Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The time-conditioned approach in dynamic programming search for LVCSR

This paper presents the time-conditioned approach in dynamic programming search for large-vocabulary continuous-speech recognition. The following topics are presented: the baseline algorithm, a time-synchronous beam search version, a comparison with the word-conditioned approach, a comparison with stack decoding. The approach has been successfully tested on the NAB task using a vocabulary of 64000 words.
Learning Cross-Domain Information Transfer for Location Recognition and Clustering

Estimating geographic location from images is a challenging problem that is receiving recent attention. In contrast to many existing methods that primarily model discriminative information corresponding to different locations, we propose joint learning of information that images across locations share and vary upon. Starting with generative and discriminative subspaces pertaining to domains, which are obtained by a hierarchical grouping of images from adjacent locations, we present a top-down approach that first models cross-domain information transfer by utilizing the geometry of these subspaces, and then encodes the model results onto individual images to infer their location. We report competitive results for location recognition and clustering on two public datasets, im2GPS and San Francisco, and empirically validate the utility of various design choices involved in the approach.
An evolutionary algorithm for tuning a chess evaluation function

This paper proposes a method for tuning the weights of the evaluation function of a chess program whose search engine is based on evolutionary programming. In our proposed approach, each individual in the population of the evolutionary algorithm represents a virtual player with specific weights of its evaluation function. This differs from most of the previous approaches reported in the literature, in which normally a tournament between virtual players is held, and the final result (win, loss or draw) is used to decide which players will pass to the following generation. The selection mechanism of our proposed algorithm uses games from chess grandmasters to decide which virtual player will pass to the following generation. Our results indicate that the weight values obtained by our approach are similar to the values known from chess theory. Additionally, the standard deviation from the different runs performed, are lower than those reported by authors of previous related approaches.
Protocol synthesis in a state-transition model

The authors propose a protocol synthesis method in which both service and protocol specifications are based on a state-transition model. In particular, they present an algorithm for deriving the protocol specification from a given service specification which is described by a set of directly coupled finite state machines (FSMs). These FSMs together regulate the execution sequence of service primitives intended by the service specification. To complement the protocol derivation algorithm for dealing with error-prone communication medium, the authors also devise a transformation procedure to construct an error-recoverable protocol from its error-free version derived from the proposed algorithm. <<ETX>>
Facilitating the Evaluation of Web Search Results on Mobile Devices

With advances in technology, we are no longer chained to the desktop computer for our information needs. Mobile information access is an emerging field of research that combines approaches from information retrieval and visualization and mobile humancomputer interaction. The PhD research work presented in this position paper addresses the issues related to facilitating the users’ evaluation of Web search results on mobile devices. We aim to study how people evaluate and use search results on mobile devices and develop new, effective ways to present search results and search result collections. The results of this research will add to our understanding of the phenomena related to mobile information access and the ways how the users' active information acquisition process can be supported with novel presentation techniques.
Barriers to effective knowledge management: Action Research Meets Grounded Theory

Although many knowledge management (KM) initiatives are known to miscarry, there has been relative little critical, in‐depth research into the causes of failure. In this paper, an action research (AR) project is described in a major motor manufacturer (WWM) focusing on one of their key knowledge processes (Design for Manufacturabilty) which was regarded as dysfunctional. The paper has two aims: to explore the substantive factors underlying this malaise, and to demonstrate how the rigour and respectability of AR as a research tool can be strengthened by the use of grounded theory (GT) methodology. Using the latter, a model was produced relating the effectiveness of the DFM process to a set of success factors. These factors resonate with key issues described in previous KM research, namely the need for a shared knowledge repository, a formal KM process, and a culture disposed towards knowledge sharing and re‐use. The model provided a rigorous platform for designing interventions to improve the DFM process. Whilst technical changes (creating infrastructure, defining process) are readily feasible, bringing about cultural change is less tractable and process improvements in WWM have tended to focus more on the former than the latter. As well as providing generalisable insights into KM success and failure, the paper also demonstrates the valuable role that GT can make in informing the design of organisational interventions, in evaluating their impact, and in adding rigour to the theory generation dimension of AR.
Exercise intensity during off-road cycling competitions.

