Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disorientation and Cognitive Overhead in Hypertext Systems

Disorientation and cognitive overhead are two interrelated problems that may in fact ultimately limit the usefulness of hypertext. Cognitive overhead upon the author arises from a viewpoint that sees the author as the person solely responsible for inserting all links within her work. This includes all links between the anchors in her own work and those in external frames, as well as cross-links between the anchors within her own work. The need for an author to be aware, for each anchor within her work, of all possible other anchors makes the insertion of such links an O(N2) problem where N is the number of possible anchors in the hypertext universe. To reduce this to an O(N) problem this paper proposes the use of bi-directional intelligent anchors. These are anchors that have both a knowledge of the concepts that a potential reader would be seeking were she to arrive at the anchor, together with a knowledge of the concepts that a reader would be seeking were she to jump from that anchor to another within the hypertext. Disorientation or the lost in hyperspace effect on the reader can be addressed in many cases by a fundamental re-definition of the relationship between hypertext authors and their readers. To address this issue, this paper proposes a unit of authorship based more on the treatise than on the traditional fragmented model of hypertext that we call a scenic route and which is based loosely on Bush (1945)'s Trails and Trigg (1988 and 1991)'s Guided Tours.
Loss of CDKN1B/p27Kip1 expression is associated with ERG fusion-negative prostate cancer, but is unrelated to patient prognosis

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 has been suggested as a prognostic marker in prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and prognostic role of p27 expression in hormone-naive prostate cancers. A tissue microarray containing samples from 4,699 prostate cancers with attached pathological, clinical follow-up and molecular data was analyzed for nuclear p27 expression by immunohistochemistry. p27 staining was negative in 18.6%, weak in 33.5%, moderate in 28.4% and strong in 19.5% of 3,701 interpretable cancer spots. Loss of p27 immunostaining was linked to tumors of low Gleason grade (P<0.0001) and ERG fusion-negative cancers (P<0.0001). p27 levels were not associated with other parameters, including tumor stage, nodal stage, preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, surgical margin status and cell proliferation (as measured by the Ki67 labeling index). p27 expression was also unrelated to clinical outcome in all cancers, as well as in the subsets of ERG fusion-positive and -negative cancers. Overall, the present data demonstrated that elevated p27 expression was often unrelated to prostate cancer phenotype. Furthermore, the lack of an effect of the p27 protein levels on PSA recurrence following radical prostatectomy indicated that factors other than p27 expression are likely to be the major determinants of prostate cancer recurrence. However, a subset of ERG-negative, low-grade tumors was frequently characterized by loss of p27, suggesting a role of this alteration for the development of these tumors.
A Novel Intervention Technology for Cerebral Palsy: Brain Stimulation

A common pediatric disorder with posture and motor dysfunction in neurological diseases is known as cerebral palsy (CP). Recently, a series of effective techniques have been developed for treatment of CP. These promising methods need high-tech equipment for brain stimulation and mainly classified into invasive and no-invasive approaches. This study aimed to introduce these techniques for treatment of patients who suffer from CP. The potential and performance of currently available brain stimulation techniques have been mentioned in detail. Moreover, the clinical application, safety, efficacy and challenges of these methods have been discussed. Here we review the recent advances in the CP treatment with an emphasis on brain stimulation techniques
Screening Cellular Proteins Binding to the Core Region of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Genome with Digoxin-Labeled Nucleic Acids

Objective: To screen and identify cellular proteins binding to the core region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genome. Methods: The plasmid pHCV core was constructed to generate in vitro transcripts of the core region of HCV RNA genome. Ultraviolet (UV) cross-linking experiment and competition analysis were performed to screen HepG2 cellular proteins, which interact with digoxin-labeled transcripts of the core region of HCV RNA genome. RNA-binding proteins were separated by immunoprecipitation, analyzed by electrophoresis on SDS-PAGE and detected by immunoblotting with anti-digoxingenin-AP. After being excised from SDS-PAGE, the proteins bands were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS. Results: Several cellular proteins of hepG2 cell specifically bound to the core region of HCV RNA genome. The binding of cellular proteins to digoxin-labeled HCV core RNA was competed out in proportion to the increasing amount of unlabeled RNA. One of the HCV RNA-binding proteins was the B (brain) isozyme of human phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM-B) identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Conclusion: PGAM-B could specifically bind to the core region of HCV RNA genome in vitro.
Convergence rates for pretraining and dropout: Guiding learning parameters using network structure

