Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proving the infringement of digital intellectual property rights: Overview of the Anglo-saxon legal system

The multifaceted process of identifying and proving the infringement of intellectual property rights is further complicated and aggravated in the so-called analogue environment. The development of Information Technologies has given rise to a new set of problems. The digital technology has facilitated the infringement of intellectual property rights and additionally aggravated the process of proving these infringements. Hence, it is the duty of digital forensics to identify relevant (valid) evidence and present it in the court of law, which is not an easy task. In that course, the problems are twofold: legal and technical. First of all, the legislation in many countries is not adjusted to resolving the issues constantly emerging in the digital environment and there are apparent differences in the manner of regulating these issues. On the other hand, there is no standardized and unified technology which would provide for a uniform qualification and comprehensive treatment of these issues. Moreover, the place of commission of these criminal offences as a rule does not coincide with the place of occurring legal consequences. Yet, in spite of all these difficulties, there are technological methods and tools which facilitate the detection of cybercrime and provide evidence for securing relevant punishment. In the time to come, the developments in this area are expected to be aimed at strengthening the protection of legitimate interests of holders of intellectual property rights.
A chemical compound inhibiting the Aha1–Hsp90 chaperone complex

The eukaryotic Hsp90 chaperone machinery comprises many co-chaperones and regulates the conformation of hundreds of cytosolic client proteins. Therefore, it is not surprising that the Hsp90 machinery has become an attractive therapeutic target for diseases such as cancer. The compounds used so far to target this machinery affect the entire Hsp90 system. However, it would be desirable to achieve a more selective targeting of Hsp90–co-chaperone complexes. To test this concept, in this-proof-of-principle study, we screened for modulators of the interaction between Hsp90 and its co-chaperone Aha1, which accelerates the ATPase activity of Hsp90. A FRET-based assay that monitored Aha1 binding to Hsp90 enabled identification of several chemical compounds modulating the effect of Aha1 on Hsp90 activity. We found that one of these inhibitors can abrogate the Aha1-induced ATPase stimulation of Hsp90 without significantly affecting Hsp90 ATPase activity in the absence of Aha1. NMR spectroscopy revealed that this inhibitory compound binds the N-terminal domain of Hsp90 close to its ATP-binding site and overlapping with a transient Aha1-interaction site. We also noted that this inhibitor does not dissociate the Aha1–Hsp90 complex but prevents the specific interaction with the N-terminal domain of Hsp90 required for catalysis. In consequence, the inhibitor affected the activation and processing of Hsp90–Aha1-dependent client proteins in vivo. We conclude that it is possible to abrogate a specific co-chaperone function of Hsp90 without inhibiting the entire Hsp90 machinery. This concept may also hold true for other co-chaperones of Hsp90.
The Impact of Workload and Role Conflict Towards Work-Life Balance Among Government Auditors In Indonesia

Professionals in the field of accounting, especially auditor, has a high level of stress that become a common problem. Workload and role conflict are two of the stressors that significantly contribute to stress. On the other hand, work-life balance has become a concern for many researchers and organizations. This study examined the effect of workload and role conflict towards government auditors’ work-life balance. It is also suggests how to achieve work-life balance according to in-depth interview with groups of respondent. The study is based on quantitative research that conducted among government auditors in Indonesia using cross-sectional survey method. A total of 97 usable responses were received. Descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, Pearson’s correlations analysis, and multiple regression analysis used to measure the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The results indicated that workload is significant at p< 0.01 (0.000) and have positive correlation with work life balance at 0.441. Role conflict is also significant at p< 0.05 (0.013) and have positive correlation with work life balance at 0.250. Furthermore, only workload that significant influence on government auditors’ work-life balance. Thus, organization need to establish policies that would manage workload without affecting productivity of organization in order to achieving work-life balance.
Oral levodopa/carbidopa solution versus tablets in Parkinson's patients with severe fluctuations

