Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEPRESSION BY RESERPINE OF THE NORADRENALINE CONCENTRATION IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF THE CAT

THE observation that reserpine causes a 'severe loss of 5-hydroxytryptamine from brain tissue (PLETSCHER, SHORE, and BRODIE, 1956; PAASONEN and VOGT, 1956) prompted the investigation of the effect of this drug on the noradrenaline content of brain. The region analysed was the hypothalamus, as its noradrenaline content is high and as the effect of reserpine on the 5-hydroxytryptamine of brain had been demonstrated on this region (PAASONEN and VOGT, 1956). Cats were used in which the left adrenal gland had been denervated in an aseptic operation under ether between twelve and twenty days before the experiment. This procedure allowed simultaneous observation of the noradrenaline content of the hypothalamus and of any central stimulation of the sympathetic system produced by the drug; such stimulation would appear as a difference in the amount of medullary amines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) found in the innervated and the denervated gland. The methods used have all been reported (VOGT, 1954) with the exception of the use of pithed rats (SHIPLEY and TILDEN. 1947) for some of the assays of noradrenaline and adrenaline; this preparation gives a steadier baseline than the anaesthetized rat treated with hexamethonium. Control experiments showed that small doses of reserpine, such as might be present in the brain extracts, did not interfere with the assays. The reserpine (Serpasil Ciba, ampoules of 2.5 mg/ml) was given i.p., and doses of the drug and duration of the experiments are shown in Table 1. They were the same as those found to release most of the 5-hydroxytryptamine from the hypothalamus of the dog. The results are presented in Table 1. Cats 1-3 belonged to a litter aged 44 months, cats 4 8 to a second litter of 14 months. Motility and posture were more seriously affected in the young than i n the adult mimals. The figures for the noradrenaline content of the hypothalamus are recorded in column 6: in column 7 they are expressed as percentages o f a mean of 1.4 pg/g fresh tissue (range 0.90-2.08 pg) obtained previously for twenty normal cats of all ages. Column 8 expresses the findings in litter 2 as percentages of the noradrenaline concentration found in cat 8, an uninjected control of the same litter. These figures are probably more reliable than those of column 7, as the variation within litters has previously been found to be small (VOGT, 1954). Irrespective of which calculation is chosen, the results leave no doubt that the injection of reserpine caused a loss in hypothalamic noradrenaline; the loss was very severe in the young kittens, less so in the adult animals. It was at least as great as that produced by large doses of morphine (VOGT, 1954). The effect of reserpine on the adrenal glands appears, howeker, to differ from that of morphine. After morphine.
Long‐term follow‐up for brain metastases treated by percutaneous stereotactic single high‐dose irradiation

Surgery is considered the treatment of choice for solitary brain lesions, and radiation therapy is indicated for metastases only in vital or sensitive regions that cannot be excised without risk of disabling neurologic defects. In these cases, radiosurgery may be an alternative to conventionally fractionated radiation therapy. At the Heidelberg linear accelerator‐based radiosurgery facility, 69 patients were treated for 102 inoperable brain metastases. The primary tumor sites included non‐small cell lung carcinoma (n = 24), renal cell carcinoma (n = 14), melanoma (skin) (n = 14), colorectal carcinoma (n = 6), carcinoma of unknown primary (n = 4), and others (n = 7). Eleven patients were treated for relapse after surgery or after conventional whole‐brain irradiation. The doses at the isocenter varied from 15–50 Gy (mean, 21.5 Gy). Ten patients with multiple metastases received a planned combination of whole‐brain irradiation plus a single boost of 15 Gy. The median survival time for the entire group was 6 months, with a 1‐year‐survival of 28.3%. Factors associated with significant improvement of survival were brain metastases without other metastatic disease and good response to radiation therapy. Five of 22 patients (22.9%) with metastases located only in the brain survived longer than 2 years. An improvement in neurologic function was found in 81% within a period of 3 months. With imaging techniques, complete remission was found in 20%, partial remission in 35%, stable disease in 40%, and relapse in 5%. The authors concluded that radiosurgery is an effective and safe therapy for brain metastases. It can be applied as primary treatment, as boost in combination with whole‐brain irradiation, or as treatment for patients with relapse in a previously irradiated field.
Inward international activities in service firms ‐ illustrated by three cases from the tourism industry

Suggests that most research on internationalization of service firms has investigated how companies over time have developed their outward business operations. Finds, however, that some service firms, especially within the tourism industry, have chosen another way of handling international business operations, namely by marketing their services abroad, often helped by middlemen such as tour operators and travel agents, expecting customers to come to their home country where services are produced and consequently must be consumed. Uses three cases to describe and analyse the process of “inward internationalization”, and to illustrate how the inward international activities may be carried out.
Gaining and Losing Pieces of the Supply Chain

SUMMARY This research focused on changes in supply chain responsibilities. The primary research question was: What are the reasons (drivers) for major changes in supply chain responsibilities? Over 200 such changes, comprising 158 additions and 44 deletions, were documented in the research. The findings are based on 10 case studies in large multi-business unit companies, seven head quartered in the United States and three in Europe, representing a variety of industries. Findings indicated three drivers of change for supply chain responsibilities. The chief purchasing officer and his or her staff members had a great deal of influence, particularly in additions to category 1 (acquisition of specific organizational needs) and category 2 (activities within the total supply chain).
Determinants and effect of livelihood diversification among small-scale poultry farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria

Promotion of rural income diversification continues to gain widespread support in poverty reduction strategy discourse in the developing countries. This study examined diversification of rural livelihood among small-scale poultry farmers in Oyo state, Nigeria. The study utilized data from a sampled survey of 104 small-scale poultry farming households to establish the effect of diversification of livelihood on poultry production and factors determining diversification of income among the poultry farmers in the study area. Results showed that majority of the farmers are male, married, and young with mean age of 44.35 years. The average year of schooling of the farmers was 10.3 years and mean farming experience is 7.52 years. Approximately 46% of the farmers have access to credit and 44.2% are member of cooperative society. The results showed that, at the 1% level, there is significant difference between farm size of farmers with other sources of income and the farmers without any other source of income. Farm size is significantly and positively related to non-poultry income, education and farming experience among the smallholder poultry farmers at 10% level of significance. The major determinant of livelihood diversification includes education level of households head, household size, access to credit and cooperative society
Demand for Imported Meat in Greece: A Source-Differentiated Almost Ideal Demand System Approach

Greece is self-sufficient in crop production but it relies heavily on meat and dairy imports. The Greek balance of trade for agricultural products was steadily deficit due to the heavy imports of meat and dairy products. In this study the restricted source differentiated AIDS was employed in order to study the demand of imported meat. The results is indicted that Germany and France have the most to gain from a Greek exit from the financial crisis which it will lead to an expansion in beef and pork market. Moreover, the results indicate that in the pork market Germany and France has a comparative advantage to Denmark and Netherlands.
Creating Linkages between the Labour Market and Agricultural Higher Education in Iran

Employment of agriculture graduates in Iran is a major problem that needs to be addressed. There are three main issues: lack of robust strategies for linking agricultural higher education and the labour market, the lack of relevance of agricultural curricula to the real needs of the labour market, and diminishing levels of government services for the recruitment of graduates. The aim of the research reported in this paper was to identify effective strategies and mechanisms for establishing and maintaining partnerships between academia and the labour market, with a view to improving the employment prospects of agriculture graduates. The study used both quantitative and qualitative data and focused on agriculture graduates and faculty members of the Bu-Ali-Sina University in Iran and employers in different sectors of agriculture. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that six key mechanisms – managerial, support, information provision, research, collaboration and spatial (infrastructure facilities) – could help to link the university more effectively with the labour market.
Automatic external defibrillators for public access defibrillation: recommendations for specifying and reporting arrhythmia analysis algorithm performance, incorporating new waveforms, and enhancing safety. A statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association Task Force on Automa

These recommendations are presented to enhance the safety and efficacy of AEDs intended for public access. The task force recommends that manufacturers present developmental and validation data on their own devices, emphasizing high sensitivity for shockable rhythms and high specificity for nonshockable rhythms. Alternative defibrillation waveforms may reduce energy requirements, reducing the size and weight of the device. The highest levels of safety for public access defibrillation are needed. Safe and effective use of AEDs that are widely available and easily handled by nonmedical personnel has the potential to dramatically increase survival from cardiac arrest.
The Arabidopsis Class III Peroxidase AtPRX71 Negatively Regulates Growth under Physiological Conditions and in Response to Cell Wall Damage1[OPEN]

