Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parity-Check Network Coding for Multiple Access Relay Channel in Wireless Sensor Cooperative Communications

A recently developed theory suggests that network coding is a generalization of source coding and channel coding and thus yields a significant performance improvement in terms of throughput and spatial diversity. This paper proposes a cooperative design of a parity-check network coding scheme in the context of a two-source multiple access relay channel (MARC) model, a common compact model in hierarchical wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The scheme uses Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) as the surrogate to build up a layered structure which encapsulates the multiple constituent LDPC codes in the source and relay nodes. Specifically, the relay node decodes the messages from two sources, which are used to generate extra parity-check bits by a random network coding procedure to fill up the rate gap between Source-Relay and Source-Destination transmissions. Then, we derived the key algebraic relationships among multidimensional LDPC constituent codes as one of the constraints for code profile optimization. These extra check bits are sent to the destination to realize a cooperative diversity as well as to approach MARC decode-and-forward (DF) capacity.
2 The Essence of the Network Approach

academics and practitioners. Issues addressed include among others the importance of relationships, customer relationship management, strategic alliances, industry clusters, subcontracting relationships, and supply chain model. There is no one widely and consistently applied definition or even approach available to conceptualize the term network. What makes this even more problematic is the fact that the theoretical field underlying the concept of networks lies at the intersection of multiple disciplines. This is true with respect to mathematical sciences (graph theory and neural networks), sociology (social networks), geography (networks in economic geography), management (business networks and strategic networks), and economics (regional development theory, network effects, and spatial economics). Moreover, the very field of management science lacks methodological and ontological consistency concerning basic assumptions of networking. Easton and Araujo (1996) and Grandori and Soda (1995) have identified almost 20 different approaches or schools in interorganizational networks. The interdisciplinary nature and diversity that characterize the field of sciences devoted to the study of networks give rise to many identical terms with radically different definitions. 2
Recently differentiated epimastigotes from Trypanosoma cruzi are infective to the mammalian host

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, has a complex life cycle in which four distinct developmental forms alternate between the insect vector and the mammalian host. It is assumed that replicating epimastigotes present in the insect gut are not infective to mammalian host, a paradigm corroborated by the widely acknowledged fact that only this stage is susceptible to the complement system. In the present work, we establish a T. cruzi in vitro and in vivo epimastigogenesis model to analyze the biological aspects of recently differentiated epimastigotes (rdEpi). We show that both trypomastigote stages of T. cruzi (cell‐derived and metacyclic) are able to transform into epimastigotes (processes termed primary and secondary epimastigogenesis, respectively) and that rdEpi have striking properties in comparison to long‐term cultured epimastigotes: resistance to complement‐mediated lysis and both in vitro (cell culture) and in vivo (mouse) infectivity. Proteomics analysis of all T. cruzi stages reveled a cluster of proteins that were up‐regulated only in rdEpi (including ABC transporters and ERO1), suggesting a role for them in rdEpi virulence. The present work introduces a new experimental model for the study of host‐parasite interactions, showing that rdEpi can be infective to the mammalian host.
Mie scattering by a uniaxial spherical shell with single-negative materials

On the basis of the spherical vector wave functions(SVWFs) in source-free uniaxial anisotropic medium, the electromagnetic fields in a homogeneous uniaxial spherical shell with single-negative (SNG) materials can be expanded as a addition of the first and the second SVWFs in uniaxial anisotropic medium with SNG materials. Applying the continue boundary conditions on the surface between uniaxial anisotropic medium with SNG materials and isotropic medium, the expansion coefficients of scattered fields from a uniaxial spherical shell with SNG materials by a plane wave can be obtained and then the EM scattering by a uniaxial spherical shell with SNG materials can be characterized. Numerical results between this paper and Mie theory are obtained, it is a good agreement as we expected, some new numerical results of scattering by a uniaxial spherical shell with SNG materials are illustrated.
Genetic diversity between two Vibrio anguillarum strains exhibiting different virulence by suppression subtractive hybridization.

