Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optional Frame Selection Algorithm for Adaptive Symmetric Service of Augmented Reality Big Data on Smart Devices

Following recent technological advances in diverse mobile devices, including smartphones, tablets and smartwatches, in-depth studies aimed at improving the quality of augmented reality (AR) are currently ongoing. Smartphones feature the essential elements of AR implementation, such as a camera, a processor and a display in a single device. As a result, additional hardware expansion for AR implementation has become unnecessary, popularizing AR technology at the user level. In the early stages, low-level AR technology was used mainly in limited fields, including simple road guides and marker-based recognition. Due to advances in AR technology, the range of usage has expanded as diverse technologies and purposes are combined. Users’ expectations of AR technology have also increased with this trend, and a high quality of service (QoS), with high-resolution, high-quality images, is now available. However, there are limitations in terms of processing speed and graphic treatment with smart devices, which, due to their small size, have inferior performance compared to the desktop environment when processing data for the implementation of high-resolution, high-quality images. This paper proposes an optional frame-selection algorithm (OFSA), which eliminates the unnecessary work involved with redundant frames during rendering for adaptive symmetric service of augmented reality big data on smart devices. Moreover, the memory read-write delay of the internally-operating OFSA, is minimized by adding an adaptive operation function. It is possible to provide adaptive common AR images at an improved frame rate in heterogeneous smart devices with different levels of performance.
MaxWeight Scheduling

The model is a "generalized switch", serving multiple traffic flows in discrete time. The switch uses MaxWeight algorithm to make a service decision (scheduling choice) at each time step, which determines the probability distribution of the amount of service that will be provided. We are primarily motivated by the following question: in the heavy traffic regime, when the switch load approaches critical level, will the service processes provided to each flow remain "smooth" (i.e., without large gaps in service)? Addressing this question reduces to the analysis of the asymptotic behavior of the unscaled queue-differential process in heavy traffic. We prove that the stationary regime of this process converges to that of a positive recurrent Markov chain, whose structure we explicitly describe. This in turn implies asymptotic "smoothness" of the service processes.
Parallel schedule synthesis for attribute grammars

We examine how to synthesize a parallel schedule of structured traversals over trees. In our system, programs are declaratively specified as attribute grammars. Our synthesizer automatically, correctly, and quickly schedules the attribute grammar as a composition of parallel tree traversals. Our downstream compiler optimizes for GPUs and multicore CPUs. We provide support for designing efficient schedules. First, we introduce a declarative language of schedules where programmers may constrain any part of the schedule and the synthesizer will complete and autotune the rest. Furthermore, the synthesizer answers debugging queries about how schedules may be completed. We evaluate our approach with two case studies. First, we created the first parallel schedule for a large fragment of CSS and report a 3X multicore speedup. Second, we created an interactive GPU-accelerated animation of over 100,000 nodes.
A new way to weigh Malnourished Euclidean graphs

In this paper, we show that any Euclidean graph over a set V of n points in k-dimensional space that satisfies either the leapfrog property or the isolation property has small weight, i.e., has weight O(1) . wt(SMT), where SMT is a Steiner minimal tree of V. Both the leapfrog property as well as the isolation property constrain the way the edges of the graph are configured in space. Our main application is to prove that certain Euclidean graphs known as t-spanners can be constructed with optimal weight of O(1) + wt(SMT), an intriguing open problem that has attracted much attention recently. The main tool in obtaining the above weight bounds is a theorem that proves the existence of long edges in a Steiner minimal tree on a restricted set of points in k-dimensional space. We also generalize this theorem for Steiner minimal trees on arbitrary point sets. Since very little is known about high-dimensional Steiner minimal trees, these results are of independent interest.
Bearing currents in doubly-fed induction generators

An increasing demand on the quality of wind power systems affects also more and more the fields of lifetime and reliability. But, problems like bearing damages because of bearing currents counteract these desired demands. Especially doubly fed induction generators, which are wide spread in use for wind turbines up to the MW-class can be limited in reliability because of the mentioned problem. Hereby, the rotor-side feeding by IGBT voltage source inverters causes an uprise of bearing currents. Unfortunately, this parasitic effect, well known from stator-side inverter-fed machines, is different and maybe even worse since the capacitive voltage divider, responsible for the transfer of the common mode voltage to the bearings, differs to a great extend. The analysis of bearing current circuits given in this paper will help to explain these differences. Moreover, some fundamental model characteristics of doubly-fed induction generators is mentioned in order to give hints for measures against bearing currents. Measured effects gained from a 1.5 MW generator support these investigations and evaluate the efficiency or the problems of measures for decreasing bearing currents
Appearance of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (MCP-1) Early After Thermal Injury: Role in the Subsequent Development of Burn-Associated Type 2 T-Cell Responses

