Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Pediatric Athletes Presenting to Sports Medicine Clinic

Background: Limited data exist regarding the effect of the growth process on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk in male versus female children. Hypothesis: The proportion of ACL injuries/sports injuries presenting to clinic will vary by age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Study Design: Cross-sectional epidemiologic study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: The study group consisted of a randomly selected 5% probability sample of all children 5 to 17 years of age presenting to a sports medicine clinic from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2009; 2133 charts were reviewed. Data collected included demographics, height and weight, injury mechanism, diagnosis, treatment, previous injury, and organized sports. Results: A total of 206 ACL tears were analyzed (104 girls, 102 boys). Girls were slightly older than boys (15.1 ± 1.7 vs 14.3 ± 2.1 years; P < 0.01). Male-female comparison of ACL injury/total injury by age revealed that girls had a steeper increase by age than boys. Among 5- to 12-year-olds, boys had a higher ACL injury/total injury ratio than girls (all P < 0.01). Children 13 to 17 years of age showed no significant difference for sex in ACL injury/total injury ratio. As age advanced, the proportion of ACL injuries/total injuries increased for both girls (P < 0.01) and boys (P = 0.04). BMI was independently associated with an ACL injury (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The proportion of ACL injuries/total injuries was similar for boys and girls aged 13 to 17 years. Girls showed a significantly steeper increase in ACL injury proportion versus boys through puberty. Clinical Relevance: This study will increase clinician awareness of ACL injury occurrence in young male and female athletes 5 to 12 years of age. Injury prevention efforts should target young girls before the onset of puberty and before injury occurs.
Intelligence in youth and all-cause-mortality: systematic review with meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND A number of prospective cohort studies have examined the association between intelligence in childhood or youth and life expectancy in adulthood; however, the effect size of this association is yet to be quantified and previous reviews require updating. METHODS The systematic review included an electronic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE and PSYCHINFO databases. This yielded 16 unrelated studies that met inclusion criteria, comprising 22,453 deaths among 1,107,022 participants. Heterogeneity was assessed, and fixed effects models were applied to the aggregate data. Publication bias was evaluated, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS A 1-standard deviation (SD) advantage in cognitive test scores was associated with a 24% (95% confidence interval 23-25) lower risk of death, during a 17- to 69-year follow-up. There was little evidence of publication bias (Egger's intercept = 0.10, P = 0.81), and the intelligence-mortality association was similar for men and women. Adjustment for childhood socio-economic status (SES) in the nine studies containing these data had almost no impact on this relationship, suggesting that this is not a confounder of the intelligence-mortality association. Controlling for adult SES in five studies and for education in six studies attenuated the intelligence-mortality hazard ratios by 34 and 54%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Future investigations should address the extent to which attenuation of the intelligence-mortality link by adult SES indicators is due to mediation, over-adjustment and/or confounding. The explanation(s) for association between higher early-life intelligence and lower risk of adult mortality require further elucidation.
Tensile Properties and Fractographic Analysis of Low Density Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Chemically Modified Keratin-Based Biofibres

This research has investigated the tensile properties and fractography of animal fibre-reinforced low density polyethylene composites. The composites were synthesized by hot compression moulding using chemically modified white and black cow hair biofibres as the reinforcing phase of composites. Alkaline solutions of varying molarities were used to prepare the chemical treatments in this present study. Tensile properties of the developed composites were evaluated based on molarities of chemical treatment and % fibre loading. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the morphologies of the fractured surfaces of composites. Obtained tensile test results revealed significant enhancement in the tensile properties of composites, with the optimum combination of tensile properties presented by 2 wt% white cow hair biofibre reinforcement treated with 0.15 M sodium hydroxide. Observations from the fractographic analysis of the developed composites revealed shearing of the polymer matrix at the fibre-matrix interface and no fibre pullout behaviour.
Dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibitor Palomid 529 penetrates the Blood–Brain Barrier without restriction by ABCB1 and ABCG2

