Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grid Shock: Coordinated Load-Changing Attacks on Power Grids: The Non-Smart Power Grid is Vulnerable to Cyber Attacks as Well

Electric power grids are among the largest human-made control structures and are considered as critical infrastructure due to their importance for daily life. When operating a power grid, providers have to continuously maintain a balance between supply (i.e., production in power plants) and demand (i.e., power consumption) to keep the power grid's nominal frequency of 50 Hz or alternatively 60 Hz. Power consumption is forecast by elaborated models including multiple parameters like weather, season, and time of the day; they are based on the premise of many small consumers averaging out their energy consumption spikes. In this paper, we develop attacks violating this assumption, investigate their impact on power grid operation, and assess their feasibility for today's adversaries. In our scenario, an adversary builds (or rents) a botnet of zombie computers and modulates their power consumption, e.g., by utilizing CPU, GPU, hard disks, screen brightness, and laser printers in a coordinated way over the Internet. Outperforming the grid's countervailing mechanisms in time, the grid is pushed into unstable states triggering automated load shedding or tie-line tripping. We show that an adversary does not have to rely on smart grid features to modulate power consumption given that an adequate communication infrastructure for striking the (legacy) power grid is currently nearly omnipresent: the Internet to whom more and more power-consuming devices are connected. Our simulations estimate that between 2.5 and 9.8 million infections are sufficient to attack the European synchronous grid -- depending on the mix of infected devices, the current mix of active power plant types, and the current overall produced power. However, the herein described attack mechanisms are not limited to the European grid.
Communication-based attacks detection in android applications

: The Android operating system provides a rich Inter-Component Communication (ICC) method that brings enormous convenience. However, the Android ICC also increases security risks. To address this problem, a formal method is proposed to model and detect inter-component communication behavior in Android applications. Firstly, we generate data ﬂow graphs and data facts for each component through component-level data ﬂow analysis. Secondly, our approach treats ICC just like method calls. After analyzing the ﬁelds and data dependencies of the intent, we identify the ICC caller and callee, track the data ﬂow between them, and construct the ICC model. Thirdly, the behavior model of Android applications is constructed by a formal mapping method for component data ﬂow graph based on Pi calculus. The runtime sensitive path trigger detection algorithm is then given. Communication-based attacks are detected by analyzing intent abnormity. Finally, we analyze the modeling and detection efﬁciency, and compare it with relevant methods. Analysis of 57 real-world applications partly veriﬁes the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Some Methodological Developments in the Measurement of the Benefit of an In-Kind Transfer

This paper critically examines the evolu tion of the indifference map approach to mea suring the benefit of an in-kind transfer ac cording to Hick's (1943) concept of price equivalent variation of income. The purpose of such an examination is to introduce to those unfamiliar with it this important meth odology, which ought to be seriously consid ered for use whenever the benefits of in-kind transfer programs are to be estimated. Since virtually all of the development of the meth odology for measuring the Hicksian benefit measure is found in the literature on evalua tion of rental housing subsidies, the evolution of the methodology is described within this context.
Innovation and Constancy in the Church-Sect Typology

Recent years have witnessed a renewed interest among sociologists in the study of social change.2 A major yet ancient idea emerging from various studies is that constancy and change are actually concurrent phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to examine in an exploratory fashion the implications for both phenomena that may be found in the church-sect typology. Our discussion is based on a more extensive study in which the typology was quantified and several other relevant areas subsequently explored.3
A New Player in the International Development Community? Chile as an Emerging Donor

In recent years a series of non-traditional donors have gained relevance as providers of Official Development Assistance (ODA). In the present study we analyze the case of Chile, one of these emerging donors. Our estimates indicate that Chile's ODA was roughly 0.01% of gross domestic product (GDP) in the period from 2006 to 2012. Even though this magnitude was far below that of other emerging donors, Chile has become one of the main regional donors within Latin America. We show that the Chilean approach to international co-operation has been a mix of emergency aid and technical assistance for social policies, often in response to diplomatic affairs. As such, Chilean ODA has been mainly an instrument of soft power diplomacy.
Refinement of indicators and criteria in a quality tool for assessing quality in primary care in Canada: a Delphi panel study.

