Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS OF TIDALLY DISRUPTED SOLAR-TYPE STARS AND THE OBSERVATIONAL SIGNATURES OF SHOCK BREAKOUT

We describe a three-dimensional simulation of a 1 M☉ solar-type star approaching a 106 M☉ black hole on a parabolic orbit with a pericenter distance well within the tidal radius. While falling toward the black hole, the star is not only stretched along the orbital direction but also even more severely compressed at right angles to the orbit. The overbearing degree of compression achieved shortly after pericenter leads to the production of strong shocks that largely homogenize the temperature profile of the star, resulting in surface temperatures comparable to the initial temperature of the star's core. This phenomenon, which precedes the fallback accretion phase, gives rise to a unique double-peaked X-ray signature that, if detected, may be one of the few observable diagnostics of how stars behave under the influence of strong gravitational fields. If ∼106 M☉ black holes were prevalent in small or even dwarf galaxies, the nearest of such flares may be detectable by EXIST from no further away than the Virgo Cluster.
Genetic Evidence that the α5 Helix of the Receiver Domain of PhoB Is Involved in Interdomain Interactions

ABSTRACT Two-component signaling proteins are involved in transducing environmental stimuli into intracellular signals. Information is transmitted through a phosphorylation cascade that consists of a histidine protein kinase and a response regulator protein. Generally, response regulators are made up of a receiver domain and an output domain. Phosphorylation of the receiver domain modulates the activity of the output domain. The mechanisms by which receiver domains control the activities of their respective output domains are unknown. To address this question for the PhoB protein from Escherichia coli, we have employed two separate genetic approaches, deletion analysis and domain swapping. In-frame deletions were generated within the phoB gene, and the phenotypes of the mutants were analyzed. The output domain, by itself, retained significant ability to activate transcription of the phoA gene. However, another deletion mutant that contained the C-terminal α-helix of the receiver domain (α5) in addition to the entire output domain was unable to activate transcription of phoA. This result suggests that the α5 helix of the receiver domain interacts with and inhibits the output domain. We also constructed two chimeric proteins that join various parts of the chemotaxis response regulator, CheY, to PhoB. A chimera that joins the N-terminal ∼85% of CheY's receiver domain to the β5-α5 loop of PhoB's receiver domain displayed phosphorylation-dependent activity. The results from both sets of experiments suggest that the regulation of PhoB involves the phosphorylation-mediated modulation of inhibitory contacts between the α5 helix of its unphosphorylated receiver domain and its output domain.
Intention-based Corrective Feedback Generation using Context-aware Model

In order to facilitate language acquisition, when language learners speak incomprehensible utterances, a Dialog-based Computer Assisted Language Learning (DB-CALL) system should provide matching fluent utterances by inferring the actual learner’s intention both from the utterance itself and from the dialog context as human tutors do. We propose a hybrid inference model that allows a practical and principled way of separating the utterance model and the dialog context model so that only the utterance model needs to be adjusted for each fluency level. Also, we propose a feedback generation method that provides native-like utterances by searching Example Expression Database using the inferred intention. In experiments, our hybrid model outperformed the utterance only model. Also, from the increased dialog completion rate, we can conclude that our method is suitable to produce appropriate feedback even when the learner's utterances are highly incomprehensible. This is because the dialog context model effectively confines candidate intentions within the given context.
A Comparison of the Positive Effects of Structured and Nonstructured Art Activities

Abstract This study compared the effects of 2 art activities (structured and nonstructured) and a focused breathing exercise on outcome measures of mindfulness, anxiety, and affect. Seventy-seven participants, recruited from university students and the general public, were randomly assigned to either 15 min of coloring a mandala (structured), free drawing (nonstructured), or a focused breathing exercise. Results demonstrated that all 3 interventions produced significant improvements in the outcome measures at posttest compared with pretest. However, no significant differences were found across the 3 intervention conditions. These findings inform the design of brief interventions aimed at achieving short-term positive psychological benefits in nonclinical populations.
TPX2 regulates neuronal morphology through kinesin‐5 interaction

TPX2 (targeting protein for Xklp2) is a multifunctional mitotic spindle assembly factor that in mammalian cells localizes and regulates mitotic motor protein kinesin‐5 (also called Eg5 or kif11). We previously showed that upon depletion or inhibition of kinesin‐5 in cultured neurons, microtubule movements increase, resulting in faster growing axons and thinner dendrites. Here, we show that depletion of TPX2 from cultured neurons speeds their rate of process outgrowth, similarly to kinesin‐5 inhibition. The phenotype is rescued by TPX2 re‐expression, but not if TPX2's kinesin‐5‐interacting domain is deleted. These results, together with studies showing a spike in TPX2 expression during dendritic differentiation, suggest that the levels and distribution of TPX2 are likely to be determinants of when and where kinesin‐5 acts in neurons. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intuitive visualization method for locating off-screen objects inspired by motion perception in peripheral vision

