Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring &#8220;temperature-aware&#8221; design in low-power MPSoCs

The power density inside high performance systems continues to rise with every process technology generation, thereby increasing the operating temperature and creating "hot spots" on the die. As a result, the performance, reliability and power consumption of the system degrade. To avoid these "hot spots", "temperature-aware" design has become a must. For low-power embedded systems though, it is not clear whether similar thermal problems occur. These systems have very different characteristics from the high performance ones: they consume hundred times less power, they are based on a multi-processor architecture with lots of embedded memory and rely on cheap packaging solutions. In this paper, we investigate the need for temperature- aware design in low-power systems-on-a-chip and provide guidlines to delimit the conditions for which temperature-aware design is needed
The yeast gene YNL292w encodes a pseudouridine synthase (Pus4) catalyzing the formation of psi55 in both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic tRNAs.

The protein products of two yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes (YNL292w and CBF5) display a remarkable sequence homology with Escherichia coli tRNA:pseudouridine-55 synthase (encoded by gene truB). The gene YNL292w coding for one of these proteins was cloned in an E.coli expression vector downstream of a His6-tag. The resulting recombinant protein (Pus4) was expressed at high level and purified to homogeneity by metal affinity chromatography on Ni2+-NTA-agarose, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on MonoQ. The purified Pus4p catalyzes the formation of pseudouridine-55 in T7 in vitro transcripts of several yeast tRNA genes. In contrast to the known yeast pseudouridine synthase (Pus1) of broad specificity, no other uridines in tRNA molecules are modified by the cloned recombinant tRNA:Psi55 synthase. The disruption of the corresponding gene YNL292w in yeast, which has no significant effect on the growth of yeast cells, leads to the complete disappearance of the Psi55 formation activity in a cell-free extract. These results allow the formal identification of the protein encoded by the yeast ORF YNL292w as the only enzyme responsible for the formation of Psi55 which is almost universally conserved in tRNAs. The substrate specificity of the purified YNL292w-encoded recombinant protein was shown to be similar to that of the native protein present in yeast cell extract. Chemical mapping of pseudouridine residues in both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs from the yeast strain carrying the disrupted gene reveals that the same gene product is responsible for Psi55 formation in tRNAs of both cellular compartments.
NFS Version 3: Design and Implementation

This paper describes a new version of the Network File System (NFS) that supports access to files larger than 4GB and increases sequential write throughput sevenfold when compared to unaccelerated NFS Version 2. NFS Version 3 maintains the stateless server design and simple crash recovery of NFS Version 2, and the philosophy of building a distributed file service from cooperating protocols. We describe the protocol and its implementation, and provide initial performance measurements. We then describe the implementation effort. Finally, we contrast this work with other distributed file systems and discuss future revisions of NFS.
Longitudinal Associations between Delinquent Behaviour of Friends and Delinquent Behaviour of Adolescents: Moderation by Adolescent Personality Traits

In this longitudinal study, we examined whether personality traits (parent–rated Big Five personality traits) render some adolescents more susceptible than others to delinquent behaviour of friends, predicting rank–order changes in adolescents‘ self–reported delinquent behaviour. We examine susceptibility to both perceived (reported by adolescents) and self–reported (reported by friends) delinquent behaviour of friends. Participants in this two–wave study were 285 Dutch adolescents and their best friends. The adolescents (50% girls) were 15.5 years old on average (SD = 0.8 years), and their best friends (N = 176; 58% girls) were 15.1 years old (SD = 1.5 years). Perceived (but not self–reported) delinquency of friends predicted a stronger increase in adolescent delinquency 1 year later, especially among adolescents low or average on conscientiousness. Emotional stability, agreeableness, extraversion and openness did not moderate associations between delinquency of friends and delinquency of adolescents. Our findings show that low conscientiousness serves as a risk factor, increasing vulnerability to perceived delinquent behaviour of friends, while high conscientiousness serves as a protective factor, increasing resilience to perceived delinquent behaviour of friends. Our findings also show that adolescents are susceptible to, and differ in susceptibility to, friends‘ delinquent behaviour as they perceive it—not to delinquent behaviour as reported by friends themselves. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
Dynamic Analysis of a Parallel Manipulator-Based Multi-function Mobility Assistive Device for Elderly

