Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
System Combination for Machine Translation of Spoken and Written Language

This paper describes an approach for computing a consensus translation from the outputs of multiple machine translation (MT) systems. The consensus translation is computed by weighted majority voting on a confusion network, similarly to the well-established ROVER approach of Fiscus for combining speech recognition hypotheses. To create the confusion network, pairwise word alignments of the original MT hypotheses are learned using an enhanced statistical alignment algorithm that explicitly models word reordering. The context of a whole corpus of automatic translations rather than a single sentence is taken into account in order to achieve high alignment quality. The confusion network is rescored with a special language model, and the consensus translation is extracted as the best path. The proposed system combination approach was evaluated in the framework of the TC-STAR speech translation project. Up to six state-of-the-art statistical phrase-based translation systems from different project partners were combined in the experiments. Significant improvements in translation quality from Spanish to English and from English to Spanish in comparison with the best of the individual MT systems were achieved under official evaluation conditions.
Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA): regional response Bank TVET policy in the 1990s

This review covers 24 projects started or completed in the 1990s in SSA that include assistance for technical- vocational education and training (TVET). The review of Bank experience with TVET projects forms part of a larger review of TVET in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). The results are presented in two parts: the main report, and a companion set of five case studies. The review compares Regional support for TVET over the last decade with recommendations in the Bank's 1991 Policy Paper on TVET. The review is based on a desk study of Bank documents, complemented by staff interviews.
Cell-Free 59 kDa Immunoreactive Integrin-Linked Kinase

Purpose: We reported that the expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is up-regulated in ovarian carcinomas and that ovarian cancer cells have high expression of ILK. In this study, we have examined the expression of cell-free 59 kDa immunoreactive (ir)ILK in the serum and peritoneal fluid (PTF) of patients with ovarian cancer and evaluated its potential as a serum biomarker for early-stage screening and for monitoring clinical status of patients after chemotherapy treatment. Experimental Design: Thirty-six serum specimens, including normal (n = 6), benign (n = 6), borderline (n = 4), grade 1 (n = 5), grade 2 (n = 5), and grade 3 (n = 10), were evaluated for the expression of irILK by Western blotting. The expression of irILK was evaluated in PTF (n = 10) and peritoneal washings from women with benign ovarian cysts (n = 4). In addition, tissue-conditioned medium obtained from the cultures of primary ovarian tumors (n = 9) was examined for the presence of irILK. Finally, the potential of serum irILK as a biomarker for ovarian cancer screening was evaluated by comparison with cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) concentrations in cancer patients before and after chemotherapy. Results: irILK expression was present in normal serum and in serum of patients with benign ovarian tumors. irILK expression was 6–9-fold higher in the serum of patients with grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3 ovarian cancer than in the serum of healthy volunteers and patients with benign ovarian tumors (P < 0.01). Enhanced expression of irILK in the serum of ovarian cancer patients correlated with the concentration of CA 125. High expression of irILK was present in all 10 PTF tested. Tissue-conditioned medium prepared from malignant ovarian tumors had 4-fold more irILK expression than conditioned medium obtained from borderline and benign tumors (P < 0.01). irILK expression in serum of cancer patients was reduced to basal normal levels after six cycles of Taxol/carboplatin and was consistent with the change of CA 125 levels before and after chemotherapy. Conclusions: These data suggest that irILK is an ovarian tumor-associated antigen and implicates its potential not only as a biomarker for early-stage screening but also as a marker for monitoring the clinical condition of patients after treatment.
Decentralized Reputation Management for Cooperating Software Agents in Open Multi-Agent Systems

Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) promise a new advance in distributed computing. In MAS autonomous software agents flexibly cooperate, coordinate and compete to provide the desired function(s) of such a system. If some components of a MAS fail or do not provide the desired functionality, the system is expected to autonomously deal with this situation. It is desirable to reduce occurrences of such situations by selecting trustworthy cooperation partners before cooperating with them. This becomes even more crucial in open MAS in which arbitrary heterogeneous software agents participate. In order to monitor agent behavior and enable selection of trustworthy cooperation partners, trust management services can be applied. As there is no central control in an open MAS and it is completely distributed, these services itself have to be distributed. This paper proposes a fully distributed reputation management service for open MAS based on peer-to-peer technology.
EFFICIENT TRANSACTION REDUCTION IN ACTIONABLE PATTERN MINING FOR HIGH VOLUMINOUS DATASETS BASED ON BITMAP AND CLASS LABELS

