Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Information Systems REGULAR PAPER

Detecting association rules with low support but high confidence is a difficult data mining problem. To find such rules using approaches like the Apriori algorithm, minimum support must be set very low, which results in a large number of redundant rules. We are interested in sporadic rules; i.e. those that fall below a maximum support level but above the level of support expected from random coincidence. There are two types of sporadic rules: perfectly sporadic and imperfectly sporadic. Here we are more concerned about finding imperfectly sporadic rules, where the support of the antecedent as a whole falls below maximum support, but where items may have quite high support individually. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm called Mining Interesting Imperfectly Sporadic Rules (MIISR) to find imperfectly sporadic rules efficiently, e.g. fever, headache, stiff neck → meningitis. Our proposed method uses item constraints and coincidence pruning to discover these rules in reasonable time. This paper is an expanded version of Koh et al. [Advances in knowledge discovery and data mining: 10th Pacific-Asia Conference (PAKDD 2006), Singapore. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3918, Springer, Berlin, pp 473–482].
Is Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) of Prognostic Value Once HER2‐Positive and. Low‐ER Expression Patients are Removed?

Oncotype DX has been criticized for not providing significantly more prognostic information than histopathologic analysis. Oncotype DX was validated in cohorts that included poor prognostic factors (HER2‐positive, low‐estrogen receptor [ER] expression), raising the question: if patients with known high recurrence rates are excluded, is the Recurrence Score (RS) still valid? Our purpose was to determine if RS can be predicted with readily available measures. One hundred and twenty samples from August 2006 to November 2010 that underwent Oncotype DX testing were analyzed. Data included RS, ER, progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, and Ki67 status by immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC data were used to create two linear regression models to predict RS. SAS's JMP‐7 was used for statistical analysis. When comparing Oncotype DX‐ and IHC‐derived ER and PR values, there were 21 discordant samples. The linear regression model PRS‐F created with IHC data (ER, PR, HER2, Ki67) from all samples (n = 120) had an adjusted R2 = 0.60 indicating a good model for predicting RS. The PRS‐R model was built without low‐ER and HER2‐positive samples (n = 110). It had an adjusted R2 = 0.38 indicating poor prediction of RS. Oncotype DX data showed good concordance with IHC for ER‐ and PR‐expression in this cohort. Low‐ER samples had high RS. After removing low‐ER and HER2‐positives, calculating RS with PRS‐R from remaining data showed poor predictive power for RS (adjusted R2 = 0.38). This result questions whether RS is prognostic in this subgroup (who would most benefit from further clarification of recurrence risk) and independent of pathology, or is simply producing random RS values. Data bases available to Genomic Health can resolve this issue.
A Simple Estimate of VAR under Garch Modelling

This paper calculates Value at Risk under under a GARCH framework for returns, without assuming a given probability distribution for errors of GARCH process. The procedure is given and its accuracy is checked. The bootstrap method is proposed to study the finite sample properties of estimate. Using five examples, we show that our approach works well. The good properties of our approach are proved. A methodology is proposed for selecting the time horizon. Comparisons with JPMorgan Riskmetrics outcomes are performed. Finally, a real data set is considered.
Real world is not enough: the media as an additional source of negative attitudes toward immigration, comparing Denmark and the Netherlands

