Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathfinding of 2D & 3D game real-time strategy with depth direction A∗ algorithm for multi-layer

The pathfinding analysis has importance for various working such as logistics, transportation, operation management, system analysis and design, project management, network and production line. Especially, game programming technology has effect to economic and dominates culture, increasingly. The shortest path analysis is artificial intelligent which developed capability about think cause and effect, learning and thinking like human. Heuristic technique is method for solving a problem which gets result or not. It may return unexpected value which depends on each problem. 3D game realtime strategy uses shortest path analysis control path for movement of character, wheeled vehicle, animals, and fantasy buildings. It uses path for movement ever time, both in sea, terra and sky (three layers). The position of 3D object use refers 2D coordinate. Generally, the most of 3D game strategy both on LAN and online will play on terrain more than inside building or the room. This research proposes two essences. It proposes comparison rapidity, intelligence and efficiency about seven path finding algorithms which is principle algorithm are familiar. These algorithms used in game computer extensively as follows [1] Depth First Search [2] Iterative Deepening [3] Breadth First Search [4] Dijkstra's Algorithm [5] Best First Search [6] A-Star Algorithm (A∗) [7] Iterative Deepening A∗. Besides, this research proposes Depth Direction A∗ algorithm method which new method which use linear graph theory cooperate with A∗ Algorithm calculate increase efficiency of avoid barrier object on maps and search for shortest path of multi-layer. It movement are natural characteristic more other method. The cost node grows less than A∗ algorithm in clear area and plan about expand node before processed. It guarantee about expand node less than A∗ algorithm node certainly. It takes time movement and avoid barrier object less than uses other algorithm. This work able decrease expand node 22.12–70.67% depend on property of area between pathway by define 3D rendering rate are stable.
Prevalence and predictors of conflict in the families of patients with advanced cancer: A nationwide survey of bereaved family members

Family conflict has several adverse impacts on caregivers. Thus, there is significant value in determining the prevalence and predictors of family conflict, which can enable the health care provider to intervene if family conflict arises during end‐of‐life care. Accordingly, we aimed to explore the prevalence and predictors of conflict among the families of patients with advanced cancer who died in palliative care units.
Investigation of different parameters in defective photonic crystal

In this paper we will investigate the properties of photonic band structures in one dimensional photonic crystal by using transfer matrix method. We have obtained the tenability of the different parameters in one-dimensional defective photonic crystal. In our calculation we have used Lithium Tantalate (LiTaO3) as a defect layer to study the tunability of photonic crystals by applying external voltage. The numerical result show that the defect peak is blue shifted as the positive bias is applied, whilst it red shifted by applying the negative bias voltage. The relation is straight line between external applied voltage and defect peak. Moreover, the temperature tuning is achieved by changing the defect layer to be (NOA61), the defect peak is red shifted by increasing temperature. These characteristics can be used on tunable filters, voltage and temperature sensors. Keywords—Photonic crystal, voltage tuning, defect mode, transmittance
Global Solar Radiation Forecasting Using Square Root Regularization-Based Ensemble

