Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Waiting times and generalized Fibonacci sequences

Suppose we have a multinormal population with k possible outcomes E/sub 1/, E/sub 2/, . , E/sub k/ and associated probabilities . pi. /sub 1/, . pi. /sub 2/, . , . pi. /sub k/. At each of the independent trials, one of the outcomes is observed. One may be interested in the waiting time for the occurrence of a specified event, which consists of a succession of outcomes. In this paper, we consider the probability distribution of the waiting times associated with specified events, and show how they generalize the Fibonacci, Tribonacci, . , sequences in different ways. This is possible, since the probability generating functions of the associated waiting time random variables can be utilized to derive the probability distributions.
Vision-based human motion analysis in epilepsy - Methods and challenges

Motion is one of the most important characteristics in clinical epileptology. In developing an integrated motion analysis system for epileptic patients or children with neurological disorders (e.g. ADHD) we surveyed and analyzed current efforts in vision-based human motion analysis in epilepsy as well as all possible forms of motion typically encountered in known epileptic syndromes. This paper presents the results in a systematic way, and includes a critical discussion of methodological and scientific challenges that need to be addressed in this particular domain.
Navigating uncharted terrain: Domestic adoptions in Kenya

Over 2 million children are cared for in kinship care in Kenya, and approximately 100,000 are believed to be living in residential care centres. Under leading international policy instruments ratified and domesticated by Kenya, domestic adoption is considered an option to be promoted and regulated in ensuring children's right to family-based care. In this qualitative study, the authors interviewed 21 participants regarding the cultural and social contexts of domestic adoption in Kenya. Common beliefs and attitudes reflect a misunderstanding of the legal implications of adoption, the centrality of lineage as a vehicle for defining family membership and inheritance, and strong stigma regarding infertility. Main barriers to adoption include fear of exposing infertility, worry about corrupt practices, and reluctance to grant full inheritance rights to a child unrelated by blood. Despite these challenges, some couples are adopting to fulfil their desire for a child, as an expression of charity, and in some cases for practical reasons such as obtaining insurance for a kin child. The authors recommend placing children in adoption only with proper preparation and ethical procedures and suggest long-term approaches to promoting adoptions that will ensure full rights of family membership for the child.
Motion control of drift-free, left-invariant systems on Lie groups

In this paper we address the constructive controllability problem for drift-free, left-invariant systems on finite-dimensional Lie groups with fewer controls than state dimension. We consider small (/spl epsiv/) amplitude, low-frequency, periodically time-varying controls and derive average solutions for system behavior. We show how the pth-order average formula can be used to construct open-loop controls for point-to-point maneuvering of systems which require up to (p-1) iterations of Lie brackets to satisfy the Lie algebra controllability rank condition. In the cases p=2,3, we give algorithms for constructing these controls as a function of structure constants that define the control authority, i.e., the actuator capability, of the system. The algorithms are based on a geometric interpretation of the average formulas and produce sinusoidal controls that solve the constructive controllability problem with O(/spl epsiv//sup P/) accuracy in general (exactly if the Lie algebra is nilpotent). The methodology is applicable to a variety of control problems and is illustrated for the motion control problem of an autonomous underwater vehicle with as few as three control inputs. >
Comparing the Performance of Three Land Models in Global C Cycle Simulations: A Detailed Structural Analysis

Land models are valuable tools to understand the dynamics of global carbon (C) cycle. Various models have been developed and used for predictions of future C dynamics but uncertainties still exist. Diagnosing the models' behaviors in terms of structures can help to narrow down the uncertainties in prediction of C dynamics. In this study three widely used land surface models, namely CSIRO's Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) with 9 C pools, Community Land Model (version 3·5) combined with Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CLM‐CASA) with 12 C pools and Community Land Model (version 4) (CLM4) with 26 C pools were driven by the observed meteorological forcing. The simulated C storage and residence time were used for analysis. The C storage and residence time were computed globally for all individual soil and plant pools, as well as net primary productivity (NPP) and its allocation to different plant components' based on these models. Remotely sensed NPP and statistically derived HWSD, and GLC2000 datasets were used as a reference to evaluate the performance of these models. Results showed that CABLE exhibited better agreement with referenced C storage and residence time for plant and soil pools, as compared with CLM‐CASA and CLM4. CABLE had longer bulk residence time for soil C pools and stored more C in roots, whereas, CLM‐CASA and CLM4 stored more C in woody pools because of differential NPP allocation. Overall, these results indicate that the differences in C storage and residence times in three models are largely because of the differences in their fundamental structures (number of C pools), NPP allocation and C transfer rates. Our results have implications in model development and provide a general framework to explain the bias/uncertainties in simulation of C storage and residence times from the perspectives of model structures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive Random Key Scheme for Authentication and Key Agreement (ARKS-AKA) for efficient LTE security

Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks are getting popular every year and adding more number of users to the networks. The LTE networks offer very high transmission throughput albeit, which also attracts the hackers to the networks. The primary security has to be provided in order to prevent the attacks during the initial set up phase as well during the other network transactions. Adaptive Random Key Scheme for Authentication and Key Agreement (ARKS-AKA) is presented in this paper for efficient LTE security. ARKS-AKA is intended to reduce the delay time for the voice data delivery. The proposed model diminishes the LTE call drops due to the false positive key matching transactions. ARKS-AKA offers the lightweight key management scheme with double layer encryption contrasted with the existing model termed as Efficient Extensible Authentication Protocol-Authentication and Key Agreement (EEPS-AKA). The simulation results proved the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Extracting 3D cell parameters from dense tissue environments: application to the development of the mouse heart

MOTIVATION In developmental biology, quantitative tools to extract features from fluorescence microscopy images are becoming essential to characterize organ morphogenesis at the cellular level. However, automated image analysis in this context is a challenging task, owing to perturbations induced by the acquisition process, especially in organisms where the tissue is dense and opaque. RESULTS We propose an automated framework for the segmentation of 3D microscopy images of highly cluttered environments such as developing tissues. The approach is based on a partial differential equation framework that jointly takes advantage of the nuclear and cellular membrane information to enable accurate extraction of nuclei and cells in dense tissues. This framework has been used to study the developing mouse heart, allowing the extraction of quantitative information such as the cell cycle duration; the method also provides qualitative information on cell division and cell polarity through the creation of 3D orientation maps that provide novel insight into tissue organization during organogenesis.
Evaluation of Acyl Coenzyme A Oxidase (Aox) Isozyme Function in the n-Alkane-Assimilating YeastYarrowia lipolytica

ABSTRACT We have identified five acyl coenzyme A (CoA) oxidase isozymes (Aox1 through Aox5) in the n-alkane-assimilating yeastYarrowia lipolytica, encoded by the POX1through POX5 genes. The physiological function of these oxidases has been investigated by gene disruption. Single, double, triple, and quadruple disruptants were constructed. Global Aox activity was determined as a function of time after induction and of substrate chain length. Single null mutations did not affect growth but affected the chain length preference of acyl-CoA oxidase activity, as evidenced by a chain length specificity for Aox2 and Aox3. Aox2 was shown to be a long-chain acyl-CoA oxidase and Aox3 was found to be active against short-chain fatty acids, whereas Aox5 was active against molecules of all chain lengths. Mutations in Aox4 and Aox5 resulted in an increase in total Aox activity. The growth of mutant strains was analyzed. In the presence of POX1 only, strains did not grow on fatty acids, whereas POX4 alone elicited partial growth, and the growth of the double POX2-POX3-deleted mutant was normal excepted on plates containing oleic acid as the carbon source. The amounts of Aox protein detected by Western blotting paralleled the Aox activity levels, demonstrating the regulation of Aox in cells according to the POX genotype.
Comportements suicidaires et violences : réflexions criminologiques à partir d'une étude portant sur 21 314 jeunes recrues suisses

A partir d'une etude d'autoconfession et de victimisation realisee en 1997 et portant sur 21 314 recrues suisses âgees de 20 ans, representant 70 % de la cohorte d'âge nationale, ont ete etudies les antecedents de comportements suicidaires, de violences subies et commises, qu'elles soient legeres ou graves, dans l'annee qui precedait l'entree en ecole de recrues et au cours de leur vie. Au total, 2,6 % des recrues ont declare avoir commis au moins un geste suicidaire dans l'annee qui precedait l'entree a l'ecole de recrues (dont le tiers plusieurs gestes), 3,9 % au cours de leur vie. Le role important de l'existence de troubles psychiatriques chez les suicidants est retrouve. La presence d'une tentative de suicide dans l'annee qui precede est un marqueur de la plus grande frequence de violences commises et subies durant cette annee. Lorsqu'il s'agit de violences graves, le suicidant apparait meme plus auteur que victime de violences. Au vu de ses resultats, nous developpons la these que, dans certaines situations et pour cette population, les tentatives de suicide peuvent etre un marqueur de delinquance. Cette attitude amene a demander un plus grand suivi social des suicidants et a raisonner en termes de prise en charge, traitement et prevention a un niveau complementaire qui est communautaire. Les relations entre la suicidologie et la criminologie sont egalement examinees dans une nouvelle perspective.
Public opinion analysis based on geographical location

