Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of the diameter of vertical nanowire-tunnel FETs with Si and SiGe source composition on analog parameters

In this work, the impact of the diameter on vertical nanowire Tunnel FETs analog parameters is evaluated experimentally and by numerical simulation, comparing two different source compositions, one with Si and another with Si73Ge27. The SiGe source device presents a higher tunneling current when compared with the Si source device, resulting in an increase of both transconductance (gm) and output conductance (gD). For a diameter (Def) higher than 70nm, the reduction of Def decreases both gm and gD due to the decrease of the conducting area. In order to extrapolate the results for smaller diameters, some numerical simulations were performed and show that the predominant transport mechanism for 30 nm diameter is band-to-band tunneling (BTBT), which are more drain voltage dependent. As a result, a strong degradation of gD and intrinsic voltage gain (Av) was observed due to the increase of the generation rate by the enhanced tunneling.
Cardiovascular disease risk scores in identifying future frailty: the Whitehall II prospective cohort study

Objectives To examine the capacity of existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk algorithms widely used in primary care, to predict frailty. Design Prospective cohort study. Risk algorithms at baseline (1997–1999) were the Framingham CVD, coronary heart disease and stroke risk scores, and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation. Setting Civil Service departments in London, UK. Participants 3895 participants (73% men) aged 45–69 years and free of CVD at baseline. Main outcome measure Status of frailty at the end of follow-up (2007–2009), based on the following indicators: self-reported exhaustion, low physical activity, slow walking speed, low grip strength and weight loss. Results At the end of the follow-up, 2.8% (n=108) of the sample was classified as frail. All four CVD risk scores were associated with future risk of developing frailty, with ORs per one SD increment in the score ranging from 1.35 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.51) for the Framingham stroke score to 1.42 (1.23 to 1.62) for the Framingham CVD score. These associations remained after excluding incident CVD cases. For comparison, the corresponding ORs for the risk scores and incident cardiovascular events varied between 1.36 (1.15 to 1.61) and 1.64 (1.50 to 1.80) depending on the risk algorithm. Conclusions The use of CVD risk scores in clinical practice may also have utility for frailty prediction.
A review of experimental measurements of effective diffusive permeabilities and effective diffusion coefficients in biofilms

Experimental measurements of effective diffusive permeabilities and effective diffusion coefficients in biofilms are reviewed. Effective diffusive permeabilities, the parameter appropriate to the analysis of reaction‐diffusion interactions, depend on solute type and biofilm density. Three categories of solute physical chemistry with distinct diffusive properties were distinguished by the present analysis. In order of descending mean relative effective diffusive permeability (De/Daq) these were inorganic anions or cations (0.56), nonpolar solutes with molecular weights of 44 or less (0.43), and organic solutes of molecular weight greater than 44 (0.29). Effective diffusive permeabilities decrease sharply with increasing biomass volume fraction suggesting a serial resistance model of diffusion in biofilms as proposed by Hinson and Kocher (1996). A conceptual model of biofilm structure is proposed in which each cell is surrounded by a restricted permeability envelope. Effective diffusion coefficients, which are appropriate to the analysis of transient penetration of nonreactive solutes, are generally similar to effective diffusive permeabilities in biofilms of similar composition. In three studies that examine diffusion of very large molecular weight solutes ( > 5000) in biofilms, the average ratio of the relative effective diffusion coefficient of the large solute to the relative effective diffusion coefficient of either sucrose or fluorescein was 0.64, 0.61, and 0.36. It is proposed that large solutes are effectively excluded from microbial cells, that small solutes partition into and diffuse within cells, and that ionic solutes are excluded from cells but exhibit increased diffusive permeability (but decreased effective diffusion coefficients) due to sorption to the biofilm matrix. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:261–272, 1998.
Novel path planning of robots based on bidirectional ant colony algorithm

For solving the shortcomings of converging slowly and falling into partial delay easily, a new approach for robot path planning is introduced based on bidirectional ant colony searching the optimal solution at the same time. First of all, the two ant colonies at the original and the terminal run with different strategies. Searching on the two paths at the same time makes it more global. Secondly, the descending strategy is taken to adjust the scale of ant colony, so that the positive ants search paths mainly, the positive feedback is enhanced and the speed of the convergence is faster at the latter of the algorithm. Finally, each path can be optimized locally. According to the observations, redundant paths will be found possibly in a 3*3 grid, and it can be pulled into a straight-line distance. Experimental results show that the algorithm actualizes simply, effects stably, and the global optimal path can be found in short time after numerous running.
Surface Density Analytical Model of Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in HEMT Structures

