Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reputation-Based Attack-Resistant Cooperation Stimulation (RACS) For Mobile Ad hoc Networks

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), nodes usually belong to different authorities and pursue different goals. In order to maximize their own performance, nodes in such networks tend to be selfish and are not willing to forward packets for benefit of others. Meanwhile, some nodes may behave maliciously and try to disrupt the network through wasting other nodes resources in a very large scale. In this article, we present a reputation-based attack resistant cooperation stimulation (RACS) system which ensures that damage caused by malicious nodes can be bounded and cooperation among the selfish nodes can be enforced. Mathematical analyses of the system as well as the simulation results have confirmed effectiveness of our proposed system. RACS is completely self-organizing and distributed. It does not require any tamper-proof hardware or central management policy.
Canonical bases for the quantum group of type $A_r$ and piecewise-linear combinatorics

This work was motivated by the following two problems from the classical representation theory. (Both problems make sense for an arbitrary complex semisimple Lie algebra but since we shall deal only with the Ar case, we formulate them in this generality). 1. Construct a “good” basis in every irreducible finite-dimensional slr+1-module Vλ, which “materializes” the Littlewood-Richardson rule. A precise formulation of this problem was given in [3]; we shall explain it in more detail a bit later. 2. Construct a basis in every polynomial representation of GLr+1, such that the maximal element w0 of the Weyl group Sr+1 (considered as an element of GLr+1) acts on this basis by a permutation (up to a sign), and explicitly compute this permutation. This problem is motivated by recent work by John Stembridge [10] and was brought to our attention by his talk at the Jerusalem Combinatorics Conference, May 1993.
Cleantech Venture Investors and Energy Policy Risk: An Exploratory Analysis of Regulatory Risk Management Strategies

The energy industry is a typical example of a heavily regulated industry, and particularly large incumbent energy firms have developed significant expertise in non-market strategies (or corporate political activity). New entrants to the energy industry, such as clean energy technology ventures, are also exposed to regulatory risk (and opportunity), but they do not have the means to engage in non-market strategies to a similar extent as large incumbent firms. On the other hand, the success of investments in these firms significantly depends on managing regulatory risk. However, little is known empirically about how venture investors perceive energy policy risk and what they do to manage it. Based on a survey among 60 venture capital firms in Europe and North America, we attempt to close this gap in the current literature. We build on our survey data to develop a typology of regulatory risk management strategies adopted by these investment firms.
Research of Cluster Analysis in Data Mining

Cluster analysis is made up of patterns,and becoming increasingly essential in data mining field.This paper briefly introduces the basic concept,means and application of cluster analysis discussing about cluster analysis by using a case of customer transaction.In order to know about much imoport information of running,funds,profits and customers.And analyze state of client,bargaining action,naturaless attribute and other information,subdivide customer groups and fix on core client.By using various methods of cluster analysis,it is effective project to develop pertinence service.
Limited Gene Expression Variation in Human Embryonic Stem Cell and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Endothelial Cells

Recent evidence suggests human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines have differences in their epigenetic marks and transcriptomes, yet the impact of these differences on subsequent terminally differentiated cells is less well understood. Comparison of purified, homogeneous populations of somatic cells derived from multiple independent human iPS and ES lines will be required to address this critical question. Here, we report a differentiation protocol based on embryonic development that consistently yields large numbers of endothelial cells (ECs) derived from multiple hESCs or iPS cells. Mesoderm differentiation of embryoid bodies was maximized, and defined growth factors were used to generate KDR+ EC progenitors. Magnetic purification of a KDR+ progenitor subpopulation resulted in an expanding, homogeneous pool of ECs that expressed EC markers and had functional properties of ECs. Comparison of the transcriptomes revealed limited gene expression variability between multiple lines of human iPS‐derived ECs or between lines of ES‐ and iPS‐derived ECs. These results demonstrate a method to generate large numbers of pure human EC progenitors and differentiated ECs from pluripotent stem cells and suggest individual lineages derived from human iPS cells may have significantly less variance than their pluripotent founders. STEM Cells2013;31:92–103
Effects of pirfenidone on procollagen gene expression at the transcriptional level in bleomycin hamster model of lung fibrosis.

