Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Framelet-Based Blind Motion Deblurring From a Single Image

How to recover a clear image from a single motion-blurred image has long been a challenging open problem in digital imaging. In this paper, we focus on how to recover a motion-blurred image due to camera shake. A regularization-based approach is proposed to remove motion blurring from the image by regularizing the sparsity of both the original image and the motion-blur kernel under tight wavelet frame systems. Furthermore, an adapted version of the split Bregman method is proposed to efficiently solve the resulting minimization problem. The experiments on both synthesized images and real images show that our algorithm can effectively remove complex motion blurring from natural images without requiring any prior information of the motion-blur kernel.
Circulating and Tumor-Infiltrating Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell Subset in Chinese Patients with Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma

Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) usually act as an immune suppressor and correlate with poorer survival in malignancies. This study aims to investigate the distribution and characterization of Foxp3+ subset in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tumor tissues from extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL). Our study showed the percentage of Foxp3+ subset from PBMC was significantly higher than that of healthy individuals (P<0.001). The Foxp3+ subset from PBMCs expressed CD45RO, CTLA4, GITR, CCR7, and had an IL-10highIFNγ+TGFβ+IL-2lowIL-17low cytokine secreting phenotype. Interestingly, the existence of EBV antigen-specific CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs was discovered in ENKTL. Furthermore, the high density of Foxp3+ TILs was associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) in ENKTL patients (P<0.05). Collectively, our study implicates that EBV antigens could induce antigen-specific CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs in ENKTL, and Foxp3+ TILs is an independent factor for PFS in ENKTL.
GMPS(Group based multi-level packet scheduling) method in multi-beam based mobile communication system

The exponential increase of global mobile data traffic requires future 5G system. Millimeter Waveform (mmWave) band is being considered as a candidate for new radio bands for 5G systems. In this paper, we present beam-forming technology on patch antenna array to cope path loss of mmWave band. In order to reduce the interference between beams and to compensate for this problems of limitation of user number, we proposed beam group method and GMPS(Group based MultiLevel Packet Scheduling) in 5G system based multi-beam. This paper evaluates performance of the GMPS in beam-forming system through the system level simulation.
Study of the semileptonic decay D + s → f 0 ( 980 ) e + ν and implications for B 0 s → J / ψf 0

Using e+e− → D− s D∗+ s and D∗− s D+ s interactions at 4170 MeV collected with the CLEOc detector, we investigate the semileptonic decays D+ s → f0(980)eν, and D+ s → φe+ν. By examining the decay rates as functions of the four-momentum transfer squared, q2, we measure the ratio [ dB dq2 (D+ s → f0(980)eν)B(f0 → π+π−) ] / [ dB dq2 (D+ s → φe+ν)B(φ → K+K−) ] at q2 of zero to be (42±11)%. This ratio has been predicted to equal the rate ratio [B(Bs → J/ψf0)B(f0 → π+π−)] / [B(Bs → J/ψφ)B(φ → K+K−)], thus indicating that the CP eigenstate J/ψf0 could be useful for measuring CP violation via Bs mixing. Assuming a simple pole model for the form factor |f+(q)| in the f0eν decay, we find a pole mass of (1.7 −0.7±0.2) GeV. We also determine the f0 mass and width as (977 −9 ±1) MeV, and (91 +30 −22±3) MeV, respectively. In addition, we present updated results for B(D+ s → f0(980)eν)B(f0 → π+π−) = (0.20±0.03±0.01)%, and B(D+ s → φe+ν) = (2.36 ± 0.23 ± 0.13)%. Assuming that the f0 wavefunction is a combination of strange and non-strange quark-antiquark components, we use our measurement for B(D+ s → f0(980)eν) to extract a value of the mixing angle that we find consistent with | ss〉 dominance, adding to the mystery as to why the f0 decays predominantly to two pions rather than two kaons. PACS numbers: 13.20. Fc, 12.38. Qk, 14.40. Lb
Multi-Channel Hybrid Access Femtocells: A Stochastic Geometric Analysis

For two-tier networks consisting of macrocells and femtocells, the channel access mechanism can be configured to be open access, closed access, or hybrid access. Hybrid access arises as a compromise between open and closed access mechanisms, in which a fraction of available spectrum resource is shared to nonsubscribers while the remaining reserved for subscribers. This paper focuses on a hybrid access mechanism for multi-channel femtocells which employ orthogonal spectrum access schemes. Considering a randomized channel assignment strategy, we analyze the performance in the downlink. Using stochastic geometry as technical tools, we model the distribution of femtocells as Poisson point process or Neyman-Scott cluster process and derive the distributions of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios, and mean achievable rates, of both nonsubscribers and subscribers. The established expressions are amenable to numerical evaluation, and shed key insights into the performance tradeoff between subscribers and nonsubscribers. The analytical results are corroborated by numerical simulations.
An Overview of Fermentation Production and Application of Bacterial Cellulose

