Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoid administration into the dorsal stratium facilitates memory consolidation of inhibitory avoidance training but not of the context or footshock components

It is well established that glucocorticoid administration into a variety of brain regions facilitates memory consolidation of fear-conditioning tasks, including inhibitory avoidance. The present findings indicate that the natural glucocorticoid corticosterone administered into the dorsal striatum (i.e., caudate nucleus) of male Wistar rats produced dose- and time-dependent enhancement of inhibitory avoidance memory consolidation. However, as assessed with a modified inhibitory avoidance procedure that took place on two sequential days to separate context training from footshock training, corticosterone administration into the dorsal striatum did not enhance memory of either the contextual or aversively motivational aspects of the task.
Discovery of a Novel Small-Molecule Targeting Selective Clearance of Mutant Huntingtin Fragments

CAG-triplet repeat extension, translated into polyglutamines within the coding frame of otherwise unrelated gene products, causes 9 incurable neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease. Although an expansion in the CAG repeat length is the autosomal dominant mutation that causes the fully penetrant neurological phenotypes, the repeat length is inversely correlated with the age of onset. The precise molecular mechanism(s) of neurodegeneration remains elusive, but compelling evidence implicates the protein or its proteolytic fragments as the cause for the gain of novel pathological function(s). The authors sought to identify small molecules that target the selective clearance of polypeptides containing pathological polyglutamine extension. In a high-throughput chemical screen, they identified compounds that facilitate the clearance of a small huntingtin fragment with extended polyglutamines fused to green fluorescent protein reporter. Identified hits were validated in dose-response and toxicity tests. Compounds have been further tested in an assay for clearance of a larger huntingtin fragment, containing either pathological or normal polyglutamine repeats. In this assay, the authors identified compounds selectively targeting the clearance of mutant but not normal huntingtin fragments. These compounds were subjected to a functional assay, which yielded a lead compound that rescues cells from induced mutant polyglutamine toxicity. (Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2007:351-360)
Noncoherent ultra-wideband systems

The need for low-complexity devices with low-power consumption motivates the application of suboptimal noncoherent ultra-wideband (UWB) receivers. This article provides an overview of the state of the art of recent research activities in this field. It introduces energy detection and autocorrelation receiver front ends with a focus on architectures that perform the initial signal processing tasks in the analog domain, such that the receiver does not need to sample the UWB received signals at Nyquist rate. Common signaling and multiple access schemes are reviewed for both front ends. An elaborate section illustrates various performance tradeoffs to highlight preferred system choices. Practical issues are discussed, including, for low-data-rate schemes, the allowed power allocation per pulse according to the regulator's ruling and the estimated power consumption of a receiver chip. A large part is devoted to signal processing steps needed in a digital receiver. It starts with synchronization and time-of-arrival estimation schemes, introduces studies about the narrowband interference problem, and describes solutions for high-data-rate and multiple access communications. Drastic advantages concerning complexity and robustness justify the application of noncoherent UWB systems, particularly for low-data-rate systems.
Malay Speech Recognition using Self-Organizing Map and Multilayer Perceptron

In this paper, a hybrid method based neural network algorithm has been proposed for speech recognition. The proposed method combines Self-Organizing Map (SOM) which known as unsupervised network and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) which known as supervised network for Malay speech recognition. After the acoustic preprocessing where Linear Prediction Coding (LPC) is used to extract the acoustic information from raw signal, then a 2-dimensional (2D) self-organizing feature map is used as also a feature extractor which acts as a sequential mapping function in order to transform the acoustic vector sequences of speech signal into trajectories. The SOM is used to produce the trajectory vector for classification. The SOM converts the cepstrum vectors into a binary matrix which has the same dimension with the SOM. The idea behind this method is accumulating the all winner node of a syllable utterance in a same dimension map where the winner node is scaled into value “1” and others are scaled into value “0”. This result a binary pattern in the 2D map which represent the speech content. The transformation of the feature vector by SOM simplifies the classification task by recognizer using Multilayer Perceptron. The MLP classifies feature vector that each utterance corresponds to. Various experiments were conducted on the 15 Malay syllables by a speaker (speaker dependent system) for conventional technique (MLP only) and the proposed method (SOM and MLP). Our proposed algorithm has achieved better performance where improves the recognition accuracy up to about 4%.
Oversexualization among emerging adults: Preliminary associations with romantic attachment and intimacy

