Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modelling of Glucose‐Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon‐like Peptide‐1 following Ingestion of Glucose

The incretin hormones, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), play an important role in glucose homeostasis by potentiating glucose‐induced insulin secretion. Furthermore, GLP‐1 has been reported to play a role in glucose homeostasis by inhibiting glucagon secretion and delaying gastric emptying. As the insulinotropic effect of GLP‐1 is preserved in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), therapies based on GLP‐1 have been developed in recent years, and these have proven to be efficient in the treatment of T2D. The endogenous secretion of both GIP and GLP‐1 is stimulated by glucose in the small intestine, and the release is dependent on the amount. In this work, we developed a semimechanistic model describing the release of GIP and GLP‐1 after ingestion of various glucose doses in healthy volunteers and patients with T2D. In the model, the release of both hormones is stimulated by glucose in the proximal small intestine, and no differences in the secretion dynamics between healthy individuals and patients with T2D were identified after taking differences in glucose profiles into account.
Association of the DASH dietary pattern with insulin resistance and diabetes in US Hispanic/Latino adults: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Objective To examine the association between diet quality and both diabetes status and insulin resistance in Hispanic/Latino adults, and the extent to which differences in diet quality contribute to differences in outcomes across Hispanic/Latino heritage. Research design and methods Cross-sectional study. Data are from 15 942 individuals enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Diet was ascertained using two 24-hour dietary recalls, and diet quality was measured using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score (range: 0–80, lowest to highest). Diabetes status was defined based on self-reported diagnosis, use of antihyperglycemic medications, or unrecognized diabetes (determined by baseline laboratory measures). Insulin resistance was determined using homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The association between DASH and diabetes status was examined using multinomial logistic regression. The association between DASH and HOMA-IR was assessed using linear regression, and we tested whether the association was modified by Hispanic/Latino heritage or diabetes status. Results DASH score was highest in those with self-reported diabetes (controlled) and no medications (44.8%). A higher DASH score was associated with a lower HOMA-IR, and the association was the same regardless of diabetes status (p>0.8 for the interaction). Conclusions The association between DASH and diabetes status was strongest for those with controlled self-reported diabetes and who were not taking antihyperglycemic medications. A higher DASH score was associated with less insulin resistance among Hispanics/Latinos. Differences in DASH scores by Hispanic/Latino heritage did not explain the differences in prevalence of diabetes and insulin resistance reported in the diverse Hispanic/Latino population. Clinical trial number NCT02060344
The Putative Polymerase Sequence of Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Suggests a New Genus within theOrthomyxoviridae

