Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Help-seeking for Mental Health Problems in Young Refugees: A Review of the Literature with Implications for Policy, Practice, and Research

The large and diverse bodies of literature on refugee child and adolescent mental health have not been matched by a commensurate interest in help-seeking. Most help-seeking research has centred on Western and, to a lesser extent, non-refugee ethnic minority adult populations. An emerging child and adolescent help-seeking literature consistently reports widespread underutilization of mental health services by children in the general population. Current research and opinion suggest a similar trend for refugee and other ethnic minority children. While service underutilization appears to be an issue for all children, those from refugee backgrounds may be at increased risk of mental health problems and have greater difficulty accessing mental health care. From a policy and practice perspective, the most important explanation for low uptake of services by refugee families concerns an overall failure of Western mental health systems to accommodate the needs of ethnically diverse populations in general and refugees in particular. In order to effectively plan for the mental health needs of refugee children and adolescents, Western host country governments need a clear understanding of help-seeking behaviour.
Comparison of Self‐Reported Pain and the PAINAD Scale in Hospitalized Cognitively Impaired and Intact Older Adults After Hip Fracture Surgery

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was a psychometric evaluation of the PAINAD to assess pain in hospitalized cognitively impaired and intact older adults admitted for surgical repair of a hip fracture. METHOD A descriptive correlational design was used. A convenience sample of older patients hospitalized for surgical repair of a hip fracture was used. Twelve of the patients had cognitive impairment and 13 were cognitively intact. All were assessed for pain using both the self-report numeric rating scale and an observational assessment tool, the PAINAD. FINDINGS A positive correlation was found between the PAINAD and a self-report pain scale, providing evidence of concurrent validity. PAINAD scores were higher when patients were likely to experience pain than when unlikely, providing evidence of discriminant validity. The results of this study provide evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the PAINAD in the pain assessment of hospitalized post-orthopaedic surgical older adults who are unable or reluctant to self-report pain.
Protective immunity against porcine circovirus 2 in mice induced by a gene‐based combination vaccination

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary cause of an emerging swine disease, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, that is responsible for economic losses. To develop an effective vaccine for PCV2, we evaluated a heterologous prime‐boost vaccine approach, using a gene gun‐mediated naked DNA vector as a priming and modified vaccinia virus ankara (MVA) as a booster, in Balb/c mice.
LMP1 Promotes Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) To Selectively Activate IGF1 Receptor and Drive Cell Proliferation

ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a gammaherpesvirus that infects the majority of the human population and is linked to the development of multiple cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is considered the primary oncoprotein of EBV, and in epithelial cells it induces the expression and activation, or phosphorylation, of the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase. To identify effects on additional kinases, an unbiased screen of receptor tyrosine kinases potentially activated by LMP1 was performed. Using a protein array, it was determined that LMP1 selectively activates insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). This activation takes place in fibroblast, epithelial, and nasopharyngeal cell lines that express LMP1 stably and transiently. Of note, LMP1 altered the phosphorylation, but not the expression, of IGF1R. The use of LMP1 mutants with defective signaling domains revealed that the C-terminal activating region 2 domain of LMP1 increased the mRNA expression and the secretion of the ligand IGF1, which promoted phosphorylation of IGF1R. IGF1R phosphorylation was dependent upon activation of canonical NF-κB signaling and was suppressed by IκBα and a dominant negative form of TRAF6. Inhibition of IGF1R activation with two small-molecule inhibitors, AG1024 and picropodophyllin (PPP), or with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) directed against IGF1R selectively reduced proliferation, focus formation, and Akt activation in LMP1-positive cells but did not impair LMP1-induced cell migration. Expression of constitutively active Akt rescued cell proliferation in the presence of IGF1R inhibitors. These findings suggest that LMP1-mediated activation of IGF1R contributes to the ability of LMP1 to transform epithelial cells. IMPORTANCE EBV is linked to the development of multiple cancers in both lymphoid and epithelial cells, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a major cancer that develops in specific populations, with nearly 80,000 new cases reported annually. LMP1 is consistently expressed in early lesions and continues to be detected within 50 to 80% of these cancers at later stages. It is therefore of paramount importance to understand the mechanisms through which LMP1 alters cell growth and contributes to tumorigenesis. This study is the first to determine that LMP1 activates the IGF1R tyrosine kinase by regulating expression of the ligand IGF1. Additionally, the data in this paper reveal that specific targeting of IGF1R selectively impacts LMP1-positive cells. These findings suggest that therapies directed against IGF1R may specifically impair the growth of EBV-infected cells.
Estimated H-atom anisotropic displacement parameters: a comparison between different methods and with neutron diffraction results.

