Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Health Action Process Approach as a Motivational Model of Dietary Self-Management for People With Multiple Sclerosis

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the health action process approach (HAPA) as a motivational model for dietary self-management for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Quantitative descriptive research design using path analysis was used. Participants were 209 individuals with MS recruited from the National MS Society and a neurology clinic at a university teaching hospital in the Midwest. Outcome was measured by the Healthy Dietary Stages of Change Instrument, along with 10 predictor measures. The HAPA dietary self-management model fit the data relatively well (goodness-of-fit index = .95, normed fit index = .90, comparative fit index = .95, and root mean square error approximation = 0.07) explaining 15% of the variance in dietary self-management behavior. Recovery self-efficacy and action and coping planning directly contributed to the prediction of dietary health behaviors. Action self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, risk perception, and social support influenced intention, and the relationship between intention and dietary health behaviors is mediated by action and coping planning. Action self-efficacy, maintenance self-efficacy, and recovery self-efficacy directly or indirectly affected dietary health behaviors. Empirical support was found for the HAPA model of dietary self-management for people with MS. The HAPA model can be used to design behavioral health promotion interventions for people with disabilities in vocational rehabilitation.
Exploiting Network-on-Chip structural redundancy for a cooperative and scalable built-in self-test architecture

This paper proposes a built-in self-test/self-diagnosis procedure at start-up of an on-chip network (NoC). Concurrent BIST operations are carried out after reset at each switch, thus resulting in scalable test application time with network size. The key principle consists of exploiting the inherent structural redundancy of the NoC architecture in a cooperative way, thus detecting faults in test pattern generators too. At-speed testing of stuck-at faults can be performed in less than 1200 cycles regardless of their size, with an hardware overhead of less than 11%.
The tigA gene is a transcriptional fusion of glycolytic genes encoding triose-phosphate isomerase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in oomycota

Genes encoding triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) are fused and form a single transcriptional unit (tigA) in Phytophthora species, members of the order Pythiales in the phylum Oomycota. This is the first demonstration of glycolytic gene fusion in eukaryotes and the first case of a TPI-GAPDH fusion in any organism. The tigA gene from Phytophthora infestans has a typical Oomycota transcriptional start point consensus sequence and, in common with most Phytophthora genes, has no introns. Furthermore, Southern and PCR analyses suggest that the same organization exists in other closely related genera, such as Pythium, from the same order (Oomycota), as well as more distantly related genera, Saprolegnia and Achlya, in the order Saprolegniales. Evidence is provided that in P. infestans, there is at least one other discrete copy of a GAPDH-encoding gene but not of a TPI-encoding gene. Finally, a phylogenetic analysis of TPI does not place Phytophthora within the assemblage of crown eukaryotes and suggests TPI may not be particularly useful for resolving relationships among major eukaryotic groups.
Contextualising ECEC research: the case of Slovenia

In the present study the longitudinal relations between quantity of centre-based child care (in months) and teacher reports of internalising and externalising behaviour in the first and second grades were examined for 325 Slovenian children. The socio-political context of affordable, accessible and homogenously high-quality child care is quite different compared to the context in countries from which many child-care studies originate (e.g. the USA). In Slovenia quality standards are regulated (child:staff ratio, teacher education, curriculum), the service is subsidised and children are guaranteed a place after the end of parental leave (i.e. at 11 months). In the described socio-political context a beneficial effect of child care quantity was found for internalising behaviour, while there were negative effects for externalising behaviour. Children who spent more time in child care exhibited less internalising behaviour and more externalising behaviour in the first grade of school, both with small coefficient sizes. Our study shows that even in the context of progressive child care some positive as well as less positive effects of child care participation on child development occur.
Blowing your own Trumpet: Exploring the Gendered Dynamics of Self-Promotion in the Classical Music Profession

This chapter explores the gendered dynamics of self-promotion by drawing on 64 in-depth interviews with female, classically trained musicians in London and Berlin. As in other sectors in the cultural industries, the ability to self-promote is considered key to finding employment. However, many research participants were reluctant to engage in self-promotion. First, it was associated with pushy behaviour that conflicts with normative expectations that women are modest. Second, self-promotion was regarded as a commercial activity and positioned as unartistic. Taking into account that women have been constructed as the artist's Other, engagement in self-promotion may threaten their already tenuous status as artists. Lastly, the notion of selling yourself may evoke the spectre of prostitution due to the sexualization of female musicians and the fact that it is mainly women who sell their bodies. As I will show, these gendered dynamics do not mean that female musicians are unable to pursue self-promotion, but that they engage in a range of discursive strategies to negotiate and secure their identities as female artists.
TextRank based search term identification for software change tasks

