Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VERSION Sugar and Fat Conditioned Flavor Preferences in C 57 BL / 6 J and 129 Mice : Oral and Postoral Interactions

Anthony Sclafani and John I. Glendinning. Sugar and Fat Conditioned Flavor Preferences in C57BL/6J and 129 Mice: Oral and Postoral Interactions. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. C57BL/6J (B6) mice consume more sugar and fat solutions than do 129 mice in 24-h preference tests. Previous studies have attributed this observation to strain differences in taste responsiveness to these nutrients. Here, we tested the hypothesis that differences in postingestive responsiveness contribute to the strain differences. In Experiments 1, B6 and 129 mice were trained to associate consumption of a flavored solution (CS+) with intragastric (IG) infusions of 16% sucrose and a different flavored solution (CS-) with IG water infusions (22 h/day). They were then retrained with new flavors paired with IG infusions of 5.6% soybean oil and water. Although both strains developed preferences for the nutrient-paired CS+ solutions, the B6 mice displayed significantly stronger preferences. The B6 mice consumed more CS+ during training, which may have contributed to their enhanced preference. In a second experiment, training intakes were equated by giving B6 and 129 mice “isosweet” CS solutions prepared with different amounts of sucrose and saccharin. The B6 and 129 mice consumed more of the sugar or fat paired CS+ than the water-paired CSduring training. The two strains also displayed equally strong preferences for the CS+ over CSin choice tests, indicating that they had similar postingestive responsiveness to the sucrose and soybean oil. We propose that B6 mice consume more sugar and fat than 129 mice because their stronger orosensory response stimulates greater intake, which leads to greater stimulation of postingestive nutrient detectors and further enhancement of consumption.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy for adaptive human-computer interfaces

We present a brain-computer interface (BCI) that detects, analyzes and responds to user cognitive state in real-time using machine learning classifications of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data. Our work is aimed at increasing the narrow communication bandwidth between the human and computer by implicitly measuring users' cognitive state without any additional effort on the part of the user. Traditionally, BCIs have been designed to explicitly send signals as the primary input. However, such systems are usually designed for people with severe motor disabilities and are too slow and inaccurate for the general population. In this paper, we demonstrate with previous work1 that a BCI that implicitly measures cognitive workload can improve user performance and awareness compared to a control condition by adapting to user cognitive state in real-time. We also discuss some of the other applications we have used in this field to measure and respond to cognitive states such as cognitive workload, multitasking, and user preference.
Reliability of the Spanish version of the Camberwell Assessment of Needs (CAN) (Spanish version of CAN Reliability Study)

UNLABELLED The Camberwell Assessment of Needs questionnaire (CAN) was developed in the Institute of Psychiatry (London) in the 1990's and constitutes one of the most widely accepted instruments to assess needs of people suffering from long term psychotic disorders. This assessment instrument was translated into Spanish by the Andalusian Group of Research in Mental Health. This paper describes both the methods and most significant results on the reliability of the Spanish version of the CAN. METHODS 246 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were interviewed as well as staff involved in their care. Kappa index was used to study concordance among the results obtained from interviews to the patients and those obtained from the staff. We calculated both inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability. RESULTS the mean score of needs was 6.47 in the patients sample and 6.49 in the staff sample. The level of agreement amongst patients and staff interviewed was moderate/strong. Inter-rater agreement was high (r=0.986 (patients) / 0.976 (staff), p<0.01). Similarly, test-retest agreement was r=0.791 in the patients group and r=0.766 in the staff sample (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS this study suggests that the Spanish version of the CAN is a highly reliable instrument to evaluate needs of people suffering from long-term psychotic disorders. It also is easy and fast to administer. However, we believe it may have some transcultural difficulties in certain areas as responses might be dependent on socio-cultural context.
Modeling the behavior of uveal melanoma in the liver.

