Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pruning Adaptive Boosting *** Icml-97 Final Draft ***

The boosting algorithm AdaBoost de veloped by Freund and Schapire has ex hibited outstanding performance on sev eral benchmark problems when using C as the weak algorithm to be boosted Like other ensemble learning approaches AdaBoost constructs a composite hy pothesis by voting many individual hy potheses In practice the large amount of memory required to store these hypotheses can make ensemble methods hard to deploy in applications This paper shows that by selecting a subset of the hypotheses it is possible to obtain nearly the same levels of performance as the entire set The results also provide some insight into the behavior of AdaBoost
Infrasonic detection of a Leonid bolide: 1998 November 17

Abstract— During the early morning hours of the night of the peak of the annual Leonid meteor shower on 1998 November 17, a bright fireball (approximately −12 to −14 visual magnitude at 100 km in the zenith) was observed over northern New Mexico with visual sightings as far away from Los Alamos as Albuquerque (∼150 km to the south of Los Alamos), including direct persistent trail observations at the U. S. A. F. Starfire Optical Range (SOR), which is also near Albuqerque. This event did not produce any sonic boom reports, presumably because of its high altitude. It was also detected locally by an infrared radiometer at Sandia National Laboratory and by an intensified charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera located in Placitas, New Mexico. Subsequent investigations of the data from the six infrasound arrays used by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and operated for the Department of Energy as a part of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) Research and Development program for the International Monitoring System (IMS) showed the presence of an infrasonic signal from the proper direction at the correct time for this bolide from two of our six arrays (both located in Los Alamos). The infrasound recordings (i.e., the wave amplitude and period data) indicated that an explosion occurred in the atmosphere at a source height of ∼93.5 km (with respect to sea level) or ∼90 km with respect to the altitude of Los Alamos, having its origins slightly to the north and west of Los Alamos. Purely geometric solutions from the ground observers reports combined with direct measurements from the CCD camera at Placitas produced a source height of 91 ± 7 km. The signal characteristics analyzed from 0.5 to 3.0 Hz include a total duration of about 3–4 s for a source directed from Los Alamos toward 353.6 ± 0.4° measured from true north at a maximum elevation arrival angle of ∼72.7°. The latter was deduced on the basis of the observed signal trace velocities (for the part of the recording with the highest cross‐correlation) and ranged from a constant value of about 920–1150 m/s (depending on the window length used in the analysis) for a ray trajectory along a direct refractive path between the source and the Los Alamos arrays. The dominant signal frequency at maximum amplitude at Los Alamos was ∼0.71 Hz. These highly correlated signals had a peak to peak, maximum amplitude of ∼2.1 microbars (0.21 Pa). Using several methods that incorporate various observed signal characteristics, total distance traveled, etc., our analysis indicates that the bolide probably had a source energy of ∼1.14 t (TNT equivalent) or 4.77 × 109 J. This is ∼14.1× smaller than the source energy estimate made using the infrasonic, empirical source energy relationship for low‐altitude stationary point sources developed in the 1960s by the Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC), Patrick Air Force Base, Florida. This relation was originally developed, however, for much larger source energies and at much longer ranges.
ptimal control of a laboratory binary distillation column via egionless explicit MPC

This paper shows how to construct and implement explicit MPC feedback laws for systems with a large number of states. Specifically, the construction of critical regions of the explicit MPC solution is replaced by a two-step procedure. First, all optimal active sets are enumerated off-line and corresponding KKT matrices are pre-factored. Then, in the on-line step, the optimal control inputs are identified by checking primal and dual feasibility conditions using the pre-factored data. The feasibility and performance of the
Near-Bayesian exploration in polynomial time

We consider the exploration/exploitation problem in reinforcement learning (RL). The Bayesian approach to model-based RL offers an elegant solution to this problem, by considering a distribution over possible models and acting to maximize expected reward; unfortunately, the Bayesian solution is intractable for all but very restricted cases. In this paper we present a simple algorithm, and prove that with high probability it is able to perform ε-close to the true (intractable) optimal Bayesian policy after some small (polynomial in quantities describing the system) number of time steps. The algorithm and analysis are motivated by the so-called PAC-MDP approach, and extend such results into the setting of Bayesian RL. In this setting, we show that we can achieve lower sample complexity bounds than existing algorithms, while using an exploration strategy that is much greedier than the (extremely cautious) exploration of PAC-MDP algorithms.
Easily Adding Sound Output to Interfaces

