Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CdSe quantum dot formation: alternative paths to relaxation of a strained CdSe layer and influence of the capping conditions

CdSe/ZnSe quantum dot formation is investigated by studying different steps of the growth. To precisely control the critical thickness of CdSe grown on a ZnSe buffer layer, the CdSe self-regulated growth rate in atomic layer epitaxy growth mode is determined by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) measurements for a temperature range between 180 and 280 °C. Then, the two-dimensional–three-dimensional (2D–3D) transition of a strained CdSe layer on (001)-ZnSe induced by the use of amorphous selenium is studied. The formation of CdSe islands is found when 3 monolayers (ML) of CdSe are deposited. When only 2.5 ML of CdSe are deposited, another relaxation mechanism is observed, leading to the appearance of strong undulations on the surface. We also studied the evolution of the surface morphology when 2.7 ML are deposited, to study the boundary between those two phenomena. The influence of capping on quantum dot morphology is investigated. It is found that cadmium is redistributed within the layer during capping. Our results show that the cadmium distribution after capping depends on the capping temperature and on the strain of the CdSe layer. Cadmium incorporation after capping is also studied. It is found that the amount of incorporated cadmium depends on the strain of the CdSe layer before capping.
Unusual presentation of cryolife O'Brien(R) stentless aortic valve bioprosthesis dysfunction mimicking infective endocarditis.

OBJECTIVES We previously reported a possible but unusual prosthetic-valve infective endocarditis (PV-IE) occurring on a Cryolife O'Brien Stentless Porcine Xenograft (CLOB) (anatomic damages suggestive of IE but negative inflammatory and microbiological markers). We reviewed all cases of aortic PV-IE admitted in our institution and compared the clinical presentation, bacteriological and echocardiographic features according to the type of prosthesis. METHODS Sixty consecutive cases with possible or definite aortic PV-IE (23 CLOB, 26 mechanical valve and 11 stented bioprosthesis) were admitted between 2002 and 2008. RESULTS Patients with CLOB had more prosthetic dehiscence (P = 0.006) and severe regurgitation (P = 0.01) than those with mechanical or stented prosthetic valves. In contrast, they had less fever (P = 0.003), lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (P = 0.02) and more frequently negative blood cultures (P = 0.08). Differences were due to seven patients who presented with no fever, low CRP, negative blood culture, negative valve culture and PCR when performed, despite echocardiographic features suggestive of IE (abscess or valve dehiscence). All were first operated on since 2004 when the manufacturing process changed and required a second surgery. The French Authority of Health was informed leading to the withdrawal of the CLOB from the market in 2010. CONCLUSIONS One-third of patients with CLOB admitted for possible or definite PV-IE presented with anatomic damages suggestive of IE but with negative inflammatory and microbiological markers. The exact aetiology remains unclear, but the present data have led to the worldwide withdrawal of prosthesis in 2010. A close follow-up of patients implanted with CLOB should be advised, especially if it has been manufactured since 2004.
Theoretical Estimation of Electromigration in Metallic Carbon Nanotubes Considering Self-Heating Effect

In this paper, we estimate the solution of the electromigration diffusion equation (EMDE) in isotopically pure and impure metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (SWCNTs) by considering self-heating. The EMDE for SWCNT has been solved not only by invoking the dependence of the electromigration flux on the usual applied static electric field across its two ends but also by considering a temperature-dependent thermal conductivity <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(\kappa)$</tex></formula> which results in a variable temperature distribution <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(T)$</tex></formula> along its length due to self-heating. By changing its length and isotopic impurity, we demonstrate that there occurs a significant deviation in the SWCNT electromigration performance. However, if <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\kappa$</tex></formula> is assumed to be temperature independent, the solution may lead to serious errors in performance estimation. We further exhibit a tradeoff between length and impurity effect on the performance toward electromigration. It is suggested that, to reduce the vacancy concentration in longer interconnects of few micrometers, one should opt for an isotopically impure SWCNT at the cost of lower <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\kappa$</tex></formula>, whereas for comparatively short interconnects, pure SWCNT should be used. This tradeoff presented here can be treated as a way for obtaining a fairly well estimation of the vacancy concentration and mean time to failure in the bundles of CNT-based interconnects.
Innovation Policy and Nanotechnology Entrepreneurship

In this article, we explore the relationship between innovation policy and new venture creation in the United States. Specifically, we examine two components of innovation policy in nanotechnology—science and technology (S&T) initiatives and economic initiatives—and their relationship with the founding of nanotechnology firms. We find strong support relating new firm formation to S&T and economic initiatives. States with both S&T and economic initiatives had six times as many firms founded than those states without such initiatives. We also find evidence of a first–mover advantage as states with the earliest innovation policies had higher rates of related firm foundings over time. These findings suggest that states that are most attractive to entrepreneurs not only pursue technological innovation and provide resources, but also encourage and legitimize commercial development. Implications for public policy makers and scholars are provided.
C-C Chemokine Receptor 5 on Pulmonary Mesenchymal Cells Promotes Experimental Metastasis via the Induction of Erythroid Differentiation Regulator 1

