Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Insights into the Role of the Locus Coeruleus-Noradrenergic System in Memory and Perception Dysfunction

From an evolutionary perspective, perception and memory are fundamental capacities of living beings providing adaptive behavior that is necessary for survival in ever-changing environment. Conscious and unconscious perception is generated by the interaction between many brain regions following the transduction of sensory stimuli. Sensory processing leads to cortical integration of the sensory impressions that are eventually converted to memory representations; the efficiency of sensory integration and memory retrieval underlies adaptive behavior. Everyday activities as simple as, for example, drinking water could be differentially perceived depending on an individual’s emotional and arousal state. The contextual, environmental, and emotional importance of the perceived stimuli determines if the subjective experiences are subsequently remembered. The locus coeruleus (LC) is the small nucleus in the dorsal pons comprising the main source of noradrenaline (NA) in the forebrain via its diffuse projections [1]. The LC’s noradrenergic neurons are activated to aversive, rewarding, or other salient stimuli, as well as during transition from sleep to wakefulness [2–4]. Following LC activation, NA is simultaneously released from the LC terminals in the multiple brain regions [1, 5] and facilitates both local and long-range network processing as well as the experience-triggered synaptic plasticity [6–8]. In general, cognitive flexibility and adaptive behavior greatly benefit from the fact that sensory experiences, once generated by a sensory-driven network, are consequently stored within a memory supporting network with the hippocampal formation as a key element. Moreover, sensory representations are integrated with the contextual and emotional information and the retrieval of these stored associations facilitates behavioral response selection. Both the perception and the memory of events are modulated by activation of adrenoreceptors. The LC contributes to the manifold of mechanisms underlying perception and experience-induced plasticity by NA-dependent regulation of the neuronal excitability or alteration of the signal to noise ratio [6, 7, 9]. In this synopsis of the special issue, we initially focus on the role of LC for declarativememory that comprises memory about events (episodic memory) or facts (semantic memory) and mainly relies on the hippocampal formation [10]. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that a high-frequency microstimulation of the LC facilitates cellular processes related to memory formation such as synaptic long-term depression and/or potentiation in the hippocampus [11, 12]. Besides, the activation of the LC-NA system is known to facilitate memory retrieval [13] and seems to be involved in memory persistence [14]. We thus asked the following.
CNC Wire-Cut Parameter Optimized Determination of the Stair Shape Workpiece

The objective of this research is parameters optimized of the stair shape workpiece which is cut by CNC Wire-Cut EDM (WEDW). The experiment material is SKD-11 steel of stair-shaped with variable height workpiece 10, 20, 30 and 40 mm. with the same 10 mm. thickness are cut by Sodick's CNC Wire-Cut EDM model AD325L. The experiments are designed by 3 full factorial experimental design at 3 level 2 factors and 9 experiments with 2 replicate. The selected two factor are servo voltage (SV) and servo feed rate (SF) and the response is cutting thickness error. The experiment is divided in two experiments. The first experiment determines the significant effective factor at confidential interval 95%. The SV factor is the significant effective factor from first result. In order to result smallest cutting thickness error of workpieces is 17 micron with the SV value is 46 volt. Also show that the lower SV value, the smaller different thickness error of workpiece. Then the second experiment is done to reduce different cutting thickness error of workpiece as small as possible by lower SV. The second experiment result show the significant effective factor at confidential interval 95% is the SV factor and the smallest cutting thickness error of workpieces reduce to 11 micron with the experiment SV value is 36 volt. Keywords—CNC Wire-Cut, Variable Thickness Workpiece, Design of Experiments, Full Factorial Design
Quakequiz: a case study on deploying a playful display application in a museum context

In this paper, we present a case study in which we designed and implemented an interactive museum exhibit. In particular, we extended a section of the museum with an interactive quiz game. The project is an example of an opportunistic deployment where the needs of different stakeholders (museum administration, visitors, researchers) and the properties of the space needed to be considered. It is also an example of how we can apply knowledge on methodology and audience behavior collected over the past years by the research community. At the focus of this paper is (1) the design and concept phase that led to the initial idea for the exhibit, (2) the implementation phase, (3) a roll-out and early insights phase where we tested and refined the application in an iterative design process on-site, and (4) the final deployment as a permanent exhibit of the museum. We hope our report to be useful for researchers and practitioners designing systems for similar contexts.
Periodic harvesting of embryonic stem cells from a hollow‐fiber membrane based four‐compartment bioreactor

