Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXAMINING THE BEHAVIORAL MECHANISM OF COCAINE CUE ATTENTIONAL BIAS

OF DISSERTATION EXAMINING THE BEHAVIORAL MECHANISM OF COCAINE CUE ATTENTIONAL BIAS Heightened attentional bias towards cocaine-related stimuli relative to neutral stimuli is a characteristic observed in cocaine-use disorders. Response time is an indirect measure of attention and research has failed to consistently demonstrate evidence of clinical relevance. Eye tracking presents a novel tool for directly measuring attentional allocation. The aim of this dissertation was to assess the sensitivity, reliability, and specificity of attentional bias through fixation and response time during the visual probe task. In the visual probe task, substance-related and matched neutral images were presented side-by-side on a computer screen. Eye-tracking technology measured time spent fixating on each image. A probe then replaced one image and time to respond was measured. Attentional bias was defined as the difference between neutral and substance-related images for fixation time and response time. A programmatic series of experiments was conducted using the visual probe task to demonstrate the sensitivity, reliability, and specificity of attentional bias as measured by fixation time during the visual probe task. Cocaine users displayed a robust and reliable cocaine cue attentional bias as measured by fixation time. Non-cocaine-using controls did not display a cocaine cue attentional bias. Fixation time was specific to substance use history. Individuals dependent on both cocaine and alcohol displayed an attentional bias to both substances, whereas individuals dependent on cocaine only displayed an attentional bias towards cocaine, but not alcohol. Fixation time also correlated with craving and deprivation. Cigarette cue attentional bias correlated positively with self-reported cigarette craving. Response time was a less sensitive measure of attentional bias, displayed low reliability, and did not correlate with substance use severity. Unlike response time, eye tracking applied to the visual probe task is a sensitive, reliable, and specific measure of attentional bias in cocaine users. Importantly, fixation time during the visual probe task is sensitive to clinically relevant differences in substance abuse. This outcome is consistent with incentive motivational hypotheses, proposing that reward-paired cues obtain incentive salience. These findings provide future directions for attentional bias research, such as applying eye tracking to treatment-related outcomes.
3T MRI Quantification of Hippocampal Volume and Signal in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Improves Detection of Hippocampal Sclerosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, MR imaging quantification of hippocampal volume and T2 signal can improve the sensitivity for detecting hippocampal sclerosis. However, the current contributions of these analyses for the diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis in 3T MRI are not clear. Our aim was to compare visual analysis, volumetry, and signal quantification of the hippocampus for detecting hippocampal sclerosis in 3T MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred three patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy defined by clinical and electroencephalogram criteria had 3T MRI visually analyzed by imaging epilepsy experts. As a second step, we performed automatic quantification of hippocampal volumes with FreeSurfer and T2 relaxometry with an in-house software. MRI of 79 healthy controls was used for comparison. RESULTS: Visual analysis classified 125 patients (62%) as having signs of hippocampal sclerosis and 78 (38%) as having normal MRI findings. Automatic volumetry detected atrophy in 119 (95%) patients with visually detected hippocampal sclerosis and in 10 (13%) with visually normal MR imaging findings. Relaxometry analysis detected hyperintense T2 signal in 103 (82%) patients with visually detected hippocampal sclerosis and in 15 (19%) with visually normal MR imaging findings. Considered together, volumetry plus relaxometry detected signs of hippocampal sclerosis in all except 1 (99%) patient with visually detected hippocampal sclerosis and in 22 (28%) with visually normal MR imaging findings. CONCLUSIONS: In 3T MRI visually inspected by experts, quantification of hippocampal volume and signal can increase the detection of hippocampal sclerosis in 28% of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.
Adaptive image compression for wireless multimedia communication

To enable ubiquitous wireless multimedia communication, the bottlenecks to communicating multimedia data over wireless channels must be addressed. Two significant bottlenecks which need to be overcome are the bandwidth and energy consumption requirements for mobile multimedia communication. In this paper, we address the bandwidth and energy dissipation bottlenecks by adapting the image compression parameters to current communication conditions and constraints. We focus on the JPEG image compression algorithm, and present the results of varying some image compression parameters on energy dissipation, bandwidth required, and quality of image received. We present a methodology for selecting the JPEG image compression parameters in order to minimize energy consumption while meeting latency, bandwidth, and quality of image constraints.
DIFFERENTIATION OF BODY COMPOSITION OF PLAYERS OF THE POLISH NATIONAL BASEBALL TEAM

