Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Substance abuse by women and its effects on family cohesion in rural villages in the Nkonkobe municipality, Eastern Cape

There is a paucity of research in the area of women abusing substances and the effects thereof on family cohesion. Lameman (2008:83) has claimed that “women substance abuse is surrounded by secrecy owing to the societal position and history of women in South Africa and worldwide”. Because women abuse substances in private it is reasonable to assume that there is little known on the effects of such abuse on especially the family and society at large. Mammam (2006:55) points out that “families continue to evolve like any other system as a way of adapting to the environment and responding to the changes around it”. Families continue to survive because of the attractiveness the family has to its members. Studies on family cohesion such as by Grisham and Adele (2008) reflect some of the most important reflectors of family cohesion as respect, sharing values and beliefs, emotional support, trust, intimacy and the ability to confide in each other. The survival of the family therefore rests on cohesion. Since a family is a unit there are different roles played by each member and in rural settings where roles, status and perceptions in terms of gender are slow to change, the question was how substance abuse by a woman would possibly affect family cohesion. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) 2011 World Drug Report indicated that South Africa is a major African hub for certain drugs such as heroin and cannabis (marijuana), as well as a major producer of others, including methamphetamines. Large numbers of South African citizens also abuse drugs and alcohol, and the country has one of the world’s highest alcohol consumption levels per drinker. Possibly the greatest negative effect of drug and alcohol abuse is that it slows down or stops emotional and psychological development, preventing people from reaching their full potential, (UNODC, 2011). Added to this is the burden placed on society by health care and criminal justice costs related to substance abuse, as well as the costs associated with decreased productivity in the workplace, increased HIV transmission, domestic violence, injury and death (UNODC, 2011)
Harmonic detection methods of active filters for adjustable speed drive applications

This paper describes harmonic detection methods used in industrial shunt active filters, designed for adjustable speed drive applications. The methods are based on overall — broadband and selective harmonic detection technique. All methods are described and analyzed in the paper together with several practical design steps. The methods are compared in the case of voltage unbalance and pre distortion, commonly met in industrial applications, which enable to conclude their comparison.
Evolution of Pairwise Commitment and Cooperation

When starting a new collaborative endeavor, it pays to establish upfront how strongly your partners commit to the common goal and what compensation can be expected in case the collaboration is violated. Diverse examples in biological and social contexts have demonstrated the pervasiveness of making prior agreements on posterior compensations, suggesting that this behavior could have been shaped by natural selection (Nesse, 2001; Han, 2013). We discuss here our work in (Han et al., 2013), wherein we analyze the evolutionary relevance of such a commitment strategy in the context of the pairwise one-shot Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD). The commitment strategy proposes, prior to any interaction, its co-player to commit to cooperate in the PD, paying a cost to render the commitment deal reliable (e.g. the cost to hire a layer to make a legal contract). Those players that commit and then default (i.e. defects) have to compensate their nondefaulting co-player. Resorting to methods of Evolutionary Game Theory (Sigmund, 2010), we analyze, both mathematically and using numerical simulations, the viability of such a commitment strategy in the copresence of different free-riding strategies, including the one that commits but then defaults on the commitment, and the one that commits and cooperates only if someone else pays the cost of arranging the commitment (namely, this strategy defects if there is no commitment in place). Our results show that when the cost of arranging a commitment deal is justified with respect to the benefit of cooperation, substantial levels of cooperation can be achieved, even without repeated interactions. On the one hand, commitment proposers can get rid of those individuals that agree to cooperate yet act differently, and, on the other hand, they can maintain a sufficient advantage over those that cooperate only if the commitment is set up by someone else, because a commitment proposer will cooperate with players alike herself, while the latter defect among themselves.
Characterization of Potential Polysaccharide Utilization Systems in the Marine Bacteroidetes Gramella Flava JLT2011 Using a Multi-Omics Approach

Members of phylum Bacteroidetes are distributed across diverse marine niches and Flavobacteria is often the predominant bacterial class decomposing algae-derived polysaccharides. Here, we report the complete genome of Gramella flava JLT2011 (Flavobacteria) isolated from surface water of the southeastern Pacific. A remarkable genomic feature is that the number of glycoside hydrolase (GH) genes in the genome of G. flava JLT2011 is more than 2-fold higher than that of other Gramella species. The functional profiles of the GHs suggest extensive variation in Gramella species. Growth experiments revealed that G. flava JLT2011 has the ability to utilize a wide range of polysaccharides for growth such as xylan and homogalacturonan in pectin. Nearly half of all GH genes were located on the multi-gene polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) or PUL-like systems in G. flava JLT2011. This species was also found to harbor the two xylan PULs and a pectin PUL, respectively. Gene expression data indicated that more GHs and sugar-specific outer-membrane susC-susD systems were found in the presence of xylan than in the presence of pectin, suggesting a different strategy for heteropolymeric xylan and homoglacturonan utilization. Multi-omics data (transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) indicated that xylan PULs and pectin PUL are respectively involved in the catabolism of their corresponding polysaccharides. This work presents a comparison of polysaccharide decomposition within a genus and expands current knowledge on the diversity and function of PULs in marine Bacteroidetes, thereby deepening our understanding of their ecological role in polysaccharide remineralization in the marine system.
Robust multi-directional bicycle recognition on the rotation using the in-vehicle cameras

