Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theories of Economic Organization: The Case for Realism and Balance

The article reports on the economic theory of industrial organization. The authors focus on responding to a criticism of their article “Bad for Practice: A Critique of Transaction Cost Theory. ” They go on to suggest that markets and industrial organizations feature a vastly different set of dynamics. It is suggested that managers cannot run business enterprises or corporations based on transactional cost economics (TCE) because that particular theory is meant to decipher market situations. The authors endeavor to provide a realistic and balanced view of organizational behavior.
The Relationship among Biases, Misperceptions, and the Introduction of Pioneering Products: Examining Differences in Venture Decision Contexts

Although biases influence the decision to take entrepreneurial actions, studies have not differentiated among entrepreneurial decision environments. These environments vary greatly and affect which biases arise and their context–specific consequences. Focusing on the role of firm size, age, and type of product introduction, we propose that entrepreneurs in smaller, younger, firms, who are considering pioneering, are more likely to exhibit illusion of control, law of small numbers, and reasoning by analogy. These biases contribute to underestimating competition, overestimating demand, and overlooking requisite assets. We hope to spur researchers to examine information processing across different types of entrepreneurial firms and actions.
Organic Indoor Location Discovery

We describe an indoor, room-level location discovery method based on spatial variations in “wifi signatures,” i.e., MAC addresses and signal strengths of existing wireless access points. The principal novelty of our system is its organic nature; it builds signal strength maps from the natural mobility and lightweight contributions of ordinary users, rather than dedicated effort by a team of site surveyors. Whenever a user’s personal device observes an unrecognized signature, a GUI solicits the user’s location. The resulting location-tagged signature or “bind” is then shared with other clients through a common database, enabling devices subsequently arriving there to discover location with no further user contribution. Realizing a working system deployment required three novel elements: (1) a human-computer interface for indicating location over intervals of varying duration; (2) a client-server protocol for pre-fetching signature data for use in localization; and (3) a location-estimation algorithm incorporating highly variable signature data. We describe an experimental deployment of our method in a nine-story building with more than 1,400 distinct spaces served by more than 200 wireless access points. At the conclusion of the deployment, users could correctly localize to within 10 meters 92% of the time.
Designing for a dollar a day

This paper is about the kind of tools and techniques that are accessible to resource weak groups for use in design and evaluation of computer support. “Resource weak” means in this connection, that the economic power and the ability to control the “local environment” of the group is limited. The human resources of such groups are often (potentially) strong, but restrained by the organization of work and society; and although the tools are cheap the activities are demanding in terms of human resources. This kind of work should be seen as a supplement to participation in design processes controlled by others. When end users participate in projects set up by management, these “lay” designers often lack familiarity with the tools and techniques, they lack the power and resources to influence the choice of questions to be considered, and they are not the ones deciding how to utilize the results of a design project when actually changing the workplace. To give the context of the work on which the paper is based, I first describe the Scandinavian tradition of trade union based end user participation in systems development. Then I discuss some of the issues involved in improving the conditions for independent end user design activities. I go on by presenting a set of “cheap tools” and techniques, including the use mockup's. This set covers the issues of establishing the possibility of alternatives, of creating visions of new and different uses of technology, and of designing computer support. A central question in relation to the tools and techniques, is their accessibility to end users, and I discuss this based on the notions of family resemblance and “hands-on” experience.
Extending lifetime of heterogenous wireless sensor network using relay node selection

Extending network lifetime is an ultimate goal in designing a wireless sensor network. For that reason, clustering mechanism has been applied to sensor networks with hierarchical structure to increase network performance while reducing energy consumption needed. The energy consumption for a single-hop data transmission is definitely high for far away sink node location. As a solution, relay node can be used to take advantage of the additional energy saving through multi-hop transmission. In this paper a three-layered architecture was proposed for randomly deployed heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Another algorithm for relay node selection also was presented. Finally, simulation has been done to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to improve the network lifetime.
Cloning and Characterization of Purple Acid Phosphatase Phytases from Wheat, Barley, Maize, and Rice[W][OA]

