Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A cross-functional service-oriented architecture to support real-time information exchange in emergency medical response

Real-time information communication presents a persistent challenge to the emergency response community. During a medical emergency, various first response disciplines including Emergency Medical Service (EMS), Fire, and Police, and multiple health service facilities including hospitals, auxiliary care centers and public health departments using disparate information technology systems must coordinate their efforts by sharing real-time information. This paper describes a service-oriented architecture (SOA) that uses shared data models of emergency incidents to support the exchange of data between heterogeneous systems. This architecture is employed in the Advanced Health and Disaster Aid Network (AID-N) system, a testbed investigating information technologies to improve interoperation among multiple emergency response organizations in the Washington DC Metropolitan region. This architecture allows us to enable real-time data communication between three deployed systems: 1) a pre-hospital patient care reporting software system used on all ambulances in Arlington County, Virginia) a syndromic surveillance system used by public health departments in the Washington area (ESSENCE), and 3) a hazardous material reference software system (WISER) developed by the National Library Medicine. Additionally, we have extended our system to communicate with three new data sources: 1) wireless automated vital sign sensors worn by patients, 2) web portals for admitting hospitals, and 3) PDAs used by first responders at emergency scenes to input data (SIRP).
Characterization of Leachianone G 2″ -Dimethylallyltransferase, a Novel Prenyl Side-Chain Elongation Enzyme for the Formation of the Lavandulyl Group of Sophoraflavanone G in Sophora flavescens Ait. Cell Suspension Cultures

Leachianone G (LG) 2′′-dimethylallyltransferase, a novel prenyl side-chain elongation enzyme, was identified in Sophora flavescens Ait. cultured cells. The enzyme transfers a dimethylallyl group to the 2′′ position of another dimethylallyl group attached at position 8 of LG to form sophoraflavanone G, a branched monoterpenoid-conjugated flavanone characteristic to this plant. This membrane-bound dimethylallyltransferase required Mg2+ (optimum concentration was 10 mm) for the reaction and had an optimum pH of 8.8. It utilized dimethylallyl diphosphate as the sole prenyl donor, and the 2′-hydroxy function in LG was indispensable to the activity. The apparent Km values for dimethylallyl diphosphate and LG were 59 and 2.3 μm, respectively. Subcellular localization of three enzymes that participated in the formation of the lavandulyl group was also investigated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Two prenyltransferases, naringenin 8-dimethylallyltransferase and LG 2′′-dimethylallyltransferase, were localized in the plastids, whereas 8-dimethylallylnaringenin 2′-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the crucial step in the lavandulyl-group formation, was associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. These results suggest the close cooperation between the plastids and the endoplasmic reticulum in the formation of lavandulyl groups.
Caenorhabditis elegans metallothionein isoform specificity – metal binding abilities and the role of histidine in CeMT1 and CeMT2

Two metallothionein (MT) isoforms have been identified in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: CeMT1 and CeMT2, comprising two polypeptides that are 75 and 63 residues in length, respectively. Both isoforms encompass a conserved cysteine pattern (19 in CeMT1 and 18 in CeMT2) and, most significantly, as a result of their coordinative potential, CeMT1 includes four histidines, whereas CeMT2 has only one. In the present study, we present a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the metal [Zn(II), Cd(II) and Cu(I)] binding abilities of CeMT1 and CeMT2, performed through spectroscopic and spectrometric characterization of the recombinant metal–MT complexes synthesized for wild‐type isoforms (CeMT1 and CeMT2), their separate N‐ and C‐terminal moieties (NtCeMT1, CtCeMT1, NtCeMT2 and CtCeMT2) and a ΔHisCeMT2 mutant. The corresponding in vitro Zn/Cd‐ and Zn/Cu‐replacement and acidification/renaturalization processes have also been studied, as well as protein modification strategies that make it possible to identify and quantify the contribution of the histidine residues to metal coordination. Overall, the data obtained in the present study are consistent with a scenario where both isoforms exhibit a clear preference for divalent metal ion binding, rather than for Cu coordination, although this preference is more pronounced towards cadmium for CeMT2, whereas it is markedly clearer towards Zn for CeMT1. The presence of histidines in these MTs is revealed to be decisive for their coordination performance. In CeMT1, they contribute to the binding of a seventh Zn(II) ion in relation to the M(II)6–CeMT2 complexes, both when synthesized in the presence of supplemented Zn(II) or Cd(II). In CeMT2, the unique C‐terminal histidine abolishes the Cu‐thionein character that this isoform would otherwise exhibit.
Efficient learning of microbial genotype-phenotype association rules

