Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ideal Refinement of Datalog Clauses Using Primary Keys

Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) algorithms are frequently used to data mine multi-relational databases. However, in many ILP algorithms the use of primary key constraints is limited. We show how primary key constraints can be incorporated in a downward refinement operator. This refinement operator is proved to be finite, complete, proper and therefore ideal for clausal languages defined by primary keys. As part of our setup, we introduce a weak Object Identity subsumption relation between clauses which generalizes over traditional, full Object Identity. We find that the restrictions on the language and the subsumption relation are not very restrictive. We demonstrate the feasibility of our setup by showing how the refinement operator can be incorporated in the refinement strategy of common ILP algorithms.
Role of hippocampal sodium channel Nav1.6 in kindling epileptogenesis

Purpose: Central nervous system plasticity is essential for normal function, but can also reinforce abnormal network behavior, leading to epilepsy and other disorders. The role of altered ion channel expression in abnormal plasticity has not been thoroughly investigated. Nav1.6 is the most abundantly expressed sodium channel in the nervous system. Because of its distribution in the cell body and axon initial segment, Nav1.6 is crucial for action potential generation. The goal of the present study was to investigate the possible role of changes in Nav1.6 expression in abnormal, activity‐dependent plasticity of hippocampal circuits.
U-73122, an aminosteroid phospholipase C antagonist, noncompetitively inhibits thyrotropin-releasing hormone effects in GH3 rat pituitary cells.

TRH increases cytosolic-free calcium ([Ca2+]i) by activating phospholipase C(PL-C), which induces phosphoinositol hydrolysis, leading to Ca2+ mobilization from inositol trisphosphate (IP3) sensitive stores, and by increasing Ca2+ influx. Increases in [Ca2+]i stimulate PRL secretion. We investigated the effects of U-73122, an aminosteroid inhibitor of PL-C dependent processes, on TRH-stimulated second messenger pathways and on PRL secretion in GH3 rat pituitary cells. [Ca2+]i was monitored by Indo-1 fluorescence, and IP3 and metabolites separated on ion exchange columns. In Ca(2+)-free buffer, [Ca2+]i was 96 +/- 6 nM and increased to 323 +/- 23 nM (P less than 0.001) after TRH (100 nM). U-73122 dose dependently inhibited the TRH effect (IC50 = 967 nM; complete inhibition at 3-5 microM). Subsequent addition of monensin (100 microM) increased [Ca2+]i from 107 +/- 4 to 142 +/- 4 nM (P < 0.001), confirming our previous findings of a non-TRH regulated Ca2+ pool in GH3 cells. Pretreatment (15 sec) with U-73122 partly inhibited the TRH effect on [Ca2+]i; complete suppression occurred with 70 sec of pretreatment. An inactive analog (U-73343) had no inhibitory effect at 5 microM. U-73122 acted noncompetitively, as the mean maximum velocity (expressed as percent increase in [Ca2+]i after TRH) was reduced from 225 to 91 while the Michaelis-Menten constant for TRH was unchanged (15.4 vs. 13.8 nM, n = 3). Of note, U-73122, at 3-5 microM, increased basal [Ca2+]i from 109 +/- 5 to 120 +/- 5 nM (P less than 0.001). In 1.3 mM Ca2+ buffer containing nifedipine (1 microM) and verapamil (50 microM), similar effects of U-73122 (5 microM) were observed on basal and TRH-stimulated [Ca2+]i. IP3, IP2, and IP1 increased to 241 +/- 12%, 148 +/- 23%, and 167 +/- 39% of control, 30 sec after TRH (100 nM); these responses were prevented by 1 microM U-73122. At 5 microM, U-73122 also significantly increased IP3 levels. TRH (100 nM) increased 4-h PRL secretion from 16.3 +/- 1.4 to 27.6 +/- 3.2 ng/well (P less than 0.05). U-73122 (5 microM) increased basal PRL secretion to 35.9 +/- 3.2 ng/well (P less than 0.05), but abolished the TRH effect. In contrast, U-73343 (with Ca2+ channel blockers) did not inhibit the TRH effect on PRL (control: 24.3 +/- 2.1; TRH: 51.0 +/- 6.3 ng/well). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Theory for the temperature dependence of oxygen ordering in YBa2(Cu1-xMx)3O7-y due to impurities M=Al,Co,Fe.

