Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PDZK1 Is Required for Maintaining Hepatic Scavenger Receptor, Class B, Type I (SR-BI) Steady State Levels but Not Its Surface Localization or Function*

PDZK1 is a multi-PDZ domain-containing adaptor protein that binds to the C terminus of the high density lipoprotein receptor, scavenger receptor, class B, type I (SR-BI), and controls the posttranscriptional, tissue-specific expression of this lipoprotein receptor. In the absence of PDZK1 (PDZK1(-/-) mice), murine hepatic SR-BI protein levels are very low (<5% of control). As a consequence, abnormal plasma lipoprotein metabolism (∼1.5-1.7-fold increased total plasma cholesterol carried in both normal size and abnormally large high density lipoprotein particles) resembles, but is not as severely defective as, that in SR-BI(-/-) mice. Here we show that the total plasma cholesterol levels and size distribution of lipoproteins are virtually identical in SR-BI(-/-) and SR-BI(-/-)/PDZK1(-/-) mice, indicating that most, if not all of the effects of PDZK1 on lipoprotein metabolism are likely because of the effects of PDZK1 on SR-BI. Hepatic overexpression of wild-type SR-BI in PDZK1(-/-) mice restored near or greater than normal levels of cell surface-expressed, functional SR-BI protein levels in the livers of SR-BI(-/-)/PDZK1(-/-) mice and consequently restored apparently normal lipoprotein metabolism in the absence of PDZK1. Thus, PDZK1 is important for maintaining adequate steady state levels of SR-BI in the liver but is not essential for cell surface expression or function of hepatic SR-BI.
Repair of the acute deltoid ligament complex rupture associated with ankle fractures: a multicenter clinical study.

Controversy exists concerning the need for operative repair of the deltoid ligament during management of acute ankle fractures. The purpose of our report was to identify the indications for surgical intervention for deltoid ligament injury in the setting of ankle fractures. Furthermore, we aimed to elucidate the clinical outcomes after deltoid ligament repair in this setting. This was a multicenter study, involving 4 clinical institutions. From January 2006 to December 2011, 1533 ankle fractures underwent surgical intervention. Of this group, 131 deltoid ligament ruptures (8.55%) were identified and repaired operatively. Of the 131 patients, 74 were male (56.5%) and 57 were female (43.5%), with a mean age of 33.2 (range 16 to 63) years. The outcome measures included the clinical examination findings, radiographic findings, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scores, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item questionnaire scores. All incisions healed primarily. A total of 106 patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 (range 12 to 72) months, with an average follow-up period of 27 months. The mean interval to fracture union was 14.5 (range 9 to 16) weeks. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score at the latest follow-up visit was 91.4 (range 83 to 100) points. The mean visual analog scale score was 1.2 (range 0 to 6) points. The mean Short Form-36 score was 91.2 (range 80 to 96) points. Compared with the preoperative scores, all the 3 outcome measures had improved significantly postoperatively (p < .05). The postoperative stress radiographs did not reveal any ankle instability. None had evidence of post-traumatic arthritis of the ankle from the clinical examination and radiographs. A reasonable clinical evaluation and surgical repair was executed, with an appropriate repair technique chosen according to the site of deltoid ligament rupture. The results of the present multicenter study have shown that deltoid ligament rupture can be repaired in patients with an unstable medial ankle after fracture fixation and prevent ankle stabilization-related complications.
Mechanisms and Rationales for the Coordination of a Modular Assembly System: The Case of Volvo Cars

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate one crucial aspect and inherent difficulty of modular assembly systems, which is how the dispersed activities, resources and organizational units are coordinated with one another and the corresponding effects.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a subset of the data collected during a four‐year case study of Volvo Car Corporation's modular assembly system. For this particular paper, 15 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with representatives from different functions related to both pre‐ and final assembly activities.Findings – The paper concludes that the efficiency of a modular assembly system is dependent on the use of several coordination mechanisms, such as the use of plans, standardization and mutual adjustment. The efficiency‐related rationales of activity synchronization, resource sharing, and activity and resource development can then be achieved. These mechanisms should cross the boundaries of the organizational units performing pre‐ a.
The Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 2006: adoption as intervention. Meta-analytic evidence for massive catch-up and plasticity in physical, socio-emotional, and cognitive development.

