Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Urokinase Receptor: Involvement in Cell Surface Proteolysis and Cancer Invasion

Proteolytic enzymes are thought to play a primary role in the dissolution of the extracellular matrix that is necessary b r the passage of migrating cells through tissue barriers in a diversity of biological processes.lJ The migration and invasion of cells in physiological situations, such as trophoblast implantation, embryo morphogenesis, angiogenesis, inflammation, wound healing and other processes involving tissue destruction and remodelling, is of limited extent and duration and therehre must be subject to strict regulation to initiate, localize, and terminate the proteolytic activity. The same proteolytic enzyme systems are also thought to contribute to the invasive properties and metastatic potential of malignant tumor cells. However, the concept that this occurs basically as a consequence of the over-expression of the pmteolytic enzymes may be too simplistic. The migration of all cells requires, in addition to matrix dissolution, cell attachment to the matrix which could not occur in the presence of unlimited matrix degradation. Therefbre there is also a necessity b r these proteolytic processes to be highly regulated in tumor cells. This is particularly apparent when the complex multistep nature of the metastatic process is considered. For blood-spread metastases this involves the sequential detachment of cells from the primary tumor mass, the dissolution of basement membranes and interstitial connective tissue, the migration of the tumor cells first into and then out of the vascular system through the endothelial lining, bebre re-estabhhment at a distant site. In this respect the tumor metastasis may be regarded as one of the most complex cell migratory processes, and consequently there must be strict temporal and spatial control of the proteolytic processes leading to it. Several proteolytic enzyme systems may contribute to the overall process of extracellular matrix degradation, including plasminogen activators,l matrix metalloproteases (cg., collagenases),3 and cathepsin D,4 and it is likely that these systems can act either independently or in a concerted manner. However the generation of the broad specificity protease plasmin by plasrninogen activators is possibly central to this whole
Quantitative Expression and Virus Transmission Analysis of DC-SIGN on Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

ABSTRACT The C-type lectins DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR efficiently bind human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains and can transmit bound virus to adjacent CD4-positive cells. DC-SIGN also binds efficiently to the Ebola virus glycoprotein, enhancing Ebola virus infection. DC-SIGN is thought to be responsible for the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to capture HIV and transmit it to T cells, thus promoting HIV dissemination in vitro and perhaps in vivo as well. To investigate DC-SIGN function and expression levels on DCs, we characterized a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against the carbohydrate recognition domain of DC-SIGN. Using quantitative fluorescence-activated cell sorter technology, we found that DC-SIGN is highly expressed on immature monocyte-derived DCs, with at least 100,000 copies and often in excess of 250,000 copies per DC. There was modest variation (three- to fourfold) in DC-SIGN expression levels between individuals and between DCs isolated from the same individual at different times. Several MAbs efficiently blocked virus binding to cell lines expressing human or rhesus DC-SIGN, preventing HIV and SIV transmission. Interactions with Ebola virus pseudotypes were also blocked efficiently. Despite their ability to block virus-DC-SIGN interactions on cell lines, these antibodies only inhibited transmission of virus from DCs by approximately 50% or less. These results indicate that factors other than DC-SIGN may play important roles in the ability of DCs to capture and transmit HIV.
Identification of endogenous reference genes for RT‐qPCR analysis of plasma microRNAs levels in rats with acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity

Circulating microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been reported to be promising biomarkers for drug‐induced liver injury in preclinical and clinical practice. Proper normalization is critical for accurate miRNAs expression analysis. Herein, using SYBR green quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR), we evaluated the expression stability of six candidate reference genes including two commonly used small RNAs (U6, 5S) and four miRNAs (let‐7a, miR‐92a, miR‐103 and miR‐16) in plasma of rats with acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity. Data were analysed using geNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper and comparative delta‐Ct statistical models, and the results consistently show that miR‐103 is the most stably expressed reference gene. Whereas the commonly used housekeeping genes 5S or U6 are all not suitable normalizers, because 5S exhibits extensive variability in expression and U6 has a low expression level across the plasma samples. Then the effect of reference genes on normalization of plasma miR‐122 was assessed; when normalized to the most stable reference gene there were significant differences between the acetaminophen‐treated group and the vehicle group. However, when the data were normalized to a less stably expressed gene, miR‐16, a biased result was obtained. Therefore, we recommend that miR‐103 as suitable reference gene for plasma miRNAs analysis for acetaminophen‐induced liver injury. Data presented in this paper are crucial to successful biomarker discovery and validation for the diagnosis of the early stage of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of extrinsic electric current on the cyprinid fish EIRG (S-potential).

