Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Which Way Am I Facing: Inferring Horizontal Device Orientation from an Accelerometer Signal

We present a method to infer the orientation of mobile device carried in a pocket from the acceleration signal acquired when the user is walking. Whereas previous work has shown how to determine the the orientation in the vertical plane (angle towards earth gravity), we demonstrate how to compute the orientation within the horizontal plane. To validate our method we compare the output of our method with GPS heading information when walking in a straight line. On a total of 16 different orientations and traces we have a mean difference of 5 degrees with 2.5 degrees standard deviation.
Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation in Acute Lacunar and Middle Cerebral Artery Territory Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— We addressed whether dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) is affected in middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory (MCAS) and lacunar ischemic stroke (LS). Methods— Blood pressure (MAP) and MCA velocity (V) were measured in 10 patients with large MCAS (National Institutes of Health Stroke score, 17±2; mean±SEM), in 10 with LS (score, 9±1), and in 10 reference subjects. dCA was evaluated in time (delay of the MCA Vmean counter-regulation during changes in MAP) and frequency domains (cross-spectral MCA Vmean-to-MAP phase lead). Results— In reference subjects, latencies for MAP increments (5.3±0.5 seconds) and decrements (5.6±0.5 seconds) were comparable, and low frequency MCA Vmean-to-MAP phase lead was 56±5 and 59±5° (left and right hemisphere). In MCAS, these latencies were 4.6±0.7 and 5.6±0.5 seconds in the nonischemic hemisphere and not detectable in the ischemic hemisphere. In the unaffected hemisphere, phase lead was 61±6° versus 26±6° on the ischemic side (P<0.05). In LS, no latency and smaller phase lead bilaterally (32±6 and 33±5°) conformed to globally impaired dCA. Conclusions— In large MCAS infarcts, dynamic cerebral autoregulation was impaired in the affected hemisphere. In LS, dynamic cerebral autoregulation was impaired bilaterally, a finding consistent with the hypothesis of bilateral small vessel disease in patients with lacunar infarcts.
Post-glacial partitioning of mitochondrial genetic variation in the field vole

Genetic markers are often used to examine population history. There is considerable debate about the behaviour of molecular clock rates around the population-species transition. Nevertheless, appropriate calibration is critical to any inference regarding the absolute timing and scale of demographic changes. Here, we use a mitochondrial cytochrome b gene genealogy, based entirely on modern sequences and calibrated from recent geophysical events, to date the post-glacial expansion of the Eurasian field vole (Microtus agrestis), a widespread temperate mammal species. The phylogeographic structure reflects the subsequent expansion of populations that went through bottlenecks at the time of the Younger Dryas (ca 12 000 years BP) rather than the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca 24 000 years BP), which is usually seen as the time when present-day patterns were determined. The nucleotide substitution rate that was estimated here, ca 4 × 10−7 substitutions/site/year, remains extremely high throughout the relevant time frame. Calibration with similarly high population-based substitution rates, rather than long-term rates derived from species divergence times, will show that post-LGM climatic events generated current phylogeographic structure in many other organisms from temperate latitudes.
Non-projectivity and valency

We describe results of investigation of a specific type of discontinuous constructions, namely non-projective constructions concerning verbs and their arguments. This topic is especially important for languages with a relatively free word order, such as Czech, which is the language we have primarily worked with. For comparison, we have included some results for English. The corpora used for both languages are the Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank and the Prague Dependency Treebank, which are both annotated at a dependency syntax level as well as a deep (semantic) level, including verbs and their valency (arguments). We are using traditionally defined non-projectivity on trees with full linear ordering, but the two levels of annotation are innovatively combined to determine if a particular (deep) verb -argument structure is non-projective. As a result, we have identified several types of discontinuities, which we classify either by the verb class or structurally in terms of the verb, its arguments and their dependents. In addition, we have quantitatively compared selected phenomena found in Czech translated texts (in the PCEDT) to the native Czech as found in the original Prague Dependency Treebank.
An online updating multi-threshold method for mobility relationship mining

With the popularity of the mobile phones and location-based social networks, rich location data has become widely available nowadays, enabling study on friendship detection based on human mobility. However, in some circumstances, limited by data collection techniques, only discrete location (such as location IDs) can be fetched which leads to methods of detecting friendship based on distance metric is unrealistic. This paper aims to detect friendship among users based on their mobility data where locations are represented by location IDs. By considering each user's preference for location and each location's popularity, the difference between friends and strangers gets larger than using merely frequency of meeting events. However, we discover that measure values obtained may vary greatly among different users and propose to maintain a threshold for each user. In addition, an online updating algorithm is presented to update thresholds when a new user's mobility data is available. Experiments conducted on MIT Reality Mining project dataset show that the proposed updating method is practical and the proposed multi-threshold model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods proposed by Wang et al.
Maturation of Human Auditory Cortex: Implications for Speech Perception

This project traced the maturation of the human auditory cortex from midgestation to young adulthood, using immunostaining of axonal neurofilaments to determine the time of onset of rapid conduction. The study identified 3 developmental periods, each characterized by maturation of a different axonal system. During the perinatal period (3rd trimester to 4th postnatal month), neurofilament expression occurs only in axons of the marginal layer. These axons drive the structural and functional development of cells in the deeper cortical layers, but do not relay external stimuli. In early childhood (6 months to 5 years), maturing thalamocortical afferents to the deeper cortical layers are the first source of input to the auditory cortex from lower levels of the auditory system. During later childhood (5 to 12 years), maturation of commissural and association axons in the superficial cortical layers allows communication between different subdivisions of the auditory cortex, thus forming a basis for more complex cortical processing of auditory stimuli.
Crossveinless 2 is an essential positive feedback regulator of Bmp signaling during zebrafish gastrulation

Signaling by bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps) plays a pivotal role in developmental and pathological processes, and is regulated by a complex interplay with secreted Bmp binding factors, including Crossveinless 2 (Cvl2). Although structurally related to the Bmp antagonist Chordin, Crossveinless 2 has been described to be both a Bmp agonist and antagonist. Here, we present the first loss-of-function study of a vertebrate cvl2 homologue, showing that zebrafish cvl2 is required in a positive feedback loop to promote Bmp signaling during embryonic dorsoventral patterning. In vivo, Cvl2 protein undergoes proteolytic cleavage and this cleavage converts Cvl2 from an anti- to a pro-Bmp factor. Embryonic epistasis analyses and protein interaction assays indicate that the pro-Bmp function of Cvl2 is partly accomplished by competing with Chordin for binding to Bmps. Studies in cell culture and embryos further suggest that the anti-Bmp effect of uncleaved Cvl2 is due to its association with the extracellular matrix, which is not found for cleaved Cvl2. Our data identify Cvl2 as an essential pro-Bmp factor during zebrafish embryogenesis, emphasizing the functional diversity of Bmp binding CR-domain proteins. Differential proteolytic processing as a mode of regulation might account for anti-Bmp effects in other contexts.
Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum, 6S: an overview

Remote sensing from satellite or airborne platforms of land or sea surfaces in the visible and near infrared is strongly affected by the presence of the atmosphere along the path from Sun to target (surface) to sensor. This paper presents 6S (Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum), a computer code which can accurately simulate the above problems. The 6S code is an improved version of 5S (Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum), developed by the Laboratoire d'Optique Atmospherique ten years ago. The new version now permits calculations of near-nadir (down-looking) aircraft observations, accounting for target elevation, non lambertian surface conditions, and new absorbing species (CH/sub 4/, N/sub 2/O, CO). The computational accuracy for Rayleigh and aerosol scattering effects has been improved by the use of state-of-the-art approximations and implementation of the successive order of scattering (SOS) algorithm. The step size (resolution) used for spectral integration has been improved to 2.5 nm. The goal of this paper is not to provide a complete description of the methods used as that information is detailed in the 6S manual, but rather to illustrate the impact of the improvements between 5S and 6S by examining some typical remote sensing situations. Nevertheless, the 6S code has still limitations. It cannot handle spherical atmosphere and as a result, it cannot be used for limb observations. In addition, the decoupling the authors are using for absorption and scattering effects does not allow to use the code in presence of strong absorption bands.
Improving accuracy of major depression age‐of‐onset reports in the US National Comorbidity Survey

This paper describes a series of questions designed to improve the accuracy of age‐of‐onset reports in the US National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) and empirically evaluates the impact of these questions on reports about age of onset of major depressive episodes. The logic underlying the series of question is traced to cognitive psychological research on autobiographical memory. Data are presented showing that the new question series yielded more substantively plausible age‐of‐onset reports than those obtained a decade earlier in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study. The test–retest consistency of age‐of‐onset reports was also higher in the NCS than the ECA. Despite these improvements, considerable inconsistency in age‐of‐onset reports remains in the NCS test‐retest data. The paper closes with a discussion of potentially promising future directions to improve retrospective age‐of‐onset reports in new psychiatric epidemiological surveys. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers, Ltd.
Dynamics in wastewater treatment: A framework for understanding formal constructs in complex technical settings

Based on the study of unskilled work in a Danish wastewater treatment plant, the problem of formalisation of work is discussed and extended to technical processes. Five symmetrical levels of dynamics in complex technical work arrangements are proposed as a tool for understanding the limits of formalisation and for designing formal constructs in such settings. The analysis is based on concepts of heterogeneity, granularity of goals and motives, and process and structure.
Applied Positive Psychology : Improving Everyday Life, Health, Schools, Work, and Society

