Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finger Tendon Travel Associated with Sequential Trigger Nail Gun Use

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS This article reports a method for assessing finger tendon motion associated with the use of a sequential actuation trigger pneumatic nail gun. The two-stage actuation process of the sequential actuation trigger reduces risk of nail puncture injury from unintended nail discharge (relative to the higher risk of the contact actuation trigger). However, widespread adoption of the sequential actuation trigger nail gun throughout the construction industry has been hindered by beliefs about productivity and musculoskeletal concerns about the repetitive trigger actuation and finger motion for each nail fired. Though existing guidelines for finger tendon travel exposure are not well established, predictions derived with the present method combined with productivity standards suggest insufficient evidence to contradict the safety-based recommendation to adopt the sequential actuation trigger trigger. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: Pneumatic nail guns used in wood framing are equipped with one of two triggering mechanisms. Sequential actuation triggers have been shown to be a safer alternative to contact actuation triggers because they reduce traumatic injury risk. However, the sequential actuation trigger must be depressed for each individual nail fired as opposed to the contact actuation trigger, which allows the trigger to be held depressed as nails are fired repeatedly by bumping the safety tip against the workpiece. As such, concerns have been raised about risks for cumulative trauma injury, and reduced productivity, due to repetitive finger motion with the sequential actuation trigger. Purpose: This study developed a method to predict cumulative finger flexor tendon travel associated with the sequential actuation trigger nail gun from finger joint kinematics measured in the trigger actuation and productivity standards for wood-frame construction tasks. Methods: Finger motions were measured from six users wearing an instrumented electrogoniometer glove in a simulation of two common framing tasks—wall building and flat nailing of material. Flexor tendon travel was calculated from the ensemble average kinematics for an individual nail fired. Results: Finger flexor tendon travel was attributable mostly to proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joint motion. Tendon travel per nail fired appeared to be slightly greater for a wall-building task than a flat nailing task. The present study data, in combination with construction industry productivity standards, suggest that a high-production workday would be associated with less than 60 m/day cumulative tendon travel per worker (based on 1700 trigger presses/day). Conclusion and Applications: These results suggest that exposure to finger tendon travel from sequential actuation trigger nail gun use may be below levels that have been previously associated with high musculoskeletal disorder risk.
Endocannabinoids Stimulate Human Melanogenesis via Type-1 Cannabinoid Receptor*

Background: Endocannabinoids like anandamide (AEA) play a key role in skin biology. Results: At high concentrations, AEA induces apoptosis of primary human melanocytes through TRPV1 receptors, whereas at low concentrations, it stimulates melanogenesis through CB1 receptors. Conclusion: AEA regulates cell death or melanin synthesis through different pathways. Significance: The double effect of AEA on human melanocytes might have implications beyond skin biology. We show that a fully functional endocannabinoid system is present in primary human melanocytes (normal human epidermal melanocyte cells), including anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol, the respective target receptors (CB1, CB2, and TRPV1), and their metabolic enzymes. We also show that at higher concentrations AEA induces normal human epidermal melanocyte apoptosis (∼3-fold over controls at 5 μm) through a TRPV1-mediated pathway that increases DNA fragmentation and p53 expression. However, at lower concentrations, AEA and other CB1-binding endocannabinoids dose-dependently stimulate melanin synthesis and enhance tyrosinase gene expression and activity (∼3- and ∼2-fold over controls at 1 μm). This CB1-dependent activity was fully abolished by the selective CB1 antagonist SR141716 or by RNA interference of the receptor. CB1 signaling engaged p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases, which in turn activated the cyclic AMP response element-binding protein and the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Silencing of tyrosinase or microphthalmia-associated transcription factor further demonstrated the involvement of these proteins in AEA-induced melanogenesis. In addition, CB1 activation did not engage the key regulator of skin pigmentation, cyclic AMP, showing a major difference compared with the regulation of melanogenesis by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone through melanocortin 1 receptor.
Dying dyons don't count

The dyonic 1/4-BPS states in 4D string theory with = 4 spacetime supersymmetry are counted by a Siegel modular form. The pole structure of the modular form leads to a contour dependence in the counting formula obscuring its duality invariance. We exhibit the relation between this ambiguity and the (dis-)appearance of bound states of 1/2-BPS configurations. Using this insight we propose a precise moduli-dependent contour prescription for the counting formula. We then show that the degeneracies are duality-invariant and are correctly adjusted at the walls of marginal stability to account for the (dis-)appearance of the two-centered bound states. Especially, for large black holes none of these bound states exists at the attractor point and none of these ambiguous poles contributes to the counting formula. Using this fact we also propose a second, moduli-independent contour which counts the ``immortal dyons" that are stable everywhere.
Using LOTOS for rigorous specifications of workflow patterns

Collaborative applications require understanding of the theoretical foundations. In case of workflow systems, one possibility to achieve this is an accurate description of workflow functionalities. Despite its growing popularity and success, it has not yet been evaluated whether Language of Temporal Ordering Specification (LOTOS) is actually suitable for representing comprehensive workflow functionality in real-world workflow systems describing the behavioral perspective of control-flow. Our primary contribution is the complete mapping of a collection of workflow patterns to LOTOS notation. We further discuss suitability and expressiveness of LOTOS in the context of workflow patterns. This study can be used for pattern-based workflow execution, reasoning, and simulation as well as for future research on theoretical aspects of workflows for collaborative applications.
A Cardiolipin-Deficient Mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides Has an Altered Cell Shape and Is Impaired in Biofilm Formation

ABSTRACT Cell shape has been suggested to play an important role in the regulation of bacterial attachment to surfaces and the formation of communities associated with surfaces. We found that a cardiolipin synthase (Δcls) mutant of the rod-shaped bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides—in which synthesis of the anionic, highly curved phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is reduced by 90%—produces ellipsoid-shaped cells that are impaired in biofilm formation. Reducing the concentration of CL did not cause significant defects in R. sphaeroides cell growth, swimming motility, lipopolysaccharide and exopolysaccharide production, surface adhesion protein expression, and membrane permeability. Complementation of the CL-deficient mutant by ectopically expressing CL synthase restored cells to their rod shape and increased biofilm formation. Treating R. sphaeroides cells with a low concentration (10 μg/ml) of the small-molecule MreB inhibitor S-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)isothiourea produced ellipsoid-shaped cells that had no obvious growth defect yet reduced R. sphaeroides biofilm formation. This study demonstrates that CL plays a role in R. sphaeroides cell shape determination, biofilm formation, and the ability of the bacterium to adapt to its environment. IMPORTANCE Membrane composition plays a fundamental role in the adaptation of many bacteria to environmental stress. In this study, we build a new connection between the anionic phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) and cellular adaptation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. We demonstrate that CL plays a role in the regulation of R. sphaeroides morphology and is important for the ability of this bacterium to form biofilms. This study correlates CL concentration, cell shape, and biofilm formation and provides the first example of how membrane composition in bacteria alters cell morphology and influences adaptation. This study also provides insight into the potential of phospholipid biosynthesis as a target for new chemical strategies designed to alter or prevent biofilm formation.
Integrated Systems and Technologies MicroRNA miR-183 Functions as an Oncogene by Targeting the Transcription Factor EGR 1 and Promoting Tumor Cell Migration

The transcription factor EGR1 is a tumor suppressor gene that is downregulated in many cancer types. Clinically, loss of EGR1 translates to increased tumor transformation and subsequent patient morbidity and mortality. In synovial sarcoma, the SS18-SSX fusion protein represses EGR1 expression through a direct association with the EGR1 promoter. However, the mechanism through which EGR1 becomes downregulated in other tumor types is unclear. Here, we report that EGR1 is regulated by microRNA (miR)-183 inmultiple tumor types including synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), and colon cancer. Using an integrative network analysis, we identified that miR-183 is significantly overexpressed in these tumor types as well as in corresponding tumor cell lines. Bioinformatic analyses suggested that miR-183 could target EGR1 mRNA and this specific interaction was validated in vitro. miR-183 knockdown in synovial sarcoma, RMS, and colon cancer cell lines revealed deregulation of a miRNA network composed ofmiR-183–EGR1–PTEN in these tumors. Integrated miRNAand mRNA-based genomic analyses indicated that miR-183 is an important contributor to cell migration in these tumor types and this result was functionally validated to be occurring via an EGR1-based mechanism. In conclusion, our findings have significant implications in the mechanisms underlying EGR1 regulation in cancers. miR-183 has a potential oncogenic role through the regulation of 2 tumor suppressor genes, EGR1 and PTEN, and the deregulation of this fundamental miRNA regulatory network may be central to many tumor types. Cancer Res; 70(23); 9570–80. 2010 AACR.
DISSECT - DIStributional SEmantics Composition Toolkit

We introduce DISSECT, a toolkit to build and explore computational models of word, phrase and sentence meaning based on the principles of distributional semantics. The toolkit focuses in particular on compositional meaning, and implements a number of composition methods that have been proposed in the literature. Furthermore, DISSECT can be useful to researchers and practitioners who need models of word meaning (without composition) as well, as it supports various methods to construct distributional semantic spaces, assessing similarity and even evaluating against benchmarks, that are independent of the composition infrastructure.
Inexact graph matching for entity recognition in OCRed documents

This paper proposes an entity recognition system in image documents recognized by OCR. The system is based on a graph matching technique and is guided by a database describing the entities in its records. The input of the system is a document which is labeled by the entity attributes. A first grouping of those labels based on a function score leads to a selected set of candidate entities. The entity labels which are locally close are modeled by a structure graph. This graph is matched with model graphs learned for this purpose. The graph matching technique relies on a specific cost function that integrates the feature dissimilarities. The matching results are exploited to correct the mislabeling errors and then validate the entity recognition task. The system evaluation on three datasets which treat different kind of entities shows a variation between 88.3% and 95% for recall and 94.3% and 95.7% for precision.
Segmentation of Rectangular Objects Lying on an Unknown Background in a Small Preview Scan Image

We describe a method to segment rectangular objects that lie on a slightly textured background of an a-priori unknown colour. Our contribution consists of a fast and accurate background colour approximation method, a set of heuristics for accurate detection of rectangle sides, and procedures to generate imprecise hypotheses of rectangles, adjust hypotheses to fit the rectangles in the image, and verify or reject the hypotheses. Our algorithm is capable of detecting overlapping and touching objects such as photos, receipts, and business cards on a very small-sized preview scan image (79 by 109 pixels) on a coloured/textured background.
The first linkage disequilibrium (LD) maps: Delineation of hot and cold blocks by diplotype analysis

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) provides information about positional cloning, linkage, and evolution that cannot be inferred from other evidence, even when a correct sequence and a linkage map based on more than a handful of families become available. We present theory to construct an LD map for which distances are additive and population-specific maps are expected to be approximately proportional. For this purpose, there is only a modest difference in relative efficiency of haplotypes and diplotypes: resolving the latter into 2-locus haplotypes has significant cost or error and increases information by about 50%. LD maps for a cold spot in 19p13.3 and a more typical region in 3q21 are optimized by interval estimates. For a random sample and trustworthy map the value of LD at large distance can be predicted reliably from information over a small distance and does not depend on the evolutionary variance unless the sample size approaches the population size. Values of the association probability that can be distinguished from the value at large distance are determined not by population size but by time since a critical bottleneck. In these examples, omission of markers with significant Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium does not improve the map, and widely discrepant draft sequences have similar estimates of the genetic parameters. The LD cold spot in 19p13.3 gives an unusually high estimate of time, supporting an argument that this relationship is general. As predicted for a region with ancient haplotypes or uniformly high recombination, there is no clear evidence of LD clustering. On the contrary, the 3q21 region is resolved into alternating blocks of stable and decreasing LD, as expected from crossover clustering. Construction of a genomewide LD map requires data not yet available, which may be complemented but not replaced by a catalog of haplotypes.
Bon : First Persian Stemmer

Stemmers are softwares that find syntactic` roots of the words. They play an important role in natural language processing and other fields such as information retrieval (IR). In IR using stemmed words instead of the original words, could increase as much as 15 percent to the overall performance. In this paper, we report on the development of the first Persian stemmer (Bon). Bon is tested on a collection of Persian texts in the domain of computer science. In our experiments, the recall has been improved by 40 percent.
Landmark point selection using clustering for data classification

This paper proposes a clustering landmark selection technique for Landmark Isomap (L-Isomap). L-Isomap randomly selects a set of points called landmark points from the data set, for computing the distance from the selected landmark points to all other non landmark points. Selection of the landmark points is crucial in proper representation of the data. The number of landmark points selected and the location of these points will be dependent on the data properties. The proposed method when compared with random L-Isomap and Isomap, performs well for different landmark points for different databases.
A multiband printed inverted-F antenna using current symmetry

A compact multiband antenna is presented, which consists of a planar inverted-F structure with two branches placed at key locations along the main radiating arm, and a microstrip-coupled slot in the ground plane. A systematic method for decoupling and increasing the tunability of the first and third-order resonant modes of the inverted-F antenna is applied. By identifying and utilizing surface-current symmetry in the third mode of a single-meander structure, a branch substitution is performed, thus enabling independent tuning of the third mode. This allows a third-to-first-order harmonic frequency ratio of less than 3:1 to be achieved. By incorporating two such branches on the main radiating arm, three separate electric resonances in the 920MHz, 1950MHz, and 2450MHz bands are achieved, while an additional complementary magnetic resonance is introduced at 2150MHz by adding a slot to the ground plane.
The Case for an Elderly Targeted Stroke Management

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The elderly, in whom atrial fibrillation (AF) is most prevalent, carry the greatest risk, undergoing more recurrent, deadlier strokes, with bigger deficits, slower recoveries, and more comorbidities. Evidence-based data on advanced age stroke management are scarce. Age-related cerebral changes might undermine the benefit of established stroke treatments. Nevertheless, the elderly should probably also undergo thrombolysis for ischemic stroke: they do not bleed more, and die not because of hemorrhage but of concomitant illnesses. Beyond natural bleeding risks, AF in advanced age has a high embolic potential if not anticoagulated. Standard or lower intensity warfarin anticoagulation prevents embolic stroke in the elderly with a hemorrhage risk even lower than aspirin. In fact, adverse effects seem to occur more often with aspirin. Excess anticoagulation hazards are prevented with lower starting doses, stricter corrections, more frequent International Normalized Ratio monitoring, and longer adjustment intervals. Validated prognostic scores such as CHADS2 help minimize bleeds. Direct inhibitors have recently shown a benefit similar to warfarin with fewer hemorrhages. Carefully tailoring antithrombotics to this age group is therefore useful. Antihypertensives probably help 80-plus stroke patients as well, but the risk/benefit of lowering blood pressure in secondary stroke prevention at that age is uncertain. Evidence-based data on diabetes management and use of lipid-lowering drugs are still lacking in this age group. In summary, emerging data suggest that stroke management should be specifically targeted to the elderly to better prevent its devastating consequences in the population at the highest risk.
Effective bond strength of current adhesive systems on deciduous and permanent dentin.

PURPOSE To evaluate the bond strength of a total-etching, self-priming system (Single Bond) and a self-etching system (Clearfil SE Bond) to deciduous and permanent human dentin. METHODS AND MATERIALS Buccal dentin discs were prepared with a diamond disc from permanent first premolars, permanent third molars and deciduous second molars. The flat dentin surfaces were obtained by polishing with wet 600 grit silicon carbide papers. The specimens of each group were further divided into two groups for bonding to either Single Bond or Clearfil SE Bond. After 24 hours, the microshear bond strength testing was executed on a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed at alpha = 0.05. RESULTS No significant differences in bond strength were found between materials. However, deciduous dentin demonstrated significantly lower bond strengths than permanent premolar dentin when Single Bond was applied (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The difference in bonding substrate (permanent or deciduous dentin) had a significant effect on bond strength when the total-etching, self-priming system was applied.
ISP-friendly peer matching without ISP collaboration

In peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, a receiver needs to be matched with multiple senders, because peers have limited capacity and reliability. Efficient peer matching can reduce the cost on Internet Service Providers (ISPs) for carrying the P2P traffic. We study the following peer-matching problem: given a set of potential senders, find the best subset of them that will minimize the transit cost on ISPs. This problem is fairly general and the proposed algorithms for solving it can be used in many P2P systems. We propose two ISP-friendly algorithms for solving this problem: ISPF and ISPF-Lite. These two matching algorithms leverage public available information, such as BGP tables, to infer the network topology, and to minimize the cost on ISPs. The inference algorithms, however, are fairly complex, and we propose optimization techniques to reduce the inference time and to lower the memory requirement. We use trace-driven simulations to show that the proposed algorithms outperform other popular matching algorithms by a large margin. Between the two proposed algorithms, ISPF results in better matching, but incurs higher complexity. Hence, we recommend ISPF if resources are not stringent, otherwise ISPF-Lite is recommended.
Juvenile Hormone Paces Behavioral Development in the Adult Worker Honey Bee

Behavioral development in the adult worker honey bee (Apis mellifera), from performing tasks inside the hive to foraging, is associated with an increase in the blood titer of juvenile hormone III (JH), and hormone treatment results in precocious foraging. To study behavioral development in the absence of JH we removed its glandular source, the corpora allata, in 1-day-old adult bees. The age at onset of foraging for allatectomized bees in typical colonies was significantly older compared with that of sham-operated bees in 3 out of 4 colonies; this delay was eliminated by hormone replacement in 3 out of 3 colonies. To determine the effects of corpora allata removal on sensitivity to changes in conditions that influence the rate of behavioral development, we used "single-cohort" colonies (composed of only young bees) in which some colony members initiate foraging precociously. The age at onset of foraging for allatectomized bees was significantly older compared with that of sham-operated bees in 2 out of 3 colonies, and this delay was eliminated by hormone replacement. Allatectomized bees initiated foraging at significantly younger ages in single-cohort colonies than in typical colonies. These results demonstrate that JH influences the pace of behavioral development in honey bees, but is not essential for either foraging or altering behavioral development in response to changes in conditions.