Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the metabolic status recovers cardiac potassium channel synthesis in experimental diabetes

The fast transient outward current, Ito,fast, is the most extensively studied cardiac K+ current in diabetic animals. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain how type‐1 diabetes reduces this current in cardiac muscle. The first one is a deficiency in channel expression due to a defect in the trophic effect of insulin. The second one proposes flawed glucose metabolism as the cause of the reduced Ito,fast. Moreover, little information exists about the effects and possible mechanisms of diabetes on the other repolarizing currents of the human heart: Ito,slow, IKr, IKs, IKur, IKslow and IK1.
Innovation and Information Acquisition under Time Inconsistency and Uncertainty

When an agent invests in new industrial activities, he has a limited initial knowledge of his project's returns. Acquiring information allows him both to reduce the uncertainty on the dangerousness of this project and to limit potential damages that it might cause on people's health and on the environment. In this paper, we study whether there exist situations in which the agent does not acquire information. We find that an agent with time-consistent preferences, as well as an agent with hyperbolic ones, will acquire information unless its cost exceeds the direct benefit they could get with this information. Nevertheless, a hyperbolic agent may remain strategically ignorant and, when he does acquire information, he will acquire less information than a time-consistent type. Moreover, a hyperbolic-discounting type who behaves as a time-consistent agent in the future is more inclined to stay ignorant. We then emphasize that this strategic ignorance depends on the degree of precision of the information. Finally, we analyse the role that existing liability rules could play as an incentive to acquire information under uncertainty and with regard to the form of the agent's preferences.
Singers' recall for the words and melody of a new, unaccompanied song

The nature of the relationship between words and music in memory has been studied in a variety of ways, from investigations of listeners' recall for the words of songs stored in long-term memory to recall for novel information set to unfamiliar melodies. We asked singers to perform an unaccompanied song from memory following deliberate learning and memorization of the words and melody separately and together. Participants with high levels of musical expertise gave more accurate and fluent performances than those with lower levels of musical expertise, but only when they had memorized the words and melody together. While some errors were conjoint, such that erroneous recall of one component — words or melody — affected recall for the other, a higher proportion were separate, such that participants were able to preserve one component when they recalled the other erroneously. Words and melody are thus recalled in association with one another, so that retrieving one enables retrieval of the other, but are not integrated to the extent that failure to recall one accurately invariably results in failure to recall the other. Finally, more hesitations were made at the ends of phrases than at the start or mid-phrase, suggesting that the formal structure of a song provides a framework for recall. In conclusion, memorizing words and melody together is an effective strategy, but perhaps only for singers with high levels of musical expertise.
Increased production of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor precedes clinical manifestation in multiple sclerosis: Do cytokines trigger off exacerbations?

ABSTRACT‐ We have carried out a longitudinal study of interferon (IFN) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) using a whole‐blood mitogen stimulation assay in 20 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and in a healthy control group. We set up individual profiles and the results were quite constant for each individual, both in healthy donors and in the patients in remission. Before exacerbations, however, we found an increase of IFN‐γ and TNF production preceding clinical symptoms by a maximum of 2 weeks. In benign cases, the increase disappeared rapidly, even before the appearance of symptoms, whereas we found sequelae whenever the increase persisted during weeks. In chronic progressive patients, we frequently found intervening increases. It may be that IFN‐γ and TNF trigger off exacerbations at a very early stage and that these cytokines may also play a role in maintaining disease in chronic progressive and invalidating forms.
Grammatical gender processing in romance languages: Evidence from bare noun production in Italian and Spanish

The selection of grammatical gender in bare noun production is a controversial topic. In two experiments with the picture–word interference paradigm we confirmed a reliable effect of grammatical gender congruency in bare noun production in Italian and we replicated this effect in Spanish, another Romance language with a gender system analogous to the Italian one. In both Experiments, naming times were slower for picture–word pairs sharing grammatical gender. The results of the present study support the notion that grammatical gender is an intrinsic lexical property and not a pure syntactic feature selected only in noun phrase production. We assume that grammatical gender selection is crucial in languages with a complex morphological structure, like Italian and Spanish, in which the ending vowel is itself marked for grammatical gender.
The role of augmented information prior to learning a bimanual visual‐motor coordination task: Do instructions of the movement pattern facilitate learning relative to discovery learning?

