Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Planar Balanced Crossover

The mixed-mode S-parameters of a generic four-port balanced crossover have been analyzed. According to the S-parameters, a four-port balanced crossover has been presented for the first time. The crossover consists of two microstrip ring-shaped circuits connected by four transmission-line sections and exhibits bisymmetry. Employing even-odd-mode analysis, design equations have been proposed and theoretically verified. For a special case where quarter-wavelength transmission-line sections are utilized, all of the impedances of transmission-line sections in the reduced circuits could be arbitrarily selected. Bandwidth analysis has been conducted to provide a guideline of determining these impedances. For verification, a 2.45-GHz balanced crossover which occupies an area of 0.95 × 0.95 λ2 has been implemented and measured. The measured differential-mode return loss, isolation, and insertion loss at 2.45 GHz are 25.0, 20.8, and 0.86 dB, respectively. The measured bandwidths in the differential mode are 22.0%, 4.1%, and 5.6% for the 17-dB return loss, 20-dB isolation, and 1-dB insertion loss, respectively. Cross-mode S-parameters are less than -31 dB at 2.45 GHz with -20-dB bandwidths of 13%. Bandwidths of 20-dB common-mode rejection are no less than 45.0%. The measured data agree with the full-wave simulated results and validate the proposed design.
Approximating Nash Equilibrium Uniqueness of Power Control In Practical WSNs

Transmission power has a major impact on link and communication reliability and network lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks. We study power control in a multi-hop Wireless Sensor Network where nodes' communication interfere with each other. Our objective is to determine each node's transmission power level that will reduce the communication interference and keep energy consumption to a minimum. We propose a potential game approach to obtain the unique equilibrium of the network transmission power allocation. The unique equilibrium is located in a continuous domain. However, radio transceivers accept only discrete values for transmission power level setting. We study the viability and performance of mapping the continuous solution from the potential game to the discrete domain required by the radio. We demonstrate the success of our approach through TOSSIM simulation when nodes use the Collection Tree Protocol for routing the data. Also, we show results of our method from the Indriya testbed. We compare it with the case where the motes use Collection Tree Protocol with the maximum transmission power.
Control Strategy for the Robust Dynamic Walk of a Biped Robot

This paper presents the main simulation and experimental results from studies of the robustness of a proposed new control strategy for the under-actuated robot RABBIT. The disturbances studied include modifications of the characteristics of the foot/ground interaction and the application of external forces to the trunk of the robot. These two kinds of disturbance correspond to those most frequently encountered by biped robots during walking in an unknown environment.
Context Aware Mobile Commerce Using Agent Technology

Advances in e-commerce have resulted in significant progress towards strategies, requirements, and development of e-commerce applications. However, nearly all e-commerce applications envisioned and developed so far assume fixed or stationary users with wired infrastructure. We envision many new e-commerce applications that will be possible and significantly benefit from emerging wireless and mobile networks context-aware computing is a mobile computing paradigm in which applications can discover and take advantage of contextual information. Before mobile devices, computer applications only had to consider a fairly limited set of contextual concerns where users performed tasks on computers that remained stationary. With the advent of mobile and wireless devices, context is a less predictable influence on the actual design and use of computer systems. People are using applications in environments that are relatively unstable from one moment to the next. This paper attempts to present basic concepts like definition, characteristics, and types of context and features that are characteristic for context-aware applications. Structuring context aware applications is important for modularizing their implementation. The modularization is necessary for re-use and sharing of software and hardware components. A five-layer model for structuring context aware applications is presented later. It also discusses on location based service requirements and concludes with illustrations.
The Axiomatisation of Socio-Economic Principles for Self-Organising Systems

We are interested in engineering for open, embedded and resource-constrained systems, which have applications in ad hoc, sensor and opportunistic networks. In such systems, there is decentralised control, competition for resources and an expectation of both intentional and unintentional errors. The 'optimal' distribution of resources is then less important than the 'robustness' or 'survivability' of the distribution mechanism, based on collective decision-making and tolerance of unintentional errors. We therefore seek to model resource allocation in the network as a common pool resource management problem, and apply a formal characterisation of Ostrom's socio-economic principles for building enduring institutions. This paper presents a complete axiomatisation in the Event Calculus of six of Ostrom's eight principles, describes a preliminary testbed for experimenting with the axiomatisation, and considers the work from a methodological perspective of sociologically-inspired computing for self-organising systems.
Ranking Aggregates