Four patients with Parkinson's disease, optimally treated with levodopa/carbidopa (LD/CD) tablets but experiencing severe motor fluctuations, underwent an open trial of a levodopa/carbidopa/ascorbic acid solution (LCAS) orally at timed intervals. LCAS reduced bradykinesia, decreased dysfunctional dyskinesia, and increased functional “on” time when compared with previous LD/CD tablet therapy. Oral LCAS allowed better titration of levodopa dosage and offered a more predictable response than LD/CD tablets. Preparation and oral consumption of LCAS was easy and inexpensive. LCAS may be a practical alternative for patients whose motor fluctuations fail to respond to optimal therapy with LD/CD tablets.
Pulsatile Flow Inside Moderately Elastic Arteries, Its Modelling and Effects of Elasticity

Pulsatile flow inside a moderately elastic circular conduit with a smooth expansion is studied as a model to understand the influence of wall elasticity in artery flow. The solution of the simultaneous fluid-wall evolution is evaluated by a perturbative method, where the zeroth order solution is represented by the flow in a rigid vessel; the first order correction gives the wall motion and induced flow modification without the need to solve the difficult coupled problem. Such an approach essentially assumes a locally infinite celerity, therefore it represent a good approximation for the fluid-wall interaction in sites of limited extent (branches, stenosis, aneurism, etc.), which include typical situations associated with vascular diseases. The problem is solved numerically in the axisymmetric approximation; the influence of wall elasticity on the flow and on the unsteady wall shear stress is studied in correspondence of parameters taken from realistic artery flow. Attention is posed to the role of phase difference between the incoming pressure and flow pulses.
Measles Virus Fusion Protein Is Palmitoylated on Transmembrane-Intracytoplasmic Cysteine Residues Which Participate in Cell Fusion

ABSTRACT [3H]palmitic acid was metabolically incorporated into the viral fusion protein (F) of Edmonston or freshly isolated measles virus (MV) during infection of human lymphoid or Vero cells. The uncleaved precursor F0 and the F1 subunit from infected cells and extracellular virus were both labeled, indicating that palmitoylation can take place prior to F0 cleavage and that palmitoylated F protein was incorporated into virus particles. [3H]palmitic acid was released from F protein upon hydroxylamine or dithiothreitol treatment, indicating a thioester linkage. In cells transfected with the cloned MV F gene, in which the cysteines located in the intracytoplasmic and transmembrane domains (Cys 506, 518, 519, 520, and 524) were replaced by serine, a major reduction of [3H]palmitic acid incorporation was observed for F mutated at Cys 506 and, to a lesser extent, at Cys 518 and Cys 524. We also observed incorporation of [3H]palmitic acid in the F1 subunit of canine distemper virus F protein. Cell fusion induced by cotransfection of cells with MV F and H (hemagglutinin) genes was significantly reduced after replacement of Cys 506 or Cys 519 with serine in the MV F gene. Transfection with the F gene with a mutation for Cys 518 abolished cell fusion, although less mutant protein was detected on the cell surface. These results suggest that the F protein transmembrane domain cysteines 506 and 518 participate in structures involved in cell fusion, possibly mediated by palmitoylation.
SimRAD: an R package for simulation‐based prediction of the number of loci expected in RADseq and similar genotyping by sequencing approaches

Application of high‐throughput sequencing platforms in the field of ecology and evolutionary biology is developing quickly with the introduction of efficient methods to reduce genome complexity. Numerous approaches for genome complexity reduction have been developed using different combinations of restriction enzymes, library construction strategies and fragment size selection. As a result, the choice of which techniques to use may become cumbersome, because it is difficult to anticipate the number of loci resulting from each method. We developed SimRAD, an R package that performs in silico restriction enzyme digests and fragment size selection as implemented in most restriction site associated DNA polymorphism and genotyping by sequencing methods. In silico digestion is performed on a reference genome or on a randomly generated DNA sequence when no reference genome sequence is available. SimRAD accurately predicts the number of loci under alternative protocols when a reference genome sequence is available for the targeted species (or a close relative) but may be unreliable when no reference genome is available. SimRAD is also useful for fine‐tuning a given protocol to adjust the number of targeted loci. Here, we outline the functionality of SimRAD and provide an illustrative example of the use of the package (available on the CRAN at http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SimRAD).
Profitability news or valuation news? A diagnostic analysis on the different news components in conditional conservatism*