ABSTRACT The infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is an orthomyxovirus-like virus infecting teleosts. The disease caused by this virus has had major economic consequences for the Atlantic salmon farming industry in Norway, Canada, and Scotland. In this work, we report the cloning and sequencing of an ISAV-specific cDNA comprising 2,245 bp with an open reading frame coding for a predicted protein with a calculated molecular weight of 80.5 kDa. The putative protein sequence shows the core polymerase motifs characteristic of all viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Comparison of the conserved motifs with the corresponding regions of other segmented negative-stranded RNA viruses shows a closer relationship with members of the Orthomyxoviridae than with viruses in other families. The putative ISAV polymerase protein (PB1) has a length of 708 amino acids, a charge of +22 at neutral pH, and a pI of 9.9, which are consistent with the properties of the PB1 proteins of other members of the family. Calculations of the distances between the different PB1 proteins indicate that the ISAV is distantly related to the other members of the family but more closely related to the influenza viruses than to the Thogoto viruses. Based on these and previously published results, we propose that the ISAV comprises a new, fifth genus in the Orthomyxoviridae.
The relation between intensity and complexity of coronary artery lesion and oxidative stress in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Objective: Oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between oxidative stress and complexity and intensity of coronary artery disease is less clear. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between oxidative stress markers and the complexity and intensity of coronary artery disease in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: Sixty-seven consecutive patients with an early phase of ACS (<3 h) were included in this single-centre, cross-sectional, prospective study. Syntax and Gensini scores were calculated based on angiographic findings. Patients were divided into two CAD complexity groups according to their Syntax scores: low SYNTAX score (<22) and moderate to high SYNTAX score (>=22). Likewise patients were divided into two CAD severity groups according to the median Gensini score of 64: less intensive CAD with Gensini score (<64) and intensive CAD with Gensini score >=64. Blood samples were taken in 1 hour within administration in order to measure total oxidative status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels determined by Erel method. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated by TOS/TAC. Results: There was no significant difference between the two SYNTAX groups for oxidative stress markers. Median TOS and OSI values were significantly high in the intensive CAD group (p=0.005, p=0.04, respectively). The Gensini score was positively correlated with TOS and OSI (p=0.003, p=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: Oxidative stress markers may be considered supportive laboratory parameters related to CAD intensity but not complexity in ACS patients.
A randomized clinical trial of a supportive versus a skill-based couple-focused group intervention for breast cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of the 2 types of couple-focused group interventions on couples' psychological and relationship functioning, and to examine possible moderators for each intervention. METHOD Three hundred and two women with early stage breast cancer who were recruited within 1 year of diagnosis and their spouses were randomly assigned to either an 8 session enhanced couple-focused group intervention (ECG) or a couples' support group (SG). Couples completed surveys at 4 time points: preintervention, 1 week postgroup, 6 months, and 1 year. RESULTS Analyses indicated that anxiety, depressive symptoms, and cancer-specific distress declined and positive well-being improved for couples enrolled in both ECG and SG. Thus, neither treatment was superior in terms of reduction of distress or improvements in positive well-being. Moderator effects indicated that, among patients reporting higher levels of cancer-specific preintervention distress, anxiety, depression, and well-being over the 1-year postintervention time period were significantly lower among SG couples than ECG couples. When patient cancer-specific preintervention distress was low, these 3 outcomes were more positive in ECG relative to SG. A similar pattern with regard to anxiety was illustrated when the moderator effects for perceived partner unsupportive behavior was examined, and a similar pattern was seen for anxiety and well-being for preintervention marital satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS A couple-focused supportive group therapy may be more effective for distressed patients, whereas a structured, skills-based couples' group therapy may be more effective for less distressed patients. (PsycINFO Database Record
Device fracture and severe tricuspid regurgitation after percutaneous closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect: A case report

We report a case in which fracture of an Amplatzer perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) device occurred within 1 month after placement. This was associated with severe tricuspid regurgitation. Surgical removal of the device and repair of the tricuspid valve was performed with reasonable outcome. We propose a hypothesis on how this complication might have occurred and how it could be prevented. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subcompartmentalization of extracellular extravascular space (EES) into permeability and leaky space with local arterial input function (AIF) results in improved discrimination between high‐ and low‐grade glioma using dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI

To modify the generalized tracer kinetic model (GTKM) by introducing an additional tissue uptake leakage compartment in extracellular extravascular space (LTKM). In addition, an implicit determination of voxel‐wise local arterial input function (AIF) Cp(t) was performed to see whether these changes help in better discrimination between low‐ and high‐grade glioma using dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Applying survey research methods to account for denied access to research sites on private property

Needs for environmental information have led to more emphasis on surveys that assess changing environmental conditions. In order to obtain biological, physical, and chemical measures of environmental change, it is critical to obtain repeated access to research sites. Use of established survey methodology can improve access rates to private property in order to visit randomly selected research sites. Surveys initiated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) were conducted in 1995 and 1996 in Eastern North Dakota to monitor environmental conditions in prairie wetlands. These surveys required written permission from landowners to access private property. A summary of survey research methods designed to improve access rates to sites on private property is presented. Approximately 20% of the landowners who granted access did so in response to telephone calls after attempts by mail failed. The data show that a disproportionate number of accessible sites were located on non-agricultural lands, particularly in 1996. Owners of sites where agricultural land abutted wetlands tended to deny access. This may introduce bias in the monitoring data. A weighting class adjustment procedure was applied to account for any nonresponse bias resulting from denied access. This procedure deals with the imbalance from denied access and at least partially returns a balance to the collected data.
A short-term interest rate model with nonlinear mean reversion

Interest rate models in the literature have assumed that the drift corresponds to a linear autoregressive process or constant. However, the question of whether or not the drift is actually linear has been considered in recent years. Regarding the fact that mean reversion of the interest rate process is an important feature making models complex, this paper introduces a new parameterized nonlinear short rate model, the exponential drift model, which is potentially applicable to describing the mean reversion property of financial processes. Both the new model and popular linear drift models (Chan et al., 1992) are compared through empirical analysis of the Japanese LIBOR rates. The result shows evidence of linear drift in the short term rates.
Genetic determinants of capsular serotype K1 of Klebsiella pneumoniae causing primary pyogenic liver abscess.

