Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Full-Duplex Relaying With Joint Antenna-Relay Selection and Self-Interference Suppression

In this paper, we propose a joint relay and transmit/ receive (Tx/Rx) antenna mode selection scheme (RAMS) in the general full-duplex (FD) relay networks consisting of one source, one destination, and N FD amplify-and-forward (AF) relays. Each FD relay is equipped with two antennas, one for receiving and the other for transmitting. In the proposed scheme, each antenna of the FD relay is able to transmit/receive the signal. Each relay adaptively selects its Tx antenna and Rx antenna based on the instantaneous channel conditions, and the optimal single relay with the optimal Tx/Rx antenna configuration is selected to maximize the end-to-end signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) of the FD relay system. The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed. The closed-form expressions of the outage probability, average symbol error rate, and the ergodic capacity are derived. The analytical results are verified by the simulations. To reduce the error floor and capacity ceiling caused by the self-loop interference in FD relay, we propose a RAMS scheme with adaptive power allocation (RAMS-PA). We provide an upper bound and a lower bound of the end-to-end SINR for RAMS-PA scheme, and prove that the error floor can be removed in the RAMS-PA scheme. Results show that the proposed scheme achieves an extra spatial diversity in the medium SNR region due to the FD antenna selection at the relay nodes and considerably improve the system performance compared to the conventional FD relay selection scheme with fixed relay Tx and Rx antennas.
Firm-Specific Determinants of the Real Wage

Bargaining models suggest that firm-specific variables play an important role in wage determination. Yet previous empirical studies of wage determination have largely ignored these variables. Our analysis of a large panel data set of U.S. wage contracts suggests that firm-specific variables suggested by bargaining models. such as the values of sales. the capital-labor ratio, and the financial liquidity of the firm. are important determinants of negotiated real wages.
Globalizing China: The Rise of Mainland Firms in the Global Economy

Two economic geographers survey the changing trends of China's outward foreign direct investment. Based on materials derived from original field work as well as published studies, they shed light on the major mechanisms through which mainland China's leading firms have successfully ventured abroad, as evidenced by proposed or realized acquisitions of significant corporate entities in the United States, Africa, Europe, and elsewhere in Asia. The authors argue for a political-economy approach to understanding "globalizing China," a complex phenomenon whereby the Chinese state is strategically and intricately enmeshed with the corporate interests of its leading business firms. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F23, L21, L22, M16. 3 figures, 3 tables, 128 references.
The Levels of Evidence and Their Role in Evidence-Based Medicine

As the name suggests, evidence-based medicine (EBM), is about finding evidence and using that evidence to make clinical decisions. A cornerstone of EBM is the hierarchical system of classifying evidence. This hierarchy is known as the levels of evidence. Physicians are encouraged to find the highest level of evidence to answer clinical questions. Several papers published in Plastic Surgery journals concerning EBM topics have touched on this subject. 1–6 Specifically, previous papers have discussed the lack of higher level evidence in PRS and need to improve the evidence published in the journal. Before that can be accomplished, it is important to understand the history behind the levels and how they should be interpreted. This paper will focus on the origin of levels of evidence, their relevance to the EBM movement and the implications for the field of plastic surgery as well as the everyday practice of plastic surgery.
MEDICIÓN MULTIDIMENSIONAL DE LA POBREZA EN MÉXICO: SIGNIFICANCIA ESTADÍSTICA EN LA INCLUSIÓN DE DIMENSIONES NO MONETARIAS

La pobreza es multidimensional. Identificar las variables relevantes para el analisis depende de su sustitucion o complementariedad, dado que existen atributos altamente correlacionados con el ingreso. Asimismo, hay atributos debilmente relacionados y es donde la multidimensionalidad adquiere relevancia. Al utilizar la ENNViH, este articulo incorpora dimensiones debilmente� correlacionadas con el ingreso y presenta dos ejercicios mostrando, primero, la probabilidad de caer en pobreza segun distintos indicadores, segundo, la magnitud del error de exclusion al adoptar una medida monetaria frente a dicha probabilidad. La conclusion es que, el error de exclusion aumenta, particularmente, en el caso de la pobreza moderada
The demand for cheese in the United States: The role of household composition

Cheese consumption has been expanding at a time when demand for other dairy products has remained relatively constant. To examine factors affecting this demand, a Heckman sample selection model is used to obtain at-home demand function parameter estimates for several cheese varieties. Within this model, cheese adult equivalence scales (CAES) are used to quantify the relationship between age|gender distribution of household members and cheese consumption. Significant variation in cheese adult equivalent profiles was found for the cheese types analyzed.
State and national factors in gubernatorial and senatorial elections

Theory: Voters link candidates for govemor and senator to the president through partisanship. However, voters also distinguish between the functional responsibilities that govemors and U.S. senators have regarding the health of state and national economies, respectively. Hypotheses: Voting in elections for both governor and senator should respond to presidential approval. Voting in senate elections should respond to evaluations of the national economy while voting in gubernatorial elections should respond to evaluations of the state economy. Method: We replicate Atkeson and Partin's (1995) analysis of American National Election Studies (ANES) date controlling for the pooled and clustered nature of the data. We then crossvalidate their study using media exit polls. Results: Our analysis confirms the above hypotheses, which contrasts with the findings of Atkeson and Partin (1995). These differences result from controlling for the pooled and clustered nature of the data and from the well-documented misreport problem in the ANES data.
Auditee Strategies: An Investigation of Auditees’ Reactions to the Norwegian State Audit Institution’s Performance Audits

This article contributes to theory on accountability—how it is played out and responded to. It uses the Norwegian State Audit Institution as an illustration. The responses of the audited entities to the SAI’s institutional pressure were identified through an analysis of four different cases. Four auditee strategies were identified. They indicate that the performance audit has impact when the auditees agree with the conclusions of the SAI. Sanctions from the control committee and the Parliament are equally important. Even though the extent of sanctions and conflict of opinion matter for the auditees’ responses, the effects are context dependent.
File System As-a-Service: Providing Transient and Consistent Views of Files to Cooperating Applications in Clouds

The current implementations of File System for distributed environments are mainly storage-oriented, have rigid schemas and are little configurable. These aspects make them unsuitable for handling the dynamicity of cloud environments. In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of File System as a Services (FSaaS), providing an high configurable cloud service that enables distributed applications to define their own rules and policies for managing sets of files shared among themselves. In particular, the FSaaS aims to create a logical virtual space, containing references to shared files, whose management layer supports the same functionalities of a file system (i.e. basic file operations), but where each single file can have different policies for consistency, synchronization, security, replication and accessing rules. This introductory work illustrates some design considerations and the basic architecture of the proposed service.
Oncolytic virus-mediated manipulation of DNA damage responses: synergy with chemotherapy in killing glioblastoma stem cells.

BACKGROUND Although both the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) and oncolytic viruses hold promise for treating glioblastoma, which remains uniformly lethal, the effectiveness of combining the two treatments and the mechanism of their interaction on cancer stem cells are unknown. METHODS We investigated the efficacy of combining TMZ and the oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) G47Δ in killing glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), using Chou-Talalay combination index analysis, immunocytochemistry and fluorescence microscopy, and neutral comet assay. The role of treatment-induced DNA double-strand breaks, activation of DNA damage responses, and virus replication in the cytotoxic interaction between G47Δ and TMZ was examined with a panel of pharmacological inhibitors and short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of DNA repair pathways. Comparisons of cell survival and virus replication were performed using a two-sided t test (unpaired). The survival of athymic mice (n = 6-8 mice per group) bearing GSC-derived glioblastoma tumors treated with the combination of G47Δ and TMZ was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and evaluated with a two-sided log-rank test. RESULTS The combination of G47Δ and TMZ acted synergistically in killing GSCs but not neurons, with associated robust induction of DNA damage. Pharmacological and shRNA-mediated knockdown studies suggested that activated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a crucial mediator of synergy. Activated ATM relocalized to HSV DNA replication compartments where it likely enhanced oHSV replication and could not participate in repairing TMZ-induced DNA damage. Sensitivity to TMZ and synergy with G47Δ decreased with O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) expression and MSH6 knockdown. Combined G47Δ and TMZ treatment extended survival of mice bearing GSC-derived intracranial tumors, achieving long-term remission in four of eight mice (median survival = 228 days; G47Δ alone vs G47Δ + TMZ, hazard ratio of survival = 7.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.9 to 26.1, P = .003) at TMZ doses attainable in patients. CONCLUSIONS The combination of G47Δ and TMZ acts synergistically in killing GSCs through oHSV-mediated manipulation of DNA damage responses. This strategy is highly efficacious in representative preclinical models and warrants clinical translation.
Regional cleavages in Russian legislative politics, 1990–93

Despite the growing influence of the parliamentary system and at the same time of regionalist tendencies in early postcommunist Russia, little attention has so far been paid to the role of deputies in the national parliament as the agency by which contending claims were aggregated. This study focuses upon the influence of regionalism in the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia between 1990 and 1993 and its implications for future reform, including the development of federal relations. This discussion of regionalism in the Congresses leads us to the conclusion that regional socio-economic disparities affected the attitudes of deputies towards reform including possible changes in centre–periphery relations. However, the study also shows that regional interest articulation was rather chaotic, hampering the legislative process and encouraging an increasing diversity in regional patterns of reform. If the powers of the regions are to take place in a more stable manner, this study suggests, regional coordination in the central parliament should be increased.
Ontogeny‐associated changes in the cytokine responses of primitive human haemopoietic cells

