Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metric combination for the Machine Translation optimisation tool MERT

The main metric used for SMT systems evaluation an optimisation is BLEU score but this metric is questioned about its relevance to human evaluation. Some other metrics already exist but none of them are in perfect harmony with human evaluation. On the other hand, most evaluations use multiple metrics (BLEU, TER, METEOR, etc.). Systems can optimise toward other metrics than BLEU. But optimisation with other metrics tends to decrease BLEU score. As Machine Translation evaluations still use BLEU as main metric, it is important to minimise the decrease of BLEU. We propose to optimise toward a metric combination like BLEUTER. This proposition includes two new open source scorers for MERT, the SMT optimisation tool. The first one is a TER scorer that allows us to optimise toward TER; the second one is a combination scorer. The latter one enables the combination of two or more metrics for the optimisation process. This paper also presents some experiments on the MERT optimisation in the Statistical Machine Translation system Moses with the TER and the BLEU metrics and some metric combinations.
Eye detection using eye filter and minimisation of NMF-based reconstruction error in facial image

A novel approach for eye detection is proposed, where an eye filter considering textural characteristics of eye regions and non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF)-based image reconstruction is utilised. The eye filter for detecting pairs of eye candidate points is utilised. To detect the exact eye position, all pairs of the eye candidates are evaluated by a cost function, which minimises the NMF-based image reconstruction error. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method achieves better performance of eye detection than existing methods under various environments such as head pose, facial expression and illumination conditions.
A Practical Tissue Sampling Method Using Ordinary Paper for Molecular Detection of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus RNA by RT-PCR

Abstract A practical sampling method for bursal tissue using ordinary paper for molecular diagnosis of infectious bursal disease (IBD) was established. IBD virus-infected bursa was directly smeared on chromatography paper, filter paper, or stationery copy paper and was then fixed with absolute ethanol, Tris-HCl–saturated phenol, or phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1). Flinders Technology Associates (FTA®) card, which is designed for the collection of biological samples for molecular detection, was also used. After storage at 37 C for up to 30 days, total RNA directly extracted from the tissue fixed on the papers and FTA® card were subjected to reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of IBD virus (IBDV) RNA. In addition, the ability of each chemical used in the fixation and the FTA® card to inactivate IBDV was evaluated. Regardless of the paper quality, storage period, and fixation method, IBDV RNA was consistently detected in all of the samples. IBDV in the bursal tissue was inactivated with phenol but not with ethanol or the unknown chemicals in FTA® card. These results show that ordinary papers sustain the viral RNA, as does FTA® card, but phenol fixation is superior to FTA® card in inactivating IBDV. The new sampling method using ordinary paper with phenol fixation is safe, inexpensive, simple, and easy, and is thus suitable for conducting a global survey of IBD even where laboratory resources are limited. This practical method should contribute to the control of IBD worldwide.
Identification of virulence determinants of Mycobacterium avium that impact on the ability to resist host killing mechanisms

Mycobacterium avium is an opportunistic pathogen associated with pulmonary disease in non-AIDS patients and disseminated infection in patients with AIDS. The chief route of infection is by colonization and invasion of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, but infection through the respiratory route also occurs. After crossing the mucosa, M. avium infects and replicates within tissue macrophages. To identify M. avium genes required for survival in vivo, a library of signature-tagged transposon mutants was constructed and screened for clones attenuated in mice. Thirty-two clones were found to be attenuated for their virulence, from which eleven were sequenced and tested further. All the mutants studied grew similarly in vitro to the wild-type MAC104. Ten mutants were tested individually in mice, confirming the attenuated phenotype. MAV_2450, a polyketide synthase homologue to Mycobacterium tuberculosis pks12, was identified. STM5 and STM10 genes (encoding two hypothetical proteins MAV_4292 and MAV_4012) were associated with susceptibility to oxidative products. Mutants MAV_2450, MAV_4292, MAV_0385 and MAV_4264 live in macrophage vacuoles with acidic pH (below 6.9). Mutants MAV_4292, MAV_0385 and MAV_4264 were susceptible to nitric oxide in vitro. The study of individual mutants can potentially lead to new knowledge about M. avium pathogenic mechanisms.
A Novel Approach to Detect Smile Expression

Facial expression recognition is an interesting research topic. Considerable methods have been proposed in order to achieve high accuracy in facial expression recognition, however, only a few of these methods have considered factors like memory consumption and computational complexity. In this paper, we focus on smile detection which belongs to facial expression recognition. Compare with the proposed methods, we propose to use MF(Mouth Feature) as image samples instead of whole face images, which can significantly reduce the memory consumption. Intensity Difference is adopted as feature extraction algorithm. MFD(Maximum Feature Difference) algorithm is defined to reduce the large set of Intensity Difference features. Adaboost (adaptive boosting) is used to train a strong classifier. Experiments show that our approach can reach about 88% accuracy by examining 320 features, with a detection time about 9.3ms per face and a great decrease of memory consumption by about 75%.
Network traffic generator model for fast network-on-chip simulation

