Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A dependency treebank of Chinese Buddhist texts

We present a dependency treebank of Buddhist Chinese texts, containing more than 50K characters drawn from four sutras in the Chinese Buddhist Canon. With dates of composition that span almost five centuries, these sutras bear witness to the evolution of the Chinese language. The treebank has been annotated using the part-of-speech tagset of the Penn Chinese Treebank, and the Stanford Dependencies for Chinese with slight modifications. The article first discusses the texts and the annotation framework of this treebank, and reports on inter-annotator agreement. It then describes the search platform, to which the treebank has been imported, and applies the treebank to an open question in Chinese historical linguistics—the emergence of the Chinese copula.
FrzA, a Secreted Frizzled Related Protein, Induced Angiogenic Response

Background—The secreted frizzled related proteins (sFRP) are soluble proteins thought to interfere with the Wnt signaling. Our group previously demonstrated that one of these members, sFRP-1/FrzA, is strongly expressed during early phases of the vascularization process in embryonic vasculature and in the endothelium of arteries and capillaries in adults and modulated vascular cell proliferation. Methods and Results—Analysis of the expression of sFRP-1 during cyclic ovarian angiogenesis revealed that sFRP-1 is expressed during the formation of neovessels and becomes undetectable when the vasculature is fully maturated. We then studied the role of FrzA in several distinct angiogenic models. FrzA induced angiogenesis in a chick chorioallantoic membrane model. Moreover, gene transfer of AdFrzA in grafted mesenchymal and glioma cells increased vessel density and tumor growth. FrzA induced formation of vessels, which were enlarged, longer, and appeared to be more mature compared with vessels formed under control treatments. In vitro, FrzA increased migration and tube formation of endothelial cells and seemed to protect them from apoptosis. FrzA-angiogenic effect in vitro was independent of vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-2, or angiopiotin-1 induction and Akt activation. In contrast, FrzA decreased glycogen synthase kinase-3 phosphorylation. Conclusions—These results showed that FrzA has proangiogenic effects and suggest that Wnt signaling may be involved in normal differentiation as well as in the pathological development of vasculature.
The Treatment‐Delivery System and Alcohol Abuse in Women: Social Policy Implications

This article presents a theoretical model of the treatment utilization process which assumes that individual predisposing factors, perceptions and beliefs, personal enabling traits, social enabling characteristics, and structural features of treatment services all affect the alcoholic's ability to secure and propensity to use services. This theoretical model is used to describe characteristics of women alcoholics and the treatment delivery system that may serve as barriers to treatment for women. Results of a study of the structural characteristics of 53 alcoholism treatment facilities in two California counties showed women congregate in agencies that hire more professionals, provide treatment for children, and provide after-care services.
Association of Early Age at Establishment of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection with Persistent Viral Replication, Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Age at infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a known risk factor for chronic HBV infection. However, in addition, there is some evidence that early age at infection further increases the risk of primary liver cancer beyond its association with increased risk of chronic infection. This systematic review of observational studies assesses the association between age at initiation of chronic HBV infection and liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and their predictors including indicators of ongoing viral replication and hepatic damage. The review includes birth order and maternal HBV serology as proxies for age at infection. Electronic searches in two English-language (Medline and Embase, until Jan 2012) and two Chinese-language (CNKI and SinoMed, until Sep 2012) databases without language restriction and manual search through reference lists identified 7,077 papers, of which 19 studies of 21 outcomes (8 primary liver cancer, 1 liver cirrhosis, 10 viral replication and 2 liver inflammation) are included. One study directly examined the age at infection in a longitudinal cohort, 12 assessed maternal sero-status and 6 investigated birth order. The direction of associations in all studies was in accordance with our hypothesis that earlier age at infection is associated with worse outcomes in addition to its effect of increasing the probability of chronic HBV infection. This has implications for the control of hepatitis B.
CLASSIFICATION OF UNDERWATER PIPELINE EVENTS USING DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS

A inspecao automatica de dutos submarinos tem sido uma tarefa de crescente importância para a deteccao de diferentes tipos de eventos, dos quais destacam-se armadura exposta, presenca de algas, flanges e manta. Tais inspecoes podem se beneficiar de tecnicas de aprendizado de maquinas para classificar acuradamente essas ocorrencias. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se um algoritmo de redes neurais convolucionais para classificacao de eventos em dutos submarinos. A arquitetura e os parâmetros da rede neural que resultam em desempenho de classificacao otimo sao selecionados. A tecnica de rede neural convolucional, em comparacao ao algoritmo do perceptron precedido por extracao de features wavelet, apresenta desempenho superior para diferentes classes de eventos, alcancando em media acuracia de classificacao de 93.2%, enquanto o desempenho alcancado pelo perceptron e de 91.2%. Alem dos resultados obtidos no conjunto de teste, sao analisadas as curvas de acuracia e de entropia cruzada obtidas para o conjunto de validacao ao longo do treinamento, de modo a comparar os desempenhos de cada metodo e para cada classe de eventos. Sao tambem fornecidas visualizacoes das saidas das camadas intermediarias da rede convolucional. Essas visualizacoes sao interpretadas e associadas aos resultados obtidos.
Alignement d'ontologies dirigé par la structure

