Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of turbulence-radiation interaction on the radiative heat transfer to the wall of large-scale industrial furnaces and temperature distribution in the furnaces

Theoretical examinations based on absorption line databases were carried out about the influence of turbulence-radiation interaction on the radiative heat transfer arriving at the wall of large-scale industrial furnaces, where the re-absorption of radiative energy by combustion gas on its path toward objects to be heated cannot be neglected. In this study, the efficient and accurate calculation method for non-gray analysis and the effective method for handling turbulent fluctuations of radiation and absorption proposed in our previous paper were coupled. Combining the above coupled method and a governing equation solver for obtaining the spatial distribution of time-averaged values of temperature, concentration, velocity and so on, the heat transfer including radiation in large-scale industrial furnaces enveloping turbulent flames was able to be evaluated with sufficient accuracy equivalent to Line-by-Line analysis and with feasible calculation load. By applying this calculation technique to large-scale furnaces, it was found that negligence of turbulent fluctuation in numerical simulation gives rise to obvious change in heat flux distribution on the side wall and in the spatial distribution of time averaged temperature. In addition, change in the total amount of radiative energy arriving at side wall caused by negligence of turbulent fluctuations is fairly small compared with change observed in the case of a typical optical path indicated in our previous report.
Entrepreneurial Exits and Innovation

We examine how initial public offerings (IPOs) and acquisitions affect entrepreneurial innovation as measured by patent counts and forward patent citations. We construct a firm-year panel data set of all venture capital-backed biotechnology firms founded between 1980 and 2000, tracked yearly through 2006. We address the possibility of unobserved self-selection into exit mode by using coarsened exact matching, and in two additional ways: (1) comparing firms that filed for an IPO (or announced a merger) with those not completing the transaction for reasons unrelated to innovation, and (2) using an instrumental variables approach. We find that innovation quality is highest under private ownership and lowest under public ownership, with acquisition intermediate between the two. Together with a set of within-exit mode analyses, these results are consistent with the proposition that information confidentiality mechanisms shape innovation outcomes. The results are not explained by inventor-level turnover following exit events or by firms' preexit window dressing behavior. This paper was accepted by Lee Fleming, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Pre‐Bötzinger complex receives glutamatergic innervation from galaninergic and other retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons

The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) contains CO2‐responsive neurons that regulate breathing frequency and amplitude. These neurons (RTN‐Phox2b neurons) contain the transcription factor Phox2b, vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) mRNA, and a subset contains preprogalanin mRNA. We wished to determine whether the terminals of RTN‐Phox2b neurons contain galanin and VGLUT2 proteins, to identify the specific projections of the galaninergic subset, to test whether RTN‐Phox2b neurons contact neurons in the pre‐Bötzinger complex, and to identify the ultrastructure of these synapses. The axonal projections of RTN‐Phox2b neurons were traced by using biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), and many BDA‐ir boutons were found to contain galanin immunoreactivity. RTN galaninergic neurons had ipsilateral projections that were identical with those of this nucleus at large: the ventral respiratory column, the caudolateral nucleus of the solitary tract, and the pontine Kölliker‐Fuse, intertrigeminal region, and lateral parabrachial nucleus. For ultrastructural studies, RTN‐Phox2b neurons (galaninergic and others) were transfected with a lentiviral vector that expresses mCherry almost exclusively in Phox2b‐ir neurons. After spinal cord injections of a catecholamine neuron‐selective toxin, there was a depletion of C1 neurons in the RTN area; thus it was determined that the mCherry‐positive terminals located in the pre‐Bötzinger complex originated almost exclusively from the RTN‐Phox2b (non‐C1) neurons. These terminals were generally VGLUT2‐immunoreactive and formed numerous close appositions with neurokinin‐1 receptor‐ir pre‐Bötzinger complex neurons. Their boutons (n = 48) formed asymmetric synapses filled with small clear vesicles. In summary, RTN‐Phox2b neurons, including the galaninergic subset, selectively innervate the respiratory pattern generator plus a portion of the dorsolateral pons. RTN‐Phox2b neurons establish classic excitatory glutamatergic synapses with pre‐Bötzinger complex neurons presumed to generate the respiratory rhythm. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1047–1061, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Text Line Segmentation using AHTC and Watershed Algorithm for Handwritten Document Images

