Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Commercially Formulated Water on the Hydration Status of Dehydrated Collegiate Wrestlers

Valiente, JS, Utter, AC, Quindry, JC, and Nieman, DC. Effects of commercially formulated water on the hydration status of dehydrated collegiate wrestlers. J Strength Cond Res 23(8): 2210-2216, 2009-The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different drinks (commercially formulated water, bottled water, and a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage) on blood and urinary markers of hydration after acute dehydration in collegiate wrestlers. Twenty-one athletes were recruited to perform a randomized, crossover study comparing the effectiveness of commercially formulated water, carbohydrate-electrolyte (6% or 60 g·L−1), or regular bottled water (placebo) in promoting rehydration after a 3% reduction in body mass. Urine specific gravity (Usg), urine osmolarity (Uosm), plasma osmolarity (Posm), and plasma volume were measured pre- and post-dehydration and at 1 hour after rehydration. Statistical analyses used a 3 (conditions) × 3 (times) repeated measures analysis of variance. Significant (p < 0.01) interactions were found for Posm, Uosm, and Usg. Posm returned to baseline levels and Uosm remained in a lower balance after 1 hour of rehydration in the trials of the commercially formulated water and regular bottled water. No significant interactions were found for plasma volume shift. The findings of this study demonstrate that the commercially formulated water was no more effective in promoting rehydration than either a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution or plain water in collegiate wrestlers after a 3% reduction in body mass and a rehydration period of 1 hour when consuming 100% of their body weight loss.
Composite metric R2 − R1ρ (1/T2 − 1/T1ρ) as a potential MR imaging biomarker associated with changes in pain after ACL reconstruction: A six‐month follow‐up

This study looked to investigate a new quantitative metric, R2 − R1ρ (1/T2 − 1/T1ρ), using magnetic resonance (MR) images and voxel‐based relaxometry (VBR) for detecting early cartilage degeneration and explore the association with patient‐reported outcomes measures (PROMs) in patients 6 months after ACL reconstruction. Sixty‐four patients from three sites were bilaterally scanned on a 3T MR with a combined T1ρ/T2 protocol to calculate R1ρ (1/T1ρ) and R2 (1/T2) values at baseline and 6 months after reconstructive surgery. Non‐rigid registration was applied to align images onto a template, allowing VBR to determine VBR rate differences and explore cross‐sectional and longitudinal differences between injured and uninjured knees, generating Statistical Parametric Maps (SPMs). Baseline R2 − R1ρ differences were further correlated with change in PROMs from the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) from baseline to 6 months. Cross‐sectional results demonstrated low relaxation rate differences in the injured patella (baseline: 21%, p = 0.01; 6‐months: 18%, p = 0.02), lateral tibia (baseline: 25%, p = 0.01; 6‐months: 24%, p = 0.01), and weight‐bearing regions of the tibia and femur. The uninjured patella showed significant longitudinal changes (17%, p = 0.02). R2 − R1ρ differences showed significant correlations with KOOS PROMs, particularly in the lateral tibia, patella, and trochlea. R2 − R1ρ difference VBR analyses provide new and highly sensitive parameters for assessing early cartilage degeneration in patients after ACL injury by integrating findings from both T1ρ and T2, commonly used relaxation time parameters, into a single metric. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:718–729, 2017.
Intraoperative Imprint Cytologic Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast

Background:The evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) from a woman with lobular cancer of the breast is frequently challenging. Intraoperative imprint cytology (IIC) is equivalent to frozen sectioning for rapid SLN evaluation and is advantageous because it is rapid, reliable, cost-effective, and conserves tissue. Metastatic lobular carcinoma is difficult to identify in SLN because of its low-grade cytomorphology, its tendency to infiltrate lymph nodes in a single cell pattern, and because individual cells can resemble lymphocytes. We are unaware of any large published studies, using any technique, to evaluate SLN for lobular carcinoma. Methods:A retrospective review of the intraoperative imprint cytology results of 678 SLN mapping procedures for breast carcinoma was performed. From this cohort, we studied SLN from cases of lobular carcinoma. These SLN were evaluated intraoperatively by either bisecting or slicing the SLN into 4-mm sections. Imprints were made of each cut surface and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and/or Diff-Quik. Permanent sections were evaluated with up to 4 hematoxylin and eosin-stained levels and cytokeratin immunohistochemistry. IIC results were compared with final histologic results. Results:Sixty-one cases of pure invasive lobular carcinoma were identified. Sensitivity was 52%, specificity was 100%, accuracy was 82%, negative predictive value was 78%. No statistically significant differences in sensitivity, specificity or accuracy were identified for the intraoperative detection of lobular carcinoma versus ductal carcinoma. The sensitivity for detecting macrometastases (more than 2 mm) was better than for detecting micrometastases, 73 versus 25%, respectively (P = 0.059). Conclusions:The sensitivity and specificity of IIC are similar to that of intraoperative frozen section evaluation. Therefore, IIC is a viable alternative to frozen sectioning when intraoperative evaluation is required. If SLN micrometastasis is used to determine the need for further lymphadenectomy, more sensitive intraoperative methods will be needed to avoid a second operation.
The development of multiple role-related selves during adolescence

The organization of the adolescent self-portrait is discussed within a framework that focuses on the construction of multiple self-representations across different relational contexts. Contradictions between self-attributes in different contexts create conflict, beginning in midadolescence when cognitive-developmental structures allow one to detect but not resolve opposing attributes. Conflict is greater across roles than within roles. Moreover, for certain roles (e.g., self with mother vs. self with father) conflict is higher. Females, particularly those with a feminine gender orientation, report greater conflict involving attributes in more public contexts. Opposing self-attributes also raise concerns for adolescents about which attributes reflect true versus false self-behaviors. Conflict is more frequent for opposing attributes that pit true against false self-characteristics. False self-behavior is associated with liabilities including devaluation of false self-attributes, low self-esteem, and depressive reactions. Perceived support across relational contexts is highly predictive of favorable evaluations of attributes, high self-esteem, and true self-behavior within corresponding contexts. Strategies for resolving potential contradictions in self-attributes would appear to emerge as one moves into late adolescence and adulthood, when multiple self-representations are perceived as both appropriate and desirable, and the individual can achieve some degree of integration through higher level abstractions and the narrative construction of his or her life story.
Laser backside contact annealing of SiC power devices: A prerequisite for SiC thin wafer technology

We developed a new backside contact formation process for SiC power devices based on pulsed laser annealing providing an ohmic contact with lower contact resistance and better adhesion properties than contacts formed by conventional rapid thermal annealing. This process does not add any significant thermal budget to the wafer front side and therefore allows a “short thin wafer” process, means completing the wafer front side including the imide process before thinning and backside metallization. By that means both the risk of wafer breakage and substrate contribution to the total device resistance are minimized at the same time. This is clearly shown by comparing 650V SiC Schottky diodes with identical device structure but different total chip thickness (360 vs 110 μm). Besides the advantage in differential resistance also other properties like heat flux through the device (Rth), non destructive surge current density (I2t) and reliability are improved by the SiC thin wafer technology enabled by the laser backside contact annealing.
Roles of 3-Deoxy-d-manno-2-Octulosonic Acid Transferase from Moraxella catarrhalis in Lipooligosaccharide Biosynthesis and Virulence