PURPOSE To model the behavior of uveal melanoma in the liver. METHODS A 15-muL suspension of metastatic MUM2B or either primary OCM1 or M619 uveal melanoma cells was injected into the liver parenchyma of 105 CB17 SCID mice through a 1-cm abdominal incision. Animals were killed at 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks after injection. Before euthanatization, 3% FITC-BSA buffer was injected into the retro-orbital plexus of one eye of three mice. Liver tissues were examined by light and fluorescence microscopy, and were stained with human anti-laminin. Vasculogenic mimicry patterns were reconstructed from serial laser scanning confocal microscopic stacks. RESULTS OCM1a cells formed microscopic nodules in the mouse liver within 2 weeks after injection and metastasized to the lung 6 weeks later. By contrast, M619 and MUM2B cells formed expansile nodules in the liver within 2 weeks and gave rise to pulmonary metastases within 4 weeks after injection. Vasculogenic mimicry patterns, composed of human laminin and identical with those in human primary and metastatic uveal melanomas, were detected in the animal model. The detection of human rather than mouse laminin in the vasculogenic mimicry patterns in this model demonstrates that these patterns were of tumor cell origin and were not co-opted from the mouse liver microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS There are currently no effective treatments for metastatic uveal melanoma. This direct-injection model focuses on critical interactions between the tumor cell and the liver. It provides for translationally relevant approaches to the development of new modalities to detect small tumor burdens in patients, to study the biology of clinical dormancy of metastatic disease in uveal melanoma, to design and test novel treatments to prevent the emergence of clinically manifest liver metastases after dormancy, and to treat established uveal melanoma metastases.
PTOFS KRDMA TUDDF CIMSA IDAS KERVT KAPLM TUPRS CEMTS FROTO UNYEC ALTIN BANVT KARTN MRSHL DMSAS KLMSN SKTAS PINSU

0957-4174/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.eswa. 2011.07. 024 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel. : +90 384 2281110; fax E-mail addresses: nyalcin@nevsehir.edu. tr, nyalcin For manufacturing industries, financial performance evaluation is very important in a highly competitive environment. Therefore, an accurate and appropriate performance evaluation is critical. As financial performance indicators reflect the competitiveness of a company, they must be carefully identified in the evaluation process. Generally, traditional accounting-based financial performance (AFP) measures are used for performance evaluation. However, these measures are not sufficient for performance evaluation solely in the modern industry time. So, value-based financial performance (VFP) measures have recently been introduced to express the company value. In this paper, we propose a new financial performance evaluation approach to rank the companies of each sector in the Turkish manufacturing industry. For this purpose, a hierarchical financial performance evaluation model is structured based on the AFP and VFP main-criteria and their sub-criteria. We use fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to determine the weights of the criteria. The companies are ranked according to their own manufacturing sector by using TOPSIS and VIKOR comparatively. The results show that the obtained ranks of the companies by these methods are almost same with respect to their own sectors. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Towards a catalog format for software metrics

In the past two decades both the industry and the research community have proposed hundreds of metrics to track software projects, evaluate quality or estimate effort. Unfortunately, it is not always clear which metric works best in a particular context. Even worse, for some metrics there is little evidence whether the metric measures the attribute it was designed to measure. In this paper we propose a catalog format for software metrics as a first step towards a consolidated overview of available software metrics. This format is designed to provide an overview of the status of a metric in a glance, while providing enough information to make an informed decision about the use of the metric. We envision this format to be implemented in a (semantic) wiki to ensure that relationships between metrics can be followed with ease.
N‐terminal chemical protein labeling using the naturally split GOS‐TerL intein

