Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of antipsychotics among nonagenarian residents in long-term institutional care in Finland.

BACKGROUND There is a paucity of information about the use of antipsychotic medication in long-term care, especially among the oldest-old residents. OBJECTIVE To analyse the factors associated with the use of antipsychotic medication among nonagenarian residents in long-term institutional care. DESIGN A retrospective study was designed from cross-sectional data, gathered in the period 1 January 2003 to 30 June 2003, in Finland. Data were extracted from the Resident Assessment Instrument database, based on Minimum Data Set 2.0 assessments. SETTING Data were provided by 23 hospital-based institutions and 43 residential homes. SUBJECTS Residents aged >or=90 years were included, consisting of 1,334 resident assessments. RESULTS Almost a third of the residents received one or more antipsychotic medication. In the logistic regression analysis, factors associated with the use of antipsychotics among nonagenarian residents were as follows: socially inappropriate or disruptive behavioural symptoms [odds ratio (OR) 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36-2.54], concomitant anxiolytic medication (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.39-2.42), recurring anxious complaints (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.17-2.22), recurring physical movements (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.08-1.91) and unsettled relationships (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.15-1.57). A good sense of initiative or involvement was significantly less likely to be associated with antipsychotics (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80-0.94). There were no associations between any psychiatric diagnoses or symptoms and the use of antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS Antipsychotic medication use in nonagenarians in long-term institutions was common and seemed in many cases to be associated with residents' negative attitudes to others. Querulous residents received antipsychotics more commonly than those with good social skills. Clearly defined indications may not be fulfilled in many cases, and an evaluation of treatment may be lacking. These may indicate that in Finland, there could be a considerable gap between antipsychotic medication recommendations and actual clinical practice.
On-Line Device Replacement Techniques for SSD RAID

NAND flash memory solid state devices are widely used in many platforms including consumer electronics and safety-critical embedded systems because they offer high performance and reliability. In previous work, we have developed a novel RAID architecture for NAND flash that protects a system from data loss in the case of failure, or wear-out, of individual flash chips. These mechanisms permit the recovery of data onto a new replacement chip when a particular element in the array reaches its endurance limit -- however the use of this architecture in a hard real-time system is limited as the memory needs to be taken off-line while the replacement is actioned and so memory access times become non-deterministic with respect to time. Moreover, existing hard disk based online reconstruction mechanisms do not work well with solid state RAID as they are unable to exploit flash memory internal operations such as garbage collection and metadata management. In this paper we present techniques for replacing elements in the array that are approaching their wear-out level that does not involve taking the array off-line, thereby increasing system dependability by providing continuous system availability with higher I/O performance for hard real-time embedded applications. We have implemented these techniques in our FPGA-based SSD RAID controller. Our simulation results indicate that the run-time device replacement techniques improved the average I/O response time by 39% during replacement. Moreover, these techniques improve the write capability, and reduce the time needed to execute a replacement.
Intention to Participate in Earthquake Response Training in Korea: Confidence in Government Management Capability and Cognitive Evaluation of Earthquake Risk through Fear

As the earthquake risk in Korea has increased, it has become necessary to cultivate the efficacy of individual citizens by their participation in earthquake response training as a matter of everyday life. This research investigates how confidence in government management capability (CGMC), cognitive evaluation of earthquake risk (CER), and fear as a mediator can promote intention to participate in earthquake response training (IPERT). Data were collected through surveys distributed to Seoul residents at 25 district offices (n=1,148) in Korea. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), with valid measurements tested by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CGMC plays an important role in increasing IPERT directly and indirectly. While CER does not increase IPERT directly, it indirectly increases IPERT via the mediation of fear.
Visual Perspectives on Majority‐World Adolescent Thriving

This paper offers socio-ecological, situated perspectives on adolescent resilience derived from an application of interpretive visual methodologies to deepen understanding of adaptive youth development in diverse majority-world cultural contexts (South Africa, Thailand, China, Mexican migration to Canada). The research is not “cross-cultural”; by contrast, it situates youth engagement contextually, using local perspectives, especially perspectives of adolescents themselves, on “growing up well” under adverse circumstances, to interrogate conceptions of resilience in cultural context. Participants are viewed as members of cultural communities: observations with a small number of individuals are not generalized to national groups. Rather, knowledge gained by these methods is employed to enrich knowledge of the processes of majority-world youth thriving despite such adversities as poverty and social displacement.
Autonomy and Multiple Realization

