Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different domains in nidogen‐1 and nidogen‐2 drive basement membrane formation in skin organotypic cocultures

Nidogen‐1 and nidogen‐2 are homologous proteins found in all basement membranes (BMs). They show comparable binding activities in vitro and partially redundant functions in vivo. Previously, we showed that in skin organotypic cocultures, BM formation was prevented in the absence of nidogens and that either nidogen was able to rescue this failure. We now dissected the two nidogens to identify the domains required for BM deposition. For that purpose, HaCaT cells were grown on collagen matrices containing nidogen‐deficient, murine fibroblasts. After addition of nidogen‐1 or nidogen‐2 protein fragments comprising different binding domains, BM deposition was analyzed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. We could demonstrate that the rod‐G3 domain of nidogen‐2 was sufficient to achieve deposition of BM components at the epidermal‐collagen interface. In contrast, for nidogen‐1, both the G2 and G3 domains were required. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that all BM components were present in comparable amounts under all culture conditions. This finding demonstrates that nidogens, although homologous proteins, exert their effect on BM assembly through different binding domains, which may in turn result in alterations of BM structure and functions, thus providing an explanation for the phenotypical differences observed between nidogen‐1 and ‐2 deficient mice. —Bechtel, M. , Keller, M. V. , Bloch, W. , Sasaki, T. , Boukamp, P., Zaucke, F. , Paulsson, M. , Nischt, R. Different domains in nidogen‐1 and nidogen‐2 drive basement membrane formation in skin organotypic cocultures. FASEB J. 26, 3637–3648 (2012). www.fasebj. org
Diaquabis(N,N-diethylnicotinamide-κN 1)bis[4-(dimethylamino)benzoato-κO]nickel(II)

The centrosymmetric title NiII complex, [Ni(C9H10NO2)2(C10H14N2O)2(H2O)2], contains two dimethylaminobenzoate (DMAB), two diethylnicotinamide (DENA) ligands and two water molecules, all of them monodentate. The four O atoms in the equatorial plane around the NiII atom form a slightly distorted square-planar arrangement, while the slightly distorted octahedral coordination is completed by the two pyridine N atoms of the DENA ligands in axial positions. The NiII atom is displaced by 0.681 (1) Å out of the least-squares plane of the carboxylate group. The dihedral angle between the carboxylate group and the adjacent benzene ring is 5.61 (7)°, while the pyridine and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 73.20 (4)°. An intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond results in the formation of a six-membered ring with a twisted conformation. In the crystal structure, intermolecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link molecules into a three-dimensional network. Two weak C—H⋯π interactions are also present.
The Analysis of VAR, Deltas and State Prices: A New Approach

We provide a monotonic transformation of an initial diffusion with a level-dependent diffusion parameter that yields a second, deterministic diffusion parameter process. Altering the diffusion parameter while maintaining the original Brownian motion at the expense of the drift can be viewed as a counterpart to Girsanov's Theorem. The transformed process provides a tractable basis for the analysis of the initial probability distribution, and hence provides insights into the value-at-risk (VAR), hedging and valuation of alternate investment strategies. Restrictions on the initial process imply theoretical bounds on VAR, position deltas and state prices, and an empirical bound on option deltas.
Long-term followup of health status in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis after high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

OBJECTIVE High-dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a new treatment for patients with severe, refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present study was undertaken to assess the health status of patients with severe RA over a long-term followup period after treatment with HDC + HSCT. METHODS Health status and utility scores were assessed in 8 patients before and after treatment with HDC + HSCT. Patients were followed up for 5 years posttransplantation. Health status was assessed by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), the RAND-36 version of the Short Form 36 (SF-36) health survey, and the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS). Utility scores were calculated using the EuroQol (EQ-5D) questionnaire and the SF-36-derived utility index (called the SF-6D), from which quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were derived. RESULTS Most measures of health status improved compared with baseline in the first 2 years posttransplantation, notably HAQ and AIMS scores and scores on the functional status, general health, and health change summary scales of the RAND-36 version of the SF-36. Utility scores derived from the EQ-5D questionnaire and the SF-6D also increased significantly after transplantation. This was reflected in the 0.28 QALYs gained compared with baseline. For a putative 50-year-old RA patient with a life expectancy of 20 years, a threshold analysis revealed that HDC + HSCT yielded more QALYs than conventional therapy when treatment-related mortality (TRM) was <2.8%. CONCLUSION HDC + HSCT temporarily increased the functionality and health status of patients with severe, refractory RA. With a reported TRM of 1.3%, HDC + HSCT can be considered a realistic treatment option for patients with severe RA.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of dabigatran versus rivaroxaban for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation using real-world evidence in elderly US Medicare beneficiaries

