Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symbolic binding

The role ofthe scanpath in perception, especially in visual imagery experiments, raises questions regarding "the mind's eye" neurological representation. The structural, symbolic, and sequential bindings required to generate a scanpath are likely located in cortical modules with appropriate connections. The results of symbolic experiments, designed to study these connections, shed light on the top-down visual memory processes.
Broadband Ortho-Mode Transducer for high performance modular feed systems

A high performance broadband Ortho-Mode Transducer (OMT) design with more than 70% bandwidth is based on a novel branching concept with a two-fold symmetric structure. A symmetrical pair of ridge waveguides is facing the common branching region serving one polarization. The orthogonal polarization is coupled by a symmetrical pair of probes associated with coaxial interconnections. Folded Magic Tees are implemented for the re-combination of the semi signal portions of the ridge waveguides and the coaxial interconnections, respectively, to serve the complete signal at the dedicated interface ports. (To overcome the bandwidth limitation of rectangular waveguide solutions, tailored ridge waveguides have been established for the interfacing and internal waveguide interconnections.) This broadband OMT is foreseen as the key building block in a modular feed system approach employed for high capacity data transmission with large radio antennae. The measured characteristics validate the design concept with the required high performance properties that are necessary for these outstanding applications.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among community health workers involved in TB control.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, using tuberculin skin test, among community health agents (CHAs) monitoring TB patients in the city of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Brazil. METHODS We included 30 CHAs acting in the Family Health Program and 30 of their family members residing in the same household. The tuberculin skin test results of each CHA were compared with those of the corresponding family member. RESULTS Of the 30 CHAs, 27 (90.0%) were female, compared with 23 (76.7%) of the 30 family members (p = 0.299). The mean age of the CHA group and of the family member group was, respectively, 36.8 and 39.7 years. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups regarding the level of education. Regarding M. tuberculosis exposure, the same number of participants in the two groups reported having known or had contact with a TB patient (17 individuals; 56.7%). There was a statistically significant difference regarding positive tuberculin skin test results (26.7% in the CHA groupand 3.3% in the family member group; p = 0,011). CONCLUSIONS M. tuberculosis infection was significantly higher among CHAs than among their family members, fueling the debate on the occupational risk involved in the activities of these professionals.
The Dead Sea Scrolls: Retrospective and Prospective

The author traces the history of the involvement of the W. F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research (the American School of Oriental Research in Jerusalem) in the discovery, identification and publication of the scrolls from the Judaean Desert. The author sketches the "explosive" impact of the Dead Sea Scrolls for studying the text of the Hebrew Bible and looks to future directions of scholarship that should prove equally exciting.
Information Technology's Impacts on Productivity, Welfare and Social Change: Second Version

There has been a rapid increase in global expenditure on information technology and there is still much to learn about its effects on productivity, welfare and social change. At the macro-level, it has been estimated that Internet-related value accounts for as much as 7% of GDP of some OECD economies. As discussed, two basic methods have been used to estimate the contribution of ICT to the growth in GDP and labour productivity. Estimates of these vary considerably but it seems that the consensus is that ICT’s contribution is positive. However, whether it is increasing is disputed. Currently, GDP is expected by some economists to increase by about 1% for a 10% rise in ICT-capital. All industries have had added value as a result of the introduction of ICT but the overall aggregate effect is largest for the tertiary (service) sector. It is shown how the Internet can increase economic productivity (1) by reducing input costs and (2) raising allocative efficiency within enterprises. Other ways in which Internet access can increase economic welfare are via reduced market transaction costs and a decline in material and transport costs as well as by increasing the variety of available commodities. These aspects are analyzed and discussed critically. Attention is also given to the employment consequences of the use of ICT, associated health issues, and the impacts of ICT on social interaction and the environment. It is suggested that the use of the Internet for consumption may exceed it use for production. Additional matters touched on are the consequences for economic performance of ICT in education and research and in the health industry, as well as the comparative benefit of ICT to rural residents compared to city-dwellers. In conclusion, it is noted that not all IT depends on the Internet and that non-Internet IT has had little economic attention.
Cost of addiction in Europe

