Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Quality of Radiologic Randomized Controlled Trials: A Bibliometric Analysis Between 1995 and 2014.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this bibliometric study was to assess the characteristics and quality of radiologic randomized controlled trials (RCTs) over the past 20 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PubMed search was conducted to identify radiologic RCTs (defined as RCTs in which the first author or corresponding author is affiliated with a radiology department) published between 1995 and 2014. The following information was extracted from each article: journal, radiologic subspecialty, imaging technique, number of subjects, study result, funding, number of authors, number of institutions, country of origin, and methodologic quality (assessed using the Jadad scale). RESULTS A total of 358 radiologic RCTs were published between 1995 and 2014. Dramatic increases in the numbers of radiologic RCTs were found, from 43 conducted in 1995-1999 to 172 conducted in 2010-2014. One-hundred seventeen (32.7%) RCTs were concerned with the field of vascular and interventional radiology; 78 (21.8%) evaluated more than one imaging technique; 164 (45.8%) had a sample size of 50-150 subjects; 246 (68.7%) showed positive study results; 185 (51.7%) were not funded; 179 (50.0%) had four to seven authors; 263 (73.5%) were single-center trials; 88 (24.6%) had a first author or corresponding author located in the United States; and 187 (52.2%) were of low quality. In the time trend analysis, the following variables showed a significantly positive trend: abdominal imaging subspecialty, CT as the imaging technique, more than 150 subjects, more than seven authors, and high methodologic quality. CONCLUSION The quantity and quality of radiologic RCTs have significantly increased over the past 2 decades; however, the methodologic quality remains suboptimal.
Sustainable fibre materials for replacing plastics in 3D-forming applications

Plastic is a very broad family of materials that may provide a wide array of mechanical properties depending on the plastic or production method in question. This is why many industries have chosen plastic as their material of choice for the production of anything from plastic bags to underground piping. There is, however, a prominent issue concerning the heavy environmental impact of plastic. This is both due to the processing of crude oil and lack of biodegradability which in turn impact nature if the plastic is not processed in a proper waste disposal stream. In some applications such as food trays and food containers, moulded pulp has been used as a sustainable and more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional plastic products for quite some time already. The applications of moulded pulp do however not expand very far at the current time and that is why this thesis seeks to assess the properties of moulded pulp samples to evaluate the potential for replacing plastics in new mass production settings. Moulded pulp does not only have an environmental motivation but it also shows promise of being more economically viable in certain settings and the paper industry is always looking for new applications for them to use the pulp they are manufacturing. There are, of course, many applications where it is not viable or desired to replace plastic at all but the motivation is strong for replacing plastics in applications where it is possible. This is especially due to a general shift in society towards environmental awareness which is a major driving force in changing industries. If people want change, the industry will in most cases have to adapt in order to remain profitable. For this thesis, the focus was on assessing the mechanical properties of moulded pulp and how the fibres and the material behave when thermoformed in a fashion similar to that of thermoformed plastic. This was primarily done through the means of tensile testing of paper sheets and moulded specimens. In addition to this, the effect of reinforcement from microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was also explored. In the end, the results of all the tests were very promising and the strength of the moulded samples was on par with quite a few of the most common plastics used today. The thermoforming, which is one of the most promising methods for moulding paper, also showed its capabilities of producing excellent samples and the future development of thermomoulding processes could result in highly efficient moulding methods down the line. This thesis did not have any specific applications in mind when the research was conducted but when considering the results it is clear that with further research, this material could possibly be used for a wide array of applications and it could possibly be used in a laminate construction to greatly enhance the strength and make the material viable for even structural components.
Laser cladding of cobalt alloy with ceramic nanopowder on steel

