Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Growth Promoters Used in Animal Feed: Effects of Less Well Known Antibiotics on Gram-Positive Bacteria

SUMMARY There are not many data available on antibiotics used solely in animals and almost exclusively for growth promotion. These products include bambermycin, avilamycin, efrotomycin, and the ionophore antibiotics (monensin, salinomycin, narasin, and lasalocid). Information is also scarce for bacitracin used only marginally in human and veterinary medicine and for streptogramin antibiotics. The mechanisms of action of and resistance mechanisms against these antibiotics are described. Special emphasis is given to the prevalence of resistance among gram-positive bacteria isolated from animals and humans. Since no susceptibility breakpoints are available for most of the antibiotics discussed, an alternative approach to the interpretation of MICs is presented. Also, some pharmacokinetic data and information on the influence of these products on the intestinal flora are presented.
Malware analysis with graph kernels and support vector machines

This paper addresses a fundamentally new method for analyzing the behavior of executed applications and sessions. We describe a modeling framework capable of representing relationships among processes belonging to the same session in an integrated way, as well as the information related to the underlying system calls executed. We leverage for this purpose graph-based kernels and Support Vector Machines (SVM) in order to classify either individually monitored applications or more comprehensive user sessions. Our approach can serve both as a host-level intrusion detection and application level monitoring and as an adaptive jail framework.
The role of alpha-lactalbumin and the A protein in lactose synthetase: a unique mechanism for the control of a biological reaction.

A soluble, partially purified form of the enzyme, found in bovine milk, can be separated by gel filtration into two protein components, designated the A and B proteins. Neither component will catalyze reaction (1) separately, but when they are combined, lactose synthesis is obtained. More recently, the B protein has been found to be identical with the familiar milk protein, a-lactalbumin.2 3 Work in our laboratory has shown that the amino acid sequence of bovine a-LA is very similar to that of hen egg-white lysozyme.4 This homology in primary structure suggests that the structural genes for lysozyme and a-LA have evolved from a relatively recent, common ancestor. The structural similarities also suggest that a-LA may have a conformation quite similar to that established for lysozyme.A It is possible to fit the side chains of bovine a-LA to the lysozyme polypeptide backbone, and thereby generate a structure which retains the major structural features of the lysozyme molecule.6 The studies reported here have been designed to define the roles of the A protein and a-LA in lactose synthetase. The separated A protein has been found to be a UDP-galactose: N-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase which catalyzes the following reaction:
A New Approach to Manage and Utilize Cloud Computing Underused Resources

In this paper a new approach for driving a better cloud computing IaaS Services is presented. This approach focuses on extending the available cloud computing platform infrastructure by harvesting underused generic computing resources that are widely available within public domains such as universities and organizations. Most of the current cloud computing platforms are mainly based on using a dedicating infrastructure to achieve the requested services. The proposed approach aims to improve the computing power for the cloud computing platform without charging any extra cost since generic machines are owned by the enterprise. A new Resources management mechanism is introduced to manage the combination of the dedicated and generic machines. In order to implement and achieve the goals of the proposed approach several challenges should be conquered. These challenges are coming from the inherently stochastic characteristics of the harvested unused computing such as reliability and hardware compatibility. In the implementation, Openstack cloud computing platform is used and extended in such a way that guarantees QoS and an opportunistic use of the idle or underused generic or public computing resources.
STEAM RECEIVER MODELS FOR SOLAR DISH CONCENTRATORS: TWO MODELS COMPARED

1. Abstract This paper presents two approaches developed at the Australian National University for modelling the transient response of a parabolic dish steam cavity receiver. Both approaches are based on a heat transfer model for a cylindrical pipe using a moving-boundary formulation, and feature the ability to model multiple phase flow that changes dynamically. A model simulation is implemented in TRNSYS 16 and compared against an experimental run for the ANU 500m² “SG4” system. Whilst much work internationally on dish concentrator systems has looked at their application with Stirling engines, they are also well suited to the operation of direct steam generating receivers that can produce the highest temperatures and pressures that commercial steam turbines operate at. It is envisaged that plants based on large arrays of dishes would operate by collecting the steam from all the dishes and transporting it to a central power block via a steam line network. Transient modelling for a solar thermal energy plant is crucial for the accurate estimation of its performance. Furthermore, an accurate model can provide insights into the plant’s design and possibilities for optimisation. Another feature of a transient model is its usefulness in developing an automatic control system. This paper reviews the transient model of a dish steam cavity receiver developed by Siangsukone [1] and compares it with a new model currently under development at the ANU Solar Thermal Group. Both models are described and compared. A qualitative analysis is also included discussing the relative merits of each approach. Experimental results of the new dish are compared with a simulation, which is part of ongoing work by the authors. 3. Dish Systems at ANU
Deregulated Semantic Cognition Follows Prefrontal and Temporo-parietal Damage: Evidence from the Impact of Task Constraint on Nonverbal Object Use

