Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cluster Newton Method for Sampling Multiple Solutions of Underdetermined Inverse Problems: Application to a Parameter Identification Problem in Pharmacokinetics

A new algorithm is proposed for simultaneously finding multiple solutions of an underdetermined inverse problem. The algorithm was developed for an ODE parameter identification problem in pharmacokinetics for which multiple solutions are of interest. The algorithm proceeds by computing a cluster of solutions simultaneously, and is more efficient than algorithms that compute multiple solutions one-by-one because it fits the Jacobian in a collective way using a least squares approach. It is demonstrated numerically that the algorithm finds accurate solutions that are suitably distributed, guided by a priori information on which part of the solution set is of interest, and that it does so much more efficiently than a baseline Levenberg--Marquardt method that computes solutions one-by-one. It is also demonstrated that the algorithm benefits from improved robustness due to an inherent smoothing provided by the least-squares fitting.
Identifying Extensions Required by RUP (Rational Unified Process) to Comply with CMM (Capability Maturity Model) Levels 2 and 3

This paper describes an assessment of the rational unified process (RUP) based on the capability maturity model (CMM). For each key practice (KP) identified in each key process area (KPA) of CMM levels 2 and 3, the Rational Unified Process was assessed to determine whether it satisfied the KP or not. For each KPA, the percentage of the key practices supported was calculated, and the results were tabulated. The report includes considerations about the coverage of each key process area, describing the highlights of the RUP regarding its support for CMM levels 2 and 3, and suggests where an organization using it will need to complement it to conform to CMM. The assessment resulted in the elaboration of proposals to enhance the RUP in order to satisfy the key process areas of CMM. Some of these are briefly described in this article.
Adapting relational logic models using unlabeled data

We have developed a framework for tackling the problem of automatically adapting relational logic models, in particular, Markov Logic Network (MLN), from a source domain to a target domains solving the same task using only unlabeled data in the target domain. One characteristic of the problem is that since the data distributions of the two domains are different, there should be different tailor-made relational logic model for each domain. On the other hand, the relational logic models should share certain amount of similarities due to the same goal and similar nature of the data. Unlike ordinary MLN learning methods, which only consider the distribution of the labeled training examples in learning, we also consider the similarities and differences between the labeled examples from the source domain and the unlabeled examples from the target domain. One major idea of our framework is that we aim at maximizing the likelihood of the observations in the unlabeled data in the target domain, and at the same time, minimizing the difference in the model probability distributions between the source and target domains. As a result, the adapted MLN is tailored to the target domain, but it does not deviate far from the source MLN. We have conducted extensive experiments on two different text mining tasks, namely, pronoun resolution and citation matching, showing consistent improvements in the performance of our adapted model.
Productivity among older people in The Netherlands: variations by gender and the socio-spatial context in 2002–03

Productivity among older adults manifests in engagement in paid work, voluntary work, giving support to others, home maintenance and housekeeping. This paper reports an investigation into the extent to which levels of participation in the different productive activity types in The Netherlands are associated with age, gender and the settings in which older people live. The regional and urban–rural dimensions of variation are examined. The data were derived from the European Study of Adult Well-Being survey (ESAW). The results show that the oldest women tended to restrict their productivity to the private domain of housekeeping, while the oldest men were more often productive in the community, and that regional variations were stronger for women than for men. Traditional gender roles particularly affected the way in which older women living in a peripheral region participated in productive activities. In contrast, the urban–rural dimension was more important for men than for women, partly because a group of older men in the cities were not involved in paid work. Overall, strong gender influences on the variations in productive engagement were found. Processes of age-related contraction and convergence in patterns of participation in productive activities were imputed from the cross-sectional data. A full understanding of the ageing and cohort effects underlying the reported patterns would require much more detailed information on the spatial and temporal dimensions of older people's activity patterns.
Distributed Execution with Remote Audit

Recently, there has been a rapidly expanding body of work with the vision of seamlessly integrating idle networked computers into virtual computing environments. This is enabled primarily by the success of research e orts promoting parallel and distributed computing on networks of workstations and the wide acceptance of Java. The proliferation of work in this area has provided new Internet-based infrastructures that harness the power of computing bases comprising hundreds of loosely-connected volunteered machines (i.e., hosts). While many of these systems have proposed the use of non-altruistic market-based schemes for promoting large-scale participation, mechanisms for ensuring that hosts participating in collaborative computing environments perform the work assigned to them have been largely ignored. This paper presents our implementation of one framework that layers a remote audit mechanism on top of an existing distributed computing model, and provides eAEcient methods for verifying, with a tunable level of certainty, whether a remote host performed the task it was assigned.
Socially-excluded People in Bangladesh: Causes and Processes

