Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Being Asian American

The interplay between individualist and collectivist orientations, ethnic identity, and beliefs about stereotypes was explored among Asian Americans. The authors proposed four components of Asian American Identity: feelings of interdependence with family, a sense of connectedness to heritage and tradition, a belief that achievement would reflect well on one's family and group generally, and an awareness of structural barriers and racism. A sample of 162 Asian American university students perceived stereotypes about Asian Americans as focusing primarily on school achievement and secondarily on social attributes. Although rarely engaging in strategies to avoid being academically labeled, students engaged in strategies to avoid labeling in other domains. Students varied in their valuation of the model minority label, with those high in Asian American Identity, collectivism, and work ethic more likely to view the label positively.
Programming Cells for Dynamic Assembly of Inorganic Nano‐Objects with Spatiotemporal Control

Programming living cells to organize inorganic nano‐objects (NOs) in a spatiotemporally precise fashion would advance new techniques for creating ordered ensembles of NOs and new bio–abiotic hybrid materials with emerging functionalities. Bacterial cells often grow in cellular communities called biofilms. Here, a strategy is reported for programming dynamic biofilm formation for the synchronized assembly of discrete NOs or hetero‐nanostructures on diverse interfaces in a dynamic, scalable, and hierarchical fashion. By engineering Escherichia coli to sense blue light and respond by producing biofilm curli fibers, biofilm formation is spatially controlled and the patterned NOs' assembly is simultaneously achieved. Diverse and complex fluorescent quantum dot patterns with a minimum patterning resolution of 100 µm are demonstrated. By temporally controlling the sequential addition of NOs into the culture, multilayered heterostructured thin films are fabricated through autonomous layer‐by‐layer assembly. It is demonstrated that biologically dynamic self‐assembly can be used to advance a new repertoire of nanotechnologies and materials with increasing complexity that would be otherwise challenging to produce.
[Nutrition assessment].

COURSE GOALS & OBJECTIVES 1. To become familiar with the current best practices in dietary, biochemical, and anthropometric assessment of nutritional status. 2. To know the rationales, advantages, and disadvantages of these various approaches to nutritional assessment, including comparison of the reliability and validity, cost, burden, and feasibility of different methods in research and clinical practice. 3. To apply this knowledge to select nutrition assessment methods for hypothetical clinical and research situations.
Socio-economic disparities of childhood body mass index in a newly developed population: evidence from Hong Kong's ‘Children of 1997’ birth cohort

Background Childhood adiposity in developed countries is often associated with lower socio-economic position (SEP) of the family and neighbourhood. However, the association of adiposity with SEP varies with national income. The authors examined whether childhood BMI was associated with family or neighbourhood socio-economic characteristics in a recently and rapidly developed Chinese population. Methods The authors used multilevel modelling in Hong Kong's population-representative ‘Children of 1997’ birth cohort (n=8327) to examine the association of BMI z-score and overweight (including obesity) at ages 6–11 years with parental education, mother's birthplace, sex and neighbourhood median income. Results In 7108 (85 % successful follow-up) children, boys were more adipose than girls. The association of parental education with BMI z-score varied with mother's birthplace (p value for interaction 0.001). In children of Hong Kong-born mothers, parental education was negatively associated with BMI z-score (mean difference −0.15, 95% CI −0.25 to −0.05 for highest compared with lowest). However, in children of mainland China-born mothers, parental education was positively associated with BMI z-score (0.18, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.34 in the same comparison). Neighbourhood had no association with BMI z-score. Conclusions In this recently developed Chinese population, there was no consistent association between socio-economic characteristics and childhood BMI. Other factors, such as experience of economic transition, as proxied by mother's place of birth, exerted a modifying impact. The cultural and biological mechanisms underlying these socio-historical intergenerational influences need to be determined, so that effective interventions can be implemented in China and elsewhere.
Dynamic Pricing and Traffic Engineering for Timely Inter-Datacenter Transfers

Neither traffic engineering nor fixed prices (e.g., \$/GB) alone fully address the challenges of highly utilized inter-datacenter WANs. The former offers more service to users who overstate their demands and poor service overall. The latter offers no service guarantees to customers, and providers have no lever to steer customer demand to lightly loaded paths/times. To address these issues, we design and evaluate Pretium -- a framework that combines dynamic pricing with traffic engineering for inter-datacenter bandwidth. In Pretium, users specify their required rates or transfer sizes with deadlines, and a price module generates a price quote for different guarantees (promises) on these requests. The price quote is generated using internal prices (which can vary over time and links) which are maintained and periodically updated by Pretium based on history. A supplementary schedule adjustment module gears the agreed-upon network transfers towards an efficient operating point by optimizing time-varying operation costs. Experiments using traces from a large production WAN show that Pretium improves total system efficiency (value of routed transfers minus operation costs) by more than 3.5X relative to current usage-based pricing schemes, while increasing the provider profits by 2X.
Inhibition of Hemagglutinins by Amino Acids *

