Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Problem Formulation of Emission Constrained Generation Mix

This paper proposes an enhanced optimization formulation to help determine the type of power generation mix that can meet a given carbon emission target at the minimum cost. Compared to the previous studies, the model proposed in this paper takes account of the emission cost at operational level and explores its impacts on the long-term emission target oriented generation planning innovatively. Meanwhile, the model is able to take account of the integer variables and nonlinearity of the operational cost together with network constraints and renewable generation expansion in one long-term generation planning model. The problem is solved by an innovative discrete gradient search method, and a new concept, emission reduction cost (ERC), is developed, which helps determine which generation technology is the most cost efficient in emission reduction during different stages of generation expansion. A case study on a modified IEEE 30-bus system is presented to demonstrate the application of this model and the value of considering short-term emission costs and the network constraints on the long-term generation expansion. The results and sensitivity analysis are provided to show that a higher short-term financial pressure can help realize the emission target at a lower total cost (investment and operational costs). Optimization without considering it may overestimate the total cost required for the generation mix restructuring. Additionally, a comparative study shows that optimization without considering network constraints may underestimate the total cost required for realizing the specified emission reduction target.
Synthesis of Methyl Eugenol from Crude Cloves Leaf Oil Using Acid and Based Chemicals Reactions

Isolation of methyl eugenol from cloves leaf oil using acid and based chemicals reactions has been done. Cloves leaf oil was isolation from cloves leaf using steam distillation (Step 1). Eugenol was synthesis from cloves leaf oil using sodium hydroxide (NaOH 5%) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) 5% at pH 3 (Step 2). Methyl eugenol was synthesis from eugenol from step 2 using dimethyl sulphate (Step 3). The result is dried with anhydrous Na2SO4 and n-hexane is separated by the rotary evaporator. The result of the synthesis was analysis using GC-MS and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The results of the study showed that the methyl eugenol yield is 99.14%. Methyl eugenol produced from this research according to market needs with a minimum purity of 98.0%. As a conclusion, this method is extremely simple and inexpensive for isolation of methyl eugenol from cloves leaf oil.
The presentation and outcomes of shoulder pain in public hospital physiotherapy departments in NSW: an observational study

Abstract Purpose: This study investigates the type of shoulder conditions presenting to public physiotherapy departments and the outcomes of such presentations. Methods: Demographic, diagnostic, and outcome data were collected from people with shoulder pain presenting to 10 public outpatient physiotherapy services in NSW, Australia, from 1 April 2007 to 30 September 2007. Pearson’s correlation and paired T tests were used to determine relationships and significance of changes in the defined outcomes. Results: One hundred fifty-three people were included in this study. The most common presentations based on physiotherapist’s diagnoses were rotator cuff tear, impingement, and postfracture rehabilitation. Significant improvements (p < 0.05) were demonstrated in outcome measures across all diagnostic groups, with average improvements: self-reported visual analogue scale (39.2 mm (±25.3)); flexion range (38.2° (±33.6)); hand behind back range (8.0 cm (±9.2 cm)); and global perceived effect (3.4 (±1.3)). These improvements occurred during an average of 6.7 treatment sessions. Conclusions: Physiotherapy in NSW Public Health settings manages a wide variety of shoulder conditions with benefits observed across all patient presentations and diagnoses.
Can a school-wide bullying prevention program improve the plight of victims? Evidence for risk × intervention effects.

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to examine whether a school-wide antibullying program, effective in reducing incidents of bullying, can also reduce the harm associated with victimization. Specifically, we test whether baseline victimization moderates the KiVa program intervention effects on school perceptions, depression, and self-esteem. METHOD Relying on a randomized control sample consisting of 7,010 fourth to sixth grade Finnish elementary school students, self-report data were examined using multilevel modeling across 39 intervention and 38 control schools over a 12-month period. RESULTS The KiVa program was particularly effective in facilitating perceptions of a caring school climate among students who were most victimized before the intervention, while program benefits on attitudes toward school did not vary by level of victimization. The intervention effects on depression and self-esteem were strongest only among the most victimized sixth graders. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that antibullying programs designed to improve the school ecology can alleviate the plight of the victimized and underscore that harm reduction should be assessed by testing risk × intervention effects when evaluating effectiveness of such programs.
Health-enhancing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents

We provide a wide-ranging review of health-related physical activity in children and adolescents using a behavioural epidemiology framework. In contrast to many other reviews, we highlight issues associated with true sedentary behaviours alongside physically active behaviours. Specifically, we review the evidence concerning the links between physical activity and cardiovascular disease, overweight and obesity, psychosocial measures, type II diabetes, and skeletal health. Although the evidence is unconvincing at times, several factors lead to the conclusion that promoting physical activity in youth is desirable. A review of the prevalence of physical activity and sedentary behaviours shows that many young people are active, but this declines with age. A substantial number are not adequately active for health benefits and current trends in juvenile obesity are a cause for concern. Prevalence data on sedentary behaviours are less extensive but suggest that total media use by young people has not changed greatly in recent years. Most children and adolescents do not exceed recommended daily hours of TV viewing. Physical activity is unrelated to TV viewing. We also identified the key determinants of physical activity in this age group, highlighting demographic, biological, psychological, behavioural, social and environmental determinants. Interventions were considered for school, family and community environments. Finally, policy recommendations are offered for the education, governmental, sport and recreation, health, and mass media sectors.
Estimation and control of non-linear plant in ARX form using MDPP controlled Fuzzy Identifier

The paper presents the estimation of an unknown non-linear system in ARX form. The estimated model is used in Adaptive self-tuning regulator to regulate the output of plant at desired reference input using Minimum Degree Pole Placement Controller (MDPP). Most of the literature includes the conventional RLS algorithm to estimate the system parameters. The estimation technique addressed here is Fuzzy Logic Identifier (FLI). The proposed estimator approximates the system using a linear model at each operating point. The linear identification of model necessitates the use of linear control strategy. Therefore, the design of MDPP controller based on linear identified system is also presented. The consequents of FLI are updated using Levenberg-Marqardt (LM) algorithm. MATLAB/Simulink is used for the implementation of proposed estimation techniques. The effectiveness of the proposed estimators and control strategy is tested on a non-linear plant. The results are presented and debated together with a comparative analysis of RLS and FLI. Superiority in performance is found for FLI in estimating and controlling the non-linear using MDPP. The performance indices Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Time-Weighted Error validate the effectiveness of proposed FLI.
A 75 dB SNDR 10-MHz Signal Bandwidth Gm-C-Based Sigma-Delta Modulator With a Nonlinear Feedback Compensation Technique

Wideband ( ≥10 MHz) continuous-time (CT) sigma-delta (ΣΔ) modulators generally use active-RC filters. On the other hand, Gm-C-filters avoid the need of a power-hungry driving stage due to their small loading. At the moment, the major challenge for designing Gm-C-based ΣΔ modulator is the narrow linear input range due to the nonlinear Gm amplifier, which leads to low SNDR. This work develops a nonlinearity compensation technique for Gm-C-based ΣΔ modulator. This technique designs a nonlinear feedback DAC which has matched V-I transfer curve as the first Gm amplifier (Gm1). As a result, the distortions of Gm1 are significantly suppressed at the modulator output. This method is prototyped in a 640 MS/s Gm-C-based ΣΔ modulator with 10 MHz signal bandwidth in a 0.18- μm CMOS process. With this technique, the linear input range of the modulator is greatly enlarged. Consequently, the peak SNDR of the modulator is improved by about 8 dB to 75 dB. This >12-bit ENOB is achieved for the first time for wide-band Gm-C-based ΣΔ modulators.
Alexia de superficie en español sin déficit semántico

Se reporta el estudio de caso de la paciente AB, hispanohablante, quien como consecuencia de una lesion occipito-temporal izquierda presento un patron de alteraciones de la lectura en voz alta (lentificacion, perdida de la ventaja lexica en los tiempos de lectura), el reconocimiento de estimulos escritos (errores con pseudohomofonos) y en la comprension (confusion de homofonos) que se corresponden con el cuadro de alexia de superficie de entrada (input surface dyslexia). La alexia de superficie es un cuadro inicialmente descrito en lenguas con sistemas de escritura opacos como el ingles y el frances que resulta dificil de identificar en lenguas transparentes como el espanol. Incluso la posibilidad de su existencia en pacientes hispanohablantes ha sido cuestionada y son muy pocos los casos publicados hasta el momento, pero es posible que esto se deba mas a los enfoques de evaluacion y a las dificultades metodologicas para la deteccion que a la baja incidencia. El estudio de la paciente mostro ademas conservacion del procesamiento semantico y alteraciones fonologicas, dos hallazgos no compatibles con las asunciones del modelo triangulo y que pueden ser explicadas por el modelo de doble ruta de lectura. Palabras clave: dislexia de superficie adquirida; alexia de superficie; hispanohablantes; lectura.
Distinction of Discrete Transformations Applied to Hadoop's MapReduce

ABSTRACT Hadoop MapReduce is an effective data processing platform for both commercial as well as academic applications. It intends the simplification of vast quantities of data as well as ease of processing in parallel on enormous clusters of hardware in a fault-tolerant and dependable approach. There are many modifications possible in the MapReduce to increase the performance along with increasing the simplicity of job tuning. Three of the adaptive run-time techniques namely, HIPI (Hadoop Image Processing Interface), HOG (Distributed Hadoop MapReduce on Grid) and using SAM (Situation Aware Mappers) are described and compared in the following paper. There is a rapid increase in the amount of images uploaded on the internet; however the applications which utilize this data are severely inadequate. Large and computational distributed processing can be done by employing HIPI. Another Hadoop transformation that we study is the HOG which provides a complimentary, adaptable and dynamic MapReduce environment on the resources of the grid, reforms Hadoop’s fault tolerance for wide area data analysis. All the modifications to the Hadoop framework are transparent to the existing Hadoop MapReduce applications.
The Effects of an Exercise Program in Leukemia Patients