Text line segmentation is a critical task in handwritten document recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel text-line segmentation method using baseline estimation and watershed. The baseline-detection algorithm estimates the baseline using Adaptive Head-Tail Connection(AHTC) on the document. Then, the watershed method segments the line region using the baseline-detection result. Finally, the text lines are separated by watershed result and a post-processing algorithm defines the lines more correctly. The scheme successfully segments text lines with 97% accuracy from the handwritten document images in the ICDAR database.
Listeria monocytogenes Triggers the Cell Surface Expression of Gp96 Protein and Interacts with Its N Terminus to Support Cellular Infection*

Background: Gp96 is the cellular receptor for Vip, a Listeria monocytogenes surface protein. The molecular details of Gp96-Vip interaction are unknown. Results: Cell surface expression of Gp96 increases upon Listeria infection. Gp96 N terminus is required for Vip interaction. Conclusion: Gp96 N-terminal domain is exposed to the extracellular milieu and is required for optimal Listeria entry. Significance: Our study provides topological insights into Gp96 plasma membrane association. Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular food-borne pathogen causing listeriosis in humans. This bacterium deploys an arsenal of virulence factors that act in concert to promote cellular infection. Bacterial surface proteins are of primary importance in the process of host cell invasion. They interact with host cellular receptors, inducing/modulating specific cellular responses. We previously identified Vip, a Listeria surface protein covalently attached to the bacterial cell wall acting as a key virulence factor. We have shown that Vip interacts with Gp96 localized at the surface of host cells during invasion and that this interaction is critical for a successful infection in vivo. To better understand the importance of Vip-Gp96 interaction during infection, we aimed to characterize this interaction at the molecular level. Here we demonstrate that, during infection, L. monocytogenes triggers the cellular redistribution of Gp96, inducing its exposure at the cell surface. Upon infection, Gp96 N-terminal domain is exposed to the extracellular milieu in L2071 fibroblasts and interacts with Vip expressed by Listeria. We identified Gp96 (Asp1–Leu170) as sufficient to interact with Vip; however, we also showed that the region Tyr179–Leu390 of Gp96 is important for the interaction. Our findings unravel the Listeria-induced surface expression of Gp96 and the topology of its insertion on the plasma membrane and improve our knowledge on the Vip-Gp96 interaction during Listeria infection.
A gentle introduction to Xcerpt, a rule-based query and transformation language for XML

This articles introduces into Xcerpt, a rule-based query and transformation language for XML. First, the design principles of Xcerpt are given. Then, the essential construct of Xcerpt are explained and illustrated on examples: ”query terms”, i.e. patterns using which Xcerpt queries are posed, ”construct terms”, i.e. pattern re-assembling the data selected in a query term into a new data item, and ”construct-query rule” linking queries with construct terms. Then, Xcerpt and XQuery are compared on examples and the advantages of Xcerpt are discussed. Finally, an outlook into Xcerpt’s declarative and procedural semantics as well as into Xcerpt’s features currently developed are given.
Strict polynomial-time in simulation and extraction

