Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital Libraries and Autonomous Citation Indexing

The revolution the Web has brought to information dissemination is not so much due to the availability of data-huge amounts of information has long been available in libraries-but rather the improved efficiency of accessing (improved accessibility to) that information. The Web promises to make more scientific articles more easily available. By making the context of citations easily and quickly browsable, autonomous citation indexing can help to evaluate the importance of individual contributions more accurately and quickly. Digital libraries incorporating ACI can help organize scientific literature and may significantly improve the efficiency of dissemination and feedback. ACI may also help speed the transition to scholarly electronic publishing.
Toward a unified view of diversity partitioning.

Brudvig, L. A. 2009. Woody encroachment removal from midwestern oak savannas alters understory diversity across space and time. Restoration Ecology 18:78-84. Crist, T. O. , J. A. Veech, J. C. Gering, and K. S. Summerville. 2003. Partitioning species diversity across landscapes and regions: a hierarchical analysis of a, p, and y diversity. American Naturalist 162:7'34? 743. Hendrickx, F. , et al. 2007. How landscape structure, land-use intensity and habitat diversity affect components of total arthropod diversity in agricultural landscapes. Journal of Applied Ecology 44:340-351. Hill, M. O. 1973. Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology 54:427-432. Jost, L. 2007. Partitioning diversity into independent alpha and beta components. Ecology 88:2427-2439. Lande, R. 1996. Statistics and partitioning of species diversity, and similarity among multiple communities. Oikos 76:5-13. Legendre, P., D. Bocard, and D. R. Peres-Neto. 2005. Analyzing beta diversity: partitioning the spatial variation of community composition data. Ecological Monographs 75: 435-440. Martin, L. M. , K. A. Moloney, and B. J. Wilsey. 2005. An assessment of grassland restoration success using species diversity components. Journal of Applied Ecology 42:327 336. Olszewski, T. D. 2004. A unified mathematical framework for the measurement of richness and evenness within and among multiple communities. Oikos 104:377-387. Polley, H. W. , B. J. Wilsey, and J. D. Derner. 2005. Patterns of plant species diversity in remnant and restored tallgrass prairies. Restoration Ecology 13:480-487. Ricotta, C. 2007. Computing additive p-diversity from presence and absence scores: a critique and alternative parameters. Theoretical Population Biology 73:244-249. Veech, J. A. , K. S. Summerville, T. O. Crist, and J. C. Gering. 2002. The additive partitioning of species diversity: recent revival of an old idea. Oikos 99:3-9. Veech, J. A. , and T. O. Crist. 2010. Diversity partitioning without statistical independence of alpha and beta. Ecology 91:1964-1969. Whittaker, R. H. 1960. Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California. Ecological Monographs 30:279-338. Whittaker, R. 1972. Evolution and measurement of species diversity. Taxon 21:213-215. Wilsey, B. J., L. M. Martin, and H. W. Polley. 2005. Predicting plant extinction based on species-area curves in prairie fragments with high beta richness. Conservation Biology 19: 1835-1841.
An overview of outlier detection methods

Outlier detection is a necessary task; in many safety critical environments such as aircraft engine rotation failure, factory production line, network intrusion, and bust analysis. Most proposed methods are based on distance and density based outlier detection which simply detects outliers by calculating distances or density between the data points. In high dimensional datasets, it's very difficult to find outliers with the measure of distance or density methods, because in such spaces the data become sparse and the imagination of data distribution is also hard. So with the curse of dimensionality we discuss a cluster based method that examines the behavior of the data in low dimensional projection. On the other hand most existing methods detect outliers with some parameters that needed to be defined by users in advance. In some cases it is very difficult for users to define these parameters. To solve such problems, example based method has been proposed. In this paper, wide and different modem technologies of outlier detection will be considered.
Information Pyramids : A New Approach to Visualising Large Hierarchies

This paper presents work in progress on a new technique for visualising and manipulating large hierarchies. The Information Pyramids approach compactly visualises hierarchical structures in three dimensions using pyramid-like structures, which grow upwards as the hierarchy is descended. The technique is described in the context of our early experience with a prototype file system visualiser based on Information Pyramids.
Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars Estimated from Infinite Distributions

In this paper, we consider probabilistic context-free grammars, a class of generative devices that has been successfully exploited in several applications of syntactic pattern matching, especially in statistical natural language parsing. We investigate the problem of training probabilistic context-free grammars on the basis of distributions defined over an infinite set of trees or an infinite set of sentences by minimizing the cross-entropy. This problem has applications in cases of context-free approximation of distributions generated by more expressive statistical models. We show several interesting theoretical properties of probabilistic context-free grammars that are estimated in this way, including the previously unknown equivalence between the grammar cross-entropy with the input distribution and the so-called derivational entropy of the grammar itself. We discuss important consequences of these results involving the standard application of the maximum-likelihood estimator on finite tree and sentence samples, as well as other finite-state models such as hidden Markov models and probabilistic finite automata.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate Rescues TRPM4 Channels from Desensitization*