Most people are unable to accurately estimate the number of immigrants in their country. Nonetheless, it has been argued that the size of the immigrant population would affect people’s immigration attitudes. Part of the effect of immigration on attitudes occurs not so much because of real immigration figures, but rather because of media reporting about immigration. In this study, negative attitudes towards immigration are explained by investigating the impact of the salience and the tone of immigration topics in the news media vis-a-vis the impact of immigration statistics. The cases of Denmark and the Netherlands are analysed for a period from 2003 to 2010, using a multilevel design. Overall, real-world immigration numbers have little impact. The tone of news coverage has an effect in the Netherlands: a positive tone reduces negativity towards immigration, while a negative tone does not increase negativity. We cautiously conclude that the longevity of the issue’s salience has a moderating effect.
Molecular Evidence for Dissemination of Unique Campylobacter jejuni Clones in Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni isolates (n = 234) associated with gastroenteritis and the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in the island of Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, and collected from March 1999 to March 2000 were investigated by a range of molecular typing techniques. Data obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), automated ribotyping, and sequence analysis of the short variable region of the flagellin gene (flaA) were analyzed separately and in combination. Similar groupings were obtained by all methods, with the data obtained by MLST and AFLP analysis exhibiting the highest degree of congruency. MLST identified 29 sequence types, which were assigned to 10 major clonal complexes. PFGE, AFLP analysis, and ribotyping identified 10, 9, and 8 of these clonal groups, respectively; however, these three techniques permitted subdivision of the clonal groups into more different types. Members of seven clonal groups comprising 107 isolates were obtained from November 1999 to February 2000, and no distinguishing characteristics were identified for two GBS-associated strains. The sequence type 41 (ST-41), ST-508, and ST-657 clonal complexes and their corresponding AFLP types have been rare or absent in the Campylobacter data sets described to date. We conclude that several clonal complexes of C. jejuni are associated with human disease in Curaçao, and some of these have not been reported elsewhere. Furthermore, given the observation that C. jejuni-associated diseases appear to be more severe from November to February, it can be speculated that this may be due to the presence of virulent clones with a limited span of circulation.
Explora: A Multipattern and Multistrategy Discovery Assistant

An exercise assembly with parallel and spaced upright posts, a grip rod spanning the posts and having the opposite end portions movably connected to the posts by means of hollow joints each having a vertical lower pipe section movably receiving the associated end portion of the grip rod and a horizontal pipe section, said opposite end portions of the grip rod having bulges provided with slanted elliptical holes, operation cylinders disposed within said horizontal pipe sections and receiving the opposite end portions of the grip rod, first connector rods received in said operation cylinders and slanted elliptical holes and second connector rods connecting said operation cylinders to said horizontal pipe sections of the joints.
incurvata13, a Novel Allele of AUXIN RESISTANT6, Reveals a Specific Role for Auxin and the SCF Complex in Arabidopsis Embryogenesis, Vascular Specification, and Leaf Flatness1[W][OA]

Genetic interactions underscore the important role of AXR6 in several auxin-related traits, including leaf flatness. Auxin plays a pivotal role in plant development by modulating the activity of SCF ubiquitin ligase complexes. Here, we positionally cloned Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) incurvata13 (icu13), a mutation that causes leaf hyponasty and reduces leaf venation pattern complexity and auxin responsiveness. We found that icu13 is a novel recessive allele of AUXIN RESISTANT6 (AXR6), which encodes CULLIN1, an invariable component of the SCF complex. Consistent with a role for auxin in vascular specification, the vascular defects in the icu13 mutant were accompanied by reduced expression of auxin transport and auxin perception markers in provascular cells. This observation is consistent with the expression pattern of AXR6, which we found to be restricted to vascular precursors and hydathodes in wild-type leaf primordia. AXR1, RELATED TO UBIQUITIN1-CONJUGATING ENZYME1, CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC9 SIGNALOSOME5A, and CULLIN-ASSOCIATED NEDD8-DISSOCIATED1 participate in the covalent modification of CULLIN1 by RELATED TO UBIQUITIN. Hypomorphic alleles of these genes also display simple venation patterns, and their double mutant combinations with icu13 exhibited a synergistic, rootless phenotype reminiscent of that caused by loss of function of MONOPTEROS (MP), which forms an auxin-signaling module with BODENLOS (BDL). The phenotypes of double mutant combinations of icu13 with either a gain-of-function allele of BDL or a loss-of-function allele of MP were synergistic. In addition, a BDL:green fluorescent protein fusion protein accumulated in icu13, and BDL loss of function or MP overexpression suppressed the phenotype of icu13. Our results demonstrate that the MP-BDL module is required not only for root specification in embryogenesis and vascular postembryonic development but also for leaf flatness.
Modeling and designing of Sense Amplifier based Flip-Flop using Cadence tool at 45 nm

