Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Land-Plant-Specific Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase Family in Arabidopsis: Substrate Specificity, sn-2 Preference, and Evolution1[W][OA]

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has eight glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) genes that are members of a plant-specific family with three distinct clades. Several of these GPATs are required for the synthesis of cutin or suberin. Unlike GPATs with sn-1 regiospecificity involved in membrane or storage lipid synthesis, GPAT4 and -6 are unique bifunctional enzymes with both sn-2 acyltransferase and phosphatase activity resulting in 2-monoacylglycerol products. We present enzymology, pathway organization, and evolutionary analysis of this GPAT family. Within the cutin-associated clade, GPAT8 is demonstrated as a bifunctional sn-2 acyltransferase/phosphatase. GPAT4, -6, and -8 strongly prefer C16:0 and C18:1 ω-oxidized acyl-coenzyme As (CoAs) over unmodified or longer acyl chain substrates. In contrast, suberin-associated GPAT5 can accommodate a broad chain length range of ω-oxidized and unsubstituted acyl-CoAs. These substrate specificities (1) strongly support polyester biosynthetic pathways in which acyl transfer to glycerol occurs after oxidation of the acyl group, (2) implicate GPAT specificities as one major determinant of cutin and suberin composition, and (3) argue against a role of sn-2-GPATs (Enzyme Commission 2.3.1.198) in membrane/storage lipid synthesis. Evidence is presented that GPAT7 is induced by wounding, produces suberin-like monomers when overexpressed, and likely functions in suberin biosynthesis. Within the third clade, we demonstrate that GPAT1 possesses sn-2 acyltransferase but not phosphatase activity and can utilize dicarboxylic acyl-CoA substrates. Thus, sn-2 acyltransferase activity extends to all subbranches of the Arabidopsis GPAT family. Phylogenetic analyses of this family indicate that GPAT4/6/8 arose early in land-plant evolution (bryophytes), whereas the phosphatase-minus GPAT1 to -3 and GPAT5/7 clades diverged later with the appearance of tracheophytes.
Effects of Carotid Body Maturation and Terbutaline on the Laryngeal Chemoreflex in Newborn Lambs

ABSTRACT. The response to laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR) water stimulation was compared in unanesthetized awake 4- to 10-day-old preterm and 2- to 4-wk-old term lambs before and after infusion of a β-adrenergic agonist, terbutaline, given pre- and postcarotid body denervation (CBD). Ventilation decreased more in response to LCR stimulation post-CBD in the older lambs. CBD did not change the respiratory response to LCR stimulation in the younger lambs. LCR stimulation resulted in less bradycardia post-CBD in both groups. Terbutaline significantly attenuated the LCR response in the older lambs pre-CBD but not post-CBD. LCR respiratory response was not changed in the younger lambs when terbutaline was infused, pre- or post-CBD. Compared to wakefulness, the LCR response in preterm lambs was greater in sleep not associated with arousal. If arousal occurred, LCR response during sleep did not differ from that during wakefulness. The incidence of arousal decreased markedly after CBD, suggesting that arousal is modified by the carotid bodies. It is concluded that the carotid bodies modify the reflex response to LCR stimulation in 2- to 4-wk-old lambs. During the 1st postnatal wk, preterm Iambs have a reduced carotid body function during wakefulness and, therefore, a decreased hypoxic ventilatory response and increased respiratory response to LCR stimulation. The attenuating effect of terbutaline on LCR response is partially related to mature carotid body function.
Spatial division multiplexing in the short and medium range: From the datacenter to the fronthaul

