Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Participants’ views of the potential of international youth football tournaments for development in the Global South

Abstract This paper investigates the potential of international youth football tournaments for youth development in the Global South. The tournaments under study were East Africa Cup in Tanzania, and Norway Cup in Norway. Through qualitative interviews with tournament participants, we addressed the following research question: What are the participant’s views of the potentials of Norway Cup and East Africa Cup in dealing with development issues facing youth in the Global South? Our findings demonstrate that all interviewees consider the tournaments potentially beneficial for youth development in the Global South. In the analysis, we identified four different categories, mostly representing positive outcomes of tournament participation. We argue that a functionalist neo-liberal notion of sport is visible in the data material. Thus, our findings correspond with Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) research showing how reproductions of the SDP functionalist discourse ‘continue to be leveraged through sport and sealed into the success story of SDP’.
Feasibility of Imaging Esophageal Cancer with Labeled Somatostatin Analogue

Background. While the surface of a cell normally has some amount of somatostatin receptors, these receptors are overexpressed to a very high degree in multiple neoplastic diseases. No data exist for esophageal carcinoma. Purpose. To find out whether esophageal carcinoma could be imaged using somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Material and Methods. 34 patients with esophageal lesions were prospectively examined by (99m)Tc-depreotide scintigraphy 2 and 4 hours after injection. Quantitative evaluation of (99m)Tc-depreotide uptake was performed around the lesion (T) and in healthy lung parenchyma (B). The relative uptake was calculated as T-B/B. Scintigraphy results were compared with histopathology from surgery or biopsy specimens from endoscopic ultrasonography. Results. 21 patients had esophageal cancer, and 13 lesions were benign. Visual assessment revealed positive (99m)Tc-depreotide uptake in 16 of the 21 cancers. The 13 patients without cancer had no depreotide uptake. The Mann-Whitney U test showed a statistically significant difference (P < .005) between (99m)Tc-depreotide uptake in malignant and benign lesions, for both the 2-hour and the 4-hour measurements. Conclusion. Scintigraphic examination with (99m)Tc-depreotide is feasible for imaging esophageal cancer, but the method is not suitable neither for screening or primary diagnosis, because of methods modest sensitivity. Our first results showed high specificity which should be used with caution, as the number of patients was relatively low. Further studies are needed to determine the role of the method.
Investigation of the effectiveness of a split sleep schedule in sustaining sleep and maintaining performance

Shift work is common in today’s society, and is associated with negative health outcomes, and accidents and incidents. These detrimental effects can be primarily attributed to sleeping and working at an adverse circadian time. The aim of this study was to examine whether a split sleep schedule is as effective as a consolidated day shift or night shift schedule for maintaining performance and sustaining sleep. Fifty-three healthy male volunteers (mean ± SD age = 26.51 ± 4.07 years) underwent a randomized three condition study design. A split sleep condition involving two 5-h sleeping opportunities in 24 h [time in bed (TIB) 0300 h–0800 h and 1500 h–2000 h] was compared to a 10-h consolidated nighttime sleep (TIB 2200 h–0800 h) and 10-h consolidated daytime sleep (TIB 1000 h–2000 h). All participants underwent a baseline period of 10 h of nocturnal time in bed (TIB) followed by a 5-d simulated workweek spent in one of the three conditions. Polysomnography, psychomotor vigilance task, digit-symbol substitution task and subjective state were assessed. During the 5-d simulated workweek, participants in the nighttime sleep condition slept the most (total sleep time per day (TST) 8.4 h ± 13.4 min), followed by the split sleep condition (TST 7.16 h ± 14.2 min) and the daytime sleep condition (TST 6.4 h ± 15.3 min). Subjective sleepiness was highest in the daytime sleep condition and lowest in the nighttime sleep condition. No significant differences in performance were observed between the conditions. Compared to a nighttime consolidated sleep opportunity or split sleep, placement of a consolidated sleep opportunity during the day yielded truncated sleep and increased sleepiness. Further research in real-world situations is warranted to fully assess the efficacy of alternative split sleep schedules for improving safety and productivity.
Impact of sociodemographic characteristics of applicants in multiple mini-interviews

