Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regional but not global brain damage contributes to fatigue in multiple sclerosis.

PURPOSE To use magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and advanced analysis to assess the role of lesions in normal-appearing white matter ( NAWM normal-appearing white matter ) and gray matter ( GM gray matter ) damage, global versus regional damage, and atrophy versus microstructural abnormalities in the pathogenesis of fatigue in multiple sclerosis ( MS multiple sclerosis ). MATERIALS AND METHODS Local ethics committee approval and written informed consent were obtained. Dual-echo, double inversion-recovery, high-resolution T1-weighted and diffusion-tensor ( DT diffusion tensor ) MR was performed in 31 fatigued patients, 32 nonfatigued patients, and 35 control subjects. Global and regional atrophy and DT diffusion tensor MR measures of damage to lesions, NAWM normal-appearing white matter , and GM gray matter were compared (analysis of variance). RESULTS Lesional, atrophy, and DT diffusion tensor MR measures of global damage to brain, white matter ( WM white matter ), and GM gray matter did not differ between fatigued and nonfatigued patients. Compared with nonfatigued patients and control subjects, fatigued patients experienced atrophy of the right side of the accumbens (mean volume ± standard deviation, 0.37 mL ± 0.09 in control subjects; 0.39 mL ± 0.1 in nonfatigued patients; and 0.33 mL ± 0.09 in fatigued patients), right inferior temporal gyrus ( ITG inferior temporal gyrus ) (Montreal Neurological Institute [ MNI Montreal Neurological Institute ] coordinates: 51, -51, -11; t value, 4.83), left superior frontal gyrus ( MNI Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates: -10, 49, 24; t value, 3.40), and forceps major ( MNI Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates: 11, -91, 18; t value, 3.37). They also had lower fractional anisotropy ( FA fractional anisotropy ) of forceps major ( MNI Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates: -17, -78, 6), left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus ( MNI Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates: -25, 2, -11), and right anterior thalamic radiation ( ATR anterior thalamic radiation ) ( MNI Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates: 11, 2, -6) (P < .05, corrected). More lesions were found at T2-weighted imaging in fatigued patients. Multivariable model was used to identify right ITG inferior temporal gyrus atrophy (odds ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [ CI confidence interval ]: 0.82, 0.97; P = .009) and right ATR anterior thalamic radiation FA fractional anisotropy (odds ratio, 0.74; 95% CI confidence interval : 0.61, 0.90; P = .003) as covariates independently associated with fatigue (C statistic, 0.85). CONCLUSION Damage to strategic brain WM white matter and GM gray matter regions, in terms of microstructural abnormalities and atrophy, contributes to pathogenesis of fatigue in MS multiple sclerosis , whereas global lesional, WM white matter , and GM gray matter damage does not seem to have a role.
Artificial intelligence for analyzing orthopedic trauma radiographs

Background and purpose — Recent advances in artificial intelligence (deep learning) have shown remarkable performance in classifying non-medical images, and the technology is believed to be the next technological revolution. So far it has never been applied in an orthopedic setting, and in this study we sought to determine the feasibility of using deep learning for skeletal radiographs. Methods — We extracted 256,000 wrist, hand, and ankle radiographs from Danderyd’s Hospital and identified 4 classes: fracture, laterality, body part, and exam view. We then selected 5 openly available deep learning networks that were adapted for these images. The most accurate network was benchmarked against a gold standard for fractures. We furthermore compared the network’s performance with 2 senior orthopedic surgeons who reviewed images at the same resolution as the network. Results — All networks exhibited an accuracy of at least 90% when identifying laterality, body part, and exam view. The final accuracy for fractures was estimated at 83% for the best performing network. The network performed similarly to senior orthopedic surgeons when presented with images at the same resolution as the network. The 2 reviewer Cohen’s kappa under these conditions was 0.76. Interpretation — This study supports the use for orthopedic radiographs of artificial intelligence, which can perform at a human level. While current implementation lacks important features that surgeons require, e.g. risk of dislocation, classifications, measurements, and combining multiple exam views, these problems have technical solutions that are waiting to be implemented for orthopedics.
Ultrasonic reflection mode computed tomography through a skullbone

An ultrasonic reflection-mode CT (computed tomography) method was applied to transskull imaging of the brain. The method involves only a single transducer and a single scan to acquire data from the object. In reconstruction an ordinary Fourier slice theorem is applied. The average velocity changes of ultrasound due to the skullbone can be compensated. In experiments the object immersed in water was scanned by a wide-angle transducer through the viewing angle of 360 degrees . When imaging through bone a simplified approach was used, in which a piece of skullbone (thickness 3-4 mm) was attached firmly to the transducer. For comparison, the same object was then imaged without the skullbone. A two-point resolution better than 3 mm was achieved for transskull imaging using 1 MHz ultrasound. The experiments with brain specimens show that transskull images compare well with the images of the same specimens obtained without the bone interference. The findings are clinically significant in terms of pediatric brain diagnosis and postoperative follow up. Based on the method, a clinical prototype imager is currently being developed especially for diagnosis of children's brain diseases. <<ETX>>
Measuring tissue deformation with interventional MR

