Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Role for Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptors in Synaptic Plasticity and Learning

A central concept in the field of learning and memory is that NMDARs are essential for synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Surprisingly then, multiple studies have found that behavioral experience can reduce or eliminate the contribution of these receptors to learning. The cellular mechanisms that mediate learning in the absence of NMDAR activation are currently unknown. To address this issue, we examined the contribution of Ca2+-permeable AMPARs to learning and plasticity in the hippocampus. Mutant mice were engineered with a conditional genetic deletion of GluR2 in the CA1 region of the hippocampus (GluR2-cKO mice). Electrophysiology experiments in these animals revealed a novel form of long-term potentiation (LTP) that was independent of NMDARs and mediated by GluR2-lacking Ca2+-permeable AMPARs. Behavioral analyses found that GluR2-cKO mice were impaired on multiple hippocampus-dependent learning tasks that required NMDAR activation. This suggests that AMPAR-mediated LTP interferes with NMDAR-dependent plasticity. In contrast, NMDAR-independent learning was normal in knockout mice and required the activation of Ca2+-permeable AMPARs. These results suggest that GluR2-lacking AMPARs play a functional and previously unidentified role in learning; they appear to mediate changes in synaptic strength that occur after plasticity has been established by NMDARs.
Percutaneous toxicity of dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in rats

Contact hypersensitivity reaction (CHS) is a T-cell-mediated skin inflammatory reaction to cutaneous exposure to small sensitizing chemicals, haptens. While the significance of local inflammatory skin response to the hapten application in CHS induction and expression is known, there is paucity of data concerning systemic inflammation in CHS. In this study, changes in cellular (peripheral blood granulocytes) and humoral (plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels) components of inflammation during sensitization of rats with two consecutive applications of dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were examined. The impact of sensitization on these parameters was determined by employing low (0.4%) and high (4%) hapten doses and by examining the dynamics (i.e. one and three days following the last application of DNCB) of these changes. Dose-dependent increase in relative numbers and priming (for respiratory burst and adhesion) effect of skin sensitization with DNCB on peripheral blood neutrophils in rats were noted. No changes in circulating TNF-α levels were observed following the sensitization. The increase in lung myeloperoxidase content and histologically evident presence of neutrophils was observed in lungs of the sensitized rats. The changes in granulocyte priming for adhesion might have accounted for the observed increase in lung neutrophil content in the sensitized rats.
Nucleoporin Phosphorylation Triggered by the Encephalomyocarditis Virus Leader Protein Is Mediated by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

ABSTRACT Cardioviruses disrupt nucleocytoplasmic transport through the activity of their leader (L) protein. We have shown that hyperphosphorylation of nuclear pore proteins (nucleoporins or Nups), including Nup62, Nup153, and Nup214, is central to this L protein function and requires one or more cytosolic kinases. In this study, potential cellular enzymes involved in encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) L-directed Nup phosphorylation were screened with a panel of specific, cell-permeating kinase inhibitors. Extracellular signal-regulated receptor kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors (U0126 and SB203580) were sufficient to block Nup hyperphosphorylation in EMCV-infected or L-expressing cells. Recombinant L alone, in the absence of infection, triggered activation of ERK and p38, independent of their upstream signaling cascades. Conserved residues within the L zinc finger (Cys19) and acidic domain (Asp48,51,52,55) were essential for this activation and for the phosphorylation of Nups, suggesting that the phenomena are linked. Analysis of the hyperphosphorylated Nup species revealed only phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues. The sizes of the tryptic phosphopeptides derived from Nup62 were compatible with sites in the Phe/Gly repeat domain which display common consensus sequences for ERK and p38 substrates. The results provide strong evidence that ERK and p38 are the probable effector kinases required for L-dependent inhibition of nuclear trafficking.
A supplementary text for courses on statistical methods in neuropsychology.

