Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crossing the Line between News and the Business of News: Exploring Journalists’ Use of Twitter

Anglo-American journalism has typically drawn a firm dividing line between those who report the news and those who run the business of news. This boundary, often referred to in the West as a ‘Chinese Wall’, is designed to uphold the independence of journalists from commercial interests or the whims of news proprietors. But does this separation still exist in today’s age of social media and at a time when news revenues are under unprecedented pressure? This article focuses on Twitter, now a widely used tool in the newsroom, analysing the Twitter output of 10 UK political correspondents during the busy party conference season. It examines how they promote their own stories or ‘personal brand’ and whether they are stepping over a once forbidden line, blurring the boundary between news and the business. The research is complemented by interviews with political correspondents and analysis of editorial codes of practice on the use of social media. It draws on a conceptual framework of boundary work (Carlson & Lewis, 2015) to pose the question whether such practice has now become accepted and normalised. The findings suggest that the 10 political correspondents are highly individualistic in their use of Twitter but all have embraced its use to promote their own work plus that of colleagues both inside their own organisation and those working for rival news outlets. Their acceptance of Twitter as a tool for self-promotion and branding suggests that in this area of reporting the practice has become normalised and the wall has been breached.
Solution structure of the cysteine‐rich domain in Fn14, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily

Fn14 is the smallest member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, and specifically binds to its ligand, TWEAK (TNF‐like weak inducer of apoptosis), which is a member of the TNF superfamily. The receptor‐ligand recognition between Fn14 and TWEAK induces a variety of cellular processes for tissue remodeling and is also involved in the pathogenesis of some human diseases, such as cancer, chronic autoimmune diseases, and acute ischaemic stroke. The extracellular ligand‐binding region of Fn14 is composed of 53 amino acid residues and forms a single, cysteine‐rich domain (CRD). In this study, we determined the solution structure of the Fn14 CRD (Glu28‐Ala70) by heteronuclear NMR, with a 13C‐/15N‐labeled sample. The tertiary structure of the CRD comprises a β‐sheet with two strands, followed by a 310 helix and a C‐terminal α‐helix, and is stabilized by three disulfide bonds connecting Cys36‐Cys49, Cys52‐Cys67, and Cys55‐Cys64. Comparison of the disulfide bond connectivities and the tertiary structures with those of other CRDs revealed that the Fn14 CRD is similar to the fourth CRD of TNF receptor 1 (A1‐C2 module type), but not to the CRD of B‐cell maturation antigen and the second CRD of transmembrane activator and CAML (calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand) interactor (A1‐D2 module type). This is the first structural report about the A1‐C2 type CRD that could bind to the known target.
Role of the Cytoplasmic C Terminus of the FliF Motor Protein in Flagellar Assembly and Rotation

ABSTRACT Twenty-six FliF monomers assemble into the MS ring, a central motor component of the bacterial flagellum that anchors the structure in the inner membrane. Approximately 100 amino acids at the C terminus of FliF are exposed to the cytoplasm and, through the interaction with the FliG switch protein, a component of the flagellar C ring, are essential for the assembly of the motor. In this study, we have dissected the entire cytoplasmic C terminus of the Caulobacter crescentus FliF protein by high-resolution mutational analysis and studied the mutant forms with regard to the assembly, checkpoint control, and function of the flagellum. Only nine amino acids at the very C terminus of FliF are essential for flagellar assembly. Deletion or substitution of about 10 amino acids preceding the very C terminus of FliF resulted in assembly-competent but nonfunctional flagella, making these the first fliF mutations described so far with a Fla+ but Mot− phenotype. Removal of about 20 amino acids further upstream resulted in functional flagella, but cells carrying these mutations were not able to spread efficiently on semisolid agar plates. At least 61 amino acids located between the functionally relevant C terminus and the second membrane-spanning domain of FliF were not required for flagellar assembly and performance. A strict correlation was found between the ability of FliF mutant versions to assemble into a flagellum, flagellar class III gene expression, and a block in cell division. Motile suppressors could be isolated for nonmotile mutants but not for mutants lacking a flagellum. Several of these suppressor mutations were localized to the 5′ region of the fliG gene. These results provide genetic support for a model in which only a short stretch of amino acids at the immediate C terminus of FliF is required for flagellar assembly through stable interaction with the FliG switch protein.
AAD/ACMS/ASDSA/ASMS 2012 Appropriate Use Criteria for Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Report of the American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Mohs Surgery, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Association, and the American Society for Mohs Surgery

