Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative linkage: a statistical procedure for its detection and estimation

A new approach for detecting and estimating quantitative linkage which uses sibship data is presented. Using a nested analysis of variance design (with marker genotype nested within sibship), it is shown that under the null hypothesis of no linkage, the expected between marker genotype within sibship mean square (EMSbeta) is equal to the expected within marker genotype within sibship mean square (EMSe), while under the alternative hypothesis of linkage, the first is greater than the second. Thus the regular F-ratio, MSbeta/MSe, can be used to test for quantitative linkage. This is true for both backcross and intercross matings and whether or not there is dominance at the marker locus. A second test involving the comparison of the within marker genotype within sibship variances is available for intercross matings. A maximum likelihood procedure for the estimation for the recombination frequency is also presented.
Proteins from Multiple Metabolic Pathways Associate with Starch Biosynthetic Enzymes in High Molecular Weight Complexes: A Model for Regulation of Carbon Allocation in Maize Amyloplasts1[C][W][OA]

Starch biosynthetic enzymes from maize (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) amyloplasts exist in cell extracts in high molecular weight complexes; however, the nature of those assemblies remains to be defined. This study tested the interdependence of the maize enzymes starch synthase IIa (SSIIa), SSIII, starch branching enzyme IIb (SBEIIb), and SBEIIa for assembly into multisubunit complexes. Mutations that eliminated any one of those proteins also prevented the others from assembling into a high molecular mass form of approximately 670 kD, so that SSIII, SSIIa, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb most likely all exist together in the same complex. SSIIa, SBEIIb, and SBEIIa, but not SSIII, were also interdependent for assembly into a complex of approximately 300 kD. SSIII, SSIIa, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb copurified through successive chromatography steps, and SBEIIa, SBEIIb, and SSIIa coimmunoprecipitated with SSIII in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. SBEIIa and SBEIIb also were retained on an affinity column bearing a specific conserved fragment of SSIII located outside of the SS catalytic domain. Additional proteins that copurified with SSIII in multiple biochemical methods included the two known isoforms of pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK), large and small subunits of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, and the sucrose synthase isoform SUS-SH1. PPDK and SUS-SH1 required SSIII, SSIIa, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb for assembly into the 670-kD complex. These complexes may function in global regulation of carbon partitioning between metabolic pathways in developing seeds.
Estimation of call prices for some stochastic volatility models

Recently there has been a growing interest in using stochastic volatility models in option pricing. A proposed option pricing valuation method is to use characteristic function. In this paper, we present a theory to obtain closed-form expressions of conditional characteristic functions for option pricing for several stochastic volatility models, based on partial differentiation equation. We also compare the option prices from our presented method and a recursive method introduced by Heston and Nandi (8). Our method significantly reduces the computation time by avoiding the recursive process.
Edge preserving orientation adaptive filtering for the improvement of the mammography image

In the setting of the automatic analysis of mammographic images, the detection of opacities of the breast is a well-known complex problem whose feasibility remains to be proven again. We present in This work a technique of filtering in order to detect the microcalcifications in clinical mammograms while achieving a more effective algorithm.
Legacy of the Two Crises: The Case of Malaysia*

This paper examines the long-run effects of the two crises, that is, the Asian currency crisis and the subprime financial crisis, on the Malaysian GDP. Using a Markov-switching unobserved components model, we decompose the Malaysian GDP into the permanent and transitory components which are subject to possible shifts around the two crises periods. According to the estimation results with the quarterly GDP over 1986:Q1 to 2011:Q1, the output loss caused by the two crises was moderate in the sense that the trend output did not decrease even in the midst of the two crisis-driven recessions, despite the sharp declines in actual GDP. Also, comparison of the actual and trend growth rates across the pre-, inter-, and post-crises periods strongly suggests that the growth potential of the Malaysian economy has declined after the two crises.
Visitor access management in personal wireless networks

The increasing popularity and variety of consumer multimedia devices is driving the need for networked homes. Yet setting up a secure wireless network is a daunting task for most ordinary users. Recently, there have been several proposals for easing this process. However, none of the proposals consider the problem of how to make it easy to manage visitor access. In this paper, we motivate the requirements for visitor management, show the shortcomings of the current easy setup proposals in this regard, and propose a new setup procedure that makes it easy to manage visitor access to wireless networks. Our contributions are twofold: first we present an approach to assigning categories to client devices at admission time so that selective revocation of clients based on those categories becomes possible. Then we present the idea of admission tickets, a flexible and secure way to delegate conditional access rights. We report the results and experience of prototyping of the proposed procedure using the HostAP framework.
A review and strategy for the diagnosis of speed-varying machinery

