Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementing Indonesia’s English language teaching policy in primary schools: The role of teachers’ knowledge and beliefs

Abstract Many studies have been conducted to investigate teachers’ knowledge and beliefs and they confirmed that knowledge and beliefs are an influential factor in teachers’ decision making in the classroom. However, little research has been undertaken to investigate how teachers’ knowledge and beliefs in influence the implementation of language policy. This study aims at investigating primary school teachers’ knowledge and beliefs about the English program in primary schools in Indonesia, focusing on their pedagogical knowledge and how it influences the way they teach English when English is positioned as a local content subject in the curriculum The study reveals that in the absence of official curriculum teachers are required to draw on their existing knowledge and beliefs but the existing knowledge and beliefs of teachers in Indonesia are often not well developed. With no curriculum to guide their teaching, teachers’ rely on textbooks. They consider that the textbook can be regarded as a substitute for a curriculum because the textbook contains information about the themes, the objectives of teaching, materials, and exercises. That is, textbooks have many of the features that teachers said were important in curriculum as guides for teaching.
MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS : STRATEGIC-ORGANIZATIONAL FIT

This paper examines the effects of resource complementarity and organizational compatibility on merger and acquisition (M&A) outcomes. We also explore the effect of firms' previous M&A experiences. Our investigation focuses on two classes of events following M&As: organizational dissolution and involvement in subsequent M&As, with the firm continuance following the M&A as the “non-event. ” Using a multinomial logit model for repeated-event history analysis that reflects the dynamics of organizational evolution, we analyse 461 M&As in the history of the Dutch accounting industry. Our results show that compatibility is not associated with the dissolution rate but is strongly related with the probablity that a firm will engage in additional M&As. Resouce complementarity is negatively associated with the odds of dissolution and positively associated with the probability to engage in additional M&As. The results also indicate that previous M&A experience enhances both the dissolution rate and rate to engage in additional M&As.
Two Novel Phycoerythrin-Associated Linker Proteins in the Marine Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Strain WH8102

ABSTRACT The recent availability of the whole genome of Synechococcus sp. strain WH8102 allows us to have a global view of the complex structure of the phycobilisomes of this marine picocyanobacterium. Genomic analyses revealed several new characteristics of these phycobilisomes, consisting of an allophycocyanin core and rods made of one type of phycocyanin and two types of phycoerythrins (I and II). Although the allophycocyanin appears to be similar to that found commonly in freshwater cyanobacteria, the phycocyanin is simpler since it possesses only one complete set of α and β subunits and two rod-core linkers (CpcG1 and CpcG2). It is therefore probably made of a single hexameric disk per rod. In contrast, we have found two novel putative phycoerythrin-associated linker polypeptides that appear to be specific for marine Synechococcus spp. The first one (SYNW2000) is unusually long (548 residues) and apparently results from the fusion of a paralog of MpeC, a phycoerythrin II linker, and of CpeD, a phycoerythrin-I linker. The second one (SYNW1989) has a more classical size (300 residues) and is also an MpeC paralog. A biochemical analysis revealed that, like MpeC, these two novel linkers were both chromophorylated with phycourobilin. Our data suggest that they are both associated (partly or totally) with phycoerythrin II, and we propose to name SYNW2000 and SYNW1989 MpeD and MpeE, respectively. We further show that acclimation of phycobilisomes to high light leads to a dramatic reduction of MpeC, whereas the two novel linkers are not significantly affected. Models for the organization of the rods are proposed.
Enabling technologies for the "always best connected" concept

‘Always Best Connected’ (ABC) is considered one of the main requirements for next generation networks. The ABC concept allows a person to have access to applications using the devices and network technologies that best suits his or her needs or profile at any time. Clearly, this requires the combination of a set of existing and new technologies, at all levels of the protocol stack, into one integrated system. In this paper, a considerable set of the technologies, that are expected to play a key role towards the ABC vision, are presented. Starting from a reference architecture, the paper describes the required enhancements at certain levels of a traditional protocol stack, as well as technologies for mobility and end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) support. The paper concludes with a case study that reveals the advantages of the ABC concept. This article replaces a previously published version (Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing; 5(2): 175-191. [DOI: 10.1002/wcm.207]). Retraction notice DOI: 10.1002/wcm.426. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drowning in Inequalities

