Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Critique of the Use of Learning Stories to Assess the Learning Dispositions of Young Children

This paper discusses a number of concerns about the value of Learning Stories for assessing children's learning in early childhood centres. The technique requires teachers to observe children and write narrative 'stories' to show the learning that is occurring in particular situations. There is a focus on assessing children's dispositions for learning rather than describing their knowledge and skill levels. Although there is some case-study documentation to support the value of Learning Stories, there is little evidence about the effectiveness of the widespread use of Learning Stories to assess and enhance children's learning. Concerns about Learning Stories include: difficulties with establishing the validity or accountability of Learning Stories; problems with making subjective interpretations based on short observations; a lack of guidance on where, when and how often to make Learning Stories; problems with defining and assessing learning dispositions; and difficulties in using Learning Stories to show changes in children's learning over time.
European Journal of Operational Research Parametric Uncapacitated Facility Location

We consider the parametric Uncapacitated Facility Location Problem (UFLP) where the demand of each customer is allowed to vary over a certain interval. Despite the value of parametric analysis, no such efforts are found for the UFLP, that mainly seems to be due to the fact that parametric analysis usually requires the computation of a number of UFLP's with heavy computational burden. In this paper, we will show that the special structure of the UFLP provides a nice property for its parametric version, based on which an efficient branch and bound procedure for the parametric analysis is developed.
THE BILINGUALISM READER. Li Wei (Ed.). London: Routledge, 2000. Pp. xv + 541. £18.99 paper.

This volume consists of a collection of 18 chapters of previously published articles, mostly classic works on bilingualism (all but five were published before 1990). The majority of the authors are very well known and well respected scholars in the field: Auer, Blom, Ching, Clyne, de Bot, Ferguson, Fishman, Galloway, Genesee, Green, Grosjean, Gumperz, Jake, Mackey, Meisel, Milroy, Myers-Scotten, Obler, Paradis, Poplack, Vaid, Wei, and Zatorre. Wei's motivation for this reader is that it serve the dual purpose of compiling many of the important articles on bilingualism, which in many parts of the world are unavailable because of inadequate library facilities, and encourage researchers to read the original works rather than commentaries on them. As Wei put it, “I am nevertheless concerned that a new generation of ‘scholars' might be emerging out of a ‘hear-say' tradition” (p. ix).
Genome Sequence of the Obligate Methanotroph Methylosinus trichosporium Strain OB3b

ABSTRACT Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b (for “oddball” strain 3b) is an obligate aerobic methane-oxidizing alphaproteobacterium that was originally isolated in 1970 by Roger Whittenbury and colleagues. This strain has since been used extensively to elucidate the structure and function of several key enzymes of methane oxidation, including both particulate and soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) and the extracellular copper chelator methanobactin. In particular, the catalytic properties of soluble methane monooxygenase from M. trichosporium OB3b have been well characterized in context with biodegradation of recalcitrant hydrocarbons, such as trichloroethylene. The sequence of the M. trichosporium OB3b genome is the first reported from a member of the Methylocystaceae family in the order Rhizobiales.
Synthesis and Anti-Tumor Activity of Novel Aminomethylated Derivatives of Isoliquiritigenin

A series of new aminomethylated derivatives of isoliquiritigenin was synthesized. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR, MS, NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analyses. Cytotoxic activities of these derivatives towards the human prostatic cell line PC-3, human mammary cancer cell line MCF-7 and human oophoroma cell line HO-8910 in vitro were tested. The IC50 values showed cytotoxic activities of some of these new derivatives were relatively strong. Furthermore, tumor growth inhibition in vivo of aminomethylated derivatives of isoliquiritigenin 15 was superior to that of isoliquritigenin and reached inhibition rates of 71.68%. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic data, biological and pharmacologicalactivities of the synthesized compounds were provided.
The Unified Model For Current-Mode Control: An Alternative Derivation

The two prevalent s-domain models for current-mode control, the continuous-time model and the unified model, exhibit noticeable differences in their small-signal predictions and therefore have become the subject of comparisons and clarifications. The current letter presents an alternative way of deriving the unified model, thereby providing an additional guide for assessing the validity of the unified model. This letter also presents experimental data that support the accuracy of the unified model.
Extracorporeal lung support in a patient with traumatic brain injury: the benefit of heparin-bonded circuitry

