Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Model for Detection of Changes in the Drinking Behaviour of Young Pigs

This contribution describes a method for monitoring the condition of young pigs by measuring their water intake. Water flow-meters and micro computers have been installed in 4 production units for young pigs, located on 3 different farms in Denmark. Water consumption data was aggregated into 1 hour intervals. The pigs showed a very stabile diurnal drinking pattern as long as they were healthy whereas the pattern often changed when the pigs were affected by a disease. A method using a state-space model in conjunction with a Cusum control chart is presented as a tool for on-line monitoring of young pigs, based on their water consumption. By an example it is shown that an outbreak of a disease (diarrhoea) can be detected by the monitoring method approx. one day before physical signs are seen on the pigs.
Species Co-Occurrence Patterns among Lyme Borreliosis Pathogens in the Tick Vector Ixodes ricinus

ABSTRACT Mixed infections have important consequences for the ecology and evolution of host-parasite interactions. In vector-borne diseases, interactions between pathogens occur in both the vertebrate host and the arthropod vector. Spirochete bacteria belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies complex are transmitted by Ixodes ticks and cause Lyme borreliosis in humans. In Europe, there is a high diversity of Borrelia pathogens, and the main tick vector, Ixodes ricinus, is often infected with multiple Borrelia genospecies. In the present study, we characterized the pairwise interactions between five B. burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies in a large data set of I. ricinus ticks collected from the same field site in Switzerland. We measured two types of pairwise interactions: (i) co-occurrence, whether double infections occurred more or less often than expected, and (ii) spirochete load additivity, whether the total spirochete load in double infections was greater or less than the sum of the single infections. Mixed infections of Borrelia genospecies specialized on different vertebrate reservoir hosts occurred less frequently than expected (negative co-occurrence) and had joint spirochete loads that were lower than the additive expectation (inhibition). In contrast, mixed infections of genospecies that share the same reservoir hosts were more common than expected (positive co-occurrence) and had joint spirochete loads that were similar to or greater than the additive expectation (facilitation). Our study suggests that the vertebrate host plays an important role in structuring the community of B. burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies inside the tick vector.
Confidence intervals for the maximum entropy spectrum

We present a computationally efficient method of calculating confidence intervals for the maximum entropy (ME) or autoregressive (AR) spectrum, based on new theoretical considerations. The method is consistent with the well-known asymptotic results, and it can be incorporated under certain assumptions into the Levinson-Durbin recursion. The method is also extended to ME wavenumber estimation.
A statistical dictionary-based word alignment algorithm: An unsupervised approach

Malay is categorized as a resource-poor language. Thus, there is limited research on corpus linguistics for Malay. This paper discusses an automated process of applying part-of-speech (POS) tags to Malay words. Conventional tagging works well on static grammatical classes with little ambiguities, as performed in most research on resource-rich languages. However, the grammatical classes of Malay are dynamic, where adjectives can be verbs or adverbs and vice versa. This makes automatic POS tagging of Malay a chaotic and challenging process. There is no labelled data publicly available for Malay while hand-crafted corpora are labour-intensive and time-consuming. Hence, this paper introduces an unsupervised technique to tag Malay terrorism texts as a case study. This is a solution to partially overcome the shortage of annotated resources for Malay and the labour-intensity of a hand-tagged corpus. This approach does not require any labelled training data but involves translation of texts into a resource-rich language, i.e. English, and a dictionary look-up. After comparing the results with human annotators, it is found that the unsupervised technique reaches 76% precision and a 67% recall rate.
Data caching issues in an information retrieval system

Currently, a variety of information retrieval systems are availableto potential users. … While in many cases these systems areaccessed from personal computers, typically no advantage is taken of thecomputing resources of those machines (such as local processing andstorage). In this paper we explore the possibility of using the user'slocal storage capabilities to cache data at the user's site. This wouldimprove the response time of user queries albeit at the cost ofincurring the overhead required in maintaining multiple copies. In orderto reduce this overhead it may be appropriate to allow copies to divergein a controlled fashion. … Thus, we introduce the notion of<? Pub Fmt italic>quasi-copies<? Pub Fmt /italic>, which embodies theideas sketched above. We also define the types of deviations that seemuseful, and discuss the available implementation strategies. <abstrbyl><? Pub Fmt italic>—From the Authors' Abstract<? Pub Fmt /italic></abstrbyl>
Design and Synthesis of New Chacones Substituted with Azide/Triazole Groups and Analysis of Their Cytotoxicity Towards HeLa Cells

