Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heteroscedasticity Robust Panel Unit Root Tests

This article proposes new unit root tests for panels where the errors may be not only serial and/or cross-correlated, but also unconditionally heteroscedastic. Despite their generality, the test statistics are shown to be very simple to implement, requiring only minimal corrections and still the limiting distributions under the null hypothesis are completely free from nuisance parameters. Monte Carlo evidence is also provided to suggest that the new tests perform well in small samples, also when compared to some of the existing tests. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Stock Exchanges Industry Consolidation and Shock Transmission

Stock exchange industry consolidation is at work since many years and has recently accelerated through competition for order flows, agreements and mergers. However, consolidation may not mean that all shocks are transmitted to every place. Therefore, following Forbes and Rigobon (2002) we distinguish convergence (as interdependence) from contagion. Long run interdependence is analyzed through overlapping rolling cointegration and shocks on correlations through multivariate GARCH models. The models are estimated on daily data from January 1 1994 and April 30 2006. We consider the DAX30, the CAC40, the FTSE100 and the NYSE indexes. We identify stock exchanges convergence between European places. However we mainly witness a leading role of the US market even after the euro area creation. Finally, dynamic correlations still exert local shocks while others are effectively transmitted.
Depression Subtypes in Bipolar I and II Disorders

Background: Depression is the predominant mood alteration in bipolar I and II disorders. In this study, the nature of major depressive episodes of bipolar I versus bipolar II patients is specifically assessed, as regards lifetime history of rapid cycling, melancholia, atypical and psychotic symptoms. Methods: The patient sample consisted of 184 bipolar I and 80 bipolar II patients, according to the research diagnostic criteria, who entered the bipolar disorders program in our hospital. Subsets of patients are compared according to DSM-IV criteria for rapid cycling, melancholic, atypical and psychotic features. Results: Bipolar I patients had significantly more psychotic symptoms in their lifetime histories (p < 0.001), whereas bipolar II patients had significantly more atypical symptoms in their lifetime histories (p < 0.003). Although melancholia was more prevalent in the bipolar I and rapid cycling was more prevalent in the bipolar II subgroup, these differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that marked differences exist in the nature of major depressive episodes between bipolar I and II patients, as they in the long term emerge from the two conditions. To what extent both conditions are related cannot be ascertained in the present study. Clinical differences may have relevant therapeutic implications and separate trials for bipolar I and bipolar II depression are warranted.
Evaluation of Three Nucleic Acid Amplification Methods for Direct Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Respiratory Specimens

ABSTRACT Two hundred thirty respiratory specimens from 230 patients were analyzed by using COBAS AMPLICOR PCR, Amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis Direct Test, and ligase chain reaction methods. Results were compared with those of smear microscopy and radiometric culture (Bactec) methods. No significant differences were observed among the results of the three methods, which are acceptable for direct detection of M. tuberculosis complex in respiratory specimens.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Schwannoma: A Clinical Retrospective Study in 52 Cases

Objective: To evaluate the radiological and clinical outcomes in a series of patients in whom stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was used to treat trigeminal schwannomas. Methods: The records of 52 patients who underwent SRS for trigeminal schwannoma were reviewed using a retrospective study. The median patient age was 47.1 years (range, 18-77); 20 patients (38.5%) had undergone prior tumor resection and 32 (61.5%) underwent radiosurgery on the basis of imaging diagnosis only. The most frequent presenting symptoms were facial numbness (29 patients), jaw weakness (11 patients), facial pain (10 patients) and diplopia (4 patients). Fifty-two cases with solid tumors were mainly solid in 44 cases (84.6%), mostly cystic in 2 cases (3.8%), and cystic and solid mixed in 6 cases (11.5%). Two cases of mostly cystic tumor first underwent stereotactic cystic fluid aspiration and intracavitary irradiation, and then had MRI localization scan again for gamma knife treatment. The mean tumor volume was 7.2 ml (range, 0.5-38.2). The mean prescription radiation dose was 13.9 Gy (range, 11-17), and the mean prescription isodose configuration was 47.9%. Results: At a mean follow-up of 61 months (range, 12-156), neurological symptoms or signs improved in 35 patients (67.3%), 14 patients (26.9%) had a stable lesion, and worsening of the disease occurred in 2 patients (3.8%). On imaging, the schwannomas almost disappeared in 8 (15.4%), shrank in 32 (61.5%), remained stable in 5 (9.6%), and increased in size in 7 patients (13.5%). Tumor growth control was achieved in 45 (86.5%) of the 52 patients. Conclusions: SRS is an effective and minimally invasive management option for patients with residual or newly diagnosed trigeminal schwannomas. The use of SRS to treat trigeminal schwannomas resulted in good tumor control and functional improvement.
Risks involved in reengineering projects

