Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KCNE2 forms potassium channels with KCNA3 and KCNQ1 in the choroid plexus epithelium

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is crucial for normal function and mechanical protection of the CNS. The choroid plexus epithelium (CPe) is primarily responsible for secreting CSF and regulating its composition by mechanisms currently not fully understood. Previously, the heteromeric KCNQ1‐KCNE2 K+ channel was functionally linked to epithelial processes including gastric acid secretion and thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Here, using Kcne2–/– tissue as a negative control, we found cerebral expression of KCNE2 to be markedly enriched in the CPe apical membrane, where we also discovered expression of KCNQ1. Targeted Kcne2 gene deletion in C57B6 mice increased CPe outward K+ current 2‐fold. The Kcne2 deletion‐enhanced portion of the current was inhibited by XE991 (10 μM) and margatoxin (10 μM) but not by dendrotoxin (100 nM), indicating that it arose from augmentation of KCNQ subfamily and KCNA3 but not KCNA1 K+ channel activity. Kcne2 deletion in C57B6 mice also altered the polarity of CPe KCNQ1 and KCNA3 trafficking, hyperpolarized the CPe membrane by 9 ± 2 mV, and increased CSF [Cl–] by 14% compared with wild‐type mice. These findings constitute the first report of CPe dysfunction caused by cation channel gene disruption and suggest that KCNE2 influences blood‐CSF anion flux by regulating KCNQ1 and KCNA3 in the CPe. —Roepke, T. K. , Kanda, V. A. , Purtell, K. , King, E. C. , Lerner, D. J., Abbott, G. W. KCNE2 forms potassium channels with KCNA3 and KCNQ1 in the choroid plexus epithelium. FASEB J. 25, 4264–4273 (2011). www.fasebj. org
Fractal theory based Non-linear analysis of sEMG

This research examines the use of fractal theory to study the properties of surface electromyogram (sEMG). The paper reports identifying a new fractal feature, maximum fractal length (MFL) that, along with fractal dimensions, has been found to be useful in modelling the muscle activity. Experimental results demonstrate that the combination of fractal dimension and maximum fractal length of sEMG recordings is suitable for characterising the activation of subtle gestures. The log-log plots demonstrate the presence of patterns of these features for each of the hand gesture that can be related to the muscle anatomy. The results indicate that there is small inter-experimental variation but there are large inter-subject variations. This inter-subject variation may be attributable to anatomical differences for the different subjects. The possible applications of this research include use of classifying sEMG for controlling machines and computers.
Apophallus microsoma N. SP. from Chicks Infected with Metacercariae from Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch  ) and Review of the Taxonomy and Pathology of the Genus Apophallus (Heterophyidae)

Abstract: Metacercariae of an unidentified species of Apophallus Lühe, 1909 are associated with overwinter mortality in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792), in the West Fork Smith River, Oregon. We infected chicks with these metacercariae in order to identify the species. The average size of adult worms was 197 × 57 μm, which was 2 to 11 times smaller than other described Apophallus species. Eggs were also smaller, but larger in proportion to body size, than in other species of Apophallus. Based on these morphological differences, we describe Apophallus microsoma n. sp. In addition, sequences from the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene from Apophallus sp. cercariae collected in the study area, which are likely conspecific with experimentally cultivated A. microsoma, differ by >12% from those we obtained from Apophallus donicus (Skrjabin and Lindtrop, 1919) and from Apophallus brevis Ransom, 1920. The taxonomy and pathology of Apophallus species is reviewed.
Mapping millimeter wave propagation to 5G physical layer: A brief review and look foward

