Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Model for Predicting !Kung Reproductive Performance: A Stochastic Dynamic Programming Approach

A stochastic dynamic programming model is presented that supports and extends work on the reproductive performance of the ! Kung Bushmen (Lee 1972), (Blurton Jones et al. 1978), (Blurton Jones 1986) proposing that ! Kung women and their reproductive systems may be maximizing reproductive success. The stochastic dynamic programming approach allows the construction of a \whole-life" model where the physical/environmental constraints along with the uncertainty about future events ! Kung women face when making reproductive choices can be explicitly built in. The model makes quantitative predictions for the optimal reproductive strategy assuming ! Kung women are maximizing expected lifetime reproduction (ELR) given the physical parameters of ! Kung life. The model relies on data gathered from the works cited above and some considerations from simple probability theory. The model predictions for optimal birth spacing match the ! Kung reproductive data very well and support earlier ndings (Blurton Jones and Sibly 1978), (Blurton Jones 1986). The utility of the dynamic modeling approach is illustrated when the e ects of varying certain model parameters are investigated. By including the e ect of the mother's mortality which was not included in the Blurton Jones and Sibly (1978) analysis, the model allows for further exploration of the application of an adaptive approach to human reproductive performance. By adding some considerations about the risks of childbirth for the mother the model not only predicts optimal birth spacing which is site speci c but also predicts the optimal time for a woman to begin and cease having children. These predictions coincide with menarche and menopause and shed light on their possible adaptive value.
A novel role of peroxin PEX6: suppression of aging defects in mitochondria

Yeast cells become older with each division, but their daughters are born young. Mutational analysis shows that maintenance of this age asymmetry requires segregation of a complement of active mitochondria to daughters and that this process breaks down in older mother cells. This decline has implications for stem cell aging in higher organisms. PEX6, a peroxisome biogenesis gene, has been isolated as a multicopy suppressor of an atp2 age asymmetry mutant. Suppression depended on the presence of particular amino acid residues in Atp2p, and required adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding and/or ATP hydrolysis activity of Pex6p. Extra copies of PEX6 corrected the deficit in Atp2p in mitochondria in the mutant by improving its import kinetics, resulting in near normal mitochondrial inheritance by daughter cells. The novel function of Pex6p described here may provide insights into peroxisomal and mitochondrial disorders and into metabolic diseases in general.
Interdependent Latch Setup/Hold Time Characterization via Euler-Newton Curve Tracing on State-Transition Equations

Interdependent characterization of latch setup/hold times is a core component of techniques for pessimism reduction via Setup/Hold Interdependence Aware Static Timing Analysis (SHIA-STA) [1], [2]. We present an efficient and novel method for such characterization, by formulating the interdependent setup-hold time problem as an underdetermined nonlinear equation h(zetas,zetah) = 0, which we derive from the latch's state-transition function. We solve this equation numerically using a Moore-Penrose Newton method. Further, we use null-space information from the Newton's Jacobian matrix to efficiently find constant-clock-to-Q contours (in the setup/hold time plane), via an Euler-Newton curve tracing procedure. We validate the method on TSPC and C2MOS registers, obtaining speedups of more than 20 x over prior approaches while achieving superior accuracy. This speedup increases linearly with the precision with which curve tracing is desired. In view of the importance and large computational expense of latch characterization in industry today, the new technique represents a significant enabling technology for dramatically speeding up industrial timing closure flows.
A Resource Block Assignment Scheme for OFDMA-Based Cellular Networks with Self-Organizing Terminal Relays

Effective coordination between terminal relays in OFDMA-based systems becomes a cumbersome task with the increase in the number of these relays. To address this drawback, in this paper an autonomous scheme is proposed whereby the relays assign resource blocks to incoming wireless terminals (WTs) in a way that minimizes the number of hit occurrences at which the same resource block is assigned to other WTs. The proposed scheme uses cyclic group generators to determine the sequence of resource blocks to be assigned by each relay. This scheme is particularly beneficial in self-organizing terminal relaying systems in which the distribution of the wireless terminals is nonuniform. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is significantly better than that of assignment schemes proposed in the literature.
Mitochondrial Aminopeptidase Deletion Increases Chronological Lifespan and Oxidative Stress Resistance while Decreasing Respiratory Metabolism in S. cerevisiae

