Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Erfassung des Selbstkonzepts im mittleren Kindesalter: Validierung einer deutschen Version des SDQ I 1Dieser Beitrag wurde unter der geschäftsführenden Herausgeberschaft von Jens Möller angenommen.

Zusammenfassung. Der Self-Description Questionnaire I (SDQ I; Marsh, 1990b) gehort zu den am ausfuhrlichsten empirisch evaluierten Verfahren zur Erfassung eines multidimensionalen Selbstkonzepts im mittleren Kindesalter. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine deutschsprachige Version dieses Instruments vor. Die psychometrischen Eigenschaften des deutschen SDQ I wurden an N = 589 Schulern der Klassenstufen drei bis sechs untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass sich die Mehrheit der Skalen des vorgestellten Verfahrens zur reliablen und validen Erfassung eines inhaltlich ausdifferenzierten Selbstkonzepts bei Kindern eignet. Validitatseinschrankungen ergaben sich hingegen fur das uber Selbsteinschatzungen zum Lesen erfasst verbale Selbstkonzept, das nicht deutlicher mit der Deutschnote korrelierte (r = .32) als das akademische Selbstkonzept fur verschiedene Schulfacher (r = .38). Auserdem sprachen die Befunde dafur, dass beim akademischen Selbstkonzept neben einem verbalen und mathematischen Bereich auch zwischen einem .
‘We can’t change much unless the exams change’: Teachers’ dilemmas in the curriculum reform in China

This article reports on a study of English secondary teachers’ perceptions of and implementation of the New English Curriculum Reform in China. Triangulated data collection methods were employed to gather information about teachers’ perceptions of the New Curriculum and their teaching behaviours in Central China. An implementation gap emerged between the new curriculum requirements and the teachers’ classroom practices, despite the teachers’ common endorsement of the new curriculum goals and pedagogies due to a series of interrelated contextual constraints: the considerable professional and psychological challenges to teachers, the students’ resistance, the lack of school support, physical constraints and, most importantly, the backwash effect of the prevalent examination culture in the Chinese society. The study suggests that it is crucially important to transform the current Gaokao-based assessments of schools and teachers to achieve alignment between the vision of educational policies on the curriculum reform and the reality of teachers’ practices at the grassroots level.
A Different Type of Convergence for Statistical Learning Algorithms

We discuss stability for a class of learning algorithms with respect to noisy labels. The algorithms we consider are for regression, and they involve the minimization of regularized risk functionals, such as L(f) := 1 N PN i=1(f(xi)− yi) +λ‖f‖H. We shall call the algorithm ‘stable’ if, when yi is a noisy version of f(xi) for some functionf ∈ H, the output of the algorithm converges to f as the regularization term and noise simultaneously vanish. We consider two flavors of this problem, one where a data set of N points remains fixed, and the other where N → ∞. For the case where N → ∞, we give conditions for convergence to fE (the function which is the expectation of y(x) for eachx), asλ → 0. For the fixedN case, we describe the limiting ’non-noisy’, ’non-regularized’ function f , and give conditions for convergence. In the process, we develop a set of tools for dealing with functionals such as L(f), which are applicable to many other problems in learning theory. keywords statistical learning theory, learning in the limit, regularized least squares regression, RKHS NotePlease consider me for the student travel support and for the Mark Fulk award. Thank you.
Conceptualizing Masculinity in Female-to-Male Trans-Identified Individuals: A Qualitative Inquiry

A non-normative gender identity raises questions concerning widely accepted theories of gender that prevail in Western society. These theories are founded upon dichotomous models of gender identity that are posited as having a direct relationship to binary biological sex. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how individuals who have transitioned from female to male (FTM) conceptualize their masculinity outside of the constraints of the binary model. Six FTM participants who had transitioned to some degree were interviewed. Through the exploration of the participants’ lived experience and understanding of their male identities, 5 major categories, 12 major themes, and 48 subthemes emerged. A process entitled Embodying a Male Identity was revealed. According to this process, the FTMs in this study embodied a male identity through a variety of experiences that serve to align external physiology with internal self. This process suggests that masculinity, which is often interpreted in the social realm as a validation of maleness, is not a requirement for, or a product of, a male gender identity. Rather, masculinity (alongside femininity) is viewed by participants as a set of traits that vary naturally in all humans (regardless of gender).
Saving Energy in Mobile Devices for On-Demand Multimedia Streaming -- A Cross-Layer Approach

This article proposes a novel energy-efficient multimedia delivery system called EStreamer. First, we study the relationship between buffer size at the client, burst-shaped TCP-based multimedia traffic, and energy consumption of wireless network interfaces in smartphones. Based on the study, we design and implement EStreamer for constant bit rate and rate-adaptive streaming. EStreamer can improve battery lifetime by 3x, 1.5x, and 2x while streaming over Wi-Fi, 3G, and 4G, respectively.
A novel role of alkaline phosphatase in protection from immunological liver injury in mice.

