Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An interference avoidance power control algorithm based on game theory

Recently many papers proposed some game model for spectrum leasing in cognitive radio. But some of them just consider that how primary users manage the leasing spectrum, some of them just consider that how the secondary users to do their best to use the spectrum efficiency. So we propose a game model combining the advantages of their model and algorithm. In our model, the primary users manage the leasing spectrum to get the interest and prevent undermining through set their interference cap and leasing price. And the secondary users adjust the interference price so that the network can get the global optimum. The simulation shows that the algorithm has good astringency. The proposed algorithm solve the problems that the secondary users always are the optimum themselves not global optimum.
Sexual Aggression and Pornography: A Review of Correlational Research

Ongoing concern about effects of sexually explicit materials includes the role of such material in sex offenses. issues include sex offenders' experiences with pornography and the link between pornography and sex crime rates. Review of the literature shows that sex offenders typically do not have earlier or more unusual exposure to pornography in childhood or adolescence, compared to nonoffenders. However, a minority of offenders report current use of pornography in their offenses. Rape rates are not consistently associated with pornography circulation, and the relationships found are ambiguous. Findings are consistent with a social learning view of pornography, but not with the view that sexually explicit materials in general contribute directly to sex crimes. The effort to reduce sex offenses should focus on types of experiences and backgrounds applicable to a larger number of offenders.
Incremental penetration depth estimation between convex polytopes using dual-space expansion

We present a fast algorithm to estimate the penetration depth between convex polytopes in 3D. The algorithm incrementally seeks a "locally optimal solution" by walking on the surface of the Minkowski sums. The surface of the Minkowski sums is computed implicitly by constructing a local dual mapping on the Gauss map. We also present three heuristic techniques that are used to estimate the initial features used by the walking algorithm. We have implemented the algorithm and compared its performance with earlier approaches. In our experiments, the algorithm is able to estimate the penetration depth in about a milli-second on an 1 GHz Pentium PC. Moreover, its performance is almost independent of model complexity in environments with high coherence between successive instances.
Interstitial cells of Cajal in the urethra

The smooth muscle layer of the urethra generates spontaneous mayogenic tone that is thougth to make a major contibution to urinary continence. The mechanisms underlying generion of tone remin unclear, however recent studies from our laboratory highlighted a role for a specialised population of pacemake cells which we originally referrd ot as interstitil cells (IC) and now term ICC. Urethra ICC possess an electrical pacemaker mechanism charactriesd by rhythmic activation of Ca2+‐activated C1‐ Channels leading to spotaneous transient inward currents (STICs) under voltage clamp and spontaneous transient deplarisations (STDs) under surrent clamp conditons. Both STICS and STDs are now known to be associated with spntaneous Ca2+ under current clamp conditons. Both STIC and STDs are now known to be associated with spontaneius Ca2+ oscillations that result from a complex interplay between releas fo Ca2+ from intracellular stores and Ca2+ influx acrosss the plasma membrane. Ink this review we will consider some of the precise mechanisms involved in the generation of paccemake activity and discuss how these are modulated by excitatory and inhibitory neurotrnsmiters.
Design and realization of a modular architecture for textual entailment

Abstract A key challenge at the core of many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks is the ability to determine which conclusions can be inferred from a given natural language text. This problem, called the Recognition of Textual Entailment (RTE), has initiated the development of a range of algorithms, methods, and technologies. Unfortunately, research on Textual Entailment (TE), like semantics research more generally, is fragmented into studies focussing on various aspects of semantics such as world knowledge, lexical and syntactic relations, or more specialized kinds of inference. This fragmentation has problematic practical consequences. Notably, interoperability among the existing RTE systems is poor, and reuse of resources and algorithms is mostly infeasible. This also makes systematic evaluations very difficult to carry out. Finally, textual entailment presents a wide array of approaches to potential end users with little guidance on which to pick. Our contribution to this situation is the novel EXCITEMENT architecture, which was developed to enable and encourage the consolidation of methods and resources in the textual entailment area. It decomposes RTE into components with strongly typed interfaces. We specify (a) a modular linguistic analysis pipeline and (b) a decomposition of the ‘core’ RTE methods into top-level algorithms and subcomponents. We identify four major subcomponent types, including knowledge bases and alignment methods. The architecture was developed with a focus on generality, supporting all major approaches to RTE and encouraging language independence. We illustrate the feasibility of the architecture by constructing mappings of major existing systems onto the architecture. The practical implementation of this architecture forms the EXCITEMENT open platform. It is a suite of textual entailment algorithms and components which contains the three systems named above, including linguistic-analysis pipelines for three languages (English, German, and Italian), and comprises a number of linguistic resources. By addressing the problems outlined above, the platform provides a comprehensive and flexible basis for research and experimentation in textual entailment and is available as open source software under the GNU General Public License.
Bending the rules: bend gesture classification for flexible displays