Frequent pattern mining in databases plays an indispensable role in many data mining tasks namely, classification, clustering, and association rules analysis. When a large number of item sets are processed by the database, it needs to be scanned multiple times. Consecutively, multiple scanning of the database increases the number of rules generation, which then consume more system resources. Existing CCARM (Combined and Composite Association Rule Mining) algorithm used minimum support in order to generate combined actionable association rules, which in turn suffer from the large number of generating rules. Explosion of a large number of rules is the major problem in frequent pattern mining that adds difficult to find the interesting frequent patterns. This paper presents an efficient transaction reduction technique named TR-BC to mine the frequent pattern based on bitmap and class labels. The proposed approach reduces the rule generation by counting the item support and class support instead of only item support. Moreover, the database storage is compressed by using bitmap that significantly reduces the number of database scan. The rules are reduced by horizontal and vertical transaction and then finally combined rules are generated by eliminating the redundancy. Experimental results validate the performance of the proposed approach and expose that proposed method is more effective and efficient than previously proposed algorithm. Index terms - bitmap, item support, database scan, class support, class labels, database transaction, and combined rules.
Automatic Speech Recognition: A Review

paper attempts to describe a literature review of Automatic Speech Recognition. It discusses past years advances made so as to provide progress that has been accomplished in this area of research. One of the important challenges for researchers is ASR accuracy. The Speech recognition System focuses on difficulties with ASR, basic building blocks of speech processing, feature extraction, speech recognition and performance evaluation. The main objective of the review paper is to bring to light the progress made for ASRs of different languages and the technological viewpoint of ASR in different countries and to compare and contrast the techniques used in various stages of Speech recognition and identify research topic in this challenging field. We are not presenting exhaustive descriptions of systems or mathematical formulations but rather, we are presenting distinctive and novel features of selected systems and their relative merits and demerits.
Improving distributional thesauri by exploring the graph of neighbors

In this paper, we address the issue of building and improving a distributional thesaurus. We first show that existing tools from the information retrieval domain can be directly used in order to build a thesaurus with state-of-the-art performance. Secondly, we focus more specifically on improving the obtained thesaurus, seen as a graph of k-nearest neighbors. By exploiting information about the neighborhood contained in this graph, we propose several contributions. 1) We show how the lists of neighbors can be globally improved by examining the reciprocity of the neighboring relation, that is, the fact that a word can be close of another and vice-versa. 2) We also propose a method to associate a confidence score to any lists of nearest neighbors (i.e. any entry of the thesaurus). 3) Last, we demonstrate how these confidence scores can be used to reorder the closest neighbors of a word. These different contributions are validated through experiments and offer significant improvement over the state-of-the-art.
An ontology based personal exposure history

Health monitoring and disease surveillance systems can benefit from the integration of multiple data sources and semantic web technologies. The development and management of exposure histories is one particular area that requires integration of data from multiple sources. Exposure histories capture the spatial and temporal dimensions of possible disease exposure events and convey the dynamic factors within individuals' environments. Data sources for an exposure history might include numerous governmental, institutional and community records which document people's relationships with various locations. Existing monitoring networks and new wireless sensor networks also provide data on toxic agents in the environment. This paper describes the development of an ontology for a personal exposure history (PEH) that specifies explicit relationships between persons and locations and locations and putative environmental toxic agents. These relationships provide a foundation for making inferences about person to putative toxic exposure relationships. The PEH ontology defines a framework of concepts and relationships on which to integrate data from heterogeneous sources. The ontology does not capture a complete exposure profile as yet, but represents key spatial and temporal concepts and demonstrates how these can be queried using current semantic web technologies.
1 Kinetically Constrained Models

In this chapter we summarize recent developments in the study of kinetically constrained models (KCMs) as models for glass formers. After recalling the definition of the KCMs which we cover we study the possible occurrence of ergodicity breaking transitions and discuss in some detail how, before any such transition occurs, relaxation timescales depend on the relevant control parameter (density or temperature). Then we turn to the main issue: the prediction of KCMs for dynamical heterogeneities. We focus in particular on multipoint correlation functions and susceptibilities, and decoupling in the transport coefficients. Finally we discuss the recent view of KCMs as being at first order coexistence between an active and an inactive space-time phase.
Simple theoretical tools for low dimension Bose gases

We first consider an exactly solvable classical field model to understand the coherence properties and the density fluctuations of a one-dimensional (1D) weakly interacting degenerate Bose gas with repulsive interactions at temperatures larger than the chemical potential. In a second part, using a lattice model for the quantum field, we explain how to carefully generalize the usual Bogoliubov approach to study a degenerate and weakly interacting Bose gas in 1D, 2D or 3D in the regime of weak density fluctuations. In the last part, using the mapping to an ideal Fermi gas in second quantized formalism, we calculate and discuss physically the density fluctuations and the coherence properties of a gas of impenetrable bosons in 1D.
Energy-delay efficient filter cache hierarchy using pattern prediction scheme

Filter cache (FC) is an auxiliary cache much smaller than the main cache. The FC is closest in hierarchy to the instruction fetch unit and it must be small in size to achieve energy-efficient realisations. A pattern prediction scheme is adapted to maximise energy savings in the FC hierarchy. The pattern prediction mechanism proposed relies on the spatial hit or miss pattern of the instruction access stream over previous FC line accesses. Unlike existing techniques, which make predominantly incorrect hit predictions, the proposed approach aims to minimise this, thereby reducing the performance and power penalties associated with it. Simulation results on an extensive set of multimedia benchmarks are presented as proof of its efficacy. The prediction technique results in energy-delay savings of up to 6.8% over the NFPT predictor, which has been proposed in the past as the preferred prediction scheme for FC structures. Investigations conclusively demonstrate that the performance of the proposed prediction scheme is comparable with and in most cases better than that based on NFPT. Unlike NFPT, the new proposed prediction technique lends well for VLSI efficient implementation, making it the preferred choice for energy aware implementations.
Ranking documents with query and topic sensitivity

In this work, we discuss both Query-Sensitive and Topic-Sentive Ranking algorithm, called Topic-Driven PageRank (TDPR), to inquire general documents based on a notion of importance. The main idea is that we extract knowledge from training data for multiple classification and build characteristic feature for each topic. By this approach, we get documents reflecting queries and topics within so that we can improve query results and to avoid topic-drift problems.
Secure Online Scientific Visualization of Atmospheric Nucleation Processes

With the fast increases in the size of the scientific data, the visualization technique has been widely adopted to transform the information into an easy-to-understand representation. Since the security clearance and access rights of the end users may vary greatly in a scientic visualization system, the security mechanisms must be properly designed and deployed. In this paper, we present a key management and update approach for online visualization of atmospheric nucleation. The users are divided into multiple groups and the personal secrets are determined by combining the user identities and polynomials. The personal secrets support both user authentication and visualization result encryption. We also describe the stateless key update mechanism. The proposed approach has been integrated with our visualization system and tested with real scientific data.
Multi-vehicle localisation with additive compressed factor graphs

This paper introduces a distributed and decentralised method to solve the cooperative localisation problem utilising the factor graph framework. This method enables vehicles to create compact packets of their own sensor information between their involvement in intervehicle measurements. The packets are limited in size, with this size dependent on the size of the state space alone. The number of packets generated is also limited at two packets (one per vehicle) created per intervehicle measurement. The packets and measurements can be shared and propagated to all vehicles not just direct neighbours or to vehicles involved in the measurements. Vehicles maintain a local solver that incorporates all local sensor information and motion updates in full nonlinear form and includes the fixed linearised packets from other vehicles. This local solver is able to update local state variables and relinearise local and intervehicle factors but has to hold remote state variables and packet data at a fixed linearisation point. We show the estimated solution is of a similar quality to a state of the art centralised relinearising estimator iSAM2 and superior to a fixed linearisation filtering solution via comparing RMS error in position estimation in simulation. Consistency of the method is also shown via the NEES metric. Communication requirements for each of the competing methods are shown, with compaction of packets being more useful the larger the ratio between intervehicle and local measurement intervals. The technique is validated using multi-vehicle simulation and real datasets.
Natural Language Processing based on Semantic inferentialism for extracting crime information from text

This article describes an architecture for Information Extraction systems on the web, based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) and especially geared toward the exploration of information about crime. The main feature of the architecture is its NLP module, which is based on the Semantic Inferential Model. We demonstrate the feasibility of the architecture through the implementation thereof to provide input for a collaborative web-based system of registering crimes called WikiCrimes.
Link-aware geographic routing in WSN

Traditional greedy geographic routing usually selects the neighbor node which distance to the destination node is nearest as the next hop node. This routing algorithm to find the minimum hop may choose low-quality data transmission link, resulting in lower packet delivery ratio and the reliability of data transmission worse. To solve this problem, summing up the existing geographic routing based on link quality measurement, and then a kind of geographic routing based on EWMA is proposed. In the algorithm, nodes use periodic broadcast package to evaluate link quality with its neighbor nodes, and to exchange geographic information. Forwarding node selects the neighbor node which to destination node closer and the link quality better as the next hop node. It effectively reduces data packet loss and improves the reliability of data transmission.
Impact of the Controlled Release of a Connexin 43 Peptide on Corneal Wound Closure in an STZ Model of Type I Diabetes

