Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of air resistance on the jumping performance of insects.

A spring gun was constructed to propel objects at known velocities of between 1 and 4.5 m.s-1. This was used to project insects and various models in a vertical trajectory. By comparing the height attained in air by the insects or models with the height theoretically possible in vacuo, the energy lost against air resistance was observed. Small insects have a higher frontal area to mass ratio than larger ones so have relatively more aerodynamic drag and attain lower heights. The observed effect may be expressed in terms of the drag coefficient, CD. Fleas and locusts have CD of about 1. Winged flies have CD of about 1.5 which falls to about 1 when the wings are amputated and to about 0.8 when the legs are amputated. Aptery is advantageous in jumping insects. From experiments with models, it appears that the optimal condition for small jumping insects is that the body should be as compact as possible to reduce the frontal area to mass ratio. Thus dense spherical bodies are favoured. Some species of jumping insect have densities of about 1 mg.mm-3 while some flying beetles and flies have densities between 0.3 and 0.8 mg.mm-3. The Reynolds number at which the experiments were performed was from 65-205 for fleas up to 740-2340 for locusts. The models operated in similar ranges. At a velocity which would propel a larger animal to a height of 1 m, fleas weighing 0.4 mg only reach about 0.4 m. At lower initial velocities, proportionately less energy is wasted against air resistance so the jump efficiency is higher. Most fleas jump to a height of about 0.1 m with an efficiency of 0.8 while locusts jump to a height of 0.35 m with an efficiency of over 0.9. Air resistance is thus an important scale effect in jumping insects and provides its own design constraints.
Mobile phone base station‐emitted radiation does not induce phosphorylation of Hsp27

An in vitro study focusing on the effects of low‐level radiofrequency (RF) fields from mobile radio base stations employing the International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 (IMT‐2000) cellular system was conducted to test the hypothesis that modulated RF fields act to induce phosphorylation and overexpression of heat shock protein hsp27. First, we evaluated the responses of human cells to microwave exposure at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 80 mW/kg, which corresponds to the limit of the average whole‐body SAR for general public exposure defined as a basic restriction in the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. Second, we investigated whether continuous wave (CW) and Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W‐CDMA) modulated signal RF fields at 2.1425 GHz induced activation or gene expression of hsp27 and other heat shock proteins (hsps). Human glioblastoma A172 cells were exposed to W‐CDMA radiation at SARs of 80 and 800 mW/kg for 2–48 h, and CW radiation at 80 mW/kg for 24 h. Human IMR‐90 fibroblasts from fetal lungs were exposed to W‐CDMA at 80 and 800 mW/kg for 2 or 28 h, and CW at 80 mW/kg for 28 h. Under the RF field exposure conditions described above, no significant differences in the expression levels of phosphorylated hsp27 at serine 82 (hsp27[pS82]) were observed between the test groups exposed to W‐CDMA or CW signal and the sham‐exposed negative controls, as evaluated immediately after the exposure periods by bead‐based multiplex assays. Moreover, no noticeable differences in the gene expression of hsps were observed between the test groups and the negative controls by DNA Chip analysis. Our results confirm that exposure to low‐level RF field up to 800 mW/kg does not induce phosphorylation of hsp27 or expression of hsp gene family. Bioelectromagnetics © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validation and comparison of seventeen noninvasive models for evaluating liver fibrosis in Chinese hepatitis B patients

To avoid liver biopsy, many noninvasive models comprised of serum markers for liver fibrosis assessment have been developed. Given that most of them were developed in hepatitis C cohorts and few of them have been validated in Chinese hepatitis B patients, we aim to conduct this validation and compare their diagnostic accuracies in such a population.
Mellow and Frenetic Antecedent Music during Athletic Performance of Children, Adults, and Seniors

Previous research has yielded a contradictory picture of the effects of music on athletic performance. While athletes frequently report using music while training or during or before an event, laboratory studies have generally not detected a beneficial effect of music. The influence of music, judged mellow and frenetic, played before exercise was assessed by measuring stationary bicycle mileage. 60 volunteers from three age groups (child, adult, and senior) and with two levels of prior activity (high and low) were subjects. Each participant received three randomized 2-min. exercise trials, each preceded by 1-min. exposure to mellow music, frenetic music, or white noise. Mileage in both music conditions was significantly higher than that during the white-noise control trial except among the senior subjects No significant differences between frenetic and mellow music were noted.
Synthetic Complementary Peptides Inhibit a Neutrophil Chemoattractant Found in the Alkali-injured Cornea

