Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overview of the architecture, circuit design, and physical implementation of a first-generation cell processor

This paper reviews the design challenges that current and future processors must face, with stringent power limits, high-frequency targets, and the continuing system integration trends. This paper then describes the architecture, circuit design, and physical implementation of a first-generation Cell processor and the design techniques used to overcome the above challenges. A Cell processor consists of a 64-bit Power Architecture processor coupled with multiple synergistic processors, a flexible IO interface, and a memory interface controller that supports multiple operating systems including Linux. This multi-core SoC, implemented in 90-nm SOI technology, achieved a high clock rate by maximizing custom circuit design while maintaining reasonable complexity through design modularity and reuse.
Pengembangan Kerangka Kerja TPACK pada Materi Koloid untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Pembelajaran dalam Mencapai HOTS Siswa

Chemistry learning particularly colloid material has a scientific topic that measuring up to abstract and emphasizes the mastery of concepts until the microscopic level (molecular) symbolic. Thus, the implementation of learning need to be completed. Up till now, chemistry learning process is still dominantly conventional in teacher-centered, so that the students tend to be passive and less interested in learning. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an innovative learning to improve student’s learning activities, by integrating Technology, Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge (TPACK). Through the integration of TPACK, abstract material can be concrete with the use of simulation, as well as the learning will be student-centered learning by means of Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) model, so that students are more active in their learning and students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) will be achieved. The results indicating that learning activities at the meeting I 96.25%, meeting II 92.98%, meeting III 95.29%, and meeting IV 91.18% , all of them belong to the category of "highly optimized". Student test scores on average 64.6 which belong to the category of "quite".
Employment-based abstinence reinforcement as a maintenance intervention for the treatment of cocaine dependence: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT Due to the chronic nature of cocaine dependence, long-term maintenance treatments may be required to sustain abstinence. Abstinence reinforcement is among the most effective means of initiating cocaine abstinence. Practical and effective means of maintaining abstinence reinforcement programs over time are needed. OBJECTIVE To determine whether employment-based abstinence reinforcement can be an effective long-term maintenance intervention for cocaine dependence. DESIGN Participants (n = 128) were enrolled in a 6-month job skills training and abstinence initiation program. Participants who initiated abstinence, attended regularly and developed needed job skills during the first 6 months were hired as operators in a data entry business and assigned randomly to an employment-only (control, n = 24) or abstinence-contingent employment (n = 27) group. SETTING A non-profit data entry business. Participants Unemployed welfare recipients who used cocaine persistently while enrolled in methadone treatment in Baltimore. INTERVENTION Abstinence-contingent employment participants received 1 year of employment-based contingency management, in which access to employment was contingent upon provision of drug-free urine samples under routine and then random drug testing. If a participant provided drug-positive urine or failed to provide a mandatory sample, then that participant received a temporary reduction in pay and could not work until urinalysis confirmed recent abstinence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Cocaine-negative urine samples at monthly assessments across 1 year of employment. RESULTS During the 1 year of employment, abstinence-contingent employment participants provided significantly more cocaine-negative urine samples than employment-only participants [79.3% and 50.7%, respectively; P = 0.004, odds ratio (OR) = 3.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.60-8.69]. Conclusions Employment-based abstinence reinforcement that includes random drug testing is effective as a long-term maintenance intervention, and is among the most promising treatments for drug dependence. Work-places could serve as therapeutic agents in the treatment of drug dependence by arranging long-term employment-based contingency management programs.
Imaging and Analytical Methods as Applied to the Evaluation of Vasculature and Hypoxia in Human Brain Tumors

Abstract Evans, S. M. , Jenkins, K. W. , Jenkins, W. T. , Dilling, T. , Judy, K. D. , Schrlau, A. , Judkins, A. , Hahn, S. M. and Koch, C. J. Imaging and Analytical Methods as Applied to the Evaluation of Vasculature and Hypoxia in Human Brain Tumors. Radiat. Res. 170, 677–690 (2008). Tissue hypoxia results from the interaction of cellular respiration, vascular oxygen carrying capacity, and vessel distribution. We studied the relationship between tumor vasculature and regions of low pO2 using quantitative analysis of binding of the 2-nitroimidazole EF5 given to patients intravenously (21 mg/kg) approximately 24 h preceding surgery. We describe new computer algorithms for determining EF5 binding as a function of radial distance from individual blood vessels and converting this value to tissue pO2. Tissues from six human brain tumors were assessed. In a hemangiopericytoma, a WHO Grade 2 and WHO Grade 3 glial brain tumor, all tissue pO2 values calculated by EF5 binding were >20 mmHg (described as “physiologically oxygenated”). In these three tumors, EF5 binding gradients (measured as a function of distance from each observed vessel) were low, with small positive and negative values averaging close to zero. Much lower tissue oxygen levels were found, including near some vessels, in glioblastomas. Gradients of EF5 binding away from vessels were larger in glioblastomas than in the low-grade tumors, but positive and negative values again averaged to near zero. Based on these preliminary data, we hypothesize a new paradigm for tumor blood flow in human brain tumors whereby in-flowing and out-flowing blood patterns may have contrasting effects on average tissue EF5 (and by inference, oxygen) gradients. Our studies also imply that neither distance to the nearest blood vessel nor distance from each observed blood vessel provide reliable estimates of tissue pO2.
Therapeutic Vaccination of HIV-1-Infected Patients on Haart with a Recombinant HIV-1 Nef-Expressing Mva: Safety, Immunogenicity and Influence on Viral Load during Treatment Interruption

