Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of key terms of knowledge domains to support research

The development and enhancement of the effectiveness of scientific research in the learning process requires the use of new tools for working with knowledge using the methods of knowledge engineering: methods of Data Mining, Text Mining, semantic information processing technologies. The use of sets of video materials on a large scale for automatic annotation is a new task and requires the development of methods for its solution. To review the literature on such methods, algorithms for obtaining and analyzing key terms are developed, and a special feature is the consideration of the dynamics of trends in knowledge domains.
A monoclonal antibody to an abrin chimera recognizing a unique epitope on abrin A chain confers protection from abrin-induced lethality

Abrin, obtained from the seeds of Abrus precatorius plant, is a potent toxin belonging to the family of type II ribosome-inactivating proteins. Recently, a recombinant vaccine consisting of the A subunits of abrin and its homolog Abrus precatorius agglutinin (APA) was demonstrated to protect mice from abrin lethality. Toward identifying neutralizing epitopes recognized during this response, we generated monoclonal antibodies against the proposed vaccine candidate. One antibody, namely A7C4, the corresponding epitope of which was found to be distal to the active site of the enzymatic A chain, prevented abrin-mediated toxicity on cells and abrin-induced lethality in mice but did not inhibit the catalytic activity of the A chain. The in vivo protection conferred by monoclonal antibody A7C4 highlights the potential use of this antibody as a promising immunotherapeutic.
Ultrasound Transmission Technique as a Potential Tool for Physical Evaluation of Monolithic Matrix Tablets

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tablet porosity and particle size fraction of compacted Starch acetate powders, with and without model drug caffeine, on acoustic properties of tablets. The ultrasound velocity was determined from the transmission measurements. Tablets of starch acetate (SA DS 2.7) powder with two particle size fractions of 0–53 and 0–710 μm were compressed with a compaction simulator. Porosities of tablets varied in the range from 12% to 43% for both particle size fractions. Strong associations were found between the ultrasound velocity and physical properties of the tablets such as porosity and particle size fraction. Interestingly, ultrasound velocity was practically insensitive to inclusion of the model drug caffeine with the concentrations used. Based on this study ultrasound transmission method is a potential non-destructive tool for studying structural changes of tablets and other solid dosage forms.
SmD3 Regulates Intronic Noncoding RNA Biogenesis

ABSTRACT Accumulation of excess lipid in nonadipose tissues is associated with oxidative stress and organ dysfunction and plays an important role in diabetic complications. To elucidate molecular events critical for lipotoxicity, we used retroviral promoter trap mutagenesis to generate mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines resistant to lipotoxic and oxidative stress. A previous report of a mutant from this screen demonstrated that under lipotoxic conditions, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in the rpL13a gene accumulate in the cytosol and serve as critical mediators of lipotoxic cell death. We now report a novel, independent mutant in which a single provirus disrupted one allele of the gene encoding the spliceosomal protein SmD3, creating a model of haploinsufficiency. We show that snoRNA expression and the abundance of snoRNA-containing intron lariats are decreased in SmD3 mutant cells, even though haploinsufficiency of SmD3 supports pre-mRNA splicing. The mechanism through which SmD3 regulates the expression of intronic snoRNAs likely involves effects of SmD3 on the levels of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) U4 and U5. Our data implicate SmD3 as a critical determinant in the processing of intronic noncoding RNAs in general and as an upstream mediator of metabolic stress response pathways through the regulation of snoRNA expression.
Periplasmic vestibule plays an important role for solute recruitment, selectivity, and gating in the Rh/Amt/MEP superfamily

AmtB, a member of the Rh/Amt/MEP superfamily, is responsible for ammonia transport in Escherichia coli. The ammonia pathway in AmtB consists of a narrow hydrophobic lumen in between hydrophilic periplasmic and cytoplasmic vestibules. A series of molecular dynamics simulations (greater than 0.4 μs in total) were performed to determine the mechanism of solute recruitments and selectivity by the periplasmic vestibule. The results show that the periplasmic vestibule plays a crucial role in solute selectivity, and its solute preferences follow the order of . Based on our results, recruitment is initiated by its interaction with either E70 or E225, highly conserved residues located at the entrance of the vestibule. Subsequently, the backbone carbonyl groups at the periplasmic vestibule direct to the conserved aromatic cage at the bottom of the vestibule (known as the Am1 site). The umbrella sampling simulations suggest that the conserved residue D160 is not directly involved in the ammonia conduction; rather its main function is to keep the structure of periplasmic vestibule intact. The MD simulations also revealed that two partially stacked phenyl rings of F107 and F215, separating the periplasmic vestibule from the hydrophobic lumen, flip open and closed simultaneously with a frequency of approximately 108 flipping events per second. These results show how the periplasmic vestibule selectively recruits to the Am1 site, and also that the synchronized flipping of two phenyl rings potentially facilitates the solute transition from the periplasmic vestibule to the hydrophobic lumen in the Rh/Amt/MEP superfamily.
Organizing Indigenous Governance in Canada, Australia, and the United States

