Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Analysis of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Quality Improvement of Purple Cabbage under Different Combinations of Monochromatic Light

Light is essential for plant growth. Light intensity, photoperiod, and light quality all affect plant morphology and physiology. Compared to light intensity, photoperiod, little is known about the effects of different monochromatic lights on crop species. To investigate how different lighting conditions influence crops with heterogeneous colors in leaves, we examined photosynthetic characteristics and quality (regarding edibility and nutrition) of purple cabbage under different combinations of lights. Eight different treatments were applied including monochromic red (R), monochromic blue (B), monochromic yellow (Y), monochromic green (G), and the combination of red and blue (3/1, RB), red/blue/yellow (3/1/1, RBY), red/blue/green (3/1/1,RBG), and white light as the control. Our results indicate that RBY (3/1/1) treatment promotes the PSII activity of purple cabbage, resulting in improved light energy utilization. By contrast, both G and Y lights alone have inhibitory effect on the PSII activity of purple cabbage. In addition, RBY (3/1/1) significantly boosts the anthocyanin and flavonoids content compared with other treatments. Although we detected highest soluble protein and vitamin C content under B treatment (increased by 30.0 and 14.3% compared with the control, respectively), RBY (3/1/1) appeared to be the second-best lighting condition (with soluble protein and vitamin C content increased by 8.6 and 4.1%, respectively compared with the control). Thus we prove that the addition of yellow light to the traditional combination of red/blue lighting conditions is beneficial to synthesizing photosynthetic pigments and enables superior outcome of purple cabbage growth. Our results indicate that the growth and nutritional quality of purple cabbage are greatly enhanced under RBY (3/1/1) light, and suggest that strategical management of lighting conditions holds promise in maximizing the economic efficiency of plant production and food quality of vegetables grown in controlled environments.
Similarity measures for tracking information flow

Text similarity spans a spectrum, with broad topical similarity near one extreme and document identity at the other. Intermediate levels of similarity -- resulting from summarization, paraphrasing, copying, and stronger forms of topical relevance -- are useful for applications such as information flow analysis and question-answering tasks. In this paper, we explore mechanisms for measuring such intermediate kinds of similarity, focusing on the task of identifying where a particular piece of information originated. We consider both sentence-to-sentence and document-to-document comparison, and have incorporated these algorithms into <small>RECAP</small>, a prototype information flow analysis tool. Our experimental results with <small>RECAP</small> indicate that new mechanisms such as those we propose are likely to be more appropriate than existing methods for identifying the intermediate forms of similarity.
When Is Evidence Enough Evidence? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Trabectome as a Solo Procedure in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the availability of evidence for one of the earliest available minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) procedures, the Trabectome. Various databases were searched up to December 20, 2016, for any published studies assessing the use of the Trabectome as a solo procedure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated for the change in intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of glaucoma mediations used at 1-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up. After screening, three studies and one abstract with analyzable data were included. The meta-analysis showed statistically significant reductions in IOP and number of glaucoma medications used at all time points. Though the Trabectome as a solo procedure appears to lower IOP and reduces the number of glaucoma medications, more high-quality studies are required to make definitive conclusions. The difficulty of obtaining evidence may be one of the many obstacles that limit a full understanding of the potential safety and/or efficacy benefits compared to standard treatments. The time has come for a thoughtful and integrated approach with stakeholders to determine optimal access to care strategies for our patients.
Comparing Effects of 2-D and 3-D Visual Cues During Aurally Aided Target Acquisition

