Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning binary or real-valued time-series via spike-timing dependent plasticity

A dynamic Boltzmann machine (DyBM) has been proposed as a model of a spiking neural network, and its learning rule of maximizing the log-likelihood of given time-series has been shown to exhibit key properties of spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP), which had been postulated and experimentally confirmed in the field of neuroscience as a learning rule that refines the Hebbian rule. Here, we relax some of the constraints in the DyBM in a way that it becomes more suitable for computation and learning. We show that learning the DyBM can be considered as logistic regression for binary-valued time-series. We also show how the DyBM can learn real-valued data in the form of a Gaussian DyBM and discuss its relation to the vector autoregressive (VAR) model. The Gaussian DyBM extends the VAR by using additional explanatory variables, which correspond to the eligibility traces of the DyBM and capture long term dependency of the time-series. Numerical experiments show that the Gaussian DyBM significantly improves the predictive accuracy over VAR.
Spectrum of a Linearized Amplitude Equation for Alternans in a Cardiac Fiber

Under rapid periodic pacing, cardiac cells typically undergo a period-doubling bifurcation in which action potentials of short and long duration alternate with one another. If these action potentials propagate in a fiber, the short-long alternation may suffer reversals of phase at various points along the fiber, a phenomenon called (spatially) discordant alternans. Either stationary or moving patterns are possible. Using a weak approximation, Echebarria and Karma proposed an equation to describe the spatiotemporal dynamics of small-amplitude alternans in a class of simple cardiac models, and they showed that an instability in this equation predicts the spontaneous formation of discordant alternans. To study the bifurcation, they computed the spectrum of the relevant linearized operator numerically, supplemented with partial analytical results. In the present paper we calculate this spectrum with purely analytical methods in two cases where a small parameter may be exploited: (i) small dispersion or (ii) a.
Analysing professional work in the public sector: the case of NHS nurses

Analysis of the terms profession and professional is problematic, and this limits our understanding of professionalisation as a process. On the one hand, there seem to be no necessary or sufficient criteria to define a professional, yet there are undeniable status markers between existing professions. This paper suggests that confusion arises because of the legacy of naive functionalism. Naive functionalism describes a focus on work content at the expense of understanding interactions between professionals and organizations, and interactions between professions and society. Acknowledging the role of these interactions allows social scientists to continue to use these terms in an analytic sense. This is illustrated in relation to the professionalisation of nurses.
Fuzzy Inference System based Contrast Enhancement

In this work, we propose a fuzzy inference system based contrast enhancement of gray level images. We propose a new method of generating the fuzzy if-then rules specific to a given image based on the local information available to be used by a fuzzy inference system. To this end, we only generate a partial histogram and not a complete histogram thus saving on computational costs. We also give a compartive study of our approach and some classical and existing fuzzy techniques, and show that the enhanced images from the proposed algorithm are comparable.
Secure Communication Based on Ambient Audio

We propose to establish a secure communication channel among devices based on similar audio patterns. Features from ambient audio are used to generate a shared cryptographic key between devices without exchanging information about the ambient audio itself or the features utilized for the key generation process. We explore a common audio-fingerprinting approach and account for the noise in the derived fingerprints by employing error correcting codes. This fuzzy-cryptography scheme enables the adaptation of a specific value for the tolerated noise among fingerprints based on environmental conditions by altering the parameters of the error correction and the length of the audio samples utilized. In this paper, we experimentally verify the feasibility of the protocol in four different realistic settings and a laboratory experiment. The case studies include an office setting, a scenario where an attacker is capable of reproducing parts of the audio context, a setting near a traffic loaded road, and a crowded canteen environment. We apply statistical tests to show that the entropy of fingerprints based on ambient audio is high. The proposed scheme constitutes a totally unobtrusive but cryptographically strong security mechanism based on contextual information.
On quasinormal modes of small Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter black hole

We compute the quasinormal modes associated with decay of the massless scalar filed around a small Schwarzschild-Anti-de-Sitter black hole. The computations shows that when the horizon radius is much less than the anti-de-Sitter radius, the imaginary part of the frequency goes to zero as $r_+^{d-2}$ while the real part of $\omega$ decreases to its minimum and then goes to $d-1$. Thus the quasinormal modes approach the usual AdS modes in the limit $r_+ -> 0$. This agrees with suggestions of Horowitz et al (Phys.Rev. D62 024027 (2000)).
Pupil dilation as an index of preferred mutual gaze duration

