Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘I Had a Guilty Conscience Because I Wasn't Going to Marry Her’: Ethical Dilemmas for Mexican Men in their Sexual Relationships with Women

In Mexico's predominantly Catholic culture, the enjoyment of sexual rights faces many challenges, both at the political and the personal level. Although often connected, the meanings of sexuality and reproduction are fundamentally different and so, correspondingly, are possibilities for the exercise of reproductive rights versus sexual rights. Such views are ‘gendered’ by the idea that women's desire and sexual activity should be controlled and men's masculinity should be affirmed through sexual performance. Drawing on in-depth research conducted among young Mexican men in rural communities, this article examines the ‘ethics’ implicit in men's accounts when talking about sexual desires, pleasures and practices with women. Findings point to the need for a stronger ethics of sexual citizenship in Mexico as part of enabling conditions for the exercise of both men's and women's sexual rights.
Text Document Preprocessing with the Bayes Formula for Classification Using the Support Vector Machine

This work implements an enhanced hybrid classification method through the utilization of the naive Bayes approach and the support vector machine (SVM). In this project, the Bayes formula was used to vectorize (as opposed to classify) a document according to a probability distribution reflecting the probable categories that the document may belong to. The Bayes formula gives a range of probabilities to which the document can be assigned according to a predetermined set of topics (categories) such as those found in the "20 Newsgroups" data set for instance. Using this probability distribution as the vectors to represent the document, the SVM can then be used to classify the documents on a multidimensional level. The effects of an inadvertent dimensionality reduction caused by classifying using only the highest probability using the naive Bayes classifier can be overcome using the SVM by employing all the probability values associated with every category for each document. This method can be used for any data set and shows a significant reduction in training time as compared to the Lsquare method and significant improvement in the classification accuracy when compared to pure naive Bayes systems and also the TF-IDF/SVM hybrids.
String reconciliation with unknown edit distance

We consider the problem of reconciling two remote strings of arbitrary and unknown similarity using minimum communication, which is at the core of some important problems in networking, cryptography, genetic engineering, and even linguistics. Though this problem is efficiently convertible into a set reconciliation instance, for which efficient solutions exist, this conversion may introduce ambiguity in the decoding process, which may require significant communication and computational resources to resolve. We leverage some recent advances in efficient unique decodability of strings to reduce decoding ambiguity, and thus pave the way for a practical implementation of this string reconciler. For certain random strings and in some ideal cases, our approach reconciles two length n strings that differ in α edits (with α not known a priori) using O (α log2(n)) communication.
Effects of imagery copy and product samples on responses toward the product

We examined the effects of imagery copy and product samples on responses toward an apparel catalog product. The addition of product samples with or without imagery copy to a catalog page enhanced pre-purchase attitude toward the product. These treatments did not, however, affect willingness to purchase, perceived accuracy of product information, post-purchase satisfaction, or likelihood of returns. We also examined whether aspects of experiential pleasure mediated responses toward the product. Both sensory pleasure and cognitive pleasure affected attitude toward and willingness to purchase the product. We discussed considerations regarding the effectiveness of imagery copy and product samples.
The effect of water drinking, mineral starvation and salt administration on the total osmotic pressure of the blood in man, chiefly in relation to the problems of water absorption and water diuresis

THE object of this paper is firstly to study the relationship between the total osmotic pressure of the blood and water diuresis; and secondly, in the light of previous papers, to present an account of water diuresis in man and lower animals. The relationship between T.o. P.3 and diuresis after water drinking has been studied in some detail, and we describe experiments in which changes in the T.O. P. are produced by mineral starvation and by giving salt. Experimental procedure. With the human subject, blood samples were taken from the ante-cubital veins by a strictly uniform technique. The skin was cleaned and sterilized with absolute alcohol. The veins were tapped smartly to make them prominent and, after a period of about 5 sec. of venous congestion, induced by pressure of the subject's free hand upon the upper arm, a dry sterile needle connected to a dry record syringe was inserted into the vein and a sample of 4-10 c.c. of blood was removed without delay. The sample was defibrinated by shaking with glass beads for 12 min. In order to remove small particles of fibrin the de-
Lateralization of pulsed sinusoids based on interaural onset, ongoing, and offset temporal differences.

