Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing data placement for reducing shift operations on Domain Wall Memories

Domain Wall Memory (DWM) using nanowire with data access port, exhibits extraordinary high density, low power leakage, and low access latency. These properties enable DWM to become an attractive candidate for replacing traditional memories. However, data accesses on DWM may require multiple shift operations before the port points to requested data, resulting in varying access latencies. Data placement, therefore, has a significant impact on the performance of data accesses on DWM. This paper studies compiler-based optimization techniques for data placement on DWM. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first work addressing data placement problem on DWM. We present an efficient heuristic, called Grouping-Based Data Placement (GBDP), for the data placement problem of a given data access sequence on DWM. The experimental results show that GBDP has a significant performance improvement; for example, GBDP reduces 82% shift operations on an 8-port DWM compared with non-optimized approach.
FIELD EXTENSION AND DESIGNING A NEW 2 × 2 FULL-DIVERSITY, FULL-RATE AND INFORMATION LOSSLESS SPACE-TIME BLOCK CODE ∗

Based on field extensions we propose a novel aspect for designing linear dis- persion space-time block codes (STBCs). The proposed code achieves the maximum attainable diversity. This code is also full-rate and proved to be information lossless. The simulation resultsalso show that the proposedscheme outperformsthe Golden code when BPSK constellation is utilized.
Spontaneous Excitability in the Morris-Lecar Model with Ion Channel Noise

Noise induced excitability is studied in type I and II Morris-Lecar neurons subject to constant sub threshold input, where fluctuations arise from sodium and potassium ion channels. Ion channels open and close randomly, creating current fluctuations that can induce spontaneous firing of action potentials. Both noise sources are assumed to be weak so that spontaneous action potentials occur on a longer timescale than ion channel fluctuations. Asymptotic approximations of the stationary density function and most probable paths are developed to understand the role of channel noise in spontaneous excitability. Even though the deterministic dynamical behavior of type I and II action potentials differ, results show that a single mechanism explains how ion channel noise generates spontaneous action potentials.
Asymptotic of the terms of the Gegenbauer polynomial on the unit circle and applications to the inverse of Toeplitz matrices

The first part of this paper is devoted to the study of the orthogonal polynomial on the circle, with respect of a weight of type $f_\alpha (\theta) = (2\cos \theta- 2\cos \theta_0)^{2\alpha} c_1$ with $\theta_0 \in ]0,\pi[$, -1/2 <\alpha<1/2 and c_1 a sufficiently smooth function. In a second part of the paper we obtain an asymptotic of the entries $(T_N f_\alpha)^{-1}_{k+1,l+1}$ for sufficiently large values of $k,l$, that provides a lower bound on the eigenvalues of this matrix.
The effect of chromatin condensation (aniline blue staining) and morphology (strict criteria) of human spermatozoa on fertilization, cleavage and pregnancy rates in an intracytoplasmic sperm injection programme.

The main purpose of this study was to determine the possible relationship between chromatin condensation (Aniline Blue staining), the morphology of spermatozoa according to strict criteria, and the fertilization, cleavage and pregnancy rate in an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) programme. A total of 60 patients were divided into two groups (27 versus 34) according to sperm stainability by Aniline Blue. The first group involved patients having a positive Aniline Blue staining test with 0-29% stained. The fertilization rate in this group was 60.8%, cleavage rate 54.4% and pregnancy rate 18.5%. In the second group in which > 29% spermatozoa were positively stained, the fertilization rate was 62.1%, cleavage rate 62.0% and pregnancy rate 35.3%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, the influence of morphology according to strict criteria after Papanicolaou staining on successful fertilization, cleavage and pregnancy was studied in 85 patients who were divided into two groups according to the percentage of morphologically normal sperm. The fertilization, cleavage and pregnancy rates were 44.21, 63.37, and 39.47% respectively in the first group (< 4%), the corresponding values for the second group (> 4%) were 56.50, 46.04 and 21.21%. There was no significant correlation between the fertilization (P = 0.722), cleavage (P = 0.519) and pregnancy (P = 0.096) rates in either group. This study demonstrates that neither chromatin condensation (Aniline Blue staining) nor morphology could assess the fertilization potential, cleavage and pregnancy rate in an ICSI programme.
Does bank affiliation mitigate liquidity constraints? Evidence from Germany's Universal banks in the pre-World War I period

This paper compares two similar samples of mining and steel corporations in pre–World War I Germany: one sample consists of corporations that were affiliated to one or more of the German “Universal Banks”, and the second sample consists of companies that had to rely on other sources of finance. Statistical analysis conducted in the framework of a linear fixed effects model indicates that the non-affiliated companies were liquidity constrained. The paper also sets out the corporate control structure as laid down in the trade law reform of 1884 and traces the origins of the current German dual board system, as well as the origins of several other aspects of the institutions that tied the German banking system to industrial concerns. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
What do New-Keynesian Phillips Curves imply for price-level targeting?