A series of new chalcones substituted with azide/triazole groups were designed and synthesized, and their cytotoxic activity was evaluated in vitro against the HeLa cell line. O-Alkylation, Claisen-Schmidt condensation and Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition of azides with terminal alkynes were applied in key steps. Fifteen compounds were tested against HeLa cells. Compound 8c was the most active molecule, with an IC50 value of 13.03 µM, similar to the value of cisplatin (7.37 µM).
Measuring Inconsistency through Minimal Inconsistent Sets

In this paper, we explore the links between measures of inconsistency for a belief base and the minimal inconsistent subsets of that belief base. The minimal inconsistent subsets can be considered as the relevant part of the base to take into account to evaluate the amount of inconsistency. We define a very natural inconsistency value from these minimal inconsistent sets. Then we show that the inconsistency value we obtain is a particular Shapley Inconsistency Value, and we provide a complete axiomatization of this value in terms of five simple and intuitive axioms. Defining this Shapley Inconsistency Value using the notion of minimal inconsistent subsets allows us to look forward to a viable implementation of this value using SAT solvers.
The Future Role of a Molecular Approach to Pulp-Dentinal Regeneration

The ultimate goal of a regenerative pulp treatment strategy is to reconstitute normal tissue continuum at the pulp-dentin border, regulating tissue-specific processes of tertiary dentinogenesis. Experimental investigations in mature teeth have shown that a network of extracellular matrix molecules and growth factors signal tertiary dentinogenesis. Application of dentin matrix components or growth factors in deep dentinal cavities stimulated up-regulation of biosynthetic activity of primary odontoblasts (reactionary dentin formation). Pulp-capping studies with a broad spectrum of biological agents, including growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules, showed formation of osteodentin and/or tertiary dentinogenesis (reparative dentin formation). Promising biologically active substances should be subjected to careful evaluation in well-designed preclinical investigations as well as in long-term clinical trials before their introduction in clinical practice.
Are prototypes and exemplars used in distinct cognitive processes?

Abstract We argue that Machery provides no convincing evidence that prototypes and exemplars are typically used in distinct cognitive processes. This partially undermines the fourth tenet of the Heterogeneity Hypothesis and thus casts doubts on Machery's way of splitting concepts into different kinds. Although Machery may be right that concepts split into different kinds, such kinds may be different from those countenanced by the Heterogeneity Hypothesis.
Putting Culture Under the ‘Spotlight’ Reveals Universal Information Use for Face Recognition

Background Eye movement strategies employed by humans to identify conspecifics are not universal. Westerners predominantly fixate the eyes during face recognition, whereas Easterners more the nose region, yet recognition accuracy is comparable. However, natural fixations do not unequivocally represent information extraction. So the question of whether humans universally use identical facial information to recognize faces remains unresolved. Methodology/Principal Findings We monitored eye movements during face recognition of Western Caucasian (WC) and East Asian (EA) observers with a novel technique in face recognition that parametrically restricts information outside central vision. We used ‘Spotlights’ with Gaussian apertures of 2°, 5° or 8° dynamically centered on observers' fixations. Strikingly, in constrained Spotlight conditions (2° and 5°) observers of both cultures actively fixated the same facial information: the eyes and mouth. When information from both eyes and mouth was simultaneously available when fixating the nose (8°), as expected EA observers shifted their fixations towards this region. Conclusions/Significance Social experience and cultural factors shape the strategies used to extract information from faces, but these results suggest that external forces do not modulate information use. Human beings rely on identical facial information to recognize conspecifics, a universal law that might be dictated by the evolutionary constraints of nature and not nurture.
Altered Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Frontal-Striatal Reward System in Social Anxiety Disorder

We investigated differences in the intrinsic functional brain organization (functional connectivity) of the human reward system between healthy control participants and patients with social anxiety disorder. Functional connectivity was measured in the resting-state via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). 53 patients with social anxiety disorder and 33 healthy control participants underwent a 6-minute resting-state fMRI scan. Functional connectivity of the reward system was analyzed by calculating whole-brain temporal correlations with a bilateral nucleus accumbens seed and a ventromedial prefrontal cortex seed. Patients with social anxiety disorder, relative to the control group, had (1) decreased functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens seed and other regions associated with reward, including ventromedial prefrontal cortex; (2) decreased functional connectivity between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex seed and lateral prefrontal regions, including the anterior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices; and (3) increased functional connectivity between both the nucleus accumbens seed and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex seed with more posterior brain regions, including anterior cingulate cortex. Social anxiety disorder appears to be associated with widespread differences in the functional connectivity of the reward system, including markedly decreased functional connectivity between reward regions and between reward regions and lateral prefrontal cortices, and markedly increased functional connectivity between reward regions and posterior brain regions.
ADVANCED SPECTRAL METHODS FOR CLIMATIC TIME SERIES

