Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A barley powdery mildew fungus non-autonomous retrotransposon encodes a peptide that supports penetration success on barley

Plant immunity is overcome by pathogens by the means of secreted effectors. Host effector targets might be proteins acting in pathogen defense or serve demands of the pathogen. The barley ROP GTPase HvRACB is involved in entry of the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh) into barley epidermal cells. We found that HvRACB interacts with the ROP-interactive peptide 1 (ROPIP1) that is encoded on the active non-long terminal repeat retroelement Eg-R1 of Bgh. Over-expression of ROPIP1 in barley epidermal cells and host-induced post-transcriptional gene silencing (HIGS) of ROPIP1 suggested that ROPIP1 is involved in virulence of Bgh. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-localization supported that ROPIP1 can interact with activated HvRACB in planta. We show that ROPIP1 is expressed by Bgh on barley and translocated into the cytoplasm of infected barley cells. ROPIP1 is recruited to microtubules upon co-expression of MICROTUBULE ASSOCIATED ROP GTPase ACTIVATING PROTEIN (HvMAGAP1) and can destabilize cortical microtubules. Bgh ROPIP might target HvRACB and manipulate host cell microtubule organization for facilitated host cell entry. Data suggest a possible neo-functionalization of retroelement-derived transcripts for the evolution of a pathogen virulence effector.
Availability optimization in shared-backup path protected networks

Previous approaches for assessing network availability in a shared-backup path protected network are not guaranteed to provide best-case or optimum availability. By incorporating linear programming directly within the availability analysis approach, the algorithm presented herein seeks to provide the maximum network availability achievable, given a specified network capacity plan. We also investigate the relationship between the amount of spare capacity provided to the network and the resultant maximized availability. The algorithmic approach is tested on a suite of test case networks of varying scale and connectivity.
The Design and Optimization of Combined Rogowski Coil Based on Printed Circuit Board

Rogowski coil has been widely used for measurement of small magnitude with fast rise time signal such as partial discharge (PD), but Rogowski coil based on Printed circuit board (PCB Rogowski) has limitation for this application. This paper presents the prototype of Combined Rogowski coil that can overcome the drawback of PCB Rogowski coil. Experimental results showed that the proposed coil was able to measure a simulated of PD signal and its output signal indicated that the coil is suitable for a detection of small magnitude signal when compare with the other coils. The proposed Combined Rogowski coil in this research has upper frequency ( f h ) of 53.59 MHz and mutual inductance ( M )of 0.417 μH , while PCB Rogowski coil has f h of 22.48 MHz and M of 0.026 μH. The oscillation of signal output that caused by non-uniform winding also has diminished. The electrical parameters that affected the performance of coil were controlled by the geometric variables and optimized by multi-objective genetic algorithm to achieve the optimum design of coil.
DEVELOPMENT OF FENOFIBRIC ACID DELAYED RELEASE PELLETS: OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS VARIABLES IN FLUID BED PROCESS

: The objective of the present study was to optimize the process of Fenofibric acid delayed release (DR) pellets. Wurster (Bottom spray fluid bed coating) process was employed to develop the Fenofibric acid DR pellets. This study assesses the impact of various process variables on drug layering by using statistical interpretation such as ANOVA. A face centered central composite design (CCD) was employed to study the effect of independent variables (product temperature, atomization air pressure, fluidization air volume and spray rate) on dependent variables (Fines, agglomerates, coating efficiency and assay). Fabricated pellets were characterized for various physico-chemical parameters and stability studies. Optimization was done by fitting experimental results to the software program (Design expert). The design space for process parameters and its influence on %fines, % agglomerates, coating efficiency and assay was developed. From the obtained results, 40°C ± 3°C as product temperature, 0.8 -1.2 kg/cm 2 as atomization air pressure, 50 -65 cfm as fluidization air volume and 2-6 g/min as spray rate were selected as the operating ranges for robust coating process, desired yield and quality of the product. The drug release from the optimized formulation followed first order kinetics and controlled by non fickian transport. There is no significant change observed during stability. It was concluded that the face centered central composite design facilitated the process optimization of Fenofibric acid DR pellets. The Fenofibric acid DR pellets were successfully developed by employing bottom spray fluid bed coating (Wurster) technique.
A Low Viscosity Lunar Magma Ocean Forms a Stratified Anorthitic Flotation Crust With Mafic Poor and Rich Units

