Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fitness Consequences of Advanced Ancestral Age over Three Generations in Humans

A rapid rise in age at parenthood in contemporary societies has increased interest in reports of higher prevalence of de novo mutations and health problems in individuals with older fathers, but the fitness consequences of such age effects over several generations remain untested. Here, we use extensive pedigree data on seven pre-industrial Finnish populations to show how the ages of ancestors for up to three generations are associated with fitness traits. Individuals whose fathers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers fathered their lineage on average under age 30 were ~13% more likely to survive to adulthood than those whose ancestors fathered their lineage at over 40 years. In addition, females had a lower probability of marriage if their male ancestors were older. These findings are consistent with an increase of the number of accumulated de novo mutations with male age, suggesting that deleterious mutations acquired from recent ancestors may be a substantial burden to fitness in humans. However, possible non-mutational explanations for the observed associations are also discussed.
Rock Mass Characterization for Storage of Nuclear Waste in Granite

ROCK MASS CHARACTERIZATION FOR STORAGE OF NUCLEAR WASTE IN GRANITE P. A. Witherspoon, P. Nelson, T. Doe, R. Thorpe, B. Paulsson Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Berkeley, California 94720 J. Gale, C. Forster Department of Earth Sciences University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada J ™ * H.VaaSum Com™,,. u „ „, •™» W W . or irtmvna itui in or wouU oat Paper to be presented to the 4th Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics, Montreux, Switzerland, September 2-8, 1979. This report was prepared by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory under the Univer­ sity of California contract W-7405-ENC-48 with the Department of Energy. The contract is administered by the Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation at Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio. February, 1979 i.JaTi, TW^rv*. ,^
A survey on usage of SQL

Relational database systems have been on market for more than a decade. SQL has been accepted as the standard query language of relational systems. To further understand the usage of relational systems and relational query language SQL, we conducted a survey recently that covers various aspects of the usage of SQL in industrial organizations. In this paper, we present those results that may interest DBMS researcher and developers, including the profiles of SQL users, the application areas where SQL is used, the usage of different features of SQL and difficulties encountered by SQL users.
Temporal evolution of physical and dielectric properties of sea ice and snow during the early melt season: observations from SIMS ’90 experiment

Abstract The first field experiment in the 5 year seasonal Sea Ice Monitoring Site (SIMS) program was conducted in Resolute Passage, Canadian Eastern Arctic, between 15 May and 8 June 1990. This period signals the early melt season of sea ice in that region. A standard array of ice and snow measurements was collected on a daily basis from first-year and multi-year ice to monitor temporal evolution. Measurements included ice salinity, ice temperature and ice-surface roughness, snow salinity, snow temperature, snow density and snow depth. The complex dielectric constant of sea ice was computed from these measurements. Rapid desalination of first-year ice was noticed in the surface layer. Towards the end of the experiment period, salinities of the snow-hoar layer were higher than those of the ice-surface layer. Variation in air temperature is replicated by ice-surface temperature but not by the salinity or dielectric properties. No temporal variation in permittivity and dielectric loss was observed for first-year ice, but a slight increase in both parameters was observed for multi-year ice. As a result, a slight decrease in the microwave-penetration depth was observed for multi-year ice. Physical properties of ice and snow were compared against results obtained from other experiments conducted in different ice-formation regions in the late winter and in the early melt season.
Evaluation of Several A-Train Ice Cloud Retrieval Products with In Situ Measurements Collected during the SPARTICUS Campaign

AbstractIn this study several ice cloud retrieval products that utilize active and passive A-Train measurements are evaluated using in situ data collected during the Small Particles in Cirrus (SPARTICUS) field campaign. The retrieval datasets include ice water content (IWC), effective radius re, and visible extinction σ from CloudSat level-2C ice cloud property product (2C-ICE), CloudSat level-2B radar-visible optical depth cloud water content product (2B-CWC-RVOD), radar–lidar (DARDAR), and σ from Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). When the discrepancies between the radar reflectivity Ze derived from 2D stereo probe (2D-S) in situ measurements and Ze measured by the CloudSat radar are less than 10 dBZe, the flight mean ratios of the retrieved IWC to the IWC estimated from in situ data are 1.12, 1.59, and 1.02, respectively for 2C-ICE, DARDAR, and 2B-CWC-RVOD. For re, the flight mean ratios are 1.05, 1.18, and 1.61, respectively. For σ, the flight mean ratios for.
Efficient Tree Structures for High Utility Pattern Mining in Incremental Databases

