Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A multi-level-cell spin-transfer torque memory with series-stacked magnetotunnel junctions

We first report a multi-level-cell (MLC) spin-transfer torque memory (SPRAM) with series-connected magnetotunnel junctions (MTJs). The series MTJs (with different areas) show multi-level resistances by a combination of their magnetization directions. A four-level operation by spin-transfer-torque writing was experimentally demonstrated. A scheme for the write/read operation of the MLC SPRAM was also presented.
Relationship Between Audit Opinion And Credit Rating: Evidence From Korea

In this study, we investigate the relationship between credit ratings and audit opinions of financially distressed companies impending bankruptcy. Using Korean publicly-held firms for the years 2007 through 2014, we analyze 97 bankrupt companies with credit rating available before they file bankruptcy. Following prior research (Geiger et al., 2005), we find that the propensity to issue a going concern audit opinion is associated with the credit score issued by NICE immediately prior to the audit opinion date. We also compare credit ratings to audit opinions to investigate which of the two is more conservative and provides the earlier signal of bankruptcy. Through empirical test, we can conclude that audit system has more successfully predictive function in signaling preceding bankruptcy than CRAs' system with overly optimism. We argue that after a string of high-profile corporate failures such as Enron and Arthur Anderson’s bankruptcies, legislators portrayed auditors negatively and ultimately led to the enactment and more forced liabilities and thus auditors become more conservative. To remedy CRAs' failure by providing overly optimism, we suggest that like as auditors, CRAs' regulations should be more strengthened on their liability about issuing credit ratings.
Simulation of Switched Reluctance Motor Drive System Based on Multi-Physics Modeling Method

This paper presents a multi-physics modeling of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive system. The proposed framework includes a 2-D finite element model to simulate the magnetic field characteristics, and a multi-physics mechatronic model to simulate its electric field and controller properties. The obtained magnetic characteristics are used in the analytical modeling in the form of a lookup table. Dynamic performance parameters for SRM are directly calculated from the co-simulation platform. Current, torque, flux, and radial force under various operational conditions can then be simulated to evaluate the dynamic performance of a switched reluctance drive system. The control algorithm is then realized based on the co-simulation platform. Methodology to evaluate the dynamic performance for the SRM is shown in this paper. A three-phase 12/8 1.5 Kw SRM is used in this paper. Static magnetic characteristics and dynamic performance parameters for the SRM are shown and discussed in this paper.
Embedded smart home — remote lab grading in a MOOC with over 6000 participants

The popularity of MOOCs has increased considerably in the last years. A typical MOOC course consists of video content, self tests after a video and homework, which is normally in multiple choice format. After solving this homeworks for every week of a MOOC, the final exam certificate can be issued when the student has reached a sufficient score. There are also some attempts to include practical tasks, such as programming, in MOOCs for grading. Nevertheless, until now there is no known possibility to teach embedded system programming in a MOOC course where the programming can be done in a remote lab and where grading of the tasks is additionally possible. This embedded programming includes communication over GPIO pins to control LEDs and measure sensor values. We started a MOOC course called "Embedded Smart Home" as a pilot to prove the concept to teach real hardware programming in a MOOC environment under real life MOOC conditions with over 6000 students. Furthermore, also students with real hardware have the possibility to program on their own real hardware and grade their results in the MOOC course. Finally, we evaluate our approach and analyze the student acceptance of this approach to offer a course on embedded programming. We also analyze the hardware usage and working time of students solving tasks to find out if real hardware programming is an advantage and motivating achievement to support students learning success.
Postnatal development and localization of an N‐acetylgalactosamine containing glycoconjugate associated with nonpyramidal neurons in cat visual cortex

We have analyzed the appearance of N‐acetylgalactosamine containing glycogonjugates by staining sections of fixed cat visual cortex with the lectins from Vicia villosa (VVA) and Glycine max (SBA) conjugated to fluorescent labels, horseradish peroxidase, or biotin. The appearance of lectin staining during postnatal development followed an inside‐out gradient starting in the deep cortical layers at the fourth postnatal week, successively including more of the superficial layers during the first three postnatal months until labelled cells were present throughout layers II–VI at the seventh postnatal month. Staining was associated with the soma and proximal dendrites of bipolar and multipolar nonpyramidal neurons. Outside layer IV large neurons with basket cell and neurogliaform morphology predominated, whereas small multipolar cells were stained in layer IV. High power observation revealed a lattice‐like staining on neuronal surfaces. In the cortical white matter staining was found at the nodes of Ranvier.
MAXQDA and its Application to LIS Research

