Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow Stem Cells Expressing Keratinocyte Growth Factor via an Inducible Lentivirus Protects against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis

Many common diseases of the gas exchange surface of the lung have no specific treatment but cause serious morbidity and mortality. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by alveolar epithelial cell injury, interstitial inflammation, fibroblast proliferation and collagen accumulation within the lung parenchyma. Keratinocyte Growth Factor (KGF, also known as FGF-7) is a critical mediator of pulmonary epithelial repair through stimulation of epithelial cell proliferation. During repair, the lung not only uses resident cells after injury but also recruits circulating bone marrow-derived cells (BMDC). Several groups have used Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) as therapeutic vectors, but little is known about the potential of Hematopoietic Stem cells (HSCs). Using an inducible lentiviral vector (Tet-On) expressing KGF, we were able to efficiently transduce both MSCs and HSCs, and demonstrated that KGF expression is induced in a regulated manner both in vitro and in vivo. We used the in vivo bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model to assess the potential therapeutic effect of MSCs and HSCs. While both populations reduced the collagen accumulation associated with bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, only transplantation of transduced HSCs greatly attenuated the histological damage. Using double immunohistochemistry, we show that the reduced lung damage likely occurs through endogenous type II pneumocyte proliferation induced by KGF. Taken together, our data indicates that bone marrow transplantation of lentivirus-transduced HSCs can attenuate lung damage, and shows for the first time the potential of using an inducible Tet-On system for cell based gene therapy in the lung.
Hundred-Picoseconds Electro-Optical Switching With Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers Using Multi-Impulse Step Injection Current

An ultrafast electro-optical amplified switch based on chip-on-carrier semiconductor optical amplifier with high optical contrast (33 dB) is presented. Switching times up to 115 ps with small overshoot were achieved by using the multi-impulse step injected current technique. These results are compared with previous preimpulse step injected current technique, and achieve a reduction of the inherent, post switching gain fluctuations without worsening the switching times. In addition, pulse formats for controlling such a kind of electro-optical switches are numerically analyzed and compared with experiments.
Pattern printability for off-axis incident light in EUV lithography

Off-axis incident light produces shadowing and an imbalance in the diffracted light. Shadowing causes a change in the critical dimension (CD) and a shift in the position of patterns due to the swing + bulk effect of the absorber and buffer layers. In addition, the imbalance in the diffracted light influences the optical proximity-effect correction (OPC) of actual patterns with a k1 below 0.6. In this study, the main factors influencing OPC were investigated. These include asymmetric aberrations and optical proximity effects (OPE) in line patterns. OPC was then applied to a T-shaped pattern. It is found that the mask error factor (MEF) in low-contrast regions of a layout is an important consideration in OPC.
A monotonic and low-power digitally controlled oscillator with portability for SoC applications

In this paper, a monotonic and low-power digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) with cell-based design for System-On-Chip (SoC) applications is presented. The proposed DCO employs a cascade-stage structure to achieve high resolution and wide range at the same time. Besides, based on the proposed single delay extraction scheme, the proposed DCO can provide monotonic delay with low power consumption and low circuit complexity as compared with conventional approaches. Simulation results show that power consumption of the proposed DCO can be improved to 0.79mW (@1529MHz) with 1.1ps resolution. In addition, the proposed DCO can be implemented with standard cells, making it easily portable to different processes and very suitable for SoC applications.
/spl tau/AU: Timing analysis under uncertainty

Due to excessive reduction in the gate length, dopant concentrations and the oxide thickness, even the slightest of variations in these quantities can result in significant variations in the performance of a device. This has resulted in a need for efficient and accurate techniques for performing Statistical Analysis of circuits. In this paper we propose a methodology based on Bayesian Networks for computing the exact probability distribution of the delay of a circuit. In case of large circuits where it is not possible to compute the exact distribution, we propose methods to reduce the problem size and get a tight lower bound on the exact distribution.
On-Chip Sample Preparation for Multiple Targets Using Digital Microfluidics

