Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Wuhan Twin Birth Cohort (WTBC)

The Wuhan Pre/Post-Natal Twin Birth Registry (WPTBR) is one of the largest twin birth registries with comprehensive medical information in China. It recruits women from the first trimester of pregnancy and their twins from birth. From January 2006 to May 2016, the total number of twins enrolled in WPTBR is 13,869 twin pairs (27,553 individuals). The WPTBR initiated the Wuhan Twin Birth Cohort (WTBC). The WTBC is a prospective cohort study carried out through incorporation of three samples. The first one comprises 6,920 twin pairs, and the second one, 6,949 twin pairs. Both are population-based samples linked to the WPTBR and include pre- and post-natal information from WPTBR. The second sample includes neonatal blood spots as well. Using a hospital-based approach, we recently developed a third sample with a target enrolment of 1,000 twin pairs and their mothers. These twins are invited, via their parents, to participate in a periodic health examination from the first trimester of pregnancy to 18 years. Biological samples are collected initially from the mother, including blood, urine, cord blood, cord, amniotic fluid, placenta, breast milk and meconium, and vaginal secretions, and later from the twins, including meconium, stool, urine, and blood. This article describes the design, recruitment, follow-up, data collection, and measures, as well as ongoing and planned analyses at the WTBC. The WTBC offers a unique opportunity to follow women from prenatal to postnatal, as well as follow-up of their twins. This cohort study will expand the understanding of genetic and environmental influences on pregnancy and twins’ development in China.
Comparative Study between Two Approaches Using Edit Operations and Code Differences to Detect Past Refactorings

SUMMARY Understanding which refactoring transformations were performed is in demand in modern software constructions. Traditionally, many researchers have been tackling understanding code changes with history data derived from version control systems. In those studies, problems of the traditional approach are pointed out, such as entanglement of multiple changes. To alleviate the problems, operation histories on IDEs’ code editors are available as a new source of software evolution data nowadays. By replaying such histories, we can investigate past code changes in a ﬁne-grained level. However, the prior studies did not provide enough evidence of their e ﬀ ectiveness for detecting refactoring transformations. This paper describes an experiment in which participants detect refactoring transformations performed by other participants after investigating the code changes with an operation-replay tool and di ﬀ tools. The results show that both approaches have their respective factors that pose misunderstanding and overlooking of refactoring transformations. Two negative factors on divided operations and generated compound operations were observed in the operation-based approach, whereas all the negative factors resulted from three problems on tangling, shadowing, and out-of-order of code changes in the di ﬀ erence-based approach. This paper also shows seven concrete examples of participants’ mistakes in both approaches. These ﬁndings give us hints for improving existing tools for understanding code changes and detecting refactoring transformations.
PTTG1 regulated by miR-146a-3p promotes bladder cancer migration, invasion, metastasis and growth

Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) is identified as an oncogene, and overexpresses in many tumors. However, the role of PTTG1 in bladder cancer (BC) hasn't yet been characterized well. In this study, we showed the expression of PTTG1 mRNA and protein were both significantly increased in BC tissues and cells. The PTTG1 protein levels were positive correlated with increased tumor size, tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stage, lymphatic invasion and distant metastasis of BC. PTTG1 knockdown dramatically suppressed the migration, invasion, metastasis and growth, and induced senescence and cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase of BC cells. We further identified PTTG1 was the direct target of miR-146a-3p through using target prediction algorithms and luciferase reporter assay. miR-146a-3p was low expressed and negatively correlated with PTTG1 levels in BC tissues and cells. miR-146a-3p overexpression inhibited migration, invasion, metastasis and growth, and induced senescence of BC cells. Rescue experiment suggested ectopic expression of miR-146a-3p and PTTG1 suppressed migration, invasion and induced cell cycle arrest and senescence of BC cells compared to PTTG1 overexpression, confirming miR-146a-3p inhibited BC progression by targeting PTTG1. In summary, our study found miR-146a-3p/PTTG1 axis regulated BC migration, invasion, metastasis and growth, and might be a targets for BC therapy.
Schistosoma mansoni-Mediated Suppression of Allergic Airway Inflammation Requires Patency and Foxp3+ Treg Cells

