Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Helical organization of tropical cyclones

In this work we consider a helical flow organization on small and large space scales in a forming tropical cyclone and offer a quantitative analysis for early stages in evolution of large-scale helical vortex based on diagnosis of a set of integral helical and energetic characteristics. Using the data from a near cloud-resolving numerical simulation by Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), a key process of vertical vorticity generation from horizontal components and its amplification by special convective coherent structures Vortical Hot Towers (VHTs) is highlighted. The process is found to be a pathway for generation of a velocity field with linked vortex lines of horizontal and vertical vorticity on local and system scales. This reveals itself in generation of nonzero and increasing integral helicity of the vortex system during tropical cyclone formation. Based on these results, a new perspective on the role of VHTs in the amplification of the system-scale circulation is emphasized. They are the connecters of the primary tangential and secondary overturning circulation on the system scales and are elemental building blocks for the nonzero system-scale helicity of the developing vortex throughout the tropical cyclone evolution from genesis to the mature hurricane state. Calculation and analyses of helical and energetic characteristics together with hydroand thermodynamic flow fields allow the diagnosis of tropical cyclogenesis as an event when the primary and secondary circulations become linked on system scales.
Performance Evaluation of Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes in MIMO Wireless Communications

With the integration of voice, Internet and multimedia applications in next generation wireless mobile communication, the demand for reliable high data rate and quality of service is growing at a very rapid pace. The increasing requirements on the service quality and data flow in wireless mobile communication system call for new approaches to improve the bandwidth efficiency and reliability of the systems. Recently, MIMO systems with multiple antenna elements at both link ends have received great attention for future wireless communications systems as they provide high data rates by exploiting the spatial domain under the constraints of limited bandwidth and transmit power and thus have capabilities to improve the overall system performance. In MIMO wireless mobile communications, space-time block coding (STBC) is an attractive approach to achieve high bit rate and reliable transmission over fading channels. Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) exploits transmit diversity and high reliability. Although STBC has full diversity gain but no coding gain. Usually, STBCs are of two types i.e. Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (OSTBCs) and NonOrthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (NOSTBCs). This paper presents the bit error rate performance evaluation of orthogonal spacetime block codes with multiple transmit antennas in wireless mobile communication systems with the help of computer simulation. The research study shows that combined use of multiple transmit antennas and Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (OSTBCs) results in the significant overall system performance without any extra
Design of Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller for impedance-source inverter

This paper presents the design of voltage mode control for impedance-source inverter using Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. The proposed controller controls the output AC voltage by regulating the DC-link voltage at the input side. Mathematical model of the inverter is developed and the control parameters are design via Bode plot. Simulation under source and load disturbances is carried out to validate the design. From the results, it was shown that the proposed controller is capable to regulate the AC output voltage well.
Rank Matters: police leadership and the authority of rank

ABSTRACT Dominant discourse conceptualises leadership in the police as a rank-neutral activity. Despite the growing body of academic work in police leadership studies, critical analysis of the influence of rank is largely overlooked. The power and authority of rank have assumed a taken-for-granted and unquestioned status. The authority of rank, however, provides police officers with a powerful framework to understand leadership in the police. Drawing on the findings from 38 semi-structured interviews with police officers in a UK constabulary, this paper problematises conventional understanding of police leadership and theorises the use of rank through the creation of an analytical model, the Situated Authority Model of Leadership. The Model acts as framework for policing scholars and practitioners to critically consider the nuanced relationship between context and authority in police leadership. At a time when police organisations across the globe increasingly seek to adopt collaborative leadership practices, this paper contributes to the evidence base that challenges the development of alternative approaches to leadership and demonstrates that an appreciation of rank in the experience and practice of leadership is fundamental to the leadership reform in the police.
Learning Meanings for Sentences with Recursive Autoencoders

The objective of this project is to implement the recursive auto encoder (RAE) method to learn a model to predict sentiments for sentences and reproduce the result in [1]. To learn the weights for recursive functions, we implement forward and backward propagation algorithms. We validate the gradient computed from forward and backward algorithm by comparing it to the gradient computed from numerical approximation. Our implementation could achieve accuracy 48.5% with the basic RAE implementation. We show that the system achieves accuracy 76.0% by using normalized transfer function and adjustable meaning vectors.
Inverse Rendering from a Single Image

