Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rayleigh scattering cross-section redward of Lyα by atomic hydrogen

We present a low-energy expansion of the Kramers-Heisenberg formula for atomic hydrogen in terms of ω/ω 1 , where ω 1 and ω are the angular frequencies corresponding to the Lyman limit and the incident radiation, respectively. The leading term is proportional to (ω/ω 1 ) 4 , which admits a well-known classical interpretation. With higher-order terms, we achieve accuracy with errors less than 4 per cent of the scattering cross-sections in the region ω/ω 1 ≤ 0.6. In the neighbouring region around Lya (ω/ω 1 > 0.6), we also present an explicit expansion of the Kramers-Heisenberg formula in terms of Δω≡(ω - ω Lyα )/ω Lyα . The accuracy with errors less than 4 per cent can be attained for ω/ω 1 ≥ 0.6 with the expansion up to the fifth order of Δω. We expect that these formulae will be usefully applied to the radiative transfer in high neutral column density regions, including the Gunn-Peterson absorption troughs and Rayleigh scattering in the atmospheres of giants.
Large-Scale Screen for Modifiers of Ataxin-3-Derived Polyglutamine-Induced Toxicity in Drosophila

Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases represent a neuropathologically heterogeneous group of disorders. The common theme of these disorders is an elongated polyQ tract in otherwise unrelated proteins. So far, only symptomatic treatment can be applied to patients suffering from polyQ diseases. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms underlying polyQ-induced toxicity are largely unknown. To gain insight into polyQ pathology, we performed a large-scale RNAi screen in Drosophila to identify modifiers of toxicity induced by expression of truncated Ataxin-3 containing a disease-causing polyQ expansion. We identified various unknown modifiers of polyQ toxicity. Large-scale analysis indicated a dissociation of polyQ aggregation and toxicity.
Large tagset labeling using Feed Forward Neural Networks. Case study on Romanian Language

Standard methods for part-of-speech tagging suffer from data sparseness when used on highly inflectional languages (which require large lexical tagset inventories). For this reason, a number of alternative methods have been proposed over the years. One of the most successful methods used for this task, FDOOHG�7LHUHG�7DJJLQJ��7XIL�, 1999), exploits a reduced set of tags derived by removing several recoverable features from the lexicon morpho-syntactic descriptions. A second phase is aimed at recovering the full set of morpho-syntactic features. In this paper we present an alternative method to Tiered Tagging, based on local optimizations with Neural Networks and we show how, by properly encoding the input sequence in a general Neural Network architecture, we achieve results similar to the Tiered Tagging methodology, significantly faster and without requiring extensive linguistic knowledge as implied by the previously mentioned method.
Polydopamine-Assisted Surface Modification for Bone Biosubstitutes

Polydopamine (PDA) prepared in the form of a layer of polymerized dopamine (DA) in a weak alkaline solution has been used as a versatile biomimetic surface modifier as well as a broadly used immobilizing macromolecule. This review mainly discusses the progress of biomaterial surface modification inspired by the participation of PDA in bone tissue engineering. A comparison between PDA-assisted coating techniques and traditional surface modification applied to bone tissue engineering is first presented. Secondly, the chemical composition and the underlying formation mechanism of PDA coating layer as a unique surface modifier are interpreted and discussed. Furthermore, several typical examples are provided to evidence the importance of PDA-assisted coating techniques in the construction of bone biosubstitutes and the improvement of material biocompatibility. Nowadays, the application of PDA as a superior surface modifier in multifunctional biomaterials is drawing tremendous interests in bone tissue scaffolds to promote the osteointegration for bone regeneration.
The FbaB‐type fibronectin‐binding protein of Streptococcus pyogenes promotes specific invasion into endothelial cells

Invasive serotype M3 Streptococcus pyogenes are among the most frequently isolated organisms from patients suffering from invasive streptococcal disease and have the potential to invade primary human endothelial cells (EC) via a rapid and efficient mechanism. FbaB protein, the fibronectin‐binding protein expressed by M3 S. pyogenes, was herein identified as a potent invasin for EC. By combining heterologous gene expression with allelic replacement, we demonstrate that FbaB is essential and sufficient to trigger EC invasion via a Rac1‐dependent phagocytosis‐like uptake. FbaB‐mediated uptake follows the classical endocytic pathway with lysosomal destination. FbaB is demonstrated to be a streptococcal invasin exhibiting EC tropism. FbaB thus initiates a process that may contribute to the deep tissue tropism and spread of invasive S. pyogenes isolates into the vascular EC lining.
Discourses of Writing and Learning to Write

