Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ALD beryllium oxide: Novel barrier layer for high performance gate stacks on Si and high mobility substrates

Electrical and physical characteristics of the atomic layer deposited (ALD) beryllium oxide (BeO) grown on the Si and III–V substrates were evaluated as a barrier layer for metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices. High thermal stability, large energy bandgap (10.6eV), effective diffusion barrier, and low interface defects make BeO an excellent candidate for the interfacial passivation layer in the Si and III–V channel devices.
Gcn4 co‐ordinates morphogenetic and metabolic responses to amino acid starvation in Candida albicans

Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans. It regulates its morphology in response to various environmental signals, but many of these signals are poorly defined. We show that amino acid starvation induces filamentous growth in C.albicans. Also, starvation for a single amino acid (histidine) induces CaHIS4, CaHIS7, CaARO4, CaLYS1 and CaLYS2 gene expression in a manner reminiscent of the GCN response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These morphogenetic and GCN‐like responses are both dependent upon CaGcn4, which is a functional homologue of S.cerevisiae Gcn4. Like ScGcn4, CaGcn4 activates the transcription of amino acid biosynthetic genes via the GCRE element, and CaGcn4 confers resistance to the histidine analogue, 3‐aminotriazole. CaGcn4 interacts with the Ras‐cAMP pathway to promote filamentous growth, but the GCN‐like response is not dependent upon morphogenetic signalling. CaGcn4 acts as a global regulator in C.albicans, co‐ordinating both metabolic and morphogenetic responses to amino acid starvation.
Elevation Plane Spatial Multicell Interference Mitigation with No CSI Sharing

We study downlink transmission in a cellular network with multi-antenna base stations (BSs) and single-antenna users. We propose a novel coordinated transmission strategy that controls the intercell interference (ICI) via exploiting the elevation plane of the wireless channel. The key idea is to divide the area of each cell into two disjoint vertical regions and to serve the non-adjacent vertical regions in the neighboring cells according to a set of pre-determined coordinated transmission patterns. A scheduler is used to dynamically allocate the available time-slots among transmission patterns. By appropriately adapting the elevation angle of the antenna main beam, denoted as tilt, at the BSs in each pattern, ICI can be effectively suppressed. Unlike the state-of-the-art coordinated transmission schemes, the proposed technique requires no channel state information sharing among BSs and/or infeasible BS tilting capabilities, but achieves comparable performance.
A Small-Size Dual-Feed Broadband Circularly Polarized U-Slot Patch Antenna

A small-size broadband circularly polarized U-slot patch antenna with dual-feed is proposed. By introducing an additional feeding probe near the vertical slot of the conventional singly fed square U-slot patch antenna printed on a high-permittivity substrate, two series resonances in close proximity are excited. The two resonant frequencies are found to be independent of the orientation of U-slot with respect to the patch, and broadband circular polarization is achieved by introducing a nonquadrature phase difference between two feeding ports. Experimental results show that the overlapped bandwidth of VSWR ≤ 1.5 and AR ≤ 3 dB is over 20% with a small overall size of 0. 33λ<sub>0</sub> × 0. 33λ<sub>0</sub> × 0. 068λ<sub>0</sub>, where λ<sub>0</sub> is the free-space wavelength at the center frequency within the operating band.
FETOSCOPY GUIDED BY REAL‐TIME ULTRASOUND FOR PURE FETAL BLOOD SAMPLES, FETAL SKIN SAMPLES, AND EXAMINATION OF THE FETUS IN UTERO

Techniques for sampling pure fetal blood, fetal skin and for fetal examination by fetoscopy are described in detail after experience gained in 151 diagnostic fetoscopies on 145 patients. Of particular importance were a real‐time scanner and a particle size analyser. The region of insertion of the umbilical cord into the placenta was the optimum site for obtaining pure fetal blood, and this was achieved in 136 out of 143 patients (95 per cent) sampled at 18 to 23 weeks gestation. This made maternal blood transfusion before prenatal diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies unnecessary. An anterior placenta rarely prevented successful fetoscopy, and often made fetal blood sampling easier. Four fetal losses (3·7 per cent) were judged to be due to fetoscopy.
Pricing Asian Options: A Comparison of Numerical and Simulation Approaches Twenty Years Later