Recessive mutations in XPNPEP3, encoding a mitochondrial x-prolyl aminopeptidase, have been identified in families with a rare hereditary tubulointerstitial kidney disease. The yeast ortholog of XPNPEP3, Icp55p, participates in the proteolytic processing and stabilization of mitochondrial proteins and its deletion accelerates the degradation of its protein targets. We used icp55 deletion strains of S. cerevisiae to model loss of XPNPEP3 enzymatic function and study its phenotypic consequences on mitochondrial function. We found that Icp55p is not required for respiratory competence; however, compared to controls deletion strains had reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption when grown in glucose containing media. The reduced mitochondrial respiration of icp55 deletion strains in glucose media requires the mitochondrial peptide transporter, Mdl1p, and was corrected by Tor1p inhibition with rapamycin. Under similar growth conditions the abundance of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex was decreased in the icp55 deletion strain and was corrected by concurrent deletion of tor1. The icp55 deletion strain demonstrated an increased chronological lifespan and decreased reactive oxygen species. These changes were additive to similar changes known to occur in tor1 deletion strains suggesting independent mechanisms. Together, these results demonstrate that loss of Icp55p function reduces mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP synthase complex assembly in glucose media, while also promoting stress resistance, decreasing reactive oxygen species and increasing chronological lifespan through mechanisms that are distinct from decreased Tor1p activity.
Serum YKL-40 Levels Correlate with Infarct Volume, Stroke Severity, and Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Background and Purpose YKL-40 is associated with various neurological disorders. However, circulatory YKL-40 levels early after onset of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have not been systematically assessed. We aimed to identify the temporal changes and clinical usefulness of measuring serum YKL-40 immediately following AIS. Methods Serum YKL-40 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were monitored over time in AIS patients (n = 105) and compared with those of stroke-free controls (n = 34). Infarct volume and stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NIHSS) were measured within 48 hours of symptom onset, and functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale; mRS) was measured 3 months after AIS. Results Within 12 hours of symptom onset, levels of YKL-40 (251 vs. 41 ng/mL) and CRP (1.50 vs. 0.96 µg/mL) were elevated in AIS patients compared to controls. The power of YKL-40 for discriminating AIS patients from controls was superior to that of CRP (area under the curve 0.84 vs. 0.64) and YKL-40 (r = 0.26, P<0.001) but not CRP levels were correlated with mRS. On day 2 of admission (D2), YKL-40 levels correlated with infarct volume and NIHSS. High YKL-40 levels predicted poor functional outcome (odds ratio 5.73, P = 0.03). YKL-40 levels peaked on D2 and declined on D3, whereas CRP levels were highest on D3. Conclusions Our results demonstrate serial changes in serum YKL-40 levels immediately following AIS and provide the first evidence that it is a valid indicator of AIS extent and an early predictor of functional outcome.
Energy-efficient gaming on mobile devices using dead reckoning-based power management

We address the issue of how to reduce energy consumption of the wireless interface during multiplayer gaming sessions on mobile devices. Reducing energy consumed by the wireless interface is achieved by putting it in a low-energy state when it is not used. We leverage the dead reckoning technique used in existing games. In dead reckoning, future locations of objects in a game are estimated based on their current locations and velocities. The difference between the extrapolated and true locations is known as the dead reckoning error. We propose an algorithm that employs the dead reckoning error rate to dynamically control the state of the wireless interface. We implement our algorithm into a dead reckoning simulator that is based on a real open-source game. Our experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve up to 36% energy savings for mobile devices. Our proposed algorithm is practical because it does not require much additional code and it allows easy integration with existing games.
Duality of the optimal distributed control for spatially invariant systems

