Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screening Depression Among Institutionalized Older Chinese Men by Minimum Data Set

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of the Minimum Data Set-based Depression Rating Scale (MDS-DRS) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in screening depression among older institutionalized Chinese men living in Taiwan. Method: MDS Nursing Home 2.1 Chinese version, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and short form Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) were used among elderly residents in Banciao Veterans Home. Screening results of MDS-DRS and GDS-15, and relationship between 16 MDS Mood and Anxiety symptoms and depression were evaluated. Results: The prevalence of depression defined by MDS-DRS and GDS were 0.2% and 8.7%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression disclosed that E1a (OR: 12.9, 95% CI: 2.8-58.8, p = 0.001), E1k (OR: 15.6, 95% CI: 5.6-43.5, p < 0.001), and E1l (OR: 22.2, 95% CI: 6.1-83.3, p < 0.001) were all independent associative factors for GDS-defined depression but only explained 51.9% of all depressive subjects. Conclusions: The effectiveness of MDS-DRS is limited, and a new MDS-based depression screening instrument is needed.
Near-optimal Detector for SWIPT-enabled Differential DF Relay Networks with SER Analysis

In this paper, we analyze the symbol error rate (SER) performance of the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) enabled three-node differential decode-and-forward (DDF) relay networks, which adopt the power splitting (PS) protocol at the relay. The use of non-coherent differential modulation eliminates the need for sending training symbols to estimate the instantaneous channel state informations (CSIs) at all network nodes, and therefore improves the power efficiency, as compared with the coherent modulation. However, performance analysis results are not yet available for the state-of-the-art detectors such as the approximate maximum-likelihood detector. Existing works rely on Monte-Carlo simulation to show that there exists an optimal PS ratio that minimizes the overall SER. In this work, we propose a near-optimal detector with linear complexity with respect to the modulation size. We derive an accurate approximate SER expression, based on which the optimal PS ratio can be accurately estimated without requiring any Monte-Carlo simulation.
Rapid Oligo-Galacturonide Induced Changes in Protein Phosphorylation in Arabidopsis*

The wall-associated kinases (WAKs)1 are receptor protein kinases that bind to long polymers of cross-linked pectin in the cell wall. These plasma-membrane-associated protein kinases also bind soluble pectin fragments called oligo-galacturonides (OGs) released from the wall after pathogen attack and damage. WAKs are required for cell expansion during development but bind water soluble OGs generated from walls with a higher affinity than the wall-associated polysaccharides. OGs activate a WAK-dependent, distinct stress-like response pathway to help plants resist pathogen attack. In this report, a quantitative mass-spectrometric-based phosphoproteomic analysis was used to identify Arabidopsis cellular events rapidly induced by OGs in planta. Using N14/N15 isotopic in vivo metabolic labeling, we screened 1,000 phosphoproteins for rapid OG-induced changes and found 50 proteins with increased phosphorylation, while there were none that decreased significantly. Seven of the phosphosites within these proteins overlap with those altered by another signaling molecule plants use to indicate the presence of pathogens (the bacterial “elicitor” peptide Flg22), indicating distinct but overlapping pathways activated by these two types of chemicals. Genetic analysis of genes encoding 10 OG-specific and two Flg22/OG-induced phosphoproteins reveals that null mutations in eight proteins compromise the OG response. These phosphorylated proteins with genetic evidence supporting their role in the OG response include two cytoplasmic kinases, two membrane-associated scaffold proteins, a phospholipase C, a CDPK, an unknown cadmium response protein, and a motor protein. Null mutants in two proteins, the putative scaffold protein REM1.3, and a cytoplasmic receptor like kinase ROG2, enhance and suppress, respectively, a dominant WAK allele. Altogether, the results of these chemical and genetic experiments reveal the identity of several phosphorylated proteins involved in the kinase/phosphatase-mediated signaling pathway initiated by cell wall changes.
Interval cancers following breast cancer screening in Singaporean women

Our study reports on the interval cancers arising in the subsequent 3 years in women screened as part of the Singapore Breast Cancer Screening Programme that commenced in 1994. Women, the majority of Chinese ethnicity, were either invited or not invited by random allocation to be screened. All women, other than those identified with breast cancer at screening, whether invited or not, were followed for 3 years, and information on all breast cancers arising in this period was obtained through the national registry. In particular, the cancers arising from those women who were deemed free of the disease at screening were noted. The mammographs taken at screening of those women who developed such an interval cancer were rereviewed by 3 radiologists. In the 28,099 women who were screened and deemed free of disease, 59 interval cancers were reported with annual rates of 2.1, 10.6 and 10.8 per 10,000 women‐years in the succeeding 3‐year periods. In 39,425 women who were invited but declined screening, the rates were 17.0, 15.5 and 11.7, while the corresponding rates from 97,294 women not invited were 12.8, 13.3 and 13.0. Whereas the annual incidence at 1 year in women who have been screened is much lower than those in the 2 groups who were not screened, it is of a similar magnitude by 2 years. This suggests that locally an optimal screening interval may be close to 1 year. The rereview of the mammograms of those 59 women with interval cancers suggested that the maximum possible number of these that might have been detected at screening was 10 (17%). © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional Properties of Human Embryonic Stem Cell‐Derived Cardiomyocytes

