Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Opportunistic usage of TV band for multiple secondary WLAN users

This paper analyzes the possibility to introduce a WiFi type of secondary network containing multiple secondary access points (SAPs) in TV bands. In particular, the analysis investigates the limitations of TV whitespace (TVWS) usage imposed by the aggregate interference of the secondary users towards the primary and secondary system, assuming different levels of penetration of the TVWS-operating technology. The implementation of CSMA/CA MAC protocol within the secondary network has a high impact on the tolerable density of SAPs, as well as on the achievable throughput. The introduction of different TVWS sharing management can improve the secondary network deployment density and its throughput. However, the study reveals that the secondary system performance is poor regarding the achievable throughput in cases when densities of SAPs are high and comparable to the current WiFi technology penetration in urban areas.
Synthesize of Nitroge-fluorine-doped Titanium Dioxide and its Characteristics on the Degradation of Phenol

The nitrogen-fluorine-doped nano-titanium dioxide was synthetised by hydrothermal method, which was compounded at 180°C and calcined in the temperature of 500°C. With phenol taken as analog source, ultraviolet lamp as light source, the photocatalytic degradation was carried out in different reaction conditions. The results showed that, under the condition as follows: initial pH of solution was 6, dosage of catalyst was 2 g/L and oxygenated by a magnetic rotor, the ultraviolet light whose intensity was 40W, could degraded the initial concentration of 100 mg/L phenol completely in six hours by the photo catalyst.
Design of a Traveling-Wave Slot Array Power Divider Using the Method of Moments and a Genetic Algorithm

A 1-to-25-way uniform amplitude and linear phase power divider, using slotted rectangular waveguides in the traveling-wave mode, is designed to cover the 71-77-GHz band. The design employs the scattering parameters of three-port couplers computed from the method of moments (MoM) solution to the integral equation of the slot aperture field. Subsequent genetic algorithm (GA) optimization is aimed at maximizing the return loss and combining efficiency and flatness of coupling amplitudes in the whole frequency band. GA utilizes the MoM solution to the coupled integral equations of slot apertures in the entire power divider structure. Simulations indicate the optimized power divider yielding better than 26-dB return loss and greater than 86% efficiency in the 71-77-GHz band for the power divider combiner connected back to back. Computed MoM results have been validated by the commercial code HFSS and also by experimentally measured results. The measured insertion loss of two back-to-back divider-combiners is about 2 dB.
Primed T Cell Responses to Chemokines Are Regulated by the Immunoglobulin-Like Molecule CD31

CD31, an immunoglobulin-like molecule expressed by leukocytes and endothelial cells, is thought to contribute to the physiological regulation T cell homeostasis due to the presence of two immunotyrosine-based inhibitory motifs in its cytoplasmic tail. Indeed, loss of CD31 expression leads to uncontrolled T cell-mediated inflammation in a variety of experimental models of disease and certain CD31 polymorphisms correlate with increased disease severity in human graft-versus-host disease and atherosclerosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying CD31-mediated regulation of T cell responses have not yet been clarified. We here show that CD31-mediated signals attenuate T cell chemokinesis both in vitro and in vivo. This effect selectively affects activated/memory T lymphocytes, in which CD31 is clustered on the cell membrane where it segregates to the leading edge. We provide evidence that this molecular segregation, which does not occur in naïve T lymphocytes, might lead to cis-CD31 engagement on the same membrane and subsequent interference with the chemokine-induced PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. We propose that CD31-mediated modulation of memory T cell chemokinesis is a key mechanism by which this molecule contributes to the homeostatic regulation of effector T cell immunity.
Predictors of Career Decision Self-Efficacy

