Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The H2 velocity structure of inner knots in HH 212: asymmetries and rotation

High-resolution R ∼ 50 000 long-slit spectroscopy of the inner knots of the highly symmetrical protostellar outflow HH 212 was obtained in the 1−0 S(1) line of H2 at 2.12 μm with a spatial resolution of ∼0. �� 45. At the resulting velocity resolution of ∼ 6k m s −1 , multiple slit oriented observations of the northern first knot NK1 clearly show double-peaked line profiles consistent with either a radiative bow shock or dual (forward and reverse) shocks. In contrast, the velocity distribution of the southern first knot SK1 remains single-peaked, suggesting a significantly lower jet velocity and possibly a different density variation in the jet pulses in the southern flow compared to the northern flow. Comparison with a semi-empirical analytical model of bow shock emission allows us to constrain parameters such as the bow inclination to the line of sight, the bow shock and jet velocities for each flow. Although a few features are not reproduced by this model, it confirms the presence of several dynamical and kinematical asymmetries between opposite sides of the HH 212 bipolar jet. The position-velocity diagrams of both knots exhibit complex dynamics that are broadly consistent with emission from a bow shock and/or jet shock, which does not exclude jet rotation, although a clear signature of jet rotation in HH 212 is missing. Alternative interpretations of the variation of radial velocity across these knots, such as a variation in the jet orientation, as well as for the velocity asymmetries between the flows, are also considered. The presence of a correlation between flow velocity and collimation in each flow is suggested.
THE EFFECT OF MITOMYCIN-C ON THE NUCLEOLAR FINE STRUCTURE OF KB CELLS IN CELL CULTURE.

Monolayer cultures of KB cells were treated for 48 hr with different doses of mitomycin-C and the resulting lesions were studied by light and electron microscopy. In the experiments carried out with 0.1 and 1.0 µg/ml doses the resulting changes were observed from 1 to 168 hr after the beginning of the treatment. The first alteration observed was swelling of nuclei. The most striking changes, however, occurred in nucleoli. Redistribution and segregation of the nucleolar constituents could be observed usually in enlarged nucleoli. The first signs of this redistribution were seen at about 9 hr after the beginning of the treatment, but the segregation was completed at 72–96 hr; at this time 4 distinct zones (A—D) could be distinguished which were similar to those observed after actinomycin-D or 4-nitroquinoline- N -oxide treatment. Differences could be seen, however, concerning the time of appearance of these lesions, possibly related to different mechanisms of action of the 2 drugs. The behavior of the segregated zones towards enzymatic digestion was also similar to that reported for actinomycin-D treatment. The cytoplasmic alterations were moderate and could be observed only in a late stage of treatment. Finally, abnormal nuclear configurations, pycnosis, karyorrhexis and vacuolization could be seen in disintegrating cells. However, among the surviving cells, an increasing number of multinucleated giant cells appeared. Within these cells some nucleoli still showed the pathologic pattern of the drug effect.
Moulded photoplastic probes for near‐field optical applications

The inexpensive fabrication of high‐quality probes for near‐field optical applications is still unsolved although several methods for integrated fabrication have been proposed in the past. A further drawback is the intensity loss of the transmitted light in the ‘cut‐off’ region near the aperture in tapered optical fibres typically used as near‐field probes. As a remedy for these limitations we suggest here a new wafer‐scale semibatch microfabrication process for transparent photoplastic probes. The process starts with the fabrication of a pyramidal mould in silicon by using the anisotropic etchant potassium hydroxide. This results in an inverted pyramid limited by < 111 > silicon crystal planes having an angle of ∼ 54°. The surface including the mould is covered by a ∼ 1.5 nm thick organic monolayer of dodecyltrichlorosilane (DTS) and a 100‐nm thick evaporated aluminium film. Two layers of photoplastic material are then spin‐coated (thereby conformal filling the mould) and structured by lithography to form a cup for the optical fibre microassembly. The photoplastic probes are finally lifted off mechanically from the mould with the aluminium coating. Focused ion beam milling has been used to subsequently form apertures with diameters in the order of 80 nm. The advantage of our method is that the light to the aperture area can be directly coupled into the probe by using existing fibre‐based NSOM set‐ups, without the need for far‐field alignment, which is typically necessary for cantilevered probes. We have evidence that the aluminium layer is considerably smoother compared to the ‘grainy’ layers typically evaporated on free‐standing probes. The optical throughput efficiency was measured to be about 10−4. This new NSOM probe was directly bonded to a tuning fork sensor for the shear force control and the topography of a polymer sample was successfully obtained.
Stimulation of Autotrophic Denitrification by Intrusions of the Bosporus Plume into the Anoxic Black Sea

