Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WristRotate: a personalized motion gesture delimiter for wrist-worn devices

In this paper, we present WristRotate, a personalized motion gesture delimiter that enables separation of non-relevant motion from gesture input. In an extensive data collection, we acquired 435.1 hours of smartwatch acceleration data during everyday usage. We implemented a gesture recognition system based on Dynamic Time Warping to partition a stream of accelerometer readings to identify possible gestures and to classify them accordingly. Through our analysis, we were able to identify a gesture that is (1) uncommon in daily life; (2) quick and easy to execute and (3) easily and reliably detectable. The gesture is executed by simply rotating the lower arm and wrist outwards and back inwards (twice).
A Multi-Time-Step Finite Element Algorithm for 3-D Simulation of Coupled Drift-Diffusion Reaction Process in Total Ionizing Dose Effect

In order to study the total ionizing dose degradation and enhanced low dose rate sensitivity effect for semiconductor devices in the space environment, we simulate the drift-diffusion-reaction processes in a 3-dimensional SiO2–Si system. Since the time scale of the drift-diffusion processes is much larger than that of the chemical reaction processes, we use a multi-time-step algorithm to calculate the two types of processes, respectively. In this paper, partial differential equations used to describe the electrodiffusion processes are solved by a finite element method, while the chemical reactions taking place independently in every mesh node are solved as ordinary differential equations. We reproduce qualitative properties of total ionizing dose effect and compare our numerical results with experimental data and other simulation results. This paper paves a way for 3-D simulation of total ionizing dose and enhanced low dose rate sensitivity with high efficiency and robustness.
Reforming and Restructuring the Planning and Building Laws and Regulations in Kenya for Sustainable Development

Like most African countries, Kenya has been urbanizing rapidly. While an estimated 20.4 percent of Kenya’s population lived in urban areas by the year 200, the proportion is estimated to reach 60 percent by the year 2030 (Kenya Vision 2030). This growth is largely due to a high level of rural-urban migration fuelled by rural poverty and a dwindling per capita ownership of farming and grazing land. Fundamental transition from relatively low density rural communities to higher density urban societies is manifested spatially.
Molecular cytogenetic analysis of the breakpoint region at 6q21–22 in T‐cell lymphoma/leukemia cell lines

Chromosome band 6q21 is reported to be one of the most frequent target regions in T‐cell lymphoma for both translocations and deletions. To explore whether the breakpoint clustering in T‐cell malignancy indicates the presence of a common breakpoint region in 6q, we employed fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using various YAC, BAC, and PAC clones aligned at 6q21–22. We identified two T‐cell lymphoma/leukemia cell lines with different differentiation stages that had breakpoints within the same novel gene, TCBA1 (T‐cell lymphoma breakpoint associated target 1). In a T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma cell line, HT‐1, the TCBA1 fused to SUSP1 (SUMO‐1‐specific protease), creating a SUSP1‐TCBA1 chimeric gene. However, in an adult T‐cell leukemia cell line, ATN‐1, no chimeric gene was detected, although aberrant TCBA1 transcripts were produced. We conclude that TCBA1 is a possible target gene for T‐cell lineage‐specific chromosome aberrations at 6q21. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upper extremity fractures in restrained front-seat occupants.

BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to analyze the injury mechanism of upper extremity fractures in car crashes, to create a basis for developing prophylactic devices. METHODS AND RESULTS During 1985-1995, 3,260 restrained car drivers (1,228 front-seat passengers) were injured in 9,380 crashes involving cars. A total of 179 drivers (5.5%) (front-seat passengers: n = 53, 4.3%) sustained fractures of the arm. The hand (25%), wrist (23%), and forearm (23%) were affected most often, and the elbow (9%), upper arm (10%), and shoulder (10%) were seldom affected. No considerable differences of the injury mechanism were found comparing drivers with front-seat passengers. Fractures were mainly caused by head-on collisions (n = 119, 51%) or multiple collisions (n = 78, 34%). In 73% of the crashes (n = 166), delta-v exceeded 30 km/h (18.6 mph). A lower Delta-v resulted mainly in fractures affecting the shoulder and wrist. CONCLUSION Because more than half of the upper extremity fractures resulted from a direct impact to the hand, arm, or both, modifications to improve the energy absorption by padding dashboard and inner door or by additional airbags are promising.
The incidence of local government allocations in Tanzania

