Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A red zwitterionic co-crystal of acetaminophen and 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.

We report on a co-crystal of acetaminophen (APAP) and 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDA). The co-crystal was discovered by screening using the solution-mediated phase transformation (SMPT) technique. Despite the bulk solids of each component being white in color, the new co-crystal phase exhibited a red color. The new phase was analyzed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and identified as (APAP). (PDA). (1). Structural analysis revealed PDA to exist in a hitherto unreported zwitterionic form in the co-crystal. A structural analysis of pure PDA revealed the presence of the zwitterion form in (PDA). (H(2)O) (2), as well. The components of 1 self-assemble as a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogen-bonded network with a pronounced 2D structure. The origin of the red color was investigated using density functional theory calculations, which demonstrate a decreasing pi-pi(*) separation involving the components of the solid.
Direct detection of guidance receptor activity during border cell migration

Guidance receptor signaling is crucial for steering migrating cells. Despite this, we generally lack direct measurements of such signaling. Border cells in Drosophila migrate as a tightly associated group, but dynamically, with front and rear cells exchanging places. They use the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) PDGF/VEGF receptor (PVR) as a guidance receptor, perceiving the attractant Pvf1. Here we determine the spatial distribution of PVR signaling by generating an antibody that specifically detects activated PVR in situ. PVR activity is very low in migrating border cells, due to strong activity of cellular phosphatases. Measurements of signal at the cell cortex show variability but a strong bias for both total active PVR and specific activity of PVR to be elevated at the front versus side of the leading cell, often with several-fold difference in signal levels. This polarized active PVR signal requires the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl and the recycling regulator Rab11, indicating a dependency on receptor trafficking. The endogenous ligand gradient contributes to shaping of signaling by increasing the specific activity of PVR toward the source in front cells. Surprisingly, signaling is also elevated at the back versus the side of rear cells. This distally polarized distribution of active PVR is ligand independent. Thus the actual guidance signal transmitted in border cells appears to integrate perceived ligand distribution with cell polarity or cell orientation with respect to the cluster. A general implication is that both group configuration and extrinsic cues can directly modulate guidance receptor signaling during collective cell migration.
Distributed LQR Design for Dynamically Decoupled Systems

We consider a set of identical decoupled dynamical systems and a control problem where the performance index couples the behavior of the systems. The coupling is described through a communication graph where each system is a node and the control action at each node is only function of its state and the states of its neighbors. A distributed control design method is presented which requires the solution of a single LQR problem. The size of the LQR problem is equal to the maximum vertex degree of the communication graph plus one. The design procedure proposed in this paper illustrates how stability of the large-scale system is related to the robustness of local controllers and the spectrum of a matrix representing the sparsity pattern of the distributed controller design problem
CX Problems Related to the Use of Speech in Clinical Audiometry

Any useful clinical test of hearing suggests at least one of the following functions: 1) Diagnosis and prognosis connected with ear disease; 2) evaluation of medical or surgical therapy or a hearing aid; 3) estimation of the social adequacy or disability of hearing. Since the earliest days of otology these have been the three major purposes for hearing tests and they have not all been achieved (equally well) by the different tests that have been developed.
Targeting Host Cell Surface Nucleolin for RSV Therapy: Challenges and Opportunities

Nucleolin (NCL) has been reported as a cellular receptor for the human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We studied the effects of re-purposing AS1411, an anti-cancer compound that binds cell surface NCL, as a possible novel strategy for RSV therapy in vitro and in vivo. AS1411 was administered to RSV-infected cultures of non-polarized (HEp-2) and polarized (MDCK) epithelial cells and to virus-infected mice and cotton rats. Results of in vitro experiments showed that AS1411, used in micromolar concentrations, was associated with decreases in the number of virus-positive cells. Intranasal administration of AS1411 (50 mg/kg) to RSV-infected mice and cotton rats was associated with partial reductions in lung viral titers, decreased virus-associated airway inflammation, and decreased IL-4/IFN-γ ratios when compared to untreated, infected animals. In conclusion, our findings indicate that therapeutic use of AS1411 has modest effects on RSV replication and host response. While the results underscore the challenges of targeting cell surface NCL as a potential novel strategy for RSV therapy, they also highlight the potential of cell surface NCL as a therapeutic target.
What Predicts Successful Literacy Acquisition in a Second Language?

