Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Improvement of Algebraic Multigrid Solver by Vector Sequence Extrapolation

Algebraic Multigrid Method (AMG) performance im- provement by vector sequence extrapolation is examined. Projective Forward Extrapolation (PFE), Minimal Polynomial Extrapolation (MPE) and Reduced Rank Extrapolation (RRE) are applied to the AMG resulting in a hybrid approach, vector extrapolated AMG. The impact of vector sequence extrapolation is shown to improve performance of the AMG in number of cycles and execution time, resulting in three new methods: PFE-AMG, MPE-AMG and RRE-AMG. Computational results of the application of vector extrapolated AMG to sparse matrices arising from discretization of fluid flow equations are presented showing performance improvements compared to the traditional AMG.
Crisis in the IS Field? A Critical Reflection on the State of the Discipline

This paper explores the issue of whether the field of IS is in crisis. To do so, the paper first starts by looking back on where the field has come from. Next, it assesses the status of the IS field by exploring where the field is now. That our current status remains a ‘fragmented adhocracy’ suggests the field may indeed be in crisis or headed for a crisis. This is compounded by the fact that there are two different views on the state of the IS field, each posing its own set of threats. One is the external view of the community (the view of IS from outside the academic field); the other is the internal view (the view from inside the IS community). By analyzing these two views, a better understanding of the problems the field faces emerges. In the next part of the paper, some thoughts are presented on where might the field go from here for overcoming its internal communication deficit. The paper proposes four different types of knowledge for structuring an IS Body of Knowledge (BoK) and following on from that, the value of creating a common BoK for the field. Lastly, the implications arising from the paper’s analysis are explored. More specifically, the paper considers various options that are available for overcoming the internal communications deficit the IS field faces. These include changing the way the field thinks about generalizations, changing the institutional publication practices, focusing more on understanding the field’s organizational stakeholders, and developing new knowledge creation and transformation networks. If IS as a field can overcome its internal communications deficits, it might ultimately contribute to the societal challenge of developing a deliberative cyber democracy and thereby help to address the social communication deficit which is a feature of modern mass societies.
A Documentation Model for Comparative Research Based on Harmonization Strategies

This paper deals with studies of fixed design, where comparability is feasible either for culture or for time and culture. For the time dimension, studies are divided into cross-sectional and longitudinal, and for the cultural dimension they are divided into monocultural and cross-cultural. Since modern societies are mainly organised into nation-states, cross-cultural studies are carried out more often on country level. However this does not necessarily mean that the organisation of cross-cultural studies in the same country is not possible. Comparative cross-cultural studies follow strategies of data harmonization such as the «ex ante input harmonization», the «ex ante output harmonization», and the «ex post harmonization», as well as mixed strategies. These strategies of data harmonization are complex procedures for which success or failure is reflected in the final study product. In this paper, a documentation model is proposed for both longitudinal and cross-cultural studies, for which documentation is particularly difficult. All the remaining study types can be considered sub-cases of the longitudinal and cross-cultural study and consequently are covered by the proposed model. Three documentation models are proposed according to the different harmonization strategies examined. Finally, the different documentation models are integrated into one. All the models examined are drawn as entity relationship diagrams based on the harmonization methods that govern comparative research.
A Reliable Data Management Method for Parallel File System

One way of improving I/O performance is to carry out I/O operations in parallel, which is supported by parallel file systems. The data management techniques are very important to build a parallel file system with high performance and high reliability. A simple and efficient parallel file data management method was implemented. A fixed stripe size and redundant data placement technique was used. Experimental results showed that this method can improve the performance and the reliability of parallel file data.
Ethical Considerations for Therapists Working With Demographically Similar Clients

The increasing emphasis on multicultural competence within psychotherapy continues to highlight the need for being sensitive to key differences between therapist and client. However, this attunement to the psychotherapeutic impact of therapist–client differences may obscure the equally critical need to evaluate ethical problems associated with therapist–client similarities. It will be argued that therapists treating clients who are demographically similar to themselves encounter a unique set of ethical challenges that warrant careful consideration and caution precisely because of therapist–client matching. The extant research on matching therapists and clients based on demographic similarities is discussed, with a particular emphasis on psychotherapeutic outcomes and client preferences. Attention then turns to the nonrational heuristics and biases that can often cloud therapists’ ethical decision making regarding the appropriate uses versus contraindications for demographically matching therapists and clients. Within the discussion of nonrational heuristics and biases, suggestions are offered for managing related challenges for ethical decision making.
Searching for signs of extremism on the web: an introduction to Sentiment-based Identification of Radical Authors

