Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Action selection in the rhythmic brain : the role of the basal ganglia and tremor

Low-frequency oscillatory activity has been the target of extensive research both in cortical structures and in the basal ganglia (BG), due to numerous reports of associations with brain disorders and the normal functioning of the brain. Additionally, a plethora of evidence and theoretical work indicates that the BG might be the locus where con icts between prospective actions are being resolved. Whereas a number of computational models of the BG investigate these phenomena, these models tend to focus on intrinsic oscillatory mechanisms, neglecting evidence that points to the cortex as the origin of this oscillatory behaviour. In this thesis, we construct a detailed neural model of the complete BG circuit based on netuned spiking neurons, with both electrical and chemical synapses as well as short-term plasticity between structures. To do so, we build a complete suite of computational tools for the design, optimization and simulation of spiking neural networks. Our model successfully reproduces ring and oscillatory behaviour found in both the healthy and Parkinsonian BG, and it was used to make a number of biologically-plausible predictions. First, we investigate the in uence of various cortical frequency bands on the intrinsic e ective connectivity of the BG, as well as the role of the latter in regulating cortical behaviour. We found that, indeed, e ective connectivity changes dramatically for di erent cortical frequency bands and phase o sets, which are able to modulate (or even block) information ow in the three major BG pathways. Our results indicate the existence of a multimodal gating mechanism at the level of the BG that can be entirely controlled by cortical oscillations, and provide evidence for the hypothesis of cortically-entrained but locally-generated subthalamic beta activity. Next, we explore the relationship of wave properties of entrained cortical inputs, dopamine and the transient e ectiveness of the BG, when viewed as an action selection device. We found that cortical frequency, phase, dopamine and the examined time scale, all have a very important impact on the ability of our model to select. Our simulations resulted in a canonical pro le of selectivity, which we termed selectivity portraits. Taking together, our results suggest that the cortex is the structure that determines whether action selection will be performed and what strategy will be utilized while the role of the BG is to perform this selection. Some frequency ranges promote the exploitation of actions of whom the outcome is known, others promote the exploration of new actions with high uncertainty while the remaining frequencies simply deactivate selection. Based on this behaviour, we propose a metaphor according to which, the basal ganglia can be viewed as the gearbox" of the cortex. Coalitions of rhythmic cortical areas are able to switch
Computational Inference of Compound-induced Anti-inflammatory Effects Across Time in an Adjuvant-induced Arthritis Rat Model

A number of diseases, such as arthritis and cardiovascular disorders impacting the lives of many people have strong inflammatory components. To elucidate the antiinflammatory mechanism of a Novartis compound, time-course gene expression data were collected from joint tissue in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model, with and without compound treatment. The gene expression data were then analyzed using a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) inference algorithm. Due to the nature of the biological experiments, a prescreening method to select a gene list and a data pair-up method to prepare the data were developed prior to applying DBN. From the inference analysis, a well-known cell adhesion molecule implicated in several inflammatory diseases was suggested as a potential direct target of the compound. In addition, a biologically plausible downstream pathway, modulated by the compound, was revealed. Experimental validation studies to confirm the compound direct target are in progress.
Schubert Polynomials and $k$-Schur Functions

The main purpose of this paper is to show that the multiplication of a Schubert polynomial of finite type $A$ by a Schur function can be understood from the multiplication in the space of dual $k$-Schur functions. Using earlier work by the second author, we encode both problems by means of quasisymmetric functions. On the Schubert vs. Schur side, we study the $r$-Bruhat order given by Bergeron-Sottile, along with certain operators associated to this order. On the other side, we connect this poset with a graph on dual $k$-Schur functions given by studying the affine grassmannian order of Lam-Lapointe-Morse-Shimozono. Also, we define operators associated to the graph on dual $k$-Schur functions which are analogous to the ones given for the Schubert vs. Schur problem. Le but principal de cet article est de montrer que la multiplication d’un polynôme de Schubert de type fini $A$ par une fonction de Schur peut être comprise à partir de la multiplication dans l’espace dual des fonctions $k$-Schur. Les travaux antérieurs par le second auteur, nous permet de coder ces deux problèmes au moyen de fonctions quasi-symétriques. Du côté Schubert vs Schur, nous étudions l’ordre partiel $r$-Bruhat donné par Bergeron-Sottile, ainsi que certains opérateurs associés à cet ordre. Nous donnons une relation entre l’ordre $r$-Bruhat et le graphe de Bruhat sur les fonctions $k$-Schur duales données par l’étude de l’ordre affine grassmannienne de Lam-Lapointe-Morse-Shimozono. En outre, nous définissons des opérateurs associés a ce graphe qui sont analogues à ceux donnés pour le problème Schubert vs Schur.
Balancing Energy in the Smart Grid Using Distributed Value Function (DVF)

