Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Mobility MOSFETs Fabricated on Continuous, Wafer-Scale Ge Films Epitaxially Grown on Si

We report the material characterization of continuous, wafer-scale Ge films epitaxially grown on Si by molecular beam epitaxy. The material quality of Ge is further tested by fabricating high-mobility, long-channel MOSFETs. Our growth technique makes use of a thin chemical SiO<sub>2</sub> template with nanoscale windows and carefully timed thermal annealing during the initial stage of island coalescence. The resulting defect density in n- and p-type Ge is ~2 × 10<sup>5</sup> and 5 × 10<sup>7</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. The MOSFETs are then fabricated on these substrates, where the gate-stack consists of Ti/HfO<sub>2</sub>/GeO<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub>/Ge-on-Si. The GeO<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub> interlayer is used to effectively passivate the Ge surface. The subthreshold slope is ~100 and ~200 mV/decade for p- and n-MOSFETs, compared with ~80 mV/decade for p-MOSFETs built on bulk-Ge substrates. The p- and n-MOSFETs also show enhanced peak effective hole and electron mobilities of 400 and 950 cm<sup>2</sup>/V-s that are 82% and 30% increase over the universal mobilities in Si.
On the homotopy groups of spheres in homotopy type theory

The goal of this thesis is to prove that π4(S3) ≃ Z/2Z in homotopy type theory. In particular it is a constructive and purely homotopy-theoretic proof. We first recall the basic concepts of homotopy type theory, and we prove some well-known results about the homotopy groups of spheres: the computation of the homotopy groups of the circle, the triviality of those of the form πk(Sn) with k < n, and the construction of the Hopf fibration. We then move to more advanced tools. In particular, we define the James construction which allows us to prove the Freudenthal suspension theorem and the fact that there exists a natural number n such that π4(S3) ≃ Z/nZ. Then we study the smash product of spheres, we construct the cohomology ring of a space, and we introduce the Hopf invariant, allowing us to narrow down the n to either 1 or 2. The Hopf invariant also allows us to prove that all the groups of the form π4n−1(S2n) are infinite. Finally we construct the Gysin exact sequence, allowing us to compute the cohomology of CP2 and to prove that π4(S3) ≃ Z/2Z and that more generally πn+1(Sn) ≃ Z/2Z for every n ≥ 3
Both CTCF-dependent and -independent Insulators Are Found between the Mouse T Cell Receptor α and Dad1 Genes*

The T cell rearrangement of the T cell receptor (TCR) genes TCRα and δ is specifically regulated by a complex interplay between enhancer elements and chromatin structure. The α enhancer is active in T cells and drives TCRα recombination in collaboration with a locus control region-like element located downstream of the Cα gene on mouse chromosome 14. Twelve kb further down-stream lies another gene, Dad1, with a program of expression different from that of TCRα. The ∼6-kb locus control region element lying between them contains multiple regulatory sites with a variety of roles in regulating the two genes. Previous evidence has indicated that among these there are widely distributed regions with enhancer blocking (insulating) activity. We have shown in this report that one of these sites, not previously examined, strongly binds the insulator protein CCTC-binding factor (CTCF) in vitro and in vivo and can function in an enhancer blocking assay. However, other regions within the 6-kb element that also can block enhancers clearly do not harbor CTCF sites and thus must reflect the presence of a previously undetected and distinct vertebrate insulator activity.
Immunogenicity and Safety Assessments After One and Two Doses of a Refrigerator-Stable Tetravalent Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella Vaccine in Healthy Children During the Second Year of Life

