Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHAT: A System for Stylistic Classification of Hebrew-Aramaic Texts

1. Objectives CHAT, is a fully self-sufficient system for pre-processing, vectorizing and categorizing Hebrew-Aramaic texts. CHAT is designed to work with Bar-Ilan's corpus of Hebrew-Aramaic texts incorporating over 128 million words spanning more than two millennia. The kinds of problems that are of interest for this system do not concern categorization by topic but rather a number of scholarly issues concerning authorship. In particular, we are concerned with ascertaining answers to the following questions:
Sequence-specific inhibition of gene expression by a novel antisense oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioate directed against a nonregulatory region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome

Previous studies have demonstrated that oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioates complementary to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA are more nuclease resistant and are effective inhibitors of HIV-1 replication than their unmodified counterpart. In this study, antisense oligodeoxynucleotide sequences were evaluated for therapeutic potential in the treatment of HIV infections. The use of HIV-infected lymphocytes to test the efficacy of a drug is very complex, and therefore it is difficult to draw conclusions about the mechanism. We used a COS-like Monkey kidney cell line (CMT3) stably transfected with plasmids pCMVgagpol-rre-r (containing gag and pol genes) and pCMVrev (containing the rev gene of HIV-1), derived from cDNA clone BH10, as a model. A biologically active provirus that transcribes and translates their nucleotide sequences into viral proteins p24, p39/41, p55, and p160 was generated. Sequence-specific and dose-dependent inhibition of HIV-1 viral protein synthesis and significant inhibition at the mRNA level were demonstrated by antisense construct GPI2A, directed against a nonregulatory region of the HIV-1 genome. Also, our studies demonstrated enhancement of the antisense effect through encapsulation in a cationic lipid preparation. The observed attenuation of HIV-1 mRNA levels suggests that, at least in part, the mechanism of action of GPI2A was at the transcript level. Further studies have also shown antiviral activity of this construct as determined by the reverse transcriptase assay using acutely and chronically infected cells of lymphoid origin (H9 cells). Toxicological studies involving cell growth characteristics, colony-forming ability, effects on cellular proteins, specific activities of labeled proteins, and DNA synthesis in cell culture showed no cytotoxic effects of GPI2A.
Performances of microbial fuel cells fed with rejected wastewater from BioCH4 and BioH2 processes treating molasses wastewater

ABSTRACT An integrated process involving conventional anaerobic digestion and microbial fuel cells (MFCs) has attracted attention recently to produce sustainable energy and to treat wastewater efficiently. To evaluate the possibility of CH4-producing process (BioCH4)-MFC or H2-producing process (BioH2)-MFC integrating systems, the MFC performances were investigated using rejected wastewater from a BioCH4 reactor (RWCH4) or BioH2 reactor (RWH2) treating molasses wastewater. When RWCH4 or RWH2 was fed into a single-chamber MFC reactor (designated as AC-MFCCH4 and AC-MFCH2, respectively) at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 1–7 d, both MFC systems showed maximum electricity production efficiencies at a HRT of 3 d. In the AC-MFCCH4 reactor, the average current density and average power density were 60.5 mA·m−2 and 8.8 mW·m−2, respectively. The AC-MFCH2 reactor generated an average current density of 71.4 mA·m−2 and an average power density of 12.0 mW·m−2. The COD removal rates were 45.7% in the AC-MFCCH4 reactor and 90.3% in the AC-MFCH2 reactor. There were no significant differences of the eubacterial community structures between the MFC systems, where Proteobacteria was remarkably dominant in both MFC systems. However, the archaeal community structures were significantly different where Methanothrix (89.3%) was remarkably dominant in the AC-MFCCH4 system, while Methanothrix (52.5%) and Methanosarcina (33.5%) were abundant in the AC-MFCH2 system. These findings demonstrate that the utilization of MFCs after the BioCH4 or BioH2 process is advantageous for energy recovery as well as COD removal from molasses wastewater.
Conclusions from meta‐analytic structural equation models generally do not change due to corrections for study artifacts

