Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Import of proteins into the peroxisomal matrix

Peroxisomes constitute a dynamic compartment in all nucleated cells. They fulfill diverse metabolic tasks in response to environmental changes and cellular demands. This adaptation is implemented by modulation of the enzyme content of the organelles, which is accomplished by dynamically operating peroxisomal protein transport machineries. Soluble import receptors recognize their newly synthesized cargo proteins in the cytosol and ferry them to the peroxisomal membrane. Subsequently, the cargo is translocated into the matrix, where the receptor is ubiquitinated and exported back to the cytosol for further rounds of matrix protein import. This review discusses the recent progress in our understanding of the peroxisomal matrix protein import and its regulation by ubiquitination events as well as the current view on the translocation mechanism of folded proteins into peroxisomes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Origin and spatiotemporal dynamics of the peroxisomal endomembrane system.
The risk of dementia and death after delirium.

BACKGROUND delirium is common and is associated with many adverse short-term consequences. OBJECTIVES to examine the relationship between an episode of delirium and subsequent dementia and death over 3 years. DESIGN prospective cohort study. SETTING patients (n = 203) were aged 65 years or older at baseline and survivors of the index admission. METHODS Using a standard assessment of cognitive function, we followed 38 inpatients diagnosed with delirium (22 with delirium and dementia, 16 with delirium only) and 148 patients with no delirium or dementia, for a median of 32.5 months. Follow-up was by personal interviews, supplemented by standardized clinical examinations. We calculated the incidence and odds of dementia and the incidence and hazard ratio for death, with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS The incidence of dementia was 5.6% per year over 3 years for those without delirium and 18.1% per year for those with delirium. The unadjusted relative risk of dementia for those with delirium was 3.23 (95% confidence interval 1.86-5.63). The adjusted relative risk of death also increased (1.80; 1.11-2.92), while the median survival time was significantly shorter in those with (510 days; 433-587) than in those without delirium (1122 days; 922-1322). CONCLUSION delirium appears to be an important marker of risk for dementia and death, even in older people without prior cognitive or functional impairment.
Fabrication of low-stress dielectric thin-film for microsensor applications

A method of fabricating low-stress dielectric thin film as the supporting material of micromachined devices is reported. The film is processed by post thermal oxidation of silicon-rich nitride (SN) deposited on a silicon substrate by LPCVD. Due to the compensation on the nitride by its top oxide, an ultra-low residual stress less than 10 MPa can be obtained with a proper oxidation scheme. Characteristics of the oxidized nitride were analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and ellipsometry. Large floating membranes of 4/spl times/4 cm/sup 2/ and 400-nm thick can be made by this method with TMAH etching.
Young children’s difficulty with deception in a conflict situation

This study examined young children’s deception in a conflict situation. A puppet show was prepared involving a protagonist who went into hiding, an enemy who wanted to catch the protagonist, and a friend who was looking for the protagonist. In the no-conflict condition, the enemy asked the children about the location of the protagonist. In the conflict condition, the friend asked the children; however, the enemy was nearby and could eavesdrop. Thus, there was a conflict between deceiving the enemy and telling the truth to the friend. In Experiment 1, the enemy hid behind a tree and was not visible to the friend; 80 children aged 4, 5, and 6 years old participated. In Experiment 2, the enemy was visible to the friend but was disguised; 24 children aged 5 and 6 years old participated. Most 5- and 6-year-olds did not give accurate information to the enemy in the no-conflict condition. However, in the conflict condition, most of the children did not control their behavior and immediately gave accurate information to the friend although the enemy was nearby. Young children from the age of 5 years were able to deceive in the no-conflict situation, but it was difficult for them to deceive in the conflict situation.
DFT, DCT, MDCT, DST and signal Fourier spectrum analysis

DFT, DCT, DST and MDCT are compared in terms of their resolution power for signal Fourier spectrum analysis and energy compaction properties. For test sinusoidal signals with random frequency it was shown by computer simulation that the resolution power of the transforms is not uniform within the frequency band and that on average over the frequency range, DFT, DCT and DST have almost the same resolution power, while MDCT slightly remises them in this respect.
Control and Responsiveness in the Learning Partnership

