Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANFIS IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF FIBROSIS AND CARCINOMA USING LUNG CT IMAGES

The diagnosis of tuberculosis and lung cancer is difficult, as symptoms of both diseases are similar. Due to high TB prevalence and radiological similarities, a large number of lung cancer patients initially get wrongly treated for tuberculosis based on radiological picture alone. However, treating TB leads to inflammatory fibrosis in some of the patients. In all these cases, the diagnosis is confirmed only with a biopsy which is an invasive technique that is usually performed via Bronchoscopy or CT – guided biopsy. There comes the need of an efficient Computer Aided Diagnosis(CAD) of the fibrosis and adenocarcinoma diseases. The increased chance of characterizing tissues with the help of CAD and the achievable workload reduction for the radiologist demand the usage of these systems in CT screenings as well as daily hospital practice. Generally, the CAD is designed based on the Region of Interest(ROI) given by the radiologist which makes the system semi-automatic. Our work presents a fully automated method of characterization of carcinoma from other lung abnormalities namely fibrosis and suspicious of tuberculosis. A comparison study is also done by evaluating the performance of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS) as a Classifier with three set of features. These feature set include entropy and parameters extracted by Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix(GLCM) and Gray Level Run Length Matrix(GLRLM).
Email Worm Mitigation by Controlling the Name Server Response Rate

Email worms and the spam associated with them are one of the main operational security issues today because they waste time, money and resources. The high incidence of email worms today clearly indicates that current network defence mechanisms yield rather meagre results in mitigating this class of self-propagating malicious program. In this work, we build on the observation that email worms rely on the local name servers to propagate, and propose a novel approach to slow down their propagation by means of limiting the response rate of local name servers, which are topologically near the infected user machines. We conduct extensive simulation experiments that involve email network, email user behaviour, email propagation, and physical network modelling, and show that our approach is promising for slowing down email worm epidemics.
Training Needs for Adaptive Coordination: Utilizing Task Analysis to Identify Coordination Requirements in Three Different Clinical Settings

A team’s ability to coordinate and adapt their performance to meet situational demands is critical to excellent patient care. The goal of this article is to identify common coordination characteristics that enable health care action teams to ensure effective patient care and to discuss specific examples of adaptive coordination within the health care setting. Task analyses were conducted to identify situational demands, in three different clinical settings: cardiac anesthesia, pediatric sepsis simulation, and trauma resuscitation. Each task analysis identified specific coordination requirements for pertinent tasks. The research team compared these task analyses, identified emerging themes, and agreed on core coordination characteristics common across all three environments by consensus through iterative abductive analysis. Findings across these diverse clinical settings showed that expert action teams (a) continually appraise their dynamic environment, (b) identify and define points of coordination, and (c) respond to the demands of nonroutine events by making coordination highly explicit. Specific examples of adaptive coordination within the health care setting are discussed, and implications for training are articulated. Findings are also pertinent outside of health care and may contribute to the understanding of coordination behaviors within action teams across multiple settings.
Dresden Discussion Paper Series in Economics The Effect of Signalling and Beliefs on the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods Some Experimental Evidence

We report and analyze the results of a series of classroom experiments on the voluntary provision of public goods. Using fixed effect panel regression models we find that cooperation significantly increases when participants are forced to guess the degree of overall cooperation. We also find that the possibility to make announcements during the experiment enhances cooperation significantly although these commitments are not binding and heavily used for cheating purposes. We suggest that this effect is due to attempts at restoring the announcements’ reputation in the aftermath of heavy cheating. JEL-Classification: C91, D74, D84
The concentration of hydrogen peroxide in exhaled air depends on expiratory flow rate.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is known to be detectable in exhaled air. The present study aimed to determine whether the concentration of exhaled H2O2 depends on expiratory flow rate in order to make inferences on the site of its production within the lung. Breath condensate was collected in cooled Teflon tubes, at three different expiratorv flow rates, in 15 healthy or mild asthmatic subjects. Tests were repeated 2-5 times to assess reproducibility. Mean+/-SEM concentrations of H2O2 at flow rates of 140, 69 and 48 mL.s(-1) were 0.12+/-0.02, 0.19+/-0.02 and 0.32+/-0.03 microM, respectively. These values differed significantly from each other (p<0.001). For comparison, average coefficients of variability within repeated measurements at each of the three flow rates were 68, 62 and 82%, respectively. These data demonstrate that the concentration of exhaled hydrogen peroxide depends on expiratory flow rate. Since flow dependence is an indicator of production within the airways, this result suggests that, to a large extent, the exhaled hydrogen peroxide originates within the airways. However, even under strictly controlled conditions, a high degree of variability persists, which may limit the usefulness of exhaled hydrogen peroxide as a marker of airway inflammation.
Online Knowledge Level Tracking with Data-Driven Student Models and Collaborative Filtering