The temperature dependence of oxygen ordering in YBa{sub 2}(Cu{sub 1{minus}{ital x}M{ital x}}){sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital y}} ({ital M}=Al,Co,Fe) is studied theoretically. A generalized mean-field model including short-range atomic correlations is used to investigate the effect of substitutional impurities on the ordering of oxygen atoms in the Cu(1) basal plane. The calculated phase diagram suggests that the macroscopically tetragonal phase observed for {ital x}{gt}0.025 and {ital y}{congruent}0 transforms at temperatures {ital T}{lt}800 K into an orthorhombic phase if the oxygen content in YBa{sub 2}(Cu{sub 1{minus}{ital x}M{ital x}}){sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital y}} is reduced.
Impact of signal-to-noise on functional MRI of the human amygdala

The impact of signal-to-noise (SNR) on fMRI of the amygdala was investigated during a picture encoding task. The SNR value required to observe reliable activation was determined by computer simulations. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) sensitivity maps were generated to indicate brain regions with sufficient SNR to test the statistical hypotheses. The results showed that the medial aspect of the amygdala had insufficient SNR to detect a 1% peak BOLD signal change for a t-test comparison in a majority of subjects. None of these subjects showed activation in regions with unacceptable SNR values, indicating a low false positive rate. Furthermore, hemispheric asymmetries in the BOLD sensitivity maps mirrored asymmetries in the activation patterns. Impoverished SNR was also found in the basal forebrain and orbitofrontal cortex. These findings emphasize the importance of considering SNR when interpreting fMRI results in the limbic forebrain.
TOWARDS COMPUTATIONAL SAPIENCE ( WISDOM ) : Sapient ( Wise ) Systems , their Design & Operation

In this Workshop article a Paradigm that can contribute with some essential aspects to establish a baseline for the development of Computational Sapience (Wisdom) as a new discipline is presented. It is demonstrated here that, under the proposed Paradigm, Computational Sapience (Wisdom) methodologies can be developed as a natural extension of some non-conventional (Soft Computing and Computational Intelligence) approaches. It is also also shown here that the proposed Paradigm serves as a general framework for the development of Intelligent / Sapient (Wise) Systems and MetaBots. Furthermore, it is also demonstrated here that under the proposed Paradigm, it is possible to establish some performance criteria for the proper Design and Operation of Intelligent and Sapient (Wise) Systems. These criteria are based on establishing proper bounds on some characterizing matrices having a prominent role on the performance of Intelligent and Sapient (Wise) Systems.
Software Reuse: Architecture, Process And Organization For Business Success

Systematic software reuse is the most effective way to significantly improve software development. Many organizations adopt object technology expecting significant reuse. Without an explicit reuse process, they will not succeed. Companies succeeding with reuse find that architecture, process, organization, culture, management and other non-technical factors are usually more critical than technology. This paper describes HP's software reuse practice and adoption experience, and a systematic approach to component-based software engineering based on object-oriented business and system modeling.
Beneficial effects of medical advice provided to elderly persons under the anti-aging health check-up system at Tokai University Tokyo Hospital.

