Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biological NOx removal by denitrification process in a jet-loop bioreactor: system performance and model development

Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide referred as NOx are one of the most important air pollutants in the atmosphere. Biological NOx removal technologies have been developing to reach a cost-effective control method for upcoming stringent NOx emission standards. The BioDeNOx system was seen as a promising biological NOx control technology which is composed of two reactors, one for absorbing of NO in an aqueous Fe(II)EDTA2− solution and the other for subsequent reduction to N2 gas in a biological reactor by the denitrification process. In this study, instead of two discrete reactors, only one jet-loop bioreactor (JLBR) was utilized as both absorption and denitrification unit and no chelate-forming chemicals were added. In other words, the advantage of better mass transfer conditions of jet bioreactor was used instead of Fe(II)EDTA2−. The process was named as Jet-BioDeNOx. The JLBR was operated for the removal of NOx from air streams containing 500–3000 ppm NOx and the results showed that the removal efficiency was between 81% and 94%. The air to liquid flow ratio (QG/QRAS) varied in the range of 0.07–0.12. Mathematical modelling of the system demonstrated that the removal efficiency strongly depends on this ratio. The high mass transfer conditions prevailed in the reactor provided a competitive advantage on removing NO gas without any requirement of chelating chemicals.
A model of the standing man for the description of his dynamic behaviour.

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NF-κB transmits Eda A1/EdaR signalling to activate Shh and cyclin D1 expression, and controls post-initiation hair placode down growth

A novel function of NF-κB in the development of most ectodermal appendages, including two types of murine pelage hair follicles, was detected in a mouse model with suppressed NF-κB activity (cIκBαΔN). However, the developmental processes regulated by NF-κB in hair follicles has remained unknown. Furthermore, the similarity between the phenotypes of cIκBAΔN mice and mice deficient in Eda A1 (tabby) or its receptor EdaR (downless) raised the issue of whether in vivo NF-κB regulates or is regulated by these novel TNF family members. We now demonstrate that epidermal NF-κB activity is first observed in placodes of primary guard hair follicles at day E14.5, and that in vivo NF-κB signalling is activated downstream of Eda A1 and EdaR. Importantly, ectopic signals which activate NF-κB can also stimulate guard hair placode formation, suggesting a crucial role for NF-κB in placode development. In downless and cIκBαΔN mice, placodes start to develop, but rapidly abort in the absence of EdaR/NF-κB signalling. We show that NF-κB activation is essential for induction of Shh and cyclin D1 expression and subsequent placode down growth. However, cyclin D1 induction appears to be indirectly regulated by NF-κB, probably via Shh and Wnt. The strongly decreased number of hair follicles observed in cIκBαΔN mice compared with tabby mice, indicates that additional signals, such as TROY, must regulate NF-κB activity in specific hair follicle subtypes.
Risk measurement of financial portfolio based on Copula-SV-GPD model

In view of the characteristics of fat tail,fluctution heteroscedasticity and nonlinear correlation of the combination of multiple financial portfolios,this paper combines the SV-t models with the EVT to depict the single asset return volatility and tail characteristics,and applies the Copula function to treat with the non-linear structures among assets and measures the risk of portfolio by Monte Carlo simulation.By empirical research of Hua An Innovation Fund,it is found that the risk measurement model can effectively manage investment risk based on Copula-SV-GPD method,which could effectively depict the time series of returns of financial assets and accurately treat abnormal changes of the tail.
A mean-field approach for the determination of the polarizabilities for the water molecule in liquid state

A mean-field method is presented describing the electrostatic environment experienced by water molecule in liquid state, which is used to extract the corresponding hyper- and high-order polarizabilities. Within this approach, MD computer simulations of liquid water samples for two standard water potentials at several different temperatures are performed to characterize the distributions (specifically average values) of local fields and field gradients. The electric response properties (including non-linear contributions up to fourth-order) are then calculated using ab initio techniques in conjunction with a charge perturbation variant of a finite field method. Sets of fixed charges are used to generate the desired electric fields and electric field gradients. Calculations of dipole polarizability, hyper- and principal components of high-order polarizabilities of the water molecule in gas and liquid phase conditions are carried out at MP2 and MP4 levels of theory; the values obtained for three different liquid phase models are compared with those for gas phase. For a liquid phase water molecule the first hyperpolarizability (β) and first higher polarizability (A) increase markedly, actually changing sign. The second hyperpolarizability γ) also increases but much less dramatically, and components of the second high-order polarizability tensor (B) demonstrate a rearrangement of contributions. We observe that a less symmetrical gradient model gives the most accurate representation of liquid-phase conditions. The excellent agreement of our gas-phase values with experimental results and the most accurate previous theoretical predictions is evident of the quality of our higher order polarizabilities and theoretical models.
Action potential‐evoked Ca2+ signals and calcium channels in axons of developing rat cerebellar interneurones

