Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photophysical Properties and Antibacterial Activity of Meso‐substituted Cationic Porphyrins ¶

A series of derivatives of 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis‐(4‐N‐methylpyridyl)‐porphine, where one N‐methyl group was replaced by a hydrocarbon chain ranging from C6 to C22, were characterized for their photophysical and photosensitizing properties. The absorption and fluorescence features of the various compounds in neutral aqueous solutions were typical of largely monomeric porphyrins, with the exception of the C22 derivative, which appeared to be extensively aggregated. This was confirmed by the very low triplet quantum yield and lifetime of the C22 derivative as compared with 0.2–0.7 quantum yields and 88–167 μs lifetimes for the other porphyrins. The photophysical properties and photosensitizing activity toward N‐acetyl‐l‐tryptophanamide of the C22 porphyrin became comparable to those typical of the other derivatives in 2% aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate, where the C22 compound is fully monomerized. All the porphyrin derivatives exhibited at micromolar concentrations photoinactivation activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, even though the gram‐negative bacteria were markedly less photosensitive. The photosensitizing efficiency was influenced by (1) the amount of cell‐bound porphyrin, which increased with increasing length of the hydrocarbon chain; and (2) the tendency to undergo partial aggregation in the cell, which seems to be especially important for the C22 derivative.
Developing visual expertise in software engineering: An eye tracking study

Program comprehension and the ability to find program errors are key skills of software engineering. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the visual processes of novice and advanced programmers in authentic tasks. Fifteen novices and eight advanced programmers were given eight short pieces of code. Their task was to either identify an error or give the output of the code. Eye movements and keyboard activity were recorded. On average, the novices spent more time reading the code than composing the response, whereas the more advanced programmers started composing the response sooner and spent more time on it. In general, the advanced programmers had shorter fixations and saccades. The results suggest that the advanced programmers are quicker to grasp the essence of the code and able to see more details in it. The advanced programmers had shorter fixations and saccade lengths during the second phase which might indicate the process of chunking.
Reverse Genetics and High Throughput Sequencing Methodologies for Plant Functional Genomics

In the post-genomic era, increasingly sophisticated genetic tools are being developed with the long-term goal of understanding how the coordinated activity of genes gives rise to a complex organism. With the advent of the next generation sequencing associated with effective computational approaches, wide variety of plant species have been fully sequenced giving a wealth of data sequence information on structure and organization of plant genomes. Since thousands of gene sequences are already known, recently developed functional genomics approaches provide powerful tools to analyze plant gene functions through various gene manipulation technologies. Integration of different omics platforms along with gene annotation and computational analysis may elucidate a complete view in a system biology level. Extensive investigations on reverse genetics methodologies were deployed for assigning biological function to a specific gene or gene product. We provide here an updated overview of these high throughout strategies highlighting recent advances in the knowledge of functional genomics in plants.
Model‐guided microarray implicates the retromer complex in Alzheimer's disease

Although, in principle, gene expression profiling is well suited to isolate pathogenic molecules associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), techniques such as microarray present unique analytic challenges when applied to disorders of the brain. Here, we addressed these challenges by first constructing a spatiotemporal model, predicting a priori how a molecule underlying AD should behave anatomically and over time. Then, guided by the model, we generated gene expression profiles of the entorhinal cortex and the dentate gyrus, harvested from the brains of AD cases and controls covering a broad age span. Among many expression differences, the retromer trafficking molecule VPS35 best conformed to the spatiotemporal model of AD. Western blotting confirmed the abnormality, establishing that VPS35 levels are reduced in brain regions selectively vulnerable to AD. VPS35 is the core molecule of the retromer trafficking complex and further analysis revealed that VPS26, another member of the complex, is also downregulated in AD. Cell culture studies, using small interfering RNAs or expression vectors, showed that VPS35 regulates Aβ peptide levels, establishing the relevance of the retromer complex to AD. Reviewing our findings in the context of recent studies suggests how downregulation of the retromer complex in AD can regulate local levels of Aβ peptide. Ann Neurol 2005;58:909–919
Influence of Flexible Work Arrangement on Organizational Performance in the Banking Industry in Kenya

