Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability Analysis of Pipe and Filter Architecture Style

Architecture–based reliability analysis is necessary for a software application that is developed using the component–based software development paradigm. Prevalent architecture–based analysis techniques represent the application architecture by a Markov process, which may be adequate in the context of an application with a general– purpose architecture. The Markov process, however, is not adequate to represent the architecture of an application which follows a specific architecture style, and hence prevalent techniques cannot be used to analyze the reliability of such an application. In this paper we develop a reliability analysis methodology for an application which follows one such architecture style, namely, the pipe and filter architecture style. We consider two variants of the topological organization of the pipes and filters in an application. In the first variant the pipes and filters are organized into a linear topology, whereas the second variant consists of a linear topology with a feedback loop. The objective of the reliability analysis methodology is to develop an analytical function which expresses the overall application reliability in terms of the reliabilities of the pipes and filters, and the characteristics of the topological organization of the pipes and filters. We illustrate the potential of the methodology to obtain a reliability estimate as well as to facilitate sensitivity analysis for a Document Analysis and Understanding Application which follows the pipe and filter architecture style. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive effort to combine two mature, yet independent research areas, namely, software reliability analysis and software architecture.
Exploring Eye-Blink Startle Response as a Physiological Measure for Affective Computing

In affective computing, detection of stress and negative emotions with physiological measures typically employs well-known signals such as skin conductance, activity of cheeks and forehead muscles, heart rate or heart rate variability. However, psychophysiology experiments in the literature offer additional measures (such as eye-blink startle response) not yet exploited in affective computing applications. Procedures to elicit eye-blink startle responses are often based on acoustic stimuli, in particular short bursts of intense white noise. Unfortunately, following this approach in affective computing applications would not be natural, because the artificial white noise bursts would be intrusive sounds unrelated to the user experience. They would thus distract the user from the meaningful events in the application and user's (conscious or unconscious) attempts to relate those events to the artificial stimuli would be unsuccessful and frustrating, making the stimuli detrimental to the user experience. Our research aims at exploring if sounds that have a meaningful relation with the events in the application could be used as an alternative to white noise bursts. The study we present in this paper compares physiological responses of users of a 3D virtual environment in two conditions (measurement of eye-blink startle response to white noise or to an alternative sound that is related to the experience), showing that the two types of acoustic stimuli produce a similar intensity of startle response. This result suggests that eye-blink startle response could be used in natural ways to extend the set of physiological measures employed in affective computing.
Outlier Identification in Stereo Correspondences using Quadrics

Two images containing the same rigid object or scene are related according to the epipolar geometry. Using local image correspondences, the fundamental matrix describing the epipolar geometry can be estimated. Due to the presence of outliers in these correspondences, robust estimation methods need to be used for the computation of the fundamental matrix. The ratio of outliers among the correspondences largely determines the complexity of these robust estimators. We propose an algorithm that is able to decrease the effective outlier ratio under a minimal computational complexity. The algorithm is based on the evaluation of the correspondences’ positions with respect to a series of quadrics. It is generally applicable in the sense that it makes no assumptions about the cameras or imaged points. Experiments performed on both synthetic data and real images show the benefit of our approach.
Cognitive dysfunction, elevated anxiety, and reduced cocaine response in circadian clock-deficient cryptochrome knockout mice

The circadian clock comprises a set of genes involved in cell-autonomous transcriptional feedback loops that orchestrate the expression of a range of downstream genes, driving circadian patterns of behavior. Cognitive dysfunction, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse disorders have been associated with disruptions in circadian rhythm and circadian clock genes, but the causal relationship of these associations is still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigate the effect of genetic disruption of the circadian clock, through deletion of both paralogs of the core gene cryptochrome (Cry1 and Cry2). Mice lacking Cry1 and Cry2 (Cry1−/−Cry2−/−) displayed attenuated dark phase and novelty-induced locomotor activity. Moreover, they showed impaired recognition memory but intact fear memory. Depression-related behaviors in the forced swim test or sucrose preference tests were unaffected but Cry1−/−Cry2−/− mice displayed increased anxiety in the open field and elevated plus maze tests. Finally, hyperlocomotion and striatal phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) induced by a single cocaine administration are strongly reduced in Cry1−/−Cry2−/− mice. Interestingly, only some behavioral measures were affected in mice lacking either Cry1 or Cry2. Notably, recognition memory was impaired in both Cry1−/−Cry2+/+ and Cry1+/+Cry2−/− mice. Moreover, we further observed elevated anxiety in Cry1−/−Cry2+/+ and Cry1+/+Cry2−/− mice. Our data indicate that beyond their role in the control of circadian rhythm, cryptochrome genes have a direct influence in cognitive function, anxiety-related behaviors and sensitivity to psychostimulant drugs.
Modeling Population Dynamics with Cellular Automata

