Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autocatalytic processing of the potyvirus helper component proteinase in Escherichia coli and in vitro

The virus-encoded proteins of tobacco etch virus (TEV), a plant potyvirus, arise by proteolytic processing of a large polyprotein precursor. The TEV genome codes for two proteinases, a 49-kilodalton proteinase and helper component proteinase (HC-Pro), which cleave the polyprotein at specific sites. The only known cleavage event catalyzed by HC-Pro occurs at the HC-Pro carboxyl terminus. The proteolytic activity of HC-Pro was analyzed by expression of the enzyme in bacterial and cell-free systems. The carboxyl-terminal domain of HC-Pro exhibited proteolytic activity in Escherichia coli with a processing half-time of approximately 100 s. The processing kinetics of HC-Pro expressed in vitro by cell-free transcription and translation was variable, depending on the presence or absence of TEV polypeptide sequences at the amino terminus of the proteolytic domain. Cleavage of the HC-Pro carboxyl terminus appeared to proceed exclusively by an autocatalytic mechanism; the proteinase synthesized in vitro exhibited little or no proteolytic activity when reacted with the HC-Pro cleavage site in trans or biomolecular reactions.
Mechanisms of simian virus 40 T-antigen activation by phosphorylation of threonine 124

Previous studies have shown that phosphorylation of simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen at threonine 124 enhances the binding of T antigen to the SV40 core origin of replication and the unwinding of the core origin DNA via hexamer-hexamer interactions. Here, we report that threonine 124 phosphorylation enhances the interaction of T-antigen amino acids 1 to 259 and 89 to 259 with the core origin of replication. Phosphorylation, therefore, activates the minimal DNA binding domain of T antigen even in the absence of domains required for hexamer formation. Activation is mediated by only one of three DNA binding elements in the minimal DNA binding domain of T antigen. This element, including amino acids 167, 215, and 219, enhances binding to the unique arrangement of four pentanucleotides in the core origin but not to other pentanucleotide arrangements found in ancillary regions of the SV40 origin of replication. Interestingly, the same four pentanucleotides in the core origin are necessary and sufficient for phosphorylation-enhanced DNA binding. Further, we show that phosphorylation of threonine 124 promotes the assembly of high-order complexes of the minimal DNA binding domain of T antigen with core origin DNA. We propose that phosphorylation induces conformational shifts in the minimal DNA binding domain of T antigen and thereby enhances interactions among T-antigen subunits oriented by core origin pentanucleotides. Similar subunit interactions would enhance both assembly of full-length T antigen into binary hexamer complexes and origin unwinding.
Proving and Disproving Psychiatric Injury

If a claimant who has been exposed to trauma describes psychiatric symptoms to a psychiatrist accepted by the court as an expert, who then reports that the claimant has, say, post-traumatic stress disorder caused by the litigated event, has the claimant proved the medical aspect of his case? Not necessarily. In this article, I will attempt to set out some of the hidden medical assumptions upon which such psychiatric reports are commonly based. This may offer some hints to lawyers about potential weak spots in psychiatric reports, and how to attack or resist attack upon them. Personal injury and employment tribunal cases are the main legal arenas in which psychiatric injury is important. Personal injury, for example from work or traffic accidents, is associated with more dramatic conditions, such as post traumatic stress disorder. On the other hand, employment cases tend to involve claims of long-term adverse treatment rather than sudden individual events, and so tend to be associated with claims for depression and anxiety. However, both types of case need an expert report from a psychiatrist, or psychologist. I have three main points.
Simultaneous extraction and separation of flavonols and flavones from Chamaecyparis obtusa by multi-phase extraction using an ionic liquid-modified microsphere polymer.