The safety and immunogenicity of an HIV-1 nef-expressing modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) was investigated in 14 HIV-1-positive patients (CD4 >400/μl) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Patients were vaccinated at weeks 0, 4 and 16, followed by interruption of HAART at week 18. MVA-nef was well-tolerated except for local reactions, with only mild systemic side effects reported in a few patients. Vaccination with MVA-nef was associated with recognition of new HIV-1 T-cell epitopes (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes in 9/14 patients, CD4 epitope/recombinant Nef protein in 2/14) and an increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. All patients had been vaccinated against smallpox and a strong T-cell and antibody response to MVA was induced in all patients. After interruption of HAART, viral load rebounded in all patients, but after a median time of 36 (4–76) weeks in 9/14 patients, viraemia remained below the pre-HAART viral load and CD4 counts stayed above the pre-HAART levels. While six patients have remained off therapy for a median time of 64 (57–76) weeks, HAART was resumed in 8/14 patients after a median treatment interruption time of 15 (4–38) weeks. This study has demonstrated that MVA-nef is safe and immunogenic in HIV-1-infected subjects and has provided encouraging data on the potential of therapeutic vaccinations.
Discrepancies in Serum Albumin Measurements Vary by Dialysis Modality

Background. Serum albumin level is an important prognostic marker in patients with chronic renal failure. However there are discrepancies in the methods of estimation of serum albumin. The objective of this study is to evaluate the magnitude of the discrepancy in the serum albumin levels as measured by Bromcresol Green (BCG) and Bromcresol Purple (BCP) dye methods in patients on hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) and to ascertain the clinical determinants of the discrepancy (ΔSA = BCG-BCP; g/dL) in each of the modalities. Method. We measured serum and plasma albumin levels by BCG and BCP methods in 19 adult HD patients and 18 adult PD patients treated in the dialysis units of the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center. Similar measurements were performed in 10 normal adult subjects. In all groups, paired blood samples were taken to estimate the albumin in both serum and plasma. Nephelometry (NM) was subsequently performed on the serum of 13 of the HD patients, 14 of the PD patients, and each of the 10 normal subjects. Results. We found that for both the dye methods serum and plasma albumin levels are almost identical in each of the three subject groups. In the normal subjects serum albumin estimated by BCP is in good agreement with NM values but BCG overestimates the albumin levels. In the PD group the discrepancy between the BCG and BCP (ΔSA) is statistically significant with the BCG averaging 0.59 ± 0.12 g/dL more than the BCP. The BCG values are closer to those obtained by the “gold standard”, NM. In the HD group the ΔSA is significantly (p<0.001) less than in the PD group (0.34 ± 0.11 g/dL). As for PD, BCG values are closer to NM values. Increasing age, female gender, and higher dialysis adequacy are associated with higher ΔSA in the HD but not in the PD group. Utilizing linear regression analysis we developed equations for each dialysis modality to convert albumin measurements from one method to the other. Conclusion. We confirm that a discrepancy exists between the commonly used dye methods (BCG and BCP) for serum albumin estimation. This discrepancy is significantly lower in HD patients than in PD patients. Nephrologists should be aware of this discrepancy and appropriate corrections should be made during quality improvement analysis.
Hearing gesture : how our hands help us think

