Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Efficient, Unifying Approach to Simulation Using Virtual Machines

Due to their popularity and widespread utility; discrete event simulators have been the subject of much research. Systems researchers have built many types of simulation kernels and libraries, while the languages community has designed numerous languages specifically for simulation. In this dissertation, I propose a new approach for constructing simulators that leverages virtual machines and thus combines the advantages of both the traditional systems-based and language-based approaches to simulator construction. I present JiST, a Java-based simulation engine that exemplifies virtual machine-based simulation. JiST executes discrete event simulations by embedding simulation time semantics directly into the Java execution model. The system provides all the standard benefits that the modern Java runtime affords. In addition, JiST is efficient, out-performing existing highly optimized simulation runtimes, and inherently flexible, capable of transparently performing cross-cutting program transformations and optimizations at the bytecode level. I illustrate the practicality of the JiST approach through the construction of SWANS, a scalable wireless ad hoc network simulator that can simulate million node wireless networks, which is more than an order of magnitude in scale over what existing simulators can achieve on equivalent hardware and at the same level of detail.
The development and application of a community maturity model

Knowledge is considered as a strategic resource in the current economic age. Strategies, practices and tools for enhancing knowledge sharing and knowledge management KM in general became one important issue for knowledge-intensive organisations. Despite the demonstrated role of communities in sharing, capturing and creating knowledge, the literature is still missing standards for assessing their maturity. Even if several knowledge-oriented maturity models are provided at the enterprise level, few are focusing on communities as a mechanism for organisations to manage knowledge. This paper proposes a new community maturity model CoMM that was developed during a series of focus group meetings with professional KM experts. This CoMM assesses members' participation and collaboration and the KM capacity of any community. The practitioners were involved in all stages of the maturity model's development in order to maximise the resulting model's relevance and applicability. The model was piloted and subsequently applied within a chief knowledge officers' CKO professional association, as a community, to assess especially knowledge sharing among its members. This paper reports on the development and application of the initial version of CoMM and the associated method to apply it.
Variables to predict engraftment of umbilical cord blood into immunodeficient mice: usefulness of the non‐obese diabetic–severe combined immunodeficient assay

Umbilical cord blood is an alternative stem cell source for patients without matched family donors. In this study, we examined several parameters that have not been studied in detail – radiation dose, cell dose, age of mice, and maternal and neonatal characteristics of the cord blood donor – that affect engraftment of cord blood in non‐obese diabetic–severe combined immunodeficient (NOD–scid) mice. Engraftment, measured using flow cytometry analyses of human CD45+ cells, was highest in 400 cGy‐treated mice. Successful engraftment was demonstrated up to 6 months, with a mean engraftment of 31% (range 0–67%) of human cells in recipient bone marrow. Engraftment was skewed to B lymphocytes. The radiation dose of 350 cGy resulted in superior survival of the murine recipients compared with 400 cGy (P = 0.03). The sex of the NOD–scid recipients had a significant effect on survival (female superior to male, P = 0·01), but not on engraftment. There were high levels of variability among different cord units and among animals injected with the same cord unit. This variability may limit the clinical usefulness of the NOD–scid mice as hosts for the quantification of human stem cells.
Etude Raman des alliages à base de Be ou N, à liaison fortement contrastées : modèle de percolation

Nous proposons dans ce memoire un modele de percolation du type 1 liaison->2 modes pour la comprehension de base des phonons optiques a grande longueur d'onde dans les alliages ternaires/quaternaires a symetrie zinc-blende. Le modele de percolation sans parametre ajustable fonctionne sur la base des memes donnees empiriques necessaires a la mise en ? uvre du modele standard plus simple de type 1 liaison->1 mode, qui repose sur une description de l'alliage en terme de cristal virtuel, c'est-a-dire a desordre moyenne': cependant le modele de percolation prend en compte la transition fractal->normal qui accompagne la transition topologique majeure dispersion->continuum au passage des seuils de percolation des liaisons. Le modele est etabli a partir des ternaires et multinaires impliquant en substitution les elements Be et N de la premiere rangee du tableau periodique, qui ouvrent la classe extremement attrayante des alliages a contraste mecanique. Une version simplifiee est ensuite derivee pour les alliages usuels, c'est a dire qui ne montrent pas de contraste marque entre les proprietes mecaniques des materiaux parents. Cette version est finalement testee a l'aide du systeme GaAs-InAs, ce qui constitue une veritable gageure. Le comportement multi mode extremement controverse de ce systeme stimulant se voit ainsi re examine a la lumiere du modele de percolation, et ce avec beaucoup de profit. Enfin nous realisons, en collaboration avec un theoricien confirme, une etude par des methodes premiers principes des effets de percolation sur les proprietes physiques des liaisons dans ZnBeSe, pour asseoir a l'echelle microscopique les hypotheses de base de notre modele phenomenologique
Throughput Maximization for Block Fading Two-Hop Relay Channels With Non-Ideal Transmitter Circuit Power