Background: Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) and varicella (V) vaccines are often coadministered at 1 clinic visit. This study (104389/NCT00127023) was undertaken to assess the immunogenicity and safety of a new refrigerator-stable tetravalent MMRV vaccine after 1 dose and after 2 doses administered during the second year of life. Methods: Nine hundred seventy healthy children aged 10–21 months received 2 doses of MMRV vaccine (Priorix-Tetra; GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) 42 days apart (MMRV group; N = 732) or 1 dose of MMR vaccine (Priorix) coadministered with varicella vaccine (Varilrix) followed by a second dose of only MMR vaccine 42 days later (MMR + V group; N = 238). Results: Observed seroconversion rates for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella antibodies 42 days postdose 1 were 94.5%, 96.1%, 99.7%, 95.5% in the MMRV group and 93.4%, 93.6%, 98.1%, 95.6% in the MMR + V group. Respective seroconversion rates postdose 2 were 98.3%, 99.4%, 99.7%, 99.7% in the MMRV group and 97.6%, 99.5%, 100%, 97.5% in the MMR + V group. Observed antimeasles and antimumps geometric mean titers (GMTs) were higher after each dose in the MMRV group than in the MMR + V group. Antivaricella GMT increased 21-fold in the MMRV group postdose 2, and was markedly higher than in the MMR + V group who did not receive a second dose of varicella (1903.3 and 80.3 dilution−1, respectively). Both vaccine regimens were generally well-tolerated in terms of local reactions, fever >39.5°C, and vaccine-related rashes. Conclusions: Both after 1 dose and after 2 doses, the MMRV vaccine was at least as immunogenic as concomitant MMR and varicella vaccination suggesting that it could be suitable for use according to current vaccination schedules.
PAAR‐Rhs proteins harbor various C‐terminal toxins to diversify the antibacterial pathways of type VI secretion systems

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) of bacteria plays a key role in competing for specific niches by the contact-dependent killing of competitors. Recently, Rhs proteins with polymorphic C-terminal toxin-domains that inhibit or kill neighboring cells were identified. In this report, we identified a novel Rhs with an MPTase4 (Metallopeptidase-4) domain (designated as Rhs-CT1) that showed an antibacterial effect via T6SS in Escherichia coli. We managed to develop a specific strategy by matching the diagnostic domain-architecture of Rhs-CT1 (Rhs with an N-terminal PAAR-motif and a C-terminal toxin domain) for effector retrieval and discovered a series of Rhs-CTs in E. coli. Indeed, the screened Rhs-CT3 with a REase-3 (Restriction endonuclease-3) domain also mediated interbacterial antagonism. Further analysis revealed that vgrGO1 and eagR/DUF1795 (upstream of rhs-ct) were required for the delivery of Rhs-CTs, suggesting eagR as a potential T6SS chaperone. In addition to chaperoned Rhs-CTs, neighborless Rhs-CTs could be classified into a distinct family (Rhs-Nb) sharing close evolutionary relationship with T6SS2-Rhs (encoded in the T6SS2 cluster of E. coli). Notably, the Rhs-Nb-CT5 was confirmed bioinformatically and experimentally to mediate interbacterial antagonism via Hcp2B-VgrG2 module. In a further retrieval analysis, we discovered various toxin/immunity pairs in extensive bacterial species that could be systematically classified into eight referential clans, suggesting that Rhs-CTs greatly diversify the antibacterial pathways of T6SS.
Identifying the Relative Importance of Stock Characteristics in the UK Market

We address an important empirical question as to which firm-level characteristic best predicts stock returns in the UK equity market. To answer this question, we employ a semiparametric characteristic-based factor model first introduced by Connor, Hagmann and Linton (2012). We also augment their model by including the liquidity characteristic together with the market, size, momentum, volatility and book-to-market factors. We find that momentum is the most important factor and liquidity the least important based on their relative contribution to the fit of the model and the proportion of sample months for which factor returns are significant. Our main results are robust to the states of the economy and to the inclusion of the monthly reversal factor.
DNA damage and repair measurements from cryopreserved lymphocytes without cell culture—A reproducible assay for intervention studies

