Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modélisation et évaluation de la sûreté de fonctionnement d'applications véhiculaires basées sur des réseaux ad-hoc mobiles. (Dependability modelling and evaluation of vehicular applications based on mobile ad-hoc networks)

Cette these porte sur le developpement de methodes et de modeles permettant de quantifier la surete de fonctionnement d'applications embarquees sur des systemes mobiles. L'objectif est de fournir des indicateurs pour l'analyse et la selection des architectures les plus adaptees pour satisfaire les exigences de surete de fonctionnement. Nous considerons le cas des applications vehiculaires utilisant des communications inter-vehicules basees sur des reseaux ad-hoc et pouvant avoir acces a des services situes sur des infrastructures fixes. Nous proposons une approche combinant: 1) des modeles de surete de fonctionnement utilisant des reseaux d'activites stochastiques permettant de decrire les modes defaillances et de restauration des systemes consideres et 2) des simulations et des modeles analytiques de scenarios de mobilite permettant d'estimer des caracteristiques de connectivite de ces systemes. Cette approche est illustree sur trois cas d'etudes dont un systeme d'autoroute automatisee, et une boite noire virtuelle basee sur la replication et la sauvegarde cooperative des donnees.
mus 304 encodes a novel DNA damage checkpoint protein required during Drosophila development

Checkpoints block cell cycle progression in eukaryotic cells exposed to DNA damaging agents. We show that several Drosophila homologs of checkpoint genes, mei-41, grapes, and 14-3-3e, regulate a DNA damage checkpoint in the developing eye. We have used this assay to show that the mutagen-sensitive gene mus304 is also required for this checkpoint. mus304 encodes a novel coiled-coil domain protein, which is targeted to the cytoplasm. Similar to mei-41, mus304 is required for chromosome break repair and for genomic stability. mus304 animals also exhibit three developmental defects, abnormal bristle morphology, decreased meiotic recombination, and arrested embryonic development. We suggest that these phenotypes reflect distinct developmental consequences of a single underlying checkpoint defect. Similar mechanisms may account for the puzzling array of symptoms observed in humans with mutations in the ATM tumor suppressor gene.
Internet and Web use in the U.S.

to base critical business decisions. A variety of studies have suggested that the demographic characteristics of individuals are highly correlated with their use of the Internet. For example, previous research suggests that Internet use is related to gender, education, income, race, occupation, and even geographic region and that males are generally more likely than females to use the Net, people with higher socioeconomic status are more likely to use the Net, and whites are more likely to use the Net [21, 22]. Recent research also suggests that the demographics of Internet use are shifting, so the Internet appears to be going more “mainstream” in its demographic makeup, and that this trend is likely to continue as the Internet moves toward critical mass as a commercial medium [9]. Our objectives in this article are twofold:
Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of in vitro Cultured Drosera intermedia Extracts

Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the methanol, water and n-hexane extracts of Drosera intermedia, determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau (F-C), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assays showed that the methanol extract had the highest antioxidant activity (F-C: 378.6 ± 31.5 μmolGAE/mgextract; TEAC: 332.2 ± 29.1 μmolTE/mgextract; ORAC: 64.7 ± 7.8 μmolTE/mgextract). Antimicrobial activity was tested against seven bacterial and eight yeast strains using the agar diffusion assay, followed by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). All tested D. intermedia extracts demonstrated strong antimicrobial properties with a broad spectrum of activity. However, the n-hexane extract exhibited much greater activity than water and methanol extracts. The most susceptible microorganisms to the n-hexane extract were Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 and Candida albicans YP0175, for which a MIC value of 13.0 μg/mL was scored.
Minors’ tobacco possession law violations and intentions to smoke: implications for tobacco control

