Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MOSFET implant failure analysis using plane-view scanning capacitance microscopy coupled with nano-probing and TCAD modeling

This paper presents MOSFET implant failure analysis using plane view scanning capacitance microscopy (PVSCM) at silicon substrate level. Failing transistors are characterized by nano-probing (NP) at contact level. The cause of failure was deduced from the combination of PVSCM, IV characteristics from NP measurement, and TEM cross-section analysis. Technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulation was implemented for failure modeling and SCM data verification. Failure analysis case studies of samples manufactured by 65 nm and 45 nm process are presented.
Fisher Information in Gaussian Graphical Models

This note summarizes various derivations, formulas and computational algorithms relevant to the Fisher information matrix of Gaussian graphical models with respect to either an exponential parameterization (related to the information form) or the corresponding moment parameterization. 1 Gauss-Markov Models The probability density of a Gaussian random vector x ∈ R may be expressed in information form: p(x) ∝ exp{− 1 2 x Jx + h x} with parameters h ∈ R and J ∈ R, where J is a symmetric positive-definite matrix. The mean and covariance of x are given by: μ , p[x] = Jh P , p[(x − μ) (x − μ)] = J where we denote expectation of f(x) with respect to p by p[f ] , ∫ p(x)f(x)dx. In this note, we focus on the zero-mean case μ = 0. Thus, h = 0 as well. A Gaussian distribution is Markov on a graph G = (V,E), with vertices V = {1, . , n}, if and only if Jij = 0 for all {i, j} 6∈ E. Thus, Markov models have a reduced information parameterization based on a sparse J matrix. 2 Exponential Family and Fisher Information The Gaussian distributions can also be represented as an exponential family : p(x) = exp{θ φ(x) − Φ(θ)} with parameters θ ∈ R and sufficient statistics φ : R → R. To obtain the information form we define statistics: φ(x) = (xi , i ∈ V ) ∪ (xixj , {i, j} ∈ E) The corresponding exponential parameters then correspond to elements of the information matrix: θ = (− 1 2 Jii, i ∈ V ) ∪ (−Jij , {i, j} ∈ E)
A Succinct Overview of Virtual Reality Technology Use in Alzheimer’s Disease

We provide a brief review and appraisal of recent and current virtual reality (VR) technology for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) applications. We categorize them according to their intended purpose (e.g., diagnosis, patient cognitive training, caregivers’ education, etc.), focus feature (e.g., spatial impairment, memory deficit, etc.), methodology employed (e.g., tasks, games, etc.), immersion level, and passive or active interaction. Critical assessment indicates that most of them do not yet take full advantage of virtual environments with high levels of immersion and interaction. Many still rely on conventional 2D graphic displays to create non-immersive or semi-immersive VR scenarios. Important improvements are needed to make VR a better and more versatile assessment and training tool for AD. The use of the latest display technologies available, such as emerging head-mounted displays and 3D smart TV technologies, together with realistic multi-sensorial interaction devices, and neuro-physiological feedback capacity, are some of the most beneficial improvements this mini-review suggests. Additionally, it would be desirable that such VR applications for AD be easily and affordably transferable to in-home and nursing home environments.
Directional Component Detection via Markov Clustering in Directed Networks

Community detection has been one of the fundamental problem s in network analysis. Past studies mainly focused on detecting ommunities in undirected networks. However, several real net works are directed, e.g. World Wide Web, paper citation networks a nd Twitter’s follower-followee network. Although some studi es proposed algorithms for directed networks, few of them conside re that nodes play two different roles, source and terminal, in a directed network. In this paper, we adopt a novel concept of com munities,directional components , and propose a new algorithm based on Markov Clustering to detect directional components in a d irected network. We then compare our algorithm, Dual R-MCL, o n synthetic networks with two recent algorithms also designe d for detecting directional components. We show that Dual R-MCL can detect directional components with significantly higher accu ra y than the two other algorithms. Additionally, Dual R-MCL is 3x~25 x faster than the two other algorithm on networks with ten thou sand nodes when achieving high accuracy. The results show that Du l R-MCL is robust with noise and can efficiently detect directi onal components.
Why Deterrence is not enough: The Role of Endogenous Motivations on Employees' Information Security Behavior

