Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Ontogeny and Brain Distribution Dynamics of the Appetite Regulators NPY, CART and pOX in Larval Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.)

Similar to many marine teleost species, Atlantic cod undergo remarkable physiological changes during the early life stages with concurrent and profound changes in feeding biology and ecology. In contrast to the digestive system, very little is known about the ontogeny and the localization of the centers that control appetite and feed ingestion in the developing brain of fish. We examined the expression patterns of three appetite regulating factors (orexigenic: neuropeptide Y, NPY; prepro-orexin, pOX and anorexigenic: cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, CART) in discrete brain regions of developing Atlantic cod using chromogenic and double fluorescent in situ hybridization. Differential temporal and spatial expression patterns for each appetite regulator were found from first feeding (4 days post hatch; dph) to juvenile stage (76 dph). Neurons expressing NPY mRNA were detected in the telencephalon (highest expression), diencephalon, and optic tectum from 4 dph onward. CART mRNA expression had a wider distribution along the anterior-posterior brain axis, including both telencephalon and diencephalon from 4 dph. From 46 dph, CART transcripts were also detected in the olfactory bulb, region of the nucleus of medial longitudinal fascicle, optic tectum and midbrain tegmentum. At 4 and 20 dph, pOX mRNA expression was exclusively found in the preoptic region, but extended to the hypothalamus at 46 and 76 dph. Co-expression of both CART and pOX genes were also observed in several hypothalamic neurons throughout larval development. Our results show that both orexigenic and anorexigenic factors are present in the telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon in cod larvae. The telencephalon mostly contains key factors of hunger control (NPY), while the diencephalon, and particularly the hypothalamus may have a more complex role in modulating the multifunctional control of appetite in this species. As the larvae develop, the overall progression in temporal and spatial complexity of NPY, CART and pOX mRNAs expression might be correlated to the maturation of appetite control regulation. These observations suggest that teleost larvae continue to develop the regulatory networks underlying appetite control after onset of exogenous feeding.
Linear $\sigma$-additivity and some applications

We show that countable increasing unions preserve a large family of well-studied covering properties, which are not necessarily σ-additive. Using this, together with infinite-combinatorial methods and simple forcing theoretic methods, we explain several phenomena, settle problems of Just, Miller, Scheepers and Szeptycki (1996), Gruenhage and Szeptycki (2005), Tsaban and Zdomskyy (2008), and Tsaban (2006), (2007), and construct topological groups with very strong combinatorial properties.
A COMPARISON OF THE TAKE-OFF AND THE TRANSITION PHASE OF THE SKI JUMPING BETWEEN THE GROUP OF THE SKI JUMPERS AND THE COMPETITORS IN NORDIC COMBINED

Take-off and transition phase were compared with the use of 2D videography by the competitors in ski-jumping and Nordic combined. The basic material was recorded at the events World Cup Liberec’99 and Championship of the Czech Republic. The quality of the motor abilities that are necessary for the performance was measured in the biomechanical laboratory tests. The take-off velocity as well as the vigour is greater together with the lower approach velocity in the ski jumpers. The competitors in Nordic combined realise the transition phase with greater rotation, the performance of the take-off is more variable. The value of the explosive force and the velocity in 15 m run is significantly greater in the ski-jumpers.
The PTZ tracking algorithms evaluation virtual platform system

With the development of the close relationship between the tracking moving object algorithms and the monitoring system, PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) cameras become more powerful in offering requested images than platform-lens ones. How to choose the perfectly suitable algorithm turns out to be the main issue which people concern about. In this paper, we propose a virtual platform system, working as a PTZ camera, in which allows a variety of algorithms test their performances. Under the same platform system with the identical environment, the final resultant data given by the system seems more valuable to refer, which can be the basis of the right choice among a collection of algorithms.
Search for extremely high energy gamma rays with the KASCADE eperiment

