Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The SHAllow RADar (SHARAD) Onboard the NASA MRO Mission

This paper describes the mission concepts, design, and achievements of the Italian Space Agency (ASI)-provided Mars SHAllow RADar (SHARAD) sounder high-frequency (HF) sounding radar, used onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Spacecraft. Its goals are the detection of liquid or solid water below the surface, and the mapping of subsurface geologic structures. Following a brief overview of the MRO mission and of its main science objectives, the paper introduces the basic principles of operation of the radar sounder, and addresses the major design issues faced by such a system. The greatest challenges faced in the design are the control of the interference from off-nadir echoes and the need for a high signal fidelity over a very large fractional bandwidth. The core of the paper is devoted to describing how the above problems have been tackled in the design of the SHARAD instrument, and the main characteristics of its architecture. The two key features of the instrument system design are 1) generation of the transmitted signal directly at the transmitted frequency; and 2) sampling performed directly at the radio frequency (by means of a subsampling technique). The careful design of these features, intended to keep the analog signal path very simple, minimizes distortions and stability problems. An overview of the calibration approach of both the system impulse response and the antenna gain at nadir versus solar array position, an assessment of the in-flight performance of the instrument, and a short summary of the achieved science results are also provided.
A Novel Multi Label Learning Based on Clustering Integrated Ensemble Classifier Chain Micro Prediction Models

Most of the real world problems are concerned with assignment of multiple target labels to the instances. The proposed model aims to increase the accuracy by incorporating supervised and semi supervised learning. K Means clustering is employed which creates K clusters based on the initialization of cluster centroids. Datasets are clustered based on its distribution in the Euclidean space. Clustering contributes to the categorization of data within defined boundaries. Multi Label learning transformation problem is solved over for each cluster using an ensemble of Classifier Chains (ECC). The classifier used for creation of classifier chains is Random Forest Algorithm (RF). Votes of the Classifier chains are summarised to predict the labels of the instance. Prediction micro models are created as per the number of the clusters during training phase. While testing prediction model corresponding to the nearest cluster is used knows as micro prediction models. The proposed algorithm which is the combination of K means clustering, ECC, RF shortened as ECC_RF substantially increases parallelism as well as accuracy observed from the experimental results. The dataset utilised in the experiment are from Mulan Dataset Library.
Cross-platform mobile development approaches

The diversity of platforms on the smart phones market, make the mobile applications development quite difficult and very expensive. Platform development could be a good solution for this problem. We'll start by defining cross-platform development, and define the different types of mobile applications, and then define and explain the different approaches used in cross-platform development in order to achieve a comparison between these approaches allowing us to identify the strong points, and weaknesses of each approach. We present our results in a comparative table taking into consideration several criteria. These benchmarks have shown that the choice of a cross-platform development approach depends mainly on two things: to know what type of mobile application should be directed, and or targeted platforms. And adding the fact that multiplatform tools based on these approaches are limited in some point (access to different API platforms, performance compared to native applications .), this work shows with certainty that more research is needed to go further than the current approaches.
On a robust ASR based on complex AR speech analysis

The advanced front-end (AFE) for automatic speech recognition (ASR) was standardized by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). The AFE provides speech enhancement realized by an iterative Wiener filter (IWF) in which a smoothed FFT spectrum over adjacent frames is used to design the filter. We have previously proposed robust time-varying complex AR (TV-CAR) speech analysis and evaluated the performance of speech processing such as F0 estimation and speech enhancement. TV-CAR analysis can estimate more accurate spectrum than FFT, especially in low frequencies because of the nature of the analytic signal. In addition, the TV-CAR can estimate more accurate speech spectrum against additive noise. In this paper, the time-invariant version of wide-band TV-CAR analysis is introduced to the IWF in the AFE and is evaluated using the CENSREC-2 database.
Spontaneous ryanodine-receptor-dependent Ca 2 +-activated K + 1 currents and hyperpolarizations in rat medial preoptic neurons 2 3 4

currents and hyperpolarizations in rat medial preoptic neurons 2 3 4 Göran Klement, Michael Druzin, David Haage, Evgenya Malinina, Peter 5 Århem, and Staffan Johansson 6 7 8 Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Physiology, Umeå University, 9 Umeå, Sweden. 10 The Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska 11 Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. 12 13 14 Running head: Spontaneous K currents in rat medial preoptic neurons 15 16 Corresponding author: 17 Staffan Johansson, 18 Department of Integrative Medical Biology, 19 Section for Physiology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden. 20 Phone: + 46-90-7867731, Fax: + 46-90-7866683, 21 E-mail: staffan.johansson@physiol.umu. se 22 23 24 25 26 Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (March 24, 2010). doi:10.1152/jn.00566. 2009
Scalable Movement Representation In Low Dimensional Latent Space

