Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Ziresovir as a Potent, Selective and Orally Bioavailable Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein Inhibitor.

Ziresovir (RO-0529, AK0529) is reported here for the first time as a promising respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) protein inhibitor that currently is in advanced clinical trials. This article reports the discovery of ziresovir as a potent, selective and orally bioavailable RSV F protein inhibitor, and highlights the efforts of rational drug design, lead optimization, improvement of in vitro and in vivo anti-RSV activities and pharmacokinetics in animal species. Ziresovir demonstrates single-digit nM EC50 potency against laboratory strains as well as clinical isolates of RSV in cellular assays, and more than one log viral load reduction in BALB/c mouse model of RSV viral infection. Ziresovir was proven to be a specific RSV F protein inhibitor by identification of drug resistant mutations of D486N, D489V, and D489Y in RSV F protein and the inhibition of RSV F protein-induced cell-cell fusion in cellular assays.
A VR-based visualization fault diagnosis method for the aircraft brake system

With the virtual reality and fault diagnosis technology integrated, the visualization fault diagnosis system has been built in the VR environment. The meanings of the visualization are introduced. The system structure and the virtual disassembly approach are analyzed, and their flow charts are given respectively. The expert system is applied in the visualization fault diagnosis, and the backward reasoning strategy is implemented in the inference engine. The diagnostic results are more intuitive since the detection results are shown by virtual instruments. The aircraft brake system is applied as an example to implement the visualization fault diagnosis. It gets a better result in simulating the actual process of fault diagnosis, and achieves an anticipant effect.
Multiscale modeling of femtosecond laser irradiation on a copper film with electron thermal conductivity from ab initio calculation

ABSTRACT By combining the ab initio quantum mechanics (QM) calculation and the Drude model, electron temperature- and lattice temperature-dependent electron thermal conductivity is calculated and implemented into a multiscale model of laser material interaction, which couples the classical molecular dynamics (MD) and the two-temperature model (TTM). The results indicated that the electron thermal conductivity obtained from ab initio calculation leads to faster thermal diffusion than that using the electron thermal conductivity from empirical determination, which further induces a deeper melting region, a larger number of density waves travelling inside the copper film, and more various speeds of atomic clusters ablated from the irradiated film surface.
The Frequency of Patient-Initiated Violence and Its Psychological Impact on Physicians in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction In China, the severity of medical disputes has greatly increased during the past two decades, which has caused various adverse outcomes for health professionals. Previous research on violence in healthcare settings has primarily examined the occurrence of patient-initiated violence and its effects on physicians, but few studies have focused on the impact of the extent of physicians’ exposure to violence. This study examined the different frequency levels of specific types of violence and their relationships to physicians’ psychological wellbeing, including emotional exhaustion (EE), job satisfaction (JS), and intention to leave (IL). Methods Using a stratified random sampling method, the participants were drawn from 123 public hospitals in Shanghai, Hubei Province, and Gansu Province in China, and 1,656 completed questionnaires were collected. Chi-square test, analysis of variance, and mixed linear model were employed in the analysis. Results The results showed that the rate of exposure to verbal abuse (VA) was the highest (92.75%), followed by threats of assault (TA, 88.10%) and physical assaults (PA, 81.04%). Physicians’ reported high-frequency exposure to VA, TA, and PA was 35.14%, 27.72%, and 19.32%, respectively. The results indicated that exposure to violence significantly affected EE, JS, and IL, and the intensity of the harm of high-frequency exposure was several times stronger than that of low-frequency exposure. Interestingly, we found that VA produced a greater adverse impact on physicians’ EE and satisfaction with work (JS-1) than did TA or PA. This finding may be attributed to the fact that physicians are more likely to be exposed to a high frequency of VA, and the effect of high-frequency exposure is much stronger. Conclusion The results indicated that decreasing violent incidents and creating a safer work environment for physicians should be a top priority for both government and society.
Necessary conditions on the lifting scheme for existence of wavelets in L/sub 2/(R)

