Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
α2‐Adrenergic drugs modulate the binding of [18F]fallypride to dopamine D2/3 receptors in striatum of living mouse

Aim. To test for α2 adrenergic modulation of dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in striatum of living mice using the high‐affinity ligand [18F]fallypride and microPET. Methods. Groups of anesthetized mice were pretreated with saline, the α2‐agonist clonidine (1 mg/kg), and the α2‐antagonists RX821002 (1 mg/kg) and yohimbine (1 mg/kg). Dynamic microPET recordings lasting 120 min were then initiated upon i.v. tracer injection of [18F]fallypride. Parametric maps of [18F]fallypride binding potential (BPND) were calculated using the Logan method, with cerebellum serving as the reference region. Results. Mean striatal [18F]fallypride BPND was 10.6 ± 1.7 in the saline control animals, 8.9 ± 1.7 (−16%; P < 0.05) in the RX821002 group, 8.3 ± 2.6 (−22%; P < 0.05) in the yohimbine group and 10.3 ± 2.2 (n.s.) in the clonidine group. Conclusions. These findings are consistent with a tonic inhibition of dopamine release by α2 adrenergic receptors, such that α2 blockade increased the competition from endogenous dopamine at D2/3 receptors, thus reducing the [18F]fallypride BPND by about 20%. Absent effects of clonidine suggest a ceiling effect in the tonic inhibition of dopamine release. This in vivo PET evidence for α2/dopaminergic interaction may be relevant to putative actions of atypical antipsychotic medications via adrenergic receptors. Synapse, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PR ] 7 M ay 2 01 8 Metastability in Stochastic Replicator Dynamics

We consider a novel model of stochastic replicator dynamics for potential games that converts to a Langevin equation on a sphere after a change of variables. This is distinct from the models of stochastic replicator dynamics studied earlier. In particular, it is ill-posed due to non-uniqueness of solutions, but is amenable to a natural selection principle that picks a unique solution. The model allows us to make specific statements regarding metastable states such as small noise asymptotics for mean exit times from their domain of attraction, and quasi-stationary measures. We illustrate the general results by specializing them to replicator dynamics on graphs and demonstrate that the numerical experiments support theoretical predictions.
Performance Analysis of Routing Metrics for Wireless Sensor Networks

: A wireless sensor network is a heterogeneous network consisting of a large number of tiny low-cost nodes and one or more base stations. Each sensor node comprises sensing, processing, transmission, mobilize, position finding system, and power units. These networks can use in various applications like military, health and commercial. Routing in wireless sensor networks has been an active area of research for many years. Sensor nodes have a limited transmission range, processing, storage capabilities and energy resources are also limited. In wireless sensor networks data is forwarded using multi-hop mechanism. Therefore, a variety of routing metrics has been proposed by various authors in wireless sensor networks for providing routing algorithms with high flexibility in the selection of best path and offering a compromise between throughput, end-to-end delay, and energy consumption. In this paper, we present a detailed survey about existing routing metrics in wireless sensor networks. The routing metrics are also compared based on their essential characteristics and tabulated.
A NEW 2D CORNER DETECTOR FOR EXTRACTING LANDMARKS FROM MEDICAL IMAGES

Point-based registration of images strongly depends on the extraction of suitable landmarks. Recently, various 2D operators have been proposed for the detection of corner points but most of them are not effective for medical images that need a high accuracy. In this paper we have proposed a new automatic corner detector based on the covariance between the small region of support around a central pixel and its rotated one. The main goal of this paper is medical images so we especially focus on extracting brain MR image’s control points which play an important role in accuracy of registration. This approach has been improved by refined localization through a differential edge intersection approach proposed by Karl Rohr. This method is robust to rotation, transition and scaling and in comparison with other grayscale methods has better results particularly for the brain MR images and also has acceptable robustness to distortion which is a common incident in brain surgeries. In the first part of this paper we describe the algorithm and in the second part we investigate the results of this algorithm on different MR images and its ability to detect corresponding points under elastic deformation and noise. It turns out that this method: 1)detect larger number of corresponding points that the other operators, 2)its performance on the basis of the statistical measures is better, and 3)by choosing a suitable region of support, it can significantly decrease the number of false detection.
Interpretation of Quasi Periodic Variations in Solar Cosmic Ray Data

