Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diverging dividends, diverging futures: Nativity, citizenship status, legal status, and the non-housing asset accumulation of Latinos

Holding assets other than a primary residence are important for surviving economic downturns and providing opportunities for wealth creation. However, prior research shows that US Latinos are unlikely to own assets aside from a home; when they do, they have relatively little non-housing wealth. This study uses Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey data to examine variation in ownership of bank accounts, retirement accounts, and the value of non-housing assets among four Latino groups: the US-born, naturalized citizens, authorized non-citizens, and unauthorized non-citizens. All four groups display relatively low levels of asset ownership and value. However, multivariate results reveal that only unauthorized immigrants are persistently disadvantaged in non-asset ownership and value, net of socio-demographic and migration-related characteristics. These results have implications for prominent theoretical perspectives of immigrant mobility and contribute to scholarship identifying legal status as a significant form of stratification in the United States.
Lineage selection leads to evolvability at large population sizes

The biological machinery of evolution can itself be subject to natural selection. Several mechanisms have been proposed through which this can happen. Here we argue that one of these—lineage selection—becomes a strong selective force when the time scale of fixation in the population is comparable to the time scale of adaptation. This implies that lineage selection will be enhanced by anything that slows down fixation; in particular, we expect its effects to be strong when populations are very large and when spatial diffusion is limited. To demonstrate this we construct a simple model of a spatially structured population evolving on a fixed, but infinite, fitness landscape. This landscape consists of a smooth, evolvable path surrounded by rugged local peaks. Our model exhibits an extremely strong dependence on population size: as its size is increased the population evolves along the smooth path, avoiding local peaks, for exponentially longer times. These results suggest that selection for evolvability mig.
Modelling Sentence Pairs with Tree-structured Attentive Encoder

We describe an attentive encoder that combines tree-structured recursive neural networks and sequential recurrent neural networks for modelling sentence pairs. Since existing attentive models exert attention on the sequential structure, we propose a way to incorporate attention into the tree topology. Specially, given a pair of sentences, our attentive encoder uses the representation of one sentence, which generated via an RNN, to guide the structural encoding of the other sentence on the dependency parse tree. We evaluate the proposed attentive encoder on three tasks: semantic similarity, paraphrase identification and true-false question selection. Experimental results show that our encoder outperforms all baselines and achieves state-of-the-art results on two tasks.
Intakes of dietary iron and heme-iron and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study.

BACKGROUND Intakes of dietary iron and, in particular, heme iron may increase breast cancer risk because of the prooxidant properties of iron. However, few studies have examined the association of iron and heme-iron intakes with breast cancer risk. OBJECTIVE We assessed the association of intakes of dietary iron and heme iron with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. DESIGN We used data from the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study to assess intakes of total dietary iron, iron from meat, iron from red meat, and heme iron in relation to breast cancer risk in 116,674 postmenopausal women who completed a detailed questionnaire regarding meat preparation methods and degrees of doneness. During 6.5 y of follow-up, 3396 cases of invasive breast cancer were identified. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, HRs for the highest compared with the lowest quintiles of intakes of total iron, iron from meat, iron from red meat, and heme iron were all close to unity, and there were no increasing trends with increasing intakes. The multivariable-adjusted HR for the highest compared with the lowest quintile of heme-iron intake was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.14; P for trend = 0.97). In addition, no associations were seen when iron variables were stratified by possible effect modifiers or hormone receptor status. CONCLUSION The results of this large cohort study do not support an association between iron or heme-iron intakes and postmenopausal breast cancer.
Simultaneous Communication of Data and State

We consider the problem of transmitting data at rate R over a state dependent channel p(y\x,s) with the state information available at the sender and at the same time conveying the information about the channel state itself to the receiver. The amount of state information that can be learned at the receiver is captured by the mutual information I(Sn;Yn) between the state sequence Sn and the channel output Yn. The optimal tradeoff is characterized between the information transmission rate R and the state uncertainty reduction rate Delta, when the state information is either causally or noncausally available at the sender. This result is closely related and in a sense dual to a recent study by Merhav and Shamai, which solves the problem of masking the state information from the receiver rather than conveying it.
The manifestation of empathy within design: findings from a service-learning course

