Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FAUST. XIII. Dusty cavity and molecular shock driven by IRS7B in the Corona Australis cluster

The origin of the chemical diversity observed around low-mass protostars probably resides in the earliest history of these systems. We aim to investigate the impact of protostellar feedback on the chemistry and grain growth in the circumstellar medium of multiple stellar systems. In the context of the ALMA Large Program FAUST, we present high-resolution (50 au) observations of CH$_3$OH, H$_2$CO, and SiO and continuum emission at 1.3 mm and 3 mm towards the Corona Australis star cluster. Methanol emission reveals an arc-like structure at sim 1800 au from the protostellar system IRS7B along the direction perpendicular to the major axis of the disc. The arc is located at the edge of two elongated continuum structures that define a cone emerging from IRS7B. The region inside the cone is probed by H$_2$CO, while the eastern wall of the arc shows bright emission in SiO, a typical shock tracer. Taking into account the association with a previously detected radio jet imaged with JVLA at 6 cm, the molecular arc reveals for the first time a bow shock driven by IRS7B and a two-sided dust cavity opened by the mass-loss process. For each cavity wall, we derive an average H$_2$ column density of sim 7times 1021 cm$^ $, a mass of sim 9times 10$^ $ M$_ and a lower limit on the dust spectral index of $1.4$. These observations provide the first evidence of a shock and a conical dust cavity opened by the jet driven by IRS7B, with important implications for the chemical enrichment and grain growth in the envelope of Solar System analogues
Merits of Time-Domain Computing for VMM -- A Quantitative Comparison

Vector-matrix-multiplication (VMM) accel-erators have gained a lot of traction, especially due to therise of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the desireto compute them on the edge. Besides the classical digitalapproach, analog computing has gone through a renais-sance to push energy efficiency further. A more recent ap-proach is called time-domain (TD) computing. In contrastto analog computing, TD computing permits easy technol-ogy as well as voltage scaling. As it has received limitedresearch attention, it is not yet clear which scenarios aremost suitable to be computed in the TD. In this work, weinvestigate these scenarios, focussing on energy efficiencyconsidering approximative computations that preserve ac-curacy. Both goals are addressed by a novel efficiency met-ric, which is used to find a baseline design. We use SPICEsimulation data which is fed into a python framework toevaluate how performance scales for VMM computation.We see that TD computing offers best energy efficiency forsmall to medium sized arrays. With throughput and sili-con footprint we investigate two additional metrics, givinga holistic comparison.
A novel approach for trajectory feature representation and anomalous trajectory detection

Trajectories obtained from low level tracking algorithm provide an opportunity for us to analyze meaningful behaviors and monitor adverse or malicious events. How to abstract meaningful features from the raw data of trajectories is a challenge due to the high dimensionality and noise. In this paper, a novel approach, stacked denoising autoencoder(SDA) is applied to address this problem. This method can reduce the dimensionality of the trajectories significantly, so that they can be handled easily. More importantly, the denoising process of the SDA can capture the structure of the raw data, so the features they producing generalize well for detecting anomalous trajectories. The results of the numerical experiments prove the validity of the proposed approach.
Efficient privacy-preserving string search and an application in genomics

Motivation: Personal genomes carry inherent privacy risks and protecting privacy poses major social and technological challenges. We consider the case where a user searches for genetic information (e.g., an allele) on a server that stores a large genomic database and aims to receive allele-associated information. The user would like to keep the query and result private and the server the database. Approach: We propose a novel approach that combines efficient string data structures such as the Burrows-Wheeler transform with cryptographic techniques based on additive homomorphic encryption. We assume that the sequence data is searchable in efficient iterative query operations over a large indexed dictionary, for instance, from large genome collections and employing the (positional) Burrows-Wheeler transform. We use a technique called oblivious transfer that is based on additive homomorphic encryption to conceal the sequence query and the genomic region of interest in positional queries. Results: We designed and implemented an efficient algorithm for searching sequences of SNPs in large genome databases. During search, the user can only identify the longest match while the server does not learn which sequence of SNPs the user queried. In an experiment based on 2,184 aligned haploid genomes from the 1,000 Genomes Project, our algorithm was able to perform typical queries within ≈4.6 seconds and ≈10.8 seconds for client and server side, respectively, on laptop computers. The presented algorithm is at least one order of magnitude faster than an exhaustive baseline algorithm. Availability: https://github.com/iskana/PBWT-sec and https://github.com/ratschlab/PBWT-sec.
USING LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS TO TEST THEORIES OF CORPORATE BEHAVIOR

