Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell cycle control of higher-order chromatin assembly around naked DNA in vitro

We have developed an in vitro system in which higher-order chromatin structures are assembled around naked DNAs in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Membrane-free soluble extracts specific to interphase and mitotic states were prepared from Xenopus eggs. When high molecular weight DNA is incubated with interphase extracts, fluffy chromatin-like structures are assembled. In contrast, mitotic extracts produce highly condensed chromosome-like structures. Immunofluorescence studies show that a monoclonal antibody MPM-2, which recognizes a class of mitosis- specific phosphoproteins, stains the "core" or "axis" of condensed mitotic chromatin but not interphase chromatin. By adding mitotic extracts, interphase chromatin structures are synchronously converted into the condensed state. The increasingly condensed state of chromatin correlates with the appearance and structural rearrangements of the MPM- 2-stained structures. These results suggest that mitosis-specific phosphoproteins recognized by MPM-2 may be directly involved in the assembly of the chromosome scaffold-like structures and chromatin condensation. Although both extracts promote nucleosome assembly at the same rate, topoisomerase II (topo II) activity is four to five times higher in mitotic extracts compared with interphase extracts. The addition of a topo II inhibitor VM-26 into mitotic assembly mixtures disturbs the organization of the MPM-2-stained structures and affects the final stage of chromatin condensation. This in vitro system should be useful for identifying cis- and trans-acting elements responsible for higher-order chromatin assembly and its structural changes in the cell cycle.
Analysis of Parameter Selection for Gustafson–Kessel Fuzzy Clustering Using Jacobian Matrix

In fuzzy clustering, the fuzzy c-means (FCM) is the most known algorithm. Several extensions and variations of FCM had been proposed in the literature. The first important extension to FCM was proposed by Gustafson and Kessel (GK). In the GK fuzzy clustering, they considered the effect of different cluster shapes except for spherical shapes by replacing the Euclidean distance of the FCM objective function with the Mahalanobis distance. The GK algorithm has become one of the most frequently used clustering algorithms. Just like FCM, the fuzziness index m is a parameter in which the value will greatly influence the performance of the GK algorithm. However, there is no theoretical work on the parameter selection for the fuzziness index m of GK. In this paper, we reveal the relation between the stable fixed points of the GK algorithm and the datasets using Jacobian matrix analysis, and then provide a theoretical base for selecting the fuzziness index m in the GK algorithm. Some experimental results verify the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
Astronomy and Astrophysics Multiwavelength Studies of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy Ngc7469. I -far Uv Observations with Fuse

We obtained far-ultraviolet spectra of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 7469 using the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer on 1999 December 6. Our spectra cover the wavelength range 990–1187Å with a resolution of ∼ 0. 05Å. We see broad emission lines of C III, N III, O VI, and He II as well as intrinsic absorption lines in the O VI λλ1032, 1038 resonance doublet. The absorption arises in two distinct kinematic components at systemic velocities of −569 km s −1 and −1898 km s −1. Both components are very highly ionized—no significant Lyβ absorption is present. The higher blueshift component is not quite saturated, and it has a total O VI column density of 8 × 10 14 cm −2. It covers more than 90% of the continuum and broad-line emission. The lower blueshift component is heavily saturated and covers only ∼ 50% of the continuum and broad-line emission. It too has a column density of 8 × 10 14 cm −2 , but this is less certain due to the high saturation. We set an upper limit of < 1.5 × 10 18 cm −2 on the O VI column density of this component. Its line depth is consistent with coverage of only the continuum, and thus this component may lie interior to the broad emission-line gas. The component at −569 km s −1 has a velocity comparable to the high-ionization X-ray absorption lines seen in the XMM-Newton grating spectrum of NGC 7469, and photoionization models show that the observed column densities of O VI and H I are compatible with their formation in the same gas as that causing the X-ray absorption. The gas at −1898 km s −1 has lower ionization and column density , and no significant X-ray absorption is associated with it.
Storm Forest Damage Mapping Based On VHR InSAR Data

