Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Segmentation from Sparse & Noisy Data : An Unsupervised Joint Inference Approach with Markov Logic Networks

Citation Segmentation in a Digital Humanities Context. Bibliographies are an important resource for scientific research. Their storage in (online) bibliographic databases offers efficient search functionalities for wide-spread and timely use in international research communities. For this purpose it is crucial to automatically detect the inherent structure of bibliographic references, by isolating and extracting citation subfields (e.g., author, title, venue). Previous approaches in citation segmentation strongly rely on language-specific lexical data and multiple occurrences of the same citation entry in online publication repositories. However, when dealing with multilingual data, the use of language-specific knowledge becomes difficult. Moreover, self-contained data sources like printed bibliographies are naturally short of recurring citation entries, and thus cannot rely on data redundancy. In this work, we present an approach to citation segmentation that operates on sparse and noisy OCR input originating from a single, multilingual bibliography, the Turkology Annual (Turkologischer Anzeiger). 1 The Turkology Annual is a bibliography for Turkology and Ottoman studies, comprising 28 volumes which are only available in print. Citation entries containing multiple languages and scripts, the shortage of citation redundancy, frequent OCR errors and inconsistencies in citation structure impede the use of state-of-the-art statistical approaches for citation segmentation.
Staffing in maternity units. Getting the right people in the right place at the right time

Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.
Oral Administration of Geranylgeranylacetone Blunts the Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Ischemia and Reperfusion in the Rat Heart

It has been shown that geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) protects heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury via enhanced heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) expression in rats. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of GGA on ischemia/reperfusion-induced endothelial dysfunction. Rats were given oral GGA (GGA group) or vehicle (CON group), and 24 hours later their hearts were removed and placed in the Langendorff apparatus for 30-minute low-flow ischemia followed by 30-minute reperfusion. GGA improved the postischemic functional recovery (P < 0.01), which was abolished by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, NO synthase inhibitor). NO production during both ischemia and reperfusion were increased in the GGA group, and the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced (endothelium-dependent) vasodilation, measured as the percentage decrease in coronary perfusion pressure after ischemia/reperfusion (14.9 ± 1.3%), was preserved as compared with that in the CON group (7.9 ± 1.4%). LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase inhibitor, abolished the protective effects of GGA on endothelial-dependent coronary vasodilation and NO production, whereas Y27632 (Rho kinase inhibitor) increased endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation and NO production in CON group toward the level seen in GGA group. The amount of adrenomedullin in the coronary effluent at basal condition was lower in the GGA group than in the CON group (P < 0.05), and during both ischemia and reperfusion there was no difference in the amount of adrenomedullin between the GGA and CON groups. In addition, no difference was observed in the amount of endothelin-1 between the GGA and CON groups. These results indicate that GGA attenuates the ischemia/reperfusion-induced coronary endothelial dysfunction, which may contribute to its cardioprotective effect. The PI3 kinase and/or Rho kinase pathways appear to be involved in this process, whereas adrenomedullin and endothelin-1 are not necessary for the GGA-induced cardioprotection.
A Moderated Mediation Model of the Relationship between Perceived Leader Support and Creativity

Given numerous calls for further investigation on understanding the theoretical mechanisms between perceived leader support (PLS) and creativity, this study divided creativity into two phases- idea generation and idea development, and focused on how team member’s knowledge activity mediated the relationship between PLS and the two phases. It also looked at how team member’s motivation orientation might moderate the mediated relationships. 236 individual data gathered from two Undergraduate Entrepreneurship Competitions were used to test this moderated mediation model. Results show that knowledge acquisition and knowledge sharing mediate PLS-idea generation, PLS-idea development relationships separately. In addition, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation synergistically moderated the indirect PLS-idea generation relationship via knowledge acquisition, while only intrinsic motivation moderates the indirect PLS-idea development relationship.
OPTIMAL SPATIAL REUSE IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