Time course studies revealed that the combination of Flt‐3 ligand (FL), Steel factor (SF) and interleukin‐3 (IL‐3) did not elicit as large an amplification of the long‐term culture‐initiating cell (LTC‐IC) population in serum‐free cultures of CD34+CD38− cord blood (CB) cells as was obtained in similar cultures of adult human CD34+CD38− bone marrow (BM) cells (4‐ v 90‐fold maximum increases), even though both total and colony‐forming cell (CFC) numbers initially increased more rapidly in CB cultures. Multifactorial analysis of the short‐term (10 d) effects of different cytokines identified FL and IL‐6 in combination with the soluble IL‐6 receptor (sIL‐6R) as most important for expanding the CB LTC‐IC population. In contrast, their counterparts in adult BM were most effectively stimulated by FL, SF and IL‐3. For rapid generation of increased numbers of CFC, SF with either FL or IL‐6/sIL‐6R were found to be the most important contributors in cultures of CD34+CD38− CB cells, whereas, in analogous BM cultures, IL‐6/sIL‐6R and TPO (in addition to FL, SF and IL‐3) were required. These findings reinforce the principle of altered cytokine responsiveness as a hallmark of early haemopoietic cell differentiation and demonstrate how cytokine requirements may change during human ontogeny. Identification of conditions for optimizing the expansion of different subsets of primitive CB cells has additional important implications for clinical transplantation and gene transfer.
Managing Inclusiveness and Diversity in Teams: How Leader Inclusiveness Affects Performance through Status and Team Identity

While there is increasing pressure to work collaboratively in interprofessional teams, health professionals often continue to operate in uni-professional silos. Leader inclusiveness is directed toward encouraging and valuing the different viewpoints of diverse members within team interactions, and has significant potential to overcome barriers to interprofessional team performance. In order to better understand the influence of leader inclusiveness, we develop and investigate a model of its effect incorporating two mediated pathways. We predict that leader inclusiveness enhances interprofessional team performance through an increase in shared team identity and a reduction in perceived status differences, and we argue that the latter pathway is contingent on professional diversity. Data from 346 members of 75 teams support our model, with team identity and perceived status differences mediating a significant effect of leader inclusiveness on performance. In addition, we found support for the moderating role of professional diversity. The results reinforce the critical role of leader inclusiveness in diverse teams, particularly interprofessional teams, and suggest that social identity and perceived status differences are critical factors mediating its impact on performance
Lodging industry competitive strategies: Developing a multidimensional causal empirical model to test the relationship between strategy and performance

Abstract Over the past two decades, hospitality strategy researchers have made several attempts to develop models aimed at capturing the competitive strategies of hospitality firms. These efforts, although comprehensive in their own respect, were unable to verify the applicability of models proposed by Porter (1980) and Miles and Snow (1978) to the hospitality industry. The objective of this article is to develop a multidimensional causal model for the lodging industry, primarily using Porter (1980, 1985), that addresses the complexity and multivariate nature of relationships making up the strategy construct. This model, once tested, will provide lodging strategic business unit managers an overall strategic orientation as well as a resource allocation decision framework for their firms.
The Effect of Cross-Channel Price Dis/parity on Ethicality Evaluations and Purchase Intent: The Moderating Role of Price Frame

Using a scenario-based survey with a factorial between-subject experimental design, this study examines the effect of price dis/parity across multiple channels of distribution on customers' ethicality evaluations and purchase intent, with the focus on the moderating role of price frame. Results show that when the varying prices of the disparity policy were all lower than or equal to the uniform price of the parity policy, consumers did not evaluate the disparity policy as significantly less ethical than the parity policy, and were more likely to purchase from the firm with the disparity policy. However, when at least one of the varying prices of the disparity policy was higher than the uniform price of the parity policy, they evaluated the disparity policy as less ethical, and, therefore, were more likely to purchase from the firm with the parity policy, despite price incentives offered by the disparity policy. This finding suggests that the success of a cross-channel price disparity policy depends on the price frame.
A macroeconomic model for South Africa: a non-linear econometric modelling approach.