Radiological Sciences, King’s College, London, U.K. Departments of Radiology and Surgery, University of Minnesota, U.S.A. Philips Medical Systems, Best, the Netherlands. The shape of the brain and the position of anatomical structures can change during neurosurgical procedures. Such changes can be due to to differences between the patient’s position in acquisition and during surgery, reduction in volume due to tissue resection or cyst drainage, changes in blood and extracellular fluid volumes, or loss of cerebrospinal fluid when the skull is opened. The amount of brain shift may be a centimeter or more [1].
Combining Generative and Discriminative Neural Networks for Sleep Stages Classification

Sleep stages pattern provides important clues in diagnosing the presence of sleep disorder. By analyzing sleep stages pattern and extracting its features from EEG, EOG, and EMG signals, we can classify sleep stages. This study presents a novel classification model for predicting sleep stages with a high accuracy. The main idea is to combine the generative capability of Deep Belief Network (DBN) with a discriminative ability and sequence pattern recognizing capability of Long Short-term Memory (LSTM). We use DBN that is treated as an automatic higher level features generator. The input to DBN is 28 "handcrafted" features as used in previous sleep stages studies. We compared our method with other techniques which combined DBN with Hidden Markov Model (HMM). In this study, we exploit the sequence or time series characteristics of sleep dataset. To the best of our knowledge, most of the present sleep analysis from polysomnogram relies only on single instanced label (nonsequence) for classification. In this study, we used two datasets: an open data set that is treated as a benchmark; the other dataset is our sleep stages dataset (available for download) to verify the results further. Our experiments showed that the combination of DBN with LSTM gives better overall accuracy 98.75\% (Fscore=0.9875) for benchmark dataset and 98.94\% (Fscore=0.9894) for MKG dataset. This result is better than the state of the art of sleep stages classification that was 91.31\%.
EvENTS IN EmERgINg TExT TyPES (eETTs)

This talk will present different social media monitoring, anaysis and response tools developed by Market Sentinel, emphasising where natural language processing is used to find content, identify topics and perform sentiment analysis. Real world examples will be used in order to exemplify how these techniques are used. The talk will also give insights into the next steps for commercially useful natural language processing.
ISOLATED MICROTUBULES

A recently developed technique for isolation of cell organelles, using the spreading forces of the Langmuir trough to break open ceils (1) followed by critical point drying (2), has revealed new information concerning the fine structure of chromosomes (2-5). Few other organelles present in cells have sufficient internal rigidity to survive the forces acting at the surface of the trough. When erythrocytes of the western salamander, Taricha granulosa, are spread, two types of fibers survive. These are readily distinguished from each other on the basis of morphology. One type of fiber, averaging 250 A in diameter (3, 5), is irregular or " lumpy" in outline, under the methods used, and has been identified as probably representing the basic nucleoprotein complex of the chromosome (2-5). I t is referred to here as chromosome fiber. The second type of fiber, of approximately the same dimensions, is very regular in diameter. When present in isolates, this second type of fiber, referred to here as "smooth" fiber, is usually associated with fi'agments of the cell membrane.
INTEGRATED LAKE BASIN MANAGEMENT ( ILBM )-A CASE STUDY OF YESHWANTSAGAR ( UJJANI ) , MAHARASHTRA , INDIA

Lake is reflection of its catchment and what happens in the latter has a direct bearing on the former. Thus, all the problems of the lakes can be traced back to their catchments and key to sustainable management essentially is in Integrated lake basin management (ILBM). Management of natural lakes and man-made reservoirs is a very complex issue solution to which essentially require an integrating approach articulated in the Integrated Lake Basin Management (ILBM) and the World Lake Vision (WLV), by the International Lake Environment Committee (ILEC), Japan. Among the major problems, increased upstream water use, together with fast rate of siltation due to changes in land use pattern and deforestation, often leads to quantitative reduction and qualitative degradation of water in the lakes and reservoirs. Further, release of untreated or party-treated effluents from domestic & industrial sectors and pollutant load from chemical intensive agriculture, has over all negative environmental impact on the water resources. Unfortunately, there is lack of awareness about the long-term impacts of such degradative processes and their inherent potential to trigger social conflicts and economic losses. Further, it needs to be emphasized that tangible solutions to environmental problems are not possible simply by making enabling laws, acts and rules but what is needed is faithful implementation of the same in the face of vested interests, expediencies and lack of political will. Impounded in 1980 Ujjani is the terminal reservoir in the intensively developed Upper Bhima Basin (UBB) and source of water for irrigated agriculture, domestic use and generation of hydro-electricity. It is considered as the boon for water scarce and drought prone plains of UBB. However, in the last few years the lake is facing the problems associated with eutrophication and the water quality has undergone significant deterioration. Changing sectoral demands, deterioration in water quality and overall change in the monsoon often linked to global climate change has made Upper Bhima Basin UBB Ujjani reservoir ideal test case for implementation if ILBM. In the present paper apart from basin issues challenges to sustainability will be listed out with persuvasive argument for applying ILBM for long term susutainability of the reservoir and its basin.
A Versatile Method for Cell-Specific Profiling of Translated mRNAs in Drosophila