Dynamic simulation of manipulators interacting directly with human is crucial for predicating their performance before the actual use. This paper describes the dynamic analysis and simulation of a novel multi-function mobility assistive device for elderly. The device is designed to help patients who suffer from degradation of the lower limbs muscular strength. Rather than one function device, the proposed device is intended to assist in different lower limb activities, namely, sit to stand and walking activities as well as transfer paralyzed patients from bed to wheelchair and help them stand in upright position to improve blood circulation. The device is based on a non-conventional structure of a 3-RPR planer parallel manipulator which has high rigidity due to the parallel structure. It has some interesting kinematic advantages that facilitate structure and control design. Dynamic model for the assistive manipulator is derived using the first type of Lagrange's equations. A PD-computed torque controller is tuned using genetic algorithm. Simulation results prove high performance of the proposed device in terms of the low tracking error and the proper actuator force.
"Rational" and Ecocultural Circumstances of Program Take-Up among Low-Income Working Parents

New Hope (NH) is a random-assignment, antipoverty program in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, that offers child care subsidies, wage subsidies, health insurance, and, if needed, a temporary community service job to participants working 30 or more hours per week. Despite the relative generosity of the program and supportive caseworkers, take-up was far from universal, and participants rarely used all services. Ethnographic analysis of a random sample of experimental participants found that NH's economically based offer was theoretically too narrow to motivate all participants. Four categories of personal and family circumstances were associated with take-up: 1) the constrained-by-information group (participants' understandings about the program differed from what NH in fact offered); 2) the disruptive-life group (significant personal troubles and instability); 3) the pro-con group (used often explicit cost-benefit calculations); and 4) the daily-routine group (used particular benefits but only if they helped sustain .
Identification of Ambiguous Multiword Expressions Using Sequence Models and Lexical Resources

We present a simple and efficient tagger capable of identifying highly ambiguous multiword expressions (MWEs) in French texts. It is based on conditional random fields (CRF), using local context information as features. We show that this approach can obtain results that, in some cases, approach more sophisticated parser-based MWE identification methods without requiring syntactic trees from a treebank. Moreover, we study how well the CRF can take into account external information coming from a lexicon.
HOW DOES EXECUTIVE FUNCTION CONTRIBUTE TO SOURCE MONITORING IN YOUNG CHILDREN

In the present study, children in the age group of 3-5 years had to perform a source- monitoring task, a cognitive shifting task and an inhibitory control task, and the correlations between the tasks were examined. In the source-monitoring task, children were asked to discriminate objects they acted on (internal source) from objects an experimenter acted on (external source). They were also administered the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task as a cognitive shifting and Black/White task as an inhibitory control task. We found that there was a significant correlation between the measure on the external source and the performances in the DCCS task. The results indicated that cognitive shifting may play an important role in source monitoring where children have to discriminate internal sources from external sources.
Aligning Patent Claims with Detailed Descriptions for Readability

Patent specifications consist of patent claims and detailed descriptions. While patent claims are the most important part of patent specifications, they are compositionally or combinationally described and difficult to read. By aligning patent claims with detailed description, the readability of patent claims can be improved because paraphrases for the claims can be found. In this paper, we propose a method to align patent claims with detailed descriptions by analyzing the structure of claims to get core elements of claims, aligning between each core element in the claim and each sentence in the detailed description, and filtering the result based on the existence of “effectiveness expressions” in the sentence.
PROFS-performance-oriented data reorganization for log-structured file system on multi-zone disks

I/O is a major performance bottleneck in modern computer systems. Modern disks use zone-bit-recording (ZBR) technology to increase the capacity. A direct consequence of ZBR is that outer tracks have higher data transfer rates. Because LFS uses large disk transfers, access times are mainly determined by the data transfer rate. This paper presents a novel performance-oriented data reorganizing scheme, called PROFS, which boosts the I/O performance of LFS (log-structured file system). Our scheme reorganizes data on the disk during LFS garbage collection and system idle periods. By putting active data in the faster zones and inactive data in the slower zones, we can significantly improve the read and write performance. The reorganization overhead is minimal. We studied three different algorithms that are read-optimized, write-optimized and balanced. Simulation results based on five real-world and two synthetic traces showed that such algorithms can dramatically reduce the I/O response time for both reads and writes compared with the previous LFS systems with adaptive methods. Our algorithms improve the LFS system's write latency by up to 24.5% and the read latency by up to 21.3%. They also improve the file system throughput by up to 32%.
Automated segmentation by pixel classification of retinal layers in ophthalmic OCT images

