Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of GABAA Receptor α Subunit Isoforms on the Benzodiazepine Binding Site

Classical benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, interact with αxβ2γ2 GABAA receptors, x = 1, 2, 3, 5 and modulate their function. Modulation of different receptor isoforms probably results in selective behavioural effects as sedation and anxiolysis. Knowledge of differences in the structure of the binding pocket in different receptor isoforms is of interest for the generation of isoform-specific ligands. We studied here the interaction of the covalently reacting diazepam analogue 3-NCS with α1S204Cβ2γ2, α1S205Cβ2γ2 and α1T206Cβ2γ2 and with receptors containing the homologous mutations in α2β2γ2, α3β2γ2, α5β1/2γ2 and α6β2γ2. The interaction was studied using radioactive ligand binding and at the functional level using electrophysiological techniques. Both strategies gave overlapping results. Our data allow conclusions about the relative apposition of α1S204Cβ2γ2, α1S205Cβ2γ2 and α1T206Cβ2γ2 and homologous positions in α2, α3, α5 and α6 with C-atom adjacent to the keto-group in diazepam. Together with similar data on the C-atom carrying Cl in diazepam, they indicate that the architecture of the binding site for benzodiazepines differs in each GABAA receptor isoform α1β2γ2, α2β2γ2, α3β2γ2, α5β1/2γ2 and α6β2γ2.
Sensitivity estimates from characteristic functions

We investigate the application of thelikelihood ratio method(LRM) for sensitivity estimation when the relevant density for the underlying model is known only through its characteristic function or Laplace transform. This problem arises in financial applications, where sensitivities are used for managing risk and where a substantial class of models have transition densities known only through their transforms. We quantify various sources of errors arising when numerical transform inversion is used to sample through the characteristic function and to evaluate the density and its derivative, as required in LRM. This analysis provides guidance for setting parameters in the method to accelerate convergence.
Tutor-child interactions in bookmaking: Scaffolding children's early literacy understandings /

Recently, the leaders of our nation have committed millions of federal and local dollars to a literacy volunteer initiative. The purpose of the initiative is to engage one million individuals of all ages to unite in an effort to ensure that all United States children can read independently by the third grade. Many of these volunteers will be tutoring children in literacy skills. While the nationwide commitment to helping young children become literate is encouraging, the assumption that individuals can become effective literacy instructors with no specific, or planned preparation, is daunting. It is imperative that researchers and teachers of reading make an immediate effort to examine, define, and disseminate structures of effective literacy tutoring for use by these volunteers. Only with the support of the literacy community can this large-scale volunteer initiative make the desired impact on our nation’s literacy rates. The purpose of this study. Tutor-child interactions in book-maldng: Scaffolding children's early literacy understandings, was to examine and describe the tutoring behaviors of eight highly trained tutors as they made books with a total of 23 children. The results of the investigation provide insight into the contexts and structures within which volunteer tutors, when adequately supported, can facilitate literacy learning. Among the principle findings, overall, tutors spoke three times more frequently than the children, tutors and children shared in the task of writing text, and tutors used a wide range of prompting when assisting children. Without exception, the most frequently used prompts were providing information, questioning to assist, evaluating, modeling, and managing the task. Specific established contexts also appeared to facilitate assisted literacy acquisition, including routinized interactions, active acknowledgment of prior experiences, and intersubjectivity. The results of this study have several implications for supporting literacy volunteers. In brief, it is important to provide tutors training in ways to observe and listen to children, to instruct tutors on several different types of assistance and how to use them in ways that can facilitate strategic problem-solving in children, and to assess potential tutors’ skills and availability and assign them tasks based on their potential to carry them out effectively.
Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan Bahaya Merokok Dengan Perilaku Merokok Pada Mahasiswa Di Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Smoking is one bad habit, but among students smoking is a trend that can not be avoided even though academically education tentanng the dangers of smoking has been delivered in every lecture session. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge of the dangers of smoking and smoking behavior in the students at the University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta. This research is a type of quantitative research, with research design used descriptive correlative. The population that became the object of this study were male students of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta in the year of 2015, while the sample of the study was 79 students of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta with accidental sampling technique. Data analysis using chi square. Based on the results of the study it is known that there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge of the dangers of smoking and smoking behavior in the students at the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta (p = 0.044). Sugesstion: The need to improve the knowledge of students about the dangers of smoking.
The Stellar Observations Network Group - the Prototype

