Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Travelling along a road with obstacles: Experiences of managing life to feel well while living with migraine

Living a life with migraine can impair one's sense of feeling well, and migraine is a disorder that is associated with substantial disability. Earlier research on how people manage their migraine has given important insight into these people's preventive actions and how they handle their attacks, but there is still a lack of knowledge of how persons with migraine manage their lives to feel well from a more holistic viewpoint. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore lived experiences of managing life to feel well while living with migraine. Nineteen persons with migraine were interviewed. A hermeneutic-phenomenological approach was used to explore their lived experiences. The findings reveal that persons with migraine not only used preventive strategies to abort and ease the consequences of migraine but also tried to amplify the good in life through increasing their energy and joy and through reaching peace with being afflicted with migraine. The findings of this study can encourage healthcare providers, as well as persons with migraine, to consider channeling their efforts into strategies aiming to amplify the good in life, including reaching peace of mind despite being afflicted.
Narcolepsy patients have antibodies that stain distinct cell populations in rat brain and influence sleep patterns

Significance Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disease with autoimmune origin. We explored occurrence of autoantibodies in narcolepsy and other sleep-related disorders (OSRDs) by screening human sera with immunohistochemistry on rat brains. Hypocretin/orexinergic neurons were not stained, but a prominent immunostaining pattern of hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons was overrepresented in cases of narcolepsy and OSRD patients. The autoantigen was identified as the common C-terminal epitope of neuropeptide glutamic acid-isoleucine/α–melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NEI/αMSH). Purified IgGs from a patient with MCH/POMC staining injected intracerebroventricularly to rats caused disturbed sleep patterns. Also, GABAergic cortical interneurons were stained with other narcolepsy and OSRD sera. Thus, autoantibodies are frequent in patients with sleep disorders, and NEI/αMSH may be a previously unidentified autoantigen involved in pathomechanism(s). These findings indicate possible diagnostic/therapeutic targets. Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder, likely with an autoimmune component. During 2009 and 2010, a link between A(H1N1)pdm09 Pandemrix vaccination and onset of narcolepsy was suggested in Scandinavia. In this study, we searched for autoantibodies related to narcolepsy using a neuroanatomical array: rat brain sections were processed for immunohistochemistry/double labeling using patient sera/cerebrospinal fluid as primary antibodies. Sera from 89 narcoleptic patients, 52 patients with other sleep-related disorders (OSRDs), and 137 healthy controls were examined. Three distinct patterns of immunoreactivity were of particular interest: pattern A, hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone and proopiomelanocortin but not hypocretin/orexin neurons; pattern B, GABAergic cortical interneurons; and pattern C, mainly globus pallidus neurons. Altogether, 24 of 89 (27%) narcoleptics exhibited pattern A or B or C. None of the patterns were exclusive for narcolepsy but were also detected in the OSRD group at significantly lower numbers. Also, some healthy controls exhibited these patterns. The antigen of pattern A autoantibodies was identified as the common C-terminal epitope of neuropeptide glutamic acid-isoleucine/α–melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NEI/αMSH) peptides. Passive transfer experiments on rat showed significant effects of pattern A human IgGs on rapid eye movement and slow-wave sleep time parameters in the inactive phase and EEG θ-power in the active phase. We suggest that NEI/αMSH autoantibodies may interfere with the fine regulation of sleep, contributing to the complex pathogenesis of narcolepsy and OSRDs. Also, patterns B and C are potentially interesting, because recent data suggest a relevance of those brain regions/neuron populations in the regulation of sleep/arousal.
The Role of the Right Anterior Prefrontal Cortex in Episodic Retrieval

Regional brain activity was measured with H(2) (15)O PET while participants attempted to complete word-stem and word-fragment retrieval cues with previously studied words. The retrieval cue manipulation was employed to gain control over the monitoring operations associated with evaluating the episodic status of alternative cue completions. These operations were more constrained for fragments, which had fewer possible completions than each corresponding stem. In one condition (zero target), during the scanning interval none of the cues could be completed with studied items, whereas in another condition (high target), 80% of cues belonged to studied items. Relative to baseline tasks, right anterior prefrontal activity was greater for stems than for fragments in the zero target condition. The target density manipulation did not modulate right anterior prefrontal activity, but was associated with increased activity in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These findings are consistent with the proposal that the right anterior prefrontal cortex supports monitoring operations during episodic retrieval tasks. In addition, the findings add to evidence suggesting that the dorsolateral and anterior right prefrontal cortex make functionally distinct contributions to episodic retrieval.
Low-Frequency Variants in HMGA1 Are Not Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Risk

