Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Query-focused multidocument summarization based on hybrid relevance analysis and surface feature salience

Query-focused multidocument summarization is to synthesize from a set of topic-related documents a brief, well-organized, fluent summary for the purpose of answering an information need that cannot be met by just stating a name, date, quantity, etc. In this paper, the task is essentially treated as a sentence retrieval task. We propose a hybrid relevance analysis to evaluate the relevance of a sentence to the query. This is achieved by combining similarities computed from the vector space model and latent semantic analysis. Surface features are also examined to discern the impact of low-level features for query-focused multidocument summarization. In addition, a modified Maximal Marginal Relevance is proposed to reduce redundancy by taking into account shallow feature salience. The experimental results show the proposed method obtained competitive results when evaluated with the DUC 2005 corpus.
The Association of Dynamin with Synaptophysin Regulates Quantal Size and Duration of Exocytotic Events in Chromaffin Cells

Although synaptophysin is one of the most abundant integral proteins of synaptic vesicle membranes, its contribution to neurotransmitter release remains unclear. One possibility is that through its association with dynamin it controls the fine tuning of transmitter release. To test this hypothesis, we took advantage of amperometric measurements of quantal catecholamine release from chromaffin cells. First, we showed that synaptophysin and dynamin interact in chromaffin granule-rich fractions and that this interaction relies on the C terminal of synaptophysin. Experimental maneuvers that are predicted to disrupt the association between these two proteins, such as injection of antibodies against dynamin or synaptophysin, or peptides homologous to the C terminal of synaptophysin, increased the quantal size and duration of amperometric spikes. In contrast, the amperometric current that precedes the spike remained unchanged, indicating that synaptophysin/dynamin association does not regulate the initial fusion pore, but it appears to target a later step of exocytosis to control the amount of catecholamines released during a single vesicle fusion event.
Knotting of Duodopa® duodenal infusion system.

The continuous infusion of Duodopa (levodopa + carbidopa gel) is an alternative to conventional oral therapy in patients with advanced Parkinson ́s disease (1), because this new treatment has shown a better control of motor fluctuations and a reduction of dyskinesias (2,3). The infusion system has a Duodopa portable container connected to a duodenal tube placed through a gastrostomy tube. We report on 2 patients with advanced Parkinson ́s disease treated with Duodopa infusion and a knot found in the duodenal tube.
Manifold Piecewise Constant Systems and Chaos

SUMMARY We propose manifold piecewise constant systems (ab. MPC) and consider basic phenomena: the 2-D, 3-D and 4-DMPCs exhibit limit-cycle, line-expanding chaos and areaexpanding chaos, respectively. The righthand side of the state equation is piecewise-constant, hence the system dynamics can be simplified into a piecewise-linear return map which can be expressed explicitly. In order to analyze the piecewise-linear return map, we introduce an evaluation function for the piecewise-linear return map and give theoretical evidence for chaos generation. Also the chaotic behaviors are demonstrated in the laboratory.
Swedish Communicative Development Inventory III

A revised form of MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory III (SCDI-III) was presented designed for Swedish speaking children aged 2 years 6 months–4 years 0 months with the objective to give a proxy measure of their language competence. The instrument contains a vocabulary checklist with 100 words, mainly predicates, from four areas; Food words, Body words, Mental words and Emotion words. Two sections assess the child’s grammar skills and a final section appraises the child’s metalinguistic awareness. Assessments from 1,134 parents are reported. Scales with adequate psychometric properties were formed for each section. Monthly median values and spread of score distributions are presented for each scale. Girls scored higher than boys on all scales. The revision, sampling procedures, demographic variables and issues of reliability and validity, are discussed. The general structure of the instrument can well be integrated in similar instruments designed for other languages and cultures.
A large-tumor-antigen-specific monoclonal antibody inhibits DNA replication of simian virus 40 minichromosomes in an in vitro elongation system

