Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Misspelling Intelligent Analysis Approach for Correcting Misspelled Words in English Text

This paper proposes an innovative MIA (Misspelling Intelligent Analysis) approach for efficient detection and intelligent correction of misspelled words. An integrity spelling correction approach is needed to consider both non-word errors and real-word errors. The MIA approach takes advantage of word frequency statistics, lexicon data, character distance and conditional probability for ranking suggestions of each misspelling having non-word errors. Drawing upon the context information, the overall score or probability is calculated and regarded as an access key for real-word errors correction in the MIA approach. Especially, features compensation and combination are provided so as to improve the accuracy of real-word errors correction in the articles of Chinese students. Finally, the experiments show that the MIA approach is capable of providing a better performance of error detection, discrimination and correction than current methods of dealing with misspelled words.
Human-Robot Interaction and Future Industrial Robotics Applications

Industrial robots, designed for performing operations quickly, repeatedly and accurately have a long heritage in the manufacturing industry, operating in relatively static environments and in large numbers. Trends in the oil and gas industry to improve safety and efficiency and reduce environmental impact suggest the use of industrial robotics. New developments in regions difficult or dangerous for humans to work in could be enabled with maintenance, inspection and repairs carried out by remotely-controlled industrial robots. This new application area highlights some difficulties with today’s robots, as they do not adapt well to dynamic environments, do not offer rich human-robot interaction and are not simple for end-users to program. In addition, the oil and gas context presents a challenging work environment for robots as they are exposed to variable and often extreme weather and need to be safe for use alongside explosive hydrocarbons. As robots are introduced, issues of trust and accountability come to the fore as well as how they fit into organisational structures. If robots have too little autonomy, human operators will waste time attending to robots instead of attending to their work tasks. If robots are highly autonomous, situational awareness of plant activity is diminished. A balance needs to be struck to find a level of autonomy suitable for the task, the realistic capabilities of the automation, and the need to actively engage human operators in a constructive fashion. These issues also relate to what form the interface takes for remote or co-located robot control, as well as how information and activity is represented for remote operators. The contribution of this paper is a discussion of issues relating to human-robot interaction for future industrial robotics, in particular for the oil and gas industry.
Determination of the mechanical properties of metallic thin ® lms and substrates from indentation tests

A procedure to obtain the elasto-plastic mechanical properties of strainhardening materials from indentation tests, based on dimensional analysis and ®nite-element techniques, is proposed. The method is applicable to homogeneous materials and to coatings deposited on substrates of known mechanical properties. The Young’s modulus of the material is extracted from the initial slope of the unloading indentation curve and the yield strength and strainhardening exponent are obtained from the maximum indentation load and the contact area after unloading. The method is used to obtain the properties of a high-alloy steel and Mo and AlSi coatings deposited on a steel substrate by plasma spraying. The sensitivity of the measurement to the depth of indentation is discussed. }
The Evolution of Kidney Function in the Neritacea (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia)

1. The marine form Nerita fulgurans is unable to osmoregulate, and regulates ions only to a very minor degree. The kidney plays no part in controlling the ionic or osmotic composition of the haemolymph. 2. The freshwater neritid Neritina latissima produces a dilute urine. Salts are removed from the urine by the glandular part of the kidney. The composition of haemolymph in the freshwater Theodoxus fluviatilis has been analysed. It contains surprisingly little calcium. 3. Observations on terrestrial species of Eutrochatella and Alcadia showed that these snails all produce a dilute urine. The site of salt reabsorption is not clear, but the results indicate that it may be reabsorbed by the glandular part of the kidney, the bladder, and also by the mantle epithelium. The haemolymph of the terrestrial species is similar in composition to that of Theodoxus . 4. The renal systems of marine, freshwater and terrestrial neritaceans are compared. Without much gross structural reorganization from the marine species, the Kidney of the freshwater forms have been developed into organs for reabsorbing salts from the urine. The terrestrial species have probably evolved from these freshwater ones, and have retained the production of a dilute urine; this is certainly appropriate because they live in very damp environments.
Do Resource Room Teachers Have Sufficient Planning Time

Special education directors were surveyed to determine the amount of planning time special educators have in their district and what tasks they are expected to accomplish during that time. Although teachers who work in districts that use inclusionary models such as consultation and team teaching have no more planning time than those who work only in resource room models, they are expected to perform more tasks during planning time. These tasks include meeting with multidisciplinary teams, evaluating students for placement, and conducting inservice.
Social Order and Disorder of Street Blocks and Neighborhoods: Ecology, Microecology, and the Systemic Model of Social Disorganization