TRPM4 is a Ca2+-activated nonselective cation channel that regulates membrane potential in response to intracellular Ca2+ signaling. In lymphocytes it plays an essential role in shaping the pattern of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations that lead to cytokine secretion. To better understand its role in this and other physiological processes, we investigated mechanisms by which TRPM4 is regulated. TRPM4 was expressed in ChoK1 cells, and currents were measured in excised patches. Under these conditions, TRPM4 currents were activated by micromolar concentrations of cytoplasmic Ca2+ and progressively desensitized. Here we show that desensitization can be explained by a loss of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) from the channels. Poly-l-lysine, a PI(4,5)P2 scavenger, caused rapid desensitization, whereas MgATP, at concentrations that activate lipid kinases, promoted recovery of TRPM4 currents. Application of exogenous PI(4,5)P2 to the intracellular surface of the patch restored the properties of TRPM4 currents. Our results suggest that PI(4,5)P2 acts to uncouple channel opening from changes in the transmembrane potential, allowing current activation at physiological voltages. These data argue that hydrolysis of PI(4,5)P2 underlies desensitization of TRPM4 and support the idea that PI(4,5)P2 is a general regulator for the gating of TRPM ion channels.
Connecting to Create: Expertise in Musical Improvisation Is Associated with Increased Functional Connectivity between Premotor and Prefrontal Areas

Musicians have been used extensively to study neural correlates of long-term practice, but no studies have investigated the specific effects of training musical creativity. Here, we used human functional MRI to measure brain activity during improvisation in a sample of 39 professional pianists with varying backgrounds in classical and jazz piano playing. We found total hours of improvisation experience to be negatively associated with activity in frontoparietal executive cortical areas. In contrast, improvisation training was positively associated with functional connectivity of the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, dorsal premotor cortices, and presupplementary areas. The effects were significant when controlling for hours of classical piano practice and age. These results indicate that even neural mechanisms involved in creative behaviors, which require a flexible online generation of novel and meaningful output, can be automated by training. Second, improvisational musical training can influence functional brain properties at a network level. We show that the greater functional connectivity seen in experienced improvisers may reflect a more efficient exchange of information within associative networks of importance for musical creativity.
Deriving Eecient Cache Coherence Protocols through Reenement

We address the problem of developing eecient cache coherence protocols for use in distributed systems implementing distributed shared memory (DSM) using message passing. A serious drawback of traditional approaches to this problem is that the users are required to state the desired coherence protocol at the level of asynchronous message interactions involving request, acknowledge, and negative acknowledge messages, and handle unexpected messages by introducing intermediate states. Proofs of correctness of protocols described in terms of low level asynchronous messages are very involved. Often the proofs hold only for speciic conngura-tions and buuer allocations. We propose a method in which the users state the desired protocol directly in terms of the desired high-level eeect, namely synchronization and coordination, using the synchronous rendezvous construct. These descriptions are much easier to understand and computationally more eecient to verify than asynchronous protocols due to their small state spaces. The rendezvous protocol can also be synthesized into eecient asynchronous protocols. In this paper, we present our protocol reenement procedure, prove its soundness, and provide examples of its eeciency. Our synthesis procedure applies to large classes of DSM protocols.
Improved design criterion for space-frequency trellis codes in MIMO-OFDM systems

In this paper, the design problem and the robustness of space-frequency trellis codes for MIMO-OFDM systems are studied. We find that the channel constructed by the consecutive subcarriers of an OFDM block is a correlated fading channel with regular correlation function of the number and time delay of the multipaths. We decompose the correlated fading channel into two independent components: slow fading channel and fast fading channel. Therefore the design problem of space-frequency trellis codes is converted into the problem that we jointly design the space-time trellis code both in slow fading channel and in fast fading channel. We also show that the space-frequency trellis codes designed according to our criterion are robust against the time delay of multipaths. Simulation results are provided to confirm our theoretic analysis.
Chiral meson masses at finite temperature and density

The ratio of the sigma mass to the pion mass at finite temperatures and densities provides for a quantitative signal of chiral symmetry breaking. We calculate this ratio by using an extension to finite chemical potential of the field theoretic composite operator formalism as applied to QCD. The calculation is limited to regions of the phase diagram where only quark-antiquark condensates dominate (no quark-quark condensates) and it confirms the expected behaviours. In particular the sigma becomes an essentially stable particle in a narrow region bordering the transition line from broken to restored chirality . This pattern is qualitatively the same both for the region where the transition is of second order as for the region where it is of first order (apart from the discontinuities expected in the latter case).
Integrated control of in-wheel-motored electric vehicles using a model predictive control method