BACKGROUND Adopted children have been said to be difficult children, scarred by their past experiences in maltreating families or neglecting orphanages, or by genetic or pre- and perinatal problems. Is (domestic or international) adoption an effective intervention in the developmental domains of physical growth, attachment security, cognitive development and school achievement, self-esteem, and behaviour problems? METHOD Through a series of meta-analyses on more than 270 studies that include more than 230,000 adopted and non-adopted children and their parents an adoption catch-up model was tested. RESULTS Although catch-up with current peers was incomplete in some developmental domains (in particular, physical growth and attachment), adopted children largely outperformed their peers left behind. Adoptions before 12 months of age were associated with more complete catch-up than later adoptions for height, attachment, and school achievement. International adoptions did not lead to lower rates of catch-up than domestic adoptions in most developmental domains. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that adoption is an effective intervention leading to massive catch-up. Domestic and international adoptions can be justified on ethical grounds if no other solutions are available. Humans are adapted to adopt, and adoption demonstrates the plasticity of child development.
Laurence Barron: The founding father of Raman optical activity.

Laurence D. Barron (Fig. 1) was born in Southampton (United Kingdom) in 1944. He studied Chemistry at the Northern Polytechnic and graduated with a first class honours degree from London University (internal) in 1965. He went on to study for his doctoral degree at Lincoln College (Oxford University) under the supervision of Prof. Peter W. Atkins. At Oxford, he discovered a new fundamental light scattering mechanism from chiral molecules from which he predicted the new phenomena of Rayleigh and Raman optical activity (ROA). After completion of his PhD in 1969, Laurence moved to Cambridge University to work with David Buckingham (Fig. 2) where they developed the definitive theory of ROA in 1971 [4] and utilised this phenomenon to obtain vibrational optical activity spectra of chiral molecules through the use of circularly polarised Raman spectroscopy [3]. Lau-
Healthcare in the age of open innovation – A literature review

Background: In spite of an increased interest in open innovation and strategies that call for an increased collaboration between different healthcare actors, there is a lack of open innovation research in public contexts. Objective: This article presents the results of a review regarding the healthcare sector’s engagement in open innovation as well as constraining factors and positive outcomes of open innovation in healthcare. Method: The literature search focused on papers published in English between 2003 and 2014. Based on specified inclusion criteria, 18 articles were included. Results: Results reveal that most studies focus on inbound open innovation where external knowledge is integrated with the internal knowledge base at an initial phase of the innovation process. Innovation primarily results in products and services through innovation networks. We also identified constraining factors for open innovation in healthcare, including the complex organizations of healthcare, the need to establish routines for capturing knowledge from patients and clinicians, regulations and healthcare data laws as well as the positive outcome patient empowerment. Conclusion: The healthcare sector’s engagement in open innovation is limited, and it is necessary to perform further research with a focus on how open innovation can be managed in healthcare.
DELINEATING SHOPPERS OF LIVE SEAFOOD IN THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES

The study assessed the decisions of shoppers of live seafood and the influence of various factors using a latent class probit model in the Midwestern United States.The results suggest the presence of heterogeneity among shoppers and the existence of two groups of shoppers. One group that could be best described as “traditional shoppers” made purchase decisions that were influenced by their ethnic cultural heritage traditions and economic considerations. Product appearance and weekly frequency of purchase were not important variables that influenced the decisions of this group of shoppers. The second group that could be described as “occasional shoppers” purchased live seafood less frequently, mainly in spring/summer. Long-distance travel to shop and the importance of product appearance were factors that affected occasional shoppers in their purchase decisions of live fish/shellfish. For the occasional buyers of live seafood, quality appears to be more important in their decision-making process than economic factors.
Capacity building: Facilitating citizen participation in local governance

