Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
oes organic grassland farming benefit plant and arthropod diversity t the expense of yield and soil fertility ?

Organic management is one of the most popular strategies to reduce negative environmental impacts of intensive agriculture. However, little is known about benefits for biodiversity and potential worsening of yield under organic grasslands management across different grassland types, i.e. meadow, pasture and mown pasture. Therefore, we studied the diversity of vascular plants and foliage-living arthropods (Coleoptera, Araneae, Heteroptera, Auchenorrhyncha), yield, fodder quality, soil phosphorus concentrations and land-use intensity of organic and conventional grasslands across three study regions in Germany. Furthermore, all variables were related to the time since conversion to organic management in order to assess temporal developments reaching up to 18 years. Arthropod diversity was significantly higher under organic than conventional management, although this was not the case for Araneae, Heteroptera and Auchenorrhyncha when analyzed separately. On the contrary, arthropod abundance, vascular plant diversity and also yield and fodder quality did not considerably differ between organic and conventional grasslands. Analyses did not reveal differences in the effect of organic management among grassland types. None of the recorded abiotic and biotic parameters showed a significant trend with time since transition to organic management, except soil organic phosphorus concentrations which decreased with time. This implies that permanent grasslands respond slower and probably weaker to organic management than crop fields do. However, as land-use intensity and inorganic soil phosphorus concentrations were significantly lower in organic grasslands, overcoming seed and dispersal limitation by re-introducing plant species might be needed to exploit the full ecological potential of organic grassland management. We conclude that although organic management did not automatically increase the diversity of all studied taxa, it is a reasonable and useful way to support agro-biodiversity. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
An athlete's experience learning and incorporating mindfulness and self-compassion in a high performance sport context

For psychological skills to have performance benefit they must be successfully integrated into the training and competition context. Using a case study approach and a phenomenological orientation (Ravn & Christensen, 2014), we explored the experiences of an elite female athlete engaging in a mindfulness and self-compassion training program. Our purpose was to better understand, from an athlete's perspective, the process of learning and integrating mindfulness and self-compassion into an existing high performance training and competition routine. The six week program involved daily skills practice and weekly consulting sessions related to applying mindfulness and self-compassion to training and competition. Skill development and integration were a focus. One-on-one interviews (incorporated pre-, mid-, and post-program, and after the next major competition) provided a medium to explore the athlete's experience and a means for evaluation and self-reflection. Prior to the program, the athlete articulated goals around improving attention, awareness, emotion regulation, and management of other's expectations. At the mid-point, she shared her new perspectives around the impact of emotions and the acceptance of a different approach and cited an improvement in accountability, self-reliance, and awareness. By program conclusion, she perceived more adaptive emotion regulation and increased acceptance of emotion. Ongoing program evaluation supported implementation, identified facilitators (e.g., coach involvement, connection to established skills), and addressed challenges (e.g., time, frustration, distracting environment) identified by the athlete. This case study provides insights into the development and use of self-compassion and mindfulness in high performance sport, and may help inform strategies to support integration of such skills.
THE CONTROL OF THE FALSE DISCOVERY RATE IN MULTIPLE TESTING UNDER DEPENDENCY

Benjamini and Hochberg suggest that the false discovery rate may be the appropriate error rate to control in many applied multiple testing problems. A simple procedure was given there as an FDR controlling procedure for independent test statistics and was shown to be much more powerful than comparable procedures which control the traditional familywise error rate. We prove that this same procedure also controls the false discovery rate when the test statistics have positive regression dependency on each of the test statistics corresponding to the true null hypotheses. This condition for positive dependency is general enough to cover many problems of practical interest, including the comparisons of many treatments with a single control, multivariate normal test statistics with positive correlation matrix and multivariate t. Furthermore, the test statistics may be discrete, and the tested hypotheses composite without posing special difficulties. For all other forms of dependency, a simple conservative modification of the procedure controls the false discovery rate. Thus the range of problems for which a procedure with proven FDR control can be offered is greatly increased. 1.1. Simultaneous hypotheses testing. The control of the increased type I error when testing simultaneously a family of hypotheses is a central issue in the area of multiple comparisons. Rarely are we interested only in whether all hypotheses are jointly true or not, which is the test of the intersection null hypothesis. In most applications, we infer about the individual hypotheses, realizing that some of the tested hypotheses are usually true—we hope not all—and some are not. We wish to decide which ones are not true, indicating (statistical) discoveries. An important such problem is that of multiple endpoints in a clinical trial: a new treatment is compared with an existing one in terms of a large number of potential benefits (endpoints).
Efficiently Verifiable Computation on Encrypted Data

