Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Charge-Nonlinear-Carrier-Controlled Reduced-Part Single-Stage Integrated Power Electronics Interface for Automotive Applications

The current research trend to increase the power density of power electronics interfaces in automotive applications is the cost-effective integration of power converters. This paper proposes a reduced-part integrated power electronics interface that is capable of charging the battery and adjusting the voltage levels of a battery and a dc link during propulsion and regenerative braking. In the proposed topology, one inductor is shared between a dc/dc converter and a charger, eliminating the need for an additional magnetic component for the charging stage. A charge nonlinear-carrier control (NLC) method, which reduces the feedback circuitry, is adopted, and different nonlinear reference voltage waveforms are generated for each half-cycle of the grid to ensure a unity power factor and stable operation. To verify the concept, a 750-W prototype has been built and tested for each operation mode.
Multiresolution image sensor

The development of the CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) has, for the first time, permitted large scale integration of supporting circuitry and smart camera-functions on the same chip as a high-performance image sensor. This paper reports on the demonstration of a new 128/spl times/128 CMOS APS with programmable multiresolution readout capability. By placing signal processing circuitry on the imaging focal plane, the image sensor can output data at varying resolutions which can decrease the computational load of downstream image processing. For instance, software intensive image pyramid reconstruction can be eliminated. The circuit uses a passive switched capacitor network to average arbitrarily large neighborhoods of pixels which can then be read out at any user-defined resolution by configuring a set of digital shift registers. The full resolution frame rate is 30 Hz with higher rates for all other image resolutions. The sensor achieved 80 dB of dynamic range while dissipating only 5 mW of power. Circuit error was less than -34 dB and introduced no objectionable fixed pattern noise or other artifacts into the image.
Spread of OXA-48-Positive Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Istanbul, Turkey

ABSTRACT The first outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing the plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-48 is reported. The 39 isolates belonged to two different clones and were collected at the University Hospital of Istanbul, Turkey, from May 2006 to February 2007, and they coproduced various β-lactamases (SHV-12, OXA-9, and TEM-1 for clone A and CTX-M-15, TEM-1, and OXA-1 for clone B).
For Personal Use. Only Reproduce with Permission from the Lancet Publishing Group. Basic Principles of Magnetic Stimulation Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Neurology

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive tool for the electrical stimulation of neural tissue, including cerebral cortex, spinal roots, and cranial and peripheral nerves. TMS can be applied as single pulses of stimulation, pairs of stimuli separated by variable intervals to the same or different brain areas, or as trains of repetitive stimuli at various frequencies. Single stimuli can depolarise neurons and evoke measurable effects. Trains of stimuli (repetitive TMS) can modify excitability of the cerebral cortex at the stimulated site and also at remote areas along functional anatomical connections. TMS might provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of the neural circuitry underlying neurological and psychiatric disorders, be developed into clinically useful diagnostic and prognostic tests, and have therapeutic uses in various diseases. This potential is supported by the available studies, but more work is needed to establish the role of TMS in clinical neurology. With any new medical tool we ought to ask ourselves what it can offer that established methods do not for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic parts of clinical neurology. A new neurological tool might have several benefits: establishment of a differential diagnosis earlier or with greater certainty for a given clinical presentation than existing methods; better prediction of the likely course of the disease; further support for sustained and intensive interventions; help in identification of the most suitable treatment strategy; or improvement of clinical outcome as a therapy, itself. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) promises to be relevant in all these ways. However, most of the potential of this technique is only hinted at by the work done to date. Despite this promise there have been no carefully designed clinical trials to back it up. The aim of this review is to highlight these exciting possibilities and hopefully engage an interest that will lead to the completion of appropriate studies to assess the true clinical value of TMS in neurology. 1 TMS provided, for the first time, a non-invasive, safe, and—unlike transcranial electrical stimulation (TES)—painless 2 method of activating the human motor cortex and assessing the integrity of the central motor pathways. Since its introduction, the use of TMS in clinical neurophysiology, neurology, neuroscience, and psychiatry has spread widely, mostly in research applications, but increasingly with clinical aims in mind. 3–6 TMS is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, as discovered by Michael Faraday in 1838. If a pulse of current passing through a coil …
Explicit n-descent on elliptic curves, I. Algebra