Remote sensing can be a good, effective and economic method to realise damage mapping consecutive to an extreme storm such as the one in December 1999 which severely hit Western Europe forests. Many recent studies tend to highlight this geomatic solution through high resolution optical and radar data. Here, the question asked is if higher resolution data give more efficient results. The French National Space Agency, CNES, has contracted SERTIT to evaluate both simulated data of the SPOT 5 satellite and VHR InSAR data, which are considered as a prototype for the future SAR sensor generation (2006-2010). Simulated data have been taken during airborne imaging campaigns in 2000 winter and spring periods, over the area of study covering the Haguenau Forest test site. This paper focuses on the assessment of Very High Resolution images (VHR), INSAR data. The results obtained confirm the interest of such data for damage detection in forestry areas.
NOISE AND SIGNAL FOR SPECTRA OF INTERMITTENT NOISELIKE EMISSION

We show that intermittency of noiselike emission, after propagation through a scattering medium, affects the distribution of noise in the observed correlation function. Intermittency also affects correlation of noise among channels of the spectrum, but leaves the average spectrum, average correlation function, and distribution of noise among channels of the spectrum unchanged. Pulsars are examples of such sources: intermittent and affected by interstellar propagation. We assume that the source emits Gaussian white noise, modulated by a time envelope. Propagation convolves the resulting time series with an impulse-response function that represents effects of dispersion, scattering, and absorption. We assume that this propagation kernel is shorter than the time for an observer to accumulate a single spectrum. We show that rapidly varying intermittent emission tends to concentrate noise near the central lag of the correlation function. We derive mathematical expressions for this effect, in terms of the time envelope and the propagation kernel. We present examples, discuss effects of background noise, and compare our results with observations.
3-D metal-direct-printed wideband and high-efficiency waveguide-fed antenna array

The Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) 3-D printing technique is used to fabricate a relatively large 8×8 wideband waveguide array with an integrated corporate-fed network. This DMLS rapid prototyping technique offers the flexibility to fabricate complicated waveguide-based structures with good reliability and high-precision. Experimental results show antenna efficiency is higher than 80% over a wide operation bandwidth and even exceeding 90% at most frequencies. This work demonstrates the 3-D DMLS technique is a promising manufacturing method for the fabrication of complex waveguide antenna arrays.
Accuracy analysis of hysteretic current-mode voltage regulator

In this paper, the accuracy of hysteretic current-mode voltage regulators for microprocessors is thoroughly analyzed. The inaccuracy issue is pointed out and the root cause is identified. In addition, analysis shows how the operation parameters, the components' value, and parasitic parameters influence this inaccuracy. Finally the experimental results show the effectiveness of this accuracy analysis
Possible Winners in Noisy Elections

We consider the problem of predicting winners in elections given complete knowledge about all possible candidates, all possible voters (together with their preferences), but in the case where it is uncertain either which candidates exactly register for the election or which voters cast their votes. Under reasonable assumptions our problems reduce to counting variants of election control problems. We either give polynomial-time algorithms or prove #P-completeness results for counting variants of control by adding/deleting candidates/voters for Plurality, k-Approval, Approval, Condorcet, and Maximin voting rules.
The Roles of Tryptophans in Primer Synthesis by the DNA Primase of Bacteriophage T7*