My purpose in this paper—a preliminary contribution to a larger project—is to raise a set of research and policy issues having to do with the organization of Indigenous governance in Canada, Australia, and the United States. I make the assumption, both in this presentation and in the larger enterprise of which it is a part, that there is value to be found in comparative work on certain Indigenous issues across these countries. While they differ in important ways, they have significant commonalities in political and legal heritage, in the historical displacement of Indigenous populations, and in the vigorous and contemporary Indigenous pursuit of self-determination. One of the primary goals of Indigenous populations in all three countries is to establish and exercise the right to govern themselves, and the set of issues surrounding Indigenous governance is my concern here. While this paper is based on ongoing research, much of what I have to say at this point is impressionistic. This is, emphatically, a preliminary exploration.
The effect of the ionic products of Bioglass® dissolution on human osteoblasts growth cycle in vitro

In this study, in order to observe the effect of Bioglass® and its ionic products on human esteoblasts growth cycle in vitro, the ionic products of Bioglass have been introduced to a cell culture medium by dissolving Bioglass particles in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) at 37 °C for 24 h; this was used as the experimental medium, while DMEM without Bioglass modification was used as the control medium. Human osteoblasts isolated from trabecular bone were treated by the two media and the timing of the osteoblast growth cycle was examined. Cell growth curves were derived after 7 days. Also, human osteoblasts were treated for 1–6 days by the two media, and the G1, S, G2 phase percentages of osteoblasts were recorded by flow cytometry every day, resulting in the cell proliferation activity index: SPF (S‐phase fraction) and PI (proliferation index). The difference in cell growth was shown after the second day of culture (p < 0.01), and cell growth in the experimental groups was greater than in control groups. The SPF and PI of the experimental groups were also higher than the control groups in 2 days of culture (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01), which indicates that the growth cycle of the human osteoblasts in experimental medium is about 2 days. In conclusion, Bioglass can promote osteoblast proliferation, reducing the human osteoblast growth cycle to pass through G1 and S phase and then enter G2 phase quickly. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ESTIMATING THE TERM STRUCTURE OF VOLATIUTY AND FIXED INCOME DERIVATWE PRlCING

Estimating the parameters of the instantaneous spot interest rate process is of crucial importance for pricing fixed income derivative securities. This paper presents an estimation for the parameters of the Gaussian interest rate mo deI for pricing fixed income derivatives based on the term structure of volatility. We estimate the term structure of volatility for US treasury rates for the period 1983 1995, based on a history of yield curves. We estimate both conditional and mst differences term structures of volatility and subsequently estimate the implied parameters of the Gaussian model with non-linear least squares estimation. Results for bond options illustrate the effects of differing parameters in pricing. ·Please address correspondence to: Franklin de O. Gonçalves, Banco da Bahia Investimentos S.A. , Praça Pio X, 98 6th floor, 20091-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ. , Brazil. Phone: (+5521) 211-8340, Fax: (+55 21) 233-7069 . 1 . J ,J "1 ::! =
Monolithically Fabricated Hybrid Head for Near-Field Assisted Magnetic Recording

In this paper, we show a monolithically fabricated hybrid head with a GaAs-based laser diode capable of near-field-assisted magnetic recording. A bottlenecked conductor was placed beside the laser cavity formed on the trailing side of the head. The bottlenecked structure is used as a generator of magnetic and near fields. The structure consists of a couple of opposite electrodes with a 200-nm gap and a bridge connection between the electrodes. The magnetic field is mainly generated around the bottleneck by feeding current through the conductor. The near field is produced along edges of the bottleneck by irradiating a laser beam. We confirmed the 3-D localization of near field in the nanometer size around the bottleneck by means of a near-field scanning optical microscope. We attained the nanosized overlap between magnetic filed and near-field distributions on the hybrid head with the laser diode.
Isolation and characterization of catalase produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Catalase derived from M. tuberculosis was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. This product has a molecular weight of about 160,000, exhibits a peak absorption in the Soret band, and gives a positive reaction with benzidine. It has peroxidase-like activity at pH 7.5 but not at 4.0. Inactivation of the catalase by isoniazid or its isomer, nicotinic acid hydrazide, is intensified by cupric ion. Phosphate can protect the pure enzyme from the deleterious effect of isoniazid, and dialysis of isoniazid-inactivated catalase results in partial restoration of its activity. 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole stimulates M. tuberculosis catalase activity, in contrast to its inhibitory effect on catalase from some other sources.
Discovering cultural conceptual structures from texts for ontology generation

