Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROBING TOPOLOGICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN HIGH-DENSITY AND LOW-DENSITY REGIONS OF 2MASS WITH HEXAGON CELLS

We introduced a new two-dimensional (2D) hexagon technique for probing the topological structure of the universe in which we mapped regions of the sky with high and low galaxy densities onto a 2D lattice of hexagonal unit cells. We defined filled cells as corresponding to high-density regions and empty cells as corresponding to low-density regions. The numbers of filled cells and empty cells were kept the same by controlling the size of the cells. By analyzing the six sides of each hexagon, we could obtain and compare the statistical topological properties of high-density and low-density regions of the universe in order to have a better understanding of the evolution of the universe. We applied this hexagonal method to Two Micron All Sky Survey data and discovered significant topological differences between the high-density and low-density regions. Both regions had significant (>5σ) topological shifts from both the binomial distribution and the random distribution.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch inhibits p38α signaling and skin inflammation through the ubiquitylation of Tab1

By keeping activation of the kinase p38α in check, the ubiquitin ligase Itch inhibits skin inflammation in mice. Itching to reduce inflammation Activation of the kinase p38 is associated with various inflammatory skin disorders. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 alleviates certain inflammatory conditions, but causes toxicity in others; thus, alternative strategies are required. Theivanthiran et al. studied the role of p38α in mice deficient in the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch, so named because these mice have itchy skin. Compared to skin cells from wild-type mice, those from Itch−/− mice had increased amounts of the p38α-binding protein Tab1 and enhanced activation of p38α. In wild-type skin cells, Tab1 was ubiquitylated by Itch and targeted for degradation. Subcutaneous injection of Itch−/− mice with a cell-permeable peptide that blocked the Tab1-p38α interaction led to decreased skin inflammation, suggesting a potential means to therapeutically target p38α in inflammatory diseases. Deficiency in the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch causes a skin-scratching phenotype in mice. We found that there was increased phosphorylation and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38α in spontaneous and experimentally induced skin lesions of Itch-deficient (Itch−/−) mice. Itch bound directly to the TGF-β–activated kinase 1–binding protein 1 (Tab1) through a conserved PPXY motif and inhibited the activation of p38α. Knockdown of Tab1 by short hairpin RNA attenuated the prolonged p38α phosphorylation exhibited by Itch−/− cells. Similarly, reconstitution of Itch−/− cells with wild-type Itch, but not the ligase-deficient Itch-C830A mutant, inhibited the phosphorylation and activation of p38α. Compared to the skin of wild-type mice, the skin of Itch−/− mice contained increased amounts of the mRNAs of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-11, and IL-19. Inhibition of p38 or blocking the interaction between p38α and Tab1 with a cell-permeable peptide substantially attenuated skin inflammation in Itch−/− mice. These findings provide insight into how Itch-mediated regulatory mechanisms prevent chronic skin inflammation, which could be exploited therapeutically.
A Multi-Response-Based Wireless Impact Monitoring Network for Aircraft Composite Structures

Composite structures may be subjected to internal damages caused by impact events, which can seriously degrade the property of the structures. Hence, impact monitoring is of great importance to ensure the applications of composite, especially in aerospace engineering. This paper puts forward, for the first time, a new multi-response-based wireless sensor network (WSN) to realize the large-scale impact monitoring with the weight and complexity of the monitoring system reduced greatly. A novel multi-response-based global impact localization method that can unite multiple leaf nodes to solve the problems of localization confliction and mid-region localization is proposed for the WSN. Evaluations performed on large-scale complex composite structures have shown the advantages of the presented new methods.
Barriers to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Related Risk Reduction among Male Street Prostitutes

Two hundred eleven male street prostitutes between the ages of 18 and 51 years were interviewed and tested for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Economic, social, and emotional barriers to the reduction of HIV-related risk behavior were examined within the context of several concepts present in the Health Belief Model (HBM). Three lifestyle factors were found to function as barriers to engaging in risk reduction behavior. Subjects who were more economically dependent on prostitution, perceived less control over the hustling encounter, and reported increased pleasure from sexual activity with their customers were more likely to engage in risk-taking behavior. Prostitutes' perception of the severity of HIV infection was not significantly associated with their risk behavior. Unexpected findings indicated that increases in perceived susceptibility to HIV and perceived benefit of condom use for HIV prevention were significantly related to increased risk-taking behavior. Practical applications of findings in the design and implementation of future HIV-related preventive health education programs are discussed.
The Lagrangian theory of polymer solutions at intermediate concentrations

