Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Arabidopsis AtPP2CA Protein Phosphatase Inhibits the GORK K+ Efflux Channel and Exerts a Dominant Suppressive Effect on Phosphomimetic-activating Mutations*

The regulation of the GORK (Guard Cell Outward Rectifying) Shaker channel mediating a massive K+ efflux in Arabidopsis guard cells by the phosphatase AtPP2CA was investigated. Unlike the gork mutant, the atpp2ca mutants displayed a phenotype of reduced transpiration. We found that AtPP2CA interacts physically with GORK and inhibits GORK activity in Xenopus oocytes. Several amino acid substitutions in the AtPP2CA active site, including the dominant interfering G145D mutation, disrupted the GORK-AtPP2CA interaction, meaning that the native conformation of the AtPP2CA active site is required for the GORK-AtPP2CA interaction. Furthermore, two serines in the GORK ankyrin domain that mimic phosphorylation (Ser to Glu) or dephosphorylation (Ser to Ala) were mutated. Mutations mimicking phosphorylation led to a significant increase in GORK activity, whereas mutations mimicking dephosphorylation had no effect on GORK. In Xenopus oocytes, the interaction of AtPP2CA with “phosphorylated” or “dephosphorylated” GORK systematically led to inhibition of the channel to the same baseline level. Single-channel recordings indicated that the GORK S722E mutation increases the open probability of the channel in the absence, but not in the presence, of AtPP2CA. The dephosphorylation-independent inactivation mechanism of GORK by AtPP2CA is discussed in relation with well known conformational changes in animal Shaker-like channels that lead to channel opening and closing. In plants, PP2C activity would control the stomatal aperture by regulating both GORK and SLAC1, the two main channels required for stomatal closure.
Transient Notch signaling induces NK cell potential in Pax5‐deficient pro‐B cells

Unlike early B/T cell development, NK cell lineage commitment is not well understood, with a major limitation being the lack of a robust culture system to assay NK cell progenitors. Here we have exploited the multi‐lineage potential of Pax5–/– pro‐B cells to establish an effective system to direct differentiation of progenitors into the NK cell lineage. Cultivation of Pax5–/– pro‐B cells on OP9 cells expressing the Notch ligand Delta‐Like1 (OP9‐DL1) in the presence of IL‐7 efficiently induced T and NK cell potential. For NK cells, Notch was only transiently required, as prolonged signaling decreased NK and increased T cell development. Pure NK cell populations could be obtained by the culture of these Notch signal‐experienced cells onto OP9 stroma and IL‐15. A similar transient exposure to Notch was also compatible with the differentiation of NK cells from hematopoietic progenitors, while sustained Notch signaling impaired NK cell generation. Pax5–/– pro‐B cell‐derived NK cells were cytotoxic, secreted cytokines and expressed all the expected NK cell‐specific surface markers examined except the Ly49 family, a phenotype similar to fetal NK cells. These data indicate that Notch signaling induces T/NK cell differentiation in Pax5–/– pro‐B cells that is strikingly similar to early thymopoiesis.
Femoral shortening in the congenital dislocation of the knee joint: results of mid-term follow-up

Femoral shortening has an advantage of gaining reduction in severe grades of congenital dislocation of the knee joint without release or lengthening of the quadriceps tendon, thereby reducing the incidence of extensor lag. We report our mid-term functional results in six patients (10 knees) with grade III congenital dislocation of the knee joint who were treated with femoral shortening. At an average follow-up of 4.1 years, the mean active range of motion was −0.5 to 107° and none of the patients had extensor lag. The results in arthrogryposis multiplex congenita were noteworthy for the absence of extensor weakness, postoperative deformity, or recurrence.
A transient analysis of incompressible fluid flow in vessels with moving boundaries

We present in this paper a finite element analysis of Navier‐Stokes equations in a time‐varying domain. The method of weighted residuals is used together with the semi‐discretization approach to obtain the discrete equations. In this approach, where the physical domain is allowed to vary, care is taken to retain the space conservation law property. We describe in detail the transformation of equations between fixed and moving grids. The validity of this method has been tested against two problems which are amenable to analytic solutions. Time accurate results show favorable agreement with analytic solutions. Having verified the applicability of the Galerkin finite element code to problems involving moving grids, we consider the fluid flow in a vessel, where a portion of its boundary moves in time. Results are presented with emphasis on the depiction of vortical flow details.
Truly Benign “Bronchial Adenoma” Report of 10 Cases of Mucous Gland Adenoma with Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Findings

