Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications

This memorandum describes RTP, the real-time transport protocol. RTP provides end-to-end network transport functions suitable for applications transmitting real-time data, such as audio, video or simulation data, over multicast or unicast network services. RTP does not address resource reservation and does not guarantee quality-ofservice for real-time services. The data transport is augmented by a control protocol (RTCP) to allow monitoring of the data delivery in a manner scalable to large multicast networks, and to provide minimal control and identification functionality. RTP and RTCP are designed to be independent of the underlying transport and network layers. The protocol supports the use of RTP-level translators and mixers.
Organic Rankine Cycle for Vehicles: Control Design and Experimental Results

The system considered here is an organic Rankine cycle for recovering waste heat from a heavy-duty diesel engine. Because of the highly transient conditions these systems are subject to, control plays a fundamental role to enable the viability and efficiency of those systems. In this context, this paper investigates the problem of control design for superheating (SH) and pressure at evaporator outlet. Based on a moving boundary heat exchanger model, a first controller, which consists of a dynamic feedforward combined to a gain-scheduled PID, is implemented on the pump speed to maintain the SH close to the set-point value. Experimental results illustrate the enhanced performance in terms of disturbance rejection. Then, a second controller based on nonlinear state estimation is proposed. This is a nonlinear feedback law, which allows to adjust the evaporating pressure to time-varying demand with a good accuracy.
Detrended-Fluctuation-Analysis (DFA) and High-Frequency-Oscillation (HFO) Coefficients and Their Relationship to Epileptic Seizures

We tested the applicability of methods based on Detrended Fluctuation Analysis and HFO detection to the analysis of EEG signals from patients diagnosed with epilepsy, in order to test how efficient these methods would behave in a seizure prediction application. We were able to statistically distinguish the coefficients estimated in the pre-ictal period from the coefficients obtained on the inter-ictal period, suggesting that the methods can be used to the development of seizure detection algorithms.
Pakistan’s Electricity Demand Analysis 1975-2016

The problem of energy is one that has plagued the economic growth of Pakistan for decades; the resulting domestic pressure has often led to the misallocation of resources, and therefore should be studied extensively for evidence based policy recommendation. The study in hand aims to envelope and analyze approximate factors responsible for determining electricity demand in the country. The study analyzes the aggregate demand for electricity in Pakistan from 1975-2016, by considering log-run climatic variable affecting electricity demand. The ADF, the Johansen Cointegration, and the ARDL techniques have been applied for the estimation of parameters and analysis. The scientific analysis found that in the short run and long run number of consumers, income (real GDP per capita) square of income and stock of appliances have a significant relationship with the demand of electricity. Where all significant relationships in the long run have a positive relationship with the demand apart from the square of income which may suggest a shift towards alternate means of energy production with a long term sustained growth in income. While, price is found to be insignificant determinant of electricity demand in both short run and long run, which reveals that electricity is considered a necessity by Pakistan’s electricity consumers. In the short run number of consumers, income, squared income, and stock of appliances, all have significant positive relationships with demand, and temperature has an insignificant positive relationship in the short run, but a significant positive relationship in the long run.
Depressive Symptoms, Ethnic Identity, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Obese Youth.

OBJECTIVE Examine relations between depressive symptoms, ethnic identity, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in overweight or obese (OV/OB) children. METHODS A total of 166 OV/OB 8- to 17-year-olds (M = 12.94 years; 86.7% obese; 50.6% racial/ethnic minority) attending an outpatient pediatric obesity medical clinic participated. Children completed the Children's Depression Inventory-Short Form, Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. RESULTS Increased depressive symptoms significantly predicted reduced total, physical, and psychosocial HRQOL. For minority OV/OB youth only, MEIM Affirmation/Belonging moderated depressive symptoms and total HRQOL (effect = -2.59, t = -2.24, p = .027; R(2) overall model = 0.315) and depressive symptoms and psychosocial HRQOL (effect = -3.01, t = -2.47, p = .015; R(2) overall model = 0.331). CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms are negatively associated with HRQOL. In minority OV/OB youth, high ethnic identity may be protective when depressive symptoms are minimal. Ethnic identity and other cultural factors are important to consider in psychosocial treatments for pediatric obesity.
Chaotic Response in Robot Joint Mechanism Due to Backlash Component

