Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The orientation of acetabular component in total hip replacement using transverse acetabular ligament as a guide

Introduction: Acetabular component placement is a crucial determinant in outcomes following total hip arthroplasty. Malalignment predisposes to impingement, increased rate of dislocation, wear of the bearing, osteolysis, and revision after THA. The study aimed to determine how reliably the transverse acetabular ligament could be identified during primary THA and its validity as a guide for acetabular component placement within the safe zone in THA. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 52 patients undergoing total hip replacement during the period from August 2014 to January 2017 in Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital and Victoria Hospital, Bangalore were included; in whom the acetabular component positioning was done using transverse acetabular ligament as a guide. 22 cases were done via modified lateral approach, while 30 cases were done via posterolateral approach. Acetabular reaming was done by placing the reamer parallel to TAL, starting with a reamer the diameter of the native femoral head. Following serial reaming, the final component is placed such that TAL should embrace it. The anteversion and inclination/abduction of the acetabular component was measured post-operatively by anteroposterior radiographs. Results: TAL was identified in all cases, irrespective of the surgical approach used. The mean planar anteversion was 19.84° (± 3.8°), and the radiological inclination was 43.65° (± 3.2°). Anteversion was within the safe zone in 96.15% (n=50) of the cases, while inclination was within the safe zone in 84.6% (n=44) of the cases. Conclusion: Transverse acetabular ligament can be reliably used as a guide in achieving patient-specific anteversion of the acetabular component within safe zone. A simple, reproducible technique, devoid of complex instrumentation. However, as inclination is influenced by factors in addition to TAL, TAL alone cannot be used for determining inclination of acetabular component positioning.
Parathyroid hormone, vitamin D levels and urine albumin excretion in older persons: the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)

Persistent elevation of urinary albumin excretion (UAE), even within normal range, is an independent predictor for cardiovascular disease. Accumulating research suggests that low levels of vitamin D and high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) also increase cardiovascular disease risk. This study is intended to investigate the relationship between PTH, vitamin D levels and UAE.
DOA estimation for coherent sources with spatial smoothing without eigendecomposition under unknown noise field

In this paper, we employ the propagator method (PM) to find the direction of arrival angles (DOAs) from the incident sources without any eigendecomposition. This can reduce complexity when compared to eigensubspace methods such as forward/backward spatial smoothing, which requires eigenvalue decomposition (EVD). Also, we apply our proposed algorithm in the situation when the incident sources are coherent. Our proposed algorithm can be applied for more practical situations when the unknown covariance noise matrix is in a complex symmetric Toeplitz form, whereas in Prasad's model the unknown noise is in a real symmetric Toeplitz form. Moreover, the proposed algorithm, when compared with Prasad's model does, has three advantages: (1) it does not require any EVD to find the DOAs, whereas Prasad's model does, (2) our proposed algorithm requires the number of sensors M to be larger than the number of sources K, i.e., M>K, but Prasad's method requires M>2K, and (3) the proposed method can be applied in the situation when the sources are coherent, but Prasad's method cannot. Our proposed method is based on a covariance matrix difference between the forward/backward spatial smoothing for covariance matrices of the received data and the Hermition of the backward spatial smoothing only. This difference is introduced to eliminate noise components from the array structure. The numerical results verify that the proposed method gives better performance and less computation than forward/backward spatial smoothing
THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRUNK MUSCLES IN MALE WRESTLERS ASSESSED BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

The purpose of this study was to compare the development of trunk musculature among Elite, Sub- elite, and Elite junior wrestlers. The performance level of these groups, ordered highest to lowest, is as follows: Elite (n = 20), Sub-elite (n = 25), and Elite junior (n = 39). A magnetic resonance imaging device was used to measure the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the trunk muscles. The whole trunk muscle cross- sectional area (t-MCSA) of the Elite group was significantly larger than that of the Elite junior group (p < 0.05). The rectus abdominis muscle CSA of the Elite group was significantly larger than that of the Elite junior group (p < 0.01). The psoas major muscle CSA of the Elite group was significantly larger than that of the Elite junior group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the CSA of any of the trunk muscles between the Elite and Sub-elite groups. In conclusion, compared with Elite junior wrestlers, it is conceivable that a greater CSA of trunk flexors of Elite wrestlers is one factor which supports increased performance.
Differential expression of sodium channel activities during the development of chick skeletal muscle cells in culture

