Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Spatiotemporal Patterns of US Lung Cancer by Histologic Type

Background After a period of increasing rates, lung cancer incidence is declining in the US for men and women. We investigated lung cancer rate patterns by gender, geographic location, and histologic subtype, and for total lung cancer (TLC), for the entire study period, and for 2000–2011 from 17 surveillance, epidemiology, and end results areas. Methods For each gender–histologic type combination, time trend plots and maps of age-adjusted rates are presented. Time trend significance was tested by joinpoint regression analysis. Spatial random effects models were applied to examine effects of sociodemographic factors, health insurance coverage, smoking, and physician density at the county level. Linked micromap plots illustrate patterns for important model predictors. Results Declining incidence trends occurred for TLC (p < 0.05, entire period). Squamous cell carcinoma trends increased for females only (p < 0.05). Small cell carcinoma trends declined overall, p < 0.05, but recently increased faster for females than males. Adenocarcinoma rates initially declined, but were significantly increasing by 2004, p < 0.05. Counties with higher current smoking and family poverty were strongly associated with higher risk for all gender–histologic types (p < 0.0001, for both variables). County socioeconomic status was associated with higher risk for all lung cancer subtypes for females, p < 0.02. Counties with more diagnostic radiologists were associated with higher TLC rates (p < 0.03); counties with greater primary care physician access were associated with lower TLC rates (p < 0.03). TLC incidence rates were higher in eastern and southern states than western areas. Male rates were higher than female rates along the West Coast. Males and females had similar small cell rate patterns, with higher rates in the Midwest and southeast. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma rate patterns were similar to TLC patterns, except for relatively higher female adenocarcinoma rates in the northeast and northwest. Conclusion Geographic patterns and declining time trends for incident lung cancer are consistent with previous mortality patterns. Male–female time trend and geographic pattern differences occur by histologic type. Time trends remain significant, even after adjustment for significant covariates. Knowledge of the variation of lung cancer incidence by region and histologic type is useful for surveillance and for implementing lung cancer control efforts.
In Search of Performance Effects of (In)Direct Industry Science Links

Using patent data from the European Patent Office combined with firm-level data, we evaluate the contribution of science linkages to the innovation performance of a firm at the patent level. We examine the effect of (i) firm-level linkages to science (firms active in publication and co-publication), and (ii) invention-specific linkages (patents with citations to scientific publications) on patent quality measures. Our results suggest that citations to scientific publications are not significant in explaining forward citations but are positively related to the scope of forward citations. Our main finding is that the linkage to science at the firm level matters more for forward citations than the linkage at the invention/patent level. In particular, nonscience-related patents of firms with firm level scientific linkages are more frequently, more broadly, and more quickly cited than comparable patents of firms without these science linkages.
Three-Dimensional Adaptive Modulation and Coding for DDO-OFDM Transmission System

We propose a 3-D adaptive loading algorithm (ALA), which can individually allocate proper modulation formats, power levels, and the forward error correction codes to each orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier according to the estimated channel state information (CSI). The introduced look-up table operation can reduce the iterations and improve the convergence speed. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we tailor the system parameters of direct detection optical OFDM (DDO-OFDM) to investigate the difference of effective data rate (EDR) between fixed schemes and proposed adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) schemes. When the fiber length is set to 90 km and received optical power (ROP) is −10 dBm in simulation, the AMC scheme achieves 7.86 Gb/s EDR, which is 1.93 times of the maximum EDR the fixed schemes can achieve under the bit error rate (BER) constraint. Compared with the Levin−Campello algorithm, the 3-D ALA improves about 3% and 6% data rates in poor and good CSI, respectively. In experiments, when the fiber length and ROP are 50 km and −18 dBm, respectively, the AMC scheme achieves the EDR of 4.96 Gb/s, which is 2.84 times of the maximum EDR of the fixed schemes under the BER constraint.
Image memorability prediction using deep features

Image memorability is an intrinsic characteristic of an image that is predictable. Prediction of image memorability measure is a challenging task in visualization and photography. In this study, the effectiveness of deep features on measuring of image memorability is investigated. The term of ‘deep features’ refers to the features which are extracted from a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). Within the framework of the CNN, we use output of the last three fully connected layers, fc6, fc7 and fc8, as the features. For this purpose, we use three common types of convolutional networks, Alex-Net, Hybrid-CNN and VGG-Net. We show that the derived deep features outperform some other commonly used features such as the SIFT, GIST, SSIM and HOG 2×2. We also show that the prediction accuracy can be more improved by proper fusing of the deep features.
Differences in body mass index according to fat mass‐ and obesity‐associated (FTO) genotype in Mexican patients with bipolar disorder

The prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased in many countries and it is particularly high in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). A region in the first intron of the fat mass‐ and obesity‐associated (FTO) gene, encompassing markers rs9939973, rs8050136, and rs9939609, has been consistently associated with obesity and body mass index (BMI) in different populations. We sought to determine whether FTO is associated with BMI and/or obesity in patients with BD.
Basics of Dermal Filler Rheology

BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid injectable fillers are the most widely used dermal fillers to treat facial volume deficits, providing long-term facial aesthetic enhancement outcomes for the signs of aging and/or facial contouring. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article was to explain how rheology, the study of the flow of matter, can be used to help physicians differentiate between dermal fillers targeted to certain areas of the face. METHODS This article describes how rheological properties affect performance when filler is used in various parts of the face and exposed to mechanical stress (shear deformation and compression/stretching forces) associated with daily facial animation and other commonly occurring external forces. RESULTS Improving facial volume deficits with filler is linked mainly to gel viscoelasticity and cohesivity. These 2 properties set the level of resistance to lateral and vertical deformations of the filler and influence filler tissue integration through control of gel spreading. CONCLUSION Selection of dermal filler with the right rheological properties is a key factor in achieving a natural-looking long-lasting desired aesthetic outcome.
Effect of magnet segmentation on the cogging torque in surface-mounted permanent-magnet motors

We present a method that minimizes the cogging torque in rotor surface mounted permanent-magnet motors. The key idea is to set the distribution of the air-gap flux density by segmenting the magnet pole into several elementary magnet blocks. By choosing either the appropriate elementary magnet block span or the relative position of the magnet blocks, the cogging torque may be significantly reduced. Our analytical approach uses Fourier series to predict the cogging torque harmonics, and finite-element computations. Our numerical results confirm the analytical conclusions.
The Role of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I-Mediated Effects in Vascular Endothelial Cells.

Despite an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling and the recognition that IGF-I mediates many effects in endothelial cells, some of which may be important for atherosclerosis, little is known about the signal transduction pathways that mediate the effects of IGF-I in endothelial cells. To that end, we examined the signaling pathways activated by IGF-I in endothelial cells and their contribution to IGF-I-stimulated endothelial cell migration and nuclear factor (NF)-κB-dependent transcription. Treatment of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) with IGF-I activated the mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and ERK5. In contrast, IGF-I had no effect on either c-Jun amino-terminal kinase or p38 kinase activity. IGF-I also activated phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, as reflected by increased phosphorylation of Akt. There was no evidence of cross-talk between the ERK and PI 3-kinase pathways in .
Decoupling network for a 2-element quasi-Yagi antenna array

An element spacing of less than 1/2 wavelength introduces strong mutual coupling and power mismatch between the ports of antenna arrays. The strong coupling may cause severe degradation on system performance. In order to overcome this problem, an alternative approach to port decoupling is proposed in this paper, the decoupled external ports of the feed network can then be matched independently by using open stub transmission line. To validate this method, a 2-element quasi-Yagi antenna array and a ring hybrid that acts as decoupled network are designed. The results show that this method can decrease the coupling effect and improve the performance of antenna.
Influence of Operational Excellence on the management of efficiency levels in the pharmaceutical industry in Kenya

This article assessed the Influence of Operational Excellence on the management of efficiency levels in the pharmaceutical industry in Kenya. In research methodology, the study adopted cross sectional survey design. The population of interest was composed of registered Kenyan pharmaceutical manufacturing companies as availed by the KAM directory. Sampling technique was purposively sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Analysis of the data was done using (SPSS). Regression and correlation analysis was done to test the relationship between the study variables. The study findings indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between operational excellence and the management of efficiency levels. The study concluded Kenyan pharmaceutical industry have put a lot effort in producing high quality generic pharmaceutical products but are trying to implement strategic management practices. The study recommends that Kenyan Pharmaceutical companies need to implement operational excellence in order to manage its efficiency levels.
An improved differential evolution for permutation flowshop scheduling problem with total flowtime criterion

This paper proposes an improved differential evolution (DE) for the permutation flowshop scheduling problem with the total flowtime minimization, an NP-complete problem. To enhance the exploration ability of DE, a hybrid method of simulated annealing and stochastic variable neighborhood search are incorporated. To improve the search diversification of DE, a population restart method based path relinking is applied to replace non-promising solutions. Experimental results on benchmark instances show that the proposed DE algorithm is competitive to other metaheuristics proposed for the PFSP with total flowtime minimization in the literature.
Spanish Listed Firms in the last period of economic crisis: The performance of corporate diversification

