Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A screening questionnaire for the detection of serious mental illness in the criminal justice system

The objective of the study was to develop a screening questionnaire for serious mental illness in magistrates’ courts. Using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire (PSQ), with second phase interview with the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), 2,920 attendees at two magistrates’ courts were screened for serious mental illness. Weighted logistic regression analysis was used to identify the best subset of questions from the screening questionnaires (GHQ and PSQ) for inclusion into a short screening tool. Of the 2,920 court attendees screened, 1,306 were interviewed using the SCAN, of whom 113 had an ICD 10 diagnosis with an index of definition (ID) of 5 or more. Of these, 38 had a diagnosis of schizophrenia or other psychoses and 68 of depression or bipolar affective disorder. A short, 7-item screening questionnaire was developed, which detected 101 out of 113 cases (weighted sensitivity 89.4%) with 469 false positives (weighted specificity 60.7%). The questionnaire detected all 17 cases with severe depression and 33 out of 38 with schizophrenia. We concluded that this questionnaire may be a useful adjunct to the screening process for mental illness in magistrates’ courts.
Obstacles to the Adoption of Secure Communication Tools

The computer security community has advocated widespread adoption of secure communication tools to counter mass surveillance. Several popular personal communication tools (e.g., WhatsApp, iMessage) have adopted end-to-end encryption, and many new tools (e.g., Signal, Telegram) have been launched with security as a key selling point. However it remains unclear if users understand what protection these tools offer, and if they value that protection. In this study, we interviewed 60 participants about their experience with different communication tools and their perceptions of the tools' security properties. We found that the adoption of secure communication tools is hindered by fragmented user bases and incompatible tools. Furthermore, the vast majority of participants did not understand the essential concept of end-to-end encryption, limiting their motivation to adopt secure tools. We identified a number of incorrect mental models that underpinned participants' beliefs.
Conflict in the Classroom: Controversy And Learning

In a social studies class a teacher is presenting a lesson on the United States Congress. The students are discussing in small groups the reasons why citizens want to be representatives in Congress. One student says the major reason is wanting to help your neighbors and your country. Another student says being a member of Congress is just a way to get rich, and quotes Roger Mudd (CBS News, December 24, 1976) that a representative in Congress receives more than $400,000 per year in salary and benefits. Voices rise as the argument continues. What does the teacher do? Would the teacher encourage the argument, helping students find evidence to support and argue their positions? Or would the teacher try to calm things down and change the topic of discussion? Within any learning situation such conflicts among ideas or opinions are inevitable. They will occur no matter what the teacher does. Learning situations are filled with conflicts among students, between the teacher and the student, and between what a student presently understands and new information being learned. And the current evidence indicates that in most classrooms conflicts are avoided and suppressed (DeCecco & Richards, 1974) and that teachers and students lack the skills and procedures needed for effective conflict management (Deutsch, 1973; Blake & Mouton, 1970; Johnson, 1970) By avoiding and suppressing certain types of conflicts teachers lose valuable opportunities to increase student motivation, creative insight, cognitive development, and learning. Conflicts have the potential for producing both
Role of Leisure in Recovery From Mental Illness

Conceptually supported by recovery, positive psychology, and health promotion perspectives, this study explored the role of leisure in recovery and health among culturally diverse individuals with mental illness. One-on-one survey interviews were conducted with Black (n = 35), Hispanic/Latino (n = 28), White (n = 28), and Asian (n = 8) adults (aged between 23 and 78) with mental illness (N = 101). A variety of mental health diagnoses were represented in the sample (e.g., bipolar disorder, n = 32; major depression, n = 23; schizophrenia, n = 22). Regression analyses were performed to estimate the predictive effects of leisure variables on recovery, health, and psychiatric symptoms. The findings emphasize the importance of: (a) meanings that persons with mental illness gain from leisure (e.g., connection/belonging, identity, freedom/autonomy) (i.e., meaning making via leisure) and (b) leisure opportunities to fight against or reduce perceptions of boredom (i.e., boredom reduction in leisure) as both of these were significant predictors of recovery. Also, a greater perception of being actively engaged/involved (i.e., perceived active living) was a significant predictor of recovery and overall physical and mental health and less frequent psychiatric symptoms, whereby leisure potentially provides a key context for the pursuit of active living. Furthermore, the use of leisure both for coping with stress (i.e., stress coping via leisure) and reducing boredom significantly predicted fewer psychiatric symptoms. The findings highlight the need to consider the experiences, feelings/emotions, and meanings that people with mental illness gain from leisure beyond simply behavioral forms of leisure (i.e., leisure activities) per se by respectfully appreciating the cultural diversity of people with mental illness.
Single-dose intra-articular bupivacaine plus morphine after knee arthroscopic surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled studies

