Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk and resilience: early manipulation of macaque social experience and persistent behavioral and neurophysiological outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To review the contributions of research on nonhuman primates, specifically macaque monkeys, to the understanding of early social stress and its effects on behavior and neurophysiology. METHOD Review and synthesis of two bodies of work on macaque monkeys and early social manipulation: peer rearing and variable foraging demands. The literature was searched with Medline using key terms macaque, variable foraging, and peer rearing. The reference lists of these articles were also used to generate potential studies for review. RESULTS Nonhuman primate macaques show similarities to humans in their social development and functioning. Peer rearing of young macaques and rearing of young macaques with mothers experiencing variable foraging conditions both result in increased anxious, impulsive, and aggressive temperament and behavior; more reactive stress physiology; altered neurotransmitter functioning; and immune and metabolic changes. Functional variants of specific genes that code for neuromodulators are mediators of these effects. CONCLUSIONS Disrupted social relations during macaque rearing contribute to the risk for developing emotional and neurophysiological disturbance. In the face of such disruption, certain genotypes contribute to resilience. This can be alternately stated that, for animals of high-risk genotypes, resilience is conferred by quality relationships during rearing. This interaction of genetics with early social environment also applies to child mental health, implicating biological mediators identified in macaques as contributing to more complex outcomes in humans.
Research on Environmental Total Factor Productivity Growth of China’s Industry

This paper uses a panel dataset of China’s 30 provinces during the period of 1999-2012, and employs a slacks-based measure (SBM) and Luenberger Productivity Index to estimate China’s industrial environmental TFP growth and its components, accounting for CO2 emission as an undesirable output. The results show that the annual average growth rate of aggregate environmental TFP is 3.04%, that of Eastern China is 3.25%, while that of Middle of and Western China are 3.16% and 2.73%, respectively. It indicates that China’s economy is experiencing a transition from extensive to intensive and sustainable model, especially in Eastern China. However, the Middle and Western China are still suffering an unsustainable growth path.
Trend Analysis of Smart Welfare Technology

Technological innovations in welfare services that are designed to help or support everyday life in areas of health care and care services such as telemedicine are called welfare technologies. To reduce inefficiency in welfare services, new method such as vouchers and social welfare integrated management networks were trialed with select welfare service recipients. Welfare technology aims to provide technical support and mobility, to guarantee safety and security, and the ability to undertake daily activities, for people in need of help. Recently, smart welfare strategies that solve various welfare issues using smart ICT technology have been proposed. We analyze the convergence pattern of welfare technology and try to derive various services based on welfare technology in the future.
Pilot Reuse Among D2D Users in D2D Underlaid Massive MIMO Systems

In a device-to-device (D2D) underlaid massive multiple-input multiple-output system, D2D transmitters reuse the uplink spectrum of cellular users (CUs), leading to cochannel interference. To decrease pilot overhead, we assume pilot reuse (PR) among D2D pairs. We first derive the minimum-mean-square-error estimation of all channels and give a lower bound on the ergodic achievable rate of both cellular and D2D links. To mitigate pilot contamination caused by PR, we then propose a pilot scheduling and pilot power control algorithm based on the criterion of minimizing the sum mean-square-error of channel estimation of D2D links. We show that, with an appropriate PR ratio and a well-designed pilot scheduling scheme, each D2D transmitter could transmit its pilot with maximum power. In addition, we also maximize the sum rate of all D2D links while guaranteeing the quality of service of CUs, and develop an iterative algorithm to obtain a suboptimal solution. Simulation results show that the effect of pilot contamination can be greatly decreased by the proposed pilot scheduling algorithm, and the PR scheme provides significant performance gains over the conventional orthogonal training scheme in terms of system spectral efficiency.
The comparison of complication, pain, quality of life and performance after lung resections with thoracoscopy and axillary thoracotomy.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospective study was to compare the effects of axillary thoracotomy (AT) and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) on acute-phase responses, pain, performance status and quality of life in patients undergoing pulmonary resection. METHODS Fifty-five patients with peripherally located lung lesions were enrolled into this study. Surgery was done by VATS or AT. Forced expiratory volume, smoking habits, complications, Charlson comorbidity index, sex, age, length of incision, length of operation, length of hospital stay, length of drainage, length of air leakage, preoperative and postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) values, visual analogue scale, quality of life and performance status of the patients were measured and compared. RESULTS Twenty-five patients had lung resection with VATS and 30 patients had lung resection with AT. The demographic variables were similar. The differences between the two groups' postoperative serum CRP levels were significantly lower for the VATS group. The length of postoperative stay was significantly shorter for the VATS group. There were no other statistical significance between the two groups in terms of operative variables, complications, pain, quality of life and performance status. CONCLUSIONS AT is a technique equivalent to VATS in terms of early complications, pain, performance status and quality of life; VATS provided a shorter postoperative stay.
Dynamic Olley-Pakes Productivity Decomposition with Entry and Exit