In this paper a surface density analytical model of Two-Dimensional Electron Gas (2DEG) in High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) under gate voltage control is presented. In the model, an approximation of triangular potential well is used. The results obtained by this model are in good agreement with the experimentally obtained results, and the results of comprehensive numerical simulations of HEMT devices, which are made of different materials, including HEMT devices with strained crystal lattice. The model also gives relatively good results for surface density 2DEG in AlGaN/GaN structures with piezo-electric effect, which has a great influence on the density. On the basis of the model that is presented, the simulations were performed and obtained results are given graphically.
Term-Rewriting Deobfuscation for Static Client-Side Scripting Malware Detection

Ensuring users with a safe web experience has become a critical problem recently as fraud and privacy infringement on the Internet are becoming current. Web-scripting-based malware is also intensively used to carry out longer-term exploitation such as XSS worms or botnets, and server-side countermeasures are often ineffective against such threats while client-side ones seldom deal with the problem of obfuscation. In order to provide a sounder and more complete analysis, we propose to carry out deobfuscation of web-scripting-language-based malware. In this paper, we study the possibility of automating the deobfuscation process using a term rewriting system based on automated deduction. Such static approach intends to evade anti-analysis techniques and unknown obfuscation schemes. With some preliminary experiments in JavaScript, we show evidence that this is actually possible and highlight several challenges we need to tackle in order to implement an effective script-based malware deobfuscator. This approach can be generalized to web scripting languages other than JavaScript such as ActionScript or VBScript. Applications encompass script-based malware static analysis or malware distribution website crawling. This paper is included in a wider project that aims to provide a client-based defense against Web 2.0 malware.
In Vitro Performance Assessment of Distal Protection Filters: Pulsatile Flow Conditions

Purpose: To evaluate in vitro the capture efficiency of a distal protection filter (DPF) used during carotid artery stenting and examine the longitudinal vascular impedance in the presence of a DPF. Methods: Four approved DPFs (Spider RX, FilterWire EZ, RX Accunet, and FiberNet) were evaluated in a physiologically realistic in vitro setup. A pulsatile programmable piston pump circulated a blood analog at a time-varying flow rate representative of the human common carotid artery. A silicone carotid bifurcation having average human dimensions was used for the carotid flow model. Microspheres ranging from 40 to 900 µm were injected to simulate embolization. The longitudinal vascular impedance was calculated as the ratio of the time-varying pressure gradient across the DPF to the time-varying flow rate in the internal carotid artery. Results: RX Accunet had the highest capture efficiency (99.4%) and Spider RX the lowest (78.1%). Spider RX increased the longitudinal vascular impedance the least after deployment (+23%), while FilterWire EZ increased the longitudinal vascular impedance the least after particles were injected (+29%). FiberNet increased longitudinal vascular impedance the most (+84%). Conclusion: This investigation, unique for examining the effects of physiologically realistic pulsatile flow on DPF performance, can aid in the development of future generations of novel DPFs.
Big Data Analytics for Detecting Host Misbehavior in Large Logs

The management of complex network infrastructures continues to be a difficult endeavor today. These infrastructures can contain a huge number of devices that may misbehave in unpredictable ways. Many of these devices keep logs that contain valuable information about the infrastructures' security, reliability, and performance. However, extracting information from that data is far from trivial. The paper presents a novel approach to assess the security of such an infrastructure using its logs, inspired on data from a real telecommunications network. We use machine learning and data mining techniques to analyze the data and semi-automatically discover misbehaving hosts, without having to instruct the system about how hosts misbehave.
On Downlink Intercell Interference in a Cellular System

The main difference between a non-cellular and a cellular communication system is the intercell interference. Therefore, modelling the intercell interference and analyzing its effects is of particular interest for cellular communication systems. On the one hand, the intercell interference can be modeled by system level simulations. On the other hand, it is also meaningful to assess the intercell interference without performing exhaustive simulations which nonetheless at the same time still capture the major effects that determine the interference. To this end, we consider the intercell interference as a random variable composed of many other random variables. In this paper, we present a semi-analytical method to analyze the downlink intercell interference in a cellular system. Through such an approach a quick and reliable assessment of the downlink intercell interference can be obtained. Our focus is on the methodology and we consider basic access schemes: WCDMA, TDMA, FDMA, and random OFDMA. However, our model can be extended to include other access schemes and other features.
Transmission Parameters of the 2001 Foot and Mouth Epidemic in Great Britain

