Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The family of atomic functions and digital signal processing in synthetic aperture radar

The report consists of two parts. In the first part, the sampling analysis of weight windows is conducted on the basis of atomic functions (AF) and their application in problems of the classical method of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is considered. The second part contains fundamentals of a modified method of synthetizing the aperture. The modified ambiguity function for different signals is probed. The lacks of the Ambiguity function are detected at a modified method. The paths of elimination of the indicated lacks are offered by introduction of weight processing in a technique of the modified method. The expediency of application of weight windows based on AF in reduced problems is empirically justified.
Towards a Methodology for Developing Evidence-Informed Management Knowledge by Means of Systematic Review

Undertaking a review of the literature is an important part of any research project. The researcher both maps and assesses the relevant intellectual territory in order to specify a research question which will further develop the knowledge hase. However, traditional 'narrative' reviews frequently lack thoroughness, and in many cases are not undertaken as genuine pieces of investigatory science. Consequently they can lack a means for making sense of what the collection of studies is saying. These reviews can he hiased by the researcher and often lack rigour. Furthermore, the use of reviews of the available evidence to provide insights and guidance for intervention into operational needs of practitioners and policymakers has largely been of secondary importance. For practitioners, making sense of a mass of often-contrad ictory evidence has hecome progressively harder. The quality of evidence underpinning decision-making and action has heen questioned, for inadequate or incomplete evidence seriously impedes policy formulation and implementation. In exploring ways in which evidence-informed management reviews might be achieved, the authors evaluate the process of systematic review used in the medical sciences. Over the last fifteen years, medical science has attempted to improve the review process hy synthesizing research in a systematic, transparent, and reproducihie manner with the twin aims of enhancing the knowledge hase and informing policymaking and practice. This paper evaluates the extent to which the process of systematic review can be applied to the management field in order to produce a reliable knowledge stock and enhanced practice by developing context-sensitive research. The paper highlights the challenges in developing an appropriate methodology.
Learning from a Substructural Perspective

In this paper we study learning from a logical perspective. We show that there is a strong relationship between a learning strategy, its formal learning framework and its logical representational theory. This relationship enables one to translate learnability results from one theory to another. Moreover if we go from a classical logic theory to a substructural logic theory, we can transform learnability results of logical concepts to results for string languages. In this paper we will demonstrate such a translation by transforming the Valiant learnability result for boolean concepts to a learnability result for a class of string pattern languages.
Analysis and Modeling of Affective Audio Visual Speech Based on PAD Emotion Space

This paper analyzes acoustic and visual features for affective audio-visual speech based on PAD (Pleasure-Arousal- Dominance) emotion space. The selected acoustic features include FO maximum, FO minimum, duration and energy. A set of Partial Expression Parameters (PEP) is proposed as visual features to describe affective facial movement on talking face. This paper explores the connection between PAD emotion space and acoustic/visual features respectively. The variation of acoustic features is predicted by PAD values, and a PAD-PEP mapping function for facial expression synthesis is built. Experimental result shows that PAD could be properly applied in describing emotional state as well as predicting the acoustic/visual features for affective audiovisual speech synthesis.
Screening for psychosocial risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease-recommendations for clinical practice

Psychosocial risk factors like low socio-economic status, chronic family or work stress, social isolation, negative emotions (e.g., chronic depression or acute anxiety), and negative personality patterns such as Type-D-pattern or hostility, may contribute significantly to the development and adverse outcome of coronary heart disease. Therefore, systematic screening for psychosocial risk factors in cardiological practice is recommended in order to initiate adequate intervention strategies, e.g., to involve additional psychosocial counselling or treatment. Reliable methods to assess psychosocial risk factors are: (1) standardized, structured interviews; (2) standardized questionnaires, and (3) ‘single-item’ questions to be included into the cardiologists clinical interviews. While structured interviews should be restricted to trained professionals, questionnaires are easily to administer, and have frequently been used in the field of cardiology. ‘Single item’ questions are sufficiently reliable and the most timesaving way to screen for psychosocial factors. For clinical practice, a two-step evaluation is recommended: firstly, cardiologists should include ‘single-item’ questions into their routine interview and/or use questionnaires in order to screen for a potential problem. Secondly, if problems are indicated, patients should be passed to qualified professionals for structured clinical interview. Instruments of all three methods are briefly presented, and implications for further treatment are discussed.
Settling the complexity of computing two-player Nash equilibria