Information systems security (ISS) is an increasingly critical issue for companies worldwide. In 2013 cybercrime has caused losses worth US $113 billion affecting 378m victims (Norton Symantec Cybercrime Report 2013). Besides criminal attacks and system malfunctions, human error is the major reason for information security incidents. Hence, refining our understanding how employees’ behavior regarding information security can be explained and influenced is a top priority in academia and business practice (D’Arcy et al. 2009; Siponen and Vance 2010). In this respect, numerous studies have examined the role of deterrence mechanisms such as monitoring or sanctioning on individual security compliance. A perspective largely neglected by prior research is the role of endogenous motivations (Siponen and Oinas-Kukkonen 2007), although studies in adjacent fields have shown the effectiveness of motivational intervention strategies (Wunderlich et al. 2013). Our study seeks to close this gap by examining how endogenous motivations influence individual ISS-related behavior. Our proposed model integrates the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the organismic integration theory (OIT) ‐ a sub-theory of the self-determination theory (SDT). We empirically test the model using a sample of 444 employees from different organizations. The results show that when employees’ personal values and principles are congruent with their employer’s ISS-related prescriptions and goals their intention to comply with security policies significantly increases. On the contrary, we find no impact on compliance intention when employees perceive their actions as a result of external pressures and coercion. The study’s findings advance our understanding of the motivational processes underlying security compliant behavior and provide numerous implications for researchers and practitioners.
Sleeping Worries Away or Worrying Away Sleep? Physiological Evidence on Sleep-Emotion Interactions

Recent findings suggest that sleep might serve a role in emotional coping. However, most findings are based on subjective reports of sleep quality, while the relation with underlying sleep physiology is still largely unknown. In this study, the impact of an emotionally distressing experience on the EEG correlates of sleep was assessed. In addition, the association between sleep physiological parameters and the extent of emotional attenuation over sleep was determined. The experimental set up involved presentation of an emotionally neutral or distressing film fragment in the evening, followed by polysomnographic registration of undisturbed, whole-night sleep and assessment of emotional reactivity to film cues on the next evening. We found that emotional distress induced mild sleep deterioration, but also an increase in the proportion of slow wave sleep (SWS) and altered patterning of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Indeed, while REM sleep occurrence normally increases over the course of the night, emotional distress flattened this distribution and correlated with an increased number of REM periods. While sleep deterioration was negatively associated to emotional attenuation over sleep, the SWS response was positively related to such attenuation and may form part of a compensatory response to the stressor. Interestingly, trait-like SWS characteristics also correlated positively with the extent of emotion attenuation over sleep. The combined results provide strong evidence for an intimate reciprocal relation between sleep physiology and emotional processing. Moreover, individual differences in subjects' emotional and sleep responses suggest there may be a coupling of certain emotion and sleep traits into distinct emotional sleep types.
Efficiency scaling law for the two‐stream amplifier

The mechanism of conversion from the kinetic energy of electron beams to electromagnetic wave energy is investigated in the two‐stream amplifier. It is shown that the optimal efficiency of the amplifier scales according to ΔV/V for relativistic electron beams and (ΔV/V)2 for nonrelativistic electron beams, where ΔV is the axial velocity difference in the two beams and V is the mean axial beam velocity. This scaling law not only explains intrinsically low efficiencies (≲5%) observed in numerous nonrelativistic two‐stream amplifier experiments, but also predicts that the optimal efficiency of a relativistic two‐stream amplifier is typically greater than that of a nonrelativistic two‐stream amplifier by one order of magnitude.
Power-Aware Metrics for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract Energy conservation is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks for node and network life, as the nodes are powered by batteries. One way of doing so is to use only local information available to the nodes in the network. This article evaluates a number of power-aware routing protocols based on local information only. The simulation shows that basing the routing decision on the remaining power of neighbouring nodes is not by itself enough. Instead, using the directional value and the sum of power remaining at the next neighbours gives the routing protocol a broader perspective about the condition of the network from a local point of view and enhances the decision process.
Low-dimensional spreading matrices for multiuser space-time modulation

