Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The validity and reliability of a new instrumented device for measuring ankle dorsiflexion range of motion.

PURPOSE/BACKGROUND A restriction in ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) has been linked to several clinical manifestations such as metatarsalgia, heel pain, nerve entrapment, ankle joint equinus, patellar and ankle injuries. The purpose of the present study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Leg Motion system for measuring ankle dorsiflexion ROM. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive repeated-measures study. METHODS Twenty-six healthy male university students were recruited to test the reliability of the Leg Motion system, which is a portable tool used for assessment of ankle dorsiflexion during the weight-bearing lunge test. The participants were tested two times separated by two weeks and measurements were performed at the same time of the day by the same single rater. To test the validity of the Leg Motion system, other maximal ankle dorsiflexion ROM assessments (goniometer, inclinometer and measuring tape) were measured in a single session (i.e., the first test session) during the weight-bearing lunge position using a standard goniometer, a digital inclinometer and a measuring tape measure with the ability to measure to the nearest 0.1 cm. RESULTS Paired t-tests showed the absence of significant differences between right and left limb measurements of dorsiflexion in all tests. Mean values ± standard deviations were as follows: Leg Motion test (left 11.6cm±3.9; right 11.9cm ±4.0), tape measure (left 11.6cm±4.0; right 11.8cm±4.2), goniometer (left 40.6º±5.2; right 40.6º±5.2), and digital inclinometer (left 40.0º±5.8; right 39.9º±5.6). The Leg Motion composite values (i.e., average of the two legs) showed a significant (p<0.05) positive correlation with the tape measure (r=0.99), with the goniometer (r=0.66), and with the digital inclinometer (r=0.72). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study provide evidence to support the use of the Leg Motion system as a valid, portable, and easy to use alternative to the weight-bearing lunge test to assess ankle dorsiflexion ROM in healthy participants. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b.
An introduction to Hegel : freedom, truth, and history

Acknowledgements to the Second Edition.Acknowledgements to the First Edition.List of Abbreviations.Chronology. Introduction.1 History and Truth.The Historicity of Thought and Civilization.Comparing Civilizations.Self-consciousness and Historical Progress.History, Truth and Relativism.History and the Absolute.2 Thinking Without Presuppositions.Thought and Freedom.From Indeterminate to Determinate Thought.The Method of Dialectical Thinking.Logic and Ontology.Logic, Science and History.3 Phenomenology and Natural Consciousness.Logic and Phenomenology.The Method of Phenomenology.Logic in Phenomenology.The Role of the "We". Sense-certainty.From Certainty to Truth.Absolute Knowing: The Standpoint of Philosophy.4 The Path to Absolute Knowing.Self-consciousness and the Master/Slave Relation.Stoicism. The Unhappy Consciousness and Reason.Spirit and Absolute Freedom.Moral Spirit.Conscience. The Beautiful Soul, Evil and Forgiveness.Religion. Absolute Knowing.Phenomenology and Philosophy.5 Reason in Nature.From Logic to Nature.Nature: The Idea as the "Negative of Itself". Reason and Nature's "System of Stages". Contingency and the Limits of Philosophy.Philosophy and Natural Science.6 Space, Gravity and the Freeing of Matter.Space and its Dimensions.Time. Place and Motion.Matter and its Gravity.Mass, Inertia and Weight.Falling Bodies and Galileo's Law.The Solar System.Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion.Hegel and Newton.Hegel and Relativity.7 Life and Embodied Spirit.The "Ideal" Structure of Life.Chemistry and Life.Plants and Animals.Sensation in Animals.Life, Death and Spirit.Evolution. Embodied Spirit.Intelligence and its Signs.8 Freedom, Rights and Civility.From Hegel to Hitler? The Limits of Choice.Rights, Property and Slavery.The Problem with Being Moral.Freedom at Home in the World.Civil Society and Poverty.Freedom and the State.9 Art and Human Wholeness.Art, Religion and Philosophy.The Function of Art.Beauty and Ideal Character.The Historicity of Art.Symbolic and Classical Art.Christianity, Aesthetic Autonomy and the "Death" of Art.10 Philosophy and Christian Faith.Philosophy, Reason and Geist.Philosophy and Religious Representation.God as Reason and Love.Faith and Worship.Death, Freedom and New Life.Faith, Interpretation and Philosophy.Philosophy and Faith in History.Notes. Bibliographical Essay.Index
Coordinated Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor and NOD2 Signaling by K63-Linked Polyubiquitin Chains

