Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The cybersecurity dilemma: hacking, trust, and fear between nations

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Complete Genome Sequence of a Staphylococcus epidermidis Strain with Exceptional Antimicrobial Activity

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus epidermidis is a Gram-positive bacterium that is prevalent on human skin. The species is associated with skin health, as well as with opportunistic infections. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of S. epidermidis 14.1. R1, isolated from human skin. In bacterial interference assays, the strain showed exceptional antimicrobial activity.
UCF @ TRECVID 2009 : High-Level Feature Extraction

This year, the University of Central Florida participated in the high level feature extraction task (HLF). The goal of high level feature extraction is to identify in videos specific shots that contain concepts such as “bus,” “person playing soccer,” and “boat/ship. ” In our submissions, we focused on addressing the large imbalance between the positive and negative training examples. Specifically, we implemented a method called bootstrapping that identifies the best subset of negative examples to train on. In our experiments, we found bootstrapping significantly lowered the probability of false alarm while also improving the probability of detection. Additionally, we also explored different word weighting techniques. In the bag of words approach, certain words may be more discriminative than others; these words should be weighted more. This task served as a project for several students participating in the Research Experience for Undergraduates program (REU) at UCF.
Synchronous Inhibitory Potentials Precede Seizure-Like Events in Acute Models of Focal Limbic Seizures

Interictal spikes in models of focal seizures and epilepsies are sustained by the synchronous activation of glutamatergic and GABAergic networks. The nature of population spikes associated with seizure initiation (pre-ictal spikes; PSs) is still undetermined. We analyzed the networks involved in the generation of both interictal and PSs in acute models of limbic cortex ictogenesis induced by pharmacological manipulations. Simultaneous extracellular and intracellular recordings from both principal cells and interneurons were performed in the medial entorhinal cortex of the in vitro isolated guinea pig brain during focal interictal and ictal discharges induced in the limbic network by intracortical and brief arterial infusions of either bicuculline methiodide (BMI) or 4-aminopyridine (4AP). Local application of BMI in the entorhinal cortex did not induce seizure-like events (SLEs), but did generate periodic interictal spikes sensitive to the glutamatergic non-NMDA receptor antagonist DNQX. Unlike local applications, arterial perfusion of either BMI or 4AP induced focal limbic SLEs. PSs just ahead of SLE were associated with hyperpolarizing potentials coupled with a complete blockade of firing in principal cells and burst discharges in putative interneurons. Interictal population spikes recorded from principal neurons between two SLEs correlated with a depolarizing potential. We demonstrate in two models of acute limbic SLE that PS events are different from interictal spikes and are sustained by synchronous activation of inhibitory networks. Our findings support a prominent role of synchronous network inhibition in the initiation of a focal seizure.
Inference from Iterative Simulation Using Multiple Sequences

The Gibbs sampler, the algorithm of Metropolis and similar iterative simulation methods are potentially very helpful for summarizing multivariate distributions. Used naively, however, iterative simulation can give misleading answers. Our methods are simple and generally applicable to the output of any iterative simulation; they are designed for researchers primarily interested in the science underlying the data and models they are analyzing, rather than for researchers interested in the probability theory underlying the iterative simulations themselves. Our recommended strategy is to use several independent sequences, with starting points sampled from an overdispersed distribution. At each step of the iterative simulation, we obtain, for each univariate estimand of interest, a distributional estimate and an estimate of how much sharper the distributional estimate might become if the simulations were contin- ued indefinitely. Because our focus is on applied inference for Bayesian posterior distributions in real problems, which often tend toward normal- ity after transformations and marginalization, we derive our results as normal-theory approximations to exact Bayesian inference, conditional on the observed simulations. The methods are illustrated on a random- effects mixture model applied to experimental measurements of reaction times of normal and schizophrenic patients.
The variable ROSAT X-ray spectrum of the BL Lac 0716+714

The BL Lac object 0716+714 is a powerful flat spectrum radio source detected by CGRO-EGRET at $\gamma$-ray energies. It has been observed for about 21000 s over two days by the X-ray telescope onboard the ROSAT satellite and strong flux and spectral variations have been detected. In the time scale of two days the source varied by a factor of $\sim 7$; during a sudden ($\sim 1000$ s) flux increase, the variation was 70\%. 0716+714 exhibits spectral variations related to source flux variability which may be attributed to a ``soft excess" component most prominent when the source was in a low state. The spectrum of 0716+714 steepened in the soft X-ray band when the flux decreased while in the hard X-ray band remained constant. A double power law model, representing steep synchrotron radiation at low energies and flat inverse Compton radiation above $\sim$ 1 keV, best fits both the low and high state.
Recent NDVI-Based Variation in Growth of Boreal Intact Forest Landscapes and Its Correlation with Climatic Variables

