Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Density Variation on Stress and Displacement Fields at a Propagating Mode-III Crack Tip in Orthotropic Functionally Graded Materials

The influences of density variation on stress and displacement fields at a propagating Mode-III crack tip in orthotropic functionally graded materials (OFGMs) are studied. The crack propagates dynamically at a right angle to the gradient of physical properties. Three kinds of elasticity and density gradients are analyzed in this study. They are as follows: (1) the density varies without elasticity variation, (2) the directions of the density and elasticity gradients are opposite to each other, and (3) same. For these cases, the stress and displacement fields at the crack tip are developed and the dynamic stress intensity factors for propagating cracks are also studied. When the crack speed is low, the influence of density variation on the stresses and displacement is low. However, when the crack speed is high, this influence is very high.
Giant gravitons in conformal field theory

Giant gravitons in AdS5 ? S5, and its orbifolds, have a dual field theory representation as states created by chiral primary operators. We argue that these operators are not single-trace operators in the conformal field theory, but rather are determinants and subdeterminants of scalar fields; the stringy exclusion principle applies to these operators. Evidence for this identification comes from three sources: (a) topological considerations in orbifolds, (b) computation of protected correlators using free field theory and (c) a Matrix model argument. The last argument applies to AdS7 ? S4 and the dual (2,0) theory, where we use algebraic aspects of the fuzzy 4-sphere to compute the expectation value of a giant graviton operator along the Coulomb branch of the theory.
Correlation between crossed cerebellar diaschisis and clinical neurological scales

Szilágyi G, Vas Á, Kerényi L, Nagy Z, Csiba L, Gulyás B. Correlation between crossed cerebellar diaschisis and clinical neurological scales. Acta Neurol Scand: 2012: 125: 373–381. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Bi-directional semantic similarity for gene ontology to optimize biological and clinical analyses

Background Semantic similarity analysis facilitates automated semantic explanations of biological and clinical data annotated by biomedical ontologies. Gene ontology (GO) has become one of the most important biomedical ontologies with a set of controlled vocabularies, providing rich semantic annotations for genes and molecular phenotypes for diseases. Current methods for measuring GO semantic similarities are limited to considering only the ancestor terms while neglecting the descendants. One can find many GO term pairs whose ancestors are identical but whose descendants are very different and vice versa. Moreover, the lower parts of GO trees are full of terms with more specific semantics. Methods This study proposed a method of measuring semantic similarities between GO terms using the entire GO tree structure, including both the upper (ancestral) and the lower (descendant) parts. Comprehensive comparison studies were performed with well-known information content-based and graph structure-based semantic similarity measures with protein sequence similarities, gene expression-profile correlations, protein–protein interactions, and biological pathway analyses. Conclusion The proposed bidirectional measure of semantic similarity outperformed other graph-based and information content-based methods.
Anticancer drug oxaliplatin induces acute cooling-aggravated neuropathy via sodium channel subtype NaV1.6-resurgent and persistent current

Infusion of the chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin leads to an acute and a chronic form of peripheral neuropathy. Acute oxaliplatin neuropathy is characterized by sensory paresthesias and muscle cramps that are notably exacerbated by cooling. Painful dysesthesias are rarely reported for acute oxaliplatin neuropathy, whereas a common symptom of chronic oxaliplatin neuropathy is pain. Here we examine the role of the sodium channel isoform NaV1.6 in mediating the symptoms of acute oxaliplatin neuropathy. Compound and single-action potential recordings from human and mouse peripheral axons showed that cooling in the presence of oxaliplatin (30–100 μM; 90 min) induced bursts of action potentials in myelinated A, but not unmyelinated C-fibers. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons revealed enhanced tetrodotoxin-sensitive resurgent and persistent current amplitudes in large, but not small, diameter DRG neurons when cooled (22 °C) in the presence of oxaliplatin. In DRG neurons and peripheral myelinated axons from Scn8amed/med mice, which lack functional NaV1.6, no effect of oxaliplatin and cooling was observed. Oxaliplatin significantly slows the rate of fast inactivation at negative potentials in heterologously expressed mNaV1.6r in ND7 cells, an effect consistent with prolonged NaV open times and increased resurgent and persistent current in native DRG neurons. This finding suggests that NaV1.6 plays a central role in mediating acute cooling-exacerbated symptoms following oxaliplatin, and that enhanced resurgent and persistent sodium currents may provide a general mechanistic basis for cold-aggravated symptoms of neuropathy.
Use of PCR for Diagnosis of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis in the United States, 2011–2015

