Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two‐Dimensional protein map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Construction of a gene–protein index

This publication marks the beginning of the construction of a gene–protein index that relates proteins which are resolved on the two‐dimensional protein map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with their corresponding genes. We report the identification of 36 novel polypeptide spots on the yeast protein map. They correspond to the products of 26 genes. Together with the polypeptide spots previously identified, this raises to 41 the number of genes whose products have been identified on the protein map. The proteins identified here are concerned with four major areas of yeast cellular physiology: carbon metabolism, heat shock, amino acid biosynthesis and purine biosynthesis. Given the molecular weight and isoelectric point of the identified proteins, and the codon‐usage bias of the corresponding genes, it can be estimated that 25 to 35% of all the soluble yeast proteins are detectable under the labelling and running gel conditions used in this study.
Discriminative adaptation of continuous space translation models

In this paper we explore various adaptation techniques for continuous space translation models (CSTMs). We consider the following practical situation: given a large scale, stateof-the-art SMT system containing a CSTM, the task is to adapt the CSTM to a new domain using a (relatively) small in-domain parallel corpus. Our method relies on the definition of a new discriminative loss function for the CSTM that borrows from both the max-margin and pair-wise ranking approaches. In our experiments, the baseline out-of-domain SMT system is initially trained for the WMT News translation task, and the CSTM is to be adapted to the lecture translation task as defined by IWSLT evaluation campaign. Experimental results show that an improvement of 1.5 BLEU points can be achieved with the proposed adaptation method.
A Candidate Gene Association Study Further Corroborates Involvement of Contactin Genes in Autism

Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) shows a high degree of heritability, only a few mutated genes and mostly de novo copy number variations (CNVs) with a high phenotypic impact have as yet been identified. In families with multiple ASD patients, transmitted CNVs often do not appear to cosegregate with disease. Therefore, also transmitted single nucleotide variants which escape detection if genetic analyses were limited to CNVs may contribute to disease risk. In several studies of ASD patients, CNVs covering at least one gene of the contactin gene family were found. To determine whether there is evidence for a contribution of transmitted variants in contactin genes, a cohort of 67 ASD patients and a population-based reference of 117 healthy individuals, who were not related to the ASD families, were compared. In total, 1,648 SNPs, spanning 12.1 Mb of genomic DNA, were examined. After Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, the strongest signal was found for a SNP located within the CNTN5 gene (rs6590473 [G], p = 4.09 × 10-7; OR = 3.117; 95% CI = 1.603-6.151). In the ASD cohort, a combination of risk alleles of SNPs in CNTN6 (rs9878022 [A]; OR = 3.749) and in CNTNAP2 (rs7804520 [G]; OR = 2.437) was found more frequently than would be expected under random segregation, albeit this association was not statistically significant. The latter finding is consistent with a polygenic disease model in which multiple mutagenic mechanisms, operating concomitantly, elicit the ASD phenotype. Altogether, this study corroborates the possible involvement of contactins in ASD, which has been indicated by earlier studies of CNVs.
Unified Design of a Single-Layer Radial Line Slot Array Antenna

A unified design of a single layer Radial Line Slot Array (RLSA) antenna of arbitrary polarisation is presented. The design addresses such tasks as the electromagnetic modelling of the feed, modelling of the radiating surface, prototyping of the feed and the radiating surface, and near-and far-field testing of the developed prototypes. The issues of beam tilting, beam broadening and shaping are also considered. The developed antennas are tested in terms of return loss, uniformity of aperture illumination, gain and radiation pattern. Iterative refinements are performed when the prototype does not meet the assumed performance specifications.
Interdependent anxiety and psychological distress in women with breast cancer and their partners

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of interdependence on anxiety within dyads where one person was undergoing treatment for breast cancer. Perceptions of relationship quality were expected to mitigate the anxiety experienced by both members of the dyad. 96 dyads participated in a 3‐wave longitudinal study that took place over 10 weeks. Dyads were composed of a woman with stage I–III breast cancer who was currently undergoing treatment, and a partner who she nominated to participate in the study along with her. Results indicated that anxiety felt by women with breast cancer was consistently associated with that of her partner. Structural equation analyses suggest that the within‐dyad influence runs mostly from partners' anxiety to the anxiety of women with breast cancer. Partners' anxiety was also associated with other indicators of the women's well being including depression, fatigue, and symptom management. Perceptions of relationship quality from women with breast cancer and their partners were negatively associated with partners' anxiety. However, women's anxiety was only correlated with their partners', but not their own, perceptions of relationship quality. These findings underscore the benefit of having partners who are able to cope with or get help for their own personal distress as women cope with the stress of breast cancer and its treatment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of ROI definition, partial volume correction and SUV normalization on SUV–survival correlation in oesophageal cancer

