnerabilities for effective attack path traversal in a given attack. The challenge has not been in identifying the vulnerable components but in capturing the dependencies amongst the vulnerabilities and statistically evaluating the effect exerted by one vulnerability unto another. In this paper, we capture the dependencies between vulnerabilities in hypervisor networks by aggregating incoming attack edges via disjunction and conjunction of attack events in the resultant Bayesian attack network. We illustrate the use of local conditional probabilities distributions at a given node to evaluate the likelihood of node exploitation for attack propagation under varying conditions. We further identify critical nodes and edges without which a given attack will not materialize and show how a security analyst can use such in the security mitigation process. We model the security status of the target node using a finite state machine where state transitions are induced by attack instances in the aggregated critical edge.
SenSALDO: Creating a Sentiment Lexicon for Swedish

The natural language processing subﬁeld known as sentiment analysis or opinion mining has seen an explosive expansion over the last decade or so, and sentiment analysis has become a standard item in the NLP toolbox. Still, many theoretical and methodological questions remain unanswered and resource gaps unﬁlled. Most work on automated sentiment analysis has been done on English and a few other languages; for most written languages of the world, this tool is not available. This paper describes the development of an extensive sentiment lexicon for written (standard) Swedish. We investigate different methods for developing a sentiment lexicon for Swedish. We use an existing gold standard dataset for training and testing. For each word sense from the SALDO Swedish lexicon, we assign a real value sentiment score in the range [-1,1] and produce a sentiment label. We implement and evaluate three methods: a graph-based method that iterates over the SALDO structure, a method based on random paths over the SALDO structure and a corpus-driven method based on word embeddings. The resulting sense-disambiguated sentiment lexicon (SenSALDO) is an open source resource and freely available from Språkbanken, The Swedish Language Bank at the University of Gothenburg.
Physical properties of outflows Comparing CO- and H2O-based parameters in Class 0 sources

Context. The observed physical properties of outflows from low-mass sources put constraints on possible ejection mechanisms. Historically, these quantities have been derived from CO using ground-based observations. It is, therefore, important to investigate whether parameters such as momentum rate (thrust) and mechanical luminosity (power) are the same when different molecular tracers are used. Aims. Our objective is to determine the outflow momentum, dynamical time-scale, thrust, energy, and power using CO and H2 Oa s tracers of outflow activity. Methods. Within the framework of the Water In Star-forming regions with Herschel (WISH) key program, three molecular outflows from Class 0 sources have been mapped using the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared (HIFI) instrument aboard Herschel . W e used these observations together with previously published H2 data to infer the physical properties of the outflows. We compared the physical properties derived here with previous estimates based on CO observations. Results. Inspection of the spatial distribution of H2 Oa nd H 2 confirms that these molecules are co-spatial. The most prominent emission peaks in H2 coincide with strong H2O emission peaks and the estimated widths of the flows when using the two tracers are comparable. Conclusions. For the momentum rate and the mechanical luminosity, inferred values are not dependent on which tracer is used, i.e. the values agree to within a factor of 4 and 3, respectively.
Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth in Nigeria

This article aims at determining the impact of various components of fiscal policy on the Nigerian economy. We simply used descriptive statistics to show contribution of government fiscal policy to economic growth, and to ascertain and explain growth rates, and an ordinary least square (OLS) in a multiple form to ascertain the relationship between economic growth and government expenditure components after ensuring data stationarity. Findings revealed that total government expenditures have tended to increase with government revenue, with expenditures peaking faster than revenue. Investment expenditures were much lower than recurrent expenditures evidencing the poor growth in the country’s economy. Hence, there is some evidence of positive correlation between government expenditure on economic services and economic growth. Therefore, in public spending, it is important to note that the effectiveness of the private sector depends on the stability and predictability of the public incentive framework, which promotes or crowds out private investment.
Automatic Identification of Research Fields in Scientific Papers

The TERRE-ISTEX project aims to identify scientific research dealing with specific geographical territories areas based on heterogeneous digital content available in scientific papers. The project is divided into three main work packages: (1) identification of the periods and places of empirical studies, and which reflect the publications resulting from the analyzed text samples, (2) identification of the themes which appear in these documents, and (3) development of a web-based geographical information retrieval tool (GIR). The first two actions combine Natural Language Processing patterns with text mining methods. The integration of the spatial, thematic and temporal dimensions in a GIR contributes to a better understanding of what kind of research has been carried out, of its topics and its geographical and historical coverage. Another originality of the TERRE-ISTEX project is the heterogeneous character of the corpus, including PhD theses and scientific articles from the ISTEX digital libraries and the CIRAD research center.
Advancing the health of women and newborns: predictors of patient satisfaction among women attending antenatal and maternity care in rural Rwanda