We study the task of verifiable delegation of computation on encrypted data. We improve previous definitions in order to tolerate adversaries that learn whether or not clients accept the result of a delegated computation. In this strong model, we construct a scheme for arbitrary computations and highly efficient schemes for delegation of various classes of functions, such as linear combinations, high-degree univariate polynomials, and multivariate quadratic polynomials. Notably, the latter class includes many useful statistics. Using our solution, a client can store a large encrypted dataset on a server, query statistics over this data, and receive encrypted results that can be efficiently verified and decrypted. As a key contribution for the efficiency of our schemes, we develop a novel homomorphic hashing technique that allows us to efficiently authenticate computations, at the same cost as if the data were in the clear, avoiding a $10^4$ overhead which would occur with a naive approach. We support our theoretical constructions with extensive implementation tests that show the practical feasibility of our schemes.
VEB-1 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis sepsis outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit in India: clinical and diagnostic implications

Introduction: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, are increasingly implicated in nosocomial outbreaksworldwide, particularly in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Proteus mirabilis is an uncommon nosocomial pathogen causing sepsis in neonates. Case Presentation: We report an outbreak of ESBL-positive MDR P. mirabilis sepsis involving five babies within 10 days in a NICU, which was promptly detected and managed. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanism of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) in the bacteria. Surveillance cultures were collected from health-care personnel (hand swabs, urine) and the surrounding patient-care environment. Ribotyping was performed to determine the clonality of the strain. Thirteen P. mirabilis were recovered from the blood cultures of the five babies and surveillance cultures. Twelve isolates were positive for the VEB-1 ESBL type, and were susceptible only to ciprofloxacin and carbapenems. There was an unusual phenotypic synergy observed between the 3GCs and imipenem/cefoxitin. The source of infection was traced to a contaminated multidose vial. The outbreak was associated with a high mortality (80 %). A change of empirical antibiotic policy to ciprofloxacin, with strict infection control measures, brought the outbreak to an abrupt end. Conclusion: This is believed to be the first report of a nosocomial outbreak of VEB-1 ESBL-producing P. mirabilis sepsis in neonates from India. The present report of infection due to VEB-1-producing P. mirabilis, an uncommon pathogen for an epidemic in a neonatal unit, highlights the growing significance of such Gram-negative bacteria as a cause of infections in newborns. Epidemic spread in a neonatal unit of an ESBL-producing Proteus species, which also had an intrinsically reduced susceptibility to imipenem, and resistance to colistin and tigecycline, can be a threatening situation and can result in high neonatal mortality unless recognized and controlled in a timely manner.
Stability Analysis of Discrete Time Fuzzy Systems Based on Piecewise Lyapunov Functions

This paper presents a stability analysis method for the discrete time fuzzy system based on a piecewise Lyapunov function. It is shown that the stability of the system can be established if a piecewise Lyapunov function can be constructed, and moreover, the function can be obtained by solving a set of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) that is numerically feasible with commercially available software. Key-Words: Discrete time, Fuzzy systems, Linear matrix inequality, Piecewise Lyapunov function, Stability.
Do Technology Shocks Lead to a Fall in Total Hours Worked

This paper contributes to the debate initiated by Gali in 1999. I provide a theory with capital income taxation, labor hoarding as well as long-run shifts in the social attitudes to the workplace-modelled as "leisure at the workplace"-to argue that there are other shocks that may influence labor productivity in the long run. I introduce "medium-run identification" and show it to be superior to long-run identification or standard short-run identification, when applied to artificial data. With U.S. data and medium-run identification, I find the robust result that technology shocks lead to a hump-shaped response of total hours worked, which is mildly positive following a near-zero initial response. (JEL: E32, E24, C32, C15) Copyright (c) 2004 The European Economic Association.
Flexible business-oriented service interfaces in information systems

Information systems supporting flexible business in small-to-medium enterprises must be easily modifiable under the supervision of their users. The users (business people) must take active part in agile system development and maintenance. The systems must be able to integrate large legacy systems and to communicate with the systems of independent business partners. Business processes need not be executed by a single ERR We discuss a variant of SOA able to meet these requirements. The discussed SOA uses communication protocols based on problem-oriented languages. We propose a concept of organizational (architectural) services generalizing the concept of connectors and routers. The power and usefulness of the proposal is demonstrated on the examples of service composition, business-oriented interfaces, agile business processes, portals, and gateways. The proposal is based on experience from practical SOA projects.
Population Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Hyperglycemic Clamp and Meal Tolerance Tests in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