During maintenance, software developers deal with a number of software change requests. Each of those requests is generally written using natural language texts, and it involves one or more domain related concepts. A developer needs to map those concepts to exact source code locations within the project in order to implement the requested change. This mapping generally starts with a search within the project that requires one or more suitable search terms. Studies suggest that the developers often perform poorly in coming up with good search terms for a change task. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a novel TextRank-based technique that automatically identifies and suggests search terms for a software change task by analyzing its task description. Experiments with 349 change tasks from two subject systems and comparison with one of the latest and closely related state-of-the-art approaches show that our technique is highly promising in terms of suggestion accuracy, mean average precision and recall.
Beyond Attribution Theory: Cognitive Processes in Performance Appraisal

Performance appraisal is construed as the outcome of a dual-process system of evaluation and decision making. Attention, categorization, recall, and information integration are carried out via either an automatic or a controlled process. In the automatic process, aspects of an employee and his/her behavior are noted and the employee is categorized without conscious monitoring. The automatic process is dominant except when decisions are problematic, in which case a consciously monitored categorization process takes place. Subsequent recall of the employee is biased by the attributes of prototypes (abstract images) representing categories to which the employee has been assigned. Dispositional and contextual factors influence the availability of categories during both assignment and recall. Categorization also biases any subsequent search for information about the employee, and interacts with task type to produce halo, leniency/ stringency biases, and racial, sexual, ethnic, and personalistic bias as well. The same automatic and controlled processes can, however, account for accuracy of evaluations. Suggested research includes the study of behavior taxonomies, individual differences in cognitive structure, the validation of behavior-sampling techniques, and laboratory studies of appraisal processes.
Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914

A gravitational-wave (GW) transient was identified in data recorded by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors on 2015 September 14. The event, initially designated G184098 and later given the name GW150914, is described in detail elsewhere. By prior arrangement, preliminary estimates of the time, significance, and sky location of the event were shared with 63 teams of observers covering radio, optical, near-infrared, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths with ground- and space-based facilities. In this Letter we describe the low-latency analysis of the GW data and present the sky localization of the first observed compact binary merger. We summarize the follow-up observations reported by 25 teams via private Gamma-ray Coordinates Network circulars, giving an overview of the participating facilities, the GW sky localization coverage, the timeline and depth of the observations. As this event turned out to be a binary black hole merger, there is little expectation of a detectable electromagnetic (EM) signature. Nevertheless, this first broadband campaign to search for a counterpart of an Advanced LIGO source represents a milestone and highlights the broad capabilities of the transient astronomy community and the observing strategies that have been developed to pursue neutron star binary merger events. Detailed investigations of the EM data and results of the EM follow-up campaign are being disseminated in papers by the individual teams.
Discovery of Invariant Bot Behavior through Visual Network Monitoring System

Botnets are emerging as the most significant threat facing online ecosystems and computing assets due to their enormous volume and sheer power. It is a major challenge for cyber-security research community to combat the emerging threat of botnets. Most of useful approaches for botnet traffic detection are based on passive network traffic monitoring and analysis. Nevertheless, typical network traffic generates a huge amount of data for analysis. In addition, the poor user interfaces of the existing tools lead to the insufficient utilization of the captured data, and do not consider utilization of human intellectual capability. The proposed visual network monitoring system tackles these issues by adopting proper visualization techniques. The proposed visualization techniques enhance the visibility of network traffic related to invariant bot behaviors, and provide notification of bot existence without distracting the user with huge volumes of data. The visual illustration of typical bot behavior improves the botnet traffic detection process by engaging human perception capabilities. This approach assists security personnel with a visual security tool to mitigate botnet threats by discovering invariant botnet behaviors during the benign state of a botnet in small to medium size networks. Moreover, the user friendly interface of this system is interactive, flexible, and easy to use.
COMPARISON OF THE IMMUNOMODULATORY PROPERTIES OF FOUR PROBIOTIC STRAINS OF LACTOBACILLUS : PREDICTION FOR IN VIVO EFFICACY