Objectives: To test: (1) whether citation under the Minors in Possession (MIP) law, vicarious citation (knowing someone who was cited), and threat of driving licence suspension are associated with decreased intentions to smoke next year; and (2) whether the policy is differentially enforced. Subjects: 28 249 white, Hispanic, and African American students in grades 6–12 (11–18 years old) participated in the study. Method: The 86 item anonymous Texas Youth Tobacco Survey was completed by students attending 37 schools in 14 east and central Texas communities. Results: Hierarchical linear modelling showed that MIP citation was unrelated to the future smoking intentions of most youth. However, there was a negative association between citation and smoking intentions for ever daily smoking youth at four schools. Threat of licence suspension was associated with a lower likelihood of future smoking intentions among ever daily smoking youth and vicarious citation did not deter youth from future smoking. African American and Hispanic youth had a higher probability of being cited than their peers. Conclusions: Threat of driving licence suspension has the intended effect upon youth who are/were committed smokers and MIP citation has the intended effect upon committed smokers at only four schools. However, differential enforcement of the law based on ethnicity may be occurring. Before drawing firm conclusions, current findings must be replicated with longitudinal data to determine the consequences of citation on subsequent tobacco use.
Can ocular ultrasound predict intracranial hypertension? A pilot diagnostic accuracy evaluation in a UK emergency department

Objective To determine if ultrasound guided measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter accurately predicted elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) as demonstrated by cranial computed tomography (CT) in at-risk emergency department patients. Methods Optic nerve sheath diameters were measured on a convenience sample of adult patients presenting with suspected elevated ICP to the emergency department of a large teaching hospital over a 6-month period. A cut off for optic nerve sheath diameter of 5 mm was considered positive for elevated ICP. All patients had a subsequent cranial CT scan on the same day reported by a radiologist. Signs of elevated ICP on cranial CT include midline shift with a mass effect of at least 3 mm, sulcal effacement with evidence of significant oedema, collapse of ventricles, and cisternal compression. Results Twenty-four patients were recruited with a sensitivity of 100% [95% confidence interval (CI), 83.8–100] and specificity of 75% (95% CI, 30.1–95.4) with a cut-off of 5 mm for optic nerve sheath diameter to predict elevated ICP on cranial CT scan. The positive predictive value for an increased optic nerve sheath diameter for elevated ICP was 95.4% (95% CI, 74.13–99.75) and negative predictive value was 100% (95% CI, 31–100). The positive likelihood ratio of a wide optic nerve sheath diameter for elevated ICP on cranial CT was calculated to be 4.00 (95% CI, 0.73–21.84). Conclusion This study shows that the ultrasound guided optic nerve sheath diameter is a sensitive and specific test for predicting elevated ICP. A prospective validation study across emergency departments would test applicability of this test. We propose an algorithm for incorporating ultrasound for the management of suspected intracranial hypertension in emergency departments.
High frequency low voltage 32nm node CMOS rectifier for energy harvesting in implantable devices

A full -wave CMOS rectifier is presented in this paper which is used for powerlessly power up low voltage biomedical implantable devices. Bootstrapped capacitors are used to decrease the effective threshold voltage of main switch transistor in the rectifier architecture. This architecture has low voltage drop and good overall efficiency even at very low input voltage and over a wide range of frequency. Therefore, rectifier is suitable to use in biomedical implantable devices with low voltage power supplies over RF link. Leakage current through bulk has been reduced due to lowering on resistance, which is reduced because of biasing the bulk of the transistor with Dynamic Bulk Switching (DBS) technique. DBS technique uses highest voltage available in the circuit for biasing the circuit. Performance of the rectifier is verified and compared using standard TSMC 0.18 CMOS model and PTM 32nm CMOS model respectively.
Crystal structure of [N,N-bis(diphenylphosphorothioyl)amidato-κ2 S,S′]bis(triphenylphosphane-κP)copper(I) dichloromethane monosolvate

The title compound, [Cu(dppaS2)(PPh3)2], is a neutral mononuclear copper(I) complex bearing an N,N-bis(diphenylphosphorothioyl)amidate (dppaS2 −) ligand and two triphenylphosphane ligands. The structure of this complex was obtained by X-ray diffraction and supported by DFT calculations.
X.—The Medusæ of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition

This is a report upon the Medusæ collected by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition during the voyage of the Scotia in the years 1902, 1903, and 1904, under the leadership of Dr W. S. Bruce, to whom I am indebted for the opportunity of examining the specimens. The collection is a small one containing twelve species, but five more species would have probably been added if only the specimens had been in a recognisable condition. Some of the specimens are in excellent condition, and these were mostly taken at the surface, but others are very much damaged. Unfortunately, the damaged specimens are just the ones wanted in good condition, as they mostly come from the Antarctic region and from the stations where the nets were sent down to a great depth. The damage is done in the nets, and other collections which have passed through my hands tell the same tale. It is the rubbing together of the sides of the net that tears the medusæ to pieces. All deep-sea nets should be so constructed that the sides of the nets cannot come together, and also provided with a large can at the end.
Life and death in the ‘Neolithic’: Dwelling-scapes in southern Britain

Using recent work relating to subsistence and residential patterns in the British ‘Neolithic’, I argue that the dispersal of human skeletal material, characteristic of the ‘Neolithic’ in southern Britain, can be seen as the ‘fall-out’ of a dispersed and mobile pattern of residence. This pattern of human skeletal material can therefore be viewed independently from any specific complex and multiple-stage mortuary processes. Further, the role of the stone, timber and earthen constructions that frame this mobile ‘dwelling-scape’ is viewed in relation to their changing visibility as the vegetation changed. I reach the conclusion that the ‘Neolithic’ of southern Britain was one of dispersed and mobile human activity within a dwelling-scape, which was itself in constant flux.
Heightened ruminative disposition is associated with impaired attentional disengagement from negative relative to positive information: support for the “impaired disengagement” hypothesis

ABSTRACT Information processing accounts of rumination propose that impaired attentional disengagement from negative information may underpin heightened disposition to experience ruminative brooding in response to negative mood. The present study examined the relationship between individual differences in ruminative disposition and selective attention, using a paradigm capable of distinguishing between biases in the engagement and disengagement of attention. Results showed that higher dispositional ruminative brooding, as measured by both the brooding subscale of the RRS and an in-vivo assessment of ruminative disposition, was associated with greater relative impairment disengaging attention from negative compared to positive stimuli. These findings thus provide support for the “impaired disengagement” account of ruminative brooding.
Axial oxygen-centered lattice instabilities in YBa sub 2 Cu sub 3 O sub 7 : An application of the analysis of extended x-ray-absorption fine structure in anharmonic systems

Analysis of polarized copper {ital K}-edge extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) measurements on YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} for temperatures 10{le}{ital T}{sub nom}{le}105 K indicates that the axial oxygen moves in a double-well potential which softens within a fluctuation region associated with the onset of superconductivity in this material. This fluctuation follows from the coupling between the phonons derived from this double-well potential and the superconducting order parameter. The advantages of EXAFS compared to crystallographic measurements in discerning these aspects of the local structure are discussed. Metrical parameters and the characteristics of the potential are determined by curve fits of the EXAFS. This method is based on the calculation of radial distribution functions from selected model potentials, the forms of which are determined along with the absorber-scatterer distance, scatterer type, and number, by optimization of fits of the experimental data with the EXAFS calculated from these parameters. Unlike perturbative treatments, this approach is ideally suited for highly anharmonic systems because the putative potential can be a very close approximation to the real one and it also offers the advantage of providing dynamical information not available through perturbative treatments.
Relationship Between Psychological Factors and Oral Health Status and Behaviours.

