Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A survey oj various approaches to detect selfishness in wireless ad-hoc networks

Ad hoc is a Latin word which describes solutions for this or specific purpose. In the world of computer network, an ad hoc network refers to a network connection which established for a single session and does not require wireless base station; they are on-the-fly networks. Energy, security and selfishness have been amongst the most popular issues for researchers in recent years. Selfish node is stated as a node that conserves its battery power and other resources and do not forward packets to other node but uses the service provided by other nodes. Due to dynamic nature of ad hoc networks, it is difficult to find out whether the node intentionally or unintentionally behaves as a selfish node. Such selfish nodes tend to save their energy in terms of CPU power, battery and bandwidth while they are assigned the work of forwarding the data to other nodes. In this Paper, we have carried out survey of various existing approaches to detect and prevent selfishness different kinds of ad hoc networks and describe the future scope regarding to that method. The literature survey depict that the existing schemes can be further modified to devise more reliable solutions to mitigate such selfish nodes.
A model of exchange rate innovation that accounts for short and long term determinants

This paper develops a model of exchange rate determination within an error correction framework. Using daily data, the intention is to identify both short and long-term determinants that can be used to forecast the AUD/USD exchange rate. Specifically, the overnight interest rate differential, Australia’s foreign trade-weighted exposure to commodity prices and exchange rate volatility all provide explanatory power for the AUD/USD exchange rate over the post float period 1984-2004. When forecast out of sample, the error correction model is found to perform better then a naive random walk model based on three different metrics. Field of Research: Exchange Rate Modelling, and, Forecasting
FMAC / CSR : a Fair MAC Protocol for Wireless Ad-hoc Networks

Recently, the issue of achieving MAC layer fairness in wireless ad-hoc networks has been extensively addressed. Mos t of the published schemes are sender-based, meaning that a sende r (of a flow) contends for the shared medium based on its own understanding of the contention on the medium. However, as clearly shown in this paper, in a wireless ad-hoc network, a sender may not have precise information of the contention on the medium, and thus a purely sender-based approach cannot always achieve fairness and sometimes it may even degrade the performance due to the incorrect understanding. On the other hand, the receiver side (of a flow) may have some crucial information that is unknown to the sender. With this observation, we propose a novel Fair MAC protocol, called FMAC/CSR, which achieves fairness using theCooperation between theSender and Receiver. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed FMAC/CSR substantially improves the MAC fairness without unduly degrading the throughput. Compared to the published works on MAC fairness, our FMAC/CSR is unique in the following senses: (1) it exploits the information available both at the sender and the receiver, (2) it achieves fairness without degrading the throughput in the scenarios where spatial reuse is not possible, and (3) it is applicable when the sensing range is greater than the transmission range.
A Way Out of the Quantum Trap

We review Event Enhanced Quantum Theory (EEQT). In Section 1 we address the question ”Is Quantum Theory the Last Word”. In particular we respond to some of challenging staments of H.P. Stapp. We also discuss a possible future of the quantum paradigm see also Section 5. In Section 2 we give a short sketch of EEQT. Examples are given in Section 3. Section 3.3 discusses a completely new phenomenon chaos and fractal-like phenomena caused by a simultaneous ”measurement” of several non-commuting observables. In Section 4 we answer ”Frequently Asked Questions” concerning EEQT mostly coming from referees of our publications. Summary and conclussions are in Section 6. 1 e-mail: ajad@ift.uni. wroc.pl
Drug Dependence Treatment Awareness among Japanese Female Stimulant Drug Offenders

Few stimulant drug users receive adequate treatment. This cross-sectional study describes the characteristics of female drug offenders that use stimulants and clarifies the factors related to the awareness of treatment for drug dependencies. We included 80 females imprisoned due to stimulant control law violations from 2012 to 2015. The characteristics of the female prisoners were stratified according to various treatment awareness levels, and associations between each characteristic and treatment awareness were evaluated using logistic regression models. The average period of stimulant drug use was 17.7 years. Participants imprisoned for the second time were significantly more likely to consider treatment compared to those imprisoned only once: odds ratio (OR) = 3.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0–10.7). This elevated OR was diluted in repeat offenders. Participants who had experienced multiple aftereffects (≥7) or serious depressive symptoms were also more likely to consider treatment: OR = 6.1 (95% CI: 1.8–20.8) and OR = 2.5 (95% CI: 1.0–6.2), respectively. Second-time stimulant offenders or offenders who had experienced health problems were more likely to consider it important to receive drug dependence treatment. To overcome relapses of stimulant use, it is recommended that stimulant use offenders are encouraged to accept adequate treatment.
An Overview of the Optical Current Sensor