Many nonverbal behaviours - smiling, blushing, shrugging - reveal our emotions. Once nonverbal behaviour, gesturing, exposes our thoughts. This book explores how we move our hands when we talk, and what it means when we do so. Susan Goldin-Meadow begins with an intriguing discovery: when explaining their answer to a task, children sometimes communicate different ideas with their hand gestures than with their spoken words. Moreover, children whose gestures do not match their speech are particularly likely to benefit from instruction in that task. Not only do gestures provide insight into the unspoken thoughts of children (one of Goldin-Meadow's central claims), but gestures reveal a child's readiness to learn and even suggest which teaching strategies might be most beneficial. In addition, Goldin-Meadow characterizes gesture when it fulfills the entire function of language (as in the case of Sign Languages of the Deaf), when it is reshaped to suit different cultures (American and Chinese), and even when it occurs in children who are blind from birth. Focusing on what we can discover about speakers - adults and children alike - by watching their hands, this book discloses the active role that gesture plays in conversation and, more fundamentally, in thinking. In general, we are unaware of gesture, which occurs as an undercurrent alongside an acknowledged verbal exchange. In this book, Susan Goldin-Meadow makes clear why we must not ignore the background conversation.
Integrated Handwriting Recognition And Interpretation Using Finite-State Models

The interpretation of handwritten sentences is carried out using a holistic approach in which both text image recognition and the interpretation itself are tightly integrated. Conventional approaches follow a serial, first-recognition then-interpretation scheme which cannot adequately use semantic–pragmatic knowledge to recover from recognition errors. Stochastic finite-sate transducers are shown to be suitable models for this integration, permitting a full exploitation of the final interpretation constraints. Continuous-density hidden Markov models are embedded in the edges of the transducer to account for lexical and morphological constraints. Robustness with respect to stroke vertical variability is achieved by integrating tangent vectors into the emission densities of these models. Experimental results are reported on a syntax-constrained interpretation task which show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. These results are also shown to be comparatively better than those achieved with other conventional, N-gram-based techniques which do not take advantage of full integration.
The effects of agent emotional support and cognitive motivational messages on math anxiety, learning, and motivation

Mathematics plays an important role in everyday life. Math anxiety has been one of the major reasons that students do not like math mathematics. Many efforts have been done to alleviate learner’s math anxiety with respect to curriculum design, math assessment, classroom culture, and teacher attitudes. In this study, math anxiety from the GED (General Educational Development) population is addressed through emotional and motivational support provided by pedagogical agents. There are two reasons to this approach. One major reason is the inherent social nature of learning and research on learners’ emotion and motivation are gaining more and more interest. The other major reason is that the embodiment nature of pedagogical agents have been recognized by researchers and the pedagogical agents become one of the ideal candidates to improve learning and influence learners’ emotion and motivation in a computer-based learning environment. In this study, emotional support and cognitive motivational messages were embedded in pedagogical agents to promote learning, alleviate math anxiety, and improve leaner motivation. 109 GED students affiliated with local community college participated in this study. This study used a 2 x 2 factorial design. The two independent variables were emotional support and cognitive motivational messages and each dependent variable contained two levels: presence versus absence. The dependent measure of study includes learning, math anxiety, and leaner motivation. MANOVA analysis revealed a main effect of emotional support. Further univariate analysis showed that students who worked with emotional support agents performed better in learning and had less math anxiety than those students who worked with none-emotional support agents. No significant results were found on the main effect of cognitive motivational messages. This study shows quantitative evidence of the effectiveness of pedagogical agents as a means to deliver emotional support in a computer based learning environment. Further research is suggested to examine the adaptive nature of emotional support and cognitive motivational messages. The effect of emotional support and cognitive motivational messages in non-GED population needs to be tested.
Impasse and Interpretation: Therapeutic and Anti-Therapeutic Factors in the Psychoanalytic Treatment of Psychotic, Borderline, and Neurotic Patients

Acknowledgements. Part One: Introduction. A Psychoanalytic Approach to the Treatment of Psychosis. Part Two: The Analyst's Contribution to Successful and Unsuccessful Treatment. Some Therapeutic and Anti-therapeutic Factors in the Functioning of the Analyst. Breakdown of Communication between Patient and Analyst. Part Three: The Influence of Narcissism on the Analyst's Task. The Narcissistic Omnipotent Character Structure: A Case of Chronic Nypochondriasis. Narcissistic Patients with Negative Therapeutic Reactions. Destructive Narcissism and the Death Instinct. The Problem of Impasse in Psychoanalytic Treatment. Part Four: The Influence of Projective Identification on the Analyst's Task. Projective Identification in Clinical Practice. Projective Identification and the Problem of Containment in a Borderline Psychotic Patient. Further Difficulties in Containing Projective Identification. Projective Identification and the Psychotic Transference in Schizophrenia. Projective Identification and Counter-transference Difficulties in the Course of an Analysis with a Schizophrenic Patient. Part Five: Conclusion. Afterthought: Changing Theories and Changing Techniques in Psychoanalysis. Appendix: on the Treatment of Psychotic States by Psychoanalysis - An Historical Approach. References. Indexes.
Solving multi-contingency transient stability constrained optimal power flow problems with an improved GA