Chemoselective and regioselective chemical protein labeling is of great importance, yet no current technique is sufficiently general and simple to perform. Protein trans‐splicing by split inteins can be used to ligate short tags with chemical labels to either the N or the C terminus of a protein. The CysTag approach exploits split intein fragments without a cysteine fused with such a short tag containing a single cysteine that is easily amenable to selective modification using classical cysteine bioconjugation. Labeling of the protein of interest is achieved through transfer of the pre‐labeled tag by protein trans‐splicing. This protocol keeps other cysteines unmodified. While split inteins for C‐terminal CysTag labeling were previously reported, no high‐yielding and naturally split intein for N‐terminal labeling has been available. In this work, the recently discovered GOS‐TerL intein was explored as the only known naturally split intein that both lacks a cysteine in its N‐terminal fragment and is active under ambient conditions. Thioredoxin as a model protein and a camelid nanobody were labeled with a synthetic fluorophore by transferring the pre‐labeling CysTag in the protein trans‐splicing reaction with yields of about 50 to 90%. The short N‐terminal intein fragment was also chemically synthesized with a tag to enable protein labeling by semi‐synthetic protein trans‐splicing. Our results expand the scope of the CysTag labeling strategy, which achieves selective chemical modification without the requirement for sophisticated biorthogonal functional groups and rather builds on the plethora of commercially available reagents directed at the thiol side chain of cysteine. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Process and event modelling for conceptual design

Abstractions perform a fundamental role during product design, freeing a problem from reality into a representation more readily represented with engineering principles. Functional modelling provides such a representation for product design where customer needs are translated into a representation of elementary operations defining what a product must do to achieve a desired goal. With solely the generation of a functional model, the designer, however, runs the risk of failing to explicitly capture expected interactions and operations of the product as a whole. To that end, this paper presents a process modelling methodology consisting of model levels for the representation of product-related events and configurations based on current functional modelling techniques. Being based on functional modelling allows process modelling to integrate with functional modelling during conceptual design activities. The levels for the process model then collectively define customer needs related to how a product will be used, environments where a product will operate and changes that a product must undergo to meet customer expectations. To demonstrate the generation of event and configuration models, a common household product is investigated; this is followed by a case study discussion where process modelling is applied during the design of two ground robots.
Spatio-Temporal Trends and Identification of Correlated Variables with Water Quality for Drinking-Water Reservoirs

It is widely accepted that characterizing the spatio-temporal trends of water quality parameters and identifying correlated variables with water quality are indispensable for the management and protection of water resources. In this study, cluster analysis was used to classify 56 typical drinking water reservoirs in Zhejiang Province into three groups representing different water quality levels, using data of four water quality parameters for the period 2006–2010. Then, the spatio-temporal trends in water quality were analyzed, assisted by geographic information systems (GIS) technology and statistical analysis. The results indicated that the water quality showed a trend of degradation from southwest to northeast, and the overall water quality level was exacerbated during the study period. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between water quality parameters and ten independent variables grouped into four categories (land use, socio-economic factors, geographical features, and reservoir attributes). According to the correlation coefficients, land use and socio-economic indicators were identified as the most significant factors related to reservoir water quality. The results offer insights into the spatio-temporal variations of water quality parameters and factors impacting the water quality of drinking water reservoirs in Zhejiang Province, and they could assist managers in making effective strategies to better protect water resources.
Interactive adaptation of Intranet newsletters

We propose a new approach to edit and adapt information from the web. The advantage of the proposed approach, edited adaptive hypermedia, is that it combines human expertise with machine intelligence. A user-adaptive WWW browser communicates with an information broker environment, in which information can be retrieved and structured to fit the target user group or groups. We exemplify the approach with an application at a Swedish company: newsletter distribution on an Intranet. The information is adapted at the reader side, based on annotations on each article from the newsletters.
Accuracy and efficiency of full-arch digitalization and 3D printing: A comparison between desktop model scanners, an intraoral scanner, a CBCT model scan, and stereolithographic 3D printing.

OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to compare the accuracy and time efficiency of an indirect and direct digitalization workflow with that of a three-dimensional (3D) printer in order to identify the most suitable method for orthodontic use. METHOD AND MATERIALS A master model was measured with a coordinate measuring instrument. The distances measured were the intercanine width, the intermolar width, and the dental arch length. Sixty-four scans were taken with each of the desktop scanners R900 and R700 (3Shape), the intraoral scanner TRIOS Color Pod (3Shape), and the Promax 3D Mid cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) unit (Planmeca). All scans were measured with measuring software. One scan was selected and printed 37 times on the D35 stereolithographic 3D printer (Innovation MediTech). The printed models were measured again using the coordinate measuring instrument. RESULTS The most accurate results were obtained by the R900. The R700 and the TRIOS intraoral scanner showed comparable results. CBCT-3D-rendering with the Promax 3D Mid CBCT unit revealed significantly higher accuracy with regard to dental casts than dental impressions. 3D printing offered a significantly higher level of deviation than digitalization with desktop scanners or an intraoral scanner. The chairside time required for digital impressions was 27% longer than for conventional impressions. CONCLUSION Conventional impressions, model casting, and optional digitization with desktop scanners remains the recommended workflow process. For orthodontic demands, intraoral scanners are a useful alternative for full-arch scans. For prosthodontic use, the scanning scope should be less than one quadrant and three additional teeth.
Die Abgeurteilten des Volksgerichtshofs: eine Analyse der sozialen Merkmale

In more than 7000 proceedings nearly 17000 people had been sentenced between 1934 and 1945 by the ? Volksgerichtshof? , the highest special court in the Third Reich. Key subject of this essay is the social structure of the sentenced. The research bases on a representative sam ple. In addition to the variables nationality, sex, age, oc cupation and degree of culture the ? Standard International Occupational Prestige Scale? by Tteiman leads to the sur prising result, that the social structure of the sentenced al most coincids with the social structure of the whole popu lation. Considering the changing functions of the Volks gerichtshof during the Third Reich period, classes of sentenced can be defined by the pass judgement on treason (Landesverrat), high treason (Hochverrat) and alarmism (Wehrkraftzersetzung). An analysis of variance of the so cial profile proved homogeneity within and heterogeneity between these classes. 1. Ein neuer Blick auf den Volksgerichtshof Der nationalsozialistische Volksgerichtshof ist eine Institution, die sicherlich nicht mehr als wei? er Heck auf der Geschichtskarte bezeichnet werden kann. Als h? chste und letzte Instanz zur Aburteilung von politischen Straftaten im Dritten Reich geschaffen, bietet er gen? gend Ansatzpunkte zur wissenschaftli chen Auseinandersetzung. Dabei kommen unterschiedliche Ans? tze zum Tra gen. Aus juristischer Sicht ist immer noch nicht gekl? rt, ob der Volksgerichts hof Gerichtsqualit? t besitzt oder als Scheingericht zu disqualifizieren ist. Aus soziologischer Perspektive ist seine Funktion innerhalb des politischen Systems zu bestimmen. Der Volksgerichtshof ist nicht zuletzt f? r die Widerstandsfor schung von zentralem Interesse. So liefert er via Abgeurteilte eine Nomi naldefinition von politischen Gegnern der Nationalsozialisten. * Address all communications to Edmund Lauf, Kapuzinerstr. 13a, D-48149 M? nster.
Induction of apoptosis‐like cell death and clearance of stress‐induced intracellular protein aggregates: dual roles for Ustilago maydis metacaspase Mca1

Metacaspases primarily associate with induction and execution of programmed cell death in protozoa, fungi and plants. In the recent past, several studies have also demonstrated cellular functions of metacaspases other than cell death in different organisms including yeast and protozoa. This study shows similar dual function for the only metacaspase of a biotrophic phytopathogen, Ustilago maydis. In addition to a conventional role in the induction of cell death, Mca1 has been demonstrated to play a key role in maintaining the quality of the cellular proteome. On one hand, Mca1 could be shown to bring about apoptosis‐like phenotypic changes in U. maydis on exposure to oxidative stress, on the other hand, the protein was found to regulate cellular protein quality control. U. maydis metacaspase has been found to remain closely associated with the insoluble intracellular protein aggregates, generated during an event of stress exposure to the fungus. The study, therefore, provides direct evidence for a role of U. maydis metacaspase in the clearance of the stress‐induced intracellular insoluble protein aggregates. Furthermore, host infection assays with mca1 deletion strain also revealed a role of the protein in the virulence of the fungus.
Detection of a single viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst in environmental water concentrates by reverse transcription-PCR

