Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Continuous chloroprocaine infusion for thoracic and caudal epidurals as a postoperative analgesia modality in neonates, infants, and children

Neonates and infants have decreased metabolic capacity for amide local anesthetics and increased risk of local anesthetic toxicity compared to the general population. Chloroprocaine is an ester local anesthetic that has an extremely short plasma half‐life in infants as well as adults. Existing reports support the safety and efficacy of continuous chloroprocaine epidural infusions in neonates and young infants during the intraoperative period. Despite this, continuous chloroprocaine epidural infusion may be an under‐utilized method of postoperative analgesia for this patient population. In particular, it may improve pain control in neonates and infants with incisions stretching many dermatomes or those with hepatic impairment.
Use of Cuckoo Filters with FD.io VPP for Software IPv6 Routing Lookup

The filter technologies, e.g., Bloom filters, have been used for IP lookup for their compactness and efficiency. We investigate the performance of cuckoo filters with Cisco's VPP (Vector Packet Processing) for IP lookup. We also introduce a variant called a length-aware cuckoo filter that treats incoming IP addresses discriminatively, and study its performance with VPP. As proof-of-concept, we implement cuckoo filters with VPP, and test them on both functions and performance with focus on the ip6-input node in VPP.
Local Suppression of Epileptiform Activity by Electrical Stimulation in Rat Hippocampus In Vitro

High frequency electrical stimulation of deep brain structures (DBS) has been effective at controlling abnormal neuronal activity in Parkinson's patients and is now being applied for the treatment of pharmacologically intractable epilepsy. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of DBS are unknown. In particular, the effect of the electrical stimulation on neuronal firing remains poorly understood. Previous reports have showed that uniform electric fields with both AC (continuous sinusoidal) or DC waveforms could suppress epileptiform activity in vitro. In the present study, we tested the effects of monopolar electrode stimulation and low‐duty cycle AC stimulation protocols, which more closely approximate those used clinically, on three in vitro epilepsy models. Continuous sinusoidal stimulation, 50 % duty‐cycle sinusoidal stimulation, and low (1.68 %) duty‐cycle pulsed stimulation (120 μs, 140 Hz) could completely suppress spontaneous low‐Ca2+ epileptiform activity with average thresholds of 71.11 ± 26.16 μA, 93.33 ± 12.58 μA and 300 ± 100 μA, respectively. Continuous sinusoidal stimulation could also completely suppress picrotoxin‐ and high‐K+‐induced epileptiform activity with either uniform or localized fields. The suppression generated by the monopolar electrode was localized to a region surrounding the stimulation electrode. Potassium concentration and transmembrane potential recordings showed that AC stimulation was associated with an increase in extracellular potassium concentration and neuronal depolarization block; AC stimulation efficacy was not orientation‐selective. In contrast, DC stimulation blocked activity by membrane hyperpolarization and was orientation‐selective, but had a lower threshold for suppression.
Disruption of the endocytic protein HIP1 results in neurological deficits and decreased AMPA receptor trafficking

Huntingtin interacting protein 1 (HIP1) is a recently identified component of clathrin‐coated vesicles that plays a role in clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. To explore the normal function of HIP1 in vivo, we created mice with targeted mutation in the HIP1 gene (HIP1−/−). HIP1−/− mice develop a neurological phenotype by 3 months of age manifest with a failure to thrive, tremor and a gait ataxia secondary to a rigid thoracolumbar kyphosis accompanied by decreased assembly of endocytic protein complexes on liposomal membranes. In primary hippocampal neurons, HIP1 colocalizes with GluR1‐containing AMPA receptors and becomes concentrated in cell bodies following AMPA stimulation. Moreover, a profound dose‐dependent defect in clathrin‐mediated internalization of GluR1‐containing AMPA receptors was observed in neurons from HIP1−/− mice. Together, these data provide strong evidence that HIP1 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking in the central nervous system through its function in clathrin‐mediated endocytosis.
Highly heterologous region in the N-terminal extracellular domain of reptilian follitropin receptors.