L'alignement d'ontologies met en evidence les relations semantiques entre les entites de deux ontologies a confronter. L'outil de choix pour l'alignement est une mesure de similarite sur les couples d'entites. Certaines methodes d'alignement performantes font dependre la similarite d'un couple de celles des couples voisins. La circularite dans les definitions resultantes est traitee par le calcul iteratif d'un point fixe. Nous proposons un cadre unificateur, appele alignement dirige par la structure, qui permet de decrire ces methodes en depit de divergences d'ordre technique. Celui-ci combine l'appariement de graphes et le calcul matriciel. Nous presentons son application a la re-implementation de l'algorithme OLA, baptisee OLA2.
Cyclic GMP Kinase I Modulates Glucagon Release From Pancreatic α-Cells

OBJECTIVE The physiologic significance of the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling pathway in islets is unclear. We hypothesized that cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (cGKI) is directly involved in the secretion of islet hormones and glucose homeostasis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Gene-targeted mice that lack cGKI in islets (conventional cGKI mutants and cGKIα and Iβ rescue mice [α/βRM] that express cGKI only in smooth muscle) were studied in comparison to control (CTR) mice. cGKI expression was mapped in the endocrine pancreas by Western blot, immuno-histochemistry, and islet-specific recombination analysis. Insulin, glucagon secretion, and cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) were assayed by radioimmunoassay and FURA-2 measurements, respectively. Serum levels of islet hormones were analyzed at fasting and upon glucose challenge (2 g/kg) in vivo. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry showed that cGKI is present in α- but not in β-cells in islets of Langerhans. Mice that lack α-cell cGKI had significantly elevated fasting glucose and glucagon levels, whereas serum insulin levels were unchanged. High glucose concentrations strongly suppressed the glucagon release in CTR mice, but had only a moderate effect on islets that lacked cGKI. 8-Br-cGMP reduced stimulated [Ca2+]i levels and glucagon release rates of CTR islets at 0.5 mmol/l glucose, but was without effect on [Ca2+]i or hormone release in cGKI-deficient islets. CONCLUSIONS We propose that cGKI modulates glucagon release by suppression of [Ca2+]i in α-cells.
Channel Characteristics and Transmission Performance for Various Channel Configurations at 60 GHz

Extensive measurements are conducted in room environments at 60 GHz to analyze the channel characteristics for various channel configurations. Channel parameters retrieved from measurements are presented and analyzed based on generic channel models. Particularly, a simple single-cluster model is applied for the parameter retrieval and performance evaluation. By this model, power delay profiles are simply described by a-factor, a root-mean-squared delay spread, and a shape parameter. The considered channels are configured with the combination of omnidirectional, fan-beam, and pencil-beam antennas at transmitter and receiver sides. Both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) channels are considered. Further, to evaluate the transmission performance, we analyze the link budget in the considered environments, then design and simulate an OFDM system with a data rate of 2 Gbps to compare the bit-error-rate (BER) performance by using the measured and modeled channels. Both coded and uncoded OFDM systems are simulated. It is observed that the BER performance agrees well for the measured and modeled channels. In addition, directive configurations can provide sufficient link margins and BER performance for high data rate communications. To increase the coverage and performance in the NLOS area, it is preferable to apply directive antennas.
1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic Acid Induces Apoptosis in Human Keratinocyte: Potential Application for Psoriasis Treatment

Psoriasis, which affects approximately 1–3% of the population worldwide, is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by epidermal keratinocytes hyperproliferation, abnormal differentiation, and inflammatory infiltration. Decrease in keratinocyte apoptosis is a specific pathogenic phenomenon in psoriasis. Chinese herbs have been used for the treatment of psoriasis in China showing promising effect in clinical trials. A traditional Chinese medicine has relatively fewer side effects with longer remission time and lower recurrence rate. The extract of Rubia cordifolia L. (EA) was previously found by us to induce HaCaT keratinocytes apoptosis. In this study we identified one of the components in Rubia cordifolia L. , the anthraquinone precursor 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA), induces HaCaT keratinocytes apoptosis through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. We have also demonstrated that DHNA acts through both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways. Besides, cytotoxicity and IL-1α release assays indicate that DHNA causes less irritation problems than dithranol, which is commonly employed to treat psoriasis in many countries. Since DHNA possesses similar apoptotic effects on keratinocytes as dithranol but causes less irritation, DHNA therefore constitutes a promising alternative agent for treating psoriasis. Our studies also provide an insight on the potential of using EA and DHNA, alternatively, as a safe and effective treatment modality for psoriasis.
Anthropology, Self-determination and Aboriginal Belief in the Christian God