We prove that Bimatrix, the problem of finding a Nash equilibrium in a two-player game, is complete for the complexity class PPAD (Polynomial Parity Argument, Directed version) introduced by Papadimitriou in 1991. Our result, building upon the work of Daskalakis et al. [2006a] on the complexity of four-player Nash equilibria, settles a long standing open problem in algorithmic game theory. It also serves as a starting point for a series of results concerning the complexity of two-player Nash equilibria. In particular, we prove the following theorems: —Bimatrix does not have a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme unless every problem in PPAD is solvable in polynomial time. —The smoothed complexity of the classic Lemke-Howson algorithm and, in fact, of any algorithm for Bimatrix is not polynomial unless every problem in PPAD is solvable in randomized polynomial time. Our results also have a complexity implication in mathematical economics: —Arrow-Debreu market equilibria are PPAD-hard to compute.
Cross-Modal Re-Organization in Adults with Early Stage Hearing Loss

Cortical cross-modal re-organization, or recruitment of auditory cortical areas for visual processing, has been well-documented in deafness. However, the degree of sensory deprivation necessary to induce such cortical plasticity remains unclear. We recorded visual evoked potentials (VEP) using high-density electroencephalography in nine persons with adult-onset mild-moderate hearing loss and eight normal hearing control subjects. Behavioral auditory performance was quantified using a clinical measure of speech perception-in-noise. Relative to normal hearing controls, adults with hearing loss showed significantly larger P1, N1, and P2 VEP amplitudes, decreased N1 latency, and a novel positive component (P2’) following the P2 VEP. Current source density reconstruction of VEPs revealed a shift toward ventral stream processing including activation of auditory temporal cortex in hearing-impaired adults. The hearing loss group showed worse than normal speech perception performance in noise, which was strongly correlated with a decrease in the N1 VEP latency. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence that visual cross-modal re-organization not only begins in the early stages of hearing impairment, but may also be an important factor in determining behavioral outcomes for listeners with hearing loss, a finding which demands further investigation.
Identification of a Novel TGF-β-Binding Site in the Zona Pellucida C-terminal (ZP-C) Domain of TGF-β-Receptor-3 (TGFR-3)

The zona pellucida (ZP) domain is present in extracellular proteins such as the zona pellucida proteins and tectorins and participates in the formation of polymeric protein networks. However, the ZP domain also occurs in the cytokine signaling co-receptor transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor type 3 (TGFR-3, also known as betaglycan) where it contributes to cytokine ligand recognition. Currently it is unclear how the ZP domain architecture enables this dual functionality. Here, we identify a novel major TGF-β-binding site in the FG loop of the C-terminal subdomain of the murine TGFR-3 ZP domain (ZP-C) using protein crystallography, limited proteolysis experiments, surface plasmon resonance measurements and synthetic peptides. In the murine 2.7 Å crystal structure that we are presenting here, the FG-loop is disordered, however, well-ordered in a recently reported homologous rat ZP-C structure. Surprisingly, the adjacent external hydrophobic patch (EHP) segment is registered differently in the rat and murine structures suggesting that this segment only loosely associates with the remaining ZP-C fold. Such a flexible and temporarily-modulated association of the EHP segment with the ZP domain has been proposed to control the polymerization of ZP domain-containing proteins. Our findings suggest that this flexibility also extends to the ZP domain of TGFR-3 and might facilitate co-receptor ligand interaction and presentation via the adjacent FG-loop. This hints that a similar C-terminal region of the ZP domain architecture possibly regulates both the polymerization of extracellular matrix proteins and cytokine ligand recognition of TGFR-3.
Hemodynamics in stenotic vessels of small diameter under steady state conditions: Effect of viscoelasticity and migration of red blood cells.

