Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin induces rapid gene expression changes in human bladder cancer cell lines that may modulate its survival

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy is the standard therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The aim of the present study was to identify genes that are induced in response to BCG immunotherapy, as these may be potential biomarkers for the response to clinical therapy. To model clinical therapy, human bladder cancer cell lines were incubated with BCG (live or lyophilized BCG Connaught) for 2 h. RNA was extracted and evaluated by Representational Differential Analysis (RDA) and oligo arrays. Gene expression was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on fresh cell lines with differential abilities to internalize BCG. The effect of 2 major BCG soluble proteins, antigen 85B (Ag85B) and Mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase A (MptpA) and BCG Tice® on gene expression was also determined. GAPDH and β-actin, which are normally used as control genes, were upregulated by BCG. Therefore, the ribosomal RNA gene ribosomal protein S27a was used to normalize gene expression. The genes likely to be induced by BCG internalization and soluble factors were: GSTT2, MGST2, CCL20, TNFα, CCNE1 and IL10RB. Those induced by BCG membrane interactions and/or soluble factors were: MGST1, CXCL6, IL12A, CSF2, IL1β and TOLLIP. MptpA decreased GSTT2 expression, and Ag85B increased TNFα expression. The two BCG strains significantly increased GSTT2, TNFα and TOLLIP levels in MGH cells. However, in J82 cells there was a BCG strain-dependent difference in TNFα expression. An important outcome of the present study was the determination that neither GAPDH nor β-actin were suitable control genes for the analysis of BCG-induced gene expression. BCG Connaught and Tice® induced similar expression levels of genes in bladder cancer cell lines. BCG soluble proteins modulated gene expression and therefore may affect therapeutic outcomes. The genes identified may be novel biomarkers of the response to BCG therapy.
Microelement contents and fatty acid compositions of Rhus coriaria L. and Pistacia terebinthus L. fruits spread commonly in the south eastern Anatolia region of Turkey

Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) and terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L.) are two important spice plants of south eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Nutrients, physical properties including moisture, ash, dry matter, protein, fatty oil and essential oil content, along with Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ni, Pb, Zn and characteristics of fruit sizes and fatty acid compositions of both plants were determined from ripe fruits. The free fatty acid content was determined in the fruit oil, and the main fatty acids of sumac and terebinth were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. They included oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic acids in a ratio of 37.7% and 34.8%, 27.4% and 17.3%, 21.1% and 21.7% and, 4.7% and 2.5%, respectively. The fruits of both plants were rich in oil, fatty acids and minerals, suggesting that they are valuable for using in food. The data may also be useful for the evaluation of nutritional information.
Formulation of impact of voltage — Change in the radial power-flow with tap — Change transformer

The demand for electrical energy is ever increasing in the World. For that an AC (Alternating Current) Power Distribution is most commonly used system in operation. Approximately 20% of the total electrical energy generated is lost during transmission (4–6%) and distribution (15–18%). In this context, it is necessary to minimize the distribution losses, which intern improves the amount of power significantly. An industrial customer supposed to reduce the losses in the low tension-side under tolerable voltage limit. In case the customer is failed to maintain the system voltage well within the limit, then unnecessary penalty is charged by the power supply board. As per the demand and service, it is necessary to place tap-change transformer or regulating transformer to maintain the acceptable voltage limit. For that, first various literature reviews were collected on role of tap-changing transformer in power distribution study. Further, the paper developed formulas on the impact of tap-changing transformer in the distribution power-flow study. The updated formulas used to determine bus-power, bus-current and bus-voltage. Furthermore, the role of tap-changing towards saving of real power cost is estimated. To obtain the load flow solution, the input-data details of the network containing tap-change transformer were fed into modified power flow equations. The proposed algorithm is successfully demonstrated on an IEEE 15-bus network and voltage regulation are presented. The test results obtained are validated through MATLAB Version: 9.2. 0.538062 (R2017a). The proposed method presented in the paper is found to be flexible and efficient.
Graph-Grammar-Based IP-Integration (GRIP)—An EDA Tool for Software-Defined SoCs