Current OCT devices provide three-dimensional (3D) in-vivo images of the human retina. The resulting very large data sets are difficult to manually assess. Automated segmentation is required to automatically process the data and produce images that are clinically useful and easy to interpret. In this paper, we present a method to segment the retinal layers in these images. Instead of using complex heuristics to define each layer, simple features are defined and machine learning classifiers are trained based on manually labeled examples. When applied to new data, these classifiers produce labels for every pixel. After regularization of the 3D labeled volume to produce a surface, this results in consistent, three-dimensionally segmented layers that match known retinal morphology. Six labels were defined, corresponding to the following layers: Vitreous, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer & inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer & outer plexiform layer, photoreceptors & retinal pigment epithelium and choroid. For both normal and glaucomatous eyes that were imaged with a Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering) OCT system, the five resulting interfaces were compared between automatic and manual segmentation. RMS errors for the top and bottom of the retina were between 4 and 6 μm, while the errors for intra-retinal interfaces were between 6 and 15 μm. The resulting total retinal thickness maps corresponded with known retinal morphology. RNFL thickness maps were compared to GDx (Carl Zeiss Meditec) thickness maps. Both maps were mostly consistent but local defects were better visualized in OCT-derived thickness maps.
A sub-mW spectrum sensing architecture for portable IEEE 802.22 cognitive radio applications

A low power integrating mixer successive approximation register (SAR) prototype chip for spectrum sensing is fabricated for portable transceivers targeting IEEE 802.22 cognitive radio applications. The integrating mixer SAR combines mixing, current-domain windowing, and integration to implement the short-time Fourier transform. Integration with programmable time constant is incorporated within the mixer by utilizing binary-weighted capacitive loads, which double as the sampling capacitors of a SAR ADC. The design operates over a frequency range of 0.05–1.25GHz, consumes 0.88mW from 1.1/1.2V supplies and obtains an average dynamic range (DR) of 25.7–27.9dB.
Early detection of malicious behavior in JavaScript code

Malicious JavaScript code is widely used for exploiting vulnerabilities in web browsers and infecting users with malicious software. Static detection methods fail to protect from this threat, as they are unable to cope with the complexity and dynamics of interpreted code. In contrast, the dynamic analysis of JavaScript code at run-time has proven to be effective in identifying malicious behavior. During the execution of the code, however, damage may already take place and thus an early detection is critical for effective protection. In this paper, we introduce EarlyBird: a detection method optimized for early identification of malicious behavior in JavaScript code. The method uses machine learning techniques for jointly optimizing the accuracy and the time of detection. In an evaluation with hundreds of real attacks, EarlyBird precisely identifies malicious behavior while limiting the amount of malicious code that is executed by a factor of 2 (43%) on average.
Procalcitonin levels in community-acquired pneumonia – correlation with aetiology and severity

Abstract We studied procalcitonin (PCT) levels at hospital admittance and their association with aetiology and severity in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Median PCT concentrations were higher in bacteraemic patients than in those without bacteraemia (6.11 μg/L vs 0.34 μg/L, p = 0.0002), in patients with non-bacteraemic pneumococcal aetiology than in those infected with other classic bacteria (1.18 vs 0.18, p = 0.038), and in patients with pneumococcal as compared with viral aetiology (2.43 vs 0.24, p = 0.017). When aetiology, bacteraemia and severity according to the pneumonia severity index (PSI) were included in logistic regression analyses with PCT > 0.5 as a dependent variable, the odds ratio (OR) for non-bacteraemic pneumococcal aetiology was 5.7 (p = 0.008) and 3.0 ( p = 0.1) for PSI 4–5. A separate analysis for bacteraemia and PSI 4–5 showed an OR of 17.5 (p = 0.008) and 2.7 (p = 0.092), respectively. In CAP patients, high PCT seems to be a good marker for invasive disease and pneumococcal aetiology. As a predictor of severity it appears to be less important.
Ackermannian and Primitive-Recursive Bounds with Dickson's Lemma

Dickson's Lemma is a simple yet powerful tool widely used in decidability proofs, especially when dealing with counters or related data structures in algorithmics, verification and model-checking, constraint solving, logic, etc. While Dickson's Lemma is well-known, most computer scientists are not aware of the complexity upper bounds that are entailed by its use. This is mainly because, on this issue, the existing literature is not very accessible. We propose a new analysis of the length of bad sequences over $(\mathbb{N}^k,\leq)$, improving on earlier results and providing upper bounds that are essentially tight. This analysis is complemented by a ``user guide'' explaining through practical examples how to easily derive complexity upper bounds from Dickson's Lemma.
Thermo-Tutor: An Intelligent Tutoring System for thermodynamics

We present the design and an evaluation of Thermo-Tutor, an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) that teaches thermodynamic cycles in closed systems. Thermo-Tutor provides opportunities for students to practice their skills by solving problems. When a student submits a solution, Thermo-Tutor analyzes it and provides appropriate feedback. We discuss the support for problem solving, and the student model the ITS maintains. An initial evaluation of Thermo-Tutor was performed at the University of Canterbury. The findings show that the ITS supports student learning effectively.
Teacher Knowledge Shaping the Teaching of Genetics: A Case Study of Two Underqualified Teachers in Malawi