Data observed with the KASCADE extensive air shower experiment have been analyzed with respect to a possible contribution by primary gamma rays in the energy range of 0.3 to 10 PeV. The study makes use of the good definition of electron and muon numbers by the experiment. Possible gamma induced events are mainly identified by their low muon to electron ratios but, in addition, the steepness and smoothness of the electron lateral distributions are exploited. No positive identifications can be claimed but our results confirm and, in the lower part of the energy range, improve upper limits of a possible gamma contribution made by previous experiments. The distribution on the sky of the 53 most ’gamma-like’ events out of a sample of 13.6 million events is indistinguishable from that of all the events registered. The results are based on a measurement time of approximately half a year.
Dynamic in vivo mutations within the ica operon during persistence of Staphylococcus aureus in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with chronic bacterial airway infections leading to lung insufficiency and decreased life expectancy. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent pathogens isolated from the airways of CF patients. Mucoid colony morphology has been described for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most common pathogen in CF, but not for S. aureus. From the airways of 8 of 313 CF patients (2.5%) mucoid S. aureus isolates (n = 115) were cultured with a mean persistence of 29 months (range 1 month, 126 months). In contrast to non-mucoid S. aureus, mucoid isolates were strong biofilm formers. The upstream region of the ica operon, which encodes the proteins responsible for the synthesis of the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), of mucoid isolates was sequenced. Spa-types of mucoid and non-mucoid strains were identical, but differed between patients. Mucoid isolates carried a 5 bp deletion in the intergenic region between icaR and icaA. During long-term persistence, from two patients subsequent non-mucoid isolates (n = 12) with 5 bp deletions were cultured, which did not produce biofilm. Sequencing of the entire ica operon identified compensatory mutations in various ica-genes including icaA (n = 7), icaD (n = 3) and icaC (n = 2). Six sequential isolates of each of these two patients with non-mucoid and mucoid phenotypes were subjected to whole genome sequencing revealing a very close relationship of the individual patient’s isolates. Transformation of strains with vectors expressing the respective wild-type genes restored mucoidy. In contrast to the non-mucoid phenotype, mucoid strains were protected against neutrophilic killing and survived better under starvation conditions. In conclusion, the special conditions present in CF airways seem to facilitate ongoing mutations in the ica operon during S. aureus persistence.
Faculty Concerns as Gateways to Teacher Competency with Computer Technologies.

Faculty concerns about integrating computers in teacher education courses were studied for 26 members of the education faculty at a northwest university. Faculty members responded to the Stages of Concern about an Innovation Questionnaire and discussed their concerns in interviews. The Concerns-Based Adoption Model. , which provided the conceptual framework, identifies seven dimensions of concern. Questionnaire data indicate that the faculty as a whole had the most intense and frequent concerns in the self-concern category of awareness, information, and personal. Experienced instructional users had more intense concerns about the impact stages of use than did the inexperienced users. The most important factor influencing the stage of concern was whether or not the respondent had experience incorporating computing assignments in courses. Implications of these findings for teacher education are discussed. One figure and two tables present study findings. (Contains 14 references.) (SLD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Remarch and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 0 This document has been reproduced as received trorn the person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality Points ot view or opinions stateo in this docu ment do nOt necessarily represent official OERI position or pony
An Efficient Algorithm to Mine Online Data Streams

Mining frequent closed itemsets provides complete and condensed information for non-redundant association rules generation. Extensive studies have been done on mining frequent closed itemsets, but they are mainly intended for traditional transaction databases and thus do not take data stream characteristics into consideration. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for mining closed frequent itemsets over data streams. It computes and maintains closed itemsets online and incrementally and can output the current closed frequent itemsets in real time based on users’ specified thresholds. Experimental results show that our proposed method is both time and space efficient, has good scalability as the number of transactions processed increases and adapts very rapidly to the change in data streams.
Driver Design Based on Notification Mechanism in Synthesis Virtual Instrument

Because of the complexity of the object under test, the synthesis Virtual Instrument gains more and more attention, but the driver technique concerning this kind of VI has not been deeply studied. This paper introduces the driver interface layer based on command queue and data queue which are based on queue technique. The driver interface layer abstracts and encapsulates the instruments' driver programs, and is to solve the mutex and competition and data synchronization problems among multi-modules. The driver interface layer improves the driver technique from query and waiting mechanism to queue and notification mechanism. Experimental results are given, showing that the driver technique based on queue and notification mechanism solves the competition for the bus and the device resource, and it also increases the driver efficiency when compared to the query and wait mechanism.
An examination of Positivist and Critical Realist philosophical approaches to nursing research

This paper emphasises the importance for researchers to explicitly locate their work within a philosophical framework. It examines the ontological, epistemological and methodological similarities and differences of Positivism and Critical Realism; highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of these philosophical approaches in relation to nursing research. Whilst acknowledging several limitations and risks associated with undertaking research from a critical realist perspective it concludes that this perspective still appears to provide a more appropriate foundation for systematic enquiry within the discipline of nursing than is achieved by adopting a positivist approach to such investigation.
The Effects of Unemployment Benefits on Unemployment and Labor Force Participation: Evidence from 35 Years of Benefits Extensions

This paper presents estimates of the effect of emergency and extended unemployment benefits (EEB) on the unemployment rate and the labor force participation rate using a data set containing information on individuals likely eligible and ineligible for EEB back to the late 1970s. To identify these estimates, we examine how exit rates from unemployment change across different points of the distribution of unemployment duration when EEB is and is not available, controlling for changes in labor demand and demographic characteristics. We find that EEB increased the unemployment rate by about one-third percentage point in the most recent recession but did not affect the participation rate. In previous recessions, the effect of EEB on the unemployment rate was even smaller.
On a parallel partitioning technique for use with conservative parallel simulation

The major goal of this work has been to develop an implementation of a parallel partitioning algorithm which is suitable for use in a conservatively synchronized Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES) environment. Effective partitioning is essential for performance and capacity consideration, for any PDES problem. The performance of the partitioning algorithm is very important, to the overall simulation performance. There are two possible approaches to improve performance for the partitioning step: algorithm modifications; and parallelize the partitioning algorithm (Fiduccia and Mattheyses, 1982) is developed. The basic algorithm has been modified, first for parallel execution with a similar quality of final partition; and then further modified to increase the parallelism of the algorithm, at the expense of partition quality.
G Protein Modulation of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels

Calcium influx into any cell requires fine tuning to guarantee the correct balance between activation of calcium-dependent processes, such as muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release, and calcium-induced cell damage. G protein-coupled receptors play a critical role in negative feedback to modulate the activity of the CaV2 subfamily of the voltage-dependent calcium channels, which are largely situated on neuronal and neuro-endocrine cells. The basis for the specificity of the relationships among membrane receptors, G proteins, and effector calcium channels will be discussed, as well as the mechanism by which G protein-mediated inhibition is thought to occur. The inhibition requires free Gβγ dimers, and the cytoplasmic linker between domains I and II of the CaV2 α1 subunits binds Gβγ dimers, whereas the intracellular N terminus of CaV2 α1 subunits provides essential determinants for G protein modulation. Evidence suggests a key role for the β subunits of calcium channels in the process of G protein modulation, and the role of a class of proteins termed “regulators of G protein signaling” will also be described.
Nym: Practical Pseudonymity for Anonymous Networks

Nym is an extremely simple way to allow pseudonymous access to Internet services via anonymizing networks like Tor, without losing the ability to limit vandalism using popular techniques such as blocking owners of offending IP or email addresses. Nym uses a very straightforward application of blind signatures to create a pseudonymity system with extremely low barriers to adoption. Clients use an entirely browser-based application to pseudonymously obtain a blinded token which can be anonymously exchanged for an ordinary TLS client certificate. In the appendix, we give the complete Javascript application and the necessary patch to use client certificates in the popular web application MediaWiki, which powers the popular free encyclopedia Wikipedia. Thus, Nym is a complete solution, able to be deployed with a bare minimum of time and infrastructure support.
The properties of optical FeII emission lines of AGN with double-peaked broad emission lines

We study the FeII properties of double-peaked broad low-ionization emission line AGN (dbp emitters) using a sample of 27 dbp emitters from SDSS (DR4). Our rst result is that the line spectra in the wavelength range from 4100 A to 5800 A can be best tted by an elliptical accretion disk model.The best tted results indicate that the optical FeII emission lines of dbp emitters originate from the same region in the accretion disk where the double-peaked Balmer emission lines originate. Some correlations between FeII emission lines and the other broad emission lines for normal AGN can be conrmed for dbp emitters. However, these results should be taken with caution due to the small number of objects and the bias in selecting strong FeII emitters. We show that for dbp emitters, BH masses seems to have more inuence on FeII properties than dimensionless accretion rate.
Application of dynamic time warping and cepstrograms to text-dependent speaker verification

