Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Context recognition for hierarchical text classification

Information is often organized as a text hierarchy. A hierarchical text-classification system is thus essential for the management, sharing, and dissemination of information. It aims to automatically classify each incoming document into zero, one, or several categories in the text hierarchy. In this paper, we present a technique called CRHTC (context recognition for hierarchical text classification) that performs hierarchical text classification by recognizing the context of discussion (COD) of each category. A category’s COD is governed by its ancestor categories, whose contents indicate contextual backgrounds of the category. A document may be classified into a category only if its content matches the category’s COD. CRHTC does not require any trials to manually set parameters, and hence is more portable and easier to implement than other methods. It is empirically evaluated under various conditions. The results show that CRHTC achieves both better and more stable performance than several hierarchical and nonhierarchical text-classification methodologies.
Investigating the role of CD24 gene polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease with a complex pathogenesis which involves genetic and environmental factors.1 CD24 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface protein with expression in a wide variety of cell types which participate in the pathogenesis of RA. This molecule has been proposed as a genetic checkpoint in T-cell homoeostasis and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.2 A non-synonymous variation (A57V) and a dinucleotide deletion in the 3′ untranslated region (TG/del) have been associated with different autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus.3–6 Furthermore, both polymorphisms appear to play a functional role in CD24 expression and CD24 mRNA stability. This gene is located …
Differential roles of PI3‐kinase and Kit tyrosine 821 in Kit receptor‐mediated proliferation, survival and cell adhesion in mast cells.

The pleiotropic effects of the Kit receptor system are mediated by Kit‐Ligand (KL) induced receptor autophosphorylation and its association with and activation of distinct second messengers, including phosphatidylinositol 3′‐kinase (PI3‐kinase), p21ras and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). To define the role of PI3‐kinase, p21ras and MAPK in Kit‐mediated cell proliferation, survival and adhesion in bone marrow‐derived mast cells (BMMC), mutant Kit receptors were expressed in Wsh/Wsh BMMC lacking endogenous c‐kit expression. The introduction of both murine Kit(S) and KitL (isoform containing a four amino acid insert) into Wsh/Wsh BMMC restored KL‐induced proliferation, survival and adhesion to fibronectin, as well as activation of PI3‐kinase, p21ras and MAPK, and induced expression of c‐fos, junB, c‐myc and c‐myb mRNA. Substitution of tyrosine 719 in the kinase insert with phenylalanine (Y719F) abolished PI3‐kinase activation, diminished c‐fos and junB induction, and impaired KL‐induced adhesion of BMMC to fibronectin. In addition, the Y719F mutation had partial effects on p21ras activation, cell proliferation and survival, while MAP kinase activation was not affected. On the other hand, Y821F substitution impaired proliferation and survival without affecting PI3‐kinase, p21ras and MAPK activation, and induction of c‐myc, c‐myb, c‐fos and c‐jun mRNA, while KL‐induced cell adhesion to fibronectin remained intact. In agreement with a role for PI3‐kinase in Kit‐mediated cell adhesion, wortmannin blocked Kit‐mediated cell adhesion at concentrations known to specifically inhibit PI3‐kinase. We conclude, that association of Kit with p85PI3‐K, and thus with PI3‐kinase activity, is necessary for a full mitogenic as well as adhesive response in mast cells. In contrast, tyrosine 821 is essential for Kit‐mediated mitogenesis and survival, but not cell adhesion.
Formal specification of SNMPv3 entities using action semantics

This work presents a formal description of the structure and behaviour of SNMPv3 entities. IETF documents describe the semantics of the Simple Network Management Protocol version 3 in an almost completely informal way. Our formal description is given using action semantics, a completely formal yet verbose framework for the specification of programming concepts. The purpose of our description is to specify management entities without ambiguities, contributing to a better understanding of the NMPv3 framework that may lead to automatic implementation and verification of agents and manager applications. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When Does Government Debt Crowd Out Investment?

We examine when government debt crowds out investment for the U.S. economy using an estimated New Keynesian model with a detailed fiscal specification. The estimation accounts for the interaction between monetary and fiscal policies. Whether private investment is crowded in or out in the short term depends on the fiscal or monetary shock that triggers a debt expansion: Higher debt can crowd in investment despite a higher real interest rate for a reduction in capital tax rates or an increase in productive government investment. Contrary to the conventional view of crowding out, no systematic relationship among debt, the real interest rate, and investment exists. This result offers an explanation as to why empirical studies that have focused on the reduced-form relationship between interest rates and debt are often inconclusive. At longer horizons, distortionary financing is important for the negative investment response to a debt expansion.
A multiwavelength study of the Magellanic-type galaxy NGC 4449 – I. Modelling the spectral energy distribution, the ionization structure and the star formation history