This paper describes an intuitive user interface (UI) that guides and attracts a user's attention toward off-screen objects using a vibrating icon. Mobile augmented reality is often used for finding various annotations that are overlaid on a real world image, such as operating instructions for maintenance and inspection. However, owing to the limited scope of the device screen, it is difficult for the user to convey annotations located off-screen. In this work, we focused on motion perception and cognition properties and attempted to show off-screen information intuitively using a simple approach. To achieve the intuitive off-screen information display, we used the motion of a small, circular, vibrating icon. Experiments with tasks involving locating an off-screen target and memorizing numbers were conducted to evaluate the usability of the proposed guidance UI. The results show that users using the proposed UI can locate a target more quickly, memorize numbers more precisely, and provided a high user satisfaction more easily, than with other conventional guidance UIs.
Lipid-lowering for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb.

BACKGROUND Lipid-lowering therapy is recommended for secondary prevention in people with coronary artery disease. It may also reduce cardiovascular events and/or local disease progression in people with lower limb peripheral arterial disease (PAD). OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of lipid-lowering therapy on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events and local disease progression in patients with PAD of the lower limb. SEARCH STRATEGY The authors searched The Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group's Specialised Register (last searched February 2007) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (last searched Issue 2, 2007) for publications describing randomised controlled trials of lipid-lowering therapy in peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of lipid-lowering therapy in patients with PAD of the lower limb. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Eighteen trials were included, involving a total of 10,049 participants. Trials differed considerably in their inclusion criteria, outcomes measured, and type of lipid-lowering therapy used. Only one trial (PQRST) reported a detrimental effect of active treatment on blood lipid/lipoprotein levels. The pooled results from all eligible trials indicated that lipid-lowering therapy had no statistically significant effect on overall mortality (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.86; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.49 to 1.50) or on total cardiovascular events (OR 0.8; 95% CI 0.59 to 1.09). However, subgroup analysis which excluded PQRST showed that lipid-lowering therapy significantly reduced the risk of total cardiovascular events (OR 0.74; CI 0.55 to 0.98). This was primarily due to a positive effect on total coronary events (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.87). Greatest evidence of effectiveness came from the use of simvastatin in people with a blood cholesterol >/= 3.5 mmol/litre (HPS). Pooling of the results from several small trials on a range of different lipid-lowering agents indicated an improvement in total walking distance (Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) 152 m; 95% CI 32.11 to 271.88) and pain-free walking distance (WMD 89.76 m; 95% CI 30.05 to 149.47) but no significant impact on ankle brachial index (WMD 0.04; 95% CI -0.01 to 0.09). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Lipid-lowering therapy is effective in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in people with PAD. It may also improve local symptoms. Until further evidence on the relative effectiveness of different lipid-lowering agents is available, use of a statin in people with PAD and a blood cholesterol level >/=3.5 mmol/litre is most indicated.
SMART: An Integrated Multi-Action Advisor for Storage Systems

The designers of clustered file systems, storage resource management software and storage virtualization devices are trying to provide the necessary planning functionality in their products to facilitate the invocation of the appropriate corrective actions in order to satisfy user specified service level objectives (SLOs). However, most existing approaches only perform planning for a single type of action such as workload throttling, or data migration, or addition of new resources. As will be shown in this paper, single action based plans are not always cost effective. In this paper we present a framework SMART that considers multiple types of corrective actions in an integrated manner and generates a combined corrective action schedule. Furthermore, often times, the best cost-effective schedule for a one-week lookahead could be different from the best cost-effective schedule for a one-year lookahead. An advantage of the SMART framework is that it considers this lookahead time window in coming up with its corrective action schedules. Finally, another key advantage of this framework is that it has a built-in mechanism to handle unexpected surges in workloads. We have implemented our framework and algorithm as part of a clustered file system and performed various experiments to show the benefits of our approach.
SHIN ABox Reduction

We propose a technique to make consistency detection scalable for large Aboxes in secondary storage. We use static analysis of knowledge representation with summarization techniques to produce a dramatically reduced proxy Abox. We show that the proxy Abox is consistent only if the original Abox is also consistent. We also show that, in practice, our techniques dramatically reduce the time and space requirements for consistency detection.
Lisp { Almost a whole Truth ! Research Report