As the penetration of renewable energy resources increases in distribution networks, so does the need to manage these resources in an effective manner. Since these resources are installed to displace carbon-based generation and to provide an income stream to the resource owner, it is important that both installation objectives (as a minimum) can be met. With all of these renewable energy resources available, the opportunity also exists to assist with the energy management of this resource-rich distribution network. However, the renewable energy resources do not produce power in a deterministic manner. The available production depends on the time of day and many other environmental factors. Accordingly, a system that is able to program and coordinate the production and storage of power in a distribution network would be of benefit to the network operator. This paper presents a multiagent system (MAS) that is responsible for the management of renewable energy resources and power storage systems connected to the distribution network of a zone substation. The MAS manages the orderly connection and disconnection of resources using a plug and play algorithm in order to minimize disturbances to the supply-and-demand balance within the distribution network. The proposed MAS design is validated using a network based on the IEEE 34-bus test feeder. The results obtained through computer simulation show that with the MAS, it is possible to manage the power resources so that there is minimal power drawn from the upstream network during periods of high demand.
A Robust Random Forest-Based Approach for Heart Rate Monitoring Using Photoplethysmography Signal Contaminated by Intense Motion Artifacts

The estimation of heart rate (HR) based on wearable devices is of interest in fitness. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a promising approach to estimate HR due to low cost; however, it is easily corrupted by motion artifacts (MA). In this work, a robust approach based on random forest is proposed for accurately estimating HR from the photoplethysmography signal contaminated by intense motion artifacts, consisting of two stages. Stage 1 proposes a hybrid method to effectively remove MA with a low computation complexity, where two MA removal algorithms are combined by an accurate binary decision algorithm whose aim is to decide whether or not to adopt the second MA removal algorithm. Stage 2 proposes a random forest-based spectral peak-tracking algorithm, whose aim is to locate the spectral peak corresponding to HR, formulating the problem of spectral peak tracking into a pattern classification problem. Experiments on the PPG datasets including 22 subjects used in the 2015 IEEE Signal Processing Cup showed that the proposed approach achieved the average absolute error of 1.65 beats per minute (BPM) on the 22 PPG datasets. Compared to state-of-the-art approaches, the proposed approach has better accuracy and robustness to intense motion artifacts, indicating its potential use in wearable sensors for health monitoring and fitness tracking.
Approaches to implementing active semantics with XML schema

In order to enrich XML with event driven, active behavior, the Active XML Schema approach defines active behavior within XML schemas along metadata, and stores traces of active behavior such as occurred events within XML documents along data. The semantic expressiveness of XML Schema, the schema language recommended by the W3C, however, is not sufficient to define the active semantics of Active XML Schema concepts. The contribution of this paper is to identify, explore, and evaluate approaches to implementing Active XML Schema with XML Schema, discussing the trade-off between semantic expressiveness and interoperability. Assuming that Active XML Schema may be seen as representative for tailored schema languages, the findings of this paper can be applied for arbitrary tailored schema languages.
Multihop localization with density and path length awareness in non-uniform wireless sensor networks

Localization of wireless micro-sensors which are non-uniformly scattered over a region is a challenging problem. Solutions relying on simple inter-node ranging and then summing up ranges between a node and reference nodes do not necessarily provide reliable position estimation. Besides, in multihop localization, error in distance estimation tends to accumulate with the increase of path length. This is because by increasing hop-counts, the disparity between the actual progressed distance and estimated progressed distance is accumulated. In view of this, a novel multi-hop localization scheme that incorporates density and path-length awareness is proposed for non-uniformly distributed wireless sensor networks. Also, we seek to reduce errors in position estimation introduced by long propagation path.
Content-based Influence Modeling for Opinion Behavior Prediction

Nowadays, social media has become a popular platform for companies to understand their customers. It provides valuable opportunities to gain new insights into how a person’s opinion about a product is influenced by his friends. Though various approaches have been proposed to study the opinion formation problem, they all formulate opinions as the derived sentiment values either discrete or continuous without considering the semantic information. In this paper, we propose a Content-based Social Influence Model to study the implicit mechanism underlying the change of opinions. We then apply the learned model to predict users’ future opinions. The advantages of the proposed model is the ability to handle the semantic information and to learn two influence components including the opinion influence of the content information and the social relation factors. In the experiments conducted on Twitter datasets, our model significantly outperforms other popular opinion formation models.
PR OO Anatomy-based face reconstruction for animation using multi-layer deformation