Investigators have recently begun to examine the role of information prior to learning a motor skill and surprisingly have found that not providing instruction about how to learn often results in better learning and transfer than explicit instruction. To examine more specifically how these instructional manipulations influence learning, a temporal, bimanual coordination study was conducted that allowed an examination of the process of acquisition, in relation to knowledge of pre-existing coordinative tendencies. Specific (SI) and general (GI) instruction groups, where instruction informed participants how the hands should be coordinated to produce the required pattern, were compared to no-instruction (NI) and secondary task learning (STL) groups. The two instruction groups showed an initial bias towards an anti-phase pattern, whereas the no-instruction groups showed a greater bias initially to an in-phase pattern. However, it was the NI and the SI groups who were the most accurate during acquisition and retention. Interestingly, however, only the SI group was negatively affected during a secondary task transfer test, and regressed back to the previously stable anti-phase pattern of coordination. These data show that discovery learning may facilitate the learning of a complex coordination task, especially if the task has to be performed concurrently with other attention-demanding tasks.
Time-Accurate, Unstructured-Mesh Navier-Stokes Computations with the Space-Time CESE Method

Application of the newly emerged space-time conservation element solution element (CESE) method to compressible Navier-Stokes equations is studied. In contrast to Euler equations solvers, several issues such as boundary conditions, numerical dissipation, and grid stiffness warrant systematic investigations and validations. Non-reflecting boundary conditions applied at the truncated boundary are also investigated from the stand point of acoustic wave propagation. Validations of the numerical solutions are performed by comparing with exact solutions for steady-state as well as time-accurate viscous flow problems. The test cases cover a broad speed regime for problems ranging from acoustic wave propagation to 3D hypersonic configurations. Model problems pertinent to hypersonic configurations demonstrate the effectiveness of the CESE method in treating flows with shocks, unsteady waves, and separations. Good agreement with exact solutions suggests that the space-time CESE method provides a viable alternative for time-accurate Navier-Stokes calculations of a broad range of problems.
Family conflict in divorced and non-divorced families: Potential consequences for boys’ friendship status and friendship quality

This study examined associations between family conflict and the quality of boys’ friendships in divorced and non-divorced families. Interviews and self-report measures were completed by 173 boys (Mage = 8.10; 92 Caucasian, 65 African American) and their parents from divorced and non-divorced families. Findings indicated that boys from divorced families had fewer friends, and lower quality friendships, than boys from non-divorced families. Marital conflict was associated with low levels of reasoning in mother-son and sibling-brother relationships in non-divorced families, and low levels of reasoning in father-son relationships in divorced families. Family conflict-resolution strategies mediated connections between marital conflict and the number of boys’ mutual friendships as well as boys’ friendship quality.
Learning a Flexible K-Dependence Bayesian Classifier from the Chain Rule of Joint Probability Distribution

As one of the most common types of graphical models, the Bayesian classifier has become an extremely popular approach to dealing with uncertainty and complexity. The scoring functions once proposed and widely used for a Bayesian network are not appropriate for a Bayesian classifier, in which class variable C is considered as a distinguished one. In this paper, we aim to clarify the working mechanism of Bayesian classifiers from the perspective of the chain rule of joint probability distribution. By establishing the mapping relationship between conditional probability distribution and mutual information, a new scoring function, Sum_MI, is derived and applied to evaluate the rationality of the Bayesian classifiers. To achieve global optimization and high dependence representation, the proposed learning algorithm, the flexible K-dependence Bayesian (FKDB) classifier, applies greedy search to extract more information from the K-dependence network structure. Meanwhile, during the learning procedure, the optimal attribute order is determined dynamically, rather than rigidly. In the experimental study, functional dependency analysis is used to improve model interpretability when the structure complexity is restricted.
Retinal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thinning in clinically isolated syndrome

Background: Axonal and neuronal damage are widely accepted as key events in the disease course of multiple sclerosis. However, it has been unclear to date at which stage in disease evolution neurodegeneration begins and whether neuronal damage can occur even in the absence of acute inflammatory attacks. Objective: To characterize inner retinal layer changes in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Method: 45 patients with CIS and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were investigated using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Patients’ eyes were stratified into the following categories according to history of optic neuritis (ON): eyes with clinically-diagnosed ON (CIS-ON), eyes with suspected subclinical ON (CIS-SON) as indicated by a visual evoked potential latency of >115ms and eyes unaffected by ON (CIS-NON). Results: CIS-NON eyes showed significant reduction of ganglion cell- and inner plexiform layer and a topography similar to that of CIS-ON eyes. Seven eyes were characterized as CIS-SON and likewise showed significant retinal layer thinning. The most pronounced thinning was present in CIS-ON eyes. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that retinal pathology does occur already in CIS. Intraretinal layer segmentation may be an easily applicable, non-invasive method for early detection of retinal pathology in patients unaffected by ON.
Practice, Plurality, Performativity, and Plumbing

