Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIV-Related Knowledge and Risky Sexual Behaviour in Sub-Saharan Africa

Using population-based samples of 19 sub-Saharan African countries, this paper investigates the effects of different levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge on the sexual behaviour of males with country-specific effects and controls for socio-economic characteristics and location of residence. The main findings are that HIV/AIDS knowledge increases the likelihood of using condoms with and without commercial sex workers, has no significant effect on the likelihood of paying for sex and increases the likelihood of having both pre- and extramarital sex. These results indicate that increased HIV knowledge, on average, is not associated with safer sexual behaviour among males in sub-Saharan Africa.
Exploring the Role of Emotion in Media Effects: An Introduction to the Special Issue

The role of emotion in media processes and effects is without question a very broad and exciting line of inquiry within the domain of media psychology, holding promise for a vast array of communicative contexts, such as health, politics, advertising, entertainment, educational programming, online communication, etc. Thus, it should not be too surprising that the study of emotion and media dates back to some of the earliest research on media effects. Münsterberg’s (1916) film research, which distinguished among empathic sympathy for protagonists, audience projection of feelings onto film characters, and audience reactions to the protagonists’ emotions, is seminal to research on media and empathy. Cantril and Allport’s (1935) consideration of the psychology of radio and the emotional aspects of reception, emotional gratifications, and impacts of radio usage denotes some of the earliest inquiry into media selection and enjoyment research. Further, Hovland, Janis, and Kelley’s (1953) seminal fear appeal research is at the foundation of the more current programs of media-based emotion and persuasion research. Despite the cognitive shift in the discipline of psychology during the 1960s and 1970s, investigation into emotion-related constructs in media research continued to develop, largely through the impressive efforts of Dolf Zillmann. Based on his three-factor theory of emotion, Zillmann laid out the foundation for several models of effects that continue to inspire research endeavors today (e.g., excitation transfer theory, Zillmann, 1983; and mood management theory, Zillmann, 1988), and his contributions in this domain cannot be understated (see Bryant, Roskos-Ewoldsen, & Cantor, 2003, for a festschrift in his honor). Through the 1980s and 1990s, as emotion became an increasingly ‘‘hot topic’’ in psychology, media researchers seemed to take greater interest in emotion-related constructs and effects. The extensive
An Empirical Analysis of Code Clone Authorship in Apache Projects

Many studies have been conducted to identify various types of code clones with a focus on accuracy, scalability, and performance. However, there has been limited exploration into the nature of code clones. Even fundamental questions, such as whether authors who write many non-clone lines also tend to write many clone lines, or whether code snippets in the same clone set were written by the same author or different authors, have not been thoroughly investigated. In this paper, we explore such fundamental questions regarding code clone authorship. We analyzed Java files from 153 Apache projects on GitHub, with a focus on line-level granularity. The analysis results showed that for 150 out of the 153 projects, the numbers of non-clone lines and clone lines contributed by each author are linearly correlated. We also found that two-thirds of the clone sets in all projects are primarily contributed to by single leading authors. These results confirm our intuitive understanding of clone characteristics, even though no previous publications have provided empirical validation data from multiple projects. Since these results could assist in designing better clone management methods, we will explore the implications of developing an effective clone management tool.
Multilingual Aligned Parallel Treebank Corpus Reflecting Contextual Information and Its Applications

This paper describes Japanese-English-Chinese aligned parallel treebank corpora of newspaper articles. They have been constructed by translating each sentence in the Penn Treebank and the Kyoto University text corpus into a corresponding natural sentence in a target language. Each sentence is translated so as to reflect its contextual information and is annotated with morphological and syntactic structures and phrasal alignment. This paper also describes the possible applications of the parallel corpus and proposes a new framework to aid in translation. In this framework, parallel translations whose source language sentence is similar to a given sentence can be semi-automatically generated. In this paper we show that the framework can be achieved by using our aligned parallel treebank corpus.
Ja n 20 06 New Precision Orbits of Bright Double-Lined Spectroscopic Binaries

