Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Genetic Selection For Neurospora crassa Mutants Altered in Their Light Regulation of Transcription

Transcription of the Neurospora crassa gene con-10 is induced during conidiation and following exposure of vegetative mycelia to light, but light activation is transient due to photoadaptation. We describe mutational analyses of photoadaptation using a N. crassa strain bearing a translational fusion of con-10, including its regulatory region, to a selectable bacterial gene conferring hygromycin resistance (hph). Growth of this strain was sensitive to hygromycin, upon continuous culture in the light. Five mutants were isolated that were resistant to hygromycin when cultured under constant light. Three mutant strains displayed elevated, sustained accumulation of con-10∷hph mRNA during continued light exposure, suggesting that they bear mutations that reduce or eliminate the presumed light-dependent repression mechanism that blocks con-10 transcription upon prolonged illumination. These mutations altered photoadaptation for only a specific group of genes (con-10 and con-6), suggesting that regulation of photoadaptation is relatively gene specific. The mutations increased light-dependent mRNA accumulation for genes al-1, al-2, and al-3, each required for carotenoid biosynthesis, resulting in a threefold increase in carotenoid accumulation following continuous light exposure. Identification of the altered gene or genes in these mutants may reveal novel proteins that participate in light regulation of gene transcription in fungi.
Reductionism versus emergentism: A framework for understanding conceptions of giftedness

In this article, I propose that various conceptions and theoretical models of giftedness can be understood along a continuum from the most reductionist to the most emergentist. Along with this continuum, I specify four levels of analysis based on the human functional hierarchy: the biological, operational (computational), intentional, and activity levels. I illustrate how reductionist and emergentist approaches provide contrasting views of intelligence and giftedness, with the former seeking basic elements and lower level explanations and the latter stressing complexity and higher level organization. I suggest that clearly articulating levels of analysis and principles for efforts of the reductionist or emergentist nature will enhance conceptual clarity and methodological rigor. Whether giftedness is understood in the reductionist or emergentist frameworks has many practical and policy implications for gifted education.
Is it random or impulsive responding? The effect of working memory load on decision-making

Research has suggested individuals with limited working memory (WM) capacity make more impulsive choices than individuals without such limited capacity; however, the specificity of increased impulsivity has been challenged on the grounds that limited WM may lead to an increase in random responding rather than a true increase in impulsivity. Furthermore, whereas some previous research have demonstrated sex differences in decision-making, with males tending to make a higher proportion of impulsive decisions than females, the overall results in this area have been mixed. Thus, the current study specifically controlled for the impact of sex, a potential key issue within this area. In this study, 120 subjects (60 males) were randomly assigned to a WM load or control group and completed a decision-making task requiring rapid decisions. The task utilised three probability of loss conditions. The main findings centred on an interaction between sex and WM load, with males showing increased impulsive decision-making in WM load conditions, whereas females did not show a change in decision-making patterns under WM load. Results of this study support the claim that decreased WM capacity increases impulsive decision-making rather than random responding in men, whereas WM load was unrelated to risk-taking in women.
Maximizing End-to-End Reliability of Routing with Redundant Path by Optimal Link Layer Scheduling

A cross layer approach is important for designing multi-hop wireless network routing protocols. In this paper, we maximize the path reliability by proper scheduling of transmissions at link layer over different paths. In our scheme, each node involved in the routing maintains two paths towards the destination. When forwarding a packet, the transmissions at link layer are optimally scheduled by considering the instantaneous channel reliability, the end-to-end reliability at the parent nodes and the remaining number of transmissions at this hop. We convert the decision process of the transmission scheduling into a Markov decision model and derive the optimal policy using backward induction algorithm. Results show that the end-to-end reliability can be improved significantly with the optimal transmission schedule.
Early Child Contingency Learning and Detection: Research Evidence and Implications for Practice

The types of contingency experiences infants and young children are typically exposed to are examined with a focus on the implications for early childhood intervention with young children who have developmental disabilities and delays. Studies of response-contingent child learning, the manner in which contingencies are not under direct child control, and child/caregiver reciprocal contingencies, are reviewed in terms of how they influence child learning and development. Results indicate that the different types of contingencies all positively influence child behavior. Implications for practice are described in terms of contingency-rich everyday child learning activities, child response-contingent learning in the context of those activities, and caregiver contingent responsiveness as an instructional strategy for supporting child contingency learning.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a breast cancer targeting contrast agent for ultrasound imaging