Laboratory experiments provide the most rigorous method of testing scientific theories. However, their current use is primarily limited to testing theories of individual behavior. I suggest the conditions under which one can test theories of corporate behavior in laboratory experiments, using human subjects in the role of purposive corporate actors (such as groups or the state). Using the Condorcet Jury Theorem, I demonstrate that, when four conditions are met, laboratory experiments with human subjects represent statistically conservative tests of such theories. I address the issue of `external validity' and argue that it is not a concern for laboratory experiments as a means of testing theories with clearly stated scope conditions. Finally, I point out that, contrary to popular belief, supermajority decision rules, used by juries and legislatures alike presumably for more important decisions, actually lead to inferior collective decisions.
Comparison between Experiential and Didactic Methods of Death Education

This research examined the impact of a death and dying workshop on individual attitudes toward life and death. The workshop was a voluntary eight-hour, small group experience conducted for heterogeneous hospital staff of a large southeastern medical center. Pre-post questionnaire data were collected from two groups of workshop participants and a matched control group. One of the workshop groups (didactic group) participated in an educational program emphasizing lecture presentations and small group discussion. In contrast, the second workshop group (experiential) confronted, examined, and shared their own feelings and reactions to grief and death. Role playing and death awareness and grief exercises were used for this purpose. Data indicated that the experiential group showed a significant reduction in fear of death as a result of the workshop, whereas both the didactic and control groups changed negatively over time. Results support the view that an emotional, personal approach to death is an important element in an effective death educational program.
Exploring Representation-Learning Approaches to Domain Adaptation

Most supervised language processing systems show a significant drop-off in performance when they are tested on text that comes from a domain significantly different from the domain of the training data. Sequence labeling systems like part-of-speech taggers are typically trained on newswire text, and in tests their error rate on, for example, biomedical data can triple, or worse. We investigate techniques for building open-domain sequence labeling systems that approach the ideal of a system whose accuracy is high and constant across domains. In particular, we investigate unsupervised techniques for representation learning that provide new features which are stable across domains, in that they are predictive in both the training and out-of-domain test data. In experiments, our novel techniques reduce error by as much as 29% relative to the previous state of the art on out-of-domain text.
Design and simulation of high efficiency AlxGa1−xAs/Ga0.47 in0.53asyP1−y bandgraded 2-J tandem solar cell

The III-V compound semiconductor based multi-junction tandem solar cell has ultra-high efficiency and better cell stability. In this paper, a new type of AlGaAs/GaInAsP 2-J tandem solar cell has been introduced and designed by bandgrading thereby obtaining a set of descending layers having bandgap from 2.09eV–0.84eV and grown over a Ge substrate. For matching the currents between subcells, a tunnel junction has been used as an interconnection between the two subcells. Moreover, the used materials and the characteristics of the designed cell have been discussed in the paper. After that, short circuit current, open circuit voltage, fill factor and cell efficiency have been simulated for proposed AlGaAs/GaInAsP 2-J cell under AM1.5 spectrum which have proved it as highly efficient as previously researched 3-J cell. Finally, following the newly designed AlGaAs/GaInAsP 2-J tandem solar cell, design of AlGaAs/GaInAsP/GaAsSb 3-J tandem solar cell and AlGaAs/GaInAsP/GaAsSb/GaInAs 4-J tandem solar cell design have also been introduced and proposed.
An Object-Based Total Quality Reference Model For Realising System And Education Quality In Distance Learning Systems

This paper aims to develop an object-based total quality reference model for various perspectives of heterogeneous stakeholders, which is able to completely define the quality of a distance learning system. The proposed model is a multilayer framework that is stratified by an abstract model, quality categories, super quality classes, sub-super quality classes, and attributes. Through back-forwarding quality attributes of stakeholders to quality categories, the quality of distance learning system can be evaluated. The advantage of using this model is that the quality dimensions from heterogeneous stakeholders are conclusive and a system can be completely analysed. To practically verify the proposed model, a distance learning system from Taiwan is constructed. The reliability analysis using an expert questionnaire is implemented and the constructed system is discussed to validate the proposed model.
CT-3DFlow : Leveraging 3D Normalizing Flows for Unsupervised Detection of Pathological Pulmonary CT scans

Unsupervised pathology detection can be implemented by training a model on healthy data only and measuring the deviation from the training set upon inference, for example with CNN-based feature extraction and one-class classifiers, or reconstruction-score-based methods such as AEs, GANs and Diffusion models. Normalizing Flows (NF) have the ability to directly learn the probability distribution of training examples through an invertible architecture. We leverage this property in a novel 3D NF-based model named CT-3DFlow, specifically tailored for patient-level pulmonary pathology detection in chest CT data. Our model is trained unsupervised on healthy 3D pulmonary CT patches, and detects deviations from its log-likelihood distribution as anomalies. We aggregate patches-level likelihood values from a patient's CT scan to provide a patient-level 'normal'/'abnormal' prediction. Out-of-distribution detection performance is evaluated using expert annotations on a separate chest CT test dataset, outperforming other state-of-the-art methods.
Extreme Terahertz Magnon Multiplication Induced by Resonant Magnetic Pulse Pairs