In recent decades, the integration of solar energy sources has gradually become the main challenge for global energy consumption. Therefore, it is essential to predict global solar radiation in an accurate and efficient way when estimating outputs of the solar system. Inaccurate predictions either cause load overestimation that results in increased cost or failure to gather adequate supplies. However, accurate forecasting is a challenging task because solar resources are intermittent and uncontrollable. To tackle this difficulty, several machine learning models have been established; however, the forecasting outcomes of these models are not sufficiently accurate. Therefore, in this study, we investigate ensemble learning with square root regularization and intelligent optimization to forecast hourly global solar radiation. The main structure of the proposed method is constructed based on ensemble learning with a random subspace (RS) method that divides the original data into several covariate subspaces. A novel covariate-selection method called square root smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SRSCAD) is proposed and is applied to each subspace with efficient extraction of relevant covariates. To combine the forecasts obtained using RS and SRSCAD, a firefly algorithm (FA) is used to estimate the weights assigned to individual forecasts. To handle the complexity of the proposed ensemble system, a simple and efficient algorithm is derived based on a thresholding rule and accelerated gradient method. To illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method, global solar radiation datasets of eight locations of Xinjiang province in China are considered. The experimental results show that the proposed RS-SRSCAD-FA achieves the best performances with a mean absolute percentage error, root-mean-square error, Theil inequality coefficient, and correlation coefficient of 0.066, 20.21 W/m2, 0.016, 3.40 s, and 0.98 in site 1, respectively. For the other seven datasets, RS-SRSCAD-FA still outperforms other approaches. Finally, a nonparametric Friedman test is applied to perform statistical comparisons of results over eight datasets.
Characterization of the Early Steps of Infection of Primary Blood Monocytes by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

ABSTRACT Blood-circulating monocytes migrate in tissues in response to danger stimuli and differentiate there into two major actors of the immune system: macrophages and dendritic cells. Given their migratory behavior and their pivotal role in the orchestration of immune responses, it is not surprising that cells of the monocyte lineage are the target of several viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). HIV-1 replicates in monocytoid cells to an extent that is influenced by their differentiation status and modulated by exogenous stimulations. Unstimulated monocytes display a relative resistance to HIV infection mostly exerted during the early steps of the viral life cycle. Despite intensive studies, the identity of the affected step remains controversial, although it is generally assumed to take place after viral entry. We reexamine here the early steps of viral infection of unstimulated monocytes using vesicular stomatitis virus G protein-pseudotyped HIV-1 virions. Our data indicate that a first block to the early steps of infection of monocytes with these particles occurs at the level of viral entry. After entry, reverse transcription and integration proceed with extremely slow kinetics rather than being blocked. Once completed, viral DNA molecules delay entry into the nucleus and integration for up to 5 to 6 days. The inefficacy of these steps accounts for the resistance of monocytes to HIV-1 during the early steps of infection.
Safety, efficacy, and long‐term results of a modified version of rapid opiate detoxification under general anaesthesia: A prospective study in methadone, heroin, codeine and morphine addicts

Background: In the present study a method of rapid opiate detoxification under general anaesthesia has been evaluated regarding the safety, the efficacy in preventing withdrawal symptoms, and the long‐term results. In addition, it was investigated whether the profile and severity of withdrawal symptoms depend on the type of opiate abused (methadone, heroin, codeine, morphine).
Examination of the details of 2D vorticity generation around the airfoil during starting and stopping phases

This paper presents a numerical study of vorticity generation around a 2D airfoil during the starting and stopping phases of motion. The study focuses on a single NACA0012 airfoil of unit chord at 4◦ angle of attack where the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a spectral element DNS code. Peaks in the boundary vorticity flux on the trailing edge surface support recent findings about the establishment of the Kutta condition. The peaks in lift force during the starting and stopping phases appear to be well-explained by thin airfoil theory for non-uniform motion while the peaks in the drag force appear well-explained by vortex impulse and added mass. Introduction Around 1930, Prandtl, Tietjens and Müller recorded the motion of fine particles around an airfoil in the starting and stopping phases of motion to observe transient, unsteady flows [9]. The original recordings have been analysed using modern particle image velocimetry by Willert and Kompenhans [14] and the starting and stopping vortices still remain of interest. Vincent and Blackburn [12] showed the formation of these vortices by performing a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of transient flow over a NACA0012 airfoil at Re = 10,000 and α = 4◦ while Agromayo, Rúa and Kristoffersen [1] investigated a NACA4612 at Re = 1,000 and α = 16◦ using OpenFOAM. Both studies determined coefficients of lift and drag during the starting and stopping phases and verified Kelvin’s and Stoke’s theorems, shown in equation (1), for vorticity around various contours. This paper expands on these studies by considering the vorticity generation mechanisms and exploring the physical phenomena behind vortices generated during the starting and stopping phases.
Expression of the LIM‐homeodomain protein Isl1 in the developing and mature mouse retina

