Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Co Relation between PUFA Index and Oral Health Related Quality of Life of a Rural Population in India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION A new measuring system called PUFA index had been identified to quantify the consequences of untreated dental caries. The co relation between PUFA index and oral health related quality of life has not been documented so far in India and thereby the need for this study Design: Cross-sectional observational study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample size of 212 subjects, who are the residents of a town in Rangareddy district were included to be a part of this study. The subjects were interviewed for the OHIP score and the clinical examination done to record the PUFA scores. RESULTS The main objective of this study was to find out if there was any correlation between the OHIP scores and the study subjects and using the Pearson' s co relation coefficient, there was a significant correlation between the OHIP and the PUFA scores. (Pearson' s correlation= 0.31) CONCLUSION: The mean OHIP and PUFA scores of the study subjects were 2.21 and 0.40 respectively. There is a positive correlation between the OHIP score and the PUFA score among the study population i.e. with the PUFA scores increasing, it has a detrimental effect on the oral health related quality of life of the individual.
Weigners Fixative–An Alternative to Formalin Fixation for Histology With Improved Preservation of Nucleic Acids

Formalin fixation and paraffin embedding (FFPE) is the standard method for tissue storage in histopathology. However, FFPE has disadvantages in terms of user health, environment, and nucleic acid integrity. Weigners fixative has been suggested as an alternative for embalming cadavers in human and veterinary anatomy. The present study tested the applicability of Weigners for histology and immunohistochemistry and the preservation of nucleic acids. To this end, a set of organs was fixed for 2 days and up to 6 months in Weigners (WFPE) or formalin. WFPE tissues from the skin, brain, lymphatic tissues, liver, and muscle had good morphologic preservation, comparable to formalin fixation. The quality of kidney and lung samples was inferior to FFPE material due to less accentuated nuclear staining and retention of proteinaceous interstitial fluids. Azan, Turnbull blue, toluidin, and immunohistochemical stainings for CD79a, cytokeratin, vimentin, and von Willebrand factor led to comparable results with both fixates. Of note, immunohistochemical detection of CD3 was possible after 6 months in WFPE but not in FFPE tissues. mRNA, miRNA, and DNA from WFPE tissues had superior quality and allowed for amplification of miRNA, 400-bp-long mRNA, and 1000-bp-long DNA fragments after 6 months of fixation in WFPE. In summary, Weigners fixative is a nonhazardous alternative to formalin, which provides a good morphologic preservation of most organs, a similar sensitivity for protein detection, and a superior preservation of nucleic acids. Weigners may therefore be a promising alternative to cryopreservation and may be embraced by people affected by formalin allergies.
Health Literacy Scale and Causal Model of Childhood Overweight

Background: WHO focuses on developing health literacy (HL) referring to cognitive and social skills. Our objectives were to develop a scale for evaluating the HL level of Thai childhood overweight, and develop a path model of health behavior (HB) for preventing obesity . Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This research used a mixed method. Overall, 2,000 school students were aged 9 to 14 yr collected by stratified random sampling from all parts of Thailand in 2014. Data were analyzed by CFA, LISREL . Results: Reliability of HL and HB scale ranged 0.62 to 0.82 and factor loading ranged 0.33 to 0.80, the subjects had low level of HL (60.0%) and fair level of HB (58.4%), and the path model of HB, could be influenced by HL from three paths. Path 1 started from the health knowledge and understanding that directly influenced the eating behavior (effect sized - β was 0.13, P<0.05. Path 2 the health knowledge and understanding that influenced managing their health conditions, media literacy, and making appropriate health-related decision β=0.07, 0.98, and 0.05, respectively. Path 3 the accessing the information and services that influenced communicating for added skills, media literacy, and making appropriate health-related decision β=0.63, 0.93, 0.98, and 0.05. Finally, basic level of HL measured from health knowledge and understanding and accessing the information and services that influenced HB through interactive, and critical level β= 0.76, 0.97, and 0.55, respectively. Conclusions: HL Scale for Thai childhood overweight should be implemented as a screening tool developing HL by the public policy for health promotion
A Resequence Analysis of Genomic Loci on Chromosomes 1q32.1, 5p15.33, and 13q22.1 Associated With Pancreatic Cancer Risk