Palomid 529, a novel dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor has displayed interesting activities in experimental models and is a candidate for clinical evaluation. We have assessed the interaction of Palomid 529 with ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) drug efflux transporters ABCB1 (P‐gp/P‐glycoprotein) and ABCG2 (BCRP/Breast Cancer Resistant Protein) by in vitro transwell assays, and their effects on the brain penetration using drug disposition analysis of i.v. and oral Palomid 529 in wild‐type (WT) and Abcb1 and/or Abcg2 knockout (KO) mice. Palomid 529 lacked affinity for these transporters in vitro, in contrast to GDC‐0941, a small molecule PI3K inhibitor, which we used as control substance for in vitro transport. The plasma AUCi.v. of micronized and DMSO formulated Palomid 529 was similar in WT and KO mice. Importantly, the brain and brain tumor concentration of Palomid 529 at a high dose (54 mg/kg) was also similar in both strains, whereas a less than 1.4‐fold difference (p < 0.05) was found at the low (5.4 mg/kg) dose. Because of poor solubility, the oral bioavailability of micronized Palomid 529 was only 5%. Olive oil or spray‐dried formulation greatly improved the bioavailability up to 50%. Finally, Palomid 529 effectively inhibits the orthotopic U87 glioblastoma growth. In summary, Palomid 529 is the first mTOR targeting drug lacking affinity for ABCB1/ABCG2 and having good brain penetration. This warrants further evaluation of Palomid 529 for treatment of high‐grade gliomas and other intracranial malignancies.
A Bundle Type Dual-Ascent Approach to Linear Multicommodity Min-Cost Flow Problems

We present a Cost Decomposition approach for the linear Multicommodity Min-Cost Flow problem, where the mutual capacity constraints are dualized and the resulting Lagrangean Dual is solved with a dual-ascent algorithm belonging to the class of Bundle methods. Although decomposition approaches to block-structured Linear Programs have been reported not to be competitive with general-purpose software, our extensive computational comparison shows that, when carefully implemented, a decomposition algorithm can outperform several other approaches, especially on problems where the number of commodities is "large" with respect to the size of the graph. Our specialized Bundle algorithm is characterized by a new heuristic for the trust region parameter handling, and embeds a specialized Quadratic Program solver that allows the efficient implementation of strategies for reducing the number of active Lagrangean variables. We also exploit the structural properties of the single-commodity Min-Cost Flow subproblems to reduce the overall computational cost. The proposed approach can be easily extended to handle variants of the problem.
An Evaluation of QoE in Cloud Gaming Based on Subjective Tests

Cloud Gaming is a new kind of service, which combines the successful concepts of Cloud Computing and Online Gaming. It provides the entire game experience to the users remotely from a data center. The player is no longer dependent on a specific type or quality of gaming hardware, but is able to use common devices. The end device only needs a broadband internet connection and the ability to display High Definition (HD) video. While this may reduce hardware costs for users and increase the revenue for developers by leaving out the retail chain, it also raises new challenges for service quality in terms of bandwidth and latency for the underlying network. In this paper we present the results of a subjective user study we conducted into the user-perceived quality of experience (QoE)in Cloud Gaming. We design a measurement environment, that emulates this new type of service, define tests for users to assess the QoE, derive Key Influence Factors (KFI) and influences of content and perception from our results.
Saliency-enhanced image aesthetics class prediction

We present a saliency-enhanced method for the classification of professional photos and snapshots. First, we extract the salient regions from an image by utilizing a visual saliency model. We assume that the salient regions contain the photo subject. Then, in addition to a set of discriminative global image features, we extract a set of salient features that characterize the subject and depict the subject-background relationship. Our high-level perceptual approach produces a promising 5-fold cross-validation (5-CV) classification accuracy of 78.8%, significantly higher than existing approaches that concentrate mainly on global features.
Agile development methods through the eyes of Organisational Network Analysis

Agile software development is all about creating a healthy environment where everyone concerned with the development process collaborates efficiently. The major advantage of agile development methods is that they take into account the way the human society works and interacts. This paper's purpose is to analyse one of the most used agile development methods, SCRUM, from the point of view of information flow and exchange. Having as a model a software company we shall create graphs that capture the transfer of information from different perspectives. In analysing the information flow through the networks we shall use one of the most recent developed methods, called Organisational Networks Analysis (ONA). ONA is based on the techniques used in Social Network Analysis, techniques used to analyse formal or informal networks that appear in an organisation. The information exchange graphs are created with the purpose to approximate three perspectives of information flow: Stakeholders' requests, between teams skill exchange, inside teams skill exchange; We shall prove that SCRUM's effects on organisational structures has important benefits on the transfer of information. To measure these benefits we shall compare SCRUM's organisational structure with the classical hierarchical structure.
Decision support tools and strategies to simulate forest landscape evolutions integrating forest owner behaviour: A review from the case studies of the European project, INTEGRAL

For forest sustainability and vulnerability assessment, the landscape scale is considered to be more and more relevant as the stand level approaches its known limitations. This review, which describes the main forest landscape simulation tools used in the 20 European case studies of the European project “Future-oriented integrated management of European forest landscapes” (INTEGRAL), gives an update on existing decision support tools to run landscape simulation from Mediterranean to boreal ecosystems. The main growth models and software available in Europe are described, and the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches are discussed. Trades-offs between input efforts and output are illustrated. Recommendations for the selection of a forest landscape simulator are given. The paper concludes by describing the need to have tools that are able to cope with climate change and the need to build more robust indicators for assessment of forest landscape sustainability and vulnerability.
The automatic generation of software test data using genetic algorithms