In productively infected cells, a fraction of large-tumor antigen (T antigen) is tightly bound to replicating simian virus 40 (SV40) minichromosomes and does not dissociate at salt concentrations of greater than 1 M NaCl. We present electronmicrograms demonstrating the presence of T antigen on the replicated sections of replicating SV40 minichromosomes. We also show that the fraction of tightly bound T antigen is recognized by antibodies from mouse tumor serum and, more specifically, by a particular T-antigen-specific monoclonal antibody, PAb 1630. A second T-antigen-specific monoclonal antibody, PAb 101, does not react with the T-antigen fraction remaining on replicating SV40 chromatin at high salt concentrations. We used an in vitro replication system which allows, via semiconservative DNA replication, the completion of in vivo-initiated replicative intermediate DNA molecules. We show that monoclonal antibody PAb 1630, but not monoclonal antibody PAb 101, inhibits viral DNA replication. We discuss the possibility that SV40 T antigen may play a role in chain elongation during SV40 chromatin replication.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope gp120 is cleaved after incubation with recombinant soluble CD4

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infects human CD4+ cells by a high-affinity interaction between its envelope glycoprotein gp120 and the CD4 molecule on the cell surface. Subsequent virus entry into the cells involves other steps, one of which could be cleavage of the gp120 followed by virus-cell fusion. The envelope gp120 is highly variable among different HIV-1 isolates, but conserved amino acid sequence motifs that contain potential proteolytic cleavage sites can be found. Following incubation with a soluble form of CD4, we demonstrate that gp120 of highly purified HIV-1 preparations is, without addition of exogenous proteinase, cleaved most likely in the V3 loop, yielding two proteins of 50 and 70 kDa. The extent of gp120 proteolysis is HIV-1 strain dependent and correlates with the recombinant soluble CD4 sensitivity to neutralization of the particular strain. The origin of the proteolytic activity in the virus preparations remains unclear. The results support the hypothesis that cleavage of gp120 is required for HIV infection of cells.
Requirements Engineering for Survivable Systems

vii 1 Background 1 1.1 Definition of Requirements Engineering 1 1.2 Typical Requirements Engineering Activities 2 1.3 The Role of Requirements Management 2 2 Requirements for Survivable Systems 5 2.1 Survivable Systems Definition 5 2.2 Survivability Requirements 6 2.2.1 System/Survivability Requirements 7 2.2.2 Usage/Intrusion Requirements 9 2.2.3 Development Requirements 9 2.2.4 Operations Requirements 10 2.2.5 Evolution Requirements 10 2.3 Requirements Definition for Essential Services 10 2.4 Requirements Definition for Survivability Services 11 2.4. 1 Resistance Service Requirements 11 2.4. 2 Recognition Service Requirements 12 2.4. 3 Recovery Service Requirements 12 2.5 Summary 13 3 Methods and Practices that Support Requirements Engineering for Survivable Systems 14 3.1 Some existing methods and practices 14 3.1.1 Misuse and Abuse Cases 14 3.1.2 Formal Methods 16 3.1.3 Use of Trees for Modeling and Analysis 17 3.1. 4 Software Cost Reduction 21 3.1. 5 Requirements Reuse 23 3.1. 6 Risk Analysis 23 3.1. 7 Examples of Security Requirements 25 3.2 Selection of Promising Methods and Practices for Security and Survivability Requirements Engineering 25
Cervicovaginal Inflammatory Cytokines and Sphingomyelinase in Women With and Without Bacterial Vaginosis