&NA; The appropriate use criteria process synthesizes evidence‐based medicine, clinical practice experience, and expert judgment. The American Academy of Dermatology in collaboration with the American College of Mohs Surgery, the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Association, and the American Society for Mohs Surgery has developed appropriate use criteria for 270 scenarios for which Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is frequently considered based on tumor and patient characteristics. This document reflects the rating of appropriateness of MMS for each of these clinical scenarios by a ratings panel in a process based on the appropriateness method developed by the RAND Corp (Santa Monica, CA)/University of California–Los Angeles (RAND/UCLA). At the conclusion of the rating process, consensus was reached for all 270 (100%) scenarios by the Ratings Panel, with 200 (74.07%) deemed as appropriate, 24 (8.89%) as uncertain, and 46 (17.04%) as inappropriate. For the 69 basal cell carcinoma scenarios, 53 were deemed appropriate, 6 uncertain, and 10 inappropriate. For the 143 squamous cell carcinoma scenarios, 102 were deemed appropriate, 7 uncertain, and 34 inappropriate. For the 12 lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ scenarios, 10 were deemed appropriate, 2 uncertain, and 0 inappropriate. For the 46 rare cutaneous malignancies scenarios, 35 were deemed appropriate, 9 uncertain, and 2 inappropriate. These appropriate use criteria have the potential to impact health care delivery, reimbursement policy, and physician decision making on patient selection for MMS, and aim to optimize the use of MMS for scenarios in which the expected clinical benefit is anticipated to be the greatest. In addition, recognition of those scenarios rated as uncertain facilitates an understanding of areas that would benefit from further research. Each clinical scenario identified in this document is crafted for the average patient and not the exception. Thus, the ultimate decision regarding the appropriateness of MMS should be determined by the expertise and clinical experience of the physician.
Identification of a Novel Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Inhibitor and Its Effect for Choroidal Neovascularization In Vivo

Purpose: To select a novel orally administered VEGFR-2 (KDR/flk-1) specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor in a murine model of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Methods: From a compound library, potent VEGFR2 inhibitors were selected by VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 and RAF kinases and the proliferation analysis by HUVEC cultures and in vitro tube formation assay. CNV was induced in C57/BL6 mice using diode laser photocoagulation. The antiangiogenic effect of selected compounds was assessed by angiographic examination, in which extent of fluorescein leakage was scored and histological analysis, allowing for measurement of CNV membrane under light microscope. In addition, C57/BL6 mice were treated with daily oral administration of selected compounds for 14 days and body weights were measured. Results: Six compounds that potently inhibited VEGFR-2 were selected for further investigation. Selected compounds-treated conditions showed a dose-dependent inhibition of phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase with an IC50 of 0.0022 to 0.098 μm. Selected compounds did not inhibit the HCT116 proliferation but did demonstrate a strong inhibition effect for VEGFR-2 dependant HUVEC (IC50 = 0.0018 to 0.058 μm). Selected compounds treatment also resulted in a dose-dependent attenuation of in vitro tube formation. In the murine CNV model, #0451 is the most effective compound. The intensity of fluorescein leakage was significantly lower in doses of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg #0451-treated eyes compared to controls. Histologically, CNV membrane volumes were significantly reduced in #0451-treated eyes in a dose-dependent manner. At therapeutic doses of 100 mg/kg or less, there was no significant weight loss between the treated and untreated groups. Conclusion: Oral administration of #0451, a novel VEGFR-2 (KDR/flk-1)-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, demonstrates anti-angiogenic effects in our murine model of CNV. #0451 may be useful to treat the choroidal neovascularization associated with AMD.
Enhanced Analog Beamforming for Single Carrier Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems

Analog beamforming has been considered an attractive technology for future single carrier millimeter-wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems because of the high cost and huge power consumption of mixed-signal devices. Most conventional studies have focused on joint base station and user equipment (BS-UE) analog beamforming with the objective of improving the average signal to noise ratio performance before the baseband equalization. In contrast, this paper aims to optimize the BS-UE analog beamforming vectors in the sense of minimizing the mean square error of the baseband equalized signal. Considering practical implementation requirement, we combine the gradient descent (GD) method and the iterative antenna training (IAT) technique, and propose an iterative local GD (ILGD) algorithm. We analyze the convergence property, bit error rate (BER) performance, training overhead, and computational complexity of the ILGD algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed ILGD algorithm can achieve a gain of more than 2 dB at a BER of $10^{-4}$ over the conventional IAT algorithm with the same training overhead.
Intracellular Distribution of Arf Proteins in Mammalian Cells

Subcellular distributions of the five human Arf proteins were examined, using a set of isoform-specific polyclonal and a pan-Arf monoclonal antibodies. Subcellular fractionation of cultured mammalian cells allowed the demonstration that Arf6 is uniquely localized to the plasma membranes of Chinese hamster ovary cells. The plasma membrane distrubution was unaffected by either GTPγS (guanosine 5′-O-(3-thio)triphosphate) or brefeldin A, an activator and inhibitor of Arf activities, respectively. In contrast, Arf proteins 1, 3, 4, and 5 were predominantly cytosolic but could be recruited to a variety of intracellular membranes, but not plasma membranes, upon incubation in the presence of GTPγS. The GTPγS-promoted binding of the cytosolic Arf proteins to membranes was blocked by brefeldin A. The stable association of Arf6 with plasma membranes and the insensitivity of its localization to either GTPγS or brefeldin A revealed a clear distinction between Arf6 and the other Arf isoforms. Localization of Arf6 to the plasma membrane suggests a unique cellular role for this isoform at the plasma membrane, but failure to find endogenous Arf6 on endocytic structures, including clathrin-coated vesicles, appears inconsistent with the proposed role of Arf6 in assembly of coat structures or endosomes in transfected fibroblasts (1, 2).
Efficient polyadenylation within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat requires flanking U3-specific sequences

During transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus, polyadenylation signals present in the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) are disregarded while the identical polyadenylation signals present in the 3' LTR are utilized efficiently. As both transcribed LTR sequences contain all signals known to be required for efficient polyadenylation, the basis for this differential utilization has been unclear. Here, we describe experiments that suggest that transcribed sequences present within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 LTR U3 region act in cis to enhance polyadenylation within the 3' LTR.
Unconsciousness state identification using phase information extracted by Wavelet and Hilbert transform

