Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paillier's encryption: Implementation and cloud applications

Paillier's additive homomorphic encryption is increasingly used in recent research in the field of cloud secure outsourcing and privacy-preserving computation in addition to other cryptographic tools such as garbled circuits. In this paper, we review Paillier's encryption and its application to privacy-preserving computation outsourcing and secure online voting. We present a new implementation of Paillier's cryptosystem using Python as for interface language and fast GMP C-routines for arithmetic operations.
Aboriginal perspectives understanding and comparing the lived experiences and resilience of aboriginal men and women attending higher education

Through an in-depth examination and review of the traumatic impact of colonialism and oppression faced by Aboriginal peoples, trends being to appear within the literature. These trends include the intergenerational cycles that foster negative outcomes for Aboriginal Peoples, specifically for those who were forced to endure the physical, emotional, mental, spiritual and sexual abuse within the Residential school system. The survivors of this era experience lifelong trauma which is then passed on through the generations to their children, grand-children, great grand-children etc. The numbers of Aboriginal students attending University level, higher education are increasingly low and the research has indicated that this is, in large part, due to the impact of the residential school system and the outlook that Aboriginal Peoples now have towards the education system. Factors of resiliency both positive and negative are described throughout. Positive resiliency, from a western perspective, include the ability to overcome adversity (Scarpino, 2007). This research project utilizes a qualitative method of open-ended one-on-one interviews with Aboriginal men and women who are students at Laurentian University in order to better understand their lived experiences and the aspects that have fostered positive resiliency for them to pursue higher education.
Gröbner–Shirshov Bases for Lie Superalgebras and Their Universal Enveloping Algebras

Abstract We show that a set of monic polynomials in a free Lie superalgebra is a Grobner–Shirshov basis for a Lie superalgebra if and only if it is a Grobner–Shirshov basis for its universal enveloping algebra. We investigate the structure of Grobner–Shirshov bases for Kac–Moody superalgebras and give explicit constructions of Grobner–Shirshov bases for classical Lie superalgebras.
On the Evaluation of Video Keyframe Summaries using User Ground Truth

Given the great interest in creating keyframe summaries from video, it is surprising how little has been done to formalise their evaluation and comparison. User studies are often carried out to demonstrate that a proposed method generates a more appealing summary than one or two rival methods. But larger comparison studies cannot feasibly use such user surveys. Here we propose a discrimination capacity measure as a formal way to quantify the improvement over the uniform baseline, assuming that one or more ground truth summaries are available. Using the VSUMM video collection, we examine 10 video feature types, including CNN and SURF, and 6 methods for matching frames from two summaries. Our results indicate that a simple frame representation through hue histograms suffices for the purposes of comparing keyframe summaries. We subsequently propose a formal protocol for comparing summaries when ground truth is available.
Detecting Faces Using Inside Cascaded Contextual CNN

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) achieve substantial improvements in face detection in the wild. Classical CNN-based face detection methods simply stack successive layers of filters where an input sample should pass through all layers before reaching a face/non-face decision. Inspired by the fact that for face detection, filters in deeper layers can discriminate between difficult face/non-face samples while those in shallower layers can efficiently reject simple non-face samples, we propose Inside Cascaded Structure that introduces face/non-face classifiers at different layers within the same CNN. In the training phase, we propose data routing mechanism which enables different layers to be trained by different types of samples, and thus deeper layers can focus on handling more difficult samples compared with traditional architecture. In addition, we introduce a two-stream contextual CNN architecture that leverages body part information adaptively to enhance face detection. Extensive experiments on the challenging FD-DB and WIDER FACE benchmarks demonstrate that our method achieves competitive accuracy to the state-of-the-art techniques while keeps real time performance.
On the propagation of low‐frequency fluctuations in the plasma sheet: 1. Cluster observations and magnetohydrodynamic analysis

[1] Low-frequency pressure and magnetic oscillations observed by Cluster in the plasma sheet are investigated with the aim of determining if they are magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) eigenmodes. We analyze the plasma sheet crossing occurring on 22 August 2001, as the magnetosphere was first quiet and then active, and compare the observations with theoretical results concerning the MHD propagation in a Harris sheet. The theory shows that the eigenmodes have periods scaled by a characteristic time, τ, equal to the ratio between (1) the thickness of the sheet and (2) the sound speed. Using the Cluster 4 spacecraft, we estimate the sheet thickness and determine this characteristic time. It is compared with the typical periods of the fluctuations deduced from a wavelet analysis. During the quiet period, the fluctuations have periods larger than 100 s or 15τ. Discrete MHD eigenmodes with such periods would have wavelengths larger than the distance separating Cluster from Earth (18 RE). Thus they are very unlikely interpreted as freely propagating eigenmodes. However, fluctuations of shorter periods (∼20 s) are observed during and just after the substorm onset. We demonstrate that they are compatible with the fundamental MHD eigenmode (kink-like mode) of the sheet, with a wavelength of ∼5–6 RE, their direction of propagation being not determined at this stage of the analysis. We thus conclude that freely propagating MHD eigenmodes observable by Cluster would have periods that hardly exceed a minute for typical plasma sheet parameters (thickness of 1 RE, temperature of a few keV).
New Dandelion Algorithm Optimizes Extreme Learning Machine for Biomedical Classification Problems

