Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Analysis of Proviral Induction and De Novo Methylation: Implications for a Histone Deacetylase-Independent, Methylation Density-Dependent Mechanism of Transcriptional Repression

ABSTRACT Methylation of cytosines in the CpG dinucleotide is generally associated with transcriptional repression in mammalian cells, and recent findings implicate histone deacetylation in methylation-mediated repression. Analyses of histone acetylation in in vitro-methylated transfected plasmids support this model; however, little is known about the relationships among de novo DNA methylation, transcriptional repression, and histone acetylation state. To examine these relationships in vivo, we have developed a novel approach that permits the isolation and expansion of cells harboring expressing or silent retroviruses. MEL cells were infected with a Moloney murine leukemia virus encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP), and single-copy, silent proviral clones were treated weekly with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A or the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine. Expression was monitored concurrently by flow cytometry, allowing for repeated phenotypic analysis over time, and proviral methylation was determined by Southern blotting and bisulfite methylation mapping. Shortly after infection, proviral expression was inducible and the reporter gene and proviral enhancer showed a low density of methylation. Over time, the efficacy of drug induction diminished, coincident with the accumulation of methyl-CpGs across the provirus. Bisulfite analysis of cells in which 5-azacytidine treatment induced GFP expression revealed measurable but incomplete demethylation of the provirus. Repression could be overcome in late-passage clones only by pretreatment with 5-azacytidine followed by trichostatin A, suggesting that partial demethylation reestablishes the trichostatin-inducible state. These experiments reveal the presence of a silencing mechanism which acts on densely methylated DNA and appears to function independently of histone deacetylase activity.
Geometric Analysis and Manufacturing Considerations for Optimizing the Characteristics of a Twisted Pair

The geometry of a twisted pair largely determines its electrical characteristics. To improve and refine the value of these characteristics according to preset values, the optimization of the manufacturing processes requires comprehensive knowledge of twisted pair geometry and of how electrical magnitudes are affected by the construction features of the twisted pair. This paper studies the relation between the length of a twisted pair cable and the length of each of the wires that compose the cable, by analyzing concepts such as pitch angle and radius of the helix. In addition, it examines the deformations and irregularities that can occur in the twisted pair during the manufacturing process and their effects on the geometry of the twisted pair. Results showed in this paper are a part of a larger research project carried out in association with the R&D department of a cable manufacturing company, and these results are being applied into the design department of this company.
Testing efficiency in gambling markets

Two statistical tests are common for testing the efficiency market hypothesis (EMH) in gambling markets. One test is based on the idea that betting lines should be unbiased predictors of actual game outcomes. An alternative test is (in the absence of vigorish) whether there is a 0.5 probability of winning a bet. This article demonstrates that these two tests are not identical, and that the second test is a more useful test. Both test are applied to data from the 1988 NFL football season for both the Las Vegas betting line and the over-and-under line for pre-season, regular season and post-season games. The unbiased predictor test rejects the EMH for pre-season games. The 0.5 test is unable to reject the EMH for both betting lines and all sets of games.
An empirical analysis of the relationship between hedge ratio and hedging horizon using wavelet analysis

In this article, optimal hedge ratios are estimated for different hedging horizons for 23 different futures contracts using wavelet analysis. The wavelet analysis is chosen to avoid the sample reduction problem faced by the conventional methods when applied to non‐overlapping return series. Hedging performance comparisons between the wavelet hedge ratio and error‐correction (EC) hedge ratio indicate that the latter performs better for more contracts for shorter hedging horizons. However, the performance of the wavelet hedge ratio improves with the increase in the length of the hedging horizon. This is true for both within‐sample and out‐of‐sample cases. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:127–150, 2007
Pdx-1 Links Histone H3-Lys-4 Methylation to RNA Polymerase II Elongation during Activation of Insulin Transcription*

