Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tolerating node failures in cache only memory architectures

COMAs (cache only memory architectures) are an interesting class of large scale shared memory multiprocessors. They extend the concepts of cache memories and shared virtual memory by using the local memories of the nodes as large caches for a single shared address space. Due to their large number of components, these architectures are particularly susceptible to hardware failures and so fault tolerance mechanisms have to be introduced to ensure a high availability. We propose an implementation of backward error recovery in a COMA which minimizes performance degradation and requires little hardware modifications. This implementation uses the features of a COMA to implement a stable storage abstraction using the standard memories of the architecture. Recovery data are replicated and mixed with current data in node memories both of which are managed in a transparent way using an extended coherence protocol. <<ETX>>
Modality-specific Affective Responses and their Implications for Affective BCI

Reliable applications of multimodal affective brain-computer interfaces (aBCI) require a detailed understanding of the processes involved in emotions. To explore the modality-specific nature of affective responses, we studied neurophysiological responses of 24 subjects during visual, auditory, and audiovisual affect stimulation and obtained their subjective ratings. Coherent with literature, we found modality-specific responses in the EEG: parietal alpha power decreases during visual stimulation and increases during auditory stimulation, whereas more anterior alpha power decreases during auditory stimulation and increases during visual stimulation. We discuss the implications of these results for multimodal aBCI.
Histone acetylation-independent transcription stimulation by a histone chaperone

Histone chaperones are thought to be important for maintaining the physiological activity of histones; however, their exact roles are not fully understood. The physiological function of template activating factor (TAF)-I, one of the histone chaperones, also remains unclear; however, its biochemical properties have been well studied. By performing microarray analyses, we found that TAF-I stimulates the transcription of a sub-set of genes. The transcription of endogenous genes that was up-regulated by TAF-I was found to be additively stimulated by histone acetylation. On performing an experiment with a cell line containing a model gene integrated into the chromosome, TAF-I was found to stimulate the model gene transcription in a histone chaperone activity-dependent manner additively with histone acetylation. TAF-I bound to the core histones and remodeled the chromatin structure independent of the N-terminal histone tail and its acetylation level in vitro. These results suggest that TAF-I remodel the chromatin structure through its interaction with the core domain of the histones, including the histone fold, and this mechanism is independent of the histone acetylation status.
Efficient representation of traffic scenes by means of dynamic stixels

Correlation based stereo vision has proven its power in commercially available driver assistance systems. Recently, real-time dense stereo vision has become available on inexpensive FPGA hardware. In order to manage the huge amount of data, a medium-level representation named “Stixel World” has been proposed for further analysis. In this representation the free space in front of the vehicle is limited by adjacent rectangular sticks of a certain width. Distance and height of each so called stixel are determined by those parts of the obstacle it represents. This Stixel World is a compact but flexible representation of the three-dimensional traffic situation. The underlying model assumption is that objects stand on the ground and have approximately vertical pose with a flat surface. So far, this representation is static since it is computed for each frame independently. Driver assistance, however, is most interested in pose and motion of moving obstacles. For this reason, we introduce tracking of stixels in this paper. Using the 6D-Vision Kalman filter framework, lateral as well as longitudinal motion is estimated for each stixel. That way, the grouping of stixels based on similar motion as well as the detection of moving obstacles turns out to be significantly simplified. The new dynamic Stixel World has proven to be well suited as a common basis for the scene understanding tasks of driver assistance and autonomous systems.
In silico evaluation of two mass spectrometry‐based approaches for the identification of novel human leukocyte cell‐surface proteins

The identification and quantitation of cell‐surface proteins expressed by leukocytes currently use the wide availability of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in immunohistochemical and flow cytometric assays. Presently, ∼400 such proteins have been characterized; however, analysis of the completed human genome sequence indicates that it may contain several thousand as‐yet unidentified molecules, which may be expressed on the leukocyte cell surface. Recent advances in protein isolation and analysis using mass spectrometry illustrate that it is now feasible to identify the protein composition of a complex sample such as a plasma membrane extract. Such an approach may be useful for the identification of the cell‐surface proteins that have not been identified using mAb techniques. Here, we detail the results of an in silico evaluation of the peptides isolated using two methods used to label plasma membrane proteins to determine whether these methods are suitable for the identification of known leukocyte cell‐surface proteins by mass spectrometry. The labeling of cell‐surface proteins before isolation and characterization is a valuable means of differentiating between plasma membrane and internal membrane proteins The results indicate that although the majority of cell‐surface proteins can be identified using either of the approaches, others known to be important diagnostically and/or therapeutically would not be identified using either approach. The implication of this for the use of these techniques in the discovery of new leukocyte cell‐surface proteins is discussed.
Social Skills Deficits and Subsequent Depressed Mood in Students

