Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol analog 4-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)vinyl]pyridine reduces differentiation of the 3T3-L1 adipocyte

Context: Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) is a phytoalexin synthesized by plants, most notably grapes, against microbial invasion or ultraviolet stimulation, and is known to exert antioxidant, anticancer, and antiobesity effects. Objective: This study was conducted to find resveratrol derivatives with higher anti-obesity activity compared to resveratrol and to verify their mechanism of action. Materials and methods: The inhibitory effect of resveratrol and its derivatives on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells was studied using Oil Red O staining, and the effects on the intracellular expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were measured via Western blot analysis. Results: A derivative of resveratrol, 4-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)vinyl]pyridine (DPVP), exerted inhibitory effects against 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation (IC50 = 13.5 µM) and FAS expression. Notably, it displayed higher activity at concentrations lower than 25 µM compared to resveratrol. Discussion and conclusion: DPVP is considered to have greater potential as an anti-obesity substance, as it exhibits excellent activity at low concentrations compared to resveratrol.
Dynamic Join Product Skew Handling for Hash-Joins in Shared-Nothing Database Systems

When data are uniformly distributed, parallel hash-based join algorithm scales up well. However, the presence of data skew can cause load imbalance among the processors, significantly deteriorating its performance. In this paper we propose a dynamic skew handling algorithm which deals with this load imbalance, by detecting and handling join product skews at run-time. The idea is to monitor the join processing at the join phase and compare the average processing rate of each partition with the rate statically predicted at the scheduling phase. If their difference is detected to be large enough to produce a significant performance degradation, the processor is considered to be overloaded and a workload compensation strategy is dynamically invoked. In this case, based on the measured average processing rate, the amount of overload caused by the unpredicted join product skew is calculated and, the amount of load to be migrated to the non-overloaded processors is determined. We propose two methods the result redistribution and the processing task migration to handle the load migration from the overloaded processor to the non-overloaded processors. Simulation results show that our dynamic skew handling approach can detect and handle load imbalances efficiently, so that the rebalance of load among the processors results in an almost constant join execution time under different join product skews.
Submarine canyons as the preferred habitat for wood-boring species of 1 Xylophaga ( Mollusca , Bivalvia ) 2 3 4 5 6

Submarine canyons as the preferred habitat for wood-boring species of 1 Xylophaga (Mollusca, Bivalvia) 2 3 4 5 6 C. Romano J R. Voight, Joan B. Company, M. Plyuscheva, Daniel Martin 7 8 9 1 Centre d'Estudis Avancats de Blanes (CEAB CSIC) Carrer d'acces a la Cala Sant 10 Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain. 11 2 Department of Zoology, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 12 60605, USA 13 Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM – CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 14 E-08003 Barcelona, Spain 15 16 17 18 Corresponding author. E-mail address: cromano@ceab.csic. es 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Submitted for consideration to: 27
Estimation over Communication Networks: Performance Bounds and Achievability Results

This paper considers the problem of estimation over communication networks. Suppose a sensor is taking measurements of a dynamic process. However the process needs to be estimated at a remote location connected to the sensor through a network of communication links that drop packets stochastically. We provide a framework for computing the optimal performance in the sense of expected error covariance. Using this framework we characterize the dependency of the performance on the topology of the network and the packet dropping process. For independent and memoryless packet dropping processes we find the steady-state error for some classes of networks and obtain lower and upper bounds for the performance of a general network. Finally we find a necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of the estimate error covariance for general networks with spatially correlated and Markov type dropping process. This interesting condition has a max-cut interpretation.
Comparative Historical Analysis, Frank Wright, and Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland: A Comparative Analysis (F. Wright, 1987, Dublin: Gill and Macmillan) remains the most significant work of comparative historical analysis written on Ireland, yet its reputed difficulty has blunted its impact. This article reconstructs Frank Wright's research design and comparative method and situates the book in the research tradition of configurative macroanalysis pioneered by Barrington Moore. Wright's detailed, processual, analytic narratives comparing the breakdown of communal deterrence systems in Northern Ireland, the US South and Algeria have been relatively neglected in later literature. Those grounded comparisons focused on getting the concrete details of cases right while striving to build middle-range generalizations about ethnic stratification and political authority. His comparisons were morally serious searches for paths out of conflict, which analyzed the unfolding of temporal processes in ways that anticipated recent interest in path dependence; but Wright downplayed poli.
The Relationship Between Homelessness and Mental Health Among Alumni of Foster Care: Results From the Casey Young Adult Survey

