Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 In Situ and Satellite Observation of CDOM and 2 Chlorophyll-a Dynamics in Small Water Surface 3 Reservoirs in the Brazilian Semiarid Region 4

We analyzed Chlorophyll-a and CDOM dynamics from field measurements and 17 assessed the potential of multispectral satellite data for retrieving water-quality parameters in 18 three small surface reservoirs in the Brazilian semiarid region. More specifically, this work 19 comprises i) analysis of Chl-a and trophic dynamics; ii) characterization of CDOM; iii) estimation 20 of Chl-a and CDOM from OLI/Landsat-8 and RapidEye imagery. The monitoring lasted 20 months 21 within a multi-year drought, which contributed to water-quality deterioration. Chl-a and trophic 22 state analysis showed a highly eutrophic status for the perennial reservoir during the entire study 23 period, while the non-perennial reservoirs ranged from oligotrophic to eutrophic, with changes 24 associated with the first events of the rainy season. CDOM characterization suggests that the 25 perennial reservoir is mostly influenced by autochthonous sources, while allochthonous sources 26 dominate the non-perennial ones. Spectral-group classification assigned the perennial as 27 CDOM-moderate and highly eutrophic reservoir, whereas the non-perennial ones were assigned 28 as CDOM-rich and oligotrophic-dystrophic reservoirs. The remote sensing initiative was partially 29 successful: the Chl-a was best modelled using RapidEye for the perennial; whereas CDOM 30 performed best with Landsat-8 for non-perennial reservoirs. This investigation showed potential 31 for retrieving water quality parameters in dry areas with small reservoirs. 32
Wnt and BMP signals control intestinal adenoma cell fates

Cellular hierarchies and signals that govern stemness and differentiation of intestinal adenoma cells are not well defined. In this study, we used organotypic culture to investigate the impact of β‐catenin and BMP signals in cells that form intestinal adenoma in the mouse. We found that activation of β‐catenin signaling by loss of APC or transgenic induction of oncogenic mutant β‐catenin (Ctnnb1mut) initiates the conversion of untransformed intestinal cells to tumor cells. These tumor cells display cancer stem cell (CSC) traits such as increased expression of the CSC markers Cd133 and Cd44, a high capacity for self‐renewal and unlimited proliferative potential. Subsequent inactivation of transgenic Ctnnb1mut results in the reversion of tumor cells to normal intestinal stem cells, which immediately reinstall the cellular hierarchy of the normal intestinal epithelium. Our data demonstrate that oncogenic activation of β‐catenin signaling initiates the early steps of intestinal cellular transformation in the absence of irreversible genetic or epigenetic changes. Interestingly, we found that tumor cells in culture and in adenoma produce BMP4, which counteracts CSC‐like traits by initiating irreversible cellular differentiation and loss of self‐renewal capacity. We conclude that the opposition of stemness‐maintaining oncogenic β‐catenin signals and autocrine differentiating BMP signals within the adenoma cell provides a rationale for the formation of cellular hierarchies in intestinal adenoma and may serve to limit adenoma growth.
Identification of Na+/H+ exchange as a new target for toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in liver cells

The ubiquitous environmental pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are responsible for important carcinogenic and apoptotic effects, whose mechanisms are still poorly understood, owing to the multiplicity of possible cellular targets. Among these mechanisms, alterations of ionic homeostasis have been suggested. In this work, the effects of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] on pHi were tested in the rat liver F258 epithelial cell line, using the fluoroprobe carboxy‐SNARF‐1. After a 48‐h treatment, B(a)P (50 nM) induced an alkalinization, followed by an acidification after 72 h and the development of apoptosis. Determinations of pHi recovery following an acid load showed an increased acid efflux at 48 h. Cariporide inhibited both the early alkalinization and the increased acid efflux, thus suggesting the involvement of Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1). Besides, α‐naphtoflavone (α‐NF), an inhibitor of CYP1A1‐mediated B(a)P metabolism, prevented all pHi changes, and NHE1 activation was blocked by the antioxidant thiourea, which inhibited CYP1A1 metabolism‐dependent H2O2 production. Regarding B(a)P‐induced apoptosis, this was prevented by α‐NF and bongkrekic acid, an inhibitor of mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis. Interestingly, apoptosis was significantly reduced by cariporide. Taken together, our results indicate that B(a)P, via H2O2 produced by CYP1A1‐dependent metabolism, induces an early activation of NHE1, resulting in alkalinization; this appears to play a significant role in mitochondria‐dependent B(a)P‐induced apoptosis.
Screening to Identify Mental Health Problems in Pediatric Primary Care: Considerations for Practice

