Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Driver's cognitive state classification toward brain computer interface via using a generalized and supervised technology

Growing numbers of traffic accidents had become a serious social safety problem in recent years. The main factor of the high fatalities was the obvious decline of the driver's cognitive state in their perception, recognition and vehicle control abilities while being sleepy. The key to avoid the terrible consequents is to build a detecting system for ongoing assessment of driver's cognitive state. A quickly growing research, brain-computer interface (BCI), offers a solution offering great assistance to those who require alternative communicatory and control mechanisms. In this study, we propose an alertness/drowsiness classification system based on investigating electroencephalographic (EEG) brain dynamics in lane-keeping driving experiments in a virtual reality (VR) driving environment with a motion platform. The core of the classification system is composed of dimension reduction technique and classifier learning algorithm. In order to find the suitable method for better describing the data structure, we explore the performances using different feature extraction and feature selection methods with different classifiers. Experiment results show that the accuracy is over 80% in most combinations and even near 90% under Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Nonparametric Weighted Feature Extraction (NWFE) going with Gaussian Maximum Likelihood classifier (ML) and k-Nearest-Neighbor classifier (kNN), respectively. In addition, this developed classification system can also solve the individual brain dynamic differences caused from different subjects and overcome the subject dependent limitation. The optimized solution with better accuracy performance out of all combinations can be considered to implement in the kernel brain-computer interface.
Individualized drowsiness detection during driving by pulse wave analysis with neural network

This paper presents a detection method of driver's drowsiness with focus on analyzing individual differences in biological signals and performance data. We have studied biological signals of a driver to detect drowsiness during driving. Our former research suggested a method analyzing changes in indexes derived from biological signals, however the method needs to be configured for each driver because the relation between the indexes and the drowsiness depends on individuals. To analyze the indexes in consideration of the individual differences, neural networks was used in this paper. The learning function the networks was utilized to adapt to the differences. We conducted a experiment that 6 drivers drove a driving simulator to gather their pulse wave and steering data. As the result of learning and analyzing the indexes in neural networks, 98% of the highest ratio was shown in detection of driver's drowsiness. A method of detecting driver's drowsiness is a need for realization of safer traffic environment. The proposed method would contribute to prevent traffic accidents caused by human errors in a drowse.
Psychological Aspects of Medical Assistance in Dying: A Personal Reflection

Bill C-14 introduces a new era in end-of-life care by permitting death to be hastened through medical assistance in dying (MAiD). This article reviews those aspects of MAiD that are of particular relevance to psychologists, as seen through the perspective of the author’s research. It includes a brief overview of the major legal cases that led the Supreme Court of Canada to overturn the laws against assisted suicide. It addresses such issues as the prevalence of the desire for death in the terminally ill, reasons for requesting MAiD, the concept of “intolerable suffering,” and the association between MAiD, depression, and suicide. Findings from the Canadian National Palliative Care Survey are highlighted, which document the attitudes of patients receiving palliative care for cancer. Data from the Netherlands, Belgium, and Oregon are also reviewed briefly and contrasted; differences in the incidence of MAiD in these jurisdictions point to the importance of permitting MAiD to be provided by clinicians (euthanasia) rather than requiring patients to self-administer lethal medication (assisted suicide). It is concluded that Bill C-14 aligns with the opinions expressed by the majority of terminally ill participants in the National Palliative Care Survey. It remains to be seen whether new legal challenges will lead to the extension of MAiD to other patient groups. Le projet de loi C-14 ouvre une nouvelle ère dans le domaine des soins de fin de vie en permettant d’accélérer le décès grâce à l’aide médicale à mourir. Le présent article examine les aspects de l’aide médicale à mourir qui présentent une importance particulière pour les psychologues, du point de vue de la recherche de l’auteur. Il comprend un bref aperçu des grandes affaires judiciaires qui ont amené la Cour suprême du Canada à invalider les lois interdisant le suicide assisté. Le présent article aborde des questions comme la prévalence du souhait de mourir chez les malades en phase terminale, les motifs pour solliciter une aide médicale à mourir, le concept de « souffrance insupportable », et l’association entre l’aide médicale à mourir, la dépression et le suicide. Les constatations de l’Enquête nationale sur les soins palliatifs y sont mises en évidence. On y relève les attitudes des patients souffrant d’un cancer et qui reçoivent des soins palliatifs. Les données recueillies aux Pays-Bas, en Belgique et en Oregon sont aussi examinées brièvement et mises en contraste. Les différences en ce qui a trait à l’incidence de l’aide à médicale à mourir dans ces administrations soulignent l’importance de permettre aux cliniciens de fournir une aide à médicale à mourir (euthanasie) plutôt que d’exiger des patients qu’ils s’auto-administrent une médication létale (suicide assisté). L’Enquête nationale sur les soins palliatifs conclut que le projet de loi C-14 va dans le sens des opinions formulées par la majorité des participants en phase terminale. Il reste à voir si les nouvelles contestations judiciaires entraîneront le prolongement de l’aide médicale à mourir à d’autres groupes de patients.
Convergence and Carbon Dioxide Growth per Capita Kinda

