Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Specific Negative Emotions and DSM-5 PTSD Among a National Sample of Interpersonal Trauma Survivors

The diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has undergone several significant changes corresponding with the recent implementation of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Many of these changes reflect a growing recognition that PTSD is characterized by a wide range of negative affective experiences that were underrepresented in prior conceptualizations of the disorder. The present study examined the prevalence and correlates of a new Criterion D symptom (D4-Negative Affect), which is aimed at assessing subjective problems with persistent negative emotion states (e.g., fear, anger, shame, guilt, horror) among a sample of 1,522 U.S. adults with a history of interpersonal trauma recruited from a national online panel. The prevalence of D4-Negative Affect was very high among individuals with assault-related PTSD (AR-PTSD) and in particular, was significantly higher than among PTSD negative individuals. Moreover, specific problems with anger, shame, and fear were significantly and uniquely associated with AR-PTSD. Important differences also emerged as a function of gender and interpersonal trauma history. These findings provide initial empirical support for the expanded emphasis on assessing a wide range of negative affective experiences that may be associated with PTSD in DSM-5.
Recovering Probability Distributions from Option Prices

This article derives underlying asset risk-neutral probability distributions of European options on the S&P 500 index. Nonparametric methods are used to choose probabilities that minimize an objective function subject to requiring that the probabilities are consistent with observed option and underlying asset prices. Alternative optimization specifications produce approximately the same implied distributions. A new and fast optimization technique for estimating probability distributions based on maximizing the smoothness of the resulting distribution is proposed. Since the crash, the risk-neutral probability of a three (four) standard deviation decline in the index (about -36 percent (-46 percent) over a year) is about 10 (100) times more likely than under the assumption of lognormality. Copyright 1996 by American Finance Association.
DCSR: A dynamic channel and resolution sampling for a Compressive Sensing receiver to acquire GPS signals

The use of Compressive Sensing (CS) technique to acquire GPS signals saves processing time when compared with software FFT based receivers. The computational complexity is reduced by up to 60%. Such CS solution uses a fixed size measurement matrix chosen to offer a compromise between the processing overhead and signals acquisition success level. This paper proposes a dynamic acquisition algorithm for GPS signals based on CS. Instead of using a fixed size sampling channels and fixed correlators in the measurement matrix, our DSCR dynamically changes the number and size of the required Channels/Correlators according to the received GPS signals power during acquisition. This adaptive solution offers better fix capability when the GPS receiver is located in harsh signal environment or it will save valuable processing/decoding time (battery power, especially for Smartphones) when the receiver outdoors. A feedback loop is devised to control the sampling channels number and resize the measurement matrix.
Urban Competitiveness and Public Procurement for Innovation

Public procurement for innovation represents one of the least studied demand-side innovation policy tools that can be used to increase urban competitiveness. Evidence suggests that local and regional governments are becoming more involved in procuring innovative solutions, but overall knowledge remains limited regarding how they get involved and what effects this involvement has had. Based on a study of Nordic–Baltic Sea cities, the current study reveals that public procurement for innovative solutions has a positive impact on the providers and that urban authorities can act as market creators. The study also demonstrates that public procurement is not seen as an inherent part of innovation policy. A lack of awareness exists among city officials about the connection between procurement and innovation, and local authorities tend not to be willing to take risks when promoting innovation through public procurement. Due to the positive effects, however, further development of related policies is recommended.
Online Disability Accommodations: Faculty Experiences at One Public University.

As the number of postsecondary students with disabilities in online courses continues to rise, it is important that faculty and their institutions continue to assess their ability to provide online accommodations. In this study, researchers examined the online accommodation experiences of faculty at one public university. Roughly 24% of faculty said they had made accommodations for students with verified disabilities and 15% reported experience with making online accommodations for students who stated they had disabilities but had not been verified through Disability Services. Due to their limited experience at making online accommodations, a majority (54%) of faculty were unsure whether they had the knowledge, technology, and support to handle online accommodations. Faculty recommended ongoing support and training for new and experienced faculty, and they also asserted that students needed assistance in increasing awareness of their own responsibilities and of available university resources.
Real and Monetary Shocks and Risk Premia in Forward Markets for Foreign Exchange

A version of the model of Lucas (1982) and Domowitz and Hakkio (1985) is used to compute risk premia on forward foreign exchange from stochastic shocks to goods and money. Risk premium signs and magnitudes vary with shocks and with the intratemporal substitutability of goods in consumption. When the elasticity of substitution is less than (greater than) one, an increase in home good variance induces a decrease (increase) in the risk premium on forward foreign currency. When money is the source of shock, no risk premia appear. A premium can appear unrelated to risk but caused by a 'Jensen's inequality effect. ' Copyright 1993 by Ohio State University Press.
On the application of the Black and Scholes formula to valuing bonds with embedded options: the case of extendible bonds

