Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does a GATA Factor Make the Bed for Centromeric Nucleosomes?

CENP-A is an evolutionarily conserved, centromere-specific histone H3 variant. It remains a great mystery how CENP-A is correctly incorporated into the centromere, a restricted chromosomal region, despite the presence of an overwhelming amount of histone H3. We identified a cell cycle-regulated GATA factor, Ams2, as a component of the CENP-A localization pathway in fission yeast. Unexpectedly, this putative transcription factor, which belongs to a protein family containing members that remodel nucleosomes, appeared to bind to and function at the central region of the centromere. Although the centromere has in general been considered transcriptionally inactive, fission yeast’s outer centromeric region has recently been shown to encode non-translated snRNAs that are involved in heterochromatin formation. Transcription factors such as Ams2 may directly transcribe some unidentified non-translated centromeric RNAs. Transcription and/or remodeling of the nucleosomes at the centromeres may be important for the precise incorporation of CENP-A in fission yeast.
Diagnosing network disruptions with network-wide analysis

To maintain high availability in the face of changing network conditions, network operators must quickly detect, identify, and react to events that cause network disruptions. One way to accomplish this goal is to monitor routing dynamics, by analyzing routing update streams collected from routers. Existing monitoring approaches typically treat streams of routing updates from different routers as independent signals, and report only the "loud" events (i.e., events that involve large volume of routing messages). In this paper, we examine BGP routing data from all routers in the Abilene backbone for six months and correlate them with a catalog of all known disruptions to its nodes and links. We find that many important events are not loud enough to be detected from a single stream. Instead, they become detectable only when multiple BGP update streams are simultaneously examined. This is because routing updates exhibit network-wide dependencies. This paper proposes using network-wide analysis of routing information to diagnose (i.e., detect and identify) network disruptions. To detect network disruptions, we apply a multivariate analysis technique on dynamic routing information, (i.e., update traffic from all the Abilene routers) and find that this technique can detect every reported disruption to nodes and links within the network with a low rate of false alarms. To identify the type of disruption, we jointly analyze both the network-wide static configuration and details in the dynamic routing updates; we find that our method can correctly explain the scenario that caused the disruption. Although much work remains to make network-wide analysis of routing data operationally practical, our results illustrate the importance and potential of such an approach.
Streamlined real-factor FFTs

In this paper we show that Rader and Brenner's `real-factor' FFT can be streamlined so that it requires lower computational complexity as compared to the Cooley- Tukey radix-2 FFT. We then show that the fixed point implementation of `real-factor' FFT can be modified so that its noise-to-signal ratio (NSR) is lower than the NSR of Cooley-Tukey radix-2 FFT. Finally simulation results are presented which verify the suitability of `real-factor' FFTs.
A novel Gysel power divider with arbitrary power ratio for high-power application

A novel Gysel power divider with arbitrary power ratio for high-power application is presented in this paper. The power dividing ratio can be conveniently assigned by controlling the length of two branch lines without any changes in other branches. The characteristics of all the transmission lines in this divider are fixed to the same value based on the theoretical analysis, which will simplify the design procedure of unequal Gysel power. Besides, the power ratio in this Gysel power divider can be designed from 0 to ∞ without employing high impedance transmission line, which is unrealized in the conventional Gysel power divider. In order to evaluate the performance of the novel Gysel power divider, two dividers with dividing ratios of 2:1 and 4:1 are fabricated and examined. From the results it can be observed that there is excellent agreement between the simulated and measured results.
On the instantaneous topology of a large-scale urban vehicular network: the cologne case

Despite the growing interest in a real-world deployment of vehicle- to-vehicle communication, many topological features of the resulting vehicular network remain largely unknown. We still lack a clear understanding of the level of connectivity achievable in large-scale urban scenarios, of the availability and reliability of connected multi-hop paths, and of the evolution of such features over daytime. In this paper, we investigate how the instantaneous topology of the vehicular network would look like in the case of Cologne, Germany, a typical middle-sized European city. Through a complex network analysis, we unveil the low connectivity, availability, reliability and navigability of the network, and exploit our findings to derive network design and usage guidelines.
Osteonal mineralization patterns in cortical bone studied by synchrotron-radiation-based computed microtomography and scanning acoustic microscopy

