Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Light and electron microscopy observations on the development of viral particles in the inclusions of Dawson's encephalitis (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis)

IN 1933 and 1934, Dawsonl.2 first described a distinct form of ingravescent encephalitis in children, characterized clinically by the development of involuntary movements of the limbs and profound mental changes, and pathologically by the presence of eosinophilic intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the cortical neurons. Although the intranuclear inclusions closely resembled the Cowdry Type A inclusion bodies characteristic of herpes simplex, the disease described by Dawson could not be transmitted experimentally to any of several animal species (rabbits, mice, guinea pigs, monkeys, dogs, and chickens), whether the material was injected by the intracerebral, the subcutaneous or the corneal routes. Subsequent reports3 helped to establish the disease as a well-defined clinico-pathological entity, but further attempts to transmit it experimentally continued to meet with failure. Meanwhile, van Bogaert4 drew attention to a clinically similar form of encephalitis, fatal within three to six months. He termed it “subacute sclerosing leucoencephalitis” because of the predominant involvement of the cerebral white matter, in which an inflammatory exudate was accompanied by a severe fibrillary gliosis and a variable degree of demyelination. In van Bogaert’s cases the cortex too was involved, and subsequently several examples from his laboratory were found to contain intranuclear inclusions similar to those demonstrated in the Dawson type.5 Since the original reports many identical or similar cases have been extensively described in the literature: the present consensus of opinion is that the Dawson form of inclusionbody encephalitis and van Bogaert’s subacute sclerosing leucoencephalitis, as well as, almost certainly, the cases designated by Pette and Doring in Germany as “nodular panencephalitis” belong to the same clinical and probably etiological entity, of which they constitute morphological variants.5-9 We shall therefore refer to the disease as “subacute sclerosing panencephalitis”, as suggested by Greenfield. The gross and microscopic features of this condition are abundantly documented in the literature, and will be recalled only succinctly. Briefly, the pathologic picture is that of a primary viral encephalitis, in which the grey and the white matter are involved to a variable extent. In some cases, as in the early examples reported by Dawson and by Brain et al., the cortical ribbon is almost solely affected, whereas in the cases described by van Bogaert and his school the features of white matter inflammation and sclerosis predominate. In all cases, however, the cortical neurons are involved to some extent. It is gen-
Managing Montana's Trust Land Old-Growth Forests

Management of old-growth forests on Montana's school trust forestlands has been characterized by conflicting values among various interest groups and uncertainty created by political and judicial involvement. Successful agency implementation of old-growth policy typically requires domination of the political environment by the management agency and its allies. Absent sufficient political support, the agency should pursue alternative combinations of strategies designed to maximize success in the inevitable legal disputes, such as explicitly acknowledging the role of politics in scientific management of the specific issue at hand and the uncertainties inherent in the science related to management of old-growth forests.
Approach to Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Implantable-Electronic-Device Infection

ABSTRACT Device infection remains a significant challenge as clinical indications for cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) therapy continue to expand beyond the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Patients receiving CIED therapy are now older and have significant comorbidities, placing them at higher risk of complications, including infection. CIED infection warrants complete device removal, as retention is associated with an unacceptably high risk of relapse and increased mortality. However, accurate diagnosis of CIED infections remains a significant challenge that is based on a combination of findings on physical examination, microbiological and laboratory testing, and advanced imaging, such as transesophageal echocardiography or positron emission tomography. Isolating a causative pathogen and performing susceptibility testing are crucial for appropriate choice, route, and duration of antimicrobial therapy. In this review, we present an evidence-based approach to diagnosis of CIED infection.
Overview and Investigation of the Visualization Methods in Recommendation Systems

The applied research for visualization methods in recommendation systems are demonstrated from the data analysis, results and explanation of the recommendations and human-computer interaction. First, various categories of visualization methods thoughts are described, and their characteristics, pros and cons are analyzed. Second, the typical application applying visualization methods are listed. Finally, the problems and challenges of visualization methods in recommendation systems are summarized, and the possible directions of future research are pointed.
The epidemiologic interpretation of serologic data in malaria.

