Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diet, lung function, and lung function decline in a cohort of 2512 middle aged men

BACKGROUND A prospective cohort study of 2512 Welshmen aged 45–59 living in Caerphilly in 1979–1983 was used to investigate associations between diet and lung function. METHODS At baseline (phase I) and at five year follow up (phase II), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was measured using a McDermott spirometer and dietary data were obtained using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Good lung function, indicated by high maximum FEV1 given age and height, was associated with high intakes of vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene, citrus fruit, apples, and the frequent consumption of fruit juices/squashes. Lung function was inversely associated with magnesium intake but there was no evidence of an association with fatty fish. Following adjustment for confounders including body mass index, smoking history, social class, exercise, and total energy intake, only the associations with vitamin E and apples persisted, with lung function estimated to be 39 ml (95% confidence interval (CI) 9 to 69) higher for vitamin E intakes one standard deviation (SD) apart and 138 ml higher (95% CI 58 to 218) for those eating five or more apples per week compared with non-consumers. Decline in lung function between phases was not significantly associated with the changing intakes of apples or vitamin E. An association between high average apple consumption and slow decline in lung function lost significance after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSIONS A strong positive association is seen between lung function and the number of apples eaten per week cross sectionally, consistent with a protective effect of hard fruit rather than soft/citrus fruit. The recent suggestion that such effects are reversible was not supported by our longitudinal analysis.
A scalable framework for protecting user identity and access pattern in untrusted Web server using forward secrecy, public key encryption and bloom filter

Securing user identity from data breach in a web server is one of the major concerns for the users of the web applications. Similarly, protecting user access pattern from unauthorized access should be taken seriously, because the potential threats such attacks may pose, are huge. However, these security measures should not be adopted at the expense of user experience and convenience. Nevertheless, any extra overhead in the form of security measures introduced in a distributed system results in significant performance declination. The target of a secured framework for a distributed system like web application should be a reasonable trade‐off between security and user experience. Thus, in this work, we present a framework that ensures security for the user identity along with keeping the online activities of the users anonymous while ensuring scalability of the system. Our framework is designed in a scalable form that can work with other distributed architectures that provide security to user data and identities. To ensure all these measures, our proposal includes the implementation of Forward Secrecy using Diffie‐Hellman Key exchange protocol where the server cannot remember a user's history after a session ends. In addition, we present our own mechanism to hide logical data sharing strategies to protect users against selective DoS attacks. Moreover, we implemented a modified version of bloom filter to safeguard user access pattern in a compromised server. Our proposed implementation of bloom filter also ensures that the scalability of distributed system is preserved even with little infrequent overhead in the server because of security measures proposed in this work. Finally, we implemented different modules of our framework using both Web Socket and Long Polling transport protocols and recorded the time required to perform various tasks. Web socket protocol took less time to perform each task than the long polling protocol, which is convincing enough to suggest that web socket performs better than long polling in the given scenarios. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anthocyanins from fruit juices improve the antioxidant status of healthy young female volunteers without affecting anti-inflammatory parameters: results from the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over ANTHONIA (ANTHOcyanins in Nutrition Investigation Alliance) study

Anthocyanins (ACN) can exert beneficial health effects not only through their antioxidative potential but also through modulation of inflammatory parameters that play a major role in CVD. A randomised cross-over study was carried out to investigate the effects of ACN-rich beverage ingestion on oxidation- and inflammation-related parameters in thirty healthy female volunteers. The participants consumed 330 ml of beverages (placebo, juice and smoothie with 8·9 (sd 0·3), 983·7 (sd 37) and 840·9 (sd 10) mg/l ACN, respectively) over 14 d. Before and after each intervention, blood and 24 h urine samples were collected. Plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities increased significantly after ACN-rich beverage ingestion (P< 0·001), whereas after placebo juice ingestion no increase could be observed. Plasma glutathione peroxidase and erythrocyte SOD activities were not affected. An increase in Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity could also be observed after juice (P< 0·001) and smoothie (P< 0·01) ingestion. The plasma and urinary concentrations of malondialdehyde decreased after ACN-rich beverage ingestion (P< 0·001), whereas those of 8-OH-2-deoxyguanosine as well as inflammation-related parameters (IL-2, -6, -8 and -10, C-reactive peptide, soluble cluster of differentiation 40 ligand, TNF-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and soluble cell adhesion molecules) were not affected. Thus, ingestion of ACN-rich beverages improves antioxidant enzyme activities and plasma antioxidant capacity, thus protecting the body against oxidative stress, a hallmark of ongoing atherosclerosis.
A Risk Management Model for Project Execution

