Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smart cloud search services: verifiable keyword-based semantic search over encrypted cloud data

With the increasing popularity of the pay-as-you- consume cloud computing paradigm, a large number of cloud services are pushed to consumers. One hand, it brings great convenience to consumers who use intelligent terminals; on the other hand, consumers are also facing serious difficulties that how to search the most suitable services or products from cloud. So how to enable a smart cloud search scheme is a critical problem in the consumer-centric cloud computing paradigm. For protecting data privacy, sensitive data are always encrypted before being outsourced. Although the existing searchable encryption schemes enable users to search over encrypted data, these schemes support only exact keyword search, which greatly affects data usability. Moreover, these schemes do not support verifiability of search result. In order to save computation cost or download bandwidth, cloud server only conducts a fraction of search operation or return a part of result, which is viewed as selfish and semi-honest-but-curious. So, how to enhance flexibility of encrypted cloud data while supporting verifiability of search result is a big challenge. To tackle the challenge, a smart semantic search scheme is proposed in this paper, which returns not only the result of keyword-based exact match, but also the result of keyword-based semantic match. At the same time, the proposed scheme supports the verifiability of search result. The rigorous security analysis and performance analysis show that the proposed scheme is secure under the proposed model and effectively achieves the goal of keyword-based semantic search.
Static Hedging of Barrier Options under General Asset Dynamics

The Black-Scholes model and most other modern derivatives pricing models are based on the idea of replicating an option's payoff by dynamically trading between the underlying asset and riskless borrowing or lending. But dynamic hedging has always worked a lot better in theory than in practice, where transactions costs, stochastic volatility, non-diffusion price jumps, and other deviations from the model's assumptions have to be dealt with. Barrier options in particular present problems because dynamic hedging becomes very difficult when the underlying asset price is near the barrier. An alternative approach that has been explored to some degree in the literature is static hedging, in which the payoff on an option is replicated by a static portfolio of other options. Several different ways to do this have been proposed, though they may entail unrealistic requirements, such as the existence of plain vanilla options with a continuum of strike prices. In this article, Nalholm and Poulsen present an implementable general static hedging technique for barrier options. It uses only contracts that are traded in the market and works for jump-diffusion processes with stochastic volatility, thus nesting the existing methods. Simulation results show that the technique performs substantially better than previous models.
Exploiting the conditional density in estimating the term structure

The authors propose an empirical method that utilizes the conditional density of the state variables to estimate and test a term structure model with known price formulae using data on both discount and coupon bonds. The method is applied to an extension of a two-factor model due to J. C. Cox, J. E. Ingersoll, and S. A. Ross (1985). The authors' results show that estimates based on only bills imply unreasonably large price errors for longer maturities. They reject the original Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross model using a likelihood ratio test and conclude that the extended Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross model also fails to provide a good description of the Treasury market. Copyright 1994 by American Finance Association.
Face Support - Chinese Particles As Mitigators: A Study Of Ba A/Ya And Ne

Requesting, as a speech act, represents a communication of beliefs, for example: (1) that S believes H can do X (2), that S believes X would incur imposition on H, and (3) that mitigation by S would be in order (Negative politeness). This paper 1 addresses the functional significance of three Chinese (Mandarin/Putonghua) particles ba, a/ya and ne in the speech act of requesting, specifically how as pragmatic devices they help to reduce the illocutionary force of imperatives in direct requests. In other words, how they serve to modify the proposition 'That H do X'. In Searle's words, these particles would be described as illocutionary indicators:
Effects of Acute Stress on Decision Making under Ambiguous and Risky Conditions in Healthy Young Men

Abstract Acute stress and decision making (DM) interact in life – although little is known about the role of ambiguity and risk in this interaction. The aim of this study is to clarify the effect of acute stress on DM under various conditions. Thirty-one young healthy men were randomly distributed into two groups: experimental and control. DM processes were evaluated before and after an experimental session. For the experimental group, the session consisted of an acute stress battery; and the protocol was similar for the control group but the instructions were designed to minimize acute stress. Cardiovascular variables were continuously recorded 30 minutes before the DM tasks and during the experimental session. Cortisol, glucose, mood responses, and personality factors were also assessed. Acute stress was found to enhance disadvantageous decisions under ambiguous conditions (F(1, 29) = 4.16, p = . 05, η2 p = . 13), and this was mainly explained by the stress induced cortisol response (26.1% of variance, F(1, 30) = 11.59, p = . 002). While there were no significant effects under risky conditions, inhibition responses differed between groups (F(1, 29) = 4.21, p = . 05, η2 p = . 13) and these differences were explained by cardiovascular and psychological responses (39.1% of variance, F(3, 30) = 7.42, p < . 001). Results suggest that DM tasks could compete with cognitive resources after acute stress and could have implications for intervention in acute stress effects on DM in contexts such as addiction or eating disorders.
EMA analysis of tongue function in children with dysarthria following traumatic brain injury

