Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EEG Activity During Movement Planning Encodes Upcoming Peak Speed and Acceleration and Improves the Accuracy in Predicting Hand Kinematics

The relationship between movement kinematics and human brain activity is an important and fundamental question for the development of neural prosthesis. The peak velocity and the peak acceleration could best reflect the feedforward-type movement; thus, it is worthwhile to investigate them further. Most related studies focused on the correlation between kinematics and brain activity during the movement execution or imagery. However, human movement is the result of the motor planning phase as well as the execution phase and researchers have demonstrated that statistical correlations exist between EEG activity during the motor planning and the peak velocity and the peak acceleration using grand-average analysis. In this paper, we examined whether the correlations were concealed in trial-to-trial decoding from the low signal-to-noise ratio of EEG activity. The alpha and beta powers from the movement planning phase were combined with the alpha and beta powers from the movement execution phase to predict the peak tangential speed and acceleration. The results showed that EEG activity from the motor planning phase could also predict the peak speed and the peak acceleration with a reasonable accuracy. Furthermore, the decoding accuracy of the peak speed and the peak acceleration could both be improved by combining band powers from the motor planning phase with the band powers from the movement execution.
The continuity of monadic stream functions

Brouwer's continuity principle states that all functions from infinite sequences of naturals to naturals are continuous, that is, for every sequence the result depends only on a finite initial segment. It is an intuitionistic axiom that is incompatible with classical mathematics. Recently Martín Escardó proved that it is also inconsistent in type theory.
Improved Strategies for OBB Fitting and Overlap Test for OBB

The OBB (oriented bounding box) are limited in application for the great computation load, especially deformable soft object for its complex computation. An improved OBB fitting method and OBB overlap test method are presented in this paper. The improve OBB fitting strategy based on approximate convex hull algorithm not only reduce the time of building OBB greatly but also improved the OBB tightness. By pre-judgement with simple measure method, the time cost for OBB interference detection is decreased. To test the efficiency of improve algorithm, a skull model with 2140362 triangles. To test the robust usability, the algorithm is implemented on a platform for simulating tumor growth in vascular environment.
The Way Forward for Unifying Dynamic Test Case Generation: The Optimisation-based Approach

One of the major costs in a software project is the construction of test-data. This paper outlines a generalised test-case data generation framework based on optimisation techniques. The framework can incorporate a number of testing criteria, for both functional and non-functional properties. Application of the optimisation framework to testing specification failures and exception conditions is illustrated. The results of a number of small case studies are presented and show the efficiency and effectiveness of this dynamic optimisation-base approach to generating test-data.
Fast Summed‐Area Table Generation and its Applications

We introduce a technique to rapidly generate summed-area tables using graphics hardware. Summed area tables, originally introduced by Crow, provide a way to filter arbitrarily large rectangular regions of an image in a constant amount of time. Our algorithm for generating summed-area tables, similar to a technique used in scientific computing called recursive doubling, allows the generation of a summed-area table in O(log n) time. We also describe a technique to mitigate the precision requirements of summed-area tables. The ability to calculate and use summed-area tables at interactive rates enables numerous interesting rendering effects. We present several possible applications. First, the use of summed-area tables allows real-time rendering of interactive, glossy environmental reflections. Second, we present glossy planar reflections with varying blurriness dependent on a reflected object’s distance to the reflector. Third, we show a technique that uses a summed-area table to render glossy transparent objects. The final application demonstrates an interactive depth-of-field effect using summedarea tables.
Globally Governed Session Semantics

This paper proposes a new bisimulation theory based on multiparty session types where a choreography specification governs the behaviour of session typed processes and their observer. The bisimulation is defined with the observer cooperating with the observed process in order to form complete global session scenarios and usable for proving correctness of optimisations for globally coordinating threads and processes. The induced bisimulation is strictly more fine-grained than the standard session bisimulation. The difference between the governed and standard bisimulations only appears when more than two interleaved multiparty sessions exist. The compositionality of the governed bisimilarity is proved through the soundness and completeness with respect to the governed reduction-based congruence.
Robust Face Detection Using a Modified Radial Basis Function Network

SUMMARY Face detection from cluttered images is very challenging due to the wide variety of faces and the complexity of image backgrounds. In this paper, we propose a neural network based approach for locating frontal views of human faces in cluttered images. We use a radial basis function network (RBFN) for separation of face and non-face patterns, and the complexity of RBFN is reduced by principal component analysis (PCA). The influence of the number of hidden units and the configuration of basis functions on the detection performance was investigated. To further improve the performance, we integrate the distance from feature subspace into the RBFN. The proposed method has achieved high detection rate and low false positive rate on testing
Neuroanatomical differences in toddler boys with fragile x syndrome and idiopathic autism.