Unsupervised pretraining and dropout have been well studied, especially with respect to regularization and output consistency. However, our understanding about the explicit convergence rates of the parameter estimates, and their dependence on the learning (like denoising and dropout rate) and structural (like depth and layer lengths) aspects of the network is less mature. An interesting question in this context is to ask if the network structure could "guide" the choices of such learning parameters. In this work, we explore these gaps between network structure, the learning mechanisms and their interaction with parameter convergence rates. We present a way to address these issues based on the backpropagation convergence rates for general nonconvex objectives using first-order information. We then incorporate two learning mechanisms into this general framework -- denoising autoencoder and dropout, and subsequently derive the convergence rates of deep networks. Building upon these bounds, we provide insights into the choices of learning parameters and network sizes that achieve certain levels of convergence accuracy. The results derived here support existing empirical observations, and we also conduct a set of experiments to evaluate them.
Aquaporin-Mediated Reduction in Maize Root Hydraulic Conductivity Impacts Cell Turgor and Leaf Elongation Even without Changing Transpiration1[W]

Root hydraulic conductivity in plants (Lpr) exhibits large variations in response to abiotic stimuli. In this study, we investigated the impact of dynamic, aquaporin-mediated changes of Lpr on leaf growth, water potential, and water flux throughout the plant. For this, we manipulated Lpr by subjecting roots to four independent treatments, with aquaporin inhibitors applied either to transpiring maize (Zea mays) plants grown in hydroponics or to detopped root systems for estimation of Lpr. The treatments were acid load at pH 6.0 and 5.0 and hydrogen peroxide and anoxia applied for 1 to 2 h and subsequently reversed. First, we established that acid load affected cell hydraulic conductivity in maize root cortex. Lpr was reduced by all treatments by 31% to 63%, with half-times of about 15 min, and partly recovered when treatments were reversed. Cell turgor measured in the elongating zone of leaves decreased synchronously with Lpr, and leaf elongation rate closely followed these changes across all treatments in a dose-dependent manner. Leaf and xylem water potentials also followed changes in Lpr. Stomatal conductance and rates of transpiration and water uptake were not affected by Lpr reduction under low evaporative demand. Increased evaporative demand, when combined with acid load at pH 6.0, induced stomatal closure and amplified all other responses without altering their synchrony. Root pressurization reversed the impact of acid load or anoxia on leaf elongation rate and water potential, further indicating that changes in turgor mediated the response of leaf growth to reductions in Lpr.
Towards the Application of Association Rules for Defeasible Rule Discovery

In this paper we investigate the feasibility of Knowledge Discovery from Databases (KDD) in order to facilitate the discovery of defeasible rules that represent the ratio decidendi underpinning legal decision making. Moreover we will argue in favour of Defeasible Logic as an appropriate formal system in which the extracted principles should be encoded.
Correctness of Hierarchical MCS Locks with Timeout

This manuscript serves as a correctness proof of the Hierarchical MCS locks with Timeout (HMCS-T) described in our paper titled "An Efficient Abortable-locking Protocol for Multi-level NUMA Systems" appearing in the proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming. HMCS-T is a very involved protocol. The system is stateful; the values of prior acquisition efforts affect the subsequent acquisition efforts. Also, the status of successors, predecessors, ancestors, and descendants affect steps followed by the protocol. The ability to make the protocol fully non-blocking leads to modifications to the \texttt{next} field, which causes deviation from the original MCS lock protocol both in acquisition and release. At several places, unconditional field updates are replaced with SWAP or CAS operations. We follow a multi-step approach to prove the correctness of HMCS-T. To demonstrate the correctness of the HMCS-T lock, we use the Spin model checking. Model checking causes a combinatorial explosion even to simulate a handful of threads. First, we understand the minimal, sufficient configurations necessary to prove safety properties of a single level of lock in the tree. We construct HMCS-T locks that represent these configurations. We model check these configurations, which proves the correctness of components of an HMCS-T lock. Finally, building upon these facts, we argue logically for the correctness of HMCS-T .
Ghost analogy detections in processing of image

The real world scenes have a very wide brightness ranks. In the objective photography, with ordinary cameras are not able to grasp the true dynamics of a natural scene. For DIR of the recorded can technically called as Highly Improve Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging is widely used. HDR is the capture process scenes with more intensity than the ranks of conventional sensors can capture. It may be true Capture the details in dark and bright atmosphere of the scene. In this article, the HDR generation method as merger exposure image and the area of multi-domain aspects were evaluated. This resulting in HDR imaging using multiple exposure technology were combined misalignment entry graphics, sound data sets and phantom objects. Removing these items is an important step in HDR reconstruction. Methods to eliminate noise and alignment are discussed in detail, and overview of ghost detection and removal technologies are provided in this document. Single shot HDR imaging is a new technology in the field of HDR reconstruction. Here, instead of taking multiple input images of the exhibition, one image is used to generate HDR. Various methods for one shot HDR imaging evaluated.
The Genome of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, a Model Organism of the Crenarchaeota