AIMS/BACKGROUND Little is known about the role of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in liver diseases, except for its elevation in jaundice or cholestasis. Its substrate, endotoxin, is usually elevated in patients as well as animals with liver damage. This study aimed to provide evidence for its new role as protection against immunological liver damage. METHODS Liver injury was induced in mice by delayed-type hypersensitivity to picryl chloride. AP activity was measured using a commercial kit. RESULTS In acute liver injury, a significant decrease in AP activity in serum was observed but there was an increase in liver tissue. Single administration of cyclophosphamide before sensitization with picryl chloride exacerbated the liver injury, with more serious AP changes, while consecutive use after the sensitization alleviated the injury with a recovery from the changes. When liver injury proceeded for 1 week, both serum and liver showed decreased AP activity. Lipopolysaccharide facilitated alanine transaminase release from levamisole-pretreated but not non-treated hepatocytes from naive mice. However, the release was confirmed from liver slices of mice with liver injury proceeding for 1 week, even without levamisole pretreatment. CONCLUSION The development of liver injury may lead to a dysfunction in AP synthesis and release. Levamisole may make normal hepatocytes, like the hepatocytes from liver-injured mice, highly sensitive to lipopolysaccharide through inhibiting AP synthesis. The findings obtained in this study suggest that AP may contribute to protection from injury by a mechanism involving neutralization of endotoxin.
Predictors of Interest in Sexual and Sentimental Relationships among Gay Males

Little is known of the factors that influence an individual’s interest in stable relationships. The drive to have support in child care is one, as evidenced by evolutionary theory, but that does not explain the formation of stable homosexual relationships, in which there is no risk of pregnancy from casual sex. Surveys were administered to 177 gay males to understand this phenomenon. Anxious attachment style and base sex drive were found to be the strongest predictors of, respectively, interest in uncommitted sex and interest in (stable) sentimental relationships. Avoidant attachment, sexual attitudes, and internalized homophobia also have an influence on the type of relationship sought. Interestingly, interest in sentimental relationships and interest in uncommitted sex appear not to be correlated.
Medical Care Quality and Operating Performance of Taiwan's Psychiatric Hospitals -- BNV-DEA and CND-DEA Applications

Wth a significant increase in the number of psychiatric patients, there has been a growing concern regarding the quality of medical care in psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan. Human resources and service quality, in particular, have drawn considerable public attention. As a result, the objective of this research is to study the relationship between medical care quality (human resources and service) and operating performance (technical efficiency, attractiveness measures, and progress indices). We formulate a mathematical model by integrating bounded-variable and context-dependent data envelopment analyses (BNV-DEA, CND-DEA respectively) and conduct an empirical study on 29 psychiatric institutes in Taiwan.
Toward a theoretical integration of context and competence inference research

The present analysis addresses the role of context in the process of inferring competence. First, a set of propositions regarding the nature of social contexts and communicative competence is developed. Second, an initial study designed to provide a partial test of these propositions is reported. Three hypotheses predicted that the outcome variables of Actor's self‐rating of competence, Actor's rating of Coactor's competence, and Actor's satisfaction with the conversation are a function of Actor's motivation to interact, knowledge of interaction, interaction skills, and contextual expectancy fulfillment. Results indicated that a large amount of variance (45–57%) in the three dependent variables is explained by the independent variables. Further, the context variables contribute a large proportion (19–44%) of the explained variance. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Predictability of the Length of Educational Routes and the Development of Career Lines.