We investigate a novel approach for representation of kinem atic trajectories in complex movement systems. Our framework consists of a powerful nonl i ear, probabilistic and fully generative dimensionality reduction method coupled with a non-linear dynamical systems-based motion representation technique, allowing for learning of discrete and rhythmic motions. The high-dimensional kinematic data is mapped to a latent sp ace representation. The latent space trajectories formed are then encoded as non -linear dynamical systems, resulting in a flexible motion representation. Learning in t he low-dimensional latent space requires only a small number of systems, without loss o f accuracy with respect to the demonstrated motion. This way the encoding is made mor compact and more manageable. Moreover, the modification of parameters of the motion representation in latent space is demonstrated to lead to structured change s of the observed motion when mapped back to task space. We test the system with kinematic data from three different s tups. We start with a 3-DoF 3-link planar arm, continue with a 6-DoF manipulator that operates in 3dimensional space and then experiment with 59-dimensional human motion capture data. In all cases discrete and rhythmic motion scenarios ar e employed. The efficiency of the system is measured at various steps of the overall proc ess, while qualitative evaluations are also made. The results are promising as the system maintains a low error with respect to the desired motions, even in the most complex of cases evaluated . Moreover, it allows for easy generalisation in the vicinity of the training data llowing for novel motion generation in a structured manner. The system provides a ver y compact representation, that is easily and rapidly learned. In addition, it allows on line modification that results in resistance against external perturbations.
The Spleen Plays No Role in Nephrotoxic Serum Nephritis, but Constitutes a Place of Compensatory Haematopoiesis

Background The spleen has been implicated in the pathogenesis of immune-complex glomerulonephritis by initiating and resolving adaptive immune responses. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the role of the spleen in experimental nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTS). Methods In order to accelerate the disease, animals were subjected to NTS by preimmunizing male C57BL/6J mice with rabbit IgG three days before injecting the rabbit anti-glomerular basement antiserum, or were immunized only. A group underwent splenectomy before NTS induction. Results We observed enlargement of the spleen with a maximum at 14 days after NTS induction or immunization only. Splenectomized mice were found to develop albuminuria and renal histological changes comparable to sham-operated controls. Nevertheless, anaemia was aggravated in mice after splenectomy. During the course of NTS, we detected CD41+ megakaryocytes and Ter119+ erythroid precursor cells in the spleen of mice with NTS and of immunized mice. Ter119+Cxcr4+ cells and the binding partner Cxcl12 increased in the spleen, and decreased in the bone marrow. This was accompanied by a significant systemic increase of interferon-gamma in the serum. Conclusions In summary, splenectomy does not influence the course of NTS per se, but is involved in concomitant anaemia. Extramedullary haematopoiesis in the spleen is probably facilitated through the migration of Cxcr4+ erythroid precursor cells from the bone marrow to the spleen via a Cxcl12 gradient and likely arises from the suppressive capacity of chronic inflammation on the bone marrow.
Frictions, cracks and micro-resistances: physical activity and sport as strategies to dignify imprisoned women

ABSTRACT In capitalist societies, where discipline and control are dominant concepts, prisons are a warning tool about the consequences of non-conformity. In this context, prisoners are exposed to a type of power that is used as a corrective technique to transform them into docile and useful citizens. However, such power is not static and inmates can create various strategies of resistance. The aim of this research is to understand how physical activity and sport are used by incarcerated women to confront social control in Spanish prisons. Based on 16 interviews with former female inmates, we found that engaging in physical activity and sports helped participants to cope with their sentences. These activities were also used as tools to confront and negotiate the patriarchal punitive power often found in prisons, meaning that participants were not put down by it. Participants’ abilities to minimally destabilise the prison’s order also empowered them to regain some autonomy and identity. Through participating in physical activity and sports, incarcerated women created spaces of freedom and frictions within a limiting prohibitive prison environment.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis surveillance in Baltimore and Philadelphia

Introduction: Limited epidemiological data on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) exist in defined geographic areas in the United States. Methods: Neurologists submitted case reports for patients under their care between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011, who met the El Escorial criteria. Diagnosis was confirmed for a sample of cases by the consulting neurologist. Death certificate data were used for supplemental case identification. Results: The 248 reported cases were most likely to be 50–69 years old, men, white, and non‐Hispanic. The total crude average annual incidence rate was 1.46 per 100,000 person‐years. Conclusions: The reported demographic characteristics were consistent with previously published findings. The crude annual incidence was slightly lower than the expected rate of 1.6 but was within the range reported previously (0.7–2.5). These findings help quantify the burden of ALS in the United States. Muscle Nerve 51: 815–821, 2015
DB-AT: a 2015 update to the Full-parasites database brings a multitude of new transcriptomic data for apicomplexan parasites