Bend gestures have a large number of degrees of freedom and therefore offer a rich interaction language. We propose a classification scheme for bend gestures, and explore how users perform these bend gestures along four classification criterion: location, direction, size, and angle. We collected 36 unique bend gestures performed three times by each participant. The results suggest a strong agreement among participants for preferences of location and direction. Size and angle were difficult for users to differentiate. Finally, users performed and perceived two distinct levels of magnitude. We propose recommendations for designing bend gestures with flexible displays.
Investigational ABC transporter inhibitors

Introduction: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main cause of failure in cancer therapy. One mechanism responsible for MDR is the active efflux of drugs by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Several agents have been developed to block transporter-mediated drug efflux and some of these compounds have entered Phase II/III clinical testing. Evidence is also emerging of the role played by ABC transporters in cancer cell signalling that is likely to be important in disease progression and which is distinct from MDR. Areas covered: This article reviews current literature to analyse the rationale for targeting ABC transporters in cancer. Preclinical and clinical results of ABC transporter inhibitors in early clinical trials, as single agents or in combination with other drugs, are described. The development of new strategies to target MDR and the emerging roles of ABC transporters in cancer signalling are discussed. Expert opinion: The intense active search for safe and effective inhibitors of ABC transporters has led to some success in MDR reversal in preclinical studies. However, there has been little impact on clinical outcome. The discovery of novel, potent and nontoxic inhibitors as well as new treatment strategies is therefore needed.
Nitrogen Fixation Associated with the New Zealand Mangrove (Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. var. resinifera (Forst. f.) Bakh.)

Nitrogenase activity in mangrove forests at two locations in the North Island, New Zealand, was measured by acetylene reduction and 15N2 uptake. Nitrogenase activity (C2H2 reduction) in surface sediments 0 to 10 mm deep was highly correlated (r = 0.91, n = 17) with the dry weight of decomposing particulate organic matter in the sediment and was independent of light. The activity was not correlated with the dry weight of roots in the top 10 mm of sediment (r = −0.01, n = 13). Seasonal and sample variation in acetylene reduction rates ranged from 0.4 to 50.0 μmol of C2H4 m−2 h−1 under air, and acetylene reduction was depressed in anaerobic atmospheres. Nitrogen fixation rates of decomposing leaves from the surface measured by 15N2 uptake ranged from 5.1 to 7.8 nmol of N2 g (dry weight)−1 h−1, and the mean molar ratio of acetylene reduced to nitrogen fixed was 4.5:1. Anaerobic conditions depressed the nitrogenase activity in decomposing leaves, which was independent of light. Nitrogenase activity was also found to be associated with pneumatophores. This activity was light dependent and was probably attributable to one or more species of Calothrix present as an epiphyte. Rates of activity were generally between 100 and 500 nmol of C2H4 pneumatophore−1 h−1 in summer, but values up to 1,500 nmol of C2H4 pneumatophore−1 h−1 were obtained.
The DaCapo benchmarks: java benchmarking development and analysis

Since benchmarks drive computer science research and industry product development, which ones we use and how we evaluate them are key questions for the community. Despite complex runtime tradeoffs due to dynamic compilation and garbage collection required for Java programs, many evaluations still use methodologies developed for C, C++, and Fortran. SPEC, the dominant purveyor of benchmarks, compounded this problem by institutionalizing these methodologies for their Java benchmark suite. This paper recommends benchmarking selection and evaluation methodologies, and introduces the DaCapo benchmarks, a set of open source, client-side Java benchmarks. We demonstrate that the complex interactions of (1) architecture, (2) compiler, (3) virtual machine, (4) memory management, and (5) application require more extensive evaluation than C, C++, and Fortran which stress (4) much less, and do not require (3). We use and introduce new value, time-series, and statistical metrics for static and dynamic properties such as code complexity, code size, heap composition, and pointer mutations. No benchmark suite is definitive, but these metrics show that DaCapo improves over SPEC Java in a variety of ways, including more complex code, richer object behaviors, and more demanding memory system requirements. This paper takes a step towards improving methodologies for choosing and evaluating benchmarks to foster innovation in system design and implementation for Java and other managed languages.
Angiogenic Factors in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Astrocytic Brain Tumors

