Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF SMALL INTRAVENOUS DOSES OF L-NOR-EPINEPHRINE UPON ARTERIAL PRESSURE AND PULSE RATE IN NOR-MOTENSIVE SUBJECTS AND IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER THORACOLUMBAR SYMPATHECTOMY.

The original observations by Oliver and Shafer of marked pressor effects occurring in animals after the intravenous injection of extracts of the adrenal medulla emphasized the biological importance of these substances (1). Later, Elliott concluded that epinephrine is involved in sympathetic nervous transmission of adrenergic effects and speculated upon its release at sympathetic nerve endings (2). In 1910, Barger and Dale suggested that not only epinephrine, but also other related sympathomimetic pressor amines might be released at sympathetic nerve endings and mediate various physiologic responses (3). Then, Loewi, in a series of brilliantly executed experiments, demonstrated that stimulation of sympathetic nerves containing adrenergic fibers to the frog's heart resulted in the release of adrenaline (4, 5). In 1946, von Euler found in animals a nor-epinephrine-like substance present in various tissues and organs containing adrenergic fibers (6). The recent chemical isolation by Tullar of the 1-isomer of nor-epinephrine from the racemic mixture of the drug (7) led to the demonstration by Luduena that this isomer is physiologically 27 to 60 times more active than the d-isomer (8). The subsequent detection of this substance in natural lots of epinephrine (9) and in extracts of adrenal medullary tumors (pheochromocytomas) (10, 11) stimulated a renewal of interest in its pharmacologic and hemodynamic actions, especially as they might relate to the problem of arterial hypertension. In a hemodynamic study in man Goldenberg and his co-workers found that the vasoconstrictor effects produced by intravenous l-nor-epinephrine were blocked by equal doses of intravenous epinephrine (12). They found that in normotensive subjects 1-nor-epinephrine produced a hypertension similar to "essential hypertension" with an increase in total peripheral resistance, but no change in cardiac output. Epinephrine, on the other hand, induced a hypertension with an increase in cardiac output and a decrease in total peripheral resistance. In patients with essential hypertension l-nor-epinephrine produced a significantly greater vasopressor response than in normotensive subjects, as judged by statistical analyses of the absolute rises in systolic and mean arterial pressure. Moreover, the reflex slowing of the pulse rate normally associated with rises in arterial pressure was frequently absent in hypertensive patients. Goldenberg suggested that the increased sensitivity of hypertensive patients to infusions of l-nor-epinephrine might be "due to lack of an antagonistic factor, epinephrine, in the peripheral nerve endings. " Since a previous study in this laboratory of the effects of commercial epinephrine given in single small intravenous doses failed to reveal an abnormal sensitivity to this drug in hypertensive patients either before or after lumbodorsal splanchnicectomy (13), it was decided to carry out a similar investigation with l-nor-epinephrine.
Detection of up to 65% of Precancerous Lesions of the Human Colon and Rectum by Mutation Analysis of APC, K-Ras, B-Raf and CTNNB1

In the present study a recently conceived 4-gene marker panel covering the Wnt and Ras-Raf-MEK-MAPK signaling pathways was used to analyze 20 colorectal serrated lesions and 41 colorectal adenoma samples and to determine the percentage of each of the above-mentioned potentially precancerous lesions carrying at least one of the four above-mentioned genes in a mutated form. CTNNB1 and B-Raf were screened by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, K-Ras by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and the APC gene mutation cluster region (codons 1243–1567) by direct DNA sequencing. APC mutations were only detected in 10% of the serrated lesions but in 34% of the adenomas. Twenty percent of the serrated lesions and 14% of the adenomas carried a mutated K-Ras. B-Raf was found to be mutated in 50% of the serrated lesions and in 22% of the adenomas. CTNNB1 was altered in 12% of the adenomas, but not in serrated lesions. By using the above gene marker panel it could be shown that 65% of the serrated lesions and 61% of the adenomas carried at least one of the four genes in a mutated form. Based on its excellent performance in detecting mutations in sporadic preneoplastic (in this study) and neoplastic lesions (in a previous study) of the human colon and rectum, this primer combination might also be suited to efficiently and non-invasively detect genetic alterations in stool DNA of patients with early colorectal cancer.
A high throughput string matching architecture for intrusion detection and prevention

