Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BiFrameNet: Bilingual Frame Semantics Resource Construction by Cross-lingual Induction

We present a novel automatic approach to constructing a bilingual semantic network---the BiFrameNet, to enhance statistical and transfer-based machine translation systems. BiFrameNet is a frame semantic representation, and contains semantic structure transfers between English and Chinese. The English FrameNet and the Chinese HowNet provide us with two different views of the semantic distribution of lexicon by linguists. We propose to induce the mapping between the English lexical entries in FrameNet to Chinese word senses in HowNet, furnishing a bilingual semantic lexicon which simulates the "concept lexicon" supposedly used by human translators, and which can thus be beneficial to machine translation systems. BiFrameNet also contains bilingual example sentences that have the same semantic roles. We automatically induce Chinese example sentences and their semantic roles, based on semantic structure alignment from the first stage of our work, as well as shallow syntactic structure. In addition to its utility for machine-aided and machine translations, our work is also related to the spatial models proposed by cognitive scientists in the framework of artifactual simulations of the translation process.
Induction of a Mucosal Antitoxin Response and Its Role in Immunity to Experimental Canine Cholera

The induction of a jejunal antitoxin response was studied in dogs immunized with cholera toxin or toxoid. Single doses of toxoid given subcutaneously (s.c.) or of toxin given intraluminally (i.l.) were each effective in priming the mucosal immune system, whereas toxoid given i.l. was much less effective. In contrast, toxin and toxoid given i.l. were each effective as booster antigens. The local secondary response was rapid and brief, the peak occurring at about 7 days after i.l. boosting and declining by 90% after 2 more weeks. After s.c. priming and i.l. boosting with toxoid, antitoxin-containing plasma cells appeared predominantly in the portion of jejunum exposed to the i.l. booster. The appearance of antitoxin-containing plasma cells in jejunal lamina propria correlated with the amount of antitoxin recovered in jejunal washings which, in turn, correlated with protection against challenge with cholera toxin. Thus, lamina propria antitoxin-containing plasma cells appeared to be the source of protective antitoxin. However, after sequential s.c. -oral immunization with toxoid, protection against challenge with Vibrio cholerae far outlasted the major systemic and local antitoxin responses and was not obviously explained by either. These studies reveal methods for induction of a mucosal antitoxin response, but leave in question the mechanism of prolonged protection induced by s.c. -oral immunization of dogs.
“If the Dishes Don't Get Done Today, They'll Get Done Tomorrow”: A Breast Cancer Experience as a Catalyst for Changes to Women's Leisure

Breast cancer is a life threatening illness experienced by many women. Although research is being conducted in various disciplines, the effect of breast cancer on the role of leisure throughout the illness experience has not been considered. The purpose of this study was to understand in what ways a breast cancer diagnosis and treatment alters women's experience and choice of leisure activities post-treatment. Eight women with breast cancer experiences participated. The findings indicated women's leisure changed by their making leisure a priority, seeking more meaningful leisure, and engaging in health promoting leisure. The research has implications for furthering our understanding of leisure entitlement, purposive leisure, and the ethic of care.
The Wavelet-based Contourlet Transform for Image Fusion

The wavelet-based Contourlet transform (WBCT) is a new directional transform. This transform uses the wavelet transform and the directional filter bank (DFB) to obtain a multiscale and multidirection decomposition of image. The wavelet transform and the DFB are non-redundant and perfect reconstruction. So the WBCT can be regarded as a non-redundant version of the Contourlet transform. A new image fusion scheme based on the WBCT was presented. Firstly, the WBCT is used to perform a multiscale and multidirection decomposition of each image. Then the WBCT coefficients of fused image are constructed using multiple operators according to different fusion rules. The experimental results show that this new fusion scheme is effective and the fused images are better than that of using the Laplacian pyramid transform, the wavelet transform and the Contourlet transform.
Projection into Expression Subspaces for Face Recognition from Single Sample per Person

Discriminant analysis methods are powerful tools for face recognition. However, these methods cannot be used for the single sample per person scenario because the within-subject variability cannot be estimated in this case. In the generic learning solution, this variability is estimated using images of a generic training set, for which more than one sample per person is available. However, because of rather poor estimation of the within-subject variability using a generic set, the performance of discriminant analysis methods is yet to be satisfactory. This problem particularly exists when images are under drastic facial expression variation. In this paper, we show that images with the same expression are located on a common subspace, which here we call it the expression subspace. We show that by projecting an image with an arbitrary expression into the expression subspaces, we can synthesize new expression images. By means of the synthesized images for subjects with one image sample, we can obtain more accurate estimation of the within-subject variability and achieve significant improvement in recognition. We performed comprehensive experiments on two large face databases: the Face Recognition Grand Challenge and the Cohn-Kanade AU-Coded Facial Expression database to support the proposed methodology.
Tree-Based Coarsening and Partitioning of Complex Networks