Mucous gland adenoma of the bronchus (MGAB) is a rare, solitary, benign, well-circumscribed, multicystic, predominately exophytic bronchial tumor. Mucous gland adenoma arises from the submucosal seromucous glands and ducts of proximal airways; since the location, signs and symptoms, and bronchoscopic findings are similar to those of other tumors arising in the bronchus, diagnosis depends on tissue biopsy. We herein report 10 patients with MGAB. Patients ranged in age from 25 to 67 years old (mean, 52). In two thirds of patients, the tumor was located in the middle or lower lobes. Tumors ranged in size from 0.8 to 6.8 cm (mean, 1.8). Cut surface was shiny, mucoid, cystic, and usually firm. Mucous gland adenomas are protean in their histologic patterns. They may appear glandular and tubulocystic or papillocystic, and they often show a mixture of these features. The tumors are rich in mucins and are immunopositive for epithelial markers. Mucous gland adenoma needs to be distinguished from low-grade malignant tumors of the bronchus—most notably, low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Complete removal of the tumor is curative.
Examination and search in infants.

Infants aged 8 months and 1 year were compared in their search for an object following visual presentation, for various intervals of time, either with or without manual contact. The major finding was that if manual contact was allowed, the younger infants searched as persistently as older infants. If the object was only seen prior to its disappearance, the younger group searched much less persistently. The findings are related to the development of an ability to relate visual and manual information; attention is drawn to the advantages of a new dependent variable ‘persistence of search’ as compared with the usual two-fold classification of ‘search’ v. ‘no search’.
Using active IF load-pull to investigate electrical base-band induced memory effects in high-power LDMOS transistors

Memory effects are generally attributable to thermal, electrical, packaging and/ or surface effects. This behaviour in turn impacts overall linearity and importantly the suitability of a power amplifier (PA) to linearisation through pre-distortion. It is assumed that electrical memory introduced by the low-frequency baseband impedance environments associated with the power amplifier bias insertion networks being frequency dependent represents a significant contributor to overall observed memory effects in high-power LDMOS PA design. In this work, baseband or IF active load-pull is used to provide an effective way to engineer all the significant IF components generated as a result of multi-tone excitation, independent of modulation frequency. Specific IF impedance environments are presented to a device with this approach in order to probe the sensitivity to IF impedance variations. These investigations are performed on a 12 W LDMOS device characterised at 2.1 GHz within a purpose built, high-power measurement system, that allows the collection of both RF and IF voltage and current waveforms along with all associated impedances.
Low population genetic differentiation in the Orchidaceae: implications for the diversification of the family

A leading hypothesis for the immense diversity of the Orchidaceae is that skewed mating success and small, disjunct populations lead to strong genetic drift and switches between adaptive peaks. This mechanism is only possible under conditions of low gene flow that lead to high genetic differentiation among populations. We tested whether orchids typically exhibit high levels of population genetic differentiation by conducting a meta‐analysis to compare mean levels of population genetic differentiation (FST) between orchids and other diverse families and between rare and common orchids. Compared with other families, the Orchidaceae is typically characterized by relatively low genetic differentiation among populations (mean FST = 0.146) at allozyme loci. Rare terrestrial orchids showed higher population genetic differentiation than common orchids, although this value was still lower than the mean for most plant families. All lines of evidence suggest that orchids are typically characterized by low levels of population genetic differentiation, even in species with naturally disjunct populations. As such, we found no strong evidence that genetic drift in isolated populations has played a major role in the diversification of the Orchidaceae. Further research into the diversification of the family needs to unravel the relative roles of biotic and environmental selective pressures in the speciation of orchids.
Collision detection system for the practical use of the humanoid robot

This paper presents an efficient approach to collision detection for real time controlled humanoid robot. The proposed method is based on separating axis theorem (SAT) for oriented bounded box (OBB). We construct tight-fitting OBB based on 3D-CAD model of the humanoid robot and OBB trees for efficient computing. In addition, in order to solve several potential problems when detecting collisions at discrete time steps, we define a velocity sphere and operate Minkowski sum of the OBB and its velocity sphere. The collision detection algorithm is applied to real humanoid robot, DRC-HUBO+ and many experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Iris recognition using Gabor filters optimized by the particle swarm technique

In this paper, an efficient feature extraction algorithm based on optimized Gabor filters and a relative variation analysis approach is presented for iris recognition. The Gabor filters are optimized by tuning the parameters with the particle swarm optimization method. Moreover, a sequential filter scheme is developed to determine the number of filters in the optimal Gabor filter bank. In the preprocessing step, the lower part of the iris image is unwrapped and normalized to a rectangular block which is then decomposed by the optimal Gabor filters. After that, a simple encoding method is adopted to generate a compact iris code. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is encouraging and comparable to those of the existing iris recognition systems.
The Pangeran and the saints