Osteons are longitudinally arranged cylindrical structures, which form the structural units of cortical bone. Cortical bone remodeling is closely related to the osteonal organization as newly formed osteons continuously replace older ones. The degree of mineralization in these new osteons is initially lower than in the existing bone as it takes time before osteons mature. Synchrotron radiation-based computed microtomography (μCT) and scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) are two techniques, which have both sufficient spatial resolution and sensitivity to detect local variations in bone density. The aim of this study was therefore to compare both techniques for the analysis of osteonal mineralization. Eight human cortical bone samples were scanned with both techniques and the corresponding images were matched. Synchrotron-based μCT is not affected by beam hardening and the gray values in the reconstructed images are directly related to the local mineral density. For cortical bone this means that immature osteons appear darker than their surrounding. In SAM-images the gray values are a measure of the acoustic impedance, which is a function of the local stiffness and the density. Comparison of the μCT and the SAM images of the cortical samples shows a good correspondence in the gray values of the individual osteons.
Interactive Removal and Ground Truth for Difficult Shadow Scenes

A user-centric method for fast, interactive, robust, and high-quality shadow removal is presented. Our algorithm can perform detection and removal in a range of difficult cases, such as highly textured and colored shadows. To perform detection, an on-the-fly learning approach is adopted guided by two rough user inputs for the pixels of the shadow and the lit area. After detection, shadow removal is performed by registering the penumbra to a normalized frame, which allows us efficient estimation of nonuniform shadow illumination changes, resulting in accurate and robust removal. Another major contribution of this work is the first validated and multiscene category ground truth for shadow removal algorithms. This data set containing 186 images eliminates inconsistencies between shadow and shadow-free images and provides a range of different shadow types such as soft, textured, colored, and broken shadow. Using this data, the most thorough comparison of state-of-the-art shadow removal methods to date is performed, showing our proposed algorithm to outperform the state of the art across several measures and shadow categories. To complement our data set, an online shadow removal benchmark website is also presented to encourage future open comparisons in this challenging field of research.
Performance Modelling of Priority Queuing Discipline under Self-Similar and Poisson Traffic

The priority queueing discipline plays a crucial role in the differentiated services (DiffServ) architecture. Analytical modelling and performance evaluation of priority queueing systems have received significant research efforts in the telecommunication community. However, most existing studies have primarily focused on the analysis of such systems under either short range dependent (SRD) or long range dependent (LRD) traffic only. With the aim of investigating the impact of heterogeneous traffic on the design and performance of telecommunication networks, this paper presents an analytical model for priority queueing systems subject to heterogeneous LRD self-similar and SRD Poisson traffic. We extend the application of the generalized Schilder's theorem to deal with heterogeneous traffic and further develop the analytical upper and lower bounds for the queue length distributions of individual traffic flows. Through extensive comparisons between analytical bounds and simulation results, we validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the developed model.
Outcome Differences in Community- Versus Hospital-Acquired Hyponatremia in Patients With a Diagnosis of Heart Failure

