Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Dynamic Trade Model of Increasing Returns and Monopolistic Competition

This paper formulates a two-country by two-factor by two-good dynamic Chamberlin-Heckscher-Ohlin model of international trade with endogenous time preferences. After proving the existence, uniqueness and local saddle-point stability of the steady state, we examine the relationship between initial factor endowment and trade patterns in the steady state. It will be shown that (i) given that the representative household in each country supplies an equal amount of labor, only intra-industry trade occurs in the steady state and (ii) other things being equal, the country with higher labor efficiency becomes the net exporter of the labor-intensive good. Copyright © 2007 The Authors; Journal compilation © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Age‐dependent impairment of HIF‐1α expression in diabetic mice: Correction with electroporation‐facilitated gene therapy increases wound healing, angiogenesis, and circulating angiogenic cells

Wound healing is impaired in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. We hypothesized that age‐dependent impairment of cutaneous wound healing in db/db diabetic mice: (a) would correlate with reduced expression of the transcription factor hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) as well as its downstream target genes; and (b) could be overcome by HIF‐1α replacement therapy. Wound closure, angiogenesis, and mRNA expression in excisional skin wounds were analyzed and circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) were quantified in db/db mice that were untreated or received electroporation‐facilitated HIF‐1α gene therapy. HIF‐1α mRNA levels in wound tissue were significantly reduced in older (4–6 months) as compared to younger (1.5–2 months) db/db mice. Expression of mRNAs encoding the angiogenic cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1), ANGPT2, platelet‐derived growth factor B (PDGF‐B), and placental growth factor (PLGF) was also impaired in wounds of older db/db mice. Intradermal injection of plasmid gWIZ‐CA5, which encodes a constitutively active form of HIF‐1α, followed by electroporation, induced increased levels of HIF‐1α mRNA at the injection site on day 3 and increased levels of VEGF, PLGF, PDGF‐B, and ANGPT2 mRNA on day 7. CACs in peripheral blood increased 10‐fold in mice treated with gWIZ‐CA5. Wound closure was significantly accelerated in db/db mice treated with gWIZ‐CA5 as compared to mice treated with empty vector. Thus, HIF‐1α gene therapy corrects the age‐dependent impairment of HIF‐1α expression, angiogenic cytokine expression, and CACs that contribute to the age‐dependent impairment of wound healing in db/db mice. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 319–327, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic Poverty in Rural Ethiopia through the Lens of Life-histories

Abstract Studying chronic poverty using retrospective qualitative data (life-histories) in conjunction with longitudinal panel data is now recognized to provide deep and reliable insights. This paper uses three rounds of panel data and life-histories collected by Young Lives, a longitudinal study of childhood poverty, to identify factors that contribute to households becoming or remaining poor in rural Ethiopia. It combines a case-centred and a variable-centred approach, analysing and comparing the experiences of individual households (cases) using qualitative and quantitative techniques and interrogating these findings by looking at attributes of households (variables) across a larger sample. The substantive findings on poverty ‘drivers’ and ‘maintainers’ support those of previous studies: rainfall, illness, debt, exclusion from the main social protection scheme. But by mixing different types of data and analysis, the paper shows that combinations of factors rather than single events drive households into poverty, and that household characteristics play an important role. The primary contribution of the paper is methodological as it presents a novel method of using life-histories to investigate chronic poverty in rural Ethiopia by generating or testing hypotheses/findings on poverty drivers and maintainers.
Social Acceptability’s Role in an Expanded Rational Expectations Model of Intention to Consume an Innovative Meat Product in a Restaurant Setting

American consumers expect variety in their food choices and dining experiences. Marketers and producers are using innovation to keep pace with consumers’ desires for new and unusual food items. Exotic game such as emu offers consumers new experiences and variety in their meat choices. Past research has indicated social acceptability may be an important component in marketing these new innovative meat products. This investigation used Sapp’s expanded rational expectations intention model, a depiction of Ajzen and Fishbein’s theory of reasoned action, to investigate consumers’ intentions to try an innovative meat product in a restaurant setting. The expanded model added social acceptability and knowledge as additional constructs to Ajzen and Fishbein’s rational expectations model. Social acceptability had significant causal path estimates for attitude, subjective norm, and intention. This study is further confirmation of social acceptability as a possible new addition to Ajzen and Fishbein’s theory.
Industrialization, globalization, and labor market regime in Indonesia