This paper reviews the development of the optical current sensor (OCS). OCSs based on different schemes are presented and introduced in detail. Principles and configurations are described to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of each type. The development situations of each kind of OCSs are analyzed. Existing problems are discussed while related approaches to solve them are summarized. To promote the realistic engineering of the OCS in the electric power system, we propose some hopeful research directions in the end of the paper.
Unified Processing of Constraints for Interactive Simulation

This paper introduces a generic way of dealing with a set of different constraints (bilateral, unilateral, dry friction) in the context of interactive simulation. We show that all the mentioned constraints can be handled within a unified framework: we define the notion of generalized constraints, which can be derived into most classical constraints types. The solving method is based on an implicit treatment of constraints that provides good stability for interactive applications using deformable models and rigid bodies. Each constraint law is expressed in constraint subspace, making constraint evaluation much easier. A global solution is calculated using an iterative process that takes into account the mechanical coupling between the constraints. Various examples, from basic to more complex, show the practical advantage of using generalized constraints, as a way of creating heterogeneously constrained systems, as well as the scalability of the proposed method.
Cascading Outage Simulation Based on Dynamic Fast Decoupled Load Flow Model

 Abstract—Frequency is an important indicator of balance between active power generation and load. Active powerfrequency dynamics analysis is an important task of power system operation. This paper proposes a novel cascading outage simulation model based on dynamic Fast Decoupled Load Flow (FDLF) considering frequency deviation. A distributed slack bus model is considered in such a way that all of the dispatched generating units share the power imbalance according to their power frequency characteristics. It can reflect the frequency dynamics based on steady-state load flow calculation in the simulation of cascading outage. Also the frequency characteristics of the loads in response to the power imbalance are considered. A novel AC-OPF model introducing the system frequency deviation as a new state variable is proposed to search for a new operating condition when dynamic FDLF is not convergent. The case studies on a two-area, 4-machine power system and a Northeastern Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) 48-machine, 140-bus power system validate the proposed model. Frequency deviation obtained from dynamic FDLF model matches very well with that at the steady-state of time-domain simulation. The statistics of cascading outage samples indicates the frequency insecurity has great impacts on the severity of the cascading outage.
An autolysin ring associated with cell separation of Staphylococcus aureus

atl is a newly discovered autolysin gene in Staphylococcus aureus. The gene product, ATL, is a unique, bifunctional protein that has an amidase domain and a glucosaminidase domain. It undergoes proteolytic processing to generate two extracellular peptidoglycan hydrolases, a 59-kDa endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and a 62-kDa N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase. It has been suggested that these enzymes are involved in the separation of daughter cells after cell division. We recently demonstrated that atl gene products are cell associated (unpublished data). The cell surface localization of the atl gene products was investigated by immunoelectron microscopy using anti-62-kDa N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase or anti-51-kDa endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase immunoglobulin G. Protein A-gold particles reacting with the antigen-antibody complex were found to form a ring structure on the cell surface at the septal region for the next cell division site. Electron microscopic examination of an ultrathin section of the preembedded sample revealed preferential distribution of the gold particles at the presumptive sites for cell separation where the new septa had not been completed. The distribution of the gold particles on the surface of protoplast cells and the association of the gold particles with fibrous materials extending from the cells suggested that some atl gene products were associated with a cellular component extending from the cell membrane, such as lipoteichoic acid. The formation of a ring structure of atl gene products may be required for efficient partitioning of daughter cells after cell division.
WISDOM: a visual development framework for multi-platform wireless sensor networks

Through a new computing paradigm, the wireless sensor networks revolutionize the environment monitoring, enabling applications in a wide range of knowledge areas. However, the process of creating these applications for these networks is still not simple, depending on the target operating system and hardware. In order to fill this gap, we developed a new programming model and a framework able to generate the application source code for a user-chosen computing platform, based on a modular specification. This novel approach is easy to program and allows the generated code to be efficient, as efficiency is a paramount requirement due to severe restrictions on WSN. Two case studies are described demonstrating the potential of the framework to help software developers
Cardiac output measurement with transpulmonary ultrasound dilution is feasible in the presence of a left-to-right shunt: a validation study in lambs.

