Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinematic adaptations in sprint acceleration performances without and with the constraint of holding a field hockey stick

The aim of this study was to investigate the technique adaptations made when performing sprint-based tasks without (free condition) and with (constrained condition) the constraints of carrying a field hockey stick. Three free and three constrained maximal sprint accelerations were performed by 18 experienced university male field hockey players (age = 20 ± 1 years, body mass = 73.3 ± 7.1 kg, and stature = 1.78 ± 0.05 m). An automatic motion analysis system tracked sagittal plane active marker locations (200 Hz). M sprint velocity during the 18–22 m (free: 8.03 ± 0.43 m/s; constrained: 7.93 ± 0.36 m/s) interval was significantly (p = 0.03) different between free and constrained conditions. While the M stride length and stride frequency was similar between free and constrained conditions in the 2–13 m capture volume, the free condition elicited a 0.10 m/s faster (p = 0.03) stride velocity. Further significant differences were found between free and constrained kinematic profiles (p ≤ 0.05) for the hip angular velocity at touchdown during the 2–12 m interval of the sprints and in the overall sprint technique coordination between free and constrained conditions. Performance and technique adaptations indicated that sprint-training protocols for field sports should integrate specific equipment constraints to ensure explicit replication of the mechanical demands of the skills underpinning superior performance.
The interregional migration of human capital and its regional consequences: a review

ABSTRACT The interregional migration of human capital and its regional consequences: a review. Regional Studies. This paper reviews the literature on high human capital interregional migration with particular attention paid to the consequences of inflows and outflows on local economies. While other reviews focusing on the determinants of high-skilled interregional migration flows exist, this is the first attempt to organize and examine the extensive literature on the consequences of such flows on the economies of both receiving and sending regions as well as on the overall system. It is found that the majority of existing contributions focus on economic consequences for destination regions and highlight the strong need for future research that explores impacts on origin regions. In the critical assessment of the state-of-the-art, it is observed that lack of availability of suitable data on migration and migrant characteristics hinders the advancement of high-skilled migration research. The review also stresses the necessity of incorporating innovation, skill composition and gender in future analyses of impacts of high-skilled migration. It concludes with suggestions for novel avenues that researchers can exploit when pursuing future research on the consequences of high human capital interregional migration.
Co-culture of oligodendrocytes and neurons can be used to assess drugs for axon regeneration in the central nervous system

We present a novel in vitro model in which to investigate the efficacy of experimental drugs for the promotion of axon regeneration in the central nervous system. We co-cultured rat hippocampal neurons and cerebral cortical oligodendrocytes, and tested the co-culture system using a Nogo-66 receptor antagonist peptide (NEP1-40), which promotes axonal growth. Primary cultured oligodendrocytes suppressed axonal growth in the rat hippocampus, but NEP1-40 stimulated axonal growth in the co-culture system. Our results confirm the validity of the neuron-oligodendrocyte co-culture system as an assay for the evaluation of drugs for axon regeneration in the central nervous system.
Disaggregate Energy Consumption and Sectoral Output in Nigeria

This study examined the nexus between components of aggregate energy consumption and sectoral output in Nigeria for the period spanning 1980 to 2014. Sequel to the unit root and co-integration estimates, the study utilized the Vector Auto-regressive (VAR) and Vector Error Correction (VEC) techniques. Thus, the study observed that the direction of causation between components of energy consumption and output of individual sectors differed. The study recommended that energy policies should be sector specific, taking into cognizance the components of energy consumption influencing the output of individual sectors.
Reduction of detent force in permanent magnet linear synchronous motor with double secondary side

In view of that detent force (DF) has great influence on thrust force ripple of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM), magnet-shifting method is introduced to suppress DF and its spatial harmonic. A double-sided PMLSM model is chosen as the object of research, finite element method (FEM) is adopted to build PMLSM model and Fourier transform (FT) is used to achieve its harmonic spectrum. The cases of DF are analyzed and total harmonic distortion (THD) is proposed to quantify spatial harmonic. The effects of different shift distance upon DF amplitude and spatial harmonic are analyzed in sequence, and then the optimal shift distance based on minimum ratio between DF amplitude and average thrust force is found. Results show that magnets-staggered technique can weaken DF amplitude drastically and improve DF spatial harmonic. The research provides an effective method for double secondary PMSLM detent force suppression.
A Computational Bayesian Method for Generalized Semiparametric Regression Models