An Arabidopsis peroxidase promotes the production of reactive oxygen species and negatively regulates growth during physiological development and in response to alterations of cell wall integrity. The structure of the cell wall has a major impact on plant growth and development, and alteration of cell wall structural components is often detrimental to biomass production. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these negative effects are largely unknown. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. Here, we show that expression of Arabidopsis PEROXIDASE71 (AtPRX71), encoding a class III peroxidase, strongly increases in 35S:AnPGII and qua2-1 plants as well as in response to treatments with the cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben, which also impairs cell wall integrity. Analysis of atprx71 loss-of-function mutants and plants overexpressing AtPRX71 indicates that this gene negatively influences Arabidopsis growth at different stages of development, likely limiting cell expansion. The atprx71-1 mutation partially suppresses the dwarf phenotype of qua2-1, suggesting that AtPRX71 contributes to the growth defects observed in plants undergoing cell wall damage. Furthermore, AtPRX71 seems to promote the production of reactive oxygen species in qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben. We propose that AtPRX71 contributes to strengthen cell walls, therefore restricting cell expansion, during normal growth and in response to cell wall damage.
An Evolutionary Trace Algorithm for Constructing Malware Lineages

An important problem in malware forensics is generating a partial ordering of a collection of variants of a malware program, reflecting a history of the malware’s evolution as it is adapted by the original or new authors. We present new work extending our results on the malware lineage problem originally presented at FLAIRS 2013. We provide a new algorithm for reconstructing malware lineages with and without branch and merge events. This algorithm incorporates two innovations – the evaluation of candidate evolutionary traces based on candidate sets of feature accretion events and a machine-learning inspired approach to reducing overexplanation in the final lineage. The evolutionary trace algorithm is evaluated on several small families of malware whose ground truth lineage is known.
Improving child survival: Malnutrition Task Force and the paediatrician’s responsibility

Malnutrition (underweight) contributes to approximately 60% of all child deaths, yet health professionals, policy makers, and donor agencies often fail to recognise its relevance to child survival. There is a need for the paediatric community to champion the importance of adequate nutrition for normal growth and development, and of placing sufficient emphasis on the prevention and treatment of malnutrition. Many severely malnourished children die from inappropriate treatment. Case fatality rates of 25–30% are commonly found and in some hospitals as many as 50–70% will die. Many of these deaths are avoidable. Weaknesses in health systems, inappropriate training of doctors and nurses, inadequate supervision, and lack of support for staff all contribute to compromised quality of care. The International Union of Nutritional Sciences, with support from the International Pediatric Association, Launched a global Malnutrition Task Force in 2005. The main objective is to ensure that an integrated system of prevention and treatment of malnutrition is actively supported as a fundamental aspect of care, and becomes an integral part of all training programmes.
Combining Local and Related Context for Word Sense Disambiguation on Specific Domains

In this paper an approach for word sense disambiguation in documents is presented. For Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), the local and related context for an ambiguous word is extracted, such context is used for retrieve second order vectors from WordNet. Thus two graphs are built at the same time and evaluated individually, finally both results are combined to automatically assign the correct sense for the ambiguous word. The proposed approach was tested on the task #17 of the SemEval 2010 international competition producing promising results compared to other approaches.
Supply chain risk prioritisation using a hybrid AHP and PROMETHEE approach

Supply chain is a network of facilities designed to procure, produce, and distribute goods to customers at right quantities, to the right locations and at the right time. Supply chain studies are focused for improving the operational efficiency through cost reduction. In recent years, supply chains have become increasingly vulnerable to risks resulting in poor financial performance and customer service. Managing the supply chain risks is a challenging task. Resilience and responsiveness-based strategies are being attempted to build a robust supply chain. To select and evaluate the appropriate mitigation strategies, supply chain risks are to be prioritised. Supply chain risk prioritisation is a multi criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. Developing the MCDM models for supply chain risk prioritisation need attention. In this research a hybrid analytic hierarch process (AHP) and preference ranking organisation method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) approach is proposed for supply chain risk prioritisation. A case example of a typical plastic industry is presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Comparison of complications following tibial tuberosity advancement and tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in very large and giant dogs 50 kg or more in body weight

Summary Objectives: To analyse and compare major complications in dogs ≥50 kg undergoing tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) or tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease. Methods: Medical records and radiographs of client-owned dogs (≥50 kg) treated for cranial cruciate ligament disease with either TTA or TPLO between January 2011 and November 2015 were reviewed. Ninety-one TTA cases and 54 TPLO cases met the study inclusion criteria. All complications within one year of surgery were recorded. Major complications were those requiring surgical revision or intervening medical therapy to resolve. Logistic regression analysis evaluated for associations with major complication occurrence. Major complications were statistically compared between TTA and TPLO treatment groups. Results: Incidence of major complications following TTA and TPLO surgery were 19.8% and 27.8%, respectively. Surgical site infection (SSI) was the single most common major complication following both TTA (15.4%) and TPLO (25.9%) surgery. There were no significant differences between TTA and TPLO treatment regarding the rate of SSI, surgical revision, or overall occurrence of major complications. Postoperative antibiotic therapy significantly reduced the risk of a major complication in all dogs ≥50 kg (p = 0.015; OR: 0.201: 95%CI: 0.055–0.737). Clinical significance: Major complications occurred frequently following TTA and TPLO treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs ≥50 kg. The increased chance for SSI should be considered and postoperative antibiotic therapy is recommended.
Identifying and analyzing touchpoints for building a higher education brand