1) For the purpose of clarifying the nature of the so-called cone action potential (S-potential), some electric properties of the membrane, from inside which this action potential was recorded, was investigated by means of doublebarrelled microelectrode technique.2) Neither depolarizing nor hyperpolarizing current passage gave influence to the original response in its amplitude and configuration. In other words, S-potential did not have an equilibrium potential.3) While the values of effective resistance were widely distributed in a range from below 200 KΩ to over 3 MΩ, there appeared to be some difference in their distribution between L-and RG-elements. The effective resistance was not changed during activity and was independent of the change in amplitude of the response produced by the change in the intensity of illumination.4) Based on the above results, it was fully discussed whether the nature of S-potential is of intra-or extracellular.
Array of Micromachined Components Fabricated Using “Micro-Origami” Method

A two-dimensional array of self-positioning free-standing structures was fabricated using a new method of surface micromachining called “micro-origami”. The array is fabricated by epitaxial growth of III-V multilayers on GaAs substrates followed by photolithography and wet etching. The structures move to their final position during the process. Future applications of micromachined structures obtained by this method are discussed.
Estimation of longitudinal tire forces for all-terrain vehicle

In this paper, an observer to estimate the longitudinal tire forces using only wheel angular positions measurement is presented. The robust estimation is based on Second Order Sliding Mode Observer. The estimation performance is tested and validated using a car driving simulator SCANeR™-Studio. The simulation results show effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
IMPLEMENTATION OF FAST DOUBLE PARALLEL IMAGE PROCESSING USING SORT OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM

– Image processing plays a vital role in many applications like automation, visual inspection. Thus the Image processing system should meet the real time demand. Many factors like salt and pepper noise will affect the image processing system. This paper introduces the double parallel architecture using sort optimization algorithm to accelerate the median filter and edge detection. The double parallel architecture is divided in to two parts image level parallel and operation level parallel. The image level parallel is a high level parallel, which divides one image in to two parts and process them simultaneously.
On the mechanisms of induction of cancer-protective enzymes: a unifying proposal.

Induction of detoxification enzymes is a major mechanism whereby a wide variety of chemical agents protect rodents against neoplastic, mutagenic, and other toxicities of carcinogens. The enzyme NAD(P)H:(quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.99.2) can protect against the toxicities of quinones and is a useful marker for protective enzyme induction. Quinone reductase can be induced in murine Hepa 1c1c7 hepatoma cells and 3T3 embryo fibroblasts by compounds that are chemoprotectors in vivo, including some phenolic antioxidants, azo dyes, aromatic diamines, and aminophenols. Structurally dissimilar catechols (1,2-diphenols) and hydroquinones (1,4-diphenols) induce quinone reductase in these systems, but resorcinol (1,3-diphenol) and its substituted analogues are inactive. Furthermore, only aromatic 1,2- and 1,4-diamines and aminophenols are inducers, whereas the 1,3-diamines are completely inactive. These findings suggest that the functional capacity to form quinones or quinone-diimines, rather than the precise structure, is essential for inductive activity and that the generation of the signal for enzyme induction depends upon oxidation-reduction lability. The observations that some chemoprotective compounds (e.g., azo dyes, beta-naphthoflavone) induce both cytochromes P-450 and quinone reductase, whereas others (e.g., tert-butylhydroquinone) induce only quinone reductase, can be reconciled by the fact that inducers of the first type are metabolized by P-450 enzymes to form products that are functionally similar to compounds of the second type.
Prognostic Value of Ki-67 Index, Cytology, and Growth Pattern in Mantle-Cell Lymphoma: Results From Randomized Trials of the European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Network.

PURPOSE Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rather aggressive B-cell malignancy whose considerable variability of individual outcome is associated with clinical characteristics (Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index [MIPI]). The Ki-67 index is a strong independent prognostic factor; however, the biologic MIPI (MIPI-b) distinguishes only two groups, which does not appropriately depict the clinical heterogeneity. By using the cohort from the European MCL Younger and MCL Elderly trials, we aimed to evaluate the additional prognostic impact of cytology and growth pattern and to improve risk stratification with the Ki-67 index and MIPI. PATIENTS AND METHODS Diagnostic tumor biopsies were reviewed by the European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Pathology Panel to determine Ki-67 index by using published guidelines, cytology, and growth pattern. We evaluated prognostic effects for overall survival (OS) by Cox regression. For the cohort used for MIPI-b development (German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group [GLSG] 1996 and GLSG2000), we checked whether the equally weighted combination of Ki-67 index (dichotomized at the validated 30% cutoff) and MIPI risk groups was adequate and compared the prognostic power of this modified combination to MIPI and MIPI-b for the MCL Younger/MCL Elderly cohort. RESULTS The Ki-67 index was assessed in 508 of 832 patients (median age, 62 years). Blastoid cytology was associated with inferior OS independently of MIPI but not independently of the Ki-67 index. Growth pattern was not independently prognostic. The modified combination of the Ki-67 index and MIPI separated four groups with 5-year OS: 85%, 72%, 43%, and 17% (P < .001) and was more discriminative than MIPI and MIPI-b. CONCLUSION Using the Ki-67 index is superior to using cytology and growth pattern as prognostic factors in MCL. The modified combination of the Ki-67 index and MIPI showed a refined risk stratification, reflecting their strong complementary prognostic effects while integrating the most relevant prognostic factors available in clinical routine.
The Intelligence, Emotional, Spiritual Quotients and Quality of Managers

