Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low temperature heat capacity of permanently densified SiO2 glasses

A study of low temperature specific heat capacity (1–30 K) has been performed on samples of vitreous SiO2, which have been compacted under pressures up to 8 GPa to explore different glassy phases having growing density. Increasing densification by more than 21% leads to a progressive reduction of the specific heat capacity C p and to a shift from 10 K up to about 17 K of the broad hump, the calorimetric Boson peak (BP), observed above 1 K in a C p (T)/T 3 vs. T plot. The revealed changes are not accounted for by the modifications of the elastic continuum, implying a nature of additional vibrations at variance with the extended sound waves. Increasing atomic packing of the glassy network leads to a progressively decreasing excess heat capacity over that of α-quartz, a crystalline polymorph of SiO2. By using the low-frequency Raman intensity measured in these glasses to determine the temperature dependence of the low temperature heat capacity, it has been evaluated the density of low-frequency vibrational states. The observations are compared with some theoretical pictures explaining the nature of the BP, disclosing qualitative agreement with the predictions of the Soft Potential Model and the results of a simulation study concerning the vibrations of jammed particles. This finding leads to evaluate a nanometer length scale which suggests the existence of poorly packed domains formed from several n-membered rings involving SiO4 tetrahedra. These soft regions are believed to be the main source of low-frequency vibrations giving rise to the BP.
Utility of pooled sequencing for association mapping in nonmodel organisms

High‐density genome‐wide sequencing increases the likelihood of discovering genes of major effect and genomic structural variation in organisms. While there is an increasing availability of reference genomes across broad taxa, the greatest limitation to whole‐genome sequencing of multiple individuals continues to be the costs associated with sequencing. To alleviate excessive costs, pooling multiple individuals with similar phenotypes and sequencing the homogenized DNA (Pool‐Seq) can achieve high genome coverage, but at the loss of individual genotypes. Although Pool‐Seq has been an effective method for association mapping in model organisms, it has not been frequently utilized in natural populations. To extend bioinformatic tools for rapid implementation of Pool‐Seq data in nonmodel organisms, we developed a pipeline called PoolParty and illustrate its effectiveness in genetic association mapping. Alignment expectations based on five pooled Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) libraries showed that approximately 48% genome coverage per library could be achieved with reasonable sequencing effort. We additionally examined male and female O. tshawytscha libraries to illustrate how Pool‐Seq techniques can successfully map known genes associated with functional differences among sexes such as growth hormone 2. Finally, we compared pools of individuals of different spawning ages for each sex to discover novel genes involved with age at maturity in O. tshawytscha such as opsin4 and transmembrane protein19. While not appropriate for every system, Pool‐Seq data processed by the PoolParty pipeline is a practical method for identifying genes of major effect in nonmodel organisms when high genome coverage is necessary and cost is a limiting factor.
Structural view of the 2A protease from human rhinovirus C15.

The majority of outbreaks of the common cold are caused by rhinoviruses. The 2A protease (2Apro) of human rhinoviruses (HRVs) is known to play important roles in the propagation of the virus and the modulation of host signal pathways to facilitate viral replication. The 2Apro from human rhinovirus C15 (HRV-C15) has been expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography. The crystals diffracted to 2.6 Å resolution. The structure was solved by molecular replacement using the structure of 2Apro from coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) as the search model. The structure contains a conserved His-Asp-Cys catalytic triad and a Zn2+-binding site. Comparison with other 2Apro structures from enteroviruses reveals that the substrate-binding cleft of 2Apro from HRV-C15 exhibits a more open conformation, which presumably favours substrate binding.
Exploring Disentangled Feature Representation Beyond Face Identification

This paper proposes learning disentangled but complementary face features with a minimal supervision by face identification. Specifically, we construct an identity Distilling and Dispelling Autoencoder (D2AE) framework that adversarially learns the identity-distilled features for identity verification and the identity-dispelled features to fool the verification system. Thanks to the design of two-stream cues, the learned disentangled features represent not only the identity or attribute but the complete input image. Comprehensive evaluations further demonstrate that the proposed features not only preserve state-of-the-art identity verification performance on LFW, but also acquire comparable discriminative power for face attribute recognition on CelebA and LFWA. Moreover, the proposed system is ready to semantically control the face generation/editing based on various identities and attributes in an unsupervised manner.
Long-Term Unemployment Is Associated with Short Telomeres in 31-Year-Old Men: An Observational Study in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966