In Drosophila melanogaster few methods exist to perform rapid cell-type or tissue-specific expression profiling. A translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) method to profile actively translated mRNAs has been developed for use in a number of multicellular organisms although it has only been implemented to examine limited sets of cell- or tissue-types in these organisms. We have adapted the TRAP method for use in the versatile GAL4/UAS system of Drosophila allowing profiling of almost any tissue/cell-type with a single genetic cross. We created transgenic strains expressing a GFP-tagged ribosomal protein, RpL10A, under the control of the UAS promoter to perform cell-type specific translatome profiling. The GFP::RpL10A fusion protein incorporates efficiently into ribosomes and polysomes. Polysome affinity purification strongly enriches mRNAs from expected genes in the targeted tissues with sufficient sensitivity to analyze expression in small cell populations. This method can be used to determine the unique translatome profiles in different cell-types under varied physiological, pharmacological and pathological conditions.
Field-Driven Ion Migration and Color Instability in Red-Emitting Mixed Halide Perovskite Nanocrystal Light-Emitting Diodes

Perovskite nanocrystals have shown great promise as the basis of a new family of nanocrystal light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the external quantum efficiency and color stability of these materials still lag behind those of well-established technologies. Producing stable efficient red emitters with electroluminescence (EL) in the “pure” red range of 620–650 nm is a particular challenge. Here we present mixed halide CsPbBr3–xXx (X = I or Cl) peNC organic LEDs using peNC emitters with photoluminescence across the visible region to produce LEDs displaying EL across the visible spectrum. By focusing on the yellow-orange to deep red (560–680 nm) visible regime, we present evidence that field-driven halide separation in CsPbBr3–xIx peNCs is responsible for the observed red-shifting and splitting of the EL peaks. Greater compositional stability is demonstrated to be the key to higher efficiency, long-lived devices for deep red-emitting mixed halide peNCs with higher compositional concentrations of iodide.
Fine-Grained Delta Privacy Preservation for Hierarchical Contexts

Rich contexts enable the provision of context-aware services on mobile smart phones, but they also introduce threats of privacy leakages. It is widely held that the key to privacy preservation is to achieve efficient tradeoffs between the utilization of contexts, the preservation of privacy. Götz et al. present δ privacy that exploits temporal relation to decide the release/suppression, this technique achieves a good tradeoff. However, δ privacy does not consider the hierarchy of different layers of contexts. In this paper, we propose FDH which provides fine-grained suppression over the context hierarchy, integrates δ privacy. Our experiments on real smart phone context traces show that FDH can release a few suppression contexts in δ privacy with limited cost, obtain relatively high utility while preserving strong privacy.
Biochemical Characterization of Arabidopsis Complexes Containing CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 and SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA Proteins in Light Control of Plant Development[W]

COP1 (for CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1) and the four partially redundant SPA (for SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA) proteins work in concert to repress photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by targeting key transcription factors and phytochrome A for degradation via the 26S proteasome. Here, we report a detailed biochemical characterization of the SPA-COP1 complexes. The four endogenous SPA proteins can form stable complexes with COP1 in vivo regardless of light conditions but exhibit distinct expression profiles in different tissues and light conditions. The SPA proteins can self-associate or interact with each other, forming a heterogeneous group of SPA-COP1 complexes in which the exact SPA protein compositions vary depending on the abundance of individual SPA proteins. The four SPA proteins could be divided into two functional groups depending on their interaction affinities, their regulation of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 degradation, and their opposite effects on COP1 protein accumulation. Loss-of-function mutations in a predominant SPA protein may cause a significant reduction in the overall SPA-COP1 E3 ligase activity, resulting in a partial constitutive photomorphogenic phenotype. This study thus provides an in-depth biochemical view of the SPA-COP1 E3 ligase complexes and offers new insights into the molecular basis for their distinct roles in the light control of plant development.
Bright and durable field-emission source derived from frozen refractory-metal Taylor cones