Multiple realization historically mandated the autonomy of psychology, and its principled irreducibility to neuroscience. Recently, multiple realization and its implications for the reducibility of psychology to neuroscience have been challenged. One challenge concerns the proper understanding of reduction. Another concerns whether multiple realization is as pervasive as is alleged. I focus on the latter question. I illustrate multiple realization with actual, rather than hypothetical, cases of multiple realization from within the biological sciences. Though they do support a degree of autonomy for higher levels of explanation and organization, they do not have the dire consequences critics of multiple realization fear.
A Mathematical Model that Simulates Control Options for African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV)

A stochastic model designed to simulate transmission dynamics of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in a free-ranging pig population under various intervention scenarios is presented. The model was used to assess the relative impact of the timing of the implementation of different control strategies on disease-related mortality. The implementation of biosecurity measures was simulated through incorporation of a decay function on the transmission rate. The model predicts that biosecurity measures implemented within 14 days of the onset of an epidemic can avert up to 74% of pig deaths due to ASF while hypothetical vaccines that confer 70% immunity when deployed prior to day 14 of the epidemic could avert 65% of pig deaths. When the two control measures are combined, the model predicts that 91% of the pigs that would have otherwise succumbed to the disease if no intervention was implemented would be saved. However, if the combined interventions are delayed (defined as implementation from > 60 days) only 30% of ASF-related deaths would be averted. In the absence of vaccines against ASF, we recommend early implementation of enhanced biosecurity measures. Active surveillance and use of pen-side diagnostic assays, preferably linked to rapid dissemination of this data to veterinary authorities through mobile phone technology platforms are essential for rapid detection and confirmation of ASF outbreaks. This prediction, although it may seem intuitive, rationally confirms the importance of early intervention in managing ASF epidemics. The modelling approach is particularly valuable in that it determines an optimal timing for implementation of interventions in controlling ASF outbreaks.
"White" Space: The Racialization of Claremont, California

Professor Preest—for helping me through my research process. Professor Tyson, thank you for supporting and encouraging me throughout the research and writing process and for providing invaluable advice and insights. Professor Miller, thank you for being so available to talk, for sharing your knowledge of the history of California, and for providing physical space and an encouraging environment for me to work on my research. Thank you, Professor Preest, for not only reading my thesis but also for helping me navigate the academic bureaucracy to ensure I meet requirements. I would also like to thank Professor Kim and Professor Golub for helping me develop my research topic over the summer and the beginning of the semester. I would like to thank the librarians at Claremont Heritage, and Marcus Martinez at the City of Claremont for supporting my research process. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends—especially my roommate, Christina Fox—for emotionally supporting me through this process and for creating a compassionate intellectual environment where we can think through the type of issues raised in my thesis. This thesis would not be what it is without each of your contributions.
Wearable EOG goggles: eye-based interaction in everyday environments

In this paper, we present an embedded eye tracker for context-awareness and eye-based human-computer interaction - the wearable EOG goggles. In contrast to common systems using video, this unobtrusive device relies on Electrooculography (EOG). It consists of goggles with dry electrodes integrated into the frame and a small pocket-worn component with a powerful microcontroller for EOG signal processing. Using this lightweight system, sequences of eye movements, so-called eye gestures, can be efficiently recognised from EOG signals in real-time for HCI purposes. The device is self-contained solution and allows for seamless eye motion sensing, context-recognition and eye-based interaction in everyday environments.
The Denominator as the “Target”

Various analyses have used the transfer rate as a performance indicator for community colleges, but the question of what constitutes an appropriate denominator in the transfer-rate equation remains a point of contention. This article examines the potential drawbacks of using student-reported educational goals to determine which students are included in the denominator and notes how the behavioral signal approach—based on the courses students take and complete—may be a more appropriate alternative. In addition, the article discusses the prospects of employing a “transfer opportunity diagnosis” based on multiple indicators.
XRCE: Hybrid Classification for Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis

In this paper, we present the system we have developed for the SemEval-2014 Task 4 dedicated to Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis. The system is based on a robust parser that provides information to feed different classifiers with linguistic features dedicated to aspect categories and aspect categories polarity classification. We mainly present the work which has been done on the restaurant domain 1 for the four subtasks, aspect term and category detection and aspect term and category polarity.
Left ventricular diastolic reserve in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aims Diastolic reserve is the ability of left ventricular filling pressures to remain normal with exercise. Impaired diastolic reserve may be an early sign of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We aimed to determine whether diastolic reserve differs in type 2 diabetes (DM) compared with non-DM, and to identify clinical, anthropological, metabolic and resting echocardiographic correlates of impaired diastolic reserve in patients with DM. Methods and results 237 patients (aged 53±11 years, 133 DM, ejection fraction 68±9%) underwent rest and exercise echocardiography. Mitral E and septal e′ were measured at rest, immediately post, and 10 min into recovery. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and binary regression with continuous outcomes were used to model e′ and E/e′ changes with exercise to identify impaired diastolic reserve defined as post-exercise E/e′ ≥15. After adjusting for baseline differences, patients with DM immediately post-exercise had a lower septal e′, a lower Δe′ (1.2 vs 2.3 cm/s, p=0.006) and a higher Δ septal E/e′ (1.7 vs 0.08, p<0.001) than patients without DM. In patients with normal resting E/e′ of ≤8 (n=130), DM had a significantly higher post-exercise septal E/e′ and a higher Δseptal E/e′ (2.63 vs 0.50, p<0.001). E/e′ in patients with DM remained significantly elevated up to 10 min post-exercise. Hypertension, longer duration of insulin therapy, poorer glycaemic control, worse renal function, larger left atrial volume and lower septal e′ were independent correlates of impaired diastolic reserve in patients with DM. Conclusions Patients with DM have impaired diastolic reserve manifest as a blunted e′ response with exercise, persisting into recovery. Clinical, anthropometric, metabolic and echocardiographic correlates of impaired diastolic reserve in patients with DM were identified. An impaired LV diastolic reserve may be the underlying pathophysiological mechanism in patients with DM with unexplained exertional dyspnoea and may allow earlier detection of DM cardiomyopathy.
Coordinate expression of apoptosis-associated proteins in human breast cancer before and during chemotherapy.

PURPOSE Induction of apoptosis is a key factor in the response of tumors to chemotherapy. Laboratory studies have established many of the factors that regulate and execute apoptosis, but the significance of these in human tumors is poorly understood. Therefore, the relationship between key components of this machinery was examined in primary human breast carcinomas before and 24 h after the initiation of chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Apoptosis was measured using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay, and proliferation was assessed using the anti-Ki67 antibody MIB-1. Monospecific polyclonal antibodies were used for immunohistochemical detection of Bcl-2, Bax, XIAP, activated (cleaved) caspase 3 and 6, and cleaved DNA Fragmentation Factor-40 (DFF40) using paraffin-embedded tissues. RESULTS Before treatment, a significant correlation was found between apoptosis and proliferation (r = 0.64, P < 0.0001), between caspases 3 and 6 (r = 0.49, P = 0.004) and between cleaved DFF40 and active caspases 3 (r = 0.66, P < 0.0001) or 6 (r = 0.47, P = 0.006). Before treatment, expression of inhibitor of apoptosis protein, XIAP, also correlated positively with cleaved caspase 3 (r = 0.64, P < 0.0001), caspase 6 (r = 0.36, P = 0.04), and DFF40 (r = 0.61, P = 0.0001). At 24 h after chemotherapy, significant increases in apoptosis and decreases in proliferation were observed, with the degree of increase in apoptosis inversely associated with decrease in proliferation. Chemotherapy-induced increases in Bax were correlated with increases in cleaved DFF40 (r = 0.54, P = 0.0008), but no other variables showed significant change at 24 h after initiation of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION The pretreatment biomarker relationships suggest parallel cleavage and activation of these executioner proteins in breast cancer and that XIAP may maintain cell survival in the face of caspase activation. The findings provide in vivo evidence in human breast cancer that chemotherapy induces an apoptotic program characterized by up-regulation of Bax and cleavage of caspase substrate DFF40.
Job Satisfaction and Stress among Band Directors

Public-school band directors completed a survey in which they were asked to rank-order 10 factors according to their contribution to the directors' sense of job satisfaction. Respondents also rated another set of 10 factors on the degree of stress they experienced in conjunction with these factors. Students were reported to be sources of both high satisfaction and high stress. Parental and administrative support were also considered sources of job satisfaction. Spouses were most often chosen as the primary source of support when directors coped with job-related stress. Overall, the data indicated that strong positive interpersonal relationships between directors and students, parents, administrators, and other faculty could increase the level of job satisfaction experienced by public-school band directors.
Designing Database Operators for Flash-enabled Memory Hierarchies

Flash memory affects not only storage options but also query processing. In this paper, we analyze the use of flash memory for database query processing, including algorithms that combine flash memory and traditional disk drives. We first focus on flash-resident databases and present data structures and algorithms that leverage the fast random reads of flash to speed up selection, projection, and join operations. FlashScan and FlashJoin are two such algorithms that leverage a column-based layout to significantly reduce memory and I/O requirements. Experiments with Postgres and an enterprise SSD drive show improved query runtimes by up to 6x for queries ranging from simple relational scans and joins to full TPC-H queries. In the second part of the paper, we use external merge sort as a prototypical query execution algorithm to demonstrate that the most advantageous external sort algorithms combine flash memory and traditional disk, exploiting the fast access latency of flash memory as well as the fast transfer bandwidth and inexpensive capacity of traditional disks. Looking forward, database query processing in a three-level memory hierarchy of RAM, flash memory, and traditional disk can be generalized to any number of levels that future hardware may feature.
Quality of Life in the U.S. Navy: Impact on Performance and Career Continuance