Bursik and Grasmick's recently reformulated, ecologically oriented systemic model of neighborhood disorder explicitly recognizes three levels of informal social control: private (family and close friends), parochial (based on nearby acquaintances), and public (between neighborhoods and external agents and agencies). Recent research suggests that the model deserves further articulation at the parochial level. The author proposes developing the parochial level of informal social control in the following three ways: by recognizing within-neighborhood variations in informal social control and responses to disorder; by acknowledging the central importance of street blocks as durable features of the everyday environment connecting residents to broader ecological dynamics in their neighborhood; and by developing microecological principles, analogous to human ecological principles, to help us understand connections between street block and community-level ecological dynamics. The proposed perspective links ecological and community psychological perspectives with social disorganization processes to clarify spatial and temporal variations in the collective psychogeography of resident-based control.
Psychology as a profession and a science: The change from EFPPA to EFPA

The European Association of Psychologists’ Associations (EFPA) was created in 1981 as the European Association of Professional Psychologists’ Associations (EFPPA). We show that Shakespeare’s dictum “What’s in a name? ” does not apply here and that the loss of the “first P” (the adjectival “professional”) was resisted for almost two decades and experienced by many as a serious loss. We recount some of the deliberations preceding the change and place these in a broader historical context by drawing parallels with similar developments elsewhere. Much of the argument will refer to an underlying controversy between psychology as a science and the practice of psychology, a controversy that is stronger than in most other sciences, but nevertheless needs to be resolved.
Robust cooperative relay beamforming for cognitive radio networks

This paper considers a cognitive radio (CR) relay network which consists of a cognitive source, a cognitive destination and a number of cognitive relay nodes that share spectrum with a primary transmitter and receiver. The cognitive source is unable to communicate directly with the cognitive destination and hence uses cognitive relay nodes to create a link to the cognitive destination. Under the assumption of partial and imperfect channel state information (CSI), we propose a new robust cooperative cognitive relay beamformer that maximises the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) at the cognitive destination subject to a primary receiver outage probability constraint. We show that the robust beamforming problem can be stated as convex semidefinite program (SDP).
In-hand manipulation using three-stages open loop pivoting

In this paper we propose a method for pivoting an object held by a parallel gripper, without requiring accurate dynamical models or advanced hardware. Our solution uses the motion of the robot arm for generating inertial forces to move the object. It also controls the rotational friction at the pivoting point by commanding a desired distance to the gripper's fingers. This method relies neither on fast and precise tracking systems to obtain the position of the tool, nor on real-time and high-frequency controllable robotic grippers to quickly adjust the finger distance. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method by applying it on a Baxter robot.
Sampling energy consumption in wireless sensor networks

Knowing available energy in each part of a wireless sensor networks (WSN) is undoubtedly essential information. A simple approach to achieve this would be for sensor nodes to periodically report to the sink node on their available energy. This approach is expensive however in terms of energy consumption. In this work we apply several sampling techniques for obtaining such information in WSNs. The results show our samples are representative and the energy map may be satisfactorily built using information from a single subgroup of nodes hence leading to important energy savings
Repensando a escolha racional e a teoria da agência: fazendeiros de gado e capatazes no século XIX

The article explores the value and limits of agency theory by comparing relations between ranchers and their managers in Rio Grande do Sul and Buenos Aires during the first few decades of the 19th century. Agency theory and the rational choice perspective are based on a deficient theory of action, assuming presocial actors who use a universal rationality to choose the most effective behaviors for attaining their objectives. Even so, agency theory is useful for identifying central dilemmas in the principal-agent relationship and for delimiting the set of viable solutions. As actors generally do not try to optimize their choices, but instead look for satisfactory solutions for the problems they encounter, only history and culture explain the "choice" of one viable arrangement and not another. Context and experience are internalized as habitus and practical consciousness, which shape the definition of problems and strategies for solving them. The ranchers studied here approached similar questions of agency in different ways. Part of this was due to divergent contexts, but much of it was related to their distinct habitus, stemming from the origin of the Argentine rancher in the colonial merchant class, lacking rural experience, and the origin of the Brazilian rancher in an elite of military officers and ranchers, dependent on the state. In both cases, repeated interaction through time led to important changes in the relationship between rancher and manager that are difficult for rational choice approaches to explain.
Peer-Led Discussion: Who is the Learner and Who is the Teacher in the Online Learning Environment?