Abstract The sign of stock return has been widely used to proxy for news in the conditional conservatism model. Under discount cash flow model, firm value changes are caused by either cash flow news or discount rate news. Simply using the sign of stock returns to define good (bad) news can be problematic. Following the classic return decomposition method, this paper decomposes return news into cash flow news and discount rate news. We find that cash flow news component demonstrates consistent results with previous findings. However, with respect to discount rate news, positive return news turns out to be recognized more quickly in earnings. The conventional timeliness asymmetry even disappears in the highest quintile of discount rate news shock magnitude. In additional tests, we also document weakened timeliness asymmetry conditional on a battery of proxy variables for discount rate news. Our findings suggest that we should use stock return sign with caution in conditional conservatism tests, especially when discount rate news shock is large.
PCDH11X variation is not associated with late-onset Alzheimer disease susceptibility

A recent genome-wide association study and follow-up shows significant association with the protocadherin 11 X-linked (PCDH11X) gene. Carrasquillo et al. (2009) show statistical association with four PCDH11X polymorphisms (rs5984894, rs2573905, rs5941047, rs4568761) in five of seven cohorts. The combined analysis of 2356 cases and 2384 controls showed the strongest association with a P value of 2.2×10−7 with an allele-specific odds ratio of 1.30 (95% confidence interval, 1.18–1.43) at the rs5984894 polymorphism. We tested for association at these four single nucleotide polymorphisms in two independent datasets and then performed a joint analysis. Although we had adequate power to detect effect sizes with the reported odds ratios, we did not detect association between late-onset Alzheimer disease and the PCDH11X polymorphisms in our dataset of 889 cases and 850 controls, indicating that the PCDH11X association, if not a false positive, is not as strong or generalized as hypothesized earlier.
Commitment to Organisation and Profession: A Review

Within an organisational context, there are two major focal points of commitment for employees: their employing organisation, and their profession or professional field of interest. A person who is oriented toward his organisation, views his future in terms of that organisation's policies and practices. He is typically committed to the attainment of organisational goals, is proud to be a member of the organisation, and may consider himselfto be a loyal 'company man'. The person who is oriented toward his profession, however, is concerned with the development and use of his professional knowledge and skills. This type of person views himself primarily as a professional, and is committed to his professional goals and aspirations. He is often affiliated with external occupational or professional groups, and is likely to spend a significant portion of his time studying professional literature. These commitments to organisation and profession are found to a greater or lesser extent in every major kind of organisation. The distinction between the two is highlighted by differing self-images among employees. For example, note the following responses made by two individuals who were
FATP1 channels exogenous FA into 1,2,3-triacyl-sn-glycerol and down-regulates sphingomyelin and cholesterol metabolism in growing 293 cells DOI 10.1194/jlr.M200130-JLR200

Biosynthesis of lipids was investigated in growing 293 cells stably expressing fatty acid (FA) transport protein 1 (FATP1), a bifunctional polypeptide with FA transport as well as fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activity. In short-term (30 s) incubations, FA uptake was increased in FATP1 expressing cells (C8 cells) compared with the vector (as determined by BODIPY 3823 staining and radioactive FA uptake). In long-term (4 h) incubations, incorporation of [14C]acetate, [3H]oleic acid, or [14C]lignoceric acid into 1,2,3-triacyl-sn-glycerol (TG) was elevated in C8 cells compared with vector, whereas incorporation of radiolabel into glycerophospholipids was unaltered. The increase in TG biosynthesis correlated with an increase in 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol acyltransferase activity in C8 cells compared with vector. In contrast, incorporation of [14C]acetate into sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol, and [3H]oleic acid or [14C]lignoceric acid into SM was reduced due to a reduction in de novo biosynthesis of these lipids in C8 cells compared with vector. The results indicate that exogenously supplied FAs, and their subsequently produced acyl-CoAs, are preferentially channeled by an FATP1 linked mechanism into the TG biosynthetic pathway and that such internalized lipids down-regulate de novo SM and cholesterol metabolism in actively growing 293 cells.
EMSoD — A conceptual social framework that deliversKM values to corporate organizations

