Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reforma e crise do setor elétrico no período FHC

Este artigo aborda a reforma do setor eletrico brasileiro efetuada durante o governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Inicialmente, faz um rapido resumo da organizacao, do funcionamento e das dificuldades do setor antes da posse do presidente FHC. Descreve as principais linhas da proposta do governo e as criticas e alternativas ao modelo escolhido. Mostra, ainda, como a opcao por uma rapida e profunda reforma do setor eletrico, calcada em experiencias liberais de outros paises, provocou uma grande desorganizacao na sua coordenacao e planejamento. Essa situacao foi agravada pela politica economica do governo, em particular, pela politica cambial e pela restricao de investimentos das estatais. Como consequencia, deu-se o racionamento de energia, o aumento de custos para os consumidores e um legado de empresas eletricas endividadas e dependentes do erario publico.
Ultrastructural localization of the small GTP‐binding protein Rap 1 in human platelets and megakaryocytes

Summary. Several functions have been proposed for Rap 1B in human platelets, including the regulation of phospholipase (PL) Cγ and Ca2+ ATPase. However, its localization is largely unknown. In the present study we have investigated the subcellular distribution of Rap1 by immunocytochemical techniques using affinity purified polyclonal antibodies raised against residues 121–137 common to the 95% homologous Rap1A and Rap1B proteins. By immuno‐fluorescence, a positive labelling was obtained on intact resting platelets and was abolished after adsorption of the antibodies with the control peptide. Immunoelectron microscopy was then used to further define the subcellular localization of Rap1B in platelets and megakaryocytes (MK). In resting cells, immunolabelling for Rap1B was associated with the plasma membrane, mostly at its inner face, and lined the membrane of the open canalicular system (OCS). Some labelling was also found outlining the α‐granules, identified as such by a double labelling with an anti‐GPIIb‐IIIa. On thrombasthenic platelets the same localization was observed. When platelets were stimulated by thrombin, immunolabelling for Rap1B was redistributed to the zones of fusion of the granules with the OCS, and to the plasma membrane with a higher concentration on pseudopods. Human MK expressed Rap1 and the staining revealed the association of the protein with the demarcation membranes and α‐granules.
Occupational Involvement and Alienation among Adults: The Effects of Gender and Age

This paper presents a path analytic study of differences due to one's gender in the perception of and meaning attributed to occupational involvement and alienation among adult professionals. Within the study, gender differences are not considered in isolation from interdependent age differences. The sample consists of 233 adults employed at the same job level within a large professional organization. The path model looks at the interplay between background variables, contextual/organizational variables, personal/psychological variables, and work outcomes (powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, isolation from organizational goals, and job satisfaction). The results indicate that the psychological structure of work alienation is qualitatively different for women than for men. Quantitatively, the men and women experience approximately the same amount of alienation. In general, age is a negative factor for the women, but a positive factor for the men especially in relationship with the contextual/organizational variables. The distinct meaning of work alienation for women as opposed to men and the role of age and adult identity are discussed in terms of further understanding the adult occupational experience.
Music choice as a sadness regulation strategy for resolved versus unresolved sad events

This research examined individuals’ preference for happy music when dealing with resolved versus unresolved sad events. In experiment 1 (N = 49), participants dealing with unresolved sad events were more likely to select music that was happy, exciting, upbeat, and active than those dealing with resolved sad events. Unresolved sadness participants also wanted to listen to music that was significantly happier, more exciting, more upbeat, and more active than the music selected by the resolved sadness participants. In experiment 2 (N = 79), we employed a ‘mood-freeze’ procedure to investigate whether participants in the unresolved sadness condition were motivated to select happy music in order to cope with their unresolved sad events. Specifically, we tested whether these individuals would still be motivated to select happy music if they were led to believe they could not regulate their feelings of sadness. As predicted, participants whose sadness was ostensibly frozen (unresolved/mood-freeze condition) and participants in resolved sadness condition were significantly less likely to select happy music, and wanted to listen to music that was less happy compared to those in the unresolved/control condition. These findings suggest that choice of happy music by the individuals dealing with unresolved sad events is motivated.
Was ist Wissensgeschichte?

