Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of CD8+ T Cell Development by Thymus-Specific Proteasomes

Proteasomes are responsible for generating peptides presented by the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules of the immune system. Here, we report the identification of a previously unrecognized catalytic subunit called β5t. β5t is expressed exclusively in cortical thymic epithelial cells, which are responsible for the positive selection of developing thymocytes. Although the chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasomes is considered to be important for the production of peptides with high affinities for MHC class I clefts, incorporation of β5t into proteasomes in place of β5 or β5i selectively reduces this activity. We also found that β5t-deficient mice displayed defective development of CD8+ T cells in the thymus. Our results suggest a key role for β5t in generating the MHC class I–restricted CD8+ T cell repertoire during thymic selection.
RAPID ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS FOR THE DETECTION OF CARBARYL AND METHOPRENE IN GRAINS

In order for grain handlers and traders to reliably estimate residues of grain protectants in the field, antibody-based rapid tests were developed for carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) and methoprene [isopropyl (E,E)-(RS)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate]. To complement the rapid analysis, a simple and rapid extraction technique was developed. In these tests, a pesticide-containing methanol extract of the grain sample and an enzyme-labeled component are added to precoated strips. After a brief incubation, the strips are washed and a substrate/chromogen for the enzyme is added. The color developed is stopped by acidification and the results are read either by eye or in a portable field photometer. The overall test time is under 20 minutes. For carbaryl, the test had a limit of detection of 4.5 ppb (1.1 ppm in grain), while the methoprene test had a limit of detection of 4 ppb (1 ppm in grain) based on the lower datum point, which is 15% inhibition, in the standard curves. Both assays can be used as a screening test for carbaryl and methoprene in animal feed grains.
3-D Power Delivery Network’s Subblocks and Regulator Placement Optimized by Evolutionary Algorithm

A performance-aware 3-D power delivery network (PDN) using a novel common-centroid regulator placement and computational intelligence is presented. An evolutionary algorithm has been employed to evaluate the optimal performance tradeoffs such as power, latency, and signal integrity and to find the best performance placement of regulators in intertier PDN. To analyze main benefits of the proposed on-chip 3-D PDN, the regulator, most important block, is presented in the PDN. Through-silicon via and I/O links are also integrated into the 3-D PDN to analyze the power noise accurately. The proposed 3-D PDN using evolutionary process can significantly improve the energy efficiency, supply noises, and power/signal quality of a heterogeneous 3-D PDN. It is designed and fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS technology at 1 V. The measurement results show that the supply voltage fluctuation is 10.2 mV and the total power consumption of the proposed 3-D PDN is 4.22 mW while the 3-D I/O transceiver operates with a data rate of 1.9 Gb/s.
From Teaching Large-Scale ERP Systems to Additionally Teaching Medium-Sized Systems

Today, standardised enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are used in a majority of enterprises. There are many ERP systems with different technologies and philosophies available on the market. Therefore, the need for providing ERP knowledge by teaching the concepts of ERP systems in study courses and above all the possibilities of using these systems themselves in courses are frequently discussed in literature. Thus, we suggest a 2-course combination for teaching ERP systems at German universities where single courses dominate with mainly one large ERP system. Within this paper we present our approach for setting up the courses, the description of the courses as well as the student evaluation of this combination.
Credit-Based Multiple Human Location for Passive Binary Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor Tracking System: Free From Region Partition and Classifier

We present a credit-based multiple human location method for passive binary pyroelectric infrared sensor tracking system. Different from the traditional Fresnel-lens pyroelectric infrared (PIR) system, we use a special optical cone to design a small and flat PIR sensor network system and propose a petal-shape sensing model for sensor node. The angular bisector of one petal is a detection line and all intersection points of activated detection lines are measurement pointes. We return to the essence of sensing and propose the credit to represent the probability of measurement points falling into the field of view of the sensors. Multiple human targets can be located by cluster analyzing and data association with the highest credit, which makes the human location free from region partition and region classifier. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed location method has improved the location accuracy, and meanwhile, reduced the execution time and the dependence on the layout of sensor network.
A Cognitive Model for Spatial Perspective taking

When communicating with other people, one of the basic things that people must do is take others’ perspectives. Most of the experimental work on spatial language and perspective taking has focused on four frames of reference: exocentric (world-based, such as “Go north”), egocentric (self-based, “Turn to my left”), addressee-centered (otherbased, “Turn to your left”) and object-centric (objectbased, “The fork is to the left of the plate”) (CarsonRadvansky & Logan, 1997; Carson-Radvansky & Radvansky, 1996; Levelt, 1984). Any time egocentric or addressee-centered frames of references are used, spatial perspective taking is needed: egocentric utterances require the listener to take the speaker’s perspective, and addressee-centered utterances require the speaker to have already taken the listener’s perspective. As part of a project to make intelligent agents and robots more useful to people, we have been developing cognitive models of spatial cognition and perspective taking (Trafton, Schultz, Cassimatis et al., under review; Trafton, Schultz, Perzanowski et al., under review). Unfortunately, there are relatively few computational cognitive models of spatial cognition available in order to implement spatial perspective-taking models. One recent entree to spatial cognition research has been ACT-R/S (Harrison & Schunn, 2003). ACT-R/S extends ACT-R (Anderson & Lebiere, 1998) to implement a theory about spatial reasoning. It posits that spatial representations of objects are egocentric and dynamically updated (Wang & Spelke, 2002). ACT-R/S represents objects using vectors to the visible sides of the object. It has the ability to track these objects through a configural buffer, a data structure analogous to the other buffers of ACT-R that stores each object once it has been identified. The coordinate vectors of the objects in the buffer are then dynamically updated as the agent moves throughout the spatial domain. The configural buffer, unlike the visual and retrieval buffers of ACT-R, can hold more than one object to account for the fact that animals have been shown to track more than one landmark at once while moving through the world. The other spatial buffers within ACT-R/S, the visual and manipulative buffers, are not a central part of the work described here and are described more fully elsewhere (Harrison & Schunn, 2003).
Characterization of mitochondrial ATPase 6/8 genes in wild Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) and mapping of natural genetic diversity

Abstract We characterized mitochondrial ATP synthase (ATPase) 6 and 8 genes in Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) and determined genetic variation in wild populations across the natural distribution in Indian rivers. A total of 206 individuals were sampled from 11 riverine sites belonging to distinct geographical locations covering five major river basins. Sequencing of 842 base pairs of ATPase 6/8 revealed 21 haplotypes with haplotype diversity ranging from 0.1250 (River Satluj) to 0.8846 (River Bhagirathi). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data revealed significant genetic differentiation among sites (FST = 0.192, p < 0.0001) which was indicative of moderate level of genetic structuring in the wild L. calbasu populations. The patterns of genetic divergence and haplotype network of mtDNA revealed distinct clades present in Indian rivers. The analysis of data demonstrated the potential of ATPase 6/8 genes in determining the genetic diversity and indicated considerable sub-structuring in wild calbasu populations present in different rivers.
Handling of Dynamic Sequences in Nuclear Medicine

Nuclear Medicine is one of the first domains in which the analysis of image sequences was introduced. The development of this analysis was achieved parallel to the one of the computer systems linked to the scintillation cameras. The number of works that were performed in the research laboratories and have received an application in clinical routine is however limited. The authors indicate what could be the flow chart of the processing of dynamic sequences in scintigraphy and the kind of material that would be necessary to implement it. The possibilities of using the factor and compartmental analyses in clinical routine are particularly emphasized. The authors indicate why the factors and their associated images obtained by means of the factor analysis can have a physiological meaning.
The Mediating Effects of Job Stress on the Relationship between Job Demands Resources and Nurses' Performance in Public Sector Hospitals in Saudi Arabia

Job stress has been associated with various undesirable effects in terms of physical, psychological, and behaviour disorders and commonly associated with jobs that require a lot of direct interactions with people. The aim of the study is to evaluate the mediating effect of job stress on the relationship between job demands resources and nurses' performance. In order to achieve the study objective, a survey conducted. Questionnaires distributed to the public sector hospital's manager in Saudi Arabia. The findings of the study turn out to be true; the study will contribute to both theory and practice. Through the present study, the researcher expects the findings to shed light on the research conducted regression to analysis using job stress as a mediator in the relationship between job demands-resources and nurses' performance.
Regional Adoption of Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce in China

ABSTRACT Adoption of B2B e-commerce is a powerful driver of economic success in developed and developing countries. However, adoption rates in developing countries lag far behind. This paper draws on the perceived e-readiness model and research on the influence of interorganizational relationships and economic-cultural contexts to explain the importance of three factors—interorganizational power dependence, cooperativeness, and regional economic-cultural differences—for achieving higher levels of Internet-based electronic data interchange (EDI) in the developing country of China. We employ survey data to empirically test both the individual and joint influence of these factors. The findings suggest that beyond intraorganizational and external factors, managers and policymakers wanting to promote Internet-based EDI adoption in developing countries must also account for the interorganizational relationships of firms and the economic and cultural circumstances of the regions in which they operate.
Complement Component C1q Enhances the Biological Activity of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin-Specific Antibodies Depending on Their Fine Antigen Specificity and Heavy-Chain Isotype

ABSTRACT We have previously observed that selected influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA)-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with poor virus-neutralizing (VN) activity in vitro exhibited greatly enhanced VN activity in vivo after administration to SCID mice. The same Abs displayed improved VN activity also when tested in vitro in the presence of noninactivated serum from SCID mice. To identify Ab-dependent properties and serum components that contributed to enhancement of Ab activity, we screened a large panel of HA-specific MAbs for hemagglutination inhibition (HI) in the presence of noninactivated serum from naive mice (NMS). We found that HI activity was enhanced by NMS depending on the Ab’s fine specificity (antigenic region Cb/E > Ca/A,D > Sa,Sb/B), its heavy-chain isotype (immunoglobulin G2 [IgG2] > IgG3; IgG1 and IgM negative), and to some extent also on its derivation (primary response > memory response). On average, the HI activity of Cb/E-specific MAbs of the IgG2 isotype isolated from the primary response was enhanced by 20-fold. VN activity was enhanced significantly but less strongly than HI activity. Enhancement (i) was destroyed by heat inactivation (30 min, 56°C); (ii) did not require C3, the central complement component; (iii) was abolished by treatment of serum with anti-C1q; and (iv) could be reproduced with purified C1q, the binding moiety of C1, the first complement component. We believe that this is the first description of a direct C1q-mediated enhancement of antiviral Ab activities.
Cloning and sequence analysis of a zebrafish cDNA encoding DNA (cytosine‐5)‐methyltransferase‐1

Summary: The zebrafish has become a well‐established animal model for the analysis of development and of several disease phenotypes. Several of the favorable traits that make it a popular model organism would also be beneficial for the study of normal and abnormal vertebrate development in which DNA methylation may play a role. We report the determination of the full‐length cDNA sequence corresponding to the zebrafish DNA (cytosine‐5‐) methyltransferase gene, Dnmt1. It is 4,907 bases long and has an open reading frame predicted to encode a 1,499 amino acid protein that is similar in size and sequence to a number of other methyltransferases identified in other organisms. genesis 30:213–219, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Buoy collision detection

This paper presents a method developed for collision detection on navigational buoys by the use of onboard low power embedded controllers equipped with solid state acceleration sensors, focusing on the signal processing principles employed. Detection of a collision of a vessel with a buoy is based on continuous monitoring of the acceleration profile of the buoy in all three planes of movement, accomplished using a 3-axial solid state accelerometer (g-sensor) with the maximum range of ±3 g. The sensor is integrated with a marine Aid to Navigation (AtoN) telematics module that is subject to low power consumption requirements and size restrictions resulting in limited computational capability. Initial operational testing was performed on navigational buoys in actual marine environment, including sea ice conditions. The results have validated the usability of the method, although no ship-to-buoy collisions have been encountered.
Interference Mitigation for Automotive Radar Using Orthogonal Noise Waveforms

To improve traffic safety, millimeter wave radars have been widely used for sensing traffic environment. As radars also operate on a narrow small road and in the same frequency band, mutual interference between different automotive radars that arises cannot be easily reduced by frequency or polarization diversity. This letter presents novel orthogonal noise waveforms to reduce such neighboring interferences. First, the spectral density distribution function of the proposed waveforms is defined by using an optimized Kaiser function. Subsequently, the phases of the noise waveforms are formulated as a problem of phase retrieval and are explored. Thanks to nonuniqueness solutions, the proposed method generates the orthogonal signals with a good random phase diversity. The proposed method was tested on a representative scenario for interference reduction. The experimental results show that the proposed method can produce visually convincing radar images, and the signal-to-interference and noise ratio is better than the existing methods.
Unstructured Queries Based on Mobile User Context

Purpose – Many mobile devices today are equipped with diversified sensors that enable the acquisition of rich user context (e.g. GPS location, phone activity) for application utilization. With the growing usage of mobile devices in daily life, the problem of conveniently and promptly searching a piece of content that a user has viewed on his/her device before becomes more and more crucial. This paper aims to propose a context‐based query processing framework called UCQP that supports unstructured queries for content search in a user's access history.Design/methodology/approach – Beyond the keywords related to the content properties, a context query in the framework is specified with freeform phrases that describe high‐level mobile contexts of the user at a previous time when the user viewed the searched content.Findings – Experimental results on a prototype system of the framework illustrate its good accuracy and small response time.Originality/value – To tolerate the incompleteness and inaccuracy in user.
Heterogeneous Node Deployment Model Based on Area Topology Control in WSNs