Abstract The emergence of human-centred design strategies has directed attention to the role of empathy within design. While research on co-design acknowledges the potentially improved outcomes of using an empathic design approach, a comprehensive analysis on how empathy functions throughout the design process has been minimally explored in this literature. In this study, we analysed a series of design review videos depicting students’ design procedures within a service-learning course. These student designers were tasked to design a universally accessible zip-line and access ramp along with associated features. Our objective was to explore how empathy functioned throughout the development of the students’ final design solutions, which included a zip-line access point, ramp and cheering platform. To guide our depiction of these empathic design pathways, we relied on a set of pre-established empathic design techniques utilised by student designers. We provide a visual summary of student designers’ empathic design techniques, the interrelation of these techniques, along with implications for how design educators might effectively embed empathy throughout design curricula.
A Computer-Assistant Color Planning Tool for Virtual Agent Based on Personality Impression and Color Harmony

The color-planning problem of agents involved complex factor including desired personality, color harmony, and user preference. A color planning tool based on interactive genetic algorithm was developed to solve the problem and help users to design the color appearance of agents. The results showed that the problem involved in color planning of agents was well resolved using the tool.
General Practitioners’ Experiences of, and Responses to, Uncertainty in Prostate Cancer Screening: Insights from a Qualitative Study

Background Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing for prostate cancer is controversial. There are unresolved tensions and disagreements amongst experts, and clinical guidelines conflict. This both reflects and generates significant uncertainty about the appropriateness of screening. Little is known about general practitioners’ (GPs’) perspectives and experiences in relation to PSA testing of asymptomatic men. In this paper we asked the following questions: (1) What are the primary sources of uncertainty as described by GPs in the context of PSA testing? (2) How do GPs experience and respond to different sources of uncertainty? Methods This was a qualitative study that explored general practitioners’ current approaches to, and reasoning about, PSA testing of asymptomatic men. We draw on accounts generated from interviews with 69 general practitioners located in Australia (n = 40) and the United Kingdom (n = 29). The interviews were conducted in 2013–2014. Data were analysed using grounded theory methods. Uncertainty in PSA testing was identified as a core issue. Findings Australian GPs reported experiencing substantially more uncertainty than UK GPs. This seemed partly explainable by notable differences in conditions of practice between the two countries. Using Han et al’s taxonomy of uncertainty as an initial framework, we first outline the different sources of uncertainty GPs (mostly Australian) described encountering in relation to prostate cancer screening and what the uncertainty was about. We then suggest an extension to Han et al’s taxonomy based on our analysis of data relating to the varied ways that GPs manage uncertainties in the context of PSA testing. We outline three broad strategies: (1) taking charge of uncertainty; (2) engaging others in managing uncertainty; and (3) transferring the responsibility for reducing or managing some uncertainties to other parties. Conclusion Our analysis suggests some GPs experienced uncertainties associated with ambiguous guidance and the complexities of their situation as professionals with responsibilities to patients as considerably burdensome. This raises important questions about responsibility for uncertainty. In Australia in particular they feel insufficiently supported by the health care system to practice in ways that are recognisably consistent with ‘evidence based’ professional standards and appropriate for patients. More work is needed to clarify under what circumstances and how uncertainty should be communicated. Closer attention to different types and aspects of the uncertainty construct could be useful.
Practical GPU and Voxel-Based Indirect Illumination for Real Time Computer Games

Indirect illumination techniques greatly improve the realism of computer generated 3D scenes. However, most of these techniques are used offline and rely on pre-baked solutions which do not support dynamic updates. There are some real time solutions but usually the degree of realism that they achieve is not convincing enough. We present a real time solution based on a voxel representation of the scene generated from the mesh representation paired with an approximate voxel cone tracing technique which achieves good visual results and interactive frame rates. We also present an integration of this solution into a custom game engine to demonstrate the usage viability of the method in real world scenarios.
The flavor of the composite pseudo-goldstone Higgs

We study the flavor structure of 5D warped models that provide a dual description of a composite pseudo-Goldstone Higgs. We first carefully re-examine the flavor constraints on the mass scale of new physics in the standard Randall-Sundrum-type scenarios, and find that the KK gluon mass should generically be heavier than about 21 TeV. We then compare the flavor structure of the composite Higgs models to those in the RS model. We find new contributions to flavor violation, which while still are suppressed by the RS-GIM mechanism, will enhance the amplitudes of flavor violations. In particular, there is a kinetic mixing term among the SM fields which (although parametrically not enhanced) will make the flavor bounds even more stringent than in RS. This together with the fact that in the pseudo-Goldstone scenario Yukawa couplings are set by a gauge coupling implies the KK gluon mass to be at least about 33 TeV. For both the RS and the composite Higgs models the flavor bounds could be stronger or weaker depending on the assumption on the value of the gluon boundary kinetic term. These strong bounds seem to imply that the fully anarchic approach to flavor in warped extra dimensions is implausible, and there have to be at least some partial flavor symmetries appearing that eliminate part of the sources for flavor violation. We also present complete expressions for the radiatively generated Higgs potential of various 5D implementations of the composite Higgs model, and comment on the 1–5 percent level tuning needed in the top sector to achieve a phenomenologically acceptable vacuum state.
Properties of galaxy haloes in clusters and voids