J.N. Cleveland, E.A. Fleishman, Series Foreword S. Donaldson, M. Seligman, Preface Part 1. Introduction S. Donaldson, Determining What Works, if Anything, in Positive Psychology Part 2. Core Areas in Applied Positive Psychology E.Diener, K. Ryan, National Accounts of Well-Being for Public Policy B.L. Fredrickson, L.E. Kurtz, Cultivating Positive Emotions to Enhance Human Flourishing C. Peterson, N. Park, Character Strengths and Virtues: Their Role in Well-being Part 3. Applications for Improving Health, Education, and Positive Human Development S. Taylor, How Psychosocial Resources Enhance Health and Well-Being N.L. Sin, M. D. Della Porta, S. Lyubomirsky, Tailoring Positive Psychology Interventions to Treat Depressed Individuals H.H. Knoop, Education in 2025: How Positive Psychology can Revitalize Education S.J. Lopez, V.J. Calderon, Gallup Student Poll: Measuring and Promoting What is Right with Students Part 4. Improving Institutions, Organizations, and the World of Work I. Ko, S.I. Donaldson, Applied Positive Organizational Psychology: The State of the Science and Practice J.E. Dutton, L.M. Roberts, J. Bednar, Prosocial Practices, Positive Identity, and Flourishing at Work K.S. Cameron, Effects of Virtuous Leadership on Organizational Performance J. Nakamura, Contexts of Positive Adult Development Part 5. Future Directions for Applying the Science of Positive Psychology M.Csikszentmihalyi, Positive Psychology and a Positive World-View: New Hope for the Future of Humankind S. I. Donaldson, Epilogue: A Practitioner's Guide for Applying the Science of Positive Psychology
Auditory Cortex of Squirrel Monkey: Response Patterns of Single Cells to Species-Specific Vocalizations

Most of the neurons tested in the superior temporal cortex of awake squirrel monkeys responded to recorded species-specific vocalizations. Some cells responded with temporally complex patterns to many vocalizations. Other cells responded with simpler patterns to only one call. Most cells lay between these two extremes. On-line deletion of parts of a vocalization revealed the role of temporal interactions in determining the nature of some responses.
Treatment history and treatment dose are important determinants of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine efficacy in children with uncomplicated malaria in Western Kenya.

This study retrospectively studied amendable determinants of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) efficacy involving 2869 treatments among 1072 Kenyan children <5 years old who had uncomplicated malaria. The dose was based on age: one-quarter tablet was given to infants <1 year old, one-half tablet was given to 1-3-year-old children, and a full tablet was given to 4-year-old children. Only 23.5% received the internationally recommended target dose of 25/1.25 mg of SP per kg of body weight. SP intake in the previous 15-35 days (adjusted relative risk, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-2.07) and low SP dose (<27.5/1.375 mg/kg) (adjusted relative risk, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-2.13) explained 38% of parasitological treatment failures by day 7. Patients with recent SP intake are likely to have recrudescent infections and may need close follow-up if treated with SP or alternative treatment. Applying our weight-for-age data to 31 existing age-based SP dose recommendations predicted that 22 of them would result in underdosing of >25% of children <5 years. Many age-based dose recommendations need urgent revision, because SP is increasingly used as first-line treatment in sub-Saharan Africa.
Vizdom: Interactive Analytics through Pen and Touch

Machine learning (ML) and advanced statistics are important tools for drawing insights from large datasets. However, these techniques often require human intervention to steer computation towards meaningful results. In this demo, we present Vizdom, a new system for interactive analytics through pen and touch. Vizdom's frontend allows users to visually compose complex workflows of ML and statistics operators on an interactive whiteboard, and the back-end leverages recent advances in workflow compilation techniques to run these computations at interactive speeds. Additionally, we are exploring approximation techniques for quickly visualizing partial results that incrementally refine over time. This demo will show Vizdom's capabilities by allowing users to interactively build complex analytics workflows using real-world datasets.
Shape by example

Modern modeling systems enable artists to create highquality content, but provide limited support for interactive applications. Although complex forms can be constructed either by hand or with geometry capture technologies, once they are created, they are difficult to modify, particularly at runtime. Interpolation provides a way to leverage artist-generated source material. We present a methodology for efficient runtime interpolation between multiple forms. Linear plus radial basis functions provide the key mathematical support for the interpolation. Once our system is provided with example forms, it generates a continuous range of forms we call a shape. We also apply the shape interpolation methodology to articulated figures and human face models to create smoothly skinned figures that deform in natural ways. Unlike previous formulations, the one presented here is efficient enough to support interactive design of the abstract interpolation space as well as support runtime interpolation of the forms in interactive applications such as games. The reader is encouraged to visit the project’s website for more information and late-breaking results at http:\\research.microsoft. com\graphics\hfap.
A comparative experiment on record match algorithms: naïve Bayesian versus distance

