Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Adaptable Connectionist Text-Retrieval System With Relevance Feedback

This paper introduces a new connectionist network for certain domain-specific text-retrieval and search applications with expert end users. A new model reference adaptive system is proposed that involves three learning phases. Initial model-reference learning is first performed based upon an ensemble set of input-output of an initial reference model. Model-reference following is needed in dynamic environments where documents are added, deleted, or updated. Relevance feedback learning from multiple expert users then optimally maps the original query using either a score-based or a click-through selection process. The learning can be implemented, in regression or classification modes, using a three-layer network. The first layer is an adaptable layer that performs mapping from query domain to document space. The second and third layers perform document-to-term mapping, search/retrieval, and scoring tasks. The learning algorithms are thoroughly tested on a domain-specific text database that encompasses a wide range of Hewlett Packard (HP) products and for a large number of most commonly used single- and multiterm queries.
Shifting Meanings in a Blue-Collar Worker Philanthropy Program

This article examines an innovative philanthropic program instituted by a Midwestern U.S. manufacturing company during organizational downtimes. Rather than institute layoffs and unemployment, the organization chose to enact a policy of “loaned labor,” securing employee pay and benefits in exchange for work in local nonprofit organizations. This case study examines the tensions that emerged when a traditionally structured company instituted a program indicative of incremental shifts toward feminist organizing principles. In this analysis of traditional structures and feminist management principles, the authors examine the promises and problems of this philanthropic program. Lastly, the authors explore the pragmatic and far-reaching benefits of this program for the employees, the community, and the organization as a whole.
Occupational Career Pattern as a Sociological Instrument

Occupational careers are commonly market by three developmental phases: the initial, trial, and stable work periods. A technique is devised to assess the relative security of occupational careers by major occupational groups. Work histories of these groups are shown as grid patterns, revealing changes in the tenure of work life and changes in vertical occupational mobility. The relation of fathers' occupation and education is related to the subsequent work history of their sons and daughters.
Changes in microclimate induced by experimental warming and clipping in tallgrass prairie

In order to facilitate interpretation and comparison of warming effects on ecosystems across various habitats, it is imperative to quantify changes in microclimate induced by warming facilities. This paper reports observed changes in air temperature, soil temperature and soil‐moisture content under experimental warming and clipping in a tallgrass prairie in the Great Plains, USA. We used a factorial design with warming as the primary factor nested with clipping as the secondary factor. Infrared heater was used in order to simulate climatic warming and clipping to mimic mowing for hay or grazing. The warming treatment significantly increased daily mean and minimum air temperatures by 1.1 and 2.3 °C, respectively, but had no effect on daily maximum air temperature, resulting in reduced diurnal air‐temperature range. Infrared heaters substantially increased daily maximum (2.5 and 3.5 °C), mean (2.0 and 2.6 °C) and minimum (1.8 and 2.1 °C) soil temperatures in both the unclipped and clipped subplots. Clipping also significantly increased daily maximum (3.4 and 4.3 °C) and mean (0.6 and 1.2 °C) soil temperatures, but decreased daily minimum soil temperature (1.0 and 0.6 °C in the control and warmed plots, respectively). Daily maximum, mean and minimum soil temperatures in the clipped, warmed subplots were 6.8, 3.2 and 1.1 °C higher than those in the unclipped, control subplots. Infrared heaters caused a reduction of 11.0% in soil moisture in the clipped subplots, but not in the unclipped subplots. Clipping reduced soil‐moisture content by 17.7 and 22.7% in the control and warmed plots, respectively. Experimental warming and clipping interacted to exacerbate soil‐moisture loss (26.7%). Overall, infrared heaters simulated climate warming well by enhancing downward infrared radiation and by reducing the diurnal air‐temperature range.
Nature, Functions, and Beliefs about Depressive Rumination

Consider the following questions: What is rumination? How does rumination overlap with, and differ from, other cognitive processes and products? What is the role of rumination in depression? What factors are responsible for initiating and maintaining rumination, and how is rumination linked to depression? In this chapter, we address each of these questions by exploring the phenomenology of depressive rumination. The chapter begins by examining definitions of rumination. The second section reviews studies comparing depressive rumination with other forms of repetitive negative thinking. The next section considers the functions of rumination in depression. The final section explores the relationships between rumination, depression, and metacognitive beliefs.
Enhanced Content based Image Retrieval Using Multiple Feature Fusion Algorithms