The analysis of univariate or multivariate time series provides crucial information to describe, understand, and predict climatic variability. The discovery and implementation of a number of novel methods for extracting useful information from time series has recently revitalized this classical field of study. Considerable progress has also been made in interpreting the information so obtained in terms of dynamical systems theory. In this review we describe the connections between time series analysis and nonlinear dynamics, discuss signal‐to‐noise enhancement, and present some of the novel methods for spectral analysis. The various steps, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, are illustrated by their application to an important climatic time series, the Southern Oscillation Index. This index captures major features of interannual climate variability and is used extensively in its prediction. Regional and global sea surface temperature data sets are used to illustrate multivariate spectral methods. Open questions and further prospects conclude the review.
A Model for the Proteolipid Ring and Bafilomycin/Concanamycin-binding Site in the Vacuolar ATPase of Neurospora crassa*

The vacuolar ATPase has been implicated in a variety of physiological processes in eukaryotic cells. Bafilomycin and concanamycin, highly potent and specific inhibitors of the vacuolar ATPase, have been widely used to investigate the enzyme. Derivatives have been developed as possible therapeutic drugs. We have used random mutagenesis and site-directed mutagenesis to identify 23 residues in the c subunit involved in binding these drugs. We generated a model for the structure of the ring of c subunits in Neurospora crassa by using data from the crystal structure of the homologous subunits of the bacterium Enterococcus hirae (Murata, T., Yamato, I., Kakinuma, Y., Leslie, A. G., and Walker, J. E. (2005) Science 308, 654-659). In the model 10 of the 11 mutation sites that confer the highest degree of resistance are closely clustered. They form a putative drug-binding pocket at the interface between helices 1 and 2 on one c subunit and helix 4 of the adjacent c subunit. The excellent fit of the N. crassa sequence to the E. hirae structure and the degree to which the structural model predicts the clustering of these residues suggest that the folding of the bacterial and eukaryotic polypeptides is very similar.
Zebrafish as a Model System to Study the Physiological Function of Telomeric Protein TPP1

Telomeres are specialized chromatin structures at the end of chromosomes. Telomere dysfunction can lead to chromosomal abnormalities, DNA damage responses, and even cancer. In mammalian cells, a six-protein complex (telosome/shelterin) is assembled on the telomeres through the interactions between various domain structures of the six telomere proteins (POT1, TPP1, TIN2, TRF1, TRF2 and RAP1), and functions in telomere maintenance and protection. Within the telosome, TPP1 interacts directly with POT1 and TIN2 and help to mediate telosome assembly. Mechanisms of telomere regulation have been extensively studied in a variety of model organisms. For example, the physiological roles of telomere-targeted proteins have been assessed in mice through homozygous inactivation. In these cases, early embryonic lethality has prevented further studies of these proteins in embryogenesis and development. As a model system, zebrafish offers unique advantages such as genetic similarities with human, rapid developmental cycles, and ease of manipulation of its embryos. In this report, we detailed the identification of zebrafish homologues of TPP1, POT1, and TIN2, and showed that the domain structures and interactions of these telosome components appeared intact in zebrafish. Importantly, knocking down TPP1 led to multiple abnormalities in zebrafish embryogenesis, including neural death, heart malformation, and caudal defect. And these embryos displayed extensive apoptosis. These results underline the importance of TPP1 in zebrafish embryogenesis, and highlight the feasibility and advantages of investigating the signaling pathways and physiological function of telomere proteins in zebrafish.
Chromosomal organization of the ribosomal RNA genes in the genus Chironomus (Diptera, Chironomidae)

Abstract Chromosomal localization of ribosomal RNA coding genes has been studied by using FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) in 21 species from the genus Chironomus Meigen, 1803. Analysis of the data has shown intra- and interspecific variation in number and location of 5.8S rDNA hybridization sites in 17 species from the subgenus Chironomus and 4 species from the subgenus Camptochironomus Kieffer, 1914. In the majority of studied species the location of rDNA sites coincided with the sites where active NORs (nucleolus organizer regions) were found. The number of hybridization sites in karyotypes of studied chironomids varied from 1 to 6. More than half of the species possessed only one NOR (12 out of 21). Two rDNA hybridization sites were found in karyotypes of five species, three – in two species, and five and six sites – in one species each. NORs were found in all chromosomal arms of species from the subgenus Chironomus with one of them always located on arm G. On the other hand, no hybridization sites were found on arm G in four studied species from the subgenus Camptochironomus. Two species from the subgenus Chironomus – Chironomus balatonicus Devai, Wuelker & Scholl, 1983 and Chironomus “annularius” sensu Strenzke, 1959 – showed intraspecific variability in the number of hybridization signals. Possible mechanisms of origin of variability in number and location of rRNA genes in the karyotypes of species from the genus Chironomus are discussed.
Toward efficient protocol design through protocol profiling and performance assessment: using formal verification in a different context

