Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who is a Tourist?: A Conceptual Clarification

Who does not know a tourist? Tourism is so widespread and ubiquitous in our day that there are scarcely people left in the world who would not recognize a tourist immediately. Indeed, the stereotype of the tourist, as the slightly funny, quaintly dressed, camera-toting foreigner, ignorant, passive, shallow and gullible,is so deep-seated that it tends to dominate not only the popular imagery but also some serious writing on the subject. ̂ The tourist in our day has become a cultural type with apparently clearly recognizable traits; hence few contemporary sociologists who deal with the subject have bothered to define the tourist role carefully, and some have not even attempted to define it at all. * But the unrefiective acceptance of the common-sensical stereotype of the tourist harbours some inherent dangers. The principal manifestations of contemporary tourism are indeed well-known and easily recognizable; but they do not comprise the whole range of touristic phenomena. Indeed, one of the more interesting features accompanying the contemporary tourist boom is the extraordinary proliferation of diverse forms of tourism, ranging from short excursions to round-theworld trips, from sea-side vacations to veritable expeditions into almost unknown parts of the world, for example Antarctica or Greenland,^ from organized and routinized mass-travel to leisurely, individualized exploration or drifting off-the-beaten-track. *^ In addition to fully-fiedged tourism, there exist many traveller roles which possess a 'touristic component' of varying strength; prominent examples are the Italian or Irish immigrant who pays a visit to the *old country', the young professional engaging in 'touristry', that is in a search for jobs which will give him an opportunity to see the world while working,̂ the pilgrim who combines devotion with some 'religious tourism',^ or the person who 'takes the waters' at a spa, ostensibly to improve his health but actually to enjoy himself. ̂ Such a 'touristic component' is also present even in a short pleasure trip,^" an outing or a picnic. Instead of a clearly bounded phenomenon, tour-
Distributed social graph embedding

Distributed recommender systems are becoming increasingly important for they address both scalability and the Big Brother syndrome. Link prediction is one of the core mechanism in recommender systems and relies on extracting some notion of proximity between entities in a graph. Applied to social networks, defining a proximity metric between users enable to predict potential relevant future relationships. In this paper, we propose SoCS (Social Coordinate Systems}, a fully distributed algorithm that embeds any social graph in an Euclidean space, which can easily be used to implement link prediction. To the best of our knowledge, SoCS is the first system explicitly relying on graph embedding. Inspired by recent works on non-isomorphic embeddings, the SoCS embedding preserves the community structure of the original graph, while being easy to decentralize. Nodes thus get assigned coordinates that reflect their social position. We show through experiments on real and synthetic data sets that these coordinates can be exploited for efficient link prediction.
Immigrant children from Latin America at Japanese schools

An ethnographic study conducted between 2003 and 2006 followed three children from Latin America attending three different public Japanese primary schools. The investigation concerned a Japanese-language tutoring programme for foreign children, which was evaluated by participant observation and a set of in-depth interviews with officials, school principals and teachers. The programme appeared to be ineffective because of the influence of a strong assimilation policy, homogenous and standard teaching, and ethnic and gender assumptions at the schools.
The Use of Immersive Virtual Reality (VR) to Predict the Occurrence 6 Months Later of Paranoid Thinking and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Assessed by Self-Report and Interviewer Methods: A Study of Individuals Who Have Been Physically Assaulted

Presentation of social situations via immersive virtual reality (VR) has the potential to be an ecologically valid way of assessing psychiatric symptoms. In this study we assess the occurrence of paranoid thinking and of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in response to a single neutral VR social environment as predictors of later psychiatric symptoms assessed by standard methods. One hundred six people entered an immersive VR social environment (a train ride), presented via a head-mounted display, 4 weeks after having attended hospital because of a physical assault. Paranoid thinking about the neutral computer-generated characters and the occurrence of PTSD symptoms in VR were assessed. Reactions in VR were then used to predict the occurrence 6 months later of symptoms of paranoia and PTSD, as assessed by standard interviewer and self-report methods. Responses to VR predicted the severity of paranoia and PTSD symptoms as assessed by standard measures 6 months later. The VR assessments also added predictive value to the baseline interviewer methods, especially for paranoia. Brief exposure to environments presented via virtual reality provides a symptom assessment with predictive ability over many months. VR assessment may be of particular benefit for difficult to assess problems, such as paranoia, that have no gold standard assessment method. In the future, VR environments may be used in the clinic to complement standard self-report and clinical interview methods.
Narratives of home and place: findings from the Housing and Independent Living Study

