Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Public Key Certificate Revocation Schemes

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is increasingly popular as the security infrastructure of choice in corporate information systems and Internet applications. In particular, certi cates are used to distribute public keys associated with the identity of its owner. One of the main concerns associated with PKI is that mechanisms for revocation of certi cates are required. Certi cate Revocation is the action of declaring a certi cate invalid before its validity period is at an end. Investigations of PKI have demonstrated that the traditional means of certi cate revocation are the most expensive part of a PKI system. In response to this problem, several di erent schemes and protocols have been suggested to provide more e cient certi cate revocation. This thesis provides a survey and an analysis of existing schemes for public key certi cate revocation. The analysis includes the traditional certi cate revocation lists, protocols that provide on-line certi cate revocation, as well as revocation systems with reduced data structures. Some techniques for improving the existing schemes are also suggested. Based on the analysis, the di erent schemes are compared in order to highlight advantages and disadvantages. A guideline for using this information in selecting a revocation solution is developed and applied to di erent example scenarios. This thesis is intended to provide a comprehensive background in certi cate revocation as a basis for further research and development in the area, as well as a guide for PKI system developers in need of a certi cate revocation system. i Acknowledgments I want to thank Professor Henk Meijer at the Department of Computing and Information Science at Queen's University for supervising the writing of this thesis and providing essential guidance and feedback. Our weekly meetings have proved very bene cial in the progress of this thesis. Also, I thank Steve Lloyd and Mike Just at Entrust Technologies for providing an opportunity to work with representatives from the leading industry in the eld. They have shown high interest in the project, and they have provided valuable feedback based on their experience and insight in both standardization work and implementations. I acknowledge Entrust Technologies and CITO (Communications and Information Technology Ontario) for the nancial support of this project. Finally, I appreciate the assistance of Associate Professor Svein J. Knapskog at the Department of Telematics at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. As my home university supervisor, he has been very helpful in providing help with administrative issues, as well as given general advise on my thesis and its progression. ii
Retail network performance evaluation: a DEA approach considering retailers' geomarketing

Stores develop customized assortments based on localization characteristics. In terms of performance analysis, these changes make it more difficult to analyse store performance. This adjustment procedure entails an internal benchmarking which needs small samples to control regional and assortment effects. This paper explores the influence of competitive environment and store neighbourhood characteristics on store efficiency by using three data envelopment analysis (DEA) models. This research is illustrated by using real data from a French supermarket retail chain at the product category level. It is shown that the two-steps DEA model is a relevant analysis tool to take into account location aspects. It presents a discriminant power strong enough to derive managerial implications with small samples.
Fracture of a Spline of the Femoral Stem in an Ingrown Modular Hip Implant

Introduction Physiologic strain patterns of the femur are altered by the bending stiffness of the implant as well as the loading pattern of the implant itself. The Savish Range of Motion (S-ROM) femoral stem has been designed with flutes (to decrease distal material) and with a coronal slot (to decrease stiffness). Materials The purpose of this case report is to briefly discuss design characteristics of femoral stems and their relationship to thigh pain as well as to describe the only report in the literature of a fracture of the anterior spline of a S-ROM prosthesis at the coronal slot. Results The femoral stem fractured at the coronal slot due to multiple bending moments in a small diameter stem. Conclusions The proximal metaphyseal sleeve remains well fixed and the patient is functioning well without pain nearly a year after the identification of the fracture on routine follow-up.
Differences in forest disturbance among land ownership types in Poland during and after socialism

Forest use can increase substantially during periods of societal change, but it is unclear how harvesting rates differ among different landownership types in such times. Our goal here is to quantify the rates and spatial patterns of forest disturbance in private forests, state forests, and a National Park in the Polish Carpathians before and after the collapse of socialism. We analysed a series of classified Landsat TM images (1988–2000) and a landownership map. Our results showed that disturbance peaked in all ownership types in the immediate transition time. However, disturbance rates in private forests were about five times higher than on public lands. The spatial pattern of disturbances was similar across ownership types, but private forests were more fragmented than state and National Park forests. Our study indicates that institutional strength may determine forest use under different ownership types and highlights the multi-scale, nested control of the drivers of land use change.
Memristive device based learning for navigation in robots

Biomimetic robots have gained attention recently for various applications ranging from resource hunting to search and rescue operations during disasters. Biological species are known to intuitively learn from the environment, gather and process data, and make appropriate decisions. Such sophisticated computing capabilities in robots are difficult to achieve, especially if done in real-time with ultra-low energy consumption. Here, we present a novel memristive device based learning architecture for robots. Two terminal memristive devices with resistive switching of oxide layer are modeled in a crossbar array to develop a neuromorphic platform that can impart active real-time learning capabilities in a robot. This approach is validated by navigating a robot vehicle in an unknown environment with randomly placed obstacles. Further, the proposed scheme is compared with reinforcement learning based algorithms using local and global knowledge of the environment. The simulation as well as experimental results corroborate the validity and potential of the proposed learning scheme for robots. The results also show that our learning scheme approaches an optimal solution for some environment layouts in robot navigation.
Analyzing Sentiments for Generating Opinions (ASGO)-A New Approach

