Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental Illness from the Perspective of Theoretical Neuroscience

Theoretical neuroscience, which characterizes neural mechanisms using mathematical and computational models, is highly relevant to central problems in the philosophy of psychiatry. These models can help to solve the explanation problem of causally connecting neural processes with the behaviors and experiences found in mental illnesses. Such explanations will also be useful for generating better classifications and treatments of psychiatric disorders. The result should help to eliminate concerns that mental illnesses such as depression and schizophrenia are not objectively real. A philosophical approach to mental illness based on neuroscience need not neglect the inherently social and historical nature of mental phenomena.
Differentiating bipolar spectrum disorders: The diagnostic utility of the BIS/BAS scales

Mian-Li Ong: Differentiating Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: The Diagnostic Utility of the BIS/BAS Scales (Under the direction of Eric A. Youngstrom) The present study examined discriminative validities of the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Approach System (BIS/BAS) scales in differentiating bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) from other disorders. Participants were youth recruited from a combination of community mental health center and university medical facility. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses tested the BIS/BAS scales in distinguishing between BSD-positive and BSD-negative youth. We calculated diagnostic likelihood ratios in keeping with recommendations from evidence-based medicine. Binary logistic regressions tested for incremental value in combining subscales. BAS subscales discriminated between participants with BSD-positive and BSD-negative diagnoses, with areas under the curve ranging from . 54 to . 64. The BIS/BAS scales achieved statistical significance in identifying cases with BSDs, but effect sizes for discriminative comparisons were too small to be clinically useful. Upgrading clinical training to: (a) include prevalence of BSDs and (b) teaching clinicians more evidence based assessment strategies is important to improve assessment and diagnosis of BSDs. iv To Eric and Jen Youngstrom, thank you for your support and continued guidance. To my family, thank you for making me the person I am today. Thank you Yen-Ling Chen and Carisa Ruiz for proofreading. And finally, to Merisa, my dearest: I could not have done this without your unyielding support and love.
A Symbol Grounding Model for Semantic Interpretation of 2-D Line Charts

Representing symbol grounding is a recurrent subject of discussion in knowledge-based vision systems. The \emph{symbol grounding problem} refers to the issue of connecting symbols of a symbol system to their low-level projections within perceptual input. In this paper, we present our ongoing efforts in formalizing an ontologically-founded, domain-independent visual knowledge model that allows one to represent the grounding relation between high-level domain entities and basic image features of 2-D line charts. The characterization of the grounding relations according its ontological status should provide a better criteria in deciding which domain entities can be grounded, improving reusability of our model in multiple interpretation domains and better structuring of the grounding relations. Additionally, we present an algorithm for visual interpretation using the proposed model. The framework of models and algorithm has been implemented in a visual interpretation system for Geology domain. One test case is shown as running example.
A proposal for describing services with DLs

Motivated by the semantic web application, we present a generic extension of description logics to describe actions. These actions can then be chained to service descriptions. A web page providing a service can be annotated with a description of this service, which can then be taken into account by agents searching for a web service. Besides syntax and semantics of this extension of DLs, we define and discuss inference problems which are useful to annotate web pages with a description of the service they provide.
On Ideal Lattices over the Tensor Product of Number Fields and Ring Learning with Errors over Multivariate Rings

The "Ring Learning with Errors" (RLWE) problem was formulated as a variant of the "Learning with Errors" (LWE) problem, with the purpose of taking advantage of an additional algebraic structure in the underlying considered lattices; this enables improvements on the efficiency and cipher expansion on those cryptographic applications which were previously based on the LWE problem. In Eurocrypt 2010, Lyubashevsky et al. introduced this hardness problem and showed its relation to some known hardness problems over lattices with a special structure. In this work, we generalize the results and the hardness problems presented by Lyubashevsky et al. to the more general case of multivariate rings, highlighting the main differences with respect to the security proof for the RLWE counterpart. We denote this hardness problem as "Multivariate Ring Learning with Errors" (m-RLWE or multivariate RLWE) and we show its relation to hardness problems over the tensor product of ideal lattices. Additionally, the m-RLWE problem is more adequate than its univariate version for cryptographic applications dealing with multidimensional structures.
In silico selection of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes with enhanced stress tolerance

