Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AFFINITY: Efficiently querying statistical measures on time-series data

Computing statistical measures for large databases of time series is a fundamental primitive for querying and mining time-series data [1]-[6]. This primitive is gaining importance with the increasing number and rapid growth of time series databases. In this paper, we introduce a framework for efficient computation of statistical measures by exploiting the concept of affine relationships. Affine relationships can be used to infer statistical measures for time series, from other related time series, instead of computing them directly; thus, reducing the overall computational cost significantly. The resulting methods exhibit at least one order of magnitude improvement over the best known methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that presents an unified approach for computing and querying several statistical measures at once. Our approach exploits affine relationships using three key components. First, the AFCLST algorithm clusters the time-series data, such that high-quality affine relationships could be easily found. Second, the SYMEX algorithm uses the clustered time series and efficiently computes the desired affine relationships. Third, the SCAPE index structure produces a many-fold improvement in the performance of processing several statistical queries by seamlessly indexing the affine relationships. Finally, we establish the effectiveness of our approaches by performing comprehensive experimental evaluation on real datasets.
Coalition Formation Towards Energy-Efficient Collaborative Mobile Computing

With mobile offloading, computation-intensive tasks can be offloaded from mobile devices to the cloud to conserve energy. In principle, the idea is to trade the relatively low communication energy expense for high computation power consumption. In this paper, we propose that computation-intensive tasks can be distributed among nearby mobile devices, and focus on the case that a group of mobile users may collaborate with one another with one common target job. In particular, a user can reduce its own energy consumption by delegating a portion of the job to nearby users in a coalition. We propose distributed collaboration strategies based on game theory, and formulate the problem as a non-transferable utility coalition formation game in which users join or split from coalitions depending on the local preference. The stability of the resulting partition is studied. We show through simulation that the proposed algorithm reduces up to 22% of the average energy costs compared to the non-cooperative case, and the running time scales well as the number of users grows.
Sustained Silent Reading Periods: Effect on Teachers' Behaviors and Students' Achievement

two aspects of the subject. The articles have described the steps needed to begin sustained silent reading (1-8) and have presented a rationale for including sustained silent reading in the elementaryand the secondary-school curriculum (9-17). To date, only four reports on the effect of sustained silent reading on reading achievement have included any empirical documentation of the effectiveness of sus-
Flow cytometric evaluation of peripheral blood and bone marrow and fine-needle aspirate samples from multiple sites in dogs with multicentric lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the extent of disease in dogs with lymphoma can be assessed via flow cytometry and to evaluate the suitability of fine-needle aspirates from the liver and spleen of dogs for flow cytometric examination. ANIMALS 44 dogs with multicentric B-cell (n = 35) or T-cell lymphoma (9) and 5 healthy control dogs. Procedures-Peripheral blood and bone marrow samples and fine-needle aspirates of lymph node, liver, and spleen were examined via flow cytometry. Logarithmically transformed T-cell-to-B-cell percentage ratio (log[T:B]) values were calculated. Thresholds defined by use of log(T:B) values of samples from control dogs were used to determine extranodal lymphoma involvement in lymphoma-affected dogs; results were compared with cytologic findings. RESULTS 12 of 245 (5%) samples (9 liver, 1 spleen, and 2 bone marrow) had insufficient cellularity for flow cytometric evaluation. Mean log(T:B) values of samples from dogs with B-cell lymphoma were significantly lower than those of samples from the same site in dogs with T-cell lymphoma and in control dogs. In dogs with T-cell lymphoma, the log(T:B) of lymph node, bone marrow, and spleen samples was significantly higher than in control dogs. Of 165 samples assessed for extranodal lymphoma involvement, 116 (70%) tested positive via flow cytometric analysis; results agreed with cytologic findings in 133 of 161 (83%) samples evaluated via both methods. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that flow cytometry may aid in detection of extranodal lymphoma involvement in dogs, but further research is needed. Most fine-needle aspirates of liver and spleen were suitable for flow cytometric evaluation.
Channels of Financial Contagion: Theory and Experiments

Two main classes of channels have been studied as informational sources of …nan- cial contagion. One is a fundamental channel that is based on real and …nancial links between economies, and the second is a social learning channel that arises when agents base their decisions on noisy observations about the actions of agents in foreign mar- kets. Using global games, I present a two country model of …nancial contagion in which both channels can be operative and I test its predictions experimentally in an eort to distinguish the relative strength of these channels as determinants of subjects'behav- ior. While the theory makes clear statements about which channel should be relevant in the dierent treatments of the experiment, we observe systematic deviations in the way subjects use the information at their disposal. Two main biases arise: a base rate neglect bias, by which subjects underweight their prior, and thus rely less on the fundamental channel, and an overreaction bias where subjects put too much weight on the behavior they observe in a foreign country, thus strengthening the social learning channel. These results have important consequences for welfare and provide a charac- terization of the conditions in the economy that can increase or reduce the strength of each of these channels in spreading contagion.
Impact of Basolateral Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein (Mrp) 3 and Mrp4 on the Hepatobiliary Disposition of Fexofenadine in Perfused Mouse Livers