Radial velocities from the 2.1 m telescope at McDonald Observatory supplemented with radial velocities from the coudé feed telescope at KPNO provide new precise orbits for the double-lined spectroscopic binaries RR Lyn (A3/A8/A6), 12 Boo (F8IV), and HR 6169 (A2V). We derive orbital dimensions (a1 sin i and a2 sin i) and minimum masses (m1 sin 3 i and m2 sin 3 i) with accuracies of 0.06 to 0.9%. The three systems, which have V magnitudes of 5.54, 4.83, and 6.42, respectively, are all sufficiently bright that they are easily within the grasp of modern optical interferometers and so afford the prospect, when our spectroscopic observations are complemented by interferometric observations, of fullydetermined orbits, precise masses, and distances. In the case of RR Lyn, which is also a detached eclipsing binary with a well-determined orbital inclination (i = 87. 45 ± 0. 11; Khaliullin et al. 2001), we are able to determine the semimajor axis of the relative orbit, a = 29.32 ± 0.04R⊙, primary and secondary radii of 2.57 ± 0.02R⊙ and 1.59 ± 0.03R⊙, respectively; and primary and secondary masses of 1.927 ± 0.008M⊙ and 1.507 ± 0.004M⊙, respectively. Comparison of Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.
Hybrid Deep Learning Approaches for Data Security in Cloud Environments

More recent studies have concentrated on methods to improve the security and privacy of cloud operations for the benefit of user data. For example, in order to safeguard sensitive data kept by a cloud-deployed procedure, it is important to guarantee secure transmission of sensitive data across multiple stakeholders. Researchers have investigated deeply into the subject of cloud security concerns, which include data breaches, denial of service, data loss, service rejection, and threats from malicious users. These issues typically stem from problems like multi-tenancy, lack of control over data, and trust issues. Cloud providers are primarily responsible for ensuring the security of the cloud platform. This study proposes a CNN-BiLSTM-AM hybrid model that combines Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), and Attention Mechanism (AM). In order to determine how well our proposed hybrid model worked, this study tested it extensively against the traditional CNN and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) techniques. An established standard for evaluating intrusion detection systems, the CICIDS 2017 dataset was used in the study. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed hybrid model outperformed the competition. The proposed hybrid model delivers the highest performance measure of accuracy (99.2%), detection rate (98.807%), and precision (99.59%).
A modified truncated singular value decomposition method for discrete ill‐posed problems

Truncated singular value decomposition is a popular method for solving linear discrete ill‐posed problems with a small to moderately sized matrix A. Regularization is achieved by replacing the matrix A by its best rank‐k approximant, which we denote by Ak. The rank may be determined in a variety of ways, for example, by the discrepancy principle or the L‐curve criterion. This paper describes a novel regularization approach, in which A is replaced by the closest matrix in a unitarily invariant matrix norm with the same spectral condition number as Ak. Computed examples illustrate that this regularization approach often yields approximate solutions of higher quality than the replacement of A by Ak.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Secret of Yucca Mountain: Reflections on an Object in Extremis

The processes through which boundaries are made and unmade—conceptually, socially, and materially—have been of enduring interest to a wide range of social scientific disciplines including sociology, anthropology, geography, science studies, etc. The subject matter of this paper—the Yucca Mountain high-level nuclear waste repository in Nye county, Nevada, which is meant to keep such waste safe for 10 000 years—constitutes, we contend, a case study of such processes taken to extremes. This, in turn, makes Yucca Mountain an interesting vantage point from which to (re)view the traditional ontological and epistemological preoccupations characteristic of social science, not so much in terms of abstract theory but rather in terms of concrete practical problems of spatial and temporal organisation.
Toward Combining Domain Theory and Recipes in Plan Recognition

