Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
POI data applied in extracting the boundary of commercial centers

Twenty-first century as an important symbol of the era of the knowledge economy and big data, Internet and networking have a rapid development and have become indispensable data sources in people's lives. Besides, because of its convenience and quickness, these are increasingly applied in more and more aspects. Among them, POI as a true representative of the geographical entity on the network map can be abstracted as point data and the related applications of it in academia are very broad, but few scholars have studied its related applications in urban benchmark land-price. Therefore, this paper takes the city of LiXian as an example in the study on web data extraction and analysis in the updating process. After the benchmark and coordinate transformation, the extraction of POI and remote sensing data were used in this paper determine the boundaries of commercial center through the method of density analysis. The veracity, accuracy and efficiency of data acquisition were improved obviously.
Inferring paternal history of rural African‐derived Brazilian populations from Y chromosomes

Quilombo remnants are relics of communities founded by runaway or abandoned African slaves, but often with subsequent extensive and complex admixture patterns with European and Native Americans. We combine a genetic study of Y‐chromosome markers with anthropological surveys in order to obtain a portrait of quilombo structure and history in the region that has the largest number of quilombo remnants in the state of São Paulo.
PREPARATION OF OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE 5′-TRIPHOSPHATES USING SOLID SUPPORT APPROACH

We report a synthetic procedure for conversion of oligonucleotides to their 5′-triphosphate derivatives with moderate yield. The oligonucleotides were synthesized on solid support using standard phosphoramidite protocols. The DMT protection group was removed and the 5′-OH was phosphitylated using 2-chloro-4H-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorin-4-one followed by reaction with tributyammonium pyrophosphate and iodine oxidation. After subsequent removal from support and complete deprotection, the products were isolated by anion-exchange HPLC chromatography. Structures of several 5′-triphosphate derivatives have been proven by phosphorus NMR, Mass-spectrometry and by HPLC comparison with authentic samples.
Body mass index is associated with increased creatinine clearance by a mechanism independent of body fat distribution.

CONTEXT Although obesity has been, in general, associated with glomerular hyperfiltration, visceral adiposity has been suggested to be associated with reduced glomerular filtration. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the differential effects of obesity and body fat distribution on glomerular filtration. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a cross-sectional study of the Japanese-American community in Seattle, Washington. PARTICIPANTS We studied a representative sample of second-generation Japanese-American men and women with normal glucose tolerance (n = 124) and impaired glucose metabolism (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) (n = 144) residing in King County, Washington. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Glomerular filtration rate was estimated by 24-h urinary creatinine clearance, body size by body mass index (BMI), and intra-abdominal fat (IAF), sc fat (SCF), and lean thigh areas by CT scan. RESULTS Creatinine clearance was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.429; P < 0.001), fasting glucose (r = 0.198; P = 0.001), and insulin levels (r = 0.125; P = 0.042), as well as IAF (r = 0.239; P < 0.001), SCF (r = 0.281; P < 0.001), and lean thigh (r = 0.353; P < 0.001) areas. The association between creatinine clearance and BMI remained significant after adjustments for IAF, SCF areas, and fasting insulin levels (r = 0.337; P < 0.001); whereas IAF and SCF areas were not independently associated with creatinine clearance after adjusting for BMI. Creatinine clearance increased with increasing BMI after adjusting for fasting insulin, fasting glucose, IAF and SCF areas in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (r = 0.432; P < 0.001) and impaired glucose metabolism (r = 0.471; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS BMI rather than body fat distribution is an independent determinant of creatinine clearance in nondiabetic subjects. Lean body mass, rather than adiposity, may explain this association.
Immortalizing Central Nervous System Cells

This unit presents methods for isolating clonal, neural‐derived cell lines. One approach for isolating such neural cell lines involves a replication‐deficient retrovirus encoding a specific oncogene and a selectable marker which are used to infect dissociated CNS cells dissected at a developmental stage at which the cell population of interest has not undergone its terminal mitotic division. Also presented is a method for cloning by limiting dilution, which may be necessary to obtain a pure population of cells. Following growth under appropriate selection conditions, clones are isolated and tested for their ability to differentiate with the desired phenotypic properties. A method is also provided for coating tissue culture dishes, which is necessary for successful culture of CNS neurons.
Urban Innovation System and the Role of an Open Web-based Platform: The Case of Amsterdam Smart City

