Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Effect of Entrainment on Dialogue Acts

Entrainment is a factor in dialogue that affects not only human-human but also human-machine interaction. While entrainment on the lexical level is well documented, less is known about how entrainment affects dialogue on a more abstract, structural level. In this paper, we investigate the effect of entrainment on dialogue acts and on lexical choice given dialogue acts, as well as how entrainment changes during a dialogue. We also define a novel measure of entrainment to measure these various types of entrainment. These results may serve as guidelines for dialogue systems that would like to entrain with users in a similar manner.
The Rules-Based Process of Revealing/Concealing the Family Planning Decisions of Voluntarily Child-Free Couples: A Communication Privacy Management Perspective

This study explains how members of voluntarily child-free (VCF) couples make unsolicited disclosures to social network members about their family-planning decision. Thirty-two members of VCF couples were interviewed. Communication privacy management (Petronio, 2002) was used as the theoretical framework to discern the salient characteristics that lead to such disclosures. Participants reported the following interrelated processes as comprising how they revealed/concealed their family-planning information: (a) the rules-driven structure of revealing the child-free decision to social network members, (b) confidant selection, and (c) the salient characteristics of concealing the decision from others. These findings contribute to a growing body of knowledge on family-planning communication and privacy management.
The W 3 C Web Cryptography API : Design and Issues

The W3C Web Cryptography API will be the standard API for accessing cryptographic primitives in Javascript-based environments. We describe the motivations behind the creation of the W3C Web Cryptography API, deal with a number of objections, and then describe the API in detail with motivating use-cases and sample code. Lastly, we outline open issues and how the wider academic and security community can become involved in the process.
İngilizce Dersinde Öğrenmede Kullanılan Öz-Düzenleme Stratejileri ve Başarı İle İlişkisi

OZET Bu calismanin amaci, lise ogrencilerinin Ingilizce dersindeki ogrenmeleri icin kullandiklari oz-duzenleme stratejileri ile akademik basarilari arasindaki iliskiyi belirlemektir. Arastirmada betimsel yontem kullanilarak nicel veri toplanmistir. Arastirmaya bati Karadeniz bolgesinde yaklasik yuz bin nufuslu bir ilcesinde, iki liseden 9. ve 10. siniflar da okuyan 205 ogrenci katilmistir. Calismada Pintrich, Smith, Garcia, & McKeachie, (1993) tarafindan olusturulmus, Buyukozturk, Akgun, Karadeniz, Cakmak, Demirel (2008) tarafindan Turkceye uyarlamasi yapilmis olan Gudulenme ve Ogrenme Stratejileri Olcegi (Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire) (MSLQ) kullanilmistir. Akademik basari duzeylerini belirlemek icin, arastirmaci tarafindan gelistirilen akademik basari testi kullanilmistir. Bu calismaya gore ogrencilerin akademik basari duzeyleri ile oz-duzenleme becerileri arasinda yuksek duzeyde anlamli bir iliskinin oldugunu, kiz ogrencilerin oz-duzenleme becerileri kullanmada erkek ogrencilere gore daha basarili olduklarini, sinif duzeyine gore 9. Sinif ogrencilerinin 10. Sinif ogrencilerine gore daha iyi oz-duzenleme becerilerine sahip olduklarini ortaya koymaktadir. Anahtar kelimeler:
Sufficient Conditions for 1-D CNNs with Opposite-Sign Templates to Perform Connected Component Detection

Connected component detection (CCD) is an important image processing task done by one-dimensional cellular neural networks (1-D CNNs). Recently, some sufficient conditions for 1-D CNNs with the antisymmetric template A = [s,p, -s] to perform CCD have been derived under the assumption that the outputs of the boundary cells are set to 1 or -1. In this paper, we extend these results to 1-D CNNs with the opposite-sign template A = [r,p, -s]. It is shown that the 1-D CNN can perform CCD for a wide range of parameter space. Therefore we can design 1-D CNNs which not only can perform CCD but also are robust against small perturbations of the parameters.
The Cactus computational collaboratory: enabling technologies for relativistic astrophysics, and a toolkit for solving PDE's by communities in science and engineering

