Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis: Chapter 10 – Some Regression Models for Af Measures

Chapter 10 provides the reader with a general modelling framework for analysing the determinants of poverty measures presented in Chapter 5 for both micro and macro levels of analyses. At the micro level, we present a model where the focal variable is a person’s poverty status. At the macro level we present a model where the focal variable is an overall poverty measure like the poverty headcount ratio or the adjusted headcount ratio. The chapter presents these regression models within the structure of Generalised Linear Models (GLM’s), which allow accounting for the bounded and discrete variables. GLMs encompass linear regression models, logit and probit models, and models for fractional data. Thus, they offer a general framework for our analysis of functional relationships with AF measures presented in Chapter 5.
A recipe for postfledging survival in great tits Parus major: be large and be early (but not too much)

Abstract Survival of juveniles during the postfledging period can be markedly low, which may have major consequences on avian population dynamics. Knowing which factors operating during the nesting phase affect postfledging survival is crucial to understand avian breeding strategies. We aimed to obtain a robust set of predictors of postfledging local survival using the great tit (Parus major) as a model species. We used mark–recapture models to analyze the effect of hatching date, temperatures experienced during the nestling period, fledging size and body mass on first‐year postfledging survival probability of great tit juveniles. We used data from 5192 nestlings of first clutches ringed between 1993 and 2010. Mean first‐year postfledging survival probability was 15.2%, and it was lower for smaller individuals, as well as for those born in either very early or late broods. Our results stress the importance of choosing an optimum hatching period, and raising large chicks to increase first‐year local survival probability in the studied population.
Discourse production and translation A cognitive approach to the ( re ) creation of rhetorical structure

This study focuses on discourse production in translation. More specifically, it explores a much debated question in translation research, namely the extent to which translational discourse production may be considered as a merely derivative/reproductive activity, or rather as a special, complex activity that is a composite of both creative discourse production and reproduction. The problem is approached from a cognitive perspective and is investigated through a crucial aspect of discourse coherence, rhetorical structure (Mann and Thompson 1986), the example of news translation, and the case of the Hungarian and English language pair. Based on the findings of a corpus-based case study (Károly 2013), it is argued that (1) translational discourse production is not a purely derivative/reproductive process as it combines both creative/productive as well as reproductive activities and that (2) the degree to which the translator may be creative/productive in the process of translation depends on the aim and the function of the translation and the type and genre of the discourse translated. The paper concludes by the implications of the findings for the study of translation as text.
A geographic routing scheme with dead-end avoidance for large-scale MANETs

In geographic routing schemes, packets are delivered to destinations based on the node location information. The geographic routing scheme is suitable for large-scale multi-hop wireless networks such as MANETs and VANETs because it works based only on the routing information obtained from the 1-hop beacon broadcasting. However, this routing information is limited in nature, resulting in frequent dead-ends. In this paper, we propose a geographic routing mechanism for multi-hop wireless networks that provides reliable and efficient routes by selecting stable next-hop nodes. In the proposed mechanism, each node computes the range of azimuth angle that it can cover by using the information in beacon messages. Based on the azimuth range information as a routing metric, a node establishes a reliable route for packet delivery. We compare our proposed mechanism with the well-known GPSR and the DR schemes by performing the NS-2 based simulations and show that our mechanism outperforms them in terms of packet delivery success rate.
Software Defining System Devices with the "Banana" Double-Split Driver Model

This paper introduces a software defined device driver layer that enables new ways of wiring devices within and across cloud environments. It builds on the split driver model, which is used in paravirtualization (e.g., Xen) to multiplex hardware devices across all VMs. In our approach, called the Banana Double-Split Driver Model, the back-end portion of the driver is resplit and rewired such that it can be connected to a different back-end driver on another hypervisor. Hypervisors supporting Banana cooperate with each other to (1) expose a consistent interface to rewire the back-end drivers, (2) allow different types of connections (e.g., tunnels, RDMA, etc.) to coexist and be hot-swapped to optimize for placement, proximity, and hardware, and (3) migrate backend connections between hypervisors to maintain connectivity irrespective of physical location. We have implemented an early prototype of Banana for network devices. We show how network devices can be split, rewired, and live migrated across cloud providers with as low as 1.4 sec of downtime, while fully maintaining the logical topology between application components.
Cyclin E restores p53 activity in contact-inhibited cells

The wild-type p53 protein is a potent growth suppressor when overexpressed in vitro. It functions as a transcriptional activator and causes growth arrest at the G1/S stage of the cell cycle. We monitored p53 transactivation as an indicator of p53 function throughout the cell cycle. We first demonstrate that cells which exhibited contact inhibition of growth lacked p53 transactivation function at high cell density. Since these cells were noncycling, we examined whether the ectopic expression of any cyclin could override contact inhibition of growth and restore p53 transactivation function. The transfection of cyclin E at high cell density stimulated the progression of cells through the cell cycle and restored p53 transactivation function. The transcriptional activity of p53 induced by cyclin E was regulated at the level of DNA binding. Cells that did not show contact inhibition of growth had a functional p53 regardless of cell density. Thus, contact inhibition of cell growth corresponded to a lack of p53 transactivation function and the overexpression of cyclin E in these contact-inhibited cells stimulated cell cycle progression and resulted in p53 transcriptional activity.
Solve customers' problems: interactive evolution for tinkering with computer animation

Abstract This paper addresses an issue of solving customers’ prob-lems when applying evolutionary computation. Rather thanthe seemingly more impressive approach of wow-it-all-evolved-from-nothing,tinkering with exisiting models can bea more pragmatic approach in doing so. Using interactiveevolution, we experimentally validate this point on settingparameters of a human walk model for computer animationwhile previous applications are mostly about evolving mo-tion controllers of far simpler creatures from scratch.Key W ords: interactive evolution, genetic algorithms,synthetic actors, virtual humanoids, applications of artiﬁciallife technologies, computer animation. 1 Introduction Artiﬁcial Life aims at understanding life-like phenomena by at-tempting to synthesize them from scratch. This synthesis part hasalso attracted interests from many application ﬁelds and some ofArtiﬁcial Life techniques are employed to them: for example, evo-lutionary computation for computer animation. Genetic algorithmsare used to synthesize stimulus-responsive motion controllers for2D and 3D articulated ﬁgures [1][13]. The morphologies of virtualcreatures in simulated 3D physical worlds and the neural systemsfor controlling their muscle forces are both evolved using geneticprogramming based on graph genotype [16]. Standard genetic pro-gramming is also applied for motion controllers for a ﬁx ed mor-phology [8][9][10]. Both a genetic algorithm and interactive evo-
Automatic Single Page-based Algorithms for Medieval

Over recent years, a large number of historical manuscripts have been digitized and made public, successfully building numerous digital libraries all over the world. For massive collections, there is a pressing need for automatic computer-aided techniques that are able to perform prompt and intelligent document analysis in order to extract various types of information [Pintus et al. 2015], such as text lines and capital letters. Given the extracted information of interest, scholars can then carry out their manuscript studies more efficiently and in greater depth. While manual or semi-automatic techniques can be used for performing analysis on smaller datasets, once the datasets reach a certain
Reduction of optic nerve fiber layer thickness in CADASIL

Our study aims to assess nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness in patients affected by cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Six CADASIL patients (mean age 42 ± 16 years, best corrected visual acuity >20/20 with refractive error between ±3 diopters, intraocular pressure <18 mmHg) were enrolled. They were compared with 16 age‐matched controls. In all subjects enrolled, NFL thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Three different measurements were taken in each quadrant (superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal) and averaged. The data from all quadrants (12 values averaged) were identified as NFL overall. In CADASIL eyes there was a reduction of NFL thickness in each quadrant and in the NFL overall evaluation compared with the values observed in control eyes. Our results suggest that in CADASIL patients there is a reduction of NFL thickness evaluated by OCT. This morphological abnormality could be ascribed to an impairment of the retinal vascular supply leading to a global neuroretinal involvement. These anatomical changes may precede the onset of the neurological clinical manifestations.
A Haptic Based Virtual Assembly System for the Generation of Assembly Process Plans

Virtual assembly systems to date have tended to rely on pre-defined associations with a set of operation as a means to automate the generation of assembly plans. Even with the introduction of glove-based devices and wands as interactive manipulation implements, these systems still rely on the classical assembly techniques such as proximity snapping, constraint and axis-assisted co-location to mate components together. Consequently, data relating to associated procedural and final operational assembly information becomes obscured. The loss of such precise details and fitting operations has implications downstream, for example, when robotic assembly instructions or manual instructions are required. This paper investigates the use of a free-form haptic virtual environment to generate assembly plans based on the userobject interaction information obtained during the virtual assembly. Using Gilbreth’s time and motion study this paper reports how such a classical method has been successfully implemented in identifying assembly operations, such as positioning and assembling. By analysing the therblig units associated with a process, unneeded movements can be eliminated to optimise a task and to generate an assembly process plan.
The REFLECT Statement: Reporting Guidelines for Randomized Controlled Trials in Livestock and Food Safety: Explanation and Elaboration †

