Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of DA-Bi-SRU and Improved RoBERTa Model in Entity Relationship Extraction for High-Speed Train Bogie

Due to the large number of professional terms and complex entity relationships in the field of high-speed train (HST) bogie, the accuracy of entity relationship extraction is low. In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of entity relationship extraction in high-speed train bogie domain, we propose a novel entity relationship extraction model for the domain of high-speed train (HST) bogie with the aim of improving the efficiency and accuracy of entity relationship extraction. The proposed model is based on RoBERTa-wwm (A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach with Whole Word Masking) and DA-Bi-SRU (Double-Attention-Based Bidirectional Simple Recurrent Unit). To facilitate this, we construct a new bogie relation extraction dataset comprising of 25,000 statements collected from literature and professional annotations. The RoBERTa-wwm is employed to obtain dynamic word vectors from the input statements and optimized using the bogie dataset. Subsequently, a Bi-SRU model based on dual attention mechanism is developed to capture bidirectional semantic information and contextual semantic linkage in a rapid manner. Our experiments show that the RoBERTa-wwm-DA-Bi-SRU model outperforms Bi-LSTM and RNN methods with a prediction accuracy of 88.53% and an F1 value of 86.60%. Our proposed model thus demonstrates the potential to accurately extract entity relationships in the bogie knowledge graph of high-speed trains, simplifying the construction process.
Verifiable Auditing for Outsourced Database in Cloud Computing

The notion of database outsourcing enables the data owner to delegate the database management to a cloud service provider (CSP) that provides various database services to different users. Recently, plenty of research work has been done on the primitive of outsourced database. However, it seems that no existing solutions can perfectly support the properties of both correctness and completeness for the query results, especially in the case when the dishonest CSP intentionally returns an empty set for the query request of the user. In this paper, we propose a new verifiable auditing scheme for outsourced database, which can simultaneously achieve the correctness and completeness of search results even if the dishonest CSP purposely returns an empty set. Furthermore, we can prove that our construction can achieve the desired security properties even in the encrypted outsourced database. Besides, the proposed scheme can be extended to support the dynamic database setting by incorporating the notion of verifiable database with updates.
Postmenopausal hormone therapy and body composition--a substudy of the estrogen plus progestin trial of the Women's Health Initiative.

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that hormone therapy may help counter undesirable changes in body composition in older women. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to test whether estrogen plus progestin (E+P) therapy favorably affects age-related changes in body composition in postmenopausal women. DESIGN The substudy was composed of 835 women from the estrogen plus progestin trial of the Women's Health Initiative who were randomly assigned to receive either E+P therapy (n = 437) or placebo (n = 398). The women had a mean age of 63.1 y and, on average, were 13.8 y past menopause. More than 17% of the participants were from an ethnic minority. No significant differences in baseline body composition (measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) by intervention assignment were observed. RESULTS After 3 y of intervention, the women who received active E+P therapy lost less lean soft tissue mass (-0.04 kg) than did the women who received placebo (-0.44 kg; P = 0.001). Additionally, the women in the E+P group had less upper-body fat distribution than did the women in the placebo group (change in ratio of trunk to leg fat mass: -0.025 for the E+P group and 0.004 for the placebo group; P = 0.003). A sensitivity analysis, which was conducted on the women who took > or = 80% of the study medication during the intervention period, corroborated the findings from the intent-to-treat analysis. CONCLUSIONS A 3-y E+P intervention significantly reduced both the loss of lean soft tissue mass and the ratio of trunk to leg fat mass in postmenopausal women. However, the effect sizes were small, and whether these changes in body composition lead to significant health benefits remains to be confirmed.
Molecular basis of fatty acid taste in Drosophila

Behavioral studies have established that Drosophila appetitive taste responses towards fatty acids are mediated by sweet sensing Gustatory Receptor Neurons (GRNs). Here we show that sweet GRN activation requires the function of the Ionotropic Receptor genes IR25a, IR76b and IR56d. The former two IR genes are expressed in several neurons per sensillum, while IR56d expression is restricted to sweet GRNs. Importantly, loss of appetitive behavioral responses to fatty acids in IR25a and IR76b mutant flies can be completely rescued by expression of respective transgenes in sweet GRNs. Interestingly, appetitive behavioral responses of wild type flies to hexanoic acid reach a plateau at ~1%, but decrease with higher concentration, a property mediated through IR25a/IR76b independent activation of bitter GRNs. With our previous report on sour taste, our studies suggest that IR-based receptors mediate different taste qualities through cell-type specific IR subunits.
Common Drugs for Stabilization of Renal Function in the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy and Their Relations with Hypertension Therapy.

INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by hypertension, progressive albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis and declines in glomerular filtration rate leading to end stage renal disease. Although the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is not fully understood, current treatment of the patients with diabetic nephropathy is mainly based upon the control of hyperglycaemia and management of blood pressures. BACKGROUND Several drugs, which are originally developed for hypertension therapy, have been adopted for stabilization of renal function in diabetic nephropathy. In this review, we first discussed the relationships between diabetic nephropathy and hypertension particularly in the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system. We then summarized chemical structures, pharmacological characteristics and clinical studies of the common drugs used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy, while these drugs have effects against hypertension. CONCLUSION This review may provide the constructive information for further drug development in diabetic nephropathy.
DYRK1A regulates Hap1–Dcaf7/WDR68 binding with implication for delayed growth in Down syndrome

Significance Postnatal growth retardation is a Down syndrome (DS) phenotype, but its mechanism is unknown. Our previous studies have shown that Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (Hap1) is important for the postnatal growth of mice. Here we report that Hap1 binds DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 7 (Dcaf7) competitively in the cytoplasm with dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), a protein implicated in DS. Loss of Hap1 in the hypothalamus, which can impair postnatal growth, is associated with increased levels of DYRK1A. Transgenic DS mice overexpressing DYRK1A show reduced Hap1–Dcaf7 association in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, the overexpression of DYRK1A in the hypothalamus led to delayed growth in postnatal mice, suggesting that DYRK1A regulates the Hap1–Dcaf7 interaction and postnatal growth and that targeting Hap1 or Dcaf7 may ameliorate growth retardation in DS. Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (Hap1) is known to be critical for postnatal hypothalamic function and growth. Hap1 forms stigmoid bodies (SBs), unique neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions of unknown function that are enriched in hypothalamic neurons. Here we developed a simple strategy to isolate the SB-enriched fraction from mouse brain. By analyzing Hap1 immunoprecipitants from this fraction, we identified a Hap1-interacting SB component, DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 7 (Dcaf7)/WD40 repeat 68 (WDR68), whose protein level and nuclear translocation are regulated by Hap1. Moreover, we found that Hap1 bound Dcaf7 competitively in cytoplasm with dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), a protein implicated in Down syndrome (DS). Depleting Hap1 promoted the DYRK1A–Dcaf7 interaction and increased the DYRK1A protein level. Transgenic DS mice overexpressing DYRK1A showed reduced Hap1–Dcaf7 association in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, the overexpression of DYRK1A in the hypothalamus led to delayed growth in postnatal mice, suggesting that DYRK1A regulates the Hap1–Dcaf7 interaction and postnatal growth and that targeting Hap1 or Dcaf7 could ameliorate growth retardation in DS.
The adverse effects of reduced cerebral perfusion on cognition and brain structure in older adults with cardiovascular disease

It is well established that aging and vascular processes interact to disrupt cerebral hemodynamics in older adults. However, the independent effects of cerebral perfusion on neurocognitive function among older adults remain poorly understood. We examined the associations among cerebral perfusion, cognitive function, and brain structure in older adults with varying degrees of vascular disease using perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) arterial spin labeling (ASL).
Prostaglandin E2 Indicates Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is soon predicted to become the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide. After the primary injury, a complex set of secondary injuries develops hours and days later with prolonged neuroinflammation playing a key role. TBI and other inflammatory conditions are currently being treated in preclinical and clinical trials by a number of cellular therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are of great interest due to their widespread usage, safety, and relative ease to isolate and culture. However, there has been a wide range in efficacy reported using MSC clinically and in preclinical models, likely due to differences in cell preparations and a significant amount of donor variability. In this study, we seek to find a correlation between in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy. We designed assays to explore the responsiveness of MSC to immunological cues to address the immunomodulatory properties of MSC, one of their primary modes of therapeutic activity in TBI. Our results showed intrinsic differences in the immunomodulatory capacity of MSC preparations from different bone marrow and amniotic fluid donors. This difference mirrored the therapeutic capacity of the MSC in an experimental model of TBI, an effect confirmed using siRNA knockdown of COX2 followed by overexpressing COX2. Among the immunomodulatory factors assessed, the therapeutic benefit correlated with the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by MSC prior to treatment, suggesting that measurement of PGE2 could be a very useful potency marker to create an index of predicted efficacy for preparations of MSC to treat TBI. Stem Cells 2017;35:1416–1430
Walking and Running Require Greater Effort from the Ankle than the Knee Extensor Muscles.