The boom of social media over the web has great impact on individual's and organization's decision making process about certain content. In today's world of business and marketing opinion mining plays a vital role in success of launching a new product and determining which versions of product is popular within customers. To extract the purposeful content from the social web, opinion mining performs an important role. Sentiment analysis is a current topic of research in this present era. This paper depicts a small effort explaining the process, applications and some challenges of opinion mining. In addition to the three basic opinions of sentiment detection i.e. positive neutral and negative this review paper suggests more precise sentiments like exciting, irrelevant and objectionable. Overall the study interprets the initial results of the undergoing master's thesis work of integrating the sentiment and spam detection in one system.
Organizational learning and strategic renewal

This paper attempts to fill an important gap in the integration of strategy and organizational learning through empirical research that examines the process of strategic renewal using a comprehensive framework of organizational learning. The 4I framework of organizational learning is used to examine the phenomenon of strategic renewal at Canada Post Corporation (CPC). The study illustrates the underlying processes that form the tension between exploration and exploitation, demonstrating why strategic renewal is so challenging. Furthermore, it challenges assumptions about organizational learning, suggesting that we need to demystify organizational learning by removing the halo that surrounds it. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using machine translation for converting Python 2 to Python 3 code

In this paper, we have tried to use Statistical machine translation in order to convert Python 2 code to Python 3 code. We use data from two projects and achieve a high BLEU score. We also investigate the cross-project training and testing to analyze the errors so as to ascertain differences with previous case. We have described a pilot study on modeling programming languages as natural language to build translation models on the lines of natural languages. This can be further worked on to translate between versions of a programming language or crossprogramming-languages code translation.
Inter‐relationships among store images, store satisfaction, and store loyalty among Korea discount retail patrons

This study examines how various characteristics of the discount retail environment and the overall attitude towards a discount retail store, considered to be an abstract and global image component, influence consumers’ satisfaction and how consumers’ satisfaction, in turn, affects store loyalty. The data, collected from a sample of 517 discount retail customers in Daegu, Korea, indicate that: (1) forming the overall attitude is more closely related to in‐store services: atmosphere, employee service, after sales service and merchandising, (2) store satisfaction is formed through perceived store atmosphere and value, (3) the overall attitude has strong influence on satisfaction and loyalty and its impact is much stronger on loyalty than on satisfaction, (4) store loyalty is directly affected by most significantly location, merchandising and after sale service in order, (5) satisfaction is not related to customers’ committed store revisiting behavior. The applications in management and implications for future research are discussed.
Narrowing the DYT6 dystonia region and evidence for locus heterogeneity in the Amish–Mennonites

The DYT6 gene for primary torsion dystonia (PTD) was mapped to chromosome 8p21‐q22 in two Amish–Mennonite families who shared a haplotype of marker alleles across a 40 cM linked region. The objective of this study was to narrow the DYT6 region, clinically characterize DYT6 dystonia in a larger cohort, and to determine whether DYT6 is associated with dystonia in newly ascertained multiplex families. We systematically examined familial Amish–Mennonite dystonia cases, identifying five additional members from the original families, as well as three other multiplex Amish–Mennonite families, and evaluated the known DYT6 haplotype and recombination events. One of the three new families carried the shared haplotype, whereas the region was excluded in the two other families, suggesting genetic heterogeneity for PTD in the Amish–Mennonites. Clinical features in the five newly identified DYT6 carriers were similar to those initially described. In contrast, affected individuals from the excluded families had a later age of onset (46.9 years vs. 16.1 years in the DYT6), and the dystonia was both more likely to be of focal distribution and begin in the cervical muscles. Typing of additional markers in the DYT6‐linked families revealed recombinations that now place the gene in a 23 cM region surrounding the centromere. In summary, the DYT6 gene is in a 23 cM region on chromosome 8q21‐22 and does not account for all familial PTD in Amish–Mennonites. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sepsis Chronically in MARS: Systemic Cytokine Responses Are Always Mixed Regardless of the Outcome, Magnitude, or Phase of Sepsis

