Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The shallow ice approximation for anisotropic ice : Formulation and limits

Ice sheet flow modeling is generally based on the shallow ice approximation (SIA) developed for isotropic ice. We extend this approximation to anisotropic ice and check its validity for both the isotropic and anisotropic cases by comparing the results of up to second-order SIA with those obtained from a model solving the full set of mechanical equations. The theory is developed for a constitutive relation describing Newtonian and non-Newtonian behavior, but numerical results are shown only for a Newtonian behavior. The results are compared for plane flow of isothermal ice under steady state conditions. SIA gives an excellent representation of the Newtonian flow of an isotropic ice sheet and a good description for the anisotropic case. The zero-order approximation is sufficient to describe ice flow precisely over flat bedrock, for the anisotropic and isotropic cases, even close to an ice divide. For uneven bedrock, the second-order SIA gives excellent results for isotropic ice and acceptable results for anisotropic ice. Finally, we quantify the error introduced by using an enhancement factor to represent the anisotropy when longitudinal stresses are taken into account.
Differing patterns of temporal atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease and semantic dementia

Objective: To characterize and quantify the patterns of temporal lobe atrophy in AD vs semantic dementia and to relate the findings to the cognitive profiles. Medial temporal lobe atrophy is well described in AD. In temporal variant frontotemporal dementia (semantic dementia), clinical studies suggest polar and inferolateral temporal atrophy with hippocampal sparing, but quantification is largely lacking. Methods: A volumetric method for quantifying multiple temporal structures was applied to 26 patients with probable AD, 18 patients with semantic dementia, and 21 matched control subjects. Results: The authors confirmed the expected bilateral hippocampal atrophy in AD relative to controls, with involvement of the amygdala bilaterally and the right parahippocampal gyrus. Contrary to expectations, patients with semantic dementia had asymmetric hippocampal atrophy, more extensive than AD on the left. As predicted, the semantic dementia group showed more severe involvement of the temporal pole bilaterally and the left amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus (including the entorhinal cortex), fusiform gyrus, and the inferior and middle temporal gyri. Performance on semantic association tasks correlated with the size of the left fusiform gyrus, whereas naming appeared to depend upon a wider left temporal network. Episodic memory measures, with the exception of recognition memory for faces, did not correlate with temporal measures. Conclusions: Hippocampal atrophy is not specific for AD but is also seen in semantic dementia. Distinguishing the patients with semantic dementia was the severe global but asymmetric (left > right) atrophy of the amygdala, temporal pole, and fusiform and inferolateral temporal gyri. These findings have implications for diagnosis and understanding of the cognitive deficits in AD and semantic dementia.
In vitro pharmacological profiling of R406 identifies molecular targets underlying the clinical effects of fostamatinib

Off‐target pharmacology may contribute to both adverse and beneficial effects of a new drug. In vitro pharmacological profiling is often applied early in drug discovery; there are fewer reports addressing the relevance of broad profiles to clinical adverse effects. Here, we have characterized the pharmacological profile of the active metabolite of fostamatinib, R406, linking an understanding of drug selectivity to the increase in blood pressure observed in clinical studies. R406 was profiled in a broad range of in vitro assays to generate a comprehensive pharmacological profile and key targets were further investigated using functional and cellular assay systems. A combination of traditional literature searches and text‐mining approaches established potential mechanistic links between the profile of R406 and clinical side effects. R406 was selective outside the kinase domain, with only antagonist activity at the adenosine A3 receptor in the range relevant to clinical effects. R406 was less selective in the kinase domain, having activity at many protein kinases at therapeutically relevant concentrations when tested in multiple in vitro systems. Systematic literature analyses identified KDR as the probable target underlying the blood pressure increase observed in patients. While the in vitro pharmacological profile of R406 suggests a lack of selectivity among kinases, a combination of classical searching and text‐mining approaches rationalized the complex profile establishing linkage between off‐target pharmacology and clinically observed effects. These results demonstrate the utility of in vitro pharmacological profiling for a compound in late‐stage clinical development.
What Makes a Story Plausible? The Need for Precedents

