Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the Dual-Phase Lag Effects in Biological Tissues during Laser Irradiation

This paper studies the dual-phase lag (DPL) bioheat transfer model in biological tissues during laser irradiation. The energy equation is analytically solved using the separation of variables and Duhamel’s integral method. The problem is considered for both highly absorbed and strongly scattered tissues. The analytical results indicate that the DPL bioheat transfer model describe different thermal responses from the thermal wave (hyperbolic) and Pennes (parabolic) bioheat transfer models, depending on the values of the two lagging times. The results show that the DPL bioheat transfer model approaches to Pennes bioheat transfer model when just both thermal lagging times approach zero, whilst different thermal responses are estimated by the DPL model than that of calculated by Pennes bioheat transfer model when q T    . The reliability of the proposed analytical method is verified through comparison with the existing results in the literature and the results show that there is a good agreement between our outcomes and the past studies. Impacts of different time delays and laser parameters such as the laser irradiance and laser exposure time on temperature history of biological tissues are also studied. The effect of the blood perfusion on the transient temperature distribution of tissue is carried out and it is found that the effect of blood perfusion rate is similar to that of the time delay T  . KeywordsDual-Phase Lag (DPL) Model; Laser Irradiation; Duhamel’s Integral Method; Thermal Relaxation; Biological Tissue
Isolation of Dendritic Cells

This unit presents two methods for preparing dendritic cells (DCs), a highly specialized type of antigen‐presenting cell (APC). The first method involves the isolation of DCs from mouse spleen, resulting in a cell population that is highly enriched in accessory cell and APC function. A support protocol for collagenase digestion of splenocyte suspensions is described to increase the yield of dendritic cells. The second method involves generating large numbers of DCs from mouse bone marrow progenitor cells. In that technique, bone marrow cells are cultured in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) to yield 5–10 × 106 cells, 60% of which express DC surface markers (e.g., B‐7‐2/CD86). Additional techniques for isolating DCs from mouse spleens or other mouse tissues, as well as from human tissues, are also discussed. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 86:3.7. 1‐3.7. 19. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Neuroanatomical markers of speaking Chinese

The aim of this study was to identify regional structural differences in the brains of native speakers of a tonal language (Chinese) compared to nontonal (European) language speakers. Our expectation was that there would be differences in regions implicated in pitch perception and production. We therefore compared structural brain images in three groups of participants: 31 who were native Chinese speakers; 7 who were native English speakers who had learnt Chinese in adulthood; and 21 European multilinguals who did not speak Chinese. The results identified two brain regions in the vicinity of the right anterior temporal lobe and the left insula where speakers of Chinese had significantly greater gray and white matter density compared with those who did not speak Chinese. Importantly, the effects were found in both native Chinese speakers and European subjects who learnt Chinese as a non‐native language, illustrating that they were language related and not ethnicity effects. On the basis of prior studies, we suggest that the locations of these gray and white matter changes in speakers of a tonal language are consistent with a role in linking the pitch of words to their meaning. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cooperation in Service Systems

We consider a number of servers that may improve the efficiency of the system by pooling their service capacities to serve the union of the individual streams of customers. This economies-of-scope phenomenon is due to the reduction in the steady-state mean total number of customers in the system. The question we pose is how the servers should split among themselves the cost of the pooled system. When the individual incoming streams of customers form Poisson processes and individual service times are exponential, we define a transferable utility cooperative game in which the cost of a coalition is the mean number of customers (or jobs) in the pooled system. We show that, despite the characteristic function is neither monotone nor concave, the game and its subgames possess nonempty cores. In other words, for any subset of servers there exist cost-sharing allocations under which no partial subset can take advantage by breaking away and forming a separate coalition. We give an explicit expression for all (infinitely many) nonnegative core cost allocations of this game. Finally, we show that, except for the case where all individual servers have the same cost, there exist infinitely many core allocations with negative entries, and we show how to construct a convex subset of the core where at least one server is being paid to join the grand coalition.
GRHL3/GET1 and Trithorax Group Members Collaborate to Activate the Epidermal Progenitor Differentiation Program

The antagonistic actions of Polycomb and Trithorax are responsible for proper cell fate determination in mammalian tissues. In the epidermis, a self-renewing epithelium, previous work has shown that release from Polycomb repression only partially explains differentiation gene activation. We now show that Trithorax is also a key regulator of epidermal differentiation, not only through activation of genes repressed by Polycomb in progenitor cells, but also through activation of genes independent of regulation by Polycomb. The differentiation associated transcription factor GRHL3/GET1 recruits the ubiquitously expressed Trithorax complex to a subset of differentiation genes.
Optimization and Reproducibility of Aortic Valve 18F-Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography in Patients With Aortic Stenosis