In this paper I focused on the special role of discussion leaders and their engagement in the facilitation of online discussions in comparison to the online teacher. The methodology combined quantitative data of students’ frequency behaviour with qualitative discourse analysis of students’ individual contributions. Each contribution was analysed in relation to one of the seven facilitation roles. In the seven categories that were used to compare the discussion leader’s role with the teacher’s in facilitating, the discussion leaders performed higher in the following: summing-up and confirming, moving the discussion forward, focusing the discussion and debriefing. The teacher demonstrated more frequent behaviour in the following: direct instruction, encouraging and giving feedback/content. Scaffolding had a similar frequency for both with a slightly higher rate for the teacher. The peer-led discussion enabled new relationships and promotes the learning in the community.
Semi-supervised Data Representation via Affinity Graph Learning

We consider the general problem of utilizing both labeled and unlabeled data to improve data representation performance. A new semi-supervised learning framework is proposed by combing manifold regularization and data representation methods such as Non negative matrix factorization and sparse coding. We adopt unsupervised data representation methods as the learning machines because they do not depend on the labeled data, which can improve machine's generation ability as much as possible. The proposed framework forms the Laplacian regularizer through learning the affinity graph. We incorporate the new Laplacian regularizer into the unsupervised data representation to smooth the low dimensional representation of data and make use of label information. Experimental results on several real benchmark datasets indicate that our semi-supervised learning framework achieves encouraging results compared with state-of-art methods.
Social judgments : implicit and explicit processes

1. Responding to the social world: explicit and implicit processes in social judgments Joseph P. Forgas 2. Biases in social judgment: design flaws or design features? Martie G. Haselton and David M. Buss 3. Reflexive and reflective judgment processes: a social cognitive neuroscience approach Matthew Lieberman 4. Decomposing the person perception process: cerebral hemispheric asymmetries in social perception Michael A. Zarate and Colby J. Stoever 5. The psychodynamics of social judgments: an attachment theory perspective Phillip R. Shaver and Mario Mikulincer 6. Towards a social psychology of person judgments: implications for person perception accuracy and self-knowledge David C. Funder 7. A parametric unimodel: of human judgment: integrating dual-process frameworks in cognition from a single-mode perspective Arie W. Kruglanski, Wo Young Chun, Hans Peter Erb, Antonio Peirro, Lucia Mannetti and Scott Spiegel 8. Social judgments based on pseudo-contingencies: a forgotten phenomenon Klaus Fiedler and Peter Freytag 9. The size of context effects in social judgment Herbert Bless, Norbert Schwarz and Michaela Wanke 10. Affective influences on social judgments and decisions: implicit and explicit processes Joseph P. Forgas and Rebekah East 11. Hot cognition and social judgments: when and why do descriptions influence our feelings? Diederik A. Stapel 12. Attitudinal process vs. content: the role of information processing biases in social judgment and behavior William von Hippel, Patrick Vargas and Denise Sekaquaptewa 13. The importance of the question in the judgment of abilities and opinions via social comparison Jerry Suls, Rene Martin and Ladd Wheeler 14. Consequences of automatic goal pursuit and the case of nonconscious mimicry Tanya L. Chartrand and Valerie E. Jefferis 15. Implicit and explicit processes in social judgments: the role of goal-based explanations John McClure, Robbie M. Sutton and Denis J. Hilton 16. Impact of ostracism on social judgments and decisions: explicit and implicit processes Kipling D. Williams, Trevor I. Case and Cassandra Govan 17. To control or not to control stereotypes: separating the implicit and explicit process of perspective-taking and suppression Adam D. Galinsky, Paul V. Martorana and Gillian Ku 18. Responding to the social world: attributions and stereotype-based judgments Lucy Johnston and Lynden Miles 19. Implicit and explicit process in social judgment: deep and high Marilynn B. Brewer.
Scoring Biodata: Is it Rational to Be Quasi‐Rational?

Five quasi‐rational biodata scales were developed by empirically keying biodata items to predict scores on a measure of the Big Five dimensions of personality. The criterion‐related validities of the quasi‐rational scales were compared to empirical and rational biodata keying methods using supervisory ratings of job performance as the criterion. Empirical keying outperformed the quasi‐rational and rational methods (which had similar validities).
Registration and Aggregate Cache Routing for Ad hoc Network

------------------------------------------------------------------ ABSTRACT ------------------------------------------------------------------ A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a temporary, infrastructure less wireless network composed of mobile nodes. Due to the limitations in the wireless environment, it may be necessary for one mobile host to enlist the aid of other hosts in forwarding a packet to its destination. Since traditional routing protocols cannot be directly applied in the MANET, a lot of routing protocols have been proposed. Though there are many wireless routing protocols developed, there is not a single algorithm to accomplish efficient route in dynamic environment. This paper presents a new routing technique based on registration of newly arrived nodes and checking the local cache for forwarding the packet to the desired destination called Registration and Aggregate Cache (RAC) routing algorithm. Theoretically RAC algorithm eliminates the drawback of Table Driven and On Demand routing algorithm.
A Review on Algorithms for Constraint-based Causal Discovery

