Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shared characteristics of suicides and other unnatural deaths following non-fatal self-harm? A multicentre study of risk factors

Background Mortality, including suicide and accidents, is elevated in self-harm populations. Although risk factors for suicide following self-harm are often investigated, rarely have those for accidents been studied. Our aim was to compare risk factors for suicide and accidents. Method A prospective cohort (n=30 202) from the Multicentre Study of Self-harm in England, 2000–2007, was followed up to 2010 using national death registers. Risk factors for suicide (intentional self-harm and undetermined intent) and accidents (narcotic poisoning, non-narcotic poisoning, and non-poisoning) following the last hospital presentation for self-harm were estimated using Cox models. Results During follow-up, 1833 individuals died, 378 (20.6%) by suicide and 242 (13.2%) by accidents. Independent predictors of both suicide and accidents were: male gender, age ⩾35 years (except accidental narcotic poisoning) and psychiatric treatment (except accidental narcotic poisoning). Factors differentiating suicide from accident risk were previous self-harm, last method of self-harm (twofold increased risks for cutting and violent self-injury versus self-poisoning) and mental health problems. A risk factor specific to accidental narcotic poisoning was recreational/illicit drug problems, and a risk factor specific to accidental non-narcotic poisoning and non-poisoning accidents was alcohol involvement with self-harm. Conclusions The similarity of risk factors for suicide and accidents indicates common experiences of socio-economic disadvantage, life problems and psychopathology resulting in a variety of self-destructive behaviour. Of factors associated with the accidental death groups, those for non-narcotic poisoning and other accidents were most similar to suicide; differences seemed to be related to criteria coroners use in reaching verdicts. Our findings support the idea of a continuum of premature death.
The blue light-induced interaction of cryptochrome 1 with COP1 requires SPA proteins during Arabidopsis light signaling

Plants constantly adjust their growth, development and metabolism to the ambient light environment. Blue light is sensed by the Arabidopsis photoreceptors CRY1 and CRY2 which subsequently initiate light signal transduction by repressing the COP1/SPA E3 ubiquitin ligase. While the interaction between cryptochromes and SPA is blue light-dependent, it was proposed that CRY1 interacts with COP1 constitutively, i.e. also in darkness. Here, our in vivo co-immunoprecipitation experiments suggest that CRY1 and CRY2 form a complex with COP1 only after seedlings were exposed to blue light. No association between COP1 and CRY1 or CRY2 was observed in dark-grown seedlings. Thus, our results suggest that cryptochromes bind the COP1/SPA complex after photoactivation by blue light. In a spa quadruple mutant that is devoid of all four SPA proteins, CRY1 and COP1 did not interact in vivo, neither in dark-grown nor in blue light-grown seedlings. Hence, SPA proteins are required for the high-affinity interaction between CRY1 and COP1 in blue light. Yeast three-hybrid experiments also show that SPA1 enhances the CRY1-COP1 interaction. The coiled-coil domain of SPA1 which is responsible for COP1-binding was necessary to mediate a CRY1-SPA1 interaction in vivo, implying that—in turn—COP1 may be necessary for a CRY1-SPA1 complex formation. Hence, SPA1 and COP1 may act cooperatively in recognizing and binding photoactivated CRY1. In contrast, the blue light-induced association between CRY2 and COP1 was not dependent on SPA proteins in vivo. Similarly, ΔCC-SPA1 interacted with CRY2, though with a much lower affinity than wild-type SPA1. In total, our results demonstrate that CRY1 and CRY2 strongly differ in their blue light-induced interaction with the COP1/SPA complex.
Can I Take the Car?