Current clinical use of ultrasound for breast cancer diagnostics is strictly limited to a role as a supplementary detection method to other modalities, such as mammography or MRI. A major reason for ultrasound’s role as a secondary method is its inability to discern between cancerous and non-cancerous bodies of similar density, like dense calcifications or benign fibroadenomas. Its detection capabilities are further diminished by the variable density of the surrounding breast tissue with the progression of age. Preliminary studies suggest that mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are a good candidate as an in situ contrast agent for ultrasound. By tagging the silica particle surface with the cancer-targeting antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin), suspect regions of interest can be better identified in real time with standard ultrasound equipment. Once the silica-antibody conjugate is injected into the bloodstream and enters the cancerous growth’s vasculature, the antibody arm will bind to HER2, a cell surface receptor known to be dysfunctional or overexpressed in certain types of breast cancer. As more particles aggregate at the cell surface, backscatter of the ultrasonic waves increases as a result of the higher porous silica concentration. This translates to an increased contrast around the lesion boundary. Tumor detection through ultrasound contrast enhancement provides a tremendous advantage over current cancer diagnostics because is it significantly cheaper and can be monitored in real time. Characterization of MCM-41 type MSNs suggests that these particles have sufficient stability and particle size distribution to penetrate through fenestrated tumor vasculature and accumulate in HER2+ breast cancer cells through the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. A study of acoustic properties showed that particle concentration is linearly correlated to image contrast in clinical frequency-range ultrasound, although less pronounced than typical microbubble-type contrast agents. In vitro studies using cells with varied levels of HER2 expression demonstrated the selectivity of the MSN-Herceptin conjugate to cells with HER2 overexpression. Fluorescence imaging suggest these images remain surface-bound and are not incorporated into the cell body.
Visualisation and Analysis of Large and Complex Scale-free Networks

Scale-free networks appear in many application domains such as social and biological networks [BA99, BB03, BO04]. Roughly speaking, scale-free networks have power-law degree distribution, ultra-short average path length and high clustering coefficient [BA99, BB03, BO04]. This paper presents new methods for visualising scale-free networks in three dimensions. To make effective use of the third dimension and minimise occlusion, we produce graph visulaisations with nodes constrained to lie on parallel planes or on the surface of spheres. We implement the algorithms using a variation of a fast force-directed graph layout method [QE00]. Results with real world data sets such as IEEE InfoVis citation and collaboration networks and a protein-protein interaction network show that our method can be useful for visual analysis of large and complex scale-free networks. We also discuss the issue of visualisation of evolving networks and network integration.
Prediction of Maximal Projection for Semantic Role Labeling

In Semantic Role Labeling (SRL), arguments are usually limited in a syntax subtree. It is reasonable to label arguments locally in such a sub-tree rather than a whole tree. To identify active region of arguments, this paper models Maximal Projection (MP), which is a concept in D-structure from the projection principle of the Principle and Parameters theory. This paper makes a new definition of MP in S-structure and proposes two methods to predict it: the anchor group approach and the single anchor approach. The anchor group approach achieves an accuracy of 87.75% and the single anchor approach achieves 83.63%. Experimental results also indicate that the prediction of MP improves semantic role labeling.
Robust Matched Filters for Hyperspectral Target Detection

The objective of this paper is to introduce a robust matched filter that takes the uncertainty or variability of target signatures into account. It is shown that, if we describe this uncertainty with an ellipsoid in the spectral space, we can design a matched filter that provides a response of the same magnitude for all spectra within this ellipsoid. Thus, by changing the size of this ellipsoid, we can control the "spectral selectivity" of the matched filter. Finally, we demonstrate the operation of the robust matched filter with real hyperspectral imaging data.
Prediction of violent behaviour

This article focuses on the factors that are deemed important by magistrates and psychologists in the prediction of dangerous or violent behaviour. Five case studies, in which the risk of violence came into play, were presented to the respondents (85 magistrates and 52 psychologists) with the aid of a self-compiled questionnaire. The opinions of the legal practitioners and psychologists concerning the risk of violence that was involved in each case study were tested on the basis of two questions: (i) To what degree is the person in the case study a danger to the community? and (ii) Which risk factors were decisive in respect of Question 1? There was agreement between the two professional groups regarding risk factors. However, in certain cases there was a difference between the two professional groups in respect of the weight allocated to the specific risk factors (for example, psychologists attached more value than the legal practitioners to age, race, gender, the absence of a criminal record, the absence of remorse and drug addiction). Another insight-giving finding was that the opinions of the psychologists concerning risk factors are more substantially supported by existing research than those of magistrates.
Modernism, Post Modernism and Organizational Analysis 2: The Contribution of Michel Foucault

