Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensor-based activity recognition with improved GP-based classifier

Compared to conventional activity recognition methods using feature extraction followed by classification, the Genetic Programming (GP) based classification applied to raw sensor data can avoid the time-consuming and knowledge-dependent feature extraction procedure. However, the traditional GP-based classifier using accuracy as fitness function is sensitive to the choice of threshold values. Furthermore, sensor data of the same activity might demonstrate remarkable distinction when the signal is collected in the changing environment, which will lead to inconsistency between training and testing data and consequently degrade the generalization power of the trained classifier. Moreover, the GP-based classifier cannot well distinguish less separable activities in the presence of multiple activities. Our work aims to address these issues by improving the GP-based classifier via: (1) using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as fitness function, (2) using an online local time series normalization procedure to pre-smooth undesirable features, and (3) using a binary tree based classification framework to force GP to learn key discriminating features that can better distinguish less separable activities. We test the proposed method on a sensor data set collected from a smartphone, consisting of four common human activities, sitting, standing, walking and running. The proposed GP-based classifier achieves the outstanding performance on recognizing each of four activities in terms of both high true positive and low false alarm rates, which much improves over the traditional GP-based classifier and several of its variants.
Effect of Antithymocyte Serum on Experimental Toxoplasmosis in Mice

The effect of antithymocyte serum (ATS) on mice infected with high-virulent or low-virulent strains of Toxoplasma gondii was studied. Treatment with ATS reduced the survival time of mice infected with high-virulent Toxoplasma and aggravated the disease; treatment prolonged parasitemia in animals infected with low-virulent Toxoplasma. Although ATS adversely affected the humoral antibody response, its main effect on toxoplasmosis was probably due to depression of cell-mediated immunity. ATS appeared to be able to activate chronic Toxoplasma infection, but this effect was much less pronounced than that on acquisition of immunity. The results suggest that Toxoplasma infection should be routinely looked for in patients treated with antilymphocyte serum.
Roll caster for the three-layer clad-strip

Purpose: of this paper is to show the characteristics of two kinds of roll casters for three-layer clad strip of aluminium alloys. Moreover, the characteristics of these twin roll casters were compeered with the early type of roll casters for clad strip. Design/methodology/approach: Design was tried to attain the fabrication of the roll casters to cast the threelayers-clad-strip. One caster was an unequal diameter roll caster equipped with a scraper. The scraper was adopted to prevent the mixture of different kinds of melts of the alloys. The scraper was used to cast the clad strip with clear interfaces between each strip. The other caster was a tandem type roll caster assembled from two vertical type twin roll casters. A vertical type of twin roll was mounted on the other vertical type of a twin roll caster. Findings: Three layers of clad strips could be cast by two kinds of the roll casters developed in the present study. The casting speed was 20 m/min. This speed was much higher at the conventional twin roll caster for the aluminium alloys. Each strip of three layers clad strip was connected strictly. The element of clad strip did not peel at the interface by continuous bending. The as-cast clad strip could be cold-rolled. The element of alloys did not mix at the connecting interface of the strips. The casting conditions which affected the connecting of the strips and condition of interface were investigated and shown in this paper. Research limitations/implications: The width of the strip was from 30 mm to 50 mm. The casting of the wide strip was not investigated. The alloy used in the present study was only aluminium alloys. The length of the cast strip was 3 m. The thickness of element strip was from 0.8 mm to 1.5 mm. The difference of the melting temperature of the alloys was within 50°C. The number of the layers was less than three layers. Practical implications: The roll caster invented in the present study can be used for the fabrication of the clad strip. The clad strip is, for example, used for the brazing sheet of the radiator for the automotive industry. Originality/value: There was not a report concerning the roll caster for three layers clad strip. The roll casters for clad strips shown in this paper were of an original process. Especially, the use of the scraper in the roll casting was original.
EXPERIMENTAL ROBOT IDENTIFICATION USING OPTIMISED PERIODIC TRAJECTORIES

This paper describes a new approach to the parameterisation of robot excitation trajectories for optimal robot identification. The trajectory parameterisation is based on finite Fourier series. The coefficients of the Fourier series are optimised for minimal sensitivity of the identification to measurement disturbances, which is measured as the condition number of a regression matrix, taking into account motion constraints in joint and Cartesian space. This approach allows small condition numbers with few coefficients for each joint to be obtained, which simplifies the optimisation problem significantly. The periodicity of the resulting trajectories and the fact that one has total control over their frequency content are additional features of the presented parameterisation approach. Further optimisation of the excitation experiments is possible through time domain data-averaging and optimal selection of the excitation bandwidth, which both help to reduce the disturbance level on the measurements, and therefore improve the identification accuracy. Application of the method for the identification of the KUKA IR/361 industrial robot proves the validity of the proposed approach. 7 1996 Academic Press Limited
Robust observer-based fuzzy incremental sliding-mode control of underactuated systems