We are developing a system for collaborative research and development for a distributed group of researchers at different institutions around the world. In a new paradigm for collaborative computational science, the computer code and supporting infrastructure itself becomes the collaborating instrument, just as an accelerator becomes the collaborating tool for large numbers of distributed researchers in particle physics, The design of this "Collaboratory" allows many users, with very different areas of expertise, to work coherently together on distributed computers around the world. Different supercomputers may be used separately, or for problems exceeding the capacity of any single system, multiple supercomputers may be networked together through high speed gigabit networks. Central to this Collaboratory is a new type of community simulation code, called "Cactus". The scientific driving force behind this project is the simulation of Einstein's equations for studying black holes, gravitational waves, and neutron stars, which has brought together researchers in very different fields from many groups around the world to make advances in the study of relativity and astrophysics. But the system is also being developed to provide scientists and engineers, without expert knowledge of parallel or distributed computing, mesh refinement, and so on, with a simple framework for solving any system of partial differential equations on many parallel computer systems, from traditional supercomputers to networks of workstations.
Auditory-semantic distraction : a process-oriented approach.

The present thesis examined whether the interference-by-process construct, as applied to auditory distraction during visual-verbal serial recall (the irrelevant sound effect, ISE), also holds as a useful framework for interpreting auditory-semantic distraction whereby performance on tasks requiring semantic focal processes is disrupted by the semantic properties of irrelevant sound. To address this goal, several semantic focal tasks were used in conjunction with manipulations of task-instruction and of the semantic properties of irrelevant sounds. Empirical Series 1 showed that episodic recall of lists comprising exemplars drawn from a single semantic-category was disrupted by the lexicality of the irrelevant items and their semantic similarity to the to-be-remembered exemplars, but only when the task-instructions emphasised free, not serial, recall and when the irrelevant category items were dominant exemplars of a category. Moreover this series also demonstrated that irrelevant category items are often included erroneously as responses, and that this is due to a breakdown in the source-monitoring process. These results provide evidence for the interference-by-process construct in that the semantic properties of speech disrupt semantic, and source-monitoring, processing in the focal task and may also produce interference through giving rise to inhibitory processes. Series 2 showed that the presence of semantic properties in the irrelevant sound impaired semantic categorization (or category-clustering) and category, and category-exemplar, recall in the episodic recall of lists of exemplars drawn from several semantic categories, but, like Series 1, failed to produce disruption when task-instruction demanded serial recall. This finding provides yet further evidence for a conflict between two semantic processes. Finally, Series 3 showed that the semantic, but not acoustic, properties of irrelevant sound impaired retrieval from semantic memory when the focal task required retrieval from a semantic-category (requiring semantic processing), but not phonemic-category (not necessitating semantic processing). The implications of the findings for other approaches to auditory-semantic distraction, and auditory distraction generally, are discussed.
Acute effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species on the contractile function of skeletal muscle

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are important for skeletal muscle function under both physiological and pathological conditions. ROS/RNS induce long‐term and acute effects and the latter are the focus of the present review. Upon repeated muscle activation both oxygen and nitrogen free radicals likely increase and acutely affect contractile function. Although fluorescent indicators often detect only modest increases in ROS during repeated activation, there are numerous studies showing that manipulations of ROS can affect muscle fatigue development and recovery. Exposure of intact muscle fibres to the oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) affects mainly the myofibrillar function, where an initial increase in Ca2+ sensitivity is followed by a decrease. Experiments on skinned fibres show that these effects can be attributed to H2O2 interacting with glutathione and myoglobin, respectively. The primary RNS, nitric oxide (NO•), may also acutely affect myofibrillar function and decrease the Ca2+ sensitivity. H2O2 can oxidize the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channels. This oxidation has a large stimulatory effect on Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release of isolated channels, whereas it has little or no effect on the physiological, action potential‐induced Ca2+ release in skinned and intact muscle fibres. Thus, acute effects of ROS/RNS on muscle function are likely to be mediated by changes in myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity, which can contribute to the development of muscle fatigue or alternatively help counter it.
Evaluation of gene expression profiles of immature dendritic cells prepared from peripheral blood mononuclear cells

BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) generated ex vivo from peripheral blood monocytes or mobilized CD34+ cells and intended for clinical immunotherapy are typically characterized by morphologic, phenotypic, and functional assays. Assay results are highly dependent on conditions used to prepare the cells, so there is no standard assay battery for clinical DC products. This study evaluated gene expression profiling for characterization of immature DCs prepared from monocytes that had been elutriated from normal donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) immediately after collection or after storage at 4°C for 48 hours.
Solving MAP Exactly by Searching on Compiled Arithmetic Circuits

The MAP (maximum a posteriori hypothesis) problem in Bayesian networks is to find the most likely states of a set of variabls given partial evidence on the complement of that set. Standard structure-based inference methods for finding exact solutions to MAP, such as variable elimination and join-tree algorithms, have complexities that are exponential in the constrained treewidth of the network. A more recent algorithm, proposed by Park and Darwiche, is exponential only in the treewidth and has been shown to handle networks whose constrained treewidth is quite high. In this paper we present a new algorithm for exact MAP that is not necessarily limited in scalability even by the treewidth. This is achieved by leveraging recent advances in compilation of Bayesian networks into arithmetic circuits, which can circumvent treewidth-imposed limits by exploiting the local structure present in the network. Specifically, we implement a branch-and-bound search where the bounds are computed using linear-time operations on the compiled arithmetic circuit. On networks with local structure, we observe orders-of-magnitude improvements over the algorithm of Park and Darwiche. In particular, we are able to efficiently solve many problems where the latter algorithm runs out of memory because of high treewidth.
A frequency-locked loop technology of three-phase grid-connected inverter based on improved reduced order generalized integrator

The quality of grid-connected current is an important index to measure the performance of grid-connected inverter, rapid and accurate detection of the grid frequency and phase is the premise of the grid-connected current control. A method of the frequency-locked loop (FLL) based on improved reduced order generalized integrator (here called ROGI-FLL) is proposed based on the present FLL technology in this paper, which is able to extract the positive and negative sequence components of the grid voltage and frequency under the condition of unbalanced grid, harmonic distortion, direct current offset and so on. The ROGI-FLL method is used in the grid-connected current control strategy without phase-locked loop, finally the feasibility and effectiveness of this method are verified by simulation and experiment.
High gain, low power, CMOS current reused LNA with noise optimization

A low power, high gain, optimized CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) is presented in this paper intended for Bluetooth applications. Employing CMOS Inverter as a core of the proposed LNA, the extra voltage gain within the lowpower consumption is obtained. By improving the previous works on CMOS LNA optimization, we attain a comprehensive and compatible method to optimize the fundamental features of the CMOS Inverter Current Reused (CICR) family. The provided CICR LNA results inclusively prove the advantages of our design over other published topologies. The designed LNA based on 0. 13μm CMOS technology demonstrates a 28.5dB voltage gain (S21), 2.4dB noise figure (NF), -18dB impedance matching (S11), and dissipating power less than 1mW at 2.4GHz frequency.
Survey of Recent Advances in Visual Question Answering

Visual Question Answering (VQA) presents a unique challenge as it requires the ability to understand and encode the multi-modal inputs - in terms of image processing and natural language processing. The algorithm further needs to learn how to perform reasoning over this multi-modal representation so it can answer the questions correctly. This paper presents a survey of different approaches proposed to solve the problem of Visual Question Answering. We also describe the current state of the art model in later part of paper. In particular, the paper describes the approaches taken by various algorithms to extract image features, text features and the way these are employed to predict answers. We also briefly discuss the experiments performed to evaluate the VQA models and report their performances on diverse datasets including newly released VQA2.0[8].
Prey exchange between a stream and its forested watershed elevates predator densities in both habitats.