1 Axonal [Ca2+] transients evoked by action potential (AP) propagation were studied by monitoring the fluorescence of the high‐affinity calcium‐sensitive dye Oregon Green 488 BAPTA‐1, introduced through whole‐cell recording pipettes in the molecular layer of interneurones from cerebellar slices of young rats. 2 The spatiotemporal profile of Ca2+‐dependent fluorescence changes was analysed in well‐focused axonal stretches a few tens of micrometres long. AP‐evoked Ca2+ signals were heterogeneously distributed along axons, with the largest and fastest responses appearing in hot spots on average ∼5 μm apart. 3 The spatial distribution of fluorescence responses was independent of the position of the focal plane, uncorrelated to basal dye fluorescence, and independent of dye concentration. Recordings using the low‐affinity dye mag‐fura‐2 and a Cs+‐based intracellular solution revealed a similar pattern of hot spots in response to depolarisation, ruling out measurement artefacts or possible effects of inhomogeneous dye distribution in the generation of hot spots. 4 Fluorescence responses to a short train of APs in hot spots decreased by 41–76 % after bath perfusion of ω‐conotoxin MVIIC (5–6 μM), and by 17–65 % after application of ω‐agatoxin IVA (500 nM). ω‐Conotoxin GVIA (1 μM) had a variable, small effect (0–31 % inhibition), and nimodipine (5 μM) had none. Somatically recorded voltage‐gated currents during depolarising pulses were unaffected in all cases. These data indicate that P/Q‐type Ca2+ channels, and to a lesser extent N‐type channels, are responsible for a large fraction of the [Ca2+] rise in axonalhot spots. 5 [Ca2+] responses never failed during low‐frequency (≤ 0.5 Hz) stimulation, indicating reliable AP propagation to the imaged sites. Axonal branching points coincided with a hot spot in ∼50 % of the cases. 6 The spacing of presynaptic varicosities, as determined by a morphological analysis of Neurobiotin‐filled axons, was ∼10 times larger than the one measured for hot spots. The latter is comparable to the spacing reported for varicosities in mature animals. 7 We discuss the nature of hot spots, considering as the most parsimonious explanation that they represent functional clusters of voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels, and possibly other [Ca2+] sources, marking the position of developing presynaptic terminals before the formation of en passant varicosities.
Identification of RACK1 and Protein Kinase Cα as Integral Components of the Mammalian Circadian Clock

Late-Running Clock Components Many mammalian cells contain a well-characterized biological clock with a 24-hour cycle. In the latter part of the day, transcription mediated by one of the clock components, the transcription factor made up of the CLOCK and BMAL1 proteins, is inhibited, but the mechanism of inhibition has been unclear. Robles et al. (p. 463) used mass spectrometry to identify proteins that RACK1 (receptor for activated C kinase–1), a scaffold protein that brings protein kinase C–α (PKCα ) into contact with its substrates, caused to be associated with BMAL1 at the time of day when its transcription-activating function was inhibited. Further studies implicated PKCα and RACK1 as integral components of the clock, without which the clock's free-running period was shortened. Rhythmic activation of signaling occurs by core components of the biological clock mechanism. At the core of the mammalian circadian clock is a negative feedback loop in which the dimeric transcription factor CLOCK-BMAL1 drives processes that in turn suppress its transcriptional activity. To gain insight into the mechanisms of circadian feedback, we analyzed mouse protein complexes containing BMAL1. Receptor for activated C kinase–1 (RACK1) and protein kinase C–α (PKCα) were recruited in a circadian manner into a nuclear BMAL1 complex during the negative feedback phase of the cycle. Overexpression of RACK1 and PKCα suppressed CLOCK-BMAL1 transcriptional activity, and RACK1 stimulated phosphorylation of BMAL1 by PKCα in vitro. Depletion of endogenous RACK1 or PKCα from fibroblasts shortened the circadian period, demonstrating that both molecules function in the clock oscillatory mechanism. Thus, the classical PKC signaling pathway is not limited to relaying external stimuli but is rhythmically activated by internal processes, forming an integral part of the circadian feedback loop.
Development of knitted fabric sensors for monitoring human respiration

Knitting is a kind of fabric forming method, and knitted fabrics are used traditionally in clothing as well as home furnishing. But recently, by using novel techniques and materials, knitted fabric has broadened its application in medical field. In this study, some knitted fabrics were produced by using conductive fibers, and the relationship between the electrical property and the extension of conductive knitted fabrics was investigated theoretically and experimentally. Then, optimization experiment was designed and conducted for finding out the optimal knitting parameters. Based on the results, a product prototype was designed and made for monitoring human respiration. After preliminary trial and analysis, it is found that the product works well even further improvements are needed.
Risky business—reconceptualizing risk and innovation in public services

