Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Matey Mateev , a missing friend Clifford Algebras and Spinors

Expository notes on Clifford algebras and spinors with a detailed discussion of Majorana, Weyl, and Dirac spinors. The paper is meant as a review of background material, needed, in particular, in now fashionable theoretical speculations on neutrino masses. It has a more mathematical flavour than the over twenty-six-year-old Introduction to Majorana masses [1] and includes historical notes and biographical data on past participants in the story. PACS codes: 03.65. Fd, 04.20. Gz 1 Quaternions, Grassmann and Clifford Algebras Clifford’s1 paper [2] on “geometric algebra” (published a year before his death) had two sources: Grassmann’s2 algebra and Hamilton’s3 quaternions whose ∗Lectures presented at the University of Sofia in October-November, 2010. Lecture notes prepared together with Dimitar Nedanovski (e-mail: dnedanovski@inrne.bas.bg) and completed during the stay of the author at the ICTP, Trieste and at CERN, Geneva. 1William Kingdon Clifford (1845-1879) early appreciated the work of Lobachevsky and Riemann; he was the first to translate into English Riemann’s inaugural lecture On the hypotheses which lie at the bases of geometry. His view of the physical world as variation of curvature of space anticipated Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He died (before reaching 34) of tuberculosis, aggravated (if not caused) by overwork. 2Hermann Günter Grassmann (1809-1877), a German polymath, first published his fundamental work that led the foundations of linear algebra (and contained the definition of exterior product), in 1844. He was too far ahead of his time to be understood by his contemporaries. Unable to get a position as a professor in mathematics, Grassmann turned to linguistic. His sound law of IndoEuropean (in particular, of Greek and Sanskrit) languages was recognized during his lifetime. 3William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865) introduced during 1827-1835 what is now called Hamiltonian but also the Lagrangian formalism unifying mechanics and optics. He realized by that time that multiplication by a complex number of absolute value one is equivalent to a rotation in the Euclidean (complex) 2-plane C and started looking for a 3-dimensional generalization of the complex numbers that would play a similar role in the geometry of 3-space. After many unsuccessful attempts, on October 16, 1843, while walking along the Royal Canal, he suddenly had the inspiration that not three but a four dimensional generalization of C existed and was doing the job – see introduction to [3]. 1310–0157 c © 2011 Heron Press Ltd. 3
Multiwavelength Monitoring of the Gamma-Bright Blazar Mkn 421

We present the results of photo-polarimetric monitoring observations of the blazar Markarian 421 carried out with different telescopes (the 0.4 m telescopes of St. Petersburg State University and the Pulkovo Observatory, the 0.7 m telescope of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory) during 2008–2015. We analyse the optical data as well as gamma-ray ligh t curves obtained with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. The multiwavelength flux variations are discussed.
Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase Regulates Triacylglycerol Accumulation in the Model Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum[C][W][OPEN]

The marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum stores carbon and energy in the form of lipids, predominantly triacylglycerols (TAGs), making it an attractive system for biodiesel production, but the mechanism underlying TAG accumulation is unclear. Using label-free quantitative proteomics and functional analysis, this study shows that the carboxylase MCC2 regulates TAG accumulation in this model diatom. The model marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum can accumulate high levels of triacylglycerols (TAGs) under nitrogen depletion and has attracted increasing attention as a potential system for biofuel production. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in TAG accumulation in diatoms are largely unknown. Here, we employed a label-free quantitative proteomics approach to estimate differences in protein abundance before and after TAG accumulation. We identified a total of 1193 proteins, 258 of which were significantly altered during TAG accumulation. Data analysis revealed major changes in proteins involved in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolic processes, glycolysis, and lipid metabolic processes. Subsequent quantitative RT-PCR and protein gel blot analysis confirmed that four genes associated with BCAA degradation were significantly upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels during TAG accumulation. The most significantly upregulated gene, encoding the β-subunit of methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC2), was selected for further functional studies. Inhibition of MCC2 expression by RNA interference disturbed the flux of carbon (mainly in the form of leucine) toward BCAA degradation, resulting in decreased TAG accumulation. MCC2 inhibition also gave rise to incomplete utilization of nitrogen, thus lowering biomass during the stationary growth phase. These findings help elucidate the molecular and metabolic mechanisms leading to increased lipid production in diatoms.
Pitting Formation in Concave-Convex Gears Manufactured from AISI 8620 Steel

In this study, the pitting formation of the tooth flank of concave-convex involute gears was investigated. The gears were manufactured from AISI 8620 steel with computer numerical control (CNC) machining and subjected to a cementation hardening process because they could not be produced using traditional methods. The results of the experimental studies with these gears were compared to those obtained with spur gears. As a result of this comparison, and because the pitch line of spur gears is less than the pitch line of concave-convex gears with exactly the same dimensions, the maximum Hertz stress formed in the pitch point of concave-convex gears is found to be less than that formed in the pitch point of spur gears. Therefore, the formation of pitting in concave-convex gears is quite delayed.
Draft Genome Sequence of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa Strain Stag’s Leap

