Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Stator Voltage Oriented PI Controller For The Doubly-Fed Induction Machine

In this paper we propose a new control scheme for the doubly-fed induction machine (DFIM) that offers significant advantages, and is considerably simpler, than the classical vector control method. In contrast with the latter, where the DFIM is represented in a stator flux-oriented frame, we propose here a model with orientation of the stator voltage. This allows for an easy decomposition of the active and reactive powers on the stator side and their regulation - acting on the rotor voltage - via stator current control. Our main contribution is the proof that a linear PI control around the stator currents ensures global stability for a feedback linearized DFIM, provided the gains are suitably selected. The feedback linearization stage requires only measurement of the rotor and stator currents, hence is easily implementable. Furthermore, to improve the robustness, an adaptive version that estimates the rotor resistance is proposed. Tuning rules for the PI gains are also provided. Finally, an outer loop control for the mechanical speed is introduced. The complete control system is tested both in simulations and experiments, showing good transient performance and robustness properties.
Design and Airgap Flux Density Calculation of Dual-Rotor Permanent-Magnet Wind Generator

Dual-rotor permanent-magnet wind generators can substantially improve the utility of wind power even at a low wind speed due to its high relative speed between the magnetic field and windings. This paper briefly introduces its principle and structure, establishes its equivalent magnetic circuit based on the open-circuit flux distribution of the designed motor, and then calculates the airgap flux density, which takes into account the slotting effect, saturation in magnetic bridges, airgap and end leakage. In addition, the finite-element method and a prototype were employed to verify the analytical method. The agreements were obtained among the values of the analytical method, finite-element analysis and tests results, thus proving the feasibility of the calculated method and the design.
Probing sequence-structure relationships in proteins : Application of simple energy functions to the inverse folding problem NATO school in soft matter physics

A brief description of the protein-folding and inverse-folding problems is provided. Design of energy functions for protein recognition based on machine learning approaches is discussed. The energy functions are applied to estimate the sequence capacity of all known protein folds, and to compute the evolutionary temperature(s) of embedding sequences in known protein structures.
1 Size Variation and Structural Conservation of Vertebrate Telomerase 1 Rna * 2

SIZE VARIATION AND STRUCTURAL CONSERVATION OF VERTEBRATE TELOMERASE 1 RNA* 2 Mingyi Xie, Axel Mosig, Xiaodong Qi, Yang Li, Peter F. Stadler , Julian J.-L. Chen 3 From the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State 4 University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA 5 Department of Combinatorics and Geometry, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, 6 Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Campus, Shanghai, China 7 Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, and Interdisciplinary Center for 8 Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany 9 Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Wien, Austria 10 Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA 11 Running head: Structure and function of vertebrate telomerase RNA 12 Address correspondence to: Julian J-L Chen, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Arizona State 13 University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, Tel: 480-965-3650; Fax: 480-965-2747; E-mail: JLChen@asu.edu 14 15
3D Mapping of Outdoor Environment Using Clustering Techniques

The goal of mapping is to build a map of the environment using raw data provided by some sensors embedded on an intelligent vehicle. This map is used by an intelligent vehicle to have knowledge about its surrounding environment to better plan its future actions. In this paper, we present a method, based on occupancy grids~\cite{Elfes89Thesis}, to map 3D environment. In this method, we discretize the environment in cells and the shape of each cell is approximated by one or several gaussians in order to achieve a balance between representational complexity and accuracy. Experimental results on 3D real outdoor data provided by a lidar are shown: a map of an urban environment is presented. Moreover a quantitative comparison of our method with state of the art methods is presented to show the interest of the method.
Forward kinematic analysis of a planar cable driven redundant parallel manipulator using force sensors

Newly developed cable driven redundant parallel manipulators (CDRPM) have numerous advantages compared to that of the conventional parallel mechanisms. However, there exist some challenging issues in over-constrained mechanisms like CDRPMs. In contrast to serial manipulators, complexity of parallel manipulator forward kinematics (FK) is one of the main issues being under study in the control of such manipulators. Moreover, using extra sensory data is a common approach in the FK solution of rigid-linked parallel manipulators, which is considered by fewer researchers for CDRPMs. In this paper, tension force sensors of the cables are used as an extra sensor to simplify analytical solution of the FK for a planar CDRPM. To find a suitable solution, geometrical and physical characteristics of the robot are analyzed. It is shown that the proposed method provides the required accuracy and significantly improves the process time compared to the conventional methods.
Eosinophil Ribonucleases and Their Cutaneous Lesion-Forming Activity1

