Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dengue surveillance based on a computational model of spatio-temporal locality of Twitter

Twitter is a unique social media channel, in the sense that users discuss and talk about the most diverse topics, including their health conditions. In this paper we analyze how Dengue epidemic is reflected on Twitter and to what extent that information can be used for the sake of surveillance. Dengue is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that is a leading cause of illness and death in tropical and subtropical regions, including Brazil. We propose an active surveillance methodology that is based on four dimensions: volume, location, time and public perception. First we explore the public perception dimension by performing sentiment analysis. This analysis enables us to filter out content that is not relevant for the sake of Dengue surveillance. Then, we verify the high correlation between the number of cases reported by official statistics and the number of tweets posted during the same time period (i.e., R2 = 0.9578). A clustering approach was used in order to exploit the spatio-temporal dimension, and the quality of the clusters obtained becomes evident when they are compared to official data (i.e., RandIndex = 0.8914). As an application, we propose a Dengue surveillance system that shows the evolution of the dengue situation reported in tweets, which is implemented in www.observatorio. inweb.org. br/dengue/.
Abnormal Cerebral Microstructure in Premature Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Abnormal cerebral microstructure has been documented in term neonates with congenital heart disease, portending risk for injury and poor neurodevelopmental outcome. Our hypothesis was that preterm neonates with congenital heart disease would demonstrate diffuse cerebral microstructural abnormalities when compared with critically ill neonates without congenital heart disease. A secondary aim was to identify any association between microstructural abnormalities, white matter injury (eg, punctate white matter lesions), and other clinical variables, including heart lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With the use of tract-based spatial statistics, an unbiased, voxelwise method for analyzing diffusion tensor imaging data, we compared 21 preterm neonates with congenital heart disease with 2 cohorts of neonates without congenital heart disease: 28 term and 27 preterm neonates, identified from the same neonatal intensive care unit. RESULTS: Compared with term neonates without congenital heart disease, preterm neonates with congenital heart disease had microstructural abnormalities in widespread regions of the central white matter. However, 42% of the preterm neonates with congenital heart disease had punctate white matter lesions. When neonates with punctate white matter lesions were excluded, microstructural abnormalities remained only in the splenium. Preterm neonates with congenital heart disease had similar microstructure to preterm neonates without congenital heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: Diffuse microstructural abnormalities were observed in preterm neonates with congenital heart disease, strongly associated with punctate white matter lesions. Independently, regional vulnerability of the splenium, a structure associated with visual spatial function, was observed in all preterm neonates with congenital heart disease.
MYTHOLOGIES OF WORK: A COMPARISON OF FIRMS IN STATE SOCIALISM AND ADVANCED CAPITALISM*

Comparative studies of capitalist and state socialist countries have rested on weak empirical bases, namely the comparison of ideal type models or comparisons of the realities (often distorted) of one society with an ideal type of the other. This is particularly true of the firm, which has remained a black box in conventional analyses of state socialism. On the basis of case studies of two comparable firms, one in the United States and one in Hungary, we criticize eight stereotypes that underly the presumption that state socialist firms are necessarily less efficient than capitalist firms. We then propose conditions under which capitalistfirms may be less technically efficient than state socialist firms.
Gay Dads are Happier: Subjective Well-Being Among Gay and Heterosexual Fathers

ABSTRACT With gay fatherhood increasing in numbers worldwide, and preliminary research showing that gay fathers might not experience the “parenthood paradox”—an increase in meaning in life along with a decrease in subjective well-being associated with becoming parents—it was our objective to compare gay fathers' well-being to that of heterosexual fathers. It was hypothesized that gay fathers would be higher on subjective well-being in general, and specifically on its global and cognitive aspects, but not on its affective aspects. This was based on the notion that by being parents, gay fathers may reach high subjective standards by which they compare themselves to others, which relates to their global and cognitive subjective well-being. However, both gay and heterosexual fathers experience similar daily events as parents, which should equally contribute to their affective subjective well-being. In order to test this hypothesis, 90 gay fathers were sampled from a larger sample of 317 Israeli men, and were compared with 90 individually matched heterosexual counterparts. In accordance with our hypothesis, gay fathers reported significantly higher levels of subjective well-being in comparison to heterosexual fathers, and only on its global and cognitive aspects. Possible interpretations of the findings were discussed.
Electrical Characterization of PEDOT:PSS Strips Deposited by Inkjet Printing on Plastic Foil for Sensor Manufacturing