This study discusses an urban innovation system and the role of digital technology using the Amsterdam Smart City as a case. Based on semi-structured interviews and document analysis, this study reveals that Amsterdam Smart City can be considered an example of a new type of urban innovation system. There are nine actor categories involved with either a one-sided or a bi-directional relationship between them in this innovation system. The actors dynamically interact with each other in different innovation phases based on their interests and resources. Besides, the use of an open web-based platform to connect actors and to exchange information in the innovation system makes the information distributed fairly and transparently among actors. Additionally, more actors can be reached to join the innovation system. There is also no geographical limitation between actors to collaborate and innovate on a specific idea. Therefore, dynamic interactions between actors that are facilitated by an open web-based platform can be a new way of developing an innovation system in urban areas. Keywords. Urban innovation system, smart city, digital technology. Abstrak. Studi ini membahas sistem inovasi perkotaan dan peran teknologi digital, dengan menggunakan Amsterdam Smart City sebagai sebuah kasus. Berdasarkan wawancara semi-terstruktur dan analisis dokumen, penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa Amsterdam Smart City dapat dianggap sebagai contoh bentuk baru dari sistem inovasi perkotaan. Ada sembilan kategori aktor yang terlibat dengan hubungan satu-sisi atau dua arah di antara mereka dalam sistem inovasi ini. Para aktor secara dinamis berinteraksi satu sama lain dalam fase inovasi yang berbeda berdasarkan pada minat dan sumber daya mereka. Selain itu, penggunaan platform berbasis web terbuka untuk menghubungkan aktor-aktor dan untuk bertukar informasi dalam sistem inovasi membuat informasi didistribusikan secara adil dan transparan di antara para aktor. Di samping itu, semakin banyak jumlah aktor yang dapat bergabung dengan sistem inovasi ini. Tidak ada batasan geografis di antara para aktor untuk berkolaborasi dan berinovasi pada ide tertentu. Oleh karena itu, interaksi yang dinamis antara para aktor yang difasilitasi oleh platform berbasis web terbuka dapat menjadi cara baru untuk mengembangkan sistem inovasi di wilayah perkotaan. Kata Kunci. Sistem inovasi perkotaan, kota pintar, teknologi digital.
Fully integrated and reconfigurable architecture for coherent self-testing of IQ ADCs

In this paper we present a reconfigurable architecture for coherent built-in self-testing (BIST) of high speed IQ ADCs with moderate resolutions. The proposed system can be fully integrated with the ADC and, besides a low-jitter clock reference, no other external high quality generators are required. A locked system comprising a first phase-locked loop (PLL) with two IQ linear outputs and a second PLL with a squared output signal are proposed as well as the dedicated voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) circuits. To illustrate the simplicity of the proposed solution, the system is designed, parameterized and simulated targeting the BIST of a 6-bit 1 GS/s ADC.
Grass-Legume Mixtures for Improved Soil Health in Cultivated Agroecosystem

Planting grass-legume mixtures may be a good option to improve soil health in addition to increased forage productivity, improved forage nutritive value, and net farm profit in a hay production system. A field experiment was conducted from 2011 to 2014 at Lingle, Wyoming to evaluate soil microbial biomass under different seeding proportions of two forage grasses (meadow bromegrass, Bromus biebersteinii Roem. & Schult.; and orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L.) and one legume (alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.). Nine treatments included monoculture grass, monoculture legume, one grass and one legume mixture, two grasses and one legume mixture, and a control (not seeded with grass or legume). Monoculture grass received either no nitrogen (N) or N fertilizer (150 kg N ha−1 year−1 as urea) whereas monoculture legume, grass-legume mixtures, and control plots received no N fertilizer. The study was laid out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. The plots were harvested 3–4 times each year after the establishment year. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for microbial biomass using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis at the end of May in 2013 and 2014. Soil samples were also analyzed for mineralizable carbon (C) and N in 2013 and 2014. The total above-ground plant biomass was higher in 50–50% mixture of grass and alfalfa than monoculture alfalfa and monoculture grass (with and without N fertilizer) during the entire study period. The application of N fertilizer to the grass hay production system had little effect on improving mineralizable soil C, N, and soil microbial biomass. However, grass-legume mixture without N fertilizer had great effect on improvement of mineralizable soil C and N, and total, bacterial, and actinomycetes microbial biomass in soil. The 50–50% mixture of grass and alfalfa performed consistently well and can be considered to use in Wyoming conditions for improving soil health and forage productivity.
Antibody‐based screening for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma compared with microsatellite analysis and sequencing

Germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes, MSH2, MLH1, and others are associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Due to the high costs of sequencing, cheaper screening methods are needed to identify HNPCC cases. Ideally, these methods should have a high sensitivity and identify all mutated cases without too many false‐positive cases.
Information Acquisition and Expected Returns: Evidence from EDGAR Search Traffic