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) possess significant phytase activity in the mature grains. Maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa) possess little or virtually no preformed phytase activity in the mature grain and depend fully on de novo synthesis during germination. Here, it is demonstrated that wheat, barley, maize, and rice all possess purple acid phosphatase (PAP) genes that, expressed in Pichia pastoris, give fully functional phytases (PAPhys) with very similar enzyme kinetics. Preformed wheat PAPhy was localized to the protein crystalloid of the aleurone vacuole. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that PAPhys possess four conserved domains unique to the PAPhys. In barley and wheat, the PAPhy genes can be grouped as PAPhy_a or PAPhy_b isogenes (barley, HvPAPhy_a, HvPAPhy_b1, and HvPAPhy_b2; wheat, TaPAPhy_a1, TaPAPhy_a2, TaPAPhy_b1, and TaPAPhy_b2). In rice and maize, only the b type (OsPAPhy_b and ZmPAPhy_b, respectively) were identified. HvPAPhy_a and HvPAPhy_b1/b2 share 86% and TaPAPhya1/a2 and TaPAPhyb1/b2 share up to 90% (TaPAPhy_a2 and TaPAPhy_b2) identical amino acid sequences. despite of this, PAPhy_a and PAPhy_b isogenes are differentially expressed during grain development and germination. In wheat, it was demonstrated that a and b isogene expression is driven by different promoters (approximately 31% identity). TaPAPhy_a/b promoter reporter gene expression in transgenic grains and peptide mapping of TaPAPhy purified from wheat bran and germinating grains confirmed that the PAPhy_a isogene set present in wheat/barley but not in rice/maize is the origin of high phytase activity in mature grains.
Religious–spiritual sources of hope and the meaning of life in alcohol co-dependent subjects receiving support in self-help groups

Abstract Aim: To determine whether various key aspects of religiousness can be positively related to the meaning of life as well as in having hope. Methods: A sample of 40 subjects was surveyed from a group attending Al-Anon, in Poznan, Poland. Assessments were performed using the following psychometric testing tools; Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSORFQ), Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES), Brief RCOPE (RCOPE), one-item question scales on how often prayers were said and holy mass attended, Purpose in Life Test (PIL) and the Herth Hope Index (HHI). Results: It was found that positive aspects of religious coping and frequencies of prayer, attending mass and spiritual experiences were all directly related. The positive ways of religious coping with stress were found to be mediated through frequencies of having spiritual experiences, prayer, going to mass and feelings about the meaning of life. The frequencies of the former were indeed likewise found to be mediated by positive religious coping with stress, how often prayers were said and mass attended as well as the strength of one's hope
Corporate Marketing in the Stock Market: The Impact of Company Identification on Individuals’ Investment Behaviour

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to contribute to corporate marketing literature by examining how an individual’s identification with a company influences their willingness to invest in the company’s shares.Methodology/Approach – A set of hypotheses were developed based on theory, and survey data were obtained from 440 individuals in order to test the hypotheses. The data pertained to the individuals’ recent decisions to invest in particular companies’ shares, and to the degree of their identification with the companies’ identities. The analysis method was PLS path modelling.Findings – Firstly, an individual’s identification with a company was found to have a positive effect on their determination to invest in the company’s shares rather than in other companies’ shares that have approximately similar expected financial returns/risks. Secondly, company identification was found to elicit preparedness to invest in the company’s shares with lower financial returns expected from the shares than from other shares. Both influences were partly mediated by the individual’s willingness to give support to a company which they identify with.Research limitations/implications – The study pertains to company identification of individual investors; institutional (and professional) investors are beyond the scope of the article. Also, the sample focuses on investors in a single country (Finland), and the data may involve some self-reporting and retrospection biases.Practical implications – Considering corporate marketing in the stock markets, individuals who identify with the company are identified as worthwhile targets when the company seeks to attract new investors. Originality/Value of the paper – The article provides theoretical grounding for and empirical evidence of the positive influence of company identification on individuals’ willingness to invest in companies’ shares. It is a novel finding for corporate marketing literature that individuals express their identification with a corporate brand also through investing in its shares.
Visualizing Protein Interaction Networks as Google Maps

We present a lightweight approach for exploring large protein interaction networks in browsers using the Google Maps API. Feedback from an anecdotal evaluation shows that immediate access to data, low learning overhead and familiarity are appreciated by proteomic researchers, that linking map-zooming to a protein-relevance filter to create a multi-level layout of interacting proteins is desirable, and that, in the context of protein interaction networks, protein duplication is an acceptable technique that can keep interacting proteins close together while removing clutter. Finally, we show how digital map features and additional client graphics can support analysis of experimental data in the context of known interactions.
The influence of objectives , learning experiences and examination blueprint on medical students ' examination preparation