Quasi periodic oscillations have been found in both solar and galactic cosmic ray data. In order to give an explanation for such variations we investigated the variability of the large-scale solar magnetic field. We applied the wavelet technique for spectral analysis of the photospheric magnetic field obtained from the National Solar Observatory at Kitt Peak, for the period 1977 ÷ 2004. The analysis was performed in 36 latitude bands. Several quasiperiodic oscillations in the range of about 2-4 yr were detected. We also tried to discriminate the fundamental modes of field variability from spurious components, by applying different filters to the data. Moreover, we located in solar latitude and height the space domain of the oscillations. The relationship between the variability of solar magnetic field and the solar cosmic ray flux is discussed.
Curvelet-Wavelet Regularized Split Bregman Iteration for Compressed Sensing

Compressed sensing is a new concept in signal processing. Assuming that a signal can be represented or approximated by only a few suitably chosen terms in a frame expansion, compressed sensing allows one to recover this signal from much fewer samples than the Shannon–Nyquist theory requires. Many images can be sparsely approximated in expansions of suitable frames as wavelets, curvelets, wave atoms and others. Generally, wavelets represent point-like features while curvelets represent line-like features well. For a suitable recovery of images, we propose models that contain weighted sparsity constraints in two different frames. Given the incomplete measurements f = Φu + ϵ with the measurement matrix Φ ∈ ℝK × N, K ≪ N, we consider a jointly sparsity-constrained optimization problem of the form ${{\rm argmin}}_{u} \{ \|\Lambda_{c} \Psi_c u \|_{1} + \|\Lambda_{w} \Psi_w u \|_{1} + \frac{1}{2} \|f - \Phi u \|_{2}^2}\}$. Here Ψc and Ψw are the transform matrices corresponding to the two frames, and the diagona.
A Cost-Efficient Look-Up Table Based Binary Coded Decimal Adder Design

The BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) being the more accurate and human-readable representation with ease of conversion, is prevailing in the computing and electronic communication.In this paper, a tree-structured parallel BCD addition algorithm is proposed with the reduced time complexity. BCD adder is more effective with a LUT (Look-Up Table)-based design, due to FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) technology's enumerable benefits and applications. A size-minimal and depth-minimal LUT-based BCD adder circuit construction is the main contribution of this paper.
ON THE LENGTH OF ASYMPTOTIC PATHS OF MEROMORPHIC FUNCTIONS OF ORDER ZERO

