Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Action Potential Propagation in Cardiac Ventricular Tissue Using an Efficient PDE Model

Signal transmission in the form of propagating waves of electrical excitation is a fast type of communication and coordination between cells that is known in cardiac tissue as the action potential.In this article we used an efficient model of cardiac ventricular cell that is based on partial differential equations(PDE). After that a computational algorithm for action potential propagation was represented that according to this algorithm and proposed efficient model, We demonstrated action potential propagation in one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) space lattices using the central finite-difference method.In addition we investigated the effect of obstacles on the propagation of normal action potential using represented 2D excitable medium.Our results show that proposed efficient model, represented algorithm and excitable media are suitable for simulation of action potential propagation in cardiac tissue. Traveling waves transmit information through space and always an excitable medium serves to promote propagation. an excitable medium is typically comprised of a continuous set of locally excitable regions,which can be both inde- pendently stimulated and inhibited.these media exhibit a sensitivity threshold blow which the media persist undis- turbed at a stable resting state.while subthreshold perturba- tions are rapidly diminished, greater than threshold signals induce an abrupt local transformation within a portion of the medium. shortly after this change occurs, the region becomes transiently refractory to further perturbation, after which it relaxes to the resting state. The bioelectric activity of cardiac cells results from the transport processes of ionic species across the membrane through voltage-gated ion channels. The ion channels act as gates that regulate the permeabilities of sodium, potassium and calcium ions. At rest, the cell maintains a constant, negative transmembrane voltage, called the resting potential. However, if a strong enough depolarizing current is passed through the membrane, the cell departs from equilibrium and responds with a sharp change in the transmembrane voltage followed by a return to the resting state. This rapid course of the transmembrane voltage is called action poten- tial (AP) that is the fastest form of communications in the cardiac excitable tissue. Conduction of AP in the heart occurs by electrotonic mechanisms, in which the local
Wurst: a protein threading server with a structural scoring function, sequence profiles and optimized substitution matrices

Wurst is a protein threading program with an emphasis on high quality sequence to structure alignments (http://www.zbh.uni-hamburg.de/wurst). Submitted sequences are aligned to each of about 3000 templates with a conventional dynamic programming algorithm, but using a score function with sophisticated structure and sequence terms. The structure terms are a log-odds probability of sequence to structure fragment compatibility, obtained from a Bayesian classification procedure. A simplex optimization was used to optimize the sequence-based terms for the goal of alignment and model quality and to balance the sequence and structural contributions against each other. Both sequence and structural terms operate with sequence profiles.
Performance-Aware Task Management and Frequency Scaling in Embedded Systems

Due to the dissemination of smartphones and tablets, a constant complexity growth can be observed for both embedded systems and mobile applications. However, this results in an increase in energy consumption. To guarantee longer battery life cycles, it is fundamental to develop system level strategies that allow guaranteeing the applications' required quality of service by managing the available system resources. In this paper a new task management framework is proposed that controls, in real-time, the execution of multi-threaded applications in order to meet their performance targets. For this, we amend the Linux CFS scheduler decisions to efficiently control the shared resource utilization of parallel applications. The proposed framework relies on runtime performance modelling of both the underlying architecture and the running applications to scale the system resource allocation and frequency. As a result, efficient application execution is achieved not only in terms of performance, but also in energy consumption. Experimental results show that the proposed approach satisfies the applications required performance level by decreasing the relative performance error from 2.801 to 0.168, while achieving 49 % energy savings.
Photometric monitoring of the blazar 3C 345 for the period 1996–2006

We present the results of the blazar 3C 345 monitoring in Johnson-Cousins BVRI bands for the period 1996–2006. We have collected 29 V and 43 R data points for this period; the BI light curves contain a few measurements only. The accuracy of our photometry is not better than 0.03 mag in the VR bands. The total amplitude of the variability obtained from our data is 2.06 mag in the V and 2.25 mag in the R band. 3C 345 showed periods of flaring activity during 1998/99 and 2001: a maximum of the blazar brightness was detected in 2001 February – 15.345 mag in the V and 14.944 mag in the R band. We confirm that during brighter stages 3C 345 becomes redder; for higher fluxes the colour index seems to be less dependent on the magnitude. The intra-night monitoring of 3C 345 in three consecutive nights in 2001 August revealed no significant intra-night variability; 3C 345 did not show evident flux changes over timescales of weeks around the period of the intra-night monitoring. This result supports the existing facts that intra-night variability is correlated with rapid flux changes rather than with specific flux levels. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interpreting the semantics of music notation using an extensible and object-oriented system