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS Vibrio anguillarum, a halophilic Gram-negative bacterium, is the causative agent of vibriosis in fish. V. anguillarum strain VIB72 was defined as having high virulence whereas strain CW1 was defined as having low virulence on the basis of their different LD50 values to zebra fish. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to identify genetic differences between these two strains. RESULTS After screening, 59 subtracted library clones were isolated which were specific for strain VIB72, and the DNA sequences of these clones were determined. Seventeen fragments showed high homology to the genes of known functions in other bacteria. This includes soluble lytic murein transglycosylase, mobilization protein (MobA, MobC), transposase (IS66), resistance-related protein (metallo-beta-lactamase and acetyltransferase family), toxin protein (DT-201 and alveicin A immunity protein), ATP-dependent endonuclease of OLD family like protein, SocE and GTP-binding protein HflX (high frequency of lysogenization). These fragments may represent parts of putative pathogenicity islands (PAIs) in V. anguillarum. The remaining fragments showed no significant homology to any known genes. CONCLUSION The results indicated that SSH was successful in identifying genetic differences and putative virulence genes among different strains of V. anguillarum.
Cell Death in the Developing Brain after Hypoxia-Ischemia

Perinatal insults such as hypoxia–ischemia induces secondary brain injury. In order to develop the next generation of neuroprotective therapies, we urgently need to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to cell death. The cell death mechanisms have been shown to be quite different in the developing brain compared to that in the adult. The aim of this review is update on what cell death mechanisms that are operating particularly in the setting of the developing CNS. In response to mild stress stimuli a number of compensatory mechanisms will be activated, most often leading to cell survival. Moderate-to-severe insults trigger regulated cell death. Depending on several factors such as the metabolic situation, cell type, nature of the stress stimulus, and which intracellular organelle(s) are affected, the cell undergoes apoptosis (caspase activation) triggered by BAX dependent mitochondrial permeabilzation, necroptosis (mixed lineage kinase domain-like activation), necrosis (via opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore), autophagic cell death (autophagy/Na+, K+-ATPase), or parthanatos (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, apoptosis-inducing factor). Severe insults cause accidental cell death that cannot be modulated genetically or by pharmacologic means. However, accidental cell death leads to the release of factors (damage-associated molecular patterns) that initiate systemic effects, as well as inflammation and (regulated) secondary brain injury in neighboring tissue. Furthermore, if one mode of cell death is inhibited, another route may step in at least in a scenario when upstream damaging factors predominate over protective responses. The provision of alternative routes through which the cell undergoes death has to be taken into account in the hunt for novel brain protective strategies.
[Ureteral lesions caused by external trauma: diagnosis and treatment].

OBJECTIVES We report our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of ureteral injury. METHODS Review of the experience in our hospital. RESULTS We describe two cases of complete rupture of the ureter from blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma that had been recognized late. A urinoma was the presenting feature in both cases. Treatment was by end-to-end anastomosis in the first case and by appendix interposition in the other case. CONCLUSIONS Ureteral injuries owing to abdominal trauma are usually silent. Veriform appendix interposition of the ureter is, in selected cases, a therapeutic option.
MAMMOGRAPHY IN DETECTION OF CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST

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Improving Generalization Performance of Natural Gradient Learning Using Optimized Regularization by NIC

Natural gradient learning is known to be efficient in escaping plateau, which is a main cause of the slow learning speed of neural networks. The adaptive natural gradient learning method for practical implementation also has been developed, and its advantage in real-world problems has been confirmed. In this letter, we deal with the generalization performances of the natural gradient method. Since natural gradient learning makes parameters fit to training data quickly, the overfitting phenomenon may easily occur, which results in poor generalization performance. To solve the problem, we introduce the regularization term in natural gradient learning and propose an efficient optimizing method for the scale of regularization by using a generalized Akaike information criterion (network information criterion). We discuss the properties of the optimized regularization strength by NIC through theoretical analysis as well as computer simulations. We confirm the computational efficiency and generalization performance of the proposed method in real-world applications through computational experiments on benchmark problems.
Canonical NF-κB Activation Is Essential for Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 TES2/CTAR2 Gene Regulation

ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) transforms rodent fibroblasts and is expressed in most EBV-associated malignancies. LMP1 (transformation effector site 2 [TES2]/C-terminal activation region 2 [CTAR2]) activates NF-κB, p38, Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) pathways. We have investigated LMP1 TES2 genome-wide RNA effects at 4 time points after LMP1 TES2 expression in HEK-293 cells. By using a false discovery rate (FDR) of <0.001 after correction for multiple hypotheses, LMP1 TES2 caused >2-fold changes in 1,916 mRNAs; 1,479 RNAs were upregulated and 437 were downregulated. In contrast to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) stimulation, which transiently upregulates many target genes, LMP1 TES2 maintained most RNA effects through the time course, despite robust and sustained induction of negative feedback regulators, such as IκBα and A20. LMP1 TES2-regulated RNAs encode many NF-κB signaling proteins and secondary interacting proteins. Consequently, many LMP1 TES2-regulated RNAs encode proteins that form an extensive interactome. Gene set enrichment analyses found LMP1 TES2-upregulated genes to be significantly enriched for pathways in cancer, B- and T-cell receptor signaling, and Toll-like receptor signaling. Surprisingly, LMP1 TES2 and IκBα superrepressor coexpression decreased LMP1 TES2 RNA effects to only 5 RNAs, with FDRs of <0.001-fold and >2-fold changes. Thus, canonical NF-κB activation is critical for almost all LMP1 TES2 RNA effects in HEK-293 cells and a more significant therapeutic target than previously appreciated.
Fractal formation and ordering in random sequential adsorption.

