Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sketching 3D Animation

Yoo, Innfarn M.S., Purdue University, May 2012. Sketching 3D Animation . Major Professor: Bedřich Benes. This thesis presents a method for creating natural 3D animation based on sketches. Our method provides novice and professional sketchers an easy, fast, and intuitive way to create three dimensional animations by drawing sketches, enhanced by strokes, and joint trajectory or rotation curves. It also allows searching massive databases of 3D animation as an application for motion capture system and major animation software. We extract 2D skeletons from strokes and find similar motion sequences by comparing all the important pre-generated key poses in database. To give the system more hints, users can draw joint trajectory and rotations curves that are similar to traditional motion sketches. The curves will be compared with the motion sequences that are found. The system supports graphical interfaces that are able to select the motion sequence candidates, to allow for changes in the range of the motion sequence, and to merge the final animation. The proposed system gives a solution for creating natural 3D motions from simple 2D sketches.
A study on performance comparison of priority-based queueing scheme with two queueing buffer allocations in an UMTS core network gateway

As UMTS systems have evolved into an all-IP stage, packet switching becomes a prerequisite for all UMTS applications within an UMTS core network, where the traffic of UMTS applications consist of four classes: conversational, streaming, interactive, and background, each of which has its QoS features and packets transmission priority. In this paper, a priority-based queueing scheme with two queueing buffer allocations, the DQB allocation and the OQD allocation, within an UMTS core network gateway is proposed to support differentiated services for packet forwarding among UMTS applications. In the proposed queuing scheme, two major modules, a priority-based enqueueing module and a weighted round robin dequeueing module, are used to handle enqueueing and dequeueing processes of UMTS packets. Many scenarios are simulated using the platform built on ns2. According to on the simulation results, each class UMTS application bases on its packet transmission priority to receive its corresponding packet forwarding performance; a differentiated service in packet forwarding among UMTS applications can be supported by the proposed queueing scheme with the two queueing buffer allocations within an UMTS core network gateway. For the DQB allocation, a packet forwarding starvation might be received by one UMTS application with the lowest packet transmission priority in a continuous traffic pattern; for the OQD allocation, there exists disorder packet transmissions among UMTS application.
The interface between neighborhood density and optional infinitives: normal development and Specific Language Impairment*

ABSTRACT The effect of neighborhood density on optional infinitives was evaluated for typically developing (TD) children and children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI). Forty children, twenty in each group, completed two production tasks that assessed third person singular production. Half of the sentences in each task presented a dense verb, and half presented a sparse verb. Children's third person singular accuracy was compared across dense and sparse verbs. Results showed that the TD group was significantly less likely to use optional infinitives with dense, rather than sparse verbs. In contrast, the distribution of optional infinitives for the SLI group was independent of verb neighborhood density. Follow-up analyses showed that the lack of neighborhood density effect for the SLI group could not be attributed to heterogeneous neighborhood density effects or floor effects. Results were interpreted within the Optional Infinitive/Extended Optional Infinitive accounts for typical language development and SLI for English-speaking children.
Lloyd-Max's Algorithm Implementation in Speech Coding Algorithm Based on Forward Adaptive Technique

In this paper a detail analysis of speech coding algorithm based on forward adaptive technique is carried out. We consider an algorithm that works on frame-by-frame basis, where a frame consists of a certain number of speech samples. Buffering frame-by-frame an estimation of the gain defined as squared root of the frame variance is enabled. The information about the gain (side information) and the code book of a nonadaptive quantizer, which is designed for the unit variance case of the input signal, are further used when designing an adaptive quantizer. In such a way better quantizer adaptation to the varying input statistics is provided. Observe that the goal of this paper is to investigate the preference that for the wide range of variance change could be achieved when implementing in the forward adaptive speech coding algorithm, the recently developed effective method for the Lloyd-Max's algorithm initialization, which provides optimal Lloyd-Max's quantizer performances for the unit variance case of the input signal. We destine to consider the speech coding algorithm based on forward adaptive technique since the backward adaptation provides SQNR (signal to quantization noise ratio) within 1 dB of the forward adaptation. We provide theoretical and experimental results (performances of our algorithm) which are compared with the optimal results. Additionally, we discuss the performances of speech coding schemes designed according to G. 711 standard and we point out the benefits that can be achieved by using our algorithm. Finally, in order to find better solution for implementation of the proposed algorithm in practice we consider the performances of our algorithm when log-uniform as well as uniform scalar quantizer are used for gain quantizing.
Conjugate gradients on multiple GPUs

