Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caspases‐2, ‐3, and ‐7 are involved in thapsigargin‐induced apoptosis of SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells

Caspase‐2 has been reported to play a role in the cell death observed under a number of different conditions; however, it is unclear whether caspase‐2 plays a role in cell death triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The purpose of this study was to determine whether caspase‐2 is involved in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cell death caused by thapsigargin‐induced ER stress. Thapsigargin treatment (1 μM, 16 hr) stimulated the proteolytic processing of caspases‐2, ‐3, and ‐7, suggesting that these caspases are activated by ER stress. The role of these caspases in thapsigargin‐induced cell death was examined by using cell‐permeable caspase inhibitors. In the absence of pretreatment with caspase inhibitors, thapsigargin (0.1 μM, 20 hr) reduced the number of viable cells to 53.9% ± 3.3% of starting‐time control. Pretreatment for 90 min with either the pan‐caspase inhibitor Z‐VAD‐FMK or the caspase‐2‐selective inhibitor Z‐VDVAD‐FMK inhibited thapsigargin‐stimulated cell death, resulting in the number of viable cells being 115.6% ± 5.3% (P < 0.001) and 69.3% ± 2.9% (P < 0.01), respectively, of starting‐time control. Neither the caspase‐3‐ and ‐7‐selective inhibitor Z‐DEVD‐FMK nor the caspase‐9‐selective inhibitor Z‐LEHD‐FMK significantly affected thapsigargin‐stimulated cell death. An anticaspase‐12‐reactive protein was also identified in SH‐SY5Y cells, but thapsigargin had no effect on proteolysis of this protein. These data demonstrate that caspases‐2, ‐3, and ‐7 are involved in ER stress‐mediated death of SH‐SY5Y cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distributed power control for energy conservation in hybrid cellular network with Device-to-Device communication

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication has been proposed as a promising implementation of green communication to benefit the existed cellular network. In order to limit cross-tier interference while explore the gain of short-range communication, we devise a series of distributed power control (DPC) schemes for energy conservation (EC) and enhancement of radio resource utilization in the hybrid system. Firstly, a constrained opportunistic power control model is built up to take advantage of the interference avoidance methodology in the presence of service requirement and power constraint. Then, biasing scheme and admission control are added to evade ineffective power consumption and maintain the feasibility of the system. Upon feasibility, a non-cooperative game is further formulated to exploit the proft in EC with minor influence on spectral efficiency (SE). The convergence of the DPC schemes is validated and their performance is confrmed via simulation results.
Design and fabrication of an ac-electro-osmosis micropump with 3D high-aspect-ratio electrodes using only SU-8

Lab-on-a-chip devices require integrated pumping and fluid control in microchannels. A recently developed mechanism that can produce fluid flow is an integrated ac-electro-osmosis micropump. However, like most electrokinetic pumps, ac-electro-osmotic pumps are incapable of handling backpressure as the pumping force mechanism acts on the surface of the fluid rather than the bulk. This paper presents a novel 3D electrode structure designed to overcome this limitation. The electrodes are fabricated using carbon-MEMS technology based on the pyrolysis of the photo-patternable polymer SU-8. The novel ac-electro-osmosis micropump shows an increase in the flow velocity compared to planar electrodes.
On the possibility of conditional adversarial networks for multi-sensor image matching

A major research area in remote sensing is the problem of multi-sensor data fusion. Especially the combination of images acquired by different sensor types, e.g. active and passive, is a difficult task. Over the last years deep learning methods have proven their high potential for remote sensing applications. In this paper we will show how a deep learning method can be valuable for the problem of optical and SAR image matching. We investigate the possible of conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) for the generation of artificial templates. Contrary to common template generation approaches for image matching, the generation of templates using cGANs does not require the extraction of features. Our results show the possibility of realistic SAR-like template generation from optical images through cGANs and the potential of these templates for enhancing the matching of optical and SAR images by means of reliability and accuracy.
Sparks Cases in Contemporary Law and Economic Scholarship

“Sparks cases” arose in the late 19th century, when sparks from newly laid railroads caused fire damage to adjacent landowners. Sparks cases have become a staple example in law and economic scholarship over the last generation. This entry uses those cases to contrast the differences between leading approaches to law and economics and Austrian economics. Sparks cases illustrate concretely important differences between welfare-maximizing and order-securing legal theories of regulation. Many leading law and economic works assume that legal actors can maximize the welfare created from incompatible resource disputes; in sparks cases, such theories assume that legal actors may and should choose the regime of tort liability most likely to maximize the joint product from a railroad right of way and adjacent land. Austrian economics focus on basic ordering, for it presumes that information shortfalls, subjective value, and changing resource uses all make it prohibitively difficult for legal actors to identify the highest and best uses of resources in conflict. In such constraints, the tort principles that regulate sparks disputes should be designed around simple and clear property boundaries, so that railroad operators are strictly liable for fires caused on land owners’ lots by sparks from their trains. This basic Austrian critique may be applied in other, more recent, and more complex fields of regulation. If scholars hope to expose a wider audience of legal scholars to this critique, however, they must integrate Austrian themes better into the normative frameworks and scholarly categories applied by legal scholars.
Exercise as an Intervention to Mitigate Decreased Cognitive Function From Cancer and Cancer Treatment: An Integrative Review