C-C Chemokine receptor 5 knockout (Ccr5−/−) mice develop fewer experimental pulmonary metastases than wild-type (WT) mice. This phenomenon was explored by applying gene expression profiling to the lungs of mice with these metastases. Consequently, erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (Erdr1) was identified as upregulated in the WT mice. Though commonly associated with bone marrow stroma, Erdr1 was differentially expressed in WT pulmonary mesenchymal cells (PMC) and murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). Moreover, the Ccr5 ligand Ccl4 increased its expression by 3.36 ± 0.14–fold. Ccr5 signaling was dependent on the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (Map2k) but not the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (Pi3k) pathway because treatment with U0126 inhibited upregulation of Erdr1, but treatment with LY294002 increased the expression by 3.44 ± 0.92–fold (P < 0.05). The effect Erdr1 on B16-F10 melanoma metastasis was verified by the adoptive transfer of WT MEFs into Ccr5−/− mice. In this model, MEFs that had been transduced with Erdr1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lowered metastasis by 33% compared with control transduced MEFs. The relevance of ERDR1 on human disease was assessed by coculturing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells with M2-10B4 stromal cells that had been transfected with shRNA or control plasmids. After 96 hours of coculture, the cell counts were higher with control cell lines than with Erdr1 knockdown lines [odds ratio (OR), 1.88 ± 0.27, 2.52 ± 0.66, respectively]. This increase was associated with a decrease in apoptotic cells (OR, 0.69 ± 0.18, 0.58 ± 0.12, respectively). Implications: Therefore, ERDR1 is a stromal-derived factor that promotes cancer cell survival in vitro and in an experimental metastasis model. Mol Cancer Res; 12(2); 274–82. ©2013 AACR.
Do Economic Effects Justify the Use of Fiscal Incentives

The siting of a large, new firm is often presumed to give rise to significant economic and tax benefits to the community of location. This presumption serves as the basis for the granting of lucrative economic development incentives to footloose businesses. This article examines whether large, mobile firms generate significant net benefits for the region of location. Panel data and nonrandom estimation techniques are applied to a primary database of large firms that made location decisions in the 1980s to explore the impact of location on regional economic performance. The empirical analysis explores different treatment regions (both effects within the county and the metropolitan statistical area [MSA] of location) and different control regions. The results show that large firms fail to produce significant net benefits for their host communities, calling into question the high-stakes bidding war over jobs and investment.
Current Perspectives on Shareholder Proposals: Lessons from the 1997 Proxy Season

Rule 14a-8 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, commonly referred to as the shareholder-proposal rule, allows shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company's proxy materials. If the rule's procedures are followed, the company's shareholders will be asked to vote on the proposal at the company's next annual general meeting. By studying how shareholders voted on proposals during the 1997 proxy season, we provide a current perspective on shareholders' use of the proxy process to promote issues of corporate governance and social policy. Our focus on the 1997 proxy season permits an assessment of the potential impact of both the proposed rule changes and those that were actually adopted.
Phytotherapeutics: The Emerging Role of Intestinal and Hepatocellular Transporters in Drug Interactions with Botanical Supplements

In herbalism, botanical supplements are commonly believed to be safe remedies, however, botanical supplements and dietary ingredients interact with transport and metabolic processes, affecting drug disposition. Although a large number of studies have described that botanical supplements interfere with drug metabolism, the mode of their interaction with drug transport processes is not well described. Such interactions may result in serious undesired effects and changed drug efficacy, therefore, some studies on interaction between botanical supplement ingredients and drug transporters such as P-gp and OATPs are described here, suggesting that the interaction between botanical supplements and the drug transporters is clinically significant.
QSAR Modeling with the Electrotopological State: TIBO Derivatives

Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), based on the atom level E-state indices and calculated molecular properties (log P, MR), have been developed for the affinity of a large set of TIBO derivatives against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) utilizing multiple linear regression techniques. A model with five descriptors, including four atom level E-state indices (carbon atoms 2, 4, 8, and 9) and calculated log P, showed good statistics both in the regression (r2 = 0.85 and s = 0.52) and leave-one-out cross-validation (q2 = 0.80 and s(PRESS) = 0.56) for the training set of 41 compounds. The statistics for the prediction of anti-HIV activity in the test set of 24 TIBO derivatives were r2 = 0.80 and s = 0.64, respectively. The model descriptors indicate the importance of lipophilic and electronic contributions toward HIV-1 RT inhibition of TIBO derivatives used in this study.
A Recursive Shortest Path Routing Algorithm With Application for Wireless Sensor Network Localization