A hierarchy of increasingly coarse versions of a network allows one to represent the network on multiple scales at the same time. Often, the elementary operation for generating a hierarchy on a network is merging adjacent vertices, an operation that can be realized through contracting the edge between the two vertices. Such a hierarchy is defined by the selection of the edges to be contracted between a level and the next coarser level. The selection may involve (i) rating the edges, (ii) constraining the selection (e.g., that the selected edges form a matching), as well as (iii) maximizing the total rate of the selected edges under the constraints. Hierarchies of this kind are, among others, involved in multilevel methods for partitioning networks—a prerequisite for processing in parallel with distributed memory. In this article, we propose a new edge rating by (i) defining weights for the edges of a network that express the edges’ importance for connectivity via shortest paths, (ii) computing a minimum weight spanning tree with respect to these weights, and (iii) rating the network edges based on the conductance values of the tree’s fundamental cuts. To make the computation of our new edge rating efficient, we develop the first optimal linear-time algorithm to compute the conductance values of all fundamental cuts of a given spanning tree. We integrate the new edge rating into a leading multilevel graph partitioner and equip the latter also with a new greedy postprocessing for optimizing the Maximum Communication Volume (MCV) of a partition. Our experiments, in which we bipartition frequently used benchmark networks, show that the postprocessing reduces MCV by 11.3%. Our new edge rating, here used for matching-based coarsening, further reduces MCV by 10.3% compared to the previously best rating with MCV postprocessing in place for both ratings. In total, with a modest increase in running time, our new approach reduces the MCV of complex network partitions by 20.4%.
Finite fields and cryptology

The problem of a computationally feasible method of finding the discrete logarithm in a (large) finite field is discussed, presenting the main algorithms in this direction. Some cryptographic schemes based on the discrete logarithm are presented. Finally, the theory of linear recurring sequences is outlined, in relation to its applications in cryptology.
Concept Based Query Expansion

Concept based search is a method that enhances information retrieval systems using semantic relationships. The recall in concept based search is relatively low. That low recall comes from the fact that it is not easy to represent a concept completely. Query expansion intends to fill a gap because concept representation is always partial. Query expansion improves the recall. In this paper we present an expansion method for a concept based information retrieval. Our method uses semantic relatedness to extend user query through an undirected graph of concepts.
EarPut: augmenting behind-the-ear devices for ear-based interaction

In this work-in-progress paper, we make a case for leveraging the unique affordances of the human ear for eyes-free, mobile interaction. We present EarPut, a novel interface concept, which instruments the ear as an interactive surface for touch-based interactions and its prototypical hardware implementation. The central idea behind EarPut is to go beyond prior work by unobtrusively augmenting a variety of accessories that are worn behind the ear, such as headsets or glasses. Results from a controlled experiment with 27 participants provide empirical evidence that people are able to target salient regions on their ear effectively and precisely. Moreover, we contribute a first, systematically derived interaction design space for ear-based interaction and a set of exemplary applications.
A Search Method for the Network of Interpersonal Trust

It is difficult to effectively search for online cooperation because of the complex structure and information asymmetry of the interpersonal trust network. A search method designed in this paper is aiming at finding appropriate persons and their trust related information through the trust ties. Considering the features of the interpersonal trust network, this method extended a search algorithm of the complex network. And the method designed the transition trust formulas to provide the values of trust and trust incidents of the results in order to establish the quick trust between the search sponsor and results. This method adopted a private data protection to ensure the privacy of the search information. The search method could find out credit people and relevant trust information through the trust ties in the network of interpersonal trust, to promote the trust ties growth and the online corporation.
Using data from an encounter sampler to model fish dispersal.

