Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DTAM: dynamic taint analysis of multi-threaded programs for relevancy

Testing and debugging multi-threaded programs are notoriously difficult due to non-determinism not only in inputs but also in OS schedules. In practice, dynamic analysis and failure replay systems instrument the program to record events of interest in the test execution, e.g., program inputs, accesses to shared objects, synchronization operations, context switches, etc. To reduce the overhead of logging during runtime, these testing and debugging efforts have proposed tradeoffs for sampling or selective logging, at the cost of reducing coverage or performing more expensive search offline. We propose to identify a subset of input sources and shared objects that are, in a sense, relevant for covering program behavior. We classify various types of relevancy in terms of how an input source or a shared object can affect control flow (e.g., a conditional branch) or dataflow (e.g., state of the shared objects) in the program. Such relevancy data can be used by testing and debugging methods to reduce their recording overhead and to guide coverage. To conduct relevancy analysis, we propose a novel framework based on <u>d</u>ynamic <u>t</u>aint <u>a</u>nalysis for <u>m</u>ulti-threaded programs, called DTAM. It performs thread-modular taint analysis for each thread in parallel during runtime, and then aggregates the thread-modular results offline. This approach has many advantages: (a) it is faster than conducting taint analysis for serialized multi-threaded executions, (b) it can compute results for alternate thread interleavings by generalizing the observed execution, and (c) it provides a knob to tradeoff precision with coverage, depending on how thread-modular results are aggregated to account for alternate interleavings. We have implemented DTAM and performed an experimental evaluation on publicly available benchmarks for relevancy analysis. Our experiments show that most shared accesses and conditional branches are dependent on some program input sources. Interestingly in our test runs, on average, only about 25% input sources and 3% shared objects affect other shared accesses through conditional branches. Thus, it is important to identify such relevant input sources and shared objects for testing and debugging.
Sidelobe Suppression for OFDM-Based Cognitive Radios Using Constellation Expansion

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for reducing sidelobe interference power levels in OFDM-based cognitive radios. Existing techniques for sidelobe suppression can be computationally intensive when determining the complex-valued amplitude levels for the cancellation subcarriers. Exploiting the fact that different sequences have different sidelobe power levels, the proposed algorithm employs a constellation expansion-based iterative approach in order to suppress the sidelobe power levels. An important advantage of the proposed technique is that, no side information needs to be transmitted. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can be employed in a wide range of operating conditions at the cost of a slight increase in the bit error rate and the peak-to-average power ratio characteristics.
Snowfall detection under bad visibility scene

An effect of weather is very critical in outdoor camera surveillance applications. So, we focus on bad weather by snow and we propose an algorithm of detecting snowfall from surveillance camera images. The proposed algorithm increases a contrast of an image by haze removal. A contrast of hazy image is reduced by haze color of atmosphere. When several haze colors exist in an image, the degree of contrast degradation is different for each haze color. To deal with this problem, the proposed method performs segmentation of an image for every haze color and estimates the airlight, the transmission, and the weight of dehaze in each segmentation area individually. Most of haze removal algorithms require a tone curve correction as post processing. However, it is very difficult to select an optimal tone curve correction for any image. To deal with this problem, we propose a novel algorithm that does not require any tone curve correction. The general haze removal algorithm treats only haze image. However, in the field of outdoor camera surveillance, it's desirable to realize the algorithm which can be applied to various weather conditions. Our algorithm can detect snowfall at high speed and stably not only in bad weather but also in good weather.
An Evaluation of the Relationship among Emotional Intelligence, SOAR, and Collaboration: Implications for Teams

There is a need to develop a climate of collaboration in today’s business culture due to the rapid expansion of a global environment of open communication, cooperative work, and an expanded consideration of consumer markets. In order to improve collaboration at all levels of the organization, it is essential that professionals acquire emotional intelligence (EI)—the ability to develop awareness and management of emotions in themselves and others. Research suggests that EI has the ability to impact performance outcomes in organizations, in particular those in which successful negotiation, cohesion, and collaboration is desired. Furthermore, it is important that teams collaborate from a strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results (SOAR)-based perspective that maximizes collaborative strategies that are inclusive. The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate the relationships between EI, SOAR, and collaboration among a sample of professionals either actively working in teams or who have had recent experience working in teams. A sample of 308 participants completed the 16-item Work Group Emotional Intelligence Profile-Short Form (WEIPS), the 12-item SOAR Profile, and the nine-item Team Collaboration Questionnaire. This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design with moderating and mediating variables to test the prediction of collaboration by EI, the moderation of the EIcollaboration relationship by team role, team type, and time in teams, and the mediation of the EI-collaboration relationship by SOAR. Data analysis using multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) with bootstrapped confidence intervals found EI was a significant predictor of collaboration, the impact of EI on
Development of an Instrument for Assessment of Social Interaction Skills in Occupational Therapy

