Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of aliskiren in human serum quantities by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry appropriate for pediatric trials.

The orally active direct renin inhibitor aliskiren is approved for the treatment of essential hypertension in adults. Analytical methods utilized in clinical studies on efficacy and safety have not been fully described in the literature but need a large sample volume ranging from 200 to 700 μL, rendering them unsuitable particularly for pediatric applications. In the assay presented only 100 μL of serum is needed for mixed-mode solid-phase extraction. The chromatographic separation was performed on Xselect(TM) C18 CSH columns with mobile phase consisting of methanol-water-formic acid (75:25:0.005, v/v/v) and a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Running in positive electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring the mass spectrometer was set to analyze precursor ion 552.2 m/z [M + H](+) to product ion 436.2 m/z during a total run time of 5 min. The method covers a linear calibration range of 0.146-1200 ng/mL. Intra-run and inter-run precisions were 0.4-7.2 and 0.6-12.9%. Mean recovery was at least 89%. Selectivity, accuracy and stability results comply with current European Medicines Agency and Food and Drug Administration guidelines. This successfully validated LC-MS/MS method with a wide linear calibration range requiring small serum amounts is suitable for pharmacokinetic investigations of aliskiren in pediatrics, adults and the elderly.
Fully automatic fluid flow control system for smart vertical aquarium

The main objective of this paper is recirculating the water and prevents wastage of water. Recently, aqua industries are a water management system which is operating open loop type of water circulation. It means after utilizing the water, then the waste water will send out, in this case it will waste high quantity of water and spend more money for maintenance purpose. From that point of view we are proposing a new aquaculture system, that system is called a vertical aquarium management system. This system is a sequential study, which is one of the systems is water management system. Here, the main objective of this system is reusing the after processing water. This system is mainly recirculating water and uniformly maintains temperature, oxygen, and pH in the constant level without wasting the water. In this study, we conducted a measurement of fluid flow and analysis. This system is nothing but a closed type system. This system is successfully installed and tested, we are satisfied with the result.
Statistical Methods for Conditional Survival Analysis

ABSTRACT We investigate the survival distribution of the patients who have survived over a certain time period. This is called a conditional survival distribution. In this paper, we show that one-sample estimation, two-sample comparison and regression analysis of conditional survival distributions can be conducted using the regular methods for unconditional survival distributions that are provided by the standard statistical software, such as SAS and SPSS. We conduct extensive simulations to evaluate the finite sample property of these conditional survival analysis methods. We illustrate these methods with real clinical data.
PERILAKU MASYARAKAT TERHADAP OPERASI BUKTI PELANGGARAN (TILANG) DALAM BERLALU LINTAS

Abstrak: Salah satu masalah utama dalam berlalu-lintas adalah kecelakaan lalu-lintas yang berakibat menimbulkan korban jiwa dan kerugian materi. Perilaku masyarakat sangat menentukan dalam pelanggaran dalam berlalu lintas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1) perilaku masyarakat terhadap operasi bukti pelanggaran (Tilang) dalam berlalu lintas saat ini, (2) perilaku masyarakat yang seharusnya terhadap operasi bukti pelanggaran (Tilang) dalam berlalu lintas. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan deskriptif yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa: (1) belum ada perubahan terhadap perilaku masyarakat dengan operasi bukti pelanggaran (tilang) dalam berlalu lintas. Hal ini banyak pengguna jalan yang mengabaikan aturan berlalu lintas sehingga menjadi pemicu terjadinya kecelakaan. (2) Perilaku masyarakat yang seharusnya terhadap operasi bukti pelanggaran (tilang) dalam berlalu lintas tidak dapat hanya diberi makna sebagai pemakai jalan/manusia, karena pemakai/pengguna jalan dapat perseorangan dan juga perseorangan yang mewakili korporasi. Kata Kunci: perilaku, masyarakat, lalu lintas. Abstract: One of the main problems in the pass-cross was Helms which resulted in inflicting casualties and losses of material. The behavior of the community is very decisive in the offences in traffic. The purpose of this research are to know: (1) the behavior of the community towards the operational proof of violations (speeding tickets) in the current traffic, (2) the behavior of the people who are supposed to be operating against the evidence of the offence (Ticketed) in traffic. The method used is descriptive library research with normative juridical approach. The results found that: (1) there has been no change to the operation of the community with evidence of behavior violations (speeding tickets) in traffic. This is a lot of road users who ignore traffic rules so as to trigger the occurrence of accidents, (2) the community should conduct operations against proof of offence (ticketed) in traffic can not only given meaning as the roas user, because user/individual can road users and also individuals representing corporations. Key words: behavior, people, traffic.
EYELID MOVEMENTS AND THEIR PREDICTIVE VALUE FOR FATIGUE STAGES

This paper describes a driving simulation study to assess whether it is possible to identify different stages of fatigue by taking into account more than one blinking parameter (eyelid movement type - duration, frequency or percentage of eyelid closure time). Subjects carried out a fixed driving task at different times of day and night and performed an additional auditory vigilance task. The findings showed that eyelid movements were characterised by two different processes; a change of blinking frequency related to change in attention, and a change of blinking duration related to development of fatigue. It was also found that the velocity of a blink was controlled by its amplitude. The eyelid algorithm is able to detect early lapses of alertness. For the covering abstract see ITRD E113725.
Repeatability of the Glaucoma Hemifield Test in automated perimetry.