The paradigm of systemic inflammatory response syndrome-to-compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome transition implies that hyperinflammation triggers acute sepsis mortality, whereas hypoinflammation (release of anti-inflammatory cytokines) in late sepsis induces chronic deaths. However, the exact humoral inflammatory mechanisms attributable to sepsis outcomes remain elusive. In the first part of this study, we characterized the systemic dynamics of the chronic inflammation in dying (DIE) and surviving (SUR) mice suffering from cecal ligation and puncture sepsis (days 6–28). In the second part, we combined the current chronic and previous acute/chronic sepsis data to compare the outcome-dependent inflammatory signatures between these two phases. A composite cytokine score (CCS) was calculated to compare global inflammatory responses. Mice were never sacrificed but were sampled daily (20 μl) for blood. In the first part of the study, parameters from chronic DIE mice were clustered into the 72, 48, and 24 h before death time points and compared with SUR of the same post-cecal ligation and puncture day. Cytokine increases were mixed and never preceded chronic deaths earlier than 48 h (3- to 180-fold increase). CCS demonstrated simultaneous and similar upregulation of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory compartments at 24 h before chronic death (DIE 80- and 50-fold higher versus SUR). In the second part of the study, cytokine ratios across sepsis phases/outcomes indicated steady proinflammatory versus anti-inflammatory balance. CCS showed the inflammatory response in chronic DIE was 5-fold lower than acute DIE mice, but identical to acute SUR. The systemic mixed anti-inflammatory response syndrome-like pattern (concurrent release of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines) occurs irrespective of the sepsis phase, response magnitude, and/or outcome. Although different in magnitude, neither acute nor chronic septic mortality is associated with a predominating proinflammatory and/or anti-inflammatory signature in the blood.
Cutting Edge: Neutrophil Granulocyte Serves as a Vector for Leishmania Entry into Macrophages1

Macrophages (MF) are the final host cells for multiplication of the intracellular parasite Leishmania major (L. major). However, polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN), not MF, are the first leukocytes that migrate to the site of infection and encounter the parasites. Our previous studies indicated that PMN phagocytose but do not kill L. major. Upon infection with Leishmania, apoptosis of human PMN is delayed and takes 2 days to occur. Infected PMN were found to secrete high levels of the chemokine MIP-1β, which attracts MF. In this study, we investigated whether MF can ingest parasite-infected PMN. We observed that MF readily phagocytosed infected apoptotic PMN. Leishmania internalized by this indirect way survived and multiplied in MF. Moreover, ingestion of apoptotic infected PMN resulted in release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β by MF. These data indicate that Leishmania can misuse granulocytes as a “Trojan horse” to enter their final host cells “silently” and unrecognized.
Helicobacter pylori infection‐negative gastric cancer in Japanese hospital patients: Incidence and pathological characteristics

We used Helicobacter pylori sero‐positivity and mucosal atrophy as detected by the serum pepsinogen method to identify H. pylori infection‐negative gastric cancer patients with or without atrophy. One hundred and six of 748 (14.2%) primary gastric cancer patients were infection‐negative by a serum antibody detection system. Further, 121 (16.2%) of the 748 were negative for gastric mucosal atrophy by the pepsinogen method, of whom 15/748 (2.0%) were H. pylori‐negative by pepsinogen I level (>70 ng/mL) and pepsinogen I/II ratio (>3.0). Twenty‐seven of 782 (3.6%) gastric cancer patients were H. pylori‐negative by antibodies and severe atrophy as determined by pepsinogen I level (<30 ng/mL) and pepsinogen I/II ratio (<2.0). H. pylori‐negative gastric cancer patients with severe atrophy likely had a previous infection. These results indicate that the actual number of H. pylori‐negative patients is 2.0% at minimum and 10.6% (14.2% minus 3.6%) at maximum in the general Japanese population. Five of 15 (33%) cases displaying neither anti‐H. pylori antibodies nor atrophy were intestinal‐type and 10 (67%) were diffuse‐type adenocarcinomas. Thirteen surgical patients with primary gastric cancer displaying neither antibodies nor mucosal atrophy were further analyzed for pathological and phenotypic characteristics. The mucin phenotype was divided into four gastric, five gastric and intestinal, two intestinal and two null types, independent of histological classification. Intestinal phenotype elements were detected by Cdx2 immunohistochemical methods in nine of 13 (70%) cases examined. We conclude that a small fraction of gastric cancer patients displayed multifactorial carcinogenesis without H. pylori infection, indicating that gastric cancer risk still exists in the absence of H. pylori infection, at an incidence of 2.0% at minimum and 10.6% at maximum in the general Japanese population. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 790–794)
The Influence Of Perceived Risk On Conumers’ Intention To Buy Online: A Meta-Analysis Of Empirical Results