With the development of social network applications, an increasing number of public opinion analysis systems focus on virtual network space. However, many events in virtual network space connect strongly with the events in real physical space. To solve that problem, we propose a graphical location based topic analysis framework, which combines the geographical location information and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) based topic analysis to visually analysis the connection between visual network space and real physical space. Our experiments show that this framework is useful for emergent events including natural disaster and social unrest.
X-Ray Light Curves of Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected with the All-Sky Monitor on RXTE

We present X-ray light curves (1.5-12 keV) for 15 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the All-Sky Monitor (ASM) on the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. We compare these soft X-ray light curves with count rate histories obtained by the high-energy (>12 keV) experiments BATSE, Konus-Wind, the BeppoSAX Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor, and the burst monitor on Ulysses. We discuss these light curves within the context of a simple relativistic fireball and synchrotron shock paradigm, and we address the possibility of having observed the transition between a GRB and its afterglow. The light curves show diverse morphologies, with striking differences between energy bands. In several bursts, intervals of significant emission are evident in the ASM energy range with little or no corresponding emission apparent in the high-energy light curves. For example, the final peak of GRB 970815 as recorded by the ASM is detected only in the softest BATSE energy bands. We also study the duration of bursts as a function of energy. Simple, singly peaked bursts seem consistent with the E-0.5 power law expected from an origin in synchrotron radiation, but durations of bursts that exhibit complex temporal structure are not consistent with this prediction. Bursts such as GRB 970828 that show many short spikes of emission at high energies last significantly longer at low energies than the synchrotron cooling law would predict.
The Effects of Complex Training in Male High School Athletes on the Back Squat and Vertical Jump

Lower body muscular strength and power output are fundamental requirements for individuals seeking success in competitive athletics. The optimal resistance training protocol for improving the aforementioned attributes for high school aged male athletes is a topic of ongoing research. Purpose: This study focused on a sample of high school male athletes and examined the effects of two resistance training protocols that differed only in that one experimental group used a complex training protocol. Methods: High school male athletes (n=38; 15-18 years) were separated into two groups (RTG-resistance training group and CTG-complex training group) via a randomized matched pair design based on initial 1-RM back squat (BS) ability. Both experimental groups employed linear periodization models with respect to the BS over a 6-week resistance training intervention period with auxiliary lower body resistance training exercises (leg extensions, hamstring curls, calf raises, etc.) and volume held equal between the study groups. Additionally, the CTG performed box jumps following the BS. Dependent variables (i.e., the 1-RM BS and the vertical jump (VJ)) were collected pre and post the study intervention period. Dependent t-tests were used to compare the BS and VJ scores from pre to post study within experimental groups. Results: Both the RTG and CTG improved their lower body leg strength as measured by the 1-RM BS (p<0.01). However, only the CTG improved from pre to post study intervention for the VJ (p<0.01). Discussion: The results of this study are consistent with previous literature in that lower body strength and power will increase when pairing both the BS and explosive, ballistic type exercises in a RT protocol known as CT. Conclusion: Within the parameters of this study, CT improves both muscular strength and power output in male high school athletes.
Structural Basis for a Broad But Selective Ligand Spectrum of a Mouse Olfactory Receptor: Mapping the Odorant-Binding Site

The olfactory receptor (OR) superfamily provides a basis for the remarkable ability to recognize and discriminate a large number of odorants. In mice, the superfamily includes ∼1000 members, and they recognize overlapping sets of odorants with distinct affinities and specificities. To address the molecular basis of odor discrimination by the mammalian OR superfamily, we performed functional analysis on a series of site-directed mutants and performed ligand docking simulation studies to define the odorant-binding site of a mouse OR. Our results indicate that several amino acids in the transmembrane domains formed a ligand-binding pocket. Although other G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) recognize biogenic ligands mainly with ionic or hydrogen bonding interactions, ORs recognize odorants mostly via hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions. This accounts for the broad but selective binding by ORs as well as their relatively low ligand-binding affinities. Furthermore, we succeeded in rational receptor design, inserting point mutations in the odorant-binding site that resulted in predicted changes in ligand specificity and antagonist activity. This ability to rationally design the receptor validated the binding site structure that was deduced with our mutational and ligand docking studies. Such broad and specific sensitivity suggests an evolutionary process during which mutations in the active site led to an enormous number of ORs with a wide range of ligand specificity. The current study reveals the molecular environment of the odorant-binding site, and it further advances the understanding of GPCR pharmacology.
Density-based Pattern Discovery in Time Series

