Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synoptic-scale potential vorticity intrusion over northeastern China during winter and its influence on surface air temperature

ABSTRACT A regional potential vorticity (PV) intrusion (PVI) (RPVI) index, defined as the sum of the numbers of grids containing PVI within a certain area for each day, is used to reflect the day-to-day PVI variability over northeastern China during winter from 1979 to 2016. The synoptic-scale PVI variations and resultant surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies are identified by comparing the high and low RPVI index cases. In high (low) RPVI cases, significantly strong positive (negative) PV anomalies are found in the stratospheric midlatitudes, which intrude downward mostly within 90°–110°E into the upper troposphere to reach around 300 hPa and extend eastward to the east of 120°E, forcing an anomalous cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation in the middle and lower troposphere over East Asia, with the anomalous northerlies (southerlies) of the forced lower-tropospheric cyclone (anticyclone) leading to significant negative (positive) SAT anomalies of less (greater) than −0.9°C (0.9°C), especially over northeastern China. In the stratosphere, the positive (negative) midlatitude PV anomalies over northern China are actually associated with a weakening (strengthening) of the polar vortex over the Eurasian continent for the high (low) RPVI cases, resulting mostly from positive (negative) barotropic vorticity anomalies associated with static stability due to the meridional shear of anomalous zonal winds on the southern side of the anomalous Eurasian anticyclone (cyclone).
The thermoelectric properties of Au nanoparticle-incorporated Al-doped mesoporous ZnO thin films

Mesoporous Al-doped ZnO thin films incorporated with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were synthesized using a sol–gel and evaporation-induced self-assembly process. In this study, the complementary effects of Au NP incorporation and Al doping on the thermoelectric properties of mesoporous ZnO thin films were analysed. The incorporated Au NPs induced an increase in electrical conductivity but a detriment in the pore arrangement of the mesoporous ZnO thin film, which was accompanied by a decrease in porosity. However, the addition of the Al dopant minimized the pore structural collapse because of the inhibition of the grain growth in the ZnO skeletal structure, resulting in the enhancement of the pore arrangement and porosity. When the Au NPs and Al dopant were added at the same time, the degradation in the pore structure was minimized and the electrical conductivity was effectively increased, but the absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient was decreased. However, as a result, the thermoelectric power factor was increased by 2.4 times compared to that of the pristine mesoporous ZnO thin film. It was found that co-introducing the Au NPs and Al doping to the mesoporous ZnO structure was effective in preserving the pore structure and increasing the electric conductivity, thereby enhancing the thermoelectric property of the mesoporous ZnO thin film.
Functional Benefit from Clomethiazole Treatment after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in a Nonhuman Primate Species

Clomethiazole (CMZ) (Zendra) is neuroprotective in rodents following focal and global ischemia. However, its neuroprotective effects in other species, particularly on functional outcome, have not been reported. We have therefore examined the ability of CMZ to ameliorate the functional deficits produced by a focal cerebral ischemic lesion in the marmoset, a New World primate. Six monkeys received permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO); six further monkeys received pMCAO with administration of CMZ, 5 min after the arterial occlusion, by intraperitoneal bolus injection and by subcutaneous implantation of an osmotic minipump, which released CMZ for 24 h. The monkeys were trained and tested preoperatively on a number of behavioral tasks which were repeated 3 and 9 weeks after surgery. CMZ-treated monkeys were better than non-drug-treated monkeys at using the disabled arm contralateral to the lesion and also showed a reduction in contralateral spatial hemineglect. Postmortem histopathological analysis at several stereotaxic levels showed a significant reduction in the area of ischemic damage in CMZ-treated monkeys compared to that in untreated animals. CMZ treatment reduced the overall volume of damage by 31.8% (MCA group, 370.8 +/- 37.4 mm3 of damage; CMZ group, 253.0 +/- 38.0 mm3 of damage). This study demonstrates that CMZ is neuroprotective in a nonhuman primate species and is able to ameliorate the level of functional disability and reduce the size of infarct produced by focal cerebral ischemia.
Expression Patterns of Calreticulin from Bombyx mori After Immune Challenge

Calreticulin is a 46-kDa chaperone protein with multifunction, mainly involved in directing proper conformation of proteins, controlling calcium level, and participating in immune responses. In previous study, calreticulin from Bombyx mori (BmCRT) was identified, and BmCRT was significantly induced by some stimuli of intracellular calcium disturbance. In this study, we report that BmCRT mRNA and protein were detected in all organs of 5 th larvae stage. BmCRT mRNA was specially abundant expressed in testis, ovary and hemocytes, but BmCRT protein was higher in testis and fat body than other tissues. To study the involvement of BmCRT in insect immune response, B. mori larvae were challenged by Escherichia coli, Micrococcus lysodeikticus, Beauveri bassiana or nucleopolyhedrovirus, respectively. After 1, 4 and 12 h microorganism injection, BmCRT mRNA and protein expression level in fat body were detected by qPCR and western blot methods. BmCRT expression in fat body can be induced by microorganisms, but with different expression patterns by different microorganisms. And BmCRT protein was induced later than the mRNA expression. Our results indicated BmCRT in fat body may be involved in humoral immune response against pathogenic microorganisms, and helpful to understand the comprehensive function of insect calreticulin.
Mov 10 and APOBEC 3 G Localization to Processing Bodies Is Not Required for Virion Incorporation and Antiviral Activity