Introduction: The objective is to analyze proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin-1&bgr; (IL-1&bgr;), interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-&agr;] and sphingomyelinase in women with bacterial vaginosis (BV), cervicitis and vaginitis. Methods: From January 2009 to June 2010, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative, nonpregnant, married women, living with husband, aged 20 to 40 years were recruited from a slum at Hyderabad, India, after taking written consent. One hundred forty-six women including 61 women with BV, 47 women with intermediate flora and 38 women with normal vaginal flora were evaluated for local proinflammatory cytokines and sphingomyelinase. Cervicitis and vaginitis were also analyzed by scoring white blood cells in the cervix and vaginal smears, respectively. Results: Of the 146 women, 50.7% had cervicitis and 19.5% had vaginitis. IL-1&bgr;, tumor necrosis factor-&agr; and interleukin-6 levels were significantly high in women with cervicitis (P < 0.001) and vaginitis (P < 0.001) and IL-1&bgr; in BV (P < 0.005), intermediate flora (P < 0.05) when compared with normal women. High vaginal pH was associated with IL-1&bgr;. Neutral sphingomelinase showed an inverse association (P < 0.05) with cervicitis. Acid sphingomelinase directly correlated with IL-1&bgr; although not significantly. Conclusions: This study shows proinflammatory response not only in BV but also in women with vaginitis and cervicitis. These conditions are likely to be important in promoting the transmission of HIV-1 and should be the focus of HIV prevention strategies.
The clutch: two-handed mobile multi-touch 3D object translation and manipulation

Nowadays, handheld devices such as smartphones provide users with multi-touch input screens. Displaying interactive and touch-enabled 3D environments in such handheld devices has become popular in different applications like games or virtual reality. Technologies such as Web3D and WebGL have made the creation and display of 3D environments in mobile devices easier than ever. However, object manipulation techniques are not as well developed. For example, moving an object within the 3D environment or other similar object-specific manipulations are neither intuitive nor easy to perform. Current manipulation techniques like Gizmo that are successful in systems that use mouse and keyboard are not designed for and do not work well for multi-touch handheld devices. In this paper, we present a novel technique to perform object manipulation in 6DOF in multi-touch screens. Our performance evaluations show that our technique compared to existing techniques such as Gizmo improves task completion time by 63% while increasing task precision by 52%.
Self organizing localization algorithm for large scale Underwater Sensor Network

Autonomous Under Water Sensor Networks UWSNs form distributed amorphous computing environments. Efficient resolution for an unreachable UWSN which includes failure-prone nodes will require strategies that are as simple as possible in computations and local communications, to facilitate self-organization. In this paper, we propose a self organizing localization algorithm for localization in distributed UWSN. Unlike in terrestrial positioning, Global Positioning System GPS do not work efficiently for underwater scenario. Also available localization schemes are not well suited for deep underwater. We propose an efficient localization technique for underwater which also eliminates errors encountered during localization process. The proposed localization algorithm and localization method which works for terrestrial and underwater is extensively simulated. The results show that our proposed localization technique performs better.
Diagnostic Applications of Nucleic Acid Circuits

Conspectus While the field of DNA computing and molecular programming was engendered in large measure as a curiosity-driven exercise, it has taken on increasing importance for analytical applications. This is in large measure because of the modularity of DNA circuitry, which can serve as a programmable intermediate between inputs and outputs. These qualities may make nucleic acid circuits useful for making decisions relevant to diagnostic applications. This is especially true given that nucleic acid circuits can potentially directly interact with and be triggered by diagnostic nucleic acids and other analytes. Chemists are, by and large, unaware of many of these advances, and this Account provides a means of touching on what might seem to be an arcane field. We begin by explaining nucleic acid amplification reactions that can lead to signal amplification, such as catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and the hybridization chain reaction (HCR). In these circuits, a single-stranded input acts on kinetically trapped substrates via exposed toeholds and strand exchange reactions, refolding the substrates and allowing them to interact with one another. As multiple duplexes (CHA) or concatemers of increasing length (HCR) are generated, there are opportunities to couple these outputs to different analytical modalities, including transduction to fluorescent, electrochemical, and colorimetric signals. Because both amplification and transduction are at their root dependent on the programmability of Waston–Crick base pairing, nucleic acid circuits can be much more readily tuned and adapted to new applications than can many other biomolecular amplifiers. As an example, robust methods for real-time monitoring of isothermal amplification reactions have been developed recently. Beyond amplification, nucleic acid circuits can include logic gates and thresholding components that allow them to be used for analysis and decision making. Scalable and complex DNA circuits (seesaw gates) capable of carrying out operations such as taking square roots or implementing neural networks capable of learning have now been constructed. Into the future, we can expect that molecular circuitry will be designed to make decisions on the fly that reconfigure diagnostic devices or lead to new treatment options.
Expressions of Multiple Neuronal Dynamics during Sensorimotor Learning in the Motor Cortex of Behaving Monkeys

