Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FUNDAMENTALISMO RELIGIOSO ENTRE JÓVENES UNIVERSITARIOS DE COSTA RICA: CONSERVADURISMO POLÍTICO Y ESPIRITUALIDAD SIN RELIGIÓN

El presente articulo constituye una aproximacion psicosocial a la cuestion del fundamentalismo religioso, en una muestra de jovenes universitarios. Se analizan el autoritarismo, la confianza en las instituciones, el afecto y la satisfaccion vital, la afiliacion y las practicas religiosas, el nivel de apertura a la busqueda existencial y otras dimensiones. Estas son examinadas en su grado de prediccion del fundamentalismo religioso a partir de analisis estadisticos, los cuales permiten extraer conclusiones sobre configuraciones psicosociales, algunas de las cuales se organizan en torno al genero.
Impact of channel errors in proactive routing protocols

In proactive routing protocols (such as OLSR) nodes flood their neighborhood information to the entire network. Every node then constructs a topology map which represents its view of the network. This map is taken as a basis to compute the “best” path to the destination. Inaccurate topology information may result in one of the following: a) packets may be sent in a path that no longer exists; b) routing loops may be formed when two neighboring nodes have a different view of the network; c) packets may be sent through a longer path. In the latter, packets are still being delivered to the destination, thus inaccurate topology information does not necessarily result in packet delivery failures but in this case in increased stretch. In wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, channel errors originated by poor channel quality or mobility can cause the loss of topology control packets. This may consequently result in nodes having an erroneous and/or inconsistent view of the network topology. In this paper, we first describe the Component Based Routing (CBR) approach to routing protocol design and then focus on the evaluation of the topology dissemination component. We analyze the impact that channel errors and node mobility have on the successful delivery of topology control packets and routing protocol performance. We derive models that allow us evaluate performance for different network sizes and node densities. We evaluate the tradeoffs between accuracy of topology information at any given time, power consumption and overhead for both optimized flooding mechanisms (such as those that are used in OLSR) and non-optimized flooding mechanisms (e.g. flat flooding).
Depression, Anxiety and Self-Image among Children and Adolescents

A group of children and adolescents aged between 11 and 17 years were administered four questionnaires, Offer's Self-Image Questionnaire (OSIQ), Kovacs' Children Depression Inventory (CDI), Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and an inventory of items to assess Parental and Educational Attitudes (IPEA). Step-wise multiple regression revealed that trait anxiety was the most potent predictor of trait depression, together with emotionality, low self-confidence, inferior family relationships (parental tension), mental illhealth and impulsivity. Linear discriminant analysis was conducted to determine which Self-image scales were useful determinants of depression in two extreme depression scoring groups. Personality attributes rather than attitudinal dimensions appeared most highly related to depression, and this was not moderated by ethnicity. Adolescents scoring high on the depression scale further differed in their attitudes towards parents, siblings and school. They were more likely to complain about their relationship to their parents (low family involvement and cohesiveness), and to display low achievement motivation and obediency. A 2 x 2 ANOVA-using groups of anxiety/stable and external/internal respondents generated on the basis of their scores on the DIKJ and AS1 Offer scale-showed that although a main effect was found for anxiety (highly anxious respondents were likely to be more depressed) and externality (externals are more susceptible to depression than internals), a significant anxiety x externality interaction term was found: it was the combination of low self-confidence or externality and trait anxiety which seems to determine trait depression.
Is Hooking Up Bad for Young Women?

“Girls can't be guys in matters of the heart, even though they think they can,” says Laura Sessions Stepp, author of Unhooked: HowYoung Women Pursue Sex, Delay Love, and Lose at Both, published in 2007. In her view, “hooking up”—casual sexual activity ranging from kissing to intercourse—places women at risk of “low self-esteem, depression, alcoholism, and eating disorders. ” Stepp is only one of half a dozen journalists currently engaged in the business of detailing the dangers of casual sex.
Controversial Issues: Identifying the Concerns and Priorities of Student Teachers

The theoretical framework of this article considers the significant place of education in the socialisation and enculturation of children. This requires that student teachers develop critical pedagogies as a means of promoting equity, pupil voice and democratic structures in schools. Key to this is Cole's concept of ‘isms' and ‘phobias’, and the need to prepare student teachers to address them, and to evaluate both formal and hidden curricula. This article outlines the findings of a small-scale study that explored student teachers' views on elements of issues-based education, the content of their training courses, and their personal priorities and apprehensions. It involved student teachers in eight universities in England during 2008–09. This article outlines the full range of responses to the survey and students' reasons for their priorities. The findings provide a context for providers of initial teacher education to consider the content and focus of their programmes.
Location discovery for sensor networks with short range beacons

