Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A very small broadband CPW-fed circular polarized antenna with two semicircles etched on ground plane

In this paper, a very small broadband circularly polarized planar antenna fed by coplanar waveguide is designed and fabricated. The antenna is composed of a beveled rectangular radiator patch, a square patch, two inverted L-shaped grounded strip lines, and two semicircles etched on ground. Additionally, to realize the circular polarization a new structure including two semicircles etched on ground and two inverted L-shaped grounded strip lines at the corner is introduced. The proposed antenna has a very small size of 15 × 15 mm2 that covers the measured impedance bandwidth (S11 < −10 dB) of 113.17% from 3.31 GHz to 13.1 GHz with axial ratio bandwidth of 36.31% from 4.51 GHz to 6.55 GHz for WLAN frequency band. The average gain of the antenna is almost 3.1 dBi within the axial ratio bandwidth.
Energy-efficient spectram access for ultra low power sensor networks

This paper investigates a dynamic spectrum access (DSA) scheme for ultra low power sensor networks (ULPSN) in an open spectrum where multiple systems coexist and interfere with each other. Low transmission power and simple communication protocol are significant obstacles for ULPSN to operate in the open spectrum. The DSA has been researched to solve this problem by assuming that coexisting systems can perfectly detect each other. However, this assumption is limited for ULPSN because detection of ULPSN in coexisting system is difficult due to sensitivity limitation of spectrum sensing. As a result, available spectrum is more scarce for ULP system than other coexisting systems. Thus, we derive a new Markov chain model of open spectrum access. Based on the Markov chain mode, we design a DSA scheme to maximize the energy efficiency and investigate the channel access and switch policy of the proposed DSA within the framework of partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DSA scheme yields improved energy efficiency and lifetime compared to a random channel selection for ULPSN.
Photosynthate partitioning and fermentation in hot spring microbial mat communities

Patterns of (sup14)CO(inf2) incorporation into molecular components of the thermophilic cyanobacterial mat communities inhabiting hot springs located in Yellowstone National Park and Synechococcus sp. strain C1 were investigated. Exponentially growing Synechococcus sp. strain C1 partitioned the majority of incorporated (sup14)CO(inf2) into protein, low-molecular-weight metabolites, and lipid fractions (45, 22, and 18% of total incorporated carbon, respectively). In contrast, mat cores from various hot springs predominantly accumulated polyglucose during periods of illumination (between 77 and 85% of total incorporated (sup14)CO(inf2)). Although photosynthetically active, mat photoautotrophs do not appear to be rapidly growing, since we also detected only limited synthesis of macromolecules associated with growth (i.e., protein and rRNA). To test the hypothesis that polysaccharide reserves are fermented in situ under the dark anaerobic conditions cyanobacterial mats experience at night, mat cores were prelabeled with (sup14)CO(inf2) under illuminated conditions and then transferred to dark anaerobic conditions. Radiolabel in the polysaccharide fraction decreased by 74.7% after 12 h, of which 58.5% was recovered as radiolabeled acetate, CO(inf2), and propionate. These results indicate tightly coupled carbon fixation and fermentative processes and the potential for significant transfer of carbon from primary producers to heterotrophic members of these cyanobacterial mat communities.
How Exporters Grow

We use customs data for Irish firms to show that in successful episodes of export market entry, there are statistically and economically significant post-entry dynamics of quantities, but not of mark-ups. To match these moments, we structurally estimate a model where firms can invest in future customer base through two channels: by selling more today, and by spending on marketing and advertising. Our estimates suggest that customer base is insensitive to lagged sales, so firms have no incentive to engage in dynamic pricing to accumulate customers. Instead, investment in customer base through marketing and advertising explains the dynamics of quantities. The ratio of advertising and marketing expenditures to sales implied by the model is consistent with data from other sources. Our estimated model generates long-run export responses to permanent tariff changes that are bigger than short run responses, as well as responses that are increasing in the expected persistence of tariff shocks, contributing to our understanding of the International Elasticity Puzzle.
Reverse Methionine Biosynthesis fromS-Adenosylmethionine in Eukaryotic Cells*

The intracellular ratio between methionine and its activated form S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) is of crucial importance for the one-carbon metabolism. AdoMet recycling into methionine was believed to be largely achieved through the methyl and the thiomethyladenosine cycles. We show here that in yeast, AdoMet recycling actually occurs mainly through the direct AdoMet-dependent remethylation of homocysteine. Compelling evidences supporting this result were obtained owing to the identification and functional characterization of two new genes,SAM4 and MHT1, that encode the yeast AdoMet-homocysteine methyltransferase andS-methylmethionine-homocysteine methyltransferase, respectively. Homologs of the Sam4 and Mht1 proteins exist in other eucaryotes, indicating that such enzymes would be universal and not restricted to the bacterial or fungal kingdoms. New pathways for AdoMet or S-methylmethionine-dependent methionine synthesis are presented.
Palliative care teams: Effective through moral reflection