Adding sound output to interfaces is a very difficult task with today’s toolkits, even though there are many situations in which it would be useful and effective. We have designed an architecture that makes it very easy to add sound output to an interface. Any interaction behavior, animation, or command can be augmented with sounds to occur at the beginning or end, or for the duration. Parameters of the sound, such as the speed or volume can be easily tied to properties of the data using constraints. Two different sound objects are currently supplied: one for playing recorded sounds, and the other for text-to-speech. The text-to-speech sound object can be used to quickly build various kinds of screen readers. Easy-to-use mechanisms give the programmer complete control over interrupting and pre-empting when multiple sounds are played at the same time. Because sound output can be added to an existing application with as little as a single extra line of code, we expect that this new mechanism will make it easy for researchers and developers to investigate the use of sound in a wide variety of applications.
Edit disfluency detection and correction using a cleanup language model and an alignment model

This investigation presents a novel approach to detecting and correcting the edit disfluency in spontaneous speech. Hypothesis testing using acoustic features is first adopted to detect potential interruption points (IPs) in the input speech. The word order of the cleanup utterance is then cleaned up based on the potential IPs using a class-based cleanup language model, the deletable region and the correction are aligned using an alignment model. Finally, log linear weighting is applied to optimize the performance. Using the acoustic features, the IP detection rate is significantly improved especially in recall rate. Based on the positions of the potential IPs, the cleanup language model and the alignment model are able to detect and correct the edit disfluency efficiently. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach has achieved error rates of 0.33 and 0.21 for IP detection and edit word deletion, respectively
Single snapshot joint estimation of angles and times of arrival: A 2D Matrix Pencil approach

Two algorithms for the problem of joint angles and delays of arrival (JADE) of multiple paths are presented. The algorithms are based on a generalisation of the Matrix Pencil algorithm to the two dimensional case, i.e. 2D Matrix Pencils. Matrix pencil algorithms offer estimation of signal parameters, i.e. angles of arrival (AoA) or times of arrival (ToA), of multiple sources using a single snapshot. We focus on a scenario, where the OFDM symbol is transmitted in a rich multipath channel, which is the case of an indoor environment, and received through multiple antennas. The first algorithm seems more interesting than the second one, since it's motivated from an idea that most Wi-Fi systems use a large number of subcarriers compared to the number of antennas. Simulation results demonstrate the potential of the first algorithm and its performance as a function of Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR).
Gleaner: Mitigating the Blocked-Waiter Wakeup Problem for Virtualized Multicore Applications

As the number of cores in a multicore node increases in accordance with Moore's law, the question arises as to what are the costs of virtualized environments when scaling applications to take advantage of larger core counts. While a widely-known cost due to preempted spinlock holders has been extensively studied, this paper studies another cost, which has received little attention. The cost is caused by the intervention from the VMM during synchronization-induced idling in the application, guest OS, or supporting libraries--we call this the blocked-waiter wakeup (BWW) problem. The paper systematically analyzes the cause of the BWW problem and studies its performance issues, including increased execution times, reduced system throughput, and performance unpredictability. To deal with these issues, the paper proposes a solution, Gleaner, which integrates idling operations and imbalanced scheduling as a mitigation to this problem. We show how Gleaner can be implemented without intrusive modification to the guest OS. Extensive experiments show that Gleaner can effectively reduce the virtualization cost incurred by blocking synchronization and improve the performance of individual applications by 16x and system throughput by 3x.
Spatial prediction of vegetation quantities using ground and image data

A major challenge in Earth system studies is mapping vegetation quantities over large regions. Aspatial regression is typically the empirical method applied to remotely sensed and ground data for the spatial prediction of vegetation variables. Geostatistical methods, such as cokriging and stochastic simulation, have rarely been used for this purpose. A synthetic example was constructed from imaging spectrometer data to allow an objective comparison between regression, cokriging and a new stochastic simulation method. A range of linear relations between ground sample data and image data was represented in the example. The lowest root-mean-square-error was achieved with cokriging until the correlation coefficient (r) between direct and ancillary data exceeded 0.89, at which point regression was the more accurate predictor. Probability-field simulation gave a range of possible realizations, overall less accurate than those from regression but more faithful to the histogram and spatial pattern of the variable.
The effect of allopurinol administration on mitochondrial respiration and gene expression of xanthine oxidoreductase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and inflammatory cytokines in selected tissues of broiler chickens.

