Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Msh2 deficiency increases the mutation frequency in all parts of the mouse colon

The Msh2 DNA mismatch repair gene is one of five genes implicated in the pathogenesis of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). To address the possible mechanisms of the site‐specific occurrence of HNPCC, the effect of Msh2 deficiency on mutations in different parts of the colon was investigated using the BC‐1(lacI)/Msh2 double transgenic mouse. Compared to the Msh2+/+ mice, Msh2‐/‐ mice had an 8–9‐fold increase of mutation frequency (MF) in the lacI gene from the cecum and the proximal and distal colon. The mutational spectra were also significantly different between Msh2+/+ and Msh2‐/‐ mice, with a significant increase in the frequency of −1 frameshifts and G:C→A:T base substitutions in the repair‐deficient mice. However, in spite of the site‐specific predisposition of HNPCC in humans, we found no significant difference in the MF or mutation spectrum between the three parts of the colon in Msh2+/+, Msh2+/‐, or Msh2‐/‐ mice. In addition, 11 independent mutants harboring complex mutations within the lacI gene were recovered in the Msh2‐/‐ mice. Interestingly, while the Msh2+/‐ mice displayed an overall MF similar to that observed in the wild‐type mice, sequencing revealed a significantly different mutational spectrum between Msh2+/+ and Msh2+/‐ mice, mainly characterized by an increase in −1 frameshifts. Due to the prevalence of frameshift mutations in HNPCC patients, this haploinsufficiency effect of the Msh2 gene in safeguarding genomic integrity may have important implications for human carrier status. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 40:243–250, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A 60GHz digitally controlled 4-bit phase shifter with 6-ps group delay deviation

A 57–64 GHz 4-bit switch type phase shifter with low group delay deviation and low loss flatness using 90nm low power CMOS technology is presented in this paper. The proposed switched delay networks are using transmission lines to avoid process variation of small-size capacitors. It is also measured with excellent insertion loss flatness of ±0.8dB for a specific phase shifting state, across 57–64 GHz. For all 16 states, the insertion loss is −12.5 ± 2dB including pad loss at 60 GHz and the return loss is >10dB over 57–64 GHz. The total chip size is 0.28 mm2, excluding pads with 0-mW dc power consumption. The phase shifter has low group-delay deviation (phase-distortion) of +/−6 ps from 57–63 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, this phase shifter presents the best FoM among V-band phase shifters.
A Large-Scale 3D Object Recognition Dataset

This paper presents a new large scale dataset targeting evaluation of local shape descriptors and 3d object recognition algorithms. The dataset consists of point clouds and triangulated meshes from 292 physical scenes taken from 11 different views, a total of approximately 3204 views. Each of the physical scenes contain 10 occluded objects resulting in a dataset with 32040 unique object poses and 45 different object models. The 45 object models are full 360 degree models which are scanned with a high precision structured light scanner and a turntable. All the included objects belong to different geometric groups, concave, convex, cylindrical and flat 3D object models. The object models have varying amount of local geometric features to challenge existing local shape feature descriptors in terms of descriptiveness and robustness. The dataset is validated in a benchmark which evaluates the matching performance of 7 different state-of-the-art local shape descriptors. Further, we validate the dataset in a 3D object recognition pipeline. Our benchmark shows as expected that local shape feature descriptors without any global point relation across the surface have a poor matching performance with flat and cylindrical objects. It is our objective that this dataset contributes to the future development of next generation of 3D object recognition algorithms. The dataset is public available at http://roboimagedata.compute. dtu.dk/.
Experiences of medical students who are first in family to attend university

Students from backgrounds of low socio‐economic status (SES) or who are first in family to attend university (FiF) are under‐represented in medicine. Research has focused on these students’ pre‐admission perceptions of medicine, rather than on their lived experience as medical students. Such research is necessary to monitor and understand the potential perpetuation of disadvantage within medical schools.
Analysis of Improved Performance Under Negative Bias Illumination Stress of Dual Gate Driving a-IGZO TFT by TCAD Simulation