In this study, glucose and insulin concentration–time profiles in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) under meal tolerance test (MTT) and hyperglycemic clamp (HGC) conditions were co-modeled simultaneously. Blood glucose and insulin concentrations were obtained from 20 subjects enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, two-way crossover study. Patients were treated with palosuran or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks and then switched to the alternative treatment after a 4-week washout period. The MTT and HGC tests were performed 1 h after drug administration on days 28 and 29 of each treatment period. Population data analysis was performed using NONMEM. The HGC model incorporates insulin-dependent glucose clearance and glucose-induced insulin secretion. This model was extended for the MTT, in which glucose absorption was described using a transit compartment with a mean transit time of 62.5 min. The incretin effect (insulin secretion triggered by oral glucose intake) was also included, but palosuran did not influence insulin secretion or sensitivity. Glucose clearance was 0.164 L/min with intersubject and interoccasion variability of 9.57% and 31.8%. Insulin-dependent glucose clearance for the HGC was about 3-fold greater than for the MTT (0.0111 vs. 0.00425 L/min/[mU/L]). The maximal incretin effect was estimated to enhance insulin secretion 2-fold. The lack of palosuran effect coupled with a population-based analysis provided quantitative insights into the variability of glucose and insulin regulation in patients with T2DM following multiple glucose tolerance tests. Application of these models may also prove useful in antihyperglycemic drug development and assessing glucose–insulin homeostasis.
Feasibility of in vivo measurement of carotid wall shear rate using spiral fourier velocity encoded MRI

Arterial wall shear stress is widely believed to influence the formation and growth of atherosclerotic plaque; however, there is currently no gold standard for its in vivo measurement. The use of phase contrast MRI has proved to be challenging due to partial‐volume effects and inadequate signal‐to‐noise ratio at the high spatial resolutions that are required. This work evaluates the use of spiral Fourier velocity encoded MRI as a rapid method for assessing wall shear rate in the carotid arteries. Wall shear rate is calculated from velocity histograms in voxels spanning the blood/vessel wall interface, using a method developed by Frayne and Rutt (Magn Reson Med 1995;34:378–387). This study (i) demonstrates the accuracy of the velocity histograms measured by spiral Fourier velocity encoding in a pulsatile carotid flow phantom compared with high‐resolution two‐dimensional Fourier transform phase contrast, (ii) demonstrates the accuracy of Fourier velocity encoding–based shear rate measurements in a numerical phantom designed using a computational fluid dynamics simulation of carotid flow, and (iii) demonstrates in vivo measurement of regional wall shear rate and oscillatory shear index in the carotid arteries of healthy volunteers at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 63:1537–1547, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient signal detection of cognitive radio systems for wireless ad-hoc networks

In this paper, we analyze and simulate the efficient signal detection algorithm for wireless ad-hoc network based on the cognitive radio (CR) systems. For improvement of the signal detection probability, we use the digital watermarking sequence to the CR based wireless ad-hoc network. In the simulation results, we show the correlation value and the signal detection probability using digital watermarking sequence.
Programming Parallel Algorithms 1 Work and Depth 2 Nested Data-parallelism and Nesl

The Web version is interactive and allows the reader to try the parallel algorithms presented in this paper. In the past 20 years there has been tremendous progress in developing and analyzing parallel algorithms. Researchers have developed eecient parallel algorithms to solve most problems for which eecient sequential solutions are known. Although some of these algorithms are eecient only in a theoretical framework, many are quite eecient in practice or have key ideas that have been used in eecient implementations. This research on parallel algorithms has not only improved our general understanding of parallelism, but in several cases has led to improvements in sequential algorithms. Unfortunately there has been less success in developing good languages for programming parallel algorithms, particularly languages that are well suited for teaching and prototyping algorithms. There has been a large gap between languages that are too low level, requiring speciication of many details that obscure the meaning of the algorithm, and languages that are too high-level, making the performance implications of various constructs unclear. In sequential computing many standard languages such as C or Pascal do a reasonable job of bridging this gap, but in parallel languages building such a bridge has been signiicantly more diicult. Our research involves developing a parallel language that is useful for teaching as well as for implementing parallel algorithms. To achieve this, an important goal has been to develop a language that allows high-level descriptions of parallel algorithms while also having a well understood mapping onto a performance model (i.e. bridges the gap). Based on our research, we believe that the following two features are important for achieving this goal: A language-based performance model that uses work and depth rather than a machine-based model that uses \running time". Support for nested data-parallel constructs. This is the ability to apply a function in parallel to each element of a collection of data, and the ability to nest such parallel calls. 1 In this paper we describe these features and explain why they are important for programming parallel algorithms. To make the ideas concrete, we describe the programming language Nesl 5], which we designed based on the features, and go through several examples of how to program and analyze parallel algorithms using the language. We have been using Nesl for three years in undergraduate and graduate courses on parallel algorithms 8]. The algorithms we cover in this paper are relatively straightforward. …
THE IMPACT OF TAXES ON TRADE COMPETITIVENESS