Since 1999, Tanzania has been actively pursuing reforms of the way in which the central government finances local government activities. This paper looks at the current incidence of central government allocations to local authorities in Tanzania through: 1) examining of potential problems with the current financing method, 2) showing large variations between local government allocations, and 3) finding that surprisingly what drives t his distribution of resources maybe substantial pro-wealthy and pro-urban tendencies in the way in which central government officials divide public resources across local government units. Members of parliament have expressed concern about the current incidence of local government resources and the discretion that the central government bureaucracy has over local government allocations. In addition, understanding the current incidence of local government finances is crucial as the Government of Tanzania is in the process of considering the introduction of a formula-based system of intergovernmental block grants. A thorough understanding of the current incidence of central-local government allocations will aid in the design of a sound system of formula-based block grants, and will likely also reveal possible political obstacles that the introduction of a new block grant system may face.
Prospects for sustained-yield harvesting of rattan (Calamus spp.) in two Indonesian national parks

Calamus exilis and C. zollingeri are coppicing, clustering rattans that possess characteristics favorable to sustained‐yield cane harvesting in protected areas, including high population densities, year‐round cane availability, minimal adverse effects on other species when harvested, well‐developed trade networks, and strong market demand. Cane resprout and growth rate studies suggest that C. exilis can be repeatedly harvested at four year intervals; a longer, but as yet undetermined interval would be required for repeated C. zollingeri harvesting. Although ecological and economic aspects of C. exilis and C. zollingeri appear promising, sustainable harvesting by local people faces significant social and political constraints, including ill‐defined resource access and tenure arrangements, the absence of local village management organizations and harvesting guidelines, and weak political and economic power of rattan collectors and villages vis a vis outside commercial interests.
Integrated electrokinetic sample fractionation and solid‐phase extraction in microfluidic devices

A microfluidic device that performs “in space” sample fractionation, collection, and preconcentration for proteomics is described. Effluents from a 2.75 mm long fractionation channel, focused via sheath flow, were sequentially delivered into an array of 36‐collection channels containing monolithic polymer beds for SPE. Optimum conditions for the device design, and simultaneous photolytic fabrication of 36 monolithic columns in the 36 channels, as well as for their proper performance in electrokinetic sample fractionation and collection are described. A hydrophobic butyl methacrylate‐based monolithic porous polymer was copolymerized with an ionizable monomer, acryloamido‐methyl‐propane sulfonate, to form a polymer monolith for SPE that also sustains cathodic electroosmotic flow. The SPE bed was made deep enough to greatly reduce the linear flow rate within the bed, in order to compensate for the lower electroosmotic mobility of the cationically charged SPE bed relative to the glass walled device. Under these conditions, electrokinetic fractionation of a protein sample resulted in tightly focused sample zones delivered into each of the 36‐channel polymer beds with no observed crosscontamination. Monolithic columns showed reproducible performance with preconcentration factor of 30 for 2 min loading time. The ability to fractionate, collect, and preconcentrate samples on a microfluidic platform will be especially useful for automated or continuous operation of these devices in proteomics research.
A NON-DOMINATED SORTING ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM APPROACH TO THE BI-OBJECTIVE MULTI-VEHICLE ALLOCATION OF CUSTOMERS TO DISTRIBUTION CENTERS