The goal of this study was to examine relations among problem-driving practices and parenting practices. Three hundred adolescents licensed 2 years or less were interviewed about driving behaviors, parenting practices, and orientations toward deviance. Factors significantly related to risky driving behaviors, traffic violations, and motor vehicle crashes included lower levels of parental monitoring and control, and lenient parental restrictions on driving (i.e., friends as passengers and driving curfews). Parental monitoring was among the subset of variables most useful in predicting risky driving behaviors. Violations were 4 times more likely with lenient restrictions related to frequency of friends as passengers and 2 times more likely with low parental control. Crashes were 7 times more likely with lenient restrictions related to frequency of friends as passengers. Overall, the findings suggest that adolescent problem driving is related to parenting practices.
Impacts of the Angular Dependence of the Solar Diffuser BRDF Degradation Factor on the SNPP VIIRS Reflective Solar Band On-Orbit Radiometric Calibration

Using an onboard sunlit solar diffuser (SD) as the primary radiance source, the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite regularly performs radiometric calibration of its reflective solar bands (RSBs). The SD bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) value decreases over time. A numerical degradation factor is used to quantify the degradation and is determined by an onboard SD stability monitor (SDSM), which observes the sun and the sunlit SD at almost the same time. We had shown previously that the BRDF degradation factor was angle-dependent. Consequently, due to that the SDSM and the RSB view the SD at very different angles relative to both the solar and the SD surface normal vectors, directly applying the BRDF degradation factor determined by the SDSM to the VIIRS RSB calibration can result in large systematic errors. We develop a phenomenological model to calculate the BRDF degradation factor for the RSB SD view from the degradation factor for the SDSM SD view. Using the yearly undulations observed in the VIIRS detector gains for the M1–M4 bands calculated with the SD BRDF degradation factor for the SDSM SD view and the difference between the VIIRS detector gains calculated from the SD and the lunar observations, we obtain the model parameter values and thus establish the relation between the BRDF degradation factors for the RSB and the SDSM SD view directions.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Spectrum of Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas

Objective To describe the magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of solid pseudopapillary tumors (SPTs), with an emphasis on solid SPTs. Methods Thirty-two patients with proven SPTs with preoperative magnetic resonance were included. The SPTs were classified into 3 types: solid, cystic, and mixed; and 2 radiologists analyzed the images regarding the morphologic features and enhancement pattern. Results Of 11 solid SPTs, 9 SPTs (81.8%) were less than 3 cm. Alternatively, of the 18 mixed SPTs and 3 cystic SPTs, 15 SPTs (71.4%) were larger than 3 cm. The predominant imaging features were homogeneous hypoenhancement with a gradually incremental enhancement pattern showing a sharp margin without hemorrhage, whereas those of the mixed SPTs were heterogeneous enhancement showing a sharp margin with internal hemorrhage. Conclusion Solid SPTs frequently present as small, well-defined tumors with a gradual enhancement and without hemorrhage or necrosis, and with features that differ from those of mixed or cystic SPTs.
The Emotional Affordances of Forest Settings: An Investigation in Boys with Extreme Behavioural Problems

Abstract The physical and social participatory properties of landscapes have been explored using affordance theory but, as yet, the affective dimension of affordances is ill-defined. This paper sets out a framework for integrating affect within the affordance perceptual model. In doing so, it draws on two established models of emotion that identify ‘valence’ (pleasure-displeasure) and ‘arousal’ (inactive-active) as basic dimensions underlying an emotional response. Ethnographic methods were employed over a six-month period to observe the emotional responses to a forest setting in boys (aged 10–12) with extreme behaviour problems and confined to a specialist residential school in central Scotland. Over time, changes in affective responses to the setting were mapped and located both within the physical setting and within the circumplex emotion model. Results show an increase in positive affective responses to the forest setting over time, accompanied by increased trust, exploratory activity and social cohesion, dimensions linked in the literature with well-being. The significance of this paper is two-fold: first, it extends research in restorative health by showing how forest settings can, in a rehabilitation context over time, offer opportunities for long-term ‘instoration’ in boys suffering from extreme mental trauma. Second, it is a first attempt at integrating affect within the affordance perception framework providing a conceptual model which can be expanded upon by future researchers.
Making Sense: Interlanguage's Intertalk in Exolingual Conversation