Econometric models are often made up of assumptions that never truly match reality. One of the most challenged requirements is that the coefficients of econometric models remain constant over time, in the sense that it is assumed that the future will be similar to the past. If the assumption of constant coefficients is not satisfied, any conclusions reached from normal (constant coefficient) models will be biased. Another, very closely related, contested assumption is that the functional form (usually linear) of a model remains unchanged over time. The theory of linearity has long been the centre of all econometric model-building. According to Teräsvirta (1994), if linear estimates were not successful in practice, they would have been forsaken long ago, and this has certainly not been the case. Quite the opposite has been experienced: some very influential ideas based on the linear relationships between variables, like cointegration analysis, have been established. Nonetheless, there are definite situations in which linear models are unable to grasp the underlying economic theory of the data accurately. This article addresses the problem of non-linearity by applying smooth transition autoregressive (STAR) specifications to an existing simultaneous macroeconomic model of the South African economy. The results support the view that non-linear models provide better forecasts than linear specifications of equations.
Promoting programme gap awareness as a method of effective public strategic management

Abstract This study explores strategic awareness and its implications for strategic planning in public organizations. The expectation is that better awareness of emergent strategies is the basis of effective strategic thinking and planning. An action research study was performed at the Municipality of Milan. The results highlight some relevant drivers promoting strategic awareness: (i) a mindset change from an internal view to an external needs coverage analysis, (ii) the use of horizontal staff involvement to avoid responsibility issues in a structured strategic thinking process and (iii) total disclosure within a ‘window of opportunity’ to show the structural impossibility of reaching universal coverage.
Sick of Being Unemployed? Interactions between Unemployment and Sickness Insurance

This paper examines the incentive effects of interactions between unemployment insurance (UI) and sickness insurance (SI), two important components of Sweden's social insurance system. The main topic is how the sickness-report rate among the unemployed is affected by (i) the limit of 300 workdays for UI benefits, and (ii) the difference in maximum compensation between UI and SI benefits. Results obtained by duration analysis suggest that sick reports increase as the UI benefit expiration date approaches. There is also evidence of an incentive effect on the sick-report rate because SI offers higher compensation than UI.
Top Incomes and Top Taxes in Germany

We analyze the distribution and taxation of top incomes in Germany during the 1990s on the basis of individual tax returns data. We derive a measure of economic income from taxable gross income as reported in the tax returns. Thanks to complete sampling, we can deliver a very precise description of very high incomes, in terms of both distribution and composition by source. We also provide a measure of the effective average rate of taxation for various income groups. Our main findings are as follows: (i) incomes are highly concentrated in Germany, more than commonly thought; (ii) the German economic elite relies much less than elites in France or the US upon income from wages and salaries; (iii) income taxes are highly concentrated in Germany, more than commonly thought; (iv) although effective tax rates are significantly lower than statutory ones, the income tax is effectively progressive; (v) income taxation substantially reduces income inequality in Germany.
Zero-knowledge proofs in theory and practice

Zero-knowledge proof schemes are one of the main building blocks of modern cryptography. Using the Helios voting protocol as a practical example, we show mistakes in the previous understanding of these proof schemes and the resulting security problems. We proceed to deVne a hierarchy of security notions that solidiVes our understanding of proof schemes: weak proof schemes, strong proof schemes and multi-proofs. We argue that the problems in Helios result from its use of weak proofs and show how these proofs can be made strong. We provide the Vrst proof of ballot privacy for full Helios ballots with strong proofs. In Helios, a proof scheme commonly known as Fiat-Shamir-Schnorr is used to strengthen encryption, a construction also known as Signed ElGamal or more generally, Encrypt+PoK. We show that in the Encrypt+PoK construction, our hierarchy of proof scheme notions corresponds naturally to a well-known hierarchy of security notions for public-key encryption: weak proofs yield chosen-plaintext secure encryption, strong proofs yield non-malleable encryption and multi-proofs yield chosen-ciphertext secure encryption. Next, we ask whether Signed ElGamal is chosen-ciphertext secure, a question closely related but not identical to whether Fiat-Shamir-Schnorr proofs are multi-proofs. We answer both these questions negatively: under a reasonable assumption, the failure of which would cast doubt on the security of Schnorr-like proofs, we prove that Signed ElGamal cannot be shown to be chosenciphertext secure by a reduction to the security of plain ElGamal. This answers an open question, to our knowledge Vrst asked by Shoup and Gennaro in a paper published in 1998.
Photonic band gap materials

Photonic Band Gap (PBG) materials are materials which can influence the direction that light can travel via the operation of a combination of reflection, refraction and diffraction processes. Put more simply, some wavelengths of light are forbidden to exist for waves travelling within the material in specific directions and so these wavelengths are reflected back towards the eye of the observer. The resulting ‘iridescence’ or ‘opalescence’ (and natural opals are excellent examples of photonic band gap materials), gives rise to changing colours that are dependent on the angle at which the material is viewed. Often very colourful materials as demonstrated in the images above, the colour arises not from selective absorption of certain wavelengths but from structural effects, and as such these materials are said to exhibit ‘structural colour’.