Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Antimicrobial Compound Isolated from Cinnamomum Iners Leaves with Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

This study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Cinnamomum iners standardized leave methanolic extract (CSLE), its fractions and isolated compounds. CSLE and fractions were subjected to disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests using different Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and yeast. Within the series of fractions tested, the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active, particularly against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 100 and 200 µg/mL, respectively. The active compound in this fraction was isolated and identified as xanthorrhizol [5-(1, 5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-2-methylphenol] by various spectroscopic techniques. The overall results of this study provide evidence that Cinnamomum iners leaves extract as well as the isolated compound xanthorrhizol exhibit antimicrobial activity for both Gram negative and Gram positive pathogens, especially against MRSA strains.
Stress concentration around circular cutouts in laminated composite cylindrical shells - Experimental investigation and finite element analysis

An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the strain distribution around circular holes in crossply and angleply laminated E Glass-Epoxy composite cylindrical shells subjected to axial tension. The surface strains in the shells were measured using strain gauges. The strains were also obtained by finite element analysis using a high precision triangular cylindrical shell finite element. In the linear range of stress-strain response for these composites, fair agreement was found between the experimental results and finite element predictions.13;
Comparison of Four Local Invariant Characteristics Based on Palm Vein

Palm vein recognition is a new biometric identification technology. The horizontal rotation, translation, tilting and loss of local vein information of palm vein image greatly affect recognition rate. To solve the above problems, this paper respectively extract four kinds of local invariant feature, Scale Invariant Feature Transform(SIFT), Affine-SIFT(ASIFT), Harris-Laplace and Maximally Stable Extremal Region(MSER), on palm vein images which occurred affine transformation. Then obtain the matching feature points by comparing the Euclidean distance. Through the comparison of the number of feature points and the matching feature points, ASIFT and Harris-Laplace algorithm have good resistance to affine transformation.
Achieving and sustaining remission in depression and anxiety disorders: introduction.

M ajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent medical condition that is frequently associated with comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions and has a high risk for morbidity and mortality (1). Approximately 8% of adults will experience MDD at some time in their lives, and the 1-year prevalence rate is 4.1% to 4.6% in Canada (2). Anxiety disorders affect an estimated 12% of Canadians at some point during their lifetime (2), and community lifetime prevalence rates range from 2.6% to 13.3% depending on the disorder (3). Anxiety disorders are highly comorbid, occurring in about 58% of patients with MDD (4). In addition, anxiety symptoms are highly prevalent in MDD, occurring in up to 80% of patients (5).
Sizing of nano structures below the diffraction limit using laser scanning microscopy

The resolution of confocal laser scanning microscopes (CLSM) is limited due to the diffraction limit, meaning that objects smaller than roughly half the wavelength of the laser cannot be resolved. This makes sizing of objects smaller than the resolution difficult. In thus study fluorescent nano-beads of sizes 250 nm and 40 nm were imaged with CLSM (resolution > ∼ 250 nm) and also STED (which is a super-resolution technique with resolution ∼40 nm). The theory of inverse fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (iFCCS) was then applied for scanned surfaces for sizing of the beads. For CLSM the 250 nm beads could be size-determined within 7% accuracy and the 40 nm beads was size determined within ∼50% accuracy. For STED microscopy the theory of iFCCS was only applicable to the 40 nm beads and the sizing was somewhere between 50% and 75%. Considering that the 40 nm beads are approximately 7 times smaller than the resolution of the CLSM the 50% accuracy is quite good. Simulations suggests that this accuracy could be further approved by making better samples. A future step could be to apply this technique to cell membranes for sizing of e.g clusters of proteins.
Growing up in a domestic violence environment: relationship with developmental trajectories of body mass index during adolescence into young adulthood