Probiotics, microorganisms that have a favorable influence on physiological and pathological processes of the host by their effect on the intestinal flora, may play a role in improving human health. One of the putative effects is the modulation of immune function. The present study was carried out to evaluate the immune modulatory potential of four strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus in swiss albino mice. Immune response was assessed by various methods as the development of antibody titers, the delayed type hypersensitivity test, the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test, inducible nitric oxide synthase test and the phagocytic activity test. The results showed that immunomodulation by L. acidophilus is strain specific and it is asserted that orally supplemented L. acidophilus could exert an indirect effect on T-lymphocyte activity through stimulation of other cell types, such as phagocytes.
Pelvic pain in women: clinical and scientific aspects

Purpose of reviewPelvic pain is a common complaint of women that is frequently poorly managed. This review considers the current understanding of the mechanisms of pain perception and the development of chronic pain in the context of three gynaecological pain conditions. Recent advances in the management of these conditions are then discussed. Recent findingsPersistent pelvic pain is associated with central changes, reflected by alterations in psychology, brain structure and function, and dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. The many similarities among the conditions support the notion that chronic pain should be treated as a symptom in its own right, however, obtaining a diagnosis remains important to patients. Few new treatments have been developed recently, however, older treatments are being subjected to more rigorous testing and improvements in phenotyping should lead to better design of clinical trials. SummaryGood quality, well designed clinical trials are urgently required to improve the treatment of pelvic pain in women. However, a variety of successful treatments exist and outcomes can be optimized by individualizing treatment strategies in the context of a multidisciplinary package.
Maternal HIV infection associated with small-for-gestational age infants but not preterm births: evidence from rural South Africa

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is prevalent in many countries where small-for-gestational age (SGA) and premature delivery are also common. However, the associations between maternal HIV, preterm delivery and SGA infants remain unclear. We estimate the prevalence of SGA and preterm (<37 weeks) births, their associations with antenatal maternal HIV infection and their contribution to infant mortality, in a high HIV prevalent, rural area in South Africa. METHODS Data were collected, in a non-randomized intervention cohort study, on all women attending antenatal clinics (2001–2004), before the availability of antiretroviral treatment. Newborns were weighed and gestational age was determined (based on last menstrual period plus midwife assessment antenatally). Poisson regression with robust variance assessed risk factors for preterm and SGA birth, while Cox regression assessed infant mortality and associated factors. RESULTS Of 2368 live born singletons, 16.6% were SGA and 21.4% were preterm. HIV-infected women (n= 1189) more commonly had SGA infants than uninfected women (18.1 versus 15.1%; P = 0.051), but percentages preterm were similar (21.8 versus 20.9%; P = 0.621). After adjustment for water source, delivery place, parity and maternal height, the SGA risk in HIV-infected women was higher [adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.53], but the association between maternal HIV infection and preterm delivery remained weak and not significant (aRR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.91–1.26). In multivariable analyses, mortality under 1 year of age was significantly higher in SGA and severely SGA than in appropriate-for-gestational-age infants [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 2.12, 95% CI: 1.18–3.81 and 2.77, 95% CI: 1.56–4.91], but no difference in infant mortality was observed between the preterm and term infants (aHR: 1.18 95% CI: 0.79–1.79 for 34–36 weeks and 1.31, 95% CI: 0.58–2.94 for <34 weeks). CONCLUSIONS Maternal HIV infection increases the risk of SGA, but not preterm births, in this cohort.
Social Theory, Social Research, and a Theory of Action

After an extraordinarily promising beginning in 1937 with The Structure of Social Action, Talcott Parsons abandoned his attempt to ground social theory in a theory of purposive action. The functionalism that resulted moved in one direction, while social research has progressively moved in an individual-behavioristic direction, resulting in an ever-widening divergence between research and theory. This paper describes paths in research and in theory development, that will reconstitute relevance of each for the other. The essential elements are two. The first is use of a theory of purposive action as a foundation for social theory; this entails acceptance of a form of methodological individualism and rejection of holism. The second is a focus in social research and theory on the movement from the level of individual actions to macrosocial functioning, that is, the level of system behavior.
The Unintended Consequences of Culture Interventions: A Study of Unexpected Outcomes

