Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Relation between Supermassive Black Hole Mass and Quasar Metallicity?

We analyze spectra for a large sample of 578 active galactic nuclei to examine the relationships between broad emission line properties and central supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass. We estimate SMBH masses by applying the virial theorem to the C IV λ1549 broad emission line. Although the FWHMs of C IV and Hβ appear nearly unrelated in individual objects, these FWHMs are well correlated when averaged over subsamples in our database. Therefore, the lines are equally valid indicators of the average SMBH mass in quasar samples. Our sample spans 5 orders of magnitude in SMBH mass, 6 orders of magnitude in luminosity, and a redshift range of 0 ≤ z ≤ 5. Most lines diminish in equivalent width with increasing black hole mass (the usual "Baldwin effect"), and there are no trends with redshift. Recent studies indicate that there is a relationship between SMBH mass and the overall bulge/spheroidal component mass of the surrounding galaxy. This relation, together with the well-known mass-metallicity relationship among galaxies, predicts a relationship between SMBH mass and quasar metallicity. We estimate the metallicity in the broad emission line region by comparing several line ratios involving nitrogen to theoretical predictions. We find that the data are consistent with a trend between SMBH mass and metallicity, with some line ratios indicating a very strong trend, but the uncertainties in several other important line ratios are too large to confirm or test this correlation.
Cross-Lineage Influenza B and Heterologous Influenza A Antibody Responses in Vaccinated Mice: Immunologic Interactions and B/Yamagata Dominance

The annually reformulated trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) includes both influenza A/subtypes (H3N2 and H1N1) but only one of two influenza B/lineages (Yamagata or Victoria). In a recent series of clinical trials to evaluate prime-boost response across influenza B/lineages, influenza-naïve infants and toddlers originally primed with two doses of 2008–09 B/Yamagata-containing TIV were assessed after two doses of B/Victoria-containing TIV administered in the subsequent 2009–10 and 2010–11 seasons. In these children, the Victoria-containing vaccines strongly recalled antibody to the initiating B/Yamagata antigen but induced only low B/Victoria antibody responses. To further evaluate this unexpected pattern of cross-lineage vaccine responses, we conducted additional immunogenicity assessment in mice. In the current study, mice were primed with two doses of 2008–09 Yamagata-containing TIV and subsequently boosted with two doses of 2010–11 Victoria-containing TIV (Group-Yam/Vic). With the same vaccines, we also assessed the reverse order of two-dose Victoria followed by two-dose Yamagata immunization (Group-Vic/Yam). The Group-Yam/Vic mice showed strong homologous responses to Yamagata antigen. However, as previously reported in children, subsequent doses of Victoria antigen substantially boosted Yamagata but induced only low antibody response to the immunizing Victoria component. The reverse order of Group-Vic/Yam mice also showed low homologous responses to Victoria but subsequent heterologous immunization with even a single dose of Yamagata antigen induced substantial boost response to both lineages. For influenza A/H3N2, homologous responses were comparably robust for the differing TIV variants and even a single follow-up dose of the heterologous strain, regardless of vaccine sequence, substantially boosted antibody to both strains. For H1N1, two doses of 2008–09 seasonal antigen significantly blunted response to two doses of the 2010–11 pandemic H1N1 antigen. Immunologic interactions between influenza viruses considered antigenically distant and in particular the cross-lineage influenza B and dominant Yamagata boost responses we have observed in both human and animal studies warrant further evaluation.
XSSDM: Towards detection and mitigation of cross-site scripting vulnerabilities in web applications

With the growth of the Internet, web applications are becoming very popular in the user communities. However, the presence of security vulnerabilities in the source code of these applications is raising cyber crime rate rapidly. It is required to detect and mitigate these vulnerabilities before their exploitation in the execution environment. Recently, Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) and Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CWE) reported Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) as one of the most serious vulnerabilities in the web applications. Though many vulnerability detection approaches have been proposed in the past, existing detection approaches have the limitations in terms of false positive and false negative results. This paper proposes a context-sensitive approach based on static taint analysis and pattern matching techniques to detect and mitigate the XSS vulnerabilities in the source code of web applications. The proposed approach has been implemented in a prototype tool and evaluated on a public data set of 9408 samples. Experimental results show that proposed approach based tool outperforms over existing popular open source tools in the detection of XSS vulnerabilities.
Supplemental Data Fate Tracing Reveals the Endothelial Origin of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Figure S1: Emergence of early yolk sac population is independent of VE-cadherin. (A) The constitutive VE-cadherin Cre line (crossed to the ROSA26 Cre reporter) demonstrates βgal labeling (blue) within the early yolk sac population at E7.5. Whole mount (left) and histological analysis (right), note both endothelial and hematopoietic populations are labeled (arrows). However, there is also a significant proportion of the hematopoietic population not labeled (right panel, arrowhead). (B, top panels) E10 VE-cadherin null (KO) embryos exhibit defects in yolk sac vascular remodeling compared to WT (arrows). (B, bottom panels) Histological analysis of the VE-cadherin null yolk sac
Many views, many modes, many tools ... one structure: Towards a Non-disruptive Integration of Personal Information