This paper examines globalization, industrialization, and labor markets in Indonesia using a case study of manufacturing. It attempts to answer the question of how changes in the labor market after the 1997–1998 Asian Financial Crisis affected industrialization and labor market performance. The paper generates three main findings. First, the responsiveness of output to employment and wages to employment declined substantially over the period 1996–2006 but recovered in 2009. The decline could be a consequence of the implementation of rigid labor laws since 2003. The recovery in 2009 may reflect firms’ adjustment period to the new environment or simply that firms found different opportunities. Second, exporters generally show higher employment elasticity than non-exporters. However, since the implementation of the labor law, exporters tend to retain employment more than non-exporters when wages rise. Third, exporters began substituting labor with machinery as wages started rising.
Participatory Governance of the 900 Pandora Block and the Street Community

Supervisory Committee Dr. Lyn Davis, School of Public Health and Social Policy Supervisor Dr. Bernadette Pauly, School of Nursing Member In response to the continuing challenges of homelessness in Victoria, BC, a variety of homelessserving agencies are active in the region. Community concerns about these services have given rise to the practice of developing Good Neighbour Agreements (‘GNA’) and forming Good Neighbour Groups (‘GNG’) with local community members to monitor the social services, mitigate conflict, and prevent undesired impacts on the neighbourhoods. Based in an interpretive description methodology using interviews and document analysis, the purpose of this research is to explore the involvement of the street community in the development of one GNA and subsequent governance activities of the associated GNG. Findings demonstrate that individuals from the street community generally have not been directly involved but instead represented by a local homeless-serving agency, a model of representation that has important limitations. Despite the lack of formal involvement, people from the street community continued to engage independently in neighbourhood matters, undertaking ongoing advocacy work that in turn helped to yield greater participation of the street community in the GNG.
Informed Trading and the Market Reaction to Accounting Restatements

ABSTRACT We examine how informed trading activities affect the market reaction to accounting restatements. We find significantly less negative reactions to accounting restatements when managers are net purchasers of stock before the restatement, and significantly more negative market reactions when managers are net sellers. Similar patterns characterize corporate trading, where prior stock repurchases dampen negative reactions and prior equity issuances increase negative reactions to the restatement. We address the possibility of reverse causality in which informed trades are undertaken because of the expected market reaction by examining the difference between disclosed and non-disclosed trades, finding that the market reaction is concentrated in the disclosed trades. Our results are incremental to general return patterns associated with insider trading and corporate equity transactions, and hold after controlling for other determinants of the market reaction to restatements. Taken together, these findin.
An empirical investigation of the metrics alignment process

Purpose – To understand the use of metrics to attain alignment between the needs of the customer, strategic objectives, and the execution system. This paper examines the process by which metrics at the various levels are developed and the factors affecting this process.Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on a series of “deep” case studies and 45 interviews of key managers at various levels within three related businesses. Open and axial coding on the data was performed and themes reported.Findings – The findings show how metrics can generate two types of synergy, financial, and strategic and that numerous factors affect metrics deployment and alignment. There also exists a tension between those metrics that encourage sales growth through innovation and market development (i.e. the so‐called top line metrics) and those metrics that reduce costs or asset investments (i.e. bottom line metrics). Research limitations/implications – Selective coding of the data to develop theoretical insight has yet to.
Para Vakıfları Bağlamında Osmanlı Hukuk Düzeni ve Ebussuud Efendinin Hukuk Anlayışı Üzerine Bazı Değerlendirmeler

Some Notes on Ottoman Law Order and Ebussuud Efendi’s Juridical Views Concerning Cash Waqfs in Ottoman Empire This study examines the Ottoman law order and Ebussuud Efendi’s juridical views about the cash waqfs in Ottoman empire. Firstly it deals with the relation between Qânun law and Shari’a law in the Ottoman law order. Then it analyses Ebussuud Efendi’s juridical views concerning the disputes on the cash waqfs. Finally it makes an evaluation about the subject
Can semi-automated image cytometry on induced sputum become a screening tool for lung cancer?