Background—18F-Fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) can measure disease activity and progression in aortic stenosis. Our objectives were to optimize the methodology, analysis, and scan–rescan reproducibility of aortic valve 18F-fluoride PET-CT imaging. Methods and Results—Fifteen patients with aortic stenosis underwent repeated 18F-fluoride PET-CT. We compared nongated PET and noncontrast CT, with a modified approach that incorporated contrast CT and ECG-gated PET. We explored a range of image analysis techniques, including estimation of blood-pool activity at differing vascular sites and a most diseased segment approach. Contrast-enhanced ECG-gated PET-CT permitted localization of 18F-fluoride uptake to individual valve leaflets. Uptake was most commonly observed at sites of maximal mechanical stress: the leaflet tips and the commissures. Scan–rescan reproducibility was markedly improved using enhanced analysis techniques leading to a reduction in percentage error from ±63% to ±10% (tissue to background ratio MDS mean of 1.55, bias −0.05, limits of agreement −0·20 to +0·11). Conclusions—Optimized 18F-fluoride PET-CT allows reproducible localization of calcification activity to different regions of the aortic valve leaflet and commonly to areas of increased mechanical stress. This technique holds major promise in improving our understanding of the pathophysiology of aortic stenosis and as a biomarker end point in clinical trials of novel therapies. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT02132026.
Signal Detection by Generalized Detector in Compound-Gaussian Noise

This paper handles the problem of detecting signals with known form and structure and unknown or random amplitude and phase in the presence of compound-Gaussian noise with known spectral density in remo- te sensing systems. The generalized detector (GA) based on the generalized approach to signal processing (GASP) in noise is investigated in (1)-(5). The structure of the GA detector is independent of the disturbance amplitude probability density. Based on this result, the threshold setting, which is itself independent on both the noise distribution and the signal parameters, ensures a constant false alarm rate (CFAR). The detection perfor- mance analysis shows that the GA detector outperforms the optimum Neyman-Pearson (NP) receiver and the conventional square-law detector.
Presence of Toxocara spp. eggs in children's recreation areas with varying degrees of access for animals.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The contamination, seasonal and vertical distributions of Toxocara eggs in children's recreation areas were estimated with respect to their accessibility to domestic and stray animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS During autumn 2011 and spring 2012, a total 88 composite samples of soil/sand (300g each) were taken twice, from 2 depths, from 11 sandpits and 11 play areas situated in the city of Łódź, Poland. From the collected material, 528 samples (20g) were tested using the flotation method. Half the sample sites were secured from access to dogs and cats, while the other half were not. RESULTS The difference in the numbers of positive samples from sandpits and playing areas was significant (c 2 = 13.72, p = 0.0002). The highest rate of contamination was observed in poorly-secured play areas (15.8% of positive samples and 1.2 eggs/100 g of soil/sand). The average density of Toxocara eggs in secured play areas was 6 times less than that found in unsecured areas, while secured sandpits were 3 times less contaminated than those unsecured. The contamination rate was similar in autumn 2011 and spring 2012 (6.4% and 6.8%, respectively). An inverse relationship between the sand/soil depth and number of recovered Toxocara eggs was observed. Additionally, other intestinal helminth eggs (Ancylostomidae, Ascaris spp., and Trichuris spp.) and oocysts of Isospora spp. were also detected from soil samples collected from playing fields. CONCLUSIONS The number of Toxocara eggs recovered decreased following fence construction around the examined children's play areas, but it did not sufficiently prevent the contamination by eggs. These data indicate the necessity for educational programmes which should be implemented for the protection of the local child population from zoonotic infection.
Spatial auditory BCI paradigm utilizing N200 and P300 responses

The paper presents our recent results obtained with a new auditory spatial localization based BCI paradigm in which the ERP shape differences at early latencies are employed to enhance the traditional P300 responses in an oddball experimental setting. The concept relies on the recent results in auditory neuroscience showing a possibility to differentiate early anterior contralateral responses to attended spatial sources. Contemporary stimuli-driven BCI paradigms benefit mostly from the P300 ERP latencies in so called “aha-response” settings. We show the further enhancement of the classification results in spatial auditory paradigms by incorporating the N200 latencies, which differentiate the brain responses to lateral, in relation to the subject head, sound locations in the auditory space. The results reveal that those early spatial auditory ERPs boost online classification results of the BCI application. The online BCI experiments with the multi-command BCI prototype support our research hypothesis with the higher classification results and the improved information-transfer-rates.
Exploring Key Concept Paraphrasing Based on Pivot Language Translation for Question Retrieval