This paper examines the existence of convergence and the importance of education on carbon dioxide growth per capita, over the period 1970-2004 for 85 countries. We use panel data and apply GMM-System estimation. This rigorous approach takes into account the observed and unobserved heterogeneity of countries, and solves the e ndogeneity problems associated with some variables. Our results suggest a divergence in per capita carbon dioxide emissions around the world, and that education is not a factor in carbon dioxide emissions growth. Contrary to commonly held beliefs based on intuition, we provide evidence that, in developing countries, there is no convergence, and that education is not a factor in carbon dioxide growth. In developed countries, we find a convergence for per capita carbon dioxide emissions. Education was found to be a factor in pollution growth, although its effect is mitigated by the presence of political institutions.
STOPPING COOLING FLOWS WITH COSMIC-RAY FEEDBACK

Multi-Gyr two-dimensional calculations describe the gas dynamical evolution of hot gas in the Virgo cluster resulting from intermittent cavities formed with cosmic rays. Without cosmic rays, the gas evolves into a cooling flow, depositing about 85 solar masses per year of cold gas in the cluster core—such uninhibited cooling conflicts with X-ray spectra and many other observations. When cosmic rays are produced or deposited 10 kpc from the cluster center in bursts of about 1059 erg lasting 20 Myr and spaced at intervals of 200 Myr, the central cooling rate is greatly reduced to 0.1–1 solar masses per year, consistent with observations. After cosmic rays diffuse through the cavity walls, the ambient gas density is reduced and is buoyantly transported 30–70 kpc out into the cluster. Cosmic rays do not directly heat the gas and the modest shock heating around young cavities is offset by global cooling as the cluster gas expands. After several Gyr the hot gas density and temperature profiles remain similar to those observed, provided the time-averaged cosmic-ray luminosity is about Lcr = 2.7 × 1043 erg s−1, approximately equal to the bolometric cooling rate LX within only ∼56kpc. If an appreciable fraction of the relativistic cosmic rays is protons, gamma rays produced by pion decay following inelastic p–p collisions may be detected with the Fermi Gamma-Ray Telescope.
A Phase-Field Description of Surface-tension-Driven Instability

In this paper we report on 2D numerical simulations concerning linear and nonlinear evolution of surface-tension-driven instability in two-fluid systems heated from below using classical and phase-field models. In the phase-field formalism, one introduces an order parameter called phase-field function to characterize the phases thermodynamically. All the system parameters are assumed to vary continuously from one fluid bulk to another (as linear functions of the phase-field). The Navier–Stokes equation (with some extra terms) and the heat equation are written only once for the whole system. The evolution of the phase-field is described by the Cahn–Hilliard equation. In the sharp-interface limit the results found by the phase-field formalism recover the results given by the classical formulation.
Investigating the self-care practices of social work faculty: an exploratory study

Abstract Being a social work faculty member in academe can be challenging. Evidence suggests that faculty members, in general, experience high levels of stress and occupational burnout. Furthermore, harassment, bullying, and mobbing are commonplace. These problematic circumstances may be compounded for females, junior faculty, and under-represented (e.g. peoples of color) faculty groups. Engaging in adroit self-care practices is one way to assuage these problematic employment circumstances. Yet, there is a dearth in the literature that examines self-care practices among social work educators. This exploratory study examined the self-care practices of social work faculty (N = 124) at Council on Social Work Education accredited institutions in one southeastern state in the United States. Overall, data suggest that social work faculty do engage in adequate self-care practices, when compared to studies of general social work practitioners. Data also suggest differences in self-care by academic rank and professional licensing. After a brief review of literature, this paper will explicate results and identify salient discussion points and implications for social work education. This is the first paper known to the authors to explore self-care among social work faculty.
Spatio Temporal Feature Evaluation for Action Recognition

