Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Students’ Perspectives on Learning Environments: Factors Affecting Their Satisfaction and Emotions in School

Children spend most of their waking time in school; therefore, experience in school is a major domain in the life of children. Aside from academic achievement as one of the indicator of school effectiveness, students’ affective status, such as their state of school satisfaction and emotions, need to be given more attention by parents and educators because its impact on their social-emotional development. There is a paradoxical finding from research that while there is no problem in achieving good academic outcomes, many students report dissatisfaction with their school or learning experiences. Hence, it is important to explore the experience of students of their school. In this study, the thinking and the feelings of Jakarta Indonesia primary school students about school are explored through students’ written stories or drawings and through focus group interviews. As the subjects of education who have rights to be heard, students’ voices can be a communicative power to highlight the realities of their life in classrooms and schools. Students’ perspectives on their learning environments reflect how they construct meaning of their school experience. Emerging themes of this study are used to identify what factors of the learning environments impact on students’ school satisfaction and emotions in school. The result of this study shows that the psychosocial school environment is a pivotal aspect that influences students’ feelings and emotions in school. Different perspectives of students across the schools are valuable information in providing them with a better learning environment.
Exception Fault Localization in Android Applications

In software programs, most of the time, there is a chance of error, even though they are tested carefully. Finding error-related pieces of code is one of the most complicated tasks and it can make incorrect results if done manually. Semi-automated and fully-automated methods have been introduced to overcome this issue. The rapid growth of developing Smart Mobile Applications (SMAs) in recent years, competition among the development teams and many other factors have increased the chance of errors, and hence, the quality of these applications have reduced. There are two approaches to test SMAs in order to reach a high degree of quality: (i) using existing traditional methods and adapting them to SMA environments and (ii) introducing new special methods for SMAs. In this paper, we introduce a semi-automated hybrid method to localize exception errors in Android applications. The proposed approach includes the following three phases: extraction, execution and evaluation. In the extraction phase, all the information about the application under the test (AUT) such as the activity and object properties will be extracted. In the execution phase, we generate a set of test cases and execute them on the AUT. In the evaluation phase, we use test case traces, variable value patterns, and backward static slicing techniques to rank lines of application source code with respect to their relevance to that fault. To support localization of multiple errors in a single run of the approach, we introduce a classification measure on test case traces. Evaluations on nine open source Android applications of different sizes show that our method is effective in practice.
Sponge Systematics by Starfish: Predators Distinguish Cryptic Sympatric Species of Caribbean Fire Sponges, Tedania ignis and Tedania klausi n. sp. (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)

Tedania ignis (Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1864), the fire sponge, is common throughout the tropical western Atlantic, and is a popular species for studies of ecology, larval biology, and chemistry. T. ignis is readily consumed by seagrass-dwelling starfish, and so finding sponges similar to this species in a seagrass meadow provoked closer scrutiny. A variety of ecological, morphological, and molecular traits consistently and unambiguously distinguish T. ignis from a cryptic sympatric congener, here described as Tedania klausi, n. sp. Starfish that consume T. ignis reject T. klausi, and angelfish consume T. klausi less quickly. In Belize, T. ignis individuals transplanted to a seagrass meadow inhabited by T. klausi were consumed by starfish, and individuals of T. klausi transplanted to a mangrove-lined creek in which T. ignis flourishes, died. In Panama, many individuals of T. klausi were diseased in May 2004, while adjacent individuals of T. ignis were unaffected. Spicule types are the same in the two forms, and sizes overlap; but within individuals, the relative sizes of styles and tylotes differ in a pattern that distinguishes the two forms. Comparison of DNA sequences for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) revealed that 8 single nucleotide mutations consistently differ between the two forms regardless of habitat (seagrass vs. mangrove) and geographically separated sites (Belize vs. Panama).
Generalization of the Goldbach-Polignac conjectures and estimation of counting functions