In this paper, we present TPSS, a time-based positioning scheme for sensor networks with short-range beacons. By measuring Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) of signals from nearby beacons, nodes can use TPSS to effectively estimate their locations through trilateration iteratively. We also propose iTPSS as an enhancement to improve the localisation accuracy by a clustering-based position refinement. Extensive simulations have been conducted and the results indicate that both schemes are effective and efficient for location discovery, and iTPSS outperforms TPSS in positioning accuracy.
Higher in status, (Even) better-than-average

In 5 studies (total N = 1357) conducted online using Amazon's MTurk the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and the better-than-average effect (BTAE) was tested. Across the studies subjective measures of SES were positively correlated with magnitude of BTAE. Effects of objective measures (income and education) were weaker and less consistent. Measures of childhood SES (both objective and subjective) were positively correlated with BTAE magnitude, though less strongly and less consistently than measures of current subjective SES. Meta-analysis revealed all measures of chronic SES (with the exception of education) were significantly correlated with BTAE. However, manipulations of SES in terms of subjective status (Study 2), power (Study 3), and dominance (Study 4) did not have strong effects on BTAE magnitude (d's ranging from −0.04 to −0.14). Taken together the results suggest that chronic, but not temporary, status may be linked with a stronger tendency to overestimate one's abilities and positive traits.
Multi-Output Regularized Feature Projection

Dimensionality reduction by feature projection is widely used in pattern recognition, information retrieval, and statistics. When there are some outputs available (e.g., regression values or classification results), it is often beneficial to consider supervised projection, which is based not only on the inputs, but also on the target values. While this applies to a single-output setting, we are more interested in applications with multiple outputs, where several tasks need to be learned simultaneously. In this paper, we introduce a novel projection approach called multi-output regularized feature projection (MORP), which preserves the information of input features and, meanwhile, captures the correlations between inputs/outputs and (if applicable) between multiple outputs. This is done by introducing a latent variable model on the joint input-output space and minimizing the reconstruction errors for both inputs and outputs. It turns out that the mappings can be found by solving a generalized eigenvalue problem and are ready to extend to nonlinear mappings. Prediction accuracy can be greatly improved by using the new features since the structure of outputs is explored. We validate our approach in two applications. In the first setting, we predict users' preferences for a set of paintings. The second is concerned with image and text categorization where each image (or document) may belong to multiple categories. The proposed algorithm produces very encouraging results in both settings
On the equivalence of phase-based methods for the estimation of instantaneous frequency

Estimating the frequency of sinusoidal components is a key problem in many applications, such as in sinusoidal sound modeling, where the estimation has to be done with a low complexity, on short-term spectra. Many estimators have therefore been proposed in the literature. Among these, we focus in this paper on a class known as the “phase-based” estimators. Despite their different theoretical backgrounds, we prove that four of these estimators are equivalent, at least in theory. We also demonstrate that these estimators perform roughly similarly in practice, however small differences remain which are mainly due to numerical properties of the mathematical operators used in their implementations.
Optimizing Features in Active Machine Learning for Complex Qualitative Content Analysis

We propose a semi-automatic approach for content analysis that leverages machine learning (ML) being initially trained on a small set of hand-coded data to perform a first pass in coding, and then have human annotators correct machine annotations in order to produce more examples to retrain the existing model incrementally for better performance. In this “active learning” approach, it is equally important to optimize the creation of the initial ML model given less training data so that the model is able to capture most if not all positive examples, and filter out as many negative examples as possible for human annotators to correct. This paper reports our attempt to optimize the initial ML model through feature exploration in a complex content analysis project that uses a multidimensional coding scheme, and contains codes with sparse positive examples. While different codes respond optimally to different combinations of features, we show that it is possible to create an optimal initial ML model using only a single combination of features for codes with at least 100 positive examples in the gold standard corpus.
Deletion of Porcn in Mice Leads to Multiple Developmental Defects and Models Human Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (Goltz Syndrome)

