Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Approach for Named Entity Recognition

This paper proposes the Named Entity Recognition (NER) system for Punjabi language using a hybrid approach in which rule based approach and machine learning approach i.e. Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is combined. With no Dataset available, the Named Entities (NEs) were manually tagged which led us to the creation of training and testing dataset, under the linguistic supervision. Using hybrid approach, the proposed system is able to recognize Name of person, Location, Time, Date, Designation, Organization, Titleperson, Event, Abbreviation, Facility, Number, Artifact, Relation and Measure. This paper presents two versions of NER for Punjabi language, the first version is designed with HMM only and the second version is designed hybrid approach in which HMM is used in combination with handcrafted rules. NER system with proposed hybrid approach is able to achieve the precision of 72.92%, Recall of 76.27%, F-measure of 74.56% with hybrid approach and Precision, Recall and F-measure of 47.57%, 48.98%, 48.27% respectively has been achieved by using HMM only. This paper has also compared proposed method with simple HMM and observed that proposed NER system performs better. General Terms Named Entity recognition, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Hybrid approach.
Study of the effects of stalling events on the quality of experience of mobile streaming videos

We have created a new mobile video database that models distortions caused by network impairments. In particular, we simulate stalling events and startup delays in over-the-top (OTT) mobile streaming videos. We describe the way we simulated diverse stalling events to create a corpus of distorted videos and the human study we conducted to obtain subjective scores. We also analyzed the ratings to understand the impact of several factors that influence the quality of experience (QoE). To the best of our knowledge, ours is the most comprehensive and diverse study on the effects of stalling events on QoE. We are making the database publicly available [1] in order to help advance state-of-the-art research on user-centric mobile network planning and management.
Storage effects on the Cole-Cole parameters of erythrocyte suspensions

Chemical alterations of red blood cells (RBCs) during storage eventually affect the electrical properties of blood. In this study, the physiological parameters such as extracellular (SAGM + CPD + residual plasma) Na+, K+, Cl−, pH, 2,3-DPG and ATP together with the Cole-Cole parameters were measured using erythrocyte suspensions from 51 male donors (31 donors form the training set and 20 donors are used for testing), on the 0th, 10th, 21st, 35th and 42nd days of storage. During storage, while the surrounding fluid resistance (Re) and the effective cell membrane capacitance (Cm) increased progressively with time, the intracellular fluid resistance (Ri) has decreased. Storage of RBCs resulted in a rise in K+ and a fall in Na+, Cl−, pH, 2,3-DPG and ATP. Accordingly, electrical parameters were all correlated with Na+, K+, Cl−, pH and ATP at varying levels. By applying multi-regression analysis, it is concluded that Ri, Re and Cm are appropriate for modeling Na+, K+, Cl−, pH and ATP during storage.
Grain size determination for parallel processing

A method called grain packing is proposed as a way to optimize parallel programs. A grain is defined as one or more concurrently executing program modules. A grain begins executing as soon as all of its inputs are available, and terminates only after all of its outputs have been computed. Grain packing reduces total execution time by balancing execution time and communication time. Used with an optimizing scheduler, it gives consistently better results than human-engineered scheduling and packing. The method is language-independent and is applicable to both extended serial and concurrent programming languages, including Occam, Fortran, and Pascal. <<ETX>>
Is the degree of food processing and convenience linked with the nutritional quality of foods purchased by US households?

BACKGROUND "Processed foods" are defined as any foods other than raw agricultural commodities and can be categorized by the extent of changes occurring in foods as a result of processing. Conclusions about the association between the degree of food processing and nutritional quality are discrepant. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine 2000-2012 trends in the contribution of processed and convenience food categories to purchases by US households and to compare saturated fat, sugar, and sodium content of purchases across levels of processing and convenience. DESIGN We analyzed purchases of consumer packaged goods for 157,142 households from the 2000-2012 Homescan Panel. We explicitly defined categories for classifying products by degree of industrial processing and separately by convenience of preparation. We classified >1.2 million products through use of barcode-specific descriptions and ingredient lists. Median saturated fat, sugar, and sodium content and the likelihood that purchases exceeded maximum daily intake recommendations for these components were compared across levels of processing or convenience by using quantile and logistic regression. RESULTS More than three-fourths of energy in purchases by US households came from moderately (15.9%) and highly processed (61.0%) foods and beverages in 2012 (939 kcal/d per capita). Trends between 2000 and 2012 were stable. When classifying foods by convenience, ready-to-eat (68.1%) and ready-to-heat (15.2%) products supplied the majority of energy in purchases. The adjusted proportion of household-level food purchases exceeding 10% kcal from saturated fat, 15% kcal from sugar, and 2400 mg sodium/2000 kcal simultaneously was significantly higher for highly processed (60.4%) and ready-to-eat (27.1%) food purchases than for purchases of less-processed foods (5.6%) or foods requiring cooking/preparation (4.9%). CONCLUSIONS Highly processed food purchases are a dominant, unshifting part of US purchasing patterns, but highly processed foods may have higher saturated fat, sugar, and sodium content than less-processed foods. Wide variation in nutrient content suggests food choices within categories may be important.
Longitudinal changes of CSF biomarkers in memory clinic patients