It has recently been suggested that the low-frequency c.136–14_136–13insC variant in high-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) may strongly contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk. In our study, we attempted to confirm that HMGA1 is a novel type 2 diabetes locus in French Caucasians. The gene was sequenced in 368 type 2 diabetic case subjects with a family history of type 2 diabetes and 372 normoglycemic control subjects without a family history of type 2 diabetes. None of the 41 genetic variations identified were associated with type 2 diabetes. The lack of association between the c.136–14_136–13insC variant and type 2 diabetes was confirmed in an independent French group of 4,538 case subjects and 4,015 control subjects and in a large meta-analysis of 16,605 case subjects and 46,179 control subjects. Finally, this variant had no effects on metabolic traits and was not involved in variations of HMGA1 and insulin receptor (INSR) expressions. The c.136–14_136–13insC variant was not associated with type 2 diabetes in individuals of European descent. Our study emphasizes the need to analyze a large number of subjects to reliably assess the association of low-frequency variants with the disease.
Antioxidant and Anticlastogenic Capacity of Prickly Pear Juice

Plants belonging to the genus Opuntia spp. are the most abundant of the Cactaceae family, grown throughout America and the Mediterranean central area. Its fruit, known as cactus pear or prickly pear, is an oval berry grouped in different colors. Some studies have shown its antioxidant activities which may help in preventing chronic pathologies such as diabetes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of three varieties of prickly pear juice (red-purple, white-green and yellow-orange) in five different concentrations (100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/mL) by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) colorimetric method, selecting the best variety to determine its anticlastogenic potential against methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The results indicate that the highest antioxidant was found in the juice of the prickly pear red-purple variety (PPRP), in all concentrations. Its anticlastogenic potential was therefore evaluated with a micronucleus assay. The experiment was run over two weeks. A negative control was included along with a positive control with MMS (40 mg/kg), a group of mice treated with PPRP (25 mL/kg), and three groups with PPRP (in doses of 25, 16.5 and 8.3 mL/kg) plus the mutagen. The PPRP was administered daily by oral gavage and the MMS was injected intraperitoneally five days prior to the end of the experiment. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in order to determine the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPE). The results indicated that PPRP is not a genotoxic agent, on the contrary, it may reduce the number of MNPE. In this regard, the PPRP showed an anticlastogenic effect directly proportional to its concentrations. Thus, the highest protection was obtained with a concentration of 25 mL/kg after 48 h of treatment.
An application-oriented terminology evaluation: the case of back-of-the book indexes

This paper addresses the problem of computational terminology evaluation not per se but in a specific application context. This paper describes the evaluation procedure that has been used to assess the validity of our overall indexing approach and the quality of the IndDoc indexing tool. Even if user-oriented extended evaluation is irreplaceable, we argue that early evaluations are possible and they are useful for development guidance.
Event-based multimedia chronicling systems

This paper presents a new framework for multimedia electronic chronicling systems.Its approach uses events as its driving force for heterogeneous information processing. Specifically,this new approach . rst separates symbols and data, then puts events between them to make a distinct connection.In addition,this approach provides spatio-temporal- semantic relations networks to map high-level semantic user queries into low-level queries that a machine can compute. The innovative user interfaces are designed for ease of use and are interactive to allow organization of information and a search capability for information retrieval. The results reported as a part of this paper show that we can achieve effective chronicling and high-quality user experiences by coupling together multimedia analysis,tagging and querying. We believe that our system can serve as a semantically accessible annotated multimedia log.The approach taken here may provide a foundation to provide further summaries of important events or access to events at the required level of granularity.
Identification of Structural Parameters of Metal Fibre Concrete Using Magnetic Approach

Mechanical behaviour of concrete structures and their durability are conditioned by the reduction of cracking due to plastic and drying shrinkage and of permeability of concrete. This can be done using small metal particles, typically short steel fibres, randomly distributed in the concrete matrix. Since the technological requirements to the preparation and early-age treatment of such mixtures are rather demanding, some reliable a posteriori validation of expected solid material structure is needed. As alternatives to destructive testing, various low-invasive radiographic, electromagnetic, etc. approaches have been developed in the last decade. This paper demonstrates an original magnetic approach to the identification of volume fraction, macroscopic (in) homogeneity and orientation of particles in the matrix, using the Hall effect and the properties of solutions of the Laplace equation, as well as an advanced computational homogenization approach, coupled with the least-square based optimization technique.
Finding News Citations for Wikipedia

