Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
P504S Immunohistochemical Detection in 405 Prostatic Specimens Including 376 18-Gauge Needle Biopsies

P504S is a recently described, prostate cancer-specific gene that encodes a protein involved in the beta-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids. A recent study has shown that immunohistochemical detection of P504S gene product is a sensitive and specific marker of prostatic carcinoma in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. We performed a detailed analysis of P504S protein expression in a large series of prostate and bladder specimens with special emphasis on staining in specific morphologic patterns of prostatic adenocarcinoma, posthormonal and radiation therapy cases, and invasive urothelial carcinoma. A total of 366 prostate needle core biopsies from 124 patients with prostate cancer, 10 biopsies from 2 patients without prostate cancer, 28 prostatectomy specimens (16 with specific morphologic patterns, 7 posthormonal therapy and 5 postradiation therapy specimens), 5 bladder specimens with invasive urothelial carcinoma, and a single transurethral resection specimen from a patient with hormonally treated prostate cancer and invasive urothelial carcinoma were stained with P504S monoclonal antibody at a 1:250 dilution using standard heat-induced epitope retrieval and avidin-biotin technique. Extent (0, no staining; 1+, 1–10% staining; 2+, 11–50% staining; 3+, ≥51% staining) and location (luminal, subluminal, and diffuse cytoplasmic) of immunoreactivity in carcinoma and benign tissues were recorded. A total of 153 of 186 biopsies (82%) with prostatic adenocarcinoma stained for P504S. Pseudohyperplastic, atrophic, ductal, and mucinous prostatic carcinomas stained similarly, as did cases treated with hormone or radiotherapy. In 81 of 377 (21%) foci of benign prostatic tissue there was staining that was almost always focal, faint, and noncircumferential. Seminal vesicles did not stain for P504S. Five of six (83%) specimens with invasive urothelial carcinoma had 2+ staining and one case had focal staining. We conclude that immunohistochemistry for P504S has potential utility in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, including those treated by hormones and radiation. Circumferential luminal to subluminal and diffuse cytoplasmic staining is the most specific staining pattern for prostatic carcinoma and is almost never associated with benign prostatic tissue. However, a negative P504S immunostain does not automatically rule out prostate cancer, as 18% of cases were negative. Additionally, occasional benign glands, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, and urothelial carcinoma may express P504S. Therefore, we think that P504S is best used only in conjunction with strict light microscopic correlation and preferably with high molecular weight cytokeratin immunostaining.
Toward a Political Theory of Philanthropy

The practice of philanthropy and charity is as old as humanity. People have been giving away their money, property, and time to others for millennia. What’s novel about the contemporary practice is the availability of tax incentives to give money away. The charitable contributions deduction in the United States is less than one hundred years old, created by the U.S. Congress in 1917 shortly after the institution of a system of federal income taxation in 1913. Contemporary practice, in which philanthropy is structured by a regulatory framework of incentives, is not the norm but the historical anomaly. Previously, the state protected the liberty of people to make donations of money and property but did not provide incentives for doing so. A natural question arises: why do we have such incentives and what is their justification in a liberal democracy?
GmWRKY53, a water- and salt-inducible soybean gene for rapid dissection of regulatory elements in BY-2 cell culture

Drought is the major cause of crop losses worldwide. Water stress-inducible promoters are important for understanding the mechanisms of water stress responses in crop plants. Here we utilized tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) cell system in presence of polyethylene glycol, salt and phytohormones. Extension of the system to 85 mM NaCl led to inducibility of up to 10-fold with the water stress and salt responsive soybean GmWRKY53 promoter. Upon ABA and JA treatment fold inducibility was up to 5-fold and 14-fold, respectively. Thus, we hypothesize that GmWRKY53 could be used as potential model candidate for dissecting drought regulatory elements as well as understanding crosstalk utilizing a rapid heterologous system of BY-2 culture.
The function of coreceptor as a basis for the kinetic dissection of HIV type 1 envelope protein‐mediated cell fusion