This paper reports the experimental performance of spatial division multiplexing (SDM) optical transmission systems. These SDM systems are intended to support key short- and medium-range low-latency applications as optical fronthaul in cellular networks, point-to-point optical backhaul and baseband optical links in datacentre applications. In particular, the experimental demonstration of optical fronthaul of 3GPP LTE-A wireless supporting up to 4×4 MIMO on a 4-core multicore fibre (MCF) is reported. The results indicate that successful multiple-antenna transmission is achieved at 150 m MCF range. SDM implementation in SSMF by modal multiplexing is a complementary approach to MCF and is also experimentally investigated. The key limiting factor in this case is the optical mode conversion stage. An efficient mode-conversion coupler is proposed and evaluated for 850 nm and 1550 nm operation. For 1550 nm, a coupler has been fabricated in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. Few-mode transmission performance is analysed considering the propagation of two LP mode groups. The experimental results indicate that the SDM system is suitable for short-range datacentre applications operating at 850 nm where integration capability is of great importance, and medium-range point-to-point optical backhaul links operating at 1550 nm can also benefit from the proposed device architecture.
Functional Properties of CaV1.3 (α1D) L-type Ca2+ Channel Splice Variants Expressed by Rat Brain and Neuroendocrine GH3 Cells*

Ca2+ enters pituitary and pancreatic neuroendocrine cells through dihydropyridine-sensitive channels triggering hormone release. Inhibitory metabotropic receptors reduce Ca2+ entry through activation of pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins leading to activation of K+channels and voltage-sensitive inhibition of L-type channel activity. Despite the cloning and functional expression of several Ca2+ channels, those involved in regulating hormone release remain unknown. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction we identified mRNAs encoding three α1(α1A, α1C, and α1D), four β, and one α2-δ subunit in rat pituitary GH3 cells; α1B and α1Stranscripts were absent. GH3 cells express multiple alternatively spliced α1D mRNAs. Many of the α1D transcript variants encode “short” α1D (α1D-S) subunits, which have a QXXER amino acid sequence at their C termini, a motif found in all other α1 subunits that couple to opioid receptors. The other splice variants identified terminate with a longer C terminus that lacks the QXXER motif (α1D-L). We cloned and expressed the predominant α1D-S transcript variants in rat brain and GH3 cells and their αlD-L counterpart in GH3 cells. Unlike α1A channels, α1D channels exhibited current-voltage relationships similar to those of native GH3 cell Ca2+channels, but lacked voltage-dependent G protein coupling. Our data demonstrate that alternatively spliced α1Dtranscripts form functional Ca2+ channels that exhibit voltage-dependent, G protein-independent facilitation. Furthermore, the QXXER motif, located on the C terminus of α1D-S subunit, is not sufficient to confer sensitivity to inhibitory G proteins.
Transient stability analysis and enhancement of a complex multi-machine system using controllers

The objective of this paper is to analyze Southern Regional Grid of India(SRGI). The main focus is to stabilize SRGI from the worst possible fault scenario, for which a comprehensive study of SRGI is done with the help of PSAT. The power system is reviewed with main focus on stability and power system modeling. The main concern is to maintain integrity of the system during disturbance so that whole system remains intact with all the parameters bounded within limits. Transient stability of the system is thus thoroughly studied and appropriate measures are suggested during occurrence of any disturbance. Primary contributions of this work include transient state analysis of the system for evaluation of the effects of limitations on system stability, analysis of worst case scenario, and provision of appropriate measures to avert such a scenario, with the help of advanced controllers such as TCSC(Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator), AVR(Automatic Voltage Regulator).
Downregulation of dual‐specificity tyrosine‐regulated kinase 2 promotes tumor cell proliferation and invasion by enhancing cyclin‐dependent kinase 14 expression in breast cancer

Tumor progression is the main cause of death in patients with breast cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that dual‐specificity tyrosine‐regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating cell survival, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. However, little is known about the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by DYRK2 in cancer progression, particularly with respect to cancer proliferation and invasion. Here, using a comprehensive expression profiling approach, we show that cyclin‐dependent kinase 14 (CDK14) is a target of DYRK2. We found that reduced DYRK2 expression increases CDK14 expression, which promotes cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, in addition to tumorigenicity in vivo. CDK14 and DYRK2 expression inversely correlated in human breast cancer tissues. We further identified androgen receptor (AR) as a candidate of DYRK2‐dependent transcription factors regulating CDK14. Taken together, our findings suggest a mechanism by which DYRK2 controls CDK14 expression to regulate tumor cell proliferation and invasion in breast cancer. Targeting of this pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating breast cancer.
Muscle activity during the golf swing

