Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Directed Multilateral Matching in a Monetary Economy

We consider a monetary economy with directed multilateral matching between buyers and sellers. A buyer chooses how much money to hold, observes the location of all sellers, and decides which seller to visit. The number of buyers that arrive at a particular seller is random due to lack of coordination. Every seller has a single indivisible good and all buyers have the same valuation for the good, though they may hold different amounts of money. The good is allocated according to a second price auction where buyers bid with their money rather than valuations. We show that in equilibrium ex ante identical buyers choose different money holdings: carrying more money is costly but it increases the probability of winning the auction. The unique equilibrium distribution of money holdings is analytically characterized. The entry of sellers is efficient at the Friedman rule but is suboptimal for higher inflation rates
Dynamic Portfolio Choice with Stochastic Wage and Life Insurance

We study optimal insurance, consumption, and portfolio choice in a framework where a family purchases life insurance to protect the loss of the wage earner's human capital. Explicit solutions are obtained by employing constant absolute risk aversion utility functions. We show that the optimal life insurance purchase is not a monotonic function of the correlation between the wage and the financial market. Meanwhile, the life insurance decision is explicitly affected by the family's risk preferences in general. The model also predicts that a family uses life insurance and investment portfolio choice to hedge stochastic wage risk.
Federal Policies and Higher Education in the United States.

ii ANNE PRISCO is assistant vice president for enrollment management at Lehman College of the City University of New York. She previously served as a research scientist with the AIHEPS Project at NYU. Dr. Prisco has experience in financial aid administration and has been an enrollment management consultant to many postsecondary institutions, most recently with Pace University and Northeastern University. Her areas of interest include comparative educational policy, the economics of education, and higher education administration. ALICIA D. HURLEY is senior policy analyst for New York University's Government Relations Office. She is a doctoral candidate in higher education administration with an emphasis in policy at New York University. Ms. Hurley has an extensive background in higher education policy and financial aid. She worked in the financial aid offices of both the University of Colorado at Boulder and New York University, and served as a policy intern for the Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance in Washington, D.C. Her research interests include federal policy and higher education, including student aid policy, science policy and tax policy. THOMAS C. CARTON has been a legislative aid with the New Jersey Legislature. Tom is currently a full-time doctoral candidate in the Department of Administration, Leadership, and Technology at New York University's Steinhardt School of Education. He holds an MPA from the Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service at New York University, and a BA from Rider University. His areas of interest include policy theory, state-level policy analysis, and higher education performance. RICHARD C. RICHARDSON JR. is director of the Alliance for International Higher Education Policy Studies (AIHEPS); co-principal investigator of the AIHEPS Project; professor of higher education in the Department of Administration, Leadership and Technology at NYU; and professor emeritus of educational leadership and policy studies at Arizona State University. The Alliance for International Higher Education Policy Studies (AIHEPS), a collaboration between New York University and the Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) in Mexico City, was funded in September 1999 by The Ford Foundation to conduct policy research in Mexico and the United States over a three-year period with two primary objectives: (1) to improve comparative understanding of how changes in higher education policies (rules of the game) alter the nature of higher education services produced as well as the conditions under which they are provided; and (2) to serve as a vehicle for training a small cadre of younger …
Two-stage PCA with interpolated data for hand shape recognition in sign language

Hand shape recognition is a challenging task because hands are deformable objects. Some techniques for hand shape recognition using Computer Vision have been proposed. The key problem is how to make hand gestures understood by computers/mobile devices. In this paper we present a study about Principal Component Analysis (PCA) used to reduce the dimensionality and extract features of images of the human hand. The dataset used in this study is the alphabet of Irish Sign Language. We propose to apply PCA in more than one stage, creating a second stage PCA with even lower dimensions. In this second stage, we interpolate data using splines. This data has missing translations. Blurring, using a Gaussian filter, is applied to these images in order to reduce the non-linearity in the manifolds within the eigenspaces. Some comparison of the influence of the number of eigenvectors and the number of points interpolated are shown. Finally, we apply k-Nearest- Neighbour (k-NN) in order to classify the correct shape and show the accuracy.
Peripheral circadian clock for the cuticle deposition rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster

Insect endocuticle thickens after adult emergence by daily alternating deposition of two chitin layers with different orientation. Although the cuticle deposition rhythm is known to be controlled by a circadian clock in many insects, the site of the driving clock, the photoreceptor for entrainment, and the oscillatory mechanism remain elusive. Here, we show that the cuticle deposition rhythm is regulated by a peripheral oscillator in the epidermis in Drosophila melanogaster. Free-running and entrainment experiments in vitro reveal that the oscillator for the cuticle deposition rhythm is independent of the central clock in the brain driving the locomotor rhythms. The cuticle deposition rhythm is absent in null and dominant-negative mutants of clock genes (i.e., period, timeless, cycle, and Clock), indicating that this oscillator is composed of the same clock genes as the central clock. Entrainment experiments with monochromatic light–dark cycles and cryb flies reveal that a blue light-absorbing photoreceptor, cryptochrome (CRY), acts as a photoreceptor pigment for the entrainment of the cuticle deposition rhythm. Unlike other peripheral rhythms in D. melanogaster, the cuticle deposition rhythm persisted in cryb and cryOUT mutant flies, indicating that CRY does not play a core role in the rhythm generation in the epidermal oscillator.
1-Hydroxy-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane picrate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C6H13N2O+·C6H2N3O7 −, the anions and cations are linked by O—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network. The O atoms of a nitro group of the picrate anion are disordered over two positions of equal occupancy.
The School-to-Work Transition, Skill Preferences and Matching

This empirical paper investigates skill formation in the youth labour market. Using eventhistory data collected from the administrative records of Lancashire Careers Service, we model `skill preferences' formed at school by young people and `skill destination', ie the occupation of the rst job/training scheme after leaving compulsory schooling. We also model the duration of the individual's rst unemployment spell. Competing risks models with exible piece-wise linear baseline hazards and unobserved heterogeneity are estimated. There is evidence of occupational segregation by gender, unrealistic occupational preferences and excess supply of skills. Outcomes are mainly determined by examination performance, ethnicity and whether disadvantaged.
Performance Analysis of Pairs Trading Strategy Utilizing High Frequency Data with an Application to KOSPI 100 Equities

In this study, the well-known pairs trading strategy, one of typical market neutral strategies, is modified to be able to utilize high frequency equity data, and it is applied to the constituent shares of the KOSPI (Korea Composite Stock Price Index) 100 index. This study is distinguished from the most of previous work on the traditional pairs trading strategy in that we introduce the use of high frequency data in strategy modeling instead of daily closing prices, which allows us to analyze the performance of the strategy in high frequency domain. More specifically, we extract the trading signal, which is based on the spread between stocks of pair, by estimating time adaptive regression coefficients using the Kalman filter. As for underlying universe for the strategy, we confine ourselves to consider the most liquid 100 stocks in KOSPI as a basket for our experiment. Major findings include that arbitrage profitability is in fact present without being subject to market condition even when conservative transaction costs are taken into account. In particular, our strategy outperforms better in bear market condition while it varies depending on industry group. The results also demonstrate that the performance of the strategy is dependent upon timing of the market entry; the performance of trades entered around at opening and closing of the daily market is appeared to be relatively superior to that of trades executed in the rest of daily trading hours. Furthermore, we introduce an enhanced version of the strategy, which selects high-ranking pairs to trade for the next time period based on a set of in-sample statistics. It is verified that the enhanced strategy has better profitability and reliability compared to our basic strategy.
Adakah Saluran Pinjaman Bank Dasar Monetari Relevan? Kajian Data Panel Dari Indonesia

ABSTRAK Kertas ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kerelevanan saluran pinjaman bank (bank lending channel) di Indonesia dengan menggunakan data pada peringkat bank yang bermula pada tahun 1990 hingga 2010. Kaedah data panel statik iaitu model kesan tetap (fixed effects) dan kesan rawak (random effects) telah digunakan untuk menganggar fungsi penawaran pinjaman bank di Indonesia. Selain daripada pemboleh ubah dasar monetari, beberapa pemboleh ubah makroekonomi (KDNK benar dan inflasi) dan pemboleh ubah khusus bank (saiz bank, kecairan, dan modal bank) juga diambil kira dalam menganggarkan fungsi penawaran pinjaman bank. Hasil kajian menyokong kewujudan saluran pinjaman bank di Indonesia yang menjelaskan penawaran pinjaman bank adalah berhubungan secara negatif dan signifikan dipengaruhi oleh dasar monetari. Pemboleh ubah khusus bank seperti kecairan dan nisbah modal juga signifikan dan berhubungan secara negatif, manakala saiz aset pula signifikan dan berhubungan secara positif dengan penawaran pinjaman bank. Kata kunci: Saluran pinjaman bank; dasar monetari; data panel statik ABSTRACT This paper aims to investigate the relevance of bank lending channel in Indonesia by using bank level data set for a period from 1990 to 2010. A static panel data method namely fixed effects and random effects model are used in estimating the banks’ loan supply function. Besides monetary policy variable, several macroeconomic variables (real GDP and inflation), and bank characteristic variables (bank size, liquidity and bank capital) are also considered in estimating the banks’ loan supply function. The findings support the existence of bank lending channel in Indonesia, in which the banks’ loan supply is negatively and significantly influenced by monetary policy. The banks’ specific variables such as bank liquidity and bank capital ratio are statistically significant and negatively correlated, while asset size is significant and positively correlated with the banks’ loan supply. Keywords: Bank lending channel; monetary policy; static panel data
Tax competition, trade liberalization, and imperfect labour markets

