Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of an inlet pre-injector laser-induced fluorescence instrument for the measurement of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals

Abstract. Atmospheric measurements of hydroxyl radicals (OH) are challenging due to a high reactivity and consequently low concentration. The importance of OH as an atmospheric oxidant has motivated a sustained effort leading to the development of a number of highly sensitive analytical techniques. Recent work has indicated that the laser-induced fluorescence of the OH molecules method based on the fluorescence assay by gas expansion technique (LIF-FAGE) for the measurement of atmospheric OH in some environments may be influenced by artificial OH generated within the instrument, and a chemical method to remove this interference was implemented in a LIF-FAGE system by Mao et al. (2012). While it is not clear whether other LIF-FAGE instruments suffer from the same interference, we have applied this method to our LIF-FAGE HORUS (Hydroxyl Radical Measurement Unit based on fluorescence Spectroscopy) system, and developed and deployed an inlet pre-injector (IPI) to determine the chemical zero level in the instrument via scavenging the ambient OH radical. We describe and characterise this technique in addition to its application at field sites in forested locations in Finland, Spain and Germany. Ambient measurements show that OH generated within the HORUS instrument is a non-negligible fraction of the total OH signal, which can comprise 30 to 80% during daytime and 60 to 100% during the night. The contribution of the background OH varied greatly between measurement sites and was likely related to the type and concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present at each particular location. Two inter-comparisons in contrasting environments between the HORUS instrument and two different chemical ionisation mass spectrometers (CIMS) are described to demonstrate the efficacy of IPI and the necessity of the chemical zeroing method for our LIF-FAGE instrument in such environments.
Designing for Appropriation: A Theoretical Account

In this article, we propose a theoretical account of software appropriation as a basis for considering how to design software for appropriation. The analysis we develop is based on a holistic perspective including artifact mediation (how software acts as a mediator of users’ activities and how users develop instruments), ecologies of artifacts (taking into consideration that users use multiple artifacts), collective and work practice aspects, and technical and software engineering aspects (different forms of and approaches to software adaptation by users). It leads to an understanding that software appropriation is related to how users consider software as a mediator of their activity and turn it into an instrument for themselves based on the functional values they attribute to it. Building on this analysis, We outline a general perspective on designing for appropriation as empowering users to continue software design in use, review some principles and means, and introduce research questions for future work.
Claudin-7, -16, and -19 during mouse kidney development

Members of the claudin family of tight junction proteins are critical for establishing epithelial barriers and for the regulation of paracellular transport. To understand their roles during kidney development, we first performed RT-PCR analyses and determined that 23 claudin family members were expressed in embryonic day (E) 13.5 mouse kidneys. Based on their developmental expression and phenotypes in mouse models, we hypothesized that 3 claudin members could affect nephron formation during kidney development. Using whole mount in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that Claudin-7 (Cldn7) was expressed in the nephric duct, the emerging ureteric bud, and in tubules derived from ureteric bud branching morphogenesis. In contrast, Claudin-16 (Cldn16) and Claudin-19 (Cldn19) were expressed at later stages of kidney development in immature renal tubules that become the Loop of Henle. To determine if a loss of these claudins would perturb kidney development, we examined newborn kidneys from mutant mouse models lacking Cldn7 or Cldn16. In both models, we noted no evidence for any congenital renal malformation and quantification of nephron number did not reveal a decrease in nephron number when compared to wildtype littermates. In summary, Cldn7, Cldn16, and Cldn19 are expressed in different epithelial lineages during kidney development. Mice lacking Cldn7 or Cldn16 do not have defects in de novo nephron formation, and this suggests that these claudins primarily function to regulate paracellular transport in the mature nephron.
Three‐dimensional 10% cyclic strain reduces bovine aortic endothelial cell angiogenic sprout length and augments tubulogenesis in tubular fibrin hydrogels

