Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Recursive Tagset for Annotating Cooking Recipes

Several natural language annotation schemas have been proposed for different natural language understanding tasks. In this paper we present a hierarchical and recursive tagset for annotating natural language recipes. Our recipe annotation tagset is developed to capture both syntactic and semantic information in the text. First, we propose our hierarchical recursive tagset that captures cooking attributes and relationships among them. Furthermore, we develop different heuristics to automatically annotate natural language recipes using our proposed tagset. These heuristics use surface-level and syntactic information from the text and the association between words. We are able to annotate the recipe text with 91% accuracy in an ideal situation.
The freshman experience

Five months ago, on a hot day in June, a group of soon-to-be college freshmen came together for the first time at the Honors Orientation. A nervous excitement initially permeated the atmosphere of the event but before long, nerves settled and friendships were born, prompting the frequent use of the term ‘family’. One semester later, ties between the freshmen have grown stronger as months living on the same floor have led to creation of bonds and memories alike. The semester left students with much to remember, and much to look forward to in the spring. The first few weeks of college are a potentially lonely conglomeration of days as students search for like-minded individuals to engage in friendship. As Honors freshmen, the immediacy of closeness negates this possibility. In the words of Chan To, “College freshmen face the difficult task of finding friends in a new environment; at least it is supposed to be difficult. Looking back, I realized that having the Honors College by your side parallels a second family.a giant family. ”
Extended random walkers for hyperspectral image classification

A novel spectral-spatial hyperspectral image classification is proposed based on extended random walkers. First, a widely used pixel-wise classifier, i.e., the support vector machine (SVM), is adopted to obtain probability maps for a hyper-psectral image, which measure the probabilities that a pixel belongs to different classes. Then, the initial probabilities are optimized with the extended random walkers. Finally, by assigning each pixel with the label for which the greatest probability is obtained, the classification result is obtained. Experiments show the outstanding performance of the proposed method in terms of classification accuracy especially when the number of training samples is relatively small.
Th1 and Th17 Responses to Helicobacter pylori in Bangladeshi Infants, Children and Adults

Both Th1 and Th17 cells are important components of the immune response to Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in adults, but less is known about T cell responses to Hp during early childhood, when the infection is often acquired. We investigated Th1 and Th17 type responses to Hp in adults, children and infants in Bangladesh, where Hp is highly endemic. IL-17 and IFN-γ mRNA levels in gastric biopsies from Hp-infected Bangladeshi adults were analyzed and compared to levels in infected and uninfected Swedish controls. Since biopsies could not be collected from infants and children, cytokine responses in Bangladeshi infants (6–12 months), children (3–5 years) and adults (>19 years) were instead compared by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with a Hp membrane preparation (MP) and analyzing culture supernatants by ELISA and cytometric bead array. We found significantly higher expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ mRNA in gastric mucosa of Hp-infected Bangladeshi and Swedish adults compared to uninfected Swedish controls. PBMCs from all age groups produced IL-17 and IFN-γ after MP stimulation, but little Th2 cytokines. IL-17 and IFN-γ were primarily produced by CD4+ T cells, since CD4+ T cell depleted PBMCs produced reduced amounts of these cytokines. Infant cells produced significantly more IL-17, but similar levels of IFN-γ, compared to adult cells after MP stimulation. In contrast, polyclonal stimulation induced lower levels IL-17 and IFN-γ in infant compared to adult PBMCs and CD4+ T cells. The strong IL-17 production in infants after MP stimulation was paralleled by significantly higher production of the IL-17 promoting cytokine IL-1β from infant compared to adult PBMCs and monocytes. In conclusion, these results show that T cells can produce high levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ in response to Hp from an early age and indicate a potential role for IL-1β in promoting Th17 responses to Hp during infancy.
Two-step noise reduction based on soft mask for robust speaker identification

This paper addresses the problem of speaker identification in noisy conditions. A two-step noise reduction algorithm based on soft mask and minimum mean square error short-time spectral amplitude estimator was proposed. It is used in the signal preprocessing stage for more robust speaker identification. The proposed algorithm was tested and compared with the existing noise reduction algorithms in the problem of speaker identification. Testing was carried out with two speech databases and some noise samples from the NOISEX-92 library. The advantage of the new noise reduction algorithm for some noise samples and signal-to-noise ratios was shown.
Galactic winds in cosmological simulations of the circumgalactic medium

We explore new observationally-constrained sub-resolution models of galactic outflows and investigate their impact on the circumgalactic medium (CGM) in the redshift range z = 2 4. We perform cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, including star formation, chemical enrichment, and four cases of SNe-driven outflows: no wind (NW), an energy-driven constant velocity wind (CW), a radially varying wind (RVWa) where the outflow velocity has a positive correlation with galactocentric distance (r), and a RVW with additional dependence on halo mass (RVWb). Overall, we find that the outflows expel metal-enriched gas away from galaxies, significantly quench the star formation, reduce the central galactic metallicity and enrich the CGM. At z = 2, the radial profiles of gas properties around galaxy centers are most sensitive to the choice of the wind model for halo masses in the range (10 9 10 11 )M⊙. We infer that outflows in the RVWb model are least effective, with results similar to the NW case, except that the CGM is enriched more. Moreover, we find that the models CW and RVWa are similar, both showing the impact of effective winds, with the following notable differences. RVWa causes a greater suppression of star formation rate at z 6 5, and has a higher fraction of low-density (δ < 10), warm-hot (10 4 10 6 K) gas than in CW. Outflows in CW produce a higher and earlier enrichment of some IGM phases than in RVWa. By visual inspection, we note that the RVWa model shows galactic disks more pronounced than all the other wind models. We predict that some observational diagnostics are more promising to distinguish between different outflow driving mechanisms in galaxies: ZC of the CGM gas at r � (30 300)h −1 kpc comoving, and CIV fraction of the inner gas at r < (4 5)h −1 kpc comoving.
Exercise during hematopoietic stem cell transplant hospitalization in children.

PURPOSE The purpose of this controlled trial was to assess the effect of an approximately 3-wk intrahospital exercise intervention performed during inpatient hospitalization for pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) on (i) immune cell recovery and (ii) body composition. METHODS Immune (i.e., blood counts of leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and lymphocyte subpopulations) and anthropometric variables (i.e., body mass, body mass index, and estimated fat-free mass) were measured before and after (+15 and 30 d) HSCT. Seven children (5 boys and 2 girls; age (mean +/- SD) = 8 +/- 4 yr) with high-risk cancer performed an individualized training program (aerobic + resistance exercises) in their isolated hospital rooms. We also assessed a control group (n = 13; 9 boys and 4 girls; age = 7 +/- 3 yr) with similar medical conditions and following the same transplant protocol. RESULTS In both groups, the dendritic cell count decreased from pre-HSCT to +15 d post-HSCT and thereafter (up to +30 d) remained stabile; however, the posttransplant decrease was more abrupt in the control group than that in the intervention group (-87% vs -63%, respectively, from pre-HSCT to +15 d). The rest of the immune cell parameters measured showed a similar response from pre-HSCT to post-HSCT in both groups. We found a significant effect of the interaction group x time for all anthropometric variables (weight, body mass index, body fat, and fat-free mass), indicating an increase over the hospitalization period only in the intervention group, for example, body mass increased from 32.9 +/- 18.7 kg pre-HSCT to 35.4 +/- 18.6 kg at +30 d in the intervention group versus a decrease from 30.2 +/- 16.6 to 29.3 +/- 6.3 kg in the control group. CONCLUSION Our findings support the feasibility of exercise training interventions during hospitalization, including immunocompromised children.
Iron Fluorescent Line Emission from Black Hole Accretion Disks with Magnetic Reconnection-heated Corona

We investigate the iron Kα fluorescent line produced by hard X-ray photons from the magnetic reconnection-heated corona. The hot corona with temperature of ~109 K can irradiate the underlying disk with a continuum X-ray spectrum produced via thermal Comptonization. Then the iron atoms in the disk photoelectrically absorb X-ray photons and radiate Kα line photons. Therefore, the activity of the corona is responsible for the iron line emission from the underlying disk. In previous studies, oversimplified X-ray photon sources were often assumed above the disk in order to compute the iron line profile or power-law line emissivity profiles were assumed with an index as a free parameter. We adopt the more realistic corona model constructed by Liu et al. in which the corona is heated by magnetic energy released through the reconnection of magnetic flux loops and which has no free parameter. Then the accretion energy is dominantly dissipated in the corona, in which X-ray photons are efficiently produced and irradiate the underlying disk. We find that the local emissivity of the iron line on the disk is approximated as FKα(r) ∝ r-5. The iron line profiles derived from this model give excellent fits to the observational data of MCG -6-30-15 with the profiles derived theoretically for i ~ 30° for the 4-7 keV energy band. Possible origins of line variability are briefly discussed.
The Translated Region Inspector for cDNA Sequences

1 Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., 1-280 Higashi-Koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan 2 Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan 3 Japan Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-41-6 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan 4 Reverse Proteomics Research Institute, 1532-3 Yana, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
Routing mechanisms and cross-layer design for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A survey

