Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survey on DoS Attack Challenges in Software Defined Networking

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a new trend in networking. SDN replaces traditional networking by separating control plane and data plane. SDN is managed by centralized controller. SDN has certain challenges such as security, reliability, controller failover, load balancing, traffic engineering. Security in SDN is more challenging than traditional networking. One of the security challenges in networking is DoS (Denial of Service) attack which can be created using various mechanisms. This paper review different DoS attacks which can be possible on control plane and data plane. This paper have surveyed, studied and identified the security challenges and different existing techniques to mitigate Dos attacks in SDN. Future researches on DoS attack mitigation techniques are indicated in this paper.
Étude préliminaire de reconnaissance d'écriture sur des documents historiques

Ce travail s'interesse a l'extraction d'informations dans les registres comptables de la Comedie-Italienne du XVIII e siecle. Ces derniers renferment des informations precieuses pour des chercheurs en sciences humaines et sociales qui travaillent sur l'acculturation des acteurs italiens de cette epoque. L'extraction d'informations, dans des documents anciens non encore etudies, est un processus long et complexe qui demande une expertise a chaque etape : detection et segmentation en blocs, lignes ou mots, extraction de caracteristiques, reconnaissance d'ecri-ture manuscrite. Les reseaux de neurones recurrents, de type BLSTM, avec un decodage CTC constituent une des methodes les plus prometteuses en reconnaissance d'ecriture, pour realiser l'etiquetage d'une sequence donnee en entree et produire un resultat de reconnaissance. Cet article presente une etude preliminaire de l'utilisation de ce type de reseau de neurones pour une premiere tâche : la reconnaissance des titres des pieces de theâtre, dans des documents historiques multilingues (francais et italien) utilisant un vocabulaire ferme et essentiellement compose d'entites nommees.
On Signatures of Series and Parallel Systems Consisting of Modules with Arbitrary Structures

The signature of a system is a useful concept not only in the analysis of binary coherent systems but also in network reliability. Computation of system signature is a well-defined combinatorial problem. This article is concerned with the computation of signature vectors of series and parallel systems consisting of modules. We derive simple formulas for the signature and minimal signature of series and parallel systems based on signatures and minimal signatures of modules with given structures. We present computational results to illustrate the findings.
RIII/Sa Mice with a High Incidence of Mammary Tumors Express Two Exogenous Strains and One Potential Endogenous Strain of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus

ABSTRACT The inbred mouse strain RIII has long been known for shedding large amounts of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) particles in milk and for the development of hormone-dependent early mammary tumors at a very high incidence (>90%). We have established one RIII subline (RIII/Sa) that shows a pattern of virus expression and tumor incidence similar to that in RIII mice. In the present study, we analyzed the milk and mammary tumors of RIII/Sa mice for virus characterization by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) cloning and sequencing of the open reading frame (ORF) of the MMTV long terminal repeats (LTRs). Our results show that these mice express a mixture of at least three different MMTV strains, two of which, designated here as RIII/Sa MMTV-1 and RIII/Sa MMTV-2, are exogenous. The third virus, RIII/Sa MMTV-3, appears to carry the signature of an endogenous provirus, Mtv-17. Similar studies done with the milk and mammary glands of another subline, RIIIS/J, revealed that they do not express MMTV in their milk. The RIII/Sa and RIIIS/J mice also exhibited differences in their endogenous proviral contents. Twelve spontaneously developed mammary tumors of RIII/Sa mice were examined for possible Wnt-1 and/or int-2/Fgf3 mutations that are usually found to occur in most mouse mammary tumors as a consequence of MMTV proviral integration. This work led to the isolation of one MMTV-Wnt-1 junction fragment and one MMTV-int-2/Fgf3 junction fragment from 2 of the 12 tumors. Further analyses showed that both junction fragments contained the RIII/Sa MMTV-2-specific LTR ORF, indicating that this virus was involved in the development of both tumors. Whether RIII/Sa MMTV-1 and/or RIII/Sa MMTV-3 plays any role in mammary tumor development in RIII/Sa mice remains to be established. Overall, the present study demonstrates, to our surprise, that (i) RIII/Sa mice express, unlike other native mouse strains, three strains of MMTVs; and (ii) the virions are completely different from the virus expressed by another subline of RIII mice, the BR6 mice.
The Politics of Reflexive Governance: Challenges for Designing Adaptive Management and Transition Management

This article was first published in the Journal Ecology and Society at http://www.ecologyandsociety. org/: Vos, Jan-Peter; Bornemann, Basil: The politics of reflexive governance: challenges for designing adaptive management and transition management. - In: Ecology and Society : a Journal of Integrative Science for Resilience and Sustainability. - ISSN: 1708-3087 (online). - 16 (2011), 2, art. 9.
Isolation of a Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia, Rickettsia peacockii, in a Rocky Mountain Wood Tick, Dermacentor andersoni, Cell Line

