Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Nomogram to Predict Survival After Surgery for Synchronous Multiple Lung Cancers in Multiple Lobes

Introduction: In the absence of metastatic disease, surgery for synchronous non–small-cell lung cancers involving multiple lobes can be curative. However, there currently exists no reliable prognostic instrument for this patient population after surgery. We undertook an analysis to examine the prognostic significance of adenocarcinoma histology and developed a prognostic nomogram. Methods: This study was a pooled analysis of six previously reported datasets. Patients without extra-thoracic metastasis who underwent surgical resection of synchronous lung cancers in multiple lobes were included. Those with small cell cancer, carcinoid tumor, or exclusively carcinoma in situ were excluded. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was fitted to identify independent survival predictors for nomogram development. Results: Data from 467 patients were analyzed. Adenocarcinoma was a sole histology in 253 patients (54.2%). Those with exclusively adenocarcinoma histology had a better median survival than their counterparts: 67.4 versus 36.2 months, (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis incorporating histology, sex, age, maximal T-size, highest N-stage, and laterality demonstrated that having exclusively adenocarcinoma histology independently predicted an improved survival: hazard ratio 0.61 (95% confidence interval: 0.48, 0.78). Other favorable survival predictors were N0, T-size less than or equal to 3 cm, bilateral cancers, age less than 70 years, and women sex. The developed nomogram was well calibrated and demonstrated a moderate to good discrimination with a bootstrap-corrected Harrell C-statistic of 0.70. Conclusion: Several unique features among patients with resected synchronous multiple lung cancers, including the presence of exclusively adenocarcinoma histology, are of prognostic significance. A simple nomogram incorporating these factors can be utilized to predict patient survival with acceptable accuracy.
A nonlinear observer-based fault tolerant concept in IPMSM drive

This paper describes new controller architecture to enhance an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) drive robust to current sensor failure. In order to increase the reliability which is crucial topic in industrial applications a virtual sensor (nonlinear observer) and a voting algorithm are combined with the actual sensors to create fault tolerant controller. It is assumed that stator resistances are unknown. An observer based on adaptive backstepping approach is used to estimate currents and stator resistance. This approach is suitable for low cost applications, where the position sensor cannot be removed to guarantee accurate position tracking, as well as back up virtual sensors in a fault resilient drive. The nonlinear observer stability study based on the Lyapunov theory guarantees the stability and convergence of the estimated quantities, if an appropriate adaptation laws are designed and persistency of excitation condition is satisfied. In our control approach, references of d-q axis currents are generated on the basis of maximum power factor per ampere control strategy related to this motor. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is shown by simulation results.
PsbI Affects the Stability, Function, and Phosphorylation Patterns of Photosystem II Assemblies in Tobacco*

Photosystem II (PSII) core complexes consist of CP47, CP43, D1, D2 proteins and of several low molecular weight integral membrane polypeptides, such as the chloroplast-encoded PsbE, PsbF, and PsbI proteins. To elucidate the function of PsbI in the photosynthetic process as well as in the biogenesis of PSII in higher plants, we generated homoplastomic knock-out plants by replacing most of the tobacco psbI gene with a spectinomycin resistance cartridge. Mutant plants are photoautotrophically viable under green house conditions but sensitive to high light irradiation. Antenna proteins of PSII accumulate to normal amounts, but levels of the PSII core complex are reduced by 50%. Bioenergetic and fluorescence studies uncovered that PsbI is required for the stability but not for the assembly of dimeric PSII and supercomplexes consisting of PSII and the outer antenna (PSII-LHCII). Thermoluminescence emission bands indicate that the presence of PsbI is required for assembly of a fully functional QA binding site. We show that phosphorylation of the reaction center proteins D1 and D2 is light and redox-regulated in the wild type, but phosphorylation is abolished in the mutant, presumably due to structural alterations of PSII when PsbI is deficient. Unlike wild type, phosphorylation of LHCII is strongly increased in the dark due to accumulation of reduced plastoquinone, whereas even upon state II light phosphorylation is decreased in ΔpsbI. These data attest that phosphorylation of D1/D2, CP43, and LHCII is regulated differently.
Processing of Intraoral Olfactory and Gustatory Signals in the Gustatory Cortex of Awake Rats

