Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new domain decomposition for B-spline Neural Networks

B-spline Neural Networks (BSNNs) belong to the class of networks termed grid or lattice-based associative memories networks (AMN). The grid is a key feature since it allows these networks to exhibit relevant properties which make them efficient in solving problems namely, functional approximation, non-linear system identification, and on-line control. The main problem associated with BSNNs is that the model complexity grows exponentially with the number of input variables. To tackle this drawback, different authors developed heuristics for functional decomposition, such as the ASMOD algorithm or evolutionary approaches [2]. In this paper, we present a complementary approach, by allowing the properties of B-spline models to be achieved by non-full grids. This approach can be applied either to a single model or to an ASMOD decomposition. Simulation results show that comparable results, in terms of approximations can be obtained with less complex models.
Cooperative learning model using AFL to learn geometry based on creativity perspective

This study aims first to find out who has the better learning achievement among the groups of students learning by using the Students Team Achievement Division (STAD) model with Assessment for Learning (AFL), using STAD with experimental method, and using direct instruction to learn solid geometry. Second, this study aims to find out the students’ learning achievement based on their creativity level. Third, this study aims to explore the interaction between the learning model and the students’ creativity. We conducted this study at some Islamic junior high schools in Klaten, Indonesia. We administered both questionnaire and test to collect the data of learning achievement and creativity, and we used two-way ANOVA to analyse the data. The results suggest that the learning achievement of students who get STAD with AFL was better than the students who get either STAD or direct instruction, while the learning achievement of the students who get STAD was better than the direct instruction model. The learning achievement of students with high creativity was better than of students with medium or low creativity, while the learning achievement of students with medium creativity was better than of students with low creativity. Finally, there was an interaction between the factor of the learning model and the factor of students’ creativity.
Correlation functions for an impenetrable Bose gas with Neumann or Dirichlet boundaries

We study field correlation functions for an impenetrable Bose gas with Neumann or Dirichlet boundaries. We derive the Fredholm minor determinant formulas for the correlation functions in a finite box. In the thermodynamic limit, we express the correlation functions in terms of solutions of non-linear differential equations which was introduced as the generalization of the fifth Painlevé equations.
Scaling Rules for the Energy of Decoder Circuits

A standard VLSI model is used to derive universal lower bounds on the energy of decoder circuits. In the circuit model used, the product of the circuit area and number of clock cycles, or the area-time complexity is proportional to the energy of computation. Lower bounds as a function of block length n are presented for three different circuit paradigms. Firstly, for circuits that compute in parallel, an Ω(n(logn)1/2) scaling rule is shown. Secondly, for circuits that compute serially, an Ω(nlogn) lower bound is presented. Thirdly, for a sequence of decoding circuits in which the number of output pins grows arbitrarily with block length, the energy is shown to grow as Ω(n(logn)1/5). In addition, it is shown that the energy complexity of almost all LDPC decoders that can get close to capacity and whose Tanner graphs are generated according to a uniform standard configuration model must take Ω(n2) area to implement directly.
The Impact of Privacy Concern on M-commerce User Acceptance

By means of mobile communication technology, enterprises can more easily track users and collect their personal information. This has aroused users' privacy concern. This paper explores the impact of privacy concern on m-commerce user acceptance behavior. Privacy concern as a second-order factor includes four dimensions: collection, improper access, information error and secondary usage. The results show that improper access and information error have relatively higher loadings on the second-order factor. Privacy concern significantly affected user risk perception and trust and through them indirectly affected behavioral intention. Thus, m-commerce enterprises should pay more attention to users' privacy concern and take effective measures to alleviate their privacy anxiety.
ACO-Based Search Algorithm in Unstructured P2P Network

Flooding-based search mechanism has been used extensively in unstructured peer-to-peer network such as Gnutella, but the mechanism is not scalable and as a consequence, it consumes a high amount bandwidths and resources. In order to solve the problems, an ACO-based search algorithm is used in this paper. By introducing Ant Colony Optimization, each peer maintains routing table, which store the amount of pheromone corresponding to classification dropped at the link. Based on the pheromone values, a query is flooded to those peers which are most likely to be resources owner. The update of phenomenon depends on the number of documents found and the link cost in query by all ants' collective cooperation. Simulation results show that, compared with Modified-BFS mechanism, the ACO-based search algorithm can effectively improve the search performance, and becomes better than the Modified-BFS as the peers optimize their routing tables while using a much smaller number of messages.
The Importance of Being Different : Product Differentiation and the Duration of Trade