The function of HIV‐1 HXB2 envelope (Env) glycoprotein (gp) was investigated by surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence imaging techniques. Strikingly, it was found that gp120 shedding requires the presence of the X4 coreceptor. A similar coreceptor requirement was observed for the membrane mixing and the Env recruitment on the cell surface. However, exposure and membrane penetration of the fusion peptide do not require X4 and occur within the first minute after incubation of Env with CD4 and/or X4. Analogously X4 was not required but enhanced binding of the fusion inhibitor. In contrast, bundle formation of the gp41 ectodomain, as monitored by NC‐1, was accelerated by the presence of X4. The kinetics of these key post‐Env binding events as determined in real time by fluorescence microscopic imaging, coupled with the differential coreceptor requirement, led to the proposition that gp120 shedding, which takes place from 1 to 10 min after engagement of receptor and coreceptor to Env, is a primary function of the coreceptor. The shedding of the surface subunits is needed for the subsequent processes including hemi‐fusion, full fusion, and Env recruitment. The temporal order of these fusogenic steps allows construction of a refined model on the Env‐mediated cell fusion event. Chien M. ‐P., Jiang, S. , Chang D. ‐K. The function of coreceptor as a basis for the kinetic dissection of HIV type 1 Env‐mediated cell fusion. FASEB J. 22, 1179–1192 (2008)
Analysis of Parallel Operation of Uninterruptible Power Supplies Loaded Through Long Wiring Cables

This paper discusses and analyses the parallel operation of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) when loaded through long wiring cables having non-negligible inductance and resistance. This scenario is often encountered in practice, as the UPS power supplies are often located far from each other and from the load they are actually powering. The analysis demonstrates how long cable connections between the power supply system and the load deeply modify the behavior of the single UPS unit. It is shown how the cable inductance interacts with the UPS closed-loop output impedance modifying the control loop gain, ultimately generating resonance phenomena, which deteriorate or even compromise system stability and performances, if suitable provisions are not taken at the design stage. Experimental results carried out on two paralleled three phase, 40 kVA UPS units based on voltage-source inverters topologies confirm the validity of the theoretical discussion and the practical relevance of the phenomenon.
1.28-Tb/s Demultiplexing of an OTDM DPSK Data Signal Using a Silicon Waveguide

This letter demonstrates optical demultiplexing of a 1.28-Tb/s serial differential phase-shift-keying data signal using a nano-engineered silicon waveguide. We first present error-free performance at 640 Gb/s and then at 1.28 Tb/s with characterization of all 128 channels. Bit-error rates below 10-9 are achieved for some channels and below forward-error-correction limit for all channels, corresponding to a 1.19-Tb/s error-free data signal.
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Multiple effects of nitric oxide (NO) were revealed on the inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by a macrophage-like cell line, RAW 264.7 cells, treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). NO-generating reagent, N-ethyl-2-(1-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazino)ethanamine (NOC 12), inhibited the release of PG from cells with LPS treatment at higher concentrations although it stimulated the release at 50 microM. PGH synthase (PGHS) activity in the microsome fraction of the LPS-treated cells was inhibited by (+/-)-(E)-methyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-6-methoxy-3-hexeneamine (NOR 1), another NO-generating reagent, dose dependently. NOC 12 also dose dependently inhibited PG synthesis from exogenous arachidonic acid in those cells. On the other hand, NOC 12 increased PGHS-2 mRNA, while it increased the PGHS-2 protein at concentrations lower than 200 microM or decreased it at higher concentrations. These results suggest that the effect of NO on PGs synthesis in LPS-treated macrophage cells is mainly due to the balance of its stimulations of the transcriptional and/or translational expression of PGHS-2 and the inhibition of the induced PGHS-2 activity.
Absolute Positioning Instruments for Odometry System Integrated with Gyroscope by Using IKF