Intact Forest Landscape (IFL) is of great value in protecting biodiversity and supporting core ecological processes. It is important to analyze the spatial variation in the growth dynamics of IFL. This study analyzed the change of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) during the growing season (April–October) for boreal (45° N–70° N) IFLs and the correlation with climatic variables over the period of 2000–2013. Our results show 85.5% of boreal IFLs did not show a significant change in the NDVI after 2000, and only 10.2% and 4.3% exhibited a statistically significant increase (greening) or decrease (browning) in NDVI, respectively. About 60.9% of the greening boreal IFLs showed that an increasing NDVI was significantly correlated to climatic variables, especially an increasing growing season temperature (over 47.0%). For browning boreal IFLs, a decrease in temperature or an increase in dormancy period precipitation could be the prime reason for a significant decrease in the NDVI. However, about 64.6% of the browning boreal IFLs were insensitive to any of the climatic variables, indicating other factors, such as fire, had caused the browning. Although it did not show a significant trend, the NDVI of 51.3% of no-change boreal IFLs significantly correlated to climatic variables, especially growing season temperatures (over 37.6%).
Affective computation on EEG correlates of emotion from musical and vocal stimuli

Affective interface that acquires and detects the emotion of the user can potentially enhance the human-computer interface experience. In this paper, an affective brain-computer interface (ABCI) is proposed to perform affective computation on electroencephalogram (EEG) correlates of emotion. The proposed ABCI extracts EEG features from subjects while exposed to 6 emotionally-related musical and vocal stimuli using kernel smoothing density estimation (KSDE) and Gaussian mixture model probability estimation (GMM). A classification algorithm is subsequently used to learn and classify the extracted EEG features. An inter-subject validation study is performed on healthy subjects to assess the performance of ABCI using a selection of classification algorithms. The results show that ABCI that employed the Bayesian network and the One-Rule classifier yielded a promising inter-subject validation accuracy of 90%.
Exploring some aspects of EFL learners' cultural competence

Interkulturalna kompetencija dio je kurikuluma i treba biti dio svakoga nastavnoga sata stranoga jezika. Interkulturalnu kompetenciju su stavovi, kulturalna svjesnost te znanje o kulturi. Svaki od ovih cimbenika ima određeni utjecaj na uspjeh ucenika. Ovim istraživanjem nastoji se utvrditi odnos između stavova o jeziku i kulturi stranoga jezika, kulturne svjesnosti i uspjeha u ucenju. Konkretno, istražuje se ucenicko znanje o kulturi te pokusava otkriti razina svjesnosti te pozitivan ili negativan stav ucenika. Istraživanje je provedeno u osnovnoj skoli Tin Ujevic u Osijeku. Ukupno 99 ucenika cetiriju 8. razreda sudjelovalo je u istraživanju. Podatci su prikupljeni upitnicima o stavovima i svjesnosti te testom o kulturi. Rezultati su predstavljeni i analizirani s obzirom na njihove implikacije za nastavu engleskoga kao stranoga jezika.
Investigating Blended Learning Effects toward Students’ Literacies for Higher Education Setting

The present study aims at investigating blended learning effects towards students’ accomplishment in terms of participants’ literacies in terms of reading and writing score and their motivation for attending the model of learning. It employed experimental study which concerned on two groups pre-test post-test research design to find out students’ progress before and after blended learning application. Furthermore, two kinds of the test; reading and writing test also distributed to the experimental and control groups which is also supported to five Likert scale questionnaires. The data found indicates that the participants had got progress in both writing and reading tests, evenly positive perspectives also expressed toward applying blended learning in classroom practices. The study especially implies the recommendation for further pedagogical application in English classroom practices and educational context at the general.
People watcher: a game for eliciting human-transcribed data for automated directory assistance

Automated Directory Assistance (ADA) allows users to request telephone or address information of residential and business listings using speech recognition. Because callers often express listings differently than how they are registered in the directory, ADA systems require transcriptions of alternative phrasings for directory listings as training data, which can be costly to acquire. As such, a framework in which data can be contributed voluntarily by large numbers of Internet users has tremendous value. In this paper, we introduce People Watcher, a computer game that elicits transcribed, alternative user phrasings for directory listings while at the same time entertaining players. Data generated from the game not only overlapped actual audio transcriptions, but resulted in a statistically significant 15% relative reduction in semantic error rate when utilized for ADA. Furthermore, semantic accuracy was not statistically different than using the actual audio transcriptions.
A Robust Service Recommendation Scheme