Concerns about the completeness and accuracy of reporting of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and the impact of poor reporting on decision making have been documented in the medical field over the past several decades. Experience from RCTs in human medicine would suggest that failure to report critical trial features can be associated with biased estimated effect measures, and there is evidence to suggest that similar biases occur in RCTs conducted in livestock populations. In response to these concerns, standardized guidelines for reporting RCTs were developed and implemented in human medicine. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement was first published in 1996, with a revised edition published in 2001. The CONSORT statement consists of a 22‐item checklist for reporting a RCT and a flow diagram to follow the number of participants at each stage of a trial. An explanation and elaboration document not only defines and discusses the importance of each of the items, but also provides examples of how this information could be supplied in a publication. Differences between human and livestock populations necessitate modifications to the CONSORT statement to maximize its usefulness for RCTs involving livestock. These have been addressed in an extension of the CONSORT statement titled the REFLECT statement: Methods and processes of creating reporting guidelines for randomized control trials for livestock and food safety. The modifications made for livestock trials specifically addressed the common use of group housing and group allocation to intervention in livestock studies; the use of deliberate challenge models in some trials and the common use of non‐clinical outcomes, such as contamination with a foodborne pathogen. In addition, the REFLECT statement for RCTs in livestock populations proposed specific terms or further clarified terms as they pertained to livestock studies.
Adaptive geospatially focused crawling

Location information on the Web is a precious asset for a multitude of applications and is becoming an increasingly important dimension in Web search. Even though more and more Web pages carry location information, they form only a small share of all pages and are scattered over the Web. To efficiently find and index location-related Web content, we propose an efficient crawling strategy that retrieves precisely those pages that are geospatially relevant while minimizing the amount of the non-spatially-relevant pages within the crawled pages. We propose to address this challenge by expanding the technique of focused crawling to exploit location references on Web pages to specifically retrieve geospatial topics on the Web. In this paper, we describe the design and development of a focused crawler with an adaptive geospatial focus that efficiently retrieves and identifies location-relevant documents on the Web. Drawing from geospatial features of both Web pages and the link graph, a crawl strategy based on Bayesian classifiers prioritizes promising links and pages, leading to a faster coverage of the desired geospatial topic as a means for fast creation of precise geospatial Web indexes. We present evaluations of the system's performance and share our findings on the geospatial Web graph and the distribution of location references on the Web.
Thwarting the probabilistic selfish behaviours in packet forwarding of multihop ad hoc networks

Upcoming Wireless networks have been emerging in the real world applications as well as in researching. Multihop characteristics of ad hoc networks may lead to most of their challenges. Selfishness is an inevitable behavior in these networks and many researches have been performing to thwart it. In this paper we investigate some game theory selfish model and incentive VCG payments to motivate relay ad hoc nodes for cooperation in forwarding packets in some probabilistic ad hoc scenarios. The throughput of each scenario in simulation is shown as well as the cases where such payments are not efficient. Our proposed method for improvement payment especially in the challenging single route network scenario is suggested.
Visual speech encoding based on facial landmark registration

Visual Speech Recognition (VSR) related studies largely ignore the use of state of the art approaches in facial landmark localization, and are also deficit of robust visual features and its temporal encoding. In this work, we propose a visual speech temporal encoding by integrating state of the art fast and accurate facial landmark detection based on ensemble of regression trees learned using gradient boosting. The main contribution of this work is in proposing a fast and simple encoding of visual speech features derived from vertically symmetric point pairs (VeSPP) of facial landmarks corresponding to lip regions, and demonstrating their usefulness in temporal sequence comparisons using Dynamic Time Warping. VSR can be either speaker dependent (SD) or speaker independent (SI), and each of them poses different kind of challenges. In this work, we consider the SD scenario, and obtain 82.65% recognition accuracy on OuluVS database. Unlike recent research in VSR which makes use of auxiliary information such as audio, depth and color channels, our approach does not impose such constraints.
Physiological factors that regulate skin pigmentation