A robust observer-based fuzzy incremental sliding mode control approach is proposed in this paper for a class of uncertain underactuated systems. The observer is utilized to estimate the system states that are unavailable for measurement. The first-level sliding surface is defined at first, and then one of the left states is employed to construct the next sliding surfaces until the last sliding surface is constructed. The fuzzy logic system is applied to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions. Moreover, some adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the upper bounds of unknown disturbances. The stability of the underactuated system is analyzed based on Lyapunov stability theorem. The proposed controller ensures the robust stability of the underactuated system. Finally, simulation example is illustrated to demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed control approach.
Single-carrier frequency-domain equalization for multi-relay cooperative systems with relay selection

In this paper, we investigate the performance of single-carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) for distributed space-time block coded (DSTBC) systems with Non-Regenerative (or amplify-and-forward) relaying over frequency-selective Rician fading channels. Our performance analysis demonstrates that SC-FDE for DSTBC is able to achieve a maximum diversity order of Σ<sup>R</sup><inf>i=1</inf> min (L<inf>SRi</inf>, L<inf>RiD</inf>) + R, where R is the number of relays, L<inf>SRi</inf> and L<inf>RiD</inf> are the channel memory lengths for source to i<sup>th</sup> relay (S → R<inf>i</inf>) link and i<sup>th</sup> relay to destination (R<inf>t</inf> → D) link, respectively. Furthermore, to overcome the loss in bandwidth efficiency due to the deployment of orthogonal DSTBC, we present and investigate several relay selection strategies for D-SC-FDE over frequency selective channels.
ADAPTSITE: detecting natural selection at single amino acid sites

UNLABELLED ADAPTSITE is a program package for detecting natural selection at single amino acid sites, using a multiple alignment of protein-coding sequences for a given phylogenetic tree. The program infers ancestral codons at all interior nodes, and computes the total numbers of synonymous (c(S)) and nonsynonymous (c(N)) substitutions as well as the average numbers of synonymous (s(S)) and nonsynonymous (s(N)) sites for each codon site. The probabilities of occurrence of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions are approximated by s(S) / (s(S) + s(N)) and s(N) / (s(S) + s(N)), respectively. The null hypothesis of selective neutrality is tested for each codon site, assuming a binomial distribution for the probability of obtaining c(S) and c(N). AVAILABILITY ADAPTSITE is available free of charge at the World-Wide Web sites http://mep.bio. psu.edu/adaptivevol.html and http://www.cib. nig.ac. jp/dda/yossuzuk/welcome.html. The package includes the source code written in C, binary files for UNIX operating systems, manual, and example files.
New support for an old hypothesis: density affects extra-pair paternity

Density has been suggested to affect variation in extra-pair paternity (EPP) in avian mating systems, because increasing density promotes encounter rates and thus mating opportunities. However, the significance of density affecting EPP variation in intra- and interspecific comparisons has remained controversial, with more support from intraspecific comparisons. Neither experimental nor empirical studies have consistently provided support for the density hypothesis. Testing the density hypothesis is challenging because density measures may not necessarily reflect extra-pair mating opportunities, mate guarding efforts may covary with density, populations studied may differ in migratory behavior and/or climatic conditions, and variation in density may be insufficient. Accounting for these potentially confounding factors, we tested whether EPP rates within and among subpopulations of the reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus) were related to density. Our analyses were based on data from 13 subpopulations studied over 4 years. Overall, 56.4% of totally 181 broods contained at least one extra-pair young (EPY) and 37.1% of totally 669 young were of extra-pair origin. Roughly 90% of the extra-pair fathers were from the adjacent territory or from the territory after the next one. Within subpopulations, the proportion of EPY in broods was positively related to local breeding density. Similarly, among subpopulations, proportion of EPY was positively associated with population density. EPP was absent in subpopulations consisting of single breeding pairs, that is, without extra-pair mating opportunities. Our study confirms that density is an important biological factor, which significantly influences the amount of EPP within and among subpopulations, but also suggests that other mechanisms influence EPP beyond the variation explained by density.
Evidence for the existence of atrial natriuretic factor-containing neurons in the rat brain.

Immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor- (ANF-)positive nerve fibers and cell bodies were observed in the preoptic area, hypothalamus, mesencephalon, and pons of rats. In colchicine-treated animals a large number of immunoreactive ANF-positive cell bodies were seen in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, in several hypothalamic nuclei (e.g. periventricular, arcuate, and ventral premammillary nuclei), and in the dorsolateral tegmental nuclei of the pons. Varicose nerve fibers containing ANF were generally observed in the vicinity of the cells. These findings indicate that a widespread network of ANF-containing neurons is present in the brain.
Impact fracture morphology of nylon 6 toughened with a maleated polyethylene–octene elastomer

This study aimed at using scanning electron microscopy to study the Izod impact fracture surface morphology of super-tough nylon 6 blends prepared by blending nylon 6 with a maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene-octene elastomer (POE) in the presence of a multifunctional epoxy resin (CE-96) as compatibilizer. The fracture surface morphology and the impact strength of the nylon 6 blends were well correlated. The fracture surface morphology could be divided into a slow-crack-growth region and a fast-crack-growth region. Under low magnification, the fractured surface morphologies of the low-impact-strength nylon 6 blends appeared to be featureless. The area of the slow-crack-growth region was small. There were numerous featherlike geometric figures in the fast crack growth region. The fractured surface morphologies of the high-impact-strength nylon 6 blends exhibited a much larger area in the slow-crack-growth region and parabola markings in the fast-growth region. Under high magnification, some rubber particles of the low-impact-strength nylon 6 blends showed limited cavitation in the slow-crack-growth region and featherlike markings in the fast-crack-growth region. Rubber particles of high-impact-strength nylon 6 blends experienced intensive cavitation in the slow-crack-growth region and both cavitation and matrix shear yielding in the fast-crack-growth region, allowing the blends to dissipate a significant amount of impact energy. A nylon 6 blend containing 30 wt % POEgMA exhibited shear yielding and a great amount of plastic flow of the matrix throughout the entire slow-crack-growth region, thus showing the highest impact strength. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1285–1295, 2000
Wake-Up Radio-Enabled Routing for Green Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper we present GREENROUTES, an energy-aware routing protocol for Energy Harvesting-based ("green") Wireless Sensor Networks that leverages self-powered technologies for eliminating the need of energy storage device replacement. GREENROUTES combines energy harvesting and wake-up radios with semantic addressing. Semantic addressing capabilities are effectively used to enhance communication by allowing nodes to selectively wake-up a suitable subset of neighboring nodes. This subset is determined by the distance of nodes from the sink, and, greedily, by the residual energy along routes to the sink. The performance of GREENROUTES has been compared to that of the Energy Harvest Wastage-Aware (EHWA) routing solution in scenarios where all nodes harvest energy from the same source, either sun or wind. Results show that GREENROUTES achieves a packet delivery ratio significantly higher (up to 40%) than EHWA, while delivering packets faster and for less power.
Image Super-resolution Based on Sparse Representation With Joint Constraints

Learning-based image super-resolution (SR) methods are prone to introduce artifacts into resultant high-resolution (HR) images, while reconstruction-based ones tend to blur fine-grained parts and result in unnatural results. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a novel image SR algorithm based on sparse representation with joint constraints. The self-similar redundancy structure in input LR image is learned to construct sparse representation dictionary. Sparse representation, gradient histogram preservation (GHP) and non-local means (NLMs) are incorporated into a maximum a posterior (MAP) estimation framework. Then, we gradually magnify the LR input in the current frame to the desired size and obtain a high-quality SR image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-arts.
Salivary cortisol response to awakening in chronic fatigue syndrome

Background There is accumulating evidence of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis disturbances in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The salivary cortisol response to awakening has been described recently as a non-invasive test of the capacity of the HPA axis to respond to stress. The results of this test correlate closely with those of more invasive dynamic tests reported in the literature; furthermore, it can be undertaken in a naturalistic setting. Aims To assess the HPA axis using the salivary cortisol response to awakening in CFS. Method We measured salivary cortisol upon awakening and 10, 20, 30 and 60 min afterwards in 56 patients with CFS and 35 healthy volunteers. Results Patients had a lower cortisol response to awakening, measured by the area under the curve. Conclusions This naturalistic test of the HPA axis response to stress showed impaired HPA axis function in CFS.
Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury and Pulmonary Fibrosis Region-specific role for Pten in maintenance of epithelial phenotype and integrity

Per Flodby, X Janice M. Liebler, Mitsuhiro Sunohara, Dan R. Castillo, Alicia M. McConnell, Manda S. Krishnaveni, Agnes Banfalvi, Min Li, Barry Stripp, Beiyun Zhou, Edward D. Crandall, Parviz Minoo,* and Zea Borok* Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Division of Neonatalogy, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
Cisplatin induces loop structures and condensation of single DNA molecules

