Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Near-Infrared Extinction and Molecular Cloud Structure

A little more than a decade has passed since the advent of large format infrared array cameras opened a new window on molecular cloud research. This powerful observational tool has enabled dust extinction and column density maps of molecular clouds to be constructed with unprecedented precision, depth and angular resolution. Near-infrared extinction studies can achieve column density dynamic ranges of 0.3 < AV < 40 magnitudes (6 x 10 < N < 10 cm), allowing with one simple tracer a nearly complete description of the density structure of a cloud free from the uncertainties that typically plague measurements derived from radio spectroscopy and dust emission. This has led in recent years to an empirical characterization of the evolutionary status of dense cores based on the shapes of their radial column density profiles and revealed the best examples in nature of Bonnor-Ebert spheres. Wide-field infrared extinction mapping of large cloud complexes provides the most complete inventory of cloudy material that can be derived from observations. Such studies enable the measurement of the mass function of dense cores within a cloud, a critical piece of information for developing an understanding of the origin of the stellar IMF. Comparison with radio spectroscopic data has allowed detailed chemical structure studies of starless cores and provided some of the clearest evidence for differential depletion of molecular species in cold gaseous configurations. Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of infrared extinction mapping of GMCs in external galaxies, enabling the fundamental measurement of the GMC mass function in these systems. In this contribution we review recent results arising from this powerful technique, ranging from studies of Bok globules to local GMCs, to GMCs in external galaxies.
Towards more accurate multi-label software behavior learning

In a modern software system, when a program fails, a crash report which contains an execution trace would be sent to the software vendor for diagnosis. A crash report which corresponds to a failure could be caused by multiple types of faults simultaneously. Many large companies such as Baidu organize a team to analyze these failures, and classify them into multiple labels (i.e., multiple types of faults). However, it would be time-consuming and difficult for developers to manually analyze these failures and come out with appropriate fault labels. In this paper, we automatically classify a failure into multiple types of faults, using a composite algorithm named MLL-GA, which combines various multi-label learning algorithms by leveraging genetic algorithm (GA). To evaluate the effectiveness of MLL-GA, we perform experiments on 6 open source programs and show that MLL-GA could achieve average F-measures of 0.6078 to 0.8665. We also compare our algorithm with Ml.KNN and show that on average across the 6 datasets, MLL-GA improves the average F-measure of MI.KNN by 14.43%.
Inter‐individual and intra‐individual variation of the effects of pulsed RF EMF exposure on the human sleep EEG

Pulse‐modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) can alter brain activity during sleep; increases of electroencephalographic (EEG) power in the sleep spindle (13.75–15.25 Hz) and delta‐theta (1.25–9 Hz) frequency range have been reported. These field effects show striking inter‐individual differences. However, it is still unknown whether individual subjects react in a similar way when repeatedly exposed. Thus, our study aimed to investigate inter‐individual variation and intra‐individual stability of field effects. To do so, we exposed 20 young male subjects twice for 30 min prior to sleep to the same amplitude modulated 900 MHz (2 Hz pulse, 20 Hz Gaussian low‐pass filter and a ratio of peak‐to‐average of 4) RF EMF (spatial peak absorption of 2 W/kg averaged over 10 g) 2 weeks apart. The topographical analysis of EEG power during all‐night non‐rapid eye movement sleep revealed: (1) exposure‐related increases in delta‐theta frequency range in several fronto‐central electrodes; and (2) no differences in spindle frequency range. We did not observe reproducible within‐subject RF EMF effects on sleep spindle and delta‐theta activity in the sleep EEG and it remains unclear whether a biological trait of how the subjects' brains react to RF EMF exists. Bioelectromagnetics. 36:169–177, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tuning radio resource in an overlay cognitive radio network for TCP: Greed isn't good

In this article we illustrate the performance of Transmission Control Protocol in an overlay cognitive radio network under dynamic spectrum access. We show that the performance of TCP in overlay CR networks that implement DSA to be quite different from its performance in conventional networks, which do not allow DSA. The key difference is that secondary users in an overlay CR network have to cope with a new type of loss called service interruption loss, due to the existence of primary users. We demonstrate on an NS2 simulation testbed the surprising result: Excessive radio resource usage leads to a decrease in aggregate TCP throughput. This behavior is in contrast to the behavior of TCP in conventional networks, where throughput increases monotonically with the available radio resource.
Non-uniform description of short CRLH Leaky Wave Antenna with the Generalized Array Factor Approach

Radiation-patterns of short uniform CRLH LWA of various lengths have been computed. They show differences from the “array factor approach” predictions which cannot be explained by this model. Better results are achieved if we consider non uniform distributions of the leakage and propagation constants along the line. Non uniform distributions are determined by an empirical method based on the generalized array factor. The origin of this phenomenon is discussed and compared to the case of small array antennas.
Local voltage control strategy of active distribution network with PV reactive power optimization