For systems-on-chip (SoC) development, a predominant part of the design time is the simulation time. Performance evaluation and design space exploration of such systems in bit- and cycle-true fashion is becoming prohibitive. We propose a traffic generation (TG) model that provides a fast and effective network-on-chip (NoC) development and debugging environment. By capturing the type and the timestamp of communication events at the boundary of an IP core in a reference environment, the TG can subsequently emulate the core's communication behavior in different environments. Access patterns and resource contention in a system are dependent on the interconnect architecture, and our TG is designed to capture the resulting reactiveness. The regenerated traffic, which represents a realistic workload, can thus be used to undertake faster architectural exploration of interconnection alternatives, effectively decoupling simulation of IP cores and of interconnect fabrics. The results with the TG on an AMBA interconnect show a simulation time speedup above a factor of 2 over a complete system simulation, with close to 100 % accuracy.
Algorithm 97: Shortest path

procedure ari thmetic (a, b, c, op); in t eger a, b, c, op; ¢ o n l m e n t This procedure will perform different order ar i thmetic operations with b and c, put t ing the result in a. The order of the operation is given by op. For op = 1 addit ion is performed. For op = 2 multiplicaLion, repeated addition, is done. Beyond these the operations are non-commutat ive. For op = 3 exponentiat ion, repeated multiplication, is done, raising b to the power c. Beyond these the question of grouping is important . The innermost implied parentheses are at the right. The hyper-exponent is always c. For op = 4 te t ra t ion, repeated exponentiat ion, is done. For op = 5, 6, 7, etc., the procedure performs pentat ion, hexation, heptat ion, etc., respectively. The routine was originally programmed in FORTRAN for the Control Data 160 desk-size computer. The original program was limited to te t ra t ion because subroutine recursiveness in Control Data 160 FORTRAN has been held down to four levels in the interests of economy. The input parameter , b, c, and op, must be positive integers, not zero; b e g i n own i n t e g e r d, e, f, drop; i f o p = 1 t h e n b e g i n a := h-4c; go t o l e n d i f o p = 2 t h e n d := 0; else d := 1; e := c; drop := op 1; for f := I s t e p 1 u n t i l e do b e g i n ari thmetic (a, b, d, drop);
Investigation of aging effects in cross-linked polyethylene insulated cable using terahertz waves

A method to detect the degree of aging in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated cables, using terahertz (THz) waves, is reported in this letter. With increased aging time, the real permittivity decreases in the frequency range from 0.7 to 2.5 THz. The imaginary permittivity and absorption coefficient of unaged XLPE sample are larger than those of thermally aged XLPE insulated cables. These findings indicate that the aging degree of XLPE can be obtained by measuring its permittivity and absorption coefficient by THz waves.
A Genetic Screening Strategy Identifies Novel Regulators of the Proteostasis Network

A hallmark of diseases of protein conformation and aging is the appearance of protein aggregates associated with cellular toxicity. We posit that the functional properties of the proteostasis network (PN) protect the proteome from misfolding and combat the proteotoxic events leading to cellular pathology. In this study, we have identified new components of the proteostasis network that can suppress aggregation and proteotoxicity, by performing RNA interference (RNAi) genetic screens for multiple unrelated conformationally challenged cytoplasmic proteins expressed in Caenorhabditis elegans. We identified 88 suppressors of polyglutamine (polyQ) aggregation, of which 63 modifiers also suppressed aggregation of mutant SOD1G93A. Of these, only 23 gene-modifiers suppressed aggregation and restored animal motility, revealing that aggregation and toxicity can be genetically uncoupled. Nine of these modifiers were shown to be effective in restoring the folding and function of multiple endogenous temperature-sensitive (TS) mutant proteins, of which five improved folding in a HSF-1–dependent manner, by inducing cytoplasmic chaperones. This triage screening strategy also identified a novel set of PN regulatory components that, by altering metabolic and RNA processing functions, establish alternate cellular environments not generally dependent on stress response activation and that are broadly protective against misfolded and aggregation-prone proteins.
Real-Time Dynamic Scene Analysis Using Differential Technique and Performance Evaluation with Optical Flow

