Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cellular localization of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in the duodenum and jejunum

Indirect immunofluorescence studies using an antiserum to purified porcine gastric inhibitory polypeptide indicate, in the gastrointestinal tract of dog and man, that this polypeptide is present in cells situated predominantly in the mid-zone of the glands in the duodenum and, to a lesser extent, in the jejunum. Absolute correlation of the gastric inhibitory polypeptide cell with one or other of the known endocrine-like cells identified by electron microscopy awaits confirmation by electron immunocytochemistry. It is here identified as an endocrine polypeptide cell of the APUD series and, provisionally, as the D1 cell. While the hormonal status of a given polypeptide depends ultimately on physiological experiments the present results strengthen the view that gastric inhibitory polypeptide is indeed a hormone.
An Access Router based NEMO Route Optimization Scheme in Aeronautical Passenger Communications Environment

Abstract IETF has developed the NEtwork MObility Basic Support (NEMO BS) protocol to handle mobility of an entire mobile network and it is considered as a basic solution of aeronautical communication. If this NEMO BS used in Aeronautical Passenger Communications (APC) environment, the basic protocol and the existing route optimization (RO) schemes of it may face some problems such as high end-to-end delay, high signaling overhead or high load of the home agent. In this paper, a brief analysis of NEMO RO in APC is given and a scheme named APCRO is presented to optimize the route of NEMO especially for APC. The key points of our mechanism include: 1) establish an Access Router (AR) to correspondent node (CN) RO scheme to optimize the path on the ground network and 2) update the user’s location by the home agent of the mobile router. The evaluation and the comparison with other mechanism illustrate the end-to-end delay of the proposed scheme is as low as possible, in addition, the signaling overhead on the air-to-ground wireless channel in APCRO is the smallest among schemes which have the similar end-to-end delay. So APCRO is feasible and suitable for APC environment.
Effects of Acarbose Addition on Ruminal Bacterial Microbiota, Lipopolysaccharide Levels and Fermentation Characteristics In vitro

This study investigated the effects of acarbose addition on changes in ruminal fermentation characteristics and the composition of the ruminal bacterial community in vitro using batch cultures. Rumen fluid was collected from the rumens of three cannulated Holstein cattle fed forage ad libitum that was supplemented with 6 kg of concentrate. The batch cultures consisted of 8 mL of strained rumen fluid in 40 mL of an anaerobic buffer containing 0.49 g of corn grain, 0.21 g of soybean meal, 0.15 g of alfalfa and 0.15g of Leymus chinensis. Acarbose was added to incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/mL. After incubation for 24 h, the addition of acarbose linearly decreased (p<0.05) the total gas production and the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids, lactate and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It also linearly increased (p<0.05) the ratio of acetate to propionate, the concentrations of isovalerate, valerate and ammonia-nitrogen and the pH value compared with the control. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the addition of acarbose decreased (p<0.05) the proportion of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and increased (p<0.05) the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Fibrobacteres, and Synergistetes compared with the control. A principal coordinates analysis plot based on unweighted UniFrac values and molecular variance analysis revealed that the structure of the ruminal bacterial communities in the control was different to that of the ruminal microbiota in the acarbose group. In conclusion, acarbose addition can affect the composition of the ruminal microbial community and may be potentially useful for preventing the occurrence of ruminal acidosis and the accumulation of LPS in the rumen.
The Standard Cost Model - A Critical Appraisal

Economies definitely suffer from red tape. So part of the initiative, which has been launched under the catchword "less and better regulation" is dedicated to the measure and reduction of administrative burdens for businesses. One attempt which has earned widespread attention and support is the "standard cost model" (SCM). In this paper, a brief summery of the model is offered as a starting point for a critical examination. It turns out that the method contains several shortcomings. It must thus be doubted that it could serve as a starting point for the typical cost-benefit-analysis which is contained in a more comprehensive regulatory impact assessment.
Geographic differences in the epidemiological features of HCV infection in Korea