Using a novel dataset containing investors' access of company filings through the SEC's EDGAR system, we show that the abnormal number of IPs searching for firms' financial statements strongly predicts future stock returns and firm fundamentals. Consistent with theories of costly information acquisition, the return predictability is more pronounced for firms with larger and lengthier financial filings that are more costly to process, and for IPs searching current and historical filings simultaneously. Our findings suggest investors' costly information acquisition activities reveal their expectation of future firm performance.
The Becoming: Students’ Reflections on the Process of Professional Identity Formation in Medical Education

Professional identity formation (PIF) within medical education is the multifaceted, individualized process through which students develop new ways of being in becoming physicians. Personal backgrounds, values, expectations, interests, goals, relationships, and role models can all influence PIF and may account for diversity of both experience and the active constructive process of professional formation. Guided reflection, including reflective writing, has been used to enhance awareness and meaning making within the PIF process for both students and medical educators and to shed light on what aspects of medical education are most constructive for healthy PIF. Student voices about the PIF process now emerging in the literature are often considered and interpreted by medical educators within qualitative studies or in broad theoretical overviews of PIF. In this Commentary, the authors present a chorus of individual student voices from along the medical education trajectory. Medical students (years 1–4) and a first-year resident in pediatrics respond to a variety of questions based on prevalent PIF themes extracted from the literature to reflect on their personal experiences of PIF. Topics queried included pretending in medical education, role of relationships, impact of formal and informal curricula on PIF (valuable aspects as well as suggestions for change), and navigating and developing interprofessional relationships and identities. This work aims to vividly illustrate the diverse and personal forces at play in individual students’ PIF processes and to encourage future pedagogic efforts supporting healthy, integrated PIF in medical education.
Surgical management of large and giant intracavernous and paraclinoid aneurysms.

BACKGROUND Due to their location, large and giant intracavernous and paraclinoid aneurysms remain a challenge for vascular neurosurgeons. We identified characteristics, surgical indications and treatment strategies of large and giant intracavernous and paraclinoid aneurysms in 36 patients. METHODS The pterional approach was routinely used. The cervical internal carotid artery was exposed for proximal control of parent vessel and retrograde suction decompression. Paraclinoid aneurysms were directly clipped, intracavernous pseudoaneurysm was repaired and the intracavernous aneurysms were trapped with extracranial-intracranial bypass of saphenous vein graft. Intraoperative electroencephalogram (EEG) and somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring were used to detect cerebral ischemia during the temporary occlusion of parent arteries. Microvascular Doppler ultrasonography was used to assess blood flow of the parent and branch vessels. Endoscopy was helpful particularly in dealing with internal carotid artery posterior wall aneurysms. Postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in 33 of the 36 patients. RESULTS Thirty-two paraclinoid aneurysms were directly clipped, 1 intracavernous pseudoaneurysm was repaired and the other 3 intracavernous aneurysms were trapped with revascularization. Except for two patients who died in the early postoperative stage, 34 patients' follow-up was 6 - 65 months (mean 10 months) and a Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 4 to 5 at discharge. At the 6-month follow-up examination, Rankin Outcome Scale scores were 0 to 2 in 32 patients. EEG and SSEP monitoring changed in six patients. Twelve clips were readjusted when insufficient blood flow in parent and branch vessels was detected. Three posterior wall aneurysms were clipped. CONCLUSIONS Intracavernous aneurysms not amenable to endovascular treatment should be treated surgically and surgical treatment is the first option for paraclinoid aneurysms. The temporary parent vessel occlusion, retrograde suction decompression, endoaneurysmectomy, parent vessel reconstruction, vascular anastomosis, electrophysiological monitoring, Doppler ultrasonography and endoscopy are essential techniques in the treatment of the large and giant intracavernous and paraclinoid aneurysms.
The effect of muscle architecture on the biomechanical failure properties of skeletal muscle under passive extension

This study investigates the biomechanical failure prop erties of five architecturally different skeletal muscles and examines the role muscle structure plays in the passive extension characteristics of musculotendinous units. The muscles used in this study fall into four morphologic categories: fusiform, unipennate, bipen nate, and multipennate. Each muscle was pulled to failure at three different rates of strain (1, 10, and 100 cm/min). Specimens of fusiform, unipennate, and bipennate muscles were pulled from their proximal as well as distal attachments. The relationship of elongation to failure of the entire musculotendinous unit to resting muscle fiber length was examined to determine the effect of angle of pennation and fiber length on the failure properties. Our results demonstrate that all four muscle types tested show injury and rupture at the musculotendinous junction whether pulled from proximal or distal attach ment, regardless of muscle structure and rate of strain. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.005) in the degree of elongation to failure relative to resting muscle fiber length, with a tendency to greater elongation relative to fiber length for muscles with more pennate structure (tibialis anterior, 72.7% ± 1.0%; ex tensor digitorum longus, 113.1% ± 3.5%; rectus fem oris, 225.5% ± 3.7% elongation in percent resting fiber length).
Unsupervised Band Selection Using Block-Diagonal Sparsity for Hyperspectral Image Classification

