Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physician empathy: definition, components, measurement, and relationship to gender and specialty.

OBJECTIVE There is a dearth of empirical research on physician empathy despite its mediating role in patient-physician relationships and clinical outcomes. This study was designed to investigate the components of physician empathy, its measurement properties, and group differences in empathy scores. METHOD A revised version of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (with 20 Likert-type items) was mailed to 1,007 physicians affiliated with the Jefferson Health System in the greater Philadelphia region; 704 (70%) responded. Construct validity, reliability of the empathy scale, and the differences on mean empathy scores by physicians' gender and specialty were examined. RESULTS Three meaningful factors emerged (perspective taking, compassionate care, and standing in the patient's shoes) to provide support for the construct validity of the empathy scale that was also found to be internally consistent with relatively stable scores over time. Women scored higher than men to a degree that was nearly significant. With control for gender, psychiatrists scored a mean empathy rating that was significantly higher than that of physicians specializing in anesthesiology, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, radiology, cardiovascular surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and general surgery. No significant difference was observed on empathy scores among physicians specializing in psychiatry, internal medicine, pediatrics, emergency medicine, and family medicine. CONCLUSIONS Empathy is a multidimensional concept that varies among physicians and can be measured with a psychometrically sound tool. Implications for specialty selection and career counseling are discussed.
Recurrent neural gas in electric load forecasting

We have proposed for the task of hourly electric load forecasting a hybrid neural system combining unsupervised and supervised learning. The system consists of a recurrent neural gas (RNG) network and many Elman neural networks (ENs). RNG is a modification we introduced in the neural gas (NG) network in order to enable it to do clustering using a sequence of input data. For verifying the RNG's performance, many architectures are compared in the learning of global and local models. In a global model only one supervised network is trained and in a local model the training examples are grouped by a clustering algorithm and each one of these groups is sent to different supervised networks. These architectures use different clustering algorithms (NG and RNG) or different supervised networks for prediction (ENs that are trained by backpropagation or backpropagation through time, and feedforward networks).
Unsupervised Terminological Ontology Learning Based on Hierarchical Topic Modeling

In this paper, we present hierarchical relationbased latent Dirichlet allocation (hrLDA), a data-driven hierarchical topic model for extracting terminological ontologies from a large number of heterogeneous documents. In contrast to traditional topic models, hrLDA relies on noun phrases instead of unigrams, considers syntax and document structures, and enriches topic hierarchies with topic relations. Through a series of experiments, we demonstrate the superiority of hrLDA over existing topic models, especially for building hierarchies. Furthermore, we illustrate the robustness of hrLDA in the settings of noisy data sets, which are likely to occur in many practical scenarios. Our ontology evaluation results show that ontologies extracted from hrLDA are very competitive with the ontologies created by domain experts.
Circulating AnW-Helicobacter pylori Immunoglobulin A Antibodies and Low Serum Pepsinogen I Level Are Associated with Increased Risk of Gastric Cancer

Helicobacter pylori infection has been suggested to be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer, and low levels of serum pepsinogen I (PG I) have been linked to atrophic gastritis, which is a risk factor for gastric cancer. In Finland, 39,268 persons from 25 cohorts participated during 1968-1972 in a health examination survey and were followed for up to 13 years. A nested case-control study was performed on 84 stomach cancer patients identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry and 146 controls matched for age, sex, and municipality. Serum samples drawn at the baseline study were analyzed. An elevated level of serum anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies (a titer s70) and a low serum PG I level (<49 /ig/liter) were associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. The odds ratios were 2.52 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.14-5.57) for high IgA and 2.68 (95% Cl 1.35-5.30) for low PG I. For high immunoglobulin G (IgG) (2:700), the odds ratio was only 1.50 (95% Cl 0.70-3.22). When both high IgA and low PG I were present, the odds ratio was 5.96 (95% Cl 2.02-17.57). The association of H. pylori infection with cancer became stronger with longer follow-up times, whereas that of low PG I was strongest at shorter follow-up times. Our findings support the hypothesis that H. pylori infection is a prevalent and potentially preventable cause of gastric cancer. They stress the value of IgA antibody determinations and provide new evidence for a pathogenesis leading from prolonged infection through atrophic gastritis to gastric cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1996;144:142-9.
Coordinated control of Notch/Delta signalling and cell cycle progression drives lateral inhibition-mediated tissue patterning

