Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term effects of nurse home visitation on children's criminal and antisocial behavior: 15-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT A program of home visitation by nurses has been shown to affect the rates of maternal welfare dependence, criminality, problems due to use of substances, and child abuse and neglect. However, the long-term effects of this program on children's antisocial behavior have not been examined. OBJECTIVE To examine the long-term effects of a program of prenatal and early childhood home visitation by nurses on children's antisocial behavior. DESIGN Fifteen-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Interviews were conducted with the adolescents and their biological mothers or custodial parents. SETTING Semirural community in New York. PARTICIPANTS Between April 1978 and September 1980, 500 consecutive pregnant women with no previous live births were recruited, and 400 were enrolled. A total of 315 adolescent offspring participated in a follow-up study when they were 15 years old; 280 (89%) were born to white mothers, 195 (62%) to unmarried mothers, 151 (48%) to mothers younger than 19 years, and 186 (59%) to mothers from households of low socioeconomic status at the time of registration during pregnancy. INTERVENTION Families in the groups that received home visits had an average of 9 (range, 0-16) home visits during pregnancy and 23 (range, 0-59) home visits from birth through the child's second birthday. The control groups received standard prenatal and well-child care in a clinic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Children's self-reports of running away, arrests, convictions, being sentenced to youth corrections, initiation of sexual intercourse, number of sex partners, and use of illegal substances; school records of suspensions; teachers' reports of children's disruptive behavior in school; and parents' reports of the children's arrests and behavioral problems related to the children's use of alcohol and other drugs. RESULTS Adolescents born to women who received nurse visits during pregnancy and postnatally and who were unmarried and from households of low socioeconomic status (risk factors for antisocial behavior), in contrast with those in the comparison groups, reported fewer instances (incidence) of running away (0.24 vs 0.60; P = .003), fewer arrests (0.20 vs 0.45; P = .03), fewer convictions and violations of probation (0.09 vs 0.47; P<.001), fewer lifetime sex partners (0.92 vs 2.48; P= .003), fewer cigarettes smoked per day (1.50 vs 2.50; P= .10), and fewer days having consumed alcohol in the last 6 months (1.09 vs 2.49; P = .03). Parents of nurse-visited children reported that their children had fewer behavioral problems related to use of alcohol and other drugs (0.15 vs 0.34; P = .08). There were no program effects on other behavioral problems. CONCLUSIONS This program of prenatal and early childhood home visitation by nurses can reduce reported serious antisocial behavior and emergent use of substances on the part of adolescents born into high-risk families.
Perceived Corporate Identity/Strategy Dissonance: Triggers and Managerial Responses

An emerging critical theme in the nascent field of corporate marketing and corporate identity is the identity/strategy dyad. However, little empirical research has been undertaken to explore such an interface in the field of marketing. This article reports a theory-building case study relating to identity and strategy during a period of environmental transformation. It was found that identity and strategy were perceived dissonant by senior managers under the presence of a strong industry-wide generic identity and associated perceived corporate strategy controversy. The study revealed that managers responded to such dissonance by means of attributing, self-legitimating and adjusting their perceptions of the organisation's identity and strategy.
'Zombie' Banks Make 'Zombie' Firms

This paper finds evidence that regulatory forbearance toward weakly capitalized banks, which creates “zombie” banks, leads to the creation of “zombie” firms in the Japanese banking crisis of 1997-2003. Capital weak banks bankrupt large borrowers at higher levels of indebtedness than similar firms with better capitalized banks. The average “zombie” entering bankruptcy has an extra 4.7 years of unlife and is 20.8% more indebted than bankrupt firms with better capitalized banks. This is the first direct evidence of bank capitalization being the driving force behind “zombie” firms. I quantify the direct costs of increased bad debts due to forbearance at 4.2% of nominal Japanese GDP in 1997 or US$181 billion. This does not include the indirect costs such as the loss to competitors through lower profitability and employment, nor the foregone profits for banks of not making loans to profitable firms. The results are robust to several alternative measures of indebtedness and are confirmed by robustness checks showing that weakly capitalized banks increase the rate of bad loan disposal and bankruptcies of listed firms after receiving government capital injections. These results are particularly relevant in the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008. Regulatory forbearance towards banks remains a politically more palatable option than extensive capital injection in many countries; this study suggests that forbearance may prove to be very costly.
Osteosarcoma Cells Enhance Angiogenesis Visualized by Color‐Coded Imaging in the In Vivo Gelfoam® Assay