Spatio-Temporal interest points are the most popular feature representation in the field of action recognition. A variety of methods have been proposed to detect and describe local patches in video with several techniques reporting state of the art performance for action recognition. However, the reported results are obtained under different experimental settings with different datasets, making it difficult to compare the various approaches. As a result of this, we seek to comprehensively evaluate state of the art spatio- temporal features under a common evaluation framework with popular benchmark datasets (KTH, Weizmann) and more challenging datasets such as Hollywood2. The purpose of this work is to provide guidance for researchers, when selecting features for different applications with different environmental conditions. In this work we evaluate four popular descriptors (HOG, HOF, HOG/HOF, HOG3D) using a popular bag of visual features representation, and Support Vector Machines (SVM)for classification. Moreover, we provide an in-depth analysis of local feature descriptors and optimize the codebook sizes for different datasets with different descriptors. In this paper, we demonstrate that motion based features offer better performance than those that rely solely on spatial information, while features that combine both types of data are more consistent across a variety of conditions, but typically require a larger codebook for optimal performance.
Diabetes Prediction with Supervised Learning Algorithms of Artificial Neural Network

Diabetes is one of metabolic diseases where a patient has high blood sugar either caused by the body failure to produce enough insulin or the cells failure to respond to the produced insulin. Diabetes can be identified by studying on several readings taken from a patient such as fasting glucose, sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, albumin and many others. This paper presents a study on the prediction of diabetes with different supervised learning algorithms of Artificial Neural Network. Fletcher-Powell Conjugate Gradient, Polak-Ribiére Conjugate Gradient and Scaled Conjugate Gradient algorithms are used for diabetes prediction with the collected data. The network is trained using the data of 250 diabetes patients between 25 to 78 years old. Discussion on the performance of each algorithm is provided by performing regression analysis to investigate the correlation between the predicted and target results. The values of correlation coefficient, R of the algorithms are compared to determine the best algorithm for the diabetes prediction task.
Soft X‐ray polarization in thermal magnetar emission

Emission spectra from magnetars in the soft X-ray band likely contain a thermal component emerging directly from the neutron star (NS) surface. However, the lack of observed absorption-like features in quiescent spectra makes it difficult to directly constrain physical properties of the atmosphere. We argue that future X-ray polarization measurements represent a promising technique for directly constraining the magnetar magnetic field strength and geometry. We construct models of the observed polarization signal from a finite surface hotspot, using the latest NS atmosphere models for magnetic fields B = 4 x 10 13 ―5 × 10 14 G. Our calculations are strongly dependent on the NS magnetic field strength and geometry, and are more weakly dependent on the NS equation of state and atmosphere composition. We discuss how the complementary dependencies of phase-resolved spectroscopy and polarimetry might resolve degeneracies that currently hamper the determination of magnetar physical parameters using thermal models.
On Increasing Signal Integrity with Minimal Decap Insertion in Area-Array SoC Floorplan Design

With technology further scaling into deep submicron era, power supply noise become an important problem. Power supply noise problem is getting worse due to serious IR-drop and simultaneous switching noise, and decoupling capacitance (decap) insertion is commonly applied to alleviate the noise. There exist some approaches to addressing this issue, but they suffer either from over-design problem or late decap insertion during design stage. In this paper, we propose a methodology to insert decap in a more efficient and effective way during early design stage in area-array designs. The experimental results are encouraging. Compared with other approaches in (Zhao et al., 2002) and (Yan et al., 2005), we have inserted enough decap to meet supply noise constraint while others employ more area.
Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Parenthood

The relationship between mother and child has been one of interest to attachment theorists who have studied this relationship following Bowlby’s (1969/1982) proposition that children are attached to their mother. They suggest that their mother is guided by a caregiving behavioural system to provide care and protection to her child. It has been proposed that this system develops throughout life, reaching a peak in its maturity during pregnancy and the transition to motherhood, however the ontology of this system has not previously been studied. Other researchers have proposed that the relationship during pregnancy is reflective of the mother being attached to her foetus. Although many researchers have studied the relationship between mother and foetus and mother and child, very few have looked at these constructs together. This thesis aims to draw together the differing methodologies to provide a better understanding of what impacts a mother’s transition to parenthood and her relationship with her child. The findings of a total of 6 studies will be discussed. First, this research found that the antenatal relationship between a mother and her foetus is best explained as a caregiving relationship rather than as an attachment relationship. Additionally, maternal relationships with partners were important factors in the women’s transition to motherhood – high relationship satisfaction and providing responsive care to partners 1 year after giving birth were significantly associated with lower parenting stress. Finally, a small longitudinal sample from the 3rd trimester of pregnancy until the children were 1 year old is presented. Overall, these results indicate that the development of the caregiving behavioural system merits further study, as it does seem to be related to antenatal relationships, which may impact infant attachment security.
Capital Accumulation, Technological Progress and Environmental Change in a Three-Sector Growth Model

