Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recognize High Resolution Faces: From Macrocosm to Microcosm

Human faces manifest distinct structures and characteristics when observed in different scales. Traditional face recognition techniques mainly rely on low-resolution face images, leading to the lost of significant information contained in the microscopic traits. In this paper, we introduce a multilayer framework for high resolution face recognition exploiting features in multiple scales. Each face image is factorized into four layers: global appearance, facial organs, skins, and irregular details. We employ Multilevel PCA followed by Regularized LDA to model global appearance and facial organs. However, the description of skin texture and irregular details, for which conventional vector representation are not suitable, brings forth the need of developing novel representations. To address the issue, Discriminative Multiscale Texton Features and SIFT-Activated Pictorial Structure are proposed to describe skin and subtle details respectively. To effectively combine the information conveyed by all layers, we further design an metric fusion algorithm adaptively placing emphasis onto the highly confident layers. Through systematic experiments, we identify different roles played by the layers and convincingly show that by utilizing their complementarities, our framework achieves remarkable performance improvement.
The Effects of Different Cranial Modules on Mechanical Properties of Cranial Suture in Lewis Rats and Same‐aged C57BL/6 Mice

Abstract: In this study we aimed at investigating size effects on mechanical properties of cranial suture in different animal research models. Lewis rats and C57BL/6 mice were selected as the larger research model and smaller research model, respectively. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of different cranial modules of cranial sutures in Lewis rats and same‐aged C57BL/6 mice. Ten sagittal sutures were harvested from 4‐month‐old Lewis rats and C57BL/6 mice. The specimens, kept moist, were mounted fresh and distracted until rupture. A load–displacement curve was constructed. The stiffness, Young's modulus, fracture stress and fracture energy were calculated. Moreover, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and fracture mechanisms are discussed. Cranial modules in Lewis rats and same‐aged C57BL/6 mice are also provided. The results show differences between the two groups, with higher values from Lewis rat. Higher mechanical properties occurred mainly on the large type of cranial module in this mammalian system.
Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of strategies to promote adherence to tuberculosis treatment

Abstract Objective: To determine the effectiveness of strategies to promote adherence to treatment for tuberculosis. Identification: Searches in Medline (1966 to August 1996), the Cochrane trials register (up to October 1996), and LILACS (Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud) (1982 to September 1996); screening of references in articles on compliance and adherence; contact with experts in research on tuberculosis and adherence. Inclusion criteria: Randomised or pseudorandomised controlled trials of interventions to promote adherence with curative or preventive treatment for tuberculosis, with at least one measure of adherence. Main outcome measure: Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for estimates of effect for categorical outcomes. Results: Five trials met the inclusion criteria. The relative risk for tested reminder cards sent to patients who defaulted on treatment was 1.2 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.4), for help given to patients by lay health workers 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8), for monetary incentives offered to patients 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0), for health education 1.2 (1.1 to 1.4), for a combination of a patient incentive and health education 2.4 (1.5 to 3.7) or 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2), and for intensive supervision of staff in tuberculosis clinics 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3). There were no completed trials of directly observed treatment. All of the interventions tested improved adherence. On current evidence it is unclear whether health education by itself leads to better adherence to treatment. Conclusions: Reliable evidence is available to show some specific strategies improve adherence to tuberculosis treatment, and these should be adopted in health systems, depending on their appropriateness to practice circumstances. Further innovations require testing to help find specific approaches that will be useful in low income countries. Randomised controlled trials evaluating the independent effects of directly observed treatment are awaited. Key messages Despite adequate delivery systems, some patients with tuberculosis do not complete treatment Six specific interventions have been tested in randomised trials to improve adherence, ranging from intensive staff supervision to monetary incentives for patients This systematic review of randomised trials found that all of the strategies tested seemed to improve adherence Independent effects of health education could not be assessed, and there are no trials yet available that test the effectiveness of directly observed treatment Health providers should draw on what is known to be effective when designing strategies appropriate to local needs and circumstances Further innovations, especially those that are feasible in developing countries, should be evaluated in randomised controlled trials before being introduced into routine practice.
Laparoscopic Technique for Serial Collection of Para-Colonic, Left Colic, and Inferior Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Macaques

