Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact Case Study : Guaranteeing the real-time performance of in-vehicle networks

Controller Area Network (CAN) is a digital communications bus used by the automotive industry for invehicle networks. Research from the Real-Time Systems Group at the University of York introduced techniques that enable CAN to operate under high loads (approx. 80% utilisation) while ensuring that all messages meet their deadlines. The research led directly to the development of commercial products, now called Volcano Network Architect (VNA) and the Volcano Target Package (VTP). This Volcano technology (VNA and VTP) is now owned by Mentor Graphics. In recent years, VNA has been used to configure CAN communications for all Volvo production cars, with VTP used in the majority of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in these vehicles, including the S40, S60, S80, V50, V70, XC60, XC70, XC90, C30, and C70; total production volume 330,000 to 450,000 vehicles per year. This Volcano technology is also used by Jaguar, LandRover, Aston Martin, Mazda, and the Chinese automotive company SAIC. It is used by the world’s leading automotive suppliers, including Bosch and Visteon. It is also used by Airbus.
Novel Clinically Relevant Genes in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Identified by Exome Sequencing

Purpose: Chromosomal gains and losses resulting in altered gene dosage are known to be recurrent in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). The aim of our study was the identification of clinical relevant genes in these candidate regions. Material and Methods: A cohort of 174 GIST was investigated using DNA array (n = 29), FISH (n = 125), exome sequencing (n = 13), and immunohistochemistry (n = 145). Results: Array analysis revealed recurrent copy number variations (CNVs) of chromosomal arms 1p, 1q, 3p, 4q, 5q, 7p, 11q, 12p, 13q, 14q, 15q, and 22q. FISH studies of these CNVs showed that relative loss of 1p was associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS). Analysis of exome sequencing concentrating on target regions showing recurrent CNVs revealed a median number of 3,404 (range 1,641–13,602) variants (SNPs, insertions, deletions) in each tumor minus paired blood sample; variants in at least three samples were observed in 37 genes. After further analysis, target genes were reduced to 10 in addition to KIT and PDGFRA. Immunohistochemical investigation showed that expression of SYNE2 and DIAPH1 was associated with shorter DFS, expression of RAD54L2 with shorter and expression of KIT with longer overall survival. Conclusion: Using a novel approach combining DNA arrays, exome sequencing, and immunohistochemistry, we were able to identify 10 target genes in GIST, of which three showed hithero unknown clinical relevance. Because the identified target genes SYNE2, MAPK8IP2, and DIAPH1 have been shown to be involved in MAP kinase signaling, our data further indicate the important role of this pathway in GIST. Clin Cancer Res; 19(19); 5329–39. ©2013 AACR.
Topological queries in spatial databases

Handling spatial information is required by many database applications, and each poses different requirements on query languages. In many cases the precise size of the regions is important, while in other applications we may only be interested in the TOPOLOGICAL relations- hips between regions — intuitively, those that pertain to adjacency and connectivity properties of the regions, and are therefore invariant under homeomorphisms. Such differences in scope and emphasis are crucial, as they affect the data model, the query language, and performance. This talk focuses on queries targeted towards topological information for two- dimensional spatial databases, where regions are specified by polynomial inequalities with integer coeficients. We focus on two main aspects: (i) languages for expressing topological queries, and (ii) the representation of topological information. In regard to (i), we study several languages geared towards topological queries, building upon well-known topologi- cal relationships between pairs of planar regions proposed by Egenhofer. In regard to (ii), we show that the topological information in a spatial database can be precisely summarized by a finite relational database which can be viewed as a topological annotation to the raw spatial data. All topological queries can be answered using this annotation, called to- pological invariant. This yields a potentially more economical evaluation strategy for such queries, since the topological invariant is generally much smaller than the raw data. We examine in detail the problem of transla- ting topological queries against the spatial database into queries against the topological invariant. The languages considered are first-order on the spatial database side, and fixpoint and first-order on the topological in- variant side. In particular, it is shown that fixpoint expresses precisely the PTIME queries on topological invariants. This suggests that topolo- gical invariants are particularly well-behaved with respect to descriptive complexity. (Based on joint work with C.H.Papadimitriou, D. Suciu and L. Segoufin.)
Lumbar Endoscopic Microdiscectomy: Where Are We Now? An Updated Literature Review Focused on Clinical Outcome, Complications, and Rate of Recurrence