We examined sex, socioeconomic status (SES), classism, modern sexism, and locus of control as uniquely contributing factors to college students’ career decision self-efficacy. A total of 139 college students participated in the survey, and the hypothesis was tested with hierarchical regression. Results revealed that (a) sex and SES do not significantly contribute to classism and modern sexism to college students’ career decision self-efficacy and (b) classism and modern sexism, internality and luck uniquely contributed to college students’ career decision self-efficacy above and beyond the variances accounted for sex and SES. Results indicate the importance of classism and modern sexism over actual sex and SES in predicting college students’ career decision self-efficacy.
Information Flow in Interaction Networks

Interaction networks, consisting of agents linked by their interactions, are ubiquitous across many disciplines of modern science. Many methods of analysis of interaction networks have been proposed, mainly concentrating on node degree distribution or aiming to discover clusters of agents that are very strongly connected between themselves. These methods are principally based on graph-theory or machine learning. We present a mathematically simple formalism for modelling context-specific information propagation in interaction networks based on random walks. The context is provided by selection of sources and destinations of information and by use of potential functions that direct the flow towards the destinations. We also use the concept of dissipation to model the aging of information as it diffuses from its source. Using examples from yeast protein-protein interaction networks and some of the histone acetyltransferases involved in control of transcription, we demonstrate the utility of the concepts and the mathematical constructs introduced in this paper.
An evaluation of the effect of navigational tools on cognitive load in a computer based test format

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of navigation tools on cognitive load within a hypermedia learning environment. The hypermedia learning environment here is a Computer Based Online Aptitude Test System on which the study was carried out. A study was conducted with a total n = 35 college students respectively. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two online computer based aptitude test conditions, a step navigation based computer based test, or a vertical menu based computer based test. Results indicated that there is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of Cognitive Load and Willingness to continue to use the systems. Implications for designers are discussed.
A Networked Reconfigurable System for Collaborative Unsupervised Detection of Events

Many Applications perceive visual information through networks of embedded sensors. Intensive image processing computations have to be performed in order to process the perceived information. Such computations usually demand hardware implementations in order to exhibit real time performance. Furthermore, many of such applications are hard to be characterized a priori, since they take different paths according to events happening in the scene at runtime. Hence, reconfigurable hardware devices are the only viable platform for implementing such applications, providing both real time performance and dynamic adaptability for the system. In this paper, we present a collaborative and dynamically adaptive object tracking system that has been built in our lab. We exploit reconfigurable hardware devices embedded in a number of networked cameras in order to achieve our goal. We justify the need for dynamic adaptation of the system through scenarios and applications. Experimental results on a set of scenes advocate the fact that our system works effectively for different scenario of events through reconfiguration. Comparing results with non-adaptive implementations verify the fact that our approach improves system’s robustness to scene variations and outperforms the traditional implementations.
Mental Rotation Performance in Male Soccer Players

It is the main goal of this study to investigate the visual-spatial cognition in male soccer players. Forty males (20 soccer players and 20 non-athletes) solved a chronometric mental rotation task with both cubed and embodied figures (human figures, body postures). The results confirm previous results that all participants had a lower mental rotation speed for cube figures compared to embodied figures and a higher error rate for cube figures, but only at angular disparities greater than 90°. It is a new finding that soccer–players showed a faster reaction time for embodied stimuli. Because rotation speed did not differ between soccer-players and non-athletes this finding cannot be attributed to the mental rotation process itself but instead to differences in one of the following processes which are involved in a mental rotation task: the encoding process, the maintanence of readiness, or the motor process. The results are discussed against the background of the influence on longterm physical activity on mental rotation and the context of embodied cognition.
Extracellular Multi Unit Recording in Fear Conditioning in Mice Using a Telemetry Approach in an Automated Home Cage (DualCage) Environment

Fear conditioning is an important test in behavioral neuroscience to investigate the neural systems and molecular basis of various aspects of emotional learning across a wide range of species. Dysfunction of the fear circuits is assumed to underlie mechanisms of affective disorders and is frequently investigated in rodent models. While generally the scientific focus has been on the assessment of behavioral readouts such as freezing, we extended to autonomic measures [1] and now include electrophysiological measures in freely moving mice. We developed a radio-telemetry approach to perform extracellular recordings of neurons in freely moving birds that has now been adapted to mice. Experiments were performed in our novel fully automated DualCage (see
Optimal Pulse Waveform Design for TH-PPM Ultra Wideband Systems