2014 De Gennes has shown that the properties of an isolated polymer in a solution (a chain with excluded volume) can be deduced within the framework of a Lagrangian theory for a zero component field in the absence of an external field. This result in generalized to the case of polymer solutions at intermediate concentrations. It is shown that a grand ensemble of polymers can be described by using a Lagrangian theory for a zero component field coupled to an external field. The concentrations Cp of polymers (chains) and Cm of monomers (links) are fixed by two chemical potentials. It is shown that the osmotic pressure obeys a scaling law of the form (P/KTCp) = F(Cp N303BD) where N is the mean number of monomers per polymer (N = Cp/Cm) and 03BD the critical index defining the size of a long isolated polymer. The function F(03BB) can be expanded in powers of 03BB and it is given implicitly by the generating functional of the zero-momentum vertex functions derived from the Lagrangian theory. The results seem to be in good agreement with experiments. Tome 36 N° 4 AVRIL 1975 Classification Physics Abstracts 1.650 7.480
Wall-modeling in large eddy simulation: Length scales, grid resolution, and accuracy

This paper addresses one of the most persistent errors in wall-modeled large eddy simulation: the inevitable presence of numerical and subgrid modeling errors in the first few grid points off the wall, which leads to the so-called “log-layer mismatch” with its associated 10-15% error in the predicted skin friction. By considering the behavior of turbulence length scales near a wall, the source of these errors is analyzed, and a method that allows for the log-layer mismatch to be removed, thereby yielding accurately predicted skin friction, is proposed.
A New Theoretical Approach to Single-Molecule Fluorescence Optical Studies of RNA Dynamics

Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy in condensed phases has many important chemical and biological applications. The single-molecule fluorescence measurements contain information about conformational dynamics on a vast range of time scales. Based on the data analysis protocols methodology proposed by X. Sunney Xie, the theoretical study here mainly focuses on the single-molecule studies of single RNA with interconversions among different conformational states, to with a single FRET pair attached. We obtain analytical expressions for fluorescence lifetime correlation functions that relate changes in fluorescence lifetime to the distance-dependent FRET mechanism within the context of the Smoluchowski diffusion model. The present work establishes useful guideline for the single-molecule studies of biomolecules to reveal the complicated folding dynamics of single RNA molecules at nanometer scale.
A systematic method of hybrid position/force control of a manipulator

The feasibility of applying robot manipulators to complex handling and assembly problems in indus try and space depends on the ability to control manipulators precisely, even when there are uncertainties and variations in the environment. This can be done by giving a manipulator hand sensors that provide information about the progress of interactions with the environment. A method is presented for controlling both the position of a manipulator and the contact forces generated at the hand. This hybrid controller has the feature of permitting trajectories to be specified in a convenient Cartesian coordinate system, while offering advantages over the existing approximate "free joint" methods. An experimental implementation of the controller was developed and used to control two joints of a modified Scheinman manipulator equipped with a wrist mounted force sensor. Data from this implementation are presented along with the results from a simple simulation.
What constitutes EMIS for sustainability reporting? A classification approach, using a systematic literature review

Due to an extensive amount of environmental impacts by industrial processes, the demand for information about firm’s caused environmental impacts increases by different stakeholder groups. An uprising and sophisticated form of environmental performance information distribution is sustainability reporting (SR), although it is a complex task. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are supposed to support and enable SR, however the adoption and diffusion of specific EMIS for the task of SR is rather low. One reason may be that scholars missed their chance to provide tangible and precise definitions for EMIS as well as features and characteristics of this class of IS. In order to understand and define what really constitutes EMIS for SR, we first use a well-known IS classification pattern to find general features of IS. We then use this classification pattern in a systematic literature review and analyze present knowledge for characteristics of EMIS for SR. The outcome is twofold. First we derive an EMIS for SR specific classification pattern. Second, we point out what is already known about EMIS for SR and which topics should be addressed in further research.
Monitoring the oxidative stability of virgin coconut oil during oven test using chemical indexes and FTIR spectroscopy

This study was conducted to evaluate the oxidative stability of virgin coconut oil (VCO) during oven test. VCO with and without antioxidants were subjected to oven test at 63°C over a 40 day-storage. The chemical parameters namely peroxide value (PV) and specific absorptivity of conjugated dienes (CDs) and conjugated trienes (CTs) were used to asses VCO stability. VCO samples treated with the mixture of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHA/BHT of 200 mg/kg) and citric acid (CA, 100 mg/kg) have lower PVs than control (VCO without antioxidants) and other treatments. The specific absorbtivities of CDs and CTs of VCO were also decreased due to the addition of antioxidants. In addition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to monitor the peak changes during the thermal oxidation. The prominent peak change observed during thermal oxidation of VCO was at frequency 1739 cm-1 which corresponded to the carbonylic compounds (esters, aldehydes, ketones, lactones) resulted from the hydroperoxide decompositions during oven test.
Self-regulation in violent and non-violent offenders: a preliminary report.