Patients with severe failure of gas exchange following major traumatic pulmonary contusion and/or pulmonary hemorrhage may require extracorporeal lung assist (ECLA). Traditional extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) systems require full systemic heparinization to minimize extracorporeal clotting. The use of heparin presents the risk of several complications, the primary one being hemorrhage.1 In newborns supported with ECMO, heparin is generally regarded as the cause of intracranial hemorrhage.2 Heparin is contraindicated for patients with intracerebral bleeding. Therefore, the use of traditional ECMO systems requiring heparinization becomes complicated, if not inappropriate, for patients with major blunt trauma, many of whom have brain contusions or intracerebral hemorrhage. In newer circuitry for extracorporeal life support, heparin is bonded to all internal surfaces, including membrane lungs, tubing and cannulae. With heparin bonding, ECLA can be employed with less or no additional systemic heparin.3,4 In this paper we describe the management of a patient with severe pulmonary contusions, pulmonary hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage who was supported with ECLA using heparin-bonded technology. Extracorporeal lung assist (ECLA)
ALGORITHM FOR MAXIMAL FREQUENT SEQUENCES IN DOCUMENT CLUSTERING

In this paper, an efficient algorithm for maximal frequent sequences is described with an application in the document clustering processes. First, an overview on general document clustering process is given including the different feature reduction methods. Next, the role of word sequences and the methods for discovering the maximal frequent sequences are presented. In the last part, the document clustering based on oncept lattices with sequences is descriped.
Critical Realism in Discourse Analysis

In critical realism, language is understood as constructing our social realities. However, these constructions are theorized as being shaped by the possibilities and constraints inherent in the material world. For critical realists, material practices are given an ontological status that is independent of, but in relation with, discursive practices. The advantage in taking a critical realist, rather than relativist, approach is that analysis can include relationships between people's material conditions and discursive practices. Despite calls to develop a critical realist discourse analysis there has been little empirical critical realist work, possibly because few have addressed the critique that critical realists have no systematic method of distinguishing between discursive and non-discursive. In this article we outline a three-stage procedure that enables a systematic critical realist discourse analysis using women's talk of motherhood, childcare and female employment as an example.
Politics, Culture, and Governance in the Development of Prior Informed Consent in Indigenous Communities

Why did an early effort to build an ethical bioprospecting relationship with indigenous people in Peru survive when a more sophisticated approach with arguably better opportunities for indigenous communities in Mexico later foundered in a sea of criticism? Two projects funded under the International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups (ICBG), one working with Aguaruna people in Peru and another working with Maya people in Chiapas, Mexico, have struggled with identification of appropriate representation of community interests and with concerted campaigns by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to halt their efforts despite broad interest among the indigenous communities they contacted. The Peru ICBG ultimately succeeded in developing credible working partnerships and carried the project through to completion, while the Maya (Mexico) ICBG became mired in defense of its approach to prior informed consent and was terminated early. In this paper I summarize relevant aspects of the history of these two landmark projects and draw some lessons about the role of culture, politics, and local governance in the differing outcomes of their efforts. In particular, I point to the role of preexisting and broadly representative indigenous governance as a key factor in determining the feasibility and integrity of prior informed consent for the use of traditional knowledge. This conclusion is important because it suggests concerted movement away from the traditional model of individually oriented ethnobotanical studies for bioprospecting that involves indigenous communities toward one that is structured around institutional relationships. The central thesis of the ICBGs is that research and development projects designed to discover new pharmaceutical precursors in developing countries can, carefully constructed and equitably managed, produce benefits to health, conservation, and sustainable development. Since 1993 several agencies of the U.S government—the National Institutes of Health
Web Information Extraction and User Modeling: Towards Closing the Gap

Web search engines have become the primary method of accessing information on the web. Billions of queries are submitted to major web search engines, reflecting a wide range of information needs. While significant progress has been made on improving the relevance of the results, web search process often remains a frustrating experience. At the same time, web information extraction has seen tremendous progress, such that knowledge bases of millions of facts extracted from the web are now a reality. Yet it is not clear how effectively these knowledge bases support common user information needs. We posit that a key for web information extraction to significantly impact the web search experience is to connect the extraction process with user modeling, particularly with automatic methods for inferring user information needs and anticipated interaction patterns. In this paper we overview some recent efforts for user modeling and inferring user preferences in the context of closing the gap between web information extraction and user modeling.
Feasibility study with 99mTc-HYNIC-&bgr;Ala-Bombesin(7–14) as an agent to early visualization of lung tumour cells in nude mice