Recent scholarship provides the opportunity for an assessment of the underexplored but promising marriage between science and technology studies (STS) and Internet governance (IG) research. This article seeks to provide such an assessment by reviewing and discussing, in particular, three volumes: Laura DeNardis’s The Global War for Internet Governance (2014, Yale University Press), The Power of Networks: Organizing the Global Politics of the Internet by Mikkel Flyverbom (2011, Edward Elgar Publishing), and Governance, Regulations and Powers on the Internet edited by Eric Brousseau, Meryem Marzouki, and Cécile Méadel (2012, Cambridge University Press). Approaching IG through an STS lens, these authors bring to the fore a number of related issues that political and legal sciences have addressed only incompletely so far, but are crucial to understand today’s governance of the Internet as a complex sociotechnical system of systems. In their research, STS scholars of IG highlight the day-to-day, mundane practices that constitute IG; the plurality and “networkedness” of hybrid devices and arrangements that populate, shape, and define IG processes; the performative function of these arrangements vis-à-vis the virtual, yet very material, worlds they seek to regulate; the invisibility, pervasiveness, and agency of infrastructure.
Periodic event-triggered control based on state feedback

In this paper, a novel event-triggered control (ETC) strategy is proposed by striking a balance between periodic sampled-data control and ETC. This leads to so-called periodic event-triggered control (PETC), in which the advantage of reduced resource utilisation is preserved on the one hand, while, on the other hand, the conditions that trigger the events still have a periodic character. The latter aspect has the advantage that the event-triggering condition has to be verified only at the periodic sampling times, instead of continuously, as in conventional ETC. To analyse the stability and the L2-gain properties of the resulting PETC systems, two different approaches will be presented based on (i) piecewise linear systems, and (ii) impulsive systems, respectively. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods will be highlighted. The developed theory will be illustrated using a numerical example.
Embrace Chattering Students

When students chatter in class it can be disruptive, but could that chatter also have some redeeming qualities? We asked students to keep track of their social interactions in a particular class. On days when students had more social interactions than usual, they reported a greater sense of belonging, which was, in turn, related to greater class enjoyment (i.e., a within-person effect). Further, students who tended to have more social interactions than others reported a greater sense of belonging, which was, in turn, related to greater class enjoyment (i.e., a between-person effect). These results held when examining daily ratings of social interactions, belonging, and class enjoyment, and when examining overall end-of-semester ratings. Critically, higher average daily feelings of belonging mediated the effect of the number of average daily classroom interactions on students’ end-of-semester class enjoyment and marginally on grades. For educators, promoting peer-to-peer conversation may create a positive effect by which students judge the overall class experience positively.
Hierarchical data-driven Model-Free Iterative Learning Control using primitives

This paper suggests a novel model-free primitive-based hierarchical approach to trajectory tracking, which endows the feedback control systems with learning and planning capabilities. The reference inputs (r.i.s) are first optimized at the low level in a Model-Free Iterative Learning Control framework to achieve controlled output trajectory tracking, without using a model of the environment. The learning takes place in a Linear Time Invariant (LTI) setting. The learned r.i. -controlled output pairs are called primitive pairs. Each new complex trajectory to be tracked is then decomposed at the high level in terms of the learned output primitives regarded as basis functions. The optimal r.i. ensuring output tracking of the new trajectory is obtained by merging the leaned r.i. primitives using the superposition principle specific to LTI. Therefore, the optimal r.i. is computed offline and avoids learning to track new trajectories from repeated executions of the tracking task. The efficiency of this approach is illustrated on a positioning control system for an aerodynamic system.
Staphylococcus aureus Expresses a Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Analog (*)

Staphylococcus aureus expresses various surface proteins which specifically recognize and bind to different host molecules. We have previously identified a bacterial protein that exhibits a broad specificity and binds to several mammalian extracellular proteins. The gene encoding this bacterial component has now been cloned and sequenced. The deduced protein consists predominantly of six repeated domains of 110 residues. Each of the repeated domains contain a subdomain of 31 residues that share striking sequence homology with a segment in the peptide binding groove of the β chain of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II proteins from different mammalian species. The purified recombinant bacterial protein bound several mammalian proteins, including recombinant osteopontin, suggesting a protein-protein interaction and also specifically recognized a 15-amino acid residue synthetic peptide. Taken together, these results suggest that the bacterial protein resembles mammalian MHC class II molecules with respect to both sequence similarities and peptide binding capabilities.
A quasi-static analysis of dextrous manipulation with sliding and rolling contacts