Objective Life stress resulting from early-life experiences and domestic stress is linked with shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL), but evidence on employment-related stress is scarce. We explored whether unemployment in early adulthood is associated with shorter LTL, a potential biomarker of premature aging. Methods We used data from 5620 men and women belonging to the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Individually registered unemployment days in 1995–97 were compared with data on biological, behavioral and socioeconomic health predictors and existing medical conditions obtained by surveys and clinical examinations at follow-up in 1997–98. Mean LTL at follow-up was measured by multiplex quantitative real-time PCR. We calculated odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of belonging to the sex-stratified shortest decile of standardized relative mean LTL according to the categories of: 0, <260, <500 and over 500 unemployment days, representing 0, <1, <2 and over 2 calendar years. Results Among men, unemployment exceeding 500 days during three years was associated with having shorter LTL at follow-up, compared to being continuously employed. The corresponding odds ratio was 2.61 (95% CI 1.16 to 5.85) in the fully adjusted model. Such an association was not found among women in this study. Conclusions Long-term unemployment in early adulthood is associated with shorter LTL among men.
Sir James Simpson's Influence on the Progress of Obstetrics

J U qJ. jvmoeuXjjL tvjoj le-v^Uu U^ciujtatiiXavo c^^4\*^ umeiii du-\ tviiinc jrffuvi ^CtuLi.w^ ftu*j (ii^iAA.a-tiow fcit ^ J tilo-fiL U\ AmirijUi.wr<A> bvj\jc&_<e<uC | <mJ tiLt. 'VoOL tiu. ^uiutw? LvjU-irw . c? y ov r\ajjLi\ ixJL^ieis WiUiSSL) vluidJ tt UrrvtC ItttXni tfu. XhxJUi'-tnAj; > 'vT^Mtcsfeou^ ^ (fjtlu! f^Cae^vtcu. _ ji|4n. QxT^uiitj <3mi' (? (? axu^ (iWi{&vlz(jj^ACU tl' (ijoJviavS (zPKul. te tkt\i^. aJUL<**&> C0l^*j UJuL4-j^XU>tfnJLif\jUjjuM*. a h'ivuJjl C^JLdi^ div^l-c ̂ tcteA. ^
Energy-Efficient Secondary Traffic Scheduling with MIMO Beamforming

When equipped with multiple antennas, secondary users in cognitive radio networks are able to communicate even when neighboring primary users are active by transmitting in the null space of the communication channel occupied by primary users. In this case, the throughput of a secondary link is limited by the transmission power and the dimension of the null space, i.e., the number of active primary users nearby. Since the number of active primary users is time-varying, the required transmission power to support certain data rate changes from time to time. Thus, secondary users could adapt their transmission to the variation of the primary traffic to improve energy efficiency. In view of that, we develop an energy-efficient traffic scheduling scheme for secondary users equipped with multiple antennas. By formulating the traffic scheduling problem as a Markov decision problem, an energy-efficient transmission scheme is derived from linear programming. The analytical results are verified by simulations and the impacts of various parameters are discussed. The superiority of the derived scheme is also shown by comparing with a randomized scheme.
A modified generalized extreme value distribution methodology to predict the maximum corrosion depth of nuclear pipes

Considering the complexity of corrosion environment,randomness of corrosion process,and the fitting error caused by improper selection of extreme value distribution,the generalized extreme value distribution model was applied to predict the development law of corrosion depth,and a method based on the immune genetic algorithm for parameter optimization in maximum corrosion depth of nuclear pipes was presented.Firstly,the statistical analysis of corrosion depth from the samples of nuclear pipes was made to calculate the corresponding cumulative probability;secondly,by using immune genetic algorithm to optimize the statistical parameters of generalized extreme value distribution model,the probability distribution function was obtained;finally,the maximum corrosion depth ydi of nuclear pipes was predicted by small sample data,and the probability which was over the maximum corrosion depth ydi was assessed.The prediction simulation of different data from different samples of nuclear pipes was made.The results show that the modified generalized extreme value distribution methodology based on immune genetic algorithm to predict the maximum corrosion depth of nuclear pipes corrosion cannot be limited by the extreme value distribution types of sample data.It has good universality,and its velocity and accuracy of convergence are also perfect.
Gαi Signaling Promotes Marginal Zone B Cell Development by Enabling Transitional B Cell ADAM10 Expression

The follicular (FO) versus marginal zone (MZ) B cell fate decision in the spleen depends upon BCR, BAFF, and Notch2 signaling. Whether or how Gi signaling affects this fate decision is unknown. Here, we show that direct contact with Notch ligand expressing stromal cells (OP9-Delta-like 1) cannot promote normal MZ B cell development when progenitor B cells lack Gαi proteins, or if Gi signaling is disabled. Consistent with faulty ADAM10-dependent Notch2 processing, Gαi-deficient transitional B cells had low ADAM10 membrane expression levels and reduced Notch2 target gene expression. Immunoblotting Gαi-deficient B cell lysates revealed a reduction in mature, processed ADAM10. Suggesting that Gαi signaling promotes ADAM10 membrane expression, stimulating normal transitional B cells with CXCL12 raised it, while inhibiting Gαi nucleotide exchange blocked its upregulation. Surprisingly, inhibiting Gαi nucleotide exchange in transitional B cells also impaired the upregulation of ADAM10 that occurs following antigen receptor crosslinking. These results indicate that Gαi signaling supports ADAM10 maturation and activity in transitional B cells, and ultimately Notch2 signaling to promote MZ B cell development.
Exploratory study on the relationship between smoking and other risk behaviours among young smokers