When reasoning about the facts of a case, we typically use stories to link the known events into coherent wholes. One way to establish coherence is to appeal to past examples, real or fictitious. These examples can be chosen and critiqued using the case-based reasoning (CBR) techniques from the AI and Law literature. In this paper, we apply these techniques to factual stories, assessing a story about the facts using precedents. We thus show how factual and legal reasoning can be combined in a CBR model.
Gesture and voice control of Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IOT) is a comparatively recent concept of systems where Internet-enabled "things" in the physical world equipped with sensors, actuators and capable of interacting with the environment are connected to the Internet for monitoring and control of the "things". The concept has grown enormously during the last one and half decade. The growth of the IoT has influence on everyone and everything, and is expected to make great differences in the next decades. In this paper, an approach of combined voice and gesture control of IoT is proposed. A prototype system based on an ARM Cortex-A8 processor under embedded Linux operating system has been developed for performance study and measurement on a real-time test set-up. Test results show that the system is capable of recognizing hand gestures and voice commands on real-time frame for controlling ZigBee-enabled devices over the wireless communication channel.
The role of small adaptor proteins in the control of oncogenic signaling driven by tyrosine kinases in human cancer

Protein phosphorylation on tyrosine (Tyr) residues has evolved as an important mechanism to coordinate cell communication in multicellular organisms. The importance of this process has been revealed by the discovery of the prominent oncogenic properties of tyrosine kinases (TK) upon deregulation of their physiological activities, often due to protein overexpression and/or somatic mutation. Recent reports suggest that TK oncogenic signaling is also under the control of small adaptor proteins. These cytosolic proteins lack intrinsic catalytic activity and signal by linking two functional members of a catalytic pathway. While most adaptors display positive regulatory functions, a small group of this family exerts negative regulatory functions by targeting several components of the TK signaling cascade. Here, we review how these less studied adaptor proteins negatively control TK activities and how their loss of function induces abnormal TK signaling, promoting tumor formation. We also discuss the therapeutic consequences of this novel regulatory mechanism in human oncology.
Revelations from the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans on the Complex Interplay of Metal Toxicological Mechanisms

Metals have been definitively linked to a number of disease states. Due to the widespread existence of metals in our environment from both natural and anthropogenic sources, understanding the mechanisms of their cellular detoxification is of upmost importance. Organisms have evolved cellular detoxification systems including glutathione, metallothioneins, pumps and transporters, and heat shock proteins to regulate intracellular metal levels. The model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), contains these systems and provides several advantages for deciphering the mechanisms of metal detoxification. This review provides a brief summary of contemporary literature on the various mechanisms involved in the cellular detoxification of metals, specifically, antimony, arsenic, cadmium, copper, manganese, mercury, and depleted uranium using the C. elegans model system for investigation and analysis.
Relation extraction using dependency tree kernel for Bahasa Indonesia

Most studies on relation extraction for Bahasa Indonesia were usually done by using string matching method. This approach lacked the syntactical information of the original text data. This paper offers an alternative approach of tree kernel method having advantage of preserving the sentence structure. Each sentence from the text is represented as a dependency parse tree. The tree kernel will calculate the similarity between the trees. Intuitively, the use of dependency structure would yield more accurate result since the related entities would closely connected to each other. Here, we compared our work with bag of word method. In the bag of word method, each pair of possibly related entities within the sentence, the shortest sub sentence containing both entities will be transformed into a feature vector. The similarity between two feature vectors will be calculated using a dot product. The experiments showed that the tree kernel method outperformed the bag of words method. On average, the tree kernel method yielded 77.3% on accuracy while the best bag of words method only had 71.8%. As a trade off, this method runs slower about ~50x longer than the bag of words method. At the final method, we tried the combined kernel and held the best result with 78.7% accuracy.
Modeling and Generation of Mobile Video Traces Encoded with Advanced and Scalable Video Coding

We propose a simple model that is capable of capturing the statistical characteristics of mobile video traces encoded using MPEG4Part 2, AVC and SVC encoding techniques. The model can be adjusted to adapt to diverse workload configurations which give researchers a great flexibility to assess different network traffic conditions. We also discuss the model based trace generator and the challenges of its implementation. Simulation results validating the model are presented. In addition to that, we provide several insights about video modeling. This will help in testing, simulating and validating mobile video transmission and resource scheduling strategies over broadband wireless networks such as WiMAX and LTE.
Integrated circuit for detection of acoustic emergency signals in road traffic

In larger cities, emergency vehicles of fire services, emergency services and police are often impeded by other road users. Although the emergency vehicles use visual and acoustic warning signals to become noticeable, they are not always perceived soon by other road users. This can lead to dangerous traffic situations and unacceptable delay of the emergency vehicle. To address this issue, and raise the awareness and lower the reaction time of the driver, a driver assistance system is developed which monitors the ambient noise behind the car and informs the driver when an acoustic signal is detected. Special attention was paid to simplicity of the algorithm for easy implementation in an integrated circuit.
Video completion via motion guided spatial-temporal global optimization

