Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Degraded text recognition using word collocation

A relaxation-based algorithm is proposed that improves the performance of a text recognition technique by propagating the influence of word collocation statistics. Word collocation refers to the likelihood that two words co-occur within a fixed distance of one another. For example, in a story about water transportation, it is highly likely that the word `river' will occur within ten words on either side of the word `boat. ' The proposed algorithm receives groups of visually similar decisions (called neighborhoods) for words in a running text that are computed by a word recognition algorithm. The position of decisions within the neighborhoods are modified based on how often they co-occur with decisions in the neighborhoods of other nearby words. This process is iterated a number of times effectively propagating the influence of the collocation statistics across an input text. This improves on a strictly local analysis by allowing for strong collocations to reinforce weak (but related) collocations elsewhere. An experimental analysis is discussed in which the algorithm is applied to improving text recognition results that are less than 60% correct. The correct rate is effectively improved to 90% or better in all cases.
Heat tolerance in tomato

High temperature is the prevalent characteristic of subtropical and tropical regions and higher temperature has become an important limiting element for tomato production and yield. Although, tomato crops exhibit anatomical, morphological, physiological, phonological, and molecular responses to tackle with heat stress, but their reproductive stage and yields are extremely influenced by the high temperature. Various QTL’s, heat shock proteins, and genes were detected in terms of heat resistance in tomato however a few stress-resistant tomato varieties are developed through traditional breeding ways. This is because the complicatedness of heat resistant characteristics that may be handled by the activity of different genes whose expression patterns are induced by several environmental elements. Furthermore, resistance to heat stress is developmentally regulated, stage-special event and resistance at one step of crop improvement is sometimes not related to resistance at other growth steps. Therefore, to produce of tomato under heat stress successfully, resistance may be required at whole imperative steps of crop growth such as germination of seed, reproductive and vegetative steps. Recently, various molecular and classical markers for heat resistance were screened and MAS (Marker-Assisted Selection) may be applied to improve tolerance of tomato to heat stress via biotechnological and molecular methods. To study heat tolerance in tomato appropriately, this paper will be an appropriate material and will assist for future studies. [Faruq G, Zakaria HP, Arash N. Heat Tolerance in Tomato. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1936-1950] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 293
Opposing Roles of Leptin and Ghrelin in the Equine Corpus Luteum Regulation: An In Vitro Study

Metabolic hormones have been associated with reproductive function modulation. Thus, the aim of this study was: (i) to characterize the immunolocalization, mRNA and protein levels of leptin (LEP), Ghrelin (GHR) and respective receptors LEPR and Ghr-R1A, throughout luteal phase; and (ii) to evaluate the role of LEP and GHR on progesterone (P4), prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGF2α, nitric oxide (nitrite), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF); macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) secretion, and on angiogenic activity (BAEC proliferation), in equine corpus luteum (CL) from early and mid-luteal stages. LEPR expression was decreased in late CL, while GHR/Ghr-R1A system was increased in the same stage. Regarding secretory activity, GHR decreased P4 in early CL, but increased PGF2α, nitrite and TNF in mid CL. Conversely, LEP increased P4, PGE2, angiogenic activity, MIF, TNF and nitrite during early CL, in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro effect of LEP on secretory activity was reverted by GHR, when both factors acted together. The present results evidence the presence of LEP and GHR systems in the equine CL. Moreover, we suggest that LEP and GHR play opposing roles in equine CL regulation, with LEP supporting luteal establishment and GHR promoting luteal regression. Finally, a dose-dependent luteotrophic effect of LEP was demonstrated.
The Research and Implement of the Intelligent Parking Reservation Management System Based on ZigBee Technology

With the rapid development of economy and the improvement of city modernization level, traffic congestion and parking have become serious social problems due to the explosive growth of the per capita amount of vehicle. So this paper put forward the design and implementation of smart parking system trying to solve the parking problem. The bottom part of this system is composed of ZigBee network which sent pressure information to PC through a coordinator and then update database. The application layer can quickly get the parking information through the Internet, and use advantages of Webservice to gather all the scattered parking information to bring convenience to the people who want to get a parking position.
University ’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Preliminary results in tag disambiguation using DBpe-dia Conference Item