Abstract The study was based on data from the Jyvaskyla Longitudinal Study of Social Development where about 90% of a sample (173 girls, 196 boys) was followed from the age of eight until the age of 26. The question investigated and reported concerned whether class teachers are able to estimate pupils’ resources for finding their way later on in life, and if so, what are their estimations based on. The estimations predicted the length of male and female educational route and the stability of male career lines. The estimations correlated with teacher assessment of school achievement and peer nominations of socially skilled behaviour. More attention in school could be paid to the development of socially skilled behaviour necessary in life to reduce self‐prophecy in education.
Higher Media Multi-Tasking Activity Is Associated with Smaller Gray-Matter Density in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Media multitasking, or the concurrent consumption of multiple media forms, is increasingly prevalent in today’s society and has been associated with negative psychosocial and cognitive impacts. Individuals who engage in heavier media-multitasking are found to perform worse on cognitive control tasks and exhibit more socio-emotional difficulties. However, the neural processes associated with media multi-tasking remain unexplored. The present study investigated relationships between media multitasking activity and brain structure. Research has demonstrated that brain structure can be altered upon prolonged exposure to novel environments and experience. Thus, we expected differential engagements in media multitasking to correlate with brain structure variability. This was confirmed via Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) analyses: Individuals with higher Media Multitasking Index (MMI) scores had smaller gray matter density in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Functional connectivity between this ACC region and the precuneus was negatively associated with MMI. Our findings suggest a possible structural correlate for the observed decreased cognitive control performance and socio-emotional regulation in heavy media-multitaskers. While the cross-sectional nature of our study does not allow us to specify the direction of causality, our results brought to light novel associations between individual media multitasking behaviors and ACC structure differences.
Thinking about feelings: Affective State Mentalization, Attachment Styles, and Borderline Personality Disorder Features Among Italian Nonclinical Adolescents

In order to Test Fonagy's (Fonagy & Bateman, 2008) hypotheses on the relationships among borderline personality disorder (BPD), mentalization, and attachment, nonclinical adolescents were assigned to a high-BPD group (n = 29), an average- BPD group (n = 31) and a low-BPD group (n = 29). Participants in the three groups were administered the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RET), the Lack of Emotional Clarity Scale from the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). High-BPD adolescents scored significantly lower than low-BPD adolescents on the RET (d= -0.66), and significantly higher than both other groups on the DERS LEC. When the effect of the ASQ scales was controlled for, the high-BPD group did not show any significant difference from the other groups on mentalization measures. These findings were consistent with Fonagy's (Fonagy & Bateman, 2008) model of BPD.
Constitutive Expression of OsIAA9 Affects Starch Granules Accumulation and Root Gravitropic Response in Arabidopsis

Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA) genes are early auxin response genes ecoding short-lived transcriptional repressors, which regulate auxin signaling in plants by interplay with Auxin Response Factors (ARFs). Most of the Aux/IAA proteins contain four different domains, namely Domain I, Domain II, Domain III, and Domain IV. So far all Aux/IAA mutants with auxin-related phenotypes identified in both Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa) are dominant gain-of-function mutants with mutations in Domain II of the corresponding Aux/IAA proteins, suggest that Aux/IAA proteins in both Arabidopsis and rice are largely functional redundantly, and they may have conserved functions. We report here the functional characterization of a rice Aux/IAA gene, OsIAA9. RT-PCR results showed that expression of OsIAA9 was induced by exogenously applied auxin, suggesting that OsIAA9 is an auxin response gene. Bioinformatic analysis showed that OsIAA9 has a repressor motif in Domain I, a degron in Domain II, and the conserved amino acid signatures for protein-protein interactions in Domain III and Domain IV. By generating transgenic plants expressing GFP-OsIAA9 and examining florescence in the transgenic plants, we found that OsIAA9 is localized in the nucleus. When transfected into protoplasts isolated from rosette leaves of Arabidopsis, OsIAA9 repressed reporter gene expression, and the repression was partially released by exogenously IAA. These results suggest that OsIAA9 is a canonical Aux/IAA protein. Protoplast transfection assays showed that OsIAA9 interacted ARF5, but not ARF6, 7, 8 and 19. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing OsIAA9 have increased number of lateral roots, and reduced gravitropic response. Further analysis showed that OsIAA9 transgenic Arabidopsis plants accumulated fewer granules in their root tips and the distribution of granules was also affected. Taken together, our study showed that OsIAA9 is a transcriptional repressor, and it regulates gravitropic response when expressed in Arabidopsis by regulating granules accumulation and distribution in root tips.
Adaptive motion planning in bin-picking with object uncertainties

Doing motion planning for bin-picking with object uncertainties requires either a re-grasp of picked objects or an online sensor system. Using the latter is advantageous in terms of computational time, as no time is wasted doing an extra pick and place action. It does, however, put extra requirements on the motion planner, as the target position may change on-the-fly. This paper solves that problem by using a state adjusting Partial Observable Markov Decision Process, where the state space is modified between runs, to better fit earlier solved problems. The approach relies on a set of waypoints, containing information about which parts of the state space may contain feasible solutions. Waypoints are pushed around the state space by observing which states in the neighborhood lead to successfully solved problems. Two bin-picking scenarios are modeled with the proposed method. One scenario in which the system receives an object pose update while moving towards the place position. Another where the update includes the object type being grasped out of a fixed number of options, each class to be deposited in a different place. When an online POMDP solver is utilized, the state adjusting POMDP is improving performance by up to 28% on execution times compared to a not adjusted POMDP.
X3D binary encoding results for free viewpoint networked distribution and synchronization