We use the usual notation of the Nevanlinna theory. We shall consider the following problem of Erdös (Clunie and Hayman [2, Problem 2.a\): Suppose that/is an entire function of finite order and iis a locally rectifiable path on which f(z)**. Let I(r, f) be the length of . f in lrl=r. Find aparh for which l(r, f) grows as slowly as possible and estimate I(r,f) in terms of M(r,f). If/has zero order, or, more generally, finite order, can a path . l. be found for which l(r,f):g1v) as r*-? First we shall consider the case when we may choose a ray for i-. We denote by U(a, r) the open disc lz-al-r. Following Hayman [4], we say that the union of the open discs U(aoorn), n:1,2,. , is an e-set if an** as n+@ and the series Zr"lla"l converges. We note that if f(z)-a as z+@ outside an €-set, then a is a radial asymptotic value of f; in fact, f(reie)*a as r+ @ for almost all g. Hayman [4] has shown that if/is an entire function satisfying T(r,f):9(11og r)2), then tog lf(z)l : (t a o 1t1) r (lrl, f) as z+ outside an e-set. Anderson [l] proved that if/is a meromorphic function such that 6(*,7)=0 and T(2r,f)-T(r,.f) : o(r1r,1) (og log r)-1, then ,t^iotffi= ö(*,J)
Border surveillance monitoring using Quadcopter UAV-Aided Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper we propose a novel cooperative border surveillance solution, composed of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) deployed terrestrially to detect and track trespassers, and a set of lightweight unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs) in the form of quadcopters that interact with the deployed WSN to improve the border surveillance, the detection and investigation of network failures, the maintenance of the sensor network, the tracking of trespasser, the capture and transmission of realtime video of the intrusion scene, and the response to hostage situations. A heuristic-based scheduling algorithm is described to optimize the tracking mission by increasing the rate of detected trespassers spotted by the quadcopters. Together with the design of the electrical, mechanical and software architecture of the proposed VTail quadcopter, we develop in this paper powerless techniques to accurately localize terrestrial sensors using RFID technology, compute the optimal positions of the new sensors to drop, relay data between isolated islands of nodes, and wake up sensors to track intruders. The developed VTail prototype is tested to provide valid and accurate parameters’ values to the simulation. The latter is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed WSN-based surveillance solution.
Real-Time Forecasting of EV Charging Station Scheduling for Smart Energy Systems

The enormous growth in the penetration of electric vehicles (EVs), has laid the path to advancements in the charging infrastructure. Connectivity between charging stations is an essential prerequisite for future EV adoption to alleviate user’s “range anxiety”. The existing charging stations fail to adopt power provision, allocation and scheduling management. To improve the existing charging infrastructure, data based on real-time information and availability of reserves at charging stations could be uploaded to the users to help them locate the nearest charging station for an EV. This research article focuses on an a interactive user application developed through SQL and PHP platform to allocate the charging slots based on estimated battery parameters, which uses data communication with charging stations to receive the slot availability information. The proposed server-based real-time forecast charging infrastructure avoids waiting times and its scheduling management efficiently prevents the EV from halting on the road due to battery drain out. The proposed model is implemented using a low-cost microcontroller and the system etiquette tested.
A More Precise Model of Noise Based PCMOS Errors

In this paper we present a new model for characterization of probabilistic gates. While still not mainstream, probabilistic CMOS has the potential to dramatically reduce energy consumption by trading off with error rates on individual bits, e.g., least significant bits of an adder. Our contribution helps account for the filtering effect seen in noise based PCMOS in a novel way. The characterization proposed here can enable accurate multi-bit models based on fast mathematical extrapolation instead of expensive and slow HSPICE simulations.
Litterfall production in forests located at the Pre-delta area of the Paraná River (Argentina)

