Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroectodermal differentiation from mouse multipotent adult progenitor cells

We recently showed that a rare cell from murine bone marrow, which we termed multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs), can be expanded for >120 population doublings. Mouse (m)MAPCs differentiate into mesenchymal lineage cells as well as endothelium and endoderm, and, when injected in the blastocyst, mMAPCs contribute to most if not all somatic cell lineages including the different cell types of the brain. Our results, reported herein, demonstrate that mMAPCs can also be induced to differentiate into cells having anatomical and electrophysiological characteristics similar to those of midbrain neurons. Differentiation to a neuronal phenotype was achieved by coculturing mMAPCs with astrocytes, suggesting that neuronal differentiation may require astrocyte-derived factors similar to what is required for the differentiation of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells to neurons. Differentiation of mMAPCs to neuron-like cells follows similar developmental steps as described for embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells. MAPCs therefore may constitute a source of cells for treatment of central nervous system disorders.
A Rank Revealing Randomized Singular Value Decomposition (R3SVD) Algorithm for Low-rank Matrix Approximations

In this paper, we present a Rank Revealing Randomized Singular Value Decomposition (R3SVD) algorithm to incrementally construct a low-rank approximation of a potentially large matrix while adaptively estimating the appropriate rank that can capture most of the actions of the matrix. Starting from a low-rank approximation with an initial guessed rank, R3SVD adopts an orthogonal Gaussian sampling approach to obtain the dominant subspace within the leftover space, which is used to add up to the existing low-rank approximation. Orthogonal Gaussian sampling is repeated until an appropriate low-rank approximation with satisfactory accuracy, measured by the overall energy percentage of the original matrix, is obtained. While being a fast algorithm, R3SVD is also a memory-aware algorithm where the computational process can be decomposed into a series of sampling tasks that use constant amount of memory. Numerical examples in image compression and matrix completion are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of R3SVD in low-rank approximation.
FIVE- AND EIGHT-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN'S RESPONSE TO AUDITORY AND VISUAL DISTRACTION1

This study assessed 5- and 8-year-old children's performance on a short-term memory task under two auditory and two visual distraction conditions, as well as under a nondistraction condition. Performance under nondistraction was found to be superior to that under distraction (p < .001), indicating that the extraneous stimuli had a generally detrimental effect on performance. The comparison between nondistraction and distraction did not interact significantly with age, suggesting little developmental change in distractibility over this age range. The data also indicated a reduction in the effects of the distractors following their initial presentation, implying an adaption to the presence of extraneous stimulation.
The Global Computer Network: Indications of Its Use Worldwide.

Abstract The dramatic increase in the use of the global network is examined through statistics and examples of the involvement of many countries. Despite the explosive growth of Internet use and contrary to the increasingly frequent characterization of the Internet as global, gaps are identified in the international coverage of the network. Evidence of the participation of librarians in the global network is sought through an analysis of subscriber lists for selected library-related listservs. Findings show that representation of librarians from a few countries is very high, while representation of librarians from most countries is low or non-existent. The value of the Internet and the potential role librarians can plan in this evolving environment are discussed.
Ações educativas com enfoque positivo em programa de conservação auditiva e sua avaliação Positive focus in educational interventions in a hearing conservation program and its evaluation

OBJETIVO: avaliar o conhecimento adquirido pelos trabalhadores de uma empresa frigorifica apos uma acao educativa sobre protecao auditiva. METODOS: foram comparadas as atitudes, intencoes e comportamentos de protecao da audicao adotados por 61 trabalhadores pre e pos-treinamento, avaliando a efetividade das mensagens atraves do uso de estimulos positivos. Foram utilizados os questionarios "Crencas e Atitudes sobre Protecao Auditiva e Perda Auditiva", os quais foram aplicados antes e apos a intervencao na forma de treinamento coletivo. RESULTADOS: os escores dos questionarios sobre a percepcao de suscetibilidade de adquirir uma perda auditiva e a percepcao de obstaculos para uma acao preventiva se mostraram associados as variaveis sexo e tempo de empresa; a percepcao de severidade das consequencias de uma perda auditiva associada ao nivel de ruido; normas sociais associada ao tempo de empresa, e a auto-eficacia associada ao resultado da audiometria. CONCLUSAO: o treinamento com enfoque positivo ocasionou mudancas significativas na percepcao de beneficios e de obstaculos de uma acao preventiva em comparacao ao grupo de trabalhadores que nao recebeu treinamento. Esse estudo possibilitara uma intervencao cujo foco sera nas areas consideradas mais deficitarias com a elaboracao de propostas e materiais mais especificos e eficazes para os treinamentos que fazem parte do Programa de Conservacao Auditiva. O uso de um questionario sobre as crencas e atitudes como o selecionado permite a identificacao de temas que necessitam de clarificacao em acoes educativas.
Anti-feminist backlash: The role of system justification in the rejection of feminism