MOTIVATION Finding biologically causative genotype-phenotype associations from whole-genome data is difficult due to the large gene feature space to mine, the potential for interactions among genes and phylogenetic correlations between genomes. Associations within phylogenetically distinct organisms with unusual molecular mechanisms underlying their phenotype may be particularly difficult to assess. RESULTS We have developed a new genotype-phenotype association approach that uses Classification based on Predictive Association Rules (CPAR), and compare it with NETCAR, a recently published association algorithm. Our implementation of CPAR gave on average slightly higher classification accuracy, with approximately 100 time faster running times. Given the influence of phylogenetic correlations in the extraction of genotype-phenotype association rules, we furthermore propose a novel measure for downweighting the dependence among samples by modeling shared ancestry using conditional mutual information, and demonstrate its complementary nature to traditional mining approaches. AVAILABILITY Software implemented for this study is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license from the author at http://kiwi.cs. dal.ca/Software/PICA
Sustainable community development and ecological economics: theoretical convergence and practical implications

This paper examines the relationships between community development, sustainable development and economics. In particular the convergence of thought in the realms of strong sustainability and ecological economics are shown to be consistent with the goals of sustainable community development (SCD). It is argued that in order to truly and effectively practice SCD, an economics of sustainability, best represented by ecological economics, should be incorporated into all facets of SCD work. It is suggested that the application of neoclassical or environmental economics is likely to limit the effectiveness of SCD work. Five practical implications of the necessary relationship between SCD and ecological economics are presented, suggesting that SCD practitioners must: (1) seek interdisciplinarity, (2) understand and endorse limits to growth, (3) adopt and endorse alternative measures of success, (4) seek the economic valuation of natural and social capital and (5) ensure the inclusion of equity in discussions of sustainability. Finally, a practical example of those implications is offered by way of a community economic workbook application.
The Allocation of Resources in the Presence of Indivisibilities

The pricing tests for optimality in a convex programming problem are not available when the production possibility set displays economies of scale. The paper argues that indivisibilities in production are one of the major causes of such economies. The constrained optimization problems arising in the presence of indivisibilities are integer programs, and it is proposed that the unique, minimal quantity tests for such problems may shed some light on the internal organization of a large firm.
Anticipation, Free-Rider Problems, and Adaptation to Trade Unions: Re-Examining the Curious Case of Dissatisfied Union Members

The author studies the past, contemporaneous, and future effects of union membership on job satisfaction. Using eleven waves (5–15) of the British Household Panel Survey, he documents evidence rejecting the paradox of dissatisfied union members. By separating union “free-riders” from union-covered non-members in fixed-effects equations, he finds significant anticipation effects to unionism for both prospective and covered non-members of both genders. Workers go on to report, on average, a significant net increase in their overall job satisfaction in the year unionization occurs, although this decreases with time. Moreover, adaptation to unionism is complete within the first few years of unionization. One explanation for this is that workers adapt their reported satisfaction over time to support their union bargaining efforts, which would be consistent with at least one explanation given for a union's role in fanning the flames of discontent with management during contract negotiations. That is, members may not actually be as dissatisfied with their jobs as it appears.
[Simultaneous rapid determination of eight food additives in foods by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography].