Abstract Objective: Dabigatran and rivaroxaban have been approved by the US FDA to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients. Newly published real-world evidence based on the US population found that elderly Medicare patients with NVAF treated with rivaroxaban experienced statistically significant increases in intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and major extracranial bleeding, and statistically nonsignificant decreases in thromboembolic stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared with dabigatran. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of dabigatran vs. rivaroxaban for the treatment of US Medicare NVAF patients. Methods: A previously published Markov model was adapted to compare dabigatran and rivaroxaban. The model considered thromboembolic stroke, bleeding events, and AMI based on the published real-world event risks. Model outputs included clinical event rates, costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Results: Dabigatran patients experienced fewer ICH and major extracranial bleeding events than rivaroxaban patients, but more stroke and AMI events. Dabigatran was found to yield lower costs and higher QALYs than rivaroxaban, with incremental costs of −$3534 and incremental QALYs of 0.004. Results remained consistent in sensitivity analyses, with a positive net monetary benefit (willingness-to-pay thresholds of $50,000 and $100,000 per QALY) for dabigatran over rivaroxaban for all model inputs tested. Conclusions: In this study using US Medicare real-world data, dabigatran was found to dominate rivaroxaban. The analyses were limited by the short follow-up period of the real-world data and results may not be generalizable to other patient populations.
The role of macromolecular crowding in the evolution of lens crystallins with high molecular refractive index

Crystallins are present in the lens at extremely high concentrations in order to provide transparency and generate a high refractive power of the lens. The crystallin families prevalent in the highest density lens tissues are γ-crystallins in vertebrates and S-crystallins in cephalopods. As shown elsewhere, in parallel evolution, both have evolved molecular refractive index increments 5–10% above those of most proteins. Although this is a small increase, it is statistically very significant and can be achieved only by very unusual amino acid compositions. In contrast, such a molecular adaptation to aid in the refractive function of the lens did not occur in crystallins that are preferentially located in lower density lens tissues, such as vertebrate α-crystallin and taxon-specific crystallins. In the current work, we apply a model of non-interacting hard spheres to examine the thermodynamic contributions of volume exclusion at lenticular protein concentrations. We show that the small concentration decrease afforded by the higher molecular refractive index increment of crystallins can amplify nonlinearly to produce order of magnitude differences in chemical activities, and lead to reduced osmotic pressure and the reduced propensity for protein aggregation. Quantitatively, this amplification sets in only at protein concentrations as high as those found in hard lenses or the nucleus of soft lenses, in good correspondence to the observed crystallin properties in different tissues and different species. This suggests that volume exclusion effects provide the evolutionary driving force for the unusual refractive properties and the unusual amino acid compositions of γ-crystallins and S-crystallins.
Derotation Taping for Metacarpal and Phalangeal Fractures

Derotation taping for metacarpal and phalangeal fractures is a simple, noninvasive technique for management of acute fractures with malrotation. Ulnar nerve or ring block is performed followed by a closed reduction using a Jahss technique and then a rotatory manipulation. Plaster tape is applied, providing a supination torque on the finger. Those patients with a late presentation of a rotatory malunion are managed with a “K wire osteoclasis” which involves multiple percutaneous cortical K-wire perforations and then a manipulation.
Alternating current and infrared produce an onset-free reversible nerve block

Abstract. Nerve block can eliminate spasms and chronic pain. Kilohertz frequency alternating current (KHFAC) produces a safe and reversible nerve block. However, KHFAC-induced nerve block is associated with an undesirable onset response. Optical inhibition using infrared (IR) laser light can produce nerve block without an onset response, but heats nerves. Combining KHFAC with IR inhibition [alternating current and infrared (ACIR)] produces a rapidly reversible nerve block without an onset response. ACIR can be used to rapidly and reversibly provide onset-free nerve block in the unmyelinated nerves of the marine mollusk Aplysia californica and may have significant advantages over either modality alone. ACIR may be of great clinical utility in the future.
What Explains Immigrant-Native Gaps in European Labor Markets: The Role of Institutions