Over the years many different libraries of biorthogonal wavelets have been designed. In addition, the lifting scheme has been developed which unifies the design of biorthogonal wavelets using a simple approach. The lifting scheme allows the custom design of wavelets while maintaining the biorthogonal constraint on the filter bank. A drawback of the lifting scheme is that it does not guarantee that the wavelet associated with the iterated filter bank exists in L/sub 2/(R). In practice this raises the possibility that the filter bank may produce numerical artifacts. We present some necessary conditions on the lifting scheme for the resulting wavelets to exist in L/sub 2/(R). Using these conditions, we show how valid wavelet bases can be easily generated from randomly perturbed biorthogonal filter banks.
The Dependence Identiication Neural Network Construction Algorithm Interdisciplinary Studies of Intelligent Systems

An algorithm for constructing and training multilayer neural networks, dependence identiication, is presented in this paper. Its distinctive features are that (i) it transforms the training problem into a set of quadratic optimization problems that are solved by a number of linear equations and (ii) it constructs an appropriate network to meet the training speciications. The architecture and network weights produced by the algorithm can also be used as initial conditions for further on-line training by backpropagation or a similar iterative gradient descent training algorithm if necessary. In addition to constructing an appropriate network based on training data, the dependence identiication algorithm signiicantly speeds up learning in feedforward multilayer neural networks compared to standard backpropagation.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Circovirus from Zebra Finch

ABSTRACT A novel circovirus was identified in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). The genome of the circovirus strain, designated 8454V25-1, comprised 1,982 nucleotides with two major open reading frames encoding a replication-associated protein and a viral capsid protein.
Effects of Developmental Exposure to 2,2′,4,4′,5-Pentabromodiphenyl Ether (PBDE-99) on Sex Steroids, Sexual Development, and Sexually Dimorphic Behavior in Rats

Increasing concentrations of polybrominated flame retardants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in breast milk cause concern about possible developmental effects in nursed babies. Because previous studies in rats have indicated effects on sex steroids and sexually dimorphic behavior after maternal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), our goal in the present study was to determine if developmental exposure to 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-99) induces similar endocrine-mediated effects. Pregnant rats were exposed to vehicle or PBDE-99 (1 or 10 mg/kg body weight, daily during gestational days 10–18). For comparison, we also included a group exposed to the technical PCB mixture Aroclor 1254 (30 mg/kg body weight, daily). PBDE exposure resulted in pronounced decreases in circulating sex steroids in male offspring at weaning and in adulthood. Female offspring were less affected. Anogenital distance was reduced in male offspring. Puberty onset was delayed in female offspring at the higher dose level, whereas a slight acceleration was detected in low-dose males. The number of primordial/primary ovarian follicles was reduced in females at the lower dose, whereas decline of secondary follicles was more pronounced at the higher dose. Sweet preference was dose-dependently increased in PBDE-exposed adult males, indicating a feminization of this sexually dimorphic behavior. Aroclor 1254 did not alter sweet preference and numbers of primordial/primary and secondary follicles but it did affect steroid concentrations in males and sexual development in both sexes. PBDE concentrations in tissues of dams and offspring were highest on gestational day 19. These results support the hypothesis that PBDEs are endocrine-active compounds and interfere with sexual development and sexually dimorphic behavior.
Composite Measures of Health Care Provider Performance: A Description of Approaches.