Risk management is becoming a key factor within organizations since it ensures a successful execution of projects. In an organization life cycle, there is simply no way to guarantee a completely risk free workplace. Moreover, information is essential to efficient and effective business processes and it is a critical success factor for a competitive market position. Due to this fact, information flows and process structure must be managed carefully to reduce risks that might face the progress of projects. This research aims to present a conceptual framework of the risk management process cycle. An articulate model of risk is developed based on a thorough analysis of various models presented in the literature. The main emphasis is on developing phases such as scrutiny, verifying, planning of experiments, and risk education across the risk management process cycle. This should improve the implementation of risk management processes.
Dialética do Concreto

A autora Leonice Matilde Richter, escreveu esta resenha baseada no livro "Dialética do Concreto", do autor Karel Kosik. Referência: RICHTER, Leonice Matilde. Clássico Marxista: “Dialética do concreto”. Revista Educação e Políticas em Debate, Uberlândia, v. 1, n.1, p. 236-248, 2012. [Seção] Resenha. Resenha da obra de: KOSIK, kAREL. Dialética do concreto. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 2010. Disponível em: http://www.seer. ufu.br/index.php/revistaeducaopoliticas/article/view/17383
A cognitive-science based programme to enhance study efficacy in a high and low risk setting

In three experiments, learning performance in a 6- or 7-week cognitive-science based computer-study programme was compared to equal time spent self-studying on paper. The first two experiments were conducted with grade 6 and 7 children in a high risk educational setting, the third with Columbia University undergraduates. The principles the programme implemented included (1) deep, meaningful, elaborative, multimodal processing, (2) transfer-appropriate processing, (3) self-generation and multiple testing of responses, and (4) spaced practice. The programme was also designed to thwart metacognitive illusions that would otherwise lead to inappropriate study patterns. All three experiments showed a distinct advantage in final test performance for the cognitive-science based programme, but this advantage was particularly prominent in the children.
Risk factors for cryptogenic ischaemic stroke

This case–control study was designed to identify risk factors for cryptogenic brain infarction. We assessed the frequency of prothrombotic states, homocysteine, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and other lipids and the apolipoprotein E phenotype together with conventional risk factors in 46 patients (19 women and 27 men) with cryptogenic brain infarction aged from 15 to 60 years and in 104 community‐based controls. Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) for risk factors and 95% CIs were calculated by logistic regression. Hypertension (OR 4.5; 95% CI, 1.5–13.2; P = 0.006), current smoking (OR 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2–6.8; P = 0.012), low HDL cholesterol (HDL‐C) (OR 5.4; 95% CI, 1.1–25.5; P = 0.035) and high clotting factor VIII activity (OR 3.6; 95% CI, 1.1–12.2; P = 0.041) were variables associated with cryptogenic brain infarction. These risk factors were not equally frequent in women and men. Low HDL‐C and high factor VIII activity in the women, and hypertension, current smoking and a low level of plasma folate in the men were risk factors for cryptogenic stroke. Several of the observed risk factors for cryptogenic brain infarction were lifestyle‐associated, which emphasizes the role of health education in addition to pharmacological treatment in the prevention of stroke.
A Framework for Multiple-View Product Representation Using Augmented Reality

In this paper, an augmented reality (AR) collaborative design system to support multiple-view product representation in manufacturing is presented. This system can be used to enhance design discussion using the real objects and natural communication behaviors, such as voice inputs and gestures, and also support communication of a geographically dispersed multi-disciplinary team on a network in a concurrent engineering environment. In addition, during the life cycle development of a product, users performing different operations in this life cycle can view different information of the product that is relevant to their tasks through head-mounted devices (HMDs). The information, which is filtered using a client's interest list, i.e. the process information which is of the greatest interest to a client, and deposited in the users' respective databases, can be displayed using computer graphics such as video, text, etc. Furthermore, users can freely make changes to the product model in this AR environment
Improving postoperative pain management: what are the unresolved issues?

DESPITE recent advances in our understanding of the physiology of acute pain, the development of new opioid and nonopioid analgesics and novel methods of drug delivery, and more widespread use of pain-reducing minimally invasive surgical techniques, pain after surgical procedures remains a challenge for many practitioners. Not surprisingly, recent surveys in the United States and Europe have emphasized the insufficient quality of postoperative pain management and the need for further improvements. The increasing implementation of standardized pain evaluation and treatment protocols, and the use of multimodal analgesic techniques, are hopeful signs that improvements in pain management are likely to continue in the years ahead. What then are the major unresolved issues in the management of acute postoperative pain, and how should surgical patients bemanaged based on the available evidence from the peer-reviewed medical literature?
Inclusion of Relevance Information in the Term Discrimination Model