Summary The indirect fluorescent antibody test promises to be of value for epidemiologic work in malaria. Some of the variables which may affect this test are discussed briefly. A mathematical model for analyzing age-related antibody prevalence rates is described and its application is illustrated by data from recent surveys in East Africa and in Amazonas, Brazil. Fallacies and difficulties, such as congenital antibodies and the use of simian parasites as antigens, are discussed, together with conditions where the use of serologic methods may be valuable.
Urban justice and sustainability: comparing the situation of older renters in public housing with that of older renters in private rented accommodation in Sydney

An ever-increasing number of older Australians are dependent on the private rental market for their accommodation. Through the use of in-depth interviews, the life circumstances of older renters in public housing are compared with those in private rented accommodation. All of the interviewees were living in Sydney and dependent on the government age pension for all or the bulk of their income. It is illustrated that the interviewees in public housing were in a superior financial position, had far greater security of tenure and, drawing on the work of Amartya Sen, had a far greater capacity to live a life they valued than did their counterparts in private rented accommodation. The interviewees in private rental accommodation were often in a desperate financial situation and extremely anxious about their future. Their capacity to control their present and their future was very limited.
Arthroscopic Subtalar Arthrodesis: Does the Type of Fixation Modify Outcomes?

ABSTRACT The goal of the present study was to analyze a modified American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle‐hindfoot scale score, time to union, and the incidence of fusion after isolated arthroscopic posterior subtalar arthrodesis using either 1 or 2 screws of different diameters. We reviewed a consecutive series of 65 patients, mean age 50.0 ± 15.6 years, including 38 males (58.5%) and 27 females (41.5%), who had undergone arthrodesis from May 2004 to February 2011. The mean follow‐up duration was 57.5 (range 24 to 105) months. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the fixation method used: group 1 (n = 12; 18.5%) underwent fixation with one 6.5‐mm screw; group 2 (n = 40; 61.5%) with one 7.3‐mm screw; and group 3 (n = 13; 20%) with two 7.3‐mm screws. An overall statistically significant (p < .0001) improvement was seen in the modified AOFAS scale score for all 3 fixation groups; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = .79) among the fixation groups. Fusion was achieved in 62 patients (95.4%) after a mean of 12.1 (range 9 to 16) weeks. The difference in the time to union was not statistically significant (p = .781) among the fixation groups. Nine patients (13.8%) experienced complications, and nonunion was significantly (p = .005) more prevalent in the single 6.5‐mm screw group. In conclusion, all 3 screw configurations led to improved modified AOFAS scale scores, although nonunion was more common among patients fixed with a single 6.5‐mm screw. Level of Clinical Evidence: 3
Artificial metalloenzymes for asymmetric allylic alkylation on the basis of the biotin-avidin technology.

Palladium in the active site: The incorporation of a biotinylated palladium diphosphine within streptavidin yielded an artificial metalloenzyme for the title reaction (see scheme). Chemogenetic optimization of the catalyst by the introduction of a spacer (red star) between biotin (green triangle) and palladium and saturation mutagenesis at position S112X afforded both R- and S-selective artificial asymmetric allylic alkylases.
Effectiveness of TiN porous templates on the reduction of threading dislocations in GaN overgrowth by organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy

We report on the reduction of threading dislocations in GaN overlayers grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy on micro-porous TiN networks. These networks were obtained by in situ annealing of thin Ti layers deposited in a metalization chamber, on the (0001) face of GaN templates. Observations by transmission electron microscopy indicate dislocation reduction by factors of up to 10 in GaN layers grown on TiN networks compared with the control GaN. X-ray diffraction shows that GaN grown on the TiN network has a smaller (102) plane peak width (4.6 arcmin) than the control GaN (7.8 arcmin). In low temperature photoluminescence spectra, a narrow excitonic full-width-at-half-maximum of 2.4 meV was obtained, as compared to 3.0 meV for the control GaN, confirming the improved crystalline quality of the overgrown GaN layers.
The Empirical Analysis of Sri Lanka's Manufacturing Productivity