Many researches have worked for the development of automotive technologies, so as to realize a convenient and safety automotive society such as Advanced Safety Vehicle (ASV) and Traffic Monitoring System (TMS). As a result, traffic accidents have decreased as the years pass, and the number of the dead and injuries have been reduced. However, autonomous driving is not only required to detect bicycles around vehicles, but also expected to understand the behaviors of bicycles. In addition, since the proportion of bicycle accident shows a high percentage in the total traffic accident, it has been predicted an increase of the accident of the bicycle in the future. Therefore we propose a multi-directional bicycle recognition system using the disparity information obtained by the stereo camera. In the proposed system, we divide the moving direction of the bicycle into three directions. In addition, we propose a robust feature extraction method on rotation in order to cope with the bicycle between each direction. Finally, we show the experimental results and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Is Self – Employment Really a Bad Experience ?

We use propensity score matching methods to quantify the effects of past self–employment experience on subsequent earnings in dependent employment using data on the population of Danish men observed between 1990 and 1996. Our results generally confirm existing studies in that we find that a spell of self–employment is associated with lower hourly wages compared to workers who were consecutively wage–employed. We also show, however, that this effect disappears — and even becomes positive in some settings — for formerly self–employed who find dependent employment in the same sector as their self–employment sector. Hence, the on average negative effect of self–employment is rather caused by sector–switching than by the self–employment experience per se. Moreover, formerly self–employed who either enjoyed a high income or hired at least one worker during their self– employment spell receive wages in subsequent dependent employment that are at least as high as for individuals who have been consecutively wage– employed. JEL classification: L26, C21
Comprehensive Identification of SUMO2/3 Targets and Their Dynamics during Mitosis

During mitosis large alterations in cellular structures occur rapidly, which to a large extent is regulated by post-translational modification of proteins. Modification of proteins with the small ubiquitin-related protein SUMO2/3 regulates mitotic progression, but few mitotic targets have been identified so far. To deepen our understanding of SUMO2/3 during this window of the cell cycle, we undertook a comprehensive proteomic characterization of SUMO2/3 modified proteins in mitosis and upon mitotic exit. We developed an efficient tandem affinity purification strategy of SUMO2/3 modified proteins from mitotic cells. Combining this purification strategy with cell synchronization procedures and quantitative mass spectrometry allowed for the mapping of numerous novel targets and their dynamics as cells progressed out of mitosis. This identified RhoGDIα as a major SUMO2/3 modified protein, specifically during mitosis, mediated by the SUMO ligases PIAS2 and PIAS3. Our data provide a rich resource for further exploring the role of SUMO2/3 modifications in mitosis and cell cycle regulation.
Cleavage of a Neuroinvasive Human Respiratory Virus Spike Glycoprotein by Proprotein Convertases Modulates Neurovirulence and Virus Spread within the Central Nervous System

Human coronaviruses (HCoV) are respiratory pathogens that may be associated with the development of neurological diseases, in view of their neuroinvasive and neurotropic properties. The viral spike (S) glycoprotein is a major virulence factor for several coronavirus species, including the OC43 strain of HCoV (HCoV-OC43). In an attempt to study the role of this protein in virus spread within the central nervous system (CNS) and neurovirulence, as well as to identify amino acid residues important for such functions, we compared the sequence of the S gene found in the laboratory reference strain HCoV-OC43 ATCC VR-759 to S sequences of viruses detected in clinical isolates from the human respiratory tract. We identified one predominant mutation at amino acid 758 (from RRSR↓ G 758 to RRSR↓R 758), which introduces a putative furin-like cleavage (↓) site. Using a molecular cDNA infectious clone to generate a corresponding recombinant virus, we show for the first time that such point mutation in the HCoV-OC43 S glycoprotein creates a functional cleavage site between the S1 and S2 portions of the S protein. While the corresponding recombinant virus retained its neuroinvasive properties, this mutation led to decreased neurovirulence while potentially modifying the mode of virus spread, likely leading to a limited dissemination within the CNS. Taken together, these results are consistent with the adaptation of HCoV-OC43 to the CNS environment, resulting from the selection of quasi-species harboring mutations that lead to amino acid changes in viral genes, like the S gene in HCoV-OC43, which may contribute to a more efficient establishment of a less pathogenic but persistent CNS infection. This adaptative mechanism could potentially be associated with human encephalitis or other neurological degenerative pathologies.
Analytic fusion of visual cues in model-based camera tracking