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) will pave the way to advance automotive safety and occupant convenience. The potential VANET applications present diverse requirements. VANET shows unique characteristics and presents a set of challenges. The proposed VANET applications demand reliable and proficient message dissemination techniques. Routing techniques proposed for Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) do not cater for the characteristics of VANET. The need for novel routing techniques, exclusively designed for VANET has been recognised. This paper analyses different routing techniques proposed specifically for VANET. Unique characteristics of VANET pose challenges to traditional layered architecture where different layers make independent decisions. Mobility, absence of global view of network, random changes in topology, poor link quality and varied channel conditions have encouraged the paradigm shift to cross-layer approach. In order to optimise the performance of VANET, architectures based on cross-layer approach have been proposed by the researchers. The paper also surveys such cross-layer paradigm based solutions for VANET and concludes with an analytical summary.
Building Export Capabilities by promoting Inter-Firm Linkages: Ireland’s Industrial Policy Revisited

For the period 1972-2003 in Ireland we document a persistent decline in traditional import competing and an expansion in exporting plants, within each sector. Yet, the focus of this paper is to explore the vertical linkages between exporting plants and the increasing presence of de novo non-exporting plants within industries during this period. Based the capabilities approach of Sutton (2007) and the creative destruction model of Aghion and Howitt (1992) we find evidence that forward dominated backward vertical linkages, in that innovation in de novo non-exporting plants was a key determinant of export entry, growth and survival within all sectors, while evidence of backward linkages are harder to find.
JavaScript Parallelizing Compiler for Exploiting Parallelism from Data-Parallel HTML5 Applications

With the advent of the HTML5 standard, JavaScript is increasingly processing computationally intensive, data-parallel workloads. Thus, the enhancement of JavaScript performance has been emphasized because the performance gap between JavaScript and native applications is still substantial. Despite this urgency, conventional JavaScript compilers do not exploit much of parallelism even from data-parallel JavaScript applications, despite contemporary mobile devices being equipped with expensive parallel hardware platforms, such as multicore processors and GPGPUs. In this article, we propose an automatically parallelizing JavaScript compiler that targets emerging, data-parallel HTML5 applications by leveraging the mature affine loop analysis of conventional static compilers. We identify that the most critical issues when parallelizing JavaScript with a conventional static analysis are ensuring correct parallelization, minimizing compilation overhead, and conducting low-cost recovery when there is a speculation failure during parallel execution. We propose a mechanism for safely handling the failure at a low cost, based on compiler techniques and the property of idempotence. Our experiment shows that the proposed JavaScript parallelizing compiler detects most affine parallel loops. Also, we achieved a maximum speedup of 3.22 times on a quad-core system, while incurring negligible compilation and recovery overheads with various sets of data-parallel HTML5 applications.
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine internalization and its age-related alterations in skeletal muscle progenitor cells

Aging causes phenotypic changes in skeletal muscle progenitor cells (Skm‐PCs), such as reduced myogenesis and increased adipogenesis due to alterations in their environment or niche. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which is secreted into the niche of Skm‐PCs, inhibits adipogenesis and promotes myogenesis. We have previously reported that Skm‐PC responsiveness to SPARC declines with age, although the mechanism underlying this decline is unknown. In this study, we found that SPARC is internalized by Skm‐PCs and that this uptake increases with age. Internalization is dependent on integrin‐α5, a cell surface SPARC‐binding molecule, and clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. We also demonstrated that internalized SPARC is transported to Rab7‐positive endosomes. Skm‐PCs from old rats exhibited increased clathrin expression and decreased Rab7 expression exclusively in MyoD‐negative cells. In loss‐of‐function analyses, clathrin knockdown increased the anti‐adipogenic effect of SPARC, whereas Rab7 knockdown reduced it, indicating that alterations in SPARC internalization may mediate the age‐related decline in its anti‐adipogenic effect. These results provide insights into age‐related SPARC resistance in Skm‐PCs, which may lead to sarcopenia.
Implementation of frontier-based exploration algorithm for an autonomous robot

Exploration is defined as the selection of target points that yield the biggest contribution to a specific gain function at an initially unknown environment. Exploration for autonomous mobile robots is closely related to mapping, navigation, localization and obstacle avoidance. In this study an autonomous frontier-based exploration strategy is implemented. Frontiers are defined as the border points that are calculated throughout the mapping and navigation stage between known and unknown areas. Frontier-based exploration implementation is compatible with the Robot Operating System (ROS). Also in this study, real robot platform is utilized for testing and the effect of different frontier target assignment approaches are comparatively analyzed by means of total path length and thereby total exploration time.
Manifestation of Composite Multimedia Objects to Satisfy Access Control Requirements

A composite multimedia object is comprised of different media components such as structured data, semi-structured text, video, audio and image, and a variety of relationships among these components that reflect the temporal, spatial, fidelity and security constraints that must be adhered to when rendering it. In this paper, we present a manifestation approach in which composite multimedia objects automatically adjust themselves to cater to the users’ credentials, and the capabilities of their computer systems. We present a formal model, that is graphical and mathematical in nature, which is capable of describing, visualizing and validating the multimedia object, and identifying the potential conflicts among the constraints. In particular, we propose an enhanced Petri Net model, called multimedia color-time Petri net (MMCTPN), and demonstrate how it lends itself to automatic manifestation of the multimedia object. In addition, we show how our methodology can be implemented using the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL). SMIL, which is an extension of XML, supports specification of synchronization of the multimedia components and facilitates automatic rendering.
Coupling strategies for compressible-low Mach number flows

