Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Transparency of Solar Coronal Active Regions

Resonance scattering has often been invoked to explain the disagreement between the observed and predicted line ratios of Fe XVII λ15. 01 to Fe XVII λ15.26 (the "3C/3D" ratio). In this process photons of λ15. 01, with its much higher oscillator strength, are preferentially scattered out of the line of sight, thus reducing the observed line ratio. Recent laboratory measurements, however, have found significant inner-shell Fe XVI lines at 15.21 and 15.26 Å, suggesting that the observed 3C/3D ratio results from blending. Given our new understanding of the fundamental spectroscopy, we have reexamined the original solar spectra, identifying the Fe XVI λ15.21 line and measuring its flux to account for the contribution of Fe XVI to the λ15.26 flux. Deblending brings the 3C/3D ratio into good agreement with the experimental ratio; hence, we find no need to invoke resonance scattering. Low opacity in Fe XVII λ15. 01 also implies low opacity for Fe XV λ284. 2, ruling out resonance scattering as the cause of the fuzziness of TRACE and SOHO-EIT 284 Å images. The images must, instead, be unresolved due to the large number of structures at this temperature. Insignificant resonance scattering implies that future instruments with higher spatial resolution could resolve the active region plasma into its component loop structures.
The eect of the Distance in Pedestrian Detection

Pedestrian accidents are one of the leading preventable causes of death. In order to reduce the number of accidents, in the last decade the pedestrian protection systems have been introduced, a special type of advanced driver assistance systems, in witch an on-board camera explores the road ahead for possible collisions with pedestrians in order to warn the driver or perform braking actions. As a result of the variability of the appearance, pose and size, pedestrian detection is a very challenging task. So many techniques, models and features have been proposed to solve the problem. As the appearance of pedestrians varies signicantly as a function of distance, a system based on multiple classiers specialized
Investigation of Hydrogen Embrittlement of High Strength Pipeline Steels under Typical Service Environment

With the wider application of pipeline steels higher than API X70 grade, the hydrogen embrittlement risk induced by service conditions has been recognized. Since the increased strengthening of pipeline steel might significantly increase the hydrogen cracking sensitivity, a greater understanding on the different criteria of service parameters compared with those of traditional pipeline steels are required. This paper focuses on the hydrogen embrittlement behaviors of API X70 and API X80 high strength pipeline steel in two typical service environments, under cathodic protection in soil simulation conditions and within simulated coal gas environment. The uptake and diffusion of hydrogen in the steels under different condition were analyzed by hydrogen permeation test and hydrogen content measurement. Slow strain rate testing (SSRT) under cathodic conditions as well as mechanical performance degradation testing after long term immersion were used to determine the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibilities of the two kinds of steel. The results showed the changes of hydrogen diffusion rate, hydrogen accumulation limit and hydrogen embrittlement with the increased steel strength under different cathodic protection conditions or different hydrogen partial pressure.
Total variance should drive data handling strategies in third generation proteomic studies

Quantitative proteomics is entering its “third generation,” where intricate experimental designs aim to increase the spatial and temporal resolution of protein changes. This paper re‐analyses multiple internally consistent proteomic datasets generated from whole cell homogenates and fractionated brain tissue samples providing a unique opportunity to explore the different factors influencing experimental outcomes. The results clearly indicate that improvements in data handling are required to compensate for the increased mean CV associated with complex study design and intricate upstream tissue processing. Furthermore, applying arbitrary inclusion thresholds such as fold change in protein abundance between groups can lead to unnecessary exclusion of important and biologically relevant data.
De Sitter Relativity and Cosmological Principle

The formalism of Fantappie-Arcidiacono Projective General Relativity - also known as De Sitter Relativity - has recently been revised in order to make possible cosmological models with expansion, similarly to ordinary Fridman cosmology formulated within the context of General Relativity. In this article, several consequences of interest in the current cosmological debate are examined and discussed in a semiquantitative manner. Specifically: re-examination of the Supernova Project results using this new formalism, with a new estimate of the cosmological parameters; the ordinary matter to dark matter densities ratio; the existence of a new fundamental constant having the dimensions of an acceleration and its relation with dark matter.
A New Approach to Detect Communities in Multi-weighted Co-authorship Networks

Co-authorship graphs related to publications (bibliographical production) are generally represented by undirected graphs, where each edge maintains a single value for publications produced by the authors. A variation of this type of graph is related to use of different weights associated with different types of publications. In this context, within the ? eld of scien to metrics, 'journal papers' or 'books' may have a higher priority than the 'conference papers', and the 'conference papers' might have higher priority than the 'extended abstract'. In this paper, we present a simple weight combination to detect communities in co-authorship networks, which allows simultaneous consideration of multiple types of collaborations. Our preliminary results show a good performance in the detection of communities considering real bibliographical production graphs.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio Estimation Algorithm for ACM in Advanced DVB-RCS Satellite Systems