Semantic cognition, which encompasses all conceptually based behavior, is dependent on the successful interaction of two key components: conceptual representations and regulatory control. Qualitatively distinct disorders of semantic knowledge follow damage to the different parts of this system. Previous studies have shown that patients with multimodal semantic impairment following CVA—a condition referred to as semantic aphasia (SA)—perform poorly on a range of conceptual tasks due to a failure of executive control following prefrontal and/or temporo-parietal infarction [Jefferies, E. , & Lambon Ralph, M. A. Semantic impairment in stroke aphasia versus semantic dementia: A case-series comparison. Brain, 129, 2132–2147, 2006]. Although a deficit of core semantic control would be expected to impair all modalities in parallel, most research exploring this condition has focused on tasks in the verbal domain. In a novel exploration of semantic control in the nonverbal domain, therefore, we assessed eight patients with SA on two experiments that examined object use knowledge under different levels of task constraint. Patients exhibited three key characteristics of semantic deregulation: (a) difficulty using conceptual knowledge flexibly to support the noncanonical uses of everyday objects; (b) poor inhibition of semantically related distractor items; and (c) improved object use with the provision of more tightly constraining task conditions following verbal and pictorial cues. Our findings are consistent with the notion that a neural network incorporating the left inferior prefrontal and temporo-parietal areas (damaged in SA) underpins regulation of semantic activation across both verbal and nonverbal modalities.
Power system optimization with an inertia study on the IEEE 30-bus test system

Inertia on the power system is an important issue for study and analysis. With the national movement to low inertia green energies, the lack of inertia on the power system could be a significant issue. The purpose of this paper is to include inertia in a power system optimization of the IEEE 30-bus system. The objective function of generation cost is minimized subject to constraints of active power generator limits, active power reserves, and system inertia. As generation is lost on the system, frequency drops. The early response of the system comes from the inertia on the system. With the replacement of large synchronous machines by renewable resources, which are often lower inertia units, the need to maintain a system inertia-constant (Hsys) becomes a necessary goal of power system planners and operators. For our IEEE 30 Bus System with 4 low inertia units, the proposed approach allows the system to maintain 59.7Hz or higher frequency for the loss of 0.0239pu of generation.
Sports Tourism: Participants, Policy and Providers

Part 1: Context 1. Tracing the Development of the Sport-Tourism Link 2. Contemporary Concepts, Issues and Research Part 2: Participants 3. Conceptualizing the Sports Tourism Experience 4. Sports Tourism Behaviours and the Trip Decision-Making Process 5. A Sports Tourism Participation Model Part 3: Policy 6. The Policy Context 7. Prospects for Integration Part 4: Providers 8. Sports Tourism Products 9. Provision Strategies Part 5: Case Studies 10. Sports Tourism as a Diversification Strategy in Malta 11. Urban Sports Tourism - The Case of Sheffield 12. Rural Sports Participation Tourism in Wales 13. Winter Skiing in the European Alps 14. Cycling Sports Tourism Epilogue
Distinct transcriptional changes in non-small cell lung cancer patients associated with multi-antigenic RNActive® CV9201 immunotherapy

ABSTRACT We recently completed a phase I/IIa trial of RNActive® CV9201, a novel mRNA-based therapeutic vaccine targeting five tumor-associated antigens in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The aim of the study presented here was to comprehensively analyze changes in peripheral blood during the vaccination period and to generate hypotheses facilitating the identification of potential biomarkers correlating with differential clinical outcomes post RNActive® immunotherapy. We performed whole-genome expression profiling in a subgroup of 22 stage IV NSCLC patients before and after initiation of treatment with CV9201. Utilizing an analytic approach based on blood transcriptional modules (BTMs), a previously described, sensitive tool for blood transcriptome data analysis, patients segregated into two major clusters based on transcriptional changes post RNActive® treatment. The first group of patients was characterized by the upregulation of an expression signature associated with myeloid cells and inflammation, whereas the other group exhibited an expression signature associated with T and NK cells. Patients with an enrichment of T and NK cell modules after treatment compared to baseline exhibited significantly longer progression-free and overall survival compared to patients with an upregulation of myeloid cell and inflammatory modules. Notably, these gene expression signatures were mutually exclusive and inversely correlated. Furthermore, our findings correlated with phenotypic data derived by flow cytometry as well as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Our study thus demonstrates non-overlapping, distinct transcriptional profiles correlating with survival warranting further validation for the development of biomarker candidates for mRNA-based immunotherapy.
Identification of Cellular Cofactors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication via a Ribozyme-Based Genomics Approach

