Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outdated Uplink Adaptation Due to Changes in the Scheduling Decisions in Interfering Cells

The major difference between a non-cellular system, i.e. a single isolated cell, and a cellular system is the intercell interference (ICI). In the uplink, the base station can measure the users' signal to noise and interference ratio (SINR) and through a feedforward channel it can inform the users which coding and modulation scheme to apply in order to perform link adaptation (LA). However, a user's SINR observed in the uplink by the base station when determining the link adaptation decision might no longer be the same when the link adaptation is effected by the user due to fluctuations of the intercell interference. By then, the intercell interference could have greatly changed even if the users are static, due to changes in the scheduling decisions in the interfering cells. Hence, the uplink transmission would no longer have the correct link adaptation for the current SINR, since we are to some extent blind with respect to the ICI. In this work, we quantify this degree of ICI blindness by the correlation between the measured ICI and the actual experienced ICI. Furthermore, we analyze the degradation in throughput for different degrees of ICI correlation which depends on the scheduling in the interfering cells. Additionally, we show how much benefit correct link adaptation provides in a cellular environment over outdated link adaptation. In this work, we assume that there is no intracell interference as a consequence of an orthogonal multiple access scheme.
A Similarity Retrieval Tool for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Statistical Maps

We propose a method for retrieving similar fMRI statistical images given a query fMRI statistical image. Our method thresholds the voxels within those images and extracts spatially distinct regions from the voxels that remain. Each region is deﬁned by a feature vector that contains the region centroid, the region area, the average activation value for all the voxels within that region, the variance of those activation values, the average distance of each voxel within that region to the region’s centroid, and the variance of the voxel’s distance to the region’s centroid. The similarity between two images is obtained by the summed minimum distance of their constituent feature vectors. Results on a dataset of fMRI statistical images from experiments involving distinct cognitive tasks are shown.
Analytical Evaluation of Partial Elements Using a Retarded Taylor Series Expansion of the Green’s Function

The computation of the fundamental magnetic and electric field coupling terms for the full-wave partial element equivalent circuit method is time consuming for large problems. Extensive numerical integration is required for the computation of four to six fold integration of the partial element coefficients. In this paper, we present new full-wave analytical formulas for their computation, which are based on several different Taylor series expansion approaches for the case of rectangular elementary volumes and surfaces.
Surface-exposed Hemophilic Mutations across the Factor VIII C2 Domain Have Variable Effects on Stability and Binding Activities*

Factor VIII (fVIII) is a plasma glycoprotein that functions as an essential cofactor in blood coagulation. Its carboxyl-terminal “C2” domain is responsible for binding to both activated platelet surfaces and von Willebrand factor. We characterized the effect of 20 hemophilia-associated missense mutations across this domain (that all occur in patients in vivo) on its stability and its binding activities. At least six of these mutations were severely destabilizing, and another four caused moderate destabilization and corresponding reductions in both binding functions. One mutant (A2201P) displayed a significant reduction in its membrane binding activity but normal von Willebrand factor binding, while two others (P2300S and R2304H) caused the opposite effect. Several mutations (including L2210P, V2223M, M2238V, and R2304C) displayed near wild-type stabilities and binding activities and may instead affect mRNA splicing or alternative properties or functions of the protein. This study demonstrated that von Willebrand factor and membrane binding activities can be uncoupled and uniquely disrupted by different mutations and that either effect can lead to similar reductions in clotting activity. It also illustrated how a heterogeneous genetic disorder causes diverse molecular phenotypes that result in similar disease states.
Performance Evaluation of Portfolio Insurance Strategies Using Stochastic Dominance Criteria

The continuing creation of portfolio insurance applications as well as the mixed research evidence suggests that so far no consensus has been reached about the effectiveness of portfolio insurance. Therefore, this paper provides a performance evaluation of the stop-loss, synthetic put and constant proportion portfolio insurance techniques based on a block-bootstrap simulation. Apart from more traditional performance measures, we consider the Value-at-risk and Expected Shortfall of the strategies, which are more appropriate in an insurance context. An additional performance evaluation is given by means of the stochastic dominance framework where we account for sampling error. A sensitivity analysis is performed in order to examine the impact on performance of a change in a specific decision variable (ceteris paribus). The results indicate that a buy-and-hold strategy does not dominate the portfolio insurance strategies at any stochastic dominance order. Moreover, both for the stop-loss and synthetic put strategy a 100% floor value outperforms lower floor values. For the CPPI strategy we find that a higher CPPI multiple enhances the upward potential of the CPPI strategies, but harms the protection level in return. As regards the optimal rebalancing frequency, daily rebalancing should be preferred for the synthetic put and CPPI strategy, despite the higher transaction costs.
The Extent of Measurement Error in Longitudinal Earnings Data: Do Two Wrongs Make a Right?

