Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adam-Gibbs Formulation of Enthalpy Relaxation Near the Glass Transition

The entropically based nonlinear Adam-Gibbs equation is discussed in the context of phenomenologies for nonlinear enthalpy relaxation within the glass transition temperature range. In many materials for which adequate data are available, the nonlinear Adam-Gibbs parameters are physically reasonable and agree with those obtained from linear relaxation data and thermodynamic extrapolations. Observed correlations between the traditional Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan parameters are rationalized in terms of the Adam-Gibbs primary activation energy (Δμ) determining how close the kinetic glass transition temperature can get to the thermodynamic Kauzmann temperature. It is shown that increased nonlinearity in the glass transition temperature range is associated with greater fragility in the liquid/rubber state above Tg.
Efficiently Securing Systems from Code Reuse Attacks

Code reuse attacks (CRAs) are recent security exploits that allow attackers to execute arbitrary code on a compromised machine. CRAs, exemplified by return-oriented and jump-oriented programming approaches, reuse fragments of the library code, thus avoiding the need for explicit injection of attack code on the stack. Since the executed code is reused existing code, CRAs bypass current hardware and software security measures that prevent execution from data or stack regions of memory. While software-based full control flow integrity (CFI) checking can protect against CRAs, it includes significant overhead, involves non-trivial effort of constructing a control flow graph, relies on proprietary tools and has potential vulnerabilities due to the presence of unintended branch instructions in architectures such as x86-those branches are not checked by the software CFI. We propose branch regulation (BR), a lightweight hardware-supported protection mechanism against the CRAs that addresses all limitations of software CFI. BR enforces simple control flow rules in hardware at the function granularity to disallow arbitrary control flow transfers from one function into the middle of another function. This prevents common classes of CRAs without the complexity and run-time overhead of full CFI enforcement. BR incurs a slowdown of about 2% and increases the code footprint by less than 1% on the average for the SPEC 2006 benchmarks.
Less is more: specification of the germline by transcriptional repression

In animals, the germline is the only lineage that transmits genetic information to the next generation. Although the founder cells of this lineage are specified differently in invertebrates and vertebrates, recent studies have shown that germline specification in C. elegans, Drosophila and mouse depends on the global inhibition of mRNA transcription. Different strategies are used in each organism, but remarkably most target the same two processes: transcriptional elongation and chromatin remodeling. This convergence suggests that a repressed genome is essential to preserve the unique developmental potential of the germline.
A Comparison of Deflation and Coarse Grid Correction Applied to Porous Media Flow

In this paper we compare various preconditioners for the numerical solution of partial dierential equations. We compare a coarse grid correction preconditioner used in domain decomposition methods with a so-called deflation preconditioner. We prove that the effective condition number of the de ated preconditioned system is always, i.e. for all deflation vectors and all restrictions and prolongations, below the condition number of the system preconditioned by the coarse grid correction. This implies that the Conjugate Gradient method applied to the de ated preconditioned system converges always faster than the Conjugate Gradient method applied to the system preconditioned by the coarse grid correction. Numerical results for porous media flows emphasize the theoretical results.
Identity Thieves: Motives and Methods

Although identity theft is one of the fastest growing economic crimes in the United States, researchers have devoted little attention to understanding identity thieves. Basing their work on interviews with 59 inmates serving time in federal prison for a variety of identity theft crimes, Copes and Vieraitis use criminological and sociological theories to gain insight into the cognitive, behavioral, and organizational aspects of identity theft. They also offer policy recommendations to reduce the ever-increasing threat of this crime.
Development of Korean Version of the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire(K-AIHQ)

ObjectivesZZWe studied the psychometric properties of a Korean version of the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (K-AIHQ), which measures hostile social-cognitive biases for use in the research on paranoia. MethodsZZThe translation and back-translation of the AIHQ with concern for the cultural differences were done according to the standard procedure. A sample of 83 healthy volunteers completed the K-AIHQ. ResultsZZThe scores of the K-AIHQ were comparable to the results of the original studies. The Paranoia Scale was correlated with the K-AIHQ, but Magical Ideation and Perceptual Aberration scales were not correlated with the K-AIHQ. The interrater reliabilities of the items in each situation were in the acceptable range. ConclusionZZThe KAIHQ seems to be a reliable and valid test to measure the hostile social cognitive biases of patients with paranoia.
Papular elastosis.

