Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A DWT based time series outlier data mining algorithm

Outlier data mining can often find some potential useful information, this article proposes a outlier mining algorithm for time series data. The algorithm first uses DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) to transform the time series data to frequency domain from time domain and makes the time series data map into the points in multidimensional space. Then the algorithm uses distanced-based method to mine the outlier data. Simulation result shows the effectiveness of the algorithm. The algorithm in this paper need not to know the probability distribution model of data points and different function, thus it overcomes the limitations of previous methods of data mining.
Are More Low-Risk Prostate Cancers Detected by Repeated Biopsy? A Retrospective Pilot Study

Purpose We hypothesized that there might be a higher incidence of low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) in men diagnosed at a repeated biopsy. Thus, we investigated differences in clinicopathological results of PCa after primary and repeated biopsy. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with PCa at a primary or repeated biopsy from January 2004 to April 2011. Patients were stratified into primary biopsy and repeated biopsy groups. We analyzed prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage, Gleason score (GS), positive core ratio, and low-risk group by using D'Amico classification. We also investigated GS upgrading and upstaging after radical prostatectomy (RP). Results Among 448 primary and 37 repeated biopsy PCa patients, 82 (group 1) and 25 (group 2) underwent RP. The percentage of low-risk patients did not differ significantly between the groups. The positive biopsy core ratio was significantly lower in group 2 (p=0.009). The percentages of GS upgrading and upstaging were 42.7% and 47.6% in group 1, respectively (p=0.568), and 48.0% and 52.0% in group 2, respectively (p=0.901). In the analysis of low-risk patients, GS upgrading and upstaging were not significantly different between the groups (p=0.615 and p=0.959, respectively). Conclusions A lower positive core ratio may imply a small volume of PCa and possibly insignificant PCa in the repeated biopsy group. However, no significant differences were observed for the ratio of low-risk cancers, GS upgrading, or upstaging between the groups. Therefore, PCa diagnosed at a repeated biopsy is not an additional indication for active surveillance.
Efficient Reconstruction of Frames Based Joint Source-Channel Coded Streams in the Presence of Data Loss

Due to their interactive nature, multimedia streams must be sent over UDP with suitable countermeasures for minimizing the effect of data loss. Coding with oversampled filter bank is a promising multiple description technique which allows for signal reconstruction even in presence of packet loss. Although the coded signal can be reconstructed by means of a synthesis filter bank if no coefficient is lost, reconstruction is not trivial in the presence of packet loss. Indeed, although a theoretical solution to such a problem is well-known, its straightforward application would require to wait for all the coefficients to arrive, introducing excessive delay in interactive applications. In this paper we propose a novel alternative approach which puts in front of the synthesis filter bank a “restoring stage” whose purpose is to reconstruct the lost coefficients. It is shown that our approach can be applied in interactive applications, while preserving the optimality properties of the theoretical solution.
L=M -Fold Image Resizing in Block-DCT Domain Using Symmetric Convolution

— Image resizing is to change an image size by upsam-pling or downsampling of a digital image. Most still images and video frames are given in a compressed domain on digital media. Image resizing of a compressed image can be performed in a spatial domain via decompression and recompression. In general, resizing of a compressed image in a compressed domain is much faster than that in a spatial domain. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to resize images with resizing ratio in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain, which exploits the multiplication-convo-lution property of DCT (the multiplication in spatial domain corresponds to the symmetric convolution in DCT domain). When an image is given in terms of its 8 8 block-DCT coefficients, its re-sized image is also obtained in 8 8 block-DCT coefficients. The proposed approach is computationally fast and produces visually fine images with high PSNR.
Imposition of Different Optimizing Object with Non-Linear Constraints on Flux Sampling and Elimination of Free Futile Pathways