Primary objective: To investigate the speed and accuracy of tongue movements exhibited by a sample of children with dysarthria following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) during speech using electromagnetic articulography (EMA). Methods and procedures: Four children, aged between 12.75-17.17 years with dysarthria following TBI, were assessed using the AG-100 electromagnetic articulography system (Carstens Medizinelektronik). The movement trajectories of receiver coils affixed to each child's tongue were examined during consonant productions, together with a range of quantitative kinematic parameters. The children's results were individually compared against the mean values obtained by a group of eight control children (mean age of 14.67 years, SD 1.60). Main outcomes and results: All four TBI children were perceived to exhibit reduced rates of speech and increased word durations. Objective EMA analysis revealed that two of the TBI children exhibited significantly longer consonant durations compared to the control group, resulting from different underlying mechanisms relating to speed generation capabilities and distances travelled. The other two TBI children did not exhibit increased initial consonant movement durations, suggesting that the vowels and/or final consonants may have been contributing to the increased word durations. Conclusions and clinical implications: The finding of different underlying articulatory kinematic profiles has important implications for the treatment of speech rate disturbances in children with dysarthria following TBI.
A comparative study of root coverage with connective tissue and platelet concentrate grafts: 8-month results.

BACKGROUND Gingival recession presents destruction of both soft and hard tissues. The objectives of this randomized clinical trial were to assess the clinical efficacy of platelet concentrate grafts (PCG) in the treatment of Miller Class I or II buccal gingival defects and to compare their soft tissue healing with those of subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTG). METHODS Seventeen arches in 15 patients with bilateral gingival recessions were treated with SCTG and PCG covered by coronally advanced flaps. Vertical recession depth (VRD), clinical attachment level (CAL), clinical probing depth (PD), and width of keratinized tissue (KTW) were measured preoperatively and 8 months postsurgery. Surveys on post-surgical discomfort level (PSDL) and manual platelet count were also performed. Esthetic outcomes were also evaluated. Paired t test, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and chi-square and signed-rank tests were used to access statistical significance (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS Mean VRD statistically significantly decreased from 2.43 mm presurgery to 0.48 mm with PCG (80% root coverage) and from 2.48 mm to 0.17 mm with SCTG (95% root coverage). No statistically significant differences between the treatments were found for VRD, CAL, and KTW, while mean PD was significantly shallower in the PCG group (1.05 mm) than that in the SCTG group (1.79 mm). Complete coverage was achieved in 60% of the PCG group and in 65.5% of the SCTG group. PSDL was significantly lower in the PCG group 1 month post-surgery. Platelet counts demonstrated a five-fold increase in PC. Soft tissue in the PCG group demonstrated superior contour and texture matching when compared to the SCTG group. CONCLUSIONS The platelet concentrate graft may be an alternative graft material for treating gingival recession. Treatment with this graft may result in better esthetic appearance.
Advanced Driver Assistant System

In this project, we designed an advanced driver assistant system with three functions: traffic sign recognition, lane deviation detection, and car make identification. The traffic sign recognition implements Viola and Jones detector to accurately detect the traffic sign ahead. Hough transforms and edge detection are used in the lane deviation detection. For vehicle make identification, two models using 2-layer neural network and convolutional neural network have been constructed. These two models will provide high accuracy testing result after training processes.
Relationship of regional adiposity to insulin resistance and serum triglyceride levels in nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between insulin resistance and regional abdominal fat area, body mass index (BMI), and serum lipid profile in nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. A total of 63 nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients aged 45 to 83 years were examined. The duration of diabetes was 8.4 +/- 0.8 years. BMI, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels, and fasting concentrations of plasma glucose, serum lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, and triglycerides), and serum insulin were measured. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was calculated using the Friedewald formula (LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol - 1/5 triglycerides). Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Computed tomography (CT) was used to measure cross-sectional abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat areas in all the patients. Adipose tissue areas were determined at the umbilical level. Subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat areas were 136.5 +/- 6.0 and 86.0 +/- 4.1 cm(2), respectively. Univariate regression analysis showed that insulin resistance was positively correlated with subcutaneous (r =.544, P <.001) and visceral (r =.408, P =.001) fat areas, BMI (r =.324, P =.009), HbA(1c) (r =.254, P =.001), serum triglycerides (r =.419, P <.001), and serum LDL cholesterol (r =.290, P =.019) levels and was negatively correlated with serum HDL cholesterol level (r =.254, P =.041). Multiple regression analyses showed that insulin resistance was independently predicted by the areas of subcutaneous (F = 6.76, P <.001) and visceral (F = 4.61, P <.001) abdominal fat and serum triglycerides (F = 8.88, P <.001) level, which explained 36.9% of the variability of insulin resistance. Moreover, the present study demonstrated that whereas BMI was positively correlated with visceral (r =.510, P <.001) and subcutaneous (r =.553, P <.001) fat areas, serum triglyceride level was positively associated with visceral (r =.302, P =.015), but not with subcutaneous (r =.222, P =.074) fat area. From these results, it can be suggested that (1) both subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat areas are independently associated with insulin resistance and (2) visceral fat area, but not the subcutaneous one, is associated with serum triglyceride levels in our nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
Tenure-Based Wage Setting