More than 150 genes have been identified that affect skin color either directly or indirectly, and we review current understanding of physiological factors that regulate skin pigmentation. We focus on melanosome biogenesis, transport and transfer, melanogenic regulators in melanocytes, and factors derived from keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, hormones, inflammatory cells, and nerves. Enzymatic components of melanosomes include tyrosinase, tyrosinase‐related protein 1, and dopachrome tautomerase, which depend on the functions of OA1, P, MATP, ATP7A, and BLOC‐1 to synthesize eumelanins and pheomelanins. The main structural component of melanosomes is Pmel17/gp100/Silv, whose sorting involves adaptor protein 1A (AP1A), AP1B, AP2, and spectrin, as well as a chaperone‐like component, MART‐1. During their maturation, melanosomes move from the perinuclear area toward the plasma membrane. Microtubules, dynein, kinesin, actin filaments, Rab27a, melanophilin, myosin Va, and Slp2‐a are involved in melanosome transport. Foxn1 and p53 up‐regulate skin pigmentation via bFGF and POMC derivatives including α‐MSH and ACTH, respectively. Other critical factors that affect skin pigmentation include MC1R, CREB, ASP, MITF, PAX3, SOX9/10, LEF‐1/TCF, PAR‐2, DKK1, SCF, HGF, GM‐CSF, endothelin‐1, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, neurotrophins, and neuropeptides. UV radiation up‐regulates most factors that increase melanogenesis. Further studies will elucidate the currently unknown functions of many other pigment genes/proteins. © 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Functional Proteins and Peptides of Hen’s Egg Origin

Hen’s egg has long history as a food. It contains a great variety of nutrients to sustain both life and growth. Egg provides an excellent, inexpensive and low calorie source of highquality proteins. Moreover, Eggs are a good source of several important nutrients including protein, total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, choline, folate, iron, calcium, phosphorus, selenium, zinc and vitamins A, B2, B6, B12, D, E and K [1]. Eggs are also a good source of the antioxidant carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin [2]. The high nutritional properties of eggs make them ideal for many people with special dietary requirements.
Indoor positioning using Wi-Fi fingerprint with signal clustering

Indoor positioning systems have been actively studied so far, and recently, many researchers are adopting Wi-Fi signals for their systems. It is mainly because Wi-Fi networks are prevalent in the indoor environments these days; also it is more efficient than other methods as one can estimate his location by simply comparing current RSS (Received Signal Strength) with the fingerprint of Wi-Fi signals measured in advance at the area. One of the simple and popular approaches for matching an RSS with the Wi-Fi fingerprint, is known as K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). While KNN uses all data stored in the fingerprint for the comparison, it shows relatively low accuracy due to the unstable nature of Wi-Fi signals: Especially in a spacious or congested place, its performance may severely degrade. In this paper, we adopt K-means clustering for an efficient and accurate classification in KNN. In our approach, in order to mitigate the effect of unstable Wi-Fi signals, the clustering is performed using every individual RSS values rather than representative mean values, which results in the elimination of extreme RSS values in the classification. In addition, locating the position by KNN utilizes the probability distribution of RSS values in each cluster. Under a wide range of K in KNN and the number of clusters, our experiments show notably enhanced performances than those of the classical KNN.
Association Between Alexithymia and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

The personality construct alexithymia is characterized by the difficulty in identifying and describing feelings with an externally oriented thinking pattern and a limited imaginative capacity (Nemiah et al., 1976). Alexithymia was first described as a specific cognitive and affective style of patients with classic psychosomatic diseases who showed little insight into their emotions and failed to respond to dynamic psychotherapy (Sifneos, 1967). Studies have found that alexithymia contributes to various medical conditions, including gastrointestinal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, chronic pain, renal failure, eating disorders, panic disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorders (Taylor et al., 1997). Alexithymia has been recognized as a risk factor for various physical andmental health problems; however, the mechanism that links alexithymia with these physical symptoms remains unclear. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are one of the conditions associated with alexithymia that has a high prevalence (Porcelli and Todarello, 2007). FGIDs are characterized by chronically recurring gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of structural or biochemical abnormalities (Drossman, 2016). FGIDs are defined as disorders of the gut-brain interaction, which is a complex interaction that may be dysregulated by microbial dysbiosis within the gut, altered mucosal immune function, altered gut signaling (visceral hypersensitivity), and central nervous system modulation of gut signaling and motor function (Drossman and Hasler, 2016). FGIDs have been studied from a biopsychosocial perspective and shown that psychological and social factors have an impact on FGIDs (Van Oudenhove et al., 2016). Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD) are the most widely recognized FGIDs with a prevalence of 11.2% (Lovell and Ford, 2012) and 10–30% (Mahadeva and Goh, 2006) worldwide, respectively. To identify the association between alexithymia and FGIDs, we searched the relevant papers on PubMed from 1985 until September 2017 for full-text articles with a combination of “alexithymia” and “functional gastrointestinal disorders,” “irritable bowel syndrome,” “functional dyspepsia,” or “gastrointestinal” in the title of abstract. The first version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale was published in 1985 (Taylor et al., 1985).