Estimation of modal parameters of mechanical structures is usually carried out by utilising the Frequency Response Function (FRF) for linear systems, skeleton identification such as Hilbert transform, or describing function method for nonlinear systems. However, these techniques could be applied only when the output of a system is periodic for a periodic input. However, under certain excitation conditions in nonlinear systems, chaotic behaviour might occur so that the response is aperiodic. In that case, chaos quantification techniques, such as Lyapunov exponent, are proposed in the literature. For experimental validation of this phenomenon, a robot joint mechanism developed at KULeuven/PMA was used. In this setup, backlash was introduced in the connection of the harmonic drive to the shaft. Chaotic response, which appears under certain excitation conditions and could be used as backlash signature, is dealt with both by a simulation study and by experimental signal analysis after application of appropriate filtration techniques.
Etch Behavior of ALD Al2O3 on HfSiO and HfSiON Stacks in Acidic and Basic Etchants

For the integration of advance gate stacks, selective wet etching of an Al2O3 capping layer on top of high-k dielectrics was studied. From the fundamental etch study on the single-layer Al2O3, HfSiO and HfSiON thin films were prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Using the etch rate information of each single layer, several optimized etch conditions in acidic and basic etchants including H3PO4, NH4OH, and TMAH resulted in wet etch selectivities of Al2O3 to high-k materials higher than 50:1. As a result, the Al2O3 capping layer on Si/SiO2/high-k multi-layer gate stack could be completely removed without thinning of the underlying high-k thin films. Finally, the etch mechanisms of Al2O3 in acidic and basic etchants were studied and the etch rates of Al2O3 were determined as functions of [Hþ] and [OH ]. VC 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3554729] All rights reserved.
Networking Partner Selection and Its Impact on the Perceived Success of Collaboration

Scholars emphasize networks as a new agenda or a necessary tool for solving public problems, but have given little attention to the critical question of how networking partners are selected and activated. This study proposes four possible scenarios for the selection of networking partners based on intention to network with a potential partner and activation of networking with that partner. The results show that activated networking initially intended by the partner brings the highest collaboration performance, while activated networking initially intended by the focal actor results in the second-highest outcome. In the real world, however, networking is less likely to be proposed and initiated by the partner; so, the expected outcome may be lower than in the other case. The study suggests that public managers need to strategically find beneficial partner candidates and actively network with them.
Tablet learning and its perceived usage at a higher education institute in Fiji

Tremendous growth and successful integration of mobile devices to the education landscape have fueled the birth of mobile learning (mLearning). Recently, making a niche of its own, the concept of Tablet Learning has become a new educational paradigm for higher educational institutes making learning more flexible and accessible to the distance learners. However, the perceived usage of tablet devices in education is still a concern especially in the Pacific region. This study investigates the perceived usage of tablets in a blended course from a higher education institute in Fiji. A study with a sample of 33 students who were voluntarily part ofthe study was carried out for a period of 5 weeks. The results of the study revealed that students perceived tablet learning devices to be an effective and innovative learning tool. This paper also provides recommendations on how mobile learning in Fiji can be encouraged and expanded in the future.
Sustainable Kalman Filteing of Nonlinear Population Dynamics with Applications to GPS Residual Evaluation

Being intended for in situ adaptation of self-location processes by using GPS, a mathematical model of pointing residual is considered from the view point of electro-chemical complexity in the ionosphere. The model is implemented by sustainable Kalman filter generating admissible estimate under noisy observations. Guided by the Volterra's principle, the estimatable model is adapted to observed positioning residual. Through experimental studies, adaptation scheme was verified to restore ionospheric term of positioning residual
From CMP to CRS-An Overview of Stacking Techniques of Seismic Data

Stacking procedures with the objective of improvement of signal to noise ratio were in use before the introduction of Common reflection point stacking introduced by Mayne in 1962. But, these techniques were problematic, at times, because they used reflections from a portion of reflectors that were too large. Hence, stacking tends to obscure the very detail of reflector which is being sought. Sorting to CMP gather and their stacking after normal moveout correction was devised by Mayne and provided a practical means of increasing multiplicity without losing the detail of the reflector. Mayne quantified the average enhancement of signal to noise ratio and showed that it is proportional to the square root of the number of signals. CMP stacking is a robust enough to handle seismic data from many different part of the world and provide reasonable good image. However, it assumes stratified earth in applying normal moveout correction and that the CMP stack is equivalent to a zero offset section. Dipping events and in regions of complex geology these assumptions are not valid and conventional processing has difficulty in delineating steeply dipping events. For a planar dipping reflector below a homogeneous overburden, reflection point dispersal take place which is also called reflection point smear. The data of a single CMP gather no longer belong to one and the same reflection point and their stacking produces degraded image. The application of dip move out (DMO) correction to the data removes the smearing and corrected CMP gather contains only reflections from a single point. However, as soon as the reflector becomes curved or the medium above the reflector is not homogeneous, the DMO correction is not exact. A residual reflection point smear will remain even after this correction. Pre-stack depth migration is carried out to correct this residual and also positioning the reflector at correct position. A number other techniques like application of higher order NMO correction and anisotropic pre-stack migration was introduced in processing to get reliable sub-surface image and improve S/N ratio. Recent developments in stacking methods include common reflection surface (CRS) stack which uses far more traces than those present in a CMP stack which leads to a better signal to noise ratio and continuity of the reflector in CRS stack. The CRS technique uses larger stacking surfaces rather than relaying on a single CMP stack location in conventional stacking processes. This leads to a larger stacking fold and results in the improvement in resolution in time and depth domain.
Construction des profils utilisateurs à base d'une ontologie pour une recherche d'information personnalisée