We present a technique to further narrow the gap between recipe-based and domain theory-based plan recognition through decompositional planning, a planning model that combines hierarchical reasoning as used in hierarchical task networks, and least-commitment refinement reasoning as used in partial-order causal link planning. We represent recipes through decompositional planning operators and use them to compile observed agent actions into an incomplete decompositional plan that represents them; this plan can then be input to a decompositional planner to identify the recognized plan-space plan. Our model thus synthesizes the heretofore disparate recipe-based and domain theory-based plan recognition variants into a unified knowledge representation and reasoning model.
Segmentation of SAR Intensity Imagery With a Voronoi Tessellation, Bayesian Inference, and Reversible Jump MCMC Algorithm

This paper presents a region-based approach to segmentation of the satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) intensity imagery. The approach is based on a Voronoi tessellation, the Bayesian inference, and the reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) algorithm. By Voronoi tessellation, the approach partitions a SAR image into a set of polygons corresponding to the components of the segmented homogenous regions. Each polygon is assigned a label to indicate a homogeneous region. The labels for all the polygons form a label field, which is characterized by an improved Potts model. The intensities of pixels in each polygon are assumed to satisfy identical and independent gamma distributions in terms of their label. Following the Bayesian paradigm, the posterior distribution that characterizes the SAR image segmentation can be obtained up to the integration constant. Then, a RJMCMC scheme is designed to simulate the posterior distribution and estimate its parameters. Finally, an optimal segmentation is obtained by the maximum a posteriori algorithm. The results obtained on both real Radarsat-1/2 and simulated SAR intensity images show that our approach works well and is very promising.
Current State of Clinical and Morphological Features in Human NCL

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are large group of autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders with both enzymatic deficiency and structural protein dysfunction. Previously, diagnosis of (NCL) was based on age at onset clinicopathological (C‐P) findings described 4 forms, classified as infantile (INCL) (2), late‐infantile (LINCL) (5), juvenile (JNCL) (6), and adult (ANCL) most patients with NCL have progressive ocular and cerebral dysfunvtion, including cognitive/motor dysfunction and uncontrolled seizures. After reviewing 520 patients with NCL, we found that about 104 (20%) did not fit this classification of NCL With further research, 4 additional forms have been recognized: Finnish (13), Gypsy/Indian (14), Turkish (15)—varoamts of LINCL, and Northern epilepsy (16), also known as progressove epilepsy with mental retaedation. These eight NCL forms resulted from 151 diffeent mutations in genes CLN1 to CLN8 causing different phenotypes (http://www.ucl.ac.uk/nclhttp://www.ucl.ac.uk/ncl). The genes CLN1 and CLN2 encode lysosomal palmitoyl protein diagnosis of NCL is based on clinicopathological (c‐p) findings, enzymatic assay, and molecular genetic testing. Ultrastructural studies must be performed to confirm the presence and nature of lysosomal storage material (fingerprint or curvilinear profiles presence and nature of lysosomal storage or granular osmiophilic deposits) before doing biochemical testing. Pheno/genotypic correlation studies are discussed.
Conformality from field-string duality on Abelian orbifolds

If the standard model is embedded in a conformal theory, what is the simplest possibility? We analyze all Abelian orbifolds for discrete symmetry ${Z}_{p}$ with $pl~7,$ and find that the simplest such theory is indeed ${\mathrm{SU}(3)}^{7}. $ Such a theory predicts the correct electroweak unification $({\mathrm{sin}}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.231). $ A color coupling ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{C}(M)\ensuremath{\simeq}0.07$ suggests a conformal scale M near to 10 TeV.
A density gradient ultracentrifugal procedure for the isolation of the major lipoprotein classes from human serum.