In order to alleviate the negative effect of curse of dimensionality, band selection is a crucial step for hyperspectral image (HSI) processing. In this letter, we propose a novel unsupervised band selection approach to reduce the dimensionality for hyperspectral imagery. In order to obtain the most representative bands, the correlation matrix computed from the original HSI is used to describe the correlation characteristics among bands, while the block-diagonal structure is measured to segment all bands into a series of subspace. After applying the spectral clustering algorithm, the optimal combination of band is finally selected. To verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed band selection method, experiments have been conducted on three widely used real-world hyperspectral data. The results have shown that the proposed method outperforms other methods in HSI classification application.
Participation of the Mouse Implanting Trophoblast in Nitric Oxide Production During Pregnancy1

Abstract While considerable progress has been made in elucidating nitric oxide (NO) regulatory mechanisms in the later stages of gestation, much less is known about its synthesis and role during embryo implantation. Thus, to evaluate the participation of the trophoblast in the production of NO during this phase, this study focused on NADPH-diaphorase activity and the distribution of NO synthase isoforms (NOS) using immunohistochemistry in pre- and postimplantation mouse embryos in situ and in vitro, as well as on NO production itself, measured as total nitrite, in trophoblast culture supernatants (Griess reaction). No NADPH-diaphorase activity was found in preimplanting embryos except after culturing for at least 48 h, when a few trophoblastic giant cells were positive. Conversely, postimplantation trophoblast cells either lodged into the implantation chamber (in situ) or after culturing (in vitro) showed intense NADPH-diaphorase activity. Also in the postimplantation trophoblast, the endothelial and inducible NOS (eNOS and iNOS) isoforms were immunodetected, under both in situ and in vitro conditions, although in different patterns. Extracts of ectoplacental cone also revealed bands of 135 and 130 kDa on SDS-PAGE that reacted with anti-eNOS and anti-iNOS, respectively, on Western blot. Analysis of the culture supernatant demonstrated that the nitrite concentration was 1) proportional to the number of cultured trophoblast cells, 2) almost completely abolished in the presence of Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, and 3) increased 2-fold in cultures stimulated with γ-interferon. These results strongly suggest the production of NO from constitutive and inducible isoforms of NOS by the implanting mouse trophoblast. They also emphasize the possibility of the participation of these cells in vasodilatation and angiogenesis, and in cytotoxic mechanisms involved in the intense phagocytosis of injured maternal cells, which occur during the implantation process.
Targeting angiogenin in therapy of amyotropic lateral sclerosis

Background: Missense heterozygous mutations in the coding region of angiogenin (ANG) gene, encoding a 14 kDa angiogenic RNase, were recently found in patients of amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Functional analyses have shown that these are loss-of-function mutations, implying that angiogenin deficiency is associated with ALS pathogenesis and that increasing ANG expression or angiogenin activity could be a novel approach for ALS therapy. Objective: Review the evidence showing the involvement of angiogenin in motor neuron physiology and function, and provide a rationale for targeting angiogenin in ALS therapy. Methods: Review the current understanding of the mechanism of angiogenin action in connection with ALS genetics, pathogenesis and therapy. Conclusion: ANG is the first gene whose loss-of-function mutations are associated with ALS pathogenesis. Therapeutic modulation of angiogenin level and activity in the spinal cord, either by systemic delivery of angiogenin protein or through retrograde transport of ANG-encoding viral particles, may be beneficial for ALS patients.
Interactive body part contrast mining for human interaction recognition

The recognition of multi-person interactions still remains a challenge because of the mutual occlusion and redundant poses. We propose an interactive body part contrast mining method based on joints for human interaction recognition. To efficiently describe interactions, we propose an interactive body part model which connects the interactive limbs of different participants to represent the relationship of interactive body parts. Then we calculate the spatial-temporal joint features for 8 interactive limb pairs in a short frame set for motion description (poselets). Employing contrast mining, we determine the essential interactive pairs and poselets for each interaction class to delete the redundant action information, and use these poselets to generate a poselet dictionary for interaction representation following bag-of-words. SVM with RBF kernel is adopted for recognition. We evaluate the proposed algorithm on two databases, the SBU interaction database and a newly collected RGBD-skeleton interaction database. Experiment results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The recognition accuracy reaches 85.4% on our interaction database, and 86.8% on SBU interaction database, 6% higher than the method in [1].