The integration of gustatory and olfactory information is essential to the perception of flavor. Human neuroimaging experiments have pointed to the gustatory cortex (GC) as one of the areas involved in mediating flavor perception. Although GC's involvement in encoding the chemical identity and hedonic value of taste stimuli is well studied, it is unknown how single GC neurons process olfactory stimuli emanating from the mouth. In this study, we relied on multielectrode recordings to investigate how single GC neurons respond to intraorally delivered tastants and tasteless odorants dissolved in water and whether/how these two modalities converge in the same neurons. We found that GC neurons could either be unimodal, responding exclusively to taste (taste-only) or odor (odor-only), or bimodal, responding to both gustatory and olfactory stimuli. Odor responses were confirmed to result from retronasal olfaction: monitoring respiration revealed that exhalation preceded odor-evoked activity and reversible inactivation of olfactory receptors in the nasal epithelium significantly reduced responses to intraoral odorants but not to tastants. Analysis of bimodal neurons revealed that they encode palatability significantly better than the unimodal taste-only group. Bimodal neurons exhibited similar responses to palatable tastants and odorants dissolved in water. This result suggested that odorized water could be palatable. This interpretation was further supported with a brief access task, where rats avoided consuming aversive taste stimuli and consumed the palatable tastants and dissolved odorants. These results demonstrate the convergence of the chemosensory components of flavor onto single GC neurons and provide evidence for the integration of flavor with palatability coding. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Food perception and choice depend upon the concurrent processing of olfactory and gustatory signals from the mouth. The primary gustatory cortex has been proposed to integrate chemosensory stimuli; however, no study has examined the single-unit responses to intraoral odorant presentation. Here we found that neurons in gustatory cortex can respond either exclusively to tastants, exclusively to odorants, or to both (bimodal). Several differences exist between these groups' responses; notably, bimodal neurons code palatability significantly better than unimodal neurons. This group of neurons might represent a substrate for how odorants gain the quality of tastants.
Divided-Pulse Nonlinear Amplification at 1.5 μm

Divided-pulse nonlinear amplification was developed in the anomalous dispersion regime by combining the concepts of divided-pulse nonlinear amplification and divided-pulse compression. We realized compressor-free ultrafast pulse amplifiers at 1.5 μm with the help of simultaneous pulse amplification and compression in single-mode and few-mode fibers with anomalous dispersion. With optimized positive prechirping on the seed pulse, the interplay between the dispersive and nonlinear effects was controlled to get transform-limited soliton replicas. Experiments, as well as numerical simulations, demonstrated that ~0.75 nJ per replica was the optimized results in the 12/130 Er-Yb codoped fiber. By polarization-division multiplexing 32 replicas, transform-limited pulse with 126-fs duration, 20.3-nJ pulse energy, and 80-MHz repetition rate was generated from a few-mode Er-Yb codoped fiber. Furthermore, limitations on the coherent combining efficiency are discussed.
Application of Markov-Switching Regression Model on Economic Variables

This study investigates the Markov-switching regression model on economic variable using time series data spanning from 1985-2014. The stock data are regime dependent and the two regime multivariate Markov switching vector autoregressive (MSVAR) model is used to examine the structure of the Nigeria stock index prices. It is found that MSVAR model with two regimes detect shifts in the return series and shows evidence of switching in the stock market return series. It is also found that the return series are well fitted by MSVAR model and filtered probabilities can be extracted from the data to evaluate the strength of moving from one state to another. Also, MSVAR model captures the sudden changes in the stock data using exogenous variable which is unobserved and follow a stochastic process. It is recommended that the investors on the stock market should be cautious because the stock market is unstable.
Mutations of the PTPN11 and RAS genes in rhabdomyosarcoma and pediatric hematological malignancies