People yearn for more integration of their information. But tools meant to help often do the opposite-pulling people and their information in different directions. Fragmentation is potentially worsened as personal information moves onto the Web and into a myriad of special-purpose, mobile-enabled applications. How can tool developers innovate "non-disruptively" in ways that do not force people to re-organize or re-locate their information? This paper makes two arguments: 1. An integration of personal information is not likely to happen through some new release of a desktop operating system or via a Web-based "super tool. " 2. Instead, integration is best supported through the development of a standards-based infrastructure that makes provision for the shared manipulation of common structure by any number of tools, each in its own way. To illustrate this approach, the paper describes an XML-based schema, considerations in its design and its current use in three separate tools. The schema in its design and use builds on the lessons learned by the open hypermedia and structural computing communities while moving forward with new techniques that address some of the changes introduced by the evolution of the term "application" to move beyond desktop apps to mobile apps, cloud-based apps and various hybrid architectures.
Expensive Children in Poor Families: The Intersection of Childhood Disabilities and Welfare

Summary All children require care, but children who have exceptional needsbecause of a physical disability, chronic health problem, or mental ordevelopmental impairment often require exceptional levels of care. Thecosts of this care are borne by families, communities, and publicprograms. Childhood disabilities and illnesses are not confined by class,race, or income. However, poor children living in poor neighborhoodsare far more likely than their more affluent peers to suffer from theseconditions.When poverty and disabilities intersect, the costs associated withchildren’s care have particularly important implications for their familiesand for society. Poverty-related compromises in living conditions andhealth care elevate the risk that children will suffer from chronic anddisabling conditions. At the same time, the care of a disabled or ill childcan increase the risk that the family will be poor by imposing direct costsfor medical and other care and indirect costs in the form of forgoneearnings.Childhood disabilities in poor families impose public costs as well.Some of these costs are associated with targeted services such as specialeducation that are provided regardless of income. Others are associatedwith means-tested programs, particularly the Supplemental SecurityIncome (SSI) program for low-income disabled children and adults. Stillother costs are borne by the public sector when these families receivemeans-test assistance that is
Energy limited ad hoc networks

This paper evaluates the impact on the performance of limited battery energy in ad hoc networks. In the literature, the widely adopted assumption is to have nodes with an infinite energy, but this assumption does not consider that a terminal power itself by means of battery, which can easily exhaust its energy. When a node switches off, as a consequence of an energy fall, its support to the ad hoc network functionalities, such as routing signaling management and packet forwarding, disappears, with a consequent impact on the global network.
Health technology assessment and value: the cancer value label (CAVALA) methodology

In modern health care systems, the soaring prices of drugs pose at least three major challenges: the growing economic burden of diseases, the uncertainty regarding innovation in health care, and the use of generic drugs and new indications. In this context, the assessment of health care technology is not just about drugs, it is about ensuring that the system’s resources, namely financial, yield maximum health benefits. So, the assessment is about relating inputs with outputs; and also, resources with health-related outcomes. However, this method is based on specific assumptions and has its shortcomings. This paper proposes a methodology called Cancer Value Label (CAVALA) which is a holistic and flexible concept of value. CAVALA overcomes the rationale that suffers from the communicational trap of having to discuss money versus life years gained. Some examples of CAVALA demonstrate that it has the potential to support health care decisions. Using a step-by-step approach, we show how CAVALA can be implemented and further extended. We discuss its main uses to assess outcome selections, the pricing of drugs, and the decisions on the reimbursement of new drugs and indications.
A Novel Population of Myeloid Cells Responding to Coxsackievirus Infection Assists in the Dissemination of Virus within the Neonatal CNS