Abstract:This study examined romantic attachment and intimacy as correlates of oversexualized behaviours and attitudes among emerging adults. A sample of 587 participants (494 women, 93 men) aged between 18 and 29 completed a series of online questionnaires assessing oversexualization, romantic attachment, and intimacy. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between these variables and examine the moderating role of sex. Results revealed that attachment-related anxiety was associated with overinvestment in sexual appearance, sexual objectification, and performance-based sexuality. This last association was stronger for men than for women. Attachment-related avoidance was associated with seduction and lower meaningfulness of sexuality. In addition, while sexualized language was related to a better perception of emotional, social, sexual, and recreational intimacy, meaningfulness of sexuality was positively related to all dimensions of intimacy. Conversely, sexual objectification was related to lower recreational intimacy, seductive attitude was related to lower emotional intimacy, and overinvestment in one's sexualized appearance was related to lower sexual intimacy. For men only, overinvestment in sexualized appearance was also related to higher perceived social intimacy Theoretical and clinical implications of these results are discussed.
Sheaves on Artin stacks

Abstract We develop a theory of quasi-coherent and constructible sheaves on algebraic stacks correcting a mistake in the recent book of Laumon and Moret-Bailly. We study basic cohomological properties of such sheaves, and prove stack-theoretic versions of Grothendieck's Fundamental Theorem for proper morphisms, Grothendieck's Existence Theorem, Zariski's Connectedness Theorem, as well as finiteness theorems for proper push forwards of coherent and constructible sheaves. We also explain how to define a derived pullback functor which enables one to carry through the construction of a cotangent complex for a morphism of algebraic stacks due to Laumon and Moret-Bailly.
Suppression of Jamming in Excitable Systems by Aperiodic Stochastic Resonance

To suppress undesirable noise (jamming) associated with signals is important for many applications. Here we explore the idea of jamming suppression with realistic, aperiodic signals by stochastic resonance. In particular, we consider weak amplitude-modulated (AM), frequency-modulated (FM), and chaotic signals with strong, broad-band or narrow-band jamming, and show that aperiodic stochastic resonance occurring in an array of excitable dynamical systems can be effective to counter jamming. We provide formulas for quantitative measures characterizing the resonance. As excitability is ubiquitous in biological systems, our work suggests that aperiodic stochastic resonance may be a universal and effective mechanism for reducing noise associated with input signals for transmitting and processing information.
Adaptive depth bias for shadow maps

Shadow aliasing due to limited storage precision has been plaguing discrete shadowing algorithms for decades. We present a simple method to eliminate false self-shadowing through adaptive depth bias. Unlike existing methods which simply set the weight of the bias based on surface slope or utilize the second nearest surface, we evaluate the bound of bias for each fragment and compute the optimal bias within the bound. Our method introduces small overhead, preserves more shadow details than widely used constant bias and slope scale bias and works for common 2D shadow maps as well as 3D binary shadow volumes.
A survey on steganography techniques in real time audio signals and evaluation

Steganography has proven to be one of the practical ways of securing data. It is a new kind of secret communication used mainly to hide secret data inside other innocent digital mediums. Most of existing steganographic techniques use digital multimedia files as cover mediums to hide secret data. Audio files and signals make appropriate mediums for steganography due to the high data transmission rate and the high level of redundancy. Hiding data in real time communication audio signals is not a simple mission. Steganography requirements as well as real time communication requirements are supposed to be met in order to construct a useful and useful data hiding application. In this paper we will survey the general principles of hiding secret information using audio technology, and provide an overview of current functions and techniques. These techniques will be evaluated across both, steganography and real time communication requirements.
A Lightweight Security Analyzer inside GCC

This paper describes the design and implementation of a lightweight static security analyzer that exploits the compilation process of the gcc compiler. The tool is aimed at giving to programmers useful and precise hints for improving the security of the developed software, while also detecting format string vulnerabilities, buffer overflows, and subtle vulnerabilities due to incorrect arithmetic and conversion on integers. The experimented technique is a combination of the taint analysis concept and of a value range propagation algorithm. The experimental results obtained by analyzing some real-world security critical programs show that the tool is only slightly heavier than pure compilation, and that it is able to detect known vulnerabilities, as well as unknown ones. Moreover, even if false positives are given, many of the warnings that do not correspond to vulnerabilities are indeed instances of unsafe programming practices, which can be avoided by applying a defensive programming style. Then, the tool can be profitably used during development, as a means that facilitates such coding practice.
The fractal geometry of the European eel stock