This paper extends the analysis of price-level targeting to a model including the New-Keynesian Phillips Curve. We examine the inflation-output variability tradeoffs implied by optimal inflation and price-level rules. In previous work with the Neoclassical Phillips Curve, we found that the choice between inflation targeting and price-level targeting depended on the amount of persistence in the output gap. That is, if the output gap was not too persistent, or if lagged output did not enter the aggregate supply function, then inflation targets were preferred to price-level targets. When we start with a New-Keynesian Phillips Curve, the amount of persistence in the output gap still affects the relative placement of the inflation-output variability tradeoff. But, contrary to the Neoclassical case, even where the persistence of the output gap in the aggregate supply function is small or nonexistent, the price-level- targeting regime still results in a more favorable tradeoff between output and inflation variability than does an inflation-targeting regime.
On the Accuracy of Finite-Volume Schemes for Fluctuating Hydrodynamics

Aleksandar Donev,1, 2, ∗ Eric Vanden-Eijnden,3 Alejandro L. Garcia,4 and John B. Bell2 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551-9900 Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720 Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012 Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, 95192
Moderated collaboration to modify shared ﬁles among wireless users

The goal of this research is to develop practical collaboration mechanisms that allows any group members to modify shared ﬁles. Our system is designed to support far more conﬂicting updates than was assumed by systems such as Coda [3] and Ficus [2]. Resource rich laptops were observed to become the primary computing platform of contemporary users. Hence, we design our system for wireless users. The ubiquity of high speed wireless networks allow these users to operate from a variety of locations: home, work and from a third place . In each of these locations, users encounter different kinds of local participants while still communicating with their global partners who also use wireless networks. Our empirical analysis of the wireless availability behavior of a large number of wireless users in a variety of communities: academia, corporate lab, conference attendees and in a city-wide hotspot showed a trend towards smaller user session lengths as well as longer durations between sessions with observable node churn. An investigation of the signiﬁcance of these observations show that the user availability patterns has an detrimental impact on the behavior of prior group collaboration systems. As compared to desktop users, wireless users appear to stay online for just enough time to complete their own tasks without fruitfully participating in providing better sharing for other group members. We observed that a mandatory locking scheme rejects many updates because of simultaneous requests. Similarly, AFS like last writer wins semantics causes a large number of inconsistent updates with an observable loss of update causality. Also, asynchronous propagation systems such as Bayou [1] experience a large number of update conﬂicts and transaction roll-backs. More importantly, the worst performance in all these systems was observed during the peak availability durations; these systems fail when all the group members were available. We showed the inadequacy of prior systems that maintain a single consistent copy of the shared documents. Instead, we develop
EKF based object detect and tracking for UAV by using visual-attention-model

Visual-attention-model (VAM) is a kind of model with good robustness of bionic vision. For ground object sensed on UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) platform, in this paper object detection and tracking algorithm based on VAM and extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed, and applied to the ground surroundings for object detection and tracking. In order to quickly extract the ground objects in aerial images, visual saliency map was calculated. Based on the robust detection of ground objects and EKF optima estimation, the proposed algorithm based on VAM and EKF could robustly detect and track object for UAV. Experimental results show that the algorithm in this paper is capable to be adapting to complex ground surroundings for object detection and tracking, the designed visual saliency map is not only de-noise images effectively but also can help reserve original information as possible. In addition, calculation of the proposed algorithm is pretty simple, and so suitable for engineering application.
Optimal sizing of distributed generation in micro-grid considering Energy Price Equilibrium point analysis model

As the problem of global warming is being more and more serious, the low-carbon power technologies have aroused wide concerned. Because the Micro-grid technology is one of the main technologies to realize mass application of distributed generation, it's very important to put the low-carbon factor into the generation planning of micro-grid. This paper use the analysis method of levelized cost of electricity(LCOE) to compare the variation trends of power supplies which use different energy sources to generate in the future, and to build the Energy Price Equilibrium point analysis model (EPE) of high-carbon energy and low-carbon energy. Based on the research above, while consider the energy prices trend, the randomness and waviness of wind and solar energy, build the full-life cycle and dynamic model of optimal sizing in an Integrated Power Generation System. In three situations which include law-carbon scene, equilibrium and high-carbon scene, use the modified particle swarm Method to solve the optimization. According to simulation, the optimal sizes of power generation are different when planning period start from different initial year. The results show that the balance scene is most suitable for the clean energy consumption, which lead an equilibrium point of energy consumption and carbon consumption. The reasonable policy guidance can promote transformation from high carbon scenario to a low-carbon scenario, which makes the power grid planning programs to meet the needs of sustainable development more effective.
Term Weighting Schemes Experiment Based on SVD for Malay Text Retrieval