The increasing penetration of photovoltaics (PVs) exacerbates the risk of voltage violations in active distribution networks (ADNs). The centralized control limited by the computational and communicational burdens is difficult to meet the requirement of fast voltage and reactive power control. Local voltage control based on the real-time measurements has a fast response to the frequent PV fluctuations. In this paper, a local voltage control strategy of ADNs is proposed, in which the local Q-V control curve is defined as piecewise linear functions. PV inverters equipped with Q-V control curve react to the local voltage measurement to adjust reactive power compensation. A parameters optimization model of local control curve is also built to improve the system voltage profile. By applying the linearization, the original nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is converted into an effectively solved mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. Case studies on the IEEE 69-node system are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Parental effects improve escape performance of juvenile reef fish in a high-CO2 world

Rising CO2 levels in the oceans are predicted to have serious consequences for many marine taxa. Recent studies suggest that non-genetic parental effects may reduce the impact of high CO2 on the growth, survival and routine metabolic rate of marine fishes, but whether the parental environment mitigates behavioural and sensory impairment associated with high CO2 remains unknown. Here, we tested the acute effects of elevated CO2 on the escape responses of juvenile fish and whether such effects were altered by exposure of parents to increased CO2 (transgenerational acclimation). Elevated CO2 negatively affected the reactivity and locomotor performance of juvenile fish, but parental exposure to high CO2 reduced the effects in some traits, indicating the potential for acclimation of behavioural impairment across generations. However, acclimation was not complete in some traits, and absent in others, suggesting that transgenerational acclimation does not completely compensate the effects of high CO2 on escape responses.
People Tracking on a Mobile Companion Robot

Developing methods for people tracking on mobile robots is of great interest to engineers and scientists alike. Plenty of research is focused on pedestrian tracking in public areas. Yet, fewer work exists on practical people tracking in home environments with non-static cameras. This paper presents a real time people tracking system for mobile robots that filters asynchronous, multi-modal detections using a Kalman filter for each person. It allows for upright and sitting pose people tracking in home environments. We evaluate the performance of the tracking system using different detection modalities and compared it to state-of-the-art people detection methods. Evaluation was done on a newly collected indoor data set which we made publicly available for comparison and benchmarking.
Passpet: convenient password management and phishing protection

We describe Passpet, a tool that improves both the convenience and security of website logins through a combination of techniques. Password hashing helps users manage multiple accounts by turning a single memorized password into a different password for each account. User-assigned site labels (petnames) help users securely identify sites in the face of determined attempts at impersonation (phishing). Password-strengthening measures defend against dictionary attacks. Customizing the user interface defends against user-interface spoofing attacks. We propose new improvements to these techniques, discuss how they are integrated into a single tool, and compare Passpet to other solutions for managing passwords and preventing phishing.
Therapeutic Organometallic Compounds

Most drugs used today are purely organic compounds. Especially after the enormous success of the cisplatin (Fig 1) in tumor treatment, interest in metal complexes has grown (Allardyce & Dyson, 2006). Synthetic organometallic compounds are generally considered to be toxic or non-compatible with biological systems. Despite this perception, the medicinal properties of organometallic compounds, in particular organo-transition metal compounds, have been probed for a long time and in the last few years the area has grown considerably.
High Blood Pressure in Panama: Prevalence, Sociodemographic and Biologic Profile, Treatment, and Control (STROBE)

AbstractThe objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence, treatment, and control of high blood pressure, hypertension (HBP) in Panama and assess its associations with sociodemographic and biologic factors.A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in Panama by administering a survey on cardiovascular risk factors to 3590 adults and measuring their blood pressure 3 times. A single-stage, probabilistic, and randomized sampling strategy with a multivariate stratification was used. The average blood pressure, confidence intervals (CIs), odds ratio (OR), and a value of P ⩽ 0.05 were used for the analysis.The estimated prevalence of HBP was 29.6% (95% CI, 28.0–31.1); it was more prevalent in men than in women, OR = 1.37 (95% CI, 1.17–1.61); it increased with age and was more frequent among Afro-Panamanians (33.8%). HBP was associated with a family history of HBP with being physically inactive and a body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m2 or a waist circumference >90 cm in men and >88 cm in women (P < 0.001). Of those found to have HBP, 65.6% were aware of having HBP and taking medications, and of these, 47.2% had achieved control (<140/90 mm [ZERO WIDTH SPACE][ZERO WIDTH SPACE]Hg). HBP is the most common cardiovascular risk factor among Panamanians and consequently an important public health problem in Panama. The health care system needs to give a high priority to HBP prevention programs and integrated care programs aimed at treating HBP, taking into consideration the changes in behavior that have been brought about by alterations in nutrition and sedentary lifestyles.
Automatic building of synthetic voices from large multi-paragraph speech databases