This paper presents a meta-analysis of theory and research about writing and writing pedagogy, identifying six discourses – configurations of beliefs and practices in relation to the teachingof writing. It introduces and explainsa framework for the analysis of educational data about writing pedagogy in which the connections are drawn across viewsof language,viewsof writing,views oflearningtowrite,approachestotheteach-ing of writing, and approaches to the assessment of writing. The framework can be used for identifying discourses of writing in data such as policy documents, teaching and learning materials,recordings of pedagogic practice, interviews and focus groups with teachers and learners, and media coverage of literacy education. The paper also proposes that, while there are tensions and contradictions among these discourses, a comprehensive writing pedagogy might integrate teaching approaches from all six.
Draco: A Failure of the Tidal Model

We test whether the structural properties of the nearby dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy Draco, a well-studied Milky Way companion, can be reconciled with the suggestion that dSphs are unbound tidal remnants with a large depth extent along the line of sight. In order to apply the observational test of this hypothesis, suggested by Klessen & Zhao, we use public photometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to explore the width of Draco's blue horizontal branch over a range of areas covering 0.06-6.25 deg2 centered on Draco. The SDSS database is the only currently existing database with sufficient depth and area coverage to permit a stringent test of the tidal models. Blue horizontal branch stars were chosen as tracers of Draco's spatial extent and depth because of their low contamination by Galactic foreground stars and since they have a spatially more extended distribution than the more centrally concentrated red horizontal branch stars. Indeed, we show that blue horizontal branch stars extend beyond the previously inferred limiting radii of Draco, consistent with the observed absence of a truncated stellar surface density profile of this dSph (Odenkirchen et al.). Following the method of Klessen & Kroupa, we calculate new models for a galaxy without dark matter, using Draco's morphological properties as constraints. The resulting models are unable to reproduce the narrow observed horizontal branch width of Draco, which stays roughly constant regardless of the field of view. We conclude that Draco cannot be the remnant of a tidally disrupted satellite but is probably strongly dark matter-dominated, as suggested independently by the structural analysis conducted by Odenkirchen et al. and by the kinematic analysis of Kleyna et al.
Trade-offs between growth and mortality and the maintenance of individual variation in growth

Trade-offs between growth and mortality can occur for a variety of reasons. These include foraging and predation risk, growth and mature function, growth and somatic development, growth and immune function, or growth and resistance to physiological stressors. We use a simple life-history model to show how individual trade-offs between growth and mortality can lead to the maintenance of individual variation in growth rates through nearly equal fitness (solution of the Euler-Lotka equation) for individuals growing at different rates. We explore these consequences for the relationships between other life-history variables.
CPSC 542b Project Literature Review

Diesel fuel is stored in a first fuel tank, while water is stored in a second fuel tank. To use an emulsion fuel, diesel fuel and water are mixed and are caused to enter an injection pipe through a junction located between an injection pump and an injection nozzle. The emulsion fuel is injected through the injection nozzle. The engine is also equipped with exhaust gas recirculation devices to return a portion of the exhaust gas of the engine to an intake pipe of the engine so that some of the exhaust gas is recirculated.
Spectroscopic evidence for NAT, STS, and ice in MIPAS infrared limb emission measurements of polar stratospheric clouds

We have analyzed mid-infrared limb-emission measurements of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) during the Antarctic winter 2003 with respect to PSC composition. Coincident Lidar observations from Mc- Murdo were used for comparison with PSC types 1a, 1b and 2. Application of new refractive index data of -NAT have allowed to accurately simulate the prominent spectral band at 820 cm 1 observed by MIPAS at the location where the Li- dar instrument observed type 1a PSCs. Broadband spectral fits covering the range from 780 to 960 cm 1 and from 1220 to 1490 cm 1 showed best agreement with the MIPAS mea- surements when spectroscopic data of NAT were used to sim- ulate the MIPAS spectra. MIPAS measurements collocated with Lidar observations of Type 1b and Type 2 PSCs could only be reproduced by assuming a composition of super- cooled ternary H2SO4/HNO3/H2O solution (STS) and of ice, respectively. Particle radius and number density profiles de- rived from MIPAS were generally consistent with the Lidar observations. Only in the case of ice clouds, PSC volumes are partly underestimated by MIPAS due to large cloud opti- cal thickness in the limb-direction. A comparison of MIPAS cloud composition and Lidar PSC-type determination based on all available MIPAS-Lidar coincident measurements re- vealed good agreement between PSC-types 1a, 1b and 2, and NAT, STS and ice, respectively. We could not find spec- troscopic evidence for the presence of nitric acid dihydrate (NAD) from MIPAS observations of PSCs over Antarctica in 2003.
Lehrstuhl Für Informatik 10 (systemsimulation) Analysis of a Flat Highly Parallel Geometric Multigrid Algorithm for Hierarchical Hybrid Grids Analysis of a Flat Highly Parallel Geometric Multigrid Algorithm for Hierarchical Hybrid Grids