ABSTRACT An embryonic cell line (DAE100) of the Rocky Mountain wood tick,Dermacentor andersoni, was observed by microscopy to be chronically infected with a rickettsialike organism. The organism was identified as a spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsia by PCR amplification and sequencing of portions of the 16S rRNA, citrate synthase, Rickettsia genus-specific 17-kDa antigen, and SFG-specific 190-kDa outer membrane protein A (rOmpA) genes. Sequence analysis of a partial rompA gene PCR fragment and indirect fluorescent antibody data for rOmpA and rOmpB indicated that this rickettsia was a strain (DaE100R) of Rickettsia peacockii, an SFG species presumed to be avirulent for both ticks and mammals.R. peacockii was successfully maintained in a continuous culture of DAE100 cells without apparent adverse effects on the host cells. Establishing cell lines from embryonic tissues of ticks offers an alternative technique for isolation of rickettsiae that are transovarially transmitted.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among General Outpatients in a Tertiary Institution in Kano, North-Western Nigeria

Background: Depression is common psychiatric disorder among general outpatients. Prevalence of depression and associated factors among this population has been studied in some parts of Nigeria. However, few if any were conducted in the most populous geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Materials & Method: This study determines the prevalence of depression and associated factors among general outpatients. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. 402 of the 410 participants recruited for the study completed the study. Diagnosis of depression was confirmed using SCAN (Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry) ver. 2.1. Severity of depression was rated using HDRS (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Result: Two hundred were subsequently diagnosed depressed using SCAN out of 213 who scored HADS cutoff point, given the prevalence of 49.8%. The prevalence of subtypes of depression was: Mild 26.9%, moderate 20.4% and severe 2.5%. A statistically significant association was found between depression and some socio-demographic factors which include age (p = 0.001, X2 = 11.46), gender (p = 0.001, X2 = 20.58)), marital status (p = 0.001, X2 = 11.16), educational status (p = 0.001, X2 = 10.8) and chronic medical conditions (p = 0.001, X2 = 11.77). Depressed outpatient is more likely to be over 40 yrs, female, married, having low level of education and suffering from chronic medical condition(s). However, there was no significant association between depression and employment status, family history of mental illness and substance use in this study. Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of depression among general outpatients. It is associated with age, marital status educational level and chronic medical conditions. General practitioners should lookout for depression especially among patients with the associated socio-demographic factors. Some easy-to-use screening tools like PHQ-2 should be included in the routine assessment of outpatients in Family Medicine departments. Task-sharing strategy as enshrined in mental health gap (mhGAP) document should be implemented to improve detection of depression at primary care level.
Title A case study of Cantonese acquired dysgraphia data for theorganization of the orthographic lexicon Other

This paper reports a case study of a Chinese-speaking dysgraphic patient, NMY. Among his written errors in written naming and writing-to-dictation were phonologically plausible errors. Since his semantic processing of content words were hypothesized to be largely intact, as evidenced by normal performance on non-verbal semantic tests and word-picture matching, the occurrence of such errors provides evidence supporting previous proposals about the existence of non-semantic pathway of writing Chinese and the access from phonological output lexicon to orthographic output lexicon. In addition, the percentage of substituted or inserted signific radicals that were semantically related to the target words were shown to be higher than chance level. It provides supporting data for the existence of radical level in Chinese lexical processing and the direct connections between this level and the semantic units.
Evidence for the association of chromatin and microRNA regulation in the human genome

Both microRNAs (miRNAs) and chromatin regulation play important roles in cellular processes and they function at different regulatory levels of transcription. Although efforts have been devoted to the investigation of miRNA and chromatin regulation, there’s still no comprehensive work to illustrate their relationships due tothe lack of whole-genome wide datasets in different human cellular contexts. Based on the recently published large-scale epigenetic data, we examined the association between miRNA and epigenetic machinery. Our work confirmed a general relationship between miRNA biogenesis and chromatin features around pre-miRNA genomic regions. Obvious enrichments of DNA methylation and several histone modifications were observed within the pre-miRNA genomic region, which werecorrelated with miRNA expression levels. Furthermore, chromatin features at genepromoter regionsweretightly associated with miRNA regulation. Interestingly, we found that genes with their promoter regions located in the active chromatin state regions tend to have a higher probability to be targeted by miRNAs. This worksuggests that miRNAs and chromatin features are often highly coordinated, which provides a guide to deeply understand the complexity of gene regulation.
Structure function relationships in EGF, TGF-α and IGFI