Background: Decreased cognitive function associated with non–central nervous system cancers and cancer treatment significantly affects cancer survivors’ quality of life. Exercise may be an effective intervention to mitigate decreased cognitive function. Objective: The aim of this article is to conduct an integrative review to summarize and critique the available evidence related to the use of exercise as a potential intervention for decreased cognitive function from cancer and cancer treatment. Methods: We conducted an integrative review through January 2016 utilizing PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Broad inclusion criteria included any quantitative study in which cognitive outcomes were reported in relationship to any type of exercise for adult cancer survivors. Effect sizes were calculated when possible based on available data. Results: Twenty-six studies were included for review. The majority of studies (including aerobic or resistance exercise as well as mindfulness-based exercise) were associated with some improved cognitive outcomes. However, studies varied significantly in levels of evidence, cognitive domains assessed, and types of cognitive measures. Less than half of the studies included objective measures of cognitive function. Conclusions: The evidence shows promising trends for the use of exercise as a potential intervention for improving cognitive function following cancer and cancer treatment, but questions remain concerning exercise type, timing of initiation, intensity, frequency, and duration. Implications for Practice: Additional research is warranted to understand how various types of exercise influence cognitive function in the cancer survivor population and to better understand the mechanisms driving these effects. Trial designs that include both objective and subjective measures of cognitive function are needed.
Power efficient rapid hardware development using CoDel and automated clock gating

We present a platform for rapidly developing power efficient hardware architectures. We have developed a new language, called CoDeL, which allows hardware description at the algorithm level, and thus dramatically reduces design time. We have extended CoDeL to automatically insert clock gating at the behavioral level to reduce dynamic power dissipation in the resulting architecture. This is, to our knowledge, the first hardware design environment that allows an algorithmic description of a component and yet produces a power aware design. To estimate the power savings, we have developed an estimation framework, which is shown to be consistent with the power savings obtained using statistical power analysis using Synopsys tools. To evaluate our platform we use the CoDeL implementation of a two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform using the lifting technique. A simulation based power analysis on the designed circuit shows that CoDeL's clock gating reduces the power dissipation by up to 80%
On delirium

Received: 21 January 11 Accepted: 26 January 11 Published: 21 February 11 Surg Neurol Int 2011, 2:20 This article is available from: http://www.surgicalneurologyint. com/content/1/2/20 Copyright: © 2011 Stout RA. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Fuzzy Logic Controllers for Specialty Vehicles Using a Combination of Phase Plane Analysis and Variable Universe Approach

For the control request of specialty vehicles, this paper combines a phase plane analysis with the variable universe fuzzy control technique. Moreover, we develop a new systemic design strategy for the adaptive fuzzy logic controller. With the phase plane analysis, the complete rule base that consists of few key rules can be objectively established, which avoids the irrationality introduced into the process via the subjectivity of the designer of the fuzzy controllers. Furthermore, with the variable universe, the design requirements of the membership functions can be relaxed. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the performance of the fuzzy logic controller can be enhanced despite the limited number of fuzzy rules in the rule base. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the stability of the close-loop system can be guaranteed. Simulation results of a double inverted pendulum demonstrate the feasibility of the design strategy for the adaptive fuzzy logic controller, which simplifies the design of the fuzzy logic controller and ensures control. The application of this design strategy can significantly lighten the burden for fuzzy logic controller designers and shorten the development period of the fuzzy logic controller.
Recruitment of the Cell Cycle Checkpoint Kinase ATR to Chromatin during S-phase*