A total of 65 undergraduate students were administered the Beck Depression Inventory and two measures of social skill: the College Self-Expression Scale and the Means-Ends-Problem-Solving Test. Two months later, depression was reassessed using the D30 Depression Scale. It was found that social skills measures were significantly correlated with currently assessed depression. It was also found that the best single predictor of future depression was current depression (r = .70). A stepwise regression analysis indicated that, after partialling out the influence of current depression scores, two measures of social skill, CSES assertiveness scores and relevancy ratio on the MEPS, provided incrementally significant contributions to the prediction of future depression scores. This provides modest correlational evidence for Lewinsohn's social skills deficit model of depression. That is, social skills, independent of current depression, significantly increased the predictability of future depression.
Empirical Bayes for Group (DCM) Studies: A Reproducibility Study

This technical note addresses some key reproducibility issues in the dynamic causal modelling of group studies of event related potentials. Specifically, we address the reproducibility of Bayesian model comparison (and inferences about model parameters) from three important perspectives namely: (i) reproducibility with independent data (obtained by averaging over odd and even trials); (ii) reproducibility over formally distinct models (namely, classic ERP and canonical microcircuit or CMC models); and (iii) reproducibility over inversion schemes (inversion of the grand average and estimation of group effects using empirical Bayes). Our hope was to illustrate the degree of reproducibility one can expect from DCM when analysing different data, under different models with different analyses.
A prospective randomized study on Prolongation of Spinal Analgesia by adding Intrathecal adjuvant Clonidine

Clonidine, an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, have a clinically relevant analgesic action but also a hypotensive action, when administered spinally. In this study, therefore, the analgesic, hemodynamic effects of intrathecal clonidine were studied in patients undergoing lower abdominal and lower limb surgery under spinal anaesthesia. Sixty patients of ASA I-II were randomly divided to two groups. One group received clonidine 30 mcg mixed with 15 mg 0.5% bupivacaine and the other group an identical saline volume mixed with bupivacaine as above, in a double-blind fashion. Onset and duration of sensory and motor block, blood pressure, heart rate and sedation were followed during and after the operation. The duration of sensory analgesia (regression of the block to L2) was longer in the clonidine group (mean 198 min) than in the control group. Duration of motor blockade was also longer in the clonidine group compared to the control group. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were significantly lower in the clonidine group compared to the control group. Postop the clonidine patients needed less doses of diclofenac sodium than those in the control group. More patients in the clonidine group were sedated 3-4hrs than control group (P < 0.05). Addition of clonidine prolonged the bupivacaine spinal block.
Phonological Working Memory of Children in Two German Special Schools

In two studies, 10‐year‐olds from 2 German special schools as well as typically developing children of the same chronological age (CA controls) or the same mental age (MA controls) were compared on several aspects of working memory functions (i.e., size and input quality of the phonological store, speed and automatic activation of the subvocal rehearsal process). Results reveal that the children from the special schools reached the MA control but not the CA control children's level of non‐word repetition and also showed a statistically significant phonological similarity effect on memory span. These results were interpreted as evidence for a developmental lag in the functioning of the phonological store in these children. With regard to the subvocal rehearsal process, the results were mixed. While the children in the special schools outperformed the MA controls in speech rate, it was found that, in contrast to both control groups, they did not show any word‐length effect on memory span. This finding might be interpreted as evidence for a structural deficit impeding the automatic activation of the subvocal rehearsal process.
Illumination-Sensitive Background Modeling Approach for Accurate Moving Object Detection

Background subtraction involves generating the background model from the video sequence to detect the foreground and object for many computer vision applications, including traffic security, human-machine interaction, object recognition, and so on. In general, many background subtraction approaches cannot update the current status of the background image in scenes with sudden illumination change. This is especially true in regard to motion detection when light is suddenly switched on or off. This paper proposes an illumination-sensitive background modeling approach to analyze the illumination change and detect moving objects. For the sudden illumination change, an illumination evaluation is used to determine two background candidates, including a light background image and a dark background image. Based on the background model and illumination evaluation, the binary mask of moving objects can be generated by the proposed thresholding function. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in providing a promising detection outcome and low computational cost.
Le mort saisit le vif [Les relations entre l'histoire réifiée et l'histoire incorporée]