ABSTRACT Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa causes Pierce's disease of grapevine. Presented here is the draft genome sequence of the Stag's Leap strain, previously used in pathogenicity/virulence assays to evaluate grapevine germplasm bearing Pierce's disease resistance and a phenotypic assessment of knockout mutants to determine gene function.
Ensuring safety in human-robot coexisting environment based on two-level protection

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a novel methodology based on two-level protection for ensuring safety of the moving human who enters the robot’s workspace, which is significant for dealing with the problem of human security in a human-robot coexisting environment. Design/methodology/approach In this system, anyone who enters the robot’s working space is detected by using the Kinect and their skeletons are calculated by the interval Kalman filter in real time. The first-level protection is mainly based on the prediction of the human motion, which used Gaussian mixture model and Gaussian Mixture Regression. However, even in cases where the prediction of human motion is incorrect, the system can still safeguard the human by enlarging the initial bounding volume of the human as the second-level early warning areas. Finally, an artificial potential field with some additional avoidance strategies is used to plan a path for a robot manipulator. Findings Experimental studies on the GOOGOL GRB3016 robot show that the robot manipulator can accomplish the predetermined tasks by circumventing the human, and the human does not feel dangerous. Originality/value This study presented a new framework for ensuring human security in a human-robot coexisting environment, and thus can improve the reliability of human-robot cooperation.
Evolutionary Robotics: Exploiting the Full Power of Self-organization

In this paper I claim that one of the main characteristics that makes the evolutionary robotics approach suitable for the study of adaptive behavior in natural and artificial agents is the possibility of relying largely on a self-organization process. Indeed, by using artificial evolution the role of the designer may be limited to the specification of a fitness function which measures the ability of a given robot to perform a desired task. From an engineering point of view, the main advantage of relying on self-organization is the fact that the designer does not need to divide the desired behavior into simple basic behaviors to be implemented in separate layers (or modules) of the robot control system. By selecting individuals for their ability to perform the desired behavior as a whole, simple basic behaviors can emerge from the interaction between several processes in the control system and from the interaction between the robot and the environment. From the point of view of the study of natural systems.
DATA FUSION, THE CORE TECHNOLOGY FOR FUTURE ON-BOARD DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM

Currently, more and more earth observation data have been acquired by many kinds of sensors on different platform, such as optic sensors, microwave sensors, infrared sensors, hyperspectral sensors, etc. Thanks to giant resource being required to store and transmit these tremendous data so that the cost is very large and the efficiency is low, investigators are compelled to process them on-board as possible as they can. So far, on-board data processing only settles on some simple preprocessing, such as correction, denoising, compensation, etc. Information extraction not only is the objective of earth observation, but can distill large amount data so that amount of data needing to be stored and transmitted is reduced greatly. Feature extraction, change detection, and object recognition executed on-board will provide us an efficient information extraction system for earth observation. Data fusion technique has been widely used to process earth observation data on the ground, which can generate data with higher quality and extract better information from multisource or multitemporal data. Furthermore, data fusion can also be used to extract better information from these data on-board, simultaneously, the redundant data will be eliminated greatly so as to accelerate data processing and reduce data for storage and transmission. However, on-board data fusion processing will confront more difficulty, one of the most principal troubles is that on-board data processing system must be completely autonomous, which results in some procedures such as image registration, feature extraction, change detection, object recognition becoming more complicated, while they can be processed by help of manual operates despite being difficult on the ground. Of course, the tremendous advantage of data fusion for on-board data processing will promote investigators to remove the obstacles on the road to on-board data fusion-based information extraction.
Heat Transfer Enhancement of Graphite–modified Concrete Energy Piles

Designed for utilizing the ground-source systems for heating and cooling, the use of energy piles in commercial and residential buildings has increased exponentially especially in Europe. The heat transfer efficiency of energy piles may directly influence the energy-saving effect on buildings. Apart from the optimization of pipe laying, many other factors can also influence the heat transfer efficiency of energy piles. In this study, a new method that can increase the heat transfer efficiency of energy piles was proposed to explore the influences of adding graphite powder with high thermal conductivity to pile concrete on the heat transfer efficiency of energy piles. The thermal resistance models of energy piles in three different pipe-burying modes were constructed by combining the 2D plane method and the heat transfer mechanism of energy piles. The internal heat transfer characteristics of energy piles at different temperatures, graphite contents, and pipe-burying modes were discussed by combining the indoor thermal conductivity test of graphite-modified concrete. The external heat transfer characteristics of graphite-modified concrete energy piles were analyzed through numerical simulation analysis. Results demonstrate that the increase in graphite contents is beneficial to heat transfer in energy piles. In particular, thermal conductivity significantly increases when the graphite content exceeds 5%. The high temperature in the pipe is also conducive to the thermal conductivity of the energy pile. The thermal conductivity of the concrete samples with 8% graphite content in an environment at 40°C is 1.35 times that at 20°C. The heat transfer efficiency of the spiral coil-type energy pile is higher than those of single-U and double-U tube energy piles. The proposed method provides a certain reference for improving the heat transfer efficiency of energy piles and constructing the internal and external heat transfer models in energy piles.
Mobilization as Mediation

