Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salt Taste Adaptation: The Psychophysical Effects of Adapting Solutions and Residual Stimuli from Prior Tastings on the Taste of Sodium Chloride

The paper reviews how adaptation to sodium chloride, changing in concentration as a result of various experimental procedures, affects measurements of the sensitivity, intensity, and quality of the salt taste. The development of and evidence for the current model that the salt taste depends on an adaptation level (taste zero) determined by the sodium cation concentration is examined and found to be generally supported, despite great methodological complications. It would seem that lower adaptation levels elicit lower thresholds, higher intensity estimates, and altered quality descriptions with predictable effects on psychophysical measures.
Cigarette smoke extract-induced BEAS-2B cell apoptosis and anti-oxidative Nrf-2 up-regulation are mediated by ROS-stimulated p38 activation

Abstract Cigarette smoke contains reactive oxygen (ROS) that can cause oxidative stress. It increases the number of apoptotic and necrotic lung cells and further induces the development of chronic airway disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). CSE exposure induced ROS generation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation that are associated with the activation of apoptosis-regulating signal kinase 1 (ASK-1). N-acetylcysteine (a general antioxidant) attenuated the CSE-induced ASK-1 and p38 MAPK activation and cell apoptosis, suggesting a triggering role of ROS in ASK-1/p38 MAPK activation during apoptotic progression. In contrast, the inhibition and knockdown of p38 attenuated the expression of anti-oxidant master NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and CSE-induced apoptosis, suggesting that p38 MAPK modulates Nrf-2 expression and presumably prevents cell apoptosis. Taken together, the data presented in this manuscript demonstrate that the ROS-dependent ASK-1/p38 signaling cascade regulates CSE-induced BEAS-2B cell apoptosis. In addition, anti-oxidative Nrf-2 is also up-regulated by the ROS/p38 signaling cascade in this progression.
Exercise for treating isolated anterior cruciate ligament injuries in adults.

BACKGROUND The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured ligament of the knee. Injury causes pain, effusion and inflammation leading to the inability to fully activate the thigh muscles. Regaining muscular control is essential if the individual wishes to return to pre-injury level of function and patients will invariably be referred for rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES To present the best evidence for effectiveness of exercise used in the rehabilitation of isolated ACL injuries in adults, on return to work and pre-injury levels of activity. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PEDro - The Physiotherapy Evidence Database, CINAHL, AMED, and reference lists of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials testing exercise programmes designed to rehabilitate adults with isolated ACL injuries. Trials where participants were randomised to receive any combination of the following: no care, usual care, a single-exercise intervention, and multiple-exercise interventions. The primary outcome measures of interest were returning to work and return to pre-injury level of activity post treatment, at six months and one year. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS All trials judged to have met the inclusion criteria were independently assessed for methodological quality by use of a 15 point checklist. Pairs of authors independently extracted data. For each study, relative risk and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences and 95% confidence intervals calculated for continuous outcomes. MAIN RESULTS Nine trials, involving 391 participants met the inclusion criteria of the review. Only two trials, involving 76 participants, reported conservative rehabilitation and seven trials, involving 315 participants, evaluated rehabilitation following ACL reconstruction. Methodological quality scores varied considerably across the trials, with the nature of participant and assessor blinding poorly reported. Trial comparisons fell into six categories. Pooling of data was rarely possible due to lack of appropriate data as well as the wide variety in outcome measures and time points reported. Insufficient evidence was found to support the efficacy of one exercise intervention over another. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review has demonstrated an absence of evidence to support one form of exercise intervention against another and the use of supplementary exercises in the management of isolated ACL injuries. Further research in the form of large scale well designed randomised controlled trials with suitable outcome measures and surveillance periods, using standardised reporting should be considered.
A common-source amplifier based on single layer MoS2

The integration circuits are exposing to meet fundamental limits induced by short channel effect Single layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising channel material for field effect transistors (FETs) because the short channel effect is largely reduced. In this paper, a common-source amplifier based on single layer MoS2 is reported, indicating that single layer MoS2 is capable to amplify signals. The carrier mobility of the as-made MoS2 FETs was reached to ~2.84 cm2/V·s. Furthermore, the output voltage gain of the amplifier is ~1.3, which can be used as a unify gain amplifier.
Determining approximate estimates of inheritance parameters from sib‐pair IBD proportions

The use of IBD proportions from a large set of affected sib‐pair data to estimate some or all of the main parameters describing the inheritance of a disease susceptibility gene is here considered. We assume there is no recombination present and neglect ascertainment bias, and assume that there are four distinct parental haplotypes present in each family.
Apprentissage et adaptation pour la modélisation stochastique de systèmes dynamiques réels