PURPOSE To examine oral health related behaviours in relation to anxiety, depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 364 subjects (195 female, age range 19-65 years; 169 male, age range 18-64 years). A psychological evaluation was performed using Beck's anxiety, Beck's depression and ADHD scales. A separate questionnaire covering oral health behaviours, including parafunctional habits, dental visits and toothbrushing frequency, was given to the subjects and completed before the clinical examination. The numbers of decayed, missing and filled teeth were recorded and the status of the subject's periodontal health was determined clinically using periodontal probes and panoramic radiographs. RESULTS There were significant differences in the gender, level of education, level of income, household size, parafunctional habits and number of missing teeth in those with anxiety and depression (p<0.05) vs those without. Females and subjects with parafunctional habits and lower education and income level presented higher anxiety and depression scores. ADHD was associated negatively with household size and positively with dental visits and toothbrushing frequency (p<0.05). The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that anxiety, depression and ADHD were indirectly related to missing teeth and periodontal status: subjects with higher depression and anxiety scores had more missing teeth and worse periodontal health. However, there was no association between psychological factors and decayed teeth or toothbrushing frequency. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety, depression and ADHD can result in poor oral hygiene, thereby having indirect, adverse effects on the periodontal health status of affected individuals. Although the frequency of dental visits seemed to be related to anxiety and ADHD, the frequency of toothbrushing showed no such association.
The Book of Reykjaholar: The Last of the Great Medieval Legendaries

The Book of Reykjaholar, produced on the very eve of the Reformation, investigates what may be considered the last medieval legendary. The legendary's significance resides in its preserving in Icelandic translation a group of otherwise unattested medieval Low German saints' lives. Marianne E. Kalinke presents a literary analysis of the Reykjaholar legendary, demonstrating what kind of sources the translator used in his compilation and how he collected, combined, and adapted these texts to suit his Icelandic audience. The book also offers stylistic, thematic, and comparative analyses of the legends. A number of these Christian myths are apocryphal, some transmit folk tales and romances, such as the legend of the hairy anchorite (St John Chrysostom), the search for the highest king (St Christopher), the tale of the grateful lion (St Jerome), the tale of the dragon-slayer (St George), and the story of the holy sinner (Gregorius peccator). The legends belong to the vast corpus of German hagiography, yet the currency of these particular versions is documented today only in translation by virtue of their inclusion in this Icelandic legendary. The book opens with a survey of the development of German hagiography, goes on to a discussion of the religious and intellectual climate in early sixteenth-century Iceland, and then follows with a consideration of the legendary's Low German sources and its production by one of the wealthiest Icelanders of the time, Bjorn Thorleifsson of Reykjaholar.
Priming of visual and functional knowledge on a semantic classification task.

Several lines of evidence suggest that semantic memory may be organized according to domain-specific attributes (e.g., visual or functional). Repetition priming both within and across these semantic knowledge domains was measured in 4 experiments to determine whether retrieval of one attribute can occur independently of retrieval of other attributes. The authors found a strong same-attribute priming advantage that persisted even when the classification task differed between study and test. Also evident was a small but consistent cross-attribute priming effect. Cross-attribute priming was not affected by changes in the modality of the test item, suggesting that the effect reflects the repetition of conceptual, and not perceptual, processes. On the basis of these results, the authors suggest that conceptual priming reflects the recapitulation of both domain-specific and nonspecific semantic processing.
IVE-GAN: Invariant Encoding Generative Adversarial Networks

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a powerful framework for generative tasks. However, they are difficult to train and tend to miss modes of the true data generation process. Although GANs can learn a rich representation of the covered modes of the data in their latent space, the framework misses an inverse mapping from data to this latent space. We propose Invariant Encoding Generative Adversarial Networks (IVE-GANs), a novel GAN framework that introduces such a mapping for individual samples from the data by utilizing features in the data which are invariant to certain transformations. Since the model maps individual samples to the latent space, it naturally encourages the generator to cover all modes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in terms of generative performance and learning rich representations on several datasets including common benchmark image generation tasks.
Solving Complex Problems in Human Genetics using Nature-Inspired Algorithms Requires Strategies which Exploit Domain-Specific Knowledge