Autotrophic denitrification was measured in the southwestern coastal Black Sea, where the Bosporus Plume injects oxidized chemical species (especially O2 and NO3−) into the oxic, suboxic, and anoxic layers. Prominent oxygen intrusions caused an overlap of NOx− and sulfide at the same station where autotrophic denitrification activity was detected with incubation experiments. Several bacteria that have been proposed to oxidize sulfide in other low oxygen environments were found in the Black Sea including SUP05, Sulfurimonas, Arcobacter, and BS-GSO2. Comparison of TRFLP profiles from this mixing zone station and the Western Gyre (a station not affected by the Bosporus Plume) indicate the greatest relative abundance of Sulfurimonas and Arcobacter at the appropriate depths at the mixing zone station. The autotrophic gammaproteobacterium BS-GSO2 correlated with ammonium fluxes rather than with sulfide fluxes and the maximum in SUP05 peak height was shallower than the depths where autotrophic denitrification was detected. Notably, anammox activity was not detected at the mixing zone station, though low levels of DNA from the anammox bacteria Candidatus Scalindua were present. These results provide evidence for a modified ecosystem with different N2 production pathways in the southwest coastal region compared to that found in the rest of the Black Sea. Moreover, the same Sulfurimonas phylotype (BS139) was previously detected on >30 μm particles in the suboxic zone of the Western Gyre along with DNA of potential sulfate reducers, so it is possible that particle-attached autotrophic denitrification may be an overlooked N2 production pathway in the central Black Sea as well.
A Text-Independent Persian Writer Identification System Using LCS Based Classifier

Writer identification and verification's been considered by researchers. Because of several writing styles in Persian handwriting (i.e. Naskh, Nastaligh,.), partitioning the characters is almost impossible. Therefore texture based Persian writer identification systems are more useful. In this paper we have proposed a texture based algorithm that uses a new feature extracting method. The proposed algorithm uses a new classifier that unlike other methods is not based on similarity of two feature vectors, but it is based on the usual sequences that the features appear in the document (LCS (Longest Common Subsequence)). The system appeared to have about 95% accuracy in 100 Persian writers.
ON PAIRWISE WEAKLY LINDELOF BITOPOLOGICAL SPACES

We shall introduce and study the pairwise nearly Lindelof bitopological spaces and obtain some results. Moreover, we study the pairwise nearly Lindelof subspaces and subsets and investigate some of their characterizations. We also show that the pairwise nearly Lindelof space is not a hereditary property. Some examples will be considered in order to establish some of their relationships. Finally, certain conditions on which a bitopology reduced to a single topology are investigated.
Multiple human tracking using PHD filter in distributed camera network

The Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (GM-PHD) filter is a closed form approximation of the multi-target Bayes filter which can overcome most multitarget tracking problems. Limited field of view, decreasing cost of cameras, and advances of using multi-camera induce us to use large-scale camera networks. In this paper, a multihuman tracking framework using the PHD filter in a distributed camera network is proposed. Each camera tracks objects locally with PHD filter and a track-after-detect scheme and its estimates of targets are sent to neighboring nodes. Then each camera fuses its local estimates with it's neighbors. The proposed method is evaluated on the public PETS2009 dataset. The results measured in Correct Tracking Percentage (CTP) showed a better performance compared to one of the most recent related works on the evaluated dataset.
Exploring the usage of a video application tool: Experiences in film studies

This paper explores our experiences in deploying a video application tool in film studies, and its evaluation in terms of realistic contextual end-users who have real tasks to perform in a real environment. We demonstrate our experiences and core lesson learnt in deploying our novel movie browser application with undergraduate and graduate students completing a Film Studies course in Dublin City University over a semester. We developed a system called MOVIEBROWSER2 that has two types of browsing modes: Advanced and Basic. In general, students found that the features we provided were beneficial for their studies. Some issues or mismatches arose during the trial. A 'wish-list' was drawn up that might be useful for the future system developer. The contribution and achievements reported in this article are on the demonstration and exploration of how advances in technology can be deployed, and media can be accessed in the context of a real user community. Exploring the usage indicates a positive acceptance among students, besides lessons learned that are important for further investigation.
Adaptive Document Layout via Manifold Content

We present and explore a simple idea for improving document layout on arbitrary devices of different resolutions and size. The key idea is to allow manifold representations of content: multiple versions of anything that might appear in a document, such as text, images, or even stylistic conventions. Content is then selected and formatted dynamically, on the fly, by a layout engine in order to best adapt to a given viewing situation. We propose a user interface for authoring and editing such manifold content, and sketch a few interesting new algorithms that make use of it.
A Community-Based Approach to Identifying Influential Spreaders

Identifying influential spreaders in complex networks has a significant impact on understanding and control of spreading process in networks. In this paper, we introduce a new centrality index to identify influential spreaders in a network based on the community structure of the network. The community-based centrality (CbC) considers both the number and sizes of communities that are directly linked by a node. We discuss correlations between CbC and other classical centrality indices. Based on simulations of the single source of infection with the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model, we find that CbC can help to identify some critical influential nodes that other indices cannot find. We also investigate the stability of CbC.
Autonomous defense against Flooding-based Denial of Service of a SIP system

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol for Internet conferencing, telephony, presence, events notification, and instant messaging. SIP is an application-layer protocol and operates on the TCP/IP stack, which means that it inherits all associated IP vulnerabilities. It has, therefore, possibility that SIP systems can be damaged by Flooding-based Denial of Service (DoS). Previous mechanisms for detecting a denial of service attack generally check the number of incoming packets and notify a system administrator that the system is under attack if too many messages are incoming. Although being relatively accurate and low-cost, they cannot help relying on decision of security experts, which is labor-intensive and human-mediated. Our research is to develop a defense mechanism which analyzes a flooding attack and takes countermeasures automatically, without being human-involved. It can minimize the amount of damage by reducing the time of analysis and countermeasure by automation.
Capturing and Sharing Sonic Experiences through Web-based Acoustic Maps

Due to the widespread availability of web mapping services , Internet users can now contribute cartographic content and easily create, modify, and share geographic maps. Several web mapping services that are currently available enable users to geographically locate text, pictures, and movies on a map and then share them with family, friends, and other interested users. However, few services give emphasis to the importance of sounds in human experience. In addition to contributing to filling an existing gap in collabo-rative web mapping, the authors argue that using sounds represents a personal and powerful way to remember, re-encounter, and gain new understandings of everyday space—thus facilitating expression and interpretation of personal meanings through richer and more immersive map-based interactions. The paper describes a collabora-tive mapping system, TheSilence.org, based on Web 2.0 technologies, that enables users to contribute and share sounds. The importance of sounds in collaborative web mapping with respect to multimedia content and immersive map-based interaction is discussed through the results of a pilot study.
Molecular Characterization of Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Identification of a Novel Mutation in inhA

ABSTRACT Multiplex allele-specific PCRs detecting katG codon 315 and mabA (bp −15) mutations could specifically identify 77.5% of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in the South China region. One clinical isolate harboring InhA Ile194Thr was characterized to show strong association with isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Appropriate Technology for Sustainable Ecosystems: Case Studies of Energy Self‐Reliant Villages and the Future of the Energy Industry

Recent development and sustainable improvement studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of appropriate technology on the growth of developing and developed countries. As one of the most notable official development assistance methods for developing countries, appropriate technology has been widely used for improving location situations in various industry sectors such as IT (information technology), environment and energy. Among these sectors, the energy industry is considered one of the most active fields for appropriate technology. However, only a few studies have provided the in-depth analysis of an ecosystem necessary for the sustainable growth of appropriate technology and foresight about the future directions of this technology. This study presents the definitions, antecedents, assessment of appropriate technology and recommendations for the future of appropriate energy technology in the context of many successful cases in the energy industry. The concepts of generating ‘shared social value’ and ‘local reverse innovation' are introduced, and how they play a key role in the recommendations is explained. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
SAR image despeckling based on improved non-local means algorithm

To efficiently preserve tiny details and sharpness information of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images while clearly remove the speckles, an improved non-local means method is proposed. Firstly, aiming at the traditional patch-similarity measurement not precise using in SAR image, we define a new variable to obtain a more precise patch-similarity measurement results. Furthermore, the PDF mapping function using for calculating ratio distance is also modified to get the patch-similarity between pixels more accurate. The experimental results show that both the visual quality and evaluation index of the proposed method outperform the traditional three methods: enhance Lee filtering (ELF), the bilateral Filtering (BF) and the NL-means method.
Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Vibrissa Responses to Motor Commands