Eosinophil granule proteins are deposited in cutaneous lesions in many human diseases, but how these proteins contribute to pathophysiology is obscure. We injected eosinophil cationic protein (ECP or RNase 3), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN or RNase 2), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and major basic protein-1 (MBP1) intradermally into guinea pig and rabbit skin. ECP and EDN each induced distinct skin lesions at ≥2.5 μM that began at 2 days, peaking at ∼7 days and persisting up to 6 wk. These lesions were ulcerated (ECP) or crusted (EDN) with marked cellular infiltration. EPO and MBP1 (10 μM) each produced perceptible induration and erythema with moderate cellular infiltration resolving within 2 wk. ECP and EDN localized to dermal cells within 2 days, whereas EPO and MBP1 remained extracellular. Overall, cellular localization and RNase activity of ECP and EDN were critical for lesion formation; differential glycosylation, net cationic charge, or RNase activity alone did not account for lesion formation. Ulcerated lesions from patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome showed ECP and EDN deposition comparable to that in guinea pig skin. In conclusion, ECP and EDN disrupt skin integrity and cause inflammation. Their presence in ulcerative skin lesions may explain certain findings in human eosinophil-associated diseases.
Infected Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

We report five cases of infected abdominal aortic aneurysm managed at the St. Thomas Hospital between 1975 and 1985. Two patients died, one before operation, and another during surgical repair of aneurysmal rupture. Three patients survived, all of whom had primary repair of the aorta or in situ Dacron graft reconstruction. One patient is still living nine years after operation. The availability of organism-specific antibiotic agents has enabled us to use the in situ reconstruction method to successfully manage these patients without increased morbidity or mortality from recurrent infection. A high index of suspicion, prompt surgical resection, and aggressive specific antibiotic therapy are necessary for patient survival.
Absence of Plateau Potentials in dLGN Cells Leads to a Breakdown in Retinogeniculate Refinement

The link between neural activity and the refinement of projections from retina to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of thalamus is based largely on studies that disrupt presynaptic retinogeniculate activity. Postsynaptic mechanisms responsible for implementing the activity-dependent remodeling in dLGN remain unknown. We tested whether L-type Ca2+ channel activity in the form of synaptically evoked plateau potentials in dLGN cells is needed for remodeling by using a mutant mouse that lacks the ancillary β3 subunit and, as a consequence, has highly reduced L-type channel expression and attenuated L-type Ca2+ currents. In the dLGNs of β3-null mice, glutamatergic postsynaptic activity evoked by optic tract stimulation was normal, but plateau potentials were rarely observed. The few plateaus that were evoked required high rates of retinal stimulation, but were still greatly attenuated compared with those recorded in age-matched wild-type mice. While β3-null mice exhibit normal stage II and III retinal waves, their retinogeniculate projections fail to segregate properly and dLGN cells show a high degree of retinal convergence even at late postnatal ages. These structural and functional defects were also accompanied by a reduction in CREB phosphorylation, a signaling event that has been shown to be essential for retinogeniculate axon segregation. Thus, postsynaptic L-type Ca2+ activity plays an important role in mediating the refinement of the retinogeniculate pathway.
My secret: The social meaning of HIV/AIDS stigma

Abstract This study uses Goffman's [1963. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall] theory of stigma as an intellectual scaffold to help understand the social meaning of HIV/AIDS stigma from People Living with HIV/AIDS. The study adopts a qualitative approach because of its appropriateness for unravelling subjective phenomena such as the experiences of HIV/AIDS stigma. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 HIV-positive employees of a retailing company located in the Western Cape province of South Africa who volunteered to participate in the study. The participants with the discreditable stigma internalised society's prejudice towards those living with the virus. As a result, the participants relied on self-isolation and social withdrawal to cope with enacted stigma. Managing information about one's status and deciding whether, who, when, etc., to tell are crucial questions. The participants feared being devalued by family, friends, co-workers and the community. In concurrence with Goffman [1963. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall] the HIV/AIDS stigma is seen as about relationships.
A research of glacier change in West Kunlun through remote sensing

Glacier, due to the sensitivity to the climate change, has become an important indicator for global change research, especially the glaciers in the Arctic, Antarctic, and the third pole (Qinghai-Tibet plateau). Remote sensing, which has a capability to acquire the regional information of glaciers quickly, has become an effective tool to monitor and study the change of glaciers. In this paper, combining the NECP/NCAR reanalysis climatic data, the long time-series and continental area change of the glaciers and their melted lakes in West Kunlun with different watersheds were comparative analyzed by using LandSat TM/ETM+ images from 1991 to 2009, which is located in the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The results show: 1) The total area of the glaciers in eastern West Kunlun reduced firstly then increased. Meanwhile the total area of the glaciers in western West Kunlun sustained decreased in recent 20 years. 2) There is a significant negative correlation between the area change of glaciers and the corresponding welted lakes in West Kunlun. 3) The area change difference of the glaciers in the eastern and western regions in West Kunlun is mainly induced by temperature.
Modular assembly of diode lasers in a compact and reliable setup for a wide range of applications

