Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
National, Sectoral and Technological Innovation Systems: The Case of Taiwan's Pharmaceutical Industry

The pharmaceutical industry is a capital driven industry and is heavily dependent on R&D for new products and growth in a globalized economy. Since the 1980s, the Taiwan government has recognized that the pharmaceutical industry is important for Taiwan's future development, so the government has formulated national institutions to foster and innovate the development of the pharmaceutical industry. However, previous studies suggested that the innovation of Taiwan's pharmaceutical industry is incomplete. To address the problems and a uncover potential solution from a systematic perspective, this study aims to propose a multi-level framework consisting of national, sectoral and technological views for analyzing Taiwan's pharmaceutical industry. The framework allows providing the landscape of Taiwan's innovation capability in the pharmaceutical industry as well as systematically understands the interaction among government regulations, university researches, industrial evolutions, and market developments.
Quantized vortex dynamics and interaction patterns in superconductivity based on the reduced dynamical law

We study analytically and numerically stability and interaction patterns of quantized vortex lattices governed by the reduced dynamical lawa system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) - in superconductivity. By deriving several non-autonomous first integrals of the ODEs, we obtain qualitatively dynamical properties of a cluster of quantized vortices, including global existence, finite time collision, equilibrium solution and invariant solution manifolds. For a vortex lattice with 3 vortices, we establish orbital stability when they have the same winding number and find different collision patterns when they have different winding numbers. In addition, under several special initial setups, we can obtain analytical solutions for the nonlinear ODEs.
Characterization of MADS genes in the gymnosperm Gnetum parvifolium and its implication on the evolution of reproductive organs in seed plants

SUMMARY Gnetales, one of the extant gymnosperm orders, has traditionally been recognized to be most closely related to flowering plants, because the reproductive organ of Gnetales has some morphological characteristics similar to flowering plants. Most recent molecular phylogenetic studies do not support the sister relationship of the Gnetales and flowering plants, but instead support a close relationship between Gnetales and other extant gymnosperms. The MADS genes are transcription factors, some of which are involved in reproductive organ development in flowering plants. To resolve the discrepancy in phylogenetic inferences, and to provide insights into the evolution of reproductive organs in seed plants, four MADS genes (GpMADS1–4) were cloned from Gnetum parvifolium. GpMADS2 is likely to be a pseudogene and the other three genes were characterized. A MADS gene tree based on partial amino acid sequences showed that GpMADS3 is included in the AGL6 group, but the other two genes do not cluster with any previously reported MADS gene. The three GpMADS genes were expressed during the early stage of ovule development in the differentiating nucellus and three envelopes. A comparison of MADS gene expression among conifers, Gnetum, and flowering plants suggests that the comparable reproductive organs in Gnetum and flowering plants evolved in parallel, and is likely to support the homology between the ovule‐ovuliferous scale complex of conifers and the Gnetum ovules, including the three envelopes.
Seabirds as environmental indicators: the advantages of combining data sets

Breeding performance of seabirds reflects conditions in the marine environment, and seabirds are often considered suitable indicators because they are sensitive to variations in food sup- ply and relatively easy to observe. However, any individual parameter (e.g. breeding success of a particular species at one site) may also be affected by drivers other than food supply, and selecting a suitable univariate indicator can be difficult, particularly if independent estimates of food availability on the appropriate scale are unavailable. We propose combining several data sets to overcome this limitation: if a given temporal pattern occurs for several parameters measured at one site, or for the same parameter measured at several sites, it is likely to reflect important spatiotemporal environmen- tal variation, probably linked to food supply. Multivariate statistical techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA), can be used to extract common signals from a number of intercorrelated time series. Examples from seabirds in the North Sea demonstrate that such common signals are correlated with physical and biological environmental variables. We propose a preliminary 'North Sea seabird index' and discuss how this index could be used in ecosystem-based management.
Terapias complementares na enfermagem: levantamento bibliográfico