The derivation of Asian option value has posed a challenge to financial mathematicians for the last two decades. Fu, Madan and Wang (1999) made a comparison between the Laplace transform approach and the Monte Carlo approach, and found that the numerical inversion method encountered severe numerical instabilities when volatility was low or maturity was short.In this paper, we seek to answer the question whether it is possible to improve on the efficiency of the inversion, implementing and comparing different numerical algorithms, so that the Laplace transform could be used in real-life situations. We also look into whether today's superior computer environment has changed the relative strength of numerical and simulation approaches with regards to Asian option pricing.Based on an detailed comparison of methods, we find that the speed and reliability of the Laplace transform inversion could be further enhanced, pushing down the prior critical value from 0.01 to 0.005 and calculation time from 20-30 seconds to 3-4 seconds. Also, as a conclusion of our research we suggest that the simulation approach be used when sigma^2*T
THREE "MYOSIN ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE" SYSTEMS: THE NATURE OF THEIR pH LABILITY AND SULFHYDRYL DEPENDENCE

demomistnatiomi of ademiosi mie tn phosphatase ac tivity, two types of striated muscle fibers (Padykula amid Herman. J. Histochem. Cylochem 3: 170. 1955) can be distimiguished. These have been described as the less active type I and the more active type II fibers. It has beemi noted previously (Brooke amid Kaiser. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 17: 431. 1969; (uth amid Samaha. Exp. Neur. 25: 138. 1969) that the ademiosimie triphosphatase (ATPase) systems imi striated muscle fibers have diffenemit
Syntaxin 1B contributes to regulation of the dopaminergic system through GABA transmission in the CNS

In neuronal plasma membrane, two syntaxin isoforms, HPC‐1/syntaxin 1A (STX1A) and syntaxin 1B (STX1B), are predominantly expressed as soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive fusion attachment protein receptors, also known as t‐SNAREs. We previously reported that glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmissions are impaired in Stx1b null mutant (Stx1b−/−) mice but are almost normal in Stx1a null mutant (Stx1a−/−) mice. These observations suggested that STX1A and STX1B have distinct functions in fast synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, recent studies indicated that Stx1a−/− or Stx1a+/− mice exhibit disruption in the monoaminergic system in the CNS, causing unusual behaviour that is similar to neuropsychological alterations observed in psychiatric patients. Here, we studied whether STX1B contributes to the regulation of monoaminergic system and if STX1B is related to neuropsychological properties in human neuropsychological disorders similar to STX1A. We found that monoamine release in vitro was normal in Stx1b+/− mice unlike Stx1a−/− or Stx1a+/− mice, but the basal extracellular dopamine (DA) concentration in the ventral striatum was increased. DA secretion in the ventral striatum is regulated by GABAergic neurons, and Stx1b+/− mice exhibited reduced GABA release both in vitro and in vivo, disrupting the DAergic system in the CNS of these mice. We also found that Stx1b+/− mice exhibited reduced pre‐pulse inhibition (PPI), which is believed to represent one of the prominent schizotypal behavioural profiles of human psychiatric patients. The reduction in PPI was rescued by DA receptor antagonists. These observations indicated that STX1B contributes to excess activity of the DAergic system through regulation of GABAergic transmission.
Regulation of Pdha-2 expression is mediated by proximal promoter sequences and CpG methylation