ObjectiveAn explanation for the discrepancies in the reported correlations between standardized uptake value (SUV) and survival might be the application of different SUV methodologies. The primary aim of this study was to examine the influence of using different methodologies on SUV–survival correlation. MethodsData were used from a prospective cohort study consisting of oesophageal cancer patients in whom preoperative fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was performed. Various methodologies of SUV calculation/correction were correlated with the default (SUV A41% corrected for body surface area): different volume of interest definitions, different SUV normalization, with and without serum glucose correction, and with (PVC+) and without partial volume correction (PVC−). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves using any type of SUV for the identification of potential correlation with disease-free survival were also compared. ResultsFifty-two patients were included for this study. Significant correlations were found between SUV A41% and all the other described SUVs: SUV 50% (r2=0.99; P<0.001), SUV A50% (r2=0.98; P<0.001), SUVmax (r2=0.98; P<0.001), SUV A41% PVC+ (r2=0.97; P<0.001) and SUV A41% glucose (r2=0.93; P<0.001). No correlation was found between volume of interest 41% and SUV A41%, with or without, PVC (P=0.85 and P=0.41). Significant correlations were found between SUVmax corrected for body surface area, SUVmax corrected for body weight (r2=0.96; P<0.001) and SUV corrected for lean body mass (r2=0.98; P<0.001). ROC curves for various SUV methodologies showed an almost identical area under the curve for any type of SUV. ConclusionA strong correlation was found between all the investigated SUV methodologies. Moreover, when looking for correlations between SUV and disease-free survival, the areas under the ROC curves were almost identical for any type of SUV methodology.
The Role of PALB2 in the DNA Damage Response and Cancer Predisposition

The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage response (DDR) is a major feature in the maintenance of genome integrity and in the suppression of tumorigenesis. PALB2 (Partner and Localizer of Breast Cancer 2 (BRCA2)) plays an important role in maintaining genome integrity through its role in the Fanconi anemia (FA) and homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathways. Since its identification as a BRCA2 interacting partner, PALB2 has emerged as a pivotal tumor suppressor protein associated to hereditary cancer susceptibility to breast and pancreatic cancers. In this review, we discuss how other DDR proteins (such as the kinases Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) and ATM- and Rad3-Related (ATR), mediators BRCA1 (Breast Cancer 1)/BRCA2 and effectors RAD51/DNA Polymerase η (Polη) interact with PALB2 to orchestrate DNA repair. We also examine the involvement of PALB2 mutations in the predisposition to cancer and the role of PALB2 in stimulating error-free DNA repair through the FA/HR pathway.
Glycosphingolipid depletion in fabry disease lymphoblasts with potent inhibitors of glucosylceramide synthase.

BACKGROUND Fabry disease is an inherited X-linked disorder resulting in the loss of activity of the lysosomal hydrolase alpha-galactosidase A and causing the clinical manifestations of renal failure, cerebral vascular disease, and myocardial infarction. The phenotypic expression of this disorder is manifest by the accumulation of glycosphingolipids containing alpha-galactosyl linkages, most prominently globotriaosylceramide. METHODS Based on quantitative structure activity studies, we recently reported two newly designed glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors based on 1-phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-pyrrolidino-1-propanol (P4). These inhibitors, 4'-hydroxy-P4 and ethylenedioxy-P4, were evaluated for their ability to deplete globotriaosylceramide and other glucosylceramide-based lipids in Fabry lymphocytes and were compared with N-butyldeoxynojirimycin, another reported glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. RESULTS Concentrations as low as 10 nmol/L of 4'-hydroxy-P4 and ethylenedioxy-P4 resulted in 70 and 80% depletion, respectively, of globotriaosylceramide, with maximal depletion occurring at three days of treatment. There was no impairment of cell growth. In contrast, N-butyldeoxynojirimycin only minimally lowered globotriaosylceramide levels, even at concentrations as high as 10 micromol/L. Globotriaosylceramide depletion was confirmed by the loss of binding of FITC-conjugated verotoxin B subunit to the lymphoblasts. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that selective glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors are highly effective in the depletion of globotriaosylceramide from Fabry cell lines. We suggest that these compounds have potential therapeutic utility in the treatment of Fabry disease.
Robust resource reservation in virtual wireless networks