The primary structure of the N-terminal extracellular region of the follitropin receptor (FSH-R), which is thought to be responsible for hormone binding specificity, was determined in three reptilian species (tortoise, gecko, and lizard). Remarkably low sequence homologies were detected in the C-terminal part of the extracellular domain. This region was estimated to be a part of exon 10, which is the last exon of the FSH-R gene. In this region, not only were low homologies detected among the three reptilian species, but also specific deletions and/or insertions were found. In particular, large deletions were detected in squamate (gecko and lizard) FSH-Rs. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these large deletions occurred recently, i.e., after the Triassic period. In another region characterized, sequence homologies were high, with tortoise-rat homology 78.4%, gecko-rat 64.7%, and lizard-rat 69.1%. In this highly conserved region, however, some reptile-specific alterations were detected, such as the loss of a cysteine residue in putative exon 7 and the existence of potential N-linked glycosylation sites in putative exon 9.
Transformation of rodent cells by DNA extracted from transformation-defective adenovirus mutants

Complementation group II host range mutants of adenovirus type 5 which map in early region 1B (E1B, 4.5 to 11.0 map units) have been shown to be defective for the synthesis of the E1B 58,000-dalton (58K) antigen in infections of HeLa or KB cells (Lassam et al., Cell 18:781-791, 1979) and unable to transform cultured rodent cells (Graham et al., Virology 86:10-21, 1978). In this report we show that DNA extracted from group II mutants hr6 and hr50 can transform rat cells with the same efficiency as wild-type DNA. Furthermore, group II mutant-transformed hamster cells were shown to contain no detectable E1B 58K tumor antigen but were capable of inducing tumors in newborn hamsters. Hamster cell lines 1019-3 and 1019-C3, transformed by hr50 DNA, produced no detectable quantities of either the E1B 58K or 19K antigen but nonetheless exhibited a fully transformed oncogenic phenotype. Our results show that the E1B 58K antigen is not absolutely required for oncogenic transformation and suggest that even cells lacking the 19K protein can be oncogenic.
Optimal allocation and sizing of multiple distributed generators in distribution networks using a novel hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm

Optimal Integration of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution grid is one of the important and effective options. Optimal allocation with a suitable sizing of DG units play efficient role in reducing operating cost and power losses in additional to improving voltage stability which are considered in optimization objective function. In this paper, a new effective and powerful optimization algorithm is produced. A novel hybrid particle swarm (HPSO) with Quasi-Newton (QN) algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of DG location and sizing distribution systems satisfying the operation constraints. In this paper, two stages are introduced. First, the loss sensitivity analysis is employed to select the most appropriate candidate DG placement. Then, a novel hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) algorithm is implemented to find optimal sizing of DGs and their settings from the selected buses. The proposed algorithm has been tested on 33-bus, and 69-bus IEEE standard radial distribution systems under multi distributed generator types. In order to validate the proposed approach, the obtained results have been compared with other algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Algorithm (PSO), Novel combined Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization (GA/PSO), Simulation Annealing Algorithm (SA), and Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA). The numerical results have been proved the capability with good performance of the proposed approach to find the optimal solutions. Numerical results have been obtained by MATLAB package.
The mental health of Australian mothers and fathers of young children at risk of disability

Objectives: To: (1) determine the strength of the relationship between risk of child disability and parental mental health in a nationally representative sample of Australian families with young children; (2) estimate the contribution of distress among parents of children at risk of disability to overall parental psychiatric morbidity; and (3) explore the extent to which between‐group differences in parental mental health may be attributable to differences in exposure to other risk factors.
Dbest1, a drosophila homolog of human bestrophin, is not required for viability or photoreceptor integrity

