Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed fault-tolerant control for a large-scale power generator network

This paper studies a distributed fault-tolerant control (DFTC) problem for a multi-agent system modeling a large-scale power generator network. The objective is to enable all the agents to achieve the control goal of asymptotic stability without losing the system tracking performance while coordinately identifying the unknown input including nonlinear interconnections and coupling fault functions. A model-based distributed state estimator (DSE) is firstly designed to obtain the residual and a proportional-integral-like nonlinear distributed identifier (DI) is then developed to identify the unknown input. By exploiting the redundancies from the estimated information, a novel continuous DFTC scheme is designed to enable all the agents to achieve the control goal. A power system example and numerical simulation are provided to illustrate the effectiveness.
GLUG : GPU Layout of Undirected Graphs

We present a fast parallel algorithm for layout of undirected graphs, using commodity graphics processing unit (GPU) hardware. The GLUG algorithm creates a force-based layout minimizing the Kamada Kawai energy of the graph embedding. Two parameters control the graph layout: the number of landmarks used in the force simulation determines the influence of the global structure, while the number of near neighbors affects local structure. We provide examples and guidelines for their use in controlling the visualization. Our layouts are of comparable or better quality to existing fast, large-graph algorithms. GLUG is an order of magnitude faster than the previous CPU-based FM algorithm. It is considerably faster than the only previous GPU-based approach to force-directed placement, a multi-stage algorithm that uses a mix of CPU partioning and GPU force simulation at each step. While GLUG has a preprocessing stage that runs on the CPU, the core algorithm operates entirely on the GPU. ∗e-mail: sfingram@cs.ubc. ca †e-mail:tmm@cs.ubc. ca ‡e-mail:olano@umbc.edu
A Comparison of Missing-Data Procedures for Arima Time-Series Analysis

Missing data are a common practical problem for longitudinal designs. Time-series analysis is a longitudinal method that involves a large number of observations on a single unit. Four different missing-data methods (deletion, mean substitution, mean of adjacent observations, and maximum likelihood estimation) were evaluated. Computer-generated time-series data of length 100 were generated for 50 different conditions representing five levels of autocorrelation, two levels of slope, and five levels of proportion of missing data. Methods were compared with respect to the accuracy of estimation for four parameters (level, error variance, degree of autocorrelation, and slope). The choice of method had a major impact on the analysis. The maximum likelihood very accurately estimated all four parameters under all conditions tested. The mean of the series was the least accurate approach. Statistical methods such as the maximum likelihood procedure represent a superior approach to missing data.
The Effects of the Spacing of Test Trials and Study Trials in Paired‐association Learning

The learning effects due to test and study trials after the initial presentation were examined in a paired‐associate learning paradigm. In Experiment 1 both the spacing and retention intervals were systematically varied. The results showed advantages of spacing for both test and study trials. However, the spacing function of test trials interacted significantly with the retention interval. At a short retention interval, the second recall was a decreasing function of spacing and paralleled closely the initial recall. As the retention interval increased, the spacing‐of‐test function assumed an inverted U‐shape. Performance after repeated studies was on the average better than after test trials. Experiment 2 confirmed that when an initial presentation was followed by two test trials, an increasing spacing interval between each successive test trial produced optimal long‐term performance. In the case where a second study trial was coupled with a test trial, a pattern with equal interval length was better than.
Editorial: Why coordination models and languages in ai?

The pervasive spreading of information technology, along with the continuously growing and almost ubiquitous request for intelligence in systems, is giving new life to AI research. At the same time, this introduces new issues in the AI field, like the engineering of intelligent systems, which calls for manageable abstractions, methodologies, and technologies effectively supporting engineers in the design, development, and deployment of intelligent systems. Interaction seems to be the most relevant feature of today's complex systems, so that new models and technologies are emerging that focus on engineering as an independent dimension in the modelling and engineering of hardware and software systems. In particular, research on coordination models and languages has provided computer scientists and engineers with abstractions and tools to model and shape the space of component interaction in multicomponent systems. In this article, the impact of coordination models and languages on the process of engineering intelligent systems is discussed, particularly when they are built and organized as multiagent systems. This topic is first speculated on in general, then some specific coordination issues in the context of intelligent systems are introduced, which are subsequently developed and discussed in the four articles constituting the remainder of this special issue.
The role of magnetic fields for planetary formation