We consider the problem of optimal distributed control of spatially invariant systems. We develop an input-output framework for problems of this class. Spatially invariant systems are viewed as multiplication operators from a particular Hilbert function space into itself in the Fourier domain. Optimal distributed performance is then posed as a distance minimization in a general L-infinity space from a vector function to a subspace with a mixed L∞ and H∞ space structure. In this framework, a generalized version of the Youla parametrization plays a central role. The duality structure of the problem is characterized by computing various dual and pre-dual spaces. The annihilator and pre-annihilator subspaces are also calculated for the dual and pre-dual problems. Furthermore, the latter is used to show the existence of optimal distributed controllers and dual extremal functions under certain conditions. The dual and pre-dual formulations lead to finite dimensional convex optimizations which approximate the optimal solution within desired accuracy. These optimizations can be solved using convex programming methods. Our approach is purely input-output and does not use any state space realization.
Simple microwire and microcatheter mechanical thrombolysis with adjuvant intraarterial urokinase for treatment of hyperacute ischemic stroke patients

Background: Mechanical thrombolysis may effectively enhance the efficacy of thrombolysis for hyperacute ischemic stroke patients. Purpose: To assess the feasibility and results of simple mechanical-based thrombolysis using microwire and microcatheter with adjuvant low-dose intraarterial (i.a.) urokinase (UK) for the treatment of hyperacute ischemic stroke. Material and Methods: Nineteen consecutive patients with hyperacute proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions treated by a standardized protocol using microwire and microcatheter for mechanical thrombus disruption with adjuvant i.a. UK were reviewed. Simple to-and-fro passages through the clot with the microwire and microcatheter followed by disruptions by a J- or pigtail-shaped wire tip with alternating small-dose injections of UK distal, within, and proximal to the clot were performed. The recanalization rates, post-thrombolysis hemorrhage, and clinical outcome (baseline and discharge National Institute of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS], mortality, 3-month modified Rankin scale [mRS]) were evaluated. Results: Recanalization was achieved in 18 of 19 patients (94.7%). The mean UK dose was 375,789 IU (range 130,000–580,000 IU). Two patients (10.5%) developed symptomatic hemorrhage. One of the hemorrhages included a patient who developed subarachnoid hemorrhage. Mortality rate was 15.8% (n = 3). The median baseline NIHSS scores showed improvement from 17 to 10 at presentation and discharge, respectively. At three months, good outcome was noted in 11 of 19 patients (57.9%, mRS 0–2). Conclusion: Simple mechanical-based thrombolysis using microwire and microcatheter with adjuvant low-dose i.a. UK is safe and effective in achieving recanalization with good long-term outcome.
Learning and Awareness

Contents: Prologue. Acknowledgements. What Does It Take to Learn? Qualitative Differences in Learning. The Experience of Learning. Revealing Educationally Critical Differences in Our Understanding of the World Around Us. The Anatomy of Awareness. The Idea of Phenomenography. Learning to Experience. A Pedagogy of Awareness. Epilogue.
Greedy Wavelet Projections are Bounded on BV ∗ Pawe l Bechler ,

Let BV = BV(IR) be the space of functions of bounded variation on IR with d ≥ 2. Let ψλ, λ ∈ ∆, be a wavelet system of compactly supported functions normalized in BV, i.e. |ψλ|BV(IRd) = 1, λ ∈ ∆. Each f ∈ BV has a unique wavelet expansion ∑ λ∈∆ cλ(f)ψλ with convergence in L1(IR ). If ΛN (f) is the set of N indicies λ ∈ ∆ for which |cλ(f)| are largest (with ties handled in an arbitrary way), then GN (f) := ∑ λ∈ΛN (f) cλ(f)ψλ is called a greedy approximation to f . It is shown that |GN (f)|BV(IRd) ≤ C|f |BV(IRd) with C a constant independent of f . This answers in the affirmative a conjecture of Meyer [15] (see p. 49). AMS subject classification: 42C40, 46B70, 26B35, 42B25.
Non-Profit Foundations in Four Countries of Central and Eastern Europe

