Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constructing Compact Logical Arrays under Flexible Rerouting Schemes

In a multiprocessor array, some processing elements (PEs) fail to function normally due to hardware defects or soft faults caused by overheating, overload or occupancy by other running applications. Fault-tolerant reconfiguration reorganizes fault-free PEs to a logical topology by changing the interconnection among PEs. This paper develops an efficient heuristic algorithm, denoted as CLA, to construct maximum logical array (MLA) with short interconnects under flexible rerouting schemes. In CLA, two MLAs are generated using an existing algorithm FLX, and are then utilized to produce the target logical array. The middle column of the target logical array is generated by forming the straightest column on an area bounded by two logical columns of the two MLAs. Other columns are generated by forming compact columns on relative areas. The problem of finding a compact logical column on an given area is solved by modeling it as a shortest path problem on a directed graph with weights where both vertices and edges of the graph are associated with nonnegative costs. Experimental results validate the efficiency of the the proposed algorithm. For 128 × 128 host arrays with 40% unavailable PEs, the proposed approach improves existing algorithm up to 44% in terms of interconnection length. In addition, the improvement increases with the increasing fault density, implying that CLA is more scalable than the existing algorithm.
Assessment of dietary adequacy in a remote Inuvialuit population.

BACKGROUND Traditional foods are rich sources of essential nutrients, but Inuvialuit in the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, have been undergoing a nutrition transition, characterised by an increased consumption of non-nutrient-dense foods. The present study aimed to characterise energy, nutrient and food intakes amongst adult Inuvialuit. METHODS The study collected up to three 24-h dietary recalls on nonconsecutive days for each participant in spring/summer of 2008 in one remote community in the NWT. Recall data were analysed for energy and nutrient intake, dietary adequacy, most commonly reported foods, and food contributors to energy and nutrients. RESULTS Participants included 14 men and 50 women (response rate 79%). Median daily energy intake was 9.4 (interquartile range=5.7) MJ for men and 8.3 (3.6) MJ for women. The majority of adult Inuvialuit did not meet the recommendation for vitamins A [median intake=344.7 (246.3) μg-RAE in men, 248.9 (213.8) μg-RAE in women], B(6) [0.9 (0.8) mg in men, 1.0 (0.5) mg in women] and E [2.4 (2.1) mg in men, 1.8 (1.0) mg in women], dietary fibre [7.7 (5.7) g in men, 8.7 (4.4) g in women], calcium [779.6 (842.0) mg in men, 610.4 (431.5) mg in women] and total folate [222.6 (57.7) μg in men, 264.6 (127.5) μg in women]. Vitamin D intake was below the recommendation for most women [median intake=100.0 (119.2) IU]. Traditional foods contributed substantially to protein and iron intake. Juices were the main contributors to energy, carbohydrate and calcium. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed an inadequate consumption of essential nutrients in an Inuvialuit population. If these nutrient deficiencies continue, this population will face an increased burden of chronic diseases and malnutrition.
Adaptive Classifiers, Topic Drifts and GO Annotations

Gene annotations with Gene Ontology codes offer scientists important options in their study of genes and their functions. Automatic GO annotation methods have the potential to supplement the intensive manual annotation processes. Annotation approaches using MEDLINE documents are generally two-phased where the first is to annotate documents with GO codes and the second is to annotate gene products via the documents. In this paper we study document annotation with GO codes using a temporal perspective. Specifically, we build adaptive code-specific classifiers. We also study topic drift i.e., changes in the contextual characteristics of annotations over time. We show that topic drift is significant especially in the biological process GO hierarchy. This at least partially explains the particular challenges faced with codes of this hierarchy.
Motion-logger: An attitude and motion sensing system

