Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variability in Uremic Control during Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration in Trauma Patients

Introduction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) necessitating continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a severe complication in trauma patients (TP). We wanted to assess daily duration of CRRT and its impact on uremic control in TP. Material and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed adult TP, with or without rhabdomyolysis, with AKI undergoing CRRT. Data on daily CRRT duration and causes for temporary stops were collected from the first five CRRT days. Uremic control was assessed by daily changes in serum urea (Δurea) and creatinine (Δcreatinine) concentrations. Results. Thirty-six TP were included with a total of 150 CRRT days, 17 (43%) with rhabdomyolysis. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) time per day with CRRT was 19 (15–21) hours. There was a significant correlation between daily CRRT duration and Δurea (r = 0.60, P≤0.001) and Δcreatinine (r = 0.43; P = 0.012). CRRT pauses were caused by filter clotting (54%), therapeutic interventions (25%), catheter related problems (10%), filter timeout (6%), and diagnostic procedures (6%). Rhabdomyolysis did not affect the CRRT data. Conclusions. TP undergoing CRRT had short daily CRRT duration causing reduced uremic control. Clinicians should modify their daily clinical practice to improve technical skills and achieve sufficient dialysis dose.
Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Ribosomal Protein S6 Gene in the Cashmere Goat (Capra hircus)

Ribosomal protein (rp) S6 is the substrate of ribosomal protein S6K (S6 kinase) and is involved in protein synthesis by mTOR/S6K/S6 signaling pathway. Some S6 cDNA have been cloned in mammals in recent years but has not been identified in the goat. To facilitate such studies, we cloned the cDNA encoding Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) S6 (GenBank accession GU131122) and then detected mRNA expression in seven tissues by real time PCR and protein expression in testis tissue by immunohistochemisty. Sequence analysis indicated that the obtained goat S6 was a 808 bp product, including a 3′ untranslated region of 58 bp and an open reading frame of 750 bp which predicted a protein of 249 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence was highly homologous to cattle, human, mouse and rat S6. Expression analysis indicated S6 mRNA was expressed extensively in detected tissues and S6 protein was expressed in testis tissue.
Centromere Remodeling in Hoolock leuconedys (Hylobatidae) by a New Transposable Element Unique to the Gibbons

Gibbons (Hylobatidae) shared a common ancestor with the other hominoids only 15–18 million years ago. Nevertheless, gibbons show very distinctive features that include heavily rearranged chromosomes. Previous observations indicate that this phenomenon may be linked to the attenuated epigenetic repression of transposable elements (TEs) in gibbon species. Here we describe the massive expansion of a repeat in almost all the centromeres of the eastern hoolock gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys). We discovered that this repeat is a new composite TE originating from the combination of portions of three other elements (L1ME5, AluSz6, and SVA_A) and thus named it LAVA. We determined that this repeat is found in all the gibbons but does not occur in other hominoids. Detailed investigation of 46 different LAVA elements revealed that the majority of them have target site duplications (TSDs) and a poly-A tail, suggesting that they have been retrotransposing in the gibbon genome. Although we did not find a direct correlation between the emergence of LAVA elements and human–gibbon synteny breakpoints, this new composite transposable element is another mark of the great plasticity of the gibbon genome. Moreover, the centromeric expansion of LAVA insertions in the hoolock closely resembles the massive centromeric expansion of the KERV-1 retroelement reported for wallaby (marsupial) interspecific hybrids. The similarity between the two phenomena is consistent with the hypothesis that evolution of the gibbons is characterized by defects in epigenetic repression of TEs, perhaps triggered by interspecific hybridization.
Testing MCMC algorithms with randomly generated Bayesian networks

In this work we show how to generate random Bayesian networks and how to test inference algorithms using these samples. First, we present a new method to generate random networks through Markov chains. We then use random networks to investigate the performance of quasi-random numbers in Gibbs sampling algorithms for inference. We present experimental results and describe code that implements our methods.
Verbal and nonverbal mitigating communication on information processing and anger

Verbal and Non verbal Mitigating Communication on Information Processing and Anger by Rebecca L. Thomas Dr. M urray G. Millar, Committee Chair Associate Professor o f Psychology University o f Nevada, Las Vegas Frustration, anger, and aggression have been linked in the literature. Studies have shown that participants are capable o f using verbal and nonverbal communication to display and interpret emotions. One interesting communication phenomena is mitigating information, this would include an apology or an explanation. The fundamental attribution error posits that people attribute an individual’s behavior to dispositional characteristics more often than situational components. In the current study participants were undergraduate psychology students recruited for a study investigating social interaction. Participants engaged in a frustrating interaction and encountered one o f four communication conditions. These included verbal or nonverbal communication, with and without mitigating information. It was found that communication and mitigation influenced attribution. Frustration was correlated to anger, and more anger was reported in the verbal nonmitigating condition. Internal attribution was reported in nonverbal nonmitigating and verbal mitigating conditions. Furthermore, external attribution was reported in verbal communication. Conclusions and implications are discussed.
Audio and the Graphics Processing Unit

