Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transition zone prostate cancer: incremental value of diffusion-weighted endorectal MR imaging in tumor detection and assessment of aggressiveness.

PURPOSE To evaluate the incremental value of using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in addition to T2-weighted imaging for the detection of prostate cancer in the transition zone and the assessment of tumor aggressiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective HIPAA-compliant institutional review board-approved study included 156 consecutive patients (median age, 59.2 years) who underwent MR imaging before radical prostatectomy. Two readers who were blinded to patient data independently recorded their levels of suspicion on a five-point scale of the presence of transition zone tumors on the basis of T2-weighted imaging alone and then, 4 weeks later, diffusion-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging together. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were measured in transition zone cancers and glandular and stromal benign prostatic hyperplasia. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate detection accuracy, and generalized linear models were used to test ADC differences between benign and malignant prostate regions. Whole-mount step-section histopathologic examination was the reference standard. RESULTS In overall tumor detection, addition of diffusion-weighted imaging to T2-weighted imaging improved the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for readers 1 and 2 from 0.60 and 0.60 to 0.75 and 0.71, respectively, at the patient level (P = .004 for reader 1 and P = .027 for reader 2) and from 0.64 and 0.63 to 0.73 and 0.68, respectively, at the sextant level (P = .001 for reader 1 and P = .100 for reader 2). Least squares mean ADCs (× 10(-3) mm(2)/sec) in glandular and stromal benign prostatic hyperplasia were 1.44 and 1.09, respectively. Mean ADCs were inversely associated with tumor Gleason scores (1.10, 0.98, 0.87, and 0.75 for Gleason scores of 3 + 3, 3 + 4, 4 + 3, and ≥ 4 + 4, respectively). CONCLUSION Use of diffusion-weighted imaging in addition to T2-weighted imaging improved detection of prostate cancer in the transition zone, and tumor ADCs were inversely associated with tumor Gleason scores in the transition zone.
On random field CAPTCHA generation

Herein, we propose generating CAPTCHAs through random field simulation and give a novel, effective and efficient algorithm to do so. Indeed, we demonstrate that sufficient information about word tests for easy human recognition is contained in the site marginal probabilities and the site-to-nearby-site covariances and these quantities can be embedded into KNW conditional probabilities, designed for effective simulation. The CAPTCHAs are then partial random realizations of the random CAPTCHA word: we start with an initial random field (e.g., randomly scattered letter pieces) and use Gibbs resampling to re-simulate portions of the field repeatedly using the KNW conditional probabilities until the word becomes human-readable. The residual randomness from the initial random field together with the random implementation of the CAPTCHA word provide significant resistance to attack. This results in a CAPTCHA which is unrecognizable to modern OCR but is recognized about 95% of the time in a human readability study. Image processing, security, statistical information compression, Markov random field, simulation.
Identification and characterization of a Drosophila ortholog of WRN exonuclease that is required to maintain genome integrity

The premature human aging Werner syndrome (WS) is caused by mutation of the RecQ‐family WRN helicase, which is unique in possessing also 3′–5′ exonuclease activity. WS patients show significant genomic instability with elevated cancer incidence. WRN is implicated in restraining illegitimate recombination, especially during DNA replication. Here we identify a Drosophila ortholog of the WRN exonuclease encoded by the CG7670 locus. The predicted DmWRNexo protein shows conservation of structural motifs and key catalytic residues with human WRN exonuclease, but entirely lacks a helicase domain. Insertion of a piggyBac element into the 5′ UTR of CG7670 severely reduces gene expression. DmWRNexo mutant flies homozygous for this insertional allele of CG7670 are thus severely hypomorphic; although adults show no gross morphological abnormalities, females are sterile. Like human WS cells, we show that the DmWRNexo mutant flies are hypersensitive to the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin. Furthermore, these mutant flies show highly elevated rates of mitotic DNA recombination resulting from excessive reciprocal exchange. This study identifies a novel WRN ortholog in flies and demonstrates an important role for WRN exonuclease in maintaining genome stability.
Deterrence of Men from Using Aggression toward Female Partners

The study explored how men were deterred from using aggression toward a female partner by examining men's evaluation of their female partner's readiness to respond to their aggression (by involving formal and/or informal social agents and by threatening to leave or leaving the relationship). The data were obtained from 217 men. Findings show that the higher the men evaluate the women's readiness to respond to their aggression, the more severe their aggression. Findings also indicate that women's readiness to threaten to leave, actually to leave, or to involve informal social agents is higher than their readiness to involve formal social agents. Findings that show that when the men decide that the women will respond to their aggression, this evaluation directly affects the other variables, as well as the association between these variables. The more the men evaluate that the women will respond to their aggression, the more likely they are to restrain their violent tendencies.
Surface Characterization and Clinical Review of Two Commercially Available Implants

