Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitigating Interference in Content Delivery Networks by Spatial Signal Alignment: The Approach of Shot-Noise Ratio

Multimedia content, especially videos, is expected to dominate data traffic in next-generation mobile networks. Caching popular content at the network edge, namely content helpers (base stations and access points), has emerged as a solution for low-latency content delivery. Compared with traditional wireless communication, content delivery has a key characteristic that many signals coexisting in the air carry identical popular content. However, they can interfere with each other at a receiver if their modulation-and-coding (MAC) schemes are adapted to individual channels following the classic approach. To address this issue, we present a novel idea of content adaptive MAC (CAMAC) where adapting MAC schemes to content ensures that all signals carrying identical content are encoded using an identical MAC scheme to achieve spatial MAC alignment. Consequently, interference can be harnessed as signals to improve the reliability of wireless delivery. In the remaining part of the paper, we focus on quantifying the gain that CAMAC can bring to a content-delivery network by using a stochastic-geometry model. Specifically, content helpers are distributed as a Poisson point process and each of them transmits a file from a content database based on a given popularity distribution. Given a fixed threshold on the signal-to-interference ratio for successful transmission, it is discovered that the successful content-delivery probability is closely related to the distribution of the ratio of two independent shot noise processes, named a shot-noise ratio. The distribution itself is an open mathematical problem that we tackle in this work. Using stable-distribution theory and tools from stochastic geometry, the distribution function is derived in closed form. Extending the result in the context of content-delivery networks with CAMAC yields the content-delivery probability in different closed forms. In addition, the gain in the probability due to CAMAC is shown to grow with the level of skewness in the content popularity distribution.
Identifying Communication Barriers to Colorectal Cancer Screening Adherence among Appalachian Kentuckians

ABSTRACT Utilizing data from 40 in-depth interviews, this article identifies both barriers and facilitators to colorectal screening guideline adherence among Appalachian Kentucky adults recruited through a community-based research network. Key findings identify (a) varying levels of knowledge about screening guidelines, (b) reticence to engage in screening processes, and (c) nuanced communication with healthcare providers and family members regarding screening adherence. What participants knew about the screening process was often derived from personal stories or recalled stories from family members about their screening experiences. Reticence to engage in screening processes reflected reports of cumbersome preparation, privacy issues, embarrassment, medical mistrust, fear of receiving a cancer diagnosis, and lack of symptoms. Participants cited many ways to enhance patient-centered communication, and the findings from this study have implications for health communication message design and communication strategies for healthcare practices in Appalachian Kentucky clinics.
The role of motion capture in an illusory transformation of optic fl ow fi elds Functional

In the optic flow illusion, the focus of an expanding optic flow field appears shifted when uniform flow is transparently superimposed. The shift is in the direction of the uniform flow, or “inducer. ” Current explanations relate the transformation of the expanding optic flow field to perceptual subtraction of the inducer signal. Alternatively, the shift might result from motion capture acting on the perceived focus position. To test this alternative, we replaced expanding target flow with contracting or rotating flow. Current explanations predict focus shifts in expanding and contracting flows that are opposite but of equal magnitude and parallel to the inducer. In rotary flow, the current explanations predict shifts that are perpendicular to the inducer. In contrast, we report larger shift for expansion than for contraction and a component of shift parallel to the inducer for rotary flow. The magnitude of this novel component of shift depended on the target flow speed, the inducer flow speed, and the presentation duration. These results support the idea that motion capture contributes substantially to the optic flow illusion.
Domain-Specific Adult Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire (ASBQ) and the GPAQ Single-Item Question: A Reliability and Validity Study in an Asian Population

This study examined the validity and reliability of a domain-specific Adult Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire (ASBQ) and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) single-item sitting question using self- and interviewer-administered modes of administration against the triaxial ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer. The ASBQ and the GPAQ were administered twice, seven days apart. Participants were asked to put on the waist-worn accelerometer for seven days. Convergent validity was assessed using Spearman’s rho, mean absolute error (MAE), and Bland-Altman analysis (n = 78). Reliability was assessed using the Spearman’s rho and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (n = 84). Participants were adults aged 20–65 years and identifying as Chinese, Malay, or Indian. Only the self-administered GPAQ was significantly correlated with accelerometry-based measures (rho: 0.46), but not the interviewer-administered version (rho: 0.12). MAE for GPAQ was 207.5–218.3 min/day in relation to the accelerometer and for ASBQ was 154.7–174.6 min/day. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated large limits of agreement between questionnaire and accelerometry-based measures. While the self-administered GPAQ demonstrated a moderate correlation with accelerometry, the mean bias and the limits of agreement were large. The GPAQ (rho: 0.68–0.79; ICC: 0.68–0.78) and the ASBQ (rho: 0.53–0.64; ICC: 0.66–0.74) showed moderate-to-good reliability for total sedentary time using either self- or interviewer-administration. Future research should incorporate accelerometers to generate useful sedentary behaviour measures.
Real‐Time Locomotion Mode Recognition Employing Correlation Feature Analysis Using EMG Pattern

