Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel Spare TSV Deployment for 3-D ICs Considering Yield and Timing Constraints

In 3-D integrated circuits, through silicon via (TSV) is a critical enabling technique to provide vertical connections. However, it may suffer from many reliability issues such as undercut, misalignment, or random open defects. Various fault-tolerance mechanisms have been proposed in literature to improve yield, at the cost of significant area overhead. In this paper, we focus on the structure that uses one spare TSV for a group of original TSVs, and study the optimal assignment of spare TSVs under yield and timing constraints to minimize the total area overhead. We show that such problem can be modeled as a constrained graph decomposition problem. Two efficient heuristics are further developed to address this problem. Experimental results show that under the same yield and timing constraints, our heuristic can reduce the area overhead induced by the fault-tolerance mechanisms by up to 61%, compared with a seemingly more intuitive nearest-neighbor-based heuristic.
Using American Depository Receipts to Identify the Effect of Price Limits

Many stock exchanges set up certain limits on the maximum variation that a stock is allowed to have in a single day. Table 1 gives an overview of the price limit rules of some of the world exchanges. As reflected in the table, among stock exchanges in 41 countries that we obtain information, 23 of them have price limits and 7 of them have some kinds of circuit breaker rules. The normal assertion of having price limits is to control wild price fluctuation and to foster an orderly market. Whether price limit has such effect is an unsettled issue. In this study, we investigate what effects the price limits may have on a stock return series. To identify such effects, we use a “natural-experiment”: we compare the return series of the same stock that is traded on two different exchanges where there are price limits on one exchange but not on the other. In particular, we use stocks of Japanese companies that are traded both in the United States markets in the form of ADRs and on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE). The shares of ∗The corresponding author. Email: gan@eco.utexas. edu, phone: (512)475-8540.
Towards a critical realist perspective on African conflicts

ABSTRACT With various attempts being made to address religious, ethnic and political conflicts in Africa, one question which continues to feature in public discourses concerns the contributions which the African academic community could make towards the understanding and resolution of conflict. This article demonstrates that ontological issues need to be critical in any attempts at effectively analysing conflicts. The merit of the critical realist philosophy of Roy Bhaskar, with its ontological concerns, is presented as an important analytical and resolution model which the African academic community can fall back on, to look for effective solutions to conflict on the continent. The thrust in this article is that the properties of the critical realist approach to social research make it practically adequate for analysing conflicts.
A content aware integer register file organization

A register file is a critical component of a modern superscalar processor. It has a large number of entries and read/write ports in order to enable high levels of instruction parallelism. As a result, the register file's area, access time, and energy consumption increase dramatically, significantly affecting the overall superscalar processor's performance and energy consumption. This is especially true in 64-bit processors. This paper presents a new integer register file organization, which reduces energy consumption, area, and access time of the register file with a minimal effect on overall IPC. This is accomplished by exploiting a new concept, partial value locality, which is defined as occurrence of multiple live value instances identical in a subset of their bits. A possible implementation of the new register file is described and shown to obtain proposed optimized register file designs. Overall, an energy reduction of over 50%, a 18% decrease in area, and a 15% reduction in the access time are achieved in the new register file. The energy and area savings are achieved with a 1.7% reduction in IPC for integer applications and a negligible 0.3% in numerical applications, assuming the same clock frequency. A performance increase of up to 13% is possible if the clock frequency can be increases due to a reduction in the register file access time. This approach enables other, very promising optimizations, three of which are outlined in the paper.
Near-Field Error Analysis for Arbitrary Scanning Grids Using Fast Irregular Antenna Field Transformation Algorithm

An extensive error analysis for arbitrary near-fleld antenna measurements is performed. Expressions are derived to estimate the far-fleld uncertainty using the available near-fleld data together with the measurement inaccuracy but, most importantly, without the knowledge of the reference far fleld. Error analysis techniques presented so far either assume a speciflc set of antennas or a speciflc measurement surface and are di-cult to generalize. We present a generalized approach providing realistic error estimates using the recently developed Fast Irregular Antenna Field Transformation Algorithm (FIAFTA). FIAFTA utilizes equivalent plane wave sources to represent radiated antenna flelds and is able to process near- fleld data collected on arbitrary measurement grids. The unknown plane wave coe-cients are determined by solving a linear system of equations. The error model is applied to planar, cylindrical, and spherical near-fleld measurements and is also valid for arbitrary measurement grids. The estimated far-fleld uncertainties show good agreement with the reference far-fleld errors.
The Performance Evaluation of DGPS Data Correction Links in Dynamic Environments