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of single-dose intra-articular bupivacaine plus morphine after knee arthroscopic surgery. Design Meta-analysis. Data sources and study eligibility criteria A comprehensive literature search, using Medline (1966–2014), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Embase databases, was conducted to identify randomised placebo-controlled trials that used a combination of single-dose intra-articular bupivacaine and morphine for postoperative pain relief. Results 12 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of the bupivacaine plus morphine group were significantly lower than those of the placebo group (weighted mean difference (WMD) −1.75; 95% CI −2.16 to −1.33; p<0.001). The VAS scores at the last follow-up time point (last VAS scores) of the bupivacaine plus morphine group were also significantly lower than those of the placebo group (WMD −1.46; 95% CI −1.63 to −1.29; p<0.001). The number of patients requiring supplementary analgesia was also significantly reduced (RR 0.60; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.93; p=0.02), while there was no significant difference in the time to first analgesic request (WMD 3.46; 95% CI −1.81 to 8.72; p=0.20) or short-term side effects (RR 1.67; 95% CI 0.65 to 4.26; p=0.29). Conclusions The administration of single-dose intra-articular bupivacaine plus morphine after knee arthroscopic surgery is effective for pain relief, and its short-term side effects remain similar to saline placebo.
NARMA-based linearization of RF power amplifiers with non-monotonic response under dynamic hardware reconfiguration

This paper presents a signal processing block intended for a NARMA-based linearization of an RF power amplifier that exhibits a non-monotonic voltage response. This type of response may be obtained when applying a dynamic hardware reconfiguration of the amplifier for power efficiency improvement, through the activation or deactivation of sections in the RF transistor arrays or the electronic tuning of the bias circuits and the impedance matching circuits, as a function of the instantaneous envelope power of the modulated RF signal. A reconfigurable power amplifier design is described as an example of conditions that introduce a non-monotonic voltage response. The need, in that case, to introduce a new function inversion process for NARMA-based predistortion, is highlighted and explained. The proposed inversion process is described mathematically and validated through a power amplifier linearization example.
Investigating attraction and engagement of animation on large interactive walls in public settings

Large interactive walls capable of delivering dynamic content to broad audiences are becoming increasingly common in public areas for information dissemination, advertising, and entertainment purposes. A major design challenge for these systems is to entice and engage passersby to interact with the system, and in a manner intended by the designers. To address this issue, we are examining the use of different types of animation at various stages of the interaction as someone approaches and begins interacting with the system. Using usage measures from museum studies, namely, attraction and engagement of an exhibit, we plan to assess the effectiveness of different types of animation in the context of an interactive notice board application in a university campus. We describe our design approach and plans for studying the animation design in a real-world public setting.
Erythropoietin prevents motor neuron apoptosis and neurologic disability in experimental spinal cord ischemic injury

The cytokine erythropoietin (EPO) possesses potent neuroprotective activity against a variety of potential brain injuries, including transient ischemia and reperfusion. It is currently unknown whether EPO will also ameliorate spinal cord injury. Immunocytochemistry performed using human spinal cord sections showed abundant EPO receptor immunoreactivity of capillaries, especially in white matter, and motor neurons within the ventral horn. We used a transient global spinal ischemia model in rabbits to test whether exogenous EPO can cross the blood–spinal cord barrier and protect these motor neurons. Spinal cord ischemia was produced in rabbits by occlusion of the abdominal aorta for 20 min, followed by saline or recombinant human (rHu)-EPO (350, 800, or 1,000 units/kg of body weight) administered intravenously immediately after the onset of reperfusion. The functional neurological status of animals was better for rHu-EPO-treated animals 1 h after recovery from anesthesia, and improved dramatically over the next 48 h. In contrast, saline-treated animals exhibited a poorer neurological score at 1 h and did not significantly improve. Histopathological examination of the affected spinal cord revealed widespread motor neuron injury associated with positive terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling in control but not in rHu-EPO-treated animals. These observations suggest both an acute as well as a delayed beneficial action of rHu-EPO in ischemic spinal cord injury. Because rHu-EPO is currently used widely with an excellent safety profile, clinical trials evaluating its potential to prevent motor neuron apoptosis and the neurological deficits that occur as a consequence of ischemic injury are warranted.
Factors affecting perceptual thresholds in a suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis.