This paper presents a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation algorithm for advanced DVB-RCS systems using adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) in the reverse link of broadband satellite systems. Due to the absence of a repetitive pilot symbol structure, SNR estimation has to be performed using the fixed symbol preamble data. Moreover, sporadic nature of data traffic on the return link causes variation in interference level from slot to slot and, therefore, the estimation has to be done within one traffic slot duration. Hence, it becomes necessary to use a combination of data-aided (DA) and decision-directed (DD) algorithms so as to make use of traffic data. A non-data-aided (NDA) estimator that was previously proposed by the authors for binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and QPSK schemes is extended to 8-PSK in a decision directed manner. This estimator shows improved performance over existing estimators. The inherent bias of DD approach at low values of SNR is reduced by using a hybrid approach, i.e. using the proposed estimator at moderate/high values of SNR and the moments-based estimator (M 2 M 4) at low values of SNR. Overall improved performance of the proposed hybrid estimator, in terms of accuracy and complexity, makes it an attractive choice for implementing ACM in advanced DVB-RCS systems.
Pencil Beam Grid Antenna Array for Hyperthermia Breast Cancer Treatment System

In this paper, efficient, high gain and pencil beam grid antenna array is proposed for hyperthermia breast cancer therapy system. The proposed antenna bandwidth extends from 4.8 GHz to 4.9 GHz at resonant frequency of 4.86 GHz. This frequency band has been reported for the breast cancer hyperthermia therapy. The grid long and short sides are responsible for the undesired cross-polarized radiation and desired copolarized radiation, respectively. The unsuitability of the conventional grid antenna array is ensured by investigating its radiation properties. The proposed grid antenna array short side width is varied and its long side width is kept wide as possible to enhance the radiation properties and to reduce the losses. Also, a reflector has been used for gain enhancement purpose. The proposed grid antenna array achieves side lobe level and 3 dB beam width of —27.9 dB and 25.9° for the E-plane and —27.9 dB and 26.3° for the H-plane, respectively. The breast phantom is irradiated by both proposed and conventional grid antenna arrays for 10 minutes. The proposed grid antenna array achieves 8°C temperature increase within the breast phantom area compared to 2°C temperature increase for conventional one. The proposed grid antenna array is highly efficient, high gain and light weight, and it has a very suitable radiation property for hyperthermia breast cancer therapy.
Labelset anchored subspace ensemble (LASE) for multi-label annotation

In multimedia retrieval, multi-label annotation for image, text and video is challenging and attracts rapidly growing interests in past decades. The main crux of multi-label annotation lies on 1) how to reduce the model complexity when the label space expands exponentially with the increase of the number of labels; and 2) how to leverage the label correlations which have broadly believed useful for boosting annotation performance. In this paper, we propose "labelsets anchored subspace ensemble (LASE)" to solve both problems in an efficient scheme, whose training is a regularized matrix decomposition and prediction is an inference of group sparse representations. In order to shrink the label space, we firstly introduce "label distilling" extracting the frequent labelsets to replace the original labels. In the training stage, the data matrix is decomposed as the sum of several low-rank matrices and a sparse residual via a randomized optimization, where each low-rank part defines a feature subspace mapped by a labelset. A manifold regularization is applied to map the labelset geometry to the geometry of the obtained subspaces. In the prediction stage, the group sparse representation of a new sample on the subspace ensemble is estimated by group lasso. The selected subspaces indicate the labelsets that the sample should be annotated with. Experiments on several benchmark datasets of texts, images, web data and videos validate the appealing performance of LASE in multi-label annotation.
BIOMETRIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUGARCANE RATOON UNDER WATERLOGGING CONDITION