ABSTRACT Lipooligosaccharide (LOS), a major outer membrane component of Moraxella catarrhalis, is a possible virulence factor in the pathogenesis of human infections caused by the organism. However, information about the roles of the oligosaccharide chain from LOS in bacterial infection remains limited. Here, a kdtA gene encoding 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid (Kdo) transferase, which is responsible for adding Kdo residues to the lipid A portion of the LOS, was identified by transposon mutagenesis and construction of an isogenic kdtA mutant in strain O35E. The resulting O35EkdtA mutant produced only lipid A without any core oligosaccharide, and it was viable. Physicochemical and biological analysis revealed that the mutant was susceptible to hydrophobic reagents and a hydrophilic glycopeptide and was sensitive to bactericidal activity of normal human serum. Importantly, the mutant showed decreased toxicity by the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay, reduced adherence to human epithelial cells, and enhanced clearance in lungs and nasopharynx in a mouse aerosol challenge model. These data suggest that the oligosaccharide moiety of the LOS is important for the biological activity of the LOS and the virulence capability of the bacteria in vitro and in vivo. This study may bring new insights into novel vaccines or therapeutic interventions against M. catarrhalis infections.
A prospective study of the role of depression in the development and persistence of adolescent obesity.

BACKGROUND Adolescent obesity is a strong predictor of adult obesity, and adult obesity has been associated with depression, especially in women. Studies have also suggested an association between depression in adolescence and higher body mass index (BMI) in adulthood. Whether depression leads to obesity or obesity causes depression is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine in longitudinal analyses whether depressed mood predicts the development and persistence of obesity in adolescents. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 9374 adolescents in grades 7 through 12 who completed in-home interviews for the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Assessments were made at baseline (1995) and at follow-up 1 year later. Depressed mood was assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. BMI (kg/m2) was calculated from self-reported height and weight. BMI percentiles and z scores were computed using the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Obesity was defined as BMI > or =95th percentile, overweight as BMI > or =85th percentile and <95th percentile, and normal weight as BMI <85th percentile. A parental respondent gave information on household income, parental education, and parental obesity. RESULTS At baseline, 12.9% were overweight, 9.7% were obese, and 8.8% had depressed mood. Baseline depression was not significantly correlated with baseline obesity. Among the 9.7% who were obese at follow-up, 79.6% were obese at baseline, 18.6% were overweight at baseline, and 1.8% were normal weight at baseline. Having depressed mood at baseline independently predicted obesity at follow-up (odds ratio: 2.05; 95% confidence interval: 1.18, 3.56) after controlling for BMI z score at baseline, age, race, gender, parental obesity, number of parents in the home, and family socioeconomic status. This finding persisted after controlling further for the adolescents' report of smoking, self-esteem, delinquent behavior (conduct disorder), and physical activity. After controlling for all these same factors, depressed mood at baseline also predicted obesity at follow-up among those not obese at baseline (odds ratio: 2.05; 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 4.06) and follow-up BMI z score among those obese at baseline (beta = 0.11; standard error beta = 0.05). In contrast, baseline obesity did not predict follow-up depression. CONCLUSIONS Depressed adolescents are at increased risk for the development and persistence of obesity during adolescence. Understanding the shared biological and social determinants linking depressed mood and obesity may inform the prevention and treatment of both disorders.
Glycopeptide Susceptibility Profiles ofStaphylococcus haemolyticus Bloodstream Isolates

ABSTRACT Twelve clinical strains of Staphylococcus haemolyticus(eight methicillin resistant and three methicillin susceptible), isolated from blood cultures between 1982 and 1997, were investigated for teicoplanin and vancomycin susceptibility profiles. On the basis of conventional MIC tests and breakpoints, four isolates were susceptible (MICs, 1 to 8 μg/ml) and eight were resistant (MICs, 32 to 64 μg/ml) to teicoplanin while all were susceptible to vancomycin (MICs, 1 to 2 μg/ml). All four strains for which the conventional teicoplanin MICs were within the range of susceptibility expressed heterogeneous resistance to teicoplanin and homogeneous vancomycin susceptibility. Of the eight strains for which the conventional teicoplanin MICs were within the range of resistance, six expressed heterogeneous and two expressed homogeneous teicoplanin resistance while seven showed heterogeneous vancomycin resistance profiles (with subpopulations growing on 8 μg of the drug per ml at frequencies of ≥10−6 for six strains and 10−7 for one) and one demonstrated homogeneous vancomycin susceptibility. Of six bloodstream isolates of other staphylococcal species (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. simulans), for all of which the conventional teicoplanin MICs were ≥4 μg/ml and the vancomycin MICs were ≤2 μg/ml, none exhibited heterogeneous susceptibility profiles for teicoplanin while three showed homogeneous and three showed heterogeneous susceptibility profiles for vancomycin (with subpopulations growing on 8 μg of the drug per ml found for only one strain). The results of this study indicate that a heterogeneous response to glycopeptides is a common feature of S. haemolyticus isolates and suggest that susceptibility to glycopeptides as determined by conventional MIC tests may not be predictive of the outcome of glycopeptide therapy.
Rearrangement of the Chromatin Organizer Special AT-rich Binding Protein 1 Gene, SATB1, Resulting from a t(3;5)(p24;q14) Chromosomal Translocation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

