Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On High-Temperature Materials: A Case on Creep and Oxidation of a Fully Austenitic Heat-Resistant Superalloy Stainless Steel Sheet

The creep behavior of AISI 310S stainless steel taken from SAIL’s Salem stainless steel plant has been investigated by constant load tensile creep test at the temperatures of 973, 1023, and 1073 K and loads of 66.6, 74.8, 86.6, and 94.8 MPa. It exhibits steady-state creep behavior in most test conditions. The double logarithm plot of rupture life and applied stress yielded straight lines at all the three test temperatures indicating that power-law creep due to dislocation climb is the operating mechanism of creep deformation. Linear relationship was obtained for plots of logarithm of rupture life against inverse temperature obeying Arrhenius type of temperature dependence with activation energy of 340 kJ/mol. The stress-rupture data yielded a master curve of Larson-Miller parameter. The plot of Monkman-Grant relationship is typical indicating that rupture is controlled by growth of grain boundary cavities. The metallographic examination of crept samples revealed formation of grain boundary voids and cracks leading to intergranular creep fracture. Deformation twins and carbide precipitates were also observed. Oxidation tests were also carried out isothermally at 973 K, 1023 K, and 1073 K in dry air. The plots of mass gain versus square root time were linear at all the three test temperatures obeying parabolic kinetics of oxidation. It was found that scales are well adherent to the substrate. The plot of parabolic rate constant and inverse temperature was linear giving an activation energy value of 210 kJ/mol. The metallographic examination of an oxidized sample reveals duplex types of scales. Finally, rupture properties are compared with that of AISI 600 iron-based superalloy and oxidation weight gain analysis with surface nanocrystalline AISI 310S stainless steel to analyze quantitatively its behavior.
Compact and Fast Sensitivity Oracles for Single-Source Distances

Let s denote a distinguished source vertex of a non-negatively real weighted and undirected graph G with n vertices and m edges. In this paper we present two efficient single-source approximate-distance sensitivity oracles, namely compact data structures which are able to quickly report an approximate (by a multiplicative stretch factor) distance from s to any node of G following the failure of any edge in G. More precisely, we first present a sensitivity oracle of size O(n) which is able to report 2-approximate distances from the source in O(1) time. Then, we further develop our construction by building, for any 0<epsilon<1, another sensitivity oracle having size O(n*1/epsilon*log(1/epsilon)), and is able to report a (1+epsilon)-approximate distance from s to any vertex of G in O(log(n)*1/epsilon*log(1/epsilon)) time. Thus, this latter oracle is essentially optimal as far as size and stretch are concerned, and it only asks for a logarithmic query time. Finally, our results are complemented with a space lower bound for the related class of single-source additively-stretched sensitivity oracles, which is helpful to realize the hardness of designing compact oracles of this type.
Energy-Efficient Low Duty Cycle MAC Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks

This paper presents an energy-efficient medium access control protocol suitable for communication in a wireless body area network for remote monitoring of physiological signals such as EEG and ECG. The protocol takes advantage of the static nature of the body area network to implement the effective time-division multiple access (TDMA) strategy with very little amount of overhead and almost no idle listening (by static, we refer to the fixed topology of the network investigated). The main goal is to develop energy-efficient and reliable communication protocol to support streaming of large amount of data. TDMA synchronization problems are discussed and solutions are presented. Equations for duty cycle calculation are also derived for power consumption and battery life predictions. The power consumption model was also validated through measurements. Our results show that the protocol is energy efficient for streaming communication as well as sending short bursts of data, and thus can be used for different types of physiological signals with different sample rates. The protocol is implemented on the analog devices ADF7020 RF transceivers.
A corpus-based analysis of word order variation: the order of verb arguments in the German middle field

A perennial problem in German syntax is the order of verb arguments in the Mittelfeld. The Mittelfeld is the section of the clause between the two parts of the discontinuous verbal group. In it, all verb arguments can be realized simultaneously, however, not always in the same order. There is a longstanding debate about a number of factors that possibly govern this variation, yet, what their actual influence is, remains unclear. This study takes a quantitative corpus-based approach to the problem and looks specifically at a type of variation that has scarcely been dealt with up to now, viz. the relative order of a pronominal object and a nominal subject in the Mittelfeld. Clauses that show this kind of variation have been collected from the NEGRA-corpus consisting of German newspaper material and they have been annotated for 5 factors frequently mentioned in the literature: grammatical function of the arguments, given/new status and animacy of the arguments' referents, difference in length between the arguments, and their occurrence in either a main or a subordinate clause. The effect of these factors has been statistically checked and modelled in a logistic regression model. The results of the statistical analysis show an effect of all factors except for grammatical. The effect of main versus subordinate clause is especially strong, contradicting earlier hypotheses that this factor is only an epiphenomenon of length difference
Opus: University of Bath Online Publication Store Picin: a Particle-in-cell Solver for Incompressible Free Surface Flows with Two-way Fluid-solid Coupling *

