Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bite Weight Prediction From Acoustic Recognition of Chewing

Automatic dietary monitoring (ADM) offers new perspectives to reduce the self-reporting burden for participants in diet coaching programs. This paper presents an approach to predict weight of individual bites taken. We utilize a pattern recognition procedure to spot chewing cycles and food type in continuous data from an ear-pad chewing sound sensor. The recognized information is used to predict bite weight. We present our recognition procedure and demonstrate its operation on a set of three selected foods of different bite weights. Our evaluation is based on chewing sensor data of eight healthy study participants performing 504 habitual bites in total. The sound-based chewing recognition achieved recalls of 80% at 60%-70% precision. Food classification of chewing sequences resulted in an average accuracy of 94%. In total, 50 variables were derived from the chewing microstructure, and were analyzed for correlations between chewing behavior and bite weight. A subset of four variables was selected to predict bite weight using linear food-specific models. Mean weight prediction error was lowest for apples (19.4%) and largest for lettuce (31%) using the sound-based recognition. We conclude that bite weight prediction using acoustic chewing recordings is a feasible approach for solid foods, and should be further investigated.
SAGE: Self-tuning approximation for graphics engines

Approximate computing, where computation accuracy is traded off for better performance or higher data throughput, is one solution that can help data processing keep pace with the current and growing overabundance of information. For particular domains such as multimedia and learning algorithms, approximation is commonly used today. We consider automation to be essential to provide transparent approximation and we show that larger benefits can be achieved by constructing the approximation techniques to fit the underlying hardware. Our target platform is the GPU because of its high performance capabilities and difficult programming challenges that can be alleviated with proper automation. Our approach, SAGE, combines a static compiler that automatically generates a set of CUDA kernels with varying levels of approximation with a run-time system that iteratively selects among the available kernels to achieve speedup while adhering to a target output quality set by the user. The SAGE compiler employs three optimization techniques to generate approximate kernels that exploit the GPU microarchitecture: selective discarding of atomic operations, data packing, and thread fusion. Across a set of machine learning and image processing kernels, SAGE's approximation yields an average of 2.5× speedup with less than 10% quality loss compared to the accurate execution on a NVIDIA GTX 560 GPU.
Double-pass measurement of human eye aberrations: limitations and practical realization

The problem of correct eye aberrations measurement is very important with the rising widespread of a surgical procedure for reducing refractive error in the eye, so called, LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis). The double-pass technique commonly used for measuring aberrations of a human eye involves some uncertainties. One of them is loosing the information about odd human eye aberrations. We report about investigations of the applicability limit of the double-pass measurements depending upon the aberrations status introduced by human eye and actual size of the entrance pupil. We evaluate the double-pass effects for various aberrations and different pupil diameters. It is shown that for small pupils the double-pass effects are negligible. The testing and alignment of aberrometer was performed using the schematic eye, developed in our lab. We also introduced a model of human eye based on bimorph flexible mirror. We perform calculations to demonstrate that our schematic eye is capable of reproducing spatial-temporal statistics of aberrations of living eye with normal vision or even myopic or hypermetropic or with high aberrations ones.
SocialRank: A ranking model for web image retrieval in web 2.0

In this paper, we proposed an image ranking model called SocialRank for Web image search engine, which leverages rich metadata and structures of virtual communities in online photo-sharing sites in Web 2.0. In SocialRank, three levels of static rankings for sites, users and images are computed, respectively. To achieve combined image rankings in a site, a graph model is proposed to integrate social relations between users and images to reinforce their static rankings. To obtain the unified image rankings of different sites, image rankings are normalized and combined by considering duplicate images and static site rankings. The diversity of search results is also an important factor of image search engines. So we proposed an offline static diversity ranking of images. The experimental results show that the proposed SocialRank performs comparably with Google image search.
2 GHz Band MIMO Channel Properties in Urban Small Cell Scenario in Crowded Area

