Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Injury severity in patients with facial fractures and concomitant injuries

Introduction : Facial fractures in combination with other serious injuries occur in a significant proportion of trauma patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate injury severity and its determinants in facial fracture patients presenting with associated injuries. Patient and Methods : a retrospective study was carried out in 110 patients, in a university hospital in Burkina Faso. Results : Two-wheel motor vehicle collisions were by far the main aetiology. Cranial injuries and limb fractures were the most common associated injuries. The injury severity score (ISS) ranged between 5 and 75 (mean 11.1, SD 8.3). Severe injury, defined as ISS above 15, was recorded in 13.6% of the patients. Death was recorded in two patients, giving a mortality rate of 1.8%. There was a statistically significant association between the ISS and multiple facial fractures (p = 0.001). Discussion : Given the retrospective character and the limited sample size of this study, the IS and its determinants could have been underestimated. However this work provides knowledge on the IS in patients presenting with facial fractures and concomitant injuries, in Burkina Faso. The findings of this study indicate the need for special attention in patients presenting with multiple facial fractures in the emergency room.
Psychological treatment of depression in primary care: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Although most depressive disorders are treated in primary care and several studies have examined the effects of psychological treatment in primary care, hardly any meta-analytic research has been conducted in which the results of these studies are integrated. AIM To integrate the results of randomised controlled trials of psychological treatment of depression in adults in primary care, and to compare these results to psychological treatments in other settings. DESIGN OF STUDY A meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of psychological treatments of adult depression in primary care. SETTING Primary care. METHOD An existing database of studies on psychological treatments of adult depression that was built on systematic searches in PubMed, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and Dissertation Abstracts International was used. Randomised trials were included in which the effects of psychological treatments on adult primary care patients with depression were compared to a control condition. RESULTS In the 15 included studies, the standardised mean effect size of psychological treatment versus control groups was 0.31 (95% CI = 0.17 to 0.45), which corresponds with a numbers-needed-to-treat (NNT) of 5.75. Studies in which patients were referred by their GP for treatment had significantly higher effect sizes (d = 0.43; NNT = 4.20) than studies in which patients were recruited through systematic screening (d = 0.13, not significantly different from zero; NNT = 13.51). CONCLUSIONS Although the number of studies was relatively low and the quality varied, psychological treatment of depression was found to be effective in primary care, especially when GPs refer patients with depression for treatment.
Employee Benefits and Stock Returns: A Look at Health Care Benefits

This study finds firms that pay their employeesâ€™ health-care premiums earn average positive risk premiums and positive risk-adjusted excess returns. The problem of the study is to analyze risk premiums and risk adjusted returns of an equal-weighted portfolio of firms that pay 100% of their employeeâ€™s health-care premiums. The results show that the portfolio average risk premiums are positive and greater than the market risk premiums from 2007 to 2011 (except 2008). The portfolio average risk-adjusted excess returns are positive for the 3-year holding period intervals and statistically significant for the 5- year holding period. The implication of this study is that it is important for firms to invest in their people in the form of competitive compensation package, and this investment will pay off in the long run as evidenced from the capital market.
The Impact of Fiscal Rules on Public Finances: Theory and Empirical Evidence for the Euro Area

This paper presents a review of the most significant fiscal rules policymakers can choose from. The insights from this review are then applied to the current budgetary situation of the European Union. In the European Union, the supranational Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) should provide the necessary guidance in limiting governmental borrowing by member states. In addition to the SGP, European countries are implementing various other fiscal rules that bind central, regional and local governments. We provide empirical estimates of the effect of fiscal rules on fiscal balance, government spending and government revenues, using a Fiscal Rule Index. We find that fiscal rules have some effect on fiscal balances.
Fast and automatic city-scale environment modeling for an accurate 6DOF vehicle localization

To provide high quality augmented reality service in a car navigation system, accurate 6DoF localization is required. To ensure such accuracy, most of current vision-based solutions rely on an off-line large scale modeling of the environment. Nevertheless, while existing solutions require expensive equipments and/or a prohibitive computation time, we propose in this paper a complete framework that automatically builds an accurate city scale database using only a standard camera, a GPS and Geographic Information System (GIS). As illustrated in the experiments, only few minutes are required to model large scale environments. The resulting databases can then be used during a localization algorithm for high quality Augmented Reality experiences.
[Malaria situation in the People's Republic of China in 2012].