Ranking-aware queries have been gaining much attention recently in many applications such as search engines and data streams. They are, however, not only restricted to such applications but are also very useful in OLAP applications. In this paper, we introduce aggregation ranking queries in OLAP data cubes motivated by an online advertisement tracking data warehouse application. These queries aggregate information over a specified range and then return the ranked order of the aggregated values. For instance, an advertiser might be interested in the top-k publishers over the last three months in terms of sales obtained through the online advertisements placed on the publishers. They differ from range aggregate queries in that range aggregate queries are mainly concerned with an aggregate operator such as # $ % and %'& ( ) % * + over the selected ranges of all dimensions in the data cubes. Existing techniques for range aggregate queries are not able to process aggregation ranking queries efficiently. Hence, in this paper we propose new algorithms to handle this problem. The essence of the proposed algorithms is based on both ranking and cumulative information to progressively rank aggregation results. Furthermore we empirically evaluate our techniques and the experimental results show that the query cost is improved significantly.
Classifying mammograms using texture information

In an ongoing effort to assist radiologists in detecting breast cancer early, this paper focuses on breast characterisation according to internal tissue characteristics. This is an important feature because it has been demonstrated that women with dense breasts are more likely to suffer breast cancer, and also, the performance of automatic mass detection methods decreases in dense breasts. The strategy of our proposal firstly identifies regions with similar grey-level by using a clustering strategy. Subsequently, texture descriptors are extracted from each cluster by using Local Binary Patterns and Co-occurrence Matrices, and finally used to train a classifier. Results obtained from the complete MIAS database and using a leave-one-out strategy show a correct classification of 78% when compared to expert assessment.
A compression algorithm for DNA sequences

We present a DNA compression algorithm, GenCompress, based on approximate matching that gives the best compression results on standard benchmark DNA sequences. We present the design rationale of GenCompress based on approximate matching, discuss details of the algorithm, provide experimental results, and compare the results with the two most effective compression algorithms for DNA sequences (Biocompress-2 and Cfact).
Mobile activity recognition using contextual reasoning and ubiquitous data stream processing

Activity recognition has become one of the emerging applications in the area of ubiquitous computing. This research aims at leveraging ubiquitous data stream mining and context reasoning for mobile activity recognition. The novel system allows dynamic adaptation and personalisation of the learning model to reflect the realistic activity changes emerged over time. Sensors fusion to attain a context aware activity recognition is also a key contribution in this project.
Poster : User-Centric Phishing Threat Detection

This paper presents a context-aware phishing threat detection model from users’ behavioral perspectives. The context of users’ information accesses is investigated to explore the users’ browsing behaviors that confront phishing situations. Large-scale experiments show that our approach achieves an accuracy of 0.9973 and an F1 score of 0.9311 for predicting the phishing threats of users’ next accesses without intelligent content analysis. Error analysis indicates that our proposed model results in a favorably low false positive rate of 0.0006. In practice, our proposed model is complementary to the existing anti-phishing techniques for cost-effectively blocking phishing threats with wisdom of the crowds. Keywords—collaborative filtering; browsing behaviors; collective intelligence; context-aware category prediction
Local Morphology Predicts Functional Organization of Experienced Value Signals in the Human Orbitofrontal Cortex

Experienced value representations within the human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) are thought to be organized through an antero-posterior gradient corresponding to secondary versus primary rewards. Whether this gradient depends upon specific morphological features within this region, which displays considerable intersubject variability, remains unknown. To test the existence of such relationships, we performed a subject-by-subject analysis of fMRI data taking into account the local morphology of each individual. We tested 38 subjects engaged in a simple incentive delay task manipulating both monetary and visual erotic rewards, focusing on reward outcome (experienced value signal). The results showed reliable and dissociable primary (erotic) and secondary (monetary) experienced value signals at specific OFC sulci locations. More specifically, experienced value signal induced by monetary reward outcome was systematically located in the rostral portion of the medial orbital sulcus. Experienced value signal related to erotic reward outcome was located more posteriorly, that is, at the intersection between the caudal portion of the medial orbital sulcus and transverse orbital sulcus. Thus, the localizations of distinct experienced value signals can be predicted from the organization of the human orbitofrontal sulci. This study provides insights into the anatomo-functional parcellation of the anteroposterior OFC gradient observed for secondary versus primary rewards because there is a direct relationship between value signals at the time of reward outcome and unique OFC sulci locations.
The Timing of Acquisitions