Over the past forty years the Aboriginal people of Galiwin'ku (Elcho Island) in north-east Arnhem Land have successfully incorporated Christianity into their world view. However, a Uniting Church report characterises members of this same Yolngu (Aboriginal) community as being overwhelmed with feelings of inferiority and powerlessness and unable to function within structures established by Balanda (non-Aborigines). This paper contrasts the ways in which Christianity has helped break down the separation between cultural groups with its function as a structure for explicit discourse on Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal relations and inequality. While some Elcho Islanders see anthropologists as people who listen in order to work for Aborigines, Aboriginal Christians see them and other ‘scientists’ as attempting to undermine Aboriginal belief in the Christian God. They are seen as degrading a spiritual movement which has its foundation in the Dreaming and as posing a potential threat to the momentum of Aboriginal directed change in the community.
Banana-Associated Microbial Communities in Uganda Are Highly Diverse but Dominated by Enterobacteriaceae

ABSTRACT Bananas are among the most widely consumed foods in the world. In Uganda, the country with the second largest banana production in the world, bananas are the most important staple food. The objective of this study was to analyze banana-associated microorganisms and to select efficient antagonists against fungal pathogens which are responsible for substantial yield losses. We studied the structure and function of microbial communities (endosphere, rhizosphere, and soil) obtained from three different traditional farms in Uganda by cultivation-independent (PCR-SSCP fingerprints of 16S rRNA/ITS genes, pyrosequencing of enterobacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments, quantitative PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization coupled with confocal laser scanning microscopy, and PCR-based detection of broad-host-range plasmids and sulfonamide resistance genes) and cultivation-dependent methods. The results showed microhabitat-specific microbial communities that were significant across sites and treatments. Furthermore, all microhabitats contained a high number and broad spectrum of indigenous antagonists toward identified fungal pathogens. While bacterial antagonists were found to be enriched in banana plants, fungal antagonists were less abundant and mainly found in soil. The banana stem endosphere was the habitat with the highest bacterial counts (up to 109 gene copy numbers g−1). Here, enterics were found to be enhanced in abundance and diversity; they provided one-third of the bacteria and were identified by pyrosequencing with 14 genera, including not only potential human (Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, and Yersinia spp.) and plant (Pectobacterium spp.) pathogens but also disease-suppressive bacteria (Serratia spp.). The dominant role of enterics can be explained by the permanent nature and vegetative propagation of banana and the amendments of human, as well as animal, manure in these traditional cultivations.
Feeding Experiences and Growth Status in a Rett Syndrome Population

Objectives: Feeding difficulties in Rett syndrome are complex and multifactorial. In this study, we describe the feeding experiences in Rett syndrome and examine the factors affecting growth. Materials and Methods: Using questionnaire data related to a population-based cohort, ages 2 to 29 years (n = 201), we measured the feeding experiences, growth, and factors affecting growth (enteral nutritional support, mutations, mobility, breath-holding, hyperventiliation) in subjects with Rett syndrome. Results: The mean weight, height, and body mass index z scores in subjects with Rett syndrome were below that of their age group and decreased steadily with age. Twenty percent of subjects had enteral nutrition support, and it was more common in the older age group. Those with truncating mutations had significantly less enteral nutrition support than the other mutation groups. Furthermore, those with low mobility had lower mean body mass index z scores than those with higher mobility, and increased frequency of breath-holding and hyperventilation also was associated with lower body mass index z scores. Conclusions: Routine monitoring of growth should continue to determine the severity of nutritional problems in Rett syndrome. Active nutritional management is recommended to ensure females affected with Rett syndrome have the best opportunity to reach their growth potential.
Parallel and real-time post-processing for quantum random number generators

Quantum systems are particularly suited for generating true randomness due to their inherent unpredictability, which can be justified on physical principles. However, practical implementations of Quantum RNGs (QRNGs) are always subject to noise, or uncontrollable influences, diminishing the quality of raw randomness produced. This necessitates post-processing to convert raw output into genuine randomness. In current QRNG implementations, the critical issue of seed updating is often overlooked, risking security vulnerabilities due to increased security parameters when seeds are reused in post-processing, and frequent seed updates fail to yield net randomness, while reusing seeds relies on the assumption that the original sequence inputs are independent.In this work, we have provided a specific scheme for seed updates that balances practicality and security, exploring the parallel and real-time implementation of multiple seed real-time updating toeplitz hash extractors in an FPGA to achieve parallel QRNGs, focusing on efficient hardware computation resource use. Through logic optimization, we achieved a greater number of parallel channels and a post-processing matrix size three times larger than previous works on the same FPGA platform, utilizing fewer logic resources. This resulted in a higher rate of random number generation and enhanced security. Furthermore, with the use of higher-performance ADCs, we attained a random number production rate exceeding 20Gbps.High-speed random number transfer and seed updating were achieved using the PCIe high-speed interface.This marks a significant step toward chip-based parallel QRNGs, enhancing the practicality of CV QRNGs in trusted, device-independent, and semi-device-independent scenarios.
TIP47 functions in the biogenesis of lipid droplets