When buying online consumers fear for the security of their financial data and the privacy of their personal information. These two fears summed up gives researchers the perceived risk of an online transaction. The influence of perceived risk on consumers’ intention to buy online has been studied in various models, ranging from having an insignificant influence to having a strong and direct influence. Faced with these confusing results from previous empirical researches, we wonder why there are such differences among reported results. Is perceived risk a strong predictable of the consumers’ intention to buy online? Should it be considered a significant impact variable when modelling online consumer behaviour? We answer these research questions by conducting a meta-analysis on previous empirical findings. We first conduct a search for academic articles that have included perceived risk in their explanatory and predictive models of online consumer behaviour. The search was carried out using ScienceDirect international database and Google search engine. The selection of articles to be included in the study was based on some defined inclusion criteria. All included models had to be based on an empirical research and had to report the correlation coefficient between perceived risk and intention to buy online. We selected 11independent studies for inclusion in our meta-analysis. We report the findings from the mean effect sizes using a comparison between three methods: simple mean method, sample size-adjusted mean and Fisher r to Z transformation. Both limitations of this analysis and managerial implications are discussed.
An Efficient Protection-Free One-Pot Chemical Synthesis of Modified Nucleoside-5′-Triphosphates

ABSTRACT A simple, reliable, and an efficient “one-pot, three step” chemical method for the synthesis of modified nucleoside triphosphates such as 5-methylcytidine-5′-triphosphate (5-MeCTP), pseudouridine-5′-triphosphate (pseudoUTP) and N1-methylpseudouridine-5′-triphosphate (N1-methylpseudoUTP) starting from the corresponding nucleoside is described. The overall reaction involves the monophosphorylation of nucleoside, followed by the reaction with pyrophosphate and subsequent hydrolysis of the cyclic intermediate to furnish the corresponding NTP in moderate yields with high purity (>99.5%).
The Long-Term Impact of Promotion and Advertising on Consumer Brand Choice

The authors examine the long-term effects of promotion and advertising on consumers’ brand choice behavior. They use 8 1/4 years of panel data for a frequently purchased packaged good to address two questions: (1) Do consumers’ responses to marketing mix variables, such as price, change over a long period of time? (2) If yes, are these changes associated with changes in manufacturers’ advertising and retailers’ promotional policies? Using these results, the authors draw implications for manufacturers’ pricing, advertising, and promotion policies. The authors use a two-stage approach, which permits them to assess the medium-term (quarterly) effects of advertising and promotion as well as their long-term (i.e., over an infinite horizon) effects. Their results are consistent with the hypotheses that consumers become more price and promotion sensitive over time because of reduced advertising and increased promotions.
Audit Quality and Partner Wealth

This paper employs unique and confidential data on audit partners’ wealth and audit related variables for a very large sample of firms in a setting where the auditors’ risk of litigation and loss of reputation is low. We analyze the relationship between audit quality and audit fees at the partner level and test if the strength of this relationship depends on the engagement partners’ private financial position. Overall, we find a negative relationship between audit quality and the fees the engagement partners’ obtain from his or her clients, consistent with partners acquiescing to pressure of clients that are of more economic significance to them. Furthermore, this negative relationship is weaker for rich partners, consistent with partners’ wealth acting as guards against fee dependence. These results are robust to different measures of audit quality and of the economic bonding that fees create between clients and partners. We only find partial evidence that audit quality is adversely affected by the partners’ debt. This paper provides new evidence on how audit quality is associated with the financial position of the engagement partner.
Implied Systematic Moments and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns

Using the risk-neutral volatility and skewness computed from options on the S&P500, we show there is an asymmetric contemporaneous relation between stock returns and changes in implied market volatility and skewness. Changes in expected market volatility and skewness are cross-sectionally priced only when implied market volatility or skewness increases. All stocks have similar returns when implied systematic volatility and/or skewness are decreasing. The economic impact of stocks' sensitivities to changes in expected market skewness is almost twice as much as sensitivities to changes in expected market volatility. These findings highlight the importance of not only implied systematic volatility to investors, but also the sensitivity to changes in implied systematic skewness.
Downsample-based multiple description coding and post-processing of decoding

Multiple description coding is a new coding technique engineered to solve the problems with transmitting video stream on the unreliable networks. In this paper, the author implements the multiple description coding based on the spatial sampling approach, in doing so the mismatching problems commonly found in using multiple description coding is thus avoided. Also realized are two distinctive multiple description decomposition schemes suitable for video images with various texture characteristics. In addition, to improve the multiple description decoder performance, edge dynamic matching interpolation is adopted in decoding for post-processing purpose. The simulation results suggest that the proposed coding methods can be more efficiently applied in video transmission under various network circumstances, and the image SNR is evidently enhanced after the post-processing is completed in decoding process.