Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Machine Learning Technique Based on Straight Line Segments

This paper presents a new supervised machine learning technique based on distances between points and straight lines segments. Basically, given a training data set, this technique estimates a function where its value is calculated using the distance between points and two sets of straight line segments. A training algorithm has been developed to find these sets of straight line segments that minimize the mean square error. This technique has been applied on two real pattern recognition problems: (1) breast cancer data set to classify tumors as benign or malignant; (2) wine data set to classify wines in one of the three different cultivators from which they could be derived. This technique was also tested with two artificial data sets in order to show its ability to solve approximation function problems. The obtained results show that this technique has a good performance in all of these problems and they indicate that it is a good candidate to be used in machine learning applications
Automatic generation of efficient string matching algorithms by generalized partial computation

This paper shows that Generalized Partial Computation (GPC) can automatically generate efficient string matching algorithms. GPC is a program transformation method utilizing partial information about input data and auxiliary functions as well as the logical structure of a source program. GPC uses both a classical partial evaluator and an inference engine such as a theorem prover to optimize programs. First, we show that a Boyer-Moore (BM) type pattern matcher without the bad-character heuristic can be generated from a simple non-linear backward matcher by GPC. This sort of problems has already been discussed in the literature using offline partial evaluators. However, there was no proof that every generated matcher runs in the same way as the BM. In this paper we prove that the problem can be solved starting from a simple non-linear pattern matcher as a source program. We also prove that a Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) type linear string matcher can be generated from a naive non-linear forward matcher by GPC.
Polynomial bounds for the grid-minor theorem

One of the key results in Robertson and Seymour's seminal work on graph minors is the Grid-Minor Theorem (also called the Excluded Grid Theorem). The theorem states that for every fixed-size grid H, every graph whose treewidth is large enough, contains H as a minor. This theorem has found many applications in graph theory and algorithms. Let f(k) denote the largest value, such that every graph of treewidth k contains a grid minor of size f(k) × f(k). The best current quantitative bound, due to recent work of Kawarabayashi and Kobayashi [15], and Leaf and Seymour [18], shows that f(k) = Ω(√logk/loglogk). In contrast, the best known upper bound implies that f(k) = O(√k/logk) [22]. In this paper we obtain the first polynomial relationship between treewidth and grid-minor size by showing that f(k) = Ω(kδ) for some fixed constant δ > 0, and describe an algorithm, whose running time is polynomial in |V (G)| and k, that finds a model of such a grid-minor in G.
Subclavian Venous Thrombectomy

PRIMARY deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity is a relatively rare condition which frequently occurs following some type of exceptional effort or activity involving the limb. The entity is usually characterized by the sudden onset of pain, swelling, dilated superficial veins, and red to blue discoloration of the entire arm. Although many patients will improve rapidly with elevation of the arm and anticoagulants, a significant number may develop complications. Pulmonary embolism occurs in as many as 12% of patients, gangrene of the hand has been seen, and over twothirds of patients have significant residual or recurrent symptoms of limb pain, easy fatiguability, or superficial phlebitis. ' In the hope of preventing these complications, various surgical procedures have been advocated including venolysis, scalenotomy, excision of the venous segment, perivenous sympathectomy, multiple incisions in the arm, and thrombectomy.2 Of these measures, thrombectomy would theoretically provide the best means of restoring normal circulation and preventing complications. The first successful removal of a thrombus from the subelavian and axillary veins followed by a closure of the venotomy was described by Bazy in 1926;3 the vein was not ligated nor was a venous segment removed. A few attempts to restore normal blood flow in this manner have since been described, usually with good results.4-12 During the past 12 years we have had the opportunity to perform venous thrombectomy of the upper extremity on six occasions in five
The Possibility of TBC1D21 as a Candidate Gene for Teat Numbers in Pigs

Based on a quantitative traits locus (QTL) study using a F2 intercross between Landrace and Korean native pigs, a significant QTL affecting teat numbers in SSC7 was identified. The strong positional candidate gene, TBC1D21, was selected due to its biological function for epithelial mesenchymal cell development. Sequence analysis revealed six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TBC1D21 gene. Among these, two SNP markers, one silent mutation (SNP01) for g.13,050A>G and one missense mutation (SNP04) for c.829A>T (S277C), were genotyped and they showed significant associations with teat number traits (p value = 6.38E-05 for SNP01 and p value = 1.06E-07 for SNP04 with total teat numbers). Further functional validation of these SNPs could give valuable information for understanding the teat number variation in pigs.
Comparison Between Spinal and General Anesthesia in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Background Hemodynamic stability and blood loss reduction are subjects to further consideration in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNCL). Objectives This study compared the preference of spinal anaesthesia (SA) or general anaesthesia (GA) in respect to mentioned concerns. Patients and Methods In this randomized clinical trial, 59 patients who underwent PCNL divided into SA and GA groups. 15-20 mg from intra-thecal bupivacaine 0.5%, and premedication of 0.01-0.02 mg from midazolam, were given to patients in SA group (n = 29). Patients in GA group (n = 30) received premedication of 1-2 µg/kg from fentanyl and 0.01-0.02 mg/kg from midazolam, and intravenously anaesthetized with 100 µg/kg/min of propofol and 0.5 mg/kg of atracurium, given by continuous infusion and N2O/O2 50%. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were recorded intra-operatively and during recovery. Results MAP and heart rate show no significant differences at designated time points between two groups (P > 0.05). Surgery time, anesthesia time, bleeding volume, and analgesic intake were significantly reduced in SA group (P < 0.05). Conclusions It seems that, in patients undergoing PNCL, SA is as effective and safe as GA. Patients who undergo PNCL under SA require smaller amounts of analgesic dose and show hemodynamic stability during surgery and recovery time. Also, SA technique provides decreased blood loss and shortened surgery as well as anesthesia times compared to GA.
Nav1.9 Channel Contributes to Mechanical and Heat Pain Hypersensitivity Induced by Subacute and Chronic Inflammation

Inflammation is known to be responsible for the sensitization of peripheral sensory neurons, leading to spontaneous pain and invalidating pain hypersensitivity. Given its role in regulating neuronal excitability, the voltage-gated Nav1.9 channel is a potential target for the treatment of pathological pain, but its implication in inflammatory pain is yet not fully described. In the present study, we examined the role of the Nav1.9 channel in acute, subacute and chronic inflammatory pain using Nav1.9-null mice and Nav1.9 knock-down rats. In mice we found that, although the Nav1.9 channel does not contribute to basal pain thresholds, it plays an important role in heat pain hypersensitivity induced by subacute paw inflammation (intraplantar carrageenan) and chronic ankle inflammation (complete Freund's adjuvant-induced monoarthritis). We showed for the first time that Nav1.9 also contributes to mechanical hypersensitivity in both models, as assessed using von Frey and dynamic weight bearing tests. Consistently, antisense-based Nav1.9 gene silencing in rats reduced carrageenan-induced heat and mechanical pain hypersensitivity. While no changes in Nav1.9 mRNA levels were detected in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) during subacute and chronic inflammation, a significant increase in Nav1.9 immunoreactivity was observed in ipsilateral DRGs 24 hours following carrageenan injection. This was correlated with an increase in Nav1.9 immunolabeling in nerve fibers surrounding the inflamed area. No change in Nav1.9 current density could be detected in the soma of retrolabeled DRG neurons innervating inflamed tissues, suggesting that newly produced channels may be non-functional at this level and rather contribute to the observed increase in axonal transport. Our results provide evidence that Nav1.9 plays a crucial role in the generation of heat and mechanical pain hypersensitivity, both in subacute and chronic inflammatory pain models, and bring new elements for the understanding of its regulation in those models.
Chemical and Biological Composition of Suspended Particles and Aggregates in the Baltic Sea in Summer (1999)

Suspended particles and particle aggregates, which formed from concentrated field samples on the roller table, were characterized biologically and chemically along a transect through the Baltic Sea in summer 1999. Phytoplankton composition in field samples was dominated by cyanobacteria, including the filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon ‘ baltica’, Nodularia spumigena and Anabaena spp. These species formed aggregates together with diatoms, mainly Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros spp. and with dinoflagellates, mainly withDinophysis norvegica . Compared to the Redfield ratio, concentration ratios of particulate organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, [POC]:[PON]:[POP], indicated an enrichment of carbon, especially in aggregates. However, regression analysis indicated a higher production rate of PON relative to POP and POC and significant background concentrations of POC. In field samples the concentration of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) varied around 200 μg Xanthan Equiv. l−1 and comprised a volume fraction of 2–7 ppm and an abundance of about 105 TEP ml−1. TEP were enriched in aggregates as inferred from volume ratios of TEP to conventional particles. It is suggested, that TEP contribute substantially to the background concentration of POC, while the high production rate of PON is attributed to nitrogen fixation of diazotrophic cyanobacteria.
Efficient anomaly monitoring over moving object trajectory streams