Real time dynamic scene analysis has become very important aspect as the increase in video input analysis. Although several dynamic scene analysis techniques are available, some of them poses increased computational complexity problem. In the present work a simple differential algorithm is designed and tested with traffic flux estimation application. Traffic flux estimation will play a very vital role in implementing intelligent traffic control scheme. The technique developed is having simple statistical background. Dynamic selection of images, from the sequence is implemented successfully in order to reduce the computation time. To establish the validity of these techniques, many natural traffic sequences have been obtained without considering any preconceived conditions like illumination, obstacles and shadows. While, the sequences selected are devoid of ego-motion problem. The designed techniques are evaluated with such twenty different video sequences and weighed thoroughly with simple confidence measures. In the present work we have achieved real time analysis with normal video rate of 30 frames per second. This is in comparison with the one frame per second using near real time optical flow computation. The result produced with this analysis is extremely good and is beneficial in the real time traffic control and tracking of vehicles in the urban areas. MATLAB image processing toolbox is explored to implement the techniques.
Lipopolysaccharide Exposure Modifies High Tidal Volume Ventilation-Induced Proinflammatory Mediator Expression in Newborn Rat Lungs

Infection/inflammation and mechanical ventilation have both independently been shown to increase cytokine/chemokine levels in lung tissue and blood samples of premature patients. Little is known about the combined effect of systemic inflammation and mechanical ventilation on cytokine expression in the lung. We tested whether pre-existing inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure would modify cytokine/chemokine response in newborn rat lungs to high tidal volume ventilation (HTVV). Newborn rats were randomly assigned to four groups: groups I and II (saline); groups III and IV: 3 mg/kg LPS. Groups II and IV were 24h later subjected to 3h of ventilation with a tidal volume of 25 mL/kg. HTVV alone increased IL-1β, IL-6 and the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) mRNA expression. Although the cytokine response to LPS alone had disappeared after 24 h, the combination of LPS pretreatment and HTVV significantly increased the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA when compared with HTVV alone. TNF-α expression was increased neither by HTVV alone nor in combination with LPS. IL-6 protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage increased due to the combined treatment. Thus, a subtle pre-existing inflammation combined with HTVV amplifies the proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression in the newborn rat lung compared with HTVV alone.
APPLICATION OF BACTERIAL NANOCELLULOSE MEMBRANES FOR EPITHELIAL TISSUE REPAIR

Objetive: With the increasing growth of populations prone to wound-healing complications there is an urgent need for novel strategies to both prevent and treat this substantial biomedical burden. One therapeutic approach of particular relevance to wound healing is tissue engineering (TE). This is considered a promising biomedical technology, which aids and increases the repair and regeneration of deficient and injured tissues. Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC) synthesized in abundance by Gluconacetobacter hansenii, is reported to function as a scaffold for the regeneration of a wide variety of tissues, showing that it could eventually become an excellent platform technology for medicine. Previous studies say that BNC has a distinctive nanofibrillar structure that may become a perfect matrix as an optimal wound healing environment. Method: Therefore, based on fundamental concepts of tissue engineering, this review addresses the broad application of BNC membranes as an engineered scaffold, aiming to contribute for a better understanding of its potential application for epithelial tissue repair.
Ad Hoc Retrieval Experiments Using WordNet and Automatically Constructed Thesauri

This paper describe our method in automatic-adhoc task of TREC-7. We propose a method to improve the performance of information retrieval system by expanded the query using 3 di ferent types of thesaurus. The expansion terms are taken from handcrafted thesaurus (WordNet), co-occurrence-based automatically constructed thesaurus, and syntactically predicate-argument based automatically constructed thesaurus.
Out-of-vocabulary word detection in a speech-to-speech translation system

In this paper we describe progress we have made in detecting out-of-vocabulary words (OOVs) for a speech-to-speech translation system for the purpose of playing back audio to the user for clarification and correction. Our OOV detector follows a strategy of first identifying a rough location of the OOV and then merging adjacent decoded words to cover the true OOV word. We show the advantage of our OOV detection strategy and report on improvements using a real-time implementation of a new Convolutional Neural Network acoustic model. We discuss why commonly used metrics for OOV detection do not meet our needs and explore an overlap metric as well as a Jaccard metric for evaluating our ability to detect the OOVs and localize them accurately in time. We have found different metrics to be useful at different stages of development.
Miniaturization of a microstrip antenna with magneto-dielectrics substrates for a passive tag RFID operating at 915 MHz on a metallic surface