Question retrieval in current community-based question answering (CQA) services does not, in general, work well for long and complex queries. One of the main difficulties lies in the word mismatch between queries and candidate questions. Existing solutions try to expand the queries at word level, but they usually fail to consider concept level enrichment. In this paper, we explore a pivot language translation based approach to derive the paraphrases of key concepts. We further propose a unified question retrieval model which integrates the keyconcepts and their paraphrases for the query question. Experimental results demonstrate that the paraphrase enhanced retrieval model significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art models in question retrieval.
The inverted pendulum: A fundamental benchmark in control theory and robotics

For at least fifty years, the inverted pendulum has been the most popular benchmark, among others, for teaching and researches in control theory and robotics. This paper presents the key motivations for the use of that system and explains, in details, the main reflections on how the inverted pendulum benchmark gives an effective and efficient application. Several real experiences, virtual models and web-based remote control laboratories will be presented with emphasis on the practical design implementation of this system. A bibliographical survey of different design control approaches and trendy robotic problems will be presented through applications to the inverted pendulum system. In total, 150 references in the open literature, dating back to 1960, are compiled to provide an overall picture of historical, current and challenging developments based on the stabilization principle of the inverted pendulum.
Atomic force microscopy study of the rabbit skeletal muscle ryanodine receptors in different functional states

Atomic force microscope was applied to investigate the effect of extrinsic phospholipid on the structure of rabbit skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor/calcium release channel (RyR1). In addition, in the presence of extrinsic phospholipid, the height and elasticity of the RyR1s in different functional states were also measured. The results indicate: (i) most of the RyR1s showed a normal structure only in the presence of extrinsic phospholipid; (ii) treatment of the RyR1s with AMP and Ca2+ together could increase their Young’s Modulus but not change their apparent height; (iii) no detectable change in either height or Young’s Modulus of the RyR1s appeared, if the RyR1s were treated with other activators or inhibitors.
Automatically identifying join candidates in the Cairo Genizah

A join is a set of manuscript-fragments that are known to originate from the same original work. The Cairo Genizah is a collection containing approximately 250,000 fragments of mainly Jewish texts discovered in the late 19th century. The fragments are today spread out in libraries and private collections worldwide, and there is an onging effort to document and catalogue all extant fragments.
A 1.3 nJ/b IEEE 802.11ah Fully-Digital Polar Transmitter for IoT Applications

A 1.3 nJ/b IEEE 802.11ah TX for IoT applications is presented. A fully-digital polar architecture consisting of an all-digital PLL-based frequency modulator and an AM-retiming ΔΣ switched-capacitor PA (SC-PA) achieves more than 10× power reduction than state-of-the-art OFDM TXs. Several circuit-design techniques such as LSB truncation error feedback are proposed to efficiently pre-process the AM/PM data to improve the TX performance. A design approach of the SC-PA for optimum overall efficiency is introduced. The PLL spur level is reduced to 55 dBc by a switched-capacitor based digital-to-time converter. A dynamic divider is implemented together with a 1.8 GHz oscillator for efficient LO generation. Fabricated in a 40 nm CMOS process, this TX fulfills all the IEEE 802.11ah mandatory-mode PHY requirements with 4.4% EVM and > 4.8 dB spectral mask margin, while consuming 7.1 mW from a 1 V supply when delivering 0 dBm output power.
The Culturally-Enhanced Videofeedback Engagement (CEVE) Framework: Qualitative findings in families of children with disruptive behavior problems

While cultural competence has been promoted as a way to reduce mental health disparities among ethnic minority populations, there remains a gap between theory and practice. This study examined the use of the Culturally Enhanced Videofeedback Engagement (CEVE) intervention as a clinical tool to facilitate culturally anchored shared understanding to foster treatment engagement among ethnic minority families with children with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) participating in a family clinic. In-depth qualitative analysis of individual interviews compared parents’ experiences of the therapy process among 9 intervention families and 10 families participating in treatment as usual. Thematic analysis of semistructured interviews with parents revealed that for families in the intervention group, clinician cultural and clinical competence and the therapeutic relationship were important characteristics of the intervention condition that enhanced parents’ experience of treatment.
On the Closure of the Completely Positive Semidefinite Cone and Linear Approximations to Quantum Colorings

We investigate structural properties of the completely positive semidefinite cone $\mathcal{CS}_+^n$, consisting of all the $n \times n$ symmetric matrices that admit a Gram representation by positive semidefinite matrices of any size. This cone has been introduced to model quantum graph parameters as conic optimization problems. Recently it has also been used to characterize the set $\mathcal Q$ of bipartite quantum correlations, as projection of an affine section of it. We have two main results concerning the structure of the completely positive semidefinite cone, namely about its interior and about its closure. On the one hand we construct a hierarchy of polyhedral cones which covers the interior of $\mathcal{CS}_+^n$, which we use for computing some variants of the quantum chromatic number by way of a linear program. On the other hand we give an explicit description of the closure of the completely positive semidefinite cone, by showing that it consists of all matrices admitting a Gram representation in the tracial ultraproduct of matrix algebras.
The Handbook of Individual Therapy