Nonlinear interactions of spin-waves and their quanta, magnons, have emerged as prominent candidates for interference-based technology, ranging from quantum transduction to antiferromagnetic spintronics. Yet magnon multiplication in the terahertz (THz) spectral region represents a major challenge. Intense, resonant magnetic fields from THz pulse-pairs with controllable phases and amplitudes enable high order THz magnon multiplication, distinct from non-resonant nonlinearities such as the high harmonic generation by below-band gap electric fields. Here, we demonstrate exceptionally high-order THz nonlinear magnonics. It manifests as 7$^\text{th}$-order spin-wave-mixing and 6$^\text{th}$ harmonic magnon generation in an antiferromagnetic orthoferrite. We use THz multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy to achieve high-sensitivity detection of nonlinear magnon interactions up to six-magnon quanta in strongly-driven many-magnon correlated states. The high-order magnon multiplication, supported by classical and quantum spin simulations, elucidates the significance of four-fold magnetic anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya symmetry breaking. Moreover, our results shed light on the potential quantum fluctuation properties inherent in nonlinear magnons.
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses on treatment of asthma: critical evaluation

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the clinical, methodological, and reporting aspects of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the treatment of asthma and to compare those published by the Cochrane Collaboration with those published in paper based journals. Design: Analysis of studies identified from Medline, CINAHL, HealthSTAR, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, personal collections, and reference lists. Studies: Articles describing a systematic review or a meta-analysis of the treatment of asthma that were published as a full report, in any language or format, in a peer reviewed journal or the Cochrane Library. Main outcome measures: General characteristics of studies reviewed and methodological characteristics (sources of articles; language restrictions; format, design, and publication status of studies included; type of data synthesis; and methodological quality). Results: 50 systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. More than half were published in the past two years. Twelve reviews were published in the Cochrane Library and 38 were published in 22 peer reviewed journals. Forced expiratory volume in one second was the most frequently used outcome, but few reviews evaluated the effect of treatment on costs or patient preferences. Forty reviews were judged to have serious or extensive flaws. All six reviews associated with industry were in this group. Seven of the 10 most rigorous reviews were published in the Cochrane Library. Conclusions: Most reviews published in peer reviewed journals or funded by industry have serious methodological flaws that limit their value to guide decisions. Cochrane reviews are more rigorous and better reported than those published in peer reviewed journals.
Hand-to-hand: an intermanual illusion of movement

Apparent tactile motion has been shown to occur across many contiguous part of the body, such as fingers, forearms, and back. A recent study demonstrated the possibility of eliciting the illusion of movement from one hand to the other when interconnected by a tablet. In this paper we explore intermanual apparent tactile motion without any object between them. In a series of psychophysical experiments we determine the control space for generating smooth and consistent motion, using two vibrating handles which we refer to as the Hand-to-Hand vibrotactile device. In a first experiment we investigated the occurrence of the phenomenon (i.e., movement illusion) and the generation of a perceptive model. In a second experiment, based on those results, we investigated the effect of hand postures on the illusion. Finally, in a third experiment we explored two visuo-tactile matching tasks in a multimodal VR setting. Our results can be applied in VR applications with intermanual tactile interactions.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Personal Values Socialization: Correlates of a Moral Self- Ideal in Late Adolescence

There has been considerable study of the development of moral reasoning in adolescence within the cognitive–developmental paradigm, but less empirical attention to the development of moral valuing and motivation. In a two-year longitudinal study, we examined the correlates of high-school students’ endorsement of explicitly moral values as ideals for the self. Those who reported being involved in community helping activities at age 17 were subsequently more likely to increase their relative emphasis on the importance of prosocial moral values for themselves. As predicted, an authoritative family parenting style was associated with more parent–adolescent value agreement in general (regarding both moral and non-moral values). Particularly for males, reports of greater parent monitoring and strictness were associated with more emphasis on moral values for the self. This relation between parental strictness and males’ self-ideals was mediated over time by perceived stronger emphases on moral values by both parents and friends. These findings suggest the potential utility of studying moral motivation to help understand prosocial development in adolescence.
The Open University ’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Mining web data for competency management Conference Item

We present CORDER (COmmunity Relation Discovery by named Entity Recognition) an un-supervised machine learning algorithm that exploits named entity recognition and co-occurrence data to associate individuals in an organization with their expertise and associates. We discuss the problems associated with evaluating unsupervised learners and report our initial evaluation experiments.
Use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of hip fracture in relation to dietary and lifestyle factors: a prospective cohort study