In this paper, we propose an extension of the productivity decomposition method developed by Olley & Pakes (1996). This extension provides an accounting for the contributions of both firm entry and exit to aggregate productivity changes. It breaks down the contribution of surviving firms into a component accounting for changes in the firm-level distribution of productivity and another accounting for market share reallocations among those firms - following the same methodology as the one proposed by Olley & Pakes (1996). We argue that the other decompositions that break-down aggregate productivity changes into these same four components introduce some biases in the measurement of the contributions of entry and exit. We apply our proposed decomposition to the large measured increases of productivity in Slovenian manufacturing during the 1995-2000 period and contrast our results with those of other decompositions. We find that, over a 5-year period, the measurement bias associated with entry and exit is substantial, accounting for up to 10 percentage points of aggregate productivity growth. We also find that market share reallocations among surviving firms played a much more important role in driving aggregate productivity changes.
Factors associated with timely treatment of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: a 10-year population-based study

ABSTRACT Objective. To identify factors associated with timely treatment of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. Malaria, despite being treatable, has proven difficult to control and continues to be an important public health problem globally. Brazil accounted for almost half of the 427 000 new malaria cases notified in the Americas in 2013. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data on all notified malaria cases for the period from 2004 – 2013. Timely treatment was considered to be all treatment started within 24 hours of symptoms onset. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent factors associated with timely treatment. Results. The proportion of cases starting treatment on a timely basis was 41.1%, tending to increase in more recent years (OR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.37 – 1.42 in 2013). Furthermore, people starting within < 24 hours were more likely to: reside in the states of Rondônia (OR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.49 – 1.51) or Acre (OR = 1.53; 95%CI: 1.55 – 1.57); be 0 – 5 years of age (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.34 – 1.44) or 6 – 14 years of age (OR = 1.34; 95%CI: 1.32 – 1.36); be indigenous (OR = 1.41; 95%CI: 1.37 – 1.45); have a low level of schooling (OR = 1.20; 95%CI: 1.19 – 1.22); and be diagnosed by active detection (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.38 – 1.39). Conclusion. In the Brazilian Amazon area, individuals were more likely to have timely treatment of malaria if they were young, residing in Acre or Rondônia states, have little schooling, and be identified through active detection. Identifying groups vulnerable to late treatment is important for preventing severe cases and malaria deaths.
Cloning of two genes encoding potassium transporters in Neurospora crassa and expression of the corresponding cDNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Two Neurospora crassa genes, trk‐1 and hak‐1, encode K+ transporters that show sequence similarities to the TRK transporters described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and to the HAK transporters described in Schwanniomyces occidentalis and barley. The N. crassa TRK1 and HAK1 transporters expressed by the corresponding cDNAs in a trk1Δ trk2Δ mutant of S. cerevisiae exhibited a high affinity for Rb+ and K+. Northern blot analysis and comparison of the kinetic characteristics of the two transporters in the trk1Δ trk2Δ mutant with the kinetic characteristics of K+ uptake in N. crassa cells allowed TRK1 to be identified as the dominant K+ transporter and HAK1 as a transporter that is only expressed when the cells are K+ starved. The HAK1 transporter showed a high concentrative capacity and is identified as the K+–H+ symporter described in N. crassa, whereas TRK1 might be a K+ uniporter. Although the co‐existence of K+ transporters of the TRK and HAK types in the same species had not been reported formerly, we discuss whether this co‐existence may be the normal situation in soil fungi.
Low-temperature compatible electrostatic comb-drive actuators with integrated graphene

We present the fabrication process and characterization of silicon-based electrostatic comb-drive actuators with integrated single-layer graphene. The micro-machined comb-drive actuators are designed such that they can induce significant mechanical forces to strain graphene (up to 1%) allowing to systematically investigating its mechanical and electromechanical properties. The amount of induced strain is controlled by an applied voltage between capacitively coupled “fingers” of the micromechanical actuator. By using highly doped silicon the integrated comb-drive devices can be actuated also at cryogenic temperatures, where a higher energy resolution will provide potentially more insights into the fundamental electromechanical properties of graphene. Further device functionality is introduced by a local bottom gate that enables to control the carrier concentration in graphene by tuning the Fermi level. Here, we show the fabrication and characterization of such comb-drive actuators as well as a precise transfer technique to integrate individual sheets of graphene. A postprocessing step of direct plasma etching was implemented to structure suspended graphene flakes allowing better mechanical functionality of the integrated device.
Activity‐Controlled Circadian Base Rate

The current pacing rates are clustered around a fixed base rate since pacemaker patients are usually sedentary, resting, or sleeping most of the time. This fixed base rate is either too low for daytime hemodynamic support or too high for nighttime rest and recovery. Multiple Holter studies involving normal individuals have suggested that the resting base rate fluctuates during the course of the day. The circadian base rate (CBR) algorithm was designed to provide patients with a circadian change in paced resting rate and a normal rate distribution. The CBR algorithm, using a sophisticated accelerometer sensor, was developed and tested using the downloaded activity data from patients implanted with Trilogy DR+ pacemakers. Twenty‐five patients (19 men, 6 women, age 72 ± 9 years) were studied. Trilogy DR+ is able to record the detailed sensor and system behavior data for a week. During outpatient visits, the pacemaker was interrogated and the data accumulated in the pacemaker memory were downloaded. The CBR algorithm was applied to the activity variance histogram to calculate the base rate and to construct its histogram. The base rates in the CBR histogram are generally below 100 ppm with a distribution that mimics the natural sinus rate distribution of normal subjects. The CBR algorithm provides the highest daytime rates for hemodynamic support and the lowest nighttime rates for cardiac recovery, with a smoothly changing base rate modeling the normal circadian variation in heart rate.
Loss of dynein‐2 intermediate chain Wdr34 results in defects in retrograde ciliary protein trafficking and Hedgehog signaling in the mouse

Abstract The Wdr34 gene encodes an intermediate chain of cytoplasmic dynein 2, the motor for retrograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) in primary cilia. Although mutations in human WDR34 have recently been reported, the association of WDR34 function with Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has not been established, and actual cilia defects in the WDR34 mutant cells have also not been completely characterized. In the present study, we show that Wdr34 mutant mice die in midgestation and exhibit open brain and polydactyly phenotypes. Several Hh‐dependent ventral neural cell types are not specified in the mutant neural tube. The expression of the direct Hh targets, Gli1 and Patched 1, is inhibited, while the expression of limb patterning genes that are normally inhibited by the Gli3 repressor is anteriorly expanded in mutant limbs. Comparison of cilia phenotype and function among wild type, Dnchc2 (dynein 2 heavy chain), and Wdr34 mutant cells demonstrates that cilia in both Dnchc2 and Wdr34 mutant cells are stumpy. Several ciliary proteins examined abnormally accumulate in the cilia of both mutant cells. Consistent with its function, overexpressed Wdr34 is occasionally localized to cilia, and Wdr34 is required for the ciliary localization of dynein 2 light intermediate chain Lic3. More interestingly, we show that both Dnchc2 and Wdr34 act between Smo and Gli2/Gli3 in the Hh pathway. Therefore, like Dnchc2, Wdr34 is required for ciliogenesis, retrograde ciliary protein trafficking, and the regulation of Gli2/Gli3 activators and repressors. Furthermore, both Wdr34 and Dnchc2 promote microtubule growth, a novel dynein 2 function in a non‐cilia structure.
Development of the Chinese version of the Quick Exposure Check (CQEC).