Genetic Algorithms (GAs) have been used successfully to automate the generation of test data for software developed in ADA83. The test data were derived from the program's structure with the aim to traverse every branch in the software. The investigation uses fitness functions based on the Hamming distance between the expressions in the branch predicate and on the reciprocal of the difference between numerical expressions in the predicate. The input variables are represented in Gray code and as an image of the machine memory. The power of using GAs lies in thenability to handle input data which may be of complex structure, and predicates which may be complicated and unknown functions of the input variables. Thus, the problem of test data generation is treated entirely as an optimisation problem. Random testing is used as a comparison of the effectiveness of test data generation using GAs which requires up to two orders of magnitude fewer tests than random testing and achieves 100% branch coverage. The advantage of GAs is that through the search and optimisation process, test sets are improved such that they are at or close to the input subdomain boundaries. The GAs give most improvements over random testing when these subdomains are small. Mutation analysis is used to establish the quality of test data generation and the strengths and weaknesses of the test data generation
Distributed file allocation with consistency constraints

The resource allocation problem in distributed computing systems that have strict mutual consistency requirements is discussed. A model that incorporates the behavior of consistency control algorithms which ensure that mutual consistency of replicated data is preserved even when communication links of the computer network and/or computers on which the files reside fail is presented. The constrained resource allocation problem is formulated as a mixed nonlinear integer program. An efficient algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated in terms of its accuracy, efficiency and execution times, using a representative problem set. <<ETX>>
Partnering with Health Care Systems to Assess Tobacco Treatment Practices and Beliefs Among Clinicians: Evaluating the Process

Background Tobacco is a major cause of preventable illness and death. However, clinician use of an evidence-based guideline for treatment of tobacco use is low. This case study describes the process for conducting a pre-intervention assessment of clinician practices and beliefs regarding treatment of tobacco use. Community Context Louisiana State University Health System, one of the largest safety-net public hospital systems in the United States, consists of 10 facilities in population centers across the state of Louisiana. The system serves a large proportion of the state’s underinsured and uninsured, low-income, and racial/ethnic minority populations, groups that have high rates of tobacco use. Methods Activities included 1) partnering with hospital administrators to generate support for conducting a clinician assessment, 2) identifying and adapting a survey tool to assess clinicians’ practices and beliefs regarding treatment of tobacco use, 3) developing a survey protocol and obtaining approval from the institutional review board, and 4) administering the survey electronically, using the hospital’s e-mail system. Outcome Existing partnerships and system resources aided survey administration. Use of the hospital’s internal e-mail system and distribution of an online survey were effective means to engage clinicians. Following notification, 43.6% of 4,508 clinicians opened their e-mail containing the invitation letter with a Web link to the survey; of these, 83.1% (1,634) completed the survey. Interpretation Partnering with stakeholders and using existing resources within the health care system are essential to successful implementation of a system-wide survey of clinician practices and beliefs regarding treatment of tobacco use.
A Hybrid ART-GRNN Online Learning Neural Network With a $\varepsilon$ -Insensitive Loss Function

In this brief, a new neural network model called generalized adaptive resonance theory (GART) is introduced. GART is a hybrid model that comprises a modified Gaussian adaptive resonance theory (MGA) and the generalized regression neural network (GRNN). It is an enhanced version of the GRNN, which preserves the online learning properties of adaptive resonance theory (ART). A series of empirical studies to assess the effectiveness of GART in classification, regression, and time series prediction tasks is conducted. The results demonstrate that GART is able to produce good performances as compared with those of other methods, including the online sequential extreme learning machine (OSELM) and sequential learning radial basis function (RBF) neural network models.
Economic Analysis and Statistical Disclosure Limitation

This paper explores the consequences for economic research of methods used by data publishers to protect the privacy of their respondents. We review the concept of statistical disclosure limitation for an audience of economists who may be unfamiliar with these methods. We characterize what it means for statistical disclosure limitation to be ignorable. When it is not ignorable, we consider the effects of statistical disclosure limitation for a variety of research designs common in applied economic research. Because statistical agencies do not always report the methods they use to protect confidentiality, we also characterize settings in which statistical disclosure limitation methods are discoverable; that is, they can be learned from the released data. We conclude with advice for researchers, journal editors, and statistical agencies.
On supporting handoff management for multi-source video streaming in mobile communication systems