Intelligent Tutoring Systems are promising tools for delivering optimal and personalized learning experiences to students. A key component for their personalization is the student model, which infers the knowledge level of the students to balance the difficulty of the exercises. While important advances have been achieved, several challenges remain. In particular, the models should be able to track in real-time the evolution of the students’ knowledge levels. These evolutions are likely to follow different profiles for each student, while measuring the exact knowledge level remains difficult given the limited and noisy information provided by the interactions. This paper introduces a novel model that addresses these challenges with three contributions: 1) the model relies on Gaussian Processes to track online the evolution of the student's knowledge level over time, 2) it uses collaborative filtering to rapidly provide long-term predictions by leveraging the information from previous users, and 3) it automatically generates abstract representations of knowledge components via automatic relevance determination of covariance matrices. The model is evaluated on three datasets, including real users. The results demonstrate that the model converges to accurate predictions in average four times faster than the compared methods.
Messaging design and beyond: learning from a user study on holiday greeting messages

The design of text messaging keeps the same ever since invented. However, the relevant user practice has already diverted from its intended use. The latest example is that through it people send holiday greetings to friends or acquaintances. In this study, we gathered and analyzed the message logs of twenty-two participants during a holiday week. The user data demonstrated that holiday greeting messages were different from everyday messages in terms of message size, character content, and contact circles. Greeting messages were likely to be "singles" - the messages that did not solicit a response. Based on the findings, we propose a message classification framework and discuss design implications for messaging, and mobile interaction design in general.
Trace-Based Code Generation for Model-Based Testing

Paper Submitted for review at the Eighth International Conference on Generative Programming and Component Engineering. Model-based testing can be a powerful means to generate test cases for the system under test. However, creating a useful model for model-based testing requires expertise in the (formal) modeling language of the used tool and the general concept of modeling the system under test for effective test generation. A commonly used modeling notation is to describe the model through an existing programming language. This paper presents a technique to automatically generate an initial model describing the system from execution traces, using a common programming language notation. Turning this initial model into a full model to be used for model-based testing of the system under test then requires minimal effort compared to writing a model from scratch. This is illustrated by a case study application to a software component, which revealed real faults in its implementation.
Feasibility study of erasure correction for multicast file distribution using the network simulator ns-2

Reliable multicast protocols on top of the MBone are presently subject to intensive research. One major field of interest is the transmission of files to large sets of receivers. We introduce a Multicast File Transfer Protocol (MFTP), which is gaining increased popularity in the commercial sector and present an enhanced version of the latter, called Multicast File Transfer Protocol with Erasure Correction (MFTP/EC), which uses a low-cost XOR-based erasure correction technique to increase the efficiency of retransmissions. We build a simplified model of the MBone and use the network simulator ns-2 to simulate network traffic in great detail. We validate the characteristics of the simulated network with previous work on MBone measurements and present the performance of MFTP and the gain that can be achieved using our erasure correction scheme.
A Bag-of-Tasks approach to speed up the lung nodules retrieval in the BigData age

The Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) has received great attention in the medical community because it is capable of retrieving similar images that have known pathologies. However, the sheer volume of data produced in radiology centers has precluded the use of CBIR in the daily routine of hospitals. The volume of medical images produced in medical centers has increased fast. The annual data produced from exams in the big radiology centers is greater than 10 Terabytes. Therefore, we have reached to an unprecedented age of “BigData”. We here present a bag-of task approach to speed up the images retrieval of lung nodules stored in a large medical images database. This solution combines texture attributes and registration algorithms that together are capable of retrieving images of benign lung nodules with greater-than-72% precision and greater-than-67% in malignant cases, yet running in a few minutes over the Grid, making it usable in the clinical routine.
OSI Reference Model - The ISO Model of Architecture for Open Systems Interconnection