Ultra wideband (UWB) information is transmitted by a very short pulse which covers an extremely wide spectrum bandwidth. To avoid interference, pulse waveform design plays an important role in the UWB wireless systems. In this paper, an optimal pulse design method is proposed by using wavelet function in order to achieve optimal spectrum utilization, spectral mask compatibility, and coexistence with other wireless services. The UWB pulse waveform can be flexibly adjusted by this method to meet the different spectral masks, such as FCC mask and ETSI mask. The simulation results show that our design techniques provide pulse waveform with higher performance of time hopping pulse position modulation (TH-PPM) UWB system.
The organization of myosin and actin in rapid frozen nerve growth cones

Rapid freezing and freeze substitution were used in conjunction with immunofluorescence, whole mount EM, and immunoelectron microscopy to study the organization of myosin and actin in growth cones of cultured rat superior cervical ganglion neurons. The general cytoplasmic organization was determined by whole mount EM; tight microfilament bundles formed the core of filopodia while a dense meshwork formed the underlying structure of lamellipodia. Although the central microtubule and organelle-rich region of the growth cone had fewer microfilaments, dense foci and bundles of microfilaments were usually observed. Anti- actin immunofluorescence and rhodamine phalloidin staining of f-actin both showed intense staining of filopodia and lamellipodia. In addition, staining of bundles and foci were observed in central regions suggesting that the majority of the microfilaments seen by whole mount EM are actin filaments. Anti-myosin immunofluorescence was brightest in the central region and usually had a punctate pattern. Although less intense, anti-myosin staining was also seen in peripheral regions; it was most prominent at the border with the central region, in portions of lamellipodia undergoing ruffling, and in spots along the shaft and at the base of filopodia. Immunoelectron microscopy of myosin using postembedment labeling with colloidal gold showed a similar distribution to that seen by immunofluorescence. Label was scattered throughout the growth cone, but present as distinct aggregates in the peripheral region mainly along the border with the central region. Less frequently, aggregates were also seen centrally and along the shaft and at the base of filopodia. This distribution is consistent with myosins involvement in the production of tension and movements of growth cone filopodia and lamellipodia that occur during active neurite elongation.
Cross-Language Phone Recognition when the Target Language Phoneme Inventory is not Known

Cross-language speech recognition often assumes a certain amount of knowledge about the target language. However, there are hundreds of languages where not even the phoneme inventory is known. In the work reported here, phone recognisers are evaluated on a cross-language task with minimum target knowledge. A phonetic distance measure is introduced for the evaluation, allowing a distance to be calculated between any utterance of any language. This has a number of spin-off applications such as allophone detection, a phone-based ROVER approach to recognition, and cross-language forced alignment. Results show that some of these novel approaches will be of immediate use in characterising languages where there is little phonological knowledge.
Comparison of Static Code Analysis Tools

In this paper we compare three static code analysis tools. The tools represent three different approaches in the field of static analysis: Fortify SCA is a non-annotation based heuristic analyzer, Splint represents an annotation based heuristic analyzer, and Frama-C an annotation based correct analyzer. The tools are compared by analysing their performance when checking a demonstration code with intentionally implemented errors.
Modied Genetic Algorithm with Greedy Heuristic for Continuous and Discrete p-Median Problems

Genetic algorithm with greedy heuristic is an efficient method for solvinglarge-scale location problems on networks. In addition, it can be adapted for solvingcontinuous problems such as k-means. In this article, authors propose modicationsto versions of this algorithm on both networks and continuous space improving itsperformance. The Probability Changing Method was used for initial seeding of thecenters in case of the p-median problem on networks.Results are illustrated by numerical examples and practical experience of clusteranalysis of semiconductor device production lots.
Munc18-Bound Syntaxin Readily Forms SNARE Complexes with Synaptobrevin in Native Plasma Membranes

