Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of AlN determined by vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry data

Precise and accurate knowledge of the optical properties of aluminum nitride (AlN) in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) regions is important because of the increasing application of AlN in optical and electro-optical devices, including compact disks, phase shift lithography masks, and AlN/GaN multilayer devices. The interband optical properties in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region of 6–44 eV have been investigated previously because they convey detailed information on the electronic structure and interatomic bonding of the material. In this work, we have combined spectroscopic ellipsometry with UV/VIS and VUV spectroscopy to directly determine the optical constants of AlN in this range, thereby reducing the uncertainty in the preparation of the low-energy data extrapolation essential for Kramers–Kronig analysis of VUV reflectance. We report the complex optical properties of AlN, over the range of 1.5–42 eV, showing improved agreement with theory when contrasted with earlier results.
"Present research activities and future requirements on automotive radar from a car manufacturer´s point of view"

Automotive Radar has already found its way into nearly all car manufacturers portfolio, even for small car platforms. Over the decades, the performance requirements increased steadily from simple detector tasks in blind spot monitoring systems to multi range smart environment perception sensors. The utmost push in performance requirement is initiated with the trend towards highly automated driving. Future automotive radar systems have to provide imaging like capabilities and have to interact in radar networks, which allow for highly comprehensive perception tasks. The paper will provide an overview on state of the art automotive radar usage on the basis of the DAIMLER car platforms, will give an outline on future requirements for highly automated driving and will present recent approaches in radar based environmental perception.
EVALUATION OF PACKET LOSS EFFECT ON NETWORK PERFORMANCE

: Any advancement in new technologies requires a reliable and affordable networking infrastructure. The network performance can be expressed by several metrics such as throughput, delay and packet loss. Many networking protocols, standards and technologies were developed without full and thorough examination of the underlying performance metrics. One major metrics is the packet loss as it affects the overall performance of the network. Increased packet lost can lead to increased packets retransmissions and may worsen the network performance. In this paper, we examine the effect of packets loss in different networking scenarios. Results obtained from both simulation and analytical models are reported.
Towards a Virtual Ecosystem for K-8 Education

In literally all walks of life, computing has become an indispensable tool in enhancing productivity and accelerating discovery and innovation. However, with respect to K-8 education, particularly in rural and under-privileged areas, computing has had limited impact, and arguably, serves as further evidence of the ever-growing digital divide. To address this, we propose to use virtualization to improve the quality of education in the rural and economically disadvantaged areas of southwest and southern Virginia. In addition to the expected benefits of reduced cost and simplified management, our application of virtualization seeks to increase the usability and flexibility of computing resources while simultaneously ensuring the security and robustness of these resources. Specifically, this paper describes the design, prototyping, and deployment of our virtual ecosystem called SERViCE for a K-8 school in rural southwest Virginia. We pay particular attention in employing security measures that are intended to protect physical assets and private information in the face of increasingly malicious attacks on computing infrastructure as well as safeguarding our youth on the Internet. We then summarize our initial experiences in using our SERViCE ecosystem to teach programming to secondand third-grade students at the school.
Optical frequency stabilization of a 10 GHz Ti:sapphire frequency comb by saturated absorption spectroscopy in 87rubidium

The high power per mode of a recently developed 10 GHz femtosecond Ti:sapphire frequency comb permits nonlinear Doppler-free saturation spectroscopy in 87 Rb with a single mode of the comb. We use this access to the natural linewidth of the rubidium D2 line to effectively stabilize the optical frequencies of the comb with an instability of 7 10 �12 in 1so faveraging. The repetition rate is stabilized to a microwave reference leading to a stabilized and atomically referenced comb. The frequency stability of the 10 GHz comb is characterized using optical heterodyne with an independent self-referenced 1 GHz comb. In addition, we present alternative stabilization approaches for high repetition rate frequency combs and evaluate their expected stabilities.
Global detection of complex copying relationships between sources

Web technologies have enabled data sharing between sources but also simplified copying (and often publishing without proper attribution). The copying relationships can be complex: some sources copy from multiple sources on different subsets of data; some co-copy from the same source, and some transitively copy from another. Understanding such copying relationships is desirable both for business purposes and for improving many key components in data integration, such as resolving conflicts across various sources, reconciling distinct references to the same real-world entity, and efficiently answering queries over multiple sources. Recent works have studied how to detect copying between a pair of sources, but the techniques can fall short in the presence of complex copying relationships. In this paper we describe techniques that discover global copying relationships between a set of structured sources. Towards this goal we make two contributions. First, we propose a global detection algorithm that identifies co-copying and transitive copying, returning only source pairs with direct copying. Second, global detection requires accurate decisions on copying direction; we significantly improve over previous techniques on this by considering various types of evidence for copying and correlation of copying on different data items. Experimental results on real-world data and synthetic data show high effectiveness and efficiency of our techniques.
A Coarse Grain Reconfigurable Processor Architecture for Stream Processing Engine

