Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transgenic expression of the jellyfish green fluorescent protein in the cone photoreceptors of the mouse

The goal of this study was to determine whether the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) could be used in transgenic mice to label and purify cone photoreceptors from the living retina. We created a transgene containing the 5′ regulatory sequence of the human red pigment gene (pR6.5 lacZ clone; kindly provided by J. Nathans & Y. Wang), fused to the GFP coding sequence. This transgene was used to generate seven lines of PCR-positive founders. Three of the lines had bright green fluorescent cone photoreceptors. The GFP fills the entire cell. Two mouse lines had only a few (∼10–100) fluorescent cells per retina, and one line (R6.85933) had many thousands. In the latter, double labeling of the cones with RITC-conjugated peanut agglutinin reveals that in the ventral retina a small proportion of the cones express GFP, while in the dorsal retina the majority do. Cells dissociated from the retinae of line R6.85933 continue to fluoresce and can be readily detected and enriched with flow cytometry. The signal provides a log unit of separation between the fluorescent cone soma and the remaining retinal cells. Roughly 3% of the cells are this fluorescent, and it is possible to purify up to 30,000 cells from one mouse. RT-PCR analysis of the mRNA from these isolated cells detects both the middle and short wavelength opsins with little if any contamination from rhodopsin.
Study of the impedance transformation ratio of microwave rectifier for outphasing power recycling application

This paper presents an analysis for the impedance transformation ratio of microwave rectifier, implemented as an energy recycling unit suitable for RF outphasing transmitters. The experimental demonstration is realised by two single-ended microwave rectifiers with different impedance transformation ratios to separately replace the power-wasting resistive load of an isolating combiner in a multilevel LINC system. The measurement results show that the implemented rectifier can improve the overall efficiency of the multilevel LINC system from original 39.5 % to 46.7 % and 44.9 % respectively, without affecting linearity.
How does the type of guidance a ect student use of an interactive simulation ?

For students using carefully designed computer simulations, we nd that the type of guidance provided to the student during interviews strongly in uences the amount of independent exploration and inquiry in which they engage. What would be considered relatively little guidance for typical educational activities appears to limit the bene ts of a complex simulated environment. In a study of student interaction with a PhET simulation, we nd that when students follow a carefully-designed activity that gently guides their exploration and sense-making of the important concepts, they actually exhibit less engagement with the simulation and do less exploration and discovery than students who receive only minimal guidance.
Survival outcomes of hepatic resection compared with transarterial chemoembolization or sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis

Background/Aims: Treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) remains controversial. We compared the outcomes of hepatic resection (HR), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and sorafenib therapy as treatments for HCC with PVTT. Methods: Patients diagnosed as HCC with PVTT between January 2000 and December 2011 who received treatment with sorafenib, HR, or TACE were included. Patients with main PVTT, superior mesenteric vein tumor thrombosis, or Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class C were excluded. The records of 172 patients were analyzed retrospectively. HR, TACE, and sorafenib treatment were performed is 40, 80, and 52 patients respectively. PVTT was classified as either involving the segmental branch (type I) or extending to involve the right or left portal vein (type II). Results: The median survival time was significantly longer in the HR group (19.9 months) than in the TACE and sorafenib groups (6.6 and 6.2 months, respectively; both p<0.001), and did not differ significantly between the latter two groups (p=0.698). Among patients with CTP class A, type I PVTT or unilobar-involved HCC, the median survival time was longer in the HR group than in the TACE and sorafenib groups (p=0.006). In univariate analyses, the initial treatment method, tumor size, PVTT type, involved lobe, CTP class, and presence of cirrhosis or ascites were correlated with overall survival. The significant prognostic factors for overall survival in Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis were initial treatment method (HR vs. TACE: hazard ratio=1.750, p=0.036; HR vs. sorafenib: hazard ratio=2.262, p=0.006), involved lobe (hazard ratio=1.705, p=0.008), PVTT type (hazard ratio=1.617, p=0.013), and CTP class (hazard ratio=1.712, p=0.012). Conclusions: Compared with TACE or sorafenib, HR may prolong the survival of patients with HCC in cases of CTP class A, type I PVTT or unilobar-involved HCC.
A Review of: “Modern Social Imaginaries by Charles Taylor”

