Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FPGA Based Fuzzy Link Cost Processor for Energy-Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks - Design and Implementation

In recent years, many approaches and techniques have been explored for the optimization of energy usage in wireless sensor networks. Routing is one of these areas in which attempts for efficient utilization of energy have been made. These attempts use fixed (crisp) metrics for making energy-aware routing decisions. In this paper, we have presented the design and implementation of a dedicated fuzzy link cost processor (FLCP) on FPGA. The objective of our FLCP is to determine the value of cost for a link between two sensor nodes such that the life of a sensor network is maximized. The FLCP of the gateway, in WSN, periodically invokes the fuzzy routine to determine the cost of link between any two sensor nodes. Once the costs of all possible links to the single destination (gateway) are computed, the route can then be determined using any shortest path algorithm. We have designed for Spartran 3 - timesc3s50 (50k gates). The maximum clock frequency is 28 MHZ and estimated power consumption is 38mW
A NEW MUSCLE BIOPSY TECHNIQUE FOR SEX AND SEXUAL MATURITY DETERMINATION IN LARGE PELAGIC FISHES

SUMMARY In many fisheries, fish are either landed already gutted or the value of the flesh prohibits ventral opening and the determination of sex and sexual maturation. The objective of the present study was to provide new molecular endocrinological techniques to make this possible in order to assist stock assessment and management. A muscle biopsy punch which can be used in the field or at the market to obtain muscle biopsy samples from live or dead bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) or swordfish (Xiphias gladius) has been developed. These samples can then be assayed using standard ELISA methods for sex hormones and vitellogenin. A correlation was found between plasma and muscle sample levels for steroids in tuna. The future role of a muscle biopsy is discussed together with “molecular markers”. RESUME
Vehicle model recognition using geometry and appearance of car emblems from rear view images

In this paper a novel vehicle model recognition approach is presented modelling the geometry and appearance of car emblems (model, trim level, etc.) from rear view images. The proposed system is assisted by LPR and VMR modules. Thus, a generic methodology is defined to build a hierarchical structure of car-make-dependent vehicle model classifiers. The emblems location, size and variations are firstly learnt. Then, the appearance of each badge is modelled using a linear SVM binary classifier with HOG features and the outputs of each individual classifier are converted to an estimate of posterior probabilities. A specific probability is computed for each hypothesis (model) integrating the posterior probabilities of all the emblems using the geometric mean. Inference about the most probable car model is finally carried out selecting the model with the maximum probability. We evaluate this approach on a dataset composed of 1.342 images (910/432 for training/test) corresponding to 8 different car makes and 28 different car models (52 considering generations) achieving an overall accuracy of 93.75%.
Changing classes : stratification and mobility in post-industrial societies

Introduction - G[/ through o]osta Esping-Andersen Post-industrial Class Structures - G[/ through o]osta Esping-Andersen An Analytical Framework Trends in Contemporary Class Structuration - G[/ through o]osta Esping-Andersen, Zina Assimokopoulou and Kees van Kersbergen A Six-Nation Comparison The Post-industrial Stratificational Order - Jon Eivind Kolberg and Arne Kolstad The Norwegian Experience Class Inequality and Post-industrial Employment in Sweden - Michael T[small o above a]ahlin Is there a New Service Proletariat? The Tertiary Sector and Social Inequality in Germany - Hans-Peter Blossfeld, Gianna Giannelli and Karl Ulrich Mayer Post-industrial Career Structures in Britain - Jonathan Gershuny Does Post-industrialism Matter? The Canadian Experience - John Myles, Garnett Picot and Ted Wannell Careers in the US Service Economy - Jerry A Jacobs Mobility Regimes and Class Formation - G[/ through o]osta Esping-Andersen
An application of KPCA and SVM in the human face recognition

Face Recognition technology is a very important biological feature Recognition technology. Face Recognition is more and more researchers' attention, especially the principal Component Analysis method (Principle Component Analysis, PCA) after the application of Face Recognition, Face Recognition application domain expands unceasingly in daily life, such as immigration, entrance guard system, the Olympic security, airport security checks, etc. Although the face recognition system has better recognition effect has been achieved, but still by illumination, posture, facial expression change, hairstyle, with or without glasses, and the influence of various factors such as aging. Therefore, in this paper, the study of face recognition technology, has important theory significance and practical application value.A face recognition method that based on KPCA and SVM is proposed in this paper.
Information technology and medication safety: what is the benefit?