The paper presents an analysis of roles and visions of foundations in four Central and Eastern European countries: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary and Poland. It offers a comparative account of therelevantlegislationandthepathstakenbythesefourfoundationsectorsintheaftermathofthe1989-91 democratic regime changes. They are depicted against a background characterized, among other things, by a partial demise of the state and rapid development of non-profit organizations. Using the methodology and conceptualizations of the research project Roles and visions of foundations in Europe ,t he authors describe the role profiles of foundations in these countries. They distinguish between role expectations of foundation stakeholders and the roles foundations are actually able to perform, given existing constraints such as legal regulations and limited own resources. The roles are further analyzed as parts of broader social visions in which foundation representatives and other stakeholders in the four CEE countries prefer to locate them. The dominance of certain roles and visions is explained with reference to specific features of post-communist societies.
Metalloproteinase inhibitors: biological actions and therapeutic opportunities

Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are the major cellular inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) sub-family, exhibiting varying efficacy against different members, as well as different tissue expression patterns and modes of regulation. Other proteins have modest inhibitory activity against some of the MMPs, including domains of netrins, the procollagen C-terminal proteinase enhancer (PCPE), the reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK), and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI-2), but their physiological significance is not at all clear. α 2-Macroglobulin, thrombospondin-1 and thrombospondin-2 can bind to some MMPs and act as agents for their removal from the extracellular environment. In contrast, few effective inhibitors of other members of the metzincin family, the astacins or the distintegrin metalloproteinases, ADAMs have been identified. Many of these MMP inhibitors, including the TIMPs, possess other biological activities which may not be related to their inhibitory capacities. These need to be thoroughly characterized in order to allow informed development of MMP inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents. Over activity of MMPs has been implicated in many diseases, including those of the cardiovascular system, arthritis and cancer. The development of synthetic small molecule inhibitors has been actively pursued for some time, but the concept of the use of the natural inhibitors, such as the TIMPs, in gene based therapies is being assessed in animal models and should provide useful insights into the cell biology of degradative diseases.
Study of cover source mismatch in steganalysis and ways to mitigate its impact

When a steganalysis detector trained on one cover source is applied to images from a different source, generally the detection error increases due to the mismatch between both sources. In steganography, this situation is recognized as the so-called cover source mismatch (CSM). The drop in detection accuracy depends on many factors, including the properties of both sources, the detector construction, the feature space used to represent the covers, and the steganographic algorithm. Although well recognized as the single most important factor negatively affecting the performance of steganalyzers in practice, the CSM received surprisingly little attention from researchers. One of the reasons for this is the diversity with which the CSM can manifest. On a series of experiments in the spatial and JPEG domains, we refute some of the common misconceptions that the severity of the CSM is tied to the feature dimensionality or their “fragility. ” The CSM impact on detection appears too difficult to predict due to the effect of complex dependencies among the features. We also investigate ways to mitigate the negative effect of the CSM using simple measures, such as by enlarging the diversity of the training set (training on a mixture of sources) and by employing a bank of detectors trained on multiple different sources and testing on a detector trained on the closest source.
Cerebral blood flow changes induced by subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson’s disease

The authors used PET to show that the abnormal pattern of cerebral blood flow (CBF) activation described in PD is normalized by electrical stimulation of subthalamic nucleus. Improvement in bradykinesia correlated with increase in CBF due to stimulation in the supplementary motor area and anterior cingulate cortex. Compared to unilateral stimulation, bilateral stimulation induced a greater extent of activation in bilateral cortical areas and additional bilateral activation of globus pallidus.
An arcane role of DNA in transcription activation.

