Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Urocortin III-Immunoreactive Projections in Rat Brain: Partial Overlap with Sites of Type 2 Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor Receptor Expression

Urocortin (Ucn) III, or stresscopin, is a new member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) peptide family identified in mouse and human. Pharmacological studies showed that Ucn III is a high-affinity ligand for the type 2 CRF receptor (CRF-R2). To further understand physiological functions the peptide may serve in the brain, the distribution of Ucn III neurons and fibers was examined byin situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in the rat brain. Ucn III-positive neurons were found predominately within the hypothalamus and medial amygdala. In the hypothalamus, Ucn III neurons were observed in the median preoptic nucleus and in the rostral perifornical area lateral to the paraventricular nucleus. The Ucn III fibers were distributed mainly in the hypothalamus and limbic structures. Hypothalamic regions that were innervated prominently by Ucn III fibers included the ventromedial nucleus, medial preoptic nucleus, and ventral premammillary nucleus. Outside the hypothalamus, the densest projections were found in the intermediate part of the lateral septum, posterior division of the bed nucleus stria terminalis, and the medial nucleus of the amygdala. Several major Ucn III terminal fields identified in the present study, including the lateral septum and the ventromedial hypothalamus, are known to express high levels of CRF-R2. Thus, these anatomical data strongly support the notion that Ucn III is an endogenous ligand for CRF-R2 in these areas. These results also suggest that Ucn III is positioned to play a role in mediating physiological functions, including food intake and neuroendocrine regulation.
THE STUDY OF LIFE BOREDOM

This article extends the study of a phenomenological investigation (Bargdill, R. W., 2000) in which six participants wrote protocols and gave interviews describing the experience of being bored with their lives. This study found that the participants gradually became bored after they had compromised their life-projects for less desired projects. The participants felt emotionally ambivalent because they were thematically angry with others involved in their compromises while being pre-reflectively angry with themselves. The participants non-thematically adopted passive and avoidant stances toward their lives that allowed their boredom to spread to more aspects of their lives. The participants' boredom led them to identity issues because they no longer were actively working toward projects. They felt empty and apathetic because they felt every action led to boredom, and thus action was futile. Preliminary distinctions between the experience of life boredom and depression are considered.
Power allocation for cognitive ad hoc network with relay assisted primary link

In this paper, power allocation for cognitive wireless network is investigated with the spectrum underlay strategy where primary users (PUs) and cognitive users (CUs) communicate via the same channel. We propose a scheme based on geometric programming to maximize the capacity of CUs keeping the interference to the PUs due to CUs below a threshold value maintaining the quality of service for the primary network. Then we extend the system to a relay assisted primary link scenario and simulation results show that simultaneous transmission in both primary links is possible when using the proposed power allocation method.
The Accumulation of National Belonging in Transnational Fields: Ways of Being at Home in Vietnam

The notion of transnational citizenship emphasizes the mobility and flexibility of transmigrants with respect to the affective claims and disciplinary operations of the nation-state. Such representations tend to make redundant the analysis of the deep commitments of time, acculturation, and identification that have traditionally been considered the sine qua non of national belonging. I shall aim to put these modalities of citizenship into a more dialectical relation by arguing that in order to reap the full benefits of their mobility, that is, to be able to secure the highest rates of conversion for their transnational cultural capital, transmigrants must legitimate their claims to national membership by accumulating practical national belonging. These issues will be explored through an ethnographic analysis of the strategies by which overseas Vietnamese attempt to assert and accumulate legitimacy as subjects of national belonging in Vietnam.
Police (Canteen) Sub-Culture. An Appreciation

Police sub-culture is often portrayed as a pervasive, malign and potent influence on the behaviour of officers. The grounds for this portrayal are, however, insubstantial and appear to rely more upon the condemnatory potential of the concept than its explanatory power. This article reviews the literature on police sub-culture and concludes that what occurs in the canteen is expressive talk designed to give purpose and meaning to inherently problematic occupational experience. The canteen is an arena of action separate from the street, where in contrast to the latter officers act before an audience of their peers.
Leader self-structure: a framework for positive leadership

We expand the conceptualization of positive leadership and hypothesize that leaders' ability to influence followers across varied complex situations will be enhanced through the development of a rich and multifaceted self-construct. Utilizing self-complexity theory and other aspects of research on self-representation, we show how the structure and structural dynamics of leaders' self-constructs are linked to their varied role demands by calling forth cognitions, affects, goals and values, expectancies, and self-regulatory plans that enhance performance. Through this process, a leader is able to bring the “right stuff” (the appropriate ensemble of attributes) to bear on and succeed in the multiple challenges of leadership. We suggest future research to develop dimensional typologies related to leadership-relevant aspects of the self and also to link individual positive self-complexity to more aggregate positive organizational processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Redox-Mediated Modulation of Stem Bolting in Transgenic Nicotiana sylvestris Differentially Expressing the External Mitochondrial NADPH Dehydrogenase1[W][OA]

