Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Markov chains in smooth Banach spaces and Gromov hyperbolic metric spaces

A metric space X has Markov type 2, if for any reversible flnite-state Markov chain fZtg (with Z0 chosen according to the stationary distribution) and any map f from the state space to X, the distance Dt from f(Z0) to f(Zt) satisfles E(D 2) • K 2 tE(D 2) for some K = K(X) 2) has Markov type 2; this proves a conjecture of Ball. We also show that trees, hyperbolic groups and simply connected Riemannian manifolds of pinched negative curvature have Markov type 2. Our results are applied to settle several conjectures on Lipschitz extensions and embeddings. In particular, we answer a question posed by Johnson and Lindenstrauss in 1982, by showing that for 1 < q < 2 < p < 1, any Lipschitz mapping from a subset of Lp to Lq has a Lipschitz extension deflned on all of Lp.
Family Dynamics and Family Scripts: A Case Study of Musical Development

This paper adds to the literature on the development of musical abilities in children. In particular, it examines the role of parental influence, adopting a much more psychodynamic approach than previous studies in the field, and by so doing is focused around a detailed case study of the Brown family, a white middle-class English family whose members all play musical instruments. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis is used to examine the impact of the parents' beliefs and behaviours on their two sons' musical progress. In particular, the eldest son's sense of self is tied up with his mother's "script" about his musical ability is examined. We see that a believed symbiosis between mother and son leads the boy to develop a very positive self image as a musician; whereas the younger brother, who is excluded from the special mother-son "script" rebels against the emphasis on music within the home and seeks his sense of self and identity elsewhere. Byng-Hall's "Family Script Theory" from psychodynamic work in Family Therapy is integrated into our theorising on the outcome of the study.
A three-part intersection of psychology and information systems

iii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 ORGANIZATION 1 1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2 1.2. 1 PERSONALITY 2 1.2. 2 COUNSELING 3 1.2. 3 SOCIAL 3 1.3 PLAN OF PRESENTATION 4 CHAPTER 2: PERSONALITY AND COGNITIVE STYLE AS PREDICTORS OF PREFERENCE FOR WORKING IN VIRTUAL TEAMS 5 CHAPTER 3: UTILIZING STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING AND SOCIAL COGNITIVE CAREER THEORY TO IDENTIFY FACTORS IN CHOICE OF IT AS A MAJOR 31 CHAPTER 4: AN IMPRESSION FORMATION-BASED EXAMINATION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY ACROSS GENDER AND MESSAGE 65 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 124 REFERENCES 126
Applications of MALDI‐TOF MS analysis in cyanotoxin research

Recent advances in analytical chemistry have provided an array of techniques to analyze cyanotoxins in a variety of samples. Mass spectral analysis by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) has proven to be a reliable and rapid tool to detect and identify microcystin variants in very small samples such as single Microcystis colonies. Mass signals presumptive of microcystin variants can be characterized further and identified by postsource‐decay fragmentation and comparison of observed fragment spectra with theoretical ones or with those of pure reference compounds. By analyzing Microcystis colonies from water blooms, the high metabolic diversity among individual colonies in the communities could be established. For monitoring microcystins in environmental samples, MALDI‐TOF MS can provide considerable support to HPLC by identifying microcystin variants not available as purified standards, especially in Planktothrix‐dominated blooms in which demethylated variants are predominant. A short description of the principles of MALDI‐TOF MS is provided, followed by examples of its application and a discussion of its potential use in cyanotoxin research. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 17: 367–374, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/tox.10073
Molecular characterization of three erbB transducing viruses generated during avian leukosis virus-induced erythroleukemia: extensive internal deletion near the kinase domain activates the fibrosarcoma- and hemangioma-inducing potentials of erbB

