Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leveraging context in user-centric entity detection systems

A user-centric entity detection system is one in which the primary consumer of the detected entities is a person who can perform actions on the detected entities (e.g. perform a search, view a map, shop, etc.). We contrast this with machine-centric detection systems where the primary consumer of the detected entities is a machine. Machine-centric detection systems typically focus on the quantity of detected entities, measured by precision and recall metrics, with the goal of correctly identifying every single entity in a document. However, the simple precision/recall scores of machine-centric entity detection systems fail to accurately reflect the quality of detected entities in user-centric systems, where users may not necessarily want to "see" every possible entity. We posit that not all of the detected entities in a given piece of text are necessarily relevant to the main topic of the text, nor are they necessarily interesting enough to the user to warrant further action. In fact, presenting all of the detected entities to a user may annoy the user to the point where he decides to turn this capability off completely, an undesirable outcome. Therefore, we propose to measure the quality and utility of user-centric entity detection systems in three core dimensions: the accuracy, the interestingness, and the relevance of the entities it presents to the user. We show that leveraging surrounding context can greatly improve the performance of such systems in all three dimensions by employing novel algorithms for generating a concept vector and for finding concept extensions using search query logs. We extensively evaluate the proposed algorithms within Contextual Shortcuts - a large-scale user-centric entity detection platform - using 1,586 entities detected over 1,519 documents. The results confirm the importance of using context within user-centric entity detection systems, and validate the usefulness of the proposed algorithms by showing how they improve the overall entity detection quality within Contextual Shortcuts.
Trading Motives in Asset Markets

I study how trading motives in asset markets affect equilibrium outcomes and welfare. I focus on two types of trading motives -- informational and allocational. I show that while a fully separating equilibrium is the unique equilibrium when trading motives are known, multiple equilibria exist when trading motives are unknown. Moreover, forcing traders to reveal their trading motives may harm welfare. I also use this model to study how an asset market may exit a fire sale equilibrium and how government programs may eliminate private information and improve agents' welfare.
A Generalized Commitment Machine for 2CL Protocols and its Prolog Implementation

In practical contexts where protocols model business interactions (e.g. trading, banking), designers need tools allowing them to analyse the impact on the possible interactions of regulations, preferences, conventions and the like. This work faces the issue of how to equip commitment protocols with formal and practical instruments aimed at supporting such an analysis by identifying the possible risks of violation and, thus, enabling the definition of operational strategies aimed at reducing risks of violation. Specifically, we present an operational semantics for the commitment protocol language 2CL as well as a tool for visualizing as a graph the possible interactions, labelling the states of the interaction so as to highlight legal situations and violations.
Lurasidone drug-drug interaction studies: a comprehensive review

Abstract Background: To evaluate potential drug-drug interactions with the atypical antipsychotic lurasidone. Methods: Seven phase I studies were conducted to investigate the effects of repeated dosing of ketoconazole, diltiazem, rifampin, or lithium on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of single oral doses of lurasidone, or the effects of repeated dosing of lurasidone on the PK of digoxin, midazolam, or the oral contraceptive norgestimate/ethinyl estradiol. Two 6-week, phase III studies included evaluation of the potential for interaction between lurasidone and lithium or valproate. Maximum serum or plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were calculated. Results: Concomitant ketoconazole administration resulted in a 6.8-fold increase in lurasidone Cmax and a 9.3-fold increase in lurasidone AUC; concomitant diltiazem administration resulted in 2.1- and 2.2-fold increases, respectively. Rifampin decreased lurasidone Cmax and AUC (one-seventh and one-fifth of lurasidone alone, respectively). Steady-state dosing with lurasidone increased Cmax and AUC0–24 (AUC from time 0 to 24 h postdose) of digoxin by 9% and 13%, respectively, and of midazolam by 21% and 44%, respectively. There were no significant interactions between lurasidone and lithium, valproate, ethinyl estradiol, or norelgestromin (the major active metabolite of norgestimate). Conclusions: Lurasidone PK is altered by strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitors or inducers, and coadministration is contraindicated; whereas moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors have less effect, and lurasidone dosage restrictions are recommended. No dose adjustment for lurasidone is needed when administered with lithium or valproate. Dose adjustment is not required for lithium, valproate, digoxin (a P-glycoprotein substrate), or midazolam or oral contraceptives (CYP3A4 substrates) when coadministered with lurasidone.
Incorporating Social Networking Information in Recommender Systems: The Development of a Classification Framework

The Internet provides large varieties of content, which renders consumption difficult for users. However, recommender systems filter and personalize content according to individual preferences and deliver solutions that take the problem of information overload into account. Previous studies show different approaches to classify existing recommender technologies. Nevertheless, these do not yet integrate social networking information. This study offers a systematic and up-to-date overview of three generations of recommender system technologies, including the latest development of social recommender systems. Also, the study delivers a typology and classification framework with the components of all types of recommender systems and their interactions. Separated between input, process (performed by technology and parameters) and output, we provide an overview to understand and visualize the recommendation process. Our results provide comprehensive insights in current recommender system technologies and are helpful for the design of business models and digitalization strategies.
Does LLLT stimulate laryngeal carcinoma cells? An in vitro study.

Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used successfully in biomedicine and some of the results are thought to be related to cell proliferation. The effects of LLLT on cell proliferation is debatable because studies have found both an increase and a decrease in proliferation of cell cultures. Cell culture is an excellent method to assess both effects and dose of treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 635nm and 670 nm laser irradiation of H.Ep. 2 cells in vitro using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). The cells were obtained from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx and were routinely processed from defrost to the experimental condition. Twenty-four hours after transplantation the cells were irradiated with doses ranging from 0.04 to 0.48J/cm2 for seven consecutive days (5 mW diode lasers: 635nm or 670 nm, beam cross-section approximately 1 mm) at local light doses between 0.04 and 0.48 J/cm2. The results showed that 635nm laser light did not significantly stimulate the proliferation of H.Ep. 2 cells at doses of 0.04 J/cm2 to 0.48 J/cm2, However, 670nm laser irradiation led to an increased cell proliferation when compared to both control and 635nm irradiated cells. The best cell proliferation was found with 670nm laser irradiated cultures exposed to doses of doses of 0.04 to 0.48 J/cm2. We conclude that both dose and wavelength are factors that may affect cell proliferation of H.Ep. 2 cells.
Determinants of collective marketing and marketable surplus for smallholder sorghum producers in Oyam district, Uganda

In 2000, Uganda instituted a tax rebate of 10 to 15% to industries willing to use locally sourced raw materials. This attracted Nile Breweries Ltd (NBL) to start using locally produced sorghum for beer production in 2002 and intervened in the sorghum value chain through mobilization of farmers into producer groups, established bulking centers and appointed buying agents. Despite these interventions, some farmers still sell their sorghum individually to open markets, hence limiting the volumes of sorghum sold through collection centers and eventually to the breweries. This study explored the marketing arrangements of sorghum farmers in Oyam district and their influence on marketable surplus. Using a cross sectional household survey, data were obtained from a random sample of 150 farmers in four major sorghum growing sub counties of Loro, Iceme, Acaba and Aber. T-tests and chi-square tests were used to determine the relationship between socio-economic and farm specific factors and marketing arrangements, and a two-step Heckman procedure was used to ascertain the determinants of collective marketing and the influence of collective marketing on marketable surplus. Chi-square results showed that gender of the household head, marital status, and road type significantly correlated with marketing arrangements while T-test results showed that distances to inputs and buyers significantly influenced marketing arrangements. From the two-step Heckman procedure, the Probit model showed that buyer distance and sales income significantly influenced the probability of collective marketing while the OLS model in the second step showed that marketable surplus significantly increased with input access, and selling price. Sorghum farmers in Oyam district can potentially increase their sorghum marketable surpluses and reduce rural poverty if they fully participate in collective marketing, access inputs and negotiate for better sorghum price with the breweries. Therefore, agri-businesses and policy makers should promote and enhance collective marketing to improve sorghum marketing in Uganda. Keys words: Sorghum farmers, socio-economic characteristics, collective marketing and marketable surplus.
Pynini: A Python library for weighted finite-state grammar compilation

We present Pynini, an open-source library for the compilation of weighted finitestate transducers (WFSTs) and pushdown transducers (PDTs) from strings, contextdependent rewrite rules, and recursive transition networks. Pynini uses the OpenFst library for encoding, modifying, and applying WFSTs and PDTs. We describe the design of this library and the algorithms and interfaces used for compilation, optimization, and application, and provide two illustrations of the library in use.
Title The Price of Updating the Control Plane in Information-Centric Networks

We are studying some fundamental properties of the interface between control and data planes in Information-Centric Networks.We try to evaluate the traffic between these two pla nes based on allowing a minimum level of acceptable distortion i n the network state representation in the control plane. We applyour framework to content distribution, and see how we can comput e the overhead of maintaining the location of content in the co ntrol plane. This is of importance to evaluate content-oriented n etwork architectures: we identify scenarios where the cost of upda ting the control plane for content routing overwhelms the benefitof fetching a nearby copy. We also show how to minimize the cost of this overhead when associating costs to peering traffic an d to internal traffic for operator-driven CDNs.
Multiple Techniques for Raga Identification in Indian Classical Music