Purpose. To examine the feasibility of administering an in-hospital exercise program to acute leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy. A secondary purpose explored the impact of exercise on selected physiological, psychological, and inflammatory markers. Methods. Ten patients, aged 18 to 50 years, diagnosed with acute leukemia or newly relapsed were assessed for body weight, height, body composition (skinfolds), cardiorespiratory endurance (total minutes on bicycle ergometer at 60% heart rate reserve), dynamic muscular endurance (Rocky Mountain Cancer Rehabilitation Institute protocol), fatigue (Revised Piper Fatigue Scale), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, National Institute of Mental Health questionnaire), and quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—General) at baseline (within 3 days of diagnosis) and at the end of induction phase of treatment. Blood draws were taken at baseline, midpoint, and at the end of induction for analyses of inflammatory markers (Linco Luminex assay). Combined aerobic and strength training exercises were administered 3 times per week, twice daily, for 30 minutes. Paired-samples t-tests were used for the analyses of physiological and psychological parameters. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used for the analyses of inflammatory markers. Results. Significant improvements in cardiorespiratory endurance (P = .009, baseline 8.9 ± 8.8 minutes, postexercise intervention 17 ± 14.3 minutes) with significant reductions in total fatigue scores (P = .009, baseline 4.6 ± 1.7, postexercise intervention 1.8 ± 1.6) and depression scores (P = .023, baseline 19 ± 11.5, postexercise intervention 12 ± 8.2) were observed. Marginally significant decrease in interleukin-6 (IL-6; P = .059) with no significant changes in IL-10 (P = .223) or interferon-γ (P = .882) were observed. Conclusion. Administration of exercise to acute leukemia patients undergoing treatment is feasible. The exercise protocol used increased cardiovascular endurance, reduced fatigue and depression scores, and maintained quality of life. Although no significant change in inflammation was observed, a trend demonstrating a reduction in IL-6 and an increase in IL-10 warrants further investigation.
Investment in irreversible irrigation technology under uncertainty A case study of the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area

Australian governments have agreed to develop and implement policies to promote more efficient use of water resources and improved water quality. Policy objectives may include incentives for investment in efficient irrigation technologies. However, the presence of large, sunk investment and the uncertainty of future returns will have an impact on the efficiency of such policies and the timing of the water savings and environmental benefits that they generate. A case study of Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area is used to quantify the effect of sunk investment cost and uncertainty of future returns on the effectiveness and efficiency of policy initiatives to increase water use efficiency. The results indicate that these factors slow adoption rates substantially. Policies that promote greater certainty with respect to water resource can potentially increase adoption rates and resultant environmental outcomes.
Identification of the molecular sex‐differentiation period in the siberian sturgeon

Sexual development prior to gonadal sex differentiation is regulated by various molecular mechanisms. In fish, a “molecular sex‐differentiation period” has been identified in species for which sex can be ascertained prior to gonadal sex differentiation. The present study was designed to identify such a period in a species for which no genetic sex markers or monosex populations are available. Siberian sturgeons undergo a slow sex‐differentiation process over several months, so gonad morphology and gene expression was tracked in fish from ages 3–27 months to identify the sex‐differentiation period. The genes amh, sox9, and dmrt1 were selected as male gonad markers; cyp19a1a and foxl2a as female gonad markers; and cyp17a1 and ar as markers of steroid synthesis and steroid receptivity. Sex differentiation occurred at 8 months, and was preceded by a molecular sex‐differentiation period at 3–4 months, at which time all of the genes except ar showed clear expression peaks. amh and sox9 expression seemed to be involved in male sexual development whereas dmrt1, a gene involved in testis development in metazoans, unexpectedly showed a pattern similar to those of the genes known to be involved in female gonadal sex differentiation (cyp19a1 and foxl2a). In conclusion, the timing of and gene candidates involved with molecular sex differentiation in the Siberian sturgeon were identified. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 19–36, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Attenuated Francisella novicida Transposon Mutants Protect Mice against Wild-Type Challenge

