Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Relations: An Evaluation of Search Strategies

Inducing concept descriptions in first order logic is inherently a complex task; then, heuristics are needed to keep the problem to manageable size. In this paper we explore the effect of alternative search strategies, including the use of information gain and of a-priori knowledge, on the quality of the acquired relations, intended as the ability to reconstruct the rule used to generate the examples. To this aim, an artificial domain has been created, in which the experimental conditions can be kept under control, the "solution" of the learning problem is known and a perfect theory is available. Another investigated aspect is the impact of more complex description languages, such as, for instance, including numerical quantifiers. The results show that the information gain criterion is too greedy to be useful when the concepts have a complex internal structure; however, this drawback is more or less shared with any purely statistical evaluation criterion. The addition of parts of the available domain theory increases the obtained performance level. Similar results have been previously obtained on a number of real applications and of test-cases taken from standard machine learning data bases.
Researching religious tolerance education using discourse analysis: a case study from Indonesia

ABSTRACT Complementing existing studies on religious tolerance education which have mainly evaluated interventions using pre–post designs, this article argues that discourse analysis can be a viable alternative methodology for generating new knowledge in this field. To illuminate the potentials of discourse analysis, the article also presents a case study of the application of this methodology in analysing a religious tolerance education project in an under-represented Global South country, Indonesia – where religious conservatism and intolerance are on the rise. Following the contact hypothesis, the project involved students from different religions working on a film-making group assignment about religious tolerance. Three key discourses drawn upon by students in giving meaning to religious tolerance within these films are identified, namely, a discourse of nationalism, tolerant theologies, and romantic love; and their implications are discussed with regard to the promotion of religious tolerance in education.
Association Football and Statistical Inference

A comparison of the final league tables of the 1971–72 football season, with forecasts made by Goal before the season began, shows significant positive correlation. This seems to indicate that football results are not pure chance (although there is obviously a considerable element of chance). The paper questions how the data would have been handled by statisticians who do not approve of significance tests.
The Approximation of Fixed Points of Compositions of Nonexpansive Mappings in Hilbert Space

Determining fixed points of nonexpansive mappings is a frequent problem in mathematics and physical sciences. An algorithm for finding common fixed points of nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert space, essentially due to Halpern, is analyzed. The main theorem extends Wittmann's recent work and partially generalizes a result by Lions. Algorithms of this kind have been applied to the convex feasibility problem.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) 1-1-2010 User Experience in Evaluating Virtual Product Prototypes

Experiential and emotional aspects have recently become central to understanding of interaction with technology. Understanding the building blocks of user experience helps in defining and designing better information systems and increasing market success of products. This paper focuses on user experience via users’ evaluations of virtual product prototypes. User experience being subjective, we analyse it through users’ own interpretations. The specific aim of this paper is to explain the alternative views on how consumers understand virtual product prototypes. We presented threedimensional prototypes of furniture to twenty test users and interviewed them afterwards. Phenomenography was used as a research approach for analyzing the descriptions, allowing us to outline, with the help of two layers, the differences in consumers’ understandings. The first layer contains the conceptions which consumers use when they describe virtual product prototypes. Based on the variations in the versatility of each test user’s description we constructed the second layer, which focuses on the forms of thinking. The three forms are: seeing I) a picture of a product via new technology, II) a separate product, and III) a product in its context. In our results, the user experience is understood as a unique combination of various elements, which extends over time.
The Testing Effect and How It Affects the Performance of 6 th Grade Students

The Learning Curve is an occasional journal of education by students and professors. Abstract The testing effect is a useful method of instruction. However it has only been used sporadically as an instructional method. This study examined whether or not students perform better on average with an increased amount of tests in comparison to an average amount of tests. The study was conducted over a period of two weeks when the students received an increase of tests aligning with the state and Common Core standards. At the conclusion of the two weeks, the average of the group of students with the testing effect was compared to the average of the group without the testing effect.
Possible Increased Pathogenicity of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Virus upon Reassortment

Since emergence of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in April 2009, three influenza A viruses—seasonal (H3N2), seasonal (H1N1), and pandemic (H1N1) 2009—have circulated in humans. Genetic reassortment between these viruses could result in enhanced pathogenicity. We compared 4 reassortant viruses with favorable in vitro replication properties with the wild-type pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus with respect to replication kinetics in vitro and pathogenicity and transmission in ferrets. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses containing basic polymerase 2 alone or in combination with acidic polymerase of seasonal (H1N1) virus were attenuated in ferrets. In contrast, pandemic (H1N1) 2009 with neuraminidase of seasonal (H3N2) virus resulted in increased virus replication and more severe pulmonary lesions. The data show that pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus has the potential to reassort with seasonal influenza viruses, which may result in increased pathogenicity while it maintains the capacity of transmission through aerosols or respiratory droplets.
Spaces of openness