Constraint-based modeling has been widely used on metabolic networks analysis, such as biosynthetic prediction and flux optimization. The linear constraints, like mass conservation constraint, reversibility constraint, biological capacity constraint, can be imposed on linear algorithms. However, recently a non-linear constraint based on the second thermodynamic law, known as "loop law", has emerged and challenged the existing algorithms. Proven to be unfeasible with linear solutions, this non-linear constraint has been successfully imposed on the sampling process. In this place, Monte - Carlo sampling with Metropolis criterion and Simulated Annealing has been introduced to optimize the Biomass synthesis of genome scale metabolic network of Helicobacter pylori (iIT341 GSM / GPR) under mass conservation constraint, biological capacity constraint, and thermodynamic constraints including reversibility and "loop law". The sampling method has also been employed to optimize a non-linear objective function, the Biomass synthetic rate, which is unified by the total income number of reducible electrons. To verify whether a sample contains internal loops, an automatic solution has been developed based on solving a set of inequalities. In addition, a new type of pathway has been proposed here, the Futile Pathway, which has three properties: 1) its mass flow could be self-balanced; 2) it has exchange reactions; 3) it is independent to the biomass synthesis. To eliminate the fluxes of the Futile Pathways in the sampling results, a linear programming based method has been suggested and the results have showed improved correlations among the reaction fluxes in the pathways related to Biomass synthesis.
Visualization of the intact interface between neural tissue and implanted microelectrode arrays

This research presents immunohistochemical strategies for assessing the interactions at the immediate interface between micro-scale implanted devices and the surrounding brain tissue during inflammatory astrogliotic reactions. This includes preparation, microscopy and analysis techniques for obtaining images of the intimate contact between neural cells and the surface of implantable micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. The ability to visualize the intact interface between an implant and the surrounding tissue allows researchers to examine tissue that is unchanged from its native implanted state. Conversely, current popular techniques involve removing the implant. This tends to cause damage to the tissue immediately surrounding the implant and can hinder one's ability to differentiate inflammatory responses to the implant versus physical damage occurring from removal of the implant from the tissue. Due to advances in microscopy and staining techniques, it is now possible to visualize the intact tissue–implant interface. This paper presents the development of imaging techniques for visualizing the intact interface between neural tissue and implanted devices. This is particularly important for understanding both the acute and chronic neuroinflammatory responses to devices intended for long-term use in a prosthetic system. Non-functional, unbonded devices were imaged in vitro and in vivo at different times post-implantation via a range of techniques. Using these techniques, detailed interactions could be seen between delicate cellular processes and the electrode surface, which would have been destroyed using conventional histology processes.
Placing Value on Community Co-creations: A Study of a Video Game 'Modding' Community

Firms developing software -- and in particular, video game producers - seek to leverage the community of users/developers in enhancing product offering and increasing sales. Despite the practical importance of this phenomena, to date little research has investigated the actual value such communities add aside from few qualitative case studies of successful synergies between commercial enterprises and open-source communities. The objective of this study is to try and quantitatively assess the effectiveness of firms' efforts to increase sales of their product through inducing community's co-creation activity. Our empirical investigation focuses on producers of video games and their user/developer 'modding' community. An analysis of 45 games reveals that when firms are successful at engaging the community, the value added by the modding community contributes to an increase in sales of the base product. Implications for research on open innovation and for practitioners are discussed.
Long-term immunity and protection against herpes simplex virus type 2 in the murine female genital tract after mucosal but not systemic immunization.

The degree and duration of immunity against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection of the female genital tract were assessed after intranasal (i.nl.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) immunization with a recombinant adenovirus vector expressing HSV glycoprotein B (AdgB8). After intravaginal HSV-2 challenge, control mice rapidly developed disease and displayed high virus titers in vaginal washes. In contrast, virus titers decreased significantly and at similar rates in i.nl. and i.p. immunized mice and by day 7 were undetectable in vaginal wash samples. Assessment of genital pathology and survival showed that only i.nl. immunization provided long-term protection. Examination of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) during the decline in vaginal virus titers revealed that gB-specific IgA ASCs were only observed in the genital tissues of i.nl. immunized mice. These results indicate that mucosal immunization provides a high and long-lasting level of immunity from sexually transmitted viral infections of the female genital tract.
Emerging convergences of HCI techniques for graphical scalable visualization: Efficient filtration and location transparency of visual transformation

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) techniques are important in visualization because a good combination of them can help users to design a good visualization system while optimizing its visualization effects. In order to incorporate different HCI techniques to ‘work together’ to achieve the synergy effects for optimizing graphical scalable visualization, three of them, i.e. goal, task and scenario analyses, are applied to an XML visualization system1 which has just been recently developed last year. The order of applying these HCI techniques will be researched upon. The recognition of patterns and models in a visualization system1 is important because this affects the efficiency of visual queries to be processed by the intended viewer. Singularity of forms for patterns recognition during visualization is important for designing user interfaces. The reason is that when designing visual interfaces to an interactive program, a good visualization system should decide how the visual information should change in response to every action taken by the users.
Comparisons between ground-based FTIR and MIPAS N 2 O and HNO 3 profiles before and after assimilation in BASCOE