BACKGROUND Primary pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae is an emerging infectious disease. Capsular serotype K1 and the magA gene have been reported to be associated with this disease. METHODS The prevalence of magA was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sequences of the magA flanking region were completed by inverse PCR and direct sequencing. Serotyping was performed by double immunodiffusion. Insertion mutations and trans-complementation were used to define the K1 genetic determination region. RESULTS Thirty-five of 42 strains from patients with PLA were magA positive, whereas only 1 of 32 non-PLA strains was magA positive. All 36 magA-positive strains were serotype K1, and the 38 magA-negative strains were not (36/36 vs. 0/38; P<.0001). Sequencing of the magA flanking region revealed a putative capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) region; this region was 25 kb in length and contained 20 open reading frames (ORFs); of these ORFs, 9 were cotranscribed as part of an operon and differed from both MGH78578 and the Chedid strain. Mutation of 4 genes in this region turned the mutant strains anti-K1 negative. Trans-complementation restored the K1 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The operon containing magA is responsible for capsular serotype K1 of K. pneumoniae. Several loci in the operon are unique determinants of K1 strains.
A Fully ZVS Critical Conduction Mode Boost PFC

Boost converter operating in critical conduction mode is widely used in low-power power factor corrector because of its simplicity and low switching losses. The switching loss due to parasitic capacitor discharge at the on-time instant can also be reduced by a valley switching technique. In this paper, we introduce a new driver topology for the high-side switch in a synchronous boost converter operating in the critical conduction mode to obtain full zero-voltage switching. Using the proposed high-side driver topology, the conventional control circuit is sufficient to control the low-side switch, and no additional control circuit is required to adjust the timing of the switches. Finally, the line current distortion is reduced through the use of on-time extension technique to less than 10% in the defined load range. Based on approximate mathematical calculations, two separate distortion reduction circuits are designed to implement the on-time extension technique for both voltage-mode and current-mode control methods.
Psychiatric Diagnosis and Antiretroviral Adherence Among Adolescent Medicaid Beneficiaries Diagnosed With Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Research on adults with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has suggested that psychiatric and substance abuse comorbidities are prevalent in this population, and that these may sometimes be associated with use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and adherence. For adolescents with HIV/AIDS, much less is known about patterns of mental health comorbidity, and even fewer data are available that compare them to socioeconomically comparable youth without HIV/AIDS. Using medical and pharmacy data from 1999 to 2000 Medicaid claims (Medicaid Analytic Extract) from 4 states for beneficiaries aged 12 to 17 years, we identified 833 youth under care for HIV/AIDS meeting study criteria within the HIV/AIDS group, receipt of ART was less likely for youth who had diagnoses of substance abuse, conduct disorders, or emotional disorders than for others. Once ART was initiated, adherence did not significantly differ between adolescents living with a psychiatric condition, and those who were not, with the exception of an association between conduct disorder and lower adherence. Among those with HIV/AIDS, ART use and adherence were more common among youth with higher rates of service use, regardless of psychiatric status. Associations between race and adherence varied by gender: compared with their white counterparts, minority girls had lower, and minority boys had higher adherence.
The potential of distance‐based thresholds and character‐based DNA barcoding for defining problematic taxonomic entities by CO1 and ND1

The mitochondrial CO1 gene (cytochrome c oxidase I) is a widely accepted metazoan barcode region. In insects, the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene region has proved to be another suitable marker especially for the identification of lower level taxonomic entities such as populations and sister species. To evaluate the potential of distance‐based thresholds and character‐based DNA barcoding for the identification of problematic species‐rich taxa, both markers, CO1 and ND1, were used as test parameters in odonates. We sequenced and compared gene fragments of CO1 and ND1 for 271 odonate individuals representing 51 species, 22 genera and eight families. Our data suggests that (i) the combination of the CO1 and ND1 fragment forms a better identifier than a single region alone; and (ii) the character‐based approach provides higher resolution than the distance‐based method in Odonata especially in closely related taxonomic entities.
Parameter learning for multi-factors of entity answer extracting