Spermatogenesis is a complex process requiring the coordinate expression of a number of testis-specific genes. One of these, Pdha-2, codes for the murine spermatogenesis-specific isoform of the E1a subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. To begin to delineate the mechanisms regulating its expression in vivo, we have generated transgenic mice lines carrying Pdha-2 promoter deletion constructs. Here we report that transgenic mice harboring a construct containing only 187 bp of promoter and upstream sequences (core promoter) is sufficient for directing the testis-specific expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. Like the endogenous Pdha-2, the CAT gene is expressed in testis in a stage-specific manner. Our studies also show a correlation between CpG methylation within the core promoter and its capacity to regulate transcription. In NIH 3T3 cell lines stably transfected with the Pdha-2 core promoter-CAT construct, high levels of CAT reporter expression are observed, whereas the endogenous Pdha-2 gene is repressed. In these cells, the CpG dinucleotides residing within the transfected promoter are hypomethylated whereas those residing in the endogenous promoter are methylated. Furthermore, promoter activity can be abated by the in vitro methylation of its CpG dinucleotides. DNase I footprint analysis indicates that at least one site for the methylation-mediated repression may occur through the ATF/cyclic AMP response element binding element located within the core promoter. Mutations within this element reduces activity to approximately 50% of the wild-type promoter activity. These results suggest that tissue-specific gene expression may be modulated by other mechanisms in addition to specific transcription factor availability and cooperativity. We propose that methylation may be a mechanism by which repression of the testis-specific Pdha-2 gene is established in somatic tissue.
Forcasting of Renewable Energy Load with Radial Basis Function (RBF) Neural Networks

This paper focus on radialbasis function (RBF) neural networks, the most popular and widely-used paradigms in many applications, including renewable energy forecasting. It provides an analysis of short term load forecasting STLF performances of RBF neural networks. Precisely, the goal is to forecast the DPcg (difference between the electricity produced from renewable energy sources and consumed), for shortterm horizon. The forecasting accuracy and precision, in capturing nonlinear interdependencies between the load and solar radiation of these neural networks are illustrated and discussed using a data based obtain from an experimental photovoltaic amphitheatre of minimum dimension 0.4kV/10kW.
ANOMALY NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION USING HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL

Cyberattacks become more sophisticated than before, as they involve intelligent planning with respect to the target machine. The current defense products might not be able to correlate diverse sensor input. For example, a client with low security awareness is in the distributed network environment where the target resides might be compromised and unnoticed, which in turn is used as a stepping stone to intrude the target. The conventional signature-based intrusion detection systems might not be able to identify such planned attacks. A state-based classification model is suitable for detecting the attacks composed of a sequence of attack stages. This study defines a sequence of attack states corresponding to the attack stages and the proposed detection system adopts a stated-based classification model, Hidden Markov Model, for detecting such advanced planned attacks. The experimental results show that the proposed detection system can identify the attacks efficiently.
Rehabilitating Equipoise

When may a physician legitimately offer enrollment in a randomized clinical trial (RCT) to her patient? Two answers to this question have had a profound impact on the research ethics literature. Equipoise, as originated by Charles Fried, which we term Fried's equipoise (FE), stipulates that a physician may offer trial enrollment to her patient only when the physician is genuinely uncertain as to the preferred treatment. Clinical equipoise (CE), originated by Benjamin Freedman, requires that there exist a state of honest, professional disagreement in the community of expert practitioners as to the preferred treatment. FE and CE are widely understood as competing concepts. We argue that FE and CE offer separable and, in themselves, incomplete justifications for the conduct of clinical trials. FE articulates conditions under which the fiduciary duties of physician to patient may be upheld in the conduct of research. CE sets out a standard for the social approval of research by institutional review boards. Viewed in this way, FE and CE are not necessarily competing notions, but rather address complementary moral concerns.
A comparison of spectroscopic techniques for human breath analysis

The analysis of human breath has been driven to new heights and has great potential to impact our society in the area of medical science. Breath analysis is promising as non-invasive, simple and point-of-care clinical measurements to reduce the medical burden caused by invasive, time-consuming and expensive clinical devices. Spectroscopic techniques for breath analysis can offer information to correlate its signals to exhaled substances for molecular identification and quantification to provide the pathophysiological status of the body. In this review paper, techniques such as mass spectrometry-based (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry, selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry), laser absorption spectroscopy-based (cavity ring down spectroscopy and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy) and other spectroscopic techniques for breath analysis applications are compared in terms of its advantages/disadvantages, versatilities and plausibility to be transformed in clinical applications.
Comment on 'A congruence index for testing topological similarity between trees'