Abstract Background Although rapid antigen testing and culture are recommended for diagnosis of Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis in the US, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are becoming more widely available. This study evaluated diagnosis and management of strep throat in the USA from 2011 to 2015, and the extent to which PCR and other diagnostic modalities were utilized. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using the 2011–2015 MarketScan Commercial and Medicare databases, covering over 200 million insured US individuals. Streptococcal sore throat, acute pharyngitis, or acute tonsillitis were defined using ICD9/10 diagnosis codes. Each strep throat event spanned a 2-week period from the index visit, with patient demographics and provider characteristics examined across five testing categories for strep throat: rapid test, rapid test with culture, other tests, PCR, and no test. Descriptive and multivariable statistics were used to identify potential predictors of testing type and antibiotic usage. Results 18.8 million strep throat events were identified in 11.6 million patients, and over 40% of strep throat events occurred in patients under 18 years of age. Overall, 43.0% had a rapid test only, 19.8% had rapid test and culture, 9.2% had other test combinations, and 0.1% had a PCR test done only. Over a quarter (27.9%) had no test. PCR testing usage in 2015 increased 3.5 times that of 2011 (0.06% vs. 0.27%) while rapid testing remained similar (43.0% vs. 44.8%). Over 75% of PCR testing occurred with office visits. Antibiotic use was significantly lower in patients receiving PCR tests (34.6%) or rapid tests with culture (31.3%) compared with those getting rapid testing only (53.4%) or no testing (57.1%). Conclusion Use of gold standard diagnostic tests for Strep including rapid with confirmatory culture or PCR is associated with lower use of antibiotics. PCR testing nearly tripled between 2011 and 2015 but use remained low overall. Current guidelines for Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis and antibiotic stewardship initiatives should consider how to include recommendations on the use of PCR for the diagnosis of strep throat. Disclosures R. Luo, Roche: Employee, Salary; J. Sickler, Roche: Employee, Salary; F. Vahidnia, Roche: Employee, Salary; Y. C. Lee, Roche: Employee, Salary; B. Frogner, Roche: Consultant, Consulting fee; M. Thompson, Roche: Consultant, Consulting fee; Alere, Inc.: Grant Investigator, Research grant Phoresa, Inc.: Board Member and Shareholder, Shares
A Performance Modeling of Connectivity in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we study the statistical properties of the connectivity of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) with user mobility. It is assumed that the nodes travel along a multilane highway that allows vehicles to pass each other. The nodes arrive at the highway through one of the traffic entry points according to a Poisson process and then travel in the same direction according to a user mobility model until they reach their exit points. The nodes on the highway may be able to communicate with each other. We derive the probability distribution of the node population size on the highway and the node's location distribution. Then, we determine the mean cluster size and the probability that the nodes will form a single cluster. The analysis of this paper also applies to any path in a network of highways, as well as to two-way traffic. The numerical results show the significance of mobility on the connectivity of VANETs. We also present simulation results that confirm the accuracy of the analysis. The results of this paper may be used to study the routing algorithms, throughput, or delay in VANETs.
The LIG English to French machine translation system for IWSLT 2012

