Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scaling regression inputs by dividing by two standard deviations

Interpretation of regression coefficients is sensitive to the scale of the inputs. One method often used to place input variables on a common scale is to divide each numeric variable by its standard deviation. Here we propose dividing each numeric variable by two times its standard deviation, so that the generic comparison is with inputs equal to the mean ±1 standard deviation. The resulting coefficients are then directly comparable for untransformed binary predictors. We have implemented the procedure as a function in R. We illustrate the method with two simple analyses that are typical of applied modeling: a linear regression of data from the National Election Study and a multilevel logistic regression of data on the prevalence of rodents in New York City apartments. We recommend our rescaling as a default option—an improvement upon the usual approach of including variables in whatever way they are coded in the data file—so that the magnitudes of coefficients can be directly compared as a matter of routine statistical practice. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes 6, 11, 16 and 18 by AllGlo Quadruplex Quantitative PCR

Background Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are classified into high-risk HPV and low-risk HPV. The most common high-risk HPV types in cervical cancer are HPV 16 and 18, and the most common low-risk types causing genital warts are HPV 6 and HPV 11. In this study, applying novel AllGlo fluorescent probes, we established a quadruplex quantitative PCR method to simultaneously detect and differentiate HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 in a single tube. Methods The specificity, the sensitivity, the detection limit, the reproducibility and the standard curve of this method were examined. Finally, clinical samples that had been tested previously by TaqMan PCR and HPV GenoArray (GA) test were used to verify the accuracy and sensitivity of the method. Results The assay has a sensitivity of 101 to 102 copies/test and a linear detection range from 101 to 108 copies/test. The mean amplification efficiencies for HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 were 0.97, 1.10, 0.93 and 1.20, respectively, and the mean correlation coefficient (r2) of each standard curve was above 0.99 for plasmid templates ranging from 103 to 107 copies/test. There was 100% agreement between the AllGlo quadruplex quantitative PCR, HPV GA test and TaqMan uniplex qPCR methods. Conclusions AllGlo quadruplex quantitative PCR in a single tube has the advantages of relatively high throughput, good reproducibility, high sensitivity, high specificity, and a wide linear range of detection. The convenient single tube format makes this assay a powerful tool for the studies of mixed infections by multiple pathogens, viral typing and viral load quantification.
Alemtuzumab induction in non‐hepatitis C positive liver transplant recipients

Limited data exist for the use of alemtuzumab (AL) induction in liver transplantation (LT) recipients. We compared the outcomes of hepatitis C virus–negative LT recipients who received AL induction followed by tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil without steroids to cohort who received no AL induction, tacrolimus, and a steroid taper. Fifty‐five AL‐induced recipients were compared to 85 non–AL‐induced recipients with similar characteristics. Two‐year patient survival (80% versus 88.2%, P = 0.0665) and graft survival (76.4% versus 82.4%, P = 0.1792) were not significantly different between the AL and non‐AL groups, respectively. Other outcomes, including acute rejection (20% versus 30.3%), renal dysfunction (creatinine levels: 1.3 ±0.3 versus 1.4 ± 0.6 mg/dL), and immunosuppressant monotherapy (29.1% versus 44.3%), were not significantly different between the AL and non‐AL groups, respectively (P > 0.05). The number of rejection episodes (12 versus 42, P = 0.02) and the number of patients with new‐onset hypertension (3 versus 15, P = 0.03) were lower in the AL group, although the incidence of all posttransplant infections was higher with AL (63.6% versus 44.3%, P = 0.03), primarily because of an increase in viral infections. In conclusion, a steroid‐free AL induction regimen was associated with less hypertension and rejection but with more infectious complications; thus, the overall benefit of AL induction in LT recipients is called into question. Liver Transpl 17:32–37, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.
The psychosocial impact of incontinence on older people: a review.

The psychosocial impact of incontinence on older people is a relatively poorly recognised area of continence care, especially in care settings where incontinence is not a primary concern. Although continence care is fundamental in almost all areas of nursing practice, it can be something about which nurses become complacent. Psychosocial considerations can be overlooked in favour of the practicalities of toileting, catheter-bag emptying or pad-changing, and older people can be left feeling not only embarrassed and insecure but also that they are a burden (Athlin et al 1993). The prevalence of incontinence is likely to increase with an ageing population, and the psychosocial impact on older individuals therefore needs to be given greater consideration. In reviewing the literature on the psychosocial impact of incontinence on older people, this article aims to offer insight into the experiences of sufferers and to emphasise the importance of truly individualised care.
Matrix-bound delivery of BMP-2 from a biomimetic film : protein structure, long-term stability and cellular uptake