Current methods for detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in water are time-consuming and difficult. We have developed a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR which can detect the presence of a single viable oocyst spiked into concentrated environmental water samples. The test is based on the detection of mRNA from a C. parvum heat shock protein (hsp). The synthesis of hsp was induced by a short 45 degrees C incubation followed by oocyst lysis by a freeze-thaw process. Hsp70 mRNA, produced only from viable oocysts, was then isolated by hybridization to oligo(dT)25-coated magnetic beads. Detection was achieved by RT-PCR amplification of a 590-bp region of hsp70 mRNA specific for C. parvum. To test the method, samples of reticulated, reservoir, bore, and river water were concentrated by chemical flocculation and Percoll-sucrose gradient centrifugation and then spiked with dilutions of oocysts. In all four of the water types examined, the detection of single oocysts was possible by RT-PCR combined with Southern hybridization. RT-PCR products were not obtained from formalin-inactivated oocysts. An RNA internal positive control fragment was synthesized that was included with each reaction to guard against RT-PCR false-negative results that may be caused by the presence of inhibitory substances. However, when the magnetic beads were used to extract and concentrate mRNA, no inhibition was observed. The technique is versatile, straightforward, and rapid (1 day) and provides a sensitive and economic means of screening concentrated water samples for the presence of C. parvum.
Anytime Influence Bounds and the Explosive Behavior of Continuous-Time Diffusion Networks

The paper studies transition phenomena in information cascades observed along a diffusion process over some graph. We introduce the Laplace Hazard matrix and show that its spectral radius fully characterizes the dynamics of the contagion both in terms of influence and of explosion time. Using this concept, we prove tight non-asymptotic bounds for the influence of a set of nodes, and we also provide an in-depth analysis of the critical time after which the contagion becomes super-critical. Our contributions include formal definitions and tight lower bounds of critical explosion time. We illustrate the relevance of our theoretical results through several examples of information cascades used in epidemiology and viral marketing models. Finally, we provide a series of numerical experiments for various types of networks which confirm the tightness of the theoretical bounds.
Exploiting Disambiguation and Discrimination in Information Retrieval Systems

Polysemous words have more than one possible meaning, thus word ambiguity is a key issue for the systems which access textual information. Computational linguistics proposes two main methods to cope with word ambiguity: sense disambiguation and sense discrimination. (Word) Sense Disambiguation is the task of selecting a sense for a word from a set of predefined possibilities, while (Word) Sense Discrimination is the task of dividing the usages of a word into different meanings, discriminating among word meanings based on information found in unannotated corpora. This paper proposes a strategy to compare disambiguation and discrimination systems by adopting an "in vivo" evaluation in an Information Retrieval scenario. The goal of the evaluation is to establish how disambiguation and discrimination bias the retrieval performance.
A Hybrid Appproach to Inverse Kinematics Modeling and Control of Pioneer 2 Robotic Arms

1Abstract — For robotic manipulators that are redundant or with high degrees of freedom, an analytical solution to the inverse kinematics is very difficult or impossible. As alternative approaches, neural networks and optimal search methods have been widely used for inverse kinematics modeling and control in robotics. This paper presents a first analytical solution to the inverse kinematics of a widely used robotic arm (Pioneer 2 robotic arm), which, combined with an optimal search method, provides an effective solution to the modeling and control of the Pioneer 2 robotic arm. Keywords: Inverse kinematics, manipulator control, modeling and control, optimization, robotic arm. I. I