When pulsed sinusoids are presented to the ears with an interaural temporal difference but with no rise–decay time or filtering, three values of interaural time are present: onset, ongoing, and offset interaural differences. Lateral discrimination based on interaural temporal differences was studied for such stimuli. The sinusoids were either equal‐energy or constant‐intensity 65 dB SPL tones. The frequencies of the tones ranged from 150 to 4050 Hz and the durations covered a range of 2 msec–1 sec. The threshold value of interaural time obtained in the lateral discrimination task increased as a function of increasing frequency when intensity was maintained constant. When equal‐energy signals were used, the change in lateralization as a function of changes in frequency depended on signal duration. All lateral discrimination thresholds were approximately the same when the onset and offset temporal differences were reduced or eliminated by applying a bandpass filter, high‐pass filter, or a rise–decay time, or by presenting the signals with only an ongoing temporal difference. Low‐pass filtering the 4050‐Hz signals produced lateral discriminations approximately equal to those obtained with no filtering. These results suggest that low‐frequency information is the crucial variable for lateralization sinusoidal stimuli presented with onset, ongoing, and offset interaural temporal differences.
Editorial The Present and Future of Intracardiac Echocardiography for Guiding Structural Heart Disease Interventions

Novel transcatheter therapies for the treatment of valvular and congenital heart disease have increased exponentially in recent years. Parallel to this trend has been the need for multi-modality imaging in the planning, guidance, and evaluation of procedurerelated outcomes and complications. Echocardiography has played a pivotal role within the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Periprocedural invasive imaging with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), in particular three-dimensional (3D) TEE, and more recently intracardiac echocardiography (ICE), is instrumental in providing the real-time, high-resolution images of intracardiac anatomy and physiology necessary to guide a multitude of structural heart disease (SHD) interventions. With new advances in ICE, this imaging technique is an attractive alternative to TEE with potential for continued growth. Within the last decade, echocardiography has guided an increasing number of structural heart procedures with improved success. Echocardiographic assessment of patients undergoing transcatheter therapy differs from that of patients with native or prosthetic valvular disease. The European Association of Echocardiography and American Society of Echocardiography have recognized the need for informed evaluation and have established guideline recommendations to include the newest SHD procedures: transcatheter aortic valve implantation, paravalvular regurgitation repair, and mitral valve interventions. As the field rapidly grows to incorporate other SHD therapies, there is an increasing demand for ultrasound imaging to be performed by the interventionalist and a reduced need for general anesthesia. In addition, there are other identifiable limitations to TEE. Visualization of more anterior structures may be limited due to a lack of far-field exposure and shadowing from surrounding structures may obscure the field of view. The TEE probe, on occasion, may partially obstruct the optimal fluoroscopic view for the interventionalist. Also, alternatives to TEE are sometimes necessary, especially in patients with absolute contraindications to esophageal intubation.
The relationship between moral reasoning and aggression, and the implications for practice

Abstract This paper considers the relationship between moral development and aggression. After considering the theory and research that has examined the association between immature moral reasoning and aggressive behaviour, attention will be given to the psychological mechanisms mediating this relationship. This will place moral reasoning into a wider framework of aggression, in which it is proposed that children's early socialization experiences with families and peers influence the development of moral reasoning and other social cognitive processes. These social cognitive variables, such as social information processing, cognitive distortions, and moral reasoning all play a role in how individuals behave in social situations, including the use of aggression. The practical implications of this theoretical framework for reducing aggression are then considered, including the use of multi-modal interventions such as Aggression Replacement Training.
Proactive Monitoring Via Jamming for Rate Maximization Over MIMO Rayleigh Fading Channels

Legitimately monitoring suspicious wireless communications is important for national security. In this letter, we investigate average monitoring rate maximization problem for a legitimate monitoring system, which proactively monitors a suspicious wireless link via jamming over multiple-input-multiple-output Rayleigh fading channels. We propose to approximate mutual information rates by Gaussian distributions. Furthermore, we propose low-complexity eigenvalue-based methods to calculate the means and variances of mutual information rates. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed Gaussian approximation methods perform almost the same with the method to employ true probability density functions of mutual information rates.
Embedding interprofessional learning in pre‐registration education in health and social care: evidence of cultural lag

The aim of this study is to investigate the emergent concept of cultural lag through analysis and evaluation of academic staff's engagement with an established pre-registration interprofessional learning (IPL) programme. By cultural lag is meant the apparent inability of some practitioners to commit wholeheartedly to the philosophy of IPL notwithstanding the current political and professional context. The theoretical framework adopted for this study constructs the move from uniprofessional to interprofessional education as a psychosocial transition, a process of psychological adaptation to a different social world, which may be characterized or revealed by specific language and behaviours. A qualitative survey of faculty academic staff was conducted electronically during the 2005/2006 academic year to determine the level of involvement with the programme and attitudes towards interprofessional learning. The sample comprised all 178 permanent members of academic staff and the final response was 63 (35%). Thematic, content analysis suggests that the whole meaning of the data is that academic staff see IPL as a means of promoting multi-professional working and improved professional relationships, which has the potential to promote more person-centred services and enhance care. During the analysis, it was noted that there seemed to be some dissonance between the overall approval rating for IPL and the way in which respondents expressed themselves. Some of the language used and reported behaviours are analysed and interpreted as reaction to loss and indicative of the process of psychosocial transition. It is concluded that there are signs of the phenomenon of cultural lag among the respondents. The study begins to articulate its characteristics and may be helpful in shedding some light on the attitudes and behaviours of staff who are either ambivalent or hostile to interprofessional education. It is suggested that developing and delivering interprofessional education could pose a considerable cultural challenge that cannot be ignored during curriculum development and must be taken account of when planning and managing educational change.
Novel Mechanism of Escherichia coli Porin Regulation