BACKGROUND Cardiac output (CO) monitoring remains complex in newborns as most of the current technologies fail to accurately measure systemic blood flow in the presence of shunts. We validated CO measurements using transpulmonary ultrasound dilution (TPUD) in a neonatal lamb model with a left-to-right shunt. METHODS Regular arterial and central venous catheters were inserted into seven lambs (3.5-8.3 kg). A surgically constructed left-to-right aorto-pulmonary Gore-Tex(®) shunt was intermittently opened and closed, while CO was manipulated by creating haemorrhagic hypotension. CO measurements with TPUD (COtpud) were compared with those obtained by an ultrasonic transit-time flow probe positioned around the main pulmonary artery (COufp). RESULTS We performed 72 sessions of three paired CO measurements. The mean COufp was 1.00 litre min(-1) (range 0.47-1.75 litre min(-1)) and mean COtpud 1.05 litre min(-1) (range 0.54-1.87 litre min(-1)). With an open shunt, the mean Qp/Qs ratio was 1.8 (range 1.3-2.6). A comparison between COufp and COtpud showed a mean bias (sd) of 0.03 (0.09) and 0.07 (0.10) litre min(-1), respectively, for measurements with a closed and an open shunt. The percentage error was 18% and 20% for measurements with a closed and an open shunt. Polar plot analysis showed good trending ability for both closed and open shunt groups. CONCLUSIONS TPUD is a reliable technology to measure CO in the presence of a left-to-right shunt.
Minds Made for Sharing: Initiating Joint Attention Recruits Reward-related Neurocircuitry

Abstract The ability and motivation to share attention is a unique aspect of human cognition. Despite its significance, the neural basis remains elusive. To investigate the neural correlates of joint attention, we developed a novel, interactive research paradigm in which participants' gaze behavior—as measured by an eye tracking device—was used to contingently control the gaze of a computer-animated character. Instructed that the character on screen was controlled by a real person outside the scanner, 21 participants interacted with the virtual other while undergoing fMRI. Experimental variations focused on leading versus following the gaze of the character when fixating one of three objects also shown on the screen. In concordance with our hypotheses, results demonstrate, firstly, that following someone else's gaze to engage in joint attention resulted in activation of anterior portion of medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) known to be involved in the supramodal coordination of perceptual and cognitive processes. Secondly, directing someone else's gaze toward an object activated the ventral striatum which—in light of ratings obtained from participants—appears to underlie the hedonic aspects of sharing attention. The data, therefore, support the idea that other-initiated joint attention relies upon recruitment of MPFC previously related to the “meeting of minds. ” In contrast, self-initiated joint attention leads to a differential increase of neural activity in reward-related brain areas, which might contribute to the uniquely human motivation to engage in the sharing of experiences.
The MAJC Architecture: A Synthesis of Parallelism and Scalability

The MAJC architecture enhances application performance by exploiting parallelism at multiple levels-instruction, data, thread, and process. Supporting vertical multithreading, speculative multithreading, and chip multiprocessors, the scalable VLIW architecture is also capable of advanced speculation and predication and treats all data types similarly.
On Experimental Design for Diagnosing Student Learning Problems in Higher Education

Students often face difficulties on the basic programming courses due to several factors. Meanwhile, many papers have presented subjective assessments for diagnosing learning problems to improve the teaching of programming in higher education. In this paper, we propose an Object Oriented conceptual map model, with an approach constructed into three levels: constructing Concept Effect Propagation Table, constructing Test Item-Concept Relationships and diagnosing Student Learning Problems with Matrix Composition. Our work is a modification of the approaches of Chen and Bai, and Chu et al, by using statistical methods, rather than fuzzy sets, for our analysis. This paper includes a statistical summary that has been used with a small sample of students in King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, illustrating the learning problems in an Object Oriented course. The experimental results have demonstrated that this approach might be able to aid learning and teaching in an effective way.
Central European Journal of Biology

1 The effect of genotype on a barley scutella culture. Histological aspects. Abbreviations: BAP – 6-benzylaminopurine; 2.4-D – 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; PAA – phenylacetic acid; TDZ – thidiazuron.
MEASURING TOTAL PARTICLE EXTINCTION FROM THE MIPAS-E INSTRUMENT

As highlighted in the third assessment report of the Inte rgovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2001, atmospheric fine particles, or aerosols, have a direct effect on the radiative forcing of climate change. Using measurements by the limb-viewing Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding on ENVISAT (MIPAS-E) we retrieve global measurements of total particle extinction (TPE) in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere using the OPERA scheme. For each season in 2003, we observe tropical and polar tropospheric clouds with extinctions exceeding 10 -3 km -1 , together with polar stratospheric clouds at the winter pole at altitudes above 18 km. We observe a continuous range of particle extinctions from 2x10 -3 km -1 to less than 5x10 -5 km -1 . We also verify the close relationship between the ‘cloud index’ flagging employed in operational MIPAS retrievals and OPERA retrieved TPEs.
Estimation of Illumination Distribution from a Single Image for Outdoor Mixed Reality