Inspired by the behavior of dandelion sowing, a new novel swarm intelligence algorithm, namely, dandelion algorithm (DA), is proposed for global optimization of complex functions in this paper. In DA, the dandelion population will be divided into two subpopulations, and different subpopulations will undergo different sowing behaviors. Moreover, another sowing method is designed to jump out of local optimum. In order to demonstrate the validation of DA, we compare the proposed algorithm with other existing algorithms, including bat algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and enhanced fireworks algorithm. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm seems much superior to other algorithms. At the same time, the proposed algorithm can be applied to optimize extreme learning machine (ELM) for biomedical classification problems, and the effect is considerable. At last, we use different fusion methods to form different fusion classifiers, and the fusion classifiers can achieve higher accuracy and better stability to some extent.
Reliablität der visuellen Schlafauswertung nach Rechtschaffen und Kales von acht Aufzeichnungen durch neun Schlaflabore

ZusammenfassungFragestellungDie visuelle Auswertung der Schlafstadien nach Rechtschaffen und Kales weist eine begrenzte Interrater-Reliabilität auf. Es wurde die Interrater-Reliabilität einer computergestützten visuellen Auswertung bei neun akkreditierten Schlaflaboren in Deutschland untersucht. MethodeFür den Vergleich wurden acht kardiorespiratorische Polysomnographien (drei Probanden, drei Apnoe-Patienten, zwei PLMS-Patienten) auf CD-ROM mit einem programm zur Darstellung und Auswertung am Computermonitor zur Verfügung gestellt. Es wurden die quantitativen Werte (Schlafperiodendauer, Gesamtschlafdauer, Latenzen und Anteile der Schlafstadien) verglichen. Ein Vergleich auf der Basis der einzelnen Epochen erfolgte durch Bestimmung des Fleiss-Kappa-Koeffizienten.ErgebnisseNeun Schlaflabore sandten jeweils alle acht Auswertungen für einen systematischen Vergleich zurück. Bereits der Vergleich der quantitativen Werte zeigte eine sehr hohe Variabilität. Diese war bei den Patienten noch ausgeprägter als bei den Probanden. Bezogen auf den Vergleich einzelner Epochen fand sich die beste Übereinstimmung für REM-Schlaf und die schlechteste für NREM1. Die Übereinstimmung ist generell bei den Patienten schlechter und muss bei Apnoe-Patienten mit k≤0,40 als schwach bezeichnet werden.SchlussfolgerungDie Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Schulung in der visuellen Auswertung der Schlafstadien intensiviert werden muss und dass außerdem Interpretationshilfen für die Bewertung der Schlafstadient bei Schlafapnoe erarbeitet werden müssen. SummaryQuestion of the studyThe visual evaluation of sleep stages according to Rechtschaffen and Kales has a limited inter-rater reliability. We wanted to study the inter-rater reliability of a computer-based visual sleep scoring system in nine accredited sleep centres in Germany.Patients and methodsFor the comparison of sleep scorings, we used eight cardiorespiratory polysomnographic recordings (three healthy volunteers, three apnoea patients, two PLMS patients) on a CD-ROM together with a computer program for display and scoring. We compared the common quantitative values (sleep period time, total sleep time, latencies and time spent in the individual sleep stages). An additional comparison was based on the single epoch scoring using the Fleiss kappa coefficient.ResultsNine sleep laboratories completed all eight scorings in order to enable a systematic comparison. The comparison of the quantitative values already revealed a very high variability. This was even higher in patients compared with healthy volunteers. The epoch-based comparison gave the best reliability for REM sleep and the worst for stage NREM1. In general, reliability was lower in patients, being worst in apnoea patients with a k≤0.40, which may be called weak reliability.ConclusionsThe results prove that the training in visual sleep scoring needs to be intensified in accredited sleep laboratories. The results also underline the need for developing additional rules to score sleep stages in patients with sleep apnoea.
A partially functional 245-amino-acid internal deletion derivative of Escherichia coli sigma 70

Two hundred forty-five consecutive amino acids of the sigma 70 subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase are not conserved in the homologous protein of Bacillus subtilis. We show that their deletion from a sigma 70-32 hybrid protein caused no severe loss of function in vivo, while sigma 70 itself retained considerable function in vitro.
Automatic region of interest determination in music videos

With the advent of third generation (3G) mobile devices, there is an increasing demand for intelligent display techniques to deliver better viewing experience to small mobile devices users. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for region of interest (ROI) determination in music videos. The most important issue is how to determine ROI under various illumination conditions. We employ the gray-world assumption to estimate and remove the light source color and reconstruct the color space by using hue information. Based on the reconstructed color space, we propose a new method to determine ROI by using the model of attractive force. The proposed method is tested on various music videos to confirm the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.
The difference in pulse transit time to the toe and finger measured by photoplethysmography.