This paper proposes a processor architecture for DR-SPE, a dynamic reconfigurable stream processing engine. DR-SPE is special-purpose hardware for stream data processing, which achieves high processing performance by exploiting parallelism in the target query. It also handles query registration and execution order of operations at runtime. Available operations in DR-SPE are the same as those in Streams on Wires. In this paper, DR-SPE is implemented on a FPGA XC6VLX240T-1, and its performance is evaluated. The results of the evaluation show that DR-SPE achieves register modification within 506 $\mu$sec when the configuration path is driven at 1 Mbps, which is not achieved by Streams on Wires. DR-SPE also achieves flexibility and can support complicated queries by providing 10$\times$10 operation units tiled onto an FPGA. DR-SPE achieves comparable operation throughput with Streams on Wires at the expense of requiring more LUTs.
Suppression of lung cancer progression by biocompatible glycerol triacrylate–spermine-mediated delivery of shAkt1

Background Polyethylenimine (PEI)-based nonviral gene-delivery systems are commonly employed because of their high transfection efficiency. However, the toxic nature of PEI is a significant obstacle in clinical gene therapy. In this study, we developed biocompatible glycerol triacrylate–spermine (GT–SPE) polyspermine as a nanosized gene carrier for potential lung cancer gene therapy. Methods The GT–SPE was synthesized using the Michael addition reaction between GT and SPE. The molecular weight was characterized using gel permeability chromatography multiangle laser light scattering and the composition of the polymer was analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Results The GT–SPE successfully protected the DNA from nucleases. The average particle size of the GT–SPE was 121 nm with a zeta potential of +23.45 mV. The GT–SPE was found to be less toxic than PEI for various cell lines, as well as for a murine model. Finally, our results showed that the GT–SPE/small hairpin Akt1 (shAkt1) complex suppressed lung tumorigenesis in a K-rasLA1 lung cancer mice model by inducing apoptosis through the Akt signaling pathway and cell cycle arrest. Aerosol delivered GT–SPE/shAkt1, which reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and suppressed the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, as well as vascular endothelial growth factors and CD31, which are known proliferation and angiogenesis markers, respectively. Conclusion Our data suggest that GT–SPE may be a candidate for short hairpin-shaped RNA-based aerosol lung cancer gene therapy.
Rebalancing the 3 Pillars of Basel 2

This paper develops a formal model of banking regulation where the interactions between the 3 pillars of Basel 2 can be analyzed. It also pro- vides a formal analysis of the mandatory subdebt proposal and shows that, under certain conditions, Pillar 1 (solvency ratio) and Pillar 3 (market disci- pline) are partially substitutable. The same is true for Pillar 2 (supervisory action) and Pillar 3. Moreover, I find a strong complementarity between mar- ket discipline and supervisory action: one cannot work efficiently without the other. The main policy implication is that, instead of spending so much time on refining Pillar 1, the Basel Committee should seriously think about the practical ways to implement Pillars 2 and 3.
Analysis of the Optimal Strategy for WLAN Location Determination Systems

Abstract This paper presents a general analysis for the performance of WLAN location determination systems. WLAN location determination systems estimate the users location using software-based techniques in a WLAN environment. We present an analytical method for calculating the average distance error and probability of error of WLAN location determination systems. These expressions are obtained with no assumptions regarding the distribution of signal strength or the probability of the user being at a specific location, which are usually taken to be in uniform distribution over all the possible locations in current WLAN location determination systems. We use these expressions to find the optimal strategy to estimate user location and to prove formally that probabilistic techniques give more accuracy than deterministic techniques, which has been taken for granted, without proof, for some time. The analytical results are validated through simulation experiments and we present the results of testing actual WLAN location determination systems in an experimental testbed. We also study the effect of the assumption that the user's position follows a uniform distribution over the set of possible locations on the accuracy of WLAN location determination systems. Knowing the probability distribution of the user's position can reduce the number of access points required to obtain a given accuracy. With a high density of access points, however, the performance of a WLAN location determination system is consistent under different probability distributions for the user's position, which can be used to reduce the energy consumed in the location determination algorithm and the time required to build the user profile.
The Hadropithecus conundrum reconsidered, with implications for interpreting diet in fossil hominins