Meta‐analytic structural equations modeling is increasingly used in theory testing. There has been much debate when meta‐analyzed correlation matrices are used in structural equations modeling on whether to use mean observed correlations (i.e., corrected only for sampling error) or correlations corrected for study artifacts such as unreliability in measures. This paper investigates whether the fit indices are affected by the corrections and if the stability of the paths (i.e., changes in significance, magnitude, and relative strengths or rank order) is affected by the corrections. Results suggest that substantive model conclusions are generally unaffected by study artifacts and related statistical corrections as long as the variables included in the path analyses had typical levels of reliability as found in the psychological literature. More specifically, all models examined exhibited similar model fit and pathway stability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic recombination without sexual reproduction in Aspergillus niger.

SUMMARY: Roper's technique for the production in filamentous fungi of strains with heterozygous diploid nuclei in their hyphae (Roper, 1952) has been applied successfully to Aspergillus niger, in which a sexual cycle does not occur. The diploids, heterozygous for known markers, give origin to new strains, most still diploid, homozygous for some or all of the markers and therefore associating or recombining in all possible ways the properties of the two strains from which the diploid was formed. Genetic recombination has thus been achieved in a filamentous fungus without a normal sexual cycle. Imperfect fungi are now open to genetic investigation. Deliberate ‘breeding’ of strains has become a practical proposition in industrial fermentations based on these fungi.
An Optimal Jumper-Insertion Algorithm for Antenna Avoidance/Fixing

As the process technology enters the nanometer era, reliability has become a major concern in the design and manufacturing of very large-scale integration circuits. In this paper, we focus on one reliability issue-jumper insertion in routing trees for avoiding/fixing antenna-effect violations at the routing/postlayout stages. We formulate the jumper insertion for antenna avoidance/fixing as a tree-cutting problem and present the first optimal algorithm for the tree-cutting problem. We show that the tree-cutting problem exhibits the properties of optimal substructures and greedy choices. With these properties, we present an O(V)-time optimal jumper-insertion algorithm that uses the minimum number of jumpers to avoid/fix the antenna violations in a routing tree with vertices. Experimental results show the superior effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithm.
A hybrid iterative solver for robustly capturing coulomb friction in hair dynamics

Dry friction between hair fibers plays a major role in the collective hair dynamic behavior as it accounts for typical nonsmooth features such as stick-slip instabilities. However, due the challenges posed by the modeling of nonsmooth friction, previous mechanical models for hair either neglect friction or use an approximate smooth friction model, thus losing important visual features. In this paper we present a new generic robust solver for capturing Coulomb friction in large assemblies of tightly packed fibers such as hair. Our method is based on an iterative algorithm where each single contact problem is efficiently and robustly solved by introducing a hybrid strategy that combines a new zero-finding formulation of (exact) Coulomb friction together with an analytical solver as a fail-safe. Our global solver turns out to be very robust and highly scalable as it can handle up to a few thousand densely packed fibers subject to tens of thousands frictional contacts at a reasonable computational cost. It can be conveniently combined to any fiber model with various rest shapes, from smooth to curly. Our results, visually validated against real hair motions, depict typical hair collective effects and greatly enhance the realism of standard hair simulators.
Self-Interference Aided Channel Estimation in Two-Way Relaying Systems

In this paper, we propose a novel channel estimation scheme for the broadcast phase of the newly invented two- way relaying technique. Instead of using pilot sequences, we exploit the self-interference, which contains the data known at the receivers, to get a first estimate of the channel. Then a decision- directed iterative estimation process is started to improve the accuracy of the channel estimates. We consider a block fading channel model. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has similar performance as pilot-aided channel estimation schemes in our simulation environment. Since pilot sequences are no longer needed in our proposed scheme, higher spectrum efficiency is achieved without performance loss.
Guaranteed Cost Dynamic Coherent Control for Uncertain Linear Quantum Systems