Abstract Background: Multiple mini-interviews (MMI) are commonly used for medical school admission. This study aimed to assess if sociodemographic characteristics are associated with MMI performance, and how they may act as barriers or enablers to communication in MMI. Methods: This mixed-method study combined data from a sociodemographic questionnaire, MMI scores, semi-structured interviews and focus groups with applicants and assessors. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and a thematic framework analysis. Results: 1099 applicants responded to the questionnaire. A regression model (R2 = 0.086) demonstrated that being age 25–29 (β = 0.11, p = 0.001), female and a French-speaker (β = 0.22, p = 0.003) were associated with better MMI scores. Having an Asian-born parent was associated with a lower score (β = −0.12, p < 0.001). Candidates reporting a higher family income had higher MMI scores. In the qualitative data, participants discussed how maturity and financial support improved life experiences, how language could act as a barrier, and how ethnocultural differences could lead to misunderstandings. Conclusion: Age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and language seem to be associated with applicants’ MMI scores because of perceived differences in communications skills and life experiences. Monitoring this association may provide guidance to improve fairness of MMI stations.
Four physician communication styles in routine japanese outpatient medical encounters

BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored how physicians approach medical encounters in Japan. OBJECTIVE: This study examined how Japanese physicians conduct routine medical encounters in the context of outpatient care to patients with nonmalignant disorders. DESIGN: Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and direct observation. SETTING: The outpatient department of a general hospital located in an urban area of Japan. PARTICIPANTS: Physicians and nurses providing care and patients receiving care for nonmalignant disorders. RESULTS: A 2-dimensional model was developed, with patient communication (how physician interacted with patients) along 1 axis, and nurse communication (how physicians collaborated with nursing staff) along the other axis. Four physician communication styles (individually adaptive, individually defined, collaboratively adaptive, and collaboratively defined) were identified as typical ways in which the Japanese physicians in the sample interacted with patients and nurses during routine medical encounters. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest the need for amultiprovider-patient model of medical communication among physician, nurse, and patient. Further research is needed to establish the applicability of this model to the communication styles of physicians in other countries.
Morality and the Market: Consumer Pressure for Corporate Accountability.

Part One: Ethical Purchase Behaviour and the Social Control of Business 1. Capitalism and Consumer Sovereignty 2. Social Control of Business: Corporate Social Responsibility 3. Social Control of Business: From Responsibility and Philanthropy to Accountability 4. Pressure Groups and Pluralism 5. The Boycott Tactic 6. Pressure Groups in the Marketing System Part Two: The Use and Effects of Consumer Boycotts 7. Consumer Boycotts of Business 8. Consumer Boycott Case Studies 9. Effectiveness in the Use of Boycotts and Management Responses 10. Conclusions.
Affection Recognition by GSR Signal Use a Improved K-nearest Neighbor Algorithm

For afiection recognition problems of GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) signal, this paper presents a method of afiection recognition based on a improved K-nearest neighbor algorithm. In this research, on the flrst step, the group collected 175 participants’ GSR signals on the test of emotional arousal which was acquired in the lab environment; then used the Batterworth low pass fllter to remove GSR signals noise, and extracted the original features of GSR signals at the same time; then recognized the flve feelings of happiness, sadness, fear, anger and calm with the improved K- nearest neighbor classifler. The experimental results show that the method can improves the accuracy of identiflcation indeed.
Minimum-Time Motion Planning for Iso-scallop Trajectories on Smooth Manifold Surfaces

For the merits of iso-scallop trajectories on smooth manifold surfaces, i.e., high efficiency, longer element and few elements, S-Curve profile is employed to realize minimum-time motion planning in the paper. First of all, the trajectory models of line segment, circle segment and NURBS segment are discussed. Next, the acceleration, velocity and displacement equations of S-curve profile are described with piecewise integrations. For the length of trajectories is predetermined by the cutter location files, the minimum-time motion planning has changed to find feasible and highest velocities limited by the trajectory curvature of each element, connections between trajectories and properties of machine tools. Thirdly, a time model software Time Model App is developed to encapsulate the complex motion planning process and predict the machining time. The prediction is better in calculation accuracy and versatile in the element types than the reported Kim model.
Energy expenditure and clearing snow: a comparison of shovel and snow pusher.

