Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clusters of solutions and replica symmetry breaking in random k-satisfiability

We study the set of solutions of random k-satisfiability formulas through the cavity method. It is known that, for an interval of the clause-to-variables ratio, this decomposes into an exponential number of pure states (clusters). We refine substantially this picture by: (i) determining the precise location of the clustering transition; (ii) uncovering a second ‘condensation’ phase transition in the structure of the solution set for k≥4. These results both follow from computing the large deviation rate of the internal entropy of pure states. From a technical point of view our main contributions are a simplified version of the cavity formalism for special values of the Parisi replica symmetry breaking parameter m (in particular for m = 1 via a correspondence with the tree reconstruction problem) and new large-k expansions.
Rescuing the enlightenment from itself : critical and systemic implications for democracy

Preface to a New Books Series: C.West Churchman Legacy and Related Works, John van Gigch and Janet McIntyre. - Introduction to Volume 1: The Contribution of West Churchman to Sustainable Governance and International Relations, Janet McIntyre. - Recollections and Thoughts by his Colleague and a Newcomer to his Work: C West Churchman and The New World of Co-Design, Olov Forsgren. - Some Notes with Regard to 'Thought and Wisdom', Janette Young. - The Contribution of West Churchman to Doing Better Governance and International Relations: The Systems Approach and its Enemies Helps us Find the Morality of a Revised Democracy, John van Gigch. - Be Your Enemy, Ken Bausch. - The Social Significance of Churchman's Epistemological Position: Implications for responsible conduct, Norma Romm. - Understanding Churchman's Work through Practical Applications in the Public and Private Sectors to Enhance Social and Environmental Justice: A Retrospective Structural Inquiry of the Predicament of Humankind: Prospectus of the Club of Rome, Alexander N. Christakis. - Systemic IQ: Systemic intervention and problem appreciation, Ian Mitroff. - Information Systems Development as Inquiring Systems, Andrea Carugati. - Pragmatism Meets Systems Thinking: The legacy of C.West Churchman, David Mathews. - Churchman and Measurement, Timothy Ferris. - Justifying Knowledge Claims, Mike Metcalfe. - Bush Tucker, Conversation and Rich Pictures: Capacity recognition and entrepreneurship through systemic praxis with Neporendi Forum Inc., Janet McIntyre. - Addressing Indigenous Australian Social Exclusion: A strategic praxis approach to research and the provision of social services, Douglas Morgan. - An Exploration and Extension of Churchman's Insights towards the Tackling of Racial Discrimination as a World Problem, Norma Romm. - Conclusion: Designing a Replacement for the UN, Russell L. Ackoff and Jamshid Gharajedaghi. - Rescuing the Enlightenment from Itself: Implications for re-Working democracy and internationalrelations, Janet McIntyre.
Analytic Model to Estimate Thermonuclear Neutron Yield in Z-Pinches Using the Magnetic Noh Problem

Batch burn neutron yield calculations were performed using the magnetic Noh problem, in which the physical solution was anchored to experiments and a particle-in-cell simulation from the open literature. This was done by integrating the time and radially dependent physical solution using fusion reactivity, and included deuterium and deuterium-tritium targets. Achieving agreement between the batch burn yield and the actual data required tuning two parameters that control the physical solution, a timescale tm and a parameter χ, which is an exponent to some of the physical variables used when computed from the self-similar solution. It was found that while agreement could be achieved in all five of the cases reported in the open literature, the high current cases (7.7 MA and greater) with implosion velocities of 400 km/s and higher were the only cases in which the physical solution of density, temperature, and magnetic field in the postshock region were consistent with those of the experiments or the higher fidelity particle-in-cell simulations. Thus, the batch burn yield calculations appear to be a reasonable model reflecting the qualitative trends so long as the neutron yield is primarily thermal in origin and not due to disruption in the pinch due to Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities.
Criminological Theory: An Analysis of its Underlying Assumptions