I report two typical cases of a cutaneous disorder caused by sunlight, which is common in Phoenix, Arizona, "The Valley of the Sun." It currently masquerades under the misnomer, adult colloid milium. It generally presents clinically as asymptomatic, shiny, smooth, firm papules, 1 to 10 mm in diameter, involving chronically sun-damaged skin of adults. The papules are generally multiple, but may be solitary, with various colorations. Microscopically, the papules all show severe elastosis involving most of the papillary cutis. It is most important to biopsy these lesions because clinically they may mimic a variety of skin lesions, some of which would require further investigations and therapy. This is a distinct clinical form of severe solar elastosis, which I propose to term papular elastosis.
Massive Galaxies and Extremely Red Objects at z = 1-3 in Cosmological Hydrodynamic Simulations: Near-Infrared Properties

Recent observations have revealed a population of red massive galaxies at high redshift that are challenging to explain in terms of hierarchical galaxy formation models. We analyze this "massive galaxy problem" with two different types of hydrodynamic simulations—Eulerian total variation diminishing (TVD) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)—of a concordance Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) universe. We consider two separate but connected aspects of the problem posed by these extremely red objects (EROs): (1) the mass scale of these galaxies and (2) their red colors. We perform spectrophotometric analyses of simulated galaxies in B, z, R, I, Js, Ks, and K filters and compare their near-infrared (near-IR) properties with observations at redshift z = 1-3. We find that the simulated galaxies brighter than the magnitude limit of KVega = 20 mag have stellar masses M⋆ ≳ 1011 h-1 M☉ and a number density of a few times 10-4 h3 Mpc-3 at z ~ 2, in good agreement with the observed number density in the K20 survey. Therefore, our hydrodynamic simulations do not exhibit the mass-scale problem. The answer to the "redness problem" is less clear because of our poor knowledge of the amount of dust extinction in EROs and the uncertain fraction of star-forming EROs. However, our simulations can account for the observed comoving number density of ~1 × 10-4 Mpc-3 at z = 1-2 if we assume a uniform extinction of E(B - V) = 0.4 for the entire population of simulated galaxies. Upcoming observations of the thermal emission of dust in 24 μm by the Spitzer Space Telescope will help to better estimate the dust content of EROs at z = 1-3 and thus to further constrain the star formation history of the universe and theoretical models of galaxy formation.
DSP Based Acceleration for Long Short-Term Memory Model Based Word Prediction Application

Neural network based deep learning algorithm is a study hotspot in artificial intelligence. Moreover, embedded artificial intelligence and mobile computing are becoming more and more important in industry. For these applications, not only high performance computing is required, but also low power consumption restriction cannot be ignored. DSP has special hardware architecture with characteristics of high performance and low power consumption, which is an ideal computing platform for embedded artificial intelligence. This paper concerns the energy efficiency of DSP under deep learning applications. However, many relative researches are insufficient in application scale and optimization techniques. This research extends application scale and puts forward some optimization methods in detail. Specifically, for the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model based word prediction application, we use TI's high-performance multi-core DSP to accelerate its inference process. We apply a variety of optimization techniques to our initial DSP program. Relative experimental results show that these techniques bring notable performance improvement. Furthermore, we regard the MATLAB program which runs on general CPU and C program which runs on ARM as contrast. In terms of performance and power ratio, DSP is 7.79 times over general CPU and 2.28 times over ARM, which indicates that DSP is a suitable platform for embedded artificial intelligence.
Temperature increase in the extracted and compound eye models

