Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cultured Neurons from Mouse Brain Reproduce the Muscarinic Receptor Profile of Their Tissue of Origin

These studies investigate the regional variations in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) profiles in neuron populations of the CNS using primary neuron cultures derived from three areas of the mouse brain–the cerebral hemispheres, the mesencephalon and the medulla‐pons–that have distinct mAChR systems. We first assessed the extent to which neurons reproduced their in vivo properties in culture by monitoring the binding capacity, the pharmacological profiles and the levels of mAChR transcripts in neuron cultures and their tissues of origin. We showed that the primary neuron cultures accumulated mAChRs with initial rates similar to those in vivo, had pharmacological profiles very close to those of their area of origin, and accumulated m1, m2, m3, m4 and m5 receptor transcripts according to patterns resembling those in the tissues. We conclude that most of the characteristics of the mAChRs in a given area are proper to the neuron population of that area, that the pattern is established early in ontogenesis, and that it is reproduced in vitro. We also show that the stimulation of phosphoinositide turnover is mediated by mAChRs with distinct pharmacological profiles in neuron cultures from the three brain areas.
Coarse-to-Fine Attention Models for Document Summarization

Sequence-to-sequence models with attention have been successful for a variety of NLP problems, but their speed does not scale well for tasks with long source sequences such as document summarization. We propose a novel coarse-to-fine attention model that hierarchically reads a document, using coarse attention to select top-level chunks of text and fine attention to read the words of the chosen chunks. While the computation for training standard attention models scales linearly with source sequence length, our method scales with the number of top-level chunks and can handle much longer sequences. Empirically, we find that while coarse-to-fine attention models lag behind state-of-the-art baselines, our method achieves the desired behavior of sparsely attending to subsets of the document for generation.
Why DSM-III was right to introduce the concept of somatoform disorders.

From the Psychological Institute, University of Mainz; and the Psychological Institute, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Hiller, Psychological Institute, University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, D-55099 Mainz, Germany; hiller@mail.uni-mainz.de (e-mail). Copyright 2005 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine. An interesting debate about the adequacy of the somatoform disorders as a diagnostic and clinical concept has begun. The debate is stimulated by the announcement of APA’s preparation of DSM-V, which is likely to follow DSM-IV as the world’s most influential classification system for defining the terminology and diagnostic definitions of mental disorders. Because unexplained physical symptoms are extremely frequent and are associated with enormous economic burdens, adequate recognition, classification, and treatment are crucial. Different viewpoints for their classification may arise from different scientific positions but also from particular national, cultural, and professional traditions. In a recent editorial in Psychosomatics by Mayou et al., the specific viewpoint of British consultation-liaison psychiatrists was expressed. The expertise of consultationliaison psychiatrists in this field is plausible since the work of these colleagues provides the link between medicine and mental health, either for patients who are both medically and mentally ill or for those whose somatic symptoms are not attributable to a known medical disease. Mayou et al. make no secret of their disagreement with the current overall concept of somatoform disorders. Among others, their criticisms are with the following points:
Cross-sentence Pre-trained Model for Interactive QA matching

Semantic matching measures the dependencies between query and answer representations, it is an important criterion for evaluating whether the matching is successful. In fact, such matching does not examine each sentence individually, context information outside a sentence should be considered equally important to the syntactic context inside a sentence. We proposed a new QA matching model, built upon a cross-sentence context-aware architecture. An interactive attention mechanism with a pre-trained language model is proposed to automatically select salient positional answer representations that contribute more significantly to the answer relevance of a given question. In addition to the context information captured at each word position, we incorporate a new quantity of context information jump to facilitate the attention weight formulation. This reflects the amount of new information brought by the next word and is computed by modeling the joint probability between two adjacent word states. The proposed method is compared to multiple state-of-the-art ones evaluated using the TREC library, WikiQA, and the Yahoo! community question datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms satisfactorily the competing ones.
Evaluating the Permeability Distribution of a Layered Conductor by Inductance Spectroscopy

This paper presents an inverse method for determining the permeability distribution of a flat, layered conductor by using a multifrequency electromagnetic sensor. It discusses the use of spectroscopic techniques to extract depth profiles and examine more fully the internal structure of the test piece. The forward solution for a small right-cylindrical air-cored coil placed next to a layered conductor is based on the analytic solution provided by the transfer matrix approach. For the inverse solution, a modified Newton-Raphson method is used to adjust the permeability profile to fit a set of multifrequency inductances in a least-squared sense. The approximate Jacobian matrix (sensitivity matrix) is obtained by the perturbation method. The paper provides numerical results of the forward solution for cases of step and continuous permeability profiles. Inverse results based on experimental and simulated data verify the accuracy of this method, which yields good estimates for the permeability profile
FloDusTA: Saudi Tweets Dataset for Flood, Dust Storm, and Traffic Accident Events