In order to enrich the modeling of fluid flows, we investigate in this paper a coupling between two models dedicated to distinct regimes. More precisely, we focus on the influence of the Mach number as the low Mach case is known to induce theoretical and numerical issues in a compressible framework. A moving interface is introduced to separate a compressible model (Euler with source term) and its low Mach counterpart through relevant transmission conditions. A global steady state for the coupled problem is exhibited. Numerical simulations are then performed to highlight the influence of the coupling by means of a robust numerical strategy.
Overview on Edge Detection Methods

Edge in an image is a contour across which the brightness of the image changes abruptly. Edge detection plays a vital role in image processing. Edge detection is a process that detects the presence and location of edges constituted by sharp changes in intensity of the image. An important property of the edge detection method is its ability to extract the accurate edge line with good orientation. Different edge detectors work better under different conditions. Comparative evaluation of different methods of edge detection makes it easy to decide which edge detection method is appropriate for image segmentation. This paper presents an overview of the published work on edge detection.
μ-Synthesis controller design GLA for the longitudinal flexible aircraft

A μ-synthesis Controller design is presented to study the robust performance for the vertical acceleration control of a B-52 longitudinal aircraft model with flexibility taking into account specific input and output multiplicative uncertainty models. The aircraft is assumed to be flexible and subjected to severe wind gusts causing undesirable vertical acceleration. We use the Von Karman gust power spectral density model to guide the performance specifications and control designs, as well as for time-domain simulations. Motivation for the use of H∞ nominal performance baseline specification is given in terms of the interpretation of the power spectral density for the atmospheric turbulence Von Karman model. The H∞ optimal controller is shown to minimize the effect of wind gusts on the aircraft vertical acceleration. A μ-synthesis controller design using the D-K iteration procedure is used to achieve robust performance.
Instruction-level characterization of scientific computing applications using hardware performance counters

The paper provides characterization methods based on empirical performance counter measurements. In particular, we provide an instruction-level characterization derived empirically in an effort to demonstrate how architectural limitations in underlying hardware will affect the performance of existing codes. Preliminary results provide promise in code characterization, and empirical/analytical modeling. These include the ability to quantify outstanding miss utilization and stall time attributable to architectural limitations in the CPU and the memory hierarchy. This work further promises insight into quantifying bounds for CPI/sub 0/ or the ideal CPI with infinite, perfect L1 cache. In general, if we can characterize workloads using parameters that are independent of architecture, such as this work, then we can more appropriately compare different architectures in an effort to direct processor/code development.
Construction of non-binary quasi-cyclic LDPC codes by arrays and array dispersions - [transactions papers]

This paper presents two algebraic methods for constructing high performance and efficiently encodable nonbinary quasi-cyclic LDPC codes based on arrays of special circulant permutation matrices and multi-fold array dispersions. Codes constructed based on these methods perform well over the AWGN and other types of channels with iterative decoding based on belief-propagation. Experimental results show that over the AWGN channel, these non-binary quasi-cyclic LDPC codes significantly outperform Reed-Solomon codes of the same lengths and rates decoded with either algebraic hard-decision Berlekamp-Massey algorithm or algebraic soft-decision Kotter-Vardy algorithm. Also presented in this paper is a class of asymptotically optimal LDPC codes for correcting bursts of erasures. Codes constructed also perform well over flat fading channels. Non-binary quasi-cyclic LDPC codes have a great potential to replace Reed-Solomon codes in some applications in communication environments and storage systems for combating mixed types of noises and interferences.
Accuracy of positioning data on smartphones

This contribution investigates how accurate location information is on smartphones. Our research is based on a data set consisting of 2289 locations gathered from a marketed iPhone application. In a first analysis, it became evident that the accuracy information differs significantly among iPhone and iPod and iPad devices. A second analysis of the accuracy values reveals clusters of accuracy values at above 1 km, at 500 meters, and at an accuracy of below 300 meters. Information with an accuracy of above 500 meters originated from Cell-ID based positioning. Finally, an analysis revealed that the accuracy is significantly reduced for locations with more than 500 meters away from the next populated area. The overall results suggest that additional Cell-ID based positioning technology allows for higher coverage at the costs of a significantly reduced accuracy. If location information is required, with an accuracy of below 300 meters, the technology should be limited to GPS and WLAN based positioning. Adding Cell-ID based positioning increases the coverage while accuracy is reduced.