In this article, the challenges in condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of rotating machinery under speed-varying working condition is discussed. A general review is then given about the research progress of signal processing techniques dealing with non-stationary signal under that working condition. How to fully exploit the rich diagnostic information from the speed-varying processes is addressed. Some prospects are given finally.
Design 3D Password with session based technique for login security in Smartphone

Up till now numerous shoulder surfing safe graphical watchword plans have been proposed. On the other hand, as the greater part of the clients are more acquainted with literary passwords than the immaculate graphical passwords plot hence the content based graphical secret key plans have been proposed. However, none of the current content based shoulder surfing safe graphical watchword plans is both secure and sufficiently proficient. In this paper, we propose an enhanced content based shoulder using so as to surf safe graphical secret key plan hues in view of that the client can without much of a stretch and proficiently login framework. Next, we give the security and ease of use of the proposed plan, and demonstrate the resistance of the proposed plan to shoulder surfing and incidental login. Presently we propose a system that is 3D secret word with session based strategy for login security in advanced mobile phone implies we are going to utilize two level confirmations that is basic content based shoulder surfing graphical watchword as a first level. At whatever point we are going to login in advanced mobile phone there is one circle happen with numerous arbitrary shading and hover isolated into eight part which contain characters and alphanumerical which we select as a secret key. Furthermore, 3D pictures as a second level in which at whatever point client going to begin a session in advanced cell, number of time 3D pictures will be change yet question will be same which is utilized as a secret key on 3D pictures, which give more security to the client in PDA.
WIT: Window intensity test detector and descriptor

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for feature point detecting and matching. Algorithm is robust to image noise and computationally simple, hence it is more suitable for on-board processing robotics applications. We introduce two repeatability measurements, that can be used in training phase to optimize parameters of the algorithm. Proposed detection algorithm is free from extracting multiple points around the same feature point. We suggest a technique to overcome the effect of scale variation in detection stage, for a compensation of computational simplicity. In matching stage, we directly utilize resulting data from detection, which makes the overall process much faster. We procure a technique for matching point error suppression, for a compensation of computational simplicity. Simulation results provided in the paper illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Regulation of ventilatory capacity during exercise in asthmatics.

In asthmatic and control subjects, we examined the changes in ventilatory capacity (VECap), end-expiratory lung volume (EELV), and degree of flow limitation during three types of exercise: 1) incremental, 2) constant load (50% of maximal exercise capacity; 36 min), and 3) interval (alternating between 60 and 40% of maximal exercise capacity; 6-min workloads for 36 min). The VECap and degree of flow limitation at rest and during the various stages of exercise were estimated by aligning the tidal breathing flow-volume (F-V) loops within the maximal expiratory F-V (MEFV) envelope using the measured EELV. In contrast to more usual estimates of VECap (i.e., maximal voluntary ventilation and forced expiratory volume in 1 s x 40), the calculated VECap depended on the existing bronchomotor tone, the lung volume at which the subjects breathed (i.e., EELV), and the tidal volume. During interval and constant-load exercise, asthmatic subjects experienced reduced ventilatory reserve, higher degrees of flow limitation, and had higher EELVs compared with nonasthmatic subjects. During interval exercise, the VECap of the asthmatic subjects increased and decreased with variations in minute ventilation, due in part to alterations in their MEFV curve as exercise intensity varied between 60 and 49% of maximal capacity. In conclusion, asthmatic subjects have a more variable VECap and reduced ventilatory reserve during exercise compared with nonasthmatic subjects. The variations in VECap are due in part to a more labile MEFV curve secondary to changes in bronchomotor tone. Asthmatics defend VECap and minimize flow limitation by increasing EELV.
The effects of patellar taping on knee kinetics, kinematics, and vastus lateralis muscle activity during stair ambulation in individuals with patellofemoral pain.

STUDY DESIGN Pre- and postintervention repeated measures design. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of patellar taping on knee kinetics, kinematics, and vastus lateralis muscle activity during stair ambulation in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP). BACKGROUND Patellar taping is a common treatment technique for individuals with PFP. Specific data on whether patellar taping improves gait variables, however, are limited. METHODS AND MEASURES Ten subjects with a diagnosis of PFP were studied (five men, five women). The subjects' mean age, height, and mass were 36.5 +/- 11.1 years, 173.1 +/- 10.3 cm, and 70.9 +/- 13.3 kg, respectively. Lower extremity kinematics, ground reaction forces, and vastus lateralis EMG were obtained simultaneously while subjects ascended and descended stairs, under taped and untaped conditions. Knee moments were calculated using inverse dynamics equations. Four 2 x 2 (tape condition x stair condition) ANOVAs for repeated measures were generated for cadence and average stance phase knee extensor moment, knee flexion angle, and EMG. RESULTS On the average, a 92.6% reduction in pain was observed following the application of tape. Increases in cadence, knee flexion angles, and knee extensor moments were observed under the taped condition for both stair ascent and descent; however, no difference in average vastus lateralis EMG was found. CONCLUSIONS Although patellar taping resulted in decreased pain and increased knee extensor moments, knee flexion angles, and cadence during stair ambulation, the vastus lateralis EMG activity level did not change with taping. Based on data from the vastus lateralis, care must be taken if improved gait parameters indicate change in muscle recruitment.
Human Papillomavirus Type 31 Uses a Caveolin 1- and Dynamin 2-Mediated Entry Pathway for Infection of Human Keratinocytes