The following paper discusses ›history of knowledge‹ as a new approach in the field of historical research, and especially cultural history. First of all, employing Foucault's notion of ›les saviors‹, the paper shows that the concept of ›knowledge‹ enables us to conceive knowledge as always circulating back and forth, without hierarchies, between different societal spheres and institutions, through media, between scientists and the so called public. Secondly, the paper proposes to use ›knowledge‹ as a vantage point for the historical gaze into the field of modern history. It therefore asks the question whether it is sound to promote ›knowledge‹ to a rank comparable in importance to the concept ›society‹ for social history, or ›nation‹ for political history. Since the very idea of ›the‹ society has lost a lot of its influence in the last two decades, my paper investigates the possibility that the new ›history of knowledge‹ can become an heir to the already rather ›old school‹ social history approach.
An Application of NGS for WDR36 Gene in Taiwanese Patients with Juvenile-Onset Open-Angle Glaucoma

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the most important disease in ophthalmology with high prevalence and risk of irreversible blindness. If diagnosed before the age of 35, it is usually categorized as juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG). The WDR36 gene is reckoned as one of the major causative genes of POAG, and had been studied to be related to the pathogenesis of POAG in the literature. We have selected 61 JOAG patients and 61 JOAG-free individuals, and by next-generation sequencing method, the WDR36 gene of the subjects were analyzed. We identified 26 variations exclusively in JOAG group. Among these 26 variations, there were 3 noteworthy variations. First, a novel variation c.460-650A>G was found in our study which might cause premature termination of splicing of the conserved domain in WDR36; second, c.1494+1111G>T (rs13178997) had significantly different frequency in our JOAG patients compared to the reference frequency on NCBI; third, a variation c.710+30C>T (rs10038177) was found in our study, which had already been reported to be related to high-pressure glaucoma. We offer the profile of WDR36 in JOAG in Taiwan population, and we suggest that WDR36 gene is involved in the pathogenesis of JOAG as a subordinate modifier gene.
Hippocampectomy disrupts auditory trace fear conditioning and contextual fear conditioning in the rat

The hippocampus is believed to be an important structure for learning tasks that require temporal processing of information. The trace classical conditioning paradigm requires temporal processing because the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US) are temporally separated by an empty trace interval. The present study sought to determine whether the hippocampus was necessary for rats to perform a classical trace fear conditioning task in which each of 10 trials consisted of an auditory tone CS (15‐s duration) followed by an empty 30‐s trace interval and then a fear‐producing floor‐shock US (0.5‐s duration). Several weeks prior to training, animals were anesthetized and given aspiration lesions of the neocortex (NEO; n = 6), hippocampus and overlying neocortex (HIPP; n = 7), or no lesions at all (control; n = 6). Approximately 24 h after trace conditioning, NEO and control animals showed a significant decrease in movement to a CS‐alone presentation that was indicative of a conditioned fear response. Animals in the HIPP group did not show conditioned fear responses to the CS alone, nor did a pseudoconditioning group (n = 7) that was trained with unpaired CSs and USs. Furthermore, all groups except the HIPP group showed conditioned fear responses to the original context in which they received shock USs. One week later, HIPP, NEO, and control animals received delay fear‐conditioning trials with no trace interval separating the CS and US. Six of seven HIPP animals could perform the delay version, but none could perform the trace version. This result suggests that the trace fear task is a reliable and useful model for examining the neural mechanisms of hippocampally dependent learning. Hippocampus 1998;8:638–646. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Western diet impairs metabolic remodelling and contractile efficiency in cardiac hypertrophy.

AIMS Metabolic remodelling in cardiac hypertrophy is underscored by a reduction in fatty acid (FA) oxidation. We tested whether this decline in FA oxidation in the presence of enhanced FA supply may predispose the hypertrophied myocardium to lipid accumulation, functional deterioration, and eventually heart failure. METHODS and results Left ventricular hypertrophy was induced surgically in Sprague-Dawley rats by inter-renal aortic constriction. Rats were fed a Western diet (WD, 45% kcal from lipids) or standard diet (SD, 12% kcal from fat) for 9 weeks post-surgery. Hearts were perfused in the isovolumic mode with a physiological mixture of substrates including 5 mM 1-(13)C glucose, 1 mM 3-(13)C lactate, and 0.3 mM U-(13)C palmitate, and cardiac function was monitored. Real-time PCR was used to determine transcript levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) and PPARalpha-regulated metabolic enzymes. Palmitate oxidation and PPARalpha-regulated gene expression were markedly reduced in the hypertrophied myocardium of rats fed SD. However, 9 weeks of WD normalized both palmitate oxidation and PPARalpha-regulated gene expression but significantly increased glucose and lactate oxidation in the hypertrophied hearts. This was accompanied by cardiac triglyceride accumulation and a decline in ventricular function despite an increase in oxygen consumption. CONCLUSION These results highlight that WD-induced dysregulation of FA metabolism has deleterious functional consequences in cardiac hypertrophy.
Teachers' views on play-based practice in Abu Dhabi kindergartens