A time course study was carried out to elucidate the mechanisms for antifibrotic effect of pirfenidone (PD). Hamsters were intratracheally (i.t.) instilled with saline (SA) or bleomycin (BL) (7.5 units/kg/5 ml). The animals were fed a diet containing 0.5% PD or the same control diet (CD) without the drug 2 days before and throughout the study. The animals were sacrificed at various times after instillation. The lung hydroxyproline level in BL + CD groups was gradually increased and peaked at 21 days to 181% of the SA + CD control. The BL + PD-treated groups showed a gradual decrease in their lung collagen content, showing a maximum reduction of 40% at day 21. The lung malondialdehyde levels of the BL + CD groups were increased by several-fold of the corresponding SA + CD groups at various times. The lung prolyl hydroxylase (PH) activities in the BL + CD groups were also increased by several-fold of the corresponding SA + CD groups at these time points. The hamsters in the BL + PD showed a gradual decrease in the lung malondialdehyde levels from 10 to 21days compared with their corresponding BL + CD groups. Treatment with PD also reduced the lung PH activities in the BL + PD groups compared with the corresponding BL + CD groups. However, PD failed to manifest any direct inhibitory effect on PH activity in vitro. BL treatment increased the lung procollagen I and III gene expressions in the BL + CD groups by several-fold at varying times compared with the corresponding SA + CD, and treatment with PD in the BL + PD groups significantly down-regulated the BL-induced overexpression of these genes. Studies evaluating the regulation of these genes at the transcriptional level revealed PD significantly reduced the transcription of PC I at 14 days. Our results indicate that the antifibrotic effect of PD was partly due to suppression of the BL-induced inflammatory events and partly due to down-regulation of BL-induced overexpression of lung procollagen I and III genes.
Flood Mapping With TerraSAR-X in Forested Regions in Estonia

In this study, an extensive flood in Estonia during spring 2010 was mapped with TerraSAR-X data acquired over both open and forested areas. This was the first time when a large scale flooding area was mapped in Estonia by means of spaceborne remote sensing. This was also the first time when X-band SAR images were successfully used for flood mapping under the forest canopy in the temperate forest zone. The tree height in the study region was 15-25 meters on average, and main tree species were birch (leaf-off condition), pine and spruce. The results were compared with ALOS PALSAR and Envisat ASAR images of the same flooding event. In the study area, TerraSAR-X provided on average 3.2 dB higher backscatter over mixed forest flooded areas compared to non-flooded areas. In deciduous and coniferous forests the difference in average backscatter between flooded and non-flooded forests was even greater, 6.2 dB and 4.0 dB, respectively. A supervised classification algorithm was developed to produce high resolution maps of the flooded area from the TerraSAR-X images to demonstrate the flood mapping capability at X-band. Our results show, that spaceborne X-band SAR data, which currently has the highest resolution among the SAR instruments in space, can be used to map floods under forest canopy in temperate zone despite its short wavelength and high attenuation.
A note on the hierarchy-team debate

This note explores the debate between proponents of organizational learning who have criticized hierarchy as an obstacle to learning and those who have defended hierarchy as indispensable for large organizations. By considering hierarchy and team as ideal-typical information systems, it is argued that both teams and hierarchies are essential for organizational learning in large organizations. Teams appear to be the key learning units which are indispensable for producing and understanding novel information, and hierarchies are indispensable for processing and storing important learning results. The trade-off between teams and hierarchy can be solved by emphasizing the idea of circularity, involving the ability to switch between teams and hierarchies as complementary information systems in the context of organizational learning.
Ecological investigation of firm effects in horizontal mergers

Using an ecological lens, we extend strategic management and industrial organization theory to investigate the performance effects of horizontal mergers. We theorize that firms differ in their ability to benefit from horizontal mergers; that the products involved in the merger differ in their ability to attain and sustain any increase in performance above their premerger level; and that resource niches in which each product competes differ in terms of competitive constraints. We then test these predictions using longitudinal data specified at the product–market level, a unit of analysis that is less influenced by aggregation bias than are industry, firm, and even line‐of‐business level data. Our findings demonstrate how organizational ecology, when coupled with strategic management and industrial organization economic theories, can enrich our understanding of horizontal mergers. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Scheme for Categorizing Traumatic Military Events

A common assumption among clinicians and researchers is that war trauma primarily involves fear-based reactions to life-threatening situations. However, the authors believe that there are multiple types of trauma in the military context, each with unique perievent and postevent response patterns. To test this hypothesis, they reviewed structured clinical interviews of 122 active duty service members and assigned the reported index (principal, most currently distressing) events to one or more of the following categories: Life Threat to Self, Life Threat to Others, Aftermath of Violence, Traumatic Loss, Moral Injury by Self, and Moral Injury by Others. They found high interrater reliability for the coding scheme and support for the construct validity of the categorizations. In addition, they discovered that certain categories were related to psychiatric symptoms (e.g., reexperiencing of the traumatic event, guilt, anger) and negative thoughts about the world. Their study provides tentative support for use of these event categories.
8-Hydroxy-2-methylquinolinium tetrachlorido(quinolin-8-olato-κ2 N,O)stannate(IV) acetonitrile monosolvate