The aim of the present study was to investigate interactions between vision and audition during a visual target acquisition task performed in a virtual environment. In two experiments, participants were required to perform an acquisition task guided by auditory and/or visual cues. In both experiments the auditory cues were constructed using virtual 3-D sound techniques based on nonindividualized head-related transfer functions. In Experiment 1 the visual cue was constructed in the form of a continuously updated 2-D arrow. In Experiment 2 the visual cue was a nonstereoscopic, perspective-based 3-D arrow. The results suggested that virtual spatial auditory cues reduced acquisition time but were not as effective as the virtual visual cues. Experiencing the 3-D perspective-based arrow rather than the 2-D arrow produced a faster acquisition time not only in the visually aided conditions but also when the auditory cues were presented in isolation. Suggested novel applications include providing 3-D nonstereoscopic, perspective-based visual information on radar displays, which may lead to a better integration with spatial virtual auditory information.
Validation and clinical utility of a 70-gene prognostic signature for women with node-negative breast cancer.

BACKGROUND A 70-gene signature was previously shown to have prognostic value in patients with node-negative breast cancer. Our goal was to validate the signature in an independent group of patients. METHODS Patients (n = 307, with 137 events after a median follow-up of 13.6 years) from five European centers were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on the gene signature classification and on clinical risk classifications. Patients were assigned to the gene signature low-risk group if their 5-year distant metastasis-free survival probability as estimated by the gene signature was greater than 90%. Patients were assigned to the clinicopathologic low-risk group if their 10-year survival probability, as estimated by Adjuvant! software, was greater than 88% (for estrogen receptor [ER]-positive patients) or 92% (for ER-negative patients). Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated to compare time to distant metastases, disease-free survival, and overall survival in high- versus low-risk groups. RESULTS The 70-gene signature outperformed the clinicopathologic risk assessment in predicting all endpoints. For time to distant metastases, the gene signature yielded HR = 2.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.35 to 4.00) without adjustment for clinical risk and hazard ratios ranging from 2.13 to 2.15 after adjustment for various estimates of clinical risk; clinicopathologic risk using Adjuvant! software yielded an unadjusted HR = 1.68 (95% CI = 0.92 to 3.07). For overall survival, the gene signature yielded an unadjusted HR = 2.79 (95% CI = 1.60 to 4.87) and adjusted hazard ratios ranging from 2.63 to 2.89; clinicopathologic risk yielded an unadjusted HR = 1.67 (95% CI = 0.93 to 2.98). For patients in the gene signature high-risk group, 10-year overall survival was 0.69 for patients in both the low- and high-clinical risk groups; for patients in the gene signature low-risk group, the 10-year survival rates were 0.88 and 0.89, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The 70-gene signature adds independent prognostic information to clinicopathologic risk assessment for patients with early breast cancer.
IKAROS Deletions Dictate a Unique Gene Expression Signature in Patients with Adult B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Background Deletions of IKAROS (IKZF1) frequently occur in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) but the mechanisms by which they influence pathogenesis are unclear. To address this issue, a cohort of 144 adult B-ALL patients (106 BCR-ABL1-positive and 38 B-ALL negative for known molecular rearrangements) was screened for IKZF1 deletions by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays; a sub-cohort of these patients (44%) was then analyzed for gene expression profiling. Principal Findings Total or partial deletions of IKZF1 were more frequent in BCR-ABL1-positive than in BCR-ABL1-negative B-ALL cases (75% vs 58%, respectively, p = 0.04). Comparison of the gene expression signatures of patients carrying IKZF1 deletion vs those without showed a unique signature featured by down-regulation of B-cell lineage and DNA repair genes and up-regulation of genes involved in cell cycle, JAK-STAT signalling and stem cell self-renewal. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays we corroborated these findings both in vivo and in vitro, showing that Ikaros deleted isoforms lacked the ability to directly regulate a large group of the genes in the signature, such as IGLL1, BLK, EBF1, MSH2, BUB3, ETV6, YES1, CDKN1A (p21), CDKN2C (p18) and MCL1. Conclusions Here we identified and validated for the first time molecular pathways specifically controlled by IKZF1, shedding light into IKZF1 role in B-ALL pathogenesis.
A centralized potential field method for stable operation of a multi-robot dome inspection, repair, and maintenance system