Balanced energy consumption in WSNs is the key to maximize network lifetime. After analyzing laws of energy consumption of WSNs, a heterogeneous node deployment model based on area topology control is proposed in this paper. It utilizes predetermined heterogeneous node deployment to balance area energy consumption ratio and the topology control algorithm based on area energy consumption ratio to maintain dynamic equilibrium energy consumption. Simulation results show that our model takes a superior performance on maintaining network coverage, balancing energy consumption, and maximizing network lifetime. Compared with similar WSNs deployment models, our model can be more efficient to prolong network lifetime and has advantages in reducing dependence on deployment accuracy, balancing dynamic energy consumption, and improving lifetime in poor network environment.
The Class A β-Lactamase FTU-1 Is Native to Francisella tularensis

ABSTRACT The class A β-lactamase FTU-1 produces resistance to penicillins and ceftazidime but not to any other β-lactam antibiotics tested. FTU-1 hydrolyzes penicillin antibiotics with catalytic efficiencies of 105 to 106 M−1 s−1 and cephalosporins and carbapenems with catalytic efficiencies of 102 to 103 M−1 s−1, but the monobactam aztreonam and the cephamycin cefoxitin are not substrates for the enzyme. FTU-1 shares 21 to 34% amino acid sequence identity with other class A β-lactamases and harbors two cysteine residues conserved in all class A carbapenemases. FTU-1 is the first weak class A carbapenemase that is native to Francisella tularensis.
Rat receptor-activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) for adrenomedullin/CGRP receptor: cloning and upregulation in obstructive nephropathy.

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a potent vasorelaxing peptide originally isolated pheochromocytoma. Recently, a family of receptor-activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs 1-3) were identified in humans. Associated with the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR), RAMP2 or RAMP3 may function as the AM receptor. Here we cloned rat RAMP family, analyzed their distribution in rat tissues, and examined regulation of their expression in the kidney using an obstructive nephropathy model. Northern blot analyses revealed that the RAMP family genes are expressed in various tissues with different tissue specificity; RAMP1 is abundantly expressed in the brain, fat, thymus, and spleen, RAMP2 in the lung, spleen, fat, and aorta, while RAMP3 is most abundant in the kidney and lung. After ureteral obstruction, RAMP1, RAMP2, and CRLR gene expressions in the obstructed kidney were markedly upregulated, whereas RAMP3 expression was unchanged. Thus, RAMPs are regulated differently in obstructive nephropathy, suggesting their distinct roles in renal pathophysiology.
Phases of biomarker development for early detection of cancer.

Recent developments in such areas of research as geneexpression microarrays, proteomics, and immunology offer new approaches to cancer screening (1). The surge in research to develop cancer-screening biomarkers prompted the establishment of the Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) by the National Cancer Institute (2). The purpose of the EDRN is to coordinate research among biomarker-development laboratories, biomarker-validation laboratories, clinical repositories, and population-screening programs. By coordination of research efforts, the hope is to facilitate collaboration and to promote efficiency and rigor in research. With the goals of the EDRN in mind, the purpose of this commentary is to define a formal structure to guide the process of biomarker development. We categorize the development into five phases that a biomarker needs to pass through to produce a useful population-screening tool. The phases of research are generally ordered according to the strength of evidence that each provides in favor of the biomarker, from weakest to strongest. In addition, the results of earlier phases are generally necessary to design later phases. Therapeutic drug development has had such a structure in place for some time (3). The clinical phases of testing a new cancer drug are as follows: phase 1, determinations of toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and optimal dose levels; phase 2, determinations of biologic efficacy; and phase 3, definitive controlled trials of effects on clinical endpoints. For each phase, guidelines exist for subject selection, outcome measures, relevant comparisons for evaluating study results, and so forth. Although deviations are common, the basic structure facilitates coherent, thorough, and efficient development of new therapies. A phased approach has also been proposed for prevention trials (4,5). In a similar vein, we hope that our proposed guidelines or some related construct will facilitate the development of biomarker-based screening tools for early detection of cancer. Although deviations from these guidelines may be necessary in specific applications, our proposal will, at the minimum, provide a checklist of issues that should be addressed at each phase of development before proceeding to the next.
Assignment 4: Reading Comprehension

Reading comprehension is the task of understanding a piece of text by a machine. We train an end-to-end neural network that models the conditional distribution of start and end indices, given the question and context paragraph. We build on top of the baseline suggested in the Assignment, and explore new models to implement attention. We also measure the performance of the models and analyse the reason for improved performance over the baseline.