Background Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (FDH) is a genetic disorder characterized by developmental defects in skin, skeleton and ectodermal appendages. FDH is caused by dominant loss-of-function mutations in X-linked PORCN. PORCN orthologues in Drosophila and mice encode endoplasmic reticulum proteins required for secretion and function of Wnt proteins. Wnt proteins play important roles in embryo development, tissue homeostasis and stem cell maintenance. Since features of FDH overlap with those seen in mouse Wnt pathway mutants, FDH likely results from defective Wnt signaling but molecular mechanisms by which inactivation of PORCN affects Wnt signaling and manifestations of FDH remain to be elucidated. Results We introduced intronic loxP sites and a neomycin gene in the mouse Porcn locus for conditional inactivation. Porcn-ex3-7flox mice have no apparent developmental defects, but chimeric mice retaining the neomycin gene (Porcn-ex3-7Neo-flox) have limb, skin, and urogenital abnormalities. Conditional Porcn inactivation by EIIa-driven or Hprt-driven Cre recombinase results in increased early embryonic lethality. Mesenchyme-specific Prx-Cre-driven inactivation of Porcn produces FDH-like limb defects, while ectodermal Krt14-Cre-driven inactivation produces thin skin, alopecia, and abnormal dentition. Furthermore, cell-based assays confirm that human PORCN mutations reduce WNT3A secretion. Conclusions These data indicate that Porcn inactivation in the mouse produces a model for human FDH and that phenotypic features result from defective WNT signaling in ectodermal- and mesenchymal-derived structures.
An Adaptive Interconnected Observer for Sensorless Control of PM Synchronous Motors With Online Parameter Identification

This paper proposes an adaptive interconnected observer for sensorless control of a synchronous motor. The corresponding observer is used to estimate the rotor speed, the rotor position, and the load torque and, moreover, to estimate the stator inductance and the stator resistance. The convergence of the observer estimation error is analyzed, and sufficient conditions are given to prove the practical stability. Experimental results are shown to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Relationship of Young Children's Motor Skills to Later School Achievement

This study examined empirical evidence about the relationship between motor skills at the beginning of kindergarten and reading and mathematics achievement at the end of first grade, using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten cohort national dataset (N = 12,583). Results of hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that early kindergarten motor skills, especially visual motor skills, add a small but unique amount of variance to achievement in reading and mathematics at the end of first grade even after controlling for Âinitial skills and demographic information. Furthermore, ÂReceiver-Operating-Characteristic curve analyses showed that information from visual motor skills is useful in identifying children at risk for academic underachievement. The results suggest the importance of the role that motor skills can play in designing and implementing an early school achievement battery.
Socioeconomic Status and Beliefs about God's Influence in Everyday Life

This study examines the differences in beliefs about God’s influence in everyday life across levels of socioeconomic status (SES) and whether that association is contingent upon religious involvement (i.e., frequency of praying, attendance, reading religious texts, and subjective religiosity). I focus specifically on the beliefs in divine involvement and divine control. Using data from two national 2005 surveys of Americans, I observe the following: (1) overall, SES is associated negatively with beliefs in divine involvement and control; (2) with the exception of reading religious texts, each indicator of religious involvement is associated with higher levels of beliefs in divine involvement or divine control; (3) SES interacts with each dimension of religious involvement such that the negative association between SES and divine involvement or control is attenuated at higher levels of religious involvement. I discuss the contributions of this research for theoretical perspectives on the relationship between SES and beliefs about God’s influence in everyday life, underscoring the need to assess religious involvement in these processes.
The Development of School Leadership Preparation Programmes in England and the USA

Formal school leadership training in the USA has its origins in the 19th century when the first university programmes were developed. Since that time the academic community has played a central role in the preparation of school principals and superintendents; Murphy has suggested that other nations might avoid ‘pitfalls’ by analysing this historically and intellectually extensive experience. In contrast, systematic school leadership training in England is a contemporary phenomenon; its origins are to be found in the pioneering work of university academics in the 1960s and 1970s but, more recently, central government has introduced national programmes which have threatened to arrogate the training of headteachers. Whereas university education departments in the United States enjoy a sophisticated inter-relationship with state andfederal government, the English educational system faces the dangers posed by the development of two potentially competing paradigms of school leadership development, one university-based and ‘academic’, the other national and based on an adapted ‘competency’ model. This article outlines the historical development of school leadership training in the USAand England, examines parallels between the two experiences and attempts to elicit lessons for both nations.
Doughnut Effect in Wireless Sensor Network and its Solution

The sensor nodes in a network are connected to the outer world via a base station. Base stations (BS) have some back up power and it is not suppose to fail due to shortage of battery power. The nodes which are away from the base station communicate to it via the nodes which are in proximity of BS. Thus the nodes which are nearer to BS have additional communication responsibilities of forwarding data of distant nodes. Thus the nodes which are in proximity of BS will run out of battery very soon and create bottleneck for communication. In this paper we have proposed that if the density of sensor nodes increases as we move towards base station this effect can be minimized. We found the exact density of the sensor nodes at a particular distance from BS to avoid bottleneck phenomenon around it. We have considered the real life scenario (i) sensor nodes are dropped from the aeroplane with possible error in its position from predetermined coordinates and (ii) nodes generates data only when there is an event of interest with a given probability of occurrence. The main contribution of this paper with our proposed strategy is lifetime offered per unit cost of deployment is almost double
The Dual Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Relationships to Research Productivity and Career Outcomes in Academe