The user traffic volume in the cellular network has been growing rapidly. Recent capacity enhancement techniques based on the small-cell architecture are examined for crowded areas such as urban railway stations and environs. Although small-cell propagation environments are characterized by short distances and low antenna heights, the applicability of current MIMO channel models in those environments has not been adequately investigated. In addition, although there are a great number of pedestrians and vehicles in urban areas, the influence of pedestrians on the MIMO channel models remains unclear. In this paper we carried out channel sounding experiments outside a crowded urban railway station in the 2 GHz band assuming the use of LTE-based cellular systems. To elucidate the influence of pedestrians on the channel properties, the measurements were carried out both in the daytime and in the midnight. The measurements result showed that the received power decreased about 4-5 dB in the daytime due to the shadowing by the pedestrians. In addition, the delay spreads decreased and AoAelv and AoDelv spreads increased in the daytime due to the change of propagation environment caused by the pedestrians.
Fast Timing Simulation Of Transient Faults In Digital Circuits

Transient fault simulation is an important verification activity for circuits used in critical applications since such faults account for over 80% of all system failures. This paper presents a timing level transient fault simulator that bridges the gap between electrical and gate-level transient fault simulators. A generic MOS circuit primitive and analytical solutions of node differential equations are used to perform transistor level simulation with accurate MOS-FET models. The transient fault is modeled by a piecewise quadratic injected current waveform; this retains the electrical nature of the transient fault and provides SPICE-like accuracy. Detailed comparisons with SPICE3 show the accuracy of this technique and speedups of two orders of magnitude are observed for circuits containing up to 2000 transistors. Latched error distributions of the benchmark circuits are also provided.
Recurrent epimutation of SDHC in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Methylation of the SDH gene explains the loss of SDH gene expression in SDH wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumors. All Roads Lead to Loss of Expression Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract, and they can occur in isolation or as part of a constellation of cancers known as Carney triad. A subtype of this cancer, characterized by lack of expression in a gene called SDH, is not well understood and lacks a specific treatment, and this is the type that most commonly occurs in children. Now, Killian et al. have identified methylation of the SDH gene in patients with SDH-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors who lack mutations in the SDH gene. This finding provides a common link explaining the pathogenesis of these SDH-deficient tumors, including many of the ones associated with Carney triad. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is a conserved effector of cellular metabolism and energy production, and loss of SDH function is a driver mechanism in several cancers. SDH-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors (dSDH GISTs) collectively manifest similar phenotypes, including hypermethylated epigenomic signatures, tendency to occur in pediatric patients, and lack of KIT/PDGFRA mutations. dSDH GISTs often harbor deleterious mutations in SDH subunit genes (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD, termed SDHx), but some are SDHx wild type (WT). To further elucidate mechanisms of SDH deactivation in SDHx-WT GIST, we performed targeted exome sequencing on 59 dSDH GISTs to identify 43 SDHx-mutant and 16 SDHx-WT cases. Genome-wide DNA methylation and expression profiling exposed SDHC promoter–specific CpG island hypermethylation and gene silencing in SDHx-WT dSDH GISTs [15 of 16 cases (94%)]. Six of 15 SDHC-epimutant GISTs occurred in the setting of the multitumor syndrome Carney triad. We observed neither SDHB promoter hypermethylation nor large deletions on chromosome 1q in any SDHx-WT cases. Deep genome sequencing of a 130-kbp (kilo–base pair) window around SDHC revealed no recognizable sequence anomalies in SDHC-epimutant tumors. More than 2000 benign and tumor reference tissues, including stem cells and malignancies with a hypermethylator epigenotype, exhibit solely a non-epimutant SDHC promoter. Mosaic constitutional SDHC promoter hypermethylation in blood and saliva from patients with SDHC-epimutant GIST implicates a postzygotic mechanism in the establishment and maintenance of SDHC epimutation. The discovery of SDHC epimutation provides a unifying explanation for the pathogenesis of dSDH GIST, whereby loss of SDH function stems from either SDHx mutation or SDHC epimutation.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Activate Septohippocampal GABAergic Neurons via Muscarinic but Not Nicotinic Receptors

