Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early multi-wavelength emission from gamma-ray bursts: from gamma-ray to x-ray

The study of the early high-energy emission from both long and short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been revolutionized by the Swift mission. The rapid response of Swift shows that the non-thermal x-ray emission transitions smoothly from the prompt phase into a decaying phase whatever the details of the light curve. The decay is often categorized by a steep-to-shallow transition suggesting that the prompt emission and the afterglow are two distinct emission components. In those GRBs with an initially steeply decaying x-ray light curve, we are probably seeing off-axis emission due to termination of intense central engine activity. This phase is usually followed, within the first hour, by a shallow decay, giving the appearance of a late-emission hump. The late-emission hump can last for up to a day, and hence, although faint, is energetically very significant. The energy emitted during the late-emission hump is very likely due to the forward shock being constantly refreshed by either late central engine activity or less relativistic material emitted during the prompt phase. In other GRBs, the early x-ray emission decays gradually following the prompt emission with no evidence for early temporal breaks, and in these bursts the emission may be dominated by classical afterglow emission from the external shock as the relativistic jet is slowed by interaction with the surrounding circum-burst medium. At least half of the GRBs observed by Swift also show erratic x-ray flaring behaviour, usually within the first few hours. The properties of the x-ray flares suggest that they are due to central engine activity. Overall, the observed wide variety of early high-energy phenomena pose a major challenge to GRB models.
A M-Learning Content Recommendation Service by Exploiting Mobile Social Interactions

With the rapid development of the Internet and the popularization of mobile devices, participating in a mobile community becomes a part of daily life. This study aims the influence impact of social interactions on mobile learning communities. With m-learning content recommendation services developed from mobile devices and mobile network techniques, learners can generate the learning stickiness by active participation and two-way interaction within a mobile learning community. Individual learning content is able to be recommended according to the behavioral characteristics of the response message of individual learners in the community, and other browsers not of this community are attracted to participate in the learning content with the proposed recommendation service. Finally, as the degree of devotion to the community and learning time increases, the learners' willingness to continue learning increases. The experiment results and analysis show that individualized learning content recommendation results in better learning effect. In addition, the proposed service proved that the experiment results can be easily extended to handle the recommended learning content for learners' time-varying interests.
How can we reliably identify a taxon based on humeral morphology? Comparative morphology of desmostylian humeri

Desmostylia is a clade of marine mammals belonging to either Tethytheria or Perissodactyla. Rich fossil records of Desmostylia were found in the Oligocene to Miocene strata of the Northern Pacific Rim, especially in the northwestern region, which includes the Japanese archipelago. Fossils in many shapes and forms, including whole or partial skeletons, skulls, teeth, and fragmentary bones have been discovered from this region. Despite the prevalent availability of fossil records, detailed taxonomic identification based on fragmentary postcranial materials has been difficult owing to to our limited knowledge of the postcranial diagnostic features of many desmostylian taxa. In this study, I propose the utilization of diagnostic characters found in the humerus to identify desmostylian genus. These characters can be used to identify isolated desmostylian humeri at the genus level, contributing to a better understanding of the stratigraphic and geographic distributions of each genus.
A novel in vitro approach to assess the fit of implant frameworks.

OBJECTIVE To introduce a new strain gauge approach to assess the fit of fixed implant frameworks. MATERIALS AND METHODS A partially edentulous epoxy resin mandible model received two Straumann implants in the area of the lower left second premolar and second molar. The model was used to fabricate four zirconia and four identical cobalt-chromium alloy frameworks using a laboratory computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system. A total of four linear strain gauges were then bonded around each implant on the peri-implant structure (mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual). The experimental part was composed of two phases: qualitative and quantitative. For the qualitative assessment, the model was verified by recording the response of each strain gauge while applying a near-constant force of known directions on each implant. For the quantitative phase, the frameworks were attached on the implants and the screws were torqued to 15 N cm. RESULTS In the qualitative phase, the strain gauge response to every force direction was recorded. After attaching the frameworks, all frameworks produced measurable strains, but with different strain patterns. Upon correlating the two phases, the zirconia frameworks were found to be slightly smaller than the inter-implant distance, whereas the cobalt-chromium alloy frameworks tended to be slightly larger than the inter-implant distance. CONCLUSIONS The proposed technique is not only valid for detecting implant framework misfit but also for determining the form of inaccuracies. Model verification is an essential informative step to aid the interpretation of the pattern of framework distortion.
Embedding AC Power Flow in the Complex Plane Part II: A Reliable Framework for Voltage Collapse Analysis

Part II of this paper elaborates on the unique capability of the proposed power flow analysis framework to obtain the true solution corresponding to the stable operating point of a network. It explains the significance of obtaining the true solution for an accurate assessment of the voltage collapse margin. This feature distinguishes the framework from all iterative and non-iterative heuristic approaches as demonstrated in the context of a 7-bus network with Newton-Raphson, its variants and semidefinite and moment-based relaxations of power flow. Another important feature of this framework is that it obtains the true solution when it exists and declares its non-existence otherwise. This is demonstrated in the context of small networks and in comparison with heuristic approaches. This paper also explores how the proposed framework detects a limit-induced bifurcation where a network controller reaching its limit can initiate voltage collapse.
Stream Monitoring under the Time Warping Distance

The goal of this paper is to monitor numerical streams, and to find subsequences that are similar to a given query sequence, under the DTW (dynamic time warping) distance. Applications include word spotting, sensor pattern matching, and monitoring of bio-medical signals (e.g., EKG, ECG), and monitoring of environmental (seismic and volcanic) signals. DTW is a very popular distance measure, permitting accelerations and decelerations, and it has been studied for finite, stored sequence sets. However, in many applications such as network analysis and sensor monitoring, massive amounts of data arrive continuously and it is infeasible to save all the historical data. We propose SPRING, a novel algorithm that can solve the problem. We provide a theoretical analysis and prove that SPRING does not sacrifice accuracy, while it requires constant space and time per time-tick. These are dramatic improvements over the naive method. Our experiments on real and realistic data illustrate that SPRING does indeed detect the qualifying subsequences correctly and that it can offer dramatic improvements in speed over the naive implementation.
Rate of Decay in Proportion of Condom-Protected Sex Acts Among Adolescents After Participation in an HIV Risk-Reduction Intervention

Objective:HIV risk-reduction interventions have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing the proportion of condom-protected sex (CPS) acts among diverse populations. Although postintervention exposure increase in CPS are often observed, there is scant empirical data quantifying decay of intervention efficacy (declines in CPS after cessation of the intervention among participants reporting an initial postintervention increase in CPS). Thus, the objective of this study was to quantify the rate of decay in intervention efficacy over a 24-month follow-up. Design:African American adolescent females (ages: 14–20; n = 349) completed a baseline audio computer–assisted self-administered interview, participated in an HIV risk-reduction intervention, and were assessed at 6-month intervals for 24 months postintervention. Intervention efficacy was conceptualized as an increase in participants’ CPS relative to baseline. Methods:Analyses focused on the subset of participants who reported an initial increase in CPS from baseline to the 6-month postintervention assessment (n = 121) to quantify the rate of decay in intervention efficacy over a 24-month follow-up period. Results:CPS increased markedly from baseline to 6-month follow-up assessment. However, from 6 to 12 months, a marked decline in CPS was observed. Further CPS declines, though not statistically significant, were observed from 12 to 18 months and 18 to 24 months. Cumulative reductions in CPS over the entire 24-month follow-up resulted in no statistical difference between baseline and 24-month follow-up; indicative of a nonsignificant intervention effect at 24-month assessment. Conclusions:Innovative postintervention optimization strategies are needed to minimize CPS decay over protracted time periods by reinforcing, sustaining, and potentially amplifying initial gains in condom use.
VariScan: Analysis of evolutionary patterns from large-scale DNA sequence polymorphism data

SUMMARY VeriScan is a software package for the analysis of DNA sequence polymorphisms at the whole genome scale. Among other features, the software (1) can conduct many population genetic analyses; (2) incorporates a multiresolution wavelet transform-based method that allows capturing relevant information from DNA polymorphism data; (3) facilitates the visualization of the results in the most commonly used genome browsers.
Battery management for rescue robot operation

In a real-time rescue robot operation, the operator must avoid any mistakes during a mission. Effective robot operation requires the robot is supplied with the sufficient power for the entire duration of a mission. This study addresses battery management for rescue robot operation. Our experience and knowledge on battery management for rescue robots is summarized in this paper as a guideline for new developers. This paper covers the topics of power consumption, battery selection, battery charging/ discharging and battery maintenance.
Inhibition of Atrogin-1/MAFbx Mediated MyoD Proteolysis Prevents Skeletal Muscle Atrophy In Vivo

Ubiquitin ligase Atrogin1/Muscle Atrophy F-box (MAFbx) up-regulation is required for skeletal muscle atrophy but substrates and function during the atrophic process are poorly known. The transcription factor MyoD controls myogenic stem cell function and differentiation, and seems necessary to maintain the differentiated phenotype of adult fast skeletal muscle fibres. We previously showed that MAFbx mediates MyoD proteolysis in vitro. Here we present evidence that MAFbx targets MyoD for degradation in several models of skeletal muscle atrophy. In cultured myotubes undergoing atrophy, MAFbx expression increases, leading to a cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling of MAFbx and a selective suppression of MyoD. Conversely, transfection of myotubes with sh-RNA-mediated MAFbx gene silencing (shRNAi) inhibited MyoD proteolysis linked to atrophy. Furthermore, overexpression of a mutant MyoDK133R lacking MAFbx-mediated ubiquitination prevents atrophy of mouse primary myotubes and skeletal muscle fibres in vivo. Regarding the complex role of MyoD in adult skeletal muscle plasticity and homeostasis, its rapid suppression by MAFbx seems to be a major event leading to skeletal muscle wasting. Our results point out MyoD as the second MAFbx skeletal muscle target by which powerful therapies could be developed.
A Systematic Security Evaluation of Android's Multi-User Framework

Like many desktop operating systems in the 1990s, Android is now in the process of including support for multi- user scenarios. Because these scenarios introduce new threats to the system, we should have an understanding of how well the system design addresses them. Since the security implications of multi-user support are truly pervasive, we developed a systematic approach to studying the system and identifying problems. Unlike other approaches that focus on specific attacks or threat models, ours systematically identifies critical places where access controls are not present or do not properly identify the subject and object of a decision. Finding these places gives us insight into hypothetical attacks that could result, and allows us to design specific experiments to test our hypothesis. Following an overview of the new features and their imple- mentation, we describe our methodology, present a partial list of our most interesting hypotheses, and describe the experiments we used to test them. Our findings indicate that the current system only partially addresses the new threats, leaving the door open to a number of significant vulnerabilities and privacy issues. Our findings span a spectrum of root causes, from simple oversights, all the way to major system design problems. We conclude that there is still a long way to go before the system can be used in anything more than the most casual of sharing environments.
Robot Trajectories Comparison: A Statistical Approach

The task of planning a collision-free trajectory from a start to a goal position is fundamental for an autonomous mobile robot. Although path planning has been extensively investigated since the beginning of robotics, there is no agreement on how to measure the performance of a motion algorithm. This paper presents a new approach to perform robot trajectories comparison that could be applied to any kind of trajectories and in both simulated and real environments. Given an initial set of features, it automatically selects the most significant ones and performs a statistical comparison using them. Additionally, a graphical data visualization named polygraph which helps to better understand the obtained results is provided. The proposed method has been applied, as an example, to compare two different motion planners, FM2 and WaveFront, using different environments, robots, and local planners.
Laser transferred contacts: Modeling of the transfer process

This work presents a numerical model for the physical processes during the transfer process of our nickel/copper laser fine line metallization. Here, a pulsed laser transfers a thin nickel layer from a glass support and contacts the solar cell directly through the anti-reflection coating. The model simulates the temperature distribution in the nickel as well as the glass support and calculates the arising gas pressures at the nickel/glass interface. The gasification of the soda-lime glass support is the main driving force of the transfer process.
A Novel Disk Scheduling Algorithm in Real-time Database Systems

Conventional databases are mainly characterized by their strict data consistency requirements. Database systems for real-time applications must satisfy timing constraints associated with transactions. In this paper a novel disk scheduling algorithm for real-time database system is proposed. The main objective of this paper is to initiate an enquiry in Disk scheduling for real time database systems. The proposed work aims at the investigation of efficient disk scheduling techniques in real time databases. After investigation it was found that our proposed approach gives better performance than the existing algorithms.
IDEA: Planning at the Core of Autonomous Reactive Agents

Several successful autonomous systems are separated into technologically diverse functional layers operating at different levels of abstraction. This diversity makes them difficult to implement and validate. In this paper, we present IDEA (Intelligent Distributed Execution Architecture) a unified planning and execution framework. In IDEA a layered system can be implemented as separate agents, one per layer, each representing its interactions with the world in a model. At all level, the model representation primitives and their semantics is the same. Moreover, each agent relies on a single model, plan database, plan runner and on a variety of planners, both reactive and deliberative. The framework allows the specification of agents that operate within a guaranteed reaction time and supports flexible specification of reactive vs. deliberative agent behavior. Within the IDEA framework we are working to fully duplicate the functionalities of the DS1 Remote Agent and extend it to domains of higher complexity than autonomous spacecraft control.
Variation in Calvarial Bone Healing Capacity: A Clinical Study on the Effects of BMP-2-Hydrogel or Bone Autograft Treatments at Different Cranial Locations

BackgroundBone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) together with a suitable carrier is an attractive option that may be used for craniofacial bone reconstruction. In this prospective randomized study, a hyaluronan-based hydrogel with BMP-2 was used to achieve bone healing in standardized critical-size cranial defects in humans after neurosurgery. MethodsTwelve patients were randomized into the treatment group (N = 6) or control group (N = 6). In the treatment group, holes made during craniotomy were treated with hydrogel with BMP-2, 250 µg/mL, or hydrogel without BMP-2. In the remaining hole/s in the same patient, Spongostan (Ethicon) alone or Tisseel (Baxter) mixed with autologous bone matrix were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. In the control group, the holes were treated with Spongostan or Tisseel mixed with bone autograft. Bone healing was assessed with CT scans after 3 and 6 months. Bone areas in treated defects were measured and statistical analysis was performed. ResultsIndependent of location, bone healing in defects treated with Tisseel with autograft, hydrogel alone, or hydrogel with BMP-2 was significantly increased compared to negative control (P < 0.001, P = 0.002, and P = 0.005, respectively). In general, all defects healed significantly better in the frontal bone as compared to parietal-temporal location, except for defects treated with Tisseel and autograft, which healed well independently of location. No local or systemic side effects, including excessive bone overgrowth or inflammatory reaction, were seen in treated patients. ConclusionsTissue engineering of bone with hyaluronan-based hydrogel shows good healing of cranial defects, comparable with bone autografts. The hydrogel itself may represent a novel alternative to autologous bone transplants in craniofacial bone repair. The study also reveals a general superior healing capacity in the frontal bone as compared to parietal/temporal bones.
Semantics Based Multi-XML Query Algorithm

Recently, with the rapid spread of computer technology, XML has become the standard for data exchange for a wide variety of applications. A large number of XML and XML schema are generated by different individual or company. The problem addressed in this paper is the execution of XML queries over multiple XML documents. In this paper, we propose an algorithm: SMXQA (semantics based multi-XML query algorithm). In the SMXQA, we parse the DTD/XSD of multi-XML documents to collect the set of functional dependency in it. Then we use method of clustering and pattern matching based on semantic to catch the element with homologous semantic in the set of functional dependency. And we concentrate on make a global materialized view by that element. For query conveniently, we propose a multi-XML query language: MXquery, which is extended from Xquery. At last, we experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
IRST-BP: Web People Search Using Name Entities

In this paper we describe a person clustering system for web pages and report the results we have obtained on the test set of the Semeval 2007 Web Person Search task. Deciding which particular person a name refers to within a text document depends mainly on the capacity to extract the relevant information out of texts when it is present. We consider "relevant" here to stand primarily for two properties: (1) uniqueness and (2) appropriateness. In order to address both (1) and (2) our method gives primary importance to Name Entities (NEs), defined according to the ACE specifications. The common nouns not referring to entities are considered further as coreference clues only if they are found within already coreferred documents.
Deep Convolutional Networks for Scene Parsing

We propose a deep learning strategy for scene parsing, i.e. to asssign a class label to each pixel of an image. We investigate the use of deep convolutional network for modeling the complex scene label structures, relying on a supervised greedy learning strategy. Compared to standard approaches based on CRFs, our strategy does not need hand-crafted features, allows modeling more complex spatial dependencies and has a lower inference cost. Experiments over the MSRC benchmark and the LabelMe dataset show the eﬀectiveness of our approach.
Are These Bugs Really "Normal"?

Understanding the severity of reported bugs is important in both research and practice. In particular, a number of recently proposed mining-based software engineering techniques predict bug severity, bug report quality, and bug-fix time, according to this information. Many bug tracking systems provide a field "severity" offering options such as "severe", "normal", and "minor", with "normal" as the default. However, there is a widespread perception that for many bug reports the label "normal" may not reflect the actual severity, because reporters may overlook setting the severity or may not feel confident enough to do so. In many cases, researchers ignore "normal" bug reports, and thus overlook a large percentage of the reports provided. On the other hand, treating them all together risks mixing reports that have very diverse properties. In this study, we investigate the extent to which "normal" bug reports actually have the "normal" severity. We find that many "normal" bug reports in practice are not normal. Furthermore, this misclassification can have a significant impact on the accuracy of mining-based tools and studies that rely on bug report severity information.
Calibration of optical camera coupled to acoustic multibeam for underwater 3D scene reconstruction

Combination of optical and acoustic sensors to compensate the strengths and weaknesses of each sensor modality is a topic of increasing interest in applications involving autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV). In this work, an opti-acoustic system composed by a single camera and a multibeam sonar is proposed, providing a simulation environment to validate its potential use in 3D reconstruction. Since extrinsic calibration is a prerequisite for this kind of feature-level sensor fusion, an effective approach to address the calibration problem between a multibeam and a camera is presented.