Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a Deeper Understanding of the User’s Query Intent

The identiﬁcation of the user’s intent behind a web query is considered to be one of the most important challenges for the modern information retrieval systems. Although there have been studies that characterize some possible dimensions for the user intents, most of these studies just place each query into one or two dimensions. In order to approach to the real world, search engines need to have a better understanding of the user’s intent and its multidimentional nature. In this paper we study, analyze and characterize a wide range of facets or dimensions that may be useful for user’s intents identiﬁ-cation when searching for information on the Web. We out-line the relationships and dependencies that exist between these dimensions, and identify the contributions of each in the task of accurately recognizing user’s intentions in Web search.
DIETARY SURVEYS AND NUTRITIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY Coffee and beverages are the major contributors to polyphenol consumption from food and beverages in Japanese middle-aged women

Food and beverages rich in polyphenols have been shown to reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases. The present study estimated polyphenol levels and consumption from food and beverages in Japanese women. Randomly recruited housewives living in the area around Tokyo (n 109; aged 21–56 years; Group 1) recorded all beverages and foods they ingested for 7 d, and the total polyphenol (TP) consumption was estimated based on the TP content of each item measured with a modified Folin–Ciocalteu method. For Group 1, TP was consumed at 841 (SD 403) mg/d (range 113–1759 mg/d), and beverages were a larger source of TP (79 %) than food (21 %). The largest single source of TP was coffee at 47 %, followed by green tea, black tea, chocolate, beer and soya sauce, at 16, 5·7, 3·3, 3·2 and 3·1 %, respectively. In terms of food groups, cereals/noodles, vegetables, fruits, beans and seeds, and seasonings (except for soya sauce) contributed 5·0, 4·0, 1·4, 1·8 and 2·4 %, respectively. Another group of housewives who consumed at least one cup of coffee per d were separately recruited (n 100; Group 2) in the same area. Their consumption of TP was higher at 1187 (SD 371) mg/d (range 440–2435 mg/d) than Group 1 (P < 0·001), and the difference mostly came from the coffee consumption. We conclude that not food but beverages, especially coffee, may be the major contributor to TP consumption in Japanese women.
Safety and immunogenicity of two doses of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine or one dose of meningococcal group C conjugate vaccine, both administered concomitantly with routine immunization to 12- to 18-month-old children

OBJECTIVES: To describe the immunogenicity and safety of a two-dose series of a quadrivalent meningococcal (serogroups A, C, Y and W) polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACYW-D) administered to toddlers. METHODS: Children were randomly assigned (1:1) at study entry to receive MenACYW-D at 12 and 18 months of age (group 1; n=61) or meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine (MCC) at 12 months of age (group 2; n=62). All received routine childhood immunizations. A, C, Y and W antibody titres were measured in group 1 before and one month after the 18-month MenACYW-D vaccination and were measured in group 2 at one and seven months post-MCC vaccination. Antibodies elicited by diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed combined with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae b conjugate (DTaP-IPV-Hib) vaccine coadministered at the 18-month vaccination were measured one month later. Safety data were collected. RESULTS: At 19 months of age, ≥96% in group 1 achieved protective titres for the four meningococcal serogroups after dose 2; 67% in group 2 exhibited protective titres against serogroup C 28 days after MCC vaccination at 12 months of age, declining to 27% seven months later. DTaP-IPV-Hib elicited high antibody concentrations/titres in groups 1 and 2, consistent with historical values. The safety profiles after each dose generated no unexpected safety signals; no serious adverse events were related to vaccination. DISCUSSION: A two-dose series of MenACYW-D given concomitantly with a DTaP-IPV-Hib booster dose at 18 months of age demonstrated a good immunogenicity and safety profile. A two-dose series of MenACYW-D can be used as an alternative to one dose of MCC and provides protection against additional serogroups (NCT ID: NCT01359449).
Learning a semantic database from unstructured text by Keshav Dhandhania

In this paper, we aim to learn a semantic database given a text corpus. Specifically, we focus on predicting whether or not a pair of entities are related by the hypernym relation, also known as the 'is-a' or 'type-of' relation. We learn a neural network model for this task. The model is given as input a description of the words and the context from the text corpus in which a pair of nouns (entities) occur. In particular, among other things the description includes pre-trained embeddings of the words. We show that the model is able to predict hypernym noun pairs even though the dataset includes many incorrectly labeled noun pairs. Finally, we suggest ways to improve the dataset and the method.
Participant Attentiveness to Consent Forms