The notion of efficient computation is usually identified in cryptography and complexity with probabilistic polynomial time. However, until recently, in order to obtain constant-round zero-knowledge proofs and proofs of knowledge (for NP), one had to allow simulators and knowledge-extractors to run in time which is only polynomial on the average (i.e., expected polynomial time). Whether or not allowing expected polynomial-time is necessary for obtaining constant-round zero-knowledge proofs and proofs of knowledge, has been posed as an important open question. This question is interesting not only for its theoretical ramifications, but also because expected polynomial time simulation is not closed under composition. Therefore, in some cases security is not maintained when a protocol that utilizes expected polynomial time simulation (or extraction) is used as a part of a larger protocol.A partial answer to the question of the necessity (or non-necessity) of expected polynomial-time was provided recently by Barak, who gave the first constant-round zero-knowledge argument with a strict (in contrast to expected) polynomial-time simulator. His was also the first protocol that is not black-box zero-knowledge. That is, the simulator in his protocol utilizes the description of the code of the verifier in an essential way.In this paper, we completely resolve the question of expected polynomial-time in zero-knowledge arguments and arguments of knowledge. First, we show that there exist constant-round zero-knowledge arguments of knowledge with strict polynomial-time extractors. As in the simulator of Barak's zero-knowledge protocol, the extractor for our proof of knowledge is not black-box and uses the code of the prover in an essential way.On the negative side, we show that non-black-box techniques are essential to both strict polynomial-time simulation and extraction. That is, we show that no constant-round zero-knowledge argument (or proof) can have a strict polynomial-time black-box simulator. Similarly, we show that no constant-round zero-knowledge argument (or proof) of knowledge can have a strict polynomial-time black-box knowledge extractor. Thus, for constant-round black-box zero-knowledge arguments (resp., arguments of knowledge), it is imperative that the simulator (resp., extractor) be allowed to run in expected polynomial-time.
Dynamic Statistical-Timing-Analysis-Based VLSI Path Delay Test Pattern Generation

Nanoscale VLSI systems are subject to increasingly significant performance variability. Accurate timing analysis and effective silicon-based performance verification techniques are critical to successful nanoscale VLSI design. The state-of-the-art statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) techniques cannot capture performance variability due to primary inputs and sequential element states which, however, is critical to path delay test generation. In this paper, we present the first dynamic statistical timing analysis-based VLSI path delay test pattern generation technique. We observe that VLSI timing analysis and power estimation target the same signal toggling activity. By leveraging the existing power estimation techniques, we have developed signal-probability-based statistical timing analysis (SPSTA), and SPSTA-based VLSI delay test pattern generation (SPSTA-DTPG) techniques. Our experimental results based on ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits show that the state-of-the-art statistical static timing analysis-based delay test pattern generation (SSTA-DTPG) achieves an average of 47.32%, 45.14%, and 57.98%, SPSTA-DTPG achieves an average of 57.41%, 61.43%, and 68.05%, while signal probability-based statistical timing analysis-based delay test pattern generation with (test pattern) compaction (SPSTA-DTPG-C) achieves an average of 83.09%, 87.48% and 90.30% coverage of the top 50, 100, and 200 timing-critical paths, respectively.
A Reduction Theorem for the Sample Mean in Dynamic Time Warping Spaces

Though the concept of sample mean in dynamic time warping (DTW) spaces is used in pattern recognition applications, its existence has neither been proved nor called into question. This article shows that a sample mean exists under general conditions that cover common variations of different DTW-spaces mentioned in the literature. The existence proofs are based on a Reduction Theorem that bounds the length of the candidate solutions we need to consider. The proposed results place the concept of sample mean in DTW-spaces on a sound mathematical foundation and serves as a first step towards a statistical theory of DTW-spaces.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SHORT-TERM PROSODIC FEATURES FOR SPEAKER VERIFICATION

In this work a traditional MFCC based speaker verification system is combined with a prosody based one to determine whether simple short-term prosodic information is useful for improving current state-of-theart ASV. The traditional speaker verification system based in spectral information has an EER of 3.85% when using 1024 mixtures. The prosody based system uses short-term intonation and energy information and achieves an EER of 23.93% with 128 mixtures. After applying LDA and fusing those scores, a final EER of 3.84% is achieved. This result does not show a significant improvement when compared with the result of the traditional speaker verification system.
Walking on a User Similarity Network towards Personalized Recommendations