The disposition of fexofenadine, a commonly used antihistamine drug, is governed primarily by active transport. Biliary excretion of the parent compound is the major route of systemic clearance. Previous studies demonstrated that fexofenadine hepatic uptake is mediated by organic anion transporting polypeptides. Recently, we showed that in mice fexofenadine is excreted into bile primarily by multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp) 2 (Abcc2). In the present study, the roles of Mrp3 (Abcc3) and Mrp4 (Abcc4) in the hepatobiliary disposition of fexofenadine were examined in knockout mice using in situ liver perfusion. Compared with that in wild-type mice, basolateral excretion of fexofenadine was impaired, resulting in a ∼50% decrease in perfusate recovery in Abcc3-/- mice; in contrast, fexofenadine hepatobiliary disposition was unaltered in Abcc4-/- mice. As expected, in Abcc2-/- mice, fexofenadine was redirected from the canalicular to the basolateral membrane for excretion. In Abcc2-/-/Abcc3-/- double-knockout mice, fexofenadine biliary excretion was impaired, but perfusate recovery was similar to that in wild-type mice and more than 2-fold higher than that in Abcc3-/- mice, presumably due to compensatory basolateral transport mechanism(s). These results demonstrate that multiple transport proteins are involved in the hepatobiliary disposition of fexofenadine. In addition to Mrp2 and Mrp3, other transport proteins play an important role in the biliary and hepatic basolateral excretion of this zwitterionic drug.
Embedding Learning on Spectral–Spatial Graph for Semisupervised Hyperspectral Image Classification

Scarcity of labeled samples is the main obstacle for hyperspectral image classification tasks when labeling data is considerably costly and time-consuming in real-world scenarios. To alleviate any underfitting problem that may occur due to lack of training data, semisupervised classification frameworks explore the intrinsic information of unlabeled samples and bridge labeled and unlabeled data. In this letter, we propose a novel framework that learns underlying manifold representation and semisupervised classifier simultaneously. It avoids explicit eigenvector decomposition and directly samples via iterating random walk on the similarity graph, which makes it feasible to implement on huge graphs. To verify the efficacy of embedding the learning process, we compare the proposed method with other dimensionality reduction and manifold-learning-based approaches. Experimental results show that compared to the methods using traditional semisupervised strategies, the graph embedding method gives a better result.
Social Capital and Knowledge Sharing in Knowledge-Based Organizations: An Empirical Study

The study aims to understand the social and organizational factors that influence knowledge sharing. A model of knowledge management and knowledge sharing was developed inspired by the work of Nahapiet and Ghoshal. Data on KM processes and various social capital measures were collected from a sample of 262 members of a tertiary educational institution in Singapore. Rewards and incentives open-mindedness and cost-benefit concerns of knowledge hoarding turned out to be the strongest predictors of knowledge sharing rather than prosocial motives or organizational care. Individuals who are highly competent in their work abilities are less likely to share what they know when they perceive that there are few rewards or when sharing is not recognized by the organization. The findings provide evidence for the importance of social capital as a lubricant of knowledge sharing and engaging performance management systems in knowledge-intensive organizations.
A cybernetic framework linking personality and other variables in understanding general health

Personality traits such as anxiety, self‐esteem and aggressive hostility are often thought to affect the stress that a person perceives or manifests. With data from 176 male executives, this study suggests that there are indirect and interacting relationships between personality and general health. This article proposes a cybernetic framework that links personality with other variables in understanding overall health. The framework specifies that personal characteristics (i.e. age), personality, and environment all play a role, each interacting systemically. The framework provides a basis for illustrating these interactions. For example, while type A personalities are more likely to get involved in more stressful situations, their negative health effects might depend on other variables, such as self‐esteem and years in the job. While personality features are important risk factors, they may not, by themselves, predict stress. Stress is the result of interacting variables including age, position, job level, the stress experience, and one's personality.
Vibroacoustic simulation of an electric motor: Methodology and focus on the structural FEM representativity