We present an integrated photometric spectral energy distribution (SED) of the Magellanic-type galaxy NGC 4449 from the far-ultraviolet (UV) to the submillimetre, including new observations acquired by the Herschel Space Observatory. We include integrated UV photometry from the Swift Ultraviolet and Optical Telescope using a measurement technique which is appropriate for extended sources with coincidence loss. In this paper, we examine the available multiwavelength data to infer a range of ages, metallicities and star formation rates for the underlying stellar populations, as well as the composition and the total mass of dust in NGC 4449. Our analysis of the global optical spectrum of NGC 4449 fitted using the spectral fitting code STARLIGHT suggests that the majority of stellar mass resides in old (greater than or similar to 1 Gyr old) and metal-poor (Z/Z(circle dot) similar to 0.2) populations, with the first onset of star formation activity deduced to have taken place at an early epoch, approximately 12 Gyr ago. A simple chemical evolution model, suitable for a galaxy continuously forming stars, suggests a ratio of carbon to silicate dust mass comparable to that of the Large Magellanic Cloud over the inferred time-scales. We present an iterative scheme, which allows us to build an in-depth and multicomponent representation of NGC 4449 `bottom-up', taking advantage of the broad capabilities of the photoionization and radiative transfer code MOCASSIN (MOnte CArlo SimulationS of Ionized Nebulae). We fit the observed SED, the global ionization structure and the emission line intensities, and infer a recent star formation rate of 0.4 M-circle dot yr(-1) and a total stellar mass of approximate to 1 x 10(9) M-circle dot emitting with a bolometric luminosity of 5.7 x 10(9) L-circle dot. Our fits yield a total dust mass of 2.9 +/- 0.5 x 10(6) M-circle dot including 2 per cent attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We deduce a dust to gas mass ratio of 1/190 within the modelled region. While we do not consider possible additional contributions from even colder dust, we note that including the extended H I envelope and the molecular gas is likely to bring the ratio down to as low as similar to 1/800.
Analysis of the mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate in the cirrhotic, Dysplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection

Background: Hepatocarcinogenesis is a multistep process entailing the transitions from normal liver_ chronic hepatitis and cirrhotic nodules (CH/CNs) _ dysplastic nodules (DNs) _hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). We hypothesized that hepatocarcinogeneis on top of chronic hepatitis C (CH-C) is associated with alterations in the mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate (MICs) in response to altered antigenicity of the damaged hepatocytes. Materials and methods: A total of 19 hepatic resection specimens entailing the entire continuum of the lesional steps of the hepatocarcinogenesis (on top of CH-C) were evaluated for MICs using immunohistological methods and mouse monoclonal antibodies (CD3, CD20, CD68 and T-cell intracellular associated antigen, TIA-1). Results: HCCs were: 1) overrepresented in elderly males (56.1 ± 2.0 years, with male to female ratio of 1.8:1), and 2) more common in the right than in left lobe (1.1:1). The transitions from normal liver to the subsequent lesional steps (CH-C/CNs, DNs and HCCs) was associated with statistically significantly (p
Association between anti-C1q antibodies and glomerular tuft necrosis in lupus nephritis.

BACKGROUND Proliferative glomerulonephritis includes various glomerular lesions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that might have distinct pathogenic mechanisms. The aim of the study was to determine whether anti-C1q antibodies, which are associated with lupus nephritis, were specifically associated with given glomerular histopathological lesions. METHODS The presence and titer of anti-C1q antibodies were determined in a retrospective study including 63 SLE patients with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis. RESULTS We confirmed the correlation between the presence of anti-C1q antibodies with both clinical and immunological markers of disease activity. We showed that the presence of anti- C1q antibodies was significantly associated with glomerular tuft necrosis and crescents, major criteria of active lesions. Additionally, no necrosis was found in patients without anti- C1q antibodies, giving anti-C1q antibodies a 100% negative predictive value for glomerular tuft necrosis. Conversely, there was no difference in the percentage of glomeruli showing endocapillary proliferation or wire loops according to the anti-C1q status. CONCLUSION Our data highlight for the first time an association of anti-C1q antibodies with necrotizing forms of lupus nephritis suggesting new insights into the pathogenesis and the treatment of this entity.
Phytoestrogen and fiber intakes in relation to incident vasomotor symptoms: results from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation

ObjectiveAlthough reduction of vasomotor symptoms (VMS; hot flashes and night sweats) has been reported in postmenopausal women who used isoflavones, a clear dose response has not been shown, has largely not been reported for perimenopausal women, and has largely only been reported for reducing prevalent VMS, not preventing newly developing VMS. We analyzed longitudinal data from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation for the relation of dietary phytoestrogen and fiber intake to incident VMS in this multiracial/ethnic cohort. MethodsThe Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation included 3,302 premenopausal and early perimenopausal women, 1,651 of whom reported no VMS at baseline and were followed with annual visits for 10 years. Dietary intakes of isoflavones, coumestrol, lignans, and fiber were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and in annual visits 5 and 9 and interpolated for intervening years. The number of days experiencing VMS in the past 2 weeks was self-reported annually. Using multinomial logistic regression with generalized estimating equations, we modeled incident VMS in relation to isoflavones, lignans, fiber, coumestrol, or total phytoestrogen intake and covariates. ResultsNo consistent monotonic relations were observed between any dietary phytoestrogen or fiber and incident VMS, although adjusted odds ratios for some individual quartiles were statistically significant. ConclusionsFor certainty of any effect of dietary phytoestrogens or fiber on the prevention of incident VMS, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked trial with sufficient numbers of women in different racial/ethnic, menopausal status, and metabolic groups over years of follow-up is required, but our results suggest that a clinically significant or large effect is improbable.
Reliable vehicle selection algorithm with dynamic mobility of vehicle in vehicular cloud system

Vehicular cloud (VC) is an emerging technology where multiple vehicles form a cloud to share their abundant resources and carry out a heavy job in a cooperative manner. By using VC, each vehicle can perform various VC applications requiring heavy resources. In this regards, it is not a trivial issue to choose appropriate vehicles to complete the given task according to vehicular mobility and each VC service type. In this paper, we suggest a reliable vehicle selection algorithm (RVSA) to minimize the cost of completing the requested task for solving mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) vehicle selection problem. Evaluation result demonstrates that RVSA can achieve to reduce significantly the task completion cost over a wide range of vehicular mobility compared with other conventional algorithms.
A Luminescent Escherichia coli Biosensor for the High Throughput Detection of β-Lactams

A group-specific bioluminescent Escherichia coli strain for studying the action of β-lactam antibiotics is described. The strain contains a plasmid, pBlaLux1, in which the luciferase genes from Photorhabdus luminescent are inserted under the control of the β-lactam-responsive element ampR/ampC from Citrobacter freundii. In the presence of β- lactams, the bacterial cells are induced to express the luciferase enzyme and three additional enzymes generating the substrate for the luciferase reaction. This biosensor for β-lactams does not need any substrate or cofactor additions, and the bioluminescence can be measured very sensitively in real time by using a luminometer. Basic parameters affecting the light production and induction in the gram-negative model organism E. coli SNO301/pBlaLux1 by various β-lactams were studied. The dose-response curves were bell shaped, indicating toxic effects for the sensor strain at high concentrations of β-lactams. Various β-lactams had fairly different assay ranges: ampicillin, 0.05-1.0 μg/ml; piperacillin, 0.0025-25 μg/ml; imipenem, 0.0025-0.25 μg/ml; cephapirin, 0.025-2.5 μg/ml; cefoxitin, 0.0025-1.5 μg/ml; and oxacillin, 25-500 μg/ml. Also, the induction coefficients (signal over background noninduced control) varied considerably from 3 to 158 in a 2-hour assay. Different non-β-lactam antibiotics did not cause induction. Because the assay can be automated using microplate technologies, the approach may be suitable for higher throughput analysis of β-lactam action.
Weakening Covert Networks by Minimizing Inverse Geodesic Length

We consider the problem of deleting nodes in a covert network to minimize its performance. The inverse geodesic length (IGL) is a well-known and widely used measure of network performance. It equals the sum of the inverse distances of all pairs of vertices. In the MINIGL problem the input is a graph G, a budget k, and a target IGL T, and the question is whether there exists a subset of vertices X with |X| = k, such that the IGL of G - X is at most T. In network analysis, the IGL is often used to evaluate how well heuristics perform in strengthening or weakening a network. In this paper, we undertake a study of the classical and parameterized complexity of the MINIGL problem. The problem is NP-complete even if T = 0 and remains both NP-complete and W[1]-hard for parameter k on bipartite and on split graphs. On the positive side, we design several multivariate algorithms for the problem. Our main result is an algorithm for MINIGL parameterized by twin cover number.
Development of electronic load controller for IAG based standalone hydro power generation

An electronic load controller (ELC) is developed for an isolated asynchronous generator (IAG) to feed 3-phase, 4-wire consumer loads in a small hydro power generation system. This ELC consists of ac capacitors, voltage source converter (VSC) with a dc capacitor, a chopper, an auxiliary load at its dc bus, a star/hexagon transformer, consumer loads and it is implemented using synchronous-reference-frame (SRF) theory. This ELC provides a viable and cost-effective solution to achieve voltage and frequency control, harmonic elimination and load balancing for linear and nonlinear loads. Test results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of ELC for the IAG system.
Day-to-Day Flow Dynamics and Congestion Control