ObjectiveTo determine whether monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which initiates subsequent development of burn-associated type 2 T cells, is produced in mice early after thermal injury. Summary Background DataA predominance of type 2 T-cell responses is commonly observed in animals and patients with severe thermal injuries. Burn-associated type 2 T cells have been identified as the cells responsible for the increased susceptibility of thermally injured mice to infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 and Candida albicans. Recently, the necessity of MCP-1 for the generation of type 2 T cells was shown in MCP-1 knockout mice. MCP-1 may have an important role in the increased susceptibility of thermally injured mice to various intracellular opportunistic pathogens. MethodsThe production of MCP-1 in sera or in cultures of various cells prepared from thermally injured mice was measured. Dual-chamber transwell cultures were performed to determine the influence of MCP-1-producing cells on the generation of burn-associated type 2 T cells. ResultsWithout any stimulation, splenic macrophages from mice (1/2D-M&phgr;) produced MCP-1 into their culture fluids 12 hours after thermal injury. Interleukin-4 was detected in culture fluids of splenic T cells from normal mice cultured with 1/2D-M&phgr; in a dual-chamber transwell system; however, this cytokine was not produced by normal T cells cultured with normal macrophages in the transwells. Also, normal T cells cultured with 1/2D-M&phgr; did not produce interleukin-4 when transwell cultures were performed in the presence of anti-MCP-1 monoclonal antibody. Further, normal T cells directly stimulated with MCP-1 produced interleukin-4 into their culture fluids. Normal T cells, cultured with 1/2D-M&phgr; for 24 hours in the transwells and recultured with fresh medium for an additional 7 days, produced interleukin-10 (but not interferon-&ggr;) and expressed ST2L mRNA (but not interleukin-12 receptor &bgr;2 chain) when they were stimulated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. ConclusionsResults indicate that MCP-1 is produced in mice within 1 day of thermal injury, and the subsequent development of burn-associated type 2 T-cell responses may be triggered by MCP-1 produced early after thermal injury.
Analysis of Transcripts from Intracellular Stages of Eimeria acervulina Using Expressed Sequence Tags

Coccidiosis in chickens is caused by 7 species of Eimeria. Even though coccidiosis is a complex disease that can be caused by any combination of these species, most of the molecular research concerning chicken coccidiosis has been limited to Eimeria tenella. The present study describes the first large-scale analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated primarily from second-stage merozoites (and schizonts) of E. acervulina. In total, 1,847 ESTs were sequenced; these represent 1,026 unique sequences. Approximately half of the ESTs encode proteins of unknown function, or hypothetical proteins. Twenty-nine percent of the E. acervulina ESTs share significant sequence identity with sequences in the E. tenella genome. Additionally, EST hits seem to be much different compared with those of E. tenella. One of the differences is the very low number of ESTs that encode putative microneme proteins. This study underlines the potential differences in the molecular aspects of 2 Eimeria species that in the past were thought to be highly similar in nature.
Mechanism of IL-4-Mediated Up-Regulation of the Polymeric Ig Receptor: Role of STAT6 in Cell Type-Specific Delayed Transcriptional Response1

The polymeric IgR (pIgR) mediates transport of dimeric IgA and pentameric IgM across mucosal epithelia, thereby generating secretory Abs. Its expression is up-regulated at the transcriptional level by IL-4 in HT-29 cells. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-4 mediates up-regulation of human pIgR through a 554-bp IL-4-responsive enhancer in intron 1. Mutation of a binding site for STAT-6 within this region abolished IL-4-induced enhancement, while an adjacent putative C/EBP site was dispensable. IL-4 treatment induced binding of STAT6 to the intronic STAT6 site, but cooperation with nearby upstream and downstream DNA elements was required for IL-4 responsiveness. Furthermore, IL-4-mediated increased transcription of the pIgR-derived enhancer, like the endogenous pIgR gene, required de novo protein synthesis. Interestingly, a conditionally active form of STAT6 sufficed to activate a pIgR-derived enhancer in HT-29 cells, but not in Cos-1 cells, suggesting a requirement for cell type-specific factors. Thus, STAT6 activation mediates a delayed transcriptional enhancement of pIgR by induction of a de novo synthesized protein that cooperates with STAT6 itself bound to its cognate DNA element in intron 1. This mechanism may represent a general strategy for how pleiotropic cytokines elicit cell type-specific transcriptional responses.
On paternalistic leadership fit: exploring cross-cultural endorsement, leader-follower fit, and the boundary role of organizational culture

