Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional Eating and Eating Disorder Psychopathology

The study examined to what extent emotional eating, restrained eating, and bulimic tendencies are found together in naturally occurring groups, and whether these groups differ in terms of the psychological characteristics relevant to eating disorders. One hundred twenty-seven normal-weight women filled in The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, The Eating Attitudes Test, The Eating Disorder Inventory, and five measures of psychological well-being. Cluster analysis revealed three dieter subgroups (Normal Dieters, Emotional Dieters, and Bulimic Dieters) and one nondieter group. The results showed that only some restrained eaters were emotional eaters and that only some emotional eaters had bulimic tendencies. In addition, emotional and bulimic dieters differed from nondieters more strikingly in terms of eating disorder psychopathology and low psychological well-being than normal dieters did. The results suggest that emotional eating is not responsible for overeating only but may, in concert with chronic dieting, also relate to the general psychopathology found to underlie eating disorders.
Boosting Video Description Generation by Explicitly Translating from Frame-Level Captions

Automatically describing video content with natural language is a fundamental challenge of computer vision. The recent advanced technique that approaches this problem is Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). The need to train RNN on large-scale complex and diverse videos and their associated language, however, makes the task human-labeling intensive and computationally expensive. Moreover, the results can suffer from robustness problem, especially when there are rich of temporal dynamics in the sequence of video frames. We demonstrate in this paper that the above two limitations can be mitigated by jointly exploring the largely available data from image domain and representing each frame by high-level attributes rather than visual features. The former leverages the learnt models on image captioning benchmark to generate caption for each video frame, while the latter explicitly incorporates the obtained captions which are regarded as the attributes of each frame. Specifically, we propose a novel sequence to sequence architecture to generate descriptions for videos, in a sense that the inputs are the captions of sequential frames and it outputs words sequentially. On a widely used YouTube2Text dataset, our proposal is shown to be powerful with superior performance over several state-of-the-art methods including both architectures that are purely developed on video data and RNN-based models which translate directly from visual features to language.
Why are teacher recommendations at the transition from primary to secondary education socially biased? A mixed-methods research

The consequences of educational differentiation have been at the centre of research in sociology of education during the past decades. Processes of educational allocation have, however, received much less attention. Despite the fact that research has shown that teacher recommendations in France and Germany are partly determined by pupils’ social background, studies that inquire into the causes of this social bias seem to be virtually inexistent. This study aims to examine whether teacher recommendations at the transition from primary to secondary education in Flanders (northern, Dutch-speaking part of Belgium) are also socially biased, and if so what causes these differentials in advice, using a mixed-methods design. We found the advice given by primary school teachers to be partly determined by pupils’ social background. Analysis of the qualitative data suggests that teachers tend to evaluate pupils from low socio-economic status backgrounds less positively, due to their emphasis on specific pupil characteristics.
Beyond secondary emotions: The infrahumanization of outgroups using human-related and animal-related words

This paper reports four series of studies that examined the infrahumanization effect using a different measure. Across the four studies, we examined whether people would associate their ingroup more with human- (vs. animal-) related words in comparison to outgroups. In Study 1, we used the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald et al., 1998) and found that participants were quicker during the compatible task (when ingroup names and human-related words shared the same response key and outgroup names and animal-related words shared the same response key) in comparison to the incompatible task. Studies 2a and 2b utilized a paper and pencil design and found that participants were more likely to link ingroup names with human-related words in comparison to the outgroup. In Studies 3a and 3b, we found that participants selected human-related words as being more characteristic of the ingroup in general than the outgroup. In Study 4, we used positive and negative words and found that participants were more likely to link human-related words with ingroup (vs. outgroup) names regardless of valence. Results are discussed in relation to their implications for infrahumanization theory.
Parental attachment and adolescents' emotional adjustment: The associations with social skills and relational competence

Young people learn from their interactions with their parents how to initiate and maintain satisfying and warm friendships. Attachment with parents thereby plays an important role in adolescents' social and emotional adjustment. The model tested in this study proposes that the relation between parental attachment and emotional adjustment is mediated by social skills and relational competence. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the models and paths between concepts using data from a sample of 412 12-18-year-olds. In the 12-14-year-old age group, no effects of parental attachment on social skills and relational competence were displayed. However, in the 15-18-year-old age group, parental attachment was moderately related to social skills, which, in turn, affected middle adolescents' competence in friendships and romantic relationships. Parental attachment and relational competence were significant predictors of adolescents' emotional adjustment in both age groups.
A Projector-based Physical Sand Table for Tactical Planning and Review

