Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semiotics and the Problem of Translation: With Special Reference to the Semiotics of Charles S. Peirce

Here is a radically interdisciplinary account of how Charles S. Peirce's theory of signs can be made to interact meaningfully with translation theory. In the separate chapters of this book on semiotranslation, the author shows that the various phenomena we commonly refer to as translation are different forms of genuine and degenerate semiosis. Also drawing on insights from Ludwig Wittgenstein and Walter Benjamin (and drawing analogies between their work and Peirce's) it is argued that through the kaleidoscopic, evolutionary process of unlimited translation, signs deploy their meaning-potentialities. This enables the author to throw novel light upon Roman Jakobson's three kinds of translation - intralingual, interlingual, and intersemiotic translation. Gorlee's pioneering study will entice translation specialists, semioticians, and (language) philosophers into expanding their views upon translation and, hopefully, into cooperative research projects.
Cerebral Disconnectivity: An Early Event in Schizophrenia

Neuroimaging and electrophysiological investigations have demonstrated numerous differences in brain morphology and function of chronic schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls. Studying patients at the beginning of their disease without the confounding effects of chronicity, medication, and institutionalization may provide a better understanding of schizophrenia. Recently, at many institutions around the world, special projects have been launched for specialized treatment and research of this interesting patient group. Using the PubMed search engine in this update, the authors summarize recent investigations between January 2002 and September 2006 that focus on whether signs of disconnectivity already exist early in the disease process. They discuss gray and white matter changes, their impact on symptomatology, electroencephalogram-based studies on connectivity, and possible influences of medication. NEUROSCIENTIST 14(1):19—45, 2008. DOI: 10.1177/1073858406298391
Determinant of Age as a Demographic Segmentation Practice on Consumer Choice of Ready to Wear Clothes in Kenya.

Segmentation is the division of a large market into smaller homogeneous markets targets on the basis of common needs and/or similar lifestyles. Demographic analysis can cover whole societies, or groups defined by criteria such as Age, nationality, religion, and ethnicity. In order to overcome the stiff competition of ready to wear, business ought to understand their market characteristics. This study therefore sought to fill the existing knowledge gap by focusing on age as demographic segmentation practice on consumer choice of ready to wear clothes. The study specifically focused on the influence of age on consumer choice of ready to wear clothes in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive survey design to obtain in-depth information from the respondents. The study used purposive sampling to select ready to wear shops from the three cities in Kenya namely: Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu. The study used a sample size of 83 respondents from ready to wear entrepreneurs’ shops from the three cities in Kenya. The findings indicated that there is a positive significant relationship between age on consumer choice of ready to wear clothes as shown by a regression coefficient of 0.605. From the findings the researcher concluded that those older consumers are reluctant to fashion change which affect their choice of ready to wear clothes. The study recommended that ready to wear shops should conduct a market analysis in order to understand the market needs. According to perceived values in ready to wear industry, different sets of products and different types of advertising strategies should be applied for people of different status.
The priority structure of bank regulatory capital : the case of subordinated debt