Medication errors occur frequently and have significant clinical and financial consequences. Several types of information technologies can be used to decrease rates of medication errors. Computerized physician order entry with decision support significantly reduces serious inpatient medication error rates in adults. Other available information technologies that may prove effective for inpatients include computerized medication administration records, robots, automated pharmacy systems, bar coding, “smart” intravenous devices, and computerized discharge prescriptions and instructions. In outpatients, computerization of prescribing and patient oriented approaches such as personalized web pages and delivery of web based information may be important. Public and private mandates for information technology interventions are growing, but further development, application, evaluation, and dissemination are required.
Accelerating non-volatile/hybrid processor cache design space exploration for application specific embedded systems

In this article, we propose a technique to accelerate non-volatile/hybrid of volatile and non-volatile processor cache design space exploration for application specific embedded systems. Utilizing a novel cache behavior modeling equation and a new accurate cache miss prediction mechanism, our proposed technique can accelerate NVM/hybrid FIFO processor cache design space exploration for SPEC CPU 2000 applications up to 249 times compared to the conventional approach.
When sensing is gambling: An experimental system reveals how plasticity can generate tunable bet‐hedging strategies

Genotypes can persist in unpredictable environments by “hedging their bets” and producing diverse phenotypes. Theoretical studies have shown that the phenotypic variability needed for a bet‐hedging strategy can be generated by factors either inside or outside an organism. However, sensing the environment and bet hedging are frequently treated as distinct evolutionary strategies. Furthermore, nearly all empirical studies of the molecular underpinnings of bet‐hedging strategies to date have focused on internal sources of variability. We took a synthetic approach and constructed an experimental system where a phenotypic trade‐off is mediated by actively sensing a cue present in the environment. We show that active sensing can generate a diversified bet‐hedging strategy. Mutations affecting the norm of reaction to the cue alter the diversification strategy, indicating that bet hedging by active sensing is evolvable. Our results indicate that a broader class of biological systems should be considered as potential examples of bet‐hedging strategies, and that research into the structure of environmental variability is needed to distinguish bet‐hedging strategies from adaptive plasticity.
Using KL-divergence to focus Deep Visual Explanation

We present a method for explaining the image classification predictions of deep convolution neural networks, by highlighting the pixels in the image which influence the final class prediction. Our method requires the identification of a heuristic method to select parameters hypothesized to be most relevant in this prediction, and here we use Kullback-Leibler divergence to provide this focus. Overall, our approach helps in understanding and interpreting deep network predictions and we hope contributes to a foundation for such understanding of deep learning networks. In this brief paper, our experiments evaluate the performance of two popular networks in this context of interpretability.
Limits to list decoding of insertions and deletions

List decoding of insertions and deletions in the Levenshtein metric is considered. In this paper, a Johnson-like upper bound on the maximum list size when decoding in the Levenshtein metric is derived. This bound depends only on the length and minimum Levenshtein distance of the code, the length of the received word, and the alphabet size. It shows that polynomial-time list decoding beyond half the Levenshtein distance is possible for many parameters. For example, list decoding of two insertions/deletions with the well-known Varshamov-Tenengolts (VT) codes is feasible. Further, we also show a lower bound on list decoding VT codes and an efficient list decoding algorithm for two insertions/deletions with VT codes.
Making Holistic Schema Matching Robust: An Ensemble Framework with Sampling and Voting