This article presents the miniaturization process of a rectangular patch RFID antenna. Based on an RFID antenna which is produced to be used on metal surfaces, a smaller antenna compatible with the Impinj Monza 4E chip was designed. In order to match the impedance of the chip, while maintaining a closer performance of the original antenna at 915 MHz, a magneto-dielectric substrate was used and a simulation was done using the CST MicroWave Studio® electromagnetic simulation tool. Moreover, the new design considers the factor of miniaturization in function of the intrinsic properties of the used substrate. Results show that a simple design was constructed and that was tuned to the desired frequency, matching the impedance of the chip.
The impact of primary care organization on avoidable hospital admissions for diabetes in 23 countries

Abstract Objective: Diabetes is a so-called ambulatory care sensitive condition. It is assumed that by appropriate and timely primary care, hospital admissions for complications of such conditions can be avoided. This study examines whether differences between countries in diabetes-related hospitalization rates can be attributed to differences in the organization of primary care in these countries. Design: Data on characteristics of primary care systems were obtained from the QUALICOPC study that includes surveys held among general practitioners and their patients in 34 countries. Data on avoidable hospitalizations were obtained from the OECD Health Care Quality Indicator project. Negative binomial regressions were carried out to investigate the association between characteristics of primary care and diabetes-related hospitalizations. Setting: A total of 23 countries. Subjects: General practitioners and patients. Main outcome measures: Diabetes-related avoidable hospitalizations. Results: Continuity of care was associated with lower rates of diabetes-related hospitalization. Broader task profiles for general practitioners and more medical equipment in general practice were associated with higher rates of admissions for uncontrolled diabetes. Countries where patients perceive better access to care had higher rates of hospital admissions for long-term diabetes complications. There was no association between disease management programmes and rates of diabetes-related hospitalization. Hospital bed supply was strongly associated with admission rates for uncontrolled diabetes and long-term complications. Conclusions: Countries with elements of strong primary care do not necessarily have lower rates of diabetes-related hospitalizations. Hospital bed supply appeared to be a very important factor in this relationship. Apparently, it takes more than strong primary care to avoid hospitalizations. Key points Countries with elements of strong primary care do not necessarily have lower rates of diabetes-related avoidable hospitalization. Hospital bed supply is strongly associated with admission rates for uncontrolled diabetes and long-term complications. Continuity of care was associated with lower rates of diabetes-related hospitalization. Better access to care, broader task profiles for general practitioners, and more medical equipment in general practice was associated with higher rates of admissions for diabetes.
Modeling of an Ultra-Wideband antenna array devoted to near-field imaging

This paper presents the mutual coupling analysis in Ultra-Wideband (UWB) antenna arrays devoted to near-field imaging from 1 to 4 GHz. Vivaldi antennas have been designed to build the antenna array. The Method of Moments (MoM) in iterative form is used to find the array impedance matrix and the different near-field patterns. Very strong agreement between the simulated and the measured coupling coefficients, testifies the validity of the modelling of the antenna array. The localization of isolated targets with an accuracy of the order of 2 mm is also demonstrated.
Correcting 3D scenes estimated from sets of multi-view images using shape-from-contours

This paper proposes enforcing the consistency with segmented contours when modelling scenes with multiple objects from multi-view images. A certain rough initialization of the 3D scene is assumed to be available and in the case of multiple objects inconsistencies are expected. In the proposed shape-from-contours approach images are segmented and back-projections of segmented contours are used for enforcing the consistency of the segmented contours with 3D objects from the scene. We provide a study for the physical requirements for detecting occlusions when reconstructing 3-D scenes with multiple objects.
Random survival forests

We introduce random survival forests, a random forests method for the analysis of right-censored survival data. New survival splitting rules for growing survival trees are introduced, as is a new missing data algorithm for imputing missing data. A conservation-of-events principle for survival forests is introduced and used to define ensemble mortality, a simple interpretable measure of mortality that can be used as a predicted outcome. Several illustrative examples are given, including a case study of the prognostic implications of body mass for individuals with coronary artery disease. Computations for all examples were implemented using the freely available R-software package, randomSurvivalForest.
Where is the Goldmine?: Finding Promising Business Locations through Facebook Data Analytics

If you were to open your own cafe, would you not want to effortlessly identify the most suitable location to set up your shop? Choosing an optimal physical location is a critical decision for numerous businesses, as many factors contribute to the final choice of the location. In this paper, we seek to address the issue by investigating the use of publicly available Facebook Pages data-which include user "check-ins", types of business, and business locations-to evaluate a user-selected physical location with respect to a type of business. Using a dataset of 20,877 food businesses in Singapore, we conduct analysis of several key factors including business categories, locations, and neighboring businesses. From these factors, we extract a set of relevant features and develop a robust predictive model to estimate the popularity of a business location. Our experiments have shown that the popularity of neighboring business contributes the key features to perform accurate prediction. We finally illustrate the practical usage of our proposed approach via an interactive web application system.