Today to compete the race of improvements and advancements of technological mysteries are lasting upon innovative ideas and noble thoughts. The consequences of using normal Master-Slave Flip-flops in ultra high speed circuits are increase in cycle time, blurredness in clock edge / skew, higher crosstalk / substrate coupling/power consumption/ expensive packaging including cooling systems and limiting performance. An innovative idea of Sense amplifier based Flip-flops (SAFF) has been implemented which can be speedup the processes up to optimum rate (i.e. Shannon Rate) with compensated SNR. To save the Time Element, designed prototype model to be operated, with ultra high speed for error detection and performance evaluation. Referred to authors previous paper, Modeling and design optimization of Latch Circuits using Parametric Timing Analysis, the latch circuits were thoroughly analyzed w.r. t. their operating speed and its effect over various parameters was discussed, in tighter timing constraints needs to concentrate on power dissipation and durability of device. Overlooking of setup and hold times spans, pays a heavy cost of compromise in the circuits with various latch-ups inducted during design, testing and quality check phase. In sense amplifierflip-flop (SAFF) based structures, delay can be fairly minimized between the latest point of data arrival and output transition using hybrid latch flip-flop (HLFF) and semidynamic flip-flop (SDFF). SAFF based latch models, consists of the sense amplifier in the first stage and the RS latch in the second stage which are being implemented and simulated by using the Cadence Spectre design tool using 45nm technology. It senses the true and complementary differential inputs and produces monotonous transitions from high to low logic or vice-versa outputs for S-R Latch following the leading clock edge. The S-R latch captures each transition and holds the state until the next leading clock edge arrives, due to this feature; the whole structure becomes a self sustaining flip-flop device.
Vascular anatomic variation in rabbits.

PURPOSE To explore the vascular anatomic variation along the aortic arch in New Zealand White rabbits with the goal of highlighting potential anatomic configurations that might be encountered in the performance of preclinical endovascular research in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Digital subtraction angiography images of the brachiocephalic artery (BCA) and aortic arch in New Zealand White rabbits were obtained after creation of elastase-induced aneurysms at the origin of the right common carotid artery (RCCA) in 214 animals. The patterns of origin of the RCCA and left common carotid artery (LCCA), right subclavian artery (RSCA) and left subclavian artery (LSCA), and right vertebral artery (RVA) and left vertebral artery (LVA) were analyzed. RESULTS Five predominant variations of vessel origin were identified. In 200 of 214 cases (93%), the LCCA originated from the bifurcation of the BCA and aorta. In eight cases (4%), the LCCA directly originated from the aorta. In two cases (1%), the LCCA originated from the BCA. Aberrant RSCA anatomy in which the RSCA originated from the aortic arch instead of the BCA was found in three cases (1.5%). In a single case (0.5%), aberrant RSCA anatomy with the RVA originating from the BCA was encountered. CONCLUSIONS Anatomic variation of the BCA in New Zealand White rabbits is similar to that seen in humans. Understanding of the normal and variant anatomy of the rabbit will aid investigators who use the rabbit model for endovascular research.
Factors influencing employee job satisfaction in Ghana's hotel industry

ABSTRACT This study examined factors affecting job satisfaction and also assessed the level of satisfaction of employees working in the hotel industry. The study gathered descriptive data using questionnaires from 190 hotel employees. Factor analysis was employed to extract job satisfaction factors while the standard multiple regression was used to analyze the predictive factors of job satisfaction. The results showed that employees were slightly satisfied with their jobs. The study also identified four main facets of satisfaction, namely pay, supervision, promotion, as well as training and advancement. Of these factors, pay, supervision, and promotion were found to significantly influence job satisfaction. Managerial implications are that hotel managers can overcome employee dissatisfaction by providing employees with competitive pay and also by training supervisors on the use of good communication, among other techniques.
Distal skin vasodilation promotes rapid sleep onset in preterm neonates