To better understand the power shift and the U.S. role compared to China and others regional actors, the Chicago Council on Global Affairs and the East Asia Institute (EAI) surveyed people in six countries - China, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Indonesian, and the United States - in the first half of 2008 about regional security and economic integration in Asia and about how these nations perceive each other (Bouton et al., 2010). There exists latent variance that cannot be adequately explained by parametric models. This is, in large part, due to the hidden structures and latent stories that from in unexpected ways. Therefore, a new Gibbs sampler is developed here in order to reveal preciously unseen structures and latent variances found in the survey dataset of Bouton et al. This new sampler is based upon the semiparametric regression, a well-known tool frequently utilized in order to capture the functional dependence between variables with fixed effect parametric and nonlinear regression. This is then extended to a generalized semiparametric regression for binary responses with logit and probit link function. The new sampler is then developed for the generalized linear mixed model with a nonparametric random effect. It is expressed as nonparametric regression with the multinomial-Dirichlet distribution for the number and positions of knots.
China’s ”New Normal”: An Interpretation from Institutional and Marxian Views

ABSTRACT China is approaching towards a new phase of economic development which is frequently termed as the “new normal”. The paper aims to interpret China’s “new normal” from the New Institutional Economics and Marxian viewpoints. The former school is primarily concerned with the “supply-side” driver of increasing economic output and efficiency. It advocates for free and open markets for ideas to sustain China’s economic growth or advance itself into a global centre of technological innovation or scientific discovery. The Marxian view, on the other hand, shares the concern of “demand-side” driver of increasing economic output. Also, it calls for the shift from consumption-led to investment-led strategy while maintaining an egalitarian pattern of income distribution for successful transition. The paper argues that China is gradually advancing its capacity for innovation facilitated by in-house and foreign investments. However, the growing income inequality may pose a threat to its soft landing.
The oncogenic potential of Pax genes.

Our results demonstrate that murine paired domain‐containing genes (Pax) can promote oncogenesis in tissue culture cells and in mice, and should thus be classified as a novel group of proto‐oncogenes. The induction of tumor formation in mice was dependent on a functional paired domain, but did not require the presence of a homeodomain. Consequently, not only the Pax‐3 and Pax‐6 proteins, which in addition to paired domains contain intact homeodomains, but also Pax‐2 and Pax‐8, containing only residual homeodomains, and Pax‐1, completely lacking a homeodomain, were able to induce transformation of cell cultures and tumor formation in mice. The oncogenic potential of the Pax proteins is dependent on the DNA binding function of the paired motif, as the Un‐Pax‐1 protein, which carries a point mutation in this domain that impairs DNA binding, is also defective in tumor formation. Therefore, the Pax gene products are not only involved in controlling embryogenesis, but they can, if deregulated, also induce tumorigenesis.
Macroprudential Measures and Irish Mortgage Lending: Insights from H1 2017

This Economic Letter provides an overview of residential mortgage lending in Ireland in H1 2017 for the five credit institutions reporting loan-level data to the Central Bank of Ireland as part of their compliance with loan-to-value (LTV) and loan-to-income (LTI) macroprudential Regulations. H1 2017 represented the first half year of lending that incorporated the changes announced following the 2016 Review of the Regulations. In total, 14,997 loans were originated totaling €3.05 billion, an increase of 33 (22) per cent on the corresponding value (volume) of lending in H1 2016. Average LTV and LTI ratios rose slightly over the period for both First Time Buyers (FTBs) and Second and Subsequent Buyers (SSBs). Only a limited number (30 loans in total) of FTBs had an allowance to exceed the FTB LTV limit of 90 per cent LTV in H1 2017. In contrast, 20 per cent of the aggregate value of SSB lending in H1 2017 exceeded the 80 per cent LTV limit for that group. Regarding the LTI ratio, 18 per cent of the aggregate lending to both FTBs and SSBs exceeded the limit of 3.5, which represents an increase on the 12 per cent figure recorded in H1 2016. The characteristics of loans and borrowers with LTI allowances in H1 2017 were similar to those observed in H1 2016. Notably, FTBs accounted for the largest share of LTI allowances in H1 2017. On average borrowers with an LTI allowance had a lower income and were younger than borrowers without an LTI allowance. There was also a higher proportion of single borrowers in the ‘with allowance’ group.
Experimental models of hepatic encephalopathy: ISHEN guidelines