While multicore architectures are becoming usual on desktop machines, supercomputers are approaching million cores. The amount of memory and compute power on current clusters enable us e.g. to obtain a resolution of in excess (10 000) 3 =10 12 degrees of freedom. However, on the downside we are forced to partition our domain into extremely many sub-problems. Portions of the algorithm that do not permit such degrees of parallelism can easily become a bottleneck. Additionally the performance analysis and debugging of programs at this scale become challenging tasks in themselves. We present scaling results of a quite flat multigrid algorithm (MG) for Hierarchical Hybrid Grids (HHG) and discuss its performance.
A Total Variation based Denoising Algorithm for 3 D Ultrasound

This paper presents an algorithm for denoising a three dimensional image, under the Rayleigh distributed multiplicative noise model, which is the observational model for Ultrasound imaging. The proposed method performs a variable splitting to introduce an auxiliary variable to serve as the argument of the 3D total variation term. This leads to two problems involving the data fidelity term and the regularizer, which are solved alternatingly leading to an instance of the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) method, for which convergence is guaranteed. This framework offers a simple way to apply the TV regularizer as at each iteration, one needs to minimize the sum of a TV term and a least squares term, as against the Rayleigh penalty function. This framework can further be extended to decompose the image and speckle.
A Novel Digital Image Cryptosystem with Chaotic Permutation and Perturbation Mechanism

Symmetric stream cipher with chaotic maps have been proven to be feasible and secure for digital image encryption, where 2D Cat map as well as Baker map are usually employed to permute pixels and 1D chaotic maps are employed to diffuse the values of pixels. In this paper, a new permutation method with perturbation strategy is proposed, which is used to enhance the performance of Cat map and hence the security degree of the image cryptosystem. Moreover, a chaotic orbit perturbation mechanism is introduced in diffusion procedure to further enhance the security of the cryptosystem. Intensive security analysis is carried out and the results demonstrate that the proposed cryptosystem is suitable for high secure image transmission applications.
Fuzzy estimation and segmentation for laser range scans

In tracking applications objects are often regarded as point targets. For modern sensors the assumption that one object creates at most one measurement is often not fulfilled any more due to the increasing sensor resolution capabilities. Thus, an estimation of the number of objects is necessary. Using threshold based segmentations for the estimation leads to hard decisions. Using a fuzzy estimation and segmentation, hard decisions are avoided. In the proposed fuzzy segmentation method the segments are weighted according to the confidence in the segment. The results of the fuzzy segmentation are compared with the threshold based segmentation. Further, extended objects are created out of the fuzzy segments of two laser scanners.
STCAPLRS

Newly emerging location-based social media network services (LBSMNS) provide valuable resources to understand users’ behaviors based on their location histories. The location-based behaviors of a user are generally influenced by both user intrinsic interest and the location preference, and moreover are spatial-temporal context dependent. In this article, we propose a spatial-temporal context-aware personalized location recommendation system (STCAPLRS), which offers a particular user a set of location items such as points of interest or venues (e.g., restaurants and shopping malls) within a geospatial range by considering personal interest, local preference, and spatial-temporal context influence. STCAPLRS can make accurate recommendation and facilitate people’s local visiting and new location exploration by exploiting the context information of user behavior, associations between users and location items, and the location and content information of location items. Specifically, STCAPLRS consists of two components: offline modeling and online recommendation. The core module of the offline modeling part is a context-aware regression mixture model that is designed to model the location-based user behaviors in LBSMNS to learn the interest of each individual user, the local preference of each individual location, and the context-aware influence factors. The online recommendation part takes a querying user along with the corresponding querying spatial-temporal context as input and automatically combines the learned interest of the querying user, the local preference of the querying location, and the context-aware influence factor to produce the top-k recommendations. We evaluate the performance of STCAPLRS on two real-world datasets: Dianping and Foursquare. The results demonstrate the superiority of STCAPLRS in recommending location items for users in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency. Moreover, the experimental analysis results also illustrate the excellent interpretability of STCAPLRS.
Design and Analysis of a Lightweight Parallel Adaptive Scheme for the Solution of the Monodomain Equation

Numerical simulation of the nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations in computational electrocardiology requires locally high spatial resolution to capture the multiscale effects related to the electrical activation of the heart accurately, namely the strongly varying transmembrane potential. Here, we propose a novel lightweight adaptive algorithm which aims at combining the plainness of structured meshes with the resolving capabilities of unstructered adaptive meshes. Our “patchwise adaptive” approach is based on locally structured mesh hierarchies which are glued along their interfaces by a nonconforming mortar element discretization. To further increase the overall efficiency, we keep the spatial meshes constant over suitable time windows in which error indicators are accumulated. This approach facilitates strongly varying mesh sizes in neighboring patches as well as in consecutive time steps. For the transfer of the dynamic variables between different spatial approximation spaces we compare the $L^2$-pr.
3D editor for multilingual ontologies using universal words