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has been shown to be important for organizational effectiveness, yet less is known about the relationship between OCB and objective outcomes for individuals. We investigate the relationship between OCB and both short-term and longer term outcomes within the context of an outcome-based reward system. We also investigate a type of OCB specific to professional occupations, namely, professional service OCB. Using resource allocation and social exchange theories, we hypothesize that OCB directed internally to the employing organization may have a negative impact on individuals’ productivity and career outcomes while engaging in professional service OCB would be positively related to these outcomes. Results from a survey of 622 faculty members in research universities provide support for these hypotheses. Future research directions are discussed.
Preliminary study of two antiviral agents for hepatitis C genotype 1.

BACKGROUND Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who have not had a response to therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin may benefit from the addition of multiple direct-acting antiviral agents to their treatment regimen. METHODS This open-label, phase 2a study included an exploratory cohort of 21 patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection who had not had a response to previous therapy (i.e., had not had ≥2 log(10) decline in HCV RNA after ≥12 weeks of treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin). We randomly assigned patients to receive the NS5A replication complex inhibitor daclatasvir (60 mg once daily) and the NS3 protease inhibitor asunaprevir (600 mg twice daily) alone (group A, 11 patients) or in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin (group B, 10 patients) for 24 weeks. The primary end point was the percentage of patients with a sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of the treatment period. RESULTS A total of 4 patients in group A (36%; 2 of 9 with HCV genotype 1a and 2 of 2 with genotype 1b) had a sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment and also at 24 weeks after treatment. Six patients (all with HCV genotype 1a) had viral breakthrough while receiving therapy, and resistance mutations to both antiviral agents were found in all cases; 1 patient had a viral response at the end of treatment but had a relapse after the treatment period. All 10 patients in group B had a sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment, and 9 had a sustained virologic response at 24 weeks after treatment. Diarrhea was the most common adverse event in both groups. Six patients had transient elevations of alanine aminotransferase levels to more than 3 times the upper limit of the normal range. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study involving patients with HCV genotype 1 infection who had not had a response to prior therapy showed that a sustained virologic response can be achieved with two direct-acting antiviral agents only. In addition, a high rate of sustained virologic response was achieved when the two direct-acting antiviral agents were combined with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01012895.).
A novel practical trocar placement technique for extraperitoneal laparoscopic and robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in patients with lower midline abdominal incisions.

OBJECTIVE To describe a novel practical technique for trocar placement in extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (eLRP) and robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (eRALP) in patients who had lower midline abdominal incisions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Between March 1999 and November 2013, 3080 LRPs were performed in our department. In total, 1745 eLRPs and 416 eRALPs were enrolled in the study. Group 1 consisted of 57 cases (45 eLRPs and 12 eRALPs) with median lower incision scars after previous abdominal surgery. Group 2 consisted of the same numbers of patients without previous surgeries after matched-pair analyses was performed according to body mass index, age, and operation style. Demographic, perioperative, and postoperative data were recorded. Additionally, we described our novel practical trocar replacement technique for extraperitoneal approach. Statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS Mean age was 65.6±6.2 years. Mean follow-up was 102.9±24.5 months. There were 12 eRALPs and 45 eLRPs in each group. Demographic, perioperative, and postoperative data were similar in the two groups except for trocar placement time. The trocar placement time was longer in Group 1 than in Group 2 (P<.001). In all patients with previous abdominal surgery with lower abdominal incision scars, we were able to establish trocar placement and correct access to the extraperitoneal space. Moreover, we had no conversions or complications in any patient. CONCLUSIONS Our technique seems safe and practical for trocar placements for eLRP and eRALP in patients with lower abdominal incision scars.
How Much Curriculum Change Is Appropriate? Defining a Zone of Feasible Innovation.

The article grapples with the question of how much curriculum change is appropriate in a given context and in a given time frame. How can a balance be struck between stagnation, on the one hand, and the promotion of unrealistic innovation on the other? In answer to this dilemma, the concept of a zone of feasible innovation (ZFI) is proposed and explored, drawing on the literature of school development, teacher professional development, and of developmental psychology, the work of Vygotsky in particular. A series of procedures are suggested to help define the nature and scope of a ZFI in any given situation. Finally, vignettes from case studies of innovation in science education are evoked to provide real-life counterpoints to the theoretical constructs of the literature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed, 91:439–460, 2007