Anisotropic displacement parameters (ADPs) are compared for H atoms estimated using three recently described procedures, both among themselves and with neutron diffraction results. The results convincingly demonstrate that all methods are capable of giving excellent results for several benchmark systems and identify systematic discrepancies for several atom types. A revised and extended library of internal H-atom mean-square displacements is presented for use with Madsen's SHADE web server [J. Appl. Cryst. (2006), 39, 757-758; http://shade.ki. ku.dk], and the improvement over the original SHADE results is substantial, suggesting that this is now the most readily and widely applicable of the three approximate procedures. Using this new library--SHADE2--it is shown that, in line with expectations, a segmented rigid-body description of the heavy atoms yields only a small improvement in the agreement with neutron results. The SHADE2 library, now incorporated in the SHADE web server, is recommended as a routine procedure for deriving estimates of H-atom ADPs suitable for use in charge-density studies on molecular crystals, and its widespread use should reveal remaining deficiencies and perhaps overcome the inherent bias in the majority of such studies.
DNA Sequence Variation within vanA, vanB, vanC-1, and vanC-2/3 Genes of Clinical Enterococcus Isolates

ABSTRACT We studied the DNA sequence variation of van genes of 34 isolates of Enterococcus spp. The isolates containing the vanB gene exhibited between 0 and 41 base pair changes per 801 bp studied when the vanBsequences were compared to that of the reference strainEnterococcus faecalis V583. The isolates carrying thevanC-2 gene exhibited between 0 and 23 base pair changes per 346 bp studied when the vanC-2 sequences were compared to that of the reference strain E. casseliflavus ATCC 25788. Little variation was noted in thevanA and vanC-1 genes.
Complex Psychiatric Comorbidity of Treatment-Seeking Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Anxiety Symptoms

This descriptive study examines the complexity of psychiatric comorbidity in treatment-seeking youth with ASD and anxiety symptoms. Forty-two parents of youth with ASD and anxiety (ages 8–14) completed a structured diagnostic interview (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version). Youth obtained an average of 4 diagnoses. Complex comorbidity did not differ by age, sex, or autism symptoms. Few had participated in mental health treatment. Data from this study support adopting a trans-diagnostic approach to psychiatric intervention for youth with ASD.
The impact of a mobile application‐based treatment for urinary incontinence in adult women: Design of a mixed‐methods randomized controlled trial in a primary care setting

We aim to assess whether a purpose‐developed mobile application (app) is non‐inferior regarding effectiveness and cost‐effective when used to treat women with urinary incontinence (UI), as compared to care as usual in Dutch primary care. Additionally, we will explore the expectations and experiences of patients and care providers regarding app usage.
Performance Analysis of Two-Tier HetNets With Massive MIMO and Nonuniformly Small Cell Deployment

The performance of a coordinated multipoint transmission for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) heterogeneous networks with practical deployment is investigated. The active small cell base stations outside the inner region of macrocell base stations are used to improve the performance of macrocell edge users. Based on the stochastic geometry approach, the spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) of the proposed scheme are analyzed. An alternating optimal algorithm is employed to solve the EE maximization problem effectively. The impacts of the small cell density, inner region size, and massive MIMO on the network performance are explicitly examined. Moreover, by approximating the interference distribution by moment matching with the Gamma distribution, the coverage probability of the two-tier HetNet is also studied. Numerical results show that the proposed HetNet generally outperforms the conventional maximum receive power association scheme and it provides a potential solution to achieve high SE and EE performance.
Hybrid converter based on Ćuk topology to supply both AC and DC loads

Residential power systems are getting modernized due to the increased penetration of power electronic systems. Modern nanogrid architectures usually serve to interface both DC as well as AC loads with different kinds of energy resources. This paper proposes a Ćuk-derived hybrid converter (Ćuk-DHC) procured from the conventional Ćuk topology, where the single power electronic switch is replaced with a voltage source inverter bridge network. The resulting converter employs lesser number of switches to produce DC and AC outputs simultaneously. A major advantage of this hybrid converter is that it has immanent shoot-through protection in the inverter stage making it reliable for modern compact smart residential power systems. Moreover, being a derived converter, it holds the advantages that a conventional Ćuk converter possesses. Operating modes and the steady state analysis of the proposed converter have been studied in this paper. A modified unipolar sine pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is used as the control strategy for the operation of the hybrid converter. The characteristics and operation of the proposed converter has been validated through simulation. For improving the output gain factor, a switched inductor cell based modification has been imposed on the hybrid converter to upgrade both dc as well as ac gains and the same has been affirmed via simulation.
Inbreeding and Loss of Genetic Variation in a Reintroduced Population of Mauritius Kestrel