The natural surface of bulk prostheses materials, such as metallic implants, is not suitable for successful osteointegration of implants. Therefore, improving the surface to render it osteoconductive and osteoinductive is needed. The controlled delivery of osteoinductive bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) from the surface of implantable materials would enable faster and better bone formation around the implant. In particular, BMP-2 plays an important role in the early phase of differentiation of stems cells in bone cells. The coating of natural polymers that have a high affinity for BMP-2 would enable BMP retention and localized delivery at the implant surface. Using the layer-by-layer technique, we have developed a coating made of the biopolymers hyaluronan and poly(L-Lysine), which acts as a reservoir to trap BMP-2 and to present them to cells in a "matrix-bound" manner. The in vitro bioactivity and in vivo osteoinductive properties of BMP-2-loaded films have previously been proved. In this work, the aim is to further understand the interaction of the BMP-2 with the film and the uptake of BMP-2 by the cells. First, the secondary structure of matrix-bound BMP-2 was studied and compared to its structure in solution. Second, the impact of drying, long term storage and sterilization on film structure and bioactivity were assessed. Finally, we investigated if and how matrix-bound BMP-2 is internalized by the cells from the different cross-linked films, the internalization route and its relation to BMP-2 signaling.
MPVM: A Migration Transparent Version of PVM

Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) is a widely-used software system that allows a heterogeneous set of parallel and serial UNIX-based computers to be programmed as a single distributed-memory parallel machine. In this paper, an extension to PVM to support dynamic process migration is presented. Support for migration is important in general-purpose workstation environments since it allows parallel computations to co-exist with other applications, using idle-cycles as they become available and off-loading from workstations when they are no longer free. A description and evaluation of the design and implementation of the prototype Migratable PVM system is presented together with some performance results.
Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity and Protection by Milk Thistle Extract in Rats

The protective effect of methanolic extract of milk thistle seeds and silymarin against cisplatin-induced renal toxicity in male rats after a single intraperitoneal injection of 3 mg kg−1 cisplatin were studied. Over 5 days, cisplatin-treated rats showed tubular necrosis and elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr). Pretreatment of animals with silymarin (50 mg kg−1) or extract (0.6 g kg−1) 2 h before cisplatin prevented the tubular damage. Rats treated with silymarin or extract 2 h after cisplatin had BUN and Scr significantly lower than those receiving cisplatin, but mild to moderate necrosis was observed. These results suggested that milk thistle may protect against cisplatin-induced renal toxicity and might serve as a novel combination agent with cisplatin to limit renal injury.
Age wise prevalence of developmental coordination disorder in school going children in west India

Background: Children with movement skill difficulties that have not been diagnosed with a general medical condition. This difficulty in motor skill competence, observed in children who are developing well intellectually, is termed ‘developmental coordination disorder’ (DCD). DCD is a highly prevalent disorder (5-6% of school-aged children) so it is likely that there is at least one child with DCD in most classrooms. The early diagnosis of DCD can be helpful to prevent the future secondary complications. Aim: So purpose of this study is to find out age wise prevalence DCD in school going children in West India. Materials and methods: It was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in PCMC area schools Multistage stratified sampling done to assessing 516 children’s by Using The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2). Statistical analysis used was Mean and Standard Deviation (SD) and Chi-square test was used to analysis. Results: Age 8 and 9 year showed highest prevalence of DCD (3.16%). This difference in various age group was not statically significant as P=0.219 by chi-square test. Conclusion: Age 8 and 9 year showed more prevalence of Developmental coordination disorder than other age. N Sanjivani Dhote, J Palekar Tushar, Suvarna Ganvir. Age wise prevalence of developmental coordination disorder in school going children in west India. IAIM, 2017; 4(4): 1-7.
Algorithm of Interferometric Coherence Estimation for Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Pair

Interferometric coherence is an important indicator of reliability for interferograms obtained by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (Interferometric SAR, InSAR). Areas with low coherence values are unsuitable for interferometric data processing. Also, it may be used as a classification parameter for various coverage types. Coherence magnitude can be calculated as an absolute value of the correlation coefficient between two complex SAR images with averaging in a local window. The problem in coherence estimation is in its dependence on phase slope caused by relief topography (topographic phase). A method for suppression of the topographic phase influence is proposed, based on the spatial phase derivation.
A Population‐Based Assessment of Rates of Bone Loss at Multiple Skeletal Sites: Evidence for Substantial Trabecular Bone Loss in Young Adult Women and Men

Using QCT, we made a longitudinal, population‐based assessment of rates of bone loss over life at the distal radius, distal tibia, and lumbar spine. Cortical bone loss began in perimenopause in women and later in life in men. In contrast, trabecular bone loss began in young adulthood in both sexes.
Reinforcing effects of carbon nanotubes in structural aluminum matrix nanocomposites