Chapter 1 The Theoretical Framework Chapter 2 Demonological Theories: Pagan and Theological Ideas About Crime Chapter 3 Classical and Postclassical Rational Choice Theories Chapter 4 Individual Positivism I: Biological Theories Chapter 5 Individual Positivism II: Personality Theories Chapter 6 Sociological Positivism I: Social Ecology Theories Chapter 7 Sociological Positivism II: Strain and Subcultural Theories Chapter 8 Social Process Theories I: Learning, Bonding, and Social Control Chapter 9 Social Process Theories II: Interactionism, Labeling, and Social Constructionism Chapter 10 Critical Criminologies I: Conflict, Anarchist, and Marxist Theories Chapter 11 Critical Criminologies II: Feminist Theories Chapter 12 Critical Criminologies III: Postmodernist Theories Chapter 13 Fission or Fusion?
Self-Organization of Symbiotic Multicellular Structures

This paper presents a new model for the development of artificial creatures from a single cell. The model aims at providing a more biologically plausible abstraction of the morphogenesis and the specialization process, which the organogenesis follows. It is built upon three main elements: a cellular physics system that simulates division and intercellular adhesion dynamics, a simplified cell cycle offering to the cells the possibility to select actions such as division, quiescence, differentiation or apoptosis and, finally, a cell specialization mechanism quantifying the ability to perform different functions. An evolved artificial gene regulatory network is employed as a cell controller. As a proof-of-concept, we present two experiments where the morphology of a multicellular organism is guided by cell weaknesses and efficiency at performing different functions under environmental stress.
Spatial Tests of the Pesticide Drift, Habitat Destruction, UV‐B, and Climate‐Change Hypotheses for California Amphibian Declines

Abstract: Wind‐borne pesticides have long been suggested as a cause of amphibian declines in areas without obvious habitat destruction. In California, the transport and deposition of pesticides from the agriculturally intensive Central Valley to the adjacent Sierra Nevada is well documented, and pesticides have been found in the bodies of Sierra frogs. Pesticides are therefore a plausible cause of declines, but to date no direct links have been found between pesticides and actual amphibian population declines. Using a geographic information system, we constructed maps of the spatial pattern of declines for eight declining California amphibian taxa, and compared the observed patterns of decline to those predicted by hypotheses of wind‐borne pesticides, habitat destruction, ultraviolet radiation, and climate change. In four species, we found a strong positive association between declines and the amount of upwind agricultural land use, suggesting that wind‐borne pesticides may be an important factor in declines. For two other species, declines were strongly associated with local urban and agricultural land use, consistent with the habitat‐destruction hypothesis. The patterns of decline were not consistent with either the ultraviolet radiation or climate‐change hypotheses for any of the species we examined.
Modulation of P‐glycoprotein ATPase activity by some phytoconstituents

In the present investigation 16 phytoconstituents, which are active moieties found in several medicinal herbs, have been evaluated for their P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) stimulation/inhibition profiles using a P‐gp‐dependent ATPase assay in rat jejunal membrane (in vitro). Acteoside, agnuside, catechin, chlorogenic acid, picroside ‐II and santonin showed an inhibitory effect. Negundoside, picroside ‐I and oleanolic acid caused a stimulatory effect. Andrographolide, apocyanin, berberine, glycyrrhizin, magniferin and piperine produced a biphasic response (stimulation at low concentration and inhibition at high concentration). The results suggested that a possible interaction of these phytoconstituents at the level of P‐gp, could be an important parameter in determining their role in several key pharmacodynamic events. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Darker Side of Western Modernity: Global Futures, Decolonial Options

During the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, coloniality emerged as a new structure of power as Europeans colonized the Americas and built on the ideas of Western civilization and modernity as the endpoints of historical time and Europe as the center of the world. Walter D. Mignolo argues that coloniality is the darker side of Western modernity, a complex matrix of power that has been created and controlled by Western men and institutions from the Renaissance, when it was driven by Christian theology, through the late twentieth century and the dictates of neoliberalism. This cycle of coloniality is coming to an end. Two main forces are challenging Western leadership in the early twenty-first century. One of these, “dewesternization,” is an irreversible shift to the East in struggles over knowledge, economics, and politics. The second force is “decoloniality. ” Mignolo explains that decoloniality requires delinking from the colonial matrix of power underlying Western modernity to imagine and build global futures in which human beings and the natural world are no longer exploited in the relentless quest for wealth accumulation.
Obstetric critical care.

