Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Acceptance of Negative Emotions: The Positive Relationship With Effective Cognitive Reappraisal

Whereas some theories of cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) propose that acceptance and reappraisal conflict with one another, we propose that one component of acceptance, self-acceptance of negative emotions (being nonjudgmental of oneself for experiencing negative emotions), and reappraisal may facilitate one another. We hypothesized that emotion regulation (self-efficacy and frequency of suppression and reappraisal) would be associated with a stronger correlation between self-acceptance and more positive/less negative affect. We also examined whether self-acceptance is associated with a stronger correlation between emotion regulation and affect. Participants (n = 267) completed measures of self-acceptance, affect, and emotion regulation. Use of emotion regulation strategies was associated with stronger relationships between self-acceptance and affect, and self-acceptance was associated with stronger relationships between emotion regulation and affect. This suggests that self-acceptance and emotion re.
A Fast View-Temporal Prediction Algorithm for Stereoscopic Video Coding

Based on the temporal and interview redundancy of stereoscopic video coding, a fast motion and disparity estimation algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a credible start point is designed taking use of the view-temporal correlation of neighboring motion and disparity vectors. Secondly, an improved searching strategy is proposed to reduce the computational complexity, in which only 2-pixel refinement is needed around the start point. The proposed algorithm can get both motion vector and disparity vector during one estimation process. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can reduce up to 96% coding time compared with inter-view full search with a negligible quality drop. Keywords-stereoscopic video coding; disparity estimation; viewtemporal correlation; interview redundancy
Predicate based Algorithm for Malicious Web Page Detection using Genetic Fuzzy Systems and Support Vector Machine

In the era of internet, users are keen to discover more in the web. As the number of web pages increases day-by-day malicious web pages are also increasing proportionally. This paper focus on detecting maliciousness in a web page using genetically evolved fuzzy rules. The above formed rules are filtered by Support Vector Machine and finally storing the result in a symbolic knowledge base, with appropriate weightage for each rule. This provides an insight to symbolic and non-symbolic intelligence in malicious web page detection. General Terms Malicious web page, Static features, Potential features, Rule weightage.
Reliability of plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 as risk biomarker in epidemiological studies measured over a four-month period

Background Identified as a biomarker of altered calcium–phosphorus metabolism in chronic kidney disease, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) can also be used as a biomarker of risk for cardiovascular disease in the general population. However, it is crucial to first evaluate the reproducibility (reliability) of plasma FGF-23 concentrations. Methods We assessed the reliability of plasma FGF-23 concentrations using replicate blood samples taken four months apart of 207 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam Study. Results Plasma FGF-23 concentrations at baseline (geometric mean: 24.7 RU/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI] in RU/mL: 21.8–27.9) were not significantly different from those measured four months later (geometric mean: 23.7 RU/mL; 95% CI in RU/mL: 20.6–27.1; P = 0.42). The intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.69 (95% CI: 0.62–0.76) for all; 0.64 (95% CI: 0.50–0.75) for men and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.64–0.81) for women. Conclusions Plasma FGF-23 concentrations showed good reliability over time. Our findings suggest that in epidemiological studies, a single plasma FGF-23 measurement may be sufficient to derive the relative risk in prospective cohort studies.
Longitudinal analysis of progression in glaucoma using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

PURPOSE To compare the longitudinal loss of RNFL thickness measurements by SD-OCT in healthy individuals and glaucoma patients with or without progression concerning optic disc morphology. METHODS A total of 62 eyes, comprising 38 glaucomatous eyes with open angle glaucoma and 24 healthy controls, were included in the study (Erlangen Glaucoma Registry, NTC00494923). All patients were investigated annually over a period of 3 years by Spectralis SD-OCT measuring peripapillary RNFL thickness. By masked comparative analysis of photographs, the eyes were classified into nonprogressive and progressive glaucoma cases. Longitudinal loss of RNFL thickness was compared with morphological changes of optic disc morphology. RESULTS Mixed model analysis of annual OCT scans revealed an estimated annual decrease of the RNFL thickness by 2.12 μm in glaucoma eyes with progression, whereas glaucoma eyes without progression in optic disc morphology lost 1.18 μm per year in RNFL thickness (P = 0.002). The rate of change in healthy eyes was 0.60 μm and thereby also significantly lower than in glaucoma eyes with progression (P < 0.001). The intrasession variability of three successive measurements without head repositioning was 1.5 ± 0.7 μm. The loss of mean RNFL thickness exceeded the intrasession variability in 60% of nonprogressive eyes, and in 85% of progressive eyes after 3 years. CONCLUSIONS LONGITUDINAL MEASUREMENTS OF RNFL THICKNESS USING SD-OCT SHOW A MORE PRONOUNCED REDUCTION OF RNFL THICKNESS IN PATIENTS WITH PROGRESSION COMPARED WITH PATIENTS WITHOUT PROGRESSION IN GLAUCOMATOUS OPTIC DISC CHANGES. (www.clinicaltrials.gov number, NTC00494923.).
Calmodulin Controls Synaptic Strength via Presynaptic Activation of Calmodulin Kinase II