PURPOSE Primary care is the cornerstone of the health care system and increasingly countries are developing indicators for assessing quality in primary care practices. The 'Quality Tool', developed in Ontario, Canada, provides a framework for assessing practices and consists of indicators and criteria. The purpose of this study was to validate the indicators and simplify the Quality Tool. METHODS This study involved a systematic comparison of indicators in the Quality Tool with those in other local and international tools to determine common indicators to include as valid in the Quality Tool. A Delphi process was used to help reach consensus for inclusion of any indicators that were not included in the comparison exercise. SETTING Primary care in Ontario, Canada. SUBJECTS Key informants were those with known expertise and experience in quality assessment in primary care. MAIN OUTCOME Validated set of indicators for inclusion in an updated Quality Tool. RESULTS Twenty-three stakeholders participated in the Delphi panel. Forty-four indicators were included as valid after the systematic comparison of similar indicators in other assessment tools. Of the 63 indicators brought to the Delphi panel, 37 were included as valid, 15 were excluded and 11 became criteria for other included indicators. CONCLUSIONS The study resulted in a set of 81 validated primary care indicators. The validation of the indicators provided a strong foundation for the next version of the Quality Tool and may be used for quality assessment in primary care.
Path Analysis on the Risk Factors of Sexually Transmitted Disease among Men Who Have Sex with Men Community in Surakarta

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) have a higher prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) than the heterosexual men. The number of STI cases in MSM in Indonesia in 2017 was 4,144. The study aimed to examine risk factors of sexually transmitted disease among MSM community in Surakarta, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Surakarta, Central Java, from October to November 2018. A sample of 188 MSM was selected by fixed diseases sampling. The variable dependent was STI. The independent variables were age, education, number of sexual partners, sexual behavior, intention, attitude, perceived behavior control, and subjective norm. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis. Results: STI was directly increased by unsafe sexual behavior (b= 2.03; 95% CI= 1.15 to 2.91; p<0.001), older age (b= 1.83; 95% CI= 0.58 to 3.09; p= 0.004), multiple sexual partners (b= 2.28; 95% CI= 1.33 to 3.23; p<0.001). It was indirectly affected by intention, attitude, perceived behavior control, subjective norm, and education. Conclusion: STI is directly increased by sexual behavior, age, multiple sexual partners. It is indirectly affected by intention, attitude, perceived behavior control, subjective norm, and education. Keywords: sexually transmitted infections, sexual behavior, men who have sex with men Correspondence: Siti Nurhalimah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: halimah1006.mdf@gmail.com. Mobile: 082233890866. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2018), 3(3): 199-211 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2018. 03.03. 07
Is the Egyptian Press Ready for Democracy? Evaluating Newspaper Coverage as an Indicator of Democratization

If the Egyptian transition to democracy is to succeed, social institutions like the press will have to embrace their democratic responsibilities. In this paper, I look for signs of change in the postRevolution press as an indicator of the progress of Egyptian democratization. During interviews conducted over the summer of 2011 with journalists and media experts in Egypt, I found that the press was still constrained by low journalistic standards and continued government interference. But the newspapers’ content tells a different story. Digitally combing through five years of coverage from the independent newspaper Al-Masry Al-Youm’s online archives (comprising more than a quarter of a million articles), this study determined that coverage in the six months after the Revolution heavily converged on political topics that were formerly off limits. This newspaper replaced trivial reporting on culture and entertainment with coverage of the protests, political players like the Muslim Brotherhood, and the branches of government. These stories put pressure on the emerging government and set a precedent for political coverage under the new democratic regime. The evolution of Al-Masry Al-Youm’s coverage suggests that the newspaper is beginning to play a democratizing role, indicating that Egypt is progressing along the path to democracy. 1
Differences in Microstructural Alterations of the Hippocampus in Alzheimer Disease and Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: DTI can be used to assess the degradation of WM tracts by measuring the FA and MD. Decreased FA/increased MD values in the AD hippocampus have been reported by many studies. In contrast, only a few studies reported on hydrocephalus by using the DTI technique. In elderly patients with dementia and with dilated ventricles, it is often difficult to differentiate iNPH from AD with visual measurements on MR imaging. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of microstructural integrity of the hippocampus in iNPH by using DTI and determining whether this method could be a new diagnostic tool to differentiate iNPH from AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 43 participants (15 healthy controls, 15 patients with AD, and 13 patients with iNPH). The FA and MD values were measured by using the region-of-interest method in the hippocampal head, body, and tail on both sides. Clinical history, neurologic examination, and neuropsychological assessment were included. RESULTS: The FA values were the lowest in the patients with AD, the patients with iNPH, and the healthy controls in this order. The MD values were the highest in the same order. These findings were consistent in the 3 subdivisions of the bilateral hippocampal regions. Hippocampal volume was not different between patients with iNPH and AD. CONCLUSIONS: The microstructural alterations of the hippocampus were more sensitive than the volumetric changes in AD and iNPH. DTI analysis might be a useful tool for discriminating AD from iNPH.
Role of STRAP in regulating GSK3β function and Notch3 stabilization

