Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An antigen characteristic of hairy cell leukemia cells is expressed on certain activated B cells.

A murine monoclonal antibody, anti-HC2, which reacts with hairy cell leukemia cells, was used to define the normal cell equivalent for the leukemic hairy cell. This antibody stained the membranes of 2.24% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. These cells were more common in T cell-depleted cell populations, and bore membrane immunoglobulin. Some B lymphoblastoid cell lines were also anti-HC2-positive. Examination of normal B cell subpopulations revealed that HC2-positive cells frequently co-express an activation antigen and membrane IgG. Cell populations enriched for HC2-positive cells contained the bulk of PWM-responsive B cells. These data suggest that HC2-bearing B cells are activated B cells. B cell differentiation induced in vitro by PWM with T cell helper factors resulted in an increase in the number of HC2-positive cells at day 4 or 5 of culture. The HC2-positive cells were no longer present at the time of maximal plasma cell differentiation on day 7 of culture. By using B cells from a patient with the hyper-IgM syndrome that are incapable of immunoglobulin heavy chain class switching, it was demonstrated that HC2 expression did not require prior heavy chain switch. The m.w. of the HC2 antigen was 52 to 63 KD. Four bands with different isoelectric points were discerned on two-dimensional analysis. We suggest that hairy cell leukemia represents a malignancy of activated B cells. A unique stage of B cell differentiation is identified by the HC2 activation antigen.
Projected shifts in fish species dominance in Wisconsin lakes under climate change

Temperate lakes may contain both coolwater fish species such as walleye (Sander vitreus) and warmwater fish species such as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Recent declining walleye and increasing largemouth bass populations have raised questions regarding the future trajectories and management actions for these species. We developed a thermodynamic model of water temperatures driven by downscaled climate data and lake‐specific characteristics to estimate daily water temperature profiles for 2148 lakes in Wisconsin, US, under contemporary (1989–2014) and future (2040–2064 and 2065–2089) conditions. We correlated contemporary walleye recruitment and largemouth bass relative abundance to modeled water temperature, lake morphometry, and lake productivity, and projected lake‐specific changes in each species under future climate conditions. Walleye recruitment success was negatively related and largemouth bass abundance was positively related to water temperature degree days. Both species exhibited a threshold response at the same degree day value, albeit in opposite directions. Degree days were predicted to increase in the future, although the magnitude of increase varied among lakes, time periods, and global circulation models (GCMs). Under future conditions, we predicted a loss of walleye recruitment in 33–75% of lakes where recruitment is currently supported and a 27–60% increase in the number of lakes suitable for high largemouth bass abundance. The percentage of lakes capable of supporting abundant largemouth bass but failed walleye recruitment was predicted to increase from 58% in contemporary conditions to 86% by mid‐century and to 91% of lakes by late century, based on median projections across GCMs. Conversely, the percentage of lakes with successful walleye recruitment and low largemouth bass abundance was predicted to decline from 9% of lakes in contemporary conditions to only 1% of lakes in both future periods. Importantly, we identify up to 85 resilient lakes predicted to continue to support natural walleye recruitment. Management resources could target preserving these resilient walleye populations.
A Finite Element Model and Electronic Analogue of Pipeline Pressure Transients With Frequency-Dependent Friction

A finite element model and its equivalent electronic analogue circuit has been developed for fluid transients in hydraulic transmission lines with laminar frequency-dependent friction. Basic equations are approximated to be a set of ordinary differential equations that can be represented in state-space form. The accuracy of the model is demonstrated by comparison with the method of characteristics
Crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima SPOUT superfamily RNA methyltransferase Tm1570 in complex with S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine

RNAs involved in translation and post-transcriptional processing contain a large number of modified nucleosides.1 In tRNAs, over 80 different modifications have been observed,2 and many of these modifications are important for tRNA function. Modifications within the anticodon loop are necessary for proper codon recognition,3 while those in the Dand T-loops facilitate folding and stabilization of the tRNA.4 Ribosomal RNA modifications are clustered around the catalytic center and other crucial regions of the ribosome, further underscoring their importance in translation.5 The ‘‘SPOUT’’ [SpoU-TrmD] superfamily methyltransferases (MTases) are a large class of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet)-dependent RNA MTases that exhibit a Rossmannoid a/b-fold with a deep trefoil knot.6 Several members of the SPOUT superfamily have been characterized functionally7 and they have been found to be involved in post-transcriptional RNA modification by catalyzing methylation of the 20-OH group of ribose,8–10 the N-1 atom of guanosine 37 in tRNA,11,12 or the N-3 atom of uridine 1498 in 16S rRNA.13 Despite a wealth of sequence data on the SPOUT superfamily MTases in the database, structural data are limited to only a few COGs (Clusters of Orthologous Groups) of the SPOUT superfamily.7 Therefore, further structural characterization of the SPOUT superfamily members are required. Thermotoga maritima Tm1570 is a member of the SPOUT MTase superfamily,7 belonging to the COG4752 family, which comprises a few bacterial proteins with erratic phyletic distribution, mostly from extremophiles (e.g., T. maritima and Synthropus acidotrophicus) but also from pathogens such as Fusibacterium nucleatum.7 COG4752 also has been dubbed SpoU family, implying a functional link with 20-O-ribose MTases.14 However, the molecular function of Tm1570 remains to be established. In this study, we have solved the crystal structure of the T. maritima Tm1570 MTase in complex with AdoMet at 2.00 Å resolution. This work represents the first crystal structure of a member of the COG4752 family, thus contributing to expand our knowledge on the structural features of the SPOUT MTase superfamily.
Exchange Rate Risk and Local Currency Sovereign Bond Yields in Emerging Markets

In this paper we consider the role of exchange rate risk in influencing local currency sovereign bond yields in emerging market economies (EMEs). We explicitly account for exchange rate expectations and uncertainty around them, as measured by exchange rate volatility. The analysis points to an important influence of exchange rate risk: when exchange rate volatility increases, investors require a larger yield compensation for holding EME local currency sovereign bonds. The impact of exchange rate volatility has become more important since May 2013, when investors realised that the Federal Reserve may reduce the scale of its asset purchases sooner than previously expected.
Computer methods for ordinary differential equations and differential-algebraic equations

From the Publisher: Designed for those people who want to gain a practical knowledge of modern techniques, this book contains all the material necessary for a course on the numerical solution of differential equations. Written by two of the field's leading authorities, it provides a unified presentation of initial value and boundary value problems in ODEs as well as differential-algebraic equations. The approach is aimed at a thorough understanding of the issues and methods for practical computation while avoiding an extensive theorem-proof type of exposition. It also addresses reasons why existing software succeeds or fails. This book is a practical and mathematically well informed introduction that emphasizes basic methods and theory, issues in the use and development of mathematical software, and examples from scientific engineering applications. Topics requiring an extensive amount of mathematical development, such as symplectic methods for Hamiltonian systems, are introduced, motivated, and included in the exercises, but a complete and rigorous mathematical presentation is referenced rather than included. Audience This book is appropriate for senior undergraduate or beginning graduate students with a computational focus and practicing engineers and scientists who want to learn about computational differential equations. A beginning course in numerical analysis is needed, and a beginning course in ordinary differential equations would be helpful. About the Authors Uri M. Ascher is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver. He is also Director of the Institute of Applied Mathematics there. Linda R. Petzold is a Professor in the Departments of Mechanical and Environmental Engineering and Computer Science at the University of California at Santa Barbara. She is also Director of the Computational Science and Engineering Program there.
Hybrid single image dehazing with bright channel and dark channel priors

This paper proposes a novel method combining dark channel prior (DCP) and bright channel prior (BCP) for single image dehazing. The proposed method achieves airlight approximations by implementing numerical proximity of atmospheric light, which use the average value of the DCP and BCP. Meanwhile, in order to reduce computational time, a fast guided filtration method is used for the transmission map refinement. Experimental results on a variety of outdoor hazy images show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
The C Terminus of the Ca Channel α1B Subunit Mediates Selective Inhibition by G-Protein-Coupled Receptors

Inhibition of calcium channels by G-protein-coupled receptors depends on the nature of the Gα subunit, although the Gβγ complex is thought to be responsible for channel inhibition. Ca currents in hypothalamic neurons and N-type calcium channels expressed in HEK-293 cells showed robust inhibition by Gi/Go-coupled galanin receptors (GalR1), but not by Gq-coupled galanin receptors (GalR2). However, deletions in the C terminus of α1B-1 produced Ca channels that were inhibited after activation of both GalR1 and GalR2. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) also revealed Ca current modulation by GalR2. Imaging studies using green fluorescent protein fusions of the C terminus of α1B demonstrated that activation of the GalR2 receptor caused translocation of the C terminus of α1B-1to the membrane and co-localization with Gαq and PKC. Similar translocation was not seen with a C-terminal truncated splice variant, α1B-2. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that Gαq interacts directly with the C terminus of the α1Bsubunit. These results are consistent with a model in which local activation of PKC by channel-associated Gαq blocks modulation of the channel by Gβγ released by Gq-coupled receptors.
Beating IT Risks