With the prevalence of databases on the Web, large scale integration has become a pressing problem. As an essential task,holistic schema matching (i.e., discovering attribute correspondences among many schemas) has been actively studied recently. As a “data mining” approach in nature, holistic schema matching, on one hand, benefits from the large scale of input schema data, while on the other hand, also suffers the problem of noises. Such noises often inevitably arise in the automatic extraction of schema data, which is mandatory in large scale integration. For holistic matching to be viable, it is thus essential to make it robust against noisy schemas. Toward this goal, we propose a novel “ensemble” framework, which aggregates a multitude of base holistic matchers to achieve robustness, by exploiting statistical sampling and majority voting: To begin with, we observe that Web query interfaces possess two interesting characteristics: 1) “redundancy of attributes”– that schemas tend to share attributes, and 2) “non-dominance of noises”– that noisy schemas are relatively few. These observations inspire us to develop a generic ensembleframework, which consists of multiple sampling, ranking aggregation and matching selection . In essence, our approach creates an ensemble of base holistic matchers, by randomizing the schema data into many trials and aggregating their ranked results by taking majority voting. We provide analytic justification of the robustness of the ensemble. Empirically, our experiments show that the “ensemblization” indeed significantly boosts the matching accuracy, over automatically extracted schema data.
A 281-nW 43.3 fJ/conversion-step 8-ENOB 25-kS/s asynchronous SAR ADC in 65nm CMOS for biomedical applications

This paper describes a low-power 25-kS/s successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for biomedical applications. The ADC employs a novel low-energy and area-efficient tri-level switching scheme in the DAC. Compared to the conventional SAR ADC, the average switching energy and total capacitance are reduced by 97% and 75%, respectively. Asynchronous design is implemented to eliminate the conventional system clock which is N-time of sampling rate. Furthermore, a delay-based internal clock generator produces a high-speed signal which allows True Single Phase Clock (TSPC) D Flip-flop (DFF) to be used in the low-speed biomedical applications. The ADC can work between 0 to 1 MS/s. The prototype ADC fabricated in UMC 65 nm 1P6M CMOS achieves best performance at 25 kS/s with 50.1 dB SNDR and 55.3 dB SFDR. Operating at 1 V supply and 25 kS/s, the ADC consumes 281 nW and exhibits a FOM of 43.3 fJ/conversion-step. The chip die area is 145 μm × 120 μm.
A Simple Microstructure Return Model Explaining Microstructure Noise and Epps Effects

We present a novel simple microstructure model of financial returns that combines (i) the well-known ARFIMA process applied to tick-by-tick returns, (ii) the bid-ask bounce effect, (iii) the fat tail structure of the distribution of returns and (iv) the non-Poissonian statistics of inter-trade intervals. This model allows us to explain both qualitatively and quantitatively important stylized facts observed in the statistics of both microstructure and macrostructure returns, including the short-ranged correlation of returns, the long-ranged correlations of absolute returns, the microstructure noise and Epps effects. According to the microstructure noise effect, volatility is a decreasing function of the time-scale used to estimate it. The Epps effect states that cross correlations between asset returns are increasing functions of the time-scale at which the returns are estimated. The microstructure noise is explained as the result of the negative return correlations inherent in the definition of the bid-ask bounce component (ii). In the presence of a genuine correlation between the returns of two assets, the Epps effect is due to an average statistical overlap of the momentum of the returns of the two assets defined over a finite time-scale in the presence of the long memory process (i).
Protection Web Applications using Real-Time Technique to Detect Structured Query Language Injection Attacks