This paper demonstrates how the Black and Scholes model can be applied to the valuation of a class of bonds with embedded options, namely, extendible bonds. The paper suggests an approach to estimate the model's parameters necessary for the valuation of the embedded options and the associated bonds. It then goes on to empirically price Canadian government extendible bonds and their embedded options for the period 1967 to 1987. The findings show that the Black and Scholes model overestimated the implied market call option to extend the life of the bond or that investors underpriced the option to extend, assuming that the estimated Black and Scholes call prices are correct. While, in dollar terms, the underpricing of the embedded options was more severe in 1980–87 than in 1967–79, in relative terms, the opposite was true. Finally, it appears that the changed monetary and economic environment in the 1980s had a marked impact on the pricing of the options embedded in extendible bonds and their relationship to.
Bonus-Malus Scales in Segmented Tariffs With Stochastic Migration Between Segments

This article proposes a computer-intensive methodology to build bonus-malus scales in automobile insurance. The claim frequency model is taken from Pinquet, Guillen, and Bolance (2001). It accounts for overdispersion, heteroskedasticity, and dependence among repeated observations. Explanatory variables are taken into account in the determination of the relativities, yielding an integrated automobile ratemaking scheme. In that respect, it complements the study of Taylor (1997).
Racial Differences in Marriage and the Role of Marriage Markets

This paper examines the role of marriage markets in explaining racial differences in the timing of marriage. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972, evidence is presented on the magnitude and significance of differences in the timing of first marriage between whites and blacks in the United States. Further, by matching the 1980 U.S. census to the longitudinal data, the effect on the marriage decision of a variety of measures of the marriage market is examined. This paper examines marriage markets defined at various levels of geographic aggregation, alternative definitions of what males are considered "marriageable," market variables that control for the education level of the participants, and changes over time in marriage markets. One of the primary results of the experimentation with various definitions is that, relative to the local level, the variables defined at the state level are able to account for more of the racial differences in the timing of marriage. The paper concludes with an examination of this issue and reveals evidence that suggests that measurement error in the variables defined at the local level may be underlying this result.
Differential action of six human interferons against two human carcinomas growing in nude mice

Six different pure human interferons (IFNs). were tested for anti‐tumour effect against two human carcinomas, breast and bowel, growing in nude mice, in a total of 36 experiments. The IFN‐α mixture, analogue and subtypes showed the greatest activity, particularly against the breast cancer xenograft, whereas IFN‐β and IFN‐γ had little effect. However, circulating IFN could be found in the sera of mice treated with all 3 IFN types. In terms of amount of IFN protein, IFN‐αCon1, an IFN‐α analogue, was the most effective, a dose of 0.1 μg/mouse/day being sufficient to induce breast tumour regression, and IFN‐γ the least effective, a dose of 10 μg/mouse/day having no effect on the same tumour. A more detailed comparison of 2 IFN‐α subtypes showed that a daily dose of 1 μg IFN‐αA was more effective than the same dose of IFN‐αD, but as this IFN had approximately 30 times less antiviral activity on human cells than IFN‐αD, these IFNs were probably at least equally effective in terms of human cell units. IFN‐αD stimulated mouse spleen natural killer cell activity but it was not clear whether this stimulation was involved in anti‐tumour activity. We conclude that this model system is useful for investigating direct anti‐tumour activity of a wide range of IFN types and subtypes.
Retirement Timing in Europe: Does Sector Make a Difference?

This study uses Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe data and event history analysis to determine the effect of sector of employment on retirement timing of older workers aged 50+ in 11 European countries. The findings suggest that older workers in the industrial and financial sectors retire earlier than those in the service sector.
A Unified Classification Model Based on Robust Optimization

A wide variety of machine learning algorithms such as the support vector machine (SVM), minimax probability machine (MPM), and Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) exist for binary classification. The purpose of this letter is to provide a unified classification model that includes these models through a robust optimization approach. This unified model has several benefits. One is that the extensions and improvements intended for SVMs become applicable to MPM and FDA, and vice versa. For example, we can obtain nonconvex variants of MPM and FDA by mimicking Perez-Cruz, Weston, Hermann, and Schölkopf's (2003) extension from convex ν-SVM to nonconvex Eν-SVM. Another benefit is to provide theoretical results concerning these learning methods at once by dealing with the unified model. We give a statistical interpretation of the unified classification model and prove that the model is a good approximation for the worst-case minimization of an expected loss with respect to the uncertain probability distribution. We also propose a nonconvex optimization algorithm that can be applied to nonconvex variants of existing learning methods and show promising numerical results.
The Tolerance of Radius of Defected Cylinder within Periodic Dielectric Waveguide