In the right hands, the golf swing is a motion that inspires looks of awe from the public. It is a complex movement of the whole body to generate power to a golf ball to propel the ball great distances with accuracy. This movement relies on the coordinated sequence of muscle activation to produce a fluid and reproducible movement. This paper reviews the literature on golf swing related muscle activity. The phases of this activity are discussed with a view to assisting the practitioner in understanding the swing. Such understanding may help in the management of the injured golfer.
Early Bispectral Index and Sedation Requirements During Therapeutic Hypothermia Predict Neurologic Recovery Following Cardiac Arrest*

Objectives:To test the hypothesis that low bispectral index scores and low sedative requirements during therapeutic hypothermia predict poor neurologic outcome. Design:Observational study of a prospectively collected cohort. Setting:Cardiovascular ICU. Patients:One hundred sixty consecutive cardiac arrest patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Interventions:None. Measurements and Results:Eighty-four of the 141 subjects (60%) who survived hypothermia induction were discharged from the ICU with poor neurologic outcome, defined as a cerebral performance category score of 3, 4, or 5. These subjects had lower bispectral index (p < 0.001) and sedative requirements (p < 0.001) during hypothermia compared with the 57 subjects discharged with good outcome. Early prediction of neurologic recovery was best 7 hours after ICU admission, and median bispectral index scores at that time were 31 points lower in subjects discharged with poor outcome (11 [interquartile range, 4–29] vs 42 [37–49], p < 0.001). Median sedation requirements decreased by 17% (interquartile range, –50 to 0%) 7 hours after ICU admission in subjects with poor outcome but increased by 50% (interquartile range, 0–142%) in subjects with good outcome (p < 0.001). Each 10-point decrease in bispectral index was independently associated with a 59% increase in the odds of poor outcome (95% CI, 32–76%; p < 0.001). The model including bispectral index and sedative requirement correctly reclassified 15% of subjects from good to poor outcome and 1% of subjects from poor to good outcome. The model incorrectly reclassified 1% of subjects from poor to good outcome but did not incorrectly reclassify any from good to poor outcome. Conclusions:Bispectral index scores and sedative requirements early in the course of therapeutic hypothermia improve the identification of patients who will not recover from brain anoxia. The ability to accurately predict nonrecovery after cardiac arrest could facilitate discussions with families, reduce patient suffering, and limit use of ICU resources in futile cases.
Analysis of spatial cross‐correlations in multi‐constituent volume data

We investigate spatial cross‐correlations between two constituents, both belonging to the same microstructure. These investigations are based on two approaches: one via the measurement of the cross‐correlation function and the other uses the spatial distances between the constituents. The cross‐correlation function can be measured using the fast Fourier transform, whereas the distances are determined via the Euclidean distance transform. The characteristics are derived from volume images obtained by synchrotron microtomography. As an example we consider pore formation in metallic foams, knowledge of which is important to control the foam production process. For this example, we discuss the spatial cross‐correlation between the pore space and the blowing agent particles in detail.
Voting-based ensemble method for prediction of bioactive molecules

Machine learning has its tentacles spread over all major areas of science. The current rise in the amount of data being generated as necessitated its adoption in virtually all aspects including chemoinformatics. Several machine learning methods have been applied to the drug discovery process due to the importance of prediction of bioactivity before the release of drug into the market. The need for the most accurate method is hence evident. Majority voting ensemble is a method whose application is rare in predicting bioactive molecules. This study applies the method using different combination of commonly used classifiers as the base classifier on a chemical dataset of 8294 instances and 1024 attributes retrieved from the MDL Drug Data Report (MDDR). The accuracy of majority voting with the best combination of classifiers is found to be higher than the accuracy of the commonly used classifiers in the field, and makes it suitable for large chemical datasets.
The Neutral Sphingomyelinase Pathway Regulates Packaging of the Prion Protein into Exosomes*

