Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hardware error detection using AN-Codes

Due to the continuously decreasing feature sizes and the increasing complexity of integrated circuits, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware is becoming less and less reliable. However, dedicated reliable hardware is expensive and usually slower than commodity hardware. Thus, economic pressure will most likely result in the usage of unreliable COTS hardware in safety-critical systems. The usage of unreliable, COTS hardware in safety-critical systems results in the need for software-implemented solutions for handling execution errors caused by this unreliable hardware. In this thesis, we provide techniques for detecting hardware errors that disturb the execution of a program. The detection provided facilitates handling of these errors, for example, by retry or graceful degradation. We realize the error detection by transforming unsafe programs that are not guaranteed to detect execution errors into safe programs that detect execution errors with a high probability. Therefore, we use arithmetic AN-, ANB-, ANBD-, and ANBDmem-codes. These codes detect errors that modify data during storage or transport and errors that disturb computations as well. Furthermore, the error detection provided is independent of the hardware used. We present the following novel encoding approaches: • Software Encoded Processing (SEP) that transforms an unsafe binary into a safe execution at runtime by applying an ANB-code, and • Compiler Encoded Processing (CEP) that applies encoding at compile time and provides different levels of safety by using different arithmetic codes. In contrast to existing encoding solutions, SEP and CEP allow to encode applications whose data and control flow is not completely predictable at compile time. For encoding, SEP and CEP use our set of encoded operations also presented in this thesis. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first ones that present the encoding of a complete RISC instruction set including boolean and bitwise logical operations, casts, unaligned loads and stores, shifts and arithmetic operations. Our evaluations show that encoding with SEP and CEP significantly reduces the amount of erroneous output caused by hardware errors. Furthermore, our evaluations show that, in contrast to replication-based approaches for detecting errors, arithmetic encoding facilitates the detection of permanent hardware errors. This increased reliability does not come for free. However, unexpectedly the runtime costs for the different arithmetic codes supported by CEP compared to redundancy increase only linearly, while the gained safety increases exponentially.
B R Interaction of Olive Oil Phenol Antioxidant Components with Low-density Lipoprotein

Phenolic compounds have shown to inhibit LDL oxidation in vitro and ex vivo; however, they are hydrosoluble compounds while LDL is a lipoprotein. Analysis of phenolic compounds in LDLs by HPLC is necessary to demonstrate their binding capacity to lipoproteins. We developed and validated a solid phase extraction method (SPE) that allowed us the purification of LDL samples and their analysis by HPLC. This methodology allowed us to demonstrate the in vitro binding capacity of tyrosol, one of the main phenolic compounds in olive oil, to LDL. In the intervention dietary study with volunteers, food rich in phenolic compounds affected LDL composition. Changes in LDL phenolics composition are not observed after the short-term ingestion of food rich in phenolic compounds. However, after one week of olive oil consumption and Mediterranean diet there was an increase in phenolics (p=0.021). An accumulative effect seems necessary to observe significative differences in LDL phenolic composition.
Overall Survival Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy vs Primary Cytoreductive Surgery in Women With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Analysis of the National Cancer Database

Importance Uncertainty remains about the relative benefits of primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS) vs neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Objective To compare overall survival of PCS vs NACT in a large national population of women with advanced-stage EOC. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study of women with stage IIIC and IV EOC diagnosed between 2003 and 2011 treated at hospitals across the United States reporting to the National Cancer Data Base. We focused on patients 70 years or younger with a Charlson comorbidity index of 0 who were likely candidates for either treatment. Exposures Initial treatment approach of PCS vs NACT, examined using an intent-to-treat analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall survival, defined as months from cancer diagnosis to death or date of the last contact. We used propensity score matching to compare similar women who underwent PCS and NACT. The association of treatment approach with overall survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. We assessed whether the findings were influenced by differences in the prevalence of an unobserved confounder, such as limited performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 1-2), preoperative disease burden, and BRCA status. Results Among 22 962 patients (mean [SD] age, 56.12 [9.38] years), 19 836 (86.4%) received PCS and 3126 (13.6%) underwent NACT. We matched 2935 patients treated with NACT with similar patients who received PCS. The median follow-up was 56.5 (95% CI, 54.5-59.2) months in the PCS group and 56.3 (95% CI, 54.5-59.8) months in the NACT group in the propensity-matched cohort. Among propensity score–matched groups, the median overall survival was 37.3 (95% CI, 35.2-38.7) months in the PCS group and 32.1 (95% CI, 30.8-34.1) months in the NACT group (P < .001). However, if the NACT group had a higher proportion of women with performance statuses of 1 to 2 compared with those who underwent PCS (60% vs 50%), the association of PCS and improved survival would not be statistically significant. Conclusions and Relevance Primary cytoreductive surgery was associated with improved survival compared with NACT in otherwise healthy women with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer aged 70 years or younger. The lower survival in women who received NACT could be explained by a higher prevalence of limited performance status in women undergoing NACT.
Mapping short reads to a genome without using hash look-up table algorithm and Burrows Wheeler Transformation