This paper reports on the relationship between the subject matter knowledge of two underqualified teachers and their topic-specific pedagogical content knowledge (TSPCK) as they taught genetics at two community secondary schools in Malawi. The study was qualitative and used the multiple case study approach. The sample was purposefully chosen. Data were collected through video-recorded lesson observations and tape-recorded interviews. Guided by literature on teaching genetics and on TSPCK, thematic analysis was done on the data to identify emerging themes and categories that best provided meaning. The categories used in analysing the data were the five components of TSPCK: learners' prior knowledge; curricular saliency; what makes the topic easy or difficult to understand; representations including analogies; and conceptual teaching strategies. For both teachers, their knowledge of subject matter influenced three of the five components of TSPCK: knowledge of subject representations; teaching strategies; and issues that make the topic difficult/easy to understand. The other two components, that is, knowledge of learner's prior knowledge on the topic and curricular saliency, depended more on the way the teachers perceived the purpose of teaching genetics for their learners—either for success in the high-stakes national examinations or for understanding and applying this knowledge in their everyday life experiences. Although these findings cannot be generalised owing to the small sample size, they do highlight the need for adequate subject matter knowledge and awareness of the purpose of teaching genetics for teachers to have strong TSPCK. Therefore, tertiary institutions involved in secondary school teacher preparation in Malawi and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology should design relevant interventions to improve the underqualified teachers' subject matter knowledge on genetics and sensitise them on the purpose of teaching genetics, so that their TSPCK of genetics can be strengthened which, in turn, would improve the teaching of the topic in community secondary schools for the country to have a genetics-literate public.
Identifying patient-level health and social care costs for older adults discharged from acute medical units in England.

BACKGROUND acute medical units allow for those who need admission to be correctly identified, and for those who could be managed in ambulatory settings to be discharged. However, re-admission rates for older people following discharge from acute medical units are high and may be associated with substantial health and social care costs. OBJECTIVE identifying patient-level health and social care costs for older people discharged from acute medical units in England. DESIGN a prospective cohort study of health and social care resource use. SETTING an acute medical unit in Nottingham, England. PARTICIPANTS four hundred and fifty-six people aged over 70 who were discharged from an acute medical unit within 72 h of admission. METHODS hospitalisation and social care data were collected for 3 months post-recruitment. In Nottingham, further approvals were gained to obtain data from general practices, ambulance services, intermediate care and mental healthcare. Resource use was combined with national unit costs. RESULTS costs from all sectors were available for 250 participants. The mean (95% CI, median, range) total cost was £1926 (1579-2383, 659, 0-23,612). Contribution was: secondary care (76.1%), primary care (10.9%), ambulance service (0.7%), intermediate care (0.2%), mental healthcare (2.1%) and social care (10.0%). The costliest 10% of participants accounted for 50% of the cost. CONCLUSIONS this study highlights the costs accrued by older people discharged from acute medical units (AMUs): they are mainly (76%) in secondary care and half of all costs were incurred by a minority of participants (10%).
Location from Ambient FM Radio Signals Adel Youssef

We present a method for computing the location of a device down to a radius of several miles within a greater metropolitan area by analyzing the signal strengths observed from commercial FM radio stations. The use of ambient commercial radio signals allows for wide coverage, both indoor and outdoor reception, client-side computing for privacy, and the feasibility of employing inexpensive, low-power measurement hardware. Our technique is based on a model for computing the likelihood of locations using both received signal strengths and information from a simulated signal strength map. Using simulated signal strengths relieves the burden of manually measuring signal strength as a function of location. We account for the inevitable measurement variations among devices by comparing rankings of radio stations by signal strength. Our experiments show we can measure location down to a median error of about 8 kilometers (5 miles) in the greater Seattle area by listening to seven different radio stations.
Drosophila melanogaster Sequences In A Systematic Analysis of Human Disease-Associated Gene

References http://genome.cshlp. org/content/11/6/1114.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 10 articles, 4 of which can be accessed free at: License Commons Creative http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. described at a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License), as ). After six months, it is available under http://genome.cshlp. org/site/misc/terms.xhtml first six months after the full-issue publication date (see This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the
Are cultural values the same as the values of individuals? An examination of similarities in personal, social and cultural value structures

Value dimensions are used widely to make distinctions between countries and also serve to explain behaviour of individuals within countries. There is a paradox: leading researchers (Hofstede, 1980; Schwartz, 1994) have been adamant that country-level value structures differ from those at individual level. A recent analysis has suggested that dimensional structures at the two levels show substantial overlap. The current multi-level study extends previous research by examining to what extent ratings of the values of others can serve as an intermediate structure to help determine the degree of isomorphism between individual and culture-level structures. The findings indicate that a single value structure across levels is most parsimonious. Implications for international business research are discussed.