Millimeter wave (mmWave) is one of the key technologies in the fifth-generation (5G) wireless system, providing abundant spectrum resources to meet the ever-increasing wireless connections and a huge volume of data traffic. Nowadays, many experts and scholars in this field are focusing on the relationship between channel modeling and system performances of mmWave cellular networks. In this paper, we first present a brief review on the state-of-the-art mmWave cellular networks. Then, after summarizing the elements of mmWave channel modeling and methods of system performance analysis, we suggest a mapping mechanism between the physical layer and the mmWave propagation environment. The mapping is a function, whose inputs are the propagation environment parameters and the outputs are the key performance metrics of mmWave cellular networks, such as the signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio (SINR), data rate, etc. By utilizing the proposed mapping method, we are able to extract the key system design parameters, which are closely connected to the underlay propagation environment. Furthermore, parameterized by the mapping method, we can optimize the network layout (e.g., reposition base stations) to improve the quality of experience (QoE) of users. Finally, thanks to the open structure of the proposed mapping method, we plan to further apply the mechanism to enable multi-layer (e.g., data link layer and network layer) or cross-layer optimization in the future research.
The interaction in vitro between human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and Neisseria gonorrhoeae cultivated in the chick embryo

Cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the allantoic cavity of 10-day chick embryos ensured the following necessary properties for subsequent quantitive in vitro phagocytosis studies of viable gonococci: log phase of growth, resistance to the cidal effect of fresh human serum, maintenance of colonial type, and absence of clumping. Employing a modification of the Maaloe technique, phagocytosis of log-phase type 1 and 2 gonococci by human PMN leukocytes did not occur in the presence or absence of serum. These findings indicate that log-phase type 1 and 2 gonococci possess antiphagocytic surface factors Stationary-phase organisms of the same colonial type were ingested and rapidly killed by human PMN leukocytes under similar experimental conditions, thus emphasizing the necessity to employ log-phase gonococci in the study of phagocytosis and antiphagocytic surface factors. Log-phase type 4 gonococci were ingested and rapidly killed by human PMN leukocytes in the presence of fresh human serum but not heat-inactivated serum or in the absence of serum. Morphologic studies demonstrated that log-phase viable gonococci attach to the surface membrane of human PMN leukocytes. Interiorization of avirulent but not virulent organisms was observed in the presence of fresh human serum. Gonococci-human PMN leukocyte interactions thus provide a model for the investigation of the nonimmunologic and immunologic parameters associated with the attachment and ingestion stages of phagocytosis.
RAFCON: A graphical tool for engineering complex, robotic tasks

Robotic tasks are becoming increasingly complex, and with this also the robotic systems. This requires new tools to manage this complexity and to orchestrate the systems to fulfill demanding autonomous tasks. For this purpose, we developed a new graphical tool targeting at the creation and execution of robotic tasks, called RAFCON. These tasks are described in hierarchical state machines supporting concurrency. A formal notation of this concept is given. The tool provides many debugging mechanisms and a GUI with a graphical editor, allowing for intuitive visual programming and fast prototyping. The application of RAFCON for an autonomous mobile robot in the SpaceBotCamp competition has already proved to be successful.
Analysis of dynamic spectra in ferret primary auditory cortex. I. Characteristics of single-unit responses to moving ripple spectra.

