Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applications of Carbon Nanotubes to Flexible Transparent Conductive Electrodes

Transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) have attracted great interest because of their wide range of applications in solar cells, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and touch screen panels (TSPs). Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin films as TCEs possess exceptional optoelectronic properties, but they have several disadvantages such as a brittle nature due to their low fracture strain and lack of flexibility, a high processing temperature that damages the flexible substrates, low adhesion to polymeric materials, and relative rarity on Earth, which makes their price unstable. This has motivated several research studies of late for developing alternative materials to replace ITO such as metal meshes, metal nanowires, conductive polymers, graphene, and car- bon nanotubes (CNTs). Out of the abovementioned candidates, CNTs have advantages in chemical stability, thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and flexibility. However, there are still several problems yet to be solved for achieving CNT-based flexible TCEs with excellent characteristics and high stability. In this chapter, the properties of CNTs and their applications especially for flexible TCEs are presented, including the preparation details of CNTs based on solution processes, the surface modification of flexible substrates, and the various types of hybrid TCEs based on CNTs.
Local Conduction in MoxW1–xSe2: The Role of Stacking Faults, Defects, and Alloying

Here, we report on the surface conductivity of WSe2 and MoxW1–xSe2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) crystals investigated with conductive atomic force microscopy. We found that stacking faults, defects, and chemical heterogeneities form distinct two-dimensional and one-dimensional conduction paths on the transition metal dichalcogenide surface. In the case of WSe2, in addition to step edges, we find a significant amount of stacking faults (formed during the cleaving process) that strongly influence the surface conductivity. These regions are attributed to the alternation of the 2H and 3R polytypism. The stacking faults form regular 2D patterns by alternation of the underlying stacking order, with a periodicity that varies significantly between different regions and samples. In the case of MoxW1–xSe2, its conductivity has a localized nature, which depends on the underlying chemical composition and the Mo/W ratio. Segregation to W-rich and Mo-rich regions during the growth process leads to nonuniform conduction paths on the surface of the alloy. We found a gradual change of the conductivity moving from one region to the other, reminiscent of lateral band bending. Our results demonstrate the use of C-AFM as a nanoscopic tool to probe the electrical properties of largely inhomogeneous samples and show the complicated nature of the surface conductivity of TMDC alloys.
An Integrated Approach for Massive Sequential Data Processing in Civil Infrastructure Operation and Maintenance

This paper presents an extract-transform-load (ETL) approach based on multilayer task execution for processing massive sequential data collected from infrastructure operation and maintenance. The proposed approach consists of ETL task partition, execution mode selection, and ETL modeling. The task partition focuses on dividing the ETL process into four tasks to be executed in accordance with different organizational forms of data. Sequenced or non-sequenced load mode is optional, which is independent of the data standardization. In addition, the ETL modeling phase implements conceptual, logical, and physical modeling for the multi-dimensional model. Our main objective is to integrate massive sequential data, enhancing decision-making performance for the intelligent management platform. Traffic data for two years were collected from various systems and acquisition tools of different providers to evaluate the data integration capability of the proposed approach. Furthermore, Kettle software was used to perform transformation and job modules for the multilayer tasks. In addition, a machine learning algorithm was used to generate traffic warning in the tunnels based on the integrated data. The proposed approach is promising for the management and analysis of massive sequential data generated in operation, the maintenance of transportation tunnels, and effective decision-making.
Quantification of Graph Complexity Based on the Edge Weight Distribution Balance: Application to Brain Networks

The aim of this study was to introduce a novel global measure of graph complexity: Shannon graph complexity (SGC). This measure was specifically developed for weighted graphs, but it can also be applied to binary graphs. The proposed complexity measure was designed to capture the interplay between two properties of a system: the 'information' (calculated by means of Shannon entropy) and the 'order' of the system (estimated by means of a disequilibrium measure). SGC is based on the concept that complex graphs should maintain an equilibrium between the aforementioned two properties, which can be measured by means of the edge weight distribution. In this study, SGC was assessed using four synthetic graph datasets and a real dataset, formed by electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from controls and schizophrenia patients. SGC was compared with graph density (GD), a classical measure used to evaluate graph complexity. Our results showed that SGC is invariant with respect to GD and independent of node degree distribution. Furthermore, its variation with graph size [Formula: see text] is close to zero for [Formula: see text]. Results from the real dataset showed an increment in the weight distribution balance during the cognitive processing for both controls and schizophrenia patients, although these changes are more relevant for controls. Our findings revealed that SGC does not need a comparison with null-hypothesis networks constructed by a surrogate process. In addition, SGC results on the real dataset suggest that schizophrenia is associated with a deficit in the brain dynamic reorganization related to secondary pathways of the brain network.
Dynamic syslog mining for network failure monitoring