Abstract The mechanism by which the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) activates transcription has been investigated using the lac promoter of Escherichia coli. For transcription activation, an interaction between DNA-bound CRP and RNA polymerase is not sufficient. CRP must bind to a site in the same DNA and close to the promoter. CRP action requires an intact spacer DNA to provide a rigid support in building a CRP-RNA polymerase protein bridge or to allow a conformational change in the DNA to be transmitted to the lac promoter using the protein bridge as a structural support.
Rainbow faces in edge‐colored plane graphs

A face of an edge‐colored plane graph is called rainbow if the number of colors used on its edges is equal to its size. The maximum number of colors used in an edge coloring of a connected plane graph Gwith no rainbow face is called the edge‐rainbowness of G. In this paper we prove that the edge‐rainbowness of Gequals the maximum number of edges of a connected bridge face factor H of G, where a bridge face factor H of a plane graph Gis a spanning subgraph H of Gin which every face is incident with a bridge and the interior of any one face f∈F(G) is a subset of the interior of some face f′∈F(H). We also show upper and lower bounds on the edge‐rainbowness of graphs based on edge connectivity, girth of the dual graphs, and other basic graph invariants. Moreover, we present infinite classes of graphs where these equalities are attained. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 62: 84–99, 2009
1-Phenyl-3-{4-[4-(4-undecyloxybenzoyloxy)phenyloxycarbonyl]phenyl}triazene 1-oxide

The X-ray crystallographic study of the title compound, C37H41N3O6, at 150 K establishes the N-oxide form of the triazene 1-oxide unit. There is one intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interaction and the crystal packing is stabilized by one N—H⋯O, three C—H⋯O and three C—H⋯π intermolecular interactions. The dihedral angles between pairs of adjacent benzene rings are 14.9 (3), 56.3 (1) and 56.0 (1)°
Effects of intoxicating free-choice alcohol consumption during adolescence on drinking and impulsivity during adulthood in selectively bred high-alcohol preferring mice.

BACKGROUND Abuse of alcohol during adolescence continues to be a problem, and it has been shown that earlier onset of drinking predicts increased alcohol abuse problems later in life. High levels of impulsivity have been demonstrated to be characteristic of alcoholics, and impulsivity has also been shown to predict later alcohol use in teenage subjects, showing that impulsivity may precede the development of alcohol use disorders. These experiments examined adolescent drinking in a high-drinking, relatively impulsive mouse population and assessed its effects on adult drinking and adult impulsivity. METHODS Experiment 1: Selectively bred high-alcohol preferring (HAPII) mice were given either alcohol (free-choice access) or water only for 2 weeks during middle adolescence or adulthood. All mice were given free-choice access to alcohol 30 days later, in adulthood. Experiment 2: Adolescent HAPII mice drank alcohol and water, or water alone, for 2 weeks, and were then trained to perform a delay discounting task as adults to measure impulsivity. In each experiment, effects of volitional ethanol (EtOH) consumption on later behavior were assessed. We expected adolescent alcohol exposure to increase subsequent drinking and impulsivity. RESULTS Mice consumed significant quantities of EtOH, reaching average blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) of 142 mg/dl (adolescent) or 154 mg/dl (adult) in Experiment 1. Adolescent mice in Experiment 2 reached an average of 108 mg/dl. Mice exposed to alcohol in either adolescence or adulthood showed a transient increase in EtOH consumption, but we observed no differences in impulsivity in adult mice as a function of whether mice drank alcohol during adolescence. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that HAPII mice drink intoxicating levels of alcohol during both adolescence and adulthood and that this volitional intake has long-term effects on subsequent drinking behavior. Nonetheless, this profound exposure to alcohol during adolescence does not increase impulsivity in adulthood, indicating that long-term changes in drinking are mediated by mechanisms other than impulsivity.
Design and implementation of digital RF transmitter for bluetooth applications

A novel fully digital architecture for a multi gigahertz RF transmitter that meets blue tooth specifications is presented in this paper. The transmitter architecture uses All Digital Phase-locked loop. (ADPLL) in contrast to charge-pump PLLs used in analog transmitters. The ADPLL has several advantages when compared to traditional Charge-pump PLLs. The conventional RF frequency synthesizer architecture, based on the voltage-controlled oscillator and the phase /frequency detector and charge-pump combination, has been replaced with a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) and a time-to-digital converter, respectively. All digital blocks are synthesized using VHDL code. The RF transmitter so created can be used for any short-range wireless applications and it can also be integrated with DSP systems as a System-on-chip (SoC).