Within the framework of the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), regular ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements of many species are performed at several locations. Inversion schemes provide vertical profile information and characterization of the retrieved products which are therefore relevant for contributing to the validation of MIPAS profiles in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. We have focused on the species HNO 3 and N 2 O at 5 NDACC-sites distributed in both hemispheres, i.e., Jungfraujoch (46.5° N) and Kiruna (68° N) for the northern hemisphere, and Wollongong (34° S), Lauder (45° S) and Arrival Heights (78° S) for the southern hemisphere. These ground-based data have been compared with MIPAS offline profiles (v4.61) for the year 2003, collocated within 1000 km around the stations, in the lower to middle stratosphere. To get around the spatial collocation problem, comparisons have also been made between the same ground-based FTIR data and the corresponding profiles resulting from the stratospheric 4D-VAR data assimilation system BASCOE constrained by MIPAS data. This paper discusses the results of the comparisons and the usefullness of using BASCOE profiles as proxies for MIPAS data. It shows good agreement between MIPAS and FTIR N 2 O partial columns: the biases are below 5% for all the stations and the standard deviations are below 7% for the three mid-latitude stations, and below 10% for the high latitude ones. The comparisons with BASCOE partial columns give standard deviations below 4% for the mid-latitude stations to less than 8% for the high latitude ones. After making some corrections to take into account the known bias due to the use of different spectroscopic parameters, the comparisons of HNO 3 partial columns show biases below 3% and standard deviations below 15% for all the stations except Arrival Heights (bias of 5%, standard deviation of 21%). The results for this species, which has a larger spatial variability, highlight the necessity of defining appropriate collocation criteria and of accounting for the spread of the observed airmasses. BASCOE appears to have more deficiencies in producing proxies of MIPAS HNO 3 profiles compared to N 2 O, but the obtained standard deviation of less than 10% between BASCOE and FTIR is reasonable. Similar results on profiles comparisons are also shown in the paper, in addition to partial column ones.
Neutrality and International Sanctions: Sweden, Switzerland, and Collective Security

Preface Introduction The Neutrality-Collective Security Problem Swedish and Swiss Neutrality in Comparative Perspective The League, the Neutrals, and the Italian Sanctions Operation The ItaloAbyssinian Crisis and Neutrality Sweden and the Italian Operation Switzerland and the Italian Operation The United Nations, the Neutrals, and the Rhodesian Sanctions Operation The Rhodesian Operation and Neutrality Sweden and the Rhodesian Operation Switzerland and the Rhodesian Operation Conclusions Sweden, Switzerland, and the Sanctions Question Bibliography Index
Link-level performance estimation of ML receiver in MIMO-OFDM systems

Multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) technology is expected to provide theoretical capacity approaching performance if link adaptation techniques are employed. In this paper, we propose a new link-level estimation technique for maximum likelihood detector. The new proposed technique is able to decouple the modulation level and coding rate from each other in the modeling process. Both convolutional codes and Turbo codes are considered in this paper, with various coding rates and modulation schemes. It has been demonstrated through simulation that the proposed model provides satisfactory link performance prediction accuracy for various coding rates and modulation schemes.
Dealing with Software Metrics Collection and Analysis: a Relational Approach

The area of software metrics is constantly changing. New measures are proposed every day and tools for data collection and analysis have to be updated frequently in order to handle changes. A possible approach to reduce the number of changes and their complexity is the use of an intermediate layer able to decouple the extraction and the analysis of the information. In this way, researchers do not have to deal with language parsing concepts such as declarations, class specifiers, and base clauses. They focus only on the information analysis such as metrics definition and extraction. This paper proposes an abstraction layer and an architecture supporting metrics collection and analysis. The proposed layer is a set of relations able to describe the structure of the source code. As a proof of concept, the paper describes the design and the implementation of WebMetrics, a tool implementing such technique. WebMetrics is part of PROM (PRO Metrics), an architecture designed to collect and analyze software metrics and Personal Software Process data.
Joint channel and flow assignment algorithm for wireless mesh networks

