Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multicenter Long-Term Safety and Efficacy Trial of Preterm Formula Supplemented with Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

BackgroundThe tissue accretion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is compromised in infants born prematurely. Human milk contains long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, but most preterm infant formulas do not. The long-term effects of preterm formula supplemented with arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, in proportions typical of those in human milk, were therefore investigated. MethodsIn this double-blind, randomized study, 288 preterm infants received experimental formula (n = 77), unsupplemented (control) formula (n = 78), or human milk (n = 133) until 48 weeks postconceptional age (PCA). Term formula, without supplemental long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, was administered from 48 to 92 weeks PCA to formula-fed infants and to infants weaned from human milk. Anthropometric and fatty acid data were assessed by using analysis of variance. ResultsAt 92 weeks PCA, no statistically significant anthropometric measurement differences were found except for midarm circumference, which was smaller in human milk–fed infants than in those fed formula. Phospholipid concentrations were similar in the experimental and human milk–fed groups, and docosahexaenoic acid levels were significantly greater than in the control group. The types and incidences of adverse events were similar among the feeding groups. ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate the efficacy and long-term safety of preterm formula supplemented with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Tourism Impact and Stakeholders’ Quality of Life

This article reports a study testing the hypothesis that, compared with community residents who are not affiliated with the tourism industry, residents affiliated with tourism are likely to perceive tourism impact more positively, and the more positive their perceptions of tourism development, the more likely they feel satisfied with their lives. The study involved a survey of community residents of four tourist destinations in the United States. A total of 407 responses were used for data analysis. The results provided support for the notion that the influence of community residents’ perceptions of tourism impact and their life satisfaction is dependent on whether the residents are affiliated or not affiliated with the tourism sector.
Intracellular localization of Borrelia burgdorferi within human endothelial cells

The later stages of infection by the Lyme disease pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi, are characterized by the persistence of the organism in individuals possessing a strong anti-Borrelia immune response. This suggests that the organism is sequestered in a tissue protected from the immune system of the host or there is a reservoir of the organism residing within the cells of the host. In this report, the ability of B. burgdorferi to gain entrance into human umbilical vein endothelial cells was explored as a model for invasion. Incubation of B. burgdorferi with human umbilical vein endothelial cells at ratios ranging from 200:1 to 5,000:1 resulted in the intracellular localization of 10 to 25% of B. burgdorferi in 24 h. The intracellular location of the spirochetes was demonstrated by the incorporation of radiolabeled B. burgdorferi into a trypsin-resistant compartment and was confirmed by double-immunofluorescence staining which differentiated intracellular from extracellular organisms. Actin-containing microfilaments were required for the intracellular localization, indicating that the host cell participates in the internalization process. Activation of endothelial cells by agents known to increase the expression of several adhesion molecules had no effect on the interaction of B. burgdorferi with the endothelial monolayer. This indicates that the endothelial receptor for B. burgdorferi is constitutively expressed and that internalization is not dependent upon adhesion molecules whose expression is induced by inflammatory mediators. The demonstration of B. burgdorferi within endothelial cells suggest that intracellular localization may be a potential mechanism by which the organism escapes from the immune response of the host and may contribute to persistence of the organism during the later stages of Lyme disease.
REVIEW ARTICLE Thrombus formation: direct real‐time observation and digital analysis of thrombus assembly in a living mouse by confocal and widefield intravital microscopy

Summary. We have developed novel instrumentation using confocal and widefield microscopy to image and analyze thrombus formation in real time in the microcirculation of a living mouse. This system provides high‐speed, near‐simultaneous acquisition of images of multiple fluorescent probes and a brightfield channel, and supports laser‐induced injury through the microscope optics. Although this imaging facility requires interface of multiple hardware components, the primary challenge in vascular imaging is careful experimental design and interpretation. This system has been used to localize tissue factor during thrombus formation, to observe defects in thrombus assembly in genetically altered mice, to study the kinetics of platelet activation and P‐selectin expression following vascular injury, to analyze leukocyte rolling on arterial thrombi, to generate three‐dimensional models of thrombi, and to analyze the effect of antithrombotic agents in vivo.
Quality of Life after Ventral Hernia Repair with Endoscopic Component Separation Technique