For a predetermined set of an upper bound of link flows, this paper proposes a price-based congestion control scheme for achieving such a restraint target of traffic flow that evolves from day to day. On each day, drivers have to pay a toll selected from a feasible set. The tolls on each day are determined by the link flows and toll charges on the previous day and the predetermined upper bound of link flows. Several properties of the dynamical system model with the control scheme are analyzed, including the invariance of its evolutionary trajectories; the equivalence between its stationary state and user equilibrium under toll charge; the uniqueness, existence, and boundedness of its stationary state; and the convergence of its evolutionary trajectories. A special case of the model and implementation of the control scheme for several alternative targets are also given. Finally, application of the model to a traffic network is demonstrated with a numerical example. The study is helpful for better understanding the mechanism of congestion control under day-to-day traffic flow dynamics.
Direct enantiomeric resolution of (+/-)-atenolol, (+/-)-metoprolol, and (+/-)-propranolol by impregnated TLC using L-aspartic acid as chiral selector.

Resolution of three commonly used beta-blockers, (+/-)-atenolol, (+/-)-metoprolol and (+/-)-propranolol, into their enantiomers has been achieved using normal-phase TLC on silica gel plates impregnated with L-aspartic acid as the chiral selector. Different combinations of acetonitrile-methanol-water as mobile phase were found to be successful in resolving the enantiomers. The spots were detected with iodine and the detection limits were found to be 0.26 microg for atenolol and 0.23 microg for each of metoprolol and propranolol as racemate.
Identification of Overexpression and Amplification of ABCF2 in Clear Cell Ovarian Adenocarcinomas by cDNA Microarray Analyses

Purpose: Patients with ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma generally have a poor response to combination chemotherapy and have overall poorer prognosis than patients with other histologic types of ovarian cancer. Genetic changes in this group of cancer have not been thoroughly explored. Identification of these changes may provide us new therapeutic targets to treat this disease. Experimental Design: Genomic and expression array analyses were applied on 30 clear cell ovarian cancer cases and 19 serous cases using a 10,816-element cDNA microarray platform. Further validation and clinical correlation studies were done on differentially expressed genes that are related to chemoresistance. Results: Based on array analyses, 12 genes showed a significant increase in DNA and mRNA copy number and 5 genes showed a significant decrease in DNA and RNA copy number in clear cell tumors compared with those in the serous type. One of the genes was ABCF2, which belongs to the ATP-binding cassette gene superfamily and has been shown to amplify in other tumor types. Validation studies were done using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. The results showed significantly higher ABCF2 DNA and mRNA copy number and protein levels in clear cell cases compared with those in serous cases. Furthermore, in 20 clear cell cases with chemoresponse data available, ABCF2 cytoplasmic staining was significantly higher in nonresponders than that in the responders (60.0% versus 28.5%; P = 0.0002). Conclusions: These data suggest that ABCF2 protein may be a prognostic marker for ovarian clear cell ovarian adenocarcinoma.
Effect of Nigella sativa Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Parameters: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Introduction Nigella sativa is a commonly used traditional medicine which has been shown to have antioxidant properties. However, its supplementation in patients of clinical trials showed conflicting results. Materials and Method. Relevant articles were searched through PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases using “Nigella sativa” or “black seed” or “black caraway” or “thymoquinone” and “oxidative stress” or “antioxidant” and “clinical trial” keywords. Randomized, placebo-controlled human interventions using Nigella sativa were included in this study. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using Jadad's quality scales. Results Five studies using 293 subjects met the inclusion criteria. The overall quality of all included trials was determined based on the low risk of bias and the high quality of reported information (Jadad score ≥ 3). Meta-analysis of 293 eligible subjects showed that treatment with Nigella sativa improved the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level (48.18; 95% CI 30.29 to 66.08; p < 0.01), but there was no significant effect on the malondialdehyde (MDA) level (−5.32; 95% CI −1.19 to 0.128; p=0.114) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level (0.219; 95% CI −0.136 to 0.573; p = 0.227). Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that Nigella sativa supplementation in humans may benefit as an antioxidant by increasing SOD levels but has no significant effect on the MDA level and TAC level.
Linearization Technique for Binary Phase Detectors in a Collaborative Timing Recovery Circuit

A multichannel clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit that employs binary phase detectors (PDs) yet achieves linear loop dynamics is presented. The proposed CDR recovers the linear information of phase errors by exploiting its collaborative timing recovery architecture. Since the collaborative CDR combines the PD outputs of the multiple data streams, a deliberate phase offset can be added to each PD to realize a high-rate oversampling PD without additional PDs. The analysis shows that there exists an optimal spacing between these deliberate phase offsets that maximizes the linearity of the proposed PD for given jitter conditions. Under these conditions, the loop dynamics of a linear, second-order CDR model agree well with the simulated responses even with a finite latency difference between the proportional and integral control paths. The linearized characteristics of the PD and the overall CDR designed for 45-nm CMOS technology are, respectively, verified by using a time-step accurate behavioral simulation.