1. Auditory stimuli referred to as moving ripples are used to characterize the responses of both single and multiple units in the ferret primary auditory cortex. Moving ripples are broadband complex sounds with a sinusoidal spectral profile that drift along the logarithmic frequency axis at a constant velocity. 2. Neuronal responses to moving ripples are locked to the phase of the ripple, i.e., they exhibit the same periodicity as that of the moving ripple profile. Neural responses are characterized as a function of ripple velocity (temporal property) and ripple frequency (spectral property). Transfer functions describing the response to these temporal and spectral modulations are constructed. Temporal transfer functions are inverse Fourier transformed to obtain impulse response functions that reflect the cell's temporal characteristics. Ripple transfer functions are inverse Fourier transformed to obtain the response field, a measure analogous to the cell's response area. These operations assume linearity in the cell's response to moving ripples. 3. Transfer functions and other response functions are shown to be fairly independent on the overall level or depth of modulation of the ripple stimuli. Only downward moving ripples were used in this study. 4. The temporal and ripple transfer functions are found to be separable, in that their shapes remain unchanged for different test parameters. Thus ripple transfer functions and response fields remain statistically similar in shape (to within an overall scale factor) regardless of the ripple velocity or whether stationary or moving ripples are used in the measurement. The same stability in shape holds for the temporal transfer functions and the impulse response functions measured with different ripple frequencies. Separability implies that the combined spectrotemporal transfer function of a cell can be written as the product of a purely ripple and a purely temporal transfer functions, and thus that the neuron can be computationally modeled as processing spectral and temporal information in two separate and successive stages. 5. The ripple parameters that characterize cortical cells are distributed somewhat evenly, with the characteristic ripple frequencies ranging from 0.2 to > 2 cycles/octave and the characteristic angular frequency typically ranging from 2 to 20 Hz. 6. Many responses exhibit periodicities in the spectral envelope of the stimulus. These periodicities are of two types. Slow rebounds, not found in the spectral envelope, and with a period of approximately 150 ms, appear with various strengths in approximately 30% of the cells. Fast regular firings with interspike intervals of approximately 10 ms are much less common and appear to correspond to interactions between the component tones that make up a ripple.
A Language for Human Action

Human-centered computing (HCC) involves conforming computer technology to humans while naturally achieving human-machine interaction. In a human-centered system, the interaction focuses on human requirements, capabilities, and limitations. These anthropocentric systems also focus on the consideration of human sensory-motor skills in a wide range of activities. This ensures that the interface between artificial agents and human users accounts for perception and action in a novel interaction paradigm. In turn, this leads to behavior understanding through cognitive models that allow content description and, ultimately, the integration of real and virtual worlds. Our work focuses on building a language that maps to the lower-level sensory and motor languages and to the higher-level natural language. An empirically demonstrated human activity language provides sensory-motor-grounded representations for understanding human actions. A linguistic framework allows the analysis and synthesis of these actions.
Generating relevant paths using keyword search on compact XML

The management of XML data has always been a popular research issue. A simple yet effective way to search in XML database is keyword search. In existing methods, the user has to compose query with which the relevant answers can be retrieved. These methods require the user to have prior knowledge about the data. To overcome the issues arising out of these methods, several approaches have been proposed. In this paper, Two challenges for searching the keyword in XML document has been proposed; 1) how to retrieve high answer semantics matches of the keyword queries (Top-k) 2) how to identify the relevant path for the keyword queries. To identify relevant answers over XML data streams, the Compact Lowest Common Ancestors (CLCAs) are used. We use a compact storage structure (QUICX) system which is efficient both in compression and storage with indexing features for efficient querying. Experiments were carried out using benchmark datasets such as geographical dataset (mondial) and bibliographic dataset (DBLP). In order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed system, it is compared against the existing system with respect to time taken for retrieval and the proposed system achieves about 63.3% of improvement over the keyword search in XML document in terms of time taken for retrieval.
A new architecture for modeling and prediction of dynamic systems using neural networks: Application in Tehran stock exchange

Modeling and forecasting Stock market is a challenging task for economists and engineers since it has a dynamic structure and nonlinear characteristic. This nonlinearity affects the efficiency of the price characteristics. Using an Artificial Neural Network is a proper way to model this nonlinearity and it has been used successfully in one-step ahead and multi-step ahead prediction of different stock prices. Several factors, such as input variables, preparing data, network architecture and training procedure, have huge impact on the accuracy of the neural network prediction. The purpose of this paper is to derive a method for multi-step ahead prediction based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Real-Time Recurrent Learning (RTRL) networks and Nonlinear AutoRegressive model process with eXogenous input (NARX). The model is trained and tested by Tehran Securities Exchange data.
Multi‐label classification for colon cancer using histopathological images