The reinforcing effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are investigated for aluminum matrix composites. The composites present a strong bonding between CNTs and the aluminum matrix using a controlled mechanical milling process, producing a network structure of aluminum atoms around CNTs. At the same time, CNTs that are dispersed during the milling process can be located inside aluminum powders, thereby providing an easy consolidation route via thermomechanical processes. A composite containing 4.5 vol% multiwalled CNTs exhibits a yield strength of 620 MPa and fracture toughness of 61 MPa·mm^1/2, the values of which are nearly 15 and seven times higher than those of the corresponding starting aluminum, respectively.
Whole Transcriptome Profiling Identifies CD93 and Other Plasma Cell Survival Factor Genes Associated with Measles-Specific Antibody Response after Vaccination

Background There are insufficient system-wide transcriptomic (or other) data that help explain the observed inter-individual variability in antibody titers after measles vaccination in otherwise healthy individuals. Methods We performed a transcriptome(mRNA-Seq)-profiling study after in vitro viral stimulation of PBMCs from 30 measles vaccine recipients, selected from a cohort of 764 schoolchildren, based on the highest and lowest antibody titers. We used regression and network biology modeling to define markers associated with neutralizing antibody response. Results We identified 39 differentially expressed genes that demonstrate significant differences between the high and low antibody responder groups (p-value≤0.0002, q-value≤0.092), including the top gene CD93 (p<1.0E-13, q<1.0E-09), encoding a receptor required for antigen-driven B-cell differentiation, maintenance of immunoglobulin production and preservation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Network biology modeling highlighted plasma cell survival (CD93, IL6, CXCL12), chemokine/cytokine activity and cell-cell communication/adhesion/migration as biological processes associated with the observed differential response in the two responder groups. Conclusion We identified genes and pathways that explain in part, and are associated with, neutralizing antibody titers after measles vaccination. This new knowledge could assist in the identification of biomarkers and predictive signatures of protective immunity that may be useful in the design of new vaccine candidates and in clinical studies.
Fast and Accurate Ground Truth Generation for Skew-Tolerance Evaluation of Page Segmentation Algorithms

Many image segmentation algorithms are known, but often there is an inherent obstacle in the unbiased evaluation of segmentation quality: the absence or lack of a common objective representation for segmentation results. Such a representation, known as the ground truth, is a description of what one should obtain as the result of ideal segmentation, independently of the segmentation algorithm used. The creation of ground truth is a laborious process and therefore any degree of automation is always welcome. Document image analysis is one of the areas where ground truths are employed. In this paper, we describe an automated tool called GROTTO intended to generate ground truths for skewed document images, which can be used for the performance evaluation of page segmentation algorithms. Some of these algorithms are claimed to be insensitive to skew (tilt of text lines). However, this fact is usually supported only by a visual comparison of what one obtains and what one should obtain since ground truths are mostly available for upright images, that is, those without skew. As a result, the evaluation is both subjective; that is, prone to errors, and tedious. Our tool allows users to quickly and easily produce many sufficiently accurate ground truths that can be employed in practice and therefore it facilitates automatic performance evaluation. The main idea is to utilize the ground truths available for upright images and the concept of the representative square [9] in order to produce the ground truths for skewed images. The usefulness of our tool is demonstrated through a number of experiments with real-document images of complex layout.
Persistent Thalamic Sound Processing Despite Profound Cochlear Denervation

Neurons at higher stages of sensory processing can partially compensate for a sudden drop in peripheral input through a homeostatic plasticity process that increases the gain on weak afferent inputs. Even after a profound unilateral auditory neuropathy where >95% of afferent synapses between auditory nerve fibers and inner hair cells have been eliminated with ouabain, central gain can restore cortical processing and perceptual detection of basic sounds delivered to the denervated ear. In this model of profound auditory neuropathy, auditory cortex (ACtx) processing and perception recover despite the absence of an auditory brainstem response (ABR) or brainstem acoustic reflexes, and only a partial recovery of sound processing at the level of the inferior colliculus (IC), an auditory midbrain nucleus. In this study, we induced a profound cochlear neuropathy with ouabain and asked whether central gain enabled a compensatory plasticity in the auditory thalamus comparable to the full recovery of function previously observed in the ACtx, the partial recovery observed in the IC, or something different entirely. Unilateral ouabain treatment in adult mice effectively eliminated the ABR, yet robust sound-evoked activity persisted in a minority of units recorded from the contralateral medial geniculate body (MGB) of awake mice. Sound driven MGB units could decode moderate and high-intensity sounds with accuracies comparable to sham-treated control mice, but low-intensity classification was near chance. Pure tone receptive fields and synchronization to broadband pulse trains also persisted, albeit with significantly reduced quality and precision, respectively. MGB decoding of temporally modulated pulse trains and speech tokens were both greatly impaired in ouabain-treated mice. Taken together, the absence of an ABR belied a persistent auditory processing at the level of the MGB that was likely enabled through increased central gain. Compensatory plasticity at the level of the auditory thalamus was less robust overall than previous observations in cortex or midbrain. Hierarchical differences in compensatory plasticity following sensorineural hearing loss may reflect differences in GABA circuit organization within the MGB, as compared to the ACtx or IC.
On-Chip Rat-Race Balun with Stubs for Matching Arbitrary Terminal Impedances