Risk analysis has become a standard requirement for projects in many organizations. To meet this requirement the risks must be known. This paper addresses the pitfalls of software reengineering projects. To this end it summarizes the results of 13 such projects conducted by the author in the past 10 years. The purpose of the study is to identify the major risks involved in reengineering projects and to suggest means of risk reduction.
Mutants of the Yeast Yarrowia lipolyticaDefective in Protein Exit from the Endoplasmic Reticulum Are Also Defective in Peroxisome Biogenesis

ABSTRACT Mutations in the SEC238 and SRP54 genes of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica not only cause temperature-sensitive defects in the exit of the precursor form of alkaline extracellular protease and of other secretory proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and in protein secretion but also lead to temperature-sensitive growth in oleic acid-containing medium, the metabolism of which requires the assembly of functionally intact peroxisomes. The sec238A andsrp54KO mutations at the restrictive temperature significantly reduce the size and number of peroxisomes, affect the import of peroxisomal matrix and membrane proteins into the organelle, and significantly delay, but do not prevent, the exit of two peroxisomal membrane proteins, Pex2p and Pex16p, from the endoplasmic reticulum en route to the peroxisomal membrane. Mutations in the PEX1 and PEX6 genes, which encode members of the AAA family of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein-like ATPases, not only affect the exit of precursor forms of secretory proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum but also prevent the exit of the peroxisomal membrane proteins Pex2p and Pex16p from the endoplasmic reticulum and cause the accumulation of an extensive network of endoplasmic reticulum membranes. None of the peroxisomal matrix proteins tested associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in sec238A,srp54KO, pex1-1, and pex6KO mutant cells. Our data provide evidence that the endoplasmic reticulum is required for peroxisome biogenesis and suggest that inY. lipolytica, the trafficking of some membrane proteins, but not matrix proteins, to the peroxisome occurs via the endoplasmic reticulum, results in their glycosylation within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, does not involve transport through the Golgi, and requires the products encoded by the SEC238, SRP54,PEX1, and PEX6 genes.
Learning Heterogeneous Dictionary Pair with Feature Projection Matrix for Pedestrian Video Retrieval via Single Query Image

Person re-identification (re-id) plays an important role in video surveillance and forensics applications. In many cases, person re-id needs to be conducted between image and video clip, e.g., re-identifying a suspect from large quantities of pedestrian videos given a single image of him. We call re-id in this scenario as image to video person re-id (IVPR). In practice, image and video are usually represented with different features, and there usually exist large variations between frames within each video. These factors make matching between image and video become a very challenging task. In this paper, we propose a joint feature projection matrix and heterogeneous dictionary pair learning (PHDL) approach for IVPR. Specifically, PHDL jointly learns an intra-video projection matrix and a pair of heterogeneous image and video dictionaries. With the learned projection matrix, the influence of variations within each video to the matching can be reduced. With the learned dictionary pair, the heterogeneous image and video features can be transformed into coding coefficients with the same dimension, such that the matching can be conducted using coding coefficients. Furthermore, to ensure that the obtained coding coefficients have favorable discriminability, PHDL designs a point-to-set coefficient discriminant term. Experiments on the public iLIDS-VID and PRID 2011 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The Corporate Management of Human Resources Under Conditions of Decentralization

SUMMARY This paper relates an aspect of recent corporate change – namely, decentralization – to the strategic management of human resources. Corporate attention to human resources in the decentralized organization is of particular interest because it represents a significant departure from decentralized norms, and signals a major revision of thinking about the role, status, and activities of the personnel function. At the centre of the argument is the notion of the internal labour market, a hitherto neglected theme in treatments of decentralization. The paper begins by outlining the circumstances that encouraged decentralization in the 1980s. It then sets out the influences on the operation of a corporate internal labour market, before identifying initiatives taken by some firms to offset the shortcomings of decentralization without overturning it. In the process, the shift in the centre of gravity of the corporate personnel function, away from industrial relations management and towards human resource development, has been reinforced.
Numerical Analysis of Flatback Trailing Edge Airfoil to Reduce Noise in Power Generation Cycle