The continual rise of asthma in industrialised countries stands in strong contrast to the situation in developing lands. According to the modified Hygiene Hypothesis, helminths play a major role in suppressing bystander immune responses to allergens, and both epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that the tropical parasitic trematode Schistosoma mansoni elicits such effects. The focus of this study was to investigate which developmental stages of schistosome infection confer suppression of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model allergen. Moreover, we assessed the functional role and localization of infection-induced CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in mediating such suppressive effects. Therefore, AAI was elicited using OVA/adjuvant sensitizations with subsequent OVA aerosolic challenge and was induced during various stages of infection, as well as after successful anti-helminthic treatment with praziquantel. The role of Treg was determined by specifically depleting Treg in a genetically modified mouse model (DEREG) during schistosome infection. Alterations in AAI were determined by cell infiltration levels into the bronchial system, OVA-specific IgE and Th2 type responses, airway hyper-sensitivity and lung pathology. Our results demonstrate that schistosome infection leads to a suppression of OVA-induced AAI when mice are challenged during the patent phase of infection: production of eggs by fecund female worms. Moreover, this ameliorating effect does not persist after anti-helminthic treatment, and depletion of Treg reverts suppression, resulting in aggravated AAI responses. This is most likely due to a delayed reconstitution of Treg in infected-depleted animals which have strong ongoing immune responses. In summary, we conclude that schistosome-mediated suppression of AAI requires the presence of viable eggs and infection-driven Treg cells. These data provide evidence that helminth derived products could be incorporated into treatment strategies that specifically target suppression of immune responses in AAI by inducing Treg cells.
Association between Prenatal Lead Exposure and Blood Pressure in Children

Background: Lead exposure in adults is associated with hypertension. Altered prenatal nutrition is associated with subsequent risks of adult hypertension, but little is known about whether prenatal exposure to toxicants, such as lead, may also confer such risks. Objectives: We investigated the relationship of prenatal lead exposure and blood pressure (BP) in 7- to 15-year-old boys and girls. Methods: We evaluated 457 mother–child pairs, originally recruited for an environmental birth cohort study between 1994 and 2003 in Mexico City, at a follow-up visit in 2008–2010. Prenatal lead exposure was assessed by measurement of maternal tibia and patella lead using in vivo K-shell X-ray fluorescence and cord blood lead using atomic absorption spectrometry. BP was measured by mercury sphygmomanometer with appropriate-size cuffs. Results: Adjusting for relevant covariates, maternal tibia lead was significantly associated with increases in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in girls but not in boys (p-interaction with sex = 0.025 and 0.007 for SBP and DBP, respectively). Among girls, an interquartile range increase in tibia lead (13 μg/g) was associated with 2.11-mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69, 3.52] and 1.60-mmHg (95% CI: 0.28, 2.91) increases in SBP and DBP, respectively. Neither patella nor cord lead was associated with child BP. Conclusions: Maternal tibia lead, which reflects cumulative environmental lead exposure and a source of exposure to the fetus, is a predisposing factor to higher BP in girls but not boys. Sex-specific adaptive responses to lead toxicity during early-life development may explain these differences.
Face Recognition from Face Motion Manifolds using Robust Kernel Resistor-Average Distance

In this work we consider face recognition from face motion manifolds. An information-theoretic approach with Resistor-Average Distance (RAD) as a dissimilarity measure between distributions of face images is proposed. We introduce a kernel-based algorithm that retains the simplicity of the closed-form expression for the RAD between two normal distributions, while allowing for modelling of complex, nonlinear manifolds. Additionally, it is shown how errors in the face registration process can be modelled to significantly improve recognition. Recognition performance of our method is experimentally demonstrated and shown to outperform state-of-the-art algorithms. Recognition rates of 97-100% are consistently achieved on databases of 35-90 people.
Hybrid CS-DMRI: Periodic Time-Variant Subsampling and Omnidirectional Total Variation Based Reconstruction

Compressive sensing (CS) has been used to accelerate dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (DMRI). Currently, the online CS-DMRI is faster, whereas the offline CS-DMRI provides higher accuracy for image reconstruction. To achieve good image reconstruction performance in terms of both speed and accuracy, we propose a hybrid CS-DMRI method using periodic time-variant subsampling for different frames. In each period, there is one reference frame that is sampled at a higher subsampling ratio. The two nearby reference frames with good reconstruction quality can be used to provide rough predictions of the other frames between them. To finely recover the current frame, one structural regularization in the optimization model for reconstruction is a 2-D omnidirectional total variation (OTV) for exploiting the sparsity of the difference between the predicted and estimated frames, and the other is a 3-D OTV as a regularization term for exploiting the bilateral spatio-temporal coherence between the forward reference frame, current frame, and backward reference frame. Compared with classical total variation, the proposed OTV fully utilizes the correlations of all the possible directions of the data. The formulated optimization model can be solved using iterative reweighted least squares with the pre-conditioned conjugate gradient method. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed method has better reconstruction accuracy than all the existing methods and low computational complexity that is comparable to the existing online methods.
A novel and highly efficient esterification process using triphenylphosphine oxide with oxalyl chloride

Triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) and oxalyl chloride ((COCl)2) are used as novel and high-efficiency coupling reagents for the esterification of alcohols with carboxylic acids via the TPPO/(COCl)2 system at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction represents the first TPPO-promoted esterification under mild and neutral conditions with excellent yields. Furthermore, we proposed a plausible mechanism with the help of 31P NMR spectroscopy.
Empowering Smarter Fitting Rooms with RFID Data Analytics

Smart Fitting Rooms offer great potential to enhance customer shopping experience in retail fashion stores. To this end, they leverage auto-id technology to detect product selections of customers and offer additional services based on these selections on screens within the Smart Fitting Room cabins (e.g., product recommendations or Omnichannel services). While current implementations mainly rely on hardware-based approaches to reliably detect customer’s product selection, we investigate the applicability of software-based approaches to distinguish between products in individual cabins. In addition, we show that software-based approaches can be used to sort products in fitting rooms by relevance to the customer which is a valuable information for providing additional services.
Transcriptomic Footprints Disclose Specificity of Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling in Arabidopsis1[W]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key players in the regulation of plant development, stress responses, and programmed cell death. Previous studies indicated that depending on the type of ROS (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, or singlet oxygen) or its subcellular production site (plastidic, cytosolic, peroxisomal, or apoplastic), a different physiological, biochemical, and molecular response is provoked. We used transcriptome data generated from ROS-related microarray experiments to assess the specificity of ROS-driven transcript expression. Data sets obtained by exogenous application of oxidative stress-causing agents (methyl viologen, Alternaria alternata toxin, 3-aminotriazole, and ozone) and from a mutant (fluorescent) and transgenic plants, in which the activity of an individual antioxidant enzyme was perturbed (catalase, cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase, and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase), were compared. In total, the abundance of nearly 26,000 transcripts of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was monitored in response to different ROS. Overall, 8,056, 5,312, and 3,925 transcripts showed at least a 3-, 4-, or 5-fold change in expression, respectively. In addition to marker transcripts that were specifically regulated by hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, or singlet oxygen, several transcripts were identified as general oxidative stress response markers because their steady-state levels were at least 5-fold elevated in most experiments. We also assessed the expression characteristics of all annotated transcription factors and inferred new candidate regulatory transcripts that could be responsible for orchestrating the specific transcriptomic signatures triggered by different ROS. Our analysis provides a framework that will assist future efforts to address the impact of ROS signals within environmental stress conditions and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the oxidative stress response in plants.
TAK1 Regulates the Nrf2 Antioxidant System Through Modulating p62/SQSTM1.

AIMS Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the master transcriptional regulator of antioxidant gene expression. On increased oxidative stress, an adaptor for Nrf2 degradation, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), is directly modulated by oxidants in the cytoplasm, which results in stabilization and activation of Nrf2. Nrf2 is also constitutively active, to some extent, in the absence of exogenous oxidative stress. We have previously demonstrated that intestinal epithelium-specific TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) deletion downregulates the level of Nrf2 protein, resulting in an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a mouse model. We aim at determining the mechanism by which TAK1 modulates the level of Nrf2. RESULTS We found that TAK1 upregulated serine 351 phosphorylation of an autophagic adaptor protein, p62/Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1), which facilitates interaction between p62/SQSTM1 and Keap1 and subsequent Keap1 degradation. This, ultimately, causes increased Nrf2. Tak1 deficiency reduced the phosphorylation of p62/SQSTM1, resulting in decreased steady-state levels of Nrf2 along with increased Keap1. We also found that this regulation is independent of the canonical redox-mediated Nrf2 activation mechanism. In Tak1-deficient intestinal epithelium, a synthetic phenolic electrophile, butylated hydroxyanisole still effectively upregulated Nrf2 and reduced ROS. INNOVATION Our results identify for the first time that TAK1 is a modulator of p62/SQSTM1-dependent Keap1 degradation and maintains the steady state-level of Nrf2. CONCLUSION TAK1 regulates Nrf2 through modulation of Keap-p62/SQSTM1 interaction. This regulation is important for homeostatic antioxidant protection in the intestinal epithelium. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 953-964.
Preliminary Checklist for Reporting Observational Studies in Sports Areas: Content Validity