Objective: Few pediatric primary care providers routinely use mental health screening tools, in part because they may have concerns about whether screening is useful and how it will affect their practice. This study examined the extent to which screening in primary care would increase the identification of mental health problems among a diverse population of children and youth. Methods: Prior to the visit, the parents of 767 patients age 5 to 16 completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to report their child's mental health symptoms and impairment. Without viewing the screening results, each child's provider (N = 53) completed a questionnaire to report whether the child or youth demonstrated a mental health problem. Results: Compared with providers, the screen identified twice as many patients with moderate symptoms and nearly 28% more patients with high symptoms. Among patients with high symptoms, providers failed to identify a problem among 78% of those who were Latino/Other and 55% of those who were African American compared with 27% of Caucasian patients (p < 0.001). Providers were not more likely to identify patients with externalizing versus internalizing symptoms but were more likely to identify patients who demonstrated symptoms across multiple domains of functioning. Conclusions: Screening substantially increased the number of children and youth who would be identified as possibly having a mental health problem. Screening may have the most potential to increase the identification of problems among patients who have moderate mental health symptoms and those who are African American or Latino.
apping land cover gradients through analysis of hyper-temporal NDVI imagery

The green cover of the earth exhibits various spatial gradients that represent gradual changes in space of vegetation density and/or in species composition. To date, land cover mapping methods differentiate at best, mapping units with different cover densities and/or species compositions, but typically fail to express such differences as gradients. Present interpretation techniques still make insufficient use of freely available spatial-temporal Earth Observation (EO) data that allow detection of existing land cover gradients. This study explores the use of hyper-temporal NDVI imagery to detect and delineate land cover gradients analyzing the temporal behavior of NDVI values. MODIS-Terra MVC-images (250 m, 16-day) of Crete, Greece, from February 2000 to July 2009 are used. The analysis approach uses an ISODATA unsupervised classification in combination with a Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA). Clustering of class-specific temporal NDVI profiles through HCA resulted in the identification of gradients in landcover vegetation growth patterns. The detected gradients were arranged in a relational diagram, and mapped. Three groups of NDVI-classes were evaluated by correlating their class-specific annual average NDVI values with the field data (tree, shrub, grass, bare soil, stone, litter fraction covers). Multiple regression analysis showed that within each NDVI group, the fraction cover data were linearly related with the NDVI 2 data, while NDVI groups were significantly different with respect to tree cover (adj. R = 0.96), shrub cover (adj. R2 = 0.83), grass cover (adj. R2 = 0.71), bare soil (adj. R2 = 0.88), stone cover (adj. R2 = 0.83) and litter cover (adj. R2 = 0.69) fractions. Similarly, the mean Sorenson dissimilarity values were found high and significant at confidence interval of 95% in all pairs of three NDVI groups. The study demonstrates that hyper-temporal NDVI imagery can successfully detect and map land cover gradients. The results may improve land cover assessment and aid in agricultural and ecological studies.
Multifunctional PECVD Layers: Dopant Source, Passivation, and Optics