ABSTRACT Francisella tularensis is the bacterial pathogen that causes tularemia in humans and a number of animals. To date, there is no approved vaccine for this widespread and life-threatening disease. The goal of this study was to identify F. tularensis mutants that can be used in the development of a live attenuated vaccine. We screened F. novicida transposon mutants to identify mutants that exhibited reduced growth in mouse macrophages, as these cells are the preferred host cells of Francisella and an essential component of the innate immune system. This approach yielded 16 F. novicida mutants that were 100-fold more attenuated for virulence in a mouse model than the wild-type parental strain. These mutants were then tested to determine their abilities to protect mice against challenge with high doses of wild-type bacteria. Five of the 16 attenuated mutants (with mutations corresponding to dsbB, FTT0742, pdpB, fumA, and carB in the F. tularensis SCHU S4 strain) provided mice with protection against challenge with high doses (>8 × 105 CFU) of wild-type F. novicida. We believe that these findings will be of use in the design of a vaccine against tularemia.
Actinomycosis with Tonsillar Diseases and its Clinical Significance

Bacterial colonies, foreign bodies or other artifacts in tonsil specimens are identified as incidental findings. Actinomyces are relatively often encountered on histological examination of tonsils. Actinomyces israeli and Actinomyces naeslundi are the most frequently isolated pathogenic Actinomycetes. They are Gram positive, anaerobic, non acid fast, branching, filamentous and slow growing bacteria; and are commensal bacteria within human oral cavity [1], colon and vagina. Actinomycosis infection is reported in many other anatomic locations of body, such as pharynx, maxilla, mandible, temporal mandibular joint, neck, mediastinum, thyroid gland, salivary gland, middle ear and central nervous system [2,3].
The IT Value Hierarchy: Using Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as a Metaphor for Gauging the Maturity Level of Information Technology Use within Competitive Organizations

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present a hierarchy of progressive IT maturity using Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as a metaphor for articulating the increasing value that can be derived by the application of Information Technology within competitive organizations. The authors refer to this maturity model as the IT Value Hierarchy. Each level of the IT Value Hierarchy is described using examples and comparisons to Maslow's Hierarchy. The model can be used by IT executives as a framework for better explaining and discussing the value of increasingly sophisticated Information Technology use within the enterprise.
The Etl‐1 gene encodes a nuclear protein differentially expressed during early mouse development

Recently, we isolated a novel mouse gene, Etl‐1 (Enhancer‐trap‐locus‐1), whose deduced amino acid sequence shows in its C‐terminal portion striking homology to the brahma protein (BRM), a transcriptional regulator of homeotic genes in Drosophila, and to SNF2/SWI2, a transcriptional regulator of various genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we report the generation of antibodies against the Etl‐1 gene product (ETL‐1) and describe the subcellular localization as well as the expression and distribution of the ETL‐1 protein during mouse pre‐ and early post‐implantation development. ETL‐1 is a nuclear protein and is expressed in a biphasic manner during early embryogenesis. Moderate levels of ETL‐1 were detected in unfertilized and fertilized eggs but in the latter the protein was not concentrated in the pronuclei and seemed evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. In two‐cell embryos nuclear ETL‐1 protein accumulated transiently and levels decreased during subsequent cleavage development. After the morula stage, ETL‐1 levels increased again; in blastocysts high levels of ETL‐1 were present in inner cell mass cells whereas trophectoderm cells contained little or no ETL‐1. During subsequent development essentially all cell types except parietal endoderm and trophoblast cells contained high levels of ETL‐1. Our results imply that nuclear ETL‐1 is dispensable for the progression to the two cell stage, and suggest that during cleavage ETL‐1 might be needed at the onset of embryonic transcription. In blastocysts ETL‐1 function might be specifically required in cells of the inner cell mass and later in most cells of the embryo proper and extraembryonic ectoderm lineage. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and Application of an Insertional System for Gene Delivery and Expression in Campylobacter jejuni

ABSTRACT The genetic investigation of Campylobacter jejuni, an important gastrointestinal pathogen, has been hampered by the lack of an efficient system for introduction of exogenous genetic information, as commonly used vectors designed for Escherichia coli and other bacteria cannot be maintained in Campylobacter cells. Additionally, gene expression in Campylobacter requires the presence of species-specific promoters. In this study we exploited the availability of several conserved copies of rRNA gene clusters for insertion of various genes into the chromosome by homologous recombination. The high conservation of the rRNA sequences means that the procedure can be applied to other Campylobacter strains. The presence of a Campylobacter-derived promoter in this vector ensures expression of exogenous genes in target cells. The efficiency of the procedure was demonstrated by complementation of mutations in two strains of Campylobacter. In addition, we applied the system for introduction and expression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP). GFP-expressing Campylobacter allowed visualization of sessile bacteria attached to a glass surface in stationary liquid culture. The study demonstrated that the attached bacteria contained an assemblage of coccoid and spiral forms with liquid channels preserving viable highly motile cells. We demonstrate a novel universal procedure for gene delivery and expression that can be used as an efficient tool to study this poorly understood pathogen. The principles developed in this study could be more widely applied for the manipulation of other bacteria that are refractory to genetic analysis.