Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cameron Chameleon and the Current State of Britain's ‘Consensus’

David Cameron's election as leader of the Conservative Party has already made a significant impact upon the electoral dynamics between the three major parties in Britain. Whilst the new leader has made serious attempts to redefine his party's policy and ideological stance on a number of issues, Cameron has also been hailed, particularly by key sections of the media, as a serious contender for No. 10. As such, Cameron's leadership of the Conservatives is likely to provoke a significant degree of academic speculation about his impact, both on the Conservative Party and the wider contemporary political context in Britain. In light of this, the purpose of this article is to attempt to address both of these questions. The article begins with a brief examination of Cameron's first few months as leader of the opposition and the impact this has had upon both Conservative Party policy and ideology. This is followed by a discussion of the likely impact Cameron's leadership may have upon the relationship between the two main parties through a critique of theories of ‘consensus’. The article attempts to anticipate a likely desire amongst academics to place Cameron's transformation of the Conservatives in the context of an ongoing party consensus between Labour and the Conservatives. Whilst this part of the article is, to some extent, speculative, I will argue that there are a number of precedents to suggest that the application of a consensus theory to explain the current relationship between Labour and the Conservatives is likely to be tempting to several authors. Overall, I attempt to argue that such a view only serves to hamper, rather than help our understanding of the contemporary political scene.
Impact of Father Involvement: A Closer Look at Indirect Effects Models Involving Marriage and Child Adjustment

In this article we present a framework for understanding the indirect effects of fathering on child development in the context of the marriage. We discuss three central pathways of influence: through relations between marital quality and fathering, through children's exposure to father expressions of marital discord, and through relations between marital quality and father psychological functioning. We provide corresponding hypotheses and review recent research to support or refute each. A common theme is that fathers, as well as mothers, have important influences in marital contexts, with some evidence for different or even greater impact of fathers in terms of the relations between the marital relationship and parenting, the impact of child exposure to marital conflict expressions, and as a function of parental symptomatology, although these effects are often complex. We discuss the value of including fathers in research on families and child development, and point out some promising directions for future study.
Identification of KCNQ1 compound heterozygous mutations in three Chinese families with Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome

Abstract Conclusion: Besides expanding the spectrum of KCNQ1 mutations causing Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome (JLNS), the results showed diversity of its phenotypes, and emphasized the importance of molecular genetic analysis in confirming clinical diagnosis and making diagnosis possible before the emergency symptoms for deaf individuals. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate four patients from three Chinese families with congenital hearing loss clinically and genetically. Method: Genetic analysis of previously reported deafness genes based on massively parallel sequencing was conducted in more than five thousand Chinese hearing loss patients. Detailed clinical features of the patients with compound heterozygous or homozygous mutations of KCNQ1 gene were collected and analyzed. Results: Compound mutations of KCNQ1 were found to be the genetic etiology of four patients from three families. Among the six KCNQ1 mutations, c.546C > A was identified as a novel mutation, c.965C > T had been reported in JLNS, while c.683 + 5G > A, c. 1484_1485delCT, c.905C > T and c.1831G > A were previously reported in LQT1. In addition to congenital profound hearing loss in all subjects, two sibling subjects showed typical JLNS cardiac phenotype of prolonged QTc and recurrent syncopal episodes. One subject presented not only JLNS, but also iron-deficiency anemia and epilepsy. The other subject did not present any cardiac phenotype.
On the Effects of Low-Quality Training Data on Information Extraction from Clinical Reports

In the last five years there has been a flurry of work on information extraction from clinical documents, that is, on algorithms capable of extracting, from the informal and unstructured texts that are generated during everyday clinical practice, mentions of concepts relevant to such practice. Many of these research works are about methods based on supervised learning, that is, methods for training an information extraction system from manually annotated examples. While a lot of work has been devoted to devising learning methods that generate more and more accurate information extractors, no work has been devoted to investigating the effect of the quality of training data on the learning process for the clinical domain. Low quality in training data often derives from the fact that the person who has annotated the data is different from the one against whose judgment the automatically annotated data must be evaluated. In this article, we test the impact of such data quality issues on the accuracy of information extraction systems as applied to the clinical domain. We do this by comparing the accuracy deriving from training data annotated by the authoritative coder (i.e., the one who has also annotated the test data and by whose judgment we must abide) with the accuracy deriving from training data annotated by a different coder, equally expert in the subject matter. The results indicate that, although the disagreement between the two coders (as measured on the training set) is substantial, the difference is (surprisingly enough) not always statistically significant. While the dataset used in the present work originated in a clinical context, the issues we study in this work are of more general interest.
Automated traffic control system in railways