Previous studies support the notion that sensorimotor learning involves multiple processes. We investigated the neuronal basis of these processes by recording single-unit activity in motor cortex of non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis), during adaptation to force-field perturbations. Perturbed trials (reaching to one direction) were practiced along with unperturbed trials (to other directions). The number of perturbed trials relative to the unperturbed ones was either low or high, in two separate practice schedules. Unsurprisingly, practice under high-rate resulted in faster learning with more pronounced generalization, as compared to the low-rate practice. However, generalization and retention of behavioral and neuronal effects following practice in high-rate were less stable; namely, the faster learning was forgotten faster. We examined two subgroups of cells and showed that, during learning, the changes in firing-rate in one subgroup depended on the number of practiced trials, but not on time. In contrast, changes in the second subgroup depended on time and practice; the changes in firing-rate, following the same number of perturbed trials, were larger under high-rate than low-rate learning. After learning, the neuronal changes gradually decayed. In the first subgroup, the decay pace did not depend on the practice rate, whereas in the second subgroup, the decay pace was greater following high-rate practice. This group shows neuronal representation that mirrors the behavioral performance, evolving faster but also decaying faster at learning under high-rate, as compared to low-rate. The results suggest that the stability of a new learned skill and its neuronal representation are affected by the acquisition schedule.
Compact Tensor Pooling for Visual Question Answering

Performing high level cognitive tasks requires the integration of feature maps with drastically different structure. In Visual Question Answering (VQA) image descriptors have spatial structures, while lexical inputs inherently follow a temporal sequence. The recently proposed Multimodal Compact Bilinear pooling (MCB) forms the outer products, via count-sketch approximation, of the visual and textual representation at each spatial location. While this procedure preserves spatial information locally, outer-products are taken independently for each fiber of the activation tensor, and therefore do not include spatial context. In this work, we introduce multi-dimensional sketch ({MD-sketch}), a novel extension of count-sketch to tensors. Using this new formulation, we propose Multimodal Compact Tensor Pooling (MCT) to fully exploit the global spatial context during bilinear pooling operations. Contrarily to MCB, our approach preserves spatial context by directly convolving the MD-sketch from the visual tensor features with the text vector feature using higher order FFT. Furthermore we apply MCT incrementally at each step of the question embedding and accumulate the multi-modal vectors with a second LSTM layer before the final answer is chosen.
Incidence and Outcomes of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans in the US Pediatric Population

Background: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a low-grade soft tissue sarcoma. In the pediatric population, DFSP is exceedingly rare. Aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology and clinical outcomes in a large pediatric cohort. Methods: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1973–2010) was analyzed for all patients with dermatofibrosarcoma occurring in patients <20 years of age. Data were extracted based on age, gender, race, anatomic site, histology, stage, treatment modalities, and survival. Incidence rates were standardized to the 2000 US population. Results: A total of 451 patients were identified. Overall annual incidence was 0.10 per 100,000. Incidence was highest among black children and adolescents (ages 15 to 19 years). Trunk was most common site, followed by extremities. Head and neck region was least common site (P < 0.05). Majority (54%) of patients presented with localized disease. Overall, 95% underwent surgery. Only 2.2% were treated with perioperative radiation therapy. Overall prognosis was favorable with 5-year overall survival (OS) of 100%, 15-year OS of 98%, and 30-year OS of 97%. Median survival was 117 months. Male patients had lower 15- and 30-year OS compared with females (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Pediatric DFSP has lower incidence but similar clinical characteristics to adults. Incidence is higher in black children and in the trunk region. While prognosis is favorable, male sex is associated with decreased OS.
Short‐term synaptic plasticity at the main and vomeronasal olfactory receptor to mitral cell synapse in frog