Munc18–1, a protein essential for regulated exocytosis in neurons and neuroendocrine cells, belongs to the family of Sec1/Munc18-like (SM) proteins. In vitro, Munc18–1 forms a tight complex with the SNARE syntaxin 1, in which syntaxin is stabilized in a closed conformation. Since closed syntaxin is unable to interact with its partner SNAREs SNAP-25 and synaptobrevin as required for membrane fusion, it has hitherto not been possible to reconcile binding of Munc18–1 to syntaxin 1 with its biological function. We now show that in intact and exocytosis-competent lawns of plasma membrane, Munc18–1 forms a complex with syntaxin that allows formation of SNARE complexes. Munc18–1 associated with membrane-bound syntaxin 1 can be effectively displaced by adding recombinant synaptobrevin but not syntaxin 1 or SNAP-25. Displacement requires the presence of endogenous SNAP-25 since no displacement is observed when chromaffin cell membranes from SNAP-25–deficient mice are used. We conclude that Munc18–1 allows for the formation of a complex between syntaxin and SNAP-25 that serves as an acceptor for vesicle-bound synaptobrevin and that thus represents an intermediate in the pathway towards exocytosis.
Decentralized cooperative control of autonomous surface vehicles with uncertain dynamics: A dynamic surface approach

We study the cooperative control problem for a group of autonomous surface vehicles (ASV) with uncertain dynamics. A new decentralized cooperative controller is developed for a group of underactuated surface vehicles by employing the neural network-based dynamic surface approach, graph theory and Lyapunov stability theory. Using this design, it does not require to calculate the numerical derivatives of the virtual control signals as in traditional backstepping-based design. The advantages of the proposed cooperative controller are that, in addition to achieve a desired formation, the uncertain dynamics such as coriolis and centripetal force, hydrodynamic damping, unmodelled hydrodynamics, disturbances from environment can be compensated by on-line learning. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
About the Report

(USIP) ongoing effort to understand the pluralist legal system of Afghanistan. It examines, compares, and contrasts Islamic law with traditional forms of justice in an attempt to elucidate how such rule of law approaches interact as well as provide a fuller understanding of each system to better guide rule of law practice, policy, and change. About the AuthoR Hamid Khan is the deputy director of the Rule of Law Collaborative at the University of South Carolina. He previously served as a senior rule of law program officer with the Center for Governance, Law, and Society at USIP and formerly was a professorial lecturer in Islamic law at the George Summary • Afghanistan's legal system has drawn on a mix of customary tribal law, primarily derived from the Pashtun community's code of Pashtunwali and Islamic legal traditions valued for their universal and unifying characteristics. • Despite popular conceptions that Islamic law holds a supreme legal status, field surveys indicate that in practice, its provisions are often disregarded in favor of customary law intended to maintain community consensus. This consensus is often not between equals but is shaped by the relative authority of the persons resolving the dispute. • A particular concerning outcome is the marginalization of Afghan women, despite Islamic legal precepts that enshrine them with individual rights, particularly in matters of family, inheritance, and marriage law that are not extended under Pashtunwali. • A significant number of survey respondents voiced concerns about the credibility of Islamic religious scholars (ulama) participating in resolving disputes at the informal level, citing poor levels of training in Islamic legal precepts and concerns over their neutrality. • Despite this finding, informal justice actors nonetheless expressed openness to overturning prevailing customary law and signaled their willingness to take a more Islamic legal approach to resolving disputes if they were educated by the particulars of Islamic law, especially as it pertained to women and understanding gender-related norms. • Ultimately, religious leaders are in a unique position of wielding a supreme measure of authority on issues related to law and morality and can potentially play a role in pushing for legal reforms.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MODEL USING PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNICAL CHANGES: MODIFIED GENERAL INDEX (MGI), GENERALIZED MODIFIED GENERAL INDEX (GMGI) AND GENERAL TIME TREND INDEX (GTTI)