Three new erbB transducing viruses generated during avian leukosis virus-induced erythroblastosis have been cloned and sequenced, and their transforming abilities have been analyzed. Provirus 9134 E1 expresses an amino-terminally truncated erbB product that is analogous to the proviral insertionally activated c-erbB gag-erbB fusion product. This virus efficiently induces erythroblastosis, but does not transform fibroblasts in vitro or induce sarcomas in vivo. In contrast, virus 9134 S3 expresses an erbB product identical to the erbB product of 9134 E1, with the exception of a large internal deletion located between the kinase domain and the putative autophosphorylation site, P1. Interestingly, this virus is no longer capable of inducing erythroblastosis, but can induce both fibrosarcomas and hemangiomas in vivo. Provirus 9134 F3 has sustained an approximately 23-amino-acid carboxy-terminal truncation and is capable of inducing both erythroblastosis and sarcomagenesis. This virus expresses an erbB product with the shortest carboxy-terminal truncation sufficient to reveal the sarcomagenic potential of this protein. The distinct transforming properties of these viruses indicate that different structural domains of the erbB product confer distinct disease specificities.
Algorithm selection by rational metareasoning as a model of human strategy selection

Selecting the right algorithm is an important problem in computer science, because the algorithm often has to exploit the structure of the input to be efficient. The human mind faces the same challenge. Therefore, solutions to the algorithm selection problem can inspire models of human strategy selection and vice versa. Here, we view the algorithm selection problem as a special case of metareasoning and derive a solution that outperforms existing methods in sorting algorithm selection. We apply our theory to model how people choose between cognitive strategies and test its prediction in a behavioral experiment. We find that people quickly learn to adaptively choose between cognitive strategies. People's choices in our experiment are consistent with our model but inconsistent with previous theories of human strategy selection. Rational metareasoning appears to be a promising framework for reverse-engineering how people choose among cognitive strategies and translating the results into better solutions to the algorithm selection problem.
A Reactive Energy-Alert Algorithm for MANET and Its Impact on Node Energy Consumption

Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are self organized networks whose nodes are free to move randomly while being able to communicate with each other without the help of an existing network infrastructure. In MANET, the routing protocols have to route the packets depending on the MANET constraints such as battery power in addition to the shortest path. The limited battery supply to mobile node in MANET requires that the routing protocols utilize power efficiently and thus maximize the network life time. The energy aware deterioration in ad hoc networks is a very important aspect of the overall management of ad hoc networks. In this paper, the focus is on the reactive power-alert technique for communication between ad hoc network nodes by continuously alerting their energy status to neighbor nodes. Here the concentration is on reducing the energy consumption by proposing optimal path selection method. In this scheme a threshold value is set on the energy consumed by mobile nodes in ad-hoc network. If the energy level of any node/s in the network reaches a threshold level then such nodes are made inactive and inform other nodes not to establish connections with it in this sleep state. In this paper, experimental results and a comparative analysis are presented based on the use of this threshold. The result shows significant improvement in the throughput and routing load which in turn increases the lifetime of the network.
Guaranteed V2V QoS services implementation and field measurements in hybrid WAVE\LTE environments

The research of vehicular networks has been studied for many years. In actual life, there are a few implementations of V2X communication system, majority of them are extremely expensive. Most importantly, detailed insight implementation procedure hasn't been provided for researches. In this paper, an efficient V2X communication system based on the IEEE 802.11p/1609.X protocol stack, also known as the Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) standard has been designed. In this system, a Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) unit using low-cost and commercial hardware which can support the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications is developed. Some specific driver adjustments based on the IEEE 802.11a driver are taken to assure compliance with the IEEE 802.11p protocol. Besides, the development of networking layer protocol is accomplished based on IEEE 1609.3. Furthermore, three safety applications and a performance evaluation subsystem have been developed on this platform. The subsystem can test the comprehensive performance of the communication unit in terms of Packet Loss Rate (PLR), throughput and end-to-end delay. Meanwhile enormous experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the communication prototype and different scenarios were designed to validate the practical function of the safety applications.
The Architecture and Strict-Sense Nonblocking Conditions of a New Baseline-Based Optical Switching Network Composed of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Switching Elements

