Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Hippocampus in Solving the Morris Water Maze

We suggest that the hippocampus plays two roles that allow rodents to solve the hidden-platform water maze: self-localization and route replay. When an animal explores an environment such as the water maze, the combination of place fields and correlational (Hebbian) long-term potentiation produces a weight matrix in the CA3 recurrent collaterals such that cells with overlapping place fields are more strongly interconnected than cells with nonoverlapping fields. When combined with global inhibition, this forms an attractor with coherent representations of position as stable states. When biased by local view information, this allows the animal to determine its position relative to the goal when it returns to the environment. We call this self-localization. When an animal traces specific routes within an environment, the weights in the CA3 recurrent collaterals become asymmetric. We show that this stores these routes in the recurrent collaterals. When primed with noise in the absence of sensory input, a coherent representation of position still forms in the CA3 population, but then that representation drifts, retracing a route. We show that these two mechanisms can coexist and form a basis for memory consolidation, explaining the anterograde and limited retrograde amnesia seen following hippocampal lesions.
Risk-Aware Cooperative Spectrum Access for Multi-Channel Cognitive Radio Networks

In this paper, risk-aware cooperative spectrum access schemes for cognitive radio networks (CRNs) with multiple channels are proposed, whereby multiple primary users (PUs) operating over different channels choose trustworthy secondary users (SUs) as relays to improve throughput, and in return SUs gain transmission opportunities. To study the multi-channel cooperative spectrum access, cooperation over single channel is investigated first, which involves a PU selecting the suitable SU and granting a period of access time to the selected SU as a reward, considering trustworthiness of SUs. The above procedure is modeled as a Stackelberg game, through which access time allocation and power allocation are obtained. Based on the above results, cooperation over multiple channels is studied from the perspectives of the primary network and secondary network, respectively. Two schemes are proposed accordingly: the primary network-centric matching (PCM) scheme and the secondary network-centric cluster-based (SCC) scheme. In PCM scheme, cooperating SU for each channel is determined to maximize the total utility of the primary network, which is formulated as a maximum weight matching problem. In SCC scheme, SUs first form a cluster to share the channel state information (CSI), and the best SUs are selected for cooperation with PUs over different channels to obtain the maximum aggregate access time for the secondary network. Then, SUs share the obtained resource using congestion game and quadrature signalling. Numerical results demonstrate that, with the proposed schemes, PUs can achieve higher throughput, while SUs can obtain longer average access time, compared with the random channel access approach.
Fin Width and Bias Dependence of the Response of Triple-Gate MOSFETs to Total Dose Irradiation

The total ionizing dose response of triple-gate MOSFETs is investigated for various fin widths and bias conditions. Experiments and simulations are used to analyze the buildup of trapped charge in the buried oxide and its impact on the threshold-voltage shift and subthreshold-slope degradation. The higher total-dose tolerance of multiple-gate FinFETs with narrow fins is attributed to lateral gate control over the electrostatic potential in the body and especially at the Si fin/BOX interface. It is demonstrated that ON-state irradiation is the worst-case bias configuration for triple-gate MOSFETs through extensive experimental analysis.
Implications of the IABC excellence study for PR education

The 15‐year study of excellence in public relations and communication management in the USA, the UK and Canada produced an explanation of the value of PR to an organisation and a set of theoretical principles describing how the communication function should be organised, structured and practised in an organisation. These principles provide a theoretical benchmark for auditing the quality of a PR unit. This paper identifies the implications of these principles for PR education at the undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing education levels and for management education in MBA programmes. The excellence study suggests, first, that all PR education must instil in students the view that PR is a strategic managerial function rather than a technical support function for other managerial functions. Undergraduate programmes should continue to develop superior communication skills in their students, but they must frame these technical skills in principles of strategic management, research and ethics and social responsibility. Postgraduate and continuing education programmes should focus on strategic management and research skills and educate future managers to be ethics officers in the organisation. MBA programmes should include a unit on PR in a subject area such as strategic management, public affairs or corporate social responsibility to prepare them to work with PR professionals when they become senior executives. PR education at all of these levels and in both communication and MBA programmes should educate students to practise PR globally.
Prewar, War-Zone, and Postwar Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress in Female Vietnam Veteran Health Care Providers

Using the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study database, we explored predictors of current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity in 373 female Vietnam veteran health care providers. We derived war-zone stressor scales to encompass general contextual and specific occupational stressors. To assess the comparative impact of war-zone stressors, we included measures of prewar and postwar factors in a multivariate model. PTSD symptom severity was significantly related to war-zone deprivation, dilemmas for health care providers, purposelessness, and unit cohesion. In contrast, the war-zone stressors more clearly identifiable as crite-rion-A-level traumatic exposure were not directly related to outcome. Results support the clinical relevance of war-zone occupational stressors while emphasizing the predominance of postwar emotional support and life events in the expression of chronic PTSD symptoms among this population.
Accurate and reproducible semi-automatic liver segmentation using haptic interaction