The aftermath of a crisis often brings reflections on the adequacy of regulatory capital against financial shocks. Accordingly, succeeding regulatory interventions focus on strengthening the resilience of the banking system by improving the quality and quantity of capital, and subordinated debt (sub-debt) remains key to these reforms. Whether, however, the regulatory motive underpins the decision of banks to issue sub-debt is unclear. Moreover, the perceptions of shareholders on the regulatory function of sub-debt are less understood. This thesis attempts to answer these questions by first reviewing other roles of sub-debt then testing if regulation drives its issuance and finally revealing shareholder incentives that weaken its regulatory function. Contrasting capital requirement motives with other explanations, and accounting for equity issuance, we find that banks issue sub-debt primarily to improve their regulatory capital buffer. While a few non-regulatory factors, related to easier entry conditions to debt market, influence the issuance decision, their economic impact is smaller than the impact of the buffer. By exploring how variations in tail risk and size influence the sub-debt and equity issuance decisions by banks with low buffers, we show that issuance choices do not reflect risk-shifting incentives. Next, we review shareholders’ perceptions of the regulatory value of sub-debt vis-a-vis the risk-shifting and wealth-expropriation incentives associated with senior debt by comparing the reaction of stocks to these security announcements. We find that senior debt incentives are more valuable than the regulatory benefit of sub-debt. Contrary to regulatory expectations, announcement of sub-debt (capital-improving) offers are valueless even when undertaken by risky or less-capitalized banks; rather, senior debt offered by these vulnerable banks generate significant shareholder value. Pursuant to these risk-shifting motives, senior debt issuers get riskier post-issuance. These findings suggest that the broader debt priority structure harbours perverse incentives that dilute the regulatory effectiveness of sub-debt.
Power flow control of a dual-input interleaved buck/boost converter with galvanic isolation for renewable energy systems

DC microgrids or nanogrids have attracted increasing research interest in recent years. Therefore, as a critical component, dc-dc converters with multiple inputs are required. In this paper, a dual-input interleaved buck/boost converter is proposed and its corresponding power flow control methods are analyzed and designed accordingly. Furthermore, the design guidelines are discussed. Finally, in order to verify the validity of this study, the measurement results are presented.
Evidence based medicine, the Cochrane Collaboration, and the CONSORT statement

Evidence based practice uses up to date information to inform decisions on the management of an individual’s health problem.1 To most, this would seem a basic premise for medical practice, but there has been a backlash against the growth of the evidence based medicine movement.2 Some insist that their practice has always been evidence based and that responsible clinicians keep up to date by reading selected journals. But the sheer volume of modern medical publications is such that it is impossible for even experts in an area to be aware of all the relevant literature on the subject. We are inevitably selective, and it is easy for us to select the evidence that confirms what we want to believe. Others fear that clinical freedom is becoming increasingly constrained and that much of the art of medicine is being lost. These fears are unfounded. The evidence base provides us only with the tools we need to be good doctors; the hard earned skills of diagnosis, prognosis, and deciding exactly what balance of risks and benefits apply to the individual patient are enhanced by the knowledge that the options on offer are soundly researched. The Cochrane Collaboration is a cornerstone of evidence based …
Lignicolous fungi hydrodistilled extracts may represent a promising source of natural phenolics

Abstract In vitro evaluation of total phenolic contents and antiradical activities of the lignicolous fungi Fomes fomentarius and Schizophyllum commune hydrodistilled extracts was the subject of this study. This preliminary screening included four free radical species evaluated by UV–vis (DPPH•, ABTS• and •NO) and EPR (Asc•), respectively. According to the experimental data obtained, both F. fomentarius and S. commune hydrodistilled extracts may be considered as promising sources of phenolic natural products (157 and 138 mg GAE/g d.e., respectively) and other bioactives showing good anti-DPPH (1.31 μg/mL) and anti-Asc (70.40%) radical activities, respectively, at in vitro conditions. Graphical Abstract
The Opposing Roles of Nucleophosmin and the ARF Tumor Suppressor in Breast Cancer

Abstract : The ARF tumor suppressor protein plays an important role in the tumor surveillance of human cancer. In the search for novel ARF binding proteins, we uncovered NPM. Despite the important role ARF plays in the regulation of tumorigenesis, alterations selectively affecting its ability to negate NPM function have not been studied. In our proposed study, we aimed to determine the impact of ARF-NPM interactions in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. To this end, we have found that overexpression of NPM in the absence of ARF is a powerful transforming event. NPM promotes tumorigenesis without affecting genomic stability, implying that the subsequent tumors should remain diploid, a hallmark of ARF-null breast cancers. Indeed, when we analyzed sixty breast carcinomas, NPM was highly overexpressed in 50% of cases. We have begun further analyses of how NPM promotes tumor formation and have discovered that it does so through ribosome dysregulation, opening up the door to new therapeutic targets in breast cancer: protein synthesis.
Rôles des récepteurs kaïnate dans le noyau supraoptique de l’hypothalamus de rat