This paper analyses empirically the changes in Sri Lanka’s manufacturing productivity during a period of regime shift from import substituting industrialization to export oriented industrialization. We have used a varying coefficients stochastic production frontier model on a balanced panel data set to shed light on the effects of trade liberalization on Total Factor Productivity which incorporates both changes in Technical Efficiency and Technical Progress. The results of the empirical validation of the stochastic production frontier model reveal that there were two distinct phases of output and productivity growth under each of the two trade liberalization episodes that occurred during 1978–88 and 1988–97, respectively. The analysis carried out in this paper decomposing Total Factor Productivity into Technical Progress and Technical Efficiency also reveals that during early years of each episode, perspiration or factor inputs was the driving force of increased output growth giving way to ‘inspiration’ or technical progress as each phase matured. The stochastic production frontier empirics reported in this paper together with negative feedback effects emanating from the political turmoil and the prolonged ethnic conflict virtually brought the growth of foreign direct investment to a grinding halt in late 1980s, when the election of new right-wing government appears to have given a shot in the arm to overcome the paralysis of technical progress that seem to have contributed to the productivity slow-down in Sri Lanka’s manufacturing sector in the eve of the new millennium.
Leaf insects from Luzon, Philippines, with descriptions of four new species, the new genus Pseudomicrophyllium, and redescription of Phyllium (Phyllium) geryon Gray, 1843, (Phasmida: Phylliidae).

Examination of unidentified Phylliidae specimens revealed a number of undescribed species from the island of Luzon, Philippines. Morphological and molecular study of specimens from the obscure phasmid genus Microphyllium Zompro, 2001, revealed a new species, which we describe as Microphyllium haskelli Cumming sp. nov. It is here described and differentiated from the two other species in the genus, both currently only known from adults of a single sex. Pseudomicrophyllium Cumming gen. nov. is described as a new genus within Phylliidae with the type species Pseudomicrophyllium faulkneri Cumming gen. et sp. nov. as the sole known species in the genus. As is unfortunately often the case in the leaf-mimicking family Phylliidae, this new genus and species is only known from a single specimen. In addition to the new genus, two new Phyllium (Phyllium) species from the siccifolium species-group are named and described as Ph. (Ph.) antonkozlovi Cumming sp. nov. and Ph. (Ph.) bourquei Cumming Le Tirant sp. nov. In addition to the newly described species, Phyllium (Phyllium) geryon Gray, 1843 is redescribed from a nearly perfect specimen, completing some of the morphological knowledge gaps currently missing because of the severely damaged holotype specimen. A key to all known species of Phylliidae from Luzon is included. Holotype specimens for all four new species will be deposited in the National Museum of the Philippines type collection and paratype specimens will be deposited into the San Diego Natural History Museum collection or retained within the first author's collection.
Experimental study of muon pairs produced by 252-GeV pions on tungsten.

We present the results of a study of muon pairs with invariant masses greater than 4.05 GeV/c/sup 2/ produced in high-energy pion-nucleon interactions. The production cross section together with the inferred pion and nucleon structure functions are reported and compared with other experiments and with QCD predictions. The transverse-momentum distributions are also presented. Finally, the full angular distribution in costheta and phi is given as a function of mass, Feynman x, and transverse momentum. Longitudinal photon polarization is seen in the lower portion of the mass range at high x/sub . pi. /. This result is compared with a higher-twist model.
Challenging the Chinese Managerial Paradigm: Global relations over-ride the traditional market model