This paper presents the LIG participation to the E-F MT task of IWSLT 2012. The primary system proposed made a large improvement (more than 3 point of BLEU on tst2010 set) compared to our last year participation. Part of this improvment was due to the use of an extraction from the Gigaword corpus. We also propose a preliminary adaptation of the driven decoding concept for machine translation. This method allows an efficient combination of machine translation systems, by rescoring the log-linear model at the N-best list level according to auxiliary systems: the basis technique is essentially guiding the search using one or previous system outputs. The results show that the approach allows a significant improvement in BLEU score using Google translate to guide our own SMT system. We also try to use a confidence measure as an additional log-linear feature but we could not get any improvment with this technique.
Policy Conformance in the Corporate Blog Space

paper describes part of a solution to the interpretation of human-readable policy documents into semi-automatic conformance checking. Using a socio-cognitively motivated representation of shared knowledge, and applying appropriate inference mechanisms from a normative perspective, a mechanism to automatically detect potentially non-conforming blog entries is detailed. Candidate non-conforming blog entries are flagged for a human to make a judgement on whether they should be published. Analysis of data from a public corporate blog is analysed and results suggest the methodology has merit.
A Cryptic Species of the Tylonycteris pachypus Complex (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Its Population Genetic Structure in Southern China and nearby Regions

Three distinct bamboo bat species (Tylonycteris) are known to inhabit tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, i.e., T. pachypus, T. robustula, and T. pygmaeus. This study performed karyotypic examinations of 4 specimens from southern Chinese T. p. fulvidus populations and one specimen from Thai T. p. fulvidus population, which detected distinct karyotypes (2n=30) compared with previous karyotypic descriptions of T. p. pachypus (2n=46) and T. robustula (2n=32) from Malaysia. This finding suggested a cryptic Tylonycteris species within T. pachypus complex in China and Thailand. Morphometric studies indicated the difficulty in distinguishing the cryptic species and T. p. pachypus from Indonesia apart from the external measurements, which might be the reason for their historical misidentification. Based on 623 bp mtDNA COI segments, a phylogeographic examination including T. pachypus individuals from China and nearby regions, i.e., Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, was conducted to examine the population genetic structure. Genealogical and phylogeographical results indicated that at least two diverged lineages existed in these regions (average 3.4 % of Kimura 2-parameter distances) and their population structure did not match the geographic pattern. These results suggested that at least two historical colonizations have occurred by the cryptic species. Furthermore, through integration of traditional and geometric morphological results, morphological differences on zygomatic arches, toothrows and bullae were detected between two lineages in China. Given the similarity of vegetation and climate of Guangdong and Guangxi regions, we suggested that such differences might be derived from their historical adaptation or distinct evolutionary history rather than the differences of habitats they occurred currently.
Improving speech translation with automatic boundary prediction

This paper investigates the influence of automatic sentence boundary and sub-sentence punctuation prediction on machine translation (MT) of automatically recognized speech. We use prosodic and lexical cues to determine sentence boundaries, and successfully combine two complementary approaches to sentence boundary prediction. We also introduce a new feature for segmentation prediction that directly considers the assumptions of the phrase translation model. In addition, we show how automatically predicted commas can be used to constrain reordering in MT search. We evaluate the presented methods using a state-of-the-art phrase-based statistical MT system on two large vocabulary tasks. We find that careful optimization of the segmentation parameters directly for translation quality improves the translation results in comparison to independent optimization for segmentation quality of the predicted source language sentence boundaries.
Disparity computation based on SIFT and belief propagation