The authors argue that age, sex, and racial differentials in swimming participation are conditioned by the availability of swimming infrastructure and the principle of social exclusivity that limits access of lower status groupings, even where pools and programs are available. In turn, the authors argue that participation in swimming and where that activity occurs (pool versus open water) affect life chances (accidental drowning rates) across status groups. Multiple data sources were used to operationalize measures of swimming participation, social exclusivity, conditions associated with the development of swimming infrastructure, risk for a place to drown, and age, sex, and racial accidental drowning and submersion rates. Given that some progress has been made toward lessening social exclusivity with lower status groups now participating in many sports, and the under-reporting of deaths from accidental drowning and submersion, the authors believe that the confirmation of their hypotheses is conservative.
Mapping cortical shape differences using a searchlight approach based on classification of sulcal pit graphs

Studying cortical anatomy by examining the deepest part of cortical sulci, the sulcal pits, has recently raised a growing interest. In particular, constructing structural representations from patterns of pits has proved a promising approach. This study follows up in this direction and brings two main contributions. First, we introduce a graph kernel adapted to sulcal pit graphs, in order to perform classification of patterns of sul-cal pits using support vector machines directly in graph space. Second, we design a multivariate searchlight technique that enables the localization of informative patterns of sulcal pits. We demonstrate the relevance of our approach by studying cortical differences between male and female subjects using a large dataset of 134 subjects.
Identities and Insecurities: Selves at Work

This article explores the growing interest in selves and subjects at work. In particular, it examines the analytical importance of insecurity for understanding the subjective power relations and survival strategies of organization. Insecurity in organizations can take many different, sometimes overlapping forms. Highlighting how these insecurities can intersect in the reproduction of workplace selves and organizational power relations, the article argues that attempts to overcome these insecurities can have contradictory outcomes. It also illustrates how `conformist', `dramaturgical' and `resistant' selves may be reproduced, particularly in surveillance-based organizations. The article concludes that a greater appreciation of subjectivity and its insecurities can enhance our understanding of the ways that organizational power relations are reproduced, rationalized, resisted and sometimes even transformed within the contemporary workplace.
African–American Religious Affiliation in the Late 20th Century: Cohort Variations and Patterns of Switching, 1973–1998

This article investigates shifts in religious affiliation among African Americans over the last three decades and across cohorts. I examine data from the 1973–1998 General Social Surveys to analyze denominational growth and decline, and patterns of religious switching. I compare variations in religious loyalty/switching and patterns of mobility across eight salient religious groupings; cohort variations are tested across pre– and post–civil rights cohorts. I examine a range of log–linear and log–multiplicative models to summarize patterns of switching and to see whether patterns vary across cohorts. I find that the “black mainline” Methodist and Baptist denominations lose members from switching and have lower market share because of the ascendance of conservative sects. Further, nonaffiliation is growing, particularly in the post–civil rights cohort. I found no variations in patterns of mobility over time or across cohorts—only in the rates of switching that drive the levels of mobility.
TFE3 regulates whole‐body energy metabolism in cooperation with TFEB

TFE3 and TFEB are members of the MiT family of HLH–leucine zipper transcription factors. Recent studies demonstrated that they bind overlapping sets of promoters and are post‐transcriptionally regulated through a similar mechanism. However, while Tcfeb knockout (KO) mice die during early embryonic development, no apparent phenotype was reported in Tfe3 KO mice. Thus raising the need to characterize the physiological role of TFE3 and elucidate its relationship with TFEB. TFE3 deficiency resulted in altered mitochondrial morphology and function both in vitro and in vivo due to compromised mitochondrial dynamics. In addition, Tfe3 KO mice showed significant abnormalities in energy balance and alterations in systemic glucose and lipid metabolism, resulting in enhanced diet‐induced obesity and diabetes. Conversely, viral‐mediated TFE3 overexpression improved the metabolic abnormalities induced by high‐fat diet (HFD). Both TFEB overexpression in Tfe3 KO mice and TFE3 overexpression in Tcfeb liver‐specific KO mice (Tcfeb LiKO) rescued HFD‐induced obesity, indicating that TFEB can compensate for TFE3 deficiency and vice versa. Analysis of Tcfeb LiKO/Tfe3 double KO mice demonstrated that depletion of both TFE3 and TFEB results in additive effects with an exacerbation of the hepatic phenotype. These data indicate that TFE3 and TFEB play a cooperative, rather than redundant, role in the control of the adaptive response of whole‐body metabolism to environmental cues such as diet and physical exercise.
Anisotropic edge-preserving smoothing in carotid B-mode ultrasound for improved segmentation and intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement

Non-invasive B-mode ultrasound imaging of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is used for estimation of the atherosclerotic burden. Image interpretation and measurement is degraded by imaging noise and other artifacts. Edge detection based on local estimation of image gradient produces irregular boundaries and poor IMT estimates under such conditions, Manual tracing produces smoother borders but is labor-intensive and exhibits poorer intra and inter-observer reproducibility. We present a new non-linear segmentation algorithm that uses global image information to improve border delineation, simplify image frame selection and improve IMT measurement We demonstrate examples of image enhancement and evaluate the measurement reproducibility of this method in 40 carotid data sets from an ongoing clinical study.
Choice at 16: school, parental and peer group effects

School, parental and peer group effects have been identified as being influential in shaping the decision of students to participate in post‐compulsory education, but the analysis of each effect separately is rare. Using a random effects logistic regression approach, estimates of the importance of school, parental and peer group effects on student choices are presented which suggest that peer groups play an important role in determining boys’ choices at 16, while the decision to stay on across gender is strongly influenced by parental background. Profiles show that the social class of peers’ fathers influence strongly the probability of a student staying on.
Introduction to Exemplar-Based Models of Language Acquisition and Use

Exemplar-based models have become part and parcel of linguistics: they are used in phonetics and phonology (Johnson 1997; Pierrehumbert 2001), in morphology (Skousen 1989; Krott et al. 2002), syntax (Bod 1998; Tomasello 2003; Reali and Christiansen, in press) and semantics (Batali 2002). The appeal of exemplar models is that they can explain phenomena that are problematic for rule-based models. These phenomena include frequency effects in comprehension and prediction, gradual language change, and the dynamics of language learning. Exemplar models aim to capture the detailed episodic memory of linguistic events that humans retain, by storing exemplars over time and comparing new input against them. But what exactly are exemplars? A quick look at the literature suggests that there is no agreement on what an exemplar is and what it does. One goal of this workshop is to clarify the various notions of exemplar and to investigate the possibility of a unifying framework. Following Hay and Bresnan (2006), there are at least two strands of exemplar-based models that were developed rather independently of one another, and to which they refer as “phonetic exemplar theory” and “syntactic exemplar theory”.
Level of evidence for promising subgroup findings in an overall non-significant trial

In drug development and drug licensing, it sometimes occurs that a new drug does not demonstrate effectiveness for the full study population, but there appears to be benefit in a relevant, pre-defined subgroup. This raises the question, how strong the evidence from such a subgroup is, and which confirmatory testing strategies are the most appropriate ones. Hence, we considered the type I error and the power of a subgroup result in a trial with non-significant overall results and of suitable replication strategies. In the case of a single trial, the inflation of the overall type I error is substantial and can be up to twice as large, especially in relatively small subgroups. This also increases to the risk of starting a replication trial that should not be done, if such a second trial is not already available. The overall type I error is almost controlled by using an appropriate replication strategy. This confirms the required cautious interpretation of promising subgroups, even in the case that overall trial results were perceived to be close to significance.
Macdonald’s Evaluation Conjectures, Diﬀerence Fourier Transform, and applications

Generalizing the characters of compact simple Lie groups, Ian Macdonald introduced in [M1,M2] and other works remarkable orthogonal symmetric polynomials dependent on the parameters q, t. He came up with three main conjectures formulated for arbitrary root systems. A new approach to the Macdonald theory was suggested in [C1] on the basis of (double) affine Hecke algebras and related difference operators. In [C2] the norm conjecture (including the celebrated constant term conjecture [M3]) was proved for all (reduced) root systems. This paper contains the proof of the remaining two (the duality and evaluation conjectures), the recurrence relations, and basic results on Macdonald’s polynomials at roots of unity. In the next paper the same questions will be considered for the non-symmetric polynomials. The evaluation conjecture (now a theorem) is in fact a q, t-generalization of the classic Weyl dimension formula. One can expect interesting applications of this theorem since the so-called q-dimensions are undoubtedly important. To demonstrate deep relations to the representation theory we prove the Recurrence Theorem connected with decomposing of the tensor products of represenations of compact Lie groups in terms of irreducible ones. The arising q, t-multiplicities are in fact the coefficients of our difference operators (one needs the duality to establish this). It is likely that we can incorporate the Kac-Moody case as well. The necessary technique was developed in [C4]. The duality theorem (in its complete form) states that the difference zonal q, t-Fourier transform is self-dual (its reproducing kernel is symmetric). In this paper we introduce the transform formally in terms of double affine Hecke algebras. The self-duality is directly related to the interpretation of these algebras via the so-called elliptic braid groups (the Fourier involution turns into the transposition of the periods of an elliptic curve). It is not very surprising since this interpretation is actually the monodromy representation of the double affine (elliptic) Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation from [C6].
Advertising and Conspicuous Consumption ∗