3 Abstract: This paper shows the development of two differential GPS systems using UHF (Ultra High Frequency) transmitter based and cellular transceiver based data correction links. These DGPS systems consist of a Focus FM-based DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) reference base station, a host PC and an antenna on reference station side and a laptop PC and a Micro GPS receiver on mobile side. In System-1, the differential correction data link was developed by a pair of UHF radio modems, one on reference base station side and one on mobile unit side. System-2 was established to replace the UHF transmitter based data correction link by a cellular mobile transceiver based data communication link between the reference station and the mobile unit. In this system, a cellular mobile transceiver was used on mobile unit side and the connection on DGPS side was established via a land-line telephone connected with PC via a modem. The performance of both systems was evaluated by various dynamic experiments. These dynamic experiments were conducted by traversing pre-planned routes. Two separate sets of experiments were performed with brighter and narrower lines of sight. The experimental results demonstrated the satisfactory performance of the systems when differential corrections were available, but the performance of the systems was degraded in narrower line of sight at the sections where DGPS corrections were unavailable and less number of satellites were tracked. These experiments were repeated with different satellite geometry at various timings of a day, the outcome of results showed that different timings of a day do not have any significant impact over the performance of the system, provided the differential corrections are available and a minimum of four satellites are tracked. The final set of experiments showed in this research compared the performance of two differential correction data links used in System-1 & System-2. The results proved that the differential correction data link does not have any impact over the accuracy of the system. However this paper recommends the use of cellular mobile transceiver-based DGPS system due to its large coverage area.
Independent Component Analysis without Preprocessing

In this paper, we introduce a novel independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm, which does not require any preprocessing of the mixed signals (as opposed to most current ICA algorithms). Using a zero-forcing technique, the algorithm performs on-line diagonalization of a matrix whose entries are cross-cumulants of nonlinearly transformed mixtures of source signals. To our knowledge, the proposed approach is the only on-line ICA algorithm that separate mixed source signals without any frequently used preprocessing such as "centering" (subtracting the means from the mixtures) or "sphering" (decorrelation or whitening). Most other higher order cumulants based ICA algorithms involve complicated matrix algebra and lacks the desirable equivariant property which means these algorithms may fail to produce the desired source separation when the mixing matrix is ill-conditioned. The algorithm proposed in this paper, however, is equivariant and the separation performance of the algorithm is independent of the underlying mixing matrix.
Dietary fat and incidence of type 2 diabetes in older Iowa women.

OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between reported intakes of dietary fat and incident type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the relation between dietary fatty acids and diabetes in a prospective cohort study of 35,988 older women who initially did not have diabetes. Diet was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire at baseline, and 1,890 incident cases of diabetes occurred during 11 years of follow-up. RESULTS After adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity, demographic factors, and dietary magnesium and cereal fiber, diabetes incidence was negatively associated with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, vegetable fat, and trans fatty acids and positively associated with omega-3 fatty acids, cholesterol, and the Keys score. After simultaneous adjustment for other dietary fat, only vegetable fat remained clearly related to diabetes risk. Relative risks across quintiles of vegetable fat intake were 1.00, 0.90, 0.87, 0.84, and 0.82 (P = 0.02). Diabetes risk was also inversely related to substituting polyunsaturated fatty acids for saturated fatty acids and positively correlated to the Keys dietary score. CONCLUSIONS These data support an inverse relation between incident type 2 diabetes and vegetable fat and substituting polyunsaturated fatty acids for saturated fatty acids and cholesterol.
Risk identification protocols for pre-and post-import screening of aquatic organisms ( with emphasis on freshwater fishes )

1 Salmon & Freshwater Fisheries Team, Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, U.K. (E-mail: gordon.copp@cefas.co.uk). 2 Murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre and La Trobe University, Lower Basin Laboratory, Mildura 3502, Victoria, Australia. 3 Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, U.K. 4 IFREMER, Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie, La Tremblade, France.
How special are teachers of specialized schools? : a quantitative investigation of Turkish mathematics teachers' self-confidence levels in the technology domain

iii ÖZET . iiv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . iix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Background of the study . 2 Problem . 4 Purpose . 5 Hypotheses . 6 Research questions . 6 Intellectual merit and broader impact . 7 Definition of key terms . 8 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 1
A Hybrid Feature Selection Algorithm

Feature selection algorithm in intrusion detection, data mining and pattern recognition plays a crucial role, it deletes unrelated and redundant features of the original data set to the optimal feature subset which are applied to some evaluation criteria. Due to the low accuracy, the high false positive rate and the long detection time of the existing feature selection algorithm, in the paper, we put forward a hybrid feature selection algorithm towards efficient intrusion detection, this algorithm chooses the optimal feature subset by combining the correlation algorithm and redundancy algorithm. Experimental results show that the algorithm shows almost and even better than the traditional feature selection algorithm on the different classifiers.
THOR: Orchestrated thermal management of cores and networks in 3D many-core architectures