ABSTRACT K63 polyubiquitin chains spatially and temporally link innate immune signaling effectors such that cytokine release can be coordinated. Crohn's disease is a prototypical inflammatory disorder in which this process may be faulty as the major Crohn's disease-associated protein, NOD2 (nucleotide oligomerization domain 2), regulates the formation of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains on the I kappa kinase (IKK) scaffolding protein, NEMO (NF-κB essential modifier). In this work, we study these K63-linked ubiquitin networks to begin to understand the biochemical basis for the signaling cross talk between extracellular pathogen Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and intracellular pathogen NOD receptors. This work shows that TLR signaling requires the same ubiquitination event on NEMO to properly signal through NF-κB. This ubiquitination is partially accomplished through the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6. TRAF6 is activated by NOD2, and this activation is lost with a major Crohn's disease-associated NOD2 allele, L1007insC. We further show that TRAF6 and NOD2/RIP2 share the same biochemical machinery (transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 [TAK1]/TAB/Ubc13) to activate NF-κB, allowing TLR signaling and NOD2 signaling to synergistically augment cytokine release. These findings suggest a biochemical mechanism for the faulty cytokine balance seen in Crohn's disease.
Non-covalent PEGylation of therapeutic proteins

Cette these en sciences pharmaceutiques se penchait sur la stabilisation des proteines therapeutiques en solutions. Cette classe de medicaments possede quelques avantages par rapport aux petites molecules. L’avantage le plus important est qu’ils ont le potentiel d’avoir une affinite et une specificite superieure contre leur cible. La principale problematique avec les formulations de proteines therapeutiques reside dans leur faible stabilite due a leur structure tertiaire qui est dynamique et tres sensible a l’environnement. Si elle est perturbee, des proteines peuvent se lier entre elles et former des agregats avec une multitude de differents mecanismes. Ces agregats proteiques perdent leur activite et peuvent devenir immunogeniques. Les strategies pour developper une solution stable comprennent l’optimisation de la formulation (modifications du pH, de la concentration des sels, des osmolytes et des sucres) ainsi que la modification covalente avec un polymere de poly(ethylene glycol), un progres bien connu nomme PEGylation. La PEGylation cree un bouclier sterique autour des molecules proteines et les empeche de se lier, empechant de ce fait leur agregation. Malheureusement cet effet de bouclier sterique peut aussi impacter l’interaction entre les proteines therapeutiques et leurs cibles et diminuer leur affinite. Une idee pour esquiver cette diminution est d’utiliser un systeme de PEGylation non-covalente qui protege les proteines contre l’agregation in vitro, mais preserve l’affinite native in vivo. Dans ce travail nous avons travaille avec un excipient pour la PEGylation non-covalente qui etait deja etablit pour une certaine proteine. Nous avons montre que la stabilisation par PEGylation non-covalente n’est pas limitee a cette proteine, mais aussi applicable sur deux autres proteines. Dans une autre partie de ce travail nous avons utilise une nouvelle strategie de PEGylation non-covalente, basee sur des affinites de deux familles de peptides, JunB and cfos. Nous avons montre avec plusieurs techniques qu’il est possible d’atteindre une PEGylation non-covalente avec ce systeme. Malheureusement il s’est avere que la proteine modele choisie (G-CSF) etait destabilisee par cette PEGylation non-covalente. Malgre ce revers de fortune, nous avons montre que le systeme est valide et cette approche de PEGylation non covalente pourrait dans le futur etre utilisee pour la stabilisation d’autres proteines.
The Slosson Intelligence Test as a Quick Screening Test of Mental Ability with Profoundly and Severely Retarded Children