This paper explores the relationship between risk and innovation in public services, presenting the state of the literature across different disciplines and the academic and policy literature. It suggests a novel framework to approach risk, emphasising the importance of differentiating between different types of risk and risk management. The paper offers a typology of risk types and management approaches that indicates different effects on the type of public service innovation. It concludes by considering the implications for theory and practice.
Heat Transfer Coefficients Determination of Numerical Model by Using Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper presents a method for determination of heat transfer coefficients for finite-element method housing model of medium-voltage switchgear cell. Suggested method is based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm. For that purpose, a real test model of partition wall has been created as well as an equivalent numerical FE model. Since the preciseness of thermal model is dependent on the preciseness of thermal coefficients, the goal of the optimization procedure is to assure even better match between the measured and the FE model calculated temperature values. Because of the fact that the temperature field is a consequence of eddy currents that appear in metal parts of switchgear devices, this paper deals with a coupled problem. Nonlinear calculation of magnetic field is also considered.
Distributed Unmixing of Hyperspectral Data With Sparsity Constraint

Spectral unmixing (SU) is a data processing problem in hyperspectral remote sensing. The significant challenge in the SU problem is how to identify endmembers and their weights, accurately. For estimation of signature and fractional abundance matrices in a blind problem, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and its developments are used widely in the SU problem. One of the constraints which was added to NMF is sparsity constraint that was regularized by L 1/2 norm. In this paper, a new algorithm based on distributed optimization has been used for spectral unmixing. In the proposed algorithm, a network including single-node clusters has been employed. Each pixel in hyperspectral images considered as a node in this network. The distributed unmixing with sparsity constraint has been optimized with diffusion LMS strategy, and then the update equations for fractional abundance and signature matrices are obtained. Simulation results based on defined performance metrics, illustrate advantage of the proposed algorithm in spectral unmixing of hyperspectral data compared with other methods. The results show that the AAD and SAD of the proposed approach are improved respectively about 6 and 27 percent toward distributed unmixing in SNR=25dB.
Fatty Acid-Oxidizing Consortia along a Nutrient Gradient in the Florida Everglades

ABSTRACT The Florida Everglades is one of the largest freshwater marshes in North America and has been subject to eutrophication for decades. A gradient in P concentrations extends for several kilometers into the interior of the northern regions of the marsh, and the structure and function of soil microbial communities vary along the gradient. In this study, stable isotope probing was employed to investigate the fate of carbon from the fermentation products propionate and butyrate in soils from three sites along the nutrient gradient. For propionate microcosms, 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from eutrophic and transition sites were dominated by sequences related to previously described propionate oxidizers, such as Pelotomaculum spp. and Syntrophobacter spp. Significant representation was also observed for sequences related to Smithella propionica, which dismutates propionate to butyrate. Sequences of dominant phylotypes from oligotrophic samples did not cluster with known syntrophs but with sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) and Pelobacter spp. In butyrate microcosms, sequences clustering with Syntrophospora spp. and Syntrophomonas spp. dominated eutrophic microcosms, and sequences related to Pelospora dominated the transition microcosm. Sequences related to Pelospora spp. and SRP dominated clone libraries from oligotrophic microcosms. Sequences from diverse bacterial phyla and primary fermenters were also present in most libraries. Archaeal sequences from eutrophic microcosms included sequences characteristic of Methanomicrobiaceae, Methanospirillaceae, and Methanosaetaceae. Oligotrophic microcosms were dominated by acetotrophs, including sequences related to Methanosarcina, suggesting accumulation of acetate.
Self-Pruning Broadcasting for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Broadcasting is a process of delivering a message to all nodes in a network. While it is important to ensure that all nodes get a copy of the broadcast message, minimizing the number of sending nodes is equally important especially in resource-constrained wireless networks. Existing broadcasting protocols based on self-pruning are ineffective in achieving these objectives. Therefore this paper proposes two protocols based on simple timer mechanisms to prioritize broadcasting of messages such that node with most uncovered neighbors rebroadcast first. Additionally a timer suppression mechanism is proposed to further enhance the effectiveness of the broadcasting protocol. Compared with an existing protocol, extensive simulation experiments confirm that the proposed protocols achieve better performance.
Analysis of Collaborative Communication for Linguistic Cues of Cognitive Load