Most previous researches on thermal management of many-core architectures focus on the control of either core resources or network resources only, even though both have significant thermal impacts. This paper proposes a holistic thermal management that applies dynamic voltage/frequency scaling to cores and routers together to maximize system performance under temperature constraint. The proposed method first determines a power budget given in aggregate weighted power for every pillar of vertically adjacent tiles. Then it performs voltage/frequency assignment under the budget while exploiting the characteristics of the applications. Experiments show that our approach outperforms existing methods.
Pit-1 inhibits BRCA1 and sensitizes human breast tumors to cisplatin and vitamin D treatment

The POU class 1 homeobox 1 (POU1F1, also known as Pit-1), pertaining to the Pit-Oct-Unc (POU) family of transcription factors, has been related to tumor growth and metastasis in breast. However, its role in response to breast cancer therapy is unknown. We found that Pit-1 down-regulated DNA-damage and repair genes, and specifically inhibited BRCA1 gene expression, sensitizing breast cancer cells to DNA-damage agents. Administration of 1α, 25-dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D3 (3-Epi, an endogenous low calcemic vitamin D metabolite) reduced Pit-1 expression, and synergized with cisplatin, thus, decreasing cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro, and reducing tumor growth in vivo. In addition, fifteen primary cultures of human breast tumors showed significantly decreased proliferation when treated with 3-Epi+cisplatin, compared to cisplatin alone. This response positively correlated with Pit-1 levels. Our findings demonstrate that high levels of Pit-1 and reduced BRCA1 levels increase breast cancer cell susceptibility to 3-Epi+cisplatin therapy.
Time-Borrowing Circuit Designs and Hardware Prototyping for Timing Error Resilience

As dynamic variability increases with CMOS scaling, it is essential to incorporate large design-time timing margins to ensure yield and reliable operation. Online techniques for timing error resilience help recover timing margins, improving performance and/or power consumption. This paper presents TIMBER, a technique for online timing error resilience that masks timing errors by borrowing time from successive pipeline stages. TIMBER-based error masking can recover timing margins without instruction replay or roll-back support. Three sequential circuit elements are described: TIMBER flip-flop, dedicated TIMBER flip-flop, and TIMBER latch. The TIMBER flip-flop uses two master latches and one slave latch to mask timing errors by borrowing discrete units of time from successive pipeline stages. It can be simplified to a dedicated TIMBER flip-flop that uses only two latches for time-borrowing (TB) at the expense of the flexibility of configuration as a conventional master-slave flip-flop. The TIMBER latch masks timing errors through continuous time-borrowing from successive pipeline stages, and supports runtime configuration as a conventional master-slave flip-flop. The TIMBER latch's continuous time-borrowing capability provides better time-borrowing capabilities at lower hardware cost, but the TIMBER flip-flop's discrete time-borrowing capability preserves the edge triggering property of a flip-flop, thus blocking the propagation of glitches and spurious transitions. In addition to evaluating the overhead and tradeoffs of TIMBER-based error masking on an industrial processor, the three circuits were also prototyped on an FPGA and their timing error masking capability was validated using a two-stage pipeline test structure.
Screen-identified selective inhibitor of lysine demethylase 5A blocks cancer cell growth and drug resistance