Background/Aims The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Korea exhibits significant geographic variation, with it being higher in Busan and Jeonam than in other areas. The reason for this intranational geographic difference was investigated in this study by conducting a comparative analysis of the risk factors related to HCV infection among three geographic areas: the capital (Seoul), Busan, and the province of Jeolla. Methods In total, 990 patients with chronic HCV infection were prospectively enrolled at 5 university hospitals located in Seoul (n=374), Busan (n=264), and Jeolla (n=352). A standardized questionnaire survey on the risk factors for HCV infection was administered to these three groups of patients, and a comparative analysis of the findings was performed. Results The analysis revealed significant regional differences in exposure to the risk factors of HCV infection. By comparison with patients in Seoul as a control group in the multivariate analysis, patients in Busan had significantly more experience of invasive medical procedures, acupuncture, cosmetic procedures, and multiple sex partners. In contrast, patients in Jeolla were significantly older, and they had a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma, a lower prevalence of multiple sex partners, and had experienced fewer invasive procedures. Conclusions There was a significant geographic difference in the exposure to potential risk factors of HCV infection between patients from the three studied regions. This may explain the regional variation of the prevalence of HCV infection in Korea, and should be taken into account when planning strategies for the prevention and management of HCV infection.
Detecting Bubbles in the Hong Kong Residential Property Market: An Explosive-Pattern Approach

This study applies the newly developed bubble detection method (Phillips, Wu and Yu, 2011) to identifying asset bubbles in the Hong Kong residential property market. Our empirical results show that the method is capable of detecting the 1997 bubble and is able to reveal the corresponding origination and collapse, showing its superiority over the standard unit root and co-integration method. During the period between mid-2009 and early 2011, the method indicates strong upward price pressure in the mass segment and bubble-type behaviour in two short periods of time in the luxury segment. The results, however, show potential shortcomings of the method including: the high correlation between the price-rent differentials and t-statistics near the critical values, and the symmetric property towards explosive growth and precipitant fall of the time series.
Invariance and Sensitivity to Intensity in Neural Discrimination of Natural Sounds

Intensity variation poses a fundamental problem for sensory discrimination because changes in the response of sensory neurons as a result of stimulus identity, e.g., a change in the identity of the speaker uttering a word, can potentially be confused with changes resulting from stimulus intensity, for example, the loudness of the utterance. Here we report on the responses of neurons in field L, the primary auditory cortex homolog in songbirds, which allow for accurate discrimination of birdsongs that is invariant to intensity changes over a large range. Such neurons comprise a subset of a population that is highly diverse, in terms of both discrimination accuracy and intensity sensitivity. We find that the neurons with a high degree of invariance also display a high discrimination performance, and that the degree of invariance is significantly correlated with the reproducibility of spike timing on a short time scale and the temporal sparseness of spiking activity. Our results indicate that a temporally sparse spike timing-based code at a primary cortical stage can provide a substrate for intensity-invariant discrimination of natural sounds.
Semantic characterisation : knowledge discovery for training set

This paper has proposed the use Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) to extract semantic information to make the best use of the existing knowledge contained in training sets : Semantic Characterisation (SemC). SemC uses LSI to capture the implicit semantic structure in documents by directly applying category labels imposed by experts to make semantic structure explicit. The training set filtered by SemC is tested on a supervised automated text categorisation system using Support Vector Machine as classifier. Category by category analysis has shown the ability to bring out the semantic characteristics of the datasets. Even with a reduced training set, SemC is able to overcome the generalisation problem due to its ability to reduce noise within individual categories. Our empirical results also demonstrated that SemC managed to improve categorisation results of heavily overlapping categories. Empirical results also showed that SemC is applicable to a various supervised classifiers.
Dissociation of Subjectively Reported and Behaviorally Indexed Mind Wandering by EEG Rhythmic Activity