ABSTRACT In this essay, we examine the potentials and challenges of mobile computing for a core activity of archaeological laboratory research—the typological analysis of ceramics. We discuss the collaborative development, implementation, and evaluation of the PAZC Ceramics module in the FAIMS Mobile platform. Our deployment of the module yielded significant improvements in the efficiency of data collection, as well as reduced numbers of missing fields and higher user satisfaction scores. However, it did not improve data consistency between users and yielded a classificatory system that was somewhat more challenging to update than our previous mode of operation. These results underscore some of the trade-offs that may be entailed in employing mobile technologies for archaeological applications and highlight the ways in which specific media configurations impact the production of archaeological knowledge. En este artículo, examinamos las posibilidades y desafíos que presenta la computación móvil para una actividad fundamental de la investigación arqueológica —el análisis tipológico de la cerámica. Discutimos el desarrollo colaborativo, la implementación y la evaluación de PAZC Ceramics, un módulo de la plataforma de Sistemas de Manejo de Información Adquirida en Campo (FAIMS, por sus siglas en inglés). Nuestra implementación del módulo produjo mejoras significativas en la eficiencia de la recolección de datos, así como un número reducido de campos perdidos y mayores puntuaciones de satisfacción de usuario. Sin embargo, no mejoró la coherencia de los datos entre usuarios y produjo un sistema clasificatorio un poco más difícil de actualizar respecto al modo de operación anterior. Estos resultados ponen de relieve algunos de los retos que presenta el empleo de tecnologías móviles para aplicaciones arqueológicas y destacan las maneras en que las configuraciones específicas del sistema de registro pueden afectar la producción del conocimiento arqueológico.
Design of bifocal compound eyes and gray mask fabrication based on maskless photolithography

Maskless photolithography was proposed to achieve the conventional and low-cost micro and nano fabrication, the pivotal of such technology was the application of digital micro-mirrors devices (DMD). Based on maskless photolithography, we designed a specific bifocal compound eyes (BCE) which made up of an array of two superimposed microlens. However, during our experiments, we found the existence of nonlinear relationships among gray levels, exposure intensity and development depths. To precise control the surface profiles, we did several tests and interpolations were used on the data we gathered. Finally, we ascertained the development depth of each grayscale, a gray mask was designed and filled to 1024*768 to fit the size of DMD.
Context-Dependent Phenotype of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nucleocapsid Mutation

ABSTRACT The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nucleocapsid mutation R10A/K11A abolishes viral replication when present in proviral clone HIV-1HXB-2, but it was found to have minimal effect on replication of the closely related HIV-1NL4-3. Functional mapping demonstrated that a nonconservative amino acid change at nucleocapsid residue 24 (threonine in HIV-1HXB-2, isoleucine in HIV-1NL4-3) is the major determinant of the different R10A/K11A phenotypes in these two proviruses. Threonine-isoleucine exchanges appear to modify the R10A/K11A phenotype via effects on virion RNA-packaging efficiency. The improved packaging seen with hydrophobic isoleucine is consistent with solution structures localizing this residue to a hydrophobic pocket that contacts guanosine bases in viral genomic RNA stem-loops critical for packaging.
Fighting Gulliver: An Experiment with Cross-Platform Players Fighting a Body-Controlled Giant

Pretend play is a play where children assign roles and then act them out. A child may even imagine himself as a giant among his toys in his play. To rebuild such pretend play, immersive gaming experience is required throughout the gameplay. We introduce Fighting Gulliver, featuring an innovative game design that integrates cutting-edge technologies including virtual reality (VR), body motion input methods, mobile devices, and wearable devices. The player with VR headsets and body motion capturing devices plays as the giant, while others without the two devices join forces to defeat the giant. Players playing character roles other than the giant are not limited on a desktop device. Entering the game through different devices results in different character roles, skills, and user interfaces. As a result, Fighting Gulliver is a cross-platform multiplayer online role-playing game (MORPG) with novel gaming experience and unique game settings rarely found in previous works. Game balance design and a user study are also discussed in this work.
Integration of GIS and video surveillance