In this paper, we introduce a new multiplane optical switching fabric structure based on a baseline type switching network. The new structure is built from symmetrical and asymmetrical optical switching elements. This new architecture can be extended to structures of greater size (it means capacity as a number of inputs and outputs). To compare different types of switching architectures, we define the cost of an appropriate structure as the number of its passive and active optical elements. Generally, structure with smallest number of these elements constitutes a cheaper solution. We also introduce a strict-sense nonblocking conditions for the proposed multiplane structure and compare them with an optical baseline multiplane switching networks of the same capacity. We show that for most capacities of the switching network, the new multiplane architecture is a cheaper solution than the multiplane baseline network even when the number of planes in the new architecture is greater than the number of one planes in the baseline structure — cost of the whole new structure expressed as the number of passive and active optical elements is fewer than baseline network of the same capacity.
PECULIARITIES OF PEDAGOGUES’ VOCATIONAL DIFFICULTIES: LINKS WITH LOCUS OF CONTROL, PASSION FOR TEACHING AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS

Researches of different countries confirm that emotional and intellectual overload is typical in pedagogues’ work. Lots of works are published about peculiarities in manifestation of burn-out syndrome among pedagogues. However, most of these researches analyse negative consequences of pedagogues’ work. Analysis of reasons that cause it is insufficient. We still miss researches, helping to evaluate typical difficulties of pedagogical activity and revealing their perception among pedagogues themselves. It is important to define, which psychological properties of pedagogues and what socio-demographic factors make impact on subjective evaluation of one’s own work related difficulties. This article introduces to research results about pedagogues (n =57) of two Lithuanian cities. In the process of the research empiric evaluation of peculiarities in vocational activity of pedagogues and their links to locus of control, passion for teaching and socio-demographic factors was given. KEYWORDS: pedagogues‘vocational difficulties, locus of control, passion for teaching.
Long‐term outcome of carpal tunnel syndrome after conservative treatment

The purpose of this study was to investigate the long‐term prognosis of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). We prospectively followed‐up patients with CTS for 80 weeks. Thirty cases had been treated with a single injection of methylprednisolone acetate and another 30 with a 10‐day course of prednisolone. At the end of the follow‐up period, there were no significant differences in symptoms as measured by global symptom score and in the proportion of patients who progressed to decompressive surgery. Few patients who were not operated on (11.4%) remain asymptomatic.
How Small Were the First Cosmological Objects?

The minimum mass that a virialized gas cloud must have in order to be able to cool in a Hubble time is computed, using a detailed treatment of the chemistry of molecular hydrogen. With a simple model for halo profiles, we reduce the problem to that of numerically integrating a system of chemical equations. The results agree well with numerically expensive three-dimensional simulations, and our approach has the advantage of being able to explore large regions of parameter space rapidly. The minimum baryonic mass Mb is found to be strongly redshift dependent, dropping from 106 M☉ at z ~ 15 to 5 × 103 M☉ at z ~ 100 as molecular cooling becomes effective. For z ≫ 100, Mb rises again, as cosmic microwave background photons inhibit H2 formation through the H- channel. Finally, for z ≫ 200, the H+2 channel for H2 formation becomes effective, driving Mb down toward Mb ~ 103 M☉. With a standard cold dark matter power spectrum with σ8 = 0.7, this implies that a fraction 10-3 of all baryons may have formed luminous objects by z = 30, which could be sufficient to reheat the universe.
TCP HandOff: A Practical TCP Enhancement for Heterogeneous Mobile Environments