Bacterial cellulose is a new pattern material produced by microorganism, because it has unique physical properties, chemical characteristics and mechanical properities, so it’s widely applied into food, biomedical, textile and many other kinds of industry. On the other side, because it’s a kind of pure natural biopolymer produced by microorganism, so the cellulose has biological activity, biodegradability and biocompatibility etc of excellent characteristics. It has been proved that bacterial cellulose is a biological environmental protection type material, so it becomes the hotspot of many researches and applications all over the world. This paper summarized the method of screening the cellulose-producing strain, how to make the bacterial cellulose yield increase, and the bacterial cellulose’s important applications in different industries.
Pre-attentive visual segmentation algorithm for cognitive robots

Pre-attentive segmentation is one of important process for object-based visual perception of cognitive robots. This paper proposes a Bhattacharyya distance based irregular pyramid method for pre-attentive segmentation. This algorithm hierarchically builds each level of the irregular pyramid by accumulating similar and spatially close nodes at the level below, with the result that the final segments emerge in this process as they are represented by single nodes at certain levels. The Bhattacharyya distance is used to estimate the intralevel similarity so as to improve the segmentation accuracy and robustness to noise. The ability to self-determine the number of segments is also developed for the pyramidal accumulation process by proposing an adaptive neighbor search method. Experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing image segmentation algorithms in terms of segmentation accuracy and robustness to noise.
Mapping Protein-Protein Proximity in the Purinosome*

Background: Six enzymes in the human de novo purine synthesis pathway form a cellular enzyme complex, the purinosome, to increase the purine synthesis rate under a purine-depleted condition. Results: Cellular protein-protein proximity was detected among six enzymes in the human de novo purine synthesis pathway. Conclusion: All six enzymes in the human de novo purine synthesis pathway are in proximity during purinosome formation, which could be achieved by either direct or indirect protein-protein interactions. Significance: Probing cellular protein-protein proximity provides an approach to examine the factors modulating purinosome formation and disassembly. The enzymes in the human de novo purine synthesis pathway were found to form a cellular complex, the purinosome, upon culturing cells in purine-depleted medium (An, S., Kumar R., Sheets, E. D., and Benkovic, S. J. (2008) Science 320, 103–106). Purinosome formation and dissociation were found to be modulated by several factors, including the microtubule network and cell signaling involving protein phosphorylation. To determine whether the pathway enzymes are in physical contact, we probed for the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) within the purinosome with a novel application of the Tango PPI reporter system (Barnea, G., Strapps, W., Herrada, G., Berman, Y., Ong, J., Kloss, B., Axel, R., and Lee, K. J. (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 64–69). We found PPIs among all six enzymes within the pathway and evidence for a core involving the first three enzymes. We also captured purinosomes under both purine-rich and purine-depleted conditions. The results provide additional insights into the transient nature and topography of the purinosome.
A Multi-scale Formulation for Predicting Non-linear Thermo-electro-mechanical Response in Heterogeneous Bodies

This study presents a multi-scale formulation for analyzing coupled heat conduction and thermo-electro-mechanical deformation in heterogeneous bodies, namely active composites. The studied active composite comprises ferroelectric inclusions dispersed in polymer matrix. The multi-scale framework is derived based on an integrated simplified micromechanical and finite element model. A non-linear thermo-electro-elastic constitutive model of materials undergoing large electric driving fields and small strains is used for the polarized ferroelectric inclusions. An integration algorithm with predictor and corrector schemes is developed to obtain approximate solutions of field variables: temperature, displacement, strain, stress, electric field, and electric displacement. The multi-scale model is capable of determining field variables at multiple length scales which is important when non-linear behaviors in the constituents of heterogeneous bodies are considered. We examine the effect of mismatches in the properties of the constituents in an active composite on the overall field coupling responses in the composite. We also compare the field coupling responses in an active composite to those of a homogeneous body, i.e., lead zirconate titanate (PZT). We finally present a simulation of controlling deformation in a smart cantilever beam using the multiscale framework.
Average Case Lower Bounds for Monotone Switching Networks

An approximate computation of a Boolean function by a circuit or switching network is a computation in which the function is computed correctly on the majority of the inputs (rather than on all inputs). Besides being interesting in their own right, lower bounds for approximate computation have proved useful in many sub areas of complexity theory, such as cryptography and derandomization. Lower bounds for approximate computation are also known as correlation bounds or average case hardness. In this paper, we obtain the first average case monotone depth lower bounds for a function in monotone P. We tolerate errors that are asymptotically the best possible for monotone circuits. Specifically, we prove average case exponential lower bounds on the size of monotone switching networks for the GEN function. As a corollary, we separate the monotone NC hierarchy in the case of errors -- a result which was previously only known for exact computations. Our proof extends and simplifies the Fourier analytic technique due to Potechin, and further developed by Chan and Potechin. As a corollary of our main lower bound, we prove that the communication complexity approach for monotone depth lower bounds does not naturally generalize to the average case setting.
Orientational diffusion reflects fiber structure within a voxel