Although sleep is of paramount importance for preterm neonates, care of the latter in a neonatal intensive care unit does not favour sleep. Given that several studies in adults have described a ‘vegetative preparedness to sleep’ (in which distal skin vasodilation before lights‐out promotes rapid sleep onset), we looked at whether or not this process operates in preterm neonates. Sleep propensity was assessed in terms of the duration of a spontaneous episode of wakefulness (W). Skin temperatures at six body sites (the abdomen, pectoral region, eye, hand, thigh and foot) were measured (using infrared thermography) during nocturnal polysomnography in 29 9‐day‐old preterm neonates (postmenstrual age: 209 ± 9 days). We then determined whether the duration of the W episode depended upon the local skin temperatures measured at the start, during and end of the episode. The W episode was shorter when distal skin temperatures (thigh, hand and foot) and the pectoral temperature were higher at the end of the episode (i.e. at sleep onset). The relationship with the duration of the W episode was not significant for temperatures measured at the start of the W episode. We observed gradual distal vasodilation at the pectoral region, the thigh, hand and foot (i.e. affecting most of the body's skin surface) during W episodes. Our results constitute initial evidence to show that distal vasodilation may have a key role in facilitating sleep onset in very preterm neonates.
Title Liver steatosis , but not fibrosis , is associated with insulin resistance innonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Purpose: To address the hypothesis that liver steatosis causes systemic insulin resistance, we sought to determine the liver histological feature that most strongly contributes to insulin resistance in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Liver biopsy specimens were obtained from 131 patients with clinically suspected NAFLD. The stage, grade of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and levels of steatosis were scored and analyzed in relation to the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) measured using the glucose clamp method. Results: In the univariate analysis, the degree of hepatic steatosis (r=0.458, p<0.001), stage (r=0.360, p<0.001), and grade (r=0.349, p<0.01) of NASH were significantly correlated with the HOMA-IR. Multiple regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and each other’s histological score showed that steatosis was significantly and independently associated with HOMA-IR (coefficient=1.42, p<0.001), but not the stage (coefficient=0.33, p=0.307) or grade (coefficient=0.67, p=0.134) of NASH. Similar independent relationships were observed between steatosis and MCR, but the relationship was weaker (coefficient=-0.98, p=0.076). Conclusions: Steatosis of the liver, but not the stage or the grade of NASH, is associated with insulin resistance in patients with NAFLD.
Potential Efficacy of Chlorhexidine against Mutans Streptococci and Human Dental Caries

Chemotherapeutic agents have been considered as having potential for the prevention of dental caries. Several substances have been evaluated as possible candidates, but no antimicrobial agent, with the exception of fluoride, has received as much experimental attention as the bisbiguanide chlorhexidine. This substance represents, so far, the most effective and best-documented agent. To be effective against caries, therapeutic dosages of the antimicrobial agent have to be given for a sufficient but finite time period to sites with established cariogenic plaque. In studies where this principle has been used, the aim has been to eliminate or strongly suppress the population of mutans streptococci. Of various antimicrobial agents and methods tested, the most persistent reduction of mutans streptococci has been achieved by chlorhexidine varnishes, followed by gels and mouthwashes. The best clinical effect resulting in a considerable caries reduction has been obtained when persons highly colonized with mutans streptococci have been treated with gels and when the results of the antimicrobial measures have been verified by microbiological examination.
Loss of function tp53 mutations do not accelerate the onset of myc‐induced T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the zebrafish