Colon cancer classification has a significant guidance value in clinical diagnoses and medical prognoses. The classification of colon cancers with high accuracy is the premise of efficient treatment. Our task is to build a system for colon cancer detection and classification based on slide histopathological images. Some former researches focus on single label classification. Through analyzing large amount of colon cancer images, we found that one image may contain cancer regions of multiple types. Therefore, we reformulated the task as multi‐label problem. Four kinds of features (Color Histogram, Gray‐Level Co‐occurrence Matrix, Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Euler number) were introduced to compose our discriminative feature set, extracted from our dataset that includes six single categories and four multi‐label categories. In order to evaluate the performance and make comparison with our multi‐label model, three commonly used multi‐classification methods were designed in our experiment including one‐against‐all SVM (OAA), one‐against‐one SVM (OAO) and multi‐structure SVM. Four indicators (Precision, Recall, F‐measure, and Accuracy) under 3‐fold cross‐validation were used to validate the performance of our approach. Experiment results show that the precision, recall and F‐measure of multi‐label method as 73.7%, 68.2%, and 70.8% with all features, which are higher than the other three classifiers. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method on colon histopathological images analysis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:1266–1277, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The sequential PHD filter for nonlinear and Gaussian models

The probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter handles the measurements periodically, once a scan period. Since measurements have to be gathered for a scan period before the PHD filter can perform a recursion, significant delay may arise if the scan period is long. To reduce this delay, we proposed sequential PHD filter. A Gaussian mixture implementation of the sequential PHD filter for nonlinear and Gaussian models is also developed, where the unscented transformation is employed to deal with the nonlinearities of target dynamic and measurement models. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed filter updates the posterior intensity whenever a new measurement becomes available, and tracks multiple targets better than the PHD filter in the presence of missed detections.
Self-Efficacy, Sense of Belonging, and Sense of Obligation in First Generation College Students

First generation college (FGC) students are people whose parents didn’t earn a college degree (Stebleton, Soria, & Huesman, 2014). FGC students may come from marginalized backgrounds, which may limit or hinder their higher education experience (Nuñez, 2009). Self-efficacy is necessary for FGC students to surpass the challenges they face, as those who feel less capable don’t continue the pursuit of higher education. FGC students may feel like their demographics or the challenges they face are magnified by the salient stereotypes of their group identification (Wout, Danso, Jackson, & Spencer, 2008), which could then make them feel like they don’t belong on college campuses. Also, FGC students, especially those of immigrant parents, may feel a high sense of obligation and high pressures to succeed academically because immigrant parents remain optimistic about the futures of their children and reinforce the importance of higher education (Raleigh & Kao, 2010). Of the 33 college students who participated in this study, 18 were FGC students. The Academic Self-Efficacy Measure (Byrne, Flood, & Griffin, 2014), the University Connectedness Scale (Stallman & Hurst, 2016), and the Respect for Family Measure (Fuligni, & Pedersen, 2002) were used to compare the experiences of FGC students to continuing generation college students. Results suggested that FGC students do feel a strong obligation to their family, and traditional aged FGC students have poorer self-efficacy than continuing generation college students. Our understanding of these differences could help foster a better experience for all students.
Biochemical and Structural Insights into a Novel Thermostable β-1,3-Galactosidase from Marinomonas sp. BSi20414