PURPOSE This study was designed to quantify and describe the intensity profile of cross-country mountain-biking races using heart rate (HR) recorded during competitions. METHODS Nine mountain bikers participated in four cross-country circuit races of international and national levels. Each cyclist was tested before the competitions to determine lactate threshold (LT), the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA4), and the relationship between percentage of maximum HR and percentage of VO(2max). RESULTS To control for intersubject variability, only the five off-road cyclists who completed all four competitions were included in the statistical analysis. The four races' mean absolute and relative time expressed in percentage of race duration (147 +/- 15 min) spent in the EASY(ZONE) (HR below LT) were 27 +/- 16 min and 18 +/- 10%, in the MODERATE(ZONE) (HR between LT and OBLA4) were 75 +/- 19 min and 51 +/- 9%, and in the HARD(ZONE) (HR above OBLA4) were 44 +/- 21 min and 31 +/- 16%. The average HR was 171 +/- 6 beats x min(-1), corresponding to 90 +/- 3% of maximum (84 +/- 3% of VO(2max). CONCLUSION This study shows that cross-country events are conducted at very high intensity, especially at the start of the race. Coaches must take into account the distribution of the effort and the high exercise intensity characteristic of mountain-biking cross-country events when prescribing specific training programs.
Targeting mismatch repair deficiency Methotrexate induces oxidative DNA damage and is selectively lethal to tumour cells with defects in the DNA mismatch repair gene MSH 2

www.embomolmed. org EMBO Mutations in theMSH2 gene predispose to a number of tumourigenic conditions, including hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). MSH2 encodes a protein in the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway which is involved in the removal of mispairs originating during replication or from damaged DNA. To identify new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer arising from MMR deficiency, we screened a small molecule library encompassing previously utilized drugs and drug-like molecules to identify agents selectively lethal to cells lacking functional MSH2. This approach identified the drug methotrexate as being highly selective for cells withMSH2 deficiency. Methotrexate treatment caused the accumulation of potentially lethal 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) oxidative DNA lesions in both MSH2 deficient and proficient cells. In MSH2 proficient cells, these lesions were rapidly cleared, while in MSH2 deficient cells 8-OHdG lesions persisted, potentially explaining the selectivity of methotrexate. Short interfering (si)RNAmediated silencing of the target of methotrexate, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), was also selective for MSH2 deficiency and also caused an accumulation of 8-OHdG. This suggested that the ability of methotrexate to modulate folate synthesis via inhibition of DHFR, may explain MSH2 selectivity. Consistent with this hypothesis, addition of folic acid to culture media substantially rescued the lethal phenotype caused by methotrexate. While methotrexate has been used for many years as a cancer therapy, our observations suggest that this drugmay have particular utility for the treatment of a subset of patients with tumours characterized by MSH2 mutations.
Quantitative Stability Analysis for Distributionally Robust Optimization with Moment Constraints

In this paper we consider a broad class of distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problems where the probability of the underlying random variables depends on the decision variables and the ambiguity set is defined through parametric moment conditions with generic cone constraints. Under some moderate conditions, including Slater-type conditions of a cone constrained moment system and Holder continuity of the underlying random functions in the objective and moment conditions, we show local Holder continuity of the optimal value function of the inner maximization problem with respect to (w.r.t.) the decision vector and other parameters in moment conditions, and local Holder continuity of the optimal value of the whole minimax DRO w.r. t. the parameter. Moreover, under the second order growth condition of the Lagrange dual of the inner maximization problem, we demonstrate and quantify the outer semicontinuity of the set of optimal solutions of the minimax DRO w.r. t. variation of the parameter. Finally, w.
Automatic 3D Intersubject Registration of MR Volumetric Data in Standardized Talairach Space

Objective In both diagnostic and research applications, the interpretation of MR images of the human brain is facilitated when different data sets can be compared by visual inspection of equivalent anatomical planes. Quantitative analysis with predefined atlas templates often requires the initial alignment of atlas and image planes. Unfortunately, the axial planes acquired during separate scanning sessions are often different in their relative position and orientation, and these slices are not coplanar with those in the atlas. We have developed a completely automatic method to register a given volumetric data set with Talairach stereotaxic coordinate system. Materials and Methods The registration method is based on multiscale, three-dimensional (3D) cross-correlation with an average (n > 300) MR brain image volume aligned with the Talairach stereotaxic space. Once the data set is resampled by the transformation recovered by the algorithm, atlas slices can be directly superimposed on the corresponding slices of the resampled volume. The use of such a standardized space also allows the direct comparison, voxel to voxel, of two or more data sets brought into stereotaxic space. Results With use of a two-tailed Student t test for paired samples, there was no significant difference in the transformation parameters recovered by the automatic algorithm when compared with two manual landmark-based methods (p > 0.1 for all parameters except y-scale, where p > 0.05). Using root-mean-square difference between normalized voxel intensities as an unbiased measure of registration, we show that when estimated and averaged over 60 volumetric MR images in standard space, this measure was 30% lower for the automatic technique than the manual method, indicating better registrations. Likewise, the automatic method showed a 57% reduction in standard deviation, implying a more stable technique. The algorithm is able to recover the transformation even when data are missing from the top or bottom of the volume. Conclusion We present a fully automatic registration method to map volumetric data into stereotaxic space that yields results comparable with those of manually based techniques. The method requires no manual identification of points or contours and therefore does not suffer the drawbacks involved in user intervention such as reproducibility and interobserver variability.
A novel adaptive beamformer for MEG source reconstruction effective when large background brain activities exist