In this paper we propose a centralized algorithm for stable operation of a multi-robot dome inspection, repair, and maintenance based on potential field method. The multi-robot system consists of two robots, a leader robot and a supporter robot, connected to each other by two strings. The follower robot sends its information to the leader robot for processing and receiving commands. The leader robot uses the friction model, the slope of the dome detected by the two robots' tilt sensors and the mass of the robots to calculate the stability ranges and determines the proper action to make the whole system stable. The leader robot moves toward its target pose while adjusting the tension of its string using potential field method to combine the attractive and repulsive potentials. The follower robot executes the commands sent by the leader robot to create the most stable configuration for the whole system. It is shown that the algorithm can guarantee stable operation all over a typical dome. The algorithm has been implemented and shown its effectiveness in simulation. Furthermore, the effect of each parameter has been discussed and it is shown that the multi-robot system is capable of completely covering a typical dome using the proposed potential field algorithm.
CO2 Abdominal Insufflation Decreases Local and Systemic Inflammatory Response in Experimental Acute Pancreatitis

Objectives: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a serious disease that is amplified by an associated systemic inflammatory response. We investigated the effect of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on the local and systemic inflammatory response in AP. Methods: Acute pancreatitis was induced in Wistar rats by 5% taurocholate intraductal injection. Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum was applied for 30 minutes before the induction of AP. Inflammatory parameters were evaluated in the peritoneum (ascites, cell number, and tumor necrosis factor &agr; [TNF-&agr;]), serum (amylase, TNF-&agr;, interleukin-6 [IL-6], and IL-10), pancreas (myeloperoxidase [MPO] activity, cyclo-oxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and histological diagnosis), liver, and lung (mitochondria dysfunction and MPO activity). Results: Abdominal insufflation with CO2 before induction of AP caused a significant decrease in ascites volume, cells, and TNF-&agr; in the peritoneal cavity and in serum TNF-&agr; and IL-6 but not IL-10 levels. In the pancreas, this treatment reduced MPO activity, acinar and fat necrosis, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase 2. There were no significant differences on serum amylase levels, liver mitochondrial function, and pulmonary MPO between groups. Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that CO2 pneumoperitoneum reduced pancreatic inflammation and attenuated systemic inflammatory response in AP. This article suggests that CO2 pneumoperitoneum plays a critical role on the better outcome in patients undergoing laparoscopic pancreatic surgery.
Multiscale modeling of macromolecular conformational changes combining concepts from rigidity and elastic network theory

The development of a two‐step approach for multiscale modeling of macromolecular conformational changes is based on recent developments in rigidity and elastic network theory. In the first step, static properties of the macromolecule are determined by decomposing the molecule into rigid clusters by using the graph‐theoretical approach FIRST and an all‐atom representation of the protein. In this way, rigid clusters are not limited to consist of residues adjacent in sequence or secondary structure elements as in previous studies. Furthermore, flexible links between rigid clusters are identified and can be modeled as such subsequently. In the second step, dynamical properties of the molecule are revealed by the rotations‐translations of blocks approach (RTB) using an elastic network model representation of the coarse‐grained protein. In this step, only rigid body motions are allowed for rigid clusters, whereas links between them are treated as fully flexible. The approach was tested on a data set of 10 proteins that showed conformational changes on ligand binding. For efficiency, coarse‐graining the protein results in a remarkable reduction of memory requirements and computational times by factors of 9 and 27 on average and up to 25 and 125, respectively. For accuracy, directions and magnitudes of motions predicted by our approach agree well with experimentally determined ones, despite embracing in extreme cases >50% of the protein into one rigid cluster. In fact, the results of our method are in general comparable with when no or a uniform coarse‐graining is applied; and the results are superior if the movement is dominated by loop or fragment motions. This finding indicates that explicitly distinguishing between flexible and rigid regions is advantageous when using a simplified protein representation in the second step. Finally, motions of atoms in rigid clusters are also well predicted by our approach, which points to the need to consider mobile protein regions in addition to flexible ones when modeling correlated motions. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Bladder Endometriosis: State of the Art

