Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship between body image dissatisfaction and psychological health : an exploration of body image in young adult men.

This study examined the relationship between body dissatisfaction and psychological health. Several scholars have suggested that body image is an increasingly relevant issue for men. There is also increasing literature suggesting that factors such as muscularity, a central component of body image in men, may be related to psychological health. However, limitations in current measurement make it unclear how meaningful such findings are. Furthermore, few extant studies in the general body image literature have examined the role of positive psychological coping variables. Therefore, this study sought to examine the relationship between body dissatisfaction and psychological health. It was hypothesized that body dissatisfaction would be positively correlated with symptoms of psychological distress, and negatively correlated with indices of positive psychological adjustment. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that the indices of positive psychological adjustment (satisfaction with life, proactive coping, hardiness, and optimism) would moderate, or buffer, the relationship between body dissatisfaction and the indicators of psychological distress (depression, symptom reports, self esteem). It was also hypothesized that the Male Body Attitudes Scale, a new measure of body dissatisfaction in men, would demonstrate adequate reliability and validity.
Maternal Ethanol Consumption Alters the Epigenotype and the Phenotype of Offspring in a Mouse Model

Recent studies have shown that exposure to some nutritional supplements and chemicals in utero can affect the epigenome of the developing mouse embryo, resulting in adult disease. Our hypothesis is that epigenetics is also involved in the gestational programming of adult phenotype by alcohol. We have developed a model of gestational ethanol exposure in the mouse based on maternal ad libitum ingestion of 10% (v/v) ethanol between gestational days 0.5–8.5 and observed changes in the expression of an epigenetically-sensitive allele, Agouti viable yellow (Avy), in the offspring. We found that exposure to ethanol increases the probability of transcriptional silencing at this locus, resulting in more mice with an agouti-colored coat. As expected, transcriptional silencing correlated with hypermethylation at Avy. This demonstrates, for the first time, that ethanol can affect adult phenotype by altering the epigenotype of the early embryo. Interestingly, we also detected postnatal growth restriction and craniofacial dysmorphology reminiscent of fetal alcohol syndrome, in congenic a/a siblings of the Avy mice. These findings suggest that moderate ethanol exposure in utero is capable of inducing changes in the expression of genes other than Avy, a conclusion supported by our genome-wide analysis of gene expression in these mice. In addition, offspring of female mice given free access to 10% (v/v) ethanol for four days per week for ten weeks prior to conception also showed increased transcriptional silencing of the Avy allele. Our work raises the possibility of a role for epigenetics in the etiology of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, and it provides a mouse model that will be a useful resource in the continued efforts to understand the consequences of gestational alcohol exposure at the molecular level.
Insulin resistance in adolescents with type 2 diabetes is associated with impaired exercise capacity.

CONTEXT The incidence of pediatric type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rising, with unclear effects on the cardiovascular system. Cardiopulmonary fitness, a marker of morbidity and mortality, is abnormal in adults with T2D, yet the mechanisms are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that cardiopulmonary fitness would be reduced in youth with T2D in association with insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular dysfunction. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a cross-sectional study at an academic hospital that included 14 adolescents (age range, 12-19 yr) with T2D, 13 equally obese adolescents and 12 lean adolescents similar in age, pubertal stage, and activity level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cardiopulmonary fitness was measured by peak oxygen consumption (VO(2)peak) and oxygen uptake kinetics (VO(2)kinetics), IR by hyperinsulinemic clamp, cardiac function by echocardiography, vascular function by venous occlusion plethysmography, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, intramyocellular lipid by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and inflammation by serum markers. RESULTS Adolescents with T2D had significantly decreased VO(2)peak and insulin sensitivity, and increased soleus intramyocellular lipid, C-reactive protein, and IL-6 compared to obese or lean adolescents. Adolescents with T2D also had significantly prolonged VO(2)kinetics, decreased work rate, vascular reactivity, and adiponectin, and increased left ventricular mass and fatty acids compared to lean adolescents. In multivariate linear regression analysis, IR primarily, and fasting free fatty acids and forearm blood flow secondarily, were significant independent predictors of VO(2)peak. CONCLUSIONS Given the strong relationship between decreased cardiopulmonary fitness and increased mortality, these findings in children are especially concerning and represent early signs of impaired cardiac function.
A Tri-Role Topic Model for Domain-Specific Question Answering

