Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bounded autonomy and behavioral ethics: Deonance and reactance as competing motives

We analyze business behavioral ethics in terms of bounded autonomy, namely the result of tensions between the countervailing motivations of reactance (tendencies that involve the freedom of behaving in certain ways as a right) versus deonance (tendencies that involve the appropriateness of behaving in certain ways as an obligation). We focus in particular on how the resolution of such tensions (i.e. establishment of a boundary between rights and duties—“free” behaviors versus “non-free” behaviors—in a state of dynamic equilibrium) can cause behavior to be seen as ethical by the person performing the behavior (the actor), but seen as unethical by impartial observers. That discrepancy comes from the actor’s assessment of the behavior in question as having either an inherent status (the type of behavior it is) or an instrumental status (what it does). This analysis leads us to a discussion of the following four types of situations involving unethical behavior: freedom expansion based on a behavior’s inherent status or on its instrumental status; and freedom contraction based on a behavior’s inherent status or on its instrumental status. We outline propositions consistent with those distinctions and conclude with theoretical implications.
Computer Virus Spread Containment Using Feedback Control.

In this research, a security architecture based on the feedback control theory has been proposed. The first loop has been designed, developed and tested. The architecture proposes a feedback model with many controllers located at different stages of network. The controller at each stage gives feedback to the one at higher level and a decision about network security is taken. The first loop implemented in this thesis detects one important anomaly of virus attack, rate of outgoing connection. Though there are other anomalies of a virus attack, rate of outgoing connection is an important one to contain the spread. Based on the feedback model, this symptom is fed back and a state model using queuing theory is developed to delay the connections and slow down the rate of outgoing connections. Upon implementation of this model, whenever an infected machine tries to make connections at a speed not considered safe, the controller kicks in and sends those connections to a delay queue. Because of delaying connections, rate of outgoing connections decrease. Also because of delaying, many connections timeout and get dropped, reducing the spread. PID controller is implemented to decide the number of connections going to safe or suspected queue. Multiple controllers can be implemented to control the parameters like delay and timeout. Control theory analysis is performed on the system to test for stability, controllability, observability. Sensitivity analysis is done to find out the sensitivity of the controller to the delay parameter. The first loop implemented gives feedback to the architecture proposed about symptoms of an attack at the node level. A controller needs to be developed to receive information from different controllers and decision about quarantining needs to be made. This research gives the basic information needed for the controller about what is going on at individual nodes of the network. This information can also be used to increase sensitivity of other loops to increase the effectiveness of feedback architecture.
Decreasing variability in the development of graphic production

Several recent theories of development have begun to recognise the importance of variability in mechanisms of change. The present study’s aim was to map variability in the drawing process. We examined changes in cognitive and biomechanical factors that influence drawing behaviour by investigating how simple shapes and complex pictures are drawn. In order to assess changes in variability with age across individuals, children (4- to 7-year-olds) and adults copied a series of geometric shapes and more complex images. In order to assess changes in variability with age within individuals, participants also made repeated copies of simple shapes and characters. Overall, both types of variability decreased with age. It is suggested that increasing biomechanical efficiency and enculturated drawing conventions contribute to these decreases.
Anonymous location aided secure routing protocol

Anonymous location schemes classified into reactive routing methods and proactive routing methods and anonymous middleware methods. Reactive routing methods includes hop by hop encryption and redundant traffic analysis which either generates high cost or cannot provide full anonymity to source, destination and routes. An Anonymous Location-based Efficient Routing protocol (ALERT) was used to offer high anonymity protection at a low cost. GPSR protocol is used to transmit message from source to destination. Like other anonymity routing algorithms, ALERT is not completely bulletproof to all attacks. To prevent occurrence of active attacks advanced cryptographic algorithm SHA-2 is used, which provides better security features. Thus it provides full anonymity in Source destination as well as in route.
What Determines Young People's Engagement with Performing Arts Events?

This survey-based cross-sectional investigation explores the socio-demographic, school and student, extracurricular, and family factors associated with Australian high school-aged adolescents’ attendance at live theater, music, and dance events (receptive arts participation) outside of school. Hierarchical multiple linear regression showed that gender, age, and socio-economic status were associated with attendance at performing arts events. Attendance was also linked to theater visits with the school and current study in the performing arts. Out-of-school correlates were involvement in a drama group/class, family attendance at live performances, and sporting attendance. Finally, multilevel modeling indicated that the bulk of variance in attendance patterns resided at the student/residual level rather than school level. Findings hold implications for schools, education systems, and arts-based organizations as they seek to enhance high school-aged adolescents’ development and engagement with the performing arts.
GX1-conjugated poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles encapsulating Endostar for improved in vivo anticolorectal cancer treatment