Much of the lunar crust is monomineralic, comprising >98% plagioclase. The prevailing model argues the crust accumulated as plagioclase floated to the surface of a solidifying lunar magma ocean (LMO). Whether >98% pure anorthosites can form in a flotation scenario is debated. An important determinant of the efficiency of plagioclase fractionation is the viscosity of the LMO liquid, which was unconstrained. Here we present results from new experiments conducted on a late LMO‐relevant ferrobasaltic melt. The liquid has an exceptionally low viscosity of 0.22−0.19+0.11 to 1.45−0.82+0.46 Pa s at experimental conditions (1,300–1,600°C; 0.1–4.4 GPa) and can be modeled by an Arrhenius relation. Extrapolating to LMO‐relevant temperatures, our analysis suggests a low viscosity LMO would form a stratified flotation crust, with the oldest units containing a mafic component and with very pure younger units. Old, impure crust may have been buried by lower crustal diapirs of pure anorthosite in a serial magmatism scenario.
When Solving Dyspareunia Is Not Enough to Restore Sexual Function in Women With Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis Treated With Dienogest

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate dyspareunia and sexual function (SF) in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) who were treated with dienogest (DNG) for 12 months. The prospective cohort study took place at the University of Campinas, Brazil, and included 30 women with sonographic diagnosis of DIE and sexual dysfunction treated with 2 mg/daily DNG for 12 months. SF parameters were assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) before and after treatment, and dyspareunia was quantified through the visual analog scale (VAS) during the follow-ups performed every three months. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA test and through the use of software SAS, Version 9.4. Women were on average 36.13 ± 6.24 years old, and all of them showed sexual dysfunction (FSFI =17.6 ± 5.7) before DNG; 88.3% had dyspareunia as the main symptom related to DIE (VAS before: 5.3 ± 3.1). At the end of the treatment, dyspareunia showed a decrease of intensity (VAS after: 3.7 ± 3.3; p = .0093) and an improvement on FSFI index was accomplished (p = .0023); however, it did not restore SF completely, considering the FSFI cutoff < 26.55. Long-term treatment for DIE with DNG has provided a decrease in dyspareunia and also an enhancement of SF, although SF has not been restored to normal levels.
FACTORS AFFECTING VISUALLY EVOKED CORTICAL POTENTIALS SUCH AS IMPAIRED VISION OF VARYING ETIOLOGY.

Visually evoked responses produced by flickering light stimulation were recorded from the scalp over the occiput in normal subjects and patients with unilateral central visual loss due to various causes. It was necessary to use a digital computer so tluit the small evoked sigmds could be detected from larger extraneous potentials not "time locked" to the stimulus. The signal to noise ratio teas also enhanced by using a narrow band pass frequency filter. Intersubject comparisons of the evoked response obtained from central stimulation of one eye toere limited by intersubject variability. However, there toas much less variability in the evoked responses obtained from stimulation of each eye in the same subject. Impairment of vision in an eye with a central retinal lesion was mdicated by a significant decrease in the size of the evoked response as compared to stimulation of the other normal eye and correlated roughly with the degree of visual loss. Uncorrected refractive errors and opacities of the media altered, the magnitude of the visual evoked response much less than lesions directly involving neural tissue. An apparent decrement in evoked cortical response size with increasing age toas found. The potential for determining macular functioning and the integrity of central visual pathways even with media opacities were discussed.
Social marketing nutrition education for low-income population

ABSTRACT As access to healthy food (or lack thereof) could be considered a social justice issue, social workers should be concerned about this issue and willing to collaborate with colleagues of various disciplines to address it. This study was a formative evaluation conducted to understand best practices, recommendations, and feasibility of a social-marketing-based nutrition education program tailored to the needs of adults with limited income. The authors report findings from focus groups conducted with Cooperative Extension Agents (CEAs) and region coordinators (n = 45) and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) (n = 69) eligible participants to inform the development of a social marketing nutrition intervention for SNAP-Ed in Georgia. Barriers to healthy eating included cultural preferences, costs of healthy food, lack of time, and lack of availability. Social marketing has a potential to deliver effective and efficient SNAP-Ed targeted to large, limited-resource Georgians. Segmenting the low-income population based on geographical location as well as best methods for outreach can allow tailored messages to meet identified needs, lifestyles, and other variables that make these individuals most likely to respond to the program. Food security and nutrition education are topics of concern for all health care professionals interested in addressing complex health issues of many low-income adults.
A Comparison of Selective Pressures in Plant X-Linked and Autosomal Genes