We report the numerical simulation of the effect of a dual gate (DG) TFT structure operating under dual gate driving on improving negative bias illumination stress (NBIS) of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs). With respect to the transfer characteristics of a-IGZO TFTs, we show a larger negative threshold voltage shift (ΔVTH) with increasing a-IGZO active layer thickness. This trend is confirmed by TCAD simulation, where the initial transfer curve is plotted under varying a-IGZO thickness keeping a constant density of states. Under varying a-IGZO thickness, TCAD simulation results confirm TFTs under DG driving shows significantly less ΔVTH shift under NBIS compared with that of single gate (SG) driving TFTs. Under 10 K seconds of NBIS, TCAD simulation results show the increase in donor-like states (NGD) by 5.25 × 1017 cm-3 eV-1 and acceptor-like states (NGA) by 7.5 × 1016 cm-3 eV-1.
Code-Borrowedness of English words in Hindi Language

1.1 Ground Truth e user preference towards usage of a Hindi word in its Hindi form as opposed to its English form in a Hindi sentence, is determined through a survey. From the survey responses, dierence between the total number of instances wherein the word is preferred in its Hindi form and the instances wherein it is preferred in its English form is calculated to form the ground truth metric. e survey responses for 12 words are available from 58 participants, to measure the eectiveness of our proposed metric.
Cold Tolerance of the Eastern Subterranean Termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), in Ontario

ABSTRACT We characterized the cold tolerance of natural populations of the Eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) [Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae]) in southwestern Ontario, Canada. We measured cold tolerance in workers from six colonies of termites established from Pelee Island in Lake Erie, and Point Pelee National Park. The mean critical thermal minimum, at which termites entered chill coma, ranged from 8.1 to 5.7°C. Mean supercooling points (SCP, the temperature at which individuals freeze) ranged from -4 to -4.6°C, and did not differ significantly between colonies, nor was SCP dependent on body size. Individuals survived brief exposure to low temperatures, as long as they did not freeze, but internal ice formation was always lethal, suggesting a freeze avoiding strategy. The LT50 (temperature at which 50% of individuals were killed by a 1 h exposure) was -5.1°C, but all individuals could survive -2°C for at least 72 h. Low temperature acclimation (12°C, 7 d) or hardening (4°C, 2 h) had no impact on the SCP, but acclimation did slightly increase the critical thermal minimum, making the termites less cold tolerant. We conclude that R. flavipes is not particularly cold tolerant, and likely relies on burrowing deep into the soil to avoid exposure to temperature to extremes.
Mechanism of membrane damage by streptolysin-O

Streptolysin-O (SLO) is a thiol-activated, membrane-damaging protein toxin of Mr 69,000 that is produced by most strains of beta-hemolytic group A streptococci. Native, primarily water-soluble toxin molecules bind to cholesterol-containing target membranes to assemble into supramolecular curved rod structures (25 to 100 nm long by ca. 7.5 nm wide), forming rings and arcs that penetrate into the apolar domain of the bilayer. Electron microscopic analyses of toxin polymers in their native and reconstituted membrane-bound form indicate that the convex surface of the rod structures is a hydrophobic, lipid-binding domain, whereas the concave surfaces appear to be hydrophilic. The embedment of the rings and arcs generates large transmembrane slits or pores of up to 30-nm diameter that can be directly visualized by negative staining and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. SLO oligomers were isolated in extensively delipidated form in detergent solution, and cholesterol was found not to detectably contribute to the observed rod structures. The rods are stable structures that resist prolonged exposure to trypsin and chymotrypsin. They can be reincorporated into cholesterol-free phosphatidylcholine liposomes to generate lesions identical to those observed on erythrocytes lysed by native SLO. Thus, although cholesterol plays a key role in the initial binding of SLO to the membrane, it does not directly participate in the formation of the membrane-penetrating toxin channels. Membrane damage by SLO is basically analogous to that mediated by previously studied channel formers, namely, the C5b-9 complement complex and staphylococcal alpha-toxin.
Evidence for continuing cross-species transmission of SIVsmm to humans: characterization of a new HIV-2 lineage in rural Côte d’Ivoire