Objective: Analyses of novel linguistic and grammatical features, extracted from transcribed speech of people working in a collaborative environment, were performed for cognitive load measurement. Background: Prior studies have attempted to assess users’ cognitive load with several measures, but most of them are intrusive and disrupt normal task flow. An effective measurement of people’s cognitive load can help improve their performance by deploying appropriate output and support strategies accordingly. Methods: The authors studied 33 members of bushfire management teams working collaboratively in computerized incident control rooms and involved in complex bushfire management tasks. The participants’ communication was analyzed for some novel linguistic features as potential indices of cognitive load, which included sentence length, use of agreement and disagreement phrases, and use of personal pronouns, including both singular and plural pronoun types. Results: Results showed users’ different linguistic and grammatical patterns with various cognitive load levels. Specifically, with high load, people spoke more and used longer sentences, used more words that indicated disagreement with other team members, and exhibited increased use of plural personal pronouns and decreased use of singular pronouns. Conclusion: The article provides encouraging evidence for the use of linguistic and grammatical analysis for measuring users’ cognitive load and proposes some novel features as cognitive load indices. Application: The proposed approach may be applied to many data-intense and safety-critical task scenarios, such as emergency management departments, for example, bushfire or traffic incident management centers; air traffic control rooms; and call centers, where speech is used as part of everyday tasks.
Apoptotic Actions of p53 Require Transcriptional Activation of PUMA and Do Not Involve a Direct Mitochondrial/Cytoplasmic Site of Action in Postnatal Cortical Neurons

Recent studies in non-neuronal cells have shown that the tumor suppressor p53 can promote cell death through a transcription-independent mechanism involving its direct action with a subset of Bcl-2 family member proteins in the cytosol and at the mitochondria. In cultured cortical neurons, however, we could not find evidence supporting a significant contribution of the cytosolic/mitochondrial p53 pathway, and available evidence instead corroborated the requirement for the transcriptional activity of p53. When directly targeted to the cytosol/mitochondria, wild-type p53 lost its apoptosis-inducing activity in neurons but not in non-neuronal cells. The N-terminal p53 fragment (transactivation and proline-rich domains), which induces apoptosis in non-neuronal cells via the cytosolic/mitochondrial pathway, displayed no apoptogenic activity in neurons. In neuronal apoptosis induced by camptothecin or an MDM2 (murine double minute 2) inhibitor, nutlin-3, endogenous p53 protein did not accumulate in the cytosol/mitochondria, and transcriptional inhibition after p53 induction effectively blocked cell death. In addition, overexpression of a dominant-negative form of p53 (R273H) completely suppressed induction of proapoptotic p53 target genes and cell death. PUMA (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis) was one such gene induced by camptothecin, and its overexpression was sufficient to induce Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein)-dependent neuronal death, whereas Noxa was not apoptogenic. These results collectively demonstrate that, in contrast to non-neuronal cells, the apoptotic activity of p53 in postnatal cortical neurons does not rely on its direct action at the cytosol/mitochondria but is exclusively mediated through its transcription-dependent functions. The uniqueness of p53-mediated apoptotic signaling in postnatal cortical neurons was further illustrated by the dispensable function of the proline-rich domain of p53.
Single-VCSEL 100-Gb/s short-reach system using discrete multi-tone modulation and direct detection

We demonstrate an up to 115-Gb/s line-rate short-reach system using a single 1550-nm VCSEL with discrete multi-tone modulation and direct detection, which can cover 500-m to 4-km standard-single-mode fiber at 95-Gb/s to 105-Gb/s bit rates.
Herbivory facilitates growth of a key reef‐building Caribbean coral

Abstract The decline of reef‐building corals in conjunction with shifts to short‐lived opportunistic species has prompted concerns that Caribbean reef framework‐building capacity has substantially diminished. Restoring herbivore populations may be a potential driver of coral recovery; however, the impact of herbivores on coral calcification has been little studied. We performed an exclusion experiment to evaluate the impact of herbivory on Orbicella faveolata coral growth over 14 months. The experiment consisted of three treatments: full exclusion cages; half cage procedural controls; and uncaged control plates, each with small O. faveolata colonies. We found that herbivorous fish exclusion had a substantial impact on both macroalgal cover and coral growth. Fleshy macroalgae reached 50% cover within some exclusion cages, but were almost absent from uncaged control plates. Critically, O. faveolata calcification rates were suppressed by almost half within exclusion cages, with monthly coral growth negatively related to overgrowth by fleshy macroalgae. These findings highlight the importance of herbivorous fishes for coral growth and the detrimental impact of macroalgal proliferation in the Caribbean. Policy makers and local managers should consider measures to protect herbivorous fishes and reduce macroalgal proliferation to enable coral communities to continue to grow and function.