There is a need in different industry sectors (automotive, aeronautics, and tooling industries) to improve the performance of material surface under wear and corrosion environments, which cannot be fulfilled by conventional surface modifications and coatings.The aim of this work is to produce cobalt alloy nanocomposites coatings on steel by laser cladding. They are obtained by laser melting blown powder on the steel surface. The powder precursor is obtained by mechanical milling of cobalt alloy micropowder with yttria or titanium carbide nanopowder. A comparison between conventional stellite laser cladded and stellite with nanoparticles laser cladded coatings, regarding their microstructure and mechanical properties (hardness, wear resistance), is established. The yttria particles are segregated into the intergranular space, while the titanium carbide particles are dispersed in both the dendrites and interdendrite space. The effect is the growing of finer and equiaxial dendrites when using yttria, while the titanium carbide nanoparticles introduce an important reinforcement of the cobalt alloy matrix.There is a need in different industry sectors (automotive, aeronautics, and tooling industries) to improve the performance of material surface under wear and corrosion environments, which cannot be fulfilled by conventional surface modifications and coatings.The aim of this work is to produce cobalt alloy nanocomposites coatings on steel by laser cladding. They are obtained by laser melting blown powder on the steel surface. The powder precursor is obtained by mechanical milling of cobalt alloy micropowder with yttria or titanium carbide nanopowder. A comparison between conventional stellite laser cladded and stellite with nanoparticles laser cladded coatings, regarding their microstructure and mechanical properties (hardness, wear resistance), is established. The yttria particles are segregated into the intergranular space, while the titanium carbide particles are dispersed in both the dendrites and interdendrite space. The effect is the growing of finer and equiaxial dendrites when using yttria, while t.
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States, 2002-2006.

BACKGROUND This report compares the clinical characteristics, epidemiologic investigations, infection-control evaluations, and microbiologic findings of all 7 of the cases of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) infection in the United States during the period 2002-2006. METHODS Epidemiologic, clinical, and infection-control information was collected. VRSA isolates underwent confirmatory identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and typing of the resistance genes. To assess VRSA transmission, case patients and their contacts were screened for VRSA carriage. RESULTS Seven cases were identified from 2002 through 2006; 5 were reported from Michigan, 1 was reported from Pennsylvania, and 1 was reported from New York. All VRSA isolates were vanA positive and had a median vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration of 512 microg/mL. All case patients had a history of prior methicillin-resistant S. aureus and enterococcal infection or colonization; all had several underlying conditions, including chronic skin ulcers; and most had received vancomycin therapy prior to their VRSA infection. Person-to-person transmission of VRSA was not identified beyond any of the case patients. Infection-control precautions were evaluated and were consistent with established guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Seven patients with vanA-positive VRSA have been identified in the United States. Prompt detection by microbiology laboratories and adherence to recommended infection control measures for multidrug-resistant organisms appear to have prevented transmission to other patients.
Large Eddy Simulation of a Collapsing Vapor Bubble Containing Non-Condensable Gas

We investigate numerically the effect of non-condensable gas inside a vapor bubble on the bubble dynamics and the collapse pressure. Free gas in the vapor bubble has a cushioning effect that can weaken the pressure wave and enhance the bubble rebound. In order to access this effect numerically, simulations of collapsing vapor bubbles containing non-condensable gas are performed. In the simulations, the effects of the gas on the rebound and the shockwave energy are monitored for different operating points with varying initial gas contents pg;0 inside the bubble and driving pressures Dp. For the cavitating liquid and the non-condensable gas we employ a homogeneous mixture model with a coupled equation of state for all components and the cavitation model is a barotropic thermodynamic equilibrium model, which is embedded in a higher order implicit large eddy approach for narrow stencils. Compressibility of all phases is considered, to capture the shockwave of the bubble collapse. The effect of the free gas on the rebound and the dampening of the emitted shockwave by the gas contained in the bubble are well captured by our simulations.
Incorporates into Activated and Malignant a Nonhuman Sialic Acid That Metabolically Effects of Natural Human Antibodies against

Dzung H. Nguyen, Pam Tangvoranuntakul and Ajit Varkihttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/175/1/228J Immunol€2005; 175:228-236; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/175/1/228.full#ref-list-1This article cites 44 articles, 18 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
Modal Stress Analysis of a Cracked Woven Composite Beam under Compression

In this study, modal stress analysis of carbon fiber plain weave cracked composite beams under compression is considered. General-purpose finite element code MSC. Marc is used for the finite element beam models. Before understanding the compression effect on the beam, dynamic characteristics of the models are compared with the experimental evaluations. Investigation of quasi-static and dynamic (equivalent von Mises stress and elastic strain energy density) behavior of the plain weave cracked beams with two different thicknesses under compression is examined numerically. Results are given in tabular and graphical form.
Semi-parametric efficiency bounds for regression models under generalised case-control sampling : the profile likelihood approach

We obtain an information bound for estimates of parameters in general regression models where data is collected under a variety of response-selective sampling schemes. The asymptotic variances of the semi-parametric estimates of Scott and Wild (1986, 1997, 2001) are compared to the bound and the estimates are found to be fully efficient.
A computational model of texture segmentation