In the study reported here, we examined whether success (or failure) in assimilating the structure of a second language can be predicted by general statistical-learning abilities that are nonlinguistic in nature. We employed a visual-statistical-learning (VSL) task, monitoring our participants’ implicit learning of the transitional probabilities of visual shapes. A pretest revealed that performance in the VSL task was not correlated with abilities related to a general g factor or working memory. We found that, on average, native speakers of English who more accurately picked up the implicit statistical structure embedded in the continuous stream of shapes better assimilated the Semitic structure of Hebrew words. Languages and their writing systems are characterized by idiosyncratic correlations of form and meaning, and our findings suggest that these correlations are picked up in the process of literacy acquisition, as they are picked up in any other type of learning, for the purpose of making sense of the environment.
Automated annotation of Drosophila gene expression patterns using a controlled vocabulary

MOTIVATION Regulation of gene expression in space and time directs its localization to a specific subset of cells during development. Systematic determination of the spatiotemporal dynamics of gene expression plays an important role in understanding the regulatory networks driving development. An atlas for the gene expression patterns of fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been created by whole-mount in situ hybridization, and it documents the dynamic changes of gene expression pattern during Drosophila embryogenesis. The spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression are integrated by anatomical terms from a controlled vocabulary linking together intermediate tissues developed from one another. Currently, the terms are assigned to patterns manually. However, the number of patterns generated by high-throughput in situ hybridization is rapidly increasing. It is, therefore, tempting to approach this problem by employing computational methods. RESULTS In this article, we present a novel computational framework for annotating gene expression patterns using a controlled vocabulary. In the currently available high-throughput data, annotation terms are assigned to groups of patterns rather than to individual images. We propose to extract invariant features from images, and construct pyramid match kernels to measure the similarity between sets of patterns. To exploit the complementary information conveyed by different features and incorporate the correlation among patterns sharing common structures, we propose efficient convex formulations to integrate the kernels derived from various features. The proposed framework is evaluated by comparing its annotation with that of human curators, and promising performance in terms of F1 score has been reported.
Enhanced neural machine translation by learning from draft

Neural machine translation (NMT) has recently achieved impressive results. A potential problem of the existing NMT algorithm, however, is that the decoding is conducted from left to right, without considering the right context. This paper proposes an two-stage approach to solve the problem. In the first stage, a conventional attention-based NMT system is used to produce a draft translation, and in the second stage, a novel double-attention NMT system is used to refine the translation, by looking at the original input as well as the draft translation. This drafting-and-refinement can obtain the right-context information from the draft, hence producing more consistent translations. We evaluated this approach using two Chinese-English translation tasks, one with 44k pairs and 1M pairs respectively. The experiments showed that our approach achieved positive improvements over the conventional NMT system: the improvements are 2.4 and 0.9 BLEU points on the small-scale and large-scale tasks, respectively.
The developmental dynamics of marmoset monkey vocal production

Marmosets learn to talk baby-talk As human infants grow, their vocalizations change from cries, to babbles, to words. This pattern has been presumed to be absent from other primates. Indeed, the development of bird song is often regarded as a closer approximation of human language development. Takahashi et al., however, observed that marmoset cries and calls in the first 2 months after birth mature in much the same way as they do in humans (see the Perspective by Margoliash and Tchernichovski). Calls changed as the infants' vocal structures grew and were influenced by feedback from their parents. Science, this issue p. 734; see also p. 688 Young marmosets, like young humans, use cues from adults as they develop vocalizations. [Also see Perspective by Margoliash and Tchernichovski] Human vocal development occurs through two parallel interactive processes that transform infant cries into more mature vocalizations, such as cooing sounds and babbling. First, natural categories of sounds change as the vocal apparatus matures. Second, parental vocal feedback sensitizes infants to certain features of those sounds, and the sounds are modified accordingly. Paradoxically, our closest living ancestors, nonhuman primates, are thought to undergo few or no production-related acoustic changes during development, and any such changes are thought to be impervious to social feedback. Using early and dense sampling, quantitative tracking of acoustic changes, and biomechanical modeling, we showed that vocalizations in infant marmoset monkeys undergo dramatic changes that cannot be solely attributed to simple consequences of growth. Using parental interaction experiments, we found that contingent parental feedback influences the rate of vocal development. These findings overturn decades-old ideas about primate vocalizations and show that marmoset monkeys are a compelling model system for early vocal development in humans.
Simulating the Thermal Response of High Explosives on Time Scales of Days to Microseconds