Cytosolic NADPH can be directly oxidized by a calcium-dependent NADPH dehydrogenase, NDB1, present in the plant mitochondrial electron transport chain. However, little is known regarding the impact of modified cytosolic NADPH reduction levels on growth and metabolism. Nicotiana sylvestris plants overexpressing potato (Solanum tuberosum) NDB1 displayed early bolting, whereas sense suppression of the same gene led to delayed bolting, with consequential changes in flowering time. The phenotype was dependent on light irradiance but not linked to any change in biomass accumulation. Whereas the leaf NADPH/NADP+ ratio was unaffected, the stem NADPH/NADP+ ratio was altered following the genetic modification and strongly correlated with the bolting phenotype. Metabolic profiling of the stem showed that the NADP(H) change affected relatively few, albeit central, metabolites, including 2-oxoglutarate, glutamate, ascorbate, sugars, and hexose-phosphates. Consistent with the phenotype, the modified NDB1 level also affected the expression of putative floral meristem identity genes of the SQUAMOSA and LEAFY types. Further evidence for involvement of the NADPH redox in stem development was seen in the distinct decrease in the stem apex NADPH/NADP+ ratio during bolting. Additionally, the potato NDB1 protein was specifically detected in mitochondria, and a survey of its abundance in major organs revealed that the highest levels are found in green stems. These results thus strongly suggest that NDB1 in the mitochondrial electron transport chain can, by modifying cell redox levels, specifically affect developmental processes.
Large trials vs meta-analysis of smaller trials.

To the Editor. —The article by Dr Cappelleri and colleagues 1 suggests that larger trials and meta-analyses of smaller medical intervention studies typically yield the same result. Although assumptions in conventional statistical power analysis predict that large trials gauging a population effect yield parallel results to aggregated smaller trials, questions of treatment integrity yield a different prediction. For example, larger studies may involve more personnel who are less likely to be trained as scientists or who may be less concerned with the scientific integrity of the trial. The hypothesis that larger studies should produce smaller effects is best tested by examining treatment magnitude as a continuous function of the sample size, an analysis that Cappelleri et al did not report. Recent meta-analyses of behavioral intervention studies examining health-risk behaviors provide another opportunity to test this hypothesis. Our search of MEDLINE (1966 through December 1996) and other databases (eg, PsychLIT, January 1974 through September
Identity Education in Multicultural Germany

This paper addresses conditions of identity education in Germany within the framework of multicultural education. The author focuses on the interaction theory of Krappmann (1971), which provides a framework for dealing with the necessities of identity education for migrant and German students. After outlining the new challenges for identity education in Germany caused by globalisation, European development, national unification and immigration, the author discusses the role of language within identity development. In the main section of the paper, the importance of identity education for migrant students and German students living together in a multicultural society is discussed. It is concluded that identity education for all students must focus on a multilayered or multicultural identity in order to enable all students to develop role distance, ambiguity tolerance, empathy and presentation of identity.
Developing a Malaysian Psychotic Symptom Screening Inventory: an exploratory study

Psychiatric screening and diagnostic assessments in Malaysia are generally translated versions of existing tools from the West due to the lack of research on indigenous mental health concepts for diagnostic and treatment purposes. This study examined the syndromes of psychotic disorder based on Western constructs within the local context to see its applicability in Malaysia. Knowledge of this investigation would help in determining the extent of adapted tools in Malaysia with regards to validity of use. Concurrently, this study aimed to develop a Malaysian Psychotic Symptoms Screening Inventory as a primary-care-level psychiatric screener. A total of 344 respondents (174 psychotic and 170 non-psychotic respondents) were recruited. Items in the instrument were derived from commonly used Western-based inventories. The generated inventory was self-administered and data collected from the respondents were factor analysed using Principle Component Analysis. Results revealed four factors, of which three indicated significance in discriminating between non-psychotics and psychotic individuals. These factors were inconsistent with Western constructs of psychosis, suggesting that psychosis could be manifested differently in Malaysia. Further studies should focus on indigenous concepts in developing localised psychiatric screening tools.
Generation and Detection of 28 Gbaud Polarization Switched-QPSK in WDM Long-Haul Transmission Systems