HIV types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) are the result of multiple cross-species transmissions of their simian counterparts (SIVs) to humans. We studied whether new SIVs lineages have been transmitted to humans in rural Côte d’Ivoire and identified a novel HIV-2 variant (HIV-2-07IC-TNP03) not related to any of the previously defined HIV-2 groups. This finding shows that sooty mangabey viruses continue to be transmitted to humans, causing new zoonotic outbreaks.
System Modeling and Evaluation on Factors Influencing Power and Performance Management of Cloud Load Balancing Algorithms

Cloud is an on-demand IT resource provisioning technology uses server virtualization and load balancing as the underlying techniques. Power and performance management are the major concern of cloud to achieve Total Cost Ownership (TCO) in terms of user acceptance and societal importance. In this concern, there is a need to investigate the power and performance influencing factors to design a novel cloud load balancing algorithms with respect to recent hardware and software advancements. Hence, the work studied these approaches to allocate only required amount of virtual servers for varying cloud workload. In this regard, the cloud system model is designed and evaluated for different scenarios like reactive system model, cloud workload and different scaling and sizing of Virtual Machine (VM) servers for various load balancing algorithms. The simulation results infer that the launching of an optimal number of virtual machines, the cost of VM setup time in the data centre, control considerations - dynamic regulation of frequency of controller invocation, adaptive algorithms instead of dynamic algorithms, and multi-core CPU architectures are to be considered while implementing cloud load balancing methods. Appropriate consideration of the above-mentioned parameters is required to make a powerful, flexible and cost-effective load balancing methods for power and performance management for cloud data centre.
Graded Histological and Locomotor Outcomes after Spinal Cord Contusion Using the NYU Weight-Drop Device versus Transection

Injury reproducibility is an important characteristic of experimental models of spinal cord injuries (SCI) because it limits the variability in locomotor and anatomical outcome measures. Recently, a more sensitive locomotor rating scale, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale (BBB), was developed but had not been tested on rats with severe SCI complete transection. Rats had a 10-g rod dropped from heights of 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mm onto the exposed cord at Tl 0 using the NYU device. A subset of rats with 25 and 50 mm SCI had subsequent spinal cord transection (SCI + TX) and were compared to rats with transection only (TX) in order to ascertain the dependence of recovery on descending systems. After 7-9 weeks of locomotor testing, the percentage of white matter measured from myelin-stained cross sections through the lesion center was significantly different between all the groups with the exception of 12.5 vs 25 mm and 25 vs 50 mm groups. Locomotor recovery was greatest for the 6.25-mm group and least for the 50-mm group and was correlated positively to the amount of tissue sparing at the lesion center (p < 0.0001). BBB scale sensitivity was sufficient to discriminate significant locomotor differences between the most severe SCI (50 mm) and complete TX (p < 0.01). Transection following SCI resulted in a drop in locomotor scores and rats were unable to step or support weight with their hindlimbs (p < 0.01), suggesting that locomotor recovery depends on spared descending systems. The SCI + TX group had a significantly greater frequency of HL movements during open field testing than the TX group (p < 0.005). There was also a trend for the SCI + TX group to have higher locomotor scores than the TX group (p > 0.05). Thus, spared descending systems appear to modify segmental systems which produce greater behavioral improvements than isolated cord systems.
Environmental disclosures in annual reports of Australian gold and copper mining companies with activities in Papua New Guinea and/or Indonesia

This paper considers some preliminary evidence about environmental disclosures of Australian gold/copper mining companies with interests in PNG, Indonesia, or both. First, comment is made about the possible importance of the content of annual reports to stakeholders. Second, a framework of expectations about annual report disclosures of multinationals is developed. Third, the technique of content analysis is outlined and its advantages and disadvantages are explored. Major problems are identified with the method’s internal validity. Finally, comment is made on some preliminary findings about the environmental disclosures observed in a sample of published annual reports of Australian-based, listed mining companies between 1994 and 1996. 1 See Appendix 4 for an outline of these interests.
The influence of carbon monoxide bolus on the measurement of total haemoglobin mass using the optimized CO-rebreathing method