The availability of tag-based user-generated content for a variety of Web resources (music, photos, videos, text, etc.) has largely increased in the last years. Users can assign tags freely and then use them to share and retrieve information. However, tag-based sharing and retrieval is not optimal due to the fact that tags are plain text labels without an explicit or formal meaning, and hence polysemy and synonymy should be dealt with appropriately. To ameliorate these problems, we propose a context-based tag disambiguation algorithm that selects the meaning of a tag among a set of candidate DBpedia entries, using a common information retrieval similarity measure. The most similar DBpedia entry is selected as the one representing the meaning of the tag. We describe and analyze some preliminary results, and discuss about current challenges in this area.
Prefrontal Engagement during Source Memory Retrieval Depends on the Prior Encoding Task

The prefrontal cortex is strongly engaged by some, but not all, episodic memory tests. Prior work has shown that source recognition teststhose that require memory for conjunctions of studied attributesyield deficient performance in patients with prefrontal damage and greater prefrontal activity in healthy subjects, as compared to simple recognition tests. Here, we tested the hypothesis that there is no intrinsic relationship between the prefrontal cortex and source memory, but that the prefrontal cortex is engaged by the demand to retrieve weakly encoded relationships. Subjects attempted to remember object/color conjunctions after an encoding task that focused on object identity alone, and an integrative encoding task that encouraged attention to object/color relationships. After the integrative encoding task, the late prefrontal brain electrical activity that typically occurs in source memory tests was eliminated. Earlier brain electrical activity related to successful recognition of the objects was unaffected by the nature of prior encoding.
Berberine Protects Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells against LPS-Induced Apoptosis by Blocking JNK-Mediated Signaling

Endothelial dysfunction is a critical factor during the initiation of atherosclerosis. Berberine has a beneficial effect on endothelial function; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of berberine on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the molecular mechanisms mediating the effect. The effects of berberine on LPS-induced cell apoptosis and viability were measured with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine staining, flow cytometry, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. The expression and/or activation of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins or signaling pathways, including caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, were determined with western blotting. The malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and production of proinflammatory cytokines were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results demonstrated that berberine pretreatment protected HUVECs from LPS-induced apoptosis, attenuated LPS-induced injury, inhibited LPS-induced JNK phosphorylation, increased MCL-1 expression and SOD activity, and decreased proinflammatory cytokine production. The effects of berberine on LPS-treated HUVECs were prevented by SP600125, a JNK-specific inhibitor. Thus, berberine might be a potential candidate in the treatment of endothelial cell injury-related vascular diseases.
Report on the TREC 2003 Experiment: Genomic and Web Searches

Summary This year we took part in the genomic information retrieval and information extraction tasks, as well as the named page and topic distillation searches. In carrying out the last two tasks, we made use of link anchor information and document content in order to construct Web page representatives. This type of document representation uses multi-vectors to highlight the importance of both hyperlink and document content.
Partitioning the Threads of a Mobile System

In this paper, we show how thread partitioning helps in proving properties of mobile systems. Thread partitioning consists in gathering the threads of a mobile system into several classes. The partitioning criterion is left as a parameter of both the mobility model and the properties we are interested in. Then, we design a polynomial time abstract interpretation-based static analysis that counts the number of threads inside each partition class.
Climate change, adaptation, and phenotypic plasticity: the problem and the evidence

Many studies have recorded phenotypic changes in natural populations and attributed them to climate change. However, controversy and uncertainty has arisen around three levels of inference in such studies. First, it has proven difficult to conclusively distinguish whether phenotypic changes are genetically based or the result of phenotypic plasticity. Second, whether or not the change is adaptive is usually assumed rather than tested. Third, inferences that climate change is the specific causal agent have rarely involved the testing – and exclusion – of other potential drivers. We here review the various ways in which the above inferences have been attempted, and evaluate the strength of support that each approach can provide. This methodological assessment sets the stage for 11 accompanying review articles that attempt comprehensive syntheses of what is currently known – and not known – about responses to climate change in a variety of taxa and in theory. Summarizing and relying on the results of these reviews, we arrive at the conclusion that evidence for genetic adaptation to climate change has been found in some systems, but is still relatively scarce. Most importantly, it is clear that more studies are needed – and these must employ better inferential methods – before general conclusions can be drawn. Overall, we hope that the present paper and special issue provide inspiration for future research and guidelines on best practices for its execution.
A dual-weight recovery scheme in multi-domain optical network

A restoration scheme has been designed for multi-domain optical network, which solve the problem of resource conflict during fast rerouting. This scheme propose the concept of dual-weight recovery(DWR) for the first time. The DWR which use the path computation element (PCE), can optimize resource distribution in multi-domain network and provide priority of using resource for recovery. At the end of this paper, simulation result shows that DWR scheme has good performance in blocking probability.
MULTIRESOLUTION SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION FROM SCATTERED DATA BASED ON HYBRID MESHES