La recherche d'information (RI) personnalisee tend principalement a modeliser l'utilisateur selon un profil puis a l'integrer dans la chaine d'acces a l'information, afin de mieux repondre a ses besoins specifiques. Ce papier presente une extension d'une approche de construction implicite du profil utilisateur precedemment developpee ou les centres d'interets sont representes a base de termes ponderes. L'extension de cette approche permet d'obtenir une representation semantique de ces centres a base de concepts ponderes en utilisant l'ontologie de l'ODP. Nous avons evalue notre approche sur la collection de documents TREC et avons presente quelques resultats experimentaux mettant en evidence l'impact de l'integration du profil utilisateur sur la performance du systeme.
Hydrogen molecules and chains in a superstrong magnetic field.

We study the electronic structures of hydrogen polymolecules H{sub {ital n}} ({ital n}=2,3,4,. . .) in a superstrong magnetic field ({ital B}{approx gt}10{sup 12} G) typically found on the surface of a neutron star. Simple analytical scaling relations for several limiting cases (e.g., large {ital n}, high {ital B} field) are derived. We numerically calculate the binding energies of H{sub {ital n}} molecules for various magnetic-field strengths. For {ital n}=2,3,4 we employ a Hartree-Fock method to determine the ground-state structure of the molecule in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. For {ital n}={infinity} (a bound infinite chain) we use a variational method. For a given magnetic-field strength, the binding energy per atom in the H{sub {ital n}} molecule is found to approach a constant value as {ital n} increases. For typical field strengths of interest, energy saturation is essentially achieved once {ital n} exceeds 3 to 4. We also consider the structure of negative H ions in a high magnetic field. For {ital B}{similar to}10{sup 12} G the dissociation energy of an atom in a hydrogen chain and the ionization potential of H{sup {minus}} are smaller than the ionization potential of neutral atomic hydrogen.
Total Ion Spectra versus Segmented Total Ion Spectra as Preprocessing Tools for Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry Data

Alignment of fire debris data from GC‐MS for chemometric analysis is challenged by highly variable, uncontrolled sample and matrix composition. The total ion spectrum (TIS) obviates the need for alignment but loses all separation information. We introduce the segmented total ion spectrum (STIS), which retains the advantages of TIS while retaining some retention information. We compare the performance of STIS with TIS for the classification of casework fire debris samples. TIS and STIS achieve good model prediction accuracies of 96% and 98%, respectively. Baseline removal improved model prediction accuracies for both TIS and STIS to 97% and 99%, respectively. The importance of maintaining some chromatographic information to aid in deciphering the underlying chemistry of the results and reasons for false positive/negative results was also examined.
Design, Development & Evaluation of a Prototype Tracked Mobile Robot for Difficult Terrain

This paper reports the design, development andevaluation of a prototype tracked mobile robot for task executionin both natural and human-made environments with stairclimbing feature. First, different types of locomotion systems usedfor mobile robots are compared and their pros and cons arepresented. Then the mechanism designed for the prototypetracked mobile robot is described with the aid of a CAD model.Finally, the results of field testing of the actual robot are presentedand the behavior of tracked mobile robots in presence of slippageis discussed.
An Extension of MAC Protocol for Mobility Detection and Efficient Data Transmission

This paper introduces an extension of MAC protocol for mobility detection of nodes and efficient data transmission in mobile, multihop wireless sensor network. Here for mobility detection, receiving power of the node is consider by the transmitting node. If gradual degradation in communication link does due to degradation in receiving power, it initiates the switchover of link via the relay node for efficient data transmission. Our present implementation is done by extending the energy efficient IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol because most commonly used standard is IEEE 802.11 in sensor networks consist of small, inexpensive, resource constrained devices that communicate wirelessly in a multihop network. Here the paper shows the performance of extended MAC protocol in terms of average throughput, packet loss and average delay by varied the parameters like mobility of node and size of the packet. General Terms Mobility, Switchover, MAC protocol, Wireless sensor network
Nerve growth factor prevents 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐induced cell death via the Akt pathway by suppressing caspase‐3‐like activity using PC12 cells: Relevance to therapeutical application for parkinson's disease

