Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new heterandrous species of Solanum section Gonatotrichum Bitter (Solanaceae) from Bahia, Brazil

Abstract A new species of Solanum from Brazil is described. Solanum evolvuloides Giacomin & Stehmann, sp. nov. belongs to section Gonatotrichum, a small group assigned to the Brevantherum Clade of the genus Solanum. It resembles Solanum turneroides Chodat, sharing with it heterandry, and Solanum parcistrigosum Bitter, with which it shares a similar habit and pubescence. Despite these similarities, the species can be recognized by its ovate-elliptic to cordiform leaf shape and more membranaceous leaf texture than the other species in the section, and stem, inflorescence axes, and calyx vestiture mainly composed of glandular hairs. Solanum evolvuloides is known to occur only in southeastern of Bahia state, Brazil, and in a preliminary assessment of the IUCN criteria can be considered a threatened species. Resumo Uma nova espécie de Solanum é descrita para o Brasil. Solanum evolvuloides Giacomin & Stehmann, sp. nov. é componente da seção Gonatotrichum, um pequeno grupo associado ao Clado Brevantherum. A espécie é similar a Solanum turneroides, com a qual compartilha a heterandria, e Solanum parcistrigosum, que por sua vez apresenta um hábito e indumento foliar semelhante. Apesar da similaridade, a espécie pode ser facilmente reconhecida pela forma da folha ovada-elíptica a cordiforme e pela texura mais membranácea que as outras espécies da seção, além do indumento do caule, eixo da inflorescência e cálice, constituído em sua maioria por tricomas glandulares pedicelados. Solanum evolvuloides tem sua distribuição conhecida somente para o sudeste do estado da Bahia, Brasil, e é indicada como uma espécie ameaçada de extinção.
Please Scroll down for Article Connection Science Control of Consolidation in Neural Networks: Avoiding Runaway Effects Control of Consolidation in Neural Networks: Avoiding Runaway Effects

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Abstract. Consolidation has been implemented in two ways: as straight rehearsal of patterns or as pseudorehearsal, in which pseudoitems are created by sampling attractors or input–output combinations from the network. Although both implementations have been investigated by several authors, few have explored how it is decided which pattern or pseudoitem is consolidated. Controlling consolidation is not trivial, as it is susceptible to a corruption. In runaway consolidation, one or two patterns monopolize all consolidation resources and come to dominate the entire network. Runaway consolidation is analysed, and three solutions are explored. Suppressing transmission in the connections in which consolidation takes place is shown to work best. Placing bounds on connections or unlearning attractors also alleviates runaway consolidation, though less effectively so. 1. Introduction Consolidation, as a concept, has a century-old history (Lechner et al. 1999). It was originally proposed as an explanation for retroactive interference (Muller and Pilzecker 1900). Although interference theory soon came to rely on other constructs (McGeoch 1932), consolidation fanned out to explain a plethora of other phenomena. It is now used as a label for very different processes that operate on widely varying timescales (Squire and Alvarez 1995). Even within the limited domain of the neural networks literature , consolidation has been the answer to several unrelated problems, though sometimes under different names (e.g. self-refreshing or synaptic reentry reinforcement). It is perhaps most often suggested as an explanation for the Ribot curve and Murre et al. (submitted) have used a method of self-repair akin to consolidation to simulate recovery from mild brain damage (Robertson and Murre 1999). Several researchers have carried out network simulations implementing a form of consolidation. Nevertheless, not much attention has been paid to how a consolidation process …
Optical Properties of Layered Metamaterial Composed of Pairs of Nanowires

A metamaterial composed of electromagnetically active cells with two parallel wires of sub-wavelength size can be fabricated by means of patterning techniques used in microelectronics. Intensity transmittance of layered metamaterial is assessed as a function of fill factor, that is a ratio of wire to layer surfaces, that in simulations changes from 6 to 20%. Negative refractive index reaching as low as -0.5 is predicted in the range of 1.13-1.29 mum for fill factor 12%. Then in FDTD simulations we analyze propagation of light through single and multiple layers of the metamaterial. A single layer exhibits a negative index of refraction at wavelengths for which absorption results from a high imaginary value of n. FDTD simulations show that the negative n should appear for the range of 1.92-2.19 mum. Theoretical underassessment of the range of wavelengths where n is negative comes from simplicity of the considered dipole model. We conclude that the smaller is the fill factor, the narrower the range of frequencies, where n is negative. Then, the smaller is the fill factor, the less negative is n. Finally, transmission considerably decreases with increasing fill factor
The globular cluster system of NGC 1316 (Fornax A)