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, which increase synaptic levels of available acetylcholine (ACh) by preventing its degradation, are the most extensively prescribed drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In animals, AChE inhibitors improve learning and memory, reverse scopolamine-induced amnesia, and produce hippocampal theta rhythm. The medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (MSDB), which maintains hippocampal theta rhythm and associated mnemonic functions via the septohippocampal pathway, is considered a critical locus for mediating the effects of AChE inhibitors. Using electrophysiological recordings and fluorescent labeling techniques to identify living septohippocampal neurons in rat brain slices, we report that AChE inhibitors, in the absence of exogenous ACh, produce a profound excitation in 94% of septohippocampal GABAergic neurons and an inhibition in 24% of septohippocampal cholinergic neurons. The inhibitory and excitatory effects of AChE inhibitors, presumably, occur due to accumulation of ACh that is released locally within the MSDB via axon collaterals of septohippocampal cholinergic neurons. The excitatory effects of AChE inhibitors on septohippocampal GABAergic neurons were blocked by muscarinic but not nicotinic receptor antagonists, especially by the M3 receptor antagonist, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine mustard, and not by M1 or M2/M4 muscarinic receptor antagonists. M3 muscarinic receptor mRNA colocalized with the calcium-binding protein, parvalbumin, a marker of septohippocampal GABAergic neurons. These findings may be useful in designing therapeutic strategies that do not depend on endogenous ACh and may therefore be effective in situations where AChE inhibitors cease to be effective, such as in progressive neurodegeneration.
Gradient descent with sparsification: an iterative algorithm for sparse recovery with restricted isometry property

We present an algorithm for finding an <i>s</i>-sparse vector <i>x</i> that minimizes the <i>square-error</i> ∥<i>y</i> -- Φ<i>x</i>∥<sup>2</sup> where Φ satisfies the <i>restricted isometry property</i> (RIP), with <i>isometric constant</i> Δ<sub>2<i>s</i></sub> < 1/3. Our algorithm, called <b>GraDeS</b> (Gradient Descent with Sparsification) iteratively updates <i>x</i> as: [EQUATION] where γ > 1 and <i>H<sub>s</sub></i> sets all but <i>s</i> largest magnitude coordinates to zero. <b>GraDeS</b> converges to the correct solution in constant number of iterations. The condition Δ<sub>2<i>s</i></sub> < 1/3 is most general for which a <i>near-linear time</i> algorithm is known. In comparison, the best condition under which a polynomial-time algorithm is known, is Δ<sub>2<i>s</i></sub> < √2 -- 1. Our Matlab implementation of <b>GraDeS</b> outperforms previously proposed algorithms like Subspace Pursuit, StOMP, OMP, and Lasso by an order of magnitude. Curiously, our experiments also uncovered cases where L1-regularized regression (Lasso) fails but <b>GraDeS</b> finds the correct solution.
Small MultiPiles: Piling Time to Explore Temporal Patterns in Dynamic Networks

We introduce MultiPiles, a visualization to explore time‐series of dense, weighted networks. MultiPiles is based on the physical analogy of piling adjacency matrices, each one representing a single temporal snapshot. Common interfaces for visualizing dynamic networks use techniques such as: flipping/animation; small multiples; or summary views in isolation. Our proposed ‘piling’ metaphor presents a hybrid of these techniques, leveraging each one's advantages, as well as offering the ability to scale to networks with hundreds of temporal snapshots. While the MultiPiles technique is applicable to many domains, our prototype was initially designed to help neuroscientists investigate changes in brain connectivity networks over several hundred snapshots. The piling metaphor and associated interaction and visual encodings allowed neuroscientists to explore their data, prior to a statistical analysis. They detected high‐level temporal patterns in individual networks and this helped them to formulate and reject several hypotheses.
Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission

The Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission was recommended in 2007 by the National Research Council’s Decadal Survey, “Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond”, for implementation by NASA. The SWOT mission is a partnership between two communities, the physical oceanography and the hydrology, to share high vertical accuracy and high spatial resolution topography data produced by the science payload, principally a Ka-band radar Interferometer (KaRIn). The SWOT payload also includes a precision orbit determination system consisting of GPS and DORIS receivers, a Laser Retro-reflector Assembly (LRA), a Jason-class nadir radar altimeter, and a JASON-class radiometer for tropospheric path delay corrections. The SWOT mission will provide large-scale data sets of ocean sea-surface height resolving scales of 15km and larger, allowing the characterization of ocean mesoscale and submesoscale circulation. The SWOT mission will also provide measurements of water storage changes in terrestrial surface water bodies and estimates of discharge in large (wider than 100m) rivers globally. The SWOT measurements will provide a key complement to other NASA spaceborne global measurements of the water cycle measurements by directly measuring the surface water (lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and wetlands) component of the water cycle. The SWOT mission is an international partnership between NASA and the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES). The Canadian Space Agency (CSA) is also expected to contribute to the mission. SWOT is currently nearing entry to Formulation (Phase A). Its launch is targeted for October 2020.
Analysis of hemF Gene Function and Expression in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1

ABSTRACT The hemF gene of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4. 1 is predicted to code for an oxygen-dependent coproporphyrinogen III oxidase. We found that a HemF− mutant strain is unable to grow under aerobic conditions. We also determined that hemF expression is controlled by oxygen, which is mediated, at least in part, by the response regulatory protein PrrA.
Collision-related granitoid magmatism and crustal structure of the Hunza Karakoram, North Pakistan

Abstract The Cretaceous to Miocene Karakoram Axial Batholith runs E-W across the middle Hunza Valley in north Pakistan and separates a dominantly sedimentary terrain to the north from a regional metamorphic terrain to the south. A strong phase of deformation and metamorphism associated with the c. 65–50 Ma collision of India with Asia affected the area. The southern part of the batholith and the metamorphic rocks to the south are affected by strong south-vergent thrusting which has brought deeper level, hotter rocks over higher level, cooler rocks so that metamorphic grade increases with structural height. In contrast, the northern part of the batholith is relatively undeformed and shows an intrusive contact with an andalusite-bearing thermal aureole. Two groups of post-collisional magmatic rocks can be recognised in the area. The first group, the Hunza dykes, occurs as a massive dyke complex intruding the early phase of the batholith as well as the sillimanite-bearing gneisses to the south. These dykes consist of a co-genetic suite of granodiorites, monzogranites and leucogranites which appear to be related by feldspar-biotite fractionation. They are volatile-depleted, non-minimum melts with unevolved crustal isotopic ratios and enriched Sr and Ba signatures similar to the Miocene Baltoro pluton further east. They are considered to represent lower-crustal magmas derived by dehydration melting of metasediment, probably promoted by intrusion of mantle-derived magmas. The second group is represented by the Sumayar pluton which intrudes the staurolite-grade metamorphic rocks and is a homogeneous, water-saturated minimum-melt leucogranite, with a major element composition similar to that of the Manaslu leucogranite of central Nepal. Abundant tourmaline and evolved Sr isotope ratios indicate a metapelitic source. Analogy with Manaslu suggests that this source was either fluxed by fluids to promote melting or produced melt under vapour-absent conditions via muscovite breakdown. In the case of the latter, low melt fractions require that an extensive area was tapped to generate a pluton the size of Sumayar. Consideration of the petrogeneses of the two groups of magmas allow constraints to be placed on the deeper crustal structure of the Hunza Valley.
Detecting GPS Spoofing on Different Devices Using RaspberryPi with LimeSDR

