Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Characteristics of False-Negatives in File-level Fault Prediction

Over the years, a plethora of works has proposed more and more sophisticated machine learning techniques to improve fault prediction models. However, past studies using product metrics from closed-source projects, found a ceiling effect in the performance of fault prediction models. On the other hand, other studies have shown that process metrics are significantly better than product metrics for fault prediction. In our case study therefore we build models that include both product and process metrics taken together. We find that the ceiling effect found in prior studies exists even when we consider process metrics. We then qualitatively investigate the bug reports, source code files, and commit information for the bugs in the files that are false-negative in our fault prediction models trained using product and process metrics. Surprisingly, our qualitative analysis shows that bugs related to false-negative files and true-positive files are similar in terms of root causes, impact and affected components, and consequently such similarities might be exploited to enhance fault prediction models.
SIRT1 and the Clock Gene Machinery in Colorectal Cancer

SIRT1 and the clock genes are involved in carcinogenesis. We evaluated SIRT1 expression in 19 human colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens and clock gene expression in SIRT1-overexpressing CaCo2 and SW480 cells. In CRC, SIRT1 mean expression level was decreased. Compared to CaCo2 cells, SW480 cells displayed lower levels of SIRT1 and PER3 and higher levels of ARNTL1, CLOCK, PER1, PER2, CRY1, TIPIN, and CSNKIE. SIRT1 overexpression induced PER1 upregulation in CaCo2 and downregulation in SW480 cells. SIRT1 expression was heterogeneous in human CRC and in CRC cell lines. These results might have relevant implications for a better understanding of colorectal carcinogenesis.
Efficacy of Sport Stockings can be Improved

Results: It is demonstrated that higher compression pressure over the calf without increasing the pressure during muscle relaxation is essential to increase the ejection fraction of the calf pump. This may be achieved by applying stiff Velcro-bands or patches around the calf which do not give way when the muscles contract. A pressure gradient from distal to proximal may be neglected and even foot-sparing compression devices can be considered. The resulting fluctuations of compression pressure during movement exert a massaging effect squeezing out venous blood from the calf much more efficiently compared to the effect of elastic, yielding stocking material.
EEG Signal Recognition Based on Wavelet Transform and ACCLN Network

Abstract: The electroencephalogram(EEG) is a record of brain activity. Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology has become one of the hotspots at present, especially for the identification of EEG characteristic signals. In this paper, A new method of recognizing fatigue, conscious, concentrated state of human brain is proposed by the combination of discrete wavelet transform and the neural network based on EEG signal. First of all, the raw signal is preprocessed by the wavelet denoising method because the raw EEG signal contains a large number of high frequency noise, which is decomposed into multi-layer high frequency signal and low frequency signal. thus, δ wave, θ wave, α wave, β wave are obtained by the wavelet transform. And then, frequency band energy of the different wave is regards as the feature signal of EEG. In the experiment, The feature signal is classified by radial basic function (RBF) and annealed chaotic competitive learning network (ACCLN). RBF and ACCLN networks are trained with 500 sets of sample data and tested by 100 sets of samples in different states. The experimental results show that the accuracy of RBF network under three conditions are 88.75%, 88.25%, 88.5%, respectively, and the correct rate of ACCLN network is 97%, 98%, 98%, respectively. The results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Fast segmentation, conversion and rendering of volumetric data using GPU

In this paper we present a proof-of-concept implementation of fast volumetric data segmentation, conversion to polygonal mesh geometry and rendering. All parts of the method are implemented on the graphical processing unit, which allows high degree of parallelization. Implementations of presented algorithms are done in the OpenCL framework and are integrated in blood vessel visualisation software Neck Veins. This paper presents where and to what degree parts of method can be parallelized. In results we also show to what degree we can speed-up the implementation by using parallel computing power of the graphical processing units.
An asymmetric spiral-shaped DGS optimized by genetic algorithm for wideband common-mode suppression

In this paper, we present a novel wideband common-mode suppression filter for high-speed differential signals using asymmetric spiral-shaped defected ground structure (DGS). It is optimized by using genetic algorithm (GA) to achieve a wide stopband. With the proposed method, a single asymmetric DGS, which is one of the most common structures, can provide over 10dB suppression of common-mode noise with a small differential insertion loss in a frequency range from 3.1 to 10.6GHz, covering the operating frequency band of the ultra-wideband (UWB) radio system. Our design fully shows the advantage of simplification when employing GA on DGS-based common-mode filter (CMF).
Parameter estimation of PMSM using adaptive backstepping technique

