Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance, intestinal morphometry, and incubation parameters of broiler chickens submitted to in ovo feeding with different techniques and amino acids

Abstract: The objective of this research was to evaluate techniques, incubation period, and effects of amino acids in ovo feeding. First, 240 hatching eggs were selected and distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two techniques and 3 d). The parameters of incubation, relative weight of gastrointestinal organs, and classification of embryonic mortality were evaluated. In the second stage, 720 hatching eggs were incubated with five treatments: control, methionine (20 and 30 mg), and lysine (20 and 30 mg). These animals were housed during 14 d. The animals were divided with five treatments, nine replicates, and groupings based on sex. Incubation parameters, performance, intestinal morphometry, and relative weight of digestive tract organs were evaluated. The results indicate that the technique using a 45° needle axis passing through the air chamber hinders hatchability. In the organ weighing, there was no difference between the evaluated factors. For intestinal morphometry, there was only a significant difference between the dose factor for the crypt villi and crypt diameter. To conclude, the technique using a 90° angle without passing through the air chamber is safer for the embryos. The inoculation of methionine (20 and 30 mg) obtained data similar to the control group.
Shifting Influences of Pregnancy on Union Formation Across Age and Union Stability Across Cohabitation Duration

Nonmarital pregnancy increases the likelihood of entering a marital or cohabiting union. The timing of a pregnancy within the life course of an individual or relationship duration may also affect the likelihood of forming coresidential unions and their stability. This study examines the association between nonmarital pregnancy and first union formation and how this varies across age. It also considers whether the influence of pregnancy on the stability of cohabitations shifts across their duration. Using data on young adults in the United States (Add Health), competing-risk event-history models examine the time-varying influence of pregnancy on union formation and stability. Findings suggest that pregnancy is more strongly associated with union formation during adolescence, becoming less influential as women age. Within cohabitations, pregnancy had a bigger impact on increasing the likelihood of marriage early within unions, but the longer a couple cohabited the less likely they were to transition to marriage when pregnant.
On effective resistivity and related parameters for periodic checkerboard composites

An approach for finding the effective properties of two–dimensional periodic rectangular checkerboard media is presented; it is demonstrated that one can take a relatively simple model problem, an appropriate system of joined quarter planes, and that after appropriate conformal transformation one can use this to solve for either periodic or doubly periodic structures. Illustrative calculations involving three–phase media are presented that, in limiting cases, recover earlier analyses. Useful asymptotic relations are also given.
The Relevance of Clean Room Software Engineering Methodology for the Development of Embedded Systems

Embedded systems must be designed to achieve high reliability, throughput, and desired response. The quality of the embedded systems must be very high and at the same time the cost of development must be as low as possible. Criticality is another issue that must be considered when it comes to building safety critical systems. Embedded systems must be tested in real time and the cost towards testing must be as low as possible while at the same time must ensure high reliability. Most of the embedded systems are reactive systems and therefore must respond to the external events and the events are processed leading to the controlling of the external events. Clean Room Software Engineering (CRSE) methodology aims at delivering high quality systems through usage of various verification and validation models at different stages of development. CRSE also uses extensive formal frameworks, thus leaving no chance either for direct human errors or hidden system errors. CRSE includes a parallel path for testing the developed systems by using the Statistical Use Case testing models which takes very less time for testing while at the same time ensuring high level of reliability. In this paper, the suitability of the CRSE for the development of embedded system is presented and a refined CRSE life cycle model is proposed using which highly reliable embedded systems
Decision making in crisis

Despite recognition that emotions are present and salient during a crisis, traditional views of crisis decision making, such as crisis decision theory and naturalistic decision making, emphasize mainly the role of cognitive processes. Several recent crises illustrate individuals face complex, dynamic, and significant situations requiring decisions with which they are unfamiliar and/or lack experience. Moreover, dangerous and life-threatening situations activate negative emotions such as anger, regret, guilt, fear, disappointment, and shame, which may uniquely affect recursive associations with the immediate cognitive schema elicited after a crisis. Also consider individuals do not experience crises in a vacuum. Rather, they perceive, interpret, and assess information via interactions with others, thus creating collective crisis decision making as a substantive level of analysis. As such, we present a multilevel theoretical model examining the interactive role cognitions and emotions play in crisis decision making, and offer implications regarding individual and collective decisions during crises.
Permuted NMF: A Simple Algorithm Intended to Minimize the Volume of the Score Matrix

Non-Negative Matrix Factorization, NMF, attempts to find a number of archetypal response profiles, or parts, such that any sample profile in the dataset can be approximated by a close profile among these archetypes or a linear combination of these profiles. The non-negativity constraint is imposed while estimating archetypal profiles, due to the non-negative nature of the observed signal. Apart from non negativity, a volume constraint can be applied on the Score matrix W to enhance the ability of learning parts of NMF. In this report, we describe a very simple algorithm, which in effect achieves volume minimization, although indirectly.
Sparseness determination for boosting estimation of high-dimensional survival models