Le mort saisit le vif. Constituer des mots designant des institutions ou des collectifs -Etat, Patronat, Eglise, Famille, etc.- en sujets historiques capables de poser leurs propres fins, c'est faire de l'histoire un affrontement de pouvoirs sociaux a la fois mecaniques et anthropomorphiques (comme la notion d'Appareil). C'est cette meme philosophie de l'histoire qui incline nombre d'historiens a penser la recherche historique comme une recherche des origines et des responsabilites, transformant le plus souvent la fin de l'histoire en fin des actions historiques. Contre cette vision machiavelienne et cette illusion teleologique, il faut rappeler que la raison d'etre des institutions et de leurs effets sociaux n'est pas dans la «volonte» des individus ou des groupes mais dans les champs de forces antagonistes ou complementaires. L'action historique est le resultat de la rencontre entre deux etats de l'histoire : l'histoire a l'etat objective (machines, monuments, livres, theories, coutumes, etc.) et l'histoire a l'etat incorpore (dispositions). Et l'on peut saisir cette dialectique entre les habitus et les positions sociales aussi bien dans ce secteur mal defini de la structure sociale ou s'inventent de nouvelles professions que dans celui, plus regle et rigide, des professions bureaucratiques. Parce que ce qui a ete (l'histoire) s'inscrit dans les choses et dans les corps, chaque jour que dure un pouvoir voit s'accroitre la part d'irreversible avec laquelle doivent compter ceux qui veulent le renverser, comme on le voit bien dans les situations post-revolutionnaires ou l'histoire reifiee et incorporee oppose sa resistance aux dispositions revolutionnaires. Reconnaitre l'existence de la pesanteur de l'histoire faite chose n'est pas s'y soumettre, la liberte ne consistant pas a nier magiquement ces adherences mais a les connaitre pour agir en connaissance de cause.
Nonsuicidal self-injury in an adolescent population in Singapore

This mixed methods study examined the phenomenon of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) of adolescents in Singapore. The researchers analyzed quantitative data to understand the functions of NSSI, the relationship of parental invalidation to NSSI, and the association between academic stress and parental invalidation. In addition, the researchers employed semi-structured qualitative interviews to provide supportive qualitative data. The participants were outpatients at the Child Guidance Clinic, Singapore, between the ages of 13 to 19 years old. Researchers compared 30 participants who engage in NSSI with 30 participants who do not engage in NSSI. The emotional regulation function was the most commonly endorsed function for NSSI. Adolescents who engage in NSSI have statistically significant (p < .01) higher mean parental invalidation scores than those who do not engage in NSSI. There is also a moderate, positive correlation between the level of parental invalidation and the level of academic stress for Singaporean adolescents. The researchers discuss the implications of this study for mental health professionals.
Phishing knowledge based user modelling in software design

Due to the limitations of anti-phishing software and limitations in creating such software, we propose the usage of metamodelling frameworks and software tools for implementing software systems where phishing prevention is already designed as a part of the system itself. An expressive computational, verifiable and validatable metamodel is created that captures user behaviour. Next it is shown through examples that the metamodel follows and describes reported phishing scams accurately. The model is then used to create specification in an executable formal specification tool. The formal specification, which can be executed to observe user behaviour, can be used as a building block in the specification of a larger software system, resulting in an inherently phish-ing-resilient software system design in the form of a formal specification.
The role of delta-modulated high frequency oscillations in seizure state classification

High frequency oscillations (HFOs), which collectively refer to ripples (80-200 Hz) and fast ripples (>200 Hz), have been implicated as key players in epileptogenesis. However, their presence alone is not in and of itself indicative of a pathological brain state. Rather, spatial origins as well as coexistence with other neural rhythms are essential components in defining pathological HFOs. This study investigates how the phase of the delta rhythm (0.5-4 Hz) modulates the amplitude of HFOs during a seizure episode. Seven seizures recorded from three patients presenting with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy were obtained via intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) from a 64-electrode grid. Delta modulation of the HFO rhythms was found to emerge at seizure onset and termination regardless of the dynamics present within the seizure episode itself. Moreover, the differences between delta modulating the ripple or fast ripple may be due to the sleep stage of the patient when the seizures were being recorded. Further studies exploring how this modulation changes in space across the grid may also highlight additional properties of this phenomenon. Its temporal pattern suggests that it is a potential iEEG-based biomarker for seizure state classification.
A Taxonomy of Internal Attacks in Wireless Sensor Network

— Developments in communication technologies especially in wireless have enabled the progress of low-cost and low-power wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The features of such WSN are holding minimal energy, weak computational capabilities, wireless communication and an open-medium nature where sensors are deployed. WSN is underpinned by application driven such as military applications, the health sector, etc. Due to the intrinsic nature of the network and application scenario, WSNs are vulnerable to many attacks externally and internally. In this paper we have focused on the types of internal attacks of WSNs based on OSI model and discussed some security requirements, characterizers and challenges of WSNs, by which to contribute to the WSN’s security research.
Multicore Magnetic Fe3O4@C Beads With Enhanced Magnetic Response for MRI in Brain Biomedical Applications