Enterovirus infection in newborn infants is a significant cause of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis. Using a neonatal mouse model, we previously determined that coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) preferentially targets proliferating neural stem cells located in the subventricular zone within 24 h after infection. At later time points, immature neuroblasts, and eventually mature neurons, were infected as determined by expression of high levels of viral protein. Here, we show that blood-derived Mac3+ mononuclear cells were rapidly recruited to the CNS within 12 h after intracranial infection with CVB3. These cells displayed a myeloid-like morphology, were of a peripheral origin based on green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged adoptive cell transplant examination, and were highly susceptible to CVB3 infection during their migration into the CNS. Serial immunofluorescence images suggested that the myeloid cells enter the CNS via the choroid plexus, and that they may be infected during their extravasation and passage through the choroid plexus epithelium; these infected myeloid cells ultimately penetrate into the parenchyma of the brain. Before their migration through the ependymal cell layer, a subset of these infected myeloid cells expressed detectable levels of nestin, a marker for neural stem and progenitor cells. As these nestin+ myeloid cells infected with CVB3 migrated through the ependymal cell layer, they revealed distinct morphological characteristics typical of type B neural stem cells. The recruitment of these novel myeloid cells may be specifically set in motion by the induction of a unique chemokine profile in the CNS induced very early after CVB3 infection, which includes upregulation of CCL12. We propose that intracranial CVB3 infection may lead to the recruitment of nestin+ myeloid cells into the CNS which might represent an intrinsic host CNS repair response. In turn, the proliferative and metabolic status of recruited myeloid cells may render them attractive targets for CVB3 infection. Moreover, the migratory ability of these myeloid cells may point to a productive method of virus dissemination within the CNS.
Performance analysis of an energy saving mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e wireless MAN

In this paper, we propose an enhance model for performance analysis of an energy saving mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e broadband wireless access (BWA) network. A mobile subscriber station goes to sleep-mode after negations with the base station and temporarily wake-up periodically for a short interval to check whether there is downlink traffic to it to decide whether it goes to wake-mode or continues to be in the sleep- mode. The sleep interval is increased exponentially upon no arrival traffic. We analytically model the sleep-mode scheme and validate the model with simulations. Our enhanced model considers both incoming frames and outgoing frames.
Do Quiescence and Wasp Venom-Induced Lethargy Share Common Neuronal Mechanisms in Cockroaches?

The escape behavior of a cockroach may not occur when it is either in a quiescent state or after being stung by the jewel wasp (Ampulex compressa). In the present paper, we show that quiescence is an innate lethargic state during which the cockroach is less responsive to external stimuli. The neuronal mechanism of such a state is poorly understood. In contrast to quiescence, the venom-induced lethargic state is not an innate state in cockroaches. The Jewel Wasp disables the escape behavior of cockroaches by injecting its venom directly in the head ganglia, inside a neuropile called the central complex a ‘higher center’ known to regulate motor behaviors. In this paper we show that the coxal slow motoneuron ongoing activity, known to be involved in posture, is reduced in quiescent animals, as compared to awake animals, and it is further reduced in stung animals. Moreover, the regular tonic firing of the slow motoneuron present in both awake and quiescent cockroaches is lost in stung cockroaches. Injection of procaine to prevent neuronal activity into the central complex to mimic the wasp venom injection produces a similar effect on the activity of the slow motoneuron. In conclusion, we speculate that the neuronal modulation during the quiescence and venom-induced lethargic states may occur in the central complex and that both states could share a common neuronal mechanism.
Cytoskeleton-based forecasting of stem cell lineage fates

Stem cells that adopt distinct lineages cannot be distinguished based on traditional cell shape. This study reports that higher-order variations in cell shape and cytoskeletal organization that occur within hours of stimulation forecast the lineage commitment fates of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The unique approach captures numerous early (24 h), quantitative features of actin fluororeporter shapes, intensities, textures, and spatial distributions (collectively termed morphometric descriptors). The large number of descriptors are reduced into “combinations” through which distinct subpopulations of cells featuring unique combinations are identified. We demonstrate that hMSCs cultured on fibronectin-treated glass substrates under environments permissive to bone lineage induction could be readily discerned within the first 24 h from those cultured in basal- or fat-inductive conditions by such cytoskeletal feature groupings. We extend the utility of this approach to forecast osteogenic stem cell lineage fates across a series of synthetic polymeric materials of diverse physicochemical properties. Within the first 24 h following stem cell seeding, we could successfully “profile” the substrate responsiveness prospectively in terms of the degree of bone versus nonbone predisposition. The morphometric methodology also provided insights into how substrates may modulate the pace of osteogenic lineage specification. Cells on glass substrates deficient in fibronectin showed a similar divergence of lineage fates, but delayed beyond 48 h. In summary, this high-content imaging and single cell modeling approach offers a framework to elucidate and manipulate determinants of stem cell behaviors, as well as to screen stem cell lineage modulating materials and environments.
The United Nations Security Council Veto in the New World Order

Abstract : The United States should move to replace the Security Council veto with a double majority voting method. United States' national security will improve as international security improves. International security will improve as the Security Council acts effectively. The Security Council will act more effectively as it becomes more authoritative. Promoting respect for the Council and a veto alternative are necessary to make the Council more authoritative. The double majority voting method best promotes Council authority.
A multi-layer discriminative framework for parking space detection

In this paper, we proposed a new multi-layer discriminative framework for vacant parking space detection. From bottom to top, the framework consists of an image feature extraction layer, a patch classification layer, a weighted combination layer, and a status inference layer. In the feature extraction layer, the framework extracts lighting-invariant features to relieve the effects from lighting and shadow. In the patch classification layer, image patches are selected. In order To overcome perspective distortion, each patch was normalized. For different patch, we trained classifiers to recognize the occlusion patterns, which are treated as the middle-level feature of the parking status. In the weighted combination layer, three spaces are grouped as a unit to easily handle inter-object occlusion. Based on the middle-level features, a boosted space classifier was trained to determine the local status of a 3-space unit. In the status inference layer, we regarded these local status decisions as high-level evidences and inferred the final status of the parking lot. The results in an outdoor parking lot show our system can well handle inter-object occlusion and achieve robust vacant space detection under many environmental variations. A real-time system was also implemented to demonstrate its computing efficiency.
Digital Keyboard Instruments

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Simple COMA Shared Memory and the RS / 6000 SP White Paper

Simple COMA is a method for sharing address spaces among different nodes of a distributed memory computer. This method provides high performance without the complex and costly changes required by other shared memory organizations. It also retains the positive attributes of a distributed memory multicomputer, such as scalability and high availability. This paper explains the Simple COMA shared memory architecture and the potential implementation of this architecture on the IBM RS/6000 SP parallel computer.
Identification of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Other Pathogenic Brachyspira Species in Chickens from Laying Flocks with Diarrhea or Reduced Production or Both

ABSTRACT Cecal samples from laying chickens from 25 farms with a history of decreased egg production, diarrhea, and/or increased feed conversion ratios were examined for anaerobic intestinal spirochetes of the genus Brachyspira. Seventy-three samples positive in an immunofluorescence assay for Brachyspira species were further examined using selective anaerobic culture, followed by phenotypic analysis, species-specific PCRs (for Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, B. intermedia, and B. pilosicoli), and a Brachyspira genus-specific PCR with sequencing of the partial 16S rRNA gene products. Brachyspira cultures were obtained from all samples. Less than half of the isolates could be identified to the species level on the basis of their biochemical phenotypes, while all but four isolates (5.2%) were speciated by using PCR and sequencing of DNA extracted from the bacteria. Different Brachyspira spp. were found within a single flock and also in cultures from single chickens, emphasizing the need to obtain multiple samples when investigating outbreaks of avian intestinal spirochetosis. The most commonly detected spirochetes were the pathogenic species B. intermedia and B. pilosicoli. The presumed nonpathogenic species B. innocens, B. murdochii, and the proposed “B. pulli” also were identified. Pathogenic B. alvinipulli was present in two flocks, and this is the first confirmed report of B. alvinipulli in chickens outside the United States. Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the agent of swine dysentery, also was identified in samples from three flocks. This is the first confirmed report of natural infection of chickens with B. hyodysenteriae. Experimental infection studies are required to assess the pathogenic potential of these B. hyodysenteriae isolates.
Hydrodynamic Theories for Flows of Active Liquid Crystals and the Generalized Onsager Principle

We articulate and apply the generalized Onsager principle to derive transport equations for active liquid crystals in a fixed domain as well as in a free surface domain adjacent to a passive fluid matrix. The Onsager principle ensures fundamental variational structure of the models as well as dissipative properties of the passive component in the models, irrespective of the choice of scale (kinetic to continuum) and of the physical potentials. Many popular models for passive and active liquid crystals in a fixed domain subject to consistent boundary conditions at solid walls, as well as active liquid crystals in a free surface domain with consistent transport equations along the free boundaries, can be systematically derived from the generalized Onsager principle. The dynamical boundary conditions are shown to reduce to the static boundary conditions for passive liquid crystals used previously.