The Cultural Context of British Psychotherapy - Colin Feltham PART ONE: THE PSYCHODYNAMIC TRADITION Psychodynamic Therapy: Contemporary Freudian Approach - Jessica Yakeley Psychodynamic Therapy: The Independent Approach - Kevin Jones Psychodynamic Therapy: Jungian and Post-Jungian Approaches - Ann Casement Psychodynamic Therapy: The Kleinian Approach - Julia Segal PART TWO: THE HUMANISTIC-EXISTENTIAL TRADITION Person-Centred Therapy - Mike Worrall Existential Therapy - Emmy van Deurzen Gestalt Therapy - Dave Mann Transactional Analysis - Charlotte Sills PART THREE: THE COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOURAL TRADITION Cognitive Therapy - Stirling Moorey Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy - Windy Dryden Compassion-Focused Therapy - Paul Gilbert and Chris Irons Behavioural Activation - Pierce J. O'Carroll PART FOUR: OTHER SPECIFIC APPROACHES Cognitive Analytic Therapy - Mark Dunn Solution-Focused Therapy - Alasdair J. Macdonald Interpersonal Therapy - Susan Howard PART FIVE: BROADER DEVELOPMENTS IN INDIVIDUAL THERAPY Mindfulness in Individual Therapy - Jody Mardula and Frances Larkin Narrative Therapy - Martin Payne The Transpersonal in Individual Therapy - John Rowan Integrative Therapy - Henry Hollanders Pluralistic Therapy - John McLeod, Julia McLeod, Mick Cooper and Windy Dryden PART SIX: PROFESSIONAL ISSUES Research in Individual Therapy - Andrew Reeves The Training and Supervision of Individual Therapists - Greg Nolan, Jane Macaskie & Bonnie Meekums
A coplanar vivaldi antenna with integrated filter for Ka-band

A new design approach of a dual-stub coplanar Vivaldi antenna with integrated filter is presented. The dual-stub excites coupling between a parasitic elliptical element and tapered slots. The dimensions of the parasitic element are studied and optimized for wide beamwidth. The band pass filter is used for sub harmonic suppression and pattern shaping.
The isochronic band hypothesis and climbing fibre regulation of motricity: an experimental study

The dynamic organization of the olivocerebellar afferent input to Purkinje cells was examined in rat cerebellar cortex. The distribution of synchronous Purkinje cell complex spike activity was characterized, bilaterally, utilizing multiple electrode recordings in crus IIa folium under ketamine anaesthesia. The results confirmed the existence of rostrocaudal complex spike isochronicity bands with a mediolateral width of 500 µm. For a given band, no finer spatial submicrostructures could be discerned at a first‐order approximation (two‐dimensional projection). Closer analysis determined that isochronicity between bands is not continuous in space but demonstrates discrete discontinuities at the mediolateral boundaries. Principal component multivariate analysis revealed that the first principal component of the spatio‐temporal variance is synchronicity along the rostrocaudal band with a decreased level of coupling in the mediolateral direction at the band boundary. Furthermore, this discrete banding isochronicity is organized by the distribution of feedback inhibition from the cerebellar nuclei on to the inferior olive nucleus. The usual multiple band structure can be dynamically altered to a single wide‐band dynamic architecture, or to other patterns of activity, as may be required by movement coordination.
Reducing redundancy in characteristic rule discovery by using integer programming techniques

The discovery of characteristic rules is a well-known data mining task and has lead to several successful applications. However, because of the descriptive nature of characteristic rules, typically a (very) large number of them is discovered during the mining stage. This makes monitoring and control of these rules, in practice, extremely costly and difficult. Therefore, a selection of the most promising subset of rules is desirable. Some heuristic rule selection methods have been proposed in the literature that deal with this issue. In this paper, we propose an integer programming model to solve the problem of optimally selecting the most promising subset of characteristic rules. Moreover, the proposed technique enables to control a user-defined level of overall quality of the model in combination with a maximum reduction of the redundancy extant in the original ruleset. We use real-world data to empirically evaluate the benefits and performance of the proposed technique against the well-known RuleCover heuristic. Results demonstrate that the proposed integer programming techniques are able to significantly reduce the number of retained rules and the level of redundancy in the final ruleset. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the overall quality in terms of the discriminant power of the final ruleset slightly increases if integer programming methods are used.