Most animals look at each other to signal threat or interest. In humans, this social interaction is usually punctuated with brief periods of mutual eye contact. Deviations from this pattern of gazing behaviour generally make us feel uncomfortable and are a defining characteristic of clinical conditions such as autism or schizophrenia, yet it is unclear what constitutes normal eye contact. Here, we measured, across a wide range of ages, cultures and personality types, the period of direct gaze that feels comfortable and examined whether autonomic factors linked to arousal were indicative of people's preferred amount of eye contact. Surprisingly, we find that preferred period of gaze duration is not dependent on fundamental characteristics such as gender, personality traits or attractiveness. However, we do find that subtle pupillary changes, indicative of physiological arousal, correlate with the amount of eye contact people find comfortable. Specifically, people preferring longer durations of eye contact display faster increases in pupil size when viewing another person than those preferring shorter durations. These results reveal that a person's preferred duration of eye contact is signalled by physiological indices (pupil dilation) beyond volitional control that may play a modulatory role in gaze behaviour.
The Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method

The Material Point Method (MPM) discrete solution procedure for computational solid mechanics is generalized using a variational form and a Petrov- Galerkin discretization scheme, resulting in a family of methods named the Generalized Interpolation Material Point (GIMP) methods. The generalization permits iden- tification with aspects of other point or node based dis- crete solution techniques which do not use a body-fixed grid, i.e. the "meshless methods". Similarities are noted and some practical advantages relative to some of these methods are identified. Examples are used to demon- strate and explain numerical artifact noise which can be expected in MPM calculations. This noise results in non- physical local variations at the material points, where constitutive response is evaluated. It is shown to destroy the explicit solution in one case, and seriously degrade it in another. History dependent, inelastic constitutive laws can be expected to evolve erroneously and report inac- curate stress states because of noisy input. The noise is due to the lack of smoothness of the interpolation func- tions, and occurs due to material points crossing compu- tational grid boundaries. The next degree of smoothness available in the GIMP methods is shown to be capable of eliminating cell crossing noise. keyword: MPM, PIC, meshless methods, Petrov- Galerkin discretization.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR REFLEKTIF MATEMATIS SISWA DITINJAU DARI GAYA BELAJAR

Kemampuan berpikir reflektif matematis merupakan kemampuan matematis berpikir tingkat tinggi. Salah satu upaya untuk mengoptimalkan kemampuan ini adalah dengan mengetahui gaya belajar siswa. untuk mengetahui itu maka dilakukan penelitian dengan jenis kualitatif deskriptif dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan berpikir reflektif matematis siswa ditinjau dari gaya belajar visual, auditorial, dan kinestetik. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kelas VIII A di SMPN 4 Rangkasbitung yang dipilih secara purposive Sampling pada materi bangun ruang. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan, siswa visual, auditorial dan kinestetik belum mampu mengidentifikasi rumus atau konsep yang digunakan karena tidak memberikan jawaban secara keseluruhan. Siswa visual dan siswa kinestetik mampu mengevaluasi dengan benar, jelas, kurang sistematis, namun lengkap sedangkan siswa auditorial mampu mengevaluasi dengan benar, jelas, sistematis, dan lengkap. Siswa visual dan siswa auditorial memberikan jawaban kurang lengkap dan jawaban salah serta tidak memberikan analogi sedangkan siswa kinestetik memberikan jawaban lengkap namun jawaban salah serta tidak memberikan analogi. Siswa visual memberikan perhitungan kurang lengkap, jawaban akhir salah dan tidak memberikan generalisasi disertai alasan, siswa auditorial memberikan perhitungan benar, jawaban akhir benar namun tidak memberikan generalisasi disertai alasan sedangkan siswa kinestetik memberikan perhitungan benar, jawaban akhir benar dan memberikan generalisasi disertai alasan. Siswa visual menjelaskan dengan bahasannya sendiri dan jawaban benar, siswa auditorial menjelaskan dengan menjelaskannya panjang lebar dan jawaban benar sedangkan siswa kinestetik menjelaskan dengan jawaban benar. Siswa visual sudah mampu memberikan interpretasi namun belum lengkap dan perhitungan benar, siswa auditorial belum mampu memberikan interpretasi namun perhitungan benar, sedangkan siswa kinestetik sudah mampu memberikan interpretasi dengan baik dengan perhitungan yang benar. Kata Kunci : Kemampuan Berpikir Reflektif Matematis, Gaya Belajar, Visual, Auditorial, Kinestetik
Improving Online Performance Diagnosis by the Use of Historical Performance Data