Background—Hyponatremia at hospital admission is a well-known risk factor of morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). However, there are few data about hyponatremia developing during hospitalization in patients with HF. The present study compares hospital-acquired hyponatremia (HAH) with community-acquired hyponatremia (CAH) in HF patients with respect to outcome. Methods and Results—A total of 5347 consecutive hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of HF were analyzed. CAH was defined as a serum sodium value of ⩽135 mEq/L at the time of hospital admission. HAH was defined as development of a serum sodium level of ⩽135 mEq/L during hospitalization in the setting of a serum sodium value >135 mEq/L on admission. In-hospital mortality, length of stay, worsening kidney function, and discharge to short-/long-term care facilities were analyzed. CAH and HAH were identified in 1039 patients (19.4%) and in 1302 patients (24.4%) of the 5347 patients admitted, respectively. Both types of hyponatremia were associated with increased mortality, length of stay, rate of discharge to short-/long-term care facilities, and worsening kidney function. In-hospital mortality did not differ between CAH and HAH, but differences in demographics and comorbidities were present. Conclusions—The present results identified HAH as a risk factor for increased mortality in HF as has been previously described for CAH. HAH was associated with increased length of stay, discharge to short-/long-term care facilities, and development of cardio-renal failure. Thus, hyponatremia in hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of HF, either on admission or during hospitalization, is a prognostic marker for poor outcomes.
Improved Lower Bounds for the Shortest Superstring and Related Problems

We study the approximation hardness of the Shortest Superstring, the Maximal Compression and the Maximum Asymmetric Traveling Salesperson (MAX-ATSP) problem. We introduce a new reduction method that produces strongly restricted instances of the Shortest Superstring problem, in which the maximal orbit size is eight (with no character appearing more than eight times) and all given strings having length four. Based on this reduction method, we are able to improve the best up to now known approximation lower bound for the Shortest Superstring problem and the Maximal Compression problem by an order of magnitude. The results imply also an improved approximation lower bound for the MAX-ATSP problem.
Heat Transfer of Ferrofluids

Magnetic field‐responsive materials are an important group of smart materials. They can adaptively change their physical properties due to external magnetic field. Magnetic liquids or ferrofluids are colloidal systems of ferro or ferrimagnetic single domain nanoparticles that are dispersed either in aqueous or in organic liquids. Currently, the research field is undergoing a transition taking into account the bulk forces in fluids, which are magnetically nonuniform. These researches enable scientists to develop promising new designs. Today, because of the advancement in technology and limited energy sources, engineering innovations are focused on development of alternative resources instead of current systems. In this chapter, it is aimed to give a brief review of the heat transfer of magnetic fluids based on different types of magnetic nanoparticles as well as some of the research and results of the heat transfer of magnetite‐based ferrofluids. The heat transfer of these materials was investigated under stationary conditions, and the heat transfer coefficient was calculated.
Neomycin metabolism in calves.

Disposition of oral neomycin in calves was determined using 14C-labeled neomycin. The influences of age, diet, and method of administration were observed. All calves were killed 96 h after a single oral dose of [14C]neomycin (approximately 30 mg/kg) and the distribution of 14C in excreta and tissues was determined. As indicated by urinary excretion, absorption of neomycin was greater in 3-d-old calves (11.1 +/- 1.8% of the dose) than in 54- to 64-d-old nonruminating calves (1.5 +/- .58% of the dose) dosed similarly. Absorption of neomycin was similar in nonruminating (1.5 +/- .58%) and ruminating (2.13 +/- .62%) calves when the doses were administered in solution via a nippled bottle. In ruminating calves, absorption was somewhat less when the dose was administered on feed via a gelatin capsule (.5 +/- .06% of the dose) than when given in solution via a nippled bottle (2.13 +/- .62% of the dose). In calves dosed at 3 d of age, 14C concentration in the kidneys represented 55 +/- 4.9 ppm of neomycin equivalents. The next highest concentration occurred in the livers, which contained less than 5% of the level in kidneys. Tissue concentrations of 14C were related to absorption (as indicated by urinary excretion). Isolation and characterization (positive-ion fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) of 14C compounds in kidneys of calves dosed at 3 d of age indicated that at least 90% of the 14C was present as neomycin. Neomycin was also the major 14C compound in feces of all calves (70 to 80% of the 14C present). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Level of human TCRBV3S1 (V beta 3) expression correlates with allelic polymorphism in the spacer region of the recombination signal sequence