Model-based camera tracking is a technology that estimates a camera pose by tracking visual cues, i.e. points and edges on a known 3D scene model, in camera images. In model-based camera tracking, it has been a main challenge how to use the visual cues effectively for better performance. In this paper, we carefully analyze the dependency of the visual cues on tracking conditions (or environments) and propose a formula for integrating the visual cues cooperatively into a single framework based on the analysis. Then, we demonstrate that the analytic integration outperforms separate use of either cue and expedient integration of visual cues in arbitrary environments through experiments with synthetic camera images for which ground truth camera poses are given.
Traffic anomaly detection in DDos flooding attack

Researches have been conducted to overcome Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) flooding attack. Beside the use of signature based detection, anomaly based detection is also used to detect the attack. Several methods such as statistic, information theory, data mining and forecasting have been proposed. In several researches, they just focused to detect the traffic anomaly, but not to recognize the types of anomaly that were detected such as flashcrowd, types of botnet, types of DDoS, and prevention action. In this paper we categorize anomaly traffic detection system based on process and capability focus. Anomaly detection system process including traffic features, preprocessing, and detection process. Capability focus based on each main research problem to be solved, there are detectingonly anomaly, types of anomaly, and prevention system that include process to overcome the attack. At the end of paper, we provide overview of research direction and opportunities that may be done in future research.
Music Instrument Identification Using MFCC: Erhu as an Example

： In the analysis of musical acoustics, we usually use the power spectrum to describe the difference between timbres from two music instruments. However, according to our experiments, the power spectrum cannot be used as effective features for erhu instrument identification. In this paper, we use MFCC (mel-scale frequency cepstral coefficients) as features for music instrument identification using GMM (Gaussian mixture models); the result is very encouraging. MFCC and GMM are commonly used in speech/speaker recognition with success. This paper demonstrates that MFCC and GMM can also be used for erhu instrument identification. Immediate extension of the current work includes MFCC-based music instrument assessment and music acoustic analysis.
Power control for multiple spectrum-sharing networks under random geometric topologies

This paper develops a power control strategy for multiple spectrum-sharing networks of single antenna nodes in a spectrum underlay scenario. A distinguishing feature of the proposed strategy is that it requires only knowledge of the spatial distribution of the nodes, rather than instantaneous channel state information. The strategy seeks to maximize a weighted sum of the throughput of each network while guaranteeing specified successful transmission probabilities. In its native form, this joint power allocation problem is difficult to solve. However, we show that the problem can be transformed into a convex optimization formulation that can be efficiently solved using general purpose tools. Furthermore, we analyze the optimality conditions and obtain a quasi-closed form solution reminiscent of waterfilling. Numerical results demonstrate that spectrum sharing employing the proposed optimal power yields a substantial throughput gain over allocating the spectrum to a single network.
Signature-based algorithms to compute Gröbner bases

Abstract This paper describes a Buchberger-style algorithm to compute a Gröbner basis of a polynomial ideal, allowing for a selection strategy based on "signatures". We explain how three recent algorithms can be viewed as different strategies for the new algorithm, and how other selection strategies can be formulated. We describe a fourth as an example. We analyze the strategies both theoretically and empirically, leading to some surprising results.
Improving the prospects for detecting extrasolar planets in gravitational microlensing events in 2002

Gravitational microlensing events of high magnification have been shown to be promising targets for detecting extrasolar planets. However, only a few events of high magnification have been found using conventional survey techniques. Here we demonstrate that high-magnification events can be readily found in microlensing surveys using a strategy that combines high-frequency sampling of target fields with on-line difference imaging analysis. We present 10 microlensing events with peak magnifications greater than 40 that were detected in real-time towards the Galactic bulge during 2001 by the Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA) project. We show that Earth-mass planets can be detected in future events such as these through intensive follow-up observations around the event peaks. We report this result with urgency as a similar number of such events are expected in 2002.
Variability-aware performance prediction: A statistical learning approach

Configurable software systems allow stakeholders to derive program variants by selecting features. Understanding the correlation between feature selections and performance is important for stakeholders to be able to derive a program variant that meets their requirements. A major challenge in practice is to accurately predict performance based on a small sample of measured variants, especially when features interact. We propose a variability-aware approach to performance prediction via statistical learning. The approach works progressively with random samples, without additional effort to detect feature interactions. Empirical results on six real-world case studies demonstrate an average of 94% prediction accuracy based on small random samples. Furthermore, we investigate why the approach works by a comparative analysis of performance distributions. Finally, we compare our approach to an existing technique and guide users to choose one or the other in practice.
A Hierarchical Approach to Service Negotiation