Abstract: Many populations have recovered from severe bottlenecks either naturally or through intensive conservation management. In the past, however, few conservation programs have monitored the genetic health of recovering populations. We conducted a conservation genetic assessment of a small, reintroduced population of Mauritius Kestrel (Falco punctatus) to determine whether genetic deterioration has occurred since its reintroduction. We used pedigree analysis that partially accounted for individuals of unknown origin to document that (1) inbreeding occurred frequently (2.6% increase per generation; NeI= 18.9), (2) 25% of breeding pairs were composed of either closely or moderately related individuals, (3) genetic diversity has been lost from the population (1.6% loss per generation; NeV= 32.1) less rapidly than the corresponding increase in inbreeding, and (4) ignoring the contribution of unknown individuals to a pedigree will bias the metrics derived from that pedigree, ultimately obscuring the prevailing genetic dynamics. The rates of inbreeding and loss of genetic variation in the subpopulation of Mauritius Kestrel we examined were extreme and among the highest yet documented in a wild vertebrate population. Thus, genetic deterioration may affect this population's long‐term viability. Remedial conservation strategies are needed to reduce the impact of inbreeding and loss of genetic variation in this species. We suggest that schemes to monitor genetic variation after reintroduction should be an integral component of endangered species recovery programs.
Survivorship of Bipolar Fresh Total Osteochondral Ankle Allograft

Background: Severe posttraumatic ankle arthritis poses a reconstructive challenge in the young and active patient. Bipolar fresh total osteochondral allograft (BFTOA) may represent an intriguing alternative to arthrodesis and prosthetic replacement. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the outcomes of BFTOA performed through an anterior approach to the ankle and to investigate the parameters influencing the results. Methods: A total of 26 patients (18 males and 8 females with a mean age of 34.9 ± 7.7 years) underwent BFTOA. The allograft was prepared with the help of specifically designed jigs and the surgery was performed using a direct anterior approach. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months after the operation, and at a mean 40.9 ± 14.1 months of follow-up. Radiographic evaluation included the measurement of allograft size matching and alignment. Results: The AOFAS score improved from 26.6 ± 6 preoperatively to 77.8 ± 8.7 after a mean follow-up of 40.9 ± 14.1 months (P < .0005). Six failures occurred. Joint degeneration was classified as 2 in 12 and as 3 in 14 patients. A statistically significant correlation between low degrees of distal tibial slope and better clinical outcomes was observed (P = .049). Conclusion: BFTOA appears to be a viable option to arthrodesis or arthroplasty. Precise allograft sizing, stable fitting, and fixation and delayed weight-bearing were key factors for a successful outcome. In this series the correct alignment of the tibial graft, in terms of slope, was found to play a crucial role in the allograft survivorship. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Timing the Tail-Risk-Protection of the Spy with VIX-Futures by a Hidden Markov Model. The Wool-Milk-Sow Strategy

Protecting an equity market portfolio with VIX-Futures eats not only the kurtosis but also the profits of the portfolio. Being constantly VIX-Futures long is too expensive. Therefore one has to find an appropriate timing strategy. This working paper presents a Hidden-Markov-Model which not only has a reasonable tail-risk-protection but even improves the overall return of the SPY. The strategy is – at least in the historic simulation – close to what is called in German an “eierlegende Wollmilchsau” (“egg-laying wool-milk-sow”).
Design and implementation of a three-layer cognitive radar architecture

In the paper we describe a novel concept for an integrated cognitive radar architecture developed at Fraunhofer FHR that is based on the Rasmussen model of human performance and incorporates ideas from three-layer robotic control architectures. We give simulative and experimental examples for cognitive radar behavior generated on each of the three abstraction layers.
The Active Community Engagement Continuum.

ACQUIRE’s ACE Continuum provides a framework for analyzing community engagement in RH / FP and the role the community plays in institutionalizing lasting behavior and social change. The continuum was developed based on a review of documents best practices and the lessons learned through the ACQUIRE experience. Global RH / FP service-delivery projects can play a unique role in the understanding of how communities influence sustained behavior change. The ACE Continuum is a conceptual framework that can be used by other donors governments and agencies whose focus is on improving RH / FP systems and services. The continuum can also help with the strategic integration of community engagement into service-delivery projects. The framework provides a basis for discussion related to indicators time frames and definitions of terms and is a tool that global RH / FP projects can use to build a shared understanding of community engagement when designing implementing and documenting programs. The continuum consists of three levels of engagement across five characteristics of engagement. The levels of engagement which move from consultative to cooperative to collaborative reflect the realities of RH / FP partnerships and programs. These three levels of community engagement can be adapted with specific RH / FP inputs or activities based on these categories of action. The five characteristics of engagement are community involvement in assessment; access to information; inclusion in decision making; local capacity to advocate to institutions and governing structures; and accountability of institutions to the public. ACQUIRE’s experience has shown that community engagement is not a one-time event but rather is a process and is an important consideration in the planning and evaluation of programs.
Immune Suppressive Activity and Lack of T Helper Differentiation Are Differentially Regulated in Natural Regulatory T Cells1