We previously described a color‐coded imaging model that can quantify the length of nascent blood vessels using Gelfoam® implanted in nestin‐driven green fluorescent protein (ND‐GFP) nude mice. In ND‐GFP mice, nascent blood vessels are labeled with GFP. We report here that osteosarcoma cells promote angiogenesis in the Gelfoam® angiogenesis assay in ND‐GFP mice. Gelfoam® was initially transplanted subcutaneously in the flank of transgenic ND‐GFP nude mice. Seven days after transplantation of Gelfoam®, skin flaps were made and human 143B osteosarcoma cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the nucleus and red fluorescent protein (RFP) in cytoplasm were injected into the transplanted Gelfoam®. The control‐group mice had only implanted Gelfoam®. Skin flaps were made at days 14, 21, and 28 after transplantation of the Gelfoam® to allow imaging of vascularization in the Gelfoam® using a variable‐magnification small animal imaging system and confocal fluorescence microscopy. ND‐GFP expressing nascent blood vessels penetrated and spread into the Gelfoam® in a time‐dependent manner in both control and osteosarcoma‐implanted mice. ND‐GFP expressing blood vessels in the Gelfoam® of the osteosarcoma‐implanted mice were associated with the cancer cells and larger and longer than in the Gelfoam®‐only implanted mice (P < 0.01). The results presented in this report demonstrate strong angiogenesis induction by osteosarcoma cells and suggest this process is a potential therapeutic target for this disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1490–1494, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Widowhood Effect: A Comparison of Jews and Catholics

Using mortality data derived from tombstones in two Midwestern cemeteries, we compared the “widowhood effect” (decreased survival following the death of a spouse) among Jews and Catholics. Jewish men and women were both more likely to die sooner after the death of their spouses compared to Catholic men and women. Life table survival analysis indicated that the median number of years of survival following widowhood for Catholic and Jewish men were 7.7 years and 5.0 years, respectively (p < .01). For Catholic and Jewish women, it was 11.0 and 9.5 years, respectively (p < .01) Interpretations were offered in terms of Bowlby's attachment theory.
Iterative optimization of tool path planning in five-axis flank milling by sampling techniques

Optimization of tool path planning using meta-heuristic algorithms provides a feasible approach to reducing geometrical machining errors in 5-axis flank machining of ruled surfaces. However, these algorithms experienced unsatisfactory quality of optimal solutions and lengthy search time in high-dimensional search space. To solve this problem, we propose an iterative optimization framework by integrating sampling techniques. First, significant factors are identified by Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) from sample points generated by various sampling techniques. Simplified solution space is constructed only with those significant factors. Electromagnetism-like Mechanism (EM) is then applied to search through the simplified solution space constructed using those significant factors. Final optimal solutions are obtained after several iterations of the previous three steps. The test results of representative surfaces validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The solutions are similar to those of previous work while the number of calculations was significantly reduced.
Lymphoid neoplasm incidence by WHO subtype in Australia 1982–2006

There are limited data characterizing the subtype‐specific incidence of lymphoid neoplasms in the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification era. Data were obtained on all incident lymphoid neoplasms registered in Australia during 1982–2006. Subtypes were grouped using the InterLymph nested hierarchical classification, based on the 2008 WHO Classification. Temporal trends were examined using Joinpoint regression; average annual percentage change in incidence was computed. Multiple Poisson regression was used to compare incidence by sex and age. The incidence of all non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) increased by 2.5%/year during 1982–1996 and was stable thereafter. During 1997–2006, several mature B‐ and natural killer (NK)‐/T‐cell NHL subtypes increased in incidence, including diffuse large B‐cell (1.3%/year), follicular (2.5%/year), Burkitt (6.8%/year), marginal zone (13.2%/year), mantle cell (4.2%/year), peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (4.7%/year) and plasmacytoma (7.1%/year). While chronic lymphocytic leukemia incidence was stable, small lymphocytic lymphoma incidence declined (8.1%/year). Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) incidence increased during 1997–2006 (2.2%/year), both classical (4.3%/year) and nodular lymphocyte predominant (12.1%/year) HL. Diagnostic artifact, evidenced by a sustained decline in the incidence of NHL not otherwise specified (NOS; 5.8%/year) and lymphoid neoplasms NOS (5.6%/year), limits the interpretation of temporal trends for some subtypes. A marked male predominance was observed for almost all subtypes. Incidence of mature B‐ and NK‐/T‐cell NHL subtypes increased sharply with age, except for Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia. For HL subtypes, a bimodal age distribution was only evident for nodular sclerosis HL. Variation in incidence patterns over time and by sex and age supports etiological differences between lymphoid neoplasm subtypes.
A feedback linearization technique by using neural networks: Application to bioprocess control