This paper proposes a complete motion sensing solution for wheelchairs with the main objective of determining tips, falls and other hazardous situations. This kind of motion-logging solution is necessary to study needs and habits of wheelchair users. The system collects motion information utilizing an inertial measurement unit (IMU) consisting of three orthogonal accelerometers and two gyroscopes sensing pitch and roll rate. The IMU is part of a portable device (the “Motion Logger”) which captures raw motion data in a Secure Digital memory card. An algorithm running in the Motion Logger helps reducing energy consumption and memory usage. Actual determination of major events is carried out off-line and in batch mode using a personal computer application, which has two key components: an attitude estimation algorithm and the event identification itself. This document describes the design process, the hardware, and the main algorithms employed in the motion sensing solution, as well as results obtained with it.
Cross-Cultural Dialogues: 74 Brief Encounters with Cultural Difference

According to Craig Storti, so much culture lurks in the common conversation that many of our most common, seemingly innocent exchanges are cultural minefields waiting to explode into cultural misunderstandings. This work is a collection of brief conversations between an American and someone from another country and culture. Each contains at least one breach of cultural norms, which the reader is challenged to figure out. Read on one's own, the dialogues can be your introduction to cross-cultural understanding. Used in training sessions, they help participants explore cultural differences. Ten cultures are represented: Arab/Middle Eastern, British, Chinese, French, German, Hispanic, Indian, Japanese, Mediterranean/European and Russian.
Multipartite entanglement

First, we show how the quantum circuits for generating and measuring multi-party entanglement of qubits can be translated to continuous quantum variables. We derive sufficient inseparability criteria for $N$-party continuous-variable states and discuss their applicability. Then, we consider a family of multipartite entangled states (multi-party multi-mode states with one mode per party) described by continuous quantum variables and analyze their properties. These states can be efficiently generated using squeezed light and linear optics.
HST/FOS time-resolved spectral mapping of IP Pegasi at the end of an outburst

We report an eclipse mapping analysis of time-resolved ultraviolet spectroscopy covering three eclipses of the dwarf nova IP Pegasi on the late decline of the 1993 May outburst. The eclipse maps of the first run show evidence of one spiral arm, suggesting that spiral structures may still be present in the accretion disc 9 days after the onset of the outburst. In the spatially resolved spectra the most prominent lines appear in emission at any radius, being stronger in the inner disc regions. The spectrum of the gas stream is clearly distinct from the disc spectrum in the intermediate and outer disc regions, suggesting the occurrence of gas stream overflow. The full width half maximum of C IV is approximately constant with radius, in contrast to the expected $v\propto{R^{-1/2}}$ law for a gas in Keplerian orbits. This line probably originates in a vertically extended region (chromosphere + disc wind). The uneclipsed component contributes ~4% of the flux in C IV in the first run, and becomes negligible in the remaining runs. We fit stellar atmosphere models to the spatially resolved spectra. The radial run of the disc color temperature for the three runs is flatter than the expected $T\propto{R^{-3/4}}$ law for steady-state optically thick discs models, with $T\simeq{20\,000}$ K in the inner regions and $T\simeq{9000}$ K in the outer disc regions. The solid angles that result from the fits are smaller than expected from the parameters of the system. The radial run of the solid angle suggests that the disc is flared in outburst, and decreases in thickness toward the end of the outburst.
Trust, Risk, and Shareholder Decision Making: An Investor Perspective on Corporate Governance

Abstract: Shareholders’ relationship to the firm is a central theme in corporate governance, yet the investors’ perspective has been virtually ignored in governance research. This paper attempts to explain the previously unexplored role of trust in the investor decision-making process. The proposed model suggests that trust acts as the antecedent of the risk variable in existing investor decision-making models. Stock ownership involves both financial and ethical risk, which by definition requires some level of implicit trust in management and the market.
Inhibition of Factor XIa as a New Approach to Anticoagulation

