Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Separating Within-Trial Activities in the Stop Signal Task Using fMRI

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approaches tend to focus on a particular process of interest, and model neural activity as a single phase of activity on a given trial. This thesis presents new methods for separating rapidly unfolding within-trial activities in a stop signal task using fMRI. Current models of inhibitory control address processes that are engaged after the presentation of goand stop-signals. The first study presented here separated warningfrom response-phase activities in healthy adults (A. Chevrier, Cheyne, Graham, & Schachar, 2015). This work revealed activities in posterior networks that signal the need for top-down control followed by fronto-posterior activities involved in implementing top-down control. Both of these phases contained activities that influenced inhibitory control. Reinforcement learning models treat errors as a unitary phase of activity. The second study presented here separated error detection from post-error slowing on failed stop trials (A. Chevrier & Schachar, 2010). Error detection deactivated structures that are richly innervated by midbrain dopamine neurons (dorsal striatum and ventral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)), followed by deactivations during post-error adjustment in structures that modulate the ascending dopamine response (ventral striatum and caudal orbitofrontal cortex), which encode error magnitude.
The Co-Creation of a “Kinder Garden”

Central to this paper is the author’s assertion that interacting authentically with the outdoors can connect children to the earth, thus creating in them a heart for the place in which they live (Louv, 2008). Using narrative inquiry methodology (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000), the author explored her co-creation of a “kinder garden” with her kindergarten students and their parents. In this article, she reflects on how creating this garden benefited the children and their learning, both at school and at home. She discusses how creating the garden also benefited the families and the community involved. Finally, using input from parents, the author imagines new possibilities for the co-creation of such gardens.
Subsea Jumpers Vibration Assessment

Subsea rigid jumpers which are used to connect flowlines and risers to other subsea structures are inherently susceptible to vibration because they must be flexible enough to accommodate translation of the flowline, installation tolerances and settlement of pipeline end terminations (PLETs.) In locations where there are bottom currents, the jumpers can be subjected to vortex induced vibrations. When internal flow rates are high, they are susceptible to flow induced vibration, and they may also be excited by slugging. In some cases, the design constraints force the designs to be 3 dimensional and employ strategies to enhance damping.This paper describes a methodology for assessing subsea jumpers for vibration induced fatigue. The method employs a combination of transient dynamic, harmonic and modal finite element analysis with the VIV tool SHEAR7. The methodology is able to show generally improved VIV fatigue lives compared to more traditional methods based on DNV-RP-F105 because of the ability to define current loading over the jumper length and to assess the effects of strakes and coulomb damping. Further, the methodology is also capable of assessing the effect of tuned vibration dampers which are sometimes used to suppress FIV.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Breast Cancer Affects Both the Hippocampus Volume and the Episodic Autobiographical Memory Retrieval

Background Neuroimaging studies show the hippocampus is a crucial node in the neural network supporting episodic autobiographical memory retrieval. Stress-related psychiatric disorders, namely Major Depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), are related to reduced hippocampus volume. However, this is not the case for remitted breast cancer patients with co-morbid stress-related psychiatric disorders. This exception may be due to the fact that, consequently to the cancer experience as such, this population might already be characterized by a reduced hippocampus with an episodic autobiographical memory deficit. Methodology We scanned, with a 3T Siemens TRIO, 16 patients who had lived through a “standard experience of breast cancer” (breast cancer and a standard treatment in remission since 18 month) in the absence of any associated stress-related psychiatric or neurological disorder and 21 matched controls. We then assessed their episodic autobiographical memory retrieval ability. Principal Findings Remitted breast cancer patients had both a significantly smaller hippocampus and a significant deficit in episodic autobiographical memory retrieval. The hippocampus atrophy was characterized by a smaller posterior hippocampus. The posterior hippocampus volume was intimately related to the ability to retrieve negative memories and to the past experience of breast cancer or not. Conclusions/Significance These results provide two main findings: (1) we identify a new population with a specific reduction in posterior hippocampus volume that is independent of any psychiatric or neurological pathology; (2) we show the intimate relation of the posterior hippocampus to the ability to retrieve episodic autobiographical memories. These are significant findings as it is the first demonstration that indicates considerable long-term effects of living through the experience of breast cancer and shows very specific hippocampal atrophy with a functional deficit without any presence of psychiatric pathology.
HAMILTON-JACOBI EQUATIONS FOR OPTIMAL CONTROL ON JUNCTIONS AND NETWORKS ∗, ∗∗

We consider continuous-state and continuous-time control problems where the admissible trajectories of the system are constrained to remain on a network. A notion of viscosity solution of Hamilton-Jacobi equations on the network has been proposed in earlier articles. Here, we propose a simple proof of a comparison principle based on arguments from the theory of optimal control.
STARAN parallel processor system hardware