The Stellar Observations Network Group (SONG) has obtained full funding for the design, construction and implementation of a prototype telescope and instrumentation package for the first network node. We describe the layout of such a node and its instrumentation and expected performance for radial-velocity measurements. The instrumentation consists of a 1m telescope, equipped with two cameras for photometry of microlensing events with the lucky-imaging technique and a high-resolution spectrograph equipped with an iodine cell for obtaining high-precision radial velocities of solar-like stars, in order to do asteroseismology. The telescope will be located in a dome of ~ 4.5 m diameter, with two lucky-imaging cameras at one of the Nasmyth foci and the spectrograph and instrument control computers at a Coud{\'e} focus, located in an adjacent container. Currently the prototype telescope and instrumentation are undergoing detailed design. Installation at the first site (Tenerife) is expected during mid-late 2010, followed by extensive testing during 2011.
A HYBRID MONTE CARLO-DIFFUSION METHOD FOR RADIATION TRANSPORT ON ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT-TYPE MESHES

Discrete Diffusion Monte Carlo (DDMC) is a technique for increasing the efficiency of Monte Carlo simulations in diffusive media. We present a new DDMC method for linear, steady-state, radiation transport on Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) meshes in two-dimensional Cartesian geometry. We specifically examine the cases of (i) a regular mesh structure without refinement, (ii) a refined mesh structure where neighboring cells differ in refinement, and (iii) a boundary mesh structure at the interface between a diffusive region (where DDMC is used) and a non-diffusive region (where standard Monte Carlo is employed). With a test problem consisting of both diffusive and non-diffusive regions, we demonstrate that our new DDMC technique is more computationally efficient than standard Monte Carlo while still producing accurate solutions.
Staying Alive: A Virtual Reality Visualization Tool for Cancer Patients

We present a computer vision and virtual reality application for cancer patients. Currently, visualization and imagery techniques are becoming a routine part of the treatment of the ill. Mounting evidence shows the effectiveness of using self-imagery to encourage the immune system to boost its effort to defend the body from disease. Furthermore, while stress has been shown to retard the immune system, relaxation has the opposite effect. To that end, we are developing a virtual reality visualization tool for cancer patients called Staying Alive. The system provides a means for users to relax while directly visualizing their immune systems fighting off their diseases. White, red, and malignant blood cells are modeled as simple autonomous agents in the environment. The user controls a white blood cell, navigates through the blood stream, and "digests" malignant cells found along the way. To control the virtual environment, the user, free of wires and other such encumberments, engages the system simply by standing in a room, practicing T’ai Chi gestures. Computer vision techniques are employed to recognize the gestures in real time.
eMailSift: mining-based approaches to email classification

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Use of Oral Cholera Vaccines in an Outbreak in Vietnam: A Case Control Study

Background Killed oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) are available but not used routinely for cholera control except in Vietnam, which produces its own vaccine. In 2007–2008, unprecedented cholera outbreaks occurred in the capital, Hanoi, prompting immunization in two districts. In an outbreak investigation, we assessed the effectiveness of killed OCV use after a cholera outbreak began. Methodology/Principal Findings From 16 to 28 January 2008, vaccination campaigns with the Vietnamese killed OCV were held in two districts of Hanoi. No cholera cases were detected from 5 February to 4 March 2008, after which cases were again identified. Beginning 8 April 2008, residents of four districts of Hanoi admitted to one of five hospitals for acute diarrhea with onset after 5 March 2008 were recruited for a matched, hospital-based, case-control outbreak investigation. Cases were matched by hospital, admission date, district, gender, and age to controls admitted for non-diarrheal conditions. Subjects from the two vaccinated districts were evaluated to determine vaccine effectiveness. 54 case-control pairs from the vaccinated districts were included in the analysis. There were 8 (15%) and 16 (30%) vaccine recipients among cases and controls, respectively. The vaccine was 76% protective against cholera in this setting (95% CI 5% to 94%, P = 0.042) after adjusting for intake of dog meat or raw vegetables and not drinking boiled or bottled water most of the time. Conclusions/Significance This is the first study to explore the effectiveness of the reactive use of killed OCVs during a cholera outbreak. Our findings suggest that killed OCVs may have a role in controlling cholera outbreaks.
Deletion of Connexin45 in Mouse Retinal Neurons Disrupts the Rod/Cone Signaling Pathway between AII Amacrine and ON Cone Bipolar Cells and Leads to Impaired Visual Transmission

Connexin45 (Cx45) is known to be expressed in the retina, but its functional analysis was problematic because general deletion of Cx45 coding DNA resulted in cardiovascular defects and embryonic lethality at embryonic day 10.5. We generated mice with neuron-directed deletion of Cx45 and concomitant activation of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). EGFP labeling was observed in bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cell populations. Intracellular microinjection of fluorescent dyes in EGFP-labeled somata combined with immunohistological markers revealed Cx45 expression in both ON and OFF cone bipolar cells. The scotopic electroretinogram of mutant mice revealed a normal a-wave but a 40% reduction in the b-wave amplitude, similar to that found in Cx36-deficient animals, suggesting a possible defect in the rod pathway of visual transmission. Indeed, neurotransmitter coupling between AII amacrine cells and Cx45-expressing cone bipolar cells was disrupted in Cx45-deficient mice. These data suggest that both Cx45 and Cx36 participate in the formation of functional heterotypic electrical synapses between these two types of retinal neurons that make up the major rod pathway.
Wage Frontiers in Pre & Post-Crisis Spain: Implications for Welfare and Inequality

This paper explores the evolution of wages in Spain using a stochastic frontier approach (SFA) to estimate the wage frontiers of workers in Spain as a function of their human capital (education, experience and occupation), year and region. Once the wage frontier has been estimated an analysis is made of determinants (type of contract, economic cycle, gender and region), which may contribute to the workers having difficulties in achieving their maximum attainable potential salary. Given our specific interest in comparing wages before and after the crisis, we monitor the effect on hourly wage of changes in the level of Spanish Gross Domestic Product for the period 2004-2015. For this purpose, a panel data model (Greene, 2005) is used to estimate the stochastic frontier. The data is obtained from the Spanish Living Conditions Survey. Coinciding with three waves (2004-2007, 2008-2011 and 2012-2015) of the SCLS, our database conveniently encompasses differing economic cycles for estimation. Results show that the difficulty of workers in achieving their potential wage is greater at the end of the post-crisis period than the pre-crisis period. Whilst serving to throw some light on the potential and real wages available to Spanish workers before and after the onset of the economic crisis, the paper also offers a brief glimpse of the effect on individual welfare and evidence of an increasing trend in inequality in the post-crisis period.
Observation–execution matching system for speech: a magnetic stimulation study

Observation of limb movements in human subjects resulted in increased motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude elicited by magnetic stimulation of motor cortex in the muscles involved in that movement, suggesting that an observation–execution matching (OEM) system exists in humans. We investigated whether the OEM system is activated by speech gestures presented in the visual and auditory modalities. We found that visual observation of speech movement enhanced MEP ampli- tude specifically in muscles involved in production of the observed speech. In contrast, listening to the sound did not produce MEP enhancement. The findings suggest that the OEM system may be modality specific. It may be involved in action recognition in the visual modality, but is not responsible for perception of simple items of sound.
An Optimization Framework for Semi-Supervised and Transfer Learning using Multiple Classifiers and Clusterers

Unsupervised models can provide supplementary soft constraints to help classify new, "target" data since similar instances in the target set are more likely to share the same class label. Such models can also help detect possible differences between training and target distributions, which is useful in applications where concept drift may take place, as in transfer learning settings. This paper describes a general optimization framework that takes as input class membership estimates from existing classifiers learnt on previously encountered "source" data, as well as a similarity matrix from a cluster ensemble operating solely on the target data to be classified, and yields a consensus labeling of the target data. This framework admits a wide range of loss functions and classification/clustering methods. It exploits properties of Bregman divergences in conjunction with Legendre duality to yield a principled and scalable approach. A variety of experiments show that the proposed framework can yield results substantially superior to those provided by popular transductive learning techniques or by naively applying classifiers learnt on the original task to the target data.
Designing with mobile digital storytelling in rural Africa

We reflect on activities to design a mobile application to enable rural people in South Africa's Eastern Cape to record and share their stories, which have implications for 'cross-cultural design,' and the wider use of stories in design. We based our initial concept for generating stories with audio and photos on cell-phones on a scenario informed by abstracting from digital storytelling projects globally and our personal experience. But insights from ethnography, and technology experiments involving storytelling, in a rural village led us to query our grounding assumptions and usability criteria. So, we implemented a method using cell-phones to localise storytelling, involve rural users and probe ways to incorporate visual and audio media. Products from this method helped us to generate design ideas for our current prototype which offers great flexibility. Thus we present a new way to depict stories digitally and a process for improving such software.
Heuristics Miners for Streaming Event Data