ABSTRACT As violent extremists continue to surface in online discussion forums, law enforcement agencies search for new ways of uncovering their digital indicators. Researchers have both described and hypothesized a number of ways to detect online traces of potential extremists, yet this area of inquiry remains in its infancy. This study proposes a new search method that, through the analysis of sentiment, identifies the most radical users within online forums. Although this method is applicable to web-forums of any type, the method was evaluated on four Islamic forums containing approximately 1 million posts of its 26,000 unique users. Several characteristics of each user’s postings were examined, including their posting behavior and the content of their posts. The content was analyzed using Parts-Of-Speech tagging, sentiment analysis, and a novel algorithm called ‘Sentiment-based Identification of Radical Authors’, which accounts for a user’s percentile score for average sentiment score, volume of negative posts, severity of negative posts, and duration of negative posts. The results suggest that there is no simple typology that best describes radical users online; however, the method is flexible enough to evaluate several properties of a user’s online activity that can identify radical users on the forums.
A causal relationship model of ICT project managers' competencies: A multi-group analysis

This study applies competency theory to project management. The purpose of this study is to test for multi-group invariance of ICT project managers' competencies across two groups (low and high experience). The baseline model consisted of four latent variables: knowledge areas, technical and managerial skill, personal attributes, and efficiency of project management. The survey sample consisted of 335 project managers in companies within the ICT (Thailand) industry. SEM was used to analyze the causal relationship model; SPSS was employed for descriptive statistics. The baseline models were considered optimal for representing the data for low (χ2 = 114.15; df = 124; p = 0.73; GFI = 0.93; CFI = 1.00; RMSEA = 0.00; R2 = 0.77) and high (χ2 = 140.50; df = 124; p = 0.15; GFI = 0.92; CFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.02; R2 = 0.84) experience groups. The results for the overall model show that all indicators used to form the low and high experience models complied with goodness-of-fit criteria. The adjusted models were consistent with the empirical data. A summary of fit indices for five nested models for the multi-group analysis showed that the baseline model did not lead to a statistically significant change in the model fit. Thus, (1) the causal structural relationships model separately in each group (low and high experience) were consistent with the empirical data; (2) the baseline model complied with the criteria for goodness-of-fit and supported across the samples for both groups; (3) the chi-square test differences demonstrated the invariance of the factor loading, the regression weights among the latent variables, the variances of the latent variables, the variances of the structural latent variables, and the measurement residuals across the two groups; (4) a causal relationship model of ICT project managers' competencies fits the data equally well for the low and high experience samples; and (5) the assumption of an equivalent factor structure was supported across the low and high experience groups. Implications of the findings are discussed, and further studies are suggested.
Analytical Approach to the Local Contact Potential Difference on (001) Ionic Surfaces:~Implications for Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy

An analytical model of the electrostatic force between the tip of a non-contact Atomic Force Microscope (nc-AFM) and the (001) surface of an ionic crystal is reported. The model is able to account for the atomic contrast of the local contact potential difference (CPD) observed while nc-AFM-based Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) experiments. With the goal in mind to put in evidence this short-range electrostatic force, the Madelung potential arising at the surface of the ionic crystal is primarily derived. The expression of the force which is deduced can be split into two major contributions: the first stands for the coupling between the microscopic structure of the tip apex and the capacitor formed between the tip, the ionic crystal and the counter-electrode; the second term depicts the influence of the Madelung surface potential on the mesoscopic part of the tip, independently from its microscopic structure. These short-range electrostatic forces are in the range of ten pico-Newtons. When explicitly considering the crystal polarization, an analytical expression of the bias voltage to be applied on the tip to compensate for the local CPD, i.e. to cancel the short-range electrostatic force, is derived. The compensated CPD has the lateral periodicity of the Madelung surface potential. However, the strong dependence on the tip geometry, the applied modulation voltage as well as the tip-sample distance, which can even lead to an overestimation of the real surface potential, makes quantitative KPFM measurements of the local CPD extremely difficult.
3D face shape approximation from intensities using Partial Least Squares

In this paper, we apply partial least squares (PLS) regression to predict 3D face shape from a single image. PLS describes the relationship between independent (intensity images) and dependent (3D shape) variables by seeking directions in the space of the independent variables that are associated with high variations in the dependent variables. We exploit this idea to construct statistical models of intensity and 3D shape that express strongly linked variations in both spaces. The outcome of this decomposition is the construction of two different models which express coupled variations in 3D shape and intensity. Using the intensity model, a set of parameters is obtained from out-of-training intensity examples. These intensity parameters can then be used directly in the 3D shape model to approximate facial shape. Experiments show that prediction is achieved with reasonable accuracy.
A Case Study in Policy Delivery: Examining Social Inclusion through Interpretation and Practice