We use the results of a high-resolution N -body simulation to investigate the role of the environment on the formation and evolution of galaxy-sized haloes. Starting from a set of constrained initial conditions, we have produced a final configuration hosting a double cluster in one octant and a large void extending over two octants of the simulation box. In this paper we concentrate on gravitationally bound galaxy-sized haloes extracted from these two regions and from a third region hosting a single, relaxed cluster without substructure. Exploiting the high mass resolution of our simulation (m body =2.1×109 h -1 Msolar ), we construct halo samples probing more than two decades in mass, starting from a rather small mass threshold: 5×1010 h -1 Msolar =34.2r 0 , where r 0 is the core radius of the TIS solution). We do, however, find a dependence of this relationship on the environment, like for the P (lambda ) statistics. These facts hint at a possible role of tidal fields in determining the statistical properties of haloes.
Fast vertical-pose-invariant face recognition module for intelligent robot guard

Based on a semi-3D cuboid face model, this paper proposes a simple but practical preprocessing method to recover the vertical pose variation for the face recognition module of the intelligent robot guard. The proposed Fast Semi-3D Vertical Pose Recovery method evaluates the angle of the vertical pose variation simply from a single 2D image view and thereby recovers the vertical-rotated face to the nearly frontal view. Consequently, the recovered face image can be identified by the original face recognition module more precisely and effectively. In the experiment, this paper adopts Gabor Wavelet transform as the feature extraction core of the original face recognition module. Experimental results show the proposed method can significantly raise both recognition accuracy and recognition confidence of the face recognition module under various vertical pose conditions.
Bootstrap statistical tests of rank determination for system identification

Identification of multivariate state-space models involves the specification of the dimension of the state vector. This note evaluates the performance of some asymptotic statistical tests of rank determination together with their bootstrapped versions against information criteria (IC) methods. Results show that certain bootstrapped procedures improve upon the performance of the corresponding asymptotic tests, and statistical tests have in general a better performance than IC methods.
Time Horizon of Investments in the Resource Allocation Process

Corporate investment inherently relies on time horizon, as profits result from acquiring assets or developing capabilities that yield future benefits that exceed upfront costs. Despite the importance of time horizon to understanding resource allocation, knowledge about the subject has accumulated slowly. Our review therefore encompasses insights from several research streams that partially address the subject even though time horizon is not the central construct in any of them. We aim to clarify key constructs related to time horizon, organize prior research about the antecedents of time horizon, explain the implications of several theoretical traditions for time horizon, and detail the range of measures that have been used to capture time horizon empirically. By focusing narrowly on this topic but searching broadly for references, we provide integrative summaries of existing research and identify opportunities for new and unique research.
A prospective study of suicidal ideation in posttraumatic stress disorder: the role of perceptions of defeat and entrapment.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to provide the first prospective test of the ability of defeat and entrapment to predict suicidal ideation in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after controlling for the effects of PTSD severity, comorbid depressive symptoms, and hopelessness on suicidal ideation. METHODS Participants were 52 individuals diagnosed with PTSD. Baseline and follow-up assessments were 13 to 15 months apart. Defeat and entrapment were conceptualized and analyzed as a unique construct (defeat/entrapment) in this study. Multiple regression analysis was applied to examine the predictive effects of defeat/entrapment on suicidal ideation. RESULTS Defeat/entrapment scores predicted changes in the levels of suicidal ideation at follow-up while controlling for baseline suicidal ideation, PTSD severity, comorbid depressive symptoms, and hopelessness. CONCLUSIONS These outcomes provide support to contemporary models of suicidality that suggest that defeat/entrapment is a strong predictor of suicidality in PTSD.
Matched Filtering for Heart Rate Estimation on Compressive Sensing ECG Measurements

