Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of high gain UWB textile antenna for wearable application

In this paper a UWB (Ultra Wide Band) textile antenna suitable for wearable application in medical field has been introduced. This proposed antenna consists of a circular patch with diamond shaped slot and circular slot. Here, flannel fabric is used as the antenna substrate while patch and ground plane is made of copper sheets. Overall size of antenna is 30×30×1mm3. HFSS software is used to simulate this antenna design. The designed UWB wearable textile antenna radiates at 5.1GHz covering the frequency range 3GHz–6.5GHz. Simulated results show good impedance matching and return loss below −20dB. This UWB textile antenna is fabricated as well as tested with three different fabrics; jeans, cotton and flannel and its results were compared. The proposed antenna is compact in size with minimum thickness making seamless for the person who is wearing it.
Exosomes and the kidney: Blaming the messenger

Exosomes are membrane‐bound vesicles of endosomal origin, present in a wide range of biological fluids, including blood and urine. They range between 30 and 100 nm in diameter, and consist of a limiting lipid bilayer, transmembrane proteins and a hydrophilic core containing proteins, mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNA). Exosomes can act as extracellular vehicles by which cells communicate, through the delivery of their functional cargo to recipient cells, with many important biological, physiological and pathological implications. The exosome release pathway contributes towards protein secretion, antigen presentation, pathogen transfer and cancer progression. Exosomes and exosome‐mediated signalling have been implicated in disease processes such as atherosclerosis, calcification and kidney diseases. Circulating levels of exosomes and extracellular vesicles can be influenced by the progression of renal disease. Advances in methods for purification and analysis of exosomes are leading to potential diagnostic and therapeutic avenues for kidney diseases. This review will focus on biophysical properties and biogenesis of exosomes, their pathophysiological roles and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutics in kidney diseases.
Structural Requirements of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor for Tyrosine Phosphorylation of eps8 and eps15, Substrates Lacking Src SH2 Homology Domains (*)

Phosphorylation of two newly identified epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor substrates, eps8 and eps15, which do not possess Src homology (SH2) domains, was investigated using EGF receptor mutants of the autophosphorylation sites and deletion mutants of the carboxyl-terminal region. Two mutants, F5, in which all five tyrosine autophosphorylation sites substituted by phenylalanine, and Dc 123F, in which four tyrosines were removed by deletion and the fifth (Tyr-992) was mutated into phenylalanine, phosphorylated eps8 and eps15 as efficiently as the wild-type receptor. In contrast, SH2-containing substrates, phospholipase C, the GTPase-activating protein of Ras, the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, and the Src and collagen homology protein, are not phosphorylated by the F5 and Dc 123F mutants. A longer EGF receptor deletion mutant, Dc 214, lacking all five autophosphorylation sites, was unable to phosphorylate eps15 but phosphorylated eps8 13-fold more than the wild-type receptor. To determine the EGF receptor region important for phosphorylation of eps8 and eps15, progressive deletion mutants lacking the final 123, 165, 196, and 214 COOH-terminal residues were used. eps8 phosphorylation was progressively increased in Dc 165, Dc 196, and Dc 214 EGF receptor mutants, indicating that removal of the final 214 COOH-terminal residues increases the phosphorylation of this substrate by the EGF receptor. In contrast, eps15 was phosphorylated by Dc 123 and Dc 165 EGF receptor mutants but not by Dc 196 and Dc 214 mutants. This indicates that a region of 30 residues located between Dc 165 and Dc 196 is essential for eps15 phosphorylation. This is the first demonstration of structural requirements in the EGF receptor COOH terminus for efficient phosphorylation of non-SH2-containing substrates. In addition, enhanced eps8 phosphorylation correlates well with the increased transforming potential of EGF receptor deletion mutants Dc 196 and Dc 214, suggesting that this substrate may be involved in mitogenic signaling.
Role of an inwardly rectifying potassium current in rabbit ventricular action potential.

