Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-term Dynamics in the Use of Places: A Space-Time Typology of Visitor Populations in the Netherlands

In a network society, spurred on by technological, social and economic factors, the process of land use deconcentration has resulted in various new urban forms such as edge cities and edgeless cities. While the consequences of this process for the distribution of the residential population and travel patterns have been extensively described and analysed, there has as yet been little investigation of the effect on visitors' use of places. Using the 1998 Netherlands National Travel Survey, the paper develops a typology of urban, suburban and rural municipalities located in monocentric and polycentric urban systems on the basis of dimensions of diurnal weekday variations in visitor populations. A two-step cluster analysis results in five types of municipality: 'central place', 'contemporary node', 'self-contained', 'mobile children' and 'local children'.
H-RBAC: A Hierarchical Access Control Model for SaaS Systems

SaaS is a new way to deploy software as a hosted service and accessed over the Internet which means the customers don't need to maintain the software code and data on their own servers. So it's more important for SaaS systems to take security issues into account. Access control is a security mechanism that enables an authority to access to certain restricted areas and resources according to the permissions assigned to a user. Several access models have been proposed to realize the access control of single instance systems. However, most of the existing models couldn't address the following SaaS system problems: (1) role name conflicts (2) cross-level management (3) the isomerism of tenants' access control (4) temporal delegation constraints. This paper describes a hierarchical RBAC model called H- RBAC solves all the four problems of SaaS systems mentioned above. This model addresses the SaaS system access control in both system level and tenant level. It combines the advantages of RBDM and ARBAC97 model and introduces temporal constraints to SaaS access control model. In addition, a practical approach to implement the access control module for SaaS systems based on H-RBAC model is also proposed in this paper.
Development of Open Source Software, a Qualitative View in a Knowledge Management Approach

Open Source Software (OSS) is software that users have freedom to modify and share it with no cost whatever their intentions. A major feature of this kind of software is its development in public, where the collective intelligence (CI) is applied and the knowledge is shared. The communication is a fundamental activity to these settings of development. To support the communication process, knowledge management (KM) stimulates the communication and the information sharing among people. This way, a good communication among users that are stimulated and coordinated addresses the final quality of the open source project. This work surveys how KM stimulates quality assurance in developing open source settings. It focuses on users, on the communication among them, and on the documentation they can help to write.
Question Answering with Dynamic Memory Networks from Knowledge Encoded in Natural Language

Research has been done on the use of various memory network [1] models for question answering. However, as far as our reviews went, there has been limited investigation on the use of such models with a large scale natural language knowledge base (henceforth KB). Recent work by [2] and [4] mostly evaluated their natural language question answering capability over Facebooks bAbI tasks, which are a synthetic dataset and do not require inferring answers from hundreds of facts. [5] explored a large scale KB, but its facts were already structured as subject, relation, object tuples. In the present work we leverage the works of these authors and explore using Wikipedia articles as a natural language KB.
Local Governments and Local Elites

Abstract Local government reform 2001 is an important part of the Government of Pakistan's programme for democratic renewal. The main feature of introducing the Local Government System was to empower the people at the grassroots level and to transfer power from the elite to the masses. This paper uses councillors‘ data from north-western Pakistan to examine the economic and social status of village representatives. Land ownership, high income, education and political connections increase the chances of election to public office at the district and sub-district level, but do not have much impact at the village level. There is evidence of genuine change at union (village) level as the majority of councillors (65 per cent) at this level belong to low-income group and small landowners. So the system has changed the identity of the locally politically dominant group. But, at the same time, results suggest that while local governments units are helpful in creating spaces for a broader range of non-elite community leaders to emerge, elite control of decision making is pervasive. However, it is expected that the presence of non-elite members in the councils may change the allocation of resources in favour of the disadvantaged group with the passage of time, provided elections to councils are held regularly.
Bis{4-[(3-phenylallylidene)amino]cyclohexyl}methane trichloromethane solvate

The title compound, C31H38N2, was prepared from bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane and two equivalents of cinnamaldehyde. The cyclohexyl groups each show a chair conformation and the α,β-unsaturated imine side chains are all-trans configured. Two molecules of the title compound as well as two trichloromethane solvent molecules are present in the asymmetric unit. The solvent molecules interact with the diimines via weak C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds.
Determinants of Inflation in the Islamic Republic of Iran: A Macroeconomic Analysis

