Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
European Consensus: A Way of Reasoning

The margin of appreciation is probably one of the most controversial and widely discussed concepts that has been developed by the European Court of Human Rights. A few books and hundreds of articles1 were written to justify or challenge the margin of appreciation. European consensus argument has always operated in the shadow of the wider concept of margin of appreciation. However European consensus is called to define the landmark signs capable to turn around the ECtHR reasoning. Moreover, European consensus goes far beyond mere determination of the scope of margin of appreciation. Different types of consensus argument assist in defining the meaning of vague conventional terms, approached as a common denominator for autonomous interpretation, measure proportionality of interference. The present article aims to conceptualise the notion of European consensus and structure the divergent references of this concept in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights.
Neediness and connectedness and the five‐factor model of personality

This study examined maladaptive and relatively more adaptive forms of dependency, as measured by the neediness and connectedness factors of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ; Blatt, D'Afflitti, & Quinlan, 1976), within a comprehensive scheme of personality provided by the revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R; Costa & McCrae, 1992). University students (n = 475) completed the DEQ, NEO‐PI‐R, and a measure of depressive symptoms. Results indicated that neediness reflected anxiety, self‐consciousness, vulnerability, unassertiveness, and inactivity, whereas connectedness reflected anxiety, warmth, agreeableness, and valuing of relationships. Neediness demonstrated stronger relations than connectedness with depressive symptoms. These results support the validity of DEQ neediness and connectedness as measures of maladaptive and relatively more adaptive forms of dependency. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two-stage tracking algorithm for passive radar

Passive Coherent Location (PCL) radar measures the bistatic parameters of a target: the time difference of arrival and the Doppler shift. In order to localize a target in the Cartesian coordinates, the data from multiple transmitter-receiver pairs can be used. This task is, however, challenging due to the ambiguities in the measurements assignment. In the paper, a tracking algorithm is presented, which decomposes the complicated task of target localization into two stages: tracking in the bistatic domain and tracking in the Cartesian domain. The bistatic tracker is used only for plot-to-plot association. The Cartesian tracker, based on the extended Kalman filter, uses the raw plots associated by the bistatic tracker to calculate the Cartesian parameters of the target.
Promoter Extraction from GenBank (PEG): automatic extraction of eukaryotic promoter sequences in large sets of genes

UNLABELLED Promoter Extraction from GenBank (PEG) extracts promoter sequences for large sets of genes using information present in GenBank. For a gene whose promoter sequence is not found, PEG will attempt to extract promoter sequences of the orthologous genes instead. AVAILABILITY It is freely available to academic users at ftp://cshl.org/pub/science/mzhanglab/theresa/. CONTACT zhangt@cshl.org; mzhang@cshl.org
Mod-seq: high-throughput sequencing for chemical probing of RNA structure

A new method and data analysis pipeline, called Mod-seq, for assaying the structure of RNAs by high-throughput sequencing is described. It can be utilized both in vivo and in vitro, with any small molecule that modifies RNA and consequently impedes reverse transcriptase. As proof-of-principle, we used dimethyl sulfate (DMS) to probe the in vivo structure of total cellular RNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. While this method is applicable to RNAs of any length, its high-throughput nature makes Mod-seq ideal for studying long RNAs and complex RNA mixtures.
Component-Based and Service-Oriented Software Engineering: Key Concepts and Principles

