Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entropy based image watermarking using discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition

Improving the imperceptibility and robustness of the watermarked image is the key objective or requirement of an image watermarking technique. To achieve this objective, entropy based image watermarking technique is proposed in this paper. In this proposed approach, the watermark image is embedded into selected blocks of cover image rather than in the full image. These blocks are selected on the basis of entropy content. Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is calculated to measure the imperceptibility of the proposed scheme. Moreover, the simulation results also depict that the proposed entropy based approach is capable of withstanding a wide range of image processing or signal processing attacks.
An extended Swedish national adoption study of alcohol use disorder.

IMPORTANCE Alcohol use disorder (AUD) runs strongly in families. It is unclear to what extent the cross-generational transmission of AUD results from genetic vs environmental factors. OBJECTIVE To determine to what extent genetic and environmental factors contribute to the risk for AUD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Follow-up in 8 public data registers of adoptees, their biological and adoptive relatives, and offspring and parents from stepfamilies and not-lived-with families in Sweden. In this cohort study, subtypes of AUD were assessed by latent class analysis. A total of 18,115 adoptees (born 1950-1993) and 171,989 and 107,696 offspring of not-lived-with parents and stepparents, respectively (born 1960-1993). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Alcohol use disorder recorded in medical, legal, or pharmacy registry records. RESULTS Alcohol use disorder in adoptees was significantly predicted by AUD in biological parents (odds ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.29-1.66) and siblings (odds ratio, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.55-2.44) as well as adoptive parents (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.09-1.80). Genetic and environmental risk indices created from biological and adoptive relatives acted additively on adoptee AUD liability. Results from biological and adoptive relatives were replicated and extended from examinations of, respectively, not-lived-with parents and stepparents. Multivariate models in these families showed that AUD in offspring was significantly predicted by AUD, drug abuse, psychiatric illness, and crime in not-lived-with parents and by AUD, drug abuse, crime, and premature death in stepparents. Latent class analyses of adoptees and offspring of not-lived-with parents with AUDs revealed 3 AUD classes characterized by (1) female preponderance and high rates of psychiatric illness, (2) mild nonrecurrent symptoms, and (3) early-onset recurrence, drug abuse, and crime. These classes had distinct genetic signatures in the patterns of risk for various disorders in their not-lived-with parents and striking differences in the rates of recorded mood disorders. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Parent-offspring transmission of AUD results from both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic risk for AUD reflects both a specific liability to AUD and to other externalizing disorders. Environmental risk reflects features of both parental psychopathology and other aspects of the rearing environment. Alcohol use disorder is a heterogeneous syndrome and meaningful subtypes emerged from latent class analysis, which were validated by patterns of disorders in biological parents and specific psychiatric comorbidities. The general population contains informative family constellations that can complement more traditional adoption designs in clarifying the sources of parent-offspring resemblance.
Connectivity Condition for Structural Properties Using a Graph Theoretical Approach: Probabilistic Reliability Assessment

In a structured system graphically represented, the satisfaction of structural properties depends on graphical conditions. Among these conditions, we choose to study one of the most commonly used conditions, the so-called connectivity condition. The validity of this condition depends on the validity of some edges in the system graphical representation. The corresponding edges reflect the operating state of the physical system components. To study the validity of the connectivity condition, this paper describes a methodology which provides a Boolean expression of the connectivity condition based on the components operating state. As an application of the proposed Boolean expression, we can define the reliability characteristics of the connectivity condition and for how much time it remains satisfied knowing the reliability characteristics of the system components.
Examining the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) Among Early and Late Adolescents and Their Mothers

We examined whether the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1980), consisting of Perspective Taking (PT), Empathic Concern (EC), Personal Distress (PD), and Fantasy (FN), is a psychometrically invariant empathy measure for early and late adolescents and their mothers. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated adequate properties and psychometric invariance across 2 Dutch samples (269 early adolescents, 232 late adolescents). Females scored higher than males on each subscale. Early adolescents scored lower than late adolescents on PT and FN, and higher on PD. The different groups showed similar subscale associations with psychosocial health indexes, and similar subscale contributions to a higher order empathy dimension. Most dimensions showed positive correlations between adolescents and mothers. The IRI appears adequate for examining empathy across the span of adolescence, as well as patterns between youths and mothers.
Exploring Fusion Methods and Feature Space for the Classification of Paralinguistic Information

