Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Psychogeriatric Referral and Attendance at Three Different Settings in Hong Kong

In order to analyze whether the referral system and nature of care exert any effect on the characteristics of patients, subjects aged 60 or above attending three medical centers on the Hong Kong Island between August and December 1990 were studied with respect to their age, sex, and psychiatric diagnosis. Psychiatric diagnoses were made in 98% of subjects at the psychogeriatric assessment service (PAC) (predominantly chronic organic brain syndrome), in 79.6% at the university psychiatric unit (mainly acute psychiatric problems, substance abuse, and deliberate self-harm), and in 20% at the general outpatient clinic (largely sleep and anxiety-related disorders). There was overrepresentation of the very old (above 80) and underutilization of counseling service at PAC. In Hong Kong, the psychogeriatric needs of the very old and of those with minor emotional disturbances associated with aging, retirement, and bereavement deserve reassessment.
Signal processing methods for non-contact cardiac detection using Doppler radar

We investigate two signal processing methods, time and frequency-based approaches, for non-contact cardiac detection. A 5.8-GHz Doppler radar sensor was used for non-contact measurement of respiration and heart rate from stationary and semi-stationary subjects at a distance of 0.5 to 1.5 meters. We report on the accuracy of the heart rate measurements obtained using the two signal processing approaches, as compared to a reference heart rate obtained using a pulse oximeter. Simultaneous Photoplethysmograph (PPG) and non-contact sensor recordings were recorded over fifteen minute periods for five healthy subjects (4M/1F, ages 29.2±4.32 yrs) One algorithm is based on extraction of heart rate using spectral analysis and a second algorithm is based on automated detection of individual peaks associated with each cardiac cycle. Peaks were also extracted manually for comparison with the automated method. The peak-detection method was less accurate than the spectral method but suggests the possibility of acquiring beat by beat data. It was found that the signal SNR affects the ability to detect heart rates. An increase in SNR could lead to more accurate rates being obtained. The results described provide an estimate of the accuracy expected when measuring heart rate using a Doppler radar sensor. Non-contact measurement of heart rate will be useful in chronic disease monitoring for conditions such as heart failure and cardiovascular disease.
Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitude towards Care of Clients with Substance Abuse in Borno State, Nigeria

The study assessed nurses’ knowledge and their attitude towards care of clients with substance abuse. The study made use of a cross-sectional descriptive survey. The study was conducted in 13 governmentowned health facilities. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the health facilities and 204 nurses (79 from tertiary, 81 from secondary and 44 from primary health centres). A self structured questionnaire was used for data collection. This questionnaire assessed nurses’ knowledge of substance abuse, and their attitude towards care of clients with substance abuse. The Spearman-Brown reliability coefficient for the instrument was found to be 0.80. Nurses’ knowledge was graded across four grades of very good (70-100%), good (60-69%), fair (50-59%), and poor (0-49%). For attitude assessment, a 5point Likert scale was used and scored as very much (5), much (4), very little (3), little (2), none (1). The maximum score obtainable for attitude was 40. Therefore, attitude was grouped as very satisfactory (30-40), satisfactory (19-29), and not satisfactory (1-18). The age range of nurses was between 20 and 55 years (mean age 38±9.36). The overall knowledge scores showed that 42.6% had good knowledge, 19.6% of nurses had very good knowledge, while 14.2% had poor knowledge (mean score 60.5± 17.8). The study revealed that the mean attitude for nurses was 24.3±6.3; however, 74.5% showed satisfactory attitude, 15.7% showed very satisfactory attitude, while 9.8% showed not satisfactory attitude. The study concluded that majority of the nurses had good knowledge of substance abuse and showed satisfactory attitude while caring for clients with substance abuse.
Optimizing oxygenation and intubation conditions during awake fibre-optic intubation using a high-flow nasal oxygen-delivery system.

BACKGROUND Awake fibre-optic intubation is a widely practised technique for anticipated difficult airway management. Despite the administration of supplemental oxygen during the procedure, patients are still at risk of hypoxia because of the effects of sedation, local anaesthesia, procedural complications, and the presence of co-morbidities. Traditionally used oxygen-delivery devices are low flow, and most do not have a sufficient reservoir or allow adequate fresh gas flow to meet the patient's peak inspiratory flow rate, nor provide an adequate fractional inspired oxygen concentration to prevent desaturation should complications arise. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted using a high-flow humidified transnasal oxygen-delivery system during awake fibre-optic intubation in 50 patients with anticipated difficult airways. RESULTS There were no episodes of desaturation or hypercapnia using the high-flow system, and in all patients the oxygen saturation improved above baseline values, despite one instance of apnoea resulting from over-sedation. All patients reported a comfortable experience using the device. CONCLUSIONS The high-flow nasal oxygen-delivery system improves oxygenation saturation, decreases the risk of desaturation during the procedure, and potentially, optimizes conditions for awake fibre-optic intubation. The soft nasal cannulae uniquely allow continuous oxygenation and simultaneous passage of the fibrescope and tracheal tube. The safety of the procedure may be increased, because any obstruction, hypoventilation, or periods of apnoea that may arise may be tolerated for longer, allowing more time to achieve ventilation in an optimally oxygenated patient.
SIL, HIL, and vehicle fuel economy analysis of a pre-transmission parallel PHEV