This paper, the second in a series on the relevance of the modernist-postmodernist debate to organizational analysis, looks at the work of the late Michel Foucault. Whilst his work is seen as producing a whole series of problems for those brought up in an Anglo-American tradition of intellectual endeavour, it is maintained that his work is suggestive of alternative ways of approaching problems and ordering material. A three fold periodization of his work is suggested beginning with the 'archeaological' period, then attention is paid to the 'genealogical' period and finally, though less fixed and discernible, his concern for ethics is noted. Ideas and concepts drawn from all but the very last of his writings are then utilized in ways which might allow for a significant reordering in the theory of organizations, particularly in the debate concerning organizational heterogeneity versus homogeneity, the importance of 'total institutions', organizational control of sexuality and the role of new technologies in organizational control systems.
Job and Occupational Change as a Function of Occupational Correspondence and Job Satisfaction

Abstract A longitudinal study was conducted to examine predictors and outcomes of job and occupational change for 436 adults who participated in a vocational counseling clinic. Test and 2-year follow-up data were used to examine occupational correspondence and job satisfaction as both predictors and outcomes of job and occupational change. Results showed that job and occupational change were not significantly related to correspondence or job satisfaction at intake. At follow-up, individuals who changed jobs and occupations were significantly more satisfied than nonchangers but the hypothesized effects of change on occupational correspondence were only partially supported. Implications for future research on job and occupational change are discussed.
“If We had it to Do Over Again...”: Couples’ Reflections on their Experiences of Infertility Treatments

A narrative approach was used to examine the experiences of 65 infertile couples that had undergone various types of medical investigations and treatments, ranging from the use of fertility drugs to repeated attempts at conception using other reproductive technologies, in their efforts to produce a child. Participants, who had pursued medical solutions to their fertility problems for an average of 5 years, reflected on their experiences during in-depth interviews. The shared narrative that characterized their experiences is presented, and recommendations are made to assist those who work with families in meeting the needs of couples as they attempt to cope with the challenges of making decisions about, and coping with, infertility treatments.
Locality-Aware Reduce Task Scheduling for MapReduce

MapReduce offers a promising programming model for big data processing. Inspired by functional languages, MapReduce allows programmers to write functional-style code which gets automatically divided into multiple map and/or reduce tasks and scheduled over distributed data across multiple machines. Hadoop, an open source implementation of MapReduce, schedules map tasks in the vicinity of their inputs in order to diminish network traffic and improve performance. However, Hadoop schedules reduce tasks at requesting nodes without considering data locality leading to performance degradation. This paper describes Locality-Aware Reduce Task Scheduler (LARTS), a practical strategy for improving MapReduce performance. LARTS attempts to collocate reduce tasks with the maximum required data computed after recognizing input data network locations and sizes. LARTS adopts a cooperative paradigm seeking a good data locality while circumventing scheduling delay, scheduling skew, poor system utilization, and low degree of parallelism. We implemented LARTS in Hadoop-0.20. 2. Evaluation results show that LARTS outperforms the native Hadoop reduce task scheduler by an average of 7%, and up to 11.6%.
Understanding new hybrid professions: Bourdieu, illusio and the case of public service interpreters

Public spending reductions across the advanced capitalist world are creating new professions that have a ‘hybrid’ status and/or role. However, research on professional learning has paid little attention to them. This qualitative study of one such profession, public service interpreting (PSI), addresses that lacuna. The paper focuses on interpreters’ interactions with other professionals and with migrants using public services. It evokes Bourdieu’s important but neglected concept of illusio – the extent to which players invest commitment in the stakes of a field – to frame the analysis. This highlights the lack of autonomy for PSI, interpreters’ own ambiguous illusio, and their conflicts with the illusio of more powerful professions with which they must work. We conclude that there is a need for more research on the power relations between new hybrid professions and established professions, and that Bourdieu’s illusio is a potent analytical concept for this task.
Bayesian Analysis of Mass Spectrometry Proteomic Data Using Wavelet‐Based Functional Mixed Models

Summary In this article, we apply the recently developed Bayesian wavelet‐based functional mixed model methodology to analyze MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry proteomic data. By modeling mass spectra as functions, this approach avoids reliance on peak detection methods. The flexibility of this framework in modeling nonparametric fixed and random effect functions enables it to model the effects of multiple factors simultaneously, allowing one to perform inference on multiple factors of interest using the same model fit, while adjusting for clinical or experimental covariates that may affect both the intensities and locations of peaks in the spectra. For example, this provides a straightforward way to account for systematic block and batch effects that characterize these data. From the model output, we identify spectral regions that are differentially expressed across experimental conditions, in a way that takes both statistical and clinical significance into account and controls the Bayesian false discovery rate to a prespecified level. We apply this method to two cancer studies.
Development and structures of the venous pole of the heart