This paper introduces the different systems developed by Aholab Signal Processing Laboratory for The INTERSPEECH 2017 Computational Paralinguistics Challenge, which includes three different subtasks: Addressee, Cold and Snoring classification. Several classification strategies and features related with the spectrum, prosody and phase have been tested separately and further combined by using different fusion techniques, such as early fusion by means of multi-feature vectors, late fusion of the standalone classifier scores and label fusion via weighted voting. The obtained results show that the applied fusion methods improve the performance of the standalone detectors and provide systems capable of outperforming the baseline systems in terms of UAR.
Automatic Assessment of Student Answers for Geometric Construction Questions

In this paper, we present a system that evaluates answers given by students for geometric construction questions and awards full/partial marks according to a marking rubric. We focus on geometric construction questions found in high school mathematics, where students only use a straightedge and compass. The assessment system is automatic, and requires teacher involvement only at question set up time.
XBP1 May Determine the Size of the Ameloblast Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ameloblasts progress through defined stages of development as enamel forms on teeth. Pre-secretory ameloblasts give rise to tall columnar secretory ameloblasts that direct the enamel to achieve its full thickness. During the maturation stage, the ameloblasts shorten and direct the enamel to achieve its final hardened form. Here we ask how the volume of selected ameloblast organelles changes (percent volume per ameloblast) as ameloblasts progress through six defined developmental stages. We demonstrate that mitochondria volume peaks during late maturation, indicating that maturation-stage ameloblasts maintain a high level of metabolic activity. Also, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) volume changes significantly as a function of developmental stage. This prompted us to ask if X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP1) plays a role in regulating ameloblast ER volume, as has been previously demonstrated for secretory acinar cells and for plasma cell differentiation. We demonstrate that Xbp1 expression correlates positively with percent volume of ameloblast ER.
Simulated Annealing of Two Electron Density Solution Systems

Resolving the structure of a macromolecule such as a protein or synthetic polymer is important to predict its properties, especially in the case of proteins whose structure determines their function in a living cell. With crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, the protein structure may be solved at a high atomic resolution. However, these high resolution methods apply only in rather specific conditions, for low molecular weight proteins in NMR and when a crystal may be formed in crystallography. In order to obtain structural information for systems that do not satisfy the requirements above, one has to resort to methods such as X-ray and neutron small angle scattering (SAS), in which macromolecules in solution can yield only low-resolution information (from 1–100 nm), but are applicable to a broader range of conditions and particle sizes (Feigin and Svergun (1987)). In this chapter we shall concentrate on small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and elaborate on the theory and possible applications for proteins and conjugated polymers. In order to obtain low resolution models of such complex systems, several assumptions must be made. For instance, the system needs to be monodisperse, diluted and with particles possessing an electron density that is considerably different from the density of the medium. Of particular relevance will be the use of global optimization techniques, such as simulated annealing, for proteins. The aim is to find the structure of a monodisperse diluted system of protein solution from one-dimensional SAXS data (Glatter and Kratky (1982)). The Chapter is organized as follows: In Section 2 the main principles of X-ray scattering are introduced, including scattering of X-ray by free electrons and a pair of electrons, in addition to scattering of X-ray by atoms and a group of n atoms. Section 3 deals with analysis of SAXS curves, whereas the method of simulated annealing is discussed in Section 4. In Section 5 the results of simulated annealing in two electron densities systems are discussed. Concluding remarks close the chapter in Section 6.
Total Graphs Associated to a Commutative Ring

LetR be a commutative ring with nonzero unity. Let Z(R) be the set of all zerodivisors ofR. The total graph of R, denoted byT (Γ(R)), is the simple graph with vertex set R and two distinct verticesx andy are adjacent if their sumx + y ∈ Z(R). Several authors presented various generalizations for T (Γ(R)). This article surveys research conducted on T (Γ(R)) and its generalizations. A historical review of literature is given. Further p roperties ofT (Γ(R)) are also studied. Many open problems are presented for further rese arch.
Moving Object Detection and Tracking in Open-Air Test Bed

In mobile and ubiquitous computing environments, acquisition of contextual information about a user situation is necessary to provide useful services. Although the definition of user context may change according to the situation or the service used, contextual information about who, where, and when are considered to be essential. We have built a test bed with multiple sensors: floor pressure sensors, RFID (radio frequency identification) tag systems, and cameras, to carry out experiments to detect the positions of users and track their movement. The conventional background subtraction method by using cameras was used for moving object detection and tracking. In this paper, we propose knowledge application and parameter adaptation in the background subtraction method. The results are presented to show that the proposed method decreases the detection errors.
The neuropsychology of fear and anxiety: A foundation for Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory.