(2015) PICIN:a particle-in-cell solver for incompressible free surface flows with two-way fluid-solid coupling. This version is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Abstract. This paper details a novel numerical approach for solution of the Navier–Stokes equations for free surface flows involving two-way fluid-solid interaction in arbitrary domains. The approach, which is hybrid Eulerian Lagrangian in nature, is based on the full particle particle-in-cell (PIC) method applied to incompressible flows. An extension of the distributed Lagrange multiplier (DLM) technique proposed by Patankar et al. [Int. employed for the two-way fluid-solid coupling. The resulting code is called PICIN. Solid bodies can be mobile, either having prescribed motion or moving as a consequence of interaction with the fluid. Numerical results for three distinct example applications of the model in two spatial dimensions are given. A comparison of PICIN predictions with state-of-the-art numerical results of other researchers is made for each of the test cases presented. 1. Introduction. The increase in affordable computing power that has occurred over the last decade has made possible the numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations in both two and three spatial dimensions for a wide variety of real-world free-surface flows. While pure Eulerian methods have been used to solve the Navier– Stokes equations (see, e.g., [18, 16]), a Lagrangian approach is better suited to complex free surface flows as it handles both wave breaking and wetting drying processes naturally. Pure Lagrangian methods such as the moving-particle semi-implicit (MPS) and smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) schemes have become increasingly popular (see, e.g., [17, 23]). Of these, SPH has become the Lagrangian method of choice and has been used to simulate complex free surface flows with considerable success; see, e.g., [21]. Both weakly compressible SPH (WCSPH) and incompressible SPH (ISPH) are computationally extremely demanding in terms of CPU time [15]. The work presented in this paper was motivated by developing a code for industrial application, the idea being that the code should have all the flexibility of SPH with the efficiency of an Eulerian approach.
A Walkthrough Image Generation for Facility Guidance by Interpolating Omnidirectional Images

Recently, a number of Web sites offer guidance through facilities using omnidirectional images with omnidirectional cameras that can take 360-degree images. As a result, Internet users can survey the surroundings from an arbitrary viewing direction by mouse operations. However, an image space constructed with only one omnidirectional image has two problems. One problem is a limitation in the elevation of the viewing area that can be seen. The other problem is that we cannot change our aspect from that of the image. The present paper describes a method of integrating a lower and an upper hemisphere omnidirectional image as one space in order to improve the elevation limitation and the construction of a virtual walkthrough image space by interpolating between two adjoining image spaces to enable the aspect to be changed.
Aerosol Deposition of Ceramic Thick Films at Room Temperature: Densification Mechanism of Ceramic Layers

A novel method for depositing ceramic thick films by aerosol deposition (AD) is presented. Submicron ceramics particles are accelerated by gas flow up to 100–500 m/s and then impacted on a substrate, to form a dense, uniform and hard ceramic layer at room temperature. However, actual deposition mechanism has not been clarified yet. To clarify densification mechanism during AD, a mixed aerosol of α-Al2O3 and Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 powder was deposited to form a composite layer in this study. The cross-section of the layer was observed by HR-TEM to investigate the densification and bonding mechanism of ceramic particles. As a result, a plastic deformation of starting ceramic particles at room temperature was observed.
Studies of mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial sources implicate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase(s) in the increased skeletal muscle superoxide generation that occurs during contractile activity.

AIMS The sources of cytosolic superoxide in skeletal muscle have not been defined. This study examined the subcellular sites that contribute to cytosolic superoxide in mature single muscle fibers at rest and during contractile activity. RESULTS Isolated fibers from mouse flexor digitorum brevis loaded with superoxide and nitric-oxide-sensitive fluorescent probes, specific pathway inhibitors and immunolocalization techniques were used to identify subcellular sites contributing to cytosolic superoxide. Treatment with the electron transport chain complex III inhibitor, antimycin A, but not the complex I inhibitor, rotenone, caused increased cytosolic superoxide through release from the mitochondrial intermembrane space via voltage-dependent anion or Bax channels, but inhibition of these channels did not affect contraction-induced increases in cytosolic superoxide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors decreased cytosolic superoxide at rest and following contractions. Protein and mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase subunits was demonstrated in single fibers. NOX2, NOX4, and p22(phox) subunits localized to the sarcolemma and transverse tubules; NOX4 was additionally expressed in mitochondria. Regulatory p40(phox) and p67(phox) proteins were found in the cytoplasm of resting fibers, but following contractions, p40(phox) appeared to translocate to the sarcolemma. INNOVATION Superoxide and other reactive oxygen species generated by skeletal muscle are important regulators of muscle force production and adaptations to contractions. This study has defined the relative contribution of mitochondrial and cytosolic sources of superoxide within the cytosol of single muscle fibers at rest and during contractions. CONCLUSION Muscle mitochondria do not modulate cytosolic superoxide in skeletal muscle but NADPH oxidase is a major contributor both at rest and during contractions.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Evolutionarily Conserved Lysine-specific Methyltransferase Targeting Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 2 (eEF2)*