The mammalian retina is comprised of six major neuronal cell types and is subdivided into more morphological and physiological subtypes. The transcriptional machinery underlying these subtype fate choices is largely unknown. The LIM‐homeodomain protein, Isl1, plays an essential role in central nervous system (CNS) differentiation but its relationship to retinal neurogenesis remains unknown. We report here its dynamic spatiotemporal expression in the mouse retina. Among bipolar interneurons, Isl1 expression commences at postnatal day (P)5 and is later restricted to ON‐bipolar cells. The intensity of Isl1 expression is found to segregate the pool of ON‐bipolar cells into rod and ON‐cone bipolar cells with higher expression in rod bipolar cells. As bipolar cell development proceeds from P5–10 the colocalization of Isl1 and the pan‐bipolar cell marker Chx10 reveals the organization of ON‐center bipolar cell nuclei to the upper portion of the inner nuclear layer. Further, whereas Isl1 is predominantly a ganglion cell marker prior to embryonic day (E)15.5, at E15.5 and later its expression in nonganglion cells expands. We demonstrate that these Isl1‐positive, nonganglion cells acquire the expression of amacrine cell markers embryonically, likely representing nascent cholinergic amacrine cells. Taken together, Isl1 is expressed during the maturation of and is later maintained in retinal ganglion cells and subtypes of amacrine and bipolar cells where it may function in the maintenance of these cells into adulthood. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:182–197, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self-efficacy with application to adolescent smoking cessation: a concept analysis.

AIM This paper is a report of a concept analysis of adolescent smoking cessation self-efficacy. BACKGROUND Smoking cessation is a key preventive care/health promotion strategy offered by nurses worldwide. Most programming is tailored to adults although the reasons for smoking, along with coping strategies, resources and developmental stage, differ in adolescence. Understanding of the concept of self-efficacy as it relates to the adolescent population will assist nurses in addressing smoking cessation behaviours with this population. DATA SOURCES The CINAHL and Proquest Nursing databases were searched for papers published between 1977 and 2007 using the keywords self-efficacy, adolescents and smoking cessation. The Walker and Avant method of concept analysis was applied. FINDINGS Adolescent smoking cessation self-efficacy is the confidence, perceived capacity and perceived ability that the teen possesses to quit smoking. Identified antecedents include developmental stage, past life support, emotional support, coping strategies, resources and emotional status. Consequences are smoking cessation: positive or negative. Empirical measures are identified. CONCLUSION Levels of self-efficacy have been shown to be an important consideration in the approach of nurses to smoking cessation counselling with the adolescent client. The theoretical definition for this concept will provide the basis for nurses to design appropriate interventions for use in smoking cessation programmes targeted to adolescents. This definition identifies the key attributes of this concept that should be addressed when caring for this population.
Use of Gas Chromatography – Olfactometry in combination with Solid Phase Micro Extraction for cocoa liquor aroma analysis

Aroma of cocoa liquor extracted by using Solid Phase Micro Extraction with polydimethylsyloxane– divinylbenzene polymer was analyzed in Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry. Headspace extraction of cocoa odour-active compounds for 30 min at temperature of 60°C followed by GC separation elaborated with column oven initial temperature at 60°C and ramped at 5°C/min to reach 220°C identified most of the odour-active compounds including wide range of alcohols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketons, esters, pyrazines, and amines. Cocoa specific aroma attributed in terms of sweet, nutty, caramel and chocolate-like notes were associated with trimethylpyrazine, tetramethylpyrazine, 2,3-butanediol, dodecanoic acid, phenylethyl alcohol, ethanone, benzeneacetaldehyde and 1,4-bis(morpholinoacetyl)piperazine. Meanwhile defective cocoa aroma such as smoky and rancid were generated by benzeneacetaldehyde, alphaethylidene; trimethylpyrazine, and trans-2,3dimethyloxirane.
The Influence of Organizational Innovation on Social Responsibility and Financial Performance