In this paper, absolute positioning instrument using trilateration ultrasonic sensor is mainly proposed to estimate absolute position errors combined with estimated position and orientation from differential odometry integrated with gyroscope to calculate absolute position of mobile robot. In the method, the indirect Kalman filter is mainly used to estimate absolute position errors and the estimated errors are fed back to odometry system, and also estimates some parameter errors to correct encoder and gyroscope error. The simulation and experiment results show the estimated position and orientation of odometry system integrated with gyroscope, systematic errors of encoder and gyroscope and absolute position from trilateration ultrasonic sensor compared with odometry system integrated with gyroscope. Keywordsabsolute positioning, indirect Kalman filter, odometry system, trilateration ultrasonic sensor.
FURTHER ASSESSMENT OF AN IN VITRO SCREEN THAT MAY HELP IDENTIFY ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES THAT ARE MORE ACUTELY TOXIC TO THE YOUNG

Some, but not all, organophosphorus pesticides are more acutely toxic to the young as compared to adults. We have developed an in vitro assay that measures the detoxification potential (via carboxylesterase and A-esterases) of tissues. Previous results using this in vitro screen correlated with the marked in vivo sensitivity of the young to chlorpyrifos and also correlated with the equal sensitivity of the young and adult to methamidophos (Padilla et al., 2000). We have now extended these observations to two other pesticides that have already been shown in the literature to be more toxic to the young: parathion (paraoxon) and malathion (malaoxon). In our in vitro assay, liver or plasma from 7-d-old rats were much less efficacious than adult tissues at detoxification of the active metabolites of these two pesticides. Using our in vitro assay we also tested the active metabolite of diazinon, diazoxon, and again found that young liver or plasma possessed much less detoxification capability than adult tissues. From these results, we predicted that young animals would be more sensitive to diazinon, which, in fact, was the case: When postnatal day (PND) 17 or adult rats were given a dosage of 75 mg/kg diazinon, adult brain cholinesterase (ChE) was only inhibited 38%, while the brain ChE in the PND 17 animals showed much more inhibition (75%). We conclude that our in vitro screen may prove to be a useful, quick, convenient test for identifying which organophosphorus pesticides may be more acutely toxic to the young as compared to adults.
FF control of CSI fed AC drives by WAN

In this paper a new control strategy for induction motor drives fed by CSI (Current Source Inverter) is proposed. A multivariable state feedback as well as FF (feed forward) control is applied for fast regulation and stability of the drive system. The design of the state feedback controller is based on the application of the pole assignment technique of industrial regulation theory to a dq axis state space linearised model of the drive and includes a reduced order observer to obtain faster dynamic response. The observer is designed to reconstruct the inaccessible states such as dq axis rotor currents from the knowledge of the system inputs and outputs. The hardware and software implementation of the controller around an inexpensive 8051 based microcontroller kit, controlled by WAN/wLAN is discussed. The simulation results for step changes in references and load torque show the possible improvement in response with the addition of feed forward control.
Estimating Regional Matching Efficiency in the Indian Labor Market: State-Level Panel Data for 1999-2013

We analyze state-level matching efficiency in the Indian labor market using stochastic frontier analysis. The key contribution of this research is the estimation of matching efficiency at the state level because the estimates can be used for a state-level measure of labor market conditions. Next, we explore the relation between estimated matching efficiency and population density (or labor market flexibility). The results show that matching efficiency is heterogeneous across states with considerable variation in accordance with the regional diversity in India. However, we find that there is no relationship between the estimated matching efficiency and the well-known labor market conditions of interest. The correlations are either close to zero or not statistically significant, suggesting that other regional diversity may affect matching efficiency in India.
Widespread Distribution of a Group I Intron and Its Three Deletion Derivatives in the Lysin Gene of Streptococcus thermophilus Bacteriophages