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the integration of three-dimensional (3D) geographic information systems (GIS) and video surveillance systems using augmented reality (AR) techniques. The motivation for this integration is to overcome problems faced by conventional video surveillance systems. Explicit information concerning which camera currently monitors what area in such systems is missing; therefore, insight into the situation depends heavily on the operator’s training and experience. To ensure the complete coordination and monitoring of a situation in a system with multiple cameras, it is necessary to introduce a single reference system. GIS arises as a natural solution because it not only provides a solid ground truth but also provides semantic information that can be highly important in certain video surveillance applications. To integrate information into a GIS application, that information must be georeferenced. Based on our previous research regarding the addition of georeferencing information to surveillance video, this paper introduces models that can be applied to help integrate video and GIS. With an analogy to Milgram’s continuum between the real world and virtual reality, and analogous to the augmented reality and augmented virtuality in Milgram’s continuum, two models of integration are defined here: GIS-augmented video and video-augmented GIS. Then, we define the architecture of GIS-based video surveillance based on these proposed integration models, and finally, a prototype is implemented. The implemented prototype serves as a basis for analysing possible applications of real-world systems based on the integration of GIS and video.
Influence of longitudinal mode lock by external grating on filamentation and catastrophic optical mirror damage (COMD) of 970 nm broad area single emitters

For many applications, laser diodes with very narrow and stable emission wavelength are needed. The realization of mode selection by an external cavity system with a grating is widely used. The influence of longitudinal mode selection by external grating on the filamentation and catastrophic optical mirror damage (COMD) of 970 nm broad area single emitters is studied in this paper. The emitters worked at three configurations: free running, with 10% mirror feedback (mirror lasers), and 10% grating feedback (grating lasers). The grating lasers showed very short lifetime caused by COMD, while the free-running lasers and mirror lasers show no power degradation. The COMD was confirmed by optical microscope showing cracking and melting of the optical antireflective (AR) coatings. By observing the near-field pattern of the three lasers, the COMD of the grating lasers was attributed to the pronounced filamentation induced by the grating feedback. What’s more, the filamentations vary when the locked wavelength change which indicates that the carrier dynamics thus the refractive index profile is very sensitive to the locked lasing wavelength.
Algorithmics and applications of tree and graph searching

Modern search engines answer keyword-based queries extremely efficiently. The impressive speed is due to clever inverted index structures, caching, a domain-independent knowledge of strings, and thousands of machines. Several research efforts have attempted to generalize keyword search to keytree and keygraph searching, because trees and graphs have many applications in next-generation database systems. This paper surveys both algorithms and applications, giving some emphasis to our own work.
Effects of heat stress on the antimicrobial drug resistance of Escherichia coli of the intestinal flora of swine

The effects of heat stress on the antimicrobial drug resistance of Escherichia coli of the intestinal tract of swine were studied in animals from a farm that had not been supplementing antimicrobials in feed for the past 10 years. In one study, 10 finisher hogs were heat stressed (34 °C) for 24 h. Antimicrobial resistance levels after stress were significantly higher (P < 0·05) when compared with pre‐stress levels for amikacin, ampicillin, cephalothin, neomycin and tetracycline from faecal samples. This high level of resistance persisted to slaughter that occurred at 10 days post‐stress for most of the antimicrobials mentioned. In a second study, samples of different sections of the gastrointestinal tract were collected after heat stress and compared with control, non‐stressed animals. Results indicated that E. coli which colonized the ileum and caecum had a higher level of resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline than the E. coli which colonized the colon and rectum. When animals were exposed to heat stress, resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline of E. coli in the lower digestive tract increased (P < 0·05) to a level similar to that observed in the ileum and caecum. Based on these findings, an investigation was made to test the hypothesis that (a) an increase in intestinal motility increases shedding of resistant E. coli and (b) heat stress induces a reduction in intestinal transit time in swine. For each study, two groups of three, randomly selected finisher hogs each were formed (treated and control groups). In study (a), induction of increased motility and peristalsis was obtained using an intramuscular injection of the cholinergic drug neostigmine methylsulphate. Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from the ileum, caecum, colon and rectum after animals were slaughtered. A higher level of ampicillin‐resistant E. coli was found in the caecum (40%) than in other segments of the intestinal tract. In treated animals, level of resistance increased for organisms from the colon and rectum. Similar results were obtained for tetracycline resistance. In study (b), intestinal transit time was measured using chromium‐EDTA as a marker. Swine were euthanized and samples were collected throughout the intestinal tract (duodenum to rectum) 8 h after administration of the marker to control and heat‐stressed animals. Results indicated a reduced transit time for the stressed group. These findings corroborate the initial hypothesis that an outflow of resistant organisms moves from the upper tract (ileum and caecum) to the lower tract (colon and rectum).