Time series data is a very common kind of data in many different fields. Despite of that, time series has not received a lot of attention in the data mining community. Unknown frequent pattern discovery is one of the core activities em many time series mining algorithms. Patterns can be used for clustering or rule mining in applications ranging from bioinformatics to network intrusion detection. Several solutions to pattern discovery have been proposed so far. However, all solutions assume centralized dataset. With increasingly development of network technology distributed data analysis has become popular, raising issues like scalability and cost minimization. Additionally, some scenarios such as mining distributed medical or financial data involves the question of how to preserve data privacy. In this paper we present a density based pattern discovery algorithm for time series, which is shown to be scalable, communication efficient and privacy-preserving. Our results are based on theoretical analysis and experiments as well.
Genetic Analysis of Israel Acute Paralysis Virus: Distinct Clusters Are Circulating in the United States

ABSTRACT Israel acute paralysis virus (IAPV) is associated with colony collapse disorder of honey bees. Nonetheless, its role in the pathogenesis of the disorder and its geographic distribution are unclear. Here, we report phylogenetic analysis of IAPV obtained from bees in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Israel and the establishment of diagnostic real-time PCR assays for IAPV detection. Our data indicate the existence of at least three distinct IAPV lineages, two of them circulating in the United States. Analysis of representatives from each proposed lineage suggested the possibility of recombination events and revealed differences in coding sequences that may have implications for virulence.
Watching the Word Go by: On the Time-course of Component Processes in Visual Word Recognition

We describe a functional architecture for word recognition that focuses on how orthographic and phonological information cooperates in initial form-based processing of printed word stimuli prior to accessing semantic information. Component processes of orthographic processing and orthography-to-phonology translation are described, and the behavioral evidence in favor of such mechanisms is briefly summarized. Our theoretical framework is then used to interpret the results of a large number of recent experiments that have combined the masked priming paradigm with electrophysiological recordings. These experiments revealed a series of components in the event-related potential (ERP), thought to reflect the cascade of underlying processes involved in the transition from visual feature extraction to semantic activation. We provide a tentative mapping of ERP components onto component processes in the model, hence specifying the relative time-course of these processes and their functional significance.
3D Slit Scanning with Planar Constraints ★

We present a planarity constraint and a novel three‐dimensional (3D) point reconstruction algorithm for a multiview laser range slit scanner. The constraint is based on the fact that all observed points on a projected laser line lie on the same plane of laser light in 3D. The parameters of the plane of laser light linearly parametrize a homography between a pair of images of the laser points. This homography can be recovered from point correspondences derived from epipolar geometry. The use of the planar constraint reduces outliers in the reconstruction and allows for the reconstruction of points seen in only one view. We derive an optimal reconstruction of points subject to the planar constraint and compare the accuracy to the suboptimal approach in prior work. We also construct a catadioptric stereo rig with high quality optical components to remove error due to camera synchronization and non‐uniform laser projection. The reconstruction results are compared to prior work that uses inexpensive optics and two cameras.
IFN-Inducible Protein-10 Central Nervous System Tumor Response : Critical Roles of − Adoptive Transfer of Type 1 CTL Mediates Effective Anti

The development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies for central nervous system (CNS) tumors requires a firm understanding of factors regulating the trafficking of tumor antigen– specific CTLs into CNS tumor lesions. Using C57BL/6 mice bearing intracranial (i.c.) ovalbumin-transfected melanoma (M05), we evaluated the efficacy and tumor homing of i.v. transferred type 1 or 2 CTLs (Tc1 or Tc2, respectively) prepared from ovalbumin-specific T-cell receptor–transgenic OT-1 mice. We also tested our hypothesis that intratumoral (i.t.) delivery of dendritic cells that had been transduced with IFN-a cDNA (DC-IFN-A) would enhance the tumor-homing and antitumor effectiveness of adoptively transferred Tc1 via induction of an IFN-;-inducible protein 10 (IP-10). In vitro , DC-IFN-A induced IP-10 production by M05 and enhanced the cytolytic activity of Tc1. In vivo , i.v. transferred Tc1 trafficked efficiently into i.c. M05 and mediated antitumor responses more effectively than Tc2, and their effect was IP-10 dependent. I.t. injections of DC-IFN-A remarkably enhanced the tumor homing, therapeutic efficacy, and in situ IFN-; production of i.v. delivered Tc1, resulting in the long-term survival and persistence of systemic ovalbumin-specific immunity. These data suggest that Tc1based adoptive transfer therapy may represent an effective modality for CNS tumors, particularly when combined with strategies that promote a type 1 polarized tumor microenvironment. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4478-87)