Purpose. We have previously presented evidence that the neutrophil chemoattractant, N-acetyl-proline-glycine-proline (N-acetyl-PGP), triggers the initial polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) invasion into the alkali-injured eye. In this study, sense–antisense methodology was used to develop novel complementary peptides to be potential inhibitors of N-acetyl-PGP. Methods. The polarization assay was used to measure the potential chemotactic response of PMNs to synthetic N-acetyl-PGP, the ultrafiltered tripeptide chemoattractants obtained from alkali-degraded rabbit corneas, or leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Inhibition was expressed as the peptide concentration producing 50% inhibition (ID50) of polarization. Five complementary peptides were tested as potential inhibitors of N-acetyl-PGP: arginine-threonine-arginine (RTR), RTR-glycine-glycine (RTRGG), RTR dimer, RTR tetramer, and alanine-serine-alanine (ASA) tetramer. In addition, the RTR tetramer and both monomeric peptides (RTR and RTRGG) were separately tested for inhibition of the ultrafiltered tripeptide chemoattractants or LTB4. Results. The complementary RTR tetrameric peptide was a powerful antagonist of N-acetyl-PGP-induced PMN polarization (ID50 of 200 nM). The RTR dimer was much less potent (ID50 of 105 &mgr;M). Both monomeric peptides, RTR and RTRGG, were only antagonistic at millimolar concentrations. The ASA tetramer showed no capacity to inhibit N-acetyl-PGP. The RTR tetramer also inhibited PMN activation by the ultrafiltered tripeptide chemoattractants (ID50 of 30 &mgr;M) but had no effect on LTB4. Conclusions. A complementary peptide (RTR) was designed which is an effective inhibitor of the neutrophil chemoattractant, N-acetyl-PGP. The potency of the RTR complementary peptide is dramatically enhanced by tetramerization. Inhibition of N-acetyl-PGP by complementary peptides offers great promise for control of the inflammatory response in the alkali-injured eye.
Analysis and Modeling of Parasitic Capacitances in Advanced Nanoscale Devices

Analysis and Modeling of Parasitic Capacitances in Advanced Nanoscale Devices. (May 2012) Prasanna Bekal, B.Tech., National Institute of Technology Karnataka, India Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Weiping Shi In order to correctly perform circuit simulation, it is crucial that parasitic capacitances near devices are accurately extracted and are consistent with the SPICE models. Although 3D device simulation can be used to extract such parasitics, it is expensive and does not consider the effects of nearby interconnect and devices in a layout. Conventional rule-based layout parasitic extraction (LPE) tools which are used for interconnect extraction are inaccurate in modeling 3D effects near devices. In this thesis, we propose a methodology which combines 3D field solver based extraction with the ability to exclude specific parasitics from among the parameters in the SPICE model. We use this methodology to extract parasitics due to fringing fields and sidewall capacitances in MOSFETs, bipolar transistors and FinFETs in advanced process nodes. We analyze the importance of considering layout and process variables in device extraction by comparing with standard SPICE models. The results are validated by circuit simulation using predictive technology models and test chips. We also demonstrate the versatility of this flow by modeling the capacitance contributions of the raised gate profile in nanoscale FinFETs.
Absence of Early Neuronal Death in the Olivocochlear System Following Acoustic Overstimulation

This study was conducted to examine possible effects of noise trauma on olivocochlear (OC) neurons. Anesthetized rats were exposed to a continuous 10 kHz pure tone at 120 dB sound pressure level for 2 hrs. The effects of treatment were verified by recordings of auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emission. Three or 8 days after acoustic trauma, rats received unilateral injections of an aqueous solution of the retrograde neuronal tracer Fluorogold (FG) into the scala tympani to identify OC neurons (OCN). Five days after FG injection, brains were perfusion‐fixed, and brainstem sections were cut and analyzed with respect to FG‐labeled neurons. We found that, in both groups, numbers of OCN were similar to that of controls. The incubation of a second set of sections with antibodies against choline‐acetyltransferase (the enzyme responsible for acetylcholine synthesis) showed the cholinergic neurons of the brainstem, however, without suggesting differences between groups. Our study, the first to investigate noise trauma effects on identified OCN, revealed that no visible alterations occurred in 2 weeks following trauma, neither in identified OCN nor in choline‐acetyltransferase‐immunofluorescence. At this time, auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emission measurements showed severe signs of hearing loss. The mechanisms leading to hearing loss upon noise trauma apparently do not involve degeneration of OCN. Anat Rec, 299:103–110, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple measurement vector compressive sampling and fisher score feature selection for fault classification of roller bearings

This paper presents a novel method for fault classification based on Multiple Measurement Vector Compressive Sampling (MMV-CS), Fisher Score (FS), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). In this method, the original vibration signal passes through MMV-CS framework to obtain compressed samples that possess the quality of the original vibration signals. Afterwards FS algorithm is applied to select the most important features of the compressed samples to reduce the computational cost, and remove irrelevant and redundant features. Finally, the compressed samples with selected features enters SVM classifier for fault classification. Six different conditions including; two healthy conditions (NO) and (NW), and four faulty conditions contains, inner race (IR), outer race (OR), rolling element (RE), and cage (CA) are investigated. The classification results achieved using our proposed method show high classification accuracy with reduced feature set that outperform some results from literature.
A coordinate descent homotopy method for linearly constrained nonsmooth convex minimization

