Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Extract of Chinpi, the Dried Peel of the Citrus Fruit Unshiu, Enhances Axonal Remyelination via Promoting the Proliferation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells

The aging-induced decrease in axonal myelination/remyelination is due to impaired recruitment and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Our previous studies have shown that a monoclonal antibody to DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 54 (Ddx54), a member of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases, (1) specifically labels oligodendrocyte lineages, (2) binds to mRNA and protein isoforms of myelin basic proteins (MBP), and (3) regulates migration of OPCs from ventricular zone to corpus callosum in mice. It has also been demonstrated that specific loss of a 21.5 kDa MBP isoform (MBP21.5) reflects demyelination status, and oral administration of an extract of Chinpi, citrus unshiu peel, reversed the aging-induced demyelination. Here, we report that Chinpi treatment induced a specific increase in the MBP21.5, led to the reappearance of Ddx54-expressing cells in ventricular-subventricular zone and corpus callosum of aged mice, and promoted remyelination. Treatment of in vitro OPC cultures with Chinpi constituents, hesperidin plus narirutin, led to an increase in 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation in Ddx54-expressing OPCs, but not in NG2- or Olig2-expressing cell populations. The present study suggests that Ddx54 plays crucial role in remyelination. Furthermore, Chinpi and Chinpi-containing herbal medicines may be a therapeutic option for the aging-induced demyelination diseases.
Cysteine-Generated Sul fi de in the Cytosol Negatively Regulates Autophagy and Modulates the Transcriptional Pro fi le in Arabidopsis

In Arabidopsis thaliana, DES1 is the only identified L-Cysteine desulfhydrase located in the cytosol, and it is involved in the degradation of cysteine and the concomitant production of H2S in this cell compartment. Detailed characterization of the T-DNA insertion mutants des1-1 and des1-2 has provided insight into the role of sulfide metabolically generated in the cytosol as a signaling molecule. Mutations of L-CYS DESULFHYDRASE 1 (DES1) impede H2S generation in the Arabidopsis cytosol and strongly affect plant metabolism. Senescence-associated vacuoles are detected in mesophyll protoplasts of des1 mutants. Additionally, DES1 deficiency promotes the accumulation and lipidation of the ATG8 protein, which is associated with the process of autophagy. The transcriptional profile of the des1-1mutant corresponds to its premature senescence and autophagy-induction phenotypes, and restoring H2S generation has been shown to eliminate the phenotypic defects of des1 mutants. Moreover, sulfide is able to reverse ATG8 accumulation and lipidation, even in wild-type plants when autophagy is induced by carbon starvation, suggesting a general effect of sulfide on autophagy regulation that is unrelated to sulfur or nitrogen limitation stress. Our results suggest that cysteine-generated sulfide in the cytosol negatively regulates autophagy and modulates the transcriptional profile of Arabidopsis.
Analysis of population dynamics using satellite remote sensing and US census data

The population dynamics from 1991 to 2006 for the seven-county Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (TCMA), Minnesota, USA, was analysed in this study. Per cent impervious surface areas (%ISA) for 1991, 1999 and 2006 were derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images and were modified using two different masking methods. The modified %ISA images of 1991 and 1999 were correlated with 1990 and 2000 census block group data of the ‘two highly developed counties’, ‘five suburban counties’ and ‘all seven counties. ’ Populations of both years were then modelled, assessed and compared. Next, the statistical models based on the 1999 %ISA and 2000 census data were applied to the 2006 residential %ISA image to estimate the 2006 population. These 2006 estimates were compared with census county-level population projections for 2006. In comparison to Method A, which uses ‘adjusted %ISA images’ by masking out highway centrelines and areas that have greater than 75% imperviousness, Method B based on ‘pure residential %ISA image’ has higher coefficient of determination (R 2) and much lower, consistent mean absolute relative errors (MARE). For both methods, the strongest R 2 and lowest MARE values between modelled population density and true density were found in the five-county model, followed by the seven-county model. The two-county model ranks last in terms of model performance for both years. In general, populations for the two highly developed counties were underestimated whereas the opposite was true for the five suburban counties. Population was most accurately estimated based on data from counties with the same or similar characteristics. By comparing the 1990/1991 and 1999/2000 models, we also found that the rate of population density per unit of impervious surface declined from 1991 to 1999. High accuracy was achieved when applying the 1999/2000 model to predict the 2006 population, suggesting that the relationship between per cent imperviousness and population density were relatively stable between 1999 and 2006.
Recognizing Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Acquisition Planes