Working as a multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary team is an essential condition to provide good palliative care. This widespread assumption is based on the idea that teamwork makes it possible to address the various needs of the patient and family more effectively. This article is about teamwork and about the effectiveness of teams working in palliative care. First, the nature of teamwork will be highlighted. Second, attention will be paid to team effectiveness; what exactly is team effectiveness and with what parameters can it be measured? Third, the nature of moral reflection and moral deliberation in palliative care will be highlighted. A concrete process of moral deliberation will be described. In conclusion, we shall argue that the capacity for moral reflection is a feature of a team working effectively.
Lysogenic conversion of staphylococcal lipase is caused by insertion of the bacteriophage L54a genome into the lipase structural gene

Staphylococcus aureus PS54 manifests no lipase (geh) activity. This is due to the insertion of bacteriophage L54a DNA into the geh structural gene. The nucleotide sequence of this 2,968-base-pair DNA fragment was determined. Lipase deduced from the nucleotide sequence is a polypeptide of 690 amino acids which extends from nucleotide 706 to 2776.
Response of human osteoblasts to implant materials: Integrin‐mediated adhesion

The initial interaction of the human osteoblast‐like cell line Saos‐2 with orthopaedic implant materials was analyzed to determine the mechanism by which these cells adhere to implant surfaces. Saos‐2 cells were allowed to attach to disks composed of the orthopaedic implant materials Tivanium (Ti6A14V) and Zimaloy (CoCrMo) and to control disks of glass and plastic. Serum had no effect on the number of cells that attached to Tivanium and Zimaloy at 4 or 24 hours but did increase the number of cells that attached to glass at 24 hours. Collagen synthesis was determined by [3H]proline incorporation into collagenase‐digestible protein and noncollagen protein. A significant increase of 19% was found for collagen synthesized in cells cultured on Zimaloy for 24 hours compared with glass, with no differences on Tivanium and plastic. However, collagenase‐digestible protein and noncollagen protein were increased the most (204 and 198%, respectively) on Tivanium compared with glass. To determine if integrins were involved in cell attachment to implant materials, the peptide GRGDSP (Gly‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser‐Pro), which blocks integrin receptors through the Arg‐Gly‐Asp sequence, was added to the cells in serum‐free medium. This peptide inhibited cell adhesion by 28% on Tivanium and 40% on Zimaloy but had no effect on glass and plastic. The control peptide GRADSP (Gly‐Arg‐Ala‐Asp‐Ser‐Pro) had no effect on adhesion. Inhibition of protein synthesis and enzymatic removal of surface proteins did not affect the ability of Arg‐Gly‐Asp peptides to inhibit cell attachment to the implant materials. These results suggest that integrins are able to bind directly to Tivanium and Zimaloy. Western blot analysis of integrin protein demonstrated changes in many integrin subunits, depending on the substrate to which cells affached. In particular, the β1 integrin subunit was increased 3.8 to 9.5‐fold at 24 hours. To determine specifically which integrins may be involved in adhesion, antibodies to integrins were added. An antibody to the fibronectin receptor. α5β1, significantly inhibited binding of cells to Tivanium by 63% and to Zimaloy by 49% and had no effect on glass. The vitronectin receptor antibody, αvβ3/β5, did not alter cell adhesion. In conclusion, osteoblast‐like cells appear to be capable of attaching directly to implant materials through integrins. The type of substrate determines which integrins and extracellular matrix proteins are expressed by osteoblasts. These data provide information on how implant materials may affect osteoblast differentiation and bone growth.
A Class of 1-Bit Multi-Step Look-Ahead $\Sigma $ - $\Delta $ Modulators

Digital Multi-Step Look-Ahead (MSLA) 1-bit <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> modulators are introduced. They improve upon the stability and noise shaping characteristics of conventional 1-bit <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> modulators by minimizing quantization error metrics of the current and future output samples. The mathematical model of the proposed MSLA modulators is analyzed. It is shown that the MSLA modulators are equivalent to a system of conventional <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> modulators in parallel, but with a common multi-input 1-bit quantizer instead of a typical one. The properties of this multi-input quantizer are studied and the transfer functions of the MSLA modulators are derived. Simulation results are presented demonstrating the advantages of the MSLA modulators over conventional 1-bit <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> ones in a number of applications. A parametric hardware architecture of the MSLA modulators is presented offering an adjustable trade-off between performance and hardware complexity based on the number of look-ahead steps. Finally, a FPGA implementation of a MSLA modulator is presented along with simulation results.
Symmetry and Collective Fluctuations in Evolutionary Games