This paper looks the causes and consequences of social exclusion in Bangladesh. Data were collected from the three Northern districts i.e. Pachagar, Kurigram and Rajshahi in Bangladesh. The study is a rapid assessment in order to know the causes and processes of social exclusion. The primary objective of this assessment is to identify the forms of exclusion which lock particular social groups into poverty and to describe what strategies would be employed in response to these. The study looks social exclusion in different levels such as state, market, society and family in terms of the services to the poor people provided by local institutions including non-government organization (NGO), government organization (GO) and community based organization (CBO).
UV-finite scalar field theory with unitarity

In this paper we show how to define the UV completion of a scalar field theory such that it is both UV-finite and perturbatively unitary. In the UV completed theory, the propagator is an infinite sum of ordinary propagators. To eliminate the UV divergences, we choose the coefficients and masses in the propagator to satisfy certain algebraic relations, and define the infinite sums involved in Feynman diagram calculation by analytic continuation. Unitarity can be proved relatively easily by Cutkosky's rules. The theory is equivalent to infinitely many particles with specific masses and interactions. We take the $\phi^4$ theory as an example and demonstrate our idea through explicit Feynman diagram computation.
The Effect of Helping Behavior and Physical Activity on Mood States and Depressive Symptoms of Elderly People

The current study examines the effects of helping behavior and physical activity on mood states and depressive symptoms of older adults. Participants (n = 102) reported their chronic conditions, volunteering, supporting behavior, and physical activity. Helping behavior, as well as physical activity, was practiced by more than half of the participants. Physical activity was positively associated with cheerfulness and vigor and explained 4% of the variance in both moods. No links were detected between the level of physical activity and depressive symptoms. Helping behavior was positively correlated with cheerfulness and vigor and explained 6% and 22% of these moods, respectively. It was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms and explained 6% of the variance in their occurrence. The positive link between helping behavior and physical exercise can be explained by adaptation theories of aging which regard the psychological benefits of multiple forms of activity in late life.
Do You Know the Way to San Jose? Medical Tourism in Costa Rica

In the face of rapidly rising health care costs and a large uninsured or underinsured population, the number of U.S. medical tourists seeking assistance abroad has grown. A relative newcomer to this field, Costa Rica offers a number of unique advantages that have positioned it advantageously to cater to Americans. This paper explores the rise of the country's medical tourism sector, the cost differentials between services performed there and in the U.S., and factors that shape the supply of medical services, including medical accreditation and aftercare facilities. In doing so, it addresses the local implications of the globalization of health care, particularly as it concerns the troubled U.S. health care system.
The biology of Toxoplasma.

Summary Information on the biology of Toxoplasma has been summarized. Lack of host specificity, together with morphological and immunological criteria, indicate that the toxoplasmas of different hosts, avian and mammalian, are the same species, T. gondii. The manifestations of strain differences are discussed and data are presented on latent infections and immunity. An analysis of present information relative to transmission is given.
The PASCAL Challenge on Grammar Induction

This paper presents the results of the PASCAL Challenge on Grammar Induction, a competition in which competitors sought to predict part-of-speech and dependency syntax from text. Although many previous competitions have featured dependency grammars or parts-of-speech, these were invariably framed as supervised learning and/or domain adaption. This is the first challenge to evaluate unsupervised induction systems, a sub-field of syntax which is rapidly becoming very popular. Our challenge made use of a 10 different treebanks annotated in a range of different linguistic formalisms and covering 9 languages. We provide an overview of the approaches taken by the participants, and evaluate their results on each dataset using a range of different evaluation metrics.
CHAPTER 1 Mixed-Signal Design Trends and Challenges

Netlist (transistor, gate, parasitics) Layout Boundary/Pins Routing Channel Meta Fill Antenna Abstract Generation Figure 3: AMS IP Requires Several Views for Integration Delivering integration-ready IP is both a technical and a business goal for AMS IP providers. The extent to which this goal is achieved determines how much integration support is needed and ultimately affects the profitability of the company.
Eccentricity fault diagnosis in induction motors using global processors — A review

In this paper all processors employed for processing induction motor signals are investigated to detect eccentricity fault have been investigated in details. So, the competent indices which extracted by these processors are studied and compared in different aspects. Moreover, the efficiency of the aforementioned indices in different induction motors conditions is determined and relation between this efficiency and utilized processor is analyzed. Many simulation and experimental results are inspected to certify discussions.
Tasks, Group Management, and Teacher Control Behavior: A Study of Classroom Organization and Teacher Style

