Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Portable Chest Radiographs in the Intensive Care Units: Referral Patterns and Estimated Cumulative Radiation Exposures

The objective of this article was to determine the frequency of referrals for portable chest radiographs from medical and (noncardiac) surgical intensive care units (NICU and SICU) and their respective stepdown units (NICA and SICA). Additionally, the cumulative entrance skin exposure (ESE) using an ion chamber was determined. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all adult patients admitted to the MICU, SICU, MICA, and SICA at a tertiary referral center during a 6-month interval. The duration of stay and the number of portable chest radiographs were determined for each patient. The measured ESEs from all portable radiography units ranged from 5 to15 mR (average: 10mR). The cumulative radiation exposure for each patient was calculated. There were 567 patients admitted to the units: 146 surgical and 421 medical. Their ages ranged from 15 to 87 years. The duration of stay varied from 1 to 68 days. A total of 3,794 portable chest radiographs were obtained. The number of radiographs per patient varied from 1 to 94. The number of radiographs and the corresponding cumulative radiation doses were as follows: 406 patients (72%) had fewer than five radiographs (<50 mR); 76 (13%) had five to 10 radiographs (<100 mR); 35 (6%) had 11 to 20 (<200 mR); and 50 (9%) had more than 20 chest radiographs (>200 mR). The cumulative ESE ranged from 10 to 940 mR. It exceeded 450 mR in only nine (1.5%) patients. Most (73%) patients undergoing intensive care undergo fewer than five radiographs during their stay in the units. Patient exposure from portable chest radiographs in this population is less than the average annual exposure from background radiation in the USA (450–500 mR), and is much less than the average annual exposure from teratogenic radiation.
Pairings on hyperelliptic curves

We assemble and reorganize the recent work in the area of hyperelliptic pairings: We survey the research on constructing hyperelliptic curves suitable for pairing-based cryptography. We also showcase the hyperelliptic pairings proposed to date, and develop a unifying framework. We discuss the techniques used to optimize the pairing computation on hyperelliptic curves, and present many directions for further research.
Multi-level omics analysis in a murine model of dystrophin loss and therapeutic restoration

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a classical monogenic disorder, a model disease for genomic studies and a priority candidate for regenerative medicine and gene therapy. Although the genetic cause of DMD is well known, the molecular pathogenesis of disease and the response to therapy are incompletely understood. Here, we describe analyses of protein, mRNA and microRNA expression in the tibialis anterior of the mdx mouse model of DMD. Notably, 3272 proteins were quantifiable and 525 identified as differentially expressed in mdx muscle (P < 0.01). Therapeutic restoration of dystrophin by exon skipping induced widespread shifts in protein and mRNA expression towards wild-type expression levels, whereas the miRNome was largely unaffected. Comparison analyses between datasets showed that protein and mRNA ratios were only weakly correlated (r = 0.405), and identified a multitude of differentially affected cellular pathways, upstream regulators and predicted miRNA–target interactions. This study provides fundamental new insights into gene expression and regulation in dystrophic muscle.
Gender, Sex-Role Identity and Avoidance-Confrontation of Existential Issues for Psychiatric Inpatients

Viewing at least the beginnings of personality development beyond culturally stereotypic sex-roles as theoretically related to the openness to confront existential issues in general, the confrontation-avoidance of existential issues for 32 male and 32 female psychiatric inpatients was investigated. Subjects were grouped for analysis of variance by gender and by median splits of Bern Sex-role Inventory scores for masculinity and femininity. Although both male and female stereotypic sex-role groups evidenced the greatest avoidance of existential issues, the only statistically significant trend was found for the interaction of gender by masculinity which was attributable to the endorsement of masculine adjectives by females being associated with the most existential confrontation. Discussed in view of Bern's similar findings regarding flexibility and females' scores for masculine adjective endorsement, the results were viewed as supporting our model for female patients but not for males.
Network capacity enhancement of OFDMA system using self-organized femtocell off-load

As plug-and-play devices, femtocells are expected to be self-managed, empowered by self-organization functionalities. This paper presents a Self-organizing networks (SON) process for off-loading macrocell traffic towards Open Subscriber Group (OSG) femtocells. The off-loading process comprises two SON functionalities: the first configures the femtocell transmitted pilot power, which depends on the received macrocell pilot power and the density of femtocells. The femtocell pilot powers are chosen using a look-up table generated through an off-line queuing theory based analysis. To mitigate interference from femtocells with different transmission powers, a self-optimizing Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) functionality is activated. The performance gain of the self-organizing mechanisms is evaluated using a large scale network simulator. It is shown that in dense femtocell deployment, the SON off-loading can bring about considerable capacity gain.
Competitive routing in networks with polynomial cost

We study a class of noncooperative general topology networks shared by N users. Each user has a given flow which it has to ship from a source to a destination. We consider a class of polynomial link cost functions, adopted originally in the context of road traffic modeling, and show that these costs have appealing properties that lead to predictable and efficient network flows. In particular, we show that the Nash equilibrium is unique, and is moreover efficient, i.e., it coincides with the solution of a corresponding global optimization problem with a single user. These properties make the cost structure attractive for traffic regulation and link pricing in telecommunication networks. We finally discuss the computation of the equilibrium in the special case of the affine cost structure for a topology of parallel links.
Web-Based Benchmark for Keystroke Dynamics Biometric Systems: A Statistical Analysis

Most keystroke dynamics studies have been evaluated using a specific kind of dataset in which users type an imposed login and password. Moreover, these studies are optimistics since most of them use different acquisition protocols, private datasets, controlled environment, etc. In order to enhance the accuracy of keystroke dynamics' performance, the main contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we provide a new kind of dataset in which users have typed both an imposed and a chosen pairs of logins and passwords. In addition, the keystroke dynamics samples are collected in a web-based uncontrolled environment (OS, keyboards, browser, etc.). Such kind of dataset is important since it provides us more realistic results of keystroke dynamics' performance in comparison to the literature (controlled environment, etc.). Second, we present a statistical analysis of well known assertions such as the relationship between performance and password size, impact of fusion schemes on system overall performance, and others such as the relationship between performance and entropy. We put into obviousness in this paper some new results on keystroke dynamics in realistic conditions.
Excitotoxic and metabolic damage to the rodent striatum: Role of the P75 neurotrophin receptor and glial progenitors

After injury, the striatum displays several morphologic responses that may play a role in both regenerative and degenerative events. One such response is the de novo expression of the low‐affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), a gene that plays critical roles in central nervous system (CNS) cell death pathways. The present series of experiments sought to elucidate the cellular origins of this p75NTR response, to define the conditions under which p75NTR is expressed after striatal injury, and how this receptor expression is associated with neuronal plasticity. After chemical lesions, by using either the excitotoxin quinolinic acid (QA) or the complex II mitochondria inhibitor 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NP), we compared the expression of the p75NTR receptor within the rat striatum at different survival times. Intrastriatal administration of QA between 7 days and 21 days postlesion induced p75NTR expression in astrocytes that was preferentially distributed throughout the lesion core. P75NTR immunoreactivity within astrocytes was seen at high (100–220 nmol) but not low (50 nmol) QA doses. Seven and 21 days after 3‐NP lesions, p75NTR expression was present in astrocytes at all doses tested (100–1,000 nmol). However, in contrast to QA, these cells were located primarily around the periphery of the lesion and not within the lesion core. At the light microscopic level p75NTR immunoreactive elements resembled vasculature: but did not colocalize with the pan endothelium cell marker RecA‐1. In contrast, p75NTR‐containing astrocytes colocalized with nestin, vimentin, and 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine, indicating that these cells are newly born astrocytes. Additionally, striatal cholinergic neurons were distributed around the lesion core expressed p75NTR 3–5 days after lesion in both QA and 3‐NP lesions. These cells did not coexpress the pro‐apoptotic degradation enzyme caspase‐3. Taken together, these data indicate that striatal lesions created by means of excitotoxic or metabolic mechanisms trigger the expression of p75NTR in structures related to progenitor cells. The expression of the p75NTR receptor after these chemical lesions support the concept that this receptor plays a role in the initiation of endogenous cellular events associated with CNS injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 444:291–305, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frameworks: putting design patterns into perspective

Design patterns have made a strong impact on how object-oriented software is designed, implemented, and communicated in industrial projects. Teaching patterns is therefore of great importance. Patterns, however, have a natural catalogue-like nature, that easily misleads us into to lecturing them one at a time. This leaves an impression of patterns as isolated solutions to independent problems. We present our experience with trying to counteract this problem by using a well-engineered framework, JHotDraw, as a case study in how patterns work together to define a flexible and compositional software system of high quality.
Generating dance verbs and assisting computer choreography

As quoted in the philosophy of contemporary dance: <<Understanding the directions for a Free Dance performer stems mainly from the qualities and energy of the movement rather from spatial criteria>>, a lot of emphasis is put currently on generating computing dance movement by dynamic and energy, which is totally different from producing movement by kinematical based gestures in sequence. We argue that it is an ideal interactive media to connect computer and choreographer.In this paper, we present a set of dynamic models according to dance verbs: "to rebound", "to jump", "to flip", "to wave", etc, served by physically based particle modeling based on Newton's law. Among them, user has a high-level motion control to modify the quality of such dynamically generated movement, for example, light/strong, free/bound, sudden/sustained, etc. These dynamic models are hence well suited to produce spontaneous motion that looks natural and plausible. To sum up, we propose a methodology, focusing on the birth, the growth and the death of cause, which include mystic anticipation, inner propagation and virtual momentum exchange. Our methodology exhibits energetic succession and connects well the dance, physics and computer. It is convincingly a well-suited direction for computer-aided choreography.
An extended AODV protocol for VoIP application in mobile ad hoc network

Most of the routing protocols designed for ad hoc networks assume that IEEE 802.11b is used for lowest-layer communications. In IEEE 802.11 ad hoc mode, the DCF is the basic medium access protocol. In this paper we consider voice calls over mobile ad hoc network based on 802.11b MAC. A new routing metric for searching a stable routing in ad hoc network based on an extended AODV protocol is proposed. The simulation results presented in this work show that the new protocol can improve performance of VoIP over ad hoc network as compared to standard AODV protocol.
Quantitative expression study of four cytokeratins and p63 in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: suitability for sentinel node navigation surgery using one-step nucleic acid amplification

Aims Sentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS) is currently considered to provide better staging of regional metastasis. For rapid and accurate sentinel lymph node analysis, one-step nucleic acid amplification using cytokeratin 19 (CK19) has been applied, particularly in breast cancer. On the other hand, additional quantitative reverse transcription PCR targets containing cytokeratins have been reported recently in head and neck cancer. In this report, CK19 and p63 were immunohistochemically examined in primary tumours for use as molecular markers and were compared with cytokeratin 903 (CK903), cytokeratin 8/18 (CK8/18) and cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), which are used in diagnostic immunohistochemistry for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Methods The study reviewed 17 patients with T1/T2, N0 (UICC) oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who were treated surgically at Kyorin University Hospital between 2002 and 2009. The intensity and proportion of tumour cells stained for CK19, CK903, p63, CK8/18 and AE1/AE3 were evaluated. Results CK19 and CK8/18 staining in cytoplasm was patchy among carcinoma cells, indicating weak expression. Staining proportion for p63, CK903 and AE1/AE3 was greater than for CK19 and CK8/18, although staining intensity for CK903 was weaker than for p63 and AE1/AE3. The difference in total score between CK19 and CK8/18 staining and p63, CK903 and AE1/AE3 staining was statistically significant (p<0.001). p63 and AE1/AE3 may be better markers than CK903, CK19 and CK8/18. Conclusions This suggests that p63 is of clinical utility in SNNS and that CK19 is unsuitable for early tongue carcinoma. Further studies are needed before clinical application of these markers.
Clinical significance of CYP2C9‐status guided valproic acid therapy in children

Valproic acid (VPA)–induced adverse effects, which are sometimes serious in children, can be associated with alterations in VPA metabolism. VPA‐evoked toxicity is attributed to both the parent compound and its unsaturated metabolites, primarily formed by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C9 enzyme. Thus, patients’ CYP2C9‐status may account for the predisposition to adverse reactions, and testing CYP2C9‐status may contribute to the improvement and rationalization of VPA therapy in children.
Physician Utilization: The State of Research About Physicians’ Practice Patterns

Reprinted with permission from Medical Care 1985;23:461-483. Copyright ? 1985 by J.B. Lippincott Company. A group of Americans who represent less than one half of 1% of the population determine how nearly 10% of the nation's gross national product will be spent, Although physicians' professional fees represent only one fifth of health care expenditures, they are responsible far decisions that govem the way that as much as 90% of each health care dollar is used. Despite the economic importance of physicians' decisions, only recently have investigators begun to explore the factors that govem medical decision making. Even more recently have health services researchers begun to evaluate ways of motivating doctors to provide more costeffective medical care.
OPUS: An Efficient Admissible Algorithm for Unordered Search

OPUS is a branch and bound search algorithm that enables efficient admissible search through spaces for which the order of search operator application is not significant. The algorithm's search efficiency is demonstrated with respect to very large machine learning search spaces. The use of admissible search is of potential value to the machine learning community as it means that the exact learning biases to be employed for complex learning tasks can be precisely specified and manipulated. OPUS also has potential for application in other areas of artificial intelligence, notably, truth maintenance.
Normalization of Ventilation Data from 4D-CT to Facilitate Comparison between Datasets Acquired at Different Times

Purpose The 4D-CT data used for comparing a patient’s ventilation distributions before and after lung radiotherapy are acquired at different times. As a result, an additional variable – the tidal volume (TV) – can alter the results. Therefore, in this paper we propose to normalize the ventilation to the same TV to eliminate that uncertainty. Methods Absolute ventilation (AV) data were generated for 6 stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) cases before and after treatment, using the direct geometric algorithm and diffeomorphic morphons deformable image registration (DIR). Each pair of AV distributions was converted to TV-normalized, percentile ventilation (PV) and low-dose well-ventilated-normalized ventilation (LDWV) distributions. The ventilation change was calculated in various dose regions based on the treatment plans using the DIR-registered before and after treatment data sets. The ventilation change based on TV-normalized ventilation was compared with the AV as well as the data normalized by PV and LDWV. Results AV change may be misleading when the TV differs before and after treatment, which was found to be up to 6.7%. All three normalization methods produced a similar trend in ventilation change: the higher the dose to a region of lung, the greater the degradation in ventilation. In low dose regions (<5 Gy), ventilation appears relatively improved after treatment due to the relative nature of the normalized ventilation. However, the LDWV may not be reliable when the ventilation in the low-dose regions varies. PV exhibited a similar ventilation change trend compared to the TV-normalized in all cases. However, by definition, the ventilation distribution in the PV is significantly different from the original distribution. Conclusion Normalizing ventilation distributions by the TV is a simple and reliable method for evaluation of ventilation changes.
On the Relay-Based Coverage Extension for Non-Conventional Multi-Hop Wireless Networks