This paper studies how product differentiation affects the dynamics of US import trade. Using nonparametric and semiparametric techniques we find that trade in homogenous and reference priced products is of much shorter duration than trade in differentiated products. Differentiated products have a median survival time of five years; reference priced goods and homogenous products have a median survival time of only two years. As compared with differentiated products the hazard rate for reference priced goods is 16 percent higher and for homogenous goods 20–24 percent higher. Importantly, we find that these results are not driven by small trade relationships. To the contrary, we find that the differences in survival rates among the product types increase when we drop the smallest trade relationships. If we limit our analysis to those observations whose trade value in the first year is greater than $100,000 we find that the hazard rate for reference priced goods is 50 percent higher and for homogenous goods is 60–85 percent higher. These results provide compelling evidence that trade in differentiated goods is different than trade in homogenous goods. ∗Department of Economics, New Jersey Hall, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, besedes@economics.rutgers. edu †Department of Economics, New Jersey Hall, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, prusa@economics.rutgers. edu
Binding Activities and Antitumor Properties of a New Mouse/Human Chimeric Antibody Specific for GD2 Ganglioside Antigen

Purpose: We previously generated a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for the tumor-associated GD2 ganglioside antigen. Here, we describe the development of a chimeric anti-GD2 mAb for more effective tumor immunotherapy. Experimental Design: We cloned the cDNA encoding the immunoglobulin light and heavy chains of the 60C3 anti-GD2 mAb, and constructed chimeric genes by linking the cDNA fragments of the variable regions of the murine light and heavy chains to cDNA fragments of the human κ and γ1 constant regions, respectively. Results: The resultant chimeric anti-GD2 mAb, c.60C3, showed identical binding affinity and specificity to that of its murine counterpart. Both c.60C3 and 60C3 were rapidly internalized by tumor cells at 37°C. When human serum and human natural killer cells were used as effectors in complement-mediated cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, respectively, c.60C3 was more effective in killing GD2-expressing tumor cells. However, c.60C3 was ineffective at inducing cell death by apoptosis, although binding of 60C3 induced apoptotic death in vitro. In an in vivo, GD2-expressing, syngeneic tumor model, i.v. injection of c.60C3, but not of 60C3, significantly suppressed tumor growth in mice (P < 0.0005). Conclusion: Immune effector functions mediated by this antibody and its potentially reduced immunogenicity make chimeric c.60C3 a promising therapeutic agent against neuroectodermic tumors.
Substring matching for clone detection and change tracking

Legacy systems pose problems to maintainers that can be solved partially with effective tools. A prototype tool for determining collections of files sharing a large amount of text has been developed and applied to a 40 megabyte source tree containing two releases of the gcc compiler. Similarities in source code and documentation corresponding to software cloning, movement and inertia between releases, as well as the effects of preprocessing easily stand out in a way that immediately conveys nonobvious structural information to a maintainer taking responsibility for such a system. <<ETX>>
The Use of Omic Technologies Applied to Traditional Chinese Medicine Research

Natural products represent one of the most important reservoirs of structural and chemical diversity for the generation of leads in the drug development process. A growing number of researchers have shown interest in the development of drugs based on Chinese herbs. In this review, the use and potential of omic technologies as powerful tools in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine are discussed. The analytical combination from each omic approach is crucial for understanding the working mechanisms of cells, tissues, organs, and organisms as well as the mechanisms of disease. Gradually, omic approaches have been introduced in every stage of the drug development process to generate high-quality Chinese medicine-based drugs. Finally, the future picture of the use of omic technologies is a promising tool and arena for further improvement in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.
Near-fatal asthma: recognition and management

Purpose of review Near-fatal asthma continues to be a significant problem despite the decline in overall asthma mortality. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of near-fatal asthma. Recent findings Two distinctive phenotypes of near-fatal asthma have been identified: one with eosinophilic inflammation associated with a gradual onset and a slow response to therapy and a second phenotype with neutrophilic inflammation that has a rapid onset and rapid response to therapy. Patients who develop sudden-onset near-fatal asthma seem to have massive allergen exposure and emotional distress. In stable condition, near-fatal asthma frequently cannot be distinguished from mild asthma. Diminished perception of dyspnea plays a relevant role in treatment delay, near-fatal events, and death in patients with severe asthma. Reduced compliance with anti-inflammatory therapy and ingestion of medications or drugs (heroin, cocaine) have been associated with fatal or near-fatal asthma. Summary Near-fatal asthma is a subtype of asthma with unique risk factors and variable presentation that requires early recognition and aggressive intervention.
The self-concept and socio-emotional development of deaf and hard-of-hearing students in different educational settings and their hearing peers in Ethiopia