Objective The objective of this study was to fine-map common pancreatic cancer susceptibility regions. Methods We conducted targeted Roche-454 resequencing across 428 kb in 3 genomic regions identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of pancreatic cancer, on chromosomes 1q32.1, 5p15.33, and 13q22.1. Results An analytical pipeline for calling genotypes was developed using HapMap samples sequenced on chr5p15.33. Concordance to 1000 Genomes data for chr5p15.33 was greater than 96%. The concordance for chr1q32.1 and chr13q22.1 with pancreatic cancer GWAS data was greater than 99%. Between 9.2% and 19.0% of variants detected were not present in 1000 Genomes for the respective continental population. The majority of completely novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were less common (minor allele frequency [MAF], ⩽5%) or rare (MAF, ⩽2%), illustrating the value of enlarging test sets for discovery of less common variants. Using the data set, we examined haplotype blocks across each region using a tag SNP analysis (r2 > 0.8 for MAF of ≥5%) and determined that at least 196, 243, and 63 SNPs are required for fine-mapping chr1q32.1, chr5p15.33, and chr13q22.1, respectively, in European populations. Conclusions We have characterized germline variation in 3 regions associated with pancreatic cancer risk and show that targeted resequencing leads to the discovery of novel variants and improves the completeness of germline sequence variants for fine-mapping GWAS susceptibility loci.
Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in primary care patients.

BACKGROUND Anxiety and depressive disorders have a significant and negative impact on quality of life. However, less is known about the effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms on quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of anxiety and depressive symptoms on emotional and physical functioning, the effects of anxiety symptoms on functioning independent of depressive symptoms, and the effects of depressive symptoms on functioning independent of anxiety symptoms. METHOD Participants included 919 patients, recruited from 2 university-affiliated primary care clinics between May 2004 and September 2006, who completed self-report measures of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and quality of life. RESULTS Almost 40% of the sample reported anxiety symptoms and 30% reported depressive symptoms. In both unadjusted and adjusted models, anxiety and depressive symptoms were significantly associated with all domains of quality of life. When anxiety and depressive symptoms were added simultaneously, both remained significant. As the severity of anxiety or depressive symptoms increased, quality of life decreased. Furthermore, patients with moderate to severe anxiety or depressive symptoms had greater impairments in most quality of life domains than patients with acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or diabetes. CONCLUSION Detection and treatment of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the primary care setting should be emphasized.
A 0.03mm2, 40nm CMOS 1.5GS/s all-digital complementary PWM-GRO

Nonlinearity is one of the main problems associated with VCO based noise shaping ADCs. Their open loop architecture does not permit correction of the nonlinear voltage to frequency response of the VCO by feedback. Recently, linearization of a VCO ADC by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) pre-coding has been proposed. This work presents an area- and power-efficient realization of a new complementary PWM Gated Ring Oscillator (GRO) that can be used as input stage of an all-digital multi-stage ADC. Here, the analog input signal is encoded by two PWM modulators to drive two GRO's with a 2-level signal in a complementary way, thus eliminating the nonlinearity of the VCO's. In order to reduce power consumption the PWM modulator is completely self-biased thus reducing influence of PVT variations and eliminating the need for a voltage reference. In order to show the efficiency of this new architecture a prototype has been fabricated and measured. The differential output of the PWM-GRO shows first order noise shaping and clocked at 1.5GHz consumes only 2.15mW from a single 1.1V supply. Integrating the output noise in a 20MHz bandwidth the equivalent FoM is 105fJ/conversion-step. The design occupies 0.03mm2 in a 40nm CMOS process.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT LENGTH LINKER CONTAINING DHEA-7-CMO-ENZYME CONJUGATES ON SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF DHEA-17-CMO-ANTIBODY