The correlations between semi-automated sputum cytometry (ASC), conventional cytology and the final diagnosis was investigated in industrially-exposed workers. Slides of sputum samples from 201 former uranium miners with silicosis, 100 patients with asbestosis, 103 workers resected for lung cancer, and 200 controls (50% smokers), were stained using the Papanicolaou (Pap) method and the Feulgen reaction with thionin. Cytometry was performed using the Cyto-Savant automated system. Atypical nuclei were found in 72 of 404 patient samples, 327 samples were normal and five were inadequate for ASC analysis. Thirteen tumours (Pap IV, Pap V) and 11 cases of severe dysplasia were identified by cytology. Lung cancer was confirmed in 20 patients. Compared to the final diagnosis of lung cancer, the sensitivity of ASC was 75% (15 out of 20) and specificity 89.8% (520 out of 579). The results represent a diagnostic efficiency of 89.3%. The combination of ASC with cytology increased sensitivity to 80% (16 out of 20) without significant loss of specificity (89.7% or 523 out of 581). In this investigation of a limited number of patients with occupational radon or asbestos exposure, semi-automated sputum cytometry appears to be sensitive and reliable for the detection of malignant changes in the tracheobronchial mucosa. Together with conventional cytology, it would be reasonable to test the validity of the combined methods in a large-scale feasibility study of early lung cancer detection.
PRODUCTION OF MALE GAMETES AND AUXOSPORES IN THE CENTRIC DIATOMS CYCLOTELLA MENEGHINIANA AND C. CRYPTICA 1 2

Vegetative cells of Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing form male gametes and anxospores following transfer from a synthetic freshwater medium to a modified artificial seawater. Both spermatogenesis and auxospore formation are correlated with an increase in the Na+ concentration in the medium. Spermatogenesis can also be induced in C. cryptica Reimann, Lewin, and Guillard in artificial seawater with an adjusted sodium level.
Paternal Smoking and Childhood Overweight: Evidence From the Hong Kong “Children of 1997”

OBJECTIVE: This study examined, in a non-Western sociohistorical context, whether prenatal or postnatal secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure for children of nonsmoking mothers was associated with higher childhood BMI, and it clarified whether the observed associations were biologically mediated or socioeconomically confounded. METHODS: A total of 6710 and 6519 children of nonsmoking mothers (N = 7924) with BMI data at ∼7 and ∼11 years, respectively, from a population-representative (N = 8327), Hong Kong Chinese birth cohort (“Children of 1997”), born in April or May 1997, were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Compared with no SHS exposure, daily paternal smoking increased mean BMI z scores, but not height, at 7 years (difference: 0.10 [95% confidence interval: 0.02–0.19]) and at 11 years (difference: 0.16 [95% confidence interval: 0.07–0.26]), with adjustment for gender, birth order, socioeconomic position, mother's place of birth, breastfeeding, serious morbidity, and pubertal status. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings, although preliminary, suggest that the association of paternal smoking with child overweight might be biologically mediated. Given the known harms of smoking, reducing SHS exposure from conception as a precautionary action for childhood overweight might be warranted.
Activation of Escherichia coli leuVTranscription by FIS

ABSTRACT The transcription factor FIS has been implicated in the regulation of several stable RNA promoters, including that for the major tRNALeu species in Escherichia coli, tRNA1Leu. However, no evidence for direct involvement of FIS in tRNA1Leu expression has been reported. We show here that FIS binds to a site upstream of the leuVpromoter (centered at −71) and that it directly stimulatesleuV transcription in vitro. A mutation in the FIS binding site reduces transcription from a leuV promoter in strains containing FIS but has no effect on transcription in strains lacking FIS, indicating that FIS contributes to leuV expression in vivo. We also find that RNA polymerase forms an unusual heparin-sensitive complex with the leuV promoter, having a downstream protection boundary of ∼−7, and that the first two nucleotides of the transcript, GTP and UTP, are required for formation of a heparin-stable complex that extends downstream of the transcription start site. These studies have implications for the regulation of leuV transcription.
The upcoming lease accounting standard and its impacts on lessee's financial statements, and financial ratios "a practical simulation test".