Background: The bladder is the most common affected site in urinary tract endometriosis, being diagnosed during gynecologic follow-up. The surgical urological treatment might lead to good results. Study Objective: To define the state of the art in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder endometriosis. Methods: We performed a literature review by searching the MEDLINE database for articles published between 1996 and 2011, limiting the searches to the words: urinary tract endometriosis, bladderendometriosis, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.Results: Deep pelvic endometriosis usually involves the urinary system, with the bladder being affected in 85% of cases. The diagnosis has to be considered as a step-by-step procedure. Currently, the treatment is usually surgical, consisting of either transurethral resection or partial cystectomy, and eventually associated with hormonal therapy. The hormonal therapy alone counteracts only the stimulus of endometriotic tissue proliferation, with no effects on the scarring caused by this tissue. The overall recurrence rate is about 30% for combined therapies and about 35% for the hormonal treatment alone. Conclusions: The bladder is the most common affected site in urinary tract endometriosis. Most of the time, this condition is diagnosed because of the complaint of urinary symptoms during gynecologic follow-up procedures for a deep pelvic endometriosis: a close collaboration between the gynecologist and the urologist is advisable, especially in highly specialized centers. The surgical urological treatment might lead to good results in terms of patients’ compliance and prognosis.
USARSim and HRI : from Teleoperated Cars to High Fidelity Teams

USARSim began as a human-robot interaction (HRI) research tool but has since found use in a much wider community and for purposes we had never envisioned. This paper describes a six year HRI research program at the University of Pittsburgh using the simulation. Our original work involved teleoperated control of single robots and primitive simulations. In the most recent experiment teams of operators were controlling 24 robot teams in a high fidelity environment. In between we developed and tested measures of coordination demand, tried out news ways for managing video generated by teams, and investigated scaling effects as operators controlled increasing numbers of robots. This paper provides a brief chronology of this research summarizing their designs and findings.
Detection of Intestinal Protozoa in the Clinical Laboratory

ABSTRACT Despite recent advances in diagnostic technology, microscopic examination of stool specimens remains central to the diagnosis of most pathogenic intestinal protozoa. Microscopy is, however, labor-intensive and requires a skilled technologist. New, highly sensitive diagnostic methods have been developed for protozoa endemic to developed countries, including Giardia lamblia (syn. G. intestinalis/G. duodenalis) and Cryptosporidium spp. , using technologies that, if expanded, could effectively complement or even replace microscopic approaches. To date, the scope of such novel technologies is limited and may not include common protozoa such as Dientamoeba fragilis, Entamoeba histolytica, or Cyclospora cayetanensis. This minireview describes canonical approaches for the detection of pathogenic intestinal protozoa, while highlighting recent developments and FDA-approved tools for clinical diagnosis of common intestinal protozoa.
Change Tracer: Tracking Changes in Web Ontologies

Knowledge constantly grows in scientific discourse and is revised over time by domain experts. The body of knowledge will get structured and refined as the Communities of Practice concerned with the field of knowledge develop a deeper understanding of issues. The knowledge model, as a result evolves to a new state to accommodate the new knowledge. Keeping trail of these changes in semantically rich and formally sound mechanism, has pragmatic advantages for providing the undo and redo facility and recover to a previous state of the knowledge body (i.e. ontology). In this research, we have developed and tested comprehensive methodological framework for Change Tracer. The ontology changes are captured and then stored in Change History Log (CHL) in conformance to Change History Ontology (CHO). The CHL is later used for reverting ontology to a previous consistent state and visualization of change effects on ontology. The system is compared with ChangesTab of Protégé, a comprehensive evaluation of the accuracy of roll-back and roll-forward algorithm has been conducted over Documentation ontology. The system is also tested over a standard dataset of OMV and high accuracy results are observed for both roll-back and roll-forward algorithms.
Approaches to Bootstrapping: Phonological, lexical, syntactic and neurophysiological aspects of early language acquisition. Volume 1