In this paper, an improved genetic algorithm has been proposed for solving multi-contingency transient stability constrained optimal power flow (MC-TSCOPF) problems. The MC-TSCOPF problem is formulated as an extended optimal power flow (OPF) with additional generator rotor angle constraints and is converted into an unconstrained optimization problem, which is suitable for genetic algorithms to deal with, using a penalty function. The improved genetic algorithm is proposed by incorporating an orthogonal design in exploring solution spaces. A case study indicates that the improved genetic algorithm outperforms the existing genetic algorithm-based method in terms of robustness of solutions and the convergence speed while the solution quality can be kept.
Enabling energy efficient protocol processing for passive RFID sensors using sub/near-threshold circuit

Recent research trend of passive RFID based sensors has posed stringent low power requirement for energy efficient communication, which can be addressed by sub/near-Vt operation with standard CMOS process. This paper discusses new design challenges under scaled voltages and presents critical building blocks for low power protocol processing. Two supply viltages -0.45V and 0.7V are selected for powering digital and analog circuits which process EPC Gen-2 physical layer data. The design was fabricated in 180nm CMOS process and probe station measurement are reported.
Association of Positive Psychological Wellbeing and BMI with Physical and Mental Health among College Students

Anxiety and depression have been documented as top mental health issues that impede college students’ academic performance National Alliance on Mental Illness [NAMI] [1]; Pedrelli, Nyer, Yeung, Zulauf, and Wilens, [2]. More than 80% of college students have felt overwhelmed by college-related tasks and more than 50% have felt extremely anxious about their academic struggles in the past year. Also, 31% have felt too depressed to function well in schools NAMI [1]. 64% college students who had mental health problems withdrew from the university. 50% did not seek out mental health services and request accommodations NAMI [1]. Given the prevalence and severity of mental health problems faced by college students and their hesitation and reluctance to seek professional mental health services, there is a critical need for exploring an alternative approach to a primary prevention and treatment Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi [3]; Wood, Froh and Geraghty [4] .
An Efficient Receiver Deniable Encryption Scheme and Its Applications

Deniable encryption is an important cryptographic primitive, essential in all cryptographic protocols where a coercive adversary comes to play with high potential. Deniable encryption plays a key role in the internet/electronic voting, electronic bidding, electronic auctions and secure multiparty computation. In this study a practical efficient receiver deniable encryption scheme based on BCP commitment scheme and idea of Klonowski et al . is proposed. The proposed scheme is a one-move scheme without any pre-encryption information required to be sent between the sender and the receiver prior to encryption. Moreover, the overhead is low in term of the size of the ciphertext. At the same time we compare the typical deniable encryption schemes with our proposed scheme. Finally, applying the proposed deniable encryption, we originally give a coercion-resistant internet voting model without physical assumptions. We also compare the typical internet voting protocols with our proposed model.
How to make a simple and robust 3D hand tracking device using a single camera

In this paper we propose a non intrusive tracking system able to capture simple hand gestures in a fast and reliable way. Our device uses the images taken from a single camera to capture the 3D position and orientation of the hand of the user. In particular, the 3D position of the forefinger tip is used as a 3D marker, and the posture of the hand is used to input simple commands. The proposed approach combines several computer vision algorithms in order to exploit their strengths trying to minimize their drawbacks. The result is a real time system that is very robust against noise and cluttered backgrounds. An evaluation of the quality of the proposed approach is also presented.
Automatic Simulation and Verification of Pipelined Microcontrollers

This paper presents a methodology for automatic simulation and verification of pipelined microcontrollers. Using this methodology, we can generate the simulation for the instruction set architecture (ISA), abstract finite state machine (FSM) and pipelined register transfer level design and compare the simulation results across different levels qu ickly. We have implemented our method in the simulation and verification of a synthesized microcontroller HT_4 using our behavioral synthesis tool.
Mobility-aware dynamic inter-cell interference coordination in HetNets with cell range expansion

To encourage traffic offloading from the Macrocell to its overlaid Picocells in a Heterogeneous Network (HetNet), Cell Range Expansion (CRE) has been widely envisioned, enabling more Macro users to be offloaded to the less saturated Picocells, and enhancing the throughput performance of the entire system. By doing so, users in the Picocell expanded area may experience high interference from the Macrocell Base Station (MBS). This effect is mitigated by enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (e-ICIC) schemes that reserve part of the MBS bandwidth to those Pico users exclusively. Here, we propose a mobility-aware e-ICIC scheme which turns-off some of the Resource Blocks (RBs) in the Macrocell in function of the mobility behaviour of the range-expanded Pico users, thereby providing an efficient trade-off between Macrocell and Picocell achievable throughputs. Our numerical results confirm that point, and show that our proposed method outperforms reference e-ICIC methods.