When predicting changes in plant populations, spatial interactions must be considered. Cellular automata are models incorporating both spatial and temporal dynamics. Vegetation data were sampled on a meadow over three years using the point-quadrat method and population dynamics of three single species were modeled with a cellular automaton using stochastic decision rules. Links with the theory of Markov chains are briefly discussed.
Spirituality and Health: A Middle Eastern Perspective

Previous spirituality studies have mostly been conducted in a Western context (Moberg 2002; Koenig et al. 2012). However, an increasing number of studies are originating from Middle Eastern countries (Koenig et al. 2012). There is a need to review the current status of Middle Eastern research to identify priorities for future research. A search was conducted in two electronic databases: CINAHL and Medline. A final sample of 28 articles was included in the review. Eighteen articles reported on quantitative studies and ten reported on qualitative studies. The majority of previous research has been conducted in Iran (n = 16) and Jordan (n = 6). A total of 3096 participants were included in the studies ranging from 2004 to 2017. Two studies were randomised controlled trials. Most of the qualitative studies aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the concept of spirituality from a Muslim-Arabic perspective. Qualitative findings have conceptualised spirituality as meaning in life, connection, peace and transcendence. In conclusion, there are both differences and similarities between Middle Eastern and Western research on spiritualty and health. Further exploration is warranted to include comparative studies between patient and nurse populations in Western societies and in the Middle East.
Does Further Education in Adulthood Improve Physical and Mental Health among Australian Women? A Longitudinal Study

Objective We analyzed whether further education in young adult and mid-life [adult educational mobility] influences physical functioning and depressive symptoms in women. Methods 14247 women born 1973–78 (younger cohort) and 13715 women born 1946–51 (mid-aged cohort) from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health were followed for 14–16 years. Measures were the Short-Form 36 Health Survey physical functioning subscale (SF-36 PF) and Centre for Epidemiologic Studies 10-item Depression Scale (CESD-10). Linear mixed modelling, accounting for time varying covariates, assessed the influence of further education on physical functioning and depressive symptoms over time. Sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of missing data was conducted using multiple imputation. Results Compared to younger women with a pre-existing high level of education, women gaining further education (up to age 39 years) from low levels had lower SF-36 PF scores (poorer physical functioning) (fully adjusted beta estimates (95%CIs) -1.52 (-2.59, -0.44)) while those gaining further education from middle to high levels showed equivalent SF-36 PF scores (-0.08 (-0.61, 0.44)). A similar pattern was shown for CESD-10 scores (0.78 (0.29, 1.25); -0.02 (-0.26, 0.21), respectively) where higher scores represented more depressive symptoms. For mid-age women, further education from a middle to high level resulted in equivalent SF-36 PF scores (-0.61 (-1.93,0.71)) but higher CESD-10 scores (0.49 (0.11, 0.86)), compared to highly educated women. Conclusion Women who delay further education until they are aged between their 40s and 60s can improve or maintain their physical functioning but may have missed the critical time to minimise depressive symptomatology. Public health policy should focus on encouraging women to upgrade their educational qualifications earlier in life in order to potentially offset the negative associations between their initial lower socio-economic position class of origin and their mental health.
Theory of Mind: Specialized capacity or emergent property?

Theory of Mind (ToM), the cognitive capacity to attribute emotions, intentions and knowledge to oneself and others, has been claimed a hallmark of human cognition. Nonetheless, ToM is considered limited in young children and people with autism. Moreover, its presence in animals is much investigated, and hotly debated. For cross-disciplinary discussions and real insight in this unique capacity it is essential to know what constitutes ToM. We aim to tackle this question by combining insights from three different scientific fields that study ToM: animal behaviour, typical child development and developmental disorders such as autism and AD/HD. In this introductory paper, we will first discuss different theoretical views of ToM: that it can be considered a specialized capacity or an emergent property. Essential features of these views will be deduced and predictions will be derived. Subsequently, we review how ToM is studied in the three discussed fields and how this relates to these theoretical views. After that we will review the contributions to this special issue and discuss how they relate to the different predictions. Last, we will combine the evidence and propose our view on what constitutes ToM. The data are more consistent with the view that ToM is an emergent capacity. The employment of ToM appears to depend on the functioning of its constituting capacities, represented mental states and context factors. A focus on the ingredients that contribute to and allow the expression and employment of ToM will enable us to start understanding when and how individuals, whether human or non-human, deal with the minds of others.
From system goals to intruder anti-goals: attack generation and resolution for security requirements engineering