Background: The influence of intended and informal curricula on examination preparation has not been extensively studied. This study aims to firstly describe how students utilized components of intended and informal curricula to guide examination preparation, and secondly to study the relationship between examination preparation and performance. Methods: Students received a pre-examination questionnaire to identify components from the intended curriculum (objectives and examination blueprint), and informal curriculum (content emphasised during lectures and small groups), used during examination preparation. Multiple logistic regression was used to study the relationship between these variables and student performance (above versus at or below average). Results: Eighty-one students participated. There was no difference in the proportions using the examination blueprint, content emphasised during lectures, and content emphasised during small groups (87 – 93%) but fewer students used objectives (35%, p < 0.001). Objectives use was associated with reduced odds of above average examination performance (adjusted odds ratio 0.27 [0.07, 0.97], p = 0.04). Conclusion: When preparing for the renal course examination, students were influenced at least as much by the informal as the intended curriculum. Of the two intended curriculum components, the examination blueprint appeared to be more widely used than the course objectives. This decreased use of objectives on examination preparation did not appear to have a detrimental effect on student performance. Background Medical curricula are generally organized into three major pillars: objectives, learning experiences and evaluation [1]. While it is assumed that all three exert an influence on the process of learning, the relative contribution of each has not been studied [2,3]. All structured educational Published: 16 December 2005 BMC Medical Education 2005, 5:39 doi:10.1186/1472-6920-5-39 Received: 29 April 2005 Accepted: 16 December 2005 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1472-6920/5/39 © 2005 McLaughlin et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The Dialectic of Ideology and Technology: The Origins, Grammar and Future of Ideology

Let us begin with the closing consecration: “Knowing it will win no easy victories, relying upon its continual work and struggle, as well as upon a sometimes quiet capacity for ‘surrender,’ critical theory seeks to understand itself as well as the world and it suspects—as self-serving and sychophantic—all offered conceptions of itself that bring it no painful surprises. When it is at its best” (p. 294). The interpretation of the painful surprises offered by the Dialectic of Ideology and Technology will depend upon the reader: for those in search of an exemplary model of substantive critical theorizing, the continuing methodological and theoretical birth pains of reflexive sociology bear witness to a deeper anxiety about birth defects.
Automated Identification and Quantification of Protein Phosphorylation Sites by LC/MS on a Hybrid Triple Quadrupole Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer*

Complete phosphorylation mapping of protein kinases was successfully undertaken using an automated LC/MS/MS approach. This method uses the direct combination of triple quadrupole and ion trapping capabilities in a hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap to selectively identify and sequence phosphorylated peptides. In particular, the use of a precursor ion scan of m/z −79 in negative ion mode followed by an ion trap high resolution scan (an enhanced resolution scan) and a high sensitivity MS/MS scan (enhanced product ion scan) in positive mode is a very effective method for identifying phosphorylation sites in proteins at low femtomole levels. Coupling of this methodology with a stable isotope N-terminal labeling strategy using iTRAQ™ reagents enabled phosphorylation mapping and relative protein phosphorylation levels to be determined between the active and inactive forms of the protein kinase MAPKAPK-1 in the same LC/MS run.
Sequential Heterogeneous Attribute Embedding for Item Recommendation

