Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ControllerSEPA: A Security-Enhancing SDN Controller Plug-in for OpenFlow Applications

Software-defined networking (SDN), as a new network paradigm, has the advantage of centralizing control and global visibility over a network. However, security issues remain a major concern and prevent SDN from being widely adopted. One of the challenges is the prevention of malicious OpenFlow application (OF app) access to the SDN controller as it opens a programmable northbound interface for third party applications. In this paper, we address app-to-control security issues with focus on five main attack vectors: unauthorized access, illegal function calling, malicious rules injection, resources exhausting and manin-the-middle attack. Based on the identified threat models, we develop a light-weight plug-in, which is called ControllerSEPA, by using RESTful API to defend SDN controller against malicious OF apps. Specifically, ControllerSEPA can provide the services including OF app-based AAA control (unlike OpenDaylight and ONOS which offer user-based or role-based AAA control), rule conflict resolution, OF app isolation, fine-grained access control and encryption. Furthermore, we study the feasibility of deploying ControllerSEPA on five open source SDN controllers: OpenDaylight, ONOS, Floodlight, Ryu and POX. Results show that the deployment operates with very low complexity, and most of time the modification of source codes is unnecessary. In our implementations, the repacked services in ControllerSEPA create negligible latency (0.1% to 0.3%) and can provide more rich services to OF apps.
Importance of local differences in comparing hospital and community psychiatric services.

Most of the studies that are frequently cited as examples of effective comprehensive community care, (i.e. they reduce the demand for hospital beds without any loss in treatment efficacy (Stein & Test, 1980; Hoult & Reynolds, 1984; Muijen et al. , 1992) were carried out before the introduction of the Care Programme Approach (CPA) in 1991 (Department of Health, 1990) which at present only applies to England. As the CPA derives from these earlier studies the discrepancies between hospital and community based aftercare might be expected to become less, as now all services in England are expected to include a significant community element. However, there can still be important differences between those services focusing on community care as the main priority and those in which the hospital system is paramount. The psychiatric services in the area covered by North West London Mental Health Trust (NWL Trust) represented a natural test of these two approaches as they had parallel hospital and community based teams covering the same catchment areas respectively, North Paddington, in Westminster and Brent, in outer London. At this point it is useful to provide more detailed description of the two geographical areas at the time of the study and the community and hospital based teams that were involved.
Robust Adaptive Output Control of Uncertain Nonlinear Plants With Unknown Backlash Nonlinearity

In this note, we consider a class of uncertain dynamic nonlinear systems preceded by unknown backlash nonlinearity. The control design is achieved by introducing a smooth inverse function of the backlash and using it in the controller design with backstepping technique. For the design and implementation of the controller, no knowledge is assumed on the unknown system parameters. It is shown that the proposed controller not only can guarantee stability, but also transient performance
Is Marketing Limited to Promotional Activities? The Concept of Marketing: A Concise Review of the Literatur

This paper endeavors to describe the core concept of marketing and marketing management with the means of existing studies. However, it is occasionally observed that business students narrow the concept of marketing and limit to advertising or promotional activities. However, the contribution of this paper is to enrich student? s knowledge and attempts to diminish misconception among young students. Consequently, the study is compiled with the help of comprehensive literature review through research papers, books, official web sources, and some interviews of seniors Professors in the discipline of marketing management. Therefore, the current study endeavored to highlight the concept of marketing and represented that marketing is not limited to advertising activities. Despite, it is a complete strategic process which creates value for the customers and raises the long-term relationship with them. While promoting the product through distinct advertising mediums is an essential element of the marketing management process. Furthermore, the present study provides a structure to marketing students in order to grasp the fundamentals associated with marketing philosophy.
Epilepsy and other seizure disorders.

Facilities of the Rochester Epidemiological Project were used to identify all residents of this Minnesota city with an initial diagnosis of epilepsy or febrile convulsion made between January 1,1935 and December 31, 1974. During this 40-year period 618 individuals were identified with two or more afebrile seizures and diagnosed as idiopathic or secondary epilepsjfi 159 with a single idiopathic seizure, and 678 children with one or more febrile convulsions. Age and sex distributions are given in Table 1A for the 516 epilepsy patients diagnosed through 1967, and in Table 1B for the 472 children with febrile convulsions reported through 1967. These tables also contain incidence rates. The data are based on the earlier 1975 epidemiological study (Ref. 3) and therefore do not include the 1968-1974 cases which were also part of the later follow-up studies.
Effect of affect on social cost bias in social anxiety disorder