There has been a very intense need for employees who are talented in order to enhance the competitive advantage of the organizations. Customer satisfaction and customer service being the prime work in the banking sector has evoked changes which consequently have brought changes in work setups. For example employees in the banking sector in Kenya are more involved in their jobs, working longer hours more than 48 hours hence making it difficult for employees to keep a balance between job, family and other personal issues . This has resulted in work life conflicts which has been found to be associated with mental health issues like stress and depression. The study objective was to determine the influence of flexible work arrangement on organizational performance in the banking industry in Kenya.This study adopted across sectional survey. The target population initially consisted of 44 registered banks by the central bank of Kenya but the study covered 43 banks focusing on branches in Nairobi because at the time of data collection one bank was under receivership. Primary data was collected using questionnaires that had both structured and unstructured questions. On data analysis, multiple regression analysis was used to regress relationship between flexible work arrangements and organizational performance. It was found that work place flexibility initiatives are increasingly seen as a critical component of a result-driven workplace. More and more organizations are recognizing how flexible work arrangements can be used to meet their business objectives and facilitate employee effectiveness on and off the job. The study concluded that consideration of flexible work arrangement aspects that pertains to employees, can greatly influence organizational performance in banks in Kenya.
A Knowledge Assets Mapping Methodology to View Organizational Knowledge-Based Value Creation Dynamics

Nowadays knowledge assets are widely recognized as resources that play a pivotal role in value creation dynamics of organizations (e.g. Grant, 1996; Itami and Roehl, 1987; Nahapiet and Ghoshal, 1998; Schiuma et al., 2007; Teece, 2000). Increasingly, companies’ competitiveness is associated to the strength and capacity to create value for stakeholders by developing and exploiting organizational knowledge assets (e.g. Boisot, 1998; Grant, 1996; Hall, 1993; Liebowitz, 1999; Teece, 2000). In today’s business landscape organizations are aware that the mere ownership and protection of knowledge assets are not enough to ABSTRACT
Identifying regrettable messages on social networks

The things you post on the internet can stay there for years, or maybe even forever. People often forget that their posts on online social networks can be read by more people than they think. Even things that are posted privately to a group of friends may leak to a larger audience when the post is spread further by one of the friends. According to one study, 41% of Twitter users regret placing certain tweets. When such a tweet is posted, only 11% realizes immediately after posting that it was a mistake. This may cause harm to their careers or relationships. Therefore it is reasonable to say that social network users could use a little help with determining what to show on the social network. Our study makes a ﬁrst step towards ﬁnding a methodology that enables users to detect regrettable messages on social networks. We imagine that this methodology might be used in the future by products that either warn a user before posting, or that remove sensitive posts from a social network account in bulk. We have implemented a proof of concept using a small data set, gathered through crowdsourcing. We use classiﬁcation techniques from machine learning to classify tweets as sensitive or not sensitive. The classiﬁer in our implementation is able to correctly classify tweets in 57% of the cases. This is not yet a usable classiﬁer, but it illustrates that there is a potential to solve the problem. Using better data and better feature extraction, a good solution could be developed based on our proof of concept.
Risk aversion, collateral requirements and the markets for credit and insurance in rural areas

The main theme of this paper is the systematic exploration of the interrelated difficulties of rural credit and insurance markets. The difficulties are traced to an identical set of information, incentives and management problems which arise in spatially disposed agricultural production systems. In Section I experimental studies of risk aversion are discussed. Also discussed in this section are some of the many alternative means for stabilizing agricultural incomes such as crop diversification, price stabilization or public works; and, the potential impact of crop diversification, crop insurance and price stabilization on revenue risks is explored quantitatively across agroclimatic zones. Section II discusses a set of assumptions for credit and insurance markets. Section III explores the implications of these assumptions for credit and insurance markets, with special emphasis on the role of collateral in credit markets and the role of compulsion in insurance markets. In Section IV the special issues which arise in agriculture out of the spatial distribution of production are discussed, and Section V uses these results to explore the demand for agricultural insurance on the part of formal lending institutions in rural areas.
A totally asymmetric exclusion process with hierarchical long range connections

A non-equilibrium particle transport model, the totally asymmetric exclusion process, is studied on a one-dimensional lattice with a hierarchy of fixed long range connections. This model breaks the particle–hole symmetry observed on an ordinary one-dimensional lattice and results in a surprisingly simple phase diagram, without a maximum current phase. Numerical simulations of the model with open boundary conditions reveal a number of dynamic features and suggest possible applications.
Integration of Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treatment into HIV Clinical Care: Lessons From the BHIVES Collaborative

