Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Twenty years of classroom climate work: progress and prospect

Educators often speak of a classroom's environment, climate, ambience, tone, atmosphere, or ethos and consider it to be important and influential. Although the notion of classroom environment is somewhat subtle and nebulous, enormous progress has been made over the past 20 years in terms of conceptualizing, measuring and analysing it. What are the determinants of a classroom's climate and what are its effects in terms of students' satisfaction and learning? Is there a discrepancy between actual and preferred environment, as judged by students or teachers, and does this discrepancy matter? Do teachers and students perceive the same classrooms similarly? Can teachers conveniently assess the climates of their own classrooms and can they change these environments? Does the nature of a classroom's environment influence curriculum implementation in important ways, and can new curricula be evaluated in part in terms of their impact on classroom environment? These questions represent the thrust of the work on classroom environment over the previous two decades and constitute the main areas that are covered in this paper. Traditionally curriculum evaluations and school-effects research have tended to rely heavily and sometimes exclusively on the assessment of academic achievement and other valued learning outcomes. Although few responsible educators would dispute the worth of outcome measures, these measures cannot give a complete picture of the educational process. Because students spend up to 15,000 hours at school by the time they finish senior high school,1 students certainly have an important stake in what happens to them at school, and students' reactions to, and perceptions of, their school experiences are significant. This paper focuses on one approach to conceptualizing, assessing and investigating what happens to students during their schooling. In particular, the main emphasis is upon students' and teachers' perceptions of important social and psychological aspects of the learning environments of school classrooms. In contrast to methods which rely on outside observers, the approach described here defines classroom environment in terms of the shared perceptions of the students and teachers in that environment. This approach has the dual advantage of characterizing the class through the eyes of the actual participants and capturing data which the observer could miss or consider unimportant. Students are at a good vantage point to make judgements about classrooms because they have encountered many different learning environments and have enough time in a class to form
The People's Houses and the Cult of the Peasant in Turkey

'Only one peasant stronghold remained in or around the neighbourhood of Europe and the Middle East -Turkey,' wrote historian Eric Hobsbawm, 'where the peasantry declined, but in the mid-1980s, still remained an absolute majority. ' One can argue that Hobsbawm made a mistake or exaggerated a little. Statistics, however, confirm the historian's point.2 Indeed, until recently Turkey remained a 'peasant country', and the consequences of this fact, usually unnoticed, have had great impact on the social and intellectual life of the country. The structural reasons behind the predominance of a peasant economy and society in Turkey have been investigated to a great extent, owing largely to the extensive development of the fields of economic history and political economy. However, the subjective factors such as ideas and culture that helped shape and reproduce this phenomenon have not been studied adequately. The role and impact of ideas are essential, for they are the factors which affect the specific ways of historical development, especially when they inspire political movements or become institutionalized as part of a state policy. This paper argues that, as far as the intellectual level is concerned, the lack of a consistent, well-devised, serious and prolonged urban and industrial policy and the predominance of a peasantist outlook among the ruling circles of the single-party regime contributed to the persistence of a predominantly peasant society for much of the twentieth century in Turkey. In other words, the ambiguities and eclecticism of the ruling circles, hesitantly pretending to embrace an urban and industrial outlook on the one hand, and embracing a peasantist one on the other, most probably helped sustain a huge peasant mass. In order to substantiate this argument, we shall analyse the peasantist ideology, whose significance in Turkish intellectual history is underestimated, although it gained widespread currency among the intelligentsia of the 1930s. We shall focus on the People's Houses since this institution was directly founded for the purpose of disseminating the propaganda of the governing People's
Over the Hills and Far Away

Construal level theory posits a bidirectional relationship between physical (geographical) distance and levels of mental representation, whereby larger magnitudes of distance trigger higher levels of mental representation and higher levels of mental representation increase perceptions of distance. In the current article, we review research that supports a construal level theory approach to physical distance. After briefly describing the basic tenets of construal level theory, we review factors that influence perceptions of distance in physical space as well as effects of physical distance on mental representation, judgment, and behavior that are consistent with this framework. We close by discussing future directions to be explored.
The possible influence of crucial Pauline texts on the role of women in the Nkhoma synod of the Central African Presbyterian Church