OBJECTIVE To analyze malaria situation and epidemic characteristics in 2012 in China, and provide evidence and reference for National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) performance. METHODS The epidemiological data of malaria cases reported through the annual malaria statistics reporting system in 2012 were collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and ArcGIS 10.0. RESULTS Totally 2,718 malaria cases were reported from 620 counties of 31 Provinces/Municipalities/Autonomous Regions (P/M/A) in 2012, representing 39.3% reduction compared with 4,479 cases in 2011, and the annual incidence was 0.020 2/10,000. The cases were mainly reported from provinces of Yunnan (31.4%, 853/2,718), Guangxi (8.1%, 220/2,718), Jiangsu (7.3%, 198/2,718), Hunan (5.8%, 158/2,718), and Sichuan (5.7%, 155/2,718). Among the 620 counties with reported cases, 8 counties including Motuo (8.1818/10,000) in Tibet, Ruili (8.248 9/10,000), Yingjiang (3.021 4/10,000), Longchuan (1.4778/10,000), Mangshi (1.4244/10,000), Tengchong (3.1601/10,000) and Cangyuan (1.340 0/10,000) in Yunnan, and Shanglin (2.355 1/10,000) in Guangxi had an incidence between 1/10,000 and 10/10,000, 96 counties had an incidence between 0.1/10,000 and 1/10,000, and that of the others was below 0.1/10,000. The laboratory confirmed cases took 95.6% (2.599/2,718) while the other 4.4% (119/2,718) were clinically diagnosed. In detail, 39.7% (1080/2,718) were P. vivax cases, 52.2% (1.419/2,718) were P. falciparum cases, 1.6%(44/2,718) were mixed infection of P. vivax and P. falciparum, and 2.1% (56/2,718) were P. ovale and P. malariae cases. However, the proportions of lab-confirmed cases in Xinjiang, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Tibet, Ningxia, Shanxi and Qinghai were below 75.0%. A total of 182 (6.7%, 182/2,718) indigenous cases were reported from 41 counties in 5 provinces including 20 counties of Yunnan, 15 counties of Anhui, 4 counties of Hubei, 1 county of Tibet and 1 county of Guangxi, consisting of 38 (20.9%, 38/182) clinically diagnosed cases (30 cases from Yunnan and 8 from Tibet), 133 (73.1%, 133/182) P. vivax cases (92 cases from Yunnan, 30 from Anhui, 9 from Hubei, 1 from Guangxi and 1 from Tibet), and 9 (4.9%, 9/182) P. falciparum cases as well as 2 (1.1%, 2/182) mixed infections from Yunnan. The incidence of indigenous cases between 1/10,000 and 10/10,000 was found only in Motuo County of Tibet, and that of the others was below 1/10,000. Out of the 2,718 malaria cases, a proportion of 91.0% (2,474/2,718) were reported as the abroad-imported cases who distributed in 29 provinces, and the remaining 2.3% (62/2,718) were domestically-mobile cases reported from 10 provinces. Totally 145 (5.3%, 145/2,718) severe cases were reported from 15 provinces and 15 (0.6%, 15/2,718) malaria deaths were from 11 provinces. CONCLUSION Generally the indigenous malaria was reduced closer to the NMEP target, while malaria importation becomes an increasing challenge.
Contemporary political sociology : globalization, politics, and power