ABSTRACT Of 62 Streptococcus thermophilus bacteriophages isolated from various ecological settings, half contain a lysin gene interrupted by a group IA2 intron. Phage mRNA splicing was demonstrated. Five phages possess a variant form of the intron resulting from three distinct deletion events located in the intron-harbored open reading frame (orf 253). The predicted orf 253 gene sequence showed a significantly lower GC content than the surrounding intron and lysin gene sequences, and the predicted protein shared a motif with endonucleases found in phages from both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. A comparison of the phage lysin genes revealed a clear division between intron-containing and intron-free alleles, leading to the establishment of a 14-bp consensus sequence associated with intron possession. The conserved intron was not found elsewhere in the phage or S. thermophilusbacterial genomes. Folding of the intron RNA revealed secondary structure elements shared with other phage introns: first, a 38-bp insertion between regions P3 and P4 that can be folded into two stem-loop structures (shared with introns from Bacillusphage SPO1 and relatives); second, a conserved P7.2 region (shared with all phage introns); third, the location of the stop codon from orf 253 in the P8 stem (shared with coliphage T4 and Bacillus phage SPO1 introns); fourth, orf 253, which has sequence similarity with the H-N-H motif of putative endonuclease genes found in introns fromLactococcus, Lactobacillus, andBacillus phages.
Simulation-Based Performance Analysis of Multicast Transmissions in an 802.11g WLAN

Multicasting at the data link layer is an efficient way for sending data to a group of receivers. IEEE 802.11 has become the de facto standard for wireless LAN. This paper focuses on the throughput versus distance analysis of multicast transmissions in an 802.11g network. Using an accurate simulation model for the MAC and PHY layer, we show that the default transmit mode is not an efficient choice under certain circumstances. UDP transmissions with data payloads close to the maximum transmit unit and transmissions carrying small amounts of data are investigated under different transmission modes and channel models. Simulations have shown that there are several alternatives to Mode 1, which is the default mode for multicast transmissions, when the receivers are not far from the transmitting station.
A randomized, community trial of intensive sexually transmitted disease control for AIDS prevention, Rakai, Uganda

Objective:To describe the design and first-round survey results of a trial of intensive sexually transmitted disease (STD) control to reduce HIV-1 incidence. Study design:Randomized, controlled, community-based trial in Rakai District, Uganda. Methods:In this ongoing study, 56 communities were grouped into 10 clusters designed to encompass social/sexual networks; clusters within blocks were randomly assigned to the intervention or control arm. Every 10 months, all consenting resident adults aged 15–59 years are visited in the home for interview and sample collection (serological sample, urine, and, in the case of women, self-administered vaginal swabs). Sera are tested for HIV-1, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomonas and bacterial vaginosis. Following interview, all consenting adults are offered directly observed, single oral dose treatment (STD treatment in the intervention arm, anthelminthic and iron-folate in the control arm). Treatment is administered irrespective of symptoms or laboratory testing (mass treatment strategy). Both arms receive identical health education, condom and serological counseling services. Results:In the first home visit round, the study enrolled 5834 intervention and 5784 control arm subjects. Compliance with interview, sample collection and treatment was high in both arms (over 90%). Study arm populations were comparable with respect to sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, and baseline HIV and STD rates. The latter were high: 16.9% of all subjects were HIV-positive, 10.0% had syphilis, and 23.8% of women had trichomonas and 50.9% had bacterial vaginosis. Conclusions:Testing the effects of STD control on AIDS prevention is feasible in this Ugandan setting.
Spectrum of NAFLD and diagnostic implications of the proposed new normal range for serum ALT in obese women

The upper limit of normal for ALT activity has been recommended to be lowered to ≤30 U/L in men and ≤19 U/L in women. These changes have been suggested to be diagnostically useful in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and spectrum of NAFLD with regard to the new ALT guidelines in 233 women with class II/III obesity. We compared our prior reference range for ALT (ULN ≤ 30 U/L in women) with the new standard. Our study demonstrates that only 86 patients (36.9%) would be classified as having normal ALT levels compared with 169 patients (72.5%) by the new and old standards, respectively. In patients with normal ALT activity (new vs. old standard), the prevalence of fatty liver (FL: 39.5% vs 40.2%), portal fibrosis, and steatosis (IPF: 37.2% vs. 33.7%) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH: 23.3% vs. 26%) were similar. In comparison, newly defined patients with elevated ALT levels (>19 U/L) demonstrated an increased prevalence of FL (36%) and IPF (11.6%) but a 23.8% decrease in the prevalence of NASH as compared with the old standard. The sensitivity and specificity for NASH were 42% and 80% (ALT > 30 U/L) compared with 74% and 42% (ALT > 19 U/L). In conclusion, a significant increase in the prevalence of FL and IPF is detected in subjects with elevated ALT levels with the application of the new standard. However, the diagnostic utility for ALT to identify NASH or IPF remains poor, and significant healthcare expenditures may be incurred if this standard is adopted. (HEPATOLOGY 2005.)
Haptic glove for finger rehabilitation