In this paper, a novel global optimization based approach is proposed for video completion whose target is to restore the spatial-temporal missing regions of a video in a visually plausible way. Our algorithm consists of two stages: motion field completion and color completion via global optimization. First, local motions within the missing parts are completed patch-by-patch greedily using pre-computed available motions in the video. Then the missing regions are filled by sampling patches from available parts of the video. We formulate the video completion as a global energy minimization problem by Markov random fields (MRFs). Based on the completed motion field of the video, a well-defined energy function involving both spatial and temporal coherence relationship is constructed. A coarse-to-fine Belief Propagation (BP) is proposed to solve the optimization problem. Experimental results have demonstrated the good performance of our algorithm.
Dynamical evolution of intermediate mass black holes and their observable signatures in the nearby Universe

We investigate the consequences of a model of the assembly and growth of massive black holes (MBHs) from primordial seeds, remnants of the first generation of stars in a hierarchical structure formation scenario. Our model traces the build-up of MBHs from an early epoch, and follows the merger history of dark matter haloes and their associated holes via Monte Carlo realizations of the merger hierarchy, from early times to the present time, in a A cold dark matter cosmology. The sequence of minor and major mergers experienced by galactic haloes in their hierarchical growth affects the merger history of MBHs embedded in their nuclei. So, if the formation route for the assembly of supermassive black holes dates back to the early universe, a large number of black hole (BH) interactions is inevitable. The coalescence time-scales of binary black holes can be long enough for a third BH to fall in and interact with the central binary. These BH triple interactions lead typically to the final expulsion of one of the three bodies and to the recoil of the binary. Also, asymmetric emission of gravitational waves in the last stages of the BH merging can give a recoil velocity to the centre of mass of the coalescing binary. This scenario leads to the prediction of a population of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) wandering in galaxy haloes at the present epoch. We compute the luminosity distribution produced by these IMBHs accreting from their circumstellar medium. We find that in a Milky Way-sized galaxy they are unable to account for sources with luminosities ≥ 10 39 erg s -1 , unless they carry a baryonic remnant from which they are able to accrete for a long time. We also find that, for typical spiral galaxies, the bright end of the point-source distribution correlates with the mass of the galaxy and the most luminous sources are expected to be found in the disc.
Organization, skill and technology: evidence from a panel of British and French establishments

In this paper we investigate evidence for the ‘skill bias’ of organizational change (OC). These include the decentralization of authority, delayering of managerial functions and increased multi-tasking. We use several sources of panel data on British and French establishments. Three findings emerge: (i) organizational change tends to reduce the demand for unskilled workers in both countries; (ii) OC is retarded by increases in regional skill price differentials (a measure of the relative supply of skill); (iii) OC leads to greater productivity increases in establishments with larger initial skill endowments. We argue that OC, technology and human capital are complementary assets of the modern enterprise. The widespread introduction of new organizational forms may be an important factor in the declining demand for less skilled workers in OECD countries.
Transformative metrics for holistic ministry in the marketplace

Holistic ministry is now the standard across global missional practice, and one manifestation of integral mission is Entrepreneurial Church Planting (ECP). This occurs when business entrepreneurs and clergy members launch spiritually and economically integrated communities of faith. While it may be conceptually inviting for spiritual and business forces to comingle in reaching the lost, ECP activities need to be evaluated as to whether they are accomplishing the goals of the Great Commission and the Creation Commission. In-depth study is needed now to consider outcomes relative to goals. To that end, this study will examine the unique data trends that emerge in the case study of Kentucky-based Meridzo Ministries. Grassroots insights from case-study research will then be applied to Clemens Sedmak’s kinship model in order to posit three proxy indicators based upon interviewee data. This article argues that rather than measuring success of missions economically or spiritually, success should be gauged on the grounds of holistic relational transformation.
Logistics amount forecasting based on combined ARIMA and ANN model

The logistics amount of some enterprises has a dual characters of growth and seasonal fluctuation. Multiple seasonal ARIMA model has linear fitting ability and ANN has the ability of nonlinear relationship mapping. A combined forecasting model based on multiple seasonal ARIMA model and ANN model was proposed to overcome the defects of single model, and the prediction result shows that the combined forecasting model is superior to the single model in many performance aspects. Combined forecasting model offers a new effective method of logistics amount prediction.
Genetic linkage between a sexually selected trait and X chromosome meiotic drive