The European eel Anguilla anguilla L. is found in most European waters. This widespread species is usually exploited by small-scale companies fishing in localized areas. This implies a contrast of scales. This study analysed data on recruitment, stock, and fisheries to determine how they vary geographically. Coherence between 17 data series on glass eel recruitment is analysed by multivariate techniques. It is shown that the majority of these series exhibit a mutually correlated downward trend since 1980; two of the three stations in Ireland, one in the UK and one in Scandinavia show aberrant trends. The geographical distribution of the continental stock is exemplified by a variogram of the length of eel in the Netherlands. It is found that at a distance of only ∼10 km a large variance component is found, that can not be explained by mere distance. Apparently, the continental stock is fragmented by the fragmentation of the inland waters themselves. The geographical distribution of the continental fisheries is exemplified in an analysis of the dispersion of Dutch fishing licence holders over the country. It is shown that the licence holders are highly over-dispersed, except for the companies fishing on lake IJsselmeer. It is concluded that the distribution pattern of the European eel is characterized by great uniformity in the recruitment stage over the majority of the continent. In the growing stages, the stock (and fisheries) exist in extremely small, fragmented units. It is argued that this dual distribution characteristic necessitates large-scale, continent-wide management, while assessment of the fragmented continental stock and centralized management of the scattered fisheries is not practicable.
Mining user similarity from semantic trajectories

In recent years, research on measuring trajectory similarity has attracted a lot of attentions. Most of similarities are defined based on the geographic features of mobile users' trajectories. However, trajectories geographically close may not necessarily be similar because the activities implied by nearby landmarks they pass through may be different. In this paper, we argue that a better similarity measurement should have taken into account the semantics of trajectories. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for recommending potential friends based on users' semantic trajectories for location-based social networks. The core of our proposal is a novel trajectory similarity measurement, namely, Maximal Semantic Trajectory Pattern Similarity (MSTP-Similarity), which measures the semantic similarity between trajectories. Accordingly, we propose a user similarity measurement based on MSTP-Similarity of user trajectories and use it as the basis for recommending potential friends to a user. Through experimental evaluation, the proposed friend recommendation approach is shown to deliver excellent performance.
Achievable Capacity Limit of High Performance Nodes for Wireless Mesh Networks

Copyright: 2012 Olwal et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Binary Code Continent: Finer-Grained Control Flow Integrity for Stripped Binaries

Control Flow Integrity (CFI) is an effective technique to mitigate threats such as code-injection and code-reuse attacks in programs by protecting indirect transfers. For stripped binaries, a CFI policy has to be made conservatively due to the lack of source code level semantics. Existing binary-only CFI solutions such as BinCFI and CCFIR demonstrate the ability to protect stripped binaries, but the policies they apply are too permissive, allowing sophisticated code-reuse attacks. In this paper, we propose a new binary-only CFI protection scheme called BinCC, which applies static binary rewriting to provide finer-grained protection for x86 stripped ELF binaries. Through code duplication and static analysis, we divide the binary code into several mutually exclusive code continents. We further classify each indirect transfer within a code continent as either an Intra-Continent transfer or an Inter-Continent transfer, and apply separate, strict CFI polices to constrain these transfers. To evaluate BinCC, we introduce new metrics to estimate the average amount of legitimate targets of each kind of indirect transfer as well as the difficulty to leverage call preceded gadgets to generate ROP exploits. Compared to the state of the art binary-only CFI, BinCFI, the experimental results show that BinCC significantly reduces the legitimate transfer targets by 81.34% and increases the difficulty for adversaries to bypass CFI restriction to launch sophisticated ROP attacks. Also, BinCC achieves a reasonable performance, around 14% of the space overhead decrease and only 4% runtime overhead increase as compared to BinCFI.
Mixed Mode Programming for Sparse Linear Algebra

