Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genomic Evidence for an African Expansion of Anatomically Modern Humans by a Southern Route

Abstract There is general agreement among scientists about a recent (less than 200,000 yrs ago) African origin of anatomically modern humans, whereas there is still uncertainty about whether, and to what extent, they admixed with archaic populations, which thus may have contributed to the modern populations' gene pools. Data on cranial morphology have been interpreted as suggesting that, before the main expansion from Africa through the Near East, anatomically modern humans may also have taken a Southern route from the Horn of Africa through the Arabian peninsula to India, Melanesia and Australia, about 100,000 yrs ago. This view was recently supported by archaeological findings demonstrating human presence in Eastern Arabia >90,000 yrs ago. In this study we analyzed genetic variation at 111,197 nuclear SNPs in nine populations (Kurumba, Chenchu, Kamsali, Madiga, Mala, Irula, Dalit, Chinese, Japanese), chosen because their genealogical relationships are expected to differ under the alternative models of expansion (single vs. multiple dispersals). We calculated correlations between genomic distances, and geographic distances estimated under the alternative assumptions of a single dispersal, or multiple dispersals, and found a significantly stronger association for the multiple dispersal model. If confirmed, this result would cast doubts on the possibility that some non-African populations (i.e., those whose ancestors expanded through the Southern route) may have had any contacts with Neandertals.
' s personal copy An enhanced CRFs-based system for information extraction from radiology reports q

We discuss the problem of performing information extraction from free-text radiology reports via supervised learning. In this task, segments of text (not necessarily coinciding with entire sentences, and possibly crossing sentence boundaries) need to be annotated with tags representing concepts of interest in the radiological domain. In this paper we present two novel approaches to IE for radiology reports: (i) a cascaded, two-stage method based on pipelining two taggers generated via the well known linear-chain conditional random fields (LC-CRFs) learner and (ii) a confidence-weighted ensemble method that combines standard LC-CRFs and the proposed two-stage method. We also report on the use of ‘‘positional features’’, a novel type of feature intended to aid in the automatic annotation of texts in which the instances of a given concept may be hypothesized to systematically occur in specific areas of the text. We present experiments on a dataset of mammography reports in which the proposed ensemble is shown to outperform a traditional, single-stage CRFs system in two different, applicatively interesting scenarios. 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A Novel Multi label Text Classification Model using Semi supervised learning

Automatic text categorization (ATC) is a prominent research area within Information retrieval. Through this paper a classification model for ATC in multi-label domain is discussed. We are proposing a new multi label text classification model for assigning more relevant set of categories to every input text document. Our model is greatly influenced by graph based framework and Semi supervised learning. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model using Enron , Slashdot , Bibtex and RCV1 datasets. Our experimental results indicate that the use of Semi Supervised Learning in MLTC greatly improves the decision making capability of classifier.
Apoptotic Signaling Activated by Modulation of the F0F1-ATPase: Implications for Selective Killing of Autoimmune Lymphocytes

7-Chloro-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-3-(napthalen-2-ylmetyl)-4,5,-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one (Bz-423) is a proapoptotic 1,4-benzodiazepine that potently suppresses disease in the murine model of lupus by selectively killing pathogenic lymphocytes. In MRL/MpJ-Faslpr (MRL-lpr) mice, Bz-423 overcomes deficient expression of the Fas death receptor and hyperactivation of antiapoptotic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling to specifically kill pathogenic CD4+ T cells. Bz-423 binds to the oligomycin-sensitivity-conferring protein component of the mitochondrial F0F1-ATPase, which modulates the enzyme leading to formation of superoxide by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Scavenging this reactive oxygen species blocks all subsequent components of the apoptotic cascade. To gain insight into how apoptotic signaling activated by Bz-423-induced superoxide contributes to the selective depletion of MRL-lpr CD4+ T cells, we characterized the death mechanism in a CD4+ T cell leukemia line (Jurkat). Although Bz-423-induced superoxide indirectly inactivates Akt, this response is not required for T cell death. Apoptosis instead results from parallel increases in levels of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins Noxa and Bak leading to specific activation of Bak, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, and a commitment to apoptosis. By directly up-regulating proteins that trigger loss of mitochondrial outer membrane integrity, Bz-423 bypasses defective Fas function and antiapoptotic PI3K-Akt signaling in MRL-lpr CD4+ T cells. Moreover, because disease-associated abnormalities should sensitize autoreactive CD4+ T cells to transcriptional up-regulation of Noxa by redox signals and to Bak-dependent apoptosis, the apoptotic mechanism elucidated in Jurkat cells provides important clues into the cell-type- and disease-selective effects of Bz-423 in MRL-lpr mice.
Opposition in a pre-Republican age? The Spanish match and Jacobean political thought 1618-1624