CONTEXT Autism is an etiologically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder for which there is no known unifying etiology or pathogenesis. Many conditions of atypical development can lead to autism, including fragile X syndrome (FXS), which is presently the most common known single-gene cause of autism. OBJECTIVE To examine whole-brain morphometric patterns that discriminate young boys with FXS from those with idiopathic autism (iAUT) as well as control participants. DESIGN Cross-sectional, in vivo neuroimaging study. SETTING Academic medical centers. PATIENTS Young boys (n = 165; aged 1.57-4.15 years) diagnosed as having FXS or iAUT as well as typically developing and idiopathic developmentally delayed controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Univariate voxel-based morphometric analyses, voxel-based morphometric multivariate pattern classification (linear support vector machine), and clustering analyses (self-organizing map). RESULTS We found that frontal and temporal gray and white matter regions often implicated in social cognition, including the medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, superior temporal region, temporal pole, amygdala, insula, and dorsal cingulum, were aberrant in FXS and iAUT as compared with controls. However, these differences were in opposite directions for FXS and iAUT relative to controls; in general, greater volume was seen in iAUT compared with controls, who in turn had greater volume than FXS. Multivariate analysis showed that the overall pattern of brain structure in iAUT generally resembled that of the controls more than FXS, both with and without AUT. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that FXS and iAUT are associated with distinct neuroanatomical patterns, further underscoring the neurobiological heterogeneity of iAUT.
Handwritten Character Classification Using Nearest Neighbor in Large Databases

Shows that systems built on a simple statistical technique and a large training database can be automatically optimized to produce classification accuracies of 99% in the domain of handwritten digits. It is also shown that the performance of these systems scale consistently with the size of the training database, where the error rate is cut by more than half for every tenfold increase in the size of the training set from 10 to 100,000 examples. Three distance metrics for the standard nearest neighbor classification system are investigated: a simple Hamming distance metric, a pixel distance metric, and a metric based on the extraction of penstroke features. Systems employing these metrics were trained and tested on a standard, publicly available, database of nearly 225,000 digits provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Additionally, a confidence metric is both introduced by the authors and also discovered and optimized by the system. The new confidence measure proves to be superior to the commonly used nearest neighbor distance. >
Of Means and Ends: Religion and the Search for Significance

This article attempts to depolarize the concepts of means and ends in the psychology of religion. It is argued that everyone uses his or her religion. However, religion can be used in constructive as well as destructive ways. The critical question is not whether religion is lived or used, as Allport suggested, but how religion is used and to what ends. Thinking about religion as means and ends rather than means or ends offers a framework for organizing the richly diverse forms and functions of religious life, spiritual as well as nonspiritual. It provides a way to conceptualize and study the widely used but poorly defined notion of religious orientation. It also offers a way to evaluate the efficacy of religion in living.
Analysis of CT Images of Liver for Surgical Planning

We developed a Computer Assisted Surgery system which prepared a virtual environment for a physician to interact with the liver and decide on the therapy planning. It was composed of three modules: liver segmentation, vessel extraction, and simulator. We proposed a semi-automatic method to segment the liver. Hepatic veins, portal veins, and he- patic arteries were extracted from multi-phase CT datasets. The simulator visualized the segmented objects and provided for a physician a virtual scalpel to cut the liver. Initially, a transparent view of the liver was shown to the physician that revealed the location of the vascular structures. During the surgery, a toggling option made it possible to switch between a transparent and an opaque view. The width, height, and depth of the cut could be changed by user interaction. The proposed system is a framework which can later be extended to a complete system for analysis of hepatic diseases and therapy planning.
Qualitative research on homosexual and bisexual behavior relevant to HIV/AIDS

The spread of the international AIDS pandemic has drawn attention to the urgent need for data on human sexual behavior; yet the lack of an established tradition of theory and method in sex research has limited the development of research initiatives in this area. This has been particularly true in the study of homosexual and bisexual behavior, which has relied heavily on the use of quantitative survey methods that largely fail to address cross‐cultural differences in the structure and meaning of same‐sex sexual experience. More qualitative approaches offer the possibility of investigating homosexual and bisexual behavior within a broader social and cultural context and can therefore play an important role in developing a framework for the comparative analysis of behavioral data. This article seeks to contribute to the development of theory and method in sex research by outlining key research issues and possible methodologies for the qualitative investigation of homosexual and bisexual behavior in relation.
Differences in p53 and Bcl-2 expression in relation to cell proliferation during the development of human embryos.