In recent years, many different kinds of wireless access networks have been deployed for the Internet and have become inseparable parts of the Internet. But TCP, the most widely used transport protocol of the Internet, was designed for stationery hosts. In particular, TCP faces severe challenges when user moves around in these networks and handoff occurs frequently. In this paper, TCP handoff (TCP-HO), a practical end-to-end mechanism, is proposed for improving TCP performance in heterogeneous mobile environments. TCP-HO assumes that a mobile host is able to detect the completion of handoff immediately and has a coarse estimation of new wireless link's bandwidth. When a mobile host detects handoff completion, it will immediately notify the server through two duplicate ACKs, whose TCP option also carries the bandwidth of new wireless link. After receiving this notification, the server begins to transmit immediately and keeps updating ssthresh according to the bandwidth from mobile host and its new RTT samples. This updating will be stopped after four RTT samples or after congestion is detected. TCP-HO has been implemented in FreeBSD 5.4. Experimental results show that TCP-HO does improve TCP performance without adversely affecting cross traffic in a heterogeneous mobile environment.
Neuroprotection and Functional Recovery Associated with Decreased Microglial Activation Following Selective Activation of mGluR2/3 Receptors in a Rodent Model of Parkinson's Disease

Clinical trials have demonstrated positive proof of efficacy of dual metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 (mGluR2/3) agonists in both anxiety and schizophrenia. Importantly, evidence suggests that these drugs may also be neuroprotective against glutamate excitotoxicity, implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether this neuroprotection also translates into functional recovery is unclear. In the current study, we examined the neuroprotective efficacy of the dual mGluR2/3 agonist, 2R,4R-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (2R,4R-APDC), and whether this is accompanied by behavioral recovery in a rodent 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of PD. We now report that delayed post lesion treatment with 2R,4R-APDC (10 nmol), results in robust neuroprotection of the nigrostriatal system, which translated into functional recovery as measured by improved forelimb use asymmetry and reduced (+)-amphetamine-induced rotation compared to vehicle treated animals. Interestingly, these beneficial effects were associated with a decrease in microglial markers in the SNc, which may suggest an antiinflammatory action of this drug.
A clinical neuroscience investigation into flashbacks and involuntary autobiographical memories

This chapter presents a brief review of the patient experience and neuroimaging findings of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), focusing on flashbacks. It starts by describing the patient experience of PTSD and flashbacks. The current evidence-based treatments are briefly reviewed. Next, one mechanism of how to model the flashback experience in the laboratory, the trauma film paradigm, is examined. The relatively few neuroimaging studies investigating flashbacks are reviewed. A pragmatic framework to help bridge the clinical presentation and neuroscience of flashbacks is proposed. An experimental psychopathology approach is taken, yielding a framework in which a flashback comprises five component parts; autobiographical (trauma) memory, involuntary recall, negative emotions, mental imagery and attention hijacking. Each component is considered in turn, both behaviourally and from a brain imaging perspective. The components of the framework are examined in relation to potential use in laboratory experiments. A mapping of these five components of a flashback onto our understanding of the brain is described. Unanswered questions that exist in the understanding of flashbacks are considered using the proposed framework. It is suggested that the clinical neuroscience framework may aid the development of a firmer bridge between theory and clinic and possibly help develop preventative treatments against flashback development. Published as: Clark, I. A. , Holmes, E. A. , & Mackay, C. E. (in press). Intrusive imagery and post traumatic stress disorder: An experimental psychopathology approach to flashbacks. In A. Mishara, P. Corlett, P. Fletcher & M. Schwartz (Eds.), Phenomenological Neuropsychiatry: The Patient's Experience, Bridging Clinic with Clinical Neuroscience: Springer.
Bacterial cell division protein FtsZ is stable against degradation by AAA family protease FtsH in Escherichia coli cells

