Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Public Drivers’ Sense of Rule Violations / Sürücülerin Kural İhlalleri Algısını Etkileyen Faktörler

Abstract: The aim of this research was to examine the predictors of drivers’ sense of rule violations including sensation seeking, aggressiveness, assertiveness, confidence in driving ability, time pressure, and perception of changes of being caught. Three hundred and forty-nine drivers working in various public departments participated in the study. The dependent variable namely drivers’ perception of rule violations was used to examine factors leading risky driving. The result showed that sensation seeking, assertiveness, confidence in driving ability, time pressure, and possibility of being caught affected drivers’ perception of rule violation. Oz: Bu calismanin amaci suruculerin kurallari ihlal etmelerine neden olan heyecan arayisi, saldirganlik, sertlik, surus yetenegine guven, zaman baskisi ve yakalanma algisi gibi etkenlerin incelenmesidir. Degisik kamu kurum ve kuruluslarinda calisan 349 kamu surucusu calismaya katilmistir. Calismada suruculerin yasalari ihlal algilari suruculerin tehlikeli surus davranislarini anlamak icin bagimli degisken olarak kullanilmistir. Sonuclar heyecan arayisi, sertlik, surus yetenegine guven, zaman baskisi ve yakalanma algisi gibi nedenlerin suruculerin kurallari ihlal algisi ile ilgili oldugunu gostermistir. Keywords: Risky driving, sensation seeking, aggressiveness, time pressure. Anahtar Kelimeler: Tehlikeli araba kullanma, heyecan arayisi, saldirganlik, zaman baskisi.
Understanding the recognition of protein structural classes by amino acid composition

Knowledge of amino acid composition, alone, is verified here to be sufficient for recognizing the structural class, α, β, α+β, or α/β of a given protein with an accuracy of 81%. This is supported by results from exhaustive enumerations of all conformations for all sequences of simple, compact lattice models consisting of two types (hydrophobic and polar) of residues. Different compositions exhibit strong affinities for certain folds. Within the limits of validity of the lattice models, two factors appear to determine the choice of particular folds: 1) the coordination numbers of individual sites and 2) the size and geometry of non‐bonded clusters. These two properties, collectively termed the distribution of non‐bonded contacts, are quantitatively assessed by an eigenvalue analysis of the so‐called Kirchhoff or adjacency matrices obtained by considering the non‐bonded interactions on a lattice. The analysis permits the identification of conformations that possess the same distribution of non‐bonded contacts. Furthermore, some distributions of non‐bonded contacts are favored entropically, due to their high degeneracies. Thus, a competition between enthalpic and entropic effects is effective in determining the choice of a distribution for a given composition. Based on these findings, an analysis of non‐bonded contacts in protein structures was made. The analysis shows that proteins belonging to the four distinct folding classes exhibit significant differences in their distributions of non‐bonded contacts, which more directly explains the success in predicting structural class from amino acid composition. Proteins 29:172–185, 1997. Published 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. This article is a US Goverment work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
An Afrocultural Social Ethos: Component Orientations and Some Social Implications

Two studies explored an Afrocultural social ethos: its component orientations of spirituality, affect, and communalism; and their connections with psychosocial functioning among inner-city African American youth in Grades 5 through 7. Positive endorsement and moderate positive correlations among the orientations were found in each study. In Study 1, an Afrocultural social ethos was predictive of more cooperative and more competitive academic attitudes and lower levels of a Machiavellian attitude. When orientations were examined, spirituality emerged as a positive predictor of two academic attitudes. In Study 2, an Afrocultural social ethos was predictive of empathy and a more altruistic view of human nature. At the level of orientations, affect was a unique predictor of these variables. Gender-not cultural ethos or orientations-was predictive of peer-ratedprosocial behaviors. Discussionfocuses on implicationsforfuture research on culture and the social development of African American youth.
Communication Modalities for Supervised Teleoperation in Highly Dexterous Tasks - Does one size fit all?

