Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finite Sample Size Results for Robust Model Selection; Application to Neural Networks

The problem of model selection in the face of nite sample size is considered within the framework of statistical decision theory. Focusing on the special case of regression, we introduce a model selection criterion which is shown to be robust in the sense that, with high conndence, even for a nite sample size it selects the best model. Our derivation is based on uniform convergence methods , augmented by results from the theory of function approximation, which permit us to make deenite probabilistic statements about the nite sample behavior. These results stand in contrast to classical approaches, which can only guarantee the asymptotic optimality of the choice. The criterion is demonstrated for the problem of model selection in feedforward neural networks. Index Terms|Statistical model selection, uniform strong law of large numbers , structural risk minimization, lower and upper bounds on approximation error, algorithmic complexity, neural networks.
Molecular characterization and protein analysis of the cap region, which is essential for encapsulation in Bacillus anthracis

By using genetic complementation tests with various in vitro-constructed mutants with mutations in the cap region (which is essential for encapsulation in Bacillus anthracis), we identified three cistrons, capB, capC, and capA, in this order of arrangement. Minicell analysis revealed that these cistrons produce proteins of 44, 16, and 46 kilodaltons, respectively. The complete nucleotide sequence of 3,244 base pairs covering the whole cap region was determined and revealed the existence of the three open reading frames of capB (397 amino acid residues; molecular weight, 44,872), capC (149 amino acid residues; molecular weight, 16,522), and capA (411 amino acid residues; molecular weight, 46,420) arranged in the order predicted by complementation tests. These three cistrons were all transcribed in the same direction from promoters unique to each cistron. Judging from the predicted amino acid sequence of the three proteins and from their localization and their sensitivity to various physicochemical treatments, they appeared to be membrane-associated enzymes mediating the polymerization of D-glutamic acid via the membrane. Capsular peptides immunologically identical to that of B. anthracis were found in B. subtilis, B. megaterium, and B. licheniformis, but no sequence homologous to the cap region was found in any of these bacilli other than B. anthracis. Using strains of B. anthracis with or without insertional inactivation of the cap region, we found that the capsule of B. anthracis conferred strong resistance to phagocytosis upon the bacterial host.
Phenotypic characteristics of mouse lung adenoma induced by 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone

The expression profile of adenoma induced by 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK) in A/J mice was compared with that of normal lung tissue by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). The mRNAs of surfactant‐associated protein A (SP‐A) and lysozyme showed characteristically higher transcription in the adenoma tissue than in normal lung. High expression of both SP‐A and lysozyme in tumor cells was confirmed by in situ hybridization (ISH). In normal lung, alveolar type II pneumocytes were positive for both SP‐A and lysozyme, indicating that tumor cells retained the phenotypic characteristics of the murine alveolar type II pneumocytes. Previous studies of human adenocarcinomas have shown that the two proteins are expressed reciprocally; SP‐A and lysozyme are differential markers of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and non‐goblet cell type adenocarcinoma, and of goblet cell type adenocarcinoma, respectively. Thus, the present results indicate that the phenotype of NNK‐induced A/J mouse adenoma differs from that of AAH, which is thought to be a preinvasive lesion of human adenocarcinoma. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chinese sign language recognition based on gray-level co-occurrence matrix and other multi-features fusion

We propose a novel approach for solving the Chinese manual alphabet in vision. Rather than focusing on local features and their consistencies in the images data, our approach aims at extracting both the global and local features of an image. Features calculated from gray-level co-occurrence matrix and other multi-features are introduced for the classifier to characterize the various visual properties of the images. Experimentation with 30 groups of the Chinese manual alphabet images is conducted and the results prove that these global and local visual features, such as correlation, entropy, etc. are simple, efficient, and effective for characterize hand gestures, and the SVMs method shows excellent classification and generalization ability in solving learning problem with small training set of sample in sign language recognition. We choose the linear kernel function for the SVMs and found the results to be very encouraging: the average recognition rate of 93.094% is achieved.
Pre-Surgical Integration of fMRI and DTI of the Sensorimotor System in Transcortical Resection of a High-Grade Insular Astrocytoma

