Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An improved two-stage camera calibration method based on evolution calculation

According to the calibration of binocular vision, an improved two-stages camera calibration method involved with multi-distortion coefficients is introduced in this paper. It takes the sum of distance in the world coordinate between ground truth 3D points and calculated 3D points as cost function which is optimized by evolution algorithm (EA). The 3D pointspsila coordinate are calculated by the imitated direct linear transformation (DLT) triangulation based on distortion compensation. This strategy can allow the two cameraspsila all parameters being optimized at the same time. Parameters optimization algorithms with genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are introduced. Simulation and experiment are made under the same calibration data sets. A comparison for GA, PSO and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithms are made. The results show that the strategy of taking the 3D reconstruction errors as object function is feasible, the evolution algorithms have much higher calibration precision than that of the LM algorithm.
A Tool for Coastal Setbacks Demarcation over Rough, Impermeable Shores: The Test Case of Kavala Coastline (Northern Greece)

Although setback zones and lines are considered as a powerful coastal zone management tool ensuring public access, protecting the coastal ecosystem and minimizing natural hazards over developments, the lack of a solid and objective Mediterranean methodological framework for coastal setbacks demarcation appears profound. Especially for countries like Greece, this deficiency leads to long legal disputes encouraging illegal construction on the coastline. In this article a methodology on coastal setbacks demarcation over rocky, impermeable shores is proposed, followed, and implemented along a Greek shoreline, serving as a pilot case study. The methodology is consistent with the requirements of the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) Protocol and the Greek legislation (L. 2971/2001), aiming to determine the “highest winter waterline,” accounting for the tidal and storm surge effects, the sea-level rise due to climate change impact, the extreme offshore wind and wave analysis, and the maximum potential wave run-up. Such a tool may bridge the gap between legislative provisions and actual ICZM Protocol implementation improving regional coastal management and planning.
Online Algorithm for Wireless Backhaul HetNets with Advanced Small Cell Buffering

In this work, we study a novel model of two-tier wireless backhaul small cell networks that considers buffering of finite storage size at each small cell access point. By employing a reverse time division duplexing (RTDD) interference management, we develop an online algorithm that jointly optimizes the transmit beamforming and power allocation. Unlike previous works, we propose a more advanced buffering protocol to improve the small cell performance by solving an online constrained optimization problem that maximizes both the total small cell access rate and backhaul rate. To deal with the non-convex property of the formulated problem, we invoke the framework of successive convex approximation to develop the online algorithm to iteratively solve a convex approximated problem and update corresponding parameters until convergence. Numerical results show that our proposed model with advanced buffering strategy outperforms the traditional designs in terms of small cell access rate.
Renal dysfunction in liver transplant recipients: Evaluation of the critical issues

Major progress has been made in the field of liver transplantation since the first procedure was performed nearly 50 years ago. Despite these improvements, renal dysfunction before and after liver transplantation remains a major complicating factor associated with increased health care costs, morbidity, and mortality. Creatinine‐based estimates of renal function are inaccurate in the setting of end‐stage liver disease and often lead to underdiagnosis and late intervention. This issue is critical in that it is important to understand both the etiology and chronicity of renal dysfunction before liver transplantation because the treatment clearly varies, especially with respect to simultaneous liver‐kidney (SLK) transplantation. Because of the scarcity of available grafts, identifying appropriate candidates for SLK transplantation is crucial. Hepatorenal syndrome is common in liver transplant candidates; however, other etiologies of renal dysfunction need to be considered. Renal dysfunction after liver transplantation is common and may have an acute or chronic presentation. Although calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) have been associated with post–liver transplant nephrotoxicity, their role may be overestimated, and other contributing etiologies should remain in a clinician's differential diagnosis. Alternatives to CNIs have been evaluated; however, a safe immunosuppressive regimen that achieves the preservation of renal function in liver transplant recipients remains to be established. In this review of the literature, renal dysfunction in the setting of liver transplantation is evaluated, and the critical issues that are barriers to improved outcomes are highlighted. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
A survey of the information management and technology training needs of doctors in an acute NHS trust in the United Kingdom.

