Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Fuzzy Association Rule-Based Classification Model for High-Dimensional Problems With Genetic Rule Selection and Lateral Tuning

The inductive learning of fuzzy rule-based classification systems suffers from exponential growth of the fuzzy rule search space when the number of patterns and/or variables becomes high. This growth makes the learning process more difficult and, in most cases, it leads to problems of scalability (in terms of the time and memory consumed) and/or complexity (with respect to the number of rules obtained and the number of variables included in each rule). In this paper, we propose a fuzzy association rule-based classification method for high-dimensional problems, which is based on three stages to obtain an accurate and compact fuzzy rule-based classifier with a low computational cost. This method limits the order of the associations in the association rule extraction and considers the use of subgroup discovery, which is based on an improved weighted relative accuracy measure to preselect the most interesting rules before a genetic postprocessing process for rule selection and parameter tuning. The results that are obtained more than 26 real-world datasets of different sizes and with different numbers of variables demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Channel Quantization and Feedback Optimization in Multiuser MIMO-OFDM Downlink Systems

We consider a multiuser MIMO-OFDM downlink system with single antenna mobile terminals (MTs) where channel state information at the base station is provided through limited uplink feedback (FB). In order to reduce the FB rate and signal processing complexity, the available bandwidth is divided into resource blocks (RBs) whose number of subcarriers reflects the coherence bandwidth of the channel. This approach is very common in the standardization of 4th generation wireless communication systems and justifies an independent channel quantization per RB. The paper has two main contributions: firstly we show conditions on the coherence bandwidth of the channel and the FB rate per RB that allow for a simpler characterization of the RB channel matrix by a space vector, causing negligible performance loss. This is accomplished after deriving a new performance metric for RB channel quantization that exploits spatial and frequency correlation. As a second contribution we investigate the trade-off between accurate channel knowledge and frequency/multiuser diversity. It is seen that even for a moderate number of MTs in the network, concentrating all the available FB bits in characterizing only one RB provides a significant gain in system throughput over a more classical distributed approach and this result is validated both analytically and by simulations.
Predicting Maintainability Using Object Oriented System Decomposition Metrics

: The maintenance of existing software can account for 60 percent of all effort expended by the resources used in the system development life cycle. To improve the situation, analysts must design systems that are easy to use and maintain at the early stage of the development process. At the design phase, an object-oriented system (o-o system) is decomposed into subjects. Each subject is decomposed into classes. A maintainable o-o system is a system where the change affects a less number of subjects. In this work, maintainability metric is proposed. This metric measures the localization of a change in a subject at the early stages of the development process during the analysis and design phases. This metric seems to be a good indicator of the quality of a system at the early stages.
BMI and sociodemographic correlates of body image perception and attitudes in school-aged children

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to identify correlates of body image perception and dissatisfaction among school-aged children from Colombia, a country undergoing the nutrition transition. Design Cross-sectional study. Using child-adapted Stunkard scales, children were asked to indicate the silhouette that most closely represented their current and desired body shapes. Body image dissatisfaction (BID) score was estimated as current minus desired silhouette. Height and weight were measured in all children. Sociodemographic data were collected through questionnaires completed by the children's mothers. Setting Public primary schools in Bogotá, Colombia. Subjects Children aged 5–12 years (n 629) and their mothers. Results Mean BID score was 0·1 (sd 1·7). The strongest predictor of BID was actual BMI-for-age Z-score (BAZ). Compared with children with BAZ ≥ −1 and <1, those with BAZ ≥ 2 had a 1·9 units higher BID score (P for trend <0·0001). BID tended to be higher in girls than boys at any level of BAZ. Other correlates of BID included child's height-for-age Z-score, maternal BMI and dissatisfaction with the child's body, and home ownership. Conclusions Among school-aged children from a country experiencing the nutrition transition, body image perception was associated with the child's weight and height, and with maternal BMI, dissatisfaction with the child's body and socio-economic level.
Essential Role for Endogenous siRNAs during Meiosis in Mouse Oocytes