Several new MR techniques have been introduced to infer direction through diffusion in multiple nerve fiber bundles within a voxel. To date, however, there has been no physical model reported to evaluate these methodologies and their ability to determine fiber orientation. In this article a model of diffusion analogous to nerve fibers is presented. Diffusion measurements at multiple closely spaced angles of 15° in samples with different fiber orientations are compared with theoretical calculations for restricted diffusion in cylindrical geometry. Orientational diffusion measurements are shown to reflect fiber geometry and theoretical predictions to within 10%. Simulations of fiber crossings within a voxel suggest fiber orientation does not correspond to the direction of the largest measured diffusion coefficient, but theoretical knowledge of signal decay curves can predict the shape of these diffusion coefficient contours for given fiber orientation probabilities. Magn Reson Med 48:454–459, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stock Price Volatility and Patent Citation Dynamics: the case of the pharmaceutical industry

Recent finance literature highlights the role of technological change in increasing firm specific and aggregate stock price volatility (Campbell et al. 2001, Shiller 2000, Pastor and Veronesi 2006). Yet innovation data is not used in these analyses, leaving the direct relationship between innovation and volatility untested. Our aim is to investigate more closely the relationship between stock price volatility and innovation using firm level patent citation data. The analysis builds on the empirical work by Mazzucato (2002; 2003) where it is found that stock price volatility is highest during periods in the industry life-cycle when innovation (measured at the industry level) is the most 'competencedestroying'. Here we ask whether firms which invest more in innovation (more R&D and more patents) and/or which have 'more important' innovations (patents with more citations) experience more volatility. We focus the analysis on firms in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries between 1974 and 1999. Results suggest that there is a positive and significant relationship between idiosyncratic risk, R&D intensity and the various patent related measures. Preliminary support is also found for the 'rational bubble' hypothesis linking both the level and volatility of stock prices to innovation.
Quantitative retrieval of soil moisture content and surface roughness from multipolarized radar observations of bare soil surfaces

A semiempirical polarimetric backscattering model for bare soil surfaces is inverted directly to retrieve both the volumetric soil moisture content M/sub v/ and the rms surface height s from multipolarized radar observations. The rms surface height s and the moisture content M/sub v/ can be read from inversion diagrams using the measurements of the cross-polarized backscattering coefficient /spl sigma//sub vh//sup 0/ and the copolarized ratio p(=/spl sigma//sub hh//sup 0///spl sigma//sub vv//sup 0/). Otherwise, the surface parameters can be estimated simply by solving two equations (/spl sigma//sub vh//sup 0/ and p) in two unknowns (M/sub v/ and s). The inversion technique has been applied to the polarimetric backscattering coefficients measured by ground-based polarimetric scatterometers and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory airborne synthetic aperture radar. A good agreement was observed between the values of surface parameters (the rms height s, roughness parameter ks, and the volumetric soil moisture content M/sub v/) estimated by the inversion technique and those measured in situ.
Crystal structure of the central axis DF complex of the prokaryotic V-ATPase

V-ATPases function as ATP-dependent ion pumps in various membrane systems of living organisms. ATP hydrolysis causes rotation of the central rotor complex, which is composed of the central axis D subunit and a membrane c ring that are connected by F and d subunits. Here we determined the crystal structure of the DF complex of the prokaryotic V-ATPase of Enterococcus hirae at 2.0-Å resolution. The structure of the D subunit comprised a long left-handed coiled coil with a unique short β-hairpin region that is effective in stimulating the ATPase activity of V1-ATPase by twofold. The F subunit is bound to the middle portion of the D subunit. The C-terminal helix of the F subunit, which was believed to function as a regulatory region by extending into the catalytic A3B3 complex, contributes to tight binding to the D subunit by forming a three-helix bundle. Both D and F subunits are necessary to bind the d subunit that links to the c ring. From these findings, we modeled the entire rotor complex (DFdc ring) of V-ATPase.
Extractive Summarization under Strict Length Constraints

In this paper we report a comparison of various techniques for single-document extractive summarization under strict length budgets, which is a common commercial use case (e.g. summarization of news articles by news aggregators). We show that, evaluated using ROUGE, numerous algorithms from the literature fail to beat a simple lead-based baseline for this task. However, a supervised approach with lightweight and efficient features improves over the lead-based baseline. Additional human evaluation demonstrates that the supervised approach also performs competitively with a commercial system that uses more sophisticated features.
Molecular construction and characterization of nif mutants of the obligate methanotroph Methylosinus sp. strain 6