PTPN11 has been identified as a causative gene in Noonan syndrome (NS), responsible for about 50% of cases of NS. Given the association between NS and an increased risk of some malignancies, notably leukemia and probably some solid tumors including neuroblastoma (NB) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), recent studies have reported that gain‐of‐function somatic mutations in PTPN11 occur in some hematological malignancies, especially de novo juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) and in some solid tumors such as NB, although at a low frequency. In a screen for mutations of PTPN11 in 7 cell lines and 30 fresh tumors of RMS and in 25 cell lines and 40 fresh tumors of NB, we identified a missense mutation (A72T) in an embryonal RMS patient. In the RMS samples, we also detected mutations of NRAS in 1 cell line and 1 patient; both mutations were in embryonal RMSs and had no PTPN11 mutations. No mutations of PTPN11 were detected in NB. In 95 leukemia cell lines and 261 fresh leukemia samples including 22 JMMLs, 9 kinds of missense mutations were detected in 17 leukemia samples, which included 11 (50.0%) mutations in JMML samples and lower frequencies in other hematological malignancies. Furthermore, we identified 4 (18.2%) NRAS mutations and 1 (4.5%) KRAS mutation in 5 JMML samples, 1 of which had a concomitant PTPN11 mutation. Our data suggest that mutations of PTPN11 as well as RAS play a role in the pathogenesis of not only myeloid hematological malignancies but also a subset of RMS malignancies. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nurses’ Burnout: The Influence of Leader Empowering Behaviors, Work Conditions, and Demographic Traits

Nurse burnout is a widespread phenomenon characterized by a reduction in nurses’ energy that manifests in emotional exhaustion, lack of motivation, and feelings of frustration and may lead to reductions in work efficacy. This study was conducted to assess the level of burnout among Jordanian nurses and to investigate the influence of leader empowering behaviors (LEBs) on nurses’ feelings of burnout in an endeavor to improve nursing work outcomes. A cross-sectional and correlational design was used. Leader Empowering Behaviors Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were employed to collect data from 407 registered nurses, recruited from 11 hospitals in Jordan. The Jordanian nurses exhibited high levels of burnout as demonstrated by their high scores for Emotional Exhaustion (EE) and Depersonalization (DP) and moderate scores for Personal Accomplishment (PA). Factors related to work conditions, nurses’ demographic traits, and LEBs were significantly correlated with the burnout categories. A stepwise regression model–exposed 4 factors predicted EE: hospital type, nurses’ work shift, providing autonomy, and fostering participation in decision making. Gender, fostering participation in decision making, and department type were responsible for 5.9% of the DP variance, whereas facilitating goal attainment and nursing experience accounted for 8.3% of the PA variance. This study highlights the importance of the role of nurse leaders in improving work conditions and empowering and motivating nurses to decrease nurses’ feelings of burnout, reduce turnover rates, and improve the quality of nursing care.
Monitoring training in athletes with reference to overtraining syndrome.

PURPOSE Overtraining is primarily related to sustained high load training, often coupled with other stressors. Studies in animal models have suggested that unremittingly heavy training (monotonous training) may increase the likelihood of developing overtraining syndrome. The purpose of this study was to extend our preliminary observations by relating the incidence of illnesses and minor injuries to various indices of training. METHODS We report observations of the relationship of banal illnesses (a frequently cited marker of overtraining syndrome) to training load and training monotony in experienced athletes (N = 25). Athletes recorded their training using a method that integrates the exercise session RPE and the duration of the training session. Illnesses were noted and correlated with indices of training load (rolling 6 wk average), monotony (daily mean/standard deviation), and strain (load x monotony). RESULTS It was observed that a high percentage of illnesses could be accounted for when individual athletes exceeded individually identifiable training thresholds, mostly related to the strain of training. CONCLUSIONS These suggest that simple methods of monitoring the characteristics of training may allow the athlete to achieve the goals of training while minimizing undesired training outcomes.
Effects of a Mixture of a Low Concentration of n-Butylcyanoacrylate and Ethiodol on Tissue Reactions and the Permanence of Arterial Occlusion after Embolization