Intelligence, emotional, and spiritual quotients (IESQ) has been predicted to escalate with the increase of personal quality of corporate managers. In line with the enhancement of personal quality, it has been estimated that internal locus of control would also amplify. This study examined the drivers of personal quality of corporate managers based on the examination of intelligence, emotional, and spiritual quotients (IESQ) and mediated by internal locus of control. Data were collected from 237 stated owner enterprises managers via questionnaires. The analysis produced structural models of personal quality predicted by IESQ and mediated by internal LOC. It shows that hypothesized model created three significant positive direct (IESQ) and indirect (internal LOC) impacts of predictors to personal quality of managers. For mediating effect of internal LOC on each hypothesized path, this study found partial mediating effects of internal LOC. The structural model achieved the highest SMC (R2), explaining 65.6% of internal locus of control and 76.2% variance of the personal quality of managers. This study confirmed a significant positive direct relationship between the harmonies of IESQ to personal quality. This study found most of managers have a good standard of EQ and SQ rather than IQ. In this case, the application of EQ in a workplace depended on the person, whether he or she could place him or herself in gathering with others. Spiritual quotient seemed placed highest portion when mediated with locus of control. As we know that internal LOC is a strong feeling that pushes someone to do something correctly. By the data gathered, it shows that most of managers are Moslem. As a good Moslem, most managers practice religion tightly, they pray, spells the good name of God (Dzikir) which is thought by the Quran. A spiritually managers will apply good attitudes and behaviors in organization to enhance their personal quality in the organization and the society surrounds. The findings are discussed in the context of personal quality and IESQ among state owned enterprise managers in South Sumatera Province of Indonesia.
A self-sensing carbon nanotube/cement composite for traffic monitoring

In this paper, a self-sensing carbon nanotube (CNT)/cement composite is investigated for traffic monitoring. The cement composite is filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes whose piezoresistive properties enable the detection of mechanical stresses induced by traffic flow. The sensing capability of the self-sensing CNT/cement composite is explored in laboratory tests and road tests. Experimental results show that the fabricated self-sensing CNT/cement composite presents sensitive and stable responses to repeated compressive loadings and impulsive loadings, and has remarkable responses to vehicular loadings. These findings indicate that the self-sensing CNT/cement composite has great potential for traffic monitoring use, such as in traffic flow detection, weigh-in-motion measurement and vehicle speed detection.
Control sequence generation in multistage fuzzy control systems for design process

The purpose of this study is to investigate and optimize the dynamics of state transitions during a process of multistage fuzzy control systems. A variation of the methodology for solving the Vehicle Routing Problem, known as the Savings Method, is applied to finding a sequence of controls to maximize the overall performance of multistage control processes. The Savings Method has been modified into a heuristic to traverse state precedence when transitioning from one known system state to another. In addition, the procedure allows for imposing of two different types of precedences (mandatory and optional) among transition states, as well as a pair of fuzzy constraints and goals throughout each stage of the process. As the control of the system progresses, fuzzy goals may be preset or introduced interactively.
Design and implementation of a coordination service for distributed applications (In-memory Paxos)