L'agglutination des érythrocytes humains par différents types d'hémagglutinines est inhibée par certains acides aminés à haute concentration, plus particulièrement, la L‐cystéine, la L‐histidine, et la L‐lysine, toutefois, il est possible que cette inhibition soit non‐spécifique. La lysine, en particulier, semble inhiber la plupart des agglutinines utilisées. La fixation des protéines non‐spécifiques obtenues à partir de la fève de Sieva Lima est partiellement inhibée par le L‐tryptophane et par la cytidine. On espère que ces observations pourront avoir une importance pratique.
Conceptualization and measurement of getting lost behavior in persons with early dementia

The primary purpose of this preliminary research was to describe the psychometric properties of a newly‐developed Everyday Spatial Questionnaire for Dementia‐patient version (ESQD‐P) in a Chinese population. A secondary goal was to assess the relationship between executive functions and wayfinding strategy application. The ESQD‐P is a measure for the phenomenon of ‘getting lost behavior’ (GLB) reported by early Alzheimer's disease sufferers, based on the concept of spatial problem‐solving.
Promoting innovation: A change study

This paper considers how employee innovation develops during the course of introducing team-working for production-related staff. Longitudinal analysis revealed that different predictors were active at different phases. At first, changes in idea implementation were related to changes in management support. Subsequently, changes in suggestion making were associated with changes in job control and changes in idea implementation were linked to changes in team support for innovation. Results are consistent with the developmental notion that, whilst external support is an important predictor of innovation initially, structural job changes and local regulation are more important later.
University of Birmingham Direct real-time neural evidence for task-set inertia

One influential explanation for the costs incurred when switching between tasks is that they reflect interference arising from completing the previous task—known as task-set inertia. We report a novel approach for assessing task-set inertia in a memory experiment using event-related potentials (ERPs). After a study phase, participants completed a test block in which they switched between a memory task (retrieving information from the study phase) and a perceptual task. These tasks alternated every two trials. An ERP index of the retrieval of study information was evident in the memory task. It was also present on the first trial of the perceptual task but was markedly attenuated on the second. Moreover, this task-irrelevant ERP activity was positively correlated with a behavioral cost associated with switching between tasks. This real-time measure of neural activity thus provides direct evidence of task-set inertia, its duration, and the functional role it plays in switch costs.
Incidence and Correlates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Battered Women

Battered women have been identified as being at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study further articulated the nature of the relationship between the trauma of battery and PTSD. One hundred seventy-nine battered women and 48 nonbattered but verbally abused women were recruited from several sources (shelters, support groups, therapist referrals, community). Battered women with and without PTSD were compared with the finding that battered women with PTSD had experienced more physical abuse, more verbal abuse, more injuries, a greater sense of threat, and more forced sex than battered women without PTSD. Eighty-one percent of the physically abused group met the criteria for the PTSD diagnosis, although 63% of the verbally abused group met the criteria. In multiple regression analyses in the battered sample, the strongest predictors of extent of PTSD were (in order of variance explained) the use of disengagement coping strategies to handle the battery, experiencing of negative life events, the battery experience, and lack of perceived social support. The diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder is important to consider when a woman has experienced a physically abusive relationship, but also when the experience has been of a verbally abusive relationship. It also is important to assess coping strategies, social support, and stressors to evaluate the potential psychological impact of the abuse.
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Are emm Type-Specific in Highly Prevalent Group A Streptococci

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are the bacterial adaptive immune system against foreign nucleic acids. Given the variable nature of CRISPR, it could be a good marker for molecular epidemiology. Group A streptococcus is one of the major human pathogens. It has two CRISPR loci, including CRISPR01 and CRISPR02. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of CRISPR-associated gene cassettes (cas) and CRISPR arrays in highly prevalent emm types. The cas cassette and CRISPR array in two CRISPR loci were analyzed in a total of 332 strains, including emm1, emm3, emm4, emm12, and emm28 strains. The CRISPR type was defined by the spacer content of each CRISPR array. All strains had at least one cas cassette or CRISPR array. More than 90% of the spacers were found in one emm type, specifically. Comparing the consistency between emm and CRISPR types by Simpson’s index of diversity and the adjusted Wallace coefficient, CRISPR01 type was concordant to emm type, and CRISPR02 showed unidirectional congruence to emm type, suggesting that at least for the majority of isolates causing infection in high income countries, the emm type can be inferred from CRISPR analysis, which can further discriminate isolates sharing the same emm type.
Personality and team performance: a meta‐analysis