The assessment and the training of social interaction skills have traditionally been a part of occupational therapy practice. However, few existing evaluation tools have been designed specifically to measure social interaction skills in natural situations. The aim of this study was to develop and examine the validity of an occupational therapy instrument for evaluating social interaction performance. The model of social interaction developed by Doble & Magill-Evans [1] was used as the basis for constructing an instrument designed to be consistent with the construction of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills [2]. Twelve occupational therapists, trained in administering the new instrument, scored videotaped interaction situations and direct observations from clinical practice. Many faceted Rasch analysis of the raw data revealed that the instrument can be used for valid assessment of social interaction performance of persons who vary in social interaction ability. The analysis also revealed that a few.
Discrete Lattice Wavelet Transform

The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has gained a wide acceptance in denoising and compression coding of images and signals. In this work we introduce a discrete lattice wavelet transform (DLWT). In the analysis part, the lattice structure contains two parallel transmission channels, which exchange information via two crossed lattice filters. For the synthesis part we show that the similar lattice structure yields a perfect reconstruction (PR) property. The PR condition can be used to design half-band filters, which effectively eliminate aliasing in decimated tree structured wavelet transform. The DLWT can be implemented directly to any of the existing DWT algorithms
Is the 32-kDa fragment the functional enamelin unit in all species?

Enamelin is an extracellular enamel matrix protein essential for normal amelogenesis. After secretion, porcine enamelin is processed to generate several enamelin-degradation products. The cumulative 32-kDa enamelin is the most abundant enamelin present, and various roles for this molecule have been suggested. However, the proteolytic cleavage sites in porcine enamelin that generate the 32-kDa enamelin are not conserved across species, and the 32-kDa enamelin analogue may not be present in all species. To explore this we studied rat enamelin biochemistry using western blotting with anti-peptide IgGs to porcine 32-kDa enamelin and to the putative rat 32-kDa enamelin analogue. The dominant enamelins in secretory-stage rat enamel migrated at around 60–70 kDa. In contrast, the dominant enamelins in secretory-stage porcine enamel migrated at around 32 kDa. In contrast, secretory-stage porcine-enamel enamelins were dominated by the 32-kDa enamelin. Rat enamelin was completely removed from maturation-stage enamel without any accumulation of 32-kDa enamelin. We suggest that a discrete 32-kDa enamelin is not essential for normal amelogenesis in all species, and in pig it may be a processing product of a larger functional enamelin molecule. The pig may be an atypical model in terms of enamelin biochemistry and function, and caution should be exercised when assigning functional roles to the 32-kDa enamelin as a discrete enamel matrix entity.
MimicHunter: A General Passive Network Protocol Mimicry Detection Framework

Network based intrusions and information theft events are becoming more and more popular today. To bypass the network security devices such as firewall, intrusion detection/prevention system (IDS/IPS) and web application firewall, attackers use evasive techniques to circumvent them, of which protocol mimicry is a very useful approach. The technique camouflages malicious communications as common protocols or generally innocent applications to avoid network security audit, which has been widely used in advanced Trojans, botnets, as well as anonymous communication systems, bringing a great challenge to current network management and security. To this end, we propose a general network protocol mimicry behavior discovery framework named MimicHunter to detect such evasive masquerade behaviors, which exploits protocol structure and state transition verifications, as well as primary protocol behavior elements. Experiment results on several datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in practice. Besides, MimicHunter is flexible in deployment and can be easily implemented in passive detection systems with only a little cost compared with the active methods.
CONFLITOS DE USO DA TERRA NAS APPs HÍDRICAS DE MANANCIAL DA ZONA DA MATA MINEIRA, BRASIL

Este artigo discutiu os conflitos de uso da terra nas áreas de preservação permanente (APPs) hídricas da Bacia de Contribuição da Represa Dr. João Penido em Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil. Esta Represa pode abastecer até 65% do município na estação seca. A ênfase na APP hídrica justifica-se por cumprir diversos serviços ambientais, pela maior facilidade de ocupação e pela tendência histórica de urbanização sobre estas áreas. A metodologia constou de revisão conceitual, busca das legislações associadas e elaboração de base de dados através do Programa ArcGIS 10.2. Os resultados mostraram que mais de 40% das APPs hídricas estão ocupadas com pastagem e pastagem degradada. Cerca de apenas 20% estão ocupadas com Mata Atlântica, algo preocupante para uma bacia de manancial de abastecimento. O retrocesso nas legislações ambientais resultou em perdas da ordem de 12% entre o NCF e a Lei municipal e 8,3% entre o NCF e as leis florestais revogadas, prevendo-se o agravamento da ocupação das APPs com prejuízo para a quantidade e qualidade da água dessa Bacia.
Identity Avoidance in Korean Reduplication