In many biochemical protocols, sample preparation is an extremely important step for mixing multiple reagents in a given ratio. Dilution of a biochemical sample/reagent is the special case of mixing or solution preparation where only two fluids (sample and buffer) are mixed at a certain ratio corresponding to the desired concentration factor. Many bioassays often require multiple concentration values of the same sample/reagent, and implementing them efficiently on a digital microfluidic biochip is a challenge. In this paper, we present an algorithmic solution for the problem of producing a set of different target droplets in a minimum number of mix-split steps, and satisfying a given upper bound in concentration error. Unlike prior methods, this approach does not require any intermediate storage. We represent the underlying search space using a binary de Brujin graph and show that a shortest mix-split sequence can be obtained by solving an asymmetric traveling salesman problem therein. Simulation results over a large data set reveal that the proposed technique outperforms existing methods in terms of the number of mix-split steps, waste droplets, and reactant usage. The method is applicable in general scenarios of either one mixer or more mixers on the chip. A digital microfluidic platform can be easily designed to implement such a technique for rapid on-chip sample preparation.
Upgrading edge-disjoint paths in a ring Jácint Szabó December 2005

In this paper we introduce the upgrading problem for edge-disjoint paths. In the off-line upgrading problem a supply graph G and two demand graphs H1 and H2 are given on the same vertex set. What is the maximum size of a set F ⊆ E(H1)∩E(H2) such that F has a routing in G which can be extended to a routing of Hi in G, for i = 1, 2? In the online upgrading problem we are given a supply graph G, a demand graph H with a routing and another demand graph H2 such that E(H) ⊆ E(H2). What is the maximum size of a set F ⊆ E(H) such that the restriction of the given routing to F can be extended to routing of H2? Thus, depending on whether the graphs are directed or undirected, we have four different versions. In this paper we give full solution for the case when G is a ring and the demand graphs are stars. All four versions are NP-complete in general.
The Alternative TrkAIII Splice Variant Targets the Centrosome and Promotes Genetic Instability

ABSTRACT The hypoxia-regulated alternative TrkAIII splice variant expressed by human neuroblastomas exhibits oncogenic potential, driven by in-frame exon 6 and 7 alternative splicing, leading to omission of the receptor extracellular immunoglobulin C1 domain and several N-glycosylation sites. Here, we show that the TrkAIII oncogene promotes genetic instability by interacting with and exhibiting catalytic activity at the centrosome. This function depends upon intracellular TrkAIII accumulation and spontaneous interphase-restricted activation, in cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (tk) domain orientation, predominantly within structures that closely associate with the fully assembled endoplasmic reticulum intermediate compartment and Golgi network. This facilitates TrkAIII tk-mediated binding of γ-tubulin, which is regulated by endogenous protein tyrosine phosphatases and geldanamycin-sensitive interaction with Hsp90, paving the way for TrkAIII recruitment to the centrosome. At the centrosome, TrkAIII differentially phosphorylates several centrosome-associated components, increases centrosome interaction with polo kinase 4, and decreases centrosome interaction with separase, the net results of which are centrosome amplification and increased genetic instability. The data characterize TrkAIII as a novel internal membrane-associated centrosome kinase, unveiling an important alternative mechanism to “classical” cell surface oncogenic receptor tk signaling through which stress-regulated alternative TrkAIII splicing influences the oncogenic process.
Navigation and Mapping in Large Scale Space

In a large-scale space, structure is at a significantly larger scale than the observations available at an instant. To learn the structure of a large-scale space from observations, the observer must build a cognitive map of the environment by integrating observations over an extended period of time, inferring spatial structure from perceptions and the effects of actions. The cognitive map representation of large-scale space must account for a mapping, or learning structure from observations, and navigation, or creating and executing a plan to travel from one place to another. Approaches to date tend to be fragile either because they don't build maps; or because they assume nonlocal observations, such as those available in preexisting maps or global coordinate systems, including active landmark beacons and geo-locating satellites. We propose that robust navigation and mapping systems for large-scale space can be developed by adhering to a natural, four-level semantic hierarchy of descriptions for representation, planning, and execution of plans in large-scale space. The four levels are sensorimotor interaction, procedural behaviors, topological mapping, and metric mapping. Effective systems represent the environment, relative to sensors, at all four levels and formulate robust system behavior by moving flexibly between representational levels at run time. We demonstrate our claims in three implemented models: Tour, the Qualnav system simulator, and the NX robot.
Scheduling processor voltage and frequency in server and cluster systems

Modern server farm and cluster sites consume large quantities of energy both to power and cool the machines in the site. At the same time, less power supply redundancy is offered and power companies and government officials are requesting power consumption be reduced during certain time periods. These trends lead to the requirement of responding to rapid reductions in the maximum power the site may consume. Each possible solution must respond to the new power budget before a cascading failure occurs. Available techniques include powering down some nodes or slowing all nodes in a system uniformly. This work instead examines the feasibility of slowing nodes non-uniformly in response to their performance demands. This approach provides an opportunity to reduce the performance loss caused by a reduction in the power budget. This paper uses the execution characteristics of the work currently running on each processor of the system or cluster to predict the performance of the work at the available frequency settings. The scheduling mechanism selects the lowest frequency for the processor that provides essentially all of the available performance of the work. It ensures that the frequency fits within the available global power budget and, if not, reduces it so that it does. The paper demonstrates the approach using a simple, synthetic benchmark and then validates it using additional, real-world applications.
Using the Incremental Commitment Model to Integrate System Acquisition, Systems Engineering, and Software Engineering

One of the top recommendations to emerge from the October 2006 Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (DUSD) Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (AT&L) Defense Software Strategy Summit was to find ways of better integrating software engineering into the systems engineering and acquisition process. Concurrently, a National Research Council study was addressing the problem of better integrating human factors into the systems engineering and acquisition process. This paper presents a model that emerged from these and related efforts that shows promise of improving these integrations. This model, called the Incremental Commitment Model (ICM), organizes systems engineering and acquisition processes in ways that better accommodate the different strengths and difficulties of hardware, software, and human factors engineering approaches. It also provides points at which they can synchronize and stabilize, and at which their risks of going forward can be better assessed and fitted into a risk-driven stakeholder resource commitment process.
Improvement of Mechanical Properties of 3004 Aluminum Alloy by Heavy Working at Cryogenic Temperature

2D吻π勉θ鋭（ゾ1吻。 勿擁αz1 To improve the mechanical properties of AI alloys， grain refinement is one of the useful methods． In this study， grain refinement of 3004AI alloy was carried out by heavy plastic working盛a warm or cryogenic forging， which hlduced high stored strain energy． It was possi1）1e to be roned up to 98％reduction ratio by using cryogenic roHing with forging as prework process． Annealing was finany performed for rapid recrystallization in a salt l）ath at recrystallization temperature． As the result， Vickers hardness， tensile strength and yield stress of specimens worked up to 98％were HV160，450 and 390 MPa， respectively． The specimens having a㎜ealing treatment at 583 K，300sproduced fine grain stmctures with about 5μm in grain size． It
A comprehensive study on decreasing the kilovoltage cone‐beam CT dose by reducing the projection number

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of kilovoltage cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) on registration accuracy and image qualities with a reduced number of planar projections used in volumetric imaging reconstruction. The ultimate goal is to evaluate the possibility of reducing the patient dose while maintaining registration accuracy under different projection‐number schemes for various clinical sites. An Elekta Synergy Linear accelerator with an onboard CBCT system was used in this study. The quality of the Elekta XVI cone‐beam three‐dimensional volumetric images reconstructed with a decreasing number of projections was quantitatively evaluated by a Catphan phantom. Subsequently, we tested the registration accuracy of imaging data sets on three rigid anthropomorphic phantoms and three real patient sites under the reduced projection‐number (as low as 1/6th) reconstruction of CBCT data with different rectilinear shifts and rotations. CBCT scan results of the Catphan phantom indicated the CBCT images got noisier when the number of projections was reduced, but their spatial resolution and uniformity were hardly affected. The maximum registration errors under the small amount transformation of the reference CT images were found to be within 0.7 mm translation and 0.3° rotation. However, when the projection number was lower than one‐fourth of the full set with a large amount of transformation of reference CT images, the registration could easily be trapped into local minima solutions for a nonrigid anatomy. We concluded, by using projection‐number reduction strategy under conscientious care, imaging‐guided localization procedure could achieve a lower patient dose without losing the registration accuracy for various clinical sites and situations. A faster scanning time is the main advantage compared to the mA decrease‐based, dose‐reduction method. PACS numbers: 87.57. C‐, 87.57. cf, 87.57. cj, 87.57. cm, 87.57. cp, 87.57. N‐, 87.57. nf, 87.57. nj
Deteriorated visual backward masking in the shine-through effect in adolescents with psychosis

Visual backward masking is a reliable and widely used tool in schizophrenia research. Whereas many studies have shown masking deficits in adult patients, there are only very few studies with adolescents with psychosis—and with controversial results. Masking deficits of adolescents are of primary interest because they are not caused by long-term suffering from the disease and severe medication. We investigated 15 adolescents with psychosis and 19 age-matched controls in the shine-through backward masking paradigm for which strong performance deficits were shown previously in adult schizophrenic patients and their relatives. Adolescents with psychosis were strongly impaired in the shine-through effect compared to controls. This result adds further evidence that backward masking is an endophenotype of schizophrenia.
SUITABILITY AND REPEATABILITY OF A PHOTOSTRESS RECOVERY TEST DEVICE, THE MACULAR DEGENERATION DETECTOR (MDD-2), FOR DIABETES AND DIABETIC RETINOPATHY ASSESSMENT

