Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Center of mass velocity-based predictions in balance recovery following pelvis perturbations during human walking

ABSTRACT In many simple walking models, foot placement dictates the center of pressure location and ground reaction force components, whereas humans can modulate these aspects after foot contact. Because of the differences, it is unclear to what extent predictions made by models are valid for human walking. Yet, both model simulations and human experimental data have previously indicated that the center of mass (COM) velocity plays an important role in regulating stable walking. Here, perturbed human walking was studied to determine the relationship of the horizontal COM velocity at heel strike and toe-off with the foot placement location relative to the COM, the forthcoming center of pressure location relative to the COM, and the ground reaction forces. Ten healthy subjects received mediolateral and anteroposterior pelvis perturbations of various magnitudes at toe-off, during 0.63 and 1.25 m s−1 treadmill walking. At heel strike after the perturbation, recovery from mediolateral perturbations involved mediolateral foot placement adjustments proportional to the mediolateral COM velocity. In contrast, for anteroposterior perturbations, no significant anteroposterior foot placement adjustment occurred at this heel strike. However, in both directions the COM velocity at heel strike related linearly to the center of pressure location at the subsequent toe-off. This relationship was affected by the walking speed and was, for the slow speed, in line with a COM velocity-based control strategy previously applied by others in a linear inverted pendulum model. Finally, changes in gait phase durations suggest that the timing of actions could play an important role during the perturbation recovery. Summary: By perturbing humans during walking, linear relationships are revealed between the resulting movement velocity of the body, and aspects of the ground reaction force.
Recommendation system based contextual analysis of Facebook comment

This paper present a new recommendation algorithm based on contextual analysis and new measurements. Social Network is one of the most popular Web 2.0 applications and related services, like Facebook, have evolved into a practical means for sharing opinions. Consequently, Social Network web sites have since become rich data sources for opinion mining. This paper proposes to introduce external resource from comments posted by users to predict recommendation and relieve the cold start problem. The novelty of the proposed approach is that posts are not simply characterized by an opinion score, as is the case with machine learning-based classifiers, but instead receive an opinion grade for each distinct notion in the post. Our approach has been implemented with Java and Lenskit framework; the study we have conducted on a movie dataset has shown competitive results. We compared our algorithm to SVD and Slope One algorithms. We have obtained an improvement of 8% in precision and recall as well an improvement of 16% in RMSE and nDCG.
Anglophobia and the Aroostook War

TIHE "Aroostook War" of early 1839 was a series of bloodless incidents occurring around the "hump" of present-day Maine, but it sharpened concern over the unsettled northeastern boundary and had the potential of forcing Great Britain and the United States into war. Origins of the crisis lay in the uncertain boundary provisions in the Treaty of Paris ending the American Revolutionary War in 1783. Article 2 seemed clear in its delineation of the American-Canadian
Characterization of the effects associated with amplification of degraded DNA using traditional and mini-STRs

Many samples submitted for DNA analysis from crime scenes are often degraded or contain DNA mixtures from two or more individuals. Degradation of DNA in these samples presents a challenge as larger molecular weight STR markers are inefficiently amplified, if they are amplified at all, potentially resulting in a significant loss of information. Furthermore, deducing individual donors from DNA mixtures is difficult in the best of times. However, when one or more of the contributors to the mixture exhibit degradation, analysis of the mixtures becomes even more challenging. Recent advancements in the amplification of mini-STRs has led to an increased ability to gain information from degraded or inhibited samples that may otherwise be lost using traditional STR amplification. The commercially available MiniFilerTM kit was developed using the eight largest loci from the AmpFlSTR® Identifiler® kit plus the Amelogenin locus by redesigning the primers such that shorter PCR products are produced, relative to previous STR kits. Due to this redesign, the MiniFilerTM kit was
Interpolation for predefined types

We give a logic-independent semantics for predefined (data) types within the categorical abstract model theoretic framework of the theory of institutions. We develop a generic interpolation result for this semantics, which can be easily applied to various concrete situations from the theory and practice of specification and programming. Our study of interpolation is motivated by a number of important applications to computing science, especially in the area of structured specifications.
Glycosyltransferases and their Assays

Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are a large family of enzymes that are essential in all domains of life for the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. GTs catalyse the transfer of a sugar from a glycosyl donor to a variety of acceptor molecules, for example, oligosaccharides, peptides, lipids or small molecules. Such glycosylation reactions are central to many fundamental biological processes, including cellular adhesion, cell signalling and bacterial‐ and plant‐cell‐wall biosynthesis. GTs are therefore of significant interest as molecular targets in chemical biology and drug discovery. In addition, GTs have found wide application as synthetic tools for the preparation of complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. In order to exploit the potential of GTs both as molecular targets and synthetic tools, robust and operationally simple bioassays are essential, especially as more and more protein sequences with putative GT activity but unknown biochemical function are being identified. In this minireview, we give a brief introduction to GT biochemistry and biology. We outline the relevance of GTs for medicinal chemistry and chemical biology, and describe selected examples for recently developed GT bioassays, with a particular emphasis on fluorescence‐based formats.
Institutional Change and the Transformation of Interorganizational Fields: An Organizational History of the U.S. Radio Broadcasting Industry

1991 by Cornell University. 0001 -8392/91/3603-0333/$1 . 00. The research reported here explores how institutional practices change over time in an interorganizational field, in the historical context of the U.S. radio broadcasting industry. It identifies three endogenous mechanisms of change: analogies that are used to make sense of and manage new phenomena, private agreements between identifiable parties, and conventions, the practices adopted by some constituents to solve coordination problems. The use of each mechanism is associated with the nature of the goods transacted within a field and triggers change in established practices as actors attempt to realize value from their transactions. After describing each mechanism as found in the radio broadcasting industry, we focus our historical analysis on conventions. It reveals that conventions were introduced into the broadcasting field by fringe players to deal with shifting coordination problems and competitive pressures. Once they were adopted by the central players, these conventions transformed the organization of the industry by changing the basis of transactions and became its new institutional practices. We conclude that the organization of a field is not permanent, but is contingent upon institutionalized definitions of what is being transacted.
Slotline structure for on/off-body communications at 2.45 GHz

Body area networks will require antennas that can support on-body and off-body communication. This paper shows that a length of stripline could be used in order to communicate microwave frequency signals across the surface of the body. This approach yields a significant reduction in path loss compared to conventional approaches. The structure presented can also be reconfigured to enable off-body communication via an aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna.
Improving Subcategorization Acquisition Using Word Sense Disambiguation

We investigate the change in performance of automatic subcategorization acquisition when a word sense disambiguation (WSD) system is employed to guide the acquisition process. As a subgoal, this involves creating a probabilistic WSD system, which we evaluate on the SENSEVAL-2 English all-words task data. We carry out an evaluation of the enriched subcategorization acquisition system using 29 'difficult' English verbs which shows that WSD helps to improve the acquisition performance.
[VITAMIN D AND CHRONIC LUNG COLONIZATION IN PEDIATRIC AND YOUNG ADULTS CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES evaluate vitamin D status and its association with chronic lung colonisation in Cystic Fibrosis patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS descriptive cross-sectional multicenter study. From November 2012 to April 2014, at 12 national hospitals, 377 patients with Cystic Fibrosis were included. Vitamin D levels < 30 ng/ml were classified as insufficient. Chronic colonisation was considered if they had at least two positive cultures in the past year. RESULTS the median age was 8.9 years (2 months to 20 years). 65% had insufficient levels of vitamin D. There was an inverse correlation between age and vitamin D levels (r = -0.20 p < 0.001). Those diagnosed by screening, were younger and had higher levels of vitamin D. There was an inverse correlation between the number of colonisations and vitamin D levels (r = -0.16 p = 0.0015). Adjusting for age, pancreatic status and diagnosis by screening, colonization by S. aureus in 6 years, increased the risk of insufficient levels of vitamin D: OR 3.17 (95% CI 1.32 to 7.61) (p = 0.010) and OR 3.77 (95% CI 1.37 to 10 , 37) (p = 0.010), respectively. CONCLUSIONS despite adequate supplementation, more than half of our patients did not achieve optimal levels of vitamin D. Regardless of age, diagnosis by screening or pancreatic status, chronic colonization by Pseudomonas sp. in children and adolescents and S. Aureus in infants and preschoolars increases the risk of developing vitamin D deficiency in these patients.
Mechanism of Visible Light Phototoxicity on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum

Abstract Phototoxicity of visible light laser on the porphyrin-producing bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, in the absence of photosensitizers and under aerobic conditions was shown in previous studies. Recently, we found that the noncoherent visible light sources at wavelengths of 400–500 nm, commonly used in restorative dentistry, induced a phototoxic effect on P. gingivalis, as well as on Fusobacterium nucleatum, and to a lesser extent on the Streptococci sp. To elucidate the mechanism of this phototoxic effect, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were exposed to light (1) under aerobic and anaerobic environments and (2) in the presence of scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Phototoxic effect was not observed when the bacteria were exposed to light under anaerobic conditions. Dimethyl thiourea, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, was effective in reducing phototoxicity (P ≤ 0.05). Other scavengers, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbic acid, were less effective when applied separately. These results support the assumption that the phototoxic effect of blue light on the periopathogenic bacteria is oxygen dependent and that hydroxyl radicals play an important role in this process.
Insar tropospheric delay mitigation in the Tibetan Plateau using GPS radio occultation observations and NCEP data