Background: Exosomes are a novel mechanism of intercellular transmission of infectious prions. Results: Chemical and RNAi inhibition of the neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) pathway impairs exosome formation and prion packaging. Conclusion: The nSMase pathway regulates exosome formation and packaging of infectious prions. Significance: This reveals a novel role for the nSMase pathway in exosomal prion packaging and identifies a direct pathway, which mediates prion transmission. Prion diseases are a group of transmissible, fatal neurodegenerative disorders associated with the misfolding of the host-encoded prion protein, PrPC, into a disease-associated form, PrPSc. The transmissible prion agent is principally formed of PrPSc itself and is associated with extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. Exosomes are released from cells both in vitro and in vivo, and have been proposed as a mechanism by which prions spread intercellularly. The biogenesis of exosomes occurs within the endosomal system, through formation of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs), which are subsequently released from cells as exosomes. ILV formation is known to be regulated by the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, although an alternative neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) pathway has been suggested to also regulate this process. Here, we investigate a role for the nSMase pathway in exosome biogenesis and packaging of PrP into these vesicles. Inhibition of the nSMase pathway using GW4869 revealed a role for the nSMase pathway in both exosome formation and PrP packaging. In agreement, targeted knockdown of nSMase1 and nSMase2 in mouse neurons using lentivirus-mediated RNAi also decreases exosome release, demonstrating the nSMase pathway regulates the biogenesis and release of exosomes. We also demonstrate that PrPC packaging is dependent on nSMase2, whereas the packaging of disease-associated PrPSc into exosomes occurs independently of nSMase2. These findings provide further insight into prion transmission and identify a pathway which directly assists exosome-mediated transmission of prions.
Botrytis cinerea Manipulates the Antagonistic Effects between Immune Pathways to Promote Disease Development in Tomato[C][W][OA]

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen that causes grey mould disease in a broad host range, including tomato, grapes, potato, and strawberry. Here, we report that B. cinerea secretes a virulence factor that hijacks the plant’s own crosstalk network to promote disease development. Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense and respond to pathogen attacks. Resistance against necrotrophic pathogens generally requires the activation of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, whereas the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway is mainly activated against biotrophic pathogens. SA can antagonize JA signaling and vice versa. Here, we report that the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea exploits this antagonism as a strategy to cause disease development. We show that B. cinerea produces an exopolysaccharide, which acts as an elicitor of the SA pathway. In turn, the SA pathway antagonizes the JA signaling pathway, thereby allowing the fungus to develop its disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SA-promoted disease development occurs through Nonexpressed Pathogen Related1. We also show that the JA signaling pathway required for tomato resistance against B. cinerea is mediated by the systemin elicitor. These data highlight a new strategy used by B. cinerea to overcome the plant’s defense system and to spread within the host.
Competitive 1T-DRAM in 28 nm FDSOI technology for low-power embedded memory

We demonstrate experimentally a capacitorless IT-DRAM fabricated with 28 nm FDSOI. The Z2-FET memory cell features a large current sense margin and long retention time at T = 25°C and 85°C. Systematic measurements show that Z2-FET exhibits negligible OFF-state current at low drain/gate bias and is suitable as a low-power embedded memory.
Expression and localization of elements of the plasminogen activation system in benign breast disease and breast cancers

