Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Depth Map Post-Processing Approach Based on Adaptive Random Walk With Restart

Accurate depth estimation is still an important challenge after a decade, particularly from stereo images. The accuracy comes from a good depth level and preserved structure. For this purpose, a depth post-processing framework is proposed in this paper. The framework starts with the “Adaptive Random Walk with Restart (2015)” algorithm. To refine the depth map generated by this method, we introduced a form of median solver/filter based on the concept of the mutual structure, which refers to the structural information in both images. This filter is further enhanced by a joint filter. Next, a transformation in image domain is introduced to remove the artifacts that cause distortion in the image. The proposed post-processing method is then compared with the top eight algorithms in the Middlebury benchmark. To explore how well this method is able to compete with more widely known techniques, a comparison is performed with Google's new depth map estimation method. The experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed post-processing method.
Extracellular volume imaging by magnetic resonance imaging provides insights into overt and sub-clinical myocardial pathology.

AIMS Conventional late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance can detect myocardial infarction and some forms of non-ischaemic myocardial fibrosis. However, quantitative imaging of extracellular volume fraction (ECV) may be able to detect subtle abnormalities such as diffuse fibrosis or post-infarct remodelling of remote myocardium. The aims were (1) to measure ECV in myocardial infarction and non-ischaemic myocardial fibrosis, (2) to determine whether ECV varies with age, and (3) to detect sub-clinical abnormalities in 'normal appearing' myocardium remote from regions of infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac magnetic resonance ECV imaging was performed in 126 patients with T1 mapping before and after injection of gadolinium contrast. Conventional LGE images were acquired for the left ventricle. In patients with a prior myocardial infarction, the infarct region had an ECV of 51 ± 8% which did not overlap with the remote 'normal appearing' myocardium that had an ECV of 27 ± 3% (P < 0.001, n = 36). In patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, the ECV of atypical LGE was 37 ± 6%, whereas the 'normal appearing' myocardium had an ECV of 26 ± 3% (P < 0.001, n = 30). The ECV of 'normal appearing' myocardium increased with age (r = 0.28, P = 0.01, n = 60). The ECV of 'normal appearing' myocardium remote from myocardial infarctions increased as left ventricular ejection fraction decreased (r = -0.50, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Extracellular volume fraction imaging can quantitatively characterize myocardial infarction, atypical diffuse fibrosis, and subtle myocardial abnormalities not clinically apparent on LGE images. Taken within the context of prior literature, these subtle ECV abnormalities are consistent with diffuse fibrosis related to age and changes remote from infarction.
Average throughput analysis of downlink cellular networks with multi-antenna base stations

Random spatial network models have been recently utilized in the performance analysis and system design for multi-cell networks. Such an approach has been mainly adopted to investigate the outage based system performance, such as the outage probability and outage throughput. However, these performance metrics are defined with a fixed-rate transmission, and cannot characterize the performance of data traffic, which normally adopts rate adaptation. In this paper, we will evaluate the average throughput of a space division multiple access (SDMA) based cellular network by considering stochastically distributed base stations (BSs) and mobile terminals (MTs). The major difficulty for the performance analysis is the complicated distribution of the interference links. We shall provide an analytical framework for evaluating the average throughput by using the Moment Generating Function (MGF) based method. Simulations will show that the proposed method is very accurate. In particular, the analytical result can be utilized to determine the optimum number of MTs to be served in SDMA networks that can maximize the network throughput.
Movement As a Strategy to Encourage Prelanguage Communication

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Functional brain imaging of a complex navigation task following one night of total sleep deprivation: a preliminary study

Several neuroimaging studies have demonstrated compensatory cerebral responses consequent to sleep deprivation (SD), but all have focused on simple tasks with limited behavioral response options. We assessed the cerebral effects associated with SD during the performance of a complex, open‐ended, dual‐joystick, 3D navigation task (simulated orbital docking) in a cross‐over protocol, with counterbalanced orders of normal sleep (NS) and a single night of total SD (∼27 h). Behavioral performance on multiple measures was comparable in the two sleep conditions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple compensatory SD > NS cerebral responses, including the posterior superior temporal sulcus [Brodmann area (BA) 39/22/37], prefrontal cortex (BA 9), lateral temporal cortex (BA 22/21), and right substantia nigra. Right posterior cingulate cortex (BA 31) exhibited NS > SD activity. Our findings extend the compensatory cerebral response hypothesis to complex, open‐ended tasks.
VSGA Method Based Trajectory Planning of a Novel Limb-robot

A new progressive genetic algorithm (PGA) was developed for trajectory planning of a novel limb-robot. The proposed trajectory planning method can be applied to get an optimal joints trajectory from the initial to the end position and orientation. On the basis of the genetic algorithm a new kind of variable structure genetic algorithm (VSGA) is proposed to solve the problem of trajectory planning of the limb-robot in complicate environments. The VSGA changes the original structure by abandoning Elitist Model, expectation selection, reproducing population and changing the probability of crossover and mutation. Experiments results show that the PGA is effective in static environments and the VSGA does well in complicate environments. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i5. 2564 Full Text: PDF
Should LOGO Keep Going FORWARD 1?