EcoCAR 2 is a collegiate level Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition which challenges students to re-engineer a General Motors (GM) donated 2013 Malibu Eco as a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle over the course of three years. The competition is organized by Argonne National Laboratory with the U.S. Department of Energy and GM as the headline sponsors. As part of this competition, Mississippi State University (MSU) has designed a pre-transmission parallel PHEV which utilizes a 145 kW permanent magnet brushless DC motor, a 18.9 kWh Li-ion battery, and a GM 1.4 L turbocharged engine which has been tuned for E85 fuel. A supervisory control system has been utilized to interface the hybrid components to the production vehicle, and implements a control strategy enabling charge depleting (CD) and charge sustaining (CS) modes of operation. In order to develop this control strategy and evaluate the vehicle, a simulation model has been constructed in Matlab Simulink for software-in-the-loop (SIL) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. This vehicle model has been constructed using a combination of dSPACE Automotive Simulation Models and MSU developed component models. Each of these component models has been parameterized from manufacturer provided data in order to ensure the accuracy of the vehicle evaluations. An analysis of the vehicle's fuel economy has been performed using SIL and HIL simulation over four drive cycles for CD and CS modes of operation. A combined fuel economy has been calculated according to SAE Standard J1711 for both E85 and gasoline fuels.
A comparison of preemptive and non-preemptive load distributing

The authors consider whether the addition of a migration facility to a distributed scheduler already capable of placement can significantly improve performance. They examine performance over a broad range of workload characteristics and file system structures. They find that while placement alone is capable of large improvement in performance, the addition of migration can achieve considerable additional improvement. <<ETX>>
High efficiency power amplifier with novel PBG ground plane for harmonic tuning

A high efficiency S-band power amplifier utilizing a novel photonic band-gap (PBG) ground plane is presented. This novel design not only allows intrinsic second and third harmonic tuning without using any filters, but also offers the potential of greatly reducing the amplifier size. An increase of 10% in power added efficiency (PAE) and 1.3 dB in output power has been achieved when compared to a reference amplifier.
H∞ control of discrete time delayed systems in presence of actuator saturation

This paper investigates stability analysis of discrete time system subjected to actuator saturation, time varying state delay and external disturbances. An observer based dynamic output feedback approach is used to design H∞ controller for stabilizing this system. The observer and controller gain are calculated from stability conditions that are derived using delay dependent Lyapunov functional based on reciprocal convex approach. A numerical example is also provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed theory.
Score Statistic to Test for Genetic Correlation for Proband‐Family Design

In genetic epidemiological studies informative families are often oversampled to increase the power of a study. For a proband‐family design, where relatives of probands are sampled, we derive the score statistic to test for clustering of binary and quantitative traits within families due to genetic factors. The derived score statistic is robust to ascertainment scheme. We considered correlation due to unspecified genetic effects and/or due to sharing alleles identical by descent (IBD) at observed marker locations in a candidate region. A simulation study was carried out to study the distribution of the statistic under the null hypothesis in small data‐sets. To illustrate the score statistic, data from 33 families with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) were analyzed. In addition to the binary outcome DM2 we also analyzed the quantitative outcome, body mass index (BMI). For both traits familial aggregation was highly significant. For DM2, also including IBD sharing at marker D3S3681 as a cause of correlation gave an even more significant result, which suggests the presence of a trait gene linked to this marker. We conclude that for the proband‐family design the score statistic is a powerful and robust tool for detecting clustering of outcomes.
[Relationship between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism and type 2 diabetic nephropathy in Chinese Han patients in Guangdong Province].