Purpose:To characterize topographically and chemically the surfaces of 2 commercially available implants. Furthermore, to gather an overview of the clinical results of these implant systems. Materials and Methods:Two commercially available oral implants were analyzed using optical interferometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. In addition, a literature search for all the clinical articles on the same implants was performed. Results:No significant differences of topographical parameters were found between the 2 implants, except for the hybrid parameter Sdr presenting significant higher values for the Ankylos implants. Both surfaces had a homogenous microporosity. At higher magnifications of scanning electron microscope images, evenly distributed nanostructures (approximately 10 nm) were visible. Chemically, mainly titanium, oxygen and carbon were detected. Fifty-six clinical articles were included for the review. The implant survival rates (minimum follow-up: 5 years) ranged between 87.7% and 100%. Conclusions:The examined commercially available implants showed a moderately rough surface, with a homogenous microporosity. Nanofeatures were detected on the surface of both implants. The clinical performances of these implants were comparable to that of other commercialized implant systems.
The Experiencing Questionnaire: Locating exceptional reading moments

The Experiencing Questionnaire (EQ) is a 58-item instrument recently developed to assess some relatively uncommon but theoretically significant types of reading experience. Derived from the phenomenological conception of “experiencing,” it promises psychometrically sound access to the generative and self-altering aspects of literary reading. Results of preliminary studies indicate that EQ scales are reliable, that profiles of EQ scales differentiate theoretically relevant orientations toward literary reading (e.g., objective engagement, subjective engagement, secular enactive engagement, spiritual enactive engagement), and that the interactive combination of selected EQ scales reflects apex moments (sublime disquietude, sublime enthrallment) during literary reading.
How the Case of Vumile Contributes to the Evidence Base for Cognitive Therapy with Social Phobia as an Empirically Grounded Clinical Intervention

This article is a response to commentaries by Davison (2005), S. Fishman (2006), Sanderson (2006), and Turk (2006) on Edwards and KannanAƒÂ¢A‚â‚¬A‚â„¢s (2006) case study, which documents the response to group therapy of Vumile, a South African student with social phobia. The case material is discussed in relation to five themes raised by the commentators: (a) the tension between structure and flexibility in manualization of treatments, (b) theoretical and practical aspects of the planning and implementation of the intervention, (c) the adaptation of an individual treatment to a group therapy format, (d) methodological aspects of data collection, and (e) methodological aspects related to the drawing of conclusions from the case material. Broader implications are drawn for the place of case-based methodology in the development of evidence-based practice in psychotherapy.
Career Development Attributes and Occupational Values of Asian American and White American College Students.

This study examined differences in career development attributes and occupational values between Asian American and White American college students using (a) the Crites' (1978) Career Maturity Inventory; (b) Harren's (1978) Assessment of Career Decision Making: Styles Subscales; (c) Holland, Daiger, and Power's (1980) My Vocational Situation; and (d) Rosenberg's (1957) Occupations and Values Scale. Asian Americans were found to have greater preferences for Dependent decisionmaking styles and also a lower level of career maturity. No differences in vocational identity were found between the cultural groups. Asian Americans also placed greater emphasis on extrinsic and security occupational value clusters (e.g., making more money, having a stable, secure future) relative to White Americans. The counseling and research implications of the results are discussed.
Blocked Paths, Uncertain Futures: The Postsecondary Education and Labor Market Prospects of Undocumented Latino Youth

Over the past few decades, undocumented settlement in the United States has grown to unprecedented numbers. Among the nearly 12 million undocumented immigrants, a substantial portion of undocumented youth is growing up with legal access to public education through high school but facing legal restrictions and economic barriers to higher education and the workforce. Every year, about 65,000 undocumented students graduate from high school nationwide. Like other children of immigrants, they plan to remain in the United States, but these young men and women have few means out of poverty. We provide a blueprint for assessing the future prospects of undocumented youth by offering a brief analysis of immigration and educational policies that currently affect the U.S. undocumented youth population and summarizing what is known about undocumented students' educational and occupational barriers and opportunities, particularly as they transition out of high school. We also discuss potential solutions to improve their circumstances and tap into their talents. Without broader means to obtain a postsecondary education and legally participate in adult life, these young men and women are a vulnerable population at risk for poverty and hardship. However, if given opportunities to pursue higher education and work legally in this country, these bilingual, bicultural students would benefit U.S. taxpayers and the economy overall.
Expert Noticing and Principals of High-Performing Urban Schools