ABSTRACT A novel mechanism of Escherichia coli porin regulation was discovered from multicopy suppressors that permitted growth of cells expressing a mutant OmpC protein in the absence of DegP. Analyses of two suppressors showed that both substantially lowered OmpC expression. Suppression activities were confined to a short DNA sequence, which we designated ipeX for inhibition of porin expression, and to DNA containing a 3′-truncated ompR gene. The major effect of ipeX on ompC expression was exerted posttranscriptionally, whereas the truncated OmpR protein reduced ompC transcription. ipeX was localized within an untranslated region of 247 base pairs between the stop codon of nmpC—a remnant porin gene from the cryptic phage qsr′ (DLP12) genome—and its predicted Rho-independent transcriptional terminator. Interestingly, another prophage, PA-2, which encodes a porin similar to NmpC, known as Lc, has sequences downstream from lc identical to that of ipeX. PA-2 lysogenization leads to Lc expression and OmpC inhibition. Our data show that the synthesis of the lc transcript, whose 3′ end contains the corresponding ipeX sequence, inhibits OmpC expression. Overexpression of ipeX RNA inhibited both OmpC and OmpF expression but not that of OmpA. ompC-phoA chimeric gene constructs revealed a 248-bp untranslated region of ompC required for ipeX-mediated inhibition. However, no sequence complementarity was found between ipeX and this region of ompC, indicating that inhibition may not involve simple base pairing between the two RNA molecules. The effect of ipeX on ompC, but not on ompF, was independent of the RNA chaperone Hfq.
Postmortem proteolysis and calpain/calpastatin activity in callipyge and normal lamb biceps femoris during extended postmortem storage.

The present experiment was conducted to determine whether calpastatin inhibits only the rate, or both the rate and extent, of calpain-induced postmortem proteolysis. Biceps femoris from normal (n = 6) and callipyge (n = 6) lamb was stored for 56 d at 4 degrees C. Calpastatin activity was higher (P < .05) in the callipyge muscle at 0 and 14 d postmortem, but not at 56 d postmortem. The activity of mu-calpain did not differ between normal and callipyge biceps femoris at 0 and 56 d postmortem (P > .05), but was higher at 14 d postmortem in the callipyge muscle (P < 0.05). The activity of m-calpain was higher in the callipyge muscle (P < 0.05). Western blot analyses of titin, nebulin, dystrophin, myosin heavy chain, vinculin, alpha-actinin, desmin, and troponin-T indicated that postmortem proteolysis was less extensive in callipyge than in normal biceps femoris at all postmortem times. The results of this experiment indicate that calpastatin inhibits both the rate and extent of postmortem proteolysis.
A feature modeling approach for domain-specific requirement elicitation

In this paper, we presented an approach for domain-specific requirement elicitation. Building domain-specific software requires the expertise of people with very different background and with different levels of experience in software development. This complicates the process of requirement elicitation. The purpose of the approach is twofold. On the one hand, we want to unlock available information on requirement elicitation for particular domains. On the other hand, we want to provide a mechanism for guiding the stakeholders (non-computing as well as computing people) through the requirement elicitation process in these domains. The approach is based on Feature Modeling, a variability modeling technique used in Software Product Lines. Furthermore, a tablet app has been developed to support the approach. We demonstrate the approach for two different domains, the domain of serious games for children and the domain of e-shop web applications. A first evaluation of the approach and the tool has been done by means of two explorative case studies and resulted in positive feedbacks.
Two Methods for Wild Variational Inference

Variational inference provides a powerful tool for approximate probabilistic inference on complex, structured models. Typical variational inference methods, however, require to use inference networks with computationally tractable probability density functions. This largely limits the design and implementation of variational inference methods. We consider wild variational inference methods that do not require tractable density functions on the inference networks, and hence can be applied in more challenging cases. As an example of application, we treat stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD) as an inference network, and use our methods to automatically adjust the step sizes of SGLD to maximize its convergence speed, significantly outperforming the hand-designed step size schemes.
Epicormics in 13-year-old Quercus petraea: small effect of provenance and large influence of branches and growth unit limits