Component-based software engineering (CBSE) and service-oriented software engineering (SOSE) are two of the most dominant engineering paradigms in current software community and industry. Although they have continued their development tracks in parallel and have different focus, both paradigms have similarities in many senses, which also have resulted in confusion in understanding and applying similar concepts or the same concepts designated differently. In this paper, we present a comparison analysis framework of CBSE and SOSE and analyze them from a variety of perspectives. We discuss as well the possibility of combining the strengths of the two paradigms to meet non-functional requirements. The contribution of this paper is to clarify the characteristics of CBSE and SOSE, shorten the gap between them and bring the two worlds together so that researchers and practitioners become aware of essential issues of both paradigms, which may serve as inputs for further utilizing them in a reasonable and complementary way.
JAKE® Multimodal Data Capture System: Insights from an Observational Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Objective: To test usability and optimize the Janssen Autism Knowledge Engine (JAKE®) system's components, biosensors, and procedures used for objective measurement of core and associated symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in clinical trials. Methods: A prospective, observational study of 29 children and adolescents with ASD using the JAKE system was conducted at three sites in the United States. This study was designed to establish the feasibility of the JAKE system and to learn practical aspects of its implementation. In addition to information collected by web and mobile components, wearable biosensor data were collected both continuously in natural settings and periodically during a battery of experimental tasks administered in laboratory settings. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02299700. Results: Feedback collected throughout the study allowed future refinements to be planned for all components of the system. The Autism Behavior Inventory (ABI), a parent-reported measure of ASD core and associated symptoms, performed well. Among biosensors studied, the eye-tracker, sleep monitor, and electrocardiogram were shown to capture high quality data, whereas wireless electroencephalography was difficult to use due to its form factor. On an exit survey, the majority of parents rated their overall reaction to JAKE as positive/very positive. No significant device-related events were reported in the study. Conclusion: The results of this study, with the described changes, demonstrate that the JAKE system is a viable, useful, and safe platform for use in clinical trials of ASD, justifying larger validation and deployment studies of the optimized system.
Imaging longitudinal cardiac strain on short‐axis images using strain‐encoded MRI

This article presents a new method for measuring longitudinal strain in a short‐axis section of the heart using harmonic phase magnetic resonance imaging (HARP‐MRI). The heart is tagged using 1‐1 SPAMM at end‐diastole with tag surfaces parallel to a short‐axis imaging plane. Two or more images are acquired such that the images have different phase encodings in a direction orthogonal to the image plane. A dense map of the longitudinal strain can be computed from these images using a simple, fast computation. Simulations are conducted to study the effect of noise and the choice of out‐of‐plane phase encoding values. Longitudinal strains acquired from a normal human male are shown. Magn Reson Med 46:324‐334, 20001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Strategy for Assessing Problems in Word Recognition among Dyslexics

Abstract The article argues for the importance of studying word‐recognition strategies in the assessment of dyslexia. The consensus model of word recognition in cognitive neuropsychology, the dual‐route model, is critically discussed in the light of attacks from computational models in modern connectionism. Despite the criticism, it is argued that a dual‐route model can serve important functions in the context of dyslexia assessment. We propose a specific version of the dual‐route model from which we construct a series of tasks for diagnosing subprocesses in word recognition. A computer‐based test battery is described, involving oral reading tasks, lexical decision, rhyme detection, letter categorization, visual analysis, naming, and semantic categorization. Latencies and accuracy scores are recorded. The usefulness of this assessment approach is demonstrated in two case studies of 15‐year‐old dyslexic boys.
New method for plague surveillance using polymerase chain reaction to detect Yersinia pestis in fleas

Yersinia pestis, the plague bacillus, infects a variety of mammals throughout the world and is transmitted by fleas. We developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test using primers designed from the Y. pestis plasminogen activator gene to directly detect plague-infected fleas. As few as 10 Y. pestis cells were detected, even in the presence of flea tissue, by PCR and then agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. The feasibility of the assay was demonstrated by using naturally infected Xenopsylla cheopis fleas. The detection of Y. pestis in fleas by PCR provides a rapid and sensitive way to monitor plaque in wild animal populations, allowing public health officials to better assess the potential risk of transmission to humans.
Power electronics for all-electric ships with MVDC power distribution system: An overview

Integrated Power Systems (IPS) with DC distribution require the massive use of power electronics for many tasks: 1) the output voltage rectification of generators and the connection of energy storage systems to the IPS, 2) the supply of medium voltage high power users (propulsion drives, bow thrusters, compressors for air conditioning), 3) the adjustment of voltage levels, which is performed by power transformers in AC distribution systems and by DC/DC power converters called Solid-State Transformers (SST) in DC distribution systems. In this paper, an overview is given of the power converters found in the literature and on the market that could be suitable for employment in the mentioned subsystems as parts of a future MVDC IPS. Finally authors propose a structure for an SST to be employed in three-wire MVDC power systems.
Collecting data about moving objects in a distributed environment