Carrier-Sense (CS) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols such as IEEE 802.11 MAC, called Distributed Coordination Function (DCF), avoid collisions by holding up pending transmissions when the carrier signal is observed above a certain threshold. However, this often results in unnecessarily conservative communication, thus making it difficult to maximally reuse the spatial spectral resource in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). This dissertation shows that more communications can be simultaneously successful when the communication distance or the spatial reservation is adjustable. Two corresponding solutions are proposed: Multiple Access with Salvation Army (MASA) and Collision-Aware DCF (CAD). MASA adopts less sensitive carrier sensing, equivalently a higher threshold, to promote more concurrent communications. While this potentially increases the collision probability, MASA effectively addresses this problem by adjusting the communication distance adaptively via “packet salvaging” at the MAC layer. In comparison to MASA, CAD’s approach is proactive in the sense that it tries to efficiently utilize the available spatial resource through “collision prediction”. In other words, MASA and CAD are not incompatible with each other and can be integrated into a single MAC protocol when more optimized performance is desired. Extensive simulation based on ns-2 has shown that they substantially outperform the DCF.
Celiac Arterioenteric Fistula after Open Repair of Celiac Artery Aneurysm - Case Report

In a patient with a known history of aortic surgery, presence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding requires a high index suspicion for the possibility of aorto-enteric fistula. Aorto-enteric fistula is an uncommon but known complication occurring after abdominal aortic reconstruction. However, there are few reported cases of enteric fistulas arising after splanchnic artery aneurysm repair.
Large Vertical Displacement Electrostatic Zipper Microstage Actuators

An out-of-plane electrostatic microactuator delivering exceptionally high vertical displacements is described. The devices, based on an electrostatic zipper actuator design, employ composite Si/SiO2 beams with engineered stress gradients that result in large and controllable beam curvatures. The microactuators are fabricated in a silicon-on-insulator/deep reactive-ion etching process, with an additional oxidized silicon wafer serving as a bonded ground electrode. Simple cantilever Si/SiO2 zipper actuators are investigated and extended to a meander configuration with regions of variable curvature able to produce large tip deflections in a small on-chip footprint. An analytic model is presented and used to optimize deflection of the meander-shaped zipper actuators, followed by the implementation of a full microstage actuator employing parallel meanders connected to a moving silicon stage. Using this configuration, purely vertical actuation is realized. The static deflections of various actuator designs are characterized and shown to be in a good agreement with analytical predictions. Fabricated microstage actuators achieving deflections up to 60% of their in-plane dimensions are described, and reliable actuation over nearly 106 Hz is demonstrated.
Effects of Endothelin-1 in Isolated Perfused Rat Heart

Summary: We examined the effects of the vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 in the isolated heart and defined interactions of endothelin-1 with other hormone systems. Isolated isovolumic rat hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer at constant pressure. First, the effect of a single bolus of endothelin-1 (4–400 pmol) was followed for 90 min. The effect of high dosages (40 and 400 pmol) of endothelin-1 on coronary flow was biphasic, with an early vasodilator and a late vasoconstrictor component that was irreversible. Second, cumulative dose–response curves were obtained for endothelin-1 boluses of 0.04–400 pmol. Coronary flow declined with increasing dosages and was almost abolished at 400 pmol. Neither α-nor β-blocking agents (phentolamine and propranolol) nor the Ca2+-channel blocker nifedipine altered the effects of endothelin-1, but prostaglandin synthesis inhibition by indomethacin significantly augmented vasoconstriction by endothelin-1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition by captopril antagonized endothelin-1-dependent vasoconstriction to a small extent at 400 pmol. Coronary constriction due to endothelin-1 could not be reversed by nitroglycerin. We conclude that in isolated rat heart endothelin-1 causes marked and long-lasting coronary constriction. The effect is not influenced by sympathetic and Ca2+-channel blockade, is enhanced by prostaglandin synthesis inhibition, and is reduced by ACE inhibition.
Distributed event-triggered control for coupled nonholonomic mobile robots