ABSTRACT Papillomaviruses are species-specific and epitheliotropic DNA viruses that cause tumors in their natural hosts. Certain infections with genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types are causally related to cervical cancer development. Most papillomaviruses are thought to infect cells via a clathrin-dependent pathway, yet no studies have determined the entry route in permissive host epithelial cells. Employing fluorescently labeled and native virions, we tested the effects of dominant-negative and biochemical inhibitors of cellular endocytosis pathways. Infections of human keratinocytes, a natural host cell type for HPVs, were assessed visually and by infectious entry assays. We found that HPV type 31 (HPV31) entry and initiation of early infection events require both caveolin 1 and dynamin 2 and occur independently of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Treatment with chlorpromazine and filipin had opposing effects on HPV31 and HPV16 infection. HPV31 entry was remarkably slow, with a half-time of ≈14 h, whereas the entry half-time of HPV16 was 4 h. Consistent with a caveola-mediated entry pathway for HPV31, the virions associated with detergent-resistant lipid rafts. During a 16-h microscopic tracking of HPV31 and HPV16 virions, no colocalization of the two viral types was observed. These data suggest that HPV31 and HPV16 virions use distinct routes for host epithelial cell entry.
Influence of Cranberry Juice on Glucan-Mediated Processes Involved in Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Development

Cranberry juice (CJ) has biological properties that may provide health benefits. In this study, we investigated the influence of CJ (pH 5.5) on several activities in vitro associated with the development of Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms. The ability of CJ to influence the adherence of S. mutans to either saliva- (sHA) or glucan-coated hydroxyapatite (gsHA), and to inhibit the glucan production by purified glucosyltransferases adsorbed to sHA was determined. For the adherence assays, we used both uncoated and saliva-coated bacterial cells. Furthermore, we examined whether CJ interferes with the viability, development, polysaccharide composition and acidogenicity of S. mutans biofilms. A solution containing equivalent amounts of glucose, fructose and organic acids at pH 5.5 was used as negative control. The adherence of S. mutans (uncoated and saliva-coated) to either sHA or gsHA treated with 25% CJ (v/v) was remarkably reduced (40–85% inhibition compared to control: p < 0.05), indicating that CJ effectively blocked the bacterial adherence to binding sites in salivary pellicle and in glucans. In contrast, when the bacterial cells alone were treated with CJ they adhered to the similar untreated surfaces. Cranberry juice (25%, v/v) also inhibited the activities of surface-adsorbed GTF B and C (70–80% inhibition compared to control, p < 0.05). The effect of CJ on the viability of microorganisms in biofilms was not significant. Biofilm formation and accumulation were significantly reduced by topical applications of 25% CJ (v/v) twice daily with 1-min exposures (p < 0.05). The biomass and insoluble glucan content of the biofilms in addition to its acidogenicity were significantly reduced by cranberry treatments (p < 0.05). Our data show that cranberry juice inhibited glucan-mediated biofilm development and acid production, and holds promise as a natural product to prevent biofilm-related oral diseases.
Circumpolar dynamics of a marine top‐predator track ocean warming rates

Global warming is a nonlinear process, and temperature may increase in a stepwise manner. Periods of abrupt warming can trigger persistent changes in the state of ecosystems, also called regime shifts. The responses of organisms to abrupt warming and associated regime shifts can be unlike responses to periods of slow or moderate change. Understanding of nonlinearity in the biological responses to climate warming is needed to assess the consequences of ongoing climate change. Here, we demonstrate that the population dynamics of a long‐lived, wide‐ranging marine predator are associated with changes in the rate of ocean warming. Data from 556 colonies of black‐legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla distributed throughout its breeding range revealed that an abrupt warming of sea‐surface temperature in the 1990s coincided with steep kittiwake population decline. Periods of moderate warming in sea temperatures did not seem to affect kittiwake dynamics. The rapid warming observed in the 1990s may have driven large‐scale, circumpolar marine ecosystem shifts that strongly affected kittiwakes through bottom‐up effects. Our study sheds light on the nonlinear response of a circumpolar seabird to large‐scale changes in oceanographic conditions and indicates that marine top predators may be more sensitive to the rate of ocean warming rather than to warming itself.
Magnetic resonance imaging in determination of myocardial ischemia and viability: comparison with positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography in a porcine model

