Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information geometries and Microeconomic Theories

More than thirty years ago, Charnes, Cooper and Schinnar (1976) established an enlightening contact between economic production functions (EPFs) -- a cornerstone of neoclassical economics -- and information theory, showing how a generalization of the Cobb-Douglas production function encodes homogeneous functions. As expected by Charnes \textit{et al.}, the contact turns out to be much broader: we show how information geometry as pioneered by Amari and others underpins static and dynamic descriptions of microeconomic cornerstones. We show that the most popular EPFs are fundamentally grounded in a very weak axiomatization of economic transition costs between inputs. The strength of this characterization is surprising, as it geometrically bonds altogether a wealth of collateral economic notions -- advocating for applications in various economic fields --: among all, it characterizes (i) Marshallian and Hicksian demands and their geometric duality, (ii) Slutsky-type properties for the transformation paths, (iii) Roy-type properties for their elementary variations.
Accelerating convolution-based detection model on GPU

Convolution-based detection models (CDM) have achieved tremendous success in computer vision in last few years, such as deformable part-based models (DPM) and convolutional neural networks (CNN). The simplicity of these models allows for very large scale training to achieve higher robustness and recognition performance. However, the main bottleneck of those powerful state-of-the-art models is the unacceptable computational cost of the convolution in model training and evaluation, which has become a major limitation in many practical applications. In this paper, we accelerate the convolution-based detection models with the mathematic and parallel techniques. On one hand, the convolution operation in the spatial space is converted to the dot product operation in the frequency domain for less computational cost. On the other hand, the data and tasks parallelized on graphical process units (GPU) reduce the computational time further. Experimental results on the public dataset Pascal VOC demonstrate that we can use commodity GPU to speed up the whole convolution process by 2.13x to 4.31x, compared to the multithreaded implementation on CPU.
Indigenous Development in the Andes: Culture, Power, and Transnationalism

List of Maps and Tables vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction: Indigenous Development in the Andes 1 1. Development, Transnational Networks, and Indigenous Politics 23 2. Development-with-Identity: Social Capital and Andean Culture 53 3. Development in Place: Ethnic Culture in the Transnational Local 80 4. Neoliberalisms, Transnational Water Politics, and Indigenous People 125 5. Transnational Professionalization of Indigenous Actors and Knowledge 157 6. Gender, Transnationalism, and Cultures of Development 195 Conclusion: Transnationalism, Development, and Culture in Theory and Practice 223 Appendix 1: Methodology and Research Design 247 Appendix 2: Development-Agency Initiatives for Andean Indigenous Peoples, 1990-2002 249 Appendix 3: Professional Biographies of Teachers in Interculturalism 253 Acronyms and Abbreviations 257 Notes 263 Bibliography 297 Index 335
Welcome to the Machine: Firms' Reaction to Low-Skilled Immigration

We assess the impact of low-skilled immigration on capital intensity. We first present a model characterized by frictions in the labor market and firms' asymmetric information on workers' skills and show that firms can react to the immigration-induced reduction of their workforce's skill level by increasing the capital-labor ratio. We test the predictions of the model on a sample of Italian manufacturing firms over the period 1996-2007, finding that increased immigration of low-skilled workers from developing countries, measured at the provincial level and instrumented with pre-existing enclaves of immigrants and network effects, raises capital intensity. In line with the predictions of the theoretical model, the impact of immigration, which is quite robust across empirical specifications, is stronger for larger firms and in skill-intensive sectors.
Radial symmetric solutions of the Cahn-Hilliard equation with degenerate mobility

In this paper we study the radial symmetric solutions of the two-dimensional Cahn-Hilliard equation with degenerate mobility. We adopt the method of parabolic regularization. After establishing some necessary uniform estimates on the approxi- mate solutions, we prove the existence and the nonnegativity of weak solutions. Keywords. Cahn-Hilliard equation, radial solution, degenerate mobility, nonnega- tivity. AMS Classication: 5G25, 35Q99, 35K9, 82B26
Dynalize: Dynamic Analysis of Mobile Apps in a Platform-as-a-Service Cloud