In the title solvated salt, (C10H10NO)[SnCl4(C9H6NO)]·CH3CN, the SnIV atom is chelated by the N,O-bidentate 8-hydroxyquinolinate ligand and four chloride ions, generating a distorted SnONCl4 octahedral coordination geometry for the metal. In the crystal, the cations are linked to the anions and the solvent molecules by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, respectively.
Best address: the use of innovative marketing in the real estate industry

Purpose – This paper seeks to explore the successful entrepreneurial marketing communications done by a small, residential real estate firm, Best Address® LLC, in Washington, DC (USA). The goal of the study is to develop an understanding of best practices used by this firm that can translate into marketing tactics used by other small businesses.Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative research was conducted to investigate the tactics used by Best Address® LLC along with an extensive academic literature search to provide support for the study's findings.Findings – The service quality portrayed by the firm's marketing communication efforts were examined and the key tactics used by this firm were categorized into three areas that fall in line with previous research on successful entrepreneurial marketing strategy. This paper concludes by presenting a theoretical model that conceptualizes service quality as a function of the marketing communications efforts executed by a firm in hopes of guiding entrepreneur.
Modeling Banking, Sovereign, and Macro Risk in a CCA Global VAR

The purpose of this paper is to develop a model framework for the analysis of interactions between banking sector risk, sovereign risk, corporate sector risk, real economic activity, and credit growth for 15 European countries and the United States. It is an integrated macroeconomic systemic risk model framework that draws on the advantages of forward-looking contingent claims analysis (CCA) risk indicators for the banking systems in each country, forward-looking CCA risk indicators for sovereigns, and a GVAR model to combine the banking, the sovereign, and the macro sphere. The CCA indicators capture the nonlinearity of changes in bank assets, equity capital, credit spreads, and default probabilities. They capture the expected losses, spreads and default probability for sovereigns. Key to the framework is that sovereign credit spreads, banking system credit risk, corporate sector credit risk, economic growth, and credit variables are combined in a fully endogenous setting. Upon estimation and calibration of the global model, we simulate various negative and positive shock scenarios, particularly to bank and sovereign risk. The goal is to use this framework to analyze the impact and spillover of shocks and to help identify policies that would mitigate banking system, sovereign credit risk and recession risk - policies including bank capital increases, purchase of sovereign debt, and guarantees.
Transforming product oriented businesses towards service providers: A case study of service design at Siemens Cranes:

Although in a service economy a large portion of the gross domestic product is the result of rendered services, some sectors or business clusters are only lately witnessing the emergence of service provisioning in their industries. In the case of Siemens Cranes, which primary focusses on large crane projects and the sale of electrical subsystems, an increase in the need for additional service is currently being witnessed in the container cranes industry. Specifically the end users, in this case the container terminals, are requiring additional service in order to improve their overall efficiency and effectiveness of their core business. Although selling both goods and services can be pursued by a single firm, providing services differs from selling goods. Providing services requires different strategies, processes and methods in order to develop, manage, sell and innovate services. The goal of this thesis is to increase the understanding of redesigning services by researching current business models and the needs of the end users in order to ultimately create a competitive service through the service dominant perspective.
Generalized Quadratic Receivers for Unitary Space–Time Modulation Over Rayleigh Fading Channels

We propose the generalized quadratic receivers (GQRs) for unitary space-time modulation over flat Rayleigh fading channels. The GQRs realize the performance improvement potential, known to be approximately 2-4 dB, between the quadratic receiver (QR) and the coherent receiver (CR), by performing channel estimation without the help of additional training signals that consume additional bandwidth. They are designed for various unitary space-time constellations (USTC) in which signal matrices may or may not contain explicit inherent training blocks, and may be orthogonal or nonorthogonal to one another. As the channel memory span exploited for channel estimation increases, the error probability of the GQRs reduces from that of the QR to that of the CR. The GQRs work well for both slow and fast fading channels, and the performance improvement increases as the channel fade rate decreases. For a class of USTC with the orthogonal design structure, the GQR is simplified to a form whose complexity can be less than the complexity of the QR or even that of the simplified form of the QR.
The chicken H5 gene is unlinked to core and H1 histone genes.