Entity extraction involves multi-factors, and the different factor has an impact on the answer in varying degrees, this paper presents a machine learning approach to parameter learning for entity answer. Firstly, in view of characteristics of the Question Answering System (QA), we define three elements of the text score, passage score and entity score which influenced the answer extraction, also give the relevant computational method about them. Then collect 400 entity answers of product, person, and organization according to TREC2009 entity task requirements. With the help of search engines, retrieve related pages and calculate the score of the various factors related to the answer respectively. Thereafter compute the score of entity answers according to a linear combination of the various factors. Define an initial score to extract the entity answer and get a sorted list of answers. Finally, mark these entities answer to obtain the correct marked answers corpus, then build parameter learning model by the EM algorithm iterate gradually to find the optimal answer weight of different factors that influenced the answer extraction. We carried on the experiment in the TREC2009 entity task; it shows very good results for this method. The accuracy of entity answer has achieved 88.93%.
Determinants of Price Formation in Jember Regency, Indonesia

Price stability is a prerequisite in maintaining economic growth. Price stability or inflation in Indonesia has become the sole end target of the implementation of the monetary policy framework. However, the dynamic of inflation movement is predicted to result from the increase in commodity prices and domestic demand. This study aims to analyze the behavior of market participants in responding to information that potentially increases and lowers prices and the character of rationality owned by traders in Jember Regency. Based on the results of analysis of the condition of the occurrence of price changes, in general the cases of price increase or decrease are still dominated by the purchase price of the goods themselves. Meanwhile, the results of risk analysis of traders’ preference showed that traders’ response is asymmetric. Traders as the subjects tend to choose the option that gives certainty although it is harmful. The action and reaction between traders in the cases of price increase or decrease in one of the main commodities generate dominant strategies. The dominant strategies are taken when traders are in optimal conditions and react with each other. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016. v7n4p41
A Bcl‐2‐related gene is activated in avian cells transformed by the Rous sarcoma virus.

The oncoprotein p60v‐src encoded by the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) genome is the prototype of non‐receptor tyrosine kinases. More than 50 targets of p60v‐src have been described to date. However, the precise mechanisms of RSV transformation remain to be elucidated. Here, we present the study of a new v‐src‐activated gene, NR‐13, which encodes a protein identified as a new member of the Bcl‐2 family. This protein is localized in the membrane with a pattern already observed with Bcl‐2. In quail embryos, this gene is mainly expressed in neural and muscular tissues. Its expression is dramatically down‐regulated after embryonic day 7 (E7) in the optic tectum. To evaluate a possible role for NR‐13 in the control of apoptotic processes in this particular brain area, in situ hybridization and DNA ladder fractionation studies were performed to correlate NR‐13 expression with typical situations of apoptosis during brain development. Our results support the idea that RSV could activate anti‐apoptotic functions of the host cell resulting in an increase of their lifespan, which could be particularly relevant to tumour formation.
A Sequential Power Flow Algorithm for Islanded Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids

This paper proposes a sequential power flow algorithm for hybrid ac/dc microgrids operating in the islanded mode. Unlike in grid-connected systems, variable, rather than fixed, frequency and voltage are utilized for power coordination between the ac and dc microgrids, respectively. The main challenge is to solve the power flow problem in hybrid microgrids while considering the absence of a slack bus and the coupling between the frequency and dc voltage. In the proposed algorithm, the ac power flow is solved using the Newton-Raphson (NR) method, thereby updating the ac variables and accordingly utilizing these variables in a proposed interlinking converter model for the dc problem. This sequential algorithm is iterated until convergence. The proposed algorithm is generic and can include different operational modes not only for the distributed generation units (DGs), but also for the interlinking converters. Detailed time-domain simulations using PSCAD/EMTDC have validated the algorithm's accuracy. Its robustness and computational cost are contrasted to those of conventional algorithms.
Study on Price Behavior of Stock Markets with Cellular Automata

Present a new cellular automaton(CA) model for simulating the complex dynamics of stock markets.According to typical trading behavior in real stock markets,agents of only two types are adopted: fundamentalists and imitators. This model can be reproduced,in a simple and robust manner,the main characteristics observed in empirical financial time series.Heavy-tailed return distributions due to large price variations can be generated through the imitating behavior of agents.