The paper deals with the comparison of the temperature increase due to a high frequency exposure in two realistic human eye models. The first model of the human eye, named extracted eye model is placed in the free space, while the second model of the eye, named compound eye model is included in the detailed human head model obtained from the magnetic resonance imaging scans. The numerical results are obtained using the hybrid finite element/boundary element method (FEM/BEM) formulation for the electromagnetic model, while the thermal dosimetry model based on the use of Pennes bioheat transfer equation is treated via FEM technique. Although qualitatively similar distributions of temperature increase have been obtained for both eye models, further analysis showed that the compound eye model is more suitable when the polarization of the incident EM wave is taken into account. On the other hand, the extracted eye model, due to much easier implementation compared to the compound model, can be found helpful when carrying out the preliminary dosimetric analysis.
A retrospective analysis of 509 consecutive interscalene catheter insertions for ambulatory surgery

Effective pain therapy after shoulder surgery is the main prerequisite for safe management in an ambulatory setting. We evaluated adverse events and hospital re‐admission using a database of 509 interscalene catheters inserted during ambulatory shoulder surgery. Adverse events were recorded for 34 (6.7%) patients (9 (1.8%) catheter dislocations diagnosed in the recovery room, 9 (1.8%) catheter dislocations at home with pain, 2 (0.4%) pain without catheter dislocation, 1 (0.2%) ‘secondary’ pneumothorax without intervention and 13 (2.6%) other). Twelve (2.4%) patients were re‐admitted to hospital (8 (1.6%) for pain, 2 (0.4%) for dyspnoea and 2 (0.4%) for nausea and vomiting), 9 of whom had rotator cuff repair. A well‐organised infrastructure, optimally trained medical professionals and appropriate patient selection are the main prerequisites for the safe, effective implementation of ambulatory interscalene catheters in routine clinical practice.
Cell cycle arrest and aberration yield in normal human fibroblasts. I. Effects of X‐rays and 195 MeV u−1 C ions

Purpose: To examine the relationship between cell proliferation and the expression of chromosomal damage in normal human skin fibroblasts after X‐ray and particle irradiation. Materials and methods: Confluent G0/G1 AG1522B cells were exposed to X‐rays or 195 MeV u−1 C ions with a linear energy transfer of 16.6 keV µm−1 in the dose range 1–4 Gy. Directly after irradiation, cells were reseeded at a low density in medium containing 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine. At multiple time points post‐irradiation, the cumulative BrdU‐labelling index, mitotic index and aberration frequency were measured. Based on these data, the total amount of damage induced within the entire cell population was estimated by means of mathematical analysis. Results: Both types of radiation exposure exert a pronounced effect on the cell cycle progression of fibroblasts. They result in delayed entry of cells into S‐phase and into the first mitosis, and cause a dramatic reduction in mitotic activity. Measurement of chromosomal damage in first‐cycle cells at multiple time points post‐irradiation shows that the frequencies of aberrant cells and aberrations increase with time up to twofold for the lower doses. However, for the higher doses, this effect is less pronounced or even disappears. When the data for the whole cell population are analysed, it becomes evident that only a few damaged fibroblasts can progress to the first mitosis, a response attributable at least in part to a long‐term arrest of injured cells in the initial G0/G1‐phase. As observed in other investigations, the effectiveness of 195 MeV u−1 C ions was similar or slightly higher than X‐rays for all endpoints studied leading to a relative biological effectiveness in the range 1.0–1.4. Conclusions: Cell cycle arrests affect the aberration yield observable in normal human fibroblasts at mitosis. The data obtained for the cell population as a whole reveal that injured cells are rapidly removed from the mitotically active population through a chronic cell cycle arrest, which is consistent with other studies that indicate that this response is a specific strategy of fibroblasts to minimize the fixation and propagation of genetic alterations.
Incretin Effect Due to Increased Secretion and Decreased Clearance of Insulin in Normal Humans