The term discrimination value of an index term has been proposed as a quantitative measure of the extent to which that term can discriminate between documents in bibliographic databases. Previous work has suggested that the most discriminating terms are those with medium frequencies of occurrence. This paper discusses the effect of including relevance data on the calculation of term discrimination values. Two algorithms are described that calculate the ability of index terms to discriminate between relevant documents, between non‐relevant documents or between relevant and non‐relevant documents. The application of these algorithms to several standard document test collections demonstrates that the exact form of the relationship between term frequency and term discrimination depends upon the particular type of discrimination which is being measured; in particular, medium frequency terms are not necessarily the best discriminators when relevance data is available. These results are compared with the discriminatory ability of terms as measured by their relevance weights, where the most discriminating terms are those with low frequencies of occurrence.
Multimeric alpha-lactalbumin from human milk induces apoptosis through a direct effect on cell nuclei.

A fraction from human milk containing spf-multimer alpha-lactalbumin (MAL) induces apoptosis in tumor cells and immature cells but spares mature cells. The mechanism of apoptosis induction and the molecular basis for the difference in susceptibility between tumor cells and healthy cells have not been defined. In this study we examined the interaction of MAL with different cellular compartments, using confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation. MAL was shown to accumulate in the nuclei of sensitive cells rather than in the cytosol, the vesicular fraction, or the ER-Golgi complex. Nuclear uptake occurred rapidly in cells that were susceptible to the apoptosis-inducing effect, but not in nuclei of resistant cells. Nuclear uptake was through the nuclear pore complex and was critical for the induction of DNA fragmentation, since inhibition of nuclear uptake with WGA rescued digitonin-permeabilized cells from induction of DNA fragmentation. Ca2+ was required for MAL-induced DNA fragmentation but nuclear uptake of MAL was independent of Ca2+. This way MAL differs from most previously described agents in that it crosses the plasma membrane and cytosol, and enters cell nuclei where it induces DNA fragmentation through a direct effect at the nuclear level.
Graded-response neurons and information encodings in autoassociative memories.

A general mean-field theory is presented for an attractor neural network in which each elementary unit is described by one input and one output real variable, and whose synaptic strengths are determined by a covariance imprinting rule. In the case of threshold-linear units, a single equation is shown to yield the storage capacity for the retrieval of random activity patterns drawn from any given probability distribution. If this distribution produces binary patterns, the storage capacity is essentially the same as for networks of binary units. To explore the effects of storing more structured patterns, the case of a ternary distribution is studied. It is shown that the number of patterns that can be stored can be much higher than in the binary case, whereas the total amount of retrievable information does not exceed the limit obtained with binary patterns.
Simple method for the concentration of influenza virus from allantoic fluid on microporous filters

Membrane filter adsorption-elution is an efficient method for concentration and partial purification of several types of viruses from various aqueous solutions. For efficient virus adsorption to negatively charged filters, the sample is adjusted to pH 3.5 and trivalent salts are added before filtration. Since influenza virus is sensitive to extremes in pH, it cannot be concentrated by ordinary filters. Zeta Plus filters, which have a net positive charge of up to 5 or 6, were evaluated for the concentration of influenza virus from infectious allantoic fluids. Influenza virus efficiently adsorbed to Zeta Plus filters at pH 6, and addition of salts was not necessary. Adsorbed virus was eluted in a small volume of 2% bovine serum albumin plus 1 M NaCl at pH 10. By this procedure, viruses in 100 ml of allantoic fluid were concentrated to a final volume of 8 ml, with an average recovery efficiency of 71.0%.
Augmented Reality: A Review of Applications

This paper surveys the field of Augmented Reality, in which 3-D virtual objects square measure integrated into a 3-D real setting in real time. It describes the medical, manufacturing, visualization, path planning, entertainment and military applications that have been explored. This paper describes the characteristics of Augmented Reality systems, including a careful discussion of the tradeoffs between optical and video mixing approaches. Registration and sensing errors are two of the biggest issues in building effective increased Reality systems, so this paper summarizes current efforts to overcome these issues. Future directions and square measures requiring further analysis are mentioned. This survey provides a starting purpose for anyone inquisitive about researching or victimization increased Reality.
The accuracy of clinical symptoms and signs for the diagnosis of serious bacterial infection in young febrile children: prospective cohort study of 15 781 febrile illnesses