Summary The goal in information retrieval is to locate relevant documents in response to a user's query at the same time retrieving as few as possible of the irrelevant documents. One possible approach to this problem is to use the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) which models documents and queries as vectors in reduced space. The components of the vector are determined by the term weighting scheme, a function of the frequencies of the terms in the document or query. In this paper, we discuss term weighting schemes and the results from experiment on Malay text retrieval using a set of Malay document collection.
Sustainable entrepreneurship: regional innovation cultures in the ecological food sector

How do regional innovation cultures in the eco-food sector develop? And how can they be supported and empowered within a national strategy for sustainable agriculture? Based on three case studies, this paper explores key characteristics and dynamics of ongoing regional innovation cultures within the ecological food sector in Norway. The common denominator of each case is a strong community of innovative practitioners that shape their activities around intentional interaction, dialogue and inquiry with a long term commitment. They sustain and develop common tasks by uniting individual commitment to shared questions. Thereby, the intensity and ecology of the shared questions build the carrying capacity and structure of the innovation culture. Each case is unique by being rooted in personal incentives and shared ownership to tasks. Structurally their uniqueness demonstrates three modes of activity and roots of identity, related to the three concepts of institutional entrepreneurship, market entrepreneurship and cultural entrepreneurship. Four implications are finally drawn for regional innovation strategies within the eco-food sector: (1) build strategies on the activity of pioneering local/regional cultures of practice; (2) analyse their entrepreneurial uniqueness and social ecology; (3) facilitate a broader entwining of institutional, market and cultural entrepreneurship; and (4) develop competency and cultures of inquiry linked to entwined entrepreneurship. A corresponding research strategy should acknowledge, build on and strengthen the culture of inquiry embedded in the regional communities of practice.
Optimal interconnection circuits for VLSI

The propagation delay of interconnection lines is a major factor in determining the performance Of VLSI circuits because the RC time delay of these lines increases rapidly as chip size is increased and cross-sectional interconnection dimensions are reduced. In this paper, a model for interconnection time delay is developed that includes the effects of scaling transistor, interconnection, and chip dimensions. The delays of aluminum, WSi2, and polysilicon lines are compared, and propagation delays in future VLSI circuits are projected. Properly scaled multilevel conductors, repeaters, cascaded drivers, and cascaded driver/ repeater combinations are investigated as potential methods for reducing propagation delay. The model yields optimal cross-sectional interconnection dimensions and driver/repeater configurations that can lower propagation delays by more than an order of magnitude in MOSFET circuits.
A c to register transfer level algorithm using structured circuit templates: a case study with simulated annealing

A tool flow is presented for deriving simulated annealing accelerator circuits on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) from C source code by exploring architecture solutions that conform to a preset template through scheduling and mapping algorithms. A case study carried out on simulated annealing-based Autonomous Mission Planning and Scheduling (AMPS) software used for autonomous spacecraft systems is explained. The goal of the research is an automated method for the derivation of a hardware design that maximizes performance while minimizing the FPGA footprint. Results obtained are compared with a peer C to register transfer level (RTL) logic tool, a state-of-the-art space-borne embedded processor and a commodity desktop processor for a variety of problems. The automatically derived hardware circuits consistently outperform other methods by one or more orders of magnitude.
The Uncertain Fair Wage-Effort Hypothesis and Wage Secrecy

In this paper, we introduce uncertainty into Akerlof and Yellen (1990)'s fair wage effort hypothesis. In this uncertain fair wage hypothesis, employers do not have perfect information concerning an employee's perception of a fair wage, but assume the perceived fair wage is distributed as a random variable with a known distribution. Our wage model, built on this hypothesis, is applied to analyze the widely adopted policy of wage secrecy, suggesting a wage secrecy policy is more likely to produce higher satisfaction for employees and higher profit for employers.
A pr 1 99 6 Chaotic scattering around black holes

It is shown that the scattering of a charged test particle by a system of four extreme Reissner-Nordtröm black holes is chaotic in some cases. This is the third manifestation of chaos in the motion of test particles in general relativistic backgrounds: chaotic bounded orbits and fractal basin boundaries were previously known. 04.25. -g,04.40. Nr,04.70. Bw,95.10. Fh Typeset using REVTEX 1
A proactive direction based routing for directional ad hoc networks