Calmodulin regulates multifarious cellular processes via a panoply of target interactions. However, the central role, multiple isoforms, and complex target interactions of calmodulin make it difficult to examine its precise functions. Here, we analyzed calmodulin function in neurons using lentivirally delivered short-hairpin RNAs that suppressed expression of all calmodulin isoforms by ∼70%. Calmodulin knockdown did not significantly alter neuronal survival or synapse formation but depressed spontaneous neuronal network activity. Strikingly, calmodulin knockdown decreased the presynaptic release probability almost twofold, without altering the presynaptic readily-releasable vesicle pool or postsynaptic neurotransmitter reception. In calmodulin knockdown neurons, presynaptic release was restored to wild-type levels by expression of constitutively active calmodulin-dependent kinase-IIα (CaMKIIα); in contrast, in control neurons, expression of constitutively active CaMKIIα had no effect on presynaptic release. Viewed together, these data suggest that calmodulin performs a major function in boosting synaptic strength via direct activation of presynaptic calmodulin-dependent kinase II.
Source Material and Concentration of Wildfire-Produced Pyrogenic Carbon Influence Post-Fire Soil Nutrient Dynamics

Pyrogenic carbon (PyC) is produced by the thermal decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen (O). PyC affects nutrient availability, may enhance post-fire nitrogen (N) mineralization rates, and can be a significant carbon (C) pool in fire-prone ecosystems. Our objectives were to characterize PyC produced by wildfires and examine the influence that contrasting types of PyC have on C and N mineralization rates. We determined C, N, O, and hydrogen (H) concentrations and atomic ratios of charred bark (BK), charred pine cones (PC), and charred woody debris (WD) using elemental analysis. We also incubated soil amended with BK, PC, and WD at two concentrations for 60 days to measure C and N mineralization rates. PC had greater H/C and O/C ratios than BK and WD, suggesting that PC may have a lesser aromatic component than BK and WD. C and N mineralization rates decreased with increasing PyC concentrations, and control samples produced more CO2 than soils amended with PyC. Soils with PC produced greater CO2 and had lower N mineralization rates than soils with BK or WD. These results demonstrate that PyC type and concentration have potential to impact nutrient dynamics and C flux to the atmosphere in post-fire forest soils.
Semi-supervised Multi-label Learning Algorithm Using Dependency Among Labels

In this paper, we present a semi-supervised algorithm for multi-label learning by exploring the relationship among labels. Based on the accuracy, we determine the classification order for labels, a list of classifiers is trained by this order, with each classifier being trained by using the outputs of the previous classifiers in the list as additional input features. Experiments on three multi-label data sets show that our algorithm has substantial advantage over the comparing algorithms.
Breaking the Caste Barrier: Intergenerational Mobility in India

We contrast the intergenerational mobility rates of the historically disadvantaged scheduled castes and tribes (SC/ST) in India with the rest of the workforce in terms of their education attainment, occupation choices and wages. Using survey data from successive rounds of the National Sample Survey between 1983 and 2005, we find that intergenerational education and income mobility rates of SC/STs have converged to non-SC/ST levels during this period. Moreover, SC/STs have matched non-SC/STs in occupation mobility rates. We conclude that the last 20 years of structural changes in India have coincided with a breaking down of caste-based barriers to socioeconomic mobility.
Modulation of defensive reflex conditioning in snails by serotonin

Highlights Daily injection of serotonin before a training session accelerated defensive reflex conditioning in snails. Daily injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan before a training session in snails with a deficiency of serotonin induced by the “neurotoxic” analog of serotonin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, restored the ability of snails to learn. After injection of the “neurotoxic” analogs of serotonin 5,6- and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine as well as serotonin, depolarization of the membrane and decrease of the threshold potential of premotor interneurons was observed. We studied the role of serotonin in the mechanisms of learning in terrestrial snails. To produce a serotonin deficit, the “neurotoxic” analogs of serotonin, 5,6- or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6/5,7-DHT) were used. Injection of 5,6/5,7-DHT was found to disrupt defensive reflex conditioning. Within 2 weeks of neurotoxin application, the ability to learn had recovered. Daily injection of serotonin before a training session accelerated defensive reflex conditioning and daily injections of 5-HTP in snails with a deficiency of serotonin induced by 5,7-DHT restored the snail's ability to learn. We discovered that injections of the neurotoxins 5,6/5,7-DHT as well as serotonin, caused a decrease in the resting and threshold potentials of the premotor interneurons LPa3 and RPa3.
A license plate segmentation algorithm based on MSER and template matching

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is becoming more and more popular in daily life. The License Plate Recognition (LPR) is an important part of the ITS, and it is also a basic part in traffic management. Generally speaking, the LPR system consists of three parts: license plate location, license plate character segmentation and character recognition. In this paper, a license plate character segmentation algorithm based on Maximally Stable Extremal Region (MSER) and template matching is proposed. The MSER detector is used to detect the candidate character regions and the template matching is in order to accurately find the location of the seven license plate characters. The algorithm is tested on a dataset which is achieved through the license plate location. The dataset includes two categories of license plate: one-row plate and two-row plate. The average accuracy of this algorithm is 96.08%.
Generating Test Cases Specifications for BPEL Compositions of Web Services Using SPIN

Generating test cases for compositions of web services is complex, due to their distributed nature and asynchronous behaviour. In this paper, a formal verification tool ‐ the SPIN model checker ‐ is used to generate test suite specifications for compositions specified in BPEL. A transition coverage criterion is employed to defin e a systematic procedure to select the test cases. The approach is applied to the “loan ap proval” sample composition.
Increasing Accuracy: A New Design and Algorithm for Automatically Measuring Weights, Travel Direction and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) of Penguins

A fully automated weighbridge using a new algorithm and mechanics integrated with a Radio Frequency Identification System is described. It is currently in use collecting data on Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) at Bird Island, South Georgia. The technology allows researchers to collect very large, highly accurate datasets of both penguin weight and direction of their travel into or out of a breeding colony, providing important contributory information to help understand penguin breeding success, reproductive output and availability of prey. Reliable discrimination between single and multiple penguin crossings is demonstrated. Passive radio frequency tags implanted into penguins allow researchers to match weight and trip direction to individual birds. Low unit and operation costs, low maintenance needs, simple operator requirements and accurate time stamping of every record are all important features of this type of weighbridge, as is its proven ability to operate 24 hours a day throughout a breeding season, regardless of temperature or weather conditions. Users are able to define required levels of accuracy by adjusting filters and raw data are automatically recorded and stored allowing for a range of processing options. This paper presents the underlying principles, design specification and system description, provides evidence of the weighbridge’s accurate performance and demonstrates how its design is a significant improvement on existing systems.
Exploring the Usefulness of Cross-lingual Information Fusion for Refining Real-time News Event Extraction: A Preliminary Study

Nowadays, many influential facts are reported multiple times by different sources and in different languages. This paper presents the results of an experiment on deploying cross-lingual information fusion techniques for refining the results of a large-scale multilingual news event extraction system. An evaluation on a test corpus consisting of 618 event descriptions which refer to 523 real-world events revealed that the description of circa 10% of the events extracted by the mono-lingual systems could be refined. In particular, an overall gain of 6,4% and 4,8% in recall and precision against the best monolingual system could be obtained respectively.
Instability and caregiving in the lives of street‐involved youth from foster care

ABSTRACT A large proportion of youth who become street‐involved have experience in foster care, and our sample of 92 street‐involved youth, aged 14–18 years, all had foster care experience. We report on (i) instability of guardians and home from birth to street involvement; (ii) the connection between perceptions about foster care and measures of well‐being; and (iii) the implications of these findings for understanding street‐involved youth and the role of foster care in their life. The average number of transitions per youth from birth to mid‐teens was nine. Youth with experience in permanent care first lived away from biological parents at age 8.5 years, and for those with temporary care experience, it was age 10 years. Foster care was one of many living situations and one of several sources of caregivers. If participants were satisfied with foster care, they were more likely to be currently hopeful and happy. Participants who experienced positive influences from at least one long‐term caregiver tended to have other positive caregiver experiences, and those with negative influences were more likely to also have a positive relationship with a female caregiver. Foster care was one of several ‘way stations’ in their lives, one whose meaning needs further study.
A Hierarchical Pitman-Yor Process HMM for Unsupervised Part of Speech Induction

In this work we address the problem of unsupervised part-of-speech induction by bringing together several strands of research into a single model. We develop a novel hidden Markov model incorporating sophisticated smoothing using a hierarchical Pitman-Yor processes prior, providing an elegant and principled means of incorporating lexical characteristics. Central to our approach is a new type-based sampling algorithm for hierarchical Pitman-Yor models in which we track fractional table counts. In an empirical evaluation we show that our model consistently out-performs the current state-of-the-art across 10 languages.
Enhancement of IEEE 802.11 modules in ns-2 and performance evaluation with error rate

Ns-2 is being widely utilized to evaluate the wired and wireless networks on many research activities. The ns-2.33 distribution version includes an extension of IEEE 802.11 module which improves the core functions of 802.11 MAC and PHY protocols. Although this extension version provides well-designed MAC and PHY functions, it has some significant shortcomings in handling packet errors. When a packet error rate, one of the most important performance parameters in wireless network simulations, applies to the extension, a simulation program is interrupted with some fatal errors. Besides, as the packet errors are handled on the PHY layer in this version, MAC layer loses its own right of treating the packet errors. In this paper, we modify the extension version to correct the mentioned problems and verify the behavior of our modified version by simulation work. And also, we perform the ns-2 simulation to investigate the impact of error rate on IEEE 802.11p-based vehicular ad-hoc networks.
Characterizing achievable multicast rates in multi-hop wireless networks

In this paper, we consider the multicast throughput optimization problem in multi-hop wireless networks. Given a source, and a set of receivers, we would like to find the set of multicast trees and a schedule such that the rate that the source can multicast to the receivers is maximized. We consider two transmission models: broadcast and unicast. In the broadcast model, a transmission is received by multiple downstream nodes in a multicast tree. In the unicast model, a separate transmission has to be sent to each downstream node. We consider the fundamental constraint that a node can not be involved in multiple communications at the same time. We consider two multicast models: a single multicast tree per session and multiple multicast tree per session. In the single multicast tree case, (1) for the unicast model, we show that the problem is NP-hard and it is not approximable to a factor better than 1.5; we then give a 1.5-approximation algorithm if all links have the same data rate, a 5-approximation algorithm if all nodes have the same transmission power and a 24-approximation algorithm for a realistic heterogeneous ad hoc network where nodes can have different transmission power. (2) for the broadcast model, we show that the problem is NP-hard and it is not approximable to a factor better than 2; we then give a simple 2-approximation algorithm to find the multicast tree and the transmission schedule. In the multiple multicast tree case, (1) for the unicast model, we show that the problem is APX-hard, and give a 1.5Ρ-approximation where Ρ is the best approximation ratio of the minimal cost Steiner tree problem; (2) for the broadcast model, our results indicate that the problem is hard, may not be approximable within a factor better than log(n) where n is the number of multicast receivers. Our evaluation shows that the throughput achieved by our algorithms is much better than both the throughput achieved by using pruned shortest path tree and by using optimal unicast.
Multi-Query Diversification in Microblogging Posts

Effectively exploring data generated by microblogging services is challenging due to its high volume and production rate. To address this issue, we propose a solution that helps users effectively consume information from a microblogging stream, by filtering out redundant data. We formalize our approach as a novel optimization problem termed Multi-Query Diversification Problem (MQDP). In MQDP, the input consists of a list of microblogging posts and a set of user queries (e.g. news topics), where each query matches a subset of posts. The objective is to compute the smallest subset of posts that cover all other posts with respect to a “diversity dimension” that may represent time or, say, sentiment. Roughly, the solution (cover) has the property that each covered post has nearby posts in the cover that are collectively related to all queries relevant to this covered post. This is distinct from previous single-query diversity problems, as we may have two nearby posts that are related to intersecting but not nested sets of queries, in which case none covers the other. Another key difference is that we do not define diversity in terms of post similarity, since posts are too short for this approach to be meaningful; instead, we focus on finding representative posts for ordered diversity dimensions like time and sentiment, which are critical in microblogging. For example, for time as the diversity dimension, the selected posts will show how certain news events unfolded over time. We prove that MQDP is NP-hard and we propose an exact dynamic programming algorithm that is feasible for small problem instances. We also propose two approximate algorithms with provable approximation bounds, and show how they can be adapted for a streaming setting. Through comprehensive experiments on real data, we show that our algorithms efficiently and effectively generate diverse and representative posts.
Automated Japanese grapheme-phoneme alignment

This paper describes an adapatation of the tf-idf model to Japanese graphemephoneme alignment, without reliance on training data. The tf-idf model is optionally complemented with affixation and conjugation handling modules, and determines frequencies through analysis of “alignment potential”. The proposed system achieved a maximum accuracy of 94.74% on evaluation.
Examining the influence of anecdotal stories and the interplay of individual differences on reasoning

ABSTRACT In two experiments, we explored whether anecdotal stories influenced how individuals reasoned when evaluating scientific news articles. We additionally considered the role of education level and thinking dispositions on reasoning. Participants evaluated eight scientific news articles that drew questionable interpretations from the evidence. Overall, anecdotal stories decreased the ability to reason scientifically even when controlling for education level and thinking dispositions. Additionally, we found that article length was related to participants' ratings of the news articles. Our study demonstrates that anecdotes can discourage scientific reasoning while also pointing to the potential influence of article length on judgements of quality.