CONTEXT Since the Institute of Medicine's 2001 report Crossing the Quality Chasm, there has been a rapid proliferation of quality measures used in quality-monitoring, provider-profiling, and pay-for-performance (P4P) programs. Al-though individual performance measures are useful for identifying specific processes and outcomes for improvement and tracking progress, they do not easily provide an accessible overview of performance. Composite measures aggregate individual performance measures into a summary score. By reducing the amount of data that must be processed, they facilitate (1) benchmarking of an organization's performance, encouraging quality improvement initiatives to match performance against high-performing organizations, and (2) profiling and P4P programs based on an organization's overall performance. METHODS We describe different approaches to creating composite measures,discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and provide examples of their use. FINDINGS The major issues in creating composite measures are (1) whether to aggregate measures at the patient level through all-or-none approaches or the facility level, using one of the several possible weighting schemes; (2) when combining measures on different scales, how to rescale measures (using z scores,range percentages, ranks, or 5-star categorizations); and (3) whether to use shrinkage estimators, which increase precision by smoothing rates from smaller facilities but also decrease transparency. CONCLUSIONS Because provider rankings and rewards under P4P programs may be sensitive to both context and the data, careful analysis is warranted before deciding to implement a particular method. A better understanding of both when and where to use composite measures and the incentives created by composite measures are likely to be important areas of research as the use of composite measures grows.
MOLEC: anywhere and at any time arrhythmia classification

The new advances in sensor technology, PDAs and wireless communications favor the development of a new type of monitoring systems that can provide patients with assistance anywhere and at any time. Of particular interest are the monitoring systems designed for people that suffer from heart arrhythmias, due to the increasing number of people with cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we present MOLEC: a PDA-based system that performs local real-time classification and detects the ECG anomalies in situ. In the actual implementation of MOLEC, the signal is acquired by some ECG sensors (ActiveECG sensors) with a 360 Hz frequency. For the preprocessing of the signal the ECGPUWAVE tool and an automata developed by us that identifies the beats are used. We have also developed a beat and rhythm classifiers that determine if there has been an anomalous rhythm, and in that case, an alarm is sent to a hospital via wireless communications. The rhythm detection delay of the MOLEC system is of 6.66 seconds
Possibility of non-invasive blood pressure estimation by measurements of force and arteries diameter

Ultrasound examination is the first line procedure for the diagnosis and follow-up of cardiovascular diseases. Instrumenting an ultrasound probe with a force sensor may improve thenon-invasive measurement of arterial biomechanical parameters (diameter, pulsatility, intima-media thickness and flow-dependent dilation) by measuring and controlling the force exerted by the sonographer. We present here the results obtained with this approach coupled with image processing for the measurement of arterial diameter changes during the cardiac cycle and dynamic tests. The analysis of artery force feedback provided non-invasively an estimation of blood pressure waveform.
Discovering New Drug-Drug Interactions by Text-Mining the Biomedical Literature

Americans are living longer than ever before, and with that increased age comes a greater reliance on pharmaceuticals. For example, recent estimates by Kaiser Permanente indicate that the average 70-year-old American fills over 30 prescriptions per year [1]. The chance of an adverse drug reaction increases exponentially as each new drug is added to an individual’s regime. What many people do not know is that clinical trials for new drugs do not typically address the issue of drug-drug interactions (DDI) directly, and often test new drugs in young, healthy people who are not part of a given drug’s target population. Because of this, potentially-serious DDI are often not discovered until a drug is already on the market. In addition, a patient may be unaware that a symptom he experiences is due to a DDI, and may blame it on other factors. Many DDIs, therefore, probably go unreported. Chemically-speaking, most DDIs are the result of one of two possible factors. First, a drug may inhibit an enzyme that is responsible for metabolizing another drug, effectively increasing the second drug’s concentration in the body. And second, a drug may cause the body to produce more of an enzyme that metabolizes another drug, effectively decreasing that drug’s concentration [2]. In both cases, the DDI is actually the result of both drugs’ interacting with a single enzyme, which is the protein product of a gene. Therefore, most drug-drug interactions are actually drug-gene-drug interactions. Unfortunately, while lists of known DDIs are widely available and commonly-used in clinical practice, druggene interactions are not as widely known. In addition, genes and drugs can interact in a variety of ways, and it is unclear which interaction types are most predictive of a drug’s tendency to interact with other drugs. Furthermore, no complete databases exist that concisely describe the exact mechanisms by which drugs and genes interact; most of these interactions are only described in papers buried deep within the scientific literature. In this environment, text mining presents a solution to the problem of uncovering novel DDIs. Previous work [7] has established methods for using a syntactical parser to identify and characterize drug-gene relationships. The end result was a semantic network of drug-gene relationships in which the edges consisted of several hundred interaction types normalized to concepts in an ontology. Here I present a method for using this approach to learn the types of druggene relationships that can predict drug-drug interactions, and then applying this method to predict novel DDIs.
Excitation mechanisms in newly discovered H2-bearing damped Lyman-α clouds: systems with low molecular fractions ,

