Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A rare complication related to H1N1 infection: Dilated cardiomyopathy

The symptoms and findings of influenza A (H1N1) resemble the symptoms and findings of seasonal influenza and it generally emerges as an upper respiratory tract disease. Although the majority of patients with the influenza A virus recover spontaneously without complications, there have been occasional reports of myopericarditis. However the most frequent complications have been reported as viral pneumonia and more rarely dilated cardiomyopathy. In this paper, we report a 4-month-old infant, who admitted with shortness of breath, cough, tachycardia and respiratory problems and was diagnosed as having developed dilated cardiomyopathy associated with H1N1.
Reliability of thoracic spine rotation range-of-motion measurements in healthy adults.

CONTEXT The reliability of clinical techniques to quantify thoracic spine rotation range of motion (ROM) has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE To determine the intratester and intertester reliability of 5 thoracic rotation measurement techniques. DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Forty-six healthy volunteers (age = 23.6 ± 4.3 years, height = 171.0 ± 9.6 cm, mass = 71.4 ± 16.7 kg). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We tested 5 thoracic rotation ROM techniques over 2 days: seated rotation (bar in back and front), half-kneeling rotation (bar in back and front), and lumbar-locked rotation. On day 1, 2 examiners obtained 2 sets of measurements (sessions 1, 2) to determine the within-session intertester reliability and within-day intratester reliability. A single examiner obtained measurements on day 2 (session 3) to determine the intratester reliability between days. Each technique was performed 3 times per side, and averages were used for data analysis. Reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients, standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC). Differences between raters during session 1 were determined using paired t tests. RESULTS Within-session intertester reliability estimates ranged from 0.85 to 0.94. Ranges for the SEM were 1.0° to 2.3° and for the MDC were 2.8° to 6.3°. No differences were seen between examiners during session 1 for seated rotation (bar in front, both sides), half-kneeling rotation (bar in front, left side), or the lumbar locked position (both sides) (all values of P > .05). Within-day intratester reliability estimates ranged from 0.86 to 0.95. Ranges for the SEM were 0.8° to 2.1° and for the MDC were 2.1 ° to 5.9°. Between-days intratester reliability estimates ranged from 0.84 to 0.91. Ranges for the SEM were 1.4° to 2.0° and for the MDC were 3.9° to 5.6°. CONCLUSIONS All techniques had good reliability and low levels of measurement error. The seated rotation, bar in front, and lumbar-locked rotation tests may be used reliably when more than 1 examiner is obtaining measurements.
Recent Trends in Earnings Volatility: Evidence from Survey and Administrative Data

Abstract Recent papers find that earnings volatility is again on the rise (Dynan et al. 2008, and Shin and Solon 2011). Using household survey data—the matched Current Population Surveys and Survey of Income and Program Participation—and the newly available Longitudinal Employment and Household Dynamics administrative dataset, we find that earnings volatility was remarkably stable in the 1990s and through the mid 2000s. This evidence is in contrast to that from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) which registers a sharp increase in the early 2000s. We investigate whether adjusting measures based on our sources to more closely match the characteristics of the PSID can reconcile this divergence in trends, but do not find a clear explanation for the divergence. We also find little evidence of a rise over this period in the components of volatility: volatility among job leavers, volatility among job stayers, and the fraction of workers who are job leavers.
Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colometric methods

Flavonoids, with various biological activities, are considered as key compounds in propolis. In this study, quantitative deter minations of flavonoids in propolis were conducted by two complementary colorimetric methods, aluminum chloride method and 2,4-dini trophenylhydrazine method. Results suggested that the sum of flavonoid contents determined by the above two individual methods ma y represent the real content of total flavonoids. In this work, six raw propolis samples were investigated and the total content s of flavonoids ranged from 10.38 ± 0.14% to 24.91 ± 0.53%. As for the 12 commercial propolis products examined, the levels of total flavonoids in tinctures were all below 7% and those in powdery products varied from 2.97 ± 0.05% to 22.73 ± 0.72%.
Reduction of Injection Voltage in Signal Injection Sensorless Drives Using a Capacitor-Integrated Inverter

In signal injection sensorless drives, the injection voltage cannot be reduced under a certain value. The lower limit of the injection voltage is mainly enforced by the inverter nonlinearity that causes distortion of the injection voltage and degradation of the position estimation performance. After analyzing the inverter nonlinearity during the voltage injection, it is revealed that parasitic capacitances of insulated-gate bipolar transistors have positive effects on inverter output linearity and sensorless control. Based on this analysis, this paper proposes a method to reduce the injection voltage by connecting additional capacitors to the output terminals of the inverter. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed idea. In the experiments, using the capacitor-integrated inverter, it is shown that the injection voltage can be reduced by more than half without degrading the position estimation performance.
Application of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) for Automated Detection of epilepsy using EEG signals