In this paper we propose a method for automatic wrangling of missing or noisy acquisition plane information of cardiac magnetic resonance images in order to simplify case filtering and image lookup in large collections of cardiac data. To recognize standard cardiac planes we use features based on image miniatures combined with a decision forest classifier. We show that augmenting the dataset with a set of nondestructive transformations can improve classification accuracy. Our approach compares favorably to the state of the art while requiring fewer manual annotations.
Social Learning for Sustainability: Advancing Community-Based Inquiry and Collaborative Learning for Sustainable Lifestyles

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 V.W. Thoresen et al. (eds.), Responsible Living, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-15305-6_15 Abstract The pursuit of sustainable lifestyles is one that occurs simultaneously at individual, collective and societal levels. Education for sustainable development (ESD), and the offshoot education for sustainable lifestyles (ESL), has generally targeted individual learning and behaviour change. Although, there are several good examples of cooperative and collaborative learning for sustainability in both formal and non-formal educational initiatives. This paper examines the processes of social learning that occur in such collaborative learning cases. Social learning theory has evolved through three distinct phases. The first phase was grounded in the field cognitive psychology, and it provides an explanation of how individuals learn from society or social observation. The second phase developed from the field of organisational studies as an explanation of organisational learning and how collective learning is achieved through an amalgamation of the individual learning of group members. The third phase of social learning is currently evolving as a combination of ecological and educational perspectives, and it aims to explain how sustainability learning can occur collectively and as a society, i.e. for social transformation. In this chapter, a comparative evaluation of five case studies from the Regional Centres of Expertise on ESD in East Asia is conducted to identify what are the social learning processes present across the cases. The main features of community of practice theory are examined as the potential conditions for establishing an effective learning community. The comparative case evaluation demonstrates a high level of benefit in achieving effective social learning in such sustainability initiatives which contributes to smooth implementation of new initiatives as well as strengthening their overall efficacy and longevity.
Nutrient Digestibility and Chemical Composition of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Vine as Alternative Forage in Ruminant Diets

The present study was carried out to determine the chemical composition, mineral content, nutrient digestibility and metabolizable energy of potato vine. Besides that, chemical composition and nutrient digestibility of potato vine compared with alfalfa hay as reference forage in ruminant nutrition has been studied. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design. Primarily apparent in vivo digestibility of alfalfa nutrients were obtained then digestibility of nutrients within potato vine were determined by applying difference method and by using 8 Kurdish mature rams (mean weight of 40 ± 4 kg). Results indicate that the amount of dry matter (DM) and ash of potato vines were significantly higher than alfalfa hay (P < 0.05). This was while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of potato vine were lower than the alfalfa hay (P < 0.05). On the other hand, Macro-minerals of potato vine were significantly higher than alfalfa hay with the exception of magnesium (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed for DM digestibility (DMD) and crude protein digestibility (CPD) between potato vine and alfalfa hay. Results also show that the amount of potato vine NDF digestibility (NDFD) was higher than alfalfa hay (P < 0.05). However, organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) of potato vine were lower than alfalfa hay. According to this experiments findings, it can be concluded that potato vine have high nutritive value and therefore they can be used as alternative forage in ruminant nutrition.
Protecting Patient Privacy when Sharing Medical Data

This paper describes a national eHealth platform concept with a multi-level privacy protection in order to improve the security and privacy of medical information on their storage locations as well as during the exchanging/sharing processes. The key idea is to classify and split-up data into different servers. A Trusted Third Party server manages personal identifying data together with the related pseudonyms while the medical information server manages the related medical data assigned to pseudonyms. The well known IHE-XDS profiles are enriched by Public Key Infrastructure, symmetric and asymmetric encryption together with pseudonymization methods. IHE-XDS promote the interoperability level and the extensions increase the security level. Keywords— eHealth; Patient Privacy; Electronic Health Records; Secure Patient Data Storage
Cluster Analysis on Complex Structured and high Dimensional Data Objects using K-means and EM Algorithms

: Cluster Analysis plays an outstanding role in data mining applications such as scientific data exploration, information retrieval, text mining, web analysis, marketing and many other application areas. Large number of clustering algorithms has been developed in a variety of domains for different types of applications. None of these clustering algorithms are suitable for all type of data, so finding out the characteristics of each partitioning clustering is important. The main objective in this work is to find out the performance of the partition clustering techniques in terms of complex data objects and comparative study of the cluster algorithm for corresponding data and proximity measure for specific objective function. In this paper we compare and evaluate clustering algorithms with multiple data sets, like text, business, and stock market data. Comparative study of clustering algorithms can identify one or more problematic factors such as high dimensionality, efficiency, scalability with data size, sensitivity to noise in the data .
Hypergraphs for Joint Multi-view Reconstruction and Multi-object Tracking