This study establishes a framework for analyzing the major determinants of inflation in the Islamic Republic of Iran. An empirical model was estimated by taking into consideration disequilibria in the markets for money, foreign exchange, and goods. Results strongly support the need for a sustained prudent monetary policy in order to reduce inflation and stabilize the foreign exchange market. The estimation shows that an excess money supply generates an increase in the rate of inflation that, in turn, intensifies asset substitution (from money to foreign exchange), thereby weakening real demand for money and exerting pressures on the foreign exchange market. The study also found that a permanent rise in real income tends to increase the real demand for money and reduces inflation in the long run.
Verification of computational models of cardiac electro‐physiology

For computational models of cardiac activity to be used in safety‐critical clinical decision‐making, thorough and rigorous testing of the accuracy of predictions is required. The field of ‘verification, validation and uncertainty quantification’ has been developed to evaluate the credibility of computational predictions. The first stage, verification, is the evaluation of how well computational software correctly solves the underlying mathematical equations. The aim of this paper is to introduce novel methods for verifying multi‐cellular electro‐physiological solvers, a crucial first stage for solvers to be used with confidence in clinical applications. We define 1D–3D model problems with exact solutions for each of the monodomain, bidomain, and bidomain‐with‐perfusing‐bath formulations of cardiac electro‐physiology, which allow for the first time the testing of cardiac solvers against exact errors on fully coupled problems in all dimensions. These problems are carefully constructed so that they can be easily run using a general solver and can be used to greatly increase confidence that an implementation is correct, which we illustrate by testing one major solver, ‘Chaste’, on the problems. We then perform case studies on calculation verification (also known as solution verification) for two specific applications. We conclude by making several recommendations regarding verification in cardiac modelling. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A TIME SERIES ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECT OF BANKING REFORMS ON NIGERIA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH

The study examines the effect of banking reforms on the economic growth of Nigeria from 1986 to 2010. The model used in the study proxy Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as being dependent on Interest Rate Margin (IRM), Credit to Private Sector (CPS), Savings (SAV) and Inflation (INF), all representing banking reform indices. The econometric techniques of Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Unit Root test, Johansen Co-integration test and Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). The empirical result shows the presence of long run relationship among the variables. The overall findings suggest that banking reforms has not adequately and positively impacted on the economy. The study recommends that the regulatory and supervisory framework should be further strengthened, healthy competition promoted among banks and interest rate policy should be made to stimulate savings through high real deposit rates and lending rate made reasonable as possible in order to encourage investors to borrow to participate in productive activities.
Online decision support system for finished lamb production

This paper describes the design and application of a decision support system to assist sheep farmers, allowing them to assess the impact of lambing date, feeding system and the price of concentrate feed on their enterprise efficiency. Industry partners Hybu Cig Cymru (HCC) and farmers have been used as sources of expert data. To validate the system three informed examples are used to measure how minor changes in a farm's production system can make relatively large changes in enterprise profitability. The result is a decision support system for sheep farmers that is user friendly and provides data and visual feedback; it also allows the service provider to update market prices on an annual basis. Limitations of the current decision support system are its inability to consider scenarios which involve the diverse weather patterns which have implications for production systems and long term market trends.
Spatial attention does not require preattentive grouping.

Does spatial attention follow a full preattentive analysis of the visual field, or can attention select from ungrouped regions of the visual field? We addressed this question by testing an apperceptive agnosic patient, J. W. , in tasks involving both spatial selection and preattentive grouping. Results suggest that J.W. had intact spatial attention: He was faster to detect targets appearing at cued location relative to targets appearing at uncued locations. However, his preattentive processes were severely disrupted. Gestalt grouping and symmetry perception, both thought to involve preattentive processes, were impaired in J. W. Also, he could not use gestalt grouping cues to guide spatial attention. These results suggest that spatial attention is not completely dependent on preattentive grouping processes. We argue that preattentive grouping processes and spatial attention may mutually constrain one another in guiding the attentional selection of visual stimuli but that these 2 processes are isolated from one another.
Energy-Aware Resource Allocation for Cooperative Cellular Network Using Multi-Objective Optimization Approach

