Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Digital Compressed Sensing-Based Energy-Efficient Single-Spot Bluetooth ECG Node

Energy efficiency is still the obstacle for long-term real-time wireless ECG monitoring. In this paper, a digital compressed sensing- (CS-) based single-spot Bluetooth ECG node is proposed to deal with the challenge in wireless ECG application. A periodic sleep/wake-up scheme and a CS-based compression algorithm are implemented in a node, which consists of ultra-low-power analog front-end, microcontroller, Bluetooth 4.0 communication module, and so forth. The efficiency improvement and the node's specifics are evidenced by the experiments using the ECG signals sampled by the proposed node under daily activities of lay, sit, stand, walk, and run. Under using sparse binary matrix (SBM), block sparse Bayesian learning (BSBL) method, and discrete cosine transform (DCT) basis, all ECG signals were essentially undistorted recovered with root-mean-square differences (PRDs) which are less than 6%. The proposed sleep/wake-up scheme and data compression can reduce the airtime over energy-hungry wireless links, the energy consumption of proposed node is 6.53 mJ, and the energy consumption of radio decreases 77.37%. Moreover, the energy consumption increase caused by CS code execution is negligible, which is 1.3% of the total energy consumption.
A Low Concentration of Ethanol Impairs Learning but Not Motor and Sensory Behavior in Drosophila Larvae

Drosophila melanogaster has proven to be a useful model system for the genetic analysis of ethanol-associated behaviors. However, past studies have focused on the response of the adult fly to large, and often sedating, doses of ethanol. The pharmacological effects of low and moderate quantities of ethanol have remained understudied. In this study, we tested the acute effects of low doses of ethanol (∼7 mM internal concentration) on Drosophila larvae. While ethanol did not affect locomotion or the response to an odorant, we observed that ethanol impaired associative olfactory learning when the heat shock unconditioned stimulus (US) intensity was low but not when the heat shock US intensity was high. We determined that the reduction in learning at low US intensity was not a result of ethanol anesthesia since ethanol-treated larvae responded to the heat shock in the same manner as untreated animals. Instead, low doses of ethanol likely impair the neuronal plasticity that underlies olfactory associative learning. This impairment in learning was reversible indicating that exposure to low doses of ethanol does not leave any long lasting behavioral or physiological effects.
Differential Auxin-Transporting Activities of PIN-FORMED Proteins in Arabidopsis Root Hair Cells1[C][W][OA]

The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome includes eight PIN-FORMED (PIN) members that are molecularly diverged. To comparatively examine their differences in auxin-transporting activity and subcellular behaviors, we expressed seven PIN proteins specifically in Arabidopsis root hairs and analyzed their activities in terms of the degree of PIN-mediated root hair inhibition or enhancement and determined their subcellular localization. Expression of six PINs (PIN1–PIN4, PIN7, and PIN8) in root hair cells greatly inhibited root hair growth, most likely by lowering auxin levels in the root hair cell by their auxin efflux activities. The auxin efflux activity of PIN8, which had not been previously demonstrated, was further confirmed using a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell assay system. In accordance with these results, those PINs were localized in the plasma membrane, where they likely export auxin to the apoplast and formed internal compartments in response to brefeldin A. These six PINs conferred different degrees of root hair inhibition and sensitivities to auxin or auxin transport inhibitors. Conversely, PIN5 mostly localized to internal compartments, and its expression in root hair cells rather slightly stimulated hair growth, implying that PIN5 enhanced internal auxin availability. These results suggest that different PINs behave differentially in catalyzing auxin transport depending upon their molecular activity and subcellular localization in the root hair cell.
Interactive Teaching Software "Introduction To Digital Test"

This work is a result of a co-operation work carried out in 1999 between Technical University of Ilmenau and Technical University of Tallinn (Estonia) under the project “DILDIS” supported by the Ministry of Education in Thüringen. Our society is becoming increasingly dependent on computing systems. This dependency is especially felt upon the occurrence of failures in systems. That is the reason why design for dependability, verification and test are becoming more and more important in all the life periods of a system, and therefore, these issues should be considered also in teaching tomorrows system engineers. Young engineers should be trained on integrating design and test solutions. Teaching in this domain should be facilitated by using integrated CAD tools that support design verification, testability analysis, design for testability, test generation, fault simulation, built-in self-test, fault diagnosis and fault tolerance. Traditional teaching methods either start by explaining a theory and showing some examples or giving an example to introduce a theory. However one of the both methods is chosen and fixed by the teacher independently of what is best for most of the students. The students mostly get some accompanying materials such as scripts, books etc. After listening to a lecture they can consult only their notes and try to solve some problems by using the new learned method as good as they remember. Mostly there is not enough time for lots of examples during a lecture and the students' notes include some errors. To correct these errors and to give some more examples the students usually replicate the subject of the lesson at home and during an exercise. In this paper the questions are discussed like how can computers, connected to the internet, be used to make this learning process more effective, and what kind of software is required? The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 we discuss why it is important to teach digital test for system engineers? In Section 3 we present a learning method based on using so-called living pictures [1]. Section 4 shows an example how to use this approach of living pictures in teaching test issues, and in Section 5, we give a description of the laboratory course where students can obtain hands on experience on design for test and designing embedded self-test architectures.
Re-revisiting Learning on Hypergraphs: Confidence Interval and Subgradient Method