BACKGROUND Doctors need information skills to deliver health care in the 21st century. There is concern that those who trained before the 'information age' will be inadequately equipped for their work. OBJECTIVES To assess doctors' use of computers for clinical tasks, and their knowledge and skills in health information management and technology. DESIGN Questionnaire survey. SETTING An acute NHS trust in the UK. PARTICIPANTS 96 (83%) of all doctors in the trust responded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Proportion of respondents reporting the following: use of computer-based systems for clinical tasks, knowledge in eight health informatics topics, skills in using specific hardware and software applications. Also comparison of reported skills between senior and junior staff; proportion of doctors identifying specific training needs. RESULTS All but one (1%) of the responding doctors used a computer regularly. Over three quarters of respondents reported they were semi-skilled or fully skilled in basic office applications, though the juniors scored significantly more highly than the seniors for some applications. However, 44% of doctors reported no skills in database software, identifying this as a training need. Around half of the doctors were unaware of health informatics topics, including electronic patient records, the Caldicott report and data protection law. In each case the senior doctors were significantly more aware than the juniors of the topic in question. CONCLUSION Both junior and senior doctors have basic computer literacy, but nearly half of this population identify the use of database software as a training need. In addition, there are several health informatics topics of which a large proportion of doctors, particularly the juniors, have little knowledge, but which have not been identified as training needs. Some recommendations are made for provision of in-house health informatics education for doctors.
Social funds, sustainability and institutional development impacts: findings from an OED Review

This paper, based on a recent OED review of World Bank social fund projects, presents findings relating to two aspects of social fund performance that have been relatively under-researched in the social funds literature-the sustainability of benefits and the institutional development impacts. On sustainability, the review found that social fund facilities generally had staffing and equipment levels better or equal to those in comparator facilities although both types of facilities suffered from shortages. While there has been a learning curve, deficiencies were found in the requirements for ongoing operations and maintenance over the operational life of the investments. On institutional development impact, the review found that social fund agencies have developed capacity as effective and innovative organizations. Wider impacts on existing institutions, both positive and negative, need greater attention. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communicating the benefits of breast feeding

Perspective on the paper by Akobeng and Heller ( see page483 ) It is hopefully clear to readers of the Archives that exclusive breast feeding has several important health benefits and should be encouraged. But what is the best way to convey the extent of its benefits to an individual mother, or to a health care organisation deciding on the allocation of resources for health promotion? Clinicians and research scientists are usually more familiar with, and tend to favour, measures of association such as relative risks (or odds ratios) and measures of impact such as the population attributable risk (PAR), which is the proportion of a disease that, assuming causality, could be avoided if that risk factor were removed. However, the size of a benefit, whether to the individual or to the population, is better measured in terms of actual risks or risk differences, because those measures also take into account the actual likelihood of the disease outcome. For example, exclusive breast feeding may cause a greater reduction in cases of coeliac disease (44%) than of asthma (23%), but because asthma is much more common, the numbers of children who would avoid asthma is far greater than for coeliac disease. In this issue of the Archives , Akobeng and Heller have utilised a new calculation of population impact, which was recently described by their group in Manchester,1 to demonstrate the effect of breast feeding on the numbers of cases with asthma, obesity and coeliac disease that could potentially be avoided.2 …
Niacin improves small artery vasodilatory function and compliance in statin-treated type 2 diabetic patients