Background This study investigated the relationship between growing up in a violent home and developmental trajectories of body mass index (BMI) in a cohort of adolescents followed longitudinally from 1996 to 2003–4. Methods 6043 girls and 4934 boys aged 9–14 years in 1996 who reported height and weight at least two times and whose mothers completed intimate partner violence (IPV) questions at the 2001 Nurses' Health Study. Main exposure was experiencing the first family violence during early (0–5 years) or later (6–11 years) childhood, based on mother's year-specific exposure of IPV and the birth year of each participant. Mother's report of IPV was ascertained by the abuse assessment screen. Four distinct BMI trajectory groups were estimated from age-specific BMI (age 12–20 years), using general growth mixture modelling. Results Four distinct BMI trajectories were identified separately for girls and boys: healthy growth; healthy to obese; steady overweight and consistently obese. Compared with boys not exposed to violence at home, boys raised in violent homes before 5 years were at increased risk of being in the consistently obese (OR =2.0; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.5) and steady overweight (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.9) groups after adjusting for confounders. Girls raised in violent homes were more likely to be in the steady overweight group, but associations did not maintain statistical significance after adjusting for confounding. Conclusion These data link children's exposure to domestic violence to a risk of unhealthy weight trajectories during adolescence in boys. Detrimental effects of exposure to a domestic violence environment may take root in the first few years of development for boys.
Neural activation during experimental allodynia: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Pain induced by gentle stroking, i.e. dynamic–mechanical allodynia, is one of the most distressing symptoms of neuropathic pain. The underlying neuronal pathways are still a matter of debate. Here, we investigated the cortical activations associated with dynamic‐mechanical allodynia in an experimental human pain model by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Large and stable areas of brush‐evoked allodynia were induced in 11 healthy subjects by topical capsaicin (2.5%, 30 min) application following local heating (45 °C for 5 min), thus combining both physical and chemical sensitization. During the fMRI experiments, allodynia was rekindled by local heat application (40 °C for 5 min) immediately before the allodynia testing. Brushing the untreated forearm (control condition) led to activations of the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1), contralateral parietal association cortex (PA), bilateral secondary somatosensory cortices (S2) and insula (contralateral). Brushing the allodynic skin was painful and the cortical responses were partially overlapping with those induced by the nonpainful brush stimulation. Additionally, the contralateral inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and the ipsilateral insula were activated. Direct comparison between nonpainful brushing and brush‐evoked allodynia revealed significant increases in blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signals in contralateral S1, PA, IFC and bilateral S2/insula during allodynia. This study highlights the importance of a cortical network comprising S1, PA, S2/insula and IFC in the processing of dynamic–mechanical allodynia in the human brain. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the combined heat/capsaicin model can be used successfully in the exploration of brain processes underlying stimulus‐evoked pain.
Evaluation of the Mechanic and Electrochemical Properties of an Epoxy Coating with Addition of Different Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) Applied on Substrate of Low Alloy Steel

The epoxy resin is one of the matrices most employed in obtaining composites and coatings. Its properties have been modified using materials such as clays and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes - POSS. The use of POSS in the preparation of thermosetting nanocomposites has been studied in obtaining hybrid materials with higher mechanic and surface properties. The functionality of POSS cage is important, since a thermosetting is formed by a cross-linked structure that can interact at any direction, forming bonds or acting in the interface of the cages inserted. This works aims to evaluate the influence of three POSS (Glycidylisobutyl-POSS, Triglycidylisobutyl-POSS and Glycidyl-POSS) added in epoxy resin, in the mechanic and electrochemical behaviors, when applied on low alloy steel. It was observed an increase in roughness and hydrophobicity. The sample containing Glycidylisobutyl-POSS presented the best results of corrosion resistance. Glycidyl-POSS showed an inefficient dispersion, forming agglomerates, leading to a low electrochemical behavior. for a two-component epoxy system. These results are in accordance to which is observed in log Z, since all the systems
An evaluation of spatial thresholding techniques in fMRI analysis

Many fMRI experiments have a common objective of identifying active voxels in a neuroimaging dataset. This is done in single subject experiments, for example, by performing individual voxel‐wise tests of the null hypothesis that the observed time course is not significantly related to an assigned reference function. A voxel activation map is then constructed by applying a thresholding rule to the resulting statistics (e.g., t‐statistics). Typically the task‐related activation is expected to occur in clusters of voxels rather than in isolated single voxels. A variety of spatial thresholding techniques have been proposed to reflect this belief, including smoothing the raw t‐statistics, cluster size inference, and spatial mixture modeling. We study two aspects of these spatial thresholding procedures applied to single subject fMRI analysis through simulation. First, we examine the performance of these procedures in terms of sensitivity to detect voxel activation, using receiver operating characteristic curves. Second, we consider the accuracy of these spatial thresholding procedures in estimation of the size of the activation region, both in terms of bias and variance. The findings indicate that smoothing has the highest sensitivity to modest magnitude signals, but tend to overestimate the size of the activation region. Spatial mixture models estimate the size of a spatially distributed activation region well, but may be less sensitive to modest magnitude signals, indicating that additional research into more sensitive spatial mixture models is needed. Finally, the methods are illustrated with a real bilateral finger‐tapping fMRI experiment. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast start-up equalization with periodic training sequences