A density gradient ultracentrifugal procedure is described for the rapid and reproducible isolation of the major lipoprotein classes, VLDL, LDL, HDL2, and HDL3, from human serum. A step gradient is constructed from four NaCl/KBr solutions varying in density from 1.006 to 1.24 g/ml and from 3 ml of serum adjusted to d 1.21 g/ml. Separation is achieved after a single ultracentrifugation for some 56 x 10(7) gavg min at 15 degrees C in a swinging bucket rotor, at which time the lipoproteins band isopycnically and albumin and other serum proteins are sedimented. Densitometric scanning of gradients revealed a lipoprotein mass profile distinguished by four absorption maxima which fell within the hydrated density ranges of VLDL (d less than 1.016 g/ml), LDL (1.028-1.050 g/ml), HDL2 (1.066-1.100 g/ml), and HDL3 (1.100-1.153 g/ml). Fractionation of gradients on the basis of band distribution, followed by chemical, physical, and immunological analyses of the four principal fractions (i.e., bands) provided data on their electrophoretic mobility, chemical composition, morphology and size distribution, immunological reactivity and apolipoprotein content, thereby confirming their identities as VLDL, LDL, HDL2, and HDL3. The validity of this separation was supported by the quantitative distribution of apo B and apo A-I as assessed by radial immunodiffusion. Lipoprotein quantitation based on chemical analysis of gradient fractions was compared with that by analytical ultracentrifugation for a group of normolipidemic males; results concorded well, giving a similar HDL2:HDL3 ratio (0.35-0.36). Our procedure thus provides a simple and precise manner in which to assess the lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profile of human serum quantitatively and qualitatively.
Adolescents from Stepfamilies, Single-Parent Families and (In) Stable Intact Families in The Netherlands

This aiticle 'examines the effects on intimate relation- ships, relational attitudes, and well-being of growing up in: stepfami- lies after divorce, single-parent families, instable intact families, and stable intact families. Data are used from the national panel study USAD (Utrecht Study of Adolescence Development), a study of de- velopments as they occur in the life course of young people during h e 1990s. Results are presented from 2,064 respondents between 15 and 25 years of age, about their well-being and their development in inti- mate relationships and their views on (marriage) relationships. On a number of topics their parents are interviewed as well. From the analysis, it is clear that young people who lived in single- parent families and in stepfamilies significantly differ from young people who lived in stable intact families. Young people from single- parent families are more likely to start their relational career sooner and reported more problems with intimate relations than youngsters from.
Episodic Trade Wind Regimes over the Western Pacific Warm Pool

Abstract The western Pacific warm pool experiences the greatest rainfall of any oceanic region on earth. While the SST is everywhere high over the warm pool, there is great spatial and temporal variability in rainfall. Sounding data from the recent TOGA COARE are used to document this variability. In particular, the vertical distributions of heating and moistening at different phases of the 30–60 day or intraseasonal oscillation are determined for different areas within the warm pool. While heating and moistening distributions near the equator over the warm pool are often similar to those observed over the western Pacific within the convectively active ITCZ, these profiles do not prevail at all times. In particular, during westerly wind bursts and suppressed, light-wind periods, heating and moistening distributions over the COARE Intensive Flux Array frequently resemble those observed in the trade wind belts. Such profiles are characterized by relatively large negative values of apparent moisture sink Q2 .
Against the Antagonist View of Professional – Manager Relationships: The Case of the Culture Industry

Abstract In the emerging knowledge society, a major challenge for human resource management theory and practice is how to lead professionals and experts in day-to-day work. The literature on professionals suggests that the relationship between professionals and managers is complicated, as professional ideologies, practices and interests tend to clash with organizational and managerial objectives. This paper questions such an antagonist view and suggests that the relationship between the two groups is a rather intricate one and that there is no such clear disjunction between the two groups. In addition, there is a strong reliance on cases from the health care sector, especially in an Anglo-American context. The paper reports a study of the relationship between professionals, officers and politicians in the Swedish culture sector in the largest Swedish region. The findings suggest that professionals and managers are capable of taking the role of the other and see a broader perspective than merely individual interests.
Can semantic enrichment lead to naming in a word extension task?