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between smoking and other risk behaviours among Chinese young people in Hong Kong. BACKGROUND There is growing concern about coexisting risk behaviours in young smokers. Information about smoking and other risk behaviours is crucial for developing interventions to promote smoking abstinence and adoption of healthy lifestyles. The relationship between smoking and other risk behaviours among Chinese young people in Hong Kong has not been explored. DESIGN This is a mixed-method retrospective population-based study. METHODS A retrospective population-based study was conducted with 1,147 young smokers through Youth Quitline between November 2011-July 2016. Attitudes, behaviours and experiences related to smoking and risk behaviours among Chinese young smokers were examined in semi-structured qualitative interviews with 30 participants randomly selected from the retrospective population-based study. RESULTS In total, 45.5% participants reported engaging in at least one other risk behaviour. The interviews revealed that drinking alcohol may have a significant impact on quitting smoking. In addition, smoking may be a gateway for more serious risk behaviours during adolescence. Low health awareness may explain the unhealthy lifestyles among young smokers. CONCLUSIONS This study bridges a gap in existing literature by exploring relationships between smoking and other risk behaviours among young people in Hong Kong. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Given the interrelationships between smoking and other risk behaviours, a holistic approach should be used to promote smoking cessation and healthy lifestyles among young smokers. If young smokers improve their health and quit smoking at the same time, their physical and mental development will benefit as a secondary outcome.
Acute Effects of Tai Chi Training on Cognitive and Cardiovascular Responses in Late Middle-Aged Adults: A Pilot Study

This study explored the immediate effects of Tai Chi (TC) training on attention and meditation, perceived stress level, heart rate, oxygen saturation level in blood, and palmar skin temperature in late middle-aged adults. Twenty TC practitioners and 20 nonpractitioners volunteered to join the study. After baseline measurements were taken, the TC group performed TC for 10 minutes while their cognitive states and cardiovascular responses were concurrently monitored. The control group rested for the same duration in a standing position. Both groups were then reassessed. The participants' attention and meditation levels were measured using electroencephalography; stress levels were measured using Perceived Stress Scale; heart rate and blood oxygenation were measured using an oximeter; and palmar skin temperature was measured using an infrared thermometer. Attention level tended to increase during TC and dropped immediately thereafter (p < 0.001). Perceived stress level decreased from baseline to posttest in exclusively the TC group (p = 0.005). Heart rate increased during TC (p < 0.001) and decreased thereafter (p = 0.001). No significant group, time, or group-by-time interaction effects were found in the meditation level, palmar skin temperature, and blood oxygenation outcomes. While a 10-minute TC training could temporarily improve attention and decrease perceived stress levels, it could not improve meditation, palmar skin temperature, or blood oxygenation among late middle-aged adults.
Effect of micro cooling channels on a hydrogen peroxide monopropellant microthruster performance

In this paper, a hydrogen peroxide monopropellant microthrusters with and without regenerative micro cooling channels were fabricated and performance test results were compared to determine cooling effect of the regenerative micro cooling channels. Photosensitive glass was used as microfabrication material, which is cost-effective for MEMS fabrication process. Nine photosensitive glasses was integrated using UV and thermal bonding and composed the microthrusters. 90wt% hydrogen peroxide was used both as monopropellant and cooling fluid. For hydrogen peroxide decomposition, catalyst was fabricated and inserted into the microchamber. Platinum was used as the catalyst active material and γ-alumina was used as catalyst support. Experimental testing was conducted to determine effect of the cooling channels and the chamber pressure, temperature and surface temperature were measured. The performance test results showed that it was possible to relieve the thermal shock of the micro thruster structure by as much as 64% by adding regenerative micro cooling channels on both sides of the microthruster chamber. However, the chamber pressure and temperature decreased by regenerative cooling channels due to excessive cooling effects.
The Origins of Ceramic Technology at Dolni Věstonice, Czechoslovakia