INTRODUCTION The knee and ankle extensors as human primary antigravity muscle groups are of utmost importance in a wide range of locomotor activities. Yet, we know surprisingly little about how these muscle groups work, and specifically, how close to their maximal capacities they function across different modes and intensity of locomotion. Therefore, to advance our understanding of locomotor constraints, we determined and compared relative operating efforts of the knee and ankle extensors during walking, running, and sprinting. METHODS Using an inverse dynamics biomechanical analysis, the muscle forces of the knee and ankle extensors during walking (1.6 m·s), running (4.1 m·s), and sprinting (9.3 m·s) were quantified and then related to maximum forces of the same muscle groups obtained from a reference hopping test that permitted natural elastic limb behavior. RESULTS During walking, the relative effort of the ankle extensors was almost two times greater compared with the knee extensors (35% ± 6% vs 19% ± 5%, P < 0.001). Changing walking to running decreased the difference in the relative effort between the extensor muscle groups, but still, the ankle extensors operated at a 25% greater level than the knee extensors (84% ± 12% vs 63% ± 17%, P < 0.05). At top speed sprinting, the ankle extensors reached their maximum operating level, whereas the knee extensors still worked well below their limits, showing a 25% lower relative effort compared with the ankle extensors (96% ± 11% vs 72% ± 19%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the mode of locomotion, humans operate at a much greater relative effort at the ankle than knee extensor muscles. As a consequence, the great demand on ankle extensors may be a key biomechanical factor limiting our locomotor ability and influencing the way we locomote and adapt to accommodate compromised neuromuscular system function.
Prevalent presence of periodic actin–spectrin-based membrane skeleton in a broad range of neuronal cell types and animal species

Significance Actin, spectrin, and associated molecules form a submembrane periodic skeleton structure in neurons. In this study, we demonstrate that this membrane-associated periodic skeleton (MPS) is present in a broad range of neuronal cell types cultured from the central and peripheral nervous systems of rodents. The MPS structure is preferentially formed in axons compared with dendrites and is differentially regulated at the pre- and postsynaptic sites of neurons. Our data also suggest that MPS is conserved across a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate animal species. Actin, spectrin, and associated molecules form a periodic, submembrane cytoskeleton in the axons of neurons. For a better understanding of this membrane-associated periodic skeleton (MPS), it is important to address how prevalent this structure is in different neuronal types, different subcellular compartments, and across different animal species. Here, we investigated the organization of spectrin in a variety of neuronal- and glial-cell types. We observed the presence of MPS in all of the tested neuronal types cultured from mouse central and peripheral nervous systems, including excitatory and inhibitory neurons from several brain regions, as well as sensory and motor neurons. Quantitative analyses show that MPS is preferentially formed in axons in all neuronal types tested here: Spectrin shows a long-range, periodic distribution throughout all axons but appears periodic only in a small fraction of dendrites, typically in the form of isolated patches in subregions of these dendrites. As in dendrites, we also observed patches of periodic spectrin structures in a small fraction of glial-cell processes in four types of glial cells cultured from rodent tissues. Interestingly, despite its strong presence in the axonal shaft, MPS is disrupted in most presynaptic boutons but is present in an appreciable fraction of dendritic spine necks, including some projecting from dendrites where such a periodic structure is not observed in the shaft. Finally, we found that spectrin is capable of adopting a similar periodic organization in neurons of a variety of animal species, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, Gallus gallus, Mus musculus, and Homo sapiens.
Association of serum levels of transforming growth factor b1 with disease severity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

1Departments of Hepatology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen Al-Kom 32511, Egypt. 2Departments of Oncology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen Al-Kom 32511, Egypt. 3Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen Al-Kom 32511, Egypt. 4Departments of Epidemiology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen Al-Kom 32511, Egypt.
Preparation of sodium ligninsulfonate‐layered double hydroxide and its effects on wood flour/polypropylene composites during accelerated UV weathering

In this study, Mg3Al-NO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) and sodium ligninsulfonate-layered double hydroxide (LDH-SL) complex were successfully synthesized. Then, 1wt% of LDH, sodium ligninsulfonate (SL), and LDH-SL were mixed directly with wood flour and polypropylene to make wood flour/polypropylene (WF/PP) composites, respectively. Four groups of samples were made and exposed in a QUV accelerated weathering tester for a total of 960 h. The changes in their surface color and mechanical properties were tested, accompanied by characterizations using UV–Vis, SEM, and ATR-FTIR. The results showed that (1) composites containing LDH-SL exhibited less color change, fewer surface cracks, better thermal stability, and less losses of mechanical properties than other groups during weathering; (2) LDH-SL was proved to be an effective organic/inorganic UV-blocking material, with both physical shielding effect and chemical absorption of UV light; (3) ATR-FTIR results showed that LDH-SL alleviated the photodegradation of WPCs during weathering, confirming its antioxidant activity. POLYM. COMPOS. , 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Enhancement of encapsulation efficiency of nanoemulsion-containing aripiprazole for the treatment of schizophrenia using mixture experimental design