Summary: Best macular dystrophy (BMD) is an autosomal dominant human disease characterized by macular degeneration with juvenile onset (OMIM 153700). The disease is most often associated with mutations in Bestrophin, which encodes a novel protein with four putative transmembrane domains. However, complete loss‐of‐function mutations in Bestrophin have not been reported in humans or mice. We have identified three homologs of human Bestrophin in the Drosophila genome (dbest1‐3). The protein products of these three genes share significant homology to a 364 amino acid N‐terminal domain of human Bestrophin. We used P‐element mutagenesis to delete dbest1, which encodes a protein with the highest amino acid similarity to Bestrophin. Three independent dbest1 mutants were recovered from the mutagenesis screen. Homozygous null mutations in dbest1 do not significantly alter the viability or fertility of mutant flies. Moreover, dbest1 mutants have normal photoreceptor morphology and function. genesis 31:130–136, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Automatic and Threshold-Free Performance Evaluation System for Building Extraction Techniques From Airborne LIDAR Data

Some performance evaluation systems for building extraction techniques are manual in the sense that only visual results are provided or human judgment is employed. Many evaluation systems that employ one or more thresholds to ascertain whether an extracted building or roof plane is correct are subjective and cannot be applied in general. There are only a small number of automatic and threshold-free evaluation systems, but these do not necessarily consider all special cases, e.g., when over- and under-segmentation occurs during the extraction of roof planes. This paper proposes an automatic and threshold-free evaluation system that offers robust object-based evaluation of building extraction techniques. It makes one-to-one correspondences between extracted and reference entities using the maximum overlaps. Its application to the evaluation of a building extraction technique shows that it estimates different performance indicators including segmentation errors. Consequently, it can be employed for bias-free evaluation of other techniques whose outputs consist of polygonal entities.
Mechanistic Studies of the Autoactivation of PAK2

Protein kinase activation, via autophosphorylation of the activation loop, is a common regulatory mechanism in phosphorylation-dependent signaling cascades. Despite the prevalence of this reaction and its importance in biological regulation, the molecular mechanisms of autophosphorylation are poorly understood. In this study, we developed a kinetic approach to distinguish quantitatively between cis- and trans-pathways in an autocatalytic reaction. Using this method, we have undertaken a detailed kinetic analysis for the autoactivation mechanism of p21-activated protein kinase 2 (PAK2). PAK2 is regulated in vivo and in vitro by small GTP-binding proteins, Cdc42 and Rac. Full activation of PAK2 requires autophosphorylation of the conserved threonine, Thr402, in the activation loop of its catalytic kinase domain. Analyses of the time courses of substrate reaction during PAK2 autoactivation suggest that autophosphorylation of Thr402 in PAK2 obeys a two-step mechanism of cis initiation, followed by trans amplification. The unphosphorylated PAK2 undergoes an intramolecular (cis) autophosphorylation on Thr402 to produce phosphorylated PAK2, and this newly formed active PAK2 then phosphorylates other PAK2 molecules at Thr402 in an intermolecular (trans) manner. Based on the kinetic equation derived, all microscopic kinetic constants for the cis and trans autophosphorylation have been estimated quantitatively. The advantage of the new method is not only its usefulness in the study of fast activation reactions, but its convenience in the study of substrate effects on modification reaction. It would be particularly useful when the regulatory mechanism of the autophosphorylation reaction toward certain enzymes is being assessed.
Coherent Source Localization: Bicomplex Polarimetric Smoothing with Electromagnetic Vector-Sensors

The work presented here considers coherent source localization with bicomplex. A new polarimetric smoothing variant is proposed by using bicomplex modeled subarrays obtained from complete electromagnetic vector-sensor array, and a MUSIC-like algorithm is further developed. The identifiability, computational complexity, and the choice of selection vectors for the proposed method are also addressed. Simulations show that the proposed method can provide better direction-of-arrival estimates than the complex methods in perturbations caused by noise, short data, and model errors.
Exploring self-talk and affective states in sport