The current body of literature regarding social inclusion and the arts tends to focus on two areas: the lack of clear or common understanding of the terminology involved (GLLAM, 2000) and the difficulty in measuring impact (Newman 2001). Further, much of the literature traces the historical evolution of social inclusion policy within the arts from a political and social perspective (Belfiore & Bennett, 2007), whilst others examine the situation in the context of the museum as an institution more generally (Sandell, 2002b). Such studies are essential; however they only touch on the importance of understanding the context of social inclusion programmes. As each individual’s experience of exclusion (or inclusion) is argued to be different (Newman et al., 2005) and any experience is also process-based (SEU 2001), there is a need for more thorough examination of the processes underpinning project delivery (Butterfoss, 2006), particularly within a field that has its own issues of exclusion, such as the arts (Bourdieu & Darbel, 1991). This paper presents case study findings of a programme of contemporary arts participation for adults with learning difficulties based at an arts centre in Liverpool. By focusing on practice, the paper applies Wenger’s (1998) social theory of learning in order to assert that rather than search for measurable impacts, examining the delivery of programmes within their individual contexts will provide the basis for a more reflective practice and thus more effective policy making.
A robust and efficient anonymous authentication protocol in VANETs

Recently, Lu et al. proposed an efficient conditional privacy preservation protocol, named ECPP, based on group signature scheme for generating anonymous certificates from roadside units (RSUs). However, ECPP does not provide unlinkability and traceability when multiple RSUs are compromised. In this paper, we make up for the limitations and propose a robust and efficient anonymous authentication protocol without loss of efficiency as compared with ECPP. Furthermore, in the proposed protocol, RSUs can issue multiple anonymous certificates to an OBU to alleviate system overheads for mutual authentication between OBUs and RSUs. In order to achieve these goals, we consider a universal re-encryption scheme and identity-based key establishment scheme as our building blocks. Several simulations are conducted to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed protocol by comparing with those of the existing ECPP.
‘Family comes in all forms, blood or not’: disrupting dominant narratives around the patriarchal nuclear family

ABSTRACT After nearly 25 years of democracy, lives of young South Africans are still profoundly shaped by the legacies of apartheid. This paper considers how these differences are produced, maintained and disrupted through an exploration of changing narratives developed by a small group of South African pre-service teachers, with a particular focus on the narratives developed around discourses of fatherhood generally and absent fathers in particular. We draw on interviews conducted with three students in which we discussed their digital stories and literature reviews. In this paper, we draw attention to the limitations of digital storytelling and the risks such autobiographical storytelling presents of perpetuating dominant narratives that maintain and reproduce historical inequalities. At the same time, in highlighting ways in which this risk might be confronted, the paper also aims to show the possibilities in which these dominant narratives may be challenged.
Target Tracking Based on Connected Dominating Set in WSN

Target tracking application in WSN should solve the problem of target status sharing well. To overcome the shortages of DCTC and cluster-based method, method using connected dominating set based aggregation tree is introduced. According to whether node has the capability of locating, target status information can be shared in aggregation tree by broadcast or unicast. Because of the structure stability of aggregation tree, target can be continuously monitored while it shift between different coverage area of sensors. The target status reaches base station after step by step data fusion in the aggregation tree, which will greatly reduce redundant packets to save node energy.
The Enhancement of Arabic Stemming by Using Light Stemming and Dictionary-Based Stemming

Word stemming is one of the most important factors that affect the performance of many natural language processing applications such as part of speech tagging, syntactic parsing, machine translation system and information retrieval systems. Computational stemming is an urgent problem for Arabic Natural Language Processing, because Arabic is a highly inflected language. The existing stemmers have ignored the handling of multi-word expressions and identification of Arabic names. We used the enhanced stemming for extracting the stem of Arabic words that is based on light stemming and dictionary-based stemming approach. The enhanced stemmer includes the handling of multiword expressions and the named entity recognition. We have used Arabic corpus that consists of ten documents in order to evaluate the enhanced stemmer. We reported the accuracy values for the enhanced stemmer, light stemmer, and dictionary-based stemmer in each document. The results obtain shows that the average of accuracy in enhanced stemmer on the corpus is 96.29%. The experimental results showed that the enhanced stemmer is better than the light stemmer and dictionary-based stemmer that achieved highest accuracy values.
Should juries deliberate?