Ensuring the software quality of mobile applications with respect to performance, robustness, energy consumption, security and privacy is an important problem for a growing researcher and developer community. In this paper, we present Dynalize, a Platform-as-a-Service cloud for the dynamic analysis of mobile applications. It allows researchers and developers to investigate mobile applications at runtime in a virtual device cloud and to publish the performed analyses as web services. In contrast to existing approaches, it makes use of container virtualization on top of Infrastructure-as-a-Service instances, enabling dynamic provisioning and fast deployment of dynamic analyses. A custom container layout and a novel storage solution on the virtual server layer ensures cost- and runtime-efficient large-scale analyses of thousands of apps. The applicability of Dynalize is demonstrated by a security analysis of about 6,000 Android applications. Experiments on container startup, virtual device to container throughput and different storage back ends show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
THE BENEFITS AND COSTS OF IF-THEN PLANNING

A lthough the relationship between goals and behavior is substantial (Webb & Sheeran, 2006), even very motivated individuals at times fai! to act on their goals. In this chapter, we discuss the role of plans in linking goals with actual behavior. We focus specifically on a certain type of plan, an if-then plan known as an implementation intention, and review its place in the course of goal striving. We review the mechanisms underlying the effects of implementation intentions. Then, we address the benefits and costs associated with these mechanisms of implementation intentions, as weIl as if-then planning in general. Last, we discuss what personal and situational factors moderate the effectiveness of implementation intentions, as weIl as the formation of implementation intentions.
Evidence of Earnings Inequality Based on Caste in Nepal

type="main"> In this article, the monthly earnings gap between Dalit and non-Dalit caste members in Nepal is estimated using two methods: Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method and the matching-based nonparametric decomposition method. The nonparametric decomposition method estimates the monthly earnings gap based on a one-to-many matching of the given income-generating characteristics, taking into account the differences in the support of the distribution of those characteristics for Dalits and non-Dalits. According to the results, the majority of the earnings gap between Dalits and non-Dalits is attributed to the endowment effect. Dalits earn less than non-Dalits because Dalits have some characteristics that non-Dalits do not, that are unfavorable in the labor market. That this endowment effect works against Dalits could be a reflection of the social exclusion and job segregation faced by Dalits in the past.
A Survey of the Gene Repertoire of Gigaspora rosea Unravels Conserved Features among Glomeromycota for Obligate Biotrophy

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are a diverse group of soil fungi (Glomeromycota) that form the most ancient mutualistic association termed AM symbiosis with a majority of land plants, improving their nutrition uptake and resistance to stresses. In contrast to their great ecological implications, the knowledge of the molecular biological mechanisms involved is still scant, partly due to the limited genomic resources available. Here, we describe the gene repertoire of a new AM fungus Gigaspora rosea (Diversisporales). Among the 86332 non-redundant virtual transcripts assembled, 15346 presented similarities with proteins in the Refseq database and 10175 were assigned with GO terms. KOG and Interpro domain annotations clearly showed an enrichment of genes involved in signal transduction in G. rosea. KEGG pathway analysis indicates that most primary metabolic processes are active in G. rosea. However, as for Rhizophagus irregularis, several metabolic genes were not found, including the fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene. This finding supports the hypothesis that AM fungi depend on the lipids produced by their hosts. Furthermore, the presence of a large number of transporters and 100s of secreted proteins, together with the reduced number of plant cell wall degrading enzymes could be interpreted as an evolutionary adaptation to its mutualistic obligate biotrophy. The detection of meiosis-related genes suggests that G. rosea might use a cryptic sexual process. Lastly, a phylogeny of basal fungi clearly shows Glomeromycota as a sister clade to Mucoromycotina, not only to the Mucorales or Mortierellales. The characterization of the gene repertoire from an AM fungal species belonging to the order of Diversisporales and its comparison with the gene sets of R. irregularis (Glomerales) and Gigaspora margarita (Diversisporales), reveal that AM fungi share several features linked to mutualistic obligate biotrophy. This work contributes to lay the foundation for forthcoming studies into the genomics of Diversisporales, and also illuminates the utility of comparing gene repertoires of species from Diversisporales and other clades of Glomeromycota to gain more insights into the genetics and evolution of this fungal group.
Atomistic Simulation of Realistically Sized Nanodevices Using NEMO 3-D—Part II: Applications