Testing the congruence of trees is a major task in phylogenetic research. The comparison of different trees allows to assess the similarity of trees originated from different genes or of trees from the same data but reconstructed with different methods. Another important application of phylogenetic comparisons are cospeciation studies. Cospeciation refers to the simultaneous speciation of ecologically associated lineages, e.g. hosts and their parasites. Since cospeciation is not the only reason for congruent host and parasite trees, the task to assess the congruence is denoted as cophylogenetic
Structure and regulation of histone H2B mRNAs from Leishmania enriettii

We have studied the structure and expression of histone H2B mRNA and genes in the parasitic protozoan Leishmania enrietti. A genomic clone containing three tandemly repeated genes has been sequenced and shown to encode three identical histone proteins and two types of closely related mRNA sequence. We have also sequenced three independent cDNA clones and demonstrated that the Leishmania H2B mRNAs are polyadenylated, similar to the basal histone mRNAs of higher eucaryotes and the histone mRNAs of yeast. In addition, the Leishmania mRNAs contain inverted repeats near the poly(A) tail which could form stem-loops similar in secondary structure, but not in sequence, to the 3' stem-loops of nonpolyadenylated replication-dependent histones of higher eucaryotes. Unlike the replication-dependent histones, the Leishmania histone H2B mRNAs do not decrease in abundance following treatment with inhibitors of DNA synthesis. The histone mRNAs are differentially expressed during the parasite life cycle and accumulate to a higher level in the extracellular promastigotes (the form which in nature lives within the gut of the insect vector) than in the intracellular amastigotes (the form that lives within the mammalian host macrophages).
Identification of Hazard and Risk for Glacial Lakes in the Nepal Himalaya Using Satellite Imagery from 2000-2015

Glacial lakes in the Nepal Himalaya can threaten downstream communities and have large socio-economic consequences if an outburst flood occurs. This study identified 131 glacial lakes in Nepal in 2015 that are greater than 0.1 km2 and performed a first-pass hazard and risk assessment for each lake. The hazard assessment included mass entering the lake, the moraine stability, and how lake expansion will alter the lake’s hazard in the next 15–30 years. A geometric flood model was used to quantify potential hydropower systems, buildings, agricultural land, and bridges that could be affected by a glacial lake outburst flood. The hazard and downstream impacts were combined to classify the risk associated with each lake. 11 lakes were classified as very high risk and 31 as high risk. The potential flood volume was also estimated and used to prioritize the glacial lakes that are the highest risk, which included Phoksundo Tal, Tsho Rolpa, Chamlang North Tsho, Chamlang South Tsho, and Lumding Tsho. These results are intended to assist stakeholders and decision makers in making well-informed decisions with respect to the glacial lakes that should be the focus of future field studies, modeling efforts, and risk-mitigation actions.
Studies of the kinetics of growth and regression of 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene-induced mammary adenocarcinoma in Sprague-Dawley rats.

The cell cycle of 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene-induced mammary adenocarcinoma in female Sprague-Dawley rats has been studied by autoradiographic techniques and the lengths of the cell cycle and its phases (hr) are: TC, about 20; TS, 8.5; TG1, about 11.5; TG2, 1.0; TM, about 1.0. The thymidine index is generally low (<10) in growing tumors and is sharply reduced in tumors regressing after ovariectomy. The thymidine index remains low during stasis of growth in tumors regressed by ovariectomy and increases in spontaneously recurring tumors. Administration of estradiol and progesterone to ovariectomized animals with regressed or static tumors results in an approximately 10-fold increase in thymidine index.
Colonization history of atlantic island common chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs) revealed by mitochondrial DNA.