One of the causes of variations in the expressed human T cell receptor (TCR) BV (V beta) repertoire is genetic variation in the germline DNA. Herein evidence is provided that allelic polymorphism may affect recombination frequency for a specific V gene. Two alleles of the TCR BV3 differ only at a single nucleotide position (C/T) within the 23-bp spacer region of the recombination signal sequence. These alleles are associated with variable percentages of BV3 cells in the peripheral blood, as shown in families and in unrelated normal donors. Individuals homozygous for allele 2 have a mean of 8.1% BV3 cells, heterozygous individuals have a mean of 4.7% BV3 cells, and homozygotes for allele 1 have a mean of 1.2% BV3 cells in CD3+ CD4+ peripheral blood T cells. Since the correlation is tight in unrelated individuals and other genetic differences were not found in the vicinity of BV3, we suggest that the spacer region sequence itself modifies recombination efficiency. This allelic system provides an example of a novel mechanism by which cis-acting genetic elements may affect recombination in a natural in vivo system.
Evolution of Al–19·4Si alloy surface structure after electron beam treatment and high cycle fatigue

Abstract Processing of Al–19·4Si alloy by high intensive electron beam has been carried out, and multiple increase in fatigue life of the material has been revealed. Investigations of structure and surface modified layer destruction of Al–19·4Si alloy subjected to high cycle fatigue tests to fracture have been carried out by methods of scanning electron microscopy. The factors responsible for the increase in fatigue life of Al–19·4Si alloy have been revealed and analysed.
Nonspecific inhibition of myogenic tone by PD98059, a MEK1 inhibitor, in rat middle cerebral arteries.

Activation of MAP kinase kinase, also called ERK kinase (MEK), may lead to desinhibition of thin filament regulatory proteins and we therefore investigated the acute effects of the potent MEK inhibitor, PD98059 on the contractile properties of pressurized rat middle cerebral arteries. Cerebral arteries (diameter 100-150 microm) were mounted on a pressure myograph and PD98059 (10 microM, 40 microM) significantly inhibited (15% and 64%) myogenic tone (P < 0.001). At these concentrations, PD98059 also significantly reduced the vasopressin (0.1 microM)- and KCl (60 mM)-induced tone. Cumulative addition of exogenous Ca2+ (0.4-1.6 mM) increased myogenic tone to approximately 50% of constriction at 80 mmHg. This effect was inhibited by PD98059 (P < 0.001). These results demonstrate that pressure-induced myogenic tone is inhibited by PD98059 at the concentrations that have been reported to be selective for inhibition of MEK and the MAP kinase cascade. However, our results also demonstrate that PD98059 may have nonspecific effects on voltage-sensitive Ca2+ entry in vascular smooth muscle.
Special Functions

1 Bessel, Neumann, and Hankel Functions: Jν(x), Nν(x), H (1) ν (x), H (2) ν (x) 2 1.1 Analytic Properties and Continuation . 2 1.2 Asymptotic Approximations . 3 1.2. 1 Small Argument Limit |x| −→ 0 . 3 1.2. 2 Large Argument Limit |x| À |ν| , −π < arg(x) < π . 3 1.2. 3 Large Order Limit ν −→∞ (positive real values) . 3 1.2. 4 Wronskian relations . 3 1.3 Integral Representations . 4 1.4 Orthogonality Relationships and Fourier-Bessel Series . 4 1.5 Semi-Infinite Interval: Fourier-Bessel Transform . 5 1.6 Recursion Relationships . 6 1.7 Series and Integral Relationships . 6 1.8 Far Field Integral . 7
Study on user preferences modelling based on web mining

In view of the needs of e-commerce website for recommendation system, user interest is divided into long-term interest and short-term interest, furthermore, based on long-term interest and short-term interest, a way to describe user-s preferences is proposed. Utilising the data from the web server database, using unsupervised learning, user's registration information can be fully mined to abstract user's long-term interest. Based on vector mapping, both the records data and content data on the server log is analysed to abstract user's short-term interest. Moreover, the rough profile presenting user's preferences can be modified by dealing with user's feedback, making updating user's preferences profile possible. Case analysis illustrates that to a certain extent this method is reasonable and feasible.
BUT QUESST 2014 system description