Causal discovery studies the problem of mining causal relationships between variables from data, which is of primary interest in science. During the past decades, significant amount of progresses have been made toward this fundamental data mining paradigm. Recent years, as the availability of abundant large-sized and complex observational data, the constrain-based approaches have gradually attracted a lot of interest and have been widely applied to many diverse real-world problems due to the fast running speed and easy generalizing to the problem of causal insufficiency. In this paper, we aim to review the constraint-based causal discovery algorithms. Firstly, we discuss the learning paradigm of the constraint-based approaches. Secondly and primarily, the state-of-the-art constraint-based casual inference algorithms are surveyed with the detailed analysis. Thirdly, several related open-source software packages and benchmark data repositories are briefly summarized. As a conclusion, some open problems in constraint-based causal discovery are outlined for future research.
Computational Exploration of Structural Hypotheses for an Additional Sequence in a Mammalian Mitochondrial Protein

Background Proteins involved in mammalian mitochondrial translation, when compared to analogous bacterial proteins, frequently have additional sequence regions whose structural or functional roles are not always clear. For example, an additional short insert sequence in the bovine mitochondrial initiation factor 2 (IF2mt) seems sufficient to fulfill the added role of eubacterial initiation factor IF1. Prior to our recent cryo-EM study that showed IF2mt to structurally occupy both the IF1 and IF2 binding sites, the spatial separation of these sites, and the short length of the insert sequence, posed ambiguity in whether it could perform the role of IF1 through occupation of the IF1 binding site on the ribosome. Results The present study probes how well computational structure prediction methods can a priori address hypothesized roles of such additional sequences by creating quasi-atomic models of IF2mt using bacterial IF2 cryo-EM densities (that lack the insert sequences). How such initial IF2mt predictions differ from the observed IF2mt cryo-EM map and how they can be suitably improved using further sequence analysis and flexible fitting are analyzed. Conclusions By hypothesizing that the insert sequence occupies the IF1 binding site, continuous IF2mt models that occupy both the IF2 and IF1 binding sites can be predicted computationally. These models can be improved by flexible fitting into the IF2mt cryo-EM map to get reasonable quasi-atomic IF2mt models, but the exact orientation of the insert structure may not be reproduced. Specific eukaryotic insert sequence conservation characteristics can be used to predict alternate IF2mt models that have minor secondary structure rearrangements but fewer unusually extended linker regions. Computational structure prediction methods can thus be combined with medium-resolution cryo-EM maps to explore structure-function hypotheses for additional sequence regions and to guide further biochemical experiments, especially in mammalian systems where high-resolution structures are difficult to determine.
An improved approach for model-based detection and pose estimation of texture-less objects

Detection and pose estimation of texture-less objects still faces several challenges such as foreground occlusions, background clutter, multi-instance objects, large scale and pose changes to name but a few. In this paper, we present an improved approach for model based detection and pose estimation of texture-less objects, LINEMOD [4], in order to improve the robustness of pose estimation with partial foreground occlusions. For template creation, we modify Gradient Response Maps and propose Gradient Orientation Maps, where Non-Maximum Suppression and Dual Threshold Algorithm are applied. And we adopt image pyramid searching method for fast template matching. Next, the approximate object pose associated with each detected template is used as a starting point for fine pose estimation with Iterative Closest Point algorithm. Thirdly, we improve the accuracy of fine pose estimation by using point cloud filter. Experimental results show that our approach is more robust to estimate the pose of texture-less objects with partial foreground occlusions.
A real world object modeling method for creating simulation environment of real-time systems

Most real-time embedded control software feature complex interactions with asynchronous inputs and environment objects, and a meaningful simulation of a real-time control software specification requires realistic simulation of its environment. Two problems that need to be addressed in the simulation of a target software system and its environment: First, integration and simulation of the specifications of a target software system and its artificial environment are often performed too late in the lifecycle to provide any significant value. Second, real world objects in the environment usually have spatial characteristics (form) such as shape, motion, etc. that must be specified for simulation, and there is no method to express these spatial characteristics at various levels of abstraction that are adequate for the required simulation fidelity.To address these problems, we have developed a method that supports incremental specification and simulation of both the target software system and its environmental objects. The method includes: (1) a specification method for behavior, function, and form integrated objects; (2) form specification primitives that abstract common spatial characteristics of real world objects, their typical spatial relations, and spatial interactions; and (3) a methodology that refines, verifies, and validates behavior, function, and form specification of both the real-time embedded control software and its environment in a systematic and incremental manner. The proposed specification, verification, and validation method has been applied to a robot control system example to demonstrate its effectiveness and usefulness.