Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor is associated with the development of adipose tissue

Summary Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) plays a role in cellular responses which include cellular adhesion, differentiation, proliferation and migration. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of uPAR on the development of adipose tissue. To clarify the role of uPAR on adipogenesis, we examined the effect of uPAR overexpression and uPAR deficiency on the adipocyte differentiation. Adipocyte differentiation was induced by incubation of 3T3-L1 cells with differentiation media containing insulin, dexamethasone, and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthin. uPAR overexpression by transfection of uPAR expression vector induced adipocyte differentiation. In addition, we examined the difference in adipocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from wild-type mice and uPAR knockout (uPAR-/-) mice. The uPAR deficiency attenuated differentiation media-induced adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, we found that the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway attenuated uPAR overexpression-induced adipocyte differentiation, and uPAR overexpression induced the activation of Akt. We also found that an increase of the adipose tissue mass in uPAR-/- mice was less than that observed in wild-type mice. The present results suggest that uPAR plays a pivotal role in the development of adipose tissue through PI3K/Akt pathway.
Gifts from Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby

Attachment theory has developed over many decades - and continues to develop. Its roots lie in several seminal publications of John Bowlby (the basis of attachment theory) and Mary D. S. Ainsworth (the notion of individual differences in attachment). This paper identifies the prescient contributions of these early publications and two processes (a long-term dialogue and reflection on discrepancy) that underlay emergent theory. Because I was a student of Ainsworth when both attachment theory and individual differences in attachment organization were becoming better known, I offer some of my recollections of that period, suggesting how that period may have affected current work in attachment.
Amplify-and-Forward Strategies in the Two-Way Relay Channel With Analog Tx–Rx Beamforming

In this paper, we study the multiple-input-multiple-output two-way relay channel (MIMO-TWRC) when the nodes and relay use analog beamforming. Following the amplify-and-forward (AF) strategy, the problem consists of finding the transmit and receive beamformers of the nodes and relay (as well as the power allocated to each one) that achieve the boundary of the optimal rate region. To solve it, we first express the optimal node beamformers in terms of relay beamformers and then show that the optimal rate region can efficiently be characterized using convex optimization techniques. We also extend our study to the multiple-relay scenario when the source nodes are single antenna and propose a distributed algorithm to compute the relay beamforming matrices. The proposed algorithm consists of solving two different subproblems. First, each individual TWRC is optimized independently. Next, a distributed beamforming is applied to make the signals from the relays add up coherently at the source nodes. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed techniques and to compare the performance of analog beamforming architectures against conventional MIMO schemes that operate at the baseband.
The Novel Approach based on ImprovingApriori Algorithm and Frequent PatternAlgorithm for Mining Association Rule

The effectiveness of mining association rules is a significant field of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD). The Apriori algorithm is a classical algorithm in mining association rules. This paper presents an improved method for Apriori and Frequent Pattern algorithms to increase the efficiency of generating association rules. This algorithm adopts a new method to decrease the redundant generation of sub-itemsets during pruning the candidate itemsets, which can form directly the set of frequent itemset and remove candidates having a subset that is not frequent in the meantime. This algorithm can raise the probability of obtaining information in scanning database and reduce the potential scale of itemsets
A critical role for alternative polyadenylation factor CPSF6 in targeting HIV-1 integration to transcriptionally active chromatin