Background: What are the essential roles of five tryptophans in the T7 primase? Results: Replacement of Trp-42, -97, or -147 with the structurally similar tyrosine disturbs the conformation of the ZBD and reduces NTP binding and the catalysis step. Conclusion: Trp-42, -97, and -147 contribute to template binding, NTP binding, and the catalysis step. Significance: Trp-42, -97, and -147 play different but essential roles in T7 DNA primase. DNA primases catalyze the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides required for the initiation of lagging strand DNA synthesis. Prokaryotic primases consist of a zinc-binding domain (ZBD) necessary for recognition of a specific template sequence and a catalytic RNA polymerase domain. Interactions of both domains with the DNA template and ribonucleotides are required for primer synthesis. Five tryptophan residues are dispersed in the primase of bacteriophage T7: Trp-42 in the ZBD and Trp-69, -97, -147, and -255 in the RNA polymerase domain. Previous studies showed that replacement of Trp-42 with alanine in the ZBD decreases primer synthesis, whereas substitution of non-aromatic residues for Trp-69 impairs both primer synthesis and delivery. However, the roles of tryptophan at position 97, 147, or 255 remain elusive. To investigate the essential roles of these residues, we replaced each tryptophan with the structurally similar tyrosine and examined the effect of this subtle alteration on primer synthesis. The substitution at position 42, 97, or 147 reduced primer synthesis, whereas substitution at position 69 or 255 did not. The functions of the tryptophans were further examined at each step of primer synthesis. Alteration of residue 42 disturbed the conformation of the ZBD and resulted in partial loss of the zinc ion, impairing binding to the ssDNA template. Replacement of Trp-97 with tyrosine reduced the binding affinity to NTP and the catalysis step. The replacement of Trp-147 with tyrosine also impaired the catalytic step. Therefore, Trp-42 is important in maintaining the conformation of the ZBD for template binding; Trp-97 contributes to NTP binding and the catalysis step; and Trp-147 maintains the catalysis step.
Influence of diabetes mellitus on operative risk

In a retrospective study postoperative morbidity was compared between 224 patients with diabetes mellitus and 224 non‐diabetic control patients matched with regard to operative procedure (major vascular, abdominal and acute surgery for hip fracture), sex, age, complicating cardiovascular disease and weight. Forty‐six patients in each group had complications, without any trend towards specific morbidity in the diabetic group. Incidence of morbidity was similar in diabetic patients treated with insulin, oral antidiabetic agents or diet. Diabetic patients with complications had significantly (P<0.01) lower blood glucose pre‐ and postoperatively than those without complications. The risk of overlooking (type II error) a 25 per cent increase in complication rate in the diabetic patients was less than 10 per cent and the risk of overlooking a 50 per cent increase in morbidity less than 0.5 per cent. These results do not support the common belief that diabetes per se may increase surgical risk.
The Politics of Technopols: Resources, Political Competence and Collective Leadership in Chile, 1990–2010

Abstract This article systematically analyses the inner circle of the coalition that governed Chile between 1990 and 2010. To this end, it takes the notion of ‘technopol’ and transforms it into a sociological category by clearly identifying the nature of the ‘technical’ and ‘political’ resources of 20 agents who served as ministers and undersecretaries in key government posts. Over two decades these agents provided the governing coalition, the Concertación, with a form of collective leadership. The article thus shows that only this small group of powerful agents can be termed technopols since only they exhibited ‘tech’ and ‘pol’ resources as well as a particular form of political competence, making it possible to differentiate them from technocrats and politicians. Spanish abstract Este artículo analiza sistemáticamente el círculo íntimo de la coalición que gobernó Chile entre 1990 y 2010. Para tal fin, toma la noción de ‘tecnopol’ y lo transforma en una categoría sociológica al identificar claramente la naturaleza de los recursos ‘técnicos’ y ‘políticos’ de 20 agentes que sirvieron como ministros y subsecretarios en puestos gubernamentales clave. Por más de dos décadas tales personajes proveyeron a la coalición gobernante, la Concertación, cierta forma de liderazgo colectivo. Por lo tanto el artículo muestra que sólo los miembros de este pequeño grupo poderoso pueden ser llamados ‘tecnopols’ ya que sólo ellos mostraron recursos ‘técnicos’ y ‘políticos’ así como una forma particular de capacidad política, lo que hace posible diferenciarlos tanto de tecnócratas como de políticos. Portuguese abstract O círculo interno da coalizão que governou o Chile entre 1990 e 2010 é analizado sistematicamente aqui. Para tal, a noção de ‘tecnopol’ é transformada em categoria sociológica ao claramente identificar os aspectos ‘técnicos’ e ‘políticos’ de 20 agentes que atuaram como minístros e sub-secretários em postos-chaves do governo. Ao longo de duas décadas esses agentes emprestaram à Concertación, a coalizão governista, uma forma de liderança coletiva. É demonstrado que somente este pequeno grupo de agentes poderosos pode ser denominado ‘tecnopols’ já que somentes eles apresentavam os recursos ‘tec’ e ‘pol’, assim como uma forma específica de competência política, fazendo com que seja possível distinguí-los dos tecnocratas e dos políticos.
Collaborative practice: the basis of good educational work