Este estudo e uma revisao de literatura em Enfermagem no periodo de 1980 a 2005 sobre terapias alternativas / complementares com o objetivo de identificar a producao cientifica nacional nesta area. Foram encontradas 107 publicacoes, sendo 87 artigos, 12 dissertacoes e 8 teses. Toque terapeutico e fitoterapia foram os temas mais publicados dentre as praticas complementares. As instituicoes que mais contribuiram com estudos derivados dos cursos de pos-graduacao foram a Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de Sao Paulo e a Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Os periodicos que mais publicaram sobre o assunto foram a Nursing - edicao brasileira e a Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP. (AU)
Performance analysis of HSPA Multi-carrier heterogeneous networks

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets), consisting of Macro NodeBs (macros) and low power Pico NodeBs (picos), can increase system capacity by offloading some users to the picos. However, this offloading may be limited due to intercell interference from macros to picos that reduces their coverage. HSPA Multi-carrier HetNets allow the use of range expansion techniques to achieve more offloading, such as power reduction from the macros on one carrier. This paper provides a system level analysis of the gain provided by power reduction on one carrier of the macros in a HetNet environment. As the interference from the macros is reduced, more capacity offloading to picos occurs and higher system capacity can be achieved. By considering cell biasing in serving cell selection, further gains can be observed.
Sulfated polyanions do not inhibit duck hepatitis B virus infection

On the basis of the antiviral action of sulfated polyanions in human immunodeficiency virus and other viral infections, we studied the effect of dextran sulfate and heparin on duck hepatitis B virus infection. These agents do not affect viral uptake and replication in liver cells in vitro or in vivo. Sulfated polyanions, therefore, appear to have no potential for the treatment of hepadnavirus infections.
Efficiency of Filter Bank Multicarrier Techniques in Burst Radio Transmission

The filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) technique has been proposed in the FP7 European research program, as an enhancement to the OFDM technique for future broadband radio systems. Besides gains in efficiency, mainly due to the absence of cyclic prefix, an important feature of FBMC is the absence of spectral leakage, which makes it particularly appealing for cognitive radio. However, in burst transmission, the filter impulse response introduces transitions which extend the length of the burst with respect to OFDM and may reduce the gains in efficiency. After a brief overview of the FBMC technique, the exploitation in burst transmission is discussed. The effect of cutting the initial and final transitions of the burst is investigated. The level of temporary spectral leakage introduced by this operation is assessed. It is shown that cuts leading to an increase in burst length of half a symbol with respect to OFDM affect the first and the last symbol only, resulting in a minor reduction in bit loading for these symbols. Application to the time division duplex access mode is considered, as well as the case of the presence of a preamble in the burst. For implementation, it is proposed to resort to a simple memory preloading technique, which has the advantage of compatibility with OFDM in dual mode systems.
Fundamental Study on Removal Arsenic by Magnetic Separation

In developing countries, arsenic pollution of drinking water is a serious problem and it is required to remove the arsenic species. The targeted value of residual arsenic concentration is 50 ppb, and the processing amount is 500 L/day. The requirement for the water purification system in developing country is maintenance ability by local staff, low-cost, and simple processing system. In this study high gradient magnetic separation using magnetic seeding agent was conducted with colloidal magnetite, which realizes large-scale and high-speed processing.
A Group Decision Making Procedure in the Context of Non-Uniform Qualitative Scales