Stack Overflow and MedHelp are examples of domain-specific community-based question answering (CQA) systems. Different from CQA systems for general topics (e.g., Yahoo! Answers, Baidu Knows), questions and answers in domain-specific CQA systems are mostly in the same topical domain, enabling more comprehensive interaction between users on fine-grained topics. In such systems, users are more likely to ask questions on unfamiliar topics and to answer questions matching their expertise. Users can also vote answers based on their judgements. In this paper, we propose a Tri-Role Topic Model (TRTM) to model the tri-roles of users (i.e., as askers, answerers, and voters, respectively) and the activities of each role including composing question, selecting question to answer, contributing and voting answers. The proposed model can be used to enhance CQA systems from many perspectives. As a case study, we conducted experiments on ranking answers for questions on Stack Overflow, a CQA system for professional and enthusiast programmers. Experimental results show that TRTM is effective in facilitating users getting ideal rankings of answers, particularly for new and less popular questions. Evaluated on nDCG, TRTM outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Metaphernanalysen und die Konstruktion von Geschlecht

Zusammenfassung: In jungerer Zeit mehren sich Studien zur metaphorischen Konstruktion von Geschlecht (KOLLER 2004a, 2004b, 2005; ANDERSON VASBY & HORN SHEELER 2005; EBELING & SCHMITZ 2006; BOCK VON WULFINGEN 2007 u.a.). Gleichzeitig fallt auf, dass die derzeit differenzierteste Theorie der Metapher, die kognitive Metapherntheorie nach LAKOFF und JOHNSON, dabei entweder kaum eine Rolle spielt oder durch die alleinige Rezeption des ersten Buchs von 1980 empfindlich verkurzt wird. Der vorliegende Aufsatz rezipiert die vorhandenen Studien, stellt zentrale Begriffe der kognitiven Metapherntheorie vor und versucht eine Revision derselben, welche dazu beitragen konnte, Metaphernanalysen der Konstruktion von Geschlecht theoretisch und forschungsmethodisch weiter zu entwickeln.
Activating transcription factor 6 polymorphisms and haplotypes are associated with impaired glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes in Dutch Caucasians.

CONTEXT Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) is critical for initiation and full activation of the unfolded protein response. An association between genetic variation in ATF6 and type 2 diabetes (DM2) was recently reported in Pima Indians. OBJECTIVES To investigate the broader significance of this association for DM2, replication studies in distinct ethic populations are required. We investigated ATF6 for its association with DM2 in Dutch Caucasians. DESIGN/SETTING A genetic association study was conducted at an academic research laboratory. STUDY PARTICIPANTS Two independent Dutch cohorts were studied. Cohort 1 (n = 154) was used to evaluate genetic variation in the ATF6 gene in relation to glucose homeostasis in the general population. Cohort 2 (n = 798) consisted of patients with DM2, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, and normoglycemic control subjects, and was used to investigate ATF6 polymorphisms for their contribution to disturbed glucose homeostasis and DM2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES There were 16 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in all subjects of both cohorts. Those single nucleotide polymorphisms included three nonsynonymous coding variants and captured all common allelic variation of ATF6. RESULTS Our data show that common ATF6 variants are associated with elevated glucose levels in the general population (cohort 1, P = 0.005-0.05). Furthermore, the majority of these variants, and haplotypes thereof, were significantly associated with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and DM2 (cohort 2, P = 0.006-0.05). Associated variants differ from those identified in Pima Indians. CONCLUSIONS Our results strengthen the evidence that one or more variants in ATF6 are associated with disturbed glucose homeostasis and DM2.
AutoAdmin: Self-Tuning Database SystemsTechnology

The AutoAdmin research project was launched in the Fall of 1996 in Microsoft Research with the goal of making database systems significantly more self-tuning. Initially, we focused on automating the physical design for relational databases. Our research effort led to successful incorporation of our tuning technology in Microsoft SQL Server and was subsequently also followed by similar functionality in other relational DBMS products. In 1998, we developed the concept of self-tuning histograms, which remains an active research topic. We also attempted to deepen our understanding of monitoring infrastructure in the relational DBMS context as this is one of the core foundations of the “monitor-diagnose-tune” paradigm needed for making relational DBMS selftuning. This article gives an overview of our progress in the above three areas – physical database design, self-tuning histograms and monitoring infrastructure.
Notice of RetractionAn improved particle swarm optimization algorithm for solving dynamic tugboat scheduling problem

The dynamic tugboat scheduling problem is a special kind of Job Scheduling Problem. Here we propose an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in which an entropy function and an elite set is used for better performance. When the entropy of the swarm keeps under some value in a certain period, some of the particles will be replaced randomly by those from the elite set. This may help the swarm to get rid of local optima, and to have a faster convergence. The proposed algorithm is successfully used in the tugboats scheduling problem, and demonstrated its advantages of faster convergence and better result than the standard PSO.
Comparison of selective electromyographic activity of the superficial lumbar multifidus between prone trunk extension and four-point kneeling arm and leg lift exercises

