Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influences on Australian Parents' Values

Parental values concerning -the importance of particular qualities and skills in their children vary with both social class (or socioeconomic status) and ethnic background. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which differences in values between parents of Anglo-Australian and Italian background in Australia are attributable to differences between the groups in socioeconomic status. The extent of the significant differences between the two groups of parents varied across areas and was differentially reduced when several indicators of socioeconomic status were taken into account. In content areas concerned with conformity (for example, neatness and obedience), the highly significant ethnic background effect virtually disappeared when mother's and father's educational levels (but not father's occupation) were taken into account. In other content areas, however, the significance of ethnic background was unaffected. These findings highlight the importance of disentangling the two sets of effects and the variability of these effects across content areas and across different measures of socioeconomic status.
The Effects of Criminal Experience on the Incidence of Crime

A hypothesis has been analyzed that criminals learn by doing, that with experience criminals increase their activity so that with level outlays on police the incidence of crime may be increasing. This hypothesis is tested by statistical analysis of time series cross sectional data on crime levels, police outlays and various socioeconomic variables. The results confirm that “learning by doing”—accumulating criminal experience—increases criminal activity, that police outlays have a negative and significant effect on crime and that certain socioeconomic characteristics have a significant effect on crime.
Health Care Ethics in Vulnerable Populations: Clinical Research through the Patient's Eyes

Chronic conditions carry with them strong emotions and often lead to charged relationships between patients and their health providers and, by extension, patients and health researchers. Persons are both autonomous and relational and a purely cognitive model of autonomy neglects the social and relational basis of chronic illness. Ensuring genuine informed consent in research requires a thorough understanding of how participants perceive a study and their reasons for participation. Surveys may not capture the complexities of reasoning that underlies study participation. Contradictory reasons for participation, for instance an initial claim of altruism as rationale and a subsequent claim of personal benefit (therapeutic misconception), affect the quality of informed consent. Individuals apply principles through the filter of personal values and lived experience. Authentic autonomy, and hence authentic consent to research, occurs within the context of patients’ unique life narratives and illness experiences. Keywords—ethical dilemmas, open source technology, patient education, psychology of decision making
Mobility Aware Distributed Topology Control in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks Using Mobility Pattern Matching

Topology control algorithms in mobile ad-hoc networks aim to reduce the power consumption while keeping the topology connected. These algorithms can preserve network resources and increase network capacity. However, few efforts have focused on the issue of topology control in presence of node mobility. One of the notable mobility aware topology control protocols is the “Mobility Aware Distributed Topology Control Protocol”. The main drawback of this protocol is on its mobility prediction method. This prediction method assumes linear movements and is unable to cope with sudden changes in the mobile node movements. In this paper, we propose a pattern matching based mobility prediction method in which every mobile node predicts its future location through finding similar patterns in its history of movements. Simulation results show significant improvements in terms of prediction accuracy and power consumption compared to the other known algotithms.
Calcium imaging with genetically encoded indicators in behaving primates

Understanding the neural basis of behaviour requires studying brain activity in behaving subjects using complementary techniques that measure neural responses at multiple spatial scales, and developing computational tools for understanding the mapping between these measurements. Here we report the first results of widefield imaging of genetically encoded calcium indicator (GCaMP6f) signals from V1 of behaving macaques. This technique provides a robust readout of visual population responses at the columnar scale over multiple mm2 and over several months. To determine the quantitative relation between the widefield GCaMP signals and the locally pooled spiking activity, we developed a computational model that sums the responses of V1 neurons characterized by prior single unit measurements. The measured tuning properties of the GCaMP signals to stimulus contrast, orientation and spatial position closely match the predictions of the model, suggesting that widefield GCaMP signals are linearly related to the summed local spiking activity. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.16178. 001
Predicting where we look from spatiotemporal gaps

