Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of a low‐fat/high‐fiber diet on sex hormone levels and menstrual cycling in premenopausal women

Reduction of cumulative exposure to endogenous ovarian steroid hormones is a postulated method for reducing the risk of carcinoma of the breast and other malignancies. Although there are data from trials evaluating the effect of low‐fat and high‐fiber diets on sex hormone levels in premenopausal women, to the authors' knowledge none of these trials has combined a relatively large number of participants, follow‐up of > 2–3 months, parallel controls receiving a usual diet, and careful timing of blood sampling within the menstrual cycle.
Non-parametric Stochastic Approximation with Large Step sizes

We consider the random-design least-squares regression problem within the reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) framework. Given a stream of independent and identically distributed input/output data, we aim to learn a regression function within an RKHS $\mathcal{H}$, even if the optimal predictor (i.e., the conditional expectation) is not in $\mathcal{H}$. In a stochastic approximation framework where the estimator is updated after each observation, we show that the averaged unregularized least-mean-square algorithm (a form of stochastic gradient), given a sufficient large step-size, attains optimal rates of convergence for a variety of regimes for the smoothnesses of the optimal prediction function and the functions in $\mathcal{H}$.
A measurement-based analysis of the energy consumption of data center servers

Energy consumption is a growing issue in data centers, impacting their economic viability and their public image. In this work we empirically characterize the power and energy consumed by different types of servers. In particular, in order to understand the behavior of their energy and power consumption, we perform measurements in different servers. In each of them, we exhaustively measure the power consumed by the CPU, the disk, and the network interface under different configurations, identifying the optimal operational levels. One interesting conclusion of our study is that the curve that defines the minimal CPU power as a function of the load is neither linear nor purely convex as has been previously assumed. Moreover, we find that the efficiency of the various server components can be maximized by tuning the CPU frequency and the number of active cores as a function of the system and network load, while the block size of I/O operations should be always maximized by applications. We also show how to estimate the energy consumed by an application as a function of some simple parameters, like the CPU load, and the disk and network activity. We validate the proposed approach by accurately estimating the energy of a map-reduce computation in a Hadoop platform.
Angiographic Evaluation of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease and Its Role as a Prognostic Determinant for Major Amputation in Diabetic Subjects With Foot Ulcers

OBJECTIVE To evaluate in diabetic patients with foot ulcers the angiographic findings of peripheral occlusive arterial disease and their role as a prognostic determinant for major amputation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS From 1993 to 1995, 104 diabetic inpatients with foot ulcers underwent arteriography on the ulcerated limb. Stenoses in the iliac trunk, the superficial femoral artery, the profunda femoral artery, the popliteal artery, the anterior tibial artery, the posterior tibial artery, and the peroneal artery were scored on the basis of vessel lumen reduction: 0 if stenoses involved a reduction in the vessel lumen of <50%, 1 if stenoses involved 50 to <75% reduction, 2 if stenoses involved 75 to <100% reduction, and 3 if total occlusion was present. The sum of the points assigned to each of these arteries was called the angiographic score. RESULTS Stenoses causing a vessel lumen reduction ≥50% were detected in 103 patients (99%). Stenoses were also detected in subjects with palpable foot pulses, ankle-brachial indexes ≥1, or transcutaneous oxygen tension ≥50 mmHg. The risk of major amputation was increased significantly when total occlusion was present in the popliteal and infrapopliteal arteries (x2 for trend = 50.57, P < 0.001). No major amputation was carried out in patients with angiographic scores <10; major amputation was carried out in all the patients with scores >14. Multivariate analysis indicated a high angiographic score as an independent risk factor for major amputation (odds ratio 2.32, P = 0.001, CI 1.40–3.84). CONCLUSIONS Angiography permits an exact detection of occlusive arterial disease in subjects with normal results for noninvasive vascular procedures. A score that has a relevant prognostic value for major amputation can be obtained from the evaluation of the extent and diffusion of the stenoses.
JESC: Japanese-English Subtitle Corpus

In this paper we describe the Japanese-English Subtitle Corpus (JESC). JESC is a large Japanese-English parallel corpus covering the underrepresented domain of conversational dialogue. It consists of more than 3.2 million examples, making it the largest freely available dataset of its kind. The corpus was assembled by crawling and aligning subtitles found on the web. The assembly process incorporates a number of novel preprocessing elements to ensure high monolingual fluency and accurate bilingual alignments. We summarize its contents and evaluate its quality using human experts and baseline machine translation (MT) systems.
Triton's Geyser-Like Plumes: Discovery and Basic Characterization