Structural properties of single λ DNA treated with anti-cancer drug cisplatin were studied with magnetic tweezers and AFM. Under the effect of low-concentration cisplatin, the DNA became more flexible, with the persistence length decreased significantly from ∼52 to 15 nm. At a high drug concentration, a DNA condensation phenomenon was observed. Based on experimental results from both single-molecule and AFM studies, we propose a model to explain this kind of DNA condensation by cisplatin: first, di-adducts induce local distortions of DNA. Next, micro-loops of ∼20 nm appear through distant crosslinks. Then, large aggregates are formed through further crosslinks. Finally, DNA is condensed into a compact globule. Experiments with Pt(dach)Cl2 indicate that oxaliplatin may modify the DNA structures in the same way as cisplatin. The observed loop structure formation of DNA may be an important feature of the effect of platinum anti-cancer drugs that are analogous to cisplatin in structure.
Dynamic Recrystallization Behaviour of Twin Roll Cast AZ31 Strips during Hot Deformation

The recrystallization behaviour of a Twin Roll Cast AZ31 alloy, under deformation conditions corresponding to the initial stands of a magnesium hot rolling process, has been investigated. A set of strain levels, beginning at the critical strain for the onset of dynamic recrystallization has been studied. The dynamic recrystallization, taking place during hot deformation of magnesium alloy AZ31 is analyzed with help of plane strain compression tests conducted together with microscopic examination. Dynamically recrystallized volume fraction and size of dynamically recrystallized grains increase with increasing strain. When the strain is constant, the dynamically recrystallized volume fraction is higher at higher deformation temperatures or lower strain rates. Furthermore, it has been found out that deformation temperature plays a major role, rather than strain rates, in activating the dynamic recrystallization process during deformation. The results were used to identify the coefficients for the JMAK-model approach on the dynamic recrystallization of an AZ31 TRC-sheet.
Single-beam recording and retrieving of sub-wavelength-size optical information in a photorefractive crystal using near-field scanning optical microscopy

We suggest a way of photorefractive recording of sub- wavelength size optical information using the refractive index change induced by the single beam from the tapered fiber tip of the near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). Data are recorded by the pure (without any change in the topography of the surface) refractive index change induced near the surface of photorefractive crystal by the light intensity distribution from the subwavelength-size fiber tip in NSOM. The size of index variation can be smaller than the size of wavelength since the distance between the tapered tip of NSOM and the crystal is about 10 nm. This can modify the transmission and collection characteristics of the light from the NSOM through the photorefractive crystal. Therefore, the characteristics of the reading beam depend on whether we previously exposed (recorded) the light from the tapered fiber tip or not and thus, the change in transmission or collection characteristics can be regarded as the on/off (binary) data.
Neuregulin1 (NRG1) Signaling through Fyn Modulates NMDA Receptor Phosphorylation: Differential Synaptic Function in NRG1+/− Knock-Outs Compared with Wild-Type Mice

We previously identified Neuregulin1 (NRG1) as a gene contributing to the risk of developing schizophrenia. Furthermore, we showed that NRG1+/− mutant mice display behavioral abnormalities that are reversed by clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of schizophrenia. We now present evidence that ErbB4 (v-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4), the tyrosine kinase receptor for NRG1 in hippocampal neurons, interacts with two nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, Fyn and Pyk2 (proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2). NRG1 stimulation of cells expressing ErbB4 and Fyn leads to the association of Fyn with ErbB4 and consequent activation. Furthermore, we show that NRG1 signaling, through activation of Fyn and Pyk2 kinases, stimulates phosphorylation of Y1472 on the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR), a key regulatory site that modulates channel properties. NR2B Y1472 is hypophosphorylated in NRG1+/− mutant mice, and this defect can be reversed by clozapine at a dose that reverses their behavioral abnormalities. We also demonstrate that short-term synaptic plasticity is altered and theta-burst long-term potentiation is impaired in NRG1+/− mutant mice, and incubation of hippocampal slices from these mice with NRG1 reversed those effects. Attenuated NRG1 signaling through ErbB4 may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia through dysfunction of NMDAR modulation. Thus, our data support the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia.
Making the best of legacy video on modern displays

Abstract— The recent revolution in display technology enables bright high‐resolution displays, thereby removing one of the bottlenecks in video quality. How to profit from HD flat‐panel displays when watching legacy SD‐video material will be discussed. An overview of resolution up‐conversion techniques will be presented, including an objective (MSE‐scores) and a subjective assessment. Screenshots are also included to illustrate the quality of the algorithms.