Climate models predict increased occurrences of combined abiotic and biotic stress. Unfortunately, most studies on plant stress responses include single or double stress scenarios only. Recently, we established a multi-factorial system in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) to study the influence of simultaneously applied heat, drought, and virus. Our transcriptome analysis revealed that gene expression under multi-factorial stress is not predictable from single stress treatments. Combined heat and drought stress reduced expression of defense genes and genes involved in R-mediated disease responses, which correlated with increased susceptibility of Arabidopsis to virus infection. Eleven genes were found to be differentially regulated under all stress conditions. Assuming that regulated expression of these genes is important for plant fitness, Arabidopsis ecotypes were clustered according to their expression. Interestingly, ecotypes showing a close correlation to stressed Col-0 prior stress treatment showed improved growth under stress conditions. This result suggests a functional relevance of these genes in stress tolerance.
Application of Mixed Multinomial Logit Models in Urban Traffic Split of Hefei City

In this paper, logit models as well as mixed multinomial logit models(MMNL) were established to model traffic split. The properties of Johnson distribution bounded on both sides distribution was analyzed fisrt and it was found that Johnson distribution which are bounded on both sides can describe uniform preference factors better than normal and log- normal distribution. Based the residents' daily travel survey of Hefei city, a logit model and two distribution mixed logit model(MMNLl and MMNL2) with different restriction condition were established to model traffic mode split of a certain area, and the results indicats that MMNL2 is more fitable to explain the original data and more reasonable to describe uniform preference factors such as travel time. The sensitivity of the mixed logit model to transit travel time factor was also discussed in the paper, and the results shows that the implementation of bus priority policy make the passenger flow share of the bus get some increase which mainly comes from the bike users. Furthermore, mixed logit model is more reasonable to model traffic mode split due to its reasonable to describe uniform preference factors and no possession of IIA limitation.
Playing Vivaldi in Hyperbolic Space

Internet coordinate systems have emerged as an efficient method to estimate the latency between pairs of nodes without any communication between them. They avoid the cost of explicit measurements by placing each node in a finite coordinate space and estimating the latency between two nodes as the distance between their positions in the space. In this paper, we adapt the Vivaldi algorithm to use the Hyperbolic space for embedding. Researchers have found promise in Hyperbolic space due to its mathematical elegance and its ability to model the structure of the Internet. We attempt to combine the elegance of the Hyperbolic space with the practical, decentralized Vivaldi algorithm. We evaluate both Euclidean and Hyperbolic Vivaldi on three sets of real-world latencies. Contrary to what we expected, we find that the performance of the two versions of Vivaldi varies with each data set. Furthermore, we show that the Hyperbolic coordinates have the tendency to underestimate large latencies (> 100 ms) but behave better when estimating short distances. Finally, we propose two distributed heuristics that help nodes decide whether to choose Euclidean or Hyperbolic coordinates when estimating distances to their peers. This is the first comparison of Euclidean and Hyperbolic embeddings using the same distributed solver and using a data set with more than 200 nodes.
Individual allergens as risk factors for asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in Chinese children

The role of allergen sensitization in the development of asthma in the Chinese is not clear. This study aims to determine the relationship of sensitization to individual allergens, and the development of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in schoolchildren from three Chinese cities: Hong Kong, Beijing and Guangzhou. Community-based random samples of 10-yr-old schoolchildren from three Chinese cities were recruited for study using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase II protocol. Subjects were studied by parental questionnaires (n=10,902), skin-prick tests (n=3,479), and methacholine challenge tests (n=608). The prevalence rates of wheeze in the past 12 months (Hong Kong, 5.8%; Beijing, 3.8%; Guangzhou, 3.4%) and atopy (Hong Kong, 41.2%; Beijing, 23.9%; Guangzhou, 30.8%) were highest in schoolchildren from Hong Kong. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (odds ratio (OR)=4.48; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.02–6.66), cat (2.59; 1.67–4.03), Dermatophagoides farinae (2.41; 1.65–3.51) and mixed grass pollen (2.85; 1.24–6.50) were significantly associated with current wheeze. Atopy, defined as having ⩾1 positive skin-prick tests, was not an independent risk factor for current wheeze in children from any of the three cities. Furthermore, atopy (OR=2.53; 95% CI: 1.07–5.97), sensitization to cat (3.01; 1.39–6.52) and D. farinae (3.67; 1.93–6.97) were significantly associated with BHR. The authors confirmed that sensitization to house dust mite and cat was significantly associated with current wheeze and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in Chinese schoolchildren. However, the difference in the prevalence rate of atopic sensitization cannot explain the higher prevalence of childhood asthma in Hong Kong, when compared with those children from Beijing and Guangzhou.
Impulse sensitivity function analysis of periodic circuits