The RNase III enzyme DICER generates both microRNAs (miRNAs) and endogenous short interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs). Both small RNA species silence gene expression post-transcriptionally in association with the ARGONAUTE (AGO) family of proteins. In mammals, there are four AGO proteins (AGO1-4), of which only AGO2 possesses endonucleolytic activity. siRNAs trigger endonucleolytic cleavage of target mRNAs, mediated by AGO2, whereas miRNAs cause translational repression and mRNA decay through association with any of the four AGO proteins. Dicer deletion in mouse oocytes leads to female infertility due to defects during meiosis I. Because mouse oocytes express both miRNAs and endo-siRNAs, this phenotype could be due to the absence of either class of small RNA, or both. However, we and others demonstrated that miRNA function is suppressed in mouse oocytes, which suggested that endo-siRNAs, not miRNAs, are essential for female meiosis. To determine if this was the case we generated mice that express a catalytically inactive knock-in allele of Ago2 (Ago2ADH) exclusively in oocytes and thereby disrupted the function of siRNAs. Oogenesis and hormonal response are normal in Ago2ADH oocytes, but meiotic maturation is impaired, with severe defects in spindle formation and chromosome alignment that lead to meiotic catastrophe. The transcriptome of these oocytes is widely perturbed and shows a highly significant correlation with the transcriptome of Dicer null and Ago2 null oocytes. Expression of the mouse transcript (MT), the most abundant transposable element in mouse oocytes, is increased. This study reveals that endo-siRNAs are essential during meiosis I in mouse females, demonstrating a role for endo-siRNAs in mammals.
Promiscuous expression of Epstein‐Barr virus genes in Burkitt's lymphoma from the central African country Malawi

Primary BL in Malawian children has a very high frequency association, approaching 100%, with the human herpesvirus EBV. A detailed study carried out on viral gene expression in these tumours, using both fresh material and methanol‐fixed FNAs, showed, contrary to prediction, that most belong to a variant “class II” latency category, with lytic cycle–related genes also expressed. That is, in addition to EBNA1 expression, membrane proteins (LMP1/2A), immediate early (BZLF1) and early (IR2 and IR4) genes, a putative viral oncogene (BARF1), CST (BART) antisense transcripts and the viral bcl‐2 homologue are expressed in a high proportion of the BLs. Most, but not all, express the small viral (EBER) RNAs. Two other significant observations were made: (i) in addition to expression of cellular cytokine (IL‐10) transcripts in all tumours investigated, the normally silent viral IL‐10 homologue was expressed in some tumours; (ii) whereas EBNA1 expression from its restricted Qp promoter was generally observed, the nonrestricted Cp/Wp promoter was also active in some tumours. Viral gene expression in the Malawian [endemic (e)] BLs appears to be more promiscuous than predicted from other studies, but expression accords with the cytopathologic picture of eBLs as a rapidly proliferating cell population accompanied by considerable necrosis, and a clinically diverse disease. A small‐scale study of relapse Malawian BLs revealed a different picture of viral association, more akin to systemic BL than eBL, where EBV appears to be absent or present only at very low levels. The significance of these findings is considered. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of cellular immune response against hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3 by cationic liposome encapsulated DNA immunization

A vaccine strategy directed to increase Th1 cellular immune responses, particularly to hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 3 (NS3), has considerable potential to overcome the infection with HCV. DNA vaccination can induce both humoral and cellular immune responses, but it became apparent that the cellular uptake of naked DNA injected into muscle was not very efficient, as much of the DNA is degraded by interstitial nucleases before it reaches the nucleus for transcription. In this paper, cationic liposomes composed of different cationic lipids, such as dimethyl‐dioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB), 1,2‐dioleoyl‐3‐trimethylammonium‐propane (DOTAP), or 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycerol‐3‐ethylphosphocholine (DOEPC), were used to improve DNA immunization in mice, and their efficiencies were compared. It was found that cationic liposome‐mediated DNA immunization induced stronger HCV NS3‐specific immune responses than immunization with naked DNA alone. Cationic liposomes composed of DDAB and equimolar of a neutral lipid, egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EPC), induced the strongest antigen‐specific Th1 type immune responses among the cationic liposome investigated, whereas the liposomes composed of 2 cationic lipids, DDAB and DOEPC, induced an antigen‐specific Th2 type immune response. All cationic liposomes used in this study triggered high‐level, nonspecific IL‐12 production in mice, a feature important for the development of maximum Th1 immune responses. In conclusion, the cationic liposome‐mediated gene delivery is a viable HCV vaccine strategy that should be further tested in the chimpanzee model.
ELICITATION STRATEGIES FOR WEB APPLICATION USING ACTIVITY THEORY

Requirements engineering (RE) is often seen as an essential facet in software development. It is a vital process before each project starts. In the context of systems engineering, an understanding and application of systems theory and practice is also relevant to RE. The contexts in which RE takes place habitually involve human activities. Therefore, RE needs to be sensitive to how people perceive and understand the world around them, how they interact, and how the sociology of the workplace affects their actions. This paper will propose a new approach in requirements elicitation process by considering the human intervention in each activity involve with the development process. Web application development requires proper elicitation process because it has its own distinctive features. Without proper elicitation process, the requirements will turn to be inaccurate and incomplete thus will increase the ambiguity. Therefore, this paper will examine the role of the activity theory in order to decrease the impact of the said problems or to avoid them. Some analysis will be made over the theory in order to discover its sustainability in promoting and maintaining the quality of the requirements, with the aim to underline better way of eliciting the requirements for the Web application.
On Decoding the Responses of a Population of Neurons from Short Time Windows