MAXQDA is a qualitative software to analyze mixed methods data and qualitative findings in the field of text, video, and photo which is used for explaining and theoretical analysis in the social and cultural phenomena. This study aims to review the software, especially for the LIS researchers to do their study in a scholastic manner. LIS researchers need to support and improve their study by preparing the qualitative data with MAXQDA, code with coding system and organize the data for analysis. Content analysis and thematic analysis are two types of the analysis which are completed by using this software. This software can be used by the researchers to classify the data. It is recommended to all the investigators to use MAXQDA as one of the leading software in their study. This paper will increase the knowledge about the use of qualitative research methods in the field Library and Information Science (LIS). Therefore, introducing this software to all researchers is necessary.
An Empirical Study of Life Insurance and Macro Economic Indicators

This study aims to identify macroeconomic factors that can be used to explain the variation in the demand of life insurance among developed, underdeveloped, and emerging countries in 2012. Data of 86 countries were used to conduct cross-sectional multiple regression. Results showed difference in life insurance demand across countries. Variables that explain the variation in 2012 are inflation, GDP growth, and amount of deposits.
CODE+: Building Common Ontology from Community Knowledge

A domain ontology is an ontology that describes the fundamental knowledge of the domain, including the domain vocabulary, concepts, taxonomy, relations, properties, constraints, and axioms. The creation of a domain ontology may be done manually from scratch by domain experts or translated from existing knowledge sources. Our earlier work in [4] presented a framework on building an ontology by matching and merging existing domain ontologies. In this paper, we expand the framework to include different types of community knowledge representations in a common ontology. A common ontology is a domain ontology that is developed from community knowledge by gathering their commonality. To build a common ontology, we standardize different community data format using a schema mediation notation. We apply rule-based mapping and information extraction methodology, and we perform matching, clustering and merging, to collect common knowledge together. The evaluation shows that our proposed framework can build a valid and rich common ontology.
Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) effects on cells and tissues: apoptosis induction and tumor growth inhibition

Pulse power technology using high intensity (up to 300 kV/cm) nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) has been applied for decontamination and amelioration of biofouling, but until now effects on human cells have not been investigated. To analyze structural and functional changes in human cells and solid tumors following exposure to nsPEF we utilized flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. We provide further support for the hypothesis that as the pulse duration is decreased, there is a lower incidence of electric field interactions at the plasma membrane and a higher incidence of interactions with intracellular structures. The nsPEF effects are pulse duration/electric field intensity-dependent and energy density- or temperature-independent. We also show that nsPEF induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) in cultured cells as indicated by cell shrinkage, Annexin-V-FITC binding to phosphatidylserine on intact cells, and caspase activation. Mouse fibrosarcoma tumors exposed to nsPEF exhibit fragmented DNA and reduced tumor growth in a mouse model. These studies show that nsPEF effects are distinctly different than electroporation pulses and provide the first evidence for the potential application of nsPEF to induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth.
Complement-Dependent Apoptosis and Inflammatory Gene Changes in Murine Lupus Cerebritis1

The role of complement activation in the brains of MRL/lpr lupus mice was determined using the potent C3 convertase inhibitor, CR1-related y (Crry), administered both as an overexpressing Crry transgene and as Crry-Ig. Prominent deposition of complement proteins C3 and C9 in brains of MRL/lpr mice was indicative of complement activation and was significantly reduced by Crry. Apoptosis was determined in brain using different independent measures of apoptosis, including TUNEL staining, DNA laddering, and caspase-3 activity, all of which were markedly increased in lupus mice and could be blocked by inhibiting complement with Crry. Complement activation releases inflammatory mediators that can induce apoptosis. The mRNA for potentially proinflammatory proteins such as TNFR1, inducible NO synthase, and ICAM-1 were up-regulated in brains of lupus mice. Crry prevented the increased expression of these inflammatory molecules, indicating that the changes were complement dependent. Furthermore, microarray analysis revealed complement-dependent up-regulation of glutamate receptor (AMPA-GluR) expression in lupus brains, which was also validated for AMPA-GluR1 mRNA and protein. Our results clearly demonstrate that apoptosis is a prominent feature in lupus brains. Complement activation products either directly and/or indirectly through TNFR1, ICAM-1, inducible NO synthase, and AMPA-GluR, all of which were altered in MRL/lpr mouse brains, have the potential to induce such apoptosis. These findings present the exciting possibility that complement inhibition is a therapeutic option for lupus cerebritis.
Study of Speech Signal Recognition and its Applications in Signal Image Processing

Speech recognition is the inter disciplinary sub-field of computational etymology that creates systems and innovations that empowers the recognition and interpretation of talked language into content by computers. Intelligent frameworks have the ability to display and take care of numerous issues of practical significance [5]. The most ideal approach to comprehend these frameworks is do plan and grow such frameworks which uncovered their different merits and detriments. This part exhibits the essential investigation procedure of speech signals that would additionally help us in utilizing speech as a mode of creating intelligent systems.
Triptolide Inhibits IFN‐γ Signaling via the Jak/STAT Pathway in HaCaT Keratinocytes

Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) signaling in keratinocytes plays an important role in IFN‐γ‐mediated skin inflammation involved in psoriasis. Blocking IFN‐γ signal transduction in keratinocytes could be a strategy for controlling inflammatory skin disorders. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. (T. wilfordii) has been used effectively in psoriasis treatment in China. Its therapeutic mechanism on IFN‐γ‐dependent inflammation has not been elucidated. Triptolide is one of main components of T. wilfordii's antiinflammatory and immune effects. This study aimed to explore the effects of triptolide on an rhIFN‐γ‐stimulated human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) in culture. The expression of IFN‐γ receptor α (IFN‐γRα), phospho‐Janus kinase2 (pJak2), phospho‐signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (pSTAT1) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) was detected by western blotting. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) on the HaCaT cell surface was determined by cell‐surface ELISA. The results demonstrated that triptolide inhibited the expression of IFN‐γRα (IC50 = 1.37 × 10−8 m), pJak2 (IC50 = 2.82 × 10−9 m) and pSTAT1 (IC50 = 1.29 × 10−9 m) in HaCaT cells. The expression of SOCS1 was up‐regulated (ED50 = 3.32 × 10−11 m). Triptolide also significantly reduced the expression of ICAM‐1 on the HaCaT cell surface (IC50 = 5.82 × 10−10 m). This study suggests that triptolide may contribute to the therapeutic value of T. wilfordii by modulating the IFN‐γ signal pathway in IFN‐γ‐dependent skin inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 40–67 GHz Power Amplifier With 13 dBm ${\rm P}_{\rm SAT}$ and 16% PAE in 28 nm CMOS LP

Pushed by the availability of large fractional bandwidths, many well-established applications are focusing mm-wave spectrum for product deployment. Generation of broadband power at mm-waves is challenging because a key target such as the efficiency trades with the gain-bandwidth (GBW) product. The major limit is the capacitive parasitics at the interstage between driver and power devices. The latter are designed with a large form factor so as to deliver the desired output power and are commonly biased in class-AB to achieve high drain efficiency, penalizing GBW. In this paper, a design methodology for interstage and output matching networks targeting large fractional bandwidth and high efficiency is proposed. Leveraging inductively coupled resonators, we apply Norton transformations for impedance scaling. In both networks, topological transformations are employed to include a transformer, achieve the desired load impedance and minimize the number of components. A two-stage differential PA with neutralized common source stages has been realized in 28 nm CMOS using low-power devices. The PA delivers 13 dBm saturated output power over the 40-67 GHz bandwidth with a peak power-added efficiency of 16% without power combining. To the best of author's knowledge, the presented PA shows state-of-the-art performances with the largest fractional bandwidth among bulk CMOS mm-wave PAs reported so far.
Swine composite tissue allotransplant model for preclinical hand transplant studies

Our laboratory previously developed and used an orthotopic radial forelimb osteomyocutaneous flap in the pig as a preclinical composite tissue allograft (CTA) model. To ensure that it mimicked the clinical situation as closely as possible we developed this model taking many immunologic and reconstructive considerations into account. While our original pig CTA model was ideal for studying the methods of preventing skin, muscle, bone, vessel and nerve rejection, and systemic toxicity, it did not include specialized tissues/structures of a joint and digit. Therefore, we were unable to evaluate rejection of these specialized tissues and their functional properties. Recognizing the importance of assessing joint rejection and function in hand transplantation research we developed a new swine forelimb CTA model that included the animal's medial digit. The present study describes the anatomy and the transplantation technique used in this new preclinical CTA model. We transplanted a radial osteomyocutaneous flap that included the medial digit between two size‐ (17–21 kg) and age‐ (6–8‐week) matched farm pigs. We removed the digit from the recipient pig's forelimb in continuity with a section of the radial bone and replaced it with the same structure transplanted from a donor pig. After transplantation, a full‐length cast was placed on the recipient pig's operated limb and changes in flap color, temperature and the presence of edema were monitored continuously for 6 h, and then regularly at predetermined intervals over 4 days. No weight bearing restrictions were placed on the animal's operated limb. After 4 days, the animal was euthanized. Direct visual monitoring of the allograft during 4 days revealed it was viable with no signs of graft failure due to technical complications associated with the transplant procedure. Upon waking from anesthesia, the animal stood and wandered freely about its cage with no apparent difficulty. Based on the animal's high level of activity at this time, we concluded that the procedure caused it minimal morbidity. At 4 days after the operation, early signs of rejection (skin erythema and edema) were observed. By incorporating a digit into our original CTA pig forelimb model we have made it a better model for performing preclinical hand transplant studies. The added advantage of being able to assess methods of preventing rejection in the specialized joint/digital tissues (articular cartilage, digital flexor and extensor systems, the nail complex) and assess long‐term function of these structures is important. The fact that the procedure does not cause major morbidity to the animal makes it possible to conduct long‐term graft survival and functional studies. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsugery 20:400–406 2000
Methodology of the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles.