We reveal the fractal nature of patterns arising in random sequential adsorption of particles with continuum power-law size distribution, $P(R)\sim R^{\alpha-1}$, $R \le R_{\rm max}$. We find that the patterns become more and more ordered as $\alpha$ increases, and that the Apollonian packing is obtained at $\alpha \to \infty $ limit. We introduce the entropy production rate as a quantitative criteria of regularity and observe a transition from an irregular regime of the pattern formation to a regular one. We develop a scaling theory that relates kinetic and structural properties of the system.
Islands in the Gap: Intertwined Transport and Localization in Structurally Complex Materials

Author(s): Lei, X; Varn, DP; Crutchfield, JP | Abstract: Localized waves in disordered one-dimensional materials have been studied for decades, including white-noise and correlated disorder, as well as quasi-periodic disorder. How these wave phenomena relate to those in crystalline (periodic ordered) materials---arguably the better understood setting---has been a mystery ever since Anderson discovered disorder-induced localization. Nonetheless, together these revolutionized materials science and technology and led to new physics far beyond the solid state. We introduce a broad family of structurally complex materials---chaotic crystals---that interpolate between these organizational extremes---systematically spanning periodic structures and random disorder. Within the family one can tune the degree of disorder to sweep through an intermediate structurally disordered region between two periodic lattices. This reveals new transport and localization phenomena reflected in a rich array of energy-dependent localization degree and density of states. In particular, strong localization is observed even with a very low degree of disorder. Moreover, markedly enhanced localization and delocalization coexist in a very narrow range of energies. Most notably, beyond the simply smoothed bands found in previous disorder studies, islands of transport emerge in band gaps and sharp band boundaries persist in the presence of substantial disorder. Finally, the family of materials comes with rather direct specifications of how to assemble the requisite material organizations.
EFFECTS OF ACOUSTIC LOADING ON THE SELF-OSCILLATIONS OF A SYNTHETIC MODEL OF THE VOCAL FOLDS

Synthetic models were used as test beds for the verification of mathematical models of voice production. A silicone synthetic model of the human vocal folds was used to investigate the influence of the acoustic properties of the subglottal and supraglottal tracts on the self-oscillation onset pressure and frequencies. The geometry and mechanical properties of the homogeneous synthetic model were selected based on available data. The effect of acoustic loading on synthetic model was found to be significant. The lumped mass and sound propagation models developed by Zañartu et al. (2007) were used to verify the trends observed in the mechanical model. A wave reflection analog model was used for the acoustics of the subglottal and supraglottal tract (Zañartu, 2006; Story et al., 1997). The material properties and the system geometry were selected to match as closely as possible the experimental setup. Satisfactory agreement between experimental and numerical results was found. The results confirm that the supraglottal tract is favorable to phonation, whereas the subglottal tract hampers the net energy transfer to the vocal folds oscillation, counterbalancing the effects of the vocal tract.
Detecting contrast enhancement based image forgeries by parallel approach

Contrast and brightness of digital images can be adjusted by contrast enhancement. Mostly digital images are stored in Jpeg format in real application like Internet and Mobile phones. In order to reduce the size digital images are compressed with high, middle and low quality factor. Move and paste type of images are created by malicious person, in which contrast of one source image is enhanced to match the other source image. Detecting global contrast enhancement on previously Jpeg compressed images can identified using global contrast enhancement detection algorithm. Zero height gab bins of histogram used to identify the global contrast enhancement. Zero height gap bins/peaks are used to identify the composite images created by contrast enhancement. Contrast enhancement technique aimed at detecting image tampering has grown in different applications area such as law enforcement, surveillance. Composite detection algorithm and global contrast enhancement detection algorithms are presented here. In order to increase the image processing task parallel approach is used.
The Hypnotic Induction Profile and absorption.