OBJECTIVECyanoacrylates are the most commonly used liquid embolic agents. For embolization of arteriovenous malformations, a mixture of a low concentration of n-butylcyanoacrylate (NBCA) and Ethiodol (Savage Laboratories, Melville, NY) has been recommended for deeper penetration of the nidus. Dilution of NBCA, however, might result in different degrees of tissue reaction and might influence the permanence of vessel occlusion, with an increased risk of vessel recanalization. We compared tissue reactions induced by different NBCA/Ethiodol mixtures and analyzed the permanence of their embolic effects. METHODSNBCA was diluted with Ethiodol to prepare the following standard solutions: Mixture A, low concentration (NBCA/Ethiodol ratio of 20:80); Mixture B, high concentration (50:50). The study was designed in two parts, because tissue reactions after embolization are considered to be a combination of foreign body reactions to solidified material and reactions to the injured blood vessel. Foreign body reactions were studied by intramuscularly injecting both glue mixtures into the backs of 18 rats. Specimens were obtained at various times after implantation. Immunohistochemical analysis and esterase staining were used to detect macrophages and neutrophils, respectively. The densities of these inflammatory cells were calculated and statistically compared. To study the degree of vascular wall injury and the permanence of embolic effects, the renal arteries in 48 rabbits were embolized with NBCA Mixture A or B. Six specimens for each group were obtained at various times after embolization. RESULTSThere was no significant difference in foreign body reactions between groups treated with Mixtures A and B, at any time. However, the macrophage density was larger for both groups at 3 months versus 3 days and for the group treated with Mixture B at 3 months versus 2 weeks. There was no difference in the degree of vessel wall injury. None of the embolized vessels demonstrated evidence of recanalization. CONCLUSIONThe low concentration of NBCA induced a tissue response similar to that of the high-concentration form. Embolized vessels exhibited no greater incidence of recanalization. Therefore, embolization of arteriovenous malformations with diluted NBCA may be safe.
Feedforward model based arm weight compensation with the rehabilitation robot ARMin

Highly impaired stroke patients at early stages of recovery are unable to generate enough muscle force to lift the weight of their own arm. Accordingly, task-related training is strongly limited or even impossible. However, as soon as partial or full arm weight support is provided, patients are enabled to perform arm rehabilitation training again throughout an increased workspace. In the literature, the current solutions for providing arm weight support are mostly mechanical. These systems have components that restrict the freedom of movement or entail additional disturbances. A scalable weight compensation for upper and lower arm that is online adjustable as well as generalizable to any robotic system is necessary. In this paper, a model-based feedforward weight compensation of upper and lower arm fulfilling these requirements is introduced. The proposed method is tested with the upper extremity rehabilitation robot ARMin V, but can be applied in any other actuated exoskeleton system. Experimental results were verified using EMG measurements. These results revealed that the proposed weight compensation reduces the effort of the subjects to 26% on average and more importantly throughout the entire workspace of the robot.
Substrate integrated waveguide based bandpass filter for X and Ku-band application

A dual and triple band bandpass filter is designed operating at X and Ku-band. Based on pure geometric analysis of width to length ratio's relationship with modes generated in substrate integrated waveguide cavity, a square substrate integrated waveguide cavity is designed to operate at TE101, TE201, TE102 modes. Coupling matrix for passband is derived based on coupling topology from the resonating nodes, with the center frequency of 10.5GHz, 15.5GHz, 17.5GHz for the first, second and third passband. The modes excited in a cavity with variation of different feeding positions is analyzed. Two identical square cavities are magnetically coupled together to get triple passband response and it was found that theoretical and simulated results are in good agreement with each other.
Default Risk and Determinants of Farmers’ Access to Micro-credit from Cooperative Societies in Abia State, Nigeria