The development of a functional microvasculature is critical to the long‐term survival of implanted tissue‐engineered constructs. Dynamic culture conditions have been shown to significantly modulate phenotypic characteristics and stimulate proliferation of cells within hydrogel‐based tissue engineered blood vessels. Although prior work has described the effects uniaxial or equibiaxial mechanical stimulation has on endothelial cells, no work has outlined effects of three‐dimensional mechanical stimulation on endothelial cells within tubular vessel analogues. We demonstrate here that 7 days of 10% cyclic volumetric distension has a deleterious effect on the average length and density of angiogenic sprouts derived from pellets of bovine aortic endothelial cells. Although both groups demonstrated lumen formation, the sprouts grown under dynamic culture conditions typically had wider, less‐branching sprout patterns. These results suggest that prolonged mechanical stimulation could represent a cue for angiogenic sprouts to preferentially develop larger lumens over cellular migration and subsequent sprout length. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a new sensorless control algorithm for stepper motors to enhance speed stability and dynamics

A novel control method to reduce oscillations for three-phase stepper motors and to improve dynamics using a speed control with feed forward technique is proposed. The new concept uses a transformation of the model to allow a linear design of the observer and control, reducing so the real time calculations. Furthermore the stability of the nonlinear process is guaranteed with the optimal choice of the currents. The proposed algorithm has been successfully implemented in a control unit and the reached benefits could be verified in a positioning axis of an electro-discharge machining device. The results show that with the new method a more stable trajectory tracking and higher accelerations could be reached. Furthermore, the measurements show that higher speeds and better robustness in respect to step losses can be reached.
Identification of two new regions in the N‐terminus of cardiac troponin T that have divergent effects on cardiac contractile function

To elucidate the cardiac‐specific role of the highly acidic extended N‐terminus of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), the following deletions were made in the N‐terminus of mouse cTnT (McTnT): McTnT1‐44Δ and McTnT45‐74Δ. Thin‐filament activation was assessed after reconstituting the deletion proteins into skinned non‐transgenic mouse cardiac fibres expressing α‐tropomyosin (Tm). Because the N‐terminus of cTnT interacts with the overlapping ends of Tm, we also sought to understand how Tm isoforms modulate the functional effects of the N‐terminus of cTnT. Thus, the deletion proteins were reconstituted into skinned transgenic mouse cardiac fibres expressing β‐Tm. Maximal activation was decreased by McTnT1‐44Δ irrespective of the type of Tm background. Cooperativity was decreased by McTnT45‐74Δ, an effect that was more pronounced under β‐Tm background. We provide the first explicit evidence to show that the cardiac‐specific extended N‐terminus of cTnT contains two distinct regions that have divergent physiological roles in modulating cardiac thin‐filament activation.
(Z)-Ethyl 4-chloro-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)hydrazono]-3-oxobutanoate

The title compound, C12H12Cl2N2O3, crystallizes as a non-merohedral twin with a twinning ratio of 0.51:0.49. The molecule adopts a keto–hydrazo tautomeric form stabilized by an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The configuration around the N—N bond is trans.
Environmental optimization of the public space of cities Action on urban pavements and elements to support sustainable mobility