Expression of the insulin gene is nearly exclusive to the β cells of the pancreatic islets. Although the sequence-specific transcription factors that regulate insulin expression have been well studied, the interrelationship between these factors, chromatin structure, and transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II (pol II) has remained undefined. In this regard, recent studies have begun to establish a role for the methylation of histone H3 in the initiation or elongation of transcription by pol II. To determine a role for the transcriptional activator Pdx-1 in the maintenance of chromatin structure and pol II recruitment at the insulin gene, we performed small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Pdx-1 in βTC3 cells and subsequently studied histone modifications and pol II recruitment by chromatin immunoprecipitation. We demonstrated here that the 50% fall in insulin transcription following knockdown of Pdx-1 is accompanied by a 60% fall in dimethylated histone H3-Lys-4 at the insulin promoter. H3-Lys-4 methylation at the insulin promoter may be mediated, at least partially, by the methyltransferase Set9. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Set9 is expressed in an islet-enriched pattern in the pancreas, similar to the pattern of Pdx-1 expression. The recruitment of Set9 to the insulin gene appears to be a consequence of its direct interaction with Pdx-1, and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Set9 attenuates insulin transcription. Pdx-1 knockdown was also associated with an overall shift in the recruitment of pol II isoforms to the insulin gene, from an elongation isoform (Ser(P)-2) to an initiation isoform (Ser(P)-5). Our findings therefore suggest a model whereby Pdx-1 plays a novel role in linking H3-Lys-4 dimethylation and pol II elongation to insulin transcription.
Developing Benchmarks for Guiding CAO Performance

This article reviews a research study on developing performance benchmarks to guide Chief Administrative Officer performance in Nova Scotia. The study collected examples of excellent and substandard performance from 22 individuals who were CAOs, members of Council, or provincial advisors. The information was content analysed, revealing 13 competency areas, illustrating four types of competencies. A practical aspect of this study is the suggestion that the competencies might be arranged in a semicausal logic model (or Competency Scorecard, similar to the Balanced Scorecard) and that performance measures might include outcome and activity measures. The framework might guide researchers in calibrating the linkage between competencies and organisational performance measures.
Myelodysplastic Syndrome Developing Presacral Extramedullary Hematopoiesis with Atypical MRI Findings

A 64-year-old woman was diagnosed to have refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) including an increased number of sideroblasts in the bone marrow (BM). Computed tomography (CT) revealed a presacral mass which showed iso- or high-intensity signals according to T1-weighted and hypo-intensity signals on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT-guided biopsy revealed the presence of hematopoietic tissue with features that correlated with the BM findings. While the formation of extramedullary hematopoiesis in the presacral area is rare, it is important to differentiate it from other parasacral tumors even though such differentiation is often difficult. This patient demonstrated atypical MRI signals possibly due to an increase in the cellular iron content of the erythroid precursors.
Adaptive disorders of accommodation and vergence in binocular dysfunction

Disturbances of binocular vision are described clinically by the Duane‐White classification in terms of the magnitude of the accommodative‐convergence ratio (AC/A). Convergence excess and convergence insufficiency are assumed to result from high and low AC/A ratios respectively. It is assumed that the abnormal AC/A ratio is an independent variable that underlies abnormal phorias. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the AC/A ratio is inversely related to the adaptability of tonic accommodation (lens adaptation) and directly related to adaptability of tonic vergence (prism adaptation). We have tested whether clinical categories of convergence excess and convergence insufficiency are associated with insufficient and excessive adaptation of tonic accommodation and tonic vergence. Results demonstrate greater amplitude and duration of accommodative after‐effects (lens adaptation) in the convergence insufficiency than the convergence excess group. Vergence after‐effects (prism adaptation) had the reverse trend for the two groups. These results indicate that adaptive disorders of accommodation and vergence may underlie binocular disorders in symptomatic patients categorized as convergence excess and convergence insufficiency.
An Analysis of Relative Inflation Hedging Capacities of Prime Commercial Properties in Lagos

The major concern to any investor is the achievement of the desired return of investment as well as his return on investment. Real estate has an age long reputation of being perceived as a hedge against inflation, a fact for which various empirical studies undertaken in some other countries have produced varying results. In this line, the study was aimed at empirically establishing the inflation hedging properties (or otherwise) of commercial properties in prime locations of Lagos state. To achieve this, the Ordinary Least Square model as proposed by Fama and Schwert (1977) was used to regress real estate rates of returns against actual, expected and unexpected inflation rates. The results show that, for prime locations around Victoria Island and Ikoyi, commercial properties provide a perverse hedge against actual inflation, Whereas, commercial properties within Ikeja and environs have been seen to present a complete hedge against actual inflation.
An Area Efficient Regular Expression Matching Engine Using Partial Reconfiguration for Quick Pattern Updating

This paper proposes a method using partial reconfiguration to realize a compact regular expression matching engine, which can update a pattern quickly. In the proposed method, a set of partial circuits, each of which handles a different class of regular expressions, are provided in advance. When a regular expression pattern is given, a compact matching engine dedicated to the pattern is implemented on FPGA by combining the partial circuits according to the given pattern using partial reconfiguration. The method can update a pattern quickly, since it does not need re-design of a circuit. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces 60% circuit size compared with the previous method without increasing the pattern updating time significantly.
The implementation perspective : a guide for managing social service delivery programs