In this study, the feasibility of creating one dielectric layer system acting simultaneously as antireflection coating, phosphorous doping source, masking against metal plating, and surface passivation is presented. Moreover, a similar layer stack is described, which behaves as rear-side surface passivation, boron dopant source, and internal reflection mirror. The optical characteristics of these layers are especially investigated and optimized for a solar cell's front- and rear-side coating. By consequent use of the multifunctional layers, a totally diffused solar cell with rear-side passivation and local rear contacts can be produced using only one wet chemical bath sequence, one multilayer vacuum step, and one high-temperature process. We present the first proof of concept for such a solar cell production using multifunctional plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition layers resulting already in a conversion efficiency of 18.3%.
Reusable Multi-selection in Touch-Screen User Interfaces

Multi-selection is the act of selecting a set of elements in a graphical user interface in order to perform an operation on that set. Examples of multi-selection are selecting thumbnails in an image gallery or files on a file explorer. Whether and how multi-selection is supported in different applications varies widely, which leaves user experiences wanting. Jarvi and Parent recently introduced an abstract model of multi-selection that helps programmers to implement multi-selection uniformly and correctly in desktop GUIs. This paper adapts the model to touch-screen devices. We present the rationale for choosing particular gestures for selection commands and explain how they map to the original model. A user study comparing our selection model with the established multi-selection features used by major Android and iOS applications shows that our selection feature allows for the fastest and most accurate selection.
Streaming Classification with Emerging New Class by Class Matrix Sketching

Streaming classification with emerging new class is an important problem of great research challenge and practical value. In many real applications, the task often needs to handle large matrices issues such as textual data in the bag-of-words model and large-scale image analysis. However, the methodologies and approaches adopted by the existing solutions, most of which involve massive distance calculation, have so far fallen short of successfully addressing a real-time requested task. In this paper, the proposed method dynamically maintains two low-dimensional matrix sketches to 1) detect emerging new classes; 2) classify known classes; and 3) update the model in the data stream. The update efficiency is superior to the existing methods. The empirical evaluation shows the proposed method not only receives the comparable performance but also strengthens modelling on large-scale data sets.
Headaches in the Different Phases of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Tendency for Stabbing Headaches During Relapses

Introduction:Primary headaches are known to be associated with multiple sclerosis. We aimed to determine headaches using ICHD-II in different phases of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and the correlation between headaches and several features of the disease. Results:Migraine (41.2%) and tension-type headaches (20.6%) were the most common headaches in remission, and primary stabbing headache (PSH) (27.8%) was common in the relapsing phase. Although headaches seemed to occur independently of disease duration, extended disability status scale, beck depression inventory scores, and treatments, the total number of headaches was correlated with periventricular lesions (P = 0.03) and tension-type headaches were correlated with spinal lesions in remission (P = 0.02). Total number of headaches was correlated with brain stem lesions in the relapsing phase (P = 0.05). Conclusion:The high frequency of PSHs in relapse was notable, and, to the best of our knowledge, PSH was not reported in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis before. Further studies with larger samples are recommended.
A Forward/Reverse Body Bias Generator with Wide Supply-Range down to Threshold Voltage

A forward/reverse body bias generator (BBG) which operates under wide supply-range is proposed. Fine-grained body biasing (FGBB) is effective to reduce variability and increase energy efficiency on digital LSIs. Since FGBB requires a number of BBGs to be implemented, simple design is preferred. We propose a BBG with charge pumps for reverse body bias and the BBG operates under wide supply-range from 0.5 V to 1.2 V. Layout of the BBG was designed in a cell-based flow with an AES core and fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process. Area of the AES core is 0.22 mm2 and area overhead of the BBG is 2.3%. Demonstration of the AES core shows a successful operation with the supply voltage from 0.5 V to 1.2 V which enables the reduction of power dissipation, for example, of 17% at 400 MHz operation. key words: body bias generator, dynamic voltage frequency scaling, low supply voltage, analog-assisted digital, switched-capacitor circuits
Reflections on the Pathogenesis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