Estimation of unknown parameters in non-linear systems is a very crucial part in the adaptive control. In this paper an adaptive backstepping procedure is discussed for the estimation of parameters of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor drive(PMSM) viz. variation of d-q axis inductances and load torque. Also, a non-linear control scheme using adaptive backstepping technique for speed control of PMSM drive is presented. Stability of the system is ensured by Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation of speed controlled PMSM drive along with the control technique is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink software. The system is simulated for different operating conditions like variation in load and reference speed.
Street-to-shop: Cross-scenario clothing retrieval via parts alignment and auxiliary set

In this paper, we address a practical problem of cross-scenario clothing retrieval - given a daily human photo captured in general environment, e.g., on street, finding similar clothing in online shops, where the photos are captured more professionally and with clean background. There are large discrepancies between daily photo scenario and online shopping scenario. We first propose to alleviate the human pose discrepancy by locating 30 human parts detected by a well trained human detector. Then, founded on part features, we propose a two-step calculation to obtain more reliable one-to-many similarities between the query daily photo and online shopping photos: 1) the within-scenario one-to-many similarities between a query daily photo and the auxiliary set are derived by direct sparse reconstruction; and 2) by a cross-scenario many-to-many similarity transfer matrix inferred offline from an extra auxiliary set and the online shopping set, the reliable cross-scenario one-to-many similarities between the query daily photo and all online shopping photos are obtained. We collect a large online shopping dataset and a daily photo dataset, both of which are thoroughly labeled with 15 clothing attributes via Mechanic Turk. The extensive experimental evaluations on the collected datasets well demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for cross-scenario clothing retrieval.
Effects Of Interaction On Students’ Perceived Learning Satisfaction In University Online Education: An Empirical Investigation

This study examined the antecedents and outcomes of interaction in asynchronous online learning courses. The research model was tested by using a Partial Least Squares analysis on the survey data. A total of 397 valid unduplicated responses from students who have completed at least one online course at a university in the Midwest were used to examine the structural model. All hypotheses except one in this study were supported. We found that all three factors course structure, self-motivation, and learning styles influenced students’ interaction with the instructor and classmates. Further, there is a positive relationship between interaction and students’ satisfaction. This is in accordance with the findings of the extant literature on student satisfaction we have discussed. The structural model results also reveal that user satisfaction is a significant predictor of learning outcomes, but the model failed to support the relationship between interaction and the learning outcomes of e-learning classes in relation to face-to-face classes.
Low-Cost Optical Flowmeter With Analog Front-End Electronics for Blood Extracorporeal Circulators

The design and realization of a new low-cost instrument for real-time measurement of blood flow particularly developed for extracorporeal blood circulator systems are presented. A self-mixing interferometric technique combined with a dedicated analog signal processing system was adopted to perform an accurate flow measurement. The developed system exhibits an accuracy lower than 3%. The cost of the entire measuring system has been estimated to be about 50 euros.
On intrinsic information

This paper introduces the public Eve scenario and shows that the secret key rate in this scenario is bounded by the intrinsic information. This elucidates previous results and gives new insights in the gap between formation and extraction of secret information. Intrinsic information, in its function as an upper bound on the secret key rate, is generalized to secret key agreement from arbitrary tripartite quantum states.
The Activation of P2X7 Receptor Impairs Lysosomal Functions and Stimulates the Release of Autophagolysosomes in Microglial Cells1

Recently, autophagy has been associated with the TLR signaling pathway to eliminate intracellular pathogens in the innate immune system. However, it is unknown if other pathways regulate autophagy during the immunologic response. Given the critical role of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) pathway during various immunologic functions (i.e., caspase activation and IL-1β secretion), the principal objective here was to determine whether the P2X7R pathway may regulate autophagy in immune cells. We observed in both MG6 mouse microglial cells and primary microglia that activation of P2X7R by ATP increases the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II, the autophagosomal membrane-associated form of LC3, in an extracellular Ca2+-dependent manner. Consistent with this, immunohistochemistry showed extensive formation of LC3-immunopositive dots, and electron microscopy demonstrated accumulation of autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes in ATP-treated cells. Importantly, the up-regulation of LC3-II by P2X7R activation was not affected by autophagy inhibitors, such as 3-methyladenine and PI3K inhibitors. Furthermore, while lysosomal functions were impaired by ATP treatment, autophagolysosomal components were released into the extracellular space. Similarly, a phagocytosis assay using Escherichia coli BioParticles showed that phagosome maturation was impaired in ATP-treated cells and a robust release of LC3-immunopositive phagolysosomes was induced along with a radial extension of microtubule bundles. Taken together, the data suggest a novel mechanism whereby the P2X7R signaling pathway may negatively regulate autophagic flux through the impairment of lysosomal functions, leading to stimulation of a release of autophagolysosomes/phagolysosomes into the extracellular space.
Dynamics of Wireless Sensor Networks