This letter studies the throughput maximization problem for a two-hop block fading relay channel over an infinite time horizon. The decode-and-forward relaying scheme is adopted and the non-ideal circuit power is considered. By examining the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions, the optimal power allocation is shown to be with a variational water-filling form, which is jointly determined by the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of both the two links. Moreover, the decision threshold for transmission is derived offline as a function of the non-ideal circuit power, the power budget, and the statistical CSI. Finally, numerical results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the reference one.
Neonatal aspiration lesions of the hippocampal formation impair visual recognition memory when assessed by paired‐comparison task but not by delayed nonmatching‐to‐sample task

Previous experiments showed that neonatal aspiration lesions of the hippocampal formation in monkeys yield no visual recognition loss at delays up to 10 min, when recognition memory was assessed by a trial‐unique delayed nonmatching‐to‐sample (DNMS) task. The present study examined whether neonatal hippocampal lesions also have no effect on visual recognition when assessed by a visual paired‐comparison (VPC) task. In the VPC task, animals are looking at visual stimuli and their preference for viewing new stimuli is measured. Normal adult monkeys showed strong preference for looking at the novel stimuli at all delays tested. By contrast, adult monkeys with neonatal hippocampal lesions, which included the dentate gyrus, cornus ammon (CA) fields, subicular complex, and portions of parahippocampal areas TH/TF, showed preference for novelty at short delays of 10 s but not at longer delays of 30 s to 24 h. This visual recognition loss contrasts with the normal performance of the same operated animals when tested in the DNMS task. The discrepancy between the results obtained in the two recognition tasks suggests that, to perform normally on the DNMS task, the operated monkeys may have used behavioral strategies that do not depend on the integrity of the hippocampal formation. In this respect, VPC appears to be a more sensitive task than DNMS to detect damage to the hippocampal region in primates. Hippocampus 1999;9:609–616. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How are Simulations Used in Security Sector Training in Finland

This article will describe a research project concerning the use of learning simulations in security sector training organisations supervised by the Ministry of the Interior in Finland. Information will be gathered about the use of simulations in basic degree training of the Border and Coast Guard Academy, Crisis Management Centre Finland, the Police University College and the Emergency Services College. The aim of the research project is to establish a common and pedagogically grounded view of the use of simulations as a teaching method. A common language and a basis for cooperation inside and amongst the training organisations will be created.
THE MOLECULAR CLOCK AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POPULATION SIZE AND GENERATION TIME

A rule of thumb in population genetics is that population size (N) and generation time (g) across taxa are inversely related. This relationship played a prominent role in the development of the neutral theory of molecular evolution because it was used by Ohta to explain why a molecular clock is compatible with the theory (Ohta, 1977, 1987; Kimura, 1979, 1983; Ohta and Tachida, 1990). However, such a relationship has never been documented. Nei and Graur (1984) failed to find a significant correlation in the only known attempt to test the relationship. They did not, however, test for a correlation between log(N) and log(g), which is the relationship required to produce a molecular clock in Ohta's original model (Ohta, 1977; Kimura, 1979, 1983). We have reanalyzed Nei and Graur's data set and report a significant negative correlation between log(N) and log(g).
Logic of experiments in ecology: is pseudoreplication a pseudoissue?

Hurlbert divides experimental ecologist into ‘those who do not see any need for dispersion (of replicated treatments and controls), and those who do recognize its importance and take whatever measures are necessary to achieve a good dose of it’. Experimental ecologists could also be divided into those who do not see any problems with sacrificing spatial and temporal scales in order to obtain replication, and those who understand that appropriate scale must always have priority over replication. If an experiment is conducted in a spatial or temporal scale, where the predictions of contesting hypotheses are convergent or ambiguous, no amount of technical impeccability can make the work instructive. Conversely, replication can always be obtained afterwards, by conducting more experiments with basically similar design in different areas and by using meta-analysis. This approach even reduces the sampling bias obtained if resources are allocated to a small number of well-replicated experiments. For a strict advocate of the hypothetico-deductive method, replication is unnecessary even as a matter of principle, unless the predicted response is so weak that random background noise is a plausible excuse for a discrepancy between predictions and results. By definition, a prediction is an ‘all-statement’, referring to all systems within a well-defined category. What applies to all must apply to any. Hence, choosing two systems and assigning them randomly to a treatment and a control is normally an adequate design for a deductive experiment. The strength of such experiments depends on the firmness of the predictions and their a priori probability of corroboration. Replication is but one of many ways of reducing this probability. Whether the experiment is replicated or not, inferential statistics should always be used, to enable the reader to judge how well the apparent patterns in samples reflect real patterns in statistical populations. The concept ‘pseudoreplication’ amounts to entirely unwarranted stigmatization of a reasonable way to test predictions referring to large-scale systems.
Catch My Drift: Elevating Situation Awareness for Highly Automated Driving with an Explanatory Windshield Display User Interface