El planeamiento urbano empieza a estar fuertemente focalizado en la provision de redes adecuadas de infraestructuras que estimulen el desarrollo de una movilidad sostenible. Sin embargo, la integracion de criterios ambientales en el diseno y gestion de las infraestructuras necesarias para el sustento de la movilidad urbana es minima. Teniendo en cuenta la enorme extension y la creciente inversion global en el despliegue de nuevas infraestructuras urbanas para el sustento de la movilidad sostenible, la carga ambiental aportada al espacio publico de las ciudades puede ser significativa. Esta tesis doctoral se centra en la caracterizacion del comportamiento ambiental del ciclo de vida de disenos convencionales de aceras de hormigon, asfalto y granito e instalaciones para la recarga de vehiculos electricos de dos ruedas. Las aceras son pavimentos urbanos basicos implementados para el sustento de la actividad peatonal y ciclista como los modos de movilidad urbana mas limpios. A su vez, las aceras son la matriz sobre la cual se distribuye un abanico diverso de elementos urbanos relacionados con el soporte de la movilidad sostenible. Las instalaciones para la recarga de vehiculos electricos son un elemento urbano que se esta implementando masivamente en las ciudades para promover la electrificacion del parque de vehiculos urbanos como una estrategia prometedora para reducir significativamente el consumo de petroleo y las emisiones contaminantes de la movilidad motorizada. A traves de la aplicacion de la metodologia de Analisis del Ciclo de Vida se identifican los disenos ambientalmente mas optimos para reducir la carga ambiental aportada al espacio publico y contribuir a incrementar el valor ambiental de promover la movilidad sostenible en las ciudades. Asimismo, la tesis busca identificar soluciones para mejorar el comportamiento ambiental de aquellos elementos que presentan un alto impacto con el fin de incrementar las ventajas ambientales alcanzadas en la escala urbana. Por un lado, se analiza desde una perspectiva de Ecologia Industrial el potencial de produccion limpia de losas de granito utilizadas en construccion. Por otro lado, se aplican principios de ecodiseno en la conceptualizacion de una eco-pergola (mobiliario urbano) que puede contribuir a sustentar una movilidad urbana multimodal (peatonal y bicicleta electrica). Como resultado del desarrollo de la tesis doctoral, se proveen inventarios completos y desagregados de los recursos movilizados (energia, agua y materiales) e impactos ambientales asociados a cada elemento objeto de estudio, se identifican puntos criticos y se definen una serie de criterios y buenas practicas para la toma de decisiones que conlleven a optimizar el comportamiento del espacio publico de las ciudades.
Managing dualities for efficiency and effectiveness of organisations

Purpose – The paper presents the concept of duality, which presupposes the synthesis of two apparently opposing organisation's properties. The purpose of the paper is to empirically verify whether management of dualities correlates with effectiveness and efficiency of organisations.Design/methodology/approach – The research examines 21 dualities at the normative and strategic level of organisational policy. The research was undertaken in two phases. In the first phase, effectiveness and efficiency indicators were defined by applying the analytic hierarchy process method within an expert group. In the second phase, a questionnaire was sent to 49 CEOs of mid‐size and large companies operating in the food, beverage and foodstuff production industry in Slovenia. The questionnaire applied the semantic differential scale.Findings – The fundamental research hypothesis argues that organisations that are able to transcend the so‐called duality paradox thus enhance their effectiveness or/and efficiency. The results.
Biventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction has been shown in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). However, there is no study evaluating right ventricular functions in these patients. METHODS In the present study, diastolic functions of both ventricles in normotensive and hypertensive ADPKD patients with well-preserved renal function were investigated. Fifteen hypertensive and 16 normotensive patients with ADPKD with well-preserved renal function, 16 patients with essential hypertension, and 24 healthy subjects were included in the study. Conventional left and right ventricular echocardiographic measurements were performed in all subjects. Left and right ventricular functions were investigated both by myocardial performance index (MPI) [calculated by dividing the sum of isovolumic contraction time and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) by ejection time] and by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). RESULTS Left ventricular deceleration time and IVRT were significantly prolonged in hypertensive patients with ADPKD compared with patients with essential hypertension and even in normotensive patients with ADPKD compared with healthy subjects. Left and right MPIs were significantly higher in patients with ADPKD compared with healthy subjects, showing systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Moreover, by using TDI, the peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Em) to peak late diastolic mitral annular velocity (Am) ratio and the peak early diastolic tricuspid annular velocity (Et) to peak late diastolic tricuspid annular velocity (At) ratio were decreased in patients with ADPKD, suggesting biventricular diastolic dysfunction. CONCLUSION Both hypertensive and normotensive patients with ADPKD show significant biventricular diastolic dysfunction, suggesting cardiac involvement very early in the course of ADPKD.
Forecast Information Sharing for Managing Supply Chains in the Big Data Era: Recent Development and Future Research