Single‐cell gel electrophoresis (the Comet assay) can be used to measure DNA damage and DNA repair capacity (DRC). However, to test DRC of cryopreserved lymphocytes, published methods include steps for cell culturing and phytohemagglutinin stimulation, which may limit use of this assay in intervention studies. We developed a modified Comet assay protocol that allows us to measure DRC from cryopreserved lymphocytes without these in vitro manipulations. Assay reproducibility was evaluated by performing the assay six times on different dates using six aliquots from one blood draw of one individual. The interindividual variation was assessed by performing the assay using one aliquot from six individuals. When γ‐irradiation was used as the mutagen, intra‐assay coefficients of variation (CVs.) for baseline DNA damage, damage after γ‐irradiation exposure, and DRC—measured as tail moment—were 8, 31, and 10%, respectively. Interindividual CVs. were higher. When H2O2 was used as the mutagen, intra‐assay CVs. for damage measurements were lower for a protocol modification that included damage and repair at 37°C (CVs. ranging from 8 to 35%) than for the more standard 4°C protocol. Analyzing moment arm—the average distance of DNA migration within the tail—yielded similar results. DNA repair was successfully detected in each experiment. Comparing freshly isolated lymphocytes to cryopreserved lymphocytes from the same individuals' blood draw indicated that DRC was highly correlated when determined using moment arm values. This modified protocol extends the use of the Comet assay to measuring DRC in intervention studies (e.g., dietary interventions) in that it assesses cellular response after cryopreservation without cell culture or other extensive manipulation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. , 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Objective Indicators of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time and Associations with Subjective Well-Being in Adults Aged 70 and Over

This study explored the associations of the volume and intensity of physical activity and the volume of sedentary time with subjective well-being in a diverse group of 228 older adults in the UK (111 female, mean age 78.2 years (SD 5.8)). Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour were assessed by accelerometry deriving mean steps per day, mean moderate/vigorous PA minutes per hour (MVPA min·h−1) and minutes of sedentary time per hour (ST min·h−1). Lower limb function was assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery. Subjective well-being was assessed using the SF-12 health status scale, the Ageing Well Profile and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Linear regressions were used to investigate associations between the independent variables which included physical activity (steps and MVPA), sedentary time, participant characteristics (gender, age, BMI, education, number of medical conditions), and lower limb function and dependent variables which included mental and physical well-being. Steps, MVPA and lower limb function were independently and moderately positively associated with perceived physical well-being but relationships with mental well-being variables were weak. No significant associations between sedentary behaviours and well-being were observed. The association between objectively evaluated physical activity and function and subjective evaluations of physical well-being suggest that improving perceptions of physical health and function may provide an important target for physical activity programmes. This in turn may drive further activity participation.
The L2 Minor Capsid Protein of Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus Type 11 Interacts with Host Nuclear Import Receptors and Viral DNA

ABSTRACT Analysis of the interactions of low-risk human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV11) L2 with karyopherin β (Kap β) nuclear import receptors revealed that L2 interacted with Kap β1, Kap β2, and Kap β3 and formed a complex with the Kap α2β1 heterodimer. HPV11 L2 contains two nuclear localization signals (NLSs)—in the N terminus and the C terminus—that could mediate its nuclear import via a classical pathway. Each NLS was functional in vivo, and deletion of both of them abolished L2 nuclear localization. Both NLSs interacted with the viral DNA. Thus, HPV11 L2 can interact with several karyopherins and the viral DNA and may enter the nucleus via multiple pathways.
Coronary arterial remodeling and out-stent plaque change after drug-eluting stent implantation--comparison between zotarolimus-eluting stents and paclitaxel-eluting stents.

BACKGROUND Out-stent plaque characteristics and eosinophilic inflammatory response, which correlates with positive remodeling after first-generation drug-eluting stent implantation, may be associated with late restenosis and very late stent thrombosis. The differences of out-stent plaque characteristics were compared between paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) and zotarolimus-eluting stents (ZES), using integrated backscatter-intravascular ultrasound (IB-IVUS). METHODS AND RESULTS Of 78 patients enrolled, 25 receiving PES and 25 receiving ZES had adequate IVUS assessment. Volumetric IVUS analysis was performed after stenting and at 8-month follow-up. Out-stent plaque change in the stented segment was compared on IB-IVUS. The relationship between systemic inflammatory response and out-stent plaque change was evaluated. In PES, vessel volume significantly increased (365-389 mm(3), P<0.0001), whereas it did not change in ZES (315-314 mm(3), P=0.81). In culprit lesions at baseline in PES, fibrous plaque tended to increase (3.1-3.6mm(2), P=0.051) and lipid plaque significantly increased (4.3-5.1mm(2), P=0.02), whereas in ZES the fibrous plaque significantly increased (2.9-4.0mm(2), P<0.0001) but lipid plaque significantly decreased (5.1-3.6mm(2), P<0.0001). Systemic eosinophil increase was significantly correlated with positive remodeling and out-stent lipid plaque increase. CONCLUSIONS Chronic out-stent plaque change in ZES consisted of less positive remodeling and more favorable effects on out-stent plaque characteristics than PES. Systemic eosinophil change might be a marker of out-stent lipid plaque change.
EMI filter optimization by adjusting common mode noise impedance of a balanced boost converter