In the development process towards an integration of laser systems into compact modules many key points can be simulated. Yet, a reliable and stable testing environment is needed for a deeper understanding of the system. We present the micro optical bench (MiOB) as an advanced platform for the hybrid micro integration of active and passive optical elements. The modular yet robust design enables the precise mounting of those elements with an accuracy of better than 1 μm. By examples of second harmonic generation, master oscillator power amplifier and external cavity diode laser modules a wide range of applications are addressed. Each module is used to highlight different aspects of the MiOB. Examples are the thermal design of the MiOB that allows the precise heating of selected components without influencing others, the robustness that can withstand different mechanical tests, and the overall stiffness that allows the high precision mounting of volume holographic Bragg gratings.
Secure range query based on privacy-preserving function in two-tiered sensor networks

To prevent attackers from gaining privacy information from both sensory data and sink issued queries, a secure scheme named SQPF was proposed, which allows the sink to detect compromised misbehaved storage nodes. By a privacy preserving technique based on data hidden, the sensory data and queries are encoded while the storage node can correctly process encoded queries over encoded data. By a novel verification chain technique, the sink is allowed to verify the integrity of the returned data items. Analyses show SQPF is able to preserve privacy more efficiently while consuming less communication overhead.
Robust Object Tracking Using Adaptive Multi-Features Fusion Based on Local Kernel Learning

This paper presents a novel multi-features fusion tracking algorithm based on local kernels learning. Histograms of multiple features are extracted based on sub image patches within the target region, and the features fusion weights are calculated respectively for each patch according to the discriminability of features. It means that the same feature employed in different sub image patches gets different weights. In this way, more precise features fusion weights are provided which lead to a more accurate tracking localization. Moreover the spatial information introduced by the sub patches enhances the tracking robustness. A formula for target localization with adaptive multi-features fusion based on local kernels is deduced. Experiments on challenging video sequences demonstrate that the proposed tracking algorithm performs favorably against trackers using usual target representation, without increasing significantly the computational complexity.
Norm-Establishing and Norm-Following in Autonomous Agency

Living agency is subject to a normative dimension (good-bad, adaptive-maladaptive) that is absent from other types of interaction. We review current and historical attempts to naturalize normativity from an organism-centered perspective, identifying two central problems and their solution: (1) How to define the topology of the viability space so as to include a sense of gradation that permits reversible failure, and (2) how to relate both the processes that establish norms and those that result in norm-following behavior. We present a minimal metabolic system that is coupled to a gradient-climbing chemotactic mechanism. Studying the relationship between metabolic dynamics and environmental resource conditions, we identify an emergent viable region and a precarious region where the system tends to die unless environmental conditions change. We introduce the concept of normative field as the change of environmental conditions required to bring the system back to its viable region. Norm-following, or normative action, is defined as the course of behavior whose effect is positively correlated with the normative field. We close with a discussion of the limitations and extensions of our model and some final reflections on the nature of norms and teleology in agency.
Arsenic and Environmental Health: State of the Science and Future Research Opportunities

Background: Exposure to inorganic and organic arsenic compounds is a major public health problem that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Exposure to arsenic is associated with cancer and noncancer effects in nearly every organ in the body, and evidence is mounting for health effects at lower levels of arsenic exposure than previously thought. Building from a tremendous knowledge base with > 1,000 scientific papers published annually with “arsenic” in the title, the question becomes, what questions would best drive future research directions? Objectives: The objective is to discuss emerging issues in arsenic research and identify data gaps across disciplines. Methods: The National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program convened a workshop to identify emerging issues and research needs to address the multi-faceted challenges related to arsenic and environmental health. This review summarizes information captured during the workshop. Discussion: More information about aggregate exposure to arsenic is needed, including the amount and forms of arsenic found in foods. New strategies for mitigating arsenic exposures and related health effects range from engineered filtering systems to phytogenetics and nutritional interventions. Furthermore, integration of omics data with mechanistic and epidemiological data is a key step toward the goal of linking biomarkers of exposure and susceptibility to disease mechanisms and outcomes. Conclusions: Promising research strategies and technologies for arsenic exposure and adverse health effect mitigation are being pursued, and future research is moving toward deeper collaborations and integration of information across disciplines to address data gaps. Citation: Carlin DJ, Naujokas MF, Bradham KD, Cowden J, Heacock M, Henry HF, Lee JS, Thomas DJ, Thompson C, Tokar EJ, Waalkes MP, Birnbaum LS, Suk WA. 2016. Arsenic and environmental health: state of the science and future research opportunities. Environ Health Perspect 124:890–899; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ehp.1510209
Large scale integration of senses for the semantic web