Objectives of the International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism Commission were to identify well‐characterized animal models of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and to highlight areas of animal modelling of the disorder that are in need of development. Features essential to HE modelling were identified. The best‐characterized animal models of HE in acute liver failure, the so‐called Type A HE, were found to be the hepatic devascularized rat and the rat with thioacetamide‐induced toxic liver injury. In case of chronic liver failure, surgical models in the rat involving end‐to‐side portacaval anastomosis or bile duct ligation were considered to best model minimal/mild (Type B) HE. Unfortunately, at this time, there are no satisfactory animal models of Type C HE resulting from end‐stage alcoholic liver disease or viral hepatitis, the most common aetiologies encountered in patients. The commission highlighted the urgent need for such models and of improved models of HE in chronic liver failure in general as well as a need for models of post‐transplant neuropsychiatric disorders. Studies of HE pathophysiology at the cellular and molecular level continue to benefit from in vitro and or ex vivo models involving brain slices or exposure of cultured cells (principally cultured astrocytes) to toxins such as ammonia, manganese and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. More attention could be paid in the future to in vitro models involving the neurovascular unit, microglia and neuronal co‐cultures in relation to HE pathogenesis.
Measuring Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Social Context

Objective : The objective of this paper is to identify differences between measurement of organisational entrepreneurship in for-profit and non-profit context and to propose the measures aligned to non-profit organisations. The main research question is whether the scales designed to measure entrepreneurial orientation can be used in non-profit organisations and under which conditions. Research, Design & Methods : Research methodology is based on review of research tools and measurement scales related to organisational entrepreneurship and comparison of for-profit and non-profit organisations, as well as their characteristics in the context of entrepreneurial orientation. Findings: Entrepreneurial orientation can be measured in non-profit organisations using existing scales that have been designed for business organisations, however they have to be modified, mostly in the dimension of competitive aggressiveness and autonomy. Additionally, the scale should be enriched with items related to cooperation with other organisations. Implications & Recommendations: It is necessary to develop methods and tools that enable the measurement of entrepreneurial orientation in non-profit organisation as well as comparative research on entrepreneurial orientation in for-profit and non-profit organisations. Contribution & Value Added: The originality of this work lies in studying some aspects of entrepreneurial orientation, that apply to the social context. Some suggestions were formulated relating to the utilisation of entrepreneurial orientation scales (originally designed for business enterprises) in non-profit organisations.
Photoelectric characterization of thin vacuum deposited diphenyl-diketo-pyrrolopyrroles films

The modern organic semiconductor devices are designed and fabricated as multilayer structures with stacked organic/inorganic thin films. There are strong requirements to the properties of the particular films comprising such structure, e. g. film homogeneity, thickness uniformity and roughness. Physical Vacuum Deposition (PVD) technique fulfils all of these requirements and even has the capability to produce the whole multilayer structure in the same vacuum cycle. Diphenyl-diketo-pyrrolopyrroles (DPP) are low molecular weight materials with promising luminescence and photoelectrical properties. Current paper deals with PVD of thin DPP films and investigation of their photoelectric properties. The organic films and inorganic electrodes of the multilayer structures were prepared in the same vacuum cycle, and then the samples were encapsulated in a glove box without exposure to oxygen. ITO|DPP|Al structures of about 150 nm thicknesses were prepared. The surface morphology of the films was studied by SEM imaging. Photoelectric characterization consisted of spectral sweep of the generated photocurrent, I-V characteristics in dark and under illumination and intensity sweep of the photocurrent for a given wavelength. Photoelectrical properties were successfully demonstrated and directions toward performance improvements have been given.
Specific Inactivation and Nuclear Anchoring of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 2 by the Inducible Dual-Specificity Protein Phosphatase DUSP5

ABSTRACT The mechanisms which determine the nuclear accumulation and inactivation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) or ERK2 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that DUSP5, an inducible nuclear phosphatase, interacts specifically with ERK2 via a kinase interaction motif (KIM) within its amino-terminal noncatalytic domain. This binding determines the substrate specificity of DUSP5 in vivo, as it inactivates ERK2 but not Jun N-terminal protein kinase or p38 MAP kinase. Using green fluorescent protein fusions, we identify within this same domain of DUSP5 a functional nuclear localization signal (NLS) which functions independently of the KIM. Moreover, we demonstrate that the expression of DUSP5 causes both nuclear translocation and sequestration of inactive ERK2. Nuclear anchoring is ERK2 specific and requires both interactions between the DUSP5 KIM and the common docking site of ERK2 and a functional NLS within DUSP5. Finally, the expression of a catalytically inactive mutant of DUSP5 also tethers ERK2 within the nucleus. Furthermore, this nuclear ERK2 is phosphorylated by MAP kinase kinase in response to growth factors and also activates transcription factor Elk-1. We conclude that DUSP5 is an inducible nuclear ERK-specific MAP kinase phosphatase that functions as both an inactivator of and a nuclear anchor for ERK2 in mammalian cells. In addition, our data indicate that the cytoplasm may not be an exclusive site of MAP kinase activation.
Why I Trust My Father? : In the Eyes of Malaysian Adolescents