Mov10 and APOBEC3G (A3G) localize to cytoplasmic granules called processing bodies (P bodies), incorporate into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions, and inhibit viral replication. The functional relevance of Mov10/A3G P-body localization to virion incorporation and antiviral activity has not been fully explored. We found that a helicase V mutant of Mov10 exhibits significantly reduced localization to P bodies but still efficiently inhibits viral infectivity via virion incorporation. Disruption of the P bodies by DDX6 knockdown also confirmed Mov10 antiviral activity without P-body localization. In addition, overexpression of SRP19, which binds to 7SL RNA, depleted A3G from P bodies but did not affect its virion incorporation. Sucrose gradient sedimentation assays revealed that the majority of Mov10, A3G, HIV-1 RNA, and Gag formed high-molecularmass (HMM) complexes that are converted to low-molecular-mass (LMM) complexes after RNase A treatment. In contrast, the P-body markers DCP2, LSM1, eIF4e, DDX6, and AGO1 were in LMM complexes, whereas AGO2, an effector protein of the RNAinduced silencing complex that localizes to P bodies, was present in both LMM and HMM complexes. Depletion of AGO2 indicated that RNA-induced silencing function is required for Mov10’s ability to reduce Gag expression upon overexpression, but not its virion incorporation or effect on virus infectivity. We conclude that the majority of Mov10 and A3G are in HMM complexes, whereas most of the P-body markers are in LMM complexes, and that virion incorporation and the antiviral activities of Mov10 and A3G do not require their localization to P bodies.
Timing of Expression of r and Its Encoding mRNAs in the Developing Cerebral Neocortex and Cerebellum of the Mouse

Abstract: The expression of τ mRNA and of the corresponding encoded protein variants was studied during postnatal development in two brain regions differing in their timing of differentiation: the cerebral neocortex and the cerebellum, (a) The expression of r mRNA was different in the two regions. Maximal contents were found at early stages in the cerebral neocortex, with a 10‐fold decrease at later stages. In the cerebellum, two peaks of τ mRNA were observed soon after birth and in adulthood, with minimal values at postnatal day 6. (b) The expression of total τ proteins was similar to that of their encoding mRNAs in the cerebral neocortex, i.e., high concentrations after birth and low contents at later stages. In contrast, two peaks of τ proteins were observed in the cerebellum: the first perinatally and the second with a maximum at postnatal day 15. (c) Both in the cerebral neocortex md especially in the cerebellum, increasing concentrationsof mature τ variants were expressed at late developmental stages, i.e., when total τ protein contents were decreased. In conclusion, the fluctuations in expression of τ and of its encoding mRNA seen in the cerebellum seem to reflect differences in the timing of differentiation of the various cell types, i.e., the macroneurons and the interneurons, present in this brain region. The adult τ variants appear in both the neocortex and the cerebellum only at late developmental stages, i.e., when most of the circuitry has been established, although these two regions markedly differ in their timing of differentiation.
Vegetable Consumption Teaching Young Children a Theory of Nutrition : Conceptual Change and the Potential for Increased

In two experiments, we used a novel approach to educating young children about nutrition. Instead of teaching simple facts, we provided a rich conceptual framework that helped children understand the need to eat a variety of healthy foods. Using the insight that children’s knowledge can be organized into coherent belief systems, or intuitive theories, we (a) analyzed the incipient knowledge that guides young children’s reasoning about the food-body relationship, (b) identified the prerequisites that children need to conceptualize food as a source of nutrition, and (c) devised a strategy for teaching young children a coherent theory of food as a source of diverse nutrients. In these two experiments, we showed that children can learn and generalize this conceptual framework. Moreover, this learning led children to eat more vegetables at snack time. Our findings demonstrate that young children can benefit from an intervention that capitalizes on their developing intuitive theories about nutrition.
An Improved Approach for Cell Image Recognition based on Fractal Coding and Fractal Singular Value Neighbor Distance