Broad access to automated cars (ACs) that can reliably and unconditionally drive in all environments is still some years away. Urban areas pose a particular challenge to ACs, since even perfectly reliable systems may be forced to execute sudden reactive driving maneuvers in hard-to-predict hazardous situations. This may negatively surprise the driver, possibly causing discomfort, anxiety or loss of trust, which might be a risk for the acceptance of the technology in general. To counter this, we suggest an explanatory windshield display interface with augmented reality (AR) elements to support driver situation awareness (SA). It provides the driver with information about the car’s perceptive capabilities and driving decisions. We created a prototype in a human-centered approach and implemented the interface in a mixed-reality driving simulation. We conducted a user study to assess its influence on driver SA. We collected objective SA scores and self-ratings, both of which yielded a significant improvement with our interface in good (medium effect) and in bad (large effect) visibility conditions. We conclude that explanatory AR interfaces could be a viable measure against unwarranted driver discomfort and loss of trust in critical urban situations by elevating SA.
High-speed Detection of Ontological Knowledge and Bi-directional Lexico-Syntactic Patterns from the Web

We propose a high-speed method of detecting ontological knowledge from the Web. Ontological knowledge in this paper means a term related to a given term. For example, hypernyms and hyponyms are basic related terms that are treated in dictionaries. Synonyms and coordinate terms are also well-defined related terms. Topic terms and description terms represent topics of the given term and they are vaguely defined. There are other related terms such as abbreviations and nicknames. The proposed method can be used for detecting many kinds of related terms. It extracts related terms from text resources only from Web search results, which consist of the titles, snippets, and URLs of Web pages. We use two different kinds of lexico-syntactic patterns to extract related terms from the search results, and these are called bi-directional lexico-syntactic patterns. The proposed method can be applied to both languages where words are separated by a space such as English and Korean and ones where words are not separated by a space such as Japanese and Chinese. The proposed method does not need any advanced natural language processing such as morphological analysis or syntactic parsing. It works relatively fast and has excellent precision. We also propose a method of automatically discovering superior bi-directional lexico-syntactic patterns using Web search engines because it is sometimes difficult to find appropriate patterns to detect related terms in a certain relationship.
The corporation : investment, mergers, and growth

1. Introduction 2. Entrepreneurial Capitalism 3. The Nature of the Firm 4. The Schumpeterian Firm 5. The Managerial corporation 6. Corporate Governance 7. Investment 8. The Determinants of Mergers 9. The Effects of Mergers 10. Conclusion
Heterozygous PTCH1 Mutations Impact the Bone Metabolism in Patients With Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome Likely by Regulating SPARC Expression

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by bone and skin abnormalities and a predisposition to various tumors. Keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs), which are common tumors of the jaw that cause extensive damage to the jawbone, are usually accompanied with NBCCS. Germline PTCH1 mutations in NBCCS tumorigenesis have been frequently studied; however, little is known regarding the pathogenesis of bone abnormalities in this disease. This study sought to investigate the mechanism underlying heterozygous PTCH1 mutation‐mediated abnormal bone metabolism in patients with NBCCS. Stromal cells were isolated from the fibrous capsules of patients with NBCCS‐associated or non‐syndromic keratocystic odontogenic tumors and non‐syndromic tumor stromal cells without PTCH1 mutations served as controls. Germline PTCH1 heterozygous mutations were confirmed in all NBCCS samples and differential protein expression was identified using tandem mass tag‐labeled proteomics analysis. Our findings revealed that osteonectin/SPARC expression was significantly downregulated in syndromic stromal cells compared with non‐syndromic stromal cells. SPARC expression was even lower in stromal cells carrying PTCH1 protein truncation mutations. PTCH1 siRNA transfection demonstrated that SPARC downregulation correlates with decreased PTCH1 expression. Furthermore, exogenous SPARC promoted osteogenic differentiation of syndromic stromal cells with enhanced development of calcium nodules. In addition, bone mineral density tests showed that patients with NBCCS exhibit weak bone mass compared with sex‐ and age‐matched controls. This study indicates that germline PTCH1 heterozygous mutations play a major role in bone metabolism in patients with NBCCS, in particular in those with PTCH1 protein truncation mutations. SPARC may represent an important downstream modulator of PTCH1 mediation of bone metabolism. Thus, bone mineral density monitoring is critical for patients with NBCCS for prevention of osteoporosis. In addition, surgical procedures on syndromic‐associated KCOTs should be performed with consideration of the weaker bone mass in such patients. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
DTC Drives for Wide Speed Range Applications Using a Robust Flux-Weakening Algorithm

