Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of springback in air bending process

Bending processes is one of the important processes in sheet metal forming. One of the challenge that faces the air bending process is springback, which happens due to the elastic recovery during unloading stage. An accurate analysis of springback during the bending process is crucial to achieve a required bend angle. This paper will investigate the springback experimentally by changing many parameters such as tested material, die opening, thickness, etc. and finding its effect on the value of springback. Additionally, the paper will investigate the effect of loading time at the end of loading stage on the springback by proposing a multistage bending technique (MBT). In MBT, the loading will stop during loading stage just before the end of this stage and it will restart again shortly after. In this study, three sheet metals with different thickness will be examined, namely stainless steel, aluminium and brass. Artificial neural network (ANN) will be utilized to develop a prediction model to predict springback based on the experimental results.
A Robust Inter‐Connecting Layer for Achieving High Performance Tandem Polymer Solar Cells

IO N Recently, polymer solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention primarily due to their potential for fabricating low-cost and large-area fl exible solar cells. [ 1–3 ] Smart chemistry can design conjugated polymeric structures for PSCs with enhanced opencircuit voltage ( V OC ) and short-circuit current density ( J SC ). This has resulted in signifi cant effi ciency enhancements in recent years. Nonetheless, most of the materials designed today always suffer from the inherent disadvantage of not having a broad absorption range, which limits the utilization of the full solar spectrum. [ 4 , 5 ] A possible solution is to stack multiple photoactive layers wherein the photoactive layers have complementary absorption. Recently, multiple-junction tandem PSCs with various confi guration have been demonstrated, in which two polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) are connected in series or parallel to fulfi ll this goal. [ 6–8 ] These confi gurations enable reduction of potential loss during photon-to-electron conversion process, and add-up of electrical potential or photocurrent of the individual BHJs, while the combination of polymers with complimentary bandgaps broadens absorption band ranging 300 nm up to 900 nm, covering a larger portion of the solar spectrum. Recently, a 7.7% PCE from small organic molecule-based tandem solar cells has been achieved. [ 9 ] It strongly indicats that tandem structure is one of the promising approaches to break though 10% theoretical limit for singlejunction-based polymer solar cells. [ 10 ]
Predictive microbiology and table olives

The table olive is probably one of the most important and most recognized fermented vegetable in the food industry. Basically, the elaboration of this food is constrained to Mediterranean countries, but there are also well established production regions in Australia, USA and South-America. Thus, table olive elaboration is widespread around the world and represents an important economic source for the producing countries. Microorganisms play an important role in the production of table olives. Diverse groups are involved through olive fermentation determining the quality and flavor of the final product, but Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts are the most relevant. As in other food fermentations, it is necessary to favor the growth of desirable microorganisms and inhibit pathogen and spoilage microorganisms. Specifically, the levels of microorganisms in table olive fermentation and packaging can be controlled by diverse factors such us temperature, pH, water activity or additives. Predictive microbiology is a multidisciplinary area (statistical, microbiology, chemistry, food technology, etc.) which is devoted to quantitatively studying the effects of environmental factors on microbial growth in foods. The response is evaluated objectively by means of mathematical models, which can be later used as a useful tool to predict microbial response under different combinations of the variables. In this review, the different steps for the successful development and implementation of a predictive model in the specific case of table olive matrices will be discussed. It includes planning and experimental design, collection and analysis of data, model development, and, finally, validation and maintenance of the model. The most important predictive models (probabilistic, polynomial, neural networks, etc.) which have been developed in the last decade in table olive fermentation and packaging for different environmental variables and microorganism, as well as their immediate applications (food safety and quality), will also be treated.
Alzheimer’s Disease Early Diagnosis Using Manifold-Based Semi-Supervised Learning

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is currently ranked as the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and recent estimates indicate that the disorder may rank third, just behind heart disease and cancer, as a cause of death for older people. Clearly, predicting this disease in the early stages and preventing it from progressing is of great importance. The diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) requires a variety of medical tests, which leads to huge amounts of multivariate heterogeneous data. It can be difficult and exhausting to manually compare, visualize, and analyze this data due to the heterogeneous nature of medical tests; therefore, an efficient approach for accurate prediction of the condition of the brain through the classification of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images is greatly beneficial and yet very challenging. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for the diagnosis of very early stages of AD through an efficient classification of brain MRI images, which uses label propagation in a manifold-based semi-supervised learning framework. We first apply voxel morphometry analysis to extract some of the most critical AD-related features of brain images from the original MRI volumes and also gray matter (GM) segmentation volumes. The features must capture the most discriminative properties that vary between a healthy and Alzheimer-affected brain. Next, we perform a principal component analysis (PCA)-based dimension reduction on the extracted features for faster yet sufficiently accurate analysis. To make the best use of the captured features, we present a hybrid manifold learning framework which embeds the feature vectors in a subspace. Next, using a small set of labeled training data, we apply a label propagation method in the created manifold space to predict the labels of the remaining images and classify them in the two groups of mild Alzheimer’s and normal condition (MCI/NC). The accuracy of the classification using the proposed method is 93.86% for the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) database of MRI brain images, providing, compared to the best existing methods, a 3% lower error rate.
Impaired induction of DNA lesions during immunoglobulin class-switch recombination in humans influences end-joining repair