System justification theory (SJT) posits that people are motivated to believe that the social system they live in is fair, desirable, and how it should be, especially in contexts that heighten the system justification motive. Past researchers have suggested that opposition to feminists may be motivated by the threat that feminism presents to the legitimacy of the status quo, but this hypothesis has not been tested empirically. In this article, we present three studies that directly test the idea that antifeminist backlash can be motivated by system justification. Studies 1 and 2 experimentally manipulated the SJ motive and a female target’s feminist identification (feminist vs. nonfeminist). Study 3 tested the hypothesis by measuring participants’ SJ motivation via an individual difference measure. Participants disagreed more with identical statements about gender issues made by the feminist target than the nonfeminist target, but only when the system justification motive was heightened (Study 2) or chronically high (Study 3).
Terrorism and the Fate of Democracy After September 11

even more fragile in this time of crisis as new antiterrorist laws are being passed that make it easier to undermine those basic civil liberties that protect individuals against invasive and potentially repressive government actions. As a result of the horrific events of September 11, civic engagement has reappeared in calls for unity and patriotism and in countless displays of compassion. But there is a dark side to this newfound call for unity. Notions of community are now organized not only around flag-waving displays of patriotism but also around collective fears and an ongoing militarization of visual culture and public space. Notions of democracy increasingly appear to be giving way to the discourse of revenge, domestic security, and war. The political reality that is beginning to emerge from this shattering crisis increasingly points to a set of narrow choices that are being largely set by the jingoistic right wing and fueled by the dominant media. One glaring example can be found in the constant tele-
Generalizability Theory Applied to Categorical Data

The main purposes of the present article are (a) to exemplify a link between Fleiss's multiple-rater kappa or other analogues and the generalizability (G) coefficient for a single facet design, (b) to explore the possible utility and interpretation of G theory in the study of interrater agreement when the data are measured on a nominal scale, and (c) to explain why the G coefficient is preferred in place of the kappa coefficient and its derived forms.
Exploring Decision Makers' Use of Price Information in a Speculative Market

We explore the extent to which the decisions of participants in a speculative market effectively account for information contained in prices and price movements. The horse race betting market is an ideal environment to explore these issues. A conditional logit model is constructed to determine winning probabilities based on bookmakers closing prices and the time-indexed movement of prices to the market close. We incorporate a technique for extracting predictors from price (odds) curves using orthogonal polynomials. The results indicate that closing prices do not fully incorporate market price information, particularly information that is less readily discernable by market participants.
Reflecting on a Critical Pedagogy in MBA Education

This article aims to make a limited contribution to critical pedagogy by focusing on an empirically based evaluation of the difficulties surrounding its potential realization. It discusses the student response to different pedagogical approaches and the institutional context in which pedagogies are implemented. We examine whether it is possible for management teachers to implement a critical pedagogy to a greater extent and potential barriers (and facilitators) to this. We focus on the process, rather than content, of a critical approach. More particularly, the concern is with the possibility of attaining a critical dialogue in MBA teaching towards which both management teachers and students can contribute.
Role of Thy‐1 in in vivo and in vitro neural development and regeneration of dorsal root ganglionic neurons

We have examined the expression of Thy‐1, an abundant glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored glycoprotein, in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and associated nerve fascicles, during postnatal development and following a nerve crush. The expression levels of Thy‐1 in DRG neurons, dorsal roots, and central processes in spinal cord were rather low at postnatal day 2, and gradually increased as DRG neurons matured. During early development, the expression of Thy‐1 within DRG neurons was low and equally distributed between plasma membrane and cytosol. With maturation, the staining intensities of Thy‐1 in both the plasma membrane and the cytosol of DRG neurons became increased. We also studied Thy‐1 expression in the regeneration of mature DRG neurons following the crush injury of sciatic nerve. Two days after the crush injury, Thy‐1 expression dramatically decreased in the DRG neurons on the lesion side. Between 4 and 7 days after the injury, the expression of Thy‐1 gradually increased and returned to a normal level 1 week after the sciatic nerve crush. The time course of the up‐regulation of Thy‐1 expression during regeneration matched that of the recovery of sensory functions, such as pain withdraw reflex, placing reflex, and the score of Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan Locomotor Rating Scale. Taken together, our results suggest that Thy‐1 expression is developmentally regulated and is closely associated with the functional maturation of DRG neurons during both postnatal development and nerve regeneration. Furthermore, perturbation of Thy‐1 function with anti‐Thy‐1 antibodies promoted neurite outgrowth from primary cultured DRG neurons, again confirming the inhibitory role of Thy‐1 on neurite outgrowth. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conservation and diversification of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) proteins in the green lineage

