Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Decomposition-Based Evolutionary Algorithm for Many Objective Optimization

Decomposition-based evolutionary algorithms have been quite successful in solving optimization problems involving two and three objectives. Recently, there have been some attempts to exploit the strengths of decomposition-based approaches to deal with many objective optimization problems. Performance of such approaches are largely dependent on three key factors: 1) means of reference point generation; 2) schemes to simultaneously deal with convergence and diversity; and 3) methods to associate solutions to reference directions. In this paper, we introduce a decomposition-based evolutionary algorithm wherein uniformly distributed reference points are generated via systematic sampling, balance between convergence and diversity is maintained using two independent distance measures, and a simple preemptive distance comparison scheme is used for association. In order to deal with constraints, an adaptive epsilon formulation is used. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using standard benchmark problems, i.e., DTLZ1-DTLZ4 for 3, 5, 8, 10, and 15 objectives, WFG1-WFG9, the car side impact problem, the water resource management problem, and the constrained ten-objective general aviation aircraft design problem. Results of problems involving redundant objectives and disconnected Pareto fronts are also included in this paper to illustrate the capability of the algorithm. The study clearly highlights that the proposed algorithm is better or at par with recent reference direction-based approaches for many objective optimization.
Transcriptome Profiling Reveals TGF-β Signaling Involvement in Epileptogenesis

Brain injury may result in the development of epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders. We previously demonstrated that albumin is critical in the generation of epilepsy after blood–brain barrier (BBB) compromise. Here, we identify TGF-β pathway activation as the underlying mechanism. We demonstrate that direct activation of the TGF-β pathway by TGF-β1 results in epileptiform activity similar to that after exposure to albumin. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed binding of albumin to TGF-β receptor II, and Smad2 phosphorylation confirmed downstream activation of this pathway. Transcriptome profiling demonstrated similar expression patterns after BBB breakdown, albumin, and TGF-β1 exposure, including modulation of genes associated with the TGF-β pathway, early astrocytic activation, inflammation, and reduced inhibitory transmission. Importantly, TGF-β pathway blockers suppressed most albumin-induced transcriptional changes and prevented the generation of epileptiform activity. Our present data identifies the TGF-β pathway as a novel putative epileptogenic signaling cascade and therapeutic target for the prevention of injury-induced epilepsy.
Conversion of a trans‐spliced C. elegans gene into a conventional gene by introduction of a splice donor site.

In Caenorhabditis elegans, pre‐mRNAs that are trans‐spliced are distinguished by the presence of an ‘outron’, intron‐like RNA at the 5′ end followed by a splice acceptor. We report that trans‐splicing of the rol‐6 gene can be completely suppressed simply by introducing a donor site into its 173 nt outron, at a site 50 nt upstream of the trans‐splice site, thereby converting rol‐6 into a conventional gene with a spliced intron near its 5′ end. When the consensus donor site was inserted at sites further upstream it was less effective in replacing transplicing with cis‐splicing. Surprisingly, the length of the intron was not the important variable, since lengthening of the 50 nt intron to 250 nt did not restore trans‐splicing. Apparently the context into which the splice site was introduced determined the efficiency of its use. These results support the conclusion that the sole signal for trans‐splicing is the presence of an outron. Clearly, cis‐ and trans‐splice acceptor sites are interchangeable, allowing the possibility of competition between the two types of splicing.
Transitioning the Second-Generation Antihistamines to Over-the-Counter Status: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Background. A U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory committee deemed the second-generation antihistamines (SGA) safe for over-the-counter use against the preliminary opposition of the manufacturers. As a result, loratadine is now available over-the-counter. First-generation antihistamines (FGA) are associated with an increased risk of unintentional injuries, fatalities, and reduced productivity. Access to SGA over-the-counter could result in decreased use of FGA, thereby reducing deleterious outcomes. The societal impact of transitioning this class of medications from prescription to over-the-counter status has important policy implications. Objective. To examine the cost-effectiveness of transitioning SGA to over-the-counter status from a societal perspective. Research Design. A simulation model of the decision to transition SGA to over-the-counter status was compared with retaining prescription-only status for a hypothetical cohort of individuals with allergic rhinitis in the United States. Estimates of costs and effectiveness were obtained from the medical literature and national surveys. Sensitivity analysis was performed using a second-order Monte Carlo simulation. Main Outcome Measures. Discounted, quality-adjusted life-years saved as a result of amelioration of allergic rhinitis symptoms and avoidance of motor vehicle, occupational, public and home injuries and fatalities; discounted direct and indirect costs. Results. Availability of SGA over-the-counter was associated with annual savings of $4 billion ($2.4–5.3 billion) or $100 ($64–137) per allergic rhinitis sufferer and 135,061 time-discounted quality-adjusted life years (84,913–191,802). The sensitivity analysis provides evidence in support of these results. Conclusion. Making SGA available over-the-counter is both cost-saving and more effective for society, largely as a result of reduced adverse outcomes associated with FGA-induced sedation. Further study is needed to determine the differential impact on specific vulnerable populations.
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 VP22 Enhances the Efficacy of a DNA Vaccine in Cattle