ABSTRACT Ribozymes are small, catalytic RNA molecules that can be engineered to down-regulate gene expression by cleaving specific mRNA. Here we report the selection of hairpin ribozymes that inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication from a combinatorial ribozyme library. We identified a total of 17 effective ribozymes, each capable of inhibiting HIV infection of human CD4+ cells. These ribozymes target diverse steps of the viral replication cycle, ranging from entry to transcription. One ribozyme suppressed HIV integration and transcription by inhibiting the expression of the Ku80 subunit of the DNA-activated protein kinase. Another ribozyme specifically inhibited long terminal repeat transactivation, while two additional ones blocked a step that can be bypassed by vesicular stomatitis virus G-protein pseudotyping. The function of Ku80 in HIV replication and its mechanism of action were further confirmed using short interfering RNA. Identification of the gene targets of these and other selected ribozymes may reveal novel therapeutic targets for combating HIV infection.
Analysis of a Bloom Filter algorithm via the supermarket model

This paper deals with the problem of identifying elephants in the Internet Traffic. The aim is to analyze a new adaptive algorithm based on a Bloom Filter. This algorithm uses a so-called min-rule which can be described as in the supermarket model. This model consists of joining the shortest queue among d queues selected at random in a large number of m queues. In case of equality, one of the shortest queues is chosen at random. An analysis of a simplified model gives an insight into the error generated by the algorithm for the estimation of the number of the elephants. The main conclusion is that, as m gets large, there is a deterministic limit for the empirical distribution of the filter counters. Limit theorems are proved and the limit is identified. It depends on key parameters. The condition for the algorithm to perform well is discussed. Theoretical results are validated by experiments on a traffic trace from France Telecom and by simulations.
Similar Replicative Fitness Is Shared by the Subtype B and Unique BF Recombinant HIV-1 Isolates that Dominate the Epidemic in Argentina

The HIV-1 epidemic in South America is dominated by pure subtypes (mostly B and C) and more than 7 BF and BC recombinant forms. In Argentina, circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) comprised of subtypes B and F make up more than 50% of HIV infections. For this study, 28 HIV-1 primary isolates were obtained from patients in Buenos Aires, Argentina and initially classified into subtype B (n = 9, 32.1%), C (n = 1, 3.6%), and CRFs (n = 18, 64.3%) using partial pol and vpu-env sequences, which proved to be inconsistent and inaccurate for these phylogenetic analyses. Near full length genome sequences of these primary HIV-1 isolates revealed that nearly all intersubtype BF recombination sites were unique and countered previous “CRF” B/F classifications. The majority of these Argentinean HIV-1 isolates were CCR5-using but 4 had a dual/mixed tropism as predicted by both phenotypic and genotypic assays. Comparison of the replicative fitness of these BF primary HIV-1 isolates to circulating B, F, and C HIV-1 using pairwise competitions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) indicated a similarity in fitness of these BF recombinants to subtypes B and F HIV-1 (of the same co-receptor usage) whereas subtype C HIV-1 was significantly less fit than all as previously reported. These results suggest that the multitude of BF HIV-1 strains present within the Argentinean population do not appear to have gained replicative fitness following recent B and F recombination events.
Citation for Published Item: Use Policy Coupling of the Nucleus and Cytoplasm: Role of the Linc Complex

The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. he nuclear envelope defines the barrier between the nucleus and cytoplasm and features inner and outer membranes separated by a perinuclear space (PNS). The inner nuclear membrane contains specific integral proteins that include Sun1 and Sun2. Although the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum, it is nevertheless enriched in several integral membrane proteins, including nesprin 2 Giant (nesp2G), an 800-kD protein featuring an NH 2-terminal actin-binding domain. A recent study T shown that localization of nesp2G to the ONM is dependent upon an interaction with Sun1. In this study, we confirm and extend these results by demonstrating that both Sun1 and Sun2 contribute to nesp2G localization. Codepletion of both of these proteins in HeLa cells leads to the loss of ONM-associated nesp2G, as does overex-pression of the Sun1 lumenal domain. Both treatments result in the expansion of the PNS. These data, together with those of Padmakumar et al. (2005), support a model in which Sun proteins tether nesprins in the ONM via interactions spanning the PNS. In this way, Sun proteins and nesprins form a complex that links the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (the LINC complex).
Hyperbolic Harmonic Mapping for Constrained Brain Surface Registration