[Purpose] This study examined the selective electromyographic activity of the lumbar paraspinal muscles in healthy male and female subjects in the prone trunk extension (PTE) and four-point kneeling arm and leg lift (FPKAL) exercises to determine the most beneficial exercise for selective activation of the lumbar multifidus (LM). [Subjects and Methods] Twenty healthy male and female subjects participated in this study. Surface electromyographic data were collected from the left-side lumbar erector spinae (LES) and LM muscles during PTE and FPKAL exercises. [Results] The LM/LES ratio related to selective activation of the lumbar paraspinal muscles during the FPKAL exercise was higher than that during PTE. [Conclusion] FPKAL exercise is safe and effective for the selective activation of the LM muscle.
Effects of iron deficiency and of zinc deficiency on the composition of Mycobacterium smegmatis.

hydroxybutyrate and DPN+ and the amounts of DPNH formed were measured. Phosphate buffer was used at pH 7 and tris buffer at the fnore alkaline pH values. Controls containing all reagents except P-hydroxybutyrate or acetoacetate showed no significant changes in extinction. The results of 14 individual measurements showed good agreement (Table 1). The mean value for K was 1-42 + 0 19 (S.D.) X 10-9. From this value and the Eo for the DPN+-DPNH system of 0320 v at pH 7 0 and 250 (Burton, 1957), Eo for the ,Bhydroxybutyrate system is calculated to be 0266 v. This figure is much less negative than that calculated by Burton (1957) and slightly less negative than those arrived at (for 380) by Green et al. and Hoff-Jorgensen. For a full discussion of any error in Burton's figure for Eo of the DPN system see Clark (1960); the figure of -0-320 v may be a little too high. The above K value is very similar to that recently obtained at 32° by Doudoroff, Merrick & Contopoulou (1961), using a preparation of f-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubirum (1-3 x 10-9).
Automated order determination strategies for nonlinear dynamic models

A crucial part during the generation of nonlinear dynamic models is the determination of an appropriate model order. Five automated order determination strategies are compared. One model-based and four model-free approaches are investigated. We evaluated the performances of all methods with four artificial test processes and two noise levels. In an external dynamics approach, local model networks are trained with the determined (lagged) inputs and outputs that are found through the automated order determination strategies. An independent noise-free data set reveals the simulation quality of the estimated models. Most of the filter methods are unreliable since their performance varies strongly. Most robust is the wrapper method, which achieves good results in general. We show that in some cases even the model yielded through the incorporation of prior-knowledge is outperformed by some of the models resulting from the presented order determination methods.
An Attachment Model of Depression: Integrating Findings from the Mood Disorder Laboratory

This paper is written from a psychodynamic clinician's perspective, juxtaposing a psychoanalytic-attachment model of depression with recent developments in neuroscience. Three main components of the attachment approach are described: the role of loss, of childhood trauma predisposing to depression in later life, and failure of co-regulation of role of primitive emotions, such as fear, despair, and helplessness. Blatt's distinction between anaclitic and introjective depression is delineated and related to hyper- and de-activation of the attachment dynamic. Recent advances in evolutionary, sociological, epigenetic, biochemical, and neuro-imaging studies of depression are reviewed. A dynamic model of depression is proposed, linking interpersonal and intra-psychic perspectives with neuro-anatomical models. The final section of the paper considers the specific role of psychodynamic approaches to the treatment of refractory depression. These include length of treatment, capacity to rework implicit memories, and focus on transference and counter-transference.
Aminopeptidase N is directly sorted to the apical domain in MDCK cells

In different epithelial cell types, integral membrane proteins appear to follow different sorting pathways to the apical surface. In hepatocytes, several apical proteins were shown to be transported there indirectly via the basolateral membrane, whereas in MDCK cells a direct sorting pathway from the trans-Golgi-network to the apical membrane has been demonstrated. However, different proteins had been studied in these cells. To compare the sorting of a single protein in both systems, we have expressed aminopeptidase N, which already had been shown to be sorted indirectly in hepatocytes, in transfected MDCK cells. As expected, it was predominantly localized to the apical domain of the plasma membrane. By monitoring the appearance of newly synthesized aminopeptidase N at the apical and basolateral surface, it was found to be directly sorted to the apical domain in MDCK cells, indicating that the sorting pathways are indeed cell type-specific.
GLT‐1 down‐regulation induced by clozapine in rat frontal cortex is associated with synaptophysin up‐regulation

In rat frontal cortex, extracellular levels of glutamate are raised by the anti‐psychotic drug clozapine. We have recently shown that a significant reduction in the levels of the glutamate transporter GLT‐1 may be one of the mechanisms responsible for this elevation. Here we studied whether GLT‐1 down‐regulation induced by chronic clozapine treatment is associated with changes in the expression of synaptophysin, synaptosome‐associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP‐25) and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), three major presynaptic proteins involved in neurotransmitter release. Quantitative high‐resolution confocal microscopy studies in vivo showed that GLT‐1 down‐regulation is closely associated with a significant increase in synaptophysin, but not SNAP‐25 and VGLUT1, expression. This was confirmed in vitro studies, and in western blotting studies of synaptophysin, SNAP‐25 and VGLUT1. In addition, our results show that, following clozapine treatment, synaptophysin expression increases in the very cortical regions in which GLT‐1 expression is down‐regulated. These findings suggest that part of the effects of clozapine may be exerted via an action on the presynaptic machinery involved in neurotransmitter release.
Assessing Counselor Education Students' Attitudes toward Computers and Multimedia Instruction