At least four active geyser-like eruptions were discovered in Voyager 2 images of Triton, Neptune's large satellite. The two best documented eruptions occur as columns of dark material rising to an altitude of about 8 kilometers where dark clouds of material are left suspended to drift downwind over 100 kilometers. The radii of the rising columns appear to be in the range of several tens of meters to a kilometer. One model for the mechanism to drive the plumes involves heating of nitrogen ice in a subsurface greenhouse environment; nitrogen gas pressurized by the solar heating explosively vents to the surface carrying clouds of ice and dark partides into the atmosphere. A temperature increase of less than 4 kelvins above the ambient surface value of 38 � 3 kelvins is more than adequate to drive the plumes to an 8-kilometer altitude. The mass flux in the trailing clouds is estimated to consist of up to 10 kilograms of fine dark particles per second or twice as much nitrogen ice and perhaps several hundred or more kilograms of nitrogen gas per second. Each eruption may last a year or more, during which on the order of a tenth of a cubic kilometer of ice is sublimed.
All-polymer microfluidic systems for droplet based sample analysis: Bringing droplet technologies to life: Bridging the gap between academia and industry

In this PhD project, I pursued to develop an all-polymer injection moulded microfluidic platform with integrated droplet based single cell interrogation. To allow for a proper ”one device one experiment” methodology and to ensure a high relevancy to non-academic settings, the systems presented here were fabricated exclusive using commercially relevant fabrication methods such as injection moulding and ultrasonic welding. Further, to reduce the complexity of the final system, I have worked towards an all-in-one device which includes sample loading, priming (removal of air), droplet formation, droplet packing, imaging and amplification (heating). The project has been broken into sub-projects, in which several devices of simpler application have been developed. Most of these employ gravity for concentrating and packing droplets, which has been made possible by the use of large area chambers bonded by ultrasonic welding. In the sub-projects of this PhD, improvements have been made to multiple aspects of fabricating and conducting droplet (or multiphase) microfluidics: • Design phase: Numerical prediction of the capillary burst pressure of a multiphase system. • Fabrication: Two new types of energy directors for ultrasonic welding of microfluidic systems have been presented: 1. Tongue-and-groove energy directors. 2. Laser ablated micropillar energy directors. • Fabrication: Annealing of polymer devices for use with hydrocarbon based multiphase systems. • Experimental design and data analysis: Optimised estimators for single-hit limitingdilution assays. A range of concurrent activities have also been undertaken: • TransForm-technologies, a to-be spin-out of this PhD project has been initiated, and 725,000 DKK has been raised and spent on maturation of the mould microstructuring technology, incorporating and testing the technology in a commercial setting, and formulating a business plan. • Three patent applications have been submitted to the European Patent Office.
Information Technology Solutions to Support Translational Research on Inherited Cardiomyopathies

The INHERITANCE project, funded by the European Commission, is aimed at studying genetic or inherited Dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM) and at understanding the impact and management of the condition within families that suffer from heart conditions that are caused by DCMs. The project is supported by a number of advanced biomedical informatics tools, including data warehousing, automated literature search and decision support. The paper describes the design of these tools and the current status of implementation.
Dietary and Plasma Magnesium and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women

Background Magnesium is associated with lower risk of sudden cardiac death, possibly through antiarrhythmic mechanisms. Magnesium influences endothelial function, inflammation, blood pressure, and diabetes, but a direct relation with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk has not been established. Methods and Results We prospectively examined the association between dietary and plasma magnesium and risk of CHD among women in the Nurses' Health Study. The association for magnesium intake was examined among 86 323 women free of disease in 1980. Information on magnesium intake and lifestyle factors was ascertained every 2 to 4 years through questionnaires. Through 2008, 3614 cases of CHD (2511 nonfatal/1103 fatal) were documented. For plasma magnesium, we conducted a nested case–control analysis, with 458 cases of incident CHD (400 nonfatal/58 fatal) matched to controls (1:1) on age, smoking, fasting status, and date of blood sampling. Higher magnesium intake was not associated with lower risk of total CHD (P‐linear trend=0.12) or nonfatal CHD (P‐linear trend=0.88) in multivariable models. However, magnesium intake was inversely associated with risk of fatal CHD. The RR comparing quintile 5 to quintile 1 of magnesium intake was 0.61 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.84; P‐linear trend=0.003). The association between magnesium intake and risk of fatal CHD appeared to be mediated partially by hypertension. Plasma magnesium levels above 2.0 mg/dL were associated with lower risk of CHD, although not independent of other cardiovascular biomarkers (RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.44 to 1.04). Conclusions Dietary and plasma magnesium were not associated with total CHD incidence in this population of women. Dietary magnesium intake was inversely associated with fatal CHD, which may be mediated in part by hypertension.
Pairwise Combinations of Estrogen Metabolism Genotypes in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Etiology