In mixed reality (MR) system, it is important to add shading and shadows of virtual objects correctly in order to adjust the view of the virtual objects with the real scene. To achieve the photometric consistency, we need to estimate the illumination distribution of the real scene. At this time, it is preferable to be able to estimate the illumination distribution from a background image without any extra devices. This paper describes a method to estimate the illumination distribution from a single image using shadows for outdoor mixed reality (MR) system. In previous works, particular reference objects or two input images with/without a reference object are required. There is also a difficulty in stably estimating surrounding light distributions because the sun light is too stronger than the sky light. We propose a method to obtain the shadow information from a single image using an illumination invariant value. Moreover, the uniform sky model is applied to estimate the surrounding light distribution stably. The experimental results show the accuracy and the stability of our method in comparison to the conventional methods.
Wireless Parallel Computing and its Links to Descriptive Complexity

Wireless Parallel Turing Machine (WPTM) is a new computational model recently introduced and studied by the authors. Its design captures important features of wireless mobile computing. In this paper we survey the results related to the descriptive complexity aspects of the new model. In particular, we show a tight relationship of wireless parallel computing to alternating and synchronized alternating Turing machines. This relationship opens, e.g., the road to circuit complexity by offering an elegant WPTM characterization of bounded uniform circuit families, such as NC and NC. The structural properties of computational graphs of WPTM computations inspire definitions of new complexity measures capturing important aspects of wireless computations: energy consumption and the number of broadcasting channels used during computation. These measures do not seem to have direct counterparts in alternating computations. We mention some results related to these new structural measures, e.g., a polynomial time–bounded complexity hierarchy based on channel complexity, lying between P and PSPACE which seems to be incomparable to the standard polynomial–time alternating hierarchy.
Model Predictive Controller Design for an Autonomous Corner Module

With the growing interest for vehicles with electric propulsion, research has been done on more modular car designs where the driveline and steering system is integrated in the wheel corners. Such a corner module containing an in-wheel motor and active brake and steering system is denoted as an Autonomous Corner Module (ACM). Using this module tyre forces can be freely assigned within the chassis solution, which could lead to improved stability. The goal of the thesis is to design a controller for an ACM which needs to generate two desired output forces (longitudinal and lateral) using the inputs (wheel spin velocity and steering angle). The controller design is restricted to the field of Model Predictive Control, since this method can deal with nonlinearities, multivariable systems and constraints. Throughout the thesis the potential of MPC for this particular application is investigated. Two types of controllers are proposed, the first type is a Non-linear MPC where the non-linear model is directly used in the online optimization. The design method allows for easy adjustment of the model, but the non-linear optimization is time consuming and therefore only applicable at velocities up to 20 km/h. To speed up the computation time, a second controller is proposed, which is a Linear Time Varying MPC. This type of controller is faster than the NMPC, since the optimization is performed on a local linearization of the non-linear model. Simulation results show that this controller could be a serious option for online implementation for velocities up to 50 km/h.
Generic Advertising for Fish: Results from a Research-based Campaign

Before and after the 3-year generic advertising campaign for fresh fish in Denmark, representative consumer samples were surveyed with regard to their attitudes towards fresh fish, perceived family norms, availability of fresh fish in shops, meal preparation skills, intentions to buy fresh fish, and actual consumption frequencies. In the pre-campaign survey (effective N = 641), significant determinants of consumption frequency were availability in shops, meal preparation skills, and intentions to buy fresh fish. Consistent with the intended effects of the campaign, availability in shops and meal preparation skills lost their influence in the post-campaign survey (effective N = 523). Instead, family norms were the only direct as well as indirect (mediated by intention to buy) influences on consumption frequency. Mean levels of intention to buy and consumption frequency were significantly higher after the campaign.
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication PrinciplesDetecting Terror-Related Activities on the Web with Using Data Mining Techniques

An innovative knowledge-based methodology for terrorist detection by using Web traffic content as the audit information is presented. The proposed methodology learns the typical behavior (`profile') of terrorists by applying a data mining algorithm to the textual content of terror-related Web sites. The resulting profile is used by the system to perform real-time detection of users suspected of being engaged in terrorist activities. The receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analysis shows that this methodology can outperform a command based intrusion detection system.