A control scheme for robust flux-weakening operation of direct-torque-control induction motor drive is proposed. The basic idea is to adjust the flux reference on the basis of the torque error, thus determining a spontaneous flux weakening. To exploit the maximum torque capability, it is necessary to estimate the maximum torque that the induction machine is able to generate at any speed. Initially, a basic version of the algorithm, requiring a simple off-line parameter tuning, is presented. Then, the algorithm is improved and completed with the online estimation of the maximum torque, hence avoiding the initial tuning process. The main features of the proposed methods are a little dependence on machine parameters and a smooth transition into and out of the flux-weakening operation mode. Experimental tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the control schemes.
A CHEMICAL BASIS FOR THE HOST-INDUCED MODIFICATION OF T-EVEN BACTERIOPHAGES.

In fact, we have recently produced T*-like phage by growth on two galmutants of E. coli K-12 (isolated by Miss June Rothman), which are unable to utilize glucose as a carbon source but have normal levels of hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, and UDPG-PPase. The genetic defect in these strains is not in the gal operon and probably concerns the ability to synthesize endogenous glucose-6-phosphate. Summary. -Growth of the phages T2 and T4 in E. coli mutant strains defective in the enzyme UDPG-pyrophosphorylase yields phage particles of the T* type, whose DNA contains only about 10 per cent as much glucose as that of normal phage. T* phages fail to multiply in their normal E. coli hosts, but can reproduce in S. dysenteriae strain Sh.
Three Essays on an Emerging Financial Market

This dissertation examines the impact of retail trading, price limit rule and market opening on the Chinese stock market. The Chinese stock market is the second largest in the world based on market capital. In addition, it has a daily average turnover eight times of the US stock market. It also has a price limit rule which limits its daily fluctuation. Furthermore, retail investors play an important role in the Chinese stock market, meaning its investor structure is different from that of developed stock markets. In the first chapter, I explore the impact of the breadth of ownership on stock returns and turnovers in the Chinese A share market. Using data in the period of 2002-2017, I find that firms with a higher breadth of ownership and a higher change in the breadth of ownership have lower returns and higher average daily turnovers in the subsequent quarter. Furthermore, firms with a higher breadth of ownership have a stronger reversal effect in returns and a stronger negative relationship between turnovers and subsequent returns. Moreover, adding the breadth and the change of breadth factors to a six-factor model improves the explanatory power of excess returns, this improvement is mainly provided by the change of breadth factor. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that retail investors are attentionmotivated traders and their trading behavior causes overreaction and mispricing in the Chinese stock market. In the second chapter, I explore the impact of the Chinese price limit policy on
Professional accountability in a changing world

The context in which medicine is practised in Britain has changed beyond all recognition since the profession took its first strides into the comprehensive system of heath care enshrined in the postwar ideal of a national health service. For the first 40 years of the National Health Service the accountability of doctors was to their patients and to a broad and non-specific professional code. The NHS at first provided a setting where doctors could “exercise their skills with almost complete autonomy”. 1 There has been a major change of emphasis during the last 15 years. The advent of managed care in the mid-1980s2 led to clinicians gaining responsibility and accountability for their own budgets and for service directorates at a time when there were few existing channels of accountability. In the early 1990s charters and service quality guarantees were generated3 as the rights of service users were acknowledged, defined, and documented. The philosophy of evidence based medicine4 raised an expectation and created the requirement that clinical decisions be based on what was known to be effective, rather than on individual clinical preference. This was operationalised partly through the production of evidence based guidelines5 for an increasing number of diseases and patient groups. The last decade has brought a broader exposition of the principles of good practice and conduct. In so doing an obligation has been placed on clinicians to meet more explicit and higher professional standards.6 A statutory duty of quality placed on all NHS organisations in the late 1990s is being implemented through the concept of clinical governance.7 All these changes have highlighted the duty of clinicians to continuously strive to develop professionally—to acquire and retain clinical skills, to access and use best evidence, to participate in planning for quality, and …
A statistical model of erratic erase based on an automated random telegraph signal characterization technique

We propose a new statistical model of the erratic erase based on a new RTS analysis technique. The experimental analysis revealed new interesting features of the erratic erase phenomenon. The overall erased threshold voltage distribution, including tail bits, can be modeled by taking into account the erratic erase behavior whose characteristics can easily be measured by common cycling experiments. The statistical model of the erased threshold voltage obtained in this way can then be used to perform statistical simulation of the bitline leakage current, thus providing a powerful tool in memory design and optimization.