A typology was established for more than 5000 ceramic artifacts at Dolni Vestonice, Czechoslovakia. Conjectured methods of manufacture were confirmed by radiography. The compositions and mineralogy of the artifacts were identical to those of the local soil, loess. A firing temperature range of 500� to 800� C was measured and compared with those of hearths and kilns. The mechanism of sintering was impurity-initiated, liquid-phase sintering. Many fracture sections show evidence of thermal shock, although thermal expansion of the loess is low. The making, firing, and sometimes exploding of the figurines may have been the prime function of the ceramics at this site rather than being manufactured as permanent, portable objects.
Comparing methods for detecting multilocus adaptation with multivariate genotype-environment associations

Identifying adaptive loci can provide insight into the mechanisms underlying local adaptation. Genotype-environment association (GEA) methods, which identify these loci based on correlations between genetic and environmental data, are particularly promising. Univariate methods have dominated GEA, despite the high dimensional nature of genotype and environment. Multivariate methods, which analyze many loci simultaneously, may be better suited to these data since they consider how sets of markers covary in response to environment. These methods may also be more effective at detecting adaptive processes that result in weak, multilocus signatures. Here, we evaluate four multivariate methods, and five univariate and differentiation-based approaches, using published simulations of multilocus selection. We found that Random Forest performed poorly for GEA. Univariate GEAs performed better, but had low detection rates for loci under weak selection. Constrained ordinations showed a superior combination of low false positive and high true positive rates across all levels of selection. These results were robust across the demographic histories, sampling designs, sample sizes, and levels of population structure tested. The value of combining detections from different methods was variable, and depended on study goals and knowledge of the drivers of selection. Reanalysis of genomic data from gray wolves highlighted the unique, covarying sets of adaptive loci that could be identified using redundancy analysis, a constrained ordination. Although additional testing is needed, this study indicates that constrained ordinations are an effective means of detecting adaptation, including signatures of weak, multilocus selection, providing a powerful tool for investigating the genetic basis of local adaptation.
Measurement and analysis on optical characteristics of Aspergillus oryzae spores in infrared band

Spore is an important part of bioaerosols. The optical characteristics of spore is a crucial parameter for study on bioaerosols. The reflection within the waveband of 2.5 to15μm were measured by squash method. Based on the measured data, Complex refractive index of Aspergillus oryzae spores within the waveband of 3 to 5μm and 8 to 14 μm were calculated by using Krames-Kronig (K-K) relationship. Then,the mass extinction coefficient of Aspergillus oryzae spores within the waveband of 3 to 5μm and 8 to 14μm were obtained by utilizing Mie scattering theory, and the results were analyzed and discussed. The average mass extinction coefficient of Aspergillus oryzae spores is 0.51 m2/g in the range of 3 to 5μm，and 0.48m2/g in the range of 8 to 14μm. Compared with common inorganic compounds, Aspergillus oryzae spores possesses a good extinction performance in infrared band.
A Case of Rat-Bite Fever

during recent years. The literature contains accounts of some fifteen or sixteen cases in the British Isles, and it is not improbable that the condition may be more common in this country than would appear from the number of recorded cases. So far as we have been able to ascertain, only one case has hitherto been reported in Scotland.1 A full description of the disease, with reports on the British cases
Businesspeople in Elected Office: Identifying Private Benefits from Firm-Level Returns

Do businesspeople who win elected office use their positions to help their firms? Business leaders become politicians around the world, yet we know little about whether their commitment to public service trumps their own private interests. Using an original dataset of 2,703 firms in Russia, I employ a regression discontinuity design to identify the causal effect of firm directors winning seats in subnational legislatures from 2004 to 2013. First, having a connection to a winning politician increases a firm’s revenue by 60% and profitability by 15% over a term in office. I then test between different mechanisms, finding that connected firms improve their performance by gaining access to bureaucrats and not by signaling legitimacy to financiers. The value of winning a seat increases in more politically competitive regions but falls markedly when more businesspeople win office in a convocation. Politically connected firms extract fewer benefits when faced with greater competition from other rent-seekers.
Enthalpy−Entropy and Cavity Decomposition of Alkane Hydration Free Energies: Numerical Results and Implications for Theories of Hydrophobic Solvation

This study reports the first complete description of the solution thermodynamics of a series of linear, branched, and cyclic alkanes in water by computer simulations, including the enthalpy and entropy changes in addition to the solvation free energies. We have also obtained a complete thermodynamic description of the solvation of the associated alkane cavities. Our results lead to the following key observations: (i) The theoretical prediction that hydration entropy and solvent reorganization are weakly coupled to solute−solvent dispersion interactions is confirmed by computer simulations. (ii) The weak correlation between solute−solvent dispersion interaction energies with solute surface area explains the large relative solubilities of cyclic alkanes and the large difference between the free energy/surface area relations observed for gas to water transfer processes compared to processes involving conformational rearrangements. (iii) The work of cavity formation in water is determined in about equal meas.