Nowadays, the increasing amount of semantic data available on the Web leads to a new stage in the potential of Semantic Web applications. However, it also introduces new issues due to the heterogeneity of the available semantic resources. One of the most remarkable is redundancy, that is, the excess of different semantic descriptions, coming from different sources, to describe the same intended meaning. In this paper, we propose a technique to perform a large scale integration of senses (expressed as ontology terms), in order to cluster the most similar ones, when indexing large amounts of online semantic information. It can dramatically reduce the redundancy problem on the current Semantic Web. In order to make this objective feasible, we have studied the adaptability and scalability of our previous work on sense integration, to be translated to the much larger scenario of the Semantic Web. Our evaluation shows a good behaviour of these techniques when used in large scale experiments, then making feasible the proposed approach.
Role of Flagella in Pathogenesis ofPseudomonas aeruginosa Pulmonary Infection

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are opportunistic pathogens associated with infections in immunocompromised hosts and patients with cystic fibrosis. Like many other mucosal pathogens,P. aeruginosa cells express flagella which provide motility and chemotaxis toward preferred substrates but also provide a ligand for clearance by phagocytic cells. We tested the role of flagella in the initial stages of respiratory tract infection by comparing the virulence of fliC mutants in a neonatal mouse model of pneumonia. In the absence of fliC, there was no mortality, compared with 30% mortality attributed to the parental strain PAK or 15% mortality associated with infection due to a pilAmutant PAK/NP (P < 0.0001). The fliCmutants caused pneumonia in only 25% of the mice inoculated, regardless of whether there was expression of the pilus, whereas the parental strain was associated with an 80% rate of pneumonia. Histopathological studies demonstrated that the fliCmutants caused very focal inflammation and that the organisms did not spread through the lungs as seen in infection due to either PAK or PAK/NP. Purified flagellin elicited an intense inflammatory response in the mouse lung. 125I-labeled flagellin bound to the glycolipids GM1 and GD1a and to asialoGM1 in an in vitro binding assay. However, flagellin-mediated binding to epithelial gangliosides was a relatively unusual event, as quantified by binding assays of wild-type or fliC mutant organisms to CHO Lec-2 cells with membrane-incorporated GM1. Fla+ organisms but not fliC mutants were efficiently taken up by murine macrophages. P. aeruginosa flagella are important in the establishment of respiratory tract infection and may act as a tether in initial interactions with epithelial membranes. This function is offset by the contribution of flagella to host clearance mechanisms facilitating phagocytic clearance and the role of flagellar genes in mucin binding and clearance.
A Novel I221L Substitution in Neuraminidase Confers High-Level Resistance to Oseltamivir in Influenza B Viruses

Influenza B viruses with a novel I221L substitution in neuraminidase (NA) conferring high-level resistance to oseltamivir were isolated from an immunocompromised patient after prolonged oseltamivir treatment. Methods. Enzymatic characterization of the NAs (Km, Ki) and the in vitro fitness of viruses carrying wild-type or mutated (I221L) NA genes were evaluated. Proportions of wild-type and mutated NA genes were directly quantified in the patient samples. Structural characterizations by X-ray crystallography of a wild-type and I221L variant NA were performed. Results. The Km and Ki revealed that the I221L variant NA had approximately 84 and 51 times lower affinity for oseltamivir carboxylate and zanamivir, respectively, compared with wild-type NA. Viruses with a wild-type or I221L variant NA had similar growth kinetics in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, and 5 passages in MDCK cells revealed no reversion of the I221L substitution. The crystal structure of the I221L NA and oseltamivir complex showed that the leucine side chain protrudes into the hydrophobic pocket of the active site that accommodates the pentyloxy substituent of oseltamivir. Conclusions. Enzyme kinetic and NA structural analyses provide an explanation for the high level of resistance to oseltamivir while retaining good fitness of viruses carrying I221L variant NA.
Lazy Asynchronous I/O for Event-Driven Servers

We introduce Lazy Asynchronous I/O (LAIO), a new asynchronous I/O interface that is well suited to event-driven programming. LAIO is general in the sense that it applies to all blocking I/O operations. Furthermore, it is lazy in the sense that it creates a continuation only when an operation actually blocks, and it notifies the application only when a blocked operation completes in its entirety. These features make programming high-performance, event-driven servers using LAIO considerably easier than with previous interfaces. We describe a user-level implementation of LAIO, relying only on kernel support for scheduler activations, a facility present in many Unix-like systems. We compare the performance of web servers implemented using LAIO to the performance obtained with previous interfaces. For workloads with an appreciable amount of disk I/O, LAIO performs substantially better than the alternatives, because it avoids blocking entirely. In one such case, the peak throughput with LAIO is 24% higher than the next best alternative. For in-memory workloads it performs comparably.