Since the 1980s, studies of aggregation functions most often focus on the construction and formal analysis of diverse ways to summarize numerical lists with elements in some real interval. Quite recently, we also observe an increasing interest in aggregation of and aggregation on generic partially ordered sets. However, in many practical applications, we have no natural ordering of given data items. Thus, in this talk we review various aggregation methods in spaces equipped merely with a semimetric (distance, see [3]). These include the concept of such penalty minimizers as the centroid, 1-median, 1-center, medoid, and their generalizations – all leading to idempotent fusion functions (see, e.g., [1]). Special emphasis is placed on procedures to summarize vectors in R for d ≥ 2 (e.g., rows in numeric data frames) as well as character strings (e.g., DNA sequences), but of course the list of other interesting domains could go on forever (rankings, graphs, images, time series, and so on). We discuss some of their formal properties, exact or approximate (if the underlying optimization task is hard) algorithms to compute them (see, e.g., [4]) and their applications in clustering and classification tasks [2,5,6].
Consonant recognition with continuous-state hidden Markov models and perceptually-motivated features

Research into human perception of consonants has identified phoneme-specific perceptual cues. It has also been shown that the characteristics of the speech signal most useful for recognition depend on the specific speech sound. Typical ASR features and recognisers however neither vary with the type of sound nor relate directly to perceptual cues. We investigate classification and decoding of non-sonorant consonants using basic perceptually-motivated features – phoneme durations and energy in a few broad spectral bands. Our classification results using simple classifiers suggest that features optimal for human perception also perform best for machine classification. We show how characteristics of the models learned relate to knowledge of human speech perception. Recognition results using a continuous-state HMM (CSHMM) show accuracy similar to a discrete-state HMM with similar assumptions. We conclude by outlining how the CSHMM provides a mechanism to make use of other perceptually-important features by integration with similar models for recognition of voiced sounds.
TWO GRAMMATICAL INFERENCE APPLICATIONS IN MUSIC PROCESSING

This article reviews our work in the field of music processing (MP) using grammatical inference (GI), where regular grammars are used for modeling musical style. These models can be used to generate automatic composition (AC) and classify music by style (musical style identification) with their resulting applications. The latter, for instance, would improve content-based retrieval in multimedia databases, joining indexing by musical style to other suitable indexes. In this work, several GI techniques are used to learn from examples of melodies, stochastic grammars for different musical styles. Then, each of the learned grammars is used to generate new melodies (composition) or to classify test melodies (style identification). Our studies in this field show the need of proper music coding schemes, so different coding schemes are presented and compared. Results from our previous studies have been improved, achieving in style identification a classification error rate that ranges from 0.5 to 1.7%, depending on the corpus used.
Characterizing the dynamics of proteasome complexes by proteomics approaches.

SIGNIFICANCE The proteasome is the degradation machine of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is critical in controlling many essential biological processes. Aberrant regulation of proteasome-dependent protein degradation can lead to various human diseases, and general proteasome inhibitors have shown efficacy for cancer treatments. Though clinically effective, current proteasome inhibitors have detrimental side effects and, thus, better therapeutic strategies targeting proteasomes are needed. Therefore, a comprehensive characterization of proteasome complexes will provide the molecular details that are essential for developing new and improved drugs. RECENT ADVANCES New mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics approaches have been developed to study protein interaction networks and structural topologies of proteasome complexes. The results have helped define the dynamic proteomes of proteasome complexes, thus providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying proteasome function and regulation. CRITICAL ISSUES The proteasome exists as heterogeneous populations in tissues/cells, and its proteome is highly dynamic and complex. In addition, proteasome complexes are regulated by various mechanisms under different physiological conditions. Consequently, complete proteomic profiling of proteasome complexes remains a major challenge for the field. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We expect that proteomic methodologies enabling full characterization of proteasome complexes will continue to evolve. Further advances in MS instrumentation and protein separation techniques will be needed to facilitate the detailed proteomic analysis of low-abundance components and subpopulations of proteasome complexes. The results will help us understand proteasome biology as well as provide new therapeutic targets for disease diagnostics and treatment.
Molecular basis of Japanese variants of pyrimidine 5′‐nucleotidase deficiency