This research builds on prior work in Adaptive Optical Music Recognition (AOMR) (Fujinaga 1996) to create a system for the interpretation of musical semantics. The existing AOMR system is highly extensible, allowing the end user to add new symbols and types of notations at run-time. It was therefore imperative that the new system have the ability to easily define the musical semantics of those new symbols. Python proved to be an effective tool with which to build an elegant and extensible system for the interpretation of musical semantics.
Fears of peers? Explaining peer and public shaming in global governance

This article conducts a comparative analysis of peer and public pressure in peer reviews among states. Arguing that such pressure is one increasingly important form of shaming in global politics, we seek to understand the extent to which five different peer reviews exert peer and public pressure and how possible variation among them can be explained. Our findings are based on responses to an original survey and semi-structured interviews among participants in the reviews. We find that peer and public pressure exist to different degrees in the peer reviews under study. Such differences cannot be explained by the policy area under review or the international organization in which peer reviews are organized. Likewise, the expertise of the actors involved in a peer review or perceptions of the legitimacy of peer review as a monitoring instrument do not explain the variation. Instead, we find that institutional factors and the acceptance of peer and public pressure among the participants in a peer review offer the best explanations.
Pain demands attention: a cognitive-affective model of the interruptive function of pain.

Pain interrupts and demands attention. The authors review evidence for how and why this interruption of attention is achieved. The interruptive function of pain depends on the relationship between pain-related characteristics (e.g., the threat value of pain) and the characteristics of the environmental demands (e.g., emotional arousal). A model of the interruptive function of pain is developed that holds that pain is selected for action from within complex affective and motivational environments to urge escape. The implications of this model for research and therapy are outlined with an emphasis on the redefinition of chronic pain as chronic interruption.
Man or a Gorilla? Performance Issues with CCTV Technology in Security Control Rooms

Despite increased usage of CCTV, and technological advances of surveillance systems, there is still relatively little understanding of how well it actually works for the many purposes for which it is deployed. Most purposes require that humans detect and respond to events in an appropriate and timely fashion. From a human factors and Human Computer Interaction (HCI) perspective, it is important to identify whether CCTV systems support human operators effectively, and are fit for the purpose. To answer this question, we take a SocioTechnical System (STS) perspective of CCTV: any system is deployed for one or more purposes, and has a number of stakeholders, who carry out a number of activities. In this paper, we focus on one set of stakeholders CCTV operators, and examine the activities they carry out in control room environments. We use observations and interviews to identify issues they encounter in the operation of the system. Our results show that task performance is currently impaired because of high screen to operator ratio, absence of camera maps, or lack of integration with other databases. Findings in this paper present the challenges CCTV operators are faced within complex city centre control room environments.
World Wide Web based Question Answering System - a relevance feedback framework for automatic answer validation

An open domain question answering system is one of the emerging information retrieval systems available on the World Wide Web that is becoming popular day by day to get succinct and relevant answers in response of users' questions. The validation of the correctness of the answer is an important issue in the field of question answering. In this paper, we are proposing a World Wide Web based solution for answer validation where answers returned by open domain Question Answering Systems can be validated using online resources such as Wikipedia and Google. We have applied several heuristics for answer validation task and tested them against some popular World Wide Web based open domain Question Answering Systems over a collection of 500 questions collected from standard sources such as TREC, the Worldbook, and the Worldfactbook. We found that the proposed method is yielding promising results for automatic answer validation task.
Small Bowel Metastatic Cancer Observed With Double Balloon Enteroscopy in a Patient With a Past History of Multiple Cancers

Small bowel tumors are very rare and generally malignant. As a result of the anatomical location and nonspecific manifestations of small bowel tumors, they are very difficult to diagnose. Balloon-assisted enteroscopy is a relatively noninvasive method compared to surgical resection, and allows for real-time observation, tissue confirmation with biopsy, and interventional procedures. Here, we report the case of a 69-year-old woman with a small bowel metastatic carcinoma observed with double balloon enteroscopy (DBE). She had a history of multiple cancers including ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, and breast cancer. The antegrade DBE procedure was performed before surgery for biopsy tissue confirmation. The patient underwent small bowel resection, and the final diagnosis was the same as that determined by preoperative biopsy. The final diagnosis was metastatic small bowel cancer originating from a cancer of the breast. This is the first detailed report of the preoperative diagnosis of small intestinal metastatic breast cancer by DBE.
The Sextet Arcs: A Strongly Lensed Lyman Break Galaxy in the ACS Spectroscopic Galaxy Survey toward Abell 1689

