Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliable and Secure End-to-End Data Aggregation Using Secret Sharing in WSNs

Data aggregation in WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) can effectively reduce communication overheads and the energy consumption of sensor nodes. A WSN needs to be not only energy efficient, but also secure. Various attacks may make data aggregation unsecure. We investigate the reliable and secure endto- end data aggregation problem considering selective forwarding attacks and modification attacks in homogeneous cluster-based WSNs, and propose two data aggregation approaches. Our approaches, namely, Sign-Share and Sham-Share, use secret sharing and signatures to allow aggregators to aggregate the data without understanding the contents of messages and the base station to verify the aggregated data and retrieve the raw data from the aggregated data. We have performed extensive simulations to compare our approaches with the two state-of-theart approaches PIP and RCDA-HOMO. The simulation results show both Sign-Share and Sham-Share are faster in processing and aggregating data.
Structural Topic Models for Open‐Ended Survey Responses

Collection and especially analysis of open-ended survey responses are relatively rare in the discipline and when conducted are almost exclusively done through human coding. We present an alternative, semiautomated approach, the structural topic model (STM) (Roberts, Stewart, and Airoldi 2013; Roberts et al. 2013), that draws on recent developments in machine learning based analysis of textual data. A crucial contribution of the method is that it incorporates information about the document, such as the author's gender, political affiliation, and treatment assignment (if an experimental study). This article focuses on how the STM is helpful for survey researchers and experimentalists. The STM makes analyzing open-ended responses easier, more revealing, and capable of being used to estimate treatment effects. We illustrate these innovations with analysis of text from surveys and experiments.
Efficacy and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation

Aims Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were in pivotal randomised controlled trials at least non-inferior to warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, but time in therapeutic range (TTR) for warfarin was lower (mean 55%–65%) than in Swedish general care where TTR is >70%. We compared efficacy and safety of NOACs and warfarin treatment for stroke prevention in Sweden. Methods Retrospective cohort study of all non-selected oral anticoagulation naïve atrial fibrillation patients with first prescription for NOACs or warfarin between December 2011 and December 2014, excluding patients with mitral stenosis or mechanical valvular prosthesis. Data were obtained from cross-linked national registers, propensity scores were used as continuous covariates, and associations between treatment and outcomes were evaluated by multivariable Cox regressions. Results The study comprised 18 638 patients on NOAC and 49 418 on warfarin treatment, with 90 204 patient-years follow-up. Age (mean) was 73.4 vs 73.7 years, p<0.001, and CHA2DS2-VASc points (mean) 3.38 vs 3.24, p<0.001, in NOAC and warfarin groups, respectively. HRs (95% CI) for NOACs versus warfarin were 1.04 (0.91–1.19) for all-cause stroke or systemic embolism, 1.16 (1.00–1.35) for ischaemic stroke, 0.85 (0.76–0.96) for major bleeding, 1.22 (1.01–1.46) for gastrointestinal bleeding, 0.60 (0.47–0.76) for intracranial haemorrhage and 0.89 (0.81–0.96) for all-cause mortality. Conclusion In this large non-selected anticoagulation naïve Swedish atrial fibrillation cohort, the risks for all-cause stroke or systemic embolism were similar with NOACs and warfarin, but NOACs were associated with significantly lower risks of all-cause mortality, major bleeding and intracranial haemorrhage but higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Better safety suggests NOACs as preferred treatment for patients with atrial fibrillation starting oral anticoagulation.
Delivery of a Polyp

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is uncommon during pregnancy. Although there is overlap between symptoms of colon cancer and normal pregnancy, clinicians should be vigilant identifying those at risk and offer colorectal cancer screening when appropriate. CASES: Three women in their 30s passed or prolapsed adenomatous tissue per rectum during the second stage of labor. Further evaluation lead to the diagnosis of premalignant lesions or colorectal cancer in each case. CONCLUSION: Colorectal cancer can present in young women of childbearing age, especially in those with a genetic predisposition. It may present with the prolapse or passage of tissue during vaginal delivery. Appropriate referral and screening are of critical importance for those at risk, especially those with a family history or pertinent physical findings.
A blind spot in organization studies: gender with ethnicity, nationality and religion

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to make a case for empirical research for British Pakistani managerial and professional women, a group who have remained invisible in organization studies; to give voice to their experiences, to highlight the issues and challenges they are facing as women who have careers, their perceptions of what they are and how they have reached where they are and where do they think they would be going while taking an all‐inclusive view of the historical/social/culture/religious context.Design/methodology/approach – The paper undertakes a comprehensive re‐examination of the intersectional approach. An approach of gender with ethnicity and with religion and nationality or diaspora is suggested, in order to capture identities and focuses on relationship between gender and other categories of difference, in particular gender.Findings – A review of race/ethnicity in organization studies in the UK reveals the homogenizing of ethnicities and a gap, as there is a lack of focused resear.
An Introduction to Advances in Deception Theory