AimMore sensitive and accurate imaging approaches for early detection and therapy monitoring of lung tumours are needed to ameliorate prognosis and outcome. Lung tumours are known to overexpress receptors for bombesin-like peptides. However, thus far, no study has demonstrated the potential role of bombesin-like peptides in identifying A549 lung tumour cells in xenograft animal models. Thus, we evaluate the feasibility of 99mTc-HYNIC-&bgr;Ala-Bombesin(7–14) as an imaging probe in lung cancer. Methods and resultsXenograft lung tumours were implanted in nude mice and evaluated by histopathological analysis. Tumours were easily visualized by 99mTc-HYNIC-&bgr;Ala-Bombesin(7–14) within 30 days after inoculation of the A549 cell line into mice. Scintigraphic images showed high tumour-to-background ratio. DiscussionThe data obtained in this study indicate that 99mTc-HYNIC-&bgr;Ala-Bombesin(7–14) may be useful as an imaging probe to detect A549 lung cancer cells. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this specific radiocompound has been used to visualize non-small-cell lung cancer A549 in mice. Further translational research in humans is required to establish the potential role of this radiocompound in clinical practice.
Ranking Text Units According to Textual Saliency, Connectivity and Topic Aptness

An efficient use of lexical cohesion is described for ranking text units according to their contribution in defining the meaning of a text (textual saliency), their ability to form a cohesive subtext (textual connectivity) and the extent and effectiveness to which they address the different topics which characterize the subject matter of the text (topic aptness). A specific application is also discussed where the method described is employed to build the indexing component of a summarization system to provide both generic and query-based indicative summaries.
Clustered Sparsity and Separation of Cartoon and Texture

Natural images are typically a composition of cartoon and texture structures. One common task is to separate such an image into two single images, one containing the cartoon part and the other containing the texture part. Recently, a powerful class of algorithms using sparse approximation and $\ell_1$ minimization has been introduced to resolve this problem, and numerous inspiring empirical results have already been obtained. In this paper we provide a theoretical study of the separation of a combination of cartoon and texture structures in a continuum model situation using this class of algorithms. The methodology we consider expands the image in a combined dictionary consisting of a curvelet frame and a Gabor frame and minimizes the $\ell_1$ norm. Sparse approximation properties then force the cartoon components into the curvelet coefficients and the texture components into the Gabor coefficients, thereby separating the image. Utilizing the fact that the coefficients are clustered geometrically, we prov.
Consequences of working more hours than preferred and initially agreed upon

The relationship between a specific type of experienced inequity, i.e., working more hours than preferred and initially agreed upon, and engagement in organizational citizenship behaviors directed toward supervisor and colleagues was examined. It was argued that some employees may attach more importance to their working conditions (i.e., women and part-time employees) and, therefore, are more likely to reduce their investments when they experience this type of inequity. Using data from 178 employees and hierarchical regression analyses, it was shown that working more hours than preferred was associated with the expected withdrawal of contributions. Moreover, gender and employment status were found to moderate the negative relationship between this type of inequity and engagement in OCBs directed toward the supervisor. No relationship was found between working more hours than preferred and engagement in organizational citizenship behaviors directed toward colleagues. Implications of results and directions for future research are discussed.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Corpus Callosum in Addiction

Diffusion tensor imaging, a novel technique with an increased capability of detecting abnormalities in the white matter, has increasingly been employed in the study of the biology of addictions. A comprehensive search from a range of databases was conducted and publications on this topic were selected. Nine reports, eight published and one unpublished, met criteria for inclusion, five on alcoholism, three on cannabis and one on cocaine use. Findings of this review suggest focal disruption of commissural connectivity in the corpus callosum. In alcoholism, the genu and splenium were particularly affected with a different pattern in men and women, and an association with age and duration of substance use. In cocaine dependence, the genu and rostral body showed significant damage. Cannabis consumption may be associated with white matter disruption, but there is not sufficient evidence to support pathological changes in the corpus callosum. The improved detection of white matter pathology with diffusion tensor imaging supports the importance of future research in this field.
Marital Relationship Change in the Transition to Parenthood: A Reexamination as Interpreted through Transition Theory

This study examines whether transition to parenthood results in marital relationship disruption. A total of 96 childbearing couples were tested with Spanier's Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) 2 months before and 3 months after the birth of theirfirst child. Fifty-four nonparent couples matched on age, income, and education were tested over the same interval. A three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)for nonequivalent groups was used to estimate group, gender, and time effects on marital satisfaction. Results showed a significant group effect, a significant time effect, and a Group x Time interaction. Post hoc analysis revealed that females in the parent group showed the greatest decline of all groups in marital satisfaction, an appraisal most influenced by the decreased ability of the spousal partnership to reach consensus on tasks, activities, goals, and values. Females in the Nonparent group experienced an increase in satisfaction with these same consensus patterns. Despite new parents' overall decline in marital satisfaction, these results do not provide supportfor transition to parenthood as a crisis because at both pretest and posttest, new parents reported significantly higher marital satisfaction than did nonparent couples. However, the results do suggest that examining marital satisfaction during transition to parenthood, as it was done in this study, provides information regarding the dynamic shifts taking place within the family at this time.
Standardization and challenges of smart ubiquitous networks in ITU-T