We develop an asymptotic prime counting function based on the sieve process of Erathostenes. This function can be generalized to include a finite set of conditions imposed on sums (generalized Goldbach conditions) or differences (generalized Polignac conditions) of M primes. With one additive condition for two primes p1, p2 (M=2) with p1+p2=E, the generalized counting function approximates the number of Goldbach partitions and its average lower bound. Its relative errors decrease with increasing even number E, and so enable it to explain the structure of the Goldbach-pair counting function. With one subtractive condition for two primes (M=2), the number of prime pairs with a given distance (e.g. twin primes with distance 2) in the interval 2.Z (Z=integer) can be estimated. For more than two primes (M>2), additive and subtractive conditions can be mixed. As examples, counting functions are considered to investigate strings of M=5 or more equidistant primes, twin-Goldbach pairs (M=4), and well known triplets (M=3) or quadruplets (M=4). The generalized counting function is based on an equality assumption we cannot prove (a proof would be equivalent to a simultaneous proof for the Goldbach conjecture and other conjectures involving more than 2 primes). However, reasons given for its validity include an observed scaling relation for the quasi-random errors of the generalized counting function, leading to a heuristic "proof" for the Goldbach conjecture. The problem Instead of trying to solve one of the hardest problems in number theory, we make the task even more difficult! Beyond asking for at least one prime pair adding up to a given even number E, we are e.g. interested in the number of prime pairs p1+p2=E that are at the same time members of twin primes in such a way that p1-2 and p2+2 are also primes. For E=36 the three twin-Goldbach pairs would be 7+29, 19+17 and 31+5. For which E≥12 are there solutions and how many? Our generalized counting function answers these and other questions with an accuracy quickly increasing with increasing E. Does our method show a way heading towards a proof of the Goldbach conjecture? Introduction Goldbach's conjecture from 1742 states that every even integer E>2 can be expressed as sum of two primes (in the following called Goldbach pairs or Goldbach partitions). Though computer-based numerical tests have confirmed the theorem up to 4·10 (and ongoing computations have increased this limit to over 8·10), it resisted any formal mathematical proof up to now. Polignac's conjecture from 1849 states that there exist infinitely many pairs of consecutive primes with any given even difference D≥2. A necessary condition for the conjectures to be valid is, that
An argumentation based feedback system for action planning of service robots

This paper focuses on the problem of preference satisfaction in service planning of a group of service robots, especially on how to realize a feedback architecture for enhance service quality. Preferences from service users and service robots are set as arguments in an argumentation framework. The argumentation process leads to a mixed set of preferences and constraints without inner conflicts, excluding the preferences that cause conflicts. The argumentation result are utilized to generate service plan via a projection-like algorithm, and also sent back to users and robots, who may change there habit on raising preference so as to avoid conflicts in the next planning. Preference considered including static preference and temporal preference. Case study on office service is proposed to show the effectiveness and characteristics of the proposed framework.
Longevity and Aggregate Savings

Two salient features of modern economic growth are the rise in aggregate savings rates and the steady increase in life expectancy. This paper links these processes, showing that under certain conditions economic theory supports the hypothesis that increased longevity leads to higher aggregate savings in steady state. The analysis is based on a lifecycle model with uncertain longevity in which individuals choose an optimum consumption path and a retirement age. Conditions on the age-specific pattern of improvements in survival probabilities are shown to ensure that individual savings rise with longevity and that aggregation preserves this result. Population theory (Coale (1972)) is used to link the steady-state age density function and the population's growth rate to individuals' survival probabilities. The importance of a competitive annuity market in avoiding unintended bequests is underscored.
Non-rigid image registration through efficient discrete optimization

Discrete optimization offers attractive capabilities for non-rigid medical image registration. Based on previous work on stereo vision with large displacement spaces, we propose a novel non-rigid registration method. The main idea to minimize the computational burden to constant time complexity is to reduce the search space hierarchically from coarse to fine levels. The large search space helps us to avoid local minima in the optimization scheme. We apply our method to a number of challenging registration tasks. Our approach compares very favourably against state-of-the-art registration methods.
Molecular Docking Simulation of Short-Chain Four Disulphide Bridged Scorpion Toxins with Structural Model of Human Voltage-Gated Potassium

We report structural model of the human voltage-gated potassium ion channel Kv1.3 obtained based on the crystallographic structure of KcsA by homology modeling. Molecular docking simulations were performed between the model structure of Kv1.3 channel with three short-chain four disulphide bridged scorpion toxins HsTX1 from the venom of Heterometrus spinnifer (Scorpionidae), maurotoxin (MTX) from Scorpiomaurus palmatus and Pandinus toxin 1(Pi1) from Pandinus imperator which belongs to the -KTx6 subfamily. By integrating the homology modeling and docking simulations we obtained the three dimensional structures of toxin-channel complexes. The final docked complexes were then subject to minimization with CHARMM force field and investigated key interacting residues, electrostatic interaction energies, binding free energies, disulphide bridge pairing determination, folding pattern, hydrogen bond formation, hydrophobic contacts and flexibilities between selected scorpion toxins to the Kv1.3 channel.
Human robot interaction can boost robot's affordance learning: A proof of concept