As indicated by several of his previous works including Sources of the Self (1989) and Multiculturalism and the Politics of Recognition (1992), Charles Taylor continues his academic journey of scrutinizing our modern society with his book, Modern Social Imaginaries. His motive in writing this book is to pose a new angle that throws ‘‘some light on both the original and the contemporary issues about modernity’’ (p. 1). In order to understand modernity, he claims that there should be plural reflections of multiple modernities rather than a single modernity. Based on this theme, Taylor provides a comprehensive explanation of Western modernity, including diverse political, economic, and religious perspectives. Given the central notion of this book, social imaginary reflects these divergent understandings of multiple modernities. Taylor defines social imaginary as ‘‘common understanding that makes possible common practices and a widely shared sense of legitimacy’’ (p. 23). Modern Social Imaginaries is composed of two parts. The first part (from chapter 1 to4)of thebook traces theoriginsofWesternmodernity as it burgeoned during the 17th century. This part illustrates the normative discourse dealing with disembedding people out of a structurally determined and religiously oppressed pre-modern social system. This ‘‘great disembedding’’ (chapter 4) ultimately results from the secularization of our beliefs, attitudes, and values, which in turn creates modern social imaginaries. In addition, Taylor prominently explains that his methodology to scrutinize Western modernity focuses not on theories, but on imaginary generated by how ordinary people in history have perceived and transformed their realities through their dialectic interactions with social surroundings. The second part (chapters 5 to 14) consists of diverse features of modernity that occur in diverse spheres including the public, private, political, and economic. In particular, this portion of the text illustrates the tension between political and economic individualism and mutual benefits within a society. Related to this tension, Taylor highlights individual liberty and prosperity and emphasizes mutual benefit as well. In developing these ideas, Taylor sagely clarifies that his investigation of modernity will be localized in the Western sphere. This localization greatly maximizes the worth of this book, for it provides a more specialized analysis of Western modernity. The Howard Journal of Communications, 17:75 78, 2006 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1064-6175 print/1096-4349 online DOI: 10.1080/10646170500488028
Genetic Interactions between Hepatitis C Virus Replicons

ABSTRACT To investigate interactions between hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication complexes, a system was developed to simultaneously select different HCV subgenomic replicons within the same cell. Transcomplementation of defective replicons was not observed, suggesting an isolated and independent nature of the HCV RNA replication complex. In contrast, a high level of competition between replicons was observed, such that the presence and increased fitness of one replicon reduced the capacity of a second one to stably replicate. These results suggest that at least one factor in Huh7 cells required for HCV RNA replication is limiting and saturable.
Investigation on Locking and Pulling Modes in Analog Frequency Dividers

We compare the main analytical results available to estimate the locking range, which is the key figure-of-merit of LC frequency dividers based on the injection locking phenomenon. Starting from the classical result by Adler concerning injection-locked oscillators, we elucidate the merits and the shortcomings of the different approaches to study injection-locked frequency dividers, with particular emphasis on divider-by-2. In particular, we show the potential of a perturbation approach which enables a more complete analysis of frequency dividers, making it possible to calculate not only the amplitude and the phase of the locked oscillation, but also the region where it exists and is stable, which defines the locking region. Finally, we analyze the dynamical behaviour of the dividers in the vicinity of the boundary of the locking region, showing that there exists a border region where the occurrence of the locking or the pulling operation mode is possible, depending on the initial conditions of the system.
An Enhanced Two-Party Key Agreement Protocol in the Key Escrow Mode

In an open and distributed environment, authenticated key agreement protocol, as an important cryptographic primitive, is used to authenticate entities and establish session key in order to provide secure communications. Key escrow is essential in situations where confidentiality and audit trail are legal requirements, whilst perfect forward secrecy and known session-specific temporary information secrecy attributes are desirable to provide stronger security. In this paper, we give a cryptanalysis on the scheme due to Wang et al., which is based on the identity-based encryption scheme proposed by Gentry (Eurocrypt'06), and then present an enhanced secure two-party identity-based authenticated key agreement protocol. The new proposed protocol achieves most of the required security attributes and can be used properly in the escrow mode. Security analysis shows that it achieves the attributes of known-key secrecy, key-compromise impersonation resilience, unknown key-share resilience and no key control. In addition, it captures the perfect forward secrecy and known session-specific temporary information secrecy attributes.
Evidence‐based plastic surgery—“Status Quo”