Inkjet printing is a viable method for rapid and low-cost manufacturing of flexible sensors. In this paper, we study a technique for inkjet printing of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio-phene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) strips. A low-cost inkjet desktop printer is used for the fabrication of PEDOT:PSS resistive strips on polyimide substrates. Accounting for several geometries of printed PEDOT:PSS strips, we assess the variability of the fabrication process. Owing to the printing process, we can easily choose the width, length, and thickness. We found that printed strips on polyimide foils show a conductivity equal to 115 S/cm, which linearly increases with the strip thickness. The maximum variability is lower than 13%. The frequency analysis shows a purely resistive impedance in the frequency range investigated (100 Hz-100 kHz). Moreover, the strips folded up to 1000 times shows a resistance variation lower than 6%. The study demonstrates that inkjet printing is a viable method for the simple, fast, reliable, and low-cost fabrication of PEDOT:PSS-based sensors on plastic substrates and circuit interconnections.
The use of social media and people with intellectual disability: A systematic review and thematic analysis

ABSTRACT Background In this paper we present a systematic review of the evidence on the use of social media by people with intellectual disability. Method Ten primary studies published in the English language between January 2000 and June 2014 were identified from electronic database searches (CINAHL, PsychInfo, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus), correspondence with experts, and citation tracking. Results Nine themes were identified through thematic analysis of the texts: “safety and safeguarding,” “social identity,” “level of usage,” “support,” “relationships,” “happiness and enjoyment,” “communication and literacy skills,” “cyber-language and cyber-etiquette,” and “accessibility/design”. Conclusion Examination of these themes revealed that some people with intellectual disability are having positive experiences using social media in terms of friendships, development of social identity and self-esteem, and enjoyment. However, barriers that stop people with intellectual disability from successfully accessing social media were identified as being safeguarding concerns, difficulties caused by literacy and communication skills, cyber-language, cyber-etiquette, and accessibility (including lack of appropriate equipment).
X‐ray emission lines and multiphase gas in elliptical galaxies and galaxy clusters

ABSTRA C T We examine the K shell emission lines produced by isothermal and simple multiphase models of the hot gas in elliptical galaxies and galaxy clusters to determine the most effective means for constraining the width of the differential emission measure, j(T ), in these systems which we characterize by a dimensionless parameter, sj . Comparison of line ratios of two-temperatureOsj , 1U and cooling flowOsj , 1U models is presented in detail. We find that a two-temperature model can approximate very accurately a cooling flow spectrum over 0.5‐10 keV. We re-analyse the ASCA spectra of three of the brightest galaxy clusters to assess the evidence for multiphase gas in their cores: M87 (Virgo), the Centaurus cluster and the Perseus cluster. Ka emission-line blends of Si, S, Ar, Ca and Fe are detected in each system, as is significant Fe Kb emission. The Fe Kb/Ka ratios are consistent with optically thin plasma models and do not suggest resonance scattering in these systems. Consideration of both the ratios of H-like to He-like Ka lines and the local continuum temperatures clearly rules out isothermal gas in each case. To obtain more detailed constraints, we fitted plasma models over 1.6‐9 keV where the emission is dominated by these K shell lines and by continuum. In each case the ASCA spectra cannot determine whether the gas emits at only two temperatures or over a continuous range of temperatures as expected for a cooling flow. The metal abundances are near-solar for all of the multiphase models. We discuss the implications of these results and examine the prospects for determining the temperature structure in these systems with upcoming X-ray missions.
On the Distribution of Lexical Features at Multiple Levels of Analysis

Natural language processing has increasingly moved from modeling documents and words toward studying the people behind the language. This move to working with data at the user or community level has presented the field with different characteristics of linguistic data. In this paper, we empirically characterize various lexical distributions at different levels of analysis, showing that, while most features are decidedly sparse and non-normal at the message-level (as with traditional NLP), they follow the central limit theorem to become much more Log-normal or even Normal at the user- and county-levels. Finally, we demonstrate that modeling lexical features for the correct level of analysis leads to marked improvements in common social scientific prediction tasks.
The dual role of the contact system in bacterial infectious disease

Summary Hemostasis is a sensitive and tightly regulated process, involving the vascular endothelium and blood cells as well as factors of the coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades. Over the last four decades evidence has accumulated that during infection, inflammatory mediators from the microbe and/or host are capable to modulate the equilibrium between the procoagulant and anticoagulant status of the host. Dependent on the mode of activation, these changes can cause either local or systemic inflammatory reactions that may be beneficial or deleterious to the human host. The present review aims to present the state of the art with respect to the role of the contact system (also known as the intrinsic pathway of coagulation or the kallikrein/kinin system) in innate immunity and systemic inflammatory reactions.
Duodenal Chemosensing and Mucosal Defenses