Different types of stem cells have been investigated for applications in drug screening and toxicity testing. In order to provide sufficient numbers of cells for such in vitro applications a scale‐up of stem cell culture is necessary. Bioreactors for dynamic three‐dimensional (3D) culture of growing cells offer the option for culturing large amounts of stem cells at high densities in a closed system. We describe a method for periodic harvesting of pluripotent stem cells (PSC) during expansion in a perfused 3D hollow‐fiber membrane bioreactor, using mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) as a model cell line. A number of 100 × 106 mESC were seeded in bioreactors in the presence of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) as feeder cells. Over a cultivation interval of nine days cells were harvested by trypsin perfusion and mechanical agitation every second to third culture day. A mean of 380 × 106 mESC could be removed with every harvest. Subsequent to harvesting, cells continued growing in the bioreactor, as determined by increasing glucose consumption and lactate production. Immunocytochemical staining and mRNA expression analysis of markers for pluripotency and the three germ layers showed a similar expression of most markers in the harvested cells and in mESC control cultures. In conclusion, successful expansion and harvesting of viable mESC from bioreactor cultures with preservation of sterility was shown. The present study is the first one showing the feasibility of periodic harvesting of adherent cells from a continuously perfused four‐compartment bioreactor including further cultivation of remaining cells. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 32:141–151, 2016
Dopaminergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia 1

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia has been the dominant theoretical construction guiding research and treatment of the schizophrenic disorders over the past generation. This hypothesis, in its simplest guise, posits the presence of a functional alteration in central dopaminergic systems in the brains of schizophrenic patients. Recent findings have resulted in a greater understanding of the complexity of the central dopaminergic systems and have led to revisions of the hypothesis of a simple functional hyperactivity of central dopaminergic systems. These recent data suggest that there may be regionally restricted changes in the function of the mesotclencephalic dopamine system, and that these changes may be in opposite directions. Such changes may be associated with dysfunctions of interactions between distinct dopaminergic terminal field regions, and may be subserved by functional derangements in other transmitter systems or reflect regionally restricted changes in expression or function of distinct dopamine receptors or catecholamine synthetic enzymes, A recent FASEB symposium reviewed new advances in molecular biology, biochemistry, pharmacology, anatomy, and systems neuroscience as they relate to schizophrenia, and discussed the implications of these data for guiding future research and treatment strategies. —Goldstein, M. ; Deutch, A. Y. Dopaminergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. FASEB J. 6: 2413‐2421; 1992.
Statistical modeling of a former Arctic Ocean ice shelf complex using Antarctic analogies

Geophysical mapping and coring of the central Arctic Ocean seafloor provide evidence for repeated occurrences of ice sheet/ice shelf complexes during previous glacial periods. Several ridges and bathymetric highs shallower than present water depths of ∼1000m show signs of erosion from deep‐drafting (armadas of) icebergs, which originated from thick outlet glaciers and ice shelves. Mapped glacigenic landforms and dates of cored sediments suggest that the largest ice shelf complex was confined to the Amerasian sector of the Arctic Ocean during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6. However, the spatial extent of ice shelves can not be well reconstructed from occasional groundings on bathymetric highs. Therefore, we apply a statistical approach to provide independent support for an extensive MIS 6 ice shelf complex, which previously was inferred only from interpretation of geophysical and geological data. Specifically, we assess whether this ice shelf complex comprises a likely source of the deep‐draft icebergs responsible for the mapped scour marks. The statistical modeling is based on exploiting relations between contemporary Antarctic ice shelves and their local physical environments and the assumption that Arctic Ocean MIS6 ice shelves scale similarly. Analyzing ice thickness data along the calving front of contemporary ice shelves, a peak over threshold method is applied to determine sources of deep‐drafting icebergs in the Arctic Ocean MIS6 ice shelf complex. This approach is novel to modeling Arctic paleoglacial configurations. Predicted extreme calving front drafts match observed deep‐draft iceberg scours if the ice shelf complex is sufficiently large.
Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Diagnosis of Bacterial Gastroenteritis

SUMMARY Bacterial gastroenteritis is a disease that is pervasive in both the developing and developed worlds. While for the most part bacterial gastroenteritis is self-limiting, identification of an etiological agent by bacterial stool culture is required for the management of patients with severe or prolonged diarrhea, symptoms consistent with invasive disease, or a history that may predict a complicated course of disease. Importantly, characterization of bacterial enteropathogens from stool cultures in clinical laboratories is one of the primary means by which public health officials identify and track outbreaks of bacterial gastroenteritis. This article provides guidance for clinical microbiology laboratories that perform stool cultures. The general characteristics, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of key bacterial enteropathogens are summarized. Information regarding optimal specimen collection, transport, and processing and current diagnostic tests and testing algorithms is provided. This article is an update of Cumitech 12A (P. H. Gilligan, J. M. Janda, M. A. Karmali, and J. M. Miller, Cumitech 12A, Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial diarrhea, 1992).
Immediate efficacy of diode laser application in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity in periodontal maintenance patients: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND To evaluate the immediate efficacy in the reduction of dentine hypersensitivity (DH) when applying an 810 nm diode laser (DL), and a 10% potassium nitrate bioadhesive gel (NK10%). MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-five consecutive periodontal maintenance patients of both sexes, with a DH >or= 2 on the verbal rating scale (VRS) in one or more teeth, were randomly allocated into three equal groups: 15 patients received DL and placebo gel; 15 patients were tested with a placebo laser and NK10%; and the remaining 15 received a placebo laser and placebo gel. The DH was evaluated at the start of the study, 15 and 30 min. after the laser application, and on days 2, 4, 7, 14, 30 and 60 by a blind examiner. RESULTS After 15 min., observations showed a reduction in DH after an evaporative stimulus (ES) of 36.9% (0.86), three times greater than that of the control group (0.23) (p=0.008). After 14 days, this effect was even greater [DL 71.7% (1.67)/NK10% 36.3% (1.73)/control 28.1% (0.73); p=0.004], and lasted until day 60 [65.7% (1.53)/30.4% (0.73)/25.8% (0.67); p=0.01]. CONCLUSIONS The DL and NK10% gel were proven effective in the treatment of DH. A significantly greater immediate response was observed with DL.
Distribution and abundance of Antarctic minke whales in sea ice regions of East Antarctica : a summary of results

The Australian Government supported aerial surveys over sea ice covered regions of East Antarctica with the aim to begin to estimate the proportion of Antarctic minke whales not accessible to sighting surveys in open water. The aerial surveys were undertaken in the austral summers of 2008/09 and 2009/10. Our aerial survey programme is the first systematic survey of distribution and abundance of Antarctic minke whales in sea ice, both within and between summer seasons. During these surveys, around 15 000 km of effort was achieved across 20o of longitude (93-110o E), yielding 65 sightings of minke whales (94 individuals). We produced model-based estimates of uncorrected abundances and densities (uncorrected for availability bias) within sea ice between 93-110oE, and we present discussion on the range of corrected estimates possible given our current lack of data on availability bias for Antarctic minke whales in sea ice regions. Using ‘pro rated’ abundances from IDCR/SOWER, leveraged on simple estimates of encounter rate, there is some evidence that between 10 and 50% the minke population may have been within ice over those longitudes 93-113oE during the 2009/10 summer. So we can conclude that the proportion of minke whales in ice regions is probably considerable, and will be an influence on biases on abundance estimates for open water regions. There is a clear need for more research to estimate availability bias in Antarctic minke whales.
Trimmed Density Ratio Estimation