The primary system we submitted was composed of 11 subsystems as the required run. 3 subsystems are based on Acoustic Keyword Spotting (AKWS) and 8 on Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). The AKWS systems were based only on phoneme posteriors while the DTW subsystems were based on both phoneme posteriors and Bottle-Neck features (BN) as input. The underlying phoneme posterior estimators / bottle-neck feature extractors were both in-language (Czech) and out-of-language (other 4 languages). We also performed experiments on T1/T2/T3 types of query, system calibration and fusion based on binary logistic regression. 1. MOTIVATION In comparison to last year [7], we decided to use lower number of systems in parallel. Our goal was to further investigate the sensitivity of particular approaches to the language / channel mismatch in the query and utterance data. Also, coping with different types of queries was challenging this year [1]. Similarly to last year, we used systems already available at BUT (so-called Atomic Systems). This led to several inconsistencies — for example, feature extraction and sizes of the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN).
Elastic Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

A new and very promising development in the field of materials science is the discovery of carbon nanotubes. Research into these tiny structures is motivated by their unusual and potentially useful properties. Computational values for the Poisson’s ratio seem to agree with experimental data and other computational predictions. However, both experimental and computational research into the Young’s modulus of SWCNT’s has yielded conflicting results. The disagreement over the value of the Young’s modulus stems from the difficulty in defining an area over which the force is applied.
The method of double averaging: an approach for modeling power-factor-correction switching converters

This paper describes the modeling of power-factor-correction converters under average-current-mode control, which are widely used in switch-mode power supply applications. The objective is to identify stability boundaries in terms of major circuit parameters for facilitating design of such converters. The approach employs a double averaging procedure, which first applies the usual averaging over the switching period and subsequently applies generalized averaging over the mains period. The resulting model, after two averaging steps and application of a harmonic balance procedure, is nonlinear and capable of describing the low-frequency nonlinear dynamics of the system. The parameter ranges within which stable operation is guaranteed can be accurately and easily found using this model. Experimental measurements are provided for verification of the analytical results.
Prolonged experimental drought reduces plant hydraulic conductance and transpiration and increases mortality in a piñon–juniper woodland

Plant hydraulic conductance (ks) is a critical control on whole-plant water use and carbon uptake and, during drought, influences whether plants survive or die. To assess long-term physiological and hydraulic responses of mature trees to water availability, we manipulated ecosystem-scale water availability from 2007 to 2013 in a piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus monosperma) woodland. We examined the relationship between ks and subsequent mortality using more than 5 years of physiological observations, and the subsequent impact of reduced hydraulic function and mortality on total woody canopy transpiration (EC) and conductance (GC). For both species, we observed significant reductions in plant transpiration (E) and ks under experimentally imposed drought. Conversely, supplemental water additions increased E and ks in both species. Interestingly, both species exhibited similar declines in ks under the imposed drought conditions, despite their differing stomatal responses and mortality patterns during drought. Reduced whole-plant ks also reduced carbon assimilation in both species, as leaf-level stomatal conductance (gs) and net photosynthesis (An) declined strongly with decreasing ks. Finally, we observed that chronically low whole-plant ks was associated with greater canopy dieback and mortality for both piñon and juniper and that subsequent reductions in woody canopy biomass due to mortality had a significant impact on both daily and annual canopy EC and GC. Our data indicate that significant reductions in ks precede drought-related tree mortality events in this system, and the consequence is a significant reduction in canopy gas exchange and carbon fixation. Our results suggest that reductions in productivity and woody plant cover in piñon–juniper woodlands can be expected due to reduced plant hydraulic conductance and increased mortality of both piñon pine and juniper under anticipated future conditions of more frequent and persistent regional drought in the southwestern United States.