LOGO has been evolving in incremental steps for 40 years. This has resulted in steady progress but some regions of the space of all programming languages for children cannot be reached without passing through unacceptable intermediate designs. What are the ultimate aims of LOGO? What criteria and aesthetics should be used in determining which areas of the design space are most promising? What would the ideal programming language look like? Would a family of special-purpose languages be more effective than a single language? In looking to the future what can we learn from the history of LOGO? What can we learn from other programming systems for children? Alan Kay is leading a new project entitled, "Steps toward the Reinvention of Programming". What are its strengths and weaknesses? We can conceptualise the design alternatives as defining an n-dimensional space. Some dimensions represent major alternatives for syntax, others for dealing with concurrency, others for the underlying computational models, and others for features of the programming environment. The goal of this paper is to spur a discussion of these issues. I will present my personal opinions based upon 30 years of research experience in this field.
Morphological and functional vascular changes induced by childhood obesity

Background: To investigate endothelial dysfunction and morphological vascular changes in childhood obesity. Methods: 93 overweight/obese children (body mass index 26 ± 5 kg/m2; median 26 kg/m2; interquartile range 22–28 kg/m2), mean age 10.9 ± 2.7 years, underwent a check-up of total, high-density lipoprotein- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and white blood cell count, together with ultrasound measures of flow-mediated dilatation, carotid intima-media thickness, and anterior-posterior diameter of the abdominal aorta. Results: The body mass index of overweight/obese children had a statistically significant linear relationship (p < 0.05) with triglycerides, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, carotid intima-media thickness, anterior-posterior diameter of the abdominal aorta, and flow-mediated dilatation values. Conclusions: Overweight/obese children have an initial endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage, i.e., the first stage in the development of atherosclerosis.
Matrix factorizations for reversible integer mapping

Reversible integer mapping is essential for lossless source coding by transformation. A general matrix factorization theory for reversible integer mapping of invertible linear transforms is developed. Concepts of the integer factor and the elementary reversible matrix (ERM) for integer mapping are introduced, and two forms of ERM-triangular ERM (TERM) and single-row ERM (SERM)-are studied. We prove that there exist some approaches to factorize a matrix into TERMs or SERMs if the transform is invertible and in a finite-dimensional space. The advantages of the integer implementations of an invertible linear transform are (i) mapping integers to integers, (ii) perfect reconstruction, and (iii) in-place calculation. We find that besides a possible permutation matrix, the TERM factorization of an N-by-N nonsingular matrix has at most three TERMs, and its SERM factorization has at most N+1 SERMs. The elementary structure of ERM transforms is the ladder structure. An executable factorization algorithm is also presented. Then, the computational complexity is compared, and some optimization approaches are proposed. The error bounds of the integer implementations are estimated as well. Finally, three ERM factorization examples of DFT, DCT, and DWT are given.
Pixelation Effects in Weak Lensing

Weak gravitational lensing can be used to investigate both dark matter and dark energy but requires accurate measurements of the shapes of faint, distant galaxies. Such measurements are hindered by the finite resolution and pixel scale of digital cameras. We investigate the optimum choice of pixel scale for a space‐based mission, using the engineering model and survey strategy of the proposed Supernova Acceleration Probe as a baseline. We do this by simulating realistic astronomical images containing a known input shear signal and then attempting to recover the signal using the Rhodes, Refregier, & Groth algorithm. We find that the quality of shear measurement is always improved by smaller pixels. However, in practice, telescopes are usually limited to a finite number of pixels and operational life span, so the total area of a survey increases with pixel size. We therefore fix the survey lifetime and the number of pixels in the focal plane while varying the pixel scale, thereby effectively varying the survey size. In a pure trade‐off for image resolution versus survey area, we find that measurements of the matter power spectrum would have minimum statistical error with a pixel scale of 0.09″ for a 0.14″ FWHM point‐spread function (PSF). The pixel scale could be increased to ∼0.16″ if images dithered by exactly half‐pixel offsets were always available. Some of our results do depend on our adopted shape measurement method and should be regarded as an upper limit: future pipelines may require smaller pixels to overcome systematic floors not yet accessible, and, in certain circumstances, measuring the shape of the PSF might be more difficult than those of galaxies. However, the relative trends in our analysis are robust, especially those of the surface density of resolved galaxies. Our approach thus provides a snapshot of potential in available technology, and a practical counterpart to analytic studies of pixelation, which necessarily assume an idealized shape measurement method.
SURF: detecting and measuring search poisoning