The care of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) has served as a benchmark of progress in vascular surgery for more than 50 years. Beginning with the introduction of definitive surgical repair by Dubost et a1. [1], the last half of the 20 th century was marked by steady improvements in operative technique and perioperative patient care. By the early 1990s, elective aneurysm repair was regularly carried out with mortality rates less than 5% [2]. The pace of progress accelerated even further with the advent of endoluminal approaches to aneurysm repair, beginning in 1991 [3]. , The minimal morbidity associated with these techniques has dramatically changed our management approach to aortic aneurysm disease, and endoluminal repair of AAAs may already be considered commonplace [4-9]. It is therefore timely to consider how 0';1r approach to AAAs is likely to change even further In the near future. Over the past two decades, a collective investment in basic research has led to greater appreciation of aneurysm disease as a unique pathobiological process. This new knowledge can be expected to lead to the development of even more novel l! eatment strategies for AAAs; however, in contrast to Imp:ovements in perioperative care and surgical technique, these new advances will be based on cellular and molecular biology, molecular genetics, advanced biomechanical models and a more profound underStanding of disease ~echanisms. Additional influences on our approach will include the results of Studies using novel animal models and ~~armaco­ logical agents, application of knowled~eansmg fro~ the human genome sequence, and rapid advances in
Bloom's syndrome gene suppresses premature ageing caused by Sgs1 deficiency in yeast

Bloom's syndrome (BS) is an autosomal recessive disorder causing short stature, immunodeficiency, and an increased risk of cancer. Increased rates of sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberration have been observed in cells having defects in the BLM gene. Among five kinds of human RecQ helicases cloned, the mutations in WRN and RecQL4 have been known as the causes of premature ageing. Little is, however, known about the function of BLM helicase in ageing.
Reduction of knee range of motion during continuous passive motion due to misaligned hip joint centre

When using continuous passive motion (CPM) devices, appropriate setting of the device and positioning of the patient are necessary to obtain maximum range of motion (ROM). In this study, the ROMs in both the knee joint and CPM device during CPM treatment were measured using a motion analysis system for three different CPM devices. Additionally, the trajectories of the angles at the knee for hip joint misalignments were evaluated using kinematic models of the three CPM devices. The results showed that discrepancies in ROM between the knee joints and the CPM device settings during CPM treatment were revealed regardless of the CPM device and that the effect of misalignment is dependent on the design of the CPM device. The present technology could be applied for the development of a better design configuration for the CPM device to reduce the discrepancy in ROM at the knee joint.
Closing the loop on multiple motions

We describe a number of advances in the analysis of road scenes when the scene contains multiple moving objects and is observed by a single nonsteerable camera mounted on the front of a vehicle. Our structure from motion approach to scene segmentation derives front the observed motions of independently moving objects and requires no prior knowledge. We describe a hierarchy of camera models for the analysis of the scene, the simpler models handle degeneracies that occur in the more complex models. The major technical contribution is the recursive computation of feature clusters, which are fed forward over time. This closed loop feature tracking generates extended feature trajectories which significantly improve the discriminating power of scene segmentation. <<ETX>>
Estrogen and progesterone receptor titers in primary epithelial ovarian carcinomas

Only 69% (42 of 61) of the documentated ovarian tumor specimens received between September 1981 and August 1982 contained 75% or more viable tumor. Of the 42 measured for estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), 34 (81%) had estrogen‐binding titers. ⩾1 fmol/mg of cytosol protein, while 18 (43%) had progesterone‐binding titers ⩾5 fmol/mg of cytosol protein. ER and PR titers were found to be independent of histologic grade, clinical stage, patient age, age at first pregnancy, age at menarche, age at menopause and number of pregnancies. The presence of ER and PR in malignant ovarian tumors suggests that assays positive for these hormones could aid in the selection of patients suitable for hormonal therapy.
How inclusive leadership can help your practice adapt to change.