We analyse the timing of competitive bids. There are two buyers in our model, each of whom decide when and how much to bid for an object. These agents' valuations are commonly known, but are driven by a stochastic state variable that varies randomly over time. We assume that agent 1 (2) has the higher valuation when the state is high (low). We show first that there is delay in equilibrium: agent 1 bids only when the state is sufficiently high; and agent 2 bids only when the state is sufficiently low. This delay is not necessarily present when there is a single agent; it is present with two agents because competition makes payoffs convex. Secondly, the extent of delay increases with the degree of uncertainty (i.e., both agents wait for more extreme values of the state before bidding). Thirdly, we show that there is too much delay in equilibrium, relative to the efficient solution. Finally, we show that, in our model, the seller wishes to sell immediately, and to choose the lowest degree of uncertainty about the value of the object.
POET: An Evo-Devo Method to Optimize the Weights of Large Artificial Neural Networks

Large search spaces as those of artificial neural networks are difficult to search with machine learning techniques. The large amount of parameters is the main challenge for search techniques that do not exploit correlations expressed as patterns in the parameter space. Evolutionary computation with indirect genotype-phenotype mapping was proposed as a possible solution, but current methods often fail when the space is fractured and presents irregularities. This study employs an evolutionary indirect encoding inspired by developmental biology. Cellular proliferations and deletions of variable size allow for the definition of both regular large areas and small detailed areas in the parameter space. The method is tested on the search of the weights of a neural network for the classification of the MNIST dataset. The results demonstrate that even large networks such as those required for image classification can be effectively automatically designed by the proposed evolutionary developmental method. The combination of real-world problems like vision and classification, evolution and development, endows the proposed method with aspects of particular relevance to artificial life.
Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Circulating Recombinant Forms 08_BC and 07_BC in Asia

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CRF08_BC and CRF07_BC are two major recombinants descended from subtypes B′ and C. Despite their massive epidemic impact in China, their migration patterns and divergence times remain unknown. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses were performed on 228 HIV-1 sequences representing CRF08_BC, CRF07_BC, and subtype C strains from different locations across China, India, and Myanmar. Genome-specific rates of evolution and divergence times were estimated using a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo framework under various evolutionary models. CRF08_BC originated in 1990.3 (95% credible region [CR], 1988.6 to 1991.9) in Yunnan province before spreading to Guangxi (south) and Liaoning (northeast) around 1995. Inside Guangxi region, the eastward expansion of CRF08_BC continued from Baise city (west) to Binyang (central) between 1997 and 1998 and later spread into Pingxiang around 1999 in the south, mainly through injecting drug users. Additionally, CRF07_BC diverged from its common ancestor in 1993.3 (95% CR, 1991.2 to 1995.2) before crossing the border into southern Taiwan in late 1990s. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that both CRF08_BC and CRF07_BC can trace their origins to Yunnan. The parental Indian subtype C lineage likely entered China around 1981.2 (95% CR, 1976.7 to 1985.9). Using a multiple unlinked locus model, we also showed that the dates of divergence calculated in this study may not be significantly affected by intrasubtype recombination among different lineages. This is the first phylodynamic study depicting the spatiotemporal dynamics of HIV/AIDS in East Asia.
INTERPRETATION OF MODELS OF FUNDAMENTAL ECOLOGICAL NICHES AND SPECIES' DISTRIBUTIONAL AREAS

Estimation of the dimensions of fundamental ecological niches of species to predict their geographic distributions is increasingly being attempted in systematics, ecology, conservation, public health, etc. This technique is often (of necessity) based on data comprising records of presences only. In recent years, modeling approaches have been devised to estimate these interrelated expressions of a species' ecology, distributional biology, and evolutionary history—nevertheless, a formal basis in ecological and evolutionary theory has largely been lacking. In this paper, we outline such a formal basis to clarify the use of techniques applied to the challenge of estimating 'ecological niches;' we analyze example situations that can be modeled using these techniques, and clarify interpretation of results.
Quantification of Hydrological Responses Due to Climate Change and Human Activities over Various Time Scales in South Korea