In this paper, a coordinated tracking problem for coupled nonholonomic mobile robots is considered. An event-triggered control strategy is proposed to guarantee that the robots can form a prespecified geometric pattern while the centroid of the geometric pattern can track a reference signal. The stability of the system is proved with the aid of Lyapunov techniques. Finally, a simulation example is presented to verify the theoretical results.
Saccades phase-locked to alpha oscillations in the occipital and medial temporal lobe enhance memory encoding

Efficient sampling of visual information requires a coordination of eye movements and ongoing brain oscillations. Using intracranial and MEG recordings, we show that saccades are locked to the phase of visual alpha oscillations, and that this coordination supports mnemonic encoding of visual scenes. Furthermore, parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortex involvement in this coordination reflects effective vision-to-memory mapping, highlighting the importance of neural oscillations for the interaction between visual and memory domains.
Prediction of the Effect of Metformin Treatment in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The objective of the study was to find predictors of a successful therapy with metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome. 24 women with polycystic ovary syndrome were examined (oral glucose tolerance test and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue test) before and after a 6-month course of metformin (1 g/day). In 58% of the women, a significant improvement in the menstrual cycle pattern was observed. After a treatment course, a significant reduction in gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue stimulated levels of testosterone (p < 0.05), free testosterone index (p < 0.01), luteinizing hormone (p < 0.05), and estradiol (p < 0.01) was found. The best prediction of the improvement in menstrual cyclicity after metformin was achieved with a combination of basal values of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and androstenedione. These variables correctly classified 86.7% of the responders. The best predictor of changes in the index of free testosterone after metformin treatment was the combination of estradiol and androstenedione in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue test, with basal testosterone correctly classifying 91.7% of the subjects.
The inner jet of radio galaxy NGC 315 as observed with Chandra and the VLA

ABSTRACT We present Chandra X-ray results for the jet, nucleus, and gaseous atmosphere ofNGC315, a nearby radio galaxy whose jet kinematics are known through deep radio map-ping. Diffuse X-ray synchrotron emission is detected from the jet out to 30 arcsec from thenucleus, through regions both of fast bulk ﬂow and decelerat ion. The X-ray to radio ﬂux ra-tio drops considerably where the ﬂow decelerates, but the X-ray and radio emissions showsimilar transverse extents throughout, requiring distributed particle acceleration to maintainthe supply of X-ray-emitting electrons. A remarkable knotty ﬁlament within the jet is seen inboth the radio and X-ray, contributing roughly 10 per cent ofthe diffuse emission along itsextent at both wavelengths. No completely satisfactory explanation for the ﬁlament is found,though its oscillatory appearance, roughly aligned magnetic ﬁeld, and requirements for par-ticle acceleration, suggest that it is a magnetic strand within a shear layer between fast innerand slower outer ﬂow. Keywords: galaxies:active– galaxies:individual:NGC315– galaxies :jets –radiationmech-anisms: non-thermal – radio continuum: general – X-rays: galaxies
PATSY - it's all about pronunciation!

PATSY is an abbreviation for its German name “Piloten/ATC Trainingssystem f¨ur den Sprechfunk” which translates to pilot/air trafﬁc control (ATC) training system for radio communication. The phraseology training system is intended to be a stand-alone, platform-independent, multi-user e-Learning framework for learning and practicing the ATC radio communication wordings and at the same time improving intelligibility of the speaker by pronunciation scoring. A serious gaming approach is aimed at, which allows the user to practice his or her communication skills in almost real-life scenarios. At the Show and Tell session at Interspeech 2015, we would like to present a subsystem of PATSY in which we only concentrate on pronunciation scoring. The speaker is prompted to record a sequence of words of the NATO phonetic alphabet and he is given back a visually enhanced feedback regarding his pronunciation score. Further aspects of PATSY are the veriﬁcation of correct syntax and the assessment of the speaker’s “comfort level” which states how familiar the speaker is with the topic in question.
Underwater Sensor Network Applications: A Comprehensive Survey