This paper introduces a novel method to adjust the common mode (CM) noise impedance by adding a balanced winding in series with a balanced resistance. The balanced winding is wound in an E-E core with two inductors of a balanced boost converter. Two kinds of electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters and a three-port network, which comprises the power inductors, balanced winding and balanced resistance, are characterized using Scattering parameters (S-parameters), respectively. Based on the measured S-parameters, designers can make the selection of an appropriate balanced resistance. Experiments are then carried out to verify this method. The proposed method could widen the impedance mismatch on the noise source side and, in turn, significantly boost the CM insertion loss of an EMI filter. Following this method, researchers will optimize the performance of an EMI filter even if its structure is fixed. Thus, a design gap among impedance measurement, EMI filter characterization and EMI filter design can be bridged. At the same time, the over design of an EMI filter is avoided.
Spinal Cord Gray Matter Atrophy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is an emerging need for biomarkers to better categorize clinical phenotypes and predict progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This study aimed to quantify cervical spinal gray matter atrophy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and investigate its association with clinical disability at baseline and after 1 year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 22 healthy controls were scanned with 3T MR imaging. Standard functional scale was recorded at the time of MR imaging and after 1 year. MR imaging data were processed automatically to measure the spinal cord, gray matter, and white matter cross-sectional areas. A statistical analysis assessed the difference in cross-sectional areas between patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and controls, correlations between spinal cord and gray matter atrophy to clinical disability at baseline and at 1 year, and prediction of clinical disability at 1 year. RESULTS: Gray matter atrophy was more sensitive to discriminate patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from controls (P = .004) compared with spinal cord atrophy (P = .02). Gray matter and spinal cord cross-sectional areas showed good correlations with clinical scores at baseline (R = 0.56 for gray matter and R = 0.55 for spinal cord; P < .01). Prediction at 1 year with clinical scores (R2 = 0.54) was improved when including a combination of gray matter and white matter cross-sectional areas (R2 = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Although improvements over spinal cord cross-sectional areas were modest, this study suggests the potential use of gray matter cross-sectional areas as an MR imaging structural biomarker to monitor the evolution of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Attitude control of flexible spacecraft considering rigid-flex coupling parameters

In order to suppress appendages' vibration of a flexible spacecraft during attitude control and meet the control requirements of high pointing accuracy, high stability and rapidity of maneuver for spacecraft, an attitude control scheme with initial attitude guidance (IAG) is proposed. And a new attitude control scheme with rigid-flex coupling parameters is designed which is independent of modal information. The stability of the attitude control system is proved based on Lyapunov theory. Simulation results show that the presented attitude control scheme with IAG can suppress the flexible appendages' vibration and improve the rapidity and stability of flexible spacecraft. The control algorithm is robust to disturbances and parameter uncertainties and easy to implement.
Resolving the Complex Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Variation and Variability of Cellular Growth