Цель исследования заключается в выявлении дифференциации состава тела среди игроков бейсбольной сборной Польши по сравнению с людьми одной популяции не профессионально занимающихся спортом. В исследовании приняли участие представители польского бейсбола (n = 20). Возраст участников эксперимента составлял 18-28 лет, масса тела от 67,7 кг до 114 кг (85 ± 10,3 кг), рост 173-196 см (185,1 ± 4,8). Опыт тренировок составлял 7-14 лет с высоким уровнем дифференцированности. Коэффициент полноты является доминирующим фактором среди инфилдеров, питчеров и аутфилдеров. Пропорции отдельных функций в рамках факторов показывают, что игроки характеризуются развитой мускулатурой предплечья и голени и явным преобладанием ширины локтя. Также непропорциональные обхватные размеры фактора - колено и ширина плеч. В фактор длины можно отметить еще вклад длины верхней и нижней конечности и роста. В зависимости от позиции на поле наблюдается дифференциация внутренних пропорций тела.
Compressed Sensing for fMRI: Feasibility Study on the Acceleration of Non-EPI fMRI at 9.4T

Conventional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique known as gradient-recalled echo (GRE) echo-planar imaging (EPI) is sensitive to image distortion and degradation caused by local magnetic field inhomogeneity at high magnetic fields. Non-EPI sequences such as spoiled gradient echo and balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) have been proposed as an alternative high-resolution fMRI technique; however, the temporal resolution of these sequences is lower than the typically used GRE-EPI fMRI. One potential approach to improve the temporal resolution is to use compressed sensing (CS). In this study, we tested the feasibility of k-t FOCUSS—one of the high performance CS algorithms for dynamic MRI—for non-EPI fMRI at 9.4T using the model of rat somatosensory stimulation. To optimize the performance of CS reconstruction, different sampling patterns and k-t FOCUSS variations were investigated. Experimental results show that an optimized k-t FOCUSS algorithm with acceleration by a factor of 4 works well for non-EPI fMRI at high field under various statistical criteria, which confirms that a combination of CS and a non-EPI sequence may be a good solution for high-resolution fMRI at high fields.
Induction of nasal carboxylesterase in F344 rats following inhalation exposure to pyridine.

Carboxylesterases (CEs) in the nasal mucosa metabolize some inhaled esters, including industrially important acrylates and acetates, to toxic acid metabolites that produce site-specific lesions in the nasal epithelium. The metabolic capacity of CEs in the normal nasal mucosa is theoretically sufficient to protect the lower respiratory tract from toxicant-induced injury at concentrations of acrylates and acetates likely to be inhaled in industrial environments. Thus, alterations in the metabolism and toxicity of these substrates would be predicted with changes in the amount or activity of CE in the nasal mucosa. Although many other nasal enzymes have been reported to be relatively refractory to induction, the amount of CE in the nasal mucosa can be increased by inhalant exposure. In the liver, expression of CEs may be elevated in response to exposure to P450 inducers. To examine this phenomenon in the nose with the widely used industrial solvent pyridine, we examined the effect of pyridine inhalation at the threshold limit value concentration of 5 ppm, or at 444 ppm, 6 hr/day for 4 days on the localization and amount of immunoreactive CE in olfactory mucosas of F344/N rats. CE immunoreactivity was increased in Bowman's glands following exposure to 5 or 444 ppm pyridine, and in sustentacular cells most notably following the 5 ppm exposure. Quantitative densitometry showed a statistically significant, dose-related increase in the density of immunoreactive CE in Bowman's glands of pyridine-exposed rats. These results indicate pyridine, and possibly other solvents, can induce nasal CE, an enzyme not directly involved in the metabolism of those solvents, following low-dose, short-term exposure. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Derandomizing Algorithms on Product Distributions and Other Applications of Order-Based Extraction

Getting the deterministic complexity closer to the best known randomized complexity is an important goal in algorithms and communication protocols. In this work, we investigate the case where instead of one input, the algorithm/protocol is given multiple inputs sampled independently from an arbitrary unknown distribution. We show that in this case a strong and generic derandomization result can be obtained by a simple argument. Our method relies on extracting randomness from "same-source" product distributions, which are distributions generated from multiple independent samples from the same source. The extraction process succeeds even for arbitrarily low min-entropy, and is based on the order of the values and not on the values themselves (this may be seen as a generalization of the classical method of Von-Neumann (26) extended by Elias (8) for extracting randomness from a biased coin. ) The tools developed in the paper are generic, and can be used in several other problems. We present applica- tions to streaming algorithms, and to implicit probe search (9). We also refine our method to handle product distributions, where the i'th sample comes from one of several arbitrary unknown distributions. This requires creating a new set of tools, which may also be of independent interest.
Building a Large-Scale Annotated Chinese Corpus

In this paper we address issues related to building a large-scale Chinese corpus. We try to answer four questions: (i) how to speed up annotation, (ii) how to maintain high annotation quality, (iii) for what purposes is the corpus applicable, and finally (iv) what future work we anticipate.
Culture & Cognition in a Complex Megaorganization: Implications for Military Leadership