A mechanistic description of the generation of whisker movements is essential for understanding the control of whisking and vibrissal active touch. We explore how facial-motoneuron spikes are translated, via an intrinsic muscle, to whisker movements. This is achieved by constructing, simulating, and analyzing a computational, biomechanical model of the motor plant, and by measuring spiking to movement transformations at small and large angles using high-precision whisker tracking in vivo. Our measurements revealed a supralinear summation of whisker protraction angles in response to consecutive motoneuron spikes with moderate interspike intervals (5 ms < Δt < 30 ms). This behavior is explained by a nonlinear transformation from intracellular changes in Ca2+ concentration to muscle force. Our model predicts the following spatial constraints: (1) Contraction of a single intrinsic muscle results in movement of its two attached whiskers with different amplitudes; the relative amplitudes depend on the resting angles and on the attachment location of the intrinsic muscle on the anterior whisker. Counterintuitively, for a certain range of resting angles, activation of a single intrinsic muscle can lead to a retraction of one of its two attached whiskers. (2) When a whisker is pulled by its two adjacent muscles with similar forces, the protraction amplitude depends only weakly on the resting angle. (3) Contractions of two adjacent muscles sums up linearly for small amplitudes and supralinearly for larger amplitudes. The model provides a direct translation from motoneuron spikes to whisker movements and can serve as a building block in closed-loop motor–sensory models of active touch.
Association of plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) with elevated vascular superoxide production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling: implications for endothelial function in human atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), is considered to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms relating ADMA with vascular function have been evaluated in vitro and in animal models, but its effect in human vasculature is unclear. AIMS We examined the impact of serum ADMA on endothelial nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and vascular superoxide radical (O2-) production in patients with advanced atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Paired samples of saphenous veins (SVs) and internal mammary arteries (IMAs) were collected from 201 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery, and serum ADMA was measured pre-operatively. The vasomotor responses of SV segments to acetylcholine (ACh) and bradykinin (Bk) were evaluated ex vivo. Vascular O2- was measured in paired SV and IMA by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. The l-NAME-inhibitable as well as the NADPH-stimulated vascular O2- generation was also determined by chemiluminescence. High serum ADMA levels were associated with decreased vasorelaxation of SV to ACh (P < 0.05) and Bk (P < 0.05). Similarly, high serum ADMA was associated with higher total O2- production in both SVs and IMAs (P < 0.05) and greater L-NAME-inhibitable vascular O2- (P < 0.05). However, serum ADMA was not associated with NADPH-stimulated vascular O2-. In multivariable linear regression, serum ADMA was independently associated with vascular O2- in both SVs [beta (SE): 0.987 (0.412), P = 0.019] and IMAs [beta (SE): 1.905 (0.541), P = 0.001]. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine was also independently associated with maximum vasorelaxation in response to both ACh [beta (SE): 14.252 (3.976), P = 0.001] and Bk [beta (SE): 9.564 (3.762), P = 0.013]. CONCLUSION This is the first study that demonstrates an association between ADMA and important measures of vascular function, such as vascular O2- production and NO bioavailability directly in human vessels. Although serum ADMA has no effect on NADPH-stimulated superoxide in intact vessels, it is associated with greater eNOS uncoupling in the human vascular endothelium of patients with coronary artery disease.
A Review on Taxonomies of Attacks and Vulnerability in Computer and Network System

In order to gain trusted system detection and remediation of vulnerability is crucial. In computer network to solve the problem of security vulnerability, study of vulnerability is essential to know cause of vulnerability. By considering the characteristics and behavior of known vulnerabilities we can improve the security evaluation procedure. The information about known vulnerability can be used to design an appropriate taxonomy that can be further used in investigating new system and also for identifying unidentified vulnerabilities. Several attempts have been made for producing such taxonomies. This paper offers a detailed review of significant work has been done in development of taxonomies of attacks and vulnerability present in the system. Also this paper examines the efficiency of taxonomies for use in a security evaluation procedure. Further this paper summarizes the characteristics of various prominent taxonomies and provides a structure for organizing information about well-known attacks and vulnerabilities that would help in security evaluation procedure.
Can you certify your software to MC/DC?: A static analysis approach to account for the number test cases

Software testing is an important task in systems development to certify the quality of the final product. If it is not properly applied, we can end up with low-quality systems. On the other hand, applying rigorous software testing techniques can spend nearly 40-50% of the system development cost. The issue is: how to provide a good software quality, by means of testing techniques, and keep the overall system cost under control? This paper presents a study on the cost of applying the Modified Condition/Decision Coverage (MC/DC) (proposed by NASA1 and used by FAA2 [19]) to software by accounting for the number of test cases that need to be generated. In order to achieve our goal, we collected the MC/DC coverage requirements in a set of open source software to estimate the cost of this criterion application in terms of the number of test cases.