OBJECTIVE:Gliomas account for most primary brain tumors in adults, and survival correlates with the grade and vascularity of the tumor. The degree of tumor-related angiogenesis seems to be a significant predictor of tumor progression, recurrence, and metastatic spread in a variety of malignant diseases, including brain tumors. Our study’s objective was to quantify the levels of two angiogenic factors, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients with gliomas and to correlate these levels with tumor grade, vascularity, and overall survival. METHODS:Twenty-six patients with the diagnosis of cerebral glioma (19 high-grade, 7 low-grade) comprised the study group. Ten patients with communicating hydrocephalus served as controls. Levels of VEGF and bFGF in the CSF and serum were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. Tumor vascularity was graded qualitatively using immunohistochemical staining for CD34. Nonparametric statistical techniques were used for data analysis. RESULTS:Median levels of bFGF and VEGF in the CSF were significantly higher in patients with high-grade glioma as compared with patients with low-grade glioma or hydrocephalus (bFGF levels, 52, 26, and 24 ng/ml, respectively, P < 0.0001; VEGF levels, 17.6, 7.2, and 8.3 ng/ml, respectively, P < 0.005). A significant correlation was found comparing CSF levels of bFGF with levels of VEGF (P < 0.001). The levels of the angiogenic factors in the CSF correlated with the degree of tumor vascularity and were adversely associated with patient survival. Serum levels of the angiogenic factors showed no correlation to tumor grade, vascularity, or survival. CONCLUSION:Our data suggest that CSF levels of bFGF and VEGF may serve as an additional marker for tumor grading and vascularity and may help predict survival.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor gemigliptin protects against vascular calcification in an experimental chronic kidney disease and vascular smooth muscle cells

Although dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, a class of antidiabetic drugs, have various pleiotropic effects, it remains undetermined whether gemigliptin has a beneficial effect on vascular calcification. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the effect of gemigliptin on vascular calcification in a rat model of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease and in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Gemigliptin attenuated calcification of abdominal aorta and expression of RUNX2 in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease rats. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, phosphate-induced increase in calcium content was reduced by gemigliptin. Gemigliptin reduced phosphate-induced PiT-1 mRNA expression, reactive oxygen species generation, and NADPH oxidase mRNA expression (p22phox and NOX4). The reduction of oxidative stress by gemigliptin was associated with the downregulation of phospho-PI3K/AKT expression. High phosphate increased the expression of frizzled-3 (FDZ3) and decreased the expression of dickkopf-related protein-1 (DKK-1) in the Wnt pathway. These changes were attenuated by gemigliptin treatment. Gemigliptin restored the decreased expression of vascular smooth muscle cells markers (α-SMA and SM22α) and increased expression of osteogenic makers (CBFA1, OSX, E11, and SOST) induced by phosphate. In conclusion, gemigliptin attenuated vascular calcification and osteogenic trans-differentiation in vascular smooth muscle cells via multiple steps including downregulation of PiT-1 expression and suppression of reactive oxygen species generation, phospho-PI3K/AKT, and the Wnt signaling pathway.
Proving thread termination

Concurrent programs are often designed such that certain functions executing within critical threads must terminate. Examples of such cases can be found in operating systems, web servers, e-mail clients, etc. Unfortunately, no known automatic program termination prover supports a practical method of proving the termination of threads. In this paper we describe such a procedure. The procedure's scalability is achieved through the use of environment models that abstract away the surrounding threads. The procedure's accuracy is due to a novel method of incrementally constructing environment abstractions. Our method finds the conditions that a thread requires of its environment in order to establish termination by looking at the conditions necessary to prove that certain paths through the thread represent well-founded relations if executed in isolation of the other threads. The paper gives a description of experimental results using an implementation of our procedureon Windows device drivers and adescription of a previously unknown bug found withthe tool.
Salicylates Inhibit T Cell Adhesion on Endothelium Under Nonstatic Conditions: Induction of L-Selectin Shedding by a Tyrosine Kinase-Dependent Mechanism