Introduction of spacers in enzyme conjugates is known to exert an influence on the assay parameters of steroid enzyme immunoassays. We have introduced 3 to 10 atomic length linkers between enzyme and steroid moieties and studied their effects on sensitivity and specificity of dehydroepiandrosterone enzyme immunoassays. Dehydroepiandrosterone-17-carboxymethyloxime–bovine serum albumin (DHEA-17-CMO-BSA) was used as an immunogen to raise the antiserum in New Zealand white rabbits. Five enzyme conjugates were prepared using DHEA-7-CMO as carboxylic derivative of DHEA and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as label. These were DHEA-7-CMO-HRP, DHEA-7-CMO-urea-HRP (DHEA-7-CMO-U-HRP), DHEA-7-CMO-ehylenediamine-HRP (DHEA-7-CMO-EDA-HRP), DHEA-7-CMO-carbohydrazide-HRP (DHEA-7-CMO-CH-HRP), and DHEA-7-CMO-adipic acid dihydrazide-HRP (DHEA-7-CMO-ADH-HRP). The influence of different atomic length linkers on sensitivity and specificity were studied with reference to label without linker. The results of the present investigation revealed that with incorporation of linkers, the sensitivity improves, whereas specificity only marginally improves. These differential behaviors of various linkers toward the sensitivity and specificity of assays might be due to the difference in the magnitude of overall forces of attraction between the antibody and the enzyme conjugates.
Intracellular Role for Sphingosine Kinase 1 in Intestinal Adenoma Cell Proliferation

ABSTRACT Sphingosine kinase (Sphk) enzymes are important in intracellular sphingolipid metabolism as well as in the biosynthesis of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), an extracellular lipid mediator. Here, we show that Sphk1 is expressed and is required for small intestinal tumor cell proliferation in ApcMin/+ mice. Adenoma size but not incidence was dramatically reduced in ApcMin/+Sphk−/− mice. Concomitantly, epithelial cell proliferation in the polyps was significantly attenuated, suggesting that Sphk1 regulates adenoma progression. Although the S1P receptors (S1P1R, S1P2R, and S1P3R) are expressed, polyp incidence or size was unaltered in ApcMin/+S1p2r−/−, ApcMin/+S1p3r−/−, and ApcMin/+S1p1r+/− bigenic mice. These data suggest that extracellular S1P signaling via its receptors is not involved in adenoma cell proliferation. Interestingly, tissue sphingosine content was elevated in the adenomas of ApcMin/+Sphk1−/− mice, whereas S1P levels were not significantly altered. Concomitantly, epithelial cell proliferation and the expression of the G1/S cell cycle regulator CDK4 and c-myc were diminished in the polyps of ApcMin/+Sphk1−/− mice. In rat intestinal epithelial (RIE) cells in vitro, Sphk1 overexpression enhanced cell cycle traverse at the G1/S boundary. In addition, RIE cells treated with sphingosine but not C6-ceramide exhibited reduced cell proliferation, reduced retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) expression. Our findings suggest that Sphk1 plays a critical role in intestinal tumor cell proliferation and that inhibitors of Sphk1 may be useful in the control of intestinal cancer.
SecretSafe: A Lightweight Approach against Heap Buffer Over-Read Attack

Software memory disclosure attacks, such as buffer over-read, often work quietly and would cause secret data leakage. The well-known OpenSSL Heartbleed vulnerability leaked out millions of servers’ private keys, which caused most of the Internet services insecure at that time. Existing solutions are either hard to apply to large code bases (e.g., through formal verification [20] or symbolic execution [8] on program code), or too heavyweight (e.g., by involving a hypervisor software [23], [24] or a modified operating system kernel [17]). In this paper, we propose SecretSafe, a lightweight and easy-to-use system which leverages the traditional x86 segmentation mechanism to isolate the application secrets from the remaining data. Software developers could prevent the secrets from being leaked out by simply declaring the secret variables with SECURE keyword. Our customized compiler will automatically separate the secrets from the remaining non-secret data with an isolated memory segment. Any legal instructions that have to access the secrets will be automatically instrumented to enable accesses to the isolated segment. We have implemented a SecretSafe prototype with the open source LLVM compiler framework. The evaluation shows that SecretSafe is both secure and efficient.
Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm — II supported neural network in classifying forest types