Shigeru Nakano was an extraordinary field biologist, as well as a community ecologist of uncommonly broad vision. Like other great ecologists, his insights were anchored in his deep intuition and knowledge of the natural history of an array of interacting species, in his case, stream fishes, aquatic insects, and birds. Such insight can come only from intensive and prolonged observation in the field. Nakano started his career as a fish biologist, doing detailed work on life histories, diets, and behavior, primarily of Japanese salmonids. In addition to collecting superbly detailed data on fish in their natural environments, he perfected several unique techniques for stream research, including underwater angling which allowed him to remove, measure, mark, and replace individuals in streams at will (2). Nakano's techniques for studying stream fishes expanded as a result of his collaborations with Prof. Kurt Fausch of Colorado State University, who introduced him to the idea of experimental field manipulations. Their collaborations included habitat scale manipulations of insect drift consumed by various salmonid species, with documentation of switches from water column to benthic feeding at different flux thresholds for morphologically generalized vs. specialized salmonid species (3). Nakano's interest in responses of fish and stream food webs to food availability motivated a large scale manipulation of terrestrial insect inputs to the Horonai Stream running through his study site in the Tomakomai Experimental Forest of Hokkaido …
Coevolution of Phonology and the Lexicon in Twelve Languages of West Africa

Abstract Synergetic models of language structure predict that the length of a word will depend upon various parameters such as its frequency and the number of phonemes in the language. This prediction has been used to explain word length differences within languages, but less often to explain the differences between languages. Here I show that average word length across 12 West African languages is related to the size of the phonological inventory. This is an apparent example of the adaptation of language structure to the efficient communication of information. The hypothesised mechanism by which the relationship evolves are outlined.
Association of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) with Self-Reported Attractiveness in Men and Women: Evidence from

Abstract. Prenatal testosterone (PT) may influence attractiveness such that high PT increases attractiveness in men. Here we are concerned with self-perceptions of attractiveness, rather than ratings of attractiveness by others. Our sample was 255,116 participants drawn from an Internet survey. We considered the relationship between self-reported attractiveness and the ratio of the length of the 2nd and 4th digits (digit ratio, 2D:4D), a putative negative correlate of PT. Participants reported ratings on their general attractiveness, and the attractiveness of their face, voice, and body. There were significant effects of sexual orientation on the ratings and we considered only heterosexuals in all subsequent analyses. We found that 2D:4D was negatively correlated with general, facial, and body attractiveness, with the strongest association for body attractiveness. There was no relationship for voice attractiveness. General, facial, and body attractiveness were negatively associated with age and positively.
Earth mover's distances on discrete surfaces

We introduce a novel method for computing the earth mover's distance (EMD) between probability distributions on a discrete surface. Rather than using a large linear program with a quadratic number of variables, we apply the theory of optimal transportation and pass to a dual differential formulation with linear scaling. After discretization using finite elements (FEM) and development of an accompanying optimization method, we apply our new EMD to problems in graphics and geometry processing. In particular, we uncover a class of smooth distances on a surface transitioning from a purely spectral distance to the geodesic distance between points; these distances also can be extended to the volume inside and outside the surface. A number of additional applications of our machinery to geometry problems in graphics are presented.
Audience Parasocial Involvement with the Thai Radio Drama: Never Too Late