It is notoriously difficult to classify occupations as professions and to define professional work. Numerous authors such as Hoyle and John (1995) have provided criteria for categorising occupations as professions but the judgement still remains a difficult one. Professional work is variously described in the literature as esoteric, complex and discretionary and requiring theoretical knowledge, skill and judgement – see, for example, Freidson (2004). In recent times, defining occupations as professions has become even more complicated as changes in the nature of work and technological changes have blurred the professional/non-professional boundary. In schools in the UK, the boundaries between professional and other occupational groupings have shifted and will mutate further through the workforce remodelling initiative (DfES, 2003). Some argue that the term ‘profession’ may no longer be useful as a way of defining occupations and that in any case the term is simply a way of creating an ‘occupational shelter’ or ‘closed shop’ (Dietrich & Roberts, 1997). Despite all that, as Freidson (1991) argues very persuasively, ‘It is not just any kind of work that professionals do . the work they do is believed to be especially important for the well-being of individuals and society at large’ (Freidson, 1991: 194). He is clear that professional work is Good Work (his use of upper case). It has a moral purpose (Green, 1984) and arguably that sense of moral purpose should underpin all teaching, leadership and management in every school. The purpose of schools is to undertake Good Work. The ideas in this paper originated in a study of ‘Good Educational Work’ which I undertook with Michael Connolly, Gerald Dunning and Tony Elliott (James et al., 2006). We researched the nature of primary schools in Wales in disadvantaged settings. These schools were unusual in that the pupils reached very high levels of attainment. So, the schools – the pupils, the staff, the parents, the governing body and the community had overcome one of the main reasons for low pupil attainment: social and economic disadvantage, which is Good Work indeed. We have described the key features of the 18 primary schools we studied in a previous edition of this journal (James et al., 2007). To recap, the features were: leadership; the mindset; the teaching team; the engagement and commitment of the pupils and their parents; very efficient and effective organisation and management; and mutual support, validation and valuing from all those connected with the school. Very importantly, the educational work the schools were engaged in was extremely meaningful to them. There was thus a
Conceptual Processes in Schizophrenia Revealed by the Visual-Verbal Test

Schizophrenics are recognized and classified in large part on the basis of their cognitive processes which differ from normals in characteristic ways. Clinical observations and test measures both seem to point up the characteristic conceptual thinking of the schizophrenic. More specifically the test findings of Vigotsky (21), Hanfmann and Kasanin ( 12), and Goldstein and Scheerer ( 11 ) , among others, lead to the conclusions that: ( a ) schizophrenics manifest considerable difficulty in abstracting or sorting objects into classes, and ( b ) schizophrenics demonstrate a relative inability to shift from one concept to another when two different concepts can be evolved from the same stimulus objects. The writers have developed an objective test, the Visual-Verbal Test, based upon these principles. The present article describes work done on the test since its inception ( 10). Test material and administratdon. -The Visual-Verbal Test ( W T ) consiscs of two 3" x 5" demonstration cards and 42 similar test cards. Each card contains 4 stimulus objects as illustrated in Fig. 1. The test items, constructed
The Properties of Mediated Action in Three Different Literacy Contexts in South Africa

The notion of ‘mediation’ is central to the theory of sociocultural psychology as originally espoused by Vygotsky. This idea has been further developed by Wertsch, and seven specific aspects of ‘mediated action’ are used as an organizing principle here. Literacy contexts, described most graphically by Heath, are a rich source of understanding of the situations children are embedded in, and the literacy understandings they bring to school. In this paper, these two different approaches are used as a cross-classificatory schema for describing literacy and schooling contexts in primary education in South Africa over the past two decades. ‘Maintown’ in this paper is similar to that in the work of Brice Heath; ‘Ntsha Tsela’ is introduced as a uniquely (South) African context; and ‘Roadville’, the point of greatest integration and change in education, provides a site for future deeper analysis.
Spectral un-mixing of natural surfaces scenarios