More and more business activities are performed using information systems. These systems produce such huge amounts of event data that existing systems are unable to store and process them. Moreover, few processes are in steady-state and due to changing circumstances processes evolve and systems need to adapt continuously. Since conventional process discovery algorithms have been defined for batch processing, it is difficult to apply them in such evolving environments. Existing algorithms cannot cope with streaming event data and tend to generate unreliable and obsolete results. In this paper, we discuss the peculiarities of dealing with streaming event data in the context of process mining. Subsequently, we present a general framework for defining process mining algorithms in settings where it is impossible to store all events over an extended period or where processes evolve while being analyzed. We show how the Heuristics Miner, one of the most effective process discovery algorithms for practical applications, can be modified using this framework. Different stream-aware versions of the Heuristics Miner are defined and implemented in ProM. Moreover, experimental results on artificial and real logs are reported.
Computation of curvatures over discrete geometry using biharmonic surfaces

The computation of curvature quantities over discrete geometry is often required when processing geometry composed of meshes. Curvature information is often important for the purpose of shape analysis, feature recognition and geometry segmentation. In this paper we present a method for accurate estimation of curvature on discrete geometry especially those composed of meshes. We utilise a method based on fitting a continuous surface arising from the solution of the Biharmonic equation subject to suitable boundary conditions over a 1-ring neighbourhood of the mesh geometry model. This enables us to accurately determine the curvature distribution of the local area. We show how the curvature can be computed efficiently by means of utilising an analytic solution representation of the chosen Biharmonic equation. In order to demonstrate the method we present a series of examples whereby we show how the curvature can be efficiently computed over complex geometry which are represented discretely by means of mesh models.
Covert channel detection: A survey based analysis

Secret communication via network has always been an area of interest for many. It has not only attracted the trusted parties to communicate with each other secretly but has also attracted the hackers/attackers to find ways to discover and leak the information and use the network in a manner that violate security policies. Steganography and covert channels are most widely used approaches for secret communication. Number of detecting techniques has been proposed for steganography and covert channel detection. This paper covers detecting techniques of covert channel only as the covert channel is a modern way of leaking information and it is difficult to detect such channels. Covert channel falls into two categories: storage covert channel and timing covert channel. Storage covert channel is created by manipulating the header fields of packets whereas timing covert channel is created by timing of event i.e. arrival pattern of packets. In this paper different techniques for detecting storage and timing covert has been surveyed and analysis of these techniques is done.
Microvascular angina: angina that predominantly affects women

In women receiving evaluation for suspected ischemic symptoms, a "normal" diagnosis is five times more common than it is in men. These women are often labeled as having cardiac syndrome X, also known as microvascular angina (MVA). MVA is defined as angina pectoris caused by abnormalities of the small coronary arteries, and is characterized by effort chest pain and evidence of myocardial ischemia with a non-invasive stress test, although the coronary arteries can appear normal or near normal by angiography. MVA patients are often neglected due to the assumption of a good prognosis. However, MVA has important prognostic implications and a proper diagnosis is necessary in order to relieve the patients' symptoms and improve clinical outcomes. The coronary microvasculature cannot be directly imaged using coronary angiography, due to the small diameter of the vessels; therefore, the coronary microvascular must be assessed functionally. Treatment of MVA initially includes standard anti-ischemic drugs (β-blockers, calcium antagonists, and nitrates), although control of symptoms is often insufficient. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of MVA.
Social Media and Young Adult's Well-Being

Social media has become an integral part of young adult’s lives today. It has moved well beyond simple entertainment, and now can have a profound effect on many areas of functioning. The current study examines various aspects of well-being to see if there is a connection between social media use and global well-being. The participants for this study were 217 undergraduate students from Fort Hays State University. Participants completed a survey designed to measure overall well-being and broad aspects of overall well-being that included the Public Health Surveillance Well-Being Scale (PHS-WB), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS), and the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS). It was hypothesized that greater social media use would have a negative effect on one's self report of well-being. Results did not indicate a significant relationship between social media use and the measure of overall well-being (PHS-WB) or the measure of relationship satisfaction (RAS). However, results did indicate that participants who used social media more had lower scores on the measure of self-esteem (RSES) and higher scores on the measure of social physique anxiety (SPAS). Further analysis also showed that the RSES, RAS, and SPAS had a significant relationship with the PHS-WB, implying that all three measure aspects of well-being. These results suggest that while social media use did not appear to have a significant relationship with overall well-being or relationship satisfaction, it did have a significant relationship with self-esteem and social physique anxiety. Results supported previous research that showed that social media has a complicated relationship with well-being, that can be influenced by a number of factors, including self-esteem. Results also supported research that showed that social media can have a negative effect on self-esteem and body satisfaction. However, these results were contradictory to research which showed that social media use can have a negative effect on relationship satisfaction.