Abstract• The objectives of this study were to measure litterfall production of the four floodplain forest types and to analyze the relationship between litterfall (forest type, dominant species, and organic fractions) and flood pulses. • Litterfall production was measured in two mono-specific stands of Salix humboldtiana or Tessaria integrifolia, respectively, and two mixed forests dominated by A. inundata or Nectandra angustifolia, during 1998 and the 2000–2002 periods. • Mono-specific stands presented similar productivities (6.8 and 6.5 Mg dry matter ha−1 y−1, respectively), but differed significantly from the two other. The highest litterfall production was obtained during the large flood that occurred during 1998, decreasing later throughout the study period. Leaves were the dominant fraction of litterfall, followed by branches, flowers, and fruits. • Only S. humboldtiana, T. integrifolia and A. inundata forests showed distinct patterns of litterfall production, depending on the flooding pulse. N. angustifolia did not show a distinctive litterfall pattern. • The forests studied here presented patterns of litter production associated with the flood pulse according to its location along a topographic gradient, that controls the litter productivity of these forests. Résumé• Cette étude avait pour but de mesurer la production de litière dans quatre forêts alluviales et d’analyser les relations entre les litières (selon le type de forêt, l’espèce dominante, et des fractions organiques) et les crues du fleuve Paraná (Argentine). • La production de litière a été mesurée dans deux forêts monospécifiques de Salix humboldtiana ou de Tessaria integrifolia, et dans deux forêts mixtes où l’espèce prédominante était soit Albizia inundata soit Nectandra angustifolia. Cette étude a été menée en 1998 puis de 2000 à 2002. • Les forêts monospécifiques présentent des productions de litières similaires (6.8 et 6.5 Mg matière sèche ha−1 ans−1 respectivement) et étaient significativement différentes des deux forêts mixtes. La plus forte production de litière a été obtenue au cours de la grande crue de 1998, puis a diminué progressivement au cours du temps. Les feuilles représentaient la principale fraction des litières, tandis que les branches, les fleurs et les fruits constituent des fractions mineures. • Les forêts dominées par S. humboldtiana, T. integrifolia et A. inundata ont vu leur production de litière évoluer en fonction des crues du fleuve Parana. Ce type de relation entre crue et production de litière n’a pas été détecté dans le cas des forêts de N. angustifolia. • Il existe ainsi une relation entre la production de litière et la hauteur des crues, elle-même conditionnée par un gradient topographique, qui détermine donc la production de litière de ces forêts.
eismic tomography : A window into deep Earth

The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of the art in seismic tomography, and trace its origins from pioneering work in the early 1970s to its present status as the pre-eminent tool for imaging the Earth’s interior at a variety of scales. Due to length limitations, we cannot hope to cover every aspect of this diverse topic or include mathematical derivations of the underlying principles; rather, we will provide a largely descriptive coverage of the methodology that is targeted at readers not intimately familiar with the topic. The relative merits of local versus global parameterization, ray tracing versus wavefront tracking, backprojection versus gradient based inversion and synthetic testing
Enabling Distributed Simulation of OMNeT++ INET Models

Parallel and distributed simulation have been extensively researched for a long time. Nevertheless, many simulation models are still executed sequentially. We attribute this to the fact that many of those models are simply not capable of being executed in parallel since they violate particular constraints. In this paper, we analyze the INET model suite, which enables network simulation in OMNeT++, with regard to parallelizability. We uncovered several issues preventing parallel execution of INET models. We analyzed those issues and developed solutions allowing INET models to be run in parallel. A case study shows the feasibility of our approach. Though there are parts of the model suite that we didn't investigate yet and the performance can still be improved, the results show parallelization speedup for most configurations. The source code of our implementation is available through our web site at code.comsys. rwth-aachen.de.
Shadow Profiling: Hiding Instrumentation Costs with Parallelism

In profiling, a tradeoff exists between information and overhead. For example, hardware-sampling profilers incur negligible overhead, but the information they collect is consequently very coarse. Other profilers use instrumentation tools to gather temporal traces such as path profiles and hot memory streams, but they have high overhead. Runtime and feedback-directed compilation systems need detailed information to aggressively optimize, but the cost of gathering profiles can outweigh the benefits. Shadow profiling is a novel method for sampling long traces of instrumented code in parallel with normal execution, taking advantage of the trend of increasing numbers of cores. Each instrumented sample can be many millions of instructions in length. The primary goal is to incur negligible overhead, yet attain profile information that is nearly as accurate as a perfect profile. The profiler requires no modifications to the operating system or hardware, and is tunable to allow for greater coverage or lower overhead. We evaluate the performance and accuracy of this new profiling technique for two common types of instrumentation-based profiles: interprocedural path profiling and value profiling. Overall, profiles collected using the shadow profiling framework are 94% accurate versus perfect value profiles, while incurring less than 1% overhead. Consequently, this technique increases the viability of dynamic and continuous optimization systems by hiding the high overhead of instrumentation and enabling the online collection of many types of profiles that were previously too costly
Reported speech as an element of argumentative newspaper discourse