We investigated the effect of niacin (nicotinic acid prolonged release) on forearm vasodilatory function and arterial compliance in statin-treated type 2 diabetic patients with endothelial dysfunction. In a parallel group study, we randomised 15 subjects, with LDL-cholesterol ≤2.5 mmol/L, to niacin (dose titrated to 1500 mg/day over 8 weeks, then maintained for a further 12 weeks) or no additional treatment. Niacin increased maximal post-ischaemic forearm blood flow (mean ± SEM 6.4±2.4 vs. —2.3±1.2 ml/100 ml/min, p = 0.001) and small artery compliance (1.3±0.8 vs. —2.3±1.1 ml/mmHg, p = 0.01) compared with no additional treatment, but did not alter large artery compliance, blood pressure nor heart rate. Niacin decreased serum triglycerides by 47% (p = 0.04), with no change in LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein (Apo) B-100 nor ApoA-I (p > 0.05). Adding niacin to statin therapy improves small artery vasodilatory function and compliance in type 2 diabetes. This may relate to a decrease in serum triglycerides and/or a direct benefit of niacin on vascular biology.
Global DNA methylation in precancerous and cancerous lesions of the uterine cervix.

INTRODUCTION Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the primary causal agent in the development of the uterine cervix carcinoma. Nevertheless, only a minority of high-risk HPV-associated lesions progress to cervical cancer, suggesting involvement of other molecular alterations. Among putative changes, aberrant methylation might be a crucial event. DESIGN Paraffin-embedded samples of benign lesions, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) were analyzed for DNA 5-methylcytosine content by immunohistochemistry with anti-5-methylcytosine antibodies and by high-performance liquid capillary electrophoresis (HPCE). RESULTS No significant difference of DNA 5-methylcytosine content was observed between normal tissues, benign lesions, low-grade lesions and high-grade lesions (p=0.6). In contrast, DNAs extracted from invasive SCC were hypomethylated when compared with normal and preneoplastic lesions (p=0.0004). An association between global DNA hypomethylation and the SCC stage was confirmed by HPCE. CONCLUSIONS The transition from CIN lesions to invasive carcinoma seems to be closely linked to global DNA hypomethylation, which could be a useful marker of invasive uterine cervical lesions.
Preparation, attitudes and behaviour in nonhospital cardiac emergencies: evaluating a community's readiness to act.

OBJECTIVE To determine how people in a moderately sized Ontario city believe they will react if they witness someone colapsing. DESIGN Telephone survey. SETTING The cities of Kitchener and Waterloo, part of the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario, with a combined population of 378,000. PARTICIPANTS Households were randomly contacted and a questionnaire was administered, provided the respondent was over 44 years of age and agreed to be interviewed. Of 2479 households with eligible respondents, 811 (33%) completed the questionnaire. OUTCOMES Age, sex, educational level, cardiac risk factors and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training of respondents were determined, as well as actions they would take if cardiac arrest occurred in a family member at home or in stranger in the street, and associated emotions and barriers to implementing actions. RESULTS Among the first three actions that respondents who were not prompted with possible responses said they would take, 311 (72%) witnessing a collapse at home, compared with 166 (44%) witnessing a collapse on the street, would call 911, the police or an ambulance. Other 'first three actions' in home collapse were checking for breathing (120 [28%]), checking for pulse (91 [21%]) and administering CPR (34 [8%]); these actions were less commonly selected in response to a strangers collapse and when respondents were not prompted. Respondents felt they would be more likely to perform CPR on a friend than on a stranger (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.58). When asked how likely they would be to perform specific acts when witnessing a collapse, 254 (69%) of respondents thought they would call their family doctor and 179 (48%) thought they were likely to begin chest compressions. Barriers to performing CPR centred around legalities and disease transmission. CONCLUSION Older people do not know how to act effectively in a cardiac emergency. Traditional CPR and public awareness programs have been ineffective in reaching this population; alternative means are required to help the public respond more effectively to cardiac emergencies.
Elucidation of the Metabolic Fate of Glucose in the Filamentous Fungus Trichoderma reesei Using Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) Analysis and cDNA Microarrays*