Natural geological surfaces may have various mineralogical compositions and physical properties. Surface reflectance spectra acquired by field spectrometers result generally of contributions from several end-members (various soil/rock types, different sizes, etc.). Most of the algorithms commonly available these days to access sub-pixel information deal with linear (or spatial) un-mixing. However, natural environments represent complex situations, combining linear and non-linear mixtures at various scales. At this stage, empirical investigations are best suited to try and better understand the result of mixtures on spectral reflectance of natural surfaces. Surface spectral reflectance was acquired with an ASD FieldSpec spectrometer, covering the 0.4-2.5 μm range with a spectral resolution of 1 nm. A linear un-mixing algorithm was applied to several cases, then end-member abundances were estimated and compared to real abundances. Results showed non-ability of linear un-mixing to predict correct abundances of some end-members. This derives from non-linear contribution of some components of the mixture.
Three Ways to Grow Designs: A Comparison of Embryogenies for an Evolutionary Design Problem

This paper explores the use of growth processes, or embryogenies, to map genotypes to phenotypes within evolutionary systems. Following a summary of the significant features of embryogenies, the three main types of embryogenies in Evolutionary Computation are then identified and explained: external, explicit and implicit. An experimental comparison between these three different embryogenies and an evolutionary algorithm with no embryogeny is performed. The problem set to the four evolutionary systems is to evolve tessellating tiles. In order to assess the scalability of the embryogenies, the problem is increased in difficulty by enlarging the size of tiles to be evolved. The results are surprising, with the implicit embryogeny outperforming all other techniques by showing no significant increase in the size of the genotypes or decrease in accuracy of evolution as the scale of the problem is increased.
Mapping the Association of Emotional Contagion to Leaders, Colleagues, and Clients: Implications for Leadership

This article investigates emotional contagion in workplaces by proposing an expanded approach that simultaneously considers contagion both absorbed by (i.e., contagion absorbed) and issued toward (i.e., contagion infected) others, namely, within-individual bidirectional contagion. Furthermore, it explores the differential association of contagion to leaders, colleagues, and clients, namely, a holistic mapping. Participants (N = 694) from six organizations were asked how frequently they both absorbed and transmitted four basic emotions from or to others, and whether the emotional experience occurred with regard to their leaders, colleagues, and clients. The findings reveal that positive and negative emotions considered for within-individual bidirectional contagion were more frequently experienced with colleagues followed by clients, whereas leaders were the least associated with emotional contagion. The relevance of a holistic mapping of emotional contagion in work settings and its implications for leadership are discussed.
Censoring and combining in cooperative communications assisted by a relay

A cooperative communication system in which a censorial relay is adopted to assist binary data transmission from a source to a destination is addressed in this paper. A censorial relay is also called a selective DF (decode-and-forward) relay. It censors (i.e. does not pass forward) decisions that are deemed as not reliable enough. The reliability of decisions is measured in terms of the magnitude of the log likelihood ratio (LLR) of a received data bit (from the source). If this magnitude is below some preset threshold, then the data bit is censored. At the destination, the received signals from the source and the relay are lineally combined. The ratio between the coefficients for combining must be properly chosen in order to minimize the BER. In many works found in the literature, those coefficients for combining are chosen according to the maximum ratio combining (MRC) rule. However, it will be shown that MRC is not the optimal choice. We will show what the optimal choice is. Moreover, we will also show what the optimal LLR threshold for censoring is. The key reason for the feasibility of finding the optimal combining coefficients and the optimal censoring threshold is that a closed-form BER formula is derived (and then, of course, is utilized). To further take advantage of this BER formula, it is also used to perform power allocation (PA) between the source and the relay. Results from theoretical analysis and simulation are generated to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system. Those results are also compared to some existing relay-assisted cooperative communication systems found in the literature.