Abstract: Regeneration of the diseased myocardium by cardiac cell transplantation is an attractive therapeutic modality. Yet, because the transplanted cardiomyocytes should functionally integrate within the diseased myocardium, it is preferable that their properties resemble those of the host. To determine the functional adaptability of human embryonic stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hESC‐CM) to the host myocardium, the authors investigated the excitation‐contraction (E‐C) coupling and the responsiveness to common physiological stimuli. The main findings are: (1) hESC‐CM readily respond to electrical pacing and generate corresponding [Ca2+]i transients (measured by fura‐2 fluorescence) and contractions (measured by video edge detector). (2) In contrast to the mature myocardium, hESC‐CM display negative force‐frequency relations. (3) The hESC‐CM contraction is dependent on [Ca2+]o and blocked by verapamil. (4) Surprisingly, ryanodine, the sarcoplasmic‐endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin, and caffeine do not affect the [Ca2+]i transient or contraction. Collectively, these results indicate that at the developmental stage of 45 to 60 days, the contraction is largely dependent on [Ca2+]o rather than on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ stores. The results show for the first time that the E‐C coupling properties of hESC‐CM differ from the adult myocardium, probably due to immature SR function. Based on these findings, genetic manipulation of hESC‐CM toward the adult myocardium should be considered.
Phytoestrogens in Botanical Dietary Supplements: Implications for Cancer

Phytoestrogens are plant constituents that possess either estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity. Although their activities are weak as compared with human endogenous estrogens, the consumption of phytoestrogens may have clinically significant consequences. A number of botanicals, or the compounds contained therein, have been identified as putative estrogenic agents, but consensus in the biomedical community has been hampered by conflicting data from various in vitro and in vivo models of estrogenic activity. Phytoestrogens may serve as chemopreventive agents while at the same time being capable of promoting growth in estrogen receptor positive cancer cell lines. Furthermore, they may exert their estrogenic influence through receptor-dependent and/or receptor-independent mechanisms. These findings have led to speculation that phytoestrogen intake might be ill advised for patients at an increased risk for hormone-dependent cancers, cancer patients, or cancer survivors. This article will attempt to sort out discrepancies between various experimental models and establish whether certain herbs possess estrogenic activity. The review will focus on 5 popular botanical dietary supplements: Trifolium pratense (red clover), Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh), Humulus lupulus (hops), Angelica sinensis (dong quai), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice). It will address their mechanisms of action, clinical evidence bases, and implications for use in cancer.
An Efficient Digital CZT Beamforming Design for Near-Field 3-D Sonar Imaging

A planar array of sensors is required to collect the signals coming from a 3-D scene to generate volumetric underwater acoustic images. The method most frequently used to process the acquired signals is a digital beamforming algorithm. In general, owing to the high number of sensors and beam signals, the computational load is prohibitive for real-time image generation. In the literature, a frequency-domain beamforming technique based on the chirp zeta transform (CZT), which is efficient and computationally advantageous, has been introduced for linear and planar arrays working in the far field. This paper proposes an extension of the CZT beamforming that has been specifically devised to cope with the requirements of volumetric sonar imaging. In particular, the processing of wideband signals collected by a planar array and generated by a scene placed in both near-field and far-field conditions is enabled with a computational load that is one or two orders of magnitude lower than that of the traditional frequency-domain and time-domain beamforming implementations. To attain this result, the Fresnel delay approximation, a useful definition of steering angles, and the setting up of multiple focal regions are adopted. In addition, a computationally convenient technique to generate cubic resolution cells is introduced.
Adaptive task-oriented message template for in-network processing