In this study, we examined (1) the relationship between self-talk and affect and (2) the nature of motivating self-talk. Ninety high-school athletes completed the Affect Grid and the Self-Talk Grid before practice and competition. Significant positive second-order partial correlations of low to moderate strength offered support for a relationship between self-talk and affect. In addition, significant positive second-order partial correlations of moderate strength were found for a relationship between negative-positive self-talk and demotivating-motivating self-talk. An examination of scatter plots indicated that some athletes rated their self-talk as negative as well as being motivational. These findings lend support to the suggestion that negative self-talk may motivate some athletes.
Reliability-aware cross-layer custom instruction screening

Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) and process variation introduce remarkable unpredictability to Custom Instructions (CIs) manufactured at nano-scale technology. Moreover, shrinking the feature size to nanometer levels makes soft error another critical issue of CIs. To tackle these factors, we propose a reliability-aware cross-layer CI screening method. By adding an intermediate phase between the CI generation and CI selection phases, this method enables designers to prune the outputs of the generation phase in order to guarantee that synthesized CIs meet the required reliability constraints. For this purpose, a holistic framework is developed to analyze the combined effects of the BTI and process variation as well as the soft error on the CIs by making a link between circuit-level and system-level information. Based on this information collected from different layers of abstraction, the screening method prunes those CIs which cannot meet the reliability constraints. Experiments illustrate that BTI-unaware CI selection techniques may not meet the desired lifetime because of BTI-induced delay shift of CIs. Moreover, according to the results, a remarkable percentage of CIs is vulnerable to soft error and should not be fed into CI selection phase.
Knowledge structuring and reuse system design using RDF for creating a market of data

The potential expectation has been increased about generating innovative businesses and creating values by combining data from different regions across organizations and sectors. In order to lead a utilization of data or data-driven innovation, it is necessary to create a market of data. Innovators Marketplace on Data Jackets (IMDJ) is the workshop-styled game for innovative collaboration, discovering the value of data by combining existent data, which support human creativity toward innovations and activate a market of data. A Data Jackets is a summary of a dataset. Even if data itself is not open, by publishing Data Jacket, it is possible to consider the latent value of the dataset through the creative communication among stakeholders. In this study, we create a database and a system for encouraging effective extraction and reuse of knowledge by converting Data Jackets, utilization of data (solutions) and social issues (requirements) into structured knowledge with RDF. By connecting different types of datasets (Data Jackets, solutions, and requirements), we design the interface to help users extract accurate information for decision making.
A Critical Review of Dynamic Taint Analysis and Forward Symbolic Execution

In this note, we describe a critical review of the paper titled “All you wanted to know about dynamics taint analysis and forward symbolic execution (but may have been afraid to ask)” [1]. We analyze the paper using Paul Elder critical thinking framework [2]. We start with a summary of the paper and motivation behind the research work described in [1]. Then we evaluate the study with respect to the universal intellectual standards of [2]. We find that the paper provides a good survey of the existing techniques and algorithms used for security analysis. It explains them using the theoretical framework of operational runtime semantics. However in some places the paper can do a better job in highlighting what new insights or heuristics can be gained from a runtime semantics formulation. The paper fails to convince the reader how such an intricate understanding of operational semantics of a new generic language SimpIL helps in advancing the state of the art in dynamic taint analysis and forward symbolic execution. We also found that the Paul Elder critical thinking framework is a useful technique to reason about and analyze research papers.
Whole-body insulin sensitivity, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size, and oxidized LDL in overweight, nondiabetic men.