There is no escaping fact that a huge amount of unexploited resources lies underwater which covers almost 70% of the Earth. Yet, the aquatic world has mainly been unaffected by the recent advances in the area of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and their pervasive penetration in modern day research and industrial development. The current pace of research in the area of underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) is slow due to the difficulties arising in transferring the state-of-the-art WSNs to their underwater equivalent. Maximum underwater deployments rely on acoustics for enabling communication combined with special sensors having the capacity to take on harsh environment of the oceans. However, sensing and subsequent transmission tend to vary as per different subsea environments; for example, deep sea exploration requires altogether a different approach for communication as compared to shallow water communication. This paper particularly focuses on comprehensively gathering most recent developments in UWSN applications and their deployments. We have classified the underwater applications into five main classes, namely, monitoring, disaster, military, navigation, and sports, to cover the large spectrum of UWSN. The applications are further divided into relevant subclasses. We have also shown the challenges and opportunities faced by recent deployments of UWSN.
Polarization independent bulk active region semiconductor optical amplifiers for 1.3 μm wavelengths

Semiconductor optical amplifiers for 1.3 /spl mu/m are realized combining single-step grown bulk InGaAsP active region with ridge-waveguides. Achieved fiber-to-fiber gains are in excess of 27 dB with spectral ripples below 0.2 dB. Gain is polarization insensitive to within 1 dB over the entire range of driving current, 1.28 /spl mu/m to 1.34 /spl mu/m wavelength and 10/spl deg/C to 50/spl deg/C heat sink temperature. Intrinsic noise figure is 6.3 dB. Gain saturates at +10 dBm.
Climate Response to Rapid Urban Growth: Evidence of a Human-Induced Precipitation Deficit

Abstract The authors establish the effect of urbanization on precipitation in the Pearl River Delta of China with data from an annual land use map (1988–96) derived from Landsat images and monthly climate data from 16 local meteorological stations. A statistical analysis of the relationship between climate and urban land use in concentric buffers around the stations indicates that there is a causal relationship from temporal and spatial patterns of urbanization to temporal and spatial patterns of precipitation during the dry season. Results suggest an urban precipitation deficit in which urbanization reduces local precipitation. This reduction may be caused by changes in surface hydrology that extend beyond the urban heat island effect and energy-related aerosol emissions.
Origami lattices with free-form surface ornaments

We introduce folding strategies to fabricate lattice structures with arbitrarily complex surface (nano-) ornaments. Lattice structures are used in the design of metamaterials to achieve unusual physical, mechanical, or biological properties. The properties of such metamaterials result from the topology of the lattice structures, which are usually three-dimensionally (3D) printed. To incorporate advanced functionalities into metamaterials, the surface of the lattice structures may need to be ornamented with functionality-inducing features, such as nanopatterns or electronic devices. Given our limited access to the internal surfaces of lattice structures, free-form ornamentation is currently impossible. We present lattice structures that are folded from initially flat states and show that they could bear arbitrarily complex surface ornaments at different scales. We identify three categories of space-filling polyhedra as the basic unit cells of the cellular structures and, for each of those, propose a folding pattern. We also demonstrate “sequential self-folding” of flat constructs to 3D lattices. Furthermore, we folded auxetic mechanical metamaterials from flat sheets and measured the deformation-driven change in their negative Poisson’s ratio. Finally, we show how free-form 3D ornaments could be applied on the surface of flat sheets with nanometer resolution. Together, these folding patterns and experimental techniques present a unique platform for the fabrication of metamaterials with unprecedented combination of physical properties and surface-driven functionalities.
Bromodomain containing 2 (Brd2) is expressed in distinct patterns during ovarian folliculogenesis independent of FSH or GDF9 action