In this paper, we present a new method to recover an approximation of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the surfaces present in a real or synthetic scene. This is done from a single photograph and a 3D geometric model of the scene. The result is a full model of the reflectance properties of all surfaces, which can be rendered under novel illumination conditions with, for example, viewpoint modification and the addition of new synthetic objects. Our technique produces a reflectance model using a small number of parameters. These parameters nevertheless approximate the BRDF and allow the recovery of the photometric properties of diffuse, specular, isotropic or anisotropic textured objects. The input data are a geometric model of the scene including the light source positions and the camera properties, and a single captured image. We present several synthetic images that are compared to the original ones, and some possible applications in augmented reality such as novel lighting conditions and addition of synthetic objects.
Factors influencing the distribution , biomass , and productivity of phytoplankton in the Scotia Sea and adjoining waters

During January and February 2000 four research vessels, from Russia, the UK, Japan, and the United States, conducted an oceanographic survey with 137 hydrographic stations within the Scotia Sea and adjoining waters as part of a survey sponsored by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) to estimate the biomass and distribution of Antarctic krill in the Scotia Sea. Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) measurements showed great variability in phytoplankton biomass within the Scotia Sea, with some areas having among the lowest Chl-a concentrations found in Antarctic waters (o0.1 mg m 3 in surface waters) while other areas were among the richest with 410 mg m . This paper describes the distribution and concentration of Chl-a in the upper 100 m of the water column and relates the Chl-a profiles at individual stations to profiles of upper water-column stability, to the depth of the upper mixed layer, and to the mixing of different water masses. The 58 stations with the lowest Chl-a values in surface waters also had low values for integrated Chl-a (33.9719.5 mg m ) and a Chl-a maximum at depths of between 70 and 90 m, in contrast to all other stations where deep Chl-a maxima did not occur. The T/S diagrams at many of these stations were indicative of Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) waters. The central Scotia Sea and areas to the west and north of South Georgia had significantly higher integrated Chl-a values (98.1746.0 mg m , n 1⁄4 57), in addition to five stations with very high Chl-a values (mean of 3597270 mg m ). The mean rate of integrated primary production, which was estimated using the Chl-a data and the mean incident solar radiation measured from previous cruises as well as from satellite data, was estimated to be 994 mg carbon m 2 day . The temperature profiles at these stations suggested that considerable interleaving and mixing of water e front matter Published by Elsevier Ltd. r2.2004. 06.015 ng author. ss: oholmhansen@ucsd.edu (O. Holm-Hansen). ess: Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia. ess: Science Training and Education Partnership, Scolt House, 59 High Street, Barrington CB2 5QX, UK.
Information Propagation on the &#966; Failure Detector

It is widely recognized that distributed systems would greatly benefit from the availability of a generic failure detection service. There are however several issues that must be addressed before such a service can actually be implemented. In this paper, we highlight the issue related to propagating information on failures in the phi failure detector for large-scale systems. Traditionally, failure detection systems provide information on suspects to every processes. However, it is not the efficient way in the large-scale system. We consider the notification system that propagates information on suspicions with content-based filtering
Emergent bluffing and inference with Monte Carlo Tree Search

In many card and board games, players cannot see the whole game state, with different players seeing different parts of the state. In such games, gathering of information (inference) is a key strategic aspect, to which information hiding (bluffing, among other techniques) is an important countermeasure. Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a powerful general-purpose technique for decision making in games. MCTS rose to prominence through successes in combinatorial board games such as Go, but more recently has demonstrated promise in card, board and video games of incomplete information. MCTS can construct robust plans in stochastic environments (making it strong in some games), but in its vanilla form is unable to infer or bluff (making it weak in games where this is a central feature). In this paper, we augment MCTS with mechanisms for performing inference and bluffing. Like all algorithms based on game tree search, MCTS implicitly constructs a model of the opponents' decision processes. We show that this model can be repurposed to perform an approximation of Bayesian inference. We also obtain bluffing behaviour by self-determinization (introducing “impossible” worlds into the agent's pool of sampled states). We test our algorithms on The Resistance, a popular card game based around hidden roles.
Modelling and identification of a twin hull-based autonomous surface craft

In this paper, the process and results of a parameter identification task for a maritime unmanned surface vehicle are presented. The system has been modeled using state of the art methodology, and the parameters have been estimated via a weighted least square optimization approach. The required measurement data have been taken from various maneuvre trials. For solving the optimization problem, a Particle Swarm programming approach has been used, which has reliably found the global minimum of the cost function. The results show excellent agreement between measured and simulated data.
Effects of low carbohydrate diets on weight and glycemic control among type 2 diabetes individuals: a systemic review of RCT greater than 12 weeks.