In a previous paper we proposed a multiuser space-time modulation scheme that leverages single-user space-time constellations and guarantees both, a full diversity order, as well as an asymptotic (high SNR) single-user like performance for every user. This is achieved by multiplying each user's space-time information matrix symbol by a low-dimensional "spreading matrix. " For instance, for N/sub T/-transmit antennas per user and if the single-user space-time constellation employed requires only the minimum dimension N/sub T/, no more than N/sub T/+1 dimensions are required for the common signal space of all users, i.e., each user's spreading matrix is of size (N/sub T/+1)/spl times/N/sub T/, independent of the number of users. In this paper, we present a simplified design criterion to obtain these spreading matrices by numerical optimization. Since the columns of each user's spreading matrix are constrained to be orthonormal, we propose to perform the optimization using a parameterization of the Grassmann manifold. A special feature of the simplified criterion, and thus of the resulting spreading matrices, is that they are independent of the particular single-user space-time constellations (of a given dimension), so that different spectral efficiencies can be attained without changing or redesigning the spreading matrices.
Three‐Dimensional linear and nonlinear transformations: An integration of light microscopical and MRI data

The registration of image volumes derived from different imaging modalities such as MRI, PET, SPECT, and CT has been described in numerous studies in which functional and morphological data are combined on the basis of macrostructural information. However, the exact topography of architectural details is defined by microstructural information derived from histological sections. Therefore, a technique is developed for integrating micro‐ and macrostructural information based on 1) a three‐dimensional reconstruction of the histological volume which accounts for linear and nonlinear histological deformations, and 2) a two‐step procedure which transforms these volumes to a reference coordinate system. The two‐step procedure uses an extended principal axes transformation (PAT) generalized to affine transformations and a fast, automated full‐multigrid method (FMG) for determining high‐dimensional three‐dimensional nonlinear deformations in order to account for differences in the morphology of individuals. With this technique, it is possible to define upwards of 1,000 times the resolution of ∼1 mm in MRI, making possible the identification of geometric and texture features of microscopically defined brain structures. Hum. Brain Mapping 6:339–347, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variable stem-final fricative voicing in American English plurals: Different pa[ð ~ θ]s of change

Abstract This paper investigates analogical leveling in a small set of English nouns that have irregular plural forms. In these nouns, all of which end in a voiceless fricative, the fricative standardly voices in the plural (e.g., wolf–wol[v]es, path–pa[ð]s, house–hou[z]es). Using audio data from three large spoken corpora of American English, I demonstrate that this stem-final fricative voicing is variable and conditioned by a number of factors, most notably the identity of the stem-final fricative—with /f/-final lexemes (e.g., wolf), /θ/-final lexemes (e.g., path), and the /s/-final lexeme house all patterning differently in apparent time—and the frequency of a lexeme in its plural form. I argue that the way these two factors affect the variation is reminiscent of the patterns seen in children's first language acquisition errors, providing a potential source for the variation and underscoring the importance of considering morphophonological factors when accounting for patterns of change.
Spectra of soft ring graphs

We discuss a ring-shaped soft quantum wire modelled by δ interaction supported by the ring with a generally nonconstant coupling strength. We derive the condition which determines the discrete spectrum of such systems, and analyse the dependence of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions on the coupling and ring geometry. In particular, we illustrate that a random component in the coupling leads to a localization. The discrete spectrum is also investigated in the situation when the ring is placed into a homogeneous magnetic field or threaded by an Aharonov–Bohm flux and the system exhibits persistent currents. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
An Experimental Evaluation of Urban Networking using IEEE 802.11 Technology