The effectiveness of various stimulus identification (decoding) procedures for extracting the information carried by the responses of a population of neurons to a set of repeatedly presented stimuli is studied analytically, in the limit of short time windows. It is shown that in this limit, the entire information content of the responses can sometimes be decoded, and when this is not the case, the lost information is quantified. In particular, the mutual information extracted by taking into account only the most likely stimulus in each trial turns out to be, if not equal, much closer to the true value than that calculated from all the probabilities that each of the possible stimuli in the set was the actual one. The relation between the mutual information extracted by decoding and the percentage of correct stimulus decodings is also derived analytically in the same limit, showing that the metric content index can be estimated reliably from a few cells recorded from brief periods. Computer simulations as well as the activity of real neurons recorded in the primate hippocampus serve to confirm these results and illustrate the utility and limitations of the approach.
IL-18 Induces Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Pulmonary Inflammation via CD4+ T Cell and IL-13

IL-18 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammatory diseases including pulmonary infection, pulmonary fibrosis, lung injury and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is unknown whether IL-18 plays any role in the pathogenesis of asthma. We hypothesized that overexpression of mature IL-18 protein in the lungs may exacerbate disease activities of asthma. We established lung-specific IL-18 transgenic mice on a Balb/c genetic background. Female mice sensitized– and challenged– with antigen (ovalbumin) were used as a mouse asthma model. Pulmonary inflammation and emphysema were not observed in the lungs of naïve transgenic mice. However, airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammatory cells accompanied with CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages were significantly increased in ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged transgenic mice, as compared to wild type Balb/c mice. We also demonstrate that IL-18 induces IFN-γ, IL-13, and eotaxin in the lungs of ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged transgenic mice along with an increase in IL-13 producing CD4+ T cells. Treatment with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody or deletion of the IL-13 gene improves ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and reduces airway inflammatory cells in transgenic mice. Overexpressing the IL-18 protein in the lungs induces type 1 and type 2 cytokines and airway inflammation, and results in increasing airway hyperresponsiveness via CD4+ T cells and IL-13 in asthma.
Activation of Hif1α by the Prolylhydroxylase Inhibitor Dimethyoxalyglycine Decreases Radiosensitivity

Hypoxia inducible factor 1α (Hif1α) is a stress responsive transcription factor, which regulates the expression of genes required for adaption to hypoxia. Hif1α is normally hydroxylated by an oxygen-dependent prolylhydroxylase, leading to degradation and clearance of Hif1α from the cell. Under hypoxic conditions, the activity of the prolylhydroxylase is reduced and Hif1α accumulates. Hif1α is also constitutively expressed in tumor cells, where it is associated with resistance to ionizing radiation. Activation of the Hif1α transcriptional regulatory pathway may therefore function to protect normal cells from DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. Here, we utilized the prolylhydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) to elevate Hif1α levels in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to determine if DMOG could function as a radioprotector. The results demonstrate that DMOG increased Hif1α protein levels and decreased the sensitivity of MEFs to ionizing radiation. Further, the ability of DMOG to function as a radioprotector required Hif1α, indicating a key role for Hif1α's transcriptional activity. DMOG also induced the Hif1α -dependent accumulation of several DNA damage response proteins, including CHD4 and MTA3 (sub-units of the NuRD deacetylase complex) and the Suv39h1 histone H3 methyltransferase. Depletion of Suv39h1, but not CHD4 or MTA3, reduced the ability of DMOG to protect cells from radiation damage, implicating increased histone H3 methylation in the radioprotection of cells. Finally, treatment of mice with DMOG prior to total body irradiation resulted in significant radioprotection of the mice, demonstrating the utility of DMOG and related prolylhydroxylase inhibitors to protect whole organisms from ionizing radiation. Activation of Hif1α through prolylhydroxylase inhibition therefore identifies a new pathway for the development of novel radiation protectors.
Life Lived Well: A Narrative Analysis of One Woman‟s Wellness Across the Life Span