Unlike peripheral lymph nodes (PLN), the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) draining the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are exposed to microbes and microbial products from the intestines and as such, are immunologically distinct. GI draining (MLN) have also been shown to be sites of early viral replication and likely impact early events that determine the course of HIV infection. They also are important reservoir sites that harbor latently-infected cells and from which the virus can emerge even after prolonged combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Changes in the microbial flora and increased permeability of the GI epithelium associated with lentiviral infection can impact the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and induce changes to secondary lymphoid organs limiting immune reconstitution with cART. Nonhuman primate models for AIDS closely model HIV infection in humans and serial sampling of the GALT and associated secondary lymphoid organs in this model is crucial to gain a better understanding of the critical early events in infection, pathogenesis, and the role of immune responses or drugs in controlling virus at these sites. However, current techniques to sample GI draining (MLN) involve major surgery and/or necropsy, which have, to date, limited the ability to investigate mechanisms mediating the initiation, persistence and control of infection in this compartment. Here, we describe a minimally invasive laparoscopic technique for serial sampling of these sites that can be used with increased sampling frequency, yields greater cell numbers and immune cell subsets than current non-invasive techniques of the GALT and reduces the potential for surgical complications that could complicate interpretation of the results. This procedure has potential to facilitate studies of pathogenesis and evaluation of preventive and treatment interventions, reducing sampling variables that can influence experimental results, and improving animal welfare.
Specific expression and function of the A-type cytochrome c oxidase under starvation conditions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has one A-type (caa3) and multiple C-type (cbb3) cytochrome c oxidases as well as two quinol oxidases for aerobic respiration. The caa3 oxidase is highly efficient in creating a proton gradient across the cell membrane, but it is not expressed under normal growth conditions and its physiological role has not been investigated. In the present study, a mutant strain deficient in the coxBA-PA0107-coxC genes encoding caa3 exhibited normal growth under any test conditions, but it had low relative fitness under carbon starvation conditions, indicating that the expression of caa3 is advantageous under starvation conditions. A mutant that lacked four terminal oxidase gene clusters except for the cox genes was unable to grow aerobically because of low expression level of caa3. However, suppressor mutants that grew aerobically using caa3 as the only terminal oxidase emerged after aerobic subculturing. Analyses of the suppressor mutants revealed that a mutation of roxS encoding a sensor kinase of a two-component regulator RoxSR was necessary for the aerobic growth in synthetic medium. Two additional mutations in the 5′-flanking region of coxB were necessary for the aerobic growth in LB medium. Although the expression level of caa3 was higher in the suppressor mutants, their growth rates were lower than when the other terminal oxidases were utilized, suggesting that caa3 was not suited for utilization as the only terminal oxidase. Overexpression of the cox genes also inhibited the aerobic growth of the wild-type strain. These results indicate that caa3 is tightly regulated to be expressed only under starvation conditions at low level and it functions in cooperation with other terminal oxidases to facilitate survival in nutrient starvation conditions.
A Formal Approach to Distributed System Security Test Generation

Deployment of distributed systems sets high requirements for procedures for the security testing of these systems. This work introduces: (1) a list of typical threats based on standards and actual practices; (2) an extended six-layered model for test generation mission on the basis of technical specifications and end-user requirements. Based on the list of typical threats and the multilayer model, we describe a formal approach to the automated design and generation of security mechanisms checklists for complex distributed systems.
A Phase Adjustment Approach for Interference Reduction in OFDM-Based Cognitive Radios

The problem of cross-band interference in single-antenna and multi-antenna OFDM cognitive transmitters is considered. Cross-band interference, which is caused by large OFDM signal sidelobes, is a major drawback of OFDM, especially in cognitive radio applications where it is crucial to protect primary licensed users from the secondary user's interference. In this paper, we propose a novel low complexity technique, referred to as a phase adjustment technique, to tackle this problem in single-antenna and multi-antenna OFDM cognitive transmitters. In this technique, the phase of each OFDM symbol is adjusted in an attempt to minimize the interference caused by the secondary user to the primary. Unlike prior methods, this technique does not decrease data throughput and has no impact on the bit-error-rate and peak-to-average power ratio of the OFDM symbols. Furthermore, to calculate the adjustment phases, three heuristics, one of which is very low complexity and achieves near optimal performance in numerical simulations, are also proposed. In addition, the performance of the proposed technique is evaluated analytically in some special cases in single and multi-antenna cognitive transmitters, and is verified by numerical simulations.
NON‐DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF FATIGUE DAMAGE FOR SUS316 BY USING ELECTROMAGNETIC METHODS