Abstract This is the first in a series of papers in which we study the n-Selmer group of an elliptic curve, with the aim of representing its elements as genus one normal curves of degree n. The methods we describe are practical in the case n = 3 for elliptic curves over the rationals, and have been implemented in MAGMA.
Breathing clothes: artworks using the hairlytop interface

Breathing clothes are media artworks formed as an application of the hairlytop interface. The hairlytop interface is an assembly of fine, soft and deformable actuators. Each actuator is composed of a shape memory alloy (SMA) and drive circuits. Various types of sensors can be connected to the driving circuits. The actuators can then deform in reaction to surrounding stimuli, including light, sound, and human activity. The high flexibility of this configuration and its unique motion enables us to compose various interface types, such as furry decorated interfaces and new deformable textiles. In this paper, we describe in detail several types of clothes composed of this unique fabric combined with the hairlytop interface. The clothes act based on the wearer's breathing action, which acts as an indicator of the emotional state of the wearer.
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Isolated in Japan and Taxonomic Implications with Lyme Disease Spirochetes

Genomic DNAs of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates obtained in Japan sharing different rRNA gene ribotypes were digested with rare‐cutter restriction endonucleases and the fragments obtained were separated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The sizes of large restriction cleavage bands with MluI endonuclease were quite similar among isolates in each ribotype group. On the other hand, the PFGE profiles obtained with the other enzymes (NruI, Sal I or SplI) were rather divergent, and Japanese isolates were distinguishable from the United States and European isolates. The Japanese isolates classified as ribotypes group II (Borrelia garinii) and III (B. afzelii) showed different PFGE patterns from that of European isolates. The isolates grouped into ribotype IV revealed distinctively different PFGE profiles. These results indicate that the Japanese isolates may be genetically divergent and distinct from the United States and European isolates.
Study of pilot designs for cyclic-prefix OFDM on time-varying and sparse underwater acoustic channels

Estimation of time-varying and sparse channels is a topic that has attracted considerable interest lately, especially for underwater acoustic communication. In the context of multicarrier transmission, several important questions remain unanswered: i) should pilots be placed in clusters as for time-varying, non-sparse channels, or randomly dispersed between the data as common in the Compressive Sensing literature; ii) as pilot and data subcarriers cannot be perfectly separated at the receiver due to intercarrier interference (ICI) should channel estimation be based on observations corresponding to pilot subcarriers only, or can the data subcarriers be used to practically extract additional information about the channel; and iii) how does the performance vary with the number of pilot symbols? We use data recorded at the recent CalCom'10 experiment to investigate these questions. We find that a sufficient number of adjacent observations is required to estimate the ICI, which can either be achieved by a pilot design that uses clustered pilots, or by using data subcarriers as additional observations. When using data subcarriers as observations, the effect of the unknown data should be modeled as increased noise. Finally, by varying the number of pilot subcarriers, we can trade off error performance for data rate.
Motion Planning for the ATHLETE Rover with Reinforcement Learning