This paper presents a new locomotion mode recognition method based on a transformed correlation feature analysis using an electromyography (EMG) pattern. Each movement is recognized using six weighted subcorrelation filters, which are applied to the correlation feature analysis through the use of six time‐domain features. The proposed method has a high recognition rate because it reflects the importance of the different features according to the movements and thereby enables one to recognize real‐time EMG patterns, owing to the rapid execution of the correlation feature analysis. The experiment results show that the discriminating power of the proposed method is 85.89% (±2.5) when walking on a level surface, 96.47% (±0.9) when going up stairs, and 96.37% (±1.3) when going down stairs for given normal movement data. This makes its accuracy and stability better than that found for the principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis methods.
A Comparison of Cook-Medley Hostility Subscales and Mortality in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: Data From the Heart and Soul Study

Objective Hostility is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, assessment tools used to evaluate hostility in epidemiological studies vary widely. Methods We administered nine subscales of the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (CMHS) to 656 outpatients with stable CHD between 2005 and 2007. We used Cox proportional hazards models to determine the association between each hostility subscales and all-cause mortality. We also performed an item analysis using logistic regression to determine the association between each CMHS item and all-cause mortality. Results There were 136 deaths during 1364 person-years of follow-up. Four of nine CMHS subscales were predictive of mortality in age-adjusted analyses, but only one subscale (the seven-item Williams subscale) was predictive of mortality in multivariable analyses. After adjustment for age, sex, education, smoking, history of heart failure, diabetes, and high-density lipoprotein, each standard deviation increase in the Williams subscale was associated with a 20% increased mortality rate (hazard ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence interval = 1.00–1.43, p = .046), and participants with hostility scores in the highest quartile were twice as likely to die as those in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio = 2.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.10–3.65, p = .023). Conclusions Among nine variations of the CMHS that we evaluated, a seven-item version of the Williams subscale was the most strongly associated with mortality. Standardizing the assessment of hostility in future epidemiological studies may improve our understanding of the relationship between hostility and mortality in patients with CHD.
Determination of Azelastine Hydrochloride and Benzalkonium Chloride in Their Ophthalmic Solution by Different Spectrophotometric Methods

Three simple, specific, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods for the determination of a binary mixture of Azelastine hydrochloride (AZH) and Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in pure and in their Dosage forms. The methods namely; (A) zero order (D0), (B) ratio difference (RD) and (C)ratio subtraction (RS). In method (A), AZH could be directly determined in the zero order at wave length equals to 284 nm in the range (5.0–50 μg/mL) with good correlation coefficient (0.9994), where no interference from BAC is reported. While BAC was determined by different methods in the range (2.0–30 μg/mL). In method (B) BAC determination depends on dividing the spectrum of the binary mixture by the standard spectrum of 20μg/mL AZH as a divisor, then BAC is determined using the difference between the two wavelengths 262 & 208 nm, we here BAC has absorbances and AZH is constant, the difference = (ΔP262.0-208.0) with good correlation coefficient (0.9994). Finally, in method (C) BAC can be determined by dividing the spectrum of the binary mixture by the standard spectrum of 10 μg/mL AZH as a dvisor, then a constant, which is determined as the mean value of the absorbances in the plateau region (230–300 nm), is subtracted; after multiplication by the divisor we obtain a zero order (D0) original spectrum of BAC at 208.0 nm with good correlation coefficient (0.9992). Accuracy, recovery and the selectivity of the developed methods are applied on the laboratory prepared mixtures, standard addition technique and pharmaceutical dosage form. The obtained results for the suggested methods are statistically compared with the reported HPLC one using student’s-t and F-ratio tests, showing that the two methods are accurate and precise.
Effects of an unsupervised pedometer-based physical activity program on daily steps of adults with moderate to severe asthma: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Supervised exercise has shown benefits for subjects with asthma, but little is known about the effectiveness of unsupervised physical activity on this population. We investigated the effects of a 12-week unsupervised pedometer-based physical activity program on daily steps and on clinical and psychological parameters of adults with asthma. Clinically stable adults with moderate to severe asthma were encouraged to take daily 30-minute walks and were randomized to pedometer and control groups. The pedometer group received pedometers and individualized daily step targets. Changes in daily steps (average of steps taken during six consecutive days), six-minute walk test (6MWT), health-related quality of life, asthma control and anxiety and depression levels were assessed 12 weeks after intervention and 24–28 weeks after randomization. Thirty-seven participants were recruited and 30 completed the intervention. At 12 weeks, the groups differed significantly in daily steps (adjusted average difference, 2488 steps; 95% confidence interval [CI], 803 to 4172; p = 0.005) and in the 6MWT (adjusted average difference, 21.9 m; 95% CI, 6.6 to 37.3; p = 0.006). These differences were not significant 24–28 weeks after randomization. The program was effective in increasing daily steps of adults with moderate to severe asthma 12 weeks after intervention.
Entity Ranking as a Search Engine Front-End