Seventeenth-century English political thought was once viewed as insular and bound by a common law mentality. Significant work has been done to revise this picture and highlight the role played by continental religious resistance theory and what has been termed 'classical republicanism'. In addition to identifying these wider influences, recent work has focused upon the development of a public sphere that reveals a more socially diverse engagement with politics, authority and opposition than has hitherto been acknowledged. Yet for the period before the Civil War our understanding of the way that several intellectual influences were interacting to inform a politically alert 'public' is unclear, and expressions of political opposition are often tied to a pre-determined category of religious affiliation. As religious tension erupted into conflict on the continent, James I's pursuit ofa Spanish bride for Prince Charles and determination to follow a diplomatic solution to the war put his policy direction at odds with a dominant swathe of public opinion. During the last years of his reign, therefore, James experienced an unprecedented amount of opposition to his government of England. This opposition was articulated through a variety of media, and began to raise questions beyond the conduct of policy in addressing fundamental issues of political authority. By examining the deployment of political ideas during the domestic crisis of the early 1620s, this thesis seeks to uncover the varied ways in which differing discourses upon authority and obedience were being articulated against royal government. In particular, it suggests that confessional politics interacted with a broader culture of opposition developing throughout the Jacobean period to create a potent form of critical public discourse.
A cross-layer route discovery strategy for virtual currency systems in mobile ad hoc networks

New challenges arise for mobile ad hoc networks when their nodes belong to different authorities. Cooperation and fair behavior cannot be taken for granted, but are essential for wide distribution of this network type. One solution to this problem is the integration of rewarding schemes using virtual currency systems. Nodes are compensated for their service to stimulate cooperation, and payment for used services prevents selfishness and free riders. Besides, integrated payment systems can make mobile ad hoc networks attractive for a number of business scenarios. Most of today's payment systems are realized as a service in mobile ad hoc networks and consequently do not profit from deep integration into routing mechanism. As a solution to this drawback, we present in this paper a new cross layer optimized route discovery scheme for reactive routing protocols, particularly designed to fit the needs of payment systems. Using a distributed route pre-selection technique in combination with artificial delaying of route discovery packets, the performance of the protocol was optimized which will be shown using simulations. The proposed route discovery scheme can be used by a number of reactive routing protocols. Exemplarily, we present a realization based on dynamic source routing (DSR). Additionally we discuss other application scenarios that can profit by using the concepts presented in this paper.
HIGH RATE IMPACT TO THE HUMAN CALCANEUS: A MICROMECHANICAL ANALYSIS

An “underbody blast” (UBB) is the detonation of a mine or improvised explosive device (IED) underneath a vehicle. In recent military conflicts, the incidence of UBBs has led to severe injuries, specifically in the lower extremities The foot and ankle complex, particularly the calcaneus bone, may sustain significant damage. Despite the prevalence of calcaneal injuries, this bone’s unique properties and the progression of fracture and failure have not been adequately studied under high strain rate loading. This research discusses early efforts at creating a high-resolution computational model of the human calcaneus, with primary focus on modeling the fracture network through the complex microstructure of the bone and creating micromechanically-based constitutive models that can be used within full human body models. The ultimate goal is to develop a micromechanics-based simulation of calcaneus fracture and fragmentation due to impact loading. With the goal of determining the basic mechanisms of fracture propagation through the internal structure of the calcaneus, a twodimensional model was employed for preliminary simulations with a plane-strain approximation. In this effort, a cadaveric calcaneus was scanned to a resolution of 55 ? m using an industrial micro-computed tomography (microCT) scanner. A mid-sagittal plane slice of the scan was selected and postprocessed to generate a 2D finite element mesh of the calcaneus that included marrow, trabecular bone, and cortical bone elements. The calcaneus was modeled using two-dimensional quadratic plane strain elements. A fixed boundary condition was applied to the portion of the calcaneus that, in situ, would be restrained by the talus. A displacement of 1.25 mm was applied to the heel of the calcaneus over 5 ms. In a typical result, following impact, the strain and stress propagated throughout the cortical shell and then began to radiate into the bone into the bone along the trabeculae. Local stress concentrations can be observed in the trabecular structure in the posterior region of the bone following impact. Upon impact, cortical and trabecular bone show different stresses of 13MPa and 1 MPa, respectively, and exhibit complex high frequency responses. Observed results may offer insight into the wave interactions between the different materials comprising the calcaneus, such as impedance mismatch and refraction. Pore pressure in the marrow may be another important factor to consider in understanding stress propagation in the calcaneus.
Comparative study of two control methods for a boost converter with LC input filter: Indirect sliding-mode and flatness based control