The wireless mesh networks (WMN) has attracted significant interests as a next-generation broadband wireless network to provide ubiquitous wireless access for broadband services. Especially with incorporating multiple orthogonal channels and multiple directional antennas into the WMN, each node can communicate with its neighbor nodes simultaneously without interference between them. In addition, due to directional antennas, the interference range of each transmission can be significantly reduced and we can further utilize the frequency separation. Hence, we can improve the throughput of the WMN significantly with multiple orthogonal channels and multiple directional antennas. In this paper, we study a joint channel and flow assignment problem for the WMN with multiple channels and multiple directional antennas. We first formulate an optimization problem as a mixed integer optimization problem that aims at maximizing the network utility. Since it is inherently hard to solve the mixed integer optimization problem, we propose a heuristic algorithm to solve the problem. The simulation results show our heuristic algorithm provides a reasonable performance in terms of the network utility compared to its upper bound.
Resonating with Others: The Effects of Self-Construal Type on Motor Cortical Output

“Self-construal” refers to how individuals view and make meaning of the self, and at least two subtypes have been identified. Interdependent self-construal is a view of the self that includes relationships with others, and independent self-construal is a view of the self that does not include relations with others. It has been suggested that priming these two types of self-construal affects the cognitive processing style that an individual adopts, especially with regard to context sensitivity. Specifically, an interdependent self-construal is thought to promote attention to others and social context to a greater degree than an independent self-construal. To investigate this assertion, we elicited motor-evoked potentials with transcranial magnetic stimulation during an action observation task in which human participants were presented with either interdependent or independent self-construal prime words. Priming interdependent self-construal increased motor cortical output whereas priming independent self-construal did not, compared with a no-priming baseline condition. These effects, likely mediated by changes in the mirror system, essentially tune the individual to, or shield the individual from, social input. Interestingly, the pattern of these self-construal-induced changes in the motor system corroborates with previously observed self-construal effects on overt behavioral mimicry in social settings, and as such, our results provide strong evidence that motor resonance likely mediates nonconscious mimicry in social settings. Finally, these self-construal effects may lead to the development of interventions for disorders of deficient or excessive social influence, like certain autism spectrum and compulsive imitative disorders.
New selection operators based on genetic relatedness for evolutionary algorithms

One of the most important decisions that influence the performance of evolutionary algorithms is the way individuals are selected for recombination. Two new selection operators that explore more promising regions of the search space are proposed in order to avoid the search becoming trapped into a local optimum. The first operator is a variant of the proportional selection and the second a variant of the tournament selection - both of them using information about the best ancestor of each individual within the population. In order to prove the efficiency of the proposed operators, several instances of the travelling salesman problem are considered. Experimental results show an acceleration of the search process when using the proposed selection schemes, compared to the most popular existing selection operators. While the first operator performs better only in the first stages of the algorithm, the second outperforms the other selection operators in all its stages.
Postglacial Colonisation Patterns and the Role of Isolation and Expansion in Driving Diversification in a Passerine Bird

Pleistocene glacial cycles play a major role in diversification and speciation, although the relative importance of isolation and expansion in driving diversification remains debated. We analysed mitochondrial DNA sequence data from 15 great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) populations distributed over the vast Eurasian breeding range of the species, and revealed unexpected postglacial expansion patterns from two glacial refugia. There were 58 different haplotypes forming two major clades, A and B. Clade A dominated in Western Europe with declining frequencies towards Eastern Europe and the Middle East, but showed a surprising increase in frequency in Western and Central Asia. Clade B dominated in the Middle East, with declining frequencies towards north in Central and Eastern Europe and was absent from Western Europe and Central Asia. A parsimonious explanation for these patterns is independent postglacial expansions from two isolated refugia, and mismatch distribution analyses confirmed this suggestion. Gene flow analyses showed that clade A colonised both Europe and Asia from a refugium in Europe, and that clade B expanded much later and colonised parts of Europe from a refugium in the Middle East. Great reed warblers in the eastern parts of the range have slightly paler plumage than western birds (sometimes treated as separate subspecies; A. a. zarudnyi and A. a. arundinaceus, respectively) and our results suggest that the plumage diversification took place during the easterly expansion of clade A. This supports the postglacial expansion hypothesis proposing that postglacial expansions drive diversification in comparatively short time periods. However, there is no indication of any (strong) reproductive isolation between clades and our data show that the refugia populations became separated during the last glaciation. This is in line with the Pleistocene speciation hypothesis invoking that much longer periods of time in isolation are needed for speciation to occur.