This work aims to determine features for the distinction of coma and quasi brain death (QBD) consciousness states by implementing an algorithm for extracting phase information from EEG data using Wavelet/ Hilbert Transform. The relationship between the EEG data recorded from pairs of different electrodes is then quantified by calculating phase synchrony using Shannon entropy, as a phase synchrony index (PSI). Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the significant pairs of electrodes for the features extracted in the different frequency bands. The findings suggest confirm that both Wavelet and Hilbert Transform based phase synchrony analysis provide similar results. In particular, Hilbert Transform might be a more suitable method for phase synchrony analysis to characterize coma or QBD brain states for lower frequency bands. Using non-parametric statistical tools is reliable and does not require strong assumption on the dataset distribution. The algorithm is not designed to be a diagnosis tool; it rather serves as a secondary test to confirm diagnosis. It also has a potential contribution for the systematic distinction of brain states in other areas of EEG-based research.
Feasibility of an Active Game Program in a Dutch Pre-Vocational High School Setting.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the use of an active gaming program in a pre-vocational school over a 1-year period. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Three hundred students (mean age, 13.3 years; range, 12-18 years) were invited to participate and exposed to the active game program called E-sportszone, in which they could participate during the school day and after school. Attendance to E-sportszone was assessed by objectively monitoring over a 1-year period and self-report. Questionnaires about E-sportszone attendance, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior and underlying psychosocial determinants were administered at baseline and after 1 year. RESULTS Forty-two percent of the students attended the E-sportszone at least once. Attendance over the year varied from 1 day through 114 days (median, 3 days) with a peak during the E-sportszone marathon that was organized. Multivariate analysis showed boys used the E-sportszone more than girls (odds ratio [OR] 2.8) and older students were less likely to be users than younger students (OR 0.4). Furthermore, students who had a more positive attitude toward PA (OR 1.5) or who had higher scores on intention to use the E-sportszone (OR 1.5) were more likely to engage in active gaming than those who had lower scores. CONCLUSIONS A substantial group of at-risk students (i.e., high body mass index, low PA, and high level of sedentary behavior) used the E-sportszone at least once. However, frequency of usage was low, resulting in limited contribution to PA behavior. Long-term use was challenging, and future studies should focus on strategies to encourage continued use of active games in this type of pre-vocational school setting.
Humoral and mucosal IgA antibody response to a recombinant 52-kDa cysteine-rich portion of the Entamoeba histolytica galactose-inhibitable lectin correlates with detection of native 170-kDa lectin antigen in serum of patients with amebic colitis.

Humoral and mucosal IgA responses to a recombinant cysteine-rich portion (designated LC3) of the Entamoeba histolytica galactose-inhibitable lectin's 170-kDa subunit were determined in patients with amebic colitis. All patients had 170-kDa amebic antigen in serum, compared with 1 of 50 cyst passers and 1 of 31 controls (P < .01). Seven days after treatment, serum and fecal 170-kDa antigen became undetectable in 12 of the 13 patients (P < .001). Serum anti-LC3 IgA was found in 83.8% of colitis patients, compared with 2% of controls and 12% of asymptomatic cyst passers (P < .001). Salivary and fecal anti-LC3 IgA levels were higher in patients than in cyst passers (P < .001). In conclusion, in amebic colitis, development of humoral and mucosal IgA responses to the recombinant LC3-encoded protein correlates with detection of amebic 170-kDa antigen in serum and feces.
The Role of Intensive Therapy and Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplantation for Chemotherapy‐Sensitive Relapsed and Primary Refractory Non‐Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Identification of Major Prognostic Groups

Patients with intermediate grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) who relapse or fail to achieve a complete remission after anthracycline‐containing induction regimens have a poor outcome with conventional‐dose salvage treatment. This outcome may be improved with intensive therapy and autologous transplantation (ABMT) but even in patients with proven chemotherapy‐sensitive disease, relapse rates of up to 60% are observed. Reliable and powerful prognostic indicators are needed to identify appropriate patients for this expensive procedure and those subjects to whom alternative or additional treatment should be offered. We were interested in testing the hypothesis that tumour burden, and hence remission status immediately prior to transplant, is an important prognostic indicator of survival. We aggressively treated patients with conventional‐dose salvage chemotherapy to maximum tumour response, and tested, by multivariate regression analysis, predictors of outcome post‐transplant. We studied 81 consecutive patients with intermediate grade and immunoblastic NHL who achieved either a partial (PR) or complete remission (CR) following repetitive cycles of conventional‐dose salvage therapy. Intensive therapy consisted of etoposide (60 mg/kg) and intravenous melphalan (160–180 mg/m2) with or without total body irradiation (TBI) followed by infusion of autologous unpurged bone marrow and/or blood cells. The predicted 4‐year survival and progression‐free survival (PFS) with a median follow‐up of 37 months was 58% and 48% (95% confidence interval (CI) 37–55%), respectively. The only factor predictive of outcome was remission status at transplant (P = 0.0001). The PFS at 4 years for the CR group was 61% (95% CI 53–75%). In contrast, only 25% (95% CI 11–40%) of patients undergoing autotransplant in PR were progression free at 4 years. We conclude that remission status at transplant after maximum tumour reduction is a powerful prognostic indicator.
A simplified method to measure the diffusion tensor from seven MR images