In this work, we describe and evaluate a semi-automatic method for liver segmentation in CT images using a 3D interface with haptic feedback and stereo graphics. Recently, we reported our fast semi-automatic method using fast marching segmentation. Four users performed initialization of the method for 52 datasets by manually drawing seed-regions directly in 3D using the haptic interface. Here, we evaluate our segmentation method by computing accuracy based on newly obtained manual delineations by two radiologists for 23 datasets. We also show that by performing subsequent segmentation with an interactive deformable model, we can increase segmentation accuracy. Our method shows high reproducibility compared to manual delineation. The mean precision for the manual delineation is 89%, while it is 97% for the fast marching method. With the subsequent deformable mesh segmentation, we obtain a mean precision of 98%. To assess accuracy, we construct a fuzzy ground truth by averaging the manual delineations. The mean sensitivity for the fast marching segmentation is 93% and the specificity is close to 100%. When we apply deformable model segmentation, we obtain a sensitivity increase of three percentage points while the high specificity is maintained. The mean interaction time for the deformable model segmentation is 1.5 minutes. We present a fully 3D liver segmentation method where high accuracy and precision is efficiently obtained via haptic interaction in a 3D user interface. Our method makes it possible to avoid time-consuming manual delineation, which otherwise is a common option prior to, e.g., hepatic surgery planning.
Monotonic hypotheses in multiple group designs: A Monte Carlo study.

Monotonic hypotheses are predictions about the ordering of group population means. A journal survey revealed that the problem was very common and that there was little uniformity among researchers regarding the statistical test to use. Most of the approaches in the literature to detect both monotonic trend and nonmonotonicity were compared under varying population conditions in a Monte Carlo simulation
Injecting CSP for Fun and Security

Content Security Policy (CSP) defends against Cross Site Scripting (XSS) by restricting execution of JavaScript to a set of trusted sources listed in the CSP header. A high percentage (90%) of sites among the Alexa top 1,000 that deploy CSP use the keyword Unsafe-inline, which permits all inline scripts to run— including attacker–injected scripts—making CSP ineffective against XSS attacks. We present a system that constructs a CSP policy for web sites by whitelisting only expected content scripts on a site. When deployed, this auto-generated CSP policy can effectively protect a site’s visitors from XSS attacks by blocking injected (non-whitelisted) scripts from being executed. While by no means perfect, our system can provide significantly improved resistance to XSS for sites not yet using CSP.
Subdivision Algorithms for Ruled Surfaces

Recent research has produced results on subdivision in arbitrary man- ifolds. These results can be applied to the manifold of lines and thus we can create subdivision schemes especially for ruled surfaces. We present different methods for refining discrete models of ruled surfaces: An algorithm combining subdivision and projection to the manifold of lines in Euclidean three-space. A further al- gorithm combines subdivision for the striction curve with geodesic subdivision in the Euclidean unit sphere. The third method is based on the Denavit-Hartenberg- Method for serial robots. We refine the sequence of motions of the Sannia frame by means of geodesic subdivision in the group of Euclidean motions.
Destabilizing homonormativity and the public/private dichotomy in North American lesbian domestic violence discourses

Developing and circulating community-based educational materials and offering workshops are common feminist approaches to addressing violence in lesbian relationships. This article explores the racialized exclusions in the public/private dichotomy in community-based educational discourses about ‘lesbian domestic violence’. An examination of community-based educational materials and interviews with lesbian and queer feminist educators illustrates how the public/private dichotomy produces exclusions and makes certain forms of violence enacted on certain bodies unthinkable and unintelligible. While these discourses challenge heteronormative constructions of violence, they have relied on a simple conceptual framework that has had the effect of promoting a dominant narrative or regime of truth privileging white, middle-class lesbian experiences. This article seeks to destabilize homonormative constructions by arguing for an anti-colonial feminist spatial analysis of violence in same-sex/gender relationships.
WHSC1L1 drives cell cycle progression through transcriptional regulation of CDC6 and CDK2 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Wolf-Hisrchhorn Syndrome Candidate 1-Like 1 (WHSC1L1) is a protein lysine methyltransferase that is recurrently amplified (8p11.23) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). In this study, we investigated the oncogenic role of WHSC1L1 in SCCHN. Using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays of patients with locoregionally advanced SCCHN, we found that WHSC1L1 is significantly overexpressed in patients with SCCHN, and is associated with poor grade and heavy smoking history. Knockdown of WHSC1L1 expression resulted in significant growth suppression and reduction of H3K36 dimethylation (H3K36me2) in SCCHN cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that WHSC1L1 and H3K36me2 are enriched in the gene bodies of the cell cycle-related genes CDC6 and CDK2, implying that WHSC1L1 directly regulates the transcription of these genes. According to the importance of CDC6 and CDK2 for G1 to S transition, WHSC1L1 knockdown induced strong G0/G1 arrest which was rescued by introduction of wild-type WHSC1L1 but not by that of enzyme-inactive WHSC1L1. Our results imply that WHSC1L1 and its product H3K36me2 are essential for the transition from G1 to S phase in SCCHN cells and that WHSC1L1 could serve as a rational target for anticancer drug development for patients with head and neck cancer.
Validity of the Yo-Yo intermittent endurance test in young soccer players