Video streaming to mobile users is gaining momentum within the communities of both industrial and academic researchers. In a previous research work, the authors proposed a multi-source streaming method for video streaming to mobile users. The focus was on video fragmentation and packet scheduling to avoid packet reordering and packet redundancy. As a continuation to the work, this paper presents a handoff management method to support userspsila mobility and to guarantee continuous and smooth playback of video data for users while they are on move. For performance evaluation, some simulation results are presented.
Mindfulness Meditation-Based Pain Relief Employs Different Neural Mechanisms Than Placebo and Sham Mindfulness Meditation-Induced Analgesia

Mindfulness meditation reduces pain in experimental and clinical settings. However, it remains unknown whether mindfulness meditation engages pain-relieving mechanisms other than those associated with the placebo effect (e.g., conditioning, psychosocial context, beliefs). To determine whether the analgesic mechanisms of mindfulness meditation are different from placebo, we randomly assigned 75 healthy, human volunteers to 4 d of the following: (1) mindfulness meditation, (2) placebo conditioning, (3) sham mindfulness meditation, or (4) book-listening control intervention. We assessed intervention efficacy using psychophysical evaluation of experimental pain and functional neuroimaging. Importantly, all cognitive manipulations (i.e., mindfulness meditation, placebo conditioning, sham mindfulness meditation) significantly attenuated pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings when compared to rest and the control condition (p < 0.05). Mindfulness meditation reduced pain intensity (p = 0.032) and pain unpleasantness (p < 0.001) ratings more than placebo analgesia. Mindfulness meditation also reduced pain intensity (p = 0.030) and pain unpleasantness (p = 0.043) ratings more than sham mindfulness meditation. Mindfulness-meditation-related pain relief was associated with greater activation in brain regions associated with the cognitive modulation of pain, including the orbitofrontal, subgenual anterior cingulate, and anterior insular cortex. In contrast, placebo analgesia was associated with activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and deactivation of sensory processing regions (secondary somatosensory cortex). Sham mindfulness meditation-induced analgesia was not correlated with significant neural activity, but rather by greater reductions in respiration rate. This study is the first to demonstrate that mindfulness-related pain relief is mechanistically distinct from placebo analgesia. The elucidation of this distinction confirms the existence of multiple, cognitively driven, supraspinal mechanisms for pain modulation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recent findings have demonstrated that mindfulness meditation significantly reduces pain. Given that the “gold standard” for evaluating the efficacy of behavioral interventions is based on appropriate placebo comparisons, it is imperative that we establish whether there is an effect supporting meditation-related pain relief above and beyond the effects of placebo. Here, we provide novel evidence demonstrating that mindfulness meditation produces greater pain relief and employs distinct neural mechanisms than placebo cream and sham mindfulness meditation. Specifically, mindfulness meditation-induced pain relief activated higher-order brain regions, including the orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices. In contrast, placebo analgesia was associated with decreased pain-related brain activation. These findings demonstrate that mindfulness meditation reduces pain through unique mechanisms and may foster greater acceptance of meditation as an adjunct pain therapy.
Empirical Analysis of User Participation in Online Communities: the Case of Wikipedia

We study the distribution of the activity period of users in five of the largest localized versions of the free, on- line encyclopedia Wikipedia. We find it to be consis- tent with a mixture of two truncated log-normal distri- butions. Using this model, the temporal evolution of these systems can be analyzed, showing that the statis- tical description is consistent over time.
Influence of gold nanoparticles' size on the trapping performance of optical tweezers

Gold nanoparticles are considered to be better probes than the traditional polystyrene nanobeads in nanomaterials and nanobiotechnology. Meanwhile, optical tweezers are very popular tool for manipulation and force measurement in these fields. Gold nanoparticles with different size will receive radiation forces with different scale in optical tweezers. This paper theoretically studies the trapping performance of the optical tweezers for the gold nanoparticle with different size, and finally gives the relation curves between the radiation forces and the radius of the of the particle.
System architecture and platform design for terrestrial ultra-high definition (UHD) broadcasting service

Increasing demand for immersive media service and improved television device techniques accelerate ultra-high definition UHD service realisation. In addition, the traditional broadcasting service has advanced into a smart media with the help of communication network and information technology. However, terrestrial broadcasters comparatively lag behind new players in spite of their powerful contents and stable terrestrial media delivery networks. In this paper, we consider system requirement of terrestrial UHDTV broadcasting service and propose system architecture of the UHDTV media platform based on a set-top-box STB with various new functions. Also, we suggest specific transmission network architecture and platform components for UHD broadcasting service. The proposed media platform is expected to increase the number of direct receiving households and to enhance the rights of the free-viewers, which is one of the natural missions of terrestrial broadcasters. Also, it can provide some profit models of UHD terrestrial broadcasting service with new value-added services.