When we are watching videos, there exist spatiotemporal gaps between where we look and what we focus on, which result from temporally delayed responses and anticipation in eye movements. We focus on the underlying structures of those gaps and propose a novel method to predict points of gaze from video data. In the proposed methods, we model the spatiotemporal patterns of salient regions that tend to be focused on and statistically learn which types of the patterns strongly appear around the points of gaze with respect to each type of eye movements. It allows us to exploit the structures of gaps affected by eye movements and salient motions for the gaze-point prediction. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed with several public datasets.
Increased endogenous H 2 S generation by CBS , CSE and 3 MST 1 gene therapy improves ex vivo renovascular relaxation in 2 hyperhomocysteinemia

hyperhomocysteinemia 3 4 Utpal Sen, Pushpakumar B. Sathnur*, Sourav Kundu*, Srikanth Givvimani, Denise M. 5 Coley, Paras K. Mishra, Natia Qipshidze, Neetu Tyagi, Naira Metreveli and Suresh C. 6 Tyagi 7 8 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 9 Louisville, Kentucky 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Running title: H2S improves vascular function in HHcy 18 19 20 *These authors contributed equally 21 22 23 Address correspondence to: 24 Utpal Sen, Ph.D. 25 500 South Preston St, A-1115 26 University of Louisville 27 Louisville, KY-40202 28 Phone: 502-852-2030 29 Fax: 502-852-6239 30 Email: u0sen001@louisville.edu 31 Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol (April 18, 2012). doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00398. 2011
Clustering algorithm for F0 curves based on hidden Markov models

This article describes a new unsupervised methodology to learn F0 classes using HMM on a syllable basis. A F0 class is represented by a HMM with three emitting states. The unsupervised clustering algorithm relies on an iterative gaussian splitting and EM retraining process. First, a single class is learnt on a training corpus (8000 syllables) and it is then divided by perturbing gaussian means of successive levels. At each step, the mean RMS error is evaluated on a validation corpus (3000 syllables). The algorithm stops automatically when the error becomes stable or increases. The syllabic structure of a sentence is the reference level we have taken for F0 modelling even if the methodology can be applied to other structures. Clustering quality is evaluated in terms of cross-validation using a mean of RMS errors between F0 contours on a test corpus and the estimated HMM trajectories. The results show a pretty good quality of the classes (mean RMS error around 4Hz).
Function of Rho GTPases in embryonic blood cell migration in Drosophila

Hemocyte development in the Drosophila embryo is a genetic model to study blood cell differentiation, cell migration and phagocytosis. Macrophages, which make up the majority of embryonic hemocytes, migrate extensively as individual cells on basement membrane-covered surfaces. The molecular mechanisms that contribute to this migration process are currently not well understood. We report the generation, by P element replacement, of two Gal4 lines that drive expression of UAS-controlled target genes during early (gcm-Gal4) or late (Coll-Gal4) stages of macrophage migration. gcm-Gal4 is used for live imaging analysis showing that macrophages extend large, dynamic lamellipodia as their main protrusions as well as filopodia. We use both Gal4 lines to express dominantnegative and constitutively active isoforms of the Rho GTPases Rac1, Cdc42, Rho1 and RhoL in macrophages, and complement these experiments by analyzing embryos mutant for Rho GTPases. Our findings suggest that Rac1 and Rac2 act redundantly in controlling migration and lamellipodia formation in Drosophila macrophages, and that the third Drosophila Rac gene, Mtl, makes no significant contribution to macrophage migration. Cdc42 appears not to be required within macrophages but in other tissues of the embryo to guide macrophages to the ventral trunk region. No evidence was found for a requirement of Rho1 or RhoL in macrophage migration. Finally, to estimate the number of genes whose zygotic expression is required for macrophage migration we analyzed 208 chromosomal deletions that cover most of the Drosophila genome. We find eight deletions that cause defects in macrophage migration suggesting the existence of approximately ten zygotic genes essential for macrophage migration.
Cigarette smoking and suicidal behaviour: results from a 25-year longitudinal study

Background This study examined the associations between cigarette smoking and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, both before and after control for potentially confounding using fixed effects regression models. Method Data were gathered during the Christchurch Health and Development Study, a 25-year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of New Zealand children (635 males, 630 females). The analysis was based on a sample of 1041 participants with available data on cigarette smoking and suicidal behaviour from ages 16 to 25 years. The main outcome measures were suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, ages 16–18, 18–21, and 21–25. Results There were significant bivariate associations between the frequency of cigarette smoking and both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Cohort members who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day had odds of suicidal ideation that were 3.39 times (95% CI 2.06–5.59) those of non-smokers, and odds of suicide attempt that were 4.39 (95% CI 2.18–8.85) times those of non-smokers. Control for non-observed fixed confounding factors reduced the association between cigarette smoking and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts to statistical non-significance. After adjustment, those smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day had odds of suicidal ideation that were 1.00 times (95% CI 0.46–2.18) those of non-smokers, and odds of suicide attempt that were 1.84 (95% CI 0.81–4.18) times those of non-smokers. Conclusions The findings suggest that the associations between frequency of cigarette smoking and suicidal behaviour may largely be explained by the non-observed background factors and life circumstances that are associated with both cigarette smoking and suicidal behaviour.
The “Secret” in Secretions: Methodological Considerations in Deciphering Primate Olfactory Communication