Although classrooms are places where teachers and pupils work, few studies of classroom differences have examined the consequences of distinctive types of work organization for the emergence of social relationships within classrooms. Examinations of teacher authority, like all leadership research,' have tended to focus on the consequences of certain teacher "styles" for group productivity, cohesiveness, pupil achievement, and moral socialization without sufficiently exploring the conditions under which authority is differentially exercised and the consequences of this for teacher-pupil relationships (Durkheim 1961; Lewin et al. 1939; Waller 1932; Flanders 1960; Lippitt and White 1962; Gordon and Adler 1963; Bidwell 1970; Spady 1974). Even though Hughes (1959) and Gump (1967) found a relationship between task activities and teacher authority and Larkin (1973) noted an association between classroom structure and type of leadership, characteristics of the classroom work organization and their effects on teacher behavior have not been sufficiently detailed.2 In studying the organization of instructional tasks in four elementary school classrooms, I found that the task organization greatly influenced the types of control exercised by the teachers. In this paper, I will describe the structural characteristics of instructional tasks and their influence on the types of control teachers exercise. Hence, I will try to detail the relationships between task organization and leadership behavior in the classroom setting.
Tuberculin purified protein derivative-reactive T cells in cord blood lymphocytes

Lymphocytes obtained from cord blood of newborn babies who were born of healthy mothers were studied in vitro for their responsiveness to purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin. Cord blood lymphocytes proliferated in vitro by stimulation with PPD, despite wide variations in the results. Studies with fractionated lymphocytes revealed that PPD-responding cells belonged to E-rosetting, nylon wool-nonadherent T lymphocytes. Non-E-rosetting B lymphocytes alone did not proliferate at all after stimulation with PPD. In addition, bromodeoxyuridine and light treatment of in vitro PPD-stimulated lymphocytes eliminated the responsiveness to PPD. These results suggest that T lymphocytes do exist in cord blood and respond in vitro to stimulation with PPD. A possible role for PPD-reactive T lymphocytes in cell-mediated protective immunity in newborns is discussed.
Classification of participatory sensing privacy schemes

Participatory sensing is a revolutionary new paradigm that offers individuals and interest groups the opportunity to contribute to an application using their sensor equipped handheld devices. However, one of the main challenges that threatens the success of participatory sensing systems is “privacy. ” Data collected from participants' devices such as location, time, phone number, etc. are considered private. The collected data should not accidentally reveal any of the contributors' private information. This paper studies the proposed solutions pertaining to ease that challenge in participatory sensing privacy. The main contribution here is classifying the mainstream schemes in participatory sensing privacy based on our classification attributes. Moreover, we propose novel attributes that lay the foundation for privacy preserving sensing schemes in participatory sensing systems.
Interpopulational Variations in Sexual Chemical Signals of Iberian Wall Lizards May Allow Maximizing Signal Efficiency under Different Climatic Conditions

Sexual signals used in intraspecific communication are expected to evolve to maximize efficacy under a given climatic condition. Thus, chemical secretions of lizards might evolve in the evolutionary time to ensure that signals are perfectly tuned to local humidity and temperature conditions affecting their volatility and therefore their persistence and transmission through the environment. We tested experimentally whether interpopulational altitudinal differences in chemical composition of femoral gland secretions of male Iberian wall lizards (Podarcis hispanicus) have evolved to maximize efficacy of chemical signals in different environmental conditions. Chemical analyses first showed that the characteristics of chemical signals of male lizards differed between two populations inhabiting environments with different climatic conditions in spite of the fact that these two populations are closely related genetically. We also examined experimentally whether the temporal attenuation of the chemical stimuli depended on simulated climatic conditions. Thus, we used tongue-flick essays to test whether female lizards were able to detect male scent marks maintained under different conditions of temperature and humidity by chemosensory cues alone. Chemosensory tests showed that chemical signals of males had a lower efficacy (i.e. detectability and persistence) when temperature and dryness increase, but that these effects were more detrimental for signals of the highest elevation population, which occupies naturally colder and more humid environments. We suggest that the abiotic environment may cause a selective pressure on the form and expression of sexual chemical signals. Therefore, interpopulational differences in chemical profiles of femoral secretions of male P. hispanicus lizards may reflect adaptation to maximize the efficacy of the chemical signal in different climates.
SDSM: Fast and scalable security support for directory-based distributed shared memory