Biometric and physiological attributes of sugarcane variety CoC (Sc) 24 in ratoon crop under water-logging stress condition was investigated at Sugarcane Research Station, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore during November 2014. Various morphological attributes were recorded in sugarcane variety CoC(Sc) 24 growing in water-logged and normal condition. Data were collected on plant height and stalk diameter, which shows decreased result by 7.22% and 16.38%, respectively. Leaf growth parameters viz., LAI, leaf production and specific leaf weight of 7.69%, 5.76% and 8.53%, respectively and the values were statistically increase over control. Mean value of all the growth and quality parameters are furnished in many unfavourable deviations were observed in most of the morphological traits when the cane was grown under waterlogging condition. But considerable improvement was observed in number of nodes (14.8%); internodal length (17.65%); nodes carrying roots (42.86%); number of roots (62.72%) and root volume (49.29%) conferring tolerance to waterlogging stress. Quality of sugarcane viz., brix percentage, purity percentage, pol percentage and recoverable sugar were 12.31%, 4.63%, 14.153% and 49.17%, respectively. Normally ratoon has an additional advantage in giving better juice quality and sugar recovery in comparision to the plant crop of the same varieties under similar conditions. Cane yield shows no difference over control this might be due to rapid canopy development, early development of adequate stalk numbers for increased interception of light in the early growth, stability of harvested stalk weights to maintain yield. The growth parameters of sugarcane viz., tiller production, millable cane, cane yield and sugar yield were higher in CoC(Sc)24 ratoon (2.38%, 1.727%, 0.5% and 49.41%, respectively) in waterlogged sugarcane than control. Based on the results, it is suggested that CoC(Sc)24 sugarcane ratoon tolerance under waterlogged condition. This study also indicates that ratoon crop need certain Post-waterlogging Crop Management.
An Analysis of Verifications in Microblogging Social Networks -- Sina Weibo

Sina Weibo (Weibo) is a fast growing microblogging social network with total user size closer to Twitter. Weibo adopts a mechanism to verify users, so that the public can identify true accounts of celebrities and official channels of certain organizations. The verification mechanism builds trust and authenticity to the source, and hence, stimulates people to actively participate on the platform. However, how the verifications affect the user behaviors in microblogging social networks have never been fully investigated. This paper analyzes the Weibo social network with verifications, by comparing the user microblogging behaviors between verified users and unverified users and studying the social network evolvements of these two group of users. In addition, a method is proposed to approximately reconstruct the network evolvement, and lower bound quasi-densification exponents for the social networks are found. Empirical evidence demonstrates that verifications play a significant role in motivating users to have more interactions in a social network.
Cross-modal integration of natural auditory and visual stimuli

It is an important function of attention to direct our sensory organs towards objects of interest. Recent studies elucidate the relation between selected fixations of the eye and statistical properties of the visual stimulus (Reinagel & Zandor, 1999; Parkhurst et al., 2002; Einhauser & Konig, 2003). Remarkably, other modalities are equally effective in directing overt visual attention. Here we study the integration of simultaneously presented natural auditory and visual cues for the selection of fixation points. Recording the eye-traces of human observers, we show that lateralized auditory stimuli attract overt visual attention and increase fixation probability onto the site of stimulation and this effect decays over a time course of 4.5s. Upon combined presentation of auditory and visual stimuli, the spatial distribution of fixation points displays a strong bias towards the side of the auditory cue and, simultaneously, is spatially structured as determined by the visual stimulus. Fixation distributions obtained from presentation of a visual stimulus on its own and obtained from combined presentation of visual and auditory stimuli show a high correlation (r = 0.45). This implies that 20 % of the variance in the distribution of fixation points can be understood by adding the effect of the auditory cue with a visually determined saliency map. In summary, the interaction of cues from different modalities in overt attention under natural conditions is an integrative process, maintaining structured information of the visual modality when adding auditory information.
Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry-A Specification Error Approach

IN recent years, much economic research has been devoted to the investigation of the determinants of Research and Development (R & D) and to the testing of the Schumpeterian hypothesis that R & D is related to firm size. * This study investigates the relationship between R & D and size in the pharmaceutical industry. Unlike many other studies in the literature, this investigation is based on time series data, covering the period 1961 through 1972. Four well-̂ known models are tested using classical linear regression analysis as the estimation technique. The models are variations of:
Spectrum-based Software Fault Localization: A Survey of Techniques, Advances, and Challenges

Despite being one of the most basic tasks in software development, debugging is still performed in a mostly manual way, leading to high cost and low performance. To address this problem, researchers have studied promising approaches, such as Spectrum-based Fault Localization (SFL) techniques, which pinpoint program elements more likely to contain faults. This survey discusses the state-of-the-art of SFL, including the different techniques that have been proposed, the type and number of faults they address, the types of spectra they use, the programs they utilize in their validation, the testing data that support them, and their use at industrial settings. Notwithstanding the advances, there are still challenges for the industry to adopt these techniques, which we analyze in this paper. SFL techniques should propose new ways to generate reduced sets of suspicious entities, combine different spectra to fine-tune the fault localization ability, use strategies to collect fine-grained coverage levels from suspicious coarser levels for balancing execution costs and output precision, and propose new techniques to cope with multiple-fault programs. Moreover, additional user studies are needed to understand better how SFL techniques can be used in practice. We conclude by presenting a concept map about topics and challenges for future research in SFL.
A Visual Processing Task: Retina and V1