The study investigated the test-retest reliability of the Slosson Intelligence Test when administered and scored by 9 special education teachers who had no experience in psychological testing. Subjects were 53 profoundly and severely retarded children, ranging in age from 5 to 16 yr. Pearson product-moment coefficients were . 92 for girls, . 96 for boys, and . 94 for all subjects for scores on two occasions. The results support Slosson's contention that the test can be reliably administered by personnel with little psychometric knowledge.
Investigating micro-alloyed solder joints with electrochemical etching

In this paper micro-alloyed solders were investigated with a new technique of electrochemical material removal. The samples were soldered with low silver content and micro-alloyed solders and with SAC305 and SAC405. We could investigate the surface of the intermetallic layer by etching the tin based layer from the top of the intermetallic layer. From cross-sections, we also obtained data indicating that what kind of microstructure formed after the reflow process in the solder joints. We measured the thickness of the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic layer in each solder joints. After the etching process, we detected that the shapes of the formed Cu6Sn5 intermetallic layer were different in each samples.
The uronic acids assay: a method for the determination of chemical activity on biofilm EPS

In this work, the uronic acids assay was evaluated for its potential to function as a bioassay to screen for antagonistic activity against the production of microbial biofilm exopolysaccharide (EPS). The assay was first applied to biofilms produced in the presence of two universal disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite and sodium dodecyl sulfate) known to inhibit microbial growth and biofilm formation. The performance of the assay was then characterized through statistical assessment of threshold concentrations for disinfection efficiency and consistency relative to values reported in the literature. The assay was then evaluated for its utility in screening for enzymatic or chemical inhibitors of biofilm formation (eg glycosidases, halogenated furanones, and semi-crude fractions extracted from minimally fouled marine plants) and its ability to distinguish between true anti-biofilm activity and simple disinfection. Activity was characterized as (i) no effect, (ii) a true positive effect (ie increased biofilm EPS), (iii) anti-bacterial activity (ie decreased biofilm EPS and analogous decrease in planktonic growth), and (iv) anti-biofilm EPS activity (ie decreased biofilm EPS, without analogous decrease in planktonic growth). Results demonstrate that the uronic acids assay can augment existing biofilm characterization methods by providing a quantitative measure of biofilm EPS.
A One‐Stage Nipple Reconstruction with the “Modified Star” Flap and Immediate Tattoo: A Review of 100 Cases

Nipple reconstruction employing both grafts and local flaps has historically been a staged procedure. This paper presents a one-stage procedure using a local flap with immediate tattoo that has the advantages of high patient satisfaction and low cost. The procedure can be performed in a minor surgery suite with local or no anesthetic in 15 to 30 minutes. In this series of 100 nipples there has been only one partial necrosis, which was easily corrected with a “boost” procedure. Only 8 percent of patients required revision procedures in the office, and there have been no infections or wound complications. Patient satisfaction and compliance have been excellent because the procedure is fast and easy with minimal morbidity. Modifications in technique are presented, based on the type of breast reconstruction (implant versus flap), local scarring, and size and color of the opposite nipple-areola complex. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 92: 671, 1993.)
Assessing Intercultural Communication Competency and Health Communication

Diversity in workplaces usually opened to intercultural communication. There were different people with different language and cultural who works together. The differences affect the ability to communicate with members and failures in delivering the information needed. Intercultural communication competency comprised of knowledge, motivation and skills. This paper focused on intercultural communication influences effectiveness of health communication. A survey was conducted among 155 nurses at the Putra Specialist Hospital (Melaka) Pt. Ltd. consisting of various races and cultures. ANOVA analysis and Pearson correlation analysis revealed factors intercultural communication of knowledge, motivation and skills supported health communication. An application of intercultural communication helps individual to communicate effectively and reduced the conflict in workplaces. Further research is suggested for an exploring of intercultural communication as strategy in managing workforce diversity.
DESIGN FOR SKIN & SHAPE IN THE PACKAGING INDUSTRY