Despite the intense interest in the metabolic regulation and evolution of the ATP-producing pathways, the long standing question of why most multicellular microorganisms metabolize glucose by respiration rather than fermentation remains unanswered. One such microorganism is the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina). Using EST analysis and cDNA microarrays, we find that in T. reesei expression of the genes encoding the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the proteins of the electron transport chain is programmed in a way that favors the oxidation of pyruvate via the tricarboxylic acid cycle rather than its reduction to ethanol by fermentation. Moreover, the results indicate that acetaldehyde may be channeled into acetate rather than ethanol, thus preventing the regeneration of NAD+, a pivotal product required for anaerobic metabolism. The studies also point out that the regulatory machinery controlled by glucose was most probably the target of evolutionary pressure that directed the flow of metabolites into respiratory metabolism rather than fermentation. This finding has significant implications for the development of metabolically engineered cellulolytic microorganisms for fuel production from cellulose biomass.
The Microeconomics of the AIDS Epidemic in Africa

The authors in their book on the AIDS epidemic "Private Choices and Public Health: the AIDS Epidemic in an Economic Perspective" emphasized the role in the spread and control of the epidemic of voluntary rational choice to engage or refrain from engaging in risky activities. Although they were aware that AIDS is a more serious problem in a number of developing countries especially in countries in sub-Saharan Africa the analysis was limited to the developed world with particular emphasis upon the US. The authors now consider the HIV-1 epidemic in Central and Eastern Africa. Available data indicate that especially in large cities and along major transportation routes AIDS is far more prevalent than in comparable settings in Europe and North America. In contrast to the situation in the US homosexual relations and the sharing of hypodermic needles by IV drug users are minor routes for the spread of the disease in Africa. Instead heterosexual intercourse is estimated to account for 93% of all adult cases while other cases stem from blood transfusions and the transmission of HIV from mother to fetus. Also in contrast to the situation in the US an equal proportion of men and women are infected; female prostitutes are an important source of disease transmission; and the likelihood of being infected with HIV is positively related to income at least in urban areas. The number of new HIV infections appears to not have yet peaked in Africa. Potential policy interventions for the African setting are discussed.
Combination of primers used to amplify the respective genes by real-time and semiquantitative PCR

Subramanian VS, Subramanya SB, Ghosal A, Said HM. Chronic alcohol feeding inhibits physiological and molecular parameters of intestinal and renal riboflavin transport. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 305: C539–C546, 2013. First published June 26, 2013; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00089. 2013. —Vitamin B2 (riboflavin, RF) is essential for normal human health. Mammals obtain RF from exogenous sources via intestinal absorption and prevent its urinary loss by reabsorption in the kidneys. Both of these absorptive events are carrier-mediated and involve specific RF transporters (RFVTs). Chronic alcohol consumption in humans is associated with a high prevalence of RF deficiency and suboptimal levels, but little is known about the effect of chronic alcohol exposure on physiological and molecular parameters of the intestinal and renal RF transport events. We addressed these issues using rats chronically fed an alcohol liquid diet and pair-fed controls as a model. The results showed that chronic alcohol feeding significantly inhibits carrier-mediated RF transport across the intestinal brush-border and basolateral membrane domains of the polarized enterocytes. This inhibition was associated with a parallel reduction in the expression of the rat RFVT-1 and -3 at the protein, mRNA, and heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) levels. Chronic alcohol feeding also caused a significant inhibition in RF uptake in the colon. Similarly, a significant inhibition in carriermediated RF transport across the renal brush-border and basolateral membrane domains was observed, which again was associated with a significant reduction in the level of expression of RFVT-1 and -3 at the protein, mRNA, and hnRNA levels. These findings demonstrate that chronic alcohol exposure impairs both intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption processes of RF and that these effects are, at least in part, mediated via transcriptional mechanism(s) involving the slc52a1 and slc52a3 genes.
Patient engagement programs for recognition and initial treatment of depression in primary care: a randomized trial.