The article deals with the problem of traffic control at a large railroad station. We offer the approach and solutions to automate several tasks of operational control at the station. Methods: We studied the problem of planning the shunting work, the design of daily process schedule of station, selection and assembling the routes. Results: The algorithmic solution for design of daily process schedule of the station was developed. Through this, the design process is user friendly and easy, as well as a decision on the handling of trains in complex situations and exceptions is flexible and efficient. Practical implications: Algorithmic solution and results of research were implemented in software for train dispatcher's workstation. This software makes the control work simple, reduces the human errors and improves the safety of control.
Perceptions of Relational Histories, Marital Quality, and Loneliness When Communication Is Limited: An Examination of Married Prison Inmates

Loneliness is a common problem for people who are in prison as well as for spouses geographically separated. Among those inmates who are married, perceptions of a positive relational history and current marital quality were predicted to inhibit feelings of loneliness while separated from a spouse. A sample of 96 married prison inmates completed measures of loneliness, marital satisfaction and commitment, and responded to a series of open-ended questions about their relational history. Inmates reported considerable variability in perceptions of relational histories as well as in the experience of loneliness. The longer inmates had been separated from their spouses, the more loneliness they reported. Path analysis results indicated that perceptions of a positive relational history were strongly and positively associated with current marital quality, which was negatively associated with experiencing loneliness. Possessing a satisfying and committed marriage may reduce feelings of loneliness when separated from a spouse by incarceration. Implications for marital communication when spouses are physically separated are considered.
Intelligent Case‐Authoring Support in Casemaker‐2

CaseMaker is an interactive environment for intelligent case‐authoring support in CREST, a case‐based reasoner for estimation tasks, in which the selection of cases for addition to a case library is guided by empirical evaluation of the coverage contributions of candidate cases. I present a new version of the environment called CaseMaker‐2 that is designed to support case authoring more effectively by eliminating a previous requirement for the evaluation of candidate cases to be repeated following the addition of a new case to the library. A key role in the approach is played by an algorithm for dynamic partitioning of the space of uncovered cases in such a way that the partition containing a given case represents the minimum additional coverage provided by its addition to the case library.
Spatially and Temporally Optimized Video Stabilization

Properly handling parallax is important for video stabilization. Existing methods that achieve the aim require either 3D reconstruction or long feature trajectories to enforce the subspace or epipolar geometry constraints. In this paper, we present a robust and efficient technique that works on general videos. It achieves high-quality camera motion on videos where 3D reconstruction is difficult or long feature trajectories are not available. We represent each trajectory as a Bézier curve and maintain the spatial relations between trajectories by preserving the original offsets of neighboring curves. Our technique formulates stabilization as a spatial-temporal optimization problem that finds smooth feature trajectories and avoids visual distortion. The Bézier representation enables strong smoothness of each feature trajectory and reduces the number of variables in the optimization problem. We also stabilize videos in a streaming fashion to achieve scalability. The experiments show that our technique achieves high-quality camera motion on a variety of challenging videos that are difficult for existing methods.
BrowseRank: letting web users vote for page importance

This paper proposes a new method for computing page importance, referred to as BrowseRank. The conventional approach to compute page importance is to exploit the link graph of the web and to build a model based on that graph. For instance, PageRank is such an algorithm, which employs a discrete-time Markov process as the model. Unfortunately, the link graph might be incomplete and inaccurate with respect to data for determining page importance, because links can be easily added and deleted by web content creators. In this paper, we propose computing page importance by using a 'user browsing graph' created from user behavior data. In this graph, vertices represent pages and directed edges represent transitions between pages in the users' web browsing history. Furthermore, the lengths of staying time spent on the pages by users are also included. The user browsing graph is more reliable than the link graph for inferring page importance. This paper further proposes using the continuous-time Markov process on the user browsing graph as a model and computing the stationary probability distribution of the process as page importance. An efficient algorithm for this computation has also been devised. In this way, we can leverage hundreds of millions of users' implicit voting on page importance. Experimental results show that BrowseRank indeed outperforms the baseline methods such as PageRank and TrustRank in several tasks.
Load Balancing in Two-Tier Cellular Networks With Open and Hybrid Access Femtocells