Accurate performance diagnosis of parallel and distributed programs is a difficult and time-consuming task. We describe a new technique that uses historical performance data, gathered in previous executions of an application, to increase the effectiveness of automated performance diagnosis. We incorporate several different types of historical knowledge about the application’s performance into an existing profiling tool, the Paradyn Parallel Performance Tool. We gather performance and structural data from previous executions of the same program, extract knowledge useful for diagnosis from this collection of data in the form of search directives, then input the directives to an enhanced version of Paradyn, which conducts a directed online diagnosis. Compared to existing approaches, incorporating historical data shortens the time required to identify bottlenecks, decreases the amount of unhelpful instrumentation, and improves the usefulness of the information obtained from a diagnostic session.
OLSR-L: Optimized Link State Routing and Localization

Localization protocol is important for estimating node positions in a wireless multi-hop network. Routing protocol is also important for controlling paths. In previous research, localization and routing protocols have been discussed and evaluated separately. In this paper, we propose an integrated protocol for the optimized link state routing (OLSR) and OLSR based localization (ROULA). Our protocol enables simultaneous localization and routing. ROULA’s localization is performed using OLSR overhead such as hello packets and routing tables. The routing overheads and the processing procedures can be efficiently integrated. We demonstrate that the integrated protocol for ROULA and OLSR enables simultaneous localization and routing.
Bioinformatics Applications Note Genetics and Population Analysis Rehh : an R Package to Detect Footprints of Selection in Genome-wide Snp Data from Haplotype Structure

With the development of next-generation sequencing and genotyping approaches, large single nucleotide polymorphism haplotype datasets are becoming available in a growing number of both model and non-model species. Identifying genomic regions with unexpectedly high local haplotype homozygosity relatively to neutral expectation represents a powerful strategy to ascertain candidate genes responding to natural or artificial selection. To facilitate genome-wide scans of selection based on the analysis of long-range haplotypes, we developed the R package rehh. It provides a versatile tool to detect the footprints of recent or ongoing selection with several graphical functions that help visual interpretation of the results. Both versions can be installed directly from R. Function documentation and example data files are provided within the package and a tutorial is available as Supplementary Material. rehh is distributed under the GNU General Public Licence (GPL ≥ 2).
Achieving Sub-Second Downtimes in Large-Scale Virtual Machine Migrations with LISP

Nowadays, the rapid growth of Cloud computing services is stressing the network communication infrastructure in terms of resiliency and programmability. This evolution reveals missing blocks of the current Internet Protocol architecture, in particular in terms of virtual machine mobility management for addressing and locator-identifier mapping. In this paper, we propose some changes to the Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) to cope with this gap. We define novel control-plane functions and evaluate them exhaustively in the worldwide public LISP testbed, involving five LISP sites distant from a few hundred kilometers to many thousands kilometers. Our results show that we can guarantee service downtime upon live virtual machine migration lower than a second across American, Asian and European LISP sites, and down to 300 ms within Europe, outperforming standard LISP and legacy triangular routing approaches in terms of service downtime, as a function of datacenter-datacenter and client-datacenter distances.
Modified Cascaded Multilevel Grid-Connected Inverter to Enhance European Efficiency and Several Extended Topologies

This paper proposes a modified cascaded multilevel grid-connected inverter (MCM-GCI) suitable for photovoltaic grid-connected generation system, which considers wide operation range, low grid current total harmonics distortion (THD), and high European efficiency. In the proposed topology, a bidirectional power switch is added to the standard single-phase cascaded multilevel inverter (CMI) to implement the transformation between CMI mode and H-bridge inverter (HBI) mode. An online topology transformation approach of the MCM-GCI is proposed to guarantee the topology modes transformed safely and smoothly. The proposed MCM-GCI operates in CMI mode when the PV arrays' output voltage and power are low, and transforms into HBI mode when the PV arrays' output voltage and power are high. Experimental results of five-level MCM-GCI are represented to validate the feasibility of the proposed topology and it is also compared with other three classic grid-connected inverters to highlight its advantages. Furthermore, more structures based on hybrid CMI, which possess the topology transformation ability, are shown to further improve the generation range and obtain a higher efficiency of the system.
A simplified maximum likelihood detection scheme for MIMO systems

A multiple transmit and multiple receive antenna system, referred to as a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, is known to achieve large channel capacity without bandwidth expansion. We propose a simplified maximum likelihood (ML) detection scheme for a MIMO system which has reduced computational complexity compared to the ML detection scheme. According to simulation results, the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed scheme is shown to be similar to that of the ML detection scheme with significant reduction in the computational complexity.
Rest-Frame Optical Spectroscopic Classifications for Submillimeter Galaxies