Korean makes use of reduplication in order to enrich the lexicon. The language has a number of ideophones which consist of reduplicated forms and are used to express onomatopoeia. Ideophones can be grouped into two classes, total and partial reduplications. In this paper, I will focus on total reduplication. The reduplicant and base are generally identical whether the base begins with a consonant or a vowel. 1, 2 The so-called base neither stands alone in form nor has any meaning by itself.
Structural and bonding characteristics of Ga-containing polar intermetallics

High temperature solid-state synthesis and electronic structure calculations were used to characterize and analyze Ga containing polar intermetallic compounds, specifically systems with late transition metals (Co, Pt, Pd) and cations of alkaline-earth (Mg, Ca, Sr,) or rare-earth (Gd) metals. Total energy calculations, magnetic moment and structural optimizations were performed with the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP) and density of states and crystal orbital Hamilton population curves as well as the integration of the COHP were calculated using the Stuttgart Tight-Binding Linear Muffin-Tin Orbital with the Atomic Sphere Approximation (TB-LMTO-ASA). These tools were used to provide insight into the structural and bonding characteristics of these Ga containing polar intermetallics. Two new fully ordered ternary Laves phases Ca2Pt3Ga and Ca2Pd3Ga were discovered and analyzed to shed light on the driving force behind the structural distortion of the cubic MgCu2-type CaPt2 and CaPd2 with the substitution of Ga. Nine symmetrically inequivalent coloring models, substituting one Ga on each tetrahedra of the cubic structure, were proposed and studied. Change in energy calculations for three theoretically proposed steps of this substitution show that it is energetically favorable to substitute Ga for Pd however, Ga for Pt is energetically unfavorable, demonstrating the effect of size differences and the differences in Mulliken electronegativities in these systems. An orthorhombic variant of the previously reported monoclinic Ca2Pd2Ga was synthesized and characterized. Structure comparisons show similar coordination environments for the atoms involved however, there is a change in the direction, stacking, and uniformity of the Pd−Pd linear chains in the structures. All electronic structure calculations indicate that the monoclinic structure is energetically more stable.
Chronic Physical Conditions and Their Association With First Onset of Suicidal Behavior in the World Mental Health Surveys

Objective: To investigate the association of a range of temporally prior physical conditions with the subsequent first onset of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts in large, general population, cross-national sample. The associations between physical conditions and suicidal behavior remain unclear due to sparse data and varied methodology. Methods: Predictive associations between 13 temporally prior physical conditions and first onset of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts were examined in a 14-country sample (n = 37,915) after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial covariates, with and without adjustment for mental disorders. Results: Most physical conditions were associated with suicidal ideation in the total sample; high blood pressure, heart attack/stroke, arthritis, chronic headache, other chronic pain, and respiratory conditions were associated with attempts in the total sample; epilepsy, cancer, and heart attack/stroke were associated with planned attempts. Epilepsy was the physical condition most strongly associated with the suicidal outcomes. Physical conditions were especially predictive of suicidality if they occurred early in life. As the number of physical conditions increased, the risk of suicidal outcomes also increased, however the added risk conferred was generally smaller with each additional condition. Adjustment for mental disorders made little substantive difference to these results. Physical conditions were equally predictive of suicidality in higher and lower income countries. Conclusions: The presence of physical conditions is a risk factor for suicidal behavior even in the absence of mental disorder. HIV/AIDS = human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome; WMH = World Mental Health; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition.
Hexaaquanickel(II) bis{4-[(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)methoxy]benzoate} dihydrate

In the title compound, [Ni(H2O)6](C11H7ClNO3S)2·2H2O, the NiII atom lies on an inversion center and is six-coordinate in an octahedral environment of water molecules. The cation and anion are linked through O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding involving the coordinated and uncoordinated water molecules into a three-dimensional network.
Effective and efficient approximations of the generalized inverse of the graph Laplacian matrix with an application to current-flow betweenness centrality

We devise methods for finding approximations of the generalized inverse of the graph Laplacian matrix, which arises in many graph-theoretic applications. Finding this matrix in its entirety involves solving a matrix inversion problem, which is resource demanding in terms of consumed time and memory and hence impractical whenever the graph is relatively large. Our approximations use only few eigenpairs of the Laplacian matrix and are parametric with respect to this number, so that the user can compromise between effectiveness and efficiency of the approximated solution. We apply the devised approximations to the problem of computing current-flow betweenness centrality on a graph. However, given the generality of the Laplacian matrix, many other applications can be sought. We experimentally demonstrate that the approximations are effective already with a constant number of eigenpairs. These few eigenpairs can be stored with a linear amount of memory in the number of nodes of the graph and, in the realistic case of sparse networks, they can be efficientlycomputed using one of the many methods for retrieving few eigenpairs of sparse matrices that abound in the literature.
Suppression of Plant Resistance Gene-Based Immunity by a Fungal Effector