Les noyaux supraoptiques (NSO) de l’hypothalamus sont composes de neurones magnocellulaires (NMCs) synthetisant et secretant l’ocytocine (OT) ou la vasopressine (VP). L’OT est impliquee dans des fonctions de reproduction comme la parturition et la lactation, la VP quant a elle participe a l’homeostasie hydrominerale et vasculaire. La liberation de VP et d’OT dans la neurohypophyse est controlee par l’activite electrique des NMCs, elle-meme regulee par les principales afferences glutamatergiques et GABAergiques qu’ils recoivent. Les recepteurs kainate (rKA) pre-synaptiques exercent une action modulatrice sur la liberation de neurotransmetteur dans le systeme nerveux central (SNC). Cet effet peut basculer de facilitateur a inhibiteur en augmentant la concentration d’agonistes des rKA. Ils peuvent egalement etre presents sur le compartiment post-synaptique et participer a la reponse synaptique. Nous avons demontre, pour la premiere fois que des rKA fonctionnels sont presents dans le NSO, a la fois sur les afferences GABAergiques et glutamatergiques mais egalement sur les NMCs eux-memes. Les rKA contenant la sous-unite GluR5 regulent differemment la transmission glutamatergique sur les neurones a OT et a VP. En effet, l’application d’agonistes exogenes pour ces recepteurs induit un effet diametralement oppose sur ces neurones, un effet facilitateur sur les neurones a OT et inhibiteur sur les neurones a VP, du a la presence de GluR5 uniquement sur ces derniers. En effet, l’activation de ce recepteur post-synaptique induit la liberation d’un messager retrograde, vraisemblablement la dynorphine, responsable de l’inhibition de la transmission glutamatergique. En ce qui concerne la regulation de la transmission GABAergique, nous avons pu demontrer que l’augmentation de glutamate ambiant generee par la retraction des processus gliaux se produisant dans le NSO de rate allaitante etait suffisante pour inverser l’effet des rKA de facilitateur a inhibiteur sur la liberation de GABA. Cette inversion de l’effet des rKA est causee par une modification du mode d’action de ces recepteurs du type ionotropique au type metabotropique. Les resultats obtenus au cours de mes travaux de these montrent donc que les recepteurs kainate sont presents sur l’ensemble des sites de la synapse dans le NSO de l’hypothalamus de rats adultes. De plus, ces rKA regulent differemment les neurones a OT et les neurones a VP, ce qui suggere qu’ils pourraient jouer des roles importants dans la regulation de leur activite et des processus physiologiques les impliquant.
Continuous versus intermittent thermodilution cardiac output measurement during orthotopic liver transplantation

We evaluated intermittent and continuous thermodilution cardiac output data in 12 patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Measurements were performed at 16 predefined time points between induction of anaesthesia and 3 h after reperfusion of the liver graft. Cardiac output measurements yielded 192 data pairs (intermittent cardiac output range: 1.8–18.9 l.min−1, continuous cardiac output range: 3.3–20.0 l.min−1). During most of the procedure the correlation between intermittent and continuous cardiac output measurements was significant (r = 0.87, p < 0.0001), accompanied with a bias of −0.240 l.min−1 and a degree of precision of 1.789 l.min−1 (< 10.0 l.min−1: 1.137 l.min−1, ≥10.0 l.min−1: 2.220 l.min−1). However, in the early phases after caval clamping and after reperfusion, accuracy was not acceptable. Only during these phases did the difference between the mean values of pulmonary artery blood temperature and rectal temperature increase (after caval clamping) or decrease (after reperfusion). In conclusion, despite acceptable levels of accuracy and precision between intermittent and continuous cardiac output measurement under stable conditions, both methods showed markedly decreased accuracy and precision in the early phases after caval clamping and after reperfusion, possibly owing to increased thermal noise.
The NOG1 GTP-binding Protein Is Required for Biogenesis of the 60 S Ribosomal Subunit*