An on-chip balun is useful in millimeter-wave integrated circuits. However, conventional baluns are unsuitable for the on-chip application because the terminal impedance is generally standardized by 50 Omega, which is not necessarily applies on a chip. Thus, we propose a novel on-chip rat-race balun with stubs for matching arbitrary terminal impedances. The on-chip balun with stubs is designed by applying the optimization method of two-port filters, and the characteristic of the balun is verified by a three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation.
Extract Phase GDL Game Description Game Visualization Game concepts boards , peices , board graph , mobility Render Phase

In general game playing [5], game rules are communicated at runtime, and the players must be able to read and understand the descriptions they are given in order to play legally and effectively. Unlike specialized game players, such as Deep Blue, general game players cannot rely on algorithms designed in advance for specific games. General game playing expertise depends on intelligence on the part of the game player and not merely intelligence of the programmer of the game player. In general game playing, games are defined in a formal language known as Game Description Language (GDL), which is similar to the logic programming languages PROLOG and Datalog. At runtime, the GDL description of a game is communicated to the game players. Since general game players are primarily computer programs which are adept at reading GDL description of games and playing them effectively, the general game playing community has not placed much emphasis on the game visualizations. However, recent General Game Playing competitions [4] feature a Carbon versus Silicon contest where a human player plays against the best general game playing program in the competition. Humans, unlike computer programs, need a visual medium to understand, strategize and play games. Hence, human players must be provided with a game visualization in addition to supplying them with the game description in GDL. Currently, the need for a game visualization is being served by game authors having to specify a style sheet [1] along with the game rules. However, the visualization created by an author may not be ideal for a gameplayer. For example, suppose that the game of checkers in its standard visualization with red and black pieces is presented to color-blind people. In this case the game visualization is ineffective since the players cannot distinguish between red and black pieces and cannot, there-
Classifying arguments by scheme

Argumentation schemes are structures or templates for various kinds of arguments. Given the text of an argument with premises and conclusion identified, we classify it as an instance of one of five common schemes, using features specific to each scheme. We achieve accuracies of 63--91% in one-against-others classification and 80--94% in pairwise classification (baseline = 50% in both cases).
A Cyanine Dye Encapsulated Porous Fibrous Mat for Naked-Eye Ammonia Sensing.

Electrospun ultrathin fiber-based sensors are desirable because of their practicality and sensitivity. Ammonia-detection systems are in high demand in different areas, including the industrial and agricultural fields. However, current technologies rely on large and complex instruments that restrict their actual utilization. Herein, we report a flexible naked-eye ammonia sensor, the polylactic acid-cyanine (PLA-Cy) fibrous mat, which was fabricated by blending a carboxyl-functionalized cyanine dye (D1) into electospun PLA porous fibers. The sensing mat was shown to undergo a naked-eye-detectable color change from white to blue upon exposure to ammonia vapor. The mat showed high selectivity to ammonia gas with a detection limit of 3.3 ppm. Aggregated D1 was first encapsulated by PLA and was then ionized by NH3 . These mechanisms were examined by photophysical studies and scanning electron microscopy. The aggregation-deaggregation process of D1 in the PLA-Cy fibrous mat led to the color change. This work provides a facile method for the naked-eye detection of ammonia and a novel strategy for the use of organic dyes in ammonia sensing.
Coordinated data aggregation in wireless sensor networks using the Omega failure detector

We present an algorithm implementing the failure detector class omega (Ω) in the crash-recovery model to coordinate data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. The algorithm ensures the agreement on a common aggregator by all sensors of a region, as well as on a common super-aggregator among the set of aggregators of the network, hence providing a hierarchical energy-efficient data aggregation mechanism. We also introduce a battery depletion threshold to enhance the quality of service of the wireless sensor network
Predicting the Semantic Compositionality of Prefix Verbs

In many applications, replacing a complex word form by its stem can reduce sparsity, revealing connections in the data that would not otherwise be apparent. In this paper, we focus on prefix verbs: verbs formed by adding a prefix to an existing verb stem. A prefix verb is considered compositional if it can be decomposed into a semantically equivalent expression involving its stem. We develop a classifier to predict compositionality via a range of lexical and distributional features, including novel features derived from web-scale N-gram data. Results on a new annotated corpus show that prefix verb compositionality can be predicted with high accuracy. Our system also performs well when trained and tested on conventional morphological segmentations of prefix verbs.