Abstract The Yo-Yo intermittent endurance test is frequently used to assess aerobic endurance performance in young soccer players but only the logical validity of the test has been shown to date. The main ai m of this study was to assess the criterion (i.e. association with maximal aerobic capacity, [Vdot]O2max) and construct validities of the test in young soccer players. A secondary aim was to examine possible shared variance of the Yo-Yo intermittent endurance test with other physical capacities. Sixty-two soccer players (age 13.7±0.5 years) from an Under-14 team participated. All players performed a battery of fitness tests to assess [Vdot]O2max, aerobic endurance performance (Yo-Yo intermittent endurance test), soccer dribbling endurance performance (Hoff dribbling test), and power performance (maximal vertical jump, 30-m sprint with 10-m split time). Results showed that the Yo-Yo intermittent endurance test was strongly correlated with [Vdot]O2max (r=0.63, P<0.001), thereby showing the test's criterion validity. Players with the best performance on the Yo-Yo intermittent endurance test had significantly higher [Vdot]O2max (P<0.001, large effect), and significantly better soccer dribbling endurance (P<0.001, large effect) and 30-m sprint times (P<0.05, medium effect). Logistic regression (r=0.79, P=0.0001) showed that Hoff dribbling test performance (explained variance=50.4%), [Vdot]O2max (explained variance=39.7%), and 30-m sprint time (explained variance=14.4%) were significant independent parameters contributing to performance on the Yo-Yo intermittent endurance test. Therefore, the Yo-Yo intermittent endurance test is a valid on-field aerobic endurance performance test for young soccer players, which can also be used to differentiate the maximal aerobic capacity, soccer dribbling endurance, and 30-m sprint performance of these players.
Sniffer Channel Assignment With Imperfect Monitoring for Cognitive Radio Networks

Sniffer channel assignment (SCA) is a fundamental building block for wireless data capture, which is essential for traffic monitoring and network forensics. Most of the existing SCA approaches for cognitive radio networks (CRNs) adopt optimization-based methods and rely on the prior knowledge of the secondary user (SU) activities. To relax this constraint, learning-based methods have been recently developed; however, there is still insufficient theoretical understanding within the learning framework for SCA. In this paper, we aim to maximize the total amount of the captured SU traffic, and we formulate the SCA problem as a nonstochastic/adversarial multiarmed bandit problem. Moreover, the inherent error in wireless capturing, i.e., imperfect monitoring, is considered in our model. We propose two online learning algorithms for the SCA scenarios with and without channel switching costs, respectively, and their regret performances are proved uniformly sublinear in time and polynomial in the number of channels. The numerical evaluation shows, in addition to their robust regret performances, the proposed algorithms greatly outperform the existing SCA approaches in the amount of effectively captured SU traffic.
Tertiary Education and Prosperity in Developing Countries : Catholic Missions to Luminosity in India ∗

This paper estimates the causal impact of tertiary education on luminosity across Indian districts. We address the potential endogeneity of tertiary education using the location of Catholic missions in 1911 as an instrument for current tertiary education. Controlling for geographical and historical characteristics of districts, we find Catholic missions have a large and positive impact on tertiary education. Catholics were not at the forefront of tertiary education in colonial India, but they established a dense network of high quality colleges following Indian independence. The IV estimates find a large and positive impact of tertiary education on development, as measured by night light satellite data. Our results are robust to alternative measures of development such as district GDP per-capita. In addition, sensitivity analyses suggest the findings are not driven by alternative channels by which historical missions could impact current income. JEL classification: I25, N35,O15
Motives of Sanctioning: Equity and Emotions in a Public Good Experiment with Punishment

We study conditional cooperation based on a sequential two-person linear public good game in which a trusting first contributor can be exploited by a second contributor. After playing this game the first contributor is allowed to punish the second contributor. The consequences of sanctioning depend on the treatment: whereas punishment can reduce inequality in one treatment, it only creates another inequality in the other. To capture the effect of delay on punishment both treatments are run once with immediate and once with delayed punishment. Moreover, to investigate the effect of pure voice, all four treatments are also run in a virtual condition with no monetary consequences of punishment. Results show the emergence across all conditions of a strong norm of conditional cooperation. Punishment is generally low, it is higher when not delayed and it is not used to reduce inequality in payoffs. The main motive of sanctioning appears to be the need to punish a violation of the reciprocity norm, irrespective of monetary consequences.
Matching of Datasets