Salicylates inhibit T cell adhesion to and transmigration through endothelium by preventing integrin activation induced by contact with endothelial cells. In the present study the effects of aspirin and sodium salicylate on the first steps of T cell adhesion have been analyzed in a nonstatic in vitro system. Salicylates partially reduced adhesion to activated endothelium and, in parallel, L-selectin expression on resting T cells by inducing shedding of the molecule without affecting its mRNA transcript. The role of L-selectin down-regulation in reducing T cell adhesion in this system was supported by the fact that aspirin inhibited T cell adhesion also on plastic-immobilized L-selectin ligand or when α4 integrin-mediated adhesion to endothelium was blocked by specific mAbs. In addition, preincubation of T cells with inhibitors of L-selectin shedding prevented both functional and phenotypic inhibitory effects of salicylates. The decrease in T cell adhesion and L-selectin expression seems to be dependent on intracellular calcium increase and tyrosine kinase activation, because these effects could be reversed by preincubating salicylate-treated T cells with EGTA, genistein, or tyrphostin. Finally, the infusion of aspirin into healthy volunteers induced down-regulation of L-selectin on circulating T cells. These results suggest that salicylates interfere not only with integrin activation, but also with the L-selectin-mediated first steps of T cell binding to endothelium.
Deciding to leave but staying: teacher burnout, precursors and turnover

Changing jobs or professions, which is one reported behavioural outcome of teacher burnout (Lee and Asforth, 1990), is a logical method of escape. Unfortunately, large percentages of teachers who suffer burnout remain in their positions (Jackson et al ., 1986; Watts and Short, 1990) and may negatively affect the educational process. If the potential negative effects of burnout are to be avoided, it is necessary to identify behaviours that may serve as precursors to burnout. A model is presented here that incorporates a direct comparison between an employee's capacity and job demands (Jaques, 1961). The behaviours resulting from these comparisons are unique and may serve as precursors to the more intense attitudinal and behavioural outcomes associated with burnout (Cherniss, 1980a, 1980b; Maslach and Jackson, 1981, 1986). In addition, each unique behaviour (Jaques, 1961) represents an opportunity to manage turnover better and to intervene in the burnout process.
Improving the complement / adjunct distinction in CCGbank

One of the challenges of adapting the Penn Treebank for a specific formalism is that the target annotation often requires information represented imperfectly or not at all in the original corpus. When this occurs, the information must either be guessed with heuristics, or annotated manually. Recently, a third option has become available, due to the release of resources that supplement the Penn Treebank, such as the predicate-argument annotation provided by PropBank. In this paper, we discuss how such supplementary resources can be used to correct resources acquired from the Penn Treebank before they were available. We describe how we use the PropBank annotation to correct the complement and adjunct labels in CCGbank, producing cleaner, more consistent annotation. We also demonstrate that the new corpus can still be accurately reproduced by a statistical parser.
The impact of workplace learning on job satisfaction in small US commercial banks

Purpose – This study aims to examine workplace learning and job satisfaction in small, commercial US banks.Design/methodology/approach – Survey data collection with correlational procedure.Findings – The study found a statistically significant relationship between the workplace learning variables and the job satisfaction variables.Research limitations/implications – Furthers the linkages between the opportunities for learning in the workplace with how satisfied employees are with their jobs. Also establishes the importance of informal and incidental learning, rather than formal learning.Practical implications – Emphasizes the need for managers to make learning opportunities available to enhance overall job satisfaction. In addition, helps place the need for expenditures on non‐formal learning, not just formal learning where all the money is usually spent.Originality/value – Few studies have looked at the role of workplace learning in small businesses. Very few have linked workplace learning to the things .
T Cell Homeostasis

We developed a novel experimental strategy to study T cell regeneration after bone marrow transplantation. We assessed the fraction of competent precursors required to repopulate the thymus and quantified the relationship between the size of the different T cell compartments during T cell maturation in the thymus. The contribution of the thymus to the establishment and maintenance of the peripheral T cell pools was also quantified. We found that the degree of thymus restoration is determined by the availability of competent precursors and that the number of double-positive thymus cells is not under homeostatic control. In contrast, the sizes of the peripheral CD4 and CD8 T cell pools are largely independent of the number of precursors and of the number of thymus cells. Peripheral “homeostatic” proliferation and increased export and/or survival of recent thymus emigrants compensate for reduced T cell production in the thymus. In spite of these reparatory processes, mice with a reduced number of mature T cells in the thymus have an increased probability of peripheral T cell deficiency, mainly in the naive compartment.
Multi-objective Mapping for NoC Architectures

In order to improve the performance of current embedded systems, Network -on-Chip (NoC) offers many advantages, especially in terms of flexibility and low cost. Applications require more and more intensive computations, especially multimedia applications such as video encoding. Developing product and application using such an architecture offers many challenges and opportunities. Many tools will be required to develop a NoC architecture for a specific application. A tool which can map and schedule an application or a set of applications to a given NoC architecture will be essential and must be able to satisfy many relative trade-offs (real-time, performance, low power consumption, time to market, re-usability, cost, area, etc). In this paper, we survey most approaches used to solve this problem with different goals. We then describe our approach based on a genetic algorithm and its implementation and its design objective.