In order to assess the energy demands of manual clearing of snow, nine men did snow clearing work for 15 min with a shovel and a snow pusher. The depth of the snowcover was 400-600 mm representing a very heavy snowfall. Heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), pulmonary ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (R), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were determined during the work tasks. HR, VE, R, and RPE were not significantly different between the shovel and snow pusher. HR averaged (+/- SD) 141 +/- 20 b min-1 with the shovel, and 142 +/- 19 beats.min-1 with the snow pusher. VO2 was 2.1 +/- 0.41. min-1 (63 +/- 12%VO2 max) in shovelling and 2.6 +/- 0.51. min-1 (75 +/- 14%VO2max) in snow pushing (p < 0.001). In conclusion manual clearing of snow in conditions representing heavy snowfalls was found to be strenuous physical work, not suitable for persons with cardiac risk factors, but which may serve as a mode of physical training in healthy adults.
Sustained Reperfusion after Blockade of Glycoprotein-Receptor-Ib in Focal Cerebral Ischemia: An MRI Study at 17.6 Tesla

Background Inhibition of early platelet adhesion by blockade of glycoprotein-IB (GPIb) protects mice from ischemic stroke. To elucidate underlying mechanisms in-vivo, infarct development was followed by ultra-high field MRI at 17.6 Tesla. Methods Cerebral infarction was induced by transient-middle-cerebral-artery-occlusion (tMCAO) for 1 hour in C57/BL6 control mice (N = 10) and mice treated with 100 µg Fab-fragments of the GPIb blocking antibody p0p/B 1 h after tMCAO (N = 10). To control for the effect of reperfusion, additional mice underwent permanent occlusion and received anti-GPIb treatment (N = 6; pMCAO) or remained without treatment (N = 3; pMCAO). MRI 2 h and 24 h after MCAO measured cerebral-blood-flow (CBF) by continuous arterial-spin labelling, the apparent-diffusion-coefficient (ADC), quantitative-T2 and T2-weighted imaging. All images were registered to a standard mouse brain MRI atlas and statistically analysed voxel-wise, and by cortico-subcortical ROI analysis. Results Anti-GPIb treatment led to a relative increase of postischemic CBF vs. controls in the cortical territory of the MCA (2 h: 44.2±6.9 ml/100 g/min versus 24 h: 60.5±8.4; p = 0.0012, F(1,18) = 14.63) after tMCAO. Subcortical CBF 2 h after tMCAO was higher in anti-GPIb treated animals (45.3±5.9 vs. controls: 33.6±4.3; p = 0.04). In both regions, CBF findings were clearly related to a lower probability of infarction (Cortex/Subcortex of treated group: 35%/65% vs. controls: 95%/100%) and improved quantitative-T2 and ADC. After pMCAO, anti-GPIb treated mice developed similar infarcts preceded by severe irreversible hypoperfusion as controls after tMCAO indicating dependency of stroke protection on reperfusion. Conclusion Blockade of platelet adhesion by anti-GPIb-Fab-fragments results in substantially improved CBF early during reperfusion. This finding was in exact spatial correspondence with the prevention of cerebral infarction and indicates in-vivo an increased patency of the microcirculation. Thus, progression of infarction during early ischemia and reperfusion can be mitigated by anti-platelet treatment.
Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications for Safer Intersections : Virtual Traffic Lights