This study examined the relationship between history of homelessness and current mental health symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 542 alumni of foster care (ages 19, 22, and 25 years). Approximately one in five (19.8%) alumni of foster care experienced homelessness since leaving care, and alumni experienced symptoms of psychological disorders associated with PTSD at rates significantly higher than the general population. Alumni who had experienced homelessness had significantly higher rates of PTSD-related symptoms compared with those who had not experienced homelessness. Rates of mental health symptoms and homelessness among alumni who received foster care are disproportionately and disturbingly high. Better preparation for independent living could assist young adults as they emancipate from care. In addition, access to mental health services should be expanded to include young adults who have left care.
Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Cardiovascular Links

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, progressive lung disease resulting from exposure to cigarette smoke, noxious gases, particulate matter, and air pollutants. COPD is exacerbated by acute inflammatory insults such as lung infections (viral and bacterial) and air pollutants which further accelerate the steady decline in lung function. The chronic inflammatory process in the lung contributes to the extrapulmonary manifestations of COPD which are predominantly cardiovascular in nature. Here we review the significant burden of cardiovascular disease in COPD and discuss the clinical and pathological links between acute exacerbations of COPD and cardiovascular disease.
Counseling Families With Emerging Adult Transracial and International Adoptees

Family counseling interventions treating families with transracial internationally emerging adults can offer opportunities to repair unmet adoption-related developmental tasks residual from earlier stages of development. Developmental issues unique to adoptees during this frequently overlooked stage are explored. Assessments and family counseling treatment interventions are suggested. Case conceptualizations are provided to highlight the additional challenges of racial identity development, independence, intimate relationships, and search and reunion, as they relate to the adoptive family life span issues.
Radiation dose efficiency comparison between differential phase contrast CT and conventional absorption CT.

PURPOSE The superior radiation dose efficiency of a newly implemented differential phase contrast CT imaging method compared to the conventional absorption CT method is demonstrated. METHODS A differential phase contrast CT imaging method has recently been implemented using conventional x-ray sources with a grating interferometer consisting of three gratings. This approach offers the possibility of simultaneous reconstruction of both attenuation contrast and phase contrast images from a single acquisition. This enables a direct comparison of radiation dose efficiency of both types of reconstructed images under identical conditions. Radiation dose efficiency was studied by measuring the change in contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) with different exposure levels. A physical phantom of 28.5 mm diameter was constructed and used for measurement of CNR in both the absorption and phase contrast CT images, which were reconstructed from the same data set. RESULTS For three of the four materials studied, at any given exposure level, the CNR of the differential phase contrast CT images was superior to that of the corresponding absorption contrast CT images. The most dramatic improvement was noted in the contrast between PMMA and water, where the CNR was improved by a factor of approximately 5.5 in the differential phase contrast CT images. Additionally, the CNR of phase contrast CT is empirically shown to have the same square root dependence on exposure, as is the case for absorption contrast CT. CONCLUSIONS The differential phase contrast CT method provided higher CNR than conventional absorption CT at equivalent dose levels for most of the materials studied, and so may enable achievement of the same object visibility as conventional absorption CT methods at a lower exposure level.
A New Switched Reluctance Motor Design to Reduce Torque Ripple using Finite Element Fuzzy Optimization

This paper presents a new design to reduce torque ripple in Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs). Although SRM possesses many advantages in terms of motor structure, it suffers from large torque ripple that causes problems such as vibration and acoustic noise. The paper describes new rotor and stator pole shapes with a non-uniform air gap profile to reduce torque ripple while retaining its average value. An optimization using fuzzy strategy is successfully performed after sensitivity analysis. The two dimensional (2-D) finite element method (FEM) results, have demonstrated validity of the proposed new design.
Wave reflections and cardiac hypertrophy in chronic uremia. Influence of body size.

Arterial wave reflections (AWRs), an important determinant of cardiac afterload, are increased in hemodialysis patients. However, an association between AWRs and left ventricular hypertrophy has not been established in these subjects. We therefore sought an association between these two parameters in a cross-sectional study of two outpatient hemodialysis populations. AWRs were quantified (augmentation index, percent) as the ratio of the height of the late systolic peak to the total height of the carotid pulse wave recorded with a micromanometer-tipped probe. AWRs were determined in 44 hemodialysis patients, 22 with pronounced AWRs (group A: augmentation index > 12%), and 22 with small or moderate AWRs (group B: augmentation index < 12%). The groups were matched for age, sex, blood pressure, and hemodialysis duration. Left ventricular size was determined by echocardiography. Despite lower body size (P < .005) and similar blood pressure, cardiac output, peripheral resistance, and aortic pulse wave velocity, group A patients had greater left ventricular mass (P < .01). For the population as a whole, left ventricular mass and AWRs were positively correlated (P < .0001) independent of age, blood pressure, hemodialysis duration, or body size. Lesser body height was the principal factor associated with increased AWRs in group A (P < .001). We conclude that in hemodialysis patients AWRs are associated with the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and that small body height is a risk factor for long-term cardiovascular complications.
A unifying theorem for spectral embedding and clustering