Today, the development of the semantic web is heavily impacted by the knowledge acquisition bottleneck. To address this problem, the discovery of conceptual structures have to become automatic. In addition, it has to guarantee that these structures are socially-constructed and consensually-shared in accordance with the requirements for designing ontologies. In this research, we present a process to automatically discover ready-made cultural knowledge structures from texts fitting the needs of ontology engineering. Relying on a framework coming from cognitive anthropology, we designed the latter to identify hypernym/hyponym relations. During our experiment we obtained a promising 92.46% precision.
Growth hormone (GH) pharmacogenetics: influence of GH receptor exon 3 retention or deletion on first-year growth response and final height in patients with severe GH deficiency.

CONTEXT A polymorphism in GHR gene, the presence or absence of exon 3, has been shown to influence the 1- and 2-yr growth responses to human recombinant GH (hGH) therapy in children without GH deficiency (GHD). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the influence of GHR-exon-3 genotype on the short and long-term response to hGH therapy in children with GHD. SETTING The study was conducted in the university hospital. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Genotype and retrospective analysis was performed on data of 75 children with GHD. INTERVENTION INTERVENTION consisted of hGH treatment at a mean dose of 33 mug/kg.d and GHR-exon-3 genotype by multiplex PCR. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures were GHR genotype: full-length (fl) and exon 3-deleted (d3) alleles, growth velocity in 58 children who remained prepubertal during the first year, and adult height in 44 patients with GHD after 7.5 +/- 3.0 yr of treatment. RESULTS Clinical and laboratory data at the start of treatment and hGH doses were indistinguishable among patients with different GHR-exon-3 genotypes (fl/fl vs. fl/d3 or d3/d3). Patients carrying at least one GHRd3 allele had a significantly better growth velocity in the first year of hGH replacement (12.3 +/- 2.6 vs. 10.6 +/- 2.3 cm/yr; P < 0.05) and achieved a taller adult height (final height sd score, -0.8 +/- 1.1 vs. -1.7 +/- 1.2; P < 0.05) when compared with patients homozygous for GHRfl alleles. CONCLUSIONS Patients with GHD who are homozygous for GHR exon 3 fl were less responsive to short- and long-term hGH therapy. Approximately half of the population is homozygous for GHRfl, and future studies adjusting hGH therapy to genotype may improve outcome.
Impact of Phonons on Dephasing of Individual Excitons in Deterministic Quantum Dot Microlenses

Optimized light–matter coupling in semiconductor nanostructures is a key to understand their optical properties and can be enabled by advanced fabrication techniques. Using in situ electron beam lithography combined with a low-temperature cathodoluminescence imaging, we deterministically fabricate microlenses above selected InAs quantum dots (QDs), achieving their efficient coupling to the external light field. This enables performing four-wave mixing microspectroscopy of single QD excitons, revealing the exciton population and coherence dynamics. We infer the temperature dependence of the dephasing in order to address the impact of phonons on the decoherence of confined excitons. The loss of the coherence over the first picoseconds is associated with the emission of a phonon wave packet, also governing the phonon background in photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Using theory based on the independent boson model, we consistently explain the initial coherence decay, the zero-phonon line fraction, and the line shape of the phonon-assisted PL using realistic quantum dot geometries.
Making the value flow: application of value stream mapping in a Brazilian public healthcare organisation

During the last decade, there has been a demand for public services to enhance management practices and attain results comparable to those experienced in the private sector. The need for achieving higher quality standards in public services has highlighted the importance of exploring new management techniques to account for the obsolescence in those organisations’ administrative models, with particular emphasis on healthcare services. This paper reports the application of one such new management technique, named value stream mapping (VSM), in the sterilised materials unit of a public healthcare organisation. In the case study presented here, we demonstrate the benefits of analysing healthcare processes using VSM; most notably reduction of wastes, inventory levels, and production lead times. The contribution of this article is twofold. First, it adds to the existing body of knowledge on lean management by examining the validity of applying lean principles and practices in contexts other than manufacturing. Second, it provides a detailed description of VSM applied in a hospital sterilisation unit; even though lean healthcare applications have been increasingly reported in the literature, to the best of our knowledge this is the first study to address the use of VSM in such context.
THE ADVERTISING-CONCENTRATION CONTROVERSY*