Syslog monitoring technologies have recently received vast attentions in the areas of network management and network monitoring. They are used to address a wide range of important issues including network failure symptom detection and event correlation discovery. Syslogs are intrinsically dynamic in the sense that they form a time series and that their behavior may change over time. This paper proposes a new methodology of dynamic syslog mining in order to detect failure symptoms with higher confidence and to discover sequential alarm patterns among computer devices. The key ideas of dynamic syslog mining are 1) to represent syslog behavior using a mixture of Hidden Markov Models, 2) to adaptively learn the model using an on-line discounting learning algorithm in combination with dynamic selection of the optimal number of mixture components, and 3) to give anomaly scores using universal test statistics with a dynamically optimized threshold. Using real syslog data we demonstrate the validity of our methodology in the scenarios of failure symptom detection, emerging pattern identification, and correlation discovery.
Sampling Properties of Contagion Tests

The finite sample properties of recent tests of contagion are investigated using a range of Monte Carlo experiments. Some variations of these tests are also investigated to correct for size distortions and weak instrument problems. The finite sample results show that the Forbes-Rigobon and Pesaran-Pick tests are conservative tests, while the Favero-Giavazzi and Bae-Karolyi-Stulz tests are oversized. Two proposed variants of the Forbes and Rigobon test are shown to improve upon the sampling properties of this test. The change in the correlation test is shown to be a non-monotonic function of the strength of contagion resulting in non-monotonic power functions.
Compression-based spam filter

Nowadays, e-mail spam is not a novelty, but it is still an important problem with a high impact on the economy. Spam filtering poses a special problem in text categorization, in which the defining characteristic is that filters face an active adversary, which constantly attempts to evade filtering. In this paper, we present a novel approach to spam filtering based on a compression-based model. We have conducted an empirical experiment on eight public and real non-encoded datasets. The results indicate that the proposed filter is fast to construct, is incrementally updateable, and clearly outperforms established spam classifiers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Which one is me?: Identifying Oneself on Public Displays

While user representations are extensively used on public displays, it remains unclear how well users can recognize their own representation among those of surrounding users. We study the most widely used representations: abstract objects, skeletons, silhouettes and mirrors. In a prestudy (N=12), we identify five strategies that users follow to recognize themselves on public displays. In a second study (N=19), we quantify the users' recognition time and accuracy with respect to each representation type. Our findings suggest that there is a significant effect of (1) the representation type, (2) the strategies performed by users, and (3) the combination of both on recognition time and accuracy. We discuss the suitability of each representation for different settings and provide specific recommendations as to how user representations should be applied in multi-user scenarios. These recommendations guide practitioners and researchers in selecting the representation that optimizes the most for the deployment's requirements, and for the user strategies that are feasible in that environment.
In Brief: Picturing the complex world of chromatin remodelling families

Over the past decade, chromatin remodelling emerged as one of the most important causes of both abnormal development and cancer. Although much has been written about one or another of the complexes, no recent concise summary of the chromatin remodelling families as a whole is available. In this short review, we introduce the family members, briefly summarize their role in developmental abnormalities and neoplasia, and outline the different ways in which these families remodel chromatin. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HCI Interventions for Monitoring Environmental Health

For this demonstration, Dr. Hill H. Kobayashi will present a collection of HCI interventions designed to monitor radiation levels in the exclusion zone around the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan. CHI2018 conference attendees will view design artifacts, listen to audio and read posters documenting the latest studies conducted by the Kobayashi Lab at the University of Tokyo. Our goal is to promote dialogue around a relatively new discipline called Human Computer Biosphere Interaction (HCBI), and explore the boundaries of this discipline with the CHI community.
Nondestructive surface profiling of hidden MEMS using an infrared low-coherence interferometric microscope

There are a wide range of applications for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). The automotive and consumer market is the strongest driver for the growing MEMS industry. A 100 % test of MEMS is particularly necessary since these are often used for safety-related purposes such as the ESP (Electronic Stability Program) system. The production of MEMS is a fully automated process that generates 90 % of the costs during the packaging and dicing steps. Nowadays, an electrical test is carried out on each individual MEMS component before these steps. However, after encapsulation, MEMS are opaque to visible light and other defects cannot be detected. Therefore, we apply an infrared low-coherence interferometer for the topography measurement of those hidden structures. A lock-in algorithm-based method is shown to calculate the object height and to reduce ghost steps due to the 2π-unambiguity. Finally, measurements of different MEMS-based sensors are presented.
Effects of chestnut tannins on intestinal morphology, barrier function, pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression, microflora and antioxidant capacity in heat‐stressed broilers