Femtocell base station (BS) is a low-power, low-price BS based on the cellular communication technology. It is expected to become a cost-effective solution for improving the communication performance of indoor users, whose traffic demands are large in general. We propose long-term parameter optimization schemes for open and hybrid femtocells, which maximize the average throughput of macrocell users by offloading the macro users' downlink traffic to femtocells. To achieve this goal, load balancing between femtocells and macrocells is needed, and hence, we jointly optimize the ratio of dedicated resources for femtocells as well as the femtocell service area in open access femtocell networks by numerical analysis. Then, we extend our algorithm to hybrid access femtocells, where some intra-femtocell resources are dedicated only for femtocell owners, while remaining resources are shared with foreign macrocell users. Our evaluation results show that the proposed parameter optimization schemes significantly enhance the performance of macrocell users because of the large offloading gain. The benefits provided to femtocell users are also adaptively maintained according to the femtocell users' requirements. The results in this paper also provide insights about the situations where femtocell deployment on dedicated channels is preferred to the cochannel deployment.
Fast Virus Signature Matching Based on the High Performance Computing of GPU

For the virus signature matching time of traditional the eigenvalue is too long, which can’t meet the need of the information security, a method of fast virus signature matching on the GPU is compelled. The system uses the GPU as a fast filter to quickly identify possible virus signatures for thousands of data objects in parallel. The performance of their library suggests that the GPU is now a viable platform for cost-effective, high-performance network security processing. And it shows that the computing speed of the eigenvalue based on GPU is obviously higher than the eigenvalue based on CPU by the experiment.
MemBrush: A practical tool to detect custom memory allocators in C binaries

Many reversing techniques for data structures rely on the knowledge of memory allocation routines. Typically, they interpose on the system's malloc and free functions, and track each chunk of memory thus allocated as a data structure. However, many performance-critical applications implement their own custom memory allocators. As a result, current binary analysis techniques for tracking data structures fail on such binaries. We present MemBrush, a new tool to detect memory allocation and deallocation functions in stripped binaries with high accuracy. We evaluated the technique on a large number of real world applications that use custom memory allocators.
Emergence and Pathogenicity of Highly Virulent Cryptococcus gattii Genotypes in the Northwest United States

Cryptococcus gattii causes life-threatening disease in otherwise healthy hosts and to a lesser extent in immunocompromised hosts. The highest incidence for this disease is on Vancouver Island, Canada, where an outbreak is expanding into neighboring regions including mainland British Columbia and the United States. This outbreak is caused predominantly by C. gattii molecular type VGII, specifically VGIIa/major. In addition, a novel genotype, VGIIc, has emerged in Oregon and is now a major source of illness in the region. Through molecular epidemiology and population analysis of MLST and VNTR markers, we show that the VGIIc group is clonal and hypothesize it arose recently. The VGIIa/IIc outbreak lineages are sexually fertile and studies support ongoing recombination in the global VGII population. This illustrates two hallmarks of emerging outbreaks: high clonality and the emergence of novel genotypes via recombination. In macrophage and murine infections, the novel VGIIc genotype and VGIIa/major isolates from the United States are highly virulent compared to similar non-outbreak VGIIa/major-related isolates. Combined MLST-VNTR analysis distinguishes clonal expansion of the VGIIa/major outbreak genotype from related but distinguishable less-virulent genotypes isolated from other geographic regions. Our evidence documents emerging hypervirulent genotypes in the United States that may expand further and provides insight into the possible molecular and geographic origins of the outbreak.
Remarkable Diversity in the Enzymes Catalyzing the Last Step in Synthesis of the Pimelate Moiety of Biotin

Biotin synthesis in Escherichia coli requires the functions of the bioH and bioC genes to synthesize the precursor pimelate moiety by use of a modified fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. However, it was previously noted that bioH has been replaced with bioG or bioK within the biotin synthetic gene clusters of other bacteria. We report that each of four BioG proteins from diverse bacteria and two cyanobacterial BioK proteins functionally replace E. coli BioH in vivo. Moreover, purified BioG proteins have esterase activity against pimeloyl-ACP methyl ester, the physiological substrate of BioH. Two of the BioG proteins block biotin synthesis when highly expressed and these toxic proteins were shown to have more promiscuous substrate specificities than the non-toxic BioG proteins. A postulated BioG-BioC fusion protein was shown to functionally replace both the BioH and BioC functions of E. coli. Although the BioH, BioG and BioK esterases catalyze a common reaction, the proteins are evolutionarily distinct.
Fréquence et répartition des mariages consanguins en France