Pixel classification in land scape images has been found to be challenging. The problem becomes more challenging in forest images due to the similar spectral features of pixels situated close to each other. Geographically weighted variables have been employed to classify the two different species namely Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese Cedar or Sugi) and Chamaecyparisobtusa (Japanese Cypress or Hinoki) and one mixed forest class. Previous attempts have shown reasonable improvement in this task using Genetic Algorithm supported Neural Network over other traditional approaches. Motivated by this, a NSGA — II supported Neural Network (NN-NSGA — II) classifier is proposed. The proposed model has been compared with GA-NN (ANN trained with Genetic Algorithm with a single objective function) classifiers in terms of confusion matrix based performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall and F-Measure. Experimental results have indicated that the proposed NN-NSGA-II model is superior to the GA-NN model to a greater extent.
Nature of perceived effort and fatigue.

Male Ss maintained handgrip contractions at constant perceived effort for 120-150 sec. Force declined very rapidly during the first 45 sec. of contraction and much more slowly thereafter. Occlusion of blood flow had no effect on the early rapidly-declining portion of the constant-effort function, but accelerated the decline of the later portion. Occlusion impaired recovery from fatigue, but only slightly. The constant-effort function for the nonpreferred (weaker) hand declined more rapidly than that for the preferred (stronger) hand. Nevertheless, the difference in strength between the two hands was not reflected in feelings of effort in momentary contractions; submaximal loads, held for only 2 sec. , did not appear more effortful when exerted with the weaker hand than with the stronger.
Nitric Oxide Production During Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

Background and Purpose Nitric oxide has been implicated as a mediator of glutamate excitotoxicity in primary neuronal cultures. Methods A number of indicators of brain nitric oxide production (nitrite and cyclic guanosine monophosphate [cGMP] concentrations and nitric oxide synthase activity) were examined after bilateral carotid ligation and right middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats. Results Brain nitrite was significantly increased in the right versus left cortex 5,10, and 20 minutes after middle cerebral artery occlusion (P < .05), with a return to baseline at 60 minutes. There were no significant changes in cerebellar concentrations. Cortical levels of cGMP were increased at 10, 20, and 60 minutes after occlusion, with significant right-to-left differences (P <.05). Cerebellar concentrations of cGMP were also increased but without significant side-to-side differences. Nitric oxide synthase activity increased approximately 10-fold from baseline 10 minutes after occlusion in the right cortex but decreased markedly by 60 minutes from its peak at 10 minutes. The right-to-left difference in nitric oxide synthase activity was significant at 20 minutes (P<.05). Pretreatment of rats with 7VG-nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, abolished the rise in nitrite and cGMP. Conclusions These results suggest that a sharp transient increase in the activity of nitric oxide synthase occurs during the first hour of cerebral ischemia, which leads to a burst in nitric oxide production and activation of guanylate cyclase. (Stroke. 1993;24:1709-1716.)
Glucocorticoid‐Treated Mice Have Localized Changes in Trabecular Bone Material Properties and Osteocyte Lacunar Size That Are Not Observed in Placebo‐Treated or Estrogen‐Deficient Mice

This study compares changes in bone microstructure in 6‐month‐old male GC‐treated and female ovariectomized mice to their respective controls. In addition to a reduction in trabecular bone volume, GC treatment reduced bone mineral and elastic modulus of bone adjacent to osteocytes that was not observed in control mice nor estrogen‐deficient mice. These microstructural changes in combination with the macrostructural changes could amplify the bone fragility in this metabolic bone disease.
Hypoxia/reoxygenation-experienced cancer cell migration and metastasis are regulated by Rap1- and Rac1-GTPase activation via the expression of thymosin beta-4