Objective To examine the association between chronic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and risk of hip fracture. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Nurses’ Health Study, which originally recruited from the 11 most populous states in the US. Participants 79 899 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study who provided data on the use of PPIs and other risk factors biennially since 2000 and were followed up to 1 June 2008. Main outcome measure Incident hip fracture Results During 565 786 person years of follow-up, we documented 893 incident hip fractures. The absolute risk of hip fracture among regular users of PPIs was 2.02 events per 1000 person years, compared with 1.51 events per 1000 person years among non-users. Compared with non-users, the risk of hip fracture among women who regularly used PPIs for at least two years was 35% higher (age adjusted hazard ratio 1.35 (95% confidence interval 1.13 to 1.62)), with longer use associated with increasing risk (Ptrend<0.01). Adjustment for risk factors, including body mass index, physical activity, and intake of calcium did not materially alter this association (hazard ratio 1.36 (1.13 to 1.63)). These associations were also not changed after accounting for reasons for PPI use. The relation between PPI use and fracture differed by smoking history (Pinteraction=0.03). Among current and former smokers, PPI use was associated with greater than 50% increase in risk of fracture, with a multivariate hazard ratio for fracture of 1.51 (1.20 to 1.91). In contrast, among women who never smoked there was no association (multivariate hazard ratio 1.06 (0.77 to 1.46)). In a meta-analysis of these results with 10 prior studies, the pooled odds ratio of hip fracture associated with PPI use was 1.30 (1.25 to 1.36). Conclusion Chronic use of PPIs is associated with increased risk of hip fracture, particularly among women with a history of smoking.
Static and Dynamic Channel Assignment Using Neural Networks

We examine the problem of assigning calls in a cellular mobile network to channels in the frequency domain. Such assignments must be made so that interference between calls is minimized, while demands for channels are satisfied. A new nonlinear integer programming representation of the static channel assignment (SCA) problem is formulated. We then propose two different neural networks for solving this problem. The first is an improved Hopfield (1982) neural network which resolves the issues of infeasibility and poor solution quality which have plagued the reputation of the Hopfield network. The second approach is a new self-organizing neural network which is able to solve the SCA problem and many other practical optimization problems due to its generalizing ability. A variety of test problems are used to compare the performance of the neural techniques against more traditional heuristic approaches. Finally, extensions to the dynamic channel assignment problem are considered.
Phrasal Rank-Encoding: Exploiting Phrase Redundancy and Translational Relations for Phrase Table Compression

Phrasal Rank-Encoding: Exploiting Phrase Redundancy and Translational Relations for Phrase Table Compression We describe Phrasal Rank-Encoding (PR-Enc), a novel method for the compression of word-aligned target language data in phrase tables as used in phrase-based SMT. This method reduces the redundancy in phrase tables which is a direct effect of the phrase-based approach. A combination of PR-Enc with Huffman coding allows to reduce the size of an aggressively compressed phrase table by another 39 percent. Using this and other methods for space reduction in a new binary phrase table implementation, a size reduction by an order of magnitude is achieved when comparing to the Moses on-disk phrase table implementation. Concerning decoding speed, all variants of the new phrase table are faster than the Moses binary phrase table implementation while the PR-Enc encoded variant outperforms all other methods.
Policy, planning, and management for religious tourism in Indian pilgrimage sites

This paper examines the current policy framework under which religious tourism operates in India. It is based on a study of Vrindavan, a pilgrimage site representative of a majority of Hindu religious tourism destinations in India, receiving more than six million pilgrims annually. Using a case study approach, the paper highlights how most religious tourism activity takes place outside the state's framework of policies and institutions. The contemporary religious tourism industry has largely evolved from the tradition of pilgrimages and continues to thrive on the economy of religious devotion. Religious actors drive this industry by providing religious services, accommodation and transport options in pilgrimage sites yielding an explicit ‘religious’ and ‘informal’ orientation. Following the colonial legacy, quasi-religious entrepreneurs continue to enjoy exemptions from the state with regard to revenue generation and abstain from civic responsibilities. While the role of the state is undeniable, at present, this is fairly limited due to the lack of understanding of the informality of the industry, absence of adequate policy, and an ‘institutional vacuum’ in dealing with religious tourism. The fragmentation resulting from the free-market situation and the absence of regulation and lack of infrastructural support lead to a condition where a high influx of religious tourists threatens the cultural and environmental sustainability of religious tourism destinations.
Open-loop roll, pitch and yaw torques for a robotic bee

This paper presents measurements of open-loop roll, pitch and yaw torques, and open-loop flight experiments for an insect-sized robotic bee. Torques are generated entirely with flapping wings via an actuation scheme that uses a single, central power actuator and two smaller control actuators that fine-tune wing motion. We present an initial 110mg design used for torque measurements and a lighter 83mg prototype that is capable of liftoff with external power and can execute open loop pitching and rolling maneuvers.