In the present study, we tested to see if participants were attentive to details in the consent form for a psychological experiment before signing it. Our initial hypothesis was that participants might not read attentively, due to perceiving the information to be mundane. Depending on condition, the code word was placed in an early, middle, or late section of the consent form. This experiment allowed us to analyze whether participants read through the consent form, and if they paid more attention to a specific part of the form than others. We asked participants to read through the consent form and sign at the bottom when they were finished. Following their signed consent, we orally gave instructions on how to complete the filler task. At the conclusion of the study, participants were given a prompt to recall the code word. The results of this preregistered study show that, of the 136 participants, only 20 participants correctly recalled the code word. A χ2 test of independence revealed that successfully noticing the code word did not depend on the location on the consent form, χ2(2, N = 136) = 0.67, p = 0.72, φ = 0.07. The results of this study show that students did not differentially respond to different parts of the consent form. Open Data, Open Materials, and Preregistration badges earned for transparent research practices. Data and materials are available at https://osf. io/7wazk/. The preregistration is available at https://aspredicted.org/ xyce3.pdf. https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN23. 2.141
Risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in college students: association with sociodemographic variables1

Objective identify the modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in college students and associate these factors with their sociodemographic variables. Method cross-sectional study, involving 702 college students from Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, physical exercise data and blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose levels were collected. Results the most prevalent risk factor was sedentariness, followed by overweight, central obesity, high fasting plasma glucose and arterial hypertension. A statistically significant association was found between overweight and sex (p=0.000), age (p=0.004) and marital status (p=0.012), as well as between central obesity and age (p=0.018) and marital status (p=0.007) and between high fasting plasma glucose and sex (p=0.033). Conclusion distinct risk factors were present in the study population, particularly sedentariness and overweight.
A QUARTERLY REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY Universal Turing Machine

Peer-to-peer modalities and evolutionary programming have garnered limited interest from both cryptographers and electrical engineers in the last several years. Given the current status of signed technology, electrical engineers urgently desire the refinement of simulated annealing, which embodies the key principles of complexity theory. Our focus in this paper is not on whether symmetric encryption [54], [58], [59], [62], [62], [68], [70], [95], [95], [99], [114], [148], [152], [168], [179], [179], [179], [188], [188], [191] can be made stable, client-server, and perfect, but rather on describing a solution for evolutionary programming (Senor).
Joint acoustic and spectral modeling for speech dereverberation using non-negative representations

This paper proposes a single-channel speech dereverberation method enhancing the spectrum of the reverberant speech signal. The proposed method uses a non-negative approximation of the convolutive transfer function (N-CTF) to simultaneously estimate the magnitude spectrograms of the speech signal and the room impulse response (RIR). To utilize the speech spectral structure, we propose to model the speech spectrum using non-negative matrix factorization, which is directly used in the N-CTF model resulting in a new cost function. We derive new estimators for the parameters by minimizing the obtained cost function. Additionally, to investigate the effect of the speech temporal dynamics for dereverberation, we use a frame stacking method and derive optimal estimators. Experiments are performed for two measured RIRs and the performance of the proposed method is compared to the performance of a state-of-the-art dereverberation method enhancing the speech spectrum. Experimental results show that the proposed method improved instrumental speech quality measures, where using speech temporal dynamics was found to be beneficial in severe reverberation conditions.
Discolored1 (DSC1) is an ADP-Ribosylation Factor-GTPase Activating Protein Required to Maintain Differentiation of Maize Kernel Structures

The embryo and endosperm are the products of double fertilization and comprise the clonally distinct products of angiosperm seed development. Recessive mutations in the maize gene discolored1 (dsc1) condition inviable seed that are defective in both embryo and endosperm development. Here, detailed phenotypic analyses illustrate that discolored mutant kernels are able to establish, but fail to maintain, differentiated embryo, and endosperm structures. Development of the discolored mutant embryo and endosperm is normal albeit delayed, prior to the abortion and subsequent degeneration of all differentiated kernel structures. Using a genomic fragment that was previously isolated by transposon tagging, the full length dsc1 transcript is identified and shown to encode an ADP-ribosylation factor-GTPase activating protein (ARF-GAP) that co-localizes with the trans-Golgi network/early endosomes and the plasma membrane during transient expression assays in N. benthamiana leaves. DSC1 function during endomembrane trafficking and the maintenance of maize kernel differentiation is discussed.
A controls-CFD approach for estimation of concentration from a moving aerial source: Comparisons between switched and dynamically adapted grids in 2D

Examining control and estimation algorithms from the computational perspective, this work proposes a dynamic grid adaptation scheme for the concentration estimation of a mobile gaseous source. The guidance of a moving sensor on board a sensing aerial vehicle, is solely dictated by the performance of the estimation scheme. To further improve the estimator performance, a dynamic grid adaptation scheme is proposed and which adapts the grid via local refinement and coarsening by using the current position of the sensor. This essentially renders the state matrix of the state estimator time varying and this time variation is dictated by the sensor spatial location. Extensive numerical studies for both stationary and mobile sources are considered to provide a convincing argument on the performance-based guidance of mobile sensors.
Implementation of Modified Booth Recoded Wallace Tree Multiplier for fast Arithmetic Circuits