Abstract The role of magnetic fields for the formation of planets is reviewed. Protoplanetary disc turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability has a huge influence on the early stages of planet formation. Small dust grains are transported both vertically and radially in the disc by turbulent diffusion, counteracting sedimentation to the mid-plane and transporting crystalline material from the hot inner disc to the outer parts. The conclusion from recent efforts to measure the turbulent diffusion coefficient of magnetorotational turbulence is that turbulent diffusion of small particles is much stronger than naively thought. Larger particles – pebbles, rocks and boulders – get trapped in long-lived high pressure regions that arise spontaneously at large scales in the turbulent flow. These gas high pressures, in geostrophic balance with a sub-Keplerian/super-Keplerian zonal flow envelope, are excited by radial fluctuations in the Maxwell stress. The coherence time of the Maxwell stress is only a few orbits, where as the correlation time of the pressure bumps is comparable to the turbulent mixing time-scale, many tens or orbits on scales much greater than one scale height. The particle overdensities contract under the combined gravity of all the particles and condense into gravitationally bound clusters of rocks and boulders. These planetesimals have masses comparable to the dwarf planet Ceres. I conclude with thoughts on future priorities in the field of planet formation in turbulent discs.
T-GLOTTALIZATION IN AMERICAN ENGLISH

In word-final prevocalic position (e.g., right ankle), there are various possible phonetic realizations of /t/ in American English: [t], [r], [p]. The present study focuses on the linguistic and social factors associated with the use of the glottal stop. Data were gathered by having participants repeat sentences they were presented auditorily (e.g., She twisted her right ankle). The particular pronunciation of /t/ in the presented sentences was masked with a tone. Logistic regression analysis identified three significant factors: (1) glottal stops were favored by following front vowels; ( 2 ) younger female speakers were most likely to use glottal stops, which may indicate a change in progress; and ( 3 ) speakers from the Western United States glottalized more than speakers from other parts of the country.
Learning from Las Vegas: Unions and post-industrial urbanisation

Las Vegas is often portrayed as the apogee of postmodern urbanism, but we argue that you cannot understand Las Vegas without understanding the role of unions in the City’s political economy. By focusing on the social relations surrounding workplace, class, and gender we highlight alternative versions of Las Vegas’ history. The Culinary Union, a UNITE HERE local, has introduced new institutional forms and played an active role in the local growth coalition. They have set standards around work intensity, training, and job ladders. Highlighting the ability of the union to affect these issues contributes to a counter-narrative about the City which stresses the agency of labour to actively produce Las Vegas’ cultural and economic landscapes. The postmodern narrative about Las Vegas hides these important lessons. Learning from Las Vegas can transform issues of signs and symbolism to issues of union organising and institutional structures in the post-industrial economy.
Holding and creating: A grounded theory of art therapy with 0–5-year-olds

Abstract This research utilised grounded theory methodology to explore the current clinical experiences of art therapists who work with young children, formulating an art therapy frame that currently does not exist. Following a series of focus groups with art therapists who have worked extensively with 0–5-year-olds, additional written and creative responses were collected and further clarified the emergent theoretical frame. This theoretical frame posits art therapy as a modality that offers both creativity and structure, a dialectic integration that responds to identified issues at the early stages of life while combating pressures to over-standardise treatment.
Persistence at an Urban Community College: The Implications of Self-Efficacy and Motivation

This study examined how self-efficacy and motivation affected student persistence at an urban community college. Self-efficacy was studied at two dimensions: self-regulated learning efficacy and self-efficacy for academic achievement. Motivation was also investigated at two levels: intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Results show that self-regulated learning efficacy and extrinsic motivation predicted persistence. Intrinsic motivation and academic achievement self-efficacy failed to predict persistence directly. Two path models were constructed to assess the direct and indirect relationships among self-efficacy, motivation, and persistence. The reduced model explained 8% of the variance in persistence. In the reduced model, extrinsic motivation emerged as a mediator in the relationship between the two dimensions of self-efficacy and persistence. It was also found that self-efficacy measures correlated well with motivation measures. Implications and limitations of the research findings are discussed.
Combining a Statistical Language Model with Logistic Regression to Predict the Lexical and Syntactic Difficulty of Texts for FFL

Reading is known to be an essential task in language learning, but finding the appropriate text for every learner is far from easy. In this context, automatic procedures can support the teacher's work. Some tools exist for English, but at present there are none for French as a foreign language (FFL). In this paper, we present an original approach to assessing the readability of FFL texts using NLP techniques and extracts from FFL textbooks as our corpus. Two logistic regression models based on lexical and grammatical features are explored and give quite good predictions on new texts. The results shows a slight superiority for multinomial logistic regression over the proportional odds model.
Statistical analysis of $nancial networks

Massive datasets arise in a broad spectrum of scienti$c, engineering and commercial applications. In many practically important cases, a massive dataset can be represented as a very large graph with certain attributes associated with its vertices and edges. Studying the structure of this graph is essential for understanding the structural properties of the application it represents. Well-known examples of applying this approach are the Internet graph, the Web graph, and the Call graph. It turns out that the degree distributions of all these graphs can be described by the power-law model. Here we consider another important application—a network representation of the stock market. Stock markets generate huge amounts of data, which can be used for constructing the market graph re9ecting the market behavior. We conduct the statistical analysis of this graph and show that it also follows the power-law model. Moreover, we detect cliques and independent sets in this graph. These special formations have a clear practical interpretation, and theiranalysis allows one to apply a new data mining technique of classifying $nancial instr uments based on stock prices data, which provides a deeper insight into the internal structure of the stock market. c 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Chinese Automatic Text Summarization system for mobile devices

A large amount of on-line information and lengthiness information can’t fit for the mobile devices. In order to save this problem, we propose a method which collects original news text from on-line information and extracts summary sentences from them automatically. On this basis, we adopt WML(Wireless Markup Language) to build a news website for mobile devices browsing through the news summary. The system is mainly made up by Automatic News Collection and Auto Text Summarization. Our experimental results proved the effectiveness of the means. Keyword: World Wide Web; Automatic Text Summarization; Automatic News Collection
Mobile texting: can post-ASR correction solve the issues? an experimental study on gain vs. costs

The next big step in embedded, mobile speech recognition will be to allow completely free input as it is needed for messaging like SMS or email. However, unconstrained dictation remains error-prone, especially when the environment is noisy. In this paper, we compare different methods for improving a given free-text dictation system used to enter textbased messages in embedded mobile scenarios, where distraction, interaction cost, and hardware limitations enforce strict constraints over traditional scenarios. We present a corpus-based evaluation, measuring the trade-off between improvement of the word error rate versus the interaction steps that are required under various parameters. Results show that by post-processing the output of a "black box" speech recognizer (e.g. a web-based speech recognition service), a reduction of word error rate by 55% (10.3% abs.) can be obtained. For further error reduction, however, a richer representation of the original hypotheses (e.g. lattice) is necessary.
Modulation of subthalamic alpha activity to emotional stimuli correlates with depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease 1

Background: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. However, affective side effects following subthalamic deep brain stimulation have been reported. Here, we aim to elucidate the influence of affective state on emotional processing as indexed by local field potential activity and to identify neurophysiological markers in patients at risk of developing depressive symptoms during subthalamic deep brain stimulation.
The prevalence of chronic pain with an analysis of countries with a Human Development Index less than 0.9: a systematic review without meta-analysis

Abstract Background: To date, there are no systematic reviews of epidemiological studies of chronic pain in the developing world. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of chronic pain worldwide paying particular attention to data from countries with a Human Development Index (HDI) of less than 0.9. Methods: A literature search was conducted for cross-sectional surveys of chronic pain (≥3 months) in the adult general population using Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SportDiscus, Sciencedirect, CAS ILLUMINA, Academic search complete, PsycINFO and AMED. Forty-eight studies were identified and 29 of these were excluded because they surveyed children, the elderly or were longitudinal studies. Results: Weighted mean ± SD prevalence of chronic pain worldwide was 30.3% ± 11.7% (19 studies, 65 surveys, 34 countries, 182,019 respondents). There was no correlation between HDI and prevalence. In countries with a HDI < 0.9 prevalence was 33.9% ± 14.5% and significantly higher than prevalence in countries with a HDI of ≥0.9 (29.9% ± 12.7%), although removal of a large study that may have included a sample of individuals with comorbidities reduced the worldwide estimate to 28.0% ± 11.8% (47 surveys, 33 countries, 139,770 participants). Interestingly, the estimate of countries with a HDI < 0.9 to 24.8% ± 8.9% (7 surveys, 7 countries, 6122 participants) became significantly lower than the estimate of countries with a HDI ≥ 0.9 which was 28.1% ± 11.6% (40 surveys, 21 countries, 133,648 participants). Conclusion: The review provides further evidence that the prevalence of chronic pain in the general population is high. However, there was insufficient reliable data to estimate with any certainty the prevalence of chronic pain in countries with an HDI < 0.9 with variability in estimates between surveys being of concern. Subtle differences in review and survey methodology appeared to impact markedly on estimates. There is a need for epidemiological studies that estimate the prevalence of chronic pain in developing countries to determine the scale of the problem.
Standards-based performance assessment for the evaluation of student teachers: a consequential validity study