The polycomb group (PcG) proteins are key epigenetic regulators of gene expression in animals and plants. They act in multiprotein complexes, of which the best characterized is the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which catalyses the trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) at chromatin targets. In Arabidopsis thaliana, PRC2 proteins are involved in the regulation of diverse developmental processes, including cell fate determination, vegetative growth and development, flowering time control and embryogenesis. Here, we systematically analysed the evolutionary conservation and diversification of PRC2 components in lower and higher plants. We searched for and identified PRC2 homologues from the sequenced genomes of several green lineage species, from the unicellular green alga Ostreococcus lucimarinus to more complicated angiosperms. We found that some PRC2 core components, e.g. E(z), ESC/FIE and MSI/p55, are ancient and have multiplied coincidently with multicellular evolution. For one component, some members are newly formed, especially in the Cruciferae. During evolution, higher plants underwent copy number multiplication of various PRC2 components, which occurred independently for each component, without any obvious co-amplification of PRC2 members. Among the amplified members, usually one was well-conserved and the others were more diversified. Gene amplification occurred at different times for different PcG members during green lineage evolution. Certain PRC2 core components or members of them were highly conserved. Our study provides an insight into the evolutionary conservation and diversification of PcG proteins and may guide future functional characterization of these important epigenetic regulators in plants other than Arabidopsis.
The Integrated Conglomerate Approach . A Suggestion for a generic model of design research

In this essay the 'Integrated Conglomerate Method' is brought forward as a generic model for design research. Integrated: integrated in practical activities, spiral from tacit to explicit to tacit. Learning through doing. Exploration through practice. Practical work fuelled by theory. Theory derived form practical investigations. Conglomerate: means to apply the adequate method to the theme or the part problem at hand. Triangulation of conglomerate findings from scientific and practical investigations is the glue that relates the partial explorations to each other and gives the research generic value.
Supporting the development of risk-taking behaviours in the early years: an exploratory study

Children's opportunities for independent play in natural outdoor spaces, and the associated opportunities to take and negotiate risk, are being eroded despite potential links between such play and the development of positive learning dispositions. This paper reports the findings of an exploratory study that documented the risk-taking behaviours displayed by four-year-old children in the natural environment of a Forest School and within their school outdoor play-space. The data indicated that the Forest School environment was better able to support the development of positive risk-taking behaviours. The environmental features that may have contributed to the observed behaviours are considered.
Bone turnover markers predict bone mass development in young adult men: a five-year longitudinal study.

CONTEXT Peak bone mass is an important factor for the lifetime risk of developing osteoporosis. Ways to predict bone development in young adulthood are lacking. Objective and Main Outcome Measures: The aim of this study was to investigate whether baseline measurements of bone turnover markers could predict bone development in early adulthood in men. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In total, 817 men (age at baseline, 18.9 ± 0.6 y; mean ± SD) from the population-based Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants Study were included in this 5-year longitudinal study. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and volumetric BMD (vBMD) and cortical bone size were measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Blood samples were collected at the baseline visit, and levels of osteocalcin (OC) and N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were analyzed. RESULTS OC was a positive predictor of the increase in aBMD and BMC of the total body (R(2): aBMD, 6.6%; BMC, 4.9%), lumbar spine (R(2): aBMD, 5.4%; BMC, 5.7%), and radius (R(2): aBMD, 14.8%; BMC, 12.8%) between 19 and 24 years (P < .001). Men in the highest OC quartile at baseline (35.2 ± 4.4 ng/mL; mean ± SD) gained markedly more in radius cortical cross-sectional area (4.0 ± 4.3 vs 1.9 ± 2.9 mm(2)) and trabecular vBMD (11 ± 7 vs 3 ± 12 mg/mm(3)) than men in the lowest OC quartile at baseline (17.7 ± 2.3 ng/mL; mean ± SD) (P < .001). CONCLUSION A high OC level at the age of 19 predicts a favorable development in BMD, BMC, and bone size between 19 and 24 years of age.
‘I’m being measured as an NQT, that isn’t who I am’: an exploration of the experiences of career changer primary teachers in their first year of teaching

