Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
It Takes Two to Tango: Ghana Health Service and Civil Society Organisation Collaboration in Health Service Delivery in the Upper West Region, Ghana

This study examines the state of inter-sector collaboration in health care delivery between the Ghana Health Service (GHS) and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in the Upper West Region. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. A combination of probability and non-probability sampling strategies were used to sample thirty-eight (38) respondents for the study. Data was analysed thematically. The study found that the level of collaboration between the GHS and CSOs particularly the local CSOs is weak. This has been attributed to major constraints such as limited capacities, a fragmented civil society sector and lack of effective monitoring mechanisms. These constraints notwithstanding, the study also found that there have been several benefits of the collaboration process. These include capacity building (training of staff of both the CSOs and GHS), and huge capital and social investments in the public health. It is recommended that the GHS build upon existing relationships with the CSOs, especially the local ones.
Acrylamide exposure measured by food frequency questionnaire and hemoglobin adduct levels and prostate cancer risk in the Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden Study

Acrylamide, a probable human carcinogen, is formed during the cooking of many commonly consumed foods. Data are scant on whether dietary acrylamide represents an important cancer risk in humans. We studied the association between acrylamide and prostate cancer risk using 2 measures of acrylamide exposure: intake from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and acrylamide adducts to hemoglobin. We also studied the correlation between these 2 exposure measures. We used data from the population‐based case‐control study Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS). Dietary data was available for 1,499 cases and 1,118 controls. Hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide were measured in blood samples from a subset of 170 cases and 161 controls. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of prostate cancer in high versus low quantiles of acrylamide exposure using logistic regression. The correlation between FFQ acrylamide intake and acrylamide adducts in non‐smokers was 0.25 (95% confidence interval: 0.14–0.35), adjusted for age, region, energy intake, and laboratory batch. Among controls the correlation was 0.35 (95% CI: 0.21–0.48); among cases it was 0.15 (95% CI: 0.00–0.30). The OR of prostate cancer for the highest versus lowest quartile of acrylamide adducts was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.47–1.85, p‐value for trend = 0.98). For FFQ acrylamide, the OR of prostate cancer for the highest versus lowest quintile was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.75–1.27, p trend = 0.67). No significant associations were found between acrylamide exposure and risk of prostate cancer by stage, grade, or PSA level. Acrylamide adducts to hemoglobin and FFQ‐measured acrylamide intake were moderately correlated. Neither measure of acrylamide exposure—hemoglobin adducts or FFQ—was associated with risk of prostate cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bacitracin is not a specific inhibitor of protein disulfide isomerase

To successfully dissect molecular pathways in vivo, there is often a need to use specific inhibitors. Bacitracin is very widely used as an inhibitor of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in vivo. However, the specificity of action of an inhibitor for a protein‐folding catalyst cannot be determined in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro evidence for the specificity of bacitracin for PDI is scarce, and the mechanism of inhibition is unknown. Here, we present in vitro data showing that 1 mm bacitracin has no significant effect on the ability of PDI to introduce or isomerize disulfide bonds in a folding protein or on its ability to act as a chaperone. Where bacitracin has an effect on PDI activity, the effect is relatively minor and appears to be via competition of substrate binding. Whereas 1 mm bacitracin has minimal effects on PDI, it has significant effects on both noncatalyzed protein folding and on other molecular chaperones. These results suggest that the use of bacitracin as a specific inhibitor of PDI in cellular systems requires urgent re‐evaluation.
“NÃO ACREDITO EM CONSUMO VERDE”. O REFLEXO DO CETICISMO NO COMPORTAMENTO DE COMPRA DO CONSUMIDOR

A discussao sobre o consumo verde e, consequentemente sobre os produtos verdes oferecidos no varejo atrai a atencao do consumidor quanto ao seu estilo de consumo. Contudo, e importante saber se o consumidor esta ou nao indiferente (cetico) ao tema em questao. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa busca saber: Sera que o ceticismo produz efeito mediador entre a intencao de compra e a compra declarada para produtos verdes no varejo? Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influencia do ceticismo como mediador para o consumo de produtos verdes no varejo observando como o consumidor percebe esta questao na sociedade. Para resolver esta questao e atender ao objetivo proposto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza quantitativa por meio de um survey junto a uma amostra de 1028 consumidores reais coletados em tres capitais brasileiras, Brasilia/DF, Salvador/BA e Belo Horizonte/MG. A analise de dados foi feita utilizando a modelagem de equacoes estruturais por meio do software SmartPLS 2.0 M3. O resultado indica que o ceticismo nao possui efeito mediador para a relacao entre intencao de compra e compra declara, mas, por outro lado e comparado a outras pesquisas, a relacao entre intencao de compra e compra declarada vem aumentando ao longo do tempo em termos de carga fatorial e isso pode significar que o consumidor esta se mostrando mais atento as questoes ligadas ao consumo de produtos verdes no varejo.
Can Dialysis Modality Influence Quality of Life in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients? Low-Flux Hemodialysis versus High-Flux Hemodiafiltration: A Cross-Over Study