The fossil ‘monkey lemur’ Hadropithecus stenognathus has long excited palaeontologists because its skull bears an astonishing resemblance to those of robust australopiths, an enigmatic side branch of the human family tree. Multiple lines of evidence point to the likelihood that these australopiths ate at least some ‘hard’, stress-limited food items, but conflicting data from H. stenognathus pose a conundrum. While its hominin-like craniofacial architecture is suggestive of an ability to generate high bite forces, details of its tooth structure suggest that it was not well equipped to withstand the forces imposed by cracking hard objects. Here, we use three-dimensional digital reconstructions and finite-element analysis to test the hard-object processing hypothesis. We show that Archaeolemur sp. cf. A. edwardsi, a longer-faced close relative of H. stenognathus that lacked hominin convergences, was probably capable of breaking apart large, stress-limited food items, while Hadropithecus was better suited to processing small, displacement-limited (tougher but more compliant) foods. Our suggestion that H. stenognathus was not a hard-object feeder has bearing on the interpretation of hominin cranial architecture; the features shared by H. stenognathus and robust australopiths do not necessarily reflect adaptations for hard-object processing.
Trapping Effects in the Transient Response of AlGaN/GaN HEMT Devices

In this paper, the transient analysis of an AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) device is presented. Drain-current dispersion effects are investigated when gate or drain voltages are pulsed. Gate-lag and drain-lag turn-on measurements are analyzed, revealing clear mechanisms of current collapse and related dispersion effects. Numerical 2-D transient simulations considering surface traps effects in a physical HEMT model have also been carried out. A comparison between experimental and theoretical results is shown. The presence of donor-type traps acting as hole traps, due to their low energy level of 0.25 eV relative to the valence band, with densities >1e20 cm-3 (>5e12 cm-2), uniformly distributed at the HEMT surface, and interacting with the free holes that accumulated at the top surface due to piezoelectric fields, accounts for the experimentally observed effects. Time constants next to 10 ms are deduced. Some additional features in the measured transient currents, with faster time constants, could not be associated with surface states
The ANYNT project intelligence test Λone

All tests in psychometrics, comparative psychology and cognition which have been put into practice lack a mathematical (computational) foundation or lack the capability to be applied to any kind of system (humans, non-human animals, machines, hybrids, collectives, etc.). In fact, most of them lack both things. In the past fifteen years, some efforts have been done to derive intelligence tests from formal intelligence definitions or vice versa, grounded on computational concepts. However, some of these approaches have not been able to create universal tests (i.e., tests which can evaluate any kind of subjects) and others have even failed to make a feasible test. The ANYNT project was conceived to explore the possibility of defining formal, universal and anytime intelligence tests, having a feasible implementation in mind. This paper presents the basics of the theory behind the ANYNT project and describes one of the test propotypes that were developed in the project: test Λone.
Models and Mechanistic Insight on A pril

" The mission of the Journal of General Physiology is to publish original work of the highest quality that elucidates basic biological, chemical, or physical mechanisms of broad physiological signifi cance. This expectation — that the articles provide mechanistic insight — has served the Journal well; it also has been cause for much uncertainty , mostly pertaining to what actually constitutes mechanistic insight? The Journal has a proud tradition of providing a venue where authors are able to convey their work, its signifi cance, and its mechanistic implications , in full. The emphasis on mechanistic insight and the associated scientifi c rigor also means that articles published in the Journal tend to have a very long shelf life, a factor not currently considered in the calculus of ' impact ' " (Andersen, 2008). The January 2008 editorial (re)emphasized the importance of mechanistic insight in the evaluation of submissions. In this editorial, written jointly at the transition of our editorships, we try to fl esh out by example and analysis the nature and the role of models in conveying mech-anistic insight. We do so because the question " what constitutes mechanistic insight " continues to come up in communications with authors and reviewers. To structure the editorial, we selected from the wealth of possibilities in the Journal ' s archives four publications that present diverse examples of models of physiological phenomena — and which continue to be AB(' 74) and BHC(' 02). After briefl y discussing each of the four articles we proceed to discuss the nature and roles of models in general physiology. HSP(' 42) was an experimental effort to determine whether the quantal nature of light energy transfer to visual pigment molecules had implications for vision. They developed an experimental model of a human observer detecting a small, briefl y fl ashed target imaged under night vision conditions: the target was fl ashed for 1 ms on a circular patch of the peripheral retina subtending ‫ف‬ 500 rod photoreceptors. In the model, an observer is hypothesized to detect the target if some criterion minimum number of photons is captured. For 7 observers in 25 different sessions, the average threshold (arbitrarily Abbreviations used in this paper: GHK, Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz; PSF, point-spread function; TTX, tetrodotoxin. defi ned as the light intensity giving rise to 60% detection) was 92 quanta. Physics dictates that the actual number of photons captured on any given …
Environmental Effects on Evolution of Cluster Galaxies in a Λ-dominated Cold Dark Matter Universe