This work describes a multilingual ontology editor where the concepts and semantic relations are constructed inside a three-dimensional space. Initially the prototype is being programmed to compare three types of ontology editors. This editor will serve to construct ontologies viewed as relationship networks, and its concepts can be written in multiple languages, and can be related to normalized concepts (universal words) of the UNL project. These concepts also can be associated to 3D objects, or associated among themselves, through relations from UML Class Diagram. These kind of relations are used for better representation, communication and understanding of concepts among worldwide users, and also are used to model semantic relations to improve results of searching tools.
Opening Pandora's Box: A Culturally-oriented Look at the Covert Content of Passages 1

This study investigates the cultural content and covert syllabus of one well-known widely printed English Language Teaching (ELT) course book: Passages 1. In order to analyse the content, two coding systems the Five Dimensions of Culture and the Categories of Culture by Chao (2011) were used. The findings indicate that Passages 1 has encouraged various aspects of culture with an emphasis on the presentation of products, persons and viewpoints of the West. The partiality for the Target Culture (countries with English as the native language) is clear throughout the course book in terms of the selection of reading texts, listening tracks, and the images. Findings indicate that there is a minimal focus on the introduction of local and the Middle Eastern cultures. The theme of 'universality across cultures', as a specific classification in this study, is mostly placed in the speaking practices which revolves around sharing personal experiences rather than engaging in intercultural thinking and awareness. Based on the findings, some recommendations are given to ensure some aspects of the target culture are adequately addressed in the writing of ELT course books.
FLOVIS: A NETWORK SECURITY VISUALIZATION FRAMEWORK

viii Acknowledgements . ix Chapter
An optimal pilot embedding scheme for channel identification and source recovery

An optimal pilot embedding scheme is proposed for multipath channel identification. The scheme adds the columns of a Hadamard matrix to the transmitted signal to help estimate the channel. At the receiver, the channel is estimated as a function of the mean of the received blocks. A power allocation scheme is derived for approximately determining the optimal amount of power to allocate to the information symbols and the added pilot symbols.
Ringing effects reduction by improved deconvolution algorithm ⋆ Application to A 370 CFHT image of gravitational

We develop a self-consistent automatic procedure to restore informations from astronomical observations. It relies on both a new deconvolution algorithm called LBCA (Lower Bound Constraint Algorithm) and the use of the Wiener filter. In order to explore its scientific potential for strong and weak gravitational lensing, we process a CFHT image of the galaxies cluster Abell 370 which exhibits spectacular strong gravitational lensing effects. A high quality restoration is here of particular interest to map the dark matter within the cluster. We show that the LBCA turns out specially efficient to reduce ringing effects introduced by classical deconvolution algorithms in images with a high background. The method allows us to make a blind detection of the radial arc and to recover morphological properties similar to those observed from HST data. We also show that the Wiener filter is suitable to stop the iterative process before noise amplification, using only the unrestored data .
Choline Plasmalogens Isolated from Swine Liver Inhibit Hepatoma Cell Proliferation Associated with Caveolin-1/Akt Signaling

Plasmalogens play multiple roles in the structures of biological membranes, cell membrane lipid homeostasis and human diseases. We report the isolation and identification of choline plasmalogens (ChoPlas) from swine liver by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/MS. The growth and viability of hepatoma cells (CBRH7919, HepG2 and SMMC7721) was determined following ChoPlas treatment comparing with that of human normal immortal cell lines (HL7702). Result indicated that ChoPlas inhibited hepatoma cell proliferation with an optimal concentration and time of 25 μmol/L and 24 h. To better understand the mechanism of the ChoPlas-induced inhibition of hepatoma cell proliferation, Caveolin-1 and PI3K/Akt pathway signals, including total Akt, phospho-Akt(pAkt) and Bcl-2 expression in CBRH7919 cells, were determined by western blot. ChoPlas treatment increased Caveolin-1 expression and reduced the expression of phospho-Akt (pAkt) and Bcl-2, downstream targets of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Further cell cycle analysis showed that ChoPlas treatment induced G1 and G1/S phase transition cell cycle arrest. The expression of essential cell cycle regulatory proteins involved in the G1 and G1/S phase transitions, cyclin D, CDK4, cyclin E and CDK2, were also analyzed by western blot. ChoPlas reduced CDK4, cyclin E and CDK2 expression. Taken together, the results indicate that swine liver-derived natural ChoPlas inhibits hepatoma cell proliferation associated with Caveolin-1 and PI3K/Akt signals.