PURPOSE The suprachoroidal location for a retinal prosthesis provides advantages over other locations in terms of a simplified surgical procedure and a potentially more stable electrode-neural interface. The aim of this study was to assess the factors affecting perceptual thresholds, and to optimize stimulus parameters to achieve the lowest thresholds in patients implanted with a suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis. METHODS Three patients with profound vision loss from retinitis pigmentosa were implanted with a suprachoroidal array. Perceptual thresholds measured on individual electrodes were analyzed as a function of stimulus (return configuration, pulse polarity, pulse width, interphase gap, and rate), electrode (area and number of ganged electrodes), and clinical (retinal thickness and electrode-retina distance) parameters. RESULTS A total of 92.8% of 904 measurements made up to 680 days post implantation yielded thresholds (range, 44-436 nanocoulombs [nC]) below the safe charge limit. Thresholds were found to vary between individuals and to depend significantly on electrode-retina distance, negligibly on retinal thickness, and not on electrode area or the number of ganged electrodes. Lowest thresholds were achieved when using a monopolar return, anodic-first polarity, short pulse widths (100 μs) combined with long interphase gaps (500 μs), and high stimulation rates (≥400 pulses per second [pps]). CONCLUSIONS With suprachoroidal stimulation, anodic-first pulses with a monopolar return are most efficacious. To enable high rates, an appropriate combination of pulse width and interphase gap must be chosen to ensure low thresholds and electrode voltages. Electrode-retina distance needs to be monitored carefully owing to its influence on thresholds. These results inform implantable stimulator specifications for a suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01603576.).
Bacterioplankton strategies for leucine and glucose uptake after a cyanobacterial bloom in an eutrophic shallow lake

Extracellular enzyme activities and the kinetics of glucose and leucine uptake were measured to study the role of different substrate pools for bacterioplankton in a shallow eutrophic lake. The study took place during the period of cyanobacterial bloom in late summer and its collapse in the autumn. Leucine aminopeptidase activity (LAP), b-glucosidase activity ( b-Gluc), H-leucine incorporation (LI) andCglucose incorporation (GI) were measured in Lake Vo ̃rtsjärv during the autumn of 1997 (September–October). The kinetic parameters Vmax andKM were determined for both enzymes using artificial fluorogenic substrates (leucine amino-methylcoumarin and methyl-umbelliferyl bglucose). Leucine and glucose uptake were measured using radiolabelled compounds. Abundance and production of bacterioplankton were also measured. Several environmental parameters including temperature, nutrient concentrations, seston content, and phytoplankton characteristics such as biomass, chlorophyll a concentration, and primary production were followed. The GI ( Vmax) correlated positively with release of low molecular weight products of primary production, b-Gluc activity was more closely correlated with polymeric substrates released after breakdown of cyanobacterial bloom. LAP specific activity (i.e. activity per cell) increased towards the end of the experimental period and correlated more closely with the presence of specific populations than to the total number of bacteria. By the end of the experiment time, LI switched to a lower affinity system with higher specific Vmax andKM. Bacteria preferentially used available carbon (as dissolved glucose) over carbon sources derived from the exoenzymatic hydrolysis of polymers. However, both sources of leucine (dissolved and hydrolysis products) were used equally by bacteria. Phytoplankton (dominated by cyanophytes) was the main origin of readily available dissolved low molecular weight compounds. After a cyanobacterial bloom some populations of bacteria grew on the dead cell material of algae, but the total number of heterotrophic bacteria decreased from approximately 7 × 10 to 1:9 × 10 ml: q 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Application of Goel-Okumoto Model in Software Reliability Measurement

estimation of remaining errors in the software is the deciding factor for the release of the software or the amount of more testing which is required. Software growth reliability models are used for the correct estimation of the remaining errors. In this paper the Goel- Okumoto Model has been selected and its various parameters are discussed with a case study. A criterion has also been evaluated for the estimation of reliability of any software.
The Sensitivity Matrix: Using Advanced Auditory Models in Speech and Audio Processing

Perceptually optimal processing of speech and audio signals demands a rigorous approach using a distortion measure that resembles human perception. This requires distortion measures based on sophisticated, complex auditory models. Under the assumption of small distortions these models can be simplified by means of a sensitivity matrix. In this paper, we show the power of this approach. We present a method to derive the sensitivity matrix for distortion measures based on spectro-temporal auditory models. This method is applied to an example auditory model and the region of validity of the approximation and the application of linear algebra to analyze the characteristics of the given model are discussed. Furthermore, we show how to build a coder minimizing a sensitivity matrix distortion measure given the typically long support of a perceptual distortion measure
Dynamics and Stability of Mutually Coupled Nano-Lasers

The dynamics of mutually coupled nano-lasers has been explored theoretically. Calculations have been performed using rate equations which include the Purcell cavity-enhanced spontaneous emission factor F and the spontaneous emission coupling factor β. In the analysis, the influence of F and β has been evaluated for varying optical injection strength and distance between the two lasers. It is observed that, in general, for increased bias current, the system can maintain stable output for a larger mutual coupling strength. It is also found that for short inter-laser distances and larger F, the stability of mutually coupled nano-lasers is enhanced.
Migration and Race in Europe: The Trans-Atlantic Metastases of a Post-Colonial Cancer