A simple and rapid method for the determination of eight food additives by RP-HPLC is described. They were saccharin, aspartame, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, vanillin, caffeine, carmine and sunset yellow. The experiments were carried on Shim-pack CLC-ODS (150 mm x 6.0 mm i.d.) with methanol-20 mmol/L NH4Ac (44:56, V/V; pH 7.0) as the eluent at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The UV detection wavelength was fixed at 220 nm. The food samples, after precipitation of the impurities with Carrez reagent, were injected directly into the HPLC system. The average recoveries of all the eight additives were between 91.9%-108.5%, and the RSDs were lower than 4% (n = 5). The analysis of a single sample required only 8 min. This method has been successfully applied to the routine analysis of these additives in foods.
Orientation of Paramecium Under the Conditions of Weightlessness

ABSTRACT. A cell culture of Paramecium with a precise negative gravitaxis was exposed to 4 times 10‐6g during a parabolic flight of a sounding rocket for 6 min. Computer image analysis revealed that without gravity stimulus the individual swimming paths remained straight. In addition, three reactions could be distinguished. For about 30 s, paramecia maintained the swimming direction they had before onset of low gravity. During the next 20 s, an approximate reversal of the swimming direction occurred. This period was followed by the expected random swimming pattern. Similar behavior was observed under the condition of simulated weightlessness on a fast‐rotating clinostat. Control experiments on the ground under hyper‐gravity on a low‐speed centrifuge microscope and on a vibration test facility proved that the observed effects were caused exclusively by the reduction of gravity.
Research Note: Modelling Tourism Demand – an Econometric Analysis of North American Tourist Expenditure in Ireland, 1985–2004

The monetary contribution of inbound North American tourism to the Irish exchequer is economically substantial, generating more tourist revenue earnings per capita in Ireland than visitors from any other country. The purpose of this paper is to present a macroeconometric analysis of North American tourist expenditure in Ireland, thus providing an insight into the effects on expenditure patterns of the adjustment of key macroeconomic variables. Using an econometric causal model, key macroeconomic and demographic variables are regressed on real expenditure of the North American, US and Canadian regions. Among the main findings, it is revealed that the real exchange rate variable and the over-45 age cohort exert a positive and statistically significant result in the case of all three regions. The paper acknowledges that appropriate strategies are required to maximize the potential of those subsectors providing the greatest ‘value for entry’ from an Irish tourism perspective to enable the future proliferation of inbound revenues for the tourism industry.
Executive Compensation and Principal-Agent Theory

The empirical literature on executive compensation generally fails to specify a model of executive pay on which to base and test hypotheses regarding its determinants. In contrast, this paper analyzes a simple principal-agent model to determine how well it explains variations in CEO incentive pay and salaries. Many findings are consistent with the basic intuition of principal-agent models that compensation is structured to trade off incentives with insurance. However, statistical significance for some of the effects is weak, although the magnitudes are large. Also, there is little evidence of the use of relative performance pay. Nevertheless, while puzzles remain, it seems clear that principal-agent considerations play a role in setting executive compensation.
Debugging systems at the source language level

One of the most important and time-consuming phases of programming is the testing of a program to insure that it works properly. I t is therefore worthwhile to consider systems for facilitating this phase. In this paper the design of systems for mechanizing these tests is considered. A system for mechanizing debugging at the problem-oriented language (POL) level is described. This system facilitates program testing and minimizes the possibilities of introducing errors in the testing process. The system is well suited to organizations that need debugging facilities tha t are not provided by the compiler being used. The debugging system has been implemented for FORTRAN aS the source,, language and could be easily adapted to other problem-oriented languages. The implementation of the processor for mechanized debugging depends only on the POL syntax and is independent of the compiler. The syntax table approach of Irons [1] is used which provides that changes in the processor may be easily made to accommodate changes in the source language.
Thrombospondin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Are Cyclically Expressed in an Inverse Pattern During Bovine Ovarian Follicle Development1

