Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of Ether-Type Polar Lipids in Archaea and Evolutionary Considerations

SUMMARY This review deals with the in vitro biosynthesis of the characteristics of polar lipids in archaea along with preceding in vivo studies. Isoprenoid chains are synthesized through the classical mevalonate pathway, as in eucarya, with minor modifications in some archaeal species. Most enzymes involved in the pathway have been identified enzymatically and/or genomically. Three of the relevant enzymes are found in enzyme families different from the known enzymes. The order of reactions in the phospholipid synthesis pathway (glycerophosphate backbone formation, linking of glycerophosphate with two radyl chains, activation by CDP, and attachment of common polar head groups) is analogous to that of bacteria. sn-Glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase is responsible for the formation of the sn-glycerol-1-phosphate backbone of phospholipids in all archaea. After the formation of two ether bonds, CDP-archaeol acts as a common precursor of various archaeal phospholipid syntheses. Various phospholipid-synthesizing enzymes from archaea and bacteria belong to the same large CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase family. In short, the first halves of the phospholipid synthesis pathways play a role in synthesis of the characteristic structures of archaeal and bacterial phospholipids, respectively. In the second halves of the pathways, the polar head group-attaching reactions and enzymes are homologous in both domains. These are regarded as revealing the hybrid nature of phospholipid biosynthesis. Precells proposed by Wächtershäuser are differentiated into archaea and bacteria by spontaneous segregation of enantiomeric phospholipid membranes (with sn-glycerol-1-phosphate and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate backbones) and the fusion and fission of precells. Considering the nature of the phospholipid synthesis pathways, we here propose that common phospholipid polar head groups were present in precells before the differentiation into archaea and bacteria.
Overview of 5G requirements and future wireless networks

In this presentation we review the evolution of radio access networks and introduce 5G, based on the current plans and expectations, as reported in the recent series of the Ericsson Mobility Reports. Standardization is an on-going effort, and much industry research is devoted to finding a good match of requirements — balancing system performance, flexibility and implementation imphcations. We present some standardization activities, including over-the-air testing. Examples are given from both academia and industry, where mm-wave and array antenna systems are explored and their suitability for 5G is investigated.
Shaping the Effects of Television on Adolescents' Body Image Disturbance

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between several forms of parental mediation and adolescents' television processing, emotions while viewing, and body image disturbance. A survey of both parents and adolescents (at two stages) revealed that most traditional measures of parental mediation were not significantly related to any adolescent outcomes. However, measures that captured the extent to which parents discussed characters' appearance and body size were consistent predictors of the same outcomes. The data revealed that parental mediation of this incidental content—even if it criticized the television images—encouraged deep processing of the images and negative emotions, which in turn led to indicators of body image disturbance. The implications of these findings for research on both parental mediation and body image are discussed.
The AKT2 potassium channel mediates NaCl induced depolarization in the root of Arabidopsis thaliana

ABSTRACT Soil salinization is a major cause of plant stress, partly due to the physicochemical similarities between Na+ and K+. Na+ ions compete with K+ ions for their transport into root cells. However, the point of Na+ entry remains unidentified. Here, I have applied the Electrical Penetration Graph as a method for whole plant electrophysiology in order to test if (a) root exposure to NaCl induces depolarization waves that propagate from root to shoot via the phloem, and if (b) the electrophysiological effects of root exposure to NaCl require expression of the potassium channels AKT1 and/or AKT2. The data suggest that AKT2 subunit containing K+ channels mediate NaCl-induced depolarization of root cells, and that this depolarization does not propagate to leaves via the phloem.
An Overview of the Basic Principles of the Q-Coder Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coder

The Q-Coder is a new form of adaptive binary arithmetic coding. The binary arithmetic coding part of the technique is derived from the basic concepts introduced by Rissanen, Pasco, and Langdon, but extends the coding conventions to resolve a conflict between optimal software and hardware implementations. In addition, a robust form of probability estimation is used in which the probability estimate is derived solely from the interval renormalizations that are part of the arithmetic coding process. A brief tutorial of arithmetic coding concepts is presented, followed by a discussion of the compatible optimal hardware and software coding structures and the estimation of symbol probabilities from interval renormalization.
Influence of Quality Relationship and Satisfaction on Loyalty: Study on Supplier in Indonesia

This study examined the nature of linkages between the quality relationship, satisfaction and customer loyalty. Furthermore, trust, commitment and involvement of product categories also tested to see its effect on the relationship quality. This study was conducted in a business-to-business setting of loyalty supermarket suppliers in Indonesia. The researchers employed 265 respondents of SMEs suppliers of vegetable and fruit in the supermarket as the sample. This research used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analysis the relationship. The results revealed that the relationship quality and satisfaction effect on loyalty. The overall goodness of fit statistics shows that the structural model fits the data well.
A Reified Temporal Logic