Sparse linear algebra algorithms, and especially algorithms for the iterative so-lution of sparse lineary systems, lie at the heart of many scientiﬁc computingapplications, ranging from computational ﬂuid dynamics to structural engineer-ing and electromagnetic analysis. Their eﬃcient implementation is thus a veryimportant challenge for the numerical software community.The current trend in high performance computing architectures is to movetowards clusters of shared memory multiprocessor machines; the advances inthe hardware and system performance however have yet to be matched by cor-responding advances in programming paradigms.In this paper we report on our experiments in implementing a hybrid pro-gramming model for sparse linear algebra computations. We have taken an ex-isting library interface based on MPI [3] and reimplemented its kernels by usingOpenMP parallelization for intra-node computations. We comment on the ma-jor points related to the parallelization of the various algorithms, and on theviability of the various operating environments, with respect to the computing,communication and compilation systems.Our aim in this work is to provide an interface for the convenient imple-mentation of iterative methods for sparse linear systems on clusters of sharedmemory computers; such computing platforms include most currently availablesupercomputers such as the IBM SP machines, as well as networks of commodityworkstations based on the Intel processor architecture.The ﬁeld of sparse linear algebra has seen recently the emergence of a newstandard proposed by Duﬀ et al [1], which is a substantial update of the previouseﬀort documented in [2]; our library is based on the same internals, and we arecurrently working at making the user-level interface compatible with the newstandard.
Using a Free-Parts Representation for Visual Speech Recognition

Motivated by the success of free-parts based representations in face recognition, we have attempted to address some of the problems associated with applying such a philosophy to the task of speaker-independent visual speech recognition. A major problem with canonical area-based approaches in automatic visual speech recognition is the dependence these approaches have on locating and tracking the speaker’s region of interest (ROI) correctly. By employing a free-parts representation,we assume that the position/structure of patches within the mouth image can be relaxed so they can "freely" move to varying extents, hence reducing the influence of the front-end effect. In this paper, we show that by using a free-parts representation we gain some robustness against the problem of ROI localisation and tracking compared to current area-based feature extraction techniques such as the discrete cosine transform (DCT). Also in this paper, we expose the importance of representation for the task of visual speech recognition highlighted by the poor results current representations yield.
A Camera Based Interactive System for Human Body Modeling

An interactive system is presented for three dimensional reconstruction of human models from multiple images taken from a human body image capturing setup. The reconstruction is based on two computer vision techniques { volumetric intersection by cross sections approach and stereo. The basic theory behind these techniques is outlined. The main components of the system { image capturing, image processing, camera calibration, 3D reconstruction and 3D surface representation { are explained and various user interaction tools are mentioned. In the system, di erent parts of a human body will be reconstructed separately. A stack of parallel cross sections, each of which is represented by a NURBS curve, will be computed for each part of the body by volumetric intersection. The concave parts of the body like chest of a female may not be captured by the cross sections. In those cases, the cross sections are modi ed by capturing the concave parts by stereo using structured light grid points. Then the cross sections are ne tuned by user interaction, wherever necessary, for smoothness and accuracy.
LARGE INFORMATION PLUS NOISE RANDOM MATRIX MODELS AND CONSISTENT SUBSPACE ESTIMATION IN LARGE SENSOR NETWORKS

In array processing, a common problem is to estimate the angles of arrival of K deterministic sources impinging on an array of M antennas, from N observations of the source signal, corrupted by Gaussian noise. In the so-called subspace methods, the problem reduces to estimate a quadratic form (called "localization function") of a certain projection matrix related to the source signal empirical covariance matrix. The estimates of the angles of arrival are then obtained by taking the K deepest local minima of the estimated localization function. Recently, a new subspace estimation method has been proposed, in the context where the number of available samples N is of the same order of magnitude than the number of sensors M. In this context, the traditional subspace methods tend to fail because they are based on the empirical covariance matrix of the observations which is a poor estimate of the source signal covariance matrix. The new subspace method is based on a consistent estimator of the localization func.
Hierarchical analysis and multi-scale modelling of rat cortical and trabecular bone

The aim of this study was to explore the hierarchical arrangement of structural properties in cortical and trabecular bone and to determine a mathematical model that accurately predicts the tissue's mechanical properties as a function of these indices. By using a variety of analytical techniques, we were able to characterize the structural and compositional properties of cortical and trabecular bones, as well as to determine the suitable mathematical model to predict the tissue's mechanical properties using a continuum micromechanics approach. Our hierarchical analysis demonstrated that the differences between cortical and trabecular bone reside mainly at the micro- and ultrastructural levels. By gaining a better appreciation of the similarities and differences between the two bone types, we would be able to provide a better assessment and understanding of their individual roles, as well as their contribution to bone health overall.