There are some fatigue damage estimation methods for an austenitic stainless steel that uses martensitic transformation. For instance, those are the remanent magnetization method, the excitation method using the differential pick‐up coil, and so on. We are researching also those two methods in our laboratory now. In the remanent magnetization method, it is well known that the relationship between fatigue damage and the remanent magnetization is simple, clear, and reproducible. In addition, the excitation method can be easily used at the job site because the special magnetizer is unnecessary. But, these methods have some disadvantages shown as follows. For instance, the former needs a special magnetizer and the latter’s output signal is small. On the other hand, it is well known that the inductance of a pancake type coil put on the metallic specimen changes according to the electromagnetic properties of the metallic specimen. In this paper, the assessment method of fatigue of an austenitic stainless steel (SUS316) that uses the change by fatigue of the inductance of the pancake type coil measured with the LCR meter is shown. In addition, the fatigue evaluation performance of this method is described.There are some fatigue damage estimation methods for an austenitic stainless steel that uses martensitic transformation. For instance, those are the remanent magnetization method, the excitation method using the differential pick‐up coil, and so on. We are researching also those two methods in our laboratory now. In the remanent magnetization method, it is well known that the relationship between fatigue damage and the remanent magnetization is simple, clear, and reproducible. In addition, the excitation method can be easily used at the job site because the special magnetizer is unnecessary. But, these methods have some disadvantages shown as follows. For instance, the former needs a special magnetizer and the latter’s output signal is small. On the other hand, it is well known that the inductance of a pancake type coil put on the metallic specimen changes according to the electromagnetic properties of the metallic specimen. In this paper, the assessment method of fatigue of an austenitic stainless steel .
Performance Comparison of Three Batch-Mode Scheduling Heuristics

Grid scheduling issue has been an exploration hotspot lately. Some custom heuristics have been utilized to upgrade it and have got some great results. In any case, selecting the best heuristic to use in a given domain remains a troublesome issue. So to beat this, a few examinations have been made in this paper which will give the data that which heuristic will gives better Makespan, Flowtime and Average completion time value. So in this paper, three heuristics i.e., Min-Min, Max-Min & LJFR-SJFR are chosen, compared, analyzed and executed by using Gridsim 5.2. General Terms Scheduling Heuristics.
Topology control with better radio models: implications for energy and multi-hop interference

Topology Control (TC) is a well-studied technique used in wireless ad hoc networks to find energy-efficient and/or low-interference subgraphs of the maxpower communication graph. However, existing work has the following limitations: (1) the energy model adopted is quite unrealistic - only transmit power is often considered and homogeneous decay of the radio signal with distance is assumed; (2) the interference measure does not account for multi-hop communications. In this paper, we show the dramatic effect of the underlying energy and interference model on TC. In particular, we demonstrate that by using more realistic energy models and considering the effects of multi-hop interference, radically different conclusions about TC can be drawn; namely that (1) energy efficient TC is essentially meaningless, since every link turns out to be "efficient", and that (2) topologies identified as "interference-optimal" in the current literature can be extremely bad from the viewpoint of multi-hop interference. Given these observations, we propose a new measure of link interference, extend it to deal with multi-hop interference, and design a corresponding optimal communication subgraph, called ATASP. We prove that, in the worst case, ATASP coincides with the maxpower communication graph, showing that in some unfortunate situations also performing multi-hop interference-based TC is pointless. However, the simulation results with random node deployments presented in this paper show that, on the average, ATASP is a sparse subgraph of the maxpower communication graph, and multi-hop interference-based TC is indeed possible. Since computing ATASP requires global knowledge, we experiment through simulation with known localized algorithms for energy-efficient TC and show that they perform well (on the average) with respect to multi-hop interference.
Interactive volume visualization with WebGl

Web-based applications have become increasingly popular in many areas and advances in web-based 3D graphics were made accordingly. In this context, we present a web based implementation of volume rendering using the relatively new WebGL API for interactive 3D graphics. An overview of the theoretical background of volume rendering as well as of the common approaches for a GPU implementation is given, followed by detailed description of our implementation with WebGL. Afterwards the implementation of advanced features is covered, before a short introduction to X3DOM, as a possible alternative for web based volume visualization, is given. It is the aim of this work to incorporate both basic and advanced methods of volume rendering and to achieve interactive framerates with WebGL, using the power of client-side graphics hardware. With regard to that, the result of our implementation is discussed by evaluating its performance and by comparing it to an alternative solution. Finally, we draw a conclusion of our work and point out possible future work and improvements.
Current advances in aptamer‐assisted technologies for detecting bacterial and fungal toxins