Individuals moving from job to job are argued as a feature of reflexive modernity. This trend is reflected in the increasing number and diversity of ‘career changers’ or ‘second career teachers’ recruited to teaching. Having recruited teachers, retaining them in the profession is recognised as a considerable challenge. In terms of retention, the induction year and the role of the NQT (Newly Qualified Teacher) mentor are increasingly seen as significant in meeting this challenge. The research focus on the experience of career changers in teaching has largely been on those moving into the secondary phase. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the experiences of three primary school NQT career changers from a PGCE primary programme at a university in England. It adds to the considerable literature on how NQTs generally come to identify with and through the culture of the school. The experiences of the participants’ first year of teaching in their respective primary schools are explored through a constructive grounded theory methodology. It recounts their reality in line with the view that if human beings define situations as real they are real in their consequences. The data are argued as local and detailed rather than representing a universal truth, a partial reality which can be drawn upon to illuminate the bigger picture for primary career changers. Analysis, which was initially inductive draws on notions from Lave and Wenger’s and Wenger’s work on communities of practice ‘legitimate peripheral participation’ and ‘leverage’ and their significance for job satisfaction in the NQT year. The research found that ‘being managed’ emerged as the key concern for the NQTs. In addition, their positioning in relation to their previous work experience was significant in achieving job satisfaction. Those who saw themselves as experienced newcomers and wished their previous work experience to be acknowledged found that it was variably capitalised upon in primary teaching. There is also a suggestion here that being ‘different’ in this paper – male or gay teachers was problematic. The findings have implications for teacher trainers and NQT mentors in that it offers a perspective on the range of experiences career changer NQTs bring with them to teaching.
Group Interactional Processes: Individual and Group Level Effects

Though it is generally held that groups can influence individual behavior and affective responses, the majority of group studies fail to test for such effects. Using data collected at an individual level to make inferences con cerning the effects of group level processes on individual behavior and atti tudes often results in unrecognized inaccuracies. Similarly, operation alizing group constructs through within-group aggregation of individual responses across groups for inferential purposes is also problematic. This article demonstrates a multilevel approach for examining the individual and group level influences of a social interaction variable on various indi vidual outcomes. In doing so, it illustrates a means for simultaneously considering micro and macro organizational phenomena.
The use of the NextGen model atmospheres for cool giants in a light curve synthesis code

We have written a light curve synthesis code that makes direct use of model atmosphere specific intensities, in particular the NextGen model atmosphere grid for cool gi- ants (Te 6800 K and log(g) 3:5, Hauschildt et al. 1999). We point out that these models (computed using spherical ge- ometry) predict a limb darkening behaviour that deviates signif- icantly from a simple linear or two-parameter law (there is less intensity at the limb of the star). The presence of a significantly nonlinear limb darkening law has two main consequences. First, the ellipsoidal light curve computed for a tidally distorted gi- ant using the NextGen intensities is in general different from the light curve computed using the same geometry but with the black body approximation and a one- or two-parameter limb darkening law. In most cases the light curves computed with the NextGen intensities have deeper minima than their black body counterparts. Thus the light curve solutions for binaries with a giant component obtained with models with near lin- ear limb darkening (either black body or plane-parallel model atmosphere intensities) are biased. Observations over a wide wavelength range (i.e. both the optical and infrared) are par- ticularly useful in discriminating between models with nearly linear limb darkening and the NextGen models. Second, we show that rotational broadening kernels for Roche lobe filling (or nearly filling) giants can be significantly different from an- alytic kernels due to a combination of the nonspherical shape of the star and the radical departure from a simple limb dark- ening law. As a result, geometrical information inferred from Vrot sin i measurements of cool giants in binary systems are likewise biased.
Integral Cryptanalysis of the Block Cipher E2

Block cipher E2, designed and submitted by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, is a first-round Advanced Encryption Standard candidate. It employs a Feistel structure as global structure and two-layer substitution-permutation network structure in round function with initial transformation IT function before the first round and final transformation FT function after the last round. The design principles influences several more recent block ciphers including Camellia, an ISO/IEC standard cipher. In this paper, we focus on the key-recovery attacks on reduced-round E2-128/192 taking both IT and FT functions in consideration with integral cryptanalysis. We first improve the relations between zero-correlation linear approximations and integral distinguishers, and then deduce some integral distinguishers from zero-correlation linear approximations over 6 rounds of E2. Furthermore, we apply these integral distinguishers to break 6-round E2-128 with 2^{120} known plaintexts (KPs), 2^{115.4} encryptions and 2^{28} bytes memory. In addition, the attack on 7-round E2-192 requires 2^{120} KPs, 2^{167.2} encryptions and 2^{60} bytes memory.