The dose-limiting issue with available anticoagulant therapies is bleeding. Is there an approach that could provide antithrombotic protection with reduced bleeding? One hypothesis is that targeting proteases upstream from the common pathway provides a reduction in thrombin sufficient to impede occlusive thrombosis yet allows enough thrombin generation to support hemostasis. The impairment of intrinsic coagulation by selective inhibition of factor XI (FXI) leaves the extrinsic and common pathways of coagulation intact, making FXI a drug target. This concept is supported by the observation that human deficiency in FXI results in a mild bleeding disorder compared with other coagulation factor deficiencies, and that elevated levels of FXI are a risk factor for thromboembolic disease. Moreover, FXI knockout mice have reduced thrombosis with little effect on hemostasis. The results from genetic models have been supported by studies using neutralizing antibodies, peptide inhibitors, and small-molecule inhibitors. These agents impede thrombosis without affecting bleeding time in a variety of experimental animals, including primates. Together, these data strongly support FXIa inhibition as a viable method to increase the ratio of benefit to risk in an antithrombotic drug.
Learning via Gaussian Herding

We introduce a new family of online learning algorithms based upon constraining the velocity flow over a distribution of weight vectors. In particular, we show how to effectively herd a Gaussian weight vector distribution by trading off velocity constraints with a loss function. By uniformly bounding this loss function, we demonstrate how to solve the resulting optimization analytically. We compare the resulting algorithms on a variety of real world datasets, and demonstrate how these algorithms achieve state-of-the-art robust performance, especially with high label noise in the training data.
Analisando as Motivações para Aceitação e Adoção de Redes Sociais Virtuais

O trabalho apresenta resultados originados de uma pesquisa realizada com 179 usuarios de redes sociais virtuais com o objetivo de investigar as motivacoes deles quanto a aceitacao e adocao das redes sociais virtuais. O estudo buscou conhecer quais construtos podem ser considerados como antecedentes das atitudes e, consequentemente, quais deles estao relacionados a intencao comportamental de se engajar no uso de redes sociais virtuais. Utilizando-se do modelo de Shin (2010), o qual partiu do modelo proposto por Davis (1989), os dados foram analisados por meio da utilizacao dos metodos estatisticos. Os resultados confirmaram que ha uma correlacao entre os construtos Utilidade Percebida, Envolvimento Percebido e Diversao Percebida e o construto Atitude. Ademais, pode-se afirmar que a utilidade percebida, a conectividade percebida, o envolvimento, bem como a diversao percebida em um ambiente virtual podem ser entendidos como antecedentes da atitude em relacao a redes sociais virtuais.
A Framework of Cognitive Design Elements for Ontology Navigation

Ontology-based knowledge representation systems are used in many domains to facilitate information retrieval and to support data interoperability. Understanding, maintaining, and evolving ontologies becomes increasingly difficult as the size and complexity of the ontology grows. Users report experiencing disorientation working in environments intended to help them find, examine, and navigate between places of interest within the ontology. We believe this disorientation can be reduced with a better understanding of cognitive support requirements for ontology navigation. To that end, we have analyzed the literature to understand navigation as a cognitive task and performed field studies to uncover the issues expert users encounter when navigating ontologies. From this backround, we present a framework of cognitive design elements to improve tools for ontology navigation.
Exploiting traffic scheduling mechanisms to reduce transmission cost on mobile devices

Energy consumption of wireless data transmission heavily depends on the shape of the outgoing traffic of the mobile device. In this paper, we propose a traffic scheduler that shapes the packets into consistent bursts based on per-packet performance constraints in order to reduce the overall transmission cost. Our scheduler takes into account the scenarios where multiple network applications run concurrently on the mobile device. We evaluate the traffic scheduler with real-life traffic traces from delay-sensitive applications, e.g. Internet radio and YouTube, and delay-tolerant applications e.g. Web browsing. The results show that depending on scenarios 23% to 72% energy savings can be achieved without noticeable performance degradation. Furthermore, our traffic scheduler is of low time complexity O(n), which makes it suitable to be deployed on proxies or directly on mobile devices.
Hyaluronan Up‐Regulates IL‐10 Expression in Fibroblast‐Like Synoviocytes from Patients with Tibia Plateau Fracture