Olfactory communication in primates is gaining recognition; however, studies on the production and perception of primate scent signals are still scant. In general, there are five tasks to be accomplished when deciphering the chemical signals contained in excretions and secretions: (1) obtaining the appropriate samples; (2) extracting the target organic compounds from the biological matrix; (3) separating the extracted compounds from one another (by gas chromatography, GC or liquid chromatography, LC); (4) identifying the compounds (by mass spectrometry, MS and associated procedures); and (5) revealing biologically meaningful patterns in the data. Ultimately, because some of the compounds identified in odorants may not be relevant, associated steps in understanding signal function involve verifying the perception or biological activity of putative semiochemicals via (6) behavioral bioassays or (7) receptor response studies. This review will focus on the chemical analyses and behavioral bioassays of volatile, primate scent signals. Throughout, we highlight the potential pitfalls of working with highly complex, chemical matrices and suggest ways for minimizing problems. A recurring theme in this review is that multiple approaches and instrumentation are required to characterize the full range of information contained in the complex mixtures that typify primate or, indeed, many vertebrate olfactory cues. Only by integrating studies of signal production with those verifying signal perception will we better understand the function of olfactory communication. Am. J. Primatol. 75:621–642, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Practical Text Summarizer by Paragraph Extraction for Thai

In this paper, we propose a practical approach for extracting the most relevant paragraphs from the original document to form a summary for Thai text. The idea of our approach is to exploit both the local and global properties of paragraphs. The local property can be considered as clusters of significant words within each paragraph, while the global property can be though of as relations of all paragraphs in a document. These two properties are combined for ranking and extracting summaries. Experimental results on real-world data sets are encouraging.
On the Uses of Members' Responses to Researchers' Accounts

Ethnographic field research has oscillated between suspicion and celebration of members' representations of social reality. The emergence of phenomenologically oriented approaches in the social sciences has resulted in a shift toward the latter position. Indeed, the member's voice has been endowed with such authority that some have suggested that members' responses to a researcher's description comprise a significant measure of the description's adequacy. Using actual episodes in which research findings were presented to members of psychiatric emergency teams, the paper examines the dynamics and problematics of so-called "member validation procedures. " Attention is focussed on the ambiguous, interactionally negotiated and politically charged nature of such transactions. Although it is proposed that these transactions are as problematic as any other, they are not to be discounted as a resource for research. Indeed, it is precisely because validation episodes often comprise intense moments of organizational.
Pathogen Inactivation of Platelet and Plasma Blood Components for Transfusion Using the INTERCEPT Blood SystemTM

Background: The transmission of pathogens via blood transfusion is still a major threat. Expert conferences established the need for a pro-active approach and concluded that the introduction of a pathogen inactivation/reduction technology requires a thorough safety profile, a comprehensive pre-clinical and clinical development and an ongoing hemovigilance program. Material and Methods: The INTERCEPT Blood System utilizes amotosalen and UVA light and enables for the treatment of platelets and plasma in the same device. Preclinical studies of pathogen inactivation and toxicology and a thorough program of clinical studies have been conducted and an active hemovigilance-program established. Results: INTERCEPT shows robust efficacy of inactivation for viruses, bacteria (including spirochetes), protozoa and leukocytes as well as large safety margins. Furthermore, it integrates well into routine blood center operations. The clinical study program demonstrates the successful use for very diverse patient groups. The hemovigilance program shows safety and tolerability in routine use. Approximately 700,000 INTERCEPT-treated products have been transfused worldwide. The system is in clinical use since class III CE-mark registration in 2002. The safety and efficacy has been shown in routine use and during an epidemic. Conclusion: The INTERCEPT Blood System for platelets and plasma offers enhanced safety for the patient and protection against transfusion-transmitted infections.
EAalo: Enhanced coflow scheduling without prior knowledge in a datacenter network