Summary The solution structures of the homologous growth factors hEGF and hTGF-α, have been determined independently from high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. A model of the insulin-like growth factor structure based on insulin coordinates (Blundell et al. (1978) Proc natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.75, 180–184), has also been refined using molecular dynamics simulations with NMR-determined restraints. Knowledge of these structures, together with known sequences of other homologous proteins and experiments with site-specific residue changes, allows predictions to be made about growth factor residues which might be involved in the receptor–ligand interfaces.
Nonsynaptic glycine release is involved in the early KCC2 expression

The cation‐chloride co‐transporters are important regulators of the cellular Cl‐ homeostasis. Among them the Na+‐K+−2Cl− co‐transporter (NKCC1) is responsible for intracellular chloride accumulation in most immature brain structures, whereas the K+‐Cl− co‐transporter (KCC2) extrudes chloride from mature neurons, ensuring chloride‐mediated inhibitory effects of GABA/glycine. We have shown that both KCC2 and NKCC1 are expressed at early embryonic stages (E11.5) in the ventral spinal cord (SC). The mechanisms by which KCC2 is prematurely expressed are unknown. In this study, we found that chronically blocking glycine receptors (GlyR) by strychnine led to a loss of KCC2 expression, without affecting NKCC1 level. This effect was not dependent on the firing of Na+ action potentials but was mimicked by a Ca2+‐dependent PKC blocker. Blocking the vesicular release of neurotransmitters did not impinge on strychnine effect whereas blocking volume‐sensitive outwardly rectifying (VSOR) chloride channels reproduced the GlyR blockade, suggesting that KCC2 is controlled by a glycine release from progenitor radial cells in immature ventral spinal networks. Finally, we showed that the strychnine treatment prevented the maturation of rhythmic spontaneous activity. Thereby, the GlyR‐activation is a necessary developmental process for the expression of functional spinal motor networks. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 764–779, 2016
Verification techniques imposed upon design of a standard cell based dsp dedicated to cochlear implant

Digital circuit design is being challenged by ever-increasing design complexity and continuously shrinking transistor size. For high yield, we have to devote more to the design process, and the verifications carried during the design are becoming increasingly important. This paper takes a standard cell based DSP (digital signal processor) design as a case study to show the verification techniques adopted during the design process. This DSP is dedicated to a cochlear implant system. These methodologies form the architecture of multilevel verification. This multilevel verification architecture is not only well suited in our design, but can also be taken as a guideline to general ASIC (application specified integrated circuit) design process.
The Spiritism as therapy in the health care in the epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE to present a brief history of Spiritism, the vision of epilepsy by Spiritism, and the potential of spirituality and religiosity care as complementary and coadjutants treatments in epilepsy. METHOD this is a brief review about the impact of faith, spirituality, and religiosity, particularly the Spiritism philosophy as complementary treatment to neurological disorders (particularly focusing on epilepsy) and mental health. We conduct a review of published articles (about religion/spirituality and epilepsy) in the Pubmed and SciELO databases. CONCLUSION the exercise of spirituality and religiosity can be a positive coping strategy to support the traditional therapy of patients with epilepsy and other neurological disorders. However, it is necessary to demystify myths and beliefs about the epilepsy and improve knowledge about this important health dimension among professionals, patients, and caregivers to explore their full treatment and supportive potential.
A comparison of pulsed radiofrequency and continuous radiofrequency on thermocoagulation of egg white in vitro.

BACKGROUND Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF). PRF energy is delivered to neural structures via specifically designed, percutaneously placed needles to treat some chronic pain states. PRF was introduced as a non-destructive alternative to destructive lesioning produced by continuous radiofrequency (CRF) energy. However, there is an ongoing controversy regarding the potential tissue-destructive effects of PRF used for pain management. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of PRF to coagulate egg white at various temperatures used clinically and to compare with CRF. METHODS A commercially available (TYCO-Radionics Labs) 5 cm, 22G (0.7 mm) SMK needle with 5 mm active tip was inserted into a 10 mL test tube containing raw egg white at 37 degrees C and the tip was heated up to 80 degrees C. The photographic patterns of thermocoagulation of egg white in vitro produced by continuous and pulsed radiofrequency (RF) were compared and the lowest temperature at which PRF produced thermocoagulation was determined. RESULTS Pulsed RF produced barely detectable thermocoagulation at 60 degrees C. Above 60 degrees C, the pattern of coagulation produced by PRF resembled that observed with CRF. However, the density and size of the coagulation ball appeared somewhat greater with CRF. CONCLUSION PRF coagulated egg white at temperatures above 60degrees C in a manner similar to CRF. Monitoring needle tip temperature using the thermode supplied with the needle during PRF and keeping the recorded tip temperature below 60degrees C may minimize unwanted thermal destruction of tissue.
Ca2+ handling in isolated brain mitochondria and cultured neurons derived from the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington's disease