Coordination of different, independent processes is a very important aspect in the area of distributed systems. In order to coordinate each other, participants of a distributed system often have to agree on some common knowledge such as locking of a shared resource. The general problem how to reach agreement on some value is also known as consensus problem. In many practical systems, the consensus problem is outsourced to a distributed system consisting of multiple servers to increase its availability. Each server can be contacted by clients that intend to reach consensus about a specific value. Examples are Google's locking service Chubby or Yahoo's distributed file system Zookeeper. The standard Paxos algorithm solves this problem in an environment where nodes may recover after a crash and messages can have infinite delay. However, a system based on the classical Paxos algorithm makes use of expensive stable storage operations to guarantee that a crashed and recovered Paxos server is still able to participate in the protocol. Studies have shown that these disk costs are the bottleneck of the whole system. In this work a performance-oriented version of Paxos will be investigated that still solves the consensus problem, but trades availability of the consensus system against performance by not using stable storage operations. Without careful design this can be problematic, because a Paxos server that has lost its memory can be dangerous for the success of the protocol. This can be solved by not allowing a crashed and recovered Paxos server to participate in the protocol anymore. Instead, a recovered server rejoins the protocol with a new id, so that no active processes assume anything about the recovered process. In order to join the group of active processes, a majority of servers has to be active and agree on this. Our evaluations show, that a coordination system based on the in-memory Paxos approach has a very short response time of only one millisecond and high throughput up to 18000 write requests per second.
Delay in fruit ripening: a promising approach for reduction of spoilage and use of hazardous chemicals in Bangladesh

Food safety is a global concern and Bangladesh is no exception. In last few decades, fruit and fruit processing industries have grown rapidly in Bangladesh. To achieve maximum quality in terms of visual appearance, texture, flavor and nutritional value, fruits must be harvested at proper maturity. However, after harvesting, rapid ripening of fruits is responsible for short shelf life. This problem can be addressed either by using preservatives or ripening manipulation. Because of its low cost and availability, Formaldehyde has been widely used as preservatives in Bangladesh despite very hazardous health impacts. Other impure food ripening agents like commercial-grade Calcium carbide is also being used to make the harvesting faster for quicker revenue. These all attributes to very severe health concerns including cancer, male sterility and many more. Considering current situation in Bangladesh, artificially delaying fruit ripening seems to be a promising alternative to overcome the crisis and this is also being practiced in several countries. Fruit ripening process requires production of ethylene during the process and ripening of fruit can be delayed by inhibiting ethylene activity. There are several chemical compounds that can be used as inhibitors of ethylene activity without any significant change in quality and health concern. Here, we present a small review on ethylene inhibitors focusing on scope, prospects, safety and potential of using that in Bangladesh. Some of the promising ripening delaying agents and their effective application doses are also reported, which might be applicable in Bangladesh as an alternative to the hazardous Formaldehyde or carbide application.
Misalignment of the Block Oxide Height in Self-aligned Source/Drain-tied bFDSOI-FET

This paper aims to comprehensively examine the electrical characteristics of a new silicon-on-insulator (SOI) device structure with source/drain (S/D) tie as a function of the block oxide height. According to the 2-D simulations, the height of the block oxide enclosing the silicon body is one of the key parameters for determining the device properties and their fluctuations. Additionally, the self-heating effects (SHEs) can be well controlled chiefly due to the presence of the S/D-tied scheme.
Study on ballistocardiogram acquisition in a moving wheelchair with embedded sensors

Embedding cardiac system sensing devices in wheelchairs is both necessary and attractive. Elders, diabetics, or stroke victims are a substantial group needing permanent cardiac monitoring, without restriction of their already limited mobility. A set of sensing devices was embedded in a wheelchair to monitor the user without his awareness and intervention. A dual-wavelength reflection photoplethysmogram (PPG), and a ballistocardiogram (BCG) based on MEMS accelerometers and on electromechanical film sensors are output by the hardware. Tests were conduced on twenty one subjects, for an immobility scenario. Additional recordings were made for helped propulsion over a tiled floor course, with good results in keeping track of acceleration BCG and PPG. A treadmill was also used for tests, providing a smooth floor and constant speed and inclination. The PPG and acceleration BCG could be continuously monitored in all the tests. The developed system proves to be a good solution to monitor cardiac activity of wheelchair users even during motion.
Resource Allocation for Opportunistic Spectrum Sharing Based on Cooperative OFDM Relaying

In this paper, we consider opportunistic spectrum sharing when the primary system experiences unfavorable channel conditions. In the proposed spectrum sharing protocol, the secondary system tries to help the primary system to achieve its target rate by acting as an amplify-and-forward relay and allocating a fraction of its subcarriers to forward the primary signal. As a reward, the secondary system uses the remaining subcarriers to transmit its own signal, and thus gaining spectrum access. We study the joint optimization of the set of subcarriers used for cooperation, subcarrier pairing and secondary subcarrier power allocation such that the transmission rate of the secondary system is maximized, while helping the primary system, as a higher priority, to achieve its target rate. Simulation results demonstrate that both primary and secondary systems benefit from the proposed opportunistic spectrum sharing protocol.