This paper proposes a novel prewhitening eigenspace beamformer suitable for magnetoencephalogram (MEG) source reconstruction when large background brain activities exist. The prerequisite for the method is that control-state measurements, which contain only the contributions from the background interference, be available, and that the covariance matrix of the background interference can be obtained from such control-state measurements. The proposed method then uses this interference covariance matrix to remove the influence of the interference in the reconstruction obtained from the target measurements. A numerical example, as well as applications to two types of MEG data, demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method
RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks

Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) are a class of network in which both the routers and their interconnect are constrained. LLN routers typically operate with constraints on processing power, memory, and energy (battery power). Their interconnects are characterized by high loss rates, low data rates, and instability. LLNs are comprised of anything from a few dozen to thousands of routers. Supported traffic flows include point-to-point (between devices inside the LLN), point- to-multipoint (from a central control point to a subset of devices inside the LLN), and multipoint-to-point (from devices inside the LLN towards a central control point). This document specifies the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), which provides a mechanism whereby multipoint-to-point traffic from devices inside the LLN towards a central control point as well as point-to- multipoint traffic from the central control point to the devices inside the LLN are supported. Support for point-to-point traffic is also available. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
A Chinese Linked Open Data Model Based on Data Field and Sequence Alignment Theory

Knowledge described in literal Chinese is an important part of the online knowledge base. However, there is still no efficient system for large-scale Chinese ontology mapping. To improve the large-scale Chinese ontology mapping in linked open data (LOD), we propose a data field and sequence-alignment-based ontology mapping architecture. First, based on improved nuclear field potential, we compress the dimension of unaligned large-scale Chinese ontology. Second, we use the sequence alignment algorithm to compute similarity between the concepts. Finally, we compare our system with other typical similarity computing algorithms, and against the mapping of the three Chinese Wikipedia knowledge bases (namely, Baidu Baike, Hudong Baike and Chinese Wikipedia), the precision ratio of the method proposed in this study is approximately 30% higher than that of the TongyiciCilin (TYCCL) algorithm on average, and its recall ratio is approximately 10% higher than that of the edit distance algorithm on average. The overall performance (F1-measure) values are 16% and 6% higher than the performance of the TYCCL and edit distance algorithms on average, respectively. The results of this study may provide useful data for promoting Chinese knowledge sharing and improving the precision and recall ratios of semantic query systems.
Photometric Redshifts and Morphologies of Galaxies in the NICMOS Parallel Fields

We present positions, magnitudes, sizes, and morphological classifications for 111 galaxies discovered in the Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS camera 1 and camera 2 parallel fields. We combine the magnitudes measured in the JHK-analog filters with those from deep ground-based images in V and/or R to measure photometric redshifts for 71 objects using Bruzual & Charlot population synthesis models. We find that these objects fall in the range z ∼ 0.0–2.7, with ⟨z⟩ ≅ 0.8 and a mean luminosity ⟨L⟩ ≅ 1.6L*. The NICMOS images reveal many of the galaxies to be ordered spirals and ellipticals similar to those in the local universe, with a high degree of symmetry and brightness profiles that are well fitted by de Vaucouleurs's r1/4 and exponential disk laws. However, we find a higher fraction (∼ 14%) of morphologically peculiar and/or interacting galaxies in the sample than is observed among local galaxies (∼ 3%–4%). This is consistent with the result from other deep HST images including the Hubble Deep Field and Hubble Medium Deep Survey field that the fraction of peculiar and interacting galaxies increases with redshift. As the NICMOS images of the sample galaxies cover their rest-frame near-infrared and optical emission, this result increases confidence that such changes in morphology are genuine, as opposed to an effect produced by viewing galaxies in the rest-frame ultraviolet. We also find that at least 26 of the sample galaxies appear to be members of (noninteracting) pairs or groups, based on their promixity to one another and photometric redshifts. This is consistent with the results of recent ground-based optical surveys for faint galaxies covering larger areas and with the detection of galaxy groups and filaments at redshifts higher than those covered by the present sample.
Developmental profile and synaptic origin of early network oscillations in the CA1 region of rat neonatal hippocampus