Objective Identify predictors of patient satisfaction with antenatal care (ANC) and maternity services in rural Rwanda. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Twenty-six health facilities in Southern Kayonza (SK) and Kirehe districts. Participants Sample of women ≥ 16 years old receiving antenatal and delivery care between November and December 2013. Intervention Survey of patient satisfaction with antenatal and delivery care to inform quality improvement (QI) initiatives aimed at reducing neonatal mortality. Main Outcome Measure Overall satisfaction with antenatal and delivery care (reported as excellent or very good). Results In multivariate logistic regression analysis, high perceived quality [odds ratio (OR) = 3.03, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.565. 88], respect [OR = 4.13, 95% CI: 2.16-7.89], and confidentiality [SK: OR = 7.50, 95% CI: 2.16-26.01], [Kirehe: OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.60-3.94] were associated with higher overall satisfaction with ANC, while having ≥1 child compared to none [OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.25-0.84] was associated with lower satisfaction. For maternity services, <5 years of school versus ≥5 years [OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.026-0.69] and higher cleanliness [OR = 19.23, 95% CI: 2.22-166.83], self-reported quality [OR = 10.52, 95% CI: 1.81-61.22], communication [OR = 8.78, 95%CI: 1.95-39.59], and confidentiality [OR = 8.66, 95% CI: 1.20-62.64] were all positively associated with high satisfaction. Higher comfort [OR: 0.050, 95% CI: 0.0034-0.71] and Kirehe vs. SK district [OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.042-1.01] were associated with lower satisfaction. Conclusions Patient-centeredness (including interpersonal relationships), organizational factors, and location are important individual determinants of satisfaction for women seeking maternal care at study facilities. Understanding variation in these factors should inform QI efforts in maternal and newborn health programs.
Cooperative relay MAC protocol for ad hoc networks

Based on the characteristic of supporting physical layer multiple rates in IEEE 802.11 standard, in this paper, we propose a Relay based Media Access Control (Relay-MAC) protocol. The key idea of Relay-MAC is using the high rate nodes to assist the low rate nodes in transmission by relay forwarding. According to Relay-MAC, each node in the network monitors the ongoing transmission of control frames, and obtains the channel quality between the source and the destination, then distributed decides whether to be a relay in the cooperative transmission. We make a detailed introduction of the frame format, the relay selection criterion, and the work process of the Relay-MAC. We also analyzed the spatial multiplexing problem presented in scenario with relay node. Finally, we compare the performance of the proposed Relay-MAC with the adaptive rate scheme, and demonstrate its efficiency in terms of network throughput and transmission delay.
Text Mining for History: first steps on building a large dataset

This paper presents the initial efforts towards the creation of a new corpus on the history domain. Motivated by the historians’ need to interrogate a vast material in a non-linear way, our approach privileges deep linguistic analysis on an encyclopedic-style data. In this context, the work presented here focuses on the preparation of the corpus, which is prior to the mining activity: the morphosyntactic annotation and the deﬁnition of semantic types for entities and relations relevant to the History domain. Taking advantage of the semantic nature of appositive constructions, we manually analyzed a sample of eleven hundred sentences in order to verify its potential as additional semantic clues to be considered. The results show that we are on the right track.
Division of parental leave and perceived parenting stress among mothers and fathers

Abstract Objective: To explore associations between division of parental leave and perceived parenting stress in mothers and fathers of infants. Background: In Sweden, both parents have the same right to parental leave, and fathers use about a quarter of the total 480 benefit days. Little is known about the parents’ psychological well-being in terms of stress arising from the parenting role and its association with equal or unequal division of parental leave. Methods: 280 parents completed the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) at 6 months and 18 months after childbirth. Results: Fathers who shared parental leave equally were less affected by perceived parenting stress than those who shared unequally (adjusted B –0.20; 95% CI –0.33 to –0.06). No such association was found among mothers. Conclusion: Parents’ choices regarding parental leave division were associated with perceived parenting stress among fathers, but not among mothers. Unequal division of leave contributed to parenting stress in fathers.
Reduction of Self-injury and Improvement of Coping Behavior during Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) of Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder

The development of self-injury and coping was studied during dialectical behavior therapy of patients with a borderline personality disorder. Coping strategies and self-injury behaviors of 19 patients were assessed at pre-treatment, after six months of treatment, and at post-treatment. Apart from correlational analyses, Reliable Changes Indices (RCIs) were used to correct for the effects of chance, measurement error, and practice and to ensure that possible changes can be attributed to the effect of DBT, i.e., that a statistically significant change had occurred in the use of coping strategies and self-injury behaviors during DBT. At baseline, passive coping was used more frequently than active coping and little support was found for a relation between self-injury and coping. After treatment completion, fewer patients resorted to self-injury and passive coping and more active coping was used. Some indication was found for more changes in coping and self-injury in the first half year than in the second half year of treatment. Clinical implications are discussed.
Trends for Optimal Management of Acute Stroke Patients in 2017

Stroke still remains the most common cause of disability worldwide and is responsible for the third largest number of deaths [1-3]. Proven therapies for stroke are listed in table 1. IV administration of Tissue Plasminogen Activator (rt-PA) [4] and endovascular thrombecto my [6-8] revolutionized the management. However, due to the short therapeutic window for therapies,early recognition of stroke and urgent transfer to a specialized stroke unit [9] is of paramount importance in order to salvage ischemic brain tissue: “Time is Brain”[11, 12]. The first step is to evocate stroke.
ASMIM: Augmented Reality Authoring System for Mobile Interactive Manuals

In this paper, we introduce a practical system which uses mobile devices for interactive manuals. In particular, there are two modes provided in the system, namely, expert/trainer and trainee modes. Given the expert/trainer editor, experts design the step-by-step interactive manuals. For each step, the experts capture the images by using phones/tablets and provide visual instructions such as interest regions, text, and action animations. Here, we integrate the region of interest selection into the creation of markers from the input images. In the trainee mode, the system utilizes the existing object detection and tracking algorithms to identify the step scene and retrieve the respective instruction to be displayed on the mobile device. The trainee then follows the displayed instruction. Once each step is performed, the trainee commands the devices to proceed to the next step. Evaluational results demonstrate that our system is highly preferred by end users.
K-THEORY, BOTT PERIODICITY, AND ELLIPTIC OPERATORS

We give the background for and a proof of the Bott periodicity theorem. Our paper develops a foundation of topological K-theory and offers a summary of Michael Atiyah’s 1967 proof of the complex case and the real equivariant case of Bott periodicity, found in the paper “Bott Periodicity and the Index of Elliptic Operators” [1]. Motivation is given for steps Atiyah’s proof, but many details are skipped in favor of offering an understandable overview.
Comparison of the Effects of Ezetimibe-Statin Combination Therapy on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with and without Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis

Background Ezetimibe-statin combination therapy has been found to reduce low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in large trials. We sought to examine the differential effect of ezetimibe on MACEs when added to statins according to the presence of diabetes. Methods Randomized clinical trials with a sample size of at least 50 participants and at least 24 weeks of follow-up that compared ezetimibe-statin combination therapy with a statin- or placebo-controlled arm and reported at least one MACE, stratified by diabetes status, were included in the meta-analysis and meta-regression. Results A total of seven trials with 28,191 enrolled patients (mean age, 63.6 years; 75.1% men; 7,298 with diabetes [25.9%]; mean follow-up, 5 years) were analysed. MACEs stratified by diabetes were obtained from the published data (two trials) or through direct contact (five trials). No significant heterogeneity was observed among studies (I2=14.7%, P=0.293). Ezetimibe was associated with a greater reduction of MACE risk in subjects with diabetes than in those without diabetes (pooled relative risk, 0.84 vs. 0.93; Pheterogeneity=0.012). In the meta-regression analysis, the presence of diabetes was associated with a greater reduction of MACE risk when ezetimibe was added to statins (β=0.87, P=0.038). Conclusion Ezetimibe-statin combination therapy was associated with greater cardiovascular benefits in patients with diabetes than in those without diabetes. Our findings suggest that ezetimibe-statin combination therapy might be a useful strategy in patients with diabetes at a residual risk of MACEs.