Lisp is well known for its metacircular deenitions. They diier by their intent (what they want to prove), their means (what linguistic features are allowed for the deenition) and by their scope (what linguistic features are described). This paper provides a new metacircular deenition for a complete Lisp system including traditionally neglected features such as cons, read, print and error. The programming style adopted for this interpreter is inspired both by denotational semantics and its continuation passing style (to explain continuation handling) and by the object oriented paradigm as highlighted by type-driven generic functions. The resulting interpreter lessens the number of primitives it uses to only eight: car, cdr, rplaca, rplacd, eq, read-char, write-char and end, while still providing Scheme-like essential capabilities (less arithmetic). The overall size is near 500 lines of fully encapsulated code that, if eeciency is not the main requirement, can be easily turned into a stand alone program. Since the birth of Lisp, the art of the interpreter has always been considered as one of the major Lisp rites. Ranging from very simple McCarthy 78] to more complex Rees & Clinger 86], a Lisp interpreter is a must of many courses, many books Abelson & Sussman 85, Dybvig 87, Queinnec 84, Winston 88, : : : ] and many articles Friedman & Wand 84, Reynolds 72, : : : ]. The success of this cult is due to | (i) the amazing simplicity that can have such interpreters | (ii) the pedagogical beneets of either reading or writing such descriptions | (iii) the overall conndence given to the writer of such a program that s/he has now fully mastered the language. Interpreters also provide an interesting way to design variants of Lisp Steele & Sussman 78, des Rivieres & Smith 84]. They truly are speciications of languages Reynolds 72] from which can be derived compilers Clinger 84] or entire systems Brooks & Gabriel & Steele 82, Saint James 87]. Without quantifying their intentions (pedagogy Kessler 88], proof length Boyer & Moore 82] or even graphics Lakin 80]) a taxonomy of these interpreters can be attempted along two main axis, see gure 1: the speciied language (given to the user), the language for the speciication (allowed for the implementer). These axis are mere abstractions since power of languages is diicult to appreciate and is probably more related to trees than to straight lines. For example, allowing assignment …
The Emergence of Explicit Knowledge in a Serial Reaction Time Task: The Role of Experienced Fluency and Strength of Representation

The Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) is an important paradigm to study the properties of unconscious learning processes. One specifically interesting and still controversially discussed topic are the conditions under which unconsciously acquired knowledge becomes conscious knowledge. The different assumptions about the underlying mechanisms can contrastively be separated into two accounts: single system views in which the strengthening of associative weights throughout training gradually turns implicit knowledge into explicit knowledge, and dual system views in which implicit knowledge itself does not become conscious. Rather, it requires a second process which detects changes in performance and is able to acquire conscious knowledge. In a series of three experiments, we manipulated the arrangement of sequential and deviant trials. In an SRTT training, participants either received mini-blocks of sequential trials followed by mini-blocks of deviant trials (22 trials each) or they received sequential and deviant trials mixed randomly. Importantly the number of correct and deviant transitions was the same for both conditions. Experiment 1 showed that both conditions acquired a comparable amount of implicit knowledge, expressed in different test tasks. Experiment 2 further demonstrated that both conditions differed in their subjectively experienced fluency of the task, with more fluency experienced when trained with mini-blocks. Lastly, Experiment 3 revealed that the participants trained with longer mini-blocks of sequential and deviant material developed more explicit knowledge. Results are discussed regarding their compatibility with different assumptions about the emergence of explicit knowledge in an implicit learning situation, especially with respect to the role of metacognitive judgements and more specifically the Unexpected-Event Hypothesis.
Syntactic Annotation Guidelines for the Quranic Arabic Dependency Treebank

The Quranic Arabic Dependency Treebank (QADT) is part of the Quranic Arabic Corpus (http://corpus.quran.com), an online linguistic resource organized by the University of Leeds, and developed through online collaborative annotation. The website has become a popular study resource for Arabic and the Quran, and is now used by over 1,500 researchers and students daily. This paper presents the treebank, explains the choice of syntactic representation, and highlights key parts of the annotation guidelines. The text being analyzed is the Quran, the central religious book of Islam, written in classical Quranic Arabic (c. 600 CE). To date, all 77,430 words of the Quran have a manually verified morphological analysis, and syntactic analysis is in progress. 11,000 words of Quranic Arabic have been syntactically annotated as part of a gold standard treebank. Annotation guidelines are especially important to promote consistency for a corpus which is being developed through online collaboration, since often many people will participate from different backgrounds and with different levels of linguistic expertise. The treebank is available online for collaborative correction to improve accuracy, with suggestions reviewed by expert Arabic linguists, and compared against existing published books of Quranic Syntax.
Content Sharing in a Social Broadcasting Environment: Evidence from Twitter