The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and Rad3-related kinase (ATR) is a central component of the cell cycle checkpoint machinery required to induce cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for ATR in signaling DNA damage during S-phase. Here we show that ATR is recruited to nuclear foci induced by replication fork stalling in a manner that is dependent on the single stranded binding protein replication protein A (RPA). ATR associates with chromatin in asynchronous cell cultures, and we use a variety of approaches to examine the association of ATR with chromatin in the absence of agents that cause genotoxic stress. Under our experimental conditions, ATR exhibits a decreased affinity for chromatin in quiescent cells and cells synchronized at mitosis but an increased affinity for chromatin as cells re-enter the cell cycle. Using centrifugal elutriation to obtain cells enriched at various stages of the cell cycle, we show that ATR associates with chromatin in a cell cycle-dependent manner, specifically during S-phase. Cell cycle association of ATR with chromatin mirrors that of RPA in addition to claspin, a cell cycle checkpoint protein previously shown to be a component of the replication machinery. Furthermore, association of ATR with chromatin occurs in the absence of detectable DNA damage and cell cycle checkpoint activation. These data are consistent with a model whereby ATR is recruited to chromatin during the unperturbed cell cycle and points to a role of ATR in monitoring genome integrity during normal S-phase progression.
A Novel Stability Analysis for Networked Predictive Control Systems

Networked predictive control (NPC) is an effective technique to compensate for transmission delays and packet dropout in networked control systems (NCS). By introducing an auxiliary error variable, in this brief, the NCS with NPC is transformed to a coupled switched system. Then, based on the switched system theory and the small gain theorem, anew stability criterion is developed under the restrictions of unstable sampling point rate. As a special case that all switched systems are Schur stable, the proposed criterion is equivalent to existing ones. The proposed stability criterion is much less conservative than existing ones, as shown from both theory and numerical simulations.
Pharmacotherapy for Neuropathic Pain

Abstract: Refractory neuropathic pain can be devastating to a patient's quality of life. Ideally, the primary goal of therapy would be to prevent the pain, yet even the most appropriate treatment strategy may be only able to reduce the pain to a more tolerable level. Pharmacotherapy is currently the mainstay of treatment in patients with neuropathic pain, although at present the drugs are used on a mainly “off‐label” basis. A wide variety of agents are used, especially antidepressants (ie, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin‐reuptake inhibitors) and anticonvulsants, but also opioids and tramadol, topical agents (eg, lidocaine), systemic local anesthetics, and anti‐inflammatories. Even so, effective pain relief is achieved in less than half of patients with chronic neuropathic pain. In refractory patients, combination therapy using two agents with synergistic mechanisms of action may offer greater pain relief without compromising the side‐effect profile of each agent.
Enhanced cellular radiosensitivity induced by cofilin-1 over-expression is associated with reduced DNA repair capacity

Abstract Purpose: A previous report has indicated that over-expression of cofilin-1 (CFL-1), a member of the actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin protein family, enhances cellular radiosensitivity. This study explores the involvement of various DNA damage responses and repair systems in the enhanced cellular radiosensitivity as well as assessing the role of CFL-1 phosphorylation in radiosensitivity. Materials and methods: Human non-small lung cancer H1299 cells harboring a tet-on gene expression system were used to induce exogenous expression of wild-type CFL-1. Colony formation assays were used to determine cell survival after γ-ray exposure. DNA damage levels were determined by Comet assay. DNA repair capacity was assessed by fluorescence-based DNA repair analysis and antibody detection of various repair proteins. The effects of CFL-1 phosphorylation on radiation responses were explored using two mutant CFL-1 proteins, S3D and S3A. Finally, endogenous CFL-1 phosphorylation levels were investigated using latrunculin A (LA), cytochalasin B (CB) and Y27632. Results: When phosphorylatable CFL-1 was expressed, radiosensitivity was enhanced after exposure to γ-rays and this was accompanied by DNA damage. Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) and p53-binding protein-1 (53BP1) foci, as well as Chk1/2 phosphorylation, were apparently suppressed, although ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase activation was apparently unaffected. In addition, two radiation-induced double-strand break (DSB) repair systems, namely homologous recombination repair (HRR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), were suppressed. Moreover, over-expression of CFL-1 S3D and CFL-1 S3A both enhanced radiosensitivity. However, enhanced radiosensitivity and reduced γ-H2AX expression were only detected in cells treated with LA which increased endogenous phospho-CFL-1, and not in cells treated with Y27632, which dephosphorylates CFL-1. Conclusion: CFL-1 over-expression enhances radiosensitivity and this is associated with reduced DNA repair capacity. Although phosphorylated CFL-1 seems to be involved in radiosensitivity, further studies are required to address the importance of CFL-1 activity to the regulation of radiosensitivity.
Characterisation of heterogeneities and evaluation of properties of nuclear grade graphite