We have studied the Globular Cluster System of the merger galaxy NGC 1316 in Fornax, using CCDBVI photometry. A clear bimodality is not detected from the broadband colours. However, dividing the sample into red (presumably metal-rich) and blue (metal-poor) subpopulations at B I =1 :75, we nd that they follow strikingly dierent angular distributions. The red clusters show a strong correlation with the galaxy elongation, but the blue ones are circularly distributed. No systematic dierence is seen in their radial prole and both are equally concentrated. We derive an astonishingly low Specic Frequency for NGC 1316 of only SN =0 :9, which conrms with a larger eld a previous nding by Grillmair et al. (1999). Assuming a \normal" SN of 4 for early-type galaxies, we use stellar population synthesis models to estimate in 2 Gyr the age of this galaxy, if an intermediate- age population were to explain the low SN we observe. This value agrees with the luminosity-weighted mean age of NGC 1316 derived by Kuntschner & Davies (1998) and Mackie & Fabbiano (1998). By tting t5 functions to the Globular Cluster Luminosity Function (GCLF), we derived the following turnover magnitudes: B =2 4:69 0:15, V =2 3:87 0:20 and I =2 2:72 0:14. They support that NGC 1316, in spite of its outlying location, is at the same distance as the core of the Fornax cluster.
Query Expansion by Pseudo Relevance Feedback

In this document, we describe our algorithms for automatic query expansion. The proposed algorithms are implemented in Java where the Lucene library 1 is modified and used by the proposed algorithms for document retrieval. In order to support accurate document retrieval, we have implemented the okapi(BM25) formulation 2 for measuring the document-query similarity measure. Three query expansion methods are studied and implemented in the attached software, including query expansion based on pseudo relevance feed back [1], query expansion using documents returned by Google search engine, and query expansion using the synonym sets defined by WordNet 3. The rest document is organized as follows: Section 2 describes the Okapi (BM25) formulation for document-query similarity measure, Section 3 describes different approaches for query expansion, and Section 4 presents the evaluation results for the developed approaches for query expansion.
SUBJECTIVE WEIGHTING UNDER ORGANISATIONAL INTERDEPENDENCE CONDITIONS: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

Purpose – Accounting research has long shown the effect of subjectivity in performance evaluation. This study investigates one form of subjectivity in performance evaluation: flexibility in weighting performance measures examining decisions made by supervisors about weighting. Empirical studies show that the performance-measure weights are only partially consistent with the predictions of the agency theory and they are a still outstanding issue. Methodology/approach – We develop an experiment to analyse supervisor decision-making, manipulating two factors: internal organisational interdependence and the level of managerial performance. We derive hypotheses along with both economic and behavioural approaches. The economic approach is based on agency theory predictions and the controllability principle while the behavioural approach is drawn on the organisational justice theory. We argue that in low interdependence contexts the supervisor's decision confirms the agency theory predictions, while in high interdependence conditions weighting decisions could be driven by behavioural considerations of fairness perceptions of the evaluation process and the level of managerial performance. Findings – We find that in low interdependence contexts the supervisor's decision confirms the agency theory predictions, while in high interdependence contexts it does not. The results indicate that the supervisor's decision stems from the integration of economic and behavioural perspectives. Research and social implications – The theoretical framework can be useful for interpreting the supervisor decision-making and the weighting process. Originality – The economic and behavioural approaches allow us to understand flexibility in weighting performance measures suggesting that, in addition to economic considerations, a behavioural perspective may also be relevant in explaining subjective weighting.
Achievement or proficiency? Just getting a pass is enough!