Substance use disorders (SUDs), i.e. alcohol, drug or nicotine dependence and abuse (DSM-IV) or harmful use (ICD-10) of these substances, have been linked to a considerable burden of disease in Europe in recent estimations by the World Health Organization (2002, 2003). The exact amount is hard to quantify, because quite often consequences of SUDs in a risk factor framework are not distinguished from consequences of substance use per se. For instance, lung cancer usually is related to tobacco smoking, and not to nicotine dependence (e.g. Ezzati et al., 2002). But it can be estimated that at least 10% of the overall burden of disease is attributable to SUDs (Rehm et al., 2005a, b). There are two major systems to categorize SUDs, ICD (currently version 10; World Health Organization, 1993); and the DSM (currently version IV; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Whereas the definitions converge for dependence, there are some differences between the concepts (DSM-IV). As for dependence, both systems include the notion of a syndrome, i.e. a cluster or pattern of symptoms, including compulsion or strong desire to use, impaired capacity to control, tolerance, withdrawal, preoccupation with the substance, where a great deal of time is spent on obtaining, using and trying to stop taking the substance; and continuation of use despite evidence of harmful consequences (World Health Organization, 1993; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). In additions DSM-IV specified negligence of social responsibilities as one criterion (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). In both systems, not all criteria have to be fulfilled in order to qualify for a diagnosis; three out of six for ICD, and four out of seven for DSM-IV are necessary, respectively. Harmful use and abuse of substances are conceptualized as potential precursors for dependence, with ICD stressing longstanding use despite health problems (World Health Organization, 1993), and DSM-IV stressing the recurrence of use despite alcohol-related social problems (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). However, both diagnoses – dependence and abuse – may also be assigned jointly. Often epidemiological studies and cost studies do use other definitions than the above, where it is not clear how they relate to the standard criteria listed above. Consequently, only studies with DSM-IV or ICD-10 are included in the epidemiological part, and for cost estimates, costs of addiction had to be separated from costs of use or abuse in wider definitions. As definitions of abuse or harmful use are not as comparable across cultures as studies on dependence (Rehm et al., 2005a, b), we decided to restrict ourselves to the latter.
A randomized field trial for the primary prevention of osteoporosis among adolescent females: Comparison of two methods, mother centered and daughter centered

Background: Osteoporosis is a serious public health. Since the majority of bone mass occurs during adolescence, primary prevention is important. Probably mother's participation in health education interventions leads to promote health behaviors in children. Aims: To assess a lifestyle modification intervention focused on mothers and students has an impact on osteoporosis preventive behaviors in adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: It is a randomized field trial in female high schools. 210 girls aged between 11 and 15 were randomly selected. Students in groups A and C and mothers in group B were selected Through the sampling frame. Our lifestyle modification was based on group based education in the public girls’ high schools. Subjects in the intervention groups participated in three educational sessions. Students’ osteoporosis preventive behaviors were measured by using a lifestyle questionnaire consisting of items assessing nutrition, physical activity and sun exposure. Repeated measure ANOVA at baseline, 4 week, 2 months and 6 months and were used to analyze the data. Results: After 1 month, diet and sun exposure scores increased significantly (P < 0.001) but it was higher in group B compared with group A. (About diet P < 0.001 and sun exposure = 0. 001). After 6 months, diet and sun exposure status in the group A approximately decreased to baseline, while in group B, diet components were significantly different compared to baseline (P < 0.001). There was no change in physical activity. Conclusion: Osteoporosis prevention intervention of adolescent can be effective when parents or girls participate in training sessions, but education is associated with better outcomes when focused on mothers.
Industrial Robot : An International Journal 3-D vision-assist guidance for robots or the visually impaired

Purpose – This study aims to propose a door detection method based on the door properties in both depth and gray-level images. It can further help blind people (or mobile robots) find the doorway to their destination. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed method uses the hierarchical point–line region principle with majority vote to encode the surface features pixel by pixel, and then dominant scene entities line by line, and finally the prioritized scene entities in the center, left and right of the observed scene. Findings – This approach is very robust for noise and random misclassification in pixel, line and region levels and provides sufficient information for the pathway in the front and on the left and right of a scene. The proposed robot vision-assist system can be worn by visually impaired people or mounted on mobile robots. It provides more complete information about the surrounding environment to guide safely and effectively the user to the destination. Originality/value – In this study, the proposed robot vision scheme provides detailed configurations of the environment encountered in daily life, including stairs (up and down), curbs/steps (up and down), obstacles, overheads, potholes/gutters, hazards and accessible ground. All these scene entities detected in the environment provide the blind people (or mobile robots) more complete information for better decision-making of their own. This paper also proposes, especially, a door detection method based on the door’s features in both depth and gray-level images. It can further help blind people find the doorway to their destination in an unfamiliar environment.
(6R,7R)-3-Hydroxymethyl-7-(2-phenylacetamido)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid lactone