We revisit semi-supervised learning on hypergraphs. Same as previous approaches, our method uses a convex program whose objective function is not everywhere differentiable. We exploit the non-uniqueness of the optimal solutions, and consider confidence intervals which give the exact ranges that unlabeled vertices take in any optimal solution. Moreover, we give a much simpler approach for solving the convex program based on the subgradient method. Our experiments on real-world datasets confirm that our confidence interval approach on hypergraphs outperforms existing methods, and our sub-gradient method gives faster running times when the number of vertices is much larger than the number of edges.
Life or Death at Block-Level

A fundamental piece of information required in intelligent storage systems is the liveness of data. We formalize the notion of liveness within storage, and present two classes of techniques for making storage systems liveness-aware. In the explicit notification approach, we present robust techniques by which a file system can impart liveness information to storage through a "free block" command. In the implicit detection approach, we show that such information can be inferred by the storage system efficiently underneath a range of file systems, without changes to the storage interface. We demonstrate our techniques through a prototype implementation of a secure deleting disk. We find that while the explicit interface approach is desirable due to its simplicity, the implicit approach is easy to deploy and enables quick demonstration of new functionality, thus facilitating rapid migration to an explicit interface.
A genetic algorithm for inferring time delays in gene regulatory networks

Recently we proposed a state-space model with time delays for gene regulatory networks. Although the system can be uniquely determined under some assumptions, the solution space is still too large to use an exhaustive search method to find the optimal solution. This work employs Boolean variables to capture the existence of the discrete time delays of the regulatory relationships among the internal variables, and proposes a genetic algorithm (GA) to determine the optimal Boolean variables (the optimal solution) and to further infer gene regulatory networks with time delays. Computational experiments performed on a real gene expression dataset show that GA is effective at finding the optimal solution. Not only does the regulatory network with time delay obtained from the dataset possesses the expected properties of a real one, but the approach also improves the prediction accuracy by 72%, compared to gene regulatory network without time delays.
Placement of Base-Band Units (BBUs) over fixed/mobile converged Multi-Stage WDM-PONs

The convergence between fixed access networks and mobile backhauling networks is the basis of the evolution towards future Next-Generation Access Networks. Multi-Stage WDM-PONs are the ideal converged infrastructures for carrying both fixed access and mobile backhauling, because they inherit some features of WDM core/metro networks, e.g., large capacity and high transparency. Moreover, they provide support for the “BBU Hotelling” backhauling solution, which consists in separating base stations' Base-Band Units (BBU) from their Remote Radio Heads (RRH), and grouping them into consolidated “Hotels”, with reduced costs and energy consumption. In this work, we propose and model by an ILP formulation the novel “BBU Placement” network optimization problem, on a converged Multi-Stage WDM-PON. The aim is to decide in which nodes to place BBUs, together with the routing and wavelength assignment of traffic demands, such that the number of Hotels is minimized. We capture the importance of the maximum latency of Digitized Radio-over-Fiber (D-RoF) flows exchanged between each BBU and its RRH, which becomes a constraint on the maximum propagation delay of corresponding routes. Simulation results are obtained by generating some random multi-stage tree instances and solving them via CPLEX. The analysis of the number of Hotels versus network sizes and maximum D-RoF delay validates the proposed model and highlights the strong impact of such parameters on the achievable BBU consolidation.
Counting with TinyTable: Every bit counts!

Counting Bloom filters (CBF) and their variants are data structures that support membership or multiplicity queries with a low probabilistic error. Yet, they incur a significant memory space overhead when compared to lower bounds as well as to (plain) Bloom filters, which can only represent set membership without removals. This work presents TinyTable, an efficient hash table based construction that supports membership queries, multiplicity queries (statistics) and removals. TinyTable is more space efficient than existing alternatives, both those derived from Bloom filters and other hash table based schemes. In fact, when the required false positive rate is smaller than 1%, it is even more space efficient than (plain) Bloom filters.
Single Side Imaging of Corrosion Under Insulation Using Single Photon Gamma Backscattering

In this work, a gamma ray Compton backscatter technique is used for imaging defects and thickness variations in insulated pipes and metal plates containing depressions of various diameters and at various depths from one side of the object. The scattered radiation was measured by a scintillation detector that scans the object using a two-dimensional mechanical scanning system. The gamma spectrum was displayed with a multichannel analyzer (MCA), and the energy window width was selected so that only Compton single scatter counts were measured. Images were constructed using the LabVIEW computer program. Successful images of defects on the outer surface of the object under the insulation were obtained, and the system was found to be able to detect wall thickness changes in large pipes with walls more than 15 mm thick. Low activity sources of 108 Bq (a few mCi) were used, and the dose rate near the surface is four orders of magnitude lower than conventional industrial radiography sources, permitting it to be much safer.
Iterative detection in code-division multiple-access with error control coding

A code-division multiple-access system with channel coding may be viewed as a serially-concatenated coded system. In this paper we propose a low complexity method for decoding the resulting inner code (due to the spreading sequence), which allows iterative (turbo) decoding of the serially-concatenated code pair. The per-bit complexity of the proposed decoder increases only linearly with the number of users. Performance within a fraction of a dB of the single user bound for heavily loaded asynchronous CDMA is shown both by simulation and analytically.
Omission of breakfast and risk of gastric cancer in Mexico.

AIM To investigate factors associated with gastric cancer (GC) in the Mexican population using a validated questionnaire. METHODS We designed and validated in Spanish a Questionnaire to Find Factors Associated with Diseases of the Digestive Tract using GC as a model. A cross-sectional study using 49 subjects, with confirmed histopathological GC diagnosis, and 162 individuals without GC participated. Odds ratio and 95% CIs were estimated in univariate and multivariate analysis adjusted for possible confounding factors. In order to match age groups, a multivariate sub-analysis was performed in subjects ≥ 39 years of age and in females and males separately. RESULTS In the univariate analysis, we found an association between GC and education to primary level or below, low socioeconomic status, the use of dental prostheses, omission of breakfast, consumption of very hot food and drink, addition of salt to prepared foods, consumption of salt-preserved foods and the pattern of alcohol consumption. We found protection against GC associated with the use of mouthwash, food refrigeration and regular consumption of fruit and vegetables. In the multivariate sub-analysis with subjects of ≥ 39 years, the omission of breakfast was identified as a risk factor for GC. CONCLUSION Our study suggests an association between the omission of breakfast and the failure to refrigerate food with GC in the Mexican population.
Assessment of the Predictive Performance of Existing Analytical Models for Debonding of Near-Surface Mounted FRP Strips

The near-surface mounted (NSM) strengthening technique, in which pultruded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) plates or bars are adhesively bonded into grooves cut in the concrete cover, has proven to overcome several of the drawbacks of externally bonded FRP plates on reinforced concrete flexural members. However, as research on the NSM technique is relatively recent, the theoretical foundation for its application is not yet as complete, and some of the debonding mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This paper presents the main findings of a literature review aimed at identifying the existing analytical models to predict the debonding strength of reinforced concrete flexural elements retrofitted with NSM FRP strips, and of a thorough assessment of the adequacy of such models by comparison with all relevant published experimental data. It is concluded that for debonding of NSM FRP strips induced by flexural (or flexural-shear) cracking or the critical diagonal shear crack of the reinforced concrete member, the currently available models capture the behavior of the debonding mechanism and provide reasonably conservative estimations of the debonding strength. However, for debonding induced by stress concentrations at the strip ends, existing models do not fully capture the debonding behavior and as such, are shown to be excessively conservative.
Sources of systematic error in functional annotation of genomes: domain rearrangement, non-orthologous gene displacement, and operon disruption

Functional annotation of proteins encoded in newly sequenced genomes can be expected to meet two conflicting objectives: (i) provide as much information as possible, and (ii) avoid erroneous functional assignments and over-predictions. The continuing exponential growth of the number of sequenced genomes makes the quality of sequence annotation a critical factor in the efforts to utilize this new information. When dubious functional assignments are used as a basis for subsequent predictions, they tend to proliferate, leading to "database explosion". It is therefore important to identify the common factors that hamper functional annotation. As a first step towards that goal, we have compared the annotations of the Mycoplasma genitalium and Methanococcus jannaschii genomes produced in several independent studies. The most common causes of questionable predictions appear to be: i) non-critical use of annotations from existing database entries; ii) taking into account only the annotation of the best database hit; iii) insufficient masking of low complexity regions (e.g. non-globular domains) in protein sequences, resulting in spurious database hits obscuring relevant ones; iv) ignoring multi-domain organization of the query proteins and/or the database hits; v) non-critical functional inferences on the basis of the functions of neighboring genes in an operon; vi) non-orthologous gene displacement, i.e. involvement of structurally unrelated proteins in the same function. These observations suggest that case by case validation of functional annotation by expert biologists remains crucial for productive genome analysis.
Efficient Processing of Reachability and Time-Based Path Queries in a Temporal Graph