Personality factors, as normally studied, are sources of variation that are stable over time and that derive from underlying properties of an individual more than current changes in their environment. They account for behavioural differences between individuals presented with identical environments that show consistent patterns within that individual across time. As such, an ultimate goal of personality research must be to identify the relatively static biological variables that determine the superficial factor structure evident in behaviour and other measures. This is not to deny the importance of the environment in controlling personality. But, to produce consistent long-term effects, environmental influences must be mediated by, and instantiated in, biological systems. Biology can also be viewed as more fundamental in that environmental events (such as an impact to the front of the head) have permanent effects on personality not in relation to the external parameters of the event (such as the force of impact) but rather in relation to the precise extent of change the event induces in the brain. Those interested in individual variation in the tendency to neurotic disorders have been particularly inclined to theorize in terms of either the real or the conceptual nervous system. Pavlov saw variation in the response of his dogs to both traumatic and everyday events as arising from the ‘Strength of the Nervous System’ – a purely theoretical construct, albeit with a consistent behavioural structure (Gray 1964, 1967).
Magnetic Stimulation of Motor Cortex and Motor Roots for Painless Evaluation of Central and Proximal Peripheral Motor Pathways Normal Values and Clinical Application in Disorders of the Lumbar Spine

Magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex, motor roots, and proximal nerve trunks was performed in 46 healthy adults and in 73 consecutive patients with disorders of the lumbar spine. In combination with neurography and F-wave recordings, the fractionated stimulation of the motor pathways allowed calculation of conduction times of the pyramidal tract fibers, of the motor roots (ie, caudal fibers), and of the motor fibers of the lumbosacral plexus. Normal values for motor conduction times to the quadriceps, anterior tibial, and extensor digitorum brevis muscles were established. Patients had clinical and radiologic diagnoses of spinal stenosis (n = 43) and nerve root compression syndromes (n = 30). Motor conduction times to lower limb muscles were significantly delayed (above mean normal value ± 2 × SD) in 65% of the patients with spinal stenosis and 50% of the patients with nerve root compression syndromes. Conduction slowing could be localized within the motor root and caudal fiber segment of the motor pathways in 80% of the patients in whom F-waves could be recorded. This method can be used to verify, quantify, and locate lesions of the motor pathways in conditions such as compression of the spinal cord, the caudal fibers (spinal stenosis), or the motor root passing through the intervertebral canal.
Angiopoietin-Like 4 (ANGPTL4) Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations

Background: Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM) are high-flow vascular lesions prone to intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Abnormal angiogenesis is a key characteristic of BAVM tissue. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), a secreted glycoprotein, is thought to be involved in angiogenesis and required for proper postnatal blood vessel partitioning. We investigated whether common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ANGPTL4 were associated with risk of BAVM or ICH. Methods and Results: We conducted a case-control study of 216 Caucasian BAVM cases and 246 healthy controls, and a secondary case-only analysis, comparing 83 ruptured (ICH) with 133 unruptured BAVM cases at presentation. Four tagSNPs in ANGPTL4 captured variation over a 10-kb region (rs2278236, rs1044250, rs11672433, and rs1808536) and were tested for association with BAVM or ICH. The minor allele (A) of rs11672433 (exon 6, Pro389Pro) was associated with an increased risk of BAVM (p = 0.006), which persisted after adjusting for multiple comparisons (p = 0.03). After adjustments for age and sex, carriers of the minor allele (A) remained at higher risk for BAVM compared to noncarriers (odds ratio, OR = 1.56; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.01–2.41; p = 0.046) and risk of BAVM was increased with increasing copy of the minor A allele (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.03–2.15; ptrend = 0.03). Five common haplotypes (frequency >1%) were inferred; overall haplotype distribution differed between BAVM cases and controls (χ2 = 12.2, d.f. = 4, p = 0.02). Neither SNPs (p > 0.05) nor haplotype distribution (χ2 = 1.1, d.f. = 4, p = 0.89) were associated with risk of ICH among BAVM cases. Conclusion: A synonymous SNP in ANGPTL4 and haplotypes carrying it are associated with risk of BAVM but not with ICH presentation in BAVM cases.
Tethered Sir3p nucleates silencing at telomeres and internal loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Rap1p binds to sites embedded within the Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomeric TG1-3 tract. Previous studies have led to the hypothesis that Rap1p may recruit Sir3p and Sir3p-associating factors to the telomere. To test this, we tethered Sir3p adjacent to the telomere via LexA binding sites in the rap1-17 mutant that truncates the Rap1p C-terminal 165 amino acids thought to contain sites for Sir3p association. Tethering of LexA-Sir3p adjacent to the telomere is sufficient to restore telomeric silencing, indicating that Sir3p can nucleate silencing at the telomere. Tethering of LexA-Sir3p or the LexA-Sir3p(N2O5) gain-of-function protein to a telomeric LexA site hyperrepresses an adjacent ADE2 gene in wild-type cells. Hence, Sir3p recruitment to the telomere is limiting in telomeric silencing. In addition, LexA-Sir3p(N2O5) hyperrepresses telomeric silencing when tethered to a subtelomeric site 3.6 kb from the telomeric tract. This hyperrepression is dependent on the C terminus of Rap1p, suggesting that subtelomeric LexA-Sir3p(N205) can interact with Rap1p-associated factors at the telomere. We also demonstrate that LexA-Sir3p or LexA-Sir3p(N205) tethered in cis with a short tract of telomeric TG1-3 sequences is sufficient to confer silencing at an internal chromosomal position. Internal silencing is enhanced in rap1-17 strains. We propose that sequestration of silencing factors at the telomere limits the efficiency of internal silencing.
The Protein Kinase Resource: everything you always wanted to know about protein kinases but were afraid to ask