A multiple representation database contains several geographic datasets defined at different resolutions covering the same area. Objects within the different datasets that represent the same real world feature are connected. This paper presents a method to build a multiple representation database by automatically creating these connections. First an analysis is made of how cartographic generalisation changes object representation and the impact this has on automated matching. Based on this discussion a method for automated matching is proposed. The matching process starts with an object in the small scale dataset and selects a set of possible matches in the large scale dataset. To find the best match, different measures based on semantics, geometry, topology and inter-object relationships are used. These measures form an n-dimensional space and the object(s) in the large scale dataset that is closest to the current small scale object is considered to be the best match. The different measures are given different importance using weights acquired by analysing a manually matched multiple representation database.
Robust control techniques and its graphical representation in case of Type I diabetes using Mathematica

The case study presents modern robust control methods of the Bergman minimal model of Type I diabetic patients under intensive care using computer algebra: the disturbance rejection LQ control or minimax control (as extension of the classical LQ control) and the robust H¿ control. It is shown the minimax control has limitations in practice, but employing reduced Gro¿bner basis on rational field, it is possible to approximate the theoretical solution and so getting a better solution than LQ does. The symbolic and numeric computations were carried out with Mathematica 5.2 and with its CSPS Application, as well as with MATLAB 6.5. In case of H¿ control, the graphical method in frequency domain- implemented under Mathematica by-is extended with a disturbance rejection constraint and the robustness of the resulted highorder linear controller is demonstrated by nonlinear closed loop simulation in state-space, in case of standard meal disturbances.
I-Ep-Bound Self-Peptides: Identification, Characterization, and Role in Alloreactivity1

T cell recognition of peptide/allogeneic MHC complexes is a major cause of transplant rejection. Both the presented self-peptides and the MHC molecules are involved; however, the molecular basis for alloreactivity and the contribution of self-peptides are still poorly defined. The murine 2.102 T cell is specific for hemoglobin(64–76)/I-Ek and is alloreactive to I-Ep. The natural self-peptide/I-Ep complex recognized by 2.102 remains unknown. In this study, we characterized the peptides that are naturally processed and presented by I-Ep and used this information to define the binding motif for the murine I-Ep class II molecule. Interestingly, we found that the P9 anchor residue preferred by I-Ep is quite distinct from the residues preferred by other I-E molecules, although the P1 anchor residue is conserved. A degree of specificity for the alloresponse was shown by the lack of stimulation of 2.102 T cells by 19 different identified self-peptides. The binding motif was used to search the mouse genome for candidate 2.102 reactive allopeptides that contain strong P1 and P9 anchor residues and possess previously identified allowable TCR contact residues. Two potential allopeptides were identified, but only one of these peptides, G protein-coupled receptor 128, was able to stimulate 2.102 T cells. Thus, the G protein-coupled receptor 128 peptide represents a candidate allopeptide that is specifically recognized by 2.102 T cells bound to I-Ep and was identified using bioinformatics. These studies highlight the specific involvement of self-peptides in alloreactivity.
Predictors of Physician Under-Recognition of Angina in Outpatients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Background—Under-recognition of angina by physicians may result in undertreatment with revascularization or medications that could improve patients’ quality of life. We sought to describe characteristics associated with under-recognition of patients’ angina. Methods and Results—Patients with coronary disease from 25 US cardiology outpatient practices completed the Seattle Angina Questionnaire before their clinic visit, quantifying their frequency of angina during the previous month. Immediately after the clinic visit, physicians independently quantified their patients’ angina. Angina frequency was categorized as none, monthly, and daily/weekly. Among 1257 patients, 411 reported angina in the previous month, of whom 173 (42%) were under-recognized by their physician, defined as the physician reporting a lower frequency category of angina than the patient. In a hierarchical logistic model, heart failure (odds ratio, 3.06, 95% confidence interval, 1.89–4.95) and less-frequent angina (odds ratio for monthly angina [versus daily/weekly], 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–2.56) were associated with greater odds of under-recognition. No other patient or physician factors were associated with under-recognition. Significant variability across physicians (median odds ratio, 2.06) was observed. Conclusions—Under-recognition of angina is common in routine clinical practice. Although patients with less-frequent angina and those with heart failure more often had their angina under-recognized, most variation was unrelated to patient and physician characteristics. The large variation across physicians suggests that some physicians are more accurate in assessing angina frequency than others. Standardized prospective use of a validated clinical tool, such as the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, should be tested as a means to improve recognition of angina and, potentially, improve appropriate treatment of angina.