OBJECTIVE Tokai University Tokyo Hospital implemented its holistic anti-aging health check-up system in June 2006. This system is characterized by more than 70 check items and the provision of individual post-diagnostic advice of far greater detail than an ordinary health check-up. We analyzed aging-related changes in subjects who had completed their second check-up in order to determine the difference before and after coaching type of medical advice. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-five recipients of the anti-aging health check-up at Tokai University Tokyo Hospital between June 2006 and April 2008 were included (15 males 10 females, mean age 65.1 ± 9.6 years, average check-up interval 12.5 ± 1.6 months). Based on the results of the first check-up, written advice on issues including diet, exercise, rest (sleep), smoking, alcohol intake, and supplements was provided by nutritionists, supplement advisers, and trainers specializing in Sports Medical Science in Tokai University. Besides this, doctors specializing in anti-aging medicine provided comprehensive coaching. Changes in BMI, abdominal girth at navel level, pressure wave velocity (PWV) and serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), adiponectin (Adi) and free testosterone (in males) were expressed as % basal change and compared in the first and second check-ups. RESULTS A year after the coaching, Adi and HDL-C both increased significantly while PWV tended to decrease. However, BMI and abdominal girth were unchanged. DHEA-S showed a rising trend while free testosterone also increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the coaching type of medical advice provided in the anti-aging health check-up potentially mitigates aging-related detrimental changes, bringing some benefits to elderly persons.
Genetic variation in the ability of several strains of rats to produce interferon in response to polyriboinosinic-polyribocytodilic acid

The ability of various strains of rats to produce interferon in response to polyriboinosinic-polyribocytodilic acid was investigated. ACI and DA (RT-1a), BN (RT-1n), Buffalo (RT-1b), August (RT-1c), and GH (RT-1l) strains produced low levels of interferon in response to intraperitoneal administration of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytodilic acid. However, Lewis (RT-1l) rats demonstrated a 20- to 40-fold higher response. The genetic basis of this difference in production was examined through use of F1 and backcross generations of rats. Both (ACI X Lewis) and (Lewis X ACI) F1 rats exhibited levels of interferon production intermediate to those of the parental strains. No maternal or paternal effects were observed. Results with the F1 rats and the wide variation of response also observed in the backcross generations of F1 rats to either low (ACI) or high (Lewis) responders suggested that several loci control the ability of these rats to produce interferon. Compatibility at the RT-1 locus in both low and high responders negates any significant involvement of the major histocompatibility complex in this control.
Production and Characterization of Guinea Pig Recombinant Gamma Interferon and Its Effect on Macrophage Activation

ABSTRACT Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) plays a critical role in the protective immune responses against mycobacteria. We previously cloned a cDNA coding for guinea pig IFN-γ (gpIFN-γ) and reported that BCG vaccination induced a significant increase in the IFN-γ mRNA expression in guinea pig cells in response to living mycobacteria and that the virulent H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis stimulated less IFN-γ mRNA than did the attenuated H37Ra strain. In this study, we successfully expressed and characterized recombinant gpIFN-γ with a histidine tag at the N terminus (His-tagged rgpIFN-γ) in Escherichia coli. rgpIFN-γ was identified as an 18-kDa band in the insoluble fraction; therefore, the protein was purified under denaturing conditions and renatured. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the recombinant protein yielded the sequence corresponding to the N terminus of His-tagged gpIFN-γ. The recombinant protein upregulated major histocompatibility complex class II expression in peritoneal macrophages. The antiviral activity of rgpIFN-γ was demonstrated with a guinea pig fibroblast cell line (104C1) infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. Interestingly, peritoneal macrophages treated with rgpIFN-γ did not produce any nitric oxide but did produce hydrogen peroxide and suppressed the intracellular growth of mycobacteria. Furthermore, rgpIFN-γ induced morphological alterations in cultured macrophages. Thus, biologically active rgpIFN-γ has been successfully produced and characterized in our laboratory. The study of rgpIFN-γ will further increase our understanding of the cellular and molecular responses induced by BCG vaccination in the guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis.
A Semi-Automatic Method for Building Boundary Extraction from Airborne Lidar Data

This paper presents a semi-automatic approach to building boundary extraction using airborne lidar data. Three steps are proposed and implemented directly on the lidar points rather than on the rasters obtained from the lidar data. First, ground points and non-ground points are separated using an adaptive morphological filter in order to remove the ground points. Then a fusion of methods including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), hierarchical clustering and thresholding is employed to further remove unwanted objects such as trees and cars. Finally, the boundary polygons are extracted and delineated based on alpha-shape and Douglas-Peucker algorithms. The extracted polygons are assessed in terms of 11 indices categorized in three evaluation methods. The test results show that the proposed method can accurately extract urban residential buildings from airborne lidar data.
Medial temporal theta state before an event predicts episodic encoding success in humans