This article describes processes of facilitation involved in exolingual conversation, i.e., interaction between partners who are dynamically adjusting their respective linguistic performances. The type of exolingual conversation examined in this paper is that between foreign learners and native speakers. The foreign learner's linguistic competence, known as interlanguage, and his performance, which I refer to as intertalk, give rise to certain strategies in exolingual conversation. By studying these strategies, linguists can describe communicatively competent behavior in second language acquisition. I conclude that such behavior is dynamic and creative, incapable of being described and defined within predetermined structures.
Direct participation and the quality of work

The article compares the importance for the quality of work of three forms of direct participation – individual task discretion, semi-autonomous teamwork and consultative participation – drawing on a representative national survey of British employees. It assesses their implications for employee welfare, specifically their subjective importance, their implications for learning new skills and their effects on psychological well-being. It finds that individual task discretion is the most effective form of direct participation, followed by consultative participation. Although there are also positive effects of semi-autonomous teamwork, these are weaker and less consistently significant. The article finds that the strength of the implications of direct participation vary between employees, particularly by occupational class and the importance employees attach to the use of initiative at work. However, with the exception of those with weak initiative orientation, its effects are generally positive across different categories of employee.
Detection of known and new mutations in the thiopurine S‐methyltransferase gene by single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis

To detect mutations in the thiopurine S‐methyltransferase gene (TPMT), we have developed a strategy based on single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sensitivity of the method was first evaluated by analyzing DNA samples from five individuals, including two high methylators (HMs), two intermediate methylators (IMs), and one deficient methylator (DM). TPMT alleles and mutations in each of these individuals had previously been characterized by conventional PCR‐based assays and direct sequencing analysis. All mutations were associated with particular shifts in the electrophoretic mobility of DNA fragments, allowing their identification. We further tested the efficiency of the strategy to detect new TPMT mutations. For this purpose, additional DNAs from 15 IMs and 15 HMs were submitted to PCR‐SSCP analysis. A total of 7 alleles were characterized, including two new alleles. The first one, termed TPMT*1A, harbors a single mutation C → T at nucleotide –178 in exon 1 and was detected in a HM subject. The second one, termed TPMT*7, was characterized by a T → G transversion at nucleotide 681 in exon 10. This allele should be a nonfunctional allele of the TPMT gene since it was observed in combination with a wild‐type allele in an intermediate methylator. We conclude that the PCR‐SSCP strategy we developed could be advantageously used to fully characterize the extent of allelic variation at the TPMT gene locus in populations and thus to improve our understanding of the genetic polymorphism of TPMT activity, which has considerable consequences for the toxicity and efficacy of therapeutically important and widely used drugs. Hum Mutat 12:177–185, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Balancing a humanoid robot using backdrive concerned torque control and direct angular momentum feedback

A balance control method for a humanoid robot is presented. It consists of a contact torque controller which is designed to have a good backdrivability and a feedback control of the total angular momentum and the center of gravity of a robot. A simulation result of a balance control using a 26 DOF humanoid robot model is shown.
Adaptive RBFNN Formation Control of Multi-mobile Robots with Actuator Dynamics

We study the problem of formation control and trajectory tracking for multiple nonholonomic mobile robots with actuator and formation dynamics. An adaptive neural-network (NN) control strategy that integrated kinematic controller with input voltages controller of actuator was proposed. A control law was designed by backstepping technique based on separation-bearing formation control structure of leader-follower. The radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) was adopted to achieve on-line estimation for the dynamics nonlinear uncertain part for follower and leader robots. The adaptive robust controller was adopted to compensate modeling errors of NN. This strategy not only overcomed all kinds of uncertainties of mobile robots, but also ensured the desired trajectory tracking of robot formation in the case of maintaining formation. The stability and convergence of the control system were proved by using the Lyapunov theory. The simulation results showed the effectiveness of this proposed method. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i4. 2334 Full Text: PDF
A novel cell selection strategy with load balancing for both idle and RRC-connected users in 3GPP LTE network

In current LTE protocol, the cell selection mechanism based on only the Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) would easily bring high call dropping rate due to ignoring the cell load status. In our paper, for the RRC connected users and the idle users, a novel cell selection strategy is proposed through taking the cell load condition as one selection criterion and applying polling strategy until a proper cell is selected. Moreover, load balance method is designed to offload the excess traffic to those low-loaded cells, making the system resources to be utilized more abundantly. Qualitatively, our analysis based on an n-demensional Markov Chain modeling shows that the load balance process can reduce the call outage probability, which is verified by the simulation results. Our strategy can bring less new call blocks, less handoff call drops and more balanced resource utilization of different cells.
Towards adaptive autonomous robots in autism therapy: varieties of interactions

This paper reports results deriving from the Aurora project (www.aurora-project.com) where we have pioneered research into the possible use of robots in autism therapy. Autistic children have difficulties in social interaction, communication and fantasy and imagination. As part of the project we run trials where autistic children are playing with a small, non-humanoid mobile robot that can engage children in simple interaction games. In our project we focus on the behavioural, rather than the affective level of robots used in therapy. In this paper we first discuss in more detail varieties of interactions where one child, or two children simultaneously, play with a robot. We then outline a new research direction in the project which studies how a mobile robot can adapt to individual children. Quantitative examples of activity levels in child-robot interactions are included. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions for adaptive robots in autism therapy.
Distinct Functions for the Glycans of Tapasin and Heavy Chains in the Assembly of MHC Class I Molecules

Complexes of specific assembly factors and generic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones, collectively called the MHC class I peptide-loading complex (PLC), function in the folding and assembly of MHC class I molecules. The glycan-binding chaperone calreticulin (CRT) and partner oxidoreductase ERp57 are important in MHC class I assembly, but the sequence of assembly events and specific interactions involved remain incompletely understood. We show that the recruitments of CRT and ERp57 to the PLC are codependent and also dependent upon the ERp57 binding site and the glycan of the assembly factor tapasin. Furthermore, the ERp57 binding site and the glycan of tapasin enhance β2m and MHC class I heavy (H) chain recruitment to the PLC, with the ERp57 binding site having the dominant effect. In contrast, the conserved MHC class I H chain glycan played a minor role in CRT recruitment into the PLC, but impacted the recruitment of H chains into the PLC, and glycan-deficient H chains were impaired for tapasin-independent and tapasin-assisted assembly. The conserved MHC class I glycan and tapasin facilitated an early step in the assembly of H chain–β2m heterodimers, for which tapasin–ERp57 or tapasin–CRT complexes were not required. Together, these studies provide insights into how PLCs are constructed, demonstrate two distinct mechanisms by which PLCs can be stabilized, and suggest the presence of intermediate H chain-deficient PLCs.
Path diminution in disjoint multipath routing for mobile ad hoc networks

An ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes connected through multi-hop wireless links without the required intervention of any centralized access point or existing infrastructure. Design of disjoint multipath routing protocols in an ad hoc environment is a challenging task. We have considered disjoint multipath routing schemes with path diminution in an ad hoc environment. Also, we have discussed the trade-off between the number of multiple paths searched and route establishment overheads.
Study of Pharmacological Anti-inflammatory Activity of Psidiumguajava Linn. Leaves and Bark by Tannin Fractions

Objective: The Ethnobotanical studies and folklore claiming reviewed that the leaves and bark of the plant Psidium guajava Linn. are used for antiinflammatory activity. From the literatures we found that poly-phenolic compounds like tannin have significant free radical scavenging activity in bacterial associated diseases. Based on the above information of Psidium guajava is selected for this Research work. • To separate the tannin fraction from the Psidium guajava Linn. leaves and bark. • To study the anti-bacterial activity of tannin fraction of Psidium guajava separated from leaf and bark.
Compact Wideband Ridge Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Filters