Despite advances in healthcare, maternal morbidity and mortality rates have been rising over the last three decades. Potential contributors to this alarming trend include advances in assisted reproductive technologies allowing women to conceive at older ages than previously possible, an increasing number of pregnancies affected by chronic diseases, a rising cesarean delivery rate resulting in complications such as abnormal placentation, and medical advances allowing women with complex illnesses to conceive. Expert consensus has endorsed simulation over traditional teaching methods for improving learner skill and patient outcomes, particularly in a setting of rarely encountered illnesses and increasingly complex patients. Maternal cardiac arrest simulations are one of the more extensively studied obstetrical critical care scenarios, and participation has been associated with improved learner performance. With such promising data in the setting of growing numbers of obstetrical simulation programs, a logical next step is the incorporation of obstetric critical care scenarios into simulation curricula. This chapter will discuss the use of simulation for teaching critical care obstetrics.
Safe, sane and consensual: Contemporary perspectives on sadomasochism

Psychological and medical perspectives on sadomasochism (SM) have historically been concerned with understanding it as a form of psychopathology. In the past (but still often today) studies of SM have been concerned with extreme and most often non-consensual acts. More recently, however, there has been growing interest in exploring the meaning of sadomasochism in non-pathological ways. Safe, Sane and Consensual includes work from across the social sciences exploring a variety of aspects of SM from a non-pathological perspective. There are discussions of the history and culture of SM, medical and legal understandings, along with theory and original research on the topic. There are also sections on SM and psychotherapy and writing on bridging the academic/activist divide. The book includes contributions from an international group of academics, practitioners and activists and represents some of the most recent cutting edge work in the field by leading scholars.
How Was It?: Exploiting Smartphone Sensing to Measure Implicit Audience Responses to Live Performances

In this paper, we present an approach to understand the response of an audience to a live dance performance by the processing of mobile sensor data. We argue that exploiting sensing capabilities already available in smart phones enables a potentially large scale measurement of an audience's implicit response to a performance. In this work, we leverage both tri-axial accelerometers, worn by ordinary members of the public during a dance performance, to predict responses to a number of survey answers, comprising enjoyment, immersion, willingness to recommend the event to others, and change in mood. We also analyse how behaviour as a result of seeing a dance performance might be reflected in a people's subsequent social behaviour using proximity and acceleration sensing. To our knowledge, this is the first work where pervasive mobile sensing has been used to investigate spontaneous responses to predict the affective evaluation of a live performance. Using a single body worn accelerometer to monitor a set of audience members, we were able to predict whether they enjoyed the event with a balanced classification accuracy of 90\%. The collective coordination of the audience's bodily movements also highlighted memorable moments that were reported later by the audience. The effective use of body movements to measure affective responses in such a setting is particularly surprising given that traditionally, physiological signals such as skin conductance or brain-based signals are the more commonly accepted methods to measure implicit affective response. Our experiments open interesting new directions for research on both automated techniques and applications for the implicit tagging of real world events via spontaneous and implicit audience responses during as well as after a performance.
Discriminative training of variable-parameter HMMs for noise robust speech recognition