This paper concerns a class of uncertain linear quantum systems subject to quadratic perturbations in the system Hamiltonian. A small gain approach is used to evaluate the performance of the given quantum system. In order to get improved control performance, we propose two methods to design a coherent controller for the system. One is to formulate a static quantum controller by adding a controller Hamiltonian to the given system, and the other is to build a dynamic quantum controller which is directly coupled to the given system. Both controller design methods are given in terms of LMIs and a non-convex equality. Hence, a rank constrained LMI method is used as a numerical procedure. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the proposed methods and also to make a performance comparison with different controller design methods. Results show that for the same uncertain quantum system, the dynamic quantum controller can offer an improvement in performance over the static quantum controller.
A Predator-2 Prey Fast-Slow Dynamical System for Rapid Predator Evolution

We consider adaptive change of diet of a predator population that switches its feeding between two prey populations. We develop a novel 1 fast--3 slow dynamical system to describe the dynamics of the three populations amidst continuous but rapid evolution of the predator's diet choice. The two extremes at which the predator's diet is composed solely of one prey correspond to two branches of the three-branch critical manifold of the fast--slow system. By calculating the points at which there is a fast transition between these two feeding choices (i.e., branches of the critical manifold), we prove that the system has a two-parameter family of periodic orbits for sufficiently large separation of the time scales between the evolutionary and ecological dynamics. Using numerical simulations, we show that these periodic orbits exist, and that their phase difference and oscillation patterns persist, when ecological and evolutionary interactions occur on comparable time scales. Our model also exhibits periodic orbits that agree qualitatively with oscillation patterns observed in experimental studies of the coupling between rapid evolution and ecological interactions.
Sparse and structured decompositions of signals with the molecular matching pursuit

This paper describes the Molecular Matching Pursuit (MMP), an extension of the popular Matching Pursuit (MP) algorithm for the decomposition of signals. The MMP is a practical solution which introduces the notion of structures within the framework of sparse overcomplete representations; these structures are based on the local dependency of significant time-frequency or time-scale atoms. We show that this algorithm is well adapted to the representation of real signals such as percussive audio signals. This is at the cost of a slight sub-optimality in terms of the rate of convergence for the approximation error, but the benefits are numerous, most notably a significant reduction in the computational cost, which facilitates the processing of long signals. Results show that this algorithm is very promising for high-quality adaptive coding of audio signals
Towards Automated LiDAR Boresight Self-calibration

This paper focuses on practical aspects when performing boresight calibration in airborne laser scanning using rigorous methodology implemented in LIBOR software. LIBOR technique, introduced by (Skaloud and Lichti, 2006), is based on expressing the boresight calibration parameters within the direct-georeferencing equation separately for each target point and conditioning a group of points to lie on a common planar surface. Although there is no need for a priori information about the plane parameters as these are part of the unknowns, good estimation requires implication of various planar features that differ in slope and orientation. Such conditions are typically fulfilled in residential-urban areas where the presence of planes in form of roof-tops is abundant. These are identified by grouping points belonging to the same surface into a distinct class separately for each flight line and finding class-correspondences among the flight lines. We present an automated approach for this selection process that stems from intrinsic geometry of curved surfaces. This classification is followed by additional fine-filtering for returns from features as chimneys, antennas etc. The presented discussion focuses on practical examples with data from continuously-rotating and oscillating-mirror systems. These findings show that good automated point selection is possible and acts as a pre-requisite to robust estimates of all boresight angles with accuracy that is several times superior to the system noise level.
Biological Electron Microscopy: Theory, Techniques, and Troubleshooting