Progression to osteoarthritis (OA) is a frequent sequela of severe articular fracture, particularly when weight‐bearing joints are involved. Prevention from post‐traumatic OA remains a challenge. Hyaluronan (HA) therapy is reported to represent a safe and effective treatment for patients with OA and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the capacity of HA to prevent the occurrence of osteoarthritic changes in fractured joints has not been demonstrated. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of HA on expression of six OA‐related proteins in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) from 10 patients with tibia plateau fracture. OA‐related factors were quantified using a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Regardless of induction of the FLS with interleukin (IL)‐1β, HA was found to down‐regulate expression of catabolic factors (IL‐1β, matrix metalloproteinase‐3, and tumor necrosis factor‐α) and to up‐regulate production of anti‐catabolic factors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase‐1 and metalloproteinase‐2). HA also enhanced expression of IL‐10, an anti‐inflammatory cytokine, in FLS. Our results indicated that HA can promote the expression of both antiinflammatory and structure‐protective factors in FLS of patients with tibia plateau fracture. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:495–500, 2011
Flavonoids Isolated from Korea Citrus aurantium L. Induce G2/M Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer AGS Cells

Aim of the Study. Citrus species is used in traditional medicine as medicinal herb in several Asian countries including Korea. Flavonioids became known as various properties, such as anti-oxidants, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer, and so forth. The present study, the anti-cancer effect of flavonioids isolated from Citrus aurantium L. in human gastric cancer AGS cells has been investigated. Materials and Methods. The anti-proliferative activity was assayed using MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis was done using flow cytometry and apoptosis detection was done using by hoechst fluorescent staining and Annexin V-propidium iodide double staining. Western blot was used to detect the expression of protein related with cell cycle and apoptosis. Results. Flavonoids isolated from Citrus aurantium L. have the effect of anti proliferation on AGS cells with IC50 value of 99 μg/mL. Flavonoids inhibited cell cycle progression in the G2/M phase and decrease expression level of cyclin B1, cdc 2, cdc 25c. Flavonoids induced apoptosis through activate caspase and inactivate PARP. Conclusions. Flavonoids isolated from Citrus aurantium L. induced G2/M phase arrest through the modulation of cell cycle related proteins and apoptosis through activation caspase. These finding suggest flavonoids isolated from Citrus aurantium L. were useful agent for the chemoprevention of gastric cancer.
The Characterisation of TLC NAND Flash Memory, Leading to a Definable Endurance/Retention Trade-Off

—Triple-Level Cell (TLC) NAND Flash memory at, and below, 20nm (nanometer) is still largely unexplored by researchers, and with the ever more commonplace existence of Flash in consumer and enterprise applications there is a need for such gaps in knowledge to be ﬁlled. At the time of writing, there was little published data or literature on TLC, and more speciﬁcally reliability testing, with a further emphasis on both endurance and retention. This paper will give an introduction to NAND Flash memory, followed by an overview of the relevant current research on the reliability of Flash memory, along with the planned future work which will provide results to help characterise the reliability of TLC memory.
Direct Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 on Myocardial Contractility and Glucose Uptake in Normal and Postischemic Isolated Rat Hearts

Recent evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) enhances recovery of left ventricular (LV) function after transient coronary artery occlusion. However, it is uncertain whether GLP-1 has direct effects on normal or ischemic myocardium and whether the mechanism involves increased myocardial glucose uptake. LV function and myocardial glucose uptake and lactate production were measured under basal conditions and after 30 min of low-flow ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion in the presence and absence of GLP-1-(7–36) amide. The response was compared with standard buffer alone or buffer containing insulin (100 μU/ml). GLP-1 decreased the left ventricular developed pressure (baseline: 100 ± 2 mm Hg; GLP-1: 75 ± 3 mm Hg, p < 0.05) and LV dP/dt (baseline: 4876 ± 65 mm Hg/s; GLP-1: 4353 ± 76 mm Hg/s, p < 0.05) in normal hearts. GLP-1 increased myocardial glucose uptake (baseline: 33 ± 3 μmol/min/g; GLP-1: 81 ± 7 μmol/min/g, p < 0.05) by increasing nitric oxide production and glucose transporter (GLUT)-1 translocation. GLP-1 enhanced recovery after 30 min of low-flow ischemia with significant improvements in LV end-diastolic pressure (control: 13 ± 4 mm Hg; GLP-1: 3 ± 2 mm Hg, p < 0.05) and LV developed pressure (control: 66 ± 6 mm Hg; GLP-1: 98 ± 5 mm Hg, p < 0.05). GLP-1 increased LV function, myocardial glucose uptake, and GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 translocation during reperfusion to an extent similar to that with insulin. GLP-1 has direct effects on the normal heart, reducing contractility, but increasing myocardial glucose uptake through a non-Akt-1-dependent mechanism, distinct from the actions of insulin. However, GLP-1 increased myocardial glucose uptake and enhanced recovery of cardiac function after low-flow ischemia in a fashion similar to that of insulin.
Inferring Unobservable Inter-community Links in Large Social Networks