DISCLAIMER The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation's University Transportation Centers Program, in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. Given the pace of urbanization in the whole world in the last decade, it is no secret that the traffic congestion in urban areas has steadily gotten worse and is bound to deteriorate further unless new cost-effective and scalable solutions can be found. In fact, the most major cities of the U.S. (such as NYC, Los Angeles, Chicago, etc.) commute times of 1.5 hours or more (45 min each way) is not uncommon [1]. The situation is even worse in Asia and Latin America. So, congestion problem is already an acute global problem which will get worse since the road capacity needed for increased number of vehicles in cities is far from being sufficient. In the current economic climate, it seems unlikely that a road capacity increase commensurate with the increase in the number of vehicles will occur in the foreseeable future. Increasing the use of information technology (IT) in future vehicles can solve or mitigate many of the fundamental problems we face today in transportation such as energy efficiency, reduced carbon footprint for cars, greener environment, and several others. Note that the premise of the proposed work here lies in the technology known as vehicle-to-vehicle communications. Vehicles are assumed to be equipped with communications devices which allow them to communicate among themselves. A group of equipped vehicles thus form a vehicular ad hoc network which is a special application of wireless ad hoc networks with different constraints [2-9]. Specifically, the focus of the proposed work is on making vehicles more intelligent for increasing safety at intersections, mitigating congestion, reducing the commute time of urban workers, increasing productivity of the USA (as well as other countries), increasing the energy efficiency of cars, reducing the carbon footprint of cars, and supporting a greener environment. Figure 1: In-vehicle traffic lights In particular, we propose a new technology, which migrate infrastructure-based traffic lights to in-car traffic lights, as shown in Figure 1. Using the emerging vehicle-to-vehicle Virtual Traffic Lights (V2V) communications capability of modern cars through the DSRC standard at 5.9 GHz, …
Stratégies d'optimisation par modélisation explicite des différents acteurs influençant le processus de conception

Le succes ou l'echec commercial des systemes complexes (e.g. avions de transport commercial) ne depend pas que de la qualite technique intrinseque du produit mais il est aussi notablement affectee par les differentes interactions avec les autres acteurs du milieu tels la concurrence, les utilisateurs finaux et les organismes de reglementation. Des produits qui manquent de performances, ont un cout trop eleve, ou sont considerees comme dangereux ou nuisibles seront inevitablement surmontes par des produits concurrents qui repondent mieux aux besoins des clients et de la societe dans son ensemble. Dans cette these, nous cherchons a utiliser le cadre de la theorie des jeux afin d'integrer directement l'effet de ces interactions dans un probleme d'optimisation de conception qui vise a maximiser la rentabilite du concepteur du systeme. Cette approche permet aux concepteurs de prendre en consideration les effets de l'incertitude venant d'une part des sources traditionnelles de variabilites (proprietes materiaux, tolerances geometriques, etc) ainsi que d'autres incertitudes de nature non technique refletant par exemple l'incertitude du futur marche ou les interactions avec les autres parties prenantes (nouveaux produits concurrents, nouvelles reglementations, etc). Dans ce cadre nous developpons egalement des techniques de modelisation utilisant des modeles causaux afin de comprendre la nature d'interactions complexes a partir des donnees observees. Enfin, nous examinons les effets complexes entre surete de fonctionnement et conception en examinant l'histoire de la reglementation federale sur l'industrie du transport. Ces travaux ont mene a plusieurs resultats cles. D'abord, en considerant l'effet des interactions entre les differents acteurs, les concepteurs peuvent etre amenes a faire des choix techniques tres differents de ceux qu'ils auraient fait sans considerer ces interactions. Cela est illustre sur plusieurs etudes de cas avec des applications a la conception d'avions de transport commercial. Deuxiemement, nous avons developpe une nouvelle methode de construction de modeles causaux qui permet aux concepteurs d'evaluer le niveau de confiance dans leur comprehension des interactions entre les differents acteurs. Enfin, nous avons montre par une etude liens entre la reglementation et les ameliorations de la surete que la demande pour l'amelioration de la surete ne repond pas toujours a une rationalite economique. En revanche la demande pour plus de surete est fortement influencee par des facteurs tels que le niveau de responsabilite personnelle et la nature et ampleur des accidents potentiels.
Experimenting the Influence of Numerical Thresholds on Model-based Detection and Refactoring of Performance Antipatterns