Over the years a number of Design for ‘X’ methodologies have been presented by a variety of researchers. The main idea behind these proposals was to stress one particular design issue over the others. Although all issues should be considered simultaneously, while designing a new product, sometimes there is a need to pay more attention on only one of them. Traditionally, the researchers dealt with the design of products and manufacturing and/or assembly were the first issues brought into attention related to the Design for Manufacturing and Assembly methodologies. The area of modern packaging design is traditionally treated in a similar manner with product design. Although this is not a mistake, there is a gap in creating a novel design methodology exclusively for the packaging industry. The proposed Design for Skin and Shape (Df S&S) methodology is stressing the idea that the user of a product should understand clearly, which product is held in the proposed packaging by the packaging design itself. A series of case studies is presented in order to establish the advantages of the proposed methodology.
Does Avalanche Shovel Shape Affect Excavation Time: A Pilot Study

In Europe and North America, approximately 150 fatalities occur as a result of avalanches every year. However, it is unclear whether certain shovel shapes are more effective than others in snow removal during avalanche victim recovery. The objective was to determine the performance parameters with a developed standardized test using different shovel shapes and to determine sex-specific differences. Hence, several parameters were determined for clearing the snow from a snow filled box (15 men, 14 women). A flat (F) and a deep (D) shovel blade with the shaft connected straight (S) or in clearing mode (C) were used for the investigation of the shovel shapes FS, DC and the subsequent use of DC&DS. Mean snow mass shifted per unit time increased significantly from 1.50 kg/s with FS to 1.71 kg/s (14%) with DS and further to 1.79 kg/s (4%) with DC&DS for all participants. Snow mass shifted per unit time was 44% higher (p < 0.05) for men than for women. In excavation operations, the sex-specific physical performance should be taken into account. The results were limited to barely binding snow, because only with this snow did the tests show a high reliability.
Differential induction of type I interferons in macaques by wild‐type measles virus alone or with the hemagglutinin protein of the Edmonston vaccine strain

Measles vaccines are highly effective and safe; however, the mechanism(s) underlying their attenuation has not been well understood. In this study, type I IFNs (IFN‐α and IFN‐β) induction in macaques infected with measles virus (MV) strains was examined. Type I IFNs were not induced in macaques infected with wild‐type MV. However, IFN‐α was sharply induced in most macaques infected with recombinant wild‐type MV bearing the hemagglutinin (H) protein of the Edmonston vaccine strain. These results indicate that the H protein of MV vaccine strains may have a role in MV attenuation.
Prediction of methane hydrate equilibrium pressurs in the presence of aqueous Imidazolium-based ionic liquid solutions using Electrolyte Cubic Square Well Equation of State

Electrolyte Cubic Square-Well Equation of State, eCSW EoS, based upon the Helmholtz free energy consists of the one non-electrolyte term and the two electrolyte terms. The non-electrolyte term is cubic square-well equation of state (CSW EoS) and the two electrolyte contributions consist of a Born energy and the mean spherical approximation terms. In this work, eCSW EoS is coupled with the van der Waals-Platteuw model and applied to predict the hydrate dissociation pressures of the methane+ ionic liquid+ water systems. Ferthermore, the adjustable paramers of the imidazolium based ionic liquid solutions calculated by using experimental data in litreture.A good agreement between the results of the model with the experimental data indicates the reliability of this model to predict the hydrate equilibrium conditions.
Determining Parasitoid Species Composition in a Host Population: A Molecular Approach

Abstract Larvae of closely related parasitoid taxa often lack morphological differences that can be used for species level identification. Determining the parasitoid species present in a host population may require rearing, often a time-consuming process. To monitor field parasitism rates by several species of Peristenus wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) that are natural enemies of Lygus (Heteroptera: Miridae), we have developed a two-step molecular approach. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the COI gene with wasp-targeting primers is performed on DNA extracted from a Lygus nymph and the parasitoid larva (if any) therein. A positive reaction indicates parasitoid presence. A restriction digest of the PCR product then indicates which parasitoid species is present among known alternatives, and a diagnosis is achieved in days rather than weeks or months.
Early Design Verification of Complex Assemblies using a Hybrid – Model Based and Physical Testing-Methodology