Recently the usage of multimedia contents like images and videos has increased. This usage has created the problem of locating from a very large database. This paper presents Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system that uses multiple feature fusion to retrieve images. The features like color, shape and texture are used. The color histogram is used to extract color feature and active contour model is used for shape extraction. K-means and SOM algorithms are used for clustering and dimensional reduction. The experimental results show that the proposed CBIR system is better in terms of precision, recall and speed of image retrieval.
MyNewsWave: User-centered Web search and news delivery

MyNewsWave uses machine learning (including support vector machines) for a user-centred approach to full-text information retrieval as well as news delivery. The system uses knowledge sources such as WordNet to refine keyword queries and learns user-preferences with regard to web search. MyNewsWave includes an audio mining system for topic detection in conjunction with background search to facilitate the retrieval of relevant multimedia information. A special feature of MyNewsWave is the assessment of incoming information with regard to the “mood” or personal relevance to a user. DigiMood is a component of MyNewsWave that classifies web pages into mood categories. Business news, for instance, can be classified by DigiMood to access market sentiment. Marconi analyses incoming news streams and uses machine learning to adjust parameters of a text-to-speech system. The objective is to learn the appropriate voice for news items as part of a speech user interface.
Computationally Efficient Wide-Band DOA Estimation Methods Based on Sparse Bayesian Framework

For practical wide-band direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation problems, the sparse Bayesian algorithms, implemented by expectation maximization or variational Bayesian inference techniques, generally require prohibitive computational complexity. In this paper, computationally efficient wide-band DOA estimation is considered within a sparse Bayesian framework. In particular, two computationally efficient wide-band DOA estimation methods are proposed, i.e., single and multiple observations sparse Bayesian multitask learning methods, denoted as SO-SBMTL and MO-SBMTL. The proposed methods can independently and jointly process the signals to obtain the DOA estimates, respectively, with significantly reduced computational complexity. In addition, the off-the-grid problem in wide-band DOA estimation is also considered within this framework. The remarkable feature of our proposed methods is that the off-the-grid parameter can be desirably obtained with a closed-form solution, so that numerical searching procedure is appropriately avoided and the computational complexity is substantially reduced. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed algorithms can achieve desirable performance with substantially reduced computational complexities. The MO-SBMTL achieves better performance than the SO-SBMTL in the scenarios of static or slow time-varying moving sources, and the off-the-grid algorithm can also efficiently estimate the true DOAs of the sources.
Development and Initial Validation of the Intimate Violence Responsibility Scale (IVRS)

The present study demonstrates the development and initial examination of psychometric properties of the Intimate Violence Responsibility Scale (IVRS) in a community-based sample (N = 527). The underlying factor structure of the IVRS was tested by the exploratory factor analysis (Principal Axis Factoring), which identifies the four factors: partner blame, distal blame, minimization, and violence recognition. The internal consistency of the four subscales of the 20-item IVRS had an acceptable-to-good coefficient alpha ranging from . 75 to . 83. Evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity was established through correlational analyses. The initial findings of this study support that the IVRS is a reliable and valid self-reporting instrument that measures attitudes related to responsibility for violent behavior toward the intimate partner. Implications for practice and future research are specified.
Development and Validation of the Sexist Attitudes Toward Women Scale (SATWS)

Although sexism is now defined as a major social problem, there have been very few empirical studies investigating its correlates and determinants. One primary reason for this is that there are no published sexism scales, and hence it is difficult to assess individual differences in sexism. This article describes the development and validation of a 40–item Sexist Attitudes Toward Women Scale (SATWS). On rational-intuitive grounds, it is hypothesized that sexism toward women has seven components and, accordingly, items were written to reflect these. It is suggested that scales measuring only one of these components (e.g., sex-role stereotype scales and women's liberation movement scales) lack content validity as measures of sexism. On empirical grounds it is argued that the SATW scale also has stronger construct validity as a measure of sexism toward women than other such scales. The SATW scale has high internal consistency reliability for both college students and nonstudent adults and the SATW scale scores are independent of social desirability scores. Relationships to age, sex, and education are presented.
Towards hairstyle reconstruction using thermal imaging

The reconstruction of hairstyles is one of the most challenging tasks in the field of hair modeling. We present a novel technique for generating fiber-based hair models from video sequences captured by a hand-held infrared camera. The major advantage of using thermal imaging lies on the fact that hair is actively re-emitting heat from the scalp and thus several issues of conventional setups illuminating the hairstyle from outside, such as shadowing and anisotropy in reflectance, can be avoided. First promising results indicate the potential of our method.
Open Channel Hydraulics

The difference between bounded flows and flows in which free surfaces are present is that the flow areas in free-surface flows are not determined by their fixed boundaries, but by the need to maintain continuity of flow while obeying dynamic laws. Before examining the complex conditions that can arise in free surface flows, it is necessary to consider the simplest case, that is uniform or normal flow.
DEPICTING FEDERAL FISCAL TRANSFERS