Background: Diabetic retinopathy can result in impaired photostress recovery time despite normal visual acuity and fundoscopic appearance. The Macular Degeneration Detector (MDD-2) is a novel flash photostress recovery time device. In this study, we examine the repeatability of the MDD-2 in normal and diabetic subjects. Methods: One hundred and ninety one (90 women, 101 men) subjects were recruited and divided into 1 of the 3 study groups (normal controls, n = 40; diabetes no retinopathy, n = 98; nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, n = 53). Photostress recovery time was measured three times in the study eye using the MDD-2, each measurement separated by a 5-minute interval. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant learning or fatigue effects on intrameasurement repeatability for any group. Photostress recovery time measures were broadly similar and typically not statistically significantly different between study groups. The coefficient of repeatability reached clinically acceptable levels once the initial photostress recovery time measure, which demonstrated increased variability and latency compared with all subsequent measures, was excluded. Conclusion: The MDD-2 seems to provide repeatable photostress recovery time measurements among naive diabetic subjects. The device does not, however, seem capable of differentiating normal and nonproliferative diabetic eyes, and would not be suitable for inclusion in diabetic retinopathy screening protocol.
Odorant receptors can mediate axonal identity and gene choice via cAMP-independent mechanisms

Odorant receptors (ORs) control several aspects of cell fate in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), including singular gene choice and axonal identity. The mechanisms of OR-induced axon guidance have been suggested to principally rely on G-protein signalling. Here, we report that for a subset of OSNs, deleting G proteins or altering their levels of signalling does not affect axonal identity. Signalling-deficient ORs or surrogate receptors that are unable to couple to Gs/Golf still provide axons with distinct identities and the anterior–posterior targeting of axons does not correlate with the levels of cAMP produced by genetic modifications. In addition, we refine the models of negative feedback by showing that ectopic ORs can be robustly expressed without suppressing endogenous gene choice. In conclusion, our results uncover a new feature of ORs, showing that they can instruct axonal identity and regulate olfactory map formation independent of canonical G-protein signalling and cAMP production.
Detecting and ranking events in Twitter using diversity analysis

In Twitter and in other social media channels, detecting events is very important and has many applications. However, this task is very challenging because of the huge number of tweets that are posted every minute and the massive scale of the spamming activities. In this paper, we present an innovative approach for detecting events using data posted to Twitter. The proposed approach is based on the concept of user's attention by quantitatively modelling the diversity of hashtags using Shannon's index. Our method records the diversity values on an hourly basis time-series. Using statistical techniques, the method locates the intervals having diversity values that fall outside the range of forecasted ones (normal state). We also present the labelling and ranking techniques that are implemented in this research. Experimental results on a dataset consisting of 15 million Arabic tweets show that our proposed approach can effectively detect real-world events in Twitter.
Understanding Spatial Variations in the Impact of Accessibility on Land Value Using Geographically Weighted Regression

This paper aims to understand the spatial variability in house prices and accessibility. The motivation for understanding the connection between accessibility and house prices stems from the increasing attention given in recent years to the potential for funding transport infrastructure by land value capture policies. Establishing whether there is identifiable land value uplift, and further quantifying this uplift, is a prerequisite to sensible discussions on the potential for land value capture. Although there has been substantial related research in the United States, not only have there been fewer studies in the United Kingdom, but these have concentrated on London. London, as a capital city, differs in many respects from other cities. Large conurbations such as Manchester, Sheffield, and Tyne and Wear are more typical of British cities. This study focuses on the Tyne and Wear area, which has an extensive public transport system, with a light rail system—the Tyne and Wear Metro—forming the backbone of the public transport system. The investigation reported in this paper is underpinned by the use of Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) methodology with property prices as the dependent variable, which in turn is explained by independent variables designed to standardize for household features and spatially defined factors including the transport accessibility of the house location. This methodology allows for estimation of the importance of transport accessibility in determining house prices. The empirical results show that, on average, the internal factors of the property and the socio-economic classification of its location are dominant determinants of property prices, but transport accessibility variables are also significant. However, the local model approach of GWR shows a significant spatially varying relationship between property prices and transport accessibility to be identified. This study contributes to a quantification of the impact of accessibility on house prices. Moreover, the paper demonstrates the application of a relatively new methodology in the transport field that takes account of the spatial nature of the data required in this process.