Many new sequencing techniques have been proposed in the last few years. A number of tools have been developed for mapping short reads to the genome. However, these tools used the hash look-up table algorithm for reads or for the genome. With more and more reads sequenced and the length of reads increases; these tools will require huge memory usage and may be not practical for biologists and applications. Recently, new tools were designed to overcome this problem by using Burrows Wheeler Transformation. In this paper, we propose a program, FRESCO, without using hash look-up table algorithm and Burrows Wheeler Transformation. By well-designed techniques in FRESCO, the memory usage can be controlled by users. A case study of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) was applied into FRESCO and the results showed that FRESCO can only used 268MB memory and mapped reads to all of known miRNAs and 98.6% novel miRNAs candidates.
Quantitative analysis of the tomographic thallium-201 myocardial bullseye display: critical role of correcting for patient motion.

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial 201TI imaging appears to offer major improvements over planar imaging. Quantitative analysis of the 201TI images appears to offer major advantages over subjective analysis in planar imaging, but the three-dimensional data available in SPECT images requires special approaches to analysis and display. Thus the myocardial "bullseye" display was developed to summarize and analyze the three-dimensional images of the left ventricle in two dimensions. The relative 201TI distribution to each region of the left ventricle of an individual patient can be displayed as the number of s.d. s away from normal that the region falls. We found that patient motion during the 22 min required for SPECT imaging appeared to produce artifactual defects. Thus, computer programs were developed to quantitate motion between consecutive frames of a [201TI] SPECT myocardial imaging study, simulate nonreturning vertical motion in normal patients, and correct the acquired data for motion. Motion as small as 0.5-1.0 pixel (3-6 mm) in the vertical (axial) direction caused artifactual defects in the quantitative bullseye display that resulted in a false-positive rate of up to 40% for a +1.0 pixel shift. Patient motion of magnitude greater than the threshold value for artifact-production (0.5 pixel) occurred at a rate of 10%, and should be corrected before tomographic reconstruction.
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis for single gene disorders

Purpose of review Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis for single gene disorders is coming to fruition in its clinical utility. The presence of cell-free DNA in maternal plasma has been recognized for many years, and a number of applications have developed from this. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis for single gene disorders has lagged behind due to complexities of technology development, lack of investment and the need for validation samples for rare disorders. Recent findings Publications are emerging demonstrating a variety of technical approaches and feasibility of clinical application. Techniques for analysis of cell-free DNA including digital PCR, next-generation sequencing and relative haplotype dosage have been used most often for assay development. Analysis of circulating fetal cells in the maternal blood is still being investigated as a viable alternative and more recently transcervical trophoblast cells. Studies exploring ethical and social issues are generally positive but raise concerns around the routinization of prenatal testing. Summary Further work is necessary to make testing available to all patients with a pregnancy at risk of a single gene disorder, and it remains to be seen if the development of more powerful technologies such as isolation and analysis of single cells will shift the emphasis of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. As testing becomes possible for a wider range of conditions, more ethical questions will become relevant.
Association between firm-specific characteristics and levels of disclosure of financial information of rural banks in the Ashanti region of Ghana

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of firm-specific characteristics which include firm size, profitability, debt equity ratio, liquidity and audit firm size on voluntary disclosure level of rural banks in the Ashanti region of Ghana. The research was conducted through detailed analysis of the disclosures of the financial statements of the rural banks for the year 2009. Descriptive analysis was performed to provide the background statistics of the variables examined. This was followed by regression analysis which forms the main data analysis. The results indicate that profitability represented by Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) is positively related to the disclosure level, whilst debt equity ratio, liquidity, firm size and audit firm size were insignificantly related to the disclosure level.
Resonance Raman spectroscopy: A new technology for tissue oxygenation monitoring*

Objective:To evaluate resonance Raman spectroscopy for the detection of changes in sublingual mucosal hemoglobin oxygen saturation (Smo2) in response to hemorrhage and resuscitation, and to compare Smo2 with other indicators of tissue oxygenation including central venous oxygen saturation (Scvo2), lactate, base excess, and shed blood volume. Design:Prospective single group pilot study. Setting:University laboratory. Subjects:Five Sprague-Dawley rats. Interventions:Animals were anesthetized and instrumented for measurement of arterial and central venous blood gases. Raman spectroscopy was performed using a krypton ion laser providing excitation at 406.7 nm (5 mW). A 1-mm2 region of the sublingual tongue surface was chosen for investigation. Animals were subjected to stepwise hemorrhage until approximately 50% of the blood volume was removed. At each hemorrhage and resuscitation interval, Raman spectroscopy was performed and corresponding arterial and central venous blood gas and lactate measurements were made. Smo2 was calculated as the ratio of the oxygenated heme spectral peak height to the sum of the oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin spectral peak heights. Raman spectroscopy-derived Smo2 measurements were compared with Scvo2 as well as with other indicators of oxygenation. Measurements and Main Results:The mean difference between Smo2 and Scvo2 for all paired measurements was 5.8 ± 11.7 absolute saturation points. Smo2 was significantly (p < .0001) correlated with Scvo2 (r = .80), lactate (r = −.78), base excess (r = .80), and shed blood volume (r = −.75). Smo2 and Scvo2 showed similar levels of precision for predicting elevated lactate and base deficit. Conclusions:These studies demonstrate the ability of Raman spectroscopy to noninvasively track microvascular hemoglobin oxygenation in tissue and favorably correlate with other important indicators of tissue oxygenation such as Scvo2, lactate, base deficit, and shed blood volume. The technique shows promise as a method to noninvasively monitor tissue oxygenation.
The Service Marketing of China Telecom Industry

Telecom Industry has made a great progress since China put reformation into action.Now,Telecom Industry has changed from the industry limiting economy progress to an advanced industry.However,there are hot competitions in Telecom Industry.In this artcle,author firstly analyzes the features of the service of China Telecom Industry.Then,author mainly discusses the Service Marketing of China Telecom Industry.
Psychological experiences and quality of life in patients awaiting coronary artery bypass graft

Background: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery improves quality of life and survival rates. However, prolonged waits for this surgery are inevitable in countries having nationalized healthcare systems. Although no significant decline in the waiting times for this surgery has been demonstrated, recent research in psychological experiences of the patients is lacking Objectives: 1) To describe psychological experiences, anxiety and uncertainty, and quality of life in Omani patients awaiting coronary artery bypass graft. 2) To examine the significance of sociodemographics, health characteristics and the waiting time in predicting anxiety and uncertainty. 3) To examine the independent effect of anxiety and uncertainty in predicting quality of life of the patients. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. To obtain the required information, two nurses interviewed a convenience sample of hospitalized patients for coronary artery bypass graft (N = 84) between May 2011 and June 2012. Three regression analyses were used to identify significant predictors of anxiety, uncertainty and quality of life. Results: Literate patients and those with infrequent hospital admissions were more likely to experience high levels of anxiety, whereas, patients without myocardial infarction but having hypertension, and those who waited for the surgery 60 days or less were more likely to report greater uncertainty. Exercising regularly, low family monthly income and short duration since diagnosis with coronary artery disease significantly predicted better quality of life Conclusion: Physiological disruptions and concomitant chronic illnesses have significant effects on the psychological experiences and quality of life of the patients.
THE SPACE OF ARCHITECTURE AND A NEW CONSERVATION AGENDA

The paper discusses conservation theories and practices, taken as its central argument the disjunction between architectural and conservation theories with regards to the concept of space. It argues that space is a central concept of modern architecture and should be observed as an object of interest for conservation and restoration. Morphological properties of space and methodological procedures for its representation, description and analysis are presented and recommended to be included to the architectural conservation consolidated practices.
Market orientation and green supply chain management implementation

Green supply chain management (GSCM) involves, among other things, managing the manufacture and distribution of environmentally friendly goods in ways to avoid waste and with minimal impact on the environment. Many firms have incorporated green initiatives into their operations as a strategy to achieve a competitive advantage. While prior research focuses on back-end business performance outcomes on using GSCM, this study seeks to examine front-end GSCM implementation approaches. Specifically looking at how a marketing orientation might impact the successful implementation of GSCM practices. The results of the study show that focusing on market-oriented knowledge about customers and competitors is positively related to financial performance and environmental performance. Firms will benefit by using a marketing orientation to guide the design and development of GSCMs.
General vague rough approximation: an extended method of fuzzy knowledge representation