In recent years, the development of programmable graphics pipelines has placed the power of parallel computation in the hands of consumers. Systems developers are now paying attention to the general purpose computational ability of these graphics processor units, or GPUs, and are using them in novel ways. This paper examines using pixel shaders for executing audio algorithms. We compare GPU performance to CPU performance, discuss problems encountered, and suggest new directions for supporting the needs of the audio community.
Person-centrism in psychological contract research: a normative-contextual alternative

The current state of the psychological contract literature emphasizes processes of personal exchange at the individual level of analysis, thus offering an undersocialized picture. In redressing this problem, I offer an alternative by exploring how psychological contracting may look like if viewed as a socially situated process. I do this by examining person-centric and alternative “normative-contextual” assumptions in four substantive areas: level of analysis, the role of social influence, the organization as interaction partner, and the societal context. In articulating the normative-contextual perspective as an alternative in these four substantive areas, I forward a process model that shows how personal exchange is embedded in group and institutional environments within the organization and in the larger society. Finally, upon re-reading the classical works on the psychological contract and social exchange theory, I found surprisingly strong fragments in favor of the “normative-contextual” perspective.
Merging Incomplete Tertiary Datasets: The Case of 2-1-1 Information and Referral Missing Data

Abstract This study proposes a method to handle missing data when merging large tertiary datasets. Combining 25 datasets of 2-1-1 Texas Information & Referral Network’s call records to analyze unmet needs during Hurricanes Katrina and Rita highlighted a considerable bias problem due to missing data of a key variable in some of the 25 datasets. First, extensive literature about existing techniques for handling missing data was reviewed but determined not applicable for this type of missing data problem. Next, a systematic algorithm was developed to calculate missing data types and strategies in tertiary datasets. Last, this method was applied to the 2-1-1 datasets to test its effectiveness on bias due to previous missing data. Using this approach, the volume of cases available for analysis was increased approximately 30 percent, hence greatly improving validity of the findings. In terms of social service research, minimizing bias of missing data in existing tertiary data resources would help policymakers make more appropriate decisions and provide more effective and timely social support and disaster services to residents. This new method could be applied to using tertiary data with a similar dilemma and contribute to increasing potential use of available public datasets.
High Genetic Diversity in Geographically Remote Populations of Endemic and Widespread Coral Reef Angelfishes (genus: Centropyge)

In the terrestrial environment, endemic species and isolated populations of widespread species have the highest rates of extinction partly due to their low genetic diversity. To determine if this pattern holds in the marine environment, we examined genetic diversity in endemic coral reef angelfishes and isolated populations of widespread species. Specifically, this study tested the prediction that angelfish (genus: Centropyge) populations at Christmas and Cocos Islands have low genetic diversity. Analyses of a 436 base pair fragment of the mtDNA control region revealed that the endemic C. joculator exhibited high haplotype (h > 0.98 at both locations) and nucleotide (Christmas p% = 3.63, Cocos p% = 9.99) diversity. Similarly, isolated populations of widespread angelfishes (C. bispinosa and C. flavicauda) had high haplotype (h > 0.98) and nucleotide (p% = 2.81 and p% = 5.78%, respectively) diversity. Therefore, in contrast to terrestrial patterns, endemic and isolated populations of widespread angelfishes do not have low genetic diversity, rather their haplotype and nucleotide diversities were among the highest reported for marine fishes. High genetic diversity should reduce extinction risk in these species as it could provide the evolutionary potential to adapt to the rapidly changing environmental conditions forecast for coral reefs.
Plagiarism Detection: The Tool And The Case Study

Plagiarism is a problem in many education institutions around the world. Preventing digital plagiarism requires enormous amount of work from educator. In this paper we concentrate on implementation of well known anti-plagiarism algorithm for local and global search for the original source of plagiarized assignment. We first discuss problems in the implementation of existing anti-plagiarism systems, and then describe the open architecture that could be used for plagiarism detection in different kind of assignments from plain text to audio submissions. Finally we present preliminary results on algorithm implementation for processing of 1000+ submissions archive. We hope this paper will add a trend to the discussion of anti-plagiarism systems especially for new types of assignments.
Polyphonic Music Transcription A Deep Learning Approach