In the title compound {systematic name: N-[(4R,5R)-3,11-dioxo-10-oxa-6-thia-2-azatricyclo[6.3. 0.02,5]undec-1(8)-en-4-yl]-2-phenylacetamide}, C16H14N2O4S, the four- and five-membered rings adopt planar conformations (with r.m.s. deviations of 0.0349 and 0.0108 Å respectively) while the six-membered ring adopts a half-chair, or envelope-like, conformation with the S atom in the flap position. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
A Framework for the Metamodeling of Multivariant Systems and Reactive Simulation Model Generation and Execution

The simulation-based study of Cyber-Physical Systems or complex production systems leads often to a vast amount of system variants. Each system variant is characterized by a particular model structure and parameter settings, although system variants may also share common parts. There are two main approaches for modeling such a set of system variants. On the one hand, all variants are mapped in a big model with variation points and on the other hand variants are specified on a higher level of abstraction using a metamodel that is processed with appropriate transformation methods. This paper proposes an approach for modeling system variants using the System Entity Structure (SES) Ontology. It introduces new concepts and advances the SES by a procedural knowledge specification. Moreover it proposes a sofware infrastructure for an automated and reactive generation and execution of simulation models based on a SES in combination with a model base. Finally it refers to a prototype implementation within MATLAB/Simulink and forward-looking within Python.
Pulmonary function in the newborn infant. I. Methods: ventilation and gaseous metabolism.

The arterial-alveolar tension gradient for CO2 has been investigated in 17 normal new born infants and in 15 with some degree of respiratory distress. Whereas the normal infants had virtually no Pco2 gradient from pulmonary capillary to alveolus, an average difference of 13.9 mm Hg was detected in sick infants. This gradient for Pco2 is caused by increased alveolar (and total physiological dead space, the relative amount of which closely parallels the clinical course of the disease. The data obtained indicate the increase in alveolar dead space to be largely due to poor perfusion of ventilated alveoli. In severely ill infants more than 60% of ventilated alveoli appear to be under-perfused.
Predicting Student Performance and Differences in Learning Styles Based on Textual Complexity Indices Applied on Blog and Microblog Posts: A Preliminary Study

Social media tools are increasingly popular in Computer Supported Collaborative Learning and the analysis of students' contributions on these tools is an emerging research direction. Previous studies have mainly focused on examining quantitative behavior indicators on social media tools. In contrast, the approach proposed in this paper relies on the actual content analysis of each student's contributions in a learning environment. More specifically, in this study, textual complexity analysis is applied to investigate how student's writing style on social media tools can be used to predict their academic performance and their learning style. Multiple textual complexity indices are used for analyzing the blog and microblog posts of 27 students engaged in a project-based learning activity. The preliminary results of this pilot study are encouraging, with several indexes predictive of student grades and/or learning styles.
A Mechanism for Configurable Network Service Chaining and Its Implementation

Recently Service Function Chaining (SFC) is promising to innovate the network service mode in modern networks. However, a feasible implementation of SFC is still difficult due to the need to achieve functional equivalence with traditional modes without sacrificing performance or increasing network complexity. In this paper, we present a configurable network service chaining (CNSC) mechanism to provide services for network traffics in a flexible and optimal way. Firstly, we formulate the problem of network service chaining and design an effective service chain construction framework based on integrating software-defined networking (SDN) with network functions virtualization (NFV). Then, we model the service path computation problem as an integer liner optimization problem and propose an algorithm named SPCM to cooperatively combine service function instances with a network utility maximum policy. In the procedure of SPCM, we achieve the service node mapping by defining a service capacity matrix for substrate nodes, and work out the optimal link mapping policies with segment routing. Finally, the simulation results indicate that the average request acceptance ratio and resources utilization ratio can reach above 85% and 75% by our SPCM algorithm, respectively. Upon the prototype system, it is demonstrated that CNSC outperforms other approaches and can provide flexible and scalable network services.
Genome-Wide Patterns of Recombination in the Opportunistic Human Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant cause of acute nosocomial infections as well as chronic respiratory infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Recent reports of the intercontinental spread of a CF-specific epidemic strain, combined with high intrinsic levels of antibiotic resistance, have made this opportunistic pathogen an important public health concern. Strain-specific differences correlate with variation in clinical outcomes of infected CF patients, increasing the urgency to understand the evolutionary origin of genetic factors conferring important phenotypes that enable infection, virulence, or resistance. Here, we describe the genome-wide patterns of homologous and nonhomologous recombination in P. aeruginosa, and the extent to which the genomes are affected by these diversity-generating processes. Based on whole-genome sequence data from 32 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, we examined the rate and distribution of recombination along the genome, and its effect on the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships. Multiple lines of evidence suggested that recombination was common and usually involves short stretches of DNA (200–300 bp). Although mutation was the main source of nucleotide diversity, the import of polymorphisms by homologous recombination contributed nearly as much. We also identified the genomic regions with frequent recombination, and the specific sequences of recombinant origin within epidemic strains. The functional characteristics of the genes contained therein were examined for potential associations with a pathogenic lifestyle or adaptation to the CF lung environment. A common link between many of the high-recombination genes was their functional affiliation with the cell wall, suggesting that the products of recombination may be maintained by selection for variation in cell-surface molecules that allows for evasion of the host immune system.
Correlation Coding of Neural Ensemble for APV Effect on Rat Memory