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) can regulate a broad range of cellular processes in a variety of cell types and tissues through its ability to phosphorylate its substrates in a cell- and time-specific manner. Although it is known that Axin and presenilin help to recruit β-catenin/Smad3 and tau protein to GSK3β, respectively, it is not clear how many of the other GSK3β substrates are recruited to it. Here, we have established the binding of GSK3β with a novel scaffold protein, STRAP, through its WD40 domains. In a new finding, we have observed that STRAP, GSK3β and Axin form a ternary complex together. We show for the first time that intracellular fragment of Notch3 (ICN3) binds with GSK3β through the ankyrin repeat domain. This binding between STRAP and GSK3β is reduced by small-molecule inhibitors of GSK3β. Further studies revealed that STRAP also binds ICN3 through the ankyrin repeat region, and this binding is enhanced in a proteasomal inhibition-dependent manner. In vivo ubiquitination studies indicate that STRAP reduces ubiquitination of ICN3, suggesting a role of STRAP in stabilizing ICN3. This is supported by the fact that STRAP and Notch3 are co-upregulated and co-localized in 59% of non-small cell lung cancers, as observed in an immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays. These results provide a potential mechanism by which STRAP regulates GSK3β function and Notch3 stabilization and further support the oncogenic functions of STRAP.
Personal cytometers: Slow flow or no flow?

Although some manufacturers have optimistically described instruments with prices in the US$40,000 range as “personal cytometers”, analogy with the personal computer suggests that the target price for a true “personal” cytometer should be under $5,000. Since such an apparatus could find a wide range of applications in cytomics in both developing and developed countries, it seemed desirable to consider its technical and economic feasibility.
Outpatients' perceptions of their experiences in musculoskeletal rehabilitation care.

BACKGROUND While patients' satisfaction with rehabilitation care is often measured, the knowledge of their experiences during delivery of care and of which characteristics may lead them to experience problems remains largely undocumented. AIM To assess the quality of patients' experiences receiving post-acute care for musculoskeletal disorders in outpatient rehabilitation settings. To describe the extent to which variations in reported quality of patients' experiences were related to their characteristics. DESIGN A cross sectional, self-reported survey. SETTING 3 outpatient rehabilitation units. POPULATION Four hundred sixty-five outpatients. Mean age 39.4 (SD=11.9). METHODS A problem score (from 0 to 100%) of self-reported experiences was calculated on 7 specific aspects of care (belonging to organizational environment and professionals' attitudes and behaviors) and compared among participants' subgroups. RESULTS Mean scores of the organizational environment area showed higher amount of problems (43.3%) than the professionals' attitudes and behaviours area (34.7%). Two multivariate linear regression models (with adjusted R(2) 9.3% and 4.9%) indicated that older patients and those with high global rating change were less likely to experience problems in the two areas. CONCLUSION Problems on aspects of care were commonly experienced by patients with musculoskeletal disorders in outpatient rehabilitation settings. The age and health of patients were associated to these problems, but explained only a small variation in them. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Surveys measuring patients' experiences can be used to monitor the actual performance of rehabilitation settings and to pinpoint the exact issues needing to be addressed to improve quality as well as to make comparison among centres.
A correlational analysis: Servant leadership and participation by volunteer leaders of credit unions

The purpose of this quantitative, correlational study was to determine if a relationship existed between servant leadership and participation among volunteer board members of credit unions. The Laub (1999) Organizational Leadership Survey (OLA) was used as the instrument to measure the presence and implementation of servant leadership; the Fiedler (1967) Least Preferred Coworker scale was used as the instrument to measure leadership style; and a validated Likert-type scale questionnaire (ALSPQ) was used to measure participation. The population for the study was the volunteer members of boards of directors taken from 15 credit unions located in the Southern California area. Significant correlations were found to exist between the seven servant leadershipconstructs and the 10 participation items of the ALSPQ.
Studies on long‐term T‐cell‐mediated immunity to epstein‐barr virus in immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal seropositive donors and renal transplant recipients on various immunosuppressive regimens have been tested for their ability to mount a cytotoxic response when cultured with autologous EB virus‐infected B cells and thereby to cause regression of proliferating B‐cell foci. Cultures from 10 normal seropositive donors all showed the normal pattern of regression. Lymphocytes from patients receiving Cyclosporin A therapy with or without prednisolone completely failed to cause regression, thus allowing B‐cell lines to proliferate unchecked. Cells from two of 17 patients treated with azathioprine and prednisone also failed to cause regression. The cells from the remaining 15 individuals showed regression responses varying from minimal to normal. These results suggest a mechanism by which EB virus‐related tumours may arise in immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients.
Technical Assistance for Law & Economics: An Empirical Analysis in Antitrust/Competition Policy

In the past 15 years, the world has witnessed the large scale introduction of antitrust/competition policy as an instrument of market-facilitating government policy. Building the capacity of young antitrust institutions in the developing world and in transition economies is a means to improving the capacity of these agencies to police against anti-competitive conduct. Many countries have augmented their development of competition agencies with technical assistance (TA) support. Determining how best to design TA programs to interact with nascent and financially constrained competition agencies is a difficult and complex matter. The objective of this study is to assess the impacts of the TA-agency partnership. This chapter focuses specifically on factors that lead to improved effectiveness of TA. In a field that has been lacking for empirical evaluation, we use a unique dataset of responses from 38 competition agencies that have received technical assistance from the period 1996-2003. Our empirical analysis demonstrates that issues of timing and absorptive capacity of particular forms of technical assistance within a larger political economy consideration maximize the impact and effectiveness of technical assistance provided to competition agencies.
How big is too big? On the social efficiency of the financial sector in the United States

PREFACE This working paper is one of a collection of papers, most of which were prepared for and presented at a fest-schrift conference to honor the life's work of Professor Since the early 1970s, Tom Weisskopf has been challenging the foundations of mainstream economics and, still more fundamentally, the nature and logic of capitalism. That is, Weisskopf began putting capitalism on trial over 40 years ago. He rapidly established himself as a major contributor within the newly emerging field of radical economics and has remained a giant in the field ever since. The hallmarks of his work are his powerful commitments to both egalitarianism as a moral imperative and rigorous research standards as a means. We chose the themes and contributors for this working paper series, and the upcoming festschrift, to reflect the main areas of work on which Tom Weisskopf has focused, with the aim of extending research in these areas in productive new directions. The series is divided into eight sections, including closing reflections by our honoree himself, Professor Weisskopf. Each section except for the last includes comments by discussants as well as the papers themselves.
Absolute protein quantification allows differentiation of cell‐specific metabolic routes and functions

Total protein approach (TPA) is a proteomic method that allows calculation of concentrations of individual proteins and groups of functionally related proteins in any protein mixture without spike‐in standards. Using the two‐step digestion–filter‐aided sample preparation method and LC‐MS/MS analysis, we generated comprehensive quantitative datasets of mouse intestinal mucosa, liver, red muscle fibers, brain, and of human plasma, erythrocytes, and tumor cells lines. We show that the TPA‐based quantitative data reflect well‐defined and specific physiological functions of different organs and cells, for example nutrient absorption and transport in intestine, amino acid catabolism and bile secretion in liver, and contraction of muscle fibers. Focusing on key metabolic processes, we compared metabolic capacities in different tissues and cells. In addition, we demonstrate quantitative differences in the mitochondrial proteomes. Providing insight into the abundances of mitochondrial metabolite transporters, we demonstrate that their titers are well tuned to cell‐specific metabolic requirements. This study provides for the first time a comprehensive overview of the protein hardware mediating metabolism in different mammalian organs and cells. The presented approach can be applied to any other system to study biological processes. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001352 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001352).
Effectiveness of Mobile Notification Delivery

In this paper, user log data of mobile notificationsare collected from a real mobile news application, and notificationopening rate and reaction time are identified as key parametersthat characterize user behavior. The results indicate that notificationopening patterns depend on the content of notifications, the time at which they are sent, the activeness of users, andthe reaction time. This paper also demonstrates that there existsan inverse relationship between the notification opening rate ofusers and their notification reaction time, and between theirnotification opening rate and notification opening volume. Then, a novel method of quantifying notification usefulness for users isdeveloped, where 3 models are presented to describe usefulnessof notifications against the volume of notifications received, eachrelevant in different contexts. Utilizing this usefulness model, a notification optimization framework is developed for sendingnotifications from different news categories. The optimized notificationallocation improved the average notification opening rateby by 65.24% from 4.92% to 8.13%, and the average reactiontime improved by 13.13% from 20.4 hours to 17.68 hours.