GPS is used in a lot of spheres of our life. It is critically important to know valid coordinates to improve your security, to protect your business processes and even health if we take a look at self-driving cars, both for people's daily use and for government projects. In this article we propose one of the possible solutions for this problem. The main task is to detect and then ignore the malicious source. The planned result of this work is to create the system that resolves the task using LimeSDR and RaspberryPi. LimeSDR can read data from various sources and RaspberryPi uses it to perform data analysis from SDR.
Gemcitabine and Irinotecan as First-Line Therapy for Carcinoma of Unknown Primary: Results of a Multicenter Phase II Trial

Metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) has a very poor prognosis, and no standard first-line therapy currently exists. Here, we report the results of a phase II study utilizing a combination of gemcitabine and irinotecan as first-line therapy. Treatment was with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 and irinotecan 75 mg/m2 weekly times four on a six week cycle (Cohort I). Due to excessive toxicity, the dose and schedule were modified as follows: gemcitabine 750 mg/m2 and irinotecan 75 mg/m2 given weekly times three on a four week cycle (Cohort II). The primary endpoint was the confirmed response rate (CR + PR). Secondary endpoints consisted of adverse events based upon the presence or absence of the UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A1*28 (UGT1A1*28) polymorphism, time to progression, and overall survival. Thirty-one patients were enrolled with a median age of 63 (range: 38–94), and 26 patients were evaluable for efficacy. Significant toxicity was observed in Cohort 1, characterized by 50% (7/14) patients experiencing a grade 4+ adverse event, but not in cohort II. The confirmed response rate including patients from both cohorts was 12% (95% CI: 2–30%), which did not meet the criteria for continued enrollment. Overall median survival was 7.2 months (95% CI: 4.0 to 11.6) for the entire cohort but notably longer in cohort II than in cohort I (9.3 months (95% CI: 4.1 to 12.1) versus 4.0 months (95% CI: 2.2 to 15.6)). Gemcitabine and irinotecan is not an active combination when used as first line therapy in patients with metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary. Efforts into developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain important for improving the outlook for this heterogeneous group of patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00066781
The controlling role of ATM in homologous recombinational repair of DNA damage

The human genetic disorder ataxia telangiectasia (A‐T), caused by mutation in the ATM gene, is characterized by chromosomal instability, radiosensitivity and defective cell cycle checkpoint activation. DNA double‐strand breaks (dsbs) persist in A‐T cells after irradiation, but the underlying defect is unclear. To investigate ATM's interactions with dsb repair pathways, we disrupted ATM along with other genes involved in the principal, complementary dsb repair pathways of homologous recombination (HR) or non‐homologous end‐joining (NHEJ) in chicken DT40 cells. ATM−/− cells show altered kinetics of radiation‐induced Rad51 and Rad54 focus formation. Ku70‐deficient (NHEJ−) ATM−/− chicken DT40 cells show radiosensitivity and high radiation‐induced chromosomal aberration frequencies, while Rad54‐defective (HR−) ATM−/− cells show only slightly elevated aberration levels after irradiation, placing ATM and HR on the same pathway. These results reveal that ATM defects impair HR‐mediated dsb repair and may link cell cycle checkpoints to HR activation.
Chemical size distributions of boundary layer aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean and at an Antarctic site

[1] Chemical size distributions of aerosols were measured using a 12-stage low-pressure impactor over the Atlantic Ocean in November–December 1999 and at an Antarctic site, Aboa, in January 2000. In the polluted latitudes north of the equator, particles were neutral in all sizes but accumulation mode was acidic in the clean areas. Chloride depletion was analyzed in detail. In most areas, chloride depletion could be explained by replacement by sulfate, nitrate, and methane sulfonate. In Antarctica the chloride losses increased in all size ranges and the contribution of each anion to the chloride depletion varied with increasing air mass residence time over continental Antarctica. The modal structure of the size distributions of ionic compounds was analyzed. The modes derived from chemical mass size distributions were compared with modes obtained from number size distributions. The modes of non-sea-salt sulfate and MSA were very similar suggesting that these particles were internally mixed. The nitrate mass modes were closer to the sea salt surface modes than the sea salt mass modes, suggesting that nitrate was on the surface of sea salt particles.