Data mining can be performed on Indian classical music with the help of raga. Raga plays a vital role in Indian classical music. Raga consists of different characteristics which make every raga unique in it. Raga is sequential collection of swaras and it is divided into two systems Hindustani (North Indian) music, Carnatic (South Indian) music. In this work we discussed basic introduction about data mining and raga identification and investigated characteristics of raga, manual method for raga identification. We survey the different past raga identification techniques such as scale matching, arohanaavarohana pattern, statistical approach and Pakad matching, Pitch class distribution (PCD) and pitch class dyad distribution (PCDD), An unsupervised statistical approach: LDA model, swara intonation. We introduced these techniques with their system structure and results obtain by them. We identified the challenges associated with raga identification, and related future work.
Effect of Dry Cupping on Vascular Function among Young Individuals

Background: Cupping is most widely used in China as part of traditional Chinese medicine. Cupping is an ancient technique used in treating pain and various disorders. It has been suggested that cupping promotes hyperemia (i.e., increased blood flow). Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of a single dry cupping treatment on microvascular function among healthy young individuals. Methods: Eleven apparently healthy young individuals (age: 22 ± 1.43 years) participated in this study. Dry cupping treatment was performed applying two plastic cups on the non-dominant arm of each participant. Before and after a 10-minute cupping treatment, microvascular function (fingertip Digital Thermal Monitoring of vascular reactivity) was evaluated. Results: Following the 10-minute cupping treatment, the individuals experienced a significant 36% increase in Vascular Reactivity Index (VRI) from baseline (2.60 ± 0.40 to 3.53 ± 0.42, p < 0.05). Participants experienced no complications as a result of the intervention. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that in healthy individuals, dry cupping treatment, was capable of increasing microvascular function, specifically VRI. This study underlies the role of cupping treatment in promoting vascular function improvements.
Systematic reviews of behavioural interventions for reducing the risk of HIV and AIDS: are we getting the evidence?

INTRODUCTION Researchers, public health practitioners and patients are loaded with unmanageable amounts of information about the best approaches to change behaviours that put people at risk of getting infected with HIV and AIDS. Over the last 30 years, there has been an exponential rise in the number of published scientific articles across health fields.There have been 131 000 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) completed since 1948, over 2 million articles are published annually in the biomedical literature in over 20 000 journals, and over 3 330 journals are indexed in MEDLINE (Rutherford, Peersman & Sogolow, 2000).
Efficacy of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: Decreased Use of Mechanical Ventilation

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy, a promising respiratory support method for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study comparing the periods before (June 2010 to May 2012) and after (June 2012 to May 2014) HFNC introduction (pre- and post-HFNC periods). During these periods, we retrieved cases of AHRF treated with any respiratory support (invasive ventilation, noninvasive ventilation [NIV], and HFNC) and compared in-hospital mortality, ICU/intermediate care unit/hospital stay, and need for mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: Eighty-three subjects (65 treated with NIV, and 18 treated with invasive ventilation) and 89 subjects (33 treated with HFNC, 43 treated with NIV, and 13 treated with invasive ventilation) identified from 782 pre-HFNC and 930 post-HFNC records of acute respiratory failure who required emergent admissions to the respiratory care department were analyzed. Overall, the in-hospital mortality rate was similar, although there was a non-significant and slight decrease from 35 to 27% (P = .26). There was no significant difference among ICU, intermediate care unit (P = .80), and hospital (P = .33) stay. In the post-HFNC period, significantly fewer subjects required mechanical ventilation (NIV or invasive ventilation) (100% vs 63%, P < .01). Additionally, there were significantly fewer ventilator days (median [interquartile range] of 5 [2–11] vs 2 [1–5] d, P < .05) and more ventilator-free days (median [interquartile range] of 18 [0–25] vs 26 [20–27] d, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: HFNC might be an alternative for AHRF subjects with NIV intolerance.
Competition , Contract Design and Quality of Outsourced Services

This paper estimates the impact of contract design and monitoring on the delivered quality of services provided through outsourcing. If the literature on competitive tendering had shown that contracting out allows to reduce costs, there exist up to now few evidences concerning the fact that costs savings could be achieved through lower quality of the service (quality shading hypothesis). Mixed results obtained by the previous literature on this issue seems to suggest that adverse e ects on quality are the consequence of poor application of outsourcing process rather than outsourcing per se. Unlike previous studies, which have relied on case studies or cross-sectional data and on subjective measures of service quality, a four-year panel data of 102 contracts is used to estimate a series of xed-e ects regression models. These panel estimates suggest that quality can e ectively be improved by implementing better contract speci cation and management. JEL Codes: D82, L15, L24
Differential gene expression analysis in the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum using SAGE methods and bioinformatics