ABSTRACT For this study, the intercellular trafficking ability of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) VP22 was applied to improve the efficacy of a DNA vaccine in calves. A plasmid encoding a truncated version of glycoprotein D (tgD) fused to VP22 was constructed. The plasmid encoding tgD-VP22 elicited significantly enhanced and more balanced immune responses than those induced by a plasmid encoding tgD. Furthermore, protection against a BHV-1 challenge was obtained in calves immunized with the plasmid encoding tgD-VP22, as shown by significant reductions in viral excretion. However, less significant protection was observed for animals vaccinated with the tgD-expressing plasmid, correlating with the lower level of immunity observed prechallenge. This is the first report of the use of VP22 as a transport molecule in the context of a DNA vaccine for a large animal species.
Laminin-5 Expression Is Independent of the Injury and the Microenvironment During Reepithelialization of Wounds

We examined the expression of laminin-5 and its integrin receptors during reepithelialization of human wounds. We used suction blisters of skin as a model of keratinocyte migration on a basement membrane matrix and mucosal full-thickness wounds as a model in which keratinocytes migrate in a provisional matrix. An animal model, in which human epidermal keratinocytes were injected into the back of athymic mice, was used to follow the deposition of the basement membrane components. In 4-day-old blisters, about 20–50 cells at the leading edge of the migrating tongue showed cytoplasmic laminin-5 immunostaining. Laminin-5 mRNA was detected in 15–30 cells at the leading edge of the migrating epidermis. α3β1 and α6β4 integrins were found in membrane projections of the migrating basal cells and also in suprabasal cell layers, suggesting their combined role in binding laminin-5. In mucosal wounds, laminin-5 was the only basement membrane zone component that was deposited between the clot and the migrating keratinocytes. In the animal model, linear deposition of laminin-5 and α6β4 integrin was already seen on Day 2, whereas the other basement membrane zone components were not yet organized. The results suggest that, regardless of the injury and the microenvironment, laminin-5 plays an essential role in the interaction between wound keratinocytes and the surrounding matrix.
Miniaturized Single-Feed Multiband Patch Antennas

This communication introduces an approach for designing miniaturized single-feed multiband patch antennas. The size reduction is obtained by loading shorting metalized vias on one edge of the radiating patch, while multiband is obtained by etching inverted multiple U-shapes. A dual-band antenna with a large measured frequency ratio of 2.74 is first discussed. Then triple-band, and further quad-band antennas are, respectively, designed. The antennas have sufficient electrical small size when considering the radius of the minimum enclosing sphere to the radiating patch. A radius value of $0.09\lambda _{0}$ is obtained for the quad-band antenna with respect to the lowest operating frequency centered at 3.04 GHz. Simulated and measured results of the antennas’ reflection coefficient and radiation patterns are provided. Good agreement between the simulation results and measurement results is achieved. The antennas’ measured peak gains and efficiencies vary from 1.43 to 3.06 dBi and 42% to 74%, respectively. Compared with other designs, the proposed antennas exhibit multiband performance by using a simple single-feed structure, realize different combinations of highly isolated frequency bands with wide tunability of frequency ratios, and have directional stable radiation patterns that are compact and of electrically small size. Indeed, they have the potential to meet the practical requirements for wireless applications.
Physical activity levels and patterns of 19-month-old children.

PURPOSE It is a commonly held perception that most young children are naturally active and meet physical activity recommendations. However, there is no scientific evidence available on which to confirm or refute such perceptions. The purpose of this study was to describe the physical activity levels and patterns of Australian toddlers. METHODS Physical activity and demographic data of two hundred ninety-five 19-month-old children from the Melbourne InFANT Program were measured using accelerometers and parent surveys. Validated cut points of 192-1672 and >1672 counts per minute were used to determine time spent in light- (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous- (MVPA) intensity physical activity, respectively. To be included in the analysis, children were required to have four valid days of accelerometer data to provide an acceptable (>0.70) reliability estimate of LPA and MVPA. Physical activity data for different periods of the day were examined. RESULTS On average, toddlers engaged in 184 min of LPA and 47 min of MVPA daily, and 90.5% met the current Australian physical activity recommendations for 0- to 5-yr-olds (180 min of LPA/MVPA per day). Physical activity levels during mid morning and mid afternoon were higher than those during other periods. Physical activity patterns for boys and girls were similar, although boys engaged in more physical activity during the morning hours than girls did. CONCLUSIONS Most children meet the physical activity recommendations, although the majority of activity undertaken in the study was of light intensity. Boys were more active than girls were in the morning hours, but there were no differences between sexes over the entire day. Certain periods of the day may hold more promise for intervention implementation than others do.
A practicable educational contents sharing system utilizing Knoppix Edu Series the 1 CD bootable Linux teaching tools