Inattention to current activity is ubiquitous in everyday situations. Mind wandering is an example of such a state, and its related brain areas have been examined in the literature. However, there is no clear evidence regarding neural rhythmic activities linked to mind wandering. Using a vigilance task with thought sampling and electroencephalography recording, the current study simultaneously examined neural oscillatory activities related to subjectively reported and behaviorally indexed mind wandering. By implementing time-frequency analysis, we found that subjectively reported mind wandering, relative to behaviorally indexed, showed increased gamma band activity at bilateral frontal-central areas. By means of beamformer source imaging, we found subjectively reported mind wandering within the gamma band to be characterized by increased activation in bilateral frontal cortices, supplemental motor area, paracentral cortex and right inferior temporal cortex in comparison to behaviorally indexed mind wandering. These findings dissociate subjectively reported and behaviorally indexed mind wandering and suggest that a higher degree of executive control processes are engaged in subjectively reported mind wandering.
The positive impact of simultaneous implementation of the BD FocalPoint GS Imaging System and lean principles on the operation of gynecologic cytology.

CONTEXT Our cytology laboratory, like many others, is under pressure to improve quality and provide test results faster while decreasing costs. We sought to address these issues by introducing new technology and lean principles. OBJECTIVE To determine the combined impact of the FocalPoint Guided Screener (GS) Imaging System (BD Diagnostics-TriPath, Burlington, North Carolina) and lean manufacturing principles on the turnaround time (TAT) and productivity of the gynecologic cytology operation. DESIGN We established a baseline measure of the TAT for Papanicolaou tests. We then compared that to the performance after implementing the FocalPoint GS Imaging System and lean principles. The latter included value-stream mapping, workflow modification, and a first in-first out policy. RESULTS The mean (SD) TAT for Papanicolaou tests before and after the implementation of FocalPoint GS Imaging System and lean principles was 4.38 (1.28) days and 3.20 (1.32) days, respectively. This represented a 27% improvement in the average TAT, which was statistically significant (P < .001). In addition, the productivity of staff improved 17%, as evidenced by the increase in slides screened from 8.85/h to 10.38/h. The false-negative fraction decreased from 1.4% to 0.9%, representing a 36% improvement. CONCLUSIONS In our laboratory, the implementation of FocalPoint GS Imaging System in conjunction with lean principles resulted in a significant decrease in the average TAT for Papanicolaou tests and a substantial increase in the productivity of cytotechnologists while maintaining the diagnostic quality of gynecologic cytology.
On the mass-to-light ratio and the initial mass function in disc galaxies

A low mass-to-light (M/L) ratio for the stellar component of spiral galaxies (M/L≲ 1 in the I band) is advocated by various dynamical arguments and by recent cosmological simulations of the formation of these systems. We discuss this possibility by means of chemo-photometric models for galactic discs, adopting different initial mass functions (IMFs). We show that a number of ‘bottom-light’ initial mass functions (namely, with less mass locked in low-mass stars than the standard Salpeter IMF), suggested independently in recent literature, do imply M/L ratios as low as mentioned above, at least for late-type spirals (Sbc/Sc). This conclusion still holds when the bulge contribution to mass and light is included. We also predict the typical stellar M/L ratio, and correspondingly the zero-point of the Tully–Fisher relation, to vary considerably with Hubble type (approximately 0.5–0.7 mag in the red bands, from Sa to Sc type). For some of the bottom-light IMFs considered, the efficiency of metal production tends to exceed what is typically estimated for spiral galaxies. Suitable tuning of the IMF mass limits, post-supernova fallback of metals on to black holes or metal outflows must then be invoked, to reproduce the observed chemical properties of disc galaxies. In the appendix we provide M/L–colour relations to estimate the stellar M/L ratio of a galaxy on the basis of its colours, for several IMFs.
Investigation of a Novel Mechanical to Thermal Energy Converter Based on the Inverse Problem of Electric Machines

A novel converter that can directly transform electrical, wind, hydraulic and other types of mechanical energy into thermal energy is presented in this study. First, the thermal energy of the converter is classified and then calculated by a finite element method. The eddy current distribution in the stator of the converter is also discussed. Second, the temperature field of the converter is calculated using a boundary element method. Subsequently, a thermal power–temperature coupled calculation method is presented to calculate the actual thermal power and temperature of the converter. The characteristic curves of the actual thermal power and the increase in water flow temperature are then presented based on the calculation results. Lastly, an experimental system is built, the thermal power and temperature of the converter are measured and the experimental results and the analytical calculations are compared.
ESHRE guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis.