OBJECTIVE To understand the association between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene 4G/5G polymorphism and type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Chinese Han patients in Guangdong Province. METHODS PAI-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism was analyzed in 26 normal individuals, 77 patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and 70 type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy (DNN) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS The 4G/4G genotype frequencies of PAI-1 gene were higher in DN than in DNN patients (0.390 vs 0.171, chi(2)=13.008, P<0.01), with the odds ratio (OR) of 1.447 (95% confidence interval: 0.533-3.934, P<0.05) in comparison with 5G/5G genotypes between the 2 patient groups. The 4G allele frequencies of PAI-1 gene were similar in DN and DNN groups (0.57 vs 0.51, chi(2)=1.22, P>0.05). CONCLUSION The PAI-1 4G/4G genotype is associated with increased risk for type 2 DN the Chinese Han population in Guangdong Province, and type 2 diabetic patients with 4G/4G PAI-1 genotype are more likely to develop DN than those with 5G/5G PAI-1 genotype.
Subangstrom Resolution X-Ray Structure Details Aquaporin-Water Interactions

Choosing Water Aquaporins are proteins that facilitate transport of water across biological membranes. They must be selective for water, without binding it so tightly as to impede transport, and they must prevent proton transfer by rapid exchange between hydrogen-bonded water molecules. Kosinska Eriksson et al. (p. 1346; see the Perspective by Abramson and Vartanian) describe the subangstrom resolution structure of yeast aquaporin, which allows assignment of side-chain conformations and shows that the H-bond geometry of water molecules prevents proton conductance without compromising water transport. A really, really close-up view of an aquaporin hints at how water passes through but protons do not. [Also see Perspective by Abramson and Vartanian] Aquaporins are membrane channels that facilitate the flow of water across biological membranes. Two conserved regions are central for selective function: the dual asparagine-proline-alanine (NPA) aquaporin signature motif and the aromatic and arginine selectivity filter (SF). Here, we present the crystal structure of a yeast aquaporin at 0.88 angstrom resolution. We visualize the H-bond donor interactions of the NPA motif’s asparagine residues to passing water molecules; observe a polarized water-water H-bond configuration within the channel; assign the tautomeric states of the SF histidine and arginine residues; and observe four SF water positions too closely spaced to be simultaneously occupied. Strongly correlated movements break the connectivity of SF waters to other water molecules within the channel and prevent proton transport via a Grotthuss mechanism.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) Modulates Antiviral Activity of Zinc-finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP)*

Background: Zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) is a type I interferon-inducible host antiviral factor against certain viruses, including HIV-1 and Ebola virus. Results: Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylates ZAP, and inhibition of GSK3β reduces ZAP activity. Conclusion: GSK3β phosphorylation of ZAP modulates its antiviral activity. Significance: These findings help to better understand how the immune response is regulated. Zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) is a host factor that specifically inhibits the replication of certain viruses, including HIV-1, Ebola virus, and Sindbis virus. ZAP binds directly to specific viral mRNAs and recruits cellular mRNA degradation machinery to degrade the target RNA. ZAP has also been suggested to repress translation of the target mRNA. In this study, we report that ZAP is phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). GSK3β sequentially phosphorylated Ser-270, Ser-266, Ser-262, and Ser-257 of rat ZAP. Inhibition of GSK3β by inhibitor SB216763 or down-regulation of GSK3β by RNAi reduced the antiviral activity of ZAP. These results indicate that phosphorylation of ZAP by GSK3β modulates ZAP activity.
The Inheritance of a Retinal Abnormality in White Mice.

* This paper is a preliminary report of an investigation dealing with the inheritance of g retinal abnormality in white mice, The problem was undertaken at the suggestion of Dr. S. R. Detwiler who. has offered helpful suggestions and criticisms as the work has progressed. The histological work has been done in the Zoological Laboratory, Harvard University, and facilities for the breeding work have been provided by the Bussey In- stitution. For material and suggestions, I am also indebted to Dr. H. J. Bagg, Dr. W. E. Castle, Miss E. Vicari, Miss E. Lord and Mr. H. W. Feldman.
EFFECTS OF PHYSOSTIGMINE ON MICROCIRCULATORY ALTERATIONS DURING EXPERIMENTAL ENDOTOXEMIA

Microcirculatory dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the clinical development and manifestation of severe sepsis and as a marker for mortality. During this process, endothelial damage is characterized by structural and functional alterations that contribute to a great extent to tissue edema. Recent findings revealed the vagus nerve as an important transmitter of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. By inhibition of the cholinesterase, physostigmine increases acetylcholine and induces the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of physostigmine on microcirculatory alterations during experimental endotoxemia. In male Wistar rats, venular wall shear rate, macromolecular efflux, and leukocyte-endothelial interaction were determined in mesenteric postcapillary venules using intravital microscopy at time 0, 60, and 120 min after beginning the experiment. The trials were divided into 2 parts. In part 1, we investigated the effects of physostigmine in a pretreatment setting where the animals in the treatment group obtained physostigmine (70 &mgr;g/kg) 15 min before starting endotoxemia (LPS, 2 mg/kg per hour). Part 2 of the experiment was a posttreatment setting, in which the effects of the application of physostigmine (70 &mgr;g/kg) 30 min after inducing endotoxemia were explored. In our study, we showed that macromolecular efflux and leukocyte-endothelial interaction were significantly reduced during endotoxinemia in the pretreatment and posttreatment settings with physostigmine. On the other hand, venular wall shear rate showed no differences. In summary, by inducing the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, physostigmine reduced the capillary leakage and the leukocyte-endothelial interaction. The treatment with physostigmine in endotoxemia may be of interest for clinical use, and further studies should be performed.
Antisense Transcription in the Human Cytomegalovirus Transcriptome

ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections are prevalent in human populations and can cause serious diseases, especially in those with compromised or immature immune systems. The HCMV genome of 230 kb is among the largest of the herpesvirus genomes. Although the entire sequence of the laboratory-adapted AD169 strain of HCMV has been available for 18 years, the precise number of viral genes is still in question. We undertook an analysis of the HCMV transcriptome as an approach to enumerate and analyze the gene products of HCMV. Transcripts of HCMV-infected fibroblasts were isolated at different times after infection and used to generate cDNA libraries representing different temporal classes of viral genes. cDNA clones harboring viral sequences were selected and subjected to sequence analysis. Of the 604 clones analyzed, 45% were derived from genomic regions predicted to be noncoding. Additionally, at least 55% of the cDNA clones in this study were completely or partially antisense to known or predicted HCMV genes. The remarkable accumulation of antisense transcripts during infection suggests that currently available genomic maps based on open-reading-frame and other in silico analyses may drastically underestimate the true complexity of viral gene products. These findings also raise the possibility that aspects of both the HCMV life cycle and genome organization are influenced by antisense transcription. Correspondingly, virus-derived noncoding and antisense transcripts may shed light on HCMV pathogenesis and may represent a new class of targets for antiviral therapies.
Plasmodium pyruvate dehydrogenase activity is only essential for the parasite's progression from liver infection to blood infection

Plasmodium parasites possess a single pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) enzyme complex that is localized to the plastid‐like organelle known as the apicoplast. Unlike most eukaryotes, Plasmodium parasites lack a mitochondrial PDH. The PDH complex catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl‐CoA, an important precursor for the tricarboxylic acid cycle and type II fatty acid synthesis (FAS II). In this study, using a rodent malaria model, we show that the PDH E1α and E3 subunits colocalize with the FAS II enzyme FabI in the apicoplast of liver stages but are not significantly expressed in blood stages. Deletion of the E1α or E3 subunit genes of Plasmodium yoelii PDH caused no defect in blood stage development, mosquito stage development or early liver stage development. However, the gene deletions completely blocked the ability of the e1α‐ and e3‐ parasites to form exo‐erythrocytic merozoites during late liver stage development, thus preventing the initiation of a blood stage infection. This phenotype is similar to that observed for deletions of genes involved in FAS II elongation. The data strongly support the hypothesis that the sole role of PDH is to provide acetyl‐CoA for FAS II.
Evaluation of a Drama-in-Education Programme to Increase AIDS Awareness in South African High Schools: A Randomized Community Intervention Trial

A community intervention trial was undertaken in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa to evaluate the effectiveness of a high school drama-in-education programme. Seven pairs of secondary schools were randomized to receive either written information about HIV/AIDS or the drama programme. Questionnaire surveys of knowledge, attitude and behaviour were compared before and 6 months after the interventions. One thousand and eighty students participated in the first survey and 699 in the second. Improvements in knowledge (P=0.0002) and attitudes (P<0.00001) about HIV/AIDS were demonstrated in pupils at schools receiving the drama programme when compared to pupils receiving written information alone. These changes were independent of age, gender, school or previous sexual experience. In schools receiving the drama programme, sexually active pupils reported an increase in condom use (P<0.01). It is important to provide resources to sustain such programmes and to obtain stronger evidence of effect on behaviour by measuring changes in HIV incidence.
Laboratory evaluation of insecticides against Australian beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera).

Laboratory experiments were carried out to evaluate safety of newer insecticide molecules to Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muslant in UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka. Insecticides tested on the grubs of C. montrouzieri, were buprofezein (IGR), azadirachtin (Neem based product) and dichlorvos (OP). All the above three chemicals were found to be safe causing mortality of 33.33, 34.44 and 48.89 %, respectively. However, the highest mortality of grubs was recorded in imidacloprid, (neonicotonoid), carbaryl (carbamate) and acetamiprid (neonicotonoid) recording 96.67, 92.22, 91.11% mortality of grubs, respectively. Similarly, for adults the highest mean mortality was recorded in Carbaryl (97.38%) followed by acetamiprid (93.33%) and imidacloprid (92.22%). Buprofezin 25EC@ 0.01% and azadirachtin 0.03EC were safe.