Caring for security at requirements engineering time is a message that has finally received some attention recently. However, it is not yet very clear how to achieve this systematically through the various stages of the requirements engineering process. We briefly introduce some of the requirements such a process should meet for high assurance to be provided from the resulting requirements product. A constructive approach to security requirements elicitation, modeling and analysis is then outlined as an attempt to address such meta-requirements. The approach is based on a framework we developed before for generating and resolving obstacles to requirements achievement. Our framework integrates intentional obstacles (or "anti- goals") set up by attackers to break security goals. Attack trees are derived systematically through anti-goal refinement until leaf nodes are reached that are software vulnerabilities observable by the attacker or anti- requirements implementable by this attacker. New security requirements are derived by resolution of the attack trees generated thereby.
Extending FrameNet to Machine Learning Domain

In recent years, several ontological resources have been proposed to model machine learning domain. However, they do not provide a direct link to linguistic data. In this paper, we propose a linguistic resource, a set of several semantic frames with associated annotated initial corpus in machine learning domain, we coined MLFrameNet. We have bootstrapped the process of (manual) frame creation by text mining on the set of 1293 articles from the Machine Learning Journal from about 100 volumes of the journal. It allowed us to find frequent occurences of words and bigrams serving as candidates for lexical units and frame elements. We bridge the gap between linguistics analysis and formal ontologies by typing the frame elements with semantic types from the DMOP domain ontology. The resulting resource is aimed to facilitate tasks such as knowledge extraction, question answering, summarization etc. in machine learning domain.
LOCAL AND GLOBAL INVARIANTS OF LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL-ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS AND THEIR RELATION

We study local and global invariants of linear dierential-algebraic equations with variable coecients and their relation. In particular, we discuss the connection between dierent approaches to the analysis of such equations and the associated indices, which are the dierentiation index and the strangeness index. This leads to a new proof of an existence and uniqueness theorem as well as to an adequate numerical algorithm for the solution of linear dierential-algebraic equations.
An Approximate Dynamic Programming Approach to Repeated Games with Vector Losses

A seminal study showed repeated games with vector payoffs, which has had wide-ranging applications to decision making under uncertainty. Although this study characterized the achievable guarantees in such games under the long-run average payoff criterion, the characterization and computation of these guarantees under the discounted payoff criterion have remained a significant gap in the literature. In “An Approximate Dynamic Programming Approach to Repeated Games with Vector Losses,” V. Kamble, P. Loiseau, and J. Walrand develop a set-valued dynamic programming approach along with an approximation framework to fully address this problem. This theory results in new algorithms that beat the state of the art for applications such as exact regret minimization in the well-known problem of prediction under expert advice.
Risk factors for arterial and venous thrombosis in WHO-defined essential thrombocythemia: an international study of 891 patients.

In an international collaborative study, a central histologic review identified 891 patients with essential thrombocythemia, strictly defined by World Health Organization criteria. After a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 109 (12%) patients experienced arterial (n = 79) or venous (n = 37) thrombosis. In multivariable analysis, predictors of arterial thrombosis included age more than 60 years (P = .03; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.7), thrombosis history (P = .003; HR = 2.1), cardiovascular risk factors including tobacco use, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus (P = .007; HR = 1.9), leukocytosis (> 11 × 10(9)/L; P = . 04; HR = 1.7), and presence of JAK2V617F (P = .009; HR = 2.6). In contrast, only male gender predicted venous thrombosis. Platelet count more than 1000 × 10(9)/L was associated with a lower risk of arterial thrombosis (P = .007; HR = 0.4). These associations, except the one with leukocytosis, remained significant (or near significant) when analysis was restricted to JAK2V617F-positive cases. The current study clarifies the contribution of specific disease and host characteristics to the risk of arterial versus venous thrombosis in essential thrombocythemia.
Control and Protection of a DFIG-Based Wind Turbine under Unbalanced Grid Voltage Dips

This paper proposes a new direct power control (DPC) strategy and a novel crowbar protection technique for the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used in the wind power generation systems. The main difficulty for a DFIG to ride through severe unbalanced grid voltage dips is the large transient currents induced in the rotor windings, which may damage the ac excitation converter. The proposed DPC is capable of suppressing the transient oscillations of fault currents and electromagnetic torque. The crowbar protection is able to limit the peak values of the fault rotor currents under a preset threshold. Simulation results of a 2MW DFIG system prove that with this control scheme the DFIG is capable of riding through the severe unbalanced grid voltage dips.
Micromechanics of actuation of ionic polymer-metal composites