Objective: In Alzheimer disease (AD), longitudinal changes of beta-amyloid1-42 (Aβ1-42), tau, and phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 (ptau-181) in CSF have been reported in small studies only. We evaluated the natural course of CSF biomarkers in patients with AD, subjective complaints, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: One hundred five patients (50 AD, 38 MCI, 17 subjective complaints) underwent two lumbar punctures, with a mean interval of 21 ± 9 months. CSF levels of Aβ1-42, tau, and ptau-181 were measured. Results: CSF Aβ1-42 and tau levels showed main effects for both diagnosis and time (all p < 0.05), with average increases of 47 ± 72 and 49 ± 143 pg/mL. The interaction terms were not significant, which implies a similar time effect for all diagnostic groups. CSF ptau-181 levels showed a main effect for diagnosis (p = 0.01) but not for time (p = 0.27, increase of 1.0 ± 12 pg/mL). Conclusion: Levels of CSF beta-amyloid1-42 and tau but not phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 increased over time in this memory clinic patient cohort with comparable change in all diagnostic groups. The cross-sectional difference between diagnostic groups, however, exceeded by far the longitudinal changes within individuals, suggesting that these biomarkers are not sensitive as markers of disease progression.
Environmental Health: a Global Access Science Source Lung Function, Asthma Symptoms, and Quality of Life for Children in Public Housing in Boston: a Case-series Analysis

Background: Children in urban public housing are at high risk for asthma, given elevated environmental and social exposures and suboptimal medical care. For a multifactorial disease like asthma, design of intervention studies can be influenced by the relative prevalence of key risk factors. To better understand risk factors for asthma morbidity in the context of an environmental intervention study, we conducted a detailed baseline evaluation of 78 children (aged 4–17 years) from three public housing developments in Boston.
Spatially sparsed Common Spatial Pattern to improve BCI performance

Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) is widely used in discriminating two classes of EEG in Brain Computer Interface applications. However, the performance of the CSP algorithm is affected by noise and artifacts, and the problem is more pronounced in small training data. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper proposes a new Spatially Sparsed CSP (SS-CSP) algorithm by inducing sparsity in the spatial filters. The proposed algorithm optimizes the spatial filters to emphasize the regions that have high variances between classes, and attenuates the regions with low or irregular variances which can be due to noise or artifacts. The experimental results on 14 subjects from publicly available BCI competition datasets showed that the proposed SSCSP algorithm significantly improved the performance of the subjects with poor CSP accuracy by an average of 11%. The results also showed that the obtained sparse spatial filters are more neurophysilogically relevant.
Effects of reduction and size of graphene on mechanical and electrical properties of graphene oxide papers

The effects of graphene oxide (GO) size and reduction method on mechanical property and electrical conductivity of GO papers are studied. GO sheets are prepared using the modified Hummers method and GO papers are fabricated through vacuum filtration of GO aqueous dispersions. To study the size effect, the as-prepared GO dispersion is sorted into four different groups with uniform sizes after repeated centrifugation and collection of supernatant. It is found that the Young’s modulus, tensile strength and electrical conductivity increase consistently with increasing the GO size. Three methods, including hydrazine reduction, hydrogen iodide reduction and thermal treatment, are employed to reduce the GO sheets. The highest electrical conductivity of 139,000 S/m is obtained after thermal reduction. The mechanisms responsible for these observations are discussed based on the elemental, structural and morphological analyses of GO and reduced GO sheets.
Digital imaging in transmission electron microscopy

The digital revolution currently under way, as evidenced by the rapid development of the Internet and the world‐wide‐web technologies, is undoubtedly impacting the field of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Digital imaging systems based on charge‐coupled device (CCD) technologies, with pixel array size up to 2 k × 2 k at the present and increasing, are available for TEM applications and offer many attractions. Is it time to phase out film cameras on TEMs and close the darkrooms for good? This paper reviews digital imaging technologies for TEM at different voltages, and contrasts the performance of digital imaging systems with that of TEM film. The performance characteristics of CCD‐based digital imaging systems, as well as methods for assessing them, are discussed. Other approaches to digital imaging are also briefly reviewed.
Globally optimal stitching of tiled 3D microscopic image acquisitions