Aripiprazole is considered as a third-generation antipsychotic drug with excellent therapeutic efficacy in controlling schizophrenia symptoms and was the first atypical anti-psychotic agent to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Formulation of nanoemulsion-containing aripiprazole was carried out using high shear and high pressure homogenizers. Mixture experimental design was selected to optimize the composition of nanoemulsion. A very small droplet size of emulsion can provide an effective encapsulation for delivery system in the body. The effects of palm kernel oil ester (3–6 wt%), lecithin (2–3 wt%), Tween 80 (0.5–1 wt%), glycerol (1.5–3 wt%), and water (87–93 wt%) on the droplet size of aripiprazole nanoemulsions were investigated. The mathematical model showed that the optimum formulation for preparation of aripiprazole nanoemulsion having the desirable criteria was 3.00% of palm kernel oil ester, 2.00% of lecithin, 1.00% of Tween 80, 2.25% of glycerol, and 91.75% of water. Under optimum formulation, the corresponding predicted response value for droplet size was 64.24 nm, which showed an excellent agreement with the actual value (62.23 nm) with residual standard error <3.2%.
Supine Lateral Bending Radiographs Predict the Initial In-brace Correction of the Providence Brace in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Study Design. Retrospective, cross-sectional. Objective. To determine the initial curve correction of the providence brace (PB) and to determine to what extend the in-brace Cobb angle corresponds to the curve seen on supine lateral bending radiographs (SLBR). Summary of Background Data. SLBR are used to assess curve flexibility in patients undergoing surgical treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). A low rate of in-brace correction (IBC) has been associated with a higher risk of curve progression, but to what extent SLBR can be used to predict IBC before initiating bracing treatment is unknown. Methods. All patients with AIS treated with the PB from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2013 with a major curve of 25 to 45 degrees° were included. Cobb angle on SLBR before treatment and on initial standing, in-brace radiograph (IBR) were measured twice for each patient by one observer 30 days apart. Using a repeated measure mixed effect model, mean difference and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) between Cobb angles on each type of radiograph were estimated. Correction index (CI) was calculated as: curve flexibility (%)/curve correction (%). Results. A total of 127 patients were included. Mean long-standing Cobb angle was 35° (SD: 6°), which was reduced to mean 13° (SD: 8) on IBR (P < 0.05). No difference in curve correction between curve types was found when adjusting for flexibility using correction index (P = 0.77). Overall mean difference between SLBR and IBR was 0.2° (LOA ± 10°). Mean difference for thoracic curves was 0.2° (LOA ± 8°), for thoracolumbar/lumbar curves 0.9° (LOA ± 10°) and for double major curves 0.4° (LOA ± 16). Conclusion. SLBR provide a close estimation to the expected in-brace correction with a mean difference of less than one degree. SLRB could potentially serve as prognostic parameter for curve progression before initiating brace treatment. Level of Evidence: 3
A Real-Time Method for Decoding the Neural Drive to Muscles Using Single-Channel Intra-Muscular EMG Recordings

The neural command from motor neurons to muscles - sometimes referred to as the neural drive to muscle - can be identified by decomposition of electromyographic (EMG) signals. This approach can be used for inferring the voluntary commands in neural interfaces in patients with limb amputations. This paper proposes for the first time an innovative method for fully automatic and real-time intramuscular EMG (iEMG) decomposition. The method is based on online single-pass density-based clustering and adaptive classification of bivariate features, using the concept of potential measure. No attempt was made to resolve superimposed motor unit action potentials. The proposed algorithm was validated on sets of simulated and experimental iEMG signals. Signals were recorded from the biceps femoris long-head, vastus medialis and lateralis and tibialis anterior muscles during low-to-moderate isometric constant-force and linearly-varying force contractions. The average number of missed, duplicated and erroneous clusters for the examined signals was [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], respectively. The average decomposition accuracy (defined similar to signal detection theory but without using True Negatives in the denominator) and coefficient of determination (variance accounted for) for the cumulative discharge rate estimation were [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], respectively. The time cost for processing each 200[Formula: see text]ms iEMG interval was [Formula: see text] (21-97)[Formula: see text]ms. However, computational time generally increases over time as a function of frames/signal epochs. Meanwhile, the incremental accuracy defined as the accuracy of real-time analysis of each signal epoch, was [Formula: see text]% for epochs recorded after initial one second. The proposed algorithm is thus a promising new tool for neural decoding in the next-generation of prosthetic control.
Micro Grid Frame of Electroless Deposited Co-P Magnetic Tubes

The morphology and magnetic characterization results of electroless deposited CoP coating on the copper microgrid with the mesh size of 50 microns are presented and discussed. The deposited coating is found to be well uniform by the thickness. Magnetic anisotropy in the plane of the grid has been studied by the hysteresis loops and the FMR spectra and discussed with the modeling of the grid as the frame grid system of magnetic tubes.