Personalized recommender systems have been receiving more and more attention in addressing the serious problem of information overload accompanying the rapid evolution of the world-wide-web. Although traditional collaborative filtering approaches based on similarities between users have achieved remarkable success, it has been shown that the existence of popular objects may adversely influence the correct scoring of candidate objects, which lead to unreasonable recommendation results. Meanwhile, recent advances have demonstrated that approaches based on diffusion and random walk processes exhibit superior performance over collaborative filtering methods in both the recommendation accuracy and diversity. Building on these results, we adopt three strategies (power-law adjustment, nearest neighbor, and threshold filtration) to adjust a user similarity network from user similarity scores calculated on historical data, and then propose a random walk with restart model on the constructed network to achieve personalized recommendations. We perform cross-validation experiments on two real data sets (MovieLens and Netflix) and compare the performance of our method against the existing state-of-the-art methods. Results show that our method outperforms existing methods in not only recommendation accuracy and diversity, but also retrieval performance.
A MULTILOCUS PERSPECTIVE ON REFUGIAL ISOLATION AND DIVERGENCE IN RAINFOREST SKINKS (CARLIA)

Abstract To explore the evolutionary consequences of climate-induced fluctuations in distribution of rainforest habitat we contrasted demographic histories of divergence among three lineages of Australian rainforest endemic skinks. The red-throated rainbow skink, Carlia rubrigularis, consists of morphologically indistinguishable northern and southern mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages that are partially reproductively isolated at their parapatric boundary. The third lineage (C. rhomboidalis) inhabits rainforests just to the south of C. rubrigularis, has blue, rather than red-throated males, and for mtDNA is more closely related to southern C. rubrigularis than is northern C. rubrigularis. Multigene coalescent analyses supported more recent divergence between morphologically distinct lineages than between morphologically conservative lineages. There was effectively no migration and therefore stronger isolation between southern C. rubrigularis and C. rhomboidalis, and low unidirectional migration between morphologically conservative lineages of C. rubrigularis. We found little or no evidence for strong differences in effective population size, and hence different contributions of genetic drift in the demographic history of the three lineages. Overall the results suggest contrasting responses to long-term fluctuations in rainforest habitats, leading to varying opportunities for speciation.
Algimonas ampicilliniresistens sp. nov., isolated from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis, and emended description of the genus Algimonas.

Three strains (14A-2-7(T), 14A-3-1 and 14A-3) of Gram-stain-negative, prosthecate, motile bacteria were isolated from an algal medium supplemented with 10 mg ampicillin l(-1) (w/v), in which the red alga Porphyra yezoensis had been cultured. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the three isolates formed a cluster with the genus Algimonas of the family Hyphomonadaceae. The sequences of the three isolates had high similarity with those of Algimonas porphyrae 0C-2-2(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Litorimonas taeanensis G5(T) (95.6 % similarity). The DNA G+C contents of the three isolates ranged from 54.3 to 55.0 mol%, which were more similar to that of A. porphyrae 0C-2-2(T) (58.5 mol%) than to that of L. taeanensis G5(T) (47.1 mol%). The DNA-DNA relatedness showed that the three isolates were representatives of the same species (88.1-94.0 % relatedness) and that strain 14A-2-7(T) was a representative of a different species from A. porphyrae 0C-2-2(T) and L. taeanensis G5(T) (1.2-8.6 % relatedness). The phenotypic characteristics of strain 14A-2-7(T) differed by 20 results and 30 results from A. porphyrae 0C-2-2(T) and L. taeanensis G5(T), respectively. The three isolates contained ubiquinone-10 as the predominant quinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the three isolates represent a novel species of the genus Algimonas, for which the name Algimonas ampicilliniresistens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 14A-2-7(T) ( = LMG 26421(T) = NBRC 108219(T)). An emended description of the genus Algimonas is also proposed.
Measurement of the Frictional Properties of Wool Fibers