Affordance, being one of the key building blocks behind how we interact with the environment, is also studied widely in robotics from different perspectives, for navigation, for task planning, etc. Therefore, the study is mostly focused on affordances of individual objects and for robot environment interaction, and such affordances have been mostly perceived through vision and physical interaction. However, in a human centered environment, for a robot to be socially intelligent and exhibit more natural interaction behavior, it should be able to learn affordances also through day-to-day verbal interaction and that too from the perspective of what does the presence of a specific set of objects affords to provide. In this paper, we will present the novel idea of verbal interaction based multi-object affordance learning and a framework to achieve that. Further, an instantiation of the framework on the real robot within office context is analyzed. Some of the potential future works and applications, such as fusing with activity pattern and interaction grounding will be briefly discussed.
Risk of Chromosomal Abnormalities in Early Spontaneous Abortion after Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Meta-Analysis

Background Studies on the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in early spontaneous abortion after assisted reproductive technology (ART) are relatively controversial and insufficient. Thus, to obtain a more precise evaluation of the risk of embryonic chromosomal abnormalities in first-trimester miscarriage after ART, we performed a meta-analysis of all available case–control studies relating to the cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal abnormalities in first-trimester miscarriage after ART. Methods Literature search in the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) based on the established strategy. Meta-regression, subgroup analysis, and Galbraith plots were conducted to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Results A total of 15 studies with 1,896 cases and 1,186 controls relevant to the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in first- trimester miscarriage after ART, and 8 studies with 601 cases and 602 controls evaluating frequency of chromosome anomaly for maternal age≥35 versus <35 were eligible for the meta-analysis. No statistical difference was found in risk of chromosomally abnormal miscarriage compared to natural conception and the different types of ART utilized, whereas the risk of fetal aneuploidy significantly increased with maternal age≥35 (OR 2.88, 95% CI: 1.74–4.77). Conclusions ART treatment does not present an increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities occurring in a first trimester miscarriage, but incidence of fetal aneuploidy could increase significantly with advancing maternal age.
Extensions of Kmeans-Type Algorithms: A New Clustering Framework by Integrating Intracluster Compactness and Intercluster Separation

Kmeans-type clustering aims at partitioning a data set into clusters such that the objects in a cluster are compact and the objects in different clusters are well separated. However, most kmeans-type clustering algorithms rely on only intracluster compactness while overlooking intercluster separation. In this paper, a series of new clustering algorithms by extending the existing kmeans-type algorithms is proposed by integrating both intracluster compactness and intercluster separation. First, a set of new objective functions for clustering is developed. Based on these objective functions, the corresponding updating rules for the algorithms are then derived analytically. The properties and performances of these algorithms are investigated on several synthetic and real-life data sets. Experimental studies demonstrate that our proposed algorithms outperform the state-of-the-art kmeans-type clustering algorithms with respect to four metrics: accuracy, RandIndex, Fscore, and normal mutual information.
NICMOS and VLBA observations of the gravitational lens system B1933+503

NICMOS observations of the complex gravitational lens system B1933+503 reveal infrared counterparts to two of the inverted-spectrum radio images. The infrared images have arc-like structures. The corresponding radio images are also detected in a VLBA map made at 1.7 GHz with a resolution of 6 mas. We fail to detect two of the four inverted radio spectrum components with the VLBA even though they are clearly visible in a MERLIN map at the same frequency at a different epoch. The absence of these two components could be due to rapid variability on a time-scale less than the time delay, or to broadening of the images during propagation of the radio waves through the ISM of the lensing galaxy. The degree of scatter-broadening must be sufficient that the missing images fall below the surface brightness detectability threshold of the VLBA observations. The variability explanation is the least plausible. The failure to detect the same two images with NICMOS is probably due to extinction in the ISM of the lensing galaxy.
Hybrid Poisson and multi-Bernoulli filters

The probability hypothesis density (PHD) and multitarget multi-Bernoulli (MeMBer) filters are two leading algorithms that have emerged from random finite sets (RFS). In this paper we study a method which combines these two approaches. Our work is motivated by a recent paper, which proves that the full Bayes RFS filter naturally incorporates a Poisson component representing targets that have never been detected, and a linear combination of multi-Bernoulli components representing targets under track. Here we demonstrate the benefit (in speed of track initiation) that maintenance of a Poisson component of never detected targets provides. Subsequently, we propose a method of recycling, which projects Bernoulli components with a low probability of existence onto the Poisson component (as opposed to deleting them). We show that this allows us to achieve similar tracking performance using a fraction of the number of Bernoulli components (i.e., tracks).
Design of compact planar inverted-F antennas loaded with LC resonators

In this paper, novel designs of LC resonator loaded multi-band planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) are presented. The LC resonators possess inherent electric and/or magnetic resonances, which is responsible for the multi-band characteristics induced in the PIFA. The use of single-band and dual-band LC resonator with the reference PIFA results in dual-band and tri-band characteristics respectively. Ansys HFSS simulation as well as measurements confirm quasi-omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the working bands of the proposed multi-band PIFA antennas. Experiments on fabricated prototypes validate the design methodology introduced in this paper. The proposed antennas are capable of operating in the DCS/WLAN/WiMAX/LTE2300/LTE2500 frequency bands.
Tracking Human Position and Lower Body Parts Using Kalman and Particle Filters Constrained by Human Biomechanics

In this paper, a novel framework for visual tracking of human body parts is introduced. The approach presented demonstrates the feasibility of recovering human poses with data from a single uncalibrated camera by using a limb-tracking system based on a 2-D articulated model and a double-tracking strategy. Its key contribution is that the 2-D model is only constrained by biomechanical knowledge about human bipedal motion, instead of relying on constraints that are linked to a specific activity or camera view. These characteristics make our approach suitable for real visual surveillance applications. Experiments on a set of indoor and outdoor sequences demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on tracking human lower body parts. Moreover, a detail comparison with current tracking methods is presented.
Review on Fuzzy Authorization for Cloud Storage

Cloud computing is a widely accepted technology that delivers many services over internet. The services includes storage, easy access from anywhere at any time and also minimum device memory utility. Inorder to provide security and privacy of data many authorization schemes are used. OAuth scheme is one of the most commonly used authorization scheme. But it cannot be used in the case of heterogeneous clouds. To overcome this difficulty, Fuzzy Authorization scheme was proposed. In this scheme, modified Ciphertext Policy-Attribute Based Encryption (CP-ABE) and OAuth schemes are used. This scheme provides the facility for an application that is present in one cloud party to access data that is stored in another cloud party. Fuzzy Authorization is a reading authorization scheme and data modification can only be done by data owner. When a data is modified, the application’s right of accessing the data will be automatically canceled. By making use of Linear Secret Sharing Scheme and GRS code this scheme has become more scalable and flexible. The implementation is done by using simulator OMNET++4.2. 2 and cryptographic part is done by using Pairing Based Cryptographic(PBC)library. Simulation results shows that this scheme is more secure and efficient. Different access control schemes are compared in this paper based on many parameters.
India Ink Incorporated Multifunctional Phase-transition Nanodroplets for Photoacoustic/Ultrasound Dual-modality Imaging and Photoacoustic Effect Based Tumor Therapy

The in vivo applications of gas-core microbubbles have been limited by gas diffusion, rapid body clearance, and poor vascular permeability. To overcome these limitations, using a modified three-step emulsion process, we have developed a first-of-its-kind India ink incorporated optically-triggerable phase-transition perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (INDs) that can provide not only three types of contrast mechanisms—conventional/thermoelastic photoacoustic, phase-transition/nonlinear photoacoustic, and ultrasound imaging contrasts, but also a new avenue for photoacoustic effect mediated tumor therapy. Upon pulsed laser illumination above a relatively low energy threshold, liquid-gas phase transition of the INDs has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, offering excellent contrasts for photoacoustic and ultrasound dual-modality imaging. With further increased laser energy, the nanodroplets have been shown to be capable of destructing cancer cells in vivo, presumably due to the photoacoustic effect induced shock-wave generation from the carbon particles of the incorporated India ink. The demonstrated results suggest that the developed multifunctional phase-transition nanodroplets have a great potential for many theranostic biomedical applications, including photoacoustic/ultrasound dual-modality molecular imaging and targeted, localized cancer therapy.
Attentional Functions in Dorsal and Ventral Simultanagnosia

Whole report of brief letter arrays is used to analyse basic attentional deficits in dorsal and ventral variants of simultanagnosia. Using Bundesen's Theory of Visual Attention (TVA), a number of previous theoretical suggestions are formalised and tested, including primary deficit in processing more than one display element, attentional stickiness, foveal bias, and global weakness of the visual representation. Interestingly, data from two cases, one dorsal and one ventral, show little true deficit in simultaneous perception, or selective deficit in those TVA parameters (short‐term memory capacity, attentional weighting) specifically associated with multi‐element displays. Instead there is a general reduction in speed of visual processing (processing rate in TVA), effective even for a single display element but compounded when two or more elements compete.