Abstract : How can America better win the hearts and minds of people from such distant civilizations and traditions as Mghanistan since the use of traditional military force as hard power has not worked? Nye (2008) argued that the crisis in the Middle East points to the ineffectiveness of hard power and thus, other elements of power should be employed. Nye offered that global situations require a judicious combination of hard power that attempts to coerce and soft power that seeks to persuade. This integration becomes effectively SMARr power designed to achieve strategic goals and interests. While the U.S. expends significant time, efforts and resources on the coercive elements of national power to keep its military without peer, the nation has tended to pay less attention to the softer elements of national power, which require awareness of cultural aspects in order to have successful combat operations and for the conduct of subsequent nation-building activities. We contend that cognitive influence on culture as part of soft power is another tool the military can develop to advance national security interests. This paper expands the notion of soft power into the realm of international relations.
A Novel Human Computation Game for Critique Aggregation

We present a human computation game based on the popular board game - Dixit. We ask the players not only for annotations, but for a direct critique of the result of an automated system. We present the results of the initial run of the game, in which the answers of 15 players were used to profile the mistakes of an aspect-based opinion mining system. We show that the gameplay allowed us to identify the major faults of the extracted opinions. The players' actions thus helped improve the opinion extraction algorithm.
CSI 2264: CHARACTERIZING YOUNG STARS IN NGC 2264 WITH STOCHASTICALLY VARYING LIGHT CURVES

We provide CoRoT and Spitzer light curves and other supporting data for 17 classical T Tauri stars in NGC 2264 whose CoRoT light curves exemplify the “stochastic” light curve class as defined in 2014 by Cody et al. The most probable physical mechanism to explain the optical variability within this light curve class is time-dependent mass accretion onto the stellar photosphere, producing transient hot spots. Where we have appropriate spectral data, we show that the veiling variability in these stars is consistent in both amplitude and timescale with the optical light curve morphology. The veiling variability is also well-correlated with the strength of the He i 6678 Å emission line, predicted by models to arise in accretion shocks on or near the stellar photosphere. Stars with accretion burst light curve morphology also have variable mass accretion. The stochastic and accretion burst light curves can both be explained by a simple model of randomly occurring flux bursts, with the stochastic light curve class having a higher frequency of lower amplitude events. Members of the stochastic light curve class have only moderate mass accretion rates. Their Hα profiles usually have blueshifted absorption features, probably originating in a disk wind. The lack of periodic signatures in the light curves suggests that little of the variability is due to long-lived hot spots rotating into or out of our line of sight; instead, the primary driver of the observed photometric variability is likely to be instabilities in the inner disk that lead to variable mass accretion.
Analysis of Gene-Gene Interactions among Common Variants in Candidate Cardiovascular Genes in Coronary Artery Disease

Objective Only a small fraction of coronary artery disease (CAD) heritability has been explained by common variants identified to date. Interactions between genes of importance to cardiovascular regulation may account for some of the missing heritability of CAD. This study aimed to investigate the role of gene-gene interactions in common variants in candidate cardiovascular genes in CAD. Approach and Results 2,101 patients with CAD from the British Heart Foundation Family Heart Study and 2,426 CAD-free controls were included in the discovery cohort. All subjects were genotyped with the Illumina HumanCVD BeadChip enriched for genes and pathways relevant to the cardiovascular system and disease. The primary analysis in the discovery cohort examined pairwise interactions among 913 common (minor allele frequency >0.1) independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with at least nominal association with CAD in single locus analysis. A secondary exploratory interaction analysis was performed among all 11,332 independent common SNPs surviving quality control criteria. Replication analyses were conducted in 2,967 patients and 3,075 controls from the Myocardial Infarction Genetics Consortium. None of the interactions amongst 913 SNPs analysed in the primary analysis was statistically significant after correction for multiple testing (required P<1.2x10-7). Similarly, none of the pairwise gene-gene interactions in the secondary analysis reached statistical significance after correction for multiple testing (required P = 7.8x10-10). None of 36 suggestive interactions from the primary analysis or 31 interactions from the secondary analysis was significant in the replication cohort. Our study had 80% power to detect odds ratios > 1.7 for common variants in the primary analysis. Conclusions Moderately large additive interactions between common SNPs in genes relevant to cardiovascular disease do not appear to play a major role in genetic predisposition to CAD. The role of genetic interactions amongst less common SNPs and with medium and small magnitude effects remain to be investigated.
A high-throughput 5 Gbps timing and jitter test module featuring localized processing