Lately there exist increasing demands for online abnormality monitoring over trajectory streams, which are obtained from moving object tracking devices. This problem is challenging due to the requirement of high speed data processing within limited space cost. In this paper, we present a novel framework for monitoring anomalies over continuous trajectory streams. First, we illustrate the importance of distance-based anomaly monitoring over moving object trajectories. Then, we utilize the local continuity characteristics of trajectories to build local clusters upon trajectory streams and monitor anomalies via efficient pruning strategies. Finally, we propose a piecewise metric index structure to reschedule the joining order of local clusters to further reduce the time cost. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our methods.
A radiative neutrino mass model with hidden gauge symmetry inducing semi-annihilating dark matter

We propose two-loop neutrino mass model with gauged hidden $U(1)$ symmetry, and discuss a Majorana type of dark matter candidate that has semi-annihilation processes in the relic density as well as lepton flavor violations and muon anomalous magnetic moment. Also, we demonstrate global analysis to satisfy neutrino oscillation data, lepton flavor violations, and relic density of dark matter candidate and show that semi-annihilation modes play a crucial role in finding observed relic density.
What and Where in Visual Working Memory: A Computational Neurodynamical Perspective for Integrating fMRI and Single-Neuron Data

Single-neuron recordings, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, and the effects of lesions indicate that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in some types of working memory and related cognitive processes. Based on these data, two different models of the topographical and functional organization of the PFC have been proposed: organization-by-stimulus-domain, and organization-by-process. In this article, we utilize an integrate-and-fire network to model both single-neuron and fMRI data on short-term memory in order to understand data obtained in topologically different parts of the PFC during working memory tasks. We explicitly model the mechanisms that underlie workingmemory-related activity during the execution of delay tasks that have a what-then-where design (with both object and spatial delayed responses within the same trial). The model contains different populations of neurons (as found experimentally) in attractor networks that respond in the delay period to the stimulus object, the stimulus position, and to combinations of both object and position information. The pools are arranged hierarchically and have global inhibition through inhibitory interneurons to implement competition. It is shown that a biasing attentional input to define the current relevant information (object or location) enables the system to select the correct neuronal populations during the delay period in what is a biased competition model of attention. The processes occurring at the AMPA and NMDA synapses are dynamically modeled in the integrate-and-fire implementation to produce realistic spiking dynamics. It is shown that the fMRI data characteristic of the dorsal PFC and linked to spatial processing and manipulation of items can be reproduced in the model by a high level of inhibition, whereas the fMRI data characteristic of the ventral PFC and linked to object processing can be produced by a lower level of inhibition, even though the network is itself topographically homogeneous with no spatial topology of the neurons. This article, thus, not only presents a model for how spatial versus object short-term memory could be implemented in the PFC, but also shows that the fMRI BOLD signal measured during such tasks from different parts of the PFC could reflect a higher level of inhibition dorsally, without this dorsal region necessarily being primarily spatial and the ventral region object-related.
Study on Finite Element Models of Heroshaper, ProTaper and Mtwo Endodontic File Segments

 Abstract : Endodontic files are used for shaping and cleaning purpose during the root canal treatment of infected tooth. These files are made from nickel-titanium orthodontic wire alloy or Nitinol that has high strength and more flexibility as compared to stainless steel. The aim of present research work is to study flexibility of Heroshaper, ProTaper and Mtwo endodontic file segments when subjected to torsion and bending loads and to identify most flexible cross section using finite element method. Non linear material behaviour is considered during the analysis. Various results are obtained in form of equivalent von-Mises stress, which are presented in the form of contours & charts. Discussion is presented on suitability of cross section under bending and torsional loads and effect on flexibility of endodontic file.
Semi-Supervised Recognition of Sarcasm in Twitter and Amazon

Sarcasm is a form of speech act in which the speakers convey their message in an implicit way. The inherently ambiguous nature of sarcasm sometimes makes it hard even for humans to decide whether an utterance is sarcastic or not. Recognition of sarcasm can benefit many sentiment analysis NLP applications, such as review summarization, dialogue systems and review ranking systems. In this paper we experiment with semi-supervised sarcasm identification on two very different data sets: a collection of 5.9 million tweets collected from Twitter, and a collection of 66000 product reviews from Amazon. Using the Mechanical Turk we created a gold standard sample in which each sentence was tagged by 3 annotators, obtaining F-scores of 0.78 on the product reviews dataset and 0.83 on the Twitter dataset. We discuss the differences between the datasets and how the algorithm uses them (e.g., for the Amazon dataset the algorithm makes use of structured information). We also discuss the utility of Twitter #sarcasm hashtags for the task.
Restricted Accumulation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Products in a Plasmalemmal Subdomain during Fcγ Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is a highly localized and rapid event, requiring the generation of spatially and temporally restricted signals. Because phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) plays an important role in the innate immune response, we studied the generation and distribution of 3′ phosphoinositides (3′PIs) in macrophages during the course of phagocytosis. The presence of 3′PI was monitored noninvasively in cells transfected with chimeras of green fluorescent protein and the pleckstrin homology domain of either Akt, Btk, or Gab1. Although virtually undetectable in unstimulated cells, 3′PI rapidly accumulated at sites of phagocytosis. This accumulation was sharply restricted to the phagosomal cup, with little 3′PI detectable in the immediately adjacent areas of the plasmalemma. Measurements of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching were made to estimate the mobility of lipids in the cytosolic monolayer of the phagosomal membrane. Stimulation of phagocytic receptors induced a marked reduction of lipid mobility that likely contributes to the restricted distribution of 3′PI at the cup. 3′PI accumulation during phagocytosis was transient, terminating shortly after sealing of the phagosomal vacuole. Two factors contribute to the rapid disappearance of 3′PI: the dissociation of the type I PI3K from the phagosomal membrane and the persistent accumulation of phosphoinositide phosphatases.
Elastic stateful stream processing in storm