In this monograph we bring together a conceptual treatment of evolutionary dynamics and a path-ensemble approach to non-equilibrium stochastic processes. Our framework is evolutionary game theory, in which the map from individual types and their interactions to the fitness that determines their evolutionary success is modeled as a game played among agents in the population. Our approach, however, is not anchored either in analogy to play or in motivations to interpret particular interactions as games. Rather, we argue that games are a flexible and reasonably generic framework to capture, classify and analyze the processes in development and some forms of inter-agent interaction that lie behind arbitrary frequency-dependent fitness models.
New insight into the phylogeny of Sinonovacula (Bivalvia: Solecurtidae) revealed by comprehensive DNA barcoding analyses of two mitochondrial genes

Abstract The present study was undertaken to clarify the genetic relationships of Sinonovacula through comprehensive DNA barcoding analyses of COI and 16S rRNA genes. For both genes, the K2P distances between individuals of Sinonovacula and individuals of other genera belonging to Tellinoidea were much bigger than those between Sinonovacula and genera of Solenoidea. On the Bayesian tree of combined data, Sinonovacula and Cultellus formed a well supports monophylic clade. An extremely high matching rate of CAs between Sinonovacula and the reference family Cultellidae was found. Thus, we suggest transferring Sinonovacula from Solecurtidae to Cultellidae, as a sister group of Cultellus.
Path selection for delay testing of deep sub-micron devices using statistical performance sensitivity analysis

The performance of deep sub-micron designs can be affected by various parametric variations, manufacturing defects, noise or even modeling errors that are all statistical in nature. In order to capture the effects of these statistical variations on circuit performance, we incorporate statistical information in timing analysis to compute the performance sensitivity of internal signals subject to a given type of defect, noise or variation sources. We further propose a novel path and segment selection methodology for delay testing based on the results of statistical performance sensitivity analysis. The objective of path/segment selection is to identify a small set of paths and segments such that the delay tests for the selected paths/segments guarantee the detection of performance failure caused by the target type of defect, noise or variation source. This new path selection methodology defines a new path/segment searching paradigm for detecting delay faults in deep sub-micron devices.
Hospital-Acquired, Laboratory-Confirmed Bloodstream Infection: Increased Hospital Stay and Direct Costs

Objectives: To determine increased hospital stay and direct costs attributable to hospital-acquired, laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (BSI), and to evaluate the matching variable length of stay (LOS). Design: Retrospective (historical) cohort study with 1:2 matching in intensive care units and surgical wards. Setting: A 2,000-bed university hospital in Rome, Italy. Patients: All patients admitted between January 1994 and June 1995 who had hospital-acquired, laboratory-confirmed BSI were considered cases; all others were eligible as controls. Methods: Two controls (A and B) were selected per case in a stepwise fashion. Controls in group A were selected according to the following six criteria: ward, gender, age, diagnosis, central venous catheter, and LOS equal to the interval from admission to infection in a matched case ± 20% (LOS ± 20%). Controls in group B were selected according to the first five criteria, but excluded LOS ± 20%. Results: One hundred five of 108 patients were each matched with two controls. The matching appropriateness score was greater than 90%. With the use of controls in groups A and B, the case-fatality rates attributable to hospital-acquired, laboratory-confirmed BSI were 35.2% and 40.9%, respectively; the estimated risk ratios for death were 2.60 and 3.52 (P = .0001), respectively. The increased hospital stay per case attributable to hospital-acquired, laboratory-confirmed BSI was 19.1 (mean) and 13.0 (median) days for matched pairs in control group A and 19.9 (mean) and 15.0 (median) days for matched pairs in control group B. With controls in group A, the cost of increased hospital stay per patient attributable to hospital-acquired, laboratory-confirmed BSI was Euro 15,413. The additional cost per patient due to treatment was Euro 943, making the overall direct cost Euro 16,356 per case. Conclusions: This study should make it possible to estimate the cost of hospital-acquired, laboratory-confirmed BSI in most hospitals after adjusting for incidence rate. It also confirmed the use of LOS ± 20% as a matching variable to limit overestimation of increased hospital stay. To our knowledge, this is among the first such studies in Europe.
Neuropsychological Evaluation of Deficits in Executive Functioning for ADHD Children With or Without Learning Disabilities