In disaster situations or on emergency terrains, Internet and Cloud access may be restricted; it may still be important to process complex resource-intensive tasks and to acquire distributed information for emergency response, using ad-hoc networks among, e.g., first responder mobile devices. Corresponding approaches towards coordination, resource utilization, and interoperability are still challenging. This paper introduces the concept of adaptive task-oriented message templates (ATMT) as a basis for overcoming these issues and for enabling cooperative in-network processing without additional synchronization overhead for mobile devices. An ATMT serves as a self-encapsulated message containing the operation chains that need to be executed as well as the required data. In order to address heterogeneity and interoperability issues, we integrate a lightweight ontology. Depending on the current utilization, devices can autonomously decide whether to participate in the network or not. We evaluate our approach in an indoor testbed with 8 wireless mesh nodes. The results confirm that our approach efficiently supports cooperation among heterogeneous devices towards utilizing available in-network resources while reducing network traffic.
Scaling of Suction Feeding Performance in the Catfish Clarias gariepinus*

Ontogenetic changes in the absolute dimensions of the cranial system together with changes in kinematics during prey capture can cause differences in the spatiotemporal patterns of water flow generated during suction feeding. Because the velocity of this water flow determines the force that pulls prey toward and into the mouth cavity, this can affect suction feeding performance. In this study, size‐related changes in the suction‐induced flow patterns are determined. To do so, a mathematical suction model is applied to video recordings of prey capturing Clarias gariepinus ranging in total length from 111 to 923 mm. Although large C. gariepinus could be expected to have increasing peak velocities of water flow compared with small individuals, the results from the hydrodynamic model show that this is not the case. Yet, when C. gariepinus becomes larger, the expansive phase is prolonged, resulting in a longer sustained flow. This flow also reaches farther in front of the mouth almost proportionally with head size. Forward dynamical simulations with spherical prey that are subjected to the calculated water flows indicate that the absolute distance from which a given prey can be sucked into the mouth as well as the maximal prey diameter increase substantially with increasing head size. Consequently, the range of potential prey that can be captured through suction feeding will become broader during growth of C. gariepinus. This appears to be reflected in the natural diet of this species, where both the size and the number of evasive prey increase with increasing predator size.
Probing voltage sensing domain of KCNQ2 channel as a potential target to combat epilepsy: a comparative study

Abstract Multidrug resistance along with side-effects of available anti-epileptic drugs and unavailability of potent and effective agents in submicromolar quantities presents the biggest therapeutic challenges in anti-epileptic drug discovery. The molecular modeling techniques allow us to identify agents with novel structures to match the continuous urge for its discovery. KCNQ2 channel represents one of the validated targets for its therapy. The present study involves identification of newer anti-epileptic agents by means of a computer-aided drug design adaptive protocol involving both structure-based virtual screening of Asinex library using homology model of KCNQ2 and 3D-QSAR based virtual screening with docking analysis, followed by dG bind and ligand efficiency calculations with ADMET studies, of which 20 hits qualified all the criterions. The best ligands of both screenings with least potential for toxicity predicted computationally were then taken for molecular dynamic simulations. All the crucial amino acid interactions were observed in hits of both screenings such as Glu130, Arg207, Arg210 and Phe137. Robustness of docking protocol was analyzed through Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve values 0.88 (Area under curve AUC = 0.87) in Standard Precision and 0.84 (AUC = 0.82) in Extra Precision modes. Novelty analysis indicates that these compounds have not been reported previously as anti-epileptic agents. Graphical Abstract
The Canadian Cardiovascular Society grading of angina pectoris revisited 30 years later.

BACKGROUND The Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) grading of angina pectoris was described in the medical literature in 1976. OBJECTIVES To describe the origin of this grading, its worldwide acceptance, critiques, perceived limitations and alternative systems. METHODS The present author, who chaired the CCS ad hoc committee that developed this grading system in 1972, used documentation based on personal correspondence, and information from medline and international citation indexes searches. RESULTS The CCS committee's mandate was to standardize the definition of terms used in reporting studies of coronary artery disease and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The committee defined a four-level system modelled on the New York Heart Association functional classification of patients with diseases of the heart, and the American Medical Association classes of organic heart diseases. Threshold activities that produced angina were detailed to assess reliably the severity of exertional angina by independent observers, and changes over time. The grading system has been cited over 650 times in the literature since its official publication in 1976. Although this grading system was found to be generally relevant and practical, several imperfections and potential limitations were reported, the most pertinent being the criterion "anginal syndrome may be present at rest" included in grade IV, which was found to be inappropriate and confusing. The prognostic significance of the grading system, despite the finding that this was not its primary goal, was also thought to be inadequate. CONCLUSION Although this grading system of the severity of effort angina has been accepted throughout the world over the past 30 years, a revision is desirable considering its potential imperfections and inconsistencies with present day management of ischemic heart disease.
Salt stress-induced Ca2+ waves are associated with rapid, long-distance root-to-shoot signaling in plants