Spectral methods use selected eigenvectors of a data affinity matrix to obtain a data representation that can be trivially clustered or embedded in a low-dimensional space. We present a theorem that explains, for broad classes of affinity matrices and eigenbases, why this works: For successively smaller eigenbases (i.e., using fewer and fewer of the affinity matrix’s dominant eigenvalues and eigenvectors), the angles between similar vectors in the new representation shrink while the angles between dissimilar vectors grow. Specifically, the sum of the squared cosines of the angles is strictly increasing as the dimensionality of the representation decreases. Thus spectral methods work because the truncated eigenbasis amplifies structure in the data so that any heuristic postprocessing is more likely to succeed. We use this result to construct a nonlinear dimensionality reduction (NLDR) algorithm for data sampled from manifolds whose intrinsic coordinate system has linear and cyclic axes, and a novel clustering-by-projections algorithm that requires no postprocessing and gives superior performance on challenge problems from the recent literature.
Tool support for automatic model transformation specification using concrete visualisations

Complex model transformation is crucial in several domains, including Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), information visualisation and data mapping. Most current approaches use meta-model-driven transformation specification via coding in textual scripting languages. This paper demonstrates a novel approach and tool support that instead provides for specification of correspondences between models using concrete visualisations of source and target models, and generates transformation scripts from these by-example model correspondence specifications.
Dietary influences on chronic obstructive lung disease and asthma: a review of the epidemiological evidence

The epidemiological evidence for a relationship between diet and indicators of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is evaluated. The review focuses on the intake of Na, n−3 fatty acids, and antioxidant vitamins as well as fruit and vegetables. Experimental studies suggest that a high-Na diet has a small adverse effect on airway reactivity in asthma patients. However, observational studies provide no clear evidence that high Na intake has adverse effects on airway reactivity or asthma symptoms in open populations. n−3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are present in fish oils, are metabolized into less broncho-constricting and inflammatory mediators than n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Studies in the general adult population suggest that a high fish intake has a beneficial effect on lung function, but the relationship with respiratory symptoms and clinically-manifest asthma or COPD is less evident. Also, experimental studies in asthma patients have not demonstrated an improvement in asthma severity after supplementation with fish oil. Several studies showed a beneficial association between fruit and vegetable intake and lung function, but the relationship with respiratory symptoms and the clinically-manifest disease was less convincing. A similar pattern was found for vitamin C in relation to indicators of asthma and COPD, but there are still conflicting results with respect to vitamin E and β-carotene. In conclusion, the epidemiological evidence for a beneficial effect on indicators of asthma and COPD of eating fish, fruit and vegetables is increasing. However, the effectiveness of dietary supplementation in open-population samples is often not demonstrated. Several unresolved questions are raised, which should be addressed in future studies on the relationship between diet and respiratory disease.
Structural basis of diverse membrane target recognitions by ankyrins

Ankyrin adaptors together with their spectrin partners coordinate diverse ion channels and cell adhesion molecules within plasma membrane domains and thereby promote physiological activities including fast signaling in the heart and nervous system. Ankyrins specifically bind to numerous membrane targets through their 24 ankyrin repeats (ANK repeats), although the mechanism for the facile and independent evolution of these interactions has not been resolved. Here we report the structures of ANK repeats in complex with an inhibitory segment from the C-terminal regulatory domain and with a sodium channel Nav1.2 peptide, respectively, showing that the extended, extremely conserved inner groove spanning the entire ANK repeat solenoid contains multiple target binding sites capable of accommodating target proteins with very diverse sequences via combinatorial usage of these sites. These structures establish a framework for understanding the evolution of ankyrins' membrane targets, with implications for other proteins containing extended ANK repeat domains. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.04353. 001
Commentary: Debating the Situation