A method is described for cartographically illustrating interstate flows of federal monies within the contiguous United States, using as data the differences between government collections and expenditures by state. It is assumed that movements between surplus and deficit areas are governed by a potential field, for which the driving potential can be interpreted as political “strength. '’Resulting computer-drawn maps reveal Frostbelt-Sunbelt flows as well as flows toward New England and Washington state. The cumulated total movement, or flux, yields a 48-by-48 table of interstate transfers. These are likewise mapped by computer, the state centroids being connected by arrows whose width is proportional to the magnitude of flows.
Prevalence of body iron excess in the metabolic syndrome.

The metabolic syndrome, clinically defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) (1), affects ∼25% of western adults (2). The metabolic syndrome is closely linked to insulin resistance and implies an increased cardiovascular risk (3,4). Accumulating evidence suggests a link between body iron excess and insulin metabolism (5). Studies have shown an association between serum ferritin and one or more metabolic syndrome feature (6–11). Moreover, a syndrome characterized by hepatic iron overload (HIO) associated with insulin resistance features (insulin resistance–associated HIO [IR-HIO]), unrelated to genetic hemochromatosis, has been described (12,13). IR-HIO currently represents the most frequent indication to venesection in referral care units for iron overload (14). Data on the other side of the phenomenon, namely the prevalence of a potentially relevant iron overload in subjects selected for having metabolic syndrome, are scanty. Within the registry of the Verona Heart Project (15), we identified metabolic syndrome subjects according to ATPIII because of three of more of the following: 1 ) fasting glucose ≥110 mg/dl or antidiabetes medication, 2 ) hypertension (blood pressure ≥135/85 mmHg or medication), 3 ) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl, 4 ) HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl in men and <50 mg/dl in women, and 5 ) obesity (BMI ≥27 kg/m2 instead of waist circumference, due to unavailability of waist circumference measurement in all subjects). An age-matched control group was extracted from the registry, requiring the absence of either metabolic syndrome or any evidence of cardiovascular disease. We excluded patients who were homozygous for the main HFE mutation associated with genetic hemochromatosis (C282Y) or who …
Bales's Interpersonal Rating Forms

Le modele spatial de la structure des petits groupes elabore par Bales est teste ici. Il consiste en trois echelles paralleles de 26 items, qui sont soumises a 266 etudiants ayant recemment satisfait aux epreuves d'une «unite de valeur» en matiere de «prise de decision en groupe». Les trois echelles permettent une autoevaluation ainsi que l'evaluation des membres du groupe de decision (rapports affectifs, ascendant, comportements conformistes ou deviants, leadership)
EXPERIENCES WITH TRAPPING , CHEMICAL IMMOBILIZATION , A D RADIOTAGGING OFBROWN BEARS IN SLOVENIA

Wildlife research on brown bears (Ursus arctos) and other shy, nocturnal, or forest dwelling animals with large ranges has improved enormously with the help of radiotelemetry. However, in the small and threatened bear populations of central and southern Europe, accidents that may injure or kill a bear during trapping, immobilization, and radiotagging are a major concern to bear conservationists and animal protection groups. Much information and experience is available from bear work in North America, but some of the techniques do not seem to be appropriate or acceptable for bear populations in Europe. We describe our experiences with trapping, chemical restraint, and radiotagging of 25 different bears during 31 capture events in a research project in Slovenia, 1993-98. Focus is on safety considerations for trapping, chemical immobilization, and radiotagging of bears, and also on minimizing risk for the capture team and local people frequenting the vicinity of the trap sites. The use of Aldrich foot snares proved to be a reasonably efficient (0.72 bears/100 trap nights), selective (only 3 non-target species captured), and safe (only 2 minor capture related injuries) method to capture bears on forested range. We conclude that it is most important to use a trap transmitter system in combination with a carefully designed trap arrangement to guarantee that handling of bears starts within 1-2 hours of initial capture. In addition, the capture team needs to be well trained in the theoretical and practical aspects of trapping, immobilization, and radiomarking of brown bears. Ursus 13:347-356 (2002)
What Is the Problem in Clinical Application of Sentinel Node Concept to Gastric Cancer Surgery?