Motivation: Modern anatomical and developmental studies often require high-resolution imaging of large specimens in three dimensions (3D). Confocal microscopy produces high-resolution 3D images, but is limited by a relatively small field of view compared with the size of large biological specimens. Therefore, motorized stages that move the sample are used to create a tiled scan of the whole specimen. The physical coordinates provided by the microscope stage are not precise enough to allow direct reconstruction (Stitching) of the whole image from individual image stacks. Results: To optimally stitch a large collection of 3D confocal images, we developed a method that, based on the Fourier Shift Theorem, computes all possible translations between pairs of 3D images, yielding the best overlap in terms of the cross-correlation measure and subsequently finds the globally optimal configuration of the whole group of 3D images. This method avoids the propagation of errors by consecutive registration steps. Additionally, to compensate the brightness differences between tiles, we apply a smooth, non-linear intensity transition between the overlapping images. Our stitching approach is fast, works on 2D and 3D images, and for small image sets does not require prior knowledge about the tile configuration. Availability: The implementation of this method is available as an ImageJ plugin distributed as a part of the Fiji project (Fiji is just ImageJ: http://pacific.mpi-cbg.de/). Contact: tomancak@mpi-cbg.de
Sparse Bilingual Word Representations for Cross-lingual Lexical Entailment

We introduce the task of cross-lingual lexical entailment, which aims to detect whether the meaning of a word in one language can be inferred from the meaning of a word in another language. We construct a gold standard for this task, and propose an unsupervised solution based on distributional word representations. As commonly done in the monolingual setting, we assume a worde entails a wordf if the prominent context features of e are a subset of those of f . To address the challenge of comparing contexts across languages, we propose a novel method for inducing sparse bilingual word representations from monolingual and parallel texts. Our approach yields an Fscore of 70%, and significantly outperforms strong baselines based on translation and on existing word representations.
Effect of the Min System on Timing of Cell Division in Escherichia coli

In Escherichia coli the Min protein system plays an important role in positioning the division site. We show that this system also has an effect on timing of cell division. We do this in a quantitative way by measuring the cell division waiting time (defined as time difference between appearance of a division site and the division event) and the Z-ring existence time. Both quantities are found to be different in WT and cells without functional Min system. We develop a series of theoretical models whose predictions are compared with the experimental findings. Continuous improvement leads to a final model that is able to explain all relevant experimental observations. In particular, it shows that the chromosome segregation defect caused by the absence of Min proteins has an important influence on timing of cell division. Our results indicate that the Min system affects the septum formation rate. In the absence of the Min proteins this rate is reduced, leading to the observed strongly randomized cell division events and the longer division waiting times.
WYSIWYM - building user interfaces with natural language feedback

WYSIWYM ('What you see is what you meant') is a user-interface technique which uses natural language generation (NLG) technology to provide feedback for user interactions. To date, the technology has been applied in a number of demonstrator applications, using customised, non-portable implementations. In this demonstration, we introduce a WYSIWYM library package, designed to be used as a modular component of a larger JAVA-based application. We show how the overall design of the package aims to support a range of possible applications using simple configuration options and JAVA subclassing, and illustrate the approach using examples ranging from the simplest proof-of-concept application to a complex web-delivered authoring tool for pharmaceutical leaflets.
Some Results on Search Complexity vs Accuracy

This paper presents three different techniques applied in or devel- oped during the 1996 Hub-4 broadcast news transcription task. First, an efficient shortest path graph searchalgorithm is applied to the word lattice created by Viterbi search, producing a globally optimum result. This reduces the word error rate by about 3-10% (relative), depending on the test set. The execution time is at or close to real time for most utterances. Second, a segmented N-best listgeneration algorithm is described for producing compact N-best lists for very long utterances. Finally, a temporal smoothingtechnique is com- pared to deleted interpolation. On one test set, temporal smoothing reduces the error rate by 3% for an 8% increase in search cost, while the latter improves by 6% for a 50% increase in search cost.
[Pharmacokinetics of the alkaloids from the processed seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica in rats].

AIM To study the pharmacokinetic process about the concentration in rat plasma of the alkaloids from processed seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica with RP-HPLC method. METHODS Hypersil BDS C18 column was used and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water at the flow rate of 0.8 mL.min-1. The UV detection wave length was 254 nm. RESULTS The concentration-time data of strychnine, brucine, strychnine N-oxide and brucine N-oxide were all in accordance with an open two-compartment model after i.v. alkaloids. Their parameters were as follows: T1/2 alpha were (8 +/- 5), (4 +/- 3), (6.2 +/- 1.7) and (3.0 +/- 0.8) min, T1/2 beta were (262 +/- 125), (416 +/- 131), (285 +/- 50) and (342 +/- 141) min, CL were (17 +/- 4), (21 +/- 12), (1.9 +/- 1.8) and (2.8 +/- 1.1) mL.min-1, Vc were (1.4 +/- 0.5), (1.7 +/- 1.1), (0.24 +/- 0.16) and (0.23 +/- 0.06) L.kg-1, Vd were (6.0 +/- 1.2), (12 +/- 7), (0.8 +/- 0.6) and (1.5 +/- 0.6) L.kg-1, AUC were (57,578 +/- 25,578), (35,240 +/- 15,616), (93,088 +/- 22,375) and (177,712 +/- 120,110) h.microgram. L-1, respectively. CONCLUSION The method is a good reference for pharmacokinetics in human bodies.
Is there evidence for additional neutrino species from cosmology

