Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complacency and Bias in Human Use of Automation: An Attentional Integration

Objective: Our aim was to review empirical studies of complacency and bias in human interaction with automated and decision support systems and provide an integrated theoretical model for their explanation. Background: Automation-related complacency and automation bias have typically been considered separately and independently. Methods: Studies on complacency and automation bias were analyzed with respect to the cognitive processes involved. Results: Automation complacency occurs under conditions of multiple-task load, when manual tasks compete with the automated task for the operator’s attention. Automation complacency is found in both naive and expert participants and cannot be overcome with simple practice. Automation bias results in making both omission and commission errors when decision aids are imperfect.Automation bias occurs in both naive and expert participants, cannot be prevented by training or instructions, and can affect decision making in individuals as well as in teams.While automation bias has been conceived of as a special case of decision bias, our analysis suggests that it also depends on attentional processes similar to those involved in automation-related complacency. Conclusion: Complacency and automation bias represent different manifestations of overlapping automation-induced phenomena, with attention playing a central role. An integrated model of complacency and automation bias shows that they result from the dynamic interaction of personal, situational, and automation-related characteristics. Application: The integrated model and attentional synthesis provides a heuristic framework for further research on complacency and automation bias and design options for mitigating such effects in automated and decision support systems.
Using Classification and Visualization on Pattern Databases for Gene Expression Data Analysis

We are designing new data mining techniques on gene ex- pression data, more precisely inductive querying techniques that extract a priori interesting bi-sets, i.e., sets of objects (or biological situations) and associated sets of attributes (or genes). The so-called (formal) con- cepts are important special cases of a priori interesting bi-sets in derived boolean expression matrices, e.g., matrices that encode over-expression of genes. It has been shown recently that the extraction of every concept is often possible from typical gene expression data because the number of biological situations is generally quite small (a few tens). In specic applications, we have been able to extract every concept and it can lead to millions of concepts. Obviously, post-processing these huge volumes of patterns for the discovery of biologically relevant information is challeng- ing. It is useful since the added-value of transcription module discovery is very high and formal concepts can be seen as putative transcription modules. We describe our ongoing research on concept post-processing by means of classication and visualization. It has been applied to a real-life gene expression data set with a promising feedback from end-users.
Treatmet of gas phase styrene in a biofilter under steady-state conditions

Preliminary studies on the performance of a laboratory scale perlite biofilter inoculated with a mixed culture taken from petrochemical refinery sludge was evaluated for gas phase styrene removal under various operating conditions. Initially, the biofilter was acclimatized for 53 days at constant loading rates (40-60 g/m3.h), wherein the performance gradually improved with fluctuations in the removal profiles. Experiments were carried out by subjecting the biofilter to different flow rates (150, 300 l/h) and concentrations (0.5 � 5 g/m3), that corresponds to inlet loading rates between 60 � 200 g/m3.h. The results from this study show100% styrene removal with a maximum elimination capacity of 190 g/m3.h.
Genetic Variants Associated with Increased Risk of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Genome-Wide Association Study

Asbestos exposure is the main risk factor for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), a rare aggressive tumor. Nevertheless, only 5–17% of those exposed to asbestos develop MPM, suggesting the involvement of other environmental and genetic risk factors. To identify the genetic risk factors that may contribute to the development of MPM, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS; 370,000 genotyped SNPs, 5 million imputed SNPs) in Italy, among 407 MPM cases and 389 controls with a complete history of asbestos exposure. A replication study was also undertaken and included 428 MPM cases and 1269 controls from Australia. Although no single marker reached the genome-wide significance threshold, several associations were supported by haplotype-, chromosomal region-, gene- and gene-ontology process-based analyses. Most of these SNPs were located in regions reported to harbor aberrant alterations in mesothelioma (SLC7A14, THRB, CEBP350, ADAMTS2, ETV1, PVT1 and MMP14 genes), causing at most a 2–3-fold increase in MPM risk. The Australian replication study showed significant associations in five of these chromosomal regions (3q26.2, 4q32.1, 7p22.2, 14q11.2, 15q14). Multivariate analysis suggested an independent contribution of 10 genetic variants, with an Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) of 0.76 when only exposure and covariates were included in the model, and of 0.86 when the genetic component was also included, with a substantial increase of asbestos exposure risk estimation (odds ratio, OR: 45.28, 95% confidence interval, CI: 21.52–95.28). These results showed that genetic risk factors may play an additional role in the development of MPM, and that these should be taken into account to better estimate individual MPM risk in individuals who have been exposed to asbestos.
Coracle: Evaluating Consensus at the Internet Edge

