Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community-based Rehabilitation Training after stroke: protocol of a pilot randomised controlled trial (ReTrain)

Introduction The Rehabilitation Training (ReTrain) intervention aims to improve functional mobility, adherence to poststroke exercise guidelines and quality of life for people after stroke. A definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) is required to assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness of ReTrain, which is based on Action for Rehabilitation from Neurological Injury (ARNI). The purpose of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility of such a definitive trial and inform its design. Methods and analysis A 2-group, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled external pilot trial with parallel mixed-methods process evaluation and economic evaluation. 48 participants discharged from clinical rehabilitation despite residual physical disability will be individually randomised 1:1 to ReTrain (25 sessions) or control (exercise advice booklet). Outcome assessment at baseline, 6 and 9 months include Rivermead Mobility Index; Timed Up and Go Test; modified Patient-Specific Functional Scale; 7-day accelerometry; Stroke Self-efficacy Questionnaire, exercise diary, Fatigue Assessment Scale, exercise beliefs and self-efficacy questionnaires, SF-12, EQ-5D-5L, Stroke Quality of Life, Carer Burden Index and Service Receipt Inventory. Feasibility, acceptability and process outcomes include recruitment and retention rates; with measurement burden and trial experiences being explored in qualitative interviews (20 participants, 3 intervention providers). Analyses include descriptive statistics, with 95% CI where appropriate; qualitative themes; intervention fidelity from videos and session checklists; rehearsal of health economic analysis. Ethics and dissemination National Health Service (NHS) National Research Ethics Service approval granted in April 2015; recruitment started in June. Preliminary studies suggested low risk of serious adverse events; however (minor) falls, transitory muscle soreness and high levels of postexercise fatigue are expected. Outputs include pilot data to inform whether to proceed to a definitive RCT and support a funding application; finalised Trainer and Intervention Delivery manuals for multicentre replication of ReTrain; presentations at conferences, public involvement events; internationally recognised peer-reviewed journal publications, open access sources and media releases. Trial registration number NCT02429180; Pre-results.
The WITAS multi-modal dialogue system I

We present the ﬁrst demonstration version of the WITAS dialogue system for multi-modal conversations with autonomous mobile robots, and motivate several innovations currently in development for version II. The human-robot interaction setting is argued to present new challenges for dialogue system en-gineers, in comparison to previous work in dialogue systems under the travel-planning paradigm, in that dialogues must be asynchronous, mixed-initiative, open-ended, and involve a dynamic environment. We approached these general problems in a dialogue interface to the WITAS robot helicopter, or UAV (‘Un-manned Aerial Vehicle’). 1 We present this system and the modelling ideas behind it, and then motivate changes being made for version II of the system, involving more richly structured dialogue states and the use of automated reasoning systems over task, ability, and world-state models. We argue that these sorts of enhancement are vital to the future development of conversational systems.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND LIQUIDITY CONSTRAINTS IN DEPRIVED AREAS: EVIDENCE FROM THE SLUMS OF RIO DE JANEIRO

Several economic models have described the theoretical causes and onsequences of 'credit rationing' and 'under-investment'; one string of this literature shows the long-run effects of initial wealth distribution and entrepreneurial ability on the process of occupational choice and performance, and its consequences on inequality. Surprisingly, there is very little micro-level evidence on the existence and effects of 'credit rationing' in the context of developing countries. This is the contribution of the current paper. Using a survey of 4,553 entrepreneurs in 51 slums in Rio de Janeiro, this paper uses mean and quantile regression estimates to shows the effects of the type of initial capital, credit constraints, and human capital factors on entrepreneurs' performance. The main findings of the the paper are that entrepreneurs that were able to self-finance their business start-up presented earnings 16% greater than entrepreneurs that had to borrow their initial capital. In addition, entrepreneurs that explicitly claimed to be credit constrained performed substantially worse than their observationally identical counterparts, even if they were credit worthy. Both, initial source of funding and liquidity constraint presented greater effects on the highest quantiles. In terms of human capital, the current study shows positive and statistically significant returns for both years of schooling and experience, with higher returns on the lowest quantiles, indicating the potential role of these factors on inequality reduction.
Selection Effects in Entrepreneurship

My work is positioned within an emerging trend in entrepreneurial research which revises prior work by considering the impact of selection effects. Prior research on the individual-level determinants of start-up size, performance, and exit has ignored that individuals select into entrepreneurship and this might seriously bias our understanding of the post-entry process. I'm particularly well positioned to investigate the nature, the extent, and the consequences of these selection effects because I could access extraordinary data on the Swedish population, which allows me to incorporate information on individuals who were at risk but did not enter entrepreneurship. Yet, the overall contribution of my dissertation goes beyond flagging a selection problem and developing a method to cope with it. It comes up with reexamining and even questioning some of the most prominent theoretical explanations to fundamental issues in entrepreneurship, such as the notion of initial size, the liability of smallness, and the interplay between entrepreneurial performance and firm exit.
Hill Climbing-Based Decentralized Job Scheduling on Computational Grids