A model predictive control (MPC) approach for the integrated control of active front steering (AFS), direct yaw moment control (DYC) and motor torque allocation in four in-wheel driving electric vehicles (EVs) is presented. A nonlinear vehicle model is formulated with nonlinear tire characteristic for MPC method, which can predict future system dynamics in predict horizon. And a cost function of the optimal control problem is defined over a receding horizon in order to meet the multiple control requirements taking hard constraints into account. The MPC scheme is composed of two parts: a high-level reference module related to driver steering commands, and a low-level MPC control allocation computing a sequence of control outputs to improve yaw stability performance at each sample time. The proposed controller is verified effectively on eight degrees of freedom (8DOF) nonlinear EVs model platform.
A study of in-vitro interaction of Ketotifen Fumarate with Domperidone at different gastric and intestinal pH

Aim — The main focus of the project was to identify whether there is any interaction between Ketotifen Fumarate (antihistamine) and domperidone (Antiemetic/dopaminergic antagonist) present or not at simulated gastric and intestinal solutions of different pH. Methods — Using Job's continuous-variation analysis the possible drug-drug interaction was determined at a fixed temperature (37oC) at the studied pH. From Job's continuous-variation analysis the views of drug-drug interaction at different concentration ratio at all pH (0.4, 1.2, 2.0, 2.8, 6.8, and 7.4) except 6.0 were noted. Results — Data obtained from spectroscopic analysis showed decrease in free-drug concentration of both of the drugs analyzed when they were within the same gastric simulated solution. Conclusion — Concurrent administration of Ketotifen Fumarate and domperidone would result in the formation of a stable complex and this is likely to reduce the the rapeutic activities of both drugs.
Comparing the CarbonTracker and TM5-4DVar data assimilation systems for CO2 surface flux inversions

Abstract. Data assimilation systems allow for estimating surface fluxes of greenhouse gases from atmospheric concentration measurements. Good knowledge about fluxes is essential to understand how climate change affects ecosystems and to characterize feedback mechanisms. Based on the assimilation of more than 1 year of atmospheric in situ concentration measurements, we compare the performance of two established data assimilation models, CarbonTracker and TM5-4DVar (Transport Model 5 – Four-Dimensional Variational model), for CO2 flux estimation. CarbonTracker uses an ensemble Kalman filter method to optimize fluxes on ecoregions. TM5-4DVar employs a 4-D variational method and optimizes fluxes on a 6° × 4° longitude–latitude grid. Harmonizing the input data allows for analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches by direct comparison of the modeled concentrations and the estimated fluxes. We further assess the sensitivity of the two approaches to the density of observations and operational parameters such as the length of the assimilation time window. Our results show that both models provide optimized CO2 concentration fields of similar quality. In Antarctica CarbonTracker underestimates the wintertime CO2 concentrations, since its 5-week assimilation window does not allow for adjusting the distant surface fluxes in response to the detected concentration mismatch. Flux estimates by CarbonTracker and TM5-4DVar are consistent and robust for regions with good observation coverage, regions with low observation coverage reveal significant differences. In South America, the fluxes estimated by TM5-4DVar suffer from limited representativeness of the few observations. For the North American continent, mimicking the historical increase of the measurement network density shows improving agreement between CarbonTracker and TM5-4DVar flux estimates for increasing observation density.
A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study of the Brain of University Students Majoring in Music and Nonmusic Disciplines

The brain changes flexibly due to various experiences during the developmental stages of life. Previous voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies have shown volumetric differences between musicians and nonmusicians in several brain regions including the superior temporal gyrus, sensorimotor areas, and superior parietal cortex. However, the reported brain regions depend on the study and are not necessarily consistent. By VBM, we investigated the effect of musical training on the brain structure by comparing university students majoring in music with those majoring in nonmusic disciplines. All participants were right-handed healthy Japanese females. We divided the nonmusic students into two groups and therefore examined three groups: music expert (ME), music hobby (MH), and nonmusic (NM) group. VBM showed that the ME group had the largest gray matter volumes in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG; BA 44), left middle occipital gyrus (BA 18), and bilateral lingual gyrus. These differences are considered to be caused by neuroplasticity during long and continuous musical training periods because the MH group showed intermediate volumes in these regions.
TurboGraph: a fast parallel graph engine handling billion-scale graphs in a single PC