In this paper, spherical core@shell (multi-Fe3O4@C) magnetic beads (DMB ~ 100 nm), composed of several single cores of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) (Dsingle-core ~ 15 nm) surrounded by a wide carbon shell (δ ~ 20 nm), have been synthesized by a solvothermal procedure in organic solvent that provides good control over size, shape, and crystallinity of the iron oxide nanostructures. Large colloidal stability and good biocompatibility are ensured by the carbon shell, whose thickness can be tuned by the synthesis conditions, and endow the NP with robust stability under extreme physicochemical conditions (acid and base media, or high temperatures and pressures). In vitro testing with rat mesenchymal cells shows high stability and high labeling capacities combined with poly-L-lysine for further cell tracking applications. The so-obtained multi-core MNPs, present: 1) superparamagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization around 70 emu/g Fe3O4 at 25 kOe and room temperature and 2) negligible heating by magnetic hyperthermia procedure and an enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) response. The simultaneous fulfillment of all the previously listed properties makes these multiFe3O4@C NPs ideal candidates for MRI brain multifunctional applications, where deleterious heating of tissues is a major restriction that ends up in the rejection of, otherwise, magnetically and chemically well-engineered NPs.
The Numerical Solution of the Biharmonic Equation by Conformal Mapping

The solution to the biharmonic equation in a simply connected region $\Omega$ in the plane is computed in terms of the Goursat functions. The boundary conditions are conformally transplanted to the disk with a numerical conformal map. A linear system is obtained for the Taylor coefficients of the Goursat functions. The coefficient matrix of the linear system can be put in the form $I + K$, where $K$ is the discretization of a compact operator. $K$ can be thought of as the composition of a block Hankel matrix with a diagonal matrix. The compactness leads to clustering of eigenvalues, and the Hankel structure yields a matrix-vector multiplication cost of $O(N\log N)$. Thus, if the conjugate gradient method is applied to the system, then superlinear convergence will be obtained. Numerical results are given to illustrate the spectrum clustering and superlinear convergence.
REDUCED CONSISTENCY SAMPLING IN HILBERT SPACES

We present a new approach for the problem of reconstructing an element of a Hilbert space in an arbitrary reconstruction basis given its measurements with respect to certain sampling vectors. This procedure differs from more standard techniques in that it is not consistent: the samples of the reconstructed function are not equal to those of the original function. However, by dropping this requirement, we are able to obtain a method that is both numerically stable and which provides a reconstruction that is closer to optimal. Keywords— Sampling theory, Riesz bases, finite sections
Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis GlcB or HspX Antigens or devR DNA Impacts the Rapid Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis in Children

Background Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common form of neurotuberculosis and the fifth most common form of extrapulmonary TB. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are the cornerstones of effective disease management. The accurate diagnosis of TBM poses a challenge due to an extensive differential diagnosis, low bacterial load and paucity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) especially in children. Methodology/Principal Findings We describe the utility of ELISA and qPCR for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) proteins (GlcB, HspX, MPT51, Ag85B and PstS1) and DNA for the rapid diagnosis of TBM. CSF filtrates (n = 532) derived from children were classified as ‘Definite’ TBM (M. tb culture positive, n = 29), ‘Probable and Possible’ TBM (n = 165) and ‘Not-TBM’ including other cases of meningitis or neurological disorders (n = 338). ROC curves were generated from ELISA and qPCR data of ‘Definite’ TBM and Non-Tuberculous infectious meningitis (NTIM) samples and cut-off values were derived to provide ≥95% specificity. devR qPCR, GlcB, HspX and PstS1 ELISAs showed 100% (88;100) sensitivity and 96–97% specificity in ‘Definite’ TBM samples. The application of these cut-offs to ‘Probable and Possible’ TBM groups yielded excellent sensitivity (98%, 94;99) and specificity (98%, 96;99) for qPCR and for GlcB, HspX and MPT51 antigen ELISAs (sensitivity 92–95% and specificity 93–96%). A test combination of qPCR with GlcB and HspX ELISAs accurately detected all TBM samples at a specificity of ∼90%. Logistic regression analysis indicated that these tests significantly added value to the currently used algorithms for TBM diagnosis. Conclusions The detection of M. tb GlcB/HspX antigens/devR DNA in CSF is likely to improve the utility of existing algorithms for TBM diagnosis and also hasten the speed of diagnosis.