Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parallel Efficiency for Graph Search

Cloud computing is offering utility oriented IT services to users worldwide. It enables hosting of applications from consumer, scientific and business domains. However data centers hosting cloud computing applications consume huge amounts of energy, contributing to high operational costs and carbon footprints to the environment. With the increasingly ubiquitous nature of Social Networks and Social Cloud users are starting to explore new ways to interact with and exploit these developing paradigms. Social Networks are used to reflect real world relationships that allow users to share information and form connections between one another. Cloud services allow individuals and businesses to use software and hardware that are managed by third parties at remote locations. Examples of Cloud services include online file storage, social networking sites, webmail, and online business applications. The Social Graph in the Internet context is a graph that depicts personal relations of internet users. The social graph has been referred to as "the global mapping of everybody and how they're related". As we know that social graph have large amount of data. Accessing useful information from large amount of data is very difficult. So to avoid this problem Map Reduce processing paradigm has used. Map Reduce is a programming model for processing large data sets with a parallel, distributed algorithm on a cluster using parallel computing. Parallel computing is a process that simultaneously uses various computing resources to solve problems which has the advantages of speeding up program execution and saving cost. In this paper we are trying to simulate the concept of Map Reduce and to get good parallel efficiency ratio.
The influence of cognitive resources on compensatory arm responses

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of an ongoing cognitive task on an individual’s ability to generate a compensatory arm response. Twenty young and 16 older adults recovered their balance from a support surface translation while completing a cognitive (counting) task of varying difficulty. Surface electromyographic (EMG) recordings from the shoulders and kinematics of the right arm were collected to quantify the compensatory arm response. Results indicated that the counting task, regardless of its difficulty as well as the age of the individual, had minimal influence on the onset or magnitude of arm muscle activity that occurred following a loss of balance. In contrast to previous research, this study’s findings suggest that the cortical or cognitive resources utilized by the cognitive task are not relied upon for the generation of compensatory arm responses and that older adults are not disproportionately affected by dual-tasking than young adults.
Environmental Enrichment Protects the Retina from Early Diabetic Damage in Adult Rats

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of reduced visual acuity and acquired blindness. Available treatments are not completely effective. We analyzed the effect of environmental enrichment on retinal damage induced by experimental diabetes in adult Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Three days after vehicle or streptozotocin injection, animals were housed in enriched environment or remained in a standard environment. Retinal function (electroretinogram, and oscillatory potentials), retinal morphology, blood-retinal barrier integrity, synaptophysin, astrocyte and Müller cell glial fibrillary acidic protein, vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, as well as lipid peroxidation were assessed in retina from diabetic animals housed in standard or enriched environment. Environmental enrichment preserved scotopic electroretinogram a-wave, b-wave and oscillatory potential amplitude, avoided albumin-Evan's blue leakage, prevented the decrease in retinal synaptophysin and astrocyte glial fibrillary acidic protein levels, the increase in Müller cell glial fibrillary acidic protein, vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, as well as oxidative stress induced by diabetes. In addition, enriched environment prevented the decrease in retinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels induced by experimental diabetes. When environmental enrichment started 7 weeks after diabetes onset, retinal function was significantly preserved. These results indicate that enriched environment could attenuate the early diabetic damage in the retina from adult rats.
Music recommendation system based on the continuous combination of contextual information

With the progress of technology in music players, especially in intelligent cell phones, users have access to large archives. Quick and easy selecting favorite music among these large archives becomes one of the biggest problems for users. For example, selecting music in a silent forest is different from a crowded street or feelings for listening to music in a morning of a working day is different from an afternoon of a holiday. In this paper, a system has been designed that it collects users' context information such as weather, temperature, geographical position, etc., and according to a weighted combination of them, it recommends an appropriate music that is a user's favorite at the moment. Thus, this system includes a rating method that determines how close are music's context, which have been played before, in the moment's context and recommend the music that has the most closeness. The result of this research shows that recommendations that this system makes in different conditions, is closed to the user's choice.
The Stationary Phase Approximation, Time-Frequency Decomposition and Auditory Processing

The principle of stationary phase (PSP) is re-examined in the context of linear time-frequency (TF) decomposition using Gaussian, gammatone and gamma chirp filters at uniform, logarithmic and cochlear spacings in frequency. This necessitates consideration of the use the PSP on non-asymptotic integrals and leads to the introduction of a test for phase rate dominance. Regions of the TF plane that pass the test and do not contain stationary phase points contribute little or nothing to the final output. Analysis values that lie in these regions can thus be set to zero, i.e., sparsity. In regions of the TF plane that fail the test or are in the vicinity of stationary phase points, synthesis is performed in the usual way. A new interpretation of the location parameters associated with the synthesis filters leads to: i) a new method for locating stationary phase points in the TF plane and ii) a test for phase rate dominance in that plane. Together this is a TF stationary phase approximation (TFSPA) for both analysis and synthesis. The stationary phase regions of several elementary signals are identified theoretically and examples of reconstruction given. An analysis of the TF phase rate characteristics for the case of two simultaneous tones predicts and quantifies a form of simultaneous masking similar to that which characterizes the auditory system.
Low Overhead Instruction-Cache Modeling Using Instruction Reuse Profiles

Performance loss caused by L1 instruction cache misses varies between different architectures and cache sizes. For processors employing power-efficient in-order execution with small caches, performance can be significantly affected by instruction cache misses. The growing use of low-power multi-threaded CPUs (with shared L1 caches) in general purpose computing platforms requires new efficient techniques for analyzing application instruction cache usage. Such insight can be achieved using traditional simulation technologies modeling several cache sizes, but the overhead of simulators may be prohibitive for practical optimization usage. In this paper we present a statistical method to quickly model application instruction cache performance. Most importantly we propose a very low-overhead sampling mechanism to collect runtime data from the application's instruction stream. This data is fed to the statistical model which accurately estimates the instruction cache miss ratio for the sampled execution. Our sampling method is about 10x faster than previously suggested sampling approaches, with average runtime overhead as low as 25% over native execution. The architecturally-independent data collected is used to accurately model miss ratio for several cache sizes simultaneously, with average absolute error of 0.2%. Finally, we show how our tool can be used to identify program phases with large instruction cache footprint. Such phases can then be targeted to optimize for reduced code footprint.
Using pen input features as indices of cognitive load

Multimodal interfaces are known to be useful in map-based applications, and in complex, time-pressure based tasks. Cognitive load variations in such tasks have been found to impact multimodal behaviour. For example, users become more multimodal and tend towards semantic complementarity as cognitive load increases. The richness of multimodal data means that systems could monitor particular input features to detect experienced load variations. In this paper, we present our attempt to induce controlled levels of load and solicit natural speech and pen-gesture inputs. In particular, we analyse for these features in the pen gesture modality. Our experimental design relies on a map-based Wizard of Oz, using a tablet PC. This paper details analysis of pen-gesture interaction across subjects, and presents suggestive trends of increases in the degree of degeneration of pen-gestures in some subjects, and possible trends in gesture kinematics, when cognitive load increases.
Introduction The accumulation of endogenous zinc ( Zn ) in neurons following ischemic stroke

Y.V. Li and J.H. Zhang (eds.), Metal Ion in Stroke, Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9663-3_7, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012 Abstract Although zinc (Zn or Zn 2+ ) signals are necessary for cell communication and survival, abnormal cellular zinc load can be a precursor for cell death and subsequent brain degeneration following a stroke. Zinc mediates cell death by causing mitochondrial dysfunction, by reinforcing apoptotic signaling cascades, and by inhibiting neuronal metabolism. The mechanisms leading to the sustained zinc dysregulation in excitotoxic conditions are only in part elucidated. This chapter examines the cytotoxicity and sources of zinc overload, and its interaction with neurotransmitter receptors/ion channels. Recent studies show that zinc can be released through the mobilization of zinc from intracellular stores such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Changes in the expression of zinc transporters may also be responsible for zinc dyshomeostasis. The question of possible interplays between zinc and calcium overloads in ischemic-hypoxia and oxidative stress are also discussed. Although zinc-induced damage seem to follow the similar trajectory of cell death that has been recognized for calcium overload, neurons appear to be more sensitive to zinc-mediated toxic effect. Therefore, an effective therapeutic strategy for stroke may be a combined treatment that also targets the multiple events involved in zinc dyshomeostasis.
Abnormal event detection via adaptive cascade dictionary learning

Detecting abnormal events plays an essential role in video content analysis and has received increasing attention in surveillance system. One of the major problems in abnormal event detection is the imbalanced classification issue due to the rare abnormal samples. Another problem is the difficulty of detecting anomalies within a reasonable amount of computation time. To address these problems, we propose an adaptive cascade dictionary learning framework for detecting the anomalies. The framework considers anomaly detection as an one-class classification problem with a cascade of dictionaries. Each stage of the cascade constructs an adaptive dictionary to detect the anomalies with costless least square optimization solution. The experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method has a better performance while comparing with several state-of-the-art methods.
Reduced complexity maximum a posteriori decoding of variable-length codes

Previously, joint source channel techniques mostly focused on systems using fixed-length coding, even though variable-length coding (VLC) is widely used, particularly in video coding. Typically, VLC bit streams are made channel-robust through packetization and standard forward-error correction (FEC). However, when the channel conditions are fairly mild, FEC can reveal itself bandwidth-inefficient. A variable-rate extension of joint source channel decoding could thus potentially replace FEC under mild conditions or, for noisier channels, could be used together with FEC to ameliorate the coding rate, extending in both cases the range of situations under which the bit stream is adequately protected. We propose two reduced-complexity VLC soft-input decoding techniques, as well as a comparison with existing algorithms. Experimental results of a new proposed VLC decoding algorithm show very good performance and low complexity.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Guided Abstractive Text Summarization

Abstractive summarization is the process of creating a condensed version of the given text document by collating only the important information in it. It also involves structuring the information into sentences that are simple and easy to understand. This paper presents the process that generates an abstractive summary by focusing on a unified model with attribute based Information Extraction (IE) rules and class based templates. Term Frequency/Inverse Document Frequency (TF/IDF) rules are used for classification of the document into several categories. Lexical analysis reduces prolixity, resulting in robust IE rules. Usage of templates for sentence generation makes the summaries information intensive. The IE rules are designed to accommodate the complexities of some Indian languages. This paper analyzes the adaptation of the system methodology over multiple Indian languages and several document categories. It also draws comparison between abstracts generated and summaries obtained by extractive methods.
Combating Wireless LAN MAC-layer Address Spoofing with Fingerprinting Methods

Unwanted use of wireless networks has become a well-known problem in recent years. One attempt to solve this problem is the use of access control lists, which are associated with accredited MAC addresses. But since MAC addresses can be spoofed very easily, improved mechanisms are needed to attest the uniqueness of a dedicated wireless station. Today, all known approaches are based on the idea to generate NIC-specific profiles derived from invariant NIC-characteristics. In doing so, unique features are either extracted from RF-components or from the timing behavior of the MAC-chip. To give a review and to classify all proposed approaches, we start with a short introduction to all underlying ideas and will conclude with a comparison of these mechanisms.
Segmentation of Bangla unconstrained handwritten text

To take care of variability involved in the writing style ofdifferent individuals in this paper we propose a robustscheme to segment unconstrained handwritten Banglatexts into lines, words and characters. For linesegmentation, at first, we divide the text into verticalstripes. Stripe width of a document is computed bystatistical analysis of the text height in the document.Next we determine horizontal histogram of these stripesand the relationship of the minimal values of thehistograms is used to segment text lines. Based onvertical projection profile lines are segmented intowords. Segmentation of characters from handwrittenword is very tricky as the characters are seldomvertically separable. We use a concept based on waterreservoir principle for the purpose. Here we, at first,identify isolated and connected (touching) characters ina word. Next touching characters of the word aresegmented based on the reservoir base area points andstructural feature of the component.
Is vessel hull fouling an invasion threat to the Great Lakes?

Aim Hull fouling is a leading vector for the introduction of marine, non‐indigenous species (NIS) worldwide, yet its importance to freshwater habitats is poorly understood. We aimed to establish the complement of NIS transported via this vector to the Great Lakes and to determine if they pose an invasion risk.
Chronic Subordinate Colony Housing Paradigm: A Mouse Model to Characterize the Consequences of Insufficient Glucocorticoid Signaling

Chronic, in particular chronic psychosocial, stress is a burden of modern societies and known to be a risk factor for numerous somatic and affective disorders (in detail referenced below). However, based on the limited existence of appropriate, and clinically relevant, animal models for studying the effects of chronic stress, the detailed behavioral, physiological, neuronal, and immunological mechanisms linking stress and such disorders are insufficiently understood. To date, most chronic stress studies in animals employ intermittent exposure to the same (homotypic) or to different (heterotypic) stressors of varying duration and intensity. Such models are only of limited value, since they do not adequately reflect the chronic and continuous situation that humans typically experience. Furthermore, application of different physical or psychological stimuli renders comparisons to the mainly psychosocial stressors faced by humans, as well as between the different stress studies almost impossible. In contrast, rodent models of chronic psychosocial stress represent situations more akin to those faced by humans and consequently seem to hold more clinical relevance. Our laboratory has developed a model in which mice are exposed to social stress for 19 continuous days, namely the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) paradigm, to help bridge this gap. The main aim of the current review article is to provide a detailed summary of the behavioral, physiological, neuronal, and immunological consequences of the CSC paradigm, and wherever possible relate the findings to other stress models and to the human situation.
Kalman filter in computer vision

In statistics, the Kalman filter is a mathematical method named after Rudolf E. Kalman. Its purpose is to use measurements that are observed over time that contain noise (random variations) and other inaccuracies, and produce values that tend to be closer to the true values of the measurements and their associated calculated values. The Kalman filter has many applications in technology, and is an essential part of the development of space and military technology. Perhaps the most commonly used type of very simple Kalman filter is the phase-locked loop, which is now ubiquitous in FM radios and most electronic communications equipment. Extensions and generalizations to the method have also been developed.
Observing the contribution of both underlying and surface representations: Evidence from priming and event-related potentials

This dissertation aims to uncover the role of the acoustic input (the surface representation) and the abstract linguistic representation (the underlying representation) as listeners map the signal during spoken word recognition. To examine these issues, tone sandhi, a tonal alternation phenomenon in which a tone changes to a different tone in certain phonological environments, is investigated. This dissertation first examined how productive Mandarin tone 3 sandhi words (T3T2/___T3) are processed and represented. An auditory priming lexical decision experiment was conducted in which each disyllabic tone 3 sandhi target was preceded by a tone 2 monosyllable (surface-tone overlap), a tone 3 monosyllable (underlying-tone overlap), or an unrelated monosyllable (unrelated control). Lexical decision RTs showed a tone 3 (underlyingtone overlap) facilitation effect for both high and low frequency words. A second priming study investigated the processing and representation of the more complex and less productive Taiwanese tone sandhi. Lexical decision RTs, examining sandhi 24  33 and 51  55, showed that while both sandhi types exhibited facilitatory priming effects, underlying tone primes showed significantly more facilitation than surface primes for sandhi 24  33, while surface tone primes showed significantly more facilitation than underlying primes for sandhi 51  55, with both effects modulated by frequency. A third study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine Mandarin tone 3 sandhi. Using an oddball paradigm, participants passively listened to either Tone 2 standards ([tʂu2 je4] /tʂu2 je4/), Tone 3 standards ([tʂu3 je4] /tʂu3 je4/), Tone Sandhi standards ([tʂu2 jen3] /tʂu3 jen3/), or Mix standards (i.e., both tone 3 sandhi and tone 3 words), occasionally interspersed with a tone 2 word [tʂu2] (i.e., the deviant). Results showed a mismatch negativity (MMN) in the
A compact electromagnetic bandgap structure based on multi-layer technology for 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging applications

A compact electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure based on multi-layer technology for 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications is presented. The proposed structure introduces an additional floating metallic layer between the top surface and the ground plane of the conventional single-layer uni-planar EBG structures, which provides more capacitive coupling between the adjacent unit cells. Thus, for the desired operating frequency (300 MHz), a miniaturized dimension of the unit cell, about 2.6% of the free-space wavelength, is achieved. The proposed structure is characterized by the reflection phase and the stop-band properties. The full-wave simulations and experimental results show a good agreement.
Regulation of Inflammation by IL-17A and IL-17F Modulates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pathogenesis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. While it is well-accepted that inflammation is central to NAFLD pathogenesis, the immune pathway(s) orchestrating disease progression are poorly defined. Notably, IL-17RA signaling, via IL-17A, plays an important role in obesity-driven NAFLD pathogenesis. However, the role of the IL-17F, another IL-17RA ligand, in NAFLD pathogenesis has not been examined. Further, the cell types expressing IL-17RA and producing IL-17RA ligands in the pathogenesis of NAFLD have not been defined. Here, IL-17RA-/-, IL-17A-/-, IL-17F-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were fed either standard chow diet or methionine and choline deficient diet (MCDD)—a diet known to induce steatosis and hepatic inflammation through beta-oxidation dysfunction—and hepatic inflammation and NAFLD progression were subsequently quantified. MCDD feeding augmented hepatic IL-17RA expression and significantly increased hepatic infiltration of macrophages and IL-17A and IL-17F producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in WT mice. In contrast, IL-17RA-/-, IL-17A-/-, and IL-17F-/- mice, despite increased steatosis, exhibited significant protection from hepatocellular damage compared to WT controls. Protection from hepatocellular damage correlated with decreased levels of hepatic T-cell and macrophage infiltration and decreased expression of inflammatory mediators associated with NAFLD. In sum, our results indicate that the IL-17 axis also plays a role in a MCDD-induced model of NAFLD pathogenesis. Further, we show for the first time that IL-17F, and not only IL-17A, plays an important role in NAFLD driven inflammation.