1 Specimen Preparation for Electron Microscopy. - 1 Techniques. - 2 Cryotechniques. - 2 Techniques. - 3 Ultramicrotomy. - 3 Techniques. - 4. - 4 Techniques. - 5. - 5 Techniques. - 6. - 6 Techniques. - 7 Support Films. - 7 Techniques. - 8 Replicas, Shadowing, and Negative Staining. - 8 Techniques. - 9 Transmission Electron Microscopy. - 10 Vacuum Systems. - 11 High-Voltage Transmission Electron Microscopes (HVEM). - 12 Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscopes (IVEM), Electron Tomography, and Single-Particle Electron Microscopy. - 13 Scanning Electron Microscopy. - 13 Techniques. - 14. - 15 Photography. - 15 Techniques. - 16 Digital Imaging and Telemedicine. - 17 Morphometry and Stereology. - 18 Photomicroscopy. - 18 Techniques. - 19 Laboratory Safety. - 20 General Sources for Information Concerning Microscopy. - 21. - Appendix A Computing Micrometer Bar Sizes. - Appendix B Calibrating the TEM and the SEM. - I. Transmission Electron Microscope. - II. Scanning Electron Microscope. - Appendix C Materials and Methods Write-Up Suggestions for Standard TEM and SEM Preparations. - I. Materials and Methods for Routine TEM Preparation. - II. Materials and Methods for Routine SEM Preparation.
Defocus Blur-Invariant Scale-Space Feature Extractions

We propose modifications to scale-space feature extraction techniques scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) and speeded up robust features (SURFs) that make the feature detection and description invariant to defocus blur. Specifically, the scale-space blob detection relies on the second derivative responses of images. Our analysis of circular defocus blur (which sufficiently approximates a real camera blur kernel) and its effect on scale-space blob detection suggests that fourth derivative-and not the usual second derivative-is optimal for detecting the blurred blobs, while multi-scale descriptors of blurred blobs are effective at establishing correspondences between the blurred images. The proposed defocus blur-invariant (DBI) scale-space feature extraction techniques-which we refer to as DBI-SIFT and DBI-SURF-do not require image deblurring nor blur kernel estimation, meaning that their accuracy does not depend on the quality of image deblurring. We offer empirical evidence of blur invariance by establishing interest point correspondences between sharp or blurred reference images and blurred target images.
Successful Polymer Gels Application in a Highly Channeled Peripheral Injection Well: Tello Field Pilot

Oil recovery by water injection is the most extended technology in the world for additional recovery, however, formation heterogeneity can turn it into highly inefficient and expensive by channeling injected water. This work presents a chemical option that allows controlling the channeling of important amounts of injection water in specific layers, or portions of layers, which is the main explanation for low efficiency in many secondary oil recovery processes. The core of the stages presented here is using partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) cross linked with a metallic ion (Cr+3), which, at high concentrations in the injection water (5000 – 20000 ppm), generates a rigid gel in the reservoir that forces the injected water to enter into the formation through upswept zones.
Microinfusion of Bupropion Inhibits Putative GABAergic Neuronal Activity of the Ventral Tegmental Area

Introduction The most common interpretation for the mechanisms of antidepression is the increase of the brain monoamine levels such as dopamine (DA). The increase of DA can reduce depression but it can also decrease the monoamine release because of autoreceptor inhibition. Although bupropion can decrease the dopamine release, there is evidence about stimulatory effects of chronic application of bupropion on ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons. In this study, the intra-VTA acute microinfusion of bupropion on putative VTA non-Dopaminergic (VTA-nonDA) neuronal firing rates was evaluated by a single neuron recording technique. Methods Animals were divided into 7 groups (sham, and 6 bupropion-microinfused groups with 1, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, and 10-5 mol, 1 µl/3 min, intra-VTA). A single neuron recording technique was done according to the stereotaxic coordination. After 10 min baseline recording, ACSF or bupropion was microinfused. The recording continued to recovery period in the treated groups. The prestimulus time (PST) and interspike interval (ISI) histograms were calculated for every single unit. The assessment of the drug effect was carried out by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post-hoc test. Results 126 non-DA neurons were separated. Bupropion could inhibit 116 neurons and 11 neurons had no significant response. Maximum inhibition was 79.1% of baseline firing rate with 44.3 min duration. The inhibitory effect of bupropion was dose-dependent. Discussion The acute inhibitory effects of bupropion on VTA-nonDA neurons can explain the fast inhibitory effects of bupropion and other antidepressants on the VTA. These data can explain some side effects of antidepressants.
Oscillation Damping of a Distributed Generator Using a Virtual Synchronous Generator