ABSTRACT Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is an aerobic thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon which grows optimally at 80°C and pH 2 in terrestrial solfataric springs. Here, we describe the genome sequence of strain DSM639, which has been used for many seminal studies on archaeal and crenarchaeal biology. The circular genome carries 2,225,959 bp (37% G+C) with 2,292 predicted protein-encoding genes. Many of the smaller genes were identified for the first time on the basis of comparison of three Sulfolobus genome sequences. Of the protein-coding genes, 305 are exclusive to S. acidocaldarius and 866 are specific to the Sulfolobus genus. Moreover, 82 genes for untranslated RNAs were identified and annotated. Owing to the probable absence of active autonomous and nonautonomous mobile elements, the genome stability and organization of S. acidocaldarius differ radically from those of Sulfolobus solfataricus and Sulfolobus tokodaii. The S. acidocaldarius genome contains an integrated, and probably encaptured, pARN-type conjugative plasmid which may facilitate intercellular chromosomal gene exchange in S. acidocaldarius. Moreover, it contains genes for a characteristic restriction modification system, a UV damage excision repair system, thermopsin, and an aromatic ring dioxygenase, all of which are absent from genomes of other Sulfolobus species. However, it lacks genes for some of their sugar transporters, consistent with it growing on a more limited range of carbon sources. These results, together with the many newly identified protein-coding genes for Sulfolobus, are incorporated into a public Sulfolobus database which can be accessed at http://dac.molbio. ku.dk/dbs/Sulfolobus .
3.5D dynamic PET image reconstruction incorporating kinetics-based clusters

Standard 3D dynamic positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging consists of independent image reconstructions of individual frames followed by application of appropriate kinetic model to the time activity curves at the voxel or region-of-interest (ROI). The emerging field of 4D PET reconstruction, by contrast, seeks to move beyond this scheme and incorporate information from multiple frames within the image reconstruction task. Here we propose a novel reconstruction framework aiming to enhance quantitative accuracy of parametric images via introduction of priors based on voxel kinetics, as generated via clustering of preliminary reconstructed dynamic images to define clustered neighborhoods of voxels with similar kinetics. This is then followed by straightforward maximum a posteriori (MAP) 3D PET reconstruction as applied to individual frames; and as such the method is labeled ‘3.5D’ image reconstruction. The use of cluster-based priors has the advantage of further enhancing quantitative performance in dynamic PET imaging, because: (a) there are typically more voxels in clusters than in conventional local neighborhoods, and (b) neighboring voxels with distinct kinetics are less likely to be clustered together. Using realistic simulated 11C-raclopride dynamic PET data, the quantitative performance of the proposed method was investigated. Parametric distribution-volume (DV) and DV ratio (DVR) images were estimated from dynamic image reconstructions using (a) maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM), and MAP reconstructions using (b) the quadratic prior (QP-MAP), (c) the Green prior (GP-MAP) and (d, e) two proposed cluster-based priors (CP-U-MAP and CP-W-MAP), followed by graphical modeling, and were qualitatively and quantitatively compared for 11 ROIs. Overall, the proposed dynamic PET reconstruction methodology resulted in substantial visual as well as quantitative accuracy improvements (in terms of noise versus bias performance) for parametric DV and DVR images. The method was also tested on a 90 min 11C-raclopride patient study performed on the high-resolution research tomography. The proposed method was shown to outperform the conventional method in visual as well as quantitative accuracy improvements (in terms of noise versus regional DVR value performance).
Impacts of Wind Power Minute-to-Minute Variations on Power System Operation

In this paper, minute-to-minute wind power variations are decomposed into slow, fast, and ramp components to assess the influence of each component on power system operation. Using detailed, long-term simulation models, this paper confirms that most power systems can absorb the impacts of wind power variations with little difficulty. Yet, since ramps in wind power and system demand could coincide, systems with limited ramping capabilities are at risk. It is shown that extending simulation models to include load dynamics and automatic generation control (AGC) time delays do not alter these conclusions. This paper also discusses wind penetration approaches and control area performance measures, linking the latter to the placement of the wind farms within the interconnection.
Ontology-Based Device Descriptions and Device Repository for Building Automation Devices

Device descriptions play an important role in the design and commissioning of modern building automation systems and help reducing the design time and costs. However, all established device descriptions are specialized for certain purposes and suffer from several weaknesses. This hinders a further design automation, which is strongly needed for the more and more complex building automation systems. To overcome these problems, this paper presents novel Ontology-based Device Descriptions (ODDs) along with a layered ontology architecture, a specific ontology view approach with virtual properties, a generic access interface, a triple store-based database backend, and a generic search mask GUI with underlying query generation algorithm. It enables a formal, unified, and extensible specification of building automation devices, ensures their comparability, and facilitates a computer-enabled retrieval, selection, and interoperability evaluation, which is essential for an automated design. The scalability of the approach to several ten thousand devices is demonstrated.
Simple and effective dynamic provisioning for power-proportional data centers