The previous release of our Full-parasites database (http://fullmal.hgc.jp/) brought enhanced functionality, an expanded full-length cDNA content, and new RNA-Seq datasets from several important apicomplexan parasites. The 2015 update witnesses the major shift in the databases content with focus on diverse transcriptomes of the apicomplexan parasites. The content of the database was substantially enriched with transcriptome information for new apicomplexan parasites. The latest version covers a total of 17 species, with addition of our newly generated RNA-Seq data of a total of 909 150 388 tags. Moreover, we have generated and included two novel and unique datasets, which represent diverse nature of transcriptomes in individual parasites in vivo and in vitro. One is the data collected from 116 Indonesian patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum. The other is a series of transcriptome data collected from a total of 38 single cells of P. falciparum cultured in vitro. We believe that with the recent advances our database becomes an even better resource and a unique platform in the analysis of apicomplexan parasites and their interaction with their hosts. To adequately reflect the recent modifications and the current content we have changed the database name to DB-AT—DataBase of Apicomplexa Transcriptomes.
Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles Associated with Chronic Complications in Overweight and Obese Type 2 Diabetes Patients in South China

Background Type 2 diabetes is often accompanied by altered cardiometabolic risk profiles, including abdominal obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. The association of altered cardiometabolic risk profiles with chronic complications of diabetes is not well investigated. Methods We recruited 2954 type 2 diabetes patients with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 who visited the diabetes clinics of 62 hospitals in 21 cities in Guangdong province of China from August 2011 to March 2012. Demographic characteristics, personal and family medical histories, and data on chronic complications of diabetes were collected. Clinical examinations and laboratory assessment were conducted. Results Abdominal obesity was found in 91.6% of the study population, elevated blood pressure in 78.3%; elevated serum triacylglycerols in 57.8%, and reduced serum HDL-C in 55.9%. Among the cardiometabolic risk factors, elevated blood pressure was significantly associated with almost all the chronic complications of diabetes. After adjusting for age, gender, duration of diabetes, and HbA1c, elevated blood pressure was significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy (OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.22–2.19), diabetic nephropathy (OR 3.16, 95% CI: 2.25–4.46), cardiovascular disease (OR 2.71, 95% CI: 1.70–4.32), and stroke (OR 1.90, 95% CI: 1.15–3.12). Abdominal adiposity was significantly associated with diabetic nephropathy (OR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.11–1.74). Elevated triacylglycerols was significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy (OR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05–1.58) and diabetic nephropathy (OR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.05–1.58). Reduced HDL-C was significantly associated with stroke (OR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05–1.88). Conclusions Altered cardiometabolic risk profiles, and elevated blood pressure in particular, were significantly associated with chronic complications in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Future studies on the prevention of chronic complications of diabetes might make lowering blood pressure a primary target.
Factorial Validity of the Anxiety Questionnaire for Students (AFS): Bifactor Modeling and Measurement Invariance

The present study with 2,273 students aimed to examine the factorial validity of the Anxiety Questionnaire for Students (AFS) by using the bifactor modeling framework, that is, contrasting a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model to an exploratory structural equation model (ESEM) and two bifactor models (B-CFA and B-ESEM). In addition, measurement invariance and latent mean differences in the three facets of the AFS (test anxiety, manifest anxiety, dislike of school) across gender, age groups, and school types were explored. Results provided strong support for the multidimensionality of the AFS. The B-ESEM showed the best fit to the data as opposed to the other models. Also, measurement invariance across gender, age groups, and school types was fully supported. Girls and younger students generally reported higher levels of anxiety than boys and older students, while the latter stated more dislike of school than girls and younger students. Furthermore, elementary school students showed generally higher levels of anxiety than students of the other school types.
Geometry in the Real World: Mobile Image Processing for Educational Games

The paper describes a new paradigm for geometry learning applicable to other areas where children engage with the real world to find the meaning of abstract concepts. The target of the developments is a game or game series where image processing is used for geometric concepts learning. The learner has to match the concepts presented in the game challenges with its real world representations. Ubiquitous and pervasive computational devices become flexible tools that shape the learning experience as users engage in challenging, experiential activities with immediate feedback. The game concept was developed for mobile devices with an image processing library optimized for real time performance in interactive systems. The library and game features were tested at a school with children with very encouraging results.
Ruhr Economic Papers #120 Ruhr Economic Papers #120 the Impact of Private versus Social Health Insurance on Offered Waiting times in German Acute Care Hospitals