A compact timing and jitter test system that leverages custom integrated circuit measurement methods and localized test result processing is presented. It consists of five timing measurement units (TMU) and five timing generation units (TGU) as well as hardware digital processing units for local test result processing or parameter extraction. The TMU channels rely on a component-invariant vernier-delay measurement circuit and the TGU channels rely on linear programmable delay circuitry. The system supports both LVDS and CML highspeed digital interface standards at rates of up to 5 Gbps. This solution occupies 3"/spl times/4" of board area, which makes it suitable for placement on the DUT-board. It has a relative delay generation resolution of 3 ps at 5 Gbps, and is capable of autonomous, platform-independent pass-fail testing.
Optical ow estimation for multi-channel video sequences

This paper presents a technique for multi-channel optical ow estimation. We combine the brightness constancy constraint with the relationship between optical ow elds and disparity elds in estimating optical ow elds by solving systems of linear equations. In this formulation, the so called round-about compatibility constraint is used to ensure the coherence between optical ow elds and to pin down the tangential components of optical ow vectors which are undiscernible from the rst order intensity derivatives. Since disparity information is used to assist optical ow estimation here, a reliable disparity eld estimator is required. The disparity elds are recovered using a Disparity Space Image (DSI) technique. We also discuss the sensitivity of this technique when the essential parallel-axes camera con guration assumption is violated. Experiments show that the technique is very promising for practical applications. keywords: optical ow, disparity, disparity space image, multi-channel video sequences, round-about compatibility
Education does not equally influence all the Mini Mental State Examination subscales and items: inferences from a Brazilian community sample.

OBJECTIVE Mini-Mental State Examination cutoffs have been presented for schooling levels to screen cognitive impairment. However, items may behave differently with regards to education. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of education on MMSE subscales and items. METHOD Community-dwelling participants aged 65 years or more (n = 990, females = 637, age = 74.1 years, range 65-108) were stratified as illiterate (n = 373), 1-8 (n = 540), 9-12 (n = 63), and more than 12 years of schooling (n = 14) and were screened with MMSE and Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire. To make the Mini-Mental State Examination items comparable, each item was transformed into z scores. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the effect of schooling on MMSE subs and items controlling for age, sex, and activities of daily life. RESULTS Temporal and space orientation, attention/calculation, repetition, reading, writing, and drawing scores improved as education increased, but not memory registration, three step command, and naming. Reading and writing displayed the largest coefficients, whereas education exerted no influence on naming and three step command tasks. CONCLUSION Education does not exert an important effect on naming, three step command, memory registration, and delayed recall. As memory is a key factor for diagnosing dementia, these items could be considered despite education.
Rapid activity‐dependent delivery of the neurotrophic protein CPG15 to the axon surface of neurons in intact Xenopus tadpoles

CPG15 (aka neuritin) is an activity‐induced GPI‐anchored axonal protein that promotes dendritic and axonal growth, and accelerates synaptic maturation in vivo. Here we show that CPG15 is distributed inside axons and on the axon surface. CPG15 is trafficked to and from the axonal surface by membrane depolarization. To assess CPG15 trafficking in vivo, we expressed an ecliptic pHluorin (EP)‐CPG15 fusion protein in optic tectal explants and in retinal ganglion cells of intact Xenopus tadpoles. Depolarization by KCl increased EP‐CPG15 fluorescence on axons. Intraocular kainic acid (KA) injection rapidly increased cell‐surface EP‐CPG15 in retinotectal axons, but coinjection of TTX and KA did not. Consistent with this, we find that intracellular CPG15 is localized to vesicles and endosomes in presynaptic terminals and colocalizes with synaptic vesicle proteins. The results indicate that the delivery of the neurotrophic protein CPG15 to the axon surface can be regulated on a rapid time scale by activity‐dependent mechanisms in vivo. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Study of Target Face Search Algorithm for Video Advertisement

Retrieving the wanted contents within large amount of video quickly is one of the key technologies of advertisement recognition. This paper analyzed the principle of AdaBoost algorithm and SURF matching algorithm, and designed a system of target face retrieving. The Adaboost algorithm was used to detect the faces from video key flames, and SURF matching algorithm was used to match the targeted face in a video. This system especially solved the matching problem for the changed targeted face brought by the different angle of view and scale in the video. This work was programmed by C# language in the environment of Visual Studio 2010 and EmguCV. The experimental results showed that the system could retrieve the appearing time of the target face accurately, and it was easy to be operated and was with a certain robustness and practicability.
An Internet Protocol Address Clustering Algorithm

We pose partitioning a b-bit Internet Protocol (IP) address space as a supervised learning task. Given (IP, property) labeled training data, we develop an IPspecific clustering algorithm that provides accurate predictions for unknown addresses in O(b) run time. Our method offers a natural means to penalize model complexity, limit memory consumption, and is amenable to a non-stationary environment. Against a live Internet latency data set, the algorithm outperforms IP-naive learning methods and is fast in practice. Finally, we show the model's ability to detect structural and temporal changes, a crucial step in learning amid Internet dynamics.