BACKGROUND In microcirculation, the non-Newtonian behavior of blood and the complexity of the microvessel network are responsible for the high flow resistance and the large reduction of the blood pressure. Red blood cell aggregation along with inward radial migration are two significant mechanisms determining the former. Yet, their impact on hemodynamics in non-straight vessels is not well understood. OBJECTIVE In this study, the steady state blood flow in stenotic rigid vessels is examined, employing a sophisticated non-homogeneous constitutive law. The effect of red blood cells migration on the hydrodynamics is quantified and the constitutive model's accuracy is evaluated. METHODS A numerical algorithm based on the two-dimensional mixed finite element method and the EVSS/SUPG technique for a stable discretization of the mass and momentum conservation equations in addition to the constitutive model is employed. RESULTS The numerical simulations show that a cell-depleted layer develops along the vessel wall with an almost constant thickness for slow flow conditions. This causes the reduction of the drag force and the increase of the pressure gradient as the constriction ratio decreases. CONCLUSIONS Viscoelastic effects in blood flow were found to be responsible for steeper decreases of tube and discharge hematocrits as decreasing function of constriction ratio.
The power dance in the research interview: manifesting power and powerlessness

We examine the power that is manifested between interviewers and interviewees in research interviews. Our empirical examples are drawn from interviews conducted with: (a) a vocational teacher; and (b) a senior researcher. We analysed the manifestations of power both in the course of the interviews and across interviews. We found that power is exercised and distributed diversely and situationally between the interview participants (interviewer and interviewee) during the interviews. It appeared that in a given interview, the interplay between individual backgrounds and the interview setting was connected to the activities through which power was manifested, and that these activities played a role in shaping the subsequent course and content of the interview. Our findings contribute to discussion concerning the shifting significance of difference and sameness between interview participants with regard to power relations, what is conveyed in interviews, and the manner in which it is conveyed.
Towards a Multi-Representational Treebank

Computational, descriptive, and theoretical linguistics use both phrase (PS) structure and dependency structure (DS) to represent syntax. We believe that the next-generation treebank should be multi-representational, designed for both representations with an automatic conversion. In this paper, we highlight the assumptions made by existing PS-to-DS and DS-to-PS conversion algorithms and show the limitations of these algorithms. We then propose a new DS-to-PS conversion algorithm that outperforms existing algorithms and allows more flexibility. Our experiments and error analysis show that high-quality DS-to-PS conversion is possible if the conversion process is performed at the designing stage of treebank construction to ensure that all information we wish to represent in PS is provided in DS.
Formal thought disorder in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis

Background Formal thought disorder is a cardinal feature of psychosis. However, the extent to which formal thought disorder is evident in ultra-high-risk individuals and whether it is linked to the progression to psychosis remains unclear. Aims Examine the severity of formal thought disorder in ultra-high-risk participants and its association with future psychosis. Method The Thought and Language Index (TLI) was used to assess 24 ultra-high-risk participants, 16 people with first-episode psychosis and 13 healthy controls. Ultra-high-risk individuals were followed up for a mean duration of 7 years (s.d.=1.5) to determine the relationship between formal thought disorder at baseline and transition to psychosis. Results TLI scores were significantly greater in the ultra-high-risk group compared with the healthy control group (effect size (ES)=1.2), but lower than in people with first-episode psychosis (ES=0.8). Total and negative TLI scores were higher in ultra-high-risk individuals who developed psychosis, but this was not significant. Combining negative TLI scores with attenuated psychotic symptoms and basic symptoms predicted transition to psychosis (P=0.04; ES=1.04). Conclusions TLI is beneficial in evaluating formal thought disorder in ultra-high-risk participants, and complements existing instruments for the evaluation of psychopathology in this group.
Binding and transcytosis of glycoalbumin by the microvascular endothelium of the murine myocardium: evidence that glycoalbumin behaves as a bifunctional ligand