BACKGROUND The functional role of self-regulation in violent behaviour is not yet fully understood. AIM To test the hypothesis that violent offenders have more deficits in self-regulation and self-control than non-violent offenders. METHODS Self-regulation and personality disorders were evaluated in a sample of 70 violent and non-violent incarcerated offenders using the Volitional Components Questionnaire (VCQ) and the SCID-II for DSM-IV. RESULTS The self-report data indicate that violent offenders were no different from non-violent offenders on either facilitatory or inhibitory modes of self-regulation and self-control. Compared with a sample of normal, healthy men, differences were found in all tested self-regulation variables but not in self-control. Except for antisocial personality, the groups were similar in personality features. CONCLUSIONS The proposed hypothesis was not sustained on this measure of self-regulation. With regard to self-regulation and self-control, violent and non-violent offenders were similar and treatment interventions to improve capacity in these respects are probably useful for both groups.
Multidimensional Co-occurrence Matrices for Object Recognition and Matching

A novel method is proposed for object recognition and matching. It is based on the automatic search of features that characterize a certain object class using a training set consisting of both positive and negative examples. Special multidimensional co-occurrence matrices are used for the description and representation of some basic image structures. The features are extracted from the elements of this matrix and express quantitatively the relative abundance of some elementary structures, i.e., they are quotients of certain elements of the matrix. Only features which discriminate the classes clearly are used. The method is demonstrated in numerous applications, falling under the general problems of texture recognition, texture defect detection, and shape recognition.
A universal equation to predict methane production of forage-fed cattle in Australia

The methods for estimating methane emissions from cattle as used in the Australian national inventory are based on older data that have now been superseded by a large amount of more recent data. Recent data suggested that the current inventory emissions estimates can be improved. To address this issue, a total of 1034 individual animal records of daily methane production (MP) was used to reassess the relationship between MP and each of dry matter intake (DMI) and gross energy intake (GEI). Data were restricted to trials conducted in the past 10 years using open-circuit respiration chambers, with cattle fed forage-based diets (forage >70%). Results from diets considered to inhibit methanogenesis were omitted from the dataset. Records were obtained from dairy cattle fed temperate forages (220 records), beef cattle fed temperate forages (680 records) and beef cattle fed tropical forages (133 records). Relationships were very similar for all three production categories and single relationships for MP on a DMI or GEI basis were proposed for national inventory purposes. These relationships were MP (g/day) = 20.7 (±0.28) × DMI (kg/day) (R2 = 0.92, P < 0.001) and MP (MJ/day) = 0.063 (±0.008) × GEI (MJ/day) (R2 = 0.93, P < 0.001). If the revised MP (g/day) approach is used to calculate Australia’s national inventory, it will reduce estimates of emissions of forage-fed cattle by 24%. Assuming a global warming potential of 25 for methane, this represents a 12.6 Mt CO2-e reduction in calculated annual emissions from Australian cattle.
REAL QUADRATIC EXTENSIONS OF THE RATIONAL FUNCTION FIELD IN CHARACTERISTIC TWO

We consider real quadratic extensions of the rational field over a finite field of characteristic two. After recalling the equation of such extensions, we present a geometric approach of the continued fraction expansion algorithm to compute the regulator. Finally, we study the ideal class number one problem and give numerous examples for which the ideal class number equals one. Resume (Extensions quadratiques reelles du corps rationnel en caracteristique 2) Nousles extensions quadratiques reelles du corps rationnel sur un corps fini de caracteristique 2. On rappelle la forme generale de telles extensions puis on donne une approche geometrique de l'algorithme des fractions continues qui permet de calculer le regulateur. Enfin on s'interesse aux extensions quadratiques reelles dont le nombre de classes d'ideaux de l'anneau des entiers estgalun et on donne un grand nombre d'exemples pour lesquels cette situation est realisee.
Analysis of the Emergency Medicine Clinical Learning Environment

Residencies are grappling with ways to identify methods to internally monitor and improve their learning environments. Building on prior work, the objective of this study was to determine emergency medicine (EM) internal evaluations of perceived organizational support and psychological safety and compare to the results from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Resident Survey for the purpose of program improvement and to explore factors affecting residents’ perception of their learning environment.
Voting with Public Information

We study the effect of public information on collective decision-making in committees, where members can have both common and conflicting interests. In the presence of public information, the simple and efficient vote-your-signal strategy profile no longer constitutes an equilibrium under the commonly-used simultaneous voting rules, while the intuitive but inefficient follow-the-expert strategy profile almost always does. Although more information may be aggregated if agents are able to coordinate on more sophisticated equilibria, inefficiency can persist even in large elections if the provision of public information introduces general correlation between the signals observed by the agents. We propose simple voting procedures that can indirectly implement the outcomes of optimal anonymous and ex post incentive compatible mechanisms with public information. The proposed voting procedures also have additional advantages when there is a concern for strategic disclosure of public information.
Mixed solvent system as binder for the production of silicified microcrystalline cellulose‐based pellets