INTRODUCTION Flavonols and flavones, especially quercitrin, myricetin and amentoflavone, are the main anti-bacterial and anti-cancer compounds in Chamaecyparis obtuse. Multi-phase extraction is a new method that can extract and separate target compounds simultaneously. OBJECTIVE An amino ionic liquid immobilised microsphere polymer was used as a multi-phase extraction sorbent to extract and separate quercitrin, myricetin and amentoflavone from Chamaecyparis obtusa. METHODOLOGY The sorbent and Chamaecyparis obtusa powder were packed into a single cartridge. Using a fixed volume of methanol with five repetitions, the target compounds were extracted from the powder to the sorbent. The sorbent was then washed with n-hexane to remove any interfering species and the target compounds were eluted sequentially using water, methanol and methanol containing 1% acetic acid (vol.). RESULTS Under the optimised conditions, 0.45 mg/g of quercitrin, 0.18 mg/g of myricetin and 0.12 mg/g of amentoflavone from 2.0 g of powder were obtained by multi-phase extraction using 0.3 g of sorbent. CONCLUSION The method described has a low deviation error, requires a small amount of solvent and is highly selective and reproducible.
Automatic detection of multiple oriented blood vessels in retinal images

Automatic segmentation of the vasculature in retinal images is important in the detection of diabetic retinopathy that affects the morphology of the blood vessel tree. In this paper, a hybrid method for efficient segmentation of multiple oriented blood vessels in colour retinal images is proposed. Initially, the appearance of the blood vessels are enhanced and background noise is suppressed with the set of real component of a complex Gabor filters. Then the vessel pixels are detected in the vessel enhanced image using entropic thresholding based on gray level co-occurrence matrix as it takes into account the spatial distribution of gray levels and preserving the spatial structures. The performance of the method is illustrated on two sets of retinal images from publicly available DRIVE (Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction) and Hoover’s databases. For DRIVE database, the blood vessels are detected with sensitivity of 86.47±3.6 (Mean±SD) and specificity of 96±1.01.
An Empirical Study of the Performance of IEEE 802 . 15 . 4 e TSCH for Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have made their way into many smart and ubiquitous healthcare and wellness applications. A low-power, efficient, and reliable communication protocol is of paramount importance for the success of WBANs in satisfying the requirements of the health applications. The IEEE 802.15. 4 standard is always one of the main options due to its efficiency and low-complexity. However, it suffers from the impact of other wireless technologies using the same frequency band such as WiFi and Bluetooth. Time Slotted Channel Hoping (TSCH) is an operational mode of the IEEE 802.15. 4e standard, which is originally developed for reliable industrial wireless networks. TSCH has Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and frequency hopping features, which increase the network robustness against effects such as noise, interference, and multi-path fading. This paper proposes to exploit TSCH for communications in WBANs, and studies its performance. The features of TSCH like power efficiency, TDMA-based operation, and heterogeneity support fit very well with the requirements of many health monitoring applications. The performance of the TSCH standard for WBAN communications is investigated through real-world experiments in various conditions. The results show that TSCH outperforms the basic IEEE 802.15. 4 standard in terms of communication reliability against interferences from coexisting wireless devices.
Power transformer fault diagnosis based on noise detection using clustering and classifier ensemble

Today, due to existing complexity and changing organizations using accurate and modern tools is compulsory needed on performing the maintenance strategies. Human's improvements during last decades about gathering and storage the results and data cause the organizations have a huge dimension of data related to maintenance. Given the above description and rapid progress in the field of data mining and logging industry equipment repairs and maintenance on our plants that in this research we are going to power transformer fault diagnosis based on noise detection using clustering and classifier ensemble by oil transformers dissolved gas analysis (DGA) results and reduce costs and increase system reliability in the power generation industry through timely diagnosis and prognosis Defects in transformers which are considered one of the most critical power plant equipment in the power industry take an important and effective step. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) of transformer oil is an important way for early fault detection. If the data the correct results of the gas chromatographic tests of the transformers are extracted and using the correct CE methods, we can detect the noise in the Data sets and remove them and perform the new Classification Data sets. We will get the best and highest accuracy in the output and our purposed method is called ensemble classification method with majority voting have more reliability than basic classification methods. Mehdi Shokri Asrami, Ebrahim AkbariPower transformer fault diagnosis based on noise detection using clustering and classifier ensemble EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. VI, Issue 1 / April 2018 385
Influence of mannan oligosaccharide, Ligustrum lucidum and Schisandra chinensis on parameters of antioxidative and immunological status of broilers

Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary supplementation with Ligustrum lucidum (LL, 10 g/kg), Schisandra chinensis (SC, 10 g/kg), LL (10 g/kg) + mannan oligosaccharides (MOS, 50 mg/kg), or SC (10 g/kg) + MOS (50 mg/kg) on growth performance and parameters of antioxidative and immunological status of broilers. The results showed that feeding LL, SC, LL + MOS, or SC + MOS had no significant effect on growth performance of broilers relative to the control. However, compared to the control, LL, SC, LL + MOS, or SC + MOS significantly decreased malondialdehyde concentration in serum, thigh, and heart of broilers. In addition, glutathione reductase activity of heart and sera of the birds were significantly elevated by supplementation LL, SC, LL + MOS, or SC + MOS. Furthermore, LL, SC, LL + MOS, or SC + MOS significantly improved antibody titres against Newcastle disease virus and lymphocyte proliferation of broilers (p < 0.05). Whereas, no cooperating effect between LL (or SC) and MOS on antioxidant status and immunity of broilers were found.
Sequence, Genomic Organization, and Expression of the Novel Homeobox Gene Hesx1(*)

Extensive analyses of homeobox gene expression and function during murine embryogenesis have demonstrated that homeobox gene products are key components in the establishment of pattern formation and regional identity during development. In this paper we report the molecular characterization and expression of a novel murine homeobox sequence, Hesx1, isolated from pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Hesx1 is expressed as two transcripts of 1.0 and 1.2 kilobases which encode an identical 185 amino acid open reading frame. The transcripts differ in the 3′-untranslated region due to the differential utilization of a weak splice donor site located immediately downstream of the translation termination codon. The Hesx1 homeodomain shared 80% identity with the Xenopus homeoprotein XANF-1 and was less than 50% related to other homeodomain sequences. Hesx1 and XANF-1 therefore constitute the founder members of a new homeodomain class. Hesx1 expression was down-regulated during embryonic stem cell differentiation and was detected in tissue-specific RNA samples derived from the embryonic liver, and at lower levels in viscera, amnion, and yolk sac. Expression in adult mice was not detected. These sites of expression are consistent with a role for Hesx1 in the regulation of developmental decisions in the early mouse embryo and during fetal hematopoiesis.
Ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis: biological regulation via destruction

The ubiquitin proteolytic system plays an important role in a broad array of basic cellular processes. Among these are regulation of cell cycle, modulation of the immune and inflammatory responses, control of signal transduction pathways, development and differentiation. These complex processes are controlled via specific degradation of a single or a subset of proteins. Degradation of a protein by the ubiquitin system involves two successive steps, conjugation of multiple moieties of ubiquitin and degradation of the tagged protein by the 26S proteasome. An important question concerns the identity of the mechanisms that underlie the high degree of specificity of the system. Substrate recognition is governed by a large family ubiquitin ligases that recognize the substrates, bind them and catalyze/facilitate their interaction with ubiquitin. BioEssays 22:442—451, 2000. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Properties of Antibacterial Polypropylene/Nanometal Composite Fibers

Melt spinning of polypropylene fibers containing silver and zinc nanoparticles was investigated. The nanometals were generally uniformly dispersed in polypropylene, but aggregation of these materials was observed on fiber surface and in fiber cross-sections. The mechanical properties of the resulted composite fibers with low concentration of nanometal were comparable to those for the control PP yarns. Extruded composite fibers that contained 0.72% silver and 0.60% zinc nanoparticles had outstanding antibacterial efficacy as documented by the percentage count reduction growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Fibers containing silver particles had improved antistatic properties.
Theoretical study of the interaction of harmful heroin molecule with N-doped TiO 2 anatase nanoparticles