In part I, the development and deployment of a general nanoelectronic modeling tool (NEMO 3-D) has been discussed. Based on the atomistic valence-force field and the sp3d5s* nearest neighbor tight-binding models, NEMO 3-D enables the computation of strain and electronic structure in nanostructures consisting of more than 64 and 52 million atoms, corresponding to volumes of (110 nm)3 and (101 nm)3, respectively. In this part, successful applications of NEMO 3-D are demonstrated in the atomistic calculation of single-particle electronic states of the following realistically sized nanostructures: 1) self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) including long-range strain and piezoelectricity; 2) stacked quantum dot system as used in quantum cascade lasers; 3) SiGe quantum wells (QWs) for quantum computation; and 4) SiGe nanowires. These examples demonstrate the broad NEMO 3-D capabilities and indicate the necessity of multimillion atomistic electronic structure modeling.
The long Interesting Tail of indie TV

We describe a scenario of independent TV programme dissemination where viewers receive their own tailored channel created from content in which they’re interested. We focus primarily on the problem of distributing the content from the producers to all interested viewers. Our approach is based on a multicast scheme called implicit group messaging, realised as a distributed structured peer-to-peer network
Early developmental screening in high-risk communities: Implications for research and child welfare policy

Early detection of developmental delays in children living in high-risk communities enables effective intervention and promotes positive outcomes. Until now, the mechanisms by which these risks and benefits arise and persist have yet to be documented from a synergistic perspective. We take a dynamic, ecological theoretical approach to examine the interplay between developmental surveillance, professional support and parental understanding of children's developmental progress. The Regional ASQ Developmental Screening Project* used geo-mapping to target the highest risk communities in three metropolitan Detroit counties. Statistical analyses using paired t tests compared screening results for 1,640 children in high-risk communities to results for 24,220 children living in surrounding communities. Children in high-risk communities had a substantially higher risk of developmental delay than the rest of Metro Detroit (43% vs. 28%). There were significant differences in the overall scores from the initial screens (M =2.38, SD = .788) to subsequent screens (M = 2.46, SD =.706): t (1,640) = -5.104 p < . 05, suggesting that risk of delay decreases over time. There were statistically significant differences in the overall risk for developmental delay and within in the domain of fine motor development. These results 19 provide an empirical basis to develop prevention and intervention programs and child welfare policy. We suggest ways to build capacity at the individual, institutional, and societal levels. Future research should focus on exploring the unique interplay of community-level risk with family and child level risk and protective factors.
Conducting Usable Privacy & Security Studies with Amazon ’ s Mechanical Turk

Being able to conduct human subjects experiments in a distributed method across the Internet is frequently desirable to support broad tests of usability. Until recently these experiments were commonly advertised in an ad-hoc fashion, using mailing lists, contest sites, and online bulletin boards. Recently Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, a service where users can complete short tasks and receive automatic payment, has become prominent in the HCI community. We describe three different usable privacy and security experiments that were conducted through Mechanical Turk, highlighting both reasons for using Amazon’s service as well as common pitfalls that we encountered.
Efficient eye pointing with a fisheye lens

This paper evaluates refinements to existing eye pointing techniques involving a fisheye lens. We use a fisheye lens and a video-based eye tracker to locally magnify the display at the point of the user's gaze. Our gaze-contingent fisheye facilitates eye pointing and selection of magnified (expanded) targets. Two novel interaction techniques are evaluated for managing the fisheye, both dependent on real-time analysis of the user's eye movements. Unlike previous attempts at gaze-contingent fisheye control, our key innovation is to hide the fisheye during visual search, and morph the fisheye into view as soon as the user completes a saccadic eye movement and has begun fixating a target. This style of interaction allows the user to maintain an overview of the desktop during search while selectively zooming in on the foveal region of interest during selection. Comparison of these interaction styles with ones where the fisheye is continuously slaved to the user's gaze (omnipresent) or is not used to affect target expansion (nonexistent) shows performance benefits in terms of speed and accuracy.
Management of distributed object using the criterion of generalized error

In this paper we consider the question of synthesis a control system for temperature distributed object. According to the experimental data, the parameters of conditional centered contours describing the behaviour of the object on the control action for different points in space. Different control systems using information on the output parameter values at several points in space. It implemented a comparison of different control systems that have information about the temperature in nine (all to be measured), three (one-third) and one (min) measurement points. For comparison systems we used the criterion of the generalized errors.
Choosing a Hyperacute Stroke Imaging Protocol for Proper Patient Selection and Time Efficient Endovascular Treatment: Lessons from Recent Trials

Recently, several prospective randomized control trials regarding endovascular treatment for patients with intracranial large artery occlusions causing acute ischemic stroke have been successfully reported. Effort to minimize time delays to endovascular treatment, patient selection and the use of retrievable stent were important factors for the success of these trials. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for each of these trials did include differences in imaging protocols. In this review, we focus on the importance of baseline non-invasive angiography prior to deciding endovascular treatment. Then imaging protocols are described for each trial according to measurement of infarct volume and collateral grading.
Transcriptional and functional analysis of trifluoromethionine resistance in Entamoeba histolytica.

OBJECTIVES Drug resistance in parasitic protozoa is an obstacle to successful chemotherapy. Understanding how pathogens respond to drugs is crucial in preventing resistance. Previously, we have shown that in Entamoeba histolytica, methionine γ-lyase (EhMGL) downregulation results in trifluoromethionine resistance. The transcriptional response, however, of this parasite to the drug is not known. In this study, we used microarray analysis to determine whether additional genes are involved. METHODS The expression profiles of 9230 genes in wild-type and trifluoromethionine-resistant strains were compared. Episomal overexpression of EhBspA1 was performed to verify its role in trifluoromethionine resistance. The transcriptomes of a trifluoromethionine-resistant strain cultured with or without trifluoromethionine, an EhMGL gene-silenced strain, a strain with reduced susceptibility to metronidazole and a wild-type strain under cysteine-deprived conditions were compared to determine the specificity of the changes observed in the trifluoromethionine-resistant strain. RESULTS The expression of 35 genes differed at least 3-fold between trifluoromethionine-resistant and wild-type strains. Some of the genes play roles in metabolism, the stress response and gene regulation. EhMGL and EhBspA1 were found to be highly downregulated and upregulated, respectively. Overexpression of EhBspA1 conferred partial resistance to trifluoromethionine. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that genes modulated in trifluoromethionine-resistant strains were specific. CONCLUSIONS E. histolytica has few known resistance mechanisms against drugs. In this study, we showed that aside from EhMGL downregulation, induction of EhBspA1 plays a role in trifluoromethionine resistance. We also showed a unique set of induced genes that could represent the signature profile of trifluoromethionine resistance in E. histolytica.
Heat shock proteins and chronic fatigue in primary Sjögren’s syndrome