In the past, our interpretations of cardiac development depended on analysis of serially sectioned embryos, supported by three‐dimensional reconstructions. It was not possible, using these techniques, to trace the fate of the various embryonic building blocks. This has all changed with the advent of the new techniques in molecular biology. Combining our experience with these new techniques and our previous studies using the classic approach, we have reviewed how the recent advances clarify controversies that still exist concerning the development of the venous pole. The arguments devolve on whether the pulmonary vein is itself a new development or whether its primordium is derived from the systemic venous tributaries, the so‐called sinus venosus. The new techniques show that, rather than developing in the form of a segmented tube, the heart is built up by addition of material to both its arterial and venous poles. At no stage is it possible to recognize a discrete part of the tube that can be identified as the sinus venosus. The confluence of the systemic venous tributaries does not become recognizable as a discrete anatomic entity until compartmented into the newly formed right atrium concomitant with formation of the venous valves. The new molecular techniques show that the pulmonary vein is a new structure, anatomically and developmentally, that is derived from mediastinal myocardium. It gains its connection to the morphologically left atrium between the right‐ and left‐sided systemic venous tributaries. Developmental Dynamics 235:2–9, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Managing Quality Assurance in Higher Education: a Scottish Example

This article outlines the principal parameters of the quality debate in higher education and considers issues and developments from the standpoint of the different key stakeholders. The analysis will be illustrated by the experiences of the University of Strathclyde in developing transnational policies and procedures for the quality assurance of awards and programmes which it provides or validates. Internally, the University of Strathclyde operates within an ethos of academic and financial devolution to its five Faculties. Central steering has been targeted primarily at negotiating understandings and agreements and at promoting reflection, evaluation, monitoring, and the dissemination of good practice. Applying that philosophy to transnational education has presented some interesting challenges. These are discussed, including the development of agreements to guide validated arrangements and modifications to evaluation and monitoring for programmes delivered at a distance. These developments are now an int.
The promoter for a sporulation gene in the spoIVC locus of Bacillus subtilis and its use in studies of temporal and spatial control of gene expression

We have identified the transcription start site and regulatory region governing the expression of a sporulation gene in the spoIVC locus of Bacillus subtilis. Efficient expression and developmental regulation of this gene was controlled from a promoter region that extended no more than 110 base pairs upstream and no more than 4 base pairs downstream from the start site of transcription, on which basis we infer that spoIVC is regulated at the level of transcription initiation. Using a transcriptional fusion of the spoIVC gene to the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli, we found that spoIVC expression was turned on at the third to fourth hour of sporulation (at about the developmental stage [IV] that its products are required in spore formation) and that this transcription was largely restricted to the mother cell chamber of the sporangium. Mutations in many different spo genes (causing blocks at stages 0 to V) were found to influence (negatively and positively) the level of spoIVC expression. Our results distinguish the mode of spoIVC regulation from that of previously studied sporulation genes and indicate that it is representative of a new regulon of mother cell-specific gene expression.
Counterbalancing and Fakability of the Gordon Personal Inventory and Profile

Studies designed to investigate the impact of order of administration on the observed fakability of the GPI and GPP were conducted on two groups of upper-division college Ss. When honest preceded fake instructions, 6 of 8 tests (mean differences between honest and fake administrations) were statistically significant. When fake instructions were administered first, only three of the eight differences were statistically significant. Implications of the findings for previous fakability studies which have not controlled for order of administration were discussed.
Cicada: Introducing Predictive Guarantees for Cloud Networks

In cloud-computing systems, network-bandwidth guarantees have been shown to improve predictability of application performance and cost [1, 28]. Most previous work on cloud-bandwidth guarantees has assumed that cloud tenants know what bandwidth guarantees they want [1, 17]. However, as we show in this work, application bandwidth demands can be complex and time-varying, and many tenants might lack sufficient information to request a guarantee that is well-matched to their needs, which can lead to over-provisioning (and thus reduced cost-efficiency) or under-provisioning (and thus poor user experience). We analyze traffic traces gathered over six months from an HP Cloud Services datacenter, finding that application bandwidth consumption is both time-varying and spatially inhomogeneous. This variability makes it hard to predict requirements. To solve this problem, we develop a prediction algorithm usable by a cloud provider to suggest an appropriate bandwidth guarantee to a tenant. With tenant VM placement using these predictive guarantees, we find that the inter-rack network utilization in certain datacenter topologies can be more than doubled.