David Maroof in Statistical Methods in Neuropsychology: Common Procedures Made Comprehensible attempts to cover briefly a few statistical topics that are commonly used in neuropsychology rather than exhaustively delving into these topics. Maroof's goals are proffered in the preface: to " simplify material that is all too often, perhaps unwittingly, bemused by authors who place greater emphasis on the mathematical algorithms and principles that underpin statistical analyses rather than simply describing their applications, limitations, and interpretations " (p. v). Hence, Maroof aims for greater emphasis on the ideas behind the procedures that neuropsychologists use, and he puts much less emphasis on the details that underlie them.
Prognostic significance of progesterone receptor-positive tumor cells within immunohistochemically defined luminal A breast cancer.

PURPOSE Current immunohistochemical (IHC)-based definitions of luminal A and B breast cancers are imperfect when compared with multigene expression-based assays. In this study, we sought to improve the IHC subtyping by examining the pathologic and gene expression characteristics of genomically defined luminal A and B subtypes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Gene expression and pathologic features were collected from primary tumors across five independent cohorts: British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) tamoxifen-treated only, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama 9906 trial, BCCA no systemic treatment cohort, PAM50 microarray training data set, and a combined publicly available microarray data set. Optimal cutoffs of percentage of progesterone receptor (PR) -positive tumor cells to predict survival were derived and independently tested. Multivariable Cox models were used to test the prognostic significance. RESULTS Clinicopathologic comparisons among luminal A and B subtypes consistently identified higher rates of PR positivity, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negativity, and histologic grade 1 in luminal A tumors. Quantitative PR gene and protein expression were also found to be significantly higher in luminal A tumors. An empiric cutoff of more than 20% of PR-positive tumor cells was statistically chosen and proved significant for predicting survival differences within IHC-defined luminal A tumors independently of endocrine therapy administration. Finally, no additional prognostic value within hormonal receptor (HR) -positive/HER2-negative disease was observed with the use of the IHC4 score when intrinsic IHC-based subtypes were used that included the more than 20% PR-positive tumor cells and vice versa. CONCLUSION Semiquantitative IHC expression of PR adds prognostic value within the current IHC-based luminal A definition by improving the identification of good outcome breast cancers. The new proposed IHC-based definition of luminal A tumors is HR positive/HER2 negative/Ki-67 less than 14%, and PR more than 20%.
Target existence based resource allocation

Assume an ESA (electronically steered antenna) radar. In between the surveillance mode operations (where the radar completes one scan of the surveillance area), this radar has spare time for (at least one) additional mode which could be optimized for various special requirements. The optimization is often translated to the choice of the next track to update. In this paper we propose a resource allocation scheme designed to minimize the time to confirmation of tracks following new targets, as well as to minimize the time to terminate tracks whose targets are lost or have disappeared from the view. The resource allocation cost is a function of the probability of target existence of individual tracks. Simulation results show that resource allocation based on this cost significantly increases the number of targets that can be reliably tracked in the sense of them being quickly followed by confirmed tracks upon arrival, and of their tracks being quickly terminated when the targets themselves disappear. The penalty of this approach is an increase in the root mean square target trajectory estimation errors of confirmed true tracks, as they are not updated as often.
Factors Influencing the Psychological Adjustment to Cancer among Elderly Patients-Perception of Physical Symptoms, Physical Condition, and Self-efficacy

目的：高齢がん患者のがんへの心理的適応に影響する要因を知ることを目的として，身体症状に対する認知，身体的状況，セルフ・エフィカシーに着目し関連を検討した．方法：65歳以上の52名の高齢がん患者を対象とし，自記式の質問紙法を実施した．質問紙は，「末期がん患者用セルフ・エフィカシー尺度」「日本語版Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale」「VAS」「KPS」を用いた．Kendallのτと重回帰分析を用いて分析した．結果：「前向きな態度」と身体的状況，セルフ・エフィカシーとの間で有意な正の相関があり，「絶望感」と身体的状況，身体症状に対する認知，セルフ・エフィカシーとの間で有意な負の相関がみられた．さらに，影響要因を検討した結果，「絶望感」に対して身体的状況と身体症状に対する認知が各々有意に影響していた．結論：身体的状況と症状に対する認知を包括した看護ケアを提供することで絶望感が軽減できる可能性が示唆された．
Post-verification debugging of hierarchical designs