Summary This paper questions what is distinct about the formation of business networks in the Chinese capitalist leap forward at the turn of the twenty-first century? Existing literature suggests that it is a business culture based on strong family networks, or cultural ties secured in quanxi connections that are underpinned by strong Confucian ethics. Agreeing with the identification of these distinctive cultural attributes, we argue that Chinese business, like business elsewhere, may have cultural attributes that are distinctly national (and foreigners looking to succeed there ignore them at their peril) but we suggest that networking power still resides in underlying patterns of ownership. We use empirical data from Australian registered companies operating in Shanghai and Chinese companies operating in Shanghai to test this theory and to draw conclusions about the difference and similarity of corporate organisations in different regions.
Hunting the Unobservables for Optimal Social Security

We study the optimal size of a pay-as-you-go social security program for an economy composed of both permanent-income and hand-to-mouth consumers. While previous work on this topic is framed within a two-period partial equilibrium setup, we study this issue in a life-cycle general equilibrium model. Because this type of welfare analysis depends critically on unobservable preference parameters, we methodically consider all parameterizations of the unobservables that are both feasible and reasonable—all parameterizations that can mimic key features of macro data (feasible) while still being consistent with micro evidence and convention (reasonable). The baseline model predicts that the optimal tax rate is between 6 percent and 15 percent of wage income.
Establishing a robust technique for monitoring and early warning of food insecurity in post-conflict South Sudan using ordinal logistic regression

Abstract The lack of a “gold standard” to determine and predict household food insecurity is well documented. While a considerable volume of research continues to explore universally applicable measurement approaches, robust statistical techniques have not been applied in food security monitoring and early warning systems, especially in countries where food insecurity is chronic. This study explored the application of various Ordinal Logistic Regression techniques in the analysis of national data from South Sudan. Five Link Functions of the Ordinal Regression model were tested. Of these techniques, the Probit Model was found to be the most efficient for predicting food security using ordered categorical outcomes (Food Consumption Scores). The study presents the first rigorous analysis of national food security levels in post conflict South Sudan and shows the power of the model in identifying significant predictors of food insecurity, surveillance, monitoring and early warning.
Care Outcomes in Long-Term Care Facilities in British Columbia, Canada: Does Ownership Matter?

Objectives:This study investigated whether for-profit (FP) versus not-for-profit (NP) ownership of long-term care facilities resulted in a difference in hospital admission and mortality rates among facility residents in British Columbia, Canada. Research design:This retrospective cohort study used administrative data on all residents of British Columbia long-term care facilities between April 1, 1996, and August 1, 1999 (n = 43,065). Hospitalizations were examined for 6 diagnoses (falls, pneumonia, anemia, dehydration, urinary tract infection, and decubitus ulcers and/or gangrene), which are considered to be reflective of facility quality of care. In addition to FP versus NP status, facilities were divided into ownership subgroups to investigate outcomes by differences in governance and operational structures. Results:We found that, overall, FP facilities demonstrated higher adjusted hospitalization rates for pneumonia, anemia, and dehydration and no difference for falls, urinary tract infections, or DCU/gangrene. FP facilities demonstrated higher adjusted hospitalization rates compared with NP facilities attached to a hospital, amalgamated to a regional health authority, or that were multisite. This effect was not present when comparing FP facilities to NP single-site facilities. There was no difference in mortality rates in FP versus NP facilities. Conclusions:The higher adjusted hospitalization rates in FP versus NP facilities is consistent with previous research from U.S. authors. However, the superior performance by the NP sector is driven by NP-owned facilities connected to a hospital or health authority, or that had more than one site of operation.
Adjuvant mFOLFOX6 with or without cetuxiumab (Cmab) in KRAS wild-type (WT) patients (pts) with resected stage III colon cancer (CC): Results from NCCTG Intergroup Phase III Trial N0147.