Aims. We probe the physical conditions in high-redshift damped Lyman-α systems (DLAs) using the observed molecular fraction and the rotational excitation of molecular hydrogen. Methods. We search for Lyman- and Werner-band absorption lines of molecular hydrogen in the VLT/UVES spectra of background QSOs at the redshift of known DLAs. Results. We report two new detections of molecular hydrogen in the systems at zabs = 2.402 and 1.989 toward, respectively, HE 0027−1836 and HE 2318−1107, discovered in the course of the Hamburg-ESO DLA survey. We also present a detailed analysis of our recent H2 detection toward Q 2343+125. All three systems have low molecular fractions, log f ≤− 4, with f = 2N(H2)/(2N(H2) + N(H i)). Only one such H2 system was known previously. Two of them (toward Q 2343+125 and HE 2318−1107) have high-metallicities, [X/H] > −1, whereas the DLA toward HE 0027−1836 is the system with the lowest metallicity ([Zn/H] = −1.63) among known H2-bearing DLAs. The depletion patterns for Si, S, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe and Ni in the three systems are found to be very similar to what is observed in diffuse gas of the Galactic halo. Molecular hydrogen absorption from rotational levels up to J = 5 is observed in a single well-defined component toward HE 0027−1836. We show that the width (Doppler parameter) of the H2 lines increases with increasing J and that the kinetic energy derived from the Doppler parameter is linearly dependent on the relative energy of the rotational levels. There is however no velocity shift between lines from different rotational levels. The excitation temperature is found to be 90 K for J = 0t oJ = 2a nd∼500 K for higher J levels. Single isothermal PDR models fail to reproduce the observed rotational excitations. A two-component model is needed: one component of low density (∼50 cm −3 ) with weak illumination (χ = 1) to explain the J ≤ 2 rotational levels and another of high density (∼500 cm −3 ) with strong illumination (χ = 30) for J ≥ 3 levels. However, the juxtaposition of these two PDR components may be ad-hoc and the multicomponent structure could result either from turbulent dissipation or C-shocks.
Reframing Internalized Oppression and Internalized Domination: From the Psychological to the Sociocultural.

This article presents a reinterpretation of ‘‘internalized oppression’’ and ‘‘internalized domination,’’ not as internal, psychological qualities or characteristics, but rather as sociocultural phenomena—that is, as forms of ‘‘mediated action. ’’ Mediated action entails two central elements: (1) an agent, the person who is doing the acting, and (2) cultural tools (or ‘‘mediational means’’), the tools, means, or instruments appropriated from the culture and used by the agent to accomplish a given action. Such a reframing leads to a new conception of appropriated oppression and appropriated domination/ privilege, both of which have significant implications for the practice of critical pedagogy in general, and what has come to be called antioppressive education in particular.
Claudin‐4 binder C‐CPE 194 enhances effects of anticancer agents on pancreatic cancer cell lines via a MAPK pathway