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is employed to analyze the tolerance of the radius of the defected cylinder within periodical dielectric waveguide (PDWG). The optical transmission is very sensitive to the radius of the defected cylinder. It shows that the tolerance of the radius of defected cylinder within PDWG is not good.
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are improved by the addition of paroxetine to neuroleptics: a double-blind placebo-controlled study

Despite the availability of atypical antipsychotics, the treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia remains a challenge. This study was designed to confirm the positive effect observed in our pilot study with paroxetine as augmentation to antipsychotics in the treatment of negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia. Twenty-nine patients with chronic schizophrenia, as defined by DSM-IV, who scored at least 20 points on the negative subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were randomized for treatment with 30 mg paroxetine or placebo in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study for 12 weeks. Ratings included the PANSS, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and scales for extrapyramidal side-effects. An intention-to-treat analysis was based on the 25 patients who were available for at least one follow-up assessment. The last observation carried forward principle was applied. The mean score of the negative subscale of the PANSS decreased in both groups. Using an analysis of covariance, there was a significant treatment effect with paroxetine compared to placebo with respect to negative symptoms (–4.53; 95% confidence interval −9.054 to −0.015). The mean HAM-D scores remained almost constant. The study suggests the efficacy of paroxetine with respect to the treatment of negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia.
Factor structure of paediatric timed motor examination and its relationship with IQ

Aim Brain systems supporting higher cognitive and motor control develop in a parallel manner, dependent on functional integrity and maturation of related regions, suggesting neighbouring neural circuitry. Concurrent examination of motor and cognitive control can provide a window into neurological development. However, identification of performance‐based measures that do not correlate with IQ has been a challenge.
Advantages of delaying the onset of rehabilitative reaching training in rats with incomplete spinal cord injury

We have previously reported that rehabilitative reaching training initiated 4 days following an incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult rats promotes plasticity and task‐specific recovery. This training, however, also resulted in impairments in an untrained task. Here we examined whether delaying the rehabilitative training following cervical SCI is still effective in promoting task‐specific recovery, but circumvents impairments in an untrained task, comparable to what has been reported in stroke models. Therefore, reaching training for a period of 6 weeks was initiated at Day 12 following a cervical dorso‐lateral quadrant lesion. Thereupon the rats’ ability to reach and to walk on a horizontal ladder (i.e. the untrained task) was assessed, and 8 weeks post‐injury cortical map changes were investigated through microstimulation. Further, we examined changes in phospho protein kinase A (pPKA) levels following an immediate and a delayed onset of reaching training in rats with cervical SCI. We found that delayed rehabilitative training was comparably effective as immediate training in promoting task‐specific recovery and sprouting of injured axons. Importantly, delayed training did not impair the performance on horizontal ladder walking. Strikingly, only delayed reaching training restored cortical PKA levels that had dropped significantly over 2 weeks post‐injury. Additionally, delayed training did not influence cortical map changes following injury, but decreased white matter damage. In conclusion, our results show that a short delay in the onset of training in a forelimb task significantly alters our outcome measures, which should be considered in future rehabilitative approaches.
The mechanism for explosive seed dispersal in Cardamine hirsuta (Brassicaceae).

PREMISE Although many highly successful weed species use a ballistic seed dispersal mechanism, little is known about the mechanics of this process. Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) siliques are morphologically similar to Arabidopsis siliques, but they can project their seeds up to 5 m, while Arabidopsis seeds are dispersed by gravity. Comparison of these species should enable us to determine which structures might be responsible for ballistic seed dispersal. METHODS Sections of Arabidopsis and bittercress siliques were immunolabeled with antibodies raised against a variety of polysaccharide epitopes. RESULTS In bittercress, the second endocarp layer (enB) of the valve had strongly asymmetrical cell wall thickenings, whereas the analogous cells in Arabidopsis were reinforced symmetrically and to a lesser extent. Additionally, an accumulation of mucilaginous pectins was found between the first and second endocarp (enA and enB) layers in the bittercress valve that was not present in Arabidopsis. However, in both species, highly de-esterified homogalacturonan was lost in the dehiscence zone (at the carpel/replum interface) as the siliques matured, thus allowing for separation of the valve at maturity. CONCLUSIONS Ballistic seed dispersal in bittercress may involve the contraction of the outer pericarp tissue against the highly asymmetrically thickened enB cells, which are hypothesized to bend in one direction preferentially. The stress generated by the differential drying of the inner and outer layers of the valve is released suddenly as the adhesion between the cells of the dehiscence zone is lost, leading to a rapid coiling of the valve and dispersal of the seeds.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Coordinated Direct and Relay Transmission