Due to the rapid growth of personal communications, it is now believed that multi-hop topologies will certainly play a key role in forthcoming wireless communications scenarios. Amongst other aspects, they will facilitate the appearance of new business models, allowing e.g. the possibility for operators to extend their services on a cost effective way. In this sense, an end-user may act as a relaying node, offering other end-users the possibility to connect to a base station (or access point) even if these were not able to do it directly (because e.g. they were not within the coverage area or they were not costumers of that operator). This paper analyzes one of the benefits brought about by multi-hop accesses, particularly the coverage extension that could be enabled by these approaches, by performing both an analytical and a simulation study. We analyze the outage probability over different network deployments, increasing the number of hops that a user might employ to reach an access point.
Context-Aware Places of Interest Recommendations and Explanations

Contextual knowledge has been traditionally used in Recommender Systems (RSs) to improve the recommendation accuracy of the core recommendation algorithm. Beyond this advantage, in this paper we argue that there is an additional benefit of context management; making more convincing recommendations because the system can use the contextual situation of the user to explain why an item has been recommended, i.e., the RS can pinpoint the relationships between the contextual situation and the recommended items to justify the suggestions. The results of a user study indicate that context management and this type of explanations increase the user satisfaction with the recommender system.
Energy-Efficient Multiple Targets Tracking Using Target Kinematics in Wireless Sensor Networks

Target tracking is one of the cardinal applications of a wireless sensor network. Tracking multiple targets is more challenging than tracking a single target in a wireless sensor network due to targets’ movement in different directions, targets’ speed variations and frequent connectivity failures of low powered sensor nodes. If all the low-powered sensor nodes are kept active in tracking multiple targets coming from different directions of the network, there is high probability of network failure due to wastage of power. It would be more realistic if the tracking area can be reduced so that the less number of sensor nodes will be active which ultimately saves the energy consumption. Tracking area can be reduced by using the target’s kinematics. There is almost no method to track multiple targets, based on targets’ kinematics. In our paper, we propose a distributed tracking method for tracking multiple targets considering targets’ kinematics. We incorporate sensor network properties which results into a novel and service priority based dynamic tracking framework. We simulate our method by a sensor network simulator OMNeT++ and empirical results state that our proposed methodology outperforms traditional tracking algorithms.
Enabling efficient multi-layer repair in elastic optical networks by gradually superimposing SDN

Multi-layer resilience is one of the prominent new concepts for modern carrier networks; it efficiently combines the advantages of the optical and the packet layer. However, not all features offered by modern optical transport networks can be fully used by the packet layer yet. In case of a fiber cut, an optical protection mechanism restores the original IP topology after a short transient time. But such an optical restoration is expected to use a new, longer light-path, which in turn might affect the optical capacity of the link. Bit-rate flexible optical transceivers are able to utilize the remaining optical capacity efficiently by adapting the network link capacity accordingly. However, the packet layer is not able to cope with fluctuating link capacities; often the policy is to rather shut down the link completely instead of using the remaining capacity. Consequently, this paper proposes a Segment Routing-based approach with superimposed Software-defined Networking (SDN) to allow the IP network to benefit from these new features. The minimally invasive, gradual deployment of the system is investigated, while keeping other proven and resilient technologies and systems unmodified. Using the topology and traffic matrix of a large German carrier the feasibility of such a deployment is evaluated.
Comparison of Single Source Shortest Path Algorithms on Two Recent Asynchronous Many-task Runtime Systems

With the advent of the exascale era, new runtimes and algorithm design techniques need to be explored. In this paper, we investigate performance of three different single-source shortest path algorithms in two relatively recent asynchronous many-task runtime systems AM++ and HPX-5. We identify the underlying set of differential features for these runtimes, and we compare and contrast the performance of Δ-stepping algorithm, Distributed Control based algorithm, K-level Asynchronous algorithm in AM++ and in HPX-5, for which we also include chaotic implementation. We observe that specific runtime characteristics or lack thereoff and different graph inputs can impact the feasibility of an algorithmic approach.