BACKGROUND/AIM New chromosomal aberrations continue to be reported in acute myeloid leukemias (AML). The addition of more cases with the same genetic characteristics would establish an acquired aberration as a recurrent change, help determine its prognostic significance, and can provide insight into the mechanisms of leukemogenesis in patients with these rare abnormalities. CASE REPORT RNA-sequencing was performed on a patient with AML with the bone marrow karyotype 46,XY,t(3;5)(p24;q14)[5]/46,XY[10]. The translocation resulted in fusion of the SATB homeobox 1 gene (SATB1) (3p24) with an expression sequence tag with accession number BG503445 (5q14). The SATB1-BG503445 transcript may code for a SATB1 protein that would lack the C-terminal DNA-binding homeodomain. CONCLUSION The present study is the first to demonstrate rearrangement and disruption of SATB1 in AML. Rearrangements of chromosome band 3p24 were reported in 24 additional AMLs but not in known leukemia-specific chromosomal abnormalities. Further studies are needed to determine whether SATB1-BG503445 or other aberrations of SATB1 are recurrent in AML.
Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells

Recent observations indicate that, in several types of human cancer, only a phenotypic subset of cancer cells within each tumor is capable of initiating tumor growth. This functional subset of cancer cells is operationally defined as the “cancer stem cell” (CSC) subset. Here we developed a CSC model for the study of human colorectal cancer (CRC). Solid CRC tissues, either primary tissues collected from surgical specimens or xenografts established in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice, were disaggregated into single-cell suspensions and analyzed by flow cytometry. Surface markers that displayed intratumor heterogeneous expression among epithelial cancer cells were selected for cell sorting and tumorigenicity experiments. Individual phenotypic cancer cell subsets were purified, and their tumor-initiating properties were investigated by injection in NOD/SCID mice. Our observations indicate that, in six of six human CRC tested, the ability to engraft in vivo in immunodeficient mice was restricted to a minority subpopulation of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)high/CD44+ epithelial cells. Tumors originated from EpCAMhigh/CD44+ cells maintained a differentiated phenotype and reproduced the full morphologic and phenotypic heterogeneity of their parental lesions. Analysis of the surface molecule repertoire of EpCAMhigh/CD44+ cells led to the identification of CD166 as an additional differentially expressed marker, useful for CSC isolation in three of three CRC tested. These results validate the stem cell working model in human CRC and provide a highly robust surface marker profile for CRC stem cell isolation.
Establishment of trophoblast stem cell lines from somatic cell nuclear-transferred embryos

Placental abnormalities occur frequently in cloned animals. Here, we attempted to isolate trophoblast stem (TS) cells from mouse blastocysts produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) at the blastocyst stage (NT blastocysts). Despite the predicted deficiency of the trophoblast cell lineage, we succeeded in isolating cell colonies with typical morphology of TS cells and cell lines from the NT blastocysts (ntTS cell lines) with efficiency as high as that from native blastocysts. The established 10 ntTS cell lines could be maintained in the undifferentiated state and induced to differentiate into several trophoblast subtypes in vitro. A comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional and epigenetic traits demonstrated that ntTS cells were indistinguishable from control TS cells. In addition, ntTS cells contributed exclusively to the placenta and survived until term in chimeras, indicating that ntTS cells have developmental potential as stem cells. Taken together, our data show that NT blastocysts contain cells that can produce TS cells in culture, suggesting that proper commitment to the trophoblast cell lineage in NT embryos occurs by the blastocyst stage.
Proving COMI: Seeking Recognition Under Chapter 15 of the US Bankruptcy Code