CRA3507 Background: FOLFOX is standard adjuvant therapy for stage III CC. Adding Cmab to FOLFOX benefits pts with metastatic CC WT KRAS tumors. N0147 assessed the potential benefit of Cmab added to FOLFOX. METHODS 21-56 days following resection and informed consent, KRAS status was centrally determined. Pts with wtKRAS CC were randomized to 12 biweekly cycles of oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 d1, with leucovorin 400 mg/m2, 5FU 400 mg/m2 bolus IV, then 46-hr IV 5FU 2,400 mg/m2 on d1-2 (mFOLFOX6), without (arm A) or with Cmab (arm D) 250 mg/m2 d1&8, with Cmab at 400 mg/m2, cycle 1, d1. Primary endpoint was 3-yr disease free survival (DFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and toxicity. Planned accrual of 2,070 wtKRAS pts provided 90% power to detect hazard ratio (HR) of 1.33 with 2-sided α=0.05; with interim analyses after 25%, 50%, and 75% of planned events. RESULTS 1,760 wtKRAS pts (Arm A-858, Arm D-902) were enrolled at the time of closure; median follow-up on 1,624 pts is 15.9 months. Trial closed to accrual when preplanned interim analysis after 50% of planned events demonstrated no benefit to addition of Cmab. 3-yr DFS favored FOLFOX alone (HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.92-1.52; p=0.33). No benefit of Cmab was observed in any subgroups assessed. Any grade ≥ 3 AE, diarrhea, and failure to complete 12 cycles was significantly increased in arm D. Increased toxicity and greater differences in all outcomes were observed in pts aged ≥ 70 ( Table ). CONCLUSIONS In this randomized phase III trial the addition of Cmab to mFOLFOX6 was of no benefit for pts with resected stage III wtKRAS CC. Supported by NIH Grant CA25224, Bristol-Myers Squibb, ImClone, Sanofi-Aventis, and Pfizer. [Table: see text] [Table: see text].
Relationship between Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Korean Men

There have been many epidemiological researches of chronic kidney disease (CKD), accompanied by an increase in the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, as far as we know, little research has been done to examine the extent of the relationship between CKD and CHD as estimated by Framingham risk score (FRS) in Korean men. CKD was defined as either proteinuria or an eGFR of < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. The FRS has been used to predict the 10-yr risk of coronary events and usually divided into three levels of risk < 10% (low), 10%-19% (intermediate) and ≥ 20% (high). We defined FRS ≥ 10% as more-than-a-moderate CHD risk group and FRS ≥ 20% as a high CHD risk group, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses showed a strong statistical significant relationship between CKD and high risk of CHD (adjusted OR, 1.95 [95% CI, 1.32-2.87]). Dipstick urinalysis and eGFR can be readily measured in most clinical settings. The measurement of kidney function may represent a relatively inexpensive and efficient way to identify individuals at higher risk for CHD.
Sources of Supply Chain Disruptions, Factors That Breed Vulnerability, and Mitigating Strategies

The focus of business toward increasing efficiency and reducing costs has resulted in supply chains that are efficient during normal times, but at the cost of being vulnerable to disruptions. From time to time, frequent as well as rare catastrophes also disrupt supply chain operations. We collect and compile data from many sources and show that there has been a marked increase in both the frequency and economic losses from natural and man-made catastrophes. We find that business losses constitute a major percentage of the total losses caused by these catastrophes. The statistics suggest that for terrorist attacks, the vulnerability of U.S. business interests is much higher than others. Examination of the geographical and chronological distributions of catastrophes provides useful information for managers concerned about such disruptions. We develop a catastrophe classification framework that matches different types of catastrophes to a variety of infrastructural components of supply chains. The framework also connects a variety of mitigating strategies to appropriate catastrophe types. We identify factors that can be used to assess the vulnerability of a supply chain. They can also be useful to compare possible alternative decisions based on the vulnerability they may cause in the supply chain. To manage vulnerability in supply chains, we propose strategies that can be implemented by a company to decrease the possibility of occurrence, provide advance warning, and cope after a disturbance. We reveal potential benefits from mitigating strategies during normal times, which indicate that well-developed strategies can also result in better efficiency. We identify many future research areas concerning disruption handling in supply chains.