Recently, high utility pattern (HUP) mining is one of the most important research issues in data mining due to its ability to consider the nonbinary frequency values of items in transactions and different profit values for every item. On the other hand, incremental and interactive data mining provide the ability to use previous data structures and mining results in order to reduce unnecessary calculations when a database is updated, or when the minimum threshold is changed. In this paper, we propose three novel tree structures to efficiently perform incremental and interactive HUP mining. The first tree structure, Incremental HUP Lexicographic Tree (IHUPL-Tree), is arranged according to an item's lexicographic order. It can capture the incremental data without any restructuring operation. The second tree structure is the IHUP transaction frequency tree (IHUPTF-Tree), which obtains a compact size by arranging items according to their transaction frequency (descending order). To reduce the mining time, the third tree, IHUP-transaction-weighted utilization tree (IHUPTWU-Tree) is designed based on the TWU value of items in descending order. Extensive performance analyses show that our tree structures are very efficient and scalable for incremental and interactive HUP mining.
Drainage of the Austre Okstindbreen Ice-dammed Lake, Okstindan, Norway

Abstract Observations of the discharge, electrical conductivity, cationic content, and isotopic composition of glacier-river water indicate that drainage of the lake dammed at the margin of the glacier Austre Okstindbreen, Okstindan, Norway, is preceded by disruption of the glacier’s drainage system(s). Annual studies over a period of 12 years have demonstrated that intense storm precipitation, changes of ablation conditions, and the stage of development of drainage systems all may play a role in triggering drainage of the ice-dammed lake. Water temperature may influence the course of the outburst. The lake has drained on at least ten occasions in the last 12 years. Three of the events (1979, 1985, and 1986) occurred early in the summer, whilst melting of the winter’s snow cover was contributing substantially to glacier-river discharge: high basal water pressure and rapid sliding may have facilitated disruption of drainage conditions within the glacier. In 1982, the lake drained during a severe storm, in 1977 and 1984 shortly after a period of heavy rainfall. During the 1977 and 1984 events, water under pressure burst up through the glacier surface. The lake basin remained partly filled throughout one summer (1980): in-flow of water was balanced by out-flow into the glacier.
Searching for Genomic Region of High-Fat Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Mouse Chromosome 2 by Analysis of Congenic Strains

SMXA-5 mice are a high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes animal model established from non-diabetic SM/J and A/J mice. By using F2 intercross mice between SMXA-5 and SM/J mice under feeding with a high-fat diet, we previously mapped a major diabetogenic QTL (T2dm2sa) on chromosome 2. We then produced the congenic strain (SM.A-T2dm2sa (R0), 20.8–163.0 Mb) and demonstrated that the A/J allele of T2dm2sa impaired glucose tolerance and increased body weight and body mass index in the congenic strain compared to SM/J mice. We also showed that the combination of T2dm2sa and other diabetogenic loci was needed to develop the high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes. In this study, to narrow the potential genomic region containing the gene(s) responsible for T2dm2sa, we constructed R1 and R2 congenic strains. Both R1 (69.6–163.0 Mb) and R2 (20.8–128.2 Mb) congenic mice exhibited increases in body weight and abdominal fat weight and impaired glucose tolerance compared to SM/J mice. The R1 and R2 congenic analyses strongly suggested that the responsible genes existed in the overlapping genomic interval (69.6–128.2 Mb) between R1 and R2. In addition, studies using the newly established R1A congenic strain showed that the narrowed genomic region (69.6–75.4 Mb) affected not only obesity but also glucose tolerance. To search for candidate genes within the R1A genomic region, we performed exome sequencing analysis between SM/J and A/J mice and extracted 4 genes (Itga6, Zak, Gpr155, and Mtx2) with non-synonymous coding SNPs. These four genes might be candidate genes for type 2 diabetes caused by gene-gene interactions. This study indicated that one of the genes responsible for high-fat diet-induced diabetes exists in the 5.8 Mb genomic interval on mouse chromosome 2.
The ESA Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer MERIS a review of the instrument and its mission