Tumor angiogenesis plays a key role in tumor growth and metastasis; thus, targeting tumor-associated angiogenesis is an important goal in cancer therapy. However, the efficient delivery of drugs to tumors remains a key issue in antiangiogenesis therapy. GX1, a peptide identified by phage-display technology, is a novel tumor vasculature endothelium-specific ligand and possesses great potential as a targeted vector and antiangiogenic agent in the diagnosis and treatment of human cancers. Endostar, a novel recombinant human endostatin, has been shown to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we developed a theranostic agent composed of GX1-conjugated poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles encapsulating Endostar (GPENs) and labeled with the near-infrared dye IRDye 800CW to improve colorectal tumor targeting and treatment efficacy in vivo. The in vivo fluorescence molecular imaging data showed that GPENs (IRDye 800CW) more specifically targeted tumors than free IRDye 800CW in colorectal tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, the antitumor efficacy was evaluated by bioluminescence imaging and immunohistology, revealing that GPENs possessed improved antitumor efficacy on subcutaneous colorectal xenografts compared to other treatment groups. Thus, our study showed that GPENs, a novel GX1 peptide guided form of nanoscale Endostar, can be used as a theranostic agent to facilitate more efficient targeted therapy and enable real-time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy in vivo.
Patient Perceptions of Acute Care Telemedicine: A Pilot Investigation

This investigation focuses on the patient perceptions of the interaction that occurs during acute telemedical care in an emergency department and the effectiveness of this technology. Data indicate 95% of the patients were seen by a specialist within 15 minutes of arriving at the emergency room and fewer than 12% reported experiencing a technical problem (n = 150). Further, 80% of the patients indicated that they were satisfied with level of concern communicated to them by the specialist and 80% were satisfied with the explanation of their medical condition. Finally, 80% of the patients believed the use of telemedicine was a positive factor in the diagnostic process and 80% were reported being satisfied with their overall treatment.
Phylogenetic relationships among three new Hemibarbus mitogenome sequences belonging to the subfamily Gobioninae (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, and Cyprinidae)

Background and aims: Here, we present the full-length mitogenome sequences of Hemibarbus labeo, Hemibarbus longirostris, and Hemibarbus mylodon – three fish species belonging to the subfamily Gobioninae (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, and Cyprinidae). H. mylodon is endemic to the Korean Peninsula and a critically endangered freshwater species because of various anthropogenic activities around its natural habitat. Results: Overall characteristics of mitogenomes of the three Hemibarbus species were identical to previously known typical vertebrate mitogenomes. Bayesian inference of phylogeny recovered the monophyly of the subfamily Gobioninae with high posterior probability support, with the three Hemibarbus species forming a strongly supported monophyletic group. H. mylodon was placed at the basal position, and H. longirostris was separated from two monophyletic H. labeo types. Conclusion: Our findings are congruent with the previous taxonomic appraisal based on morphological analysis.
The Interactive Roles of Lipopolysaccharides and dsRNA/Viruses on Respiratory Epithelial Cells and Dendritic Cells in Allergic Respiratory Disorders: The Hygiene Hypothesis

The original hygiene hypothesis declares “more infections in early childhood protect against later atopy”. According to the hygiene hypothesis, the increased incidence of allergic disorders in developed countries is explained by the decrease of infections. Epithelial cells and dendritic cells play key roles in bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems. Among the various pattern-recognition receptor systems of epithelial cells and dendritic cells, including toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) and others, TLRs are the key systems of immune response regulation. In humans, TLRs consist of TLR1 to TLR10. They regulate cellular responses through engagement with TLR ligands, e.g., lipopolysaccharides (LPS) acts through TLR4 and dsRNA acts through TLR3, but there are certain common components between these two TLR pathways. dsRNA activates epithelial cells and dendritic cells in different directions, resulting in allergy-related Th2-skewing tendency in epithelial cells, and Th1-skewing tendency in dendritic cells. The Th2-skewing effect by stimulation of dsRNA on epithelial cells could be suppressed by the presence of LPS above some threshold. When LPS level decreases, the Th2-skewing effect increases. It may be via these interrelated networks and related factors that LPS modifies the allergic responses and provides a plausible mechanism of the hygiene hypothesis. Several hygiene hypothesis-related phenomena, seemingly conflicting, are also discussed in this review, along with their proposed mechanisms.
When Narcissus Was a Boy: Origins, Nature, and Consequences of Childhood Narcissism