Synaptic responses resulting from stimulation of the main olfactory and vomeronasal (VN) nerves were measured in main and accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) of frog, Rana pipiens, to test the hypothesis that properties of these synapses would reflect the distinct differences in the time course of odour delivery to each of these olfactory structures. Paired‐pulse depression dominated responses to repetitive stimulation of the main olfactory nerve for interstimulus intervals (ISI) up to several seconds. Inhibition of voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels by GABAb receptors contributes significantly to this inhibition of transmitter release, particularly for ISI > 0.5 s. In contrast, the monosynaptic connection between VN sensory neurons and mitral cells in the AOB showed enhancement with pairs or short trains of stimuli for ISI of 0.5 to > 10 s. A small inhibitory effect of GABAb receptors on presynaptic Ca2+ influx and release was only evident when a large proportion of the VN axons were stimulated simultaneously but even with inhibition present an overall enhancement of release was observed. Increasing the number of conditioning stimuli from one to five increased residual [Ca2+] and enhancement but a direct correlation between residual [Ca2+] and either the magnitude or the time course of enhancement was not observed. Enhanced transmitter release from VN afferent terminals results in effective integration of sustained low‐frequency activity, which may play a role in the detection of low‐intensity odourant stimuli by the VN system.
A blind segmentation approach to acoustic event detection based on i-vector

We propose a new blind segmentation approach to acoustic event detection (AED) based on i-vectors. Conventional approaches to AED often required well-segmented data with non-overlapping boundaries for competing events. Inspired by block-based automatic image annotation in image retrieval tasks, we blindly segment audio streams into equal-length pieces, label the underlying observed acoustic events with multiple categories and with no event boundary information, extract i-vector for them, and perform classification using support vector machine and maximal figure-of-merit based classifiers. Experiments on various sets of audio data show promising results with an average of 8% absolute gain in F1 over the conventional hidden Markov model based approach. An enhanced robustness at different noise levels is also observed. The key to the success lies in the enhanced discrimination power offered by the i-vector representation of the acoustic data. Index Terms: acoustic event detection, i-vector, blind segmentation, support vector machine, maximal figure-of-merit
MODELS OF LINK CAPACITY DISTRIBUTION IN ISP'S ROUTER-LEVEL TOPOLOGY

Modeling the Internet is vital for network researches. Recent measurement studies on the Internet topology show that the degree distribution obeys the power-law distribution. However, only the degree distribution does not determine the performance of network control methods. As previous studies have shown, one of important factors to characterize the performance of network control methods in the Internet is a structure of topologies. However, other characteristics, which are even more important, are link capacities and node processing capacities of the network because these characteristics are particular to communication networks. In this paper, we investigate how to model the link capacity in the router-level topologies. We first reveal that the link capacity distribution of ISP’s backbone network in Japan obeys a power-law with exponent -1.1. To clarify the reason for the link capacity distribution, we evaluate throughput of networks having various kinds of link capacity distributions. Our numerical results show that the network with power-law link capacity distribution can accommodate much more traffic than the network with exponential distributions of link capacities.
A Cache Reconfiguration Approach for Saving Leakage and Refresh Energy in Embedded DRAM Caches

In recent years, the size and leakage energy consumption of large last level caches (LLCs) has increased. To address this, embedded DRAM (eDRAM) caches have been considered which have lower leakage energy consumption; however eDRAM caches consume a significant amount of energy in the form of refresh energy. In this paper, we present a technique for saving both leakage and refresh energy in eDRAM caches. We use dynamic cache reconfiguration approach to intelligently turn-off part of the cache to save leakage energy and refresh only valid data of the active (i.e. not turned-off) cache to save refresh energy. We evaluate our technique using an x86-64 simulator and SPEC2006 benchmarks and compare it with a recently proposed technique for saving refresh energy, named Refrint. The experiments have shown that our technique provides better performance and energy efficiency than Refrint. Using our technique, for a 2MB LLC and 40 micro-seconds eDRAM refresh period, the average saving in energy over eDRAM baseline (which periodically refreshes all cache lines) is 22.8%.