1. Whole‐cell voltage‐clamp measurements were made of the time‐ and voltage‐dependent properties of the inwardly rectifying background potassium current IK1, in single myocytes from rabbit ventricle. The main goal of these experiments was to define the role of IK1 in the plateau and repolarization phases of the action potential (AP). 2. Action potentials from single ventricular myocytes were used as the command signals for voltage‐clamp measurements. In these ‘action potential voltage‐clamp’ experiments, IK1 was isolated from other membrane currents by taking the difference between control currents and currents in K(+)‐free bathing solution. The results show that IK1 is small during the plateau, but then rapidly increases during repolarization and declines in early diastole. 3. Evidence of an important functional role for IK1 in AP repolarization was obtained by comparing the magnitude of IK1 and the rate of change of membrane potential (dVm/dt) in the same cell during the AP. The time courses of IK1 and dVm/dt during the AP were closely correlated, indicating that IK1 was the principal current responsible for final repolarization. 4. Rectangular voltage‐clamp steps were used to study time‐ and voltage‐dependent changes in IK1 at membrane potentials corresponding to the repolarization phase of the AP. ‘Slow’ relaxations or tail currents, lasting 100‐300 ms, were consistently recorded when the cell was repolarized to potentials in the range ‐30 to ‐70 mV, following depolarizations between +10 and ‐10 mV. 5. The close correlation between the magnitude of the steady‐state IK1 (in an external K+ concentration of 5.4 mM), which was outward for membrane potentials in the range ‐30 to ‐70 mV, and the magnitude of the tail currents, suggests that they resulted from a slow increase, or reactivation, of IK1. 6. The component of the slow tails due to reactivation of IK1 can be separated from a previously described component due to Na(+)‐Ca2+ exchange since the IK1 component: (i) does not depend on the presence of the calcium current, ICa; (ii) can be recorded when internal EGTA (5 mM) suppresses large changes in [Ca2+]i; (iii) does not depend on the Na+ electrochemical gradient; (iv) is abolished in K(+)‐free external solution; and (v) is not present in rabbit atrial myocytes, in which IK1 is very small. 7. The time‐ and voltage‐dependent properties of IK1 revealed by these tail current experiments suggest that the measured magnitude of IK1 will be dependent on the voltage‐clamp protocol. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Cell Survival Fraction Estimation Based on the Probability Densities of Domain and Cell Nucleus Specific Energies Using Improved Microdosimetric Kinetic Models

Estimation of the survival fractions of cells irradiated with various particles over a wide linear energy transfer (LET) range is of great importance in the treatment planning of charged-particle therapy. Two computational models were developed for estimating survival fractions based on the concept of the microdosimetric kinetic model. They were designated as the double-stochastic microdosimetric kinetic and stochastic microdosimetric kinetic models. The former model takes into account the stochastic natures of both domain and cell nucleus specific energies, whereas the latter model represents the stochastic nature of domain specific energy by its approximated mean value and variance to reduce the computational time. The probability densities of the domain and cell nucleus specific energies are the fundamental quantities for expressing survival fractions in these models. These densities are calculated using the microdosimetric and LET-estimator functions implemented in the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) in combination with the convolution or database method. Both the double-stochastic microdosimetric kinetic and stochastic microdosimetric kinetic models can reproduce the measured survival fractions for high-LET and high-dose irradiations, whereas a previously proposed microdosimetric kinetic model predicts lower values for these fractions, mainly due to intrinsic ignorance of the stochastic nature of cell nucleus specific energies in the calculation. The models we developed should contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of cell inactivation, as well as improve the accuracy of treatment planning of charged-particle therapy.
The interaction between hexamethonium and tubocurarine on the rat neuromuscular junction