De-centralized job scheduling is implemented by job migrations between neighboring grid nodes. To optimize node selection of a new-submitted job, the job may be migrated many times. Here, the hill climbing method is used to determine the migration route. Experiments simulate de-centralized job scheduling, including node adjacencies, local scheduling of grid nodes, and grid workload. Compared with k-distributed and auction methods, hill climbing-based scheduling usually can enhance processor utilization, and can reduce bounded slowdown
Potentiating mGluR5 function with a positive allosteric modulator enhances adaptive learning

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) plays important roles in modulating neural activity and plasticity and has been associated with several neuropathological disorders. Previous work has shown that genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of mGluR5 disrupts fear extinction and spatial reversal learning, suggesting that mGluR5 signaling is required for different forms of adaptive learning. Here, we tested whether ADX47273, a selective positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of mGluR5, can enhance adaptive learning in mice. We found that systemic administration of the ADX47273 enhanced reversal learning in the Morris Water Maze, an adaptive task. In addition, we found that ADX47273 had no effect on single-session and multi-session extinction, but administration of ADX47273 after a single retrieval trial enhanced subsequent fear extinction learning. Together these results demonstrate a role for mGluR5 signaling in adaptive learning, and suggest that mGluR5 PAMs represent a viable strategy for treatment of maladaptive learning and for improving behavioral flexibility.
PHL 1092 as a transient extreme X-ray weak quasar

We report a dramatic variability event in the X-ray history of the narrow-line quasar PHL 1092 (z = 0.396). Our latest 2008 XMM-Newton observation reveals a flux drop of ∼200 with respect to the previous observation performed about 4.5 yr earlier, and a drop of ∼135 with respect to its historical flux. Despite the huge X-ray variation, the UV flux remains constant producing a very significant steepening of the optical to X-ray slope αox from −1.56 to −2.44, making PHL 1092 one of the most extreme X-ray weak quasars. The similarity in the soft X-ray spectral shape between the present and previous observations, together with the persistent UV flux and the lack of any dramatic change in the optical spectrum, suggests that an absorption event is not likely to be the origin of the observed variation. If absorption is ruled out, the sudden X-ray weakness of PHL 1092 must be produced by a transient significant weakening or disruption of the X-ray emitting corona.
Years of Global Precipitation Estimates Completed — A Major Milestone in Creating Long-Term Observational Data Sets for the Water and Energy Cycle

Highlights of the 6th International GEWEX Science Conference and Joint GEWEX/iLEAPS Sessions Melbourne, Australia, 24–28 August 2009 See page 11 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Version 2.1 precipitation climatology, 1979–2008, in mm/day. This combination of satellite estimates based on infrared, microwave, and sounding data, together with gauge analyses, yields a global average of 2.68 mm/day.
Domestic Violence and Child Mortality

We examine the effect of domestic violence on mortality of children born to female victims using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data across thirty two different developing countries. We start by examining associations between interpersonal violence and child mortality while controlling for potential confounds. We find that children of (ever) victimized mothers are 0.4 pp more likely to die within thirty days, 0.7 pp more likely to die within a year and 1.1 pp more likely to die within the first five years of being born in comparison with children born to mothers who never experienced violence. We find similar patterns when examining the effect of violence taking place in the last twelve months on female victims and their children. Our results are similar when we use matching methods. We also examine the causal effect of violence on child mortality using an instrumental variables strategy. Exploiting variation in domestic violence and marital rape laws across countries and over time, we find that laws that criminalize violence against women and/or marital rape lower its incidence. Using this as an exogenous source of variation in domestic violence, we find that children born within the last twelve months to female victims were 3.7 pp more likely to die in the first thirty days of life. Our results indicate significant externalities to violence against women and underline the importance of recent efforts to tackle this violence in developing countries.
Clinical Profile and Comorbidity of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder among Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Observation in Bangladesh