This paper contributes to debates on urban citizenship and public culture. Drawing on detailed empirical research in Istanbul, Turkey, we analyse two key contemporary arts organisations that experiment with new organisational and curatorial practices in order to realise cultural infrastructures of common life in a city strongly shaped by urban development along neoliberal and neoconservative lines. Empirically, this directs attention to the near-complete absence of Turkish government actors and in turn the major role played by Turkish private businesses as well as public organisations, mostly from Europe, in supporting the contemporary arts in Istanbul. This particular institutional geography of funding and support sustains a local space of openness and autonomy from state intervention and enables these organisations to develop situated strategies of urban engagement. Theoretically, this paper develops the notion of spaces of openness and argues that these spaces are usefully conceptualised as experimental, networked and solidary.
On the hardness of negotiations in multi-agent systems

In multi-agent negotiation the difficulty of the problem depends on how many issues are under negotiation and how complex agents' utility functions are. In this paper we propose a framework for evaluating different techniques for solving negotiation problems and used it to show how hard a negotiation problem can become. We used mediated single text negotiation protocol with genetic algorithms mediator and hill climber agents. Negotiations were conducted over deals with binary issues presented as binary strings. Utility functions with binary and higher levels of dependency between issues were used. Our results show that size of problem does not affect performance, until higher levels of dependency between issues are presented in utility functions. Genetic algorithm method was able to solve the problem with relatively good performance in all levels of dependency that we tested.
Genome sequence of the exopolysaccharide-producing Salipiger mucosus type strain (DSM 16094T), a moderately halophilic member of the Roseobacter clade

Salipiger mucosus Martínez-Cànovas et al. 2004 is the type species of the genus Salipiger, a moderately halophilic and exopolysaccharide-producing representative of the Roseobacter lineage within the alphaproteobacterial family Rhodobacteraceae. Members of this family were shown to be the most abundant bacteria especially in coastal and polar waters, but were also found in microbial mats and sediments. Here we describe the features of the S. mucosus strain DSM 16094T together with its genome sequence and annotation. The 5,689,389-bp genome sequence consists of one chromosome and several extrachromosomal elements. It contains 5,650 protein-coding genes and 95 RNA genes. The genome of S. mucosus DSM 16094T was sequenced as part of the activities of the Transregional Collaborative Research Center 51 (TRR51) funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG).
Approaches to Assess Computational Thinking Competences Based on Code Analysis in K-12 Education: A Systematic Mapping Study

As computing has become an integral part of our world, demand for teaching computational thinking in K-12 has increased. One of its basic competences is programming, often taught by learning activities without a predefined solution using block-based visual programming languages. Automatic assessment tools can support teachers with their assessment and grading as well as guide students throughout their learning process. Although being already widely used in higher education, it remains unclear if such approaches exist for K-12 computing education. Thus, in order to obtain an overview, we performed a systematic mapping study. We identified 14 approaches, focusing on the analysis of the code created by the students inferring computational thinking competencies related to algorithms and programming. However, an evident lack of consensus on the assessment criteria and instructional feedback indicates the need for further research to support a wide application of computing education in K-12 schools.
Implications of Malaria On Iron Deficiency Control Strategies123

The populations in greatest need of iron supplementation are also those at greatest risk of malaria: pregnant women and young children. Iron supplementation has been shown to increase malaria risk in these groups in numerous studies, although this effect is likely diminished by factors such as host immunity, host iron status, and effective malaria surveillance and control. Conversely, the risk of anemia is increased by malaria infections and preventive measures against malaria decrease anemia prevalence in susceptible populations without iron supplementation. Studies have shown that subjects with malaria experience diminished absorption of orally administered iron, so that as a consequence, iron supplementation may have generally reduced efficacy in malarious populations. A possible mechanistic link between malaria, poor absorption of iron, and anemia is provided by recent research on hepcidin, the human iron control hormone. Our improved understanding of iron metabolism may contribute to the control of malaria and the treatment of anemia. Malaria surveillance and control are necessary components of programs to control iron deficiency and may enhance the efficacy of iron supplementation.
Intervening O VI Quasar Absorption Systems at Low Redshift: A Significant Baryon Reservoir