Based on fractal coding and fractal singular value neighbor distance, an improved approach for cell image recognition is proposed in this paper. Fractal singular value neighbor distance is brought forward based on fractal neighbor distance and singular value decomposition. Fractal coding and local singular value decomposition are used to improve the recognition rate. The experimental results show that the method can keep a good robustness to the variation of illumination, pose and expression, compared with traditional fractal neighbor distances. Furthermore, the method shows that the training time is short and recognition rate is high.
Noninvasive Detection of Functional Alterations of the Arterial Wall in IDDM Patients With and Without Microalbuminuria

OBJECTIVE To test endothelial function in a group of 10 normoalbuminuric and eight microalbuminuric insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients (ages 28 ± 3 [mean ± SE] and 28 ± 1 years, respectively), in comparison with 16 control subjects (age 35 ± 2 years, normal subjects vs. diabetic subjects P = NS), to identify prestructural abnormalities of the arterial wall. An early stage of vascular involvement seems in fact to be characterized by functional alterations of endothelial control on vascular tone and wall interaction with circulating cells. Furthermore, many recent studies suggest the importance of microalbuminuria as an early marker not only of nephropathy but also of retinopathy and macroangiopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Endothelium-mediated flow-dependent vasodilation and endothelium-independent vasodilation (induced by glyceryl trinitrate administration) were evaluated in the right common femoral artery by echo-Doppler ultrasound. Arterial wall distensibility was evaluated at the common femoral artery by an echo-tracking system. RESULTS In spite of a comparable increase in flow velocity, endothelium-mediated vasodilation was significantly reduced in diabetic subjects, particularly in microalbuminuric patients. Endothelium-independent vasodilation was also significantly impaired in diabetic subjects, particularly in microalbuminuric subjects; whereas arterial wall distensibility, an index of the viscoelastic properties of the wall, was similar in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm a reduced vasodilatory capacity in diabetes mellitus, with a more marked alteration in microalbuminuric diabetic subjects. This reliable, noninvasive evaluation of arterial function is particularly useful for early diagnosis of vascular involvement.
(2D)2PCA+(2D)2LDA: a new feature extraction for face recognition

In this paper, we combine the advantages of (2D)2PCA and (2D)2LDA, and propose a two-stage framework: "(2D)2PCA+(2D)2LDA". In the first stage, a two-directional 2D feature extraction technique, (2D)2PCA, is employed to condense the dimension of image matrix; in the second stage, the two-directional 2D linear discriminant analysis (2D)2LDA is performed in the (2D)2PCA subspace to find the optimal discriminant feature vectors. In addition, the proposed method can take full advantage of the descriptive information and discriminant information of the image. Experiments conducted on ORL and Yale face databases demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Improved Adaboost Face Detection

This paper presents a color based on the Adaboost face detection methods. This method has less color test detection time, high detection rate and AdaBoost false detection rate is low algorithm, strong adaptability advantages. First, by the statistical characteristics of facial skin color, the color image segmentation, to be a candidate face region; and then use the trained AdaBoost algorithm classifier cascade to make face region detection of candidates and ultimately get precise positioning of the human face. Through experiments show that the Adaboost face detection method based color segmentation improved the detection rate greatly than the original Adaboost method.
The drivers of soil bacterial communities in rubber plantation at local and geographic scales

ABSTRACT According to traditional biogeographic theory, historical contingency can influence soil microbial communities. Thus, we ask: are historical contingencies (soil profiles and geographic sampling locations), or other factors (seasonal changes and soil nutrients), important drivers of soil bacterial communities? This study used high throughput sequencing technology to investigate the soil bacterial compositions of rubber plantations at the local and geographic scales. Significant differences were detected in bacterial compositions between two study locations, Xishuangbanna and Hainan Island. Redundancy analysis showed that the most important factor driving bacterial composition was site location and total nitrogen, which explained 38.2 and 38.4% the total variance, respectively; this indicates that historical contingencies drive distinct bacterial communities in rubber plantation soils. At the local scale, there were also distinct differences in soil bacterial compositions between the dry and rainy season in both the Xishuangbanna and Hainan sites. Seasonal changes explained 13.6 and 41.4% of the total variation of soil bacterial composition in Xishuangbanna and on Hainan Island, respectively, whereas other factors had little effect on soil bacterial communities (p < 0.001). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that historical contingencies drive variation in bacterial composition at the geographic scale, whereas seasonal changes influence variation at the local scale.
Adaptive information extraction from unstructured documents

The authors present a novel adaptive framework that enables efficient development of applications demanding complex document analysis. In processing natural language documents the task is to transform them into application specific structured form. Such transformation has to be designed taking into account various abstraction levels and granularity of the processing and the multitude of possibly related requests driving the application. The proposed solution is based on the adaptively planned and executed network of information processing modules. The paper presents an overview of the framework, with the focus on the adaptive mechanism. An illustrative pilot application is also provided.
Designing user interfaces for multi-touch and gesture devices