An important editing policy in Wikipedia is to provide citations for added statements in Wikipedia pages, where statements can be arbitrary pieces of text, ranging from a sentence to a paragraph. In many cases citations are either outdated or missing altogether. In this work we address the problem of finding and updating news citations for statements in entity pages. We propose a two-stage supervised approach for this problem. In the first step, we construct a classifier to find out whether statements need a news citation or other kinds of citations (web, book, journal, etc.). In the second step, we develop a news citation algorithm for Wikipedia statements, which recommends appropriate citations from a given news collection. Apart from IR techniques that use the statement to query the news collection, we also formalize three properties of an appropriate citation, namely: (i) the citation should entail the Wikipedia statement, (ii) the statement should be central to the citation, and (iii) the citation should be from an authoritative source. We perform an extensive evaluation of both steps, using 20 million articles from a real-world news collection. Our results are quite promising, and show that we can perform this task with high precision and at scale.
A stochastic model for the evolution of metabolic networks with neighbor dependence

MOTIVATION Most current research in network evolution focuses on networks that follow a Duplication Attachment model where the network is only allowed to grow. The evolution of metabolic networks, however, is characterized by gain as well as loss of reactions. It would be desirable to have a biologically relevant model of network evolution that could be used to calculate the likelihood of homologous metabolic networks. RESULTS We describe metabolic network evolution as a discrete space continuous time Markov process and introduce a neighbor-dependent model for the evolution of metabolic networks where the rates with which reactions are added or removed depend on the fraction of neighboring reactions present in the network. We also present a Gibbs sampler for estimating the parameters of evolution without exploring the whole search space by iteratively sampling from the conditional distributions of the paths and parameters. A Metropolis-Hastings algorithm for sampling paths between two networks and calculating the likelihood of evolution is also presented. The sampler is used to estimate the parameters of evolution of metabolic networks in the genus Pseudomonas. AVAILABILITY An implementation of the Gibbs sampler in Java is available at http://www.stats. ox.ac. uk/ approximately mithani/networkGibbs/. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at the Bioinformatics online.
Thermal-Effect Study on a Carbon-Carbon Composite Using Synchrotron X-Ray Measurements & Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Carbon-carbon composites are deemed as candidate materials for application in very high temperature reactors. In a very high temperature reactor, carbon-carbon composite materials would experience severe environmental impacts from high temperatures. As a result, we applied non-destructive ex-situ diffraction experiments to investigate the microstructure changes of the carbon-carbon composite materials experiencing different temperatures. In this study, the samples were prepared in a format of a three-dimensional pitch-based carbon-carbon composite. The samples were heated to 500 (°C), 700 (°C), and 900 (°C) for 2 minutes, respectively. In order to understand the temperature effect on carbon-carbon composite, we facilitated the high penetration of the synchrotron X-ray diffraction at National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center to examine the evolution of microstructures subjected to heat treatment. The results show that the lattice parameters of a-axis and c-axis evolve upon heating. The molecular dynamics simulation results suggest that the early-stage rearrangement is originated from the release of the defects.
Transition from the flux lattice to the intermediate state structures in a lead-indium alloy

Abstract Direct observation of the flux distribution on the end faces of inhomogeneous Pb-2 at. % In discs at 4·2°k, in a transverse field cycled from 0 to 550 oe to 165 oe, showed intermediate state structures in regions of low indium concentration, and a triangular flux lattice in regions of high indium concentration. The normal regions of the intermediate state, however, consisted of flux lines arranged either as laminae or as bundles. In spite of the compositional inhomogeneities it was estimated that the indium concentration in every region of the specimens was in excess of that required for type II superconductivity. It is proposed that at 550 oe a flux lattice exists in every region of the specimen and that as the field is reduced the flux lattice breaks down into intermediate state structures first in regions of low indium content and last in regions of high nidium content.
Remembering the Historical Roots of Remembering the Personal Past