Background and Aims: Large ventral hernias are often associated with physical, social, and health problems for the patient, and surgical repair remains a challenge. Open components separation has widely been applied to obtain closure of the midline and recently a minimally invasive technique has been introduced (endoscopic components separation). The effectiveness and safety of endoscopic components separation have been demonstrated in previous reports, whereas little is known about quality of life in these patients. With a focus on quality of life, we present the first patients from our center operated on with endoscopic components separation. Material and Methods: A total of 19 consecutive patients scheduled for open hernia repair with endoscopic components separation from October 2010 to June 2012 were included. All procedures included endoscopic components separation because of the hernia size. Demographic data, operative information, and postoperative complications were recorded. All patients completed two similar questionnaires regarding their function level, cosmetic satisfaction, analgesic medication, alcohol consumption, and self-estimated physical and mental health before and after the hernia repair. Patients were assessed as outpatient median 2 months and 16 months after operation for exclusion of hernia recurrence and completion of the postoperative questionnaire. Results and Conclusions: Operating room time was median 204 min and correlated significantly with the hernia size. A total of 21 postoperative complications occurred in 14 patients. The length of stay was median 6 days and correlated significantly with duration of the operation. Of these, 15 patients participated in late follow-up visit. Two patients experienced recurrent hernias. Postoperative function level, cosmetic satisfaction, and self-estimated physical and mental health improved significantly. Alcohol consumption was significantly reduced. Endoscopic components separation is a reliable method to repair large ventral hernias, although further studies are required to determine the exact benefits for endoscopic components separation hernia repair versus conventional hernia repair.
Errata and Proofs for Quickr [ 2 ]

• The transitivity theorem, in Proposition 1 of Quickr, has a revision in item iii. The revised version is Proposition 5 in this document. • Definition 1 in Appendix B.2, which defines dominance, has a revision in the condition for c-dominance. The revised version is Definition 1 in this document. We also offer new definitions of equivalence and weak equivalence. • The dominance pushdown rules in Appendix B.3 have, in general, been revised and substantially expanded. In particular, Proposition 7 in Quickr, which relates to projections that drop columns is simple but incomplete; Propositions 8 and 9 in this document consider the case of projections that rename columns and create new columns respectively. Proposition 8 in Quickr, which relates to pushing samplers past selections, is replaced with Proposition 10 in this document. Finally, we separate the Proposition 9 in Quickr, which pushes samplers past joins, into two separate propositions; Proposition 2 considers the special-case of foreign key joins and Proposition 12 considers other equijoins.
Multiple Comparisons of Log-Likelihoods with Applications to Phylogenetic Inference

The maximum-likelihood method for inferring mo-lecular phylogeny (Felsenstein 1981) is being widelyused. The probabilistic model for generating the molec-ular sequences is speciﬁed by the substitution processand the tree topology. The parameters for the substitu-tion process and the branch lengths are estimated bymaximizing the likelihood, and then the tree topology isestimated by maximizing the maximized likelihood. Toobtain the conﬁdence limit of the topology, the test ofKishino and Hasegawa (1989), referred to as the KHtest, is often used in practice. The same idea that is thebasis for the KH test is also found in the statistical lit-erature (Linhart 1988; Vuong 1989). The KH test wasdesigned for comparing two topologies but is often usedfor comparing many topologies. This use of the KH testleads to overconﬁdence for a wrong tree, because thesampling error due to the selection of the topology isoverlooked in it. In this note, we present a modiﬁcationof the KH test to take into account a multiplicity oftestings.Let a index the topologies and L
RhinAsthma patient perspective: A Rasch validation study

ABSTRACT Objective: In daily practice, Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) tools are useful for supplementing clinical data with the patient's perspective. To encourage their use by clinicians, the availability of tools that can quickly provide valid results is crucial. A new HRQoL tool has been proposed for patients with asthma and rhinitis: the RhinAsthma Patient Perspective—RAPP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric robustness of the RAPP using the Item Response Theory (IRT) approach, to evaluate the scalability of items and test whether or not patients use the items response scale correctly. Methods: 155 patients (53.5% women, mean age 39.1, range 16–76) were recruited during a multicenter study. RAPP metric properties were investigated using IRT models. Differential item functioning (DIF) was used for gender, age, and asthma control test (ACT). Results: The RAPP adequately fitted the Rating Scale model, demonstrating the equality of the rating scale structure for all items. All statistics on items were satisfactory. The RAPP had adequate internal reliability and showed good ability to discriminate among different groups of participants. DIF analysis indicated that there were no differential item functioning issues for gender. One item showed a DIF by age and four items by ACT. Conclusions: The psychometric evaluation performed using IRT models demonstrated that the RAPP met all the criteria to be considered a reliable and valid method of measurement. From a clinical perspective, this will allow physicians to confidently interpret scores as good indicators of Quality of Life of patients with asthma.
Quality of Accounting Information: Essence and Assessment Method