In this paper an approach for the problem of feedback linearization of an uncertain system using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is proposed. A bioprocess system is considered as an example of a highly nonlinear and time varying uncertain system. The neural network is used as a compensator to the effect of the model uncertainties, which appear in the linearizing control law. The updating of the neural weights is carried out on-line using a conventional back propagation scheme. The stability of the tracking error system as well as the decay of the tracking error to zero are guaranteed by defining an appropriate error signal which has to be minimized by the trained ANN. It is also experimentally shown that the proposed neural network compensator performs well even in the case where the full state vector of the system is not available for measurement.
Mouse Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Stroke is the most common fatal neurological disease in the United States 1. The majority of strokes (88%) result from blockage of blood vessels in the brain (ischemic stroke) 2. Since most ischemic strokes (~80%) occur in the territory of middle cerebral artery (MCA) 3, many animal stroke models that have been developed have focused on this artery. The intraluminal monofilament model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) involves the insertion of a surgical filament into the external carotid artery and threading it forward into the internal carotid artery (ICA) until the tip occludes the origin of the MCA, resulting in a cessation of blood flow and subsequent brain infarction in the MCA territory 4. The technique can be used to model permanent or transient occlusion 5. If the suture is removed after a certain interval (30 min, 1 h, or 2 h), reperfusion is achieved (transient MCAO); if the filament is left in place (24 h) the procedure is suitable as a model of permanent MCAO. This technique does not require craniectomy, a neurosurgical procedure to remove a portion of skull, which may affect intracranial pressure and temperature 6. It has become the most frequently used method to mimic permanent and transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats and mice 7,8. To evaluate the extent of cerebral infarction, we stain brain slices with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to identify ischemic brain tissue 9. In this video, we demonstrate the MCAO method and the determination of infarct size by TTC staining.
Body-related behaviours and cognitions: relationship to eating psychopathology in non-clinical women and men.

BACKGROUND Eating disturbances and poor body image are maintained by body-related safety behaviours and their associated cognitions. These include body checking, avoidance, comparison and display, which can be seen as safety behaviours, maintaining eating pathology and poor body image. It is not clear from the existing literature whether these behavioural and cognitive patterns are independently related to eating psychopathology. METHOD This study of a non-clinical group of women and men (N = 250) explored the association of eating attitudes and behaviours with these four elements of body-related behaviours and cognitions. RESULTS It was found that each of the four elements had independent associations with eating attitudes and behaviours. Those associations were not explained by anxiety or depression levels. DISCUSSION Whilst these findings require study within a clinical group, they suggest that all four elements of body-related behaviours and cognitions need to be considered as potential maintaining factors when formulating eating psychopathology and body image disturbance.
Using the job demands‐resources model to predict burnout and performance

The job demands-resources (JD-R) model was used to examine the relationship between job characteristics, burnout, and (other-ratings of) performance (N = 146). We hypothesized that job demands (e.g., work pressure and emotional demands) would be the most important antecedents of the exhaustion component of burnout, which, in turn, would predict in-role performance (hypothesis 1). In contrast, job resources (e.g., autonomy and social support) were hypothesized to be the most important predictors of extra-role performance, through their relationship with the disengagement component of burnout (hypothesis 2). In addition, we predicted that job resources would buffer the relationship between job demands and exhaustion (hypothesis 3), and that exhaustion would be positively related to disengagement (hypothesis 4). The results of structural equation modeling analyses provided strong support for hypotheses 1, 2, and 4, but rejected hypothesis 3. These findings support the JD-R model's claim that job demands and job resources initiate two psychological processes, which eventually affect organizational outcomes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of breast self-examination (BSE) program for detection early stage of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common site-specific cancer in women and is the leading cause of death from cancer disease, patients were needed to diagnose at an early stage of disease for better prognosis. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of breast self-examination (BSE) training program of Provincial Public Health Office in Singburi. MATERIAL AND METHOD After the BSE program in Singburi Province was started in July 2005, the female breast cancer patients at Singburi Hospital during the period of two and a half years after BSE training program were recruited into the study. All samples completed questionnaires and thorough physical examination. The questionnaires included sociodemographic data, history of village health volunteer consultation about breast self-examination and the practice themselves of breast self-examination. The data from medical records, including the staging of the disease were collected. The data of female breast cancer patients at the same hospital during the period of two and a halfyears before the implement of BSE program were used to compare the results. RESULTS There were 43 patients offemale breast cancer before and 39 patients after BSE training program recruited into the study. The demographics data in both groups were not difference. The majorities ofpatients were wageworker low family income, married and had only elementary education level. There was no previous history of BSE practice in both groups before the BSE training program started. Before BSE training program, the early stage offemale breast cancer disease was diagnosed in 81.4% but after BSE training program, it was increasing to 89.7%. Almost patients found their breast masses by themselves. There were 2 patients whom their breast mass were found by village health volunteers consultation and 10 patients detected their breast mass by themselves after received information about breast self-examination from primary health care providers. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of early stage female breast cancer disease in this study was increasingly after BSE training program. This program may help to promote the detection of early stage offemale breast cancer. The further evaluation of this program is needed.
Estimation of volume of epithelial lining fluid recovered by lavage using urea as marker of dilution.