Insulin resistance is often accompanied by elevated plasma triglycerides (TG) and a preponderance of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. However, it remains unclear whether or not insulin resistance is related to LDL particle size, independent of plasma TG. We sought to determine the strength of the relationships among these variables in a group of overweight, nondiabetic men (N = 34; body mass index [BMI], 25 to 35 kg/m(2); age, 50 to 75 years), as well as to examine the possible relation between insulin sensitivity and oxidized LDL (oxLDL). We also examined the strength of the relationships between these lipid variables and estimates of insulin sensitivity using calculated indices based on fasting insulin and glucose concentrations. Insulin sensitivity (Si) was significantly associated with total TG (r = -0.61, P <.001), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG (r = -0.60, P <.001), and LDL size (r =.414, P <.05). LDL size was also significantly associated with TG (r = -0.73, P <.001), VLDL-TG (r = -0.73, P <.001), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (r = 0.65, P <.001), the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (rho = 0.46, P <.01), and the homeostatic model for the assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (rho = -0.45, P <.01). Si was a significant predictor of LDL size, with age and BMI also independent contributors to the variance in LDL size (R(2) = 0.172). However, when TG and HDL-C were added to the model, Si was no longer a significant predictor of LDL size. The correlation between Si and oxLDL was weak, but stastically significant (rho = -0.40, P =.02). These data suggest that the relation between Si and LDL size is largely mediated by plasma TG, and that Si is only weakly related to oxLDL in overweight, nondiabetic men.
Effects of Antenna Switching on Band-Limited Spatial Modulation

In this letter, we investigate the effects of antenna switching on band-limited spatial modulation (SM), where the employment of an SM-specific practical time-limited shaping filter is taken into account. More specifically, we evaluate the SM scheme's performance penalty imposed on a bandwidth efficiency, which arises due to the time-limited pulse transmissions. Furthermore, to combat this limitation while maintaining lower RF chains than transmit antenna elements, we propose a multiple-RF antenna switching operation that allows us to exploit a longer pulse shape than that enabled by a single-RF SM scheme. It is demonstrated in our simulations that upon increasing the number of transmit antenna elements, the SM scheme is capable of outperforming the classic MIMO systems, under the assumptions of a low number of RF chains and realistic pulse shaping.
Genes associated with meningococcal capsule complex are also found in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A homolog of the meningococcal cps locus region E has been identified in Neisseria gonorrhoeae immediately upstream of the gonococcal region D locus. Region E has no detectable function in capsule biosynthesis in Neisseria meningitidis or in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in either organism. The open reading frame is homologous to proteins of unknown function in Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. Further analysis of the N. meningitidis cps cluster has identified a second copy of region D encoding three additional open reading frames, including homologs of DNA methyltransferases. The organization of the region D and E genes in N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis in relation to the cps genes provides some insight into the evolutionary origin of encapsulation in N. meningitidis.
Long-range Electrostatic Complementarity Governs Substrate Recognition by Human Chymotrypsin C, a Key Regulator of Digestive Enzyme Activation*

Background: Chymotrypsin C (CTRC) targets specific regulatory cleavage sites within trypsinogens and procarboxypeptidases. Results: The crystal structure of CTRC reveals the structural basis of substrate specificity. Conclusion: Long-range electrostatic and hydrophobic complementarity drives CTRC association with preferred substrates. Significance: The observations reveal the mechanistic basis for CTRC selectivity in digestive enzyme activation and degradation. Human chymotrypsin C (CTRC) is a pancreatic serine protease that regulates activation and degradation of trypsinogens and procarboxypeptidases by targeting specific cleavage sites within their zymogen precursors. In cleaving these regulatory sites, which are characterized by multiple flanking acidic residues, CTRC shows substrate specificity that is distinct from that of other isoforms of chymotrypsin and elastase. Here, we report the first crystal structure of active CTRC, determined at 1.9-Å resolution, revealing the structural basis for binding specificity. The structure shows human CTRC bound to the small protein protease inhibitor eglin c, which binds in a substrate-like manner filling the S6-S5′ subsites of the substrate binding cleft. Significant binding affinity derives from burial of preferred hydrophobic residues at the P1, P4, and P2′ positions of CTRC, although acidic P2′ residues can also be accommodated by formation of an interfacial salt bridge. Acidic residues may also be specifically accommodated in the P6 position. The most unique structural feature of CTRC is a ring of intense positive electrostatic surface potential surrounding the primarily hydrophobic substrate binding site. Our results indicate that long-range electrostatic attraction toward substrates of concentrated negative charge governs substrate discrimination, which explains CTRC selectivity in regulating active digestive enzyme levels.