Abstract• The provenance effect on epicormics is poorly documented and restricted to epicormic shoots. Our objective was to characterize the relationship between epicormics and provenance on 13-year-old Quercus petraea trees, taking into account their growth traits. • On the growth units (GU) studied, epicormics were essentially isolated buds (95%) and they were mainly located at branch bases, secondarily on GU limits and marginally on lateral position. Provenance effect was very small on the number of epicormics and slightly larger on the number of branches and GU limits. On the contrary, the growth situation-independently from provenance-proved to have a larger effect on the 2 latter growth traits. • Altogether, these results clearly show the predominant effect of morphological traits and thus of ontogeny. This opens important research perspectives: how growth conditions and genetics (at progeny and individual levels) influence height growth, setting and fate of axillary buds on the one hand and fate of epicormic buds inserted directly on the stem, or at branch bases on the other hand. Résumé• L’effet provenance sur les épicormiques est peu documenté et concerne exclusivement les gourmands. Notre objectif était de caractériser l’effet de la provenance sur les épicormiques présents sur des chênes sessiles âgés de 13 ans, décrits par des marqueurs de croissance. • Sur les unités de croissance (UC) décrites, les épicormiques sont essentiellement des bourgeons isolés (95 %), localisés à la base de branche, puis en limite d’UC et enfin en position latérale sur le tronc. L’effet provenance s’est avéré très faible sur le nombre d’épicormiques et légèrement plus fort sur le nombre de branches et d’UC développées. À l’inverse, un effet de la situation de croissance a été noté sur les deux derniers paramètres, et ceci indépendamment de la provenance. • L’ensemble des données obtenues montre une prédominance de l’effet des marqueurs morphologiques de l’arbre sur les épicormiques, et donc de l’ontogénèse. Ceci ouvre d’intéressantes perspectives de recherche : quels sont les effets des conditions de croissance et de la génétique (au niveau descendance et individuel) sur la croissance en hauteur, la mise en place et le devenir des bourgeons axillaires d’une part, et du devenir des bourgeons épicormiques, situés directement sur la tige ou en base de branches séquentielles d’autre part.
The High-Dose Aldesleukin “Select” Trial: A Trial to Prospectively Validate Predictive Models of Response to Treatment in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: High-dose aldesleukin (HD IL2) received FDA approval for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC) in 1992, producing a 14% objective response rate (ORR) and durable remissions. Retrospective studies suggested that clinical and pathologic features could predict for benefit. The Cytokine Working Group conducted this prospective trial to validate proposed predictive markers of response to HD IL2. Experimental Design: Standard HD IL2 was administered to prospectively evaluate whether the ORR of patients with mRCC with “good” predictive pathologic features based on an “integrated selection” model [ISM (e.g., clear-cell histology subclassification and carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA-9) IHC staining] was significantly higher than the ORR of a historical, unselected population. Archived tumor was collected for pathologic analysis including tumor programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Results: One hundred and twenty eligible patients were enrolled between June 11 and September 7; 70% were Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY) intermediate risk, 96% had clear cell RCC, and 99% had prior nephrectomy. The independently assessed ORR was 25% (30/120, 95% CI, 17.5%–33.7%, P = 0.0014; 3 complete responses, 27 partial responses) and was higher than a historical ORR. Thirteen patients (11%) remained progression free at 3 years and the median overall survival was 42.8 months. ORR was not statistically different by ISM classification (“good-risk” 23% vs. “poor-risk” 30%; P = 0.39). ORR was positively associated with tumor PD-L1 expression (P = 0.01) by IHC. Conclusions: In this prospective, biomarker validation study, HD IL2 produced durable remissions and prolonged survival in both “good” and “poor-risk” patients. The proposed ISM was unable to improve the selection criteria. Novel markers (e.g., tumor PD L1 expression) appeared useful, but require independent validation. Clin Cancer Res; 21(3); 561–8. ©2014 AACR.
Student evaluations of teaching: perceptions of faculty based on gender, position, and rank

The current study explores the feelings and thoughts that faculty have about their student evaluations of teaching (SET). To assess the perceptions of SETs, all teaching faculty in one college at a western Land Grant University were asked to complete an anonymous online survey. The survey included demographic questions (i.e. gender; rank such as assistant, associate, and full professor; and positions like non-tenure track, tenure track, and tenured) as well as questions related to faculty's feelings while reading their SETs. While minimal differences were found in responses based on rank or position, several differences were found based on faculty gender. Overall, female faculty appear to be more negatively impacted by student evaluations than male faculty. These gender differences support previous research that suggests males and females receive and react differently to personal evaluation. Resultant suggestions include modifying surveys from anonymous to confidential and offering professional development training for faculty.