About the authors. Foreword. Acknowledgements. 1 Thriving on risk. The challenge. Complications and deficiencies. The cure for your IT risk headache. 2 IT governance framework. Different approaches to governance. Building a framework for your organization. Design and implementation issues. Case study: Aventis. 3 IT risk portfolio. Introducing the IT risk portfolio. Implementing an IT risk management capability. Health check. Case study: European fleet management services provider. 4 Projects. The impact of project failure. Organizational, program and project views of risk. Understanding IT project risk factors. Alternative philosophies for delivery assurance. Identifying, reporting and managing project risks. Health check. Case study: Agility. 5 IT services. IT service failures that impact your business. Planning and preparation. Implementing IT service continuity. Health check. Case study: Police service. 6 Information assets. Accessing your information assets. The impacts of information asset exploitation. The impacts of degraded information assets. The dimensions of security. Implementing information asset management. Health check. Case study: Investment management. 7 IT service providers and vendors. The dimensions of service provider failure. The dimensions of vendor failure. Managing service provider risk. Managing multiple IT service providers. New and emerging risks in IT service provision. Health check. Case study: Financial services. 8 Applications. The impacts of IT application failure on your business. The evolution of IT application risk. IT application risk profiles. Software assets and liabilities. The lifecycle approach to managing risks. Health check. Case study: Leading water company. 9 Infrastructure. How IT infrastructure failure impacts your business. IT infrastructure's evolving risks. Moving towards `set and forget'. De-risking infrastructure transformation. Health check. Case study: GCHQ. 10 Strategic and emergent. The impact of IT failing to support the execution of your business strategy. Driving shareholder value through IT-enabled business change. The influence of your IT capability on business capability. Health check. Case study: Egg. 11 IT and other enterprise risks. Relating the IT risk portfolio to other types of enterprise risk. Supporting risk-based management with IT. The dependence of IT risk management on broader enterprise competencies. In conclusion. Appendix 1: Review checklists. References. Index.
Gradient expansion of the exchange-energy density functional: Effect of taking limits in the wrong order.

We show that if one uses a screened Coulomb potential V(K)=4\ensuremath{\pi}/(${K}^{2}$+${K}_{s}^{2}$) to calculate ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{x}$, the exchange-energy density-functional gradient expansion coefficient, one obtains Sham's result if one takes K\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0 before taking ${K}_{s}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0. The exchange energy is by its very definition an unscreened quantity so that the correct order of the limits is ${K}_{s}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0 before K\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0, in which case ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{x}$=1.42${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{x}^{\mathrm{Sham}}$. AE
Improving business processes with business process modelling notation and business process execution language: an action research approach

The first purpose of this paper is to improve business processes in an industrial firm with business process modelling notation (BPMN) and business process execution language (BPEL). The second purpose is to provide a scientific approach for bringing business analysts and IT professionals together in a framework of an action research (AR). The research is conducted in one of the biggest distribution companies in Iran. BPMN is applied to model as-is and to-be situations of sale and distribution process. Both as-is and to-be models were simulated to compare their performance indexes. Moreover, models were implemented using BPEL, so that the model can be used for automating and improving the process. In this study, AR methodology was used to find a resolution of an organisational issue with those who experience this issue directly and to improve scientific knowledge and real-life contexts simultaneously.
How trust factors affect business relationships in Saudi-Arabian companies

This study investigates how to develop a better understanding of successful business relationships in the context of Saudi Arabia. The main objectives of this research are to explore how trust factors affect business relationship in Saudi Arabian companies. Primary and secondary methods of data collection are explored and the methods used to conduct qualitative data analysis are discussed and justified. Semi-structured interviews were employed to fulfil the study’s aims and objectives. The researcher interviewed 25 Saudi Arabian employees regarding how trust factors affect business relationships in Saudi Arabian companies. This thesis identifies and analyses the barriers to trust in business relationship that can exist in Saudi companies, using a multiple interview approach. The research required in-depth understanding to enable the development of trust factors (individual trust, organisational trust and national trust). The result is the discovery that a lack of skills, knowledge and experience of business relationship development and the correct approach to business and management can affect trust factors in the context of Saudi Arabian companies. This research study also found culture to be a unique type of behaviour that influences the creation of profitable relationships in Saudi companies. This study can be used in further research in other organisations, whether in Saudi Arabia or other countries. Finally, the researcher considers the whole experience of conducting this study to have been revealing, and has confirmed that strong potential exists within Saudi Arabian companies that have been completely suppressed in past years by the involvement of the social and business level. Relationships are necessary at the individual, organisational, and national levels in order for foreign companies to build trust with Saudi Arabian ones.
Establishment of HHV‐8‐positive and HHV‐8‐negative lymphoma cell lines from primary lymphomatous effusions