Objective: Compressive sensing (CS) has recently been applied as a low-complexity compression framework for long-term monitoring of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals using wireless body sensor networks. Long-term recording of ECG signals can be useful for diagnostic purposes and to monitor the evolution of several widespread diseases. In particular, beat-to-beat intervals provide important clinical information, and these can be derived from the ECG signal by computing the distance between QRS complexes (R-peaks). Numerous methods for R-peak detection are available for uncompressed ECG. However, in the case of compressed sensed data, signal reconstruction can be performed with relatively complex optimization algorithms, which may require significant energy consumption. This paper addresses the problem of heart rate estimation from CS ECG recordings, avoiding the reconstruction of the entire signal. Methods: We consider a framework, where the ECG signals are represented under the form of CS linear measurements. The QRS locations are estimated in the compressed domain by computing the correlation of the compressed ECG and a known QRS template. Results: Experiments on actual ECG signals show that our novel solution is competitive with methods applied to the reconstructed signals. Conclusion: Avoiding the reconstruction procedure, the proposed method proves to be very convenient for real-time low-power applications.
Rapid change in shallow water fish species composition in an historically stable Antarctic environment

Abstract McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, is home to a unique marine biota with an ecology that has evolved in this frigid environment over millions of years. The region is one of the least disturbed, and possibly the last pristine, marine ecosystem on Earth. Here, the results of three seasons of fishing in the shallow nearshore waters of McMurdo Sound are reported. A shift in the composition of small fish species at one site, Inaccessible Island, has been observed in just five years. The shift in shallow water species composition occurred during a period that followed the maturation of a commercial fishery for the Antarctic toothfish, Dissostichus mawsoni Norman, a predator of smaller fish, and the presence of a large iceberg, termed B-15, at the mouth of McMurdo Sound during the early 2000s that trapped the annual sea ice in the area leading to the unusual accrual of multi-year sea ice. The data presented here provide a current record of species composition and physiological condition of small, shallow water fishes at three sites in McMurdo Sound, providing a current baseline for the assessment of future changes wrought by environmental changes and unprecedented fishery pressures in the Ross Sea.
A Reusable Platform for Building Sovereign Information Sharing Applications

Sovereign information sharing allows autonomous organizations to compute queries across databases in such a manner that nothing but the result is revealed. We present the design of a platform that can be used for building sovereign information sharing applications efficiently and quickly. In addition to the core protocols, the platform incorporates components for resource discovery, schema mapping, authentication, and hardwareassisted performance enhancement. We also describe a national security application we have built using this platform that shows the practicality of sovereign information sharing in virtual organizations.
Finite Field Arithmetic

11.1 Prime fields of odd characteristic 201 Representations and reductions • Multiplication • Inversion and division • Exponentiation • Squares and square roots 11.2 Finite fields of characteristic 2 213 Representation • Multiplication • Squaring • Inversion and division • Exponentiation • Square roots and quadratic equations 11.3 Optimal extension fields 229 Introduction • Multiplication • Exponentiation • Inversion • Squares and square roots • Specific improvements for degrees 3 and 5
Episodes of falling among elderly people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of social and demographic pre-disposing characteristics

CONTEXT: The multifactorial nature of falls among elderly people is well-known. Identifying the social-demographic characteristics of elderly people who fall would enable us to define the typical profile of the elderly who are at risk of falling. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to isolate studies in which the social-demographic risk factors for falls among the elderly have been evaluated and to carry out a meta-analysis by combining the results of all of these selected studies. METHOD: We did a systematic literature review using the key words "accidental fall / numerical data" and "risk factors. ” Inclusion criteria entailed the selection of articles with the following characteristics: population of subjects aged 60 years or over, falls that took place in everyday life, and social-demographic risk factors for falls. RESULTS: 3,747 indexed articles published between 1981 and 2007 were identified, and 177 studies with available data were included, of which 129 had data on social-demographic risk factors for falls. Difficulties in activities of daily living (ADL) or in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) double the risk of falling: The OR and 95% Cl were 2.26 (2.09, 2.45) for disturbance ADL and 2.10 (1.68, 2.64) for IADL. The OR and 95% Cl for Caucasians were 1.68 (0.98 - 2.88) and 0.64 (0.51 - 0.80) for Hispanics. In the subgroup of patients older than eighty, being married protected people from falling with an OR and 95% Cl = 0.68 (0.53 - 0.87). CONCLUSION: Defining factors that create a risk of falling and protect elderly people from falls using social-demographic characteristics lets us focus on an “at risk” population for which a specific program could be developed.