Distributed consensus is fundamental in distributed systems for achieving fault-tolerance. The Paxos algorithm has long dominated this domain, although it has been recently challenged by algorithms such as Raft and Viewstamped Replication Revisited. These algorithms rely on Paxos's original assumptions, unfortunately these assumptions are now at odds with the reality of the modern internet. Our insight is that current consensus algorithms have significant availability issues when deployed outside the well defined context of the datacenter. To illustrate this problem, we developed Coracle, a tool for evaluating distributed consensus algorithms in settings that more accurately represent realistic deployments. We have used Coracle to test two examples of network configurations that contradict the liveness claims of the Raft algorithm. Through the process of exercising these algorithms under more realistic assumptions, we demonstrate wider availability issues faced by consensus algorithms when deployed on real world networks.
Effect of temperature, pH and illumination on abiotic degradation of oxytetracycline in sterilized swine manure

Tetracyclines such as oxytetracycline (OTC) are widely used veterinary chemicals. They are often poorly absorbed with a significant fraction being excreted in manure that can subsequently result in environmental contamination. In many countries throughout South East Asia swine manure is not composted, but sun-dried. Using sunlight to heat manure has been suggested as an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce OTC contamination, but this has previously been unexplored. Such conditions have also been shown to reduce bacterial numbers in manure meaning abiotic OTC degradation processes may become more significant. This work investigated for the first time, the role of temperature, illumination and pH in the abiotic degradation of OTC in sterilized swine manure. OTC loss from laboratory-based experiments simulating conditions likely to be experienced in sun-drying were assessed using simple first order and availability-adjusted loss models. ANOVA results suggested that neither model was superior to the other. In addition, pH and light had little influence. Temperature was shown to be the main factor influencing OTC loss. Kinetic results showed reductions in OTC concentrations of 65 % after 100 h at 40°C based on the availability-adjusted loss model, regardless of pH and illumination. Such temperatures are likely to be attained during the process of sun-drying. Therefore this may be a useful and practical means of reducing OTC contamination in manure.
Activation of cytokine production, tumoricidal properties, and tyrosine phosphorylation of MAPKs in human monocytes by a new synthetic lipopeptide, JBT3002

We investigated the expression of cytokine genes and tumoricidal properties in human blood monocytes in response to a new synthetic immunomodulating lipopeptide, JBT3002. Incubation of peripheral blood monocytes with free‐form JBT3002 or JBT3002 encapsulated in multilamellar phospholipid vesicles (liposomes, MLV‐JBT3002) induced tumoricidal properties in a dose‐dependent manner. Both MLV‐JBT3002 and free‐form JBT3002 induced production of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin‐1β, and interleukin‐6 in a dose‐dependent manner with similar kinetics. Treatment of monocytes with interferon‐γ did not significantly alter the expression of cytokine genes but increased the expression of cytokines induced by MLV‐JBT3002 and free‐form JBT3002. In contrast to monocyte activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), activation by JBT3002 was independent of serum and was not inhibited by CD14‐neutralizing antibody. Incubation of monocytes with JBT3002 induced a rapid increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins with apparent molecular masses of 42 and 38 kDa, a migration band shift of c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), and activation of extracellular signaling regulated kinases. Consistent with its effect on cytokine expression, stimulation of these intracellular signaling pathways by JBT3002 was not inhibited in serum‐free conditions. Collectively, the data indicate that the synthetic lipopeptide JBT3002 is a potent monocyte activator that modulates monocyte function by mechanisms similar to LPS but by a distinct receptor. J. Leukoc. Biol. 63: 766–774; 1998.
Computationally Efficient Direction Finding for a Mixture of Circular and Strictly Noncircular Sources with Uniform Rectangular Arrays

In this paper, a novel two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm for the mixed circular and strictly noncircular sources is proposed. A general array model with a mixture of signals is firstly built based on uniform rectangular arrays (URAs), and then, the approach, which uses the rank-reduction-based ROOT-MUSIC, can solve 2D DOA estimation problem. Besides, the theoretical error of the proposed algorithm, a criterion of the performance for evaluation, is analyzed by the first-order Taylor expression using second-order statistics. As verified by the simulation results, a better DOA estimation performance and a lower computational complexity are achieved by the proposed algorithm than the existing methods resorting to the noncircularity of the incoming signals.
Constitutive spectral EEG peaks in the gamma range: suppressed by sleep, reduced by mental activity and resistant to sensory stimulation