Aims and objectives How does interpersonal interaction influence teaching and learning experience? My research addresses this question, and aims to: • examine each of the N+2 relationships within the teacher-pupil-parent triangle • Consider the teacher-pupil-parent triangle as a microsystem • explore the dimensions of responsiveness and control • Consider the possibility of conflict resolution through reframing individual constructs Based on analysis of teacher survey data this paper presents a discussion of the interpersonal mechanisms of control and responsiveness in the context of teacher-parent and teacher-pupil relationships. Context A violin teacher's 'studio' provides a unique setting for an exploration of interpersonal relationships between parent, teacher and pupil. This particular educational context is somewhat unique in two respects. First, the learning often takes place on a one-to-one basis and involves high levels of parental support. Second, the relationship between parent, pupil, and individual teacher often spans several years, thereby encompassing many life changes experienced by the three participants. Methodology A systems framework brings coherence to a diverse theoretical field that includes concepts of interpersonal relationships, family communication patterns, effective teaching and home-school relations. The parent-teacher-pupil triangle is considered as a microsystem embedded within a nest of larger social systems, central to the musical development of the pupil and integral to the personal and professional satisfaction of all three participants. Phase one of this research employed a quantitative survey to examine how learning and teaching experience for teachers, pupils and parents is influenced by the dynamics of responsiveness and control, while phase two comprised qualitative methods to explore these dimensions within teacher-pupil-parent case studies.
Cardiorenal syndrome: an evolutionary point of view.

In modern societies, lifestyle-related diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, are major causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and renal failure. In particular, chronic kidney disease (CKD), as defined by reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR; 3 months, is a significant threat to public health. Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated that CKD is a significant risk for cardiovascular events independent of classic risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.1 The incidence and prevalence of CKD are increasing worldwide, and CKD is a significant health problem associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. One of the features of lifestyle-related diseases is that an apparently minor insult to the kidney, as manifested by microalbuminuria, is associated with a heightened incidence of CVD. Why? We may be able to find an answer in the process of the evolution of life.2,3 It is plausible that the structures and functions of vital organs and molecules essential for survival in the natural environment have now become villains that jeopardize our health in a modern society. The representative examples may include the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the circulatory systems that deliver blood supply to the sites crucial for survival, such as the brain stem. Cardiorenal syndrome is classified into 5 subtypes.4 This review mainly discusses the relationship among the kidney, heart, and brain in lifestyle-related diseases. However, an insight into the fundamentals of structures and functions of vital organs from an evolutionary point of view would help us understand the pathophysiological interactions in the other types of cardiorenal syndromes. ### Structure of the Mammalian Kidney In all creatures, the milieu interieur is kept constant, and this stability is essential to various cellular functions and, therefore, maintenance of life.5 In mammals, the …
The bounded model checker LLBMC

This paper presents LLBMC, a tool for finding bugs and runtime errors in sequential C/C++ programs. LLBMC employs bounded model checking using an SMT-solver for the theory of bitvectors and arrays and thus achieves precision down to the level of single bits. The two main features of LLBMC that distinguish it from other bounded model checking tools for C/C++ are (i) its bit-precise memory model, which makes it possible to support arbitrary type conversions via stores and loads; and (ii) that it operates on a compiler intermediate representation and not directly on the source code.
Extension to Gardner timing error detector for QPSK signals

In this paper, based on analyzing the detector characteristics of modified Gardner (mGA) timing error detector examined before, an extended non-carrier-blind detector is proposed for quadratic phase shift keying (QPSK) signals. The timing jitter performance of new detector is about 2dB–10dB better than that of mGA at low and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) respectively. However, this advantage is achieved under perfect phase recovery, which can be achieved by non-timing-aided M-th power phase recovery loop in front of the timing loop with an acceptable phase deviation of 5 degree. Moreover, the computational complexity of new detector is lower than that of mGA. This extension method can also be applied to higher order modulation.
Implementation and evaluation of a ReplicaSet grid service

We present the implementation and performance of a ReplicaSet service based on the specification developed in the OGSA Data Replication Services (OREP) Working Group of the Global Grid Forum. This standard is based on the open grid services infrastructure. The ReplicaSet service aggregates information about replicated data items and enforces policies for authorization, replica semantics and consistency.
A prediction model that uses the sequence of attempts and hints to better predict knowledge: "Better to attempt the problem first, rather than ask for a hint"

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) have been proven to be efficient in providing students assistance and assessing their performance when they do their homework. Many research projects have been done to analyze how students’ knowledge grows and to predict their performance from within intelligent tutoring system. Most of them focus on using correctness of the previous question or the number of hints and attempts students need to predict their future performance, but ignore how they ask for hints and make attempts. In this paper, we build a Sequence of Actions (SOA) model taking advantage of the sequence of hints and attempts a student needed for previous question to predict students’ performance. We used an ASSISTments dataset of 66 students answering a total of 34,973 problems generated from 5010 questions over the course of two years. The experimental results showed that the Sequence of Action model has reliable predictive accuracy than Knowledge Tracing.
The role of mindfulness in early adolescent psychological adjustment and well-being