In service computing, the quality of service (QoS) has been used to distinguish different services. Many service recommendation schemes predict how a customer might rate the QoS of various services. Based on the predicted ratings, they recommend services to the customer. Most of these schemes do not consider the unfair rating problem. As the QoS rating of a service can determine whether the service is chosen by a customer, malicious users and services might explore the weakness of the existing schemes in handling unfair ratings to gain commercial advantage. This paper proposed a service recommendation scheme that is robust against unfair rating. When predicting a customer's QoS rating for a service, the proposed scheme takes into account of the ratings given to the service by the users that are similar to the customer, the ratings that the service gained from the typical users and the own experience of the customer. Experiments with the proposed scheme show that (a) the scheme has good prediction accuracy, and (b) it can counter the manipulations by the malicious users and services effectively.
Glutathione Suppresses Cerebral Infarct Volume and Cell Death after Ischemic Injury: Involvement of FOXO3 Inactivation and Bcl2 Expression

Ischemic stroke interrupts the flow of blood to the brain and subsequently results in cerebral infarction and neuronal cell death, leading to severe pathophysiology. Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant with cellular protective functions, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging in the brain. In addition, GSH is involved in various cellular survival pathways in response to oxidative stress. In the present study, we examined whether GSH reduces cerebral infarct size after middle cerebral artery occlusion in vivo and the signaling mechanisms involved in the promotion of cell survival after GSH treatment under ischemia/reperfusion conditions in vitro. To determine whether GSH reduces the extent of cerebral infarction, cell death after ischemia, and reperfusion injury, we measured infarct size in ischemic brain tissue and the expression of claudin-5 associated with brain infarct formation. We also examined activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, inactivation of FOXO3, and expression of Bcl2 to assess the role of GSH in promoting cell survival in response to ischemic injury. Based on our results, we suggest that GSH might improve the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke by attenuating cerebral infarction and cell death.
NON-POINT SOURCES OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN STORMWATER FROM A PARKING LOT

A mass balance approach was used to determine the most important non-point source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in stormwater from an asphalt parking lot without obvious point sources (e.g. gasoline stations). The parking lot surface and atmosphere are important non-point sources of VOCs, with each being important for different VOCs. The atmosphere is an important source of soluble, oxygenated VOCs (e.g. acetone) and the parking lot surface is an important source for the more hydrophobic VOCs (e.g. benzene). VOCs on the parking lot surface appear to be concentrated in oil and grease, vehicle soot, and other components that comprise the complex mixture of organic material in urban particles. Except in the case of spills, asphalt does not appear to be an important source of VOCs. The uptake isotherm of gaseous methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) on urban particles indicates a sitespecific interaction between MTBE and a particulate component similar to soot. This also indicates a mechanism for dry deposition of VOCs from the atmosphere. This study demonstrated that a mass balance approach is a useful means of understanding non-point-source pollution, even for volatile compounds, which are difficult to sample. ______________________________________________________________________________________ U.S. Geological Survey, 1608 Mountain View Road, Rapid City, South Dakota, 57702 U.S. Geological Survey, 2280 Woodale Drive, Mounds View, Minnesota, 55112 U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 408, Denver, Colorado, 80225-0046 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89193-3478 Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Profile-guided static typing for dynamic scripting languages

Many popular scripting languages such as Ruby, Python, and Perl include highly dynamic language constructs, such as an eval method that evaluates a string as program text. While these constructs allow terse and expressive code, they have traditionally obstructed static analysis. In this paper we present PRuby, an extension to Diamondback Ruby (DRuby), a static type inference system for Ruby. PRuby augments DRuby with a novel dynamic analysis and transformation that allows us to precisely type uses of highly dynamic constructs. PRuby's analysis proceeds in three steps. First, we use run-time instrumentation to gather per-application profiles of dynamic feature usage. Next, we replace dynamic features with statically analyzable alternatives based on the profile. We also add instrumentation to safely handle cases when subsequent runs do not match the profile. Finally, we run DRuby's static type inference on the transformed code to enforce type safety. We used PRuby to gather profiles for a benchmark suite of sample Ruby programs. We found that dynamic features are pervasive throughout the benchmarks and the libraries they include, but that most uses of these features are highly constrained and hence can be effectively profiled. Using the profiles to guide type inference, we found that DRuby can generally statically type our benchmarks modulo some refactoring, and we discovered several previously unknown type errors. These results suggest that profiling and transformation is a lightweight but highly effective approach to bring static typing to highly dynamic languages.
Ecological habitus intergenerationally reproduced: The children of Czech ‘voluntary simplifiers’ and their lifestyle