We report on an experimental long-haul transmission of a 28 Gbaud PS-QPSK signal in WDM scenarios. This report presents, to the authors' knowledge, a novel implementation of an optical coherent receiver for the polarization-switched quadrature phase shift keying (PS-QPSK) modulation format, with minor variations on the standard coherent PDM-QPSK receiver. We compare the performance of PS-QPSK with that of PDM-QPSK, over a WDM system based on 100 Gb/s PDM-QPSK and standard single mode fiber (SSMF), and we demonstrate its interest for software-defined optical transceivers operating over dispersion managed and non-managed transmission links.
Subjective Well-Being for Children in a Rural Community

ABSTRACT. This study examined indicators of rural children's subjective well-being and the prediction of well-being indicators from person variables as well as home, life, neighborhood, school, and peer-group contexts. Seventh-grade children (Mage = 13 years, age range = 12–14 years) in a rural Midwestern U.S. community (N = 149) completed an adapted version of an international survey measuring children's subjective well-being and ecological contexts in childhood and adolescence. Indicators of children's subjective well-being (including life satisfaction, mental health, and self-image) were significantly correlated with all home, life, neighborhood, school, and peer contexts except life stress. Regression and bootstrap analyses suggest that the strongest predictors of both life satisfaction and mental health were school satisfaction and family, teacher, and peer relationships. The strongest predictors of self-image were gender, number of residences, school satisfaction, and teacher and peer relationships. Findings suggest that a model of subjective well-being that accounts for relational factors, as well as person and other environmental factors, is potentially useful for understanding children's subjective well-being. Results are discussed in the context of ecological, relationship-based interventions from early childhood through school-age years. Future studies should test this model with samples diverse in child age, culture, and geographical locations.
Model-based clustered-dot screening

I propose a halftone screen design method based on a human visual system model and the characteristics of the electro-photographic (EP) printer engine. Generally, screen design methods based on human visual models produce dispersed-dot type screens while design methods considering EP printer characteristics generate clustered-dot type screens. In this paper, I propose a cost function balancing the conflicting characteristics of the human visual system and the printer. By minimizing the obtained cost function, I design a model-based clustered-dot screen using a modified direct binary search algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the superior quality of the model-based clustered-dot screen compared to a conventional clustered-dot screen.
Nortriptyline versus fluoxetine in the treatment of depression and in short-term recovery after stroke: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

OBJECTIVE This study compared nortriptyline and fluoxetine with placebo in the treatment of depression and in recovery from physical and cognitive impairments after stroke. METHOD A total of 104 patients with acute stroke enrolled between 1991 and 1997 entered a double-blind randomized study comparing nortriptyline, fluoxetine, and placebo over 12 weeks of treatment. The majority of patients were recruited from a rehabilitation hospital in Des Moines, Iowa, but other enrollment sites were also used. Both depressed and nondepressed patients were enrolled to determine whether improved recovery could be mediated by mechanisms unrelated to depression. Nortriptyline in doses of 25 mg/day gradually increased to 100 mg/day or fluoxetine in doses of 10 mg/day gradually increased to 40 mg/day or identical placebo were given over 12 weeks. Response to treatment of depression for individual patients was defined as a greater-than-50% reduction in scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and no longer fulfilling diagnostic criteria for major or minor depression. Improved recovery for a treatment group was defined as a significantly higher mean score from baseline to end of the treatment trial, compared with patients treated with placebo, on measures of impairment in activities of daily living and levels of cognitive and social functioning. RESULTS Nortriptyline produced a significantly higher response rate than fluoxetine or placebo in treating poststroke depression, in improving anxiety symptoms, and in improving recovery of activities of daily living as measured by the Functional Independence Measure. There was no effect of nortriptyline or fluoxetine on recovery of cognitive or social functioning among depressed or nondepressed patients. Fluoxetine in increasing doses of 10-40 mg/day led to an average weight loss of 15. 1 pounds (8% of initial body weight) over 12 weeks of treatment that was not seen with nortriptyline or placebo. CONCLUSIONS Given the doses of medication used in this study, nortriptyline was superior to fluoxetine in the treatment of poststroke depression. Demonstrating a benefit of antidepressant treatment in recovery from stroke may require the identification of specific subgroups of patients, alternative measurement scales, or the optimal time of treatment.
Deep Spatial-Semantic Attention for Fine-Grained Sketch-Based Image Retrieval