Legged locomotion is attractive because it can enable a robot to traverse far more varied terrain than a wheeled rover is capable of. In the context of planetary exploration, this is especially attractive as the sites of greatest scientific interest tend to be characterized by difficult terrain. For example, it would be extremely difficult for a wheeled rover to make its way into a lunar crater in search of water. Planning legged locomotion is, however, a more difficult problem the wheeled lomotion. Compared to wheeled robots, legged robots tend to have a much larger number of degrees of freedom. A planner for a legged robot therefore has to plan in a high-dimensional configuration space, placing considerable demands on the planner’s efficiency. The problem is further complicated when uneven terrain is considered. Classical motion planning techniques applied to legged locomotion generally assume a flat workspace with obstacles to be avoided. In the case of uneven terrain, there are no explicit obstacles, but a motion planner must take care to maintain the stability of the robot at all times while moving over sloped and uneven surfaces. For articulated legs, contact with the ground creates a closed-loop kinematic chain. Algorithms such as probabilistic roadmaps must be adapted to efficiently handle these closedloop constraints, as a randomly sampled point in the configuration space has zero probability of exactly satisfying them. Especially when the robot is intended for cooperative tasks with humans, an additional problem is planning trajectories which appear natural to a human observer. A planner for a humanoid bipedal robot, for example, might generate bizarre-looking arm motions which aid in balance, even on relatively flat terrain where such motions are unnecessary. A planner for legged locomotion should ideally encode constraints that encourage natural-looking motion. The specific robot considered in this paper is the ATHLETE (All-Terrain Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer) robot developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). ATHLETE is intended to be a lunar rover, and is especially designed for movement over broken and uneven terrain. Its hexagonal frame is designed for carrying large Fig. 1. The ATHLETE rover
Development of a noncontact heart rate monitoring system for sedentary behavior based on an accelerometer attached to a chair

Although people spend a third of their day engaged in sedentary activities, research on heart activity during sitting is almost nonexistent because of the discomfort experienced when electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement electrodes are attached to the body. Accordingly, in this study, a system was developed to monitor heart rate (HR) in a noncontact and unconstrained way while subjects were seated, by attaching an accelerometer on the backrest of a chair. Acceleration signals were obtained three times from 20 healthy adults, a detection algorithm was applied, and HR detection performance was evaluated by comparing the R-peak values from the ECG. The system had excellent performance results, with a sensitivity of 96.10% and a positive predictive value of 96.43%. In addition, the HR calculated by the new system developed in this study was compared with HR calculated using ECG. The new system exhibited excellent performance; its results were strongly correlated with that of ECG (r = 0.97, p ≪ ? > 0.0001; average difference of −0.08 ± 4.60 [mean ± 1.96∙standard deviation] in Bland–Altman analysis). Accordingly, the method presented in this study is expected to be applicable for evaluating diverse autonomic nervous system components in a noncontact and unconstrained way using an accelerometer to monitor the HR of sedentary workers or adolescents.
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Mustela eversmannii (Carnivora: Mustelidae)

Abstract In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Steppe polecat, Mustela eversmannii, was sequenced for the first time using muscle tissue. The mitochondrial genome is a circular molecule of 16 463 bp in length and overall base composition is A (32.7%), T (27.3%), C (26.1%), and G (13.9%), which indicates a strong A–T bias. A phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 13 protein-coding genes and two rRNA genes of 10 Mustela species’ mitochondrial genomes using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) demonstrated that these Mustela species were clustered into two clades and M. eversmannii was close to M. putorius.
Real-time challenge balance in an RTS game using rtNEAT

This paper explores using the NEAT and rtNEAT neuro-evolution methodologies to generate intelligent opponents in real-time strategy (RTS) games. The main objective is to adapt the challenge generated by the game opponents to match the skill of a player in real-time, ultimately leading to a higher entertainment value perceived by a human player of the game. Results indicate the effectiveness of NEAT and rtNEAT but demonstrate their limitations for use in real-time strategy games.
Peptide-Dependent Recognition of HLA-B*57:01 by KIR3DS1