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common disorder characterised by persistent and unwanted intrusive thoughts, images, and urges and repetitive behaviours or mental acts and can cause pervasive impairments. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of OCD among children is 2% which is higher than in previous reporting. This study was aimed at looking into the type, frequency, and severity of symptoms of OCD and comorbidity among children and adolescents. A consecutive 60 OCD cases from a child mental health service with age range of 5–18 years were recruited and divided into below and above 12 years of age group. The assessment was carried out using standardized Bangla version of Development and Wellbeing Assessment and Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was administered. Of the obsession, contamination was the highest followed by doubt, and of the compulsion, washing/cleaning was the highest followed by checking, repeating, and ordering rituals. More than half of the subjects had severe OCD and comorbidity was present in 58% subjects. Specific phobia, social phobia, major depressive disorder, and tic disorder were more prevalent. These symptoms and comorbidity profile can serve the baseline data for a country like Bangladesh and further large scale study would better generalize the study results.
An AODV-Based Backup Routing Mechanism for Time-Critical in Wireless Mesh Networks

The wireless network technology is fast growing in recent years, make the mobile network equipment very general. So the transmission quality is more and more important. But the environmental change of the network is fast, the route may blocked and the route discover will be resumed. The common routing Protocol is AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing) in IEEE802.11. Because route discover uses the broadcast protocol, the broadcast storm will happen in this. Cause the resources of the network to waste, contention fierceness and package collision among the nodes. If take place when the multimedia data transmission, service quality will drop seriously. In order to improve this, the paper proposes utilizing the node and its neighbor node to be set up Alternate Path. Make the data resume transmitting immediately, avoid the route discover then improve the service quality.
Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing (Anammox) Bacteria and Associated Activity in Fixed-Film Biofilters of a Marine Recirculating Aquaculture System

ABSTRACT Microbial communities in the biological filter and waste sludge compartments of a marine recirculating aquaculture system were examined to determine the presence and activity of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria. Community DNA was extracted from aerobic and anaerobic fixed-film biofilters and the anaerobic sludge waste collection tank and was analyzed by amplifying 16S rRNA genes by PCR using anammox-selective and universal GC-clamped primers. Separation of amplified PCR products by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing of the different phylotypes revealed a diverse biofilter microbial community. While Planctomycetales were found in all three communities, the anaerobic denitrifying biofilters contained one clone that exhibited high levels of sequence similarity to known anammox bacteria. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies using an anammox-specific probe confirmed the presence of anammox Planctomycetales in the microbial biofilm from the denitrifying biofilters, and anammox activity was observed in these biofilters, as detected by the ability to simultaneously consume ammonia and nitrite. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of anammox-related sequences in a marine recirculating aquaculture filtration system, and our findings provide a foundation for incorporating this important pathway for complete nitrogen removal in such systems.
How Much of the Sediment in Gale Crater's Central Mound Was Fluvially Transported?

The origin of the sedimentary mound within Gale crater, the landing site for the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity, remains enigmatic. Here we examine the total potential contribution of fluvial material by conducting a volume‐based analysis. On the basis of these results, the mound can be divided into three zones: lower, intermediate, and upper zones. The top boundary of the lowermost zone is defined by maximal contribution of water‐lain sediments, which are ~13% to 20% of the total mound volume. The upper zone is defined by the elevation of the unbreached rim to the north (–2.46 km); sediments above this elevation cannot have been emplaced by flowing water. These volume balance calculations indicate that mechanisms other than flowing water are required to account for the overwhelming majority of the sediments transported into Gale crater. The most likely candidate process is settling from eolian suspension.
3D Visualization in IT Systems Used for Post Stroke Recovery: Rehabilitation Based on Virtual Reality

In the last decade Virtual Reality proved to be an efficient alternative for the traditional rehabilitation method for stroke survivors, which is based mainly on kinesiotherapy. A high number of IT systems that are focusing on post stroke recovery are available at this moment. This paper contains a short description of two solutions available on the market followed by the technical details of a new idea. The solutions are analyzed, looking at their strong points, areas of improvement and common characteristics. The analysis is based not only on the design of the virtual environment and applicability in rehabilitation and is also based on the dependent libraries regarding their usability, scalability and extensibility. The principles behind the methods used for 3D visualization of the virtual reality environments, in neuromotor rehabilitation, can advance in design and implementation for creating effective solutions to help the post stroke survivors in their rehabilitation process.
Lying-pose detection with training dataset expansion

We propose a rotation and scale invariant method to locate people lying on the ground. Unlike conventional human-shape detection methods which assume that all human shapes are in upright position, a person lying on the ground can have arbitrary orientation and pose. Accounting for every possible body configuration would thus require a huge training dataset that would be challenging to gather. In this paper, we propose a method which increases the size of a small training dataset and allows to detect multiple body poses. To do so, our method increases the size of the dataset with a geometric distortion method followed by a rejection sampling method. Then, it automatically identifies K body configurations in the training set, realign it in upright position and trains K SVM classifiers, one for each body configuration. Lying pose detection is then performed by considering a max pooling strategy across all K SVM classifiers.
ChADD: An ADD Based Chisel Compiler with Reduced Syntactic Variance