These days, distributed generators (DGs), such as photovoltaic, wind turbine, and gas cogeneration systems have attracted more attention than in the past. DGs are often connected to a grid by power inverters. The inverters used in DGs are generally controlled by a phase-locked loop (PLL) in order to be synchronized with the grid. In a stability point of view, the power system will be significantly affected if the capacity of inverter-based DGs becomes larger and larger. The concept of the virtual synchronous generator (VSG), which is used to control inverters to behave like a real synchronous generator, can be considered as a solution. The VSG can produce virtual inertia from energy storage during a short operation time, and the active power can be produced by a VSG similar to a synchronous generator. In this paper, an oscillation damping approach is developed for a DG using the VSG. The method is confirmed analytically, and verified through computer simulations. Finally, some laboratory experiments are conducted using 10-kW inverters and a transmission-line simulator.
Realization with CCG

We describe an anytime chart realization algorithm for Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) that essentially interleaves the packing and unpacking stages employed in previous hybrid symbolicstatistical approaches. With this algorithm, it becomes possible to use statistical language models both for improving the quality of the output text and for increasing the speed with which it is produced. In a case study, we describe an example-driven method of developing ngram models for use in a dialogue system, and show that with these models, the algorithm is capable of cutting realization times—and their standard deviations—in half, compared to the two-stage approach, while also achieving very high quality.
Experimental model of effects on normal tissue of injury current from ischemic region.

An ischemic myocardial region contains cells with a depolarized resting membrane potential. This depolarization leads to an intercellular current flow between the ischemic region and the surrounding normal myocardial cells, which has been termed an "injury current. " We have devised an experimental model system in which an isolated rabbit ventricular cell is electrically coupled to a model depolarized cell to evaluate the effects of this injury current on the electrical properties of a normal ventricular cell. We found that the action potential duration of the isolated cell could be reversibly altered by varying the coupling resistance such that the action potential duration was shortened by high values of coupling resistance but could be considerably prolonged by lower resistance coupling. We did not observe automaticity in the isolated cell as a consequence of coupling to the depolarized model. The changes in action potential duration were accompanied by alterations in the frequency at which the isolated cell could respond to repetitive stimuli. In addition, the depolarization of the isolated cell produced by the electrical coupling led to a significant increase in the cellular excitability. This last effect may be of particular importance in understanding the mechanisms for origination of arrhythmias in the border zone of myocardial ischemia.
Structural basis of sodium–potassium exchange of a human telomeric DNA quadruplex without topological conversion

Understanding the mechanism of Na+/K+-dependent spectral conversion of human telomeric G-quadruplex (G4) sequences has been limited not only because of the structural polymorphism but also the lack of sufficient structural information at different stages along the conversion process for one given oligonucleotide. In this work, we have determined the topology of the Na+ form of Tel23 G4, which is the same hybrid form as the K+ form of Tel23 G4 despite the distinct spectral patterns in their respective nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism spectra. The spectral difference, particularly the well-resolved imino proton NMR signals, allows us to monitor the structural conversion from Na+ form to K+ form during Na+/K+ exchange. Time-resolved NMR experiments of hydrogen–deuterium exchange and hybridization clearly exclude involvement of the global unfolding for the fast Na+/K+ spectral conversion. In addition, the K+ titration monitored by NMR reveals that the Na+/K+ exchange in Tel23 G4 is a two-step process. The addition of K+ significantly stabilizes the unfolding kinetics of Tel23 G4. These results offer a possible explanation of rapid spectral conversion of Na+/K+ exchange and insight into the mechanism of Na+/K+ structural conversion in human telomeric G4s.