The International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) suggests that local government, as the level of government closest to the people, has an important role to play in facilitating opportunities for local citizens to take action on local sustainability issues (ICLEI 1997). However, it is argued that citizens and community groups will require support from local governments to be able to participate effectively. Such a capacity building role for local governments has not yet been well articulated (Cuthill 2003b, 2001; Gaventa 2001; Blaxter 2003; Wallis and Dollery 2002). Capacity building is an ambiguous concept both in its conceptualisation and in implementation (Eade 1997). Epstein et al. (2000:2) argue that ‘it is difficult to point to a widely accepted ‘good practices framework’ either for citizens or for those attempting to engage citizens’. Nevertheless, while recent literature suggests some distinct themes that might contribute to such a framework (Cavaye 1999; Eade 1997; Jackson 2001; Kaplan 1997; Lowndes and Wilson 2001; Lyons et al. 2001), little work has been undertaken to synthesise these themes within a capacity building framework. This article presents a synthesis of research findings drawn from a pilot study and five applied research projects focusing on the concepts and processes which underpin the operationalisation of citizen participation in local governance. However, it does not re-visit in any detail the empirical research methods and findings from these previous studies. Rather, the approach taken in this paper is heuristic in that it draws on inductive reasoning from past experience. Readers are invited to explore in more detail, through the cited literature, results from these previous studies. The research program was completed over a three year period from 1999 to 2002. The guiding question for this research asked, How can local governments enhance the capacity of citizens to take informed action for a sustainable local community? This guiding question was explored through the pursuit of three objectives. These were first, to identify and analyse what is required by communities to enable them to take informed action for a sustainable local community, second, to explore the role that citizen participation in local governance plays in working towards a sustainable local community; and third, to identify, analyse and implement institutional requirements within local government that will support and facilitate citizen participation in local governance. The pilot study (Cuthill 2002a) and subsequently, five applied research projects were undertaken to explore these objectives (Cuthill 2004, 2003a, 2002b, 2001, Cuthill et al. 2004). These projects adopted an action research approach working with citizens, local community groups and local government, to test capacity building processes that might facilitate citizen participation in local governance. Building on the results from the pilot study, applied research and the literature reviewed for
Trade and Conflict: Proximity, Country Size, and Measures

The effect of trade on military conflict is one of the most important questions in international relations. Liberals argue that trade brings peace, neo-realists and neo-Marxists reason that trade brings conflict, while classical realists contend that trade has no impact on conflict. This article investigates theoretically and empirically some of the most important issues that remain in this literature: the roles of geographical proximity, country size, the handling of the trade data, and the conceptualization of conflict. Employing a simultaneous equations model, we find that the claim that trade brings peace is not robust, but rather it is conflict that reduces trade.
Trichloroethene and cis‐1,2‐dichloroethene concentration‐dependent toxicity model simulates anaerobic dechlorination at high concentrations: I. batch‐fed reactors

A model was developed to describe toxicity from high concentrations of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) on reductively dechlorinating cultures under batch‐growth conditions. A reductively dechlorinating anaerobic Evanite subculture (EV‐cDCE) was fed trichloroethene (TCE) and excess electron donor to accumulate cis‐1,2‐dichloroethene (cDCE) in batch‐fed reactors. A second Point Mugu (PM) culture was also studied in the cDCE accumulating batch‐fed experiment, as well as in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent cDCE exposure experiment. Both cultures accumulated cDCE to concentrations ranging from 9,000 to 12,000 µM before cDCE production from TCE ceased. Exposure to approximately 3,000 and 6,000 µM cDCE concentrations for 5 days during continuous TCE dechlorination exhibited greater loss in activity proportional to both time and concentration of exposure than simple endogenous decay. Various inhibition models were analyzed for the two cultures, including the previously proposed Haldane inhibition model and a maximum threshold inhibition model, but neither adequately fit all experimental observations. A concentration‐dependent toxicity model is proposed, which simulated all the experimental observations well. The toxicity model incorporates CAH toxicity terms that directly increase the cell decay coefficient in proportion with CAH concentrations. We also consider previously proposed models relating toxicity to partitioning in the cell wall (KM/B), proportional to octanol–water partitioning (KOW) coefficients. A reanalysis of previously reported modeling of batch tests using the Haldane model of Yu and Semprini, could be fit equally well using the toxicity model presented here, combined with toxicity proportioned to cell wall partitioning. A companion paper extends the experimental analysis and our modeling approach to a completely mixed reactor and a fixed film reactor. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 529–539. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partial reversal of transformed fusiform phenotype by overexpression of calreticulin

Calreticulin, a Ca2+-storage and chaperone protein of the ER, has also been shown to affect cell adhesiveness. To examine the effects of differential expression of calreticulin on cellular adhesiveness, we used L fibroblast cell lines stably expressing either elevated or reduced amounts of full length, ER-targeted calreticulin. Overexpression of calreticulin correlates with an increase in adhesiveness of L fibroblasts such that these transformed cells acquire epithelioid morphology and form an epithelial-cell sheet when crowded. Functionally, the “reversal” of transformed phenotype in L fibroblasts differentially overexpressing calreticulin can be accounted for by changes in levels of expression of N-cadherin and vinculin. Structurally, however, although the form and extent of cell-cell contacts in L fibroblasts overexpressing calreticulin mimicked those in normal epithelia, electron microscopical examination revealed that cell-cell junctions formed by these transformed cells bore only superficial resemblance to those of normal epithelia in culture. Our data imply that overexpression of calreticulin, while partially reverses fusiform transformed phenotype is in itself insufficient to re-establish bona fide zonulae adherens in transformed fibroblasts.
Democracy, property rights and economic growth