1 The ability of hexamethonium (C6) to reverse the neuromuscular blocking action of tubocurarine (Tc) has been reinvestigated at the voltage clamped endplate of the omohyoid muscle of rat. The possibility that a weak anticholinesterase action of C6 could contribute to the paradoxical potentiation of the peak amplitude of the endplate response has been examined. 2 C6 (50–200 μm) caused an increase in the amplitude of nerve‐evoked endplate currents (e.p.cs) recorded in the presence of 0.6 μm Tc. The effect decreased with hyperpolarization of the muscle fibre. Irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase resulted in a loss of the anti‐curare effect of C6. 3 C6 did not cause an increase in e.p.c. amplitude when acetylcholine (ACh) receptors were blocked irreversibly by α‐bungaratoxin. When transmission was blocked by increased Mg2+ concentration, C6 (50–400 μm) reduced the amplitude of e.p.cs without appreciably affecting their time course. 4 C6 caused a decrease in the amplitude of miniature endplate currents (m.e.p.cs) the effect being slightly increased when the fibre was hyperpolarized. An e‐fold increase in the effectiveness of C6 occurred with approximately 58 mV hyperpolarization. High concentrations (> 400 μm) affected the time course of m.e.p.cs in a manner suggestive of open channel block, but this was not evident at 200 μm, the concentration that was most effective in reversing Tc block. 5 When tested against responses to short ionophoretic pulses of agonists, C6 was less effective against ACh ((EC50 ca. 300 μm) than against carbachol (CCh) (EC50 100 μm). When cholinesterase was irreversibly inhibited, C6 blocked responses to both agonists equally (EC50 ca. 100 μm). 6 The effectiveness of C6 in blocking the action of CCh was reduced 10 fold in the presence of 0.6 μm Tc, implying that the two antagonists compete for the same binding site. 7 C6 (50–200 μm) in the presence of Tc (0.6 μm) increased the response to ionophoretically applied ACh but not that to CCh. 8 C6 was equipotent in blocking m.e.p.cs and responses to ionophoretically applied ACh whereas Tc was more potent against the exogenously applied agonist. 9 C6 was a weak inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase activity in rat muscle homogenates (EC50 1.5 mm). 10 The results are discussed in terms of the kinetic hypothesis advanced by Ginsborg & Stephenson (1974) to account for the Tc reversal phenomenon. It is concluded that this theory can explain most of the effect on e.p.cs, but that the weak anticholinesterase action of C6 is also a factor, particularly in the reversal of Tc block of ionophoretic responses.
Longitudinal Study of Sustained Attention in Outpatients with Bipolar Disorder

Abstract Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) may exhibit attentional deficits, however, the extent of impairment and long-term fluctuations in performance in attention are relatively unknown. We investigated the relationship between sustained attention and affective symptoms over time among BD patients. We also examined whether global differences in attentional capacity differed among BD versus normal comparison (NC) subjects. Participants included 106 outpatients with BD and 66 NC subjects who were administered symptom rating scales and a measure of sustained attention (Continuous Performance Test- Identical Pairs). Measures were repeated 6, 12, and 26 weeks post-baseline. Compared to NC subjects, participants with BD showed impairment in sustained attention across time. Within patient increases in manic symptoms were associated with increased false alarms; both manic and depressive symptoms were associated with worse discrimination. Neither manic nor depressive symptoms were related to hit rates. Our results indicate that the ability to inhibit a response to near miss stimuli (i.e., those that are close to but not identical to the target) is globally impaired among BD patients relative to NC subjects, as well as state-dependent, covarying with affective symptoms. Psychosocial interventions requiring high levels of attentional capacity may need to be adapted according to patients’ current symptomatology. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–8)
Respiratory responses to repeated prolonged exposure to 0.12 ppm ozone.