To assess the contribution of changes in insulin secretion and clearance to the incretin effect (greater insulinemia after oral than after intravenous glucose), 10 healthy subjects were studied after oral glucose (1 g/kg body wt) and again when glucose was infused intravenously at rates to match arterialized plasma glucose concentrations after oral glucose. Although basal and integrated plasma glucose did not differ between oral and intravenous glucose, integrated responses of insulin (3.3 ± 0.5 vs. 1.8 ± 0.4 mU ml−1 · 240 min−1, P < .001), C-peptide (456.5 ± 58.5 vs. 327.9 ± 46.3 μg · ml−1 · 240 min−1, P = .002), gastric inhibitory polypeptide, (16.8 ± 3.5 vs. −2.8 ± 1.0 μg · ml−1 · 240 min−1, P < .001), and insulin secretion (6.6 ± 1.1 vs. 4.7 ± 0.7 U.240 min−1, P = .003) were greater with oral than intravenous glucose. However, insulin clearance, whether calculated as the molar ratio of integrated C-peptide to integrated insulin responses (6.9 ± 0.7 vs. 14.2 ± 3.8, P = .005) or from the formula insulin clearance equals insulin secretion divided by integrated insulin responses (1.1 ± 0.2 vs. 2.5 ± 0.7 L.min−1 · m−2, respectively, P = .002), was less for oral than for intravenous glucose. Therefore, the incretin effect is mediated both by increased secretion and decreased clearance of insulin.
Mining quantitative correlated patterns using an information-theoretic approach

Existing research on mining quantitative databases mainly focuses on mining associations. However, mining associations is too expensive to be practical in many cases. In this paper, we study mining correlations from quantitative databases and show that it is a more effective approach than mining associations. We propose a new notion of Quantitative Correlated Patterns (QCPs), which is founded on two formal concepts, mutual information and all-confidence. We first devise a normalization on mutual information and apply it to QCP mining to capture the dependency between the attributes. We further adopt all-confidence as a quality measure to control, at a finer granularity, the dependency between the attributes with specific quantitative intervals. We also propose a supervised method to combine the consecutive intervals of the quantitative attributes based on mutual information, such that the interval combining is guided by the dependency between the attributes. We develop an algorithm, QCoMine, to efficiently mine QCPs by utilizing normalized mutual information and all-confidence to perform a two-level pruning. Our experiments verify the efficiency of QCoMine and the quality of the QCPs.
The hMLH1 −93G>A Polymorphism and Risk of Ovarian Cancer in the Chinese Population

Background As a mismatch repair (MMR) gene, hMLH1 plays an important role in the maintenance of chromosomal integrity. Several studies have investigated the associations of hMLH1 -93G>A (rs1800734) and Ile219Val (rs1799977) in diverse tumor types with discordant results, but their roles in ovarian cancer in the Chinese population remains to be elucidated. Methods In a case-control analysis, we assessed the association between these two polymorphisms and ovarian cancer risk in 421 ovarian cancer patients and 689 control subjects in the Chinese population using logistic regression. Results We found that the variant hMLH1 genotypes (-93AA and AG) are associated with risk of ovarian cancer (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42–2.89) compared with the -93GG genotype. The A allele increases the risk of ovarian cancer in a dose-dependent manner (P<10−4). Functional test showed that -93A allele increased hMLH1 promoter transcriptional activity and the luciferase activity. However, no significant difference was found in the genotype frequencies at the Ile219Val site between the cases and controls. Conclusions These findings indicate that the -93G>A polymorphism in hMLH1 may affect ovarian cancer susceptibility in the Chinese population.
Application of Genetic Programming to Prediction of Rural Labor Migration

Accurate prediction of labor migration account is important basis of correct migration decision-making and reasonable utilization and orderly transformation of rural labor. Because labor migration account is influenced by various uncertain factors of society and economy, but random constant ρ in terminal sets of GP can balance the influence of related factor of measurand, therefore GP is applied to predict rural labor migration. After the program trained by training samples, prediction model of rural labor migration is affected by time variable is established and is tested by test samples. The results showed that the function which adopt GP has good fitting and forecasting effect, and model with simple structure can effectively avoid artificial error which is formed by various uncertain factors, so it is feasible to predict of rural labor migration.
P-TAG: large scale automatic generation of personalized annotation tags for the web