This article examines the properties and prevalence of measurement error in longitudinal earnings data. The analysis compares matched Current Population Survey data to administrative Social Security payroll tax records. In contrast to typically assumed properties of measurement error, the results indicate that errors are serially correlated over 2 years and negatively correlated with true earnings (i.e., mean reverting). In a cross section, the ratio of the variance of the signal to the total variance is . 82 for men and . 92 for women. These ratios fall to . 65 and . 81 when the data are specified in first differences. Longitudinal earnings data may be more reliable than previously believed.
Will xenon be a stranger or a friend?: the cost, benefit, and future of xenon anesthesia.

Xenon is both an old and a new anesthetic. Although its anesthetic properties have been known for more than 50 yr, it was largely forgotten until 1990, mainly because of its high cost. Aside from this problem, xenon possesses many of the characteristics of an ideal anesthetic. For example, its blood–gas partition coefficient is extremely small (0.115), yielding rapid emergence from anesthesia regardless of the duration of anesthesia. It lacks teratogenicity, and it produces analgesia, thereby suppressing hemodynamic and catecholamine responses to surgical stimulation. It is also a potent hypnotic. Unlike many conventional anesthetics, xenon does not produce hemodynamic depression in healthy humans and in dogs with normal hearts and with cardiomyopathy, at least in part because it has no actions on some important cardiac ion channels. The characteristics of xenon have been reviewed more extensively elsewhere. Essentially all previous studies of xenon, even in humans, have been relatively small. This issue of ANESTHESIOLOGY contains the first large-scale clinical evaluation of xenon anesthesia. The study, conducted by Roissant et al., demonstrates that xenon and nitrous oxide–isoflurane are at least equivalent in efficacy and safety. This study is undoubtedly a necessary step toward wide application of xenon. However, the real question is whether there is a true future for xenon. In light of the work by Roissant et al., it is reasonable to ask this question now. During the last decade, we have accumulated considerable knowledge about the actions of xenon. However, the answer to this question is not obvious.
Addiction-Like Mobile Phone Behavior – Validation and Association With Problem Gambling

Mobile phone use and its potential addiction has become a point of interest within the research community. The aim of the study was to translate and validate the Test of Mobile Dependence (TMD), and to investigate if there are any associations between mobile phone use and problem gambling. This was a cross-sectional study on a Swedish general population. A questionnaire consisting of a translated version of the TMD, three problem gambling questions (NODS-CLiP) together with two questions concerning previous addiction treatment was published online. Exploratory factor analysis based on polychoric correlations was performed on the TMD. Independent samples T-tests, Mann-Whitney test, logistic regression analyses and ANOVA were performed to examine mean differences between subjects based on TMD test score, gambling and previous addiction treatment. A total of 1,515 people (38.3% men) answered the questionnaire. The TMD showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.905), and significant correlation with subjective dependence on one's mobile phone. Women scored higher on the TMD and 15-18 year olds had the highest mean test score. The TMD test score was significantly associated with problem gambling, but only when controlling for age and sex. Various separated items related to mobile phone use were associated with problem gambling. The TMD had acceptable internal consistency and correlates with subjective dependence, while future confirmatory factor analysis is recommended. An association between mobile phone use and problem gambling may be possible, but requires further research.
Immunolocalisation of oestrogen receptor-alpha within the testis and excurrent ducts of the rat and marmoset monkey from perinatal life to adulthood.