Sharing forecast information helps supply chain parties to better match demand and supply. The extant literature has shown that sharing forecast information improves supply chain performance. In the big data era, supply chain managers have the ability to deal with a massive amount of data by big data technologies and analytics. Big data technologies and analytics provide more accurate forecast information and give an opportunity to transform business models. In this paper, a comprehensive review on forecast information sharing for managing supply chain in the big data era is conducted. The value and obstacles of sharing forecast information are discussed. Given the sufficient data, the appropriate approaches of analyzing and sharing forecast information are highlighted. Insights on the current state of knowledge in each respective area are discussed and some associated pertinent challenges are explored. Inspired by various timely and important issues, future research directions are suggested.
Relationship between ambient air pollution and daily mortality of SARS in Beijing.

OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between ambient air pollution and daily mortality of SARS in Beijing. METHODS The approach of time-series Poisson regression was used to assess the relationship between daily SARS mortality, ambient air pollution, and other factors from April 25 to May 31, 2003 in Beijing. RESULTS An increase of each 10 microg/m3 over a 5-day moving average of PM10, SO2 and NO2 corresponded to 1.06 (1.00-1.12), 0.74 (0.48-1.13) and 1.22 (1.01-1.48) relative risks (RRs) of daily SARS mortality, respectively. The relative risks (RRs) values depended largely on the selection of lag days. CONCLUSION The daily mortality of SARS might be associated with certain air pollutants in Beijing.
An Intelligent Ontology and Bayesian Network Based Semantic Mashup  for Tourism

A common perception is that there are two competing vision for the future evolution of the Web: the Semantic Web and Web 2.0. In fact, Semantic Web technologies must integrate with Web 2.0 services for both to leverage each otherpsilas strengths. This paper illustrates how Semantic Web technologies can support information integration and make it easy to create semantic mashups. An intelligent recommendation system for tourism is presented to show the efficiency of our method. Through the ontology of tourism, the system allows the integration of heterogeneous online travel information. Based on Bayesian network technique method, the system recommends tourist attractions to a user by taking into account the travel behaviour both of the user and of other users.
Substantial carbon recycling from linoleate into products of de novo lipogenesis occurs in rat liver even under conditions of extreme dietary linoleate deficiency.

A significant portion of the beta-oxidized carbon skeleton of some polyunsaturated fatty acids can be recycled into de novo lipogenesis, i.e., cholesterol, saturates and monounsaturates. The recycling of carbon from linoleate was quantified in liver lipids of severely linoleate-deficient rats to determine whether it is more likely to be a function of redundancy or could be obligatory. After 13 wk on a control (2 energy % linoleate) or severely linoleate-deficient (<0. 05 energy % linoleate) diet, 7 muCi [1-14C]linoleate was given by gavage and the rats were killed 48 h later. A second linoleate-deficient group received an oral bolus of 256 mg linoleate as a supplement with the radiotracer. In comparison to the controls, 14C recovery in liver total lipids of the linoleate deficient group was increased about 5-fold with increased dpm/g in linoleate (13.7-fold higher), arachidonate (2.7-fold higher) and products of de novo lipogenesis (3.5-fold higher). In livers of control rats, 14C distribution was: 41% arachidonate, 29% linoleate, 22% sterols, 3% oleate, 3% palmitate, and 2% stearate. In livers of linoleate-deficient rats, 14C distribution was: 63% linoleate, 19% arachidonate, 11% sterols, 4% oleate, 3% palmitate, and <1% stearate. Thus, in controls, equivalent amounts of 14C were in products of de novo lipogenesis as in linoleate (29-30%), and in livers of linoleate-deficient rats, a similar proportion of 14C was in products of de novo lipogenesis as was converted to arachidonate (18-19%). We conclude that carbon recycling into de novo lipogenesis accounts for a significant, obligatory component of linoleate metabolism even during extreme linoleate deficiency.
Evaluation of selective calculus removal by a fluorescence feedback-controlled Er:YAG laser in vitro.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the removal of subgingival calculus and dental hard tissues depending on the threshold level of a fluorescence feedback-controlled Er:YAG laser. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty teeth with calculus on the root surface were treated with an Er:YAG laser. Laser settings were 140 mJ and 10 Hz. The initial fluorescence threshold level of 5 [U] was reduced at intervals of 1 [U] for every laser treatment. Areas of residual calculus (RC) were evaluated using a surface analysis software. Loss of dental hard tissues was assessed by histomorphometric analysis of undecalcified ground sections. RESULTS Using a threshold value of 5 [U], the median amount of RC was 11% (0-78%). By lowering the threshold levels, the amount of RC decreased [level 1 [U]: 0% (0-26%)]. The laser-treated root surfaces revealed a statistically significant reduction of the cementum thickness [median: 80 microm (0-250)] compared with the non-treated opposite side [median: 90 microm (30-250)] (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The amount of RC following laser irradiation depends on the fluorescence threshold level for a feedback-controlled Er:YAG laser. It might be suggested that this laser system may be used with a threshold level even lower than 5 [U] without removing a clinically relevant amount of root cementum.
Motion-from-hue activates area V5 of human visual cortex