The face of modern health care is changing rapidly. The ever-increasing cost of health care is met by an increased interest in outcome analysis of medical interventions. The interest in critical analysis of therapeutic interventions is fueled by the realization that only 15–40% of healthcare decisions have a solid scientific basis. As a result, physicians are facing increasing pressures to provide scientifically based evidence to support treatment recommendations and institutions are increasingly implementing programs based on evidence-based medicine (EBM) principles. The most comprehensive definition of EBM has been provided by Sackett et al., who defined EBM as “the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The practice of EBM means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research”. These three pillars of EBM, namely individual clinical expertise, best external evidence, and patient preferences, are demonstrated in Figure 1. Review of these components and their relationships to one another make it apparent that implementation of EBM principles does not mean implementation of “cookbook medicine”; a fear that reflects a common misconception when discussing EBM. In fact, judgment and expertise of the individual clinician are critical in deciding whether the external evidence gathered is applicable to the clinical problem at hand. To implement EBM into clinical practice, five steps must be adhered to, namely:
A Statistical Information Extraction System for Turkish

Information Extraction (IE) is the process of analyzing natural language text or speech, and collecting information about speciied types of entities, relationships, or events, such as marking person, location, and organization names or determining the topic changes. Although in recent years there have been numerous studies in processing Turk-ish text, we are not aware of any studies of developing an IE system for Turkish. Furthermore, neither of these studies on processing Turk-ish text employ statistical techniques due to the problems in nding a training corpus and adapting these techniques to Turkish. As a doctoral thesis, I propose to investigate and develop a statistical information extraction system for Turkish.
Acquisition and Extinction of Human Avoidance Behavior: Attenuating Effect of Safety Signals and Associations with Anxiety Vulnerabilities

While avoidance behavior is often an adaptive strategy, exaggerated avoidance can be detrimental and result in the development of psychopathologies, such as anxiety disorders. A large animal literature shows that the acquisition and extinction of avoidance behavior in rodents depends on individual differences (e.g., sex, strain) and might be modulated by the presence of environmental cues. However, there is a dearth of such reports in human literature, mainly due to the lack of adequate experimental paradigms. In the current study, we employed a computer-based task, where participants control a spaceship and attempt to gain points by shooting an enemy spaceship that appears on the screen. Warning signals predict on-screen aversive events; the participants can learn a protective response to escape or avoid these events. This task has been recently used to reveal facilitated acquisition of avoidance behavior in individuals with anxiety vulnerability due to female sex or inhibited personality. Here, we extended the task to include an extinction phase, and tested the effect of signals that appeared during “safe” periods. Healthy young adults (n = 122) were randomly assigned to a testing condition with or without such signals. Results showed that the addition of safety signals during the acquisition phase impaired acquisition (in females) and facilitated extinction of the avoidance behavior. We also replicated our recent finding of an association between female sex and longer avoidance duration and further showed that females continued to demonstrate more avoidance behavior even on extinction trials when the aversive events no longer occurred. This study is the first to show sex differences on the acquisition and extinction of human avoidance behavior and to demonstrate the role of safety signals in such behavior, highlighting the potential relevance of safety signals for cognitive therapies that focus on extinction learning to treat anxiety symptoms.
Membrane-Coupled Aerobic Bioreactors for Use in Wastewater Treatment

A membrane-coupled aerobic bioreactor (MBR) can be described as a system coupling the aerobic bioreactor, or activated sludge tank, of a wastewater treatment system with a microor ultrafiltration membrane. The membrane serves to separate the suspended material in the sludge so that the permeate stream is free of chemicals, microorganisms, and other contaminants. The membrane may be either internally mounted so that the retentate remains in the bioreactor or externally mounted so that the retentate is either recycled to the bioreactor or wasted. The membranes are available in a variety of structures and materials which can be suited to individual application needs. The MBR has several advantages over conventional activated sludge processes, including reduced area, consistently high effluent quality, and operational separation of solids retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT). A mathematical model has been developed for an MBR and tested against experimental data with reasonable agreement. Additionally, studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of changing operational parameters on the MBR as well as the microbial diversity of an MBR as compared to a conventional activated sludge system.
Introduction to the Special Issue on New Media and Social Unrest