A novel β-1,3-galactosidase, designated as MaBGA (β-galactosidase from Marinomonas sp. BSi20414), was successfully purified to homogeneity from Marinomonas sp. BSi20414 isolated from Arctic sea ice by ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion exchange chromatography, resulting in an 8.12-fold increase in specific activity and 9.9% recovery in total activity. MaBGA displayed its maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 60 °C, and maintained at least 90% of its initial activity over the pH range of 5.0–8.0 after incubating for 1 h. It also exhibited considerable thermal stability, which retained 76% of its initial activity after incubating at 50 °C for 6 h. In contrast to other β-galactosidases, MaBGA displayed strict substrate specificity, not only for the glycosyl group, but also for the linkage type. To better understand the structure–function relationship, the encoding gene of MaBGA was obtained and subject to bioinformatics analysis. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed that MaBGA belonged to the glycoside hydrolase family 42 and had closer genetic relationships with thermophilic β-galactosidases of extremophiles. With the aid of homology modeling and molecular docking, we proposed a reasonable explanation for the linkage selectivity of MaBGA from a structural perspective. On account of the robust stability and 1,3-linkage selectivity, MaBGA would be a promising candidate in the biosynthesis of galacto-oligosaccharide with β1–3 linkage.
Preschoolers' engagement in social interaction with an autonomous robotic system

In this paper, we present an empirical study with children at the age of 4 and 5 years to reveal whether they engage with a robot in an interaction. For our analysis, we developed a score assessing the interaction level. It consists of emotional involvement, engagement and independence of the child in the interaction. For the interaction, an autonomous system was equipped with a designed dialogic structure. It consisted of a repertoire of (pre-recorded) interaction protocols that a robot can apply in an interaction. The results from the evaluation suggest that the implementation was successful as most of the studied children engaged in the interaction with the robot. The results also reveal some gender differences. The long-term aim of the study is to develop an autonomous system that can be applied in an interaction with young children.
Young People's Attributions of Privacy Rights and Obligations in Digital Sexting Culture

Youth sexters are considered vulnerable to privacy violations in the form of unauthorized distribution, in which sexts are distributed beyond the intended recipient without the consent of the subject. This article draws on group and one-to-one interviews with young people 14 to 18 years of age living in southeastern England to show how they constructed privacy rights and obligations in sexting. The analysis suggests that their constructions were shaped by individualistic orientations to risk management, social meanings of privacy in the “digital world,” and broader norms and values regarding gender, trust, and approved conduct of behavior in intimate relationships. The article concludes that educational and community interventions on sexting with young people should deconstruct and challenge narrow ethical frameworks regarding privacy rights and obligations, and young people’s tendency to blame and responsibilize victims of privacy violations in sexting.
Implementation and Evaluation of a 3D Multi Modal Learning Environment

We developed and tested a multimedia education system, called LEMMA, which allows educators without programming experience to design 3D interactive multi-modal tutorials. For the learner, our system aims to leverage advantages of interactive computer visualizations and the navigational benefits of hypermedia. LEMMA supports upcoming design principles in computer-aided education, such as modularity and reusability, facilitated through a storyboard-style authoring environment that promotes consistency among multiple media, including text, speech, 3D visualizations, and 2D and 3D interaction. We created a first tutorial about "Rotational Rigid Body Dynamics" and applied it in an un dergraduate physics course, using an interactive reach-through screen as our medium of choice for 3D visualization and interaction. This paper introduces the system itself, the methodology the system uses and provides the results of an initial user evaluation.
Crystal structure of a complex of human chymase with its benzimidazole derived inhibitor

The crystal structure of human chymase complexed with a novel benzimidazole inhibitor, TJK002, was determined at 2.8 Å resolution. The present study shows that the benzimidazole ring of the inhibitor takes the stable stacking interaction with the protonated His57 in the catalytic domain of human chymase.
The Coleman Diagram, Small N Inquiry and Ethnographic Causality

Certain key ideas have served to stimulate thought about the nature of sociological inquiry by presenting frameworks which are adjustable to the varying demands of different sorts of data. They provide, as it were, heuristics which enable a systematic debate about the optimal simplifications that are enjoined by varying types of data, notably what are sometimes labelled as quantitative and qualitative. In so doing they facilitate a variety of analyses, generate hypotheses and eventually lead to discoveries that transcend inherited boundaries. Our claim is that the Coleman diagram, though largely interpreted within a quantitative tradition, is one such framework for formalizing qualitative methods and for understanding the interplay between different types of data in the social sciences.