Large multi paragraph speech databases encapsulate prosodic and contextual information beyond the sentence level which could be exploited to build natural sounding voices. This paper discusses our efforts on automatic building of synthetic voices from large multi-paragraph speech databases. We show that the primary issue of segmentation of large speech file could be addressed with modifications to forced-alignment technique and that the proposed technique is independent of the duration of the audio file. We also discuss how this framework could be extended to build a large number of voices from public domain large multi-paragraph recordings.
Effect of Representational Distance Between Meanings on Recognition of Ambiguous Spoken Words

Previous research indicates that mental representations of word meanings are distributed along both semantic and syntactic dimensions such that nouns and verbs are relatively distinct from one another. Two experiments examined the effect of representational distance between meanings on recognition of ambiguous spoken words by comparing recognition of unambiguous words, noun-verb homonyms, and noun-noun homonyms. In Experiment 1, auditory lexical decision was fastest for unambiguous words, slower for noun-verb homonyms, and slowest for noun-noun homonyms. In Experiment 2, response times for matching spoken words to pictures followed the same pattern and eye fixation time courses revealed converging, gradual time course differences between conditions. These results indicate greater competition between meanings of ambiguous words when the meanings are from the same grammatical class (noun-noun homonyms) than they when are from different grammatical classes (noun-verb homonyms).
A Correct Abstract Machine for the Stochastic Pi-calculus

In this paper, an abstract machine is presented for a variant of the stochastic picalculus, in order to correctly model the stochastic simulation of biological processes. The machine is first proved sound and complete with respect to the calculus, and then used as the basis for implementing a stochastic simulator. The correctness of the stochastic machine helps ensure that the simulator is correctly implemented, giving greater confidence in the simulation results. A graphical representation for the pi-calculus is also introduced.
Effects of gonadotropins upon the incidence and kinetics of meiotic maturation of macaque oocytes in vitro

The specific aim of this study was to determine the effects of gonadotropins in vitro upon the incidence of and precise time interval to germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB) and extrusion of the first polar body (PB1) in oocytes from nonstimulated rhesus monkeys. Cumulus‐enclod germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes from 10 normal, cycling rhesus monkeys in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle were cultured with either: (1) 1.0 μg/ml human follicle‐stimulating hormone (hFSH), (2) 10 μg/ml human luteinizing hormone (hLH), (3) 1.0 μg/ml hFSH and 10 μg/ml hLH, or (4) no gonadotropins (controls). Oocytes (n = 234) were examined at 3‐hr intervals from 0 to 21 hr and at 4‐hr intervals from 24 to 52 hr for GVB and PB1. Neither the incidence of GVB (hFSH: 63.5%; hLH: 56.1%; both gonadotropins: 63.1%; no gonadotropins: 53.6%) nor extrusion of PB1 (hFSH: 41.3%; hLH: 36.4%; both gonadotropins: 36.9%; no gonadotropins; 31.9%) differed (P > 0.05) among treatments. The time to GVB was accelerated (P < 0.05) by gonadotropins (hFSH: 10.8 ± 1.7 hr; hLH: 10.1 ± 1.8 hr; both gonadotropins: 8.8 ± 1.1 hr) when compared to controls (17.4 ± 2.0 hr). However, the time interval to extrusion of PB1 did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments (hFSH: 32.3 ± 1.2 hr; hLH: 35.1 ± 1.4 hr; both gonadotropins: 35.2 ± 1.3 hr; no gonadotropins: 34.1 ± 1.2 hr). The mean interval to extrusion of PB1 was 34.1 ± 0.6 hr. In conclusion, GVB and PB1 extrusions appear to be, in part, independently regulated events in macaque oocytes matured in vitro since the timing of PB1 extrusion is not tightly coupled with the onset of GVB. Although the developmental potential of oocytes may be enhanced by gonadotropins, alternative approaches must be developed to improve the poor competence of oocytes from nonstimulated monkeys to mature in vitro. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Senso Question Answering Approach to Portuguese QA@CLEF-2007

The University of ´ Evora team in QA@CLEF-2007 tested their Senso system in the Portuguese monolingual task. The system uses an ontology semantic information for text search terms expansion and for verification of concept equivalency or IsA/specialization relations. The full text collection is indexed and for each question it’s done a search, for retrieval of possible relevant documents that may have one answer. The solver module engine starts by producing a First-Order Logic expression representing the question and a logic facts list representing the texts information. There is a logic-programming based module that looks for answers within the facts list that unify and validate the question logic form. For cases where the answer can be directly detected in the text there is an ad-hoc module. Then the logic and ad-hoc found results are merged and the solution with highest weight is selected. We sent one run result for evaluation. The overall accuracy was 42% and the Confidence Weighted Score was 0.19524. This paper has a description of our system.
Mechanism of Gene Amplification via Yeast Autonomously Replicating Sequences