Abstract The cognitive model of social anxiety disorder (SAD) assumes that cognitive biases are important maintaining factors of the disorder. Research and theory have highlighted the impact of cognitive self-regulatory processes on affect, but have not sufficiently focused on the influence of affect on self-regulatory cognitions. The present study examined the influence of affect on cognitive self-regulatory mechanisms in SAD by focusing on one critical cognitive bias, estimated social cost. Individuals with SAD (N=48) and non-anxious controls (N=48) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental, affect induction conditions (negative, positive, or neutral) before giving a 10-minute impromptu, videotaped speech. As expected, the affect manipulation resulted in changes in estimated social cost. However, this effect was not specific to individuals with SAD. Participants in the positive affect condition in both groups had the highest social cost estimates post-speech challenge. These results suggest that social cost bias is dependent on the affective state in both individuals with SAD and controls.
Environmental payoffs of LPG cooking in India

Over two-thirds of Indians use solid fuels to meet daily cooking energy needs, with associated negative environmental, social, and health impacts. Major national initiatives implemented by the Indian government over the last few decades have included subsidies for cleaner burning fuels like liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and kerosene to encourage a transition to these. However, the extent to which these programs have affected net emissions from the use of these improved fuels has not been adequately studied. Here, we estimate the amount of fuelwood displaced and its net emissions impact due to improved access to LPG for cooking in India between 2001 and 2011 using nationally representative household expenditure surveys and census datasets. We account for a suite of climate-relevant emissions (Kyoto gases and other short-lived climate pollutants) and biomass renewability scenarios (a fully renewable and a conservative non-renewable case). We estimate that the national fuelwood displaced due to increased LPG access between 2001 and 2011 was approximately 7.2 million tons. On aggregate, we estimate a net emissions reduction of 6.73 MtCO2e due to the fuelwood displaced from increased access to LPG, when both Kyoto and non-Kyoto climate-active emissions are accounted for and assuming 0.3 as the fraction of non-renewable biomass (fNRB) harvested. However, if only Kyoto gases are considered, we estimate a smaller net emissions decrease of 0.03 MtCO2e (assuming fully renewable biomass harvesting), or 3.05 MtCO2e (assuming 0.3 as the fNRB). We conclude that the transition to LPG cooking in India reduced pressures on forests and achieved modest climate benefits, though uncertainties regarding the extent of non-renewable biomass harvesting and suite of climate-active emissions included in such an estimation can significantly influence results in any given year and should be considered carefully in any analysis and policy-making.
Parent and child perspectives on family out-of-home eating: a qualitative analysis

Abstract Objective To (i) explore the factors influencing family out-of-home (OH) eating events and (ii) identify possible opportunities for food businesses to support families in making healthier OH choices. Design Focus group discussions were conducted with parents (six to eight participants per group) and friendship pair discussions (informal interviews with two children who are friends) were conducted with children (5–12 years) throughout the island of Ireland. Both discussions were audio-recorded and analysed using a thematic content analysis. Setting Eight focus groups and sixteen friendship pairs were conducted in Northern Ireland and sixteen focus groups and thirty-two friendship pairs were conducted in the Republic of Ireland. Subjects Purposive sampling was used to recruit a sample of non-related parents and children that represented equal numbers of gender, age, socio-economic status and demographic backgrounds. Results: The main, overarching theme was that families perceived OH eating to be a treat, while health was not currently a key priority for many parents and children. Children were reported to have most responsibility for their own food choice decisions in this environment, with taste and food neophobia having the greatest influences. Parents believed that if food businesses could meet parent and child priorities in addition to health influences, e.g. change cooking methods, and increase flexibility, then families would be more likely to patronise these establishments. Conclusions The entire family OH eating experience needs to be considered when developing public health interventions and this research has highlighted key opportunities that caterers could employ to support healthier family OH food choices.
Imaging Nervous System Activity with Voltage‐Sensitive Dyes

Optical recording with a voltage‐sensitive dye is advantageous where membrane potential must be recorded in many sites at once. This unit describes methods for making voltage‐sensitive dye measurements on different preparations to study (1) how a neuron integrates its synaptic input into its action potential output by measuring membrane potential everywhere synaptic input occurs and where spikes are initiated; (2) how a nervous system generates a behavior in Aplysia abdominal ganglion; and (3) responses to sensory stimuli and generation of motor output in the vertebrate brain by simultaneous measurement of population signals from many areas. The approach is three‐pronged: (1) find the dye with the largest signal‐to‐noise ratio; (2) reduce extraneous sources of noise; and (3) maximize the number of photons measured to reduce the relative shot noise. A discussion of optical recording methods including the choice of dyes, light sources, optics, cameras, and minimizing noise is also provided.
The study and calculation of magnetic field of the DC electromagnet with the split poles and polar tips