Density functional theory calculations were carried out to study the interaction of heroin molecule with pristine and N-dopedTiO2 anatase nanoparticles. The oxygen atom of heroin molecule was found to be the binding site on the heroin molecule. In contrast, the binding site of TiO2 nanoparticle was positioned over the fivefold coordinated titanium atoms. The results showed that the adsorption energies of heroin on the considered nanoparticles followed the order N-doped TiO2> pristine (undoped) TiO2. The N-doped TiO2 nanoparticle was strongly favored with high sensitivity to heroin detection. Thus, the adsorption of heroin on the N-doped nanoparticle is more favorable in energy than the adsorption on the pristine one.The charge transfers were predicted based on Mulliken population analysis. The electron transfer from heroin to the TiO2 particles was in the order N-doped TiO2> pristine (undoped) TiO2.The significant overlaps in the PDOS spectra of the oxygen atom of heroin and titanium atom of TiO2 indicate that chemical bond was formed between adsorbate and nanoparticle. After the adsorption process, the electronic density in the highest occupied molecular orbitals was strongly distributed over the adsorbed heroin molecule.These processes eventually lead to the adsorption of heroin on the TiO2 particles.
REVISION 1 : 1 Crystal Structure and Hydration / Dehydration Behavior of a Na 2 Mg ( SO 4 ) 2 · 16 H 2 O : a New 2 Hydrate Phase Observed under Mars-Relevant Conditions 3

8 Hydrated evaporite minerals have the ability to hold large amounts of H2O, making them a 9 potential source of H2O in cold, low-PH2O environments such as the surface of Mars. Many of 10 these hydrated evaporite minerals experience a reversible change in hydration state in response to 11 changes in temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH). Such phases may thus have the potential 12 to interact with the martian atmosphere on a daily or seasonal basis. The Na2Mg(SO4)2⋅nH2O 13 system was previously thought to contain three hydrated phases: a decahydrate (n = 10), konyaite 14 (n = 5), and bl dite (n = 4). We examined this system using temperatureand RH-controlled X15 ray powder diffraction (XRD) methods, as well as temperature-controlled single-crystal X-ray 16 diffraction. When bl dite was exposed to sub-freezing conditions, T ≤ -10 C, a new phase was 17 produced (n = 16, 52 wt. %H2O). Similar low-temperature behavior has been documented in the 18 MgSO4·nH2O system, through the presence of meridianiite (Peterson et al., 2007). The hydration 19 and dehydration behavior of phases in the Na2Mg(SO4)2⋅nH2O system was evaluated with powder 20 XRD from -30 to >25 C and from ~99 to near 0% RH, and single-crystal XRD data were 21 collected for the n = 16 phase at -120 C. The 16-hydrate is triclinic, space group P-1 {note to 22 typesetting: P bar-over-one}, with unit-cell parameters a = 6.5590(12) Å, b = 6.6277(14) Å, c = 23 This is a preprint, the final version is subject to change, of the American Mineralogist (MSA) Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press. (DOI will not work until issue is live.) DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.2138/am.2013. 4509 6/5 Always consult and cite the final, published document. See http://www.minsocam. org or GeoscienceWorld 14.441(3) Å, α = 87.456(15)°, β = 79.682(15)°, γ = 65.847(13)° and a unit cell volume of 563.3(2) 24 Å. The existence of this new phase at low temperatures, its high hydration state, and its ability to 25 form reversibly from blödite all suggest that if phases in this system exist on the martian surface, 26 they will participate in the Mars H2O cycle. 27
Discrete Optimization On the empirical scaling of run-time for finding optimal solutions to the travelling salesman problem