Infectious diseases are among the common leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Associated with the emergence of new infectious diseases, the increasing number of antimicrobial‐resistant isolates presents a serious threat to public health and hospitalized patients. A microbial pathogen may elicit several host responses and use a variety of mechanisms to evade host defences. These methods and mechanisms include capsule, lipopolysaccharides or cell wall components, adhesions and toxins. Toxins inhibit phagocytosis, cause septic shock and host cell damages by binding to host surface receptors and invasion. Bacterial and fungal pathogens are able to apply many different toxin‐dependent mechanisms to disturb signalling pathways and the structural integrity of host cells for establishing and maintaining infections Initial techniques for analysis of bacterial toxins were based on in vivo or in vitro assessments. There is a permanent demand for appropriate detection methods which are affordable, practical, careful, rapid, sensitive, efficient and economical. Aptamers are DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that are selected by systematic evolution of ligands using exponential enrichment (SELEX) methods and can be applied in diagnostic applications. This review provides an overview of aptamer‐based methods as a novel approach for detecting toxins in bacterial and fungal pathogens.
User profile elicitation and conversion in a mashup environment

Many Web applications have offered personalization and adaptation as their features in order to provide personalized services to their users. The user profiles are gathered independently by these applications often through an explicit dialogue with the user. As a result, the users have to go through a similar elicitation process multiple times, that is, providing similar information that is used to build the user profiles to different applications. In the springtime of mashup applications, we observe the importance of considering user information in order to make the presented content more relevant to the user. For this purpose, it is necessary to have a platform/framework that enables components in the mashup to reuse and exchange user profiles. In this paper, we present the Morpho framework that elicits, enhances, and transforms a user profile from one application to another application in a mashup environment. It deals with semantic and syntactic heterogeneity of data and schema of the user profile. We present the architecture of Morpho and a case study to exemplify the approach followed in this current work.
Design and kinematic characterization of a surgical manipulator with a focus on treating osteolysis

SUMMARY This paper presents a cable-driven dexterous manipulator with a large, open lumen. One specific application for the manipulator is the treatment of the degeneration of bone tissue (osteolysis) during a less-invasive hip revision surgery. Rigid tools used in traditional approaches limit the surgeons' ability to comprehensively treat the osteolysis due to the complex geometries of the lesion. The surgical scenario, testing, kinematic modeling, and image-based inverse kinematics are described. Testing shows 94% coverage of a lesion wall; the kinematic model describes manipulator notch positions within 0.15 mm, while the image-based inverse kinematics has 0.36 mm error. This manipulator is potentially useful in treating osteolytic lesions through (1) effective lesion exploration compared to conventional techniques, and (2) rapidly performing inverse kinematics from visual feedback.
Evaluation of some scattering times for electrons in unbiased and biased single- and multiple-quantum-well structures.

We report on calculations of scattering times for electrons in single or multiple quantum wells subjected to a longitudinal electric field. Static scatterers (Coulombic impurities and interface defects) as well as acoustical or optical phonons are considered. Intrasubband and intersubband contributions in single quantum wells as well as the intrawell and interwell ones in multiple quantum wells are analyzed and compared. We find that it is usually an excellent approximation to assume that intrasubband and/or intrawell relaxations are faster than intersubband and interwell ones. The variations of the relaxation times upon the strength of an electric field applied along the growth axis make evident the part played by the polarization of the carrier wave function.
Intra-View and Inter-View Supervised Correlation Analysis for Multi-View Feature Learning

Multi-view feature learning is an attractive research topic with great practical success. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) has become an important technique in multi-view learning, since it can fully utilize the inter-view correlation. In this paper, we mainly study the CCA based multi-view supervised feature learning technique where the labels of training samples are known. Several supervised CCA based multi-view methods have been presented, which focus on investigating the supervised correlation across different views. However, they take no account of the intra-view correlation between samples. Researchers have also introduced the discriminant analysis technique into multi-view feature learning, such as multi-view discriminant analysis (MvDA). But they ignore the canonical correlation within each view and between all views. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-view feature learning approach based on intra-view and inter-view supervised correlation analysis (I2SCA), which can explore the useful correlation information of samples within each view and between all views. The objective function of I2SCA is designed to simultaneously extract the discriminatingly correlated features from both inter-view and intra-view. It can obtain an analytical solution without iterative calculation. And we provide a kernelized extension of I2SCA to tackle the linearly inseparable problem in the original feature space. Four widely-used datasets are employed as test data. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approaches outperform several representative multi-view supervised feature learning methods.