It has been suggested that recent cosmological and flavor-oscillation data favor the existence of additional neutrino species beyond the three predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics. We apply Bayesian model selection to determine whether there is indeed any evidence from current cosmological datasets for the standard cosmological model to be extended to include additional neutrino flavors. The datasets employed include cosmic microwave background temperature, polarization and lensing power spectra, and measurements of the baryon acoustic oscillation scale and the Hubble constant. We also consider other extensions to the standard neutrino model, such as massive neutrinos, and possible degeneracies with other cosmological parameters. The Bayesian evidence indicates that current cosmological data do not require any non-standard neutrino properties.
Best Practices and Recommendations for Crowdsourced QoE - Lessons learned from the Qualinet Task Force Crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing is a popular approach that outsources tasks via the Internet to a large number of users. Commercial crowdsourcing platforms provide a global pool of users employed for performing short and simple online tasks. For quality assessment of multimedia services and applications, crowdsourcing enables new possibilities by moving the subjective test into the crowd resulting in larger diversity of the test subjects, faster turnover of test campaigns, and reduced costs due to low reimbursement costs of the participants. Further, crowdsourcing allows easily addressing additional features like real-life environments. This white paper summarizes the recommendations and best practices for crowdsourced quality assessment of multimedia applications from the Qualinet Task Force on “Crowdsourcing”. The European Network on Quality of Experience in Multimedia Systems and Services Qualinet (COST Action IC 1003, see www.qualinet.eu) established this task force in 2012 which has more than 30 members. The recommendation paper resulted from the experience in designing, implementing, and conducting crowdsourcing experiments as well as the analysis of the crowdsourced user ratings and context data.
High-dimensional similarity joins

Many emerging data mining applications require a similarity join between points in a high-dimensional domain. We present a new algorithm that utilizes a new index structure, called the /spl epsiv/-kdB tree, for fast spatial similarity joins on high-dimensional points. This index structure reduces the number of neighboring leaf nodes that are considered for the join test, as well as the traversal cost of finding appropriate branches in the internal nodes. The storage cost for internal nodes is independent of the number of dimensions. Hence the proposed index structure scales to high-dimensional data. Empirical evaluation, using synthetic and real-life datasets, shows that similarity join using the /spl epsiv/-kdB tree is 2 to an order of magnitude faster than the R/sup +/ tree, with the performance gap increasing with the number of dimensions.
Constraint-based Motion Adaptation the Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation

Keywords: 1 Today's computer animators have access to many systems and techniques to author high quality motion. Unfortunately, available techniques typically produce a particular motion for a specific character. In this paper, we present a constraint-based approach to adapt previously created motions to new situations and characters. We combine constraint methods that compute changes to motion to meet specified needs with motion-signal processing methods that modify signals yet preserve desired properties of the original motion. The combination allows the adaptation of motions to meet new goals while retaining much of the motion's original quality.
Spatially and temporally correlated MIMO channels: performance evaluating of space-time block code

Most existing space-time block code (STBC) schemes have been developed for flat and quasi-static fading channels. Recently, Geoffrey et al. propose a general geometric spatially and temporally correlated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel model, which considers motion of the receiver and nonisotropic scattering at both ends of the radio link and give the compact closed-form space-time cross-correlation function. Simultaneously, the outage and ergodic capacity of this channel is investigated based on this model. In this paper, we investigate the STBC performance based on the above channel model. On the one hand, we further testify the validity of this general model, on the other hand, we evaluate the influence of the channel time variation on the STBC performance.
A robust self-tuning fuzzy PI scheme for DTC induction motor drive

In this paper, application of self-tuning fuzzy PI scheme (STPIFLC) for Direct Torque Controlled Induction Motor (DTC IM) drive is proposed. In the proposed approach, the output scaling factor (SF) is adjusted online by fuzzy rules according to the current trend of the controlled process. The rule base for tuning the output SF is defined on error (e) and change of error (? e) of the controlled variable using triangular equally overlapped membership functions (MFs). The performance of the proposed self-tuning fuzzy PI controller is compared with the corresponding fuzzy logic controller and PI controller. The performance index based on speed error is assigned to provide a numerical comparison among different controllers. Simulation results show that the proposed STPIFLC for DTC IM drive gives remarkably improved performance and high robustness compared with those obtained by the application of a conventional controller (PI).