The automotive industry is being transformed by the emergence of hybrid and electric vehicles. The design and integration of combustion engines is well known. It is now necessary to build a new expertise and new simulation tools related to electrical machines. This paper presents a complete methodology for simulating the noise radiated by an electric traction motor. This is a 3-step multiphysic calculation. The first step is the estimation of the electromagnetic excitation applied to the structure. The second step is the calculation of the dynamic response thanks to a structural finite element solver. The third is an acoustic radiation calculation. The paper focuses specifically on the representativity of the structural finite element model. Indeed, the laminated magnetic core has a complex dynamic behaviour. A homogenization method leads to an equivalent homogeneous material and the elasto-dynamic characteristics of this material are obtained thanks to a model updating procedure.
On the solutions to complex parameter-dependent LMIs involved in the stability analysis of 2D discrete models

The aim of this short communique is to adapt a result established by Bliman, related to the possible approximation of the solutions to real-parameter-dependent linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), to the special context of stability analysis of 2D discrete Roesser models. While Bliman considered the case of LMIs involving several real parameters, which is especially crucial for the analysis of linear systems against parametric deflections, the stability of Roesser models leads to consider LMIs with only one single complex parameter. Extending the results from real parameters to complex ones is not straightforward in our opinion. This is why the present note discusses precautions to be taken concerning this case before applying the results in a 2D context. Actually, it is shown that a well-known condition for structural stability of a 2D discrete Roesser can be relaxed into an LMI system whose solution polynomially depends on a single complex parameter over the unit circle.
The effect on chromosome stability of deleting replication origins

The observed spacing between chromosomal DNA replication origins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is at least four times shorter than should be necessary to ensure complete replication of chromosomal DNA during the S phase. To test whether all replication origins are required for normal chromosome stability, the loss rates of derivatives of chromosome III from which one or more origins had been deleted were measured. In the case of a 61-kb circular derivative of the chromosome that has two highly active origins and one origin that initiates only 10 to 20% of the time, deletion of either highly active origin increased its rate of loss two- to fourfold. Deletion of both highly active origins caused the ring chromosome to be lost in approximately 20% of cell divisions. This very high rate of loss demonstrates that there are no efficient cryptic origins on the ring chromosome that are capable of ensuring its replication in the absence of the origins that are normally used. Deletion of the same two origins from the full-length chromosome III, which contains more than six replication origins, had no effect on its rate of loss. These results suggest that the increase in the rate of loss of the small circular chromosome from which a single highly active origin was deleted was caused by the failure of the remaining highly active origin to initiate replication in a small fraction (approximately 0.003) of cell cycles.
Examination strategies of experienced and novice clinicians viewing the retina

Expertise in viewing medical images is thought to be due to the ability to process holistic image information. Eye care clinicians can inspect photographs of the retina to search for signs of disease. However, they commonly also view the eye in vivo using the restricted view of a slit lamp, which removes the potential benefits of holistic processing. We investigated how expert and novice clinicians inspect the fundus using these two methods.
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate as a Potential Therapeutic Drug for TTR-Related Amyloidosis: “In Vivo” Evidence from FAP Mice Models

Background Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the extracellular deposition of mutant transthyretin (TTR), with special involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Currently, hepatic transplantation is considered the most efficient therapy to halt the progression of clinical symptoms in FAP since more than 95% of TTR is produced by the liver. However, less invasive and more reliable therapeutic approaches have been proposed for FAP therapy, namely based on drugs acting as inhibitors of amyloid formation or as amyloid disruptors. We have recently reported that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in green tea, is able to inhibit TTR aggregation and fibril formation, “in vitro” and in a cellular system, and is also able to disrupt pre-formed amyloid fibrils “in vitro”. Methodology and Principal Findings In the present study, we assessed the effect of EGCG subchronic administration on TTR amyloidogenesis “in vivo”, using well characterized animal models for FAP. Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry (SQ-IHC) and Western blot analysis of mice tissues after treatment demonstrated that EGCG inhibits TTR toxic aggregates deposition in about 50% along the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Moreover EGCG treatment considerably lowered levels of several biomarkers associated with non-fibrillar TTR deposition, namely endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress, protein oxidation and apoptosis markers. Treatment of old FAP mice with EGCG resulted not only in the decrease of non-fibrillar TTR deposition but also in disaggregation of amyloid deposits. Consistently, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and serum amyloid P component (SAP), both markers of amyloid deposition, were also found reduced in treated old FAP mice. Conclusions and Significance The dual effect of EGCG both as TTR aggregation inhibitor and amyloid fibril disruptor together with the high tolerability and low toxicity of EGCG in humans, point towards the potential use of this compound, or optimized derivatives, in the treatment of TTR-related amyloidoses.
Uncommon Ground: Holism and the Future of Anthropology

