Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Wing Body (HWB) Slat Noise Analysis

This paper presents an analysis of the slat noise for Hybrid Wing Body (HWB) aircraft, based on a database from a 3% scale wind tunnel test. It is shown that the HWB slats are one of the dominant noise components, characterized by its broad spectral shape with a peak frequency that depends on both the mean flow velocity and the aircraft angle of attack, the former following the conventional Strouhal number scaling and the latter explainable by the dependence of the coherence length of the slat unsteady flows on the aircraft angle of attack. While the overall levels of the slat noise are shown to approximately follow the fifth power law in the flow Mach number, the effects of the Mach number manifest themselves in the noise spectra in both the amplitude and the spectral shape. The slat noise amplitude is shown to also depend on the angle of attack, assuming a minimum in the range of 3 to 5 degrees and increasing when the angle of attack moves away from this range. These features are all modeled and incorporated in slat noise prediction methodologies, extending the prediction capability from conventional aircraft designs to HBW configurations. Comparisons between predictions and data show very good agreements both in various parametric trends and in the absolute levels. The HWB aircraft is designed to operate at angles of attack much higher than those of conventional aircraft. This is shown to significantly increase the HWB slat noise. To further illustrate, the test data are extrapolated to full scale and compared with the slat noise of the Boeing 777 aircraft, showing that the former is higher the latter.
Intraoperative Magnetic Tracker Calibration Using a Magneto-Optic Hybrid Tracker for 3-D Ultrasound-Based Navigation in Laparoscopic Surgery

This paper describes a ultrasound (3D US) system that aims to achieve augmented reality (AR) visualization during laparoscopic surgery, especially for the liver. To acquire 3D US data of the liver, the tip of a laparoscopic ultrasound probe is tracked inside the abdominal cavity using a magnetic tracker. The accuracy of magnetic trackers, however, is greatly affected by magnetic field distortion that results from the close proximity of metal objects and electronic equipment, which is usually unavoidable in the operating room. In this paper, we describe a calibration method for intraoperative magnetic distortion that can be applied to laparoscopic 3D US data acquisition; we evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of the method by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Although calibration data can be acquired freehand using a magneto-optic hybrid tracker, there are two problems associated with this method - error caused by the time delay between measurements of the optical and magnetic trackers, and instability of the calibration accuracy that results from the uniformity and density of calibration data. A temporal calibration procedure is developed to estimate the time delay, which is then integrated into the calibration, and a distortion model is formulated by zeroth-degree to fourth-degree polynomial fitting to the calibration data. In the in vivo experiment using a pig, the positional error caused by magnetic distortion was reduced from 44.1 to 2.9 mm. The standard deviation of corrected target positions was less than 1.0 mm. Freehand acquisition of calibration data was performed smoothly using a magneto-optic hybrid sampling tool through a trocar under guidance by realtime 3-D monitoring of the tool trajectory; data acquisition time was less than 2 min. The present study suggests that our proposed method could correct for magnetic field distortion inside the patient's abdomen during a laparoscopic procedure within a clinically permissible period of time, as well as enabling an accurate 3D US reconstruction to be obtained that can be superimposed onto live endoscopic images.
Effect of high frequency substrate noise on LC-VCOs

This paper presents an experimental analysis of the performance degradation of an LC-Voltage Controlled Oscillator (LC-VCO) produced by high frequency noise present in the substrate. The spurs observed are shown to be caused by a frequency pulling mechanism. Based on the theory of injection locked oscillators, a new analytical model to predict the behavior of the LC-VCO under the effect of high frequency substrate noise is presented. The analytical model, which is successfully compared with experimental measurements on a 7 GHz LC-VCO, provides rapid intuition on the relation between spurs and circuit parameters.
A pediatric echocardiographic Z-score nomogram for a developing country: Indian pediatric echocardiography study – The Z-score

Background: Almost all presently available pediatric echocardiography Z-score nomograms are based on Western data. They may not be a suitable reference standard for assessing the sizes of cardiac structures of children from developing countries. Objective: This study's objective was to collect normative data of 21 commonly measured cardiovascular structures using M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography in Indian children aged between 4 and 15 years and to derive Z-score nomograms for each. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted at two centers in India . Ajmer, Rajasthan, and Mohali, Punjab. We studied a community-based sample involving healthy school going children. After excluding children with cardiovascular abnormalities on the screening echocardiogram, 746 children were included in the final analysis. Echocardiographic assessment was performed using a Philips iE33 system. Results and Analysis: For each parameter measured, seven models were evaluated to assess the relationship of that parameter with the body surface area and the one with the best fit was used to plot the Z-score chart for that parameter. Z score charts were thus derived. Conclusions: The Z-score nomograms derived by this study may be better alternatives to the Western nomograms for use in India and other developing countries for preprocedural decision making in the pediatric population. However, they will require validation in large-scale studies before they can become clinically applicable.
Superradiant heterolasers