1. Changing Definitions of Politics and Power . 1.1 The Marxist Tradition of Political Sociology. 1.2 The Weberian Tradition of Political Sociology. 1.3 The Durkheimian Tradition of Political Sociology. 1.4 Focauldian Definitions of Power and Politics. 1.5 Cultural Politics. 2. Politics in a Small World . 2.1 Explaining Globalization. 2.2 State Transformation and Imperialism. 2.3 We are the World? 3. Social Movements . 3.1 Resource Mobilization Theory and Beyond. 3.2 New Social Movement Theory: Conflict and Culture. 3.3 Toward a Synthesis: The Definition of "Social Movement". 3.4 Global Social Movements. 4. Citizenship . 4.1 T. H. Marshall: Citizenship, Social Class, and the Nation-State. 4.2 Citizenship, Wealth, and Poverty. 4.3 Citizenship, Sex, and Sexuality. 4.4 Citizenship, Racialization, and Ethnicity. 4.5 Post-National Citizenship? 5. Globalization and Democracy . 5.1 Democracy in Crisis: Political Parties and Elections. 5.2 Democracy, Human Rights, and International Political Institutions. 5.3 Global Civil Society. 5.4 Democracy and Cultural Politics. Glossary. References. Index.
Do Mothers Decide? The Impact of Preferences in Healthcare

In this study we analyze whether immigrant mothers in Norway can influence their mode of delivery. Patient preferences were measured as the rate of Caesarean section from their home country, and by a survey question measuring the extent to which people believe they have freedom of choice and control over their lives in their home country. Preferences have a causal effect on the likelihood of Caesarean section. Medical risk factors are still the most important reasons for having a Caesarean section, but our regression estimates show that a substantial share of Caesarean sections is due to preferences as well.
The ISMS Business Environment Elaboration Using a UML Approach

The paper deals with software development for supporting information security management, particularly the modeling of the business environment of the organization implementing Information Security Management System (ISMS). The ISMS, based on the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) model, was defined in the BS7799-2:2002 standard. The paper focuses on the identification of the ISMS business environment that provides appropriate positioning of the ISMS within the organization. The general model of the ISMS business environment based on the high-level risk analysis was presented. The UML approach allows to implement the ISMS within organizations in a more consistent and efficient way and to create supporting tools improving information security management.
Sequestosome 1/p62 Protein Is Associated with Autophagic Removal of Excess Hepatic Endoplasmic Reticulum in Mice*

Xenobiotics exposure increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proliferation and cytochrome P-450 (CYP) induction to sustain metabolic requirements. Whether autophagy is essential for the removal of excess ER and CYP and whether an autophagy receptor is involved in this process in mammals remains elusive. In this study, we show that autophagy is induced in mouse livers after withdrawal of the hepatic mitogen 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP). Although isolated autophagosomes, autolysosomes, and lysosomes from mouse livers after withdrawal of TCPOBOP contained ER proteins, those in control mouse livers did not. Liver-specific Atg5 knockout mice had higher basal hepatic ER content that was further increased and sustained after withdrawal of TCPOBOP compared with wild-type mice. In addition to regulating ER degradation, our results also suggest that autophagy plays a role in regulating the homeostasis of hepatic CYP because blocking autophagy led to increased CYP2B10 accumulation either at the basal level or following TCPOBOP withdrawal. Furthermore, we found that the autophagy receptor protein sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/p62 is associated with the ER. After withdrawal of TCPOBOP, p62 knockout mice had increased ER content in the liver compared with wild-type mice. These results suggest that p62 may act as an autophagy receptor for the autophagic removal of excess ER in the mouse liver. Taken together, our results indicate that autophagy is important for the removal of excess ER and hepatic CYP enzymes in mouse livers, a process associated with the autophagy receptor protein p62.
A low-cost, high-field-strength magnetic resonance imaging–compatible actuator