The article is devoted to the substantiation of theoretical and methodological principles of assessing the quality of accounting information. The analysis of existing approaches to the interpretation of the essence of the quality of accounting information is performed. The dual nature of the quality of accounting information is substantiated. Firstly, the quality of accounting information is considered as a set of consumer characteristics of information that exist objectively, and embody the resources consumed at each stage of accounting process; secondly, the quality of accounting information is determined by its ability to meet the information needs of different user groups in the decision-making. The approach to assessing the level of correspondence of the quality parameters of information to reference indices, needs, demands and expectations of different users is proposed. The author's approach to assessing the quality of accounting information is based on expert methods and provides for the consistent implementation of the following steps: structuring of qualitative characteristics of accounting information, determining the degree of correspondence of its quality characteristics to benchmark indices, calculating the baseline quality of accounting information, ranking the quality characteristics of information by users, and calculation of integral index of quality of accounting information.
Activity aware clock gated storage element design

In advanced sub-nanometer technologies, along with area and timing, power consumption is the major concern. Dynamic power is mostly the dominant component of total power consumption, and clock subsystem of a digital circuit has a large share in the dynamic power consumption which is mostly due to its high toggling rate and large capacitive loading. A new clock gating methodology for low-power clocked storage element design is presented. The proposed method removes unnecessary clock toggling and reduces capacitive loading, which both lead to reduced dynamic power and reduced design complexity. The proposed method is an ad-hoc method and does not require access to internal circuitry of storage element, which makes it feasible in the standard-cell based digital circuit design. The HSPICE simulation results conducted in 45nm CMOS technology confirm more than 20% less power consumption at low activity rate, and higher activity-rate crossover point compared to ordinary clock gating methods.
Implication of Psoas Muscle Index on Survival for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy

Aims We aimed to retrospectively examine the impact of pretreatment psoas muscle index (PMI) as determined by computed tomography on survival for treatment naïve hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who underwent percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy (n=182; 111 males and 71 females with median age of 70 years). Patients and methods Optimal cut-off points of PMI in male and female were calculated by receiver operating characteristic analysis for survival. We investigated parameters associated with overall survival (OS) in the univariate and multivariate analyses. Results The median follow-up period in this study was 4.28 years. For all cases, the 5-year cumulative OS rate after initial RFA was 69.2%. The median (range) value in PMI for male was 6.03 (1.63-9.90) cm2/m2 whereas that for female was 4.06 (1.21-7.32) cm2/m2. Maximum tumor size ranged from 0.7 cm to 3.5 cm (median, 1.5cm). There were 145 patients with single nodule and 37 with multiple nodules. The optimal cut-off point for PMI was 6.31 cm2/m2 in male and 3.91 cm2/m2 in female. The 5-year cumulative OS rates were 51.5% in the decreased PMI group (n=90) and 86.5% in the non-decreased PMI group (n=92) (P<0.0001). In patients with Child-Pugh A (n=137) and Child-Pugh B or C (n=45), similar results were obtained. In the multivariate analysis, presence of decreased PMI (P<0.0001), total bilirubin ≥1.2 mg/dl (P=0.0015) and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin ≥34 mAU/ml (P=0.0089) were found to be significant adverse predictors related to OS. Conclusion PMI can be useful for predicting outcomes in HCC patients undergoing percutaneous RFA therapy.
A Nonlinear Sparse Representation-Based Binary Hypothesis Model for Hyperspectral Target Detection

The sparsity model has been employed for hyperspectral target detection and has been proved to be very effective when compared to the traditional linear mixture model. However, the state-of-art sparsity models usually represent a test sample via a sparse linear combination of both target and background training samples, which does not result in an efficient representation of a background test sample. In this paper, a sparse representation-based binary hypothesis (SRBBH) model employs more appropriate dictionaries with the binary hypothesis model to sparsely represent the test sample. Furthermore, the nonlinear issue is addressed in this paper, and a kernel method is employed to resolve the detection issue in complicated hyperspectral images. In this way, the kernel SRBBH model not only takes the nonlinear endmember mixture into consideration, but also fully exploits the sparsity model by the use of more reasonable dictionaries. The recovery process leads to a competition between the background and target subspaces, which is effective in separating the targets from the background, thereby enhancing the detection performance.
Small-molecule inhibitors targeting G-protein–coupled Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors

The G-protein–mediated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)–Rho GTPase signaling axis has been implicated in human pathophysiology and is a potential therapeutic target. By virtual screening of chemicals that fit into a surface groove of the DH-PH domain of LARG, a G-protein–regulated Rho GEF involved in RhoA activation, and subsequent validations in biochemical assays, we have identified a class of chemical inhibitors represented by Y16 that are active in specifically inhibiting LARG binding to RhoA. Y16 binds to the junction site of the DH-PH domains of LARG with a ∼80 nM Kd and suppresses LARG catalyzed RhoA activation dose dependently. It is active in blocking the interaction of LARG and related G-protein–coupled Rho GEFs with RhoA without a detectable effect on other DBL family Rho GEFs, Rho effectors, or a RhoGAP. In cells, Y16 selectively inhibits serum-induced RhoA activity and RhoA-mediated signaling, effects that can be rescued by a constitutively active RhoA or ROCK mutant. By suppressing RhoA activity, Y16 inhibits mammary sphere formation of MCF7 breast cancer cells but does not affect the nontransforming MCF10A cells. Significantly, Y16 works synergistically with Rhosin/G04, a Rho GTPase activation site inhibitor, in inhibiting LARG–RhoA interaction, RhoA activation, and RhoA-mediated signaling functions. Thus, our studies show that Rho GEFs can serve as selective targets of small chemicals and present a strategy of dual inhibition of the enzyme–substrate pair of GEF–RhoA at their binding interface that leads to enhanced efficacy and specificity.
An Examination of the Community School Model in an Urban School Setting

An Examination of the Community School Model in an Urban School Setting by Tanna Hurd Nicely The topic of educating today’s youth has become an increasing multi-faceted task with rigorous accountability metrics handed down from all of the different branches of government. Schools are faced with providing more than just instructing the three R’s; they are taxed with educating the whole child. This qualitative study explored the community schools model in an urban elementary school. Specifically, the study attempted to understand the perceived impact this model has on community members, parents, and administrators at one particular elementary school. Data were collected through a series of open-ended interviews and coded for inductive analysis. There were four emerging themes: impact of leader, hub of the community, safe environment, and education of the whole child, which surfaced from the data analysis of the open-ended interviews. A document review also provided additional information that was included in the findings. The need for additional quantitative and qualitative research was also suggested. Copyright 2016 by Tanna Hurd Nicely All Rights Reserved DEDICATION Bradley Keith Nicely, you have been my biggest cheerleader and best friend. You are the rock in my life; my shelter from the storm. I have been honored to have you by my side throughout this chapter in my life and for over thirty years. I know I could always go to you for encouragement whenever I needed a boost to get back to writing. I have dreamed this dream for a long time and you have never let me lose focus of it whenever I wanted to quit. I love you with all of my heart and will always love you, my sweet husband. Courtney Nicely Bennett and Drew Nicely, my beautiful children who have grown into wonderful adults, I am so proud of you both and thrilled to be your mother. I know at times I fed you a lot of fast food while working on my college work, but you never complained or fussed at me. Your support means the world to me. I am so lucky to have you both as my babies. God has blessed me with you. I love you both to the moon and back. G.W. and Nancy Hurd, my adoring parents who raised me to be strong and to reach for the stars. I remember as a young girl before I started Kindergarten you all said I would be the first in our family to graduate from college. I always seek your approval as you both have always cheered me on throughout my life. I could not ask for better parents, at times I have not deserved you. I love you all so much. Suzanne Bryant, my partner in crime, never did I realize when we first met as freshmen at the University of Tennessee was I making not just a friend for life, but a sister. We have dreamed our dreams, married our Godly husbands, raised wonderful children, and continued to go back to school. I could not have done this without you. While this will close the chapter on our years in school, the adventure is just beginning with us. I am lucky to have you and call you my sister.
Characterization of Transfusion‐Elicited Acute Antibody‐Mediated Rejection in a Rat Model of Kidney Transplantation

Animal models of antibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR) may provide important evidence supporting proof of concept. We elicited donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) by transfusion of donor blood (Brown Norway RT1n) into a complete mismatch recipient (Lewis RT1l) 3 weeks prior to kidney transplantation. Sensitized recipients had increased anti‐donor splenocyte IgG1, IgG2b and IgG2c DSA 1 week after transplantation. Histopathology was consistent with ABMR characterized by diffuse peritubular capillary C4d and moderate microvascular inflammation with peritubular capillaritis + glomerulitis > 2. Immunofluorescence studies of kidney allograft tissue demonstrated a greater CD68/CD3 ratio in sensitized animals, primarily of the M1 (pro‐inflammatory) phenotype, consistent with cytokine gene analyses that demonstrated a predominant T helper (TH)1 (interferon‐γ, IL‐2) profile. Immunoblot analyses confirmed the activation of the M1 macrophage phenotype as interferon regulatory factor 5, inducible nitric oxide synthase and phagocytic NADPH oxidase 2 were significantly up‐regulated. Clinical biopsy samples in sensitized patients with acute ABMR confirmed the dominance of M1 macrophage phenotype in humans. Despite the absence of tubulitis, we were unable to exclude the effects of T cell–mediated rejection. These studies suggest that M1 macrophages and TH1 cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute mixed rejection in sensitized allograft recipients.