The optimized carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing method (oCOR-method) is routinely used to measure total haemoglobin mass (tHbmass). The tHbmass measure is subject to a test-retest typical error of ∼2%, mostly from the precision of carboxyhaemoglobin (HbCO) measurement. We hypothesized that tHbmass would be robust to differences in the bolus of CO administered during the oCOR-method. Twelve participants (ten males and two females; age 27 ± 6 yr, height 177 ± 11 cm and mass 73.9 ± 12.1 kg) completed the oCOR-method on four occasions. Different bolus of CO were administered (LOW: 0.6 ml kg−1; MED1: 1.0 ml kg−1 and HIGH: 1.4 ml kg−1); to determine the reliability of MED1, a second trial was conducted (MED2). tHbmass was found to be significantly less from the HIGH CO bolus (776 ± 148 g) when compared to the LOW CO (791 ± 149 g) or MED1 CO (788 ± 149 g) trials. MED2 CO was 785 ± 150 g. The measurement of tHbmass is repeatable to within 0.8%, but a small and notable difference was seen when using a HIGH CO bolus (1.4 to 1.9% less), potentially due to differences in CO uptake kinetics. Previously, an improved precision of the oCOR-method was thought to require a higher bolus of CO (i.e. larger ▵%HbCO), as commercial hemoximeters only estimate %HbCO levels to a single decimal place (usually ± 0.1%). With the new hemoximeter used in this study, a bolus of 1.0 ml kg−1 allows adequate precision with acceptable safety.
Comparison of Contact Toxicities of 4 Neonicotinoids against Leptinotarsa decemlineata

[Aims]Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say) has often caused serious damage to potato through most of northern Xinjiang for nearly two decades.Since this pest has developed insecticide resistance to some conventional pesticides,it is urgent and necessary to search for new insecticides. [Methods] Contact toxicities of 4 neonicotinoids,namely imidacloprid,thiamethoxam,thiacloprid and acetamiprid,on 6 field populations of L.decemlineata 4th-instar larvae in northern Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region were evaluated by a topical bioassay in 2009 and 2010. [Results] The 4 neonicotinoids showed excellent activity against L.decemlineata 4th-instar larvae.The toxic ratio of imidacloprid,thiamethoxam,thiacloprid and acetamiprid was 1∶0.87∶1.90∶7.20. The most active commerciallized compound was acetamiprid and the least toxic one was thiamethoxam. [Conclusions] Moreover,differences in contact toxicities of the 4 neonicotinoids among field populations were not correlated with resistances to conventional insecticides.The 4 neonicotinoids can be used in the field for controlling and resistance management of L.decemlineata.
Magnetic structure and orbital ordering in KCrF3 perovskite

KCrF3 represents another prototypical orbital-ordered perovskite, where Cr2+ possesses the same electronic configuration of 3d4 as that of strongly Jahn-Teller distorted Mn3+ in many CMR manganites. The crystal and magnetic structures of KCrF3 compound are investigated by using polarized and unpolarized neutron powder diffraction methods. The results show that the KCrF3 compound crystallizes in tetragonal structure at room temperature and undergoes a monoclinic distortion with the decrease in temperature. The distortion of the crystal structure indicates the presence of cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion which is driven by orbital ordering. With decreasing temperature, four magnetic phase transitions are observed at 79.5, 45.8, 9.5, and 3.2 K, which suggests a rich magnetic phase diagram. Below T_N = 79.5 K, the Cr2+ moment orders in an incommensurate antiferromagnetic arrangement, which can be defined by the magnetic propagation vector (1/2$\pm\,$$\delta\,$, 1/2$\pm\,$$\delta\,$, 0). The incommensurate-commensurate magnetic transition occurs at 45.8 K and the magnetic propagation vector locks into (1/2, 1/2, 0) with the Cr moment of 3.34(5) $\mu_B \,$ aligned ferromagnetically in (220) plane, but antiferromagnetically along [110] direction. Below 9.5 K, the canted antiferromagnetic ordering and weak ferromagnetism arise from the collinear antiferromagnetic structure, while the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and tilted character of the single-ion anisotropy might give rise to the complex magnetic behaviors below 9.5 K.
Dissertation Proposal : Simulation and Evaluation of Sound Propagation Effects for Virtual Environments