This paper shows that patients with private health insurance (PHI) are being offered significantly shorter waiting times than patients with statutory health insurance (SHI) in German acute hospital care. This behavior may be driven by the higher expected profitability of PHI relative to SHI holders.Further,we find that hospitals offering private insurees shorter waiting times as compared to SHI holders have a significantly better financial performance than those abstaining from or with less discrimination. JEL Classification: I10, I11, D21
Identification of Cellular Calcium Binding Protein Calmodulin as a Regulator of Rotavirus A Infection during Comparative Proteomic Study

Rotavirus (RV) being the major diarrhoegenic virus causes around 527000 children death (<5years age) worldwide. In cellular environment, viruses constantly adapt and modulate to survive and replicate while the host cell also responds to combat the situation and this results in the differential regulation of cellular proteins. To identify the virus induced differential expression of proteins, 2D-DIGE (Two-dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis) based proteomics was used. For this, HT-29 cells were infected with RV strain SA11 for 0 hours, 3 hours and 9 hours post infection (hpi), differentially expressed spots were excised from the gel and identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. 2D-DIGE based proteomics study identified 32 differentially modulated proteins, of which 22 were unique. Some of these were validated in HT-29 cell line and in BALB/c mice model. One of the modulated cellular proteins, calmodulin (CaM) was found to directly interact with RV protein VP6 in the presence of Ca2+. Ca2+-CaM/VP6 interaction positively regulates RV propagation since both CaM inhibitor (W-7) and Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA-AM) resulted in decreased viral titers. This study not only identifies differentially modulated cellular proteins upon infection with rotavirus in 2D-DIGE but also confirmed positive engagement of cellular Ca2+/CaM during viral pathogenesis.
Enhanced Lossy Techniques for Compressing Background Region of Medical Images Using ROI-Based Encoding

Image compression is an important task in medical imaging system and consists of mechanisms that reduce storage requirements while maintaining image quality. Medical image compression can be performed in a lossless or lossy fashion and a method that combines both is the Region of Interest (ROI) techniques. ROI techniques separate relevant and irrelevant details of an image and apply lossy technique to irrelevant part and lossless technique to relevant part. This paper proposes an enhanced active contour based ROI algorithm to separate the image as background and foreground. The foreground is compressed using a lossless JPEG algorithm and the background is compressed using an enhanced lossy JPEG algorithm that uses wavelet neural network followed by a post processing algorithm. Experimental results in terms of Compression Rate, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio and speed of compression show that the proposed scheme is an improved version when compared with the traditional algorithm.
Arsenicosis: Is it a Protective or Predisposing Factor for Mental Illness?

Objective Chronic arsenic poisoning (Arsenicosis) is a global health risk, and it has been reported to improve the fitness, especially in altitudinal sickness in therapeutic dose. Scarcity of systematic study on psychiatric co-morbidities in Arsenicosis motivated us to conduct this research. The aim of this study was to estimate the co-morbid psychiatric disorders in patients with arsenicosis and to examine whether natural arsenic exposure and toxicity is protective or detrimental for mental health. Method Out of 1477 arsenicosis patients aged 18 to 65 years, 1169 were finally assessed after excluding those who were disinclined to participate or those who had any organ failure or prior psychiatric disorder in themselves or their first-degree relatives. We applied General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) to screen psychiatric symptoms. Finally, 191 patients with BPRS score > 30 were structurally interviewed using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). Results Of the 1169 participants in our study, 18.99% of the arsenicosis patients had psychiatric ailments. Common psychiatric manifestations were depression (8.47%), mixed anxiety and depressive disorder (4.61%), adjustment disorder in the form of mixed anxiety and depressive reaction, and brief depressive reaction (2.22%), and suicidal attempts (1.53%). Conclusion Considering the higher prevalence of psychiatric ailments in arsenicosis compared to general population of the same territory, it is necessary to screen psychological disorders in them. Conducting studies with control groups to further evaluate the impact of arsenicosis on mental health is warranted.
Mining metadata from the web for AcousticBrainz

Semantic annotations of music collections in digital libraries are important for organization and navigation of the collection. These annotations and their associated metadata are useful in many Music Information Retrieval tasks, and related fields in musicology. Music collections used in research are growing in size, and therefore it is useful to use semi-automatic means to obtain such annotations. We present software tools for mining metadata from the web for the purpose of annotating music collections. These tools expand on data present in the AcousticBrainz database, which contains software-generated analysis of music audio files. Using this tool we gather metadata and semantic information from a variety of sources including both community-based services such as MusicBrainz, Last.fm, and Discogs, and commercial databases including Itunes and AllMusic. The tool can be easily expanded to collect data from a new source, and is automatically updated when new items are added to AcousticBrainz. We extract genre annotations for recordings in AcousticBrainz using our tool and study the agreement between folksonomies and expert sources. We discuss the results and explore possibilities for future work.