We generalize the network flow formulation for multiobject tracking to multi-camera setups. In the past, reconstruction of multi-camera data was done as a separate extension. In this work, we present a combined maximum a posteriori (MAP) formulation, which jointly models multicamera reconstruction as well as global temporal data association. A flow graph is constructed, which tracks objects in 3D world space. The multi-camera reconstruction can be efficiently incorporated as additional constraints on the flow graph without making the graph unnecessarily large. The final graph is efficiently solved using binary linear programming. On the PETS 2009 dataset we achieve results that significantly exceed the current state of the art.
Inconsistent Assessment of Responsiveness in E-Discovery: Difference of Opinion or Human Error?

In responding to a request for production in civil litigation, the goal is generally to produce, as nearly as practicable, all and only the non-privileged documents that are responsive to the request.2 Recall – the proportion of responsive documents that are produced – and precision – the proportion of produced documents that are responsive – quantify how nearly all of and only such responsive, non-privileged documents are produced [2, pp 67-68]. The traditional approach to measuring recall and precision consists of constructing a gold standard that identifies the set of documents that are responsive to the request. If the gold standard is complete and correct, it is a simple matter to compute recall and precision by comparing the production set to the gold standard. Construction of the gold standard typically relies on human assessment, where a reviewer or team of reviewers examines each document, and codes it as responsive or not [2, pp 73-75]. It is well known that any two reviewers will often disagree as to the responsiveness of particular documents; that is, one will code a document as responsive, while the other will code the same document as non-responsive [1, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10]. Does such disagreement indicate that responsiveness is ill-defined, or does it indicate that reviewers are sometimes mistaken in their assessments? If responsiveness is ill-defined, can there be such a thing as an accurate gold standard, or accurate measurements of recall and precision? Answering this question in the negative might call into question the ability to measure, and thus certify, the accuracy of a response to a production request. If, on the other hand, responsiveness is well-defined, might there be ways to measure and thereby correct for reviewer error, yielding a better gold standard, and therefore, more accurate measurements of recall and precision? This study provides a qualitative analysis of the cases of disagreement on responsiveness determinations rendered during the course of constructing the gold standard
Governance standards

Reducing the rate of adverse events and preventable harm associated with healthcare delivery is a policy priority across healthcare systems internationally. Care transitions or handovers in clinical care introduce risk to patients that can lead to adverse events. Building on the literature showing the impact of governing boards on the quality and safety of healthcare services, this study builds a predictive model between governance and safety at care transitions. Analysis was based on 490 Canadian healthcare organizations across six sectors of care. Organizational compliance with the Accreditation Canada Governance Standards was shown to be a predictor of organizational performance with the Medication Reconciliation Required Organizational Practice. Results indicate that among a comprehensive set of governance standards, a set of 11 central governance elements predict organizational medication reconciliation practice. Implications for healthcare leaders are discussed including the role of organizational leadership in medication reconciliation practices. The importance of a governance process cycle that encompasses board prioritization of desired goals, monitoring of performance regularly, and communicating results with stakeholders is shown.
Climate controls and high‐altitude permafrost, qinghai‐xizang (tibet) Plateau, China

The high altitude-induced permafrost of the Tibet Plateau reflects a geothermal regime characterized by a strong diurnal pattern, high solar radiation inputs at the surface, and a high geothermal gradient. As a result, the permafrost is relatively [warm] and sensitive to thermal disturbance. Typical permafrost-related processes, such as ice segregation and thermal contraction cracking, are not widespread, and patterned ground phenomena (circles and nets) are restricted to sites of locally high moisture and variable grain size. Ice-rich sediments on north-facing slopes occur mainly as silty colluviums derived from local argillaceous bedrock. Mean annual ground temperatures are usually warmer than −3.5°C. Temperatures at 20 m depth have increased by an average of 0.2 to 0.3°C during the past 15 years. If one assumes continued warming, permafrost is likely to become relict within the next 200 years, and an increase in degradation (i.e. thermokarst processes) is to be expected. Le pergelisol de haute altitude du plateau du Tibet reflete un regime geothermique caracterise par une variation diurne importante, des effets d'une grande radiation solaire a la surface et un gradient geothermique eleve. En consequence, le pergelisol est relativement [chaud] et sensible aux perturbations thermiques. Les processus lie s a la presence d'un pergelisol tels que la glace de segregation et les fissures de contraction thermique, ne sont pas frequents et les sols structuraux periglaciaires (cercles et reseaux) sont limiles aux sites ou l'humidite est elevee et la granulometrie variee. Des sediments riches en glace ont ete trouves sur les pentes exposees au Nord lorsque des colluvions silteuses y existent. Les temperatures moyennes annuelles du sol sont generalement plus chaudes que −3.5°C. Les temperatures a 20 m de profondeur ont augmente en moyenne de 0.2 a 0.3°C pendant les 15 dernieres annees. Si le rechauffement se poursuit, le pergelisol deviendra probablement relict dans les 200 prochaines annees et une augmentation des processus de degradation thermokarstique doit ětre attendue.
Real Time Process Algebra with Urgency Executing Policy