The important issue here is how the production based on modern technology can be expanded. This depends on factors which influence the modern production process. In this paper, we present new indices for estimating technical change, return to scale, and TFP growth. These indices, Modified General Index (MGI), Generalized Modified General Index (GMGI) and General Time Trend index (GTTI), are a generalization of the General Index. The results of the study suggest that for the estimation of technical change, return to scale, and TFP growth, the MGI method is appropriate when we have time series data or panel data with limited cross section data. When there is a need to compare irregular periods of time (for evaluation plan or policies), we suggest the GMGI method and when we have time series data or panel data with limited cross section data, and a trend in every period, we propose the GTTI method. Besides These methods, The most important factor involved in the development program success is to adjust the program projects with natural, social and economic conditions of that region.
Scavengers of reactive γ-ketoaldehydes extend Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan and healthspan through protein-level interactions with SIR-2.1 and ETS-7

Isoketals (IsoKs) are highly reactive γ-ketoaldehyde products of lipid peroxidation that covalently adduct lysine side chains in proteins, impairing their function. Using C. elegans as a model organism, we sought to test the hypothesis that IsoKs contribute to molecular aging through adduction and inactivation of specific protein targets, and that this process can be abrogated using salicylamine (SA), a selective IsoK scavenger. Treatment with SA extends adult nematode longevity by nearly 56% and prevents multiple deleterious age-related biochemical and functional changes. Testing of a variety of molecular targets for SA's action revealed the sirtuin SIR-2.1 as the leading candidate. When SA was administered to a SIR-2.1 knockout strain, the effects on lifespan and healthspan extension were abolished. The SIR-2.1-dependent effects of SA were not mediated by large changes in gene expression programs or by significant changes in mitochondrial function. However, expression array analysis did show SA-dependent regulation of the transcription factor ets-7 and associated genes. In ets-7 knockout worms, SA's longevity effects were abolished, similar to sir-2.1 knockouts. However, SA dose-dependently increases ets-7 mRNA levels in non-functional SIR-2.1 mutant, suggesting that both are necessary for SA's complete lifespan and healthspan extension.
Semi-supervised Kernel Clustering Algorithm Based on Seed Set

Explore a semi-supervised clustering algorithm called Seed Kernel K-means (SKK-means) which is inspired by the kernel method and seeding strategy based on the classical K-means algorithm. The algorithm uses a certain ratio of data points as the seeds to generate initial cluster centers, and maps the data into feature space using kernel method. Our algorithm, which can be easily implemented, compares with respect to the other algorithm such as K-means and Kernel K-means, on 3 UCI databases (IRIS, Crabs and New-Thyroid) in some numeric experiment.
Object Tracking by introducing Stochastic Filtering into Window-Matching Techniques

This paper describes the development and the application of an object tracking algorithm from a sequence of images. The algorithm is based on window-matching techniques using the sum of squared differences (SSD) as a distance-similarity measure, but adding stochastic filtering. The algorithm is then applied for tracking a vehicle on an urban environment and for tracking the ball on a ping-pong game. It is concluded that incorporating the Kalman filtering greatly improves the tracking performance.
Cardiovascular Mortality and N-terminal- Probnp Reduced after Combined Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation: a 5-year Prospective Randomized Double-blind Placebo- Controlled Trial among Elderly Swedish Citizens Cardiovascular Mortality and N-terminal-probnp Reduced after Combined Selenium and C

Cardiovascular mortality and N-terminal-proBNP reduced after combined selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation: a 5-year prospective randomized double-blind placebo-Swedish Research Council (AR). The selenium tablets and coenzyme Q10 capsules were kindly donated by Pharma Nord Aps. ABSTRACT Background: Selenium and coenzyme Q10 are essential for the cell. Low cardiac