Energy consumption represents a significant cost in data center operation. A large fraction of the energy, however, is used to power idle servers when the workload is low. Dynamic provisioning techniques aim at saving this portion of the energy, by turning off unnecessary servers. In this paper, we explore how much gain knowing future workload information can bring to dynamic provisioning. In particular, we develop online dynamic provisioning solutions with and without future workload information available. We first reveal an elegant structure of the off-line dynamic provisioning problem, which allows us to characterize the optimal solution in a “divide-and-conquer” manner. We then exploit this insight to design two online algorithms with competitive ratios 2 - α and e/ (e - 1 + α), respectively, where 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 is the normalized size of a look-ahead window in which future workload information is available. A fundamental observation is that future workload information beyond the full-size look-ahead window (corresponding to α= 1) will not improve dynamic provisioning performance. Our algorithms are decentralized and easy to implement. We demonstrate their effectiveness in simulations using real-world traces.
Postprint Functional Dyspepsia Affects Woman More Than Men in Daily Life : A Case-Control Study in Primary Care

Background: Little is known about possible gender differences among patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). Few studies have measured health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with FD using a population-based control group as a reference. Objective: This study aimed to determine the degree of HRQoL impairment among patients with FD, assess the self-reported health impact resulting from the disease, and analyze any gender differences. Methods: A questionnaire that included the HRQoL Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey, the HAD Scale and other measurements was mailed to FD patients identified from medical records and control group randomly selected from the general population in the same geographical area. Responses to the SF-36 were transferred to a standard scale ranging from 0 (the worst possible score) to 100 (the best possible score). Results: A total of 176 patients with FD and 688 controls responded to the questionnaire. Responders were assigned to 2 gender-specific subgroups of 88 patients with FD and 344 randomly matched controls, all aged 18 to 65 years. HRQoL of the patients with FD was impaired in all SF-36 dimensions except one— role limitations caused by emotional problems compared with the controls. Female patients with FD had a significantly lower SF-36 score in the physical functioning dimension than did male patients (82.4 vs 90.5, respectively; P < 0.01). Both groups of patients with FD had impaired HRQoL compared with their respective control group in the dimensions of bodily pain (women: 69.3 vs 80.6; P < 0.001; and men: 75.8 vs 84.8; P < 0.001) and general health (women: 62.0 vs 75.6; P < 0.001; and men: 70.6 vs 78.6; P < 0.001). Additionally, women with FD had significant
National Identity and Immigrants’ Assimilation in France

Determination and changes of immigrants' identity resulting from intercultural contacts impact their socio-economic integration. To precisely assess individuals’ identity, we propose a continuous index which aims to overcome interpretation troubles faced by usual measures of ethnic identity. Then, we investigate the determinants of immigrants' ethnic identity in France. We compare our composite and continuous index exhibiting individuals' assimilation with a usual measure of ethnic identity – the national identity ("I feel French" dummy). We underline the importance of some sociodemographic characteristics in ethnic identity formation and detail immigrants' assimilation in France. We are thus able to show that cultural assimilation and national identity do not always coincide. It seems that the further the origin (in cultural terms), the higher the national identity, but the lower the assimilation. We also present evidence of second generations' identity convergence to natives’ one, either in terms of national identity (almost total commitment) or assimilation.
A Pilot Study of Trans-Arterial Injection of 166Holmium-Chitosan Complex for Treatment of Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Percutaneous approaches, such as percutaneous ethanol injection and radiofrequency ablation, have been most widely used for hepatocellular carcinoma patients who were not eligible for surgery. New technologies to improve the efficacy are currently needed. 166Holmium is a neutron activated radionuclide, and has several beneficial radiophysical characteristics for internal radiation therapy. 166Holmium-Chitosan complex, in which chitosan is chelated with 166Holmium, was developed as a radiopharmaceutical for cancer therapy. We have conducted a pilot study to evaluate the clinical efficacy of transarterial administration of 166Holmium-Chitosan complex in patients with a single and small (< 3 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma. 166Holmium-Chitosan complex, at a dose of 20 mCi per cm of tumor mass-diameter, was administered through the artery that directly fed the tumor. Twelve patients were treated with a median follow-up duration of 26 (range: 12-61) months. The tumor diameter ranged between 1.5 and 2.5 cm. Ten patients (83%) had complete response and two (17%) had partial response. The median complete response duration was not reached. The median AFP level declined from 83.8 to 8.3 ng/mL within 2 months after treatment. No grade III/IV toxicity was observed. Grade I and II toxicities were observed in four patients (2 abdominal pain, 1 fever, and 1 AST/ALT elevation). No toxic death occurred. This preliminary study shows a promising and durable complete response rate with an acceptable safety profile. Further studies with greater accrual of patients are warranted.