We report a human electrophysiological brain state that predicts successful memory for events before they occur. Using magnetoencephalographic recordings of brain activity during episodic memory encoding, we show that amplitudes of theta oscillations shortly preceding the onsets of words were higher for later-recalled than for later-forgotten words. Furthermore, single-trial analyses revealed that recall rate in all 24 participants tested increased as a function of increasing prestimulus theta amplitude. This positive correlation was independent of whether participants were preparing for semantic or phonemic stimulus processing, thus likely signifying a memory-related theta state rather than a preparatory task set. Source analysis located this theta state to the medial temporal lobe, a region known to be critical for encoding and recall. These findings provide insight into state-related aspects of memory formation in humans, and open a perspective for improving memory through theta-related brain states.
Performance of Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Diversity Networks with Generalized Selection Combining over Nakagami-m Fading Channels

This letter investigates the symbol error rate (SER) and outage behavior of the amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol with the generalized selection combining (GSC) scheme over Nakagami-m fading channels. The asymptotic expressions of the SER and outage probability at the high SNR regions have been derived. The diversity gain has been investigated as well. Simulation results verify the tightness and accuracy of the presented analysis at the high SNR regions. These results are quite simple and general for the arbitrary value of Nakagami-m fading figure. More importantly, the proposed approach is applicable to other fading channels. Performances for Rayleigh, Rician and Hoyt fading channels are also evaluated in this letter.
Admissibility of polygraph tests: The application of scientific standards post- Daubert .

The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Daubert modernized the long-standing Frye precedent and requires courts to make scientific judgments. Courts, however, are not well-equipped to parse scientific arguments and the Daubert criteria offer only a rudimentary framework for decision-making. To illustrate the problems, as well as possible ways for courts to deal with scientific evidence, the paper focuses on the controversy over admissibility of polygraph (so-called “lie detector”) test evidence. Application of the Daubert criteria for assessing whether polygraph test results can stand as admissible evidence are considered. The concepts of “reliability” and “validity”, as used in the behavioral sciences, are discussed in relation to polygraph testing and the key question suggested by Daubert as to whether extant research actually tests the accuracy of polygraphy is examined. This discussion demonstrates the difficulties in attempting to apply the Daubert criteria, because validity is a very broad concept with both theoretical and empirical aspects, and because proper empirical tests of any scientifically-based technique must satisfy complex methodological criteria. The present analysis demonstrates that although the validity of polygraph test results has been examined across many studies, none of them satisfies the necessary criteria, and therefore, accuracy rates of polygraph test results are unavailable. If Daubert criteria are to be applied, social scientists and courts need to develop a common language. Although it is unreasonable to expect judges to develop the skills of expert scientists, they must become educated science consumers. There is some evidence, at least in the case of polygraph testing, that courts are making these complex judgments and that justice is being served.
Texture-Based Airport Runway Detection

The automatic detection of airports is essential due to the strategic importance of these targets. In this letter, a runway detection method based on textural properties is proposed since they are the most descriptive element of an airport. Since the best discriminative features for airport runways cannot be trivially predicted, the Adaboost algorithm is employed as a feature selector over a large set of features. Moreover, the selected features with corresponding weights can provide information on the hidden characteristics of runways. Thus, the Adaboost-based selected feature subset can be used for both detecting runways and identifying their textural characteristics. Thus, a coarse representation of possible runway locations is obtained. The performance of the proposed approach was validated by experiments carried on a data set of large images consisting of heavily negative samples.
Energy adaptive immune genetic algorithm for collaborative design task scheduling in Cloud Manufacturing system

A new manufacturing paradigm, i.e. Cloud Manufacturing (CMfg) has been proposed recently. In order to satisfy high efficiency and low cost collaborative design task scheduling in CMfg, a new energy adaptive immune genetic algorithm (EAIGA) was designed. With the introduction of potential energy storage and detection, the new algorithm can not only improve searching diversity based on immune strategy, but also adaptively adjust the probabilities of crossover and mutation with low time complexity. The experimental results demonstrate that the new algorithm can effectively solving collaborative design task scheduling problem with a good balance between searching diversification and intensification.
Electron energy loss and induced photon emission in photonic crystals

