Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LET-99 opposes Gα/GPR signaling to generate asymmetry for spindle positioning in response to PAR and MES-1/SRC-1 signaling

G-protein signaling plays important roles in asymmetric cell division. In C. elegans embryos, homologs of receptor-independent G protein activators, GPR-1 and GPR-2 (GPR-1/2), function together with Gα (GOA-1 and GPA-16) to generate asymmetric spindle pole elongation during divisions in the P lineage. Although Gα is uniformly localized at the cell cortex, the cortical localization of GPR-1/2 is asymmetric in dividing P cells. In this report, we show that the asymmetry of GPR-1/2 localization depends on PAR-3 and its downstream intermediate LET-99. Furthermore, in addition to its involvement in spindle elongation, Gα is required for the intrinsically programmed nuclear rotation event that orients the spindle in the one-cell. LET-99 functions antagonistically to the Gα/GPR-1/2 signaling pathway, providing an explanation for how Gα-dependent force is regulated asymmetrically by PAR polarity cues during both nuclear rotation and anaphase spindle elongation. In addition, Gα and LET-99 are required for spindle orientation during the extrinsically polarized division of EMS cells. In this cell, both GPR-1/2 and LET-99 are asymmetrically localized in response to the MES-1/SRC-1 signaling pathway. Their localization patterns at the EMS/P2 cell boundary are complementary, suggesting that LET-99 and Gα/GPR-1/2 signaling function in opposite ways during this cell division as well. These results provide insight into how polarity cues are transmitted into specific spindle positions in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of asymmetric cell division.
Quasi-adiabatic 2×2 Barrel Shifter

Demands for low power electronics have motivated designers to explore new approaches to VLSI circuits. The classical approaches of reducing energy dissipation in conventional CMOS circuits include reducing the supply voltages, node capacitances, and switching frequencies. Energy-recovery circuitry, on the other hand, is a new promising approach to the design of VLSI circuits with very low energy dissipation. Such circuits achieve low energy dissipation by restricting current to flow across devices with very low voltage drop and by recycling the energy stored on their capacitors. This paper analyzes the performance of Pass Transistor Adiabatic Logic (PAL) against that of static CMOS. A standard 2×2 Barrel Shifter is used as the benchmark circuit for comparison due to its modular design. The analysis is carried out in cadence design environment using 180nm technology using cell based design approach. The simulation is done at various operating voltages, frequencies, and load capacitances for each circuit family and technological node.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRAJECTORY CONTROL METHODOLOGIES FOR UNDERWATER FLEXIBLE RAYLEIGH ROBOT MANIPULATOR USING BOND GRAPH APPROACH

The use of underwater robotic manipulator has widened the reachability of human being for the various tasks and thus requires the addressing of various issues related to the underwater robotic manipulators. The comparison of trajectory control of flexible robotic manipulator using various controller is prime focus of this research paper. The controllers like PID, Overwhelming and PI are used to control the flexible robotic manipulator modelled as Rayleigh beam using the bond graph approach. It has been founded that overwhelming control strategy has been the best control strategy among the others under the stipulated testing environment.
Esg1, expressed exclusively in preimplantation embryos, germline, and embryonic stem cells, is a putative RNA‐binding protein with broad RNA targets

In our earlier attempt to identify genes involved in the maintenance of cellular pluripotency, we found that KH‐domain protein Embryonal stem cell‐specific gene 1 (Esg1) showed similar expression patterns to those of Oct3/4 (Pou5f1), whereas the forced repression of Oct3/4 in mouse embryonic stem cells immediately downregulated the expression of Esg1. Here we further confirm this overlap by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses. Both Esg1 transcript and protein exist in the egg and preimplantation embryos. At embryonic day 3.5, blastocyst stage, however, ESG1 protein was more abundant in the inner cell mass (ICM) than in trophectoderm (TE), whereas Esg1 transcript was detected in both the ICM and the TE, particularly in the polar trophectoderm. The presence of an RNA‐binding KH‐domain in ESG1 led us to search for and identify 902 target transcripts by microarray analysis of immunoprecipitated ESG1 complex. Interaction of 20 target mRNA with ESG1, including Cdc25a, Cdc42, Ezh2, Nfyc and Nr5a2, was further validated by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction of the immunoprecipitation material, supporting the notion that ESG1 is an RNA‐binding protein which associates with specific target transcripts.
Accurate single-trial detection of movement intention made possible using adaptive wavelet transform