Using a meta‐analytical procedure, the relationship between team composition in terms of the Big‐Five personality traits (trait elevation and variability) and team performance were researched. The number of teams upon which analyses were performed ranged from 106 to 527. For the total sample, significant effects were found for elevation in agreeableness (ρ = 0.24) and conscientiousness (ρ = 0.20), and for variability in agreeableness (ρ = −0.12) and conscientiousness (ρ = −0.24). Moderation by type of team was tested for professional teams versus student teams. Moderation results for agreeableness and conscientiousness were in line with the total sample results. However, student and professional teams differed in effects for emotional stability and openness to experience. Based on these results, suggestions for future team composition research are presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross-Community Contact, Perceived Status Differences, and Intergroup Attitudes in Northern Ireland: The Mediating Roles of Individual-level versus Group-level Threats and the Moderating Role of Social Identification

level mediators in the model. We examined the idea that the strength of ingroup identifi cation moderates the predictive power of individual- versus group-level variables. Both contact and relative ingroup status predicted anxiety and perceived threats to the ingroup, which were significant mediators in the model. Our results also suggest that while anxiety predicts attitudes for low but not high identifiers, symbolic threats to the ingroup are more important for high than for low identifiers. There was also some evidence indicating that
Disturbing Notions of Chronic Illness and Individual Responsibility: Towards a Genealogy of Morals

This article seeks to demonstrate that chronic illness is increasingly being viewed as culpability in the face of known risks, an instance of moral failure that requires the intervention of a range of political technologies. I argue that, in many western nations, it is becoming less acceptable to enter and remain in a physically incapacitated state: it clashes too uncomfortably with the image of the ‘good citizen’ as someone who actively participates in social and economic life, makes rational choices and is independent, self-reliant and responsible. By engaging in a genealogical analysis of chronic illness and individual responsibility, exploring how they are placed within the framework of contemporary ‘risk-society’, employing the insights derived from recent governmentality studies and developing a case study based on the current Australian experience with health promotion and welfare reform, I investigate the ways in which the concepts of health and illness are currently being deployed as tools of ‘government’.
Entanglement of superconducting charge qubits by homodyne measurement

We present a scheme by which projective homodyne measurement of a microwave resonator can be used to generate entanglement between two superconducting charge qubits coupled to this resonator. The non-interacting qubits are initialized in a product of their ground states, the resonator is initialized in a coherent field state, and the state of the system is allowed to evolve under a rotating wave Hamiltonian. Making a homodyne measurement on the resonator at a given time projects the qubits into a state of the form . This protocol can produce states with a fidelity as high as required, with a probability approaching 0.5. Although the system described is one that can be used to display revival in the qubit oscillations, we show that the entanglement procedure works at much shorter timescales.
Clinico-epidemiological profile of tobacco users attending a tobacco cessation clinic in a teaching hospital in Bangalore city

Background: Tobacco-attributable mortality in India is estimated to be at least 10%. Tobacco cessation is more likely to avert millions of deaths before 2050 than prevention of tobacco use initiation. Objective: To describe the clinico-epidemiological profile of attendees of a tobacco cessation clinic in a teaching hospital in Bangalore city. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study of 189 attendees seen over 2 years in the Tobacco Cessation Clinic of a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Bangalore, with information on socio demographic characteristics, tobacco-use details, nicotine dependence, family/medical history, past quit attempts, baseline stage-of-change, and treatment initiated. Results: Only 5% were ‘walk-in’ patients; 98% of attendees were smokers; 97% were males. The mean (±SD) age of attendees was 48.0 (±14.0) years. Most participants were married (88%), and predominantly urban (69%). About 62% had completed at least 8 years of schooling. Two-thirds of smokers reported high levels of nicotine dependence (Fagerström score >5/10). About 43% of patients had attempted quitting earlier. Four-fifths (79%) of tobacco-users reported a family member using tobacco. Commonly documented comorbidities included: Chronic respiratory disease (44%), hypertension (23%), diabetes (12%), tuberculosis (9%), myocardial infarction (2%), stroke (1%), sexual dysfunction (1%) and cancer (0.5%). About 52% reported concomitant alcohol use. At baseline, patients’ motivational stage was: Precontemplation (14%), contemplation (48%), preparation/action (37%) and maintenance (1%). Treatment modalities started were: Counseling alone (41%), nicotine replacement therapy alone (NRT) (34%), medication alone (13%), and NRT+medication (12%). Conclusions: This is the first study of the baseline profile of patients attending a tobacco cessation clinic located within a chest medicine department in India. Important determinants of outcome have been captured for follow-up and prospective documentation of outcomes.
FRAMES AS CODES FOR STRUCTURED ERASURES