The C‐terminal fragment of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C‐CPE) modulates the tight junction protein claudin and disrupts the tight junctional barrier. It also can enhance the effectiveness of anticancer agents. However, the detailed mechanisms of the effects of C‐CPE remain unclear in both normal and cancerous cells. The C‐CPE mutant called C‐CPE 194 binds only to claudin‐4, but the C‐CPE 194 mutant called C‐CPE m19 binds not only to claudin‐4 but also to claudin‐1. In the present study, to investigate the mechanisms of the effects of C‐CPE on claudin expression, the tight junctional functions and the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents, human pancreatic cancer cells, and normal human pancreatic duct epithelial cells (HPDEs) were treated with C‐CPE 194 and C‐CPE m19. In well‐differentiated cells of the pancreatic cancer cell line HPAC, C‐CPE 194 and C‐CPE m19 disrupted both the barrier and fence functions without changes in expression of claudin‐1 and ‐4, together with an increase of MAPK phosphorylation. C‐CPE 194, but not C‐CPE m19, enhanced the cytotoxicity of the anticancer agents gemcitabine and S‐1. In poorly differentiated pancreatic cancer cell line PANC‐1, C‐CPE 194, but not C‐CPE m19, decreased claudin‐4 expression and enhanced MAPK activity and the cytotoxicity of the anticancer agents. In normal HPDEs, C‐CPE 194 and C‐CPE m19 decreased claudin‐4 expression and enhanced the MAPK activity, whereas they did not affect the cytotoxicity of the anticancer agents. Our findings suggest that the claudin‐4 binder C‐CPE 194 enhances effects of anticancer agents on pancreatic cancer cell lines via a MAPK pathway.
Online Energy-Efficient Hard Real-Time Scheduling for Component Oriented Systems

The energy efficiency becomes one of the most important concerns in mobile electronic systems design with mandatory requirements for low energy consumption, long battery life and low heat dissipation. Dynamic Power Management (DPM) and Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS or DVS) are two widely applied system level techniques to conserve system-wide power consumption. In the context of hard real-time systems, however, DPM and DVS have to be used with great caution in terms of timing constraints. In this article, we study the combined application of DPM and DVS for component oriented systems with hard real-time tasks and propose a simulated annealing based optimization algorithm and its online execution with constant complexity at each scheduling point. Additionally, our approach considers multiple low power states (sleep states) with non-negligible switching overhead. The experimental results show that our approach can achieve almost an optimal solution.
Understanding Satirical Articles Using Common-Sense

Automatic satire detection is a subtle text classification task, for machines and at times, even for humans. In this paper we argue that satire detection should be approached using common-sense inferences, rather than traditional text classification methods. We present a highly structured latent variable model capturing the required inferences. The model abstracts over the specific entities appearing in the articles, grouping them into generalized categories, thus allowing the model to adapt to previously unseen situations.
Low Incidence of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteraemia in The Netherlands in 2009

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a worldwide problem in both hospitals and communities all over the world. In 2003, a new MRSA clade emerged with a reservoir in pigs and veal calves: livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). We wanted to estimate the incidence of bacteraemias due to LA-MRSA using national surveillance data from 2009 in the Netherlands. We found a low incidence of LA-MRSA and MRSA bacteraemia episodes, compared to bacteraemias caused by all S. aureus (0.04, 0.18 and 19.3 episodes of bacteraemia per 100,000 inhabitants per year, respectively). LA-MRSA and MRSA were uncommon compared to numbers from other countries as well. MRSA in general and LA-MRSA in specific does not appear to be a public health problem in the Netherlands now. The low incidence of LA-MRSA bacteraemia episodes may best be explained by differences in the populations affected by LA-MRSA versus other MRSA. However, reduced virulence of the strain involved, and the effectiveness of the search and destroy policy might play a role as well.
Gaps in design and tests of dependable embedded systems

The paper focuses on gaps in design and test technology for dependable embedded systems. Possible gaps in design may influence systemel��� cie and as the result final product may notel��� all requirements or some of desired properties. Test phase is also i mportant as it may indicate even subtle errors which occurre d in previous phases. The article presents possible solu tions to improve the design and test technology.