We present an overview of computational techniques for simulating the thermal cookoff of high explosives using a multi‐physics hydrodynamics code, ALE3D. Recent improvements to the code have aided our computational capability in modeling the response of energetic materials systems exposed to extreme thermal environments, such as fires. We consider an idealized model process for a confined explosive involving the transition from slow heating to rapid deflagration in which the time scale changes from days to hundreds of microseconds. The heating stage involves thermal expansion and decomposition according to an Arrhenius kinetics model while a pressure‐dependent burn model is employed during the explosive phase. We describe and demonstrate the numerical strategies employed to make the transition from slow to fast dynamics.
Price Cutting in Liability Insurance Markets

This article analyzes alleged underpricing of general liability insurance prior to the mid-1980s liability insurance crisis. The theoretical analysis considers whether moral hazard and/or heterogeneous information for forecasting claim costs can cause some firms to price too low and depress other firms' prices. Cross-sectional analysis of insurer loss forecast revisions (which should be greater for firms with low prices caused by moral hazard or heterogeneous information) and premium growth provides evidence consistent with low pricing due to moral hazard but not heterogeneous information. The evidence also implies that shifts in the loss distribution produced large industrywide forecast errors. Copyright 1994 by University of Chicago Press.
Tailoring of the structural, energetic and electronic properties of silicene-based nanostructures

Silicene-based nanostructures are highly promising for future applications in electronics as silicon is an important element for conventional semiconductor industry. In our recent works, we have studied the effect of external electric filed, strain and metal adatoms on tailoring the structural, energetic and electronic properties of silicene-based nanostructures using first-principles and tight-binding methods. We find that half-metallicity can be realized in zigzag silicene nanoribbons when applying electric field across the nanoribbon width. Under small tensile strain, some armchair silicene nanoribbons are predicted to have linear energy dispersion around the Fermi level. And strain-induced structural phase transitions are observed in silicene bilayers in which strong covalent interlayer bonds form. When metal atoms are adsorbed on silicene, several metal adatoms obtain a larger binding energy than the cohesive energy of the bulk metal and the bonding between the metal atoms and silicene can be ionic or covalent.
Towards an accurate AS-level traceroute tool

Traceroute is widely used to detect routing problems, characterize end-to-end paths, and discover the Internet topology. Providing an accurate list of the Autonomous Systems (ASes) along the forwarding path would make traceroute even more valuable to researchers and network operators. However, conventional approaches to mapping traceroute hops to AS numbers are not accurate enough. Address registries are often incomplete and out-of-date. BGP routing tables provide a better IP-to-AS mapping, though this approach has significant limitations as well. Based on our extensive measurements, about 10% of the traceroute paths have one or more hops that do not map to a unique AS number, and around 15% of the traceroute AS paths have an AS loop. In addition, some traceroute AS paths have extra or missing AS hops due to Internet eXchange Points, sibling ASes managed by the same institution, and ASes that do not advertise routes to their infrastructure. Using the BGP tables as a starting point, we propose techniques for improving the IP-to-AS mapping as an important step toward an AS-level traceroute tool. Our algorithms draw on analysis of traceroute probes, reverse DNS lookups, BGP routing tables, and BGP update messages collected from multiple locations. We also discuss how the improved IP-to-AS mapping allows us to home in on cases where the BGP and traceroute AS paths differ for legitimate reasons.
Simulation on Optical Properties of Gold and Silver Coated Nano Coreshell

Fabrication, optical property of nano coreshells and their potential applications in chemical and biological sensors have attracted much research interest. In this paper, we simulated the effect of size, structure, and dielectric properties as well embedding medium on the optical properties of gold or silver coated coreshell nanoparticle and the corresponding effects both of phase-retardation and of electron interface scattering as well as the nansize effect were discussed. Intriguing transition of the optical properties was simulated when a two-phase core-shell nanoparticle changes gradually into the single phase nanoparticle. We also obtained a good correlation of the simulation to the experimental results. Thus, the simulation has many implications and can guide further core-shell nanostructure fabrication with optimization of its optical properties.
Application of DNA Fingerprinting Technology in Forensic Investigation

Every individual in the world can be, identified at the molecular level on the basis of an extremely high level of polymorphism in the sequence of his or her DNA, which he or she inherits from his or her biological parents and is Identical in every cell of the body. DNA fingerprinting, as this technique of identification is called, can confirm with certainty the parentage of an individual. The application of DNA profiling in the criminal justice system is an important issue in criminal investigators today. The technology is changing rapidly and several new techniques are becoming available. DNA profiling has been described as a powerful breakthrough in forensic science. The Forensic Use of DNA Profiling is a major contribution to a technology which can help not only in including the culprit but also to exclude the innocent. In this article an attempt is made to elaborate the changing scenario of the technology in the recent years as well as to present the some real cases where different variants of the DNA fingerprinting technology were successfully applied in solving the criminal cases in our laboratory.
On Parallel-Repetition, Unique-Game and Max-Cut