Within the field of positive psychology, investigations of human potential and well-being have recently focused on mindfulness, a unique quality of consciousness. Mindfulness has been defined as the practice of being aware of one's thoughts and actions in the present moment, non-judgmentally. Investigations of mindfulness have primarily focused on adult populations and have revealed mindfulness to be related to a variety of indicators of well-being such as optimism, positive affect, self-regulation, and lower rates of depression and anxiety. The present study investigated the relationship of mindfulness and well-being within a population of early adolescents. Early adolescence is marked by changes across cognitive, social and biological areas of functioning. Despite improvement of competencies, as children move through early adolescence both their sense of optimism and self-concept decline. Additionally, early adolescents experience more instances of negative affect and fewer instances of positive affect than younger children. Because mindfulness has been found to be related to such constructs of well-being in adults, the question arises, what role mindfulness might play in positive adolescent development and well-being? There are currently no specific instruments designed to assess mindfulness in children or adolescents. As such, we first tested the psychometric properties of a modified version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003; modified by Benn 2004). Scores from the MAAS, along with a battery of wellbeing indicators were analyzed to answer the following 3 questions: 1) Is the modified MAAS a psychometrically sound measure when used with early adolescents? 2) Are there within and between group differences in scores on the MAAS? 3) Do early
Rutting Prediction Model Developed by Genetic Programming Method Through Full Scale Accelerated Pavement Testing

The application of genetic programming (GP) to pavement performance evaluation is relatively new. This paper both describes and demonstrates how to develop a model to predict the pavement rutting by using GP method. Results from closely controlled full-scale Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT) - 7 test pavements (264 records) from CRRELpsilas HVS and 1 test pavement (8 records) from TxDOTpsilas MLS - were employed to establish a rutting prediction model. For model evaluation purposes, additional test pavements (94 records) from both CRRELpsilas HVS and TxDOTpsilas MLS were utilized. GP was applied successfully to develop a rutting prediction model that uses wheel load, load repetitions and the pavement Structural Number (SN) as inputs. The overall R2 for 272 records is 0.8140. The model and algorithms proposed in this study provide a good foundation for further refinement when additional data is available.
A mouse model of human adaptive immune functions: HLA‐A2.1‐/HLA‐DR1‐transgenic H‐2 class I‐/class II‐knockout mice

HLA‐A2.1‐/HLA‐DR1‐transgenic H‐2 class I‐/class II‐knockout mice were created and their immunological potential evaluated in response to hepatitis B DNA vaccine. Every single immunized mouse developed hepatitis B virus‐specific antibodies, HLA‐DR1‐restricted helper, and HLA‐A2.1‐restricted cytolytic T cell responses directed at the same immunodominant epitopes as those identified in naturally infected or vaccinated humans. These mice were specifically protected against a hepatitis B‐recombinant vaccinia virus infection with a 10,000‐fold or more reduction of the virus load at day 4 post‐challenge. These mice represent a unique in vivo experimental model for human immune function studies without any interference with mouse MHC response which dwarfed the prediction of human responses. Furthermore, they enable the complete monitoring of immune adaptative responses for preclinical screening of candidate vaccines.
Controlling Kinesin by Reversible Disulfide Cross-linking : Identifying the Motility-producing Conformational Change ✪

Conventional kinesin, a dimeric molecular motor, uses ATP-dependent conformational changes to move unidirectionally along a row of tubulin subunits on a microtubule. Two models have been advanced for the major structural change underlying kinesin motility: the first involves an unzippering/zippering of a small peptide (neck linker) from the motor catalytic core and the second proposes an unwinding/rewinding of the adjacent coiled-coil (neck coiled-coil). Here, we have tested these models using disulfide cross-linking of cysteines engineered into recombinant kinesin motors. When the neck linker motion was prevented by crosslinking, kinesin ceased unidirectional movement and only showed brief one-dimensional diffusion along microtubules. Motility fully recovered upon adding reducing agents to reverse the cross-link. When the neck linker motion was partially restrained, single kinesin motors showed biased diffusion towards the microtubule plus end but could not move effectively against a load imposed by an optical trap. Thus, partial movement of the neck linker suffices for directionality but not for normal processivity or force generation. In contrast, preventing neck coiled-coil unwinding by disulfide cross-linking had relatively little effect on motor activity, although the average run length of single kinesin molecules decreased by 30–50%. These studies indicate that conformational changes in the neck linker, not in the neck coiled-coil, drive processive movement by
Egg production and individual genetic diversity in lesser kestrels