After the 'big' decisions are made in legislatures and executive offices, what is done by those who implement and operate social service programs will determine their success or failure. Yet, over and over again, the managers of public organization disregard or handle poorly the critical problems involved in starting and developing new programs or in modifying existing ones. This book presents a new decision-making rationale - the implementation perspective - as the basic guide to social service program management. The cardinal principle is that the central focus of policy must be at the point of service delivery. Here is where management must redirect its attention. The demand is to concentrate on the hard, dirty, time-consuming work of building the local delivery capacity needed to provide better social services and to implement new program decisions over time. The "Implementation Perspective" is a message for our times. Even those who would continue the nation's effort to meet its social obligations are finding that simply calling for big new programs and more spending is no longer satisfying. Moreover, Proposition 13, the balanced budget movement, inflation, and compelling demands for new funds in such areas as energy, now squeeze social programs. New directions may have to come, not from new funds, but from rethinking and redirection and, more to the point, the better management of existing programs.
Broadening Our Knowledge on Cluster Evolution

The study of regional clusters is a core research topic in economic geography (Markusen, 1996; Martin & Sunley, 2003; Maskell, 2001). Starting from research on industrial districts (Becattini, 2002), the focus has been on the factors that make clusters distinct from spatially dispersed economic activities (Porter, 1998). These studies described the prerequisites of clusters, how particular clusters function at a particular point in time, and how the institutional setting of one place leads to differences in the functioning of clusters at another place (Saxenian, 1994). Although clusters are regarded as important elements in economic development (Asheim et al., 2006; Martin & Sunley, 2003; Porter, 1998), the strong focus on the way clusters function is contrasted with a disregard for their evolutionary development: how clusters actually become clusters, how and why they decline, and how they shift into new fields and transform over time (Lorenzen, 2005). As a reaction to this gap, and inspired by recent developments in evolutionary economic geography, new life cycle approaches emerged (Staber & Sautter, 2011; Suire & Vicente, 2009; Ter Wal & Boschma, 2011). This strand connects the quantitative development of clusters with underlying qualitative changes and transformations (Bergman, 2008; Menzel & Fornahl, 2010). In doing so, this strand elaborates which dynamics, prerequisites and qualities are connected to the emergence, growth and decline of clusters and in doing so, finds out the patterns of cluster evolution. The literature mostly differs between the emergence, growth or expansion, decline or transformation of the cluster (Bergman, 2008; Enright, 2003). It has elaborated three different dynamics that drive the cluster through different states of their developments: actors, networks and institutions (Maskell & Malmberg, 2007; Menzel & Fornahl, 2010; Ter Wal & Boschma, 2011). Yet, empirical evidence on these factors from a life European Planning Studies, 2015 Vol. 23, No. 10, 1921–1931, http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/09654313.2015. 1016654
A Multi-Agent Based Web Mining Model

A multi-agent based Web mining model is designed for the improvement of the efficiency of keywords based search engine. The model divides mining task into several parallel agents which coordinately work together, and the mining efficiency is improved greatly. Evolving from HITS, algorithm named Grabber in the model removes Link Farm pages in the expansion of root set, makes anchor text similarity calculation when crawling link page, and chooses pages by a brief conceptual analysis of page content. With the overcoming of the shortcomings of only text analysis or link analysis, Grabber enhances the search engine in understanding the user interest and crawling more Web pages to meet the needs of the users.
EVOLUTION OF INFLATION-UNEMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ROMANIA’S ACCESSION TO EU

The author uses two models derived from the general model of stagflation in order to analyze long term trends of inflation-unemployment relationship. The first model assumes a simple linear correlation between unemployment and the growth rate of GDP, while inflation is a parabolic function of GDP. The second model extends the first one by reformulating the unemployment as depending in a quadratic way on production. Based on the second model, the author has also identified that transition passed through five distinct phases.
The Effect of Maternal Employment on Youth Overweight in Australia

Using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, this article seeks to estimate the causal effect of maternal labour supply on the body mass index and overweight status of older children in Australia. To achieve this aim, proxy variables, instrumental variables and sibling-difference models are used to account for the potential endogeneity of maternal employment. The results show that part-time or full-time work by the mother is associated with decreased excess body weight in youths, relative to not working at all. Further analysis reveals that this relationship does not operate through increased earned income.
Moderation of Assessment in Transnational Higher Education