Energy consumption in wireless communication system is rapidly increasing due to growing wireless multimedia access. Combating adverse effects of excessive energy consumption demands for energy-aware system design, leading to a new research paradigm called green communication. In this paper, we propose user selection and power allocation schemes for a multi-user, multi-relay cooperative cellular system in order to minimize the cost of transmission. In the proposed schemes, the cost function is first formulated to optimize the weighted sum powers of base and relay stations. It is then extended to a more general multi-objective scheme which jointly optimizes the sum power and throughput keeping a balance between them. In both of the schemes, quality-of-service is guaranteed in terms of end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio. To make the proposed schemes realistic, we assume the presence of estimation errors in channel state information. An algorithm to enhance fairness among users in these schemes is also presented. Simulation results are presented to confirm the performance of proposed schemes in terms of energy efficiency, system throughput, outage probability, and fairness to end users.
A Struggle for Recognition: Work Life Reform in the Domestic Services Industry

Feminist social scientists around the advanced industrial world have given anxious attention in recent years to the possibility of the 'return of servants': that is, an increase in household purchase of domestic labour services. Feminists have been rightly concerned about the social and economic status of paid household workers. However, they have focused largely on domestic workers' individual responses to problems in their working lives. This article examines solidarity-based strategies directed at challenging economic insecurity and cultural undervaluation of paid domestic and caring work in both private households, and non-domestic settings. It thereby expands the repertoire of strategies included in the debate about paid household work, and its relationship to women's caring and quasi-domestic labour across the labour market.
Methodological issues relating to in vivo cortical myelography using MRI

The relationship between neocortical structure and function is a key area of research in neuroscience. Most studies of neural function, whether using neurophysiology or neuroimaging methods, are interpreted with relation to the underlying cortical myelo‐ and cytoarchitecture. For functional neuroimaging studies this often means using cytoarchitectonic maps based on the study of a limited number of brains, despite evidence for substantial interindividual variation. Improvements in MR technology, resulting in wider availability of high‐field MRI systems, have led to an increase in the achievable resolution in MR scans. Several groups have reported the in vivo detection of myelination patterns within the cortex, consistent with those observed in postmortem tissue. This leads to the possibility of predefining areas for fMRI analysis based on the cortical architecture. To do this it is essential to know, in a quantitative way, how reliably myeloarchitectonic areas and boundaries can be detected using MRI. Here we investigate the striate cortex, known to be coincident with V1, to assess the detectability of the stria of Gennari across V1 and across subjects. Under optimal conditions, 80% of the stria of Gennari was visualized using our methodology, although there was considerable variability in the level of detection across subjects. We discuss the limitations of the methodology and propose ways to improve the detection level of cortical myeloarchitecture more generally. Hum. Brain Mapping, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Institutional Incentives and Trust: Marginalized Groups and the Creation of Trust in Local Government*

There is an important theoretical debate concerning whether institutional trust can be created. Since very few governments actually try to promote trust directly, it has been difficult to test this debate empirically. To investigate this debate, we examine an innovative new program in Japan that is specifically designed to promote trust in institutions-community currencies. Copyright (c) 2009 by the Southwestern Social Science Association.
Up‐ and down‐expression of the dopamine transporter by plasmid DNA transfer in the rat brain

The functional role of the dopamine transporter (DAT) in central dopaminergic neurotransmission was assessed further by investigating the consequences on dopamine (DA) turn‐over of up‐ and down‐regulation of this protein induced by a non‐viral gene transfer approach. For this purpose, expression plasmids containing the sense or antisense coding sequence of DAT complexed with the cationic polymer, polyethylenimine (PEI), were injected into the rat substantia nigra, the brain region containing the majority of DA cell bodies.
Dynamic Asset Allocation between Stocks and Bonds Using the Bond-Equity Yield Ratio

We put forward the Bond-Equity Yield Ratio (BEYR) as a criterium to dynamically allocate capital between equities and bonds on a short-term basis. Relying upon 30 years of monthly data for a large collection of countries, we use the cointegration, regimeswitching and ARMA-GARCH type methodologies to model and forecast the BEYR. While no model systematically beats the random walk from a statistical point of view, the out-of-sample forecasts show that the regime-switching model based on the forecasted probability generates the best and most consistent trading performance. A strategy based on the distribution percentiles is also consistent in its ability to outperform the buy-andhold strategies. All in all, the BEYR is a remarkable relative market pricing tool in the US as it delivers higher risk-adjusted returns than the equity yield on a short-term basis.
Impact of Islamic Work Ethics, Reward System and Organizational Environment on Citizenship Behavior of Employees