This study tries to explain the connection between communication modalities and levels of supervision in teleoperation during a dexterous task, like surgery. This concept is applied to two surgical related tasks: incision and peg transfer. It was found that as the complexity of the task escalates, the combination linking human supervision with a more expressive modality shows better performance than other combinations of modalities and control. More specifically, in the peg transfer task, the combination of speech modality and action level supervision achieves shorter task completion time (77.1 +- 3.4 s) with fewer mistakes (0.20 +- 0.17 pegs dropped).
What is wrong with school music? – a response to Malcolm Ross

This paper sets out to interrogate the assertions contained in Malcolm Ross's What's Wrong With School Music? (British Journal of Music Education, Vol. 12, No. 3). Whilst resisting the tone of Ross's piece and rejecting its philosophical underpinnings, the author finds that there is some substance in its polemical thrust, even though Ross's caricaturing style does as much to mask as to analyse problems. Using ethnographic data collected over a number of years, Dr Gammon focuses on the relative unpopularity of music, the music curriculum, resourcing and the problems of music teachers in an attempt to identify areas for examination, discussion and progress.
Moment-Based Estimation of Stochastic Kronecker Graph Parameters

Abstract Stochastic Kronecker graphs supply a parsimonious model for large sparse real-world graphs. They can specify the distribution of a large random graph using only three or four parameters. Those parameters have, however, proved difficult to choose in specific applications. This article looks at method-of-moments estimators that are computationally much simpler than maximum likelihood. The estimators are fast, and in our examples, they typically yield Kronecker parameters with expected feature counts closer to a given graph than we get from KronFit. The improvement is especially prominent for the number of triangles in the graph.
The formation history of massive cluster galaxies as revealed by CARLA

We use a sample of 37 of the densest clusters and protoclusters across 1.3 ≤ z ≤ 3.2 from the Clusters Around Radio-Loud AGN (CARLA) survey to study the formation of massive cluster galaxies. We use optical i′-band and infrared 3.6 and 4.5 μm images to statistically select sources within these protoclusters and measure their median observed colours; 〈i′ − [3.6]〉. We find the abundance of massive galaxies within the protoclusters increases with decreasing redshift, suggesting these objects may form an evolutionary sequence, with the lower redshift clusters in the sample having similar properties to the descendants of the high-redshift protoclusters. We find that the protocluster galaxies have an approximately unevolving observed-frame i′ − [3.6] colour across the examined redshift range. We compare the evolution of the 〈i′ − [3.6]〉 colour of massive cluster galaxies with simplistic galaxy formation models. Taking the full cluster population into account, we show that the formation of stars within the majority of massive cluster galaxies occurs over at least 2 Gyr, and peaks at z ∼ 2–3. From the median i′ − [3.6] colours, we cannot determine the star formation histories of individual galaxies, but their star formation must have been rapidly terminated to produce the observed red colours. Finally, we show that massive galaxies at z > 2 must have assembled within 0.5 Gyr of them forming a significant fraction of their stars. This means that few massive galaxies in z > 2 protoclusters could have formed via dry mergers.
Engineering web services with attribute grammars: a case study

Applications based on web services make an extensive use of XML documents. These XML documents are structured according to different markup vocabularies, which represent information such as the inputs and the outputs of the services. This paper proposes a way of implementing web services using a framework called XLOP (XML Language-Oriented Processing). XLOP includes a declarative domain-specific language based on attribute grammars, a well-known declarative specification technique used in the development of language processors. XLOP makes possible the automatic generation of efficient XML-processing components from high-level, declarative specifications, facilitating the development of the aforementioned services and enhancing their maintainability. This technique is illustrated in the context of Chasqui, a system for building repositories of learning objects in specialized domains, which implements a REST web service for checking constraints on the metadata of the stored learning objects.
Identification of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins A and B genes by PCR-ELISA.