ABSTRACT Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) play an important role in the activation of natural killer (NK) cells, which in turn contribute to the effective immune control of many viral infections. In the context of HIV infection, the closely related KIR3DL1 and KIR3DS1 molecules, in particular, have been associated with disease outcome. Inhibitory signals via KIR3DL1 are disrupted by downregulation of HLA class I ligands on the infected cell surface and can also be impacted by changes in the presented peptide repertoire. In contrast, the activatory ligands for KIR3DS1 remain obscure. We used a structure-driven approach to define the characteristics of HLA class I-restricted peptides that interact with KIR3DL1 and KIR3DS1. In the case of HLA-B*57:01, we used this knowledge to identify bona fide HIV-derived peptide epitopes with similar properties. Two such peptides facilitated productive interactions between HLA-B*57:01 and KIR3DS1. These data reveal the presence of KIR3DS1 ligands within the HIV-specific peptide repertoire presented by a protective HLA class I allotype, thereby enhancing our mechanistic understanding of the processes that enable NK cells to impact disease outcome. IMPORTANCE Natural killer (NK) cells are implicated as determinants of immune control in many viral infections, but the precise molecular mechanisms that initiate and control these responses are unclear. The activating receptor KIR3DS1 in combination with HLA-Bw4 has been associated with better outcomes in HIV infection. However, evidence of a direct interaction between these molecules is lacking. In this study, we demonstrate that KIR3DS1 recognition of HLA-Bw4 is peptide dependent. We also identify HIV-derived peptide epitopes presented by the protective HLA-B*57:01 allotype that facilitate productive interactions with KIR3DS1. Collectively, these findings suggest a mechanism whereby changes in the peptide repertoire associated with viral infection provide a trigger for KIR3DS1 engagement and NK cell activation.
High-resolution fractionation of nucleosomes: minor particles, "whiskers," and separation of mononucleosomes containing and lacking A24 semihistone.

Staphyloccal nuclease digests of HeLa chromatin fractionated on low ionic strength nucleoprotein gels have been further analyzed by second-dimension DNA and protein gel electrophoresis. In vivo radioactive labeling of chromatin components and use of longer gels allowed a higher sensitivity and resolution than has been previously reported for this approach. A number of nonhistone protein spots and about 20 DNA spots can be detected in the mononucleosomal region of the second-dimension gel. In particular, there are three DNA spots identical in DNA size that correspond to three discrete kinds of core mononucleosomes resolved on the first-dimension nucleoprotein gel. Analysis of protein composition shows that the most rapidly migrating particle contains all four core histones but no A24 semihistone (A24 is a covalent conjugate of histone H2A and a specific nonhistone protein, ubiquitin), whereas the other two core mononucleosomes contain A24 semihistone. Thus, one can now quantitatively separate the A24-lacking core mononucleosomes from those containing A24, making it possible to directly address the question of whether A24 is associated with nucleosomes containing a specific subset of DNA sequences. Additional features of two-dimensional nucleoprotein-DNA patterns are "whiskers," which run slower than core mononucleosomes in the nucleoprotein dimension and both faster and slower than core-length DNA in the DNA dimension. In more extensive digests, "secondary whiskers" are observed, which run faster than core mononucleosomes in both dimensions and appear to coincide with previously described subnucleosomal particles SN7 and SN8 [Bakayev, V. , Bakayeva, T. & Varshavsky, A. (1977) Cell 11, 619-629]. Possible mechanisms of whisker formation are discussed.
Muscle Fatigue and Motor Output Variability with Acute Stress in Healthy Young Adults and Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