Signaling by small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPase), Rap1/Rac1, is one of the major pathways controlling cancer cell migration and tumor metastasis. Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4), an actin-sequestering protein, has been shown to increase migration of cancer cells. Episodes of hypoxia and re-oxygenation (H/R) are an important phenomenon in tumor microenvironment (TME). We investigated whether Tβ4 could play as an intermediary to crosstalk between Rac1- and Rap1- GTPase activation under hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) conditions. Inhibition of Tβ4 expression using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) significantly decreased lung metastasis of B16F10 cells. Rac1 and Rap1 activity, as well as cancer cell migration, increased following induction of Tβ4 expression in normoxia- or H/R-experienced cells, but were barely detectable in Tβ4-depleted cells. Rap1-regulated Rac1 activity was decreased by a dominant negative Rap1 (Rap1N17), and increased by 8-(4-chloro-phenylthio)-2′-O-methyladenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (CPT), a Rap1 activator. In contrast, a Rac1-specific inhibitor, NSC23766, and dominant negative Rac1 (Rac1N17) enhanced Tβ4 expression and aberrant Rap1 activity. While NSC23766 and Rac1N17 incompletely inhibited tumor metastasis in vivo, and H/R-experienced cancer cell migration in vitro, more efficient attenuation of cancer cell migration was accomplished by simultaneous inactivation of Rap1 and Rac1 with Rap1N17 and Rac1N17, respectively. These data suggest that a combination therapy targeting both Rap1 and Rac1 activity may be an effective method of inhibiting tumor metastasis.
Intake of whole grains is associated with lower risk of myocardial infarction: the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort.

BACKGROUND High intake of whole grains has been associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease; however, the research that has been used to evaluate different effects of different whole-grain cereals (e.g., wheat, rye, and oats) has been sparse. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between whole-grain intake in terms of total intake and intakes of different cereals and myocardial infarction. DESIGN This prospective study included 54,871 Danish adults aged 50-64 y, of whom 2329 individuals developed myocardial infarction (13.6 y of follow-up). Detailed information on daily intake of whole-grain products was available from a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire, and intakes of total whole grain and whole-grain species (wheat, rye, and oats) were estimated. The association between intake of whole grains and risk of myocardial infarction was examined with the use of a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS For both men and women with total whole-grain intake in the highest quartile, lower risks of myocardial infarction were shown [HRs: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.86) and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.91), respectively] than for individuals with intake in the lowest quartile. When the specific cereal species were considered, rye and oats, but not wheat, were associated with lower myocardial infarction risk in men. No significant associations were seen in women. For total whole-grain products, significantly lower myocardial infarction risks were seen with higher intakes in both men and women. Rye bread (in men and women) and oatmeal (in men) were associated with significantly lower risk of myocardial infarction, whereas no significant association was shown for whole-grain bread, crispbread, and wheat. CONCLUSION In this study, we provide support for the hypothesis that whole-grain intake is related to lower risk of myocardial infarction and suggest that the cereals rye and oats might especially hold a beneficial effect.
Stability and change in milder psychiatric disorder over 7 years in a birth cohort

Background. Relatively little is known regarding stability or change over time in milder psychiatric disorder identified in epidemiological studies. Methods. Data were analysed on 2890 subjects from the 1946 British birth cohort study. Psychiatric disorder was identified at age 36 years using the Present State Examination Index of Definition and 7 years later at age 43 using a symptom scale, employing a threshold to give identical 6% prevalence of disorder. Predictors were derived from recent social data and information collected earlier in childhood and younger adulthood. Results. Over 7 years, there was considerable movement between case and non-case status. Only 1·7% of the sample satisfied case criteria at both points. Approximately two-thirds of cases at age 36 had fallen below case levels at age 43 and two-thirds of cases at age 43 were new cases. Most onsets and remissions were between definite case and non-case levels, rather than around the threshold. The strongest predictors of onset and remission were recent demographic, social and life stress variables, and earlier reported nervous disorder, with contributions from parental social background, and life history variables in adolescence. Conclusions. There is considerable change over 7 years in milder psychiatric disorder, with around two-thirds of it episodic or fluctuating and one-third chronic. Recent social variables are strong predictors of change or chronicity, with some lasting contributions from childhood social setting and earlier life history.