Common chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs) are thought to have colonized the Atlantic island archipelagoes (the Azores, Madeira, and the Canaries) from neighboring continental populations (Iberia and north Africa) within the last million years. However, colonization may have occurred separately from north Africa to the Canaries and from Iberia to the Azores (as would be predicted geographically) or in one wave from Iberia to the Azores and then to Madeira and the Canaries. These alternatives have different implications for the evolution of morphometric and plumage differentiation in island chaffinches. To determine the most likely colonization route, we estimated the phylogenetic relationships among island and continental subspecies of common chaffinch using sequences from four mtDNA genes (cytochrome b, ATPase 6, NADH 5, and the control region). The most strongly supported mtDNA phylogeny places the continental subspecies together as the sister group to a monophyletic clade containing the island subspecies. This is consistent with a single wave of colonization, and suggests that patterns of similarity among Atlantic island common chaffinches, such as blue pigmentation, short wings, and long tarsi, are due to common colonization history rather than to convergent evolution in a common island environment. However, spectral analysis of phylogenetic splits showed that although monophyly of island haplotypes is favored, there is also substantial support for their polyphyletic origin. We attribute the latter to the confounding effect of homoplasy at multistate sites and to the relatively rapid sequence of colonization events which provided insufficient time for the accumulation of strong phylogenetic signal. These problems are likely to be significant impediments in attempts to test hypotheses of phylogenetic histories of recently evolved populations and taxa.
Complete Mitochondrial Sequences for Haplogroups M23 and M46: Insights into the Asian Ancestry of the Malagasy Population

Abstract Through the sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genome of three individuals of Malagasy ancestry, we completed the characterization of the island southeastern Asian specific M46 haplogroup. We assumed that the association of the np 3588 and np 16278 polymorphisms were M46 specific. In addition, we characterized a novel basal M subhaplogroup: M23. This clade can be defined by one coding region transition at np 10295 and one control region transition at np 16263. Our data suggest the arrival of South Asian migrants before the start of the 15th century and highlights the fact that future studies dealing with the settlement of Madagascar should consider at least three potential source populations (Africa, Indonesia, and India).
Mining Social Streams: Models and Applications

Online social networks are rich in terms of structural connections between entities and the content propagated between them. When this data is available as a continuous stream of interactions on the social graph, it is referred to as a social stream . Social streams have several challenges: (1) size of the underlying graph, (2) volume of the interactions, and (3) heterogeneity of the content and type of interactions between the entities. Mining social streams incorporates discovering patterns and trends using both structure and interaction data . In this work, we discuss two important social stream applications: (1) event detection and (2) inﬂu-ence analysis. Event detection is seen as a social stream clustering problem that can be either supervised and unsupervised, depending on the availability of labeled data. While inﬂuence analysis is an unsupervised problem modeled in a query-based framework. We discuss the key characteristics of these two problems, their computational difﬁculties and efﬁcient modeling techniques to address them. Finally, we highlight several challenges and future opportunities for research in this area.
Performance Evaluation of Linear Beamforming Receiver for Large CoMP Sparse Massive MIMO Channel Matrices

A massive multiple-input, multiple-output (mMIMO) downlink is considered with fixed wideband beams known as Grid of Beams (GoBs). The radio channel of a typical urban macro scenario will be shown to be sparse, and in combination with a linear maximum ratio combining beamforming method is used at the user equipment. Simulation results for urban macro cells show that reasonable spectral efficiencies are achieved with a moderate number of relevant channel components (RCCs) and accordingly limited feedback overhead for reporting of channel state information (CSI).
On the Performance of Different Genetic Programming Approaches for the SORTING Problem

In genetic programming, the size of a solution is typically not specified in advance, and solutions of larger size may have a larger benefit. The flexibility often comes at the cost of the so-called bloat problem: individuals grow without providing additional benefit to the quality of solutions, and the additional elements can block the optimization process. Consequently, problems that are relatively easy to optimize cannot be handled by variable-length evolutionary algorithms. In this article, we analyze different single- and multiobjective algorithms on the sorting problem, a problem that typically lacks independent and additive fitness structures. We complement the theoretical results with comprehensive experiments to indicate the tightness of existing bounds, and to indicate bounds where theoretical results are missing.