Today’s competitive environment truly manifests the concept of survival of the fittest. Social researchers have been investigating work ethic values, environment, rewards and citizenship behavior of employees in different studies from diverse dimensions. This study brings all these propositions together with novel addition of Islamic work ethics in theoretical framework due to predominantly Muslim majority setting of organization under investigation. There is increased interest to observe impact of Islamic work ethics on different dimensions of organizational work environment, therefore, this study has been conceptualized to observe their relationship and influence on above mentioned important aspects. Pakistan Telecommunication Company has been chosen being the largest communication business of the country; hence results of this study would depict trends of the fastest growing significantly important sector of the economy. Simple Random sampling technique was used along with the structured questionnaire. Questionnaire was distributed to 200 employees working in franchises, regional offices and business centers currently operated in Lahore. 152 questionnaires were returned back filled which quotes 76% response rate. SPSS 17 and AMOS 16 were used to analyze the data. Study explored a new dimension which communicates a great influence of Islamic work ethics on citizenship behavior of employees that is reported as 58%.
Tissue degradation and enzymatic activity observed during protoplast isolation in two ornamental Grevillea species

SummaryDegradative changes in tissue during protoplast isolation were a contributing factor to low protoplast yields in the saltsensitive Grevillea arenaria (R. Brown) and the salt-tolerant Grevillea ilicifolia (R. Brown). Protein and malondialdehyde content decreased significantly during the protoplast isolation procedure. Acid and neutral proteases were identified, and high acid protease activities were correlated to low protoplast yields. Acid phosphatase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase and lipoxygenase activities increased in both Grevillea species with cell wall digestion. High activities of catalase and low levels of polyphenol oxidase were correlated with high protoplast yields. Levels of acid phosphatase and lipoxygenase were not good indicators of final protoplast yields. The addition of the anti-oxidant, reduced glutathione, and the acid protease inhibitor, pepstatin A, significantly increased protoplast yields. Strategies were identified to minimize deleterious degradative effects during the isolation of protoplasts, including strict pH control, testing a number of cell wall digestion enzymes, and the addition of anti-oxidative metabolites and protease inhibitors.
Segment and destroy: the missing capabilities of knowledge management

Purpose – To draw management and scholarly attention to two missing capabilities in a knowledge management program: segmentation capability and destruction capability.Design/methodology/approach – An opinion paper based on consulting and research experiences of the authors.Findings – Organizations that consider the two missing capabilities have witnessed significantly improved knowledge management programs compared with when the capabilities were missing from their agenda. In addition to the two missing capabilities, the third capability – protection capability – may need due attention.Research limitations/implications – The two missing capabilities can be further investigated as important constructs. The two capabilities complement and augment their peer capabilities (creation, transfer, storing, retrieving and applying). The intricacies of the missing capabilities and the known capabilities need to be further studied.Practical implications – If an organization neglects the two capabilities, the benefits.
Big Data Clustering Using Genetic Algorithm On Hadoop Mapreduce

Cluster analysis is used to classify similar objects under same group. It is one of the most important data mining methods. However, it fails to perform well for big data due to huge time complexity. For such scenarios parallelization is a better approach. Mapreduce is a popular programming model which enables parallel processing in a distributed environment. But, most of the clustering algorithms are not "naturally parallelizable" for instance Genetic Algorithms. This is so, due to the sequential nature of Genetic Algorithms. This paper introduces a technique to parallelize GA based clustering by extending hadoop mapreduce. An analysis of proposed approach to evaluate performance gains with respect to a sequential algorithm is presented. The analysis is based on a real life large data set.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation–Induced Corticomotor Excitability and Associated Motor Skill Acquisition in Chronic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Although there is some early evidence showing the value of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in stroke rehabilitation, the therapeutic effect of high-frequency rTMS, along with the physiology of rTMS-induced corticomotor excitability supporting motor learning in stroke, has not been established. This study investigated high-frequency rTMS-induced cortical excitability and the associated motor skill acquisition in chronic stroke patients. Methods— Fifteen patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke (13 men; mean age 53.5 years) practiced a complex, sequential finger motor task using their paretic fingers either after 10 Hz or sham rTMS over the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1). Both the changes in the behavior and corticomotor excitability before and after the intervention were examined by measuring the movement accuracy, the movement time, and the motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude. A separate repeated-measures ANOVA and correlation statistics were used to determine the main and interaction effects as well as relationship between the changes in the behavioral and corticomotor excitability. Results— High-frequency rTMS resulted in a significantly larger increase in the MEP amplitude than the sham rTMS (P<0.01), and the plastic change was positively associated with an enhanced motor performance accuracy (P<0.05). Conclusions— High-frequency rTMS of the affected motor cortex can facilitate practice-dependent plasticity and improve the motor learning performance in chronic stroke victims.