In polyphonic music, many notes are played at once. Transcribing notes from the polyphonic music can help in plagirism detection, artist identification, Genre Classification, Composition Assitance and Music Tutoring Systems. Since, many notes are played at once, therefore, the techniques of multi class classification are not applicable here. In this project, we have learned 88 binary classifier which helps in transcribing notes of polyphonic music. Each classifier detects the presence of one note in the music at every time step. Unsupervised feature learning using RNN-RBM (Recursive Neural Networks and Restricted Boltzmann Machine) and Covolutional Deep Belief Networks has been done. SVM classifiers are build using one-vs-all classification. HMM smoothing has been done to improve the results.
Weight status, physical activity and self-concept in primary school children

Objective: The self-concept, self-esteem and body image of schoolchildren is being compromised due to stigmatization and discrimination in many areas of their lives. Recent studies have shown different associations between those variables and fitness. The objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between weight status, physical activity and self-concept in 103 schoolchildren (63 girls) aged 8-12 years. Design and method: The design was cross-sectional relational. The sampling was non-probabilistic. The body mass index was calculated and the participants were categorized according to their weight status (normal weight vs. overweight-obesity) following international criteria. Physical activity (minor vs. major) was estimated with the short Krece-Plus test. The self-concept was evaluated with the Piers-Harris Self-concept Scale. Non-parametric statistics were used. Results: The results showed that those with normal weight had a better behavioural self-concept (p = 0.048). Those with greater physical activity scored higher in the intellectual (p = 0.034), physical (p = 0.016), social (p = 0.031) and global (p = 0.008) dimensions. The fat but fit paradox was also found in the self-concept; thus, those with normal weight/ greater physical activity presented a better intellectual self-concept (p = 0.022), physical (p = 0.006) and global (p = 0.008). Conclusions: These findings suggest that weight status and physical activity could be differentiating elements in the self-concept in childhood and preadolescence. Prospective studies are needed to analyse the effects in this relationship.
Ultrasound image-based comanipulation for enhanced perception of the contacts with a distal soft organ

In this paper, the concept of ultrasound image-based force enhancement is introduced. It consists of a robotic comanipulation system that assists a surgeon performing an ultrasound exam through a minimally invasive access. The robot is programmed in such a way that the surgeon's feeling of the distal contact between the probe and the organ is enhanced, despite disturbances raising from interactions with the trocar or the natural orifice through which the probe is inserted. Contrarily to existing approaches for force enhancement, the proposed method does not require any distal, nor proximal force sensor. Rather, forces to be applied by the comanipulator are computed from the measurement of the organ deformations in the ultrasound image. In the paper, an example application to computer-assisted prostate biopsy procedures is given. A first implementation of the concept is then presented, involving an endorectal ultrasound probe and a one degree of freedom robot. In vitro experiments validate that the proposed mode of assistance significantly helps the detection of contacts between the probe and a balloon simulating a prostate despite large friction disturbances.
How Asynchrony Affects Rumor Spreading Time

In standard randomized (push-pull) rumor spreading, nodes communicate in synchronized rounds. In each round every node contacts a random neighbor in order to exchange the rumor (i.e., either push the rumor to its neighbor or pull it from the neighbor). A natural asynchronous variant of this algorithm is one where each node has an independent Poisson clock with rate 1, and every node contacts a random neighbor whenever its clock ticks. This asynchronous variant is arguably a more realistic model in various settings, including message broadcasting in communication networks, and information dissemination in social networks. In this paper we study how asynchrony affects the rumor spreading time, that is, the time before a rumor originated at a single node spreads to all nodes in the graph. Our first result states that the asynchronous push-pull rumor spreading time is asymptotically bounded by the standard synchronous time. Precisely, we show that for any graph G on n-nodes, where the synchronous push-pull protocol informs all nodes within T(G) rounds with high probability, the asynchronous protocol needs at most time O(T(G)+log n) to inform all nodes with high probability. On the other hand, we show that the expected synchronous push-pull rumor spreading time is bounded by O(√ n) times the expected asynchronous time. These results improve upon the bounds for both directions shown recently by Acan et al. (PODC 2015). An interesting implication of our first result is that in regular graphs, the weaker push-only variant of synchronous rumor spreading has the same asymptotic performance as the synchronous push-pull algorithm.
QUADRATIC CONVERGENCE OF A PENALTY METHOD FOR VALUING AMERICAN OPTIONS

The convergence of a penalty method for solving the discrete regularized American option valuation problem is studied. Sufficient conditions are derived which both guarantee convergence of the nonlinear penalty iteration and ensure that the iterates converge monotonically to the solution. These conditions also ensure that the solution of the penalty problem is an approximate solution to the discrete linear complementarity problem. The efficiency and quality of solutions obtained using the implicit penalty method are compared with those produced with the commonly used technique of handling the American constraint explicitly. Convergence rates are studied as the timestep and mesh size tend to zero. It is observed that an implicit treatment of the American constraint does not converge quadratically (as the timestep is reduced) if constant timesteps are used. A timestep selector is suggested which restores quadratic convergence.
Control and Data Complexity Metrics for Web Service Compositions

Service-oriented architecture has been widely applied to construct new software system or integrate some legacy applications. Web service technology is the most representative approach to build such system. However, this new software development manner inevitably brings plague to the latter maintenance activities such as comprehension and measurement, despite its convenience for constructing software systems. In the paper, the control flow in Web service composition is modeled by service control flow graph (i.e. SCFG). Then, the execution path complexity metric is proposed through introducing the knowledge about cognitive informatics. Based on such concept, the metric of control flow complexity for whole Web service-based system is also addressed. On the other hand, two data interaction complexities are also presented to reflect the information volume of message communications between services through analyzing the SOAP message. In addition, a well-known Web service composition is used as a case to demonstrate the above metrics. The analysis results show that our measurement methods are reasonable and effective.
With malice toward none and charity for some: ingroup favoritism enables discrimination.

Dramatic forms of discrimination, such as lynching, property destruction, and hate crimes, are widely understood to be consequences of prejudicial hostility. This article focuses on what has heretofore been only an infrequent countertheme in scientific work on discrimination-that favoritism toward ingroups can be responsible for much discrimination. We extend this counterthesis to the strong conclusion that ingroup favoritism is plausibly more significant as a basis for discrimination in contemporary American society than is outgroup-directed hostility. This conclusion has implications for theory, research methods, and practical remedies.
Is There a Conceptual Difference between Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks?

Abstract This is an opinion piece on the subject of whether or not ‘theoretical’ and ‘conceptual’ frameworks are conceptual synonyms, or they refer to different constructs. Although, generally, a lot of literature uses these two terms interchangeably - suggesting that they are conceptually equivalent, the researcher argues that these are two different constructs - both by definition and as actualised during the research process. Thus, in this paper, the researcher starts by developing his argument by examining the role of theory in research, and then draws a distinction between areas of research that typically follow deductive versus inductive approaches, with regard to both the review of literature and data collection. The researcher then subsequently argues that whereas a deductive approach to literature review typically makes use of theories and theoretical frameworks, the inductive approach tends to lead to the development of a conceptual framework - which may take the form of a (conceptual) model. Examples depicting this distinction are advanced.
A data placement algorithm with binary weighted tree on PC cluster-based cloud storage system

The need and use of scalable storage on cloud has rapidly increased in last few years. Organizations need large amount of storage for their operational data and backups. To address this need, high performance storage servers for cloud computing are the ultimate solution, but they are very expensive. Therefore we propose efficient cloud storage system by using inexpensive and commodity computer nodes. These computer nodes are organized into PC cluster as datacenter. Data objects are distributed and replicated in a cluster of commodity nodes located in the cloud. In the proposed cloud storage system, a data placement algorithm which provides a highly available and reliable storage is proposed. The proposed algorithm applies binary tree to search storage nodes. It supports the weighted allocation of data objects, balancing load on PC cluster with minimum cost. The proposed system is implemented with HDFS and experimental results prove that the proposed algorithm can balance storage load depending on the disk space, expected availability and failure probability of each node in PC cluster.
Task-based configuration synthesis for modular robot

A modular robot system is introduced in this paper. The requirements for configuration synthesis are analyzed and classified as hard ones, soft ones and hard-soft ones. The evaluation function is constructed based on the weighted sum of the evaluation results of the specified design requirements. A one-lever Genetic Algorithm (GA) basing on an improved hybrid coding method is presented to carry out the configuration synthesis. In addition an example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
The Reinvention of Public Personnel Administration: An Analysis of the Diffusion of Personnel Management Reforms in the States

Reform is a common theme in American public administration. During the twentieth century at least 12 major administrative reforms have taken place at the federal level and countless others in state and local governments. Frequently, these reforms have addressed the operation of public personnel management systems. Recent efforts associated with the reinventing government movement, for example, have proposed numerous alterations to civil service rules and procedures, and many jurisdictions have implemented significant changes in their personnel practices. This article examines the extent to which these kinds of personnel reforms have been implemented by state governments. A reform index is developed to document the considerable variation among the states in their approach to personnel practices. Several state characteristics are associated with scores on this index, including legislative professionalism, which bears a positive relationship to reform, and the level of unemployment within a state and the proportion of state employees associated with public employee unions, which are both negatively associated with reform.