A practicable educational contents sharing system utilizing Knoppix Edu series is described. Knoppix Edu means "Knoppix for Education". Knoppix Edu is a customized version of original Knoppix by authors. Some cases applied to electronics engineering field's education in university and high schools are reported in this paper. Knoppix is a bootable Linux CD with a collection of so called open source software (OSS). Knoppix Edu itself has an automatic hardware detection system and supports for many devices and other peripherals. Since it is not necessary to install anything on a hard disk, low cost and high portability are expected. This is a great feature for educational use. The more important point is that customization and redistribution are permitted, therefore, every school or class can make their original Knoppix and share educational contents each other. By using this Knoppix Edu system, great advantages in academic education are confirmed and Inter-school educational contents sharing network could be established.
Purification and properties of the Rous sarcoma virus internal enhancer binding factor

The internal enhancer binding factor (IBF) that specifically binds sequences within the gag gene internal enhancer of Rous sarcoma virus Schmidt-Ruppin A was purified to near homogeneity from BHK cells. The polypeptides that constituted IBF DNA-binding activity were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis. As isolated from BHK cells, IBF consisted of two different but related polypeptides. One (IBF alpha) had a molecular weight of 40,000; the other (IBF beta) had a molecular weight of 20,000 and appeared to be a proteolytic product of IBF alpha. The site within the gag gene to which IBF bounds in vitro (internal enhancer site 2; nucleotides 856 to 878 of the Rous sarcoma virus genome) were demonstrated to function as a cis-acting transcriptional stimulatory element both in vivo and in vitro. By using HeLa cell nuclear transcription extracts, purified IBF was found to function as a trans-acting transcription factor that stimulated transcription in vitro. Purified IBF was also demonstrated to be very similar to EBP20 (K. Carlberg, T. A. Ryden, and K. Beemon, J. Virol. 62:1617-1624, 1988), and it may well belong to the same family of DNA-binding proteins.
Experiments on Electronic Double Auctions and Abnormal Trades

The flash crash experienced by U.S. markets in May 2010 provided stark evidence that a large trade can have a powerful influence. We explore the impact of an unusual trade on behavior inexperimental bubbles markets. We chose the experimental design proposed by Smith, Suchanek, and Williams (1988) because replication shows it produces markets prone to mispricing. After several rounds of trading, our markets receive a large quantity order at an extreme price. In a standard double auction bubble market, pricing is unaffected by an abnormal order. However, with increased uncertainty about the underlying economic value of the asset, over-pricing weakens on arrival of a negative price shock.
Discontinuous Random Space Vector Modulation for Electric Drives: A Digital Approach

Space vector modulation (SVM), with its many advantages over classical pulsewidth modulation technique (PWM), is gaining in popularity. However, only deterministic SVM exists. Randomized PWM (RPWM) with its cleaner harmonic spectrum is gaining interest for industrial applications required to meet electromagnetic compatibility standards. Inverter switching losses are optimized and life expectancy can be increased using a suitable discontinuous modulation technique. Here, we present, a discontinuous and randomized-modulation technique based on space vector calculation, intended for electric-drive oriented hybrid electric vehicle, which has the advantages of SVM and clean harmonic-spectrum and the efficiency of RPWM and DPWM, respectively.
Unraveling the cerebellar cortex: Cytology and cellular physiology of large-sized interneurons in the granular layer

Neuronal network behaviors emerge from complex interactions between excitatory relay cells, principal cells and inhibitory interneurons. Therefore, characterizing homogeneous cell types and their properties is an essential step towards understanding information processing in the brain. The cerebellar cortex is generally described as a repetitive circuit composed of only five cell types. However, recent studies have revealed an unexpected diversity in the morphological, neurochemical and electrophysiological properties of the large-sized granular layer interneurons. These data are reviewed here with an emphasis on the synaptic interactions of the different cell types within the cerebellar cortex. The existence of a complex network of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons controlling the spatial and temporal pattern of granule cell firing is documented, providing insights into the cellular and synaptic processes underlying oscillations and synchronization in the cerebellar cortex.
Tourism statistics

Tourism statistics are key sources of information for economic planners, tourism researchers, and operators. Still, several cases of data inadequacy and inaccuracy are reported in literature. The aim of this article is to propose a methodology useful to improve tourism statistics: a modified version of the Coarsened Exact Matching. The methodological steps herein proposed provide tourism statisticians and authorities with a tool to improve the reliability of available sample surveys. Data from a Chilean region are used to illustrate the method. This study contributes to the realm of tourism statistics literature in that it offers a new methodological approach to the creation of accurate and adequate tourism data.
474 False-Positive CT Gas Cisternogram