This study seeks to investigate the effect of organizational innovation on social responsibility and financial performance, considering the moderating role of organizational innovation. The findings indicate that social responsibility likely improves financial performance; both of which are determined by organizational innovation. Furthermore, organizational innovation is evidenced as a moderator in the causal link from social responsibility to financial performance. The relationship between social responsibility and financial performance in firms that invest more in organizational innovation become stronger.
Linkage disequilibrium in the neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) region: implications for gene mapping.

To test the usefulness of linkage disequilibrium for gene mapping, we compared physical distances and linkage disequilibrium among eight RFLPs in the neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) region. Seven of the polymorphisms span most of the NF1 gene, while the remaining polymorphism lies approximately 70 kb 3' to a stop codon in exon 49. By using Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) kindreds, 91-110 unrelated parents were genotyped. A high degree of disequilibrium is maintained among the seven intragenic polymorphisms (r > .82, P < 10(-7)), even though they are separated by as much as 340 kb. The 3' polymorphism is only 68 kb distal to the next polymorphism, but disequilibrium between the 3' polymorphism and all others is comparatively low (magnitude of 4 < .33, P values .27-.001). This result was replicated in three sets of unrelated kindreds: the Utah CEPH families, the non-Utah CEPH families, and an independent set of NF1 families. Trigenic, quadrigenic, three-locus, and four-locus disequilibrium measures were also estimated. There was little evidence of higher-order linkage disequilibrium. As expected for a disease with multiple mutations, no disequilibrium was observed between the disease gene and any of the RFLPs. The observed pattern of high disequilibrium within the gene and a loss of disequilibrium 3' to the stop codon could have implications for gene mapping studies. These are discussed, and guidelines for linkage disequilibrium studies are suggested.
Extended Hypercube Models for Location Problems with Stochastic Demand

In spatial queues, servers travel to the customers and provide service on the scene. This property makes them applicable to emergency response (e.g. ambulances, police) and on-demand transportation systems (e.g. paratransit, taxis) location problems. However, in spatial queues, there exist a different service rate for each customer-server pairs which creates Markovian models with enormous number of states and makes these approaches difficult to apply on even medium sized problems. Because of demand uncertainty, the nearest servers to a customer might not be available to intervene and this can significantly increase the service times. In this paper, we propose two new aggregate models and an approximate solution method with a dynamic programming heuristic. Results are compared with existing location models on hypothetical and real cases.
BANCO CENTRAL DE RESERVA DEL PERÚ Monetary Aggregates and Monetary Policy in Peru

This paper investigates empirically the usefulness of monetary aggregates as information variables in the conduct of monetary policy. For this purpose, some recent advances on the topic were used, which include the analysis of both real-time and revised final data, and the application of Bayesian model averaging to allow for model uncertainty regarding the lag length and number of cointegrating relationships. In this paper, money is considered as an information variable for Wt (e.g. output or prices) if the following two criteria are satisfied: (i) Mt is strongly exogenous, and (ii) Mt Granger-causes Wt. Strong exogeneity is relevant because it validates conditional forecasting of Wt using monetary aggregates as conditioning variables. The results show no strong evidence supporting the usefulness of monetary aggregates as information variables for prices or output. However, this does not preclude their potential use as information variables for other macroeconomic targets such as financial stability. It is worth mentioning that the results do not imply that monetary policy in Peru is not useful. JEL Classification : C32, E52, E58
Bootstrapping patterns for the detection of mobility related events