ABSTRACT As populations age, increased focus is given to the importance of enabling older people to age in place. The study reported in this paper explored the extent to which older people considered their homes and neighbourhoods to be ‘supportive’, and sought to increase understanding of the needs and experiences of older people and their expectations of future housing needs. This paper reports qualitative data from the Housing and Independent Living (HAIL) study carried out in Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 202 community-dwelling people aged 75–79 years. Interviews were transcribed, coded and analysed using computer-assisted qualitative analysis and a narrative approach to identify broad themes. Thematic analysis was used to examine and understand how occupants subjectively viewed their homes, and how they planned to adapt/modify either their activities or homes to accommodate changing needs. Six key themes emerged, namely housing choice, attachment to place, financial issues, changes to the home over time, transport, and anticipating the future. In this study, people who most strongly identified with and felt connected to their neighbours/communities had more positive perceptions of their homes and communities, and may be better able to remain in their home despite increasing disability or frailty. Housing policies and home and urban design should ensure home and neighbourhood environments are safe, accessible, promote positive associations, and are adaptable to facilitate independence and accommodate change as people age.
THE EVOLUTION OF INFLORESCENCE SIZE IN ASCLEPIAS (ASCLEPIADACEAE)

A major feature of floral display in many species is the aggregation of individual flowers into inflorescences. Inflorescences containing different numbers of flowers are likely to be differentially successful as pollen donors and receivers, and thus inflorescence size may influence the fitness of the plant on which an inflorescence is borne. We begin with the premise that inflorescence size is fundamentally an evolved trait and attempt to show or suggest some of the selection pressures and environmental limitations that may influence inflorescence size. In particular, this study centers on three sources of reproductive failure: failure of pod initiation, failure of fruit maturation, and failure to donate pollen. We emphasize intraspecific comparisons, in view of our interest in possible adaptive consequences. Our interest in the question of the evolution of inflorescence (umbel) size in Asclepias was sparked by the general observation that the number of fruits matured per inflorescence was commonly far smaller than the number of flowers in the inflorescence, and often much smaller than the number of young pods initiated (see also Woodson, 1941; Stevens, 1945; Moore, 1946, 1947; Sparrow and Pearson, 1948; Stebbins, 1951). We then asked what might be the adaptive value of producing so many flowers with such a low probability of producing seeds.
Trustware: A Device-based Protocol for Verifying Client Legitimacy

Online services commonly attempt to verify the legitimacy of users with CAPTCHAs. However, CAPTCHAs are annoying for users, often difficult for users to solve, and can be defeated using cheap labor or, increasingly, with improved algorithms. We propose a new protocol for clients to prove their legitimacy, allowing the client's devices to vouch for the client. The client's devices, and those in close proximity, provide a one-time passcode that is verified by the device manufacturer. This verification proves that the client has physical access to expensive and trusted devices, vouching for the client's legitimacy.
The Association of Psychological Factors, Physical Activity, Neuropathy, and Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of sociodemographics; diabetes-related factors, including diabetes-related microvascular complications; cardiac risk factors; and psychological factors with quality of life (QOL). Participants enrolled at three sites in the Detection of Ischemia in Asymptomatic Diabetics (DIAD) study were invited to participate in this ancillary study. Questionnaires assessing psychological factors were completed by participants, and the remainder of the data was obtained as part of the DIAD study. Many participants had elevated levels of anxiety (n = 91; 82%), depressive symptoms (n = 16; 14%), anger (n = 38; 34%), and hostility (n = 17; 17%). Results of multivariate analyses conducted for each of the eight domains on the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 and two Diabetes Quality of Life domains demonstrated that in the majority of models (42% to 68% of the variance explained), female sex, peripheral or autonomic neuropathy, physical inactivity, higher body mass index, and the presence of depressive symptoms and anxiety were associated with poorer QOL (p = .0001). These findings demonstrate that anxiety, depressive symptoms, and neuropathy are prevalent in older adults with type 2 diabetes. In addition, potentially important correlations were demonstrated between psychological factors, neuropathy, body mass index, and physical inactivity.
The Catalytic and Non-catalytic Functions of the Brahma Chromatin-Remodeling Protein Collaborate to Fine-Tune Circadian Transcription in Drosophila