BACKGROUND Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a major public health concern. There has been a strong demand from occupational safety and health agencies and operators to develop simple tools for risk assessment and management of WMSDs. The Quick Exposure Check (QEC) was designed to assess exposure to WMSDs risk factors affecting the back, shoulder/upper arm, wrist/hand, and the neck. It is a valuable observational ergonomic assessment tool, suitable for field-based assessment. OBJECTIVE This study set out to translate, culturally adapt, and validate a Chinese version of the Quick Exposure Check (CQEC), an observational tool used to assess exposure to physical and psychosocial workplace risk factors for the development of WMSDs in different body sites. METHODS The CQEC was translated from its original English version using a forward- and back-translation approach. Content validity was examined by an expert panel and expert committee using item- and scale-level content validity indices. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to analyze the inter-rater reliability of the observer's assessment, with kappa statistics and percentage agreements used to estimate the test-retest reliability of the worker's assessment of individual items. RESULTS The CQEC demonstrated an excellent scale-level content validity index (S-CVI > 0.90). The ICC lay between 0.71 and 0.97, indicating good inter-rater reliability. Test-retest reliability showed substantial agreement between the two measurement occasions for most of the items (kappa=0.68 to 1, percentage agreement=76 to 100%) capturing exposure to risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The CQEC is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to calculate levels of exposure to risk factors for WMSDs.
Regional Technological Dynamism and Noncompete Clauses: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

In this paper, we examine the causal impact of enforceable covenants not to compete (CNCs) on labor market matching and the technological dynamism of regions. Exploiting the fact that the Michigan Antitrust Reform Act (MARA) of 1985 inadvertently repealed Michigan' s prohibition on CNC enforcement, we show that technical professionals in Michigan became increasingly likely to switch industry relative to similar workers in other U.S. states after prohibition. Workers switching industries after the introduction of MARA also earned lower wages, implying that they shifted into technical fields where their skills from previous employment were less productive. Estimates further show that the technological dynamism of Michigan declined in tandem, as fewer workers shifted into new types of jobs associated with recent technological advances. These findings are consistent with the view that skilled professionals that are subject to CNCs are more likely to leave their field of work postemployment to avoid lawsuits.
Oral valganciclovir as preemptive therapy for cytomegalovirus infection post allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Abstract: Antiviral compounds including ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir are routinely used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease; however, these agents have a poor oral bioavailability and have the inconvenience and expense of intravenous administration.
Model order estimation for blind source separation of multichannel magnetoencephalogram and electroencephalogram signals

Most blind source separation (BSS) approaches — especially independent component analysis (ICA) — assume a noiseless mixture of the same number of sources as sensors. It is doubtful, however, whether this assumption actually holds for multichannel magnetoencephalogram (MEG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements comprising a large number of channels. Corroborating and extending previous results, this work further examines the utility of second-order statistical methods based on probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) and factor analysis (FA) models for estimating the number of underlying sources in multichannel MEG and EEG. Compared with conventional PCA-based eigenvalue thresholding, both PPCA and FA approaches yield stable model order estimates which are almost independent of total signal power. The FA model provides a more optimal description of both MEG and EEG data than PPCA, in terms of balancing goodness-of-fit and parsimony. These findings add to the growing evidence that anisotropic “sensor noise” may be a statistically robust characteristic of both the EEG and MEG, which most BSS algorithms and applications do not address.
Outlier Detection over Massive-Scale Trajectory Streams

The detection of abnormal moving objects over high-volume trajectory streams is critical for real-time applications ranging from military surveillance to transportation management. Yet this outlier detection problem, especially along both the spatial and temporal dimensions, remains largely unexplored. In this work, we propose a rich taxonomy of novel classes of neighbor-based trajectory outlier definitions that model the anomalous behavior of moving objects for a large range of real-time applications. Our theoretical analysis and empirical study on two real-world datasets—the Beijing Taxi trajectory data and the Ground Moving Target Indicator data stream—and one generated Moving Objects dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our taxonomy in effectively capturing different types of abnormal moving objects. Furthermore, we propose a general strategy for efficiently detecting these new outlier classes called the minimal examination (MEX) framework. The MEX framework features three core optimization principles, which leverage spatiotemporal as well as the predictability properties of the neighbor evidence to minimize the detection costs. Based on this foundation, we design algorithms that detect the outliers based on these classes of new outlier semantics that successfully leverage our optimization principles. Our comprehensive experimental study demonstrates that our proposed MEX strategy drives the detection costs 100-fold down into the practical realm for applications that analyze high-volume trajectory streams in near real time.