In this paper we describe the experience of one of the first implementations of X3D binary encoding [X3D] in the BS Contact viewer in terms of download size and parsing speed and present a proposal for the binary distribution of multi-user events implemented in the BS Collaborate server. The following is a study of encoding sizes using binary encoding as well as gzip and bzip2 compression algorithms. The results were measured in the newly developed encoding and parsing code for the FINE (Free-viewpoint Immersive Networked Experience) project [FINE]. It shows that an appropriate example scene, e. g. a stadium can be reduced in size by factor 2 compared to commonly used gzip compression, which implies twice as fast content delivery. Further, the loading speed of the scene is increased by a factor of 2 to 4. The proposed mechanism of transmitting binary messages between clients in a multi-user scenario is an alternative to exchanging XML or JSON [XML]/[JSON] snippets and increases encoding/decoding speed while reducing network bandwidth requirements.
Context-free reordering, finite-state translation

We describe a class of translation model in which a set of input variants encoded as a context-free forest is translated using a finite-state translation model. The forest structure of the input is well-suited to representing word order alternatives, making it straightforward to model translation as a two step process: (1) tree-based source reordering and (2) phrase transduction. By treating the reordering process as a latent variable in a probabilistic translation model, we can learn a long-range source reordering model without example reordered sentences, which are problematic to construct. The resulting model has state-of-the-art translation performance, uses linguistically motivated features to effectively model long range reordering, and is significantly smaller than a comparable hierarchical phrase-based translation model.
How to Collaborate between Threshold Schemes

Threshold schemes have been used to protect secrets by distributing shares to participants. To protect two secrets, we can use two separate traditional schemes, say, a (t1, n1) scheme and a (t2, n2) scheme. If there are u (<=min(t1, t2)) participants involved in both schemes, each of these u participants must keep two different shares. This paper proposes a method that allows each common participant to keep only one share. Our method constructs two polynomials with u common crossover points. We give theoretical details and two demonstrative examples. This algorithm can also handle the collaboration between more than two schemes.
DrML: Probabilistic Modeling of Gene Duplications

DrML is a software program for inferring evolutionary scenarios from a gene tree and a species tree with speciation time estimates that is based on a general maximum likelihood model. The program implements novel algorithms that efficiently infer most likely scenarios of gene duplication and loss events. Our comparative studies suggest that the general maximum likelihood model provides more credible estimates than standard parsimony reconciliation, especially when speciation times differ significantly. DrML is an open source project written in Python, and along with an on-line manual and sample data sets publicly available.
Exercise Is In! Implicit Exercise and Sedentary‐Lifestyle Bias Held by In‐Groups1

This research examined implicit exercise-related bias between exercising groups. Participants (N = 53) completed an Implicit Association Test with neutrally valenced exerciser or couch potato exemplars. Participants who explicitly identified as exercisers had greater positive bias toward exercisers and against couch potatoes than did participants who identified as nonexercisers. Similarly, participants who reported greater exercise had significantly greater positive bias toward exercisers than did participants who reported less exercise. Our results expand on existing research on anti-fat and exercise-related stereotypes by providing evidence of implicit biases for exercisers and against couch potatoes among those who are already active.
Dietary improvement in people with schizophrenia: randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND People with schizophrenia make poor dietary choices. AIMS To measure the impact of giving free fruit and vegetables for 6 months on eating habits in schizophrenia. METHOD We randomly allocated 102 people with schizophrenia in two areas of Scotland to receive free fruit and vegetables for 6 months, supported by instruction in meal planning and food preparation; free fruit and vegetables alone; or to continue as before. Diet was assessed using the Scottish Health Survey questionnaire. Blood samples to measure micronutrients were taken and mental state, body mass index, level of physical activity and future risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) were assessed. RESULTS After the intervention, those who received free fruit and vegetables, or free fruit and vegetables and associated instruction, were consuming significantly more fruit and vegetables than those in the treatment as usual group. Consumption fell to pre-intervention levels 12 months after the intervention stopped. There was no between-group difference at any time in blood micronutrients, body mass index, physical activity or risk of CHD. CONCLUSIONS The diet of people with schizophrenia improved when they were given free fruit and vegetables but this was given free fruit and vegetables but this was not sustained after withdrawal of the intervention. A support programme added no benefit.