Protein kinases and phosphatases play crucial roles in all the major cellular processes, such as signal transduction, cell differentiation, cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Protein phosphorylation or dephosphorylation can form the basis of many critical processes, including enzyme activation or inactivation, protein localization and protein degradation. Given the importance of protein kinases to cellular development and function, it is critical that there are effective ways of disseminating information on protein kinases to the research community. This review describes such a web resource, ‘The Protein Kinase Resource’ (http:pkr.sdsc.eduhtmlindex.shtml), which serves as a repository for cellular and molecular data on protein kinases.
On Uffink's alternative interpretation of protective measurements

Protective measurement is a new measuring method introduced by Aharonov, Anandan and Vaidman (1993). By a protective measurement, one can measure the expectation value of an observable on a single quantum system, even if the system is initially not in an eigenstate of the measured observable. Aharonov, Anandan and Vaidman attributed this feature of protective measurements to a physical manifestation of the wave function of the system. This interpretation was challenged by Uffink (1999, 2012). He argued that only observables that commute with the system's Hamiltonian can be protectively measured, and a protective measurement of an observable that does not commute with the system's Hamiltonian does not actually measure the observable, but measure another related observable that commutes with the system's Hamiltonian. In this paper, we argue that there are several errors in Uffink's arguments, and his alternative interpretation of protective measurements is untenable.
Revisión de la producción, composición fitoquímica y propiedades nutracéuticas del orégano mexicano

El orégano es una planta de distribución mundial, el cual está representado principalmente por dos especies: Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceace) nativo de Europa, y Lippia graveolens (Verbenaceae), originaria de América. México ocupa el segundo lugar como productor mundial de orégano con la especie L. graveolens H. B. K. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las especies explotadas son silvestres y su cultivo es aún tradicional y limitado. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de las estrategias de propagación, composición química y propiedades nutracéuticas del orégano. Los fitoquímicos presentes pueden clasificarse en tres categorías: compuestos volátiles, lípidos y fenólicos. Estos componentes presentan diversas propiedades nutracéuticas entre las que destacan la actividad antioxidante, hipoglucémica, hipotensiva, hipolipidémica y anticancerígena. Los avances en el estudio de la composición fitoquímica y su relación con nuevas propiedades nutracéuticas hacen del orégano un producto de alto valor comercial con amplias aplicaciones quimioterapéuticas.
Fuzzy resolution principle

The resolution principle based on reduction and absurdum is extended from binary logic to fuzzy logic. The extension is dependent on introducing the concepts of fuzzy contradictory, contradictory degree, fuzzy resolvent, and confidence of resolvent. The concept of fuzzy resolvent is first interpreted, as it is the most important concept and is the basis of fuzzy resolution. Then the fuzzy resolution principle is considered for fuzzy propositional logic and extended to the fuzzy firs-order logic. The completeness of the fuzzy resolution principle is proved. The fuzzy resolution principle has been used as the basis of a powerful fuzzy Prolog system. <<ETX>>
Goal Programming and Data Envelopment Analysis combined with Fuzzy Theory to evaluate efficiency under uncertainty : Application in mini-factories of the auto parts segment

Suporte financeiro: CNPq e Capes. Abstract: The global market for automotive parts is typically characterized by the strong presence of global suppliers, which are continually pressured to reduce costs, and increase productivity and competitiveness. In this context, this paper describes a new FGPDEA model that combines Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Fuzzy Goal Programming, thereby aiming to increase the discrimination among Decision Making Units (DMUs) in an environment under uncertainty. A real application of the FGPDEA model was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of seven mini-factories (DMUs) of the auto parts segment. The results obtained in this real problem were adherent to the reality studied, reliably identifying which mini-factories were efficient and which ones were more sensitive to the effect of uncertainty.