We propose a new type of variable-parameter hidden Markov model (VPHMM) whose mean and variance parameters vary each as a continuous function of additional environmentdependent parameters. Different from the polynomialfunction-based VPHMM proposed by Cui and Gong (2007), the new VPHMM uses cubic splines to represent the dependency of the means and variances of Gaussian mixtures on the environment parameters. Importantly, the new model no longer requires quantization in estimating the model parameters and it supports parameter sharing and instantaneous conditioning parameters directly. We develop and describe a growth-transformation algorithm that discriminatively learns the parameters in our cubic-splinebased VPHMM (CS-VPHMM), and evaluate the model on the Aurora-3 corpus with our recently developed MFCCMMSE noise suppressor applied. Our experiments show that the proposed CS-VPHMM outperforms the discriminatively trained and maximum-likelihood trained conventional HMMs with relative word error rate (WER) reduction of 14% and 20% respectively under the well-matched conditions when both mean and variances are updated. Index Terms: speech recognition, variable-parameter hidden Markov model, discriminative training, cubic spline, growth transformation
Biotechnologically Relevant Enzymes and Proteins

Not so monofunctional—a case of thermostable Thermobifida fusca catalase with peroxidase activity Abstract Thermobifida fusca is a mesothermophilic organism known for its ability to degrade plant biomass and other organics, and it was demonstrated that it represents a rich resource of genes encoding for potent enzymes for biocataly-sis. The thermostable catalase from T. fusca has been cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli with a yield of 400 mg/L. Heat treatment of disrupted cells at 60 °C for 1 h resulted in enzyme preparation of high purity; hence, no chromatography steps are needed for large-scale production. Except for catalyzing the dismutation of hydrogen peroxide, TfuCat was also found to catalyze oxidations of phenolic compounds. The catalase activity was comparable to other described catalases while peroxidase activity was quite remarkable with a k obs of nearly 1000 s −1 for catechol. Site directed mutagenesis was used to alter the ratio of peroxidase/catalase activity. Resistance to inhibition by classic catalase inhibitors and an apparent melting temperature of 74 °C classifies this enzyme as a robust biocatalyst. As such, it could compete with other commercially available catalases while the relatively high peroxidase activity also offers new biocatalytic possibilities.
Mitochondrial DNA mutations in human disease

Since their first association with human disease in 1988, more than 250 pathogenic point mutations and rearrangements of the 16.6 kb mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) have been reported in a spectrum of clinical disorders which exhibit prominent muscle and central nervous system involvement. With novel mutations and disease phenotypes still being described, mtDNA disorders are recognized collectively as common, inherited genetic diseases although relatively little is still known concerning the precise pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to cell dysfunction and pathology. This review considers the basic principles of mitochondrial genetics which govern both the behaviour and investigation of pathogenic mtDNA mutations summarizing recent advances in this area, and an assessment of the ongoing debate into the role of somatic mtDNA mutations in neurodegenerative disease, ageing and cancer. IUBMB Life, 58: 143 ‐ 151, 2006
Effect of addition of epidural ketamine to steroid in lumbar radiculitis: one-year follow-up.

BACKGROUND Treating sciatica with epidural steroid injection has been a common practice worldwide. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are an important component of pain pathways. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of epidurally administered NMDA receptor antagonists (ketamine) for the treatment of chronic low back pain secondary to radiculopathy and its effect on patients' quality of life. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, double blind controlled trial. SETTING Hospital outpatient setting. METHODS Two hundred participants aged 25 to 50 years old with a diagnosis of lumbar radiculopathic pain secondary to disc herniation were randomized into 2 equal groups. Group I received 80 mg of triamcinolone (2 mL) and 0.25% bupivacaine (3 mL) plus 30 mg (3 mL) of preservative free ketamine. Group II received 80 mg of triamcinolone (2 mL) and 0.25% bupivacaine (3 mL) plus 3 mL of 0.9% saline. Pain scores were obtained before injection, immediately after injection, one week, one month, 3 months, 6 months , 9 months and one year post injection. The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire was used at baseline and at one month, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after injection for assessment of quality of life. Patients were asked to report any side effects, particularly those related to ketamine, including nausea, vomiting, visual or auditory hallucinations, and delirium. RESULTS Immediately after injection there was no statistically significant difference between Group I and II regarding pain scale scores. After one week of injection, pain relief was significantly better in Group I compared to Group II and then at all evaluation times. The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire score decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from 72 (range 62- 83) and 70 (range 57- 82) to 8 (range 2 - 12) and 17 (range 9 - 27) at one month; 6 (range 4 - 12) and 18 (range 14 - 22) at 3 months; 12 (range 9 - 16) and 28 (range 22 - 34) at 6 months; 17 (range 9 - 24) and 31 (range 21 - 35) at 9 months; and 17 (range 8 - 22) and 33 (range 20 - 37) at 12 months in the groups, respectively. Six patients in the ketamine group showed short-lasting delusions lasting for 45 ± 12 minutes after injection. LIMITATIONS The limitations include a lack of placebo control. CONCLUSION Epidurally administrated ketamine seems to be a safe and useful adjunct to epidural corticosteroid therapy in chronic lumbar radicular pain.
Rheumatoid factor on a daily basis