There are several techniques for fitting sparse survival models to high-dimensional data, arising e.g. from microarrays. However, sparseness of the estimates, obtained e.g. with Lasso-like techniques, often comes at the cost of underestimating effects for the few covariates which have a large influence. This is especially problematic when clinical covariates are included in addition to a large number of microarray features. We address this issue in a new boosting approach, allowing for mandatory covariates, whose coefficients are estimated unpenalized [1]. However, when it is not known which covariates may potentially have a large effect, a different strategy is needed. The boosting procedure is therefore extended to automatically adapt the penalties used for estimation after every boosting step. Decreasing the penalty for a selected covariate will favor sparse models and avoid underestimation of effects. A scheme which increases the penalty will favor models with groups of important covariates. As it is difficult for the user to decide on a specific penalty updating scheme, we investigate whether the integrated Brier score, obtained via bootstrap . 632+ prediction error curve estimates [3], could be used for automatic sparseness determination. The performance of the resulting procedure is compared to an alternative boosting strategy that employs two rounds of boosting, a first one where the important covariates are identified and a second one where these are then preferentially selected [2]. The advantages of our new boosting procedure will be illustrated using microarray survival data from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Digital Internships: Enriching Teaching and Learning with Primary Resources

Practical Implications – Digital internships contribute to best practices in teaching digital literacies by providing examples of how EPPs can design curriculum that situates teacher candidates to observe pedagogy in online environments. These internships provide candidates the opportunity to mentor K-12 students in these spaces and provide teacher candidates time to process how they can best motivate students and give specific feedback to encourage learning. Furthermore, digital internships can include primary resources to enrich units of instruction across content areas and grade levels.
Análise da Value Relevance da demonstração do valor adicionado nos níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa da BM&FBOVESPA

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar se o conteúdo informacional da Demonstração do Valor Adicionado (DVA) é relevante para os investidores. A amostra foi composta por empresas brasileiras pertencentes ao Índice de Ações com Governança Corporativa Diferenciada (IGCX) da BM&FBovespa, atual Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3), no período de 2011 a 2015. Para o alcance do objetivo, foi utilizada a técnica de regressão linear múltipla. A amostra da pesquisa constituiu-se de 155 empresas e 714 observações. Os resultados apontam que a variável “valor adicionado líquido para distribuição”, ao nível de significância estatística de 5%, é relevante para o mercado acionário nos níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa, porém com baixo poder explicativo. Todavia, quando as variáveis de controle são adicionadas na regressão, observa-se que o lucro por ação apresenta mais poder explicativo em relação ao valor adicionado líquido. Esses resultados apontaram que o total de riqueza líquida obtida pela empresa (construída por ela e recebida em transferência por outras entidades) pode ser relevante para os usuários das informações contábeis, embora o lucro por ação tenha sido o indicador mais relevante. Evidenciou-se que, em linhas gerais, há preocupação quanto à divulgação da informação sobre a riqueza gerada pela entidade, sinalizando que o conteúdo da DVA conduz à maior transparência das entidades e, consequentemente, é capaz de influenciar as decisões dos investidores, mas tem baixo teor de coeficiente em relação às demais variáveis do estudo.
Small-World Connectivity and Attractor Neural Networks

Introduction Scale-free networks are abundant both in nature (e.g. protein interactions and social networks) and man-made systems (e.g. World Wide Web, power grids, and citation networks) (Barabási and Albert 1999; Newman 2003). In a scale-free network the number of edges per vertex follows a power-law. A characteristic feature of scale-free networks is that they have small average path-lengths, l, i.e. the number of edges on the shortest path between two randomly chosen vertices. It is concluded by Barabási and Albert propose that scale-free inhomogeneities are the inevitable consequence of selforganization due to local decisions made by the individual vertices, when those choices are biased towards the more connected vertices, irrespective of the exact nature of that bias. Scale-free networks are insensitive (e.g. a small l is maintained) to random removal of vertices because most of the vertices have a small degree (few edges), but they are very sensitive to removal targeting the high order vertices (the hubs) (Newman 2003). Another type of networks that also have a small l paired with a high clustering, C, are the smallworld networks (Watts and Strogatz 1998; Watts 1999). Typically, scale-free networks are also smallworld networks. In a small-world network each vertex has a large number of local connections and a few global connections. These networks are commonly derived from networks with local connectivity in which connections have been randomly rewired with a small probability. Originally, the small world network was proposed on a ring topology, but higher dimension topologies have very similar properties (Watts 1999), p. 60. An interesting observation is that networks with connections distributed according to a gaussian distribution do not have the small world property (Watts 1999), p. 100.
Referendums , citizens ’ initiatives and the quality of public goods : Theory and some evidence from Swiss Cantons 1970-1996 . ¤ PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE

What makes governments more responsive and how can we create incentives for them to improve the quality of the public good provided by them? This paper tries to give theoretical and empirical insights into this question, that became salient issues as the role of the qualtiy of governance has been recognised, by particulary looking at what the role of direct democratic institutions could play. We present a model with three parties that are elected via proportional representation. Parties need to form coalitions in order to be able to implement policy. Citizens endogenously decide whether to launch a referendum or a citizens’ initiatives. By looking at the cost of this process to the citizens we show that when the direct democratic instituions are more open the legislator may increase his e¤ort to provide the public good. We also . nd that as the cost goes to zero the medain voter preferred outcome will always be implemented. We test this results empirically by looking at the experience of Swiss Cantons that used such institutions extensively. By looking at infant mortality rates and an index of fatal tra¢c accidents, proxying the quality of the health ¤This version of the paper has bene.ted from comments by Amrita Dhillon, and my two supervisors Ben Lockwood and Kim Scharf. All views and any mistakes remain my own. I would also like to thank the Research and Documentation Centre on Direct Democracy (C2D) at the University of Geneva for their exceptional hospitality and Alexandre Trechsel for sharing data with me. Financial support form the Department of Economics, University of Warwick, is greatfully acknwoledged. yDepartment of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K., Email: I.Barankay@warwick.ac. uk, Tel. : **44 24 76524930.
The Neuroprotective Activity of Group-II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Requires New Protein Synthesis and Involves a Glial–Neuronal Signaling

The group-II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor agonists (2S,1′R,2′R,3′R)-2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG-IV), S-4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine (4C3HPG), and (2S,1′S,2′S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (L-CCG-I) protected mouse cortical neurons grown in mixed cultures against excitotoxic degeneration induced by a 10 min pulse with NMDA. Protection was observed not only when agonists were added in combination with NMDA but also when they were transiently applied to cultures 6–20 hr before the NMDA pulse. In both cases, neuroprotection was reduced by the group-II mGlu receptor antagonist (2S,1′S,2′S,3′R)-2-(2′-carboxy-3′-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine (PCCG-IV), as well as by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX). Both neurons and astrocytes in mixed cultures were immunostained with an antibody that recognized mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors in recombinant cells. To determine whether astrocytes played any role in the neuroprotection mediated by group-II mGlu receptors, we exposed pure cultures of cortical astrocytes to DCG-IV, 4C3HPG, or L-CCG-I for 10 min. The astrocyte medium collected 2–20 hr after the exposure to any of these drugs was highly neuroprotective when transferred to mixed cultures treated with NMDA. This protective activity was reduced when CHX was applied to astrocyte cultures immediately after the transient exposure to group-II mGlu receptor agonists. We conclude that neuroprotection mediated by group-II mGlu receptors in cultured cortical cells requires new protein synthesis and involves an interaction between neurons and astrocytes.
Tagging and Chunking with Subword 2 Word models

Neural network models with characterlevel inputs have recently proven to be well-suited for a variety of NLP tasks. In this project, we measure the effect of using various sub-word units as input instead of characters. Comparing many segmentation schemes on both part-of-speech tagging and chunking, we observe that characters are quite a strong baseline. We reach almost identical performance with some mild segmentation heuristics, but too aggressive approaches lead to worse results. Compared to the state-of-the-art, our chunking models are somewhat inferior, and comparisons to previous work indicate that it may be important to integrate handdesigned features, possibly because of the smaller size of the training data.
An extensible model of architecture description

In this paper we present a formal model of architecture description. The model formalizes the general design concepts that are common to many currently popular architecture description languages (ADLs), including the main categories of design information, their inter-relationships and constraints. Our primary interest in the model is as a basis for an archltecture analysis framework. With this in mind, we pay particular attention to the extensibility of the model's basic structure. Specifically, the main design categories are partitioned into a core component and a set of extensions. This allows the addition of design information which may be useful for some forms of analysis, while allowing less relevant information to be removed when it is not needed. The model is presented using the Z specification language. We demonstrate the addition of design information throughout the paper with several simple examples of ADL-specific extensions.
User see, user point: gaze and cursor alignment in web search