We warmly welcome you, the readers, to this special issue on Advances in Deception Theory in the Journal of Language and Social Psychology. We are honored and excited to co-participate in the development of this collection. In this introduction, we briefly describe the story behind how this issue came into being and preview for you its contents. This issue focuses on two new theories of deception: Information Manipulation Theory 2 (IMT2; McCornack, Morrison, Paik, Wisner, & Zhu, 2014) and TruthDefault Theory (TDT; Levine, 2014). These focal works are followed by peerreviewed, expert commentaries by Cole (2014), Greene (2014), Harwood (2014), Walczyk (2014), Van Swol (2014), and Verschuere and Shalvi (2014). Finally, we (Levine & McCornack, 2014) offer a concluding essay, providing our integrated vision for the future of deception theory. IMT2 (McCornack et al., 2014) is a propositional theory of deceptive discourse production that conceptually frames deception as involving the covert manipulation of information along multiple dimensions and as a contextual problem-solving activity driven by the desire for quick, efficient, and viable communicative solutions. IMT2 is rooted in linguistics, cognitive neuroscience, speech production, and artificial intelligence. Synthesizing these literatures, IMT2 posits a central premise with regard to deceptive discourse production, and 11 propositions deriving from this premise. The focus of TDT is more on the message receiver side. TDT seeks to provide a coherent account of meta-analytic findings such as the robust existence of truth-bias and the stubborn persistence of slightly-better-than-chance accuracy, while also providing a path to improved accuracy. As many of you may know, we (the authors) have collaborated on numerous joint works over the years, and consequently we were aware of each other’s theoretical
The Auschwitz Analogy: Holocaust Memory and American Debates over Intervention in Bosnia and Kosovo in the 1990s

This article examines the use of analogies to the Holocaust in debates over the propriety and morality of American intervention in the Balkan crises of the 1990s. Both the proponents and the opponents of intervention invoked the Holocaust precedent, drawing very different conclusions about its applicability to Bosnia and Kosovo. The debates demonstrate how ostensible lessons from the Holocaust experience were deployed to mobilize public opinion behind a humanitarian intervention. On the other hand, they also show how the application of Holocaust analogies to a controversial public policy often resulted in gross simplification of a complex past.
Predictors of 12-Step Group Preference Among Low-Income Treatment Participants with Alcohol Problems

Abstract Many persons who seek treatment for alcohol problems also report problems with illicit drugs. The high co-occurrence of these problems has implications for service delivery, including making referrals to 12-step groups. This study examined 12-step group preference in relation to demographic, psychological, or substance-related variables among low-income persons who identified alcohol as their drug of choice on admission to a substance abuse treatment program. Results indicated that African-Americans and respondents with both an alcohol and illicit drug problem did not prefer Alcoholics Anonymous over Narcotics Anonymous. These findings can guide clinicians in making referrals to 12-step groups.
Cloning, characterization, and expression of a novel GDP dissociation inhibitor isoform from skeletal muscle

Cellular mechanisms for controlling membrane trafficking appear to involve small GTP-binding proteins such as the Rab proteins. Rab function is regulated by GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI), which releases Rab proteins from membranes and inhibits GDP dissociation. Here we report the isolation of a full-length cDNA encoding a novel GDI isoform of 445 amino acids (GDI-2) with a deduced molecular weight of 50,649 from mouse skeletal muscle. Full-length and partial cDNA clones encoding a previously reported GDI protein (GDI-1) were also isolated from cDNA libraries prepared from rat brain and mouse skeletal muscle, respectively. The degree of deduced amino acid sequence identity between mouse GDI-2 and our mouse GDI-1 cDNA clone is 86%. Northern (RNA blot) analysis revealed that in human tissues, both GDI-1 and GDI-2 transcripts were abundant in brain, skeletal muscle, and pancreas but were weakly expressed in heart and liver. GDI-1 mRNA was expressed in kidney, whereas GDI-2 was almost absent, while in lung the relative amounts of these mRNA species were reversed. Specific antibodies against mouse GDI-1 and GDI-2 based on unique peptide sequences in the proteins were raised. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts into highly insulin-responsive adipocytes was accompanied by large increases in both mRNA and protein levels of GDI-1 and GDI-2. GDI-1 and GDI-2 expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins were both able to solubilize the membrane-bound forms of Rab4 and Rab5 in a GDP/GTP-dependent manner. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the protein products of at least two genes regulate the membrane dynamics of Rab proteins in mice.
Challenges and opportunities of electricity consumption optimisation in Slovenian households