We describe a new sand table display that combines physical models with computer-generated projection and painting-style interaction. Designed for military training, our sand table has physical models of buildings, illuminated by multiple projectors adding aerial and synthetic imagery, with additional imagery for location and movement of personnel. Interaction with the tabletop scene is enabled through wand-controlled painting on all surfaces. We describe the system requirements and design constraints, such as number of projectors, pixel densities on the various surfaces, accessibility to multiple users, transportability and size. The targeted training facility currently uses a conventional physical sand table with wooden building models to plan movements of small groups of exercise forces. Our new display should enhance this planning process and also support after-action reviews. Beyond this initial application, our display may also be useful in applications such as surveillance and architectural design review.
There appears to be no added benefit to repeating of the discriminative stimulus when teaching intraverbal responses to children with autism

This review provides a summary and appraisal commentary on the treatment review by Humphreys, T. , Polick, A. S. , Howk, L. L. , Thaxton, J. R. , & Ivancic, A. P. (2013). An evaluation of repeating the discriminative stimulus when using least-to-most prompting to teach intraverbal behavior to children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 46, 534–538. Source of funding and disclosure of interest: There was no source of funding reported. No disclosure of interests was reported.
F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in diagnosis and follow-up of patients with different types of vasculitis.

BACKGROUND F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) accumulates in inflammatory cells due to an increased metabolic rate. Therefore, FDG positron emission tomography (PET) represents a promising imaging technique in patients with vasculitis. The aim of this study was to assess the value of FDG PET in the diagnosis of different types of vasculitis. METHODS The results of FDG PET performed because of suspected vasculitis or fever of unknown origin with results indicating vasculitis were reviewed. These results were compared with the final diagnosis, based on the American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria. RESULTS FDG PET was ordered because of suspected vasculitis in 20 patients, because of fever of unknown origin in two patients, and for follow-up of vasculitis in five patients. Fourteen patients were diagnosed with vasculitis (giant cell arteritis n = 5, polymyalgia rheumatica n = 2, polyarteritis nodosa n = 3, Takayasu n = 1, Churge-Strauss n = 1, Wegener's granulomatosis n = 1, vasculitis skin n = 1), two patients were diagnosed with fibromuscular dysplasia and one patient had media necrosis of the aorta. In five patients no diagnosis could be reached. FDG PET results were considered to be true-positive in ten patients, true-negative in 14 patients and false-negative in three patients resulting in a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 82%. CONCLUSIONS FDG PET appears to be a promising new imaging technique in diagnosing and determining the extent of various forms of vasculitis. Furthermore, FDG PET may become a useful tool for evaluating the effect of treatment of vasculitis.
Steering via the image in local, distributed and collaborative settings

Computational steering is a valuable mechanism for scientific investigation in which the parameters of a running program can be altered and the results visualized immediately. In a previous paper we put forward an architecture for computational steering that recognizes visualization as both the logical output and the input route. In this paper we investigate the practicalities of applying this architecture in local, distributed and collaborative steering. The work adopts a state‐transition modelling approach, keeping parameters and results together in the display in order to present information consistently. The outcome is a manageably small set of states that could apply to many different simulations. We also present the results of a preliminary user study on the demonstrator we have constructed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Slicer-independent mechanism drives small-RNA strand separation during human RISC assembly

Small RNA silencing is mediated by the effector RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that consists of an Argonaute protein (AGOs 1–4 in humans). A fundamental step during RISC assembly involves the separation of two strands of a small RNA duplex, whereby only the guide strand is retained to form the mature RISC, a process not well understood. Despite the widely accepted view that ‘slicer-dependent unwinding’ via passenger-strand cleavage is a prerequisite for the assembly of a highly complementary siRNA into the AGO2-RISC, here we show by careful re-examination that ‘slicer-independent unwinding’ plays a more significant role in human RISC maturation than previously appreciated, not only for a miRNA duplex, but, unexpectedly, for a highly complementary siRNA as well. We discovered that ‘slicer-dependency’ for the unwinding was affected primarily by certain parameters such as temperature and Mg2+. We further validate these observations in non-slicer AGOs (1, 3 and 4) that can be programmed with siRNAs at the physiological temperature of humans, suggesting that slicer-independent mechanism is likely a common feature of human AGOs. Our results now clearly explain why both miRNA and siRNA are found in all four human AGOs, which is in striking contrast to the strict small-RNA sorting system in Drosophila.
Separation of Unknown Number of Sources

We address the problem of blind source separation in acoustic applications where there is no prior knowledge about the number of mixing sources. The presented method employs a mixture of complex Watson distributions in its generative model with a sparse Dirichlet distribution over the mixture weights. The problem is formulated in a fully Bayesian inference with assuming prior distributions over all model parameters. The presented model can regulate its own complexity by pruning unnecessary components by which we can possibly relax the assumption of prior knowledge on the number of sources.
Orally Disintegrating Tablets: A Review

Drug delivery systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated as pharmaceutical scientists acquire a better understanding of the physicochemical and biochemical parameters pertinent to their performance. Over the past three decades, orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) have gained considerable attention as a preferred alternative to conventional tablets and capsules due to better patient compliance. ODTs are solid dosage forms containing medicinal substances which disintegrate rapidly, usually in a matter of seconds, when placed on the tongue. Products of ODT technologies entered the market in the 1980s, have grown steadily in demand, and their product pipelines are rapidly expanding. New ODT technologies address many pharmaceutical and patient needs, ranging from enhanced life-cycle management to convenient dosing for paediatric, geriatric, and psychiatric patients with dysphagia. This has encouraged both academia and industry to generate new orally disintegrating formulations and technological approaches in this field. The aim of this article is to review the development of ODTs, challenges in formulation, new ODT technologies and evaluation methodologies, suitability of drug candidates, and future prospects.
AN INTERVENTIONIST APPROACH TO CAUSATION IN PSYCHOLOGY BY JOHN CAMPBELL

My project in this paper is to extend the interventionist analysis of causation to give an account of causation in psychology. Many aspects of empirical investigation into psychological causation fit straightforwardly into the interventionist framework. I address three problems. First, the problem of explaining what it is for a causal relation to be properly psychological rather than merely biological. Second, the problem of rational causation: how it is that reasons can be causes. Finally, I look at the implications of an interventionist analysis for the idea that an inquiry into psychological causes must be an inquiry into causal mechanisms. I begin by setting out the main ideas of the interventionist approach.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Phosphorylates the N-Terminal Domain of the Postsynaptic Density Protein PSD-95 in Neurons

PSD-95 (postsynaptic density 95) is a postsynaptic scaffolding protein that links NMDA receptors to the cytoskeleton and signaling molecules. The N-terminal domain of PSD-95 is involved in the synaptic targeting and clustering of PSD-95 and in the clustering of NMDA receptors at synapses. The N-terminal domain of PSD-95 contains three consensus phosphorylation sites for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5), a proline-directed serine-threonine kinase essential for brain development and implicated in synaptic plasticity, dopamine signaling, cocaine addiction, and neurodegenerative disorders. We report that PSD-95 is phosphorylated in the N-terminal domain by cdk5 in vitro and in vivo, and that this phosphorylation is not detectable in brain lysates of cdk5–/– mice. N-terminal phosphorylated PSD-95 is found in PSD fractions together with cdk5 and its activator, p35, suggesting a role for phosphorylated PSD-95 at synapses. In heterologous cells, coexpression of active cdk5 reduces the ability of PSD-95 to multimerize and to cluster neuronal ion channels, two functions attributed to the N-terminal domain of PSD-95. Consistent with these observations, the lack of cdk5 activity in cultured neurons results in larger clusters of PSD-95. In cdk5–/– cortical neurons, more prominent PSD-95 immunostained clusters are observed than in wild-type neurons. In hippocampal neurons, the expression of DNcdk5 (inactive form of cdk5) or of the triple alanine mutant (T19A, S25A, S35A) full-length PSD-95 results in increased PSD-95 cluster size. These results identify cdk5-dependent phosphorylation of the N-terminal domain of PSD-95 as a novel mechanism for regulating the clustering of PSD-95. Moreover, these observations support the possibility that cdk5-dependent phosphorylation of PSD-95 dynamically regulates the clustering of PSD-95/NMDA receptors at synapses, thus providing a possible mechanism for rapid changes in density and/or number of receptor at synapses.
TabSecure : An Anti-Phishing Solution with Protection against Tabnabbing Priyanka

With an upsurge in the use of internet, there are various attacks being launched every day. These attacks target the vulnerabilities of various computer resources, such as, the operating system, web browsers, toolbars, etc. along with the susceptibility of the users due to lack of awareness about the possible scams. The existing solutions suffer various drawbacks. The website phishing solutions fail when JavaScript is used in the webpage. The email phishing solution propose use of a special web browser instead of the existing popular ones, in order to secure the user from phishing emails. The tabnabbing solutions follow visual cues which are prone to false negatives. The proposed approach aims to resolve these issues and provides a solution to phishing through websites, email phishing and tabnabbing using web browser monitor and an email phishing detection module that uses Bayesian classifier, but in a way different from the way it was used in a solution proposed earlier. The system keeps sending popups to the user until the user closes the phishing page detected by the system, hence reducing the chance of the user getting masqueraded. Index Terms – Phishing, Tabnabbing, Browser monitor, Deceptive phishing.
Surveillance Systems from Public Health Institutions and Scientific Societies for Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Europe (SUSPIRE): protocol for a systematic review