We present a novel technique to extract a multiresolution surface representation from a dense set of unorganized points within three dimensional space. Without utilization of additional connectivity or topological information our procedure is able to efficiently produce a precise and topologicaly correct reconstruction of the underlying model. Based on a hierarchical spatial partitioning scheme and regular and irregular mesh refinement techniques we obtain a hierarchical quadrilateral mesh datastructure which is known as Hybrid Mesh (HM). We start by constructing a simple quad-mesh whose faces aggregate the surface of the initial bounding voxel encapsulating the entire point cloud. Through the process of voxel refinement we simultaneously perform a combined regular-irregular mesh refinement whereas the considered quad-mesh is adapted to wrap the remaining non-empty subvoxels. We project the mesh vertices on planes obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) for each voxel. We provide numerical examples for reconstructions obtained by our method.
Distributed power allocation for next-generation cognitive wireless devices

It is foreseen that new cognitive wireless communications devices will incorporate multiple reconfigurable radios in the near future. In this paper, we concentrate on the problem of allocating the device power to the radios and we discuss the advantages of distributed approaches in front of centralized designs. Motivated by the scalability in the design and by the potential reduction of signalling information between the transceivers and the power controller, we develop a new power allocation algorithm that is based on a novel decomposition algorithm, called coupled-decompositions method. As a result, we reduce the signalling requirements by a factor 10 with respect to centralized approaches and by a factor 3 with respect to a classical primal decomposition approach. Furthermore, the resulting technique is expected to adapt faster and more robustly to changes in the scenario conditions.
Neural and behavioral investigations into timbre perception

Timbre is the attribute that distinguishes sounds of equal pitch, loudness and duration. It contributes to our perception and discrimination of different vowels and consonants in speech, instruments in music and environmental sounds. Here we begin by reviewing human timbre perception and the spectral and temporal acoustic features that give rise to timbre in speech, musical and environmental sounds. We also consider the perception of timbre by animals, both in the case of human vowels and non-human vocalizations. We then explore the neural representation of timbre, first within the peripheral auditory system and later at the level of the auditory cortex. We examine the neural networks that are implicated in timbre perception and the computations that may be performed in auditory cortex to enable listeners to extract information about timbre. We consider whether single neurons in auditory cortex are capable of representing spectral timbre independently of changes in other perceptual attributes and the mechanisms that may shape neural sensitivity to timbre. Finally, we conclude by outlining some of the questions that remain about the role of neural mechanisms in behavior and consider some potentially fruitful avenues for future research.
Linguistic experience and productivity : corpus evidence for fine-grained distinctions

Morphological productivity (roughly: the readiness with which a word formation process forms new words) has long been one of the central mysteries of morphology. There are many detailed qualitative descriptions of word formation processes that list the restrictions for the possible bases for an affix (like the restriction that -able attaches to verbs in English) or the restrictions on a given compounding process (like the fact that noun-noun compounding in German is recursive while noun-verb compounding is not). Most of these works are not concerned with productivity or equate productivity simply with type frequency (see for example the standard descriptive works for German word formation Kühnhold, Putzer & Wellmann 1978, Fleischer & Barz 1992).
Texture classification using Curvelet Statistical and Co-occurrence Features

Texture classification has long been an important research topic in image processing. Now a days classification based on wavelet transform is being very popular. Wavelets are very effective in representing objects with isolated point singularities, but failed to represent line singularities. Recently, ridgelet transform which deal effectively with line singularities in 2D is introduced. But images often contain curves rather than straight lines, so curvelet transform is designed to handle it. It allows representing edges and other singularities along lines in a more efficient way when compared with other transforms. In this paper, the issue of texture classification based on curvelet transform has been analyzed. Curvelet statistical features (CSFs) and curvelet co-occurrence features (CCFs) are derived from the sub-bands of the curvelet decomposition and are used for classification. Experimental results show that this approach allows obtaining high degree of success rate in classification
Identification and characterization of alpine subglacial lakes using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR): Brady Glacier, Alaska, USA

