Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A modeling framework for the establishment and spread of invasive species in heterogeneous environments

Abstract Natural and human‐induced events are continuously altering the structure of our landscapes and as a result impacting the spatial relationships between individual landscape elements and the species living in the area. Yet, only recently has the influence of the surrounding landscape on invasive species spread started to be considered. The scientific community increasingly recognizes the need for broader modeling framework that focuses on cross‐study comparisons at different spatiotemporal scales. Using two illustrative examples, we introduce a general modeling framework that allows for a systematic investigation of the effect of habitat change on invasive species establishment and spread. The essential parts of the framework are (i) a mechanistic spatially explicit model (a modular dispersal framework—MDIG) that allows population dynamics and dispersal to be modeled in a geographical information system (GIS), (ii) a landscape generator that allows replicated landscape patterns with partially controllable spatial properties to be generated, and (iii) landscape metrics that depict the essential aspects of landscape with which dispersal and demographic processes interact. The modeling framework provides functionality for a wide variety of applications ranging from predictions of the spatiotemporal spread of real species and comparison of potential management strategies, to theoretical investigation of the effect of habitat change on population dynamics. Such a framework allows to quantify how small‐grain landscape characteristics, such as habitat size and habitat connectivity, interact with life‐history traits to determine the dynamics of invasive species spread in fragmented landscape. As such, it will give deeper insights into species traits and landscape features that lead to establishment and spread success and may be key to preventing new incursions and the development of efficient monitoring, surveillance, control or eradication programs.
Free Spaces as Organizational Weapons of the Weak

Free spaces are arenas insulated from the control of elites in organizations and societies. A basic question is whether they incubate challenges to authority. We suggest that free spaces foster collective empowerment when they assemble large numbers of people, arouse intense emotion, trigger collective identities, and enable individuals to engage in costly collective action. We analyze challenges to authority that invite repression: mutinies of regiments in the East India Company’s Bengal Native Army in India in 1857. We take advantage of an exogenous source of variation in the availability of free spaces—religious festivals. We predict that mutinies are most likely to occur at or right after a religious festival and find that the hazard of mutiny declines with time since a festival. We expect community ties to offer alternate avenues of mobilization, such as when regiments were stationed close to the towns and villages from which they were recruited. Moreover, festivals are likely to be more potent instantiations of free spaces when regiments were exposed to an oppositional identity, such as a Christian mission. Yet even free spaces have a limited ability to trigger collective action, such as when the political opportunity structure is adverse and prospective participants are deterred by greater chances of failure. These predictions are supported by analyses of daily event-history data of mutinies in 1857, suggesting that free spaces are an organizational weapon of the weak and not a substitute for dissent.
AP‐3: an adaptor‐like protein complex with ubiquitous expression

We have identified two closely related human proteins (σ3A and σ3B) that are homologous to the small chains, σ1 and σ2, of clathrin‐associated adaptor complexes. Northern and Western blot analyses demonstrate that the products of both the σ3A and σ3B genes are expressed in a wide variety of tissues and cell lines. σ3A and σ3B are components of a large complex, named AP‐3, that also contains proteins of apparent molecular masses of 47, 140 and 160 kDa. In non‐neuronal cells, the 47 kDa protein most likely corresponds to the medium chain homolog p47A, and the 140 kDa protein is a homolog of the neuron‐specific protein β‐NAP. Like other members of the medium‐chain family, the p47A chain is capable of interacting with the tyrosine‐based sorting signal YQRL from TGN38. Immunofluorescence microscopy analyses show that the σ3‐containing complex is present both in the area of the TGN and in peripheral structures, some of which contain the transferrin receptor. These results suggest that the σ3 chains are components of a novel, ubiquitous adaptor‐like complex involved in the recognition of tyrosine‐based sorting signals.
Priest as Teacher II: Understanding Priests’ Communicative Misbehaviors

The purpose of this study was to identify what Catholic parishioners perceive to be Priests’ communicative misbehaviors. Building from Kearney, Plax, Hays, & Ivey (1991) original work on teacher misbehaviors, Priests’ communicative misbehaviors are considered those messages that detract from Mass/worship. Parishioners were able to identify perceived Priests’ misbehaviors and their own reactions. Misbehaviors primarily related to interaction, Priests’ messages, and perceived procedural violations. Informing findings, parishioners reported both their emotional and behavioral reactions. Results can be used to help train religious leaders, as a metric for the assessment of religious leaders’ performance, and as a tool to evaluate existing training programs. Findings inform communication research by utilizing both an under-researched sample and site, as well as offering a rich description of perceived misbehaviors.
Operant conditioning of spinal reflexes: from basic science to clinical therapy