Although cross-cultural leadership research has thrived in international business literature, little attention has been devoted to understanding the effectiveness of nonwestern theories beyond their original contexts. The purpose of this study is to examine the cross-cultural endorsement of paternalistic leadership, an emerging non-western leadership theory, using data from GLOBE project. Using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses we found measurement equivalence of a scale derived from GLOBE’s data, which enabled us to compare the endorsement of paternalistic leadership dimensions across 10 cultural clusters and 55 societies. Our study revealed that there are significant differences in the importance societies give to each dimension, suggesting that paternalism as leadership style is not universally nor homogeneously endorsed. Furthermore, results suggest that different patterns of endorsement of each of these dimensions give rise to idiosyncratic shades of paternalistic leadership across societies. Implications for theory and future research on international business are discussed.
Network complexity as a measure of information processing across resting-state networks: evidence from the Human Connectome Project

An emerging field of research focused on fluctuations in brain signals has provided evidence that the complexity of those signals, as measured by entropy, conveys important information about network dynamics (e.g., local and distributed processing). While much research has focused on how neural complexity differs in populations with different age groups or clinical disorders, substantially less research has focused on the basic understanding of neural complexity in populations with young and healthy brain states. The present study used resting-state fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project (Van Essen et al., 2013) to test the extent that neural complexity in the BOLD signal, as measured by multiscale entropy (1) would differ from random noise, (2) would differ between four major resting-state networks previously associated with higher-order cognition, and (3) would be associated with the strength and extent of functional connectivity—a complementary method of estimating information processing. We found that complexity in the BOLD signal exhibited different patterns of complexity from white, pink, and red noise and that neural complexity was differentially expressed between resting-state networks, including the default mode, cingulo-opercular, left and right frontoparietal networks. Lastly, neural complexity across all networks was negatively associated with functional connectivity at fine scales, but was positively associated with functional connectivity at coarse scales. The present study is the first to characterize neural complexity in BOLD signals at a high temporal resolution and across different networks and might help clarify the inconsistencies between neural complexity and functional connectivity, thus informing the mechanisms underlying neural complexity.
Description of the two strains of turkey coccidia Eimeria adenoeides with remarkable morphological variability

SUMMARY Although oocyst morphology was always considered as a reliable parameter for coccidian species discrimination we describe strain variation of turkey coccidia, Eimeria adenoeides, which remarkably exceeds the variation observed in any other Eimeria species. Two strains have been isolated – the first strain maintains the typical oocyst morphology attributed to this species – large and ellipsoidal – while the second strain has small and ovoid oocysts, never described before for this species. Other biological parameters including pathogenicity were found to be similar. Cross-protection between these 2 strains in 2 immunization and challenge experiments was confirmed. Sequencing and analysis of 18S and ITS1 ribosomal DNA revealed a close relationship according to 18S and a relatively distant relationship according to ITS1. Analysis of 18S and ITS1 sequences from commercial turkey coccidiosis vaccines Immucox®-T and Coccivac®-T revealed that each vaccine contains a different strain of E. adenoeides and that these strains have 18S and ITS1 sequences homologous to the sequences of the strains we have isolated and described. These findings show that diagnostics of turkey coccidia according to oocyst morphology have to be carried out with caution or abolished entirely. Novel PCR-based molecular tools will be necessary for fast and reliable species discrimination.
Analysis of Micronuclear, Macronuclear and cDNA Sequences Encoding the Regulatory Subunit of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase of Euplotes octocarinatus: Evidence for a Ribosomal Frameshift

Abstract We have isolated and characterized the micronuclear gene encoding the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase of the ciliated protozoan Euplotes octocarinatus, as well as its macronuclear version and the corresponding cDNA. Analyses of the sequences revealed that the micronuclear gene contains one small 69-bp internal eliminated sequence (IES) that is removed during macronuclear development. The IES is located in the 5′-noncoding region of the micronuclear gene and is flanked by a pair of tetra-nucleotide 5′-TACA-3′ direct repeats. The macronuclear DNA molecule carrying this gene is approximately 1400 bp long and is amplified to about 2000 copies per macronucleus. Sequence analysis suggests that the expression of this gene requires a +1 ribosomal frameshift. The deduced protein shares 31% identity with the cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I regulatory subunit of Homo sapiens, and 53% identity with the regulatory subunit R44 of one of the two cAMP-dependent protein kinases of Paramecium. In addition, it contains two highly conserved cAMP binding sites in the C-terminal domain. The putative autophosphorylation site ARTSV of the regulatory subunit of E. octocarinatus is similar to that of the regulatory subunit R44 of Paramecium but distinct from the consensus motif RRXSZ of other eukaryotic regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinases.
Good modeling practice for PAT applications: Propagation of input uncertainty and sensitivity analysis

The uncertainty and sensitivity analysis are evaluated for their usefulness as part of the model‐building within Process Analytical Technology applications. A mechanistic model describing a batch cultivation of Streptomyces coelicolor for antibiotic production was used as case study. The input uncertainty resulting from assumptions of the model was propagated using the Monte Carlo procedure to estimate the output uncertainty. The results showed that significant uncertainty exists in the model outputs. Moreover the uncertainty in the biomass, glucose, ammonium and base‐consumption were found low compared to the large uncertainty observed in the antibiotic and off‐gas CO2 predictions. The output uncertainty was observed to be lower during the exponential growth phase, while higher in the stationary and death phases ‐ meaning the model describes some periods better than others. To understand which input parameters are responsible for the output uncertainty, three sensitivity methods (Standardized Regression Coefficients, Morris and differential analysis) were evaluated and compared. The results from these methods were mostly in agreement with each other and revealed that only few parameters (about 10) out of a total 56 were mainly responsible for the output uncertainty. Among these significant parameters, one finds parameters related to fermentation characteristics such as biomass metabolism, chemical equilibria and mass‐transfer. Overall the uncertainty and sensitivity analysis are found promising for helping to build reliable mechanistic models and to interpret the model outputs properly. These tools make part of good modeling practice, which can contribute to successful PAT applications for increased process understanding, operation and control purposes. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2009
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) Protects Oligpdendrocyte and Promotes Hindlimb Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Background Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a protein that stimulates differentiation, proliferation, and survival of cells in the granulocytic lineage. Recently, a neuroprotective effect of G-CSF was reported in a model of cerebral infarction and we previously reported the same effect in studies of murine spinal cord injury (SCI). The aim of the present study was to elucidate the potential therapeutic effect of G-CSF for SCI in rats. Methods Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the present study. Contusive SCI was introduced using the Infinite Horizon Impactor (magnitude: 200 kilodyne). Recombinant human G-CSF (15.0 µg/kg) was administered by tail vein injection at 1 h after surgery and daily the next four days. The vehicle control rats received equal volumes of normal saline at the same time points. Results Using a contusive SCI model to examine the neuroprotective potential of G-CSF, we found that G-CSF suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1 beta and TNF- alpha) in mRNA and protein levels. Histological assessment with luxol fast blue staining revealed that the area of white matter spared in the injured spinal cord was significantly larger in G-CSF-treated rats. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that G-CSF promoted up-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-Xl on oligpodendrocytes and suppressed apoptosis of oligodendrocytes after SCI. Moreover, administration of G-CSF promoted better functional recovery of hind limbs. Conclusions G-CSF protects oligodendrocyte from SCI-induced cell death via the suppression of inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein. As a result, G-CSF attenuates white matter loss and promotes hindlimb functional recovery.
A Phonetic Account of the Current Inventory and Ongoing Changes of Korean Diphthongs

This research attempts to explain the current inventory and ongoing monophthongizing changes of Korean diphthongs on the basis of Ohala's (1992; 1993) phonetic explanation models of sound change and restrictions on sound sequences. This paper claims that in the history of Korean, perceptual factors have played an important role in the selection and shaping of diphthongs. To support this argument, perceptual distances between the component segments of all the combinationally possible diphthongal sequences of Korean are calculated. It is shown that the seven least acoustically-modulated and perceptually-salient diphthongal sequences are either nonexistent in the diphthongal inventory or presently undergoing monophthongization in Korean. This paper also shows that the phonetic, perceptual account of diphthongal cooccurrence restrictions in Korean is more effective and principled than the OCP-based phonological account.
Preservice Teachers’ Content Knowledge of Function Concept within a Contextual Environment

Preservice Teachers’ Content Knowledge of Function Concept within a Contextual Environment. (August 2011) Irving Anthony Brown, B.S., Lamar University; M.S., Tarleton State University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Gerald O. Kulm Dr. Dennie L. Smith The overarching goal of this dissertation research was to develop and measure the psychometric properties of an instrument to assess preservice teachers’ content knowledge of the function concept embedded in contextual problems. This goal was accomplished through two research projects described in two studies. The first study reports on the collective case study that was used to pilot test the instrument and the second study details the rationale used in item selection and the psychometric properties of the new instrument. Unlike existing research studies that examine a broad range of function related topics using various forms of symbolic, tabular, and graphical representations as the basis for questions and problems, this study focused solely on function problems immersed in various real world contexts. Since this is not a common approach to measuring content knowledge of the function concept, the existing instruments in published studies were not found to be suitable for this specialized purpose. The psychometric measurements of the instrument did not suggest that the instrument was valid or reliable so more research will be required to validate the instrument. However, based on the preliminary results from testing, several potential