We provide empirical support for the contention that within-job wage growth relates purely to job-specific performance and that returns to general experience are assessed at the point of job change. Using the British New Earnings Survey panel data we identify job changes that take place both within and between firms. We follow a cohort of 6778 male workers (born between 1958 and 1962) for the period 1975 to 1994 and estimate their within-job wage changes by allowing returns to vary over jobs. Between job changes are observed for individuals changing jobs in 1994. This work leads us to question the meaningfulness of attempts to separate returns to general and firm-specific human capital.
Service-Enriched Housing

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to determine whether service-enriched housing (i.e., the Staying at Home [SAH] program) in publicly subsidized buildings for low-income older adults influenced resident outcomes. Method: Eleven elderly high-rise buildings were used. Seven buildings had the SAH program and four did not. Information was collected from resident questionnaires, housing managers data, and medical information. A total of 10 desired outcomes were proposed as part of SAH (e.g., health improvements, receive more non-institutional services, receive more preventive services, and be less likely to be institutionalized). Information was collected over the course of the SAH program every 6 months from December 2008 through June 2011. Results: Overall, 736 surveys were completed by SAH program participants and 399 were completed by control group participants. Seven of the ten desired outcomes were achieved, and in 3 of the ten cases, no differences between the SAH group and control group were identified. The program was also beneficial with respect to cost savings. Conclusion: On the basis of these findings, the SAH program should be viewed as a success. In this case, service-enriched housing for elders in high-rise buildings would appear to be beneficial.
Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)P3 Is Essential but Not Sufficient for Protein Kinase B (PKB) Activation; Phosphatidylinositol (3,4)P2 Is Required for PKB Phosphorylation at Ser-473

Using bone marrow derived mast cells from SH2-containing inositol-5-phosphatase (SHIP) +/+ and −/− mice, we found that the loss of SHIP leads to a dramatic increase in Steel Factor (SF)-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3), a substantial reduction in PI(3,4)P2, and no change in PI(4,5)P2 levels. We also found that SF-induced activation of protein kinase B (PKB) is increased and prolonged in SHIP−/− cells, due in large part to more PKB associating with the plasma membrane in these cells. Pretreatment of SHIP−/− cells with 25 μm LY294002 resulted in complete inhibition of SF-induced PI(3,4)P2, while still yielding PI(3,4,5)P3 levels similar to those achieved in SHIP+/+ cells. This offered a unique opportunity to study the regulation of PKB by PI(3,4,5)P3, in the absence of PI(3,4)P2. Under these conditions, PKB activity was markedly reduced compared with that in SF-stimulated SHIP+/+ cells, even though more PKB localized to the plasma membrane. Although phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 mediated phosphorylation of PKB at Thr-308 was unaffected by LY294002, phosphorylation at Ser-473 was dramatically reduced. Moreover, intracellular delivery of PI(3,4)P2 to LY294002-pretreated, SF-stimulated SHIP−/− cells increased phosphorylation of PKB at Ser-473 and increased PKB activity. These results are consistent with a model in which SHIP serves as a regulator of both activity and subcellular localization of PKB.
X-band transmitarray using cut-ring patch

This paper presents in detail the design of unit-cell for passive transmitarray. The unit-cell is based on multilayer structure and the use of cut-ring patches coupled through ring slots. Seven unit-cells are optimized to obtain seven transmission phase states with a step of 45° for a −3 dB bandwidth of 0.8 GHz. A transmitarray antenna is designed and simulated at X-band to verify the performance of the unit cells. The simulation and measurement results show a good agreement. The antenna has good radiation pattern and high aperture efficiency.
Ecotourism: Impacts, Potentials and Possibilities?