Significance HIV-1 requires integration for efficient gene expression, and the local chromatin environment significantly influences the level of HIV-1 transcription. Silent, integrated proviruses constitute the latent HIV reservoir. As HIV-1 commandeers cellular factors to dictate its preferred integration sites, these interactions consequentially influence latency. We examined the impact of polyadenylation specificity factor CPSF6, which binds HIV-1 capsid, and the integrase-binding chromatin reader LEDGF/p75 on viral infection and integration site distribution. Integration sites were determined in cells knocked down or knocked out for one or both host factors. Our data indicate that CPSF6 directs HIV-1 to transcriptionally active chromatin, where LEDGF/p75 predominantly directs the positions of integration within genes. These findings clarify the roles of cellular forces that dictate HIV-1 integration preferences and hence virus pathogenesis. Integration is vital to retroviral replication and influences the establishment of the latent HIV reservoir. HIV-1 integration favors active genes, which is in part determined by the interaction between integrase and lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75. Because gene targeting remains significantly enriched, relative to random in LEDGF/p75 deficient cells, other host factors likely contribute to gene-tropic integration. Nucleoporins 153 and 358, which bind HIV-1 capsid, play comparatively minor roles in integration targeting, but the influence of another capsid binding protein, cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 6 (CPSF6), has not been reported. In this study we knocked down or knocked out CPSF6 in parallel or in tandem with LEDGF/p75. CPSF6 knockout changed viral infectivity kinetics, decreased proviral formation, and preferentially decreased integration into transcriptionally active genes, spliced genes, and regions of chromatin enriched in genes and activating histone modifications. LEDGF/p75 depletion by contrast preferentially altered positional integration targeting within gene bodies. Dual factor knockout reduced integration into genes to below the levels observed with either single knockout and revealed that CPSF6 played a more dominant role than LEDGF/p75 in directing integration to euchromatin. CPSF6 complementation rescued HIV-1 integration site distribution in CPSF6 knockout cells, but complementation with a capsid binding mutant of CPSF6 did not. We conclude that integration targeting proceeds via two distinct mechanisms: capsid-CPSF6 binding directs HIV-1 to actively transcribed euchromatin, where the integrase-LEDGF/p75 interaction drives integration into gene bodies.
A model of ischemic mitral regurgitation in pigs with three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR), the incidence of which is increasing, results from annular and subvalvular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Although a sheep model of IMR has been used extensively over the past two decades, the ventricular, coronary and leaflet anatomy in sheep is significantly different from that in humans. In contrast, pigs are more similar to humans with regard to these parameters, and therefore may serve as a better animal to test emerging new technologies designed to treat IMR. METHODS Twenty-nine pigs (body weight 30-35 kg) underwent left thoracotomy and ligation of the mid main circumflex and distal right posterior descending coronary arteries to create a posterolateral MI. Of these pigs, 18 were used for acute data acquisition, while 11 surviving animals in the chronic group were assessed at eight weeks after MI. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography was performed at baseline, and at 30 min and eight weeks after MI, to assess geometric changes in the mitral annulus, mitral leaflets and left ventricle. RESULTS Compared to baseline, the MR grade was increased significantly at eight weeks (0.7 + 0.5 versus 2.0 +/- 1.2), together with a significant decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (40.3 +/- 6.6% versus 25.8 +/- 7.7%). Significant increases were also noted at eight weeks in the commissural width (30.1 +/- 3.2 mm versus 35.1 +/- 2.9 mm) and septolateral diameter (25.0 +/- 2.0 mm versus 33.8 +/- 5.9 mm), with a resultant increase in mitral annular area (596 +/- 85 versus 931 +/- 181 mm3) and a decrease in the annular height to commissural width ratio (15.7 +/- 2.6% versus 13.7 +/- 1.9%). The mitral valve tenting volume was also increased significantly (1577 +/- 645 versus 2440 +/- 755 mm3). The distance between the papillary muscle tips at baseline and at eight weeks was increased significantly (23.9 +/- 2.5 versus 30.9 +/- 5.2 mm), as was the distance between the posterior papillary muscle tip and the posterior commissure (20.9 +/- 2.7 versus 24.1 +/- 2.8 mm). CONCLUSION The surgical model described here reliably replicates the changes seen in humans with IMR. Hence, this model can be used for further studies of the pathophysiology of IMR, and of any novel interventions in this challenging clinical area.
Open Connect Everywhere: A Glimpse at the Internet Ecosystem through the Lens of the Netflix CDN

The importance of IXPs to interconnect different networks and exchange traffic locally has been well studied over the last few years. However, far less is known about the role IXPs play as a platform to enable large-scale content delivery and to reach a world-wide customer base. In this paper, we study the infrastructure deployment of a content hypergiant, Netflix, and show that the combined worldwide IXP substrate is the major corner stone of its Content Delivery Network. This highlights the additional role that IXPs play in the Internet ecosystem, not just in terms of interconnection, but also allowing players such as Netflix to deliver significant amounts of traffic.
First‐generation HapMap in Cajanus spp. reveals untapped variations in parental lines of mapping populations

Summary Whole genome re‐sequencing (WGRS) was conducted on a panel of 20 Cajanus spp. accessions (crossing parentals of recombinant inbred lines, introgression lines, multiparent advanced generation intercross and nested association mapping population) comprising of two wild species and 18 cultivated species accessions. A total of 791.77 million paired‐end reads were generated with an effective mapping depth of ~12X per accession. Analysis of WGRS data provided 5 465 676 genome‐wide variations including 4 686 422 SNPs and 779 254 InDels across the accessions. Large structural variations in the form of copy number variations (2598) and presence and absence variations (970) were also identified. Additionally, 2 630 904 accession‐specific variations comprising of 2 278 571 SNPs (86.6%), 166 243 deletions (6.3%) and 186 090 insertions (7.1%) were also reported. Identified polymorphic sites in this study provide the first‐generation HapMap in Cajanus spp. which will be useful in mapping the genomic regions responsible for important traits.
TicTimer software for measuring tic suppression