The present article deals with reported speech as an element of argumentation in the newspaper discourse of Great Britain viewed in the unity of its syntactic and semantic characteristics and argumentative functions. Theoretically, the research is based on the dialogic understanding of quotations, the dialogue theory by Bakhtin and contemporary argumentation theory. The proposed integral approach to reported speech combining linguistics with logic and argumentation theory revealed the relations between purely linguistic (syntactic and semantic) characteristics of reported speech with its functioning in argumentative discourse of contemporary British press.
Regional and Voxel‐Wise Comparisons of Blood Flow Measurements Between Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DSC‐MRI) and Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) in Brain Tumors

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the regional and voxel‐wise correlation between dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with brain tumors. Thirty patients with histologically verified brain tumors were evaluated in the current study. DSC‐MRI was performed by first using a preload dose of gadolinium contrast, then collecting a dynamic image acquisition during a bolus of contrast, followed by posthoc contrast agent leakage correction. Pseudocontinuous ASL was collected using 30 pairs of tag and control acquisition using a 3‐dimensional gradient‐echo spin‐echo (GRASE) acquisition. All images were registered to a high‐resolution anatomical atlas. Average CBF measurements within regions of contrast‐enhancement and T2 hyperintensity were evaluated between the two modalities. Additionally, voxel‐wise correlation between CBF measurements obtained with DSC and ASL were assessed. Results demonstrated a positive linear correlation between DSC and ASL measurements of CBF when regional average values were compared; however, a statistically significant voxel‐wise correlation was only observed in around 30‐40% of patients. These results suggest DSC and ASL may provide regionally similar, but spatially different measurements of CBF.
Expression of DBC 1 is associated with nuclear grade and HER 2 expression in breast cancer

DBC1/KIAA1967 (deleted in breast cancer 1) is a putative tumor-suppressor gene cloned from breast cancer specimens and is reported to regulate p53-dependent apoptosis through its specific inhibition of SIRT1 deacetylase. Although SIRT1 plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis by regulating cellular proliferation, survival and death, its role in breast cancer remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression status and clinicopathological significance of DBC1 and SIRT1 in breast cancer tissues. We evaluated the expression of DBC1 and SIRT1 in breast core-needle biopsy specimens from 48 primary breast cancer patients between 2005 and 2008. These patients were treated with primary systemic chemotherapy and subsequent surgical resection of the lesions. Immunohistochemical expression scores of DBC1 and SIRT1 were evaluated, and the relationship between their expression levels and clinicopathological features of breast cancer was analyzed. The expression was observed exclusively in the nuclei of normal and neoplastic ductal cells. In breast biopsy specimens, positive expression of DBC1 and SIRT1 was noted in 85 and 98% of patients, respectively. Expression of DBC1 was significantly associated with the tumor nuclear grade (P=0.019). DBC1 and SIRT1 expression was inversely correlated with HER2 expression (P=0.026 and 0.003, respectively). Lower expression of DBC1 and SIRT1 indicated a tendency for a favorable pathological response to chemotherapy, although this was not statistically significant. Our results reveal that the expression of DBC1 and SIRT1 in breast tissues is associated with tumor characteristics.
THE INTRA-INDUSTRY EFFECTS OF CHAPTER 11 FILINGS: EVIDENCE FROM ANALYSTS’ EARNINGS FORECAST REVISIONS

Shareholders suffer huge losses when firms they own file Chapter 11. Interestingly, even shareholders of rival companies experience statistically significant losses. We examine how the bad news associated with a bankruptcy filing is transferred to the filing firm's rivals. Using revisions in analysts' earnings forecasts as a proxy for changes in expected future cash flows, we find that after a bankruptcy filing the market revises downward its cash flow expectations for rivals. Regression analysis confirms a positive relation between changes in expected cash flow and stock market reactions. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that bad news associated with bankruptcy filings are transferred to rivals through reductions in expected future cash flows.