The malignant potential of solid tumors is related to the ability to invade adjacent tissue and to metastasize. These properties of cancer cells depend on the synthesis of proteolytic enzymes which are able to digest adjacent connective tissue and basement membranes. We hypothesized that all elements of the plasminogen activation system might be overexpressed in malignant human breast tumors, functioning as an essential element in tumor invasion and metastasis. As determined by histopathological methods, the malignant tumors showed statistically significantly higher expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), type‐1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI‐1), and especially urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) than benign tissues. All those elements were present in higher amounts in the cancer cells than in the cells of benign or normal breast tissues. High exhibition of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) found in cancer seems to be random and not related to the malignant or benign state, since benign and malignant tumors show overexpression of tissue plasminogen activator with similar frequency. When the tumors express high amounts of uPA, they express a high amount of uPAR in 50% of cases and PAI‐1 in 57.3% of cases. When urokinase is expressed in low amount, the receptor is low in 28.6% and inhibitor in 21.4% of malignant breast tumors. This statistically significant consensus, 78.6% in the case of urokinase and its receptor and 78.6% in case of urokinase and its inhibitor, suggests that these activities may be the result of a unique mechanism of control, activated in the last steps of malignant transformation.
Research on Construction and Development of Competitive Sports Administration System in Colleges and Universities

Competitive sport in colleges and universities either belongs to the part of physical education in colleges and universities needed to improve, or belongs to the components of the national competitive sport, which plays two roles and has double effects on social sport. In order to strengthen the abilities of the Chinese athletes to compete in the world, to realize the strategic goals as soon as possible to enter into the World Universiade, to win honors in the Olympic Games, to actually reflect the entire quality of the Chinese students and the teaching level of the Chinese higher education, by comparing the essence, development background and current situation of the competitive sports administration system in Chinese colleges and universities with those in American colleges and universities, the competitive sports administrative system in the Chinese colleges and universities and the related deep-seated problems were reexamined. The purpose is to provide reference for the cultivation of first-class international high-level athletes and for the construction of the competitive sports administration system in Chinese colleges and universities.
The social comfort of wearable technology and gestural interaction

The “wearability” of wearable technology addresses the factors that affect the degree of comfort the wearer experiences while wearing a device, including physical, psychological, and social aspects. While the physical and psychological aspects of wearing technology have been investigated since early in the development of the field of wearable computing, the social aspects of wearability have been less fully-explored. As wearable technology becomes increasingly common on the commercial market, social wearability is becoming an ever-more-important variable contributing to the success or failure of new products. Here we present an analysis of social aspects of wearability within the context of the greater understanding of wearability in wearable technology, and focus on selected theoretical frameworks for understanding how wearable products are perceived and evaluated in a social context. Qualitative results from a study of social acceptability of on-body interactions are presented as a case study of social wearability.
Relative Contribution of Cytochrome-mediated and Cyanide-resistant Electron Transport in Fresh and Aged Potato Slices.

The respiration of fresh potato (Solanum tuberosum, var. Russet Burbank) slices is predominantly cyanide-sensitive whether in the presence or absence of uncoupler. By contrast, the wound-induced respiration which develops in thin slices with aging is cyanide-resistant, and in the presence of cyanide, sensitive to chlorobenzhydroxamic acid, a selective inhibitor of the cyanide-resistant respiration. Titration of the alternate path in coupled slices with chlorobenzhydroxamic acid, in the presence and absence of cyanide, shows that the contribution of the cyanide-resistant pathway to the wound-induced respiration is zero. Similar titrations with uncoupled slices reveal that the alternate path is engaged and utilized extensively.The maximal capacity of the cytochrome path (V(cyt)) has been estimated in fresh and aged slices in the presence of the uncoupler carbonyl-cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone. It has been found that V(cyt) of aged slices is but 30 to 40% higher than that of fresh slices. The results suggest that the bulk of the wound-induced respiration is mediated through the cytochrome pathway which exists in fresh slices in suppressed form, and which is fully expressed by slice aging. The engagement of the alternate path by uncouplers in aged slices is attributed to an increase in substrate mobilization, with the result that the electron transport capacity of the cytochrome chain is exceeded.