This paper presents a reified temporal logic for representing and reasoning about temporal and non-temporal relationships between non-temporal assertions. A clear syntax and semantics for the logic is formally provided. Three types of predicates, temporal predicates, non-temporal predicates and meta-predicates, are introduced. Terms of the proposed language are partitioned into three types, temporal terms, non-temporal terms and propositional terms. Reified propositions consist of formulae with each predicate being either a temporal predicate or a meta-predicate. Meta-predicates may take both temporal terms and propositional terms together as arguments or take propositional terms alone. A standard formula of the classical first-order language with each predicate being a non-temporal predicate taking only non-temporal terms as arguments is reified as just a propositional term. A general time ontology has been provided which can be specialized to a variety of existing temporal systems. The new logic allows one to predicate and quantify over propositional terms while according a special status of time; for example, assertions such as ‘effects cannot precede their causes’ is ensured in the logic, and some problematic temporal aspects including the delay time between events and their effects can be conveniently expressed. Applications of the logic are presented including the characterization of the negation of properties and their contextual sentences, and the expression of temporal relations between actions and effects.
Behavior of free Testosterone in Patients with Prostate Cancer on Androgen Deprivation Therapy

Objectives Determination of free testosterone (FT) serum level is an efficient method to evaluate bioavailable testosterone. We analyzed the behavior of serum FT in patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and correlated FT with total testosterone (TT). We also analyzed the efficiency of both isoforms in the evaluation of the ADT. Methods Serum levels of TT and FT were determined in 191 patients with prostate cancer in a cross-sectional study. A subset of 56 patients submitted only to radical prostatectomy served as control group. The remaining 135 patients with advanced prostate cancer on three-month LHRH agonist treatment comprised the study group. The median age of the population was 73 years (range, 53–86 years) and the median time on ADT was 42 months (6–198). Results A significant correlation and linear regression between TT and FT was observed (r2 0.948). The efficiency of TT and FT to discriminate patients with and without ADT was similar (AUC: 0.993 and 0.995, respectively, p>0.05). A castration level of serum FT established at 1.7 pg/mL had a sensitivity of 85.9% and a specificity of 100%, which are similar to the sensitivity and specificity of 50 ng/dL of TT. All patients without ADT had levels of serum TT and FT above the castration level. In 19 of the 135 (14.1%) patients on ADT serum TT was above 50 ng/dL. In 12 of these 19 patients (63.2%) serum FT was below 1.7 pg/mL while in seven patients (5.2%) FT was also above the castration level. Conclusions The castration level of FT was established at 1.7 pg/mL. Serum TT and TF correlated very well; however, they seemed to provide complementary information in the evaluation of ADT efficiency. 14.1% of the patients on ADT failed to reach the castration level of serum TT; determination of serum FT in these patients would reduce this rate to 5.2%.
Model-based identification and control of the velocity vector orientation for autonomous kites

In this paper we address a control problem for an autonomous tethered kite system for the purpose of airborne wind energy generation. In particular, we design a tracking controller for the velocity vector orientation of the kite. Motivated by empirical data we model the kite steering behaviour as a delayed dynamical system and explicitly utilise the derived model information for the controller design. We identify the involved parameters from experimental data. To adapt to changes in operating conditions we update the parameter estimation on-line. We present results of the derived approach successfully tested in real-world flight experiments.
An Extension of the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve and AUC-Optimal Classification

While most proposed methods for solving classification problems focus on minimization of the classification error rate, we are interested in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which provides more information about classification performance than the error rate does. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is a natural measure for overall assessment of a classifier based on the ROC curve. We discuss a class of concave functions for AUC maximization in which a boosting-type algorithm including RankBoost is considered, and the Bayesian risk consistency and the lower bound of the optimum function are discussed. A procedure derived by maximizing a specific optimum function has high robustness, based on gross error sensitivity. Additionally, we focus on the partial AUC, which is the partial area under the ROC curve. For example, in medical screening, a high true-positive rate to the fixed lower false-positive rate is preferable and thus the partial AUC corresponding to lower false-positive rates is much more important than the remaining AUC. We extend the class of concave optimum functions for partial AUC optimality with the boosting algorithm. We investigated the validity of the proposed method through several experiments with data sets in the UCI repository.
The Development of a Full-Field Image Ranger System for Mobile Robotic Platforms