We developed PCR-enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays to detect Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins A and B genes. The assays use internal biotin-labelled oligonucleotides as capture probes for immobilizing and subsequently detecting target sequences on microtiter plates. The detection limits of the PCR-ELISAs were approximately 250 gene copies, versus 2500 gene copies by agarose gel analysis. The sensitivity of the assays, as determined from a reference panel of 46 coded samples that included DNA purified from 31 different bacterial species and strains, SEA and SEB plasmid controls, and no-template controls was 100%. No cross-reactivity was observed with DNA from non-staphylococcal species. Using 27 clinical isolates of S. aureus, the SEA PCR-ELISA identified the enterotoxin A (sea) gene in 26 samples, and the SEB PCR-ELISA identified the enterotoxin B (seb) gene in all 27 samples. Compared with conventional antigen capture ELISAs for SEA and SEB toxins, the PCR-ELISAs showed overall superior detection limits. The sensitivity and specificity levels of the SEA PCR-ELISA and the SEA toxin ELISA were comparable within their respective detection thresholds, but the sensitivity and specificity of the SEB PCR-ELISA was much greater than that of SEB toxin ELISA.
Serum alpha-tocopherol concentration in relation to subsequent colorectal cancer: pooled data from five cohorts.

BACKGROUND Vitamin E is an antioxidant that inhibits mutagenesis and cell transformation. Previous findings in five prospective epidemiologic studies suggested that the level of serum alpha-tocopherol, the predominant form of vitamin E in the blood, was lower in subjects who subsequently developed colorectal cancer than in control subjects. However, the difference was neither obvious nor statistically significant in any one of these five studies. PURPOSE To evaluate in greater detail the association between serum alpha-tocopherol concentration and risk of colorectal cancer, we pooled and analyzed the original data from the five studies. Our analyses were designed to (a) test the hypothesis with greater statistical power, (b) examine the association after adjustment for serum cholesterol levels, and (c) evaluate the association after uniform exclusion of cases diagnosed shortly after blood specimens were drawn. METHODS Data for individual subjects were analyzed. To make the design of the component investigations uniformly nested case-control studies with individual matching, we matched controls to cases in two of the cohorts. Subjects were categorized according to study-specific quartile of serum alpha-tocopherol level within the study. The pooled analysis included 289 cases of colorectal cancer and 1267 matched controls. RESULTS For cancers of the colon and rectum combined, the matched odds ratio (OR) for the highest quartile of serum alpha-tocopherol concentration compared with the lowest was 0.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4-1.0). Adjustment for serum cholesterol level attenuated the OR to 0.7 (95% CI = 0.4-1.1). CONCLUSION The results suggest that serum alpha-tocopherol concentration may be inversely related to risk of colorectal cancer. It is unclear whether an association exists, however, because the association between serum alpha-tocopherol level and decreased risk of colorectal cancer was modest, the CIs were wide, and, overall, the tests for trend in effect were not significant. IMPLICATIONS Larger observational studies with concurrent dietary data are needed to determine whether vitamin E has a modest but potentially important protective effect against colorectal cancer.
Effect of thermal transformation on the structural and electrical properties of dodecylalkylammonium intercalated sodium-montmorillonite

In the present investigation Dodecylalkylammonium intercalated montmorillonite (DDAMMT) has been synthesized by intercalating Dodecylalkylammonium into the interlayer spaces of Na-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) by ion exchange reaction at 80C. Thermal transformation of DDA-MMT has been investigated by Thermogravimetric analysis and Differential Thermogravimetric analysis. X-ray Diffraction analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared analysis of pre-heat-treated DDAMMT samples were performed to understand the thermal transformation mechanism. Different microstructural parameters such as crystallite size, r.m.s. strain () and layer disorder parameters such as variation of interlayer spacing (g), proportion of planes affected by variability defect () have been calculated using X-ray line profile analysis of DDA-MMT pre-heat-treated at 30, 80, 120, 200, 300, 400 and 500°C. The value of basal spacing (d001), FWHM, number of silicate layers stacked to form individual crystallite (N) have also been used for understanding the thermal transformation of DDA-MMT. Alternating Current electrical properties of DDA-MMT at room temperature and pre-heattreated at different temperatures have also been investigated.
Discourse Analysis and Social Relationships in Social Work