The role of institutions in immigrant integration remains underexplored in spite of its essential significance for integration policies. This paper adopts the Varieties of Capitalism framework to study the institutional determinants of Immigrant-Native gaps in host labor markets. Using the EU LFS we first measure immigrant-native gaps in labor force participation, unemployment, low-skilled employment and temporary employment. We distinguish the gaps that can be explained by immigrant-native differences in characteristics from those that cannot be explained by such differences, as these require different integration policy approaches. In the second stage we measure the effects of institutional and contextual variables on explained and unexplained immigrant-native gaps. Our findings confirm that institutional contexts play a significant role in immigrant integration, and highlight the importance of tailoring policy approaches with regard to the causes of immigrant-native gaps.
Delta Hedging Under Estimation Risk

This paper examines the hedging errors resulting from the use of mis-estimated volatilities. To this end, the hedging errors of European options are studied via closed form solutions. It is shown that the hedging errors depend on the level of moneyness of the option and the realised drift and volatility of the actual path followed by the underlying asset. Furthermore, it is also shown that if the option is sold at a larger volatility but hedged at a different volatility robust hedging does not hold and the trade may result in a loss. The results are verified using S&P 500 stock index data.
Mock-Ups as “Interactive Laboratories”: Mixed Methods Research Using Inpatient Unit Room Mock-Ups

Objective: To establish evidence-based design (EBD) guidelines for inpatient rooms at Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities. Background: Simulation allows clients, designers, and researchers to visualize how users might interact with a proposed design before actual construction of the design. This study used mock-ups as a simulation technique during a study of the VA inpatient room standards. The participants used the inpatient room mock-ups as “interactive laboratory” environments to maximize opportunities for participatory design, qualitative research, and quantitative research of project-specific EBD solutions. Methods: The research used questionnaires, scenarios, on-demand modifications, and observations to evaluate and confirm EBD solutions for inpatient room mock-ups. A total of 71 participants responded to a questionnaire administered across five mock-up work sessions. These 71 participants consisted of administrators, nurses, physicians, support staff, environment and maintenance staff, and patient and staff safety representatives from throughout the VA healthcare system. Results and Discussion: EBD solutions were tested, evaluated, and modified for each inpatient room type and were applicable to two or more of the inpatient room types. The latter included the location of patient beds and standard headwall position, technology and spaces for nurse charting activities, clearances (e.g., equipment, wheelchair, and bariatric patient), universal rooms, and patient and family amenities. Also, EBD solutions were tested, validated, and modified to the needs of each inpatient room. Conclusion: The mock-ups allowed researchers and designers to evaluate and confirm EBD solutions and strategies for the development of VA inpatient room standards. When used as a means for mixed-methods research, mock-ups can successfully integrate research and design during project-related work. EBD research using mock-ups not only addresses project- or organization-specific concerns, but it may contribute to the knowledge base of the healthcare design community.
Relationships Between Fish Length and Otolith Dimensions of Redcoat, Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskal, 1775) in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea, Turkey

In the present study, sampling was monthly collected from commercial fishing longline boats operating in the southeastern Mediterranean Sea (Arsuz coast) during September 2017-April 2018 and the relationship between fish length and otolith dimensions (length, width and weight) of 151 redcoat samples were examined. Right otolith pairs were used for calculations since there were no statistical differences between left and right otoliths (P>0.05). Total fish lengths of all samples ranged from between 11.4-21.0 cm. Otolith lengths and otolith widths were calculated between 0.35-0.86 cm and 0.26-0.56 cm for all samples. Otolith weights were determined between 0.010-0.059 g. Total fish length-otolith length, total fish length-otolith width and total fish length-otolith weight relationships were determined as OL= 0.0512TL+0.186 (r2=0.865), OWi= 0.0255TL+0.0021 (r2=0.825) and OW= 0.00002TL2. 678 (r2=0.936) on the total of 151 specimens, respectively. Linear relationships between total fish length-otolith length and total fish length-otolith width were found in all fish. The results of study will have new contributions to the field and useful to fisheries management.
Surgical treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer: A prospective trial between simple closure and definitive surgery