Following the successful operations of the ERS-1 and 2 satellites which are mainly dedicated to physical oceanography and ice observations from space, the European Space Agency (ESA) developed a multidisciplinary Earth observation instrument within its polar Earth Observation Programme with a focus on biological ocean observations. The Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) will be launched onboard Envisat-1 in the 1999-2000 time frame, providing a European remote sensing capability for observing for example oceanic biology and marine water quality through observations of water colour. MERIS will have a medium spectral and high radiometric resolution and a dual spatial resolution, within a global mission, covering open ocean and coastal zone waters, important aspects of the atmosphere, and large ecosystems over land. The global mission of MERIS will have a major contribution to scientific projects aimed at greater understanding of the role of oceans and ocean productivity in the climate system and.
Export Productivity, Finance, and Economic Growth: Are the Southern Engines of Growth Different?

Using a panel of 139 countries over the period 1992-2003, we analyse the links between export productivity, economic growth and financial development indicators. We then investigate whether the links observed in China, India and Brazil systematically differ from those observed in other countries in the sample. We find that both GDP per capita and investment generally exert a positive and significant effect on export productivity. Except for Brazil, financial development is not an important determinant of export productivity. Moreover, except for Brazil, export productivity plays a positive effect on growth, and so does financial development for both China and Brazil, but not for India. Finally, in both India and Brazil, FDI is negatively associated with growth.
Structure and paleoearthquake records of active submarine faults, Cook Strait, New Zealand: Implications for fault interactions, stress loading, and seismic hazard

[1] A new interpretation of active faulting in central Cook Strait, New Zealand, reveals tectonic structures associated with the spatial transition from subduction to continental transform faulting. Marine seismic reflection profiles and multibeam bathymetric data indicate that there are no throughgoing crustal faults connecting the North Island Dextral Fault Belt and the Marlborough Fault System in South Island. The major faults terminate offshore, associated with 5–20 km wide step-overs and a change in regional fault strike. This structure implies that propagation of strike-slip earthquake ruptures across the strait is not probable. Faulted sedimentary sequences in the Wairau Basin (Marlborough shelf), correlated to glacioeustatic sea level cycles, provide a stratigraphic framework for fault analysis. A high-resolution study of the postglacial (<20 ka) vertical displacement history of the Cloudy and Vernon faults reveals up to six and five paleoearthquakes since 18 ka, respectively. These long-timescale records indicate variable recurrence intervals and possibly variable stress drop, thus conforming to the variable slip model of earthquake behavior. Integration of these data with other submarine and terrestrial paleoearthquake records indicates the presence of clustered earthquake sequences involving multiple faults. Different sequences do not always involve the same faults. It appears that earthquake clustering is driven by fault interactions that lead to specific loading conditions favoring the triggering of earthquakes on major faults in relatively short time intervals. Present-day regional Coulomb stress distribution has been calculated in two scenarios considered to represent minimum and maximum loading conditions. The models, incorporating secular tectonic loading and stress changes associated with major crustal earthquakes, indicate high stress loading in a large part of central Cook Strait. These conditions may favor the triggering of future damaging earthquakes in this region.
Production of high-resolution digital terrain models in mountain regions to support risk assessment