The type‐I isoform of pyrimidine 5′‐nucleotidase (P5N‐I) has an important role in the catabolism of pyrimidine mononucleotides during erythroid maturation. Two alternatively spliced forms of P5N‐I mRNA have been identified, and we found another alternatively spliced form in reticulocytes, which included an additional 87‐bp sequence. The sequence is located 6·2‐kb downstream of the exon 2 and 2·7‐kb upstream of the exon 3 sequence; consequently, the P5N‐I gene encodes 11 exons, which span approximately 48 kb. We identified five novel mutations in nine families with P5N‐I deficiency: two missense mutations (425C, 721C), one splice mutation (339C), one 1‐bp insertion (251‐insA‐252) and one 9‐bp deletion (del 192‐200). All patients were homozygous for each mutation. The mutant P5N‐I with 721C (G241R) had lower affinity for cytidine monophosphate, suggesting that Gly241 is important for substrate binding. Haplotype analysis showed that 721C, which had been identified in five unrelated families, was a founder mutation. The mutant P5N was then expressed in Cos‐7. The degradation of P5N with 425C (L142P) was significantly faster than a wild‐type control, and proteasome inhibitors restored the stability of L142P. These data suggest that L142P increases susceptibility to the degradation by the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway.
STEGANOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SECRET INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

Steganography is the art and science of hiding information. This paper introduces a technique for extracting secret information electronically encoded in most creative ways. We propose a system capable to detect (or extract) secret information using any generic steganalytic algorithm. The system is based on agent computing approach where the autonomic agent would traverse across several websites and detect any steganographic communication. If any such activity is detected it would report back to the concerned authority. Conceptual overview of the system, as well its design layout is presented. An illustrative example clarifies system’s functionality and performance.
Gene transfer to epidermal stem cells: implications for tissue engineering

The skin is an attractive target for gene therapy because it is easily accessible and shows great potential as an ectopic site for protein delivery in vivo. Genetically modified epidermal cells can be used to engineer three-dimensional skin substitutes, which when transplanted can act as in vivo ‘bioreactors’ for delivery of therapeutic proteins locally or systemically. Although some gene transfer technologies have the potential to afford permanent genetic modification, differentiation and eventual loss of genetically modified cells from the epidermis results in temporary transgene expression. Therefore, to achieve stable long-term gene expression, it is critical to deliver genes to epidermal stem cells, which possess unlimited growth potential and self-renewal capacity. This review discusses the recent advances in epidermal stem cell isolation, gene transfer and engineering of skin substitutes. Recent efforts that employ gene therapy and tissue engineering for the treatment of genetic diseases, chronic wounds and systemic disorders, such as leptin deficiency or diabetes, are reviewed. Finally, the use of gene-modified tissue-engineered skin as a biological model for understanding tissue development, wound healing and epithelial carcinogenesis is also discussed.
Remote Sensing Image Enhancement Based on Non-Local Means Filter in NSCT Domain

In this paper, a novel remote sensing image enhancement technique based on a non-local means filter in a nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) domain is proposed. The overall flow of the approach can be divided into the following steps: Firstly, the image is decomposed into one low-frequency sub-band and several high-frequency sub-bands with NSCT. Secondly, contrast stretching is adopted to deal with the low-frequency sub-band coefficients, and the non-local means filter is applied to suppress the noise contained in the first high-frequency sub-band coefficients. Thirdly, the processed coefficients are reconstructed with the inverse NSCT transform. Finally, the unsharp filter is used to enhance the details of the image. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance in remote sensing image enhancement than the existing approaches.
Prolactin regulates ZnT 2 expression through the JAK 2 / STAT 5 1 signaling pathway in mammary cells 2