What does the global surge in democracy and capitalism portend for economic growth? The shift toward popular government is predicted by some to accelerate growth, by others to retard it. Often left out of the equation is property rights as a factor distinct from democratic rule. Using recent data on 59 less developed and transitional countries, this article explores the relationship among institutional factors and growth in the 1980s and early 1990s. Democratic freedoms and property rights are associated with the dependent variable, suggesting that national income in poor countries stands to gain from recent efforts to implant these institutions.
The Attitudes of Tertiary Students on Tax Evasion and the Penalties for Tax Evasion - A Pilot Study and Demographic Analysis

The tax compliance behavioural literature indicates that among other factors, demographic variables play an important role in the compliance behaviour of taxpayers. This pilot study investigates the relationship that exists between demographic and other major tax compliance variables and the attitudes of students towards tax evasion and the penalties for tax evasion. A survey of 470 tertiary taxation students was recently conducted. The findings revealed that the demographic variables analysed including, gender, age, nationality, education/qualifications, occupation, and income level in most cases held statistically significant relationships with the incidence of tax evasion and the penalties for evasion. These results provide useful information for revenue collecting authorities and have implications for tax policy development.
Testing general relativity during the cruise phase of the BepiColombo mission to Mercury

General relativity (GR) predicts that photons are delayed and deflected by the space curvature produced by any mass. The Post-Newtonian (PN) parameter controlling the curvature induced by a gravitational field is γ, with bending and delay effects proportional to (γ + 1). γ = 1 in GR. The most accurate estimation of this PN parameter γ = (1 + (2.1 ± 2.3)) · 10-5, has been obtained by the NASA mission Cassini [1] exploiting the frequency shift of radio signal during a Superior Solar Conjunction (SSC) in 2002, while the spacecraft was in cruise to Saturn. The crucial element of the experiment was an advanced radio system providing a highly stable multi-frequency radio link in X and Ka band (8.4 and 32.5 GHz), and a nearly complete cancellation of the plasma noise introduced by the solar corona in Doppler measurements. The ESA-JAXA mission BepiColombo to Mercury will improve the Cassini radio instrumentation by enabling the ranging function also in the Ka band radio link used by the Mercury Orbiter Radio science Experiment (MORE). The fully digital architecture of the transponder provides a pseudo-noie modulation of the carrier at 24 Mcps and a two-way range accuracy of 20 cm. Thanks to the simultaneous tracking by means of the standard telecommunication link, both range and range rate observables will be available for new, more accurate tests of GR. This paper reports on the simulations carried out in order to assess the attainable accuracies in the estimation of γ during the cruise phase of BepiColombo. In an optimal configuration, an uncertainty of 5·10-6 may be attained.
Mapping a country's competitive position: a real exchange rate approach

Purpose - The observed real exchange rate, measured as an effective index of real labour costs, may serve as a base for the evaluation of the Portuguese economy's competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the positioning of the real exchange rate, throughout time, against a benchmark that guarantees external macroeconomic equilibrium (balanced fundamental account). Design/methodology/approach - This paper uses the effective real exchange rate as an indicator of Portugal's competitive position in relation to its major trading partners (fundamental equilibrium exchange rate approach using the unit labour costs). Findings - The authors found evidence that the real exchange rate has been persistently overvalued since the early 1990s. The evolution of this situation, which is harmful for the national economy, does not evidence the return to a path that may ensure external equilibrium for Portugal. The results show evidence of significant overvaluation of the Portuguese real exchange rate when compared to its estimated equilibrium level. In order to achieve a balanced fundamental account and considering a margin of error of 5 per cent, the real exchange rate needs to depreciate between 27.69 and 30.61 per cent. Originality/value - The relevance of the real effective exchange rate as a macroeconomic indicator arises from its role as a measure of national competitiveness. Computed as a measure of the difference of international prices, adjusted to the same unit of measurement, it represents the relative price of goods between countries, determining where this same price may be higher or lower. According to Krugman and Obstfeld, the manipulation of the real effective exchange rate allows one country to adjust its level of competitiveness against its trading partners.