Few macroeconomic studies exist on the effects of taxes on international trade. Our hypothesis is that higher tax rates raise a country’s production costs, leading to a decrease in exports in the long run. With panel data for 25 OECD countries, we use average effective tax rates on consumption, labor income and capital income to examine their impact on bilateral trade. We find that that all three types of taxes reduce the flow of international trade.
An Exercise in Polytypic Program Derivation: repmin

A program derivation is said to be polytypic if some of its parameters are data types. The repmin problem is to replace all elements of a tree of numbers by the minimum element, making only a single pass over the original tree. Here we present a polytypic derivation for that problem. The derivation has an unusual feature: when interpreted in the category of relations, the resulting program is the well-known cyclic logic program, and when interpreted in the category of functions, it is the well-known higher-order functional solution. 1 Motivation Suppose I were to show you a derivation of a shortest path algorithm, and my whole presentation was in terms of numbers, addition and minimum. Undoubtedly some of you would get up and point out that by abstracting over the operations and recording their algebraic properties, I could have derived a whole class of algorithms instead of one particular program. Indeed, such abstraction over operations is now commonly accepted as one of the hallmarks of good program derivation: generality is increased, and the presentation is not cluttered by irrelevant particularities. The purpose of this paper is to persuade you that similar beneets can be reaped by abstracting over type constructors. For concreteness, consider the well-known repmin problem 3]: it is required to change a tree t into a tree of the same shape as t, but with all elements replaced by the minimum element. There is a simple program to do that: rst nd the minimum, and then do the replacement. That simple program does however consist of two passes over the original tree t. The challenge is, therefore, to give a program that achieves the same eeect in a single pass.
Adjuvant chemotherapy after resection in elderly Medicare and Medicaid patients with colon cancer.

BACKGROUND This study investigated the influence of Medicaid enrollment on the receipt and completion of adjuvant chemotherapy and the likelihood of evaluation by an oncologist for those patients who do not initiate chemotherapy. METHODS Medicaid and Medicare administrative data were merged with the Michigan Tumor Registry to extract a sample of patients who had resection for a first primary colon tumor diagnosed between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2000 (n = 4765). We used unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression to assess the relationship between Medicaid enrollment and the outcomes of interest. RESULTS Relative to Medicare patients, Medicaid patients were less likely to initiate chemotherapy (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.39-0.65) or complete chemotherapy (odds ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.85). When the sample was restricted to patients with TNM-staged disease, Medicaid patients were less likely to initiate chemotherapy. Older patients and patients with comorbidities were also less likely to initiate or, in some cases, to complete chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Medicaid enrollment is associated with disparate colon cancer treatment, which likely compromises the long-term survival of these patients.
ROSA = Reuse of Object-oriented Specifications through Analogy: A Project Framework

Reuse of software components is a must to enhance productivity in software engineering. Object-oriented techniques help to produce reuseable components. However, the problem of retrieval from a repository of reuseable components is diicult. CASE tools of today aid in this task, but are not sophisticated enough. Reuse of components by analogy seems to be an important element in the experienced software engineer's problem solving strategy. ROSA is a project that aims to use techniques from artiicial intelligence, machine learning, and in particular analogical reasoning to help retrieving solutions to old software engineering projects for reuse in new projects. This report sets the context of the project and deenes its content and boundaries.
Fear of pain and the frequency with which healthy individuals engage in physical activity

Despite noted health benefits of physical activity, many adults engage in a sedentary lifestyle. The current study examines relationships between fear of pain, expectations regarding physical activity, and frequency of activity engagement among a healthy sample. We hypothesised that individuals with a greater fear of pain would express negative expectations and report less frequent engagement in physical activity. Participants were 162 undergraduate students who completed surveys assessing the aforementioned variables, as well as depressive symptoms and general health. We report herein that fear of pain was related to expectations regarding physical activity, which in turn predicted the frequency of activity engagement. These relationships differed by gender, such that fear of pain was negatively related to females’ perceived benefits but positively related to males’ frequency of exercise. Based on the current findings, we suggest that interventions aimed at reducing fear of pain may be particularly successful in addressing cognitive factors influencing females’ participation in physical activity.