A simulator is employed to explore the actual impacts of the upcoming lease accounting standard on thefinancial statements item, financial risk, and performance ratios, we apply its regulations to the Royal JordanianAirlines (RJ) financial statements. Capitalization of 30 real operation lease contracts commencing in (2002-2014) reveal with a magnitude change in assets, lease liabilities, and owners' equity. Since we use real RJ dataand depreciate the capitalized asset in a straight line method over lease term , Change in lease liabilities exceedschange on assets over time , thus resulted in a magnitude negative impact on owners' equity over 13 years.Results report a negative impact on four leverage ratios (TD/TA, TD/E, LTD/CE, IC) only NCA/ TA shows apositive change over time. We find aease material negative impact on two profitability ratios (NPM and ROE). EBIT margin and ROCE shows a positive change owing to the fact that we adjust the EBIT by the unrecordedlease interest and adjust the CE by the recorded short term operation lease liabilities, Capitalization shows anegative impact on ROA for the period 200-2007 and a positive impact for the period 2008-2014, since the ROAchange depend on the Adjusted EBIT and the Adjusted total asset, TA , also the Adj. EBIT show a magnitudepositive change over the period 2008-2014 resulting from the unrecorded liabilities interest , since the operationlease contracts number dramatically increased . Liquidity ratio (CR) current ratio shows a positive change, as nochange in current asset with a decrease in current liabilities adjusted by the recorded short term lease asset. Inview of the considerable increase in total assets Results reveal with a negative change in asset turn over AT. Thesignificant shift in key financial risk ratios, and the negative change in major financial performance ratiossuggest that interested parties "economic decisions" could be affected, therefore the upcoming lease accountingregulation could negatively affect the financial position of the airfreight firms that heavily depend on operationlease in aircraft acquirement.Keywords: simulation, capitalization, financial risk ratios, performance ratios, lease accounting standards
Neuroprotection by aripiprazole against β-amyloid-induced toxicity by P-CK2α activation via inhibition of GSK-3β

Psychosis is reported over 30% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in clinics. Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic drug with partial agonist activity at the D2 dopamine and 5-HT1A receptors with low side-effect profile. We identified aripiprazole is able to overcome the amyloid-β (Aβ)-evoked neurotoxicity and then increase the cell viability. This study elucidated the mechanism(s) by which aripiprazole ameliorates Aβ1-42-induced decreased neurite outgrowth and viability in neuronal cells. Pretreatment with aripiprazole increased Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein expressions in N2a cells. Additionally, phosphorylated casein kinase 2α at Y 255 (P-CK2α) was increased in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Furthermore, Aβ1-42-induced decreased BDNF and P-CK2α expression were increased over control level by aripiprazole. Subsequently, Aβ1-42-induced decreased levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase-3β at Ser9 (P-GSK-3β) and nuclear P-β-catenin (Ser675) were elevated by aripiprazole, which were inhibited by K252A (inhibitor of BDNF receptor) and tetrabromocinnamic acid (TBCA, CK2 inhibitor), indicating that BDNF and P-CK2α activation are implicated in the aripiprazole effects. Expressions of cyclin D1 and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA were increased by aripiprazole; even in the presence of Aβ1-42, which was blocked by K252A and TBCA. In CK2α gene-silenced N2a cells, aripiprazole failed to increase P-GSK-3β and P-β-catenin expressions. Consequently, aripiprazole ameliorated Aβ1-42-induced attenuation of neurite elongation in HT22 cells, and this effect was blocked by both TBCA and imatinib. Decreased viability induced by Aβ1-42 was recovered by aripiprazole. These findings provide evidence supporting that aripiprazole can provide an effective therapeutic strategy against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in AD-associated psychosis.
In Vivo Manipulation of Dendritic Cells Overcomes Tolerance to Unmodified Tumor-Associated Self Antigens and Induces Potent Antitumor Immunity1