A new opportunity to reuse existing broadband access infrastructure has arisen by the high penetration of IEEE 802.11 technology family. DSL routers and cable modems with built-in WLAN capabilities allow broadband private customers to share bandwidth with third parties in a safe and controlled way. The success of this approach is highly dependant on the performance of WiFi technology in urban areas. It is critical to experimentally evaluate IEEE 802.11 deployments in places such as houses, flats, parks and offices. This paper describes a solution that enables controlled sharing of existing broadband connections to increase wireless access coverage. The feasibility of our solution is pondered by performing a thorough study of urban networking using IEEE 802.11 technology. We evaluate the performance of this technology in urban environments and analyze the impact of typical factors such as (i) access point elevation in relation to the mobile client, (ii) inter-floor connectivity in urban buildings and (iii) widely used hardware. Using the collected data, we estimate the potential service range for those opening their broadband connections. The results suggest that sharing private connections could exponentially increase wireless coverage in urban areas
Real-time internet traffic identification based on decision tree

Real-time Internet traffic identification is always a hot research topic in recent years. It involves quality of service, network accounting, Intrusion Detection and so on. Traditional identification approaches, such as those based on port and payload analysis, are no longer applicable in actual networks. In this paper we present a machine-learning approach, independent of port numbers, to accurately classify Internet traffic using decision tree. In our work, we think over not only the accuracy, but also the time cost. We use FCBF to remove redundant features and C4.5 algorithm to build the classification model and guarantee both accuracy and efficiency.
The Application Areas of Clay Minerals in Agriculture

Kuresel kirleticilerin cevreye olan onemli zararli etkilerden dolayi kil minerallerinin tarimda kullanim alanlari genislemistir. Ozellikle organik olarak yetistirilen urunler icin Iyi Tarim Uygulamalari (GAPs) fikri ortaya konulmustur. Bu baglamda Partikul Film Teknolojisi (PFT) gibi birkac inovatif teknoloji, tarimsal sanayii cercevesinde gelistirilmistir. Bunlar, hastaliklar, bocekler, gunes yaralanmalari, donma zararlari ve meyvenin gelisimini tamamlayan renk, karbon asimilasyon orani gibi hasat oncesi ve sonrasi meyve kalitesini etkileyen zararlari azaltmak icin ozel olarak formule edilmis sivi formulasyonlardan olusan, kimyasal olarak inert kil ya da kil mineral partikullerinden olusurlar. Son yirmi yilda cesitli film teknolojisinin gelistirilmesi uzerinde onemli sayida arastirma yapilmistir. Ayrica bahce bitkileri ve cesitli tarla ve sera bitkileri uzerindeki etkileri de arastirilmistir. Bu makalede kil mineralleri ve tarimda uygulamalari le ilgili bilgiler verilmektedir.
Combination treatment for myeloproliferative neoplasms using JAK and pan-class I PI3K inhibitors

Current JAK2 inhibitors used for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) treatment are not specific enough to selectively suppress aberrant JAK2 signalling and preserve physiological JAK2 signalling. We tested whether combining a JAK2 inhibitor with a series of serine threonine kinase inhibitors, targeting nine signalling pathways and already used in clinical trials, synergized in inhibiting growth of haematopoietic cells expressing mutant and wild‐type forms of JAK2 (V617F) or thrombopoietin receptor (W515L). Out of 15 kinase inhibitors, the ZSTK474 phosphatydylinositol‐3′‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor molecule showed strong synergic inhibition by Chou and Talalay analysis with JAK2 and JAK2/JAK1 inhibitors. Other pan‐class I, but not gamma or delta specific PI3K inhibitors, also synergized with JAK2 inhibitors. Synergy was not observed in Bcr‐Abl transformed cells. The best JAK2/JAK1 and PI3K inhibitor combination pair (ruxolitinib and GDC0941) reduces spleen weight in nude mice inoculated with Ba/F3 cells expressing TpoR and JAK2 V617F. It also exerted strong inhibitory effects on erythropoietin‐independent erythroid colonies from MPN patients and JAK2 V617F knock‐in mice, where at certain doses, a preferential inhibition of JAK2 V617F mutated progenitors was detected. Our data support the use of a combination of JAK2 and pan‐class I PI3K inhibitors in the treatment of MPNs.
Hazards of Illicit Methamphetamine Production and Efforts at Reduction: Data from the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance System