Mulat, Mekonnen The Self-Concept and Socio-Emotional Development of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students in Different Educational Settings and their Hearing Peers in Ethiopia Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2018, 58 p. (JYU Dissertations ISSN 2489-9003; 41) ISBN 978-951-39-7617-0 (PDF) This thesis examined the socio-emotional problems and self-concept of deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students in different educational settings (special class/ unit, special school) compared to those of hearing students in Ethiopia. Furthermore, the study investigated the transition of DHH students from 4th grade (cycle 1) into 5th grade (cycle 2) in relation to the academic achievement, academic self-concept and their social wellbeing. In this transition DHH students from special class/ unit transited into mainstream education. A total of 103 students selected from seven towns in Ethiopia, representing three groups in different school settings participated in the first study when they were in Grade 4 (Time 1). The second measurement was made after a year on 72 participants who transitioned to Grade 5 (Time 2). The aims of the study were addressed in three sub studies. Data was collected using the self-report version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997) to measure the socio-emotional aspects and the Self-Description Questionnaire (SDQ-I, Marsh, 1990) to measure the multidimensional aspects of children’s self-concept. The results showed that, compared to the hearing sample, the DHH students experienced more severe socioemotional problems across all dimensions. In comparison to their hearing peers, DHH students (regardless of their educational setting) had a lower self-concept in the areas of general self, general school, reading, and parental relations. The DHH students in the special school showed a higher self-concept in regard to their physical appearance than the hearing and DHH students in the special class. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the self-concept dimensions of peer relations, mathematics, and physical abilities. The academic achievement and academic self-concept of DHH students decreased when they transferred to the mainstream setting, while the academic achievement and selfconcept of the DHH students continuing in a special school remained stable. All three groups showed improvements in their social self-concept after the transition. The results show that DHH children expressed great concern about their socioemotional difficulties, academic achievement and self-concept. Teachers and other professionals need to know more about the DHH children’s socio-emotional development to help better these children overcome their challenges.
Origin and evolution of magnetars

We present a population synthesis study of the observed properties of the magnetars investigating the hypothesis that they are drawn from a population of progenitors that are more massive than those of the normal radio pulsars. We assume that the anomalous X-ray emission is caused by the decay of a toroidal or tangled up field that does not take part in the spin-down of the star. Our model assumes that the magnetic flux of the neutron star is distributed as a Gaussian in the logarithm about a mean value that is described by a power law , where Mp is the mass of the progenitor. We find that we can explain the observed properties of the magnetars for a model with Φ0= 2 × 1025 G cm2 and γ= 5 if we suitably parametrize the time evolution of the anomalous X-ray luminosity as an exponentially decaying function of time. Our modelling suggests that magnetars arise from stars in the high-mass end (20 M⊙≤Mp≤ 45 M⊙) of this distribution. The lower mass progenitors are assumed to give rise to the radio pulsars. The high value of γ can be interpreted in one of two ways. It may indicate that the magnetic flux distribution on the main sequence is a strong function of mass and that this is reflected in the magnetic fluxes of the neutron stars that form from this mass range (the fossil field hypothesis). The recent evidence for magnetic fluxes similar to those of the magnetars in a high fraction (∼25 per cent) of massive O-type stars lends support to such a hypothesis. Another possibility is that the spin of the neutron star is a strong function of the progenitor mass, and it is only for stars that are more massive than ∼20 M⊙ that magnetar-type fields can be generated by the α−ω dynamo mechanism (the convective dynamo hypothesis). In either interpretation, it has to be assumed that all or a subset of stars in the mass range ∼20–45 M⊙, which on standard stellar evolution models lead to black holes via the formation of a fall-back disc, must give rise to magnetars. Unlike with the radio pulsars, the magnetars only weakly constrain the birth spin period, due to their rapid spin-down. Our model predicts a birthrate of ∼1.5–3 × 10−3 yr−1 for the magnetars.
Learning and Belief Elicitation : Observer Effects by

This paper asks a simple methodological question about belief elicitation: Does asking subjects about their beliefs during a repeated game change the way subjects play the game? In particular, we ask if belief elicitation changes behavior in the direction of belief based learning models, away from reinforcement learning models. Based on a carefully designed laboratory experiment, we show that play is indeed affected by eliciting players beliefs. More importantly, however, the effect is not simply a parametric shift in favor of one or another theory. What we instead observe is that subjects behave as if they construct mental models of their opponents that are both more sophisticated and robust in the presence of belief elicitation. Finally we show that game theoretically motivated learning models fit the behavioral data much better when the action data is generated jointly with belief elicitation than when it is generated without. This supports the conjecture that eliciting beliefs make subjects behave in a more game theoretic manner. Our findings have serious implications both for the choice of econometric models when testing game theoretic and learning models, and for the ability to test these models based on stated, rather than empirical beliefs
SNIPR: Complementing code search with code retargeting capabilities