Rheumatoid factors (RF), which are antibodies (Ab) with specificity directed against gamma (γ) globulins, are the commonest auto-Ab ever described in man. Some of them are referred to as agglutinating RF, others designated non-agglutinating RF. Not only do these characterize rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but they are also encountered in a variety of disease conditions, as well as a proportion of healthy controls. Although non-specific for RA, the measurement of agglutinating IgM-RF remains the most useful serological test for the diagnosis of this disease. Demonstration of abnormal amount of serum RF by any method for which the result has been positive in less than 5% of normal subjects has indeed become one of the seven revised criteria, listed by the American College of Rheumatology (Arnett, FC, Edworthy, SM, Bloch, DA, McShane, DJ, Fries, JF, Cooper, NS, et al. The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum, 1988: 31: 315–24), for the classification of RA. Over the course of years, the relative importance of genetic (Carson, DA, Chen, PP, Kipps, TJ, Radoux, V, Jirik, FR, Goldfien, RD, et al. Idiotypic and genetic studies of human rheumatoid factors. Arthritis Rheum, 1987: 30: 1321–1325) and environmental (Nemazee, DA, Sato, VL. Enhancing antibody, a novel component of the immune response. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1982: 79: 3828–3832) factors in the production of such intriguing auto-Ab has been delineated.
Adaptive feature selection for digital camera source identification

Digital forensics which identifies the characteristics and the originality of the digital devices has lately become one of the very important applications. If it wants to serve as the evidence to the court like its traditional counterparts, the digital forensics issues like verifying the authenticity of digital image, detecting the forged regions or identifying digital camera source of an image will need to be addressed. This study has focused on analyzing the relationship between digital cameras and the photographs by using the support vector machine (SVM). In this paper, several feature selection algorithms will be implemented with SVM-based classifier to increase the predicting accuracy rate of identifying digital camera source of an image. The experiment results demonstrate that our adaptive feature selection scheme can achieve higher identification rate for unbiased camera sources than the results without using feature selection approaches.
Message and State Cooperation in a Relay Channel When Only the Relay Knows the State

A state-dependent relay channel is studied in which strictly causal channel state information is available at the relay and no state information is available at the source and destination. The source and the relay are connected via two unidirectional out-of-band orthogonal links of finite capacity, and a state-dependent memoryless channel connects the source and the relay, on one side, and the destination, on the other. Via the orthogonal links, the source can convey information about the message to be delivered to the destination to the relay while the relay can forward state information to the source. This exchange enables cooperation between the source and the relay on transmission of message and state information to the destination. First, two achievable schemes are proposed that exploit both message and state cooperation. It is shown that a transmission scheme inspired by noisy network coding performs better than a strategy based on block Markov coding and backward decoding. Next, based on the given achievable schemes and appropriate upper bounds, capacity results are identified for some special cases. Finally, a Gaussian model is studied, along with corresponding numerical results that illuminate the relative merits of state and message cooperation.