In this paper, we present a Web application for entity ranking. The application accepts as input a query in natural language and outputs a list of the most relevant entities according to the query. The system uses Web documents as data and performs extraction, formatting and ranking of entities in real time. An experiment is conducted to determine the most efficient ranking method among eleven alternatives. The experiment suggests that the total frequency of an entity in a retrieved set of documents has less to say on the entity's relevance than the number of retrieved documents it occurs in. Furthermore, for small retrieved sets such as the top-10, document rank information seems to play a little role. Four algorithms are tested for estimating the correct amount of results in the ranked list and provide a threshold. The best results are achieved by the maximum entropy algorithm applied to the distribution of scores provided by a multiplicative combination of logarithmic entity frequency and document frequency.
Isolation of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia mayonii From Naturally Infected Rodents in Minnesota

Abstract Borrelia mayonii is a newly described member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex that is vectored by the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis Say) and a cause of Lyme disease in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Vertebrate reservoir hosts involved in the enzootic maintenance of B. mayonii have not yet been identified. Here, we describe the first isolation of B. mayonii from naturally infected white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque) and an American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Erxleben) from Minnesota, thus implicating these species as potential reservoir hosts for this newly described spirochete.
Fractional anisotropy in the posterior limb of the internal capsule and prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE To explore the value of diffusion tensor imaging applied to those specific cerebral white matter tracts consistently involved pathologically in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a source of prognostic biomarkers. DESIGN Baseline clinical assessment and 3-T diffusion tensor imaging, repeated after approximately 6 months.Tract-based spatial statistics were used to assess voxel wise correlations of just the baseline diffusion tensor imaging indices with the progression rate (change in disability score/time interval) within the corticospinal tract and corpus callosum. PATIENTS The study involved 21 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 3 patients with primary lateral sclerosis. RESULTS Correlation was observed between fractional anisotropy and progression rate for a region of the corticospinal tract spanning the posterior limb of the internal capsule, with a left hemisphere emphasis. Posterior limb of the internal capsule fractional anisotropy showed potential to distinguish those patients with rapid progression. Axial diffusivity significantly increased in this region in a paired t test analysis of baseline and follow-up diffusion tensor imaging, in keeping with axonal damage.No correlations were noted for the corpus callosum. CONCLUSIONS Posterior limb of the internal capsule fractional anisotropy is a candidate prognostic marker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, with potential to identify incident cases with more rapid progression.
Outline Objects using Deep Reinforcement Learning

Image segmentation needs both local boundary position information and global object context information. The performance of the recent state-of-the-art method, fully convolutional networks, reaches a bottleneck due to the neural network limit after balancing between the two types of information simultaneously in an end-to-end training style. To overcome this problem, we divide the semantic image segmentation into temporal subtasks. First, we find a possible pixel position of some object boundary; then trace the boundary at steps within a limited length until the whole object is outlined. We present the first deep reinforcement learning approach to semantic image segmentation, called DeepOutline, which outperforms other algorithms in Coco detection leaderboard in the middle and large size person category in Coco val2017 dataset. Meanwhile, it provides an insight into a divide and conquer way by reinforcement learning on computer vision problems.
Trust-based situation awareness: Agent-based versus population-based modeling a comparative study