The sites of action and the physiological role of oestrogens in the male reproductive tract are poorly understood. We have undertaken a systematic study of the immunoexpression of oestrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha) in the male rat from late fetal life through to adulthood and compared the findings with results obtained in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) from neonatal to adult life. The testes, rete testis, efferent ducts and epididymis were examined from normal male rats (aged 4, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 38, 48 and 90 days) and from male rat fetuses on days 17.5 and 18.5 of gestation; comparable tissues were examined from neonatal, infantile, peripubertal and adult marmosets aged 8, 18-24, 54-62 and 92-112 weeks respectively. Immunolocalisation of ER alpha used antigen retrieval and a monoclonal antibody directed to the N-terminus, which had proved superior to six other antisera tested. ER alpha was immunoexpressed in interstitial cells, including the fetal/ neonatal generation of Leydig cells, in both the rat and marmoset. In the rat, the adult generation of Leydig cells were also immunopositive for ER alpha whereas the comparable cells in the marmoset were only weakly immunopositive. ER alpha was not expressed in Sertoli cells, peritubular myoid cells, blood vessels or germ cells at any time in either species. In late fetal life in the rat, ER alpha was immunoexpressed in cells surrounding the mesonephric tubules, whereas postnatally it was expressed in the epithelium of the rete testis and efferent ducts at all ages from 4 to 90 days; this immunoexpression was most pronounced in the efferent ducts. In the marmoset, the efferent ducts, but not the rete testis, also showed intense immunoexpression of ER alpha. Apart from sporadic immunostaining for ER alpha in the epididymal duct of the rat in the neonatal period, the caput, corpus and cauda epididymis were negative for immunoexpression of ER alpha at all ages in both species. These findings suggest that the main actions of oestrogens in the male reproductive tract, mediated by ER alpha, are related to the development and function of the efferent ducts and the Leydig cells. In consideration of data from this and previous studies of oestrogen binding, we predict possible sites of expression of other oestrogen receptors (e.g. ER beta) in Sertoli cells and the epididymis. Interactive effects, related to the relative levels of androgens and oestrogens, could be physiologically important in the excurrent ducts of the adult testis.
On the Design and Invariants of a Ruled Surface

This paper deals with a kind of design of a ruled surface. It combines concepts from the fields of computer aided geometric design and kinematics. A dual unit spherical Bézierlike curve on the dual unit sphere (DUS) is obtained with respect the control points by a new method. So, with the aid of Study [1] transference principle, a dual unit spherical Bézier-like curve corresponds to a ruled surface. Furthermore, closed ruled surfaces are determined via control points and integral invariants of these surfaces are investigated. The results are illustrated by examples.
Investigation of periodontal ligament reaction upon excessive occlusal load--osteopontin induction among periodontal ligament cells.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the reaction of the periodontal ligament to excessive occlusal loading by observing the histological changes and osteopontin induction. The possibility of ligand for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (RANKL) participation in osteopontin induction was also discussed. BACKGROUND The precise mechanism of periodontal ligament breakdown by excessive occlusal loading remains unclear. We established an experimental model for excessive occlusal loading in vivo. Osteopontin is known to be produced upon mechanical loading and is considered to induce the migration of osteoclasts to the resorption site. RANKL is one of the essential factors for osteoclast maturation and induces the constitutive induction of intracellular osteopontin in vitro. METHODS The occlusal surface of the upper left first molars of rats was raised by steel wire bonding in order to induce occlusal trauma. The destruction of the periodontal ligament was observed and the production of osteopontin and RANKL by periodontal ligament cells was detected via immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our model produced wide-ranging destruction of the periodontal ligament. From day 3 to day 7, prominent compression of the periodontal ligament and osteoclast migration were observed at the apical interradicular septum. Osteopontin was detected in some osteoclasts, surrounding fibroblasts, and osteoblasts adjacent to the compression area. RANKL was observed from day 1 to day 7 around the osteoblasts and osteoclasts. CONCLUSIONS Our model was useful for the detailed investigation of periodontal ligament breakdown during excessive occlusal loading. Although intracellular osteopontin was produced in osteoclasts with intermittent occlusal loading, the role of this protein in the cells was not clear. No correlation between RANKL distribution and osteopontin production in osteoclasts could be found.
An original vehicle detection algorithm based on object proposals

In this paper, we presented an improved vehicle detection algorithm based on object proposals. In the training part, by using Selective Search algorithm, we firstly segment the vehicle areas in the sample set as positive examples, other regions as negative examples. Then PHOG (Pyramid Histogram of Oriented Gradient) features of the positive samples and negative ones after separately being labeled 1 or 0 will be sent to the SVM (Support Vector Machine) to be trained for generating the initial classification model. In the test stage, test sample set is applied to evaluate the model to identify the mistakenly classified ones, which are called hard examples. They will be sent to the SVM to be implemented second-training, and the model will surely be updated. In the recognition part, the test images are firstly segmented by Selective Search algorithm to generate the candidate regions and then the PHOG features of each proposal will be extracted, which will be sent to the SVM model to be predicted as label 1 or 0 and the proposals whose features are predicted as label 1 will be reserved. The experimental results show that the vehicle recognition rate using the algorithm we proposed can achieve 97.52% and it performs favorably against existing state-of-the-art methods.
Does political stability improve the aid-growth relationship? A panel evidence on selected Sub- Saharan African countries