The rise of social media platforms makes it a valuable information source of recent events and users’ perspective towards them. Twitter has been one of the most important communication platforms in recent years. Event detection, one of the information extraction aspects, involves identifying specified types of events in the text. Detecting events from tweets can help to predict real-world events precisely. A serious challenge that faces Arabic event detection is the lack of Arabic datasets that can be exploited in detecting events. This paper will describe FloDusTA, which is a dataset of tweets that we have built for the purpose of developing an event detection system. The dataset contains tweets written in both Modern Standard Arabic and Saudi dialect. The process of building the dataset starting from tweets collection to annotation by human annotators will be present. The tweets are labeled with four labels: flood, dust storm, traffic accident, and non-event. The dataset was tested for classification and the result was strongly encouraging.
Unified quantitative model of AMPA receptor trafficking at synapses

Trafficking of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) plays a key role in synaptic transmission. However, a general framework integrating the two major mechanisms regulating AMPAR delivery at postsynapses (i.e., surface diffusion and internal recycling) is lacking. To this aim, we built a model based on numerical trajectories of individual AMPARs, including free diffusion in the extrasynaptic space, confinement in the synapse, and trapping at the postsynaptic density (PSD) through reversible interactions with scaffold proteins. The AMPAR/scaffold kinetic rates were adjusted by comparing computer simulations to single-particle tracking and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments in primary neurons, in different conditions of synapse density and maturation. The model predicts that the steady-state AMPAR number at synapses is bidirectionally controlled by AMPAR/scaffold binding affinity and PSD size. To reveal the impact of recycling processes in basal conditions and upon synaptic potentiation or depression, spatially and temporally defined exocytic and endocytic events were introduced. The model predicts that local recycling of AMPARs close to the PSD, coupled to short-range surface diffusion, provides rapid control of AMPAR number at synapses. In contrast, because of long-range diffusion limitations, extrasynaptic recycling is intrinsically slower and less synapse-specific. Thus, by discriminating the relative contributions of AMPAR diffusion, trapping, and recycling events on spatial and temporal bases, this model provides unique insights on the dynamic regulation of synaptic strength.
Acquiring Social Knowledge about Personality and Driving-related Behavior

In this paper, we introduce our psychological approach to collect human-specific social knowledge from a text corpus, using NLP techniques. It is often not explicitly described but shared among people, which we call social knowledge. We focus on the social knowledge, especially personality and driving. We used the language resources that were developed based on psychological research methods; a Japanese personality dictionary (317 words) and a driving experience corpus (8,080 sentences) annotated with behavior and subjectivity. Using them, we automatically extracted collocations between personality descriptors and driving-related behavior from a driving behavior and subjectivity corpus (1,803,328 sentences after filtering) and obtained unique 5,334 collocations. To evaluate the collocations as social knowledge, we designed four step-by-step crowdsourcing tasks. They resulted in 266 pieces of social knowledge. They include the knowledge that might be difficult to recall by themselves but easy to agree with. We discuss the acquired social knowledge and the contribution to implementations into systems.
From Plant Infectivity to Growth Patterns: The Role of Blue-Light Sensing in the Prokaryotic World

Flavin-based photoreceptor proteins of the LOV (Light, Oxygen, and Voltage) and BLUF (Blue Light sensing Using Flavins) superfamilies are ubiquitous among the three life domains and are essential blue-light sensing systems, not only in plants and algae, but also in prokaryotes. Here we review their biological roles in the prokaryotic world and their evolution pathways. An unexpected large number of bacterial species possess flavin-based photosensors, amongst which are important human and plant pathogens. Still, few cases are reported where the activity of blue-light sensors could be correlated to infectivity and/or has been shown to be involved in the activation of specific genes, resulting in selective growth patterns. Metagenomics and bio-informatic analysis have only recently been initiated, but signatures are beginning to emerge that allow definition of a bona fide LOV or BLUF domain, aiming at better selection criteria for novel blue-light sensors. We also present here, for the first time, the phylogenetic tree for archaeal LOV domains that have reached a statistically significant number but have not at all been investigated thus far.
Measurements on the elasticity of the isolated rat lung.