This study on default risk and determinants of farmersaccess to micro -credit from cooperative societies was carried out in Abia state, Nigeria. Longitudinal data on micro - credit seeking and repayments for ninety (90) rural farm households in three agricu ltural zones of the state were collected for 2011 and 2012 farming seasons. The cooperatives and farm households were chosen following stratified random sampling technique. Data gathered through a survey were analyzed descriptively and by inferential stati stics using probit regression technique. Results indicated 57 of the 90 farm households involved in this study received a total of N2, 947,140.00 from their cooperative societies and repaid N2, 210,230.00 within a required 24 months. The overall repayment performance of 74.99% was thus very good compared to the 25.01% default rate. The number of years of
SSVEP Based BCI for an Object Control in 2D Space

The Brain-Computer Interfaces can successfully help the healthy and disabled users, in performing various activities in their day to day life. But still such high expectations are yet to be fulfilled by the existing BCI designs due to their restricted reliability and less understanding of the brain mechanisms used in it. Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems based on the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) provide higher information transfer rate and require lesser training time than BCI systems using other paradigms. This work aimed to directly address the above problems by optimizing the BCI designs based on Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP) brain responses. The main goal of this work was to optimize the frequency to be used by the users and further enhance the information transfer rates and the reliability of multi-command SSVEP-based BCI systems. The BCI system is designed to allow control of a virtual ball in 2D space with more than 97% of average accuracy with different users.
A Six-Port MIMO Antenna System With High Isolation for 5-GHz WLAN Access Points

A six-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system with high port isolation for 5-GHz WLAN access points application is proposed in this letter. It consists of three vertically polarized and three horizontally polarized antenna elements alternately mounted on a pyramidal metal structure. Several techniques are used to improve the isolation performances of the antenna system, including the aperture-coupled feeding mechanism, quarter-wavelength chokes, and parasitic grooves. Measured results show that more than 45 dB isolation can be obtained between any two elements of the system within the operating band.
Disputed climate science in the media: Do countries matter?

This article presents findings from a large-scale newspaper analysis of climate change discourses in four developed countries, using corpus linguistics methodology. We map the discourse over time, showing peaks and troughs of attention and explaining their causes. Different connotations of common terms such as global warming and climate change in different countries are analysed. Cluster and key-word analysis show the relative salience of specific words and word combinations during crucial periods. We identify main claims makers and the relative visibility of advocates and sceptics. The main finding is that former are far more prominent in all countries. We also look at the coverage of ‘climategate’. Finally, we make reference to existing theoretical frameworks.
Differences in Suicide and Death Ideation Among Veterans and Nonveterans With Serious Mental Illness

Individuals with serious mental illness and veterans are two populations at elevated risk for suicide; however, research has not examined whether veterans with serious mental illness may be at higher suicide risk than nonveterans with serious mental illness. Additionally, overlapping risk factors for suicide in these populations may account for differences in suicide-related outcomes between these groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify differences in death ideation and suicide ideation among veterans and nonveterans with serious mental illness. We also aimed to explore these effects after adjusting for potentially shared risk factors. We found that veterans with serious mental illness reported death ideation and suicide ideation more than twice as often as nonveterans with serious mental illness. After adjusting for demographic, psychiatric, and theory-driven risk factors, the effect of veteran status on death ideation remained significant, though the effect on suicide ideation was no longer significant. Depressive and psychotic symptoms were significant predictors of death ideation; depressive symptoms and hostility were significant predictors of suicide ideation. Clinicians should particularly monitor death ideation and suicide ideation in veterans with serious mental illness, as well as associated clinical risk factors such as depression, psychotic symptoms, and hostility.