This paper sketches a research path that seeks to examine the search for suitable code problem, based on the observation that when code retargeting is included within a code search activity, developers can justify the suitability of these results upfront and thus reduce their searching efforts looking for suitable code. To support this observation, this paper introduces the Snippet Retargeting Approach, or simply SNIPR. SNIPR complements code search with code retargeting capabilities. These capabilities' intent is to help expedite the process of determining if a found example is a best fit. They do that by allowing developers to explore code modification ideas in place, without requiring to leave the search interface. With SNIPR, developers engage in a virtuous loop where they find code, retarget code, and select only code choices they can justify as suitable. This assures immediate feedback on retargeted examples and thus saves valuable time searching for appropriate code.
Non-Compositional Term Dependence for Information Retrieval

Modelling term dependence in IR aims to identify co-occurring terms that are too heavily dependent on each other to be treated as a bag of words, and to adapt the indexing and ranking accordingly. Dependent terms are predominantly identified using lexical frequency statistics, assuming that (a) if terms co-occur often enough in some corpus, they are semantically dependent; (b) the more often they co-occur, the more semantically dependent they are. This assumption is not always correct: the frequency of co-occurring terms can be separate from the strength of their semantic dependence. E.g. "red tape" might be overall less frequent than "tape measure" in some corpus, but this does not mean that "red"+"tape" are less dependent than "tape"+"measure". This is especially the case for non-compositional phrases, i.e. phrases whose meaning cannot be composed from the individual meanings of their terms (such as the phrase "red tape" meaning bureaucracy). Motivated by this lack of distinction between the frequency and strength of term dependence in IR, we present a principled approach for handling term dependence in queries, using both lexical frequency and semantic evidence. We focus on non-compositional phrases, extending a recent unsupervised model for their detection (Kiela & Clark 2013) to IR. Our approach, integrated into ranking using Markov Random Fields (Metzler & Croft 2005), yields effectiveness gains over competitive TREC baselines, showing that there is still room for improvement in the very well-studied area of term dependence in IR.
Atoh1 expression levels define the fate of rat cochlear nonsensory epithelial cells in vitro

Atonal homolog 1 (Atoh1) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is essential for inner ear hair cell differentiation. Previous studies have reported that Atoh1 gene transfer induces the production of ectopic hair cell-like cells (EHCLCs). In the present study, the effect of different Atoh1 expression levels and the duration of EHCLC formation on the lesser epithelial ridge (LER) of cochleae was examined using a human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vector encoding atoh1 and the reporter gene EGFP. Different Ad5-EGFP-atoh1/Ad5-EGFP virus titers were added to cultured cochlear explants and EHCLCs were detected in the LER at various time points. The results demonstrated that GFP alone did not induce EHCLCs. By contrast, Atoh1 expression induced EHCLCs as early as 2.5–5 days following EGFP-atoh1 infection in the LER and depending upon the viral titer, the number of EHCLCs increased with time. Higher Ad5-EGFP-atoh1 titers induced enhanced Atoh1 expression, resulting in an increase in EHCLCs. Lower Ad5-EGFP-atoh1 titers required more time for EHCLC formation and very low titers of Ad5-EGFP-atoh1 induced only weak Atoh1 expression and did not trigger EHCLC formation. In conclusion, the present study utilized an appropriate Ad5-EGFP-atoh1 titer range to induce Atoh1 expression and the subsequent production of EHCLCs. The results revealed that the Atoh1 expression level defined the fate of LER cells as either EHCLCs or nonsensory epithelial cells. This evidence may provide an important guideline for future studies into gene therapy strategies for the treatment of deafness.
Achieving the information rate region for two sources two sinks network coding: An extended work

In single-source network coding, we are interested in characterizing the maximum rate at which information can be multicast from the source node to all the sink nodes, this is accomplished by the mean of Max-Flow-Min-Cut theorem. In multi-source network coding the problem is different and more complicated; we are interested in characterizing the information rate region and the capacity region. In this work, which is an extension to our previous work [12], we found the inner and outer bounds of information rate region for two sources two sinks network coding; we achieved these bounds by using the Max-Flow constraints. Our multicasting algorithm is based on decomposing the current problem to three sub-problems: a multicast network coding sub-problem and two multi-commodity flow sub-problems