Estrogen exposures have been associated with breast cancer risk, and genes involved in estrogen metabolism have been reported to mediate that risk. Our goal was to better understand whether combinations of candidate estrogen metabolism genotypes are associated with breast cancer etiology. A population-based case-control study in three counties of the Philadelphia Metropolitan area was undertaken. We evaluated seven main effects and 21 first-order interactions in African Americans and European Americans for genotypes at COMT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP3A4, SULT1A1, and SULT1E1 in 878 breast cancer cases and 1,409 matched random digit–dialed controls. In European Americans, we observed main effect associations of genotypes containing any CYP1A1*2C (odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-2.67) and breast cancer. No significant main effects were observed in African Americans. Three significant first-order interactions were observed. In European Americans, interactions between SULT1A1*2 and CYP1A1*2C genotypes (Pinteraction < 0.001) and between SULT1E1 and CYP1A2*1F genotypes were observed (Pinteraction = 0.006). In African Americans, an interaction between SULT1A1*2 and CYP1B1*4 was observed (Pinteraction = 0.041). We applied the false-positive report probability approach, which suggested that these associations were noteworthy; however, we cannot rule out the possibility that chance led to these associations. Pending future confirmation of these results, our data suggest that breast cancer etiology in both European American and African American postmenopausal women may involve the interaction of a gene responsible for the generation of catecholestrogens with a gene involved in estrogen and catecholestrogen sulfation. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(3):444–50)
Green Functions for Axisymmetric Bending and Vibration of Thick Cylindrical Shells

It is shown herein that the axisymmetric bending and vibration problems of thick (Mindlin) cylindrical shells are analogous to the corresponding bending and vibration problems of Timoshenko beams resting on Winkler foundation. The Green functions for solving these two analogous problems are derived. Based on these Green functions, exact bending and vibration results may be obtained. The validity of the solutions has been verified via comparison studies with previous researchers' numerical results. Sample exact bending and vibration results are also presented for cylindrical shells in view to provide useful benchmark checks for researchers and engineers working on cylindrical shells and Timoshenko beams on elastic foundation.
A semantic-based fully visual application for matchmaking and query refinement in B2C e-marketplaces

This paper presents a visual application in the framework of semantic-enabled e-marketplaces aimed at fully exploiting semantics of supply/demand descriptions in B2C and C2C e-marketplaces. Distinguishing aspects of the framework include logic-based explanation of request results, semantic ranking of matchmaking results, logic-based request refinement. The visual user interface has been designed and implemented to be immediate and simple, and it requires no knowledge of any logic principle to be fully used.
Engineering low-temperature expression systems for heterologous production of cold-adapted enzymes

ABSTRACT Production of psychrophilic enzymes in the commonly used mesophilic expression systems is hampered by low intrinsic stability of the recombinant enzymes at the optimal host growth temperatures. Unless strategies for low-temperature expression are advanced, research on psychrophilic enzymes may end up being biased toward those that can be stably produced in commonly used mesophilic host systems. Two main strategies are currently being explored for the development of low-temperature expression in bacterial hosts: (i) low-temperature adaption of existing mesophilic expression systems, and (ii) development of new psychrophilic hosts. These developments include genetic engineering of the expression cassettes to optimize the promoter/operator systems that regulate heterologous expression. In this addendum we present our efforts in the development of such low-temperature expression systems, and speculate about future advancements in the field and potential applications.
Music Discovery with Social Networks

Current music recommender systems rely on techniques like collaborative ltering on user-provided information in order to generate relevant recommendations based upon users’ music collections or listening habits. In this paper, we examine whether better recommendations can be obtained by taking into account the music preferences of the user’s social contacts. We assume that music is naturally diused through the social network of its listeners, and that we can propagate automatic recommendations in the same way through the network. In order to test this statement, we developed a music recommender application called Starnet on a Social Networking Service. It generated recommendations based either on positive ratings of friends (social recommendations), positive ratings of others in the network (nonsocial recommendations), or not based on ratings (random recommendations). The user responses to each type of recommendation indicate that social recommendations are better than non-social recommendations, which are in turn better than random recommendations. Likewise, the discovery of novel and relevant music is more likely via social recommendations than non-social. Social shue recommendations enable people to discover music through a serendipitous process powered by human relationships and tastes, exploiting the user’s social network to share cultural experiences.
An ecologically valid evaluation of speech summarization