Nerve growth factor (NGF) mediates a variety of nerve cell actions through receptor tyrosine kinase TrkA. It has been revealed that the Akt pathway contributes to the prevention of apoptosis. It is thought that Parkinson's disease involves apoptosis, and NGF prevents apoptosis in an in vivo model system. However, there is no evidence that the Akt pathway helps to prevent parkinsonism. Here, we report that NGF prevents apoptosis induced by 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in PC12 cells as an in vitro model system of parkinsonism and that this survival effect diminishes on addition of LY294002, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that 1 mM MPTP‐treated cells or dominant negative Akt‐expressing cells, to which were added NGF and MPTP, undergo apoptosis. Moreover, the caspase‐3‐like activity is increased by addition of MPTP or MPTP with NGF and LY294002. The importance of another signal pathway is shown by PD98059, a specific inhibitor of MAP kinase (MAPK) kinase, but PD98059 does not alter the survival effect in this model system. These results indicate that the Akt pathway helps to prevent parkinsonism by suppressing caspase‐3‐like activity, but the MAPK pathway is not involved in the NGF‐dependent survival enhancing effect in this model system. J. Neurosci. Res. 63:402–409, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fault tolerant control of an offshore wind turbine model via identified fuzzy prototypes

In order to improve the safety, the reliability, the efficiency, and the sustainability of offshore wind turbine installations, thus avoiding expensive unplanned maintenance, the accommodation of faults in their earlier occurrence is fundamental. Therefore, the main contribution of this work consists of the development of a fault accommodation scheme applied to the control of a wind turbine nonlinear model. In particular, a data-driven strategy relying on fuzzy models is exploited to build the fault tolerant control scheme. Fuzzy theory is exploited here since it allows to approximate easily the unknown nonlinear model and manage uncertain data. Moreover, the fuzzy prototypes, which are directly identified from the wind turbine measurements, provide the reconstruction of the considered faults, thus leading to the direct design of the fault tolerant control module. In general, the nonlinearity of wind turbine system could generate complex analytic solutions. This aspect of the work, followed by the simpler strategy relying on fuzzy prototypes, represents the key point when on-line implementations are considered for a viable application of the proposed methodology. A realistic offshore wind turbine simulator is used to validate the achieved performances of the suggested methodology. Finally, comparisons with different fault tolerant control methods serve to highlight the advantages of the suggested approach.
The need for knowledge management for service innovation

The world is fast moving from a productionbased economy toward a knowledge-based one. As a result organizations are becoming more knowledge-intensive and are increasingly dependent on innovative knowledge to create value. Therefore, the question of how activities should be organized in order to generate and exploit new forms of knowledge is a very important one. Thus, the main objective of this research is to explore practice based innovation in service sector organizations. Building on qualitative data from knowledge intensive business sector , analysis identified three work activities through which knowledge for innovation is generated, shows how they constitute a common ground for knowledge creation and redefines practice as a coherent frame for these activities. Further it explains how conventional organizing destroys this knowledge. In addition to the main contributions, this research identified key influencing factors for innovation in Sri Lankan service sector organizations. The study therefore provides both an empirical contribution to the emerging work on service innovation on the condition of knowledge intensiveness, and by extending a theory grounding on the existence and role of practice based knowledge.
Contribution of microtubule growth polarity and flux to spindle assembly and functioning in plant cells

The spindle occupies a central position in cell division as it builds up the chromosome-separating machine. Here we analysed the dynamics of spindle formation in acentrosomal plant cells by visualizing microtubules labelled with GFP-EB1, GFP-MAP4 and GFP-α-tubulin and chromosomes marked by the vital dye SYTO82. During prophase, few microtubules penetrate the nuclear area, followed by nuclear envelope disintegration. During prometaphase, microtubules invading the nuclear space develop a spindle axis from few bipolar microtubule bundles, which is followed by spindle assembly. Using a novel quantitative kymograph analysis based on Fourier transformation, we measured the microtubule growth trajectories of the entire dynamic metaphase spindle. Microtubules initiating from spindle poles either pass through the metaphase plate to form interpolar microtubule bundles or grow until they reach chromosomes. We also noticed a minor fraction of microtubules growing away from the chromosomes. Microtubules grow at 10 μm/minute both at the spindle equator and at the spindle poles. Photobleached marks created on metaphase and anaphase spindles revealed a poleward tubulin flux. During anaphase, the velocity of tubulin flux (2 μm/minute) equals the speed of chromatid-separation. With these findings we identified spatially coordinated microtubule growth dynamics and microtubule flux-based chromosome-separation as important facets of plant spindle operation.