Background: Hemodiafiltration with online preparation of the substitution [online high-flux hemodiafiltration (OHDF)] and hemodiafiltration with prepared bags of substitution (HDF) are important, recently widely used renal replacement therapies in patients with end-stage renal disease. However, there is little information on the comparative impacts of these modalities versus conventional low-flux hemodialysis (HD) on the quality of life (QoL) of HD patients. This study investigates the effect of dialysis modality on QoL in chronic HD patients. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, cross-over, open label study, 24 patients were enrolled. Their age were 62 ± 13.34 years (mean ± SD), with the duration of dialysis of 31 ± 23.28 months (mean ± SD). Five of the patients were women. QoL was measured by the Short-Form Health Survey with 36 questions (SF-36) and subscale scores were calculated. Each patient received HD, OHDF, and HDF for 3 months, with the dialysis modality subsequently being altered. They completed the questionnaire of QoL at the end of each period. Results: There were statistical significant differences in QoL for the total SF-36 [36.1 (26.7–45.7) and 40.7 (30.2–62.8)], for classic low-flux HD and high-flux hemodiafiltration, for bodily pain [45 (26.9–66.9) and 55 (35.6–87.5)], and for role limitations due to emotional functioning [0 (0–33.3) and 33.3 (0–100)], respectively. The scores did not differ significantly between the two types of hemodiafiltration. Conclusions: Our study indicates that QoL differs significantly among patients receiving low-flux HD and high-flux hemodiafiltration, on total SF-36, bodily pain, and role limitations due to emotional functioning. Convective modalities may offer better QoL than diffusive HD.
A Report on Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus in Turkey : Antigenic Variations of Different Strains of EFV in the 1985 and 2012 Outbreaks Using Partial Glycoprotein Gene Sequences

A Report on Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus in Turkey: Antigenic Variations of Different Strains of EFV in the 1985 and 2012 Outbreaks Using Partial Glycoprotein Gene Sequences T. C . O guzo glu, A. Ert€ urk, S . G. C izmeci, B. T. Koc 3 and Y. Akc a 1 Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 2 Department of Virus Diagnostic, Etlik Veterinary Control and Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey 3 Department of Virology, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
Cytology of the Human Milk in the First Post Partum Week - A Clinical Perspective

Human milk is a dynamic physiological fluid. The short term and long term benefits of breast feeding are already very well established. Apart from the nutritional components, the human milk contains many growth factors & different kinds of live cells. Present study is an observational study of the cytological evaluation of the 100 samples of human milk collected in the first post partum week of Indian women. The interesting observation of the present study is the rising counts of the immune cells in the human milk which peak on day 5. This finding probably correlates with the greater immunological needs of the neonate in the first week. These cells help the neonate in providing cell mediated immune responses and protection against respiratory and gut infections. They also help in the process of the neonatal gut maturation. The counts of the epithelial cells in the human milk are observed to be steady throughout the, first post partum week. The mesenchymal stem cells observed in the human milk could be myoepithelial in origin. The higher levels of the growth factors like hepotocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in the human milk when compared with the umbilical cord or the maternal serum could be attributed to the paracrine secretions by the stem cells. The observations of the present study are correlating with the physiological needs of the neonate in the most important period of the first week after the birth. The study further strengthens the concept of exclusive breast feeding.
HfO/sub 2/ MIS capacitor with copper gate electrode

Metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors were fabricated using atomic vapor deposition HfO/sub 2/ dielectric with sputtered copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) gate electrodes. The counterparts with SiO/sub 2/ dielectric were also fabricated for comparison. Bias-temperature stress and charge-to-breakdown (Q/sub BD/) test were conducted to examine the stability and reliability of these capacitors. In contrast with the high Cu drift rate in an SiO/sub 2/ dielectric, Cu in contact with HfO/sub 2/ seems to be very stable. The HfO/sub 2/ capacitors with a Cu-gate also depict higher capacitance without showing any reliability degradation, compared to the Al-gate counterparts. These results indicate that HfO/sub 2/ with its considerably high density of 9.68 g/cm/sup 3/ is acting as a good barrier to Cu diffusion, and it thus appears feasible to integrate Cu metal with the post-gate-dielectric ultralarge-scale integration manufacturing processes.
Success or failure of sustainability transition policies. A framework for the evaluation and assessment of policies in complex systems