Past studies of user behavior in Web search have correlated eye-gaze and mouse cursor positions, and other lines of research have found cursor interactions to be useful in determining user intent and relevant parts of Web pages. However, cursor interactions are not all the same; different types of cursor behavior patterns exist, such as reading, hesitating, scrolling and clicking, each of which has a different meaning. We conduct a search study with 36 subjects and 32 search tasks to determine when gaze and cursor are aligned, and thus when the cursor position is a good proxy for gaze position. We study the effect of time, behavior patterns, user, and search task on the gaze-cursor alignment, findings which lead us to question the maxim that "gaze is well approximated by cursor. " These lessons inform an experiment in which we predict the gaze position with better accuracy than simply using the cursor position, improving the state-of-the-art technique for approximating visual attention with the cursor. Our new technique can help make better use of large-scale cursor data in identifying how users examine Web search pages.
iPAWS: Instruction-issue pattern-based adaptive warp scheduling for GPGPUs

Thread or warp scheduling in GPGPUs has been shown to have a significant impact on overall performance. Recently proposed warp schedulers have been based on a greedy warp scheduler where some warps are prioritized over other warps. However, a single warp scheduling policy does not necessarily provide good performance across all types of workloads; in particular, we show that greedy warp schedulers are not necessarily optimal for workloads with inter-warp locality while a simple round-robin warp scheduler provides better performance. Thus, we argue that instead of single, static warp scheduling, an adaptive warp scheduler that dynamically changes the warp scheduler based on the workload characteristics should be leveraged. In this work, we propose an instruction-issue pattern-based adaptive warp scheduler (iPAWS) that dynamically adapts between a greedy warp scheduler and a fair, round-robin scheduler. We exploit the observation that workloads that favor a greedy warp scheduler will have an instruction-issue pattern that is biased towards some warps while workloads that favor a fair, round-robin warp scheduler will tend to issue instructions across all of the warps. Our evaluations show that iPAWS is able to adapt to the more optimal warp scheduler dynamically and achieve performance that is within a few percent of the statically determined, more optimal warp scheduler. We also show that iPAWS can be extended to other warp schedulers, including the cache-conscious wavefront scheduling (CCWS) and Memory Aware Scheduling and Cache Access Re-execution (MASCAR) to exploit the benefits of other warp schedulers while still providing adaptivity in warp scheduling.
Workplace bullying, the development of job insecurity and the role of laissez-faire leadership: A two-wave moderated mediation study

ABSTRACT Workplace bullying is increasingly recognised as a risk factor for job loss and exclusion from working life. Consequently, bullying may represent an antecedent of job insecurity, but this notion has not been sufficiently tested using prospective, representative data. In the present study, the association between workplace bullying and job insecurity was therefore investigated using a two-year time lag and a representative sample of Norwegian employees (N = 1775). Employing regression analysis, support for a cross-lagged effect of bullying on stability adjusted job insecurity was found. With respect to explanatory mechanisms, a moderated mediation analysis also revealed that this relationship is mediated by continued exposure to bullying behaviours at T2, and, that the relationship between baseline bullying and continued victimisation at T2 is moderated by laissez-faire leadership (i.e. the enactment of passive-avoidant and non-responsive leadership behaviour). Thus, laissez-faire leadership appears to represent a condition under which the bullying process can endure and progress, and the bullying behaviours associated with such sustained and escalated scenarios seem to be particularly relevant antecedents of job insecurity. These results represent novel contributions to our understanding of workplace bullying and job insecurity, holding important implications for prevention of workplace bullying and alleviation of its negative consequences.
AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS AND IMAGE QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF AN EXPONENT-BASED TONE MAPPING ALGORITHM

: In order to view wide contrast details in an image scene, a wide dynamic range (WDR) image sensor is required. However, these wide dynamic range images cannot be accurately viewed on a regular display device due to its limited dynamic range. Without the proper use of a WDR image compression algorithm, the details of images will be lost. Tone-mapping algorithms are used to adapt the captured wide dynamic range scenes to the low dynamic range displays available. This paper explores the utilization of an exponent-tone mapping algorithm for colored and monochrome WDR images in lure of a regular display. The exponent-based tone mapping algorithm utilizes only the Bayer (CFA) of the WDR image to produce tone mapped image results. High quality results are achieved without the use of additional image processing techniques such as histogram clipping. The image results are then compared with other conventional tone mapping operators available.
A note on "The Need for End-to-End Evaluation of Cloud Availability"

Cloud availability is a major performance parameter for cloud platforms, but there are very few measurements on commercial platforms, and most of them rely on outage reports as appeared on specialized sites, providers' dashboards, or the general press. A paper recently presented at the PAM 2014 conference by Hu et alii reports the results of a measurement campaign. In this note, the results of that paper are summarized, highlighting sources of inaccuracy and some possible improvements. In particular, the use of a low probing frequency could lead to non detection of short outages, as well as to an inaccurate estimation of the outage duration statistics. Overcoming this lack of accuracy is relevant to properly assess SLA violations and establish the basis for insurance claims.