Significance This work documents a previously unreported plant-wide signaling system based on the rapid, long-distance transmission of Ca2+ waves. In the root these waves move through the cortical and endodermal cell layers at speeds of up to 400 µm/s, i.e., traversing several cells per second. This Ca2+ wave system correlates with the triggering of molecular responses in distant parts of the plant upon perception of localized (salt) stress. Such propagating Ca2+ waves provide a new mechanism for the rapid integration of activities throughout the plant body. Their sessile lifestyle means that plants have to be exquisitely sensitive to their environment, integrating many signals to appropriate developmental and physiological responses. Stimuli ranging from wounding and pathogen attack to the distribution of water and nutrients in the soil are frequently presented in a localized manner but responses are often elicited throughout the plant. Such systemic signaling is thought to operate through the redistribution of a host of chemical regulators including peptides, RNAs, ions, metabolites, and hormones. However, there are hints of a much more rapid communication network that has been proposed to involve signals ranging from action and system potentials to reactive oxygen species. We now show that plants also possess a rapid stress signaling system based on Ca2+ waves that propagate through the plant at rates of up to ∼400 µm/s. In the case of local salt stress to the Arabidopsis thaliana root, Ca2+ wave propagation is channeled through the cortex and endodermal cell layers and this movement is dependent on the vacuolar ion channel TPC1. We also provide evidence that the Ca2+ wave/TPC1 system likely elicits systemic molecular responses in target organs and may contribute to whole-plant stress tolerance. These results suggest that, although plants do not have a nervous system, they do possess a sensory network that uses ion fluxes moving through defined cell types to rapidly transmit information between distant sites within the organism.
Differential control of azurophilic and specific granule exocytosis in Sendai‐virus‐permeabilized rabbit neutrophils.

1. Rabbit neutrophils were permeabilized by treatment with Sendai virus. This was monitored by fluorescence measurement of the formation of the adduct of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with ethidium bromide. 2. On addition of Ca2+, buffered (with EGTA) in the micromolar concentration range to the permeabilized cells, secretion of beta‐glucuronidase (marker of azurophilic granules) and lysozyme (marker of specific granules) occurs. Lactate dehydrogenase (cytosol marker) is retained. Half‐maximal secretion of beta‐glucuronidase occurs at approximately pCa 6.3; lysozyme secretion occurs at approximately pCa 6.6. 3. Secretion is dependent on the provision of nucleoside triphosphates to the permeabilized cells. There is an absolute requirement for adenosine 5'‐triphosphate (ATP) for the secretion of lysozyme, but beta‐glucuronidase secretion can be partly supported by other nucleoside triphosphates in the order guanosine 5'‐triphosphate (GTP) greater than uridine 5'‐triphosphate (UTP) = xanthosine 5'‐triphosphate (XTP) greater than cytidine 5'‐triphosphate (CTP). 4. Secretion from both granules is complete within 10 min of adding Ca2+ to the permeabilized cells. There is a delay before commencement of beta‐glucuronidase secretion of approximately half a minute; the secretion of lysozyme has no measurable delay.
Development of computer-directed methods for the identification of hyperactivated motion using motion patterns developed by rabbit sperm during incubation under capacitation conditions.

Rabbit spermatozoa developed motions that mimicked hyperactivated motility during incubation for 16-20 hours under capacitation conditions and in several other commonly used media. Sperm from some rabbits failed to acquire this type of motility, and sperm from others failed to survive the long incubation time. Four motility patterns developed during incubation for 16-20 hours. Motility parameters measured by the CellSoft and CellTrak motion analysis systems were similar except for the average amplitude of lateral head displacement. Multivariate discriminant analysis with complementary regression analysis, and an unrelated tree structured classification method (CART), were used to derive rules, based on motility parameters, for the objective classification of sperm into the two motility classes: 1) nonhyperactivated motility and 2) hyperactivated motility or motility that mimicked hyperactivated motility. The motility parameter wobble (WOB) as superior to the commonly used parameter, linearity, as a classifier of motility types. It classified sperm into the two motility groups with 96.6% efficiency and, together with curvilinear velocity (VCL), attained classification efficiencies of 98%. The classification model produced by CART was preferred over the one obtained by discriminant analysis. The rule for motility classification was dependent on the motion analysis system used to measure the motion parameters. The rule for the CellSoft system, WOB < or = 0.78 and VCL > or = 51 microns/second, classified sperm with an efficiency of 98%, whereas the rule for the CellTrak system, WOB < or = 0.6 and VCL > or = 55 microns/second, achieved a classification efficiency of 97%. These rules should facilitate the study of sperm hyperactivation and its role in sperm function.