This study aims to investigate how much both son and daughter trust their father and what are the underlying reasons they trust their father. The results revealed five main reasons why Malaysian adolescents trust their father. Those reasons are related to the role of father, father-child relationship, father’s characteristics, father’s nurturing nature and father’s attitude and behavior. A total of 1022 students (males = 241, females = 781) from one of public university in Sabah, Malaysia participated in the study. The participants completed open-ended questionnaires developed by Kim (2008), asking how much the adolescents trust their father, and the reasons why they trust their father. The data was analysed by using the indigenous psychology method proposed by [1] Findings of this study revealed the pattern of trust towards father for both Malaysian male and female adolescents. The results contributed new information about Malaysian adolescents’ trust towards their father form the indigenous context. The implications of finding will be discussed.
Oesophagectomy is a safe option for early adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett's oesophagus

Over the last decade, there has been a shift towards endoscopic treatment of high‐grade dysplasia (HGD) and T1 stage adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett's oesophagus. Although short‐term outcomes are promising, longer‐term outcomes remain uncertain and the role of these therapies versus surgery is debated, with surgical mortality rates assumed. However, few studies have specifically determined the outcome for oesophagectomy in the subgroup with HGD or T1 adenocarcinoma. To determine this, we evaluated experience with oesophagectomy for HGD and T1 adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus.
Prediction of silicon content in hot metal based on RS-LSSVM model

A model for prediction of silicon content in hot metal is proposed based on two integrated algorithms: attribute reduction algorithm of rough sets (RS) and least square support vector machine (LSSVM). Rough sets theory is used to construct decision table, discrete attributes, rank the importance of attributes and reduce attributes based on weighting-coefficient cumulative estimation. The key factors are extracted as the input variables of LSSVM. The method can reduce the dimensions of the data and the complexity, and improve the efficiency of training and the accuracy of prediction. The data of the model are collected from No.6 Blast Furnace in Baotou Iron and Steel Group Co. of China. The results show that the LSSVM model based on RS attribute reduction has better prediction results than the model using other variables. The hit rate of silicon content in hot metal reaches 90% at the range of ± 0.1 % based on the proposed model, which can meet the requirement of practical production.
Evaluating Health Outcomes in the Presence of Competing Risks: A Review of Statistical Methods and Clinical Applications

Background:An evaluation of the effect of a healthcare intervention (or an exposure) must consider multiple possible outcomes, including the primary outcome of interest and other outcomes such as adverse events or mortality. The determination of the likelihood of benefit from an intervention, in the presence of other competing outcomes, is a competing risks problem. Although statistical methods exist for quantifying the probability of benefit from an intervention while accounting for competing events, these methods have not been widely adopted by clinical researchers. Objectives:(1) To demonstrate the importance of considering competing risks in the evaluation of treatment effectiveness, and (2) to review appropriate statistical methods, and recommend how they might be applied. Research Design and Methods:We reviewed 3 statistical approaches for analyzing the competing risks problem: (a) cause-specific hazard (CSH), (b) cumulative incidence function (CIF), and (c) event-free survival (EFS). We compare these methods using a simulation study and a reanalysis of a randomized clinical trial. Results:Simulation studies evaluating the statistical power to detect the effect of intervention under different scenarios showed that: (1) CSH approach is best for detecting the effect of an intervention if the intervention only affects either the primary outcome or the competing event; (2) EFS approach is best only when the intervention affects both primary and competing events in the same manner; and (3) CIF approach is best when the intervention affects both primary and competing events, but in opposite directions. Using data from a randomized controlled trial, we demonstrated that a comprehensive approach using all 3 approaches provided useful insights on the effect of an intervention on the relative and absolute risks of multiple competing outcomes. Conclusions:CSH is the fundamental measure of outcome in competing risks problems. It is appropriate for evaluating treatment effects in the presence of competing events. Results of CSH analysis for primary and competing outcomes should always be reported even when EFS or CIF approaches are called for. EFS is appropriate for evaluating the composite effect of an intervention, only when combining different endpoints is clinically and biologically meaningful, and the treatment has similar effects on all event types. CIF is useful for evaluating the likelihood of benefit from an intervention over a meaningful period. CIF should be used for absolute risk calculations instead of the widely used complement of the Kaplan-Meier (1 − KM) estimator.