The impairment of the fingers is one of the main problems that prevents patients performing their daily activities. Researchers have used virtual environment combined with haptic feedback to improve the strength of the fingers. In this study, we design and implement a cost-effective, light, and easy to use haptic glove that helps patients in their rehabilitation program. The virtual environment are consisted of two exergames namely, squeezing a ball game, and raising a cup game. The system is tested on 20 healthy subjects for four days. Since the preliminary results have shown a general acceptance of the proposed system by the users, we can assume that there is a clear potential for haptic feedback to improve the overall performance of the users.
New variables for measuring joint space width to evaluate knee osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND Assessing the radiographic features of knee osteoarthritis (OA), especially joint space narrowing, is important for evaluating disease progression. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze joint space narrowing by measuring 2 new variables: the average joint space width (aJSW) and the articulate angle (AA) on X-ray films, and to evaluate the relationship between the 2 variables, knee function and OA symptoms. METHODS Using the web-based radiology viewer (Cedara I-Reach™ 4.1.1), we measured the 2 variables in 50 knees of 41 patients with knee OA participating in the Shanghai OA Study. We also evaluated the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC), and additional questionnaire in OA knees. The study was approved by the ethics committee of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital (No. 2009 - 28). RESULTS The aJSW correlated with the K-L grade (r = -0.57, P < 0.001), kneeling (r = -0.29, P = 0.04), sitting cross-legged on the floor (r = -0.31, P = 0.03), WOMAC pain (r = -0.31, P = 0.03), WOMAC disability (r = -0.35, P = 0.01), pain while squatting (r = -0.37, P = 0.01), and defecating in a squatting position (r = -0.39, P = 0.01). The AA correlated with defecating in a squatting position (r = 0.29, P = 0.05), WOMAC disability (r = 0.30, P = 0.04) and K-L grade (r = 0.44, P = 0.003). The K-L grade also correlated with pain while squatting (r = -0.40, P = 0.005) and defecating in a squatting position (r = -0.34, P = 0.02), WOMAC pain (r = 0.30, P = 0.04), and WOMAC disability (r = 0.30, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The aJSW closely correlated with knee OA symptoms and function scores, and was more sensitive to knee OA related disabilities than K-L grade and the AA. The aJSW could be used as a new variable for knee OA evaluation.
A Computational Study of Vertical Partial-Gate Carbon-Nanotube FETs

A vertical partial-gate carbon-nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistor (FET), which is amenable to the vertical CNT growth process and offers the potential for a parallel CNT array channel, is simulated using a self-consistent atomistic approach. We show that the underlap between the gate and the bottom electrode (required for isolation between electrodes) is advantageous for transistor operation because it suppresses ambipolar conduction. A vertical CNTFET with a gate length that covers only 1/6 of the channel length has a much smaller minimum leakage current than the one without underlap while maintaining comparable on current. Both n-type and p-type transistor operations with balanced performance metrics can be achieved on a single partial-gate FET by using proper bias schemes. Even with a gate underlap, it is demonstrated that increasing the CNT diameter still leads to a simultaneous increase of on current and minimum leakage current. Along with a partial gate, the simulated transistor features a significant amount of air between the surface of the channel CNT and the gate insulator, as is caused by the vertical CNT growth process. Filling this pore with a high-kappa insulator is shown to have the potential to decrease the on current due to electrostatic phenomena at the source-channel contact.