Network intrusion detection and prevention systems have emerged as one of the most effective ways of providing security to those connected to the network, and at the heart of almost every modern intrusion detection system is a string matching algorithm. String matching is one of the most critical elements because it allows for the system to make decisions based not just on the headers, but the actual content flowing through the network. Unfortunately, checking every byte of every packet to see if it matches one of a set of ten thousand strings becomes a computationally intensive task as network speeds grow into the tens, and eventually hundreds, of gigabits/second. To keep up with these speeds a specialized device is required, one that can maintain tight bounds on worst case performance, that can be updated with new rules without interrupting operation, and one that is efficient enough that it could be included on chip with existing network chips or even into wireless devices. We have developed an approach that relies on a special purpose architecture that executes novel string matching algorithms specially optimized for implementation in our design. We show how the problem can be solved by converting the large database of strings into many tiny state machines, each of which searches for a portion of the rules and a portion of the bits of each rule. Through the careful co-design and optimization of our architecture with a new string matching algorithm we show that it is possible to build a system that is 10 times more efficient than the currently best known approaches.
A multiplex-network based approach for clustering ensemble selection

Performance of cluster ensemble approaches is now known to be tightly related to both quality and diversity of input base clusterings. Cluster ensemble selection (CES) refers to the process of filtering the raw set of base clusterings in order to select a subset of high quality and diverse clusterings. Most of existing CES approaches apply one index for measuring the quality and another for evaluating the diversity of clusterings. Moreover the number of clusterings to select is usually given as an input to the CES function. In this work we propose a new CES approach that allow taking into account an ensemble of quality and diversity indexes. In addition, the proposed approach computes automatically the number of clusterings to return. The basic idea is to define a multiplex network over the provided set of base clusterings. Each slice in the multiplex network is obtained by defining a proximity-graph over the set of base clusterings using a given clustering dissimilarity index. A community detection algorithm is applied to the obtained multiplex network. We then rank clusterings in each community applying an ensemble-ranking approach using different (internal) clustering quality indexes. From each community we select the base clustering ranked at the top. First experiments on benchmark datasets shows the effectiveness of the proposed CES approach.
Seismic data interpolation with the offset continuation equation

I propose a finite-difference offset continuation filter for interpolating seismic reflection data. The filter is constructed from the offset continuation differential equation and is applied on frequency slices in the log-stretch frequency domain. Synthetic data tests produce encouraging results: nearly perfect interpolation of a constant-velocity dataset with a complex reflector model and reasonably good interpolation of the Marmousi dataset.
Adapting the DF-QuAD Algorithm to Bipolar Argumentation

We deﬁne a quantitative semantics for evaluating the strength of argu-mentsinBipolarArgumentationframeworks(BAFs)byadaptingtheDiscontinuity-FreeQuAD(DF-QuAD)algorithmpreviouslyusedforevaluatingthestrengthofargumentsinQuantitativeArgumentationDebates(QuAD)frameworks.Westudy therelationshipbetweenthenewsemanticsandsomeexistingsemanticsforotherargumentationframeworks,aswellassomepropertiesofthesemantics.
Chronic Treatment with Antidepressants Decreases Intraoperative Core Hypothermia

We investigated temperature regulation during anesthesia and postoperative shivering in chronically depressed patients given antidepressant drugs. We studied 35 depressed patients and 35 control patients who underwent orthopedic surgery. Tympanic membrane temperatures 60, 75, and 90 min after induction in the depression group were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of the control group. There were no significant differences in mean skin temperature between the depression and the control groups. Eight of 35 patients in the depression group and 2 of 35 patients in the control group developed postanesthetic shivering. The incidence of shivering in the depression group was significantly more frequent than that in the control group (P = 0.04). The tympanic membrane temperature of the patients treated with clomipramine tended to be higher than that of the patients treated with maprotiline. In conclusion, intraoperative core hypothermia in chronically depressed patients was decreased. However, the incidence of shivering in depressed patients was significantly more frequent.
A Pseudo-Measurement Approach to Simultaneous Registration and Track Fusion

In multi-sensor tracking, registration is expected to be performed at the track level instead of the measurement level especially for the distributed sensor networks. However, registration at the track level becomes more difficult due to the implicit sensor biases hidden behind the local tracks. We propose a pseudo-measurement approach to solve the simultaneous registration and fusion problem at the track level. A pseudo-measurement equation is derived from the local trackers, which explicitly reveals the relationship between the pseudo-measurements and the sensor biases in a closed-form expression. The resulting registration model then allows us to formulate the track registration and fusion as a maximum likelihood (ML) estimation problem. We propose using the expectation maximization (EM) approach to perform track registration and fusion simultaneously. Both batch and recursive EM algorithms are developed, accompanied by the performance analysis. Simulation results demonstrate that both EM algorithms are capable of providing accurate estimates. Moreover, we apply the proposed method to an air surveillance radar network which suffers from relatively serious registration problems. The proposed method is verified to effectively fuse and register the tracks generated by local radars and to provide a consistent air picture.
An on-line signature verification based on timely nonlinear sampling and sparse representation