The intergenerational reproduction of values and lifestyles has been at the centre of attention for the social sciences for several decades. However, only rarely has this topic been examined from the perspective of environmentally friendly lifestyles. In this article, we build on unique longitudinal research that includes generations of parents and children from Czech ‘voluntarily simple’ families. Drawing on sociological theories of consumption and the Bourdieusian concept of habitus, we deal with the question of whether and how the intergenerational transmission of eco-habitus emerges. The original research with the parents – called ‘the Colourful’ – was conducted by the Czech sociologist Hana Librová in 1992, 2002 and 2015. We participated in the third wave, conducting 12 in-depth interviews with the Colourful and supplementing it with 21 interviews with their adult children, focusing on how they look back on their childhood and in what respect their lifestyles and attitudes differ from those of their parents. We describe the reproduction of the Colourful’s habitus and identify the main lines of influence that may play a role in this process: positive reflections on a non-affluent childhood, awareness of the values behind simplicity, a liberal model of upbringing, the higher cultural capital of the families, the family atmosphere, religiosity and diverse experiences among siblings related to their birth order. We show that while for the Colourful it was typical to revolt against parents, their own habitus has been reproduced relatively successfully.
Using buddies to live longer in a boring world [sensor network protocol]

In a sensor network monitoring natural environment, the readings of sensor nodes show high temporal and spatial correlation. This stems from the fact that most characteristics of natural environment (chemical concentration, temperature, humidity, pollution, etc.) do not change abruptly in space and time. From a sensor's perspective then, the environmental phenomena are quite predictable, and hence, "boring". In this paper, we introduce the novel idea of buddies to exploit temporal correlation. We propose a simple Buddy protocol to implement this idea. We analyze the performance of the protocol and identify factors that influence it. We discuss research challenges that would pave the way for more efficient protocols based on this idea
Prenatal Androgens Defeminize Activation of GnRH Neurons in Response to Estradiol Stimulation

To determine if prenatal androgens prevent activation of GnRH neurons in response to estradiol stimulation, Fos colocalization with GnRH was compared in the brains of normal female lambs, normal males, and androgenized females in response to a surge‐inducing dose of estradiol. Blood samples were collected every 1–2 h for 6 h before estradiol treatment up to the time of sacrifice at 17–19 h post‐treatment. Following perfusion, 60 μm coronal brain sections were immunostained for Fos (1:1000, Santa Cruz Biochemicals) and GnRH (1:40,000, LR‐1) using NiCl‐enhanced and unenhanced DAB, respectively. Although LH secretion increased in females before sacrifice, no increase was observed in males or androgenized females. Despite differences in LH secretion, the number and distribution of GnRH neurons was not sexually dimorphic. Moreover, Fos immunostaining was visible throughout steroid‐responsive limbic regions in all three groups of lambs. However, the colocalization of Fos with GnRH was highly sexually dimorphic. In females perfused after the peak of the LH surge, 65.7% of GnRH neurons in the preoptic area, anterior hypothalamus, and mediobasal hypothalamus expressed Fos, whereas only 1.7% of GnRH neurons were Fos‐positive in males and androgenized females. These findings indicate that sex differences in the activation of GnRH neurons in response to estradiol are determined prenatally through the actions of testosterone.
Illumination Invariant Efficient Face Recognition Using a Single Training Image

This paper presents a single sample face recognition technique which takes care of illumination variations by applying normalization based on Weber's law. Local Directional Pattern (LDP) features are extracted from the normalized face by examining the prominent edge directions at each pixel. The LDP image is divided into non-overlapping windows and each window is treated as a fuzzy set. Treating LDP values as the information source values, entropy features called the information set- based features are extracted from each window. Further, 2DPCA is used to reduce the number of features. These features are augmented with entropy features of the fiducial regions and contour based features for face recognition. A nearest neighbor classifier based on these features is used on Extended Yale B and Face94 datasets and it is shown that compared with other results based on single and multiple training images, the proposed approach results in better recognition accuracy for wide illumination variations in test images. Further the efficiency of the scheme is shown by comparing the number of features needed for recognition.
Extracted Knowledge Interpretation in mining biological data: a survey

This paper discusses different approaches for integrating biological knowledge in gene expression analysis. Indeed we are interested in the ﬁfth step of microarray analysis procedure which focuses on knowledge discovery via interpretation of the microarray results. We present a state of the art of methods for processing this step and we propose a classiﬁcation in three facets: prior or knowledge-based, standard or expression-based and co-clustering. First we discuss brieﬂy the purpose and usefulness of our classiﬁcation. Then, following sections give an insight into each facet. We summarize each section with a comparison between remarkable approaches.