Background: In patients with chronic left ventricular dysfunction, the size of the viable cardiac muscle is correlated with the prognosis and the outcome of myocardial revascularization. Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic value of various imaging techniques in determination of myocardial ischemia and viability. Material and Methods: A chronic myocardial ischemia animal model was established, in which 10 pigs underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (201Tl SPECT) before and 1–2 months after modeling. The size of myocardial ischemia and necrosis was judged, and the imaging manifestations were compared with pathologic findings. Results: Seven of the 10 animals completed all examinations uneventfully. On dobutamine-stressed cine MRI, 10 (8.93%) segments were found to be akinetic. Perfusion was abnormal in 34 (30.35%) segments. Delayed hyperenhancement was observed in 12 (10.71%) segments. PET detected myocardial necrosis in 17 (15.18%) segments, and SPECT detected myocardial necrosis in nine (8.04%) segments. Histological examination with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) showed pale necrosis in 14 (12.50%) segments. The number of necrotic segments detected by PET was significantly greater than that by contrast-enhanced MRI (χ2 = 5, P = 0.0253, kappa = 0.8028) and cine MRI (χ2 = 7, P = 0.0082, kappa = 0.7079). It was also greater than that by TTC (χ2 = 3, P = 0.0833, kappa = 0.8879), although the difference was statistically insignificant. The number of necrotic segments detected by SPECT was significantly smaller than that by TTC (χ2 = 5, P = 0.0253, kappa = 0.7590), as was the number of necrotic segments detected by cine MRI (χ2 = 4, P = 0.0455, kappa = 0.8100). There was no statistically significant difference in the detection of necrotic segments between contrast-enhanced MRI and TTC (χ2 = 2, P = 0.1573, kappa = 0.9130). Conclusion: Cardiac MRI can determine viable myocardium and clearly delineate the location and degree of myocardial necrosis. PET slightly overestimates the extent of the necrotic myocardium and is unable to distinguish transmural necrosis from subendocardial necrosis.
Ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio and hepatic attenuation rate for quantifying liver fat content.

AIM To establish and validate a simple quantitative assessment method for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) based on a combination of the ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio and hepatic attenuation rate. METHODS A total of 170 subjects were enrolled in this study. All subjects were examined by ultrasound and (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) on the same day. The ultrasound hepatic/renal echo-intensity ratio and ultrasound hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate were obtained from ordinary ultrasound images using the MATLAB program. RESULTS Correlation analysis revealed that the ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio and hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate were significantly correlated with (1)H-MRS liver fat content (ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio: r = 0.952, P = 0.000; hepatic echo-intensity attenuation r = 0.850, P = 0.000). The equation for predicting liver fat content by ultrasound (quantitative ultrasound model) is: liver fat content (%) = 61.519 × ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio + 167.701 × hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate -26.736. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the liver fat content ratio of the quantitative ultrasound model was positively correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and triglyceride, but negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the optimal point for diagnosing fatty liver was 9.15% in the quantitative ultrasound model. Furthermore, in the quantitative ultrasound model, fatty liver diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 94.7% and 100.0%, respectively, showing that the quantitative ultrasound model was better than conventional ultrasound methods or the combined ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio and hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate. If the (1)H-MRS liver fat content had a value < 15%, the sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasound quantitative model would be 81.4% and 100%, which still shows that using the model is better than the other methods. CONCLUSION The quantitative ultrasound model is a simple, low-cost, and sensitive tool that can accurately assess hepatic fat content in clinical practice. It provides an easy and effective parameter for the early diagnosis of mild hepatic steatosis and evaluation of the efficacy of NAFLD treatment.
Study of the neovascularisation of prefabrication of flaps using a silicone sheet and an isolated arterial pedicle: Experimental study in rabbits

Use of an isolated artery as an implanted pedicle in prefabricated flaps has rarely been reported either clinically or experimentally. In Chinchilla Bastard rabbits (n=36), we dissected an isolated arterial pedicle from the femoral and saphenous artery, anastomosed it end-to-end to the femoral vein at the inguinal ligament and created an isolated arterial loop pedicle. This was implanted and fixed with polyglactin 9/0 under a random-pattern vascularised abdominal fasciocutaneous flap. The neovascularisation in the prefabricated flaps was evaluated macroscopically, by blood analysis, selective microangiography, and histology. The results showed a progressive degree of neovascularisation that corresponded to the increasing length of time that the pedicle was implanted in the flaps. Twenty days after prefabrication, the abdominal fasciocutaneous flap was readily perfused by the blood supply from the arterial pedicle. The capacity of the vessels in this group as seen on angiograms had increased to 258 vessels (108%) compared with the control group (239 vessels, 100%).