Background: The function of many proteins is regulated through post-translational methylation. Results: The previously uncharacterized human methyltransferase FAM86A and its yeast homologue Yjr129c methylate eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2), altering translational frameshifting. Conclusion: Evolutionarily conserved FAM86A methyltransferase modulates the function of eEF2. Significance: The activity of a novel protein-modifying enzyme is discovered and is shown to have functional consequences. The components of the cellular protein translation machinery, such as ribosomal proteins and translation factors, are subject to numerous post-translational modifications. In particular, this group of proteins is frequently methylated. However, for the majority of these methylations, the responsible methyltransferases (MTases) remain unknown. The human FAM86A (family with sequence similarity 86) protein belongs to a recently identified family of protein MTases, and we here show that FAM86A catalyzes the trimethylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) on Lys-525. Moreover, we demonstrate that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTase Yjr129c, which displays sequence homology to FAM86A, is a functional FAM86A orthologue, modifying the corresponding residue (Lys-509) in yeast eEF2, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, Yjr129c-deficient yeast cells displayed phenotypes related to eEF2 function (i.e. increased frameshifting during protein translation and hypersensitivity toward the eEF2-specific drug sordarin). In summary, the present study establishes the function of the previously uncharacterized MTases FAM86A and Yjr129c, demonstrating that these enzymes introduce a functionally important lysine methylation in eEF2. Based on the previous naming of similar enzymes, we have redubbed FAM86A and Yjr129c as eEF2-KMT and Efm3, respectively.
The 3D visibility complex

Visibility problems are central to many computer graphics applications. The most common examples include hidden-part removal for view computation, shadow boundaries, mutual visibility of objects for lighting simulation. In this paper, we present a theoretical study of 3D visibility properties for scenes of smooth convex objects. We work in the space of light rays, or more precisely, of maximal free segments. We group segments that "see" the same object; this defines the 3D visibility complex. The boundaries of these groups of segments correspond to the visual events of the scene (limits of shadows, disappearance of an object when the viewpoint is moved, etc.). We provide a worst case analysis of the complexity of the visibility complex of 3D scenes, as well as a probabilistic study under a simple assumption for "normal" scenes. We extend the visibility complex to handle temporal visibility. We give an output-sensitive construction algorithm and present applications of our approach.
Improved distress viscosity model for reseal intervention

An existing model predicted binder life by combining a binder hardening (increase in viscosity) model and a distress viscosity model. Inputs for the two models were site temperature parameters, binder durability (resistance to hardening) and seal size. The distress viscosity model was updated using new data from Victoria, Tasmania and Queensland. The new model was used to determine reseal intervention point for seals in different climatic regions in Australia. Reduction in bitumen durability from 10 days to 5 days resulted in a 27 per cent decrease in estimated binder life. (a)
Goal Set Inverse Optimal Control and Iterative Replanning for Predicting Human Reaching Motions in Shared Workspaces

To enable safe and efficient human-robot collaboration in shared workspaces, it is important for the robot to predict how a human will move when performing a task. While predicting human motion for tasks not known a priori is very challenging, we argue that single-arm reaching motions for known tasks in collaborative settings (which are especially relevant for manufacturing) are indeed predictable. Two hypotheses underlie our approach for predicting such motions: First, that the trajectory the human performs is optimal with respect to an unknown cost function, and second, that human adaptation to their partner's motion can be captured well through iterative replanning with the above cost function. The key to our approach is thus to learn a cost function that “explains” the motion of the human. To do this, we gather example trajectories from pairs of participants performing a collaborative assembly task using motion capture. We then use inverse optimal control to learn a cost function from these trajectories. Finally, we predict reaching motions from the human's current configuration to a task-space goal region by iteratively replanning a trajectory using the learned cost function. Our planning algorithm is based on the trajectory optimizer: stochastic trajectory optimizer for motion planning [1]; it plans for a 23-degree-of-freedom human kinematic model and accounts for the presence of a moving collaborator and obstacles in the environment. Our results suggest that in most cases, our method outperforms baseline methods when predicting motions. We also show that our method outperforms baselines for predicting human motion when a human and a robot share the workspace.
Colorando Auro: third century colouring surface treatment of fire gildings