In this paper, we present a routing algorithm useful in the realm of centralized range-based localization schemes. The proposed method is capable of estimating the distance between two non-neighboring sensors in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. Our method employs a global table search of sensor edges and recursive functions to find all possible paths between a source sensor and a destination sensor with the minimum number of hops. Using a distance matrix, the algorithm evaluates and averages all paths to estimate a measure of distance between both sensors. Our algorithm is then analyzed and compared with classical and novel approaches, and the results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the other methods in distance estimate accuracy when used in random and uniform placement of nodes for large-scale wireless networks. Furthermore, the proposed methodology is suitable for the implementation in centralized localization schemes, such as multi-dimensional scaling, least squares, and maximum likelihood to mention a few.
Chaotic Patterns of Autonomic Activity During Hypnotic Recall

Chaoticneural dynamics likely emerge in cognitive processes and may present time periods that are extremely sensitive to influences affecting the neural system. Recent findings suggest that this sensitivity may increase during retrieval of stressful emotional experiences reflecting underlying mechanism related to consolidation of traumatic memories. In this context, hypnotic recall of anxiety memories in 10 patients, simultaneously with ECG measurement was performed. The same measurement was performed during control cognitive task in 8 anxiety patients and 22 healthy controls. Nonlinear data analysis of ECG records indicates significant increase in the degree of chaos during retrieval of stressful memory in all the patients. The results suggest a role of chaotic neural dynamics during processing of anxiety-related stressful memories.
Countries and Culture in Behavioral Finance

Behavioral finance has made important contributions to the field of investing by focusing on the cognitive and emotional aspects of the investment decision-making process. Although it is tempting to say that people are the same everywhere, the collective set of common experiences that people of the same culture share will influence their cognitive and emotional approach to investing. In this article, the author discusses the many cultural differences that may influence investor behavior and how these differences may influence the recommendations of a financial adviser.
Aperture-Coupled Frequency and Patterns Reconfigurable Microstrip Stacked Array Antenna

This paper investigates a novel structure of a reconfigurable microstrip antenna integrated with the aperture coupling technique which can reduce spurious radiation pattern with stacked patch in order to enhance the gain and bandwidth performance. The antenna design implements a new concept of the frequency reconfigurability methods applying in an aperture-coupled technique. Four PIN diode switches named as Switch A were used to activate the selected aperture slots on the ground, thus resulting in two different operating frequencies either at 2.6 or 3.5 GHz. Meanwhile, an additional four PIN diode switches named Switch B, positioned at the four L-stub elements were used to turn ON the patterns capabilities while maintaining the frequencies. The beam angle of the antenna can be controlled with turning ON Switch C and Switch D alternately in order to activate selected numbers of stacked radiating patches, either the two upper patches or two lower patches. With six cases of the switches configuration, the antenna has the capability to change its patterns with its beam directed at +32°, +3°, or -1° at 2.6 GHz or at +28°, +23°, or -24° at 3.5 GHz.
Why Is Non-revenue Water So High in So Many Cities?

The efficient management of water resources is a growing necessity. Paradoxically, although people are aware of this need, non-revenue water is excessive in many cities in the world. Non-revenue water data indicate that there is much room for improvement in water resource management in cities and they also suggest a lack of motivation to solve the problem in the short-term. This paper investigates the reasons why non-revenue water is so high in many cities around the world. The lack of incentives for management units, the defence of private interests due to corruption, the lack of awareness of citizens-users of the water service and the lack of political willingness are the main causes.
Coding of two-level pictures by pattern matching and substitution

A pattern matching approach is proposed for coding of two-level pictures. Patterns, which are either symbols such as characters, or fractions of black regions, such as line segments, are extracted from the facsimile. They are compared and matched to already transmitted patterns, called library patterns. If a correct match is detected, only the position of the pattern and the identification of the matching library pattern are transmitted. If a pattern does not match any library pattern, it is added to the library and its binary description is transmitted. Compared to conventional two-dimensional codes, the compression is often doubled and is sometimes 4.5 times higher. Compared to a symbol-matching coding technique,2 the compression has increased by 20 to 80 percent, depending upon the document.
Modelling knee range of motion post arthroplasty: clinical applications.