In this paper, the propagation properties of the ridge half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (RHMSIW) are analyzed and RHMSIW coupling topologies to implement compact wideband filters are explored. The propagation constant and the cutoff frequency of the RHMSIW are discussed. Two types of ultra-wideband RHMSIW coupling topologies are proposed by employing the evanescent-mode HMSIW and RHMSIW structures. To improve the stopband performance while keeping a small size, another novel mixed-coupled RHMSIW topology is developed to introduce transmission zeros in filters by combining the evanescent-mode coupling with the slot coupling. Wideband RHMSIW filters are designed and fabricated with these coupling topologies. It is shown that compact size and good stopband performance can be achieved for the proposed wideband RHMSIW filters.
Older Women's Community Mobility: A Qualitative Exploration

ABSTRACT Many of the limitations experienced by community-dwelling older women are related to mobility within their communities. This qualitative study explored community mobility from the perspective of older, community-dwelling women in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Semi-structured interviews were completed with 23 older women (mean age 75.9 years) identified through an existing database. In addition to travels to conduct instrumental activities of daily living and participate in social and recreational activities, the women in the study described trips to fulfil social obligations (e.g., attending funerals, visiting sick friends) and emphasized the importance of these trips. The women's travels through the city were influenced by their perception of risk and the strategies they employed to minimize or avoid risk during the day, in the evening, and during bad weather. Autonomous community mobility provided the women with a sense of independence and control. The findings have potential implications for health care providers and community programmers who work to maintain older women in the community. RÉSUMÉ Plusieurs des limites auxquelles font face les femmes âgées qui vivent dans la communauté concernent leur mobilité. Cette étude qualitative traite de la mobilité des femmes âgées qui vivent dans la communauté à Winnipeg, au Manitoba, et repose sur leur propre point de vue sur la question. On a mené des entrevues semi-structurées auprès de 23 femmes âgées (moyenne d'âge de 75,9 ans) dont les noms faisaient partie d'une banque de données. En plus des déplacements pour les activités instrumentales de la vie quotidienne et pour participer aux activités récréatives et sociales, les femmes de l'étude décrivaient leurs déplacements pour leurs obligations sociales (par. ex.: assister à des funérailles, visiter des ami(e)s malades) et elles ont souligné l'importance de ces déplacements. Leur perception du risque et les stratégies qu'elles devaient employer pour les minimiser ou les contourner pendant le jour, en soirée et lors de conditions météorologiques difficiles influaient sur les déplacements des femmes dans la ville. Les déplacements autonomes dans la communauté procurent aux femmes une forme d'indépendance et de maîtrise. Les conclusions entraînent des répercussions pour les fournisseurs de soins de santé et les organisateurs communautaires qui travaillent à garder les femmes âgées dans la communauté.
An novel algorithm of progressive texture feature extraction in the wavelet domain from the compressed bit-streams of images

The massive data of images are usually stored and transmitted in compression format, which makes the processing of the images in compressed domain significant. Unfortunately, the high computational cost makes the current feature extraction methods of the compressed domain inefficient. This paper proposes a novel texture feature extraction algorithm named WETFC (Wavelet Energy Texture Feature Based on Compressed Bit-stream) from the compressed bit-streams of remote sensing images. Firstly, the compressed bit codes are classified into three types, namely Numeric Code (NC), Sign Code (SC) and Identification Code (IC). Secondly, the wavelet sub-bands of the bit codes are identified. Thirdly, the energy value that every NC code contributes to is calculated. We do not need to decode the compressed bit-streams and the progressive characteristic of the compressed bit-streams is kept as well. The experimental results demonstrate that the WETFC algorithm is more efficient and performable than the general method.