This article reports on play practices in the Abu Dhabi Education Council's (ADEC) New School Model (NSM) Kindergarten framework from the teachers’ perspective. The NSM framework develops the whole child through two strands: Approaches to Learning and Academic Performance. It acknowledges that play is critical for growth and learning, yet its practice in the Abu Dhabi context receives little attention. This study aims to explore the value teachers give to play and their prioritisation of factors that impact on the quantity and quality of their practice. Data is collected through focus groups combined with the nominal group technique (NGT). Findings show that teachers have different definitions of play but all recognise its value for child growth and learning. Factors impacting negatively on play include: teacher time, pressure of academic goals and assessment. A lack of understanding was noted amongst colleagues, parents and children on play practices. This was reflected in teaching practice, and in children's play choices at home. Recommendations are made to enhance the quantity and quality of play in ADEC's KGs.
Design and development of the water supply system for the red cross field hospital

Water is imperative for running the field hospital during disasters. The water supply equipment is used to supply the water to patients and to ensure the self-sufficiency of the medical teams. In designing the water supply equipment, logistics is the key aspect. To improve the water supply equipment, the method to identify the field requirement is valuable. This study discusses the design and the field deployments of the water supply equipment for the foreign field hospital.
What's Meaning Got to Do With It: The Role of Vocabulary in Word Reading and Reading Comprehension

There is at present no clear consensus as to the nature of the relations between oral vocabulary and specific literacy skills. The present study distinguished between vocabulary breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge to better explain the role of oral vocabulary in various reading skills. A sample of 60 typically developing Grade 4 students was assessed on measures of receptive and expressive vocabulary breadth, depth of vocabulary knowledge, decoding, visual word recognition, and reading comprehension. Concurrent analyses revealed that each distinct reading skill was related to the vocabulary measures in a unique manner. Receptive vocabulary breadth was the only oral vocabulary variable that predicted decoding performance after controlling for age and nonverbal intelligence. In contrast, expressive vocabulary breadth predicted visual word recognition, whereas depth of vocabulary knowledge predicted reading comprehension. The results are discussed in terms of interrelations between phonological and semantic factors in the acquisition of distinct reading skills.
Measuring Cognitive Load: A Comparison of Self-Report and Physiological Methods.

i ABSTRACT This study explored three methods to measure cognitive load in a learning environment using four logic puzzles that systematically varied in level of intrinsic cognitive load. Participants' perceived intrinsic load was simultaneously measured with a self-report measure—a traditional subjective measure—and two objective, physiological measures based on eye-tracking and EEG technology. In addition to gathering self-report, eye-tracking data, and EEG data, this study also captured data on individual difference variables and puzzle performance. Specifically, this study addressed the following research questions: 1. Are self-report ratings of cognitive load sensitive to tasks that increase in level of intrinsic load? 2. Are physiological measures sensitive to tasks that increase in level of intrinsic load? 3. To what extent do objective physiological measures and individual difference variables predict self-report ratings of intrinsic cognitive load? 4. Do the number of errors and the amount of time spent on each puzzle increase as the puzzle difficulty increases? Participants were 56 undergraduate students. Results from analyses with inferential statistics and data-mining techniques indicated features from the physiological data were sensitive to the puzzle tasks that varied in level of intrinsic load. The self-report measures performed similarly when the difference in intrinsic load of the puzzles was the most varied. Implications for these results and future directions for this line of research are discussed. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Robert Atkinson for the inspiration to pursue my research interests in the LSRL. The experience was invaluable as he gave me the independence to explore and the encouragement and feedback necessary to grow as a researcher. I had access to a wealth of lab resources, a team of intelligent colleagues, and the opportunity for rich and meaningful discussions about measurement and data analysis. I will forever be grateful for these opportunities. Lin for his friendship and discussions about statistics. I also appreciate Robert Christopherson for supporting the technology in the lab.
School and Community-Based Approaches for Preventing Bullying

With an increasing focus on bullying among the public, educators, researchers, and policy makers, there is a need to delineate what we know works in bullying prevention and what areas might benefit from greater attention. The social-ecological framework provides a useful tool through which to consider what contexts and factors within these contexts might yield promising results in bullying prevention. In this article we first provide an overview of bullying prevention program evaluations to date, and then highlight two salient components of the social-ecology that have received limited attention to date. Specifically, we discuss the role of teacher implementation in influencing bullying program effectiveness, and consider how community-based bullying prevention efforts might serve to address factors relevant to bullying involvement that are outside the sphere of influence of educators.
Low-power wireless IPv6 routing with ContikiRPL

RPL is the IETF candidate standard for IPv6 routing in low-power wireless sensor networks. We present the first experimental results of RPL which we have obtained with our ContikiRPL implementation. Our results show that Tmote Sky motes running IPv6 with RPL routing have a battery lifetime of years, while delivering 0.6 packets per second to a sink node.
Outdoor Education and Science Achievement