The objective was to develop recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis and its associated symptoms. A working group was convened comprised of practising gynaecologists and experts in evidence-based medicine from Europe, as well as an endometriosis self-help group representative. After reviewing existing evidence-based guidelines and systematic reviews, the expert panel met on three occasions for a day during which the guideline was developed and refined. Recommendations based solely on the clinical experience of the panel were avoided as much as possible. The entire ESHRE Special Interest Group for Endometriosis and Endometrium was given the opportunity to comment on the draft guideline, after which it was available for comment on the ESHRE website for 3 months. The working group then ratified the guideline by unanimous or near-unanimous voting; finally, it was approved by the ESHRE Executive Committee. The guideline will be updated regularly, and will be made available at http://www.endometriosis. org/guidelines.html with hyperlinks to the supporting evidence, and the relevant references and abstracts. For women presenting with symptoms suggestive of endometriosis, a definitive diagnosis of most forms of endometriosis requires visual inspection of the pelvis at laparoscopy as the 'gold standard' investigation. However, pain symptoms suggestive of the disease can be treated without a definitive diagnosis using a therapeutic trial of a hormonal drug to reduce menstrual flow. In women with laparoscopically confirmed disease, suppression of ovarian function for 6 months reduces endometriosis-associated pain; all hormonal drugs studied are equally effective although their side-effects and cost profiles differ. Ablation of endometriotic lesions reduces endometriosis-associated pain and the smallest effect is seen in patients with minimal disease; there is no evidence that also performing laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation (LUNA) is necessary. In minimal-mild endometriosis, suppression of ovarian function to improve fertility is not effective, but ablation of endometriotic lesions plus adhesiolysis is effective compared to diagnostic laparoscopy alone. There is insufficient evidence available to determine whether surgical excision of moderate-severe endometriosis enhances pregnancy rates. IVF is appropriate treatment especially if there are coexisting causes of infertility and/or other treatments have failed, but IVF pregnancy rates are lower in women with endometriosis than in those with tubal infertility. The management of severe/deeply infiltrating endometriosis is complex and referral to a centre with the necessary expertise is strongly recommended. Patient self-help groups can provide invaluable counselling, support and advice.
USING ESTA TO DEVELOP EXPERT SYSTEM FOR THE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

In this paper we describe role of expert systems in the natural resource management and present the utility of prolog based expert system shell ESTA (Expert System shell for Text Animation) in the development of such an expert system. ESTA programming is based on logic programming approach. The ESTA programme has some advantages compared to other available expert system shell such as the C Language Integrated Production Systems (CLIPS). It is easy to use, fast, and requires little programming experience. Expert system development for natural resource management has been explored through presenting in details development of knowledge base ,using hypothetico-deductive diagnostic reasoning, for the visual image interpretation of IRS-1B based standard false color composite (FCC) image.
Fabrication of Short Polymer Fibers by Electrospinning and Control of Fiber Length