ITU-T has been developing smart ubiquitous networks (SUN) as a near-term realization of future networks. This article introduces key concepts and frameworks of SUN as telecommunication infrastructures for emerging smart and ubiquitous environments in terms of capabilities and architectures. As a challenge for SUN development, we identify context awareness as a key capability for providing "smartness," and propose methodologies and operational processes to support context-aware networking including a functional model. Finally, we illustrate a use case of SUN considering a smart city, and discuss future work and open issues for SUN standardization in ITU-T.
Stochastic Geometry Analysis of Normalized SNR-Based Scheduling in Downlink Cellular Networks

The coverage probability and average data rate of normalized SNR-based scheduling in a downlink cellular network are derived by modeling the locations of the base stations and users as two independent Poison point processes. The scheduler selects the user with the largest instantaneous SNR normalized by the short-term average SNR. In normalized SNR scheduling, the coverage probability when the desired signal experiences Rayleigh fading is shown to be given by a series of Laplace transforms of the probability density function of interference. Also, a closed-form expression for the coverage probability is approximately achieved. The results confirm that normalized SNR scheduling increases the coverage probability due to the multi-user diversity gain.
Spontaneous Breathing Improves Lung Aeration in Oleic Acid–induced Lung Injury

Background Experimental and clinical studies have shown reduction in intrapulmonary shunt with improved oxygenation by spontaneous breathing with airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) in acute lung injury. The mechanisms of these findings are not clear. The authors hypothesized that spontaneous breathing results in better aeration of lung tissue and that improvement in oxygenation can be explained by these changes. This hypothesis was studied in a porcine model of oleic acid–induced lung injury. Methods Two hours after induction of lung injury, 24 pigs were randomly assigned to APRV with or without spontaneous breathing at a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O. Hemodynamics, spirometry, and end-expiratory lung volume by nitrogen washout were measured at baseline, after 2 h of lung injury, and after 2 and 4 h of mechanical ventilation in the specific mode. Finally, spiral computed tomography of the chest was performed at end-expiratory lung volume in 22 pigs. Results Arterial carbon dioxide tension and mean and end-inspiratory airway pressures were comparable between settings. Four hours of APRV with spontaneous breathing resulted in improved oxygenation compared with APRV without spontaneous breathing (arterial oxygen tension, 144 ± 65 vs. 91 ± 50 mmHg, P < 0.01 for interaction time × mode), higher end-expiratory lung volume (786 ± 320 vs. 384 ± 148 ml, P < 0.001), and better aeration. End-expiratory lung volume and venous admixture were both correlated with the amount of lung reaeration (r2 = 0.62 and r2 = 0.61, respectively). Conclusions The results support the hypothesis that spontaneous breathing during APRV improves oxygenation mainly by recruitment of nonaerated lung and improved aeration of the lungs.
Mediation analysis of an adolescent HIV/STI/pregnancy prevention intervention

Most interventions designed to prevent HIV/STI/pregnancy risk behaviours in young people have multiple components based on psychosocial theories (e.g. social cognitive theory) dictating sets of mediating variables to influence to achieve desired changes in behaviours. Mediation analysis is a method for investigating the extent to which a variable X (e.g. intervention indicator) influences an outcome variable Y (e.g. unprotected sex) by first influencing an intermediate variable M (e.g. self-efficacy to use a condom) and provides a way for empirically validating theoretical hypothesised mediators. In this way, mediation analysis is a critical tool for suggesting which components of complex interventions should be the focus of more efficient and effective interventions in the future. The present study applied multilevel mediation analysis to outcome data from the All4You2! study to begin to examine the relationships between a theory-based HIV/STI/pregnancy prevention curriculum for students attending alternative high schools who were at risk of educational failure. The study targeted psychosocial mediating variables and the primary outcome unprotected sex in the past three months. Results suggest helping young people attending alternative schools identify and avoid exposure to risky situations and improving their self-efficacy to refuse sex should be focal points of future interventions.
Session directories and scalable Internet multicast address allocation

A multicast session directory is a mechanism by which users can discover the existence of multicast sessions. In the Mbone, session announcements have also served as multicast address reservations - a dual purpose that is efficient, but which may cause some side-affects as session directories scale.In this paper we examine the scaling of multicast address allocation when it is performed by such a multicast session directory. Despite our best efforts to make such an approach scale, this analysis ultimately reveals significant scaling problems, and suggests a new approach to multicast address allocation in the Internet environment.