Summary: As scholars, remembering the historical past in one’s area of study provides a foundation for purposefully pursuing knowledge. As individuals, remembering our personal past provides direction and purpose in everyday life. Taken together, these percepts provide the impetus for the current paper, which traces the contributions of six early pioneers who wrote about how humans remember their personal past. Analysis demonstrates how their historical ideas support current literatures focused on the personal past: reminiscence-based mental health interventions, the adaptive psychosocial functions of autobiographical remembering, and the construction of identity as a life story. Three future research directions are also briefly presented: the human ability for mental ‘time travel’, a lifespan approach to remembering the personal past, and reflection on one’s past as a route to wisdom. Understanding the human phenomenon of remembering the personal past has long-standing historical roots that continue to stimulate basic and applied research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Remembering our historical roots as scholars provides a necessary foundation for purposefully pursuing knowledge. In tandem, one of the things that pioneers in the area of remembering the personal past have argued is that remembering one’s personal past may provide direction and purpose in individual lives. As such, remembering our past can facilitate both scientific and individual development. The study of human remembering has a long history in Psychology. Alongside well-established core fields dedicated to research on memory (e.g., experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience) and research on memory impairments due to age-related disease (e.g., dementias in Medicine), lies a different approach to studying memory. It does focus on memory but places primary emphasis on how individuals use, make sense of, and integrate what they recall about their own lives. Some might not agree with the use of the term, memory, in relation to such work. We agree that memory is neither completely accurate nor rich enough to embody work being carried out from this perspective. As such, to unify various areas, we introduce the term, the study of the personal past. We use this term to refer to research and writing that cuts across various disciplines (e.g., Gerontology and Sociology) and across sub-disciplines in Psychology (e.g., Cognitive and Personality). Researchers in each of these attend their own scholarly meetings and have their own academic journals and research paradigms. All aim, however, to elucidate the same basic human phenomenon: how individuals remember and think about their own personal past. In contrast to basic memory research, research on the personal past focuses on why individuals remember their experiences
Active Imitation Learning

Imitation learning, also called learning by watching or programming by demonstration, has emerged as a means of accelerating many reinforcement learning tasks. Previous work has shown the value of imitation in domains where a single mentor demonstrates execution of a known optimal policy for the benefit of a learning agent. We consider the more general scenario of learning from mentors who are themselves agents seeking to maximize their own rewards. We propose a new algorithm based on the concept of transferable utility for ensuring that an observer agent can learn efficiently in the context of a selfish, not necessarily helpful, mentor. We also address the questions of when an imitative agent should request help from a mentor, and when the mentor can be expected to acknowledge a request for help. In analogy with other types of active learning, we call the proposed approach active imitation learning.
2 Role Mining with Role-Usage Cardinality Constraints

With the emergence of Role Based Access Control (RBAC) as the de facto access control model, organizations can now implement and manage many high level security policies. As a means of migration from traditional access control systems to RBAC, different role mining algorithms have been proposed in recent years for finding a minimal set of roles from existing user-permission assignments. While determining such roles, it is often required that certain security objectives are satisfied. A common goal is to enforce the role-usage cardinality constraint, which limits the maximum number of roles any user can have. In this paper, we propose two alternative approaches for role mining with an upper bound on the number of roles that can be assigned to each user, and validate their performance with benchmark data sets.
Molecular photoacoustic imaging of breast cancer using an actively targeted conjugated polymer

Conjugated polymers (CPs) are upcoming optical contrast agents in view of their unique optical properties and versatile synthetic chemistry. Biofunctionalization of these polymer-based nanoparticles enables molecular imaging of biological processes. In this work, we propose the concept of using a biofunctionalized CP for noninvasive photoacoustic (PA) molecular imaging of breast cancer. In particular, after verifying the PA activity of a CP nanoparticle (CP dots) in phantoms and the targeting efficacy of a folate-functionalized version of the same (folate-CP dots) in vitro, we systemically administered the probe into a folate receptor-positive (FR+ve) MCF-7 breast cancer xenograft model to demonstrate the possible application of folate-CP dots for imaging FR+ve breast cancers in comparison to CP dots with no folate moieties. We observed a strong PA signal at the tumor site of folate-CP dots-administered mice as early as 1 hour after administration as a result of the active targeting of the folate-CP dots to the FR+ve tumor cells but a weak PA signal at the tumor site of CP-dots-administered mice as a result of the passive accumulation of the probe by enhanced permeability and retention effect. We also observed that folate-CP dots produced ~4-fold enhancement in the PA signal in the tumor, when compared to CP dots. These observations demonstrate the great potential of this active-targeting CP to be used as a contrast agent for molecular PA diagnostic imaging in various biomedical applications.
Dispersoid Phases in 6xxx Series Aluminium Alloys

In high strength AlMgSi alloys additions of Mn and Cr lead to the formation of dispersoid phases whose primary functions are to improve fracture toughness and control grain structure. Whether or not dispersoid phases form during heating to the homogenisation temperature and which dispersoid forms is strongly dependent on the alloy composition. By correlating dispersoid features after different homogenisation heat treatments to TEM investigations into the crystal structure, it is proposed that the crystal structure and chemical composition of the dispersoids changes as the dispersoids coarsen at increased temperatures and times.