This study examined the relationship between scores on the Hypnotic Induction Profile (HIP) and the trait of absorption in three different clinical groups: Smokers (n = 226), Phobics (n = 95), and patients with Chronic Pain (n = 65). Two hypotheses were investigated. The first predicted that both the Eye-Roll sign (ERS) and Induction Score (IND) of the HIP would correlate similarly (r = .30) with scores on the Tellegen Absorption Scale (TAS), as has been previously reported with other measures of hypnotic responsivity in student samples. The second was that using a combination of both ERS and IND scores to predict TAS scores would result in a significant increase in forecasting accuracy over using either HIP measure alone. Both hypotheses were supported in all three clinical groups. Correlations between HIP and Absorption scores ranged from . 33 to . 53. Clinical and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.
Balinda C++: run-time support for concurrent object-oriented language

Run-time systems are critical to the implementation of concurrent object oriented programming languages. The paper describes a concurrent object oriented programming language, Balinda C++, running on a distributed memory system and its run-time implementation. The run-time system is built on the top of the Nexus communication library. The tuplespace is the key to Balinda C++. A distributed tuplespace model is presented to improve data locality. Some experiments have been done to verify our model. The results indicate that our model is effective at improving system performance.
Patient compliance assessment in drug trials: usage and methods.

Summary: Patient noncompliance in a therapeutic regime, although common, is not widely recognised. It can be detected objectively by such measures as tablet counting, the detection of inert markers or the measurement of levels of the drug or its metabolites in a body fluid, or by the close supervision of drug administration. Of 768 studies published in the British Medical Journal and The Lancet between January 1969 and December 1972 in which various effects of drugs are reported, 324 required the incorporation of some means of estimating compliance but in only 61 (19%) were such measures employed.
Dimerization of Tie2 mediated by its membrane-proximal FNIII domains

Significance Tie2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase with important roles in vascular development. Inhibiting Tie2 may impair tumor angiogenesis, whereas activating Tie2 may be beneficial in sepsis and inflammation. To modulate Tie2 therapeutically, it is essential to understand its regulation. Although it is known how Tie2 binds its activating ligands (angiopoietins), it is not clear how this binding (or Tie1 interactions) regulates the receptor. Here, we show that the previously unstudied Tie2 extracellular membrane-proximal region engages in receptor–receptor contacts crucial for Tie2 activation. Our data suggest that angiopoietins promote receptor clustering, utilizing Tie2–Tie2 interactions mediated by key fibronectin III domains, a unique mode of RTK activation. Blocking these Tie2–Tie2 interactions may have therapeutic value in cancer. Tie1 and Tie2, members of the tyrosine kinase family with immunoglobulin and EGF homology domains, are receptor tyrosine kinases found primarily in endothelial cells with key roles in development and maintenance of the vasculature and in angiogenesis. They are attractive targets for therapeutic intervention in tumor angiogenesis, inflammation, and sepsis. Tie2 is regulated directly by the multimeric angiopoietin (Ang) ligands, with Ang1 being its primary activator. Structural studies have shown how Angs bind to the Tie2 ligand-binding region, but do not explain Tie2 activation and suggest a passive role for the Tie2 extracellular region (ECR) in ligand-induced receptor dimerization. Here we show that the Tie2 ECR forms strong dimers even in the absence of bound ligand. Dimerization is mediated by membrane-proximal fibronectin type III (FNIII) domains that were omitted in previous structural studies. We describe a 2.5-Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of the membrane-proximal three Tie2 FNIII domains, Tie2(FNIIIa–c), revealing two possible dimerization modes that primarily involve the third FNIII domain, FNIIIc. Mutating these dimer interfaces implicates one of them (dimer 1) in soluble Tie2 (sTie2) dimerization in solution but suggests that both could play a role in Ang1-induced Tie2 activation, possibly modulated by Tie1. Through small-angle X-ray scattering studies of sTie2 dimers in solution and modeling based on crystal structures, we suggest that Ang1 binding may cross-link Tie2 dimers into higher-order oligomers, potentially explaining how Tie2 is differentially clustered following ligand engagement in different cellular contexts. Our results also firmly implicate FNIII domain-mediated interactions in Tie2 activation, identifying a potential Achilles’ heel for therapeutic inhibition.
A pipeline architecture for Encompression (encryption + compression) technology

This paper introduces a new technology that combines compression and encryption into a single operation referred to as Encompression. This novel scheme is based on a special class of a sparse network - known as Cellular Automata (CA). The simple, regular, modular, cascadable, local neighborhood structure of CA ideally suits low cost, online Encompression to support efficient data transmission with desired level of security. A pipeline architecture has been proposed for hardwired realization of Encompression operations.