MUSCLE FATIGUE AND MOTOR OUTPUT VARIABILITY WITH ACUTE STRESS IN HEALTHY YOUNG ADULTS AND VETERANS WITH POSTTRAMATIC STRESS DISORDER Manda L Keller, DPT Marquette University, 2011 Acute stress can alter motor performance differently for men and women. The first aim of this dissertation addresses possible causes for the sex difference in the motor response of a low-intensity fatiguing contraction of the elbow flexor muscles to an acute stressor (difficult mental math) in young, healthy adults. Muscle fatigue increased for men and women when exposed to the stressor, but impairment was more prominent for the women. This work showed that fatigue in the central nervous system, specifically in cortical motor and premotor areas, as well as relaxation rates of the muscle (quantified with cortical stimulation) were not responsible for the stress-induced motor fatigue. The greater fatigue with stress was associated with the strength of the individual such that weaker individuals (mainly women) fatigued more quickly when exposed to the stressor than stronger individuals (mainly men). Thus, the mechanism of stress-induced fatigability in weaker subjects may be due to differences in blood perfusion to the muscle. Furthermore, women were less steady than men for very low-intensity contractions in the presence and absence of stress. Steadiness was impaired at failure of the fatiguing contraction but persisted more for women than men, up to 20 minutes recovery. A second aim was to determine muscle fatigability and steadiness in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the presence and absence of the cognitive stressor. Male veterans with PTSD and male civilian controls performed a low-intensity contraction till task failure with the handgrip muscles. Veterans with PTSD fatigued more quickly and were less steady than the control subjects. When exposed to a cognitive stressor, neither the veterans with PTSD nor control subjects had greater fatigability or reduced steadiness. Veterans with PTSD however, were more fatigable compared with the control subjects in both stressful and non-stressful conditions, suggesting that the chronic stress condition (vs. acute stress) has a greater influence on motor performance for the hand muscles. Understanding how motor control is altered in the presence of acute stress and in clinical populations can lead to more tailored treatment interventions for optimized rehabilitation programs for specific motor impairments and for clinical populations.
Are the 10 Meter and 6 Minute Walk Tests Redundant in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury?

Objective To evaluate the relationship and redundancy between gait speeds measured by the 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT) and 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) after motor incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). To identify gait speed thresholds supporting functional ambulation as measured with the Spinal Cord Injury Functional Ambulation Inventory (SCI-FAI). Design Prospective observational cohort. Setting Seven outpatient rehabilitation centers from the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation NeuroRecovery Network (NRN). Participants 249 NRN patients with American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) level C (n = 20), D (n = 179) and (n = 50) iSCI not AIS evaluated, from February 2008 through April 2011. Interventions Locomotor training using body weight support and walking on a treadmill, overground and home/community practice. Main Outcome Measure(s) 10MWT and 6MWT collected at enrollment, approximately every 20 sessions, and upon discharge. Results The 10MWT and 6MWT speeds were highly correlated and the 10MWT speeds were generally faster. However, the predicted 6MWT gait speed from the 10MWT, revealed increasing error with increased gait speed. Regression lines remained significantly different from lines of agreement, when the group was divided into fast (≥0.44 m/s) and slow walkers (<0.44 m/s). Significant differences between 6MWT and 10MWT gait speeds were observed across SCI-FAI walking mobility categories (Wilcoxon sign rank test p<.001), and mean speed thresholds for limited community ambulation differed for each measure. The smallest real difference for the 6MWT and 10MWT, as well as the minimally clinically important difference (MCID) values, were also distinct for the two tests. Conclusions While the speeds were correlated between the 6MWT and 10MWT, redundancy in the tests using predictive modeling was not observed. Different speed thresholds and separate MCIDs were defined for community ambulation for each test.
Bis[μ2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane-κ2 P:P′]bis(μ4-diphenylphosphinato-κ4 O:O:O′:O′)bis(μ2-trifluoroacetato-κ2 O:O′)tetrasilver(I) acetonitrile disolvate

In the cation of the title compound, [Ag4(C2F3O2)2(C12H10O2P)2(C25H22P2)2]·2CH3CN, the two independent Ag+ cations are four-coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral geometry by one P atom from a bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane (dppm) ligand, one O atom from a trifluoroacetate anion and two O atoms from two diphenylphosphinate (dpp) ligands. Two dppm ligands, two dpp ligands and two trifluoroacetate anions bridge four metal atoms, forming a centrosymmetric tetranuclear complex. Intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and a weak π–π interaction [centroid–centroid distance = 3.9804 (13) Å] are also observed.