Nonfilling of the normal internal auditory canal on computed tomographic (eT) gas cisternography was observed in seven (11 % ) of 62 cases in a retrospective study of three series of gas cisternograms. The meatal surface of the fluid-filled canal was convex and pointed , simulating a small acoustic neuroma. A meniscus effect at the gas-cerebrospinal fluid interface was considered the probable cause Of nonfilling of the canal with gas. Shaking the patient 's head briskly after injection of gas into the spinal fluid will facilitate filling of the internal auditory canal with gas. Bone erosion in the canal or meatus suggests the presence of acoustic neuroma. In the absence of conclusive findings of neuroma, perSistent nonfilling of the canal is an indication for repeat cisternography with an alternate contrast medium.
Chromatin remodeling by GAGA factor and heat shock factor at the hypersensitive Drosophila hsp26 promoter in vitro.

The chromatin structure at the Drosophila hsp26 promoter in vivo is characterized by two DNase I‐hypersensitive (DH) sites harboring regulatory elements. Proximal and distal DH sites are separated by a positioned nucleosome. To study the contribution of transcription factors to the establishment of this specific chromatin configuration we assembled nucleosomes on the hsp26 promoter using a cell‐free reconstitution system derived from fly embryos. Both DH sites were readily reconstituted from extract components. They were separated by a nucleosome which was less strictly positioned than its in vivo counterpart. The interactions of GAGA factor and heat shock factor with their binding sites in chromatin occurred in two modes. Their interaction with binding sites in the nucleosome‐free regions did not require ATP. In the presence of ATP both factors interacted also with nucleosomal binding sites, causing nucleosome rearrangements and a refinement of nucleosome positions. While chromatin remodeling upon transcription factor interaction has previously been interpreted to involve nucleosome disruption, the data suggest energy‐dependent nucleosome sliding as main principle of chromatin reorganization.
Selective stabilization by the bacteriophage 434 repressor of the plasmid expressing bovine growth hormone in Escherichia coli

The maintenance of a plasmid vector-host system that selects for bacteria carrying the plasmid without the need for antibiotics is described. In this system, the bacteriophage 434 repressor gene cloned on the plasmid protects the host from lysis by a lambda imm434 cI- prophage. Cells that occasionally lose the plasmid are killed by prophage induction and therefore do not accumulate in the growing culture. The presence of the phage 434 repressor in the cells does not interfere with the process of lambda repressor inactivation and the high-level production of bovine growth hormone.
A threat modeling method based on Kalman filter for UAV path planning

For low altitude penetration task, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) need to accomplish its task with collision free. However, due to the uncertainties in the flight environment, the application of UAV is undoubtedly affected in the actual complex flight environment. This paper presents a method based on Kalman filter to evaluate the risk of UAVs under the precondition of distance sensor noise, GPS sensor noise and model estimation noise, aiming to provide the security flight space. Meanwhile, experimental results verify the correctness of the algorithm.
Visual cortical circuits revealed using fMRI and ICA

This research used the Infomax ICA algorithm to search for independent circuits within the functional activity evoked during saccadic and vergence tracking fMRI experiments. Image processing determined independent components from each subject's data and then identified which components had high correlation between subjects. Using the individual independent components that had high correlation between subjects, a group ICA was performed. The temporal properties between ROIs were then examined. The results of this study indicated that there are two separate spatial pathways; fronto-parietal and cerebellum, involved in oculomotor tracking tasks and the cerebellar pathway was delayed compared to the fronto-parietal component.
Acetylation status does not affect levosimendan's hemodynamic effects in heart failure patients

Abstract Objective. Levosimendan is indicated for acute heart failure. The formation of levosimendan's active metabolite OR-1896 is dependent on the acetylator status. We evaluated whether acetylator status affects the hemodynamic responses after levosimendan infusion. Methods. Forty-one NYHA III to IV heart failure patients were divided into rapid and slow acetylators by population kinetic modeling. Invasive hemodynamics and plasma concentrations of levosimendan and its metabolites were followed serially. Results. Fifty-six percent of the patients were rapid and 44% slow acetylators. Levosimendan induced increases in heart rate and cardiac output, and decreases in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and blood pressure, which were sustained at 24 hours after stopping the infusion. At this time, levosimendan levels were undetectable, and OR-1896 levels were about two-fold higher in rapid acetylators. However, hemodynamic effects were similar; mean(SEM) change from baseline in cardiac output was +2.0(0.3) vs. +1.6(0.3) l/min (p = 0.309), and in PCWP −8(2) vs. −7(1) mmHg (p = 0.536), in rapid and slow acetylators, respectively. Conclusion. The sustained hemodynamic effects of levosimendan are similar irrespective of acetylator status.