Analytical expressions of the diffusion tensor of water, D, and of scalar invariants derived from it, are given in terms of the intensities of seven diffusion‐weighted images (DWIs). These formulas simplify the post‐processing steps required in diffusion tensor imaging, including estimating D in each voxel (from the set of b‐matrices and their corresponding DWIs), and then computing its eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and scalar invariants. In a study conducted using artifact‐free DWIs with high diffusion weighting (bmax ˜ 900 s/mm2), maps of Trace(D) and the Relative and Lattice Anisotropy indices calculated analytically and by multivariate linear regression showed excellent agreement in brain parenchyma of a healthy living cat. However, the quality of the analytically computed maps degraded markedly as diffusion weighting was reduced. Although diffusion tensor MRI with seven DWIs may be useful for clinical applications where rapid scanning and data processing are required, it does not provide estimates of the uncertainty of the measured imaging parameters, rendering it susceptible to noise and systematic artifacts. Therefore, care should be taken when using this technique in radiological applications.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guideline on Surgical Techniques and Technologies for the Management of Patients With Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas.

BACKGROUND Numerous technological adjuncts are used during transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs), including endoscopy, neuronavigation, intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion, and dural closure techniques. OBJECTIVE To generate evidence-based guidelines for the use of NFPA surgical techniques and technologies. METHODS An extensive literature search spanning January 1, 1966, to October 1, 2014, was performed, and only articles pertaining to technological adjuncts for NFPA resection were included. The clinical assessment evidence-based classification was used to ascertain the class of evidence. RESULTS Fifty-six studies met the inclusion criteria, and evidence-based guidelines were formulated on the use of endoscopy, neuronavigation, intraoperative MRI, CSF diversion, and dural closure techniques. CONCLUSION Both endoscopic and microscopic transsphenoidal approaches are recommended for symptom relief in patients with NFPAs, with the extent of tumor resection improved by adequate bony exposure and endoscopic visualization. In select cases, combined transcranial and transsphenoidal approaches are recommended. Although intraoperative MRI can improve gross total resection, its use is associated with an increased false-positive rate and is thus not recommended. There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of neuronavigation, CSF diversion, intrathecal injection, or specific dural closure techniques. The full guidelines document for this chapter can be located at https://www.cns. org/guidelines/guidelines-management-patients-non-functioning-pituitary-adenomas/Chapter_6. ABBREVIATIONS CSF, cerebrospinal fluidNFPA, nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma.
Quality of Life in Acromegaly

Acromegaly is a disease with an important impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Cross-sectional evaluation of HRQoL in patients with acromegaly using generic questionnaires and the specific questionnaire AcroQoL has confirmed severe impairment; active disease, female gender, ageing, disease duration, joint symptoms and prior radiotherapy are associated with worse HRQoL. The most affected dimension is appearance and the least affected, personal relations; comparable results have been observed in Spanish, Dutch, German, English and Turkish speaking patients. Patients with active acromegaly show a worse score (mean range 43–56) than those in remission (mean range 65–71). In longitudinal studies, in patients with stable acromegaly, no change was observed on retesting at 1 month, demonstrating a good test-retest reliability. In patients with active acromegaly, after 6 months of treatment, an improvement in the AcroQoL score was observed (56 ± 20 to 66 ± 18; p < 0.01). The internal consistency of AcroQoL was good (Cronbach’s α >0.7). No correlation between AcroQoL and insulin-like growth factor-I/growth hormone levels was observed, even though a trend was found for the most affected dimension (appearance) and insulin-like growth factor-I (p = 0.051). In summary, HRQoL is severely affected in acromegaly, even in patients with controlled disease. Thus, to optimise management, not only biochemical and radiological parameters but also dimensions that reflect HRQoL should be evaluated in acromegaly.