Real time systems have a natural executing policy of urgency. However, real time process algebras of nowadays cannot specify this basic executing policy which limits their expressiveness. There is only one default policy called “maximal progress” in process algebras which is not enough to specify the behaviors of real time systems. Based on this, we propose a real time process algebra with urgency executing policy which can specify the behaviors of real time systems.
Is Unilateral Implant or Autologous Breast Reconstruction Better in Obtaining Breast Symmetry?

Unilateral breast reconstruction poses a special set of challenges to the reconstructive breast surgeon compared to bilateral reconstructions. No studies to date provide an objective comparison between autologous and implant based reconstructions in matching the contralateral breast. This study compares the quantitative postoperative results between unilateral implant and autologous flap reconstructions in matching the native breast in shape, size, and projection using three‐dimensional (3D) imaging. Sixty‐four patients who underwent unilateral mastectomy with tissue expander (TE)‐implant (n = 34) or autologous microvascular free transverse rectus abdominus myocutaneous (TRAM; n = 18) or deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP; n = 12) flap (n = 30) reconstruction from 2007 to 2010 were analyzed. Key patient demographics and risk factors were collected. Using 3D scans of patients obtained during pre and postoperative visits including over 1 year follow‐ups for both groups, 3D models were constructed and analyzed for total breast volume, anterior‐posterior projection from the chest wall, and 3D comparison. No significant differences in mean age, body mass index, or total number of reconstructive surgeries were observed between the two groups (TE‐implant: 52.2 ± 10, 23.9 ± 3.7, 3 ± 0.9; autologous: 50.7 ± 9.4, 25.4 ± 3.9, 2.9 ± 1.3; p > 0.05). The total volume difference between the reconstructed and contralateral breasts in the TE‐implant group was insignificant: 27.1 ± 22.2 cc, similar to the autologous group: 29.5 ± 24.7 cc, as was the variance of breast volume from the mean. In both groups, the reconstructed breast had a larger volume. A‐P projections were similar between the contralateral and the reconstructed breasts in the TE‐implant group: 72.5 ± 3.21 mm versus 71.7 ± 3.5 mm (p > 0.05). The autologous reconstructed breast had statistically insignificant but less A‐P projection compared to the contralateral breast (81.9 ± 16.1 mm versus 61.5 ± 9.5 mm; p > 0.05). Variance of A‐P projection from the mean was additionally insignificant between the contralateral and reconstructed breasts. Both groups produced similar asymmetry scores based on global 3D comparison (TE‐implant: 2.24 ± 0.3 mm; autologous: 1.96 ± 0.2 mm; p > 0.05). Lastly, when the autologous group was further subdivided into TRAM and DIEP cohorts, no significant differences in breast volume, A‐P projection or symmetry existed. Using 3D imaging, we demonstrate that both TE‐implant and autologous reconstruction can achieve symmetrical surgical results with the same number of operations. This study demonstrates that breast symmetry, while an important consideration in the breast reconstruction algorithm, should not be the sole consideration in a patient’ decision to proceed with autologous versus TE‐implant reconstruction.
Performance Analysis of Communication Networks in Multi-Cluster Systems under Bursty Traffic with Communication Locality

Cluster-based systems have emerged as a promising technology for providing cost-effectiveness in high-performance computing and communication systems. Performance studies on communication networks in cluster-based systems have been reported based on the simplified assumptions that the traffic follows the non-bursty Poisson process and the message destinations are uniformly distributed over all network nodes. However, the uniform distribution of message destinations is not always realistic in practice. Moreover, the communication locality, a typical example of the non-uniform destination distribution, has been shown to be an important phenomenon in the communication networks of cluster systems. Many recent measurement studies have revealed that the traffic generated by many real-world applications exhibits a high degree of burstiness. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of the system performance, this paper proposes a new analytical model for communication networks in multi-cluster systems under the bursty message arrivals with communication locality. The model is validated through extensive simulation experiments.