L'application concrete des algorithmes de l'intelligence artificielle est interessante, car les contraintes fortes mettent rapidement en relief les failles des algorithmes. J'etudie en particulier le probleme du diagnostic medical et de la navigation d'un robot, ou l'alliance des modeles de Markov aux ensembles flous fournit en un systeme performant et intuitif. La cooperation avec les medecins est facilitee par un apprentissage de diagnostic qui permet de corriger le resultat du systeme afin d'adapter le modele tout en respectant des contraintes numeriques. Un medecin peut donc modifier le modele de facon coherente, sans regler chaque parametre manuellement. Je montre enfin que l'approche peut se generaliser a de nombreux problemes. Cela a amene la realisation d'une interface de conception visuelle qui permet de relier simplement des objets entre eux pour obtenir le calcul desire. Cela aidera donc au developpement de nouvelles applications, tout en reduisant le travail des chercheurs.
Mapping binary precedence trees to hypercubes and meshes

The paper considers the mapping of communicating modules of a parallelized task to the processing elements of a parallel computer when precedence relationships among the modules is available. The goal of the mapping is to minimize the total execution time of the task, including both processing and communications time, within a processor network of limited size. This paper presents a method for contracting complete binary precedence trees with n nodes to trees with (n+1)/2 nodes with no increase in execution time. The authors then provide methods for embedding these trees into hypercubes and m-dimensional meshes. When embedded into the hypercube of dimension log(/sup n+1///sub 2/), or into meshes with dimension m>or=(log(/sup n+1///sub 2/))/2, the contracted tree is embedded with unit dilation and with no increase in execution time. For meshes with dimension m<(log(/sup n+1///sub 2/))/2, the method embeds the contracted tree with dilation O(n/sup 1/m/), and with no additional cost in processing time and limited link contention. Further contractions are carried out by contracting the hypercube or mesh. The mapping algorithms take O(n) time for the contraction and embedding steps. <<ETX>>
Tetraoxanes: Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Perspective

The discovery of artemisinin from Chinese medicinal plant, Artemisia annua in 1971, opened a new era in the malarial chemotherapy. This discovery was the beginning of exploring peroxides as potential replacements for the traditional antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine and mefloquine. The structurally simple class of peroxides that emerged from these studies was the 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes. This study describes the current status of tetraoxane‐based antimalarials that show significant promises because of their artemisinin‐like activity. Literature from 1999 has been critically reviewed and an attempt has been made to discuss various synthetic methods and structure–activity relationship study among the series of tetraoxane‐based compounds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 32, No. 3, 581–610, 2012
Perceived exertion, heart rate, oxygen uptake and blood lactate in different work operations.

The relation between perceived exertion and physiological indicators of exertion during exercise was studied. HR (heart rate) Vo2, (oxygen uptake) and blood lactate concentration were measured, and RPE (rating of perceived exertion) waa recorded at different work loads for 12 subjects working with a wheelbarrow, with lifting of weights, and on a bicycle ergometer. The results showed that RPE is related to HR in a fairly linear way irrespective of the kind of work. Differences in the level of perceived exertion in relation to heart rate were found between the different kinds of work. These differences were related, to some extent, to the amount of oxygen uptake and blood lactate concentration.
Content-Based Retrieval of Calcification Lesions in Mammography

In order to assist doctors to detect micro- calcifications, about the similar lesions retrieval problem of mammographic micro-calcification cluster, we develop a new algorithm with multi-feature fusion and relevance feedback based on the study of single feature and feature fusion using single distance measure image retrieving techniques, this method adopts multi-distance measure to calculate the similarity directing at different features. Experiment is based on mammography image database which contains 250 mammography images and each image contains calcification cluster, we verified the retrieval performance by the precision - recall ratio (PVR) of feature fusion using single distance, feature fusion using multi-distance and relevance feedback. Experimental results show that the method has a better retrieval result than these methods which based feature fusion which using single distance measurement.
Active push deployment technique improves stent/vessel-wall interaction in endovascular treatment of acute stroke with stent retrievers