Herein we report on a patient with a WHO Grade III astrocytoma in the right insular region in close proximity to the internal capsule who underwent a right frontotemporal craniotomy. Total gross resection of insular gliomas remains surgically challenging based on the possibility of damage to the corticospinal tracts. However, maximizing the extent of resection has been shown to decrease future adverse outcomes. Thus, the goal of such surgeries should focus on maximizing extent of resection while minimizing possible adverse outcomes. In this case, pre-surgical planning included integration of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), to localize motor and sensory pathways. Novel fMRI tasks were individually developed for the patient to maximize both somatosensory and motor activation simultaneously in areas in close proximity to the tumor. Information obtained was used to optimize resection trajectory and extent, facilitating gross total resection of the astrocytoma. Across all three motor-sensory tasks administered, fMRI revealed an area of interest just superior and lateral to the astrocytoma. Further, DTI analyses showed displacement of the corona radiata around the superior dorsal surface of the astrocytoma, extending in the direction of the activation found using fMRI. Taking into account these results, a transcortical superior temporal gyrus surgical approach was chosen in order to avoid the area of interest identified by fMRI and DTI. Total gross resection was achieved and minor post-surgical motor and sensory deficits were temporary. This case highlights the utility of comprehensive pre-surgical planning, including fMRI and DTI, to maximize surgical outcomes on a case-by-case basis.
Studies on the induction of DNA polymerase during transformation of human lymphocytes.

The addition of phytohemagglutinin to cultures of human peripheral lymphocytes initiates a series of metabolic alterations leading to DNA replication and cell division. DNA polymerase activity increases immediately before the onset of thymidine incorporation and thereafter both increase proportionally. Addition of actinomycin D in the first 2 hr after phytohemagglutinin is added completely prevents the increase in DNA polymerase activity. However, the earliest increase in DNA polymerase activity is detected only after 18 to 20 hr in culture. This may be an example of translational delay. Actinomycin D added at 6 hr after phytohemagglutinin slows and limits the increase in DNA polymerase activity by only 50%. Subsequently, the increase in DNA polymerase activity becomes increasingly less sensitive to the effect of actinomycin D. Induction of DNA polymerase activity thus appears to be programmed by an actinomycin D-sensitive product made early during lymphocyte transformation. However, there appears to be no delay between the synthesis of polymerase and the appearance of activity, since the addition of either puromycin or cycloheximide (inhibitors of protein synthesis) to cultures of stimulated lymphocytes prevents further increases in DNA polymerase activity and thymidine incorporation.
Throughput fairness in k-ary n-cube networks

The performance of an interconnection network is measured by two metrics: average latency and peak network throughput. Network throughput is the total number of packets delivered per unit of time.Most synthetic network loads consist of sources injecting at the same given rate, using traffic patterns such as random, permutations or hot spot, which reflect the distribution of packet destinations in many parallel applications. The network is assumed to be fair: all source nodes are able to inject at the same rate. This work will show such assumption is unfounded for most router proposals. All router designs exhibited significant network unfairness under non-uniform loads. Some routers are also unfair under random traffic patterns. At loads above saturation, if the channel utilization is uneven, the injection matrix will become uneven: packet at low used areas will be accepted at a higher rate that those at the busy areas.As synthetic traffic does not reflect the coupled nature of the traffic generated by parallel applications, the impact of this unfairness on application performance could not be measured. New synthetic loads need to be developed to better evaluate network response beyond saturation.
Towards a Typology of Trilingual Primary Education

Trilingual primary education is a growing phenomenon in Europe. However, trilingual primary education is just an umbrella term. There are various different manifestations of the phenomenon. In this contribution an attempt is made to develop a first typology of trilingual primary education. The typology proposed is based on three dimensions: (1) the linguistic context in which trilingual education takes place, coupled with (2) the linguistic distance between the three language varieties at issue, and (3) the organisational design of the teaching of the three school languages. The result is a classification consisting of 46 distinct types of trilingual primary education.
Analysis of various parameters of double gate junctionless MOSFET using Ge-source with High-k Spacer

The enhanced performance of a Symmetrical Double Gate Junctionless MOSFET (DG JL MOSFET) is presented using Germanium Material as Source. The characteristics of Ge-Source DG JL MOSFET are compared with Si-Source and demonstrated by simulating with Sentaurus TCAD Toolkit. Germanium with high mobility and lower band gap provides an improvement in various parameters like On Current (Ion), Off current (Ioff), subthreshold swing (SS), Threshold Voltage (Vth) and Ion-Ioff ratio. The parameter values are improved further for Ge-Source along with High-k Spacer because High-k Dielectric material increases On current and reduces the leakage current.
Expiratory flow limitation during exercise in prepubescent boys and girls: prevalence and implications.