Anthropology has long been a contested field with roots in both scientific and humanistic discourse. The “four-field” approach in American anthropology has been used by some as a means of suppressing conflict and enforcing a false sense of unity. While critiques of the four-field approach are warranted, in fact holism represents anthropology's greatest strength. Anthropology gains a competitive advantage over other disciplines in its ability to combine biological and cultural approaches. Moreover, the four-field model, while historically contingent, is well suited to the institutional and political realities of the American academy, especially the public research university.
INAOE-UNAL at ImageCLEF 2015: Scalable Concept Image Annotation

This paper describes the joint participation of the TIA-LabTL (INAOE) and the MindLab research group (UNAL) at the ImageCLEF 2015 Scalable Concept Image Annotation challenge subtask 2: genera- tion of textual descriptions of images - noisy track. Our strategy relies on a multimodal representation that is built in an unsupervised way by using the associated text to images and the visual features that represent them. In the multimodal representation for every word extracted from the indexed web pages a visual prototype is formed, each prototype being a distribution over visual descriptors. Then, the process of generation of a textual description is formulated as a two-step IR problem. First, the image to be described is used as visual query and compared with all the visual prototypes in the multimodal representation; next the k nearest prototypes are used as a textual query to search for a phrase in a collec- tion of textual descriptions, the retrieved phrase is then used to describe the image.
Insights into functions of the H channel of cytochrome c oxidase from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations

Significance Cytochrome oxidase is a widespread respiratory enzyme that conserves energy released when oxygen is reduced by pumping protons across the membrane in which it is located. Here, we use atomistic simulations of the whole bovine enzyme to investigate properties of the H channel, a structure that has been proposed to provide the pathway for pumped protons in mammalian forms of the enzyme. These studies show that although parts of the structure could function in this manner, a gap persists. This gap could be bridged only if a buried histidine becomes protonated. Based on these simulations, we propose that the H channel acts as a dielectric well, modulating effects of buried charge changes. Proton pumping A-type cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) terminates the respiratory chains of mitochondria and many bacteria. Three possible proton transfer pathways (D, K, and H channels) have been identified based on structural, functional, and mutational data. Whereas the D channel provides the route for all pumped protons in bacterial A-type CcOs, studies of bovine mitochondrial CcO have led to suggestions that its H channel instead provides this route. Here, we have studied H-channel function by performing atomistic molecular dynamics simulations on the entire, as well as core, structure of bovine CcO in a lipid-solvent environment. The majority of residues in the H channel do not undergo large conformational fluctuations. Its upper and middle regions have adequate hydration and H-bonding residues to form potential proton-conducting channels, and Asp51 exhibits conformational fluctuations that have been observed crystallographically. In contrast, throughout the simulations, we do not observe transient water networks that could support proton transfer from the N phase toward heme a via neutral His413, regardless of a labile H bond between Ser382 and the hydroxyethylfarnesyl group of heme a. In fact, the region around His413 only became sufficiently hydrated when His413 was fixed in its protonated imidazolium state, but its calculated pKa is too low for this to provide the means to create a proton transfer pathway. Our simulations show that the electric dipole moment of residues around heme a changes with the redox state, hence suggesting that the H channel could play a more general role as a dielectric well.
Streptolysin O Promotes Group A Streptococcus Immune Evasion by Accelerated Macrophage Apoptosis*

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a leading human bacterial pathogen capable of producing invasive infections even in previously healthy individuals. As frontline components of host innate defense, macrophages play a key role in control and clearance of GAS infections. We find GAS induces rapid, dose-dependent apoptosis of primary and cultured macrophages and neutrophils. The cell death pathway involves apoptotic caspases, is partly dependent on caspase-1, and requires GAS internalization by the phagocyte. Analysis of GAS virulence factor mutants, heterologous expression, and purified toxin studies identified the pore-forming cytolysin streptolysin O (SLO) as necessary and sufficient for the apoptosis-inducing phenotype. SLO-deficient GAS mutants induced less macrophage apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, allowed macrophage cytokine secretion, and were less virulent in a murine systemic infection model. Ultrastructural evidence of mitochondrial membrane remodeling, coupled with loss of mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c release, suggests a direct attack of the toxin initiates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. A general caspase inhibitor blocked SLO-induced apoptosis and enhanced macrophage killing of GAS. We conclude that accelerated, caspase-dependent macrophage apoptosis induced by the pore-forming cytolysin SLO contributes to GAS immune evasion and virulence.