Performance antipatterns are well-known bad design practices that lead to software products suffering from poor performance. A number of performance antipatterns has been defined and classified and refactoring actions have also been suggested to remove them. In the last few years, we have dedicated some effort to the detection and refactoring of performance antipatterns in software models. A specific characteristic of performance antipatterns is that they contain numerical parameters that may represent thresholds referring to either performance indices (e.g., a device utilization) or design features (e.g., number of interface operations of a software component). In this paper, we analyze the influence of such thresholds on the capability of detecting and refactoring performance antipatterns. In particular, (i) we analyze how a set of detected antipatterns may change while varying the threshold values and (ii) we discuss the influence of thresholds on the complexity of refactoring actions. With the help of a leading example, we quantify the influence using precision and recall metrics.
Statistical Model‐Based Voice Activity Detection Based on Second‐Order Conditional MAP with Soft Decision

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to statistical model‐based voice activity detection (VAD) that incorporates a second‐order conditional maximum a posteriori (CMAP) criterion. As a technical improvement for the first‐order CMAP criterion in [1], we consider both the current observation and the voice activity decision in the previous two frames to take full consideration of the interframe correlation of voice activity. This is clearly different from the previous approach [1] in that we employ the voice activity decisions in the second‐order (previous two frames) CMAP, which has quadruple thresholds with an additional degree of freedom, rather than the first‐order (previous single frame). Also, a soft‐decision scheme is incorporated, resulting in time‐varying thresholds for further performance improvement. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional CMAP‐based VAD technique under various experimental conditions.
Measured and Predicted Burial of Cylinders During the Indian Rocks Beach Experiment

Burial of instrumented mine-like cylinders as a result of wave-induced scour was measured during experiments conducted in shallow water (15-16 m) with fine-sand (133-mum) and coarse-sand (566-mum) sediments off Indian rocks beach (IRB), FL. scour pits developed around the instrumented cylinders in the fine-sand site when significant waveheights exceeded 2 m, causing the cylinders to pitch, then roll into the developing scour pits, often changing heading to align parallel with the wave crest. Final cylinder burial was nearly 40 cm (about 70%-80% mine diameter) relative to the sediment-water interface, but only 20%-50% relative to surface area covered. The difference was caused by the lack of complete infilling of scour pits. Little development of scour pits and burial was noted on the coarse-sand site and the cylinders buried to only 20%-40% of the cylinder diameter below the sediment surface. Burial results, although variable, are in general agreement with the wave-induced scour model developed by Trembanis et al. (2007) for the fine sand, but not for the coarse sand where measured burial was much less than predicted.
Reproducibility of diabetes quality of care indicators as reported by patients and physicians.

INTRODUCTION Self-report of diabetes care has moderate validity and is prone to under- and over-reporting. We assessed reproducibility of a range of processes and outcomes of diabetes care as reported by patients and physicians. METHODS In a Swiss community-based survey, patients with diabetes and physicians independently reported past 12 months processes of care (HbA1c, lipids, microalbuminuria, blood pressure, weight, foot and eye examinations) and last measured values of HbA1c, height, weight and blood pressure. For dichotomous variables, we assessed reliability by Cohen's kappa and agreement by uniform kappa. For continuous measures, we used Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and limits of agreement, respectively. RESULTS Mean age of the 210 patients was 65 years; 40% were women, and 51% had diabetes for >10 years. Agreement was good for recommended processes of care such as blood pressure (uniform kappa = 0.94), HbA1c (0.93), weight (0.88) and lipid (0.78), but lower for microalbuminuria, foot and eye examinations (all <0.50). Cohen's kappa values were all low (<0.25). Comparisons of reported continuous variables showed large limits of agreement for height (±6 cm) and weight (8-10 kg) despite high concordance correlation coefficients (0.93 and 0.97). Concordance correlation coefficients were smaller for HbA1c (0.72) and blood pressure (0.5-0.6), with large limits of agreement (±2% and ±25 mmHg). CONCLUSION While agreement of routine processes of care was good, agreement was less satisfactory for microalbuminuria, foot and eye examinations. Reports of continuous outcomes yielded good reliability but too wide limits of agreement. Quality of care evaluation relying on self-report only should be made cautiously.