28 The zinc transporter ZnT2 (SLC30A2) plays an important role in zinc secretion into milk during 29 lactation. The physiological process of mammary gland secretion is regulated through complex 30 integration of multiple lactogenic hormones. Prolactin plays a primary role in this regulation 31 through the activation of various signaling cascades including Jak2/STAT5, MAPK, p38 and 32 PI3K. The precise mechanisms which regulate the transfer of specific nutrients such as zinc into 33 milk are not well understood. Herein we report that prolactin increased ZnT2 abundance 34 transcriptionally in cultured mammary epithelial (HC11) cells. To delineate the responsible 35 mechanisms, we first determined that prolactin-mediated ZnT2 induction was inhibited by pre36 treatment with Jak2 inhibitor AG490, but not by the MAPK inhibitor PD98059. Using a 37 luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that ZnT2 promoter activity was increased by 38 prolactin treatment which was subsequently abolished by expression of a dominant-negative 39 STAT5 construct, implicating the Jak2/STAT5 signaling pathway in the transcriptional regulation 40 of ZnT2. Two putative consensus STAT5 binding sequences in the ZnT2 promoter were 41 identified (GAS1:-674 to -665 and GAS2:-377 to -368). Mutagenesis of the proximal GAS2 42 element resulted in complete abrogation of PRL-induced ZnT2 promoter activity. The promoter 43 incorporating the distal GAS1 mutation was only able to respond to very high PRL concentrations. 44 Results from both the mutagenesis and gel shift assays indicated that a co-operative relationship 45 exists between GAS1 and GAS2 for PRL-induced activation; however, the proximal GAS2 plays 46 a more critical role in STAT5-bound signal transduction as compared to the GAS1 element. 47 Finally, chromosome immunoprecipition assay further confirmed that prolactin activates STAT5 48 binding to the ZnT2 promoter in vivo. Taken together, these results illustrate that prolactin 49 regulates the transcription of ZnT2 through activation of the Jak2/STAT5 signaling pathway to 50 provide optimal zinc for secretion into milk during lactation. 51
Early onset of deformation in the neutron-deficient polonium isotopes

In-source laser spectroscopy has been performed at CERN-ISOLDE with the RILIS laser ion source on 191–204,206,208–211,216,218Po. New information on the β decay of 199Po were extracted in the process, challenging previous results. Large-scale atomic calculations were performed to extract the changes in the mean-square charge radius δ⟨r2⟩ from the isotope shifts. The δ⟨r2⟩ for the even-A isotopes reveal a large deviation from the spherical droplet model for N < 116.
Equity Prices, Productivity Growth and the New Economy

The sharp increase in equity prices over the 1990s was widely attributed to permanently higher productivity growth derived from the New Economy. This paper establishes a rational expectations model of technology innovations and equity prices, which shows that under plausible assumptions, productivity advances can only have temporary effects on the fundamentals of equity prices. Using historical data on productivity of R&D capital, patent capital and fixed capital for 11 OECD countries, empirical evidence give strong support for the model by suggesting that technological innovations indeed have only temporary effects on equity returns.
Bis(pentane-2,4-dionato)bis[2-(4-pyridyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide]nickel(II)

In the title compound, [Ni(C5H7O2)2(C12H16N3O2)], the NiII cation is hexacoordinated by four O and two N atoms, showing a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. The NiII cation lies on an inversion centre, as a consequence of which the asymmetric unit comprises one half-molecule. The four O atoms belonging to two pentane-2,4-dionate ligands lie in the equatorial plane and two pyridyl N atoms occupy the axial coordination sites.
Three-Dimensional Analytical Calculation of the Torque Between Permanent Magnets in Magnetic Bearings

In the high-precision industry, accurate vibration isolation and magnetic levitation are extremely important. As a result, high-performance vibration isolation and magnetic bearings based on permanent magnets are increasingly considered. This paper proposes improved analytical expressions for the torque on cuboidal permanent magnets applied to a magnetic bearing. These novel expressions are valid for any relative magnet position, especially when surfaces of the different magnets are in the same plane. Further, the torque can be obtained with respect to any reference point. Although these equations seem rather complicated, they enable an extremely fast and accurate calculation of the torque on a permanent magnet in the presence of a magnetic field of another permanent magnet. These properties enable a fast design and optimization process of such bearings using fully analytical expressions.