1. PartpIII: Interactions of Prosodic and Morphosyntactic Knowledge in Early Language Production 2. Prosodic Constraints on Morphological Development (by Demuth, Katherine) 3. The Interface of Phonology and Syntax: The emergence of the article in the early acquisition of Spanish and German (by Lleo, Conxita) 4. Interaction between Prosody and Morphosyntax: Plurals within codas in the acquisition of European Portuguese (by Freitas & Matilde Miguel, M. Joao) 5. Compounds Triggering Prosodic Development (by Fikkert, Paula) 6. Prosodic Form, Syntactic Form, Phonological Bootstrapping, and Telegraphic Speech (by Lebeaux, David) 7. From Prosody to Grammar in English: The differentiation of catenatives, modals, and auxiliaries from a single protomorpheme (by Peters, Ann M.) 8. Input and production in the early development of function words (by Stromqvist, Sven) 9. PartpIV: Neurophysiological Aspects of Language Acquisition 10. Language Development during Infancy and Early Childhood: Electrophysiological correlates (by Molfese, Dennis L.) 11. Development Patterns of Brain Activity Reflecting Semantic and Syntactic Processes (by Friederici, Angela D.) 12. Electrophysiological Studies of Language Development (by George, Marie St.) 13. PartpV: Additional Perspectives on Language Acquisition 14. Interactionist Approaches to Early Language Acquisition (by Plunkett, Kim) 15. Repertoires of Primitive Elements: Prerequisite or result of acquisition? (by Bierwisch, Manfred) 16. Developmental Trajectories of Complex Signal Systems in Animals: The model of bird song (by Hultsch, Henrieke) 17. Index
The Witness Credibility Scale: an outcome measure for expert witness research.

The judge or jury makes a subjective determination of when an expert is credible. However, no published measure exists for assessment of the credibility of expert witnesses. The current study addressed this gap by developing and cross-validating the Witness Credibility Scale (WCS). Drawing on the narrative literature, we hypothesized that credibility was a product of four factors: "likeability," "believability," "trustworthiness," and "intelligence. " A 41-item measure was initially constructed based on successive iterations of ratings by a panel of judges using items from the Osgood Semantic Differential measure and was subsequently administered to 264 undergraduates. A factor analysis of the data yielded a factor structure that consisted of four factors labeled, "knowledge," "likeability," "trustworthiness," and "confidence. " The final version of the WCS used 20 adjectives with four subscales of five items, each subscale reflecting high loadings on the respective factors. The scale was then tested in five additional studies, in which the scale successfully differentiated between groups of videotaped experts testifying in manipulated conditions. The empirical data from these studies permit a foundation for comparing outcome data in future research investigations.
Urban Nightscapes: Youth Cultures, Pleasure Spaces and Corporate Power

1. Introduction. Making urban nightscapes Part I - Understanding Nightlife Processes and Spaces, Producing, Regulating and Consuming Urban Nightscapes 2. Producing nightlife: Corporatisation, branding and market segmentation in the urban entertainment economy 3. Regulating nightlife: Profit, fun and (dis)order 4. Consuming nightlife: Youth cultural identities, transitions and lifestyle divisions Part II - Urban Nightlife Stories. Experiencing Mainstream, Residual and Alternative Spaces 5. Pleasure, profit and youth in the corporate playground: Branding and gentrification in mainstream nightlife 6. Selling nightlife in studentland 7. Sexing the mainstream: Young women and gay cultures in the night 8. Residual Youth Nightlife: Community, tradition and social exclusion 9. 'You've gotta fight for your right to party'. Alternative nightlife on the margins 10. Nightlife visions. Beyond the corporate nightlife machine