As VLSI designs grow in complexity and size, errors become more frequent and difficult to track. Recent developments have automated most of the verification tasks but debugging still remains a resource-intensive, manually conducted procedure. This paper bridges this gap as it develops robust automated debugging methodologies that complement verification processes. Unlike prior debugging techniques, the proposed one exploits the hierarchical nature of modern designs to improve the performance and quality of debugging. It also formulates the problem in terms of Quantified Boolean Formula Satisfiability to obtain dramatic reduction in memory requirements, which allows for debugging of large designs. Extensive experiments conducted on industrial and benchmark designs confirm the efficiency and practicality of the proposed approach.
Performance of Hidden Markov Models in Recovering the Standard Classification of Glycoside Hydrolases

Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are carbohydrate-active enzymes that assist the hydrolysis of glycoside bonds of complex sugars into carbohydrates. The current standard GH family classification is available in the CAZy database, which is based on the similarities of amino acid sequences and curated semi-automatically. However, with the exponential increase in data availability from genome sequences, automated classification methods are required for the fast annotation of coding sequences. Currently, the dbCAN database offers automatic annotations of signature domains from CAZy-defined classifications using a statistical approach, the hidden Markov models (HMMs). However, dbCAN does not contain the entire set of CAZy GH families. Moreover, no evaluation has been conducted so far of the viability of using HMM profiles as a means of automatically assigning GH amino acid sequences to the standard CAZy GH family classification itself. In this work, we performed a meta-analysis in which amino acid sequences from CAZy-defined GH families were used to build HMM family-specific profiles. We then queried a set with ~300 000 GH sequences against our database of HMM profiles estimated from CAZy families. We conducted the same evaluation against the available dbCAN HMM profiles. Our analyses recovered 65% of matches with the standard CAZy classification, whereas dbCAN HMMs resulted in 61% of matches. We also provided an analysis of the types of errors commonly found when HMMs are used to recover CAZy-based classifications. Although the performance of HMM was good, further developments are necessary for a fully automated classification of GH, allowing the standardization of GH classification among protein databases.
Noncommutative String Worldsheets from Matrix Models

We study dynamical effects of introducing noncommutativity on string worldsheets by using a matrix model obtained from the zero-volume limit of four-dimensional SU(N) Yang-Mills theory. Although the dimensionless noncommutativity parameter is of order 1/N, its effect is found to be non-negligible even in the large-N limit due to the existence of higher Fourier modes. We find that the Poisson bracket grows much faster than the Moyal bracket as we increase N, which means in particular that the two quantities do not coincide in the large-N limit. The well-known instability of bosonic worldsheets due to long spikes is shown to be cured by the noncommutativity. The extrinsic geometry of the worldsheet is described by a crumpled surface with a large Hausdorff dimension.
Adult children's socioeconomic resources and mothers' survival after a breast cancer diagnosis: a Swedish population-based cohort study

Objectives Socioeconomic inequalities in survival after breast cancer persist worldwide. We aim to determine whether adult offspring's socioeconomic resources contribute to inequalities in mothers' survival after breast cancer. Methods 14 231 women, aged 65–79 years, with a child aged ≥30 years and a first primary diagnosis of breast cancer in the National Cancer Register between 2001 and 2010 were followed until death, 10 years after diagnosis, or end of study (December 2015). Relative survival proportions and excess mortality within 10 years of diagnosis by strata of offspring's education level and disposable income were estimated using flexible parametric models accounting for measures of mothers' socioeconomic position and expected mortality in the general population. Results 4292 women died during 102 236 person-years of follow-up. Crude 10-year relative survival proportions for mothers of children with >14, 12–14 and <12 years of education were 0.89 (0.87 to 0.91), 0.87 (0.85 to 0.89) and 0.79 (0.76 to 0.81), respectively. Compared with mothers of children with >14 years of education, mothers of children with <12 or 12–14 years of education had substantially higher excess mortality (excess HR 1.69 (1.38 to 2.07) and 1.22 (1.00 to 1.48), respectively). Higher mortality did not differ between tertiles of offspring's disposable income. Conclusions Adult offspring's education level may contribute to inequalities in mothers' survival after breast cancer. Clinicians should be aware of the educational context beyond the individual and women with less educated offsprings may require extra support. This should be considered in future research, policy frameworks and interventions aimed at reducing survival inequalities.
1 A Model Driven Approach to Reliable Systems Provision 1

