Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Checking for prior-data conflict

Inference proceeds from ingredients chosen by the analyst and data. To validate any inferences drawn it is essential that the inputs chosen be deemed appropriate for the data. In the Bayesian context these inputs consist of both the sampling model and the prior. There are thus two possibilities for failure: the data may not have arisen from the sampling model, or the prior may place most of its mass on parameter values that are not feasible in light of the data (referred to here as prior-data conflict). Failure of the sampling model can only be fixed by modifying the model, while prior-data conflict can be overcome if sufficient data is available. We examine how to assess whether or not a prior-data conflict exists, and how to assess when its effects can be ignored for inferences. The concept of prior-data conflict is seen to lead to a partial characterization of what is meant by a noninformative prior or a noninformative sequence of priors.
A social construction approach to computer science education

Computer science education research has mostly focused on cognitive approaches to learning. Cognitive approaches to understanding learning do not account for all the phenomena observed in teaching and learning. A number of apparently successful educational approaches, such as peer assessment, apprentice-based learning and action learning, have aspects that are not satisfactorily explained by purely cognitive models. On the other hand, these approaches are stratagems rather than comprehensive theories, in that they do not apply in all cases. Education theories which explore learning beyond the cognitive domain, such as social construction, may provide additional insights into matters such as teaching style, curriculum design and assessment practices. This paper proposes a start towards introducing social construction into computer science education, and proposes new directions for research, curriculum development and educational practice.
Structure of a dinuclear cadmium complex with 2,2′-bipyridine, monodentate nitrate and 3-carboxy-6-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate ligands: intramolecular carbonyl(lone pair)⋯π(ring) and nitrate(π)⋯π(ring) interactions

A dinuclear Cd 3-carboxy-6-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate complex is reported, in which the anionic ligand displays an unusual μ2-κ3 coordination mode. The crystal structure consists of hydrogen-bonded planar arrays held by X—H⋯O (X = O,C) and X—O⋯π(ring) (X = N,O) interactions, leaving interstitial columnar voids.
Psikologi perkembangan kanak-kanak: Satu perihalan asas

Psikologi perkembangan manusia khususnya pada zaman bayi dan kanak-kanak merupakan satu subjek yang amat kompleks dan menyeluruh. Pada amnya,sub-bidang psikologi perkembangan emosi, tingkah laku, moral, kognitif, fizikal, personaliti, perhubungan sosial serta segala bentuk permasalahan yang berkaitan dengannya.Kajian mengenai perkembangan manusia ini bermula dengan peringkat perkembangan janin, zaman bayi, kanak-kanak, remaja, dewasa muda, dewasa lanjutan dan seterusnya ke zaman tua. Dalam bahagian ini, perbincangan akan ditumpukan kepada perkembangan tahap bayi dan kanak-kanak sahaja. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan "perkembangan"? Secara amnya, perkembangan adalah pembesaran dan pembangunan organisma. Secara khususnya pula, iaitu dari fahaman psikologikal, perkembangan ialah perubahan dengan masa, yakni perubahan dari segi umur (kronologi) dan perubahan dari segi evolusi(ontogenik). Perkembangan dari segi umur adalah jelas. Bayi membesar secara kuantitatif apabila umurnya meningkat. Bagi perkembangan ontogenik pula ia membawa maksud perubahan evolusi dari segi sahsiah, kognitif, moral fizikal, sosial dan lain-lain aspek lagi.Perkembangan ini ialah dari sudut kuantitatif dan kualitatif.
Teacher-Parent Cooperation: Strategies to Engage Parents in Their Children's School Lives

This article examines the collaboration of 2 teachers with the families of their pupils. The data were collected during an ethnographic study conducted in a rural school in Cyprus. The data set includes indi- vidual interviews, focus groups, observations, and the researcher's jour- nal. These 2 teachers, with different perspectives on parental involve- ment, adopted different but effective strategies to involve parents actively in their children's school lives.
EUPaaS - Elastic Ubiquitous Platform as a Service for Large-scale Ubiquitous Applications

Large-scale ubiquitous computing applications are rapidly emerging in the fields of pervasive healthcare, smart cities and so on. They present unprecedented challenges to state-of-the-art ubiquitous systems in the respects of accommodating fluctuating user demands, handling volatile data quality and adaptation to complex system and user contexts. Driven by a motivating scenario in future mega-hospital environment, we propose to exploit the potential of cloud computing in supporting large-scale ubiquitous computing applications. This position paper will present the novel concept of EUPaaS (Elastic Ubiquitous Platform as a Service), outline the key research topics, and propose a cloud-based ubiquitous application platform.
Evidence for a Saponin Biosynthesis Pathway in the Body Wall of the Commercially Significant Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra

The sea cucumber (phylum Echinodermata) body wall is the first line of defense and is well known for its production of secondary metabolites; including vitamins and triterpenoid glycoside saponins that have important ecological functions and potential benefits to human health. The genes involved in the various biosynthetic pathways are unknown. To gain insight into these pathways in an echinoderm, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis and functional annotation of the body wall and the radial nerve of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra; to define genes associated with body wall metabolic functioning and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. We show that genes related to signal transduction mechanisms were more highly represented in the H. scabra body wall, including genes encoding enzymes involved in energy production. Eight of the core triterpenoid biosynthesis enzymes were found, however, the identity of the saponin specific biosynthetic pathway enzymes remains unknown. We confirm the body wall release of at least three different triterpenoid saponins using solid phase extraction followed by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry. The resource we have established will help to guide future research to explore secondary metabolite biosynthesis in the sea cucumber.
Inferring the Structure of Graph Grammars from Data

Graphs can be used to represent such diverse entities as chemical compounds, transportation networks, and the world wide web. Stochastic graph grammars are compact representations of probability distributions over graphs. We present an algorithm for inferring stochastic graph grammars from data. That is, given a set of graphs that, for example, correspond to a set of chemical compounds, all of which have some desirable property, the algorithm uncovers the structure shared by the graphs and represents it in the form of a stochastic graph grammar. The inferred grammar assigns high probability to the graphs from which it was learned and low probability to other graphs. We report results of preliminary experiments in which inferred graph grammars are compared to target grammars used to generated training data.
Reducción de los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en docentes de educación especial a través de un programa de mindfulness

En este estudio se analiza la incidencia de un programa de meditacion sobre los niveles de estres, ansiedad y depresion de un grupo de docentes de educacion especial. Para ello se conto con la participacion de un grupo experimental que recibio dicha intervencion en meditacion, y un grupo control que no fue sometido a dicha intervencion. Los niveles de estres, ansiedad y depresion de ambos grupos fueron evaluados mediante la Escala de Estres Docente (ED-6). Los analisis estadisticos realizados mostraron una reduccion significativa de los niveles de estres ansiedad y depresion en el grupo experimental en comparacion con el grupo control. Los resultados hallados en la presente investigacion confirman la utilidad de las tecnicas de meditacion como estrategias utiles y efectivas que pueden ser incorporadas en la formacion de los futuros docentes de educacion especial para mejorar su bienestar psicologico y emocional.
Time-Frequency Feature Representation Using Multi-Resolution Texture Analysis and Acoustic Activity Detector for Real-Life Speech Emotion Recognition

The classification of emotional speech is mostly considered in speech-related research on human-computer interaction (HCI). In this paper, the purpose is to present a novel feature extraction based on multi-resolutions texture image information (MRTII). The MRTII feature set is derived from multi-resolution texture analysis for characterization and classification of different emotions in a speech signal. The motivation is that we have to consider emotions have different intensity values in different frequency bands. In terms of human visual perceptual, the texture property on multi-resolution of emotional speech spectrogram should be a good feature set for emotion classification in speech. Furthermore, the multi-resolution analysis on texture can give a clearer discrimination between each emotion than uniform-resolution analysis on texture. In order to provide high accuracy of emotional discrimination especially in real-life, an acoustic activity detection (AAD) algorithm must be applied into the MRTII-based feature extraction. Considering the presence of many blended emotions in real life, in this paper make use of two corpora of naturally-occurring dialogs recorded in real-life call centers. Compared with the traditional Mel-scale Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and the state-of-the-art features, the MRTII features also can improve the correct classification rates of proposed systems among different language databases. Experimental results show that the proposed MRTII-based feature information inspired by human visual perception of the spectrogram image can provide significant classification for real-life emotional recognition in speech.
HISTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ANTRAL GASTRIN CELL

The antropyloric mucosa of rat, rabbit, cat, pig and man was investigated using certain modifications of the original Falck-Hillarp procedure. In rabbit, cat, pig and man, combined formaldehyde-ozone treatment induced intense fluorescence in a large number of epithelial cells. By subsequent treatment of the sections for immunohistochemical detection of gastrin (immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase labeling), it could be shown that these cells were identical with the gastrin cells. The gastrin cells of cat and man could be visualized also by treatment with formaldehyde-HCl, a feature not shared with the gastrin cells of rabbit and pig. The gastrin cells in the rat antrum gave no fluorescence with either formaldehyde-ozone or formaldehyde-HCl. From histochemical model experiments and cytospectrofluorometric analyses it appears probable that the formaldehyde-ozone-induced fluorescence reflects the presence of a peptide with NH2-terminal tryptophan. The chemical background of the fluorescence induced by formaldehyde-HCl treatment is as yet obscure. The gastrin cells of all animals studied stained with silver in the Grimelius method. Argentaffin and diazo staining as well as silver staining according to Hellerström and Hellman were carried out on sections from human antrum only. The gastrin cells were negative with these stains, but they stained with lead-hematoxylin. These properties support the view that the gastrin cells are identical with the so-called G cells.
A Regression Equation for the Estimation of Maximum Oxygen Uptake in Nepalese Adult Females