Birds have a remarkable longevity for their body size despite an increased body temperature, higher metabolic rate, and increased blood glucose concentrations compared to most mammals. As the end-product of purine degradation, uric acid (UA) is generated in the xanthine/hypoxanthine reactions catalyzed by xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). In the first study, Cobb × Cobb broilers (n = 12; 4 weeks old) were separated into 2 treatments (n = 6); control (CON) and allopurinol (AL) 35 mg/kg BW (ALLO). The purpose of this study was to assess mitochondrial function in broiler chickens in response to potential oxidative stress generated from the administration of AL for 1 wk. There was a significant reduction in state 3 respiration (P = 0.01) and state 4 respiration (P = 0.007) in AL-treated birds compared to the controls. The purpose of the second study was to assess the effect of AL on gene expression of inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN)-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p35, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase and XOR in liver tissue. Cobb × Cobb broilers were separated into two groups at 4 wk age (n = 10); CON and ALLO. After 1 wk AL treatment, half of the birds in each group (CON 1 and ALLO 1) were euthanized while the remaining birds continued on AL treatment for an additional week (CON 2 and ALLO 2). A significant increase in gene expression of XOR, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-12p35 in ALLO 2 birds as compared to birds in CON 2 was detected. Liver UA content was significantly decreased in both ALLO 1(P = 0.003) and ALLO 2 (P = 0.012) birds when compared to CON 1 and CON 2, respectively. The AL reduced liver UA concentrations and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Additional studies are needed to determine if AL causes a direct effect on mitochondria or if mitochondrial dysfunction observed in liver mitochondria was due indirectly through increased oxidative stress or increased inflammation.
Adapting fisher vectors for histopathology image classification

Histopathology image classification can provide automated support towards cancer diagnosis. In this paper, we present a transfer learning-based approach for histopathology image classification. We first represent the image feature by Fisher Vector (FV) encoding of local features that are extracted using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model pretrained on ImageNet. Next, to better transfer the pretrained model to the histopathology image dataset, we design a new adaptation layer to further transform the FV descriptors for higher discriminative power and classification accuracy. We used the publicly available BreaKHis image dataset for classifying between benign and malignant breast tumors, and obtained improved performance over the state-of-the-art.
Estimation of rainfall elasticity of streamflow in Australia

Abstract Estimates of rainfall elasticity of streamflow in 219 catchments across Australia are presented. The rainfall elasticity of streamflow is defined here as the proportional change in mean annual streamflow divided by the proportional change in mean annual rainfall. The elasticity is therefore a simple estimate of the sensitivity of long-term streamflow to changes in long-term rainfall, and is particularly useful as an initial estimate of climate change impact in land and water resources projects. The rainfall elasticity of streamflow is estimated here using a hydrological modelling approach and a nonparametric estimator. The results indicate that the rainfall elasticity of streamflow (ϵ P ) in Australia is about 2.0–3.5 (observed in about 70% of the catchments), that is, a 1% change in mean annual rainfall results in a 2.0–3.5% change in mean annual streamflow. The rainfall elasticity of streamflow is strongly correlated to runoff coefficient and mean annual rainfall and streamflow, where streamflow is more sensitive to rainfall in drier catchments, and those with low runoff coefficients. There is a clear relation-ship between the ϵ P values estimated using the hydrological modelling approach and those estimated using the nonparametric estimator for the 219 catchments, although the values estimated by the hydrological modelling approach are, on average, slightly higher. The modelling approach is useful where a detailed study is required and where there are sufficient data to reliably develop and calibrate a hydrological model. The nonparametric estimator is useful where consistent estimates of the sensitivity of long-term streamflow to climate are required, because it is simple to use and estimates the elasticity directly from the historical data. The nonparametric method, being model independent, can also be easily applied in comparative studies to data sets from many catchments across large regions.
VLSI implementation of reconfigurable SRRC filters with automatic code generation