"The preparation and fieldwork for the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles was carried out between 1987-1991. The survey was a combination of a face-to-face interview and self-completion questionnaire and comprised 18,876 individuals aged 16-59 years in Great Britain. The response rate was similar to other sample surveys on less sensitive topics. Women were overrepresented but the distributions of other demographic characteristics were similar to other data sets. The external validity and internal consistency of the data were found to be adequate. The likely sources and effects of bias are discussed. "
[Archival tags and geolocation methods for marine animals: A review].

Archival tags, a group of data storable electronic tags, are widely used as strong tools for obtaining long term and large scale activity information of marine animals, specifically highly migratory oceanic fishes, and corresponding environmental data. Though retrieving tags is an indispensable step for obtaining data, which is a shortage of archival tags, a series of achievements have been made on marine animals by using archival tags since the 1990s. With the appearance of pop-up satellite tag, which solved the problem of data retrieving and was fully independent of the fishing, both breadth and depth of marine animals' studies are extended by the end of the 1990s. Geolocation based on light intensity is the key to estimate marine animals' movement and has achieved some progress in the past 20 years. However, the accuracy of geolocation for latitude is not high enough, and there is still much room for improvement. To date, most geolocation methods that use ambient daylight involve identifying the times when the sun is at a precisely known zenith angle (e.g., sunrise and sunset). The problem of estimating longitude has been proved easy to solve, but accurate latitude estimates remain elusive. This paper mainly introduced two tags, i. e. , archival tags and pop-up tags, and three geolocation methods, i.e. , 1) the "fixed reference" method, 2) the "variable reference" method, and 3) the "reflection" method. We also presented a prospect analysis on archival tags and possible research direction of geolocation methods. We believed that miniaturization and multi-sensor integration are the trends for electronic tags while more environmental factors such as depth, SST (sea surface temperature) or magnetic field intensity, instead of single factor, as auxiliary parameters would be used for improving the geolocation accuracy in the future.
Getting to Know You: Exploring the Development of Relational Intimacy in Computer-mediated Communication

This study investigates the development of relational intimacy in computer-mediated communication (CMC) by comparing it to face-to-face (FTF) interaction in a laboratory experiment. It also examines the influence of task type, gender, and group composition. Using a mixed-model factorial design, zero-history participants (n = .48) were grouped into dyads and asked to cooperate on low- and high-equivocality tasks over a series of three meetings conducted on three consecutive days. Results indicate that relational intimacy increased over time, but a significant interaction with medium and subsequent analyses reveal that this was only true for the CMC condition. Task type also interacted with time, but it did not have a significant effect on relational intimacy, nor did it interact with medium. Similarly, there was no main effect for either participant gender or group composition, nor did these factors interact with medium. The findings provide some support for the hyperpersonal communication model (Walther, 1996), which predicts that, under certain circumstances, interpersonal relationships can develop in CMC to a greater extent than they can in FTF interactions.
Inclusion of Fathers in an Intervention to Promote Breastfeeding: Impact on Breastfeeding Rates

This controlled clinical trial, conducted in southern Brazil, assessed the impact of paternal inclusion in a breastfeeding education program carried out in a maternity hospital. Rates of breastfeeding in the first 6 months of babies' lives were measured in 586 families: 201 in the control group, 192 in the group with only mothers exposed to the intervention, and 193 in the group with mothers and fathers exposed to the intervention. Paternal inclusion significantly increased the rates of exclusive breastfeeding but not the rates of any breastfeeding. Intervention with fathers with less than 8 years of schooling resulted in a decrease in the rate of breastfeeding when compared with the intervention with mothers only. The likelihood of success might have been greater if the cultural and behavioral complexities associated with this practice had received more attention. J Hum Lact. 24(4):386-392. Este estudio clínico controlado, llevado a cabo en el sur de Brasil, evaluó el impacto de incluir al padre en el programa de educación sobre lactancia en el servicio de maternidad en el hospital. Se midieron los índices de lactancia materna en los primeros seis meses en 586 familias; 201 en el grupo control, 192 en el grupo de solo madres expuestas a la intervención, y 193 en el grupo de madres y padres expuestos a la intervención. La inclusión paterna aumento significativamente los índices de lactancia materna exclusiva pero no los índices de cualquier tipo de lactancia. La intervención con padres con menos de 8 años de escolaridad resultó en la disminución de los índices de lactancia cuando se compararon con el grupo de intervención de madres solamente. La probabilidad de éxito pudo haber sido mayor si se hubiera tenido en cuenta la asociación de la complejidad cultural y de comportamiento.