The purpose of this thesis was to explore audience involvement with the entertainment-education radio soap opera Never Too Late in Thailand. The main sources of data were a mail survey administered to the listeners who sent letters and text messages to the program, providing 128 completed questionnaires, and the letters and text messages from the listeners. The thesis addressed responses to the program at three levels of parasocial interaction: cognitive, affective and behavioral, as well as self-efficacy, which is the belief that a change can be made. Key findings included: the more listeners talked about the program the more they reported making changes in their lives; cognitive parasocial interaction and self-efficacy were the most common responses. Education level was a predictor of talking about the program; letter writers were more likely to talk about the program and desire further contact than were text message writers. Key Terms: Audience involvement, entertainment-education, parasocial interaction, self-efficacy, text messages, letter writers.
Search Based Approaches to Component Selection and Prioritization for the Next Release Problem

This paper addresses the problem of determining the next set of releases in the course of software evolution. It formulates both ranking and selection of candidate software components as a series of feature subset selection problems to which search based software engineering can be applied. The approach is automated using greedy and simulated annealing algorithms and evaluated using a set of software components from the component base of a large telecommunications organization. The results are compared to those obtained by a panel of (human) experts. The results show that the two automated approaches convincingly outperform the expert judgment approach
Supplementary material : Alignment of dynamic networks

Algorithm S1 is algorithm calculates S of a network alignment. Let G1(V1, E1) and G2(V2, E2) be two networks and f : V1 → V2 be an alignment between the two networks. We calculate S 3 by creating the alignment graph (described below) and using the alignment graph to calculate the number of conserved and non-conserved edges. e alignment graph, GA(VA, EA), is the graph inwhich each aligned pair is fused into a supernode and the number of edges between two supernodes is the number of edges connecting the nodes in one supernode to the nodes in the other supernode. e algorithm creates the alignment graph and counts the number of conserved edges (the number of supernode pairs in GA with double edges between them) and the number of non-conserved edges (the number of supernode pairs in GA with a single edge between them). 1: procedure S(f ,G1,G2) 2: Let G ′ 2(V ′ 2 , E ′ 2) be the induced subgraph ofG2 induced by V ′ 2 = { f (u) |u ∈ V1}. 3: ET ← (|E1 | + |E2 |) × 1 vector ⊲ Edge set of alignment graph,GA 4: i ← 1 5: for (u,v) ∈ E ′ 2 do ⊲ Add edges mapped fromG ′ 2 6: ET [i] ← (min(u,v),max(u,v)) 7: i ← i + 1 8: for (u,v) ∈ E1 do ⊲ Add edges mapped fromG1 9: u ′ ← f (u) 10: v ← f (v)
Preclinical Differentiation between Apparently Safe and Potentially Hepatotoxic Applications of TRAIL Either Alone or in Combination with Chemotherapeutic Drugs

Purpose: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis–inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) exhibits potent antitumor activity on systemic administration in nonhuman primates without deleterious side effects for normal tissue. However, there is a controversy about the potential toxicity of TRAIL on human hepatocytes. The use of different recombinant TRAIL forms only partially explains the contradicting reports on TRAIL sensitivity in primary human hepatocytes (PHH). Experimental Design: To clarify this issue, we comprehensively tested four different recombinant forms of TRAIL for their apoptosis-inducing capacity on PHH obtained from a total of 55 human livers between day 1 and day 8 of in vitro culture. Results: One day after single-cell isolation, all but one recombinant form of TRAIL [i.e., an untagged form of TRAIL (TRAIL.0)] induced apoptosis in PHH. Apoptosis induction by TRAIL in these cells could only be fully inhibited by concomitant blockade of TRAIL receptor 1 and TRAIL receptor 2. At day 4 of in vitro culture, when surrogate markers indicated optimal hepatocyte in vitro function, only high doses of cross-linked FLAG-TRAIL killed PHH whereas the other three recombinant TRAIL forms did not. Strikingly, cotreatment of day 4 PHH with cisplatin sensitized for TRAIL-induced apoptosis whereas 5-fluorouracil, etoposide, gemcitabine, irinotecan, or oxaliplatin, which are commonly used in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers, did not. Conclusion: Our data show that whereas TRAIL alone or together with selected chemotherapeutic drugs seems to be safe, the combination of TRAIL with cisplatin is toxic to PHH.