Since 2001, Dutch transition policy has been in pla ce to govern long-term environmental policy for sustainable system innovation. Dutch environmental policy is subject to regular monitoring and policy evaluation, but the development of a conceptually s ound evaluation tool for transition policies remain s to be resolved. Key difficulties are the systemic c haracter of anticipated changes, the long range of policy goals, and the inclusiveness of other effect s. These difficulties renders policy attribution an d evaluation of effects, costs and benefits difficult to impossible. Building upon insights from complexity science and innovation studies, this paper aims to contribute t o the development of an evaluation tool for transitio n policies. It is recognized that transitions are fundamental changes of socio-technical regimes to more sustainable configurations of complex adaptive systems. Main features of complex adaptive systems are: the presence of multiple stable state s and thresholds, and recognition of dynamics in term s of evolutionary changes in line with an adaptive cycle. In line with these main features, we elabora te on the policy consequences and we distinguish a coherent set of process-oriented indicators for pol icy assessment.
Interactive visualization of particle systems

The interest in particle methods and gridless discretizations has been increasing enormously in recent times: a development which is especially boosted by the rapid progress of hardware capabilities and the design of new highly sophisticated algorithms, thanks to which nowadays systems of several millions degrees of freedom can be simulated. Consequently there is a high demand for interactive visualization tools to explore the huge amount of data. Several techniques for visualizing particle systems are presented. These methods are based on efficient algorithms and models and make frequent use of the texture mapping capabilities of modern graphics hardware to improve the efficiency of scene display and, for example, to display properly illuminated particle traces. The main stress of the discussion is put on the presentation of a multiresolutional concept that enables the visualization of systems which even consist of several millions of particles. Its basic idea is to display a density function instead of resolving regions of high particle density particlewise. Therefore we construct two adaptive hierarchical trees, one of which is to store the particle information, whereas the other one contains complete density information. For the sake of economical memory management, both trees are efficiently stored in hash tables.
Design of a Portable Electromyography Device for Back Herniated Patients

Up to 80 percent of people are affected by back herniation or another low-back disease in their life. Some studies have proven that there is a significant relation between paraspinal muscles and back herniation. In this study, a portable surface electromyography device was designed for measuring the muscular activity of paraspinal muscles from back herniated patients. The device’s gain value is adjusted to 1000, it includes a band-pass filter and a 50 Hz notch filter to eliminate power source interference noise and other electrically noises. The device designed as an electrically isolated single channel, and it is linked to Matlab software via the serial port of Personal Computer.
Social Determinants of Health: Present Status, Unanswered Questions, and Future Directions

This article reviews the current status of theory and research concerning the social determinants of health. It provides an overview of current conceptualizations and evidence on the impact of various social determinants of health. The contributions of different disciplines—epidemiology, sociology, political economy, and the human rights perspective—to the field are acknowledged, but profound gaps persist in our understanding of the forces that drive the quality of various social determinants of health and why research is too infrequently translated into action. Many of these gaps in knowledge concern the political, economic, and social forces that make implementation of public policy agendas focused on strengthening the social determinants of health problematic. The author identifies the areas of inquiry needed to help translate knowledge into action.
Nonlinear optimal suppression of vortex shedding from a circular cylinder

This study is focused on two- and three-dimensional incompressible flow past a circular cylinder for Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}\leqslant 1000$ . To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the suppression of unsteadiness for this flow we determine the nonlinear optimal open-loop control driven by surface-normal wall transpiration. The spanwise-constant wall transpiration is allowed to oscillate in time, although steady forcing is determined to be most effective. At low levels of control cost, defined as the square integration of the control, the sensitivity of unsteadiness with respect to wall transpiration is a good approximation of the optimal control. The distribution of this sensitivity suggests that the optimal control at small magnitude is achieved by applying suction upstream of the upper and lower separation points and blowing at the trailing edge. At high levels of wall transpiration, the assumptions underlying the linearized sensitivity calculation become invalid since the base flow is eventually altered by the size of the control forcing. The large-magnitude optimal control is observed to spread downstream of the separation point and draw the shear layer separation towards the rear of the cylinder through suction, while blowing along the centreline eliminates the recirculation bubble in the wake. We further demonstrate that it is possible to completely suppress vortex shedding in two- and three-dimensional flow past a circular cylinder up to $\mathit{Re}=1000$ , accompanied by 70 % drag reduction when a nonlinear optimal control of moderate magnitude (with root-mean-square value 8 % of the free-stream velocity) is applied. This is confirmed through linearized stability analysis about the steady-state solution when the nonlinear optimal wall transpiration is applied. While continuously distributed wall transpiration is not physically realizable, the study highlights localized regions where discrete control strategies could be further developed. It also highlights the appropriate range of application of linear and nonlinear optimal control to this type of flow problem.
Pathological and molecular assessment of sentinel lymph nodes in solid tumors.