Most tumor-associated Ags are self proteins that fail to elicit a T cell response as a consequence of immune tolerance. Dendritic cells (DCs) generated ex vivo have been used to break tolerance against such self Ags; however, in vitro manipulation of DCs is cumbersome and difficult to control, resulting in vaccines of variable potency. To address this problem we developed a method for loading and activating DCs, in situ, by first directing sufficient numbers of DCs to peripheral tissues using Flt3 ligand and then delivering a tumor-associated Ag and oligonucleotide containing unmethylated CG motifs to these tissues. In this study, we show in three different tumor models that this method can overcome tolerance and induce effective antitumor immunity. Vaccination resulted in the generation of CD8+ T and NK cell effectors that mediated durable tumor responses without attacking normal tissues. These findings demonstrate that unmodified tumor-associated self Ags can be targeted to DCs in vivo to induce potent systemic antitumor immunity.
Risk management within the events industry in Cape Town, South Africa

The study is focused on effective management of the event industry with emphasis on the successful hosting of events within the city of Cape Town, in order to determine policies and legislation that govern the event industry and the nature of their application by event stakeholders in Cape Town. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed to event practitioners, event organisations and event students within Cape Town. A response rate of 350 was achieved. Majority of event stakeholders believe that it is imperative to abide by legislation, as the event industry cannot function without policies and legislation. Policies required for proper functioning events include liability insurance, compliance with contractors and compliance with legislation. The research was limited to specified persons directly involved in the event industry. Local authorities and professional conference organisers should abide by policies and legislation established by the South African Government. Training and education is significant in terms of compliance and ethics in the tourism, events and hospitality industry. The city of Cape Town has been working hard to develop itself, as a major social development driver as well as a major contributor to experiencing events, sport, recreation, arts and culture in a special way. Therefore, the research intends to promote awareness of the importance of compliance management in the event industry. Key words: Compliance, corporate governance, legislation, events management body of knowledge (EMBOK), ethics, risk.
The Nexus of Sexual Orientation and Gender in the Determination of Earnings

This analysis of 1989–96 General Social Survey data reveals how sexual orientation and gender jointly influence earnings outcomes. Gay and bisexual men experienced a 30–32% income disadvantage relative to heterosexual peers, while lesbian and bisexual women enjoyed a wage premium of 17–23%. The disparate earnings effects of sexual orientation across genders suggest that workplace discrimination may be only one factor accounting for measured wage differentials associated with sexual orientation. These findings qualify pioneering work on the subject that indicated that wage differentials were attributable largely to employer bias. A further analysis that distinguishes the separate effects of gender, marital status, and sexual orientation suggests that differentials long attributed to marital status may in part reflect previously unobserved effects of sexual orientation.
Durable-Goods Monopolists, Rational Consumers, and Improving Products

We consider the case of a monopolist supplying an improving durable product to a population that is heterogeneous in its valuation of product quality. In a two-period framework, we show that if consumers expect the product to improve in “present-value” terms, then intertemporal discrimination might result in the first-period marginal consumer being left with zero surplus and some higher-end consumers postponing purchase. The resulting trajectories for quality and price do not constitute a subgame-perfect equilibrium. One of our conclusions is that the logic of profit maximization in the context of rational consumer choice imposes a demand-side constraint on the rate of product improvement. We also emphasize the disequilibrium consequences of improving a product so rapidly that high-end consumers are tempted to wait for a future new-and-improved version. Finally, the formulation adopted in the paper may be useful to understand observed differences in product improvement rates in different markets.