Seventy‐eight patients with perforated duodenal ulcer were prospectively studied between 1977 and 1982. Patients were alternately allocated to receive simple closure (Group I, 33 patients) and definitive surgery (Group II, 32 patients). High‐risk patients and those whose conditions dictated a definitive operation were excluded. All patients in Group II had a truncal vagotomy and drainage except one who had a proximal gastric vagotomy. There was no death in Group I or Group II; the complication rate and postoperative course were similar. Twenty‐seven patients in Group I and 26 patients in Group II were available for follow‐up 12 to 80 months after operation, mean 39 months. Good/excellent results were achieved in 30 per cent of Group I compared with 81 per cent of Group II (P<0.01). Eighty‐five per cent of Group I patients developed recurrent ulcer symptoms and 33 per cent had already had a second definitive operation. Two patients (8 per cent) in Group II were reoperated upon for recurrent ulcer due to an incomplete vagotomy. In a population of patients where long‐term follow‐up and medical treatment for duodenal ulcer is unsatisfactory, truncal vagotomy with drainage should be the treatment of choice for perforation. Simple closure should be reserved for high‐risk patients or when the surgeon is inexperienced.
Language intervention practices for school-age children with spoken language disorders: a systematic review.

PURPOSE This systematic review focuses on peer-reviewed articles published since 1985 that assess the outcomes of language intervention practices for school-age students with spoken language disorders. METHOD We conducted computer searches of electronic databases and hand searches of other sources for studies that used experimental designs that were considered to be reliable and valid: randomized clinical trials, nonrandomized comparison studies, and multiple-baseline single-subject design studies. RESULTS The review yielded 21 studies concerning the efficacy or effectiveness of language intervention practices with school-age children since 1985. Eleven of the studies limited participants to children in kindergarten and first grade, and no studies were located that focused on students in middle grades or high school. The relatively high quality of the studies that met our criteria, and the moderate-to-high effect sizes we calculated for the majority of studies, suggests that clinicians can have some confidence in the specific language intervention practices examined. CONCLUSION The fact that only 21 studies met our criteria means that there is relatively little evidence supporting the language intervention practices that are currently being used with school-age children with language disorders. We outline significant gaps in the evidence and discuss the implications for clinical practice in schools.
The Effect of Harrington Instrumentation on the Longitudinal Axis Rotation of the Apical Vertebra and on the Spinal and Rib-Cage Deformity in Idiopathic Scoliosis Studied by Computer Tomography

The effects of Harrington instrumentation on the longitudinal axis rotation of the vertebra, the kyphosis-lordosis, and the rib-cage deformity were investigated by computer tomography in 33 patients. No significant derotation was achieved. The sagittal diameter of the rib cage was reduced significantly with distraction rod instrumentation and further by additional application of a compression rod. The rib hump was reduced significantly only with distraction rod instrumentation. The obtained results indicate that despite instrumentation, the spine preserves an almost unchanged peripheral position in the rib cage.
Hip bone density predicts breast cancer risk independently of Gail score

The Gail model has been commonly used to estimate a woman's risk of breast cancer within a certain time period. High bone mineral density (BMD) is also a significant risk factor for breast cancer, but it appears to play no role in the Gail model. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether hip BMD predicts postmenopausal breast cancer risk independently of the Gail score.
The Cuban Missile Crisis: A Study of Its Strategic Context

The Cuban missile crisis has been analyzed by a variety of authors and from a variety of viewpoints. This study is based on the assumption that no crisis can be understood without considering also the forces and policies which preceded and which flowed from it. Consequently, in addition to analyzing the role of strategic power during the Cuban missile crisis itself, we shall attempt to show in what way the interaction of United States and Soviet strategic policies in the early 196os served to precipitate, the crisis and how the crisis affected in turn the subsequent strategic policies of both sides and ultimately influenced the current strategic balance. During the 1960 presidential campaign, much was made of the "missile gap. " Kennedy administration officials took office in the genuine belief that the U.S. might soon be placed in an unfavor-
Utilizing Information Bottleneck to Evaluate the Capability of Deep Neural Networks for Image Classification †

Inspired by the pioneering work of the information bottleneck (IB) principle for Deep Neural Networks’ (DNNs) analysis, we thoroughly study the relationship among the model accuracy, I(X;T) and I(T;Y), where I(X;T) and I(T;Y) are the mutual information of DNN’s output T with input X and label Y. Then, we design an information plane-based framework to evaluate the capability of DNNs (including CNNs) for image classification. Instead of each hidden layer’s output, our framework focuses on the model output T. We successfully apply our framework to many application scenarios arising in deep learning and image classification problems, such as image classification with unbalanced data distribution, model selection, and transfer learning. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the information plane-based framework: Our framework may facilitate a quick model selection and determine the number of samples needed for each class in the unbalanced classification problem. Furthermore, the framework explains the efficiency of transfer learning in the deep learning area.