ABSTRACT: Silicified microcrystalline cellulose pellets with hydroxypropyl methylcellullose (HPMC) as modifier were prepared using a mixed solvent as liquid binder. Pellets were produced using extrusion-spheronization with a mixed solvent consisting of water and isopropanol as liquid binder. The key spheronization aid was Prosolv® SMCC 90. Low viscosity grade HPMC was incorporated aiming to modify release of indometacin. Physical characteristics including breaking load, apparent density and flow properties, particle size distribution and shape were determined. Drug loaded pellets were also tested for dissolution profiles. By adjusting liquid binder property, at isopropanol to water ratio of 3.5 to 6.5, pellets of desirable size and shape with reasonable yields were obtained. Pellets exhibited good flow property and they were mechanically strong. Pellet with higher HPMC content displayed a faster drug dissolution profile. This was because low viscosity grade HPMC was not enough to create strong gel. Instead hydration of HPMC molecules increased matrix’s hydrophilicity and weakened the structure of pellet faster. The release of indometacin was partly based on the erosion of hydrated matrix. The presence of HPMC in the pellets would require a mixed solvent to produce desirable shape. Incorporation of HPMC had modified drug release from the pellets without further coating. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47924.
Enriched components in the Hawaiian plume: Evidence from Kahoolawe Volcano, Hawaii

The geochemical differences between individual Hawaiian shields provide clues to the magma source components in the Hawaiian plume. Lavas from Koolau (Makapuu‐stage) and Kahoolawe volcanoes define the enriched, i.e., relatively high 87Sr/86Sr and low 143Nd/144Nd, extreme for Hawaiian shield lavas. There are, however, important geochemical differences between these shields; Kahoolawe lavas lack the relatively high SiO2, low CaO, and high Sr/Nb and La/Nb that are characteristic of Makapuu‐stage Koolau lavas, and they are offset from other Hawaiian shield lavas to high 87Sr/86Sr at a given 143Nd/144Nd. Consequently, a varying role for recycled plagioclase‐rich gabbro is inferred, in particular, lower amounts of the low 87Sr/86Sr component in Kahoolawe lavas. Also, lavas from Loa‐trend volcanoes, such as Kahoolawe, define trends ranging toward high 208Pb*/206Pb* and 87Sr/86Sr and low 143Nd/144Nd and 176Hf/177Hf. Such trends are consistent with variable amounts of recycled sediment sampled by Loa‐trend volcanoes, with the largest proportion in Makapuu‐stage Koolau lavas. Therefore the enriched component in the Hawaiian plume, the Koolau component, is recycled oceanic crust, which is heterogeneous because of varying proportions of sediment, basalt, and gabbro. Hawaiian shield‐stage lavas range widely in 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 176Hf/177Hf, and 206Pb/204Pb, but they have similar ratios of Sr/Nd, Nd/Hf, and Hf/Pb, each varying by a factor of <3 among the Hawaiian shields. This observation has important consequences. Namely, the similar Hf/Pb ratios are inconsistent with a two‐component (i.e., Kea and Koolau) mixing model for explaining the hyperbolic trend of 176Hf/177Hf versus 206Pb/204Pb defined by shield lavas. Such a model requires end‐members with very different Hf/Pb (a factor of 15 to 40), but this is not observed; therefore a third component must be involved. On the basis of trends of 208Pb*/206Pb* versus 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, and 176Hf/177Hf, we infer that Loa and Kea trend shield lavas contain variable amounts of the Loihi source component.
Visual-MIMO for vehicle to vehicle communications

In most of the scenarios, accidents occur due to the carelessness of the driver. To reduce the accidents sharing of the vehicle's dynamics information is essential. The primary vehicle uses several sensors to collect information which were transmitted to the next subordinate vehicles that follow it. For communicating huge data between vehicles we need a Multiple Input Multiple Output Radio Frequency (MIMO-RF) transceiver which leads to increase in complexity and cost of vehicle design. This drawback can be overcome by using the existing Visible Light Communication (VLC), because of the accessibility of light source and probability of seamless communication. In this paper, a Light Emitting Array (LEA) setup is likely to be placed which is the Region of Interest (ROI). The comparative distance between the camera and the LEA varies dynamically that leads to increase in average Bit Error Rate (BER) at the output of the detector. To overcome this problem, we proposed the Kalman filter methodology along with regular geometry techniques to locate and track the LEA and the deformed shape of LEA is corrected utilizing perspective projection that maximizes the average BER performance. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has an optimum performance than the existing method.