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chestnut tannins (CT) on intestinal morphology, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, microflora and antioxidant capacity in heat-stressed broilers. Four hundred 28-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned into four groups, with 10 replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicate. The broilers in the normal (NOR) group were kept at 22 ± 1°C and fed the basal diet, and each of the other three groups were treated with cyclic heat (33 ± 1°C from 0800 to 1800 and 22 ± 1°C from 1800 to 0800) and fed the basal diet with 0 (HT), 1 (CT1) or 2 (CT2) g of CT/kg of diet. The experiment lasted for 14 days. Compared with the HT group, broilers in the NOR and CT2 groups had higher (p < .05) average daily gain and villus height in the jejunum and lower serum d-lactate (p < .001) and diamine oxidase (p < .01) levels. The addition of 2 g CT/kg of diet increased the total antioxidant capacity (p < .001) and superoxide dismutase activities (p < .05) and zonula occludens-1 mRNA expression level (p < .05) and decreased the malondialdehyde concentration (p < .01) and mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (p < .001) and nuclear factor kappa B (p < .001) in the jejunal mucosa of heat-stressed broilers. The populations of Escherichia coli and Clostridium in the jejunum (p < .01) and caecum (p < .05) of broilers in the HT group were higher than those in the NOR and CT2 groups. In conclusion, the addition of 2 g CT/kg of diet seemed to be a feasible means of alleviating the negative effects of heat stress on the growth performance and intestinal function of broilers.
A finite difference method for piecewise deterministic Markov processes

An extension of non-deterministic processes driven by the random telegraph signal is introduced in the framework of "piecewise deterministic Markov processes" [Davis], including a broader category of random systems. The corresponding Liouville-Master Equation is established and the upwind method is applied to numerical calculation of the distribution function. The convergence of the numerical solution is proved under an appropriate Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition. The same condition preserve the non-decreasing property of the calculated distribution function. Some numerical tests are presented.
Dynamic function specialization

Function specialization is a compilation technique that consists in optimizing the body of a function for specific values of an argument. Different versions of a function are created to deal with the most frequent values of the arguments, as well as the default case. Compilers can do a better optimization with the knowledge of run-time behaviour of the program. Static compilers, however, can hardly predict the exact value/behaviour of arguments, and even profiling collected during previous runs is never guaranteed to capture future behaviour. We propose a dynamic function specialization technique, that captures the actual values of arguments during execution of the program and, when profitable, creates specialized versions and include them at runtime. Our approach relies on dynamic binary rewriting. We present the principles and implementation details of our technique, analyze sources of overhead, and present our results.
The Morphology of the Healing Tendon: A Comparison of the Effects of Intrasound Therapy and Therapeutic Pulsed Ultrasound

Background and Purpose: This study investigated the effects of low- and high-intensity intrasound therapy (LITR and HITR) and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the morphology of the healing tendon. Methods: Forty-five male Sprague–Dawley albino rats, randomized into five groups, were further subdivided into groups A and B except Group 1. Groups 2–5 underwent an induced crush injury to the Achilles tendon. The groups were allocated to serve as controls (Group 1), received no treatment (Group 2), LIPUS once daily (Group 3), LITR twice daily (Group 4), and HITR twice daily (Group 5). Treatment commenced 24 hr post-injury over the first 14 days. Subgroup A animals were killed on day 15 and those in subgroup B were killed on day 31. The tendons were excised and processed for histological studies. Results: LITR and HITR given twice daily caused a significant (p < 0.05) proliferation of tenoblasts in the proliferative phase and enhanced their terminal differentiation to tenocytes in the remodeling phase compared with the untreated and LIPUS-treated groups. LITR and HITR also resulted in a significant increase in the volume fraction of collagen fibers compared with LIPUS. Conclusion: Intrasound therapy has a better morphological effect on the healing tendon than LIPUS and may be an option to consider in the treatment of acute tendon injuries.
Exploring New Metaphors for a Networked World through the File Biography