The expression of Na+ channels during differentiation of cultured embryonic chick skeletal muscle cells was investigated using saxitoxin (STX) and batrachotoxin (BTX), which previously have been shown to interact with distinct, separate receptor sites of the voltage- sensitive Na+ channel of excitable cells. In the present study, parallel measurements of binding of [3H]-STX (STX) and of BTX-activated 22Na+ uptake (Na influx) were made in order to establish the temporal relationship of the appearance of these two Na+ channel activities during myogenesis. Na influx was clearly measurable in 2-d cells; from day 3 to day 7 the maximum Na influx approximately doubled when measured with saturating BTX concentrations potentiated by Leiurus scorpion toxin, while the apparent affinity of BTX, measured without scorpion toxin, also increased. Saturable STX binding did not appear consistently until day 3; from then until day 7 the STX binding capacity increased about threefold, whereas the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) decreased about fourfold. Although Na influx in cells of all ages was totally inhibited by STX or tetrodotoxin (TTX) at 10 microM, lower concentrations (2-50 nM) blocked the influx in 7-d cells much more effectively than that in 3-d cells, where half the flux was resistant to STX at 20-50 nM. Similar but smaller differences characterized the block by TTX. In addition, when protein synthesis is inhibited by cycloheximide, both Na influx and STX binding activities disappear more rapidly in 3-d than in 7-d cells, which shows that these functions are less stable metabolically in the younger cells.
Suprascapular Nerve Block in the Treatment of Frozen Shoulder

INTRODUCTION: Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) is characterized by a painful, gradual loss of both active and passive glenohumeral motion resulting from progressive fibrosis and ultimate contracture of the glenohumeral joint capsule. Variable nomenclature, inconsistent reporting of disease stage and a multitude of different t reatments have created a confus ing and contradictory body of literature about this condition.
Networked Distributed POMDPs: A Synergy of Distributed Constraint Optimization and POMDPs

In many real-world multiagent applications such as distributed sensor nets, a network of agents is formed based on each agent's limited interactions with a small number of neighbors. While distributed POMDPs capture the real-world uncertainty in multiagent domains, they fail to exploit such locality of interaction. Distributed constraint optimization (DCOP) captures the locality of interaction but fails to capture planning under uncertainty. This paper present a new model synthesized from distributed POMDPs and DCOPs, called Networked Distributed POMDPs (ND-POMDPs). Exploiting network structure enables us to present two novel algorithms for ND-POMDPs: a distributed policy generation algorithm that performs local search and a systematic policy search that is guaranteed to reach the global optimal.
Robust deconvolution of deterministic and random signals

We consider the problem of designing an estimation filter to recover a signal x[n] convolved with a linear time-invariant (LTI) filter h[n] and corrupted by additive noise. Our development treats the case in which the signal x[n] is deterministic and the case in which it is a stationary random process. Both formulations take advantage of some a priori knowledge on the class of underlying signals. In the deterministic setting, the signal is assumed to have bounded (weighted) energy; in the stochastic setting, the power spectra of the signal and noise are bounded at each frequency. The difficulty encountered in these estimation problems is that the mean-squared error (MSE) at the output of the estimation filter depends on the problem unknowns and therefore cannot be minimized. Beginning with the deterministic setting, we develop a minimax MSE estimation filter that minimizes the worst case point-wise MSE between the true signal x[n] and the estimated signal, over the class of bounded-norm inputs. We then establish that the MSE at the output of the minimax MSE filter is smaller than the MSE at the output of the conventional inverse filter, for all admissible signals. Next we treat the stochastic scenario, for which we propose a minimax regret estimation filter to deal with the power spectrum uncertainties. This filter is designed to minimize the worst case difference between the MSE in the presence of power spectrum uncertainties, and the MSE of the Wiener filter that knows the correct power spectra. The minimax regret filter takes the entire uncertainty interval into account, and as demonstrated through an example, can often lead to improved performance over traditional minimax MSE approaches for this problem
Accurate prediction of NAGNAG alternative splicing

Alternative splicing (AS) involving NAGNAG tandem acceptors is an evolutionarily widespread class of AS. Recent predictions of alternative acceptor usage reported better results for acceptors separated by larger distances, than for NAGNAGs. To improve the latter, we aimed at the use of Bayesian networks (BN), and extensive experimental validation of the predictions. Using carefully constructed training and test datasets, a balanced sensitivity and specificity of ≥92% was achieved. A BN trained on the combined dataset was then used to make predictions, and 81% (38/47) of the experimentally tested predictions were verified. Using a BN learned on human data on six other genomes, we show that while the performance for the vertebrate genomes matches that achieved on human data, there is a slight drop for Drosophila and worm. Lastly, using the prediction accuracy according to experimental validation, we estimate the number of yet undiscovered alternative NAGNAGs. State of the art classifiers can produce highly accurate prediction of AS at NAGNAGs, indicating that we have identified the major features of the ‘NAGNAG-splicing code’ within the splice site and its immediate neighborhood. Our results suggest that the mechanism behind NAGNAG AS is simple, stochastic, and conserved among vertebrates and beyond.
Toward an Information Visualization Workspace: Combining Multiple Means of Expression