Daily rhythms in gene expression play a critical role in the progression of circadian clocks, and are under regulation by transcription factor binding, histone modifications, RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) recruitment and elongation, and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Although previous studies have shown that clock-controlled genes exhibit rhythmic chromatin modifications, less is known about the functions performed by chromatin remodelers in animal clockwork. Here we have identified the Brahma (Brm) complex as a regulator of the Drosophila clock. In Drosophila, CLOCK (CLK) is the master transcriptional activator driving cyclical gene expression by participating in an auto-inhibitory feedback loop that involves stimulating the expression of the main negative regulators, period (per) and timeless (tim). BRM functions catalytically to increase nucleosome density at the promoters of per and tim, creating an overall restrictive chromatin landscape to limit transcriptional output during the active phase of cycling gene expression. In addition, the non-catalytic function of BRM regulates the level and binding of CLK to target promoters and maintains transient RNAPII stalling at the per promoter, likely by recruiting repressive and pausing factors. By disentangling its catalytic versus non-catalytic functions at the promoters of CLK target genes, we uncovered a multi-leveled mechanism in which BRM fine-tunes circadian transcription.
Hand hygiene knowledge and practice among university students: evidence from Private Universities of Bangladesh

Hand hygiene has achieved the reputation of being a convenient means of preventing communicable diseases. Although causal links between hand hygiene and rates of infectious disease have also been established earlier, studies focusing on hand hygiene among university-going students are not adequate in number. This study evaluated handwashing knowledge, practice, and other related factors among the selected university students in the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 undergraduate students from four selected universities. A pretested, semistructured questionnaire, that included a checklist associated with handwashing practice, was applied to capture all relevant data. The mean (± SD) age of the participants was 20.4 (±1.8) years. The majority of the students washed their hands with water, but only 22.5% washed their hands effectively by maintaining the correct steps and frequency of handwashing with water, and soap or hand sanitizer. The mean (± SD) score of the participants’ hand hygiene practice was 50.81 (±4.79), while the total score with all perfect answers was considered as 66. Regression coefficient demonstrated that age has a negative influence on hand hygiene practice, as older students have lower scores compared to the younger ones (P<0.01). However, the unmarried students were a significant predictor for influencing the incensement of handwashing practice compared to the married ones (P<0.01). Findings of this study designate widespread insufficient hand hygiene practice in the university-going students and indicate a need for an extensive public health education program on this topic. Furthermore, availability of soap and sufficient water supply is needed within the university setting to facilitate handwashing. Therefore, supporting quantity and quality of available campus-based public health education programs along with providing health-washing equipment is suggested.
A Data-Oriented Model of Literary Language

We consider the task of predicting how literary a text is, with a gold standard from human ratings. Aside from a standard bigram baseline, we apply rich syntactic tree fragments, mined from the training set, and a series of hand-picked features. Our model is the first to distinguish degrees of highly and less literary novels using a variety of lexical and syntactic features, and explains 76.0 % of the variation in literary ratings.
Dynamic trajectory planning with dynamic constraints: A 'state-time space' approach

This paper address dynamic trajectory planning, which is defined as trajectory planning for a robot subject to dynamic constraints and moving in a dynamic workspace, i.e., with moving obstacles. The authors propose the concept of state-time space as a tool to formulate dynamic trajectory planning problems. The state-time space of a robot is its state space augmented by the time dimension. The constraints imposed by both the moving obstacles and the dynamic constraints can be represented by static forbidden regions of state-time space. Since a trajectory maps to a curve in state-time space, dynamic trajectory planning simply consists in finding a curve in state-time space. This concept is used to determine a time-optimal trajectory for a car-like robot subject to dynamic constraints and moving along a given path on a dynamic planar workspace.
Proposal : Gait Synthesis with Spacetime Optimization

The current state of computer animation shows that the automatic synthesis of physically realistic motion is an extremely difficult problem. Despite several diverse approaches to this problem, such as inverse dynamics and forward simulation, character animation is still almost always created by hand or, less commonly, through motion capture. Within the last decade, spacetime optimization has arisen as an alternate tool for the creation of physically realistic characters animation. While offering many advantages over other synthesis methods, spacetime optimization has not yet been applied to problems of interesting size. This difficulty lies primarily in the mathematical methods currently used to solve the optimization problem that the spacetime formulation presents. In my thesis, I propose to explore a set of spacetime optimization problems and to develop a better method of solving these problems than is offered by the current literature. The set of problems I will investigate is that of the synthesis of legged locomotion for a single walk-cycle on level, obstacle-free terrain. The first part of this thesis will involve exploring the field of optimization for a method which performs better than the state of the art. This gain may either be in the form of an improved numerical method or a heuristic, specific to the domain of legged locomotion, that provides better initial guesses at the solution and hence faster convergence. The second part of my thesis will involve applying this improved optimization technique to the problem of gait synthesis. 1 Problem Definition Despite the often striking visual differences between computer animation and traditional “pen and ink” animation, their underlying techniques of character1 animation remain fundamentally the same. In both mediums, the vast majority of this work is 1“Character” in this paper is a general term used to refer to any active object that is being animated. A “character” therefore can be a literal human character, an animal, a machine, or any other complex, dynamic entity.
Public Information and Field Theory