Abstract The temporary storage and subsequent release of water at glacial margins can cause severe flooding in downstream areas and substantially impact glacier dynamics. Alpine subglacial lakes may not be identified until they become subaerially exposed or release a jokulhlaup. We use interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) to identify and characterize three dynamic alpine subglacial lakes of Brady Glacier, Alaska, USA. We quantify changes in vertical displacement of the glacier surface and lake volumes from September 1995 through March 1996 using European Remote-sensing Satellite-1/-2 (ERS- 1/-2) tandem data. In the autumn, subsidence ranged from 4 to 26cmd-1 and the volume of water discharged ranged from 22 000 ± 2000 to 243 000 ± 14 000m3d-1. Subsidence and discharge rates declined significantly during the winter and continued at a lesser rate through March. Application of this technique may allow researchers to locate alpine subglacial lakes years or decades before they begin to release hazardous outburst floods and substantially impact glacier dynamics.
View Interpolation using Defocused Multi-View Images

—This paper presented a view interpolation method for reconstructing intermediate all-in-focus images between de-focused stereo images of a scene consisting of two depths. In the presented method, the novel view can be reconstructed as a sum of the ﬁltered stereo images. The reconstruction ﬁlter was derived as a stable and linear space-invariant one; thus the presented method does not require region segmentation. The presented method can also reconstruct dense light ﬁeld from multi-view images with different foci, so that free viewpoint images can be generated with better quality.
Somatic Embryogenesis and Genetic Fidelity Study of the Micropropagated Medicinal Species, Canna indica

Canna indica Linn. (Cannaceae) is used both as medicine and food. Traditionally, various parts of C. indica are exploited to treat blood pressure, dropsy, fever, inflammatory diseases etc. However, to date there is no reliable micropropagation protocol for C. indica. We present here a regeneration technique C. indica with banana micropropagation medium (BM). BM supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.7% agar, and 0.17% NH4NO3 and different plant growth regulators like BAP (2 mg∙L−1) and NAA (0.5 mg∙L−1) was found to be effective in inducing callus. BM with BAP (2 mg∙L−1) was ideal for somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration. After a period of 3 months, regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to the field conditions. Appearance of somaclonal variation among the regenerated plants is a common problem which was assessed by DNA fingerprinting. To detect genetic fidelity in C. indica, RAPD and ISSR markers were employed. Ten RAPD primers produced 60 amplicons, while 7 ISSR primers generated 45 bands in both in vitro plantlets and mother plants. RAPD and ISSR analyses showed no evidence of polymorphism between parent plants and the regenerated plants as all the amplified products were found to be monomorphic.
Signal processing subsystem validation for T-wave alternans estimation

Since alternans phenomena in the cardiac repolarization have been shown to be related to arrhythmogenesis, a number of sophisticated methods have been proposed to detect and estimate microvolt T-Wave Alternans (TWA). However, their robustness with respect to the inclusion and tuning of the processing stages has not always been analyzed and quantified in detail. We propose a procedure based on bootstrap techniques to study the effect of some relevant preprocessing stages in a TWA estimation system. A controled data base was obtained by adding noise and TWA to control ECG signals. Several experiments were performed, each one to evaluate the influence of one characteristic of a processing stage in the whole TWA estimation system. For the analysis, different statistics (median, confidence interval width, and power) were obtained for the TWA amplitude estimation errors. It can be concluded that interactions among different preprocessing subsystems are complex, not always completely characterized, and small variations can affect significantly to the overall performance of the detection system.
NMR evidence of a sharp change in a measure of local order in deeply supercooled confined water

Using NMR, we measure the proton chemical shift δ, of supercooled nanoconfined water in the temperature range 195 K < T < 350 K. Because δ is directly connected to the magnetic shielding tensor, we discuss the data in terms of the local hydrogen bond geometry and order. We argue that the derivative −(∂ ln δ/∂T)P should behave roughly as the constant pressure specific heat CP(T), and we confirm this argument by detailed comparisons with literature values of CP(T) in the range 290–370 K. We find that −(∂ ln δ/∂T)P displays a pronounced maximum upon crossing the locus of maximum correlation length at ≈240 K, consistent with the liquid-liquid critical point hypothesis for water, which predicts that CP(T) displays a maximum on crossing the Widom line.
A Global Fit to Scattering Data with NLL BFKL Resummations

We perform a global parton fit to DIS and related data, including next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) BFKL resummations in both the massless and massive sectors. The resummed fit improves over a standard next-to-leading order (NLO) DGLAP fit, with a positive definite gluon at the input scale as opposed to the negative gluon seen at NLO. Furthermore, the predicted longitudinal structure function is free of perturbative instability at small x, and the reduced cross-section shows a turnover at high y (absent in the NLO fit) consistent with the HERA data.