Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematics and Proof Presentation in Pcoq

We present PCOQ , a user-interface for the Coq system which provides elaborate mathematical formulas lay-out.We first show how the organization of thegraphic- al user-interface around structured data makes it possible to obtain this. In particular, we insist on the three-level extension mechanisms that supports the customiation of the layout for specific applications. In the next section, we describe the data-structure that is used in the logical engine to record proofs-in-the-making and we show this data-structure can be used as a basis to produce text in a restricted subset of natural language. Here, the natural text is still obtained by a layout strategy over a structured piece of data, and we show that interactive manipulation over this piece of data is still possible, thus providing ameans of developing proof, while looking directly at text being produced. We conclude by describin- g all the new questions that this experiment raises with respect to proof explanation and its integration in proof development environments.
Inferring Contextual User Profiles - Improving Recommender Performance

In this paper we present the concept of inferred contextual user proles (CUPs) which extends the traditional user prole denition by describing the user in a given situation, or context. The approach is evaluated in the scope of movie recommendation. In our evaluation, we infer two CUPs for each user, and use only one of the proles, instead of the full user prole for recommending movies. We evaluate the model on a data snapshot from the Moviepilot movie recommendation website, with results showing a substantial improvement in terms of precision, recall and mean average precision.
Energy-efficient joint beamforming and antenna selection for multicast systems

The problem of energy-efficient joint beamforming and antenna selection for multicast systems is consider in this paper. Under the performance objective of maximizing the number of bits per joule of energy consumed, beamformer design, optimal transmit power and antenna selection is discussed respectively. The beamforming problem is converted to an equivalent form of the max-min problem and we propose a suboptimal solution with low complexity whose validity is verified by the numerical results. The existence and uniqueness of the optimal transmit power is proved. Then, a simple antenna selection scheme is presented. In the end, we combine the above algorithms into a joint beamforming and antenna selection algorithm. Simulation results show the performance gain of the proposed scheme. A great deal of energy can be saved at the expense of acceptable throughput loss especially with low number of users or short distance. In addition, antenna selection is necessary for energy-efficient design in multi-antenna systems through the performance comparison.
Mechanisms of Resistance to Quinupristin-Dalfopristin among Isolates of Enterococcus faecium from Animals, Raw Meat, and Hospital Patients in Western Europe

ABSTRACT Twenty-eight quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant isolates ofEnterococcus faecium from hospital patients and nonhuman sources in European countries were studied. High-level resistance (MICs, ≥32 μg/ml) was associated with the presence ofvat(E) (satG) (14 isolates [50%]) orvat(D) (satA) (6 isolates [21%]). These genes were not detected in eight (29%) isolates with lower levels of quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance (MICs, 4 to 16 μg/ml). This suggests the presence of further mechanisms of resistance to quinupristin-dalfopristin in E. faecium.
Improved Transformerless Inverter With Common-Mode Leakage Current Elimination for a Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Power System

To eliminate the common-mode leakage current in the transformerless photovoltaic grid-connected system, an improved single-phase inverter topology is presented. The improved transformerless inverter can sustain the same low input voltage as the full-bridge inverter and guarantee to completely meet the condition of eliminating common-mode leakage current. Both the unipolar sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (SPWM) as well as the double-frequency SPWM control strategy can be applied to implement the three-level output in the presented inverter. The high efficiency and convenient thermal design are achieved thanks to the decoupling of two additional switches connected to the dc side. Moreover, the higher frequency and lower current ripples are obtained by adopting the double-frequency SPWM, and thus the total harmonic distortion of the grid-connected current are reduced greatly. Furthermore, the influence of the phase shift between the output voltage and current, and the influence of the junction capacitances of the power switches are analyzed in detail. Finally, a 1-kW prototype has been simulated and tested to verify the theoretical analysis of this paper.
Combining Academics and Social Engagement: A Major-Specific Early Alert Method to Counter Student Attrition in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

Students are most likely to leave science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors during their first year of college. We developed an analytic approach using random forests to identify at-risk students. This method is deployable midway through the first semester and accounts for academic preparation, early engagement in university life, and performance on midterm exams. By accounting for cognitive and noncognitive factors, our method achieves stronger predictive performance than would be possible using cognitive or noncognitive factors alone. We show that it is more difficult to predict whether students will leave STEM than whether they will leave the institution. More factors contribute to STEM retention than to institutional retention. Early academic performance is the strongest predictor of STEM and institution retention. Social engagement is more predictive of institutional retention, while standardized test scores, goals, and interests are stronger predictors of STEM retention. Our approach assists universities to efficiently identify at-risk students and boost STEM retention.
Characterization of clinically identified mutations in NDUFV1, the flavin-binding subunit of respiratory complex I, using a yeast model system

Dysfunctions in mitochondrial complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) are both genetically and clinically highly diverse and a major cause of human mitochondrial diseases. The genetic determinants of individual clinical cases are increasingly being described, but how these genetic defects affect complex I on the molecular and cellular level, and have different clinical consequences in different individuals, is little understood. Furthermore, without molecular-level information innocent genetic variants may be misassigned as pathogenic. Here, we have used a yeast model system (Yarrowia lipolytica) to study the molecular consequences of 16 single amino acid substitutions, classified as pathogenic, in the NDUFV1 subunit of complex I. NDUFV1 binds the flavin cofactor that oxidizes NADH and is the site of complex I-mediated reactive oxygen species production. Seven mutations caused loss of complex I expression, suggesting they are detrimental but precluding further study. In two variants complex I was fully assembled but did not contain any flavin, and four mutations led to functionally compromised enzymes. Our study provides a molecular rationale for assignment of all these variants as pathogenic. However, three variants provided complex I that was functionally equivalent to the wild-type enzyme, challenging their assignment as pathogenic. By combining structural, bioinformatic and functional data, a simple scoring system for the initial evaluation of future NDUFV1 variants is proposed. Overall, our results broaden understanding of how mutations in this centrally important core subunit of complex I affect its function and provide a basis for understanding the role of NDUFV1 mutations in mitochondrial dysfunction.
Decreased Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling, Interferon-Signature, and Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Gene Expression in Cord Blood of Term Low Birth Weight Human Newborns

Background Morbidity and mortality rates of low birth weight (LBW) newborns at term are higher than rates in normal birth weight (NBW) newborns. LBW newborns are at greater risk to acquire recurrent bacterial and viral infections during their first few weeks of life possibly as an outcome of compromised innate immune functions. As adaptive immunity is in a naive state, increased risk of infection of LBW as compared to NBW newborns may reflect impairments in innate immunity. Methodology To characterize the increased susceptibility to infections in LBW newborns we used microarray technology to identify differences in gene expression in LBW newborns (n = 8) compared to NBW newborns (n = 4) using cord blood. The results obtained from the microarray study were validated on a larger number of samples using real time RT-PCR (LBW = 22, NBW = 18) and western blotting (LBW = 12, NBW = 12). The Interferome database was used to identify interferon (IFN) signature genes and ingenuity pathway analysis identified canonical pathways and biological functions associated with the differentially expressed genes in LBW newborns. ELISAs for IFNs and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein were performed in both LBW and NBW newborns and in adults (LBW = 18, NBW = 18, Adults = 8). Principal Findings Upon microarray analysis, we identified 1,391 differentially expressed genes, of which, 1,065 genes were down-regulated and 326 genes were up-regulated in the LBW compared to NBW newborns. Of note, 70 IFN-signature genes were found to be significantly down-regulated in LBW compared to NBW newborns. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed pattern recognition receptors signaling including Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) -1, -5, and -8 genes and IFN signaling as the most significantly impacted pathways. Respiratory infectious diseases were the most significantly affected bio-functions in LBW newborns. Conclusion and Significance Diminished PRRs, IFN-signature, and BPI gene expression raises the possibility that impairments in these pathways contribute to the susceptibility of LBW term infants to infection.
Foreign Direct Investment and Structural Reforms : Panel Evidence from Eastern Europe and Latin America *

This paper investigates the role of structural reforms -financial reforms, trade liberalization, and privatizationas determinants of FDI inflows based on newly constructed dataset on structural reforms for 19 Latin American and 25 Eastern European countries between 1989 and 2004. Our main finding is a strong empirical relationship from reforms to FDI, in particular, from financial liberalization and privatization. These results are robust to different measures of reforms, split samples, and potential endogeneity and omitted variables biases. JEL Classification Numbers: F21, O16, C33, P27
Applying the triangulation approach in IT – business strategic alignment and sustainable competitive advantage

While researchers have encouraged more research on the causal chains between information technology investments and Business performance, the results of empirical studies have been inconclusive. This is partly due to the exclusion of IT-business strategic alignment. This study has examined the impact of IT-business strategic alignment antecedents in terms of leadership, structure and process, service quality, and value and belief on IT business strategic alignment in terms of alignment gap, followed by the impact of IT-business strategic alignment on sustainable competitive advantage. In order to explore the above research relationships, the study further utilizes the positivism paradigm by applying a mixed research method both quantitative and qualitative data. Such triangulation would help to provide more insight into the issues studied in this research. Particularly, this study has tested the research model by conducting 172 survey questionnaires with public shareholding firms in Jordan. After that, the study conducted several follow-up interviews in Jordan in order to further validate the research results. Thus, the results obtained from the structural equation modeling (SEM technique and supplementary qualitative analysis of the interviews offer a valuable insight into the research. However, the universal applicability of this research may be limited due to the fact that the results are based only on the cross-sectional data from the Jordanian public shareholding firms. Consequently, further research is needed with regards to several countries since this would help to advance understanding of the IT-business strategic alignment issue and the conditions and outcomes of achieving it in different contexts.
Exploring human mobility with multi-source data at extremely large metropolitan scales

Expanding our knowledge about human mobility is essential for building efficient wireless protocols and mobile applications. Previous human mobility studies have typically been built upon empirical single-source data (e.g., cellphone or transit data), which inevitably introduces a bias against residents not contributing this type of data, e.g., call detail records cannot be obtained from the residents without cellphone activities, and transit data cannot cover the residents who walk or ride private vehicles. To address this issue, we propose and implement a novel architecture mPat to explore human mobility using multi-source data. A reference implementation of mPat was developed at an unprecedented scale upon the urban infrastructures of Shenzhen, China. The novelty and uniqueness of mPat lie in its three layers: (i) a data feed layer consisting of real-time data feeds from 24 thousand vehicles, 16 million smart cards and 10 million cellphones; (ii) a mobility abstraction layer exploring the correlation and divergence among the multi-source data to analyze and infer human mobility; and (iii) an application layer to improve urban efficiency based on the human mobility findings of the study. The evaluation shows that mPat achieves a 75% inference accuracy, and that its real-world application reduces passenger travel time by 36%.
Successful Opioid Monotherapy in Migralepsy: A Case Series

Abstract Background: There is a consensus that migraine and epilepsy are comorbid conditions. The novel concept explored and developed in this case series is that of the primacy of headaches in generating seizures in those patients suffering from migraine-triggered epilepsy (i.e., migralepsy). As demonstrated in the five cases descried here, much like the effect of ketogenic-diet on migraine-triggered epilepsy, once the migraine headaches were completely suppressed after adopting daily scheduled opioid therapy the seizures stopped from occurring, but they returned with the recurrence of the migraines once the patients had stopped their daily opiate regimen for any reason. Clinical implications: The above pharmacological scenario is reminiscent of a similar but naturalistic course of events as described in reports concerning the salutary effects of ketogenic diet, or restoration of sleep, in cases of migraine-triggered epilepsy. In all three instances it is the migraines that drive epilepsy, not the other way around, as it is commonly assumed. Conclusion: Although epilepsy is the more impressive aspect of migraine-triggered convulsions, the cases described in this report point to the primacy of migraine in bring about the whole picture from the start. In every case, seizures were controlled by adopting a treatment plan for preventing the migraines from occurring in the first place, i.e., the daily scheduled opioid treatment for refractory chronic headache. Given the role of cortical spreading depression (CSD) in the genesis of migraine and epilepsy, it is suggested that opiates suppress the development of CSD, thereby prohibiting the progression of migraine to epilepsy.
Children’s perceptions of factors that influence PE enjoyment: a qualitative investigation

ABSTRACT Background: Physical education (PE) is a key setting for children to engage in health-enhancing physical activity (PA). Factors influencing PE enjoyment in secondary schools are well researched. Less is known, however, about the factors children in elementary schools perceive to be important in promoting enjoyment, and how the current PE delivery framework in UK primary schools (combining specialist external coaches and generalist teachers) impacts on children’s motivational experiences. According to self-determination theory (SDT), enjoyment of activities is an intrinsic motivator for sustained engagement. Understanding children’s perceptions of PE is therefore critical if PE instructors are to increase enjoyment and the promotion of PA within and beyond PE. Purpose: To investigate children’s perceptions of factors that influence PE enjoyment, and interpret findings in the context of SDT and the promotion of autonomous motivation. Participants: Primary school pupils recruited from a cluster of four schools within a socio-economically deprived area of a large city in the North-West of England. Data collection and analysis: Eight focus groups were conducted with 47 children (23 boys) aged 7–11. Mixed gender focus groups included 4–6 children clustered by school years 3–4 (ages 7–9 years) and 5–6 (ages 9–11 years). Children were asked about their PE experiences and factors that influenced their perceived PE enjoyment. Transcripts were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using NVivo10 analysis software. Findings: Factors reported to influence children’s perceived PE enjoyment included (1) individual preferences, (2) peer behaviour, (3) instructor behaviour. Findings were interpreted in relation to SDT, and recommendations are given to help instructors and schools create a PE environment that enhances children’s enjoyment of PE. Conclusions: PE instructors and peers are important in creating an environment that supports children’s psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness, which influence PE enjoyment. To consistently provide children with enjoyable PE lessons, primary schools are advised to support the ongoing development of generalist teachers and facilitate better working relationships between generalist teachers and specialist coaches. SDT can be used by instructors to guide practice that enhances children’s enjoyment of PE.
On partitional clustering of malware