Hydrological responses are being impacted by both climate change and human activities. In particular, climate change and regional human activities have accelerated significantly during the last three decades in South Korea. The variation in runoff due to the two types of factors should be quantitatively investigated to aid effective water resources’ planning and management. In water resources’ planning, analysis using various time scales is useful where rainfall is unevenly distributed. However, few studies analyzed the impacts of these two factors over different time scales. In this study, hydrologic model-based approach and hydrologic sensitivity were used to separate the relative impacts of these two factors at monthly, seasonal and annual time scales in the Soyang Dam upper basin and the Seom River basin in South Korea. After trend analysis using the Mann–Kendall nonparametric test to identify the causes of gradual change, three techniques, such as the double mass curve method, Pettitt’s test and the BCP (Bayesian change point) analysis, were used to detect change points caused by abrupt changes in the collected observed runoff. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) models calibrated from the natural periods were used to calculate the impacts of human activities. Additionally, six Budyko-based methods were used to verify the results obtained from the hydrological-based approach. The results show that impacts of climate change have been stronger than those of human activities in the Soyang Dam upper basin, while the impacts of human activities have been stronger than those of climate change in the Seom River basin. Additionally, the quantitative characteristics of relative impacts due to these two factors were identified at the monthly, seasonal and annual time scales. Finally, we suggest that the procedure used in this study can be used as a reference for regional water resources’ planning and management.
Irreconcilable differences? A postcolonial intersectional reading of gender, development and Human Rights in Latin America

Abstract In 2015, the United Nations set in motion the International Decade for People of African Descent (2015–2024). While this mandate provides much to celebrate, its reliance on universal and human rights narratives collides against the reality of a persistent inferiorization of Afro-descendant communities as less-than-human. The paradoxical nature of human rights discourses notwithstanding, Afro-descendant women (ADW) leaders in Latin America embrace the opportunity provided by the UN Decade, to rethink human rights discourses and Afro-descendant inclusion in development practice. I draw insight in this article from black feminist and postcolonial thinking to contribute to a growing engagement with the concept of intersectionality in the subfield of feminist political ecology. Employing the concept of postcolonial intersectionality, I reflect on how ADW operationalize particular knowledges and their racialized gendered subjectivities to challenge regional imaginaries that limit livelihoods, access to natural resources and that cast Afro-descendants outside humanity. I connect such organized activism to that of quiet, every day and largely unrecognized acts of resistance among Afro-Antillean women situated in the growing residential tourism enclave along Panama’s Atlantic coast, in a place known as ‘Bocas’. This article draws from ethnographic and historical data collection and is supplemented with news articles, activist scholarship, government documents and secondary resources. Together, I center the intersectional logics of power in Bocas and argue that ADW lead a material and symbolic process of place-making, one that prioritizes life while struggling over carnal, gendered and racialized dispossession and the right to be recognized as human.
Priority-Based Balance Scheduling in Real-Time Data Warehouse

In real-time data warehouses, data import is no longer implemented in the batched and periodic way during the idle time of data warehouses, but continuously ongoing. The updates of real-time data warehouses are conflict with queries against data warehouses. Thus the scheduling of updates and queries becomes a key issue. This paper proposes a priority-based balance scheduling algorithm (PBBS). Firstly, according to the response time requirements of queries and the different import levels of the data being updated, the algorithm gives different priorities to all tasks. Then it makes a parallel scheduling, considering the task priorities, the implementation conditions of task queues and the feedback of system resources. And it proposes a method that ensures data consistency for parallel tasks. Finally, the experiments show that the algorithm is not only able to adjust the resources allocation for updates and queries in accordance with user requirements, but also make rational use of system resources and ensure high-priority tasks are processed first. Thus it not only reduces the response time of the important queries, but enhances the data freshness of the important data.
Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to Improve the Bi-Directional Nasal Drug Delivery Concept

Nasal delivery is considered for an increasing number of existing and new drugs and vaccines, but current nasal delivery devices have major disadvantages. The Norwegian company OptiNose AS is developing a novel concept that challenges traditional delivery systems. The patended bi-directional delivery system improves drug and vaccine distribution to the nasal mucous membrane while at the same time preventing lung deposition. It takes advantage of the posterior connection between the nasal passages persisting when the velum automatically closes during oral exhalation. It is the exhalation into the delivery device that triggers the release of particles into an airflow, which enters one nostril via a sealing nozzle and exits through the other nostril.This paper describes how OptiNose is using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) during the development process for their drug delivery concept. The simulations are used to visualize and demonstrate the basic features of the bi-directional technique and discuss how its design and function could be further optimized. CFD computations thus increase the efficiency of device development and reduce the need for expensive and time consuming laboratory experiments. To perform successful CFD calculations on the nose, construction of a proper surface grid of the nasal cavity is important. The process of building the surface grid is presented in the paper. The final surface grid was next imported into Tgrid, a volume grid generator, and finally the simulations were carried out by use of the commercial CFD code FLUENT. These steps are described in the paper. Testing of the cell quality, both during surface grid and volume grid generation, is mandatory. The testing procedures are briefly presented in the paper. Finally, to be able to rely on the CFD computations done, one needs thorough validation. This article presents some comparison of the CFD computation results against physical experiments. The comparison analysis shows promising results.