Purpose Validity of the 20-meter multi stage shuttle run test (20-m MST) has not been studied in Nepalese population. The purpose of this study was to validate the applicability of the 20-m MST in Nepalese adult females. Methods Forty female college students (age range, 20.42 ~24.75 years) from different colleges of Nepal were recruited for the study. Direct estimation of VO2 max comprised treadmill exercise followed by expired gas analysis by scholander micro-gas analyzer whereas VO2 max was indirectly predicted by the 20-m MST. Results The difference between the mean (±SD) VO2 max values of direct measurement (VO2 max = 32.78 +/-2.88 ml/kg/min) and the 20-m MST (SPVO2 max = 32.53 + /-3.36 ml/kg/min) was statistically insignificant (P>0.1). Highly significant correlation (r=0.94, P<0.01) existed between the maximal speed of the 20-m MST and VO2 max. Limits of agreement analysis also suggest that the 20-m MST can be applied for the studied population. Conclusion The results of limits of agreement analysis suggest that the application of the present form of the 20-m MST may be justified in the studied population. However, for better prediction of VO2 max, a new equation has been computed based on the present data to be used for female college students of Nepal.
Antidepressant-Like Effects of κ-Opioid Receptor Antagonists in the Forced Swim Test in Rats

We showed previously that cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rats regulates immobility in the forced swim test (FST), an assay used to study depression. Because CREB regulates expression of dynorphin (which acts at κ-opioid receptors) in NAc neurons, these findings raised the possibility that κ-receptors mediate immobility behaviors in the FST. Here, we report that i.c. v. administration of the κ-antagonist nor-binaltorphimine dose dependently decreased immobility in the FST, suggesting that it has antidepressant-like effects. Implicating a specific effect at κ-receptors, similar antidepressant-like effects were seen after treatment with either of two novel, structurally dissimilar κ-antagonists: 5′-guanidinonaltrindole, which was effective after i.c. v. but not systemic treatment, and 5′-acetamidinoethylnaltrindole (ANTI), which was potent and effective after systemic treatment. The behavioral effects of the κ-antagonists resembled those of tricyclic antidepressants (desipramine) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine and citalopram). Conversely, systemic administration of the κ-agonist [5α,7α,8β]-N-methyl-N-[7-[1-pyrrolidinyl]-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec8-yl]-benzenacetamide (U-69593) dose dependently increased immobility in the FST, consistent with prodepressant-like effects. The effects of the κ-ligands in the FST were not correlated with nonspecific effects on locomotor activity. Furthermore, the most potent and effective κ-antagonist (ANTI) did not affect the rewarding impact of lateral hypothalamic brain stimulation at a dose with strong antidepressant-like effects. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that CREB-mediated induction of dynorphin in the NAc “triggers” immobility behavior in the FST. Furthermore, they raise the possibility that κ-antagonists may have efficacy as antidepressants, but lack stimulant or reward-related effects.
The . Matthew Effect 0 m Science The reward and communication systems of science are considered

, This paper develops a conception of \ \ ways in which certain psychosociai . , processes affect the allocation of rewards to scientists for their contribu\ tjonsan allocation which in turn affwts the flow of ideas and findings th&gh the communication networks of s&,nce. The conception is based upon ah, analysis of the compotite of experienc; ,,reported in Harriet Zuckerman’s intemiews with Nobel laureates in the United @ates (1) and upon data drawn from the diaries, letters, notebooks. scientific &pen, and biographies of other scientists.
Nanoparticles at fluid interfaces