TIP47 (tail-interacting protein of 47 kD) was characterized as a cargo selection device for mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs), directing their transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. In contrast, our current analysis shows that cytosolic TIP47 is not recruited to organelles of the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways. Knockdown of TIP47 expression had no effect on MPR distribution or trafficking and did not affect lysosomal enzyme sorting. Therefore, our data argue against a function of TIP47 as a sorting device. Instead, TIP47 is recruited to lipid droplets (LDs) by an amino-terminal sequence comprising 11-mer repeats. We show that TIP47 has apolipoprotein-like properties and reorganizes liposomes into small lipid discs. Suppression of TIP47 blocked LD maturation and decreased the incorporation of triacylglycerol into LDs. We conclude that TIP47 functions in the biogenesis of LDs.
Security in future mobile sensor networks issues and challenges

Existing security research in wireless sensor networks is based on specific assumptions about the nodes and the network environment that are tied to specific usage scenarios. Typical scenarios consider sensor nodes that are immobile and have pre-defined communication patterns. We argue that node mobility is a realistic characteristic of sensor nodes that needs to be taken into consideration in future sensor networks. Mobility capabilities can address the objective challenges raised in mission-critical applications, such as in disaster relief, where their environment characteristics fluctuate over time. It is imperative to investigate the way security is affected in mobile sensor networks and identify the challenges that will need to be addressed in future security protocol design. We present our vision for future sensor networks through a realistic scenario and discuss security gaps that are present in existing research for next generation sensor networks.
TO IDENTIFY THE PERSON USING GAIT: KNN BASED APPROACH

In human identification, the process of identifying the person by their gait is an emerging research trend in the field of visual surveillance. Gait is a new biometrics, has been recently used to recognize a person via style of his walking. While person walking variation becomes take place in different parts of body. On the basis of these variations, proposed method is evaluated on CASIA gait database by using K-nearest Neighbor classifier. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has an encouraging recognition performance also the results indicate that the classification ability of KNN with correlation measure perform better than with other type of distance measure functions.
The small molecule calactin induces DNA damage and apoptosis in human leukemia cells

We purified calactin from the roots of the Chinese herb Asclepias curassavica L. and analyzed its biologic effects in human leukemia cells. Our results showed that calactin treatment caused DNA damage and resulted in apoptosis. Increased phosphorylation levels of Chk2 and H2AX were observed and were reversed by the DNA damage inhibitor caffeine in calactin-treated cells. In addition, calactin treatment showed that a decrease in the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins Cyclin B1, Cdk1, and Cdc25C was consistent with a G2/M phase arrest. Furthermore, calactin induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, and PARP cleavage. Pretreatment with the ERK inhibitor PD98059 significantly blocked the loss of viability in calactin-treated cells. It is indicated that calactin-induced apoptosis may occur through an ERK signaling pathway. Our data suggest that calactin is a potential anticancer compound.
Transcripts from amplified sequences of an inherited homogeneously staining region in chromosome 1 of the house mouse (Mus musculus)

Several populations of the house mouse, Mus musculus, are polymorphic for the presence or absence of an inherited homogeneously staining region (HSR) in chromosome 1. The HSR consists of highly amplified DNA sequences, present in low copy numbers in the HSR- genome. A cloned HSR-derived genomic sequence detected transcripts of about 1.3 and 4.5 kb on blots of poly(A)+ RNA from liver of HSR+ mice but not from that of HSR- mice. A cDNA library was established from RNA of HSR+ mice and screened with the HSR-derived genomic clone. Positive clones were isolated and shown to be complementary to the 1.3-kb RNA species and to amplified DNA sequences in the HSR+ genome. The combined sequence of four overlapping cloned cDNAs is 959 nucleotides long and includes an open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 208 amino acids. The pertinent gene is unidentified. No homologous sequence is stored in the EMBL data base. A stretch of 109 nucleotides at the 3' end of the 1.3-kb RNA homology region in the same genomic fragment, as indicated by hybridization data and sequence motifs resembling promoter elements. Thus, our data suggest that at least two genes or gene families are encoded in the HSR.