A GPU‐accelerated Conjugate Gradient solver is tested on eight different matrices with different structural and numerical characteristics. The first four matrices are obtained by discretizing the 3D Poisson's equation, which arises in many fields such as computational fluid dynamics, heat transfer and so on. Their relatively low bandwidth and low condition numbers makes them ideal targets for GPU acceleration. We chose another four matrices from the other end of the spectrum, both ill‐conditioned and with very large bandwidth. This paper concentrates on the computational aspects related to running the solver on multiple GPUs. We develop a fast distributed sparse‐matrix vector multiplication routine using optimized data formats that allows the overlapping of communication with computation and, at the same time, the sharing of some of the work with the CPU. By a thorough analysis of the time spent in communication and computation, we show that the proposed overlapped implementation outperforms the non‐overlapped one by a large margin and provides almost perfect strong scalability for large Poisson‐type matrices. We then benchmark the performance of the entire solver, using both double precision and single precision combined with iterative refinement and report up to 22× acceleration when using three GPUs as compared with one of the most powerful Intel Nehalem CPUs available today. Finally, we show that using GPUs as accelerators not only brings an order of magnitude speedup but also up to 5x increase in power efficiency and over 10x increase in cost effectiveness. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Spectrum Sensing In Cognitive Radio Using Energy Detection Method using Time Domain

Cognitive Radio has been receiving increasing atte ntion in academic field, industry and government. Today's wireless networks are characterized by a fixed spectrum assignment policy. However, a large portion of the assigned spectrum is used spor adically and with geographical variations in the ut ilization of assigned spectrum ranges from 15% to 85% with a high variance at times time. The limited available spe ctrum and the inefficiency in the spectrum usage necessit ate a new communication paradigm to exploit the exi sting wireless spectrum opportunistically. This new netwo rking paradigm is referred to as NeXt Generation (x G) Networks as well as Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) and cognitive radio networks. While sensing the spectrum following points should be considered. (i) Spectrum sensing bandwidth: There are a number of issues associated with the spectrum sensing bandwidth. The first is effectively the number of channels on whi ch the system will sense whether they are occupied. (ii) Transmission type sensing: The system must be capable of identifying the transmission of the primary user fo r the channel. It must also identify transmissions of other units in the same system as itself (iii) Spectrum sensing accuracy : The cognitive radio spectrum sensing mechanism must be able to detect any other signal levels accu rately so that the number of false alarms is minimi zed. (iv) Spectrum sensing timing windows : It is necessary that the cognitive radio spectrum sensing methodology allows time slots when it does not transmit to enable the system to detect other signals. Different spectrum sensing techniques are available. Through this paper we wou ld like to share the analysis and results obtained for time and frequency domain using new threshold formula in energy detection method.
Evolution of Avian Plumage Color in a Tetrahedral Color Space: A Phylogenetic Analysis of New World Buntings

We use a tetrahedral color space to describe and analyze male plumage color variation and evolution in a clade of New World buntings—Cyanocompsa and Passerina (Aves: Cardinalidae). The Goldsmith color space models the relative stimulation of the four retinal cones, using the integrals of the product of plumage reflectance spectra and cone sensitivity functions. A color is represented as a vector defined by the relative stimulation of the four cone types—ultraviolet, blue, green, and red. Color vectors are plotted in a tetrahedral, or quaternary, plot with the achromatic point at the origin and the ultraviolet/violet channel along the Z‐axis. Each color vector is specified by the spherical coordinates θ, φ, and r. Hue is given by the angles θ and φ. Chroma is given by the magnitude of r, the distance from the achromatic origin. Color vectors of all distinct patches in a plumage characterize the plumage color phenotype. We describe the variation in color space occupancy of male bunting plumages, using various measures of color contrast, hue contrast and diversity, and chroma. Comparative phylogenetic analyses using linear parsimony (in MacClade) and generalized least squares (GLS) models (in CONTINUOUS) with a molecular phylogeny of the group document that plumage color evolution in the clade has been very dynamic. The single best‐fit GLS evolutionary model of plumage color variation over the entire clade is a directional change model with no phylogenetic correlation among species. However, phylogenetic innovations in feather color production mechanisms—derived pheomelanin and carotenoid expression in two lineages—created new opportunities to colonize novel areas of color space and fostered the explosive differentiation in plumage color. Comparison of the tetrahedral color space of Goldsmith with that of Endler and Mielke demonstrates that both provide essentially identical results. Evolution of avian ultraviolet/violet opsin sensitivity in relation to chromatic experience is discussed.
Comparison of high power non-isolated multilevel DC-DC converters for medium-voltage battery storage applications