A novel way to realize Square Root Raised Cosine (SRRC) filters with different taps, different accuracies and fixed architecture is proposed in this paper. An automatic code generation method is introduced because the architecture adopted in this paper is regular. In this way, both the number of the taps and Canonic Signed Digit (CSD) code's bit width are reconfigurable, and a variety of filters with fixed structure and different taps and accuracies can be realized efficiently. The synthesis result shows that a 257-tap SRRC filter using the architecture suggested in this paper can operate at a maximum frequency of 168.9 MHz with a cost of 86135 equivalent gates.
A systematic approach for diagnosing multiple delay faults

In the presence of multiple delay faults, automated diagnostic procedures that make a single fault assumption may give an incorrect diagnosis. In this paper, a systematic approach is proposed for delay fault diagnosis under a multiple fault assumption. Information from the failing test vectors are used to construct a list of single and multiple fault suspects that may have caused all of the observed faulty response. The list of suspects is then pruned and ranked in a novel way by using information from the passing test vectors combined with static timing information.
Development and characterization of novel microsatellite loci for Lusitanian toadfish, Halobatrachus didactylus

The Lusitanian toadfish Halobatrachus didactylus is an eastern Atlantic polygynous species showing male paternal care. In this paper we describe 5 novel microsatellite loci obtained by 454 GS-FLX Titanium pyrosequencing of a microsatellite-enriched library. The number of alleles per polymorphic locus varied between 2 and 4, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.082 to 0.600. No significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was found and there was no evidence for linkage disequilibrium. These markers will be of great value for paternity studies and population genetics of this species.
Myricetin Inhibits Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP) Aggregation and Rescues Living Mammalian Cells from IAPP Toxicity

The aggregation of the amyloidogenic polypeptide IAPP (Islet Amyloid Polypeptide, amylin) is believed to play a direct role in the death of pancreatic β-islet cells in type II diabetes. Preventing the initial aggregation event of IAPP is one strategy for slowing, and possibly preventing, the progression of this disease. Here, we investigate myricetin’s potential as an inhibitor of IAPP aggregation. We show that myricetin prevented thioflavin T binding in a concentration dependent manner. Atomic force microscopy revealed that myricetin prevented fiber formation under rigorous conditions conducive to forming IAPP aggregates. Using an IAPP-EGFP (Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein) protein construct, we find that high concentrations of myricetin slowed the in vivo aggregation of IAPP-EGFP. Myricetin was also found to rescue living mammalian cells from the toxic effects of IAPP. These results indicate that myricetin is a strong inhibitor of IAPP amyloid aggregation and a potential lead molecule for the development of an amyloid inhibiting therapeutic.
Visualization of health-subject analysis based on query term co-occurrences

A multidimensional-scaling approach is used to analyze frequently used medical-topic terms in queries submitted to aWeb-based consumer health information system. Based on a year-long transaction log ﬁle, ﬁve medical focus keywords ( stomach , hip , stroke , depression , and cholesterol ) and their co-occurring query terms are analyzed. An overlap-coefﬁcient similarity measure and a conversion measure are used to calculate the proximity of terms to one another based on their co-occurrences in queries.The impact of the dimensionality of the visual conﬁguration, the cutoff point of term co-occurrence for inclusion in the analysis, and the Minkowski metric power k on the stress value are discussed. A visual clustering of groups of terms based on the proximity within each focus-keyword group is also conducted.Term distributions within each visual conﬁguration are characterized and are compared with formal medical vocabulary. This investigation reveals that there are signiﬁcant differences between consumer health query-term usage and more formal medical terminology used by medical professionals when describing the same medical subject. Future directions are discussed.
Bomb dating, age validation and quality control of age determinations of monodontids and other marine mammals

Methods for confirming the accuracy of age determination methods are reasonably well established in fishes, but the millions of routine age determinations which take place every year require their own quality control protocols. In contrast, methods for ensuring accuracy in age determination of monodontids and other marine mammals are still being developed. Here we review the basis and application of bomb radiocarbon to marine mammal age validation, highlighting its value for providing unambiguous estimates of age for belugas and other long-lived animals which form growth bands. Bomb radiocarbon is particularly useful for marine mammals, given that the age of an individual animal can be determined to within ±1-3 years, as long as it was alive during the 1960s. However, ongoing age determinations require careful monitoring to ensure that age interpretations remain consistent across ages and through time. Quality control protocols using reference collections of ageing material, in conjunction with age bias plots and measures of precision, are capable of detecting virtually all of the systematic ageing errors that often occur once age determinations of an animal become routine.