Endoscopic disc surgery (EDS) for lumbar spine disc herniation is a well-known but developing field, which is increasingly spreading in the last few years. Rate of recurrence/residual, complications, and outcomes, in comparison with standard microdiscectomy (MD), is still debated and need further data. We performed an extensive review based on the last 6 years of surgical series, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses reported in international, English-written literature. Articles regarding patients treated through endoscopic transforaminal or interlaminar approaches for microdiscectomy (MD) were included in the present review. Papers focused on endoscopic surgery for other spinal diseases were not included. From July 2009 to July 2015, we identified 51 surgical series, 5 systematic reviews, and one meta-analysis reported. In lumbar EDS, rate of complications, length of hospital staying, return to daily activities, and overall patients' satisfaction seem comparable to standard MD. Rate of recurrence/residual seems higher in EDS, although data are nonhomogeneous among different series. Surgical indication and experience of the performing surgeon are crucial factors affecting the outcome. There is growing but still weak evidence that lumbar EDS is a valid and safe alternative to standard open microdiscectomy. Statistically reliable data obtained from randomized controlled trials (better if multicentric) are desirable to further confirm these results.
Numerical Simulation on the Aerodynamic Characteristics Effect of Ribs Acting on the Cooling Tower

The experimental work deals with the modelling of flow around a two-dimensional model of an infinite cylinder in a trans-critical flow regime. Herein, there was used ANSYS Fluent and the turbulent model k-ε realizable for the calculation of the pressure distribution around the cylinder. This turbulence model belongs to Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS). The simulated numerical domain considered half of the cylinder with the diameter of 70 m, wind flow was set to 35 m.s-1, which resulting in the Reynolds number of Re = 1,68.108. In this study, meridional wind ribs were modelled physically. A parametric study was modelled with the different shape of ribs, ribs spacing and height. Simulated results were compared with experimentally ascertained data and guidelines.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is elevated in patients with COPD independent of metabolic and cardiovascular function

Introduction Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a major inhibitor of fibrinolysis, is associated with thrombosis, obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and premature aging, which all are coexisting conditions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The role of PAI-1 in COPD with respect to metabolic and cardiovascular functions is unclear. Methods In this study, which was nested within a prospective cohort study, the serum levels of PAI-1 were cross-sectionally measured in 74 stable COPD patients (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] Stages I–IV) and 18 controls without lung disease. In addition, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, waist circumference, blood pressure, smoking status, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin, ankle–brachial index, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and history of comorbidities were also determined. Results The serum levels of PAI-1 were significantly higher in COPD patients than in controls, independent of a broad spectrum of possible confounders including metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunction. A multivariate regression analysis revealed triglyceride and hs-CRP levels to be the best predictors of PAI-1 within COPD. GOLD Stages II and III remained independently associated with higher PAI-1 levels in a final regression analysis. Conclusion The data from the present study showed that the serum levels of PAI-1 are higher in patients with COPD and that moderate-to-severe airflow limitation, hypertriglyceridemia, and systemic inflammation are independent predictors of an elevated PAI-1 level. PAI-1 may be a potential biomarker candidate for COPD-specific and extra-pulmonary manifestations.
Fabrication of Lotus-Type Porous NiAl and Ni3Al Intermetallic Compounds

Lotus-type porous NiAl and Ni3Al intermetallic compounds, possessing cylindrical pores aligned in the direction parallel to the solidification direction, were fabricated by using a unidirectional solidification technique in a pressurized hydrogen atmosphere of 2.5MPa. The porosity of lotus NiAl is 24.2 %, and the porosity of lotus Ni3Al is 3.2%; the porosity of the porous NiAl is larger than that of Ni3Al. This is because the solubility gap of hydrogen between liquid and solid phases of NiAl is larger than that of Ni3Al.
Wellfounded recursion with copatterns: a unified approach to termination and productivity

In this paper, we study strong normalization of a core language based on System F-omega which supports programming with finite and infinite structures. Building on our prior work, finite data such as finite lists and trees are defined via constructors and manipulated via pattern matching, while infinite data such as streams and infinite trees is defined by observations and synthesized via copattern matching. In this work, we take a type-based approach to strong normalization by tracking size information about finite and infinite data in the type. This guarantees compositionality. More importantly, the duality of pattern and copatterns provide a unifying semantic concept which allows us for the first time to elegantly and uniformly support both well-founded induction and coinduction by mere rewriting. The strong normalization proof is structured around Girard's reducibility candidates. As such our system allows for non-determinism and does not rely on coverage. Since System F-omega is general enough that it can be the target of compilation for the Calculus of Constructions, this work is a significant step towards representing observation-centric infinite data in proof assistants such as Coq and Agda.
CpG Island Methylation in Human Lymphocytes Is Highly Correlated with DNA Sequence, Repeats, and Predicted DNA Structure