This dissertation studies the role of frames as codes. Frames are families of vectors that give rise to embeddings of Hilbert spaces. These embeddings can be interpreted as codes, because possible linear dependencies among frame vectors can be used to recover missing components in the embedded data, so-called erasures. This dissertation is dedicated to structured erasures. One type of structured erasure occurs when consecutive frame coefficients are lost due to the occurrence of random burst errors. Assuming that the distribution of bursts is invariant under cyclic shifts and that the burst-length statistics are known, we wish to find frames of a given size, which minimize the mean-square reconstruction error for the encoding of vectors in a complex finite-dimensional Hilbert space. We derive statistical error bounds for a given Parseval frame and relate them to its generalized frame potential. In the case of cyclic Parseval frames, we find a family of frames which minimizes the upper bound. Under certain conditions, these minimizers are identical to complex BoseChaudhuri-Hocquenghem(BCH) codes discussed in the literature. The accuracy of our upper bounds for the mean-square error is substantiated by complementary lower bounds. Another part of the dissertation concerns the transmission of digital media, typically following a protocol that splits data into a number of packets having a fixed size. When such packets are sent over a network such as the Internet, there is in principle no guarantee of reliability, that is, the contents of each packet may become corrupted in the course of transmission or entire packets may be lost due to buffer overflows. We assume that during the transmission, only a few of these packets are
Effectiveness of root canal debris removal using passive ultrasound irrigation with chlorhexidine digluconate or sodium hypochlorite individually or in combination as irrigants.

AIM The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cleaning capacity of different auxiliary chemical substances energized with ultrasound in radicular dentin using morphologic analysis. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty-eight single-canal, mandibular incisors were prepared with the Hero 642 canal preparation system following the sequence: 25/12, 30/06, 35/02, and 40/02, 1 mm from the apex. The specimens were then divided into four groups of seven teeth. During biomechanical preparation the teeth were irrigated with 2 ml of distilled water between files. Each group of specimens (n=7) received a final irrigation with 100 ml of the following irrigants that were activated with ultrasound for 3 minutes: Group 1- distilled water; Group 2- 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX); Group 3- 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); and Group 4-the filtrate obtained after combining 0.2% CHX and 2.5% NaOCl. The apical portions of the root canals from each group were then submitted to histological processing and analyzed using optical microscopy. RESULTS Results showed statistical differences between the groups (p<0.01). Groups 1 and 2 (distilled water and 0.2% CHX respectively) were statistically similar in terms of a greater amount of debris, whereas 2.5% NaOCl and the filtrate were more efficient in removal of debris. CONCLUSION There is no additional benefit in terms of debris removal from root canal walls by irrigating with the filtrate obtained from the combination of NaOCl and CHX when compared to using NaOCl alone. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The findings of this study suggest the time and expense of preparing and using a combination of NaOCl and CHX is not warranted compared to using NaOCl alone for root canal irrigation.
Ambulatory Estimation of Center of Mass Displacement During Walking

The center of mass (CoM) and the center of pressure (CoP) are two variables that are crucial in assessing energy expenditure and stability of human walking. The purpose of this study is to estimate the CoM displacement continuously using an ambulatory measurement system. The measurement system consists of instrumented shoes with 6 DOF force/moment sensors beneath the heels and the fore-feet. Moreover, two inertial sensors are rigidly attached to the force/moment sensors for the estimation of position and orientation. The estimation of CoM displacement is achieved by fusing low-pass filtered CoP data with high-pass filtered double integrated CoM acceleration, both estimated using the instrumented shoes. Optimal cutoff frequencies for the low-pass and high-pass filters appeared to be 0.2 Hz for the horizontal direction and 0.5 Hz for the vertical direction. The CoM estimation using this ambulatory measurement system was compared to CoM estimation using an optical reference system based on the segmental kinematics method. The rms difference of each component of the CoM displacement averaged over a hundred trials obtained from seven stroke patients was (0.020 plusmn 0.007) m (mean plusmn standard deviation) for the forward x-direction, (0.013 plusmn 0.005) m for the lateral y-direction, and (0.007 plusmn 0.001) m for the upward z-direction. Based on the results presented in this study, it is concluded that the instrumented shoe concept allows accurate and continuous estimation of CoM displacement under ambulatory conditions.