New appreciation of the adaptive capabilities of the nervous system, recent recognition that most spinal cord injuries are incomplete, and progress in enabling regeneration are generating growing interest in novel rehabilitation therapies. Here we review the 35-year evolution of one promising new approach, operant conditioning of spinal reflexes. This work began in the late 1970’s as basic science; its purpose was to develop and exploit a uniquely accessible model for studying the acquisition and maintenance of a simple behavior in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The model was developed first in monkeys and then in rats, mice, and humans. Studies with it showed that the ostensibly simple behavior (i.e., a larger or smaller reflex) rests on a complex hierarchy of brain and spinal cord plasticity; and current investigations are delineating this plasticity and its interactions with the plasticity that supports other behaviors. In the last decade, the possible therapeutic uses of reflex conditioning have come under study, first in rats and then in humans. The initial results are very exciting, and they are spurring further studies. At the same time, the original basic science purpose and the new clinical purpose are enabling and illuminating each other in unexpected ways. The long course and current state of this work illustrate the practical importance of basic research and the valuable synergy that can develop between basic science questions and clinical needs.
A Characterization of Easily Testable Induced Subgraphs Extended Abstract

Let H be a fixed graph on h vertices. We say that a graph G is induced H-free if it does not contain any induced copy of H. Let G be a graph on n vertices and suppose that at least n edges have to be added to or removed from it in order to make it induced H-free. It was shown in [5] that in this case G contains at least f( , h)n induced copies of H, where 1/f( , h) is an extremely fast growing function in 1/ , that is independent of n. As a consequence it follows that for every H, testing induced H-freeness with one-sided error has query complexity independent of n. A natural question, raised by the first author in [1], is to decide for which graphs H the function 1/f( ,H) can be bounded from above by a polynomial in 1/ . An equivalent question is, for which graphs H, can one design a one-sided error property tester for testing induced Hfreeness, whose query complexity is polynomial in 1/ . We answer this question by showing that, quite surprisingly, for any graph other than the paths of lengths 1,2 and 3, the cycle of length 4, and their complements, no such property tester exists. We further show that a similar result also applies to the case of directed graphs, thus answering a question raised by the authors in [9]. We finally show that the same results hold even in the case of two-sided error property testers. The proofs combine combinatorial, graph theoretic and probabilistic arguments with results from additive number theory.
Towards an Understanding of Integration amongst Hospitality and Tourism Students using Bennett's Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity

By many measures, the higher education classroom is becoming more culturally diverse and recent years have seen a steady increase in the number of international students studying at UK universities. Using Bennett’s (1986, 1993) Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) and the recent re-developments it has received from Hammer, Bennett and Wiseman (2003), this study aims to measure the extent to which both home and international students are interculturally sensitive towards each others’ needs in a post-92 British University. Using a cohort of undergraduate students this research identified emerging problems and benefits associated with cultural differences with international students progressing toward ethnorelative stages and UK students retaining ethnocentric attitudes.
Effects of two kinds of aerobic training on body fat content and serum lipid profile in cadets

Effects of two kinds of aerobic training on body fat content and serum lipid profile in cadets Study aim: To assess the effects of aerobic training on body fat content and serum lipid profile. Material and methods: A group of 45 male members of Brazilian Military Police Academy, aged 18 - 32 years, were subjected randomly assigned into 3 subgroups and to 12-week programmes: aerobic fatmax zone training (FG; n = 18), traditional military training (TM; n = 15) and non-training control group (C; n = 12). Body fat content (3 skinfolds), serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides), waist circumference (WC) and O2max (12-min test) were determined. Results: O2max significantly (p<0.05) increased and body fat content decreased in both experimental group compared with the control one. Significant (p<0.05) reductions in WC and LDL vs. control group were observed in the TM group only. Conclusions: The applied aerobic training induced a decrease in percent body fat irrespectively of the kind of training.
Recomposição da relação sujeito–trabalho nos modelos emergentes de carreira

The purpose of this article is to analyze the reconstruction of the subject-work relationship found in emerging career models emerging from the confluence of sociological, psychological and managerial traditions. We use the term reconstruction because these models share a commonspirit of the times that became widespread over the past four decades and consists in emphasizing the weakening, precarization, disassemblyand consequent need for transformation of traditional career models, seated on a concept of employment that is a heirloom from the industrialsociety. We introduce and analyze the central assumptions of eight emerging career models and, based on them, investigate how the subject, work and organizations are re-worked in response to the de-institutionalization of work that took place as they were proposed. We conclude by proposing that emerging career models are discursive devices whose criticism may yield valuable information on the ambiguities and contradictions surrounding work today.
Best fusing of acoustic and prosodic features: Application to speaker recognition