Selection is expected to work differently in autosomal and X-linked genes because of their ploidy difference and the exposure of recessive X-linked mutations to haploid selection in males. However, it is not clear whether these expectations apply to recently evolved sex chromosomes, where many genes retain functional X- and Y-linked gametologs. We took advantage of the recently evolved sex chromosomes in the plant Silene latifolia and its closely related species to compare the selective pressures between hemizygous and non-hemizygous X-linked genes as well as between X-linked genes and autosomal genes. Our analysis, based on over 1000 genes, demonstrated that, similar to animals, X-linked genes in Silene evolve significantly faster than autosomal genes—the so-called faster-X effect. Contrary to expectations, faster-X divergence was detectable only for non-hemizygous X-linked genes. Our phylogeny-based analyses of selection revealed no evidence for faster adaptation in X-linked genes compared to autosomal genes. On the other hand, partial relaxation of purifying selection was apparent on the X-chromosome compared to the autosomes, consistent with a smaller genetic diversity in S. latifolia X-linked genes (πx = 0.016; πaut = 0.023). Thus, the faster-X divergence in S. latifolia appears to be a consequence of the smaller effective population size rather than of a faster adaptive evolution on the X-chromosome. We argue that this may be a general feature of “young” sex chromosomes, where the majority of X-linked genes are not hemizygous, preventing haploid selection in heterogametic sex.
Managing Opportunism in China: The Roles of Guanxi, Environmental Uncertainty, and Management Culture

ABSTRACT Opportunism is known to have detrimental effects on firm performance. Hence, this is important to investigate factors that reduce opportunism. This study aims to examine the effects of guanxi, environmental uncertainty, and management culture on opportunism in China. A questionnaire survey of 211 Chinese dealer companies reveals that guanxi reduces dealers' opportunism and this negative relationship is stronger among firms adopting a Chinese management culture. Environmental uncertainty shows positive effect on opportunism but the relationship is weakened by guanxi. The findings also suggest that the moderating effect of guanxi may be strengthened in the presence of a Chinese management culture.
Groups of Humans and Robots: the AMIGOS Project

This paper describes the AMIGOS project that is investigating the role of social interactions, emotions and adaptation in robots interacting over long periods with a group of users, thus contrasting to the typical one robot one-user paradigm in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). In this paper, we present the initial work of the AMIGOS project and describe two studies conducted with autonomous robots acting in groups (composed by humans and robots) in an entertainment scenario. The first study explores the trust levels towards a robotic partner in a team game, and how it differs from trust levels towards a human partner. Results suggested the trust towards a robotic partner was linked not only with performance aspects, but also with other factors (e.g. previous knowledge/interaction). In the second study, we analysed team formation and team preferences in the same team game scenario, where two autonomous robots, embedding personalities with different goal-orientations, were both opponents and partners of the participants. We believe the results from both studies yield important findings within the goals of the AMIGOS project, and more broadly, for the area of human-robot groups.
Explorer Seh 1 targets GATOR 2 and Nup 153 to mitotic chromosomes

In metazoa, the Nup107 complex (also known as the nucleoporin Y-complex) plays a major role in formation of the nuclear pore complex in interphase and is localised to kinetochores in mitosis. The Nup107 complex shares a single highly conserved subunit, Seh1 (also known as SEH1L in mammals) with the GATOR2 complex, an essential activator of mTORC1 kinase. mTORC1/GATOR2 has a central role in the coordination of cell growth and proliferation. Here, we use chemical genetics and quantitative chromosome proteomics to study the role of the Seh1 protein in mitosis. Surprisingly, Seh1 is not required for the association of the Nup107 complex with mitotic chromosomes, but it is essential for the association of both the GATOR2 complex and nucleoporin Nup153 with mitotic chromosomes. Our analysis also reveals a role for Seh1 at human centromeres, where it is required for efficient localisation of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC). Furthermore, this analysis detects a functional interaction between the Nup107 complex and the small kinetochore protein SKAP (also known as KNSTRN).
The CLV Framework - A Fresh Look at Efficient Pricing with Smile

It is a market practice to price exotic derivatives, like callable basket options, with the local volatility model (B. Dupire, 1994, E. Derman & I. Kani, 1994) which can, contrary to stochastic volatility frameworks, handle multi-dimensionality easily. On the other hand a well-known limitation of the nonparametric local volatility model is the necessity of a short-stepping simulation, which, in high dimensions, is computationally expensive. In this article we propose a new local volatility framework called the Collocating Local Volatility (CLV) model which allows for large Monte Carlo steps and therefore it is computationally efficient. The CLV model is by its construction guaranteed to be almost perfectly calibrated to implied volatility smiles/skews at a given set of expiries. Additionally, the framework allows to control forward volatilities without affecting the fit to plain vanillas. The model requires only a fraction of a second for complete calibration to simple vanilla products and, finally, it allows for calculation of the Greeks without re-simulating of the Monte Carlo paths. We will apply the CLV model for pricing FX barrier options and also show that under this new framework we can easily price Bermudan options on 100-dimensional baskets of correlated underlyings within just a few seconds. Illustrative examples will be also presented.
Kernelized convex hull for visual tracking

In visual tracking, developing a robust appearance model is a challenging task due to variations of object appearances such as background clutter, illumination variation and partial occlusion. In existing tracking algorithms, a target candidate is represented by linear combinations of target templates. However, the relationship between a target candidate and the corresponding target templates is nonlinear because of appearance variations. In this paper, we propose a kernelized convex hull based target representation for visual tracking. Namely, a target is represented by a nonlinear combination of target templates in a mapped higher dimensional feature space. The convex hull model can covers the target appearances that do not appear in the target templates. Experimental results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed tracking algorithm against several state-of-the-art tracking algorithms.
Does Net Buying Pressure Affect the Shape of Implied Volatility Functions?