ポリマーファイバーは一般に静電紡糸法で合成され,フィルターなどに用いられる。 ポリマー短繊維 はコンポジット材料等におけるフィラーとして用いられる。 本論文では,静電紡糸法による 2 種類のポ リマー短繊維の一段合成法として放電を利用した方法,静電紡糸における紡糸条件を制御することによ って繊維を切断する方法を開発した。 ポリマー短繊維の長さの制御方法としてノズル径,印加電圧,ポ リマー溶液の流量,ナノ粒子添加量を変化させた。 第 1 章では,ポリマーファイバーを合成する様々な方法として延伸法,テンプレート合成法,相分離 法,静電紡糸法を概説した。 第 2 章では,ポリマー短繊維の合成法として放電をカッティングツールとした一段階静電紡糸法の開 発について述べた。 酢酸セルロースと有機溶媒からなる溶液はノズルより排出し,静電場により引き伸 ばされた後に,5 kHzの周波数で発生し,放電している 2つの電極間を通るときに切断される。 合成さ れた短繊維の平均長さは 231 μm であり,その値は溶液流量と放電周波数から計算された理論値と一致 した。 第 3 章では,ポリマー濃度,流量,印加電圧を変化させることで長さの制御された静電紡糸法による ポリマー短繊維の一段階合成について述べた。 溶液中の酢酸セルロースの濃度は重要な因子であり,13 ~15 wt%の場合,短繊維が合成できた。 繊維の長さは溶液流量の増加とともに上昇し,印加電圧を上昇 させると長さは減少し,結果として,長さ 37~670 μm の短繊維が合成できた。 ポリマー溶液はノズル より排出された後に分裂し,短繊維に断裂した。 これはポリマーの表面電荷による反発力と印加電圧に よる長手方向の力の急激な上昇によるものであった。 第 4 章では,静電紡糸法によるポリマー短繊維の長さに対するノズル内径の影響を述べた。 酢酸セル ロース溶液は内径の異なる様々なノズルから排出され,静電反発力による分裂によりポリマー短繊維が 合成できた。 ノズルの内径を 0.11~0.26 mmに変化させることでポリマー短繊維の長さを 10~240 μm と制御できた。 第 5 章では,チタニアと酢酸セルロースによるコンポジット短繊維の合成について述べた。 コンポジ ット短繊維の長さはナノ粒子を 5 wt%添加することによって 112 μm から 70 μmへと急激に減少し,ナ ノ粒子を 50 wt%添加することで繊維の長さは徐々に減少することを明らかにした。 ナノ粒子が低濃度の 場合,コンポジット短繊維の長さはナノ粒子の表面電荷の影響を受けることが分かった。 すなわち,マ イナス電荷を帯びたナノ粒子は溶液中でマイナス電荷を帯びたポリマー中に良好に分散し,結果として コンポジット短繊維の長さが増加した。 第 6章では,各章で得られた結果を総括して,本論文の成果を述べた。 以上,審査の結果,本論文の著者は博士(工学)の学位を授与される十分な資格があるものと認めら れる。
Comparative Study of Classification Techniques with Labeled Data in Wireless Sensor Network

The wireless sensor nodes are getting smaller, but Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are getting larger with the technological developments, currently containing thousands of nodes and possibly millions of nodes in the future. To deal with the large volume of data produced by these special kinds of wireless networks, one approach is use of Data Mining techniques. Classification is an important task in data mining. Classification of sensory data is a major research problem in WSNs and it can be widely used in reducing the data transmission in WSNs effectively and also in process monitoring. In this paper, Labelled Wireless Sensor Network Data is used for mining. This multihop data consist of humidity and temperature measurements. To mine the sensor data three classification techniques J48(Decision Tree), Naive Bayes, and ZeroR are considered in this study. Experimental investigation yields a significant output in terms of the correctly classified instances. At the end it has been found that Naive Bayes is a suitable method to classify the large amount of data considered is made finally according to the mining result.
Time Frequency Effects on Market Indices: World Commovements

The international comovement of stock market indices is reviewed. The most powerful argument for cross-border investing is the risk reduction due to low correlation of world's stock markets. Diversifying risk has become even more important as financial markets globalize, helped by advanced information technology which lowers the transaction costs. Systematic risk is lowered through international diversification in markets with low correlation with domestic markets. Investors must be willing to take advantage of these correlations to reduce volatility in their portfolios. As such, we show the usefulness of wavelet analysis for financial relations. The current work tries to analyze the relationship among eleven stock indices using wavelet theory, applying the MODWT, cross-Wavelets techniques, and regression analysis for different time scales. The findings suggest that there is strong to moderate cointegration among many stock markets, and as such there is evidence of intra-continental relationships. We were thus able to disentangle different short, medium and long-run relations. The importance of historical transmissions is low for the period under analysis.