NOG1 is a nucleolar GTP-binding protein present in eukaryotes ranging from trypanosomes to humans. In this report we demonstrate that NOG1 is functionally linked to ribosome biogenesis. In sucrose density gradients Trypanosoma brucei NOG1 co-sediments with 60 S ribosomal subunits but not with monosomes. 60 S precursor RNAs are co-precipitated with NOG1. Together with the nucleolar localization of NOG1, these data indicate that NOG1 is associated with a precursor particle to the 60 S subunit. Disruption of NOG1 function through RNA interference led to a dramatic decrease in the levels of free 60 S particles and the appearance of an atypical rRNA intermediate in which ITS2 was not cleaved. Overexpression of mutant nog1 with a defect in its GTP binding motif on a wild type background caused a modest defect in 60 S biogenesis and a relative decrease in processing of the large subunit rRNAs. In contrast to the mutant protein, neither the N-terminal half of NOG1, which contains the GTP binding motifs, nor the C-terminal half of NOG1 associated with pre-ribosomal particles, although both localized to the nucleolus.
A robust adaptive cross microphone array

In this paper, a robust adaptive microphone array system which has a cone-shaped directionality pattern is presented. The array consists of two linear microphone arrays, arranged in a cross fashion, and incorporates the CCAF-NCAF robust beamformer scheme of Hoshuyama et al (IEEE Trans. on Signal Proc., vol. 47 no. 10, pp. 2677-2684, 1999). As indicated in the simulation results, the proposed cross microphone array overcomes problem of spatial ambiguity (unlike a conventional linear array), and has the added advantage of three-dimensional interference cancellation. In addition, the system also benefits from the accelerated convergence speed due to a reduced allowable capture region.
A Low-Noise Area-Efficient Chopped VCO-Based CTDSM for Sensor Applications in 40-nm CMOS

An area-efficient voltage-sensing readout circuit employing chopped voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based continuous-time delta-sigma modulator (CTDSM) is presented in this paper. This VCO-based CTDSM features direct connection to sensors to eliminate pre-amplifier for achieving better hardware efficiency. The VCO is designed as a trans-conductor current-controlled oscillator, which is a fully differential <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> stage cascaded with two CCOs, to provide a high-input impedance to sense the voltage signals from sensors. Analysis shows that the main noise and offset contributor is the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> stage. This problem is mitigated by employing choppers at critical location within the circuit. The VCO-based CTDSM is implemented in a 40-nm CMOS process. The power consumption is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$17~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> under 1.2-V supply. With a 4-mV<sub>p</sub> (8-mV<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\textrm {pp}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> input, it achieves 61.85-dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio over a 5-kHz bandwidth and the total harmonic distortion is −70.8 dB. The input-referred noise is 32 nV/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\surd $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Hz. The chip area is only 0.0145 mm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\textrm {2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
On the Effects of Infrastructure Investment on Economic Performance in Ontario

Over the past decade, Ontario has seen a renewal in efforts to stimulate economic growth by investing in infrastructures. In this paper, we analyze the impact of public infrastructure investment on economic performance in this province. We use a multivariate dynamic time series methodological approach, based on the use of vector autoregressive models to estimate the elasticities and marginal products of six different types of public infrastructure assets on private investment, employment and output. We find that all types of public investment crowd in private investment while investment in highways, roads, and bridges crowds out employment. We also find that all types of public investment, with the exception of highways, roads and bridges, have a positive effect on output. The relatively large range of results estimated for the impact of each of the different public infrastructure types suggests that a targeted approach to the design of infrastructure investment policy is required. Infrastructure investment in transit systems and health facilities display the highest returns for output and the largest effects on employment and labor productivity. In terms of the nature of the empirical results presented here it would be important to highlight the fact that investments in health infrastructures as well as investments in education infrastructures are of great relevance. This is a pattern consistent with the mounting international evidence on the importance of human capital for long term economic performance.
Interplay of Energetics and ER Stress Exacerbates Alzheimer's Amyloid-β (Aβ) Toxicity in Yeast