Page 117. Richard W. Lawton and Doyle Joslin, "Measurements on the Elasticity of the Isolated Rat Lung. " Lines 11 to 7 from bottom of page, figure 7, and reference (12). Add the following statement: "At the end of a normal expiration the total lung volume is of the order of 5 cc. (12) or equivalent to the calculated V0 in this case. Tidal air should lie, therefore, between 0 and 1.0 to 1.5 cc. on the ordinate. "
Cd/Se/Te-based quantum dot 705 modulated redox homeostasis with hepatotoxicity in mice

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate whether quantum dot 705 (QD705) disrupts the cellular antioxidant systems leading to hepatotoxicity in mice. Mice were intravenously injected with QD705 and then sacrificed at week 12 or 16. Homeostasis of antioxidant-related metals, antioxidant activities, induction of oxidative stress, and toxicity in the liver were investigated. Although no histopathological change was observed, a time- and dose-dependent increase in metallothionein expression and reduction in liver function was noticed. Increased copper, zinc, and selenium levels and enhancements of the trace metal-corresponding transporters were noted at week 12. At week 16, a decline of selenium from its elevated level at week 12 was observed, which was accompanied by changes in glutathione peroxidase activity as well as in redox status. A significant reduction in superoxide dismutase activity was observed at 16 weeks. Furthermore, a corresponding elevation of heme oxygenase-1 expression, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha suggested the presence of oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage and inflammation.
Discourse Component to Sentence (DC2S): An Efficient Human-Aided Construction of Paraphrase and Sentence Similarity Dataset

Assessing the similarity of sentences and detecting paraphrases is an essential task both in theory and practice, but achieving a reliable dataset requires high resource. In this paper, we propose a discourse component-based paraphrase generation for the directive utterances, which is efficient in terms of human-aided construction and content preservation. All discourse components are expressed in natural language phrases, and the phrases are created considering both speech act and topic so that the controlled construction of the sentence similarity dataset is available. Here, we investigate the validity of our scheme using the Korean language, a language with diverse paraphrasing due to frequent subject drop and scramblings. With 1,000 intent argument phrases and thus generated 10,000 utterances, we make up a sentence similarity dataset of practically sufficient size. It contains five sentence pair types, including paraphrase, and displays a total volume of about 550K. To emphasize the utility of the scheme and dataset, we measure the similarity matching performance via conventional natural language inference models, also suggesting the multi-lingual extensibility.
Construct a Sense-Frame Aligned Predicate Lexicon for Chinese AMR Corpus

The study of predicate frame is an important topic for semantic analysis. Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) is an emerging graph based semantic representation of a sentence. Since core semantic roles defined in the predicate lexicon compose the backbone in an AMR graph, the construction of the lexicon becomes the key issue. The existing lexicons blur senses and frames of predicates, which needs to be refined to meet the tasks like word sense disambiguation and event extraction. This paper introduces the on-going project on constructing a novel predicate lexicon for Chinese AMR corpus. The new lexicon includes 14,389 senses and 10,800 frames of 8,470 words. As some senses can be aligned to more than one frame, and vice versa, we found the alignment between senses is not just one frame per sense. Explicit analysis is given for multiple aligned relations, which proves the necessity of the proposed lexicon for AMR corpus, and supplies real data for linguistic theoretical studies.
Outcomes Assessment of a Pharmacist-Directed Seamless Care Program in an Ambulatory Oncology Clinic

The primary goal of seamless care is improved patient outcomes and improved standards of care for patients with cancer. The pharmacy service of the Newfoundland Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation conducted a randomized control study that measured clinical and humanistic outcomes of a pharmacist-directed seamless care program in an ambulatory oncology clinic. This article focuses on the intervention group, particularly the identification of drug-related problems (DRPs) and utilization of health care services as well the satisfaction of 3 types of health professionals with the services provided by the pharmacist-directed seamless care program. Overall, the seamless care pharmacist (SCP) identified an average of 3.7 DRPs per intervention patient; the most common DRP reported was a patient not receiving or taking a drug therapy for which there is an indication. The SCP identified more DRPs in patients receiving adjuvant treatment compared to those receiving palliative treatment. On average, family physicians, oncology nurses, and hospital pharmacists were satisfied with the SCP intervention indicating that they agreed the information collected and distributed by the SCP was useful to them. Pharmacist-directed seamless care services in an ambulatory oncology clinic have a significant impact on clinical outcomes and processes of patient care. The presence of a SCP can help identify and resolve DRPs experienced by patients in an outpatient oncology clinic, ensuring that patients are receiving the highest standard of care.
Figure Me Out: A Gold Standard Dataset for Metaphor Interpretation

Metaphor comprehension and understanding is a complex cognitive task that requires interpreting metaphors by grasping the interaction between the meaning of their target and source concepts. This is very challenging for humans, let alone computers. Thus, automatic metaphor interpretation is understudied in part due to the lack of publicly available datasets. The creation and manual annotation of such datasets is a demanding task which requires huge cognitive effort and time. Moreover, there will always be a question of accuracy and consistency of the annotated data due to the subjective nature of the problem. This work addresses these issues by presenting an annotation scheme to interpret verb-noun metaphoric expressions in text. The proposed approach is designed with the goal of reducing the workload on annotators and maintain consistency. Our methodology employs an automatic retrieval approach which utilises external lexical resources, word embeddings and semantic similarity to generate possible interpretations of identified metaphors in order to enable quick and accurate annotation. We validate our proposed approach by annotating around 1,500 metaphors in tweets which were annotated by six native English speakers. As a result of this work, we publish as linked data the first gold standard dataset for metaphor interpretation which will facilitate research in this area.
Cultural Landscapes and Traditional Cultural Properties: A Southern Paiute View of the Grand Canyon and Colorado River