To perform minimally invasive surgical interventions with the aid of robotic systems within a magnetic resonance imaging scanner offers significant advantages compared to conventional surgery. However, despite the numerous exciting potential applications of this technology, the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging–compatible robotics has been hampered by safety, reliability and cost concerns: the robots should not be attracted by the strong magnetic field of the scanner and should operate reliably in the field without causing distortion to the scan data. Development of non-conventional sensors and/or actuators is thus required to meet these strict operational and safety requirements. These demands commonly result in expensive actuators, which mean that cost effectiveness remains a major challenge for such robotic systems. This work presents a low-cost, high-field-strength magnetic resonance imaging–compatible actuator: a pneumatic stepper motor which is controllable in open loop or closed loop, along with a rotary encoder, both fully manufactured in plastic, which are shown to perform reliably via a set of in vitro trials while generating negligible artifacts when imaged within a standard clinical scanner.
How Different is Japanese Corporate Finance? An Investigation of the Information Content of New Security Issues

This paper studies the shareholder wealth effects associated with 875 new security issues in Japan from January 1, 1985 to May 31, 1991. The sample includes public equity, private equity, rights offerings, straight debt, warrant debt and convertible debt issues. Contrary to the U.S., the announcement of convertible debt issues is accompanied by a significant positive abnormal return of 1.05%. The announcement of equity issues has a positive abnormal return of 0.45%, significant at the 0.10 level, but this positive abnormal return can be attributed to one year in our sample and is offset by a negative issue date abnormal return of -1.01%. The abnormal returns are negatively related to firm size, so that for equity issues (but not for convertible debt issues), large Japanese firms have significant negative announcement abnormal returns. Our evidence is consistent with the view that Japanese managers decide to issue shares based on different considerations than American managers.
ANALYSIS OF CONSTRAINTS IN RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY IN MULTIPLE CROPPING SYSTEM BY SMALL-HOLDER FARMERS IN EBONYI STATE OF NIGERIA

The constraints militating against the small-holder farmers in multiple-cropping system in Ebonyi State, Nigeria were analysed. A mult-stage sampling technique was adopted to select and administer questionnaire to 240 small-holder multiple-croppers. Data were collected and analysed using descriptive statistics. High lease charge (45%), problem of land fragmentation (35%), low fertility of the land (78%), distance of cultivable land (52%) and sex discrimination (100%) were constraints militating against efficiency of land use. The constraints against efficient labour use were high cost of labour, emigration, sex discrimination and other competing labour use each constituted 23%, 22%, 19% and 14% respectively. Result on constraints against capital use showed that non-availability of improved varieties of yam and cocoyam, high cost of modern inputs, lack of adequate finance and lack of collaterals among others served as major constraints, which constituted29%, 36%, 33% and 22% respectively. The study confirmed that multiple-cropping system would have been more efficient if these constraints were reduced or eradicated. Effective extension services as well as efficient policy formulation and implementation by government area recommended. KEY WORDS: Resource use, efficiency, multiple-cropping, Small-holder, Ebonyi State. Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.2(2) 2003: 132-136
Ethyl 2-(3,4-dimethyl-5,5-dioxo-1H,4H-benzo[e]pyrazolo[4,3-c][1,2]thiazin-1-yl)acetate

In the title molecule, C15H17N3O4S, the heterocyclic thiazine ring adopts a twist-boat conformation, which differs from that in related compounds, with adjacent S and C atoms displaced by 0.981 (4) and 0.413 (5) Å, respectively, on the same side of the mean plane formed by the remaining ring atoms. The mean plane of the benzene ring makes a dihedral angle of 23.43 (14)° with the mean plane of the pyrazole ring. In the crystal, molecules are connected by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network. The H atoms of the methyl group attached to the pyrazole ring were refined over six sites with equal occupancies.
Cognitive training for persons with mild cognitive impairment