Objectives. Methamphetamine (meth) is a highly addictive drug of abuse that can easily be made in small illegal laboratories from household chemicals that are highly toxic and dangerous. Meth labs have been found in locations such as homes, outbuildings, motels, and cars. Its production endangers the “cook,” neighbors, responders, and the environment. This article describes surveillance data used to examine the emergence and public health impacts of illicit clandestine meth labs, as well as two states' efforts to thwart lab operations and prevent responder injuries. Methods. We analyzed data collected from 2001 to 2008 by 18 states participating in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) Program to examine the occurrence and public health impacts of clandestine meth production. Results. HSEES data indicate that the majority of clandestine meth lab events occurred in residential areas. About 15% of meth lab events required evacuation. Nearly one-fourth of these events resulted in injuries, with 902 reported victims. Most victims (61%) were official responders, and one-third were members of the general public. Since 2004, with the implementation of local and federal laws and prevention activities, the number of meth lab events has declined. Increased education and training of first responders has led to decreased injuries among police officers, firefighters, and emergency medical personnel. Conclusions. HSEES data provided a good data source for monitoring the emergence of domestic clandestine meth production, the associated public health effects, and the results of state and federal efforts to promote actions to address the problem.
TraLFM: Latent Factor Modeling of Traffic Trajectory Data

The widespread use of positioning devices (e.g., GPS) has given rise to a vast body of human movement data, often in the form of trajectories. Understanding human mobility patterns could benefit many location-based applications. In this paper, we propose a novel generative model called TraLFM via latent factor modeling to mine human mobility patterns underlying traffic trajectories. The TraLFM is based on three key observations: 1) human mobility patterns are reflected by the sequences of locations in the trajectories; 2) human mobility patterns vary with people; and 3) human mobility patterns tend to be cyclical and change over time. Thus, TraLFM models the joint action of sequential, personal, and temporal factors in a unified way, and brings a new perspective to many applications, such as latent factor analysis and next location prediction. We perform thorough empirical studies on two real datasets, and the experimental results confirm that the TraLFM outperforms the state-of-the-art methods significantly in these applications.
LINKS BETWEEN TELECOMMUTING, SOCIAL SUPPORT AND MENTAL WELL-BEING AMONG TELEWORKERS – A LITERATURE REVIEW

Importance of the topic: Through limited communication possibilities, social support can be provided via structural distance only in a limited way. But exactly social support is a buffer to reduce work-related stress and diseases. The issue of workplace health promotion has so far received little attention in teleworking. The issue of workplace health promotion has so far received little attention in teleworking, which is incomprehensible, because healthy employees are the basis of an agile and competitive company. Aim of the study: The objective of this study is to identify and synthesize what is known about telecommuting, social-support and mental well-being of employees, and how these constructs are linked. Therefore the respective understandings of social-support and of healthy work behind the background of telework has to be elaborated, to develop the underlying interpretations of subjectivity, in order to propose a perspective for empirical investigations of health-oriented (tele-)working conditions. Methods: The study was carried out as a literature review, consisting information found in general and relevant science literature as well as scientific publications researched in common journal-databases. To gain a better understanding of how the constructs are linked, a conceptual model and testable hypotheses are provided. Findings: Proactive work-support, good workplace-relationships, but also support from non-work contexts are closely related to teleworkers’ mental well-being. The question, as to why some employees in the field of telework are mentally stable and can cope with perceived, unfavorable working conditions or lower social support and others fail, can be answered by individual's Sense of Coherence (SoC), a health-related resource and their ability to use available General Resistance Ressources (GRR).