Nanoparticles at fluid interfaces are becoming a central topic in colloid science studies. Unlike in the case of colloids in suspensions, the description of the forces determining the physical behavior of colloids at interfaces still represents an outstanding problem in the modern theory of colloidal interactions. These forces regulate the formation of complex two-dimensional structures, which can be exploited in a number of applications of technological interest; optical devices, catalysis, molecular electronics or emulsions stabilization. From a fundamental viewpoint and typical for colloidal systems, nanoparticles and microparticles at interfaces are ideal experimental and theoretical models for investigating questions of relevance in condensed matter physics, such as the phase behavior of two-dimensional fluids. This review is a topical survey of the stability, self-assembly behavior and mutual interactions of nanoparticles at fluid interfaces. Thermodynamic models offer an intuitive approach to explaining the interfacial stability of nanoparticles in terms of a few material properties, such as the surface and line tensions. A critical discussion of the theoretical basis, accuracy, limitations, and recent predictions of the thermodynamic models is provided. We also review recent work concerned with nanoparticle self-assembly at fluid interfaces. Complex two-dimensional structures varying considerably with the particle nature have been observed in a number of experiments. We discuss the self-assembly behavior in terms of nanoparticle composition, focusing on sterically stabilized, charged and magnetic nanoparticles. The structure of the two-dimensional assemblies is a reflection of complex intercolloidal forces. Unlike the case for bulk colloidal suspensions, which often can be described reasonably well using DLVO (Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek) theory, the description of particles at interfaces requires the consideration of interfacial deformations as well as interfacial thermal fluctuations. We analyze the importance of both deformation and fluctuations, as well as the modification of electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. Finally, we discuss possible future directions in the field of nanoparticles at interfaces.
Classification of and experimentation on tool interfacing in software development environments

The effectiveness of tool integration in software development environments is ultimately measured by its ability in improving the productivity of the user. Traditionally, issues related to tool integration are often classified according to aspects of such mechanisms as user interface, control, and data integration which are purely from the viewpoint of the environment developer. This mechanism-based classification has worked well in analyzing the relevant issues of tool integration. However, its usefulness as a guide to achieving effective tool integration is limited. The authors introduce an alternative classification scheme aimed at gradual improvement to the effectiveness of tool integration. As such, this classification scheme provides a guide to tool integration along the line of improving the user's productivity. In terms of this classification, they compare and experiment in depth a variety of integration techniques using a uniform tool interfacing architecture.
An Introduction to Simulation and Visualization of Biological Systems at Multiple Scales: A Summer Training Program for Interdisciplinary Research

Advances in biomedical research require a new generation of researchers having a strong background in both the life and physical sciences and a knowledge of computational, mathematical, and engineering tools for tackling biological problems. The NIH‐NSF Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Summer Institute at the University of Pittsburgh (BBSI @ Pitt;www.ccbb.pitt.edu/bbsi) is a multi‐institutional 10‐week summer program hosted by the University of Pittsburgh, Duquesne University, the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, and Carnegie Mellon University, and is one of nine Institutes throughout the nation currently participating in the NIH‐NSF program. Each BBSI focuses on a different area; the BBSI @ Pitt, entitled “Simulation and Computer Visualization of Biological Systems at Multiple Scales”, focuses on computational and mathematical approaches to understanding the complex machinery of molecular‐to‐cellular systems at three levels, namely, molecular, subcellular (microphysiological), and cellular. We present here an overview of the BBSI@Pitt, the objectives and focus of the program, and a description of the didactic training activities that distinguish it from other traditional summer research programs. Furthermore, we also report several challenges that have been identified in implementing such an interdisciplinary program that brings together students from diverse academic programs for a limited period of time. These challenges notwithstanding, presenting an integrative view of molecular‐to‐system analytical models has introduced these students to the field of computational biology and has allowed them to make an informed decision regarding their future career prospects.
ALDAI: active learning documents annotation interface

In the framework of the LegDoC project at XRCE, we present a document annotation interface with an integrated active learning component. The interface is designed for automating the annotation of layout-oriented documents with semantic labels. We describe core functionalities of the interface; we pay a particular attention to the learning component, including the feature management and different strategies of deploying the active learner in the document annotation.
An Empirical Bandwidth Analysis of Interrupt-Related Covert Channels

Interrupt-related covert channels IRCCs utilize hardware interrupts for enabling communication between processes. This article provides an empirical evaluation of IRCC vulnerabilities, based on an actual exploit. The evaluation combines experiments with an information-theoretic analysis for computing the channel bandwidth. The evaluation shows that a bandwidth of multiple bits per second is achievable in a desktop system via interrupts of a network interface card. This result clarifies the significance of this IRCC vulnerability for one particular system. The exploit presented is configurable, and the article provides a solution for computing an optimal exploit configuration for a given system. While side channels based on hardware interrupts have been discussed before, this is the first empirical evaluation of covert channels based on hardware interrupts.
A Modelling Framework for the Prices and Times of Trades Made on the New York Stock Exchange

In this chapter we propose using compound Poisson processes to model trade-by-trade financial data. Our main focus will be on developing specific types of Cox processes in order to accurately depict the trading process. We study the problem of signal extracting the intensity of the trading process. We finish by studying the implication for price changes over pre-specified intervals of times, such as 30 seconds, 20 minutes or a day and assessing the empirical plausibility of OU based models for the intensity of the trading process.