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the most prominent NP-hard combinatorial optimisation problems. After over fifty years of intense study, the TSP continues to be of broad theoretical and practical interest. Using a novel approach to empirical scaling analysis, which in principle is applicable to solvers for many other problems, we demonstrate that some of the most widely studied types of TSP instances tend to be much easier than expected from previous theoretical and empirical results. In particular, we show that the empirical median run-time required for finding optimal solutions to so-called random uniform Euclidean (RUE) instances – one of the most widely studied classes of TSP instances – scales substantially better than Hð2Þ with the number n of cities to be visited. The Concorde solver, for which we achieved this result, is the best-performing exact TSP solver we are aware of, and has been applied to a broad range of real-world problems. Furthermore, we show that even when applied to a broad range of instances from the prominent TSPLIB benchmark collection for the TSP, Concorde exhibits run-times that are surprisingly consistent with our empirical model of Concorde’s scaling behaviour on RUE instances. This result suggests that the behaviour observed for the simple random structure underlying RUE is very similar to that obtained on the structured instances arising in various applications. 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Metabolic imaging Scoring reperfusion by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

After acute myocardial infarction, the immediate therapeutic goal is to establish patency of the infarctrelated artery. However, because a patient’s prognosis after acute myocardial infarction relates directly to the extent of myocardial injury produced during coronary occlusion, attention has shifted away from achieving epicardial artery patency towards the achievement of adequate tissue reperfusion. On the basis of myocardial and microvascular injury assessed by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging after primary percutaneous coronary intervention, four patterns of tissue reperfusion score might be identified: I, aborted myocardial infarction; II, transmural necrosis limited to less than two left ventricular segments without severe microvascular damage; III, transmural necrosis in more than two left ventricular segments without severe microvascular damage; IV, transmural necrosis in more than two left ventricular segments plus severe microvascular damage. Heart Metab. 2007;37:15–18.
Agent-Based Influence Propagation in Social Networks

Many studies have been conducted to analyse the influence diffusion in social networks, where the problem is normally modelled from a centralised perspective. In this paper, we propose an agent-based approach to model the bidirectional influence propagation in directed weighted networks in a distributed manner. In the proposed model, each user's personalised traits and individual's social context are taken into consideration on the basis of social theories. Moreover, the model can capture the dynamics in the environment as well. We claim that the proposed approach is more suitable for simulating the real-world complex influence propagation and predicting the evolution of entire network comparing with traditional approaches.
Does Entrepreneurial Education Promote the Performance of Makers? -- Survey from Zhejiang Province

This paper studies the relationship between entrepreneurship education (EE) and entrepreneurial performance (EP) of college students, and it introduces entrepreneurial intention ((EI) as an intermediary variable to test the effect of EE, and discusses the influence mechanism of EE on EP of college students. What's more the article uses hierarchical regression analysis model for empirical study based on field survey data from Zhejiang province. The results show that: (1) Theoretical Entrepreneurship education (TEE) and practical entrepreneurial education (PEE) have significant positive impact on EP, and the latter is bigger than the former as for the effect. (2) EE can promote the formation of EI. EI plays a full intermediary role between TEE and EP, and it plays a partial intermediary role between PEE and EP. The results indicate that we should pay more attention to PEE to promote EP of college students. Keywords—Entrepreneurship Education; Entrepreneurial Performance; Entrepreneurial Intention; Hierarchical Regression Analysis Model
Position sensorless control of SynRM at low speeds by estimating high-frequency extended EMF using disturbance observer

Synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs) have attracted attention as the motor which complement IMs and IPMSMs, etc., because SynRMs have no winding and magnet in the rotor. Position sensorless control at low speeds of SynRMs is now desired, and several methods have been proposed. This paper proposes a new position sensorless control method of SynRMs at low speeds by estimating a high-frequency extended e.m. f. (EEMF) caused by injecting a high-frequency current, by a disturbance observer on the stator frame. In this method, the frequency of the injecting high-frequency current is set to 200 Hz which is quite lower than a mechanical resonance frequency of the motor, to consider reduction in noise of the motor. The superimposed signal of thus low frequency influences the current control system driving the motor. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method for eliminating the superimposed signal by subtracting a reference value of the high-frequency current from the current fed back to the current controller. Finally, it is experimentally shown that the position sensorless control is capable, at low speeds and under load conditions, using the proposed method.