The alpha-carboxy terminus 1 (αCT1) peptide is a synthetically produced mimetic modified from the DDLEI C-terminus sequence of connexin 43 (Cx43). Previous research using various wound healing models have found promising therapeutic effects when applying the drug, resulting in increased wound healing rates and reduced scarring. Previous data suggested a rapid metabolism rate in vitro, creating an interest in long term release. Using a streptozotocin (STZ) type I diabetic rat model with a surgically induced corneal injury, we delivered αCT1 both directly, in a pluronic gel solution, and in a sustained system, using polymeric alginate-poly-l-ornithine (A-PLO) microcapsules (MC). Fluorescent staining of wound area over a 5 day period indicated a significant increase in wound closure rates for both αCT1 and αCT1 MC treated groups, withαCT1 MC groups showing the most rapid wound closure overall. Analysis of inflammatory reaction to the treatment groups indicated significantly lower levels of both Interferon Inducible T-Cell Alpha Chemoattractant (ITAC) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα) markers using confocal quantification and ELISA assays. Additional analysis examining genes selected from the EMT pathway using RT-PCR and Western blotting suggested αCT1 modification of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 (TGFβ2), Keratin 8 (Krt8), Estrogen Receptor 1 (Esr1), and Glucose Transporter 4 (Glut4) over a 14 day period. Combined, this data indicated a possible suppression of the inflammatory response by αCT1, leading to increased wound healing rates.
Effect of Zolpidem on Miniature IPSCs and Occupancy of Postsynaptic GABAA Receptors in Central Synapses

GABAA-mediated miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) were recorded from layer V pyramidal neurons of the visual cortex using whole-cell patch-clamp recording in rat brain slices. At room temperature, the benzodiazepine site agonist zolpidem enhanced both the amplitude (to 138 ± 26% of control value at 10 μm) and the duration (163 ± 14%) of mIPSCs. The enhancement of mIPSC amplitude was not caused by an increase of the single-channel conductance of the postsynaptic receptors, as determined by peak-scaled non-stationary fluctuation analysis of mIPSCs. The effect of zolpidem on fast, synaptic-like (1 msec duration) applications of GABA to outside-out patches was also investigated. The EC50 for fast GABA applications was 310 μm. In patches, zolpidem enhanced the amplitude of currents elicited by subsaturating GABA applications (100–300 μm) but not by saturating applications (10 mm). The increase of mIPSC amplitude by zolpidem provides evidence that the GABAA receptors are not saturated during miniature synaptic transmission in the recorded cells. By comparing the facilitation induced by 1 μm zolpidem on outside-out patches and mIPSCs, we estimated the concentration of GABA seen by the postsynaptic GABAA receptors to be ∼300 μm after single vesicle release. We have estimated a similar degree of receptor occupancy at room and physiological temperature. However, at 35°C, zolpidem did not enhance the amplitude of mIPSCs or of subsaturating GABA applications on patches, implying that, in these neurons, zolpidem cannot be used to probe the degree of receptor occupancy at physiological temperature.
Chewing up the wood-wide web : selective grazing on ectomycorrhizal fungi by collembola

The mycelia of some symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi form extensive networks—the so called "wood-wide web"—that have key roles in biogeochemical cycling. By interacting with myriad soil organisms such as collembola, the fungi directly affect the functioning of above- and below-ground multitrophic interactions in ecosystems. Here we tested whether the grazing activities of collembola affected the growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi in single or mixed species axenic cultures, and their impact on ectomycorrhizal diversity in litterbags in the field. We also used 14 CO2 pulse-labelling to test the effects of collembola on respiratory losses of recent plant assimilate from external mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi in symbiosis with Scots pine or birch. We found that the effects of collembola varied across species, and caused a significant reduction in the amount of 14 CO2 released from external mycorrhizal mycelium from three of the eight species combinations but increased it in one. Selective grazing also significantly affected the community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Our findings demonstrate the importance of collembola in regulating ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity and activity and below-ground pathways of carbon flow.
Sodium glucose transporter‐2 inhibition has no renoprotective effects on non‐diabetic chronic kidney disease

Sodium glucose transporter (SGLT)‐2 inhibition has renoprotective effects in diabetic kidney disease. Whether similar effects can be achieved also in non‐diabetic kidney disease is speculative. Chronic kidney disease was induced in C57BL/6N mice by feeding an oxalate‐rich diet for 14 days, known to induce nephrocalcinosis‐related tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis without directly affecting the glomerular compartment. Empagliflozin treatment started from day 0 of oxalate feeding had no effect on the decline of glomerular filtration rate, crystal deposition, blood urea nitrogen or serum creatinine levels on day 7 and 14. Tissue morphometry of tubular injury and kidney mRNA levels of kidney injury molecule‐1 or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐2 were comparable between empagliflozin‐ and vehicle‐treated mice with oxalate nephropathy on day 7 and 14. Similarly, empagliflozin did not affect markers of interstitial fibrosis, including silver, alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and collagen 1 staining, and mRNA levels of fibronectin‐1, collagen 1α1, fibroblast‐specific protein‐1, and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β2 on day 7 and 14. Thus, the specific renoprotective mechanisms‐of‐action of SGLT2 inhibition in diabetic kidney disease do not apply to chronic oxalosis, a non‐diabetic form of chronic kidney disease.