This paper presents and compares strategies for collecting data about moving objects in a distributed environment. Such an environment is composed of servers in charge of recording events that occur in particular partitions of a geographic space. This work shows that strategies based on the number of objects or the number of move in events are practical alternatives for collecting large amount of data about moving objects per time unit. Our study was performed in a simulated environment with different distributions of servers in the space, in particular, uniform, normal and cluster distributions. Among these distributions, collecting data on a uniform distribution of servers outperforms the collection of data on a normal or cluster distribution of servers.
LINGO1 polymorphisms are associated with essential tremor in Europeans

Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders. Former association studies focussing on candidate genes in ET found a number of risk variants but most of them were not replicated. Recently, a genome‐wide association study revealed two intronic sequence variants in the LINGO1 gene associated with ET. Here, we have confirmed association between sequence variants in the LINGO1 gene and the ET phenotype in independent German and French ET samples. The odds ratios for the identified intronic markers rs8030859 (P = 1.0×10−4), rs9652490 (P = 9.1×10−4), and rs11856808 (P = 3.6×10−2) were 1.72 (CI 1.31‐2.26), 1.61 (CI 1.21‐2.14), and 1.30 (CI 1.02‐1.66), respectively, in our German sample. LINGO1 is an interesting candidate gene because it plays a key role in central nervous system biology, is selectively expressed in the nervous system, and is an inhibitor of oligodendrocyte differentiation and neuronal myelination. Our study gives further evidence that LINGO1 acts as a susceptibility gene for ET. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Semi-supervised ranking aggregation

Ranking aggregation is important in data mining and information retrieval. In this paper, we proposed a semi-supervised ranking aggregation method, in which the order of several item pairs are labeled as side information. The core idea is to learn a ranking function based on the ordering agreement of different rankers. The ranking scores assigned by this ranking function on the labeled data are consistent with the given pairwise order constraints while the ranking scores on the unlabeled data obey the intrinsic manifold structure of the rank items. The experiment results show our method work well.
Revealing Facts and Avoiding Biases: A Review of Several Common Problems in Statistical Analyses of Epidemiological Data

This paper reviews several common challenges encountered in statistical analyses of epidemiological data for epidemiologists. We focus on the application of linear regression, multivariate logistic regression, and log-linear modeling to epidemiological data. Specific topics include: (a) deletion of outliers, (b) heteroscedasticity in linear regression, (c) limitations of principal component analysis in dimension reduction, (d) hazard ratio vs. odds ratio in a rate comparison analysis, (e) log-linear models with multiple response data, and (f) ordinal logistic vs. multinomial logistic models. As a general rule, a thorough examination of a model’s assumptions against both current data and prior research should precede its use in estimating effects.
LIPSIN: line speed publish/subscribe inter-networking

A large fraction of today's Internet applications are internally publish/subscribe in nature; the current architecture makes it cumbersome and inept to support them. In essence, supporting efficient publish/subscribe requires data-oriented naming, efficient multicast, and in-network caching. Deployment of native IP-based multicast has failed, and overlay-based multicast systems are inherently inefficient. We surmise that scalable and efficient publish/subscribe will require substantial architectural changes, such as moving from endpoint-oriented systems to information-centric architectures. In this paper, we propose a novel multicast forwarding fabric, suitable for large-scale topic-based publish/subscribe. Due to very simple forwarding decisions and small forwarding tables, the fabric may be more energy efficient than the currently used ones. To understand the limitations and potential, we provide efficiency and scalability analysis via simulations and early measurements from our two implementations. We show that the system scales up to metropolitan WAN sizes, and we discuss how to interconnect separate networks.
Large‐Scale Drainage of a Complex Magmatic System: Observations From the 2018 Eruption of Ambrym Volcano, Vanuatu

In late 2018, Ambrym volcano, Vanuatu, erupted for the first time in 3 years. We show that the eruption was the result of a 6.5‐m‐wide, ∼0.7‐km3 dike intrusion which propagated for more than 20 km into the eastern rift zone. The eruptive sequence began with a small shallow dike within the main caldera but ultimately triggered a much larger intrusion, draining both the shallow (1–2 km) and deeper (∼5 km) magmatic systems. Extension of ∼3 m is estimated across the eastern rift zone with more than 2 m of subsidence within the caldera. Modeling suggests that the stress changes induced by the initial dike emplacement helped trigger and guide the propagation of the flank intrusion. Despite the large volume of material removed from beneath the caldera (∼0.7 km3), limited slip is observed along bounding faults supporting the hypothesis that the long‐term formation of the caldera at Ambrym is a result of repeated moderate‐sized events.
A review of observational gait assessment in clinical practice