Based on an original sample of Spanish listed companies from non-financial sectors during 2006-2011, we show that geographic diversification offers a flexible strategy for companies in a period of economic crisis. We find a U-Shaped geographic diversification-performance relationship and we portray lack of evidence of product diversification premium unless it is combined with high levels of geographic diversification. Results are robust after controlling for the endogeneity of both types of diversification. Our findings highlight the bidirectional influences of both strategies on firm performance and the value of the joint analysis to avoid underestimate the firm level of corporate diversification.
Wireless Link-Quality Estimation in Smart Grid Environments

Recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained great attention from the research community for various smart grid applications, including advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), power outage detection, distribution automation, towers and poles monitoring, line fault diagnostics, power fraud detection, and underground cable system monitoring. However, multipath, fading, environmental noise, and obstructions in harsh smart grid environments make reliable communication a challenging task for wireless-sensor-network- (WSN-) based smart grid applications. To overcome varying link conditions in smart grid environments, sensor nodes must be capable of estimating link quality dynamically and reliably. In this paper, the performance of the state-of-the-art link-quality estimation methods is investigated for different smart power grid environments, such as outdoor substation, underground network transformer vault, and main power control room, in terms of packet delivery ratio, average number of packet retransmissions, average number of parent changes, average number of hops, and average communication delay. In addition, main smart grid characteristics and potential applications of WSNs in smart grid have been introduced along with the related technical challenges. Overall, our performance evaluations show that the link-quality estimators, called Expected Transmission Count (ETX) and four-bit, show the best performance in harsh smart grid environments.
Decomposition of inflow and blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) effects with dual‐echo spiral gradient‐recalled echo (GRE) fMRI

Image contrast with gradient‐recalled echo sequences (GRE) used for fMRI can have both blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) and inflow components, and the latter is often undesirable. A dual‐echo technique can be used to differentiate these mechanisms, because modulation of signal from inflow is common to both echoes, whereas susceptibility and diffusion‐related signal losses are larger in the second echo. An efficient dual‐echo interleaved spiral sequence was developed for use with a conventional scanner. It uses a κ‐space trajectory that spirals out from the origin while the first echo is collected, then spirals back in while collecting the second echo. Decomposition of the data provides separate images of the inflow and T2*‐weighted components. Results demonstrate the decomposition with phantom experiments and with photic stimulation in normal volunteers.
The Emergence of 'Social Executives' and Its Consequences for Financial Markets

Executives are becoming increasingly active on social media channels. This paper quantifies the economic consequences of such behavior by examining the personal Twitter activity of S&P 1500 CEOs/CFOs. Personal tweets contain news as well as reports on an executive’s day-to-day activities, his/her current interests, and his/her mood. We provide evidence that, on the upside, personal tweets can increase the investor and customer base, thereby improving stock market liquidity, and increasing sales per unit of total assets. On the downside, our evidence indicates that tweets can incite stock market reactions, which subsequently revert, thereby destabilizing prices.
Clinical Accuracy of a PLEX-ID Flu Device for Simultaneous Detection and Identification of Influenza Viruses A and B

ABSTRACT Respiratory tract infections caused by influenza A and B viruses often present nonspecifically, and a rapid, high-throughput laboratory technique that can identify influenza viruses is clinically and epidemiologically desirable. The PLEX-ID Flu assay (Abbott Molecular Inc., Des Plaines, IL) incorporates multilocus PCR and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry to detect and differentiate influenza A 2009 H1N1 (H1N1-p), seasonal H1N1 (H1N1-s), influenza A H3N2, and influenza B viruses in nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) specimens. The clinical performance characteristics of the PLEX-ID Flu assay in symptomatic patients were determined in this multicenter trial. A total of 2,617 prospectively and retrospectively collected NPS specimens from patients with influenza-like illness between February 2008 and 28 May 2010 were eligible for inclusion in the study. Each specimen was tested in parallel by the PLEX-ID Flu assay and by the Prodesse ProFLU+ assay (Prodesse Inc., Madison, WI), to detect influenza A and B viruses. Specimens testing positive for influenza A virus by ProFLU+ were subtyped as H1N1-p, H1N1-s, or H3N2 by using the ProFAST+ assay (Gen-Probe Prodesse Inc.). The reproducibility of the PLEX-ID Flu assay ranged from 98.3 to 100.0%, as determined by testing a nine-specimen panel at three clinical sites on each of 5 days. Positive percent agreements (PPAs) and negative percent agreements (NPAs) of the PLEX-ID Flu assay were 94.5% and 99.0% for influenza A virus and 96.0% and 99.9% for influenza B virus, respectively. For the influenza A virus subtyping characterization, the PLEX-ID Flu assay had PPAs and NPAs of 98.3% and 97.5% for H1N1-p, 88.6% and 100.0% for H1N1-s, and 98.0% and 99.9% for H3N2, respectively. The overall agreements between the PLEX-ID and Prodesse ProFLU+/ProFAST+ assays were 97.1 to 100.0%. Bidirectional Sanger sequencing analysis revealed that 87.5% of 96 discrepant results between the PLEX-ID Flu and ProFLU+/ProFAST+ assays were found upon influenza A virus detection and H1N1-p subtyping. The PLEX-ID Flu assay demonstrated a high level of accuracy for the simultaneous detection and identification of influenza A and B viruses in patient specimens, providing a new laboratory tool for the rapid diagnosis and management of influenza A and B virus infections.
Photosynthetic Reactions by Chloroplast Fragments of Chlamydomonas reinhardi.