In the Central African Presbyterian Church (C.C.A.P.) women are marginalised in its synods. The Nkhoma Synod has taken the strictest measures in marginalising women in the sense that, unlike the other synods, at the time of writing this dissertation, they did not allow women to be deacons, elders or ministers. The dissertation is a quest to find out the root cause of this marginalisation. The main focus has been on finding out to what extent the Pauline writings influenced this marginalisation. Chapter 1 describes the extent of women marginalisation in the C.C. A.P. Synods in Malawi, focusing especially on the Nkhoma Synod. Chapter 2 deals with the unparalleled contribution of women to the success of the Nkhoma Synod’s work. The position of women in Malawi and within the Chewa society is discussed in chapter 3. Chapter 4 deals with various interpretations of 1 Corinthians 11:2–16; 14:34, 35. These are Pauline texts which seem to support the marginalisation of women. Chapter 5 presents the results of the research, while in chapter 6 suggestions are made with regard to the future improvement of the position of women.
Transcranial Doppler Assessment of Workload Transition in a Complex Task

Previous research has demonstrated that the level of performance achieved for a given workload level is affected not only on task demands and individual differences, but also by sequential effects of prior workload. The majority of this research has been done with vigilance-type tasks, wherein performance is an intermittent response to critical signals. Workload is then varied either by adjusting the signal rate or adding a secondary task. This study sought to demonstrate that workload can be assessed with Transcranial Doppler (TCD) in addition to performance and other physiological measures, and that workload transition results generalize to more complex tasks. TCD and electrocardiographic (ECG) data were collected while participants performed the Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MATB, Comstock & Arnegard, 1992). Two levels of workload were individually defined based on performance via a pretest calibration procedure; one level was relatively easy with a mean composite TLX score of 23 and the other relatively difficult with a mean composite TLX score of 63. These two levels were run in isolation and in transition runs that switched from one to the other halfway through. TCD and ECG revealed that both blood flow velocity and heart rate increased with increasing task difficulty, while the transition in task difficulty produced nonsignifcantly lower performance than runs of consistent difficulty. The physiological data provides evidence that additional physical resources are demanded and consumed in response to the change in task difficulty, while performance data collected to date has not revealed transition effects in the complex task.
Automatic Dating of Documents and Temporal Text Classification

The frequency of occurrence of words in natural languages exhibits a periodic and a non-periodic component when analysed as a time series. This work presents an unsupervised method of extracting periodicity information from text, enabling time series creation and filtering to be used in the creation of sophisticated language models that can discern between repetitive trends and non-repetitive writing patterns. The algorithm performs in O(n log n) time for input of length n. The temporal language model is used to create rules based on temporal-word associations inferred from the time series. The rules are used to guess automatically at likely document creation dates, based on the assumption that natural languages have unique signatures of changing word distributions over time. Experimental results on news items spanning a nine year period show that the proposed method and algorithms are accurate in discovering periodicity patterns and in dating documents automatically solely from their content.
Issues in performing a network meta-analysis

The example of the analysis of a collection of trials in diabetes consisting of a sparsely connected network of 10 treatments is used to make some points about approaches to analysis. In particular various graphical and tabular presentations, both of the network and of the results are provided and the connection to the literature of incomplete blocks is made. It is clear from this example that is inappropriate to treat the main effect of trial as random and the implications of this for analysis are discussed. It is also argued that the generalisation from a classic random-effect meta-analysis to one applied to a network usually involves strong assumptions about the variance components involved. Despite this, it is concluded that such an analysis can be a useful way of exploring a set of trials.
Retenção de caixa, desempenho operacional e valor: um estudo no mercado de capitais brasileiro

A teoria classica de gestao de caixa afirma que manter reservas de caixa pode influenciar negativamente os resultados da empresa. O objetivo deste estudo e investigar a relacao entre a manutencao de reservas de caixa e o desempenho operacional de empresas brasileiras de capital aberto. Utilizando dados em painel de 167 empresas brasileiras no periodo de 1995 a 2009 e aplicando os metodos pooled-OLS e system-GMM foi possivel estabelecer uma relacao robusta e estatisticamente significativa entre reservas de caixa e desempenho. Os resultados evidenciaram que o desempenho medido pelo Retorno sobre o Ativo (ROA) e o Valor de Mercado avaliado pela razao Market-to-Book sao afetados positivamente pela retencao de caixa das empresas. Em suma, concluiu-se que a retencao de grandes volumes de caixa pode ser considerada uma estrategia competitiva viavel para as empresas, contrariando a teoria classica sobre o assunto.
A Turing Game for Commonsense Knowledge Extraction