The rise of social broadcasting technologies has greatly facilitated open access to information worldwide, not only by powering decentralized information production and consumption, but also by expediting information diffusion through social interactions like content sharing. Voluntary information sharing by users in the context of Twitter, the predominant social broadcasting site, is studied by modeling both the technology and user behavior. A detailed data set about the official content-sharing function on Twitter, called retweet, is collected and the statistical relationships between users' social network characteristics and their retweeting acts are documented. A two-stage consumption-sharing model is then estimated using the conditional maximum likelihood estimatio (MLE) method. The empirical results convincingly support our hypothesis that weak ties (in the form of unidirectional links) are more likely to engage in the social exchange process of content sharing. Specifically, we find that after a median quality tweet (as defined in the sample) is consumed, the likelihood that a unidirectional follower will retweet is 3.1 percentage point higher than the likelihood that a bidirectional follower will do so.
Efficient scene parsing by sampling unary potentials in a fully-connected CRF

Efficient, fully-connected CRF inference enables fast semantic labelling of images. However, this requires high-quality unary potentials to be computed, which is currently time-consuming. While some recent work attempts to address this issue by only computing a subset of unary potentials, a need remains for a simple, fast way to decide which unary potentials should be computed, without sacrificing accuracy. In particular, for embedded applications, a method which avoids time or memory-intensive operations is desired. In this paper, we introduce an approach to selecting good locations to compute unary potentials. We implement an efficient morphological approach to select a small proportion of pixel locations where unary potentials will be calculated. The speed of our labelling method allows us to directly search a large parameter space to optimize our method for a given task. We show that our method can achieve comparable accuracy to what can be achieved when all unary potentials are calculated, with significant time saving. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to tune our method to yield improved accuracy for certain classes of interest. We demonstrate this over multiple datasets representing challenging applications for our approach.
A GEOBIA Methodology for Fragmented Agricultural Landscapes

Very high resolution remotely sensed images are an important tool for monitoring fragmented agricultural landscapes, which allows farmers and policy makers to make better decisions regarding management practices. An object-based methodology is proposed for automatic generation of thematic maps of the available classes in the scene, which combines edge-based and superpixel processing for small agricultural parcels. The methodology employs superpixels instead of pixels as minimal processing units, and provides a link between them and meaningful objects (obtained by the edge-based method) in order to facilitate the analysis of parcels. Performance analysis on a scene dominated by agricultural small parcels indicates that the combination of both superpixel and edge-based methods achieves a classification accuracy slightly better than when those methods are performed separately and comparable to the accuracy of traditional object-based analysis, with automatic approach.
Muse Cells: Nontumorigenic Pluripotent Stem Cells Present in Adult Tissues—A Paradigm Shift in Tissue Regeneration and Evolution

Muse cells are a novel population of nontumorigenic pluripotent stem cells, highly resistant to cellular stress. These cells are present in every connective tissue and intrinsically express pluripotent stem markers such as Nanog, Oct3/4, Sox2, and TRA1-60. Muse cells are able to differentiate into cells from all three embryonic germ layers both spontaneously and under media-specific induction. Unlike ESCs and iPSCs, Muse cells exhibit low telomerase activity and asymmetric division and do not undergo tumorigenesis or teratoma formation when transplanted into a host organism. Muse cells have a high capacity for homing into damaged tissue and spontaneous differentiation into cells of compatible tissue, leading to tissue repair and functional restoration. The ability of Muse cells to restore tissue function may demonstrate the role of Muse cells in a highly conserved cellular mechanism related to cell survival and regeneration, in response to cellular stress and acute injury. From an evolutionary standpoint, genes pertaining to the regenerative capacity of an organism have been lost in higher mammals from more primitive species. Therefore, Muse cells may offer insight into the molecular and evolutionary bases of autonomous tissue regeneration and elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms that prevent mammals from regenerating limbs and organs, as planarians, newts, zebrafish, and salamanders do.
KEY MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

The way that is used to achieve most important security requirements is the cryptography. Cryptography mainly depends on what is called cryptography keys; the cryptographic keys required to be managed by using a robustness technique that guarantees the needed security requirements. So first of all, the necessary keys need to be distributed to the nodes before they are disseminated in the target area, and then let the sensors that need to communicate establish its secure communication by having a deal on what is called pair-wise key, and allow the refreshment process for those keys to be occurred successfully when it is needed, and finally, having the ability to revoke the keys that related to compromised nodes. These phases are performing the process that is called Key Management. In this paper we will explain different key management schemes, critique them theoretically, and propose an idea as a way out for the expected problems in one of these schemes.