Early evaluation of software properties, including non-functional ones, is important in order to reduce costs in software development before resources have been allocated and decisions have been made. Dependability is one example of an important non-functional property and represents the ability to deliver service that justifiably can be trusted. One of the attributes encompassed by dependability is reliability, which is concerned with the correct delivery of software system service. The main purpose of our work is to provide reliability for software systems following a model driven development approach. The model driven development has gained a significant attention from the software engineering community recently, but there are still many issues it has to tackle. Among those issues, reliability is still an open issue, and where I focus my current work. In order to carry out reliability in the model driven development, I have devised some steps: • Notation enhancements-using the lightweigh mechanism of UML to create profiles with stereotypes, tagged values and constraints in order to express mechanisms that enhance the system reliability. [2] • Model enhancements-the model representation. • Analysis Technique (one family of analysis example) Throughout the process , we identified the need of an analysis technique: one that could be suitable for the early phase of software development. We realized that MDA needed to be extended to encompass software process. As a result, we propose a reliability analysis technique based on scenario specification, annotated with information derived from operational profiles: the components reliability and the transition probabilities between scenarios [5, 4, 3]. However there are some caveat to be considered before applying the model (see Section 1.2 based on the survey of [1]). • Deployment configuration and code generation. To understand how to accomplish the model driven reliability support, we depicted the overall process in Figure 1:
A dual-phase air quality monitoring system based on satellite data: Framework and preliminary evaluation

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and smoke are major pollutants, which are used to evaluate the air quality. This study developed a dual-phase air quality monitoring system to monitor the air quality, which based on the Shuffled Complex Evolution algorithm (SCE-UA), ground-based AQI data and satellite observations of NO2, SO2, and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). The system is implemented in two phases: the optimization of model coefficients and the air quality index (AQI) simulation. A comprehensive evaluation system of the air quality was then established. The model coefficients of the AQI regression model are optimized by the SCE-UA algorithm in the optimization phase, and the optimized coefficients are used as the final model coefficients in the AQI simulation phase. The experimental results indicate that the SCE-UA algorithm can effectively optimize the coefficients of the AQI regression model. It provides a promising solution to monitor the air quality through using the satellite observations and optimizing model coefficients.
Expression of Haras Oncogene Products in Human Neuroblastomas and the Significant Correlation with a Patient ' s Prognosis 1

Neuroblastomas represent a spectrum of diseases categorized by his tolÃ3gica! subtypes, age of the patient, and extent of tumor (stage) at diagnosis. In this study we analyzed Ha-ras p21 (protein with molecular weight of 21,000) expression immunohistochemically on 47 primary human neuroblastomas resected at diagnosis. The data demonstrate that the amount of the Ha-ras product correlates with a favorable prognosis (/' < 0.001) and early stages of disease at diagnosis (/' < 0.05). These findings from unmanipulated human neuroblastomas indicate that the Ila-ras gene product (p21) might play a role in the mechanism(s) con trolling aggressiveness in this type of tumor in vivo and that the Ha-ras p21 detected by a simple and reproducible immunohistochemical proce dure may be of clinical importance in predicting prognosis in patients with this malignancy.
Valve Lift Measurement for the Validation of a Compressor Simulation Model