An H5 cDNA clone was used to select H5 genomal recombinants from a chicken Charon 4A library. DNA sequence analysis shows that the H5 gene contains no introns. Putative 5' promoter elements and a 3' polyadenylation site are present within the 1.8 kb of DNA examined. Analysis of 41 kb of DNA surrounding the H5 gene shows that it is not closely linked to either H1 or core histone genes.Images
Probabilistic reachability for stochastic hybrid systems: theory, computations, and applications

Stochastic Hybrid Systems are probabilistic models suitable at describing the dynamics of variables presenting interleaved and interacting continuous and discrete components. Engineering systems like communication networks or automotive and air traffic control systems, financial and industrial processes like market and manufacturing models, and natural systems like biological and ecological environments exhibit compound behaviors arising from the compositions and interactions between their heterogeneous components. Hybrid Systems are mathematical models that are by definition suitable to describe such complex systems. The effect of the uncertainty upon the involved discrete and continuous dynamics—both endogenously and exogenously to the system—is virtually unquestionable for biological systems and often inevitable for engineering systems, and naturally leads to the employment of stochastic hybrid models. The first part of this dissertation introduces gradually the modeling framework and focuses on some of its features. In particular, two sequential approximation procedures are introduced, which translate a general stochastic hybrid framework into a new probabilistic model. Their convergence properties are sketched. It is argued that the obtained model is more predisposed to analysis and computations. The kernel of the thesis concentrates on understanding the theoretical and computational issues associated with an original notion of probabilistic reachability for controlled stochastic hybrid systems. The formal approach is based on formulating reachability analysis as a stochastic optimal control problem, which is solved via dynamic programming. A number of related and significant control problems, such as that of probabilistic safety, are reinterpreted with this approach. The technique is also computationally tested on a benchmark case study throughout the whole work. Moreover, a methodological application of the concept in the area of Systems Biology is presented: a model for the production of antibiotic as a component of the stress response network for the bacterium Bacillus subtilis is described. The model allows one to reinterpret the survival analysis for the single bacterial cell as a probabilistic safety specification problem, which is then studied by the aforementioned technique. In conclusion, this dissertation aims at introducing a novel concept of probabilistic reachability that is both formally rigorous, computationally analyzable and of applicative interest. Furthermore, by the introduction of convergent approximation procedures, the thesis relates and positively compares the presented approach with other techniques in the literature.
Sample Size/Power Calculation for Case–Cohort Studies

Summary In epidemiologic studies and disease prevention trials, interest often involves estimation of the relationship between some disease endpoints and individual exposure. In some studies, due to the rarity of the disease and the cost in collecting the exposure information for the entire cohort, a case–cohort design, which consists of a small random sample of the whole cohort and all the diseased subjects, is often used. Previous work has focused on analyzing data from the case–cohort design and few have discussed the sample size issues. In this article, we describe two tests for the case–cohort design, which can be treated as a natural generalization of log‐rank test in the full cohort design. We derive an explicit form for power/sample size calculation based on these two tests. A number of simulation studies have been used to illustrate the efficiency of the tests for the case–cohort design. An example is provided on how to use the formula.
p115 Rho GTPase activating protein interacts with MEKK1

Mammalian MAP/ERK kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1) was identified as a mammalian homolog of Ste11p of the yeast pheromone‐induced mating pathway. Like Ste11p, MEKK1 is a MAP3 kinase linked to at least two MAP kinase cascades and regulatory events that require cytoskeletal reorganization. MEKK1 is activated by molecules that impact cytoskeletal function. MEKK1−/−cells are defective in cell migration, demonstrating that it is required for cell motility. MEKK1 has a 1,200 residue N‐terminal regulatory domain that interacts with a dozen identified proteins. Using part of the MEKK1 N‐terminus in a yeast two‐hybrid screen, we discovered a novel interaction with p115 Rho GTPase‐activating protein (GAP). The p115 Rho GAP binds to MEKK1 in vitro and in intact cells. The p115 Rho GAP has selectivity for RhoA over other Rho family members. Expression of p115 Rho GAP reduces MEKK1‐induced signaling to AP‐1. The reduced activation of AP‐1 is dependent on the association of MEKK1 with p115 Rho GAP, because deletion of the Rho GAP SH3 domain, which abrogates their interaction, restores the stimulatory effect of MEKK1 on AP‐1 activity. Here we have identified an MEKK1 binding partner that offers a connection between this protein kinase and the machinery regulating cytoskeletal reorganization. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.