We previously observed high levels of Brd2 (also known as female sterile homeotic related gene‐1, Fsrg1) expression in several hormonally responsive tissues, including the ovary. Here, we report distinct localization patterns of Brd2 transcripts throughout ovarian folliculogenesis in normal mice as well as in two strains of mice with aberrant folliculogenesis: mice with mutated growth differentiation factor 9 (Gdf9) and follicle stimulating hormone β (Fshb) genes. The highest level of expression was seen in granulosa cells of growing follicles. Within the oocyte, three patterns of Brd2 RNA localization were observed: diffuse distribution in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, then intense nuclear expression, followed by an absence of Brd2 transcripts from the nucleus. The transition from intense nuclear localization to nuclear exclusion was found to correlate with oocyte maturation and meiotic competence, as determined by nuclear chromatin patterns. These same expression patterns were also seen in oocytes from Gdf9−/− and Fshb−/− mice. Thus, Brd2 expression appears to correlate with stages of oocyte maturation, independent of FSH or GDF9 action and the subsequent disruption in normal follicle development in these models. The distinct patterns of Brd2 localization within the adult ovary supports a role for Brd2 in mitotic and possibly meiotic cell cycle regulation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 68: 261–268, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A small-area parallel-pipeline architecture for MTO-convolutional encoders

In this paper, we propose a new parallel-pipeline approach to design small-area low complexity convolutional encoders, suitable for high data throughput communication applications. This approach can apply both to the OTM (One To Many) and the MTO (Many To One) encoder schemes. Here, we will discuss the problem of designing a low cost parallel-pipeline encoder for the MTO case. The new architecture has been implemented on FPGA devices of the Altera Stratix II family, for complexity and performance evaluation on several convolutional codes. The experimental results clearly show that the new architecture outperforms the former ones, including those we proposed in [1] for OTM and MTO. Indeed, similar bit rates have been achieved with noticeable area consumption reduction (up to 6.96 Gbits/s achieved with a 50% smaller circuit in the case of 32-bit parallel implementations).
Cancer Therapy : Preclinical See commentary by Crystal and Shaw , p . 4479 Differential Protein Stability and ALK Inhibitor Sensitivity of EML 4-ALK Fusion Variants

Purpose: ALK rearrangement–positive lung cancers can be effectively treated with ALK inhibitors. However, the magnitude and duration of response is heterogeneous. In addition, acquired resistance limits the efficacy of ALK inhibitors, with most upfront resistance mechanisms being unknown. Experimental Design: By making use of the Ba/F3 cell line model, we analyzed the cytotoxic efficacy of ALK kinase inhibitors as a function of different EML4-ALK fusion variants v1, v2, v3a, and v3b as well as of three artificially designed EML4-ALK deletion constructs and the ALK fusion genes KIF5b-ALK and NPM1ALK. In addition, the intracellular localization, the sensitivity to HSP90 inhibition and the protein stability of ALK fusion proteins were studied. Results: Different ALK fusion genes and EML4-ALK variants exhibited differential sensitivity to the structurally diverse ALK kinase inhibitors crizotinib and TAE684. In addition, differential sensitivity correlated with differences in protein stability in EML4-ALK–expressing cells. Furthermore, the sensitivity to HSP90 inhibition also varied depending on the ALK fusion partner but differed from ALK inhibitor sensitivity patterns. Finally, combining inhibitors of ALK and HSP90 resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity. Conclusions:Our results might explain some of the heterogeneous responses of ALK-positive tumors to ALK kinase inhibition observed in the clinic. Thus, targeted therapy of ALK-positive lung cancer should take into account the precise ALK genotype. Furthermore, combining ALK and HSP90 inhibitors might enhance tumor shrinkage in EML4-ALK–driven tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 18(17); 4682–90. 2012 AACR.
A new diketopiperazine derivative from a deep sea-derived Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 04496

A new diketopiperazine (DKP) derivative, (6R,3Z)-3-benzylidene-6-isobutyl-1-methyl piperazine-2,5-dione (1), as well as five known DKPs 2–6 was isolated from a deep sea-derived Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 04496. The structure of 1 was elucidated using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS and chiral-phase HPLC techniques. Compounds 1–6 did not show cytotoxic activity at a concentration of 100 μM in bioactivity assay.