In modern system-on-chip (SoC) designs, IP-reuse is considered a driving force to increase productivity. To support various designs, a huge amount of Intellectual Property (IP) hardware blocks have been developed. The integration of those IPs into an SoC may require significant effort—up to days or weeks depending on experience and complexity. This article presents a novel approach to significantly reduce the design effort to bring-up a working SoC design by automatic IP integration as part of a library-based Software-defined SoC flow. In detail, the IP-supplier prepares a HW-accelerated software library (HASL) for the SoC architect, who wants to use the IP in an SoC design. As a key point of our approach, integration knowledge is encoded in the library as a set of integration rules. These rules are defined in the machine-readable standardized IP-XACT format by the IP supplier, who has a good knowledge of the IP’s hardware details. The library preparation step on the IP supplier’s side is also partly automated in the proposed flow, including a partial generation of configurable HW drivers, schedulers, and the software library functions. For the SoC architect, we have developed the graph-grammar-based IP-integration (GRIP) tool. The software application is developed using the functions supplied in the HASL. According to the calls to the HASL functions, the GRIP tool automatically integrates IP-blocks using the rule information supplied with the library and runs a full Design Space Exploration. For this, the SoC architecture and rules are transformed into the graph domain to apply graph rewriting methods. The GRIP tool is model-driven and based on the Eclipse Modeling Framework. With code generation techniques, SoC candidate architectures can be transformed to hardware descriptions for the target platform. The HW/SW interfaces between SW library functions and IP blocks can be automatically generated for bare-metal or Linux-based applications. The approach is demonstrated with two case-studies on the Xilinx Zynq-based ZedBoard evaluation board using a HASL for computer vision. It can yield 10×-150× performance improvement for the bare-metal application versions and 4×--7× performance improvement for the Linux-based application versions, when executed on an optimized HW-accelerated SoC architecture compared to a non HW-accelerated SoC. The effort for IP integration is comparable to using a software library, hence, providing a significant advantage over a manual IP integration.
A radiative transfer framework for spatially-correlated materials

We introduce a non-exponential radiative framework that takes into account the local spatial correlation of scattering particles in a medium. Most previous works in graphics have ignored this, assuming uncorrelated media with a uniform, random local distribution of particles. However, positive and negative correlation lead to slower- and faster-than-exponential attenuation respectively, which cannot be predicted by the Beer-Lambert law. As our results show, this has a major effect on extinction, and thus appearance. From recent advances in neutron transport, we first introduce our Extended Generalized Boltzmann Equation, and develop a general framework for light transport in correlated media. We lift the limitations of the original formulation, including an analysis of the boundary conditions, and present a model suitable for computer graphics, based on optical properties of the media and statistical distributions of scatterers. In addition, we present an analytic expression for transmittance in the case of positive correlation, and show how to incorporate it efficiently into a Monte Carlo renderer. We show results with a wide range of both positive and negative correlation, and demonstrate the differences compared to classic light transport.
Nuclear resonant scattering at high pressure and high temperature

We introduce the combination of nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy with the laser-heated diamond anvil cell technique for studying magnetic, elastic, thermodynamic, and vibrational properties of materials under high pressures and high temperatures. An Nd:YLF laser, operating in continuous donut mode (TEM01), has been used to heat samples inside a diamond anvil cell from both sides. Temperatures of the laser-heated sample are measured by means of spectral radiometry and by the detailed balance principle of the energy spectra. The temperature measured by the detailed balance principle is in very good agreement with values determined from the thermal radiation spectra fitted to the Planck radiation function up to 1700 K. Nuclear resonant scattering on 57Fe-containing materials (i.e., Fe, FeO, Fe2O3) has been studied up to 2500 K and 100 GPa. A detailed description of the laser-heating optics, temperature determination, the X-ray monochromatization, and the X-ray focusing optics is given in this article.
Segmentation and punctuation prediction in speech language translation using a monolingual translation system

In spoken language translation (SLT), finding proper segmentation and reconstructing punctuation marks are not only significant but also challenging tasks. In this paper we present our recent work on speech translation quality analysis for German-English by improving sentence segmentation and punctuation. From oracle experiments, we show an upper bound of translation quality if we had human-generated segmentation and punctuation on the output stream of speech recognition systems. In our oracle experiments we gain 1.78 BLEU points of improvements on the lecture test set. We build a monolingual translation system from German to German implementing segmentation and punctuation prediction as a machine translation task. Using the monolingual translation system we get an improvement of 1.53 BLEU points on the lecture test set, which is a comparable performance against the upper bound drawn by the oracle experiments.
Quantitative Analysis of Transnasal Anterior Skull Base Approach: Report of Technology for Intraoperative Assessment of Instrument Motion

Objective: To develop a method to measure intraoperative surgical instrument motion. This model will be applicable to the study of surgical instrument kinematics including surgical training, skill verification, and the development of surgical warning systems that detect aberrant instrument motion that may result in patient injury. Design: We developed an algorithm to automate derivation of surgical instrument kinematics in an endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery model. Surgical instrument motion was recorded during a cadaveric endoscopic transnasal approach to the pituitary using a navigation system modified to record intraoperative time-stamped Euclidian coordinates and Euler angles. Microdebrider tip coordinates and angles were referenced to the cadaver’s preoperative computed tomography scan allowing us to assess surgical instrument kinematics over time. A representative cadaveric endoscopic endonasal approach to the pituitary was performed to demonstrate feasibility of our algorithm for deriving surgical instrument kinematics. Conclusions: Technical feasibility of automatically measuring intraoperative surgical instrument motion and deriving kinematics measurements was demonstrated using standard navigation equipment.
Head Pose Estimation in Single-and Multiview Environments Results on the CLEAR ’ 07 Benchmarks-DRAFT VERSION -

In this paper, we present our system used and evaluated on the CLEAR’07 benchmarks on singleand multi-view head pose estimation. The benchmarks show a high contrast in the application domain: Whereas the single-view task provides simulated meeting recordings, involving high-quality recordings of the participants, the multi-view benchmark targets at low-quality, unobtrusive observations of people with multiple cameras in unconstrained scenarios. We show that our approach achieves satisfactory results in both domains.
From Theory to Praxix: Black Women, Gangs, and Critical Race Feminism

Despite the media's portrayal, the American gang problem is not attributable solely to African-American and Hispanic males. Females have been and are increasingly becoming a significant component of the gang crisis that faces many American communities. 2 Twenty years ago Waln K. Brown criticized the lack of information on female delinquency and female gang involvement, and sought to remedy the traditional neglect by researchers of the roles of black females in the gang subculture. Unfortunately, this "peculiar absence ' 4 of scholarship and research has continued over the last two decades even though female gang members have become more visible and violent crime rates for female offenders have risen drastically. 5 As Brown recognized, "black females undergo the same basic sociological phenomena as do black males" 6 and must be included in the analysis of the gang culture. The African-American female gang member must no longer be a marginalized and neglected part of the discourse of the American gang.
A principal components analysis of labour sectoral transfers

Net sectoral transfers are generally low and stable following the UK's economic shock of the late 80's and early 90's. However, previous work has shown that this low level of general inter-sectoral labour transfer is not homogenous, but rather that the general level conceals the fact that some industrial sectors are more active than others in this regard. This is witnessed in the manner in which sectors correlate differently for labour transfers, showing the extent to which they recruit from and displace to, other sectors within the economy. Indeed, the Construction Sector is the most influential. An all-sector exploratory principal components analysis was undertaken to establish those constructs or dimensions which could account for such observed associations. This has identified underlying characteristics of the labour market that explain the differences in terms of their externality to the variables considered, but which are yet within context; i.e. they explain the movement of workers from one industrial sector to another. The analysis resolves to just two principal components; namely, educational level / skill attainment and the level of skill-specificity attaching to each sector. These may then be mapped to indicate the central position played by the construction sector in the labour market and its position relative to all other sectors.
In Vitro Anti-Ulcer Potential of Nardostachys jatamansi Through Anti-Urease Assay

Background: Drug resistance is the reason for search of new medicines from natural sources. Natural products and plants showed gastro-protective and anti-ulcer effects by either prophylactic (antioxidant) or therapeutic means (anti-urease, etc.). Nardostachys jatamansi is used traditionally as gastro-protective. The study aims to evaluate anti-ulcer activity of the methanolic extract of N. jatamansi through its anti-urease potential and also appraise its antioxidant activity. Methodology: Antioxidant activity was evaluated through DPPH radical scavenging assay. Elisa microplate reader was used to estimate DPPH and urease inhibition. Results: The study results showed that N. jatamansi inhibited DPPH, and urease significantly (p≤ 0.05). IC50 of N. jatamansi against DPPH and urease were 218.5±1.0 µg/mL and 55.9±1.3 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests the anti-urease potential of N. jatamansi. So, N. jatamansi could be used in peptic ulcer treatment. Moreover, this study provides proof of its traditional gastro-protective use.
Motor Imagery during Action Observation of Locomotor Tasks Improves Rehabilitation Outcome in Older Adults after Total Hip Arthroplasty

This study aimed at determining whether the combination of action observation and motor imagery (AO + MI) of locomotor tasks could positively affect rehabilitation outcome after hip replacement surgery. Of initially 405 screened participants, 21 were randomly split into intervention group (N = 10; mean age = 64 y; AO + MI of locomotor tasks: 30 min/day in the hospital, then 3×/week in their homes for two months) and control group (N = 11, mean age = 63 y, active controls). The functional outcomes (Timed Up and Go, TUG; Four Step Square Test, FSST; and single- and dual-task gait and postural control) were measured before (PRE) and 2 months after surgery (POST). Significant interactions indicated better rehabilitation outcome for the intervention group as compared to the control group: at POST, the intervention group revealed faster TUG (p = 0.042), FSST (p = 0.004), and dual-task fast-paced gait speed (p = 0.022), reduced swing-time variability (p = 0.005), and enhanced cognitive performance during dual tasks while walking or balancing (p < 0.05). In contrast, no changes were observed for body sway parameters (p ≥ 0.229). These results demonstrate that AO + MI is efficient to improve motor-cognitive performance after hip surgery. Moreover, only parameters associated with locomotor activities improved whereas balance skills that were not part of the AO + MI intervention were not affected, demonstrating the specificity of training intervention. Overall, utilizing AO + MI during rehabilitation is advised, especially when physical practice is limited.
Leakage current suppression and ripple power reduction for transformer-less single-phase photovoltaic inverters

Transformer-less single-phase grid-tied inverter is attractive due to low cost, high efficiency, and small size. However, leakage current and second-order ripple power have to be well dealt with. Because the leakage current is a potential threat for body safety and the ripple power will decrease overall efficiency and system reliability. Both issues become obstacles for practical applications. This paper proposes a method to achieve leakage current suppression and ripple power reduce simultaneously. The main circuit is formed by adding an extra arm and a decoupling capacitor to the traditional single-phase voltage source inverter. The additional arm is controlled to keep the common voltage constant and divert the ripple power to the decoupling capacitor. A decoupled control method is also developed to achieve independent control of power factor correction and power decoupling. Finally, simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness.
Translating language with technology's help

In this article, we introduced an iterative system for improving speech recognition in the context of human mediated translation scenarios. In contrast to related work conducted in this field, we included scenarios in which only spoken language representations are available. One key feature of our iterative system is that all involved system components, ASR as well as MT, are improved. Particularly in the context of a spoken source language representation, not only is the target language ASR automatically improved but so is the source language ASR. Using Spanish as the source language and English as the target language, we were able to reduce the WER of the English ASR by 35.8% when given a written-source language representation. Given a spoken-source language representation, we achieved a relative WER reduction of 29.9% for English and 20.9% for Spanish
Improving Machine Translation of Educational Content via Crowdsourcing

The limited availability of in-domain training data is a major issue in the training of application-specific neural machine translation models. Professional outsourcing of bilingual data collections is costly and often not feasible. In this paper we analyze the influence of using crowdsourcing as a scalable way to obtain translations of target in-domain data having in mind that the translations can be of a lower quality. We apply crowdsourcing with carefully designed quality controls to create parallel corpora for the educational domain by collecting translations of texts from MOOCs from English to eleven languages, which we then use to fine-tune neural machine translation models previously trained on general-domain data. The results from our research indicate that crowdsourced data collected with proper quality controls consistently yields performance gains over general-domain baseline systems, and systems fine-tuned with pre-existing in-domain corpora.
Application of Meta-Heuristic Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Modeling of Bonding Strength of Plywood Panels

Plywood, which is one of the most important wood based panels, has many usage areas changing from traffic signs to building constructions in many countries. It is known that the high quality plywood panel manufacturing has been achieved with a good bonding under the optimum pressure conditions depending on adhesive type. This is a study of determining the using possibilities of modern meta-heuristic hybrid artificial intelligence techniques such as IKE and AANN methods for prediction of bonding strength of plywood panels. This study has composed of two main parts as experimental and analytical. Scots pine, maritime pine and European black pine logs were used as wood species. The pine veneers peeled at 32°C and 50°C were dried at 110°C, 140°C and 160°C temperatures. Phenol formaldehyde and melamine urea formaldehyde resins were used as adhesive types. EN 314-1 standard was used to determine the bonding shear strength values of plywood panels in experimental part of this study. Then the intuitive k-nearest neighbor estimator (IKE) and adaptive artificial neural network (AANN) were used to estimate bonding strength of plywood panels. The best estimation performance was obtained from MA metric for kvalue=10. The most effective factor on bonding strength was determined as adhesive type. Error rates were determined less than 5% for both of the IKE and AANN. It may be recommended that proposed methods could be used in applying to estimation of bonding strength values of plywood panels.
Household Balance Sheets and Economic Crisis

This paper studies the economic impact of the current global economic downturn on the household sector. Household budgets can be negatively affected by declines in nominal wages and increases in unemployment. We empirically test this effect for the small open emerging economy. As a result of a lack of individual data on household finances, micro data are simulated. Our analysis clearly shows that there is a significant additional decline in consumption related to an increase in household default rates and unemployment. We find that potential household insolvencies have important implications for the financial system as well as for the macroeconomy.