M.A. Peshkin and A.C. Sanderson's minimum power principle (see IEEE Int. Conf. on Rob. & Autom., p.421-6, April 25-29, 1988) for quasi-static systems is used to combine force and kinematic relationships into a nonlinear mathematical program called the forward object motion problem. Given the joint velocities of the robot's hand and arm, the solution of the forward object motion problem predicts not only the velocity of the object (as determined by kinematic analyses), but also the contact forces. In kinematic analyses one must guess as to the nature of all contact interactions (i.e. sliding, rolling, or separating). The solution of the forward object motion problem definitively determines these interactions and the contact forces as a byproduct of determining the velocity of the manipulated object. <<ETX>>
Powering Smart Home Intelligence Using Existing Entertainment Systems

Smart Homes and Smart Environments are classically centrally organized and utilize methods from machine learning and artificial intelligence. In recent years, continuous progress has been made and the technology has reached a level where the deployment becomes feasible on a larger scale and in everyday settings, raising the question where the central system should be deployed. In this paper, we propose the use of existing entertainment systems as the Smart Home controller. In a case study we examine the performance of the multi-core Cell processor of the Sony PlayStation 3 for training artificial feed forward neural networks using specifically adapted parallel training strategies. The evaluation of these strategies shows a gain in speed of up to 6.6 over a sequential implementation on a single processing element of the Cell. Based on these findings and related work we suggest that home entertainment systems should be considered as possible powerful, deployment platforms for future Smart Home systems.
Becoming a reflective community of practice

This paper explores the collaborative research relationship among a faculty of education, district school board and a teacher’s self‐regulatory body. Each group possessed different objectives; however, all agreed that reflection, teacher inquiry and standards of practice would unite their research journey. These educators’ awareness of ‘reflective’ inquiry grounded their project in the belief that personal professional narratives can reflect and address the challenges of teaching. With a strong focus on narrative and associated narrative‐activities such as narrative discussion and narrative‐writing as qualitative research tools, these educators deepened their own reflection on practice, and eventually gained insights that led to transformations in their teaching. Over 200 teachers were involved. The implications of this partnership exceeded the writers’ initial purpose and revealed the importance of reflective teaching in a community of inquiry. This project reminded the writers that professional learning is at the center of practice and teacher educators who engage in ongoing processes to refine their teaching will be better able to support classroom teachers in refining their professional practice.
Validation of Software Architecture for Object-Oriented Testing using with the Facilitate Quality Attributes

In this research investigate, quality of software using comprehend our architecture testing model [34], with the help of object oriented characteristic relationship, using different software metrics. The objective of ‘Design Architectural Testing Tool’ is to facilitate a design that may contribute to the comprehensiveness of the software testing tool. In this research work first we try to draw an architecture of testing method based on their attribute nature and shows their relationship next phase will be applied testing (based on different software metrics) on each component and after testing we apply different statistical analysis for validation of our research work .
Marital Sanctity, Relationship Maintenance, and Marital Quality

It has been argued that individuals who consider their marriages as sacred are likely to put greater effort into protecting those marriages. As relationship maintenance behaviors have been defined as efforts enacted to maintain features such as marital satisfaction, it is possible that relational maintenance behaviors serve as a link between marital sanctity and marital satisfaction. A sample of 244 heterosexual married couples completed measures of marital sanctity, relationship maintenance, and marital quality. Analyses revealed that one’s own belief in the sanctity of one’s marriage was associated with one’s reported engagement in relational maintenance behaviors. These were linked to one’s partner’s marital satisfaction. Findings suggest that one’s perception of the sanctification of one’s marriage might be manifested in one’s engagement in relational maintenance behaviors and account, in part, for the association between one’s belief in the sanctity of one’s marriage and one’s spouse’s marital satisfaction.
Adaptive fault tolerant control for active suspension

This paper deals an adaptive fault tolerant control for active suspension in the presence of actuator saturation. An adaptive state-feedback controller is designed to tackle the issue of actuator fault. A Disturbance observer is utilized to observe the lumped disturbance. The partial actuator fault or actuator inefficiency is consider as an actuator fault. The fault is estimated and then compensated by the use of adaptive state feedback control law. The proposed controller is verified by the simulation.