This work presents a method to extract traf-ﬁc events from German texts. We present a rule based system, where patterns are automatically extracted and ranked using a boot-strapping approach. These patterns are subsequently evaluated and annotated by human an-notators. The resulting pattern are evaluated on three different text sources (Tweets, traf-ﬁc RSS feeds, and news articles) with different language styles. Through the use of three data sets we cannot only evaluate the usefulness of the approach in a single domain but also evaluate the domain portability of the proposed approach. We further perform an error analysis to identify problems of the current system.
Feed intake , digestibility and blood parameters as influenced by Aspergillus Niger or Saccharomyces Cerevisiae fermented napier grass ( Pennisetum purpureum ) mixed with fresh cassva root in beef cattle

This experiment was to investigate the effect of Aspergillus niger or Saccharomyces cerevisiae or fermented Napier grass mixed with fresh cassva root (NC) on blood biochemistry, blood enzymes, hematological and nutrient digestibility in beef cattle. Four female beef cattle (350±14 kg) were randomly assigned according to a 4×4 Latin square design, in which the cattle were fed with four dietary treatments with Napier grass (Control), non-microbial fermented NC (FNC), A. niger fermented NC (AFNC) and S. cerevisiae fermented NC (SFNC). All animals were respective treatments given ad libitum. The results revealed that dry matter (DM) intake and nutrient intake were increased (P<0.01) by AFNC and SFNC. Nutrient digestibility was significantly affected by AFNC and SFNC (P<0.01). Moreover, NH3-N and glucose concentrations increased (P<0.05) when cattle were fed AFNC whereas the blood enzymes and hematological parameters were not altered among all treatments (P>0.05). Based on this experiment, it could be concluded that A. niger and S. cerevisiae fermented NC could improve feed intake, nutrient digestibility and blood biochemistry in beef cattle.
Regeneration of citrus sinensis (+) clausena lansium intergeneric triploid and tetraploid somatic hybrids and their identification by molecular markers

SummarySomatic hybrid plants were regenerated via electrofusion between leaf-derived protoplasts of ‘Chicken heart’ sweet wampee (Clausena lansium) and embryogenic protoplasts of ‘Newhall’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck). Most of the complete plantlets were formed via mini-grafting. Flow cytometry showed that most of the regenerants were tetraploids as expected, but unexpectedly three plantlets were triploids. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis of seven randomly selected tetraploids and the three triploids showed that they had specific fragments from both fusion parents, thereby confirming their hybridity. Analysis of cytoplasmic genomes using universal primers revealed that their chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) band pattern was identical to the mesophyll parent, while their mitochondrial genomes were of the navel orange type. According to the SSR results, the triploids obtained in this study were most likely due to chromosome elimination of ‘Chicken heart’ sweet wampee prior to plant regeneration.
Effects of depressive symptoms and coronary heart disease and their interactive associations on mortality in middle-aged adults: the Whitehall II cohort study

Background Depression and mortality have been studied separately in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and in populations healthy at study inception. This does not allow comparisons across risk-factor groups based on the cross-classification of depression and CHD status. Objective To examine effects of depressive symptoms and CHD and their interactive associations on mortality in middle-aged adults followed over 5.6 years. Design and setting A prospective population-based cohort study of 5936 middle-aged men and women from the British Whitehall II study. We created four risk-factor groups based on the cross-classification of depressive symptoms and CHD status. Results The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted hazard ratios for death from all causes were 1.67 (p<0.05) for participants with only CHD, 2.10 (p<0.001) for those with only depressive symptoms and 4.99 (p<0.001) for those with both CHD and depressive symptoms when compared to participants without either condition. The two latter risk-factor groups remained at increased risk after adjustments for relevant confounders. The relative excess risk due to the interaction between depressive symptoms and CHD for all-cause mortality was 3.58 (95% CI −0.09 to 7.26), showing some evidence of an additive interaction. A similar pattern was also observed for cardiovascular death. Conclusions This study provides evidence that depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death and that this risk is particularly marked in depressive participants with co-morbid CHD.