Social networks can be used to model social interactions between individuals. In many circumstances, not all interactions between individuals are observed. In such cases, a social network is constructed with the data that has been observed, as this is the best one can do. Recent research has attempted to predict future links in a social network, though this has proven a very challenging task. Rather than predicting future links, we propose an inference method for recovering the links in a social network that already exist but that have not been observed. In addition, our approach automatically identifies groups of individuals that form tight-knit communities and models the intra and inter-community interactions. At this higher level of abstraction and for a social network built frommobile phone calls, our method is able to accurately identify a subset of 10% of all community pairs where about 50% of the pairs have had unobserved communication between them, an improvement of about four times over a subset of the same size with randomly chosen pairs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method that infers links that exist but are unobservable in a phone call-based social network. In addition, we perform the inference at the community level, where the discovery of unobserved inter-community communication can provide further insight into the organizational structure of the social network andcan identify social groups that may share common interests.
Related signals for endocytosis and basolateral sorting of the asialoglycoprotein receptor.

The major subunit of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor contains signals for efficient endocytosis and specific basolateral expression in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, both of which are located within its 40-residue cytoplasmic domain. The aromatic residue in this segment, tyrosine 5, which is necessary for efficient clustering into clathrin-coated pits at the plasma membrane, is also necessary for exclusive basolateral delivery. Mutation of this residue to alanine resulted in a nonpolar expression of the protein. Replacement of tyrosine 5 with phenylalanine yielded almost wild-type rates of endocytosis as well as specific basolateral expression, indicating that tyrosine phosphorylation is not essential for either sorting step. The close similarity between the two sorting signals was further corroborated by deletion mutants showing that the amino-terminal 10 residues of the cytoplasmic domain are sufficient for basolateral polarity and efficient endocytosis. The kinetics of appearance of newly synthesized wild-type and mutant receptor protein at the apical and basolateral surfaces indicate that these proteins are sorted intracellularly and are transported directly to the respective domains. Mutants affected in basolateral sorting lost polarity, i.e, appeared to similar extents on both surfaces, indicating that there is no significant apical sorting information elsewhere in the protein. The close correlation between endocytosis and basolateral polarity suggests common recognition mechanisms at the plasma membrane and in the trans-Golgi network.
Norms, Behavioral Compliance, and Status Attribution in International Politics

Extant work on status attribution has largely focused on major powers or state capabilities as key explanatory factors driving these social processes and suggests that status considerations increase conflicts between states. We argue for a more comprehensive approach to status attribution that considers international norms as another major factor that is weighed in the attribution process. We contend that states (policymakers) evaluate one another not only on the basis of economic and military capabilities but also on the extent to which there is behavioral conformance with normative expectations and reward one another dependent upon whether these expectations are met. However, this attribution of status is dependent upon the level of contestation pertaining to that norm. Using a data set that assesses consistency with six different norms (resource transference, multilateralism, economic liberalism, democratic governance, respect for human rights, and peaceful dispute resolution), we find that status attribution is associated with norm-consistent behavior but only when these norms are uncontested at the global level.