Fecundity is an important component of individual fitness and has major consequences on population dynamics. Despite this, the influence of individual genetic variability on egg production traits is poorly known. Here, we use two microsatellite‐based measures, homozygosity by loci and internal relatedness, to analyse the influence of female genotypic variation at 11 highly variable microsatellite loci on both clutch size and egg volume in a wild population of lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni). Genetic diversity was associated with clutch size, with more heterozygous females laying larger clutches, and this effect was statistically independent of other nongenetic variables such as female age and laying date, which were also associated with fecundity in this species. However, egg volume was not affected by female heterozygosity, confirming previous studies from pedigree‐based breeding experiments which suggest that this trait is scarcely subjected to inbreeding depression. Finally, we explored whether the association between heterozygosity and clutch size was due to a genome‐wide effect (general effect) or to single locus heterozygosity (local effect). Two loci showed a stronger influence but the correlation was not fully explained by these two loci alone, suggesting that a main general effect underlies the association observed. Overall, our results underscore the importance of individual genetic variation for egg production in wild bird populations, a fact that could have important implications for conservation research and provides insights into the study of clutch size evolution and genetic variability maintenance in natural populations.
Defending a Service Attack Againts Distributed Denial of Ttack under Tunnel Based F Forwarding Defending against Ddos Attack under Tunnel Based Forwarding Aalto Korkeakoulu Diplomityön Tiivistelmä Defending against Ddos Attack under Tunnel Based Forwarding Acknowledgement

of Master's Thesis Abstract: Today, attacks are a harmful element of the computer networks. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is one of the most harmful attacks. Many defense mechanisms have been proposed to mitigate the effect of the attacks. 2In this thesis, we study two methods for defending against DDoS attacks. First, we identify the attack packets to detect a DDoS attack by checking the TTL value of incoming packets and monitoring the number of new source IP addresses of incoming packets. Second, we propose an algorithm to traceback the attack traffic to identify the source IP address of origin by deploying a tunneling based protocol. The tunneling based protocol is called the Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) and it is deployed in a domain network to encapsulate all outgoing packets decapsulate all incoming packets. As a side-effect the tunneling protocol reveals the ingress point of attack traffic. We also analyzed the approach in a simulation environment and compare the results in the domain network when deploying the tunneling based protocol.
Dynamic Analysis and Control Approach for a High-Gain Step-Up Converter for Electrified Transportation

Electric power take-off system has gained significant popularity in automobiles and aircraft. The system requires a high-gain step-up converter to boost the voltage of the low-voltage batteries. A novel topology has been proposed for these applications. The output voltage requires good regulation during load changes. This paper presents the dynamic modeling of the converter using generalized averaging method. A small-signal model is developed by linearizing around the operating points. The analysis of system stability indicates that the system is stable at all operating points. The sensitivity of parameters such as leakage inductance and load resistance has been studied to analyze the effect of these parameters in the context of system behavior and the controller design. A dedicated controller has been designed, which includes a feedback controller to regulate the output voltage and a lead compensator to solve the potential instability issue brought by the right-half-plane zeros. It also includes a feedforward controller in its inner loop to eliminate the effect of the disturbance in the input voltage. Simulation and experimental results have been used to validate the system model and the proposed controller.
Proactive behavior: A selection perspective

In the 15 years since Bateman and Crant (1993) formulated the construct of proactive personality, numerous researchers have devoted a significant amount of attention to proactive attributes and behaviors (e.g., Parker, Williams, & Turner, 2006; Crant, 2000; Frese & Fay, 2001; Parker, 2000; Erdogan & Bauer, 2005). Campbell's (1990) model of performance suggests that an organization's selection system may ultimately promote proactive behavior. Consequently, in this dissertation, I advocate a selection approach as the initial building block towards creating a workplace in which proactive behavior is a fundamental outcome. One of the selection tools yet to be explored by researchers and practitioners as a method of hiring proactive employees is biographical data. Biographical data, or biodata, is collected by asking a person to describe or report prior behaviors and experiences (Nickels, 1994) based on the rationale that an individual's past behavior provides some indication of what behavior is likely in the future (Childs & Klimoski, 1986; Nickels, 1994; Owens & Schoenfeldt, 1979; Mumford & Owens, 1987). Therefore, a proactivityrelated biodata measure (PROBIO) was developed to predict proactive behavior based on the rationale that an individual who has been proactive in the past is likely to be proactive in the future. In addition to developing a biodata measure to predict proactive behavior, one of the objectives of this dissertation was to provide a better understanding of the relationship