The parallel processing capability of STARAN resides in n array modules (n≤32). Each array module contains 256 small processing elements (PE's). They communicate with a multi-dimensional access (MDA) memory through a "flip" network, which can permute a set of operands to allow inter-PE communication. This gives the programmer a great deal of freedom in using the processing capability of the PE's. At one stage of a program, he may apply this capability to many bits of one or a few items of data; at another stage, he may apply it to one or a few bits of many items of data.
Folded Low Resource HARQ Detector Design and Tradeoff Analysis with Virtex 5 using PlanAhead Tool

Physical Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) Indicator Channel (PHICH) is used to report the correct reception of the uplink user data to the User Equipment (UE) in the form of Acknowledgment (ACK) or Negative ACK (NACK). In Long Term Evolution –Advanced (LTE-A) base station and UE have multiple antenna ports to provide transmit and receive diversities. An algorithm for decoding the HARQ value at UE is designed using maximum likelihood (ML) and maximal ratio combining (MRC) methods. Further, novel low complexity receiver architectures based on the VLSI Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques folding method and parallel processing with folding method to reduce the operational units is proposed to reduce resource consumption. Tradeoff analysis of the proposed structures in terms of the timing cycles, operational resource requirement and resource complexity is discussed. The proposed system is optimal compared to other possible ways as it employs parallel processing with folding approach. It is a suitable solution for the area optimized hardware implementation of physical downlink channel receiver structures LTE-A whose delay results also meet the frame timing constraint. The proposed architectures are used to implement in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Virtex-5 xc5vlx50tff1136-1 device for single/multiple antenna configurations at base station and UE. sjtece@tce.edu KeywordLTE-Advanced, Spatial Diversity, Space Frequency Block Code, Folding, Parallel Processing
EQ and the Bottom Line : Emotional Intelligence Increases Individual Occupational Performance , Leadership and Organisational Productivity

A catalogue entry for this paper is available from the British Library. All information current at time of going to print. The authors and Ei World Limited cannot be held responsible for any information that is inaccurate. The views on emotional intelligence are the authors' own, based on their work and experience in the field of emotional intelligence. The EQ-i™ and EQ-360 are trademarks of MHS.
Probing the reactivity of singlet oxygen with purines

The reaction of singlet molecular oxygen with purine DNA bases is investigated by computational means. We support the formation of a transient endoperoxide for guanine and by classical molecular dynamics simulations we demonstrate that the formation of this adduct does not affect the B-helicity. We thus identify the guanine endoperoxide as a key intermediate, confirming a low-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance proof of its existence, and we delineate its degradation pathway, tracing back the preferential formation of 8-oxoguanine versus spiro-derivates in B-DNA. Finally, the latter oxidized 8-oxodGuo product exhibits an almost barrierless reaction profile, and hence is found, coherently with experience, to be much more reactive than guanine itself. On the contrary, in agreement with experimental observations, singlet-oxygen reactivity onto adenine is kinetically blocked by a higher energy transition state.
Solubility and diffusional uptake of hydrogen in quartz at high water pressures: Implications for hydrolytic weakening

Attempts to introduce molecular water into dry, natural quartz crystals by diffusive transport and thus weaken them hydrolytically at T = 700°–900°C and PH_2O = 400–1550 MPa have failed. Infrared spectroscopy of hydrothermally annealed single crystals of natural quartz reveals the diffusive uptake of interstitial hydrogen (resulting in hydroxyl groups) at rates similar to those previously proposed for intracrystalline water at high water pressures. The solubility of interstitial hydrogen at these conditions is independent of temperature and pressure; instead, it depends upon the initial aluminum concentration by the local charge neutrality condition [H_i·] = [Al_(Si)′]. The rate of interstitial hydrogen diffusion parallel to c is given by an Arrhenius relation with D_0 = 1.4 × 10^(−1) m^2/s and Q = 200 ± 20 kJ/mol, in close agreement with H diffusivities reported for much lower pressures (PH_2O = 2.5 MPa). Deformation experiments following hydrothermal annealing show no mechanical weakening, and the lack of any detectable broadband absorption associated with molecular water shows that the diffusion rates of structural water are much lower than those of hydrogen. These results are consistent with the available oxygen diffusion data for quartz and with the failure to observe weakening in previous studies of quartz deformation at pressures of 300–500 MPa; they call into question the rapid rates of diffusion originally suggested for the hydrolytic weakening defect. It is suggested that the observed weakening in many previous experiments was complicated by microcracking processes in response to nonhydrostatic stresses and low effective confining pressures. Extensive microcracking may provide a mechanism for molecular water to enter quartz and allow local plastic deformation to occur. It does not appear that molecular water can diffuse far enough into uncracked quartz to allow hydrolytic weakening over annealing times that are feasible in the laboratory.
Prediction of Malware Propagation and Links within Communities in Social Media Based Events

This paper is aimed at studying malware propagation on social media and community link prediction. Twitter is taken as the social media platform and data is collected using Twitter4j and MongoDB. A high interaction client honeypot is used to classify benign and malicious URL's. The retweet volume and links between the users are then analyzed. Further to this, the work aims to detect communities that arise from these links between users with the help of BIGClam algorithm.
Vitamin D status and clinical outcomes in incident dialysis patients: results from the NECOSAD study.

BACKGROUND The majority of dialysis patients suffer from vitamin D deficiency, which might contribute to an adverse health outcome. We aimed to elucidate whether European dialysis patients with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are at increased risk of mortality and specific fatal events. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of incident dialysis patients in the Netherlands (the NECOSAD). We selected all patients with measured 25(OH)D at 12 months after the start of dialysis, the baseline for our study. By Cox regression analyses, we assessed the impact of 25(OH)D levels on short-term (6 months of follow-up) as well as longer-term mortality (3 years of follow-up). Associations of 25(OH)D levels with cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality were also determined. RESULTS The data from 762 patients (39% females, age 59 ± 15 years, 25(OH)D = 18 ± 11 ng/mL) were available. Fifty-one and 213 patients died during a follow-up of 6 months and 3 years, respectively. After adjustments for possible confounders, the hazard ratio (HR) (with 95% CI) for mortality was 2.0 (1.0-3.8) for short-term and 1.5 (1.0-2.1) for longer-term mortality when comparing patients with 25(OH)D levels ≤ 10 ng/mL with those presenting with 25(OH)D levels > 10 ng/mL. Adjusted HRs for cardiovascular mortality were 2.7 (1.1-6.5) and 1.7 (1.1-2.7) for short- and longer-term mortality, respectively. For non-cardiovascular mortality, we observed no relevant association overall. The impact of 25(OH)D levels on clinical events was modified by parathyroid hormone (PTH) status, with low 25(OH)D levels meaningfully affecting outcomes only in patients with PTH levels above the median of 123 pmol/L. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency in dialysis patients is associated with an adverse health outcome, in particular with short-term cardiovascular mortality. Intervention studies are urgently needed to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation improves health outcomes of dialysis patients.
SMEs' e-commerce adoption: perspectives from Denmark and Australia

Purpose – The paper aims to provide an insight about factors affecting business‐to‐business e‐commerce adoption and implementation in small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), highlighting similarities and differences between Danish and Australian SMEs.Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on a wide literature review, focused on proposing a theoretical model of technological, environmental and organisational factors influencing e‐commerce adoption and implementation. Subsequently, a questionnaire based on the research model has been developed and face‐to‐face interviews were conducted in Danish and Australian companies.Findings – The findings both corroborate previous results about significant factors affecting SMEs' business‐to‐business e‐commerce adoption and implementation and provide new, interesting insights. The study also finds many similarities and differences between Denmark and Australia.Research limitations/implications – The main limitation relates to the difficulty of generalisa.
Tree-Based Models : Identification of Influential factors under Condition of Instability

The objective of the paper is to determine an overall importance of inputs in a series of runs of SAS® Enterprise Miner Tree node under condition of instability of tree-based models. We discuss simple and practical four step iterative approach of dealing with instability: derive a Paretooptimal set of trees; test hypothesis for concordance of the selected inputs that corresponds to treebased models in the Pareto set; if the hypothesis of concordance is accepted, form overall importance of the union of selected inputs, otherwise try to narrow Pareto set, or add new runs, and go to step one. The importance could be measured on nominal, ordinal or interval scales. Testing for concordance is performed by SAS macros MAGREE and INTRACC. The application of this approach is illustrated by pharmaceutical market research problem of the identification of influential factors for prescribing Viagra (308 inputs, 2000 observations). Skill level of Intended audience is IV.
How to tame your VMs: an automated control system for virtualized services

Modern datacenters contain a large number of virtualized applications and services with constantly changing demands for computing resources. Today's virtualization management tools allow administrators to monitor current resource utilization of virtual machines. However, it is quite challenging to manually translate user-oriented service level objectives (SLOs), such as response time or throughput, to suitable resource allocation levels. We presented an adaptive control system which automates the task of tuning resource allocations and maintains service level objectives. Our system focuses on maintaining the expected response time for multi-tier web applications. Our control system is capable of adjusting resource allocation for each VM so that the applications' response time matches the SLOs. Our approach uses individual tier's response time to model the end-to-end performance of the system. The system helps stabilize applications' response time. It can reduce the mean deviation of the response time from specified targets by up to 80%. Our system also allows the physical servers to double the number of VMs hosted while maintaining the target response time.
Metallicities for 13 nearby open clusters from high-resolution spectroscopy of dwarf and giant stars Stellar metallicity, stellar mass, and giant planets

We present a study of accurate stellar parameters and iron abundances for 39 giants and 16 dwarfs in the 13 open clusters IC 2714, IC 4651, IC 4756, NGC 2360, NGC 2423, NGC 2447 (M 93), NGC 2539, NGC 2682 (M 67), NGC 3114, NGC 3680, NGC 4349, NGC 5822, NGC 6633. The analysis was done using a set of high-resolution and high-S /N spectra obtained with the UVES spectrograph (VLT). These clusters are currently being searched for planets using precise radial velocities. For all the clusters, the derived average metallicities are close to solar. Interestingly, the values derived seem to depend on the line-list used. This dependence and its implications for the study of chemical abundances in giants stars are discussed. We show that a careful choice of the lines may be crucial for the derivation of metallicities for giant stars on the same metallicity scale as those derived for dwarfs. Finally, we discuss the implications of the derived abundances for the metallicity- and mass-giant planet correlation. We conclude that a good knowledge of the two parameters is necessary to correctly disentangle their influence on the formation of giant planets.
MeDUSA: a sage-based tool for computing the stoichiometric capacitance of a metabolic network

Optimization-based analysis of metabolic networks have been used to design metabolic engineering strategies aiming at enhancing the production of a target of interest. Here, we present MeDUSA, a comprehensive tool for the calculation of a stoichiometric capacitance allowing for increasing the maximum production of a given product. MeDUSA provides an extensive sage-based package which, given a metabolic network and an objective function, (i) computes a stoichiometric capacitance and (ii) investigates the effect of adding the calculated stoichiometric capacitance.
Searching for a solution: engineering tradeoffs and the evolution of provably secure protocols

Tradeoffs are an important part of engineering security. Protocol security is important. So are efficiency and cost. The paper provides an early framework for handling such aspects in a uniform way based on combinatorial optimisation techniques. BAN logic is viewed as both a specification and proof system and as a "protocol programming language". The paper shows how evolutionary search in the form of genetic algorithms can be utilised to "grow" correct and efficient BAN protocols and shows how goals and assumptions can co-evolve, effectively engaging in "specification synthesis".
Full Semantics Preservation in Model Transformation – A Comparison of Proof Techniques

Model transformation is a prime technique in modern, model-driven software design. One of the most challenging issues is to show that the semantics of the models is not affected by the transformation. So far, there is hardly any research into this issue, in particular in those cases where the source and target languages are different. In this paper, we are using two different state-of-the-art proof techniques (explicit bisimulation construction versus borrowed contexts) to show bisimilarity preservation of a given model transformation between two simple (self-defined) languages, both of which are equipped with a graph transformation-based operational semantics. The contrast between these proof techniques is interesting because they are based on different model transformation strategies: triple graph grammars versus in situ transformation. We proceed to compare the proofs and discuss scalability to a more realistic setting.
Calorimetric Studies of the Destructive Stimulation of Palladium and Nickel Fine Wires

An experimental program was designed and performed to test three aspects of CMNS studies. A fourth objective was added in the light of reports from Rossi regarding large scale heat release from the nickel – natural hydrogen system, that prompted re-evaluation of earlier work on this system performed by Piantelli, and later claims by Defkalion. © 2014 ISCMNS. All rights reserved. ISSN 2227-3123
Integrated levels of detail

We introduce a new mesh representation for arbitrary surfaces that integrates different levels of detail into the final representation. It is produced after remeshing an existing model and omits storing connectivity information. Switching between resolutions can be instantly accomplished without extra computation. This representation is generated by chartifying initial the mesh, parametrizing and re-meshing each chart using a regular grid of control points in a multilevel approach. Finally, the model becomes watertight by hierarchically stitching each chart's boundary points and normals.
Imaging the atomic structure of activated carbon

The precise atomic structure of activated carbon is unknown, despite its huge commercial importance in the purification of air and water. Diffraction methods have been extensively applied to the study of microporous carbons, but cannot provide an unequivocal identification of their structure. Here we show that the structure of a commercial activated carbon can be imaged directly using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. Images are presented both of the as-produced carbon and of the carbon following heat treatment at 2000 °C. In the 2000 °C carbon clear evidence is found for the presence of pentagonal rings, suggesting that the carbons have a fullerene-related structure. Such a structure would help to explain the properties of activated carbon, and would also have important implications for the modelling of adsorption on microporous carbons.
High-gain disturbance observer tuning seen as a multicriteria optimization problem

The paper analyses the potential use of a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) in finding the parameters of an Extended State Observer (ESO). The ESO in the proposed framework is used as a part of a disturbance-rejection controller, which governs the horizontal position of a nonlinear cart-like system. The considered multicriteria optimization NSGA-II algorithm is introduced to automatically find a set of the observer design parameters that guarantee a desired (and predefined) behavior of the plant. The validity of the considered approach is verified with real experiments conducted on a laboratory testbed.