Public information, dispensed by government and other social groups, has become an increasingly vital aspect of politics. In this article, we examine the prevailing views of public information that depict it either as an enlightenment process for citizens or as a government strategy to persuade the public that government policies are sound and deserve support. Because we find these views flawed in major ways, we develop and explain a different theoretical perspective based on a merger and reworking of Stuart Hall s "encoding/decoding model" and Pierre Bourdieu s "field theory. " The new approach looks beyond the flow of messages from senders to receivers to the social and political context in which the exchange takes place. Unlike other approaches, it does not exaggerate the significance of public information messages. We illustrate the merits of our perspective with examples drawn from public information about employment opportunities for ethnic minorities in the Netherlands.
Harm on an Innocent Outsider as a Lubricant of Cooperation An Experiment

If two players of a simultaneous symmetric one-shot prisoner’s dilemma hold standard preferences, the fact that choosing the cooperative move imposes harm on a passive outsider is immaterial. Yet if participants hold social preferences, one might think that they are reticent to impose harm on the outsider. This is not what we find, however severe the externality. A within-subjects measure of reticence to impose harm does not explain cooperation. But the externality makes participants more pessimistic. However conditional on their beliefs participants are more, not less cooperative if cooperation entails harm on an outsider, again however severe the externality. JEL: C72, C91, D03, H23
Psychological Vulnerability and Substance Abuse as Predictors of Suicide Ideation among Adolescents

A stress-vulnerability model of suicidal behavior among college students was proposed by Bonner and Rich [1, 2]. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate and extend this model using a younger adolescent (i.e., high school) sample. A total of 613 students (328 females and 285 males) completed the self-report measures of life stress, depression, hopelessness, reasons for living, loneliness, alcohol and drug use, and suicidal ideation. These factors served as predictor variables in stepwise multiple regressions with suicidal ideation serving as the criterion variable. Four variables emerged as significant predictors of suicidal ideation: depression, hopelessness, few reasons for living, and problem substance use. The linear combination of these variables accounted for 52 percent of the variance in suicide ideation scores. The substance abuse variable accounted for variance in ideation scores independent of the other factors.
Effectiveness of Training Parents to Teach Joint Attention in Children With Autism

Young children with autism have deficits in initiating and responding to joint attention bids. This study was designed to examine a parent-implemented intervention targeting joint attention responding in children with autism. Parents were trained to increase their joint attention bids using behavior analytic techniques to facilitate appropriate responding. Parents effectively employed joint attention intervention techniques. As parent joint attention bids increased, children's responses increased. Children's joint attention initiations also increased, even though they were not direct targets of intervention. Findings suggest that parent behaviors during and after intervention impact generalization and maintenance of behavior changes. Implications for practice and future investigations are discussed.
The Multiple-Category Problem: Category Activation and Inhibition in the Hiring Process

Research has demonstrated that organizational decision makers use categories and associated stereotypes to make hiring decisions. But what happens when a job applicant can be categorized in multiple ways? We use the social cognition literature to develop a model of category activation and inhibition in the hiring process. The model explains how situational and individual-difference variables influence which category will dominate the decision maker's impression of the job candidate and exert the greatest influence on the hiring decision.
Voltage balancing in DC link capacitor for seven level cascaded multilevel inverter

Multilevel inverters enables implementation of high-power-medium-voltage applications using smaller rated devices resulting to cheaper and compact design. Currently, researchers are interested in developing distributed generation (DG) with multilevel topology that produces not just active power demands, but also incorporated with custom power capabilities for power quality improvement. However, multilevel inverters are susceptive to voltage unbalance at the DC link capacitor which affects the output voltages. For this reason, a voltage balancing method is presented for a seven level cascaded multilevel inverter using phase-shifted carrier PWM (PSCPWM). This method is base on modifying the switching state without any external circuit.