Initially Designers only had a keyboard and lines of text to design. Then, the mouse enabled a richer design ecosystem with two dimensional plains of UI. Now the Design and Research communities have access to multi-touch and gestural interfaces which have been released on a mass market scale. This allows them to design and develop new, unique, and richer design patterns and approaches. These methods are no longer confined to research projects or innovation labs, but are now offered on a large scale to millions of consumers. With these new interface behaviors, in combination with multiple types of hardware devices that can affect the interface, there are new problems and patterns that have increased the complexity of designing interfaces. The aim of this SIG is to provide a forum for Designers, Researchers, and Usability Professionals to discuss this new and emerging technology trends for multi-touch and gesture interfaces, as well as discuss current design patterns within these interfaces. Our goal is to cross pollinate ideas and current solutions from practitioners and researchers across communities to help drive awareness of this new field for those interested in, just starting in, or currently involved in the design of these systems.
Topic modelling for qualitative studies

Qualitative studies, such as sociological research, opinion analysis and media studies, can benefit greatly from automated topic mining provided by topic models such as latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). However, examples of qualitative studies that employ topic modelling as a tool are currently few and far between. In this work, we identify two important problems along the way to using topic models in qualitative studies: lack of a good quality metric that closely matches human judgement in understanding topics and the need to indicate specific subtopics that a specific qualitative study may be most interested in mining. For the first problem, we propose a new quality metric, tf-idf coherence, that reflects human judgement more accurately than regular coherence, and conduct an experiment to verify this claim. For the second problem, we propose an interval semi-supervised approach (ISLDA) where certain predefined sets of keywords (that define the topics researchers are interested in) are restricted to specific intervals of topic assignments. Our experiments show that ISLDA is better for topic extraction than LDA in terms of tf-idf coherence, number of topics identified to predefined keywords and topic stability. We also present a case study on a Russian LiveJournal dataset aimed at ethnicity discourse analysis.
Task allocation for robots using inspiration from hormones

This article describes a robotic system which uses evolution to continuously adapt a group of heterogeneous robots to their current environment while assigning tasks to these robots using an endocrine-based system. The tasks are allocated dependent on the robots’ current ability to perform the task and whether the task is being done by another robot. A series of experiments is presented taking the work from an evolutionary training phase, through simulation trials, to experiments on real robots. The real robot trials show task swapping dependent on the robots’ ability to perform each task.
Development and preliminary testing of MOVit: An exercise-enabling control interface for power wheelchair users

Author(s): Moreso Subirats, Gerard | Advisor(s): Reinkensmeyer, David J | Abstract: Power wheelchair users have a high level of sedentarism, which negatively impacts health. If they could exercise while driving their chair they could potentially improve their health through integrated daily exercise. This dissertation presents the development of MOVit, a novel, arm exercise-enabling, wheelchair control interface and the results of three preliminary tests with unimpaired subjects. MOVit consists of two custom-made, instrumented mobile arm supports that replace the armrests of a normal power wheelchair. Instead of using a joystick to drive the wheelchair, the user moves the arm supports with his or her arms through a cyclical motion. MOVit was first tested in a stationary setting with five healthy individuals (two expert users and three naive users) to determine if they could achieve increasing levels of exercise by increasing the frequency and range of motion of arm movement, and decreasing the amount of weight support. Secondly, driving performance using MOVit was evaluated with the same subjects on a long, straight track. Third, maneuverability with MOVit was evaluated for the expert users. Heart rate and oxygen consumption significantly increased as the level of exercise intensity increased in the stationary setting. Driving performance for the long, straight track and for the maneuverability test were comparable to the performance achieved using a standard joystick for the two expert users, but was worse for the three novice users. In conclusion, MOVit can modulate exercise intensity during power wheelchair driving. For experienced users, driving performance and maneuverability is comparable to that achieved with a standard joystick.
Safety and Efficacy of Low-osmolarity ORS vs. Modified Rehydration Solution for Malnourished Children for Treatment of Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition and Diarrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

World Health Organization-recommended rehydration solution for malnourished children (ReSoMal) for rehydrating severe acute malnourished children is not available in India. In present study, 110 consecutive children aged 6-59 months with severely acute malnourishment and acute diarrhea were randomized to low-osmolarity oral rehydration solution (ORS) (osmolarity: 245, sodium: 75) with added potassium (20 mmol/l) or modified ReSoMal (osmolarity: 300, sodium: 45). In all, 15.4% of modified ReSoMal group developed hyponatremia as compared with 1.9% in low-osmolarity ORS, but none developed severe hyponatremia or hypernatremia. Both groups had equal number of successful rehydration (52 each). Both types of ORS were effective in correcting hypokalemia and dehydration, but rehydration was achieved in shorter duration with modified ReSoMal.