The topic of managing culture has been central to organizational culture research for the last two decades. Although critical theorists argue that culture management efforts are prone to unintended consequences, few empirical studies have explicitly explored this issue. The study reported in this article is designed to redress this imbalance in the literature through focusing on the exploration and description of the unintended consequences of culture management interventions. The aims of the study are to locate and describe how management actions during culture change initiatives result in unintended consequences and then subsequently to explore and describe these effects. The article begins with an overview of contemporary research into the nature of culture, the rationale, approaches and perspectives on culture management as well as research into unintended consequences. After a discussion of the research design and methods employed, the results of the study are presented. These findings review and elucidate eight forms of management action during culture change programmes that resulted in unintended consequences, which had serious consequences for the organizations concerned. The article concludes with the discussion of implications and conclusions for theorists and practitioners.
Parental Involvement: The Missing Link in School Achievement

The value of parental participation is widely accepted, but participation is difficult to promote and maintain. Schools are becoming more diverse, and a great challenge facing educators is meeting the needs of all students. Closing the achievement gap and increasing student learning requires the collaboration of various interested groups, most notably parents. Families play an important role in creating a school that meets their child's needs, yet teachers admit they have little information or training on how to effectively work with diverse parents. In this article, numerous strategies for addressing barriers to school involvement and participation are presented. Methods for using families' cultures and experiences are also explored as a base for new learning and understanding.
Solution-Focused Therapy with Depressed Deaf Persons

Abstract In this study, we present encouraging preliminary results on the application of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) to a special population. In a multiple case design, solution-focused therapy was used to treat three profoundly prelocutive deaf persons suffering from depression. The level of depression was assessed using a carefully validated adaptation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II); the treatment was manualized, and treatment integrity was assessed throughout all the therapy sessions. In all three cases, the BDI scores improved significantly; clients moved out of the clinical range. Therapy was brief, ranging from four to eight sessions over a maximum of 4.5 months. Limitations of the study and future implications are also discussed.
Intra-articular hyaluronic acid and corticosteroids in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) in comparison to corticosteroids (CS) for knee osteoarthritis (OA). The data sources included PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and hand searched reviews. Randomized controlled trials that reported the effects of intra-articular HA and CS in the treatment of knee OA were selected based on specific inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was performed for the visual analog scale (VAS), Lequesne index, Knee Society Clinical Rating System (KSS), maximum flexion and adverse events of knee OA. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to avoid bias. The seven eligible trials included 583 participants and the majority of the trials were of high quality. After one month, the mean difference in the VAS was 1.66 [95% confidence interval (CI); −0.90, 4.23), indicating equal efficacy for HA and CS. However, after three months, the mean difference was −12.58 (95% CI; −17.76, −7.40), while after six months, the difference was −9.01 (95% CI; −12.62, −5.40), favoring HA. For the additional indicators, including the Lequesne index, the KSS, maximum flexion and adverse events, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two treatment approaches for knee OA. Therefore, the results of the meta-analysis highlight a therapeutic trajectory for intra-articular HA in knee OA pain, as compared with CS, over six months post-intervention. After one month, the two approaches exhibited equal efficacy; however, in the long term, HA was found to have an enhanced effect. No statistically significant difference was observed in the adverse events caused by the two interventions. Further investigation and understanding into the trend observed in the present study may aid clinicians in the treatment of knee OA.
Phase Transitions in a Relaxation Model of Mixed Type with Periodic Boundary Condition

We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions for a 2×2 relaxation model of mixed type with periodic initial and boundary conditions. We prove that the asymptotic behavior of the solutions and their phase transitions are dependent on the location of the initial data and the size of the viscosity. If the average of the initial data is in the hyperbolic region and the initial data does not deviate too much from its average,we prove that there exists a unique global solution and that it converges time-asymptotically to the average in the same hyperbolic region. No phase transition occurs after initial oscillations. If the average of the initial data is in the elliptic region and the initial data does not deviate too much from its average, and in addition if the viscosity is big, then the solution converges to the average in the same elliptic region, and does not exhibit phase transitions after initial oscillations. If, however, the viscosity is small, numerical evidence indicates that the solution oscillates across the hyperbolic and elliptic regions for all time, exhibiting phase transitions. In this case, we conjecture that the solution converges to an oscillatory standing wave (steady-state solution).