The need for quick design space exploration and higher abstracted features required to design complex circuits has led designers to adopt High Level Synthesis languages (HLS) for hardware generation. Chisel is one such language, which offers majority of the abstraction facilities found in today's software languages and also guarantees synthesizability of the generated hardware. However, most of the HLS languages, including Chisel, suffer from syntactic variance and thus the hardware inferred by these languages are inconsistent and rely heavily on the description styles used by the designer. Thus semantically equivalent circuit descriptions with different syntax can lead to different hardware utilization. In this paper, we propose the use of ADDs (Assignment Decision Diagrams) as an intermediate representation between Chisel and the target net list representation. Following this path we have shown that for a given design, two different styles of Chisel implementations yield the same target net list, thereby ensuring syntactic invariance. For the same design implementations the conventional Chisel compiler reports significant syntactic variance. In addition, we show empirically that the net list generated by the proposed technique is equally competitive to the most optimal net list generated by the conventional compiler while targeting an FPGA, implying that different implementations leads to close to optimal solutions.
An autoethnographic analysis of school leadership in an alternative education environment

v Chapter I: Introduction and Problem Statement . 1 Purpose of Study.6 Research Questions.8 Significance of the Study.9 Chapter II: Leadership Platform . 12 Personal Experiences . 13 Parental Leadership.17 First Professional Experience . 19 Espoused Leadership . 24 Transactional Leadership . 24 Transformational Leadership . 27 Servant Leadership . 31 Social Justice Leadership.34 Conclusion . 38 Chapter III: Literature Review.39 Alternative Educational Environments . 39 Dropout and Retention.43 Ethnicity and Gender and its Impact on Dropout . 45 Dropout Prevention.47
Design and implementation of a debugging system for OpenRISC processor

A gdb-based debugging system for OpenRISC1200 Processor based on IEEE1149.1 JTAG interface is developed. Unlike usual gdb-based embedded debugging systems, this system uses the hardware debugging modules in OpenRISC1200 Processor to extend GDB. Its debugging agent doesnpsilat work on the target but on the host computer, so it can work well without any target operating system support. In this paper, the systempsilas general frame design and realization of the main modules are explained in detail. It is verified by both FPGA prototype emulation and software simulation. It establishes a good foundation for further development on OpenRISC.
Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Participation of Energy- and Stress-Related Proteins in the Response of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E to Toluene

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E is tolerant to toluene and other toxic hydrocarbons through extrusion of the toxic compounds from the cell by means of three efflux pumps, TtgABC, TtgDEF, and TtgGHI. To identify other cellular factors that allow the growth of P. putida DOT-T1E in the presence of high concentrations of toluene, we performed two-dimensional gel analyses of proteins extracted from cultures grown on glucose in the presence and in the absence of the organic solvent. From a total of 531 spots, 134 proteins were observed to be toluene specific. In the absence of toluene, 525 spots were clearly separated and 117 proteins were only present in this condition. Moreover, 35 proteins were induced by at least twofold in the presence of toluene whereas 26 were repressed by at least twofold under these conditions. We reasoned that proteins that were highly induced could play a role in toluene tolerance. These proteins, identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, were classified into four categories: 1, proteins involved in the catabolism of toluene; 2, proteins involved in the channeling of metabolic intermediates to the Krebs cycle and activation of purine biosynthesis; 3, proteins involved in sugar transport; 4, stress-related proteins. The set of proteins in groups 2 and 3 suggests that the high energy demand required for solvent tolerance is achieved via activation of cell metabolism. The role of chaperones that facilitate the proper folding of newly synthesized proteins under toluene stress conditions was analyzed in further detail. Knockout mutants revealed that CspA, XenA, and Tuf-1 play a role in solvent tolerance in Pseudomonas, although this role is probably not specific to toluene, as indicated by the fact that all mutants grew more slowly than the wild type without toluene.
Cloud Microphysical and Radiative Properties Measured by Combined Lidar , Radar , and Infrared Radiometer

One of the four IDP tasks is to characterize cloud signatures obtained by CO2 lidar. For instance, our earlier work discovered that depolarization from ice particles was almost always very small (Eberhard 1992). Hence, the polarization technique used so successfully by shortwave lidars (Sassen 1991) fails for a CO2 lidar. We also studied the phenomenon of enhanced backscatter from oriented ice crystals when pointed near the zenith (Eberhard 1993b). Our current investigations emphasize the backscatter intensity and vertical Doppler motions.