Repeated exposure to high concentrations of ozone results first in augmentation (typically on the second day) and then attenuation of pulmonary response in humans. To determine the effects of repeated prolonged low-concentration ozone exposure, we exposed 17 healthy nonsmoking male subjects to 0.12 ppm ozone for 6.6 h on 5 consecutive days. Subjects were also exposed once to filtered air. Volunteers exercised at a ventilation of approximately 39 L/min for 50 min of each hour during the exposure. Spirometry, plethysmography, and symptom responses were obtained before, during, and after each exposure. Nasal lavage and aerosol bolus dispersion were obtained before and after exposure. Spirometry decreased and symptoms increased on the first day. Responses were less on the second day compared with those on the first day, and they were absent compared with control values on the subsequent 3 days of ozone exposure. Percent change in FEV1 after ozone exposure compared with that after air exposure averaged -12.79, -8.73, -2.54, -0.6, +0.18% for Days 1 to 5 of ozone exposure, respectively. FEV1 responses ranged from a zero to 34% decrease on Days 1 and 2. After each exposure, we determined the ratio of SRaw after inhaling a fixed dose of methacholine to SRaw after inhaling saline aerosol, as an index of airway responsiveness. Airway responsiveness was significantly increased after each ozone exposure. The mean ratios were 2.22, 3.67, 4.55, 3.99, 3.24, and 3.74 for filtered air and ozone Days 1 to 5, respectively. Symptoms of cough and pain on deep inspiration increased significantly on ozone Day 1 only. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of lactational status on forage intake, digestibility, and particulate passage rate of beef cows supplemented with soybean meal, wheat middlings, and corn and soybean meal.

Sixteen mature, lactating (453 kg) and 16 nonlactating (487 kg) Hereford and Angus x Hereford cows were used to determine effects of different dietary supplements and lactational status on forage intake, digestibility, and particulate passage rate. Supplement treatments and amounts fed (kg/d) were as follows: control, 0; and equal daily amounts of CP from soybean meal (SBM), 1.36; wheat middlings (WM), 3.41; or a blend of corn and soybean meal (corn-SBM; 22% corn and 76% SBM), 3.41. Cows were fed supplements at 0800 and had ad libitum access to prairie hay (4.9% CP) in stalls from 0800 to 1100 and from 1300 to 1600 for three 17-d periods. Lactational status and supplement type did not interact (P greater than .50) for hay DMI, DM digestibility, or particulate passage rate. Cows fed SBM ate more hay DM (P less than .01) and had greater hay DM digestibility (P less than .01) than did cows in other treatment groups. Average hay DMI (kg/100 kg of BW) was 1.95, 2.16, 1.94, and 1.89, and hay DM digestibility was 52, 61, 55, and 53% for control, SBM, WM, and corn-SBM supplements, respectively. Total diet DM digestibility was increased by supplementation (P less than .01), but no differences (P greater than .18) were observed among supplements. Lactating cows ate more (P = .13) hay DM (2.11 vs 1.87 kg/100 kg of BW) and had greater (P less than .05) fecal output (4.6 vs 4.3 kg/d) than did nonlactating cows. Dry matter digestibility and particulate passage rate were not affected (P greater than .35) by lactational status. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of alcohol on risk‐taking during simulated driving

The effect of alcohol on judgement or conscious risk‐taking may increase the likelihood of an automobile accident. This study examined the direct effects of penalty severity and alcohol on risk‐taking in a novel simulated‐driving lane‐choice task. Thirteen male social drinkers received alcohol (0.3 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg, 0.8 g/kg) or placebo during each of four test sessions in a randomized, within subject design. In repeated trials, subjects selected, then drove through a cone‐defined lane. Contingent upon performance, points were added (+ 5 for the narrower lane, + 3 for the wider lane) and taken away (− 1, − 3, or − 5 points per hit cone) after each trial. Risk‐taking was defined as a selection of the narrower‐width lane. The frequency of risk‐taking decreased as the penalty increased. The 0.5 g/kg dose, compared to other alcohol doses or placebo, significantly increased risk‐taking in the high‐risk (5‐point penalty) condition. This finding suggests that breath alcohol concentrations within current legal standards can alter a driver's decision‐making such that the willingness to enter a high‐risk situation is increased. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electromyographic (EMG) normalization method for cycle fatigue protocols.