Previous research has shown the importance of quality of life (QOL) for critical organizational outcomes such as the retention of U.S. Navy personnel (Wilcove, Schwerin, & Wolosin, 2003) and Marines (Hindelang, Schwerin, & Farmer, 2004). These studies employed a life domains approach addressing a full range of work and non-work life needs as well as specific aspects of each life domain. In contrast, most other research exploring outcomes critical to military organizations focused only on work life needs of personnel (e.g., job satisfaction, organizational commitment, command climate). This study extends previous research by (a) including both performance and career-continuance plans of personnel as outcomes of interest, (b) exploring the contribution of an additional life need—spiritual well-being—to the measurement of QOL, and (c) examining changes in perceptions of QOL over time between 1999 and 2002 among U.S. Navy personnel. Implications of findings to military personnel, families, and manpower and personnel policy as well as future directions for research are discussed.
Teacher"s Autonomy Support and ESL Classroom Engagement: The R oad Less Traveled

This study investigated the construct of Teacher Autonomy Support Scale (TASS) in the context of ESL classroom in Malaysia and how it influenced student‘s classroom engagement. The sample comprised 378 students from 14 day schools in a rural area. An empirical study (N=378) was conducted to explore aspects of reliability and validity of the TASS. Confirmatory Factor Analysis via AMOS (7.0) showed evidence of convergent validity of the newly developed scale. A covariance structural analysis shows that teacher‘s autonomy support is a significant predictor for cognitive and behavioural engagement for students in ESL classroom.
Learning Decentralized Goal-based Vector Quantization

This paper considers the following generalization of classical vector quantization: to (vector) quantize or, equivalently, to partition the domain of a given function such that each cell in the partition satisfies a given set of topological constraints. This formulation is called decentralized goalbased vector quantization (DGVQ). The formulation is motivated by the resource allocationmechanism design problem from economics. A learning algorithm is proposed for the problem. Various extensions of the problem, as well as the corresponding modifications in the proposed algorithm, are discussed. Simulation results of the proposed algorithm for DGVQ and its extensions, are given.
Modeling of concrete creep and hygrothermal deformations, and computation of their structural effects

Computational Modelling of Concrete Structures-Bicanic et al. (eds) ABSTRACT: This study discusses a physically based formulation of material model for concrete creep and shrinkage, and presents an effective computational approach for structural analysis of creep and shrinkage effects. As an instructive case study, excessive deflections of a prestressed box girder bridge of world-record span, which was built in Palau in 1977 and collapsed after remedial prestressing in 1996, is investigated. A new version of the step-by-step computational algorithm, based on the continuous retardation spectra of compliance curves for different ages at loading, is implemented as a driver program for repeated use of ABAQUS for three-dimensional analysis. The excessive creep deflections are studied by finite clement analysis, and their causes are identified. They reveal a need to improve the current standard recommendations of engineering societies. A limited improvement can be achieved by statistical analysis of the existing database from worldwide testing. However, a major improvement will require adopting a model based on the theory of physical processes of creep and shrinkage in the nano-porous structure of cement gel. A model based to a large extent on such a theory is model B3. Its basic features are reviewed. I INTRODUCTION Portland cement concrete is a rather unusual porous material, characterized by both capillary porosity and sub-capillary nano-porosity. The physical and chemical processes in the nano-pores (or gel pores) arc believed to be the cause of complex creep properties (Bazant 2001), very different from those of other viscoelastic materials. The nano-porosity of cement gel has intriguing consequences whose mathematical formulation material model B3 will be reviewed. This model rests on the microprestress-solidification theory (Bazant & Prasannan 1989a,b, Baiant et al. 1997, Bazant et al. 1997), which is a theory that has achieved a unified description of the known creep properties of concrete , including the long-term aging after the hydration process has terminated, the Pickett effect, and the transitional thermal creep. The purpose of this paper is to summarize (based on a report by Bazant et al. 2007) the lessons from excessive long-time deflections of a record-setting segmen-tally erected prestressed concrete box girder, discuss the importance of selecting the correct material model for creep and shrinkage, critically comment on the statistical validation of the material model, and review the theoretical physical basis of a realistic material model. situated in the tropical western Pacific. It connected the islands of Koror and Babeldaob, the former …