The binding and transport of glycoalbumin (gA) by the endothelium of murine myocardial microvessels were studied by perfusing in situ 125I- gA or gA-gold complexes (gA-Au) and examining the specimens by radioassays and EM, respectively. After a 3-min perfusion, the uptake of radioiodinated gA is 2.2-fold higher than that of native albumin; it is partially (approximately 55%) competed by either albumin or D- glucose, and almost completely abolished by the concomitant administration of both competitors or by gA. D-mannose and D-galactose are not effective competitors. Unlike albumin-gold complexes that bind restrictively to plasmalemmal vesicles, gA-Au labels the plasma-lemma proper, plasmalemmal vesicles open on the lumen, and most coated pits. Competing albumin prevents gA-Au binding to the membrane of plasmalemmal vesicles, while glucose significantly reduces the ligand binding to plasmalemma proper. Competition with albumin and glucose gives additive effects. Transcytosis of gA-Au, already detected at 3 min, becomes substantial by 30 min. No tracer exit via intercellular junctions was detected. gA-Au progressively accumulates in multivesicular bodies. The results of the binding and competition experiments indicate that the gA behaves as a bifunctional ligand which is recognized by two distinct binding sites: one, located on the plasma membrane, binds as a lectin the glucose residues of gA; whereas the other, confined to plasmalemmal vesicles, recognizes presumably specific domains of the albumin molecule.
Efficient and Safe Data Backup with Arrow Technical Report UCSC-SSRC-08-02 June 2008

We describe Arrow, an efficient, safe data backup system for computer networks. Arrow employs techniques of delta compression (or deduplication) to achieve efficient storage and bandwidth utilization, and collision-resistant hashing and error-correction coding to protect against and correct storage errors. keywords: content-addressable storage; error-correcting storage systems; data backup; deduplication.
Advances in XML retrieval: the INEX initiative

We give a survey over the INEX initiative, which focuses on the evaluation of content -based access to XML documents. First, we describe the test setting and the various tracks of INEX. Then we present a new framework for the different views on XML retrieval, where we distinguish between the structural and the content dimension; in this space, current activities are located as well as new areas of research are pointed out. Finally, we discuss the combination of semantic web technologies and XML retrieval, pointing out potential benefits as well as the need for further research in this area.
Impact of the “Holy Crash” on Trust in the Church in Slovenia

The 2011 Slovene Public Opinion Survey and World Values Survey have determined that trust in the Roman Catholic Church in Slovenia has fallen to an all-time low in the post-independence era: only 25 percent of Slovenes expressed a great deal or quite a lot of confidence in the Church. This article considers how the Church’s social power has been impacted by the so-called Holy Crash, namely, the 2010 collapse of the Archdiocese of Maribor’s financial empire and its investments and interests in various enterprises controlled through its Gospodarstvo Rast financial management company. Revealed is the fact that, in recent years, trust has been eroded most in the Podravje (Drava) and Koroška (Carinthia) regions of Slovenia, both of which lie within the Maribor archdiocese. This decline supports the central hypothesis that the scandal and secrecy surrounding the collapse have negatively impacted trust in the Roman Catholic Church.
Gene profiling of clinical routine biopsies and prediction of survival in non-small cell lung cancer.