PURPOSE To model change in knee range of motion (ROM) post total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to show how this information can be incorporated into clinical decision making. METHOD We applied a variable-occasion repeated-measures study design. Patients' knee flexion and extension ROM were assessed pre- and post arthroplasty over the ensuing 60 weeks. We examined change in ROM post TKA using linear and nonlinear mixed-effects modelling, and examined whether age, body mass index, prearthroplasty ROM, and gender were determinants of recovery in post-arthroplasty ROM. RESULTS Of 93 eligible patients, 74 provided pre- and post-arthroplasty data. A random intercept nonlinear model fit the flexion data best, and a random intercept linear model fit the extension data best. Pre-arthroplasty ROM was found to be a determinant of recovery in ROM post arthroplasty. This finding was common to both flexion and extension models. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the greatest improvement for knee ROM took place during the first 12 weeks post arthroplasty. Of the variables examined, only pre-arthroplasty ROM was a determinant of outcome (p<0.05). The study results provide clinicians with data to determine expected rates of improvement for patients as well as the projected maximum ROM, facilitating improved clinical decision making.
The Dynamics of Dealer Markets Under Competition

The behavior of competing dealers in securities markets is analyzed. Securities are characterized by stochastic returns and stochastic transactions. Reservation bid and ask prices of dealers are derived under alternative assumptions about the degree to which transactions are correlated across stocks at a given time and over time in a given stock. The conditions for interdealer trading are specified, and the equilibrium distribution of dealer inventories and the equilibrium market spread are derived. Implications for the structure of securities markets are examined. IN THIS PAPER the behavior of competing dealers in security markets is examined. Much of the theoretical work on dealers (Demsetz [6], Tinic [18], Garman [8], Stoll [16], Amihud and Mendelson [1], Ho and Stoll [11], Copeland and Galai [3], Mildenstein and Schleef [13]) has recognized that dealers may face competition from other dealers or investors placing limit orders, but nonetheless has analyzed only a single (representative) dealer. This approach is quite reasonable for the New York Stock Exchange specialist who has a quasi-monopoly position, but it is less applicable when considering other markets such as the over-thecounter market where there are several dealers with equal access to the market. Similarly the empirical studies of dealer bid-ask spreads (Demsetz [6], Tinic [18], Tinic and West [19], Benston and Hagerman [2], Stoll [17], Smidt [15]) have either been based on models of a single dealer or have lacked a theoretical foundation based on the microeconomics of the dealer. This paper develops a theoretical model of equilibrium in a market with competing dealers and provides a basis for empirical work that would distinguish competing and monopolistic dealer markets. The paper is concerned with the behavior and interaction of individual competing dealers and with the determination of the market bid-ask spread. Markets with several dealers, several stocks and several periods are considered. Dealers bear risk arising not only from uncertainty about the returns on their inventories but also from uncertainty about the arrival of transactions. Each dealer also recognizes that his welfare depends on the actions of other dealers and each sets bid and ask prices to maximize his own expected utility of terminal wealth. A recent paper by Cohen, Maier, Schwartz and Whitcomb [5] examines similar issues in the context of an auction market in which the market spread is determined by limit orders. However, unlike the model of this paper, their analysis is not based as clearly on a model of individual traders' maximizing behaviors nor are the costs of placing * Financial support of the Dean's Fund for Faculty Research at the Owen Graduate School of
Poly[μ3-aqua-aqua(μ3-3,5-dinitrobenzoato-κO 1:O 3:O 5)caesium]

In the structure of the title complex, [Cs(C7H3N2O6)(H2O)2]n, the Cs salt of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, the metal complex centres have have irregular CsO8 coordination, comprising two water molecules (one triply bridging and the other monodentate) and four O-atom donors from two nitro groups and one bridging carboxylate O-atom donor from the ligand. Intra-unit O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions involving both water molecules are observed in the three-dimensional polymeric complex structure.
Why Destination Areas Rise and Fall in Popularity

ANY APPROACH to understanding why destination or resort areas rise and fall in popularity inevitably must involve an understanding of the psychology of people who travel. For more than five years, we have been heavily engaged in attempting to understand this psychology of travel at Basico to assist multiple clients in the travel business. This presentation leads sequentially through some of the studies we have conducted since our understanding about travel has grown over time as we have explored particular areas more in depth. In 1967, we conducted our first important study
The Flash Crash: An Examination of Shareholder Wealth and Market Quality

We investigate stock returns, market quality, and options market activity around the flash crash of May 6, 2010. Abnormal returns are negative on the day of and the day after the flash crash for stocks that had trades that executed during the crash subsequently cancelled by either Nasdaq or NYSE Arca. Consistent with studies that suggest that other sources of liquidity withdrew from the markets during the flash crash, we find that the fraction of trades executed by the NYSE increases during this volatile period. Market quality deteriorates following the flash crash as bid-ask spreads increase and quote depths decrease. Evidence from the options markets indicates that investor uncertainty increased around the time of the crash and remained elevated for several days.