Temporal correlation between spike trains of different neurons organizes a functional neural ensemble, which encodes information in memory processing. In this paper, simultaneous multi-site neural ensemble recording was used to investigate firing patterns under different memory condition. APV was injected into rat's anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to break up memory function in anesthesia condition, two temporal correlation coding methods: UP-DOWN coding and Pearson correlation method were used to express different firing patterns of rats ACC multiunit before and after APV injection. The result showed that UP state counts decreased with shorter UP duration and population correlation of neural ensemble decreased with the injection of APV. Both of the coding methods revealed the relationship between temporal correlation in a neural ensemble and different memory conditions, provided a support to explore the mechanism of synaptic plasticity of memory.
Scoring methods for normalized kernels for multi-level speaker verification

In this article the text-independent speaker verification problem is considered. In the presented system each conversation side is represented as a vector lying on the unit hypersphere. These vectors are compared by an inner product which produces similarity scores. In this article classical score normalization methods (z-norm and t-norm) are analyzed and compared with the support vector machines (SVMs). Next, the simplified support vector machine algorithm is proposed with the advantage of speed. All presented methods are experimentally evaluated as a part of the multi-level speaker verification system.
Enhancing Operation Security using Secret Sharing

Storing highly confidential data and carrying out security-related operations are crucial to many systems. Starting from an industrial use case we propose a generic architecture based on secret sharing which address critical operation authorization. By comparing and benchmarking different scheme from the literature we analyze the different trade-offs (security, functionality, performance) which can be achieved. Finally by providing an open source . NET implementation of several secret sharing schemes, this paper aims to rise awareness regarding the capabilities of such algorithms to increase security in industrial setting.
EMI reducing solution by modify EBG structure for stacked packaging

In this paper, we investigated the Electromagnetic Bandgap structure (EBG) is embedded in a multi-layer board to mitigate EMI in an adjacent board. The design of the new EBG structure proposed here relies on the modification of thin lines and patches. The thin lines serve to provide the equivalent inductances. Simulation results can suppress any frequency band noise effectively.
Store-operated Cation Entry Mediated by CD20 in Membrane Rafts*

B cell activation requires sustained elevation of cytoplasmic free calcium, achieved by influx through store-operated calcium (SOC) channels. The molecular identity of these channels is not known. Ectopic expression of the raft-associated tetraspan protein CD20 in Chinese hamster ovary cells introduced a novel SOC entry pathway that was permeable to strontium as well as to calcium. The activity of this SOC pathway was abolished by deletion of a cytoplasmic sequence in CD20 essential for its efficient raft localization. Strontium-permeable SOC channels were detected in B cells, and B cell receptor-stimulated influx was significantly reduced by downregulation of CD20 expression using short interfering RNA and also by cholesterol depletion. This is the first evidence that raft-associated CD20 constitutes a component of a SOC entry pathway activated by the B cell receptor.
Conditional Random Fields for Contextual Human Motion Recognition

We present algorithms for recognizing human motion in monocular video sequences, based on discriminative conditional random field (CRF) and maximum entropy Markov models (MEMM). Existing approaches to this problem typically use generative (joint) structures like the hidden Markov model (HMM). Therefore they have to make simplifying, often unrealistic assumptions on the conditional independence of observations given the motion class labels and cannot accommodate overlapping features or long term contextual dependencies in the observation sequence. In contrast, conditional models like the CRFs seamlessly represent contextual dependencies, support efficient, exact inference using dynamic programming, and their parameters can be trained using convex optimization. We introduce conditional graphical models as complementary tools for human motion recognition and present an extensive set of experiments that show how these typically outperform HMMs in classifying not only diverse human activities like walking, jumping. running, picking or dancing, but also for discriminating among subtle motion styles like normal walk and wander walk