This paper proposes a mathematical model as the bi-objective capacitated multi-vehicle allocation of customers to distribution centers. An evolutionary algorithm named non-dominated sorting ant colony optimization (NSACO) is used as the optimization tool for solving this problem. The proposed methodology is based on a new variant of ant colony optimization (ACO) specialized in multi-objective optimization problem. To help the decision maker to choose the best compromise solution from the Pareto front, the fuzzy-based mechanism is employed. For ensuring the robustness of the proposed method and giving a practical sense of this study, the computational results are compared with those obtained by NSGA-II. Results show that both NSACO and NSGA-II algorithms can yield an acceptable number of non-dominated solutions. In addition, the results show that while the distribution of solutions in the trade-off surface of both NSACO and NSGA-II algorithms do not differ significantly, NSACO algorithm is more efficient than NSGA-II with regard to optimality, convergence and the CPU time. Also, the results in some small cases are compared with those obtained by LP-metric method. The error percentages of objective functions in comparison to the LP-metric method are less than 2%. Furthermore, it can be seen that with increasing size of the problems, while the time of problem solving increases exponentially by using the LP-metric method, the running time
The GTPase Ypt7p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required on both partner vacuoles for the homotypic fusion step of vacuole inheritance.

In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, vacuoles are inherited by the projection of vesicles and tubules from the mother‐cell vacuole into the growing daughter cell during the S phase. These vesicles then fuse and form the daughter‐cell organelle. We have described previously in vitro reactions of the formation of vacuole‐derived segregation structures and of vacuole‐vacuole fusion. Homotypic vacuole fusion requires cytosol, ATP and a physiological temperature, and is sensitive to GTPase inhibitors. These reactions are divisible into early stages which require ATP and cytosol, and late stages which require neither. Here, we report that Ypt7p, a ras‐like GTPase implicated previously in endocytosis in yeast, is largely localized to the vacuole and is required on both partners during the in vitro vacuole fusion reaction. The in vitro fusion reaction is inhibited either by Gdi1p, which extracts the GDP‐bound form of ras‐like GTPases from membranes, or by antibodies specific for Ypt7p. The presence of anti‐Ypt7p during the early stages of the reaction inhibits the development of cytosol‐ and ATP‐independent intermediates. Although cytosol and ATP are no longer needed for the late stage of vacuole inheritance in vitro, the inhibition of this late stage by anti‐Ypt7p or Gdi1p requires the continued presence of ATP and cytosol. Ypt7p is the first GTPase for which a direct role in organelle inheritance has been established.
Fluorescence excitation spectra of the S1 states of isolated trienes

First observation of fluorescence for simple, linear trienes is reported. S1←S0 fluorescence excitation spectra of hexatriene and octatriene indicate large differences between the S0 and S1 potential energy surfaces. Activation energy of <200 cm−1 for the S1 state nonradiative decay is tentatively ascribed to isomerization.
Application of importance‐performance analysis (IPA) to formulate customer satisfaction strategies in the direct sales industry in Malaysia

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop and formulate marketing strategies by utilizing the importance‐performance analysis (IPA) which is an easy‐to‐use analytical technique that offers prescriptions for the management of customer satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach – Based on a survey from 400 direct sales channel customers, the findings suggest that the ratings and rankings of attributes were largely determined by the methods utilized to measure the attributes' importance.Findings – The results of IPA presented by the current investigation reflect that the matrix is sensitive to the importance measure used.Research limitations/implications – This paper focuses on the Malaysian direct sales industry and concentrates only on application of importance‐performance analysis (IPA) to formulate customer satisfaction strategies.Practical implications – The results have important implications for future research directions and business strategy practice.Originality/value – This study is perhaps t.
Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma: problems in the diagnosis and management of a malignant tumour with bland histological appearance

Aims: To review the clinicopathological features and highlight the problems in the diagnosis and management of low grade fibromyxoid sarcomas (LGFMS). Methods: Three cases of LGFMS were studied with histology and immunohistochemistry, and cytogenetics in one. The features and problems were compared with those in the literature. Results: Two LGFMS had typical fibrotic and myxoid patterns showing abrupt transition from one to the other. Cellularity was low to moderate. Nuclei were medium sized and regular. In one of these the correct diagnosis was not made in the original needle biopsy resulting in inappropriate management. In the third tumour only myxoid areas were seen and the diagnosis was supported by cytogenetics showing a complex previously unreported translocation, t(7;18;16). One tumour recurred, one metastasised, and one has possible metastasis on imaging of the lungs. Conclusion: LGFMS is a tumour with low grade histological features but a high risk of local recurrence and a significant risk of metastasis which can be very late. There should be a high index of suspicion for this rare tumour and a low threshold for sending tissue for cytogenetics and/or molecular genetics. Special precautions should be exercised in the interpretation of small biopsies of a spindle cell lesion with bland cytological features in children. If the diagnosis is unclear there must be a detailed follow up plan with a person responsible for monitoring the plan.
Relationship among Brain and Blood Glucose Levels and Spontaneous and Glucoprivic Feeding

Although several studies implicate small declines in blood glucose levels as stimulus for spontaneous meal initiation, no mechanism is known for how these dips might initiate feeding. To assess the role of ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) (arcuate plus ventromedial nucleus) glucosensing neurons as potential mediators of spontaneous and glucoprivic feeding, meal patterns were observed, and blood and VMH microdialysis fluid were sampled in 15 rats every 10 min for 3.5 h after dark onset and 2 h after insulin (5 U/kg, i.v.) infusion. Blood glucose levels declined by 11% beginning ∼5 min before 65% of all spontaneous meals, with no fall in VMH levels. After insulin, blood and VMH glucose reached nadirs by 30–40 min, and the same rats ate 60% faster and spent 84% more time eating during the ensuing hypoglycemia. Although 83% of first hypoglycemic meals were preceded by 5 min dips in VMH (but not blood) glucose levels, neither blood nor VMH levels declined before second meals, suggesting that low glucose, rather than changing levels, was the stimulus for glucoprivic meals. Furthermore, altering VMH glucosensing by raising or lowering glucokinase (GK) activity failed to affect spontaneous feeding, body or adipose weights, or glucose tolerance. However, chronic depletion by 26–70% of VMH GK mRNA reduced glucoprivic feeding. Thus, although VMH glucosensing does not appear to be involved in either spontaneous feeding or long-term body-weight regulation, it does participate in glucoprivic feeding, similar to its role in the counter-regulatory neurohumoral responses to glucoprivation.
The use of “alphas” to improve performance*

r % 86 P T heory is an abstraction from reality. If it becomes too abstract, then its only value is as an intellectual exercise or, perhaps, as a path that may lead to new insights that do relate more directly to reality. Roll’s criticism of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the whole controversy over whether beta is dead have led practitioners and scholars to wonder if the whole concept has any use in the real world. If, as a practical matter, we are unable to measure the return on the market portfolio and, consequently, are unable to provide accurate estimates of alpha and beta, we are like the emperor whose new clothes were elegant but did not in fact exist. The purpose of this paper is to show that alpha coefficients can provide useful information to investors even if the capital . asset pricing model ultimately proves to be valueless as a description of equilibrium. Furthermore, I shall show that these concepts are useful even if the following two critical assumptions of the CAPM are invalid: (a) that there are no transaction costs and (b) that investors have homogeneous expectations. I will show here that properly calculated alphas provide a relatively inexpensive screening device to identify potential additions to or deletions from an existing portfolio. The approach is specifically designed, in fact, for a world where investors hold portfolios different from the market and are always interested in portfolio changes that would improve expected return or reduce perceived risks.
The International Response to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: Science, Policy and Politics

Over the last decade, the avian influenza virus, H5N1, has spread across most of Asia and Europe and parts of Africa. In some countries – including Indonesia, China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Nigeria and Egypt – the avian disease has probably become endemic. There has, as yet, been no human pandemic, although 245 deaths have been reported since 2003. A major international response has been launched, backed by over $2 billion of public money. Huge numbers of poultry have been culled, vaccination campaigns have been implemented and markets have been restructured. These efforts have affected the livelihoods and businesses of millions. In addition, substantial efforts have been invested in improving human and animal health systems, combined with major investments in drug and vaccine development. Detailed contingency and preparedness plans have been devised in case a pandemic occurs. This paper asks: what lessons can we learn from this experience, and what does this mean for future efforts to respond to emerging infectious diseases under the One World, One Health initiative? The paper explores three core narratives that have shaped the response: one focuses on veterinary issues, another on human public health and a third on pandemic preparedness. All have common characteristics, emphasising outbreak control and containment. Missing dimensions are identified, including a lack of attention to underlying disease drivers, issues of poverty and equity and broader questions of access and governance. The paper examines how discourses of security and risk pervade the discussions, affecting how the response has played out. The paper concludes with a discussion of the emerging challenges, including the implications for organisational architectures, professional training and programme implementation.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of the Gene Coding for the Aerobic Azoreductase from Xenophilus azovorans KF46F

ABSTRACT The gene coding for an aerobic azoreductase was cloned from Xenophilus azovorans KF46F (formerly Pseudomonas sp. strain KF46F), which was previously shown to grow with the carboxylated azo compound 1-(4′-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol (carboxy-Orange II) as the sole source of carbon and energy. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded a protein with a molecular weight of 30,278 and showed no significant homology to amino acid sequences currently deposited at the relevant data bases. A presumed NAD(P)H-binding site was identified in the amino-terminal region of the azoreductase. The enzyme was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and the azoreductase activities of resting cells and cell extracts were compared. The results suggested that whole cells of the recombinant E. coli strains were unable to take up sulfonated azo dyes and therefore did not show in vivo azoreductase activity. The turnover of several industrially relevant azo dyes by cell extracts from the recombinant E. coli strain was demonstrated.
2D simulation and visualization of tumour growth based on discrete mathematical models

The aim of this paper is to present a two-dimensional simulation tool based on several mathematical models, visualizing the growth and development of a solid tumour in avascular growth phase, vascular growth phase and the progress of angiogenesis. The avascular tumour remains in a diffusion-limited state of a few millimeters in diameter, while during vascularized phase, tumour cell proliferating rapidly and being able to invade the surrounding host tissue and blood system. Tumour-induced angiogenesis, the growth of a capillary network of blood vessels from a pre-existing vasculature, provides the crucial link between the two stages. Under different molecular mechanisms, this discrete model demonstrates several important factors affecting tumour growth at each stage. The simulation results are presented in two-dimensional combined with quantitatively surveyed. The long-term goal of this work is to develop a multicellular engine for precisely simulating and visualizing the insight into cancer biology.
Effect of Intensive Winter Management, Partial Season Grazing, and Sorting on Performance and Economics of a Long Yearling Steer Production System1

A 2-yr study (200 steers/yr) was conducted to evaluate effects of grazing management and sorting by BW at feedlot entry on performance and economics of yearling steers. At receiving, steers (247 ± 21 kg) were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 treatments: low (0.75 kg/d, NORM) or high (0.90 kg/d, INT) gains during backgrounding. After wintering, NORM and INT grazed native range for 128 and 78 d, respectively. At feedlot entry, steers were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 treatments: sorted by BW (25% heavy, 50% medium, or 25% light; SORT) or unsorted (UNSORT). Heavy, medium, light, and UNSORT steers were fed for 78, 100, 115, and 92 d, respectively. At feedlot entry, NORM was 10 kg heavier than INT (P < 0.01); however, final BW was not different (P = 0.52). Compared with INT, NORM had increased (P < 0.01) marbling scores; however, NORM had smaller LM area (P < 0.01). At the end of the winter period (P < 0.01) and at harvest (P < 0.01), NORM was more profitable. However, INT was more profitable at the end of summer grazing (P < 0.01). Sorting increased final BW (P = 0.02) due to increased days fed (P < 0.01). Sorting reduced overweight carcasses by 8.1 percentage units (P < 0.01). Sorting produced no significant difference in profitability (P = 0.13). In this study, management of steers before feedlot entry affected subsequent performance and profitability. Additionally, SORT increased final BW and reduced overweight carcasses but did not change profitability.