The phenomenon of collective recombination (superfluorescence or superradiance) of electrons and holes in semiconductor laser structures of various dimensions is reviewed. At the current level of technology, this phenomenon can be realized most easily in quantum-well and quantum-dot heterostructures. Under CW pumping, it could lead to the generation of powerful coherent radiation pulses which are shorter than incoherent relaxation times and have nothing to do with mode-locking technique. Particular attention is paid to the external magnetic field and distributed feedback of waves which favor suparradiant lasing.
Current State of Pediatric Intensive Care and High Dependency Care in Nepal*

Objectives: To describe the state of pediatric intensive care and high dependency care in Nepal. Pediatric intensive care is now a recognized specialty in high-income nations, but there are few reports from low-income countries. With the large number of critically ill children in Nepal, the importance of pediatric intensive care is increasingly recognized but little is known about its current state. Design: Survey. Setting: All hospitals in Nepal that have separate physical facilities for PICU and high dependency care. Patients: All children admitted to these facilities. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: A questionnaire survey was sent to the chief of each facility. Eighteen hospitals were eligible and 16 responded. Two thirds of the 16 units were established in the last 5 years; they had a total of 93 beds, with median of 5 (range, 2–10) beds per unit. All 16 units had a monitor for each bed but only 75% could manage central venous catheters and only 75% had a blood gas analyzer. Thirty two percent had only one functioning mechanical ventilator and another 38% had two ventilators, the other units had 3–6 ventilators. Six PICUs (38%) had a nurse-to-patient ratio of 1:2 and the others had 1:3 to 1:6. Only one institution had a pediatric intensive care specialist. The majority of patients (88%) came from families with an income of just over a dollar per day. All patients were self funded with a median cost of PICU bed being $25 U.S. dollars (interquartile range, 15–31) per day. The median stay was 6 (interquartile range, 4.8–7) days. The most common age group was 1–5. Sixty percent of units reported respiratory distress/failure as their primary cause for admission. Mortality was 25% (interquartile range, 20–35%) with mechanical ventilation and 1% (interquartile range, 0–5%) without mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: Pediatric intensive care in Nepal is still in its infancy, and there is a need for improved organization, services, and training.
Vitamin C Content of Freeze-Dried Tropical Fruits

Brazil is among the largest producers of tropical f ruits in the world. Commercialization of dried frui ts has gained importance worldly due to the search of cons umers for practicability and products of great nutr itional value. The application of the freeze-drying techniq ue in fruits conservation is the key for a successf ul of their commercialization. Freeze-drying is a technique tha t preserves the flavor, color and nutrients in the final product. Therefore, the aim of this work was to ana lyze the vitamin C content in fresh and freeze-drie d guava, mango, papaya and pineapple. As the freezing is the first stage of freeze-drying process, it wa s also evaluated the influence of type of freezing, such a s conventional freezer and cryogenic, in the final product. In addition it was carried out a comparative study between freeze-drying and convective drying techniq ues. The ascorbic acid content of “in nature”, freeze-dr ie and hot air dried pulps was determined using th e 2.6 dichlorophenolindophenol titration. Vitamin C conte was utilized as the quality parameter. It was ob erved losses of 37.47 to 3.05% for freeze-dried guava, ma ngo, papaya and pineapple, whereas these losses wer of 49.3% after convective drying. The freezing using c onventional freezer resulted in highest vitamin C l osses.
Physically active academic lessons and time on task: the moderating effect of body mass index.

UNLABELLED Physically active classroom lessons have been found to increase on-task behavior in children. Given that physical activity has been associated with an increased time on task (TOT) and that overweight children take fewer steps than normal weight children do, it was expected that benefits of the physical activity would differentially impact those children of higher weight status. PURPOSE To examine the effects of a physically active classroom lesson and body mass index (BMI) category on TOT in a sample of elementary-aged children (N = 97). METHODS Behavior was assessed through direct observations before and after a physically active classroom lesson and before and after a traditional inactive classroom lesson. TOT was calculated through momentary time sampling for each student by dividing the number of on-task observations by the total number of observations per student (interrater reliability = 94%). RESULTS TOT decreased significantly from before to after the lesson for all BMI categories in the inactive control condition, with no change for the active condition. Post hoc analyses found a significant linear effect for the reduction in TOT with each level of BMI in the inactive condition, with the greatest magnitude of effect for the overweight group. CONCLUSIONS Physically active classroom lessons provide a buffer to prevent the steep reduction in TOT experienced after a period of inactivity in all children, especially those who are overweight.
Half-MOS Based Single-Poly EEPROM Cell With Program and Erase Bit Granularity

A single-poly electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) cell compatible with standard CMOS process is proposed. With respect to the classical embedded NOR cell, it can be programmed and erased by Fowler-Nordheim tunneling with single-bit granularity. The memory cell is based on a novel writing-inhibition scheme enabled by the combination of the body effect with multiple half-MOS devices. Experimental results on programming, erasing, inhibition, reading, and cycling endurance are provided using a 0.13 μm standard CMOS process.
Influence of protein digestion on plasma amino acid levels in sheep.