An algorithm for finding texture boundaries in images is developed on the basis of a computational model of human texture perception. The model consists of three stages: (1) the image is convolved with a bank of even-symmetric linear filters followed by half-wave rectification to give a set of responses; (2) inhibition, localized in space, within and among the neural response profiles results in the suppression of weak responses when there are strong responses at the same or nearby locations; and (3) texture boundaries are detected using peaks in the gradients of the inhibited response profiles. The model is precisely specified, equally applicable to grey-scale and binary textures, and is motivated by detailed comparison with psychophysics and physiology. It makes predictions about the degree of discriminability of different texture pairs which match very well with experimental measurements of discriminability in human observers. From a machine-vision point of view, the scheme is a high-quality texture-edge detector which works equally on images of artificial and natural scenes. The algorithm makes the use of simple local and parallel operations, which makes it potentially real-time. <<ETX>>
Palmprint Verification with Moments

Palmprint verification is an approach for verifying a palmprint input by matching the input to the claimed identity template stored in a database. If the dissimilarity measure between the input and the claimed template is below the predefined threshold value, the palmprint input is verified possessing same identity as the claimed identity template. This paper introduces an experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of utilizing three well known orthogonal moments, namely Zernike moments, pseudo Zernike moments and Legendre moments, in the application of palmprint verification. Moments are the most commonly used technique in character feature extraction. The idea of implementing orthogonal moments as palmprint feature extractors is prompted by the fact that principal features of both character and palmprint are based on line structure. These orthogonal moments are able to define statistical and geometrical features containing line structure information about palmprint. An experimental study about verification rate of the palmprint authentication system using these three orthogonal moments as feature descriptors has been discussed here. Experimental results show that the performance of the system is dependent on the moment order as well as the type of moments. The orthogonal property of these moments is able to characterize independent features of the palmprint image and thus have minimum information redundancy in a moment set. Pseudo Zernike moments of order of 15 has the best performance among all the moments. Its verification rate is 95.75%, which also represents the overall performance of this palmprint verification system.
Ephrin-A5 restricts topographically specific arborization in the chick retinotectal projection in vivo

The retinotectal map is the best characterized model system to study how axons respond to guidance cues during the formation of the nervous system. Recent studies have shown that the critical event in forming this map is topographic-specific axon branching. To elucidate the in vivo role of the repulsive cue ephrin-A5 in this event, we used chromophore-assisted laser inactivation (CALI) to generate acute loss of ephrin-A5 function in localized areas of the posterior tectum of chick embryos in ovo and analyzed the resulting changes of retinal projections during initial outgrowth (E11) and when retinal axons arborize in the deep layers in the tectum (E12). We confirmed that ephrin-A5 functions to restrict initial axon outgrowth at E11. At E12, CALI of ephrin-A5 did not affect the extent of axon outgrowth on the tectal surface but instead caused ectopic arborization posterior to the topographically correct site in deeper layers of the tectum. This shows that ephrin-A5 restricts arborization during this critical process for developing the retinotopic map. CALI provides an approach to inactivate in vivo function in higher vertebrates with high temporal and spatial specificity that may have wide application.
An Instantiation-Based Approach for Solving Quantified Linear Arithmetic

This paper presents a framework to derive instantiation-based decision procedures for satisfiability of quantified formulas in first-order theories, including its correctness, implementation, and evaluation. Using this framework we derive decision procedures for linear real arithmetic (LRA) and linear integer arithmetic (LIA) formulas with one quantifier alternation. Our procedure can be integrated into the solving architecture used by typical SMT solvers. Experimental results on standardized benchmarks from model checking, static analysis, and synthesis show that our implementation of the procedure in the SMT solver CVC4 outperforms existing tools for quantified linear arithmetic.
Electronic Reprint Applied Crystallography Instrumental Setup for High-throughput Small-and Wide-angle Solution Scattering at the X33 Beamline of Embl Hamburg Applied Crystallography Instrumental Setup for High-throughput Small-and Wide-angle Solution Scattering at the X33 Beamline of Embl Hamburg

Author(s) of this paper may load this reprint on their own web site or institutional repository provided that this cover page is retained. Republication of this article or its storage in electronic databases other than as specified above is not permitted without prior permission in writing from the IUCr. Many research topics in condensed matter research, materials science and the life sciences make use of crystallographic methods to study crystalline and non-crystalline matter with neutrons, X-rays and electrons. Articles published in the Journal of Applied Crystallography focus on these methods and their use in identifying structural and diffusion-controlled phase transformations, structure-property relationships, structural changes of defects, interfaces and surfaces, etc. Developments of instrumentation and crystallographic apparatus, theory and interpretation, numerical analysis and other related subjects are also covered. The journal is the primary place where crystallographic computer program information is published. A setup is presented for automated high-throughput measurements of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) from macromolecular solutions on the bending-magnet beamline X33 of EMBL at the storage ring DORIS-III (DESY, Hamburg). A new multi-cell compartment allows for rapid switching between in-vacuum and in-air operation, for digital camera assisted control of cell filling and for colour sample illumination. The beamline is equipped with a Pilatus 1 M-W pixel detector for SAXS and a Pilatus 300 k-W for wide-angle scattering (WAXS), and results from the use of the Pilatus detectors for scattering studies are reported. The setup provides a broad resolution range from 100 to 0.36 nm without the necessity of changing the sample-to-detector distance. A new optimized robotic sample changer is installed, permitting rapid and reliable automated sample loading and cell cleaning with a required sample volume of 40 ml. All the devices are fully integrated into the beamline control software system, ensuring fully automated and user-friendly operation (attended, unattended and remote) with a throughput of up to 15 measurements per hour.
The dental trauma internet calculator.

BACKGROUND/AIM Prediction tools are increasingly used to inform patients about the future dental health outcome. Advanced statistical methods are required to arrive at unbiased predictions based on follow-up studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Internet risk calculator at the Dental Trauma Guide provides prognoses for teeth with traumatic injuries based on the Copenhagen trauma database: http://www.dentaltraumaguide. org The database includes 2191 traumatized permanent teeth from 1282 patients that were treated at the dental trauma unit at the University Hospital in Copenhagen (Denmark) in the period between 1972 and 1991. Subgroup analyses and estimates of event probabilities were based on the Kaplan-Meier and the Aalen-Johansen method. RESULTS The Internet risk calculator shows individualized prognoses for the short- and long-term healing outcome of traumatized teeth with the following injuries: concussion, subluxation, extrusion, lateral luxation, intrusion, avulsion, crown fractures without luxation, root fractures and alveolar fractures. The prognoses for pulp necrosis, pulp canal obliteration, infection-related root resorption, ankylosis, surface resorption, marginal bone loss, and tooth loss were based on the tooth's root development stage and other risk factors at the time of the injury. CONCLUSIONS This article explains the database, the functionality and the statistical approach of the Internet risk calculator.
Femtosecond Laser Modification of Fe3+ dopedCalcium Phosphates

Calcium phosphate based biominerals are the main inorganic constituent of bone and teeth. Therefore, the processing of these minerals provides a unique solution for a bioactive, structural material which can be used inside the body instead of typical bioinert materials. Dental enamel, a highly crystalline calcium phosphate, is prone to acid erosion and wear, which affects all ages, an early sign of which is hypersensitivity. Calcium phosphate minerals also play an important role in bone restoration and growth, and with an increased ageing population the number of hip and knee replacement revision surgeries are becoming more common. In this study, the main objective was to investigate the use of femtosecond pulsed lasers for sintering and processing of modified calcium phosphate minerals in order to analyse the efficacy of these methods for interfacial bonding and adhesion to titanium implant materials and dental enamel. Calcium phosphate minerals, specifically hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6OH2), were synthesised through the wet chemistry synthesis method, and were modified with the substitution of Fe3+ ions in various doping regimes. These materials were characterised via XRD, SEM, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, particle size analysis and TGA/DSC. The following materials where then irradiated with near infrared sources in a variety of pulse repetition rates ranging from single shot to 1GHz. Ablation thresholds of the materials were found to remain relatively constant despite the addition of Fe3+ impurities into the structure. And working in lower repetition rate regimes, did not allow for successful sintering of the materials, however, it could be bonded to the titanium substrates relatively in this regime. Higher repetition rates regimes allowed for reasonable heat accumulation in the material which then generated more successful sintering and bonding onto dental enamel surfaces.
Federal budget.

The Founding Fathers in drafting the Constitution recognized that a Federal Government would require funds to support itself and specifically granted power to Congress to levy taxes to do so. “ The Congress shall have Power to Lay and collect taxes. To pay Debts and provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of the United States. ” The Constitution also states that “All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. ”
Central Aortic Cannulation for Stanford Type A Aortic Dissection with the Use of Three‐Dimensional and Two‐Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography

There is still significant disagreement among surgeons about the best method for arterial cannulation to institute cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (STAADs). This study aimed to provide support for central aortic cannulation as a viable and preferable option, as it reduces time to institute CPB, operative times, and decreases the complexity of the procedure.