The Indivisible Self (Myers & Sweeney, 2004; Myers & Sweeney, 2005a) model of wellness was proposed in the counseling literature to serve as a framework for enhancing wellness across the life span. Numerous researchers conducted a variety of investigations related to this model; however, gaps in the literature still exist. The aim of the current study was to add to the body of existing literature by investigating one woman‟s wellness across the life span utilizing qualitative methods. The senior adult participant provided a narrative of her life in the form of an oral history. This narrative was then analyzed through the lens of the Indivisible Self model of wellness. The result of this analysis was a descriptive picture of wellness for this woman over the course of her life as it relates to the five Second Order factors of the Indivisible Self model. These five Second Order factors are the Creative Self, Coping Self, Social Self, Essential Self, and Physical Self. In addition to this descriptive picture of wellness, several themes were identified that were central to the participant‟s stories. These themes were Activity, Pleasure, Faith, Relationships, and Helping. The relationship between these themes and concepts from the Indivisible Self model are discussed. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are provided.
Solution conformation of 2-aminopurine dinucleotide determined by ultraviolet two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy

We have observed the conformation-dependent electronic coupling between the monomeric subunits of a dinucleotide of 2-aminopurine (2-AP), a fluorescent analogue of the nucleic acid base adenine. This was accomplished by extending two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (2D FS)—a fluorescence-detected variation of 2D electronic spectroscopy—to excite molecular transitions in the ultraviolet (UV) regime. A collinear sequence of four ultrafast laser pulses centered at 323 nm was used to resonantly excite the coupled transitions of 2-AP dinucleotide. The phases of the optical pulses were continuously swept at kilohertz frequencies, and the ensuing nonlinear fluorescence was phase-synchronously detected at 370 nm. Upon optimization of a point–dipole coupling model to our data, we found that in aqueous buffer the 2-AP dinucleotide adopts an average conformation in which the purine bases are non-helically stacked (center-to-center distance R12 = 3.5 ± 0.5 Å , twist angle θ12 = 5° ± 5° ), which differs from the conformation of such adjacent bases in duplex DNA. These experiments establish UV–2D FS as a method for examining the local conformations of an adjacent pair of fluorescent nucleotides substituted into specific DNA or RNA constructs, which will serve as a powerful probe to interpret, in structural terms, biologically significant local conformational changes within the nucleic acid framework of protein–nucleic acid complexes.
Design and cof self-organized data aggregation using evolutionary game theory in delay tolerant networks

In delay tolerant networks (DTNs), custody transfer mechanism provides reliable end-to-end data transfer in which special nodes (custodians) transfer data with custody in a hop-by-hop manner. As a result, storage congestion occurs when data with custody increases and/or the network is partitioned into multiple sub-networks for a long time. The storage congestion can be alleviated with the help of message ferries. In such a scenario, data should be aggregated to some custodians so that message ferries can effectively collect them. In this paper, we propose a scheme to aggregate data into selected custodians, called aggregators, in a fully distributed and autonomous manner by using evolutionary game theoretical approach where we can also control the number of aggregators to a desired value.
Random Tag Forest

We consider the multi-label classification problem in this paper. We propose a randomized ensemble learning algorithm, random tag forest, which is an ensemble of random tag trees. Each tree is built by randomly defining a hierarchical tree structure over a subset of tag vocabulary. Each node in the tree corresponds to a tag in the vocabulary. During testing, a testing example will pass through each tree in the random tag forest. The tags along its path will be output as the prediction to this example. The final classification prediction is made by aggregating output across all trees in the random tag forest. The proposed approach is evaluated on a benchmark of image annotation. The experiments show that our approach achieves better results than the baseline.
APPLICATION OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM FOR THE EVALUATION OF CONSOLS' PRESENT VALUE

The aim of the article is to demonstrate the use of the Laplace transform to the evaluation of consols’ present value under different streams of returns (dividends). Consols (or perpetual bonds, perpetuities) are bonds with no maturity, which means that interest is paid to a bondholder perpetually (usually annually) forever. The present value of a consol, when constant interest is paid, is simply a ratio of this interest and interest rate. However, when interest payments (stream of returns to a bondholder) change in time the evaluation of consol’s present value is more complicated. In the first part of this article it is shown that the Laplace transform of a stream of returns can be used to the evaluation present value of a consol under assumption of continuous compounding; and moreover, with the inverse Laplace transform an unknown stream of returns can be reconstructed from the known consol’s present value. In the second part of the paper, the use of the Laplace transform for the present value evaluation is illustrated by examples. Introduction The Laplace transform, named after French mathematician and astronomer Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827), is the integral transformation widely used in many areas of physics and engineering. It belongs into broader class of integral transformations including Fourier, Hartley, Hilbert, Poisson, Weierstrass and other transforms. The main area of the application of the Laplace transform is the solution of ordinary and partial differential equations (see e.g. [3], [8], [9] or [10]), because the Laplace transform converts differential equations into algebraic ones, which are easier to handle with. Another area of application includes signal and image processing, the theory of electric circuits, probability theory or impuls-response analysis. In economics, the Laplace transform can be applied to the analysis of dynamics and shocks in time series of macroeconomic indicators [4], for pricing barrier options [7], analysis