Background The optimal interaction between stent struts and thrombus is crucial for successful revascularization in endovascular stroke therapy with stent retrievers. Deploying the stent retriever by actively pushing it into the thrombus increases the radial force with which the stent struts expand into the thrombus. Objective To examine the active push deployment (APD) technique in an in vitro model and present our clinical experience with this technique. Methods In an in vitro experiment we investigated the configuration of a Solitaire and a Trevo ProVue device (both 4×20 mm), depending on whether the devices were deployed using the APD technique or simple unsheathing. We retrospectively assessed the effectiveness and safety of this technique by analyzing 130 patients with large vessel occlusions (carotid T or M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery), who received endovascular treatment with a Trevo device (4×20 mm) that was deployed using the APD technique. Results In vitro experiment: the APD technique improved apposition of the devices to the vessel wall. There was widening of 30% (Trevo) and 19% (Solitaire) at the cost of a shortening of 5% and 4%, respectively, when the devices were deployed in a carotid T model. Clinical study: the revascularization rate (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ≥2b) with the Trevo device was 90%. There were no retriever-associated dissections or perforations in 278 retrieval maneuvers. Conclusions The APD technique improves apposition of the tested devices to the vessel wall. The widening effect comes at the cost of minimal shortening of the devices. Our clinical experience shows that using the APD technique to deploy the Trevo device is effective and safe.
Monolithic microwave amplifiers formed by ion implantation into LEC gallium arsenide substrates

A fabrication procedure for broad-band monolithic power GaAs integrated circuits has been demonstrated which includes formation of via holes through the 100-µm-thick GaAs substrate. A selective implant of29Si ions into the GaAs substrate is used to dope the FET channel region to 1.2 × 1017cm-3. The ohmic contacts are AuGe/Ni/Pt and the gates are Ti/Pt/Au. A 1.5-µm-thick circuit pattern is achieved using metal rejection assited by chlorobenzene treatment of AZ1350J photoresist. Using undoped Czochralski wafers of GaAs pulled from a pyrolytic boron nitride crucible, integrated amplifiers have been produced which deliver 28 ± 0.7 dBm from 5.7 to 11 GHz. These chips are 2 mm × 4.75 mm × 0.1 mm thick.
Prediction of MPPT Using Support Vector Machine for PV Module

As the traditional ways of Maximum Power Point Track(MPPT) suffers from some dissatisfaction,Support Vector Machines(SVM) is proposed to predict the output voltage of Maximum Power Point of PV module.SVM is a novel machine learning approach,which is based on the principle of structural risk minimization,unlike other traditional machine learning approach which is based on empirical risk minimization principle.SVM can perform well in Machine Learning with small sample.This paper presents a kind of SVM for the prediction and simulation of the voltage of the maximum power output in PV module.Compared with BP Neural Network,the simulation result of predict shows that the presented method based on SVM is more accurate.
[Detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using real-time polymerase chain reaction].

BACKGROUND For the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB), PCR is known to be sensitive, specific, and rapid compared to the conventional methods of acid-fast-bacilli (AFB) smear and culture. We evaluated a new approach for MTB detection using real-time PCR. METHODS The specificity of real-time PCR was evaluated using 20 MTB isolates and 37 nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolates identified by AccuProbe Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex colony identification test (Gen-Probe Inc., USA) and Myco-ID (M&D, Korea). One hundred sputum specimens (50 AFB smear-positive and 50 negative specimens) were analyzed using real-time PCR and Amplicor Mycobacterium tuberculosis test (Roche, Germany). The results of real-time PCR positives (55 samples) and negatives (598 samples) were analyzed by AFB smear and culture. RESULTS The real-time PCR assay accurately discriminated between MTB and NTM species. Realtime PCR and Amplicor test yielded the same results in 96.0% (96/100) of the sputum specimens tested. The sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR based on AFB culture were 97.4% and 88.5%, respectively. Of the 55 real-time PCR positive specimens, 83.6% (46/55) were culture-positive, 30.9% (17/55) were smear-positive, 52.7% (29/55) were smear-negative and culture-positive, and 14.5% (8/55) were both smear and culture-negative. Among the 598 real-time PCR negative specimens, 60 were not tested for AFB smear or culture and 10 were contaminated. Of the remaining 528 specimens, 478 (90.5%) were both smear and culture-negative and 39 (7.4%) were culture-positive. CONCLUSIONS For the detection of MTB, real-time PCR was sensitive and specific and comparable to conventional methods. It can be used for rapid identification of M. tuberculosis in clinical laboratories.
Global healthcare monitoring system using 6lowpan networks