The successful transition to a sustainable energy system based on energy efficiency and renewable energy sources is positioned very high on the political agenda in the European Union (EU). Expected investments in the energy efficiency are recognized as a new market opportunity for all energy suppliers. Based on comparative analysis of differences in electricity distribution load diagrams, innovative and more appropriate dynamic tariff system can be designed. In this paper, influence of the expected investments in the energy efficiency projects on the electricity costs for end consumers in the household sector in Slovenia and the market position of local energy suppliers have been evaluated. Special attention is given to the mechanisms that are suggested to correct market imperfections and to stimulate wider implementation of the energy efficiency projects. The paper also presents the possibilities to optimize electricity consumption by behavioral changes and load shifting in households.
Patient’s Experience in Pediatric Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders: Computerized Classification of Questionnaires

Introduction Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) are a heterogeneous group of more than 200 rare diseases. Timely diagnosis is of uttermost importance. Therefore, we aimed to develop a diagnostic questionnaire with computerized pattern-recognition in order to support physicians to identify suspicious patient histories. Materials and methods Standardized interviews were conducted with guardians of children with PID. The questionnaire based on parental observations was developed using Colaizzis’ framework for content analysis. Answers from 64 PID patients and 62 controls were analyzed by data mining methods in order to make a diagnostic prediction. Performance was evaluated by k-fold stratified cross-validation. Results The diagnostic support tool achieved a diagnostic sensitivity of up to 98%. The analysis of 12 interviews revealed 26 main phenomena observed by parents in the pre-diagnostic period. The questions were systematically phrased and selected resulting in a 36-item questionnaire. This was answered by 126 patients with or without PID to evaluate prediction. Item analysis revealed significant questions. Discussion Our approach proved suitable for recognizing patterns and thus differentiates between observations of PID patients and control groups. These findings provide the basis for developing a tool supporting physicians to consider a PID with a questionnaire. These data support the notion that patient’s experience is a cornerstone in the diagnostic process.
A Comparison Between GATE and Accelerated Convolution-Based Forced Detection SIMIND for Low- and Medium-Energy Collimators: A Simulation Study

Monte Carlo is an important and well established research tool used in emission tomography. While used extensively in research applications, these techniques are not typically implemented clinically due to their low detection efficiency and long acquisition times. In order to make this computational tool faster, the variance reduction technique known as convolution-based forced detection (CFD) has been implemented into the SIMIND MC code (CFD-SIMIND) by our group. Briefly, at each site of interaction within the object, photons are forced to travel in a direction perpendicular to the detector and are then convolved with a distance dependent blurring kernel specific to that collimator and photon energy. A similar CFD method has already been implemented as an option in the SIMIND Monte Carlo program. This study performs a comparison between a well established, non-VRT Monte Carlo program, GATE, with our accelerated CFD-SIMIND. The intent of this work is to establish if CFD-SIMIND can either replace or be used in conjunction with GATE in order to gain significant reduction in simulation times for low and medium energy isotopes. A number of simulation studies were performed using point sources in air and water, along with the 3D XCAT phantom and a rectangular sheet source for 99mTc with low and medium energy collimator and 111In with medium energy collimator. A comparison in the projection domain was then performed in terms of spatial resolution, sensitivity, image profiles and energy spectra. The study has shown percent differences of between 3–5 % in sensitivity between CFD-SIMIND and GATE with mean universal image quality index value of 0.994 ± 0.009 and spatial resolution within 0.2 mm of each other. CFD-SIMIND offers a significant reduction in simulation time by a factor of 5–6 orders of magnitude compared to GATE. This acceleration time is useful for many applications. This study also provides an objective tool that can help to determine if CFD-SIMIND can be used in place of GATE in order to achieve images of sufficient quality within a reduced time and at much lower computational cost.
Identifying Real-Life Complex Task Names with Task-Intrinsic Entities from Microblogs

Recently, users who search on the web are targeting to more complex tasks due to the explosive growth of web usage. To accomplish a complex task, users may need to obtain information of various entities. For example, a user who wants to travel to Beijing, should book a flight, reserve a hotel room, and survey a Beijing map. A complex task thus needs to submit several queries in order to seeking each of entities. Understanding complex tasks can allow a search engine to suggest related entities and help users explicitly assign their ongoing tasks.
On the Application of Evolutionary Computation Techniques in Designing Stream Cipher Systems