Density ratio estimation is a vital tool in both machine learning and statistical community. However, due to the unbounded nature of density ratio, the estimation proceudre can be vulnerable to corrupted data points, which often pushes the estimated ratio toward infinity. In this paper, we present a robust estimator which automatically identifies and trims outliers. The proposed estimator has a convex formulation, and the global optimum can be obtained via subgradient descent. We analyze the parameter estimation error of this estimator under high-dimensional settings. Experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the estimator.
Characterization of Two New Records of Zygomycete Species Belonging to Undiscovered Taxa in Korea

Abstract During a biodiversity survey of undiscovered taxa in Korea, two zygomycetous fungal strains were isolated. The first strain, EML-FSDY6-1 was isolated from a soil sample collected at Dokdo Island in the East Sea of Korea in 2013, and the second strain, EML-DG-NH3-1 was isolated from a rat dung sample collected at Chonnam National University garden, Gwangju, Korea in 2014. Based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer, 18S and 28S rDNA, actin and translation elongation factor-1α genes. EML-FSDY6-1 and EML-DG-NH3-1 isolates were confirmed as zygomycete species, Absidia pseudocylindrospora and Absidia glauca, respectively. Neither species has previously been described in Korea.
Extraction automatique d'information : Du texte brut au web sémantique

Les entreprises et les particuliers sont confrontes a une masse d'information sans cesse croissante. Partant de ce constat, de nombreux systemes ont ete concus pour filtrer, trier et categoriser l'information. L'offre est en revanche beaucoup plus faible en ce qui concerne l'analyse du contenu. Extraction automatique d'information - du texte brut au web semantique presente les progres recents en extraction d'information et en comprehension de textes. Les recherches effectuees ces dernieres annees dans le domaine du traitement automatique des langues rendent en effet possible l'annotation semantique de documents, l'extraction d'information pertinente et la creation de bases de connaissances structurees a partir de textes en langage naturel. L'ouvrage rappelle les grands courants de recherche qui ont marque le domaine de la comprehension automatique de textes par ordinateur. Il se poursuit par la presentation detaillee d'un systeme appele SEMTEX, qui est applique a une grande variete de textes et de situations differentes. Les applications detaillees donnent des perspectives sur le web semantique et l'ingenierie des connaissances.
Combination of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-guided Neuronavigation and Intraoperative Cortical Brain Mapping Improves Targeting of Motor Cortex Stimulation in Neuropathic Pain

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, regardless of the clinical results, the contribution of combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with intraoperative cortical brain mapping (iCM) as functional targeting methods for epidural chronic motor cortex stimulation (MCS) in refractory neuropathic pain. METHODS: Eighteen neuropathic pain patients (central stroke in six; trigeminal neuropathy in six; syrinx or amputation in six) who underwent operations for epidural MCS were studied with preoperative fMRI and iCM. fMRI investigated motor tasks of hands (as well as foot and tongue, when painful). fMRI data were analyzed with Statistical Parametric Mapping99 software (University College London, London, England; initial analysis threshold corresponding to P < 0.001), registered in a neuronavigation system, and correlated during surgery with iCM. The primary aim of this study was to improve the topographical precision of MCS. Matching of fMRI and iCM specifically was examined. RESULTS: Correspondence between the contour of the fMRI activation area and iCM in precentral gyrus (mean distance, 3.8 mm) was found in 17 (94%) of 18 patients. Eleven of them showed correspondence for more restrictive values of the analysis threshold (P < 0.0001); in six patients, the quality of the iCM was reduced by somatosensory wave attenuation and general anesthesia. In this group of six patients, a combination of both techniques was used for the final targeting. Correspondence was not found in one patient as the result of image distortion and residual motion artifact. At follow-up (4–60 mo), MCS induced significant pain relief in a total of 11 patients (61%). CONCLUSION: This study confirms the functional accuracy of fMRI guidance in neuropathic pain and illustrates the usefulness of combining fMRI guidance with iCM to improve the functional targeting in MCS. Because appropriate targeting is crucial to obtaining pain relief, this combination may increase the analgesic efficacy of MCS.
DARPA ? ? ? s OrbitOutlook aims to augment the performance of the Space Surveillance Network ? ? ?