We investigated Ca2+ handling in isolated brain synaptic and non‐synaptic mitochondria and in cultured striatal neurons from the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington's disease. Both synaptic and non‐synaptic mitochondria from 2‐ and 12‐month‐old YAC128 mice had larger Ca2+ uptake capacity than mitochondria from YAC18 and wild‐type FVB/NJ mice. Synaptic mitochondria from 12‐month‐old YAC128 mice had further augmented Ca2+ capacity compared with mitochondria from 2‐month‐old YAC128 mice and age‐matched YAC18 and FVB/NJ mice. This increase in Ca2+ uptake capacity correlated with an increase in the amount of mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt) associated with mitochondria from 12‐month‐old YAC128 mice. We speculate that this may happen because of mHtt‐mediated sequestration of free fatty acids thereby increasing resistance of mitochondria to Ca2+‐induced damage. In experiments with striatal neurons from YAC128 and FVB/NJ mice, brief exposure to 25 or 100 μM glutamate produced transient elevations in cytosolic Ca2+ followed by recovery to near resting levels. Following recovery of cytosolic Ca2+, mitochondrial depolarization with FCCP produced comparable elevations in cytosolic Ca2+, suggesting similar Ca2+ release and, consequently, Ca2+ loads in neuronal mitochondria from YAC128 and FVB/NJ mice. Together, our data argue against a detrimental effect of mHtt on Ca2+ handling in brain mitochondria of YAC128 mice.
Assessment of the Effect of Current Non-Uniformity on the ITER ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$  Good Joint Short Sample DC Performance

The DC performance of the so-called good joint Nb3Sn short sample conductor, measured in the SULTAN facility in 1999 with a progressively reduced (chopped) joint length, became worse as the joint became shorter. In this paper we present the analysis of those tests using the THELMA code. The results confirm quantitatively that the loss of performance was due to increasingly unbalanced current distribution. Once the unbalance due to the joint is properly modeled, the performance of the conductor can be fitted using the same extra longitudinal strain in the critical current scaling, proportional to the electromagnetic load but independent of the joint length.
Maternal Epstein‐Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections and risk of testicular cancer in the offspring: a nested case‐control study  

During recent decades the incidence of testicular cancer (TC) has increased rapidly around the world. Associated exogenous etiological factors might therefore be identifiable. We performed a case‐control study nested within Finnish, Swedish and Icelandic maternity cohorts exploiting early pregnancy serum samples to evaluate the role of congenital or neonatal infections with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) as risk factors of TC in the offspring. For each case‐index mother pair, three or four matched control‐control mother pairs were identified using national population registries. First trimester sera were retrieved from the index mothers of 66 TC cases and 258 matched control mothers, and were tested for antibodies to EBV and CMV. High level of maternal EBV IgG antibodies was associated with significantly increased risk of TC in the offspring (odds ratio (OR), 2.50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15, 5.40), especially with risk of non‐seminoma TC (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.25, 5.99) and non‐seminoma TC diagnosed under 8 years of age (OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.05, 7.04). In contrast, offspring of CMV IgG‐seropositive mothers had a decreased risk of TC diagnosed under 8 years of age (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14, 0.89). Our results suggest that EBV and CMV infections may be associated with TC.
[Risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases among sex workers in the interior of Piaui, Brazil].

OBJECTIVE To identify the risk factors for STD among female sex workers and the characteristics of this population, and to verify the association between condom use by their male partners and clients. METHOD Cross-sectional and correlational study conducted with 73 sex workers registered at the Sex Workers´ Association of the municipality of Picos -PI, Brazil. Data were collected in September and October 2010 using a questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic information and the participants´ background in the sex industry. Ethical aspects were observed. RESULTS There was no significant association between most of the sociodemographic variables and background in the sex industry and condom use by male partners or clients. However, there was a significant association with years in the sex industry (p = 0.029). Sex workers who had been in the industry for the longest used condoms for protection against sexually transmitted diseases. CONCLUSION It is essential to create health promotion strategies that observe the real-life experiences of sex workers.
Evaluating the Imperative of Intraorganizational Collaboration

“Collaboration” is a ubiquitously championed concept and widely recognized across the public and private sectors as the foundation on which the capacity for addressing complex issues is predicated. For those invested in organizational improvement, high-quality collaboration has become no less than an imperative. However, evaluators and program stakeholders often struggle to assess the quality of collaborative dynamics and the merits of collaborative structures. In this article, the authors describe an approach to demystifying and assessing interpersonal collaboration and use their consultancy work with school improvement stakeholders to illustrate a multistage collaboration evaluation process. Evaluators in a wide range of organizational settings are encouraged to utilize collaboration theory and the evaluation strategies presented herein to cultivate stakeholder capacity to understand, examine, and capitalize on the power of collaboration.