RATIONALE Global gene expression analysis provides a comprehensive molecular characterization of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility of integrating expression profiling into routine clinical work-up by including both surgical and minute bronchoscopic biopsies and to develop a robust prognostic gene expression signature. METHODS Tissue samples from 41 chemotherapy-naive patients with NSCLC and 15 control patients with inflammatory lung diseases were obtained during routine clinical work-up and gene expression profiles were gained using an oligonucleotide array platform (NovaChip; 34'207 transcripts). Gene expression signatures were analyzed for correlation with histological and clinical parameters and validated on independent published data sets and immunohistochemistry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Diagnostic signatures for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma reached a sensitivity of 80%/80% and a specificity of 83%/94%, respectively, dependent on the proportion of tumor cells. Sixty-seven of the 100 most discriminating genes were validated with independent observations from the literature. A 13-gene metagene refined on four external data sets was built and validated on an independent data set. The metagene was a strong predictor of survival in our data set (hazard ratio = 7.7, 95% CI [2.8-21.2]) and in the independent data set (hazard ratio = 1.6, 95% CI [1.2-2.2]) and in both cases independent of the International Union against Cancer staging. Vascular endothelial growth factor-beta, one of the key prognostic genes, was further validated by immunohistochemistry on 508 independent tumor samples. CONCLUSIONS Integration of functional genomics from small bronchoscopic biopsies allows molecular tumor classification and prediction of survival in NSCLC and might become a powerful adjunct for the daily clinical practice.
Global translational impacts of the loss of the tRNA modification t6A in yeast

The universal tRNA modification t6A is found at position 37 of nearly all tRNAs decoding ANN codons. The absence of t6A37 leads to severe growth defects in baker’s yeast, phenotypes similar to those caused by defects in mcm5s2U34 synthesis. Mutants in mcm5s2U34 can be suppressed by overexpression of tRNALysUUU, but we show t6A phenotypes could not be suppressed by expressing any individual ANN decoding tRNA, and t6A and mcm5s2U are not determinants for each other’s formation. Our results suggest that t6A deficiency, like mcm5s2U deficiency, leads to protein folding defects, and show that the absence of t6A led to stress sensitivities (heat, ethanol, salt) and sensitivity to TOR pathway inhibitors. Additionally, L-homoserine suppressed the slow growth phenotype seen in t6A-deficient strains, and proteins aggregates and Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) were increased in the mutants. The global consequences on translation caused by t6A absence were examined by ribosome profiling. Interestingly, the absence of t6A did not lead to global translation defects, but did increase translation initiation at upstream non-AUG codons and increased frame-shifting in specific genes. Analysis of codon occupancy rates suggests that one of the major roles of t6A is to homogenize the process of elongation by slowing the elongation rate at codons decoded by high abundance tRNAs and I34:C3 pairs while increasing the elongation rate of rare tRNAs and G34:U3 pairs. This work reveals that the consequences of t6A absence are complex and multilayered and has set the stage to elucidate the molecular basis of the observed phenotypes.
Triangulation in UX Studies: Learning from Experience

While the consideration of User Experience (UX) has become embedded in research and design processes, UX evaluation remains a challenging and strongly discussed area for both researchers in academia and practitioners in industry. A variety of different evaluation methods have been developed or adapted from related fields, building on identified methodology gaps. Although the importance of mixed methods and data-driven approaches to get well-founded study results of interactive systems has been emphasized numerous times, there is a lack of evolved understandings and recommendations of when and in which ways to combine different methods, theories, and data related to the UX of interactive systems. The workshop aims to gather experiences of user studies from UX professionals and academics to contribute to the knowledge of mixed methods, theories, and data in UX evaluation. We will discuss individual experiences, best practices, risks and gaps, and reveal correlations among triangulation strategies.
"T"-shaped stent placement: a technique for the treatment of dissected bifurcation lesions.

Despite operator experience and improved catheter technology, acute vessel closure is inherently associated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of complex lesions. This case study describes a patient who developed an occlusive dissection post PTCA at the bifurcation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and its diagonal branch. The "T"-shaped Wiktor stent placement immediately re-establishes full flow, obviating the necessity for emergent surgery.