New user interface challenges are arising because people need to explore and perform many diverse tasks involving large quantities of abstract information. Visualizing information is one approach to these challenges. But visualization must involve much more than just enabling people to "see" information. People must also manipulate it to focus on what is relevant and reorganize it to create new information. They must also communicate and share information in collaborative settings and act directly to perform their tasks based on this information. These goals suggest the need for information visualization workspaces with new interaction approaches. We present several systems-Visage, SAGE, and selective dynamic manipulation (SDM)-that comprise such a workspace and a suite of user interface techniques for creating and manipulating integrative visualizations. Our work in this area revealed the need for interfaces that enable people to communicate with systems in multiple complementary ways. We discuss four dimensions for analyzing user interfaces that reveal the combination of design approaches needed for visualizations to support information analysis tasks effectively. We discuss the results of our attempts to provide multiple forms of expression using direct manipulation and propose areas where multimodal techniques are likely to be more effective.
Filling the Silence: Reactivation, not Reconstruction

In a self-paced reading experiment, we investigated the processing of sluicing constructions (“sluices”) whose antecedent contained a known garden-path structure in German. Results showed decreased processing times for sluices with garden-path antecedents as well as a disadvantage for antecedents with non-canonical word order downstream from the ellipsis site. A post-hoc analysis showed the garden-path advantage also to be present in the region right before the ellipsis site. While no existing account of ellipsis processing explicitly predicted the results, we argue that they are best captured by combining a local antecedent mismatch effect with memory trace reactivation through reanalysis.
Does birth order affect intelligence

Carolyn M. Lambert Does Birth Order Affect Intelligence? 2004-2005 Dr. Roberta Dihoff & Dr. John Klanderman Master's of Arts in School Psychology The purpose of this exploratory investigation was to determine whether birth order has an affect on intelligence. Seventy-four undergraduate students from Rowan University participated in my study. During class-time, I handed out a questionnaire with questions pertaining to the student's birth order within their family and SAT scores. The SAT scores served as a measure of intelligence. The SAT scores were broken into seven different ranges, between 800 1400 & above. The birth order variable was broken down into four levels; firstborn, middle child, youngest and only child. The different levels of birth order and SAT scores were compared to see if significant difference existed between the two variables. The Kruskal-Wallis test, a non-parametric one-way analysis of variance, was used to determine if a significant difference existed between intelligence and birth order. This test found that there was a significant difference found when comparing the different variable of birth order and intelligence.
Conducting Situated Learning in a Context-Aware Ubiquitous Learning Environment

Digital technology is an important factor for the development of modern education systems, especially the wireless communication technology and the sensor technology, which make the evolution of learning environments from Web-based learning to mobile learning or ubiquitous learning. In this paper, a context-aware ubiquitous learning environment which utilizes mobile devices, sensors and wireless networks to conduct situated learning. Moreover, a series of learning activities of a butterfly ecology unit of the natural science course for K-4th students has been developed and conducted in the learning environment, in which students are guided to observe real-world objects with personalized supports from the system. Some preliminary experimental results have shown the effectiveness of the novel approach.
Appendix : Augmentation of Virtual Agents in Real Crowd Videos Experimental Results on Pedestrian Detection / Tracking and Navigable Area Placement

We implemented the pedestrian detection and tracking part using Python programming language and OpenCV libraries. We evaluated our tracker on a video (PETS09-S2L1) from PETS dataset [1] and the videos we recorded. We use the multi-object tracking metrics explained in [2] to evaluate our pedestrian tracker. Precision is defined as the fraction of relevant detections (TPs) to all detections (TPs + FPs) and recall is defined as the fraction relevant detections (TPs) to all relevant detections (TPs + FNs) where TP is a true positive and FN is a false negative. Multi-object tracking accuracy (MOTA) [3],[4] is another metric used to evaluate the tracker’s performance. MOTA combines three sources of errors: false negatives, false positives, and mismatch errors (MMEs):
An analysis of the requirements traceability problem

Investigates and discusses the underlying nature of the requirements traceability problem. Our work is based on empirical studies, involving over 100 practitioners, and an evaluation of current support. We introduce the distinction between pre-requirements specification (pre-RS) traceability and post-requirements specification (post-RS) traceability to demonstrate why an all-encompassing solution to the problem is unlikely, and to provide a framework through which to understand its multifaceted nature. We report how the majority of the problems attributed to poor requirements traceability are due to inadequate pre-RS traceability and show the fundamental need for improvements. We present an analysis of the main barriers confronting such improvements in practice, identify relevant areas in which advances have been (or can be) made, and make recommendations for research. <<ETX>>
Analysis of dose distribution in organs at risk in patients with prostate cancer treated with the intensity-modulated radiation therapy and arc technique