This paper discusses about the problems and limitations of the engineering students in gaining achievement and proficiency in language exams and realia. As the students aim at mere passing the subject, they are not able to develop proficiency to communicate in real situations. Due to the academic pressure in their disciplinary studies, engineering students pay little contribution for enhancing linguistic and communication skills. Qualitative ethnography research is conducted to understand the practical difficulties and learning experiences of the students. It is found that the motivation level of the students is low as far as language learning is concerned. The present research implies on the use of cognitive knowledge, discursive techniques and peer interaction in open tasks and suggests how it aids them to display better performances in both achievement and proficiency tests.
Applying Semantic Knowledge for Event Correlation in Network Fault Managemen

Fault management is a key aspect in network management . When the communication network's scale becomes larger and structure becomes more complex, even a single fault occurs, the administrator often is flooded by a burst of more or less meaningless events indicating some symptoms of the problem, which is called "alarm storm" . How to find out the "single fault "from the "alarm storm" is the job of event correlation system. After analyzing the shortcomings of the existent models nowadays used in event correlation system, a novel model applying semantic knowledge is presented. The data collected from our testing network show that the novel model can do a good job . At last the advantages of the novel model are expatiated.
Health news feed: Identifying personally relevant health-related URLs in tweets

A common use of micro-blogging systems, such as Twitter, is to `tweet' or `re-tweet' URLs of the latest news articles. The challenge is that with the large number of such micro-blog posts, it is difficult to find and filter to just the most relevant news for an individual. In this paper, we propose and detail the health news feed system which utilises a three-stage filtering and categorisation process with three types of knowledge resources using natural language processing (NLP) technologies for filtering and extracting personally-relevant health-related news articles referred to in tweets. The three stages are term-based filtering, content filtering, and categorization.
Wafer-Level Packaging of Micromechanical Resonators

An approach to low-cost, wafer-level packaging of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), e.g., microresonators, is reported. The process does not require wafer-to-wafer bonding and can be applied to a wide range of MEMS devices. A sacrificial polymer-placeholder is first patterned on top of the MEMS component of interest, followed by overcoating with a low dielectric constant polymer overcoat. The sacrificial polymer decomposes at elevated temperature, and the volatile products from the sacrificial material permeate through the overcoat polymer leaving an embedded air-cavity around the MEMS structure. Thus, the device is released from the sacrificial polymeric material, housed in a protective overcoat. The protected MEMS device can then be handled and packaged like an integrated circuit. The electrical characteristics of the microresonators before and after packaging were essentially the same, showing the packaging scheme does not alter the device performance. This approach is applicable to both surface and bulk micromachined devices
Integrating Multiagent Dialogues , Planning and Plan Execution

Coming up with a plan for a team that operates in a nondeterministic environment is a complex process, and the problem is further complicated by the need for team members to communicate during the process of planning and the execution of plans. Dialogues can be used to coordinate both the planning process and the plan execution. In this work I develop a model for constructing joint plans for a team of agents that takes into account their communication needs while accommodating multiple agents’ inconsistent specifications of transitions, initial states, and goals. The model builds on recent developments in symbolic non-deterministic planning, ideas that have not previously been applied to this problem.
Saccadic Suppression of Retinotopically Localized Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Responses in Human Primary Visual Area V1

Saccadic eye movements are responsible for bringing relevant parts of the visual field onto the fovea for detailed analysis. Because the retina is physiologically unable to deliver sharp images at very high transsaccadic speeds, the visual system minimizes the repercussion of the blurry images we would otherwise perceive during transsaccadic vision by reducing general visual sensitivity and increasing the detection threshold for visual stimuli. Ruling out a pure retinal origin, the effects of saccadic suppression can be already observed some 75 ms before the onset of a saccadic eye movement and are maximal at the onset of motion. The perception of a briefly presented stimulus immediately before the onset of any retinal motion is thus impaired despite the fact that this stimulus is projected onto the stationary retina and is, therefore, physically identical to that presented when no saccadic programming is in course. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging event-related study, we flashed Gabor patches at different times before the onset of a horizontal saccade and measured blood oxygen level-dependent responses at their encoding regions in primary visual cortex (V1) while subjects judged the relative orientation of the stimuli. Closely matching the significant reduction in behavioral performance, the amplitude of the responses in V1 consistently decreased as the stimuli were presented closer to the saccadic onset. These results demonstrate that the neural processes underlying saccade programming transiently modulate cortical responses to briefly presented visual stimuli in areas as early a V1, providing additional evidence for the existence of an active saccadic suppression mechanism in humans.
Identification and Characterization of NDT 9513727 [N,N-bis(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-1-butyl-2,4-diphenyl-1H-imidazole-5-methanamine], a Novel, Orally Bioavailable C5a Receptor Inverse Agonist