Elementary students have limited opportunities to learn science in an outdoor setting at school. Some suggest this is partially due to a lack of teacher efficacy teaching in an outdoor setting. Yet the research literature indicates that outdoor learning experiences develop positive environmental attitudes and can positively affect science achievement. Research also suggests that frequent outdoor learning experiences, implemented by a trained teacher in a familiar setting, like a schoolyard, can result in greater engagement and science achievement for students. Teachers can embrace outdoor learning opportunities as a means to increase science content knowledge and develop environmentally conscious students. In this article, we explore the positive effects of outdoor science education on achievement and suggest practical outdoor activities for classroom teachers.
Growth inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by polyoxyethylene stearate present in the BACTEC pyrazinamide susceptibility test

We have previously found that approximately 3.5% of 428 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis yield uninterpretable results in the BACTEC pyrazinamide (PZA) susceptibility test system, because of inadequate growth. We tested the hypothesis that polyoxyethylene stearate (POES), the ingredient of the reconstituting fluid for the test, was the cause of this growth inhibition. A total of 15 isolates known for their previously uninterpretable results and 100 randomly chosen clinical isolates were tested in parallel both with and without POES. Repeat testing of the isolates with previously uninterpretable results yielded results in the presence of POES in only seven (47%). In the absence of POES, all gave interpretable results but one such result showed false resistance. For the other 100 clinical isolates, interpretable results were obtained with and without POES, but growth was enhanced in the absence of POES, especially in the PZA-susceptible strains. This was evidenced by a decreased time to attain a growth index of 200 in the control vial (4.9 days without POES versus 5.8 days with POES; P < 0.001) and a higher mean growth index ratio on the day of interpretation of the test (7.4% without POES versus 2.2% with POES; P < 0.001). However, the enhanced growth without POES led to 20 susceptible strains being misinterpreted as either resistant or borderline. We suggest that isolates of M. tuberculosis which yield uninterpretable results in the BACTEC PZA test system should be retested both with and without POES. If interpretable results indicating PZA resistance are obtained only in the absence of POES, the result should be confirmed by a pyrazinamidase assay or by the conventional proportion method. Routine omission of POES from the BACTEC test for all clinical strains is discouraged because of the unacceptably high false-resistance rates.
Pictures at an Exhibition : EE 368 Project

This report presents an algorithm which matches photographs of paintings to a small database. The algorithmuses a modified SIFT approach to match keypoints between painting s. The algorithm is somewhat invariant to size and rotation, hi ghly invariant to perspective change and noise, and can tolerate multiple images in the field of view. Significant optimization was performed, leading to a typical identification time of 900 mson an Intel Core Duo 1.67 GHz computer.
Robust vehicle tracking and detection from UAVs

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles have been used widely in the commercial and surveillance use in the recent year. Vehicle tracking from aerial video is one of commonly used application. In this paper, a self-learning mechanism has been proposed for the vehicle tracking in real time. The main contribution of this paper is that the proposed system can automatic detect and track multiple vehicles with a self-learning process leading to enhance the tracking and detection accuracy. Two detection methods have been used for the detection. The Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) with Histograms of Oriented Gradient (HoG) method and the HSV colour feature with Grey Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM) method have been proposed for the vehicle detection. A Forward and Backward Tracking (FBT) mechanism has been employed for the vehicle tracking. The main purpose of this research is to increase the vehicle detection accuracy by using the tracking results and the learning process, which can monitor the detection and tracking performance by using their outputs. Videos captured from UAVs have been used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. According to the results, the proposed learning system can increase the detection performance.
Precise estimation of postpartum haemorrhage: difficulties and importance.

The accepted definition of postpartum haemorrhage is an estimated blood loss of at least 500 ml. after vaginal delivery. Estimation of blood loss is often unreliable, for few attendants have a clear appreciation of the appearance of 500 ml. of blood soaked into linen and the other accoutrements of delivery. Because of the failure to recognize the extent of haemorrhage, its true importance in maternal morbidity and mortality tends to be missed. Several methods have been used in attempts to measure blood loss accurately. Gatch and Little (1924) extracted haemoglobin and measured it as acid haematin by photometric comparison with a series of acid haematin solutions prepared by diluting the patient's venous blood. Pilcher and Sheard (1937) used the spectrophotometer to measure oxy haemoglobin concentrations. Coller et al. (1944) compared preand post-delivery haemoglobin and plasma protein con centrations. Gahres et al. (1962) used chromium-51-labelled red cells to compare the red cell mass before and after delivery, while Spoerel and Heagy (1962) used radioiodinated serum albumin to compare plasma volumes before and after delivery. Murdoch (1958) attempted complete collections in calibrated receptacles. The aim of the present investigation was to measure the amount of bleeding at vaginal delivery. In order to prevent confusion the estimate made by the attendant will be referred to as the recorded blood loss. The loss determined subse quently by calculation, using the washing-machine extraction method, is referred to as the measured loss.