Forty-four beginning-level graduate counselor education students completed 2 technology attitudinal surveys after being exposed to a 15-week multimedia instructional approach. Results revealed a positive attitude toward computers and multimedia instruction. These findings lend empirical support for the use of multimedia instruction in training counselors and as a tool to supplement and complement traditional methods of teaching.
A usability scale for handheld augmented reality

Handheld augmented reality (HAR) applications must be carefully designed and improved based on user feedback to sustain commercial use. However, no standard questionnaire considers perceptual and ergonomic issues found in HAR. We address this issue by creating a HAR Usability Scale (HARUS). To create HARUS, we performed a systematic literature review to enumerate user-reported issues in HAR applications. Based on these issues, we created a questionnaire measuring manipulability -- the ease of handling the HAR system, and comprehensibility -- the ease of understanding the information presented by HAR. We then provide evidences of validity and reliability of the HARUS questionnaire by applying it to three experiments. The results show that HARUS consistently correlates with other subjective and objective measures of usability, thereby supporting its concurrent validity. Moreover, HARUS obtained a good Cronbach's alpha in all three experiments, thereby demonstrating internally consistency. HARUS, as well as its decomposition into individual manipulability and comprehensibility scores, are evaluation tools that researchers and professionals can use to analyze their HAR applications. By providing such a tool, they can gain quality feedback from users to improve their HAR applications towards commercial success.
Understanding and Addressing Contemporary Racism: From Aversive Racism to the Common Ingroup Identity Model

This article describes our collaborative research on aversive racism and a strategy we developed to combat it, the Common Ingroup Identity Model. In addition, we reveal some details about our personal and professional relationship in pursuit of our scientific agenda. We begin by discussing evidence for the existence of aversive racism, a subtle, unintentional form bias that can have pernicious effects. Then we review research concerning how a common ingroup identity can combat aversive racism by redirecting the forces of social categorization and social identity, such that "Us" and "Them" are regarded as "We. " We conclude with a brief discussion of where we may look next for clues toward helping to achieve a farrier, more just society.
Comparison of 3- and 20-Gradient Direction Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in a Clinical Subacute Cohort of Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack: Application of Standard Vendor Protocols for Lesion Detection and Final Infarct Size Projection

Objective Diffusion tensor imaging may aid brain ischemia assessment but is more time consuming than conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). We compared 3-gradient direction DWI (3DWI) and 20-gradient direction DWI (20DWI) standard vendor protocols in a hospital-based prospective cohort of patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) for lesion detection, lesion brightness, predictability of persisting infarction, and final infarct size. Methods We performed 3T-magnetic resonance imaging including diffusion and T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) within 72 h and 8 weeks after ictus. Qualitative lesion brightness was assessed by visual inspection. We measured lesion area and brightness with manual regions of interest and compared with homologous normal tissue. Results 117 patients with clinical TIA showed 78 DWI lesions. 2 lesions showed only on 3DWI. No lesions were uniquely 20DWI positive. 3DWI was visually brightest for 34 lesions. 12 lesions were brightest on 20DWI. The median 3DWI lesion area was larger for lesions equally bright, or brightest on 20DWI [median (IQR) 39 (18–95) versus 18 (10–34) mm2, P = 0.007]. 3DWI showed highest measured relative lesion signal intensity [median (IQR) 0.77 (0.48–1.17) versus 0.58 (0.34–0.81), P = 0.0006]. 3DWI relative lesion signal intensity was not correlated to absolute signal intensity, but 20DWI performed less well for low-contrast lesions. 3DWI lesion size was an independent predictor of persistent infarction. 3-gradient direction apparent diffusion coefficient areas were closest to 8-week FLAIR infarct size. Conclusion 3DWI detected more lesions and had higher relative lesion SI than 20DWI. 20DWI appeared blurred and did not add information. Clinical Trial Registration http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique Identifier NCT01531946.
Revisiting Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections

Within less than 50 years, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) made a tremendous impact worldwide. It is not limited to medical facilities and healthcare institutions anymore. Indeed since two decades, cases of MRSA infections arising from the community among apparently healthy individuals are increasing. In this paper, I will present a case of community-associated MRSA sepsis followed by a comprehensive review about the history, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities, therapeutic options, contributing factors, growing cost and other pertinent elements of this newly evolving epidemic of MRSA infections.