Photosynthetic phosphorylation has been studied in (letail in a wxide variety of higher plants andl photosynthetic bacteria, but to date only a few investigations have been made in the algae. Although a high rate of photosynthetic phosphorylation has been reported for cell-free preparations of the blue-green alga A iabaena z,ariabilis (11), only fragmentary data are available describing this process in cell extracts of green algae ( 13, 6, 2). Repeated efforts in this laboratory faile(d to demonIostrate appreciable rates of photophosphorylationl by chloroplast fragments of the unicellular green alga, Chlamiy,doinonas reinhardi. Occasional positive results were dismissed because of the lack of repeatability. Recently Hughes et al. (4) (lemonstrated that pigmented particles of the photosynthetic bacterium. Chllorobimwst thiosulfatoph ilu in, isolated from cells growni under conditions of phosphate limitation. carrie(l out a light dependent esterification of Pi. However, particles isolated from cells grown in a phosphate buffered medium showed only an ADP dependent but light independent release of Pi, possibly froml polyplhosphate. For this reason, an investigation of photosynthetic phosphorylation in phosphate depleted cells of C. reinlhardi was undertaken. The present communication describes photosynthetic phosphorylation, in the presence of TPN, vitamin K. , FMN, and PMS4 by chloroplast fragments isolated from these cells.
A pragmatic approach to augmented reality authoring

In this paper we describe the augmented reality (AR) authoring system "PowerSpace" which allows fast and comfortable generation of AR worlds. The system presented uses the functionality of a 2D presentation program (Microsoft PowerPoint) as the basis for the composition of 3D content. An MS PowerPoint export is used to generate an XML-based extensible description of a presentation. This description is enriched by 3D content with the help of an editor, which is also part of the PowerSpace system. The content of this presentation is finally converted into 3D scenes and used in an AR-viewer.
Oncologic Outcomes of Primary Lymphoma of Bone in Adults

A retrospective analysis of adult patients who had lymphomatous involvement of bone was done to evaluate the prognostic factors and the oncologic outcome. Between 1984 and 1994, 28 patients (nine women and 19 men) were diagnosed with lymphoma of bone. The median age was 45 years (range, 23–76 years). The median followup was 40.3 months (range, 0.5 months-15.8 years). Eighteen patients (64%) were classified as having Stage IE disease, two patients (36%) were classified as having stage II disease, and eight patients were classified as having Stage IV disease. Twenty-one of the lesions were classified as diffuse large B cell with multilobulated nuclei. Two patients had local recurrence. Three patients had osteonecrosis develop at the site of their radiation therapy. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier survival estimate was 57.8% (95% confidence interval range, 40–33 82.8). Statistically improved survival was seen in patients younger than 40 years and those patients with diffuse large B cell with multilobulated nuclei. Patients with primary lymphoma of bone did not have a statistically improved survival compared with patients with systemic disease. The results of the current study suggest that age at diagnosis and histologic subtypes are important prognostic factors; however, the diagnosis of primary lymphoma of bone does not confer improved prognosis.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of glabellar lines: determination of optimal dose.

BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin is used to treat glabellar lines, but the optimal dose of Reloxin (Dysport, Ipsen Biopharm Ltd.) for this indication remains to be established. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate three doses of Reloxin to determine its efficacy and safety in treating glabellar lines. METHODS AND MATERIALS Participants were given 20, 50, or 75 U of Reloxin, or placebo, injected across the glabella. Follow-up was on Days 7, 30, 60, 90, and 120. Adverse events were also elicited by telephone on Day 3. RESULTS From investigators' and participants' assessments at Day 30, there were significantly more responders in each Reloxin-treated group than placebo (p< or = 0.001). The 50-U dose was as effective as the 75-U dose, with a similar duration. The most common adverse events were mild headache and nasopharyngitis, occurring similarly in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Reloxin (Dysport/botulinum toxin type A) treatment resulted in a significant improvement in glabellar lines, and the 50-U dose was identified as optimal. All doses were well tolerated.