The complement system represents an innate immune mechanism of host defense that has three effector arms, the C3a receptor, the C5a receptor (C5aR), and the membrane attack complex. Because of its inflammatory and immune-enhancing properties, the biological activity of C5a and its classical receptor have been widely studied. Because specific antagonism of the C5aR could have therapeutic benefit without affecting the protective immune response, the C5aR continues to be a promising target for pharmaceutical research. The lack of specific, potent and orally bioavailable small-molecule antagonists has limited the clinical investigation of the C5aR. We report the discovery of NDT 9513727 [N,N-bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-1-butyl-2,4-diphenyl-1H-imidazole-5-methanamine], a small-molecule, orally bioavailable, selective, and potent inverse agonist of the human C5aR. NDT 9513727 was discovered based on the integrated use of in vitro affinity and functional assays in conjunction with medicinal chemistry. NDT 9513727 inhibited C5a-stimulated responses, including guanosine 5′-3-O-(thio)triphosphate binding, Ca2+ mobilization, oxidative burst, degranulation, cell surface CD11b expression and chemotaxis in various cell types with IC50s from 1.1 to 9.2 nM, respectively. In C5a competition radioligand binding experiments, NDT 9513727 exhibited an IC50 of 11.6 nM. NDT 9513727 effectively inhibited C5a-induced neutropenia in gerbil and cynomolgus macaque in vivo. The findings suggest that NDT 9513727 may be a promising new entity for the treatment of human inflammatory diseases.
Multidimensional Projection with Radial Basis Function and Control Points Selection

Multidimensional projection techniques provide an appealing approach for multivariate data analysis, for their ability to translate high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional representation that preserves neighborhood information. In recent years, pushed by the ever increasing data complexity in many areas, numerous advances in such techniques have been observed, primarily in terms of computational efficiency and support for interactive applications. Both these achievements were made possible due to the introduction of the concept of control points, which are used in many different multidimensional projection techniques. However, little attention has been drawn towards the process of control points selection. In this work we propose a novel multidimensional projection technique based on radial basis functions (RBF). Our method uses RBF to create a function that maps the data into a low-dimensional space by interpolating the previously calculated position of control points. We also present a built-in method for the control points selection based on "forward-selection" and "Orthogonal Least Squares" techniques. We demonstrate that the proposed selection process allows our technique to work with only a few control points while retaining the projection quality and avoiding redundant control points.
Simple and efficient lossless coding for continuous tone color images

A simple lossless color image compression scheme is proposed. It utilizes integer color transform and integer wavelet transform to ensure complete reversibility with fixed-point implementation. In the encoding process, the wavelet coefficients are divided into smaller block in order to increase the performance of arithmetic coding which is applied to the actual values of transform coefficients. Without any prediction or other model in the process, this very simple coder has low complexity along with promising compression efficiency in continuous tone image. The comparison with lossless JPEG2000 and JPEG-LS reveals that it has almost the same performance as the state-of-the-art standards. With its fast and low complexity algorithm, the proposed coder is suitable to be used within wireless sensor nodes in wireless sensor network.
Urinary Biomarkers of Meat Consumption

Background: Meat intake has been positively associated with incidence and mortality of chronic diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, and several different cancers, in observational studies by using self-report methods of dietary assessment; however, these dietary assessment methods are subject to measurement error. One method to circumvent such errors is the use of biomarkers of dietary intake, but currently there are no accepted biomarkers for meat intake. Methods: We investigated four analytes (creatinine, taurine, 1-methylhistidine, and 3-methylhistidine) specifically found in meat and excreted in urine. Twenty-four–hour urine samples were collected from 17 individuals on controlled diets containing varying levels of meat: vegetarian (0 g/d), low red meat (60 g/d), medium red meat (120 g/d), and high red meat (420 g/d), as part of two randomized crossover feeding studies. Results: When compared with the low red meat diet or the vegetarian diet, the urinary levels of all four analytes were significantly higher in urine samples collected after 15 days of a high red meat diet (P < 0.0001). Only urinary 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine were statistically significantly different for every diet type, increasing as the amount of meat in the diet increased (P < 0.01 for 1-methylhistidine and P < 0.05 for 3-methylhistidine). Furthermore, urinary excretion of 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine elevated with increasing meat intake in every individual. Conclusion: Urinary 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine may be good biomarkers of meat intake. Impact: To determine the public health impact of red meat on cancer risk, biomarkers are crucial to estimate true intake; these potential biomarkers should be further investigated in free-living populations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(6); 1107–11. ©2011 AACR.