Coflow scheduling without prior knowledge has been proposed recently. However, the previous solution, Aalo, has two problems: it does not explicitly control the flow rate; it assumes the network is ideally non-blocking (with perfect traffic balancing and no oversubscription). In this paper, we show the performance loss caused by the above two problems. We propose EAalo to cope with the problems. It has three enhancements to Aalo: per-flow bandwidth enforcement, centralized traffic balancing and oversubscription adaption. We evaluate EAalo with simulations. The simulation results show that EAalo has much better performance than Aalo. It can speed up coflow completion by up to 11%, 17% and 19% in non-blocking networks, networks without oversubscription and networks with 2∶1 oversubscription respectively.
Culturally Different Students in Special Education: Looking Backward to Move Forward

As the “land of opportunity” and arguably the greatest country in the world, the United States continues to change—culturally, racially, and linguistically. Reports abound regarding the changing demographics of the country and its schools. Over a 2-decade span (1989–2009), the percentage of “minority” students in public schools (referring to Hispanic American, African American, Asian American, and Native American students) increased from 32% to 45%. This trend is expected to continue, with these 4 groups soon becoming the numerical majority nationally, as is the case already in many school districts. With these changes come growing pains. Special education often receives attention, including debates and litigation, regarding disproportionality or overrepresentation, particularly among African American students (especially males). This albatross has plagued the field for decades. This article presents an overview of demographics in schools and special education, discusses overrepresentation, and provides suggestions for much-needed changes now and in the future. It is guided by the primary question: What does the future hold for Black, Hispanic, and English language learners in special education?
Portfolio Rebalancing and the Turn‐of‐the‐Year Effect

This paper finds that, for the 1935-86 period, the market's risk-return relation does not have a January seasonal. The findings differ from those of other studies due to the use of value-weighted, rather than equally-weighted, portfolios. Inferences are sensitive to the weighting procedure because of the small-firm return patterns in January. In particular, even in those Januaries for which the market return is negative, small-firm returns are positive, and they are more positive the higher is beta. This is consistent with the portfolio rebalancing explanation of the turn-of-the-year effect. Copyright 1989 by American Finance Association.
IP Network Configuration for Traffic Engineering

Traac engineering involves tuning a network's path-selection, link-scheduling, and buuer-management policies to the prevailing traac demands and performance requirements. EEective traac engineering requires an accurate, network-wide view of the conngura-tion of the routers. However, network operators have limited tools to aid in connguring large backbone networks. Connguring IP routers is extremely complicated, due to the diversity of network equipment, the large number of connguration options, and the interaction of connguration parameters across multiple routers. Manual connguration of individual routers can introduce errors and inconsistencies with unforeseen consequences for the operational network. In this paper, we discuss a methodology for obtaining an abstract, network-wide view of an IP backbone network that supports a wide variety of traac-engineering tasks. We show how the network model can be populated from router connguration les and explain how, almost as a by-product, to check the correct-ness and consistency of the network connguration. Then, we describe the operational requirements on collection of the connguration data, evolution of the network model, and customization to a particular network. Finally, we describe the tool, netdb, that has been developed in collaboration with AT&T IP Services.
Learning Defining Features for Categories

Categories play a fundamental role in human cognition. Defining features (short for DFs) are the key elements to define a category, which enables machines to categorize objects. Categories enriched with their DFs significantly improve the machine's ability of categorization and benefit many applications built upon categorization. However, defining features can rarely be found for categories in current knowledge bases. Traditional efforts such as manual construction by domain experts are not practical to find defining features for millions of categories. In this paper, we make the first attempt to automatically find defining features for millions of categories in the real world. We formalize the defining feature learning problem and propose a bootstrapping solution to learn defining features from the features of entities belonging to a category. Experimental results show the effectiveness and efficiency of our method. Finally, we find defining features for overall 60,247 categories with acceptable accuracy.
Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the rowe score for portuguese

OBJECTIVE: To translate and culturally adapt the Rowe score for use in Brazil. METHODS: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation process initially involved the steps of translation, synthesis, back-translation and revision by the Translation Group. The pre-final version of the questionnaire was then created. The Stability and Function fields were applied to 20 patients with anterior shoulder luxation, and the Mobility field was applied to 20 health professionals. RESULTS: It was found that some of the patients had difficulty understanding some of the expressions of the questionnaire, so these were replaced with terms that were easier to understand. All health professionals understood the translation of the Mobility field. The altered questionnaire was then reapplied to another 20 patients, and this time it was understood by all the assessed subjects. CONCLUSION: After a careful process of translation and cultural adaptation, a definitive version of the Rowe questionnaire was obtained in Brazilian Portuguese. Level of Evidence II, Development of diagnostic criteria on consecutive patients.