Design verification in the digital domain, using model-based principles, is a key research objective to address the industrial requirement for reduced physical testing and prototyping. For complex assemblies, the verification of the design intent and the associated production methods is currently fragmented, prolonged and sub-optimal, as it is based on the sequential consideration of various aspects in the digital and physical domains using a range of systems. This paper describes a novel hybrid design verification methodology that integrates model-based verification analysis with the measurement data and plans derived from the physical testing of prototype assemblies, in order to facilitate the early verification of complex designs from the perspective of satisfying key assembly criteria.
Mechanical behavior of a capsule embedded in cementitious matrix-macro model and numerical simulation

X.F. Wang, F. Xing*, Q. Xie, N.X. Han, T. Kishi and T.H. Ahn Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China Department of Human & Social System, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan. International Sustainable Engineering Materials (ISEM) Center, Ceramic Materials Institute & Division of Advanced Materials Sci. Eng. Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791 Korea
Potential relationships between lower extremity structural alignment and toe angle during static and dynamic activities

Background: The influence of lower extremity structural alignment on foot progression angle (FPA) and toe-out angle (TOA) has been measured, however foot structure has not been included in this analysis. No studies to our knowledge have assessed the influence of lower quarter structure on standing toe-out angle or during dynamic tasks such as squatting. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the potential influence of longitudinal arch angle (LAA) and weight-bearing dorsiflexion in addition to passive hip internal rotation (HIR) and thigh foot angle (TFA) on the following activities: standing TOA, FPA (walking TOA), forward arm squat TOA, and barbell back squat TOA. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 37 participants (19 male; 18 female) who lacked a history of lower extremity injury were recruited from the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. Each participant reported a score of seven or greater on the Tegner activity scale and had previous experience with squatting tasks. The following measurements were taken for each participant: height, weight, hip internal rotation, thigh foot angle, longitudinal arch angle, weight-bearing dorsiflexion, hip width, static toe-out angle and stance width; toe-out angle, stance width and squat depth during a forward arm squat; toe-out angle, stance width and squat depth during a barbell back squat; standing hip height, and foot progression angle. Results: HIR exhibited a significant correlation with TOA/FPA in each of the four models: static stance TOA, FPA, forward arm squat TOA, and barbell back squat TOA. HIR alone explained 15% and 24% of the variance associated with standing TOA and FPA, respectively. HIR and TFA explained 25% of the variance associated with TOA in a forward arm squat. HIR, TFA, and LAA explained 43% of the variance associated with TOA in a barbell back squat. On average, participants exhibited a positive TOA and FPA. Furthermore, average stance width and TOA increased from standing TOA to forward arm squat TOA to barbell back squat TOA. Conclusion: HIR was the most consistent structural predictor for TOA and FPA. Thigh foot angle was influential during a forward arm and barbell back squat. LAA was only associated with TOA during a barbell back squat which may be explained by participants naturally preparing for a loaded movement. Ankle dorsiflexion does not appear to influence TOA/FPA. Clinical Relevance: This study provides data on a specific population of young adult athletes. It shows that a positive TOA and FPA is widely preferred among participants, and stance width and TOA adapts to the task performed. Foot arch height is not a predictor of TOA or FPA and does not need to be included in an analysis of FPA. Finally, due to the overwhelming preference of a positive TOA during squatting tasks, clinicians and researchers alike should consider having participants squat in a natural, preferred stance. Table of
Further Evidence on Adolescent Employment and Substance Use: Differences by Race and Ethnicity∗

In an on-going debate over the consequences of adolescent employment, there is growing agreement that work intensity (i.e., longer hours) fosters underage drinking and other substance use. The current study furthers our understanding of the relationship between hours of employment and substance use in adolescence by testing whether it is evident across racial/ethnic groups. Based on data from two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, the study finds that the effects of work intensity on substance use is mostly limited to whites. Work intensity is not consistently related to alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use among minority adolescents.