Objectives To evaluate current processes by which young children presenting with a febrile illness but suspected of having serious bacterial infection are diagnosed and treated, and to develop and test a multivariable model to distinguish serious bacterial infections from self limiting non-bacterial illnesses. Design Two year prospective cohort study. Setting The emergency department of The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia. Participants Children aged less than 5 years presenting with a febrile illness between 1 July 2004 and 30 June 2006. Intervention A standardised clinical evaluation that included mandatory entry of 40 clinical features into the hospital’s electronic record keeping system was performed by physicians. Serious bacterial infections were confirmed or excluded using standard radiological and microbiological tests and follow-up. Main outcome measures Diagnosis of one of three key types of serious bacterial infection (urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and bacteraemia), and the accuracy of both our clinical decision making model and clinician judgment in making these diagnoses. Results We had follow-up data for 93% of the 15 781 instances of febrile illnesses recorded during the study period. The combined prevalence of any of the three infections of interest (urinary tract infection, pneumonia, or bacteraemia) was 7.2% (1120/15 781, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.7% to 7.5%), with urinary tract infection the diagnosis in 543 (3.4%) cases of febrile illness (95% CI 3.2% to 3.7%), pneumonia in 533 (3.4%) cases (95% CI 3.1% to 3.7%), and bacteraemia in 64 (0.4%) cases (95% CI 0.3% to 0.5%). Almost all (>94%) of the children with serious bacterial infections had the appropriate test (urine culture, chest radiograph, or blood culture). Antibiotics were prescribed acutely in 66% (359/543) of children with urinary tract infection, 69% (366/533) with pneumonia, and 81% (52/64) with bacteraemia. However, 20% (2686/13 557) of children without bacterial infection were also prescribed antibiotics. On the basis of the data from the clinical evaluations and the confirmed diagnosis, a diagnostic model was developed using multinomial logistic regression methods. Physicians’ diagnoses of bacterial infection had low sensitivity (10-50%) and high specificity (90-100%), whereas the clinical diagnostic model provided a broad range of values for sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions Emergency department physicians tend to underestimate the likelihood of serious bacterial infection in young children with fever, leading to undertreatment with antibiotics. A clinical diagnostic model could improve decision making by increasing sensitivity for detecting serious bacterial infection, thereby improving early treatment.
A Simple Method for Detecting Tumor in T2-Weighted MRI Brain Images: An Image-Based Analysis

The objective of this paper is to present a decision support system which uses a computer-based procedure to detect tumor blocks or lesions in digitized medical images. The authors developed a simple method with a low computation effort to detect tumors on T2-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain images, focusing on the connection between the spatial pixel value and tumor properties from four different perspectives: 1) cases having minuscule differences between two images using a fixed block-based method, 2) tumor shape and size using the edge and binary images, 3) tumor properties based on texture values using spatial pixel intensity distribution controlled by a global discriminate value, and 4) the occurrence of content-specific tumor pixel for threshold images. Measurements of the following medical datasets were performed: 1) different time interval images, and 2) different brain disease images on single and multiple slice images. Experimental results have revealed that our proposed technique incurred an overall error smaller than those in other proposed methods. In particular, the proposed method allowed decrements of false alarm and missed alarm errors, which demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed technique. In this paper, we also present a prototype system, known as PCB, to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods by actual experiments, comparing the detection accuracy and system performance.
Strategies for Dealing with End-User Resistance

User resistance is a common occurrence when new information systems are implemented and can contribute to implementation failure. This research reviewed the literature on the reasons for end-user resistance and identified a number of strategies that could be used for dealing with end-user resistance, such as end-user support, participation, communication, training and consultant involvement on a project. The research investigated the effectiveness of these strategies for dealing with end-user resistance based on the opinions of IT project managers in New Zealand. The results of this research showed that IT project managers use all identified strategies on their IT projects. Among identified strategies various forms of communication, end-user participation and support have been rated as the most frequently used strategies. The results also showed that IT project managers rated end-user participation and communication strategies as the most effective for dealing with end-user resistance. The research also revealed some unexpected results, for example participants who use one-off and stage-wise training techniques experience more end-user resistance on their projects; and participants whose companies have external IT support in place to support users, also experience more resistance.
Future of individualized psychiatric treatment.

Daniel B Campbell1† & Pat Levitt2 †Author for correspondence 1Vanderbilt University, Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, 8114 MRB3, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Tel. : +1 615 936 3862; Fax: +1 615 936 3747; E-mail: daniel.b. campbell@ vanderbilt.edu 2Vanderbilt University, Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, PO Box 40 Peabody, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203, USA Tel. : +1 615 322 8242; Fax: +1 615 322 5910; E-mail: pat.levitt@ vanderbilt.edu ‘. a more immediate solution to improve patient care is to maximize current treatment effectiveness by using genetic information . to enhance individual responsiveness to antipsychotic medication. ’