Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliable Analysis of Single-Unit Recordings from the Human Brain under Noisy Conditions: Tracking Neurons over Hours

Recording extracellulary from neurons in the brains of animals in vivo is among the most established experimental techniques in neuroscience, and has recently become feasible in humans. Many interesting scientific questions can be addressed only when extracellular recordings last several hours, and when individual neurons are tracked throughout the entire recording. Such questions regard, for example, neuronal mechanisms of learning and memory consolidation, and the generation of epileptic seizures. Several difficulties have so far limited the use of extracellular multi-hour recordings in neuroscience: Datasets become huge, and data are necessarily noisy in clinical recording environments. No methods for spike sorting of such recordings have been available. Spike sorting refers to the process of identifying the contributions of several neurons to the signal recorded in one electrode. To overcome these difficulties, we developed Combinato: a complete data-analysis framework for spike sorting in noisy recordings lasting twelve hours or more. Our framework includes software for artifact rejection, automatic spike sorting, manual optimization, and efficient visualization of results. Our completely automatic framework excels at two tasks: It outperforms existing methods when tested on simulated and real data, and it enables researchers to analyze multi-hour recordings. We evaluated our methods on both short and multi-hour simulated datasets. To evaluate the performance of our methods in an actual neuroscientific experiment, we used data from from neurosurgical patients, recorded in order to identify visually responsive neurons in the medial temporal lobe. These neurons responded to the semantic content, rather than to visual features, of a given stimulus. To test our methods with multi-hour recordings, we made use of neurons in the human medial temporal lobe that respond selectively to the same stimulus in the evening and next morning.
Cyclooxygenase-2–Derived Prostacyclin Regulates Arterial Thrombus Formation by Suppressing Tissue Factor in a Sirtuin-1–Dependent-Manner

Background— Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increase the risk of myocardial infarction and thrombotic events, but the responsible mechanisms are not fully understood. Methods and Results— We found that ferric chloride–induced arterial thrombus formation was significantly greater in COX-2 knockout compared with wild-type mice. Cross-transfusion experiments excluded the likelihood that COX-2 knockout platelets, despite enhanced aggregation responses to collagen and thrombin, are responsible for increased arterial thrombus formation in COX-2 knockout mice. Importantly, we observed that COX-2 deletion decreased prostacyclin synthase and production and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) expression, with consequent increased upregulation of tissue factor (TF), the primary initiator of blood coagulation. Treatment of wild-type mice with a prostacyclin receptor antagonist or a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&dgr; antagonist, which predisposes to arterial thrombosis, decreased SIRT1 expression and increased TF activity. Conversely, exogenous prostacyclin or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&dgr; agonist completely reversed the thrombotic phenotype in COX-2 knockout mice, restoring normal SIRT1 levels and reducing TF activity. Furthermore, inhibition of SIRT1 increased TF expression and activity and promoted generation of occlusive thrombi in wild-type mice, whereas SIRT1 activation was sufficient to decrease abnormal TF activity and prothrombotic status in COX-2 knockout mice. Conclusions— Modulation of SIRT1 and hence TF by prostacyclin/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&dgr; pathways not only represents a new mechanism in controlling arterial thrombus formation but also might be a useful target for therapeutic intervention in the atherothrombotic complications associated with COX-2 inhibitors.
Expected rate of fisheries-induced evolution is slow

Commercial fisheries exert high mortalities on the stocks they exploit, and the consequent selection pressure leads to fisheries-induced evolution of growth rate, age and size at maturation, and reproductive output. Productivity and yields may decline as a result, but little is known about the rate at which such changes are likely to occur. Fisheries-induced evolution of exploited populations has recently become a subject of concern for policy makers, fisheries managers, and the general public, with prominent calls for mitigating management action. We make a general evolutionary impact assessment of fisheries by calculating the expected rate of fisheries-induced evolution and the consequent changes in yield. Rates of evolution are expected to be ≈0.1–0.6% per year, and the consequent reductions in fisheries yield are <0.7% per year. These rates are at least a factor of 5 lower than published values based on experiments and analyses of population time series, and we explain why the published rates may be overestimates. Dealing with evolutionary effects of fishing is less urgent than reducing the direct detrimental effects of overfishing on exploited stocks and on their marine ecosystems.
Classification of the hand-printed and printed Medieval Glagolitic documents using differentiation in orthography