This paper presents a comparative study of two control methods for a system comprising a dc source fed power to load via an LC input filter and a boost converter: indirect sliding mode control and flatness based control. Using indirect sliding-mode, the instabilities can be occurred. An active stabilizer is embedded in the system to extend the stability domain. However, with the proposed flatness based control these instabilities can be avoided. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed control methods.
Minimum-energy route configuration for wireless ad hoc networks

We consider the energy-efficient transmission of traffics with hard delay constraint over wireless ad hoc networks. We adopt a cross-layer design approach and develop a route configuration method such that the average energy cost for packet delivery is minimized while maintaining the required delivery ratio. In particular, we allow the intermediate nodes to drop a packet when the node has performed certain number of unsuccessful retransmissions. Based on the physical channel state information, we formulate and solve an optimization problem to jointly configure the transmitting power for each transmitting node and the retransmission limit over each hop. The resulting route configuration solution achieves minimum energy consumption for message delivery while guaranteeing an acceptable quality of service (QoS) level. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our route configuration algorithm regarding both energy saving and statistical QoS guarantee
Predictors of Medication Adherence and Blood Pressure Control among Saudi Hypertensive Patients Attending Primary Care Clinics: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose To assess the level of medication adherence and to investigate predictors of medication adherence and blood pressure control among hypertensive patients attending primary healthcare clinics in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Patients and methods Hypertensive patients meeting the eligibility criteria were recruited from eight primary care clinics between January and May 2016 for this study. The patients completed Arabic version of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), an eight-item validated, self-reported measure to assess medication adherence. A structured data collection form was used to record patients’ sociodemographic, medical and medication data. Results Two hundred and four patients, of which 71.6% were females, participated in the study. Patients’ mean age was 59.1 (SD 12.2). The mean number of medication used by patients was 4.4 (SD 1.89). More than half (110; 54%) of the patients were non-adherent to their medications (MMAS score < 6). Binary regression analysis showed that highly adherent patients (MMAS score = 8) were about five times (OR 4.91 [95%CI: 1.85–12.93; P = 0.01]) more likely to have controlled blood pressure compared to low adherent patients. Female gender (OR 0.40 [95% CI: 0.20–0.80; P = 0.01]), Age > 65 years (OR 2.0 [95% CI: 1.0–4.2; P = 0.04]), and being diabetic (OR 0.25 [95% CI: 0.1–0.6; P = 0.04]) were found to be independent predictors of medication adherence. Conclusion Medication adherence is alarmingly low among hypertensive patients attending primary care clinics in Saudi Arabia which may partly explain observed poor blood pressure control. There is a clear need to educate patients about the importance of medication adherence and its impact on improving clinical outcomes. Future research should identify barriers to medication adherence among Saudi hypertensive patients.
The moldable inspector

Object inspectors are an essential category of tools that allow developers to comprehend the run-time of object-oriented systems. Traditional object inspectors favor a generic view that focuses on the low-level details of the state of single objects. Based on 16 interviews with software developers and a follow-up survey with 62 respondents we identified a need for object inspectors that support different high-level ways to visualize and explore objects, depending on both the object and the current developer need. We propose the Moldable Inspector, a novel inspector model that enables developers to adapt the inspection workflow to suit their immediate needs by making the inspection context explicit, providing multiple interchangeable domain-specific views for each object, and supporting a workflow that groups together multiple levels of connected objects. We show that the Moldable Inspector can address multiple kinds of development needs involving a wide range of objects.
Feature extraction and acoustic modeling: an approach for improved generalization across languages and accents

The paper proposes a solution that brings some advances to the genericity of the ASR technology towards tasks and languages. A non-linear discriminant model is built from multi-lingual, multi-task speech material in order to classify the acoustic signal into language independent phonetic units. Instead of considering this model for direct HMM state likelihood estimation, it rather operates as a first stage to produce discriminant features that can be further used in cascade with a traditional task/language specific ASR system. This first stage structure is expected to achieve a strong modeling of the cross-language variability of speech that can better handle pronunciation variations due for instance to regional and non-native accents. Moreover, the flexibility of this architecture still allow the development of small task/language dedicated ASR systems as a second stage structure, possibly with small amount of data. The benefit of this architecture is demonstrated through a fine analysis of modeling performance at the phoneme level and on two different isolated word recognition tasks featuring accent variabilities
A cooperative spectrum sensing scheme for cognitive radio ad hoc networks based on gossip and trust