At present, Web applications have been used for most of our life activities increasingly, and they affected by Structured Query Language Injection Attacks (SQLIAs). This attack is a method that attackers employ to impose the database in most of the web applications, by manipulate SQL queries, which sent to the Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). Hence, change the behavior of the applications. In This paper, developing Web Application SQLI Protector (WASP) tool in real-time web application to detect SQL injection attacks in stored procedures. Then, evaluated and analyze the developed tool respect to efficiency and effectiveness in practices. The propose technique uses real-time based on positive tainting, accurate and efficiency taint propagation, and syntax aware evaluation of the query strings at the application level to detect illegal queries before they reach at the database by using Microsoft ASP.NET. The developed tool effective due to it capable of detect and stop all SQLI attacks in real-time environment and did not generate any false negative, a few-false positive values in the results and impose minimal deploy requirements.
Comparison of Muscle Onset Activation Sequences between a Golf or Tennis Swing and Common Training Exercises Using Surface Electromyography: A Pilot Study

Aim. The purpose of this pilot study is to use surface electromyography to determine an individual athlete's typical muscle onset activation sequence when performing a golf or tennis forward swing and to use the method to assess to what degree the sequence is reproduced with common conditioning exercises and a machine designed for this purpose. Methods. Data for 18 healthy male subjects were collected for 15 muscles of the trunk and lower extremities. Data were filtered and processed to determine the average onset of muscle activation for each motion. A Spearman correlation estimated congruence of activation order between the swing and each exercise. Correlations of each group were pooled with 95% confidence intervals using a random effects meta-analytic strategy. Results. The averaged sequences differed among each athlete tested, but pooled correlations demonstrated a positive association between each exercise and the participants' natural muscle onset activation sequence. Conclusion. The selected training exercises and Turning Point™ device all partially reproduced our athletes' averaged muscle onset activation sequences for both sports. The results support consideration of a larger, adequately powered study using this method to quantify to what degree each of the selected exercises is appropriate for use in both golf and tennis.
Draft Genome Sequence and Annotation of the Obligate Bacterial Endosymbiont Caedibacter taeniospiralis, Causative Agent of the Killer Phenotype in Paramecium tetraurelia

ABSTRACT Caedibacter taeniospiralis is an obligate endosymbiont living in the cytoplasm of Paramecium tetraurelia. C. taeniospiralis causes the so-called killer trait, eliminating intraspecific competitors of its host when released into the medium by the concerted action of the unusual protein structure R-body (refractile body) in addition to an as-yet-unknown toxin.
Intracellular FGF14 (iFGF14) Is Required for Spontaneous and Evoked Firing in Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons and for Motor Coordination and Balance

Mutations in FGF14, which encodes intracellular fibroblast growth factor 14 (iFGF14), have been linked to spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA27). In addition, mice lacking Fgf14 (Fgf14−/−) exhibit an ataxia phenotype resembling SCA27, accompanied by marked changes in the excitability of cerebellar granule and Purkinje neurons. It is not known, however, whether these phenotypes result from defects in neuronal development or if they reflect a physiological requirement for iFGF14 in the adult cerebellum. Here, we demonstrate that the acute and selective Fgf14-targeted short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated in vivo “knock-down” of iFGF14 in adult Purkinje neurons attenuates spontaneous and evoked action potential firing without measurably affecting the expression or localization of voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels at Purkinje neuron axon initial segments. The selective shRNA-mediated in vivo “knock-down” of iFGF14 in adult Purkinje neurons also impairs motor coordination and balance. Repetitive firing can be restored in Fgf14-targeted shRNA-expressing Purkinje neurons, as well as in Fgf14−/− Purkinje neurons, by prior membrane hyperpolarization, suggesting that the iFGF14-mediated regulation of the excitability of mature Purkinje neurons depends on membrane potential. Further experiments revealed that the loss of iFGF14 results in a marked hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of steady-state inactivation of the Nav currents in adult Purkinje neurons. We also show here that expressing iFGF14 selectively in adult Fgf14−/− Purkinje neurons rescues spontaneous firing and improves motor performance. Together, these results demonstrate that iFGF14 is required for spontaneous and evoked action potential firing in adult Purkinje neurons, thereby controlling the output of these cells and the regulation of motor coordination and balance.
High-Throughput RNA-Seq Data Analysis of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and Zygomorphic Flower Development in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a model plant that has been used in classical genetics and organ development studies. However, its large and complex genome has hindered research investigations in pea. Here, we generated transcriptomes from different tissues or organs of three pea accessions using next-generation sequencing to assess single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and further investigated petal differentially expressed genes to elucidate the mechanisms regulating floral zygomorphy. Eighteen samples were sequenced, which yielded a total of 617 million clean reads, and de novo assembly resulted in 87,137 unigenes. A total of 9044 high-quality SNPs were obtained among the three accessions, and a consensus map was constructed. We further discovered several dorsoventral asymmetrically expressed genes that were confirmed by qRT-PCR among different petals, including previously reported three CYC-like proliferating cell factor (TCP) genes. One MADS-box gene was highly expressed in dorsal petals, and several MYB factors were predominantly expressed among dorsal, lateral, and/or ventral petals, together with a ventrally expressed TCP gene. In sum, our comprehensive database complements the existing resources for comparative genetic mapping and facilitates future investigations in legume zygomorphic flower development.
Dynamical systems theory in physiology