Secure computation is increasingly required, most notably when using public clouds. Many secure CPU architectures have been proposed, mostly focusing on single-threaded applications running on a single node. However, security for parallel and distributed computation is also needed, requiring the sharing of secret data among mutually trusting threads running in different compute nodes in an untrusted environment. We propose SDSM, a novel hardware approach for providing secure directory-based distributed shared memory. Unlike previously proposed schemes that cannot maintain reasonable performance beyond 32 cores, our approach allows secure parallel applications to scale efficiently to thousands of cores.
Delay and Energy Models for Polling Based MAC Protocols with Sleep-Wake Cycles

While decentralized medium access control (MAC) protocols are more popular in wireless networks, cluster based sensor networks are particularly amenable to centralized, polling based protocols. This paper presents an analytic model to evaluate the performance of a polling based MAC protocol in terms of the packet delay, buffer overflow rates and energy consumption. We show that the polling based protocol can outperform popular decentralized MAC protocols. Simulation results are presented to validate our model and conclusions.
Evaluating Major Electrode Types for Idle Biological Signal Measurements for Modern Medical Technology

Biological signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyography (EMG) that can be measured at home can reveal vital information about the patient’s health. In today modern technology, the measured ECG or EMG signals at home can be monitored by medical staff from long distance through the use of internet. Biopotential electrodes are crucial in monitoring ECG, EMG, etc., signals. Applying the right type of electrode that lasts for a long time and assists in recording high signal quality is desirable in medical devices industry. Three types of electrodes (Silver/Silver Chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes, Orbital electrodes and Stainless steel electrodes) were tested to identify the most appropriate one for recording biological signals. The evaluation was based on determining the electrode circuit model components and having high capacitance value or high capacitor value of electrode circuit model (Cd) and low electrode-skin impedance value or low resistor value of electrode circuit model (Rd). The results revealed that Ag/AgCl is the best type of electrodes, followed by Orbital electrodes. Stainless steel electrodes had performed poorly. However, Orbital electrodes material can last longer than Ag/AgCl and hence perform similar to Ag/AgCl electrodes, which can be idle for monitoring biological signals at home without the need for medical staff to replace the electrodes in a short period of time.
PGM-based reliable multicast data dissemination in satellite IP networks

A reliable distribution of information to receivers located in different regions of world (e.g. simultaneous uploading Web servers) can be effectively carried out using multicast technology. From the other side, the usage of satellite IP network (from IP angle of view: a single-hop broadcast link) allows easy disseminates information to a large group of users that may span large geographical area. In the paper, possibilities of usage of pragmatic general multicast (PGM) transport protocol for wide-area distribution using satellite links are discussed. Simulation results show, that PGM is able to assure reliable data transmission and good scalability in heterogeneous terrestrial-satellite environment
The Current Often Implemented Fitness Tests in Physical Education Programs: Problems and Future Directions

This paper aims to examine current nationwide youth fitness test programs, address problems embedded in the programs, and possible solutions. The current Fitnessgram, President's Challenge, and YMCA youth fitness test programs were selected to represent nationwide youth fitness test programs. Sponsors of the nationwide youth fitness test programs need to (a) carefully examine the efficacy of youth fitness test batteries in promoting student healthrelated fitness, (b) increase the accountability of youth fitness testing, (c) add a written test on student fitness knowledge to the fitness test programs, and (d) select and develop more efficient test items in each test component.
Illinois Statewide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports

More than 1,000 Illinois schools are implementing schoolwide positive behavior support (SWPBS) to enhance outcomes for students and staff. Consequently, Illinois established layered support structures to facilitate scaling up SWPBS. This paper describes the development of this infrastructure and presents the results of HLM analyses exploring the effects of implementing SWPBS, with and without fidelity across time, on student behavior and academic outcomes (office discipline referrals, suspensions, and state-wide test scores in reading and math) for a sample of 428 Illinois schools implementing SWPBS. Results indicate that (a) most schools implemented with fidelity and maintained or improved student performance across time and (b) implementation fidelity was associated with improved social outcomes and academic outcomes in math. Study limitations and implications are discussed.
“Homicide and Violence—International and Cross-National Research”

The World Homicide Survey is a project that aims at gathering new data pertaining to violence and homicide on most countries of the world. Using expert opinion, we measure perceptions of crime precipitators (firearms and organized crime) and the efficacy of justice agencies (police, courts, prisons, and corruption). To date, we have collected data from 366 respondents from 93 different countries. In this article, we report on our research strategy as well as preliminary analyses that address the question of the construct validity of our data. We also show how our new data correlate with the homicide rate of countries.