Scholarship addressing the impact of digital technologies on social movements, political unrest, states, and civil society has reached a turning point. Compared with the early days—just a decade ago—when scholars started cautiously exploring the potential impact of these emergent technologies, the past 2 years have seen a flood of cases against which these initial ideas and explorations can be examined empirically and conceptually. From the ongoing Arab uprisings in the Middle East and the North Africa region to the Occupy protests in the United States, from the Spanish Indignados movement of 2011 and 2012 to the turmoil around Wikileaks and Anonymous, many corners of the world have been affected by protests and social movements that have integrated the new tools of connectivity, information diffusion, and attention into their tactical repertoire of activism. In this special issue, we bring together a varied and complex set of articles that probe some of the many complex ways that emergent digital technologies have played a role in social unrest and politics around the world. With a decidedly global focus and a conceptually and methodologically rich toolkit, the authors seek to provide us with crucial perspectives on how digital technologies are altering politics, policy, and civ-ics. These articles bring us both new analyses of recent events as well as fresh means of conceptually examining recent theories and speculations on the potential range of impacts of information technologies. These articles proceed beyond the simplistic questions that dominate mainstream debate about online politics to reveal complex, multilayered, and contingent effects. As they make clear, it no longer makes sense to ask if digital technologies will exercise influence; rather, we can and should be looking at how and, also crucially, through which mechanisms. It also makes little sense to ask if “the revolution will be tweeted”—the answer is yes, since Twitter and similar technologies are now integral components of the
Antigen-specific helper T cells required for dominant production of an idiotype (THId) are not under immune response (Ir) gene control

Responder and nonresponder mice primed with poly-(L-glutamic acid,L- lysine,L-phenylalanine) (GLPhe), the response to which is under the control of immune response (Ir) genes, were used as a source of both types of helper T cells required for a T15 idiotype dominated T- dependent anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) response. It was found that the activity of one of the helper T cells needed for an anti-PC response was under major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked Ir gene control, and only GLPhe-primed responder mice could be used as a source of these cells. These T cells (ThMHC) whose presence is required for in vivo T-B collaboration are found in normal and anti-mu-treated mice, and their activity depends on the hapten being physically linked to the carrier molecule. By contrast, the activity of the second helper T cell (ThId) required for a T15-dominated anti-PC response was present in both GLPhe-primed responder and nonresponder mice. The ThId cell set that is missing or deficient in anti-mu treated mice can be restored by the addition of T cells from normal, carrier-primed donors and restimulating with the priming carrier. When T cells from GLPhe-primed donors are used as a source of ThId cells, both responder and nonresponder donors provide helper cells capable of inducing syngeneic B cells to produce a T15 dominated anti-Pc response. These results are interpreted to suggest that idiotype recognizing helper T cells (ThId) recognize antigen independent of known Ir gene products.
Relationship Between Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Older Adults

Background—Although cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (coxibs) were developed to cause less gastrointestinal hemorrhage than nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), there has been concern about their cardiovascular safety. We studied the relative risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among users of celecoxib, rofecoxib, and NSAIDs in Medicare beneficiaries with a comprehensive drug benefit. Methods and Results—We conducted a matched case-control study of 54 475 patients 65 years of age or older who received their medications through 2 state-sponsored pharmaceutical benefits programs in the United States. All healthcare use encounters were examined to identify hospitalizations for AMI. Each of the 10 895 cases of AMI was matched to 4 controls on the basis of age, gender, and the month of index date. We constructed matched logistic regression models including indicators for patient demographics, healthcare use, medication use, and cardiovascular risk factors to assess the relative risk of AMI in patients who used rofecoxib compared with persons taking no NSAID, taking celecoxib, or taking NSAIDs. Current use of rofecoxib was associated with an elevated relative risk of AMI compared with celecoxib (odds ratio [OR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.46; P = 0.011) and with no NSAID (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.31; P = 0.054). The adjusted relative risk of AMI was also elevated in dose-specific comparisons: rofecoxib ≤25 mg versus celecoxib ≤200 mg (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.44; P = 0.036) and rofecoxib >25 mg versus celecoxib >200 mg (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.71; P = 0.026). The adjusted relative risks of AMI associated with rofecoxib use of 1 to 30 days (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.75; P = 0.005) and 31 to 90 days (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.72; P = 0.003) were higher than >90 days (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.25; P = 0.8) compared with celecoxib use of similar duration. Celecoxib was not associated with an increased relative risk of AMI in these comparisons. Conclusions—In this study, current rofecoxib use was associated with an elevated relative risk of AMI compared with celecoxib use and no NSAID use. Dosages of rofecoxib >25 mg were associated with a higher risk than dosages ≤25 mg. The risk was elevated in the first 90 days of use but not thereafter.