This paper presents a novel multi-layer deformation (MLD) method for reconstructing animatable, anatomy-based human facial models with minimal manual intervention. Our method is based on adapting a prototype model with the multi-layer anatomical structure to the acquired range data in an ‘‘outside-in’’ manner: deformation applied to the external skin layer is propagated along with the subsequent transformations to the muscles, with the final effect of warping the underlying skull. The prototype model has a known topology and incorporates a multi-layer structure hierarchy of physically based skin, muscles, and skull. In the MLD, a global alignment is first carried out to adapt the position, size, and orientation of the prototype model to align it with the scanned data based on measurements between a subset of specified anthropometric landmarks. In the skin layer adaptation, the generic skin mesh is represented as a dynamic deformable model which is subjected to internal force stemming from the elastic properties of the surface and external forces generated by input data points and features. A fully automated approach has been developed for adapting the underlying muscle layer which consists of three types of physically based facial muscle models. MLD deforms a set of automatically generated skull feature points according to the adapted external skin and muscle layers. The new positions of these feature points are then used to drive a volume morphing applied to the template skull model. We demonstrate our method by applying it to generate a wide range of different facial models on which various facial expressions are animated. r 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Proposal of high-definition digital video ip transmission application on emergency satellite network at disaster areas

the globe, there were so many natural disasters such as earthquake, tsunami, flood and so on. On the disaster recovery for monitoring circumstances and telemedicine, the emergency and temporary satellite network has been very useful usage since the mid-1980s. NICT (National Institute of Information and Communications Technology) and TEL (Tokyo Electron Limited) are under co-developing the high-definition images IP transmission application, which is called " RuffSystems HDV ". This application can adopt not only on the high QOS (Quality of Service) network such as an optical fiber network or xDSL, but also on the low QOS network (narrow bandwidth, high jitter and low latency) such as the emergency and temporary satellite network, seamlessly. This paper describes the outline of original Ruff-Systems HDV and the added function for usages on the emergency and temporary satellite network.
Screening Libraries to Identify Proteins with Desired Binding Activities Using a Split-gfp Reassembly Assay

cbi9990825210008 W e have previously described a split-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reassembly assay by which to detect proteinϪprotein interactions (1−3). In this assay, green fluorescent protein is dissected into two fragments, which when expressed together in Escherichia coli do not reassemble into a fluorescent protein. If, however, the two fragments of GFP are each individually fused to two interacting proteins, then this interaction can mediate reassembly of the GFP, with consequent cellular fluorescence (Figure 1). Here, we describe the use of this assay to screen large libraries and to identify proteins with new binding specificities. A protein that is to be used as a framework on which to introduce novel binding activities should ideally be small, stable, of known structure, and devoid of disul-fide bonds. Here we describe the use of the versatile tet-ratricopeptide repeat (TPR) as such a framework. The TPR is 34 amino acids long and adopts a helix-turn-helix structure (4, 5). The natural function of TPR domains is li-gand binding, and the minimal peptide-binding module comprises three tandem TPR repeats (6). The 3-TPR unit possesses all of the desirable characteristics described above and therefore represents an ideal framework on which to introduce novel binding activities. There are several additional properties of TPRs that make them an attractive framework. The peptide ligand is bound in an extended conformation, suggesting that virtually any peptide sequence could be recognized (7). In addition, there is little, if any, change in the TPR backbone upon ligand binding (8). It is therefore reasonable to consider the structure of an existing TPRϪpeptide complex as a guideline when designing TPRs with new binding specificities. Sequence alignment and analysis ABSTRACT Designer protein modules, which bind specifically to a desired target , have numerous potential applications. One approach to creating such proteins is to construct and screen libraries. Here we present a detailed description of using a split-GFP reassembly assay to screen libraries and identify proteins with novel binding properties. Attractive features of the split-GFP based screen are the absence of false positives and the simplicity, robustness, and ease of automation of the screen. Here, we describe both the construction of a näive protein library, and screening of the library using the split-GFP assay to identify proteins that bind specifically to chosen peptide sequences.
Leadership, human resource management and the content of the psychological contract