INTRODUCTION Low carbohydrate diets (LCD) have shown beneficial effects on short-term weight reduction programs for obese individuals without diabetes, but the long-term evidence of efficacy on individuals with type 2 diabetes is not conclusive. OBJECTIVE To evaluate, the effectiveness of 12 or more weeks of LCD compared to Low Fat Diet (LFD), Usual Care Diet (UCD) or Low Glycemic Index Diet (LGID) on weight reduction and AIC on type 2 diabetes individuals. METHODS A systematic review was conducted on randomized trials registered in PubMed, Cochrane and EBSCOhost from January 1st 2000 to January 1st 2010 including those with an intervention program with LCD in type 2 diabetes subjects and a follow-up ≥ 12 weeks. Available data on study design; carbohydrate composition of diet; duration of diet; and the outcomes of weight, lipid levels (total, low density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), hemoglobin A1C percent and/or fasting glucose were extracted. RESULTS Five studies showed greater weight reduction with LCD, of which four demonstrated no significant difference. The longest trial intervention studies did not show a difference in weight change. Only two studies showed greater reduction of A1C with LCD, including the longest intervention trial with a low carbohydrate Mediterranean diet. CONCLUSIONS This review shows that there are no consistent differences in weight and A1C changes over the long-term treatment with LCD and LFD, UCD or LGID.
Auto-Luminescent Genetically-Encoded Ratiometric Indicator for Real-Time Ca2+ Imaging at the Single Cell Level

Efficient bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) from a bioluminescent protein to a fluorescent protein with high fluorescent quantum yield has been utilized to enhance luminescence intensity, allowing single-cell imaging in near real time without external light illumination. We have applied this strategy to develop an autoluminescent Ca2+ indicator, BRAC, which is composed of Ca2+-binding protein, calmodulin, and its target peptide, M13, sandwiched between a yellow fluorescent protein variant, Venus, and an enhanced Renilla luciferase, RLuc8. With this BRAC, we succeeded visualization of Ca2+ dynamics at the single-cell level with temporal resolution at 1 Hz. Moreover, BRAC signals were acquired by ratiometric imaging capable of canceling out Ca2+-independent signal drifts due to change in cell shape, focus shift, etc. Taking advantage of the bioluminescence imaging property that does not require external excitation light, BRAC might become a powerful tool applicable in conjunction with so-called optogenetic technology by which we can control cellular and protein function by light illumination.
Application research on diseases stressed plant based on near-field acoustic holography

In this paper, the basic principle of planar near field acoustic holography is expatiated and the reconstruction formula of sound source localization is given. We take theoretical results of sound pressure radiating from a point source to the holographic plane as the experimental data, and then substitute it in the reconstruction formula to reconstruct the sound source information. By changing holographic plane size, spacing and holographic measurement distance, we compared the sound source reconstruction results with the known sound source to see how these measured conditions parameters affect the reconstruction accuracy. Test results show that precise result can be got when the sound bandwidth exceed 5Khz, the hologram plane size is 6 times greater than the sound wavelength, the spacing of measurement point on holographic plane is less than 1/3 of the wavelength and the holographic measurement distance is less than 1/34 of the wavelength. We applied the planar near field acoustical holography in plant disease stress monitoring, and choose the signal with frequency of 2KHz to carry out the reconstruction experiment. The holographic plane was 0.6m side length square, measuring point spacing was 0.06m and the distance between hologram plane and reconstruction plane was 0.015m. Three sound sources were finally identified. By modifying the parameter setting and comparative analysis, we seek the best selection for simulation and use it as a reference in the ultrasonic signal tests of the diseases stressed plant. Having collected acoustic emission signals, we identified the sound source by near field acoustic holography and located plant diseases stress. Consequently, we can conduct a new crop disease forecast and precision spraying of pesticides.
Analyzing CUDA workloads using a detailed GPU simulator

Modern Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) provide sufficiently flexible programming models that understanding their performance can provide insight in designing tomorrow's manycore processors, whether those are GPUs or otherwise. The combination of multiple, multithreaded, SIMD cores makes studying these GPUs useful in understanding tradeoffs among memory, data, and thread level parallelism. While modern GPUs offer orders of magnitude more raw computing power than contemporary CPUs, many important applications, even those with abundant data level parallelism, do not achieve peak performance. This paper characterizes several non-graphics applications written in NVIDIA's CUDA programming model by running them on a novel detailed microarchitecture performance simulator that runs NVIDIA's parallel thread execution (PTX) virtual instruction set. For this study, we selected twelve non-trivial CUDA applications demonstrating varying levels of performance improvement on GPU hardware (versus a CPU-only sequential version of the application). We study the performance of these applications on our GPU performance simulator with configurations comparable to contemporary high-end graphics cards. We characterize the performance impact of several microarchitecture design choices including choice of interconnect topology, use of caches, design of memory controller, parallel workload distribution mechanisms, and memory request coalescing hardware. Two observations we make are (1) that for the applications we study, performance is more sensitive to interconnect bisection bandwidth rather than latency, and (2) that, for some applications, running fewer threads concurrently than on-chip resources might otherwise allow can improve performance by reducing contention in the memory system.
Threshold analysis of design metrics to detect design flaws: student research abstract