We report the results of a systematic near-IR spectroscopic survey using the Subaru, VLT, and Keck Telescopes of a sample of high-redshift ULIRGs mainly composed of submillimeter-selected galaxies. Our observations span the rest-frame optical range containing nebular emission lines such as Hβ, [O III] λλ4959, 5007, and [O II] λ3727, which are essential for making robust diagnostics of the physical properties. Using the Hα/Hβ emission line ratios, we derive internal extinction estimates for these galaxies similar to those of local ULIRGs: AV ~ 2.9 ± 0.5. Correcting the Hα estimates of the star formation rate for dust extinction results in rates that are consistent with those estimated from the far-IR luminosity. The majority (>60%) of our sample show spectral features characteristic of AGNs (although this partially reflects an observational bias), with ~65% exhibiting broad Balmer emission lines. A proportion of these sources show relatively low [O III] λ5007/Hβ line ratios, which are similar to those of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, suggesting low-mass black holes that are rapidly growing. In the subsample of our survey with both [O III] λ5007 and hard X-ray coverage, at least ~60% show an excess of [O III] λ5007 emission, by a factor of 5-10, relative to the hard X-ray luminosity compared to the correlation between these two properties seen in Seyfert galaxies and QSOs locally. From our spectral diagnostics, we propose that the strong [O III] λ5007 emission in these galaxies arises from shocks in dense gaseous regions. Due to sensitivity and resolution limits, our sample is biased to strong-line emitters and hence our results do not yet provide a complete view of the physical properties of the whole high-redshift ULIRG population.
Formal Education Versus Learning-by-Doing

The efficiency of educational choices is studied in a search-matching model where individuals face a tradeoff: acquiring formal education or learning while on the job. When their education effort is successful, newcomers directly obtain a high-skill job; otherwise, they begin with a low-skill job, learn-by-doing and then search while on-the-job for a high-skill job. Low-skill firms suffer from hold-up behavior by high-skill firms. The low-skill sector is insufficiently attractive and individuals devote too much effort to formal education. A self-financing tax and subsidy policy restores market efficiency.
The Influence of Product Knowledge on Online Purchase Intention on Creative Products: An Empirical Study

Since the explosion and popularity of online purchasing, understanding which consumers use this new distribution channel to buy creative product (e.g. clothing) is an important question for e-commerce managers and consumer theorists. Based on the empirical literature, a new model was established by using product knowledge as the outside factor of technology acceptance model (TAM). We focused on the validity of model and interrelations and influences between the variables. Conclusion and implications were discussed.
Optimal Factor Income Taxation in the Presence of Unemployment

According to conventional wisdom internationally mobile capital should not be taxed or should be taxed at a lower rate than labour. An important underlying assumption behind this view is that there are no market imperfections, in particular that labour markets clear competitively. At least for Europe, which has been suffering from high unemployment for a long time, this assumption does not seem appropriate. This paper studies the optimal factor taxation in the presence of unemployment which results from the union-firm wage bargaining both with optimal and restricted profit taxation when capital is internationally mobile and labour immobile. In setting tax rates the government is assumed to behave as a Stackelberg leader towards the private sector playing a Nash game. The main conclusion is that in the presence of unemployment, the conventional wisdom turns on its head; capital should generally be taxed at a higher rate than labour.
Identification of aberrant pathways and network activities from high-throughput data

Many complex diseases such as cancer are associated with changes in biological pathways and molecular networks rather than being caused by single gene alterations. A major challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases is to identify characteristic aberrancies in the biological pathways and molecular network activities and elucidate their relationship to the disease. This review presents recent progress in using high-throughput biological assays to decipher aberrant pathways and network activities. In particular, this review provides specific examples in which high-throughput data have been applied to identify relationships between diseases and aberrant pathways and network activities. The achievements in this field have been remarkable, but many challenges have yet to be addressed.
Fast error-tolerant search on very large texts

We consider the following spelling variants clustering problem: Given a list of distinct words, called lexicon, compute (possibly overlapping) clusters of words which are spelling variants of each other. This problem naturally arises in the context of error-tolerant full-text search of the following kind: For a given query, return not only documents matching the query words exactly but also those matching their spelling variants. This is the inverse of the well-known "Did you mean: … ? " web search engine feature, where the error tolerance is on the side of the query, and not on the side of the documents. We combine various ideas from the large body of literature on approximate string searching and spelling correction techniques to a new algorithm for the spelling variants clustering problem that is both accurate and very efficient in time and space. Our largest lexicon, containing roughly 10 million words, can be processed in about 16 minutes on a standard PC using 10 MB of additional space. This beats the previously best scheme by a factor of two in running time and by a factor of more than ten in space usage. We have integrated our algorithms into the CompleteSearch engine in a way that achieves error-tolerant search without significant blowup in neither index size nor query processing time.