This study describes a comparative analysis of treatment plans in 48 patients with prostate cancer treated with ionizing radiation. Each patient was subjected to the intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and arc technique. In each treatment plan, the organs at risk were assessed: the urinary bladder, rectum and heads of the femur, as well as the volume of normal tissue. The following features were compared: treatment time, conformity indices for the planning target volume, mean doses and standard deviation in organs at risk, and organ volumes for each particular dose. The treatment period in the arc technique is 13.7% shorter than in the IMRT technique. Comparing the results of the IMRT and arc techniques (arc vs. IMRT), the mean values were 29.21 ± 12.91 Gy versus 28.36 ± 13.79 Gy for the bladder, 20.36 ± 3.16 Gy versus 18.17 ± 5.11 Gy for the right femoral head, and 18.98 ± 3.28 Gy versus 16.67 ± 5.15 Gy for the left femoral head. For the rectum, lower values were obtained after application of the arc technique, not the IMRT technique: 35.84 ± 12.28 Gy versus 35.90 ± 13.05 Gy. The results indicate that the applied therapy has a statistically significant influence on the volume for a particular dose with regard to the urinary bladder. It is advisable to apply the IMRT technique to patients who need the femur heads and urinary bladder protected by exposing them to low irradiation doses.
Flexible Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Using Wrinkled Carbon Nanotube Thin Films for Human Physiological Signals

Highly sensitive and flexible components are essential for applications in wearable electronics. Using low‐cost and rapid prototyping methods, piezoresistive pressure sensors are fabricated using shrink‐film, a shape memory polymer that retracts upon heat, to introduce wrinkling in carbon nanotube thin films, which improves both elasticity and pressure sensitivity. The wrinkles not only provide strain relief, but it also improves pressure sensitivity by 12 800 fold with a response time of less than 20 ms. The improved sensitivity is due to the surface roughness of the wrinkles. When two wrinkled electrodes are coupled together, the number of electrical contact points changes upon actuation thereby changing the electrical resistivity. This study then demonstrates wearable applications, such as pulsatile blood flow monitoring and voice detection using these sensitive pressure sensors.
A Cross-layer Approach to Detect Jamming Attacks in Wireless Ad hoc Networks

Building an efficient intrusion detection system (IDS) is a challenging task in wireless ad hoc networks due to the resource constraints and lack of a centralized control. In this work, we present a decentralized monitor-based IDS for detecting jamming type denial of service (DoS) attacks at the lower layers of the protocol stack. The varying channel and network dynamics in ad hoc networks can impair service similar to a jamming scenario, resulting in false positives on intrusion detections. To this end, we incorporate a cross-layer design in our IDS to differentiate the malicious jamming behavior from genuine network failures. We validate our design through simulation, and establish the effectiveness of the model. From the simulation results, we observe a significant improvement in the accuracy of detection and lower false positives
The Concurrency Control Mechanism of SDD-1: A System for Distributed Databases (The Fully Redundant Case)

SDD-1, A System for Distributed Databases, is a distributed database system being developed by Computer Corporation of America (CCA), Cambridge, MA. SDD-1 permits data to be stored redundantly at several database sites in order to enhance the reliability and responsiveness of the system and to facilitate upward scaling of system capacity. This paper describes the method used by SDD-1 for updating data that are stored redundantly.
Maximizing Communication Concurrency via Link-Layer Packet Salvaging in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Carrier-sense medium access control (MAC) protocols such as the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) avoid collisions by holding up pending packet transmission requests when a carrier signal is observed above a certain threshold. However, this often results in unnecessarily conservative communication, thus making it difficult to maximize the utilization of the spatial spectral resource. This paper shows that a higher aggregate throughput can be achieved by allowing more concurrent communications and adjusting the communication distance on the fly, which needs provisions for the following two areas. On the one hand, carrier sense-based MAC protocols do not allow aggressive communication attempts when they are within the carrier senseable area. On the other hand, the communication distance is generally neither short nor adjustable because multihop routing protocols strive for providing minimum hop paths. This paper proposes a new MAC algorithm, called multiple access with salvation army (MASA), which adopts less sensitive carrier sensing to promote more concurrent communications and adjusts the communication distance adaptively via "packet salvaging" at the MAC layer. Extensive simulation based on the ns-2 has shown MASA to outperform the DCF, particularly in terms of packet delay. We also discuss the implementation of MASA based on the DCF specification