Over the last two decades, the repeated Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has proven to be useful for accurate topographic mapping and ground-surface motion monitoring. However, atmospheric delay variations are one of main errors in SAR interferograms. Since the GPS stations are sparse and the water vapor product of multispectral sensors is sensitive to the presence of clouds in the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the water vapor delay distribution maps are estimated by integrating GPS Radio occultation (RO) observations and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data, which are used to mitigate the atmospheric phase delays in SAR interferograms. Results shows that GPS RO inferred wet delay together with NCEP model can generate more detailed wet delay distribution maps, especially in remote regions, which would be helpful to mitigate the InSAR tropospheric delay effectively.
Outage analysis of cooperative TH UWB systems

In this paper, we study the outage behavior of a relay-based communication channel for time hopping ultrawideband (TH UWB) systems. Specifically, we analyze the outage probability and ε-outage capacity in single relay network scenarios, and outage probability in multiple relays network scenarios. Our results show that increasing transmission power is not an efficient way to improve outage probability due to the effect of multi-user interference at relays and the destination. The accuracy of the proposed analytical outage probability models is verified through simulations.
Selective Vulnerability of Neurons in Layer II of the Entorhinal Cortex during Aging and Alzheimer's Disease

All neurons are not created equal. Certain cell populations in specific brain regions are more susceptible to age-related changes that initiate regional and system-level dysfunction. In this respect, neurons in layer II of the entorhinal cortex are selectively vulnerable in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This paper will cover several hypotheses that attempt to account for age-related alterations among this cell population. We consider whether specific developmental, anatomical, or biochemical features of neurons in layer II of the entorhinal cortex contribute to their particular sensitivity to aging and AD. The entorhinal cortex is a functionally heterogeneous environment, and we will also review data suggesting that, within the entorhinal cortex, there is subregional specificity for molecular alterations that may initiate cognitive decline. Taken together, the existing data point to a regional cascade in which entorhinal cortical alterations directly contribute to downstream changes in its primary afferent region, the hippocampus.
Would Effective Lecturing Evoke a Student’s Interest in Learning Anatomy

With the advances in teaching and learning, various teaching methodologies are in practice. Lecture classes are considered to be one of the crucial teaching methodologies in medical schools in India till date. So the present study aims to assess the students’ view about the present lecture classes. The present cross sectional study was carried out involving 189 first year MBBS students (95 males and 94 females). The age group of the students ranged between 18 to 20 years. A questionnaire was constructed to acquire the students’ feedback regarding their attitude and perception towards the lecture classes. 74.6% of the students considered the lecture classes helpful in understanding a particular topic better. Interestingly 89% of students also agreed that Anatomy was learned better in small groups with the dissected specimens. Small group learning was appreciated by 44.85% students especially for the topics like embryology and osteology. This indicates that the traditional dissection method in Anatomy is still appreciated by the students. The present study affirms that the lecture classes play an important role in medical school in learning Anatomy as opined by the majority of the students. Even though there are lot of advances and evolution in different teaching methodologies the students still prefer the traditional teaching method i.e. lecturing, which could be further effective when they are preceded by small group demonstrations using dissected specimensa.
Simultaneous Reduction and Functionalization of Graphene Oxide by 4-Hydrazinobenzenesulfonic Acid for Polymer Nanocomposites

Graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized and reduced simultaneously by a new reductant, 4-hydrazinobenzenesulfonic acid (HBS), with a one-step and environmentally friendly process. The hydrophilic sulfonic acid group in HBS was grafted onto the surface of GO through a covalent bond. The successful preparation of HBS reduced GO (HBS-rGO) was testified by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The interlayer space of HBS-rGO was increased to 1.478 nm from 0.751 nm for GO, resulting in a subdued Van der Waals’ force between layers and less possibility to form aggregations. The aqueous dispersibility of graphene was improved to 13.49 mg/mL from 0.58 mg/mL after the functionalization. The viscosity of the epoxy resin based HBS-rGO composite could be regulated by an adjustment of the content of HBS-rGO. This study provides a new and applicable approach for the preparation of hydrophilic functionalized graphene, and makes it possible for the application of graphene in some functional polymer nanocomposites, such as specialty water-based coatings.
Natural Variation for Carbohydrate Content in Arabidopsis. Interaction with Complex Traits Dissected by Quantitative Genetics1