Power consumption has become a critical concern in today's VLSI system design. The growing market for fast floating-point co-processors, digital signal processing chips, and graphics processor has created a demand for high speed, area-efficient multipliers. The Modified Booth Recoding method is widely used to generate the partial products for implementation of large parallel multipliers, which adopts the parallel encoding scheme. A Wallace tree multiplier is an improved version of tree based multiplier architecture and uses carry saveaddition algorithm to reduce the latency. This paper presents efficient design of multiplier that combines the features of Wallace tree and Modified Booth algorithm, and aimed at reduction of area and improvement in speed.An efficient VerilogHDL code has been written, successfully simulated and synthesized for Xilinx FPGA vertex-6 low power (Xc6vlx75tl-1Lff484) device, using Xilinx 12.2 ISE and XST. The analyses obtained from implementation show that architecture is 41% faster than the Wallace tree architecture with optimal area utilization.
Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 Is Primarily Responsible for the Biliary Excretion of Fexofenadine in Mice

Previous studies implicated P-glycoprotein (P-gp) as the major transport protein responsible for the biliary excretion of fexofenadine (FEX). However, FEX biliary excretion was not impaired in P-gp- or breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp)-knockout mice or multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2)-deficient rats. The present study tested the hypothesis that species differences exist in the transport protein primarily responsible for FEX biliary excretion between mice and rats. Livers from Mrp2-knockout (Mrp2KO) mice and Mrp2-deficient (TR-) rats were perfused in a single-pass manner with 0.5 μM FEX. N-(4-[2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-isoquinolinyl)ethyl]-phenyl)-9,10-dihydro-5-methoxy-9-oxo-4-acridine carboxamide (GF120918) (10 μM) was employed to inhibit P-gp and Bcrp. The biliary excretion rate of FEX was decreased 85% in Mrp2KO relative to wild-type mice (18.4 ± 2.2 versus 122 ± 34 pmol/min/g liver). In mice, more than 50% of FEX unbound intrinsic biliary clearance (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{CL}_{\mathrm{bile},{\ }\mathrm{int}}^{{^\prime}}\) \end{document} = 3.0 ml/h/g liver) could be attributed to Mrp2 (Mrp2-dependent \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{CL}_{\mathrm{bile},{\ }\mathrm{int}}^{{^\prime}}\) \end{document} ∼ 1.7 ml/h/g liver), with P-gp and Bcrp playing a minor role (P-gp- and Bcrp-dependent \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{CL}_{\mathrm{bile},{\ }\mathrm{int}}^{{^\prime}}\) \end{document} ∼ 0.3 ml/h/g liver). Approximately one third of FEX \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{CL}_{\mathrm{bile},{\ }\mathrm{int}}^{{^\prime}}\) \end{document} was attributed to unidentified mechanisms in mice. In contrast to mice, FEX biliary excretion rate (245 ± 38 and 250 ± 25 pmol/min/g liver) and \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{CL}_{\mathrm{bile},{\ }\mathrm{int}}^{{^\prime}}\) \end{document} (9.72 ± 2.47 and 6.49 ± 0.68 ml/h/g liver) were comparable between TR- and control Wistar rats, respectively, suggesting that unidentified transport mechanism(s) can completely compensate for the loss of Mrp2 function in rats. Mrp2 clearly plays a major role in FEX biliary excretion in mice. In conclusion, remarkable species differences exist in FEX hepatobiliary transport mechanisms.
Specificity and Inheritance in Default Reasoning

When specificity considerations are incorporated in default reasoning systems, it is hard to ensure that exceptional subclasses inherit all legitimate features of their parent classes To reconcile these two requirements specificity and inheritance, this paper proposes the addition of a new rule called coherence rule, to the desiderata for default inference The coherence rule captures the intuition that formulae which are more compatible with the defaults in the database are more believable. We offer a formal definition of this extended desiderata and analyze the behavior of its associated closure relation which we call coference closure. We provide a concrete embodiment of a system satisfying the extended desiderata by taking the coherence closure of system Z A procedure for computing the (unique) most compact, be lief ranking in the coherence closure of system Z is also described.
Quadrature-based image registration method using mutual information