Ig class-switch recombination (CSR) is a region-specific process that exchanges the constant Ig heavy-chain region and thus modifies an antibody's effector function. DNA lesions in switch (S) regions are induced by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and uracil-DNA glycosylase 2 (UNG2), subsequently processed to DNA breaks, and resolved by either the classical nonhomologous end-joining pathway or the alternative end-joining pathway (XRCC4/DNA ligase 4– and/or Ku70/Ku80-independent and prone to increased microhomology usage). We examined whether the induction of DNA lesions influences DNA end-joining during CSR by analyzing Sμ–Sα recombination junctions in various human Ig CSR defects of DNA lesion induction. We observed a progressive trend toward the usage of microhomology in Sμ–Sα recombination junctions from AID-heterozygous to AID–autosomal dominant to UNG2-deficient B lymphocytes. We thus hypothesize that impaired induction of DNA lesions in S regions during CSR leads to unusual end-processing of the DNA breaks, resulting in microhomology-mediated end-joining, which could be an indication for preferential processing by alternative end-joining rather than by classical nonhomologous end-joining.
Diethyl 2-(triphenylmethyl)malonate

In the title compound, C26H26O4, steric crowding of the Ph3C– group with the –CH(CO2Et)2 unit leads to a long C—C bond [1.585 (2) Å]. One of the two ethyl groups is disordered over two sites in a 60:40 ratio.
An Oculoplastic Use for the Temporalis Muscle Flap

ABSTRACT Purpose: To report a novel method of repairing a large periorbital defect with exposed bone, using a pedicled temporalis muscle flap and split thickness skin graft. Methods: Interventional case note review with clinical photographs, computerised tomography (CT) imaging, intra-operative photographs and histology. Results: A 77-year-old man presented with an extensive neglected ulcerating lesion extending from the left lateral canthus to the tragus of the left ear. An incisional biopsy of the 15 cm lesion confirmed the clinical diagnosis of an invasive squamous cell carcinoma. A CT scan demonstrated the tumour depth and there were no infra-temporal fossa or intra-orbital extensions or associated lymphadenopathy. A wide surgical excision was performed which resulted perioperatively in a large area of exposed zygomatic and temporal bone. A pedicled temporalis muscle flap was rotated to cover the exposed bone and therefore allow placement of a split thickness skin graft. At 3 months' follow-up the graft is viable and the surgical rehabilitative result is satisfactory. Conclusions: A pedicled temporalis muscle flap and split thickness skin graft is a good one-stage reconstruction technique when faced with a large area of exposed bone. The temporalis muscle provides a suitable recipient site for a split skin graft and enhances its chances of survival. This technique, to our knowledge, had not previously been reported in the literature.
Caffeine Bitterness is Related to Daily Caffeine Intake and Bitter Receptor mRNA Abundance in Human Taste Tissue

We investigated whether the abundance of bitter receptor mRNA expression from human taste papillae is related to an individual’s perceptual ratings of bitter intensity and habitual intake of bitter drinks. Ratings of the bitterness of caffeine and quinine and three other bitter stimuli (urea, propylthiouracil, and denatonium benzoate) were compared with relative taste papilla mRNA abundance of bitter receptors that respond to the corresponding bitter stimuli in cell-based assays (TAS2R4, TAS2R10, TAS2R38, TAS2R43, and TAS2R46). We calculated caffeine and quinine intake from a food frequency questionnaire. The bitterness of caffeine was related to the abundance of the combined mRNA expression of these known receptors, r = 0.47, p = . 05, and self-reported daily caffeine intake, t(18) = 2.78, p = . 012. The results of linear modeling indicated that 47% of the variance among subjects in the rating of caffeine bitterness was accounted for by these two factors (habitual caffeine intake and taste receptor mRNA abundance). We observed no such relationships for quinine but consumption of its primary dietary form (tonic water) was uncommon. Overall, diet and TAS2R gene expression in taste papillae are related to individual differences in caffeine perception.
Quality control by tissue microarray in immunohistochemistry

Aims An external positive control section is included in each immunohistochemical analysis as a well recognised and validated technique for standardising results. The method is time-consuming and expensive. On the contrary, internal controls are warranted and inexpensive, but their use is only feasible in selected diagnoses. The aim of this work is to show how the method of the authors allows improving the interpretation and cuts costs in the immunohistochemical analysis of bone marrow specimens. Methods A paraffin-embedded tonsil tissue cylinder was sampled from a donor block using an automated sampler and included as an ‘internal control’ together with a bone marrow biopsy in a recipient block, avoiding the use of external tonsil tissue control. To validate this technique, the authors compared the quality of immunohistochemistry, the workload and costs with routine external control in 50 consecutive bone marrow biopsies. Results Processing simultaneously the sample and the tissue control in the same block, 60 external positive control tests were spared. Only a few minutes were taken for the preparation of the recipient blocks, and no particular technical skill was required. Considering that the volume of antibodies used for the analysis of each sample was not increased, a considerable amount of the disposable material was saved. The workload of technicians was decreased and some potential technical bias was avoided. The time required for pathologists to interpret the slides was also reduced. Conclusions In conclusion, this seems to be a feasible, cost-cutting and quality-improving technique, not limited to haematopathology but potentially extensible to other fields of pathology.
NEURORADIOLOGY : Reperfusion Is a Stronger Predictor of Good Clinical Outcome than Recanalization in Ischemic Stroke

Materials and Methods: The study was approved by the local research ethics board. Written consent was obtained from all participants or their caregivers. Baseline computed tomography (CT) perfusion less than 4.5 hours after stroke symptoms, follow-up CT perfusion at 24 hours or less, and 5–7-day magnetic resonance images were obtained for 114 patients. Baseline imaging was assessed blinded to outcome. Recanalization status was determined at follow-up CT angiography. Reperfusion index was calculated on baseline and on follow-up at-risk tissue volume. Kruskal-Wallis, MannWhitney rank sum, and Spearman correlation were used for group comparisons and correlation studies. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression tested the association of clinical and imaging parameters with good outcome. Models with and without recanalization and reperfusion were compared by using Akaike information criterion.
Impaired metabolic effects of a thyroid hormone receptor beta-selective agonist in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity.

BACKGROUND The use of selective agonists of the thyroid hormone receptor isoform beta (TRbeta) has been linked to metabolic improvement in animal models of diet-induced obesity, nonalcoholic liver disease, and genetic hypercholesterolemia. METHODS To identify potential target tissues of such compounds, we exposed primary murine brown adipocytes and skeletal myocytes for 24 hours to 50 nM GC-24, a highly selective TRbeta agonist. GC-24 (17 ng/[g BW.day] for 36 days) was also tested in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. RESULTS While the brown adipocytes responded to GC-24, with 17%-400% increases in the expression of 12 metabolically relevant genes, the myocytes remained largely unresponsive to GC-24 treatment. In control mice kept on chow diet, GC-24 treatment accelerated energy expenditure by about 15% and limited body weight gain by about 50%. However, in the obese animals the GC-24-mediated reduction in body weight gain dropped to only 20%, while energy expenditure remained unaffected. In addition, an analysis of gene expression in the skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue, and liver of these obese animals failed to identify a conclusive GC-24 transcriptome footprint. CONCLUSION Feeding a high-fat diet impairs most of the beneficial metabolic effects associated with treatment with TRbeta-selective agonists.
Imaging Neuroinflammation? A Perspective from MR Spectroscopy

Neuroinflammatory mechanisms contribute to the brain pathology resulting from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been touted as a suitable method for discriminating in vivo markers of neuroinflammation. The present MRS study was conducted in four groups: alcohol dependent (A, n = 37), HIV‐infected (H, n = 33), alcohol dependent + HIV infected (HA, n = 38) and healthy control (C, n = 62) individuals to determine whether metabolites would change in a pattern reflecting neuroinflammation. Significant four‐group comparisons were evident only for striatal choline‐containing compounds (Cho) and myo‐inositol (mI), which follow‐up analysis demonstrated were due to higher levels in HA compared with C individuals. To explore the potential relevance of elevated Cho and mI, correlations between blood markers, medication status and alcohol consumption were evaluated in H + HA subjects. Having an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐defining event or hepatitis C was associated with higher Cho; lower Cho levels, however, were associated with low thiamine levels and with highly active antiretroviral HIV treatment (HAART). Higher levels of mI were related to greater lifetime alcohol consumed, whereas HAART was associated with lower mI levels. The current results suggest that competing mechanisms can influence in vivo Cho and mI levels, and that elevations in these metabolites cannot necessarily be interpreted as reflecting a single underlying mechanism, including neuroinflammation.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of a nucleant-free basaltic glass-ceramic

ABSTRACT The crystallisation kinetics of magnetite from basalt glass was studied using glass samples prepared by melting basaltic rocks from the Serra Geral Formation, without the addition of the nucleating agent, using differential scanning calorimetry under isothermal conditions. The temperature of maximum nucleation rate for magnetite was determined as 650 C. Upon further heating to 860 C, a second phase crystallises, which was identified by X-ray diffraction as a pyroxene (augite, Ca(Mg,Fe)SiO). The best mechanical properties were exhibited by a glass-ceramic nucleated at 650 C for 0.5 h and further heat-treated at 860 C for 1 h. The basalt glass-ceramic exhibited a fine grain and homogeneous microstructure, with high hardness and reasonable resistant to NaOH attack.
CogNIAC: high precision coreference with limited knowledge and linguistic resources

This paper presents a high precision pronoun resolution system that is capable of greater than 90% precision with 60% and better recall for some pronouns. It is suggested that the system is resolving a sub-set of anaphors that do not require general world knowledge or sophisticated linguistic processing for successful resolution. The system does this by being very sensitive to ambiguity, and only resolving pronouns when very high confidence rules have been satisfied. The system is capable of 'noticing' ambiguity because it requires that there be a unique antecedent within a salience ranking, and the salience rankings are not total orders, i.e. two or more antecedents can be equally salient. Given the nature of the systems rules, it is very likely that they are largely domain independent and that they reflect processing strategies used by humans for general language comprehension. The system has been evaluated in two distinct experiments which support the overall validity of the approach.
Detection of an intermediate compartment involved in transport of alpha- factor from the plasma membrane to the vacuole in yeast

alpha-Factor, one of the mating pheromones of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, binds specifically to a receptor on the plasma membrane of a cells, is internalized and delivered to the vacuole, where it is degraded. At 15 degrees C the rate of pheromone uptake is only slightly affected while delivery to the vacuole is markedly slowed down. A transport intermediate carrying alpha-factor to the vacuole can be reversibly trapped by treatment with the metabolic inhibitors, NaN3 and NaF. This intermediate(s) is distinct from the vacuole and the plasma membrane as judged by differential and density gradient centrifugation analysis. We present evidence that the alpha-factor is protected from protease digestion by a detergent-sensitive structure, suggesting that the pheromone resides within a vesicular compartment. We propose that this intermediate(s) represents an endocytic or prevacuolar compartment(s) involved in vesicular traffic from the plasma membrane to the vacuole.
Designing and programming the emotion engine

Emotion synthesis requires a huge amount of calculation for the physical and thought simulation needed to generate human emotional representation with realistic computer graphics output. To achieve this, the emotion engine main processor contains three independent floating-point processors. A home entertainment computer, the so-called consumer video game, requires perfect compatibility in its parts. The console cannot change its functions or performance during its lifetime. As all CD disks can be played on all CD players, all application titles must execute on all versions of the console. For this tight compatibility, no specification change, including frequency improvement, is allowed. Considering this, we have developed a new entertainment computer system designed to provide the highest performance. We adopted the latest technology and the most advanced manufacturing technology in the early design stages to secure a long product life with the same high performance. Our new architecture runs geometry engines in parallel and allows two or more processors to share the same rendering engine through time sharing. This approach sets the rendering engines in parallel. We describe the architecture of our system, the programming paradigm, and a programming example on this processor.
On the Statistical Analysis of the Number of Errors Remaining in a Software Design Document after Inspection

Sometimes, complex software systems fail because of faults introduced in the requirements and design stages of the development process. Reviewing documents related to requirements and design by several reviewers can remove some of these faults, but often a few remain undetected until the software is developed. In this paper, we propose a procedure leading to the estimation of the number of faults which are not discovered. The main advantage of our procedure is that we do not need the standard assumption of independence among reviewers.
Transmission Techniques for Radio LAN's - A Comparative Performance Evaluation Using Ray Tracing

This paper uses the results of ray tracing in a typical indoor test area to compare the performance of major radio transmission techniques that are used as the air interface in evolving standards and major wireless local area network (WLAN) products. The performance of direct sequence (DS) and frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) in the test area are compared with the performance of multicarrier modems, as well as modems using decision feedback equalization (DFE) and sectored antenna systems (SAS). The validity of using ray tracing for performance evaluation is examined by comparing the results with the results of performance evaluation obtained from the empirical measurement of the channel characteristics. Based on the maximum achievable data rate and minimum power requirement determined in the test area, operation of all modems in bandlimited and power limited applications are discussed.