We present results of the HST Advanced Camera for Surveys spectroscopic ground-based redshift survey in the field of A1689. We measure 98 redshifts, increasing the number of spectroscopically confirmed objects sixfold. We present two spectra from this catalog of the Sextet Arcs, images that arise from a strongly lensed Lyman break galaxy (LBG) at a redshift of z = 3.038. Gravitational lensing by the cluster magnifies its flux by a factor of ~16 and produces six separate images with a total r-band magnitude of r625 = 21.7. The two spectra, each of which represents emission from different regions of the LBG, show H I and interstellar metal absorption lines at the systemic redshift. Significant variations are seen in the Lyα profile across a single galaxy, ranging from strong absorption to a combination of emission plus absorption. A spectrum of a third image close to the brightest arc shows Lyα emission at the same redshift as the LBG, arising from either another spatially distinct region of the galaxy or from a companion galaxy close to the LBG. Taken as a group, the Lyα equivalent width in these three spectra decreases with increasing equivalent width of the strongest interstellar absorption lines. We discuss how these variations can be used to understand the physical conditions in the LBG. Intrinsically, this LBG is faint, ~0.1L*, and is forming stars at a modest rate, ~4 M☉ yr-1. We also detect absorption-line systems toward the Sextet Arcs at z = 2.873 and z = 2.534. The latter system is seen across two of our spectra.
Radio Resource Allocation for Heterogeneous Services in Relay Enhanced OFDMA Systems

We propose a priority based resource allocation algorithm for heterogeneous services in the relay enhanced OFDMA downlink systems. The aim is to maximize the system throughput while satisfying the quality of service (QoS) requirements of heterogeneous services, comprising real time (RT) and non real time (NRT) services. The base station (BS) allocates resources dynamically to the users in a prioritized manner. The priority parameter depends on the channel condition, QoS requirement and data buffer information. We propose a suboptimal algorithm to reduce the computational complexity. The simulation results are compared with the fixed as well as dynamic resource allocation algorithms proposed in different researches. Our proposed scheme reduces the outage probability of the system and increases the system throughput.
Magnetic-based minimum input motion control of paramagnetic microparticles in three-dimensional space

Magnetic drug carriers such as microrobots and paramagnetic microparticles have the potential to increase the therapeutic indices by selectively targeting the diseased tissue. These magnetic microobjects can be controlled using magnetic-based manipulation systems. In this study, we analyze a minimum input motion control to minimize the currents at each of the electromagnets of a magnetic system. This minimum input control allows us to achieve point-to-point closed-loop motion control of microparticles in the three-dimensional space, at an average speed of 198 μm/s, and maximum root mean square position tracking error of 104 μm. The minimum input control system is further evaluated by comparing norm-2 of its resulting current vector to the current vector of a proportional-integral (PI) control system. This comparison shows that the minimum input control achieves 11% decrease in the current input, as opposed to the PI control system. However, the PI control system achieves 43% and 285% higher average speed and positioning accuracy, respectively, as opposed to the minimum input controller. The magnetic-based minimum input control can be used to perform closed-loop control of magnetic microrobots while decreasing the current input.
ANALYSIS OF MIXING IN POLYMER PROCESSING EQUIPMENT

Mixing is a key step in almost every polymer processing operation, affecting material properties, processability and cost. Polymers are blended with other polymers to combine their properties and sometimes to even synergistically increase their physical characteristics. Various additives and reinforcing agents are mixed with polymers to improve mechanical performance and impart specific properties to the mixture. The need for developing new materials with improved properties seems to rely nowadays more on blending and compounding than on the synthesis of chemically new polymers. Therefore the importance of a more fundamental understanding of the mixing process and its dynamics is clearly undeniable. Modeling the mixing process in real mixing equipment through flow simulations is not an easy task. Major obstacles include, but are not limited to, the very complex geometry of the mixing equipment, the time dependent flow boundaries and the difficulties involved in selecting the appropriate “indexes” to quantify the mixing process. Yet modeling offers a means for understanding, designing and controlling the mixing process. Key to a fundamental understanding of the mixing process and its optimization is the clear distinction between “dispersive” and “non dispersive” mixing mechanisms and identification of the important process characteristics enhancing realization of these mechanisms. In a multiphase system, dispersive mixing involves the reduction in size of a
A-ZHLS: adaptive ZHLS routing protocol for heterogeneous mobile adhoc networks