Prior knowledge of the typical signal spectrum at the equalizer input can be used to speed up the convergence of a least mean-square error nonrecursivc equalizer by placing a weighting matrix in the path of the coefficient (tap gain) corrections. When the training sequence is periodic with period equal to the time-spread of the nonrecursive equalizer, the weighting matrix is not only symmetric and Toeplitz, but also circulant. Thus the fast update algorithm can be implemented by inserting a single nonrecursive filter in the path of the periodic input sequence before it is used for computing coefficient correction terms. The stability and convergence of the fast start-up algorithm with "stochastic" update in the presence of noise are examined. In the absence of prior information about the channel characteristics, this fast converging training procedure may be easily extended to a one-shot method of equalizer setup. The one-shot method, which involves estimation of the inverse filter from one period of the received signal, proves to be robust in the presence of noise. Simulation resuits are given for class I partial-response and Nyquist (20 percent roll-off raised cosine) data transmission systems with quadrature amplitude modulation over a dial-up telephone connection.
Ultrasonic synthetic aperture angular scatter imaging

Conventional coherent imaging systems map the energy which is reflected directly back towards the transducer. While extremely useful, these systems fail to utilize information in the energy field which has been scattered at other angles. Angular scatter imaging attempts to form images from the scattered energy field at angles other than the 180/spl deg/ backscattered path. We propose a synthetic aperture based imaging scheme for acquiring angular scatter data in medical ultrasound. We describe this technique in k-space and provide an intuitive explanation of the imaging system's behavior. This method, which we term Synthetic Aperture Angular Scatter (SAAS) imaging effectively uses single element geometries to acquire data at a range of scattering angles. In this paper, we present experimental results implementing SAAS on a GE Logiq 700MR system. We applied the SAAS method to form angular scatter images of a 5-wire depth of field (DOF) phantom and a tissue mimicking 3-wire phantom (steel, nylon and cotton). We present results from this data and discuss the degree of uniformity necessary in element response for successful SAAS imaging. Results from these experiments show new image information previously unavailable in conventional B-mode images and suggest that angular scatter imaging may have applications in the breast, thyroid and peripheral vasculature.
Estimating Mutual Information by Local Gaussian Approximation

Estimating mutual information (MI) from samples is a fundamental problem in statistics, machine learning, and data analysis. Recently it was shown that a popular class of non-parametric MI estimators perform very poorly for strongly dependent variables and have sample complexity that scales exponentially with the true MI. This undesired behavior was attributed to the reliance of those estimators on local uniformity of the underlying (and unknown) probability density function. Here we present a novel semi-parametric estimator of mutual information, where at each sample point, densities are {\em locally} approximated by a Gaussians distribution. We demonstrate that the estimator is asymptotically unbiased. We also show that the proposed estimator has a superior performance compared to several baselines, and is able to accurately measure relationship strengths over many orders of magnitude.
A Study of the Demographics of Web-Based Health-Related Social Media Users

Background The rapid spread of Web-based social media in recent years has impacted how patients share health-related information. However, little work has studied the demographics of these users. Objective Our aim was to study the demographics of users who participate in health-related Web-based social outlets to identify possible links to health care disparities. Methods We analyze and compare three different types of health-related social outlets: (1) general Web-based social networks, Twitter and Google+, (2) drug review websites, and (3) health Web forums. We focus on the following demographic attributes: age, gender, ethnicity, location, and writing level. We build and evaluate domain-specific classifiers to infer missing data where possible. The estimated demographic statistics are compared against various baselines, such as Internet and social networks usage of the population. Results We found that (1) drug review websites and health Web forums are dominated by female users, (2) the participants of health-related social outlets are generally older with the exception of the 65+ years bracket, (3) blacks are underrepresented in health-related social networks, (4) users in areas with better access to health care participate more in Web-based health-related social outlets, and (5) the writing level of users in health-related social outlets is significantly lower than the reading level of the population. Conclusions We identified interesting and actionable disparities in the participation of various demographic groups to various types of health-related social outlets. These disparities are significantly distinct from the disparities in Internet usage or general social outlets participation.
Rapid detection of copper chlorophyll in vegetable oils based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