ABSTRACT This article charts the history of a mid 19th-century Ḥaḍramī mausoleum in Surabaya, East Java. Officially known as the mausoleum of the Ḥaḍramī saints Muḥammad b. ʿAydarūs al-Ḥabashī (d.1919) and Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Miḥḍār (d.1926), the site has been a popular destination of Indonesian Muslim pilgrims. A close inspection of the inscriptions on the other tombstones in the mausoleum, however, reveals that the edifice was actually built in honour of Pangeran Ḥasan b. ʿUmar al-Ḥabashī (d.1854), a wealthy Ḥaḍramī entrepreneur and diplomat who served the Dutch colonial authorities. This article observes the processes through which the family mausoleum of the Pangeran became known as the mausoleum of two saintly figures. It argues that the interment of the saints in the mausoleum initiated discursive and liturgical developments that resulted in its transfiguration into a devotional site with new histories that gradually eclipsed its earlier identity. Such developments included the production of hagiographic texts and the institutions of ritual practice and commemorations, all of which inadvertently neglected the mausoleum’s prior history and inflected its identity.
Determination of maximum supportable receiver wakeup intervals in energy harvesting WSN nodes using a client-server setup

Energy harvesting wireless sensor network nodes would not be able to operate without duty cycling. In TinyOS, duty cycling is supported through Low Power Listening or LPL. LPL is sender-centric: the longer the wakeup interval, the more power a receiver saves, at the cost of more energy per transmission for the sender. Due to the limitations of energy storage technologies, there is a limit to the sender wakeup interval which energy harvesting senders could support. Currently, the limit could be derived computationally or experimentally. Computational derivation is overly conservative, while manual experimentation is labor intensive. In this paper, we present a protocol which enables sensor nodes to autonomously determine the wakeup interval limit experimentally, using a client-server architecture. Not only does the protocol allow for easier determination of the said limit, it also allows network nodes to adjust to environmental changes that nodes encounter while in deployment, such as capacitor ageing.
Is FDI Indeed Tariff-Jumping ? Firm-Level Evidence

This paper attempts to shed light on greenfield FDI and cross-border M&A as distinct FDI modes of entry. The paper first develops a simple model of this decision process to derive testable predictions and then examines these predictions using firm level data on Swedish multinational corporations. The paper uses an interesting data base and offers new insights into the choice of the different entry modes. The main contribution of the paper is that evidence for tariff-jumping is lacking. In addition, firm-specific assets have no effect on cross-border M&A in the estimation.
Algorithmic Construction of Efficient Fractional Factorial Designs With Large Run Sizes

Fractional factorial (FF) designs are widely used in practice and typically are chosen according to the minimum aberration criterion. A sequential algorithm is developed for constructing efficient FF designs. A construction procedure is proposed that allows a design to be constructed only from its minimum aberration projection in the sequential buildup process. To efficiently identify nonisomorphic designs, designs are categorized according to moment projection pattern. A fast isomorphism checking procedure is developed by matching the factors using their delete-one-factor projections. This algorithm is used to completely enumerate all 128-run designs of resolution 4, all 256-run designs of resolution 4 up to 17 factors, all 512-run designs of resolution 5, all 1024-run designs of resolution 6, and all 2048- and 4,096-run designs of resolution 7. A method is proposed for constructing minimum aberration (MA) designs using only a partial catalog of some good designs. Three approaches to constructing good designs with a large number of factors are suggested. Efficient designs, often with MA, are tabulated up to 40, 80, 160, 45, 47, and 65 factors for 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, and 4,096 runs, respectively.
All‐Organic and Fully‐Printed Semitransparent Photodetectors Based on Narrow Bandgap Conjugated Molecules

All-organic, fully-printed and semitransparent photodetectors with a broad wavelength band response, based on a ternary blend comprising narrow band-gap small molecules, are demonstrated. The ternary blend with a semiconducting polymer allows for the optimal printing of small molecules, suppressing strong phase segregation, and uncontrolled crystallization. The insertion of a suitable interlayer enables the adoption of polymer, transparent, top and bottom printed electrodes, thus making light detection possible from both device sides.
Advanced LIVA / TIVA Techniques

LIVA (Light Induced Voltage Alterations) and TIVA (Thermally Induced Voltage Alterations) have demonstrated significant capability for fault isolation. A difficulty with both techniques is their use of a constant current source, whereas integrated circuits operate with a constant voltage source. A new technique that utilizes the constant current sensing of LIVA/TIVA, while allowing for use of constant voltage bias on the integrated circuit, has been developed. As a bonus, the technique is also significantly more sensitive (at least one order of magnitude) than the standard LIVA/TIVA approach.
Control limitation of a three-loop acceleration autopilot