This paper builds a dynamic growth model with wealth accumulation, technological change, and environmental change on the basis of the neoclassical growth theory with an alternative approach to household behavior. The model synthesizes the economic growth mechanism in the neoclassical growth theory, Arrow's learning-by-doing, and the environmental change in some traditional dynamic models of environmental economics. It describes a dynamic interdependence among wealth accumulation, technological change, and environmental change under perfect competition with environmental taxes. The author simulated the model to demonstrate existence of equilibrium points and motion of the dynamic system. In particular, the author demonstrated effects of changes in the government policy and preference upon both short-run and long-run economic behavior of the system.
Flexible Blackbox : Preliminary Results

We argued in our Flexible Graphplan (FGP) work that the classical definition of the planning problem is too rigid to capture the full subtlety of many real problems. In light of this, we provided a new flexible definition and described a solution strategy based upon the Graphplan framework. Under this definition an action must determine how well its preconditions are met and assert a relative satisfaction degree along with its effects. In this paper, we describe how the Blackbox framework can be modified to solve the same flexible problem. Our Flexible Blackbox (FBB) system can synthesise a range of plans for a given flexible problem, trading the compromises made in a plan versus plan length in the same manner as FGP. We detail the modifications required and provide empirical results that compare our implementation of FBB with our FGP solver on a range of flexible problems and against vanilla Blackbox, STAN, IPP, and Graphplan on imperative problems.
The role of message-sequences in the sustainability of an online support community for older people

This article presents an investigation of an online support community for older people, analyzing a data set of messages posted over the period of six years. We studied messages that are related to each other which we call "message-sequences". We investigated the content of message-sequences and linked our findings to the level of activity of the online support community over time. We show how certain sequences of messages within the online community are related to the level of activity thus providing valuable insight into the role of message-sequences in sustaining online support communities for older people. We conclude that the mutual exchange of personal information and receiving support after talking about personal problems are basic components for the sustainability of the online community, whereas conversations that go off the topic of the online community seem to be related to a decrease in the level of activity.
The perceptions of english teachers on english varieties y english language teaching and their implications on current elt practices in public schools in Cali, Colombia

English as a Foreign Language is still the preeminent model in English language teaching. However, the globalized world and reality faced by learners requires recognition, and assessment of new dynamics and models, as English as a Lingua Franca, that align better with the real use of English in the world and contexts in countries in Kachru’s (1985) Expanding Circle, like Colombia. Even though, the Colombian Ministry of Education has developed different policies to promote English learning, these have shown little results and improvement in the language learning due to challenging and difficult learning and teaching conditions in public schools, as well as non-sensitive policies. The purpose of the present study was to inquire about the perceptions of public school English teachers on English varieties and English language teaching in order to identify and analyze their impact on their current English learning, teaching and evaluation practices in Cali, Colombia. This paper reports a research carried out with 17 Non-native English and non-English teachers who teach English in public schools in the city of Cali, Colombia. Results indicated that teachers perceive English from a ‘standard’ scope and this influences their teaching practices, students’ motivations and learning processes, which means that the adoption of a model like ELF would require a deep and slow transformation of teachers’ perceptions towards English and ELT, through a transformative teachers’ training.
HASBE: A Hierarchical Attribute Set Based Encryption For Flexible, Scalable And Fine Grained Access Control In Cloud Computing

At present cloud computing is going to be very famous technology in IT enterprises. For a company, the data stored is huge and it is very precious. All functions are performed through networks. Thus, it becomes very important to have the secured use of data. In cloud computing, the ultimate important concerns of security are data security and confidentiality, and also flexible and scalable, fine grained access control must be keep in the cloud systems. Attribute based encryption (ABE), allows for rare access control on encrypted data. In its key policy extract, the primitive enables senders to encrypt messages under a set of attributes and private keys are associated with access structures that specify which cipher texts the key holder will be allowed to decrypt . we propose the Hierarchical Attribute Set Based Encryption (HASBE) to develop a new security feature for various organizational platforms. It is implemented using cipher text policy by encrypting and decrypting the data in the cloud so that the cloud system becomes more scalable and flexible by enforcing data owners to share their data with data consumers controlled by the domain authority.
Chern-Simons terms and the Three Notions of Charge

Author(s): Marolf, Donald | Abstract: In theories with Chern-Simons terms or modified Bianchi identities, it is useful to define three notions of either electric or magnetic charge associated with a given gauge field. A language for discussing these charges is introduced and the properties of each charge are described. `Brane source charge' is gauge invariant and localized but not conserved or quantized, `Maxwell charge' is gauge invariant and conserved but not localized or quantized, while `Page charge' conserved, localized, and quantized but not gauge invariant. This provides a further perspective on the issue of charge quantization recently raised by Bachas, Douglas, and Schweigert.