Ad hoc network with directional antennas has become an active research topic because of the potential capacity increase through spatial reuse. Properly designed MAC and routing protocol is the key to the feature of spatial reuse. Many MAC protocols for directional ad hoc networks are based on IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordinated Function (DCF). Simply applying directional transmit of RTS/CTS/ACK packet can cause serious 'deaf- ness' problem. In this paper, an alternate solution of MAC protocol is given to mitigate the 'deafness' problem. Popular ad hoc routing protocols are all based on next-hop, i.e, for some destination node, one unique neighbor node is chosen to relay the data packet. This paper proposes a routing protocol based on sending direction , i.e., for a given destination node, only the sending direction is known and one neighbor node in this direction is chosen to forward the data packet. Details of next-direction discovery and maintenance process is described and simulation is conducted to test the routing protocols' effectiveness and efficiency.
Explaining Product Price Differences Across Countries

A substantial part of international differences in prices of individual products, both goods and services, can be explained by differences in per capita income, wage compression, or low wage dispersion among low-wage workers, and short-term exchange rate fluctuations. Higher per capita income is associated with higher prices and higher wage dispersion with lower prices. The effects of higher income and wage dispersion are moderated for the more tradable products. The effects of wage dispersion, on the other hand, are magnified for the more labor-intensive products, particularly low-skill services. The differences in prices across countries are reflected in differences in the composition of consumption. Countries in which prices of labor-intensive services are very high, such as the Nordic countries, consume much less of them. For some services, the shares of GDP consumed in high-price countries are less than 20 percent of the shares in low-price countries. Since these are services of very low tradability, the low consumption levels of these services imply low employment in them.
The Arabidopsis EIN3 Binding F-Box Proteins EBF1 and EBF2 Have Distinct but Overlapping Roles in Ethylene Signaling[W]

Ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana converges on the ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3)/EIN3-Like (EIL) transcription factors to induce various responses. EIN3 BINDING F-BOX1 (EBF1) and EBF2 were recently shown to function in ethylene perception by regulating EIN3/EIL turnover. In the absence of ethylene, EIN3 and possibly other EIL proteins are targeted for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by Cullin 1–based E3 complexes containing EBF1 and 2. Ethylene appears to block this ubiquitination, allowing EIN3/EIL levels to rise and mediate ethylene signaling. Through analysis of mutant combinations affecting accumulation of EBF1, EBF2, EIN3, and EIL1, we show that EIN3 and EIL1 are the main targets of EBF1/2. Kinetic analyses of hypocotyl growth inhibition in response to ethylene and growth recovery after removal of the hormone revealed that EBF1 and 2 have temporally distinct but overlapping roles in modulating ethylene perception. Whereas EBF1 plays the main role in air and during the initial phase of signaling, EBF2 plays a more prominent role during the latter stages of the response and the resumption of growth following ethylene removal. Through their coordinated control of EIN3/EIL1 levels, EBF1 and EBF2 fine-tune ethylene responses by repressing signaling in the absence of the hormone, dampening signaling at high hormone concentrations, and promoting a more rapid recovery after ethylene levels dissipate.
tDCS over the Left Prefrontal Cortex Enhances Cognitive Control for Positive Affective Stimuli

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation technique with promising results for enhancing cognitive information processes. So far, however, research has mainly focused on the effects of tDCS on cognitive control operations for non-emotional material. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effects on cognitive control considering negative versus positive material. For this sham-controlled, within-subjects study, we selected a homogeneous sample of twenty-five healthy participants. By using behavioral measures and event related potentials (ERP) as indexes, we aimed to investigate whether a single session of anodal tDCS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) would have specific effects in enhancing cognitive control for positive and negative valenced stimuli. After tDCS over the left DLPFC (and not sham control stimulation), we observed more negative N450 amplitudes along with faster reaction times when inhibiting a habitual response to happy compared to sad facial expressions. Gender did not influence the effects of tDCS on cognitive control for emotional information. In line with the Valence Theory of side-lateralized activity, this stimulation protocol might have led to a left dominant (relative to right) prefrontal cortical activity, resulting in augmented cognitive control specifically for positive relative to negative stimuli. To verify that tDCS induces effects that are in line with all aspects of the well known Valence Theory, future research should investigate the effects of tDCS over the left vs. right DLPFC on cognitive control for emotional information.
Ambient Assisted Living for an Ageing Society: a Technological Overview

The rise in the average age and the decrease in the rate of births, cause the phenomenon called population ageing, which rises a number of issues. The oncoming shortage of caregivers and the strong desire of the older adults to live in their own homes originated an increasing interest in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL). AAL encompasses technical systems to support people in their daily routines. The paper focuses on the technological aspects of AAL systems describing the capabilities they require and how they are being addressed.