CpG island methylation plays an important role in epigenetic gene control during mammalian development and is frequently altered in disease situations such as cancer. The majority of CpG islands is normally unmethylated, but a sizeable fraction is prone to become methylated in various cell types and pathological situations. The goal of this study is to show that a computational epigenetics approach can discriminate between CpG islands that are prone to methylation from those that remain unmethylated. We develop a bioinformatics scoring and prediction method on the basis of a set of 1,184 DNA attributes, which refer to sequence, repeats, predicted structure, CpG islands, genes, predicted binding sites, conservation, and single nucleotide polymorphisms. These attributes are scored on 132 CpG islands across the entire human Chromosome 21, whose methylation status was previously established for normal human lymphocytes. Our results show that three groups of DNA attributes, namely certain sequence patterns, specific DNA repeats, and a particular DNA structure, are each highly correlated with CpG island methylation (correlation coefficients of 0.64, 0.66, and 0.49, respectively). We predicted, and subsequently experimentally examined 12 CpG islands from human Chromosome 21 with unknown methylation patterns and found more than 90% of our predictions to be correct. In addition, we applied our prediction method to analyzing Human Epigenome Project methylation data on human Chromosome 6 and again observed high prediction accuracy. In summary, our results suggest that DNA composition of CpG islands (sequence, repeats, and structure) plays a significant role in predisposing CpG islands for DNA methylation. This finding may have a strong impact on our understanding of changes in CpG island methylation in development and disease.
Feature Multi-Selection among Subjective Features

When dealing with subjective, noisy, or otherwise nebulous features, the "wisdom of crowds" suggests that one may benefit from multiple judgments of the same feature on the same object. We give theoretically-motivated feature multi-selection algorithms that choose, among a large set of candidate features, not only which features to judge but how many times to judge each one. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for linear regression on a crowdsourced learning task of predicting people's height and weight from photos, using features such as gender and estimated weight as well as culturally fraught ones such as attractive.
The Influence of Bronchodilator Drugs on the Pressure-volume Relationships of Forced Expiration

Published work on the intrathoracic pressure and volume relationships during rapid maximal expiration has hitherto been confined to the study of healthy subjects and those with emphysema (Campbell, Martin, and Riley, 1956). It seemed to us that added light could be thrown upon the effects of bronchiolar obstruction if asthmatic patients were studied in whom the degree of obstruction could be lessened by treatment with bronchodilator drugs. We hoped thereby to understand more fully the mechanism of the increase in the volume of forced expiration which is usually observed following this treatment. To this end 10 patients with dyspnoea and wheezing associated with chronic bronchitis
Assessment of adherence with oral anticancer agents in oncology clinical trials: A systematic review

Background Despite recommendations for adherence reporting in clinical trials involving an oral anticancer agent, the frequency and methods of adherence reporting are inconsistent. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the frequency and type of adherence measures used in oncology and hematology clinical trials of oral anticancer agents and their association with study characteristics including quality, cancer type, stage and treatment type. Design PubMed was searched of all randomized controlled clinical trials assessing self-administered pharmacological interventions in patients with cancer and published over two years, between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2012 were evaluated. Results We identified 70 publications in the PubMed database, comprising 45,118 total patients. Adherence reporting was present in 14 of 70 trials (20%); quantitative reporting was present in three of 70 trials (4%). Method of adherence assessment varied and included medication count, medication diaries and patient self-report. There was no association between adherence reporting and study quality or other study characteristics, although there was a trend towards increased reporting in breast cancer studies, with 46% of the studies reporting adherence (p = 0.0621). In a preliminary analysis, hematology studies (mean Jadad score 2.19 ± 1.47) were found to have significantly lower quality when compared to non-hematology trials (mean Jadad score 3.39 ± 1.37, p = 0.0034). Conclusion This systematic review demonstrates adherence reporting in clinical trials of oral anticancer agents is infrequent. When reported, adherence was not associated with overall study quality or other study characteristics. Given the potential effects of non-adherence on study power and validity, adherence reporting should be encouraged in oncology and hematology clinical trials.
Real-time Holographic Display Based on a Super Fast Response Thin Film