Among magnetic systems of electromagnets of a direct current with polar tips, the valve magnetic system is the most widespread and well-studied due to its broad application in drives of electromagnetic switching devices, devices of automatic equipment and control. However, even at synthesis of such magnetic system of an electromagnet, developers have a problem of definition of a share of a magnetic flux under a polar tip leaving in a working gap. The solution of a task becomes even more complicated at absence of a rotary anchor in a direct current electromagnet as the magnetic field in an inter-polar gap is sharply non-uniform, fading in process of removal of the studied point from the plane of poles. Such distribution of a magnetic field takes place in special electromagnets of a direct current — suspended separator used for extraction of ferromagnetic objects from various bulks transported by tape conveyors.
Negative Spillover of External WOM in Supply Chain Partnership

In this study, we explore how customers’ WOMs in firms’ crisis events spread across organizational boundaries to affect their supply chain partners. Based on guilt-by-association theory, we propose that both the external WOM effect and internal demand-supply effect have a mediator influence on the relationship between news report of crisis and firm performance of its supply chain partners. In other words, the damage of a crisis event will spread through two intermediaries, and finally be reflected in the stock market performance. We collected second-hand longitudinal data from financial databases, search engines, and social media to verify our hypotheses. Our results support both the direct and mediating role of News volume, WOM volume, and crisis-stricken firm’s abnormal returns on its supply chain partner’s abnormal returns. These findings not only help enrich the understanding of crisis spillover effect to supply chain partners, but also provide some guidance for investors and managers.
Renal Tubular Functions in Patients with Posterior Urethral Valve

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate tubular functions of posterior urethral valve patients with preserved glomerular functions. Methods: A total of 25 children (ages 1 - 18) who underwent surgery for PUV and had an estimated glomerular ﬁltration rate ≥ 90 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 on long term follow-up and age-matched 25 healthy controls were enrolled. Blood and urine samples were collected to assess electrolyte reabsorption, proteinuria, enzymuria, urine acidiﬁcation and concentration. Results: Even though microalbumin/creatinine ratio was higher in the patient group [1.00 (1.98) vs 0.31 (0.34) mg/gr creatinine, P = 0.005] none of the subjects had enzymuria, overt proteinuria or hyperphosphaturia. Serum bicarbonate levels were lower and urinarypHhigherinpatientsthanthecontrols(23.2 ± 2.1vs. 24.6 ± 1.9mmol/L,P=0.028and6.24 ± 0.77vs. 5.60 ± 0.64,P=0.004); furthermore, patients had lower urinary osmolality and density (525 ± 214 vs. 743 ± 194 mOsm/L, P = 0.001 and 1011 ± 5.0 vs. 1016 ± 6.8, P = 0.005). When patients were compared among themselves according to presence or absence of renal scarring and when patients without renal scars were compared to healthy controls, similar ﬁndings persisted. Conclusions: This study showed that during long-term follow-up of posterior urethral valve patients with normal glomerular ﬁltration rates, even though proximal tubular functions do not seem to be impaired, acidiﬁcation and concentration defects exist indicating distal tubulopathy.
Rabbit Lateral Geniculate Nucleus: Sharpener of Directional Information

Direction-selective neurons in the rabbit lateral geniculate nucleus signal movement-direction more precisely than their retinal counterparts. This increased selectivity arises from the interaction of retinal inputs to the geniculate cell. A direction-selective geniculate neuron is fed by at least two retinal direction-selective cells, whose preferred directions are 180 degrees apart. One retinal input is excitatory to the geniculate cell and the other is inhibitory.
The microarchitecture of the synergistic processor for a cell processor

This paper describes an 11 FO4 streaming data processor in the IBM 90-nm SOI-low-k process. The dual-issue, four-way SIMD processor emphasizes achievable performance per area and power. Software controls most aspects of data movement and instruction flow to improve memory system performance and core performance density. The design minimizes instruction latency while providing for fine grain clock control to reduce power.
Protection of chickens against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and Marek's disease virus (MDV) with a recombinant MDV expressing IBDV VP2.

