Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A priori estimates of the elution profiles of the pure components in overlapped liquid chromatography peaks using target factor analysis

molar absorptivity vectors (eigenspectra) and is calculated from eq 8. [C],,, is the set of abstract concentration vectors calculated by eq 9. Figure 2 shows a plot of [AI [QI = [CI abst (9 1 the abstract concentration vectors produced by decomposition of the raw data matrix [A] illustrated in Figure 1. The term “abstract” is used here to indicate that neither the abstract concentration vectors nor the abstract eigenspectra represent physically meaningful quantities. Unfortunately, the abstract matrices are related to the real matrices through an unknown, nonorthogonal rotation. The remaining problem is to find the best transformation matrix [TI, which rotates the abstract 208 J . Chem. In$ Comput. Sci., Vol. 24, No. 4, 1984 absorption and concentration matrices to an estimate of their real form according to [Clre., = [CIabst[Tl (10) [El real = [TI-’ [El abst (1 1)
Effect of trenbolone acetate plus estradiol on transcriptional regulation of metabolism pathways in bovine liver

Abstract Background: The use of anabolic steroids is forbidden for food producing animals in the EU. Owing to the advantages of anabolics for production profitability, illegal application is appealing. Anabolics are known to influence gene expression of several tissues. We focused on the liver because of its important role in nutrient and hormone metabolism. The aim of the present study was to find differentially regulated metabolic pathways, which might be used as treatment biomarkers. Material and methods: A total of 18 Nguni heifers were allocated equally to a control group and a treatment group and were implanted with Revalor H. Expression of 34 target genes was measured using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: Upregulation of androgen receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and downregulation of IGF-2, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, steroid hormone binding globulin, insulin receptor α, insulin receptor β, tyrosine aminotransferase, 17β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase 2,3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzym-A-synthase, cathepsin B, hepatocyte growth factor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, apolipoprotein 2 and tumor necrosis factor α was demonstrated. Conclusion: Several biochemical pathways showed different regulations on mRNA level under the influence of trenbolone acetate plus estradiol. The inhibition of nutrient metabolism and protein breakdown seems to support growth processes. IGF-1 plays an important role in growth and development and thus the upregulation of IGF-1 could be responsible for the stimulation of growth in treated animals. The upregulation of IGF-1 could also be revealed as a possible risk factor for the generation of artherosclerotic plaques, which are known as long-term side effects following the use of anabolic steroids. Principal components analysis of RT-qPCR results showed that both groups arrange together and can be clearly separated. Therefore, these might be used as possible biomarkers in bovine liver.
High temperature wear performance of Ti–6.5Al–3.5Mo–1.5Zr–0.3Si alloy subjected to laser shock peening

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the influence of laser shock peening (LSP) parameters on surface integrities and high temperature wear performances of Ti–6.5Al–3.5Mo–1.5Zr–0.3Si alloy. Surface integrities include surface roughness, residual stress and micro-hardness are measured. High temperature wear performance of TC11 alloy with and without LSP are investigated. The results indicate that multiple LSP impacts can improve surface micro-hardness and induce compressive residual stress in the surface layer. Moreover, the friction coefficient and wear rate of TC11 alloy significantly decrease after LSP with optimised parameters. The improved wear performance is ascribed to the low surface roughness, higher surface micro-hardness and compressive residual stress induced by multiple LSP impacts in the surface layer.
AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION OF ANIMAL USING VISUAL AND MOTION SALIENCY

This paper examines the problem of detecting various types of animals in video sequence taken in the wild. Animal detection is useful in prevention of animal- vehicle accidents and will increase human and wildlife safety. We propose a fully automated method for detecting large animals before they enter the road and warn the driver through audio and visual signals, this also helps in saving crops in farm from animals. The proposed framework aims to automatically extract foreground objects of interest without any user interaction or the use of any training data (i.e., not limited to any particular type of object). To separate foreground and background regions within and across video frames, the proposed method utilizes visual and motion saliency information extracted from the input video. A conditional random field is applied to effectively combine the saliency induced features, which allows us to deal with unknown pose and scale variations of the foreground object (and its articulated parts). Based on the ability to preserve both spatial continuity and temporal consistency in the proposed VOE framework, experiments on a variety of videos verify that our method is able to produce quantitatively and qualitatively satisfactory VOE results. Neural network is used to find the animal type.
Individual differences in a spatial-semantic virtual environment

This article presents two studies concerning the role of individual differences in searching through a spatial-semantic virtual environment. In the first study, 10 subjects searched for two topics through a spatial user interface of a semantic space. A strong positive correlation was found between associative memory (MA-1) and search performance (r = 0.855, p = 0.003), but no significant correlation was found between visual memory (MV-1) and search performance. In the second study, 12 subjects participated in a within-subject experimental design. The same spatial user interface and a simple textual user interface were used. The effects of spatial ability (VZ-2), associative memory (MA-1), and on-line experience were tested on a set of interrelated search performance scores. A statistically significant main effect of on-line experience was found, F(6, 4) = 6.213, p = 0.049, two-tailed. In particular, on-line experience has a significant effect on the recall scores with the textual interface. Individuals experienced in on-line search are more likely to have a higher recall score with the textual interface than less experienced individuals. No significant main effects were found for spatial ability and associative memory. Subjects' comments suggest a potentially complex interplay between individuals' mental models and the high-dimensional semantic model. Qualitative and process-oriented studies are, therefore, called for to reveal the complex interaction between individuals' cognitive abilities, domain knowledge, and direct manipulation skills. A recommendation is made that spatial-semantic models should be adaptable to suit individuals and tasks at various levels.
The Arrival of the Frequent: How Bias in Genotype-Phenotype Maps Can Steer Populations to Local Optima

Genotype-phenotype (GP) maps specify how the random mutations that change genotypes generate variation by altering phenotypes, which, in turn, can trigger selection. Many GP maps share the following general properties: 1) The total number of genotypes is much larger than the number of selectable phenotypes; 2) Neutral exploration changes the variation that is accessible to the population; 3) The distribution of phenotype frequencies , with the number of genotypes mapping onto phenotype , is highly biased: the majority of genotypes map to only a small minority of the phenotypes. Here we explore how these properties affect the evolutionary dynamics of haploid Wright-Fisher models that are coupled to a random GP map or to a more complex RNA sequence to secondary structure map. For both maps the probability of a mutation leading to a phenotype scales to first order as , although for the RNA map there are further correlations as well. By using mean-field theory, supported by computer simulations, we show that the discovery time of a phenotype similarly scales to first order as for a wide range of population sizes and mutation rates in both the monomorphic and polymorphic regimes. These differences in the rate at which variation arises can vary over many orders of magnitude. Phenotypic variation with a larger is therefore be much more likely to arise than variation with a small . We show, using the RNA model, that frequent phenotypes (with larger ) can fix in a population even when alternative, but less frequent, phenotypes with much higher fitness are potentially accessible. In other words, if the fittest never ‘arrive’ on the timescales of evolutionary change, then they can't fix. We call this highly non-ergodic effect the ‘arrival of the frequent’.
Bone morphogenetic protein dominantly suppresses epidermal growth factor-induced proliferative expansion of adult forebrain neural precursors

A single asymmetric division by an adult neural stem cell (NSC) ultimately generates dozens of differentiated progeny, a feat made possible by the proliferative expansion of transit-amplifying progenitor cells (TAPs). Although NSC activation and TAP expansion is determined by pro- and anti-proliferative signals found within the niche, remarkably little is known about how these cells integrate simultaneous conflicting signals. We investigated this question focusing on the subventricular zone (SVZ) niche of the adult murine forebrain. Using primary cultures of SVZ cells, we demonstrate that Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-2 are particularly powerful pro- and anti-proliferative factors for SVZ-derived neural precursors. Dose-response experiments showed that when simultaneously exposed to both signals, BMP dominantly suppressed EGF-induced proliferation; moreover, this dominance extended to all parameters of neural precursor behavior tested, including inhibition of proliferation, modulation of cell cycle, promotion of differentiation, and increase of cell death. BMP's anti-proliferative effect did not involve inhibition of mTORC1 or ERK signaling, key mediators of EGF-induced proliferation, and had distinct stage-specific consequences, promoting TAP differentiation but NSC quiescence. In line with these in vitro data, in vivo experiments showed that exogenous BMP limits EGF-induced proliferation of TAPs while inhibition of BMP-SMAD signaling promotes activation of quiescent NSCs. These findings clarify the stage-specific effects of BMPs on SVZ neural precursors, and support a hierarchical model in which the anti-proliferative effects of BMP dominate over EGF proliferation signaling to constitutively drive TAP differentiation and NSC quiescence.
Machine Learning for Social Media Analytics

The rise of the blogosphere has empowered the average consumer to influence the public perception and profitability of brands. As such, marketing organizations need to be aware of what people are saying in influential blogs, how the expressed opinions could impact their business, and how to extract business insight and value from these blogs. This has given rise to the emerging discipline of Social Media Analytics, which draws from Social Network Analysis, Machine Learning, Data Mining, Information Retrieval, and Natural Language Processing. The automated analysis of blogs and other social media raises several interesting challenges, which we address below.
Antioxidant and Antiradical Activity of Coffee

This review summarizes published information concerning the determination of antioxidant activity (AA) in coffee samples by various methods (ORAC, FRAP, TRAP, TEAC, etc.) in vitro and limited data of antiradical activity of coffee products in vitro and in vivo. Comparison is carried out of the AA of coffee Arabica and coffee Robusta roasted at different temperatures as well as by different roasting methods (microwave, convection, etc.). Data on the antiradical activity of coffee is provided. The antioxidant activity of coffee, tea, cocoa, and red wine is compared. At the end of this review, the total antioxidant content (TAC) of coffee samples from 21 coffee-producing countries as measured by an amperometric method is provided. The TAC of green and roasted coffee beans is also compared.
Natural history of sensory nerve recovery after cutaneous nerve injury following foot and ankle surgery

Cutaneous nerve injury is the most common complication following foot and ankle surgery. However, clinical studies including long-term follow-up data after cutaneous nerve injury of the foot and ankle are lacking. In the current retrospective study, we analyzed the clinical data of 279 patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery. Subjects who suffered from apparent paresthesia in the cutaneous sensory nerve area after surgery were included in the study. Patients received oral vitamin B 12 and methylcobalamin. We examined final follow-up data of 17 patients, including seven with sural nerve injury, five with superficial peroneal nerve injury, and five with plantar medial cutaneous nerve injury. We assessed nerve sensory function using the Medical Research Council Scale. Follow-up immediately, at 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 9 months, and 1 year after surgery demonstrated that sensory function was gradually restored in most patients within 6 months. However, recovery was slow at 9 months. There was no significant difference in sensory function between 9 months and 1 year after surgery. Painful neuromas occurred in four patients at 9 months to 1 year. The results demonstrated that the recovery of sensory function in patients with various cutaneous nerve injuries after foot and ankle surgery required at least 6 months.
Structural genomics reveals EVE as a new ASCH/PUA‐related domain

We report on several proteins recently solved by structural genomics consortia, in particular by the Northeast Structural Genomics consortium (NESG). The proteins considered in this study differ substantially in their sequences but they share a similar structural core, characterized by a pseudobarrel five‐stranded beta sheet. This core corresponds to the PUA domain‐like architecture in the SCOP database. By connecting sequence information with structural knowledge, we characterize a new subgroup of these proteins that we propose to be distinctly different from previously described PUA domain‐like domains such as PUA proper or ASCH. We refer to these newly defined domains as EVE. Although EVE may have retained the ability of PUA domains to bind RNA, the available experimental and computational data suggests that both the details of its molecular function and its cellular function differ from those of other PUA domain‐like domains. This study of EVE and its relatives illustrates how the combination of structure and genomics creates new insights by connecting a cornucopia of structures that map to the same evolutionary potential. Primary sequence information alone would have not been sufficient to reveal these evolutionary links. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Micro-Scale Electron Beam Generation Using Pyroelectric Crystals

Novel laser-powered acceleration structures currently under development, which have dimensions comparable to optical wavelengths and can be constructed on a silicon wafer, require injection of a sub-micron-scale electron bunch to achieve high-quality, monoenergetic output beams. A potential injection mechanism for such micro-scale beams relies on field emission from a nanotip array, followed by acceleration to near-relativistic energies. We demonstrate field emission of electrons from a lithium niobate crystal during heating and cooling, and describe the production of electrons within a hollow channel along the axis of a lithium niobate crystal. Measurements of emitted beam properties are compared with direct measurements of crystal fields under comparable conditions and modeled mathematically.
The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in hypertension.

A 50-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension was admitted to Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston for entry into a clinical research protocol involving hemodynamic responses to angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blockade. She presented to a local emergency room with severe headache at the age of 40. Her blood glucose at that time exceeded 800 mg/dL. After 1 year of failed therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin therapy was initiated. Her blood sugar control has been fair; she complains of twice nightly nocturia. She also has a burning and tingling neuropathy in her hands and feet, and she suffers from migraines related to stress. The patient’s mother and father both died from complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. One of her five siblings has diabetes that is treated with oral medications. The patient has three children who are well. The medical history is significant for hypertriglyceridemia and asthma; the most recent episode was 8 years ago. She also has angina. Thallium perfusion imaging was
Decoding the XXI Century's Marketing Shift: An Agency Theory Framework

Since the beginning of the XXI century, marketing theory has moved through a series of epistemological shifts from modern positivism to postmodern constructivism. This has resulted in a series of changes to the main concepts of “traditional” marketing such as: market, product, customer, and value. These shifts can be better viewed under a social cybernetics approach such as agency theory. This is because there is now a view that the linear concept of value creation needs to give way to the more complex process of value cocreation, where value is created collectively. Agency theory is one approach that is able to shed light on how customers and providers are able to recursively create collective value during interaction in a market. The theoretical framework provided here is able to provide improved understanding of the interactions betfween (and among) customers and providers in the value cocreation process. In this theory, value cocreation is depicted as an interactive process between a set of “living system” agencies (providers and customers) in a given market arena. The framework can be an effective tool for the managers involved in marketing to contribute to providers’ policies by supplying a clearer portrait of the systemic relations involved in the value cocreation dynamics.
"The forest through the trees...".

U.S. stocks have soared over 250 percent since their March 2009 lows. There has been plenty to worry about since the Great Recession such as Fed policy, Brexit, N. Korea, and political turbulence just to name a few. Yet, investors who stayed the course these last eight years have been rewarded as worries often haven’t materialized. In this edition of Market Monthly, we continue to focus on big picture opportunities (the forest) and remain undistracted by worries (the trees). Successful investors proactively confront challenges and march on. As we exit this traditionally weak calendar season for stocks and enter the historically positive fourth quarter, we remain optimistic as we prepare for 2018.
Complete mitochondrial genome of the Trichogaster microlepis (Anabantoidei: Osphronemidae)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of Trichogaster microlepis was determined in this study. It is 16,435 bp in size and consists of 2 rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes and a non-coding control region (D-loop). The overall base composition of the heavy strand of the T. microlepis mitochondrial genome is A: 29.50%, T: 28.38%, C: 26.62%, and G: 15.49%. The total length of the 13 protein-coding genes was 11,427 bp. This study provides an important data set for the phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses of the Trichogaster species.
XML-based information mediation with MIX

The MIX mediator system, MIX<italic>m</italic>, is developed as part of the MIX Project at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, and the University of California, San Diego. <supscrpt>1</supscrpt> MIX<italic>m</italic> uses XML as the common model for data exchange. Mediator views are expressed in XMAS (<italic>XML Matching And Structuring Language</italic>), a declarative XML query language. To facilitate user-friendly query formulation and for optimization purposes, MIX<italic>m</italic> employs XML DTDs as a structural description (in effect, a “schema”) of the exchanged data. The novel features of the system include:<list><item>Data exchange and integration solely relies on XML, i.e., instance and schema information is represented by XML documents and XML DTDs, respectively. XML queries are denoted in XMAS, which builds upon ideas of languages like XML-QL, MSL, Yat, and UnQL. Additionally, XMAS features powerful grouping and order constructs for generating new integrated XML “objects” from existing ones. </item><item>The graphical user interface BBQ (<italic>Blended Browsing and Querying</italic>) is driven by the mediator view DTD and integrates browsing and querying of XML data. Complex queries can be constructed in an intuitive way, resembling QBE. Due to the nested nature of XML data and DTDs, BBQ provides graphical means to specify the nesting and grouping of query results. </item><item>Query evaluation can be demand-driven, i.e., by the user's navigation into the mediated view. </item></list>
Detecting Phylogenetic Footprint Clusters by Optimizing Barbeques

Taking a geometric view on a problem occurring in the context of phylogenetic footprinting, we study the so-called Best Barbeque Problem. The Best Barbeque Problem asks for simultaneously stabbing a maximum number of differently colored intervals from K arrangements of colored intervals. This geometric problem leads to a combinatorial optimization problem, a decision version of which is shown to be NPcomplete. Due to its relevance in biological applications, we propose algorithmic variations that are suitable for detecting footprint clusters in some real world instances of phylogenetic footprints.
Spherical Visibility Sampling

Many 3D scenes (e.g. generated from CAD data) are composed of a multitude of objects that are nested in each other. A showroom, for instance, may contain multiple cars and every car has a gearbox with many gearwheels located inside. Because the objects occlude each other, only few are visible from outside. We present a new technique, Spherical Visibility Sampling (SVS), for real‐time 3D rendering of such – possibly highly complex – scenes. SVS exploits the occlusion and annotates hierarchically structured objects with directional visibility information in a preprocessing step. For different directions, the directional visibility encodes which objects of a scene's region are visible from the outside of the regions' enclosing bounding sphere. Since there is no need to store a separate view space subdivision as in most techniques based on preprocessed visibility, a small memory footprint is achieved. Using the directional visibility information for an interactive walkthrough, the potentially visible objects can be retrieved very efficiently without the need for further visibility tests. Our evaluation shows that using SVS allows to preprocess complex 3D scenes fast and to visualize them in real time (e.g. a Power Plant model and five animated Boeing 777 models with billions of triangles). Because SVS does not require hardware support for occlusion culling during rendering, it is even applicable for rendering large scenes on mobile devices.