Considering the urgency of the need for standards which would allow constitution of heterogeneous computer networks, ISO created a new subcommittee for "Open Systems Interconnection" (ISO/ TC97/SC 16) in 1977. The first priority of subcommittee 16 was to develop an architecture for open systems interconnection which could serve as a framework for the definition of standard protocols. As a result of 18 months of studies and discussions, SC16 adopted a layered architecture comprising seven layers (Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application). In July 1979 the specifications of this architecture, established by SC16, were passed under the name of "OSI Reference Model" to Technical Committee 97 "Data Processing" along with recommendations to start officially, on this basis, a set of protocols standardization projects to cover the most urgent needs. These recommendations were adopted by T.C97 at the end of 1979 as the basis for the following development of standards for Open Systems Interconnectlon within ISO. The OSI Reference Model was also recognized by CCITT Rapporteur's Group on "Layered Model for Public Data Network Services. " This paper presents the model of architecture for Open Systems Interconnection developed by SC16. Some indications are also given on the initial set of protocols which will-likely be developed in this OSI Reference Model.
PIV compared to classical measurement techniques using the example of turbulent flow in the wake of an air outlet

The objective of this study was the analysis of the main flow structures and the turbulent kinetic energy existing in the wake of an Air Outlet (AO). A flapped AO (Fig. 1) is used for internal flow systems of aircraft and basically consists of a rectangular channel with a deflection of 45° and an adjustable flap. In total three different flap angles and passive flow control devices were investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and hot-wire anemometry (HWA). Measurements were made for flap angles of 21, 33 and 45 degree, whereas the flow control devices were tested only for a flap angle of 33 degree. A flap angle of 33 degree is the maximum angle in flight and was chosen for comparison of flow control devices due to the larger flow structures compared to 21 degree. As flow control devices guide vanes in the bend of the AO, a dump-diffusor before the AO and a flap cover were tested. All configurations were tested with a mass flow through the rectangular channel of 0.6 kg/s. In total four different measurement planes were investigated for all tested configurations. 2C2D-PIV measurements were made in flow direction downstream of the flap at the centerline (y/d = 0) and at the edge of the flap (y/d = 0.5), whereas 3C2D-PIV measurements were made in transverse direction downstream of the flap at x/d = 2 and x/d = 2.5. In order to validate the turbulent kinetic energy derived from 2C2Dand 3C2D-PIV, HWA measurements at x/d = 2 for different z-positions were carried out to compare both techniques.
Epicutaneously applied Der p 2 induces a strong TH2-biased antibody response in C57BL/6 mice, independent of functional TLR4

The major house dust mite allergen Der p 2 is a structural and functional homologue of MD‐2 within the TLR4–CD14–MD‐2 complex. An asthma mouse model in TLR4‐deficient mice recently suggested that the allergic immune response against Der p 2 is solely dependent on TLR4 signaling. We investigated whether similar mechanisms are important for Der p 2 sensitization via the skin.
Nonlinear changes in brain electrical activity due to cell phone radiation

We studied the effect of an electromagnetic field from a cellular telephone on brain electrical activity, using a novel analytical method based on a nonlinear model. The electroencephalogram (EEG) from rabbits was embedded in phase space and local recurrence plots were calculated and quantified using recurrence quantitation analysis to permit statistical comparisons between filtered segments of exposed and control epochs from individual rabbits. When the rabbits were exposed to the radiation from a standard cellular telephone (800 MHz band, 600 mW maximum radiated power) under conditions that simulated normal human use, the EEG was significantly affected in nine of ten animals studied. The effect occurred beginning about 100 ms after initiation of application of the field and lasted ∼300 ms. In each case, the fields increased the randomness in the EEG. A control procedure ruled out the possibility that the observations were a product of the method of analysis. No differences were found between exposed and control epochs in any animal when the experiment was repeated after the rabbits had been sacrificed, indicating that absorption of radiation by the EEG electrodes could not account for the observed effect. No effect was seen when deposition of energy in the brain was minimized by repositioning the radiating antenna from the head to the chest, showing that the type of tissue that absorbed the energy determined the observed changes in the EEG. We conclude that, in normal use, the fields from a standard cellular telephone can alter brain function as a consequence of absorption of energy by the brain. Bioelectromagnetics 24:339‐346, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiscale phonon transport simulations by a discrete ordinate method with streaming and collision processes