We designed experiments to ascertain whether area V5 of human visual cortex is activated by a motion stimulus in which luminance is made irrelevant, and motion is generated from hue differences alone. The stimuli consisted of moving green squares or bars against a red background, masked with luminance noise. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were determined by the technique of positron emission tomography and the brain images thus derived were co-registered with magnetic resonance images of the same brain to identify the anatomical locations of the blood flow changes. The results showed that when subjects perceived motion, a change in rCBF occurs in areas V5, V1/2, V3 and the parieto-occipital sulcus but not V4, even though the moving stimulus was defined by hue. We conclude that the motion-specialized areas of the visual cortex can use information derived from any source to undertake their function.
Electrophysiological Characterization and Antiarrhythmic Efficacy of the Mixed Potassium Channel-Blocking Antiarrhythmic Agent AZ13395438 In Vitro and In Vivo

Objective: To examine the electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and antiarrhythmic effects of the novel antiarrhythmic agent AZ13395438. Methods: The ion channel-blocking potency of AZ13395438 was assessed in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing various human cardiac ion channels and in human atrial myocytes. The in vivo electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and antiarrhythmic effects of intravenously administered AZ13395438 were examined in anesthetized rabbits, in anesthetized naive dogs, and in dogs subjected to rapid atrial pacing (RAP) for 8 weeks. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modeling was applied to predict the potency of AZ13395438 in increasing atrial and ventricular refractoriness. Results: AZ13395438 potently and predominantly blocked the atrial repolarizing potassium currents IKur, IAch, and Ito in vitro. In vivo, AZ13395438 caused a concentration-dependent and selective increase in atrial refractoriness with no or small effects on ventricular refractoriness and repolarization and on hemodynamics in both rabbits and dogs. The PKPD modeling predicted unbound plasma concentrations of AZ13395438 of 0.20 ± 0.039, 0.38 ± 0.084, and 0.34 ± 0.057 µmol/L to increase the right atrial effective refractory period by 20 milliseconds in the rabbit and in the naive and the RAP dogs, respectively. In the RAP dog with atrial fibrillation (AF), AZ13395438 significantly increased AF cycle length and successfully converted AF to sinus rhythm in 12 of the 12 occasions at an unbound plasma concentration of 0.48 ± 0.076 µmol/L. During saline infusion, conversion was seen only in 4 of the 10 occasions (P = .003 vs AZ13395438). Furthermore, AZ13395438 reduced AF inducibility by burst pacing from 100% to 25% (P < .001). Conclusion: AZ13395438 can be characterized as a mixed potassium ion channel-blocking agent that selectively prolongs atrial versus ventricular refractoriness and shows promising antiarrhythmic efficacy in a clinically relevant animal model of AF.