This paper is a combined method for stereo matching. Between the stereo images have difference perspective each other. The difference of stereo images is called disparity. This information measures the difference of reference and target stereo images. Then we can estimate the correspondence points on the target image from reference image. The proposed method is a combination of SIFT and cost aggregation. One of popular feature matching, SIFT and traditional cost aggregation method, BP(Belief propagation) are evaluated stereo matching points. In this work, the Middlebury stereo dataset helps to apply proposed work.
Effects of terlipressin and naloxone compared with epinephrine in a rat model of asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hemodynamic and metabolic effects of terlipressin and naloxone in cardiac arrest. METHODS: Cardiac arrest in rats was induced by asphyxia and maintained for 3.5 minutes. Animals were then resuscitated and randomized into one of six groups: placebo (n = 7), epinephrine (0.02 mg/kg; n = 7), naloxone (1 mg/kg; n = 7) or terlipressin, of which three different doses were tested: 50 µg/kg (TP50; n = 7), 100 µg/kg (TP100; n = 7) and 150 µg/kg (TP150; n = 7). Hemodynamic variables were measured at baseline and at 10 (T10), 20 (T20), 30 (T30), 45 (T45) and 60 (T60) minutes after cardiac arrest. Arterial blood samples were collected at T10, T30 and T60. RESULTS: The mean arterial pressure values in the TP50 group were higher than those in the epinephrine group at T10 (165 vs. 112 mmHg), T20 (160 vs. 82 mmHg), T30 (143 vs. 66 mmHg), T45 (119 vs. 67 mmHg) and T60 (96 vs. 66.8 mmHg). The blood lactate level was lower in the naloxone group than in the epinephrine group at T10 (5.15 vs. 10.5 mmol/L), T30 (2.57 vs. 5.24 mmol/L) and T60 (2.1 vs. 4.1 mmol/L). CONCLUSIONS: In this rat model of asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest, terlipressin and naloxone were effective vasopressors in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and presented better metabolic profiles than epinephrine. Terlipressin provided better hemodynamic stability than epinephrine.
Music dereverberation using harmonic structure source model and Wiener filter

This paper proposes a dereverberation method for musical audio signals. Existing dereverberation methods are designed for speech signals and are not necessarily effective for suppressing long and dense reverberation in musical audio signals because: 1) an all-pole model and a non-parametric model, which are used to represent source spectra, do not match musical tones, and 2) the conventional inverse-filter-based dereverberation is not effective for suppressing long and dense reverberation. To overcome the two problems, an appropriate dereverberation approach for musical audio signals is established. The first problem is resolved by using a harmonic Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to accurately model the harmonic structure of a source spectrum. The second problem is resolved by performing dereverberation with a Wiener filter based on both an estimated inverse filter and an estimated source spectrum model. Experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed dereverberation method using these two solutions.
Generalized Transition-based Dependency Parsing via Control Parameters

In this paper, we present a generalized transition-based parsing framework where parsers are instantiated in terms of a set of control parameters that constrain transitions between parser states. This generalization provides a uniﬁed framework to describe and compare various transition-based parsing approaches from both a theoretical and empirical perspective. This includes well-known transition systems, but also previously unstudied systems.
Targeting Neuroprotection Clinical Trials to Ischemic Stroke Patients With Potential to Benefit From Therapy

Background and Purpose— Clinical trials of neuroprotective drugs have had limited success. We investigated whether selecting patients according to prognostic features would improve the statistical power of a trial to identify an efficacious treatment. Methods— Using placebo data from the Glycine Antagonist in Neuroprotection (GAIN) International and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) clinical trials, we developed and validated simple prognostic models for stroke trial end points: Barthel Index ≥95, modified Rankin Scale ≤1, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≤1, and Glasgow Outcome Scale= 1. Using these models, we simulated 1000 clinical trials and estimated, under several hypothetical treatment effect patterns of neuroprotection, the effect on statistical power of including only patients with moderate prognosis. We calculated the number of patients that would have to be enrolled to maintain the statistical power achieved in selecting the whole trial population. Reanalysis of actual data from the NINDS rtPA trials confirmed the results independently. Results— Selecting patients with moderate prognosis (predicted probability of favorable outcome 0.2 to 0.8) enabled a sample size reduction, without loss of statistical power, of between 54.6% (51.3% to 57.6%) and 68.6% (66.0% to 71.1%), depending on the treatment effect pattern and outcome measure. These benefits were largely due to the exclusion of patients with poor prognosis. Conclusions— Targeting patients with potential to benefit enables a substantial sample size reduction without compromising statistical power or duration of recruitment. As part of a broader trial design strategy, informed use of prognostic data available acutely would help in identifying effective neuroprotective treatments.
Relative Generalized Rank Weight of Linear Codes and Its Applications to Network Coding