Lysine demethylase 5A (KDM5A/RBP2/JARID1A) is a histone lysine demethylase that is overexpressed in several human cancers including lung, gastric, breast and liver cancers. It plays key roles in important cancer processes including tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug tolerance, making it a potential cancer therapeutic target. Chemical tools to analyze KDM5A demethylase activity are extremely limited as available inhibitors are not specific for KDM5A. Here, we characterized KDM5A using a homogeneous luminescence-based assay and conducted a screen of about 9,000 small molecules for inhibitors. From this screen, we identified several 3-thio-1,2,4-triazole compounds that inhibited KDM5A with low μM in vitro IC50 values. Importantly, these compounds showed great specificity and did not inhibit its close homologue KDM5B (PLU1/JARID1B) or the related H3K27 demethylases KDM6A (UTX) and KDM6B (JMJD3). One compound, named YUKA1, was able to increase H3K4me3 levels in human cells and selectively inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells whose growth depends on KDM5A. As KDM5A was shown to mediate drug tolerance, we investigated the ability of YUKA1 to prevent drug tolerance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells treated with gefitinib and HER2+ breast cancer cells treated with trastuzumab. Remarkably, this compound hindered the emergence of drug-tolerant cells, highlighting the critical role of KDM5A demethylase activity in drug resistance. The small molecules presented here are excellent tool compounds for further study of KDM5A's demethylase activity and its contributions to cancer.
Medical and Economic Impact of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Outbreak in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes frequent nosocomial outbreaks in general pediatric wards but is less commonly reported in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We investigated an outbreak of RSV infection in a NICU and its impact on health care delivery, outcomes and costs. Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed after an RSV outbreak occurred in the NICU. A case was defined as an infant with a nasopharyngeal aspirate positive for RSV by viral culture. Nucleotide sequencing of the isolates was done to determine relatedness. Hospital bills for all RSV culture-positive infants were reviewed. Results: Nine infants (mean age, 34 days; mean birth weight, 1757 g; and mean estimated gestational age 31 weeks and 5 days) were infected with RSV subgroup B during this outbreak. By nucleotide sequencing, the isolates were identical. Clinical manifestations included cough, congestion, increased oxygen requirement, apnea and respiratory failure. The 5 infants requiring intubation had a significantly lower mean birth weight (1301 g versus 2328 g, P = 0.027), mean estimated gestational age (28 weeks and 5 days versus 35 weeks and 2 days, P = 0.014) and mean weight at onset of symptoms (2093 g versus 2989 g, P = 0.049) than the 4 nonintubated infants. More than 1.15 million dollars in hospital charges were attributable to the outbreak. All infants survived. Conclusion: Infants in a NICU who develop cough, congestion or apnea should be tested for RSV and other common respiratory viruses during the winter respiratory season. Even in a closed NICU, nosocomial outbreaks of these viruses can occur and have a major effect on healthcare delivery, costs and outcomes.
Manganese trends in a sample of thin and thick disk stars - The origin of Mn

Context. Manganese is an iron-peak element and although the nucleosynthesis path that leads to its formation is fairly well understood, it remains unclear which objects, SN II and/or SN Ia, that contribute the majority of Mn to the interstellar medium. It also remains unclear to which extent the supernovae Mn yields depend on the metallicity of the progenitor star or not. Aims. By using a well studied and well defined sample of 95 dwarf stars we aim at further constraining the formation site(s) of Mn. Methods. We derive Mn abundances through spectral synthesis of four Mn I lines at 539.4, 549.2, 601.3, and 601.6 nm. Stellar parameters and data for oxygen are taken from Bensby et al. (2003, 2004, 2005). Results. When comparing our Mn abundances with O abundances for the same stars we find that the abundance trends in the stars with kinematics typical of the thick disk can be explained by metallicity dependent yields from SN II. We go on and combine our data for dwarf stars in the disks with data for dwarf and giant stars in the metal-poor thick disk and halo from the literature. We find that dwarf and giant stars show the same trends, which indicates that neither non-LTE nor evolutionary effects are a major concern for Mn. Furthermore, the [Mn/O] vs. [O/H] trend in the halo is flat. Conclusions. We conclude that the simplest interpretation of our data is that Mn is most likely produced in SN II and that the Mn yields for such SNae must be metallicity dependent. Contribution from SN Ia in the metal-rich thin disk can not, however, be excluded.
DIFFUSION IN DEFORMING POROUS MEDIA

We report on some recent progress in the mathematical theory of nonlinear fluid transport and poro-mechanics, specifically, the design, analysis and application of mathematical models for the flow of fluids driven by the coupled pressure and stress distributions within a deforming heterogeneous porous structure. The goal of this work is to develop a set of mathematical models of coupled flow and deformation processes as a basis for fundamental research on the theoretical and numerical modeling and simulation of flow in deforming heterogeneous porous media.
An expansion-aided synchronous conservative time management algorithm on GPU

The graphic processing unit (GPU) brings an opportunity to implement large scale simulations in an economical way. GPU's performance relies on high parallelism, but using synchronous conservative time management algorithm for discrete event simulation will meet the scenarios with limited parallelism. This conflict leads to bad performance even though the application itself has high parallelism. To solve this problem, we propose an expansion-aided synchronous conservative time management algorithm. It uses runtime information to enlarge the time bound of "safe" events, and uses an expansion method to import "safe" events. By interleaving a series of expansions with event computation, more events can be assembled to be processed in parallel. Moreover, a simulated annealing algorithm is adopted to control the number of expansions. It helps achieve stable performance under different conditions by finding a balance between low parallelism and unnecessary expansions. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve up to a 30% performance improvement.