A long standing issue is whether industry advertising to sales ratios are positively related to concentration ratios. The importance of this question stems from the common belief that advertising is a barrier to entry leading to high concentration. ' The theoretical and empirical basis of such a relationship is, however, controversial. For example, one set of theories argues advertising intensity (advertising-sales ratio) is explained by market structure and vice versa.2 Another theory argues it is explained by the supply and demand for advertising messages and is generally independent of market structure [4; 16; 28]. Empirically, some studies find a positive relationship while others find no significant relationship [9]. An ongoing empirical debate has evolved centering on the issues of specification errors, measurement errors, and sampling bias. The purpose of this paper is to review the traditional theory and evidence, present alternative hypotheses for a positive relationship, summarize empirical problems in previous studies, and offer new evidence based on a new sample designed to resolve some of the empirical issues. II. TRADITIONAL THEORIES AND EVIDENCE
Pressure for Global Integration and Capability of Latecomer Countries

Less developed and transitional economies are under increasing pressure to open up and conform to “global standards. ” However, today's latecomers often lack basic conditions to generate market economies and compete effectively in the world economy. Commerce and industry are seriously underdeveloped and governments are incapable of assisting private activities or coping with external shocks. The gap between the required level of institutional preparedness and the dismal reality of today's latecomer countries has widened. As a result, many latecomers begin to integrate without adequate preparations and face severe macroeconomic and social crises.For illustration, Vietnam's inconsistent commitment to free trade and Central Asia's response to the Russian crisis are reviewed. To permit step-by-step integration, there should be multiple rules for globalization depending on initial conditions and policy capability.Furthermore, major exchange rates and international finance must be stabilized before encouraging the latecomers to participate in the world economy.
A new species of Ituglanis (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the rio Uruguai basin, southern Brazil

A new species of Ituglanis associated to the grasslands of the Pampa biome is described from the rio Uruguai basin, southern Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the low number of ribs and by a unique color pattern composed of an outer layer with scattered round black blotches equivalent in size to the eye circumference over a reddish brown background on the lateral surface of the body. We provide the genetic sequences of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome c Oxydase subunit I (COI) for three of the paratypes and discuss aspects about the recent discovery of the new species.
Recommending treatments for comorbid patients using word-based and phrase-based alignment methods

The problem of finding treatments for patients diagnosed with multiple diseases (i.e.~a comorbidity) is an important research topic in the medical literature. In this paper, we propose a new data driven approach to recommend treatments for these comorbidities using word-based and phrase-based alignment methods. The most popular methods currently rely on combining specific information from individual diseases (e.g.~procedures, tests, etc.), then aim to detect and repair the conflicts that arise in the combined treatments. This proves to be a challenge especially in the cases where the studied comorbidities contain large numbers of diseases. In contrast, our methods rely on training a translation model using previous medical records to find treatments for newly diagnosed comorbidities. We also explore the use of additional criteria in the form of a drug interactions penalty and a treatment popularity score to select the best treatment in the case where multiple valid translations for a single comorbidity are available.
Artificial Pedicle Screw Reconstruction of the Cervical Spine after Lateral Paramedian Transpedicular Approach for Lesions of the Ventral Cervical Spinal Canal

OBJECTIVE: We describe in detail the anatomic and surgical principles of a lateral cervical paramedian transpedicular approach, a novel technique that provides access to the ventral cervical spinal canal. We also describe single-stage posterior column reconstruction of the cervical spine in which traditional cervical lateral mass screws are used simultaneously to reconstruct the cervical pedicle and to allow for three-column stabilization in a continuous posterior screw-rod construct after this approach. METHODS: This technique is a modification of traditional thoracic posterolateral extracavitary approaches and has been used by our group for the resection of intradural and extradural spinal lesions, as we illustrate. RESULTS: This approach is particularly useful in cases where significant pathological characteristics of the trachea or esophagus preclude an anterior approach to the cervical spine and in cases in which multiple levels are involved. CONCLUSION: Cervical spinal stability is enhanced, because all cervical levels are incorporated into the final screw-rod construct.