This paper fills a gap in literature on TNE practices by reporting the preliminary findings from a research study on moderation of assessment inTNE involving Australian universities and their offshore partner institutions. The research project, funded by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council (AL TC) investigates processes that ensure fair and equitable assessment both before it is administered and after it has been completed, viewing moderation as a quality assurance and quality control measure. Overall, our research aims to collate moderation-related information, develop a transnational community of practice through the research framework and create a critically negotiated framework of inclusive practice for moderation of assessment in TNE settings resulting in an online, downloadable toolkit available to universities.
Identification of a Karyopherin β1/β2 Proline-Tyrosine Nuclear Localization Signal in Huntingtin Protein*

Background: Huntingtin is a large nuclear protein with no previously identified nuclear localization signal. Results: Huntingtin has a PY-NLS that is recognized by karyopherin β1 and β2. Conclusion: The huntingtin NLS has pathway redundancy and has a unique intervening sequence. Significance: This work provides insight into the mechanism and regulation of huntingtin nuclear entry. Among the known pathways of protein nuclear import, the karyopherin β2/transportin pathway is only the second to have a defined nuclear localization signal (NLS) consensus. Huntingtin, a 350-kDa protein, has defined roles in the nucleus, as well as a CRM1/exportin-dependent nuclear export signal; however, the NLS and exact pathway of import have remained elusive. Here, using a live cell assay and affinity chromatography, we show that huntingtin has a karyopherin β2-dependent proline-tyrosine (PY)-NLS in the amino terminus of the protein. This NLS comprises three consensus components: a basic charged sequence, a downstream conserved arginine, and a PY sequence. Unlike the classic PY-NLS, which has an unstructured intervening sequence between the consensus components, we show that a β sheet structured region separating the consensus elements is critical for huntingtin NLS function. The huntingtin PY-NLS is also capable of import through the importin/karyopherin β1 pathway but was not functional in all cell types tested. We propose that this huntingtin PY-NLS may comprise a new class of multiple import factor-dependent NLSs with an internal structural component that may regulate NLS activity.
Ring Resonator Optical Gyroscopes—Parameter Optimization and Robustness Analysis

Semiconductor ring resonators as the core components of instruments and devices have found applications in the areas of telecommunications and sensors. In this study, the feasibility of using ring resonators as solid-state angular rate sensors (gyroscopes) based on the Sagnac effect is assessed, and an extensive analysis of the optimal values of resonator length, coupling, and detuning is carried out, for the drop port of a double-bus ring, and for an all-pass, single-bus ring, for different values of propagation losses, consistent with different available technologies. We show that for both the all-pass and the drop-port configurations, optimally undercoupled rings show larger extinction ratios and, thus, better resolutions than critically coupled rings of the same length, contrary to our initial intuitive assumption that critically coupled rings should offer the best resolutions. Our analysis also shows that the ring resonator gyroscopes require a technology-constrained optimization, with the propagation loss as the main factor that hinders the resolution, and that determines the optimum values of all other parameters, namely length, coupling, and resonance detuning. According to our model, standard-chip-sized racetrack gyroscopes are suitable for rate- and tactical-grade applications for selected, currently feasible low propagation loss waveguides.
Early 20th century untrained nursing staff in the Rockhampton district: a necessary evil?

AIM This paper explores the role of untrained nursing staff within the nursing services of the Rockhampton region, Queensland, Australia, throughout the early 20th century. It details who these nurses were, where they worked and how their work was affected by factors such as legislation and social changes. BACKGROUND Despite the increasing prevalence of trained nurses from the late 19th century, nurses who had never undergone any formal training continued to gain work in hospitals, institutions and their local communities. METHOD This paper is an historical analysis of a wide range of primary source material relating to untrained nursing staff. The primary source material used related specifically to a limited geographical region in Australia. FINDINGS Untrained nursing staff primarily worked as private duty nurses at the beginning of the 20th century. However, as the century progressed, their opportunities to work as untrained nursing staff tended towards institutions dealing with the chronically ill and the aged. As a result of this transition, their profile altered from that of a married/widowed woman living at home with dependents to one who could live on-site at the institution with no dependents. Furthermore, the level of autonomy of the untrained nurse decreased dramatically throughout this period from being relatively independent to being under the control of a trained nurse within the institution. CONCLUSION Consideration of the historical evolution of untrained nursing staff challenges some of the assumptions made about this category of nurse, assumptions that can affect current relationships between professional nurses and others who undertake nursing work.