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegeneration. Oligomers of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) are thought to play a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis, yet the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Two major isoforms of Aβ associated with AD are Aβ40 and Aβ42, the latter being more toxic and prone to form oligomers. Here, we took a systems biology approach to study two humanized yeast AD models which expressed either Aβ40 or Aβ42 in bioreactor cultures. Strict control of oxygen availability and culture pH, strongly affected chronological lifespan and reduced variations during cell growth. Reduced growth rates and biomass yields were observed upon Aβ42 expression, indicating a redirection of energy from growth to maintenance. Quantitative physiology analyses furthermore revealed reduced mitochondrial functionality and ATP generation in Aβ42 expressing cells, which matched with observed aberrant mitochondrial structures. Genome-wide expression level analysis showed that Aβ42 expression triggered strong ER stress and unfolded protein responses. Equivalent expression of Aβ40, however, induced only mild ER stress, which resulted in hardly affected physiology. Using AD yeast models in well-controlled cultures strengthened our understanding on how cells translate different Aβ toxicity signals into particular cell fate programs, and further enhance their potential as a discovery platform to identify possible therapies.
Supervised Spectral–Spatial Hyperspectral Image Classification With Weighted Markov Random Fields

This paper presents a new approach for hyperspectral image classification exploiting spectral-spatial information. Under the maximum a posteriori framework, we propose a supervised classification model which includes a spectral data fidelity term and a spatially adaptive Markov random field (MRF) prior in the hidden field. The data fidelity term adopted in this paper is learned from the sparse multinomial logistic regression (SMLR) classifier, while the spatially adaptive MRF prior is modeled by a spatially adaptive total variation (SpATV) regularization to enforce a spatially smooth classifier. To further improve the classification accuracy, the true labels of training samples are fixed as an additional constraint in the proposed model. Thus, our model takes full advantage of exploiting the spatial and contextual information present in the hyperspectral image. An efficient hyperspectral image classification algorithm, named SMLR-SpATV, is then developed to solve the final proposed model using the alternating direction method of multipliers. Experimental results on real hyperspectral data sets demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms many state-of-the-art methods in terms of the overall accuracy, average accuracy, and kappa (k) statistic.
Risk Sharing in Labour Markets

Empirical work in labour economics has focused on rent sharing as an explanation for the observed correlation in cross-sections between wages and profitability. The alternative explanation of risk sharing between workers and employers has not been tested. Using a unique panel data set for four African countries we find strong evidence of risk sharing. Workers in effect offer insurance to employers: when firms are hit by temporary shocks the effect on profits is cushioned by risk sharing with workers. Rent sharing is a symptom of an inefficient labor market. Risk sharing, however, can be seen as an efficient response to missing markets. Our evidence suggests that risk sharing accounts for a substantial part of the observed effect of shocks on wages.
A Survey on Privacy, Privacy Manager, Privacy laws and Regulations in Hybrid Cloud Network

Cloud computing is the most recent technology in which information can be created, stored, manipulated and accessed wherever needed. Now, as the number of users is increasing day by day, the privacy of the overall network may lose if the private information of a person or any organisation is stolen or hacked by any other person. For that, we have made a survey over the privacy of the information stored in the cloud network. We have also discussed about the information for which privacy management is required. Privacy laws are also discussed in this paper. To protect information from cyber-crime or any other potential threats we have proposed about the need of privacy manager in the cloud network. Thus privacy of the network can be managed as well as security and trustworthiness can also be maintained.