Objective: In a systematic study of gamma activity in neuro-psychiatric disease, we unexpectedly observed distinctive, apparently persistent, electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral peaks in the gamma range (25–100 Hz). Our objective, therefore, was to examine the incidence, distribution and some of the characteristics of these peaks. Methods: High sample-rate, 128-channel, EEG was recorded in 603 volunteers (510 with neuropsychiatric disorders, 93 controls), whilst performing cognitive tasks, and converted to power spectra. Peaks of spectral power, including in the gamma range, were determined algorithmically for all electrodes. To determine if peaks were stable, 24-h ambulatory recordings were obtained from 16 subjects with peaks. In 10 subjects, steady-state responses to stimuli at peak frequency were compared with off-peak-frequency stimulation to determine if peaks were a feature of underlying network resonances and peaks were evaluated with easy and hard versions of oddball tasks to determine if peaks might be influenced by mental effort. Results: 57% of 603 subjects exhibited peaks >2 dB above trough power at or above 25 Hz. Larger peaks (>5 dB) were present in 13% of subjects. Peaks were distributed widely over the scalp, more frequent centrally. Peaks were present through the day and were suppressed by slow-wave-sleep. Steady-state responses were the same with on- or off-peak sensory stimulation. In contrast, mental effort resulted in reductions in power and frequency of gamma peaks, although the suppression did not correlate with level of effort. Conclusions: Gamma EEG can be expressed constitutively as concentrations of power in narrow or wide frequency bands that play an, as yet, unknown role in cognitive activity. Significance: These findings expand the described range of rhythmic EEG phenomena. In particular, in addition to evoked, induced and sustained gamma band activity, gamma activity can be present constitutively in spectral peaks.
Poking facebook: characterization of osn applications

Facebook is one of the most popular Internet sites today. A key feature that arguably contributed to Facebook's unprecedented success is its application platform, which enables the development of third-party social-networking applications. Understanding how these applications are installed and used is important for the function and utility of web-based online social networks, e.g. to better engineer them and/or to design advertising campaigns. In this paper, we characterize the popularity and user reach of Facebook applications. We analyze application usage data gathered over a period of six months from Facebook and Adonomics - a Facebook analytics service. We also crawl publicly accessible Facebook user profiles and obtain per-user application installation statistics, for approximately 300K users and 13.6K applications. Our findings include that (i) the popularity of Facebook applications has a highly skewed distribution; (ii) although the total number of application installations increases with time, the average user activity decreases; and (iii) users with more applications installed are more likely to install new applications.
A Study of the Temporal Bandwidth of Video and its Implications in Compressive Sensing

2 Videos with one spatial dimension 3 2.1 Problem setup . 3 2.2 Temporal bandwidth analysis . 4 2.3 Sampling implications . 6 2.4 Experiments within our model assumptions . 7 2.5 Experiments beyond our model assumptions . 9
Association between self-reported childhood sexual abuse and adverse psychosocial outcomes: results from a twin study.

BACKGROUND Increased risk for serious adverse outcomes has been associated with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Whether these risks are directly attributable to CSA rather than family background remains controversial. METHODS Structured psychiatric telephone interviews were conducted from February 1996 to September 2000 with both members of 1991 same-sex pairs (1159 female and 832 male pairs) from a young adult Australian volunteer twin panel (mean [SD] age, 29.9 [2.5] years). A binary composite CSA variable was constructed from responses to 5 component questions. The association between CSA and adverse psychosocial outcomes was examined, controlling for family background. RESULTS A history of CSA, reported by 16.7% of the women and 5.4% of the men, was more common among those reporting parental alcohol-related problems. Significantly increased risk was observed in women reporting a history of CSA for subsequently occurring major depression, suicide attempt, conduct disorder, alcohol dependence, nicotine dependence, social anxiety, rape after the age of 18 years, and divorce; most similar risks reached statistical significance in men. The greatest risks were associated with CSA involving intercourse. Childhood sexual abuse-negative twins (ie, those who denied having experienced CSA) from CSA-discordant pairs compared with other CSA-negative individuals had increased risk for many adverse outcomes suggesting correlated family background risk factors. Childhood sexual abuse-positive members (ie, those who reported having experienced CSA) of CSA-discordant pairs had significantly greater risk for all 8 examined adverse outcomes than their co-twins. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported CSA was associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes, controlling for family background. Family background risk factors also were associated with adverse outcome risk. Discordant pair analysis seems to provide an effective means of controlling for family background risk factors.
Targeted disruption of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases gene increases the invasive behavior of primitive mesenchymal cells derived from embryonic stem cells in vitro

The metalloproteinase family of proteolytic enzymes can degrade extracellular matrix and facilitate invasive migration. This class of enzymes is specifically inhibited by the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1). Using homologous recombination, we have disrupted the gene encoding TIMP-1 in pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Because the TIMP-1 gene is X linked and is hemizygous in embryonic stem cells, we have been able to study the effect of this mutation in culture. Using a basement membrane invasion assay, we found that the mutant cells, differentiated in low concentrations of serum with retinoic acid, were more invasive than their normal cell counterparts, and that this was specifically reversed by adding exogenous TIMP-1 protein. The invasive cell population had characteristics of an early population of primitive mesenchymal cells, including expression of vimentin and a transient period of invasiveness from 4-8 d after initiation of differentiation. Therefore, metalloproteinase activity can be rate limiting for cell invasion.
Homogeneous loop quantum cosmology: the role of the spin connection