In all organisms, the majority of traits vary continuously between individuals. Explaining the genetic basis of quantitative trait variation requires comprehensively accounting for genetic and nongenetic factors as well as their interactions. The growth of microbial cells can be characterized by a lag duration, an exponential growth phase, and a stationary phase. Parameters that characterize these growth phases can vary among genotypes (phenotypic variation), environmental conditions (phenotypic plasticity), and among isogenic cells in a given environment (phenotypic variability). We used a high-throughput microscopy assay to map genetic loci determining variation in lag duration and exponential growth rate in growth rate-limiting and nonlimiting glucose concentrations, using segregants from a cross of two natural isolates of the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that some quantitative trait loci (QTL) are common between traits and environments whereas some are unique, exhibiting gene-by-environment interactions. Furthermore, whereas variation in the central tendency of growth rate or lag duration is explained by many additive loci, differences in phenotypic variability are primarily the result of genetic interactions. We used bulk segregant mapping to increase QTL resolution by performing whole-genome sequencing of complex mixtures of an advanced intercross mapping population grown in selective conditions using glucose-limited chemostats. We find that sequence variation in the high-affinity glucose transporter HXT7 contributes to variation in growth rate and lag duration. Allele replacements of the entire locus, as well as of a single polymorphic amino acid, reveal that the effect of variation in HXT7 depends on genetic, and allelic, background. Amplifications of HXT7 are frequently selected in experimental evolution in glucose-limited environments, but we find that HXT7 amplifications result in antagonistic pleiotropy that is absent in naturally occurring variants of HXT7. Our study highlights the complex nature of the genotype-to-phenotype map within and between environments.
Acute resistance exercise modulates microRNA expression profiles: Combined tissue and circulatory targeted analyses

A subset of short non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRs), have been identified in the regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy. Expressed within cells, miRs are also present in circulation (c-miR) and have a putative role in cross-tissue signalling. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of a single bout of high intensity resistance exercise (RE) on skeletal muscle and circulatory miRs harvested simultaneously. Resistance trained males (n = 9, 24.6 ± 4.9 years) undertook a single bout of high volume RE with venous blood and muscle biopsies collected before, 2 and 4hr post-exercise. Real time polymerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR) analyses was performed on 30 miRs that have previously been shown to be required for skeletal muscle function. Of these, 6 miRs were significantly altered within muscle following exercise; miR-23a, -133a, -146a, -206, -378b and 486. Analysis of these same miRs in circulation demonstrated minimal alterations with exercise, although c-miR-133a (~4 fold, p = 0.049) and c-miR-149 (~2.4 fold; p = 0.006) were increased 4hr post-exercise. Thus a single bout of RE results in the increased abundance of a subset of miRs within the skeletal muscle, which was not evident in plasma. The lack a qualitative agreement in the response pattern of intramuscular and circulating miR expression suggests the analysis of circulatory miRs is not reflective of the miR responses within skeletal muscle after exercise.
A Novel Procedure for Classification of Early Human Actions from EEG Signals

We introduce a novel procedure that extends the time feasibility for classification of early human actions. Its major characteristic is to use epoch training data from a wider time duration before action onset (i.e., within the intention period) instead of data from localized sliding windows. This is the case of time-specific and selected fixed classifiers. Our approach models human actions from EEG signals and leverages on amplitudes and power frequencies to construct fifteen groups of action vectors, which were subjected to a set of classifiers. Regarding early classification our approach did it earlier than both time-specific and selected fixed classifiers. Moreover, our results reported an increase in classification performance.
Loading of Arabidopsis Centromeric Histone CENH3 Occurs Mainly during G2 and Requires the Presence of the Histone Fold Domain

The centromeric histone H3 (CENH3) substitutes histone H3 within the nucleosomes of active centromeres in all eukaryotes. CENH3 deposition at centromeres is needed to assemble the kinetochore, a complex of conserved proteins responsible for correct chromosome segregation during nuclear division. Histones of regular nucleosomes are loaded during replication in S phase, while CENH3 deposition deviates from this pattern in yeast, human, and Drosophila melanogaster cells. Little is known about when and how CENH3 targets centromeric loci. Therefore, we determined the location and quantity of recombinant enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP)-CENH3 in mitotic root and endopolyploid leaf nuclei of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana cells. Our data indicate significant loading of A. thaliana CENH3 during G2 (before splitting into sister kinetochores) rather than during the S or M phase of the cell cycle. The histone fold domain of the C-terminal part of CENH3 is sufficient to target A. thaliana centromeres. A. thaliana EYFP-CENH3 can recognize and target three different centromeric repeats of Arabidopsis lyrata but not field bean (Vicia faba) centromeres.