DARPA’s OrbitOutlook aims to augment the performance of the Space Surveillance Network’s Space Situational Awareness (SSA) by adding more data more often from more diverse sources to increase Space Domain Awareness (SDA) and determine when satellites are at risk. OrbitOutlook also seeks to demonstrate the ability to rapidly include new instruments to alert for indications and warnings of space events. [1] In order to accomplish this, an underlying framework to process sensor data and provide useful products, such as angles-only measurements, is required. While existing optical signal processing implementations are capable of converting raw sensor data to angles-only measurements, they may be difficult to customize, obtain, and deploy on low-cost demonstration programs. The Ground Optical Signal Processing Architecture (GOSPA) (inexpensive, easy to customize, obtain, and deploy) can ingest raw imagery and telemetry from a space-based optical sensor and perform a background subtraction process to remove anomalous pixels, interpolate over bad pixels, and dominant temporal noise. Streak end points and target centroids are located using the AFRL Generalized Electro-Optical Detection, Tracking, ID, and Characterization Application (GEODETICA); an image data reduction pipeline for ground and space-based SSA. These identified streak locations are fused with the corresponding telemetry to determine the Right Ascension and Declination (RA/DEC) measurements. The measurements are processed through the AFRL Constrained Admissible Region Multiple Hypothesis Filter (CAR-MHF) to determine its initial orbit (IOD). GOSPA performance is demonstrated using non-rate tracking collections against a satellite in GEO, simulated from a visible optical imaging sensor in a polar LEO. Stars, noise and bad pixels are simulated based on look angles and sensor parameters. Under this scenario, GOSPA generated an IOD with absolute position/velocity errors of less than 2.5 km and 0.3 m/s using sensor RA/DEC RSS pointing uncertainties as large as 70.7 arcsec. This demonstrates the capability for GOSPA to support contributing SSA space-based optical sensors under OrbitOutlook and subsequently provide useful data back to space command and control.
The surgical approach to HCC: Our progress and results in Japan

Due to the prevalence of hepatitis virus infection, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is very high in Japan. Many techniques have been devised by Japanese surgeons to reduce the mortality rate after hepatectomy for HCC: preoperative precise evaluation of hepatic functional reserve, portal venous embolization as preoperative preparation, anatomical and nonanatomical limited resections using intraoperative ultrasonography, and intermittent inflow occlusion during liver transection. Several challenging surgical procedures are also being tried for advanced HCC: HCC with portal and hepatic venous tumor thrombus, multiple and/or recurrent HCC, and HCC in the caudate lobe. As a result, the latest national survey of HCC revealed that operative mortality was 0.9% and the 5‐year survival rate after surgery was 52%. Living‐donor liver transplantation for adult patients with HCC is another surgical treatment developed in Japan. After the success of adult‐to‐adult living donor liver transplant using a left liver graft in 1993, a right liver graft, a left liver graft with caudate lobe, and a right lateral sector graft were developed. Indications for reconstructing the middle hepatic vein tributaries in right liver grafts were also proposed. Consequently, in our series of 36 patients with HCC who underwent living‐donor liver transplantation, operative mortality was 3%, and the 2‐year survival rate was 84%. (Liver Transpl 2004;10:S46–S52.)
Enhanced Activity of Au/NiO Nanohybrids for the Reductive Amination of Benzyl Alcohol

Gold nanoparticles were prepared by sol immobilization (AuSI) or deposition precipitation (AuDP), then deposited on NiO and commercial TiO2 (P25). The Au/NiO catalysts showed higher activity and yield to the secondary amine, compared to Au/TiO2 catalysts, when tested for the reductive amination of benzyl alcohol with isopropylamine. We attribute this result to a synergistic effect between Au and NiO. Moreover, as a result of the protective effect of the polyvinyl alcohol used in the sol immobilization synthesis, the gold nanoparticles on NiO demonstrate an increased resistance to structural changes during the reaction. This effect results in enhanced catalytic efficiency in terms of activity, and better stability against deactivation.