PURPOSE To examine the concordance of the Glaucoma Hemifield Test and other global visual field indexes between two consecutive automated visual field tests. METHODS Normal subjects, subjects with ocular hypertension, and subjects with glaucoma had two automated visual field tests on the Humphrey Field Analyzer. The Glaucoma Hemifield Test results, mean deviation, and corrected pattern standard deviation of the two consecutive visual field tests were compared. RESULTS Forty-one normal subjects were tested within 1 and 2 years of each other. Four hundred seven subjects with ocular hypertension and 95 subjects with glaucoma were tested 1 year apart. The proportion of normal subjects who met a criterion for abnormality on two consecutive tests was 2.4%. The proportion of subjects with glaucoma with normal results of two tests was 10.5%. The specificity of automated visual field testing was improved from 80.8% to 89.9%, with a modest loss of sensitivity if two rather than one abnormal test result was required for entry into a clinical trial enrolling patients with glaucomatous field loss. Similarly, specificity increased from 84.2% to 89.5% if two normal tests were required for entry into an ocular hypertensive clinical trial. Among subjects with more closely spaced tests, the agreement between consecutive tests was similar for tests spaced 4 versus 12 months apart. CONCLUSIONS Although there is concordance of Glaucoma hemifield Test results on consecutive testing, there is enough disagreement to result in improved specificity from the use of a second test in a clinical trial setting.
Min-Sum decoding of irregular LDPC codes with adaptive scaling based on mutual information

Min-Sum decoding (MS) is an alternative to belief propagation decoding with substantially lower complexity. MS often results in an overestimation of the log likelihood ratio (LLR) in particular in the early stage of the iterative process. A linear post-processing is usually performed as a compensation. With regular low density parity check codes (LDPC), a fixed scaling of the LLR yields sufficiently good results. In contrast, adaptive strategies are mandatory with irregular codes. It is well known that the scaling factor is an increasing function of the reliability of the LLR. In most of the publications, the scaling factor is envisioned as a function of both the iteration number and the signal-to-noise ratio. It is proposed here to use the mutual information between extrinsics as a measure of the reliability of the LLR. A practical implementation is derived with reasonable complexity. Compared to the literature, the proposed method yields slightly better results in terms of BER and a significant reduction in the number of iterations.
Active matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression is associated with primary glioblastoma subtype.

PURPOSE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive cancer characterized by extensive brain invasion. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 plays a major role in this process. GBMs can be divided into two subtypes based on distinct clinical and molecular features. Primary GBMs arise de novo and frequently overexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligand-independent variant, EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII); secondary GBMs progress from a lower grade glioma and commonly harbor p53 mutations. Because EGFR signaling promotes MMP-9 expression and activation in other cancer cell types, we analyzed whether MMP-9 was associated with primary GBM subtype. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Autopsies were performed on 20 GBM patients, and MMP expression was assessed by gelatin zymography in the tumor and the adjacent normal brain. EGFR, EGFRvIII, p53, and activated mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase were assessed by immunohistochemistry, and associations between molecular phenotype and MMP-9 expression were analyzed. RESULTS Latent MMP-9 was detected in 90% of tumors, and active MMP-9 was found in 50% of tumors. MMP-9 was not detected in any of the normal brain samples (P < 0.001). More importantly, primary GBMs were significantly more likely than secondary GBMs to contain active MMP-9 (69% of primary and 14% of secondary GBMs contained active MMP-9; P = 0.027). Active MMP-9 was observed in 73% of EGFR-overexpressing/wild-type p53-staining tumors but in only 20% of EGFR-negative/aberrant p53-staining tumors (P = 0.072). Active MMP-9 expression was even more strongly correlated with EGFRvIII expression, occurring in 83% of the EGFRvIII-immunopositive tumors but in none of the EGFRvIII-negative tumors (P = 0.0004). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation was also strongly correlated with EGFRvIII expression (P < 0.0001) and with MMP-9 activation (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS These results identify a novel association between MMP-9 activation and primary GBM subtype and suggest that primary GBM patients, especially those whose tumors express EGFRvIII, may benefit from anti-MMP therapy.
Dynamic token generation for constrained tasks in a multi-robot system