A novel method for creating conical field-emission structures possessing unusual and desirable physical characteristics is described. This process is accomplished by solidification of electrostatically formed high-temperature Taylor cones created on the ends of laser melted refractory-metal wires. Extremely rapid freezing ensures that the resultant solid structures preserve the shape and surface smoothness of the flawless liquid Taylor-cones to a very high degree. The method also enables in situ and rapid restoration of the frozen cones to their initial pristine state after undergoing physical degradation during use. This permits maximum current to be delivered without excessive concern for any associated reduction in field-emitter lifetime resulting from operation near or even above the damage threshold. In addition to the production of field emitters using polycrystalline wires as a substrate, the feasibility of producing monocrystalline frozen Taylor-cones having reproducible crystal orientation by gro.
Dual Graph Regularized Dictionary Learning

Dictionary learning (DL) techniques aim to find sparse signal representations that capture prominent characteristics in a given data. Such methods operate on a data matrix Y ∈ RN×M, where each of its columns yi ∈ RN constitutes a training sample, and these columns together represent a sampling from the data manifold. For signals y ∈ RN residing on weighted graphs, an additional challenge is incorporating the underlying geometric structure of the data domain into the learning process. In such cases, the topological graph structure may provide a crucial interpretation for the columns, while the data manifold itself may also possess a low-dimensional intrinsic structure that should be taken into account. In this work, we propose a novel dictionary learning algorithm for graph signals that simultaneously takes into account the underlying structure in both the signal and the manifold domains. Specifically, we require that the dictionary atoms are smooth with respect to the graph topology, as encapsulated by the graph Laplacian matrix. Furthermore, we propose to learn this graph Laplacian within the dictionary learning process, adapting it to promote the desired smoothness. Utilizing the manifold structure, we propose to encourage the smoothness of the sparse representations on the data manifold in a similar manner. Both these smoothness forces implicitly enhance the learned dictionary. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated on synthetic examples as well as on real data, showing that it outperforms other dictionary learning methods in typical problems such as resistance to noise and data completion.
Non‐Typhoidal Salmonella Colonization in Chickens and Humans in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

Salmonellosis is a public health concern in both the developed and developing countries. Although the majority of human non‐typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) cases are the result of foodborne infections or person‐to‐person transmission, NTS infections may also be acquired by environmental and occupational exposure to animals. While a considerable number of studies have investigated the presence of NTS in farm animals and meat/carcasses, very few studies have investigated the risk of NTS colonization in humans as a result of direct animal exposure. We investigated asymptomatic NTS colonization in 204 backyard chicken farms, 204 farmers and 306 matched individuals not exposed to chicken farming, in southern Vietnam. Pooled chicken faeces, collected using boot or handheld swabs on backyard chicken farms, and rectal swabs from human participants were tested. NTS colonization prevalence was 45.6%, 4.4% and 2.6% for chicken farms, farmers and unexposed individuals, respectively. Our study observed a higher prevalence of NTS colonization among chicken farmers (4.4%) compared with age‐, sex‐ and location‐ matched rural and urban individuals not exposed to chickens (2.9% and 2.0%). A total of 164 chicken NTS strains and 17 human NTS strains were isolated, and 28 serovars were identified. Salmonella Weltevreden was the predominant serovar in both chickens and humans. NTS isolates showed resistance (20–40%) against tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim and ampicillin. Our study reflects the epidemiology of NTS colonization in chickens and humans in the Mekong delta of Vietnam and emphasizes the need of larger, preferably longitudinal studies to study the transmission dynamics of NTS between and within animal and human host populations.
Detection of flood Attacks in DTN using rate limiter Technique

Flood attacks means a network becomes so weighed down with packets, caused by the attackers. It prevents packets being sent/received between the no des in the network. There are many methods adopted to prevent flood attacks in other networks, but non e has been installed successfully for DTN’s. Disrup tion tolerant network is a network, developed in such a manner that intermittent communication problems have very low effect on the outcome of the result. However, due to the limited network resources in th is network such as buffer space and bandwidth, it is l iable to flood attacks. In order to protect resourc es and defend against flood attacks, the rate limiting tec hnique should be adopted. In which each node must be set up with a restriction over the number of packet s it can send to the network and number of duplicat es that can be created for each packets, such as rate limit L and rate limit R respectively. However floo d attacks are caused even in application level result ing in losses of resources such as CPU and sockets. So, technique for detection of application level floods attacks is implemented by verifying DNS query with a specific tool and validating it with mysql database .
Wireless signaling with identical quanta

In this short paper we describe an approach and primary results for obtaining bounds on mutual information between release times and capture times for a set of M identical quanta traveling from a source to a target. The first-passage times are assumed independent and identically distributed and the launch times are constrained. One major application of area is intercellular molecular signaling in biological systems whereby a cell (or group of cells) must deliver some message (such as developmental instructions) over distance with reasonable certainty to another cell (or group of cells). Another application area is communication between components of nano/molecular computers. However, the model can also be applied to any communication systems wherein indistinguishable signals have random transit latencies.