Power-Law topology has been proved to be an effective technique to improve fault tolerance. With the motivation of construct reliable topology for wireless sensor networks, a Power-Law Evolving Model (PLEW) of wireless sensor networks by stochastic placement is proposed in this article. In a dynamic evolving process of Wireless Sensor Networks, there are four types of events as follows: adding new nodes, nodes failure, adding new links, and links failure. The dynamics of nodes and links are integrated into the evolving model consequently. By using the continuum theory, the theoretical computing and simulated results show that the degree distribution of this model follows a power law. The scale-free properties revealed in this model can be applied into the scenarios required high dependability, such as national defense or survivability systems.
Multi-channel intramuscular and surface EMG decomposition by convolutive blind source separation

Objective. The study of motor unit behavior has been classically performed by selective recording systems of muscle electrical activity (EMG signals) and decomposition algorithms able to discriminate between individual motor unit action potentials from multi-unit signals. In this study, we provide a general framework for the decomposition of multi-channel intramuscular and surface EMG signals and we extensively validate this approach with experimental recordings. Approach. First, we describe the conditions under which the assumptions of the convolutive blind separation model are satisfied. Second, we propose an approach of convolutive sphering of the observations followed by an iterative extraction of the sources. This approach is then validated using intramuscular signals recorded by novel multi-channel thin-film electrodes on the Abductor Digiti Minimi of the hand and Tibilias Anterior muscles, as well as on high-density surface EMG signals recorded by electrode grids on the First Dorsal Interosseous muscle. The validation was based on the comparison with the gold standard of manual decomposition (for intramuscular recordings) and on the two-source method (for comparison of intramuscular and surface EMG recordings) for the three human muscles and contraction forces of up to 90% MVC. Main results. The average number of common sources identified for the validation was 14 ± 7 (averaged across all trials and subjects and all comparisons), with a rate of agreement in their discharge timings of 92.8 ± 3.2%. The average Decomposability Index, calculated on the automatic decomposed signals, was 16.0 ± 2.2 (7.3–44.1). For comparison, the same index calculated on the manual decomposed signals was 15.0 ± 3.0 (6.3–76.6). Significance. These results show that the method provides a solid framework for the decomposition of multi-channel invasive and non-invasive EMG signals that allows the study of the behavior of a large number of concurrently active motor units.
Immunotoxicological Study of One of the Most Common Over-The-Counter Pyrethroid Insecticide Products in Egypt

A commonly available aerosolized pyrethroid insecticide containing deltamethrin and imiprothrin is widely used for hygienic control in Egypt. The immunotoxic effects after inhalation exposures to the preparation of each for 2, 10, and 30 days were investigated in rats. For each exposure, the insecticide (containing 0.2% imiprothrin and 2.5% deltamethrin) was sprayed in all directions in a room (using a special attachment located in the ceiling in the center of the room) for 30 s each minute for 15 min; the room was then kept closed for 15 min. After each spray interval, the rats were introduced for 30 min and then removed to a clean room. The exposure process was repeated a total of three times on each day of the respective regimens. The interval between the 15-min spray/15-min pause/30-min rat exposure cycles was 120 min. Twenty-four hours after the final exposure in each particular regimen, the cohort rats in the regimen (air and exposed) were weighed, sacrificed, and their tissues were removed for analyses. Immunological tests performed included assessments of potential changes in immunopathology (determined from body and splenic weights), humoral-mediated immunity (based on plaque-forming activity of spleen cells), cell-mediated immunity (determined from splenic lymphocyte responsiveness to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin and immune cell (sub)type profile analyses), and nonspecific immunity (based on phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages). The results indicated that of all the endpoints examined, among the rats exposed over a 2-day period to the imiprothrin- and deltamethrin-containing insecticide aerosol, the only significant change noted (relative to values from time-matched controls) was in the levels of splenic CD4+CD8− and CD4+ CD8+ cells. In contrast, exposures on each day of a 10-day period led to significant decreases in several endpoints; exceptions to this were values for body and spleen weight (unaffected), splenic OX12−OX19+ levels (significant increase), and CD4+CD8− levels (unaffected, relative to control). Rats exposed for 30 days displayed significant decreases in each test applied, except for increases in both splenic OX12−OX19+ and CD4+CD8− cell levels relative to corresponding control rat values. The present study findings indicate that repeated noncontinuous inhalation of a commonly utilized insecticide that contains imiprothrin and deltamethrin can cause a variety of immunotoxic effects in sites distal to the lungs.
Clinical Risk Factors and CT Imaging Features of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques as Predictors of New Incident Carotid Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective Cohort Study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Parameters other than luminal narrowing are needed to predict the risk of stroke more reliably, particularly in patients with <70% stenosis. The goal of our study was to identify clinical risk factors and CT features of carotid atherosclerotic plaques, in a retrospective cohort of patients free of stroke at baseline, that are independent predictors of incident stroke on follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified a retrospective cohort of patients admitted to our emergency department with suspected stroke between 2001–2007 who underwent a stroke work-up including a CTA of the carotid arteries that was subsequently negative for acute stroke. All patients also had to receive a follow-up brain study at least 2 weeks later. From a random sample, we reviewed charts and imaging studies of patients with subsequent new stroke on follow-up as well as those who remained stroke-free. All patients were classified either as “new carotid infarct patients” or “no-new carotid infarct patients” based on the Causative Classification for Stroke. Independently, the baseline CTA studies were processed using a custom, CT-based automated computer classifier algorithm that quantitatively assesses a set of carotid CT features (wall thickness, plaque ulcerations, fibrous cap thickness, lipid-rich necrotic core, and calcifications). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify any significant differences in CT features between the patient groups in the sample. Subsequent ROC analysis allowed comparison to the classic NASCET stenosis rule in identifying patients with incident stroke on follow-up. RESULTS: We identified a total of 315 patients without a new carotid stroke between baseline and follow-up, and 14 with a new carotid stroke between baseline and follow-up, creating the main comparison groups for the study. Statistical analysis showed age and use of antihypertensive drugs to be the most significant clinical variables, and maximal carotid wall thickness was the most relevant imaging variable. The use of age ≥75 years, antihypertensive medication use, and a maximal carotid wall thickness of at least 4 mm was able to successfully identify 10 of the 14 patients who developed a new incident infarct on follow-up. ROC analysis showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.706 for prediction of new stroke with this new model. CONCLUSIONS: Our new paradigm of using age ≥75 years, history of hypertension, and carotid maximal wall thickness of >4 mm identified most of the patients with subsequent new carotid stroke in our study. It is simple and may help clinicians choose the patients at greatest risk of developing a carotid infarct, warranting validation with a prospective observational study.
Evolution of a Species' Range