The present investigation was aimed at understanding the molecular mechanism of gene amplification. Interplay of fragile sites in promoting gene amplification was also elucidated. The amplification promoting sequences were chosen from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARS, 5S rRNA regions of Plantago ovata and P. lagopus, proposed sites of replication pausing at Ste20 gene locus of S. cerevisiae, and the bend DNA sequences within fragile site FRA11A in humans. The gene amplification assays showed that plasmid bearing APS from yeast and human beings led to enhanced protein concentration as compared to the wild type. Both the in silico and in vitro analyses were pointed out at the strong bending potential of these APS. In addition, high mitotic stability and presence of TTTT repeats and SAR amongst these sequences encourage gene amplification. Phylogenetic analysis of S. cerevisiae ARS was also conducted. The combinatorial power of different aspects of APS analyzed in the present investigation was harnessed to reach a consensus about the factors which stimulate gene expression, in presence of these sequences. It was concluded that the mechanism of gene amplification was that AT rich tracts present in fragile sites of yeast serve as binding sites for MAR/SAR and DNA unwinding elements. The DNA protein interactions necessary for ORC activation are facilitated by DNA bending. These specific bindings at ORC promote repeated rounds of DNA replication leading to gene amplification.
Domestic violence: the shaken adult syndrome

A case of domestic violence is reported. The patient presented with the triad of injuries associated with the shaking of infants: retinal haemorrhages, subdural haematoma, and patterned bruising; this has been described as the shaken adult syndrome. This case report reflects the difficulties in diagnosing domestic violence in the accident and emergency setting.
Newtonian Hydrodynamics of the Coalescence of Black Holes with Neutron Stars. I. Tidally Locked Binaries with a Stiff Equation of State

We present a detailed Newtonian study of the last stages of binary evolution of a black hole and a neutron star, when the components are separated by a few stellar radii. Our simulations are carried out using a three-dimensional smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code. We calculate the gravitational radiation waveforms as well as the gravitational radiation luminosity in the quadrupole approximation. The neutron star is modeled with a stiff polytropic equation of state, P = KρΓ, with the adiabatic index Γ = 3. We have performed runs with two different resolutions, using 16,944 and 8121 particles initially. Our equilibrium initial conditions correspond to tidally locked binaries with different initial values of the mass ratio q = M/MBH (where M is the mass of the neutron star and MBH is that of the black hole). The dynamical evolution of the system was simulated using an ideal gas equation of state for a time equivalent to several initial orbital periods. We find that for high mass ratios (q = 1 and q = 0.8, but not for q = 0.31) there is a critical separation at which the binary becomes unstable due to hydrodynamical effects and decays on a dynamical timescale. The neutron star is not completely tidally disrupted, and its core continues to orbit the black hole. For a mass ratio of unity, an accretion torus forms around the black hole and survives for several dynamical times, but no comparable accretion structure is present for lower mass ratios. For q = 0.31 we have performed two separate runs, one with gravitational radiation reaction included in our calculations, and one with no gravitational radiation reaction—in both cases we find intermittent mass transfer through Roche lobe overflow. For the stiff polytrope considered here, the binary system always survives the initial mass transfer—the encounter results in a decreased mass ratio and increased separation. In all cases, the binary axis is free of baryons.
Document Classification for Focused Topics

Feature extraction is one of the fundamental challenges in improving the accuracy of document classification. While there has been a large body of research literature on document classification, most existing approaches either do not have a high classification accuracy or require massive training sets. In this paper, we propose a simple feature extraction algorithm that can achieve high document classification accuracy in the context of development-centric topics. Our feature extraction algorithm exploits two distinct aspects in development-centric topics: (a) most of these topics tend to be very focused (unlike semantically hard classification topics such as chemistry or banks); (b) due to local language and cultural underpinnings in these topics, the authentic pages tend to use several region specific features. Our algorithm uses a combination of popularity and rarity as two separate metrics to extract features that describe a topic. Given a topic, our output feature set comprises of: (i) a list of popular keywords closely related to the topic; (ii) a list of rare keywords closely related to the topic. We show that a simple joint classifier based on these two feature sets can achieve high classification accuracy while each feature sub-set in itself is insufficient. We have tested our algorithm across a wide range of development-centric topics.
Constant Composition Distribution Matching

Distribution matching transforms independent and Bernoulli(1/2) distributed input bits into a sequence of output symbols with a desired distribution. Fixed-to-fixed length, invertible, and low complexity encoders and decoders based on constant composition and arithmetic coding are presented. The encoder achieves the maximum rate, namely, the entropy of the desired distribution, asymptotically in the blocklength. Furthermore, the normalized divergence of the encoder output and the desired distribution goes to zero in the blocklength.