Correlational Analysis of Motivation, Emotional Intelligence and Human Capital Development on Librarians’ Job Satisfaction and Productivity in Public University Libraries in Nigeria

INTRODUCTION Job satisfaction of employees plays a crucial role in determining the general productivity of workers in any organization. Job refers to occupational act that is carried out by an individual or group of individuals in return for a reward, while satisfaction refers to the way one feels about events, rewards, people, relation and amount of mental gladness on the job (Somvir & Kaushik, 2012). While job satisfaction can be defined as the rate at which "employees like or dislike their work and the extent to which their expectations concerning work have been fulfuled"(Gamlath & Kaluarachchi, 2014, p. 54). Job satisfaction is generally acknowledged as a necessary ingredient for personal fulfilment in carrying out one's duties. In this study, job satisfaction is conceptualized to mean the level of positive attitude that a librarian displays when performing his/her duties in the university library and the rate at which his/her basic needs are met by the employers. It is interesting to note that if librarians are well catered for by the university authorities in the area of giving them due recognition for a job well done, put in place a good leadership style for the administration of the university library coupled with a career development opportunity for librarians to enhance development of their managerial skills, and conducive work environment as well as improved remunerations (good salaries and wages); their level of productivity will be greatly improved from what is presently existing in most Nigerian public universities. Thus, job satisfaction enhances productivity of workers in any organization especially in the public university libraries as a satisfied worker is a happy and productive worker. Contrarily, a dissatisfied worker will either resign his or her appointment from the organization or constitute nuisance to the organization and this will encourage inefficiency and low productivity or commitment (Ademodi & Akintomide, 2015). It is therefore expedient for every "manager to take initiative in finding out those factors that improve job satisfaction of the subordinates" (Vijayabanu & Swaminathan, 2016, p. 1638) in order to boost productivity and enhances retention of the experienced workforce in the organization. According to Parham (2014), productivity can be seen as a measure of the rate at which output of goods and services are produced per unit of input (labour, capital, raw materials, etc.). It is calculated as the ratio of the amount of outputs produced to some measure of the amount of inputs used. Unfortunately, it can be observed that productivity of workers in some organizations especially in the public university libraries is generally low. Some librarians in these libraries have issues ranging from perceived problems of inadequate attention to their basic needs by the organization to feelings of being marginalized and inadequate recognition by their employers, among others. In order to achieve the optimum productivity of librarians in the public university libraries, management should pay more attention to those factors that really motivate them. Moreover, employee motivation is an essential factor in every organization especially the public university library. Motivation can be defined as "those factors that energize, direct, and sustain human behaviour towards a particular course of action. It indicates the intention of achieving a goal and leading to goal-directed behaviour" (Datta & Datta, 2013, p. 56) Motivation is simply regarded as those factors which drive people in putting real effort and energy into what they do. It enables workers to exert their real efforts in achieving the stated goals and objectives of the organization. Management should be concerned with how to motivate her workforce; this could be done by introducing some motivating factors that would encourage every librarian to be productive and gain a competitive edge over its competitors in the same industry. …