The angular Glagolitic documents dated from the XIII to XV century in the hand-printed form and from the XV up to XIX century in the printed form. During such a wide period of time, the way of writing documents was changed. It is particularly true for so-called old and new Glagolitic orthography. The old Glagolitic orthography was used in all documents whose origin is Croatia as well as when the editors were Croatians. This was spread in the period from the XIII to the first half of XIV century. After that period, under the influence of the Latin script, the Glagolitic orthography changed to so-called new one. The paper proposes a new automatic methodology for the classification and differentiation of the Glagolitic documents written by old and new orthography style. It consists of initial document transformation to coded text according to the horizontal energy levels in the text line. This coded text is then seen as an image. The image is subjected to the texture analysis in order to extract a feature vector. The extracted feature vector is used as an input to the classification tool. As a final result, the classification tool differentiates Glagolitic documents written in different orthography styles. The experiment is based on an excerpt of the original Glagolitic documents dated from the XIV to XIX century. The obtained results regarding differentiation of Glagolitic documents are very promising.
Revealing the Hidden Links in Content Networks: An Application to Event Discovery

Social networks have become the de facto online resource for people to share, comment on and be informed about events pertinent to their interests and livelihood, ranging from road traffic or an illness to concerts and earthquakes, to economics and politics. This has been the driving force behind research endeavors that analyse such data. In this paper, we focus on how Content Networks can help us identify events effectively. Content Networks incorporate both structural and content-related information of a social network in a unified way, at the same time, bringing together two disparate lines of research: graph-based and content-based event discovery in social media. We model interactions of two types of nodes, users and content, and introduce an algorithm that builds heterogeneous, dynamic graphs, in addition to revealing content links in the network's structure. By linking similar content nodes and tracking connected components over time, we can effectively identify different types of events. Our evaluation on social media streaming data suggests that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art techniques, while showcasing the significance of hidden links to the quality of the results.
Subsidised Training and Youth Employment: Distinguishing Unobserved Heterogeneity from State Dependence in Labour Market Histories

Using the 1990-2 wave of the French Labour Force Survey to study the employment histories of young people I consider transitions between six labour market states: employment contracts whether permanent or temporary, unemployment, training, education and non-participation. I use a fixed effect estimator in a dynamic multinomial logit model which can accommodate any form of unobserved heterogeneity in levels. This analysis can be extended to Markov processes of any order. I relate heterogeneity components to individual and family characteristics by using simulated maximum likelihood methods. These procedures allow evaluation of the effects training schemes have on youth employment histories.
On Understanding the Increase in U.S. Patent Litigation

Patent litigation in the United States has increased dramatically in the last 20 years. Understanding this increase, and the concomitant increase in patent grants, can help us to better understand the sources of technological innovation and productivity. The approach described here provides a means to simultaneously examine both the “friendly court” hypothesis and the hypothesis of an increase in research productivity associated with the information age. The results support the notion that both hypothesized factors, changes in court outcomes and increased research productivity and the associated increase in patenting activity, have played a role in the growth of patent litigation. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.
Fatores críticos para a implementação do Escritório de Projetos: um estudo de caso

A agressiva competicao do mercado globalizado pressiona as organizacoes a buscarem formas de superar as dificuldades e garantir sua sobrevivencia. Neste cenario, sao exigidas das empresas inumeras competencias para tornar-se ou permanecer como um player potencial que constantemente sao colocadas a prova nestes cenarios cada vez mais seletivos, Particularmente, no segmento de prestacao de servico, no qual nem sempre e possivel mensurar objetivamente os resultados, as atencoes sao redobradas nas melhorias de processos, que resultarao em qualidade de seus entregaveis (deliverables), Neste sentido, tem sido bastante explorados temas referentes a gestao de projetos, que esta fortemente ligada ao controle de processos, Atualmente, muitas organizacoes e profissionais vem procurando familiarizar-se com estas praticas, visando atraves dela, obter vantagens competitivas. Assim, este artigo objetiva apresentar, de forma geral os conceitos de gerenciamento de projetos, especificamente Escritorios de Projetos - PMO (Project Management Office) e, finalmente, apresentar um estudo de caso de uma empresa que enxergou o PMO como uma ferramenta que pudesse aprimorar sua gestao de projetos. Palavras-chave: Gestao de Projetos; Escritorios de Projetos; Estruturas.
The Promises of Prague versus Nuclear Realities: From Bush to Obama