Recent, technological advances in healthcare monitoring, sensors and wireless networking able to design a system for global healthcare monitoring applications such as ECG, SpO2, glucose, temperature etc. A 6lowpan (IPv6 low power wireless personal area networks) node with biomedical sensors strategically placed on the patient body area networks that can monitor biomedical data. The 6lowpan node has IP-address so it provides real-time feedback of patient to the service provider or doctor. Patient freely moves in-side the PAN or hospital area and service provider efficiently able to receive biomedical data. This technique we modified AODV protocol for pervasive 6lowpan networks. It used high level computational multi-hop communication method for transmitting biomedical data to the gateway. NS-2.33 simulator result shows the modified AODV protocol has better performance then LOAD and DYMO-low routing protocols for healthcare parameters. We tested real-time our modified protocols and show the performance of packet delivery ratio in time interval between 6lowpan nodes for healthcare parameters.
An adaptive notch filter for frequency estimation of a periodic signal

Online frequency estimation of a pure sinusoidal signal is a classical problem that has many practical applications. Recently an ANF with global convergence property has been developed for this purpose. There exist some practical applications in which signals are not pure sinusoidal and contain harmonics. Therefore, online frequency estimation of periodic but not necessarily sinusoidal signals espoused by such applications becomes quite important. This note presents an alternative stability analysis for a modified ANF that permits the presence of harmonics in the incoming signal. Also, this stability analysis is simpler and alleviates the problem complexity even in the case of pure sinusoidal signal. Simulation results confirm theoretical issues.
Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Position Evaluated by Ultrasound: Can it Replace Abdomen X-Ray in Patients Presenting Catheter Misplacement?

Abstract Background Malfunction of the peritoneal dialysis catheter is frequently caused by dislocation. The diagnostic approach is classically based on abdomen X-ray together with detailed case history and physical examination. Despite being rarely applied in clinical practice to evaluate catheter misplacement, ultrasound is a noninvasive, radiation-free technique that is potentially useful also to explore reasons for catheter malfunction. Consequently, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound to identify peritoneal catheter misplacement. Methods In a multicenter observational blinded study, we compared ultrasound to abdomen X-ray for catheter localization in 93 consecutive peritoneal dialysis patients with dialysate outflow problems enrolled in two nephrology and dialysis units. The position of the catheter was annotated on a standard scheme of nine abdominopelvic regions. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and Kappa coefficient were calculated. Results Dislocation out of the inferior abdominopelvic regions was present in 19 patients (20 %) at X-ray and 23 patients (25 %) at ultrasound. Correct determination of the position of the catheter in the lower abdomen by ultrasound had a sensitivity of 93 % (95 % CI 84 – 97 %), specificity of 95 % (95 % CI 72 – 100 %), positive predictive value of 99 % (95 % CI 91 – 100 %), negative predictive value of 78 % (95 %CI 56 – 92 %) and Kappa coefficient of 0.82 (95 % CI 0.67 – 0.96). In 10 out of 93 patients (11 %), there was a position mismatch between X-ray and ultrasound in an adjacent abdominopelvic region. Conclusion Our results suggest that abdomen X-ray for the evaluation of peritoneal catheter position can be replaced by ultrasound in experienced hands. This bedside diagnostic procedure might reduce costs, the time necessary for diagnosis and lifetime radiation exposure.
Alteration of Mortality and Pathogenesis of Three Experimental Herpesvirus hominis Infections of Mice with Adenine Arabinoside 5′-Monophosphate, Adenine Arabinoside, and Phosphonoacetic Acid

The therapeutic effectiveness of adenine arabinoside 5′-monophosphate (ara-AMP), adenine arabinoside (ara-A), and phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) was compared in three experimental Herpesvirus hominis type 2 infections of mice. In animals inoculated with H. hominis by the intracerebral or intraperitoneal route, both ara-AMP and ara-A were highly effective in reducing mortality even when treatment was begun 48 to 96 h after viral inoculation. ara-AMP was the most effective in both models in that treatment could be initiated 24 to 48 h later in the course of infection than with ara-A and still confer significant protection. In mice inoculated intraperitoneally, protection due to ara-AMP therapy was associated with reduced replication of virus in visceral organs and complete inhibition of transmission of virus to the brain. PAA treatment of mice inoculated intraperitoneally was effective in reducing mortality only if initiated shortly after infection. Treatment with PAA did not reduce mortality of mice inoculated intracerebrally but did prolong the mean day of death. When mice were inoculated intranasally with H. hominis, none of the three drugs altered final mortality; however, treatment with ara-AMP did prolong the mean day of death. Treatment with ara-AMP effectively reduced viral replication in the lung and liver in this model infection, but failed to prevent transmission of virus through the trigeminal nerves from the nasopharynx to the brain.