A study was made of the effect of increased protein digestion in the intestines on the concentration of amino acids in the peripheral blood plasma. Plasma samples were analysed from three sheep offered a basal diet of wheaten hay either alone or supplemented during successive l4-day periods by the infusion per abomasum of 50, 100, and 150 g/day of calcium caseinate. In addition, plasma was analysed from five sheep fed diets of dried ryegrass (Lolium perenne X L. multiflorum) which provided 7-43 g/day of dietary nitrogen
Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty for Treatment of Painful Osteoporotic Compression Fractures

Purpose To review the pathophysiology of osteoporosis and describe vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, which are minimally invasive procedures to treat the pain associated with vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). Data sources Extensive literature review of osteoporosis, vertebroplasty, and kyphoplasty supplemented by case study and clinical experience in the minimally invasive interventional neuroradiology interventions. Conclusions Osteoporosis is a progressive debilitating process that destroys the cancellous bone, weakening the overall integrity and stability of the bone. The loss of bone mass places the individual at increased risk for vertebral body, hip, and wrist fractures. In the past, there was no treatment option to repair vertebral body deformity or instability after osteoporotic VCFs. Management solely relied on the use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, narcotics, muscle relaxants, and/or orthotic bracing to provide pain relief. VCFs alter the stability of the vertebral body and column, and the lack of stabilization can lead to chronic pain syndrome, immobility, pulmonary compromise, progression of spinal deformity, increase in the risk for additional VCFs, and increase in the risk for comorbidities and mortality related to immobility. Implications for Practice Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are minimally invasive procedures aimed at pain control, stabilization of the vertebral body, and with kyphoplasty, the ability to provide some correction of deformity with partial restoration of vertebral body height. Providing pain control and stabilization of the vertebral column improves mobility, thus decreasing the potential risks associated with immobility.
DNA methylation alterations in the genome of a toddler with cri‐du‐chat syndrome

This manuscript reports on genomewide epigenetic alterations in cri‐du‐chat syndrome related to a partial aneusomy of chromosome 5. A systematic analysis of these alterations will open up new possibilities for the prognostic evaluation of CDCS patients and the development of new therapeutic interventions for reducing the severity of the disease.
Transferring the Rig and Animations from a Character to Different Face Models

We introduce a facial deformation system that allows artists to define and customize a facial rig and later apply the same rig to different face models. The method uses a set of landmarks that define specific facial features and deforms the rig anthropometrically. We find the correspondence of the main attributes of a source rig, transfer them to different three‐demensional (3D) face models and automatically generate a sophisticated facial rig. The method is general and can be used with any type of rig configuration. We show how the landmarks, combined with other deformation methods, can adapt different influence objects (NURBS surfaces, polygon surfaces, lattice) and skeletons from a source rig to individual face models, allowing high quality geometric or physically‐based animations. We describe how it is possible to deform the source facial rig, apply the same deformation parameters to different face models and obtain unique expressions. We enable reusing of existing animation scripts and show how shapes nicely mix one with the other in different face models. We describe how our method can easily be integrated in an animation pipeline. We end with the results of tests done with major film and game companies to show the strength of our proposal.
A New Refinement Wavelet-Galerkin Method in a spline Local Multiresolution Analysis Scheme for boundary Value Problems

In this work, a new Wavelet–Galerkin method for boundary value problems is presented. It improves the approximation in terms of scaling functions obtained through a collocation scheme combined with variational equations. A B-spline multiresolution structure on the interval is designed in order to refine the solution recursively and efficiently using wavelets. Numerical examples are given to verify good convergence properties of the proposed method.
Striking differences between the kinetics of regulation of respiration by ADP in slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles in vivo.