Sound has a multitude of applications in areas ranging from engineering, architecture, entertainment, to environmental noise control. Sound also plays a crucial role in immersive virtual environments with studies showing it can improve the sense of presence and fidelity in training, simulation, education, and entertainment. This makes it important to simulate sound in a perceptuallyaccurate way such that the user’s sense of immersion is not broken owing to a mismatch in the expected stimuli and the generated stimuli.
Game Changers: The 20 Most Important Anesthesia Articles Ever Published

• Volume 120 • Number 3 www.anesthesia-analgesia.org 663 Copyright © 2015 International Anesthesia Research Society DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000513 Of the thousands of published articles related to the specialty of anesthesiology, only an elite few can be considered seminal, landmark or, for the purposes of this article, a “game changer. ” A clinical game changer is a publication that results in a revolutionary transformation that has been maintained in clinical practice since the article first appeared. Advancements and discoveries in anesthesiology did lead to transformative changes, not only in this specialty but also to related fields. These contributions have in common the unique ability of the creative mind to perceive connections where others see none. They follow Louis Pasteur’s dictum “In the fields of observation, chance favors only the well-prepared mind. ” The modern version of this statement is “connecting the dots. ” Deciding which of these writings has had the most profound effect on the practice of anesthesiology and medicine is a challenging task, albeit subjective. Various methods have been used to identify these papers, including number of citations, opinions of journal editors, and use of an “expert” board. Using specified criteria, we chose the top 20 publications that, in our opinion, are the clinical game changers for the specialty of anesthesiology. Three recent publications are recommended to the reader for further in-depth analysis.1–3
Is PPARα intron 7 G/C polymorphism associated with muscle strength characteristics in nonathletic young men?

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a ligand‐dependent transcription factor, regulates fatty acid metabolism in heart and skeletal muscle. The intron 7 G/C polymorphism (rs4253778) has been associated with athletic performance. The rare C‐allele was predominant in power athletes, whereas the G‐allele was more frequent in endurance athletes. In the present study, we investigated the association between this polymorphism and strength characteristics in nonathletic, healthy young adults (n = 500; age 24.2 ± 4.4 years). Knee torque was measured during concentric knee flexion and extension movements at 60°/s, 120°/s, and 240°/s during 3, 25, and 5 repetitions, respectively. Also, resistance to muscle fatigue (i.e. work last 20% repetitions/work first 20% repetitions *100) was calculated. Differences in knee strength phenotypes between GG homozygous individuals and C‐allele carriers were analyzed. The polymorphism did not influence the ability to produce isometric or dynamic knee flexor or extensor peak torque during static or dynamic conditions in this population (0.23 < P < 0.95). Similar results were found for the endurance ratio, a measure for resistance to muscle fatigue. In conclusion, the PPARα intron 7 G/C polymorphism does not seem to influence strength characteristics in a nonathletic population.
Unifying Representations and Responses

A dominant account of perseverative errors in early development contends that such errors reflect a failure to inhibit a prepotent response. This study investigated whether perseveration might also arise from a failure to inhibit a prepotent representation. Children watched as a toy was hidden at an A location, waited during a delay, and then watched the experimenter find the toy. After six observation-only A trials, the toy was hidden at a B location, and children were allowed to search for the toy. Two- and 4-year-olds' responses on the B trials were significantly biased toward A even though they had never overtly responded to this location. Thus, perseverative biases in early development can arise as a result of prepotent representations, demonstrating that the prepotent-response account is incomplete. We discuss three alternative interpretations of these results, including the possibility that representational and response-based biases reflect the operation of a single, integrated behavioral system.