Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Syntactic Analysis in Textual Case Retrieval

In this paper, we argue that syntactic analysis is most likely to improve retrieval accuracy in textual case-based reasoning when the task of the system is well-defined and the relationship between queries and cases is specified in terms of this task. We illustrate this claim with an implemented system for syntax-based answer-indexed retrieval, RealDialog.
Transposed-letter priming effect in Hebrew in the same–different task

We investigated the interaction between morphological structure and transposed-letter priming using the same–different task with Hebrew, a Semitic language in which morphology has been shown to play a key role in visual word recognition. In contrast to the results observed with lexical decision (e.g., Velan & Frost, 2009, 2011), a transposed-letter priming effect was observed irrespective of the morphological structure of the words. We take these results to suggest that morphological decomposition occurs only in the service of lexical access. We discuss further a unique feature of written Arabic, another Semitic language, to explain the apparent conflict between our findings and those reported by Perea, Abu Mallouh, García-Orza, and Carreiras (2010).
A Naturalistic Model for Curriculum Development

This paper presents a model of curriculum development as it is practiced in modern curriculum projects. It is a naturalistic model in the sense that it was constructed to represent phenomena and relations observed in actual curriculum projects as faithfully as possible with a few terms and principles.1 The field of curriculum already can boast an outstandingly successful model of curriculum development based on the work of a generation of curriculum theorists from Franklin Bobbitt to Ralph W. Tyler. The formal elements of that model-the classical model-are the objective and the learning experience. Its logical operations are determining objectives, stating them in proper form, devising learning experiences, selecting and organizing learning experiences to attain given outcomes, and evaluating the outcomes of those experiences. This model has undergone fifty years of continuous development and use. It has facilitated the systematic study of education, and it has served as the basis for a respectable and growing educational technology. For all its successes, however, this classical model seems not to have represented very well the most characteristic features of traditional educational practice.2 In most cases when teachers or subject matter specialists work at curriculum development, the objectives they formulate are either a diversion
Cationic vesicles from novel bolaamphiphilic compounds

Effective targeted drug delivery by cationic liposomes is difficult to achieve because of their rapid clearance from the blood circulation. Bolaamphiphiles that form monolayer membrane may provide vesicles with improved stability, as shown for archaeosomes. We investigated a series of bolaamphiphiles with acetylcholine head groups and systematic structural changes in their hydrophobic domain for their ability to form stable nanovesicles. Bolaamphiphiles with two aliphatic chains separated by a short amide midsection produced spherical nanovesicles ranging in diameter from 80 to 120 nm. These vesicles lost their encapsulated material within 24 hours of incubation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Similar bolaamphiphiles with a longer midsection produced a mixture of fibers and more stable nanovesicles. Bolaamphiphiles with ester amide midsection produced only spherical nanovesicles that were stable during incubation in PBS for several days. Vesicles made from bolaamphiphiles with acetylcholine head groups conjugated to the aliphatic chain via the amine were less stable than vesicles made from bolaamphiphiles with head groups conjugated to the aliphatic chain via the acetyl group. Vesicles that were stable in vitro showed good stability in the blood circulation after intravenous administration to mice. These results help in elucidating the bolaamphiphile structures needed to form stable cationic vesicles for targeted drug delivery.
Epidemiologic and Physiologic Approaches to Understanding the Etiology of Pediatric Obesity: Finding the Needle in the Haystack

Recent increases in the prevalence of childhood obesity have created an urgent need for preventive strategies, but such strategies in turn depend on an improved understanding of the etiology of pediatric obesity. There is a dearth of evidence of the cause of pediatric obesity at present, with much of the literature of limited quality, inconclusive, and contradictory. The present review highlights the paradox of energy imbalance—its apparent simplicity but actual complexity—and the difficulties in etiologic research that arise from this complexity. The review identifies a number of emerging problems for etiologic studies. The review also makes a number of proposals that might improve future etiologic studies and provides a framework for integrating the diverse body of evidence of etiology that will become available in future. Gathering improved evidence of etiology, and then integrating and interpreting it, will take many years. In the meantime, an emphasis on developing more effective preventive interventions is necessary.
Higher-order sliding modes, differentiation and output-feedback control

Being a motion on a discontinuity set of a dynamic system, sliding mode is used to keep accurately a given constraint and features theoretically-infinite-frequency switching. Standard sliding modes provide for finite-time convergence, precise keeping of the constraint and robustness with respect to internal and external disturbances. Yet the relative degree of the constraint has to be 1 and a dangerous chattering effect is possible. Higher-order sliding modes preserve or generalize the main properties of the standard sliding mode and remove the above restrictions. r-Sliding mode realization provides for up to the rth order of sliding precision with respect to the sampling interval compared with the first order of the standard sliding mode. Such controllers require higher-order real-time derivatives of the outputs to be available. The lacking information is achieved by means of proposed arbitrary-order robust exact differentiators with finite-time convergence. These differentiators feature optimal asymptotics with respect to input noises and can be used for numerical differentiation as well. The resulting controllers provide for the full output-feedback real-time control of any output variable of an uncertain dynamic system, if its relative degree is known and constant. The theoretical results are confirmed by computer simulation.
Evaluating the Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes of Incarcerated Adolescent Females Receiving Substance Abuse Treatment: A Pilot Study

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral approach in changing the behavioral and cognitive skills of incarcerated girls participating in a substance abuse treatment program. A repeated measures design was used. The findings of this study revealed that the behaviors (i.e., self-monitoring, self-control, etc.) and cognitive skills (i.e., cognitive concentration, consequential thinking, etc.) of participants improved significantly. Research and practice implications are discussed.
Recurrent deletions of the TNFSF7 and TNFSF9 genes in 19p13.3 in diffuse large B‐cell and Burkitt lymphomas

A single nucleotide polymorphism‐chip analysis of 98 cases of aggressive B‐cell lymphomas revealed a recurrent deletion at 19p13 in nine of the cases. Six further cases with deletions encompassing this region were found in array‐comparative genomic hybridization data of 295 aggressive B‐cell lymphomas from a previous study. Three cases even showed a homozygous deletion, suggesting a tumor suppressor gene in the deleted region. Two genes encoding members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) were located in the minimally deleted region, that is, TNFSF7 and TNFSF9. As no mutations were found within the coding exons of the remaining alleles in the lymphomas with heterozygous deletions, we speculate that the deletions may mostly function through a haploinsufficiency mechanism. The cases with deletions encompassed both diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas and Burkitt lymphomas, and a deletion was also found in a Hodgkin lymphoma cell line. Thus, TNFSF7 and TNFSF9 deletions are recurrent genetic lesions in multiple types of human lymphomas.
Is Charisma Hyper‐Romanticism? Empirical Evidence from New Data and a Meta‐Analysis

In prior research, mixed results were obtained with respect to the relationship between Romance of Leadership and the perception of transformational leadership. In this paper, we first present new studies originating from different contexts (students and employees) and different countries and, second, we meta-analyse these studies together with prior studies in order to shed light on the relationship between Romance of Leadership and the perception of transformational leadership. In the meta-analysis, we considered the following moderators: field/employees vs. experimental/student samples, geographical region, and type of assessment of transformational leadership. The results indicate a positive relationship between Romance of Leadership and the perception of transformational leadership. Only the moderating effect of region of origin was significant. In line with social constructivism and information processing approaches of leadership, our results indicate that the perception of leadership comprises more than merely the actual behaviour the leader exhibits. Des resultats contradictoires ont ete obtenus dans le passe en ce qui concerne la relation entre la Romance du Leadership et la perception du leadership transformationnel. Dans cet article, nous presentons d’abord de nouvelles recherches portant sur des populations differentes (des etudiants ou des salaries) provenant de plusieurs pays, puis dans un second temps nous effectuons une meta-analyse regroupant ces travaux et des etudes anterieures afin d’y voir plus clair dans la relation entre la Romance du Leadership et la perception du leadership transformationnel. On a, dans la meta-analyse, pris en consideration les variables regulatrices suivantes: l’origine geographique des echantillons d’etudiants (travaux experimentaux) ou de salaries (enquetes sur le terrain) et le type d’evaluation du leadership transformationnel. Les resultats vont dans le sens d’une relation positive entre la Romance du Leadership et la perception du leadership transformationnel. Il n’y a que la region d’origine qui presente un effet regulateur significatif. Dans la continuite du constructivisme social et des travaux concevant le leadership comme un traitement de l’information, nos resultats indiquent que la perception du leadership depasse le comportement observable du leader.
VALIDITY GENERALIZATION RESULTS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT OCCUPATIONS

The Schmidt-Hunter interactive validity generalization procedure was applied to validity data for cognitive abilities tests for law enforcement occupations. Both assumed artifact distributions, and distributions of artifacts constructed from information contained in the current sample of studies were used to test the hypothesis of situational specificity and to estimate validity generalizability. Results for studies using a criterion of performance in training programs showed that validities ranged from . 41 to . 71, and for four test types the hypothesis of situational specificity could be rejected using the 75% decision rule. For the remaining test types, validity was generalizable, based on 90% credibility values ranging from . 37 to . 71. Results for studies using a criterion of performance on the job indicated that the hypothesis of situational specificity was not tenable for three test types, which had validities between . 17 and . 31. For the remaining test types, estimated mean true validities ranged from . 10 to . 26 and were generalizable to a majority of situations. Results for both groups of studies were essentially identical for the two types of artifact distribution. Possible reasons for the apparently lower validities and lesser generalizability for job performance criteria are discussed, including possible low validity of the criterion (due to lack of opportunity by supervisors to observe behavior) and the potential role of noncognitive factors in the determination of law enforcement job success. Suggestions for specifically targeted additional research are made.
A silicon-glass hybrid lens for simultaneous color-and-thermal imaging

We show that color and thermal images from the same viewpoint and of the same view angle can be taken using a silicon-glass hybrid lens that focuses visible and far-infrared (FIR) light. The lens was fabricated using silicon three-dimensional fabrication process. Color and thermal images were taken with the hybrid lens. The maximum and mean differences of the color and thermal image displacements were 0.42 mm and 0.26 mm, respectively. The maximum and mean values of the differences in angle were 2.0° and 1.2°, respectively.
Leiomodin Is an Actin Filament Nucleator in Muscle Cells

Initiation of actin polymerization in cells requires nucleation factors. Here we describe an actin-binding protein, leiomodin, that acted as a strong filament nucleator in muscle cells. Leiomodin shared two actin-binding sites with the filament pointed end–capping protein tropomodulin: a flexible N-terminal region and a leucine-rich repeat domain. Leiomodin also contained a C-terminal extension of 150 residues. The smallest fragment with strong nucleation activity included the leucine-rich repeat and C-terminal extension. The N-terminal region enhanced the nucleation activity threefold and recruited tropomyosin, which weakly stimulated nucleation and mediated localization of leiomodin to the middle of muscle sarcomeres. Knocking down leiomodin severely compromised sarcomere assembly in cultured muscle cells, which suggests a role for leiomodin in the nucleation of tropomyosin-decorated filaments in muscles.
The discourse of lending aid on small-scale development project websites: Dutch depreciatory diminutives

Abstract This article offers an analysis of the use of language on the websites of Dutch and Flemish small-scale development organisations active in The Gambia. The scope of this research is the websites of 66 organisations found through the hyperlink page http://gambia-hulporganisaties.startpagina. nl. The texts on the websites form a small corpus of around 375 000 words. Methodologically, a discourse-analytical perspective is assumed, heuristically assisted by corpus linguistic software. Thus, the texts are analysed simultaneously from a macro and micro-level: large-scale lexical patterns are combined with smaller-scale, contextualised, individual chunks of text. After a brief outline of the projects’ roots in tourism through self-reported histories of involvement and a cursory review of the literature on meanings and functions of diminutives in Dutch and other languages, the role of diminutives in the representation of the Third- World Other is explored. It is argued that diminutives in this context are used in an ambivalent way: diminutives express a sense of sympathy and at the same time reveal a derogative tone in descriptions of the Gambian side of the projects.
Determinants of Economic Activity Choices: Case of Chinese Migrant in Congo Brazzaville

If Chinese migrants carry out economic activities in the receiving country, one question arise which is of immediate economic interest: what determines the choice of these activities? Little research has been devoted to this issue. The paper uses a detailed Centre of Research and Prospective Studies survey data collected in 2013 in Brazzaville to analyze the factors that explain the choice of an economic activity for Chinese migrant using logit model. We found that four main determinants play a major role regarding this choice, namely: relational networks, province of origin, sex, primary level. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
Read-Once Threshold Formulas, Justifying Assignments, and Generic Transformations

We present a membership query (i.e. interpolation) algorithm for exactly identifying the class of read-once formulas over the basis of boolean threshold functions. Using a generic transformation from [Angluin, Hellerstein, Karpinski 89], this gives an algorithm using membership and equivalence queries for exactly identifying the class of read-once formulas over the basis of boolean threshold functions and negation. We also present a a series of generic transformations that can be used to convert an algorithm in one learning model into an algorithm in a different model.
Genotypic Variation in Grain P Loading across Diverse Rice Growing Environments and Implications for Field P Balances

More than 60% of phosphorus (P) taken up by rice (Oryza spp.) is accumulated in the grains at harvest and hence exported from fields, leading to a continuous removal of P. If P removed from fields is not replaced by P inputs then soil P stocks decline, with consequences for subsequent crops. Breeding rice genotypes with a low concentration of P in the grains could be a strategy to reduce maintenance fertilizer needs and slow soil P depletion in low input systems. This study aimed to assess variation in grain P concentrations among rice genotypes across diverse environments and evaluate the implications for field P balances at various grain yield levels. Multi-location screening experiments were conducted at different sites across Africa and Asia and yield components and grain P concentrations were determined at harvest. Genotypic variation in grain P concentration was evaluated while considering differences in P supply and grain yield using cluster analysis to group environments and boundary line analysis to determine minimum grain P concentrations at various yield levels. Average grain P concentrations across genotypes varied almost 3-fold among environments, from 1.4 to 3.9 mg g−1. Minimum grain P concentrations associated with grain yields of 150, 300, and 500 g m−2 varied between 1.2 and 1.7, 1.3 and 1.8, and 1.7 and 2.2 mg g−1 among genotypes respectively. Two genotypes, Santhi Sufaid and DJ123, were identified as potential donors for breeding for low grain P concentration. Improvements in P balances that could be achieved by exploiting this genotypic variation are in the range of less than 0.10 g P m−2 (1 kg P ha−1) in low yielding systems, and 0.15–0.50 g P m−2 (1.5–5.0 kg P ha−1) in higher yielding systems. Improved crop management and alternative breeding approaches may be required to achieve larger reductions in grain P concentrations in rice.
The ethics of secret diplomacy: a contextual approach

Under what conditions is secret diplomacy normatively appropriate? Drawing on pragmatic theories of political and ethical judgement, this paper argues that a three-dimensional contextual approach centred on actors' reasoning process offers an innovative and reliable analytical tool for bridging the ethical gap of secret diplomacy. Using the case of the US extraordinary rendition programme, the paper concludes that secret diplomacy is ethically unjustifiable when actors fail to invoke normatively relevant principles of justification, inappropriately apply them to the context of the case and when the actors' moral reasoning process suffers from deficient levels of critical reflection concerning the broader implications of secret engagements for diplomatic conduct.
Analytic Expressions of Torque and Inductances via Polynomial Approximations of Flux Linkages

Due to slotting effects and non-sinusoidal flux distribution, permanent magnet synchronous motors have relatively large torque ripples. Furthermore, core saturation, along with armature reaction, intensifies the cross coupling between d-axis and q-axis dynamics, and causes changes in the rotor flux linkage. In this paper, it is attempted to develop a closed-form analytical torque equation and inductances, which are known to be uneasy due to the above non-linearities. This approach is based on the flux linkages obtained via finite-element analysis for all current sets in an operation area. First, a flux linkage is obtained for each phase coil as the rotor rotates over one electrical period. At this time, synchronous ac currents are injected to the stator coils. Then, the resulting flux linkages appear as sinusoidal curves with harmonics. They are transformed into a synchronous dq-frame and expanded by Fourier series. Then, the Fourier coefficients, reflecting high-order flux components caused by the permeance change associated with the rotor motion, are dependent on the magnitudes of current. Second, the Fourier coefficients of the same harmonic number are collected over many current samples and interpolated by polynomial functions in dq-axis current. In the interpolation process, the coefficients are obtained through a least square method. Then, an estimate of flux linkage is reconstructed analytically using the resulting interpolations. Analytic expressions for inductances and torque are obtained by dividing or by differentiating the flux linkage estimates. The accuracy is evaluated by comparing the results from finite element method (FEM) and the experimental results.
Making Placement More Successful

In the professions, well-known examples of placement are those which occur in connection with legal, medical, engineering, teaching, pharmacy and business training. The growing interest in placements of all kinds in the 1980s was reflected not only in numerous reports about it from the professions which had traditionally used placements as a training method, but also in a growing number of publications which helped employers to organise placements for completely new groups of learners. These new groups of learners included school children (DES, 1988) and their teachers (DTI, 1988). In this period, for example, the DTI Teacher Placement Programme was launched as a major government initiative in the field of placement. Its aim was to have school