The kinetics of in vivo regulation of mitochondrial respiration by ADP was studied in rat heart, slow-twitch skeletal muscle (soleus) and fast-twitch skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius, plantaris, quadriceps and tibialis anterior) by means of saponin-skinned fibres. Mitochondrial respiratory parameters were determined in the absence and presence of creatine (20 mM), and the effect of proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin or elastase) on these parameters was investigated in detail. The results of these experiments confirm the observation of Veksler et al. [Veksler, V.I. , Kuznetsov, A. V. , Anflous, K. , Mateo, P., van Deursen, J., Wieringa, B. & Ventura-Clapier, R. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 19921-19929], who studied muscle fibres from normal and transgenic mice, that the kinetics of respiration regulation in muscle cells is tissue specific. We found that in rat cardiac and soleus muscle fibres the apparent K(m) for respiration regulation was 300-400 microM and decreased to 50-80 microM in the presence of creatine. In contrast, in skinned fibres from gastrocnemius, plantaris, tibialis anterior and quadriceps muscles, this value was initially very low, 10-20 microM, i.e. the same as that is in isolated muscle mitochondria, and the effect of creatine was not observable under these experimental conditions. Treatment of the fibres with trypsin, chymotrypsin or elastase (0.125 micrograms/ml) for 15 min decreased the apparent K(m) for ADP in cardiac and soleus muscle fibres to 40-98 microM without significant alteration of Vmax or the intactness of outer mitochondrial membrane, as assessed by the cytochrome c test. In fibres from gastrocnemius, trypsin increased the apparent K(m) for ADP transiently. The effects of trypsin and chymotrypsin were studied in detail and found to be concentration dependent and time dependent. The effects were characterised by saturation phenomenon with respect to the proteolytic enzyme concentration, saturation being observed above 1 microM enzyme. These results are taken to show that in cardiac and slow-twitch skeletal muscle, the permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane to adenine nucleotides is low and controlled by a cytoplasmic protein that is sensitive to trypsin and chymotrypsin. This protein may participate in feedback signal transduction by a mechanism of vectorial-ligand conduction. This protein factor is not expressed in fast-twitch skeletal muscle, in which cellular mechanism of regulation of respiration is probably very different from that of slow-twitch muscles.
Xylem: Enhancing Vertical Thermal Conduction in 3D Processor-Memory Stacks

In upcoming architectures that stack processor and DRAM dies, temperatures are higher because of the increased transistor density and the high inter-layer thermal resistance. However, past research has underestimated the extent of the thermal bottleneck. Recent experimental work shows that the Die-to-Die (D2D) layers hinder effective heat transfer, likely leading to the capping of core frequencies. To address this problem, in this paper, we first show how to create pillars of high thermal conduction from the processor die to the heat sink. We do this by aligning and shorting dummy $D2D \mu$ bumps with thermal TSVs (TTSVs). This lowers processor temperatures substantially. We then improve application performance by boosting the processor frequency until we consume the available thermal headroom. Finally, these aligned and shorted dummy $\mu$ bump-TTSV sites create die regions of higher vertical thermal conduction. Hence, we propose to leverage them with three new architectural techniques: conductivity-aware thread placement, frequency boosting, and thread migration. We evaluate our scheme, called Xylem, using simulations of an 8-core processor at 2.4 GHz and 8 DRAM dies on top. $\mu$ BumpTTSV alignment and shorting in a generic and in a customized Xylem design enable an average increase in processor frequency of 400 MHz and 720 MHz, respectively, at an area overhead of 0.63! % and 0.81%, and without exceeding acceptable temperatures. This improves average application performance by 11% and 18%, respectively. Moreover, applying Xylem’s conductivity-aware techniques enables further gains. CCS CONCEPTS • Computer systems organization → Architectures; • Hardware → 3D integrated circuits;
Comparaison de trois implémentations du modèle de Schelling

Le prix d'economie « de la banque de Suede a la memoire d'Alfred Nobel » 2005 attribue a Thomas Schelling est, avec le prix Nobel chimie de 1977 attribue a Ilya Prigogine, pour ses travaux sur les structures dissipatives, un des rares prix qui interpelle directement la communaute des geographes modelisateurs. Parce qu'il a « contribue de facon significative a reduire le fosse entre l'economie et les autres sciences sociales et du comportement », Thomas Schelling est en effet largement cite en geographie, notamment par les chercheurs qui s'interessent aux systemes complexes geographiques. S'il doit principalement ce prix a ses travaux en theorie des jeux, c'est sa contribution a une question fondamentale -Comment les comportements individuels produisent-ils des phenomenes que la theorie pure ne peut prevoir ? -a laquelle nous nous rattachons.
Input current stabilization control of a matrix converter with boost-up functionality

This paper proposes a circuit topology of a matrix converter that adding a boost up function in the input side. The proposed circuit combines the matrix converter with a V-connection AC chopper. A conventional control method can be applied in this matrix converter, so called the virtual indirect method. In order to suppress the input filter resonance, this paper discusses about the input filter design with a damping resistor. In addition, this paper also proposed a stabilization control for the input current that is using a V-connection chopper. The basic operation and validity of the proposed method is confirmed by the simulation and experimental results. The total loss of the proposed circuit is 20 % less than that the loss of the conventional back to back system.