This paper examines the relation between net buying pressure and the shape of the implied volatility function (IVF) for index and individual stock options. We find that changes in implied volatility are directly related to net buying pressure from public order flow. We also find that changes in implied volatility of S&P 500 options are most strongly affected by buying pressure for index puts, while changes in implied volatility of stock options are dominated by call option demand. Simulated delta-neutral option-writing trading strategies generate abnormal returns that match the deviations of the IVFs above realized historical return volatilities. Copyright 2004 by The American Finance Association.
Overexpression of PRDM13 inhibits glioma cells via Rho and GTP enzyme activation protein

PR (PRDI-BFI and RIZ) domain containing (PRDM) proteins have been shown to be important in several types of human cancer. PRDM13, a member of the PRDM family, contains transcriptional regulators involved in modulating several cellular processes. However, the function of PRDM13 in glioma remains to be elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the expression and effect of PRDM13 on glioma cells. It was found that the expression of PRDM13 was reduced in glioma cells, and the overexpression of PRDM13 significantly decreased the proliferation, migration and invasion of U87 glioma cells. Through validation of RNA-sequencing analysis, genes regulating cell proliferation and migration were classified from Gene Ontology sources. In addition, PRDM13 was shown to be associated with Rho protein and GTP enzyme activation protein. The over expression of PRDM13 upregulated deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of U87 cells. In conclusion, PRDM13 decreased the proliferation and invasion of U87 cells, and may be of potential value for glioma therapy.
Subordinate females in the cooperatively breeding Seychelles warbler obtain direct benefits by joining unrelated groups

In many cooperatively breeding animals, a combination of ecological constraints and benefits of philopatry favours offspring taking a subordinate position on the natal territory instead of dispersing to breed independently. However, in many species individuals disperse to a subordinate position in a non-natal group ("subordinate between-group" dispersal), despite losing the kin-selected and nepotistic benefits of remaining in the natal group. It is unclear which social, genetic and ecological factors drive between-group dispersal. We aim to elucidate the adaptive significance of subordinate between-group dispersal by examining which factors promote such dispersal, whether subordinates gain improved ecological and social conditions by joining a non-natal group, and whether between-group dispersal results in increased lifetime reproductive success and survival. Using a long-term dataset on the cooperatively breeding Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis), we investigated how a suite of proximate factors (food availability, group composition, age and sex of focal individuals, population density) promote subordinate between-group dispersal by comparing such dispersers with subordinates that dispersed to a dominant position or became floaters. We then analysed whether subordinates that moved to a dominant or non-natal subordinate position, or became floaters, gained improved conditions relative to the natal territory and compared fitness components between the three dispersal strategies. We show that individuals that joined another group as non-natal subordinates were mainly female and that, similar to floating, between-group dispersal was associated with social and demographic factors that constrained dispersal to an independent breeding position. Between-group dispersal was not driven by improved ecological or social conditions in the new territory and did not result in higher survival. Instead, between-group dispersing females often became cobreeders, obtaining maternity in the new territory, and were likely to inherit the territory in the future, leading to higher lifetime reproductive success compared to females that floated. Males never reproduced as subordinates, which may be one explanation why subordinate between-group dispersal by males is rare. Our results suggest that subordinate between-group dispersal is used by females to obtain reproductive benefits when options to disperse to an independent breeding position are limited. This provides important insight into the additional strategies that individuals can use to obtain reproductive benefits.
Editorial: From Panel Data to Longitudinal Analytical Designs: a Note on Contemporary Research Based on Data from the Socio Economic Panel Study (SOEP)

Records of contemporary research reveal that panel data is becoming increasingly relevant in social science: In 2014, 32% of all 471 empirical articles in the top-ten economic journals analyzed panel-data. This quota is fairly stable across journals: while only one top-ten Journal has a panel-ratio below 25% (Journal of Financial Economics), in the American Economic Review and Econometrica more than one-third of all empirical articles are based on panel data. Referring to the relevance of panel data in sociology, Young / Johnson (2015) show that 61% of all articles published between 2010 and 2014 in the Journal of marriage and the family (JMF), a sociological top-ten journal with about 90 citable articles per year, use longitudinal research designs. Finally, Giesselmann / Windzio (2014) counted 62 articles based on panel data in the two top German sociological journals (Zeitschrift fur Soziologie and Kolner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpychologie) between 2000 and 2009, of which 56% use data from the Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP).