Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
$H_{\infty}$ Channel Estimator Design for DS-CDMA Systems: A Polynomial Approach in Krein Space

This paper considers the problem of robust channel estimation for direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems with time-varying multipath fading channels. Due to the lack of accurate knowledge of model dynamics and statistics of system noises, a polynomial channel estimator is developed by virtue of the Krein space theory. The estimator is calculated by performing a J-spectral factorization. In this paper, under some conditions, we obtain a closed-form solution to this J-spectral factorization, which greatly reduces the computational load of the estimator design. The simulation results show that the proposed estimator provides a robust estimation performance against various types of noises and modeling errors.
SELF: The power of simplicity

SELF is an object-oriented language for exploratory programming based on a small number of simple and concrete ideas: prototypes, slots, and behavior. Prototypes combine inheritance and instantiation to provide a framework that is simpler and more flexible than most object-oriented languages. Slots unite variables and procedures into a single construct. This permits the inheritance hierarchy to take over the function of lexical scoping in conventional languages. Finally, because SELF does not distinguish state from behavior, it narrows the gaps between ordinary objects, procedures, and closures. SELF's simplicity and expressiveness offer new insights into object-oriented computation.To thine own self be true. — William Shakespeare laggy
Distinctions Among Agency, Communion, and Unmitigated Agency and Communion According to the Interpersonal Circumplex, Five-Factor Model, and Social-Emotional Correlates

In this study, we examined common measures of agency (AG), communion (CM), and unmitigated agency (UA) and unmitigated communion (UC) using the interpersonal circumplex and Five-factor models (FFM) as conceptual frameworks. AG aligned with interpersonal dominance in circumplex space and related positively to conscientiousness and inversely to neuroticism. CM corresponded with interpersonal affiliation and related positively to conscientiousness. UA was consistent with hostile-dominance and related to lower conscientiousness and higher neuroticism. UC related to friendly submission but was not strongly represented in the circumplex and did not relate to the FFM. Each construct showed distinct social-emotional correlates. These findings support the convergent and divergent properties of the constructs but suggest that additional attention to the conceptual definition and measurement of UC is warranted.
Ste20-Related Kinase SLK Phosphorylates Ser188 of RhoA to Induce Vasodilation in Response to Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Activation

The small G protein Rho signaling pathways are recognized as major regulators of cardiovascular functions, and activation of Rho proteins appears to be a common component for the pathogenesis of hypertension and vascular proliferative disorders. Recent evidence suggests that modulation of Rho protein signaling by phosphorylation of Rho proteins provides an additional simple mechanism for coordinating Rho protein functions. Phosphorylation of RhoA by cAMP- or cGMP-activated kinase on Ser188 induces cytosolic sequestration of RhoA through increased interaction with guanine dissociation inhibitor, thereby resulting in inhibition of RhoA-dependent functions. Here we show that stimulation of angiotensin II (Ang II) type 2 receptor (AT2R) in vascular smooth muscle cells induces Ser188 phosphorylation of RhoA independently of cAMP- or cGMP-activated kinase. We identify the Ser/Thr kinase Ste20-related kinase SLK as a new kinase phosphorylating RhoA on Ser188. Activation of the signaling cascade involving Src homology 2 domain–containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1, casein kinase II and SLK is responsible for RhoA phosphorylation and inhibition of RhoA-mediated arterial contraction induced by AT2R activation. These results thus identify the molecular mechanism linking AT2R to RhoA inhibition and vasodilation.
Frequency Characteristics of Fast and Slow Waves in the Cochlea : A Finite Element Analysis

The aim of this study was to predict the characteristics of two types of cochlear pressure waves, so-called fast and slow waves, which are generated by vibration of the stapes. A two-dimensional finite-element model of the organ of Corti, including the fluid-structure interaction with the surrounding lymph fluid, was constructed. Using this model, the magnitude and phase of the fast and slow waves were predicted so as to match the numerically obtained pressure distribution in the scala tympani with that of the intracochlear pressure measurement [1]. As a result, it was found that the magnitude of the fast wave increases as a function of frequency, and that of the slow wave grows gradually to the point of resonance (characteristic frequency: CF) with increasing frequency, then falls sharply.
A parallel architecture of AdaBoost-based face detection for gaze estimation

Face detection is an essential application in image processing and computer vision. In this paper, a parallel architecture for AdaBoost algorithm is proposed to support face detection in the embedded system. Some optimizations for the AdaBoost algorithm are applied to accelerate the process. Based on the software/hardware co-design methodology, a configurable high performance CPU (Nios) can take charge of task scheduling, image scaling and simple processing. Dedicated hardware accelerators are designed to deal with data intensive computing tasks through multi-level parallelism to meet the real-time requirement in embedded applications. The architecture is prototyped on Altera Cyclone II FPGA. The evaluation result shows that the system performs real-time detection with low resource consumption and high detection rate (96.7%). The detection speed of image consisting 640×480 pixels is 12 frames/s, and 41 frames/s for image consisting 320×240 pixels. It meets the requirement of gaze estimation.
Research on Face Detection Based on Lightweight MTCNN

In this paper, the face detection is realized by MTCNN, and the MTCNN is lightweighted. The O-Net binarization with the most parameters in the three shallow sub-networks of the MTCNN is carried out to compress the network model, the import feature map and the weight of the convolution operation are binarized so that the multiplication and accumulation operation of the convolution operation part in the original neural network is further transformed into the combination of the single-bit XNOR operation and the addition operation. In this paper, the MTCNN model before and after lightweighting are trained and tested on the WIDER FACE face detection data set respectively. The lightweight network model has a slight loss of 2.408% of the accuracy rate of training tests on the WIDER FACE face detection data set, but a 67.265% reduction in the number of parameters compared to the original model.
Trametinib modulates cancer multidrug resistance by targeting ABCB1 transporter

Overexpression of adenine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is one of the main reasons of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. Trametinib, a novel specific small-molecule mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor, is currently used for the treatment of melanoma in clinic. In this study, we investigated the effect of trametinib on MDR mediated by ABC transporters. Trametinib significantly potentiated the effects of two ABCB1 substrates vincristine and doxorubicin on inhibition of growth, arrest of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells overexpressed ABCB1, but not ABCC1 and ABCG2. Furthermore, trametinib did not alter the sensitivity of non-ABCB1 substrate cisplatin. Mechanistically, trametinib potently blocked the drug-efflux activity of ABCB1 to increase the intracellular accumulation of rhodamine 123 and doxorubicin and stimulates the ATPase of ABCB1 without alteration of the expression of ABCB1. Importantly, trametinib remarkably enhanced the effect of vincristine against the xenografts of ABCB1-overexpressing cancer cells in nude mice. The predicted binding mode showed the hydrophobic interactions of trametinib within the large drug binding cavity of ABCB1. Consequently, our findings may have important implications for use of trametinib in combination therapy for cancer treatment.
Biomedical Imaging: Past, Present and Predictions

Biomedical imaging has a long history, dating back several centuries if one considers the study of anatomy via cadaveric dissection and exploration in medieval autopsy theaters. However, the era of modern medical imaging, where real images were made of the internal body and its contents without dissection, began in the late 1800’s with the discovery of x-rays by Roentgen. Although improvement in recording media considerably enhanced the quality and use of x-rays for medical purposes, with the notable exception of fluoroscopy and nuclear imaging developed decades later, it was not until the early 1970s that a new revolution began in medical imaging, namely computed tomography, and imaging capabilities since that time have been developed, applied and accepted at a volume and pace that is unprecedented in medical history. By comparison to those extant even 30 or 40 years ago, current capabilities are truly remarkable and have clearly established an expectation for continuing advances that will be just as outstanding in the next few years and beyond. This paper attempts to briefly summarize the history of visualizing the internal body for medical and biological purposes, with primary focus on present capabilities. A few predictions will be made by extrapolating from present to possible future advances. Copious citations will not be used, as most of this treatise is based on 3 decades of personal opinion and experience, but a few references to personal publications are attached that contain numerous citations to the topics included in this perspective – past, present and future [1-10].
Modeling solutions with jumps for rate-independent systems on metric spaces

Rate-independent systems allow for solutions with jumps that need additional modeling. Here we suggest a formulation that arises as limit of viscous regularization of the solutions in the extended state space. Hence, our parametrized metric solutions of a rate-independent system are absolutely continuous mappings from a parameter interval into the extended state space. Jumps appear as generalized gradient flows during which the time is constant. The closely related notion of BV solutions is developed afterwards. Our approach is based on the abstract theory of generalized gradient flows in metric spaces, and comparison with other notions of solutions is given.
Testing Goodness of Fit of Random Graph Models

Random graphs are matrices with independent 0–1 elements with probabilities determined by a small number of parameters. One of the oldest models is the Rasch model where the odds are ratios of positive numbers scaling the rows and columns. Later Persi Diaconis with his coworkers rediscovered the model for symmetric matrices and called the model beta. Here we give goodness-of-fit tests for the model and extend the model to a version of the block model introduced by Holland, Laskey and Leinhard.
MASSIVE STAR MULTIPLICITY: THE CEPHEID W Sgr

We have obtained spectra of the W Sgr system with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The spectra resolve the system into a distant companion B which is the hottest star in the system and the spectroscopic binary (A = Aa + Ab). A and B are separated by 0. ″16. We have extracted the spectra of both of these. We see no flux in the Aa + Ab spectrum which cannot be accounted for by the Cepheid, and put an upper limit on the spectral type and mass of the companion Ab of F5 V and ⩽1.4 M☉. Using the orbit from HST fine guidance sensor measurements from Benedict et al., this results in an upper limit to the mass of the Cepheid of ⩽5.4 M☉. We also discuss two possible distant companions. Based on the photometry from the Two Micron All Sky Survey Point Source Catalog, they are not physical companions of the W Sgr system.
Science of the Nail Apparatus

Gross anatomy and terminology, 1 Embryology, 3 Morphogenesis, 3 Tissue differentiation, 4 Factors in embryogenesis, 4 Regional anatomy, 5 Histological preparation, 5 Nail matrix and lunula, 7 Nail bed and hyponychium, 9 Nail folds, 11 Nail plate, 15 Vascular supply, 18 Arterial supply, 18 Venous drainage, 19 Effects of altered vascular supply, 19 Nail fold vessels, 19 Glomus bodies, 20 Nerve supply, 21 Comparative anatomy and function, 21 The nail and other appendages, 22 Phylogenetic comparisons, 23 Physiology, 25 Nail production, 25 Normal nail morphology, 27 Nail growth, 28 Nail plate biochemical analysis, 31 Physical properties of nails, 35 Strength, 35 Permeability, 35 Radiation penetration, 37 Imaging of the nail apparatus, 37 Radiology, 37 Ultrasound, 37 Profi lometry, 38 Dermoscopy (epiluminescence), 38 Photography, 38 Light, 40 Other techniques, 41
Resistive switching characteristics of integrated polycrystalline hafnium oxide based one transistor and one resistor devices fabricated by atomic vapor deposition methods

In this work, the bipolar resistive switching (RS) characteristics of polycrystalline hafnium oxide are studied in embedded 1 transistor-1 resistor (1T1R) resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices. The HfO2 films with varied thickness from 15 to 25 nm were grown by the atomic vapor deposition method at 400 °C. The HfO2 films are polycrystalline, as evaluated by applying atomic force microscopy and x-ray diffraction. In addition, current–voltage characteristics of the 1T1R devices were investigated. The forming voltages of 15 nm thick HfO2 films are about 4 V and increase gradually with increasing film thickness. A reproducible resistance switching behavior was observed with a high resistance ratio of ∼20 during DC cycling of 100 times. The observed SET and RESET voltages are about 1.2 and 1.6 V, respectively, indicating that the 1T1R RRAM device can be operated below 2 V. The current–voltage characteristics are discussed in the frame of the quantum point contact model.
Human face detection using angular radial transform and support vector machines

This paper presents a new face detection method. For a potential face pattern, a histogram equalized intensity map and a local intensity variance map are created to normalize the pattern photometrically. We then view these two maps as geometric shapes and apply the angular radial transform (ART) to derive a compact representation of the pattern. The ART transform coefficients are then used as input to a support vector machine (SVM) to determine the presence or absence of a face in the pattern. We also develop a SVM based skin color detection technique as a preprocessing step and only search image regions that contain sufficient large number of skin pixels thus greatly enhancing the detection speed. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method.
The MukB–topoisomerase IV interaction is required for proper chromosome compaction

The bacterial condensin MukB and the cellular decatenating enzyme topoisomerase IV interact. This interaction stimulates intramolecular reactions catalyzed by topoisomerase IV, supercoiled DNA relaxation, and DNA knotting but not intermolecular reactions such as decatenation of linked DNAs. We have demonstrated previously that MukB condenses DNA by sequestering negative supercoils and stabilizing topologically isolated loops in the DNA. We show here that the MukB–topoisomerase IV interaction stabilizes MukB on DNA, increasing the extent of DNA condensation without increasing the amount of MukB bound to the DNA. This effect does not require the catalytic activity of topoisomerase IV. Cells carrying a mukB mutant allele that encodes a protein that does not interact with topoisomerase IV exhibit severe nucleoid decompaction leading to chromosome segregation defects. These findings suggest that the MukB-topoisomerase IV complex may provide a scaffold for DNA condensation.
RNA structures, genomic organization and selection of recombinant HIV

Recombination is an evolutionary mechanism intrinsic to the evolution of many RNA viruses. In retroviruses and notably in the case of HIV, recombination is so frequent that it can be considered as part of its mode of replication. This process not only plays a central role in shaping HIV genetic diversity worldwide, but has also been involved in immune escape and development of resistance to antiviral treatments. Recombination does not create new mutations in the existing genetic repertoire of the virus, but creates new combinations of pre-existing polymorphisms. The simultaneous insertion of multiple substitutions in a single replication cycle leaves little room for the progressive coevolution of regions of proteins, RNA or, more in general, genomes, to accommodate these drastic sequence changes. Therefore, recombination, while allowing the virus to rapidly explore larger sequence space than the slow accumulation of point mutations, also runs the risk of generating non functional viruses. Recombination is the consequence of a switch in the template used during reverse transcription and is promoted by the presence of structured regions in the genomic RNA template. In this review, we discuss new observations suggesting that the distribution of RNA structures along the HIV genome may enhance recombination rates in regions where the resultant progeny is less likely to be impaired, and could therefore maximize the evolutionary value of this source of genetic diversity.
Gradual Improvement of Image Descriptor Quality

In this paper, we propose a framework to gradually improve the quality of an already existing image descriptor. The descriptor used in this paper \cite{Afkham:wf} uses the response of a series of discriminative components for summarizing each image. As we will show, this descriptor has an ideal form in which all categories become linearly separable. While, reaching this form is not feasible, we will argue by replacing a small fraction of the components, it is possible to obtain a descriptor which is, on average, closer to this ideal form. To do so, we identify which components do not contribute to the quality of the descriptor and replace them with more robust components. Here, a joint feature selection method is used to find more robust components. As our experiments show, this change directly reflects in the capability of the resulting descriptor in discriminating between different categories.
Learning OOV through semantic relatedness in spoken dialog systems

• Speech recognition and language understanding performance can be improved through an OOV expectand-learn procedure. • A limited domain vocabulary can be utilized to effectively acquire OOVs by the word relatedness theory through web knowledge bases. • With data-driven semantic relatedness, both the global and local learning procedures are able to successfully harvest more than 50% of OOVs, leading to better recognition and understanding performance. • This work demonstrates that o OOV learning may benefit dialog system o the proposed expect-and-learn strategy outperforms the traditional detect-and-learn in both higher effectiveness and no human involvement. 1. Linguistically semantic relatedness o Defined by linguistics, e.g., WordNet (WN), Paraphrase Database (PPDB) (Ganitkevitch et al., 2013) 2. Data-driven semantic relatedness o Distributional semantics, e.g., continuous bag-ofword embeddings (CBOW) (Mikolov et al., 2013)  Detect-and-Learn (Qin et al., 2011; 2012): o Discover OOV words during the conversation o Example: S: “I heard something like SELF, can you repeat it? ” U: “It’s SELFIE. ” o Drawbacks • Limited number of new words • Required human efforts to correct spellings and pronunciations  Expect-and-Learn (proposed): o Use semantic relatedness to automatically enrich the vocabulary and language model beforehand
The evolution of mate choice: a dialogue between theory and experiment

Research on the evolution of mate choice has followed three avenues of investigation: (1) theoretical models of the evolution of preference and the preferred trait; (2) proposed models of mate choice; and (3) experiments and observations on mate choice, both in the laboratory and with free‐ranging animals. However, there has been relatively little dialogue among these three areas. Most attempts to account for observations of mate choice using theoretical mate‐choice models have focused only upon a subset of particular models and have generally failed to consider the difference between probabilistic and deterministic models. In this review, I outline the underlying reasoning of the commonly cited mate‐choice models and review the conclusions of the empirical investigations. I present a brief outline of how one might go about testing these models. It remains uncertain if, in general, mate‐choice models can be realistically analyzed. Although it is clear that females frequently discriminate among males, data also suggest that females may typically have a very limited number of males from which to choose. The extent to which female choice under natural conditions is relatively random because of limited opportunities remains an open question for the majority of species.
Prediction of termination migration of a rod-type particle in Ti–6Al–4Fe alloy

The kinetics for the termination migration of a rod-type alpha particle in a two-phase Ti alloy was predicted on the basis of the edge recession theory. The developed model quantified the effect of geometrical dimensions and diffusional factors on the spheroidization rate. Comparison with the experimental results of Ti–6Al–4Fe showed that the model can provide a reasonable prediction of the time to complete the static spheroidization of rod-type particles.
Spatial co-occurrence of local intensity order for face recognition

In this paper, we propose a simple but effective spatial co-occurrence of local intensity order (CoLIO) feature for face recognition. Local intensity order (LIO) is robust to illumination variance. Spatial co-occurrence of LIO not only preserves great invariance to illumination, but also greatly enhances the discriminative power of the descriptor as Co- LIO well captures the correlation between locally adjacent regions. The proposed feature has been successfully applied to two widely used face databases including AR [1] and LFW [2]. Superior performance on these two databases fully demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed feature. Meanwhile, the extremely fast extraction speed makes the proposed feature practically useful.
The Wireless Technologies for Smart Grid Communication: A Review

Since 2005, Smart Grid technology has revolutionized the electric power system industry. Researchers have shown a lot of interest in the opportunities offered by ICT(Information and Communication Technologies), to modernize the operation of electrical networks. This is possible by decarbonizing them as well as monitoring and controlling them with sophisticated communication standards. For this purpose, merging the technologies offered by electrical and telecommunication sector is very crucial. Various wireless communication standards viz. WiMAX, Zig Bee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GSM, GPRS, UMTS etc. Can be exploited to develop Smart Grid Network and extend communication throughout the distributed system. This paper gives a detailed comparative study of communication protocols that can be implemented in this domain. It focuses on various aspects such as network spanning, data rates, power consumption, data security and encryption standards, data access and spread spectrum techniques, modulation and duplexing schemes for all the communication standards in Smart Grid. Hence by addressing all the critical issues, this paper provides a contemporary look in the still open research areas in Smart Grid Communication.