Fatigue occurs frequently in patients with cancer, neurological diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases, but the biological mechanisms that lead to and regulate fatigue are largely unknown. When the innate immune system is activated, heat shock proteins (HSPs) are produced to protect cells. Some extracellular HSPs appear to recognize cellular targets in the brain, and we hypothesize that fatigue may be generated by specific HSPs signalling through neuronal or glial cells in the central nervous system. From a cohort of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome, 20 patients with high and 20 patients with low fatigue were selected. Fatigue was evaluated with a fatigue visual analogue scale. Plasma concentrations of HSP32, HSP60, HSP72 and HSP90α were measured and analysed to determine if there were associations with the level of fatigue. Plasma concentrations of HSP90α were significantly higher in patients with high fatigue compared with those with low fatigue, and there was a tendency to higher concentrations of HSP72 in patients with high fatigue compared with patients with low fatigue. There were no differences in concentrations of HSP32 and HSP60 between the high- and low-fatigue groups. Thus, extracellular HSPs, particularly HSP90α, may signal fatigue in chronic inflammation. This supports the hypothesis that fatigue is generated by cellular defence mechanisms.
Automatic Discovery and Transfer of MAXQ Hierarchies in a Complex System

Reinforcement learning has been an important category of machine learning approaches exhibiting self-learning and online learning characteristics. Using reinforcement learning, an agent can learn its behaviors through trial-and-error interactions with a dynamic environment and finally come up with an optimal strategy. Reinforcement learning suffers the curse of dimensionality, though there has been significant progress to overcome this issue in recent years. MAXQ is one of the most common approaches for reinforcement learning. To function properly, MAXQ requires a decomposition of the agent's task into a task hierarchy. Previously, the decomposition can only be done manually. In this paper, we propose a mechanism for automatic subtask discovery. The mechanism applies clustering to automatically construct task hierarchy required by MAXQ, such that MAXQ can be fully automated. We present the design of our mechanism, and demonstrate its effectiveness through theoretical analysis and an extensive experimental evaluation.
Study on electrical power distribution among coexisting OFDM-based wired-wireless signals along long-reach passive optical networks

The provision of a quintuple-play service (fixed Internet and telephony, mobile telephony/Internet, security/control applications, and wireless high-definition audio/video distribution) along wavelength division multiplexing long-reach passive optical networks has been proposed recently. Five coexisting orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based signals have been used to deliver the quintuple-play service to each user. In this paper, the electrical power distribution (EPD) among those five coexisting signals is studied using numerical simulation. The need for EPD optimization is stressed, as the optimum EPD (OEPD) enables the maximization of the signal and network performances. The OEPD is achieved by setting optimized gains (OG) in the electrical amplifiers used to impose the electrical power level of each one of the coexisting signals. For practicability, the gains are optimized only for a specific fiber length. For other fiber lengths, the use of those OG may cause performance degradation. This degradation can be mitigated if a predistortion (PD) scheme, which compensates for the frequency-dependent losses (FDLs) of the transmission channel, is used with proper OG. It is shown that the main advantage of using OG + PD over using OG only is to enable the reduction of the performance degradation that occurs for other fiber lengths than the one considered in the OG optimization. The capability to mitigate the FDLs is more limited in the absence of PD. Therefore, the advantage of using OG + PD over OG increases with the magnitude of the variation of the FDLs inside the band of the signals. However, under the conditions considered in this work, the impact of the use of OG + PD on the maximum transmission reach (MTR) is determined to be reduced (less than 1% relative to the MTR obtained with OG only, 126.5 km of standard single-mode fiber).
A Practical Redundancy Resolution for 7 DOF Redundant Manipulators with Joint Limits

This paper proposes a practical redundancy resolution for 7 DOF redundant manipulators with joint limits. The primary concern of the paper is how to resolve the redundancy in the global configuration space when the movable joint angles are considerably restricted. First, a parameterized inverse kinematic solution for a 7 DOF manipulator model is derived. Second, how the joint limits affect the inverse kinematic solution is examined to explicitly identify the feasible solution under the joint limits. Then, an analytical redundancy resolution method for avoiding the joint limits is developed. Finally, kinematic simulations show that the method is effective for avoiding the joint limits as well as expanding the reachable region of the manipulator's tip.