More than ten years have passed since the sentinel node (SN) concept for gastric cancer surgery was first discussed. Less invasive modified surgical approaches based on the SN concept have already been put into practice for malignant melanoma and breast cancer, however the SN concept is not yet placed in a standard position in gastric cancer surgery even after two multi-institutional prospective clinical trials, the Japan Clinical Oncology Group trial (JCOG0302) and the Japanese Society for Sentinel Node Navigation Surgery (SNNS) trial. What is the problem in the clinical application of the SN concept to gastric cancer surgery? There is no doubt that we need reliable indicator(s) to determine with certainty the absence of metastasis in the lymph nodes in order to avoid unnecessary lymphadenectomy. There are several matters of debate in performing the actual procedure, such as the type of tracer, the site of injection, how to detect and harvest, how to detect metastases of SNs, and learning period. These issues have to be addressed further to establish the most suitable procedure. Novel technologies such as indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging and one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) may overcome the current difficulties. Once we know what the problems are and how to tackle them, we can pursue the goal.
Query-based Multi-Document Summarization by Clustering of Documents

Information Retrieval (IR) systems such as search engines retrieve a large set of documents, images and videos in response to a user query. Computational methods such as Automatic Text Summarization (ATS) reduce this information load enabling users to find information quickly without reading the original text. The challenges to ATS include both the time complexity and the accuracy of summarization. Our proposed Information Retrieval system consists of three different phases: Retrieval phase, Clustering phase and Summarization phase. In the Clustering phase, we extend the Potential-based Hierarchical Agglomerative (PHA) clustering method to a hybrid PHA-ClusteringGain-K-Means clustering approach. Our studies using the DUC 2002 dataset show an increase in both the efficiency and accuracy of clusters when compared to both the conventional Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) algorithm and PHA.
A New Substrate Cycle in Plants. Evidence for a High Glucose-Phosphate-to-Glucose Turnover from in Vivo Steady-State and Pulse-Labeling Experiments with [13C]Glucose and [14C]Glucose1

Substrate (futile) cycling involving carbohydrate turnover has been widely reported in plant tissues, although its extent, mechanisms, and functions are not well known. In this study, two complementary approaches, short and steady-state labeling experiments, were used to analyze glucose metabolism in maize (Zea mays) root tips. Unidirectional rates of synthesis for storage compounds (starch, Suc, and cell wall polysaccharides) were determined by short labeling experiments using [U-14C]glucose and compared with net synthesis fluxes to determine the rate of glucose production from these storage compounds. Steady-state labeling with [1-13C]glucose and [U-13C]glucose showed that the redistribution of label between carbon C-1 and C-6 in glucose is close to that in cytosolic hexose-P. These results indicate a high resynthesis flux of glucose from hexose-P that is not accounted for by glucose recycling from storage compounds, thus suggesting the occurrence of a direct glucose-P-to-glucose conversion. An enzyme assay confirmed the presence of substantial glucose-6-phosphatase activity in maize root tips. This new glucose-P-to-glucose cycle was shown to consume around 40% of the ATP generated in the cell, whereas Suc cycling consumes at most 3% to 6% of the ATP produced. The rate of glucose-P cycling differs by a factor of 3 between a maize W22 line and the hybrid maize cv Dea, and is significantly decreased by a carbohydrate starvation pretreatment.
The AMP-Foot 2 . 0 : A Powered Transtibial Prosthesis That Mimics Intact Ankle Behavior

Almost all of the transtibial prostheses that are available on the market are purely passive devices. These prostheses store (potential) energy in an elastic element during the controlled dorsiflexion phase of stance and release it right after in order to move the body forward. As a result of this, only the energy which has been stored can be used for push-off and thus for propulsion. There exists a few prostheses using active components to add extra energy to the system but most of them are still on a research level. In this article, the authors propose a new design of an energy efficient, powered transtibial prosthesis to mimic intact ankle behavior. The main idea behind the AMP-Foot 2.0 is to have the actuator work longer with a lower power rating while the produced energy is stored in elastic elements and released when needed for propulsion. The device is designed to provide 100% of push-off for a 75 kg subject walking at normal cadence on ground level. Keywords— Trans-tibial, Prosthesis, Amputation, Rehabilitation, Robotics
Using a Force Concept Inventory Test with Visually Impaired and Blind Students.

This paper reports on a study to determine whether blind students’ conceptualizations of force and motion differ from sighted students. This is particularly concerned with the question of whether the students’ visual experiences have any relation to their conceptualizations or misconceptualization about force and motion. The research was designed as a case study and the data was collected from 6 blind high school students based on conceptual physics problems related to force and motion. The analysis of the data revealed that although the blind students’ conceptions about force and motion are not radically different from those of sighted students, however, there were several conceptual problems which seem to be particular to the blind students because of their lack of visual experiences. The results revealed that visual experiences do not seem to have a significant role on the conceptualizations about force and motion.