Bronchoalveolar lavage is a powerful technique for sampling the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the lower respiratory tract but also results in a significant dilution of that fluid. To quantify the apparent volume of ELF obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage, urea was used as an endogenous marker of ELF dilution. Since urea diffuses readily through the body, plasma and in situ ELF urea concentrations are identical; thus ELF volume can be calculated using simple dilution principles. Using this approach, we determined that with a standard lavage procedure, the volume of ELF recovered from a normal human is 1.0 +/- 0.1 ml/100 ml of recovered lavage fluid. Time course experiments in which the saline used for lavage was permitted to remain in the lower respiratory tract for various "dwell times" suggested that diffusion of urea from sources other than recovered ELF can contribute to the total urea recovered resulting in an overestimate of the volume of ELF recovered. Thus, while reasonably accurate, the volume of ELF determined by urea must be considered an overestimate, or "apparent" volume. The ELF albumin concentration based on the apparent ELF volume was 3.7 +/- 0.3 mg/ml, a value that is in good agreement with direct measurements made by other techniques in experimental animals. The density of all inflammatory and immune effector cells on the epithelial surface of the lower respiratory tract, based on the apparent ELF volume, was 21,000 +/- 3,000 cells/microliter, a value that is twofold greater than that in blood. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Perspective: Semantic data management for the home (CMU-PDL-08-105)

Perspective uses a new semantic filesystem construct, the view, to simplify management of distributed storage in the home. A view is a semantic description of a set of files, specified as a a query on file attributes. In Perspective, users can identify and control the files stored on a given device by examining and modifying the views associated with it. This approach allows them to reason about what is where in the same way (semantic naming) as they navigate their digital content. Thus, in serving as their own administrators, users do not have to deal with a second data organization scheme (hierarchical naming) to perform replica management tasks, such as specifying redundancy to provide reliability and data partitioning to address device capacity exhaustion. A set of extensive user studies confirm the difficulties created by current approaches and the efficacy of view-based data management. Acknowledgements: We thank the members and companies of the PDL Consortium (including APC, Cisco, EMC, Google, Hewlett-Packard, Hitachi, IBM, Intel, LSI, Microsoft, Network Appliance, Oracle, Seagate, Symantec, and VMware) for their interest, insights, feedback, and support. This material is based on research sponsored in part by the National Science Foundation, via grant #CNS-0326453, and by the Army Research Office, under agreement number DAAD19–02–1–0389. Brandon Salmon is supported in part by an Intel Fellowship. Special thanks to Rob Reeder, for all his help in setting up the user study.
Explorer Genome-wide mRNA expression profiling in vastus lateralis of COPD patients with low and normal fat free mass index and healthy controls

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has significant systemic effects beyond the lungs amongst which muscle wasting is a prominent contributor to exercise limitation and an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality. The molecular mechanisms leading to skeletal muscle dysfunction/wasting are not fully understood and are likely to be multi-factorial. The need to develop therapeutic strategies aimed at improving skeletal muscle dysfunction/wasting requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for these abnormalities. Microarrays are powerful tools that allow the investigation of the expression of thousands of genes, virtually the whole genome, simultaneously. We aim at identifying genes and molecular pathways involved in skeletal muscle wasting in COPD. Methods: We assessed and compared the vastus lateralis transcriptome of COPD patients with low fat free mass index (FFMI) as a surrogate of muscle mass (COPDL) (FEV1 30 ± 3.6%pred, FFMI 15 ± 0.2 Kg.m ) with patients with COPD and normal FFMI (COPDN) (FEV1 44 ± 5.8%pred, FFMI 19 ± 0.5 Kg.m ) and a group of age and sex matched healthy controls (C) (FEV1 95 ± 3.9%pred, FFMI 20 ± 0.8 Kg.m ) using Agilent Human Whole Genome 4x44K microarrays. The altered expression of several of these genes was confirmed by real time TaqMan PCR. Protein levels of P21 were assessed by immunoblotting. Results: A subset of 42 genes was differentially expressed in COPDL in comparison to both COPDN and C (PFP < 0.05; −1.5 ≥ FC ≥ 1.5). The altered expression of several of these genes was confirmed by real time TaqMan PCR and correlated with different functional and structural muscle parameters. Five of these genes (CDKN1A, GADD45A, PMP22, BEX2, CGREF1, CYR61), were associated with cell cycle arrest and growth regulation and had been previously identified in studies relating muscle wasting and ageing. Protein levels of CDKN1A, a recognized marker of premature ageing/cell cycle arrest, were also found to be increased in COPDL. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of differentially expressed genes in peripheral muscle in COPD patients corresponding to relevant biological processes associated with skeletal muscle wasting and provides potential targets for future therapeutic interventions to prevent loss of muscle function and mass in COPD.