Far-UV echelle spectroscopy of the radio-quiet QSO H1821+643 (zem = 0.297), obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) at ~7 km s-1 resolution, reveals four definite O VI absorption-line systems and one probable O VI absorber at 0.15 < zabs < 0.27. The four definite O VI absorbers are located near galaxies and are highly displaced from the quasar in redshift; these are likely intervening systems unrelated to the background QSO. In the case of the strong O VI system at zabs = 0.22497, multiple components are detected in Si III and O VI as well as H I Lyman series lines, and the differing component velocity centroids and b-values firmly establish that this is a multiphase absorption system. A weak O VI absorber is detected at zabs = 0.22637, i.e., offset by ~340 km s-1 from the zabs = 0.22497 system. Lyα absorption is detected at zabs = 0.22613, but no Lyα absorption is significantly detected at 0.22637. Other weak O VI absorbers at zabs = 0.24531 and 0.26659 and the probable O VI system at 0.21326 have widely diverse O VI/H I column density ratios with N(O VI)/N(H I) ranging from ≤0.14 ± 0.03 to 5.2 ± 1.2. The number density of O VI absorbers with rest equivalent width greater than 30 mÅ in the H1821+643 spectrum is remarkably high, dN/dz ~ 48, which implies with a high (90%) confidence that it is greater than 17 in the low-redshift intergalactic medium. We conservatively estimate that the cosmological mass density of the O VI systems is Ωb(OVI) ≳ 0.0008 h. With an assumed metallicity of 1/10 solar and a conservative assumption that the fraction of oxygen in the O VI ionization stage is 0.2, we obtain Ωb(OVI) ≳ 0.004 h. This is comparable to the combined cosmological mass density of stars and cool gas in galaxies and X-ray-emitting gas in galaxy clusters at low redshift.
Bargaining, Revenue Sharing and Control Rights Allocation

In a two-period, double moral hazard model with incomplete contracting, this paper explores the relationship between revenue sharing and control rights. Specifically, we endogenize the allocation of both the income rights and the control rights and show why the two are often bundled together in the context of a two-party joint venture. Moreover, we study how the use of different bargaining solutions for the ex post contract renegotiation game may affect the optimal allocation of income and control rights. Our results can be used to explain the commonly observed ownership structures of equity joint ventures.
Comparative Analyses of Lipoprotein Lipase, Hepatic Lipase, and Endothelial Lipase, and Their Binding Properties with Known Inhibitors

The triglyceride lipase gene subfamily plays a central role in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. There are three members of this subfamily: lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and endothelial lipase. Although these lipases are implicated in the pathophysiology of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, their structures have not been fully solved. In the current study, we established homology models of these three lipases, and carried out analysis of their activity sites. In addition, we investigated the kinetic characteristics for the catalytic residues using a molecular dynamics simulation strategy. To elucidate the molecular interactions and determine potential key residues involved in the binding to lipase inhibitors, we analyzed the binding pockets and binding poses of known inhibitors of the three lipases. We identified the spatial consensus catalytic triad “Ser-Asp-His”, a characteristic motif in all three lipases. Furthermore, we found that the spatial characteristics of the binding pockets of the lipase molecules play a key role in ligand recognition, binding poses, and affinities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that systematically builds homology models of all the triglyceride lipase gene subfamily members. Our data provide novel insights into the molecular structures of lipases and their structure-function relationship, and thus provides groundwork for functional probe design towards lipase-based therapeutic inhibitors for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
Energy Storage Management in Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic System

The penetration of renewable sources in the power system network in the power system has been increasing in the recent years. One of the solutions being proposed to improve the reliability and performance of these systems is to integrate energy storage device into the power system network. This paper discusses the modeling of photo voltaic and status of the storage device such as lead acid battery for better energy management in the system. The energy management for the grid connected system was performed by the dynamic switching process.
Hardware compliant approximate image codes

In recent years, several feature encoding schemes for the bags-of-visual-words model have been proposed. While most of these schemes produce impressive results, they all share an important limitation: their high computational complexity makes it challenging to use them for large-scale problems. In this work, we propose an approximate locality-constrained encoding scheme that offers significantly better computational efficiency (~ 40×) than its exact counterpart, with comparable classification accuracy. Using the perturbation analysis of least-squares problems, we present a formal approximation error analysis of our approach, which helps distill the intuition behind the robustness of our method. We present a thorough set of empirical analyses on multiple standard data-sets, to assess the capability of our encoding scheme for its representational as well as discriminative accuracy.
Eye Tracking Unconscious Face-to-Face Confrontations

In primates, dominance/submission relationships are generally automatically and nonaggressively established in face-to-face confrontations. Researchers have argued that this process involves an explicit psychological stress-manipulation mechanism: Striding with a threatening expression, while keeping direct eye contact, outstresses rivals so that they submissively avert their gaze. In contrast, researchers have proposed a reflexive and implicit modulation of face-to-face confrontation in humans, on the basis of evidence that dominant and submissive individuals exhibit vigilant and avoidant responses, respectively, to facial anger in masked emotional Stroop tasks. However, these tasks do not provide an ecologically valid index of gaze behavior. Therefore, we directly measured gaze responses to masked angry, happy, and neutral facial expressions with a saccade-latency paradigm and found that increased dominance traits predict a more prolonged gaze to (or reluctance to avert gaze from) masked anger. Furthermore, greater non-dominance-related reward sensitivity predicts more persistent gaze to masked happiness. These results strongly suggest that implicit and reflexive mechanisms underlie dominant and submissive gaze behavior in face-to-face confrontations.
Inaccuracy of Death Certificate Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Potential Underdiagnosis of TB in a Region of High HIV Prevalence

Despite the South African antiretroviral therapy rollout, which should reduce the incidence of HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB), the number of TB-attributable deaths in KwaZuluNatal (KZN) remains high. TB is often diagnosed clinically, without microbiologic confirmation, leading to inaccurate estimates of TB-attributed deaths. This may contribute to avoidable deaths, and impact population-based TB mortality estimates. Objectives. (1) To measure the number of cases with microbiologically confirmed TB in a retrospective cohort of deceased inpatients with TB-attributed hospital deaths. (2) To estimate the rates of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB in this cohort. Results. Of 2752 deaths at EDH between September 2006 and March 2007, 403 (15%) were attributed to TB on the death certificate. 176 of the TB-attributed deaths (44%) had a specimen sent for smear or culture; only 64 (36%) had a TB diagnosis confirmed by either test. Of the 39 culture-confirmed cases, 27/39 (69%) had fully susceptible TB and 27/39 (69%) had smear-negative culture-positive TB (SNTB). Two patients had drug monoresistance, three patients had MDR-TB, and one had XDR-TB. Conclusions. Most TB-attributed deaths in this cohort were not microbiologically confirmed. Of confirmed cases, most were smear-negative, culture positive and were susceptible to all first line drugs.
Everything Had a Name, and Each Name Gave Birth to a New Thought: Links between Early Word Learning and Conceptual Organization.

That living word awakened my soul, gave it light, hope, joy, and set it free! Everything had a name, and each name gave birth to a new thought. —Keller 1904, 22 Word learning, more than any other development achievement, stands at the very center of the crossroad of human cognition and language. Even before they can tie their own shoes, human infants spontaneously form concepts 1 to capture various relations among the objects and events they encounter, and they learn words to express them. I have argued that these two advances do not proceed independently. Rather, from the onset of word learning, human infants' conceptual and linguistic advances are powerfully linked. This chapter is devoted to examining the origin and unfolding of these links. In recent work, I have proposed that infants approach the task of word learning equipped with a broad, universally shared expectation. This initially broad expectation permits infants to link novel words (that are applied to objects) to commonalities among those named objects. This broad initial link, which is available to infants at the very onset of word learning, serves at least three essential functions. First, it supports the formation of a stable repertoire of concepts. Second, it supports infants' first efforts to establish reference , and in this way promotes infants' earliest lexicons. Third, and perhaps most radically, this initially broad, universal link sets the stage for the discovery of the more specific links between particular types of words (e.g., nouns, adjectives, verbs) and particular types
Design a High-Performance Just-In-Time Compiler for a J2ME JVM on XScale

The just-in-time compilers have been widely adopted in J2SE and J2ME virtual machines. However, it is a big challenge for a JIT compiler to generate high-quality native code under the tight time and memory constraints on embedded systems. This paper presents the framework and key optimizations of a JIT compiler we designed for Intelpsilas J2ME virtual machine, namely XORP, for XScaletrade architecture. We describe the bytecode-based optimizations, e.g. bytecode inlining, Array Bounds Check Elimination, Null Pointer Check Elimination, etc., and some key optimizations aimed at XScaletrade architecture, e.g. instruction scheduling, etc., in the XORP JIT. XORP is more than 15 times faster than the reference implementation of J2ME CLDC, KVM, for EEMBC, with a 350KB executable file, including interpreter, JIT compiler, GC and all other JVM components. Comparing with other high-performance J2ME JVMs, like JeodeK and CLDC-HI, XORP is also at least 69% faster than them.