The classical rough set theory has been extended to fuzzy data environments by many authors, resulting in the development of the fuzzy rough set. Recently, vague set is treated as an extension of fuzzy set, but the existing theories and approaches of fuzzy rough set could not be applied directly to data set represented by vague set. In this article, we attempt to establish a theoretical model for vague data by combing both rough set and vague set. We first introduced the basic notions of vague t-norms and t-conorms. Next, we developed a general vague rough approximation set for generalizing to fuzzy rough set. Then, to overcome the inconvenience of dealing vague data, we also introduced a model for transforming a vague set into a fuzzy set to take the place of an interval vague set. Moreover, we also give some perspectives for future research.
Free-Standing Magnetic Nanopillars for 3D Nanomagnet Logic

Nanomagnet logic (NML) is a relatively new computation technology that uses arrays of shape-controlled nanomagnets to enable digital processing. Currently, conventional resist-based lithographic processes limit the design of NML circuitry to planar nanostructures with homogeneous thicknesses. Here, we demonstrate the focused electron beam induced deposition of Fe-based nanomaterial for magnetic in-plane nanowires and out-of-plane nanopillars. Three-dimensional (3D) NML was achieved based on the magnetic coupling between nanowires and nanopillars in a 3D array. Additionally, the same Fe-based nanomaterial was used to produce tilt-corrected high-aspect-ratio probes for the accurate magnetic force microscopy (MFM) analysis of the fabricated 3D NML gate arrays. The interpretation of the MFM measurements was supported by magnetic simulations using the Object Oriented MicroMagnetic Framework. Introducing vertical out-of-plane nanopillars not only increases the packing density of 3D NML but also introduces an extra magnetic degree of freedom, offering a new approach to input/output and processing functionalities in nanomagnetic computing.
Needle visibility for deep punctures with curved arrays

Sonography is the standard technique for monitoring local punctures with needles. Using convex arrays for deeper puncture targets, an increasingly poorer needle visibility is expected. However, it is observed that the needle reappears for large incidence angles of the ultrasound wave to the needle. It is investigated, whether this effect is caused by resonant scattering of the needle. Measurements and simulations demonstrate that resonant scattering occurs for angles of incidence larger than the Rayleigh-angle caused by the excitation of helical guided waves propagating circumferentially and axially. This effect could be exploited to improve needle visibility by adaptive beamforming.
Education and permanent childlessness: Austria vs. Sweden; a research note

In this research note we extend our previous study of the association between educational attainment and permanent childlessness in Sweden (Hoem et al., 2006) to cover Austria, and we make comparisons between the two countries. In both investigations we have defined educational attainment in terms of both educational level and educational field. We find largely the same pattern of childlessness by educational field in both countries; in particular at each educational level women educated for teaching jobs or for health occupations typically have lower childlessness than other lines of education. However, for most groups childlessness is higher in Austria, and for academic educations it is much higher. We attribute these differences to institutional differences in the two countries which may bring about a different culture of reproductive behavior.
Comprehensive analysis of thermal mechanical stress induced by Cu TSV and its impact on device performance

3D integration using TSVs is a promising method to achieve further improvements for future electronic systems. When Copper TSVs are fabricated, Stress is induced in silicon near the TSV by CTE mismatch between filling copper and silicon substrate. For the substrate which has active circuits, the induced stress will influence the performance of the devices fabricated therein. To understand the impact of TSV induced stress on device performance deeply, this paper gives a comprehensive study. Orthotropic feature of silicon is considered to calculate the stress profile in silicon in vicinity of the Cu TSV. The saturation drain current variation of MOSFETs is calculated from the simulated stress data using the theory of piezoelectric effect. The results can well match the reported measuring data and show that it is an effective method to deeply understand the TSV induced stress and its impact on device performance.
SHOW ME THE MONEY: COMPARING THE BUSINESS VALUE OF TRADITIONAL AND ELECTRONIC B2B PROCUREMENT SYSTEMS

With organizational investments in B2B e-commerce expected to soar, it is important for senior managers to develop a better understanding of the business value of such investments. We propose a model of B2B e-procurement technologies impacts, emphasizing their ability to enhance search, evaluation and selection when product prices are negotiated in advance and only product availability varies. We use business travel procurement data for a single corporation to compare thousands of electronic transactions conducted using an Internet-based reservation system and traditional transactions performed using the corporation’s travel agency during 1999. Our models consider technology and transaction characteristics and choices buyers make in selecting transactions best fitted to their preferences. We use econometric methods that exploit the information structure of the system implementation environment, and yield estimates robust to potential defects in the data. We find that buyers select significantly lower prices in electronic transactions only for specific non-brand preferences, indicating that the benefits from B2B eprocurement technologies are unexpectedly contingent on many situational factors that define the limits to value of such technologies. These results also enrich the current understanding of e-commerce technology impacts, suggesting that limits to value will likely constrain the extent of price competition in electronic environments.