In this paper, we study resource reservation in virtual wireless networks with the aim of minimizing the operational cost. With this regard, the main constraint facing the operator is that only limited information about future traffic demand is typically available to the operator. To address this issue, we investigate reservation policies that are robust to the worst-case traffic demand which fits the available information i.e., the policies that minimize the worst-case expected operational cost. The problem is formulated for several resource reservation options that are commonly offered in practice. For each case, convexity of the problem is discussed and the its dual form is presented as a semidefinite program. While, semidefinite programs can be solved in polynomial time, the optimal closed-form reservation policies are obtained for several practical cases. Moreover, the worst-case cost of these policies are analytically compared to the expected cost of the algorithm that has full knowledge of the future demand. The theoretical analysis is supplemented with numerical results to demonstrate the behavior of our algorithms in terms of cost in some example traffic scenarios.
The Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson Disease and Suggestions for Future Research. Part I

INTRODUCTION We are at a critical juncture in our knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). It is clear that PD is not a single entity simply resulting from a dopaminergic deficit; rather it is most likely caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors and, although there is extensive new information on the etiology and pathogenesis of PD that may advance its treatment, new syntheses of this information are needed. The first part of this two-part, state-of-the-art review by leaders in Parkinson research critically examines the field to identify where new knowledge and ideas might be helpful for treatment purposes. Topics reviewed in Part I include the definition of the disease, neuropathologic contributions, and epidemiologic, environmental, and demographic issues.
Researchers and the Wealth of Nations

Despite the repeated claim by eminent students of economic growth that scientists and inventors have contributed to economic development, no study has yet quantified this effect using the rich historical record of great minds. Introducing a novel database of per capita researchers since the antiquity, we show that the history of research activity (corrected for geographical biases) predicts economic growth over the long run better than any other established growth predictor, and that this predictive power, while subject to swings, has been consistently increasing through time over the long run. These conclusions are drawn after presenting a number of facts suggesting that forces exogenous to income and population growth have determined how intensively countries have engaged in research. In contrast to a large body of literature, we find that property rights and schooling have been of minor importance for research and for economic growth through modern history.Our estimated dynamic impact of researcher densities on economic growth are very consistent through a variety of samples and regressions, based either on cross-sectional or on time-series variance. Permanently doubling the number of researchers per capita had barely an impact in 1800, but today its impact might be an increase of annualized economic growth rates of 1% in a 20-years span.
Identifying the Period of RMB Appreciation or Depreciation Expectation Pressure with Markov Regime-Switching Model

In this paper the fluctuation characteristics of RMB non-deliverable forward rate(CNYNDF) has been analyzed using three states Markov regime-switching model,by which the non-linear characteristic of the fluctuation of exchange rate expectation was considered.Empirical analysis shows that:(1) During the international financial crisis from the second half of 2007 to the beginning of 2009,CNYNDF exchange rate abnormally fluctuated and successively in appreciation and depreciation,also that the long-term CNYNDF volatility was more significantly affected by "U-shape" trend of USD,which reveals that the expectation of speculators was more sensitive to the fluctuation of international financial markets;(2) Around June 19th 2010 at which time China's central bank secondarily reformed the exchange regime,CNYNDF exchange rate experienced a period of abnormal regime with high volatility before it reinstated in the stable regime characterized by low fluctuation,and there was a period of time when the appreciation expectation pressure of RMB was intensively released.The results above identify the period during which appreciation or depreciation expectation pressures are accumulated,and show the different expectations of different market players.It is believed that the results provide a valuable reference of stabilizing RMB exchange rate expectation for China's central bank.
Evaluating Short-Term Drug Effects Using a Physician-Specific Prescribing Preference as an Instrumental Variable

Background: Postmarketing observational studies of the safety and effectiveness of prescription medications are critically important but fraught with methodological problems. The data sources available for such research often lack information on indications and other important confounders for the drug exposure under study. Instrumental variable methods have been proposed as a potential approach to control confounding by indication in nonexperimental studies of treatment effects; however, good instruments are hard to find. Methods: We propose an instrument for use in pharmacoepidemiology that is based on a time-varying estimate of the prescribing physician's preference for one drug relative to a competing therapy. The use of this instrument is illustrated in a study comparing the effect of exposure to COX-2 inhibitors with nonselective, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications on gastrointestinal complications. Results: Using conventional multivariable regression adjusting for 17 potential confounders, we found no protective effect due to COX-2 use within 120 days from the initial exposure (risk difference = −0.06 per 100 patients; 95% confidence interval = −0.26 to 0.14). However, the proposed instrumental variable method attributed a protective effect to COX-2 exposure (−1.31 per 100 patients; −2.42 to −0.20) compatible with randomized trial results (−0.65 per 100 patients; −1.08 to −0.22). Conclusions: The instrumental variable method that we have proposed appears to have substantially reduced the bias due to unobserved confounding. However, more work needs to be done to understand the sensitivity of this approach to possible violations of the instrumental variable assumptions.
An Assessment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among Retired Military Personnel in Makurdi Metropolis, Nigeria