1 By applying fura‐2‐based fluorometric calcium imaging to neonatal rat hippocampal slices we identified a developmentally regulated spontaneous neuronal activity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. The activity consisted of bursts of intracellular Ca2+ transients recurring synchronously at a slow rate of 0.4–2 min−1 in the entire population of pyramidal neurones and interneurones. 2 These early network oscillations (ENOs) were present during a restricted period of postnatal development. Thus, they were not detected at the day of birth (P0), at P1–P4 they consisted of bursts of large (up to 1.5 μm) Ca2+ transients, gradually transforming into regularly occurring, smaller Ca2+ transients during the subsequent week. Beyond P15–P16 no ENOs were detected. 3 The ENOs were blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX) and by a reduction in temperature from 33–35°C to 20–22°C. By combining fluorometric imaging with whole‐cell current‐clamp recordings, we found that each ENO‐related Ca2+ transient was associated with a high‐frequency (up to 100 Hz) train of action potentials riding on a depolarizing wave. 4 Recordings in the voltage‐clamp mode revealed barrages of synaptic currents that were strictly correlated with the ENO‐associated Ca2+ transients in neighbouring pyramidal neurones. Perfusing the cells with an intracellular solution that allowed for a discrimination between GABAA and glutamate receptor‐mediated currents showed that these barrages of synaptic currents were predominantly of GABAergic origin. 5 The ENOs were totally blocked by the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline and they were also substantially reduced by the glutamatergic antagonists d,l‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid (d,l‐APV) and 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX). 6 Synaptic stimulation and application of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol mimicked the spontaneous Ca2+ transients in pyramidal neurones. The efficacy of muscimol in evoking Ca2+ transients decreased during development in parallel with the gradual disappearance of the ENOs. 7 The developmental decrease in the amplitude of ENO‐associated Ca2+ transients occurred in parallel with the transformation of the excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus from the immature GABAergic to the mature glutamatergic form. Thus, at the beginning of the first postnatal week single‐shock synaptic stimulation produced Ca2+ transients that were completely blocked by bicuculline. At the end of the second postnatal week the same type of evoked synaptic stimulation produced a Ca2+ transient that was little affected by bicuculline but was abolished by the combined application of d,l‐APV and CNQX. 8 These results demonstrate the presence of periodic and spontaneous Ca2+ transients in the majority of pyramidal cells and interneurones of the neonatal CA1 hippocampal network. These ENOs exhibit a highly region‐specific developmental profile and may control the activity‐dependent wiring of the synaptic connectivity during early postnatal development.
A Cadmium-transporting P1B-type ATPase in Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae*

Detoxification and homeostatic acquisition of metal ions are vital for all living organisms. We have identified PCA1 in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an overexpression suppressor of copper toxicity. PCA1 possesses signatures of a P1B-type heavy metal-transporting ATPase that is widely distributed from bacteria to humans. Copper resistance conferred by PCA1 is not dependent on catalytic activity, but it appears that a cysteine-rich region located in the N terminus sequesters copper. Unexpectedly, when compared with two independent natural isolates and an industrial S. cerevisiae strain, the PCA1 allele of the common laboratory strains we have examined possesses a missense mutation in a predicted ATP-binding residue conserved in P1B-type ATPases. Consistent with a previous report that identifies an equivalent mutation in a copper-transporting P1B-type ATPase of a Wilson disease patient, the PCA1 allele found in laboratory yeast strains is nonfunctional. Overexpression or deletion of the functional allele in yeast demonstrates that PCA1 is a cadmium efflux pump. Cadmium as well as copper and silver, but not other metals examined, dramatically increase PCA1 protein expression through post-transcriptional regulation and promote subcellular localization to the plasma membrane. Our study has revealed a novel metal detoxification mechanism in yeast mediated by a P1B-type ATPase that is unique in structure, substrate specificity, and mode of regulation.
Effect of Group Delay in WCDMA based Pulse Shaping Filter using Discrete-Time Eye Scope

The application of signal processing techniques to wireless communications is an emerging area that has recently achieved dramatic improvement in results and holds the potential for even greater results in the future as an increasing number of researchers from the signal processing and communication areas participate in this expanding field. Today, wireless multimedia is moving from vision to reality. Service providers are deploying third generation (3G) wireless base stations that enable the user to surf the web, check email, conduct videoconferences, and access a wide range of new services from their wireless devices. Underlying 3G innovations, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) technology is pushing the expectations of wireless networks far beyond the previous limitations of 1G and 2G. To deliver on the promise of 3G, WCDMA system must handle the greater capacity, higher data rates, and support multimedia standards, while at the same time reduces the size, cost and the power consumption. The large expectations through WCDMA are based on its flexibility for multimedia capabilities and the high capacity. However, the demanded traffic grows rapidly and new capacity enhancements are required in order to satisfy the future needs. The present paper deals with Effect of group delay in WCDMA based pulse shaping filter using discrete-time eye scope.