The essential characteristics for a three-loop acceleration autopilot of tactical missile were presented from a frequency analysis perspective. The basic limitation of right-half-phase pole and zero from airframe static instability was analyzed using an open-loop crossover frequency inequality, which showed a consistent conclusion with the final overall stability condition in nature. To analyze the three-loop autopilot control capacity, the rate feedback, rate plus attitude feedback, and three loop feedback, were calculated and simplified based on engineering requirement, respectively. Then the equivalent actuator dynamics were introduced to compute the stability condition at high frequency. Such that the overall stability condition was obtained in explicit formulation. The results showed that the autopilot control capacity is dominated by actuator bandwidth, and a compromise should be determined between the flight performance and the actuator requirement for a statically instable missile.
The implications of information and communication technology use for the social well-being of older adults

Older adults, comprising a population segment more vulnerable to social isolation during the late life stages, are more likely to be excluded from the benefits of information and communication technologies (ICTs) as well as from the focus of ICT research. Addressing this research gap concerning the currently fastest growing sector of ICT users this study centers on the disparities regarding older adults’ ICT access and use. Because the effects of ICTs cannot be uniform for all users, the digital inequalities older adults experience might have different influences on their social lives when compared to other populations that have been studied in the previous literature. Drawing on surveys from 1780 older adults, ages 60 years and older, residing in six suburbs in the Chicago area, this research links older adults’ digital inequalities to their social well-being. We demonstrate that while socio-economic status remains the major factor affecting their quality of life, social and instrumental ICT uses can also contribute to their well-being in varied and unexpected ways. From these results, we draw implications for the study of digital disparities by examining how the impacts of ICTs vary by differential uses and different age groups.
Infant regulation of the vagal "brake" predicts child behavior problems: a psychobiological model of social behavior.

Cardiac vagal tone is a construct that describes the functional relationship between the brainstem and the heart. Cardiac vagal tone is measured by quantifying the amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, a component of heart rate variability reflecting the functional output of vagal pathways on the heart. Although there is an extensive literature evaluating baseline vagal tone and its relation to behavior, the relation between individual differences in the ability to regulate cardiac vagal tone and behavior has been theoretically vague. This article introduces a theoretical model to explain the relation between vagal tone during steady states and vagal reactivity (i.e., the vagal brake) in response to environmental challenges. Based upon the proposed model, it was hypothesized that infants who had difficulties in regulating the vagal brake (i.e., decreasing cardiac vagal tone) during social/attention tasks would have difficulties developing appropriate social interactions requiring reciprocal engagement and disengagement strategies. Data from 24 infants are presented. The findings support the model and demonstrate that infants with difficulties in decreasing vagal tone during a social/attention task at 9 months of age had significantly more behavioral problems at 3 years of age.
Ground-Fault Characteristic Analysis of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Stations with Neutral Grounding Resistance

A centralized grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) station is a widely adopted method of neutral grounding using resistance, which can potentially make pre-existing protection systems invalid and threaten the safety of power grids. Therefore, studying the fault characteristics of grid-connected PV systems and their impact on power-grid protection is of great importance. Based on an analysis of the grid structure of a grid-connected PV system and of the low-voltage ride-through control characteristics of a photovoltaic power supply, this paper proposes a short-circuit calculation model and a fault-calculation method for this kind of system. With respect to the change of system parameters, particularly the resistance connected to the neutral point, and the possible impact on protective actions, this paper achieves the general rule of short-circuit current characteristics through a simulation, which provides a reference for devising protection configurations.
Joint medicine-information and pharmacovigilance services could improve detection and communication about drug-safety problems

Background RELIS is a Norwegian network of four regional medicine-information and pharmacovigilance centers where pharmacists and clinical pharmacologists provide feedback to health care professionals in spontaneous drug-related questions and adverse drug-reaction (ADR) reports published in a question–answer pair (QAP) database (the RELIS database) and the Norwegian ADR database, respectively. Objective To describe the potential of RELIS’s dual service to improve detection and communication of drug-safety problems. Materials and methods We searched the RELIS database for QAPs about ADRs with use of the Norwegian ADR database as a reference. We also searched the Norwegian ADR database for reports that used the RELIS database as a reference. Both searches were limited to the years 2003–2012. We then selected the example of pregabalin and drug abuse after the marketing of Lyrica in Norway in September 2004 to illustrate RELIS’s potential to detect new drug-safety information through a limited number of QAPs and ADR reports. Results A total of 5,427 (26%) of 21,071 QAPs in the RELIS database concerned ADRs. QAPs from this database were used as references in 791 (4%) of a total of 22,090 reports in the Norwegian ADR database. The Norwegian ADR database was used as a reference in 363 (7%) of 5,427 QAPs that concerned ADRs. Between September 2004 and September 2008, RELIS received eleven questions and 13 ADR reports about suspicion of Lyrica (pregabalin) and different aspects of abuse. Conclusion RELIS processes data through two databases that facilitate communication about ADRs. Our service also has the potential to detect new drug-safety problems with a limited number of questions and ADR reports.