Encryption is an important mechanism used to protect private information from unauthorized access. Thus, cipher systems play an important role in the communication and storage systems. But, designing a cipher system of good properties, such as high degree of security and efficiency, is a complex process. Therefore, this paper considers this problem, and presents an attempt to find a general approach for designing good cipher systems automatically. In this paper we focus on an important class of cipher systems which is stream ciphers. The proposed approach is based on the evolutionary computation techniques, and the method chosen here is the simulated annealing programming which is an integration of genetic programming and simulated annealing algorithm. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in order to test its effectiveness in solving the underlying problem.
Prevalence and accompanying signs of pneumovagina and urovagina in dairy cows in the Southern Marmara region

Summary Objective: Studies on the prevalence of pneumo- and urovagina in cows are rare. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the most common accompanying clinical signs of pneumo- and urovagina in dairy cows. Material and methods: Between 2007 and 2010 a total of 1167 Holstein and Brown Swiss cows were examined clinically and bacteriologically. Pneumovagina was diagnosed if air was sucked in or expelled from the vagina spontaneously at any time. Urovagina was defined as the accumulation of urine at the fornix of the vagina. Results: The prevalence of pneumovagina and urovagina were 19.2% (n = 224) and 3.1% (n = 36), respectively. Several clinical findings were accompanying pneumovagina in affected cows. 77.7% of cows having pneumovagina additionally displayed foamy vaginal discharge during estrous. Passive urinary flow out of the vulva could be observed due to pressure during rectal examination in some cows with urovagina. Bacteriological examination of uterine swaps from 111 cows with pneumovagina yielded a positive result in 95.5% of the cases. Uterine samples from 20 control animals were bacteriologically positive in 45% of the cases. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Pneumovagina in cows has a much higher prevalence than published before and causes uterine infection, endometritis and infertility due to fecal contamination. Urovagina is always an accompanying sign in severe cases of pneumovagina. Foamy vaginal discharge during estrous can be regarded as pathognomonic and early sign of pneumovagina also in very mild cases. Evacuation of the uterus after parturition and a decrease in body condition score due to negative energy balance causes an increased negative intraabdominal pressure. These conditions seem to trigger the development of pneumo- and urovagina. For this reason repeat-breeders and especially cows with foamy vaginal discharge during estrous, passive urinary leakage and an angulated vulva dorsal to the ischiadic arch should be carefully examined for pneumovagina.
Evaluating Environmental Knowledge Dimension Convergence to Assess Educational Programme Effectiveness

One aim of environmental education is fostering sustainable environmental action. Some environmental behaviour models suggest that this can be accomplished in part by improving people's knowledge. Recent studies have identified a distinct, psychometrically supported environmental knowledge structure consisting of system, action-related and effectiveness knowledge. Besides system knowledge, which is most often the focus of such studies, incorporating the other knowledge dimensions into these dimensions was suggested to enhance effectiveness. Our study is among the first to implement these dimensions together in an educational campaign and to use these dimensions to evaluate the effectiveness of a programme on water issues. We designed a four-day environmental education programme on water issues for students at an educational field centre. We applied a newly developed multiple-choice instrument using a pre-, post-, retention test design. The knowledge scales were calibrated with the Rasch model. In addition to the commonly assessed individual change in knowledge level, we also measured the change in knowledge convergence, the extent to which the knowledge dimensions merge as a person's environmental knowledge increases, as an innovative indicator of educational success. Following programme participation, students significantly improved in terms of amount learned in each knowledge dimension and in terms of integration of the knowledge dimensions. The effectiveness knowledge shows the least gain, persistence and convergence, which we explain by considering the dependence of the knowledge dimensions on each other. Finally, we discuss emerging challenges for educational researchers and practical implications for environmental educators.
The power of spatial and temporal orderings in organizational learning

This article attends to the call for research on the often neglected spatial and temporal dynamics of organizational life. In particular, we examine the ways in which aspects of space and time facilitate or hinder learning and knowledge sharing in organizations. We draw on conceptual tools derived from work influenced largely by Henri Lefebvre to illustrate how a spatial–temporal lens throws new light on the problem of learning and knowledge sharing across organizational communities. We examine these dynamics in a qualitative study with four high-technology engineering companies in the energy conversion and automation and aerospace sectors. Building on a situated learning perspective, we argue that a spatial and temporal perspective contributes to our understanding of processes of identity construction and the power relations that influence access to forms of participation and learning across organizational communities.