The success of the Semantic Web depends on the availability of Web pages annotated with metadata. Free form metadata or tags, as used in social bookmarking and folksonomies, have become more and more popular and successful. Such tags are relevant keywords associated with or assigned to a piece of information (e.g., a Web page), describing the item and enabling keyword-based classification. In this paper we propose P-TAG, a method which automatically generates personalized tags for Web pages. Upon browsing a Web page, P-TAG produces keywords relevant both to its textual content, but also to the data residing on the surfer's Desktop, thus expressing a personalized viewpoint. Empirical evaluations with several algorithms pursuing this approach showed very promising results. We are therefore very confident that such a user oriented automatic tagging approach can provide large scale personalized metadata annotations as an important step towards realizing the Semantic Web.
Direct and correlated responses to artificial selection on sexual size dimorphism in the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is a conspicuous yet poorly understood pattern across many organisms. Although artificial selection is an important tool for studying the evolution of SSD, previous studies have applied selection to only a single sex or to both sexes in the same direction. In nature, however, SSD likely arises through sex‐specific selection on body size. Here, we use Tribolium castaneum flour beetles to investigate the evolution of SSD by subjecting males and females to sexually antagonistic selection on body size (sexes selected in opposite directions). Additionally, we examined correlated responses to body size selection in larval growth rates and development time. After seven generations, SSD remained unchanged in all selected lines; this observed lack of response to short‐term selection may be attributed to evolutionary constraints arising from between‐sex body size correlations. Developmental traits showed complex correlated responses under different selection treatments. These results suggest that sex‐specific larval development patterns may facilitate the evolution of SSD.
Finite element modeling for ultrasonic transducers

Finite element modeling is being adopted in the design of ultrasonic transducers and imaging arrays. Impetus is accelerated product design cycles and the need to push the technology. Existing designs are being optimized and new concepts are being explored. This recent acceptance follows the convergence of improvements on many fronts: necessary computer resources are more accessible, lean, specialized algorithms replacing general-purpose approaches, and better material characterization The basics of the finite element method (REM) for the coupled piezoelectric-acoustic problem are reviewed. We contrast different FEM formulations and discuss the implications of each: time-domain versus frequency domain, implicit versus explicit algorithms, linear versus nonlinear. Beyond discussions of the theoretical underpinnings of numerical methods, the paper also examines other modeling ingredients such as discretization, material attenuation, boundary conditions, farfield extrapolation, and electric circuits. Particular emphasis is placed on material characterization, and this is discussed through an actual "modelbuild-test" validation sequence, undertaken recently. Some applications are also discussed. Keywords: Arrays, Attenuation, Finite Element Method, Imaging, Piezoelectric, Transducer, Ultrasound
Towards the Study of Performance Trade-offs Between Materialized and Virtual Integrated Views

Consider the problem of supporting an integrated view over multiple databases. The traditional approach is to use a virtual view, but recent investigations are proposing to use a materialized view, or a hybrid virtual/materialized view. This paper initiates an investigation into the performance trade-oos along this spectrum of choices. In particular, the paper develops analytical models for predicting query-response time, view freshness, and system load in terms of parameters such as query frequency, query complexity, update frequency, and network delay. In many ways the performance of a mediator-based integration environment is similar to that of a client-server DBMS architecture. However, the notion of query freshness does not explicitly arise in a single DBMS, and complex joins may more likely in an integration environment. This paper lays the groundwork for conducting bench-marking experiments for integrated views, and presents the results of some initial experimentation. Such results will be used to calibrate the analytical model for speciic application environments. This will enable prediction of the behavior of the virtual and materialized approaches in speciic contexts.