In this paper, we study the link between trade liberalization and imperfect labour markets for tax competition. We show that rigid labour markets increase the mobility of the tax base as compared to perfect labour markets translating into lower Nash tax rates. Lower trade barriers exhibit a similar effect. It turns out that the imperfect labour market and the trade liberalization channels are interdependent. Copyright 2011 Oxford University Press 2011 All rights reserved, Oxford University Press.
Chirplet Path Fusion for the Analysis of Time-Varying Frequency-Modulated Signals

We propose a novel method, called chirplet path fusion, to analyze nonstationary signals with time-varying frequencies. As opposed to many existing methods that assume the signal persists throughout the whole time, the proposed method can be applied in cases where the signals are only present in short time frames. A demodulation-operator-based method is introduced to estimate the locally matched chirplet atoms which can form a chirplet path in the time-frequency domain. According to the density of the multiple chirplet paths obtained under different scales, the effective time support and the instantaneous frequency (IF) of the target signal can be estimated. Our method is effective in analyzing the nonstationary signal with discontinuous IF curve and works well under heavy noise. Several simulated signals and the vibration signal of a rotor test rig are considered to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Strict Local Testability with Consensus Equals Regularity, and Other Properties

A recent language definition device named consensual is based on agreement between similar words. Considering a language over a bipartite alphabet made by pairs of unmarked/marked letters, the match relation specifies when such words agree. Thus a set (the “base”) over the bipartite alphabet consensually specifies another language that includes any terminal word such that a set of corresponding matching words is in the base. We show that all and only the regular languages are consensually generated by a strictly locally testable base; the result is based on a generalization of Medvedev's homomorphic characterization of regular languages. Consensually context-free languages strictly include the base family. The consensual and the base families collapse together if the base is context-sensitive.
Cross-layer tuning of the neighbor sensing mechanism in mobile ad hoc networks

The mobility of an ad hoc network can severely degrade the performance of the wireless network, as a direct consequence of frequently occurring link break events. An ad hoc routing protocol must react swiftly to these events by recomputing the forwarding table. Typical routing protocols rely on a timeout mechanism to notify a failing link. This causes a gap between the link failure and the detection of this event, resulting in packet loss for data streams passing over the failing link.
Study of Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB) Concentrations in Postmortem Blood and Urine

The GHB concentration in majority of the blood samples (95%) was ≤ 50 mg/L, while in 81% it ranged from 10-50 mg/L. In 95% of the urine samples, the GHB concentration ranged from 10-20 mg/L while 82% of the samples had a concentration of 500 mg/L. The proposed published GHB concentration of 50 mg/L may be used as a cut-off to distinguish between natural endogenous concentrations and exogenous use, but this is not sufficient by itself. The detected GHB concentrations, both in vivo and in postmortem samples, require careful interpretation, not only due to its endogenous nature, but also due to the possibility of postmortem production and also due to its rapid metabolism and excretion.In order to distinguish the endogenous GHB concentration from those reflecting abusive GHB levels, defining a specific cut-off value in biological samples is very crucial. Other matrices, such as vitreous humour, femoral blood and hair must also be considered when interpreting postmortem GHB concentrations.
Chronic antepartum maternal hyperoxygenation in a case of severe fetal Ebstein's anomaly with circular shunt physiology

Perinatal mortality remains high among fetuses diagnosed with Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve. The subgroup of patients with pulmonary valve regurgitation is at particularly high risk. In the setting of pulmonary valve regurgitation, early constriction of the ductus arteriosus may be a novel perinatal management strategy to reduce systemic steal resulting from circular shunt physiology. We report the use of chronic antepartum maternal oxygen therapy for constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus and modulation of fetal pulmonary vascular resistance in a late presentation of Ebstein's anomaly with severe tricuspid valve regurgitation, reversal of flow in the ductus arteriosus, and continuous pulmonary valve regurgitation.
Comparison of three treatment options for single brain metastasis from lung cancer

Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and the combination of both treatment methods were used for the management of single brain metastasis from lung cancer. The purpose of this study is to compare these three different treatment options in terms of local response, survival, and quality of life. From June 1995 to July 1998, 70 lung cancer patients with new diagnosed single brain metastasis were treated with either WBRT alone (n = 29), or SRS alone (n = 23), or the combination of both methods (n = 18). Multiple endpoints, including survival, freedom from local progression (FFLP), freedom from new brain metastasis (FFNBM), local control, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), and causes of death, were measured from the date of treatment completion and compared using univariate and multivariate analyses. For patients treated with WBRT‐alone, SRS‐alone, and SRS+WBRT, the median survivals were 5.7, 9.3, and 10.6 months, the median FFLP were 4.0, 6.9, and 8.6 months, the median FFNBM were 4.1, 6.7, and 8.6 months, and the local response rates were 55.6, 87.0, and 88.9%, respectively. Four of the 29 patients treated with WBRT‐alone continued with progression of disease. The post treatment KPS showed improvement in 41.4, 82.6, and 88.9% of patients treated with WBRT‐alone, SRS‐alone, and SRS+WBRT, respectively. The progression of new and/or recurred metastatic brain tumor as the cause of death accounted for 51.7%, 50.0%, and 28.3% of the patients treated with WBRT‐alone, SRS‐alone, and SRS+WBRT, respectively. Univariate analyses showed that the significant differences among the three treatment arms were observed based on all of the above mentioned endpoints. However, the comparison between SRS‐alone and SRS+WBRT groups indicated that adding WBRT only improves FFNBM (P = 0.0392). Cox regression analyses revealed no significant difference in both of the KPS (P = 0.1082) and causes of death (P = 0.081) among the three arms. Both SRS alone and SRS+WBRT seem better in prolonging life and improving quality of life than WBRT alone for patients with single brain metastasis from lung cancer. But the combined therapy did not show significant advantage over SRS alone in improving survival, enhancing local control, and quality of life except for a more favorable FFNBM. Further investigation via a randomized trial is needed to access the value of adding WBRT to SRS in the management of this group of patients. Int. J. Cancer (Radiat. Oncol. Invest.) 90, 37–45 (2000). © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of apoptosis in macrophages by Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin: tumour‐suppressor protein p53 and reactive oxygen species, but not redox activity, as critical elements in cytotoxicity

Azurin is a copper‐containing protein involved in electron transfer during denitrification. We reported recently that purified azurin demonstrates cytotoxicity to macrophages by forming a complex with the tumour‐suppressor protein p53, thereby stabilizing it and enhancing its function as an inducer of proapoptotic activity (Yamada, T., Goto, M., Punj, V., Zaborina, O., Kimbara, K., Das Gupta, T. K., and Chakrabarty, A. M. 2002, Infect Immun70: 7054–7062). It is, however, not known whether the oxidoreductase (redox) activity of azurin or the involvement of copper is important for its cytotoxicity. We have isolated apo‐azurin devoid of copper and site‐directed mutants that are redox negative because of either replacement of a cysteine residue (Cys‐112) involved in co‐ordination with copper or mutational replacement of two methionine residues (Met‐44 and Met‐64) that are present in the hydrophobic patch of azurin and allow interaction of azurin with its redox partner cytochrome c551. We demonstrate that, although the wild type (wt) and the Cys‐112 Asp mutant azurin can form complexes with the tumour‐suppressor protein p53 and generate high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the redox‐negative Met‐44LysMet‐64Glu mu‐tant azurin is defective in complex formation with p53, generates low levels of ROS and lacks appreciable cytotoxicity towards macrophages. Thus, complex formation with p53 and ROS generation, rather than azurin redox activity, are important in the cytotoxic action of azurin towards macrophages.
Gene selection in class space for molecular classification of cancer

Gene selection (feature selection) is generally performed in gene space (feature space), where a very serious curse of dimensionality problem always exists because the number of genes is much larger than the number of samples in gene space (G-space). This results in difficulty in modeling the data set in this space and the low confidence of the result of gene selection. How to find a gene subset in this case is a challenging subject. In this paper, the above G-space is transformed into its dual space, referred to as class space (C-space) such that the number of dimensions is the very number of classes of the samples in G-space and the number of samples in C-space is the number of genes in G-space. It is obvious that the curse of dimensionality in C-space does not exist. A new gene selection method which is based on the principle of separating different classes as far as possible is presented with the help of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The experimental results on gene selection for real data set are evaluated with Fisher criterion, weighted Fisher criterion as well as leave-one-out cross validation, showing that the method presented here is effective and efficient.
Thompson Sampling for Linear-Quadratic Control Problems

We consider the exploration-exploitation tradeoff in linear quadratic (LQ) control problems, where the state dynamics is linear and the cost function is quadratic in states and controls. We analyze the regret of Thompson sampling (\ts) (a.k.a. posterior-sampling for reinforcement learning) in the frequentist setting, i.e., when the parameters characterizing the LQ dynamics are fixed. Despite the empirical and theoretical success in a wide range of problems from multi-armed bandit to linear bandit, we show that when studying the frequentist regret \ts in control problems, we need to trade-off the frequency of sampling optimistic parameters and the frequency of switches in the control policy. This results in an overall regret of $O(T^{2/3})$, which is significantly worse than the regret $O(\sqrt{T})$ achieved by the optimism-in-face-of-uncertainty algorithm in LQ control problems.