The addition of copper chlorophyll and its derivatives (Cu-Chl) to vegetable oils to disguise them as more expensive oils, such as virgin olive oils, would not only create public confusion, but also disturb the olive oil market. Given that existing detection methods of Ch-Chl in oils, such as LC-MS are costly and time consuming, it is imperative to develop economical and fast analytical techniques to provide information quickly. This paper demonstrates a rapid analytical method based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to detect Cu-Chl in vegetable oils; the spectroscopic markers of Cu-Chl are presented and a detection limit of 5 mg kg−1 is demonstrated. The analysis of a series of commercial vegetable oils is undertaken with this method and the results verified by a government agency. This study shows that a SERS-based assessment method holds high potential for quickly pinpointing the addition of minute amounts of Cu-Chl in vegetable oils.
Classification of Facial Expression Using SVM for Emotion Care Service System

This paper presents a real-time approach to classify facial expression from a sequence of input images to provide emotion care service in developing a wellbeing life care system. The facial expression recognition from video images is useful to handle with sequential changes of facial expression. However, it needs more cost in training images and constructing database rather than using a still image. In this paper, we present automatic technique which infers emotions by recognizing facial expression from input video in real time. To classify the facial expression the feature displacements traced by the optical flow are used for input parameters to a support vector machine (SVM). The classification result of facial expression from input video will be used for providing personal emotion-care service depending on the emotional state.
Sliding mode methods for fault detection and fault tolerant control with application to aerospace systems

Sliding mode methods for fault detection and fault tolerant control with application to aerospace systems Sliding mode methods have been historically studied because of their strong robustness properties with regard to a certain class of uncertainty, achieved by employing nonlinear control/injection signals to force the system trajectories to attain in finite time a motion along a surface in the state-space. This paper will consider how these ideas can be exploited for fault detection (specifically fault signal estimation) and subsequently fault tolerant control. It will also describe applications of these ideas to aerospace systems, including piloted flight simulator results associated with the GARTEUR AG16 Action Group on Fault Tolerant Control. The results demonstrate a successful real-time implementation of the proposed fault tolerant control scheme on a motion flight simulator configured to represent the post-failure EL-AL aircraft.
Early detection of bilateral cataracts in utero may represent a manifestation of severe congenital disease

We observed bilateral cataracts on second trimester ultrasound, in two consecutive pregnancies, with no other structural defects detected. The parents were unrelated and had no family history for the disease. The first pregnancy was terminated in week 22. Copy number variation analysis revealed, in both the aborted fetus and the mother, a 495 kb duplication at 22q11.23 encompassing CRYBB3 and CRYBB2, and not present in variation databases. In the second pregnancy, lens hyperechogenicity was detected by ultrasound at week 13 and 4 days. The identical duplication at 22q11.23 was found in the fetus and considered as possibly pathogenic. At weeks 22 and 30, smaller orbit measurements were elucidated on ultrasound, raising concerns as to the underlying molecular genetic cause, necessitating further investigation. Whole‐exome sequencing, using DNA of the first fetus, was performed shortly after the birth of a male child, and two truncating RAB3GAP1 mutations were detected: c.538G>T; p. (Glu180*) and c.943C>T; p. (Arg315*). Neither mutation has been previously reported to be disease‐causing; however, evaluation in the context of previously published literature indicated their deleterious nature, implying a clinical diagnosis of Warburg micro syndrome or Martsolf syndrome. Sanger sequencing confirmed segregation of the two mutations within the family, consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. The child born from the second pregnancy showed features typical of Warburg micro syndrome, with the exception of microcephaly, at age 31 months. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
(E)-Ethyl N′-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinecarboxylate dihydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C10H12N2O3·2H2O, contains two organic molecules with similar conformations and four water molecules. Each organic molecule is close to planar (r.m.s. deviations = 0.035 and 0.108 Å) and adopts a trans conformation with respect to its C=N bond. In the crystal, the components are linked into a three-dimensional network by N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, some of which are bifurcated. An R 2 2(8) loop occurs between adjacent organic molecules.
Robot Algorithms

Robots are versatile mechanical devices equipped with actuators and sensors under the control of a computing system They perform tasks by executing motions in the physical space This space is populated by various objects and is subject to the laws of nature A typical task consists of achieving a goal spatial arrangement of objects from a given initial arrangement for example assembling a product Robots are programmable which means that they can perform a variety of tasks by simply changing the software commanding them This software embeds robot algorithms which are abstract descriptions of processes consisting of motions and sensing operations in the physical space