A problem in optimization, with a wide range of applications, entails finding a solution of a linear equation with various minimization properties. Such applications include compressed sensing, which requires an efficient method to find a minimal norm solution. We propose a coordinate descent homotopy method to solve the linearly constrained convex minimization problem where P is proper, convex and lower semicontinuous. A well-known special case is the basis pursuit problem . The greedy-type coordinate descent method is applied to solve the regularized linear least squares problem, which arises as a sequence of subproblems for the proposed method, and we show global linear convergence. We report numerical results for solving large-scale basis pursuit problem. Comparison with Bregman iterative algorithm [W. Yin, S. Osher, D. Goldfarb, and J. Darbon, Bregman iterative algorithms for -minimization with applications to compressed sensing, SIAM J. Image Sci. 1 (2008), pp. 143–168] and linearized Bregman iterative algorithm [J.-F. Cai, S. Osher, and Z. Shen, Linearized Bregman iterations for compressed sensing, Math. Comput. 78 (2009), pp. 1515–1536] suggests that the proposed method can be used as an efficient method for minimization problem.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Volcano-Inhabiting Thermoacidophilic Methanotroph Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum Strain SolV

ABSTRACT The draft genome of Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV, a thermoacidophilic methanotroph of the phylum Verrucomicrobia, is presented. Annotation revealed pathways for one-carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen catabolism and respiration together with central metabolic pathways. The genome encodes three orthologues of particulate methane monooxygenases. Sequencing of this genome will help in the understanding of methane cycling in volcanic environments.
Cooperation between BAT and WAT of rats in thermogenesis in response to cold, and the mechanism of glycogen accumulation in BAT during reacclimation Published, JLR Papers in Press, November 5, 2007.

Rats were exposed to cold and then reacclimated at neutral temperature. Changes related to fatty acid and glucose metabolism in brown and white adipose tissues (BAT and WAT) and in muscle were then examined. Of the many proteins involved in the metabolic response, two lipogenic enzymes, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) and ATP-citrate lyase, were found to play a pervasive role and studied in detail. Expression of the total and phosphorylated forms of both lipogenic enzymes in response to cold increased in BAT but decreased in WAT. Importantly, in BAT, only the phosphorylation of the ACC1 isoenzyme was enhanced, whereas that of ACC2 remained unchanged. The activities of these enzymes and the in vivo rate of FFA synthesis together suggested that WAT supplies BAT with FFA and glucose by decreasing its own synthetic activity. Furthermore, cold increased the glucose uptake of BAT by stimulating the expression of components of the insulin signaling cascade, as observed by the enhanced expression and phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3. In muscle, these changes were observed only during reacclimation, when serum insulin also increased. Such changes may be responsible for the extreme glycogen accumulation in the BAT of rats reacclimated from cold.
Democlass: A Variation on the Question/Answer Technique

The results of the follow-up study showed that Group A, while increasing its economic understanding slightly, did not do so by a significant amount (a = .28). Group B, on the other hand, showed a significant increase (a < .001). This result was anticipated since the subjects in Group B all scored lower on the first test. These results substantiated that the concept of diminishing marginal returns is valid in the field of economic education.
Leveraging Conversation Structure on Social Media to Identify Potentially Influential Users

Social networks have a community providing feedback on comments that allows to identify opinion leaders and users whose positions are unwelcome. Other platforms are not backed by such tools. Having a picture of the community's reactions to a published content is a non trivial problem. In this work we propose a novel approach using Abstract Argumentation Frameworks and machine learning to describe interactions between users. Our experiments provide evidence that modelling the flow of a conversation with the primitives of AAF can support the identification of users who produce consistently appreciated content without modelling such content.
Orosomucoid influences the response to antidepressants in major depressive disorder

Orosomucoid, an acute phase protein, carries basic drugs including antidepressants in plasma. Elevated levels have been reported in patients with depression. It has yet to be established whether orosomucoid concentration influences antidepressant response. The orosomucoid gene (ORM1) is polymorphic and the protein isoforms have differing pharmacokinetic properties which could alter plasma profile and blood brain barrier transport of antidepressants. Outpatients (n = 157) in a randomised control trial of fluoxetine versus nortriptyline were genotyped for the ORM1 variants. Plasma concentrations of acute phase proteins were also measured. Outcomes were the completion of an adequate six week trial of antidepressant and response. Response was defined as an improvement ≥60% on the Montgomery-Asperg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) over six weeks. The first notable finding was that individuals with an ORM1*S/*S genotype were less likely to complete an adequate six week trial of an antidepressant (OR = 4.707, 95% CI 1.769—12.527, P = 0.002). The second was that higher orosomucoid concentrations were found in antidepressant non-responders (91.4%) than responders (79.1%) (F1, 106 = 5.669, P = 0.019). These findings highlight the potential importance of variables such as orosomucoid which impact on drug availability on the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant drugs.
Differential effects of nitric oxide synthesis on pulmonary vascular function during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury

Lung ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury causes alveolar, epithelial and endothelial cell dysfunction which often results in decreased alveolar perfusion, characteristic of an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Nitric oxide (NO) from endothelium-derived NO synthase (eNOS) helps maintain a low pulmonary vascular resistance. Paradoxically, during acute lung injury, overproduction of NO via inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and oxidative stress lead to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) formation and vascular dysfunction. RNS potentiate vascular and cellular injury by oxidation, by decreasing NO bioavailability, and by regulating NOS isoforms. RNS potentiate their own production by uncoupling NO production through eNOS by oxidation and disruption of Akt-mediated phosphorylation of eNOS. This review focuses on effects of NO which cause vascular dysfunction in the unique environment of the lung and presents a hypothesis for interplay between eNOS and iNOS activation with implications for development of new strategies to treat vascular dysfunction associated with IR.
Kinesiology Tape or Compression Sleeve Applied to the Thigh Does Not Improve Balance or Muscle Activation Before or Following Fatigue

Abstract Cavanaugh, MT, Quigley, PJ, Hodgson, DD, Reid, JC, and Behm, DG. Kinesiology tape or compression sleeve applied to the thigh does not improve balance or muscle activation before or following fatigue. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1992–2000, 2016—Compression sleeves (CS) and kinesiology tape (KT) are purported to enhance proprioception, however, there is substantial conflict in the literature. Because the beneficial effects of CS and KT are more evident in the literature with recovery, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of CS and KT on balance under acute nonfatigued and postfatigued conditions. Using a within-subject, repeated-measures design, 12 university participants (5 females and 7 males) performed in a random order CS, KT, and Control conditions. Two trials of each test were conducted before the application of CS or KT (pretest 1), immediately after the application (pretest 2), with posttests at 1 and 10 minutes after 4 sets of unilateral Bulgarian squats to failure (1 minute rest between sets). Tests included a Y balance test (measures: distance reached by nondominant foot in anterior, posterior lateral, and posterior medial directions) and drop jump landing balance test from a 50-cm platform (measures: ground reaction force, electromyography, and center of pressure). The fatigue protocol induced 25.3% decrease in unilateral squat repetitions from set 1 to set 4. There were no significant condition main effects or interactions for any balance measure or EMG before or after fatigue. In conclusion, independent of fatigue, there was no significant effect of CS or KT on balance outcomes immediately and up to 10 minutes following the fatiguing intervention. Thus, nonfatigued or muscles weakened by fatigue did not benefit from CS and KT application.
Stochastic Modeling for Extra Propagation Loss of Tunnel Curve

Due to the extra loss resulting from tunnel curve, most of the theoretical models cannot be directly used for propagation inside curved tunnels. In this paper,extensive simulations are made for propagation at different frequencies in different types of curved tunnels, by using a ray-tracing simulator that is validated by numerous measurements. From the simulated received power, the extra losses of tunnel curve in various cases are extracted, analyzed, and stochastically modeled by normal distributions. Thus, with the parameters presented in this paper, the total propagation loss inside curved tunnels can be predicted by adding the stochastically generated extra loss to the propagation loss in the straight tunnel. This provides a fairly simple and effective way to extend the theoretical propagation models to fulfill network planning and system design for communication systems in real curved tunnels.
The Effect of Papaya Seed Ethanol Extract in Vivo on The Number of Osteoblasts Cells of Periodontitis-Induced Rats

The papaya seed ethanol extract is rich in antioxidant ingredients, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. One of the main factors causing chronic inflammatory in periodontitis is oxidative stress. Administration of papaya seed extract is assumed to increase the number of rat osteoblast cells induced periodontitis. This research was conducted to analyze the effect of papaya seed extract on osteoblasts cells of rat induced periodontitis. This research represented an experimental laboratory-based investigation involving 35 rats of the Rattus norvegicus strain divided into 5 treatment groups (K, P1, P2, P3, P4). Control group (K) was not induced by periodontitis and was not given an extract, while group P induced periodontitis using LPS Phorphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis) for 7 days and continued wire mesh installation around the mandibular incisors in the form of number “8” for 7 days. P1 group was given feed only without extract, while the rest were given extract of 200 mg/kgBB, 300mg/kgBB, and 400mg/kgBB. The data obtained were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA test. The results showed that the average number of osteoblasts varied significantly between the groups. There was an increase in the average number of osteoblast cells in rat induced periodontitis after given papaya seed extract.