The paper describes the use of a laser measuring system, to detect the movement of self acting valves used in reciprocating compressors. The valve movement is measured on real operation conditions. This is done by the use of an optical access through the shell and the suction muffler for the suction valve respectively through the cylinder head for the discharge valve. This was done to avoid every influence which is able to change the operating conditions of the compressor. The validation of the measuring system is carried out for the piston movement using the identical measuring system. These results are then used for the validation of a 1D compressor simulation model. In the 1 dimensional compressor model a spring-damping-mass model is used to evaluate the movement of the suction and discharge valves.
Histochemistry of the surface mucous gel layer of the human colon.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Histochemical analysis of the surface mucous gel layer of the human colon is difficult, as it dissolves in fixatives. This study was undertaken to explore the surface mucous gel layer on the normal mucosa and neoplastic tissues of the large intestine. In addition, the distribution of different mucins secreted from goblet cells was studied with a series of histochemical stains for mucins. METHODS: Twenty four surgically resected specimens were fixed in Carnoy's solution and embedded in paraffin. In four cases, the surface mucous gel layer was also studied in frozen sections. Serial sections were stained by a battery of histochemical techniques characterising mucins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The surface mucous gel layer consisted of the inner and outer layers. The first covered the luminal surface of the mucosa, consisted of mucins, and showed a vertical striped pattern. The second overlaid the first, showed a lateral striped pattern, and was contaminated with bacteria and other substances. Their thickness in paraffin sections varied considerably among the sites in the large intestine, but was the thickest in the rectum and measured 12.7 (SEM 6.0) microns and 88.8 (SEM 80.1) microns respectively. Mucins forming the inner layer were obviously derived from goblet cells underlying it.
Infant Formula Feeding at Birth Is Common and Inversely Associated with Subsequent Breastfeeding Behavior in Vietnam123

Background: The association between infant formula feeding at birth and subsequent feeding patterns in a low- or middle-income context is not clear. Objective: We examined the association of infant formula feeding during the first 3 d after birth with subsequent infant formula feeding and early breastfeeding cessation in Vietnam. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, we interviewed 10,681 mothers with children aged 0−23 mo (mean age: 8.2 mo; 52% boys) about their feeding practices during the first 3 d after birth and on the previous day. We used stratified analysis, multiple logistic regression, propensity score-matching analysis, and structural equation modeling to minimize the limitation of the cross-sectional design and to ensure the consistency of the findings. Results: Infant formula feeding during the first 3 d after birth (50%) was associated with a higher prevalence of subsequent infant formula feeding [stratified analysis: 7−28% higher (nonoverlapping 95% CIs for most comparisons); propensity score-matching analysis: 13% higher (P < 0.001); multiple logistic regression: OR: 1.47 (95% CI: 1.30, 1.67)]. This practice was also associated with a higher prevalence of early breastfeeding cessation (e.g., <24 mo) [propensity score-matching analysis: 2% (P = 0.08); OR: 1.33 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.59)]. Structural equation modeling showed that infant formula feeding during the first 3 d after birth was associated with a higher prevalence of subsequent infant formula feeding (β: 0.244; P < 0.001), which in turn was linked to early breastfeeding cessation (β: 0.285; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Infant formula feeding during the first 3 d after birth was associated with increased subsequent infant formula feeding and the early cessation of breastfeeding, which underscores the need to make early, exclusive breastfeeding normative and to create environments that support it.
Integrating Instructional Design and Hypermedia Design

The impact of new technologies in education has brought to the perception of an educational web site has a more or less standard features in several contexts. Yet, an analysis of the existing literature reveals that the practices of Instructional Design and Hypermedia Design have few if any contact points. We claim that an integration of the two processes – namely learning activities design and hypermedia design – would bring benefits in term of efficiency and effectiveness of the development process and quality of the final application. As a first step in this direction, we propose a general framework that integrates the existing approaches adopted in Instructional Design and Hypermedia Development for both design and for requirements analysis.