AIMS: To study the patterns of p53 and Bcl-2 expression in relation to cell proliferation during human embryogenesis in order to help elucidate their potential roles in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis during morphogenesis. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for p53, Bcl-2, and proliferating cell nuclear cell antigen (PCNA) proteins was performed, using a variety of monoclonal antibodies, on paraffin was embedded sections of tissues from 68 human embryos and fetuses of between 4 and 30 weeks gestation. RESULTS: Positive relations between sites of proliferative activity (as detected by PCNA expression) and p53 expression were found in the kidney, early developmental stages of intestine and lungs, liver, pancreas, heart, and in embryonic osteoblasts. On the other hand, positive relations between proliferative activity and Bcl-2 expression were found in the gonads, adrenal glands, in the cells of the dental lamina, hair follicles, syncytiotrophoblast, chondrocytes, and more advanced stages of intestinal development. In tissues of the central nervous system, p53 and Bcl-2 were co-expressed at the same sites but there was an inverse relation between p53/Bcl-2 expression and proliferative activity. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that p53 and Bcl-2 have tissue specific and stage specific functions during embryogenesis.
A CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON BETWEEN AMERICANS AND CHINESE IN THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARDS INFORMATION ETHICS

The purpose of this study is twofold: first to explore cross-cultural differences between American and Chinese business students with respect to their attitudes towards information ethics; and second to investigate the association between their ethical evaluations of the target act and their morality judgments of the target actor in the questionable information-handling issues. Using a sample of 105 American business students and 98 Chinese business students, this study found that the Chinese students tended to be more ethical in the questionable privacy and access issues, whereas their American counterparts were more likely to be ethical in the questionable property issue. In addition, the female students, regardless of their culture backgrounds, were more ethical than the male students. The results further revealed that the students' ethical evaluations of the target act were significantly related to their morality judgments of the target actor. Implications for practitioners, educators, and researchers are discussed.
Answer Formats in British Census and Survey Ethnicity Questions: Does Open Response Better Capture ‘Superdiversity’?

During a period of unprecedented ethnicity data collection in Britain, an almost universal characteristic of this practice has been the mandated use of the decennial census ethnicity classifications. In Canada and the USA a greater plurality of methods has included open response, now recommended for the 2020 US Census. As the ethnic diversity of Britain has increased, driven by immigration dynamics and population mixing leading to ‘superdiversity’, the census is no longer able to capture the new populations. The validity and utility of unprompted open response is examined in several ‘mixed race’ datasets. It is argued that open response can be a modus operandi for large-scale ethnicity data collection and that the lack of consistency in recording of such responses need not necessarily be viewed as a drawback. Open response offers substantial insights into the country’s superdiversity in a way that ethnicity categorization alone cannot.
Framing the Social World With Photo-Elicitation Interviews

This article discusses the photo-elicitation interview (PEI), a qualitative methodology, by addressing its fundamentals, providing examples of how to use it, and arguing its benefits and potential challenges. In PEIs, researchers introduce photographs into the interview context. The photographs used in PEIs can originate from the interviewee or the researcher. Researchers can use photographs as a tool to expand on questions and simultaneously, participants can use photographs to provide a unique way to communicate dimensions of their lives. Featured, in detail, are school ethnography and inner-city childhood studies that used PEIs.
Comic2CEBX: A system for automatic comic content adaptation

Comics are popular almost throughout the world. With the help of comic document digitization, it is much easier for people to archive and browse comic works. However, there are still some big challenges along with comic document digitization progress. Among these challenges, comic content adaptation is an important one to be tackled. The existing works only focus on parts of this problem and do not provide a tangible solution to display comic contents on different devices. In this paper, we solve these problems by proposing Comic2CEBX, a system which can automatically convert a set of scanned comic page images into a CEBX file that allows reflowing of the original comic pages with fixed layouts. Taking raw comic images as inputs, our system first extracts three kinds of low-level visual patterns and then uses multilayer Conditional Random Fields to detect all the panels. Meanwhile, our system automatically identifies the reading orders of the panels within each page. Finally, we encapsulate the comic page images and the obtained page structure information (i.e., the panels detection results and the corresponding reading orders) to generate a CEBX file. Experimental results show that our comic page layout analysis method achieves better performance than the existing ones, and use case presentation of the CEBX files produced by our system demonstrates that it brings better comic reading experience especially on mobile devices.
Fuzzy Integrative Performance Evaluation for Strategic Supplier under Supply Chain Management