As social software is becoming increasingly disruptive to organizational structures and processes, Knowledge Management (KM) initiatives that have hitherto taken the form of a ‘knowledge repository’ now need redefining. With the emergence of Social Media (SM) platforms like Twitter, the hierarchical boundaries within the organization are broken down and a lateral flow of information is created. This has created a peculiar kind of tension between KM and SM, in which one is perceived as threatening the continued relevance of the other. Particularly, with the advances of social media and social software, KM is more in need of delivering measurable value to corporate organizations, if it is to remain relevant in the strategic planning and positioning of organizations. In view of this, this paper presents EMSoD — Enterprise Mobility and Social Data — a conceptual social framework which mediates between KM and SM to deliver actionable knowledge and employee engagement. Meanwhile, given that the main objective of this research is in the delivery of KM value to corporate organizations, this paper devises some mechanisms for measuring actionable knowledge and employee engagement, both as parameters of KM value.
Improvement in variability of the horizontal meridian of the primary visual area following high‐resolution spatial normalization

We investigated the decrease in intersubject functional variability in the horizontal meridian (HM) of the primary visual area (V1) before and after individual anatomical variability was significantly reduced using a high‐resolution spatial normalization (HRSN) method. The analyzed dataset consisted of 10 normal, right‐handed volunteers who had undergone both an O‐15 PET study, which localized retinotopic visual area (V1), and a high‐resolution anatomical MRI. Individual occipital lobes were manually segmented from anatomical images and transformed into a common space using an in‐house high‐resolution regional spatial normalization method called OSN. Individual anatomical and functional variability was quantified before and after HRSN processing. The reduction of individual anatomical variability was judged by the reduction in gray matter (GM) mismatch and by the improvement in overlap frequency between individual calcarine sulci. The reduction in intersubject functional variability of HM was determined by measurements of the overlap frequency between individual HM areas and by improvement in intersubject Z‐score maps. The HRSN processing significantly reduced the individual anatomical variability: GM mismatch was reduced by a factor of two and the mean calcarine sulcus overlap frequency was improved from 37 to 68%. The reduction in functional variability was more subtle. However, both HM mean overlap (increased from 18 to 28%) and the average Z‐score (increased from 2.2 to 2.55) were significantly improved. Although, functional registration was significantly improved by matching sulci, there was still residual variability. This is believed to be the variability of individual areas within the calcarine sulcus, and cannot be resolved by sulcal match. Thus, the proposed methodology provides an efficient, unbiased, and automated way to study structure‐functional relationship in human brain. Hum. Brain Mapping 18:123–134, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automatic Parameter Estimation for Reusable Software Components of Modular and Reconfigurable Cyber-Physical Production Systems in the Domain of Discrete Manufacturing

The main feature of cyber-physical production systems is its adaptability. They adapt quickly to new requirements such as new products or product variants. Nowadays, a bottleneck is the automation system, for which high manual engineering efforts are needed: Today, on-site technicians write and rewrite automation software, configure real-time communication protocols and create system configurations consisting of machine timing, physical dimensions of products, sensitivity, and motor control accelerations and velocities. Cyber-physical production systems often solve this dilemma by relying on reusable software components, which are composed in the overall automation software. However, this solution comes with a price, reusable software components need free parameters to adjust to the individual production configurations. This paper addresses this central research question and presents a novel parameter estimation approach to choose automatically optimal system configurations for cyber-physical production systems. Different scenarios from discrete manufacturing plants are used to evaluate the solution approach.
Severe Sepsis Cohorts Derived From Claims-Based Strategies Appear to be Biased Toward a More Severely Ill Patient Population*

Objective:The epidemiology of severe sepsis is derived from administrative databases that rely on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD–9-CM) codes to select cases. We compared the sensitivity of two code abstraction methods in identifying severe sepsis cases using a severe sepsis registry. Design:Single-center retrospective cohort study. Setting:Tertiary care, Academic, University Hospital. Patients:One thousand seven hundred thirty-five patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Interventions:None. Measurements:Proportion identified as severe sepsis using two code abstraction methods: 1) the new specific ICD-9 codes for severe sepsis and septic shock, and 2) a validated method requiring two ICD-9 codes for infection and end-organ dysfunction. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine sociodemographics and clinical characteristics associated with documentation and coding accuracy. Main Results:The strategy combining a code for infection and end-organ dysfunction was more sensitive in identifying cases than the method requiring specific ICD-9 codes for severe sepsis or septic shock (47% vs. 21%). Elevated serum lactate level (p < 0.001), ICU admission (p < 0.001), presence of shock (p < 0.001), bacteremia as the source of sepsis (p = 0.02), and increased Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (p < 0.001) were independently associated with being appropriately documented and coded. The 28-day mortality was significantly higher in those who were accurately documented/coded (41%, compared with 14% in those who were not, p < 0.001), reflective of a more severe presentation on admission. Conclusions:Patients admitted with severe sepsis and septic shock were incompletely documented and under-coded, using either ICD-9 code abstracting method. Documentation of subsequent coding of severe sepsis was more common in more severely ill patients. These findings are important when evaluating current national estimates and when interpreting epidemiologic studies of severe sepsis as cohorts derived from claims-based strategies appear to be biased toward a more severely ill patient population.
The plasma membrane Ca2+ pump PMCA4b inhibits the migratory and metastatic activity of BRAF mutant melanoma cells

Oncogenic mutations of BRAF lead to constitutive ERK activity that supports melanoma cell growth and survival. While Ca2+ signaling is a well‐known regulator of tumor progression, the crosstalk between Ca2+ signaling and the Ras‐BRAF‐MEK‐ERK pathway is much less explored. Here we show that in BRAF mutant melanoma cells the abundance of the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase isoform 4b (PMCA4b, ATP2B4) is low at baseline but markedly elevated by treatment with the mutant BRAF specific inhibitor vemurafenib. In line with these findings gene expression microarray data also shows decreased PMCA4b expression in cutaneous melanoma when compared to benign nevi. The MEK inhibitor selumetinib—similarly to that of the BRAF‐specific inhibitor—also increases PMCA4b levels in both BRAF and NRAS mutant melanoma cells suggesting that the MAPK pathway is involved in the regulation of PMCA4b expression. The increased abundance of PMCA4b in the plasma membrane enhances [Ca2+]i clearance from cells after Ca2+ entry. Moreover we show that both vemurafenib treatment and PMCA4b overexpression induce marked inhibition of migration of BRAF mutant melanoma cells. Importantly, reduced migration of PMCA4b expressing BRAF mutant cells is associated with a marked decrease in their metastatic potential in vivo. Taken together, our data reveal an important crosstalk between Ca2+ signaling and the MAPK pathway through the regulation of PMCA4b expression and suggest that PMCA4b is a previously unrecognized metastasis suppressor.
Migrating legacy systems towards object-oriented platforms

Presents an approach to migrate legacy systems to object-oriented platforms. The process consists of six sequential phases and encompasses reverse engineering and re-engineering activities. The aim of the reverse engineering phases is to decompose programs into components implementing user interface management and components implementing application domain objects. The identification of objects is centred around a persistent data store and exploits object-oriented design metrics. Wrapping techniques are the core of the re-engineering activities. They make new systems able to exploit existing resources, thus allowing an incremental and selective translation of the identified objects