Homogeneous cosmological models with non-vanishing intrinsic curvature require a special treatment when they are quantized with loop quantum cosmological methods. Guidance from the full theory which is lost in this context can be replaced by two criteria for an acceptable quantization, admissibility of a continuum approximation and local stability. A quantization of the corresponding Hamiltonian constraints is presented and shown to lead to a locally stable, non-singular evolution compatible with almost classical behaviour at large volume. As an application, the Bianchi IX model and its modified behaviour close to its classical singularity is explored.
ChemTreeMap: an interactive map of biochemical similarity in molecular datasets

MOTIVATION What if you could explain complex chemistry in a simple tree and share that data online with your collaborators? Computational biology often incorporates diverse chemical data to probe a biological question, but the existing tools for chemical data are ill-suited for the very large datasets inherent to bioinformatics. Furthermore, existing visualization methods often require an expert chemist to interpret the patterns. Biologists need an interactive tool for visualizing chemical information in an intuitive, accessible way that facilitates its integration into today's team-based biological research. RESULTS ChemTreeMap is an interactive, bioinformatics tool designed to explore chemical space and mine the relationships between chemical structure, molecular properties, and biological activity. ChemTreeMap synergistically combines extended connectivity fingerprints and a neighbor-joining algorithm to produce a hierarchical tree with branch lengths proportional to molecular similarity. Compound properties are shown by leaf color, size and outline to yield a user-defined visualization of the tree. Two representative analyses are included to demonstrate ChemTreeMap's capabilities and utility: assessing dataset overlap and mining structure-activity relationships. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The examples from this paper may be accessed at http://ajing.github. io/ChemTreeMap/ Code for the server and client are available in the Supplementary Information, at the aforementioned github site, and on Docker Hub (https://hub.docker.com) with the nametag ajing/chemtreemap. CONTACT carlsonh@umich.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Extracellular ATP as a trigger for apoptosis or programmed cell death

Extracellular ATP is shown here to induce programmed cell death (or apoptosis) in thymocytes and certain tumor cell lines. EM studies indicate that the ATP-induced death of thymocytes and susceptible tumor cells follows morphological changes usually associated with glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of thymocytes. These changes include condensation of chromatin, blebbing of the cell surface, and breakdown of the nucleus. Cytotoxicity assays using double-labeled cells show that ATP-mediated cell lysis is accompanied by fragmentation of the target cell DNA. DNA fragmentation can be set off by ATP but not the nonhydrolysable analogue ATP gamma S nor other nucleoside-5'- triphosphates. ATP-induced DNA fragmentation but not ATP-induced 51Cr release can be blocked in cells pretreated with inhibitors of protein or RNA synthesis or the endonuclease inhibitor, zinc; whereas pretreatment with calmidazolium, a potent calmodulin antagonist, blocks both DNA fragmentation and 51Cr release. The biochemical and morphological changes caused by ATP are preceded by a rapid increase in the cytoplasmic calcium of the susceptible cell. Calcium fluxes by themselves, however, are not sufficient to cause apoptosis, as the pore- forming protein, perforin, causes cell lysis without DNA fragmentation or the morphological changes associated with apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that ATP can cause cell death through two independent mechanisms, one of which, requiring an active participation on the part of the cell, takes place through apoptosis.
Crosstalk of EGFR signalling with Notch and Hippo pathways to regulate cell specification, migration and proliferation in cockroach panoistic ovaries

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling is crucial for the regulation of multiple developmental processes. Its function in relation to insect oogenesis has been thoroughly studied in the fly Drosophila melanogaster, which possesses ovaries of the highly modified meroistic type. Conversely, studies in other insect species with different ovary types are scarce. We have studied EGFR functions in the oogenesis of the cockroach Blattella germanica, a phylogenetically basal insect with panoistic ovaries.
Back to the future: interactivity and associational narrativity at the Bauhaus

Abstract This paper contextualises the themes of interactivity and associational narrativity within a wider historicaltrajectory, by examining projects conducted at the Bauhaus during the 1920s. Bauhaus artists such as László Moholy-Nagy and Oskar Schlemmer developed models and theories for cinema, theatre and installation art, which sought to surrender authorial control and engage the audience as a creative force. As contemporary artists continue to debate how to transform interactivity into an aesthetically compelling rather than participatory activity, Bauhaus projects, with their focus on associational narratives and awareness of embodied cognition, offer inspiration for current practice.