In this work, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in coordinated direct and relay transmission (CDRT) is introduced, where a base station (BS) directly communicates with user equipment 1 (UE1) while communicating with user equipment 2 (UE2) only through a relay. The main challenge of nonorthogonal CDRT can be solved by using the inherent property of NOMA that allows a receiver to obtain side information such as other TIE's data for interference cancellation. Analytical expressions for outage probability and ergodic sum capacity are provided. It is shown that the proposed NOMA in CDRT provides remarkable performance gain compared with NOMA in non-coordinated direct and relay transmission (nCDRT); the sum capacity scaling of the proposed scheme is log ρb as signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) ρb increases, but 1/2log ρb for NOMA in nCDRT. Exact and closed-form expressions for outage probability of each stream for UE1 and UE2 are respectively derived, and it is shown that the achievable diversity orders for each stream are same as one.
Measuring the potential success of information system implementation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility of using a metric to measure user acceptability of a system prior to its implementation.Design/methodology/approach – Empirical research is carried within PISO®, an existing process improvement method that harnesses the expertise of system users in redesigning systems. A metric called “warm glow” is trialled, designed to test the level of user acceptance to system change.Findings – The paper finds that the “warm glow” metric was applied to a number of system redesigns applying the PISO method, to check user opinion of the existing system against the proposed system. It was found that use of the “warm glow” metric does give a measured approach to gauging acceptability. Two possible influences were considered during the study. The first was the Halo effect which suggests an optimal stage in the redesign at which to rate processes in terms of user opinion. Results in this case appeared consistent irrespective of time. The second was the Hawtho.
Analysis on dual system (carbon tax plus emission trading) in domestic CO2 abatement strategy-CGE analysis for Korean case-

Economic impacts from the introduction of dual system -carbon tax plus emission trading- to the Korean economy were analyzed. For the comprehensive analysis, a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model was developed in which dual system can be comprehensively analyzed. When emission trading can not be introduced to all emitters in the economy, dual system with carbon tax for small emitters and emissions trading for large emitters could be the best approach in domestic carbon dioxide abatement strategy. In dual system, monetary interests of the participants in emission trading and carbon tax payer are dependent on their marginal cost to reduce carbon emission. By the introduction of dual system, GDP, private consumption and value-added are evaluated to be decreased while international trade balance is estimated to be improved.
The Impact of Litigation Risk on the Strategic Timing of Management Earnings Forecasts

type="main" xml:id="acfi12065-abs-0001"> This paper examines whether managers strategically time their earnings forecasts (MEFs) as litigation risk increases. We find as litigation risk increases, the propensity to release a delayed forecast until after the market is closed (AMC) or a Friday decreases but not proportionally more for bad news than for good news. How costly this behaviour is to investors is questionable as share price returns do not reveal any under-reaction to strategically timed bad news MEF released AMC. We also find evidence consistent with managers timing their MEFs during a natural no-trading period to better disseminate information.
The Relationship between Suicidal Behavior and Productive Activities of Young Adults

This paper provides an analysis of the link between suicidal behaviors and human capital formation of young adults in the United States. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we estimate the effects of suicide thoughts and attempts on the probability of engaging in work or attending school. The richness of the data set allows us to implement several strategies to control for unobserved heterogeneity and the potential reverse causality. These strategies include using a large set of control variables that are likely to be correlated with both suicidal behavior and the outcome measures, an instrumental variables method, and fixed effects analyses from the subsamples of twin and sibling pairs. Results from the different identification strategies consistently indicate that both suicide thoughts and suicide attempts decrease the likelihood that a young adult individual engages in work or schooling.
Collaborative study on the genetics of asthma in Germany

In several clinical centres in Germany (Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and others) a collaborative study on the genetics of asthma is being performed. It started at the beginning of 1995, when 100 nuclear families with two or more affected siblings were recruited. The participants are being characterized by interview information, methacholine challenge, peak flow variability, skin‐prick test, total and specific IgE.