Besides being a metabolic fuel, carbohydrates play important roles in plant growth and development, in stress responses, and as signal molecules. We exploited natural variation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to decipher the genetic architecture determining carbohydrate content. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) approach in the Bay-0 × Shahdara progeny grown in two contrasting nitrogen environments led to the identification of 39 QTLs for starch, glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents representing at least 14 distinct polymorphic loci. A major QTL for fructose content (FR3.4) and a QTL for starch content (ST3.4) were confirmed in heterogeneous inbred families. Several genes associated with carbon (C) metabolism colocalize with the identified QTL. QTLs for senescence-related traits, and for flowering time, water status, and nitrogen-related traits, previously detected with the same genetic material, colocalize with C-related QTLs. These colocalizations reflect the complex interactions of C metabolism with other physiological processes. QTL fine-mapping and cloning could thus lead soon to the identification of genes potentially involved in the control of different connected physiological processes.
The E1A products of oncogenic adenovirus serotype 12 include amino-terminally modified forms able to bind the retinoblastoma protein but not p300

The cell growth-regulating properties of the adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) E1A oncogene correlate closely with the binding of the E1A products to specific cellular proteins. These proteins include the products of the retinoblastoma tumor susceptibility gene and a 300-kDa product, p300. pRB binds to E1A sequences that are highly conserved among the E1A products of various serotypes, while p300 binding requires sequences in the E1A amino terminus, a region that is not highly conserved. To help evaluate the roles of the E1A-associated proteins in cell growth control, we have compared the p300-binding abilities of the E1A products of Ad5 and of the more oncogenic Ad12 serotype. We show here that despite encoding a sequence that varies somewhat from the p300-binding sequences of Ad5 E1A, the Ad12 E1A products associate with p300 with an affinity similar to that of the Ad5 E1A products. Both the 12S and 13S splice products of Ad12 E1A, like those of Ad5 E1A, encode proteins able to associate with p300. Interestingly, though, both also give rise to prominent forms that are amino terminally modified and unable to associate with p300. This modification, at least in the 13S product, does not appear to diminish the affinity of this product for the retinoblastoma protein.
“Seeing Without Being Seen”

Abstract What is the relationship between current German management accounting techniques (referred to as “Controlling “ in German-speaking areas), Taylorism, and an eighteenth-century prison design by Jeremy Bentham, the Panopticon? Using a Foucauldian “archaeological” approach combined with “genealogical” concerns, we argue that panopticism as a disciplinary instrument and as an organizing metaphor can still be discerned in current German management accounting concepts as well as in one of its conceptual ancestors, Taylorism. Our analysis constitutes a critical reflection of the impacts of panopticism as an underlying metaphor for present-day German management accounting, especially with regard to the “successful” implementation of management accounting tools and their organizational consequences.
TECHNIQUES FOR ESTIMATING THE IDEAL BINARY MASK

This paper provides a comparison of binary mask estimation techniques, based on different ways of estimating the instantaneous SNR. The effect of six different gain functions and three noise estimation algorithms on estimating the SNR, and subsequently the binary mask was assessed. New criteria are proposed for classifying time-frequency bins as belonging to the target or masker signals. Sentences from the NOIZEUS corpus embedded at 0-10 dB SNR levels in four types of noise were used for evaluation. Performance of the binary mask estimation algorithms was evaluated in terms of hit rate and false alarm. Results indicated that the use of different SNR estimation techniques affects primarily the false alarm rate.
ROADS EXTRACTION AND THEIR CHANGES DETECTION IN AIRBORNE IMAGES WITH THE HELP OF GIS DATA

This paper presents a novel routine to detect the changes of main roads with airborne images of medium-scale of 1:10,000. It mainly focuses on the changes detection of primary streets not the extraction of roads though it sounds an essential step. Here comes the brief work flows of this method: first, auto dodging the original image with Wallis Filter (Deren Li, 2006) as the pretreatment, second, get the variance and gradient images for the seeking of roads seeds, and third, a special searching processing is employed to locate the precise positions of the roads seeds in the above result and the original image in a special extension defined by the poor GIS data, and last, with several assumptions based on the gray properties of the roads in the image, preliminary changes of the primary roads can be detected. Results of all the steps mentioned above should have been refined by the GIS (Geographical Information System) data—the so-called DLG (Digital Linear Graphic) data, unfortunately, the DLG data at hand is too poor to identify the roads’ locations but to provide only initial positions of the main roads while the secondary access ones have to be ignored. Experiments prove that this work flow effective for roads with homogeneous gray distribution.