Contrasting the nuclear guidance documents and public statements of the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations reveals significant differences in American nuclear policy, but also surprising continuities. Bush's aim was never disarmament, but rather extending the life and potential role of American nuclear weaponry. An evaluation of the guidance documents that developed this approach, and major development programmes like the Reliable Replacement Warhead, shows that the Bush strategy was an attempted quiet revolution that foreshadowed a new nuclear era in which the former ‘weapon of last resort’ became a usable and necessary war-fighting device. In contrast, Barack Obama promised significant changes in American nuclear policy. In his April 2009 speech in Prague, Obama offered a vision of a transformed international security context and the goal of total nuclear disarmament. Although he made eventual nuclear disarmament the central goal of American nuclear weapons policy, Obama stopped short of change on critical issues that have lingered since the Cold War. A moderate NPR and New START Treaty, together with pragmatic developments at the Nuclear Security Summit and the 2010 NPT Review Conference, as well as on the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, indicate that the role of nuclear weapons in American security policy has changed less than is widely assumed. Obama has pursued a policy of nuclear balance, with incremental steps toward disarmament accompanied by measures to retain American primacy and nuclear options.
Writing Diaspora: Tactics of Intervention in Contemporary Cultural Studies

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I. Introduction: Leading Questions II. Where Have All the Natives Gone? III. Postmodern Automatons IV. Pedagogy, Trust, Chinese Intellectuals in the 1990s: Fragments of a Post-Catastrophic Discourse V. Against the Lures of Diaspora: Minority Discourse, Chinese Women, and Intellectual Hegemony VI. The Politics and Pedagogy of Asian Literatures in American Universities VII. Listening Otherwise, Music Miniaturized: A Different Type of Question about Revolution VIII. Media, Matter, Migrants GLOSSARY NOTES WORKS CITED INDEX
Association between posttraumatic stress, depression, and functional impairments in adolescents 24 months after traumatic brain injury.

The degree to which postinjury posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or depressive symptoms in adolescents are associated with cognitive and functional impairments at 12 and 24 months after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not yet known. The current study used a prospective cohort design, with baseline assessment and 3-, 12-, and 24-month followup, and recruited a cohort of 228 adolescents ages 14-17 years who sustained either a TBI (n = 189) or an isolated arm injury (n = 39). Linear mixed-effects regression was used to assess differences in depressive and PTSD symptoms between TBI and arm-injured patients and to assess the association between 3-month PTSD and depressive symptoms and cognitive and functional outcomes. Results indicated that patients who sustained a mild TBI without intracranial hemorrhage reported significantly worse PTSD (Hedges g = 0.49, p = .01; Model R(2) = . 38) symptoms across time as compared to the arm injured control group. Greater levels of PTSD symptoms were associated with poorer school (η(2) = . 07, p = . 03; Model R(2) = . 36) and physical (η(2) = . 11, p = . 01; Model R(2) = . 23) functioning, whereas greater depressive symptoms were associated with poorer school (η(2) = . 06, p = . 05; Model R(2) = . 39) functioning.
Results of the sixth edition of the BioASQ Challenge

This paper presents the results of the sixth edition of the BioASQ challenge. The BioASQ challenge aims at the promotion of systems and methodologies through the organization of a challenge on two tasks: semantic indexing and question answering. In total, 26 teams with more than 90 systems participated in this year’s challenge. As in previous years, the best systems were able to outperform the strong baselines. This suggests that state-of-the-art systems are continuously improving, pushing the frontier of research.
Analyzing tennis game through sensor data with machine learning and multi-objective optimization

Wearable devices are heavily used in many sports. However, the existing sports wearables are either not tennis-specific, or are limited to information on shots. We therefore added tennis-specific information to a leading commercial device. Firstly, we developed a method for classifying shot types into forehand, backhand and serve. Secondly, we used multi-objective optimization to distinguish active play from the time in-between points. By combining both parts with the general movement information already provided by the device, we get comprehensive metrics for professional players and coaches to objectively measure a player's performance and enable in-depth tactical analysis.
Discussion of revalued financial, tangible, and intangible assets: Association with share prices and non-market-based value estimates

The focus of this discussion is on the possible effects of scale in regressions that have price (or value) per share as the dependent variable. My argument rests on the fact that this dependent variable may reflect no more than the choice by management of the number of shares outstanding. Management may change the per share magnitude of firm attributes by means of stock-splits, stock dividends and/or reverse stock-splits without changing the economic characteristics of the firm. It follows that statistically significant coefficient estimates in regressions of share price on balance sheet data and income statement data may be of a spurious effect of scale.
Predictors for Treatment Outcome of Binge Eating With Obesity: A Naturalistic Study