The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence and implications of expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during exercise in boys and girls. Forty healthy, prepubescent boys (B; n=20) and girls (G; n=20) were tested. Subjects completed pulmonary function tests and an incremental cycle maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test. EFL was recorded at the end of each exercise stage using the % tidal volume overlap method. Ventilatory and metabolic data were recorded throughout exercise. Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) was determined via pulse oximetry. Body composition was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. There were no differences (P>0.05) in height, weight, or body composition between boys and girls. At rest, boys had significantly higher lung volumes (total lung capacity, B=2.6+/-0.5 liters, G=2.1+/-0.5 liters) and peak expiratory flow rates (B=3.6+/-0.6 l/s; G=1.6+/-0.3 l/s). Boys also had significantly higher VO2max (B=46.9+/-5.9 ml.kg lean body mass(-1). min(-1), G=41.7+/-6.6 ml.kg lean body mass(-1). min(-1)) and maximal ventilation (B=49.8+/-8.8 l/min, G=41.2+/-8.3 l/min) compared with girls. There were no sex differences (P>0.05) at VO2max in VE /VCO2, end-tidal PCO2, heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, or SpO2. The prevalence (B=19/20 vs. G=18/20) and severity (B=58+/-7% vs. G=43+/-8% tidal volume) of EFL was not significantly different in boys compared with girls at VO2max. A significant relationship existed between % EFL at VO2max and the change in end-expiratory lung volume from rest to maximal exercise in boys (r=0.77) and girls (r=0.75). In summary, our data suggests that EFL is highly and equally prevalent in prepubescent boys and girls during heavy exercise, which led to an increased end-expiratory lung volume but not to decreases in arterial oxygen saturation.
Resource The SH 2 Domain Interaction Landscape

Michele Tinti,1,10 Lars Kiemer,1 Stefano Costa,1 Martin L. Miller,2 Francesca Sacco,1 Jesper V. Olsen,3,4 Martina Carducci,1 Serena Paoluzi,1 Francesca Langone,1 Christopher T. Workman,2 Nikolaj Blom,2,5 Kazuya Machida,6 ChristopherM. Thompson,6 Mike Schutkowski,7,8 Søren Brunak,2,4 MatthiasMann,3,4 Bruce J. Mayer,6 Luisa Castagnoli,1 and Gianni Cesareni1,9,* 1Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy 2Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark 3Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany 4Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health andMedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark 5Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Alle 6, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark 6Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA 7JPT Peptide Technologies GmBH, Volmerstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany 8Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Enzymology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle, Germany 9Istituto Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy 10Present address: MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK *Correspondence: cesareni@uniroma2.it http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.celrep. 2013.03. 001
Centrilobular and panlobular emphysema in smokers. Two distinct morphologic and functional entities.

In order to investigate the hypothesis that different morphologic patterns of disease might correspond to different mechanical properties of the lung in emphysema, pulmonary function tests and lung mechanics were measured in 34 subjects undergoing lung resection for peripheral lung tumors. Using standard microscopic criteria, pure or predominant centrilobular (n = 18) or panlobular (n = 16) emphysema was diagnosed in lungs. The degree of emphysema measured by the mean linear intercept (Lm) was not significantly different between the two groups. However, the coefficient of variation of the interalveolar wall distance (CV) was significantly higher for the same Lm in CLE than in PLE. This indicates that CLE has an uneven pattern of destruction, whereas PLE is more homogeneous. CLE had a higher degree of abnormalities in the small airways (SAD) than did PLE (p less than 0.05) mainly because of significantly higher muscle score (p less than 0.001) and fibrosis. CLE also had a higher proportion of airways less than 400 microns in diameter than did PLE (p less than 0.05). Static compliance, specific compliance, and the exponential constant (K) were significantly lower (p less than 0.005, p less than 0.001, and p less than 0.05, respectively) in CLE than in PLE. FEV1/FVC was significantly correlated with SAD in CLE (r = -0.69, p less than 0.01) but not in PLE (r = 0.29 p greater than 0.05); conversely, FEV1/FVC was significantly correlated with elasticity (K) in PLE (r = -0.72, p less than 0.01) but not in CLE (r = 0.08, p greater than 0.05). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pi-Sigma Neural Network for a One-Step-Ahead temperature Forecasting

The main purpose of this study is to employ Pi-Sigma Neural Network (PSNN) for one-step-ahead temperature forecasting. In this paper, we evaluate the performances of PSNN by comparing the network model with widely used Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). PSNN which is a class of Higher Order Neural Networks (HONN), has a highly regular structure, needs much smaller number of weights and less training time. The PSNN is use to overcome the drawbacks of MLP, which can easily trapped into local minima and prone to overfit. Both network models were trained with standard backpropagation algorithm. Through 1012 experiments, it has been demonstrated that the PSNN has a high practicability and better temperature forecasting for one-step-ahead using historical temperature data of Batu Pahat region.
When relative allocation depends on total resource acquisition: implication for the analysis of trade‐offs