Sentinel nodes (SNs) are the first set of nodes to receive drainage and cancer cells from a primary tumor. While there may be a single SN, frequently there are one to three or more SNs. The development of sentinel node surgery over the last decade has led to dramatic changes in the surgical approach to regional nodes draining solid tumors. The surgeon can now identify, to a level of accuracy previously impossible, the regional nodes most likely to be involved with cancer in any individual patient. This new capability comes at a cost; the principles guiding the extent of nodal surgery must be completely re-examined. The extent of surgical resection required to achieve each of the goals of regional node surgery-(1) establishing prognosis, (2) obtaining regional control, and (3) improving overall survival-may no longer be simply the default "regional node resection" and may vary depending on the clinical goals. Inseparable from this new surgical technology is the methodology employed for pathologic evaluation of SNs. It is critical that pathologists and clinicians conduct definitive clinical research directed toward defining the role and impact that SN surgery has on each of these surgical goals.
Association between the presence of H pylori in the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis.

AIM To evaluate the arguments for and against the possible roles of H pylori in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We performed a systematic review of all relevant studies published in the literature. A total of 103 clinical trials and reports were identified, but only 10 trials qualified under our selection criteria. A meta-analysis was carried out by a biostatistician according to the Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook recommended by The Cochrane Collaboration. RESULTS Nine case-control studies and one retrospective cross sectional study were included in the final analysis. Overall the prevalence of H pylori infection was 53.3% (129 of 242) in cases and 10.4% (29 of 280) in controls, and the summary odds ratio for the association of H pylori infection with the risk for HCC (using the fixed-effects model, which accounted for the homogeneity across the 10 studies) was determined to be 13.63 (95% CI, 7.90-23.49). CONCLUSION Our analysis showed a positive association between H pylori infection and the risk of HCC, with an indication of possible publication bias and possible confounders due to study designs that showed results of less pronounced associations.
Entanglement and quantum computation with ions in thermal motion

With bichromatic fields, it is possible to deterministically produce entangled states of trapped ions. In this paper we present a unified analysis of this process for both weak and strong fields, for slow and fast gates. Simple expressions for the fidelity of creating maximally entangled states of two or an arbitrary number of ions under nonideal conditions are derived and discussed.
Temperamental differences in infants and young children.

There are marked individual differences in children’s temperamental stylesdifferences thought to be constitutionally determined in part. The importance of temperamental features is evident in their links with various forms of psychopathology and in their effects on the manner in which other people respond to the child. For these and other reasons i t has rightly come to be accepted that greater attention needs to be paid to temperamental issues in consideration of the processes of development, children’s responses to stress situations. and the genesis of emotional. behavioural and learning disorders. However. major conceptual, methodological and theoretical problems remain. Problems of measurement are considered in terms of the relativity of measures, whether or not to take social context into account, the furxtional equivalence of measures at different ages, the circumstances to use in assessing temperament, the choice of measuring instrument and the categorization of temperamental features. The issues involved in the meaning of temperamental differences are discussed with respect to consistency, developmental change. genetic influences. brain damage and mental retardation, sex differences and the mechanisms by which temperamental variables exert their effects. The general concept of temperamenr goes back to at least mediaeval times, when it was used to refer to a person’s mental disposition, as determined by the combination of the four cardinal humours. Its usage today retains much of t h d emphasis. That is, the term usually implies reference to the basic elements of behavioural functioning rather than to complex or idiosyncratic aspects of a person’s emotional or social style; the concept applies to those elements that show substantial consistency over time and over space; and it is assumed that, to a considerable extent, the elements are constitutionally determined. Most notably, temperament refers to a preponderant style in how an individual does things or how he or she responds to people and to situations, rather than to what the individual does (i.e. the content of behaviour), or to why he or she does it (i.e. motivation), or to the behavioural 1982 Temperamental differences in infants and young children. Piiman Books Ltd, London (Ciba Foundation symposium 89) p 1-19