Lifland J's decision in Re Bear Stearns High-Grade Structured Credit Strategies Master Fund (Bankr.S.D.N.Y. September 5, 2007) clearly comports with the intent and structure of chapter 15 that the determination of the existence of a foreign main or non-main proceeding is a definitional matter, not a discretionary matter. If a foreign proceeding is neither main nor non-main, it is not entitled to recognition under chapter 15. The same outcome would obtain in England under the Cross-Border Insolvency Regulations 2006. Nevertheless, recognition and assistance under s 426 of the UK Insolvency Act 1986 remain possible - Re Basis Yield Alpha Fund (Master) is a case in point. Regardless of the position under the EC Insolvency Regulation, the presumption in chapter 15 that a company has its COMI at the place of its registered office is only meant for speed and convenience of proof where there is no serious controversy. It does not have special evidentiary value and does not shift the burden of proof. It is the foreign representative who must prove the location of COMI in all cases. It is suggested that the English court should also adopt the same approach under the Cross-Border Insolvency Regulations 2006.
Laboratory Detection of Haemophilus influenzae with Decreased Susceptibility to Nalidixic Acid, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Moxifloxacin Due to gyrA and parC Mutations

ABSTRACT The detection of clinical isolates with decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibilities and a resistance mechanism is of epidemiological and clinical interest. We studied the susceptibilities of 62 clinical isolates and 2 American Type Culture Collection reference strains of Haemophilus influenzae to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and nalidixic acid by the microdilution and disk diffusion methods. The ciprofloxacin MICs for 34 of the isolates were ≥0.12 μg/ml (range, 0.12 to 32 μg/ml), and the ciprofloxacin MICs for 28 matched control isolates were ≤0.06 μg/ml. In addition, we sequenced the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC of all strains. The log2 MICs of all quinolones were plotted against the inhibition zone diameters. The MICs and inhibition zone diameters selected to screen for the resistance mechanism were based on the susceptibility distribution data and the presence or absence of amino acid changes in the QRDRs of GyrA and ParC. Strains for which ciprofloxacin MICs were ≤0.06 μg/ml, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin MICs were ≤0.03 μg/ml, and nalidixic acid MICs were ≤2.0 μg/ml lacked modifications in the QRDR of GyrA. In contrast, all strains for which ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin MICs were ≥0.5 μg/ml and the vast majority of those for which nalidixic acid MICs were ≥32 μg/ml exhibited amino acid changes in GyrA and ParC. Nalidixic acid and the other three fluoroquinolones studied could be used to screen H. influenzae isolates for the detection of decreased susceptibilities to quinolones due to the acquisition of two amino acid changes in the QRDRs of GyrA and ParC (sensitivity, >95%; specificity, >80%).
"The sponge perineum:" an innovative method of teaching fourth-degree obstetric perineal laceration repair to family medicine residents.

BACKGROUND Fourth-degree perineal lacerations are an uncommon, unpredictable injury that family physicians may face. METHODS After a needs assessment and feasibility review, we developed goals, objectives, instructional tools, and a feedback survey for a curriculum using a novel model to simulate perineal laceration repair. RESULTS Fifty-six learners evaluated the session, expressing increased confidence with perineal laceration repair, the usefulness of the model, and their desire to see it included in the Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics course. CONCLUSIONS The "sponge perineum" is an inexpensive, effective tool to teach perineal laceration repair. Further study is needed with actual patient experiences.