Résumé Nous sommes très mal renseignés sur la fréquence des unions consanguines au sein de la nuptialité. A l'heure actuelle, deux pays seulement, l'Italie et la Hollande, publient des statistiques à leur sujet. Outre qu'elles n'intéressent que des degrés de parenté très rapprochés, elles sont critiquables sur bien des points. Au moyen des dispenses accordées par l'Eglise catholique, les auteurs ont pu établir, pour la France entière et à l'échelle départementale, des données comprenant les mariages consanguins jusqu'au sixième degré inclus. Ils se contentent, dans ce premier article, de publier les chiffres établis en mettant sommairement en évidence les faits les plus saillants qui en découlent.
Saxagliptin: A New Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor for Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The primary goal of treatment is to target glycemic control by maintaining the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level near 6% to 7% without predisposing patients to hypoglycemia. Currently available antidiabetic agents work by different mechanisms to lower blood glucose levels. Unfortunately, each of them has its tolerability and safety concerns that limit use and dose titration. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme inhibitors are novel drugs that prolong the action of incretins, and lead to increased insulin secretion and reduced hepatic glucose production. Saxagliptin is another dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (after sitagliptin) that is approved for the management of type 2 diabetes. It can be used alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, or thiazolidinedione (pioglitazone or rosiglitazone) when treatment with one drug alone provides inadequate glucose control. The usual adult dose is 2.5 to 5 mg once daily regardless of meals. A daily dose of 2.5 mg is recommended for patients with moderate to severe renal impairment or those who are taking potent CYP 3A4 inhibitors. In randomized clinical trials, saxagliptin alone lowered HbA1c levels by about 0.5%; with better efficacy seen when combined with other agents. It is well tolerated with the most common side effects being upper respiratory tract infection, headache, and urinary tract infection. In summary, saxagliptin is an option as an adjunct to lifestyle modifications and other antidiabetic agents to target glycemic control. It is also an alternative therapy for patients who have contraindications or intolerability to other antidiabetic agents.
Intention, Plans, and Practical Reason

1. Introduction 2. On the way to the planning theory 3. Plans and practical reasoning 4. Agent rationality: toward a general theory 5. Reconsideration and rationality 6. Agent rationality: the historical theory 7. Commitment revisited 8. Two faces of intention 9. Acting with an intention 10. Intention and expected side effects 11. Conclusion Bibliography Notes Index.
Induction of Transient Neurological Dysfunction in Baboons by Platelet Microemboli

Background and Purpose To investigate experimental mechanisms of reversible cerebral dysfunction, we produced transient focal cerebral ischemia in five baboons by unilateral perfusion of internal carotid territories with platelet microemboli generated endogenously. Methods Platelet microemboli were formed by incorporating segments of Dacron vascular graft for 1 hour as unilateral carotid arterio-arterial shunts. Platelet embolization was assessed by ultrasonography and isotopic imaging; cerebral function was evaluated by measurements of somatosensory evoked potentials and clinical motor performance. Results Platelet microemboli, detected by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, accumulated rapidly in the shunted carotid hemispheric territory. Indium-111–labeled platelets reached a maximum value of 3.2±0.8×109 platelets in the dependent hemisphere of five animals after 20 minutes of carotid blood flow through the grafts when measured in real time by continuous scintillation camera imaging. The retained 111In-platelet microemboli cleared from the cerebral vasculature within 1 hour after removing the grafts. Corresponding blood markers of in vivo thrombus formation, β-thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4, and fibrinopeptide A, increased eightfold to 20-fold after incorporating graft segments and normalized within 1 hour after removing the grafts. Coincidently, focal neurological function was temporarily impaired, as shown by the ipsilateral loss of somatosensory evoked potentials 5 minutes after initiating platelet microembolization, with restoration 1 hour after removing the grafts in five baboons, and contralateral hemiparesis in two recovered baboons, with complete resolution by 24 hours. Conclusions Endogenously generated platelet microemboli accumulate transiently in the dependent cerebral circulation and produce corresponding focal neurological dysfunction that resolves within hours after microembolization.
The Relationship between Internet-Specific Epistemological Beliefs and Learning within Internet Technologies

In a sample of 157 Norwegian political science undergraduates, two dimensions of epistemological beliefs concerning Internet-based knowledge and knowing were identified through factor analysis. The first dimension, general Internet epistemology, ranged from the integrated view that the Internet is an essential source of true, specific facts to doubt about the Internet as a good source of true, factual knowledge. The other dimension, justification for knowing, ranged from the view that Internet-based knowledge claims can be accepted without critical evaluation to the view that knowledge claims encountered on the Internet should be checked against other sources, reason, and prior knowledge. Further, it was found that students' personal epistemology concerning Internet-based knowledge and knowing predicted their self-reports of Internet-search and -communication activities in better and more consistent ways than did Internet self-efficacy beliefs.
Animating Dolly: Real-time Herding and Rendering of Sheep

This paper describes ongoing work on a system to animate and render large flocks of furry or woolly animals. An outside agent, the sheepdog, tries to control another group of agents (a flock of sheep) that observe two rules of flocking: cohesion and separation. We also describe our efforts to create realistic animations for the dog and sheep, using insights from animal gait studies, along with our system to render the large woolly flock in realtime using multi-view impostors with color variation.