This article examines dominant socio-political questions regarding migration, ‘multiculturalism’, and ‘integration’, as a politics of citizenship (and race) in contemporary (post-colonial) Europe. The argument unfolds through a critique of the nationalist complacencies and racial complicities in Jurgen Habermas’s remarks on ‘multiculturalism’ during the 1990s. With recourse to ‘underclass’ discourse, Habermas’s reflections were themselves a trans-Atlantic metastasis of a distinctly US ‘American’ hegemonic sociological commonsense with regard to, but actively disregarding, the fact of white supremacy. Habermas’s thoughts are critically situated alongside their subsequent metastasis, back across the Atlantic, into Francis Fukuyama’s recent invocations of ‘terrorism’ and his advocacy of the ‘American melting pot’ model as a trans-Atlantic prescription for Europe’s ailments. Treating ‘immigrants’ as a kind of societal illness, both are preoccupied by the same ‘problem’ — non-Europeans (as disaffected ‘minorit.
Beliefs about Depression in Patients and Their Partners

We examined beliefs about depression in patients and their partners and explored the impact of beliefs on perceptions of marital functioning, level of distress and caregiving in partners, and clinical outcome of major depression. Fifteen patients meeting criteria for major depressive disorder and their co-habiting spouses were interviewed at baseline using the Reasons for Depression Questionnaire (Addis, Truax and Jacobson, 1995) and measures of symptom severity, distress, caregiver consequences and marital satisfaction. Outcome was assessed at 6 months. Identifying biological reasons for depression was significantly associated with patient severity of depression and with caregiver burden. Caregiver distress was significantly associated with endorsement of interpersonal reasons for depression. Concordance in reason giving between patients and partners was significantly associated with a good outcome. This is the first study to show that beliefs about depression held by patients and their partners may have an impact on the clinical outcome of major depression.
Mef2d Acts Upstream of Muscle Identity Genes and Couples Lateral Myogenesis to Dermomyotome Formation in Xenopus laevis

Xenopus myotome is formed by a first medial and lateral myogenesis directly arising from the presomitic mesoderm followed by a second myogenic wave emanating from the dermomyotome. Here, by a series of gain and loss of function experiments, we showed that Mef2d, a member of the Mef2 family of MADS-box transcription factors, appeared as an upstream regulator of lateral myogenesis, and as an inducer of dermomyotome formation at the beginning of neurulation. In the lateral presomitic cells, we showed that Mef2d transactivates Myod expression which is necessary for lateral myogenesis. In the most lateral cells of the presomitic mesoderm, we showed that Mef2d and Paraxis (Tcf15), a member of the Twist family of transcription factors, were co-localized and activate directly the expression of Meox2, which acts upstream of Pax3 expression during dermomyotome formation. Cell tracing experiments confirm that the most lateral Meox2 expressing cells of the presomitic mesoderm correspond to the dermomyotome progenitors since they give rise to the most dorsal cells of the somitic mesoderm. Thus, Xenopus Mef2d couples lateral myogenesis to dermomyotome formation before somite segmentation. These results together with our previous works reveal striking similarities between dermomyotome and tendon formation in Xenopus: both develop in association with myogenic cells and both involve a gene transactivation pathway where one member of the Mef2 family, Mef2d or Mef2c, cooperates with a bHLH protein of the Twist family, Paraxis or Scx (Scleraxis) respectively. We propose that these shared characteristics in Xenopus laevis reflect the existence of a vertebrate ancestral mechanism which has coupled the development of the myogenic cells to the formation of associated tissues during somite compartmentalization.
An ACT-R Model of Sentence Sorting with Argument Structure Constructions

Based on the results of a sorting task involving verbs and grammatical patterns, Bencini & Goldberg (2000) argue that “argument structure constructions are directly associated with sentence meaning. ” We explore this hypothesis by attempting to replicate their results using a nonhuman categorizer: a cognitive model based on ACT-R (Anderson & Lebiere 1998). The model replicated the sentence-sorting behaviors of Bencini & Goldberg’s subjects, but did so using formal cues alone. This outcome suggests that the subjects in the Bencini & Goldberg study were not necessarily attending to constructional meaning, and lends support to Bock’s (1986) conclusions regarding syntactic priming: subjects’ similarity judgments are as likely to be based on syntactic form alone as they are to involve syntax-semantic mapping.
Imatinib therapy for hypereosinophilic syndrome and other eosinophilic

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