The instrument Samples of Teaching Performance (STP) was developed to assess student teachers' capacity to plan, deliver and evaluate a unit of instruction. The current study reports consequential validity data collected from supervisors (n = 20) and student teachers (n = 62) from three elementary and five secondary teacher preparation programs in Chile that participated in the field-testing of the STP. Student teachers described how this assessment had honed their sense of professionalism and promoted learning of the skills assessed. Supervisors reported enlarging the topics discussed with student teachers and making some changes to the supervisory process. These findings are complemented by an analysis of the STP scores obtained by 24 student teachers, which showed better development of instructional skills when compared to pedagogical reasoning and reflection. These results raise questions about the structure of student teaching to support the implementation of standards-based assessments that entail tasks at different levels of cognitive complexity.
The Deterministic Sum Capacity of a Multiple Access Channel Interfering with a Point to Point Link

In this paper, we use the linear deterministic approximation model to study a two user multiple access channel mutually interfering with a point to point link, which represents a basic setup of a cellular system. We derive outer bounds on the achievable sum rate and construct coding schemes achieving the outer bounds. For a large parameter range, the sum capacity is identical to the sum capacity of the interference channel obtained by silencing the weaker user in the multiple access channel. For other interference configurations, the sum rate can be increased using interference alignment, which exploits the channel gain difference of the users in the multiple access channel. From these results, lower bounds on the generalized degrees of freedom for the Gaussian counterpart are derived.
Syllable nuclei detection using perceptually significant features

Speech can be segmented into syllables by identifying the syllable nuclei, which are points of high sonority. The excitation peaks in the linear prediction (LP) residual and the formant peaks can be interpreted as perceptually signiﬁcant point features which contribute to the loudness of speech. In this paper, the use of these two point features is described for the use of detecting syllable nuclei. Each of these evidences contain information about different aspects of speech production, namely the glottal vibrations and the time varying vocal tract system. Thus it is possible that they contain complementary information about the syllable nuclei. Performance of the proposed syllable nuclei detection algorithm is evaluated for the TIMIT, Switch-board and the NTIMIT corpus. The proposed method performs comparably against two other state of the art syllable nuclei detection methods, and is shown to perform better for conversational speech. It is very fast and requires no training.
Evaluation of a Psychological Skills Training Workshop for Male Intercollegiate Lacrosse Players

This study evaluated the effects of a four-session psychological skills training (PST) workshop on self-reported knowledge, perceived importance, and use of goal setting, relaxation, imagery, and cognitive restructuring in a sample of male intercollegiate lacrosse players (n=49). In an interrupted time-series design with switching replications, subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Self-report data were collected on three occasions at 2-week intervals. Group 1 received PST during the first 2-week interval and Group 2 received PST during the second 2-week interval. The overall effectiveness of the PST workshop was supported by both between-subjects and within-subjects analyses. This study illustrates that controlled research can viably and ethically be conducted in applied sport settings. Limitations of the current study and directions for future PST outcome research are discussed.
Preschool teachers' skills in teaching music: two steps forward one step back

This study investigates through observations and interviews what importance further education has for preschool teachers’ practice in two music-profiled preschool and their way of conceptualising it. A distinction between music as a method for teaching, on the one hand, and as a content of knowledge, on the other, is used in the analysis. The result shows that the teachers act confidently in dealing with music; both in spontaneous and planned activities, and that they show competence in teaching music to the children. In contradiction, when the teachers are interviewed about their work, they say that they have never been able to sing or play. They talk about music as a method for learning language, but they realise it in practice as the content of learning. This contradiction and its implications are discussed and it is argued that further education needs to take care of the fact that teachers need to develop a professional language.
DynaFlow: a dynamic inter-organisational workflow management system

As the global marketplace becomes more and more competitive, business organisations often need to team up and operate as a virtual enterprise to utilise the best of their resources for achieving their common business goals. As the business environment of a virtual enterprise is highly dynamic, it is necessary to develop a workflow management technology that is capable of handling dynamic workflows across enterprise boundaries. This paper describes a Dynamic Workflow Model (DWM) and a dynamic workflow management system (DynaFlow) for modelling and controlling the execution of inter-organisational business processes. DWM enables the specification of dynamic properties associated with a business process model. It extends the underlying model of the WfMC's WPDL by adding connectors, events, triggers and rules as its modelling constructs. It also encapsulates activity definitions and allows web service (or e-service) requests to be included as a part of the activity specification. Using DWM as the underlying model, DynaFlow makes use of an Event-Trigger-Rule (ETR) server to trigger rules during the enactment of a workflow process to enforce business rules and policies and/or to modify the process model at run-time. A constraint-based, dynamic service binding mechanism is used to dynamically bind web service requests to web services that satisfy the requirements of the requests.