The most common use of formal verification methods so far has been in identifying whether livelock and/or deadlock situations can occur during protocol execution, process, or system operation. In this work, we aim to show that an additional equally important and useful application of formal verification methods can be in protocol design in terms of performance‐related metrics. This can be achieved by using the methods in a rather different context compared with their traditional use, that is, not only as model checking tools to assess the correctness of a protocol in terms of lack of livelock and deadlock situations but rather as tools capable of building profiles of protocol operations, assessing their performance, and identifying operational patterns and possible bottleneck operations. This process can provide protocol designers with an insight about the protocols’ behavior and guide them toward further optimizations. It can also assist network operators and service providers to assess the protocols’ relative performance and select the most suitable protocol for specific deployment scenarios. We illustrate these principles by showing how formal verification tools can be applied in this protocol profiling and performance assessment context using some existing protocol implementations in mobile and wireless environments as case studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Microscopic Traffic Simulation Model for Transportation Planning in Cyprus

Traffic management has become an issue of big concern in the last few decades. Especially nowadays living in the information age and the networked digital society the issue of traffic management becomes the main problem of computer networks as well. Traffic simulation is an important tool for analyzing and solving the problem of traffic congestion. Further any suggested solutions regarding traffic control and Intelligent Transportation Systems may be tested using traffic simulation prior to their implementation. This paper presents the microscopic simulation model development of a major traffic network of Nicosia, Cyprus. Further, the first steps towards validating the model are illustrated. Finally, this paper demonstrates a wider spectrum of understanding on the principles of traffic flow theory and how a traffic flow simulation model is developed and utilized for transportation planning.
Physics-based tracking of 3D objects in 2D image sequences

We present a new technique for tracking 3D objects in 2D image sequences. We assume that objects are constructed from a class of volumetric part primitives. The models are initially recovered using a qualitative shape recovery process. We subsequently track the objects using local forces computed from image potentials. Therefore we avoid the expensive computation of image features. By integrating measurements from stereo images, 3D positions (as well as other model parameters) of the objects can be continuously updated using an extended Kalman filter. Our model-based approach can handle occlusions in scenes with multiple moving objects by predicting their occurrences. To handle severe or unexpected occlusion we use a feedback mechanism between the quantitative and qualitative shape estimation systems. We demonstrate our technique in experiments involving image sequences from complex motions of objects.
OPTICAL AND NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF THE BLACK HOLE SWIFT J1753.5–0127

We report on a multiwavelength observational campaign of the black hole (BH) X-ray binary Swift J1753.5–0127 that consists of an ESO/X-shooter spectrum supported by contemporaneous Swift/X-ray Telescope+Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) and Australia Telescope Compact Array data. Interstellar medium absorption lines in the X-shooter spectrum allow us to determine E ( B − V ) = 0.45 ± 0.02 ? > along the line of sight to the source. We also report detection of emission signatures of He ii λ 4686 ? > , Hα, and, for the first time, H i λ 10906 ? > and Paβ. The double-peaked morphology of these four lines is typical of the chromosphere of a rotating accretion disk. Nonetheless, the paucity of disk features points toward a low level of irradiation in the system. This is confirmed through spectral energy distribution modeling, and we find that the UVOT+X-shooter continuum mostly stems from the thermal emission of a viscous disk. We speculate that the absence of reprocessing is due to the compactness of an illumination-induced envelope that fails to reflect enough incoming hard X-ray photons back to the outer regions. The disk also marginally contributes to the Compton-dominated X-ray emission and is strongly truncated, with an inner radius about 1000 times larger than the BH's gravitational radius. A near-infrared excess is present, and we associate it with synchrotron radiation from a compact jet. However, the measured X-ray flux is significantly higher than what can be explained by the optically thin synchrotron jet component. We discuss these findings in the framework of the radio-quiet versus X-ray-bright hypothesis, favoring the presence of a residual disk, predicted by evaporation models, that contributes to the X-ray emission without enhancing the radio flux.
Performance study of power system stabilizer of the form of state feedback control with state estimator

This paper proposes a linear state variable feedback (LSVF) control scheme with state estimator as a Power System Stabilizer (PSS). This controller is adopted here because of the fact that it is an output feedback control strategy similar to conventional PSS schemes available in literature. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated on a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system under normal operating conditions. The PSS is designed based on its steady state frequency response by examining system robustness through sensitivity function, gain margin (GM) and phase margin (PM). This paper first employs conventional LEAD controller as PSS. Then the LSVF controller with state estimator is shown to achieve improved time and frequency responses compared to that of conventional LEAD controller due to step change in voltage reference as well as mechanical torque disturbance.