A novel approach which generates so-called ”potential genuine signatures” by timely nonlinear sampling from an original on-line signature is presented. Velocity vectors of these potential genuine signatures are exploited to construct an user-dependent overcomplete dictionary. Finally, sparse coefficients which served as features are used for verification. There are two main advantages: 1) The DTW becomes unnecessary, which makes the proposed method computationally inexpensive; 2) Multiply potential genuine signatures can be generated from a genuine one, so the difficulties causing by insufficient train samples in a real system are effectively alleviated. Experiments show encouraging results.
Study of the effects of dietary fish intake on serum lipids and lipoproteins in two populations with different dietary habits

Increased concentrations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), namely eicosapentaenoic acid (20 : 5; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22 : 6; DHA), have been shown to be beneficial in coronary artery disease (CAD). In the present study, the relationships between fish intake and concentrations of serum EPA and DHA and the effects of these fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins were investigated. Two groups of men, one living in a fishing village and the other in a farming village, participated in this study. The daily fish consumption was ten times greater in the fishing village group than in the rural village group and the mortality from IHD in the rural village was four times higher. Serum concentrations of EPA and DHA were significantly higher in the fishing village group (P < 0·001). In this group, the serum concentration of arachidonic acid (20 : 4; AA), was significantly lower (P < 0·001), and the ratio EPA : AA was twice that of the rural village (P < 0·001). Moreover, in the fishing village group, the serum triacylglycerol and total cholesterol levels were significantly lower than those observed in the rural village (P < 0·01 and P < 0·05 respectively). In the fishing village group the serum LDL-cholesterol concentration was also lower, although the difference was not significant. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that a high intake of n-3 PUFA provides protection against CAD.
The smart phone: a ubiquitous input device

We show how modern mobile phones (Weiser's tabs) can interact with their environment, especially large situated displays (Weiser's boards). Smart phones' emerging capabilities are fueling a rise in the use of mobile phones as input devices to such resources as situated displays, vending machines, and home appliances. Mobile phones' prevalence gives them great potential to be the default physical interface for ubiquitous computing applications. We survey interaction techniques that use mobile phones as input devices to ubiquitous computing environments. We use smart phone to describe an enhanced mobile phone. Our analysis blurs the line between smart phones and PDAs such as the Palm Pilot because the feature sets continue to converge.
Unsupervised music understanding based on nonparametric Bayesian models

This paper presents a new research framework for unsupervised music understanding. Our goal is to recognize musical notes from polyphonic audio signals and simultaneously induce grammatical patterns from the recognized notes by integrating probabilistic acoustic and language models. Given music audio signals, both models could be jointly trained in a self-organizing manner without manually specifying the numbers of musical notes and grammatical patterns. In this paper, we introduce our nonparametric Bayesian acoustic and language models for multipitch analysis and chord progression analysis and discuss issues for integrating these models. We then provide a novel overview of various acoustic and language models whose underlying concepts are useful for implementing the framework.
Aquaglyceroporin-null trypanosomes display glycerol transport defects and respiratory-inhibitor sensitivity

Aquaglyceroporins (AQPs) transport water and glycerol and play important roles in drug-uptake in pathogenic trypanosomatids. For example, AQP2 in the human-infectious African trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, is responsible for melarsoprol and pentamidine-uptake, and melarsoprol treatment-failure has been found to be due to AQP2-defects in these parasites. To further probe the roles of these transporters, we assembled a T. b. brucei strain lacking all three AQP-genes. Triple-null aqp1-2-3 T. b. brucei displayed only a very moderate growth defect in vitro, established infections in mice and recovered effectively from hypotonic-shock. The aqp1-2-3 trypanosomes did, however, display glycerol uptake and efflux defects. They failed to accumulate glycerol or to utilise glycerol as a carbon-source and displayed increased sensitivity to salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), octyl gallate or propyl gallate; these inhibitors of trypanosome alternative oxidase (TAO) can increase intracellular glycerol to toxic levels. Notably, disruption of AQP2 alone generated cells with glycerol transport defects. Consistent with these findings, AQP2-defective, melarsoprol-resistant clinical isolates were sensitive to the TAO inhibitors, SHAM, propyl gallate and ascofuranone, relative to melarsoprol-sensitive reference strains. We conclude that African trypanosome AQPs are dispensable for viability and osmoregulation but they make important contributions to drug-uptake, glycerol-transport and respiratory-inhibitor sensitivity. We also discuss how the AQP-dependent inverse sensitivity to melarsoprol and respiratory inhibitors described here might be exploited.
A Comparison between Two Heterodyne Light Sources Using Different Electro-Optic Modulators for Optical Temperature Measurements at Visible Wavelengths