Despite intensive ongoing research, key aspects of the spatial-temporal evolution of the 2001 foot and mouth disease (FMD) epidemic in Great Britain (GB) remain unexplained. Here we develop a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for estimating epidemiological parameters of the 2001 outbreak for a range of simple transmission models. We make the simplifying assumption that infectious farms were completely observed in 2001, equivalent to assuming that farms that were proactively culled but not diagnosed with FMD were not infectious, even if some were infected. We estimate how transmission parameters varied through time, highlighting the impact of the control measures on the progression of the epidemic. We demonstrate statistically significant evidence for assortative contact patterns between animals of the same species. Predictive risk maps of the transmission potential in different geographic areas of GB are presented for the fitted models.
Pegasus—operating system support for distributed multimedia systems

Pegasusais a project of the Universities of Cambridge (GB) and Twente (NL). This is a preliminary paper whose primary function is to state the goals of the project and to describe how we plan to set about reaching them. The theme of the Pegasus project is the design and implementation of general-purpose operatingsystem support for distributed multimedia applications. It is our contention that for a system to be a multimedia system, it should endow text, images, audio and video with equal status: Interpreting an audio or video stream should not be a privileged task of special functions provided by the operating system, but one of ordinary user programs. If programs with no special status can process text interactively, then processing audio or video interactively should also be done by programs with no special status. Very few, if any systems exist today that can claim to be multimedia systems in this sense. There is a wide range of multimedia applications on personal computers, but they are usually made to work by "taking over" the machine; that is, by not allowing other processes to run simultaneously, and possibly by directly addressing the hardware. Other systems offer only a very restricted set of multimedia applications, such as showing video in a window, or editing audio files. On these systems, as a rule, the video is not made available to user processes and the audio cannot be processed interactively. Often the video is analogue and often the network does not have the bandwidth nor the response time to transmit digital audio and video. Our goal is the design and implementation of an operating system that allows capture, rendering, storage, and interactive processing of multimedia data by user-level applications, while keeping all of the desirable properties of distributed systems, such as resource sharing, data sharing, securit}~ and fault tolerance. These goals are ambitious, but we are greatly helped by technology, fast RISC processors, cheap large memories, hardware image and video compression, and gigabit networks. We intend to use high-performance technology, because we expect that today's high-end technology will be personal-computer technology in ten years' time.
Efficiency of active learning for the allocation of workers on crowdsourced classification tasks

Crowdsourcing has been successfully employed in the past as an effective and cheap way to execute classification tasks and has therefore attracted the attention of the research community. However, we still lack a theoretical understanding of how to collect the labels from the crowd in an optimal way. In this paper we focus on the problem of worker allocation and compare two active learning policies proposed in the empirical literature with a uniform allocation of the available budget. To this end we make a thorough mathematical analysis of the problem and derive a new bound on the performance of the system. Furthermore we run extensive simulations in a more realistic scenario and show that our theoretical results hold in practice.
Nuclear Receptor 4a3 (Nr4a3) Regulates Murine Mast Cell Responses and Granule Content

Nuclear receptor 4a3 (Nr4a3) is a transcription factor implicated in various settings such as vascular biology and inflammation. We have recently shown that mast cells dramatically upregulate Nuclear receptor 4a3 upon activation, and here we investigated the functional impact of Nuclear receptor 4a3 on mast cell responses. We show that Nuclear receptor 4a3 is involved in the regulation of cytokine/chemokine secretion in mast cells following activation via the high affinity IgE receptor. Moreover, Nuclear receptor 4a3 negatively affects the transcript and protein levels of mast cell tryptase as well as the mast cell’s responsiveness to allergen. Together, these findings identify Nuclear receptor 4a3 as a novel regulator of mast cell function.
A transitive closure based algorithm for test generation

We present a transitive closure (TC) based test generation algorithm. A test is obtained by determining signal values that satisfy a Boolean expression constructed from the circuit netlist and the fault. The algorithm is a sequence of two main steps that are repeatedly executed: TC computation and decisionmaking. To compute the TC of the circuit, we construct an imp& cation graph whose vertices are labeled as the true and false states of all signals. A directed edge (2, y) in this graph represents the controlling influence of the true state of signal z on the true state of signal that are connected through a wire or a gate. Since the implication graph only includes pairwise (or binary) relations, it is a partial representation of the netlist. The TC of the implication graph contains pairwfse logical relationships among all signals. When signal relationships describing fault activation and path sensitization are included, TC determines signal fixations and logical contradictions that directly identify many redundancies. Sensitization of physical and logical dominators, unique path sensitization, static and dynamic learning and other techniques that are useful in determining necessary signal assignments are hpllclt in the process. If signals thus determined satisfy the Boolean formula, we have a test. Otherwise, we use the decision-making step, fix an unassigned signal, and update the TC to find further logical
Detecting Real-World Influence through Twitter