We describe here a method for constructing mutants in bacteria that are not amenable to mutant isolation by conventional means. A one-step marker exchange procedure was used to construct nitrogen fixation (nif) mutants of the obligate methane-utilizing bacterium Methylosinus sp. strain 6, using transposon 5 (Tn5)-containing nif genes cloned into pBR325. The resultant mutants appeared to contain defects in nif structural genes, and DNA hybridization analysis showed that although one out of five had apparently been produced as a result of double-crossover homologous recombination, a variety of molecular events had led to the production of the other four mutants.
Volume phase gratings for spectroscopy, ultrafast laser compressors, and wavelength division multiplexing

Volume phase (VP) gratings are now available and being applied to the applications of astronomical spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ultrafast lasers, and wavelength division multiplexers. A volume phase grating results from the recording of an interferometric pattern within the volume of a material which, when suitably processed, becomes a modulation of the material's index of refraction. When a VP grating is substantially illuminated, the light interacts with the material due tot he recorded pattern. Light propagates within and out of the VP grating according to Bragg diffraction. Definitions of various VP gratings designed and fabricated to study performance are provided as relating to the applications listed above. Performance parameters include diffraction efficiency, spectral coverage, and angular coverage. Descriptions of the test methods are given. Performance data is provided and compared to the respective design.
Malware authors don't learn, and that's good!

The Waledac malware first appeared in November 2008, shortly after the Storm botnet became inactive. This malware is currently quite prominent and active. Its main propagation mechanism is via social engineering schemes which entice or trick users into downloading and executing the malware binaries. The Waledac malware differs significantly from the Storm malware. For example, unlike Storm, Waledac utilises strong cryptographic algorithms, such as AES and RSA with 128 and 1024-bit keys, respectively. There are however a number of design and implementation errors and weaknesses in the malware which makes it relatively easy to intercept, analyse and modify and even to replay Waledac's communication traffic. Interestingly, some of these design and implementation errors and weaknesses were also present in the Storm malware. In this paper, we present the results of our analysis on Waledac. To facilitate our analysis, we captured several versions of the malware binaries and reverse engineered them. We also executed the binaries in secure environments and observed their communication traffic. Our analysis provides valuable insights into the inner working of Waledac malware and the botnet it constitutes. In addition to giving details of the mode of operation of Waledac, we highlight some of the weakness of Waledac, outline some of the differences and similarities betweenWaledac and Storm, and suggest means by which Waledac botnet can be infiltrated and disrupted.
Dense Mapping for Range Sensors: Efficient Algorithms and Sparse Representations

This paper focuses on efficient occupancy grid building based on wavelet occupancy grids, a new sparse grid representation and on a new update algorithm for range sensors. The update algorithm takes advantage of the natural multiscale properties of the wavelet expansion to update only parts of the environement that are modified by the sensor measurements and at the proper scale. The sparse wavelet representation coupled with an efficient algorithm presented in this paper provides efficient and fast updating of occupancy grids. It leads to realtime results especially in 2D grids and for the first time in 3D grids. Experiments and results are discussed for both real and simulated data.
Congenital malformations and maternal occupation: a registry based case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relations between congenital malformations and maternal occupation during pregnancy with a registry based case-control study. METHODS: Analysis was performed on data derived from the Florence Eurocat registry surveillance programme. The study included cases with isolated conditions, including chromosomal anomalies (n = 1351), cases with multiple anomalies registered during the 1980-91 period (n = 440), and babies with no congenital malformations recognised at birth who were born from 1982 to 1989 and selected as controls (n = 3223). 11 categories were defined, 10 including cases with isolated malformations and one for cases with multiple congenital anomalies. Four categories of maternal occupation were selected for the study. Odds ratio (OR) values were adjusted for maternal origin, maternal and paternal education, number of previous live births, illness during pregnancy, and maternal age when the group of chromosomal anomalies was analysed. RESULTS: A notable and significant association between oral clefts and mothers involved in leather and shoe manufacturing was found (adjusted OR 3.9; 99% confidence interval (99% CI) 1.5 to 9.8) and the risk consistently increased when considering cases with isolated cleft palate separately (OR 5.4; 95% CI 1.8 to 13.4). Moreover, a significant risk was identified for the association between multiple anomalies and textile dye workers (adjusted OR 1.9; 99% CI 1.0 to 3.8). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates a notable, significant relation between maternal occupation as a pelt or leather worker and orofacial clefts in offspring. This finding is in agreement with the suggested inheritance models. The dilution effect due to studying large and heterogeneous groups of workers and occupations limits the value of the study; but it provides a good example of the use of a large database to search for teratogenic risk with the aid of malformation registries.