With the constantly expansion of the interconnectedness of database systems, the importance of record match technologies has been widely recognized. This paper made an experimental comparison of a distance-based algorithm and a Naïve Bayesian Classifier Algorithm in supervised learning on precision, recall and f-measure. The experiment results were reported and a subset of the most critical parameters involved in the experiment was analyzed.
On-demand generation of droplet in size over a wide range by microfluidic control

We have successfully produced emulsion droplets on a chip with size-control and on-demand droplet generation by using magnetically driven microtool (MMT). The MMT has parallel plate structure to be constrained in translational motion. With a lateral motion of MMT in microchannels, the continuous phase can be cut into different size of droplets and the dispersed phase flow can inflow into the microchannels by the movement of MMT to obtain both of size-controlled and on-demand droplets actively. The size range of the produced droplet was improved three times as large as the previous system by employing novel hydraulic design of the chip, and also the leakage of the fluid was successfully prevented when it is chopped by using MMT.
A Systematic Cross-Comparison of Sequence Classifiers

In the CoNLL 2003 NER shared task, more than two thirds of the submitted systems used a feature-rich representation of the task. Most of them used the maximum entropy principle to combine the features together. Others used large margin linear classifiers, such as SVM and RRM. In this paper, we compare several common classifiers under exactly the same conditions, demonstrating that the ranking of systems in the shared task is due to feature selection and other causes and not due to inherent qualities of the algorithms, which should be ranked otherwise. We demonstrate that whole-sequence models generally outperform local models, and that large margin classifiers generally outperform maximum entropy-based classifiers.
Research challenges on online service quality prediction for proactive adaptation

Online quality prediction allows service-oriented systems to anticipate the need for adaptation and thus to prevent the actual occurrence of failures or to mitigate upcoming failures. Such proactive adaptation capabilities are increasingly relevant for future service-oriented systems, which need to cope with limited control over third-party services, as well as rapidly changing usage contexts. Initial, promising results have been achieved for what concerns online quality prediction for service-oriented systems. However, there are many challenging issues remaining that call for concrete solutions. In this paper we present a set of research challenges identified by the research community that may be worth investigating in the coming years.
Building a database of 3D scenes from user annotations

In this paper, we wish to build a high quality database of images depicting scenes, along with their real-world three-dimensional (3D) coordinates. Such a database is useful for a variety of applications, including training systems for object detection and validation of 3D output. We build such a database from images that have been annotated with only the identity of objects and their spatial extent in images. Important for this task is the recovery of geometric information that is implicit in the object labels, such as qualitative relationships between objects (attachment, support, occlusion) and quantitative ones (inferring camera parameters). We describe a model that integrates cues extracted from the object labels to infer the implicit geometric information. We show that we are able to obtain high quality 3D information by evaluating the proposed approach on a database obtained with a laser range scanner. Finally, given the database of 3D scenes, we show how it can find better scene matches for an unlabeled image by expanding the database through viewpoint interpolation to unseen views.
Change in contractile properties of human muscle in relationship to the loss of power and slowing of relaxation seen with fatigue

Slow relaxation from an isometric contraction is characteristic of acutely fatigued muscle and is associated with a decrease in the maximum velocity of unloaded shortening (Vmax) and both these phenomena might be due to a decreased rate of cross bridge detachment. We have compared the change in relaxation rate with that of various parameters of the force–velocity relationship over the course of an ischaemic series of fatiguing contractions and subsequent recovery using the human adductor pollicis muscle working in vivo at approximately 37°C in nine healthy young subjects. Maximal isometric force (F0) decreased from 91.0 ± 1.9 to 58.3 ± 3.5 N (mean ±s.e.m.). Maximum power decreased from 53.6 ± 4.0 to 17.7 ± 1.2 (arbitrary units) while relaxation rate declined from −10.3 ± 0.38 to −2.56 ± 0.29 s−1. Vmax showed a smaller relative change from 673 ± 20 to 560 ± 46 deg s−1 and with a time course that differed markedly from that of slowing of relaxation, showing very little change until late in the series of contractions. Curvature of the force–velocity relationship increased (a/F0 decreasing from 0.22 ± 0.02 to 0.11 ± 0.02) with fatigue and with a time course that was similar to that of the loss of power and the slowing of relaxation. It is concluded that for human muscle working at a normal physiological temperature the change in curvature of the force–velocity relationship with fatigue is a major cause of loss of power and may share a common underlying mechanism with the slowing of relaxation from an isometric contraction.