In this paper we fully describe a novel clustering method for malware, from the transformation of data into a manipulable standardised data matrix, finding the number of clusters until the clustering itself including visualisation of the high-dimensional data. Our clustering method deals well with categorical data and clusters the behavioural data of 17,000 websites, acquired with Capture-HPC, in less than 2 minutes.
From Domain Models to Hypermedia Applications: an Object-Oriented Approach

In this paper we present an object-oriented method for designing hypermedia applications. The approach divides the development process in four steps, namely: domain (or content) design, navigational design, abstract interface design and implementation. We use similar modeling primitives (object and classes) and abstraction mechanisms (aggregation, generalization), during the whole process thus improving traceability; design decisions like the use of complex navigational structures are made explicit through a uniform notation thus allowing a coherent document structure that simplifies the construction of a CAHDE. 1 Introduction and rationale Building large hypermedia applications is difficult, and is further complicated by the fact that, once an application has been built, its maintenance is correspondingly more complicated. Moreover, as in other software domains (such as information systems, databases, etc.) hypermedia applications are usually built from scratch: reuse is still a dream. As it has been stated elsewhere [Garzotto91], hypermedia design models and in particular object-oriented models [Lucarella93, Lange94] allow the description of a hypermedia application using high level constructs in an implementation independent way. Step-by-step methodologies can then be defined on top of existing design models [Balasubramaniam 94]. However, design models are still in their infancy; design decisions are often taken at the wrong time during the development life-cycle or are poorly documented, thus difficulting evolution. In this paper we propose a step-by-step method based on the construction of a sequence of object-oriented models that leads from domain analysis to implementation. Although based on object-oriented concepts, the resulting design can be implemented on top of a conventional (i.e., non object oriented) platform. The key ideas underlying the method are also suitable to other modeling approaches (like HDM [Garzotto 91,93], EORM [Lange94], etc.); in fact they are compatible with other step-by-step methods (for example the one presented in [Balasubramaniam94]). Using well-known object-oriented modeling concepts allows the formulation of complex designs with a concise yet expressive notation thus simplifying the construction of Computer Aided Hypermedia Development Environments (CAHDE). The structure of this paper is as follows: in section 2 we briefly overview our approach for building hypermedia applications; in sections 3 and 4 we present the core of our method: specifying a hypermedia application as a navigational model derived from a conceptual schema, discussing modeling constructs and abstraction mechanisms. Finally we summarize the key aspects of our approach and discuss some additional issues.
A SMIL player for any web browser

SMIL, Synchonized Multimedia Integration Language, is a W3C markup language for the definition of complex multimedia presentations. SMIL documents need a specific player for its playback and cannot be rendered by modern browsers. In this paper we present SmilingWeb, a first tentative to implement a cross-platform player for SMIL presentations contained in web pages. We implement a JavaScript library, based on the web standards, which allows to solve the synchronization of media items contained in multimedia presentations through the use of any available browser. The proposed solution is crossplatform and cross-browser, therefore it can be potentially used by any user. The player has been tested with the SMIL Testsuite, provided by W3C and with a set of very complex multimedia presentations in order to check its support to the standard and its scalability. All the tests reported positive results.
The Evocation and Enactment of Conceptual Schemes: Understanding the Microgenesis of Mathematical Cognition through Embodied, Artifact-Mediated Activity.

When instructional designers develop content-targeted pedagogical situations, their practice can be theorized as engineering students’ development of conceptual schemes. To account for the contributions of students’ prior schemes and situated experiences towards their development of conceptual schemes, I suggest a distinction between the evocation of schemes and enactment of situations. The former suggests that the design of an instructional situation can activate students’ prior schemes. The latter suggests that the structure of students’ activity in an instructional situation determines the nature of newly constructed schemes. I contextualize my views using empirical data from a case study of early fraction instruction.