Real-time dynamic holographic display is obtained with super fast response in a thin film without any applied electric field. Holograms can be refreshed in the order of a millisecond and there is no cross talk between the recorded holograms because the hologram formed in the film is transient and can be completely self erased, and the hologram formation time and self-erasure time are both ∼1 ms. Holographic video display is achieved, which shows the real-time holographic image display capability of the thin film, and its much higher resolution than those of commercially available spatial light modulators. Furthermore, multiplexed hologram display using two polarization directions of a recorded light and multiple color holographic display at different laser wavelengths are presented, which demonstrate the feasibility of a RGB color holographic three-dimensional display with the thin film. Because the sample is easy to be fabricated into a large size screen and needs no external applied electric field, we think that the film can be developed into a large-size, dynamic, and color holographic three-dimensional display in the future.
Facial Shape Estimation in the Presence of Cast Shadows

This paper describes a method for cast shadow removal from obliquely illuminated images of faces. The method draws on a statistical model of surface normal directions. The model is fitted to shadowed facial images using robust statistics and constraints provided by shape-from-shading. Regions associated with poor fit residuals are associated with shadow regions. We illustrate the method on the Yale B database where it gives both good shadow map estimates and fills-in the facial surface in the shadow regions.
Effect of Treatments of Microwave Radiation and Steaming on Color of Larch Wood

Larch wood (larix) contains plenty of resin and a combined treatment with microwave irradiation and subsequently steaming is a strategy to remove the resins in the larch wood. In this study, the effects of microwave power (5.54, 12.92, and 24 kW) and steaming period (2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 h) on surface color were investigated. After air-drying, L*（Lightness）, Ag*(Hue Angle), and ΔE*( color difference) values of control increased, however, redness（a*）, yellowness（b*） and Chroma（C*）values decreased. The color parameters of larch wood after microwave treatment and air-drying exhibited a same trend as the control, but the values were slightly larger than the absolute value of control. Simultaneous, L* and ΔE* values also increased but b* and C* values decreased. Most a* values decreased, Ag* values decreased or unchanged. Treatment with microwave-steaming followed with air-drying caused an increase in L* and ΔE*; however, b* and C* values decreased. Steaming for 8h and 12h at 12.92kW resulted in increased a* values but the other parameters decreased. For steaming The Ag* values did not exhibit any trend due to steaming.
Adaptive Systems : from intelligent tutoring to autonomous agents 1

Computer systems which can automatically alter aspects of their functionality or interface to suit the needs of individuals or groups of users have appeared over the years in a variety of guises. Most recently attention has focused on intelligent interface agents which are seen as specialised, knowledge-based systems acting on behalf of the user in some aspect of the interaction. Similar requirements for automatic adaptation have been noted in intelligent tutoring systems, natural language systems and intelligent interfaces. This paper brings together the research which has emanated from a number of backgrounds and provides a unifying perspective on adaptive systems in general. We present an architecture for adaptive systems and a methodology for their development. The paper also describes software support for producing adaptive systems and offers some experimental evidence to justify both the desirability and feasibility of exploiting an adaptive system approach to human-computer interaction. keywords: adaptive systems, intelligent interfaces, user models, domain models, autonomous agents, adaptive system architecture, development methodology
The Acute Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Passive and Dynamic Flexibility in Gymnasts

The Acute Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Passive and Dynamic Flexibility in Gymnasts Caisa Brooks Department of Exercise Sciences, BYU Master of Science Gymnasts must attain extreme ranges of flexibility to execute performance requirements, thus effective stretching proves vital to advancement in the sport. This study examined the acute effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on passive and dynamic flexibility in young, female gymnasts. Participants (n = 27, Junior Olympic levels 5-10) served as their own control. Measurements of passive and dynamic flexibility were obtained using the TOPS forward split testing method to examine passive flexibility and dynamic flexibility was measured via split jumps that were analyzed with video and Dartfish software. According to randomized order, all participants completed a stretching protocol either with the WBV platform turned on (VIB) or off (C) separated by 48 h. Participants performed 4 sets of three stretches on the WBV platform. An ANCOVA was performed (using height, weight, age, years of experience, and gymnastics level as covariates). Significant improvements were found in passive flexibility for both VIB and C conditions, but there was no significant difference between the two stretching conditions (p = 0.17). The maximum split jump decreased significantly from pre to post measurement in both the VIB (p < 0.0001) and C (p = 0.04) conditions. VIB decreased the split jump significantly more than C. Based on the results of our study, an acute session of static stretching or stretching with WBV immediately before performance decreases split jump performance. Therefore, this WBV protocol is not recommended immediately prior to gymnastics competition.