Blood pressure pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a parameter which is related to arterial distensibility. Its direct assessment, by measuring the appearance time of a pressure pulse in two sites along an artery and the distance between the two sites, is complicated and inaccurate. In the current study, pulse transit time (PTT) to the toes and fingers of 44 normotensive male subjects was measured by photoplethysmography (PPG) and ECG. The arrival time of the pulses at the toe and finger was determined from the foot of the systolic rise of the PPG signal, i.e. at end-diastolic time. Two parameters, which are related to PWV, were tested: the time delay between the ECG R-wave and the arrival time of the pulses at the toe (E-T PTT), and the difference in the transit time of the blood pressure pulses between the toe and finger (T-F PTTD). E-T PTT and T-F PTTD decreased as functions of the subject's age and systolic blood pressure (SBP), but their dependence on the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was not statistically significant. The decrease of the PTT parameters with age is attributed to the direct structural decrease of the arterial compliance with age and not to functional effects associated with the increase of the blood pressure with age, since the PTT parameters did not depend on DBP though the measurements were performed at end-diastole.
A study on face tracking in real-time for robot

This paper proposed the face detection and tracking system using a embedded computing system for humanoid robot environment which allows the user to observe of recognize an unknown person. For detection faces in image sequence, the system uses the skin color model and deformable ellipse matching. Faces in a view are detected by maximizing the image gradient magnitude around the perimeter of the ellipse (or face line) and the number of skin color pixels in the ellipse area. The information of detected face regions are stored on-line into a face state table and are evaluated for tracking in real-time. Results of this processing are applied to embedded humanoid robot The applied robot acts to detect human's fate and react to it. After this processing, the result is sent to embedded humanoid robot through zigbee wireless module. The robot that got this data acts to detect human's face and react to it.
Unilateral Neglect Influences the Postural Adjustments After Stroke

Regaining the ability to sit or to stand after a hemiplegic stroke requires significant postural adjustments that may be more difficult in the presence of unilateral neglect. To determine if this is the case, we assessed the motor and sensory functions and unilateral neglect in fifty consecutive patients with unilateral cerebral stroke. We correlated these impairments with the patient's ability to sit and to stand during the period of recovery from the acute insult. We found that unilateral neglect has an independent detrimental influence on the post-stroke postural adjustments required to perform these tasks. This decreased adaptability of the postural control system may be mediated by the effects of both personal and extra-personal neglect on an already reduced sensorimotor information.
Self-Monitoring and Locus of Control as Determinants of Social Interaction: A Preliminary Investigation.

Researchers on the relationship between self-monitoring and locus of control haveconsistently shown low correlations. In this study social cognitive orientations of highand low self-monitors having either an external or internal locus of control throughanalysis of their social interaction patterns were examined. The low correlation betweenself-monitoring and locus of control was upheld while consistent differences emerged between the 4 groups. High self-monitors who were external maintained awide range of numerous contacts while high and low internals preferred a moderate levelof intimate or task related contacts. Low self-monitoring externals clearly maintained arestricted and unsatisfying range of contacts. The results were interpreted as evidencingmotivational differences important for the understanding of the relationship between the2 constructs.
Planning to Gather Information

We describe Occam, a query planning algorithm that determines the best way to integrate data from di erent sources. As input, Occam takes a library of site descriptions and a user query. As output, Occam automatically generates one or more plans that encode alternative ways to gather the requested information. Occam has several important features: (1) it integrates both legacy systems and full relational databases with an e cient, domain-independent, query-planning algorithm, (2) it reasons about the capabilities of di erent information sources, (3) it handles partial goal satisfaction i.e., gathers as much data as possible when it can't gather exactly all that the user requested, (4) it is both sound and complete, (5) it is e cient. We present empirical results demonstrating Occam's performance on a variety of information gathering tasks.
Prefetch throttling and data pinning for improving performance of shared caches