Primary lymphomatous effusions are represented by cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) which grow in liquid phase in the serous body cavities in the absence of solid tumour masses. Based on morphologic, immunophenotypic, virologic and genotypic features, primary lymphomatous effusions are distinguished into body cavity–based lymphoma (BCBL), Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and immunoblastic large‐cell lymphoma. The histogenesis and pathogenesis of primary lymphomatous effusions are virtually unclarified. In this study, we have established 2 cell lines (CRO‐AP/1 and CRO‐AP/2) representative of 2 distinct categories of primary lymphomatous effusion, BCBL (CRO‐AP/2) and BL (CRO‐AP/1). Both CRO‐AP/1 and CRO‐AP/2 carry monoclonal re‐arrangements of the immunoglobulin genes which are identical to those of the respective parental tumours. Consistent with its BCBL origin, CRO‐AP/2 is characterised by a non‐B, non‐T phenotype and harbours infection by HHV‐8 (approx. 100 viral copies/cell) and Epstein‐Barr virus. Conversely, CRO‐AP/1 expresses several B cell–associated antigens, lacks HHV‐8 infection and carries the genetic hallmark of BL, i.e., a chromosomal breakpoint of band 8q24. CRO‐AP/1 and CRO‐AP/2 may be valuable for the biologic characterization of primary lymphomatous effusions, particularly since the number of available cell lines derived from such lymphomatous effusions is extremely limited. Int. J. Cancer 73:562–569, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Content Management Systems –Business effects of an implementation

This thesis was performed at the business areas of Volvo Group where we evaluated the business effects from an out-of-the-box content management system (CMS) implementation. A CMS helps an organization to collect, support, organize and publish information on the Internet, intranet and extranet. Our purpose with this thesis was to evaluate a CMS implementation and to compile a model for CMS evaluation to be able to show the business effects generated to the organization by the CMS. To compile a model we studied literature on CMS and evaluation of IS/IT-investments. Our model was customized and consisted of Observed CMS business effects, CMS business effects and impact, IS/IT-investment evaluation and Additional IS/IT-investment evaluation. The conclusion provided to us by our evaluation model was that the positive business effects from a CMS implementation are “effective work process”, “content policy”, “togetherness”, “reduced hosting costs”, “reuse of content”, “increased web presence” and the negative are “low flexibility”.
The Emergence of Collaborative Economy : Towards a Changing Relational Mindset

The arising economic phenomenon collaborative economy challenges the traditional relationship between producer, retailer and consumer, where the shift has changed to consumers valuing access over ownership. With the help from semi-structured interviews with company representatives using either a traditional business model or/and a collaborative business model in the transportation and accommodation industry, this thesis aims to investigate how this shift is affecting the relationship between companies and consumers. The results show that the main difference is the level of consumer integration applied within the two different business models. A traditional business model is mostly interested in maintaining its’ own company's health by focusing on keeping the consumer satisfied. In contrary, collaborative business models are equally interested in maintaining the health of the community as the consumer is highly involved and rooted around the platform and are in a sense more important in the latter business model. Moreover, this thesis add on existing theory by mapping out collaborative economy, while also forming empirical evidence by presenting key values related to how companies coordinate their relationship as well as how relational structures are built up within each business model in order for a company to capture, create and deliver value to the consumers. From a practical standpoint, this will provide useful information of companies within each of the business models, but especially for companies interested in adopting a collaborative business model, as it is of importance since one easily can become blindfolded by the light of others success.
Embedded high-speed Model Predictive Controller on a FPGA

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is a well established control strategy that is being used in an increasingly wider set of application areas. Unfortunately, the requirement of an on-line solution to a constrained optimization problem is an impediment for its application to fast dynamics plants. The hardware implementation of target-optimized, application-specific controllers on reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) can widespread the use of MPC to control systems that demand short sampling periods. This paper describes a first approach to the design and implementation of a fixed-point arithmetic model predictive controller adapted to a benchmark control problem with constraints. A FPGA chip is a suitable hardware platform to implement the tailored controller as it allows for its adaptation to other operating requirements and to different target systems while meeting real time constraints.