The past decade has witnessed an explosion in the size and availability of online audio-visual repositories, such as entertainment, news, or lectures. Summarization systems have the potential to provide significant assistance with navigating such repositories. Unfortunately, automatically-generated summaries often fall short of delivering the information needed by users. This is due, in no small part, to the fact that the natural language heuristics used to generate summaries are often optimized with respect to currently-used evaluation metrics. Such metrics simply score automatically-generated summaries against subjectively-classified gold standards without taking into account the usefulness of a summary in assisting a user achieve a certain goal or even overall summary coherence. We have previously shown that an immediate consequence of this problem is that even the most linguistically-complex summarization systems perform no better than basic heuristics, such as picking the longest sentences from a general-topic, spontaneous dialog, or the first few sentences from a news recording. Our hypothesis is that complex systems are in fact better, if measured properly. What is thus needed instead are evaluation metrics (and consequently, automatic summarizers) that incorporate features such as user preferences and task-orientation. For this, we propose an ecologically valid evaluation metric that determines the value of a summary when embedded in a task, rather than how closely a summary matches a gold standard.
Tree point clouds registration using an improved ICP algorithm based on kd-tree

The light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology plays an important role in obtaining the three-dimensional information. A large number of point cloud data of the objects can be obtained through the LiDAR technology. The Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm was widely used for registering the point cloud data, which typically only scan an object from one direction at a time. However, massive point cloud data has brought a great number of troubles to this registration method. The k-d tree is similar to the general tree structure and it can store, manage and search data efficiently. Therefore, an improved ICP algorithm which based on k-d tree was presented for tree point cloud data registration in this paper. The results showed that the improved ICP algorithm can improve the speed of registration about 10 times higher, and it also has obvious advantages in accuracy of registration.
Bifurcation theory of poloidal rotation in tokamaks: A model for L-H transition.

It is shown that the poloidal momentum balance equation in tokamaks has bifurcated solutions. The poloidal flow velocity {ital U}{sub {ital p}} can suddenly become more positive when the ion collisionality decreases. The corresponding radial electric field {ital E}{sub {ital r}} becomes more negative and hence suppresses the turbulent fluctuations. Thus, plasma confinement is improved. The theory is employed to explain the {ital L}-{ital H} transition observed in tokamaks.
A Hybrid Graphical Model for Aligning Polyphonic Audio with Musical Scores

We present a new method for establishing an alignment between a polyphonic musical score and a corresponding sampled audio performance. The method uses a graphical model containing both discrete variables, corresponding to score position, as well as a continuous latent tempo process. We use a simple data model based only on the pitch content of the audio signal. The data interpretation is de(cid:2)ned to be the most likely con(cid:2)guration of the hidden variables, given the data, and we develop computational methodology for this task using a variant of dynamic programming involving parametrically represented continuous variables. Experiments are presented on a 55-minute hand-marked orchestral test set.
A Rake-MMSE Receiver Based on RLS Algorithm for UWB Systems

A novel adaptive Rake-MMSE receiver for DS-UWB systems in the presence of both multi-path interference and narrowband interference is proposed. The receiver firstly adopts Rake reception to separate and extract multi-path components, and then uses MMSE method to combine multi-path components for eliminating narrowband interference. In combining schemes, an adaptive RLS algorithm is adopted to reduce the complexity. The simulation results based on the IEEE 802.15. 3a channel models (CM1 to CM4) show that the proposed receiver has reasonably good BER performance and faster convergence rate.
Strongly feasible stochastic model predictive control

In this article we develop a systematic approach to enforce strong feasibility of probabilistically constrained stochastic model predictive control problems for linear discrete-time systems under affine disturbance feedback policies. Two approaches are presented, both of which capitalize and extend the machinery of invariant sets to a stochastic environment. The first approach employs an invariant set as a terminal constraint, whereas the second one constrains the first predicted state. Consequently, the second approach turns out to be completely independent of the policy in question and moreover it produces the largest feasible set amongst all admissible policies. As a result, a trade-off between computational complexity and performance can be found without compromising feasibility properties. Our results are demonstrated by means of two numerical examples.