The mechanism for controlling Th cytokine expression in natural regulatory T (nTreg) cells is unclear. Here, it was found that under polarizing conditions Foxp3 did not affect Th1 cell, partially inhibited Th17 cell, but greatly inhibited Th2 cell differentiation of conventional CD4 T cells. Under the polarizing conditions, nTreg cells failed to differentiate into Th2 and Th17 cells, but differentiated into IFN-γ-producing cells. Such Foxp3-transduced CD4 T cells and nTreg cells expressed T-bet, GATA-3, or retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt, and retroviral GATA-3 and RORγt could not induce Th2 and Th17 differentiation from nTreg cells. However, regardless of their cytokine profiles, the Foxp3-transduced CD4 T cells and nTreg cells remained immune suppressive. These results suggested that it is possible to convert pathogenic Th cells to Treg-like cells for therapeutic application. In conclusion, our studies show that Foxp3 is sufficient for immune suppression, whereas the inhibition of cytokine expression requires additional mechanisms.
Binge inhalation of toluene vapor produces dissociable motor and cognitive dysfunction in water maze tasks

Binge inhalation of toluene, a psychoactive chemical found in many household and industrial products, leads acutely to intoxication with comorbid impairments in motor function and cognitive abilities that appear to recover quickly. Recent evidence, however, indicates that the administration of toluene results in marked changes in neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex that persist for relatively longer periods compared with other brain regions. To elucidate the potential toluene-induced (∼5000 ppm) cognitive dysfunctions that continue following the recovery of locomotor abilities, rats were entered into a series of water maze tasks. Following acute toluene intoxication, rats were initially severely impaired in their swimming ability and in their ability to learn and perform a visible platform task. After about 20 min, swimming behavior mostly returned to normal, although cognitive impairments were still evident. Whereas rats with extensive toluene-free training in the maze were able to show normal spatial recall following toluene intoxication, the same acute toluene exposure severely impaired reversal learning, with the rats showing a marked perseveration for the previously learned platform location. Our results indicate that toluene inhalation results in specific cognitive dysfunctions that outlast major impairments in motor abilities, which may be related to impairments in medial prefrontal cortex activity.
Centralised Labour Market Negotiations: Strategic Behaviour Curbs Employment

This paper contributes to the analysis of centralised versus decentralised labour market negotiations. Applying the familiar Nash bargaining solution, we show that centralised negotiations lead to a lower employment level but to a higher wage rate than decentralised labour market bargaining. While this is an important theoretical result on its own, it has important effects for both empirical labour market research and labour market policies. Also, this result counters the critique that efficient negotiations result in employment levels exceeding the competitive level.
The Effect of a Mutation in the 3-UTR Region of the HMGCR Gene on Cholesterol in Beijing-You Chickens

The 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) gene was examined for polymorphisms in Beijing-you chickens. A “T” base insert was detected at nucleotide 2749 of the 3-UTR region of the HMGCR gene and was used as the basis for distinguishing a B allele, distinct from the A. Serum and muscle contents of total cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol in serum was significantly lower in AB birds and lowest in BB birds. Real-time PCR showed that the same trends across genotypes occurred in an abundance of HMGCR transcripts in liver, but there was no difference in contents of HMGCR mRNA in breast or thigh muscles. Hepatic expression and serum LDL-cholesterol were meaningfully correlated (partial, with total serum cholesterol held constant, r = 0.923). In muscle, similar genotypic differences were found for the abundance of the LDL receptor (LDLR) transcript. Cholesterol content in breast muscle related to LDLR expression (partial correlation with serum LDL-cholesterol held constant, r = 0.719); the equivalent partial correlation in thigh muscle was not significant. The results indicated that the B allele significantly reduces hepatic abundance of HMGCR transcripts, probably accounting for genotypic differences in serum cholesterol. In muscle, the cholesterol content appeared to reflect differences in LDLR expression with apparent mechanistic differences between breast and thigh.
Book Review: Inequality, Inclusive Growth, and Fiscal Policy in Asia

Are countries in Asia fostering equitable growth? While Asia has experienced rapid economic growth in recent times, the income gap has widened, leading to higher levels of inequality. The book, Inequality, Inclusive Growth, and Fiscal Policy in Asia edited by Donghyun Park, Sang-Hyop Lee, and Minsoo Lee, explores several inequality and poverty related issues that many countries in developing Asia are facing. The book consists of nine essays written by different authors to address several aspects of the use of fiscal policy in fostering inclusive growth. Some of these pieces discuss the expenditure system, tax structure, and fiscal space in developing Asia, where fiscal space is the set of feasible fiscal policies, while others analyze the implementation of fiscal policy in other parts of the world. The latter is used to derive important lessons that may be applicable to developing Asia. Working in unison, the authors of the book provide insightful analysis and policy recommendations regarding the design, suitability, and implementation of fiscal policies to tackle inequality.