This study examines predictors of short-term treatment outcome for obese individuals with binge eating disorder (BED). A battery of assessment questionnaires was given to 212 patients on admission of a CBT day-treatment program for BED. Treatment outcome assessed by changes in eating disorder symptomatology was measured in 182 completers. Linear regression analyses indicated that a combination of variables at baseline predicted 26% of the variance in treatment outcome. High social embedding and higher scores on openness (NEO-PI-R) were significantly related to more improvement after treatment. Higher scores on depressive symptoms (BDI), agoraphobia (SCL-90) and extraversion (NEO-PI-R) were significantly related to less improvement. The analyses show that the level of social embedding and psychopathological comorbidity (state and trait) are predictors for treatment outcome. This study confirms the notion that social context and comorbidity need to be taken into account as described in treatment guidelines of NICE and APA for BED.
Carbon Emission and Economic Growth of SAARC Countries: A Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Analysis

This paper examines the causal relationship between carbon ( 2 CO ) emissions and economic growth in seven SAARC countries using time series data for the period from 1972-2012. We applied Vector Error Correction Modeling (VECM) approach. We have also applied Augmented DickeyFuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (P.P) test and Johansen’s cointegration approach to check time series properties and cointegration relationship of the variables. Results exhibit a cointegration relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth. Results also show that the estimated coefficients of 2 CO emissions have positive and significant impacts on GDP in the long run. These results will help the environmental authorities to understand the effects of economic growth on environment for degradation and manage the environmental problems using macroeconomic methods.
Reading Literacy within a Teacher Preparation Programme: What we Know and What we Should Know

Various South African and international studies indicate that the preparation of teachers to teach reading is inconsistent across universities worldwide. Teacher preparation programmes lack rigorous research-based findings as the grounding for their programme design. Recommendations of some studies point to the fact that evidence-based research should be incorporated to address this inconsistency. There is a need for a comprehensive curriculum to guide pre-service teachers toward a coherent knowledge base for the effective teaching of reading, as many teachers do not have an understanding of what to teach. The study on which we report analysed a teacher preparation programme with the aim of identifying which reading literacy components (that are embedded in knowledge of language structure) are included in the programme. The results show that the reading literacy components are included haphazardly within the teacher preparation programme and there is no evidence-based research included in the curriculum of the pre-service teachers.
Planned Changes in Accounting Principles for UK Life Insurance Companies: A Preliminary Investigation of Stock Market Impact

The Association of British Insurers' (ABI) proposals for an 'accruals' method would have the effect of 'front-loading' profits reported on life assurance business compared with the traditional 'statutory solvency' basis. The ABI argued that adoption of the method would lead to a more realistic valuation of life company shares. This research tests this view by investigating, by means of an event study, the stock market impacts of the announcements of the proposals and the initial releases of 'accruals' profits, utilising a recently developed methodology for allowing for the effect of industry and event date clustering. The results found here do not provide any evidence to substantiate the ABI's view, although they do indicate that, where companies signal a change in the allocation of results as between shareholders and policyholders, share prices do reflect the perceived change in shareholder wealth. Moreover, it is argued that the accruals method itself may be more appropriately seen as reflecting and enabling a more pervasive change in managerial approach, refocusing on adding value for shareholders rather than policyholders. Any improvement in share prices resulting from this development might therefore only be expected to be very gradual and hard to distinguish from the impact of other effects. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1998.
Use of transduction proteins to target trabecular meshwork cells: outflow modulation by profilin I.

PURPOSE Fusion proteins containing a protein transduction domain (PTD4) are able to cross biological membranes. We tested the applicability of the protein transduction method for study of the aqueous humor trabecular outflow pathway by targeting the actin cytoskeleton, which is known to be involved in outflow facility regulation. METHODS Expression vectors useful for generating fusion proteins with the PTD4 domain and the actin-binding protein Profilin I were constructed. The transductional and functional properties of these proteins were tested in bovine trabecular meshwork cells in culture. The effects of PTD4-Profilin I on outflow facility were evaluated in perfused bovine anterior segments. PTD4-beta-galactosidase was used to visually check correct delivery of fusion proteins to trabecular meshwork cells. RESULTS The fusion proteins generated were characterized by western blot. Immunocytochemistry experiments showed intracellular staining for PTD4-Profilin I in trabecular meshwork cells in culture. The fusion protein was found in the cytoplasm associated with actin filaments and in the leading edge of the cellular membrane. In contrast, control Profilin I, without the PTD4 domain, was unable to cross the cell membrane. In perfused anterior segments, 2 microM PTD4-Profilin I increased trabecular outflow facility in a reversible manner, while Profilin I had no significant effect. Anterior segments perfused with PTD4-beta-galactosidase showed positive staining in the trabecular meshwork tissue. CONCLUSIONS Protein transduction technology is a valuable tool for targeting trabecular meshwork tissue, not only for performing physiological studies, but also as a potential drug-delivery method. Profilin I action on the actin cytoskeleton further reinforces the importance of this structure in outflow facility regulation.