The paper formalizes the intuition that brands are consumed for image reasons and that advertising creates a brand’s image. The key idea is that advertising informs the public of brand names and creates the possibility of conspicuous consumption by rendering brands a signalling device. In a price competition framework, we show that advertising increases consumers’ willingness to pay and thus provide a foundation, based on optimization behavior, for persuasive approaches to advertising. Moreover, an incumbent might strategically overinvest in advertising to deter entry, there might be too much advertising, and competition might be socially undesirable.
The Influence of a Positive Psychology Course on Student Well-Being

This study examined the influence of participation in a positive psychology course on undergraduates’ well-being. Twenty-three students from a small liberal arts college in the Northeastern United States participated in this study. As hypothesized, students reported gains in hope, self-actualization, well-being, agency, and pathway hopefulness, purpose, and mission in life. However, contrary to the hypotheses, students did not report significant gains in presence of meaning, or reduction in the envy of others. These findings are discussed in light of previous research supporting the efficacy of positive psychology exercises on mood and well-being, The APA Guidelines for the Psychology Major major, and the increasing number of positive psychology courses offered at undergraduate institutions.
Report: Pipeline transport of solid waste in the Grand Holy Mosque in Makkah

The Grand Holy Mosque, located in the Holy City of Makkah in Saudi Arabia, attracts millions of Muslim visitors from all over the world, especially during the pilgrimage season. The daily amount of refuse generated in the Grand Holy Mosque and surrounding plazas reached a maximum value of 192.8 tons/day in 1998. Collection and transport of the solid waste generated during the peak times present a challenge to the Makkan authorities. The congested streets and high population density in the Holy Mosque and its surrounding plazas make the traditional methods of collecting and transporting solid waste impractical. This paper presents an alternative system for the collection and transport of solid waste generated in and around the Grand Holy Mosque in Makkah. The proposed system is based on a pneumatic transport technique, by which the waste is collected and transported in underground pipelines. A conceptual layout of the proposed system in the Mosque area is presented, and the merits of the suggested system are discussed.
Women at Work: Psychological and Organizational Perspectives

The experience of women at work is very different from that of men, and this book examines that experience from a psychological and organizational perspective. It is divided into three main sections: the first presents underlying gender issues at work; the second considers problems faced by women at work simply because they are female; and the third considers the implications of these in relation to specific occupations. Each of the contributors is concerned with the practical implications of research findings, and with proposing changes in individual and organizational behaviour to improve the experiences of women at work.
A rapid method for localized mutagenesis of yeast genes

We have developed a simple procedure for the localized mutagenesis of yeast genes. In this technique the region of interest is first amplified under mutagenic chain reaction (PCR) conditions. Cotransformation of the PCR product with a gapped plasmid containing homology to both ends the PCR procuct allows in vivo recombination to repair the gap with the mutagenized DNA. This procedure is efficient, allows trageting of specific regions for mutagenesis, and requires no subcloning steps in Escherichia coli.
Did you see that?: in-game advertising retention in players and onlookers

The effects of embedding advertising in digital games has been explored in only a few controlled studies. This research provides results of an efficacy analysis of in-game advertising within the controlled environment of a racing car game, an environment in which advertising blends in naturally. The experiment was designed to understand the effectiveness of in-game advertising for both players and onlookers. Examining players in both Europe and the United States, this study measured how in-game advertising works on those who participate in electronic entertainment and those who watch it. The results indicate that such advertising is more effective for onlookers than for players. Implications for designers and researchers is discussed.
The role of the specially trained officer in rape and sexual offence cases

The specially trained officer (STO) in rape and sexual offence cases performs a vital role in terms of case processing, supporting investigation and providing services directly to the victim of rape. Despite being regarded as a vital part of the post-assault processing of rape cases, STOs have received scant attention in the research literature. This paper outlines the experience and importance of STOs in one English county, and highlights that despite the importance of their role, officers are often poorly supported in the management structure. Individual officers recognise the importance of their role both in terms of victim support and investigation, but report that immediate supervisors do not always share this view, leading to tensions in the process. The findings also indicate the particularly time-consuming nature of ongoing communication with the victim in cases of rape, but the incredible importance of this communication. It is argued that STOs working in tandem with independent sexual violence advisors would alleviate the burden for STOs, and improve communication with the victim, ultimately contributing to a more procedurally just outcome.