For physical therapists observational gait assessment is preferable to instrumented gait assessment in the clinical setting. Existing observational gait assessment tools used in clinical practice were reviewed in terms of their validity, repeatability, sensitivity, and specificity. Most gait assessment tools lacked information concerning their validity or repeatability. In addition, most gait assessment tools had not had their sensitivity and specificity adequately evaluated. Current approaches to the development and use of observational gait assessment tools have been characterised by a top down approach, designing what is useful without any understanding of the appropriateness of a tool's content, construction, and so forth. We would advocate a more structured approach, by assessing gait using the gold standard of instrumented gait analysis and designing an observational gait assessment tool based on the data.
Understanding the Effect of Privacy Concerns on User Adoption of Identity Management Systems

Privacy concerns are one of the most important issues in today‘s technology-based setting. Previous studies show that privacy concerns negatively influenced the individual’s behavioral intention toward a particular Web-based service or technology. However, researchers have not explored the role of privacy concerns in identity management systems (IdMS) adoption. Previous identity management studies addressed privacy issues from the technical perspective but theoretical, social and regulatory dimensions have not been well addressed in the literature. This study identifies multi-dimensional privacy concerns of the IdMS and aims to understand and examine their effect toward users behavioral intentions to adopt IdMS. The conclusion of this paper outlines the implications and further directions for this study.
The role of the airline transportation network in the prediction and predictability of global epidemics

The systematic study of large-scale networks has unveiled the ubiquitous presence of connectivity patterns characterized by large-scale heterogeneities and unbounded statistical fluctuations. These features affect dramatically the behavior of the diffusion processes occurring on networks, determining the ensuing statistical properties of their evolution pattern and dynamics. In this article, we present a stochastic computational framework for the forecast of global epidemics that considers the complete worldwide air travel infrastructure complemented with census population data. We address two basic issues in global epidemic modeling: (i) we study the role of the large scale properties of the airline transportation network in determining the global diffusion pattern of emerging diseases; and (ii) we evaluate the reliability of forecasts and outbreak scenarios with respect to the intrinsic stochasticity of disease transmission and traffic flows. To address these issues we define a set of quantitative measures able to characterize the level of heterogeneity and predictability of the epidemic pattern. These measures may be used for the analysis of containment policies and epidemic risk assessment.
Language as a dynamical system

Despite considerable diversity among theories about how humans process language, there are a number of fundamental assumptions which are shared by most such theories. This consensus extends to the very basic question about what counts as a cognitive process. So although many cognitive scientists are fond of referring to the brain as a ‘mental organ’ (e.g., Chomsky, 1975)—implying a similarity to other organs such as the liver or kidneys—it is also assumed that the brain is an organ with special properties which set it apart. Brains ‘carry out computation’ (it is argued); they ‘entertain propositions’; and they ‘support representations’. Brains may be organs, but they are very different than the other organs found in the body.
Measurement-based approaches for accurate simulation of 802.11-based wireless networks

In this work, we address the issue of unrealistic simulations of wireless networks using a measurement-based approach. The idea is to use empirical modeling using measurement data as a mechanism to model physical layer behavior. We demonstrate the power of this approach for 802.11-based networks using ns2, a packet-level network simulator. Specifically, we develop two versions of the ns2 simulator that model the wireless physical layer with different levels of fidelity. In both versions, the deferral and reception model are built using measurements. For propagation modeling, one version uses direct measurements and the other uses an empirically derived model. In validation experiments with a 12-node mesh testbed, both these versions were found to be reasonably accurate (85 percentile errors within about 10% of the capacity) relative to regular simulations (85 percentile errors within 50% of capacity).
Symbolic Synthesis of Knowledge-based Program Implementations with Synchronous Semantics

This paper deals with the automated synthesis of implementations of knowledge-based programs with respect to two synchronous semantics (clock and synchronous perfect recall). An approach to the synthesis problem based on the use of symbolic representations is described. The method has been implemented as an extension to the model checker MCK. Two applications of the implemented synthesis system are presented: the muddy children puzzle (where performance is compared to an explicit state method for a related problem implemented in the model checker DEMO), and a knowledge-based program for a dynamic leader election problem in a ring of processes.