A method to estimate speed of free-ranging fishes using a passive sampling device is described and illustrated with data from the Everglades, U.S.A. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) from minnow traps embedded in drift fences was treated as an encounter rate and used to estimate speed, when combined with an independent estimate of density obtained by use of throw traps that enclose 1 m(2) of marsh habitat. Underwater video was used to evaluate capture efficiency and species-specific bias of minnow traps and two sampling studies were used to estimate trap saturation and diel-movement patterns; these results were used to optimize sampling and derive correction factors to adjust species-specific encounter rates for bias and capture efficiency. Sailfin mollies Poecilia latipinna displayed a high frequency of escape from traps, whereas eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki were most likely to avoid a trap once they encountered it; dollar sunfish Lepomis marginatus were least likely to avoid the trap once they encountered it or to escape once they were captured. Length of sampling and time of day affected CPUE; fishes generally had a very low retention rate over a 24 h sample time and only the Everglades pygmy sunfish Elassoma evergladei were commonly captured at night. Dispersal speed of fishes in the Florida Everglades, U.S.A. , was shown to vary seasonally and among species, ranging from 0· 05 to 0· 15 m s(-1) for small poeciliids and fundulids to 0· 1 to 1· 8 m s(-1) for L. marginatus. Speed was generally highest late in the wet season and lowest in the dry season, possibly tied to dispersal behaviours linked to finding and remaining in dry-season refuges. These speed estimates can be used to estimate the diffusive movement rate, which is commonly employed in spatial ecological models.
Systemic inflammation disrupts the developmental program of white matter

Perinatal inflammation is a major risk factor for neurological deficits in preterm infants. Several experimental studies have shown that systemic inflammation can alter the programming of the developing brain. However, these studies do not offer detailed pathophysiological mechanisms, and they rely on relatively severe infectious or inflammatory stimuli that most likely do not reflect the levels of systemic inflammation observed in many human preterm infants. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that moderate systemic inflammation is sufficient to alter white matter development.
Gender Politics in the Dominican Republic: Advances for Women, Ambivalence from Men

Abstract A considerable body of research has analyzed the influence of the women's movement, changes in women's political representation, and policies promoting women's interests in the developing world. However, we know comparatively less about the degree to which the attitudes and behaviors of the mass public mirror these national patterns. This article explores the evolution of gender differences in citizens' political interest, civic engagement, and support for women in politics in the Dominican Republic over 1994–2004, a period important for the country's democratization as well as one of significant changes in gender-related discourse and policies. We find evidence of a shift from a traditional gender gap to a modern gender gap, but the explanations for changes in women's views are distinct from those of men. We find that sociostructural factors, particularly age and education, and cues from political elites have significantly different effects on men versus women. Women's levels of political interest and support for equality in political participation are more fixed in their youth, whereas men's levels evolve through middle age. The evidence also indicates that reducing the gender gap in political interest would significantly narrow gender differences in civic activism. Most notably, men appear to be more easily swayed by elite cues that favor or oppose women's political participation; women's support for equal participation is much less susceptible to reversals in elite support. The consolidation of advances in gender equity thus depends significantly on contextual factors such as elite discourse.
L2-Cache Miss Profiling on the p690 for a Large-scale Database Application

This paper profiles L2-cache data-load misses generated by the TPC-C benchmark executed on 8and 32-way configurations of the IBM eserver pSeries 690 (p690). Using sampled performance monitor event traces, the resolution sites of L2-cache data-load misses are identified. To determine ways to enhance performance, the heavily hit resolution sites, L3 caches and main memory, are studied with respect to associated memory regions, segments, pages, cache blocks, routines, and instructions. Collected data indicates that the related data-load hits have high concentration within regions of the address space, segments, and pages. Specifically, our results show that the buffer pool and heap regions of the TPC-C address space tend to dominate as the effective address regions for data loads satisfied in L3 caches and main memory. Furthermore, for those data loads satisfied in L3 caches, the segments, pages, and cache blocks that constitute the buffer pool exhibit a rather dense distribution. Future work will continue the analysis in an effort to define ways to remedy the performance degradation associated with L2-cache data-load misses being serviced at high-penalty levels of the p690 memory hierarchy.
Comparison of reliability of five patellar position indices at various stifle joint angles in pelvic limbs obtained from cadavers of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes).

OBJECTIVE To compare 5 patellar position indices at various stifle joint angles in cadavers of red foxes, determine measurement reliability, and assess the suitability of these indices for clinical use. SAMPLE Pelvic limbs from cadavers of 12 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). PROCEDURES Patellar position in each limb at 7 stifle joint angles (30° to 148°) was assessed by use of the Insall-Salvati (IS), modified Insall-Salvati (mIS), de Carvalho (dC), patellotrochlear (PT), and Blackburne-Peel (BP) indices. RESULTS Values for all indices varied significantly on the basis of joint angle, but for IS and mIS indices, this was minor and nonsignificant between 52° and 130° and between 52° and 148°, respectively. The dC index increased linearly, and PT and BP indices varied polynomially with increases in stifle joint angle. Stifle joint angles measured from radiographs agreed well with the goniometrically set stifle joint angles up to approximately 100° and diverged thereafter. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement was substantial for all indices, and IS index was the most precise. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IS and mIS index values were effectively independent of stifle joint angle, in contrast to dC, PT, and BP indices. The BP index varied nonsignificantly across a range of joint angles. To maximize angular accuracy, radiographs should not be obtained at joint angles > 100°. Although dC, PT, and BP indices appeared to be suitable for preoperative and postoperative evaluation of patellar position, BP index appeared to have the most promise for determination of patellar position in clinical applications.
Natural and Synthetic Alleles Provide Complementary Insights Into the Nature of Selection Acting on the Men Polymorphism of Drosophila melanogaster