Mutual information (MI) is a popular entropy-based similarity measure used in the medical imaging field for multimodal registration. The basic concept behind any approach using MI is to find a transformation, which when applied to an image, will maximize the MI between two images. A common implementation of MI involves the use of Parzen windows. This process generally requires two samples of image intensities: one to estimate the underlying intensity distributions and the second to estimate the entropy. This paper presents a novel gradient-based registration algorithm (MIGH) which uses Gauss-Hermite quadrature to estimate the image entropies. The use of this technique provides an effective and efficient way of estimating entropy while bypassing the need to draw a second sample of image intensities. With this technique, it is possible to achieve similar results and registration accuracy when compared to current Parzen-based MI techniques. These results are achieved using half the previously required sample sizes and also with an improvement in algorithm complexity.
The Dark Web Phenomenon: A Review and Research Agenda

The internet can be broadly divided into three parts: surface, deep and dark. The dark web has become notorious in the media for being a hidden part of the web where all manner of illegal activities take place. This review investigates how the dark web is being utilised with an emphasis on cybercrime, and how law enforcement plays the role of its adversary. The review describes these hidden spaces, sheds light on their history, the activities that they harbour including cybercrime, the nature of attention they receive, and methodologies employed by law enforcement in an attempt to defeat their purpose. More importantly, it is argued that these spaces should be considered a phenomenon and not an isolated occurrence to be taken as merely a natural consequence of technology. This paper contributes to the area of dark web research by serving as a reference document and by proposing a research agenda.
Carbon Monoxide Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 to Modulate STAT3 Activation in Endothelial Cells via S-Glutathionylation

IL-6/STAT3 pathway is involved in a variety of biological responses, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. In our present study, we found that CO releasing molecules (CORMs) suppress IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and transactivity in endothelial cells (ECs). CO is a byproduct of heme degradation mediated by heme oxygenase (HO-1). However, CORMs can induce HO-1 expression and then inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation. CO has been found to increase a low level ROS and which may induce protein glutathionylation. We hypothesized that CORMs increases protein glutathionylation and inhibits STAT3 activation. We found that CORMs increase the intracellular GSSG level and induce the glutathionylation of multiple proteins including STAT3. GSSG can inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation and increase STAT3 glutathionylation whereas the antioxidant enzyme catalase can suppress the glutathionylation. Furthermore, catalase blocks the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by CORMs treatment. The inhibition of glutathione synthesis by BSO was also found to attenuate STAT3 glutathionylation and its inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. We further found that HO-1 increases STAT3 glutathionylation and that HO-1 siRNA attenuates CORM-induced STAT3 glutathionylation. Hence, the inhibition of STAT3 activation is likely to occur via a CO-mediated increase in the GSSG level, which augments protein glutathionylation, and CO-induced HO-1 expression, which may enhance and maintain its effects in IL-6-treated ECs.
Nociceptive Sensitizers Are Regulated in Damaged Joint Tissues, Including Articular Cartilage, When Osteoarthritic Mice Display Pain Behavior

Pain is the most common symptom of osteoarthritis (OA), yet where it originates in the joint and how it is driven are unknown. The aim of this study was to identify pain‐sensitizing molecules that are regulated in the joint when mice subjected to surgical joint destabilization develop OA‐related pain behavior, the tissues in which these molecules are being regulated, and the factors that control their regulation.
The cohesiveness of blocks in social networks: Node connectivity and conditional density

This study shows several ways that formal graph theoretic statements map patterns of network ties into substantive hypotheses about social cohesion. If network cohesion is enhanced by multiple connections between members of a group, for example, then the higher the global minimum of the number of independent paths that connect every pair of nodes in the network, the higher the social cohesion. The cohesiveness of a group is also measured by the extent to which it is not disconnected by removal of 1, 2, 3, . , k actors. Menger's Theorem proves that these two measures are equivalent. Within this graph theoretic framework, we evaluate various concepts of cohesion and establish the validity of a pair of related measures:.
Collaborative navigation for flying and walking robots

Flying and walking robots can use their complementary features in terms of viewpoint and payload capability to the best in a heterogeneous team. To this end, we present our online collaborative navigation framework for unknown and challenging terrain. The method leverages the flying robot's onboard monocular camera to create both a map of visual features for simultaneous localization and mapping and a dense representation of the environment as an elevation map. This shared knowledge from the flying platform enables the walking robot to localize itself against the global map, and plan a global path to the goal by interpreting the elevation map in terms of traversability. While following the planned path, the absolute pose corrections are fused with the legged state estimation and the elevation map is continuously updated with distance measurements from an onboard laser range sensor. This allows the legged robot to safely navigate towards the goal while taking into account any changes in the environment. In this setup, our approach is independent of external localization, relative observations between the robots, and does not require an initial guess about the pose of the robots. The presented methods are fully integrated and we demonstrate their capabilities in an experiment with a hexacopter and a quadrupedal robot.