This paper assesses two popular speaker features prosodic and cepstral coefficient. We compare the performance of individual features and features combined via PCA and LDA. The identification process can be performed both in the temporal and cepstral domains. The result show that the reduced sets of the composite LDA feature allow more robust estimates for the model parameters and improve the Recognition Rate (RR), as well as reducing the size which is crucial for real-time speaker recognition application using low-resource devices.
Factors influencing attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help among South Asian students in Britain

The present study examined the associations between attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help (ATSPPH), adherence to Asian values, cultural mistrust, and salience of ethnic identity in a sample of South Asian university students in Britain. A total of 148 participants completed a survey consisting of measures of the afore-mentioned variables, and provided their demographic details. Preliminary analyses showed that women held significantly more positive ATSPPH than men ( = 0.51); there were also small differences between participants of Indian, Pakistani, and other South Asian descent. Further analyses revealed that ATSPPH was significantly predicted by ethnic identity, cultural mistrust, and adherence to Asian values, once the effects of participant sex and ethnicity had been partialled out. The implications of these results for promoting mental health care utilisation among South Asian students are discussed in conclusion.
Modified high frequency phase disposition pulse width modulation for modular cascaded H-bridge multilevel converters

Modulation plays a vital role for the proper and reliable operation of power converters. For high power and medium voltage applications, cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel converters (MLC) are becoming industry standard. In this article, a modified high frequency phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) technique is proposed. The proposed technique is applied to 1.0 MVA 3.0 kV, 3-phase 5-level CHB converter to validate the improved performance regarding total harmonic distortion (THD), suppression of lower order harmonics and less bulky filtering circuitry. As a reference for modulation, third harmonic injected sixty degree bus clamped signals are applied to the proposed phase disposed carrier signals. All the simulation works are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Optical Coherence Tomography of Laryngeal Cancer

Objectives: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high‐resolution optical imaging technique that produces cross‐sectional images of living tissues using light in a manner similar to ultrasound. This prospective study evaluated the ability of OCT to identify the characteristics of laryngeal cancer and measure changes in the basement membrane, tissue microstructure, and the transition zone at the edge of tumors.
The internet and possibilities for counter accounts: some reflections

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend the debate about the emancipatory potential of the internet by commenting on the papers in this issue by Gallhofer et al. and by Paisey and Paisey.Design/methodology/approach – The paper locates the internet within the politics of neoliberalism.Findings – The internet is just another technology and its use and influence depend on the social and political contexts. The internet is not seen as a panacea but rather as a communicative device which has the potential to facilitate change. Whether that is realised depends upon how the counter accounts and critiques disseminated through it connect with the common sense of the people.Originality/value – The paper encourages engagement with technology and also persuades readers to develop counter accounts and critiques of contemporary social problems.
Grouping Beginner's Programming Ability for Animation Creation Using Cluster Analysis

We have been using animation creation to stimulate students' interest in programming. We proposed a method to measure a beginner's programming ability and investigated the animation programs created by these beginners over several years. The function point (FP) and lines of code (LOC) methods were used to quantitatively evaluate the programming ability. In this study, we focused on the relationship between LOC and FP. The LOC/FP indicates the relationship between the number of lines and the number of functions in the program. To investigate the relationship, cluster analysis was used to divide the animations into groups.
Monte carlo simulations of MATROSHKA experiment outside ISS

Concerns about the biological effects of space radiation are increasing rapidly due to the perspective of long-duration manned missions, both in relation to the International Space Station (ISS) and to manned interplanetary missions to Mars in the future. As a preparation for these long duration space missions it is important to ensure an excellent capability to evaluate the impact of space radiation on human health in order to secure the safety of the astronauts/cosmonauts and minimize their risks. It is therefore necessary to measure the radiation load on the personnel both inside and outside the space vehicles and to certify that organ and tissue equivalent doses can be simulated as accurate as possible. In this paper we will present simulations using the three-dimensional Monte Carlo Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) of long term dose measurements performed with the ESA supported experiment MATROSHKA (MTR), which is an anthropomorphic phantom containing over 6000 radiation detectors, mimicking a human head and torso. The MTR experiment, led by the German Aerospace Center (DLR), was launched in January 2004 and has measured the absorbed dose from space radiation both inside and outside the ISS. In this paper comparisons of measured and calculated dose and organ doses in the MTR located outside the ISS will be presented and uncertainties of the simulations will be discussed. This project was funded by the European Commission in the frame of the FP7 HAMLET project (Project # 218817). 12
"Organisational transformation": Wavering on the edge of ambiguity