Introduction The worldwide spread of antimicrobial resistance is now recognised as a global public health threat. Owing to the geographical heterogeneity, complexity and continuously evolving dynamics of resistant organisms and genes, surveillance is a key tool for understanding, measuring and informing actions in the fight against this problem. To date there is no harmonisation of key indicators or of methodologies used to obtain them. Methods and analysis The main objective of this project is to systematically review and analyse the current publicly available surveillance activities on antimicrobial resistance and healthcare-associated infections in Europe. Eligible activities are those endorsed by regional, national or transnational health organisations and scientific societies providing data on a periodic basis. Grey and peer-reviewed literature will be searched with no language restrictions. Three independent reviewers will perform a two-step selection process using a previously piloted, tailored electronic data extraction form. Descriptive summaries and tables of all relevant findings will be performed and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Ethics and dissemination We did not seek ethical approval for this study because the data to be collected are not linked to individuals. Data will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number CRD42016033867.
A novel access control scheme to construct fresh database of ambient information in Internet of Things

The development of technologies for realizing “Internet of Things” inspire many applications which utilize the things' network. Additionally, the ambient information of the things including various information collected via the network has attracted much attention as useful data for novel applications. By collecting the ambient information from things and constructing databases of them, it is expected to make our lives smarter and more convenient. On the other hand, to maximize the advantage of such a database, it is important to keep the information in the database as fresh as possible. However, in order to keep the freshness of the database, periodically collecting data with short interval is needed, which causes heavy traffic congestion when we use the traditional access control schemes in the existing communication network technologies. Thus, in this paper, we propose a novel access control scheme to keep the freshness of the database while avoiding traffic congestion. Additionally, an optimization to improve the efficiency of our proposed method is provided with mathematical expressions. Moreover, numerical results verify the effectiveness of our proposal.
Toward Practical Application of Program Refactoring

Program refactoring—transforming a program to improve readability, structure, performance, abstraction, maintainability, or other characteristics— is not applied in practice as much as might be desired. Although there are various possible reasons why program refactoring is not so popular, one deterrent is the cost of detecting candidates for refactoring and of choosing the appropriate refactoring transformation. Another problem is that there are few quantitative evaluations of its impact to the software maintainability. It is sometimes difficult to judge whether the refactoring in question should be applied or not without knowing the effect accurately. This series of researches mainly focuses on how to support program refactoring to encourage practical applications of the technique. The first half of this thesis demonstrates the feasibility of automatically finding places in the program that are candidates for specific refactorings. The approach uses program invariants: when particular invariants hold at a program point, a specific refactoring is applicable. Since most programs lack explicit invariants, an invariant detection tool called Daikon is used to infer the required invariants. We developed an invariant pattern matcher for several common refactorings and applied it to an existing Java code base. Numerous refactorings were detected, and one of the developers of the code base assessed their efficacy. The latter half proposes a quantitative evaluation guideline to measure the maintainability enhancement effect of program refactoring. We focused on the module coupling metrics and the module cohesion metrics to evaluate the refactoring effect. Comparing the metrics before and after the refactoring, we could evaluate the degree of maintainability enhancement. As for coupling metrics, we carried out an experiment and found our method was really effective to quantify the refactoring effect and helped us to choose appropriate refactorings.
Structural basis for Pan3 binding to Pan2 and its function in mRNA recruitment and deadenylation

The conserved eukaryotic Pan2–Pan3 deadenylation complex shortens cytoplasmic mRNA 3′ polyA tails to regulate mRNA stability. Although the exonuclease activity resides in Pan2, efficient deadenylation requires Pan3. The mechanistic role of Pan3 is unclear. Here, we show that Pan3 binds RNA directly both through its pseudokinase/C‐terminal domain and via an N‐terminal zinc finger that binds polyA RNA specifically. In contrast, isolated Pan2 is unable to bind RNA. Pan3 binds to the region of Pan2 that links its N‐terminal WD40 domain to the C‐terminal part that contains the exonuclease, with a 2:1 stoichiometry. The crystal structure of the Pan2 linker region bound to a Pan3 homodimer shows how the unusual structural asymmetry of the Pan3 dimer is used to form an extensive high‐affinity interaction. This binding allows Pan3 to supply Pan2 with substrate polyA RNA, facilitating efficient mRNA deadenylation by the intact Pan2–Pan3 complex.