Gene flow from the center of a species' range can stymie adaptation at the periphery and prevent the range from expanding outward. We study this process using simple models that track both demography and the evolution of a quantitative trait in a population that is continuously distributed in space. Stabilizing selection acts on the trait and favors an optimum phenotype that changes linearly across the habitat. One of three outcomes is possible: the species will become extinct, expand to fill all of the available habitat, or be confined to a limited range in which it is sufficiently adapted to allow population growth. When the environment changes rapidly in space, increased migration inhibits local adaptation and so decreases the species' total population size. Gene flow can cause enough maladaptation that the peripheral half of a species' range acts as a demographic sink. The trait's genetic variance has little effect on species persistence or the size of the range when gene flow is sufficiently strong to keep population densities far below the carrying capacity throughout the range, but it can increase the range width and population size of an abundant species. Under some conditions, a small parameter change can dramatically shift the balance between gene flow and local adaptation, allowing a species with a limited range to suddenly expand to fill all the available habitat.
An Adaptive Newton-Picard Algorithm with Subspace Iteration for Computing Periodic Solutions

This paper is concerned with the efficient computation of periodic orbits in large-scale dynamical systems that arise after spatial discretization of partial differential equations (PDEs). A hybrid Newton--Picard scheme based on the shooting method is derived, which in its simplest form is the recursive projection method (RPM) of Shroff and Keller [SIAM J. Numer. Anal. , 30 (1993), pp. 1099--1120] and is used to compute and determine the stability of both stable and unstable periodic orbits. The number of time integrations needed to obtain a solution is shown to be determined only by the system's dynamics. This contrasts with traditional approaches based on Newton's method, for which the number of time integrations grows with the order of the spatial discretization. Two test examples are given to show the performance of the methods and to illustrate various theoretical points.
Randomized clinical trial of atenolol in patients with alcohol withdrawal.

We conducted a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of atenolol as compared with placebo in the treatment of patients hospitalized with the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. In addition to receiving customary therapy, 61 patients were randomly assigned to receive atenolol, and 59 to receive placebo. Outcome was assessed daily by the measurement of nine features in three categories: vital signs, clinical signs (e.g., tremor), and behavioral signs (e.g., agitation and anxiety). Compared with placebo patients, atenolol patients had a significant reduction in the mean length of hospital stay (four as compared with five days, P less than 0.02). On each treatment day, significantly fewer patients receiving atenolol required concomitant benzodiazepines, and patients receiving placebo required a significantly higher mean daily dose of benzodiazepines. Among patients who had withdrawal symptoms at base line, vital signs became normal more rapidly in the patients receiving atenolol, and their abnormal behavior and clinical characteristics also resolved more rapidly. We conclude that atenolol is helpful in the treatment of patients with the alcohol withdrawal syndrome.