The routing protocols in MANET are mainly classified into two type’s i.e. pro-active and reactive based protocol based on its problems in the network. One of the prime and foremost issues, which have gained a lot of scope, is its dynamic nature of the networks i.e. the stability of nodes is not guaranteed in the network. Hence, this leads to loss of data packets that needs for its retransmission. Many advancements and Novel protocols have been devised in recent years for efficiency and effectiveness in the ad hoc networks. However, hybrid routing proto-cols that inculcates the nature of reactive and proactive has gained a lot of importance. ZHLS is one of the Hybrid routing protocol, and is a two tier hierarchal routing that divides the area into zones in which mobile nodes move randomly. The process of promoting ZHLS protocol is purely based on homogeneous scenarios which mean the nodes in the network are statistically identical, but there is lack of studies for heterogeneous set-up where mobile nodes act in a different way in an identical network. In this paper, we try to propose a novel approach known as “Adaptive-ZHLS: AZHLS” that can be suitable for heterogeneous scenarios. Experimental set up and simulated results will show that AZHLS provides higher packet delivery fraction as compared with the traditional one.
Unaccusative-Causative Alternations and the Dynamic Structure of Verbs

Many transitive verbs have a so-called unaccusative alternant. The existence of such alternants raises the question of how the class of verbs that exhibit this alternation can semantically be characterized. In this paper a theory is presented in which the existence of unaccusative alternants is derived from basic semantic properties that are used for an aspectual interpretation of verbs. The theory is developed in Dynamic Event Semantics (DES), Naumann (1998), Naumann/Mori (1998). DES is based on the intuition that non-stative verbs express changes. A change is either an object (event) or a transformation of state (TS). An event e can bring about different results, thus corresponding to a complex TS. Results can be classified according to the way they are evaluated on the execution sequence of e. Each result is related to a participant ofe. Verbs with an unaccusative alternant are semantically characterized by determining certain types of results and by imposing identical conditions on these types of results.
Eyes' corners detection in infrared images for real-time noncontact respiration rate monitoring

A thermal imaging based noncontact respiration rate monitoring approach is developed. The approach identified and tracked the face region in the image. The two corners where the eyes and nose meet were detected by selecting the two highest temperature regions within the face. From these sites, the nose and the nostril were identified. A respiration region of interest (ROI) was specified under the nostril. The skin surface temperature in this region is affected most by respiration. The selected ROI in each recorded thermal image was represented by a single feature. A respiration signal was produced from the plot of the feature across the series of recorded images. Respiration rate was determined by using the frequency of the highest peak in the frequency spectrum. The approach was evaluated on 5 adult subjects. It was shown that it could track the face, determine the ROI and respiration successfully in real-time, even when there were some head movements.
A Review of Curvelets and Recent Applications

Multiresolution methods are deeply related to image processing, biological and computer vision, scientiﬁc computing, etc. The curvelet transform is a multiscale directional transform which allows an almost optimal nonadaptive sparse representation of objects with edges. It has generated increasing interest in the community of applied mathematics and signal processing over the past years. In this paper, we present a review on the curvelet transform, including its history beginning from wavelets, its logical relationship to other multiresolution multidirectional methods like contourlets and shearlets, its basic theory and discrete algorithm. Further, we consider recent applications in image/video processing, seismic exploration, ﬂuid mechanics, simulation of partial diﬀerent equations
Defining and retrieving themes in nuclear regulations

Safety systems in nuclear industry must conform to an increasing set of regulatory requirements. These requirements are scattered throughout multiple documents expressing different levels of requirements or different kinds of requirements. Consequently, when licensees want to extract the set of regulations related to a specific concern, they lack explicit traces between all regulation documents and mostly get lost while attempting to compare two different regulatory corpora. This paper presents the regulatory landscape in the context of digital Instrumentation and Command systems in nuclear power plants. To cope with this complexity, we define and discuss challenges toward an approach based on information retrieval techniques to first narrow the regulatory research space into themes and then assist the recovery of these traceability links.
Resource allocation contracts for Open Analytic Runtime models

Open Analytic Runtime (OAR) Models embed analysis algorithms into runtime architectural models, thus integrating the model and its analytic interpretations. Such an integration is critical for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) when model parts are independently developed by different teams as it is the case in multi-tier industries, e.g. avionics and automotive. Analysis algorithms play a central role augmenting the designer's capacity to automatically verify properties of interest in systems at the scale and complexity required by these industries. Unfortunately, the verification results are valid only if the assumptions of the different analysis algorithms (analytic assumptions) are consistent with each other. This paper presents our work on the automatic verification of one important class of analytic assumptions in OAR models: resource allocation assumptions. These assumptions are modeled as Resource Allocation (RA) contracts. RA contract constructs include not only the typical assumes and guarantees but also runtime facts and implications. Finally, we automatically determine the correct sequence of execution of the analysis algorithms based on the contract input/output dependencies described in our models. Together these characteristics enable the automatic assumption verification that preserves the scalability of analytic models. We illustrate our approach using an example model with analysis algorithms for security, schedulability, and energy efficiency.