To develop a herpes virus vaccine that can induce immunity for an extended period, a recombinant Marek's disease (MD) virus (MDV) CVI-988 strain expressing infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) host-protective antigen VP2 at the US2 site (rMDV) was developed under the control of an SV40 early promoter. Chickens vaccinated with the rMDV showed no clinical signs and no mortality and 55% of the chickens were considered protected histopathologically after challenge with very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV), whereas all of the chickens vaccinated with the conventional IBDV vaccine showed no clinical signs and were protected. Chickens vaccinated with the CVI-988 or chickens in the challenge control showed severe clinical signs and high mortality (70-75%) and none of them were protected. Also, the rMDV conferred full protection to chickens against vvMDV just as the CVI-988 strain did, whereas 90% of the challenge control chickens died of MD. Antibody levels against IBDV and MDV following the vaccination increased continuously for at least 10 weeks. No histopathological lesions in the rMDV-vaccinated chickens and no contact transmission of the rMDV to their penmates were confirmed. These results demonstrate that an effective and safe recombinant herpesvirus-based IBD vaccine could be constructed by expressing the VP2 antigen at the US2 site of the CVI-988 vaccine strain.
Design a fast Non-Technical Loss fraud detector for smart grid

Non-Technical Loss (NTL) fraud is a class of typical frauds in the power grids. The main form of NTL frauds is “stealing electricity” in the traditional power grid. Smart Grid has the capability of two-way communication and two-way electricity flow, and thus, adversaries can take advantage of it to commit NTL frauds via much more complicated ways. Many schemes have been proposed to detect NTL frauds. However, their detection speeds need to be improved. In this paper, a fast NTL fraud detector, named FNFD, is proposed. FNFD is based on Recursive Least Square to model adversary behavior. Experimental results show that FNFD outperforms existing schemes regarding detection speed and overhead. Moreover, experimental results and theoretical analysis of parameter selection are also provided. We further study the stability and convergence of FNFD theoretically. The study shows that FNFD is always convergent as a control method if and only if the input dataset is persistent exciting. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some Studies in the Interactive Design of Character Recognition Systems

A project to develop an effective tool for the interactive design of optical character recognition systems is described. The initial design system and several techniques and experiments to improve the system are also reported. Results of an experiment to design a recognition system for typewritten characters are included. The recognition logic required 11.3 man-hours to design and recognized over 99.9 percent of its test characters. It is also small and can run at high speeds on standard digital computer systems. The results of several experiments and recommendations for future experiments to extend these results to hand-printed characters are also included. The development of more powerful multilevel logic forms and suggestions for making these forms easy to use in an interactive design environment are particularly important results of these studies.
Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Mediates Acetylation and Release of High Mobility Group Box 1 from Hepatocytes During Murine Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) initiate inflammatory pathways that are common to both sterile and infectious processes. The DAMP, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and the transcription factor, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), have been independently associated as key players in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our study demonstrates that IRF-1 contributes to hepatocellular release of HMGB1 and further that IRF-1 is a necessary component of HMGB1 release in response to hypoxia or after liver I/R. We also link the nuclear upregulation of IRF-1 to the presence of functional Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a pattern recognition receptor also important in sterile and infectious processes. Using IRF-1 chimeric mice, we show that IRF-1 upregulation in hepatic parenchymal cells, and not in the bone marrow-derived immune cells, is responsible for HMGB1 release during ischemic liver injury. Finally, our study also demonstrates a role for IRF-1 in modulating the acetylation status and subsequent release of HMGB1 through histone acetyltransferases. We found that serum HMGB1 is acetylated after liver I/R and that this process was dependent on IRF-1. Additionally, liver I/R induced a direct association of IRF-1 and the nuclear histone acetyltransferase enzyme p300. Together, these findings suggest that I/R-induced release of acetylated HMGB1 is a process that is dependent on TLR4-mediated upregulation of IRF-1.ABBREVIATIONS-IRF-1-interferon regulatory factor 1; HMGB1-high-mobility group box 1; I/R-ischemia-reperfusion; PRR-pattern recognition receptor; DAMP-damage-associated molecular pattern; TLR4-Toll-like receptor-4; HAT-histone acetyltransferase; HDAC-histone deacetylase; WT-wild-type; MOI-multiplicity of infection
One-to-Nine Multicasting of RZ-DPSK Based on Cascaded Four-Wave Mixing in a Highly Nonlinear Fiber Without Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Suppression

One-to-nine multicasting of a 10.7-Gb/s RZ-DPSK signal is demonstrated on the basis of cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) in a and fluorine-doped highly nonlinear fiber. This structure could significantly improve the FWM efficiencies of most channels with the required pump power of only . Therefore, no stimulated Brillouin scattering suppression scheme is required. All the nine channels exhibit high signal-to-noise ratio values with power penalty measured at bit error rate.
Functional regulation of plant NADPH oxidase and its role in signaling

ABSTRACT Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as a key signal messenger in plant cells. Plant NADPH oxidases, known as respiratory burst oxidase homologues (RBOHs), catalyze the production of superoxide, a type of ROS, and are involved in several essential processes in plants. In this review, we discuss recent studies about functional regulation of RBOHs by calcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-CIPKs (the CBL-interacting protein kinases), small GTPases, and lipids that integrate developmental cues and external stimuli.