The TP53 tumour suppressor is activated in response to distinct stimuli, including an ARF‐dependent response to oncogene stress and an ATM/ATR‐dependent response to DNA damage. In human T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL), TP53‐dependent tumour suppression is typically disabled via biallelic ARF deletions. In murine models, loss of Arf (Cdkn2a) or Tp53 markedly accelerates the onset of Myc‐induced lymphoblastic malignancies. In zebrafish, no ARF ortholog has been identified, but the sequence of ARF is very poorly conserved evolutionarily, making it difficult to exclude the presence of a zebrafish ARF ortholog without functional studies. Here we show that tp53 mutations have no significant influence on the onset of myc‐induced T‐ALL in zebrafish, consistent with the lack of additional effects of Tp53 loss on lymphomagenesis in Arf‐deficient mice. By contrast, irradiation leads to complete T‐ALL regression in tp53 wild‐type but not homozygous mutant zebrafish, indicating that the tp53‐dependent DNA damage response is intact. We conclude that tp53 inactivation has no impact on the onset of myc‐induced T‐ALL in the zebrafish, consistent with the lack of a functional ARF ortholog linking myc‐induced oncogene stress to tp53‐dependent tumour suppression. Thus, the zebrafish model is well suited to the study of ARF‐independent pathways in T‐ALL pathobiology.
Major heat shock protein hsp70 protects tumor cells from tumor necrosis factor cytotoxicity.

Heat treatment and various other stresses render tumor cells resistant to cytotoxicity mediated by tumor necrosis factors (TNFs). Here, we elucidate the molecular basis of this phenomenon by demonstrating that the major heat shock protein, hsp70, protects tumor cells from TNF cytotoxicity even in the absence of stress. The human hsp70 gene was stably introduced into highly TNF‐sensitive WEHI‐S tumor cells both in the sense and antisense orientation. All clones constitutively expressing the exogenous human hsp70 gene were protected from TNF‐mediated killing approximately 1000‐fold. Remarkably, the growth of one clone was actually stimulated by low concentrations of TNF. Moreover, a clone expressing antisense hsp70 RNA was rendered extremely sensitive to TNFs. Hsp70‐mediated protection from TNF cytotoxicity was confirmed in transient expression experiments employing retroviral vectors. Changes in cellular sensitivity to TNF were not associated with alterations in the binding of TNF to its receptors. Neither the transfection procedure itself nor overexpression of the low molecular weight heat shock protein, hsp27, had any effect on cellular susceptibility to TNFs. Our data suggest that hsp70 may increase the oncogenic potential of some tumor cells by providing them with an escape mechanism from immunological defense.
Why Teach (young) People how to Cook? A critical analysis of education and policy in transition

The thesis explores the purpose of cooking education. The impetus for the research question - why teach (young) people to cook? – was the introduction of the 1988 National Curriculum for England & Wales. This changed the content and pedagogy of cooking education from a home and practical focus to an industrial and technological focus. Literature searches found little academic research into the purpose of cooking education. The research therefore set out to map the entire policy and pedagogical rationale(s) for what it defines as Food and Cooking Skills Education (FCSE). The research applied a dual focus on FCSE: as food policy and as pedagogy. A multi-method methodology was adopted, using a food systems conceptual approach, in order to capture the depth, range and breadth of possible rationales for FCSE. Methods used were: historical and documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, questionnaire survey and an international comparative survey. Five qualitative studies were conducted: (1) a historical account of FCSE in England and Wales since the industrial revolution; (2) a survey of young people’s experience of cooking education in English schools; (3) a questionnaire survey of UK food industry FCSE perspectives; (4) an international comparative survey of thirty-five countries’ FCSE policies and pedagogy (including Scotland & N Ireland); and (5) elite interviews of policy-makers and activists from state related and civil society sectors. The five studies provide the first account of FCSE’s role and purpose, whether taught formally or informally. Seventeen rationales were identified, of varying emphasis. Historically, FCSE was found to have generated different purposes at different periods, with the modern era encompassing them all, and environmental sustainability now emerging. Internationally, countries vary in their modes of food cultural and skills transmission. A consensus of the importance of FCSE was recorded. The thesis concludes with nine cross-cutting themes exposed by the studies, which are presented as a preliminary theory of the purposes for and against cooking education. These include: food control, food literacy, skill types, culinary diversity, public health, resources, pleasure and environmental sustainability. Recommendations for policy and further research are made.