By extending the notion of minimum rank distance, this paper introduces two new relative code parameters of a linear code C1 of length n over a field extension Fqm and its subcode C2 ⊆ C1. One is called the relative dimension/intersection profile (RDIP), and the other is called the relative generalized rank weight (RGRW). We clarify their basic properties and the relation between the RGRW and the minimum rank distance. As applications of the RDIP and the RGRW, the security performance and the error correction capability of secure network coding, guaranteed independently of the underlying network code, are analyzed and clarified. We propose a construction of secure network coding scheme, and analyze its security performance and error correction capability as an example of applications of the RDIP and the RGRW. Silva and Kschischang showed the existence of a secure network coding in which no part of the secret message is revealed to the adversary even if any dim C1 -1 links are wiretapped, which is guaranteed over any underlying network code. However, the explicit construction of such a scheme remained an open problem. Our new construction is just one instance of secure network coding that solves this open problem.
Isolation from a human MDR lung cell line of multiple clonal subpopulations which exhibit significantly different drug resistance

The heterogeneous nature of an adriamycin‐selected human MDR squamous lung cell line, DLKP‐A, was investigated by isolating and characterising 9 of its clonal subpopulations. The DLKP‐A cell line exhibits resistance to the classical MDR drugs, overexpresses P‐glycoprotein and displays reduced topoisomerase II amounts. The clonal cell lines exhibit a wide range of resistance extents, with the most resistant clone displaying 9 times the extent of adriamycin resistance observed in the least resistant clone. A number of clones exhibit sensitivity to the concentration of adriamycin in which the parental cell line was selected, possibly indicating co‐operation between the more and less resistant cells. Detailed analysis of 4 of the clonal subpopulations revealed broadly similar drug resistance mechanisms. Alterations in expression of the MDR‐associated genes MDR1 and Topo IIα were observed, with no detectable changes in the expression of MDR3, MRP, GSTπ, Topo IIβ, Topo I and CYP1A1 noted. However, each clonal cell line displayed a distinct extent of expression of MDR1and Topo IIα and further characterisation of the clones indicated that other modes of drug resistance may exist in at least one of the cell lines. In particular, 2 of the clones (DLKPA6B and DLKPA11B) which have almost identical drug resistance profiles appear to have quite different mechanisms of resistance. The clonal subpopulations possess individual growth rates, amounts of adriamycin accumulation and susceptibility to toxicity‐enhancement by MDR‐modulating agents. It was possible to generate a cell line with a drug toxicity profile similar to DLKP‐A by mixing some of the clonal subpopulations. Our results provide evidence of heterogeneity within an MDR human cell population with respect to resistance and expression of MDR‐associated genes. Int. J. Cancer 71:907‐915, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
WYNER-ZIV CODING OF STEREO IMAGES WITH UNSUPERVISED LEARNING OF DISPARITY

Wyner-Ziv coding can exploit the similarity of stereo images without communication among the cameras. For good compression performance, the disparity among the images should be known at the decoder. Since the Wyner-Ziv encoder has access only to one image, the disparity must be inferred from the compressed bitstream. We develop an Expectation Maximization algorithm to perform unsupervised learning of disparity at the decoder. Our experiments with natural stereo images show that the unsupervised disparity learning algorithm outperforms a system which does no disparity compensation. It is also superior to conventional compression using JPEG.
Optimized Random Network Coding for Reliable Multicast Communications

In this letter, we propose two optimized multicast communication strategies based on the Network Coding principle which aim to significantly improve the performance in terms of the power cost and delivery delay associated to the transmission of the whole data flow. The proposed strategies are of special interest for service delivered in an unreliable mode. The reported numerical results clearly show that both the strategies achieve the aforementioned goals in comparison with the Random Linear Network Coding alternative.