Significant ambiguity still surrounds the aid-growth relationship despite fifty years of research on the subject. For the case of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), a possible reason for the lack of consensus is that until recently the influence of political stability on the aid-growth relationship had been largely ignored despite its relevance for the region. Further, although overlooked by the literature, the Instrumental Variable (IV) technique, the preferred treatment method of endogeneity in aid-growth relationships, may be ineffective in eliminating endogeneity bias because typical instruments for aid are neither sufficiently exogenous nor strong. Using a dataset of 31 SSA countries from 1984-2007, we re-visit the question of whether aid can spur growth in SSA using firstdifferencing (FD) to eliminate unobserved effect endogeneity while focusing on the role of political stability on the aid-growth relationship in SSA. Results suggest aid promotes growth conditional on political stability in SSA and that First Differencing (FD) eliminates a substantial amount of the endogeneity bias. Our results demonstrate the pertinence of a stable political environment to attaining the UN’s Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for SSA countries since these goals inherently assume that aid can promote growth.
Audio Visual Attribute Discovery for Fine-Grained Object Recognition

Current progresses on fine-grained recognition are mainly focus on learning the discriminative feature representation via introducing the visual supervisions e.g. part labels. However, it is time-consuming and needs the professional knowledge to obtain the accuracy annotations. Different from these existing methods based on the visual supervisions, in this paper, we introduce a novel feature named audio visual attributes via discovering the correlations between the visual and audio representations. Specifically, our unified framework is training with video-level category label, which consists of two important modules, the encoder module and the attribute discovery module, to encode the image and audio into vectors and learn the correlations between audio and images, respectively. On the encoder module, we present two types of feed forward convolutional neural network for the image and audio modalities. While an attention driven framework based on recurrent neural network is developed to generate the audio visual attribute representation. Thus, our proposed architecture can be implemented end-to-end in the step of inference. We exploit our models for the problem of fine-grained bird recognition on the CUB200-211 benchmark. The experimental results demonstrate that with the help of audio visual attribute, we achieve the superior or comparable performance to that of strongly supervised approaches on the bird recognition.
Coordinated Cache Management for Predictable Multi-Core Real-Time Systems

Many modern multi-core processors sport a large shared cache with the primary goal of enhancing the statistic performance of computing workloads. However, due to resulting cache interference among tasks, the uncontrolled use of such a shared cache can significantly hamper the predictability and analyzability of real-time multi-core systems. Software cache partitioning has been considered as an attractive approach to address this issue because it does not require any hardware support beyond that available on many modern processors. However, the state-of-the-art software cache partitioning techniques face two challenges: (1) the memory co-partitioning problem, which results page swapping or waste of memory, and (2) the availability of a limited number of cache partitions, which causes degraded performance. These are major impediments to the practical adoption of software cache partitioning. In this paper, we propose a practical OS-level cache management scheme for multi-core real-time systems. Our scheme provides predictable cache performance, addresses the aforementioned problems of existing software cache partitioning, and efficiently allocates cache partitions to schedule a given taskset. We have implemented and evaluated our scheme in Linux/RK running on the Intel Core i7 quad-core processor. Experimental results show that our scheme prevents inter-core cache interference and provides a safe upper bound on intra-core cache interference. In addition, compared to the traditional approaches, our scheme is up to 39% more memory space efficient and consumes up to 25% less cache partitions and 49% less CPU utilization in our system.
ENTRY, GIBRAT'S LAW, INNOVATION, AND THE GROWTH OF FIRMS

Using econometric results and models, Mansfield contributes toward the understanding of the dynamic aspects of an industry's composition and structure, especially the birth, growth, and death of firms. First, the paper constructs some simple models to estimate the effects that the capital requirements and profitability of an industry have on its entry and exit rates. Then it investigates how well Gibrat's law of proportionate change in firm growth, which has been tested only a few times against data for very large firms, represents the growth of firms. Gibrat's law holds that the probability of a proportionate change in size during a period is the same for all firms in a given industry. Three formulations of the law are tested against data from the steel, petroleum, and rubber tire industries. For all three versions, Gibrat's law holds in fewer than half the cases; there is an inverse relationship between a firm's chance of death and its initial size, and smaller firms have higher and more variable growth rates than larger ones. A previous study found that the effect of successful innovation on growth rate was greater for a small firm than a large one (the average effect being to raise growth rate by 4% to 13%). After estimating the effects of significant innovations on the mobility (change in relative positions in size distribution) and rewards of firms, the paper presents and tests a simple model accounting for successful innovators, to explain which firms change relative position in size distribution of an industry. Available evidence fits the model very well. Overall, the study contributes to a better understanding of the processes of firm formulation, growth, and decline, yielding a richer theory of the dynamic aspects of industrial structure. (TNM)