American Indian people typically want to provide the fullest protection possible for their cultural resources found beyond the bounds of tribal reservations. Federal and state land managers also want to protect these cultural resources, thus complying with cultural resource protection laws. Since the mid-1970s, when Indian concerns began to be formally incorporated into cultural studies, there has been a major gap between what Indian people want to protect and how much protection managers of non-reserved land are willing and able to provide. In general, Indian people desire holistic conservation which means "these are our lands, even if others control them, and we wish no further development or damage to occur here" (Stoffle and Evans 1990). Unfortunately, from an Indian perspective, few land managers are able to follow this desire. Often federal and state land managers are required by law to permit and even encourage development of the land and open public access. When development cannot be eliminated, Indian people are faced with a choice; they can either recommend certain places for protection or withdraw from participation and have projects proceed without Indian input. This decision results in what has been called cultural triage (Stoffle and Evans 1990). Today, many Indian people have selected places for protection and land managers have used these recommendations to minimize adverse impacts to cultural resources. A number of scientific procedures have been developed to help translate the cultural concerns of Indian people so land managers can make culturally appropriate decisions. One such procedure is calculating cultural significance of Indian plants, animals, and artifacts and using these numeric values to select places having the highest values for protection (Stoffle, Halmo, Olmsted, and Evans 1990). Calculating values for cultural resources does not replace Indian styles of expression, but is instead a parallel approach to the common goal of providing maximum protection to the most culturally significant resources and places. Cultural resource protection laws are another driving force behind the need to triage cultural resources and the places where they occur. Historically, these laws begin with the premise that some things and places are more important than others, so only the most significant places should be afforded protection. Once this premise is established, then determining the criteria for assign-
Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazinones and Analogues as PDE 5 Inhibitors Potentially Useful as Peripheral Vasodilator Agents

A series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazinones and analogues, potentially useful as peripheral vasodilators, were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of PDE5 extracted from human platelets. Several of them showed IC 50 values in the range 0.14-1.4 μM. A good activity and selectivity profile versus PDE6 was found for compound 11e (6-benzyl-3-methyl-1-isopropyl-4-phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazin-7(6H)-one). Structure-activity relationship studies demonstrated the essential role played by the benzyl group at position-6 of the pyrazolopyridazine system. Other types of pyridazinones fused with five and six membered heterocycles (pyrrole, isoxazole, pyridine and dihydropyridine), as well as some open models were prepared and evaluated. Besides the pyrazole, the best fused systems proved to be isoxazole and pyridine.
Inclusion of Lithological terms (rocks and minerals) in The Open Wordnet for English

We extend the Open WordNet for English (OWN-EN) with rock-related and other lithological terms using the authoritative source of GBA’s Thesaurus. Our aim is to improve WordNet to better function within Oil & Gas domain, particularly geoscience texts. We use a three step approach: a proof of concept-level extension of WordNet, a major extension on which we evaluate the impact with positive results and a full extension encompassing all GBA’s lithological terms. We also build a mapping to GBA which also links to several other resources: WikiData, British Geological Survey, Inspire, GeoSciML and DBpedia.
Dama Orchestra’s Shidaiqu Recontextualized in Theatre

This article examines how Dama Orchestra has recontextualized shidaiqu (时代 曲) in a theatrical setting. Dama Orchestra was originally a Chinese orchestral group in Malaysia that, due to economic crisis, changed its focus from classical music to staging the more popularly demanded shidaiqu. Shidaiqu is a southern Chinese song genre popular from 1920 to 1950 and typically performed in Malaysia during Phor Tor (Hungry Ghost Festival). It has remained popular with mature Chinese Malaysian audiences at ko-tai, pubs, and karaoke bars. By adapting it to a theatrical form in the late 1990s, Dama Orchestra transformed the popular and commercial nature of these songs into an elite musical theatre genre. Performed as a Westernized hybrid theatre, shidaiqu attracted serious music aficionados in Malaysia and was raised from its stigmatized position as genü maichang (sing-song girl entertainment). This article draws on participant observation work to report how Dama musicians re-Sinicized the orchestration of shidaiqu and combined it with theatrical elements to appeal to the diasporic Chinese community of Malaysia.