ABSTRACT Recent randomized control trials and meta-analyses of experimental studies indicate positive effects of non-pharmacological cognitive training on the cognitive function of healthy older adults. Furthermore, a large-scale randomized control trial with older adults, independent at entry, indicated that training delayed their cognitive and functional decline over a five-year follow-up. This supports cognitive training as a potentially efficient method to postpone cognitive decline in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Most of the research on the effect of cognitive training in MCI has reported increased performance following training on objective measures of memory whereas a minority reported no effect of training on objective cognitive measures. Interestingly, some of the studies that reported a positive effect of cognitive training in persons with MCI have observed large to moderate effect size. However, all of these studies have limited power and few have used long-term follow-ups or functional impact measures. Overall, this review highlights a need for a well-controlled randomized trial to assess the efficacy of cognitive training in MCI. It also raises a number of unresolved issues including proper outcome measures, issues of generalization and choice of intervention format.
Internationalization of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises: a multi case study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the determinants of the internationalization of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). More specifically, it is to test the effects of entrepreneurship and networking relationship on the internationalization pattern of SMEs from an emerging economy, Brazil.Design/methodology/approach – The study was designed to be qualitative, using a sample of three companies from the manufacturing industries, with significant involvement in foreign markets.Findings – The study has shown that the importance of entrepreneurs and network relationship are important factors for the understanding of the internationalization's pattern of SMEs. Furthermore, the performance of internationalization depends largely on the ability of companies to relate innovative and proactive international behavior to learning's process through the maintenance of national and international networking.Originality/value – Most empirical studies have been concentrated to evaluate and address thi.
Excess Commuting in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area: Measurement and Policy Simulations

In this paper data from the 1985 Japanese Population Census are used to measure 'excess' commuting among 211 origin and destination points in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Using an approach developed by Hamilton, it is found that about 90 per cent of commuting time in Tokyo is excess. Using White's method only about 15 per cent of commuting time is excess. Sensitivity analyses reveal that the results are not very sensitive to the major assumptions of the analyses. The findings are compared and contrasted with Small and Song's results for the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Several simulations are used to examine the effect of decentralisation of employment on commuting behaviour and it is found that commuting time could be significantly reduced by decentralising jobs or centralising workers.
Downturn Credit Portfolio Risk, Regulatory Capital and Prudential Incentives

This paper analyzes the level and cyclicality of bank capital requirement in relation to (i) the model methodologies through-the-cycle and point-in-time, (ii) four distinct downturn loss rate given default concepts, and (iii) US corporate and mortgage loans. The major finding is that less accurate models may lead to a lower bank capital requirement for real estate loans. In other words, the current capital regulations may not support the development of credit portfolio risk measurement models as these would lead to higher capital requirements and hence lower lending volumes. The finding explains why risk measurement techniques in real estate lending may be less developed than in other credit risk instruments. In addition, various policy recommendations for prudential regulators are made.
Market Power in Radio Markets: An Empirical Analysis of Local and National Concentration*

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 contains provisions that allow increasing levels of concentration in local radio markets. Debate has focused on whether allowing greater concentration of broadcast media resources into fewer hands is a sound public policy. One fear of regulators is the effect of increased concentration on the market power of radio stations. Concentrating on intraindustry variations, this paper systematically assesses the link between radio station profitability and market concentration. The underlying assumption of the empirical analysis is that sale price (or present value) of the radio station includes the present value of future profits. The results do not support a strong relationship between increases in concentration and the profitability of radio stations, although we find group ownership to increase efficiency.
An Exploration of Neural Networks and Its Application to Real Estate Valuation

This research applies neural network (NN) technology to real estate appraisal and compares the performance of two NN models in estimating the sales price of residential properties with a traditional multiple regression model. The study is based on 288 sales of homes in Fort Collins, Colorado. Results do not support previous findings that NNs are a superior tool for appraisal analysis. Furthermore, significant problems were encountered with the NN models: inconsistent results between packages, inconsistent results between runs of the same package, and long run times. Any appraiser who plans on using this new technology would do so with caution.