Graphs are used to model many real objects such as social networks and web graphs. Many real applications in various fields require efficient and effective management of large-scale graph structured data. Although distributed graph engines such as GBase and Pregel handle billion-scale graphs, the user needs to be skilled at managing and tuning a distributed system in a cluster, which is a nontrivial job for the ordinary user. Furthermore, these distributed systems need many machines in a cluster in order to provide reasonable performance. In order to address this problem, a disk-based parallel graph engine called Graph-Chi, has been recently proposed. Although Graph-Chi significantly outperforms all representative (disk-based) distributed graph engines, we observe that Graph-Chi still has serious performance problems for many important types of graph queries due to 1) limited parallelism and 2) separate steps for I/O processing and CPU processing. In this paper, we propose a general, disk-based graph engine called TurboGraph to process billion-scale graphs very efficiently by using modern hardware on a single PC. TurboGraph is the first truly parallel graph engine that exploits 1) full parallelism including multi-core parallelism and FlashSSD IO parallelism and 2) full overlap of CPU processing and I/O processing as much as possible. Specifically, we propose a novel parallel execution model, called pin-and-slide. TurboGraph also provides engine-level operators such as BFS which are implemented under the pin-and-slide model. Extensive experimental results with large real datasets show that TurboGraph consistently and significantly outperforms Graph-Chi by up to four orders of magnitude! Our implementation of TurboGraph is available at ``http://wshan.net/turbograph}" as executable files.
Study on Corporate Financial Diagnosis Based on Free Cash Flow - Taking Sichuan Changhong Group as an Example

Since free cash flow has been widely employed in financial consultation, credit rating and other businesses in western countries, its financial functions have been recognized by more and more scholars. Compared with profit and net operating cash flow, free cash flow has the advantages of zero risk, excellent practicality, and comprehensive information. In this paper, the author intends to, on the basis of free cash flow, establish a financial diagnosis indicator system to assess the debt-paying ability, operation ability, quality of earnings, and growth ability of enterprise in an all-round way, and incorporate the financial diagnosis indictors into the Du Pont system so as to make more objective and comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis of corporate financial situation.
UBI-Hotspot 1.0: Large-Scale Long-Term Deployment of Interactive Public Displays in a City Center

We present the design, implementation, deployment and evaluation of novel urban computing infrastructure called ‘UBI-hotspot’. It is effectively a large interactive public display embedded with other computing resources. We have deployed a network of UBI-hotspots around downtown Oulu, Finland, to establish a public laboratory for conducting experimental ubiquitous computing research in authentic urban setting with diverse real users and with sufficient scale and time span. We focus on the first version of the UBI-hotspot which offers a wide range of services via different interaction modalities. We analyze the usage and user acceptance of the UBI-hotspots from qualitative and quantitative data collected over a period of eight months. Our first observations show that this type of infrastructure may be a useful addition to the urban space.
Detection of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Technique

During the last decade there has been growing interest in physical-chemical oxidation processes and the behavior of free radicals in living systems. Radicals are known as intermediate species in a variety of biochemical reactions. Numerous techniques, assays and biomarkers have been used to measure reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), and to examine oxidative stress. However, many of these assays are not entirely satisfactory or are used inappropriately. The purpose of this chapter is to review current EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) spectroscopy methods for measuring ROS, RNS, and their secondary products, and to discuss the strengths and limitations of specific methodological approaches.
Fast license plate location and recognition using wavelet transform in android

In license plate recognition system (LPRS), there have several parts which are the key steps of the LPRS as license plate location (LPL), character segmentation (CS), and character recognition (CR). In this paper, we develop a complete LPRS in mobile smart device. The reasons are that have advantages which are easy carrying, powerful camera existence, and extensive application in potential. First at all, we define a processing range which is region of interest (ROI). In the part of LPL, we use wavelet transform to detect the horizontal axis in ROI based on texture feature of license plate (LP) and block scanning based on aspect ratio of LP to locate the LP location. In the part of CS, we mark the character edges based on color feature of LP to segment the characters. In the part of CR, we normalize the characters at first, then, compare them with character samples in system database. We use voting result to recognize. As result in the experiments, the LPRS which is building on mobile smart device have superior recognition results and fast processing performance.
Optimal resource allocation in multi-relay cognitive networks using dual decomposition

In this paper, an OFDM-based multi-relay cognitive radio network is considered where the relays use the decode-and-forward protocol to assist the source to relay transmission. The objective is to maximize the capacity of the CR network by optimizing the relay selection, subcarrier pairing and the power allocation. The optimization is performed under the interference to primary constraints as well as the individual power constraints. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer programming problem and the joint optimal solution is found using the dual decomposition technique. To reduce the computational complexity of the optimal scheme, a suboptimal algorithm is presented. Simulation results reveal that the suboptimal algorithm achieves a near optimal solution with less complexity.