Coordinating cell differentiation with cell growth and division is crucial for the successful development, homeostasis and regeneration of multicellular tissues. Here, we use bristle patterning in the fly notum as a model system to explore the regulatory and functional coupling of cell cycle progression and cell fate decision-making. The pattern of bristles and intervening epithelial cells (ECs) becomes established through Notch-mediated lateral inhibition during G2 phase of the cell cycle, as neighbouring cells physically interact with each other via lateral contacts and/or basal protrusions. Since Notch signalling controls cell division timing downstream of Cdc25, ECs in lateral contact with a Delta-expressing cell experience higher levels of Notch signalling and divide first, followed by more distant neighbours, and lastly Delta-expressing cells. Conversely, mitotic entry and cell division makes ECs refractory to lateral inhibition signalling, fixing their fate. Using a combination of experiments and computational modelling, we show that this reciprocal relationship between Notch signalling and cell cycle progression acts like a developmental clock, providing a delimited window of time during which cells decide their fate, ensuring efficient and orderly bristle patterning. Summary: In the fly notum, a reciprocal relationship between Notch signalling and cell cycle progression acts like a clock, providing a delimited window of time during which cells decide their fate.
Convergent Evolution in Aquatic Tetrapods: Insights from an Exceptional Fossil Mosasaur

Mosasaurs (family Mosasauridae) are a diverse group of secondarily aquatic lizards that radiated into marine environments during the Late Cretaceous (98–65 million years ago). For the most part, they have been considered to be simple anguilliform swimmers – i.e., their propulsive force was generated by means of lateral undulations incorporating the greater part of the body – with unremarkable, dorsoventrally narrow tails and long, lizard-like bodies. Convergence with the specialized fusiform body shape and inferred carangiform locomotory style (in which only a portion of the posterior body participates in the thrust-producing flexure) of ichthyosaurs and metriorhynchid crocodyliform reptiles, along with cetaceans, has so far only been recognized in Plotosaurus, the most highly derived member of the Mosasauridae. Here we report on an exceptionally complete specimen (LACM 128319) of the moderately derived genus Platecarpus that preserves soft tissues and anatomical details (e.g., large portions of integument, a partial body outline, putative skin color markings, a downturned tail, branching bronchial tubes, and probable visceral traces) to an extent that has never been seen previously in any mosasaur. Our study demonstrates that a streamlined body plan and crescent-shaped caudal fin were already well established in Platecarpus, a taxon that preceded Plotosaurus by 20 million years. These new data expand our understanding of convergent evolution among marine reptiles, and provide insights into their evolution's tempo and mode.
Practical and Effective Re-Pair Compression

Re-Pair is an efficient grammar compressor that operates by recursively replacing high-frequency character pairs with new grammar symbols. The most space-efficient linear-time algorithm computing Re-Pair uses $(1+\epsilon)n+\sqrt n$ words on top of the re-writable text (of length $n$ and stored in $n$ words), for any constant $\epsilon>0$; in practice however, this solution uses complex sub-procedures preventing it from being practical. In this paper, we present an implementation of the above-mentioned result making use of more practical solutions; our tool further improves the working space to $(1.5+\epsilon)n$ words (text included), for some small constant $\epsilon$. As a second contribution, we focus on compact representations of the output grammar. The lower bound for storing a grammar with $d$ rules is $\log(d! )+2d\approx d\log d+0.557 d$ bits, and the most efficient encoding algorithm in the literature uses at most $d\log d + 2d$ bits and runs in $\mathcal O(d^{1.5})$ time. We describe a linear-time heuristic maximizing the compressibility of the output Re-Pair grammar. On real datasets, our grammar encoding uses---on average---only $2.8\%$ more bits than the information-theoretic minimum. In half of the tested cases, our compressor improves the output size of 7-Zip with maximum compression rate turned on.
Zebrafish as an Emerging Model Organism to Study Angiogenesis in Development and Regeneration

Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed from preexisting ones and plays a critical role in several conditions including embryonic development, tissue repair and disease. Moreover, enhanced therapeutic angiogenesis is a major goal in the field of regenerative medicine and efficient vascularization of artificial tissues and organs is one of the main hindrances in the implementation of tissue engineering approaches, while, on the other hand, inhibition of angiogenesis is a key therapeutic target to inhibit for instance tumor growth. During the last decades, the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this process has been matter of intense research. In this regard, several in vitro and in vivo models have been established to visualize and study migration of endothelial progenitor cells, formation of endothelial tubules and the generation of new vascular networks, while assessing the conditions and treatments that either promote or inhibit such processes. In this review, we address and compare the most commonly used experimental models to study angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In particular, we focus on the implementation of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model to study angiogenesis and discuss the advantages and not yet explored possibilities of its use as model organism.
Selecting High Priority Quality Measures For Breast Cancer Quality Improvement

Background:Although many quality measures have been created, there is no consensus regarding which are the most important. We sought to develop a simple, explicit strategy for prioritizing breast cancer quality measures based on their potential to highlight areas where quality improvement efforts could most impact a population. Methods:Using performance data for 9019 breast cancer patients treated at 10 National Comprehensive Cancer Network institutions, we assessed concordance relative to 30 reliable, valid breast cancer process-based treatment measures. We identified 4 attributes that indicated there was room for improvement and characterized the extent of burden imposed by failing to follow each measure: number of nonconcordant patients, concordance across all institutions, highest concordance at any 1 institution, and magnitude of benefit associated with concordant care. For each measure, we used data from the concordance analyses to derive the first 3 attributes and surveyed expert breast cancer physicians to estimate the fourth. A simple algorithm incorporated these attributes and produced a final score for each measure; these scores were used to rank the measures. Results:We successfully prioritized quality measures using explicit, objective methods and actual performance data. The number of nonconcordant patients had the greatest influence on the rankings. The highest-ranking measures recommended chemotherapy and hormone therapy for hormone-receptor positive tumors and radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery. Conclusions:This simple, explicit approach is a significant departure from methods used previously, and effectively identifies breast cancer quality measures that have broad clinical relevance. Systematically prioritizing quality measures could increase the efficiency and efficacy of quality improvement efforts and substantially improve outcomes.
Deep-blue supercontinuum light sources based on tapered photonic crystal bres

The nonlinear pulse broadening phenomenon of supercontinuum generation in optical fibres is appreciated as one of the most striking in nonlinear physics. Thanks to the unique combination of high brightness and octavespanning spectra, modern ”white-light” supercontinuum lasers have found numerous applications in areas such as spectroscopy and microscopy. In this work, we exploit the tremendous design freedom in air hole structured photonic crystal fibres to shape the supercontinuum spectrum. Specifically, the supercontinuum dynamics can be controlled by clever engineering of fibres with longitudinally varying air hole structures. Here we demonstrate supercontinuum generation into the commercially attractive deep-blue spectral region below 400 nm from an Yb laser in such fibres. In particular, we introduce the concept of a group acceleration mismatch that allows us to enhance the amount of light in the deep-blue by optimising the fibre structure. To this end, we fabricate the first single-mode high air-fill fraction photonic crystal fibre for blue-extended supercontinuum sources. The mechanisms of supercontinuum broadening are highly sensitive to noise, and the inherent shot-to-shot variations in long-pulsed supercontinuum sources are a limiting factor for several applications. We investigate different approaches to quantify and lower the spectral noise. Specifically, we characterise the spectral noise in the framework of statistical higherorder moments, which provides insight into the nature of the noise across the spectrum. We further investigate the possibilities of reducing the spectral noise by modulating the pump with a weak seed, which makes the broadening dynamics increasingly deterministic rather than driven by noisy modulation instability. Particular attention is paid to the commercially relevant high power regime. Finally, we examine passive noise reduction in photonic crystal fibres with longitudinally varying air hole structures.
The Presence of Biomarker Enzymes of Selected Scleractinian Corals of Palk Bay, Southeast Coast of India

The health and existence of coral reefs are in danger by an increasing range of environmental and anthropogenic impacts. The causes of coral reef decline include worldwide climate change, shoreline development, habitat destruction, pollution, sedimentation and overexploitation. These disasters have contributed to an estimated loss of 27% of the reefs. If the current pressure continues unabated, the estimated loss of coral reef will be about 60% by the year 2030. Therefore, the present study was aimed to analyze the enzymes involved in stress induced by coral pathogen and its resistance. We focused on the enzymes involved in melanin synthesis pathway (phenoloxidase (PO) and peroxidases (POD)) and free radical scavenging enzymes (super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) in selected scleractinian corals such as Acropora formosa, Echinopora lamellosa, Favia favus, Favites halicora, Porites sp. , and Anacropora forbesi. Overall, PO activity of coral was significantly lower than that of zooxanthellae except for Favia favus. Coral colonies with lower PO and POD activities are prone to disease. Maximum antioxidant defensive enzymes were observed in Favia favus followed by Echinopora lamellose. It is concluded that assay of these enzymes can be used as biomarkers for identifying the susceptibility of corals towards coral bleaching induced by pathogen.
Altered Brain Complexity in Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Resting-State Magneto-Encephalography Study Using Multiscale Entropy Analysis