Epilepsy is a global disease with considerable incidence due to recurrent unprovoked seizures. These seizures can be noninvasively diagnosed using electroencephalogram (EEG), a measure of neuronal electrical activity in brain recorded along scalp. EEG is highly nonlinear, nonstationary and non-Gaussian in nature. Nonlinear adaptive models such as empirical mode decomposition (EMD) provide intuitive understanding of information present in these signals. In this study a novel methodology is proposed to automatically classify EEG of normal, inter-ictal and ictal subjects using EMD decomposition. EEG decomposition using EMD yields few intrinsic mode functions (IMF), which are amplitude and frequency modulated (AM and FM) waves. Hilbert transform of these IMF provides AM and FM frequencies. Features such as spectral peaks, spectral entropy and spectral energy in each IMF are extracted and fed to decision tree classifier for automated diagnosis. In this work, we have compared the performance of classification using two types of decision trees (i) classification and regression tree (CART) and (ii) C4.5. We have obtained the highest average accuracy of 95.33%, average sensitivity of 98%, and average specificity of 97% using C4.5 decision tree classifier. The developed methodology is ready for clinical validation on large databases and can be deployed for mass screening.
Robust Transmit Power Control for Cognitive Radio

A cognitive radio network is a multiuser system, in which different users compete for limited resources in an opportunistic manner, interacting with each other for access to the available resources. The fact that both users and spectrum holes (i.e., unused spectrum subbands) can come and go makes a cognitive radio network a highly dynamic and challenging wireless environment. Therefore, finding robust resource-allocation algorithms, which are capable of achieving reasonably good solutions fast enough in order to guarantee an acceptable level of performance under worst case interference conditions, is crucial in such environment. The focus of this paper is the transmit-power control in cognitive radio networks, considering a noncooperative framework. Moreover, tools from control theory are used to study both the equilibrium and transient behaviors of the network under dynamically varying conditions.
Performance evaluation of Islamic mutual funds relative to conventional funds

Purpose – This paper seeks to review and extend previous research on the performance of Islamic mutual funds (IMFs) by evaluating the relative performance of IMFs and conventional funds during the global economic crisis in the context of the Saudi Arabian capital market.Design/methodology/approach – This paper compares the market timing and stock selection abilities of 159 mutual funds listed on the Saudi Arabian stock market from 2007 to 2011 by using the CAPM regression and Treynor and Mazuy models. The paper addresses the benchmark problem from which most prior IMFs studies suffered by using appropriate regional benchmarks. As a robustness check, coefficients of IMFs and conventional funds are compared by using the differences in mean and standard deviation analysis obtained from the standard CAPM model on individual funds.Findings – The empirical results show evidence of better performance of IMFs relative to conventional funds during periods of economic crisis. In addition, although there is no evide.
Measuring advertising intensity and intangible capital in the Greek food industry

The objective of the present paper is to examine market conduct and its determinants in the Greek food industry and to measure how and to what degree the industry and the firm's structural characteristics affect advertising intensity. An advertising intensity model giving emphasis to intangible capital is formulated. Data from ICAP have been used on a four-digit classification for the food industry during the 1990–1997 period. The empirical results indicate that intangible capital positively affects the advertising intensity of the firm and plays an important role in strategies that affect total cost, demand and structure of the market.
Characteristics of TCR/CD3 complex CD3ɛ chains of regulatory CD4+ T (Treg) lymphocytes: role in Treg differentiation in vitro and impact on Treg in vivo

Tregs are anergic CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T lymphocytes exerting active suppression to control immune and autoimmune responses. However, the factors in TCR recognition underlying Treg differentiation are unclear. Based on our previous data, we hypothesized that Treg TCR/CD3 antigen receptor complexes might differ from those of CD4+CD25− Tconv. Expression levels of TCR/CD3, CD3ɛ,ζ chains, or other molecules involved in antigen signaling and the characteristics of CD3ɛ chains were analyzed in thymus or spleen Treg cells from normal mice. Tregs had quantitative and qualitatively distinct TCR/CD3 complexes and CD3ɛ chains. They expressed significantly lower levels of the TCR/CD3 antigen receptor, CD3ɛ chains, TCR‐ζ chain, or the CD4 coreceptor than Tconv. Levels of kinases, adaptor molecules involved in TCR signaling, and early downstream activation pathways were also lower in Tregs than in Tconv. Furthermore, TCR/CD3 complexes in Tregs were enriched in CD3ɛ chains conserving their N‐terminal, negatively charged amino acid residues; this trait is linked to a higher activation threshold. Transfection of mutant CD3ɛ chains lacking these residues inhibited the differentiation of mature CD4+Foxp3− T lymphocytes into CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs, and differences in CD3ɛ chain recognition by antibodies could be used to enrich for Tregs in vivo. Our results show quantitative and qualitative differences in the TCR/CD3 complex, supporting the hyporesponsive phenotype of Tregs concerning TCR/CD3 signals. These differences might reconcile avidity and flexible threshold models of Treg differentiation and be used to implement therapeutic approaches involving Treg manipulation.
Sodium Stibogluconate: Therapeutic use in the Management of Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The disease is endemic in developing countries of tropical regions, and in recent years economic globalization and increased travel has also spread to people in developed countries. In the absence of effective vaccines and vector-control measures, the main line of defense against the disease is chemotherapy. Organic pentavalent antimonials, including sodium stibogluconate have been the first-line drug for the treatment of leishmaniasis for the last several decades, and clinical resistance to these drugs has emerged as a primary obstacle to successful treatment and control. The present review describes the structure, activity, mode of action of sodium stibogluconate and mechanism of resistance towards this drug in leishmaniasis.
Value Gains on Flotation and IPO Underpricing

Utilising a unique dataset of 502 UK IPOs we undertake an empirical analysis of the relationship between underpricing and value gains on flotation. We find support for our hypothesis that IPO underpricing is related to the extent of anticipated value gains on the private to public transition. We analyse alternative driving mechanisms behind this relationship, and our results suggest that the underpricing of IPOs is driven by both underwriters and issuing company directors, each of whom derive net benefits over the longer term from underpricing at the IPO. Copyright 2006 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Who bears the burden of wage cuts? Evidence from Finland during the 1990s

This paper focuses on the share and incidence of nominal and real wages cuts in the Finnish private sector. It complements other analyses of downward wage rigidities especially by looking for individual and employer characteristics that might explain the likelihood of observing an individual’s wage cut. The examinations are based on Probit models that include individual characteristics, employer characteristics, and the form of remuneration as explanatory variables. We find relatively few individual or employer characteristics that have a strong and common influence on the likelihood of wage decline across the different segments of labour markets. However, the full-time workers have had a lower likelihood of nominal and real wage declines during the 1990s compared with part-time workers. Declines in wages have also been more common in small plants/firms. In addition, nominal wage declines have been more transitory by their nature within the segments of the Finnish labour markets in which they are more common. Overall, the frequency of nominal wage declines has been fairly low for manufacturing non-manuals and service sector workers but somewhat higher for manual workers in manufacturing. However, nominal wage moderation together with a positive inflation rate produced real wage cuts for a large proportion of employees during the worst recession years of the early 1990s.
Changing the care environment for children and families

It has long been argued that the physical surroundings in which people live affect how they feel and behave (Canter and Lee, 1974). This is also evident in relation to wellbeing and the caring and working environments of the health care system (Ulrich,1984; Scher, 1996, Lawson and Wells-Thorpe, 2002; Lawson and Phiri 2003). The tensions between the need for privacy and proximity to those providing fast and responsive clinical care, for rest as well as distraction and for security and accessibility present a continuing set of challenges to those designing in acute health care settings.
The Economics of Copyright Law: A Stocktake of the Literature

This article is a survey of publications by economists writing on copyright law. It begins with a general overview of how economists analyse these questions; the distinction is made between the economics of copying and the economic aspects of copyright law as analysed in law and economics. It then continues with sections on research on the effects of copying and downloading and the effects of unauthorised use ('piracy') and ends with an overall evaluation of the economics of copyright in the light of recent technological changes. Economists have always been, and still are, somewhat sceptical about copyright and question what alternatives there are to it. On balance, most accept the role of copyright law in the creative industries while urging caution about its becoming too strong. And although European authors' rights are different in legal terms from the Anglo-American copyright, the economic analysis of these laws is essentially the same.
Application of complement component 4d immunohistochemistry to ABO‐compatible and ABO‐incompatible liver transplantation

Antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) is difficult to diagnose after ABO‐compatible or ABO‐identical (ABO‐C) liver transplantation. To determine whether complement component 4d (C4d) immunostaining would be useful for diagnosing AMR, we compared the results of C4d immunohistochemistry for allograft biopsy samples with assays for anti‐donor antibodies performed at the time of biopsy. One hundred fourteen patients with ABO‐C grafts and 29 patients with ABO‐incompatible (ABO‐I) grafts were included. Linear C4d endothelial staining (identifiable with a 4× objective lens) or staining seen in 50% or more of the portal tracts was considered positive. Five of the 114 patients (4%) with ABO‐C grafts and 15 of the 29 patients (52%) with ABO‐I grafts showed C4d positivity. In the ABO‐C cases, C4d positivity in late biopsy samples (≥30 days after transplantation) was associated with stage 2 or higher fibrosis (METAVIR score; P = 0.01) and with the presence of donor‐specific anti–human leukocyte antigen DR antibodies (HLA‐DR DSAs) with a mean fluorescence intensity > 5000 according to the Luminex single‐antigen bead assay (P = 0.04). Conversely, the presence of HLA‐DR DSAs was associated with the presence of stage 2 or higher fibrosis, acute cellular rejection, and C4d positivity. During the 2‐year follow‐up, neither C4d positivity nor HLA‐DR DSAs were related to graft loss. Among ABO‐I patients, C4d positivity was not associated with allograft dysfunction or fibrosis. Only 3 of the 15 C4d‐positive patients (20%) showed periportal hemorrhagic edema, which could be a histological sign of AMR in ABO‐I grafts, and they were the only cases associated with elevations in anti‐donor A/B antibody titers. In conclusion, C4d endothelial positivity among ABO‐C patients is an uncommon event that could be associated with chronic graft damage with or without clinical AMR. C4d positivity is common among ABO‐I patients and may not be associated with allograft dysfunction if alloantibody titers are not elevated. Liver Transpl 20:200‐209, 2014. © 2013 AASLD.
A Framework for Information and Communication Technology Induced Transformation of the Healthcare Business Model in Slovenia

Decision-makers from the Slovenian healthcare system have generally failed to look beyond the information and communication technology, while trying to implement highly intricate and expensive eHealth project. Accordingly, functional integration of planned information and communication technology solutions with various business aspects of the healthcare system has remained largely ignored, while the existing and obsolete business model of the Slovenian healthcare system continues to operate significantly limited and unadapted to the increasing and ubiquitous penetration of information and communication technologies into the healthcare environment. This article explores the characteristics and structure of the business model concept, identifies the impending effects of informatization on the healthcare business model, and finally provides a framework for information and communication technology-induced transformation of the existing healthcare business model in Slovenia. The research is based on the case study evidence and structured interviews with the distinguished experts from the cross-sectional areas of the healthcare system strongly related to the business model concept. Research results imply that effective transformation of the healthcare business model should consider various factors from the healthcare ecosystem, including a redefinition of the functions and relationships of and between the main actors of the business model, and the reconfiguration of the organizational, structural, and technological elements in line with the long-term business objectives.
End-to-End Non-Factoid Question Answering with an Interactive Visualization of Neural Attention Weights

Advanced attention mechanisms are an important part of successful neural network approaches for non-factoid answer selection because they allow the models to focus on few important segments within rather long answer texts. Analyzing attention mechanisms is thus crucial for understanding strengths and weaknesses of particular models. We present an extensible, highly modular service architecture that enables the transformation of neural network models for non-factoid answer selection into fully featured end-to-end question answering systems. The primary objective of our system is to enable researchers a way to interactively explore and compare attention-based neural networks for answer selection. Our interactive user interface helps researchers to better understand the capabilities of the different approaches and can aid qualitative analyses.
Do security analysts improve their performance with experience

In this paper, we examine whether sell-side security analysts generate more accurate quarterly earnings forecasts and more profitable stock recommendations as their experience with a specific firm increases. We also examine whether the market relies more on forecasts made by analysts who have more firm-specific experience. Consistent with the "Learning By Doing" model, we find that the accuracy of quarterly earnings forecasts improves with the number of prior quarters the analyst has followed the firm, controlling for both the functional form of the learning phenomenon and other factors previously shown to affect analyst forecasting performance. Moreover, we find that the market incorporates the analyst's experience level in forming expected earnings; the weight placed on the analyst forecast increases with the experience level of the analyst. Our results suggest knowledge of an analyst's experience can be used to improve the accuracy of consensus earnings forecasts.
Determinants of the wage rates in Greece with an emphasis on the wages of tertiary education graduates

The paper examines the determinants of hourly wages in the Greek labour market, with emphasis on education- and experience-related variables, using the information of the 2004-2007 Labour Force Surveys. The results are in line with the predictions of human capital theory and show that, ceteris paribus, education is associated with higher earnings. However, substantial differences are observed within groups of workers with relatively similar educational qualifications and, in particular, within the group of tertiary education graduates. Despite the fact that some of these differences can be attributed to differences in the numbers of years of study required for particular degrees, they translate into widely different private internal rates of return for specific groups of graduates. Nevertheless, these rates cannot be used for the design of public policies, since social rather that private rates of returns should guide such policies.