Abstract Trial by jury is a fundamental feature of democratic governance. But what form should jury decision-making take? I argue against the status quo system in which juries are encouraged and even required to engage in group deliberation as a means to reaching a decision. Jury deliberation is problematic for both theoretical and empirical reasons. On the theoretical front, deliberation destroys the independence of jurors’ judgments that is needed for certain attractive theoretical results. On the empirical front, we have evidence from both legal and non-legal contexts that group deliberation often leads to group judgments that are worse in a number of respects than judgments generated by non-interactional methods of judgment aggregation. Finally, I examine some possible alternatives to free-wheeling jury deliberation, including the constrained and structured deliberation embodied in the DELPHI method, voting (without deliberation), and averaging of probabilistic judgments.
Efficient Dynamic IPv 4 / IPv 6 Lookup Scheme Based on the Most Specific Prefixes

IP lookup schemes in Internet routers can be broadly classified into two categories: static and dynamic. While static schemes improve lookup speed and reduce memory requirement by using pre-computations, their drawback is that when prefixes are added or deleted, the entire data structure may need to be rebuilt and thus very slow. Dynamic schemes can perform fast prefix insertions and deletions in real time. In this paper, we develop a dynamic scheme called Most Specific Prefix Tree (MSPT). MSPT is a balanced binary search tree based on the most specific prefixes in the routing table. The prefixes other than the most specific ones are allocated to the enclosure sets of some nodes in MSPT. The worst-case time complexities of MSPT search, insertion, and deletion algorithms are O(logM), O(logM + W), and O(logM×logW), respectively, where M is the number of nodes in MSPT. However, in practice, the time complexities of the MSPT search, insertion, and deletion are all O(logM) because M is very close to the routing table size. Our IPv4/IPv6 experiments show that MSPT not only performs better than the existing dynamic and static schemes in update speed, but also better than the existing dynamic schemes in lookup speed.
Refined Spectral Template Models for Score Following

Score followers often use spectral templates for notes and chords to estimate the similarity between positions in the score and the incoming audio stream. Here, we propose two methods on different modelling levels to improve the quality of these templates, and subsequently the quality of the alignment. The ﬁrst method focuses on creating more informed templates for individual notes. This is achieved by estimating the template based on synthesised sounds rather than generic Gaussian mixtures, as used in current state-of-the-art systems. The second method introduces an advanced approach to aggregate individual note templates into spectral templates representing a speciﬁc score position. In contrast to score chordiﬁcation, the common procedure used by score followers to deal with polyphonic scores, we use weighting functions to weight notes, observing their temporal rela-tionships. We evaluate both methods against a dataset of classical piano music to show their positive impact on the alignment quality.
The entrapment/escorting mission for a multi-robot system: Theory and experiments

In this paper the problem of entrapping/escorting an autonomous target with a multi-robot system is presented. The proposed solution is based on the null-space-based behavioral control approach, that, by a suitable decomposition of the mission into elementary tasks, geometrically describes the concept of catching a target. The experimental results with the use of a platoon of 6 Khepera II mobile robots show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Moreover, an intentional failure of one of the robots is introduced in order to test the robustness and the dynamic scalability property of the proposed technique.
Effects of Radio Triggered Sensor MAC Protocol over Wireless Sensor Network

In this paper, we present a new medium access control (MAC) protocol called Radio Triggered Sensor MAC (RTM) protocol that is expected for the next generation sensor network. The proposed RTM is a cross-layer MAC protocol which utilizes the passive radio sensor hardware for efficient medium access. The passive radio sensors harvest the energy from the wireless signal and energize itself. The passive radio sensor is responsible for waking up the sleeping node. The sensor nodes stay in the sleep mode with their normal communication radio turned off. In order to communicate with neighboring sensor nodes, a wake-up signal is transmitted. This wake-up signal energizes the passive radio sensors waking up the sensor nodes. After the data communication, the sensor nodes are turned off. We compared RTM with Sensor MAC (S-MAC) protocol under various duty cycles through simulation in Network Simulator (ns-2). The simulation results show that RTM is 2 times energy efficient than S-MAC (with 20% duty cycle) at message period of 3 secs and 6 times at message period of 15 secs. Also, the latency of RTM is very close to the latency of S-MAC without duty cycle. This MAC protocol showing less energy consumption and faster data delivery features will be very valuable to specific applications such as wireless body area network (WBAN) and security monitoring system.