children can learn to transfer: Learning to learn and learning from example. Cognitive Psychology, 20, 493-523. Brown, J. S. , Collins, A. , & Duguid, P. (1989). Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational Researcher, 18(1), 32-42. Bruner, J. (1960). The process of education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard. Bruner, J. (1983). In search of mind: Essays in autobiography. New York: Harper & Row. Case, R. , & Griffin, S. (in press). Child cognitive development: The role of central conceptual structures in the development of scientific and social thought. Jn C.A. Hauert (Ed.), Advances in psychology—Developmental psychology: Cognitive, percepto-motor, and neurological perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Case, R. , & Sandieson, R. (1988). A developmental approach to the identification and teaching of central conceptual structures in middle school science and mathematics. In J. Hiebert & M. Behr (Eds.), Number concepts and operations in the middle grade. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Degler, C. N. (1988). Is the new social history threatening Clio? Organization of American Historians Newsletter, 16, 4-5. Dewey, J. (1956). The child and the curriculum/The school and society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Dewey, J. (1957). The influence of Darwinism on philosophy. In M. Gardner (Ed.), Great essays in science. New York: Washington Square Press. Dewey, J., & Dewey, E. (1962). Schools of tomorrow. New York: E.P. Dutton. Hofstadter, R. (1962). Anti-intellectualism in American life. New York: Vintage. Jordon, W. D. (1968). White over black: American attitudes toward the Negro, 1550-1812. Chapel Hill, NC: University of Chapel Hill Press. Langer, S. (1951). Philosophy in a new key. New York: Mentor. Lehman, D. R. , Lempert, R. O. , & Nisbett, R. E. (1988). The effects of graduate training on reasoning: Formal discipline and thinking about everyday-life events. American Psychologist, 43, 431-442. Wüson, S. M. , & Wineburg, S. S. (1988). Peering at history through different lenses: The role of disciplinary perspectives in teaching history. Teachers College Record, 89, 525-539. Wineburg, S. S. , & Wilson, S. M. (in press). Subject matter knowledge in the teaching of history. In J. E. Brophy (Ed.), Advances in research on teaching. Greenwich, CT: JAI.
Role of Gut-Related Peptides and Other Hormones in the Amelioration of Type 2 Diabetes after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective and durable therapy for obesity. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, the most commonly performed procedure worldwide, causes substantial weight loss and improvement in several comorbidities associated with obesity, especially type 2 diabetes. Several mechanisms are proposed to explain the improvement in glucose metabolism after RYGB surgery: the caloric restriction and weight loss per se, the improvement in insulin resistance and beta cell function, and finally the alterations in the various gastrointestinal hormones and adipokines that have been shown to play an important role in glucose homeostasis. However, the timing, exact changes of these hormones, and the relative importance of these changes in the metabolic improvement postbariatric surgery remain to be further clarified. This paper reviews the various changes post-RYGB in adipokines and gut peptides in subjects with T2D.
Health Economic Assessment: A Methodological Primer

This review article aims to provide an introduction to the methodology of health economic assessment of a health technology. Attention is paid to defining the fundamental concepts and terms that are relevant to health economic assessments. The article describes the methodology underlying a cost study (identification, measurement and valuation of resource use, calculation of costs), an economic evaluation (type of economic evaluation, the cost-effectiveness plane, trial- and model-based economic evaluation, discounting, sensitivity analysis, incremental analysis), and a budget impact analysis. Key references are provided for those readers who wish a more advanced understanding of health economic assessments.
A Genetic Model of Substrate Reduction Therapy for Mucopolysaccharidosis*

Background: Treatment of neuropathology in mucopolysaccharidoses may be possible by substrate reduction therapy. Results: A genetic model of substrate reduction therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIa ameliorates disease pathology in the brain. Conclusion: Partial inhibition of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis may be useful for treating mucopolysaccharidoses type III. Significance: Proof of principle is presented that inhibition of heparan sulfate synthesis might prove beneficial for treating mucopolysaccharidoses. Inherited defects in the ability to catabolize glycosaminoglycans result in lysosomal storage disorders known as mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), causing severe pathology, particularly in the brain. Enzyme replacement therapy has been used to treat mucopolysaccharidoses; however, neuropathology has remained refractory to this approach. To test directly whether substrate reduction might be feasible for treating MPS disease, we developed a genetic model for substrate reduction therapy by crossing MPS IIIa mice with animals partially deficient in heparan sulfate biosynthesis due to heterozygosity in Ext1 and Ext2, genes that encode the copolymerase required for heparan sulfate chain assembly. Reduction of heparan sulfate by 30–50% using this genetic strategy ameliorated the amount of disease-specific biomarker and pathology in multiple tissues, including the brain. In addition, we were able to demonstrate that substrate reduction therapy can improve the efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy in cell culture and in mice. These results provide proof of principle that targeted inhibition of heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzymes together with enzyme replacement might prove beneficial for treating mucopolysaccharidoses.
Why read online news? the structural relationships among motivations, behaviors, and consumption in South Korea

Using cross-sectional data (N = 811) implemented by the Korea Information Society Development Institute, this study investigated the effects of online users’ motivations (information-seeking, entertainment, and social utility) for reading online news on their online news usage and consumption in South Korea. Consistent with our predictions, the motivations were associated with in-depth reading. Our findings also indicated that in-depth reading mediated the association between the motivations for using and the actual use of online news, whereas interactions and source-checking did not mediate the relationship. The implications of the study and recommendations for future research directions are also discussed.