In this qualitative study, we applied the concept of expert noticing to instructional leadership in high-performing urban schools that attained both excellent and equitable results for the various diverse populations they served. Unlike the overwhelming majority of urban schools in the United States, in the schools we studied, the academic achievement of African American, Latino, and low-income students exceeded state averages for all students. Assuming that principals who influenced the growth of these high-performing urban schools might be considered experts, we sought to understand what these experts noticed about classroom instruction. Given the exploratory nature of this inquiry, a qualitative interview study was chosen as the method of inquiry. We interviewed 14 principals of some of the nation's highest performing urban elementary, middle, and high schools. The principals consistently reported that, as they observed classrooms, they noticed concerns related to student engagement and understanding and classroom atmosphere. In particular, principals paid attention to the extent that students were talking, explaining, and describing in ways that gave teachers an indication of each student's levels of understanding of the lesson content. Similarly, principals noticed the climate, atmosphere, or tone of the classroom. The priorities that principals claimed to notice were different from those that principals are often taught to observe through preservice and in-service training, generating important questions and opportunities for further study.
Exact and easy guidance with visual navigation situation for mobile user

Guidance is very important for one in an unfamiliar or even totally new place, especially staying in town with many crossed streets or lanes, typically for a traveler during his/her tourism. Mobile phone with camera has been taken as a useful tool for navigation for travellers. Pictures or video taken by mobile phones are used to identify traveller's position with method of visual localization. Localization of traveller is the basic step for navigation, but an exact and easy guidance could be more important and practical. This paper takes a full consideration of navigation based on mobile visual localization and provide traveller with an exact and easy guidance method. Mobile user captures a few photos or a short video around him/her, for example with his/her cell phone, and then sends it or them to a remote server via wireless internet. Remote server extracts visual features and matches them to pictures database to determine the traveller's position. Given a destination, Navigation Situation is generated and calculate proper rout between traveller's position and destination, then return traveller with a series of pictures marked with an arrow indicating the correct crossing and left/right turn should be taken. Following these marked pictures, traveller can get the expected place and it's just like labyrinth guidance.
Relation extraction with tree kernel for Indonesian sentences

This paper propose of a study about kernels method for relation extraction in natural language tasks. Our study based on relation extraction using Indonesian parse tree kernel approach such as define subtree and subset tree, establish word dependency pattern and modified parse tree algorithm for testing accuracy of the dependency tree. We aim to modified the algorithm that was created by Moschitti in[2] for the evaluation of the sub tree (ST) and subset tree (SST) kernel using Indonesian sentences. The concept of Indonesian tree kernel is when production associated with n1 and n2 are different, we can avoid to evaluate delta (n1,n2) since it is 0. For experiment, we extract relation from various offline resources, with domain including academic papers in the fielsd of language practicing and science. By using 250 sentence, the highest accuracy score for node pair set `Role_Staff ? Role owner' achieved 89,2% for ST and 86,5% for SST.
Rebeccamycin Derivatives as Dual DNA-Damaging Agents and Potent Checkpoint Kinase 1 Inhibitors

Rebeccamycin is an indolocarbazole class inhibitor of topoisomerase I. In the course of structure-activity relationship studies on rebeccamycin derivatives, we have synthesized analogs with the sugar moiety attached to either one or both indole nitrogens. Some analogs, especially those with substitutions at the 6′ position of the carbohydrate moiety, exhibit potent inhibitory activity toward checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), a kinase that has a major role in the G2/M checkpoint in response to DNA damage. Some of these compounds retained a genotoxic activity either through intercalation into the DNA and/or by topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage. We explored the structure-activity relationship between these compounds and their multiple targets. These rebeccamycin derivatives represent a novel class of potential antitumor agents that have a dual effect and might selectively induce the death of cancer cells.
Generalization Methods for In-Domain and Cross-Domain Opinion Holder Extraction

In this paper, we compare three different generalization methods for in-domain and cross-domain opinion holder extraction being simple unsupervised word clustering, an induction method inspired by distant supervision and the usage of lexical resources. The generalization methods are incorporated into diverse classifiers. We show that generalization causes significant improvements and that the impact of improvement depends on the type of classifier and on how much training and test data differ from each other. We also address the less common case of opinion holders being realized in patient position and suggest approaches including a novel (linguistically-informed) extraction method how to detect those opinion holders without labeled training data as standard datasets contain too few instances of this type.
Re-assessing the Impact of SMT Techniques with Human Evaluation: a Case Study on English—Croatian