We have found that FtsH protease of Escherichia coli could degrade E. coli cell division protein FtsZ in an ATP‐ and Zn2+‐dependent manner in vitro and that the degradation did not show specificity for the N‐terminus or C‐terminus of FtsZ, like in the case of degradation of its conventional substrate σ32 protein. In continuation of these observations, in the present study, we examined whether FtsH would affect the stability and turnover of FtsZ in vivo. We found that FtsZ levels were not elevated in E. coli AR754 (ftsH1 ts) cells at nonpermissive temperature as compared to the levels in an FtsH‐active isogenic AR753 strain. Neither did FtsH degrade ectopically expressed FtsZ in AR754 strain nor did ectopic expression of FtsH reduced FtsZ levels in E. coli AR5090 ftsH null strain (ftsH::kan, sfhC21). Pulse chase experiments in AR754 and AR5090 strains showed that there were no compensatory changes in FtsZ turnover, in case FtsZ degradation had occurred. Even under cell division arrested conditions, wherein FtsZ was not required, FtsH protease did not degrade unutilized FtsZ. These experiments demonstrate that either FtsH protease may not have a role in regulating the levels of FtsZ in vivo under the conditions tested or that some cellular component(s) might be stabilising FtsZ against FtsH protease. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Disease burden in HIV-associated cognitive impairment

Objective: To study whole-brain MR measures derived from diffusion tensor imaging and magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) for the in vivo assessment of cumulative neuropathologic changes in HIV and to evaluate the quantitative imaging strategies with respect to cognitive status measures including the severity of dementia and the degree of impairment in specific cognitive domains including attention, memory, constructional abilities, and motor speed. Methods: Quantitative whole-brain measurements, including fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), were derived from histograms and compared in HIV and control participants. Relationships between the MR and cognitive status measures were examined. Results: Whole-brain FA and MTR were reduced in patients with HIV and correlated with dementia severity. Whole-brain MTR and ADC were correlated with psychomotor deficits. Evaluation of relationships between the studied MR measures indicated a correlation between ADC and MTR; FA was not correlated with either ADC or MTR. Conclusions: Findings from this investigation support the use of quantitative whole-brain MR measures for evaluation of disease burden in HIV. Reductions in whole-brain fractional anisotropy and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) distinguished HIV and control subjects, and these measures were associated with dementia severity. Relationships were identified between whole-brain MTR and apparent diffusion coefficient and psychomotor deficits. Combining these quantitative strategies in neuroimaging examinations may provide more comprehensive information concerning ongoing changes in the brains of HIV patients.
Characteristics of subepithelial fibroblasts as a mechano-sensor in the intestine: cell-shape-dependent ATP release and P2Y1 signaling

Subepithelial fibroblasts form a cellular network just under the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Using primary cultured cells isolated from rat duodenal villi, we previously found that subepithelial fibroblasts reversibly changed cell morphology between flat and stellate-shape depending on intracellular cAMP levels. In this paper, we examined cell-cell communication via released ATP and Ca2+ signaling in the cellular network. Subepithelial fibroblasts were sensitive to mechanical stress such as `touching' a cell with a fine glass rod and `stretching' cells cultured on elastic silicone chamber. Mechanical stimulations evoked Ca2+-increase in the cells and ATP-release from the cells. The released ATP activated P2Y receptors on the surrounding cells and propagated Ca2+-waves through the network. Concomitant with Ca2+-waves, a transient contraction of the network was observed. Histochemical, RT-PCR, western blotting and Ca2+ response analyses indicated P2Y1 is a dominant functional subtype. ATP-release and Ca2+ signaling were cell-shape dependent, i.e. they were abolished in stellate-shaped cells treated with dBcAMP, and recovered or further enhanced in re-flattened cells treated with endothelin. The response to ATP also decreased in stellate-shaped cells. These findings indicate cAMP-mediated intracellular signaling causes cell-shape change, which accompanies the changes in mechano- and ATP sensitivities. Using a co-culture system of neuronal cells (NG108-15) with subepithelial fibroblasts, we confirmed that mechanically induced Ca2+-waves propagated to neurons. From these findings we propose that subepithelial fibroblasts work as a mechanosensor in the intestine. Uptake of food, water and nutrients may cause mechanical stress on subepithelial fibroblasts in the villi. The ATP released by mechanical stimulation elicits Ca2+-wave propagation through the network via P2Y1 activation and also activates P2X on terminals of mucosal sensory neurons to regulate peristaltic motility.