Not all positive self-views are alike. Developmen- tal researchers increasingly recognize that it is important to distinguish between accurate, well-balanced positive self- views and inflated, narcissistic positive self-views. Narcissism refers to a sense of grandiosity and a strong need to be seen and admired by others. This article reviews current empiri- cal knowledge of narcissistic traits in youths and discusses future challenges and opportunities for this rapidly devel- oping field. Narcissism can be identified from late child- hood and has similar manifestations and consequences among youths as it has among adults. Future research will need to uncover the origins and early development of nar- cissism. The study of childhood narcissism promises to contribute to a more accurate and comprehensive under- standing of the development of the self and the conse- quences of the self. KEYWORDS—narcissism; inflated self-views; self-esteem; devel- opment; children
Gaussian Processes for Prediction Technical Report PARG-0701

We propose a powerful prediction algorithm built upon Gaussian processes (GPs). They are particularly useful for their flexibility, facilitating accurate prediction even in the absence of strong physical models. GPs further allow us to work within a complete Bayesian probabilistic framework. As such, we show how the hyperparameters of our system can be marginalised by use of Bayesian Monte Carlo, a principled method of approximate integration. We employ the error bars of our GP's predictions as a means to select only the most informative data to store. This allows us to introduce an iterative formulation of the GP to give a dynamic, on-line algorithm. We also show how our error bars can be used to perform active data selection, allowing the GP to select where and when it should next take a measurement. We demonstrate how our methods can be applied to multi-sensor prediction problems where data may be missing, delayed and/or correlated. In particular, we present a real network of weather sensors as a testbed for our algorithm.
The development of an understanding of modesty

Previous research has shown that children's understanding of how others evaluate them improves during primary school. Modesty reflects a complex form of this understanding, since one must appreciate that a self-deprecating presentation of the self can lead to enhanced social evaluation. The present research examines the understanding of modesty in children aged between 6 and 10 years. In Expt 1, 179 children were asked to choose between modest and immodest responses to praise in hypothetical situations, and then to justify their choices. Children from age 8 onwards nor only showed a preference for the modest responses but also justified this preference in terms of the negative impact of immodesty on social evaluation. In Expt 2, 60 children judged modest and immodest responses, and also completed two social cognition tasks capping second-order mental-state reasoning. A teacher-assessed measure of self-monitoring was also administered. As in the first experiment, children from age 8 viewed modest responses more positively than immodest responses. Furthermore, attitudes towards modesty were associated with individual differences in self-monitoring and social cognition,such that children with greater sensitivity to the interpersonal dynamics of social situations were more likely than others to rate modest responses positively. Implications for understanding children's social behaviour are discussed.
A Novel Immunohistochemical Staining Method Allows Ultrarapid Detection of Lymph Node Micrometastases While Conserving Antibody

We developed a novel ultrarapid immunohistochemical staining method in which an AC electric field is used to facilitate detection of tumor cells. Frozen sections of non-small cell lung cancer in lymph nodes were fixed in acetone for 2 min, after which they were incubated for 2 min with an anti-pancytokeratin antibody cocktail and then with EnVisionTM complex under an alternating current (AC) electric field. The sections were then incubated with a chromogen (3,3'diaminobenzidine) for 3 min and counterstained with hematoxylin. This method enabled detection of tumor cells in frozen sections in less than 15 min. In addition, we were able to reduce the amount of antibody used by more than 90% when the sections were incubated under the AC electric field for a longer period. This method could be a useful tool for frozen section diagnosis and research. Furthermore, with this method the cost of immunohistochemical staining can be reduced.
Associations Between Neighborhood Open Space Attributes and Quality of Life for Older People in Britain

The existing literature suggests that neighborhood open space (NOS) may play an important role for older people in maintaining and enhancing their quality of life (QoL). However, little is known as to what attributes of such places are relevant to QoL in late life. This study explored what aspects of NOS are associated with health, life satisfaction, and outdoor activity (walking) for older people. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data from 284 people aged 65 years or older, living in Britain. The results indicate that the pleasantness and safety of open spaces were relevant to participants' life satisfaction, whereas the quality of paths to open spaces was associated with walking behavior. The distance to NOS was also correlated with life satisfaction. However, no NOS attributes were associated with participants' health status. These results are further discussed in the context of designing NOS to enhance older people's QoL.
Year : 2010 Outcomes of patients on dual-boosted PI regimens : experience of the Swiss HIV cohort study