A central tenet of evolutionary biology states that life‐history traits are linked via trade‐offs, as classically exemplified by the van Noordwijk and de Jong model. This model, however, assumes that the relative resource allocation to a biological function varies independently of the total resource acquisition. Based on current empirical evidence, we first explored the dependency between the total resource acquisition and the relative resource allocation to reproduction and showed that such dependency is the rule rather than the exception. We then derived the expression of the covariance between traits when the assumption of independence is relaxed and used simulations to quantify the importance of such dependency on the detection of trade‐offs between current reproduction and future survival. We found that the dependency between the total energy acquisition and the relative allocation to reproduction can influence the probability to detect trade‐offs between survival and reproduction. As a general rule, a negative dependency between the total energy acquisition and the relative allocation to reproduction should lead to a higher probability of detecting a trade‐off in species with a fast pace of life, whereas a positive dependency should lead to a higher probability of detecting a trade‐off in species with a slow pace of life. In addition to confirming the importance of resource variation to reveal trade‐offs, our finding demonstrates that the covariance between resource allocation and resource acquisition is generally not null and also plays a fundamental role in the detection of trade‐offs.
Oxidative Stress and Paraoxonase Status for Coronary Artery Disease in NIDDM patients

Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Oxidative stress is an independent risk factor by inducing production of oxygen free radicals in cardiovascular diseases. Because a relationship may be hypothesized between Paraoxonase [PON] and Malondialdehyde [MDA], the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between PON and oxidative stress in patients with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM] by evaluating MDA concentrations as indexes of oxidative stress. In the present case control study, the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein were high and the levels of high density lipoprotein were low in the NIDDM patients compared to healthy controls. MDA level was significantly high (p<0.05) and antioxidant activity of PON was significantly low (p<0.05) in patients with NIDDM as compared to controls. Our findings suggest the importance of assessing these markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity of PON along with the other routine investigations in NIDDM patients for initiating the consequences of diabetes leading to coronary artery disease.
Beamforming design of sum secrecy rate optimization for MU-MISO channel under sum power constraint

This paper studies the beamforming design problem of a multi-user downlink network, assuming perfect channel state information (CSI) known to the base station (BS). In this scenario, the BS is equipped with multiple antennas, and each user is wiretapped by a specific eavesdropper where each user or eavesdropper is equipped with one antenna. It is supposed that the BS employs transmit beamforming with a given requirement on sum transmitting power. The object is to maximize the sum secrecy rate (SSR) of the network, which leads to a nonconvex complicated structure, and makes he considered beamforming design problem difficult to handle. To solve this problem, a beamforming design scheme is proposed to transform the original problem into a convex approximation problem, by employing semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and first-order approximation technique based on Taylor expansion. Besides, with the advantage of low complexity, a zero-forcing (ZF) based beamforming method is presented in the case that BS is able to nullify he eavesdroppers' rate. Numerical results show that the former strategy achieves better performance than the later one, which is mainly due to the ability of optimizing beamforming direction, and both outperform the traditional signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (SLNR) based algorithm.
Toxoplasma gondii Antigen-Pulsed-Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes Induce a Protective Immune Response against T. gondii Infection

ABSTRACT It was previously demonstrated that immunizing mice with spleen dendritic cells (DCs) that had been pulsed ex vivo with Toxoplasma gondii antigens triggers a systemic Th1-biased specific immune response and induces protection against infection. T. gondii can cause severe sequelae in the fetuses of mothers who acquire the infection during pregnancy, as well as life-threatening neuropathy in immunocompromised patients, in particular those with AIDS. Here, we investigate the efficacy of a novel cell-free vaccine composed of DC exosomes, which are secreted antigen-presenting vesicles that express functional major histocompatibility complex class I and II and T-cell-costimulatory molecules. They have already been shown to induce potent antitumor immune responses. We investigated the potential of DC2.4 cell line-derived exosomes to induce protective immunity against toxoplasmosis. Our data show that most adoptively transferred T. gondii-pulsed DC-derived exosomes were transferred to the spleen, elicited a strong systemic Th1-modulated Toxoplasma-specific immune response in vivo, and conferred good protection against infection. These findings support the possibility that DC-derived exosomes can be used for T. gondii immunoprophylaxis and for immunoprophylaxis against many other pathogens.
Solutions to problems inherent in spoken-language translation: the ATR-MATRIX approach

ATR has built a multi-language speech translation system called ATR-MATRIX. It consists of a spoken-language translation subsystem, which is the focus of this paper, together with a highly accurate speech recognition subsystem and a high-definition speech synthesis subsystem. This paper gives a road map of solutions to the problems inherent in spoken-language translation. Spoken-language translation systems need to tackle difficult problems such as ungrammaticality. contextual phenomena, speech recognition errors, and the high-speeds required for real-time use. We have made great strides towards solving these problems in recent years. Our approach mainly uses an example-based translation model called TDMT. We have added the use of extra-linguistic information, a decision tree learning mechanism, and methods dealing with recognition errors.