In this paper, we (i) quantify the impact of compiler-directed I/O prefetching on shared caches at I/O nodes. The experimental data collected shows that while I/O prefetching brings some benefits, its effectiveness reduces significantly as the number of clients (compute nodes) is increased; (ii) identify inter-client misses due to harmful I/O prefetches as one of the main sources for this reduction in performance with increased number of clients; and (iii) propose and experimentally evaluate prefetch throttling and data pinning schemes to improve performance of I/O prefetching. Prefetch throttling prevents one or more clients from issuing further prefetches if such prefetches are predicted to be harmful, i.e., replace from the memory cache the useful data accessed by other clients. Data pinning on the other hand makes selected data blocks immune to harmful prefetches by pinning them in the memory cache. We show that these two schemes can be applied in isolation or combined together, and they can be applied at a coarse or fine granularity. Our experiments with these two optimizations using four disk-intensive applications reveal that they can improve performance by 9.7% and 15.1% on average, over standard compiler-directed I/O prefetching and no-prefetch case, respectively, when 8 clients are used.
Counting Care Work: The Empirical and Policy Applications of Care Theory

The adequate provision of quality care to the elderly, children, and those who are ill or disabled is one of the pressing social problems of our time. Despite the far-reaching formulations of care in the theoretical realm, advocacy and policy-making efforts around care work remain largely atomized. Translating the wide-ranging insights of care scholarship into tools for public policy solutions requires a practical application of the concept as well as empirical measurement. In this article, we integrate the insights of care theory with feminist economic analysis to conceptualize care as a single sector at the foundation of the state's human infrastructure. We then measure the scope of care work across paid work, unpaid labor, and government investment in one U.S. state. We estimate that the care sector in Massachusetts comprises 22 percent of the paid labor force, 20 percent of the average resident's daily time, and 57 percent of state and local government spending. Such data gives policy makers and advocates an empirical foundation to make a case for the human and economic impact of the care sector and to build on framing a broader vision of care policy. Strengthening the human infrastructure in Massachusetts and elsewhere is an economic and ethical imperative, and our goal is to provide both empirical data and a practically useful conceptual frame that can be used as tools by those working towards the social transformation of care.
Unraveling Executive Functioning in Dual Diagnosis

In mental health, the term dual-diagnosis is used for the co-occurrence of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) with another mental disorder. These co-occurring disorders can have a shared cause, and can cause/intensify each other’s expression. Forming a threat to health and society, dual-diagnosis is associated with relapses in addiction-related behavior and a destructive lifestyle. This is due to a persistent failure to control impulses and the maintaining of inadequate self-regulatory behavior in daily life. Thus, several aspects of executive functioning like inhibitory, shifting and updating processes seem impaired in dual-diagnosis. Executive (dys-)function is currently even seen as a shared underlying key component of most mental disorders. However, the number of studies on diverse aspects of executive functioning in dual-diagnosis is limited. In the present review, a systematic overview of various aspects of executive functioning in dual-diagnosis is presented, striving for a prototypical profile of patients with dual-diagnosis. Looking at empirical results, inhibitory and shifting processes appear to be impaired for SUD combined with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or cluster B personality disorders. Studies involving updating process tasks for dual-diagnosis were limited. More research that zooms in to the full diversity of these executive functions is needed in order to strengthen these findings. Detailed insight in the profile of strengths and weaknesses that underlies one’s behavior and is related to diagnostic classifications, can lead to tailor-made assessment and indications for treatment, pointing out which aspects need attention and/or training in one’s self-regulative abilities.
Surface Coat Remodeling during Differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei*

African trypanosomes (Trypanosoma brucei) are digenetic parasites whose lifecycle alternates between the mammalian bloodstream and the midgut of the tsetse fly vector. In mammals, proliferating long slender parasites transform into non-diving short stumpy forms, which differentiate into procyclic forms when ingested by the tsetse fly. A hallmark of differentiation is the replacement of the bloodstream stage surface coat composed of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) with a new coat composed of procylin. An undefined endoprotease and endogenous glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (GPI-PLC) have been implicated in releasing the old VSG coat. However, GPI hydrolysis has been considered unimportant because (i) GPI-PLC null mutants are fully viable and (ii) cytosolic GPI-PLC is localized away from cell surface VSG. Utilizing an in vitro differentiation assay with pleomorphic strains we have investigated these modes of VSG release. Shedding is initially by GPI hydrolysis, which ultimately accounts for a substantial portion of total release. Surface biotinylation assays indicate that GPI-PLC does gain access to extracellular VSG, suggesting that this mode is primed in the starting short stumpy population. Proteolytic release is up-regulated during differentiation and is stereoselectively inhibited by peptidomimetic collagenase inhibitors, implicating a zinc metalloprotease. This protease may be related to TbMSP-B, a trypanosomal homologue of Leishmania major surface protease (MSP) described in the accompanying paper (LaCount, D. J., Gruszynski, A. E., Grandgenett, P. M., Bangs, J. D., and Donelson, J. E. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 24658–24664). Overall, our results demonstrate that surface coat remodeling during differentiation has multiple mechanisms and that GPI-PLC plays a more significant role in VSG release than previously thought.