This paper argues that, in combination, management leadership styles (transactional versus relational) and human resource management practices (flexibility versus commitment) play an important role in formulating the orientation and content of the psychological contract. The paper presents a theoretical framework of how this occurs, drawing upon and integrating prior research to develop a typology of psychological contract obligations based on a two-by-two matrix, with leadership style and HRM systems on opposing axes. The resultant obligations are termed as partnership, paternalistic, market-based and dynamic. Implications are discussed from the viewpoint of both individuals and organizations. Crucially, the paper posits that a failure to match leadership styles and human resource (HR) practices may lead to mismatched expectations between employees and employers. This may have negative consequences for an organization’s performance as, under the psychological contract, a breach of perceived obligations to employees by employers can have consequences for employee attitudes and behaviors.
Promoting fan engagement: An exploration of the fundamental motives for sport consumption amongst premier league football spectators

The aim of this study was to examine whether fan engagement could be predicted by the motivational dimensions of sport consumption. A sample of 806 football sport fans (African = 85%, male = 67.4%, part of an organised supporters club = 57.6%) were participants. They completed the Fan Engagement Scale (FES), the Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption (MSSC) and a biographical questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was applied to evaluate the postulated regressive paths between the motivational dimensions for sports consumption and fan engagement. The motivational dimensions for sport consumption were clustered into personal and game-related factors. Both these clusters of factors were predictive of fan engagement. Customer engagement (CE) theory appears to explain the findings.
Investigating the influence of geometrical traits on light interception efficiency of apple trees: A modelling study with MAppleT

MAppleT is a functional-structural plant model that has been built for simulating architectural development of apple trees. It has the capability of representing tree growth within a virtual space where the development of individual organs depends on geometrical traits. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of apple trees' architectural variability on their light interception efficiency. The STAR, i.e. the silhouette to total area ratio, of leaves, was chosen to evaluate the level of such efficiency. The strategy is to integrate MAppleT with the light interception model provided by the Fractalysis module of the VPlants software library. Target values of four major traits (internode length, leaf area, branching angle and top shoot diameter), are varied in range previously observed in a segregating population of apple hybrids. A sensitivity analysis based on polynomial and generalized additive models was performed for highlighting the most influential trait on light interception. The contribution of stochastic processes that control tree topology in MAppleT is also investigated in the sensitivity analysis. This study not only provides a time- and resource-saving alternative for data collection, but also sets a methodology for ideotype definition and further genetic improvement of apple trees.
Factor Prices and International Trade: A Unifying Perspective

How do trade liberalizations affect relative factor prices and to what extent do they cause factors to reallocate across sectors? We first present a general framework that nests a wide range of models that have been used to study the link between globalization and factor prices. Under some restrictions, changes in the "factor content of trade" are sufficient statistics for the impact of trade on relative factor prices. We then study the determination of the factor content of trade in a specific version of our general framework featuring imperfect competition, increasing returns to scale, and heterogeneous producers. We show how heterogeneous firms' decisions shape the factor content of trade, and, therefore, the impact of trade liberalization on relative factor prices and between-sector factor allocation.
Lipidomic Analysis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under Nitrogen and Sulfur Deprivation

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii accumulates lipids under complete nutrient starvation conditions while overall growth in biomass stops. In order to better understand biochemical changes under nutrient deprivation that maintain production of algal biomass, we used a lipidomic assay for analyzing the temporal regulation of the composition of complex lipids in C. reinhardtii in response to nitrogen and sulfur deprivation. Using a chip-based nanoelectrospray direct infusion into an ion trap mass spectrometer, we measured a diversity of lipid species reported for C. reinhardtii, including PG phosphatidylglycerols, PI Phosphatidylinositols, MGDG monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, DGDG digalactosyldiacylglycerols, SQDG sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols, DGTS homoserine ether lipids and TAG triacylglycerols. Individual lipid species were annotated by matching mass precursors and MS/MS fragmentations to the in-house LipidBlast mass spectral database and MS2Analyzer. Multivariate statistics showed a clear impact on overall lipidomic phenotypes on both the temporal and the nutrition stress level. Homoserine-lipids were found up-regulated at late growth time points and higher cell density, while triacyclglycerols showed opposite regulation of unsaturated and saturated fatty acyl chains under nutritional deprivation.
Conductivity of 2D lattice electrons in an incommensurate magnetic field

We consider conductivities of two-dimensional lattice electrons in a magnetic field. We focus on systems where the flux per plaquette φ is irrational (incommensurate flux). To realize the system with the incommensurate flux, we consider a series of systems with commensurate fluxes which converge to the irrational value. We have calculated a real part of the longitudinal conductivity σ x x (ω). Using a scaling analysis, we have found \(\Re\sigma_{xx}(\omega)\) behaves as 1/ω γ (γ=0.55) when \(\phi =\tau,(\tau =\frac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2})\) and the Fermi energy is near zero. This behavior is closely related to the known scaling behavior of the spectrum.