A few decades ago, heritage scientists and art historians started to study the ancient surface colouring techniques of metal art pieces. Colouring of copper and silver has already been broadly studied but no works on gold have been reported yet. This knowledge can be very important for art and technology history, conservation–restoration and surface sciences. This paper contributes to the investigation of the oldest recipe known so far to colour fire gildings. The chosen model samples, the mixture and the application of the recipe have been summarised by referring to the ancient writings known as the Arab and Syrian Alchemist Collection of M. Berthelot. The main aim of this research is to study the colour change obtained by applying the above mentioned recipe, and to identify the processes involved during this colour change. Digital imaging and scanning electron microscopy in combination with colorimetric measurements and elemental analysis have been performed to characterise the colour change and to identify its origins.
Finite element transient thermal analysis of PMSM for aerospace applications

This paper describes finite element techniques that reduce the computational cost of the 3D transient thermal analysis. Based on those techniques a finite element package is assembled. The package is used for the transient thermal analysis, under different load conditions and ambient temperatures, of a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor for aerospace actuation applications. Its validity is verified by measurements carried out in a thermal chamber.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis on FSWed Magnesium Alloy Thin Sheets Obtained Using “Pin” and “Pinless” Tool

The present investigation aims at studying the effect of different tool geometries and process parameters on FSW of thin sheets in AZ31 magnesium alloy. In particular two properly designed tools, with shoulder diameters equal to 8 and 19 mm, were used; each of them was manufactured both in pin and pinless configurations. The effect of the different tool configurations and sizes, and welding parameters on mechanical properties of FSWed joints were analyzed in detail. The results were compared with those obtained on the base material. It was shown that FSWed joints are characterized by strength and ductility values lower than those of base material. Furthermore, the pin tool configuration, with a shoulder diameter of 8 mm, leads to the obtaining of strength and ductility values higher than those provided by the pinless one. A strong beneficial effect is obtained by increasing the shoulder diameter from 8 to 19 mm using the pinless configuration, whilst the FSW with the pin tool is critically affected by the welding conditions. The experimental work was joined to a numerical investigation based on finite element method (FEM) in order to study the material flow occurring during the welding process as well as the distribution of temperature, with the aim to identify a input window of the process parameters within which sound joints can be obtained.
Cell culture media supplementation of infrequently used sugars for the targeted shifting of protein glycosylation profiles

Mammalian cells in culture rely on sources of carbohydrates to supply the energy requirements for proliferation. In addition, carbohydrates provide a large source of the carbon supply for supporting various other metabolic activities, including the intermediates involved in the protein glycosylation pathway. Glucose and galactose, in particular, are commonly used sugars in culture media for these purposes. However, there exists a very large repertoire of other sugars in nature, and many that have been chemically synthesized. These sugars are particularly interesting because they can be utilized by cells in culture in distinct ways. In the present work it has been found that many infrequently used sugars, and the corresponding cellular response towards them as substrates, led to differences in the protein N‐glycosylation profile of a recombinant glycoprotein. The selective media supplementation of raffinose, trehalose, turanose, palatinose, melezitose, psicose, lactose, lactulose, and mannose were found to be capable of redirecting N‐glycan oligosaccharide profiles. Despite this shifting of protein glycosylation, there were no other adverse changes in culture performance, including both cell growth and cellular productivity over a wide range of supplemented sugar concentrations. The approach presented highlights a potential means towards both the targeted shifting of protein glycosylation profiles and ensuring recombinant protein comparability, which up to this point in time has remained under‐appreciated for these under‐utilized compounds. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 33:511–522, 2017
An Analytical Study of Hamiltonian Chaos in Nonsteady Finite-Amplitude Electroconvection

The extent of chaos and the suppressory role of Coulomb repulsion in the chaotic dynamics associated with nonsteady finite-amplitude electroconvection is revisited in the context of dynamical systems. Specifically, it is theoretically demonstrated that the threshold value of the charge density taming the heteroclinic chaos associated with laminar chaotic mixing depends on the sinusoidal perturbation's frequency of the fluid velocity field, which is at variance with the fixed threshold value previously reported [Chacon et al., 1994]. Additionally, the consideration of time-periodic multiharmonic perturbations reveals the great complexity of the chaotic mixing scenario.
Studies of drugs given before anaesthesia. XV. Evaluation of the method of study after 10,000 observations.

SUMMARY The method used in a long-continuing study of drugs given as premedication to healthy patients undergoing minor gynaecological operations has been reviewed in order to evaluate the importance of various potential sources of bias. Factors which were found not to have influenced the results, in the context of the standard method used throughout the study, included the subject's body weight and age, and the use of different observers. Those factors which did affect the outcome included the frequency of pre-operative visits of the subject by the observer, the precise nature of the operation performed, and the duration of anaesthesia. These considerations are discussed in the light of the design of similar clinical trials.