The innate immune system of plants consists of two layers. The first layer, called basal resistance, governs recognition of conserved microbial molecules and fends off most attempted invasions. The second layer is based on Resistance (R) genes that mediate recognition of effectors, proteins secreted by pathogens to suppress or evade basal resistance. Here, we show that a plant-pathogenic fungus secretes an effector that can both trigger and suppress R gene-based immunity. This effector, Avr1, is secreted by the xylem-invading fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) and triggers disease resistance when the host plant, tomato, carries a matching R gene (I or I-1). At the same time, Avr1 suppresses the protective effect of two other R genes, I-2 and I-3. Based on these observations, we tentatively reconstruct the evolutionary arms race that has taken place between tomato R genes and effectors of Fol. This molecular analysis has revealed a hitherto unpredicted strategy for durable disease control based on resistance gene combinations.
Prioritized Broadcast Contention Control in VANET

Reliable and timely multi-hop propagation of messages among vehicles is essential for a safer and greener transportation system. Various broadcast-based forwarding strategies are envisioned for infrastructure-less vehicle-to-vehicle (v2v) communications. This paper proposes a prioritized broadcast contention control (PBCC) module/layer that provides reliable and low latency multi-hop connection. The PBCC forwarding algorithm optimizes the back-off distribution to improve the probability of successful broadcast and prioritizes forwarders based on location information. This module can be implemented in WAVE devices with minimum system modification. We integrate simple vehicular mobility models into ns-2 and implement a WAVE/802.11p communication protocol stack. Extensive simulations demonstrate PBCC's superiority in multi-hop delay.
What is Wisdom? Cross-Cultural and Cross-Disciplinary Syntheses

This article explores the nature of wisdom using an integrative cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary approach by drawing on contemporary research as well as the philosophical and contemplative disciplines of both East and West. To do this the article first analyzes definitional issues. These issues include difficulties of definition in general, and of wisdom in particular, the common elements and limitations of current definitions, as well as possible varieties or subtypes of wisdom. It then uses integrative definitions of wisdom and its major subtypes as a framework to investigate the characteristics, capacities, and components of wisdom; the varieties of self-knowledge that foster and constitute it; the perceptual, cognitive, and developmental processes essential to it; and the existential issues—for example, meaning, mystery, suffering, and death—that wisdom ponders and responds to. The article then examines wisdom's intimate link with other virtues, especially ethics and benevolence, and questions the claim that emotional regulation is an inherent element of wisdom, arguing instead that emotional regulation and wisdom are distinct, yet mutually facilitating virtues. Finally, the article provides evidence for the “self-demanding” nature of wisdom which implies that to understand it fully we may need to cultivate it ourselves.
The Health of Nations: Public Opinion and the Making of American and British Health Policy

"Now that health care policy is again at the top of the U.S. political agenda, this book offers a timely analysis of forces that may help to shape what politicians in Washington, D.C., choose to do. Jacobs is to be commended for his pioneering explanations of the interactions of public opinion, institutional arrangements, and elite decisions in the making of national social policies. While his formulations will arouse controversy as well as simple agreement, they are sure to receive wide notice. And deservedly so. "--Theda Skocpol, Harvard University
Mapping Contemporary Terrorism Courses at Top-Ranked National Universities and Liberal Arts Colleges in the United States

Most of the scholarly work on Terrorism Studies focuses on terrorism research (knowledge production). By contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to teaching about terrorism (knowledge dissemination) at universities. This paper addresses this gap by providing a systematic analysis of contemporary terrorism courses at 106 top-ranked U.S. based universities and colleges. The study uses 1) key word searches of course catalogues for the academic year 2010-2011 to identify terrorism courses; 2) descriptive statistics to document the field and disciplinary distributions of these courses 2) stepwise regression to assess the relative contributions of institutional characteristics to the frequency of these courses; 3) text analysis to extract dominant topics and a qualitative review of a sample of syllabi. The results indicate that a) most of the these academic institutions offer terrorism courses but courses only secondarily on terrorism outnumber those explicitly or primarily on terrorism by 3:1; b) the institutional presence of a highly cited terrorism scholar, a security studies program and terrorism research center are significantly associated with more terrorism courses c) courses explicitly on terrorism tend to emphasize non-state terrorism and prescriptively focus on counterterrorism while those only secondarily on terrorism have a broader focus. The results have implications for the development of Terrorism Studies as an academic discipline.