Previous studies on the stalk-eyed fly, Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni, have shown that males with long eye-stalks win contests and are preferred by females, and artificial selection on male relative eye span alters brood sex-ratios. Subsequent theory proposes that X-linked meiotic drive can catalyse the evolution of mate preferences when drive is linked to ornament genes. Here we test this prediction by mapping meiotic drive and quantitative trait loci (QTL) for eye span. To map QTL we genotyped 24 microsatellite loci using 1228 F2 flies from two crosses between lines selected for long or short eye span. The crosses differed by presence or absence of a drive X chromosome, XD, in the parental male. Linkage analysis reveals that XD dramatically reduces recombination between X and XD chromosomes. In the XD cross, half of the F2 males carried the drive haplotype, produced partially elongated spermatids and female-biased broods, and had shorter eye span. The largest QTL mapped 1.3 cM from drive on the X chromosome and explained 36% of the variation in male eye span while another QTL mapped to an autosomal region that suppresses drive. These results indicate that selfish genetic elements that distort the sex-ratio can influence the evolution of exaggerated traits.
Resources for Indonesian Sentiment Analysis

Abstract In this work, we present subjectivity lexicons of positive and negative expressions for Indonesian language created by automatically translating English lexicons. Other variations are created by intersecting or unioning them. We compare the lexicons in the task of predicting sentence polarity on a set of 446 manually annotated sentences and we also contrast the generic lexicons with a small lexicon extracted directly from the annotated sentences (in a cross-validation setting). We seek for further improvements by assigning weights to lexicon entries and by wrapping the prediction into a machine learning task with a small number of additional features. We observe that lexicons are able to reach high recall but suffer from low precision when predicting whether a sentence is evaluative (positive or negative) or not (neutral). Weighting the lexicons can improve either the recall or the precision but with a comparable decrease in the other measure.
Assessment of Iron Deposition and White Matter Maturation in Infant Brains by Using Enhanced T2 Star Weighted Angiography (ESWAN): R2* versus Phase Values

Background and Purpose Iron deposition and white matter (WM) maturation are very important for brain development in infants. It has been reported that the R2* and phase values originating from the gradient-echo sequence could both reflect the iron and myelination. The aim of this study was to investigate age-related changes of R2* and phase value, and compare their performances for monitoring iron deposition and WM maturation in infant brains. Methods 56 infants were examined by enhanced T2 star weighted angiography (ESWAN) and diffusion tensor imaging in the 1.5T MRI system. The R2* and phase values were measured from the deep gray nuclei and WM. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were measured only in the WM regions. Correlation analyses were performed to explore the relation among the two parameters (R2* and phase values) and postmenstrual age (PMA), previously published iron concentrations as well as FA values. Results We found significantly positive correlations between the R2* values and PMA in both of the gray nuclei and WM. Moreover, R2* values had a positive correlation with the iron reference concentrations in the deep gray nuclei and the FA in the WM. However, phase values only had the positive correlation with PMA and FA in the internal capsule, and no significant correlation with PMA and iron content in the deep gray nuclei. Conclusions Compared with the phase values, R2* may be a preferable method to estimate the iron deposition and WM maturation in infant brains.
Nodular Scleritis Associated with Herpes Zoster Virus: An Infectious and Immune-Mediated Process

Purpose. To describe a case of anterior nodular scleritis, preceded by an anterior hypertensive uveitis, which was primarily caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV). Case Report. A 54-year-old woman presented with anterior uveitis of the right eye presumably caused by herpetic viral disease and was successfully treated. Two months later, she developed a nodular scleritis and started oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory without effect. A complete laboratory workup revealed positivity for HLA-B27; the infectious workup was negative. Therapy was changed to oral prednisolone and an incomplete improvement occurred. Therefore, a diagnostic anterior paracentesis was performed and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed VZV. She was treated with valacyclovir and the oral prednisolone began to decrease; however, a marked worsening of the scleritis occurred with the reduction of the daily dose; subsequently, methotrexate was introduced allowing the suspension of the prednisolone and led to clinical resolution of the scleritis. Conclusion. This report of anterior nodular scleritis caused by VZV argues in favor of an underlying immune-mediated component, requiring immunosuppressive therapy for clinical resolution. The PCR analysis of the aqueous humor was revealed to be a valuable technique and should be considered in cases of scleritis with poor response to treatment.