PURPOSE This study examined the relationship between semantic enrichment and naming in children asked to extend taught words to untrained exemplars. METHOD Sixteen typically developing children ( M = 32.63 months, SD = 4.02) participated in 3 word learning conditions that varied semantic enrichment via iconic (shape, function) or point gesture. At test, children named taught referents and 2 exemplars of each taught object: shape similar and shape dissimilar. Naming accuracy and errors were analyzed between conditions. RESULTS The point condition never outperformed the shape or function conditions. In naming taught words, the shape condition was superior to the point condition, whereas the function condition was only marginally superior to the point condition. However, in naming untrained exemplars, only the shape condition was superior to the point condition, and there were fewer indeterminate errors in the shape condition. CONCLUSION Semantic enrichment supports naming, but shape cues appear to be particularly effective in using words beyond just-taught referents.
On the Reduction of Choice Reaction Times with Practice

Information theory concepts have been discussed in relation to data from choice reaction time experiments. Specifically, it has been stated that choice reaction time is proportional to the logarithm of the number of randomly appearing alternative stimuli. It is suggested that the reported increase in choice reaction times with an increased number of alternatives is the result of insufficient practice. Data are provided to show that, with sufficient practice, this increase does not occur between two and four choices.
LibFTE: A Toolkit for Constructing Practical, Format-Abiding Encryption Schemes

Encryption schemes where the ciphertext must abide by a specified format have diverse applications, ranging from in-place encryption in databases to per-message encryption of network traffic for censorship circumvention. Despite this, a unifying framework for deploying such encryption schemes has not been developed. One consequence of this is that current schemes are ad-hoc; another is a requirement for expert knowledge that can disuade one from using encryption at all. We present a general-purpose library (called libfte) that aids engineers in the development and deployment of format-preserving encryption (FPE) and format-transforming encryption (FTE) schemes. It incorporates a new algorithmic approach for performing FPE/FTE using the nondeterministic finite-state automata (NFA) representation of a regular expression when specifying formats. This approach was previously considered unworkable, and our approach closes this open problem. We evaluate libfte and show that, compared to other encryption solutions, it introduces negligible latency overhead, and can decrease diskspace usage by as much as 62.5% when used for simultaneous encryption and compression in a PostgreSQL database (both relative to conventional encryption mechanisms). In the censorship circumvention setting we show that, using regular-expression formats lifted from the Snort IDS, libfte can reduce client/server memory requirements by as much as 30%.
Floodwater exposure and the related health symptoms among firefighters in New Orleans, Louisiana 2005.

BACKGROUND Concerns over increased reports of physical health symptoms thought to be related to floodwater exposure among New Orleans firefighters prompted a health hazard evaluation of firefighters following Hurricane Katrina. METHODS A questionnaire assessing health symptoms possibly related to the response to Hurricane Katrina was administered to all New Orleans Fire Department (NOFD) personnel within 3 months of the disaster. Descriptive statistics were compiled and prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated for covariates using generalized linear models with Log link and Poisson distribution. RESULTS Of the 525 firefighters who completed the questionnaire (77% participation), 201 (38%) reported one or more new-onset respiratory symptoms, such as sinus congestion (145 [28%]), throat irritation (92 [17%]), and cough (124 [24%]). Skin rash was reported by 258 (49%) of respondents, 414 (79%) reported skin contact with floodwater, and 165 (32%) reported contact with floodwater on multiple days. In multivariate analyses adjusting for age, gender, and smoking, firefighters who had floodwater contact with skin and either nose/mouth or eyes (224, 44%) had an increased rate of new-onset upper respiratory symptoms (PR = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1, 3.1), and skin rash (PR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4, 3.2) compared to those not exposed to the floodwater. CONCLUSIONS Response workers involved with floodwater should minimize direct skin and mucosal contact with floodwater if possible through the use of appropriate personal protective equipment, such as goggles, safety glasses with side shields, or full-face shields.