We investigate environmental effects on evolution of bright cluster galaxies (L > L*) in a Λ-dominated cold dark matter universe using a combination of dissipationless N-body simulations and a semianalytic galaxy formation model. The N-body simulations enable us to calculate orbits of galaxies in simulated clusters. Therefore, we can incorporate stripping of cold gas from galactic disks by ram pressure (RP) from the intracluster medium into our model. In this paper we study how ram pressure stripping (RPS) and small starburst induced by a minor merger affect colors, star formation rates (SFRs), and morphologies of cluster galaxies. These processes are new ingredients in our model and have not been studied sufficiently. We find that the RPS is not important for colors and SFRs of galaxies in the cluster core if the star formation timescale is properly chosen, because the star formation is sufficiently suppressed by consumption of the cold gas in the disks. Then observed color and SFR gradients can be reproduced without the RPS. The small starburst triggered by a minor merger hardly affects the SFRs and colors of the galaxies as well. We also examine whether these two processes can resolve the known problem that the hierarchical clustering models based on the major merger-driven bulge formation scenario predict too few galaxies of intermediate bulge-to-total luminosity ratio (B/T) in clusters. When the minor burst is taken into account, the intermediate B/T population is increased, and the observed morphology gradients in clusters are successfully reproduced. Without the minor burst, the RPS cannot increase the intermediate B/T population. On the other hand, when the minor burst is considered, the RPS also plays an important role in formation of the intermediate B/T galaxies. We present redshift evolution of morphological fractions predicted by our models. The predicted number ratios of the intermediate B/T galaxies to the bulge-dominated galaxies show nearly flat or slightly increasing trends with increasing redshift. We conclude that these trends are inevitable when bulges are formed through mergers. We discuss whether our results conflict with observationally suggested NS0/NE evolution in clusters, which is a decreasing function of redshift.
Classification based on Predictive Association Rule for Discrimination Prevention

In data mining, discrimination is the subject which has been extensively studied in social and economic science. However, there are negative perceptions about data mining. Discrimination comes under two categories one is direct and second is indirect. Decisions based on sensitive attributes are termed as direct discrimination and the decisions which are based on non-sensitive attributes are termed as indirect discrimination which is strongly correlated with biased sensitive once. There are many new techniques proposed for solving discrimination prevention problems by applying direct or indirect discrimination prevention individually or both at the same time. New metrics to evaluate the utility were proposed and are compared with approaches. The proposed work discusses how privacy preservation and prevention between discrimination is implementing with the help of post processing approach. The Classification based on predictive association rules (CPAR) is a kind of association classification methods which combines the advantages of both associative classification and traditional rule-based classification which is used to prevent discrimination prevention in post processing by improving accuracy.
Local asymptotics for polynomial spline regression

In this paper we develop a general theory of local asymptotics for least squares estimates over polynomial spline spaces in a regression problem. The polynomial spline spaces we consider include univariate splines, tensor product splines, and bivariate or multivariate splines on triangulations. We establish asymptotic normality of the estimate and study the magnitude of the bias due to spline approximation. The asymptotic normality holds uniformly over the points where the regression function is to be estimated and uniformly over a broad class of design densities, error distributions and regression functions. The bias is controlled by the minimum L∞ norm of the error when the target regression function is approximated by a function in the polynomial spline space that is used to define the estimate. The control of bias relies on the stability in L∞ norm of L 2 projections onto polynomial spline spaces. Asymptotic normality of least squares estimates over polynomial or trigonometric polynomial spaces is also treated by the general theory. In addition, a preliminary analysis of additive models is provided.
Asset Allocation using Quasi Monte Carlo Methods

Suppose an investor wishes to select assets so as to maximize expected utility of endof-period wealth and/or consumption over time. The optimal asset allocation decision is of long standing interest to finance scholars and it has direct practical relevance. In a complete market the modern procedure for computing the optimal portfolio weights is known as the martingale approach and it was laid out by Cox and Huang (and other authors). Recently alternative implementations of the martingale approach based on Monte Carlo methods have been proposed. This paper describes one of these methods which involves the numerical computation of stochastic integrals. It is often possible to improve the efficiency of these computations by using deterministic numbers rather than random numbers. These deterministic numbers are known as quasi random numbers and they are selected so that they are well dispersed throughout the region of interest. The paper implements a method for computing the optimal portfolio weights that exploits a particular feature of quasi random numbers.