The problem of assigning tasks to a group of robots acting in a dynamic environment is a fundamental issue for a MRS and is relevant to several real world applications. Several techniques have been studied to address this problem, however when the system needs to scale up with size, communication quickly becomes an important issue to address; moreover, tasks to be executed can be tied by constraints that have to be considered in the task assignment process. In this paper we present a distributed task assignment approach that ensures very low communication overhead and can manage constraints among roles. The basic idea of our approach is to use tokens to represent tasks to be executed, each team member creates, executes and propagates tokens based on a broad knowledge of their team mates. We test and evaluate our approach by means of experiments both on a simulates and on a real robot scenario
Feasibility of single-arm single-lead ECG biometrics

This work analyses the feasibility of electrocardiogram (ECG) biometrics using signals from a novel single arm single-lead acquisition methodology. These new signals are used and analysed in a biometric recognition system in verification mode for validation of a person's identity enrolled in a system database. The algorithm used for recognition in the proposed system is the Autocorrelation/Linear Discriminant Analysis (AC/LDA), which is combined with preprocessing stages tuned to the characteristics for ECG from the single arm. The signal is collected from 23 subjects in three scenarios and performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated. Considerably low Equal Error Rate of 4.34% is obtained using the described method, establishing the utility of these signals as viable candidates for ECG Biometrics.
Detection and Prevention of New and Unknown Malware using Honeypots

Security has become ubiquitous in every domain today as newly emerging malware pose an ever- increasing perilous threat to systems. Consequently, honeypots are fast emerging as an indispensible forensic tool for the analysis of malicious network traffic. Honeypots can be considered to be traps for hackers and intruders and are generally deployed complimentary to Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) in a network. They help system administrators perform a rigorous analysis of external and internal attacks on their networks. They are also used by security firms and research labs to capture the latest variants of malware. However, honeypots would serve a slightly different purpose in our proposed system. We intend to use honeypots for generating and broadcasting instant cures for new and unknown malware in a network. The cures which will be in the form of on-the-fly anti- malware signatures would spread in a fashion that is similar to the way malware spreads across networks. The most striking advantage of implementing this technology is that an effective initial control can be exercised on malware. Proposed system would be capable of providing cures for new fatal viruses which have not yet been discovered by prime security firms of the world.
Design and Optimization for Vehicle Driving Cycle of Rare-Earth-Free SynRM Based on Coupled Lumped Thermal and Magnetic Networks

This study presents a range optimization of a synchronous reluctance motor and a permanent-magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor according to a standard driving cycle, and the solutions obtained are compared. The proposed approach avoids the use of a finite-element analysis during the optimization process, thus greatly reducing the time required to obtain the optimal solution. This paper validates the optimal motors obtained in different domains, since the methodology takes into account a multiphysics design. Using two coupled reluctance and thermal networks, all possible working points in the torque–speed plane are obtained taking into account thermal effects, magnetic saturation, iron losses, as well as voltage and current constraints imposed by the inverter. The proposed approach allows a fast comparison of the solutions attained. The design and optimization methodology presented in this study can be applied to any driving cycle.
Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus transcriptomes reveal consequences of chemical pretreatment and genetic modification of lignocellulose

Recalcitrance of plant biomass is a major barrier for commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production. Chemical and enzymatic assays have been developed to measure recalcitrance and carbohydrate composition; however, none of these assays can directly report which polysaccharides a candidate microbe will sense during growth on these substrates. Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass‐deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. Key genes were identified using the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass. While the majority of C. saccharolyticus genes responding were similar between plant biomasses; subtle differences were discernable, most importantly between chemically pretreated or genetically modified biomass that both exhibit similar levels of solubilization by the microbe. Furthermore, the results here present a new paradigm for assessing plant–microbe interactions that can be deployed as a biological assay to report on the complexity and recalcitrance of plant biomass.
Novel Whole-Cell Antibiotic Biosensors for Compound Discovery

ABSTRACT Cells containing reporters which are specifically induced via selected promoters are used in pharmaceutical drug discovery and in environmental biology. They are used in screening for novel drug candidates and in the detection of bioactive compounds in environmental samples. In this study, we generated and validated a set of five Bacillus subtilis promoters fused to the firefly luciferase reporter gene suitable for cell-based screening, enabling the as yet most-comprehensive high-throughput diagnosis of antibiotic interference in the major biosynthetic pathways of bacteria: the biosynthesis of DNA by the yorB promoter, of RNA by the yvgS promoter, of proteins by the yheI promoter, of the cell wall by the ypuA promoter, and of fatty acids by the fabHB promoter. The reporter cells mainly represent novel antibiotic biosensors compatible with high-throughput screening. We validated the strains by developing screens with a set of 14,000 pure natural products, representing a source of highly diverse chemical entities, many of them with antibiotic activity (6% with anti-Bacillus subtilis activity of ≤25 μg/ml]). Our screening approach is exemplified by the discovery of classical and novel DNA synthesis and translation inhibitors. For instance, we show that the mechanistically underexplored antibiotic ferrimycin A1 selectively inhibits protein biosynthesis.
Support vector machines with selective kernel scaling for protein classification and identification of key amino acid positions