Human sketches are unique in being able to capture both the spatial topology of a visual object, as well as its subtle appearance details. Fine-grained sketch-based image retrieval (FG-SBIR) importantly leverages on such fine-grained characteristics of sketches to conduct instance-level retrieval of photos. Nevertheless, human sketches are often highly abstract and iconic, resulting in severe misalignments with candidate photos which in turn make subtle visual detail matching difficult. Existing FG-SBIR approaches focus only on coarse holistic matching via deep cross-domain representation learning, yet ignore explicitly accounting for fine-grained details and their spatial context. In this paper, a novel deep FG-SBIR model is proposed which differs significantly from the existing models in that: (1) It is spatially aware, achieved by introducing an attention module that is sensitive to the spatial position of visual details: (2) It combines coarse and fine semantic information via a shortcut connection fusion block: and (3) It models feature correlation and is robust to misalignments between the extracted features across the two domains by introducing a novel higher-order learnable energy function (HOLEF) based loss. Extensive experiments show that the proposed deep spatial-semantic attention model significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art.
OECD GUIDELINE FOR THE TESTING OF CHEMICALS The Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay

1. The need to develop and validate an assay capable of detecting substances active in the thyroid system of vertebrate species originates from concerns that environmental levels of chemicals may cause adverse effects in both humans and wildlife. In 1998, the OECD initiated a high-priority activity to revise existing guidelines and to develop new guidelines for the screening and testing of potential endocrine disrupters. One element of the activity was to develop a test guideline for the screening of substances active on the thyroid system of vertebrate species. Both an enhancement of the 28-day repeat dose in rodents (Test Guideline 407) and the Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay (AMA) were proposed. The enhanced TG 407 underwent validation and a revised Test guideline has been issued. The Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay (AMA) underwent an extensive validation programme which included intraand inter-laboratory studies demonstrating the relevance and reliability of the assay 1,2 . This Test Guideline is the outcome of the experience gained during the validation studies for the detection of thyroid active substances, and of work conducted elsewhere in OECD member countries.
Iterative Referencing for Improving the Interpretation of DNA Sequence Data

Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) facilitates genetic studies to discover SNP and INDEL variations associated with Mendelian and complex diseases. The measurement process, which generates millions of short DNA reads, creates various data processing and interpretation challenges for which a multitude of software tools are being developed. A key parameter in this process is mapping accuracy because reads mapped incorrectly to a reference genome dramatically increase false positive rates of discovered variations and lower the detection rate of true positive variations. We present a revised approach, Iterative Referencing (IR), that increases the accuracy of mapping the sequenced data by iteratively improving the reference genome via the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. The idea is that if sucient number of reads in the data set contain a specic homozygous variation that is not seen in the reference genome then the reference genome should be altered to contain that variation to better represent the data under study. The results demonstrate that IR improves the alignment process by up to 6.8%, increases the detection rate of true variations by up to 3.5%, and decreases the rate of false variations up to 1.5%, all measured with respect to the original reference genome.
Barriers and motivational factors towards physical activity in daily life living with COPD – an interview based pilot study

ABSTRACT Background: In Denmark, few people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) engage in physical activity although it is evident that pulmonary rehabilitation has positive effects on physical activity, dyspnoea, anxiety, fatigue and quality of life. Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to explore why people with COPD do not engage in physical activity and to explore motivational factors and barriers towards physical activity. Furthermore, to explore the role general practitioners have in this matter. Design: We conducted fieldwork among five people with COPD and three general practitioners using qualitative semi-structured interviews. We made a thematic analysis and our analytical perspective was based on The Health Belief Model and Self Determination Theory. Results: Findings revealed that people with COPD was not active because they did not receive the necessary information from the general practitioners about the benefits of physical activity neither about the negative consequences of an inactive lifestyle. Motivational factors were knowledge about COPD and benefits of physical activity. Experiencing the benefits on their own bodies, feeling that it was not dangerous to feel breathless and being successful coping with breathlessness were motivational. Functional tests like walking tests were very important and motivational for the participants because they outlined the progress achieved during activity and provided evidence of progress that was easy to comprehend compared with spirometry tests. General practitioners did not inform about the benefits of physical activity because they felt that medication was more important than physical activity and that people with COPD would not be motivated to be active. Conclusions: The main reason for people with COPD not being physically active in our study was lack of sufficient information from their general practitioners. This study described some barriers, enablers and motivational factors for a physically active lifestyle and the general practitioners’ role in this. Thus, it is important that people with COPD receive early information about physical activity - and it should start with the general practitioners, who are the gate keepers in the health care system. We recommend that lung function test results are never used as a single indicator of disease progression and that more focus should be paid to functional tests like The Shuttle Walking Test or The Six Minute Walking Test.Further studies to identify barriers to, and facilitators for referral people with COPD to physical activity in daily life from the perspective of Danish general practitioners are required.