Abstract It is challenging to solve the phonon Boltzmann transport equation numerically due to the stiff collision term induced by small relaxation time. In this work, a discrete ordinate method with streaming and collision processes is developed for phonon Boltzmann transport equation. This method is explicit and does not need a linear solver. Moreover, it is uniformly stable in terms of the Knudsen number and has an asymptotic-preserving property. Thus, the time step is not restricted by the phonon relaxation time. In order to validate the present method, we investigate four numerical test cases, including cross-plane heat conduction, in-plane heat conduction, one-dimensional transient thermal grating problem and a hotspot problem. Numerical results show that the present method can capture the ballistic-diffusive transport phenomenon accurately and efficiently in a wide range of Knudsen numbers, and may provide an alternative tool for a deep research into multiscale phonon transport problem.
ANNUAL REPORT ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS BACTERAEMIA CASES IN DENMARK 2008 ( part I )

The format of the annual reports changed in 2007 and is now published in two parts. Part I includes bacteriological characteristics of Staphylococcus aures isolates (typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing), and Part II additionally describes patient characteristics (age, gender, site of acquisition, co-morbidities and secondary manifestations). Since 1957 clinical and epidemiological information for the majority of patients with S. aureus bacteraemia (SAB) in Denmark have been registered at the Staphylococcus Laboratory at Statens Serum Institut.
Optimizing Interpretation in Averaging Kernels for the Neuroelectromagnetic Inverse Problem

A method is described for finding alternative spatial linear filters in the neuro-electromagnetic inverse problem. The method is based both on the theory of estimable functions in over parameterized regression models, and on the idea of finding linear combinations that have “least complex” interpretation. Measures of complexity were obtained from the factor analysis literature. Within the framework of estimable functions, the resulting spatial filters and their associated estimable functions can be used to evaluate limitations of assumption free localized current density estimates from magnetoand electroencephalo-
True and false alibis among prisoners and their detection by police detectives

The present study was designed to determine whether differences exist between true and false alibis and how accurate police detectives and lay people are in determining the veracity of alibis. This article provides a replication of the research by Culhane et al. (2013) with more representative participants. In the first experiment, real suspects in a remand prison generated true or false alibis. In the second experiment, a subset of those alibis were written out and were provided to experienced police officers and students for alibi evaluation and discrimination. Our results show that differentiating between true and false alibis is difficult, and even when more representative materials and participants are included, the accuracy did not exceed 60%. Interestingly we found that students and police officers focus on other aspects during the alibi discrimination. Thus, research using student participant cannot be, directly, used in alibi discrimination studies.
Virtual Mobile Backbones for Wireless Ad-hoc Networks with the support of Directional Array Antennas

Ad-hoc network techniques are in the center of attention to many scientists and engineers in the fact that wireless ad-hoc networks will bring high speed communication to the users with no given fixed infrastructure such as the base station or the AP (access point). However, the infrastructure-less topology brings new limitations such as small connectivity of nodes in the network caused by the short communication range of nodes. In this work, to solve these problems we propose the adaptation of directional array antennas in a virtual mobile backbone ad-hoc network. This adaptation can partially solve the complexity problem by activating directional array antennas only at backbone nodes and by performing beamforming techniques it will bring better connectivity of the nodes in the network resulting higher throughput performance
Students’ Perception and Experience of Massive Open Online Courses in Mongolia

E-learning can be a potential solution to educational inequality problem in developing countries, like Mongolia, with vast land and sparse population. With the introduction of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), some impressive cases bring the attention of the public towards it. But there is no specific evidence that shows Mongolian students’ experiences related to these online courses yet. Purpose of this study was to examine Mongolian students’ MOOC perception and experience, especially influence of access, skills, and preferences in their practice. We used a 15-item questionnaire and results were based on 6846 students’ responses. The study population consists of undergraduate students of the National University of Mongolia and high school students from 8 schools in Ulaanbaatar city. There was a significant difference between university and high school students in the awareness and enrollment rates. 47% of the students have heard of MOOCs and 2518 respondents (37%) had an experience of taking MOOCs. Our results show that students have a doubt about MOOC’s academical quality and consider it as an additional source of learning materials. The results of this study can be used to compare students’ perception from other developing countries.