In the following few lectures we discuss a typical laboratory task that a monkey might have to perform. We will follow the neural signal through the dierent brain areas and discuss the neural systems which are involved in performing this task. The monkey sits in a chair in front of a monitor. A set of pictures ashed on the monitor. One of these pictures contains a banana. The monitor goes blank and after a delay a 'Go' command is shown. Now the monkey has to move a joystick to the point where the banana was. If the response is correct and within a certain time limit, it will get a reward. Such a simple task highlights the various tasks the nervous system has to do: • convert the picture into a neural signal • process and recognise the image • encode the task • remember the location of the banana • perform the arm movement, relative to the body position. • nally, the monkey needs to learn to perform the task based on the rewards it can earn.
Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylases Have a Function during the Formation of Secondary Cell Walls of Vascular Tissues Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.007773.

Xyloglucan transglycosylases (XETs) have been implicated in many aspects of cell wall biosynthesis, but their function in vascular tissues, in general, and in the formation of secondary walls, in particular, is less well understood. Using an in situ XET activity assay in poplar stems, we have demonstrated XET activity in xylem and phloem fibers at the stage of secondary wall formation. Immunolocalization of fucosylated xylogucan with CCRC-M1 antibodies showed that levels of this species increased at the border between the primary and secondary wall layers at the time of secondary wall deposition. Furthermore, one of the most abundant XET isoforms in secondary vascular tissues (PttXET16A) was cloned and immunolocalized to fibers at the stage of secondary wall formation. Together, these data strongly suggest that XET has a previously unreported role in restructuring primary walls at the time when secondary wall layers are deposited, probably creating and reinforcing the connections between the primary and secondary wall layers. We also observed that xylogucan is incorporated at a high level in the inner layer of nacreous walls of mature sieve tube elements.
Natural Information Processing Systems

Natural information processing systems such as biological evolution and human cognition organize information used to govern the activities of natural entities. When dealing with biologically secondary information, these systems can be specified by five common principles that we propose underlie natural information processing systems. The principles equate: (1) human long-term memory with a genome; (2) learning from other humans with biological reproduction; (3) problem solving through random generate and test with random mutation; (4) working memory when processing novel information with the epigenetic system managing environmental information; (5) long-term working memory with the epigenetic system managing genomic information. These five principles provide an integrated perspective for the nature of human learning and thought. They also have implications for the presentation of information.
Base Station Cooperation on the Downlink: Large System Analysis

This paper considers maximizing the network-wide minimum supported rate in the downlink of a two-cell system, where each base station (BS) is endowed with multiple antennas. This is done for different levels of cell cooperation. At one extreme, we consider single cell processing where the BS is oblivious to the interference it is creating at the other cell. At the other extreme, we consider full cooperative macroscopic beamforming. In between, we consider coordinated beamforming, which takes account of inter-cell interference, but does not require full cooperation between the BSs. We combine elements of Lagrangian duality and large system analysis to obtain limiting SINRs and bit-rates, allowing comparison between the considered schemes. The main contributions of the paper are theorems which provide concise formulas for optimal transmit power, beamforming vectors, and achieved signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) for the considered schemes. The formulas obtained are valid for the limit in which the number of users per cell, K, and the number of antennas per base station, N, tend to infinity, with fixed ratio β = K/N. These theorems also provide expressions for the effective bandwidths occupied by users, and the effective interference caused in the adjacent cell, which allow direct comparisons between the considered schemes.
Adaptations During the Acquisition of Expertise

For a long period, outstanding performance in complex domains was explained by innate abilities. Research on expertise questioned this assumption and showed that performance can tremendously be influenced by intensive deliberate practice. Evidence about the plasticity of the human mind and body suggests that the acquisition of expertise should rather be described as process of specific adaptations to typical tasks of the domain rather than as development of pre-existing innate abilities. Cognitive adaptations have been addressed in research on expertise for nearly half a century, whereas the investigation of physiological and neural adaptations as result of deliberate practice in specific domains is still at its beginning. Recent developments in sciences like neuroscience, training and exercise theory, physiology, or neurology, open new theoretical and technical possibilities to investigate such adaptations. Neuroimaging methods allow empirical analyses of functional and structural (anatomical) changes of the brain as result of intensive domain-specific practice. In this article, recent research concerning motor, physiological and neural plasticity is reviewed. Considerations are suggested how such research might influence educational issues of supporting the acquisition of expertise.