SUMMARY Following a description of the criticism made of contract approaches from the perspective of discourse analysis, the paper draws a distinction between the focus of discourse analysis on the constitution of knowledges and the ethnomethodological project of studying how knowledgeable human beings negotiate meaning through social interaction. I argue that we need a discourse analysis grounded in social relationships. The paper then describes a number of concepts derived from Basil Bernstein's analysis of language and education with the objective of providing a perspective that can link an analysis of knowledge and language with the social relationships of power and control which lie at the core of practitioner/client negotiations about agreements and contracts. At the end of the paper I stress the importance of social workers negotiating contracts and agreements on the basis of an understanding of their client's everyday accounting systems. This specific idea is connected to the framework of classification and framing of knowledge established earlier in the paper by suggesting that it is facilitated by what the paper calls an appreciative code. The quality of their relationships with clients is of fundamental import ance to social workers. The question of whether they organize those relationships around concepts such as 'task centred approaches' or 'con tracts' should be secondary to an awareness of the structural properties inherent in different configurations of social worker/client relationships. Consequently, debates about contracts in social work, and whether such notions are an appropriate metaphor to assist practice objectives should, in my view, become less important than understanding the social interaction involved in constructing working agreements in the practice setting.
Characteristics of US workers whose blood lead levels trigger the medical removal protection provision, and conformity with biological monitoring requirements, 2003-2005.

BACKGROUND Workers with blood lead levels (BLL) > or =60 microg/dl (50 microg/dl for construction workers) or with three or more consecutive BLLs over at least 6 months that average 50 microg/dl or greater are required to be removed from work involving lead exposure that exceeds the OSHA action level. This study estimates the proportion of workers with BLLs that trigger the medical removal provision by industry sector, and examines whether workers received appropriate follow-up blood lead testing. METHODS Three years (2003-2005) of data from the Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance program were analyzed to identify those industries with a high percentage of workers with BLLs that trigger the medical removal provision. Adjusted rate ratios (RR) of adults with such BLLs were estimated by industry sector compared to the battery manufacturing industry using Poisson regression models. RESULTS Out of 13,724 adults with BLLs > or =25 microg/dl, a total of 533 adults had BLLs that triggered the medical removal provision. RRs of adults with BLLs triggering medical removal were highest for "painting and wall covering contractors" (RR = 22.1) followed by "highway, street and bridge construction" (RR = 14.7), "amusement, gambling, and recreation" (RR = 11.4), and "glass product manufacturing" (RR = 10.1). Overall, 29% of adults with BLLs triggering medical removal received appropriate follow-up blood lead tests and met the eligibility to return to lead work. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that additional efforts are needed to prevent occupational overexposure to lead in adults, and to ensure proper medical management of those workers who meet medical removal criteria.
Risk Factors for Late-onset Hyponatremia and Its Influence on Neonatal Outcomes in Preterm Infants

Late-onset hyponatremia (LOH), hyponatremia occurring after two weeks of age with the achievement of full feeding, is the result of a negative sodium balance caused by inadequate salt intake or excessive salt loss due to immature renal or intestinal function in preterm infants. The aims of our study were to identify the risk factors for LOH and its influence on neonatal outcomes. This was a retrospective cohort analysis of 161 preterm infants born before 34 weeks of gestation between June 2009 and December 2010 at Seoul National University Hospital. LOH was defined as a sodium level ≤ 132 mEq/L or 133-135 mEq/L with oral sodium supplementation. LOH occurred in 49 (30.4%) of the studied infants. A lower gestational age, a shorter duration of parenteral nutrition, the presence of respiratory distress syndrome, the use of furosemide, and feeding with breast milk were significant risk factors for LOH. In terms of neonatal outcomes, the infants with LOH had longer hospital stays and higher risks of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity requiring surgery. LOH lasting at least 7 days significantly increased moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, periventricular leukomalacia, and extra-uterine growth retardation. LOH is commonly observed in preterm infants; it may be a risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity or a marker of illness severity.
Measuring end-users' opinions for establishing a user-centred Electronic Health Record (EHR) system from the perspective of nurses