This work provides a description of an automatic speaker verification (ASV) system. In particular, it documents the evolution of all individual stages of the proposed ASV system design from the phase of preprocessing to an operational decision making system. The aim of this research was to achieve the system of the best safety and ease of use in view of users. The objective estimation of this target has been accomplished by assessing the probability that the presented system will make erroneous decisions. Few different sentences spoken in Polish by several persons have been used as acoustic material. The research resulted in specifying precise parameters for algorithms used in the system and in defining the directions of future research in this field.
Telomere Recombination Preferentially Occurs at Short Telomeres in Telomerase-Null Type II Survivors

In telomerase negative yeast cells, Rad52-dependent recombination is activated to maintain telomeres. This recombination-mediated telomere elongation usually involves two independent pathways, type I and type II, and leads to generation of type I and type II survivors. It remains elusive whether the recombination-mediated telomere elongation prefers to take place on shorter or longer telomeres. In this study, we exploited the de novo telomere addition system to examine the telomere recombination event in telomerase negative cells. We show that recombination preferentially occurs on shorter rather than longer telomeres in both pre-survivors and established type II survivors. In type II survivors, the short VII–L telomeres could invade either terminal TG1–3 sequence or short tracts of TG1–3 sequence in subtelomeric Y′-X and Y′-Y′ junction to initiate recombination. Unexpectedly, short VII–L telomere recombination still takes place in type II survivors lacking either Rad50 or Rad59, which are required for type II survivor generation in senescing telomerase-null cells. Our results support the notion that Rad50 and Rad59 are not essential for the maintenance of type II survivors once established.
Teachers Professional Development in schools: Reflection on the Move to Create a Culture of Continuous Improvement

Professional development of teacher is acknowledged to be centrally important in maintaining and enhancing the quality of teaching and learning in schools. Cognizant of this, nationwide professional development has been designed and enacted since 2003 in Ethiopia. This paper aims to reflect on the practices of teachers’ professional development in schools. In so doing, it relied on the narratives of three informants, current literature and the experiences of the researcher as an insider and teacher educator. Methodologically, the study employed narrative research, which is the process of studying and understanding experience through story telling. The findings indicated that the participants found the current teacher professional development problematic and unhelpful to bring the desired change in teachers classroom practice and student learning. The available teacher professional development was narrowly understood, poorly practiced, and orchestrated tightly from the top
Powerful Change Part 1: Batteries and Possible Alternatives for the Mobile Market

Mobile phone companies sell more batteries than phones to consumers. The devices users buy generally include rechargeable batteries so that they are immediately useful. Companies try to protect their batteries with various design and utility patents to keep third-party vendors from competing too heavily with their after-market sales. This protection is necessary because battery technology changes slowly-consumers receive little incentive to upgrade their batteries unless they fail or the consumer desires a larger one. Power is a difficult issue and is often overlooked in mobile computers. However, innovative opportunities abound for exploring this problem. We introduce the issue and propose some alternatives to batteries. In subsequent issues we'll address methods of being more power efficient by using resources both on the body and in the environment.
Positron emission tomography measured cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism are decreased in human type 1 diabetes

Subclinical systemic microvascular dysfunction exists already in asymptomatic patients with type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that microangiopathy, resulting from long-standing systemic hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, may be generalized to the brain, resulting in changes in cerebral blood flow and metabolism in these patients. We performed dynamic [O]H2O and [18F]-fluoro2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) brain positron emission tomography (PET) scans to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglu), respectively, in 30 type 1 diabetic patients and 12 age-matched healthy controls after an overnight fast. Regions of interest were automatically delineated on coregistered MRI images and full kinetic analysis was performed. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were higher in patients versus controls. Total grey matter CBF was 9%, whereas CMRglu was 21% lower in type 1 diabetic versus control subjects. We conclude that at real-life fasting glucose and insulin levels, type 1 diabetes is associated with decreased resting cerebral glucose metabolism, that is only partially explained by the decreased CBF. These findings suggest that other mechanisms than generalized microangiopathy account for the altered CMRglu observed in well-controlled type 1 diabetes. (NCT00626080) CH3.indd 58 17-4-2013 13:03:55