The outlook of brain-computer interfacing (BCI) is very bright. The real-time, accurate detection of a motor movement task is critical in BCI systems. The poor signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of EEG signals and the ambiguity of noise generator sources in brain renders this task quite challenging. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel algorithm for precise detection of the onset of a motor movement through identification of event-related-desynchronization (ERD) patterns. Using an adaptive matched filter technique implemented based on an optimized continues Wavelet transform by selecting an appropriate basis, we can detect single-trial ERDs. Moreover, we use a maximum-likelihood (ML), electrooculography (EOG) artifact removal method to remove eye-related artifacts to significantly improve the detection performance. We have applied this technique to our locally recorded Emotiv® data set of 6 healthy subjects, where an average detection selectivity of 85±6% and sensitivity of 88±7.7% is achieved with a temporal precision in the range of -1250 to 367 ms in onset detections of single-trials.
A particle-based method for viscoelastic fluids animation

We present a particle-based method for viscoelastic fluids simulation. In the method, based on the traditional Navier-Stokes equation, an additional elastic stress term is introduced to achieve viscoelastic flow behaviors, which have both fluid and solid features. Benefiting from the Lagrangian nature of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, large flow deformation can be handled more easily and naturally. And also, by changing the viscosity and elastic stress coefficient of the particles according to the temperature variation, the melting and flowing phenomena, such as lava flow and wax melting, are achieved. The temperature evolution is determined with the heat diffusion equation. The method is effective and efficient, and has good controllability. Different kinds of viscoelastic fluid behaviors can be obtained easily by adjusting the very few experimental parameters.
MEMRISTOR – OLD HISTORY AND NEW DEVELOPMENT

A brief survey of the properties of a memristor and memristive systems as well as the latest achievements in this field are presented in the paper. The memristor was postulated as a fourth missing circuit element in 1971. It was only a theoretical concept for many years. In May 2008 Hewlett-Packard Labs discovered that the memristor could be realized physically and find new applications to electronic systems.
Applications of wavelets in morphometric analysis of medical images

Morphometric analysis of medical images is playing an increasingly important role in understanding brain structure and function, as well as in understanding the way in which these change during development, aging and pathology. This paper presents three wavelet-based methods with related applications in morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) brain images. The first method handles cases where very limited datasets are available for the training of statistical shape models in the deformable segmentation. The method is capable of capturing a larger range of shape variability than the standard active shape models (ASMs) can, by using the elegant spatial-frequency decomposition of the shape contours provided by wavelet transforms. The second method addresses the difficulty of finding correspondences in anatomical images, which is a key step in shape analysis and deformable registration. The detection of anatomical correspondences is completed by using wavelet-based attribute vectors as morphological signatures of voxels. The third method uses wavelets to characterize the morphological measurements obtained from all voxels in a brain image, and the entire set of wavelet coefficients is further used to build a brain classifier. Since the classification scheme operates in a very-high-dimensional space, it can determine subtle population differences with complex spatial patterns. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods.
Acquiring Authentic Data in Unattended Wireless Sensor Networks

An Unattended Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) can be used in many applications to collect valuable data. Nevertheless, due to the unattended nature, the sensors could be compromised and the sensor readings would be maliciously altered so that the sink accepts the falsified sensor readings. Unfortunately, few attentions have been given to this authentication problem. Moreover, existing methods suffer from different kinds of DoS attacks such as Path-Based DoS (PDoS) and False Endorsement-based DoS (FEDoS) attacks. In this paper, a scheme, called AAD, is proposed to Acquire Authentic Data in UWSNs. We exploit the collaboration among sensors to address the authentication problem. With the proper design of the collaboration mechanism, AAD has superior resilience against sensor compromises, PDoS attack, and FEDoS attack. In addition, compared with prior works, AAD also has relatively low energy consumption. In particular, according to our simulation, in a network with 1,000 sensors, the energy consumed by AAD is lower than 30% of that consumed by the existing method, ExCo. The analysis and simulation are also conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed AAD scheme over the existing methods.
On Sparse Variational Methods and the Kullback-Leibler Divergence between Stochastic Processes

The variational framework for learning inducing variables (Titsias, 2009a) has had a large impact on the Gaussian process literature. The framework may be interpreted as minimizing a rigorously defined Kullback-Leibler divergence between the approximating and posterior processes. To our knowledge this connection has thus far gone unremarked in the literature. In this paper we give a substantial generalization of the literature on this topic. We give a new proof of the result for infinite index sets which allows inducing points that are not data points and likelihoods that depend on all function values. We then discuss augmented index sets and show that, contrary to previous works, marginal consistency of augmentation is not enough to guarantee consistency of variational inference with the original model. We then characterize an extra condition where such a guarantee is obtainable. Finally we show how our framework sheds light on interdomain sparse approximations and sparse approximations for Cox processes.
LOCALITY-AWARE AND LOW MAINTENANCE OVERHEAD P 2 P SYSTEM

This work describes a novel locality-aware structured peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay network, referred to as LAPTOP. One important aspect of constructing a structured P2P network is how to reduce the maintenance overheads while maintaining efficient routing and network locality. LAPTOP organizes nodes into a treebased overlay network in a self-organizing manner and builds the routing table by taking network locality into account. The tree-based overlay network enables LAPTOP to utilize the parental relation to reduce the overheads of overlay maintenance. Moreover, LAPTOP adopts proximity neighbor selection (PNS) in the routing table construction to achieve low routing latency. Mathematical analysis and simulations are conducted to evaluate the efficiency and scalability of LAPTOP. The mathematical analysis performed here demonstrates that the routing table size of a node is bounded by logd N ×(d1), the routing path length is bounded by logd N, and the joining and leaving overhead is bounded by d logd N, where N denotes the number of nodes in the system and d represents the maximum degree of each node on the overlay tree. Our simulation results show that the average path stretch and routing path length are just 1.48 and 3.8, respectively, in a system of 100 000 nodes with a maximum degree of 16 . Compared to previous research, the proposed LAPTOP approach reduces overlay maintenance overheads while still providing efficient routing.
Novel consent process for research in dying patients unable to give consent

Abstract Objectives To develop a process of advance consent to enable research to be undertaken in patients in the terminal phase. Design Feasibility study of an advance consent process to support a randomised controlled trial of two antimuscarinic drugs (hyoscine hydrobromide and glycopyrronium bromide) in the management of noisy respirations associated with retained secretions (“death rattle”). Setting Palliative care wards in a major cancer centre. Participants Patients admitted to a palliative care ward who may develop “death rattle” and thus be eligible for randomisation. Main outcome measures Patient accrual; acceptability of the consent process. Results Of the 107 patients approached, 58 patients gave advance consent to participate in the study. Of these, 15 patients developed death rattle and were randomised to receive either hyoscine or glycopyrronium; 16 patients died elsewhere; 15 patients died on the palliative care wards but were not randomised; 12 patients are still alive. Conclusions Initial assessment suggests that this is a workable consent process allowing research to be undertaken in patients who are unable to give consent at the time of randomisation. Patient accrual rates to date are lower than needed to recruit adequate numbers in the time allotted to answer the research question.
A Reliable Link-Layer Protocol for Robust and Scalable Intervehicle Communications

Current link-layer protocols for safety-related intervehicle communication (IVC) networks suffer from significant scalability and security challenges. Carrier sense multiple-access approaches produce excessive transmission collisions at high vehicle densities and are vulnerable to a variety of denial of service (DoS) attacks. Explicit time slot allocation approaches tend to be limited by the need for a fixed infrastructure, a high number of control messages, or poor bandwidth utilization, particularly in low-density traffic. This paper presents a novel adaptation of the explicit time slot allocation protocols for IVC networks. The protocol adaptive space-division multiplexing (ASDM) requires no control messages, provides protection against a range of DoS attacks, significantly improves bandwidth utilization, and automatically adjusts the time slot allocation in response to changes in vehicle densities. This paper demonstrates the need for and the effectiveness of this new protocol. The exposures of the current proposals to attacks on availability and integrity, as well as the improvements effected by ASDM, are analytically evaluated. Furthermore, through simulation studies, ASDM's ability to provide message delivery guarantees is contrasted with the inability of the current IVC proposals to do the same
Concrete: A Per-layer Configurable Framework for Evaluating DNN with Approximate Operators

Approximate computing has drawn considerable attention to both academia and industry in the area of DNN hardware. Despite substantial efforts to design approximate circuits and building blocks, the resilience of DNN layers and structures remains an untapped field to explore. This paper presents an efficient framework to evaluate DNN resilience with fine-grained approximate operations, such as multipliers, adders and low-bit operators. The framework can execute large-scale approximate DNNs with relatively less time overhead. Massive experiments are conducted with the proposed framework to reveal the relationship between network structures and error tolerance. Additionally, a case study of fine-tuning the approximate DNN is presented.
Post-Mortem diagnosis of dementia by informant interview

The diagnosis of normal cognition or dementia in the Brazilian Brain Bank of the Aging Brain Study Group (BBBABSG) has relied on postmortem interview with an informant. Objectives To ascertain the sensitivity and specificity of postmortem diagnosis based on informant interview compared against the diagnosis established at a memory clinic. Methods A prospective study was conducted at the BBBABSG and at the Reference Center for Cognitive Disorders (RCCD), a specialized memory clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School. Control subjects and cognitively impaired subjects were referred from the Hospital das Clínicas to the RCCD where subjects and their informants were assessed. The same informant was then interviewed at the BBBABSG. Specialists’ panel consensus, in each group, determined the final diagnosis of the case, blind to other center’s diagnosis. Data was compared for frequency of diagnostic equivalence. For this study, the diagnosis established at the RCCD was accepted as the gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity were computed. Results Ninety individuals were included, 45 with dementia and 45 without dementia (26 cognitively normal and 19 cognitively impaired but non-demented). The informant interview at the BBBABSG had a sensitivity of 86.6% and specificity of 84.4% for the diagnosis of dementia, and a sensitivity of 65.3% and specificity of 93.7% for the diagnosis of normal cognition. Conclusions The informant interview used at the BBBABSG has a high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of dementia as well as a high specificity for the diagnosis of normal cognition.
Comparison of quadriceps and hamstrings activation ratio between healthy and anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed subjects

The aim of this study was to compare the ratio of activation of the vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles between healthy (CG) and anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed (ACL-R) subjects during gait. Nineteen subjects, ten from GC and nine from ACL-R, participated in the study. VL and BF activity was captured and the VL/BF ratio was obtained by dividing each point on the curve of the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris. This ratio was compared between the two groups using an unpaired t test (a = 0.05). Differences between the two groups were found (p <;0.05) in the initial double limb stance phase, representing the initial 10% of the gait cycle. There were no differences for the other gait phases (p <;0.05). It is concluded that the differences in ratio between knee extensors and flexors persist even one year after ACL reconstructions. These differences may be related to protective strategies to avoid excessive stress caused by the anterior shear of the tibia over the femur as a function of excessive vastus lateralis contraction. However, it is unknown whether this strategy has any relation to the risk of developing knee osteoarthritis in the future.
An Identity Based Aggregate Signature from Pairings

An aggregate signature is a useful digital signature that supports aggregation: Given n signatures on n distinct messages from n distinct users, aggregate signature scheme is possible to aggregate all these signature into a single short signature. This single signature, along with the n original messages will convince any verifier that the n users did indeed sign the n original messages respectively (i.e., for i=1,.,n user i signed message m i ). In this paper, we propose an identity based aggregate signature scheme which requires constant pairing operations in the verification and the size of aggregate signature is independent of the number of signers. We prove that the proposed signature scheme is secure against existential forgery under adaptively chosen message and identity attack in the random oracle model assuming the intractability of the computational Diffie-Hellman problem.
The Campylobacter jejuni CiaC virulence protein is secreted from the flagellum and delivered to the cytosol of host cells

Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Acute C. jejuni-mediated disease (campylobacteriosis) involves C. jejuni invasion of host epithelial cells using adhesins (e.g., CadF and FlpA) and secreted proteins [e.g., the Campylobacter invasion antigens (Cia)]. The genes encoding the Cia proteins are up-regulated upon co-culture of C. jejuni with epithelial cells. One of the Cia proteins, CiaC, is required for maximal invasion of host cells by C. jejuni. Previous work has also revealed that CiaC is, in part, responsible for host cell cytoskeletal rearrangements that result in membrane ruffling. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that CiaC is delivered to the cytosol of host cells. To detect the delivery of CiaC into cultured epithelial cells, we used the adenylate cyclase domain (ACD) of Bordetella pertussis CyaA as a reporter. In this study, we found that export and delivery of the C. jejuni Cia proteins into human INT 407 epithelial cells required a functional flagellar hook complex composed of FlgE, FlgK, and FlgL. Assays performed with bacterial culture supernatants supported the hypothesis that CiaC delivery requires bacteria-host cell contact. We also found that CiaC was delivered to host cells by cell-associated (bound) bacteria, as judged by experiments performed with inhibitors that specifically target the cell signaling pathways utilized by C. jejuni for cell invasion. Interestingly, the C. jejuni flgL mutant, which is incapable of exporting and delivering the Cia proteins, did not induce INT 407 cell membrane ruffles. Complementation of the flgL mutant with plasmid-encoded flgL restored the motility and membrane ruffling. These data support the hypothesis that the C. jejuni Cia proteins, which are exported from the flagellum, are delivered to the cytosol of host cells.