Departure: surveying the ground If Ecotourism is not just an activity but a philosophy which philosophy? Tourism development: Government, industry, policy and planning Ecotourism and protected areas: Visitor management for sustainability The role of interpretation in achieving a sustainable future Linking conservation and communities: Community benefits and social costs Case studies: Introducing the local and national Marketing ecotourism: Meeting and shaping expectations and demands Could the 'real' ecotourist please stand up! Ecotourism: A model for sustainable development.
Comparative Fingerprinting Analysis ofCampylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni Strains by Amplified-Fragment Length Polymorphism Genotyping

ABSTRACT Amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis with the endonucleases BglII and MfeI was used to genotype 91 Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejunistrains from outbreaks and sporadic cases. AFLP-generated fragments were labeled with fluorescent dye and separated by capillary electrophoresis. The software packages GeneScan and GelCompar II were used to calculate AFLP pattern similarities and to investigate phylogenetic relationships among the genotyped strains. The AFLP method was compared with two additional DNA-based typing methods, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using SmaI and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on PCR products (PCR-RFLP) of theflaA and flaB genes. We found that AFLP analysis of C. jejuni strains is a rapid method that offers better discriminatory power than do both PFGE and PCR-RFLP. AFLP and, to a lesser extent, PCR-RFLP could differentiate strains within the same PFGE profiles, which also makes PCR-RFLP an alternative to PFGE. We were able to clearly distinguish 9 of 10 recognized outbreaks by AFLP and to identify similarities among outbreak and sporadic strains. Therefore, AFLP is suitable for epidemiological surveillance ofC. jejuni and will be an excellent tool for source identification in outbreak situations.
Multivariate time‐dependent comparison of the impact of lenalidomide in lower‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes with chromosome 5q deletion

The impact of lenalidomide treatment on long‐term outcomes of patients with lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chromosome 5q deletion (del(5q)) is unclear. This study used time‐dependent multivariate methodology to analyse the influence of lenalidomide therapy on overall survival (OS) and acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) progression in 215 patients with International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) low or intermediate‐1 risk and del(5q). There were significant differences in several relevant characteristics at presentation between patients receiving (n = 86) or not receiving lenalidomide (n = 129). The 5‐year time‐dependent probabilities of OS and progression to AML were 62% and 31% for patients receiving lenalidomide and 42% and 25% for patients not receiving lenalidomide; differences were not statistically significant in multivariate analysis that included all variables independently associated with those outcomes (OS, P = 0·45; risk of AML, P = 0·31, respectively). Achievement of RBC transfusion independency (P = 0·069) or cytogenetic response (P = 0·021) after lenalidomide was associated with longer OS in multivariate analysis. These data clearly show that response to lenalidomide results in a substantial clinical benefit in lower risk MDS patients with del(5q). Lenalidomide treatment does not appear to increase AML risk in this population of patients.
Is it Better to be Naughty or Nice?

Investment analysts are trained that the primary responsibility of managers in public companies is to maximize shareholder wealth by raising the value of their stock holdings without regard for any greater societal good. Only recently have analysts begun to recognize the influence of various external stakeholders on the financial viability of corporations that violate ethical norms. The result is an increasing interest in socially responsible investing, defined as the process of integrating personal values and societal concerns into investment decision making. This orientation to the issue considers both academic research and popular press treatments. Careful selection of socially responsible investments over broader market investments may actually represent a value-maximizing strategy. Financial analysts will need to move beyond a laundry list of mutual funds in their dealings with investors.
Analysis of gene expression in mouse brain regions after exposure to 1.9 GHz radiofrequency fields

Abstract Purpose: To assess 1.9 GHz radiofrequency (RF) field exposure on gene expression within a variety of discrete mouse brain regions using whole genome microarray analysis. Materials and methods: Adult male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated or continuous-wave RF fields for 4 h/day for 5 consecutive days at whole body average (WBA) specific absorption rates of 0 (sham), ∼0.2 W/kg and ∼1.4 W/kg. Total RNA was isolated from the auditory cortex, amygdala, caudate, cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and medial prefrontal cortex and differential gene expression was assessed using Illumina MouseWG-6 (v2) BeadChip arrays. Validation of potentially responding genes was conducted by RT-PCR. Results: When analysis of gene expression was conducted within individual brain regions when controlling the false discovery rate (FDR), no differentially expressed genes were identified relative to the sham control. However, it must be noted that most fold changes among groups were observed to be less than 1.5-fold and this study had limited ability to detect such small changes. While some genes were differentially expressed without correction for multiple-comparisons testing, no consistent pattern of response was observed among different RF-exposure levels or among different RF-modulations. Conclusions: The current study provides the most comprehensive analysis of potential gene expression changes in the rodent brain in response to RF field exposure conducted to date. Within the exposure conditions and limitations of this study, no convincing evidence of consistent changes in gene expression was found in response to 1.9 GHz RF field exposure.