Firstly, a classifying model of supplier is proposed. Then the performance evaluation index system is originally constructed based on the dynamic model of supplier.Secondly, the Logarithm Triangular Fuzzy Number- AHP method is creatively used to study the strategic supplier performance evaluation index system. It is found that this method is a scientific qualitative and quantitative evaluating strategy overcoming the deadly disadvantages. Finally, one case is used to explain fairness and rationality of Logarithm Triangular Fuzzy Number- AHP method used in the strategic supplier performance evaluation system.
Gender estimation based on physiological features of the face

In this paper, we present a gender estimation technique that will determine whether a person looking at the camera is a male or female. Several facial features extracted from a face are passed to post-image-processing operations before they are sent to a rule-base classifier. We applied our technique to both static passport-like photos as well as several video sequences consisting of a single face each. Our database also contains images of females wearing headscarf as well as bald men. Our initial results showed a very promising outcome. For static face images, we obtained an accuracy of 100% correct gender estimation for females and 98% for males while for video sequences, the accuracy obtained was 87.5% for females and 70% for males.
Accumulation of Caveolin in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Redirects the Protein to Lipid Storage Droplets

Caveolin-1 is normally localized in plasma membrane caveolae and the Golgi apparatus in mammalian cells. We found three treatments that redirected the protein to lipid storage droplets, identified by staining with the lipophilic dye Nile red and the marker protein ADRP. Caveolin-1 was targeted to the droplets when linked to the ER-retrieval sequence, KKSL, generating Cav–KKSL. Cav–ΔN2, an internal deletion mutant, also accumulated in the droplets, as well as in a Golgi-like structure. Third, incubation of cells with brefeldin A caused caveolin-1 to accumulate in the droplets. This localization persisted after drug washout, showing that caveolin-1 was transported out of the droplets slowly or not at all. Some overexpressed caveolin-2 was also present in lipid droplets. Experimental reduction of cellular cholesteryl ester by 80% did not prevent targeting of Cav–KKSL to the droplets. Cav–KKSL expression did not grossly alter cellular triacylglyceride or cholesteryl levels, although droplet morphology was affected in some cells. These data suggest that accumulation of caveolin-1 to unusually high levels in the ER causes targeting to lipid droplets, and that mechanisms must exist to ensure the rapid exit of newly synthesized caveolin-1 from the ER to avoid this fate.
A novel p.R890C mutation in EPHA2 gene associated with progressive childhood posterior cataract in a Chinese family.

AIM To identify the genetic defect in a Chinese family with bilateral progressive childhood posterior cataract. METHODS A two-generation family was recruited in this study. Family history and clinical data were recorded. All reported candidate genes associated with congenital posterior cataract were screened by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS All affected individuals presented posterior opacities in the lens. Direct sequencing of the candidate genes showed a heterozygous c. 2668C>T variation in EPHA2 gene, which resulted in the replacement of arginine by cysteine at codon 890 (p. R890C). This mutation was found in two affected individuals, but was not observed in 200 normal controls. CONCLUSION We report a novel mutation (p. R890C) in the EPHA2 receptor tyrosine kinase gene. The finding expands the mutation spectrum of EPHA2 in association with posterior cataract.
Delayed experience of volition in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric movement disorder characterised by the presence of multiple tics. Tics have an unusual, intermediate status between voluntary and involuntary movements. This ambiguity might involve not just a disorder of movement generation but also an abnormality of voluntary experience. Here the experience of voluntary movements in adult patients with TS is investigated and compared with healthy controls. A group of adult TS patients and age matched control participants estimated the time of conscious intention to perform a simple keypress movement and movement onset. Patients with TS showed a delayed experience of intention relative to controls whereas estimates of the actual movement onset were similar for patients and controls. These data suggest an abnormal experience of volition in patients with TS. Delayed volition could either be an additional intrinsic feature of the syndrome or it could reflect a cognitive strategy to limit motor excitability, and thus tic generation, during voluntary action.