Service negotiation allows a service client to negotiate with a service provider on the terms of service. Much existing work on service negotiation assumes that a provider will define its negotiation strategy in terms of the state of its resources. This approach can lead to complex strategy and assumes, unrealistically, that providers have full knowledge and control of their resources. We propose a hierarchical model of service negotiation in which negotiation strategy is defined in terms of sub-negotiations with internal or external agents. This model helps to manage the complexity of negotiation strategy by allowing it to be decomposed, with each component having well-defined scope. In this paper we present our hierarchical negotiation model, and a negotiation protocol and negotiation policy language based on it.
Contact-Free Detection of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Based on Wavelet Information Entropy Spectrum Using Bio-Radar

Judgment and early danger warning of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is meaningful to the diagnosis of sleep illness. This paper proposed a novel method based on wavelet information entropy spectrum to make an apnea judgment of the OSA respiratory signal detected by bio-radar in wavelet domain. It makes full use of the features of strong irregularity and disorder of respiratory signal resulting from the brain stimulation by real, low airflow during apnea. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method is effective for detecting the occurrence of sleep apnea and is also able to detect some apnea cases that the energy spectrum method cannot. Ultimately, the comprehensive judgment accuracy resulting from 10 groups of OSA data is 93.1%, which is promising for the non-contact aided-diagnosis of the OSA.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Induces HDAC1-Mediated Suppression of IL-12B Gene Expression in Macrophages

Downregulation of host gene expression is one of the many strategies employed by intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) to survive inside the macrophages and cause disease. The underlying molecular mechanism behind the downregulation of host defense gene expression is largely unknown. In this study we explored the role of histone deacetylation in macrophages in response to infection by virulent MTB H37Rv in manipulating host gene expression. We show a significant increase in the levels of HDAC1 with a concomitant and marked reduction in the levels of histone H3-acetylation in macrophages containing live, but not killed, virulent MTB. Additionally, we show that HDAC1 is recruited to the promoter of IL-12B in macrophages infected with live, virulent MTB, and the subsequent hypoacetylation of histone H3 suppresses the expression of this gene which plays a key role in initiating Th1 responses. By inhibiting immunologically relevant kinases, and by knockdown of crucial transcriptional regulators, we demonstrate that protein kinase-A (PKA), CREB, and c-Jun play an important role in regulating HDAC1 level in live MTB-infected macrophages. By chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis, we prove that HDAC1 expression is positively regulated by the recruitment of c-Jun to its promoter. Knockdown of HDAC1 in macrophages significantly reduced the survival of intracellular MTB. These observations indicate a novel HDAC1-mediated epigenetic modification induced by live, virulent MTB to subvert the immune system to survive and replicate in the host.
SPEAKER RECOGNITION USING GMM

1) Sr. Assistant Professor , CSE Department, MVGR College of Engineering , Vizainagaram. emailgsk@gmail.com 2) Student, M.Tech (SE), Avanthi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Makavarapalem, Visakhapatnam. Kaprasad_raju@yahoo.com 3) Professor, Avanthi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Makavarapalem, Visakhapatnam, 4) Associate Professor, CSE Department ,MVGR College of Engineering, Vizainagaram. patchikolla@yahoo.com
Section 5: Decision Support, Knowledge Representation and Management: Decision Support, Knowledge Representation and Management in Medicine

Summary Objectives Clinical decision-support systems (CDSSs) are being recognized as important tools for improving quality of care. In this paper, we review the literature to find trends in CDSSs that were developed over the last few decades and give some indication of future directions in developing successful, usable clinical decisionsupport systems. Methods We searched PubMed for papers that were published during the past five years with the words Decision Support Systems appearing in the title and used our own knowledge of the field for earlier work. Results The goals of developers of modern CDSSs are to develop systems that deliver needed information and could be integrated with the healthcare’s organizational dynamics. Such CDSSs form part of knowledge-management activities that healthcare organizations employ in order to excel. During the past few decades, we have witnessed a gradual maturation of knowledge representation formalisms and the needed infrastructure for developing integrated CDSSs, including electronic health record systems (EHR), standard terminologies, and messaging standards for exchange of clinical data. The demand for CDSSs that are effective and that will evolve as circumstances change gave rise to methodologies that guide developers on the construction and evaluation of CDSSs. Conclusion Although there exist many approaches for representing, managing and delivering clinical knowledge, the design and implementation of good and useful systems that will last and evolve are still active areas of research. The gradual maturation of EHR and infrastructure standards should make it possible for CDSSs implementers to make major contributions to the delivery of healthcare.