Woods and Himle developed a standardized tic suppression paradigm (TSP) for the experimental setting, to quantify the effects of intentional tic suppression in Tourette syndrome. The present article describes a Java program that automates record keeping and reward dispensing during the several experimental conditions of the TSP. The software can optionally be connected to a commercial reward token dispenser to further automate reward delivery to the participant. The timing of all tics, 10-second tic-free intervals, and dispensed rewards is recorded in plain text files for later analysis. Expected applications include research on Tourette syndrome and related disorders.
The composition of polypharmacy: A register-based study of Swedes aged 75 years and older

Background Polypharmacy is common among older adults. However, little is known about the composition of polypharmacy: which are the most frequently used drugs, and how much do these drugs contribute to the overall prevalence of polypharmacy. Methods A total of 822,619 Swedes aged ≥75 years was identified from the Total Population Register. Through record-linkage with the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the Social Services Register we could analyze concurrent drug use in the entire population (both individuals living in the community and institution) on the 31 December 2013. Results The prevalence of polypharmacy (≥5 drugs) was 45%. The most frequently used drugs were cardiovascular drugs, analgesics, and psychotropics. By excluding the ten most frequently used drug classes or compounds, the prevalence of polypharmacy was reduced by 69% and 51% respectively. The majority of the users of either one of the 10 most frequently used drugs concurrently used at least 4 other drug classes (66%-85%). Conclusion Almost half of the individuals aged ≥75 years are exposed to polypharmacy in Sweden. A handful of drugs make a large contribution to the overall prevalence of polypharmacy and the majority of drugs prescribed to persons aged ≥75 years are used in combination with other drugs. This highlights the high use of drugs, and the need to consider other concurrent drug treatments when prescribing for older adults.
Quality-of-Experience of Adaptive Video Streaming: Exploring the Space of Adaptations

With the remarkable growth of adaptive streaming media applications, especially the wide usage of dynamic adaptive streaming schemes over HTTP (DASH), it becomes ever more important to understand the perceptual quality-of-experience (QoE) of end users, who may be constantly experiencing adaptations (switchings) of video bitrate, spatial resolution, and frame-rate from one time segment to another in a scale of a few seconds. This is a sophisticated and challenging problem, for which existing visual studies provide very limited guidance. Here we build a new adaptive streaming video database and carry out a series of subjective experiments to understand human QoE behaviors in this multi-dimensional adaptation space. Our study leads to several useful findings. First, our path-analytic results show that quality deviation introduced by quality adaptation is asymmetric with respect to the adaptation direction (positive or negative), and is further influenced by the intensity of quality change (intensity), dimension of adaptation (type), intrinsic video quality (level), content, and the interactions between them. Second, we find that for the same intensity of quality adaptation, a positive adaptation occurred in the low-quality range has more impact on QoE, suggesting an interesting Weber's law effect; while such phenomenon is reversed for a negative adaptation. Third, existing objective video quality assessment models are very limited in predicting time-varying video quality.
Heel impact forces during barefoot versus minimally shod walking among Tarahumara subsistence farmers and urban Americans

Despite substantial recent interest in walking barefoot and in minimal footwear, little is known about potential differences in walking biomechanics when unshod versus minimally shod. To test the hypothesis that heel impact forces are similar during barefoot and minimally shod walking, we analysed ground reaction forces recorded in both conditions with a pedography platform among indigenous subsistence farmers, the Tarahumara of Mexico, who habitually wear minimal sandals, as well as among urban Americans wearing commercially available minimal sandals. Among both the Tarahumara (n = 35) and Americans (n = 30), impact peaks generated in sandals had significantly (p < 0.05) higher force magnitudes, slower loading rates and larger vertical impulses than during barefoot walking. These kinetic differences were partly due to individuals' significantly greater effective mass when walking in sandals. Our results indicate that, in general, people tread more lightly when walking barefoot than in minimal footwear. Further research is needed to test if the variations in impact peaks generated by walking barefoot or in minimal shoes have consequences for musculoskeletal health.
The Role of BMI in Predicting Emotion-Driven Impulsivity and Sensitivity to Reward/Punishment in Over-Obese Adolescents