Automatic computation of surface correspondence via harmonic map is an active research field in computer vision, computer graphics and computational geometry. It may help document and understand physical and biological phenomena and also has broad applications in biometrics, medical imaging and motion capture. Although numerous studies have been devoted to harmonic map research, limited progress has been made to compute a diffeomorphic harmonic map on general topology surfaces with landmark constraints. This work conquer this problem by changing the Riemannian metric on the target surface to a hyperbolic metric, so that the harmonic mapping is guaranteed to be a diffeomorphism under landmark constraints. The computational algorithms are based on the Ricci flow method and the method is general and robust. We apply our algorithm to study constrained human brain surface registration problem. Experimental results demonstrate that, by changing the Riemannian metric, the registrations are always diffeomorphic, and achieve relative high performance when evaluated with some popular cortical surface registration evaluation standards.
Computer aided long bone fracture detection

We have developed a method of automatically detecting fractures in long bones. While bone fractures are a relatively common occurence, their presence can often be missed during x-ray diagnosis, resulting in ineffective patient management. Detection of fractures in long bones is an important orthopaedic and radiologic problem, so we propose a computer aided detection system to help reduce the miss rate. Our fracture detection algorithm consists of a number of steps. The first is extraction of edges from the x-ray image using a non-linear anisotropic diffusion method - the affine morphological scale space - that smoothes the image without losing critical information about the boundary locations within the image. The second is a modified Hough transform with automatic peak detection, which is used to determine parameters for the straight lines that best approximate the edges of the long bones. A composite of the magnitude and direction of the gradient is then created using the calculated line parameters. This allows abnormal regions, including fractures, to be highlighted. Experiments on a library of images show that this method consistently detects mid-shaft long bone fractures.
Detection of allergen specific immunoglobulins by microarrays coupled to microfluidics

Allergen microarrays are under development for a component‐resolved diagnosis of Type I (IgE‐mediated) allergies. Here we report an improved microarray coupled to microfluidics for the detection of allergen specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). The signal intensity for IgE detection in serum has been improved by using glass slides coated with a novel poly[DMA‐co‐NAS] brush copolymer which is able to immobilize allergens in their native conformation and by carrying out the incubation step in dynamic conditions. The assay, fully automated, was performed in a microcell, using a software‐controlled fluidic processor, to bring assay reagents on the surface of the array. Microfluidics turns the binding between serum immunoglobulins and immobilized allergens from a diffusion‐limited to a kinetic‐limited process by ensuring an efficient mixing of serum samples on the surface of the microarray. As a result of this, the binding of high affinity IgE antibodies is enhanced whereas that of low affinity IgG antibodies, which are present at higher concentration, is impaired paving the way to more accurate and sensitive results.
Computational motor control: feedback and accuracy

Speed/accuracy trade‐off is a ubiquitous phenomenon in motor behaviour, which has been ascribed to the presence of signal‐dependent noise (SDN) in motor commands. Although this explanation can provide a quantitative account of many aspects of motor variability, including Fitts' law, the fact that this law is frequently violated, e.g. during the acquisition of new motor skills, remains unexplained. Here, we describe a principled approach to the influence of noise on motor behaviour, in which motor variability results from the interplay between sensory and motor execution noises in an optimal feedback‐controlled system. In this framework, we first show that Fitts' law arises due to signal‐dependent motor noise (SDNm) when sensory (proprioceptive) noise is low, e.g. under visual feedback. Then we show that the terminal variability of non‐visually guided movement can be explained by the presence of signal‐dependent proprioceptive noise. Finally, we show that movement accuracy can be controlled by opposite changes in signal‐dependent sensory (SDNs) and SDNm, a phenomenon that could be ascribed to muscular co‐contraction. As the model also explains kinematics, kinetics, muscular and neural characteristics of reaching movements, it provides a unified framework to address motor variability.
Modified Newton's method applied to potential field-based navigation for nonholonomic robots in dynamic environments

SUMMARY This paper is to investigate inherent oscillations problems of potential field methods (PFMs) for nonholonomic robots in dynamic environments. In prior work, we proposed a modification of Newton's method to eliminate oscillations for omnidirectional robots in static environment. In this paper, we develop control laws for nonholonomic robots in dynamic environment using modifications of Newton's method. We have validated this technique in a multi-robot search-and-forage task. We found that the use of the modifications of Newton's method, which applies anywhere C2 continuous navigation functions are defined, can greatly reduce oscillations and speed up the robot's movement, when compared to the standard gradient approaches.