In this paper we have successfully demonstrated a z-propagating Zn-indiffused lithium niobate electro-optic modulator used for optical heterodyne interferometry. Compared to a commercial buck-type electro-optic modulator, the proposed waveguide-type modulator has a lower driving voltage and smaller phase variation while measuring visible wavelengths of 532 nm and 632.8 nm. We also demonstrate an optical temperature measurement system using a homemade modulator. The results show that the measurement sensitivities are almost the same values of 25 deg/°C for both the homemade and the buck-type modulators for a sensing light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm. Because photorefractive impacts are essential in the buck-type modulator at a wavelength of 532 nm, it is difficult to obtain reliable phase measurements, whereas the stable phase operation of the homemade one allows the measurement sensitivity to be improved up to 30 deg/°C with the best measurement resolution at about 0.07 °C for 532 nm.
Biofuel that Keeps Glycerol as Monoglyceride by 1,3-Selective Ethanolysis with Pig Pancreatic Lipase Covalently Immobilized on AlPO4 Support

By using pig pancreatic lipase (EC 3.1.1.3 or PPL) as a biocatalyst, covalently immobilized on amorphous AlPO 4 support, a new second generation biodiesel was obtained in the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil with ethanol. The resulting biofuel is composed of fatty acid ethyl esters and monoglycerides (FAEE/MG) blended in a 2:1 molar ratio. This novel product, which integrates glycerol as monoacylglycerols (MG) into the biofuels composition, has similar physicochemical properties as conventional biodiesel and also avoids the removal step of the by-product by washing of the biodiesel with water. Immobilization of PPL was achieved by covalent attachment of the e -amino group of the lysine residues of PPL with the aldehyde groups of p -hydroxybenzaldehyde linked on a hybrid organic-inorganic functionalized AlPO 4 surface. With this procedure, the PPL biocatalyst was strongly fixed to the inorganic support surface (94.3%). Nevertheless, the efficiency of the immobilized enzyme was relatively lower compared to that of the free PPL, but it showed a remarkable stability as well as a great capacity of reutilization (25 reuses) without a significant loss of its initial catalytic activity. Therefore, this enzymatic method allows the production of a biodiesel which integrates the glycerol, allows a more efficient fabrication method and minimizes the waste production as compared to the conventional alkali-catalyzed process.
DistanceJoin: Pattern Match Query In a Large Graph Database

The growing popularity of graph databases has generated interesting data management problems, such as subgraph search, shortest-path query, reachability verification, and pattern match. Among these, a pattern match query is more flexible compared to a subgraph search and more informative compared to a shortest-path or reachability query. In this paper, we address pattern match problems over a large data graph G. Specifically, given a pattern graph (i.e., query Q), we want to find all matches (in G) that have the similar connections as those in Q. In order to reduce the search space significantly, we first transform the vertices into points in a vector space via graph embedding techniques, coverting a pattern match query into a distance-based multi-way join problem over the converted vector space. We also propose several pruning strategies and a join order selection method to process join processing efficiently. Extensive experiments on both real and synthetic datasets show that our method outperforms existing ones by orders of magnitude.
Role of the DIS hairpin in replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1

The virion-associated genome of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 consists of a noncovalently linked dimer of two identical, unspliced RNA molecules. A hairpin structure within the untranslated leader transcript is postulated to play a role in RNA dimerization through base pairing of the autocomplementary loop sequences. This hairpin motif with the palindromic loop sequence is referred to as the dimer initiation site (DIS), and the type of interaction is termed loop-loop kissing. Detailed phylogenetic analysis of the DIS motifs in different human and simian immunodeficiency viruses revealed conservation of the hairpin structure with a 6-mer palindrome in the loop, despite considerable sequence divergence. This finding supports the loop-loop kissing mechanism. To test this possibility, proviral genomes with mutations in the DIS palindrome were constructed. The appearance of infectious virus upon transfection into SupT1 T cells was delayed for the DIS mutants compared with that obtained by transfection of the wild-type provirus (pLAI), confirming that this RNA motif plays an important role in virus replication. Surprisingly, the RNA genome extracted from mutant virions was found to be fully dimeric and to have a normal thermal stability. These results indicate that the DIS motif is not essential for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA dimerization and suggest that DIS base pairing does not contribute to the stability of the mature RNA dimer. Instead, we measured a reduction in the amount of viral RNA encapsidated in the mutant virions, suggesting a role of the DIS motif in RNA packaging. This result correlates with the idea that the processes of RNA dimerization and packaging are intrinsically linked, and we propose that DIS pairing is a prerequisite for RNA packaging.
A DSL Framework for Policy-Based Security of Distributed Systems

Securing distributed systems remains a significant challenge for several reasons. First, the security features required in an application may depend on the environment in which the application is operating, the type of data exchanged, and the capability of the end-points of communication. Second, the security mechanisms deployed could apply to both communication and application layers in the system, making it difficult to understand and manage overall system security. This paper presents a policy-based approach to meeting these needs. We propose a framework based on a Domain-Specific Language for the specification, verification and implementation of security policies for distributed systems. Based on a set of abstractions, this framework allows to develop modular security policies and independent of the underlying system. Thus, security policies can be developed by a developer who is not necessarily computer security expert.