Adolescent obesity is a complex condition affected by neuro-biological, psychological, socio-cultural and environmental factors. The role of brain reward mechanisms and associated personality traits are of growing interest in eating behavior and obesity literature. However, the findings are inconsistent. The present study aimed to examine the link betweenbody mass index (BMI) and personality factors including sensitivity to reward/punishment (SR/SP) and impulsivity in over-obese adolescents. Ninety-two adolescents, aged 12–18 years, classified as over-obese (n = 46) and normal weight (n = 46) participated in the study. Their sensitivity to reward/punishment and the trait impulsivity was assessed using Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) and UPPS-P Scale, respectively. Multistep hierarchical regression models were used to investigate the relative contribution of age, BMI andSR/SP on estimates of impulsivity.The BMI significantly predicted elevations in emotion-driven impulsivity (positive and negative urgency) in over-obese adolescents and SR was the main predictor of elevations in positive and negative urgency, and sensation seeking. Our findings demonstrate that increases in BMI are specifically associated with elevations in emotion-driven impulsivity.
Dyn Tail - Dynamically Tailored Deployment Engines for Cloud Applications

Shortening software release cycles increasingly becomes a critical competitive advantage, not exclusively for software vendors in the field of Web applications, mobile apps, and the Internet of Things. Today's users, customers, and other stakeholders expect quick responses to occurring issues and feature requests. DevOps and Cloud computing are two key paradigms to enable rapid, continuous deployment and delivery of applications utilizing automated software delivery pipelines. However, it is a highly complex and sophisticated challenge to implement such pipelines by installing, configuring, and integrating corresponding general-purpose deployment automation tooling. Therefore, we present a method in conjunction with a framework and implementation to dynamically generate tailored deployment engines for specific application stacks to deploy corresponding applications. Generated deployment engines are packaged in a portable manner to run them on various platforms and infrastructures. The core of our work is based on generating APIs for arbitrary deployment executables such as scripts and plans that perform different tasks in the automated deployment process. As a result, deployment tasks can be triggered through generated API endpoints, abstracting from lower-level, technical details of different deployment automation tooling.
Distributed interference-aware relay selection for IEEE 802.11 based cooperative networks

Cooperative communication has been recently proposed as a way to mitigate fading in wireless networks. Analytical results indicate that network performance improvement by cooperative communication heavily depends on selecting suitable relay nodes. Previous work on relay selection fails to consider the impact of inter-node interference among transmissions, which potentially results in a degradation of network performance. In this study, it is shown how the use of relay nodes may degrade rather than improve network performance (e.g. throughput) in scenarios where inter-node interference is not accounted for. In this approach, inter-node interference is embedded into our relay selection strategy through a newly proposed distributed interference-aware relay selection (DIRS) algorithm for IEEE 802.11-based wireless networks with multiple source–destination pairs. Under DIRS algorithm, each source–destination pair will select an optimal relay based on both the channel quality and the interference information, which can be obtained locally without the knowledge of topology information. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal and show that inter-node interference can be mitigated by optimising relay selection.
Guaranteed bandwidth using looped containers in temporally disjoint networks within the nostrum network on chip

In today's emerging network-on-chips, there is a need for different traffic classes with different quality-of-service guarantees. Within our NoC architecture nostrum, we have implemented a service of guaranteed bandwidth (GB), and latency, in addition to the already existing service of best-effort (BE) packet delivery. The guaranteed bandwidth is accessed via virtual circuits (VC). The VCs are implemented using a combination of two concepts that we call 'Looped Containers' and 'Temporally Disjoint Networks'. The looped containers are used to guarantee access to the network-independently of the current network load without dropping packets; and the TDNs are used in order to achieve several VCs, plus ordinary BE traffic, in the network. The TDNs are a consequence of the deflective routing policy used, and gives rise to an explicit time-division-multiplexing within the network. To prove our concept an HDL implementation has been synthesised and simulated. The cost in terms of additional hardware needed, as well as additional bandwidth is very low-less than 2 percent in both cases! Simulations showed that ordinary BE traffic is practically unaffected by the VCs.
Moisture management properties of wool/ polyester and wool/bamboo knitted fabrics for the sportswear base layer

This research seeks to investigate liquid moisture management properties of knitted fabrics of different wool/polyester and wool/bamboo blends of different ratios suitable for the base layer of sportswear. The fabrics were knitted in single jersey construction and their moisture management properties were assessed by using the Moisture Management Tester. Blending wool with polyester or wool with bamboo has improved moisture management properties of the fabrics in comparison to 100% wool and 100% bamboo fabrics. Out of nine fabrics studied, five fabrics were classified as moisture management fabrics that are suitable for the base layer of active sportswear.