We re-assess the impact brought by a set of widely-used SMT models and techniques by means of human evaluation. These include different types of development sets (crowdsourced vs translated professionally), reordering, operation sequence and bilingual neural language models as well as common approaches to data selection and combination. In some cases our results corroborate previous ﬁndings found in the literature, when those approaches were evaluated in terms of automatic metrics, but in some other cases they do not.
Heterotic string/F-theory duality from mirror symmetry

We use local mirror symmetry in type IIA string compactifications on Calabi–Yau n + 1 folds Xn+1 to construct vector bundles on (possibly singular) elliptically fibered Calabi–Yau n-folds Zn. The interpretation of these data as valid classical solutions of the heterotic string compactified on Zn proves Ftheory/heterotic duality at the classical level. Toric geometry is used to establish a systematic dictionary that assigns to each given toric n+1-fold Xn+1 a toric n fold Zn together with a specific family of sheafs on it. This allows for a systematic construction of phenomenologically interesting d = 4 N = 1 heterotic vacua, e.g. on deformations of the tangent bundle, with grand unified and SU(3)× SU(2) gauge groups. As another application we find nonperturbative gauge enhancements of the heterotic string on singular Calabi–Yau manifolds and new non-perturbative dualities relating heterotic compactifications on different manifolds. November 1998 1 berglund@itp.ucsb. edu 2 Peter.Mayr@cern.ch
Optimal topology exploration for application-specific 3D architectures

As technology scales, increasing interconnect costs make it necessary to consider alternate ways of building integrated circuits. One promising option along this direction is 3D architectures where a stack of multiple device layers, with direct vertical tunneling through them, are put together on the same chip. In this paper, we explore how processor cores and storage blocks can be placed in a 3D architecture to minimize data access costs under temperature constraints. This process is referred to as the topology exploration. Using integer linear programming, we compare the best 2D placement with the best 3D placement, and show through experiments with both single-core and multicore systems that the 3D placement generates much better results (in terms of data access costs) under the same temperature bounds. We also discuss the tradeoffs between temperature constraint and data access costs
Collaborative Web Recommendation Systems based on an effective Fuzzy Association Rule Mining Algorithm (FARM)

Web-based product and recommendation systems have become ever popular on-line business practice with increasing emphasis on modeling customer needs and providing them with targeted or personalized service solutions in real-time interaction. Recommender systems is a specific type of information filtering system technique that attempts to recommend information items like images, web pages, etc that are likely to be of interest to the user. Normally, a recommender system compares a user profile to some reference characteristics, and seeks to predict the 'rating' and retrieve the query elements. This system can be classified into two groups: one is Content-based recommendation and another is collaborative recommendation system. Content based recommendation tries to recommend web sites similar to those web sites the user has liked, whereas collaborative recommendation tries to find some users who share similar tastes with the given user and recommends web sites they like to that user. Based on web usage data in adoptive association rule based web mining the association rules were applied to personalization. The technique makes use of apriori algorithm to generate association rules. Even this method has some disadvantages. An effective Fuzzy Association Rule Mining Algorithm (FARM) is proposed by the author to overcome those disadvantages. This proposed Fuzzy HARM algorithm for association rule mining in web recommendation system results in better quality and performance.
Functional Organization and Adaptability of a Decision-Making Network in Aplysia

Whereas major insights into the neuronal basis of adaptive behavior have been gained from the study of automatic behaviors, including reflexive and rhythmic motor acts, the neural substrates for goal-directed behaviors in which decision-making about action selection and initiation are crucial, remain poorly understood. However, the mollusk Aplysia is proving to be increasingly relevant to redressing this issue. The functional properties of the central circuits that govern this animal’s goal-directed feeding behavior and particularly the neural processes underlying the selection and initiation of specific feeding actions are becoming understood. In addition to relying on the intrinsic operation of central networks, goal-directed behaviors depend on external sensory inputs that through associative learning are able to shape decision-making strategies. Here, we will review recent findings on the functional design of the central network that generates Aplysia’s feeding-related movements and the sensory-derived plasticity that through learning can modify the selection and initiation of appropriate action. The animal’s feeding behavior and the implications of decision-making will be briefly described. The functional design of the underlying buccal network will then be used to illustrate how cellular diversity and the coordination of neuronal burst activity provide substrates for decision-making. The contribution of specific synaptic and neuronal membrane properties within the buccal circuit will also be discussed in terms of their role in motor pattern selection and initiation. The ability of learning to “rigidify” these synaptic and cellular properties so as to regularize network operation and lead to the expression of stereotyped rhythmic behavior will then be described. Finally, these aspects will be drawn into a conceptual framework of how Aplysia’s goal-directed circuitry compares to the central pattern generating networks for invertebrate rhythmic behaviors.