How chronic pain affects brain functions remains unclear. As a potential indicator, brain complexity estimated by entropy-based methods may be helpful for revealing the underlying neurophysiological mechanism of chronic pain. In this study, complexity features with multiple time scales and spectral features were extracted from resting-state magnetoencephalographic signals of 156 female participants with/without primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) during pain-free state. Revealed by multiscale sample entropy (MSE), PDM patients (PDMs) exhibited loss of brain complexity in regions associated with sensory, affective, and evaluative components of pain, including sensorimotor, limbic, and salience networks. Significant correlations between MSE values and psychological states (depression and anxiety) were found in PDMs, which may indicate specific nonlinear disturbances in limbic and default mode network circuits after long-term menstrual pain. These findings suggest that MSE is an important measure of brain complexity and is potentially applicable to future diagnosis of chronic pain.
Entrepreneurial intuition , an empirical approach

Many of today’s successful entrepreneurs attribute their success to their intuition, Bill Gates says, "you cannot ignore your intuition. " Oprah states, "My business skills have come from being guided by my intuition", and Donald Trump admits in his book, "I've built a multibillion dollar empire by relying on my gut instinct”. Using the extant literature on intuition in business, this work aims to empirically validate the importance and relevance of intuitive decision making to successful entrepreneurs. This hopefully provides a greater understanding of intuition and decision-making, in the field of entrepreneurship. ++ The population sample chosen was repeat entrepreneurs because a repeat entrepreneurs success is not due to providence alone. They appear to identify opportunities based on cues or signals from the environment that they filter and process through a number of mechanisms. Using the literature review a priori a questionnaire was developed and a cognitive style instrument (CSI) was used to contrast and compare findings, not only across cases but also across thinking styles. This research then used a multi-method, pooled case study approach using the CSI and the semi-structured interviews to achieve the final results. Whilst the results show that entrepreneur’s have a greater propensity for intuitive decision-making. This does not suggest that they ignore available information; to the contrary, many do rely on their experiences and available information. The results suggest that intuition and rational decision-making are not on the same continuum ie: entrepreneurs are neither one nor the other; they can be both rational and intuitive in their decision-making style.
Principles Of Gestalt Psychology

Routledge is now re-issuing this prestigious series of 204 volumes originally published between 1910 and 1965. The titles include works by key figures such asC.G. Jung, Sigmund Freud, Jean Piaget, Otto Rank, James Hillman, Erich Fromm, Karen Horney and Susan Isaacs. Each volume is available on its own, as part of a themed mini-set, or as part of a specially-priced 204-volume set. A brochure listing each title in the "International Library of Psychology" series is available upon request.
Drug allergy and hypersensitivity: still a hot topic

Drug allergy and hypersensitivity have been recognized for decades, but there are still large gaps in our knowledge. First, new therapeutic agents have been introduced and some, such as biological agents, are inducing adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Impurities in drugs are becoming more common, because the raw materials are not always well characterized or may be fraudulent. These impurities can also cause severe ADRs. Finally, more knowledge is needed for an improved diagnosis and treatment of drug allergy and hypersensitivity. In the present issue of this Journal, new information has been gathered on drug allergy and hypersensitivity which should be put in the context of recent publications. Biologicals are a relatively new class of medicines that carry specific risk, in particular hypersensitivity and allergy (1). An important study attempted to determine the nature, frequency and timing of safety-related regulatory actions for biologics following approval in the United States and/or the European Union (2). A total of 174 biologics were approved and safety-related regulatory actions were decided for 41 (23.6%). The nature of safety problems identified after approval for biologics is often related to their immunomodulatory effect (infections) and hypersensitivity reactions. Cetuximab, a chimeric mousehuman IgG1 monoclonal antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor, has a high prevalence of hypersensitivity reactions in some areas of the United States and has been associated with serum specific IgE for galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (3). Positive skin tests to TNF-a blocking agents can be found in patients with local reactions at the injection site (4), suggesting an IgE-mediated mechanism. In 2008, certain lots of heparin were associated with anaphylactic like reactions resulting from contamination with oversulphated chondroitin sulphate (OSCS). Lowmolecular weight heparins obtained by chemical and enzymatic depolymerization of heparin are also concerned (5). Several deaths have been reported after large doses of intravenous heparin administration. The activation of the contact system has been proposed for a potential biologic link between OSCS and the observed clinical adverse events (6–8). OSCS can directly activate the kinin–kallikrein pathway in human plasma, which can lead to the generation of bradykinin, a potent vasoactive mediator. In addition, OSCS induced generation of C3a and C5a, potent anaphylatoxins derived from complement proteins. P.-J. Bousquet, P. Demoly & A. Romano Departement de Biostatistique, Epid miologie Clinique, Sante Publique et Information Medicale, GHU Caremeau, Place Professeur Robert Debre, N mes cedex, France; Exploration des allergies, Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Hopital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier cedex, France; Unite INSERM U657, Hopital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier cedex, France; Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, UCSC-Allergy Unit, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Rome; IRCCS Oasi Maria S.S. , Troina, Italy