Establishing an acceptable user-centred electronic health record (EHR) system is a challenging task for healthcare providers due to the need for such systems to meet the requirements of its user population. Concerned nurses are the main end-users of EHR systems. Based on knowledge of evidence-based management (EBM) and the issues (goals and methods) of Health Information Systems (HIS) evaluation, this research was performed in four regional teaching hospitals by adopting a quantitative approach research design to perform "goal-based evaluation" research. The results of Path Analysis indicated that 17 of 21 hypotheses were accepted in this study. In addition, the results of One-way ANOVA with Scheff test comparisons indicated that Age is the most important variable in measuring System Quality, Service Quality, Safety Quality, User Use and User Satisfaction; Education is important in measuring Service Quality; and Seniority is important in measuring System Quality, Service Quality and User Use. Furthermore, the results of Linear regression indicated that only one hypothesis is affected by the demographic variable Education. In summary, this empirical investigation provided evidence-based knowledge to explain nurses' opinions of EHR systems success, and to distinguish which demographic variables influence their viewpoints of using such systems in southern Taiwan.
User interaction event detection in the context of appliance monitoring

In this paper we assess about the recognition of User Interaction events when handling electrical devices. This work is placed in the context of Intrusive Load Monitoring used for appliance recognition. ILM implies several Smart Metering Sensors to be placed inside the environment under analysis (in our case we have one Smart Metering Sensor per device). Our existing system is able to recognise the appliance class (as coffee machine, printer, etc.) and the sequence of states (typically Active / Non-Active) by using Hidden Markov Models as machine learning algorithm. In this paper we add a new layer to our system architecture called User Interaction Layer, aimed to infer the moments (called User Interaction events) during which the user interacts with the appliance. This layer uses as input the information coming from HMM (i.e. the recognised appliance class and the sequence of states). The User Interaction events are derived from the analysis of the transitions in the sequences of states and a ruled-based system adds or removes these events depending on the recognised class. Finally we compare the list of events with the ground truth and we obtain three different accuracy rates: (i) 96.3% when the correct model and the real sequence of states are known a priori, (ii) 82.5% when only the correct model is known and (iii) 80.5% with no a priori information.
Rockfall characterisation and structural protection – a review

Abstract. Rockfall is an extremely rapid process involving long travel distances. Due to these features, when an event occurs, the ability to take evasive action is practically zero and, thus, the risk of injury or loss of life is high. Damage to buildings and infrastructure is quite likely. In many cases, therefore, suitable protection measures are necessary. This contribution provides an overview of previous and current research on the main topics related to rockfall. It covers the onset of rockfall and runout modelling approaches, as well as hazard zoning and protection measures. It is the aim of this article to provide an in-depth knowledge base for researchers and practitioners involved in projects dealing with the rockfall protection of infrastructures, who may work in the fields of civil or environmental engineering, risk and safety, the earth and natural sciences.
Fuzzy variable structure control

A new methodology is presented to improve the design and tuning of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) using variable structure control (VSC) theory. A VSC-type rule base is constructed and the fundamentals of FLC explored quantitatively by VSC theory. A very concise mathematical expression for the FLC is presented, in which the Lyapunov stability criterion can be applied to guide the design and tuning. This results in a simpler and more systematic procedure. Application of the method to higher order systems is made straight forward by applying a hierarchical technique. The validity of the design methodology is demonstrated by simulation.