Organisational transformation has become one of the most used change concepts of our time, but researchers and practitioners seldom pause to consider the meaning of this concept more explicitly. The meaning parameters of organisational transformation are explored from within the prevailing literature and considered in terms of the results of a qualitative study of limited scope conducted among managers of a local government institution. Both the literature and the findings of the study reveal substantial variation in the meaning of transformation, which is considered undesirable for change management practices. The implications of the study are briefly indicated. Opsomming Organisasie transformasie het een van die mees gebruikte veranderingskonsepte van ons tyd geword, maar navorsers en praktisyns verpoos selde om die betekenis van die konsep meer eksplisiet te oorweeg. Die betekenisparameters van organisasie transformasie word vanuit die bestaande literatuur ondersoek en vergelyk met die resultate van ’n kwalitatiewe studie van beperkte omvang wat met bestuurders van ’n plaaslike regseringsinstansie onderneem is. Beide die literatuur en die bevindinge van die studie toon omvangryke variasie in die betekenis van transformasie, wat as ongewens vir veranderingsbestuurspraktyke beskou word. Die implikasies van die studie word kortliks aangedui.
Telemetric recording of sleep and home cage activity in mice.

STUDY OBJECTIVES This study assessed differences in spontaneous sleep and locomotor activity in inbred and hybrid mouse strains and evaluated telemetry for recording sleep in mice. DESIGN Uninterrupted recordings of sleep and home cage activity were obtained in four mouse strains. Pre-operative and post-operative home cage activity was obtained in two strains. SETTINGS N/A PARTICIPANTS: The subjects were mice of three inbred (C57BL/6J (B6), n=25; BALB/cJ (C), n=24; DBA/2J (D2), n=30) strains and one hybrid (CB6F1/J (CB6: C x B6), n=19) strain. INTERVENTIONS Electroencephalogram (EEG) and activity were recorded by telemetry, and behavioral states were visually scored based on EEG and activity records. Home cage activity was determined utilizing photobeam interruptions. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS 1) Among the three inbred strains: C mice had the least sleep and the greatest amount of activity; D2 mice exhibited the least non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, the longest average NREM-bout length, and the greatest diurnal ratio of sleep and were the most inactive; B6 mice had the most sleep and an intermediate activity level; no differences among inbred strains were observed in total REM. The CB6 mice exhibited intermediate levels of total sleep and activity and had greater amounts of REM compared to its parental strains. 2) Total operative mortality was 9.3%, with all deaths occurring within 3 to 9 days after the operation; significant reductions in activity were observed after the operation. CONCLUSION Differences in spontaneous sleep and activity exist among inbred and hybrid mouse strains. Accurate determination of sleep states in mice can be achieved with telemetrically recorded EEG and activity.
The Zone of Proximal Development between Adaptive Learning and Reputation-based Group Activities

Vygotskij’s educational concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) calls for an adaptation of learning activities to the present state of learner’s knowledge and abilities. At the same time, Vygotskij’s educational model includes a strong bent towards social and collaborative learning. In practice, a tight integration between personalized and collaborative learning is called for. Along this line, we exploit two previously implemented prototypes of systems for web-based e-learning, to investigate the integration of adaptive e-learning with social learning activities, both at individual and group level. LECOMPS is a web-based e-learning environment for the automated construction of adaptive learning paths. SOCIALX is a web-based system for shared e-learning activities, which implements a reputation system to provide feedback to its participants. We propose a two-way tunneling strategy to integrate the above prototypes: the LECOMPS student model is used to select the set of social activities (met in SOCIALX) according to the present individual learner state of knowledge; on the other hand, the solution of exercises, and the associated reputation gained in SOCIALX, are used to update the LECOMPS student model. Under the social perspective induced by the integration, we present a mapping between the student model and the definition of Vygotskij’s Autonomous Problem Solving and Proximal Development regions, with the aim to provide the learner with better guidance, especially in the selection of available social learning activities.
Ethnographic Research in Medical Sociology

Medical sociology ranges from studies of formal medical care to those of health, healing, and caring practices outside the health care system. This field has had a history of ethnographic and qualitative research since its beginnings. Because few studies in medical sociology derive from immersion in a setting, the authors examine those qualitative works in which researchers and subjects had sustained contact. They focus only on major areas in which ethnographic contributions have clustered: (1) disability, chronic illness, and terminal illness; (2) caring and curing; (3) medical sociology in aging research; (4) socialization into health care professions; and (5) the ethnography of ethics. Throughout this review, the added value of ethnographic research to each specific area is noted. Ethnographic research has enriched medical sociology with its emphasis on descriptive detail, meanings, ongoing processes, and concepts. The article ends with a discussion of methodological considerations for conducting research and a summary statement.