The duodenal mucosa is exposed to endogenous and exogenous chemicals, including acid, CO2, bile acids and nutrients. Mucosal chemical sensors are necessary to exert physiological responses such as secretion, digestion, absorption, and motility. We propose a mucosal chemosensing system by which luminal chemicals are sensed via mucosal acid sensors and G-protein-coupled receptors. Luminal acid/CO2 sensing consists of ecto- and cytosolic carbonic anhydrases, epithelial ion transporters, and acid sensors expressed on the afferent nerves in the duodenum. Furthermore, a luminal L-glutamate signal is mediated via mucosal L-glutamate receptors, including metabotropic glutamate receptors and taste receptor 1 family heterodimers, with activation of afferent nerves and cyclooxygenase, whereas luminal Ca2+ is differently sensed via the calcium-sensing receptor in the duodenum. Recent studies also show the involvement of enteroendocrine G-protein-coupled receptors in bile acid and fatty acid sensing in the duodenum. These luminal chemosensors help activate mucosal defense mechanisms in or- der to maintain the mucosal integrity and physiological responses. Stimulation of luminal chemosensing in the duodenal mucosa may prevent mucosal injury, affect nutrient metabolism, and modulate sensory nerve activity.
A Dynamic Reputation Service for Spotting Spammers

This paper presents the design, implementation, evaluation, and initial deployment of SpamSpotter, the first open, large-scale, real-time reputation system for filtering spam. Existing blacklists (e.g., SpamHaus) have trouble keeping pace with spammers’ increasing ability to send spam from “fresh” IP addresses, and filters based purely on content are easily evadable. In contrast, SpamSpotter dynamically classifies email senders in real time based on their global sending behavior, rather than based on ephemeral features such as an IP address or the content of the message. In implementing SpamSpotter, we address significant challenges involving both dynamism (i.e., determining when to “retrain” our dynamic classification algorithms) and scale (i.e., maintaining fast, accurate performance in the face of tremendous email message volume). We have evaluated the performance and accuracy of SpamSpotter using traces from a large email-hosting provider and a spam appliance vendor that receives 300 million messages a day. Our evaluation shows that SpamSpotter is scalable, fast, and accurate. SpamSpotter is also operational today: it will currently answer queries from existing spam filtering software (e.g., SpamAssassin) with only minor configuration changes.
Using a multiple method and mixed mode approach to examine women entrepreneur negotiating styles

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore an optimal research design for research on women entrepreneurs involved in negotiating term sheets for private equity capital. This research explores new ways for researchers to connect with such current “invisibles” through the use of a mixed method and mixed mode research design to expand sampling options and secure respondent participation. The authors discuss existing data sets that have been used as secondary sources for data on financing of companies and consider their inadequacy for research questions about process issues in negotiation. The authors present process-related findings regarding the efficacy of the research design. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews research on research methodology, incorporating a discussion of practices outside of the entrepreneurship discipline to discover effective practices for identifying respondents and data not currently captured in entrepreneurship data sources. The respondents were found through .
A Practical Bottom-Up Algorithm for On-Line Parsing with Stochastic Context-Free Grammars

This article presents an on-line bottom-up parsing algorit hm for stochastic context-free grammars that, in addition to the usual functionalities of standard S CFG parsing algorithms, is able (1) to find theN -most probable parses of the input sequence; (2) to deal with multiple interpretations of sentences containing compound words; and (3) to deal with “out of vocabulary” words. Furthermore, the presented algorithm appears to be particular ly suitable for speech applications and is proved to be at least as efficient as the corresponding Earl ey-like or CYK-like algorithms. In terms of space complexity, even in the case where the number o f parse trees associated with a given input is exponential in its number of words ( n), the chart used by the algorithm for their representation remains O(n2) space complex.
Oil Price and Economic Growth: A Long Story?

This study investigates changes in the relationship between oil prices and the US economy from a long-term perspective. Although neither of the two series (oil price and GDP growth rates) presents structural breaks in mean, we identify different volatility periods in both of them, separately. From a multivariate perspective, we do not observe a significant effect between changes in oil prices and GDP growth when considering the full period. However, we find a significant relationship in some subperiods by carrying out a rolling analysis and by investigating the presence of structural breaks in the multivariate framework. Finally, we obtain evidence, by means of a time-varying VAR, that the impact of the oil price shock on GDP growth has declined over time. We also observe that the negative effect is greater at the time of large oil price increases, supporting previous evidence of nonlinearity in the relationship.
Harmonic minimization using PSO technique for CMLI with unequal and equal DC sources

Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (CMLI) is widely used in high power and high voltage applications in electric utility and industrial drives. The quality of output voltage waveform is an important consideration when directly feeding such drives and therefore its Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) becomes a significant parameter. In this article, the output voltage THD of the inverter has been minimized for both symmetrical and asymmetrical configurations using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. The proposed approach is an evolutionary and simple robust stochastic search algorithm which overcomes the limitations of Resultant Theory and Newton Raphson method. In this paper, simulation results for 11-level and 13-level CMLI have been presented. These results show that the proposed PSO method is capable of mitigating the harmonic content to as low as 3.87 percent for 13-level CMLI and 4.43 percent for 11-level CMLI. The results have been verified using MATLAB/SIMULINK and harmonic spectrum analyzed using Fast Fourier Transform window.
The Transfer from a Major Sport Event to a Sponsoring Brand: Vision of the Sport Tourist

The aim of the chapter is to analyze how sport visitors transferred perceived value and experience of the event to the sponsoring brand. Therefore, based on tourist behavior model and theories of sport sponsorship, a global model of sponsorship in major sport event whose axis is based on the models applied to transfer value and experience arises. Furthermore, the model includes the backgrounds that determine the behavior of visitors towards the sport event and the effects derived from the attendance to the event and the sports sponsorship action. Results show that perceived value is not transferred; however, the experience of the event is indeed transferred to the sponsoring brand. Additionally, the effect of experience on the perceived value is observed and can confirm the motivation, identification, and involvement as backgrounds of the model, together with all the proposed effects.
Alteration of distortion product otoacoustic emission input/output functions in subjects with a previous history of middle ear dysfunction

Summary Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sub-clinical alterations on the amplitudes and slopes of the DPOAE input-output responses from subjects with previous history of middle ear dysfunction. Material/Methods The study included 15 subjects with and 15 subjects without a history of otitis media in the last 10 years. All participants were assessed with acoustic immittance, pure-tone audiometry, and DPOAEs. For the later, I/O functions and I/O slopes were estimated at 1501, 2002, 3174, 4004 and 6384Hz. Results No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups in terms of behavioral thresholds. The group with a previous history of middle ear dysfunction presented significantly lower mean DPOAE amplitudes at 2002, 3174 and 4004 Hz. In terms of DPOAE slopes, no statistically significant differences were observed at the tested frequencies, except at 3174 Hz. Conclusions Middle ear pathologies can produce subclinical alterations that are undetectable with traditional pure-tone audiometry. The data from the present study show that reduced amplitude DPOAEs are associated with a previous history of middle ear complications. The corresponding DPOAE slopes were affected at only 1 tested frequency, suggesting that the cochlear non-linearity is preserved. Considering these results, it remains to be elucidated to what degree the DPOAE amplitude attenuation interferes with higher-order auditory tasks.
Dimensionality Reduction of Hyperspectral Images With Sparse Discriminant Embedding

Sparse manifold learning has drawn more and more attentions recently, and sparsity preserving projections (SPP) has been proposed, which inherits the advantages of sparse reconstruction. However, SPP only focuses on the sparse structure, ignoring the discriminant information of labeled samples. In this paper, we proposed a new supervised dimensionality reduction method, which is called sparse discriminant embedding (SDE), for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. SDE utilizes the merits of both intermanifold structure and sparsity property. It not only preserves the sparse reconstructive relations through l1-graph but also enhances the intermanifold separability of data, and the discriminating power of SDE is further improved than SPP. Experiments on two real HSIs collected by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer and Reflective Optics System Imaging Spectrometer sensors are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SDE method.
A self organizing document map algorithm for large scale hyperlinked data inspired by neuronal migration

Web document clustering is one of the research topics that is being pursued continuously due to the large variety of applications. Since Web documents usually have variety and diversity in terms of domains, content and quality, one of the technical difficulties is to find a reasonable number and size of clusters. In this research, we pay attention to SOMs (Self Organizing Maps) because of their capability of visualized clustering that helps users to investigate characteristics of data in detail. The SOM is widely known as a "scalable" algorithm because of its capability to handle large numbers of records. However, it is effective only when the vectors are small and dense. Although several research efforts on making the SOM scalable have been conducted, technical issues on scalability and performance for sparse high-dimensional data such as hyperlinked documents still remain. In this paper, we introduce MIGSOM, an SOM algorithm inspired by a recent discovery on neuronal migration. The two major advantages of MIGSOM are its scalability for sparse high-dimensional data and its clustering visualization functionality. In this paper, we describe the algorithm and implementation, and show the practicality of the algorithm by applying MIGSOM to a huge scale real data set: Wikipedia's hyperlink data.