The advent of the Big Data era and the diffusion of Cloud computing have renewed the interest in Data Stream Processing (DSP) applications, which can timely extract useful information from distributed data sources. Due to the unpredictable rate at which the sources may produce data, DSP applications demand high dynamism. Storm has emerged as a widely adopted DSP system, which, although having many desirable features, shows some limitations due to the lack of adaptation capabilities. In this paper, we extend Storm with two mechanisms that support the run-time adaptation of DSP applications. Specifically, we introduce new components that allow automatic elasticity and stateful migration of the application components. The experimental results show the benefits of the newly introduced functionalities that, albeit equipped with proof of concept policies, allow to properly cope with workload variations while improving the resource utilization of the underlying infrastructure.
A single photon detector array with 64/spl times/64 resolution and millimetric depth accuracy for 3D imaging

An avalanche photodiode array uses single-photon counting to perform time-of-flight range-finding on a scene uniformly hit by 100ps 250mW uncollimated laser pulses. The 32/spl times/32 pixel sensor, fabricated in a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS process uses a microscanner package to enhance the effective resolution in the application to 64/spl times/64 pixels. The application achieves a measurement depth resolution of 1.3mm to a depth of 3.75m.
Finding and Characterizing Communities in Multidimensional Networks

Complex networks have been receiving increasing attention by the scientific community, also due to the availability of massive network data from diverse domains. One problem studied so far in complex network analysis is Community Discovery, i.e. the detection of group of nodes densely connected, or highly related. However, one aspect of such networks has been disregarded so far: real networks are often multidimensional, i.e. many connections may reside between any two nodes, either to reflect different kinds of relationships, or to connect nodes by different values of the same type of tie. In this context, the problem of Community Discovery has to be redefined, taking into account multidimensionality. In this paper, we attempt to do so, by defining the problem in the multidimensional context, and by introducing also a new measure able to characterize the communities found. We then provide a complete framework for finding and characterizing multidimensional communities. Our experiments on real world multidimensional networks support the methodology proposed in this paper, and open the way for a new class of algorithms, aimed at capturing the multifaceted complexity of connections among nodes in a network.
Comparative toxicology of naproxen.

Naproxen, 4-2-(6′-methoxy-2′-naphthyl)-propionic acid is a compound with demonstrated antiinflammatory activity. In preclinical toxicology studies, the acute oral toxicity was determined in mice, rats, hamsters and dogs. The values for these species in multiples of maximum human therapeutic dose were 107, 47, 357, and >87 respectively. Subacute oral dosing studies were done using mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, monkeys and pigs. These studies showed that repeated oral doses of naproxen were well tolerated by mice, rabbits, monkeys and pigs; less well so by rats and poorly by dogs. Based on these results and pharmacokinetic data, rats, monkeys and pigs were animals of choice for chronic studies. Rats given 2.6 times the human dose per day for 22 months had increased urinary volume, decreased body weight gain and a shorter survival time than control rats or rats given 0.2 or 0.9 times human dose per day. No meaningful changes were seen for monkeys given oral doses of 2.6, 7.8 or 10.4 times human per day for 6 mo.
Challenges of Real-World Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven its worth in a series of artificial domains, and is beginning to show some successes in real-world scenarios. However, much of the research advances in RL are often hard to leverage in real-world systems due to a series of assumptions that are rarely satisfied in practice. We present a set of nine unique challenges that must be addressed to productionize RL to real world problems. For each of these challenges, we specify the exact meaning of the challenge, present some approaches from the literature, and specify some metrics for evaluating that challenge. An approach that addresses all nine challenges would be applicable to a large number of real world problems. We also present an example domain that has been modified to present these challenges as a testbed for practical RL research.