In this paper 4-level neutral-point-clamped (4L-NPC), 4-level flying-capacitor (4L-FC) and 4-level neutral-point-clamped Ćuk (4L-NPC-Cuk) converter topologies for multilevel DC-DC buck-boost converter for medium-voltage battery storage applications are compared with respect to efficiency and power density. The comprehensive comparison is performed with multi domain models and optimization procedures. For the converters, pareto-fronts are calculated for different operating frequencies in order to find the optimal design with respect to the specified minimum efficiency.
JIT sequencing for mixed-model assembly lines with setups using Tabu Search

This research presents a heuristic for sequencing mixed-model production schedules for assembly lines when JIT production is an objective, and setup requirements are present. The heuristic examines a sequence and determines an objective function value based upon the parts usage rate ( Miltenburg 1989) and the number of setups involved. This sequence is then altered in the hope of ® nding a better sequence in terms of the objective function via Tabu Search. This technique is applied to several problems, and the resulting sequences are simulated to determine production performance measures of production makespan, system time and average WIP inventory level. The experiment shows that the multiple objectives of minimizing both parts usage rate and required setups can be addressed provided management has an understanding of the relative importance of usage rate and setups for their speci® c application.
ADMM decoding of error correction codes: From geometries to algorithms

Many code constraints can be represented using factor graphs. By relaxing these factorable coding constraints to linear constraints, it is straightforward to form a decoding optimization problem. Furthermore, by pairing these factor graphs with the alternating directions method of multipliers (ADMM) technique of large-scale optimization, one can develop distributed algorithms to solve the decoding optimization problems. However, the non-trivial part has always been developing an efficient algorithm for the subroutines of ADMM, which directly relates to the geometries of the relaxed coding constraints. In this paper, we focus on summarizing existing results and distilling insights to these problems. First, we review the ADMM formulation and geometries involved in the subroutines. Next, we present a linear time algorithm for projecting onto an ℓ1 ball with box constraints.
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP INTENTION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

The concept of Social Entrepreneurship is interesting because this research is focused on achieving profit but also creates benefits for the community, especially in the last decade. This study is to find out what is the impact of social entrepreneurial intention as a step to conduct a literature review to understand the new developments and discoveries that have emerged in previous research. The systematic literature review is used in this research methodology so that the systematically review can be explained. Based on the findings of the literature review study, it is expected that there are methods or frameworks that can be used for researchers as well as practitioners to understand the formation of social entrepreneurial intentions so that they can inspire further research.
Trapco: Website Design by Transforming Paper-based Prototypes to Computer-based Prototypes

We introduce Trapco, a website prototyping system developed to demonstrate a transformation-based prototyping method. Trapco enables designers to transform a paper-based prototype of website into a computer-based prototype. It supports typical design activities of creating design ideas in a paper-based format, comparing them, and transforming them into a computer-based format to test their interactivity. The transformation-based design method allows designers to discuss usability issues of paper prototypes in initial design concepts. In this paper, we discuss the basic concept of Trapco and the evaluation result of the Trapco system, which is implemented to demonstrate the basic concept.
Intra-Individual Variability of Surface Electromyography in Front Crawl Swimming

The variability of electromyographic (EMG) recordings between and within participants is a complex problem, rarely studied in swimming. The importance of signal normalization has long been recognized, but the method used might influence variability. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess the intra-individual variability of the EMG signal in highly skilled front crawl swimmers, (ii) determine the influence of two methods of both amplitude and time normalization of the EMG signal on intra-individual variability and of time normalization on muscle activity level and (iii) describe the muscle activity, normalized using MVIC, in relation to upper limb crawl stroke movements. Muscle activity of rectus abdominis and deltoideus medialis was recorded using wireless surface EMG in 15 adult male competitive swimmers during three trials of 12.5 m front crawl at maximal speed without breathing. Two full upper limb cycles were analyzed from each of the swimming trials, resulting in six full cycles used for the intra-individual variability assessment, quantified with the coefficient of variation (CV), coefficient of quartile variation (CQV) and the variance ratio (VR). The results of this study support previous findings on EMG patterns of deltoideus medialis and rectus abdominis as prime mover during the recovery (45% activity relative to MVIC), and stabilizer of the trunk during the pull (14.5% activity) respectively. The intra-individual variability was lower (VR of 0.34–0.47) when compared to other cyclic movements. No meaningful differences were found between variability measures CV or VR when applying either of the amplitude or the time normalization methods. In addition to reporting the mean amplitude and standard deviation, future EMG studies in swimming should also report the intra-individual variability, preferably using VR as it is independent of peak amplitude, provides a good measure of repeatability and is insensitive to mean EMG amplitude and the degree of smoothing applied.
1 A PERCEPTION-BASED APPROACH TOWARD ROBOT CONTROL BY NATURAL LANGUAGE