Two malic enzyme alleles, Men113A and Men113G, occur at approximately equal frequency in North American populations of Drosophila melanogaster, while only Men113A occurs in African populations. We investigated the population genetics, biochemical characteristics, and selective potential of these alleles. Comparable levels of nucleotide polymorphism in both alleles suggest that the Men113G allele is not recently derived, but we find no evidence in the DNA sequence data for selection maintaining the polymorphism. Interestingly, the alleles differ in both Vmax and Km for the substrate malate. Triglyceride concentration and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities are negatively correlated with the in vivo activities of the Men alleles. We examined the causality of the observed correlations using P-element excision-derived knockout alleles of the Men gene and found significant changes in the maximum activities of both IDH and G6PD, but not in triglyceride concentration, suggesting compensatory interactions between MEN, IDH, and G6PD. Additionally, we found significantly higher than expected levels of MEN activity in knockout heterozygotes, which we attribute to transvection effects. The distinct differences in biochemistry and physiology between the naturally occurring alleles and between the engineered alleles suggest the potential for selection on the Men locus.
Efficient passage ranking for document databases

Queries to text collections are resolved by ranking the documents in the collection and returning the highest-scoring documents to the user. An alternative retrieval method is to rank passages, that is, short fragments of documents, a strategy that can improve effectiveness and identify relevant material in documents that are too large for users to consider as a whole. However, ranking of passages can considerably increase retrieval costs. In this article we explore alternative query evaluation techniques, and develop new tecnhiques for evaluating queries on passages. We show experimentally that, appropriately implemented, effective passage retrieval is practical in limited memory on a desktop machine. Compared to passage ranking with adaptations of current document ranking algorithms, our new “DO-TOS” passage-ranking algorithm requires only a fraction of the resources, at the cost of a small loss of effectiveness.
Sibling Reconstruction in Wild Populations From Microsatellite Genetic Markers

New technologies for collecting genotypic data from natural populations open the possibilities of investigating many fundamental biological phenomena, including behavior, mating systems, heritabilities of adaptive traits, kin selection, and dispersal patterns. The power and potential of genotypic information often rests in the ability to reconstruct genealogical relationships among individuals. These relationships include parentage, full and half-sibships, and higher order aspects of pedigrees. Some areas of genealogical inference, such as parentage, have been studied extensively. Although methods for pedigree inference and kinship analysis exist, most make assumptions that do not hold for wild populations of animals and plants. In this chapter, we focus on the full sibling relationship and first review existing methods for full sibship reconstructions from microsatellite genetic markers. We then describe our new combinatorial methods for sibling reconstruction based on simple Mendelian laws and its extension even in the presence of errors in the data. We also describe a generic consensus method for combining sibling reconstruction results from other methods. We present experimental comparison of the best existing approaches on both biological and simulated data. We discuss relative merits and drawbacks of existing methods and suggest a practical approach for reconstructing sibling relationships in wild populations.
Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy

Background Tendon disorders are common problems in sports and are known to be difficult to treat. Only limited information is available concerning treatment of proximal hamstring tendinopathy. To the authors’ knowledge, no histopathologic findings of proximal hamstring tendinosis have been published. Hypothesis Surgery (semimembranosus tenotomy and exploration of the sciatic nerve) is an effective treatment for proximal hamstring tendinopathy. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods A total of 103 cases of proximal hamstring tendinopathy in athletes (58 men, 32 women; 13 bilateral operations) with surgical treatment were included. The cases were retrospectively analyzed, and a 4-category rating system was used to evaluate the overall result. At the follow-up, the patients were asked about possible symptoms and their return to sports. Biopsy samples from 15 of the operated tendons were taken and analyzed by a pathologist. Results The average follow-up was 49 months (range, 12-156 months). The result was evaluated to be excellent in 62 cases, good in 30, fair in 5, and poor in 6. After surgery, 80 of the 90 patients were able to return to the same level of sporting activity as before the onset of the symptoms. This took a mean of 5 months (range, 2-12 months). Typical morphologic findings of tendinosis were found in all biopsy specimens. Conclusion Given the good functional outcome and low complication rate, the authors present surgical treatment as a valuable option in proximal hamstring tendinopathy if conservative treatment fails.