Turbo machinery is an essential part in the power generation cycle. However, it is the main source of noise that annoys workers and users, and contributes to environmental problems. Thus, it is important to reduce this noise when operating the power generation cycle. This noise is created by a flow instability on the trailing edge of the rotor blade—an airfoil that becomes a section of the rotor blade of the rotating machine—manufactured as a blunt trailing edge (T.E.), with a round or flatback shape, rather than the ideal sharp T.E. shape, for the purposes of production and durability. This increases the tonal noise and flow-induced vibrations at a low frequency, owing to vortex shedding behind T.E. when compared with a sharp T.E. In order to overcome this problem, the present study investigates the oblique T.E. shape using numerical simulations. In order to do so, flow was simulated using large eddy simulation (LES) and the noise was analyzed by acoustic analogy coupled with the LES result. Once the simulation results were verified using the flatback airfoil measurements of the Sandia National Laboratories, numerical prediction was performed to analyze the flow and the noise characteristics for the airfoils, which were modified to have oblique trailing edge angles of 60°, 45°, and 30°. From the simulation results of the oblique T.E. airfoil, it could be seen that the vortex shedding frequency moves in accordance with the oblique angle and that the vortex shedding noise characteristics change according to the angle, when compared to the flatback T.E. airfoil. Therefore, it is considered that modifying the flatback T.E. airfoil with an appropriate oblique angle can reduce noise and change the tonal frequency to a bandwidth that is suitable for mechanical systems.
Analysis of Imaging Artifacts in MR Brain Images

MRI brain images are widely used in medical applications for research, diagnosis, treatment, surgical planning and image guided surgeries. These MR brain images are often corrupted with various imaging artifacts and may affect the performance of brain image processing techniques. In this paper, we listed and identified the causes of the common imaging artifacts in MR brain images.
Because of Race: How Americans Debate Harm and Opportunity in Our Schools

Preface ix Acknowledgments xvii INTRODUCTION 1 REBUTTAL ONE: Harms to Children of Color Cannot Be Proved 22 REBUTTAL TWO: Harms to Children of Color Should Not Be Discussed 64 REBUTTAL THREE: Harms to Children of Color Cannot Be Remedied 101 REBUTTAL FOUR: Harms to Children of Color Are Too "Small" to Fix 136 CONCLUSION: Arguing toward Everyday Justice in the New Civil Rights Era 175 Notes 187 Bibliography 255 Index 273
OCLC Systems & Services: International digital library perspectives Embracing the shift to cloud computing: knowledge and skills for systems librarians

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of cloud computing and its increasing impact on systems librarianship, and to propose strategies for systems librarians as they embrace the shift to cloud computing. Design/methodology/approach – The approach takes various forms, including needs assessment, literature review, impact analysis, environmental scanning and strategic planning. Findings – Cloud computing has a great impact on systems librarianship. There is not enough evidence to prove that such environmental changes will likely obviate the need for systems librarians in the near future. Systems librarians must upgrade their knowledge and skills to meet the new demands of the change. Originality/value – At the time of this literature review, few publications were dedicated to the discussion of cloud computing and systems librarianship. This article is intended to ﬁll the gap of the literature in this area.
Demoralization and Embitterment

Objective: Individuals may experience a wide range of psychological reactions in response to negative life events. Even if events that threaten life have been always played a central role in research, recent studies have outlined that experiences, considered exceptional but part of the human existence (e.g., divorce, unemployment, or chronic illness) may also lead individuals to experience enduring emotional states of suffering. Demoralization has been substantially described as an important condition occurring in response to stressful events, while a recent interest is growing on embitterment as a common reaction. Method: By analyzing the most relevant studies (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycLit, and Cochrane Library), this article discusses the main features of embitterment and demoralization, summarizing the similarities as well as the differences detectable between the 2 constructs. Results: Some authors have described these phenomena as spectrum or gradients that start with normal human responses until getting to pathological conditions, characterized by prolonged intense psychological distress in relation to stressful events. Both have shown distinct psychopathological features than other stress-related mental disorders and have been recognized as predictors of negative outcomes, such as impairment in work and social functioning, reduction of quality of life, risk for mental and physical disorders, and suicidality. Conclusions: Demoralization and embitterment are multidimensional phenomena, connected to each other by bridge dimensions and in the meanwhile characterized by distinct features. Accurately exploring these clinical conditions is an ongoing challenge to clinicians and researchers, who are called for improving their recognition and proper therapeutic interventions that can ameliorate patients quality of life.
Kalman Filter With Recursive Covariance Estimation—Sequentially Estimating Process Noise Covariance

The Kalman filter has been found to be useful in vast areas. However, it is well known that the successful use of the standard Kalman filter is greatly restricted by the strict requirements on a priori information of the model structure and statistics information of the process, and measurement noises. Generally speaking, the covariance matrix of process noise is harder to be determined than that of the measurement noise by routine experiments, since the statistical property of process noise cannot be obtained directly by collecting a large number of sensor data due to the intrinsic coupling of process noise and system dynamics. Considering such background of wide applications, this paper introduces one algorithm, recursive covariance estimation (RCE) algorithm, to estimate the unknown covariance matrix of noise from a sample of signals corrupted with the noise. Based on this idea, for a class of discrete-time linear-time-invariant systems where the covariance matrix of process noise is completely unknown, a new Kalman filtering algorithm named, Kalman filter with RCE, is presented to resolve this challenging problem of state estimation without the statistical information of process noise, and the rigorous stability analysis is given to show that this algorithm is optimal in the sense that the covariance matrix and state estimations are asymptotically consistent with the ideal Kalman filter when the exact covariance matrix of process noise is completely known a priori. Extensive simulation studies have also verified the theoretical results and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
96-Well Format-Based Microfluidic Platform for Parallel Interconnection of Multiple Multicellular Spheroids