IMPORTANCE Encouraging primary care patients to address depression symptoms and care with clinicians could improve outcomes but may also result in unnecessary treatment. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a depression engagement video (DEV) or a tailored interactive multimedia computer program (IMCP) improves initial depression care compared with a control without increasing unnecessary antidepressant prescribing. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized clinical trial comparing DEV, IMCP, and control among 925 adult patients treated by 135 primary care clinicians (603 patients with depression and 322 patients without depression, defined by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] score) conducted from June 2010 through March 2012 at 7 primary care clinical sites in California. INTERVENTIONS DEV targeted to sex and income, an IMCP tailored to individual patient characteristics, and a sleep hygiene video (control). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Among depressed patients, superiority assessment of the composite measure of patient-reported antidepressant drug recommendation, mental health referral, or both (primary outcome); depression at 12-week follow-up, measured by the PHQ-8 (secondary outcome). Among nondepressed patients, noninferiority assessment of clinician- and patient-reported antidepressant drug recommendation (primary outcomes) with a noninferiority margin of 3.5%. Analyses were cluster adjusted. RESULTS Of the 925 eligible patients, 867 were included in the primary analysis (depressed, 559; nondepressed, 308). Among depressed patients, rates of achieving the primary outcome were 17.5% for DEV, 26% for IMCP, and 16.3% for control (DEV vs control, 1.1 [95% CI, -6.7 to 8.9], P = .79; IMCP vs control, 9.9 [95% CI, 1.6 to 18.2], P = .02). There were no effects on PHQ-8 measured depression score at the 12-week follow-up: DEV vs control, -0.2 (95% CI, -1.2 to 0.8); IMCP vs control, 0.9 (95% CI, -0.1 to 1.9). Among nondepressed patients, clinician-reported antidepressant prescribing in the DEV and IMCP groups was noninferior to control (mean percentage point difference [PPD]: DEV vs control, -2.2 [90% CI, -8.0 to 3.49], P = .0499 for noninferiority; IMCP vs control, -3.3 [90% CI, -9.1 to 2.4], P = .02 for noninferiority); patient-reported antidepressant recommendation did not achieve noninferiority (mean PPD: DEV vs control, 0.9 [90% CI, -4.9 to 6.7], P = .23 for noninferiority; IMCP vs control, 0.3 [90% CI, -5.1 to 5.7], P = .16 for noninferiority). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A tailored IMCP increased clinician recommendations for antidepressant drugs, a mental health referral, or both among depressed patients but had no effect on mental health at the 12-week follow-up. The possibility that the IMCP and DEV increased patient-reported clinician recommendations for an antidepressant drug among nondepressed patients could not be excluded. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01144104.
Impaired absorption of insulin aspart from lipohypertrophic injection sites.

Lipohypertrophy is a common side effect of subcutaneous insulin therapy, occurring in up to 50% of patients with type 1 diabetes (1–3). It is generally held that absorption of insulin from such palpably abnormal sites is erratic, although the consequence thereof on glucose control has been considered controversial (1,4,5). Notably, a recent study using the continuous glucose monitoring system to monitor swings of blood glucose documented a significant correlation between the mean of daily differences of glucose and the severity of injection site lipohypertrophy (6). Few studies have investigated insulin uptake from lipohypertrophic tissue. Absorption of isophane (NPH) insulin, as determined by plasma free insulin, was found to be markedly defective at abnormal injection sites (7), and absorption of regular insulin (Actrapid) was delayed as determined by the clearance of 125I-insulin (8). It was concluded from these studies that the differences were of sufficient magnitude to be of clinical importance. Currently, both of these insulin preparations give way to insulin analogs. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate whether the absorption of a single subcutaneous dose of insulin aspart is impaired when administered to lipohypertrophic tissue in patients with type 1 diabetes. Nine male patients (51.6 ± 5.4 years of age [means ± SE; range 22–69], HbA1c 7.3 ± 0.4% [ref. <5.2%], BMI 24.3 ± 1.0 kg/m2, and duration of diabetes 34.9 ± 5.1 years) were recruited from the …