A temporal graph is a graph in which vertices communicate with each other at specific time, e.g., $A$ calls $B$ at 11 a.m. and talks for 7 minutes, which is modeled by an edge from $A$ to $B$ with starting time "11 a.m." and duration "7 mins". Temporal graphs can be used to model many networks with time-related activities, but efficient algorithms for analyzing temporal graphs are severely inadequate. We study fundamental problems such as answering reachability and time-based path queries in a temporal graph, and propose an efficient indexing technique specifically designed for processing these queries in a temporal graph. Our results show that our method is efficient and scalable in both index construction and query processing.
Socially embedded multi agent based simulation of financial market

This paper proposed a new approach that integrated an artificial market simulation and text-mining with real information. In this approach, economic trends were extracted from text data circulating in the real world. Then, the trends were inputted into the market simulation. The simulation could support users' action to the actual market. This approach was used for the decision of exchange rate policy and suggested that the operation by intervention was effective for the stabilization of the yen-dollar rate in 1995. Our simulation revealed that the action rule proposed by our system could reduce over 70% of rate fluctuation. This approach can offer a useful social simulation as a tool to users.
Single section and disector counts in evaluating neuronal loss from the substantia nigra in patients with Parkinson's disease

In order to investigate the correlation between single section (SS) and disector (DS) counts for estimating the pigmented neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SNpc), 12 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and seven controls were studied. The SS counts were obtained at the level of the exit of the third cranial nerve in the SNpc. The DS counts were made from the whole volume of the SNpc. There was a significant correlation between SS and DS counts (r=0.94, P<0.001), suggesting that the methods closely agree. Comparison of SS and DS counts in controls and PD patients showed that the pigmented neurons in PD were decreased by 75% (P<0.001) and 55% (P<0.001) in the SS and DS counts, respectively. This study suggests that loss of pigmented neurons from the SNpc in PD can be estimated by either method.
Entropy facilitated active transport

We show how active transport of ions can be interpreted as an entropy facilitated process. In this interpretation, a particular change in the pore geometry through which substrates are transported gives rise to a driving force. This chemical energy provided by the chemical reaction is then used to create a protein geometry favorable for the uphill transport of ions. Attempts to estimate the energy available by this change in several proteins shows that an entropic contribution from the pore geometry is significant. We discuss how this effect can be used to understand how energy transduction in active transport can take place over a relatively long distance.
Crystal growth and scintillation properties of Ce doped KLu2F7 single crystal

Ce 0.1 % doped KLu2F7 single crystal was successfully grown from the melt by the modified micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) setup and quenching method. Transmittance, photoluminescence spectrum, photoluminescence decay time, radioluminescence decay time and light yield were measured. It showed more than 80 % transmittance and emission spectrum excited by 290 nm was observed around 377 nm. The decay time of photoluminescence was 53 nsec. The decay time of radioluminescence couldn't be observed. The light yield was evaluated to be 46 photon / 5.5 MeV α-ray.
Placing structuring elements in a word sequence for generating new statistical language models

Class based n-gram language models have been applied successfully in speech technology. We will present an automatic method to improve n-gram language models by distributing structural elements in a new way in word sequences. Our algorithm works on textual data consisting of two different kinds of text elements, namely words and structural elements. The order of words will not be changed during the iterations. Only structural elements can be inserted or deleted by the algorithm between any two items in the data. Thus unseen n-grams will be interpolated by n-grams containing structural elements. We give a detailed description of the algorithm and present first results of a system trained on a small corpus.
Isolation of functional, coated, endocytic vesicles

Brief internalization of [125I]transferrin was used to label coated endocytic vesicles, which were then purified using a combination of 2H2O and 2H2O/Ficoll density gradients. Purification was monitored using an assay measuring fusion of endocytic organelles, so as to isolate functional vesicles. Isolated vesicles had all the properties of clathrin-coated vesicles, being enriched for the major components of clathrin coats and uncoated by either 1 M Tris-HCl or an uncoating ATPase. Nearly half of the labeled vesicles were able to participate in subsequent fusion events, as measured by the cell-free assay. Fusion was specific, requiring energy and cytosol, and being sensitive to N- ethyl maleimide.