This paper describes an efficient method to characterize the impulse sensitivity function (ISF) of a periodic circuit via periodic AC (PAC) analysis. The paper extends the application of ISF from oscillators to other periodic circuits including flip-flops, latches, clocked comparators, and regenerative amplifiers, in order to characterize their important characteristics such as set-up and hold times, regeneration gain, metastability probability, and sampling aperture/bandwidth. Recognizing that the generalized ISF is a subset of a time-varying impulse response, the ISF is efficiently computed based on periodic time-varying system analysis techniques. Compared to the previous ISF characterization method based on transient simulations, a speed-up of ~5times is achieved.
Evaluating Rules Learned from Simulated Environments

We present preliminary results of study in which we used inductive learning to acquire search-control rules for planning. Using a simulator for a vehicle driving domain, we built example traces, executed them in simulation, and produced training examples for learning. Then, using a leaveone-trace-out methodology, we evaluated the J48 and CN2 learning algorithms on the tasks of determining whether the actions of staying in a lane and of changing lanes were valid or invalid. Results suggest that, in the simple scenarios considered, these learning algorithms acquired useful searchcontrol rules, and more importantly, that these rules generalized well to other driving situations.
Lifetime prediction for solder joints with the extended finite element method

Predicting the lifetime of solder joints undergoing thermal cycling is crucial for the electronics industry in order to guarantee a certain performance of their products in the field. Semi-empirical methods are often used to predict the average lifetime of the critical joints. However, to get a reliable failure probability the standard deviation must also be addressed. The deviation of the lifetime from the mean value is a consequence of the variation in microstructure found in actual joints. We therefore propose a new methodology that calculates crack growth based on microstructural features of the joint. A series of random microstructures is generated. Crack growth calculations are performed for each of these structures. The structural problem is solved numerically with the extended finite element method which allows a complete automation of the process. The mean crack length and standard deviation are calculated from the crack growth simulations and the result is compared to experimental data.
Dentoskeletal effects of Twin Block and Herbst appliances in patients with Class II division 1 mandibular retrognathy.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate dentoskeletal effects of Herbst and Twin Block (TB) appliance therapies in Skeletal Class II malocclusion. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Herbst group consisted of 11 girls and 9 boys (mean age = 12.74 ± 1.43 years), TB group comprised of 10 girls and 10 boys (mean age = 13.0 ± 1.32 years), and control group included 9 girls and 11 boys (mean age = 12.17 ± 1.47 years). Mean treatment/observation times were 15.81 ± 5.96 months for Herbst, 16.20 ± 7.54 months for TB, and 15.58 ± 3.13 months for control group. Pre-treatment (T0) and post-treatment (T1) lateral cephalograms were traced using a modified Pancherz's cephalometric analysis. Inter-group differences were evaluated with one-way analysis of variance, and intra-group differences were assessed with paired samples t-test at the P < 0.05 level. RESULTS In control group, all sagittal and vertical skeletal measurements increased as a result of continuing growth. However, skeletal discrepancy and overjet remained unchanged. After functional appliance therapy, greater increases were recorded in TB group for all mandibular skeletal measurements compared with those in control group. Upper dental arch distalization and lower incisor protrusion were significant in Herbst group, compared with control. All face height measurements increased after functional appliance therapy. IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS In TB group, the treatment effects were mainly due to mandibular skeletal changes. Both skeletal and dental changes contribute to Class II correction with Herbst appliance therapy. Herbst appliance may be especially useful in Skeletal Class II patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and mandibular dentoalveolar retrusion, whereas TB appliance may be preferred for skeletal mandibular retrognathy patients.
Design Principles and Guidelines for Security

Abstract : This report provides a distillation, synthesis and organization of key principles for the construction of secure computing systems, and supports the analysis with examples where needed for clarity. Our conclusions reflect a broad range of previous related work including the landmark study by Saltzer and Schroeder and several subsequent reports. We found that some of the early design principles required re-examination due to, for example, advances in performance and extensibility as well as the effects of various new technologies. We focus on a concise summary articulation of the principles as they apply to the development of the most elemental components of a basic security system. The results are organized into several major categories: structure, logic and function, system lifecycle, and lessons learned.
Enhanced optimization of field based routing for macro mobility in IEEE 802.11s mesh

IEEE 802.11s/g and Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are certainly one of the standard trends in next generation home, corporate and citywide wireless area network. Future success depends on their scalability, performance and energy efficient routing. In this paper, general Least Cost Routing (LCR) requirements and unique challenges in meeting these requirements with respect to the characteristics of this framework is presented. Field Based Routing (FBR) minimizes the amount of bandwidth that will be used to forward packets and do not include dynamism of wireless mobile node's velocity, congestion and the criticality of the link or channel diversity in the selection of the route in to account. Intelligent routing based on these factors, not only on quality of the path chosen but also on potential network load high nodes' mobility, is more completely addressed by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with FBR. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol “Enhanced Optimized Field Based Routing (EOFBR)” that allows each node to: (i) determine neighboring nodes' position, velocity and congestion in macro mobility, (ii) maintain LCR.
Watermarked Face Recognition Scheme to Enhance Security