Background:Replication of effective practices requires detailed descriptions of implementation processes, barriers and facilitators, and lessons learned. The experiences of physicians leading the Buprenorphine HIV Evaluation and Support initiative provides valuable information for other HIV providers seeking to integrate medication-assisted treatment services into HIV clinical care. Methods:Evaluation staff conduced site visits to the 10 funded Buprenorphine HIV Evaluation and Support programs to better understand buprenorphine/naloxone (bup/nx) integration practices; services offered; staffing; provider experiences with and perceptions of bup/nx; perceived barriers, facilitators, and sustainability; and recommendations regarding replication of integrated care program components. Interviews with site principal investigators conducted during the last year of program implementation were transcribed, coded, and analyzed according to both pre-identified and emerging themes. Results:Integrated bup/nx and HIV treatment was successfully introduced to community and hospital-based clinics under the direction of infectious disease, psychiatry, and general internal medicine physicians. All but 1 of the principal investigators interviewed were highly satisfied with integrated HIV and bup/nx treatment, and all anticipated continued provision of the service. Multiple prescribers were necessary to ensure sufficient coverage and a bup/nx coordinator (eg, nurse, counselor) was seen as essential to the provision of quality care. Ongoing challenges included multisubstance use and mental health issues among patients; limited adoption of bup/nx treatment among colleagues; and the necessity of incorporating new procedures, including urine toxicology testing into established practice. Conclusions:Findings suggest that integrated bup/nx treatment and HIV care is acceptable to providers and feasible in a variety of practice settings.
MANDATORY ADOPTION OF IASB STANDARDS, INCOME SMOOTHING, AND REACTIONS OF THE JORDANIAN EMERGING ASE MARKET

Our paper aims to study the impact of the regulatory disclosure requirements enacted in 2004 on the income smoothing behaviour (a proxy for quality of financial reporting) and on firm valuation (measured by Topins' q ratio) of Jordanian listed firms on Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). Our perception is that the new disclosure requirements of 2004 hold higher quality as a reporting system for the ASE market than did the one of 1998. A higher reporting quality is expected as the new disclosure requirements of 2004 had removed the conditions over adopting IASB-based standards that existed under the previous regulatory disclosure requirements along with bringing new structural and procedural changes. Previous literature suggested that IASB standards have been long perceived as a set of high quality reporting standards. Under such perceptions, we expect the reporting quality to increase, which in return, would impact the market valuation for listed firms. To perform our study, we selected a sample of 94 out of 133 publicly listed service and industrial Jordanian firms at the ASE. The sample consists of 58 industrial and 36 service listed firms. Our findings indicate a positive impact on both of the quality of reporting and market valuation of service firms with the new regulation of 2004 compared to a negative impact on the quality of reporting and a positive impact on market valuation of industrial firms.
Decode and forward relaying for energy-efficient multiuser cooperative cognitive radio network with outage constraints

We investigate the optimal allocation of power in the downlink cooperative cognitive radio network using decode and forward (DF) relaying technique. The power allocation in DF relaying for green cooperative cognitive radio with an objective of maximising energy-efficiency is a constraint non-linear non-convex fractional programming problem. The optimisation needs to satisfy the primary users interference constraints and secondary users outage constraints. The authors present the optimal power allocation in DF relaying by transforming the constraint non-linear non-convex fractional power allocation problem into a concave fractional programme by using Charnes–Cooper transformation. The authors also present an iterative algorithm that uses parametric transformation and guarantees e-optimal convergence. The convergence of the iterative algorithm is proved and numerical results obtained for cooperative cognitive radio network are presented with different network parameter settings.
Multiple species of CPP 32 and Mch 2 are the major active caspases present in apoptotic cells residue , a very unusual substrate specificity for eukaryotic

residue, a very unusual substrate specificity for eukaryotic Lavina Faleiro1,2, Ryuji Kobayashi1, proteases, although not every aspartate provides a cleavage Howard Fearnhead1 and Yuri Lazebnik1 site. In fact, only about a dozen proteins cleaved by 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, caspases in vivo have been identified. Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 and 2Graduate Program in Molecular The key observation linking caspases to apoptosis was and Cellular Biology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, the finding that CED-3, a protein essential for apoptosis Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA in Caenorhabditis elegans, is a caspase (Xue and Horvitz, 1995; Yuan et al., 1993). This finding prompted the search The activity of ICE-like proteases or caspases is essenfor the mammalian equivalent of CED-3. The observation tial for apoptosis. Multiple caspases participate in that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is cleaved apoptosis in mammalian cells but how many caspases during apoptosis (Kaufmann et al., 1993) by a caspase are involved and what is their relative contribution to activity (Lazebnik et al., 1994) led to the identification of cell death is poorly understood. To identify caspases this activity as CPP32 (Nicholson et al., 1995; Tewari activated in apoptotic cells, we developed an approach et al., 1995), a caspase cloned previously (Fernandesto simultaneously detect multiple active caspases. Using Alnemri et al., 1994). Since CPP32 could cleave PARP tumor cells as a model, we have found that CPP32 and because inhibitors of CPP32 blocked apoptosis, it (caspase 3) and Mch2 (caspase 6) are the major active was concluded that CPP32 is the mammalian CED-3 caspases in apoptotic cells, and are activated in response equivalent. to distinct apoptosis-inducing stimuli and in all cell However, while only one caspase is known in C.elegans, lines analyzed. Both CPP32 and Mch2 are present in 10 caspases have been identified in humans (Alnemri apoptotic cells as multiple active species. In a given et al., 1996). Of these only ICE, which processes cytokines, cell line these species remained the same irrespective has a well established function (Thornberry, 1994; Gu of the apoptotic stimulus used. However, the species of et al., 1997). The diversity of human caspases raised the CPP32 and Mch2 detected varied between cell lines, question of whether CPP32 is the only apoptotic caspase indicating differences in caspase processing. The or if other caspases are also required. The answer to this strategy described here is widely applicable to identify question is critical both for understanding apoptosis and for active caspases involved in apoptosis. developing therapeutic strategies that target this process.
Design of a Six-Port Junction Using Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide

A six-port junction is designed using the newly proposed half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) technology. HMSIW origins from the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and have the advantage of reduced size. In this structure, a HMSIW hybrid 3dB coupler and phase shifting element are designed as fundamental building blocks. A HMSIW six-port junction circuit operating at 11.5~13.5 GHz is designed. Full wave simulation results verify the design.
A Comprehensive Clinical Assessment Tool to Inform Policy and Practice: Applications of the Minimum Data Set

The Minimum Data Set (MDS) for nursing home (NH) resident assessment, designed to assess elders’ functional status and care needs, exemplifies how the information needs of clinical practice are congruent with those of research. Building on a review of the published literature, this article describes the development of the MDS, its reliability and validity testing, as well as the variety of different policy and research uses to which it has been applied. Interrater reliability of items and internal consistency of MDS summary scales is generally good to excellent. Validation studies reveal good correspondence to research quality instruments for cognition, activities of daily living, and diagnoses with more variable results for vision, pain, mood, and behavior scales. To date, no consistent evidence suggests that applications of MDS data for case-mix reimbursement and quality indicator monitoring systematically bias the data. Although facility variation in data quality could compromise some applications, creation of the MDS as a clinical tool for care planning provides an example of how assessment tools with clinical use can be used in administrative databases for research and policy applications.
Parking at homes and at workplaces. Effects on car ownership and car use in cities

Most employees in Norwegian cities have access to free parking at their workplace. They also say it is easy to find a parking space when arriving at work. A reduced number of parking spaces at workplaces is more effective for reducing the use of cars than a parking fee. A monthly charge has smaller effect than a daily charge. The report describes how residential parking may influence on car ownership and car use. A household will reduce the use of their car – and also their car ownership – if it does not have a reserved (or owned) parking space or if there is a distance between home and the parked car.
A social contextual analysis of youth cigarette smoking development.

INTRODUCTION We apply a social contextual perspective based on Bronfenbrenner's ecology of human development theory to understanding development of youth cigarette smoking. We examine the contributions of family, peer, school, and neighborhood contexts. Context attributes examined were derived from social learning and social control theories. METHODS Data are from 6,544 youth who participated in at least one of five waves of data collection between Spring 2002 and Spring 2004, 1,663 randomly selected parents who participated in one or more of three waves of data collection in the same time period; and the U.S. Census. Three-level hierarchical growth models were used to examine the contributions of time-varying measures of the four social contexts to development of smoking from age 11-17 years. Interactions between variables were examined within and between social contexts. RESULTS Attributes of each social context made independent contributions to adolescent smoking development; there also were significant interactions between variables from different contexts indicating joint contextual effects. Attributes of the social bond moderated exposure to models of smoking within and between the family and peer contexts. DISCUSSION Results suggest the value of a social contextual perspective in research on the etiology of youth smoking development as well as the utility of guidance by social learning and social control theories. While all contexts were implicated in adolescent smoking, the family and peer contexts were primarily implicated, with findings suggesting the need for consideration of interactive effects between social learning and social control variables within and between these contexts.
PENGARUH KEPERCAYAAN DAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN

This study aimed to examine and explain the effect of variables of customer satisfaction and trust on customer loyalty in the smartphone Samsung Galaxy.It takes 55 users of smartphones who have Samsung Galaxy in Jombang as the research sample.The sampling technique used non-probability, particularly accidental sampling technique. Data are then analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis. These results indicate that there is a positive and significant impact of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty and trust on customer loyalty.