Collecting commonsense from text with the aid of a game can reduce the cost and effort of creating large knowledge bases. In this paper, we design, implement, and evaluate an online game that classifies, with input from players, text extracted from the Web as commonsense knowledge, domain-specific knowledge or nonsense. We also create a knowledge base that includes commonsense facts in natural language and information on how common a given fact is. The game is currently available for play on the Web and on Facebook, and under constant improvement. The creation of a continuous scale to classify commonsense helped during evaluation of the data by clearly identifying which knowledge is reliable and which needs further qualification. When comparing our results to other similar knowledge acquisition systems, our Turing Game performs better with respect to coverage,redundancy, and reliability of the commonsense acquired.
Time-based prospective memory performance in young children

Time-based prospective memory refers to the ability to remember to execute a delayed intention after a specific time. In this study, for the first time, a time-based prospective memory task was applied in a sample of 42 kindergarten children (age range: 62 to 87 months) while simultaneously playing a game of Memory/Pairs as the continuous ongoing activity. Significant age differences were identified, as prospective task performance was positively correlated with age. Still, even the youngest children were able to perform the time-based memory task at a basic level. In addition, time-based prospective memory performance was associated with processing speed and working memory. These findings indicate that already by kindergarten age, children are able to remember to carry out a delayed intention on their own initiative. Yet, this ability still develops over time. A possible mechanism in time-based prospective memory development might be seen in the development of working memory resources.
Autopilot design for bank to turn missile

Bank to Turn (BTT) missile is a nonlinear control system with severe coupling between its three channels. Therefore, independent control system design method for three channels cannot be employed directly for BTT autopilot. In this paper, the linearized mathematical model for BTT missile is established first. Then the coupling factors between three channels are removed using coordinated control theory in order to design the pitch, yaw and roll channel autopilots. After that, coordinated loops are introduced between channels and the corresponding parameters are designed to ensure the side slip angle to be zero or near zero during the fight of BTT missile. Finally, six degree target interception mathematical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed BTT missile autopilot.
Perceptions of Organizational Effectiveness Over Organizational Life Cycles

1981 by Cornell University. 0001 -8392/81/2604-0525/$00.75 Among the problems in the literature on organizational effectiveness are the over-reliance on researcher imposed criteria of effectiveness and the tendency to measure perceptions of effectiveness at only one point in time. In this study, we examine the changes that occurred in ratings of effectiveness by organizational members as their organizations developed through various life cycle stages. Using 18 simulated organizations, we tracked the changes that occurred in perceptions of effectiveness related to different domains of activity and different levels of analysis. We found that, as the organizations developed, the importance of effectiveness in acquiring inputs gave way to the importance of effectiveness in producing outputs. Individual effectiveness became less important over time while organizational effectiveness became more important. We draw implications for the use of different models of organizational effectiveness in future research.
Slugbot: An Application of a Novel and Scalable Open Domain Socialbot Framework

In this paper we introduce a novel, open domain socialbot for the Amazon Alexa Prize competition, aimed at carrying on friendly conversations with users on a variety of topics. We present our modular system, highlighting our different data sources and how we use the human mind as a model for data management. Additionally we build and employ natural language understanding and information retrieval tools and APIs to expand our knowledge bases. We describe our semistructured, scalable framework for crafting topic-specific dialogue flows, and give details on our dialogue management schemes and scoring mechanisms. Finally we briefly evaluate the performance of our system and observe the challenges that an open domain socialbot faces.
Kinematic and Neurophysiological Consequences of an Assisted-Force-Feedback Brain-Machine Interface Training: A Case Study

In a proof-of-principle prototypical demonstration we describe a new type of brain-machine interface (BMI) paradigm for upper limb motor-training. The proposed technique allows a fast contingent and proportionally modulated stimulation of afferent proprioceptive and motor output neural pathways using operant learning. Continuous and immediate assisted-feedback of force proportional to rolandic rhythm oscillations during actual movements was employed and illustrated with a single case experiment. One hemiplegic patient was trained for 2 weeks coupling somatosensory brain oscillations with force-field control during a robot-mediated center-out motor-task whose execution approaches movements of everyday life. The robot facilitated actual movements adding a modulated force directed to the target, thus providing a non-delayed proprioceptive feedback. Neuro-electric, kinematic, and motor-behavioral measures were recorded in pre- and post-assessments without force assistance. Patient’s healthy arm was used as control since neither a placebo control was possible nor other control conditions. We observed a generalized and significant kinematic improvement in the affected arm and a spatial accuracy improvement in both arms, together with an increase and focalization of the somatosensory rhythm changes used to provide assisted-force-feedback. The interpretation of the neurophysiological and kinematic evidences reported here is strictly related to the repetition of the motor-task and the presence of the assisted-force-feedback. Results are described as systematic observations only, without firm conclusions about the effectiveness of the methodology. In this prototypical view, the design of appropriate control conditions is discussed. This study presents a novel operant-learning-based BMI-application for motor-training coupling brain oscillations and force feedback during an actual movement.
A New Architecture for Integration of CORBA and OODB

Object oriented database system (OODB) supports an object oriented data model with the functionality of persistency and transaction semantics. In order to facilitate the use of OODB, the Object Database Management Group (ODMG) defined a standard for object database management systems. On the other hand, the Object Management Group (OMG) defined the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), which is an emerging standard of distributed object technology providing the interconnection network between distributed objects. For the sake of matching these two object models, taking the advantages of merging both of them, and building a more sophisticated infrastructure, the integration of CORBA and OODB is currently an urgent and important issue in distributed object systems. Instead of using Object Database Adapter (ODA) suggested by the ODMG, we provide a novel way of reusing the Object Transaction Service (OTS) and wrapping techniques to introduce OODB into CORBA automatically. Through our design, CORBA clients or OODB object implementers do not need to learn any knowledge of each other. In addition, error recovery is also provided to guarantee the consistency of object states. The whole task for integrating CORBA and OODB is done transparently by our proposed preprocessor, which plays an important role in solving problems encountered by ORB and OODB vendors easily.
The Predictive Validities of Selected Aptitude and Achievement Measures and of Three Personality Inventories in Relation to Nursing Training Criteria

FOR a sample of one hundred freshman trainees in student nursing for the academic year of 1964-1965, the two-fold purpose of this investigation was (1) to obtain additional cross-validation data on a number of cognitive and non-cognitive predictor variables that had been employed during previous years in the selection of candidates for participation in a nursing training program at the Los Angeles County Hospital and (2) to derive new information concerning the predictive validities of scales in the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) and in Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor (16 PF) Questionnaire relative to both academic and clinically oriented criteria. In addition, it was also desired to check out the predictive validities of the previously employed Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scales with respect to certain items on the Ward Performance Scale that had been designed to represent operational statements of several of the constructs in the EPPS and in the 16 PF Questionnaire. The constructs selected were judged to reflect personal needs thought to be important by supervisory staff to success in day-to-day nursing activities in the wards of any large metropolitan hospital.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN MEDICAL STUDENTS

It is often argued that a blend of personality characteristics is necessary for people to be successful in their career. Educators, researchers, and psychologists have been constantly searching for parsimonious set of variables that predicts patterns of students' behaviours and their relationship to academic achievement . so this study was done to find out the relationship between Big Five personality traits and academic achievement in an undergraduate medical students (n=150) . In this study All personality traits are positively and significantly predicted students overall grade except Extraversion. Of all traits Openness and Neuroticism were positively related to student's academic achievement than agreeableness and conscientiousness and are more important predictors of overall grade of the students. Extraversion was positively related (r =.150) but not statistically significant. The present results provide evidence supporting the Relationship between
Fabrication of Application Specific Integrated Passive Devices Using Wafer Level Packaging Technologies

Integrated passives have become increasingly popular in recent years. Especially wafer level packaging technologies offer an interesting variety of different possibilities for the implementation of integrated passive components. In this context, particularly the fabrication of integrated passive devices (IPDs) represents a promising solution regarding the reduction of size and assembly costs of electronic systems in package (SiP). IPDs combine different passive components (R,L ,C ) in one subcomponent to be assembled in one step by standard technologies like surface mount device (SMD) or flip chip. In this paper, the wafer level thin film fabrication of integrated passive devices (WL-IPDs) will be discussed. After a brief overview of the different possibilities for the realization of IPDs using wafer level packaging technologies two fabricated WL-IPDs will be presented. Design, technological realization, as well as results from the electrical characterization will be discussed.