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the solutions of face recognition security problem by deploying an appropriate watermarking scheme to a modified face recognition algorithm. The significance of the proposed work is therefore manifold. The suitability of the face recognition for authentication purposes has already been studied in the security community but the constant emergence of new techniques for face recognition calls for re-evaluation and reconsideration of some of those findings. Finally, this work might open up new avenues for further research in combining the biometric and watermarking techniques as other physiological or behavioral characteristic might be considered.
Redefining CpG islands using hidden Markov models.

The DNA of most vertebrates is depleted in CpG dinucleotide: a C followed by a G in the 5' to 3' direction. CpGs are the target for DNA methylation, a chemical modification of cytosine (C) heritable during cell division and the most well-characterized epigenetic mechanism. The remaining CpGs tend to cluster in regions referred to as CpG islands (CGI). Knowing CGI locations is important because they mark functionally relevant epigenetic loci in development and disease. For various mammals, including human, a readily available and widely used list of CGI is available from the UCSC Genome Browser. This list was derived using algorithms that search for regions satisfying a definition of CGI proposed by Gardiner-Garden and Frommer more than 20 years ago. Recent findings, enabled by advances in technology that permit direct measurement of epigenetic endpoints at a whole-genome scale, motivate the need to adapt the current CGI definition. In this paper, we propose a procedure, guided by hidden Markov models, that permits an extensible approach to detecting CGI. The main advantage of our approach over others is that it summarizes the evidence for CGI status as probability scores. This provides flexibility in the definition of a CGI and facilitates the creation of CGI lists for other species. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by generating the first CGI lists for invertebrates, and the fact that we can create CGI lists that substantially increases overlap with recently discovered epigenetic marks. A CGI list and the probability scores, as a function of genome location, for each species are available at http://www.rafalab. org.
Turf wars and corporate sponsorship: Challenges in the food system and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is the leading professional organization for registered dietitians (RDs)—globally—with over 75,000 members. Professional organizations are often overlooked in communication scholarship. However, the Academy offers a rich setting for researching occupational identities, health activism, and neoliberalism. I used semi-structured interviews to explore how taken-for-granted discourses, power relationships, and unquestioned norms are challenged, reinforced, and (re)constructed within the Academy. Specifically, this study analyzed two challenges to the Academy and the dietetics profession: claims to professional expertise and a debate surrounding the Academy’s corporate sponsorship. My findings suggest that the profession, which happens to be predominantly female, is struggling with issues of marginalization. RDs described their expertise through a rhetorical turf war—in which they defined themselves against nutritionists—to help elevate their profession. Further, I found that the Academy has a sub-group of health activists that are unified through their holistic approach to nutrition. These health activists attempted to address complaints about the Academy’s corporate sponsorship program but lacked a unified vision for their efforts. By researching the Academy, I hope to contribute new understandings about how professional organizations, discourses of expertise, and corporate sponsorship contribute and influence the public’s understandings of health and nutrition. While my results have practical and theoretical implications for RDs and the Academy, they also have broader implications for understanding power relationships and hidden discourses within our complex, dynamic food system.
A True Bayesian Estimate concept in LTE downlink scheduling algorithm

Demands for multimedia application have been raised in the current technology era. Multiple simultaneous users may be streaming video or using VoIP call. Thus a better solution to ensure the QoS satisfaction for LTE downlink needs to be designed. Existing algorithm such as Modified Largest Weighted Delay First (MLWDF) have been widely used to cope with the situation arise. Still the need to inquire a more focused multimedia scheduler is there. Incorporating one of the Bayesian elements, True Bayesian Estimate (TBE) is used for the key design of a new downlink scheduler. The simulation results shown that TBE have a more focused scheduling which resulted better throughput, lesser delay and lesser packet loss, for both video and VoIP compared to well-known MLWDF.
Study on Construction of Multinational Corporation's Global Learning Capability Based on Value Network

This article applies the knowledge-based theory of firm to discuss the firm’s learning capability, an original source of its competitive advantage in the era of knowledge economy. Multinational Corporation can enhance its global learning capability from the respective of the value network, a new strategic pattern adapting to the external knowledge economy environment. And the article also puts forward five measures for the multinational corporation to improve its global learning capability.