In human genetics the availability of chip-based technology facilitates the measurement of thousands of DNA sequence variations from across the human genome. The informatics challenge is to identify combinations of interacting DNA sequence variations that predict common diseases. The authors review three nature-inspired methods that have been developed and evaluated in this domain. The two approaches this chapter focuses on in detail are genetic programming (GP) and a complex-system inspired GPlike computational evolution system (CES). The authors also discuss a third nature-inspired approach known as ant colony optimization (ACO). The GP and ACO techniques are designed to select relevant attributes, while the CES addresses both the selection of relevant attributes and the modeling of disease risk. Specifically, they examine these methods in the context of epistasis or gene-gene interactions. For the work discussed here we focus solely on the situation where there is an epistatic effect but no detectable main effect. In this domain, early studies show that nature-inspired algorithms perform no better than a simple random search when classification accuracy is used as the fitness function. Thus, the challenge for applying these search algorithms to this problem is that when using classification accuracy there are no building blocks. The goal then is to use outside knowledge or pre-processing of the dataset to provide these building blocks in a manner that enables the population, in a nature-inspired framework,
Rescue allocation for liver transplantation within Eurotransplant: the Heidelberg experience

Organ shortage has driven many transplant centers to extend their criteria for organ acceptance. Graft allocation policies have been modified accordingly. This report focuses on the impact of applying the so‐called rescue allocation (RA) strategy for liver transplantation (LT) in a single center within the Eurotransplant (ET) area. Liver grafts are considered for RA when the regular organ allocation is declined by at least three centers or is averted because of donor instability/unfavorable logistical reasons, thus entering a competitive or a single‐recipient rescue organ offer procedure, respectively. The accepting center has the advantage to select a recipient from its own waiting list for these RA grafts. Among 253 livers accepted at the University of Heidelberg between January 2004 and December 2006, we transplanted 85 (34%) rescue‐allocated livers. The indications for LT were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, 43%), chronic liver disease (55%), and acute liver failure (2%). Median cold ischemia time for RA grafts was 10 h (range: 4–17). The MELD score (mean ± SD) was 13 ± 7 (range: 6–40) and was 12 ± 7 for recipients with HCC. Three (3.5%) primary non‐functions (PNF) occurred after transplantation of RA livers. One‐year patient and graft survival were 84% and 75%, respectively. A comparison between the recipients of RA livers and regularly allocated livers revealed no significant difference regarding initial poor function (IPF), PNF, and surgical complications. Furthermore, a median follow‐up of 16 months revealed no significant difference regarding patient and graft survival between the two groups. The use of RA organs has increased the donor pool and transplantation dynamics with satisfying results. The unique possibility to match livers with recipients, which is left to the discretion of accepting center, should be judged according to the center’s experience to decrease the waiting times for a timely rescue of organs/recipients while avoiding futile transplantations.
A Simple Dual-Band Electromagnetic Band Gap Resonator Antenna Based on Inverted Reflection Phase Gradient

A simple method is presented to obtain a high-gain dual-band electromagnetic band gap (EBG) resonator antenna. The antenna is based on a one-dimensional EBG structure, made out of two low-cost unprinted dielectric slabs. The EBG structure is implemented as the antenna superstrate, which has been designed to provide a locally-inverted, positive reflection phase gradient with high reflectivity, in two pre-determined frequency bands. A composite dual-band antenna has been designed and tested with a stacked patch feed. Experimental results confirm the dual-band performance of the prototype antenna. Measured peak gains of 14.5 dBi and 15.1 dBi, and 3-dB gain bandwidth of 4.5% and 4.6%, are achieved at 10.6 GHz and 13.2 GHz, respectively. Measured 10-dB return-loss bandwidths are 6.4% and 3.9% in lower and upper bands, respectively. Potential enhancements of antenna radiation characteristics are studied using small 2 × 2 patch array feeds. It was found that such feeds can lead to lower side lobes, higher peak gains and larger gain bandwidths.