Readers of the current issue will find something unfamiliar, perhaps tantalizing, perhaps unsettling. I am referring to the articles by Cha et al. (see [“Ionic mechanisms and Ca2+ dynamics…”][1] and [“Time-dependent changes in membrane excitability…”][2]). The first of these articles is
Phylogenetic and molecular characterization of a 23S rRNA gene positions the genus Campylobacter in the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria and shows that the presence of transcribed spacers is common in Campylobacter spp

The nucleotide sequence of a 23S rRNA gene of Campylobacter coli VC167 was determined. The primary sequence of the C. coli 23S rRNA was deduced, and a secondary-structure model was constructed. Comparison with Escherichia coli 23S rRNA showed a major difference in the C. coli rRNA at approximately position 1170 (E. coli numbering) in the form of an extra sequence block approximately 147 bp long. PCR analysis of 31 other strains of C. coli and C. jejuni showed that 69% carried a transcribed spacer of either ca. 147 or ca. 37 bp. Comparison of all sequenced Campylobacter transcribed spacers showed that the Campylobacter inserts were related in sequence and percent G+C content. All Campylobacter strains carrying transcribed spacers in their 23S rRNA genes produced fragmented 23S rRNAs. Other strains which produced unfragmented 23S rRNAs did not appear to carry transcribed spacers at this position in their 23S rRNA genes. At the 1850 region (E. coli numbering), Campylobacter 23S rRNA displayed a base pairing signature most like that of the beta and gamma subdivisions of the class Proteobacteria, but in the 270 region, Campylobacter 23S rRNA displayed a helix signature which distinguished it from the alpha, beta, and gamma subdivisions. Phylogenetic analysis comparing C. coli VC167 23S rRNA and a C. jejuni TGH9011 (ATCC 43431) 23S rRNA with 53 other completely sequenced (eu)bacterial 23S rRNAs showed that the two campylobacters form a sister group to the alpha, beta, and gamma proteobacterial 23S rRNAs, a positioning consistent with the idea that the genus Campylobacter belongs to the epsilon subdivision of the class Proteobacteria.
Modelling arterial input functions in positron emission tomography dynamic studies

The quantification of dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) images often requires the invasive measures of the arterial plasma tracer concentration to be used as arterial input function (AIF). In several situations, a mathematical model is fit to the hematic data to obtain a continuous and noise-free description of the AIF. In common practice, the tri-exponential and Feng's models are generally adopted. Despite their general applicability, often these approximations of blood tracer activity do not properly describe the complex behavior of the AIF (e.g. different clearance rates of the tracers) as well as they do not account for the length of the radiotracer injection. Here we propose two models able to include the injection duration as additional information in the AIF modeling and we compare their performances in eight different datasets acquired from different PET facilities.