Detection of design flaws at different granularity levels of software can help the software engineer to reduce the testing efforts and maintenance cost. In the context of metric-based analysis, current state of art for the quality assurance tools is to extract the metrics from the source code and analyzed the design complexity. But in case of legacy systems, a software engineer needs to pass through the re-engineering process. In this study, I propose a methodology to investigate the threshold effect of software design metrics in order to detect design flaws and its effect over the granularity level of software. Moreover, I will use some statistical methods and machine learning techniques to derive and validate the effect of thresholds over the NASA and open source datasets retrieve from the PROMISE repository.
Enhanced corneal compensation for scanning laser polarimetry on eyes with atypical polarisation pattern

Aim: To investigate the potential advantage of an enhanced corneal compensation algorithm (ECC) compared with variable corneal compensation (VCC) in the analysis of scanning laser polarimetric (SLP) images with atypical retardation pattern (ARP). Methods: SLP-VCC images with ARP (typical scan score (TSS) <80) of one eye of each of 27 glaucoma patients and 19 healthy subjects were compared with the corresponding SLP-ECC images obtained at the same session. Results: ARP was present in 10.4% of the normals and 15.5% of the glaucoma patients imaged with SLP-VCC over 9 months. In both groups TSS was higher for ECC than for VCC (p<0.001). In glaucoma TSNIT, superior and inferior average thickness values were significantly lower, and TSNIT (measuring ellipse around the optic nerve head in the four (temporal, superior, nasal, inferior) quadrants) standard deviation was significantly higher with ECC than with VCC (p<0.001). In the normal group nerve fibre indicator (NFI) was lower with ECC than with VCC (p = 0.007). TSNIT average was smaller and TSNIT standard deviation was higher with ECC (p<0.001). Superior and inferior average thickness did not differ between VCC and ECC in the normal group. Conclusions: The new ECC software substantially improves polarimetric image analysis on eyes showing atypical polarisation pattern.
Dialect levelling in Finnish: a universal speech attribute approach

We adopt automatic language recognition methods to study dialect levelling — a phenomenon that leads to reduced structural differences among dialects in a given spoken language. In terms of dialect characterisation, levelling is a nuisance variable that adversely affects recognition accuracy: the more similar two dialects are, the harder it is to set them apart. We address levelling in Finnish regional dialects using a new SAPU (Satakunta in Speech) corpus containing material from Satakunta (South-Western Finland) between 2007 and 2013. To define a compact and universal set of sound units to characterize dialects, we adopt speech attributes features, namely manner and place of articulation. It will be shown that speech attribute distributions can indeed characterise differences among dialects. Experiments with an i-vector system suggest that (1) the attribute features achieve higher dialect recognition accuracy and (2) they are less sensitive against age-related levelling in comparison to traditional spectral approach. Index Terms: Finnish language, dialect levelling, social factors, native dialects, dialect detection, attributes detection, ivector modelling.
Multiple-Strain Colonization in Nasal Carriers of Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal that can also cause invasive infection. Reports suggest that nasal cocolonization occurs rarely, but the resources required to sequence multiple colonies have precluded its large-scale investigation. A staged protocol was developed to maximize detection of mixed-spa-type colonization while minimizing laboratory resources using 3,197 S. aureus-positive samples from a longitudinal study of healthy individuals in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. Initial typing of pooled material from each sample identified a single unambiguous strain in 89.6% of samples. Twelve single-colony isolates were typed from samples producing ambiguous initial results. All samples could be resolved into one or more spa types using the protocol. Cocolonization point prevalence was 3.4 to 5.8% over 24 months of follow-up in 360 recruitment-positives. However, 18% were cocolonized at least once, most only transiently. Cocolonizing spa types were completely unrelated in 56% of samples. Of 272 recruitment-positives returning ≥12 swabs, 166 (61%) carried S. aureus continuously but only 106 (39%) carried the same single spa type without any cocolonization; 31 (11%) switched spa type and 29 (11%) had transient cocarriage. S. aureus colonization is dynamic even in long-term carriers. New unrelated cocolonizing strains could increase invasive disease risk, and ongoing within-host evolution could increase invasive potential, possibilities that future studies should explore.