Attributes, such as metadata and profile, carry useful information which in principle can help improve accuracy in recommender systems. However, existing approaches have difficulty in fully leveraging attribute information due to practical challenges such as heterogeneity and sparseness. These approaches also fail to combine recurrent neural networks which have recently shown effectiveness in item recommendations in applications such as video and music browsing. To overcome the challenges and to harvest the advantages of sequence models, we present a novel approach, Heterogeneous Attribute Recurrent Neural Networks (HA-RNN), which incorporates heterogeneous attributes and captures sequential dependencies in both items and attributes. HA-RNN extends recurrent neural networks with 1) a hierarchical attribute combination input layer and 2) an output attribute embedding layer. Experiments on two large-scale datasets show significant improvements over the state-of-the-art models. Ablation experiments demonstrate the crucialness of the two components to address heterogeneous attribute challenges including variable lengths and attribute sparseness. Furthermore, our exploratory studies also shed light on why sequence modeling works well.
[FEM study on displacement, position of rotation center and stress distribution of PDL under various loading force systems].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the displacement, the position of rotation center and the stress distribution of PDL under different loading force system (Moment/Force, M/F) by simulating clinical loading force system. METHODS A three-dimensional finite element model of upper central incisor, which consists of 945 isoparametric elements and 1,245 nodes was developed. The displacement, the position of the rotation center and the stress distribution of PDL were analyzed under 13 types of loading force system. RESULTS 1. Different force system led to different types of tooth movement. When M/F= -9.15:1, -10.30 - -10.50:1 and -10.90:1, it brought the result of controlled tipping movement, the bodily movement and the root movement; 2. The graph of the center rotation was a hyperbolic asymptotic line: Mx/Fy = -10.50 (horizontal axis) and L = 6.75 (vertical axis). Moreover, a little change of M/F between -9.15 and -10.90 led to apparent change of the position of rotation center. 3. The maximum strain and stress during the tipping movement were 1.47 x 10(-2) MPa and -2.81 x 10(-2) MPa, and during the bodily movement the results were 1.10 x 10(-2) MPa and -1.86 x 10(-2) MPa, while during the root movement were 0.96 x 10(-2) MPa and -2.58 x 10(-2) MPa. CONCLUSION 1 . Different force system (M/F) leads to different types of tooth movement. 2. It is necessary to adjust the force system accurately to obtain prescient tooth movement, especially when M/F changes between -9.15:1 and -10.90:1. 3. This study suggested that the tooth movement style and the force system (M/F) should be controlled to protect the periodontal tissue.
TRENDS IN VIOLENT CRIME AMONG EX-MENTAL PATIENTS

A central component of the public's conception of the mentally ill is that they are dangerous. This belief receives support from recent studies of the arrest rates of ex-mental patients which suggest that arrests for violent crimes have increased. In order to investigate this issue, samples were taken at two points in time. Analysis of arrest rates revealed that very few ex-mental patients were subsequently arrested for violent crimes, although these rates were higher and increasing faster than these of the general population. Mast significant were the findings that subsequent arrests were best explained by the number of prior arrests and that the percentage of patients with a history of criminal behavior has increased dramatically over time. The implications of these trends in violent crime among ex-mental patients for the perceived link between mental illness and violence and for the social control functions of society are discussed.
Salient Region Detection based on Global Contrast and Object-Biased Gaussian Refinement

In this study, we address the problem of salient region detection. Recently, salient region detection methods with histogram-based contrast and region-based contrast have given promising results. Center bias is a hypothetical characteristic in human vision system which is applied in many existing salient region detection methods. In this paper, we propose an object-biased Gaussian model to refine the histogram-based contrast method and region contrast method. The proposed algorithm is simple, efficient, and produces full-resolution, high-quality saliency maps. We extensively evaluated our algorithm using traditional salient object detection benchmark, as well as a more challenging co-saliency object detection benchmark. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the original global contrast methods and other existing salient object detection methods.
Public engagement to build trust: false hopes?

Public engagement through deliberative processes is promoted in both academic and policy circles as a potential means to build public trust in risk decisions and decision‐makers. Governments in particular seem to optimistically take a positive relationship between public engagement and trust almost for granted. This paper provides a new and critical analysis of this hoped‐for relationship, questioning whether such a direct and positive link between engagement and trust is a false hope. The paper draws upon personal experience of deliberative processes to discuss key components of an engagement process that have the potential to impact positively on trust. Specifically, who is engaged and which interests are represented; an open and collaborative framing of the discussion, and a direct and clear relationship between engagement and the risk decision. But the paper argues that given the complexities of optimising these process elements and in the light of the known underlying dimensions of trust, expectations are misplaced and that enduring trust is unlikely to spring from engagement itself. This is not to negate the other benefits of engagement, rather it is to focus on those key elements that will need to be in place, both process and beyond, if trust is to be enhanced.
Robust control of piecewise discrete-time linear systems with α-stability constraint

Based on piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function method, this paper first provides stability condition for the autonomous uncertain piecewise discrete-time linear systems, which is a feasibility problem of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Then the robust control with a-stability constraint via state feedback controller for uncertain piecewise discrete-time linear systems is presented. It is shown that the controller that minimizing the performance index a can be obtained by solving an optimization problem involving the bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs).