Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Versatile surface tension and adhesion for SPH fluids

Realistic handling of fluid-air and fluid-solid interfaces in SPH is a challenging problem. The main reason is that some important physical phenomena such as surface tension and adhesion emerge as a result of inter-molecular forces in a microscopic scale. This is different from scalar fields such as fluid pressure, which can be plausibly evaluated on a macroscopic scale using particles. Although there exist techniques to address this problem for some specific simulation scenarios, there does not yet exist a general approach to reproduce the variety of effects that emerge in reality from fluid-air and fluid-solid interactions. In order to address this problem, we present a new surface tension force and a new adhesion force. Different from the existing work, our surface tension force can handle large surface tensions in a realistic way. This property lets our approach handle challenging real scenarios, such as water crown formation, various types of fluid-solid interactions, and even droplet simulations. Furthermore, it prevents particle clustering at the free surface where inter-particle pressure forces are incorrect. Our adhesion force allows plausible two-way attraction of fluids and solids and can be used to model different wetting conditions. By using our forces, modeling surface tension and adhesion effects do not require involved techniques such as generating a ghost air phase or surface tracking. The forces are applied to the neighboring fluid-fluid and fluid-boundary particle pairs in a symmetric way, which satisfies momentum conservation. We demonstrate that combining both forces allows simulating a variety of interesting effects in a plausible way.
Integration processes of ordinary differential equations based on Laguerre-Radau interpolations

In this paper, we propose two integration processes for ordinary differential equations based on modified Laguerre-Radau interpolations, which are very efficient for long-time numerical simulations of dynamical systems. The global convergence of proposed algorithms are proved. Numerical results demonstrate the spectral accuracy of these new approaches and coincide well with theoretical analysis.
Universal algorithmic trading

The problem of universal sequential investment in stock markets is considered. We construct an algorithmic trading strategy that is asymptotically at least as good as any trading strategy that is not excessively complex and that computes the investment at each step using a fixed continuous function of the side information. This strategy uses predictions of stock prices computed using the theory of well-calibrated forecasting. Unlike in statistical theory, no stochastic assumptions are made about stock prices. The empirical results obtained on historical markets provide strong evidence that this type of technical trading can “beat” some generally accepted trading strategies if transaction costs are ignored.
Molecular basis of in vitro affinity maturation and functional evolution of a neutralizing anti-human GM-CSF antibody

X-ray structure analysis of 4 antibody Fab fragments, each in complex with human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), was performed to investigate the changes at the protein-protein binding interface during the course of in vitro affinity maturation by phage display selection. The parental antibody MOR03929 was compared to its derivatives MOR04252 (CDR-H2 optimized), MOR04302 (CDR-L3 optimized) and MOR04357 (CDR-H2 and CDR-L3 optimized). All antibodies bind to a conformational epitope that can be divided into 3 sub-epitopes. Specifically, MOR04357 binds to a region close to the GM-CSF N-terminus (residues 11–24), a short second sub-epitope (residues 83–89) and a third at the C-terminus (residues 112–123). Modifications introduced during affinity maturation in CDR-H2 and CDR-L3 led to the establishment of additional hydrogen bonds and van der Waals contacts, respectively, providing a rationale for the observed improvement in binding affinity and neutralization potency. Once GM-CSF is complexed to the antibodies, modeling predicts a sterical clash with GM-CSF binding to GM-CSF receptor α and β chain. This predicted mutually exclusive binding was confirmed by a GM-CSF receptor α chain ligand binding inhibition assay. Finally, high throughput sequencing of clones obtained after affinity maturation phage display pannings revealed highly selected consensus sequences for CDR-H2 as well for CDR-L3, which are in accordance with the sequence of the highest affinity antibody MOR04357. The resolved crystal structures highlight the criticality of these strongly selected residues for high affinity interaction with GM-CSF.
CSR AND FACETS OF VALUE CREATION: THE ROLE OF KEY MODERATORS

The value corporate social responsibility (CSR) creates for consumers still remains unexplored although its importance has been demonstrated in several contexts including pricing (Chang and Wildt 1994), retailing (Baker, Parasuraman, Grewal, and Voss 2002), and across cultures (Xiao and Kim 2009). Monroe (2003) argues that consumers would be willing to pay a higher price when they perceive a substantial value associated with making a purchase. In order to resolve many of the inconsistent findings in the CSR literature, such as the inconsistencies of CSR's ability to influence attitude (Sen, Bhattacharya, and Korschun 2006; Webb and Mohr 1998) and purchase intent (Mohr and Webb 2005; Trudel and Cotte 2009), it is necessary to explore which facets of perceived value consumers derive from CSR. However, without knowing what type of perceived value consumers gain from CSR, researchers and managers lack the information they need to understand why consumers are willing (or not willing) to pay a higher price in the context of CSR. The value created by CSR depends on the type of CSR activity that the company engages in (Peloza and Shang 2011). This study utilized cause-related marketing (CrM) as a type of CSR and proposed that it will influence consumers' values. Specifically, the value consumers derive from CrM will be moderated by perceptual and attitudinal factors. The perceptual factors examined in this study include the company's reputation, the authenticity of the CSR action, and the consumer's perceived personal role. The attitudinal factors included in the study are cynicism, moral disengagement, and consumer alienation. Two experiments were conducted, and the results show that an authentic CSR image accompanied with CrM influences consumers' esteem and spiritual values. This study also finds that consumer values of esteem and spirituality create favorable consumer responses. Finally, the consumer's perception that he or she has a personal role in impacting a cause enhances the value derived from CrM.
Risk Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE—Risk prediction models obtained in samples from the general population do not perform well in type 2 diabetic patients. Recently, 5-year risk estimates were proposed as being more accurate than 10-year risk estimates. This study presents a diabetes-specific equation for estimation of the absolute 5-year risk of first incident fatal/nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetic patients with use of A1C and clinical characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The study was based on 11,646 female and male patients, aged 18–70 years, from the Swedish National Diabetes Register with 1,482 first incident CVD events based on 58,342 person-years with mean follow-up of 5.64 years. RESULTS—This risk equation incorporates A1C, as in the UK Prospective Diabetes Study risk engine, and several clinical characteristics: onset age of diabetes, diabetes duration, sex, BMI, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and antihypertensive and lipid-reducing drugs. All predictors included were associated with the outcome (P < 0.0001, except for BMI P = 0.0016) with Cox regression analysis. Calibration was excellent when assessed by comparing observed and predicted risk. Discrimination was sufficient, with a receiver operator curve statistic of 0.70. Mean 5-year risk of CVD in all patients was 12.0 ± 7.5%, whereas 54% of the patients had a 5-year risk ≥10%. CONCLUSIONS—This more simplified risk equation enables 5-year risk prediction of CVD based on easily available nonlaboratory predictors in clinical practice and A1C and was elaborated in a large observational study obtained from the normal patient population aged up to 70 years.
Minimizing Virtual Channel Buffer for Routers in On-chip Communication Architectures

We present a novel methodology for design space exploration using a two-steps scheme to optimize the number of virtual channel buffers (buffers take the premier share of the router in a NoC) used to implement logical channels multiplexed across the physical channel in a router output port for QoS supported on-chip communication. In the first step, the number of virtual channels is minimized during the mapping of tasks to the NoC at the design time of a system on chip (SoC)for which we use a swarm intelligence-based ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. In the second step, a probabilistic approach based on the traffic model of the application is used to further minimize the number of virtual channels. We achieve on average 90.2% reduction in the number of virtual channels compared to a fixed state- of-the-art (i.e. QNoC) allocation for the E3S embedded application benchmark suit. The reduction depends on the designer and the QoS parameter, and it is dependent on the specific application driven traffic model. We demonstrate our design space exploration by means of a complete robot application and also extend our exploration by evaluating the E3S embedded application benchmark suit.
Nonlinear and Interactive Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Childhood Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Hefei, China

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is one of the major infectious diseases among children and remains a health threat, especially among Asian countries. Many epidemiologic studies suggested significant association of air temperature and humidity with childhood HFMD; however, evidence on the temperature effects on childhood HFMD in temperate cities is limited, and the interactive effects of temperature and humidity have not been studied yet. Methods: Daily counts of HFMD in children younger than 15 years of age and daily meteorologic variables during 2010 to 2012 were obtained in Hefei, China. A distributed lag nonlinear model was applied to estimate the potential nonlinear association between temperature and childhood HFMD. The interactive effects between temperature and humidity on childhood HFMD were also investigated. Results: Temperature rise was associated with higher risk of childhood HFMD. Within the incubation period of HFMD, temperature rise appeared to have the acute effects on childhood HFMD, and a 5°C increase of temperature at lag 0–6 days was associated with 24.8% (95% confidence interval: 11.94%–39.10%) increase of childhood HFMD. Females and children of 0–4 years of agewere more vulnerable to temperature rise. Notably, there were obvious combined effects between temperature and humidity on childhood HFMD—the risk of childhood HFMD elevated at higher temperature and humidity level. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that temperature and humidity may jointly affect childhood HFMD, and such interactive impact needs to be considered when evaluating the temperature–childhood HFMD relationship.
Impact of Chinese Vernacular Medium of Instruction on Unity in Multi-Ethnic Malaysia

Malaysia is a multiethnic and multilingual nation. In order to meet this diversity, Malaysia has developed an educational system with different languages as the medium of instruction (MOI). From the Razak Report to the Rahman Talib Report and the 1961 Education Act, Malay or Bahasa Melayu (BM) has been instituted as the national language and the MOI in national schools, with the aim of promoting nation unity. However, in the case of the Chinese vernacular schools, Mandarin is the MOI. Such a difference in MOI for the two different school systems has allowed educationists and non-educationists alike to fault the Chinese vernacular schools as an obstacle to racial unity. How valid and reliable is this accusation? In contrast, Chinese educationists feel it is of utmost importance to preserve their mother tongue (Mandarin) based education. Therefore, this paper will unravel how Chinese medium schools impact on unity or the lack of it among the students via interviews and a questionnaire adapted from Fazilah, Noraziah, Zaharah, Mansor, and Azizah (2009). The findings have revealed that the students’ ethnicity and national identity are best portrayed by Mandarin because of its strong association with their Chinese roots. In addition, Mandarin is also the students’ language of choice both inside and outside the classroom, which seems to suggest the absence of a sense of unity among them.
Intelligent menu planning: recommending set of recipes by ingredients

With the growth of recipe sharing services, online cooking recipes associated with ingredients and cooking procedures are available. Many recipe sharing sites have devoted to the development of recipe recommendation mechanism. However, there is a need for users to plan menu of meals by ingredients. While most research on food related research has been on recipe recommendation and retrieval, little research has been done on menu planning. In this paper, we investigate an intelligent menu planning mechanism which recommending sets of recipes by user-specified ingredients. Those recipes which are well-accompanied and contain the query ingredients are returned. We propose a graph-based algorithm for menu planning. The proposed approach constructs a recipe graph to capture the co-occurrence relationships between recipes from collection of menus. A menu is generated by approximate Steiner Tree Algorithm on the constructed recipe graph. Evaluation of menu collections from Food.com shows that the proposed approach achieves encouraging results.
Temporally Specified Genetic Ablation of Neurogenesis Impairs Cognitive Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury

Significant spontaneous recovery occurs after essentially all forms of serious brain injury, although the mechanisms underlying this recovery are unknown. Given that many forms of brain injury such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) induce hippocampal neurogenesis, we investigated whether these newly generated neurons might play a role in recovery. By modeling TBI in transgenic mice, we determined that injury-induced newly generated neurons persisted over time and elaborated extensive dendritic trees that stably incorporated themselves throughout all neuronal layers of the dentate gyrus. When we selectively ablated dividing stem/progenitors at the time of injury with ganciclovir in a nestin–HSV–TK transgenic model, we eliminated injury-induced neurogenesis and subsequently diminished the progenitor pool. Moreover, using hippocampal-specific behavioral tests, we demonstrated that only injured animals with neurogenesis ablated at the time of injury lost the ability to learn spatial memory tasks. These data demonstrate a functional role for adult neurogenesis after brain injury and offer compelling and testable therapeutic options that might enhance recovery.
Dilemmas in Scaling Up Innovations in Elementary Science Instruction With Nonmainstream Students

In the climate of standards-based instruction and accountability, scaling up educational innovations is necessary to bring about system-wide improvements. As a result of fundamental tensions involving effective educational policies and practices for diverse student groups, scaling up is especially challenging in multilingual, multicultural, and inner-city settings. In this article, grounded in the instructional congruence framework, the authors highlight the challenges facing schools and teachers in articulating science disciplines with nonmainstream students’ linguistic and cultural experiences while also promoting English language and literacy. Rigorous attention to such challenges is needed to make scaling up of educational interventions more effective and to answer the question of what constitutes “best policies and practices” for diverse student groups.
TSA downregulates Wilms tumor gene 1 (Wt1) expression at multiple levels

The Wilms tumor gene WT1 encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor that is inactivated in a subset of pediatric kidney cancers. During embryogenesis, WT1 is expressed in a time- and tissue-specific manner in various organs including gonads and kidney but also in the hematopoietic system. Although widely regarded as a tumor suppressor gene, wild-type WT1 is overexpressed in a variety of hematologic malignancies, most notably in acute lymphoblastic leukemia as well as myelodysplastic syndromes. Reduction of WT1 expression levels leads to decrease of proliferation and apoptosis of leukemic cells, suggesting that in certain contexts WT1 might act as an oncogene. We show here that histone deacetylase inhibitors like Trichostatin A (TSA) can promptly and dramatically downregulate Wt1 expression levels in different cell lines. This effect was mostly due to the cessation of transcription and was mediated by sequences located in intron 3 of Wt1. In addition, TSA also caused enhanced degradation of the Wt1 protein by the proteasome. This was at least in part due to induction of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBCH8. Thus, downregulation of Wt1 expression might contribute to the beneficial effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors that are currently used in clinical trials as cancer therapeutics.
Independent Transparency with Per-Pixel Linked Lists

This paper proposes a method for rendering scenes of both opaque and transparent objects. Transparency depends on the attenuation coefficient and the thickness of the transparent object we wish to render. To get the visible radiance, the volume rendering equation should be solved. Instead of marching a ray, we build a list that contains the intersection points of the ray and object surfaces. In the second phase of rendering, the GPU sorts and processes the lists and evaluates the attenuation integrals analytically, considering also the order of the segments. This solution is mathematically correct even if objects intersect, i.e. it does not involve drastic simplifications, and provides high framerates even on moderately complex scenes, outperforming previous methods. In addition to transparent objects, the technique is also appropriate to visualize natural phenomena represented by particle systems.
Professionalism and Moral Behavior: Does a Professional Self-Conception Make One More Unethical?

In this paper, I rely on recent literature on moral licensing and consequences of the amoral, rational, and impersonal and emotionally detached approaches to ethical decision-making to develop and empirically test the theoretical argument that professional self-conceptions lead individuals to engage in unethical behaviors. Four studies assessed this proposition. The results of Study 1 demonstrated that individuals assuming the role of a professional employee compared to a regular employee were more likely to act unethically. Study 2 showed that conceiving of oneself as a professional, and not the accessibility of the concept of professionalism, per se, was needed to increase unethical acts. Study 3 confirmed that participants’ professional self-conceptions mediated the effect of taking the role of a professional employee compared to a regular employee on increased unethical acts. Study 4, a survey study of working adults from different occupations, showed that membership in occupations traditionally associated with professions, compared to other occupations, led to higher unethical behaviors and that professional self-conceptions mediated the effect of occupational membership on unethical behaviors. Together, the results of these studies demonstrate that professional self-conceptions, either measured or manipulated, can increase individuals’ unethical behaviors. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
The Association between Changes in Health Status and Nursing Home Resident Quality of Life

PURPOSE Previous research on nursing home resident quality of life (QOL) has mainly been cross-sectional. This study examined the association between changes in QOL and changes in resident clinical factors. DESIGN AND METHODS A longitudinal study of resident QOL was conducted in two nursing homes. Self-report interviews using a multidimensional measure of QOL were linked with clinical data from the Minimum Data Set. Five waves of interviews were conducted at 6-month intervals. RESULTS Residents with one or more Stage II or higher pressure ulcers for two consecutive 6-month periods reported declines in autonomy, security, and spiritual well-being QOL domains; those with declines in physical disability reported declines in the dignity domain. Increases in depressive symptoms were associated with decreases in comfort, meaningful activities, and food enjoyment domains, and increases in pain were associated with decreases in functional competence and dignity domains. IMPLICATIONS There is evidence of an association between physical health and self-reported QOL. However, not every dimension of QOL exhibited the same pattern. Further research is needed on the link between specific clinical factors and aspects of QOL.
Activation of Fibroblast Procollagen α1(I) Transcription by Mechanical Strain Is Transforming Growth Factor-β-dependent and Involves Increased Binding of CCAAT-binding Factor (CBF/NF-Y) at the Proximal Promoter*

During normal developmental tissue growth and in a number of diseases of the cardiopulmonary system, adventitial and interstitial fibroblasts are subjected to increased mechanical strain. This leads to fibroblast activation and enhanced collagen synthesis, but the underlying mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. In this study, we have begun to identify and characterize mechanical strain-responsive elements in the rat procollagen α1(I) (COL1A1) gene and show that the activity ofCOL1A1 promoter constructs, transiently transfected into cardiac fibroblasts, was increased between 2- and 4-fold by continuous cyclic mechanical strain. This was accompanied by a ∼3-fold increase in the levels of total active transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) released into the medium. Inclusion of a pan-specific TGF-β neutralizing antibody inhibited strain-induced COL1A1promoter activation. Deletion analysis revealed the presence of two potential strain response regions within the proximal promoter, one of which contains an inverted CCAAT-box overlapping a GC-rich element. Both mechanical strain and exogenously added TGF-β1 enhanced the binding activity of CCAAT-binding factor, CBF/NF-Y, at this site. Moreover, this element was sufficient to confer strain-responsiveness to an otherwise unresponsive SV40 promoter. In summary, this study demonstrates that strain-induced COL1A1 promoter activation in cardiac fibroblasts is TGF-β-dependent and involves increased binding of CCAAT-binding factor at the proximal promoter. Furthermore, these findings suggest a novel and potentially important TGF-β response element in the rat COL1A1gene.