In a cognitive radio ad hoc network, secondary users must cooperate in a decentralized way in order to determine the presence or absence of the primary user. In such a setting, malicious nodes deteriorate the cooperative spectrum sensing performance by reporting incorrect sensing information to the other nodes. We classify distributed cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio ad hoc networks into two categories: consensus-based and non-consensus-based. We investigate and compare the sensitivity of these categories to spectrum sensing data falsification attacks and analyze the benefit of trust management in enhancing the performance of these methods. To this end, we introduce a novel trust-aware gossip-based scheme for distributed sensing. Our simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the cooperative sensing performance in the presence of malicious nodes in the network.
Modeling the Growth of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Abstract Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth is a complex process that is incompletely understood. Significant heterogeneity in growth trajectories between patients has led to difficulties in accurately modeling aneurysm growth across cohorts of patients. We set out to compare four models of aneurysm growth commonly used in the literature and confirm which best fits the patient data of our AAA cohort. Methods: Patients with AAA were included in the study if they had two or more abdominal ultrasound scans greater than 3 months apart. Patients were censored from analysis once their AAA exceeded 5.5 cm. Four models were applied using the R environment for statistical computing. Growth estimates and goodness of fit (using the Akaike Information Criterion, AIC) were compared, with p-values based on likelihood ratio testing. Results: Of 510 enrolled patients, 264 met the inclusion criteria, yielding a total of 1861 imaging studies during 932 cumulative years of surveillance. Overall, growth rates were: (1) 0.35 (0.31,0.39) cm/yr in the growth/time calculation, (2) 0.056 (0.042,0.068) cm/yr in the linear regression model, (3) 0.19 (0.17,0.21) cm/yr in the linear multilevel model, and (4) 0.21 (0.18,0.24) cm/yr in the quadratic multilevel model at time 0, slowing to 0.15 (0.12,0.17) cm/yr at 10 years. AIC was lowest in the quadratic multilevel model (1508) compared to other models (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: AAA growth was heterogeneous between patients; the nested nature of the data is most appropriately modeled by multilevel modeling techniques.
Design and Implementation of PID Controller Based BFOA for Buck Converter Fed DC Motor Speed Control

This paper presents the speed control DC motor is designed and implementation by supply the output of buck converter as input to armature of dc motor. The mathematical model of the buck converter circuit operating in the continuous conduction mode (CCM) and the mathematical model of DC motor separately excited in state-space equations form are presented. PID controller and hybrid PID controller based bacterial foraging algorithm are used to designed an optimal controller of the dc motor speed control. Analysis and comparison between Simulation and practical of open loop system, close loop system with PID controller and hybrid PID based bacterial foraging controller results are performed for different, writing conditioning such as sudden changing in the load torque. The results show that the best testing cases when used PID based bacterial foraging algorithm method.
Tennis video abstraction from audio and visual cues

We propose a context-based model of video abstraction exploiting both audio and video features and applied to tennis TV programs. We can automatically produce different types of summary of a given video depending on the users' constraints or preferences. We have first designed an efficient and accurate temporal segmentation of the video into segments homogeneous w.r. t the camera motion. We introduce original visual descriptors related to the dominant and residual image motions. The different summary types are obtained by specifying adapted classification criteria which involve audio features to select the relevant segments to be included in the video abstract. The proposed scheme has been validated on 22 hours of tennis videos.
Phylogenetic Diversity of Nitrogenase (nifH) Genes in Deep-Sea and Hydrothermal Vent Environments of the Juan de Fuca Ridge

ABSTRACT The subseafloor microbial habitat associated with typical unsedimented mid-ocean-ridge hydrothermal vent ecosystems may be limited by the availability of fixed nitrogen, inferred by the low ammonium and nitrate concentrations measured in diffuse hydrothermal fluid. Dissolved N2 gas, the largest reservoir of nitrogen in the ocean, is abundant in deep-sea and hydrothermal vent fluid. In order to test the hypothesis that biological nitrogen fixation plays an important role in nitrogen cycling in the subseafloor associated with unsedimented hydrothermal vents, degenerate PCR primers were designed to amplify the nitrogenase iron protein gene nifH from hydrothermal vent fluid. A total of 120 nifH sequences were obtained from four samples: a nitrogen-poor diffuse vent named marker 33 on Axial Volcano, sampled twice over a period of 1 year as its temperature decreased; a nitrogen-rich diffuse vent near Puffer on Endeavour Segment; and deep seawater with no detectable hydrothermal plume signal. Subseafloor nifH genes from marker 33 and Puffer are related to anaerobic clostridia and sulfate reducers. Other nifH genes unique to the vent samples include proteobacteria and divergent Archaea. All of the nifH genes from the deep-seawater sample are most closely related to the thermophilic, anaerobic archaeon Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus (77 to 83% amino acid similarity). These results provide the first genetic evidence of potential nitrogen fixers in hydrothermal vent environments and indicate that at least two sources contribute to the diverse assemblage of nifH genes detected in hydrothermal vent fluid: nifH genes from an anaerobic, hot subseafloor and nifH genes from cold, oxygenated deep seawater.