In this article, we present a microfluidic platform, compatible with conventional 96-well formats, that enables facile and parallelized culturing and testing of spherical microtissues in a standard incubator. The platform can accommodate multiple microtissues (up to 66) of different cell types, formed externally by using the hanging-drop method, and enables microtissue interconnection through microfluidic channels for continuous media perfusion or dosage of substances. The platform contains 11 separate channels, and each channel has six tissue compartments. Primary rat liver tissues were cultured over 8 days, and multiple tumor tissues (HCT116) were exposed to various concentrations of 5-fluorouracil for platform characterization.
Awareness of and attitudes to Asian Englishes: a study of English teachers in South Korea

In this study 204 Korean and foreign English teachers from two metropolitan regions of South Korea were investigated regarding their attitudes towards four selected Asian Englishes as used in Singapore, India, China and Japan. The data were collected via 204 questionnaires and 63 semi-structured individual interviews and analysed from a World Englishes perspective using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results revealed teachers’ strong rejection and ignorance of the four selected Asian Englishes. Findings suggested that a lack of awareness of and exposure to Asian Englishes may have led to the development of prejudice and negativity in teachers’ attitudes causing them to ‘shut their ears’ to these Englishes. The discussion focuses on the implications for addressing the linguistic prejudices held amongst South Korean English teachers, with information on how Asian English varieties are stigmatised as ‘wrong English’. This study also addresses the importance of developing an awareness of Asian Englishes to help English speakers in South Korea to communicate effectively with the increasing number of speakers of Asian Englishes.
Strong Rules Learning Algorithm for Ensemble Text Classification

Currently, most text classifiers apply machine learning methods, while ignore traditional methods based on classification rules. In this paper, we propose a strong covering algorithm (called SCA) for generating strong classification rules and view the rules-based classifier as a component classifier in the ensemble text classifier. SCA extracts noun phrase to index document based-on our proposed Exhaustive Noun-Phrase Extraction Algorithm. Experimental results show that the ensemble classifier integrating the strong rules achieves an approximately 8% improvement as compared to bi-gram classifier and 15% improvement as compared to the single rule-based classifier.
Implementing a microgrid using standard utility control equipment

The Duke Energy McAlpine Creek Substation in Charlotte, North Carolina, has been a test bed for smart grid and renewable generation technology since 2006. The area just outside the substation fence houses a 50 kW photovoltaic installation as well as a 240 kW, 500 kWh battery energy storage system (BESS). These two assets are connected in parallel to import and export energy to a distribution circuit fed from the substation. Recent weather events and the drive to develop more renewable generation on the grid have led to extensive efforts in developing microgrids that can provide resiliency for those being served and potentially provide economic benefits for the owner and utility. In 2013, Duke Energy decided to integrate their renewable resources at the McAlpine Creek Substation to provide backup generation services to an adjacent fire station while allowing use of the BESS for grid support services when grid-connected. This effort was completed in 2015. One goal was to develop a model to allow construction and support using standard Duke Energy distribution equipment and off-the-shelf components where possible to allow more integrated support. This paper describes the design, construction, and commissioning of the microgrid controls for the McAlpine Creek microgrid project and lessons learned from its implementation.
Estimating The Demand For Food And Non-Food Items Using An Almost Ideal Demand System Modelling Approach

An Almost Ideal Demand System model is used to examine consumer behaviour in India using household survey data for the period 1973-74 through to 1993-94. The empirical results indicate that, for commodity groups, demand is inelastic, except for other foods and non-foods. The expenditure elasticity estimates indicate that milk and non-foods are luxury goods, while pulses, cereals, edible oil, meats, fruits and vegetables and other foods are necessities in the Indian diet. The results indicate that, for any increase in future expenditure, the largest percentage increase will be allocated to non-foods, followed by cereal, other foods, milk, fruits and vegetables, edible oil, pulses and meats, in that order. Estimates of future food supply and demand growth in India indicate that the gap between growth in domestic demand and domestic production is large, particularly for commodities such as pulses (deficit growing at 2.47% p.a.), but low for others like edible oils (0.02% p.a. deficit) and cereal (0.26% p.a. deficit). As a result, India is likely to see large increases in food imports in the future.