Krista W. Bowers, MD, Michaela Robertson, MS, and Michael L. Parchman, MD, MPH W are in the third year of a study to improve diabetes care in 40 small primary care clinics. Practice facilitators are working closely with the physicians and staff in these clinics to implement the chronic care model (CCM), a forerunner of the patient-centered medical home. One dominant theme that has emerged from physician and staff surveys and from observations by practice facilitators is this: When leadership is inclusive of all team members, changes are easier to implement. The purpose of this article is to share observations and findings from the first 20 clinics that are related to the concept of leader inclusiveness and its importance in small primary care clinics working to improve patient care.
De l'Europe politique en particulier et de l'anthropologie en général

Marc ABELES Prenant un peu de recul par rapport aux recherches que j'ai menees sur le Parlement et la Commission europeens, je souhaiterais proposer ici quelques pistes de reflexion concernant l'approche d'une realite politique complexe dont la comprehension requiert les efforts conjugues de plusieurs disciplines. Comme je l'ai souvent indique, cette complementarite des regards est une condition essentielle pour une meilleure connaissance du systeme communautaire. Cette derniere expression p.
Pulmonary Deposition of Salbutamol Aerosol Delivered by Metered Dose Inhaler, Jet Nebulizer, and Ultrasonic Nebulizer in Mechanically Ventilated Rabbits

The deposition efficiency of three methods of aerosol delivery of salbutamol into lungs of ventilated rabbits was compared: 1) metered dose inhaler (MDI) with holding chamber (HC), 2) jet nebulizer (JN), and 3) ultrasonic (US) nebulizer. The latter system was tested using two different sized medication reservoirs, a large (20 mL) cup (US20) and a small (10 mL) cup (US10). After delivery of technetium-99m-labeled sulbutamol aerosol, deposition in the lungs, trachea, and ventilator circuit were estimated by a γ counter. Total pulmonary deposition [mean(SEM)] as a percentage of the prescribed drug was: MDI + HC 0.22(0.05)%; JN 0.48(0.05)%; US20 0.90(0.13)%; US10 3.05(0.49%)%. Only the deposition from the US10 was statistically significantly higher than the other modes (p < 0.05). Dynamic scintigraphy showed that, among the nebulizers, the US10 continued to deliver medication for longer than either the JN or the US20. We conclude that the US10 appears to be more efficient in delivering aerosol to the lung in this rabbit model and merits further evaluation for clinical efficiency.
Privacy in Context: Technology, Policy, and the Integrity of Social Life

Privacy is one of the most urgent issues associated with information technology and digital media. This book claims that what people really care about when they complain and protest that privacy has been violated is not the act of sharing information itselfmost people understand that this is crucial to social life but the inappropriate, improper sharing of information. Arguing that privacy concerns should not be limited solely to concern about control over personal information, Helen Nissenbaum counters that information ought to be distributed and protected according to norms governing distinct social contextswhether it be workplace, health care, schools, or among family and friends. She warns that basic distinctions between public and private, informing many current privacy policies, in fact obscure more than they clarify. In truth, contemporary information systems should alarm us only when they function without regard for social norms and values, and thereby weaken the fabric of social life.
Ultra-Wide Stopband Low-Pass Filter Using Multiple Transmission Zeros

A compact microstrip low-pass filter (LPF) with an ultra-wide stopband and its design procedure are proposed in this paper. Using three-stepped impedance stubs(SISs), multiple transmission zeros are introduced in the stopband and can be freely controlled by tuning the impedance ratio of the SISs. Without using the defected ground structures to expand the stopband, three additional open-circuited stubs are used to suppress more spurious passbands of the LPF. To illustrate the concept, an experimental stopband LPF with cut-off frequency (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ f_{c})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 0.9 GHz is designed, simulated, fabricated, and measured. A metallic box with absorbent material is used to load the lowpass filter with wide stopband. The measured results are found in good agreement with the simulated results, and indicated good performance: broad stopband (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>17.6f_{c})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with attenuation higher than 22.4 dB, low-passband insertion loss (<0.5 dB), and compact size.