The surface of a wool fiber consists of a series of overlapping scales so arranged that when the fiber is rubbed from the tip towards the root it is considerably rougher than when it is rubbed in the reverse direction. Accordingly, when a material containing wool fibers is sub mitted to mechanical action such as occurs in laundering or in fulling processes the fibers tend to migrate in the direction of their roots. This migration tendency is recognized as one of the principal factors in the formation of the entangled mass known as a felt, and in the excessive shrinkage which wool materials exhibit during laundering. An instrument for measuring these surface frictional properties on individual fibers is described. Measurements made on many wool fibers indicate large variations in frictional properties. The relationship between friction and diameter was studied and no significant correlation was found. Measurements made in the dry state resulted in all cases in lower values than measurements made on the same fibers in the wet state. The coefficients of friction of a few varieties of wool and of human hair and mohair are described.
Pyramidal Multi-level Features for the Robot Vision@ICPR 2010 Challenge

This paper combines and proposes two novel multi-level spatial pyramidal (sp) features: spELBP (Extended Local Binary Pattern), spELBOP (Extended Local Binary Orientation Pattern) and spHOEE (Histogram of Oriented Edge Energy). These features feed state-of-the-art SVM algorithms for the localization of a robot in indoor environments. Two tasks are associated with the RobotVision@ICPR 2010 Challenge, the first one uses only a frame of stereoscopic images, the second takes into account the dynamics of the robot for improving results. Our scores are ranked $3^{rd}$ for Task1 and $1^{st}$ for Task2
Combination doxorubicin and interferon-α therapy stimulates immunogenicity of murine pancreatic cancer Panc02 cells via up-regulation of NKG2D ligands and MHC class I.

BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a malignant gastrointestinal cancer with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite severe side effects of chemotherapy, the use of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has emerged as a common clinical treatment. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of the combined doxorubicin and interferon-α (IFN-α) therapy on murine pancreatic cancer Panc02 cells in vitro and in vivo and underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Panc02-bearing mouse model was established to determine whether doxorubicin and interferon-α (IFN-α) could effectively inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was evaluated using a standard LDH release assay. To evaluate the relevance of NK cells and CD8 T cells to the combination therapy-mediated anti-tumor effects, they were depleted in tumor-bearing mice by injecting anti-asialo-GM-1 antibodies or anti-CD8 antibodies, respectively. Finally, the influence of doxorubicin+interferon-α (IFN-α) on the ligands of NK and T cells was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The combination therapy group demonstrated a significant inhibition of growth of Panc02 in vivo, resulting from activated cytotoxicity of NK cells and CTLs. Depleting CD8 T cells or NK cells reduced the anticancer effects mediated by immunochemotherapy. Furthermore, the doxorubicin+IFN-a treatment increased the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) and NKG2D ligands on Panc02 cells, suggesting that the combined therapy may be a potential strategy for enhancing immunogenicity of tumors. All these data indicate that the combination therapy using doxorubicin and interferon-α (IFN-α) may be a potential strategy for treating pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
HPRT: gene structure, expression, and mutation.

NORMAL ENZYME FUNCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS 129 Enzymology . 129 Tissue Distribution. 130 HPRT Gene Structure . 130 HPRT Gene Expression . 132 Pathogenesis of HPRT Deficienc y . 136 MUTATIONS AT THE HPRT LOCUS 137 Mutations in Cultured Cells . 137 Mutations in Man 139 GENE TRANSFER AND THERAPEUTIC PROSPECTS 142
The Progenitor Zone of the Ventral Medial Ganglionic Eminence Requires Nkx2-1 to Generate Most of the Globus Pallidus But Few Neocortical Interneurons

We show that most globus pallidus neurons, but very few neocortical interneurons, are generated from the ventral medial ganglionic eminence and dorsal preoptic area based on fate mapping using an Shh-Cre allele. The Shh-expressing subpallial lineage produces parvalbumin+ GABAergic neurons, ChAT+ cholinergic neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Loss of Nkx2-1 function from the Shh-expressing domain eliminated most globus pallidus neurons, whereas most cortical and striatal interneurons continued to be generated, except for striatal cholinergic neurons. Finally, our analysis provided evidence for a novel cellular component (Nkx2-1−;Npas1+) of the globus pallidus.