A mobile robot’s ability to rapidly and accurately measure variables in its external environment is vital to its ability to function in that environment. A variety of sensors are available to provide a robot with such information but typically have a trade-off between update rate, accuracy and field of view. Full-field range imaging, where every object in the sensor’s field of view is ranged, offers both a wide field of view and accurate range measurements at update rates greater than existing sensor technologies with similar accuracy and fields of view. This paper outlines the development of a field programmable gate array (FPGA) based mid-distance (0 — 15 m) range imaging system capable of being mounted on mobile robotic platforms. Experimental results are presented giving an indication of the performance of the system.
Using a humanoid robot for music therapy with autistic children

Mimicry is an important social skill for every person. A humanoid robot is used to play with autistic children in order to attract their attention and want to improve their concentration. Music therapy plays also an important role in this experiment. Robot plays with autistic children with music. The robot will imitate the notes which the child has played, and then the child has to imitate the robot in return. The purpose of the treatment is to improve their social skills including interpersonal synchrony and concentration can help them to adapt this society easier and make a better life in the future.
Preterm Birth: A Review of Genetic Factors and Future Directions for Genetic Study

Preterm birth remains the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality and is likely the result of interactions between specific genes and the maternal or fetal environment. The strong familial clustering of disease with documented increased risks in patients with a personal or family history of preterm birth and the racial disparities in the incidence of preterm birth support a genetic component of this condition. New technologies such as microarray, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis, and proteomics will lead to the eventual identification and characterization of the genetic etiology of preterm birth. Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to recall that preterm birth (PTB) continues to be the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, explain that the causes are multifactorial and that there are indications of genetic/environmental causes, and state that new genetic technologies may assist in early identification and possible prevention.
Short Communication: Ethnozoology – The perception of Tobelo Dalam tribal community in Saolat Village, East Halmahera, Indonesia towards cuscus (Phalangeridae)

Kusumaningrum EN, Supriatna J, Abinawanto, Bowolaksono A. 2018. Short Communication: Ethnozoology – The perception of Tobelo Dalam tribal community in Saolat Village, East Halmahera, Indonesia towards cuscus (Phalangeridae). Biodiversitas 19: 2140-2146. The complexity of the hard lives of Tobelo Dalam tribal community who live in Saolat village, district South Wasile provokes the high activity of animal poaching in Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park (TNAL) including cuscus hunting for both sale and consumption purposes. The study aimed to describe the traditional knowledge of Tobelo Dalam people in Saolat village in applying the systems of utilization and local conservation knowledge towards cuscus. This study was analyzed by the qualitative method with explorative survey technique, interview, and completing questionnaires. This study used 4 key informants (3 males, 1 female) and 50 adult respondents (25 males and 25 females). The results showed that the average percentage of traditional knowledge owned by males and females were 69.1% and 30.9 %, respectively, so the males had an advantage of knowledge around 38.3 % than females in addressing the traditional knowledge of cuscus. The community of Tobelo Dalam tribe hunts cuscus for four different purposes, i.e., for traditional ceremonies, traditional medicine, cuisine, and sell it for more income to support the economy of family.
Safety and Feasibility of NeuroFlo Use in Eight- to 24–Hour Ischemic Stroke Patients

Background Acute treatment of ischemic stroke patients presenting more than eight-hours after symptom onset remains limited and largely unproven. Partial aortic occlusion using the NeuroFlo catheter can augment cerebral perfusion in animals. We investigated the safety and feasibility of employing this novel catheter to treat ischemic stroke patients eight-hours to 24 h following symptom onset. Methods A multicenter, single-arm trial enrolled ischemic stroke patients at nine international academic medical centers. Eligibility included age 18–85 years old, National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score between four and 20, within eight-hours to 24 h after symptom onset, and perfusion–diffusion mismatch confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. The primary outcome was all adverse events occurring from baseline to 30 days posttreatment. Secondary outcomes included stroke severity on neurological indices through 90 days. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00436592. Results A total of 26 patients were enrolled. Of these, 25 received treatment (one excluded due to aortic morphology); five (20%) died. Favorable neurological outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin score 0–2 vs. 3–6) was associated with lower baseline NIHSS (P < 0·001) and with longer duration from symptom discovery to treatment. There were no symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages or parenchymal hematomas. Asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was visible on computed tomography in 32% and only on microbleed in another 20%. Conclusions Partial aortic occlusion using the NeuroFlo catheter, a novel collateral therapeutic strategy, appears safe and feasible in stroke patients eight-hours to 24 h after symptom onset.
Simultaneous determination of muscle perfusion and oxygenation by interleaved NMR plethysmography and deoxymyoglobin spectroscopy