This study investigates multiple aspects of executive functioning in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These areas include attentional components, impulsiveness, planning, and problem solving. The rationale of the study is based on neurophysiological studies that suggest frontal lobe dysfunction in ADHD. As frontal lobe functioning is related to abilities in executive control, ADHD is hypothesised to be associated with deficits in various areas of executive functioning. The specific effect of comorbidity of learning disability (LD) was also investigated. Eighty-three children with ADHD and 29 age-matched controls (age 7-13) participated in the study. A battery of neuropsychological tests was utilized to evaluate specific deficits in speed of processing, selective attention, switching attention, sustained attention, attentional capacity, impulsiveness, planning and problem solving. Findings indicated that children with ADHD have slower verbal responses and sustained attention deficit. Deficits in selective attention and attentional capacity observed were largely related to the presence of LD. No specific deficit associated with ADHD or the comorbidity of LD was identified in switching attention, impulsiveness, planning, and problem solving. These results revealed that ADHD is not associated with a general deficit in executive functioning. Instead, ADHD is related to a specific deficit in regulation for attentional resources. The importance of isolating the deficit related to LDs for examining the specific deficit associated with ADHD is highlighted. Results also emphasised the importance of isolating the effect of lower level of abilities (e.g., speed of processing) and the utilization of specific definition for the examination of executive functions.
Realistic simulation scenario for hybrid LTE/IEEE 802.11p vehicular communication

In this paper, a top-down approach to create a realistic simulation scenario for joint IEEE 802.11p and Long Term Evolution (LTE) performance evaluations is presented. Applying this approach, a scenario suited for both link and system level simulations based on the city of Doha, Qatar is developed. The scenario allows the investigation of different usecases considered for future intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). Preliminary simulation results for IEEE 802.11p and LTE are presented for one particular area.
Theoretical model for nanoporous carbon supercapacitors.

The unprecedented anomalous increase in capacitance of nanoporous carbon supercapacitors at pore sizes smaller than 1 nm [Science 2006, 313, 1760. ] challenges the long-held presumption that pores smaller than the size of solvated electrolyte ions do not contribute to energy storage. We propose a heuristic model to replace the commonly used model for an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) on the basis of an electric double-cylinder capacitor (EDCC) for mesopores (2 {50 nm pore size), which becomes an electric wire-in-cylinder capacitor (EWCC) for micropores (< 2 nm pore size). Our analysis of the available experimental data in the micropore regime is confirmed by 1st principles density functional theory calculations and reveals significant curvature effects for carbon capacitance. The EDCC (and/or EWCC) model allows the supercapacitor properties to be correlated with pore size, specific surface area, Debye length, electrolyte concentration and dielectric constant, and solute ion size. The new model not only explains the experimental data, but also offers a practical direction for the optimization of the properties of carbon supercapacitors through experiments.
Nephrotoxicity due to cephaloridine: a light- and electron-microscopic study in rabbits.

Experience with the antimicrobial cephaloridine has suggested that this agent may be nephrotoxic. Acute tubular necrosis following administration of cephaloridine has been reported in humans [1? 3], and a significant increase in the excretion of urinary casts [4] as well as a decrease in free water clearance has been observed in patients receiving the drug (M. Turck and A. Ronald, unpublished results). In addition, laboratory animals may develop renal injury when challenged with cephaloridine [5]. For example, within 24 hr following administration of 200 mg/kg of the drug, rabbits and monkeys develop reduced glomerular filtration rates and significant proteinuria and glycosuria [6]. Previous attempts to delineate the site and morphologic appearance of the lesion produced by cephaloridine have been restricted by the method employed for preservation of renal tissue. Atkinson et al. [5] observed, in tissue obtained at autopsy from mice, that the first evidence of renal injury was dilatation of proximal tubules, which occurred within 12 hr of treatment with cephaloridine. Within 16 hr, necrosis of proximal tubules
An empirical exploration of data quality in DNA‐based population inventories

I present data from 21 population inventory studies — 20 of them on bears — that relied on the noninvasive collection of hair, and review the methods that were used to prevent genetic errors in these studies. These methods were designed to simultaneously minimize errors (which can bias estimates of abundance) and per‐sample analysis effort (which can reduce the precision of estimates by limiting sample size). A variety of approaches were used to probe the reliability of the empirical data, producing a mean, per‐study estimate of no more than one undetected error in either direction (too few or too many individuals identified in the laboratory). For the type of samples considered here (plucked hair samples), the gain or loss of individuals in the laboratory can be reduced to a level that is inconsequential relative to the more universal sources of bias and imprecision that can affect mark–recapture studies, assuming that marker systems are selected according to stated guidelines, marginal samples are excluded at an early stage, similar pairs of genotypes are scrutinized, and laboratory work is performed with skill and care.
Моделирование динамики новостных текстовых потоков

В поведении текстовых информационных потоков, порождаемых в сети Интернет, наблюдаются две тенденции: постоянный рост объемов и усложнение динамической структуры. В связи с этим становится актуальной проблема моделирования динамики информационных потоков. Именно этому вопросу была посвящена данная работа. Приводятся как теоретические выводы, так и результаты экспериментального анализа динамики информационных потоков, обрабатываемыми в рамках технологии контент-мониторинга InfoStream.