We present a body of work undertaken in response to the challenge outlined by Harper et al. in their paper, ? 'What is a File? ' [9]. Through a conceptual and design-led exploration of new file metaphors, we developed the 'file biography', a digital entity that encompasses the provenance of a file and allows the user to keep track of how it propagates. We explored this through prototyping and utilised it in two user studies. In the studies, we (i) asked people to sketch out file biographies for their own content, and (ii) deployed a tool enabling users to build their own simple file biographies across multiple versions of Word documents. We conclude that new file metaphors may need to play different roles for different types of digital content, with a distinction being drawn between content that is 'in production' and virtual possessions that are, in a sense, a 'finished' artefact.
Spatio-Temporal Dynamic of Tuber magnatum Mycelium in Natural Truffle Grounds

Tuber magnatum produces the world's most expensive truffle. This fungus produces very rare ectomycorrhizas which are difficult or even impossible to detect in the field. A “real-time” PCR assay was recently developed to quantify and to track T. magnatum mycelium in soil. Here, this technique was used to investigate the spatial distribution of T. magnatum extra-radical mycelium in soil productive patches and its dynamic across seasons. This study was carried out in four different natural T. magnatum truffle grounds located in different Italian regions. During the fruiting seasons, the amount of T. magnatum mycelium was significantly higher around the fruiting points and decreased going farther away from them. Moreover, T. magnatum mycelium inside the productive patches underwent seasonal fluctuations. In early spring, the amount of T. magnatum mycelium was significantly higher than in summer. In summer, probably due to the hot and dry season, T. magnatum mycelium significantly decreased, whereas in autumn it increased again and was concentrated at the putative fruiting points. These results give new insights on T. magnatum ecology and are useful to plan the most appropriate sampling strategy for evaluating the management of a truffle ground.
Nanostructured Metamaterials for Thermal Applications

Metamaterials are artificially engineered materials with tailored properties for applications in imaging, sensing, waveguiding and quantum optics. Even though they hold the potential for transformative impact, industrial applications have been impeded by large absorption losses in material properties. This thesis puts forth thermal applications of metamaterials where optical losses are a necessary design component and can be fruitfully utilized for applications. A wide range of metamaterial designs have been numerically studied and optimized for applications as narrowband perfect absorbers/emitters in the near-infrared wavelength region compatible with low bandgap thermophotovoltaic cells. We study the collective polaritons of nanowire and thin film metamaterials to show that their selective absorption and thermal emission properties could be used for thermophotovoltaic applications. The design and simulation results are in excellent agreement with initial the results of experiments on metallic nanowire arrays in a dielectric host matrix. We also evaluate the contribution of phonon-polaritons to thermal conductivity of silicon carbide nanowire arrays. The comprehensive analysis of collective metamaterial modes and analytical tools developed in the thesis can aid future design and optimization of thermal metamaterials.
Research on simulation technology of communication network for power system protection

With the rapid growth of power system scale, the grid needs to be more responsive to disruption and disruption and improve the capability to maintain its safety and reliability. Furthermore, a robust power protection system built by the latest communication technology is introduced to make a breakthrough in stability control technology. Based on the collected wide-area situation information, the protection system can predict network status and provide a quick solution when a fault occurs. This paper presents a communication network simulation technology scheme based on grid system protection and can achieve reliable operation of the network.
Oceanographic drivers of offspring abundance may increase or decrease reproductive variance in a temperate marine fish

In species that reproduce into uncertain environments, the relationship between mean reproductive success (the abundance of new recruits) and the variance in reproductive success (whether adults contribute disproportionally more offspring) may not be straightforward because of stochastic environmental processes that create high variance in reproductive success among adults. In this study, we investigated the relationships between oceanography, reproductive success and reproductive variance in the black rockfish, Sebastes melanops, a long‐lived temperate reef fish with pelagic larvae. We quantified black rockfish recruitment, genetic diversity and growth rates from otolith microstructure over 5 years (2005–2009) during which oceanographic conditions differed. We used cross‐correlations to determine windows of time during which oceanographic variables were significantly correlated with the resulting abundance or genetic diversity of recruits. We found that warmer ocean temperatures were positively correlated with the abundance of recruits, as well as the effective number of breeders. In contrast, the strength of coastal upwelling during settlement was positively correlated with the annual abundance of new recruits, but was negatively correlated with the effective number of breeders. Larval growth rates were explained substantially more by temperature than by upwelling and suggested that temperature affected survival through growth, while upwelling affected survival through transport. Our results indicated that cold ocean temperatures and intense upwelling caused sweepstakes‐like processes to operate on black rockfish populations, despite high abundances of recruits. We propose that a decoupling of the mean and variance in reproductive success may be characteristic of organisms that reproduce into uncertain environments.