Observational studies are based on systematic observation, understood as an organized recording and quantification of behavior in its natural context. Applied to the specific area of sports, observational studies present advantages when comparing studies based on other designs, such as the flexibility for adapting to different contexts and the possibility of using non-standardized instruments as well as a high degree of development in specific software and data analysis. Although the importance and usefulness of sports-related observational studies have been widely shown, there is no checklist to report these studies. Consequently, authors do not have a guide to follow in order to include all of the important elements in an observational study in sports areas, and reviewers do not have a reference tool for assessing this type of work. To resolve these issues, this article aims to develop a checklist to measure the quality of sports-related observational studies based on a content validity study. The participants were 22 judges with at least 3 years of experience in observational studies, sports areas, and methodology. They evaluated a list of 60 items systematically selected and classified into 12 dimensions. They were asked to score four aspects of each item on 5-point Likert scales to measure the following dimensions: representativeness, relevance, utility, and feasibility. The judges also had an open-format section for comments. The Osterlind index was calculated for each item and for each of the four aspects. Items were considered appropriate when obtaining a score of at least 0.5 in the four assessed aspects. After considering these inclusion criteria and all of the open-format comments, the resultant checklist consisted of 54 items grouped into the same initial 12 dimensions. Finally, we highlight the strengths of this work. We also present its main limitation: the need to apply the resultant checklist to obtain data and, thus, increase quality indicators of its psychometric properties. For this reason, as relevant actions for further development, we encourage expert readers to use it and provide feedback; we plan to apply it to different sport areas.
The extent of root resorption and tooth movement following the application of ascending and descending magnetic forces: a prospective split mouth, microcomputed-tomography study

Objective Various factors have been examined in the literature in an attempt to reduce the incidence and severity of root resorption. The purpose of the present investigation is to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in relation to force level using gradually increasing (ascending) and decreasing (descending) orthodontic force generated by magnets on the severity of Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Iatrogenic Root Resorption (OIIRR) and amount of tooth movement. Methods Twenty maxillary first premolars from 10 patients were subjected to ascending (25-225 g, magnets in attraction) and descending (225 to 25 g, magnets in repulsion) buccal forces using a split mouth design over an 8-week period. Polyvinyl siloxane impressions were taken at week 0, 4, and 8 to record the tooth movement. After 8 weeks, the teeth were extracted, scanned, with micro-CT in 16.9 µm resolution, and the root resorption craters were localized circumferentially and quantified at each level of the root. Results The total volume of OIIRR with ascending force was 1.20 mm3, and with descending force was 1.25 mm3, and there was no statistically significant difference between them. OIIRR on the palatal surface (0.012 mm3) was significantly less than on the buccal surface (0.057 mm3) and than on the mesial surface (0.035 mm3). There is no statistically significant difference in the degree of OIIRR between different level of the root (cervical, middle, and apical) at different surfaces. Moreover, the amount of tooth movement, at 0-, 4-, and 8-week interval, secondary to an ascending and descending force application was not statistically significant. Conclusions There is no short-term (8 weeks) statistically significant difference between orthodontic ascending and descending forces, from 25 to 225 g and from 225 to 25 g, respectively, in term of severity and location of OIIRR as well as the amount of tooth movement. The buccal surface of the root showed highest degree of OIIRR compared to other root's surfaces.
Cerebral cortical neuronal mechanisms of reaching movements

The planning and control of reaching movements requires the processing of many different types of information, including target location in three dimensions, the starting posture and orientation of the body relative to the target, external forces or loads to be surmounted, the spatial trajectory of movement, skeletomuscular mechanical and contractile properties, and reafferent signals generated by the movement. The neuronal discharge patterns of cells in several cortical regions during reaching movements have been compared in an attempt to define the parameters of movement encoded by their activity and thus their position within the hypothesized planning hierarchy. Observations from two specific areas, the primary motor cortex and the superior parietal cortex, are summarized. A task in which monkeys were trained to make reaching movements in different directions to displace a handle between targets on a target panel was used. The purpose was to identify the reference frame in which movement was encoded in each area, by controlling parameters of movement kinematics and dynamics. However, the specific parameters signaled by the cells were not identified
Patient and Provider Perspectives on Communication About Body Image With Adolescents and Young Adults With Cystic Fibrosis

Objective This mixed-methods study examined perspectives of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cystic fibrosis (CF) and health care providers on body image communication. Methods Interviews and questionnaires were completed by 20 AYAs and 28 providers. Results Although 85% of patients reported they had never had a body image conversation with a health care provider, 74% of providers reported discussing this topic with patients. Patients and providers described body image as an important issue, which should be discussed comfortably and supportively. However, patients often preferred to discuss body image as a distinct topic, separate from physical health, whereas providers preferred integrating body image conversations within weight- and health-based discussions. Conclusions Body image is an important topic for AYAs with CF that often goes unaddressed or addressed in ways that are less preferred by patients. Providers should reduce barriers to effective communication about this important topic, particularly through increased awareness of AYA preferences.