Dual-boosted protease inhibitors (DBPI) are an option for salvage therapy for HIV-1 resistant patients. Patients receiving a DBPI in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study between January1996 and March 2007 were studied. Outcomes of interest were viral suppression at 24 weeks. 295 patients (72.5%) were on DBPI for over 6 months. The median duration was 2.2 years. Of 287 patients who had HIV-RNA >400 copies/ml at the start of the regimen, 184 (64.1%) were ever suppressed while on DBPI and 156 (54.4%) were suppressed within 24 weeks. The median time to suppression was 101 days (95% confidence interval 90-125 days). The median number of past regimens was 6 (IQR, 3-8). The main reasons for discontinuing the regimen were patient's wish (48.3%), treatment failure (22.5%), and toxicity (15.8%). Acquisition of HIV through intravenous drug use and the use of lopinavir in combination with saquinavir or atazanavir were associated with an increased likelihood of suppression within 6 months. Patients on DBPI are heavily treatment experienced. Viral suppression within 6 months was achieved in more than half of the patients. There may be a place for DBPI regimens in settings where more expensive alternates are not available. Outcomes of Patients on Dual-Boosted PI Regimens: Experience of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study Regina B. Osih, Patrick Taffé, Martin Rickenbach, 2 Angèle Gayet–Ageron, Luigia Elzi, Christoph Fux, Milos Opravil, Enos Bernasconi, Patrick Schmid, Huldrych F Günthard, Matthias Cavassini, and the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Protein Detection in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Many-Faceted Picture

Purpose: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite intensive biomarker studies, a consensual method for assessing EGFR protein expression is still lacking. Here we set out to compare three EGFR detection methods in tumor specimens from HNSCC patients. Experimental Design: Tumors were prospectively excised from a series of 79 high-risk HNSCC patients enrolled in a GORTEC-sponsored clinical trial. EGFR expression was determined using a ligand-binding assay on membranes, Western blotting (WB) on membranes and total homogenates, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays. In addition, phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) was measured by WB on membranes. Results: Distributions and ranges of tumor EGFR expression were method dependent. Moderate positive correlations (Spearman coefficient r ≈ 0.50) were observed between EGFR expression measured by the binding assay and WB or IHC. pEGFR levels positively and significantly correlated with total EGFR expression measured by WB or ligand binding, but not by IHC. The highest correlation (r = 0.85) was observed between EGFR and pEGFR levels, both measured by WB on membranes. Interestingly, the fraction of phosphorylated receptor (pEGFR/EGFR both measured by WB on membranes) significantly declined with increasing tumor EGFR expression, by all assessment methods used. Conclusion: This study shows significant correlations between EGFR detection methods. The observed relationships between EGFR and pEGFR indicate that high-throughput pEGFR/EGFR analyses merit further investigations and consideration for routine use in patient samples. Clin Cancer Res; 18(5); 1313–22. ©2012 AACR.
An Automated Fault Injection Technique Based on VHDL Syntax Analysis and Stratified Sampling

Soft errors, a concern for space applications in the past, became a critical issue in deep sub-micron VLSI design for the continuous technology scaling. An automated fault injection technique is employed to characterise the recovery coverage and soft error sensitivity of the VHDL based design. Lexical and syntax analysis technique is developed to perform automated fault injection task. Stratified sampling technique is used to reduce the fault injection overheads. A fault injector, HSECT (HIT soft error characterization toolkit) is developed and 3,000 soft errors are injected into a simple RISC processor, DP32-processor. The recovery coverage and soft error sensitivity of the processor are also further investigated to direct the future design of the fault- tolerant and dependable circuit.
Crystal Structure of the Tumor-promoter Okadaic Acid Bound to Protein Phosphatase-1*

Protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) plays a key role in dephosphorylation in numerous biological processes such as glycogen metabolism, cell cycle regulation, smooth muscle contraction, and protein synthesis. Microorganisms produce a variety of inhibitors of PP1, which include the microcystin class of inhibitors and okadaic acid, the latter being the major cause of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning and a powerful tumor promoter. We have determined the crystal structure of the molecular complex of okadaic acid bound to PP1 to a resolution of 1.9 Å. This structure reveals that the acid binds in a hydrophobic groove adjacent to the active site of the protein and interacts with basic residues within the active site. Okadaic acid exhibits a cyclic structure, which is maintained via an intramolecular hydrogen bond. This is reminiscent of other macrocyclic protein phosphatase inhibitors. The inhibitor-bound enzyme shows very little conformational change when compared with two other PP1 structures, except in the inhibitor-sensitive β12-β13 loop region. The selectivity of okadaic acid for protein phosphatases-1 and -2A but not PP-2B (calcineurin) may be reassessed in light of this study.