Although Trichophyton rubrum is the dermatophyte more commonly found in lesions of human skin and nails [1], its genetic and biological aspects are still poorly understood. In order to better understand gene expression in this pathogen, we used the SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) technique to characterize the transcriptome profile of this fungus. Originally developed by Velculescu et al. 1995 [2], the I-SAGE was adapted in the present work so as to increase the efficiency of various enzymatic reactions and permit the analysis of gene expression from small amounts of samples (http://www.invitrogen.com/sage) [3]. A short sequence tag obtained (~10 bp) from a defined region within each transcript contains sufficient information to uniquely identify a transcript specific for each mRNA. Sequence tags were linked together to form long DNA molecules, which were subsequently cloned and sequenced. The expression level of the transcript was quantified and compared to ESTs from the fungus Aspergillus nidulans [4] using a new computational bioinformatics program, which we have called MOLD-tag. The MOLD-tag is a software applicative that was specially developed from the public domain Scilab platform [5] in order to suit the demands imposed by the objectives of our investigation. This software allows SAGE tags to be compared to EST databases and provides a series of resources for visualization of the results, statistical analysis, pattern recognition and data mining. The experimental results are expected to expand our knowledge while we attempt to elucidate the metabolic pathways or cellular processes that permit fungi to survive under adverse conditions or different drug concentrations and/or ambient pH. In addition, we intend to identify new differentially expressed genes that may be involved in pathogenicity and that, therefore, may become targets for the development of new antifungal drugs. REFERENCES [1] Jennings, M.B. , Weinberg, J.M. , Koestenblatt, E.K. , and Leczczynski, C. Study of clinically suspected onychomycosis in a podiatric population. J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Asso. 92 (2002), 327-330. [2] Velculescu, V.E. , Zhang, L. , Vogelstein, B. , and Kinzler, K.W. Serial analysis of gene expression. Science, 270 (1995), 484-487. [3] Quantitative Analysis of Gene Expression Using SAGE Technology.http://www.invitrogen. com/Content/Online%2 0Seminars/ISAGE/isagehome.html [4] Ayoubi, P., Jin, X. , Leite, S. , Liu X, Martajaja, J., Abduraham, A. , Wan, Q. , Yan, W. , Misawa, E. , and Prade, R.A. PipeOnline 2.0: automated EST processing and functional data sorting.Nucleic Acids Res. 30 (2002), 4761-4769. [5] Motta, P. Introdução ao Scilab. Versão 1.0. http://wwwrocq.inria. fr/scilab/books.html *All the authors contributed for this work equally
Early Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Enhances B-cell Longevity: A 5 Year Follow Up

Background: We have previously reported that an early initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-1 vertically infected children enhanced the function of memory B-cells gained during childhood routine vaccinations. On the other hand, a significant waning of immunity was observed for patients with a late treatment. In this follow-up study, we report data from a sample of patients in our cohort including late-treated patients being revaccinated with routine childhood vaccines. Methods: The levels of serum antibodies and cellular immunity were measured by antigen-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and B-cell ELISpot. Moreover, flow cytometry on the frequencies of mature-activated (CD10−CD21−) and double-negative (CD27–IgD–) B-cells as hallmarks of immune activation and immune senescence, respectively, was performed for all patients. Results: Reduced protective humoral immunity and cellular immunity to routine childhood vaccines was observed in late-treated patients. Moreover, we found that timing of HAART related with the frequencies of mature activated and double negative. Conclusions: Altogether the data presented in this follow-up study reenforce the importance for an early start of HAART in HIV-1 vertically infected individuals and suggest that timing of HAART is a fundamental factor to take into account for vaccination design in this population.
Estimating Reference Scopes of Wikipedia

Wikipedia is the largest online encyclopedia, utilized as machine-knowledgeable and semantic resources. Links within Wikipedia indicate that two linked articles or parts of them are related each other about their topics. Existing link detection methods focus on linking to article titles, because most of links in Wikipedia point to article titles. But there is a number of links in Wikipedia pointing to corresponding specific segments, such as paragraphs, because the whole article is too general and it is hard for readers to obtain the intention of the link. We propose a method to automatically predict whether a link target is a specific segment or the whole article, and evaluate which segment is most relevant. We propose a combination method of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) to represent every segment as a vector, and then we obtain similarity of each segment pair. Finally, we utilize variance, standard deviation and other statistical features to produce prediction results. We also apply word embeddings to embed all the segments into a semantic space and calculate cosine similarities between segment pairs. Then we utilize Random Forest to train a classifier to predict link scopes. Evaluations on Wikipedia articles show an ensemble of the proposed features achieved the best results.