Mobile robot navigation is an active area of research with many potential military and civilian applications. Yet, there are many unsolved problems which probably either need a breakthrough in the current theories or a completely new approach for the solution. Extraordinary abilities of humans in doing these tasks without any measurement have inspired many researchers. One of these abilities is the ability of processing words instead of numbers. The purpose of this paper is to survey different applications of natural language for robot control and to propose a perception-based model. INTRODUCTION The problem of autonomous navigation in unknown environments is very difficult, and calls for sophisticated sensing strategies and control architectures (Oriolo, Ulivi, & Vendittelli, 1996). Most of methods have been basically realized by combining algorithms acquired by human. How can we realize the capability of acquiring algorithms automatically like the human brain? This problem is very difficult to solve (Kubota, Morioka, Kojima, & Fukuda, 2001). Artificial intelligence, psychology, biology, neuroscience, linguistics, and many other fields try to get insights into what is called human intelligence. This includes being able to model the world, plan and predict events, learn, make decisions, as well as many other abilities. In many real world applications it is not possible to have previous data about the course and predict the dynamic environment. One example is driving a car in a city. That is a place that human perception shows its extra ordinary capability. The classical AI methodology has two important assumptions: the ability to represent hierarchical structure by abstraction, and the use of “strong” knowledge that utilizes explicit representational assertions about the world (Boden, 1995). The assumption was that knowledge and knowledge representation are central to intelligence, and that robotics was no exception.
Specification-level interoperability

Whereas most previous approaches to interoperability have provided support at the representation level, the authors are pursuing an approach that provides support at the specification level. They have developed a model of such support that consists of four components: (1) a unified type model, which is a notation for describing the entities to be shared by interoperating programs; (2) language bindings, which connect the type models of the languages to the unified type model; (3) underlying implementations, which realize the types used by the different interoperating programs; and (4) automated assistance, which eases the task of combining components into an interoperable whole. The authors discuss the representation-level and specification-level approaches to interoperability, describe their current prototype realization of the specification-level approach and their experience with its use, and outline their plans for extending both the approach and its realization. Experiences with the initial prototype are found to be extremely encouraging. >
Meal Fatty Acid Uptake in Visceral Fat in Women

OBJECTIVE—Differential meal fat uptake into adipose tissue depots may be a determinant of body fat distribution. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We used the meal fat tracer/adipose tissue biopsy approach to compare the effects of meal fat content on the fat uptake into visceral and upper and lower body subcutaneous fat depots in 21 premenopausal women. [3H]triolein was used to trace the fate of fatty acids from a normal-fat or high-fat meal. RESULTS—The proportion of dietary fat uptake into the three depots did not differ between meals; visceral fat accounted for only ∼5% of meal fat disposal irrespective of visceral fat mass. For the women consuming the normal-fat meal, the uptake of meal fatty acid into femoral fat (milligrams meal fat per gram lipid) increased as a function of leg fat mass (r = 0.68, P < 0.05), which we interpret as increased efficiency of uptake. The opposite pattern was seen in omental fat with the normal-fat meal and in all depots after the high-fat meal. For both meals, ∼40% of meal fat was oxidized (3H2O production) after 24 h. CONCLUSIONS—We conclude that greater thigh adipose tissue in women is associated with greater efficiency of meal fat storage under conditions of energy balance, whereas the opposite is seen with visceral fat. These findings imply that different mechanisms may regulate fatty acid uptake in different depots, which may in turn impact on body fat distribution.
A D-Band Power Amplifier with 30-GHz Bandwidth and 4.5-dBm Psat for High-Speed Communication System

This paper presents a D-band power amplifler for high- speed communication system. The capacitive efiect of interconnection via on transistor performance at high frequency is analyzed and a new via structure is employed to reduce the capacitive efiect. The on-chip matching technique for high frequency amplifler is analyzed and the thin-fllm microstrip line matching network is used, which is combined with biasing network to reduce RF signal loss and silicon cost. The amplifler is fabricated in 0.13-"m SiGe BiCMOS process. The experimental results show a 7dB gain at 130GHz with 3-dB bandwidth of 30-GHz. The input return loss is better than 10dB over 23GHz. In addition, this amplifler achieves saturated output
The Burden of Social Proof: Shared Thresholds and Social Influence

Social influence rises with the number of influence sources, but the proposed relationship varies across theories, situations, and research paradigms. To clarify this relationship, I argue that people share some sense of where the "burden of social proof" lies in situations where opinions or choices are in conflict. This suggests a family of models sharing 2 key parameters, one corresponding to the location of the influence threshold, and the other reflecting its clarity--a factor that explains why discrete "tipping points" are not observed more frequently. The plausibility and implications of this account are examined using Monte Carlo and cellular automata simulations and the relative fit of competing models across classic data sets in the conformity, group deliberation, and social diffusion literatures.