Demand for high-accuracy digital terrain models (DTMs) in the Alpine region has been steadily increasing in recent years in valleys as well as high mountains. In the former, the determination of the geo-mechanical parameters of rock masses is the main objective; global warming, which causes the retreat of glaciers and the reduction of permafrost, is the main drive of the latter. The consequence is the instability of rock masses in high mountains: new cost-effective monitoring techniques are required to deal with the peculiar characteristics of such environment, delivering results at short notice. After discussing the design and execution of photogrammetric surveys in such areas, with particular reference to block orientation and block control, the paper describes the production of DTMs of rock faces and glacier fronts with light instrumentation and data acquisition techniques, allowing highly automated data processing. To this aim, the PhotoGPS technique and structure from motion algorithms are used to speed up the orientation process, while dense matching area-based correlation techniques are used to generate the DTMs.
Tracing fire cultivation in Estonia

Tracing fire cultivation in Estonia Fire cultivation is possibly the agricultural land-use method of the longest duration in Estonia; yet still it has attracted little attention from researchers. The aim of this paper is two-fold: firstly, to discuss the latest stage of historical bushland management via fire cultivation as it appears in historical sources, and secondly to look for ways in which the natural historical research methods can be combined with those of the humanities in search of more complex understanding of land-use dynamics. The material analysed are the 19th century agrarian laws and ethnographic data. These sources show that researchers have so far rather under- than overestimated the persistence and spread of fire use - a number of fire cultivation cases are reported even from the early 20th century from different parts of Estonia. Thus we suggest that bushland management with fire cultivation methods has continued longer than previously assumed. Analysis of the 19th century Livonian agrarian laws shows that legislation of the period directed the land-use pattern away from the earlier practice of a mosaic or scattered patchwork of wooded areas and cleared fields, towards bigger wooded areas and more compact cultivated areas, thus bringing about changes in the landscape. Tuleviljeluse jäljed Eestis Tuleviljelus kui üks põllumajanduslikke tegureid peab olema mõjutanud eesti maastike kujunemist nagu on mõjutanud seda loomakasvatus ja künnipõllundus. Käesoleva artikli eesmärk on näidata, et tuleviljeluse mõju on olnud pikemaajalisem ja ruumiliselt varieeruvam, kui senised käsitlused seda on näidanud. Kirjalikud allikad, mis võimaldavad täpsustada tuleviljeluse ajalist levikut, on 19. sajandi Liivimaa talurahvaseadused ja Eesti Rahva Muuseumi korrespondentide kaastööd. 19. sajandi esimesel poolel oli tuleviljelus Lõuna-Eestis laialt levinud põllumajandustegevus. Seaduste tulemusel muutus senine põllumajandusmaastike mosaiikne muster ja neljandikul seni võsamaadena kasutataud aladel hakasid taastuma mestakooslused. Töös analüüsitud etnograafilised allikad näitavad, et tuleviljelust kasutati põllumajanduses veel 20. sajandil, isegi kuni 1940ndate aastateni. Etnograafiliste allikate analüüs näitab, et erinevalt seni arvatust esines tuleviljelust 19. sajandi teisel poolel veel kõikjal Eestis. Käesolevas artiklis toodud etnograafilise ja ajaloolise materjali analüüs näitab, et uurijad on seni tuleviljeluse kestvust ja levikut Eestis pigem ala- kui üle hinnanud. Sellise alahindamise tõttu ei ole ka aleviljeluse mõju eesti maastikule ja looduskeskkonnale piisavalt tähelepanu pööratud, erinevalt näiteks Soomest. Tuleviljeluse seni arvatust hilisem ja geograafiliselt laialdasem levik eeldab täiendavaid uuringuid selle inimõjulise teguri mõjude ja tagajärgede selgitamiseks meie keskkonnas ja maastikel ning ajaloolaste ja loodusteadlaste tihedamat koostööd selles valdkonnas.
Sphericall: A Human/Artificial Intelligence interaction experience

Multi-agent systems are now wide spread in scientific works and in industrial applications. Few applications deal with the Human/Multi-agent system interaction. Multi-agent systems are characterized by individual entities, called agents, in interaction with each other and with their environment. Multi- agent systems are generally classified into complex systems categories since the global emerging phenomenon cannot be predicted even if every component is well known. The systems developed in this paper are named reactive because they behave using simple interaction models. In the reactive approach, the issue of Human/system interaction is hard to cope with and is scarcely exposed in literature. This paper presents Sphericall, an application aimed at studying Human/Complex System interactions and based on two physics inspired multi-agent systems interacting together. The Sphericall device is composed of a tactile screen and a spherical world where agents evolve. This paper presents both the technical background of Sphericall project and a feedback taken from the demonstration performed during OFFF Festival in La Villette (Paris).
Influence of Water Molecules on Properties of Binuclear or Bridged Structures for Chiral CuII-NiII, CuII-PdII, and CuII-PtII Tetracyano- Bimetallic Assemblies

We have prepared new chiral bimetallic assemblies of discrete binuclear [CuL2][Ni(CN)4]·2H2O or onedimensional cyanide-bridged [CuL2][Pd(CN)4] (and [CuL2][Pt(CN)4]) (L = (1S,2S)-(+)-N,N'-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1,2diamine). The numbers of co-crystallized water molecules contained are different from each other and their compositions are easy to vary due to co-crystallized water molecules. As far as we studied on the related [Cu(diamine)2]a [M(CN)b]c·dH2O compounds, actually such a feature has been found for the first time. According to crystal structures, the elongated axial bond distances of [CuL2] 2+ moieties are Cu-N = 2.195(7) Å for [CuL2][Ni(CN)4]·2H2O, Cu-N = 2.443(4) and 2.519(2) Å for [CuL2][Pd(CN)4]. Single crystal structure analyses, variable low temperature XRD, measurements of electronic, CD, emission, and XPS spectra and magnetic properties have been carried out. We compared their structural preference between Ni and Pd (or Pt) metal ions. Novel emission band of [CuL2][Pt(CN)4] appeared at 410 nm ( ex = 360 nm) in the solid state regardless of quenching by cyanide-bridged [CuL2] 2+ moieties.
Regional atmospheric angular momentum contributions to polar motion excitation

We focus on a regional analysis of the equatorial components of the Effective Atmospheric Angular Momentum (EAAM) functions that are responsible for excitation of polar motion. These functions are computed from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project data both globally and in 108 geographic sectors for the period from 1968 to 1997. We investigate regional contributions of these atmospheric angular momentum functions to the short period oscillations of geodetically-determined polar motion directly and to the global EAAM excitation functions themselves. We examine two excitation terms in parallel, both excluding and including the inverted barometer (IB) formulation which adjusts the atmosphere to account for an isostatic equilibrium response from the ocean to overlying pressure; the IB formulation tends to decrease effective atmospheric variability. In the case of pressure terms without IB the largest contributions to the equatorial components of EAAM functions originate in the South Pacific, North Atlantic and North Pacific regions. However, application of the IB correction may result in the dominance of Eurasia and North America instead, with nearly all southern hemisphere contributions disappearing. Oscillations of the polar motion excitation function are mainly coherent with variations of the pressure term of the EAAM excitation functions over northern mid-latitude land areas. Distinct oscillations appear to occur in two frequency bands: 25 – 75 days and 75 – 125 days, in both prograde and retrograde directions which correspond to counterclockwise and clockwise polar motion, respectively. Coherence and cross-spectral analyses are performed to determined degree of agreement and common amplitude, respectively. We examine the atmospheric functions with respect to one important region in Eurasia and note a propagating horizontal influence within the atmosphere.
User-oriented summary extraction for soccer video based on multimodal analysis

An advanced user-oriented summary extraction method for soccer video is proposed in this work. Firstly, an algorithm of user-oriented summary extraction for soccer video is introduced. A novel approach that integrates multimodal analysis, such as extraction and analysis of the stadium features, moving object features, audio features and text features is introduced. By these features the semantic of the soccer video and the highlight mode are obtained. Then we can find the highlight position and put them together by highlight degrees to obtain the video summary. The experimental results for sports video of world cup soccer games indicate that multimodal analysis is effective for soccer video browsing and retrieval.