In this paper, we investigate the issue of detecting the real-life influence of people based on their Twitter account. We propose an overview of common Twitter features used to characterize such accounts and their activity, and show that these are inefficient in this context. In particular, retweets and followers numbers, and Klout score are not relevant to our analysis. We thus propose several Machine Learning approaches based on Natural Language Processing and Social Network Analysis to label Twitter users as Influencers or not. We also rank them according to a predicted influence level. Our proposals are evaluated over the CLEF RepLab 2014 dataset, and outmatch state-of-the-art ranking methods.
Cardiovascular , Pulmonary , and Renal Pathology The NF-B Subunit c-Rel Stimulates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis

Silvia Gaspar-Pereira,* Nicola Fullard,* Paul A. Townsend, Paul S. Banks,* Elizabeth L. Ellis,* Christopher Fox,* Aidan G. Maxwell,* Lindsay B. Murphy,* Adam Kirk, Ralf Bauer, Jorge H. Caamaño, Nichola Figg, Roger S. Foo, Jelena Mann,* Derek A. Mann,* and Fiona Oakley* From the Institutes of Cellular Medicine * and Human Genetics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne; the Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton; the Division of Immunity and Infection, Institute for BioMedical ResearchMedical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham; and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
FactRank: Random Walks on a Web of Facts

Fact collections are mostly built using semi-supervised relation extraction techniques and wisdom of the crowds methods, rendering them inherently noisy. In this paper, we propose to validate the resulting facts by leveraging global constraints inherent in large fact collections, observing that correct facts will tend to match their arguments with other facts more often than with incorrect ones. We model this intuition as a graph-ranking problem over a fact graph and explore novel random walk algorithms. We present an empirical study, over a large set of facts extracted from a 500 million document webcrawl, validating the model and showing that it improves fact quality over state-of-the-art methods.
In vitro evidence that human airway lysozyme is cleaved and inactivated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase and not by human leukocyte elastase

The in vitro effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase (P. aeruginosa E) and of human leukocyte elastase on human airway lysozyme (HAL) were investigated. P. aeruginosa E inactivated and cleaved HAL, whereas human leukocyte elastase had no effect. Total inactivation of HAL by P. aeruginosa E was observed after 120 min of incubation at 37 degrees C, for an elastase-to-lysozyme molar ratio of 1:5. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of reaction mixtures containing HAL and P. aeruginosa E in an elastase-to-lysozyme molar ratio of 1:10 showed a progressive disappearance of the HAL band upon increasing the incubation time with P. aeruginosa E. Gel filtration chromatography indicated that HAL was cleaved into at least three peptide fragments. The cleavage of HAL by P. aeruginosa E was accompanied by parallel losses of its bacteriolytic activity and its immunoreactive property.
One Sense per Collocation and Genre/Topic Variations

This paper revisits the one sense per collocation hypothesis using fine-grained sense distinctions and two different corpora. We show that the hypothesis is weaker for fine-grained sense distinctions (70% vs. 99% reported earlier on 2-way ambiguities). We also show that one sense per collocation does hold across corpora, but that collocations vary from one corpus to the other, following genre and topic variations. This explains the low results when performing word sense disambiguation across corpora. In fact, we demonstrate that when two independent corpora share a related genre/topic, the word sense disambiguation results would be better. Future work on word sense disambiguation will have to take into account genre and topic as important parameters on their models.
One-Year Comparison of a High–Monounsaturated Fat Diet With a High-Carbohydrate Diet in Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high–monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and high-carbohydrate (CHO) diets on body weight and glycemic control in men and women with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Overweight/obese participants with type 2 diabetes (n = 124, age = 56.5 ± 0.8 years, BMI = 35.9 ± 0.3 kg/m2, and A1C = 7.3 ± 0.1%) were randomly assigned to 1 year of a high-MUFA or high-CHO diet. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were assessed at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 months of dieting. RESULTS—Baseline characteristics were similar between the treatment groups. The overall retention rate for 1 year was 77% (69% for the high-MUFA group and 84% for the high-CHO group; P = 0.06). Based on food records, both groups had similar energy intake but a significant difference in MUFA intake. Both groups had similar weight loss over 1 year (−4.0 ± 0.8 vs. −3.8 ± 0.6 kg) and comparable improvement in body fat, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, A1C, and fasting glucose and insulin. There were no differences in these parameters between the groups. A follow-up assessment of a subset of participants (n = 36) was conducted 18 months after completion of the 52-week diet. These participants maintained their weight loss and A1C during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS—In individuals with type 2 diabetes, high-MUFA diets are an alternative to conventional lower-fat, high-CHO diets with comparable beneficial effects on body weight, body composition, cardiovascular risk factors, and glycemic control.