Abstract Angiogenesis does not normally occur in most adult tissues. However, in the ovary, there are cyclical vascular changes including angiogenesis that involve the interaction of numerous cytokines and growth factors. Angiogenic processes are regulated by a balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of the antiangiogenic thrombospondin family and proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in various sizes of healthy bovine follicles. Ovaries were collected from slaughterhouse animals and healthy follicles were sorted based on size (<0.5 cm, small; 0.5–1.0 cm, medium; >1.0 cm, large). Thrombospondin (TSP) protein levels were significantly higher in small follicles. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the granulosa layer as the primary area within the follicle involved in TSP generation and that small follicles had the highest proportion of immunopositive cells. TSP-1 and -2 mRNA levels were significantly higher in small follicles than either medium or large follicles. TSP colocalized with CD36 on granulosa cells (GC) in the follicle and in cultured cells. In contrast with TSP, VEGF expression increased during growth and development of the follicle. FSH stimulated GC expression of TSP, while LH had no effect. In summary, TSP-1 and -2 were coordinately expressed in the extravascular compartment of the ovary during early follicle development. VEGF was inversely expressed, with expression increasing as follicles developed. Regulated expression and localization of these proteins suggests that they may be involved in regulating growth and development of the follicle in a novel fashion.
Dynamic decode and forward for the multi-access relay channel with finite block length

The dynamic decode-and-forward (DDF) protocol for the multiple access relay channel (MARC) with quasi static fading is evaluated using the Zheng-Tse diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT). We assume that there are two users, one half-duplex relay, and a common destination, each equipped with single antenna. For the Rayleigh fading channel, the DDF protocol is well known and has been analyzed in terms of the DMT with the infinite block length assumption by Azarian et al. However, to make the protocol feasible, the practical constraint of finite block length must be enforced, which may result in a loss in the DMT. Another practical effect not considered in the infinite block length DDF protocol is the possible decoding error at the relay. By carefully dealing with these practical issues due to finite block length, we characterize the finite block length DMT of the DDF protocol. We further consider the situation where the destination does not have a priori knowledge of the relay decision time at which the relay switches from listening to transmitting, and show that the optimal DMT is still achievable as if there is no decoding error at the relay. Therefore, the assumption of error-free decoding at the relay and additional protocol overhead to communicate the decision time are not needed for the DDF to achieve the optimal DMT.
A pilot study of serotonergic modulation after long‐term administration of oxytocin in autism spectrum disorder

Oxytocin (OT) and the serotonergic system putatively play important roles in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) etiology and symptoms, but no direct neurobiological evidence exists for long‐term OT administration effects on the brain's serotonergic system. This pilot study examined 10 male participants with ASD who were administered OT intranasally for 8–10 weeks in an open‐label, single‐arm, nonrandomized, and uncontrolled manner. Positron emission tomography (PET) with a radiotracer (11C)−3‐amino‐4‐(2‐[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenylthio)benzonitrile (11C‐DASB) was used before and after OT treatment. The binding potential of serotonin transporter (11C‐DASB BPND) was then estimated. The main outcome measures were changes in 11C‐DASB BPND and their correlation with changes in symptoms. ASD participants showed significantly elevated 11C‐DASB BPND in the left inferior frontal gyrus extending to the left middle frontal gyrus. No significant correlation was found between the change in any clinical symptom and the change in 11C‐DASB BPND. This report of a pilot study is the first describing long‐term effects of OT on the brain's serotonin system in ASD. Additional randomized controlled studies must be conducted to confirm whether activation of the serotonergic system contributes to the prosocial effect of OT in people with ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 821–828. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gas tamponade and cyclocryotherapy of a chronic cyclodialysis cleft