A novel approach is presented that combines NMR‐plethysmography and NMRS of deoxymyoglobin in real‐time, using line‐by‐line interleaved acquisitions of both gradient echo images during venous occlusion and of the N‐δ proton signal of myoglobin's proximal F8 histidine. This method allowed simultaneous measurement of peripheral regional perfusion and skeletal muscle oxygen content. During reactive hyperaemia, using our combined NMRI–NMRS protocol, we explored the relationship between muscle reoxygenation (myoglobin resaturation half‐time, y in s) and reperfusion (x in ml/100 g tissue/min) and found it to be highly significant (y=70.83x−0.94; r2=0.70; F=64.40; p=9.73×10−9). We also demonstrated that at low flow, muscle perfusion was a rate‐limiting factor to reoxygenation. Making certain hypotheses, muscle oxygen extraction was derived from perfusion and myoglobin resaturation rate. Muscle oxygen extraction during early post‐ischemic recovery (0.78±0.11, 0.79±0.09 and 0.72±0.05 at 0, 60 and 100 Torr counter‐pressure, respectively) was shown to be independent of perfusion and maximum at each step of the protocol in most volunteers but also to display significant variability among subjects in this supposedly normal population sample. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ageing and Care for Frail Elderly Persons: An Overview of International Perspectives

This paper examines the various constraints which OECD Member countries must now deal with, faced with the prospects of rapid growth in the number of frail elderly persons. It pays particular attention to recent trends in disability. Most of the available cross-country evidence shows trends towards better functional health in older populations, although the magnitude of the gains and their significance need further assessment. In this context, this paper advocates an “active ageing” approach to long-term care policies. It provides some rough estimates of the macroeconomic costs of long-term care. It also presents some indicators of public/private financing and institutionalisation rates. The public costs of providing long-term care are estimated to be relatively modest as a proportion of GDP (of the order of 1 or 2 per cent or less). However, much care for the frail elderly is provided through informal care-giving arrangements which are not reflected in official figures.
Application of C-band polarimetric radar on rainfall-type classification

The rainfall-type classification method which gives a judgment of the presence of the melting layer in addition to a conventional convective-stratiform classification was developed using a C-band polarimetric radar. The convective-stratiform separation was conducted based on the horizontal Zhh field. The melting layer was detected using the vertical profile of ρhv. Four rainfall types are identified by a combination of these two classifications: 1) convective rainfall with melting layer, 2) convective rainfall with no melting layer, 3) stratiform rainfall with melting layer, and 4) stratiform rainfall with no melting layer.
Native arteriovenous fistula: preoperative evaluation.

Duplex sonography recently has been recognized as an objective and noninvasive method to assess morphological and functional parameters of vessels that could predict arteriovenous fistula (AVF) patency and time of adequate maturation. To prospectively study prognostic indicators of native AVFs, forearm arteries and veins of patients with end-stage renal disease were examined by duplex sonography before AVF construction. Several anatomic parameters, including feeding artery internal diameter (IDA), resistance index (RI), and arterial blood flow (Q(A)) before and at reactive hyperemia (RH) and internal diameter of the vein (IDV) before and after proximal vein compression (PVC), were measured. Measurements of the feeding artery were repeated at different periods after native AVF construction. One hundred sixteen patients were included on the study. The primary patency rate (successful constructed AVF) of native AVFs was 80.2%. In this group, mean values for IDA were 0.264 cm; RI at RH, 0.50; and Q(A), 54.5 mL/min. IDV increased after PVC for 59.3%. In the group with failed AVFs (19.8%), mean IDA was 0.162 cm; RI at RH, 0.70; and Q(A), 24.1 mL/min. IDV increased after PVC for only 12.4%. Patency rates after surgery in a group with IDAs greater than 0.16 cm was 93%, and with IDAs of 0.16 cm or less, 32%. In a group with RIs at RH less than 0.7, the patency rate was 95.3%, and with RIs of 0.7 or greater, 38.7%. An AVF feeding artery Q(A) of 300 mL/min was achieved in the group with IDAs greater than 0.16 cm, those with RIs at RH less than 0.7 after 1 week, those with IDAs of 0.16 cm or less between 3 and 8 weeks, and those with RIs of 0.7 or greater between 8 and 12 weeks. This study shows that duplex sonography may provide useful data on preoperative morphological and functional characteristics of vessels used for AVF construction. Increase in IDA, Q(A), RI at RH, and IDV after PVC are important to predict AVF primary patency rate. Based on these measurements, the most adequate location for AVF construction, as well as time of optimal AVF development, can be determined, particularly for patients at greater risk for primary failure, such as the elderly and patients with diabetes.