This study investigated post traumatic stress disorder among retired military personnel in Makurdi Metropolis. The study employed an ex-post facto cross-sectional survey method where two hundred and ninety two (292) retired military personnel with ages ranging from 38-88 years (Mean= 59.21, SD = 9.82) participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting of three sections was used to collect data. Results of Multiple Regression showed that, education, emotional detachment and social stigma independently and jointly contributed to post traumatic stress among retired military personnel (R=.304, F(5,274)=3.498, p<. 001). Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation equally showed a significant positive relationship between coping abilities and post-traumatic stress disorder among retired military personnel r(290) = . 96 p <. 001. Based on the findings of the study, it was therefore recommended that conscious efforts should be made to improve the condition of the serving and retired military personnel suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder. The study also recommended that more researches should be conducted in the study area for further identification of the long term solution of problems of posttraumatic stress disorder among military personnel using larger sample sizes.
Estimating aggregate quantile-specific gross rental yields for residential housing in Sydney

Gross rental yields are an important ingredient when measuring the cost of owning a property which is used by investors and policy makers to assess housing markets. This paper develops a methodology to construct quality-adjusted, quantile-specific gross rental yields to analyse an entire housing market and therefore combines an adapted propensity score matching strategy with hedonic quantile regression techniques. The methodology is applied on a detailed data set of house transactions and asking rents in Sydney between 2004 and 2014 and finds strong temporal variation as well as decreasing rental yields over the distribution as expected from theoretical considerations.
WCA Recommendations for the Long-Term Treatment of Social Phobia

ABSTRACT What is the best approach for treating patients with social phobia (social anxiety disorder) over the long term? Social phobia is the most common anxiety disorder, with reported prevalence rates of up to 18.7%. Social phobia is characterized by a marked and persistent fear of being observed or evaluated by others in social performance or interaction situations and is associated with physical, cognitive, and behavioral (ie, avoidance) symptoms. The onset of social phobia typically occurs in childhood or adolescence and the clinical course, if left untreated, is usually chronic, unremitting, and associated with significant functional impairment. Social phobia exhibits a high degree of comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse/dependence. Few people with social phobia seek professional help despite the existence of beneficial treatment approaches. The efficacy, tolerability, and safety of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), evidenced in randomized clinical trials, support these agents as first-line treatment. The benzodiazepine clonazepam and certain monoamine oxidase inhibitors (representing both reversible and nonreversible inhibitors) may also be of benefit. Treatment of social phobia may need to be continued for several months to consolidate response and achieve full remission. The SSRIs have shown benefit in longterm treatment trials, while long-term treatment data from clinical studies of clonazepam are limited but support the drug's efficacy. There is also evidence for the effectiveness of exposure-based strategies of cognitive-behavioral therapy, and controlled studies suggest that the effects of treatment are generally maintained at long-term follow-up. In light of the chronicity and disability associated with social phobia, as well as the high relapse rate after short-term therapy, it is recommended that effective treatment be continued for at least 12 months.
An Improved Backward/Forward Sweep Load Flow Algorithm for Radial Distribution Systems

This letter presents an improved backward/ forward sweep algorithm for three-phase load-flow analysis of radial distribution systems. In the backward sweep, Kirchhoff's Current Law and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law are used to calculate the upstream bus voltage of each line or a transformer branch. Then, the linear proportional principle is adopted to find the ratios of the real and imaginary components of the specified voltage to those of the calculated voltage at the substation bus. In the forward sweep, the voltage at each downstream bus is then updated by the real and imaginary components of the calculated bus voltage multiplying with the corresponding ratio. The procedure stops after the mismatch of the calculated and the specified voltages at the substation is less than a convergence tolerance. The proposed algorithm is tested with three IEEE benchmark distribution systems. Results show that the algorithm is accurate and computationally efficient in comparing with two other commonly used methods
Leucine Catabolism and Incorporation into Tissue Proteins in Thyroparathyroidectomized Rats 1

Abstract We investigated parameters of leucine metabolism in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPX) and pair-fed control rats using a technique of continuous infusion of [1-14C]leucine. The rate of leucine turnover was significantly smaller in TPX than in control rats (42.5 ± 2.6 vs 35.1 ± 1.9 μmole/hr/100 g, mean ± SEM, six rats). There was no significant difference between rates of α-decarboxylation of leucine by the two groups of rats. The protein incorporation of leucine was significantly smaller in the muscle of TPX than control rats (39 ± 5 vs 24 ± 4 pmole/mg protein, mean ± SEM, six rats) but in liver it was not significantly different. Thyroparathyroidectomy also had no significant effect on concentration of either leucine or its ketoacid (α-ketoisocaproate) in plasma, liver, and muscle. We conclude that hypothyroidism does not alter catabolism of leucine but reduces its incorporation into muscle protein.