The interaction of a fast electron with a photonic crystal is investigated by solving the Maxwell equations exactly for the external field provided by the electron in the presence of the crystal. The energy loss is obtained from the retarding force exerted on the electron by the induced electric field, and the photon emission probability is calculated from the far-field Poynting vector. The features of the energy-loss spectra are shown to be related to the photonic band structure of the crystal. Two different regimes are discussed: for small lattice constants a relative to the wavelength of the associated electron excitations $\ensuremath{\lambda},$ an effective medium theory can be used to describe the material; however, for $a\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{\lambda}$ the photonic band structure plays an important role. Special attention is paid to the frequency gap regions in the latter case.
A PIT tag based analysis of annual movement patterns of adult fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra) in a Middle European habitat

We studied patterns of annual movement of individual adult fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra) during the years 2001 and 2002 in Western Germany in a typical middle European habitat for this species. We tested whether salamanders inhabit small home ranges and move little during the activity period as predicted for a species that shows strong site fidelity to a limited area. Initially, 98 individuals were collected in their natural habitat and marked with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. Of those individuals 88 were released at the collection site for recapture during the activity periods of the years 2001 and 2002. Ten marked individuals were kept in captivity to test for the tolerance of PIT tags. We did not find any negative impact of PIT tags on marked individuals of S. salamandra, neither under captive nor natural conditions. Forty-seven of the marked individuals (corresponding to 53% of the 88 released ones) were recaptured at least once and 28 individuals (corresponding to 32%) were recaptured multiple times. The return rate of males (78%) was higher than for females (43%). Mean home range size (and standard deviation) was estimated to 494 ± 282 m 2 for 4 individuals as the minimum convex polygon based on 5 to 6 recapture events for each individual per year and to 1295 ± 853 m 2 for 3 individuals with 8 records over two years. Minimum distances moved inferred from individual recaptures increased during the activity period of both years with time, indicating that individuals have more of a tendency to disperse than to stay within a limited area. Our data suggest therefore that S. salamandra adults display site fidelity, but use a much larger area than hitherto documented for this and other terrestrial salamander species.
Minimization of Outlet Edge Force Using Stair Shape Auxiliary Teeth in a Stationary Discontinuous Armature Linear Permanent Magnet Motor

The stationary discontinuous armatures that are used in permanent magnet linear synchronous motors (PM-LSMs) have been proposed as a driving source for transportation systems. However, the stationary discontinuous armature PM-LSM contains the outlet edges which always exist as a result of the discontinuous arrangement of the armature. For this reason, the high alteration of the outlet edge cogging force produced between the armature's core and the mover's permanent magnet when a mover passes the boundary between the armature's installation part and non-installation part has been indicated as a problem. Therefore, we have examined the outlet edge cogging force by installing the stair-shaped auxiliary teeth at the armature's outlet edge in order to minimize the outlet edge cogging force generated when the armature is arranged discontinuously. This paper presents the results of 2-D numerical analysis by FEM of the cogging force exerted by the outlet edge.
A study on the welding deformation due to laser hybrid butt welding

Welding is one of the fundamental processes in manufacturing marine structures. It has been well appreciated that more efficient welding process is needed in order to improve the productivity in manufacturing procedure of marine structure. Laser hybrid welding process is one of the best candidates to meet this need. The purpose of this study is to develop the simplified formulas to predict the angular distortion and transverse shrinkage of thin panels due to butt welding using laser hybrid arc welding process. Welding tests have been carried out with varying parameters which affects weld-induced deformation. The present thermo-elasto plastic analysis by nonlinear finite element analysis scheme has been also carried out through the thermo-elasto plastic analysis, and formula to predict the angular distortion and shrinkage are derived based on results of both numerical simulation and welding tests.