Aims: To describe a minimally invasive technique to treat a chronic large cyclodialysis cleft that had failed to respond to medical therapy. Methods: A 51-year-old man with a history of blunt trauma developed a unilateral chronic ocular hypotony. He was treated with topical atropine 1% for 3 months. 12 months later, the patient was referred to our glaucoma service for evaluation and treatment of persistent hypotony. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) displayed a cyclodialysis cleft extending from the 6 to 12 o’clock positions. B-scan echography revealed a peripheral choroidal effusion. A single bubble of 20% sulfur hexafluoride was injected into the vitreous cavity and transconjunctival cyclocryotherapy was performed. Results: After gas absorption, intraocular pressure increased to 12 mm Hg and became steady during the follow-up. B-scan echography showed the disappearance of choroidal effusion, and UBM displayed a complete closure of the cyclodialysis cleft from the 6 to 8:30 o’clock positions and from the 9:30 to 12 o’clock positions. A small cleft extending from the 8:30 to the 9:30 positions remained after the treatment, but the distance between the scleral spur and the ciliary boby decreased, and the cleft was limited at the back due to the scar formation. Conclusion: Gas tamponade with cyclocryotherapy represents a minimally invasive technique that is worth considering for patients with cyclodialysis clefts associated with a shallow anterior chamber and that had failed to respond to medical therapy. This technique should be useful in cases of cyclodialysis clefts that are not amenable to treatment with more conservative efforts.
Health and Wellness Benefits of Travel Experiences

Tourism has been widely regarded as a mentally and physically healthy pursuit. Thus, recent studies in tourism have paid more attention to the benefits of travel experiences. However, most studies pertaining to the topic have been conducted in the fields of organizational behavior and health science. Therefore, this research attempts to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the health and wellness benefits of travel. The results revealed that positive effects of travel experiences on perceived health and wellness have been demonstrated by multiple studies. These benefits have been found to gradually diminish after a vacation. It was also found that there is a lack of research demonstrating the positive effect of travel experiences on physical health. Based on these findings, directions for future research are addressed.
Characterization of a set of tumor suppressor microRNAs in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

A set of microRNAs that target the Myb oncogene may function as tumor suppressors in T cell leukemia. Identifying Tumor Suppressor miRNAs MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that posttranscriptionally block gene expression. Multiple miRNAs can target the same gene and multiple genes can be repressed by a single miRNA, creating complex redundancy. Sanghvi et al. used a bioinformatics approach to identify miRNAs that had nonredundant tumor suppressor activity. The authors cataloged all of the miRNAs that were decreased in abundance in cells from T-ALL leukemia patients compared to T cells from normal subjects. Five miRNAs that individually inhibited the proliferation of T-ALL cells in vitro were identified, and bioinformatics analysis showed that these miRNAs converged on the oncogene Myb. The transcription factor Myc, a key driver of T-ALL, repressed the expression of these Myb-targeting miRNAs. Studies of a mouse model of T-ALL showed that the abundance of these miRNAs was associated with delayed development of disease and increased survival. The posttranscriptional control of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs) is highly redundant, and compensatory effects limit the consequences of the inactivation of individual miRNAs. This implies that only a few miRNAs can function as effective tumor suppressors. It is also the basis of our strategy to define functionally relevant miRNA target genes that are not under redundant control by other miRNAs. We identified a functionally interconnected group of miRNAs that exhibited a reduced abundance in leukemia cells from patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). To pinpoint relevant target genes, we applied a machine learning approach to eliminate genes that were subject to redundant miRNA-mediated control and to identify those genes that were exclusively targeted by tumor-suppressive miRNAs. This strategy revealed the convergence of a small group of tumor suppressor miRNAs on the Myb oncogene, as well as their effects on HBP1, which encodes a transcription factor. The expression of both genes was increased in T-ALL patient samples, and each gene promoted the progression of T-ALL in mice. Hence, our systematic analysis of tumor suppressor miRNA action identified a widespread mechanism of oncogene activation in T-ALL.