Trust based situation awareness represents the flow of information regarding a situation within a group of agents based on their mutual trust. Situation Awareness (SA) in general is regarded as basis for efficient group decision making while trust based situation awareness is of utmost importance in safety critical systems as the trust is a key factor that tend to affect the beliefs of agents that are collaborating in an environment. In this study an existing model of situation awareness is extended to incorporate mutual trust of the participating agents. The proposed model is analyzed using two different paradigms of computational modeling techniques namely Agent Based Modeling (ABM) and Population Based Modeling (PBM). Various experiments are conducted using variety of populations. Results show that with incorporation of trust factor, both approaches show similar patterns with large population size. In addition to that, relation between SA and trust is analyzed and the results show that SA gets affected by the inter-agent trust.
Construction of the adjoint MIT ocean general circulation model and application to Atlantic heat transport sensitivity

We first describe the principles and practical considerations behind the computer generation of the adjoint to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ocean general circulation model (GCM) using R. Giering's software tool Tangent-Linear and Adjoint Model Compiler (TAMC). The TAMC's recipe for (FORTRAN-) line-by-line generation of adjoint code is explained by interpreting an adjoint model strictly as the operator that gives the sensitivity of the output of a model to its input. Then, the sensitivity of 1993 annual mean heat transport across 29oN in the Atlantic, to the hydrography on January 1, 1993, is calculated from a global solution of the GCM. The "kinematic sensitivity" to initial temperature variations is isolated, showing how the latter would influence heat transport if they did not affect the density and hence the flow. Over 1 year the heat transport at 29oN is influenced kinematically from regions up to 20 o upstream in the western boundary current and up to 5 o upstream in the interior. In contrast, the dynamical influences of initial temperature (and salinity) perturbations spread from as far as the rim of the Labrador Sea to the 29oN section along the western boundary. The sensitivities calculated with the adjoint compare excellently to those from a perturbation calculation with the dynamical model. Perturbations in initial interior salinity influence meridional overturning and heat transport when they have propagated to the western boundary and can thus influence the integrated east-west density difference. Our results support the notion that boundary monitoring of meridional mass and heat transports is feasible.
Identification of key aromatic compounds in Congou black tea by partial least-square regression with variable importance of projection scores and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/gas chromatography-olfactometry.

BACKGROUND Gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) is the most frequently used method to estimate the sensory contribution of single odorant, but disregards the interactions between volatiles. In order to select the key volatiles responsible for the aroma attributes of Congou black tea (Camellia sinensis), instrumental, sensory and multivariate statistical approaches were applied. RESULTS Using sensory analysis, nine panellists developed eight descriptors: floral, sweet, fruity, green, roasted, oil, spicy, and off-odour. Linalool, (E)-furan linalool oxide, (Z)-pyran linalool oxide, methyl salicylate, β-myrcene, and phenylethyl alcohol, which were identified from the most representative samples by the GC-O procedure, were the essential aroma-active compounds in the formation of basic Congou black tea aroma. In addition, 136 volatiles were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), among which 55 compounds were determined as the key factors for six sensory attributes by partial least-square regression (PLSR) with variable importance of projection scores. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that headspace solid-phase microextraction/GC-MS/GC-O was a fast approach for isolation and quantification aroma-active compounds. The PLSR method was also considered to be a useful tool in selecting important variables for sensory attributes. These two strategies, which allowed us to comprehensively evaluate the sensorial contribution of a single volatile from different perspectives, can be applied to related products for comprehensive quality control. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Net Benefits: Digital Inequities in Social Capital, Privacy Preservation, and Digital Parenting Practices of U.S. Social Media Users

Social media adoption has been shown to exhibit digital inequality: sociodemographic background has been highly correlated with usage rates. As social media use has also been shown to correlate with important benefits, chiefly social capital, low adoption rates can mean a portion of the population is not receiving these benefits. In this work, we examine the equity of social media benefits among users, introducing and validating the existence of two new social media benefits: learning of privacy-preserving behaviors and parental engagement in children's social media use; and explore the equity of their distribution among social media users. To draw generalizable conclusions, we use a probabilistic telephone survey (n=3,000), weighted to represent the responses of the U.S. population within 2.7%. We encouragingly find no difference in adoption of social media based on education and find that lower-income users are more likely to use social media. Yet, we find an inequality in benefits: older and less educated social media users report lower degrees of nearly all examined benefits. Further, we find preliminary suggestion of an inherited digital inequality: parents who use social media, especially those who are more educated and higher paid, are more likely both to help their children set up privacy settings and teach them safe posting behaviors.