Khot, Kindler, Mossel and O’Donnell [KKMO04] showed a reduction from the UniqueGame problem to the problem of approximating MaxCut for any approximation that is even slightly better than the eﬃcient algorithm of Goemans & Williamson [GW95]. A most interesting and important open problem is whether there exists an eﬃcient reduction in the other direction. Such a reduction would imply that the complexity of UniqueGame , as well as all other problems shown hard for it, depends on the complexity of approximating MaxCut . The Parallel Repetition technique —or a variation thereof— can yield such a reduction, as long as it is proven to behave ”optimally”, namely so that the upper-bounds for satisﬁability match the known lower-bounds. This paper presents two variants of the Parallel-Repetition. One that preserves uniqueness but works only for good expanders and union of disjoint expanders, and the other that works for any instance but does not preserve uniqueness. We show that the two variants of the Parallel-Repetition technique perform “optimally”, i.e, the success probability decays exponentially fast with k , regardless of the alphabet size and with no power on ε , albeit only down to some constant error probability of the generated instance. Such analysis also has algorithmic consequences: it allows converting an approximation algorithm for one set of parameters (error, size of alphabet and approximation ratio) into another, so that an optimal algorithm for one such set of parameters suﬃces to obtain optimal approximations for all the others.
Synthesis of Certain Pyrimido[2,1-b]benzo-thiazole and Benzothiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline Derivatives for in vitro Antitumor and Antiviral Activities

Summary Some new pyrimido[2,1-b]benzothiazole and benzothiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline derivatives have been synthesized and tested for their antitumor and antiviral activities. Among therm, compounds 5c and 8d exhibited a broad spectrum antitumor activity with full panel (MG-MID) median growth inhibition (GI50) of 11.0 and 11.9 μmol/l, respectively. On the other hand, compounds 5c and 5d showed potential activity against Herpes simplex type-1(HSV-1) with 61 and 50 % reduction in the viral plaques, respectively. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic and biological data are reported.
Influence of needle-like morphology on the bioactivity of nanocrystalline wollastonite – an in vitro study

In the past 2 decades, wollastonite has been studied thoroughly for its application as a bone implant material due to its biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, and excellent bioactivity when compared to calcium phosphates bioceramics. Wollastonite was prepared through the low-temperature sol-gel combustion method using urea as the fuel, nitrate ions and nitric acid as the oxidizer. Calcium nitrate and tetraethyl orthosilicate were taken as the source of calcium and silica. The synthesized wollastonite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the identification of characteristic functional group and powder X-ray diffraction for the phase identification. Employing urea as a fuel resulted in needle-like morphology of the particles, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was observed that the needle-like morphology enhances the mechanical properties such as elasticity and compressive strength and also increases the surface area of the material, which could help in a rapid deposition of hydroxyapatite layer. These properties of wollastonite warrant its application as a new artificial bone material in the field of hard tissue engineering.
Finite Element Analysis of Phase Transformation Dynamics in Shape Memory Alloys with a Consistent Landau-Ginzburg Free Energy Model

The Landau theory of phase transition has been successfully applied to solve a number of important problems in the dynamics of martensitic phase transformations in alloys. On the other hand, although a precise mathematical description of the microstructures is known within the framework of Cauchy-Born hypothesis, its discrete version is not well elucidated in the literature, especially for multivariant transformations in three-dimensional samples. A major reason for such a situation lies with computational difficulties connected with quasi-convexity of the associated minimization problem. In this paper we develop a Landau-Ginzburg free energy model for dynamic problems of phase transformations and show a possible link of the developed framework with the continuum description of phase transformations. We demonstrate how the precise description of compatible microstructures in the phase-field model can be used in computational finite element models. The developed framework is sufficiently general to be applied to different types of phase transforming alloys and under general thermo-mechanical loadings. We exemplify the developed technique and its finite element implementation on cubic to tetragonal transformations.
A Polynomial-Time Affine-Scaling Method for Semidefinite and Hyperbolic Programming

We develop a natural variant of Dikin's affine-scaling method, first for semidefinite programming and then for hyperbolic programming in general. We match the best complexity bounds known for interior-point methods. All previous polynomial-time affine-scaling algorithms have been for conic optimization problems in which the underlying cone is symmetric. Hyperbolicity cones, however, need not be symmetric. Our algorithm is the first polynomial-time affine-scaling method not relying on symmetry.