Graphite is one of the promising candidates to be used in the next-generation first breeder reactors as a moderator against first moving neutron effluence. During interaction with the neutron, substantial change in microstructure and mechanical and thermal properties occur for graphite. This affects its in-reactor performance. The changes depend on the characteristics of as received virgin material. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize as-received graphite accurately. This paper reports the microstructural characterisation of different nuclear graphite. Four different nuclear graphites were obtained from open source through end-user and were examined in the optical microscope. Quantification of microstructural features was carried out by Analysis Five software. A considerable number of pores with cracks were seen within the matrix. The pores and crack size distribution were found in the range of 0-10 µm2 to a 400-1000 µm2 for the investigated samples. The majority of the pores and cracks were seen within the range of 10-100 µm2 area. The total porosity was to the tune of 9.25 - 5.78%. Pores and cracks of a broad variety of the size were found, and which were uniformly distributed. The theoretical density was calculated from the obtained pores and cracks percentage data. There was no correlation found between the pores and the cracks density (no of pores and cracks per mm2) and the theoretical density of the graphite samples. Density was found to be independent of sizes of pores and cracks of nuclear graphite.
A region based fingerprinting for hardware Trojan detection and diagnosis

In today's scenario, any design is vulnerable to third party attackers like Hardware Trojan depends on their accessibility to the design. Hardware Trojans are the pernicious circuitry which are added to an original design by an attacker. These Trojans may lead to erroneous output of a system or even can incapacitate the design. Hence there is a demand for detecting the Trojans. The proposed method segments the whole design into small regions and generates fingerprint out of those. The number of fingerprints again reduced by selection of only regions containing low activity nodes in the first iteration due to the probability of inserting a Trojan in the low activity node is more. Segmentation helps to improve to locate where exactly the Trojan is inserted. This proposed method is suitable to detect Trojans which gets activated by aging or Trojan that gets activated after a specific time period. Hamming distance Pattern optimization technique improves the toggling inside the regions which makes the Trojan effect more observable. Proposed algorithm is implemented and validated using ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits.
Ocean surface current prediction based on HF radar observations using trajectory-oriented association rule mining

HF (high frequency) coastal radar system is used to capture the surface current behavior — in terms of velocity and direction — in the ocean near the coast. 18 HF coastal radar stations were implemented along the Gulf of Thailand in order to monitor for disasters (e.g., Tsunami) as well as relevant risks. The HF systems are also to serve other life-critical applications, such as water quality control and monitoring, chemical spill backtracking, and marine navigation. However, not all the applications can benefit from this near-real-time HF data; some applications in different domains require forecast values. The examples include search-and-rescue system and hazardous materials spill trajectory prediction. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a predictive model for future current data based on historical HF coastal radar data sets, utilizing association rule mining combined with an object dispersion concept. So, the full potential of HF radar systems can be exploited. The spatial and temporal dimensions are taken into account when designing our predictive system, which consists of two phases: ocean surface current track formulation and spatio-temporal association rule mining. The experiments are performed on a two-year HF radar dataset (2014–2015) using Google Cloud Platform. The resulting forecast current values: velocity and direction are then compared with testing datasets (using 10-fold cross validation) of the actual recorded values and evaluated based on percentage accuracy and RMSE, respectively.
Rare platelet GPCR variants: what can we learn?

Platelet‐expressed GPCRs are critical regulators of platelet function. Pharmacological blockade of these receptors forms a powerful therapeutic tool in the treatment and prevention of arterial thrombosis associated with coronary atherosclerosis and ischaemic stroke. However, anti‐thrombotic drug therapy is associated with high inter‐patient variability in therapeutic response and adverse bleeding side effects. In order to optimize the use of existing anti‐platelet drugs and to develop new therapies, more detailed knowledge is required relating to the molecular mechanisms that regulate GPCR and therefore platelet function. One approach has been to identify rare, function‐disrupting mutations within key platelet proteins in patients with bleeding disorders. In this review, we describe how an integrated functional genomics strategy has contributed important structure‐function information about platelet GPCRs with specific emphasis upon purinergic and thromboxane A2 receptors. We also discuss the potential implications these findings have for pharmacotherapy and for understanding the molecular basis of mild bleeding disorders.
An Extended Virtual Force-Based Approach to Distributed Self-Deployment in Mobile Sensor Networks

Virtual physics based approach is one of the major solutions for self-deployment in mobile sensor networks with stochastic distribution of nodes. To overcome the connectivity maintenance and nodes stacking problems in the traditional virtual force algorithm (VFA), an extended virtual force-based approach is investigated to achieve the ideal deployment. In low- R c VFA, the orientation force is proposed to guarantee the continuous connectivity. While in high- R c VFA, a judgment of distance force between node and its faraway nodes is considered for preventing node stacking from nonplanar connectivity. Simulation results show that self-deployment by the proposed extended virtual force approach can effectively reach the ideal deployment in the mobile sensor networks with different ratio of communication range to sensing range. Furthermore, it gets better performance in coverage rate, distance uniformity, and connectivity uniformity than prior VFA.