MOTIVATION Data that characterize primary and tertiary structures of proteins are now accumulating at a rapid and accelerating rate and require automated computational tools to extract critical information relating amino acid changes with the spectrum of functionally attributes exhibited by a protein. We propose that immunoglobulin-type beta-domains, which are found in approximate 400 functionally distinct forms in humans alone, provide the immense genetic variation within limited conformational changes that might facilitate the development of new computational tools. As an initial step, we describe here an approach based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) technology to identify amino acid variations that contribute to the functional attribute of pathological self-assembly by some human antibody light chains produced during plasma cell diseases. RESULTS We demonstrate that SVMs with selective kernel scaling are an effective tool in discriminating between benign and pathologic human immunoglobulin light chains. Initial results compare favorably against manual classification performed by experts and indicate the capability of SVMs to capture the underlying structure of the data. The data set consists of 70 proteins of human antibody kappa1 light chains, each represented by aligned sequences of 120 amino acids. We perform feature selection based on a first-order adaptive scaling algorithm, which confirms the importance of changes in certain amino acid positions and identifies other positions that are key in the characterization of protein function.
Volunteers: A Social Profile

Preface Acknowledgments Part 1. An Introduction to Volunteering 1. The Importance of Studying Volunteering 2. What Is Volunteering? Part 2. Subjective Dispositions 3. Personality 4. Motives 5. Values, Norms, and Attitudes Part 3. Individual Resources 6. Socio-Economic Resources 7. Time and Health 8. Gender 9. Race Part 4. The Social Context of Volunteering 10. The Life Course: The Early Stages 11. The Life Course: The Later Stages 12. Social Resources 13. Volunteer Recruitment 14. Schools and Congregations 15. Community, Neighborhood, City, and Region 16. Cross-National Differences 17. Trends in Volunteering Part 5. The Organization of Volunteer Work 18. Volunteer Tasks 19. The Volunteer Role Part 6. The Consequences of Volunteering 20. Citizenship and Prosocial Behavior 21. Occupation, Income, and Health 22. Conclusion Appendix Notes References Index
Phenomenology: The Quest for Meaning

This chapter illuminates the philosophical underpinnings of phenomenology and identifies two key approaches that have used phenomenological perspectives in particular ways. The main intention of the chapter is to untangle some of the conceptual threads and coils that make up the web of phenomenology. This is done in order to present a more accessible way of understanding what has been described as “one of the major philosophical movements of the twentieth century‿ (Embree & Mohanty 1997, p. 1).
Tor: The Second-Generation Onion Router

We present Tor, a circuit-based low-latency anonymous communication service. This second-generation Onion Routing system addresses limitations in the original design by adding perfect forward secrecy, congestion control, directory servers, integrity checking, configurable exit policies, and a practical design for location-hidden services via rendezvous points. Tor works on the real-world Internet, requires no special privileges or kernel modifications, requires little synchronization or coordination between nodes, and provides a reasonable tradeoff between anonymity, usability, and efficiency. We briefly describe our experiences with an international network of more than 30 nodes. We close with a list of open problems in anonymous communication.
BioEncoding: A Reliable Tokenless Cancelable Biometrics Scheme for Protecting IrisCodes

Despite their usability advantages over traditional authentication systems, biometrics-based authentication systems suffer from inherent privacy violation and non-revocability issues. In order to address these issues, the concept of cancelable biometrics was introduced as a means of generating multiple, revocable, and noninvertible identities from true biometric templates. Apart from BioHashing, which is a two-factor cancelable biometrics technique based on mixing a set of tokenized user-specific random numbers with biometric features, cancelable biometrics techniques usually cannot preserve the recognition accuracy achieved using the unprotected biometric systems. However, as the employed token can be lost, shared, or stolen, BioHashing suffers from the same issues associated with token-based authentication systems. In this paper, a reliable tokenless cancelable biometrics scheme, referred to as BioEncoding, for protecting IrisCodes is presented. Unlike BioHashing, BioEncoding can be used as a one-factor authentication scheme that relies only on sole IrisCodes. A unique noninvertible compact bit-string, referred to as BioCode, is randomly derived from a true IrisCode. Rather than the true IrisCode, the derived BioCode can be used efficiently to verify the user identity without degrading the recognition accuracy obtained using original IrisCodes. Additionally, BioEncoding satisfies all the requirements of the cancelable biometrics construct. The performance of BioEncoding is compared with the performance of BioHashing in the stolen-token scenario and the experimental results show the superiority of the proposed method over BioHashing-based techniques.