PURPOSE To determine the most effective electromyographic (EMG) normalization method for cycling fatigue protocols. METHODS Ten healthy subjects performed two 5-s isometric knee extension maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) at a knee joint angle of 60 degrees, two fixed cycle pedal contraction at knee joint angles of 60 degrees (60 degrees A) and 108 degrees (108 degrees A), and a dynamic single maximal revolution of a cycle pedal (1REV). Integrated EMG (IEMG) data were recorded for all contractions and power output recorded during MVC and 1REV. RESULTS Mean IEMG for MVC was significantly (P < 0.01) greater than 60 degrees C, 108 degrees C, and 1REV. There were no significant differences between MVC and 1REV power output/EMG relationship. CONCLUSIONS MVC will record a higher IEMG than 60 degrees A, 108 degrees A, and 1REV. As IEMG was greatest during MVC, and the relationship between IEMG and power output was not different between MVC and 1REV, normalization against maximal possible recruitment potential is most likely during MVC.
Work ability among Finnish workers with type 1 diabetes.

BACKGROUND Work ability represents the balance between individual resources, health status and job demands. As far as we are aware, these issues have not been examined in working people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). AIMS To examine how work-related and diabetes-related factors are associated with work ability among male and female workers. METHODS Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of 2500 people with T1D from the Medication Reimbursement Register of The Social Insurance Institution of Finland. The associations of the predictors of poor work ability were examined in a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The final sample comprised 767 working people aged 18-64 with T1D; overall response rate 49%. One in every three working men and women with T1D had poor work ability. High job demands and low job control were associated with poor work ability in both genders. Physical work and low worktime control were significantly associated with poor work ability in men but not in women with T1D. A self-reported high value of glycosylated haemoglobin was the only diabetes-related variable associated with poor work ability in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS Work-related factors and poor glycaemic control were associated with poor work ability in individuals with T1D. Thus, job control and worktime control should be taken into account in supporting the work ability of workers with T1D.
Ontology-based Search Algorithms over Large-Scale Unstructured Peer-to-Peer Networks

Peer-to-Peer(P2P) systems have emerged as a promising paradigm to structure large scale distributed systems. They provide a robust, scalable and decentralized way to share and publish data.The unstructured P2P systems have gained much popularity in recent years for their wide applicability and simplicity. However efficient resource discovery remains a fundamental challenge for unstructured P2P networks due to the lack of a network structure. To effectively harness the power of unstructured P2P systems, the challenges in distributed knowledge management and information search need to be overcome. Current attempts to solve the problems pertaining to knowledge management and search have focused on simple term based routing indices and keyword search queries. Many P2P resource discovery applications will require more complex query functionality, as users will publish semantically rich data and need efficiently content location algorithms that find target content at moderate cost. Therefore, effective knowledge and data management techniques and search tools for information retrieval are imperative and lasting. In my dissertation, I present a suite of protocols that assist in efficient content location and knowledge management in unstructured Peer-to-Peer overlays. The basis of these schemes is their ability to learn from past peer interactions and increasing their performance with time.My work aims to provide effective and bandwidth-efficient searching and data sharing in unstructured P2P environments. A suite of algorithms which provide peers in unstructured P2P overlays with the state necessary in order to efficiently locate, disseminate and replicate objects is presented. Also, Existing approaches to federated search are adapted and new methods are developed for semantic knowledge representation, resource selection, and knowledge evolution for efficient search in dynamic and distributed P2P network environments. Furthermore,autonomous and decentralized algorithms that reorganizes an unstructured network topology into a one with desired search-enhancing properties are proposed in a network evolution model to facilitate effective and efficient semantic search in dynamic environments. INDEX WORDS: Peer-to-Peer networks, Query routing, Semantic search, Unstructured overlay, Indexing, Semantic clustering, Replication ONTOLOGY-BASED SEARCH ALGORITHMS OVER LARGE-SCALE UNSTRUCTURED PEER-TO-PEER NETWORKS