In today's instantly interconnected world, sectors like higher education, which were once considered safe havens, are now being exposed to competitive forces. Education is an experiential service where the active involvement of both the service provider (higher education brand) and the consumer (student) is important. This research paper identifies 13 influencing touchpoints during the various stages of the educational journey – pre-admission stage, course stage and post-passing as alumnus stage.
In vitro packaging of bacteriophage T7 DNA requires ATP

Removal of nucleoside triphosphates from extracts prepared from bacteriophage T7-infected Escherichia coli results in a stringent requirement for added ATP to form infective phage particles by in vitro packaging of bacteriophage T7 DNA. Optimal packaging efficiency was achieved at a concentration of about 1.25 mM. Other nucleoside triphosphates could be substituted for ATP, but none of the common nucleoside triphosphates was as effective as ATP in promoting in vitro encapsulation.
Estrogen receptor polymorphisms and the risk of endometrial cancer

Objective There is evidence that estrogens and some of their metabolites are involved in endometrial cancer pathogenesis. As estrogens mediate their effects via the estrogen receptors, ESR1 and ESR2, the objective of this investigation was to determine whether six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these two genes were over‐represented in a population of endometrial cancer patients compared with a healthy matched control population, thereby associating differences in these genes with endometrial cancer.
Food banks, welfare, and food insecurity in Canada

Purpose – Similar to the recent emergence of food banks in other affluent nations, the genesis and ultimate entrenchment of food banks in Canada has been tightly intertwined with the dismantling of the welfare state. Through an examination of Canadian data, the authors elucidate the implications of entrenching voluntary, extra-governmental, charitable food assistance programs as an adjunct to publicly funded social assistance programs. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Publicly available food bank reports, population health survey data, and the results of a study of low-income families in Toronto are reviewed to examine the food security status of social assistance recipients and their use of food banks. Findings – In 2012, 70 percent of households in Canada who were reliant on social assistance were food insecure. Social assistance recipients comprise at least half of food bank clientele and have done so for as long as this information has been tracked, but the assista.
Advanced circuit interface for systems with multiple voltage domains

—Multi-level voltage scaling is one of the most effective techniques for reducing power without sacriﬁcing speed in an integrated circuit (IC). However, additional circuitry is required at the interfaces of the circuit blocks which operate at different voltage levels. These circuits impose a signiﬁcant delay overhead and restrict the use of multi-voltage scaling at blocks where critical paths traverse their interfaces. A by-pass circuit is proposed to alleviate these timing issues under speciﬁc operation conditions. The new circuit results in signiﬁcant performance improvements of up to 89% and power reduction up to 52% compared to a traditional feedback-based level-up shifter in a 32 nm technology node. Furthermore, greater performance and power savings are demonstrated when more cells are being by-passed, such as the isolation cells.
A Synthesised Service Quality Model with Managerial Implications

A synthesised service quality model with managerial implications is presented. This synthesised model is based on the works of the Nordic and the North American schools of service research. The model presents the overall service quality gap as a result of both technical and functional quality gaps. The core of the synthesised model is the idea that management must determine both what customers expect and how they expect to get it. Management must plan, implement and control the service offering to limit, reduce, or eliminate service quality gaps.
Strategies for Introducing Marketing into Nonprofit Organizations

Marketing is a topic of growing interest to nonprofit organization managers as their organizations confront new, complex marketplace problems. These institution heads are taking their first, tentative steps toward marketing, often confusing it with its advertising and selling sub-functions. Nonprofit institutions can introduce marketing in a number of ways, such as appointing a marketing committee or task force, hiring an advertising agency or marketing research firm, hiring a marketing consultant, or appointing a marketing director or marketing vice president.
Quality control of subcontractor management in wafer foundry

Semiconductor manufacturing process is becoming more and more complex. Therefore, many integrated circuit design houses are transforming direct supply chain management to wafer foundry subcontract management for backend supply lines. The service provided by foundry is known as turnkey service. To ensure the quality of packaged product, a robust backend subcontractor quality control system is quite important for foundry. In this article, we introduce the establishment of the quality system, which includes the stages of subcontractor qualification, production monitoring, and periodical review. The methodologies used in each stage are described. The collaboration between foundry and backend subcontractor enhances the supply chain operation. The overall quality level meanwhile has been significantly improved.