Ionic polymer-metal composites ~IPMCs! consist of a polyelectrolyte membrane ~usually, Nafion or Flemion! plated on both faces by a noble metal, and is neutralized with certain counter ions that balance the electrical charge of the anions covalently fixed to the backbone membrane. In the hydrated state~or in the presence of other suitable solvents ! , he composite is a soft actuator and sensor. Its coupled electrical-chemical-mechanical response depends on: ~1! the chemical composition and structure of the backbone ionic polymer; ~2! the morphology of the metal electrodes;~3! the nature of the cations; and ~4! the level of hydration~solvent saturation ! A systematic experimental evaluation of the mechanical response of both metal-plated and bare Nafion and Flemion in various cation forms and various water saturation levels has been performed in the author’s laboratories at the University of California, San Diego. By examining the measured stiffness of the Nafion-based composites and the corresponding bare Nafion, under a variety of conditions, I have sought to develop relations between internal forces and the resulting stiffness and deformation of this class of IPMCs. Based on these and through a comparative study of the effects of various cations on the material’s stiffness and response, I have attempted to identify potential micromechanisms responsible for the observed electromechanical behavior of these materials, model them, and compare the model results with experimental data. A summary of these developments is given in the present work. First, a micromechanical model for the calculation of the Young modulus of the bare Nafion or Flemion in various ion forms and water saturation levels is given. Second, the bare-polymer model is modified to include the effect of the metal plating, and the results are applied to calculate the stiffness of the corresponding IPMCs, as a function of the solvent uptake. Finally, guided by the stiffness modeling and data, the actuation of the Nafion-based IPMCs is micromechanically modeled. Examples of the model results are presented and compared with the measured data. ©2002 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1495888 #
TEACHING SPEAKING BY USING TALKING STICK TECHNIQUE FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Speaking is one of the four elements of language that is very important to master in order to support a person's ability to speak. Talking is the process of conveying an idea and information orally to the opponent. In Indonesia, English has been taught since Elementary level up to University level. However, not many students are able to speak English fluently. This paper is discussing about one technique that can help teacher in teaching speaking in more enjoyable way at classroom. The technique that will be discussed is Talking Stick Technique . The technique uses a wooden stick as a sign for whom who may speak.
In-domain versus out-of-domain training for text-dependent JFA

We propose a simple and effective strategy to cope with dataset shifts in text-dependent speaker recognition based on Joint Factor Analysis (JFA). We have previously shown how to compensate for lexical variation in text-dependent JFA by adapting the Universal Background Model (UBM) to individual passphrases. A similar type of adaptation can be used to port a JFA model trained on out-of-domain data to a given text-dependent task domain. On the RSR2015 test set we found that this type of adaptation gave essentially the same results as in-domain JFA training. To explore this idea more fully, we experimented with several types of JFA model on the CSLU speaker recognition dataset. Taking a suitably configured JFA model trained on NIST data and adapting it in the proposed way results in a 22% reduction in error rates compared with the GMM/UBM benchmark. Error rates are still much higher than those that can be achieved on the RSR2015 test set with the same strategy but cheating experiments suggest that if large amounts of in-domain training data are available, then JFA modelling is capable in principle of achieving very low error rates even on hard tasks such as CSLU.
Programming process visualizer: a proposal of the tool for students to observe their programming process

We have developed a tool that enables learners to observe the process by which they program through visualization of data that are recorded in the source code editor. One purpose of the tool is to assist learners by using the Personal Software Process (PSP) to allow them to analyze the process by which they program by using the tool after completing a programming task. The proposed tool has functions for A) replaying a process using animation; B) automatic calculation of metrics; C) support for inputting subtasks; and D) process analysis report generation. An evaluation experiment was conducted with participants from the second-level introductory programming course at our university. The results were that 1) the accuracy of effort estimation dropped, although we clearly found that the reason for the drop was the difficulty of the second assignment; 2) according to a questionnaire, students reported both the effectiveness of the observation task and the effectiveness of the tool; and 3) there was large differences between students in terms of the description level of subtasks.
Structural conditions for perturbation analysis of queueing systems

Intimtesirnal perturbation analysis is a technique for estimating derivatives of performance indices from simulation or observation of discrete event systems. Such derivative estimates are useful in performing optimization and sensitivity analysis through simulation. A general formulation of finite-horizon perturbation analysls derivative estimates is given, and then sufficient conditions for their use is presented with a variety of queuing systems. In particular, the effect of such features is investigated as multiple customer classes, state-dependent routing, finite buffers and complex queuing disciplines. In several cases. our conditions impose restrictions on the topology of a network; m all cases, the conditions are easy to check. The results contained here are obtained by specializing conditions estabhshed in a general framework in earlier work, and should serve as a practical guide for possible applications of perturbation analysis.