Search engine optimization (SEO) techniques are often abused to promote websites among search results. This is a practice known as blackhat SEO. In this paper we tackle a newly emerging and especially aggressive class of blackhat SEO, namely search poisoning. Unlike other blackhat SEO techniques, which typically attempt to promote a website's ranking only under a limited set of search keywords relevant to the website's content, search poisoning techniques disregard any term relevance constraint and are employed to poison popular search keywords with the sole purpose of diverting large numbers of users to short-lived traffic-hungry websites for malicious purposes. To accurately detect search poisoning cases, we designed a novel detection system called SURF. SURF runs as a browser component to extract a number of robust (i.e., difficult to evade) detection features from search-then-visit browsing sessions, and is able to accurately classify malicious search user redirections resulted from user clicking on poisoned search results. Our evaluation on real-world search poisoning instances shows that SURF can achieve a detection rate of 99.1% at a false positive rate of 0.9%. Furthermore, we applied SURF to analyze a large dataset of search-related browsing sessions collected over a period of seven months starting in September 2010. Through this long-term measurement study we were able to reveal new trends and interesting patterns related to a great variety of poisoning cases, thus contributing to a better understanding of the prevalence and gravity of the search poisoning problem.
Reward-Related Neural Activity and Adolescent Antisocial Behavior in a Community Sample

Behavioral research has found evidence supporting reward dominance in adolescence with externalizing disorders, but findings from neuroimaging studies have been largely heterogeneous. We examined the Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) and P3b in relation to self-reported externalizing behavior among 78 adolescents (11–18 yrs) during a monetary gambling task with concurrent high-density electroencephalogram. As expected, the P3b and the FRN demonstrated greater evoked activity to reward and punishment, respectively. Further, high externalizing behavior was associated with greater P3b difference and reduced FRN difference in response to reward and punishment, suggesting that externalizing behaviors may be associated with both reward dominance and reduced feedback-monitoring.
Managing Gender: Affirmative Action and Organizational Power in Australian, Canadian, and New Zealand Sport

and frameworks from which to study diversity in organizations. Readers more familiar with the literature and research on diversity may find some old ground covered in the volume, but there is still a good deal of freshness in the perspectives offered. A noteworthy feature of the chapters, beyond their very useful literature reviews, is that they could stimulate future research. The treatment of workplace diversity in the volume is neither superficial nor rhetorical, but theoretically rich. There is much here for scholars looking for promising conceptual frames for studying the multiple facets and levels of diversity.
Prehospital Thrombolysis: A Manual from Berlin

In acute ischemic stroke, time from symptom onset to intervention is a decisive prognostic factor. In order to reduce this time, prehospital thrombolysis at the emergency site would be preferable. However, apart from neurological expertise and laboratory investigations a computed tomography (CT) scan is necessary to exclude hemorrhagic stroke prior to thrombolysis. Therefore, a specialized ambulance equipped with a CT scanner and point-of-care laboratory was designed and constructed. Further, a new stroke identifying interview algorithm was developed and implemented in the Berlin emergency medical services. Since February 2011 the identification of suspected stroke in the dispatch center of the Berlin Fire Brigade prompts the deployment of this ambulance, a stroke emergency mobile (STEMO). On arrival, a neurologist, experienced in stroke care and with additional training in emergency medicine, takes a neurological examination. If stroke is suspected a CT scan excludes intracranial hemorrhage. The CT-scans are telemetrically transmitted to the neuroradiologist on-call. If coagulation status of the patient is normal and patient's medical history reveals no contraindication, prehospital thrombolysis is applied according to current guidelines (intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, iv rtPA, alteplase, Actilyse). Thereafter patients are transported to the nearest hospital with a certified stroke unit for further treatment and assessment of strokeaetiology. After a pilot-phase, weeks were randomized into blocks either with or without STEMO care. Primary end-point of this study is time from alarm to the initiation of thrombolysis. We hypothesized that alarm-to-treatment time can be reduced by at least 20 min compared to regular care.
Secondary Activation of a Cation Conductance Is Responsible for NMDA Toxicity in Acutely Isolated Hippocampal Neurons

One of the key questions concerning glutamate toxicity is how a transient NMDA exposure can lead to a delayed death of neurons. To address this issue, we performed whole-cell recording on acutely isolated hippocampal CA1 neurons to monitor the membrane response after NMDA exposure. Transient NMDA exposure (100 μm, 10 min) induced an inward current (postexposure current;Ipe) which was associated with a Ca2+- and Na+-permeable cation conductance.Ipe continuously increased (in the absence of NMDA) until death of the neuron occurred. Application of NMDA in the absence of extracellular calcium failed to triggerIpe and neuronal death. Postexposure suppression of Ipe protected against NMDA toxicity. These results indicate that a cation current, which is induced by an increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and is itself partly carried by Ca2+, links the initial NMDA exposure to neuronal death.
Invertibility and Estimation of Two-Parameter Polynomial and Division Lens Distortion Models

In this paper, we study lens distortion for still images considering two well-known distortion models: the two-parameter polynomial model and the two-parameter division model. We study the invertibility of these models, and we mathematically characterize the conditions for the distortion parameters under which the distortion model defines a one-to-one transformation. This ensures that the inverse transformation is well defined and the distortion-free image can be properly computed, which provides robustness to the distortion models. A new automatic method to correct the radial distortion is proposed, and a comparative analysis for this method is extensively performed using the polynomial and the division models. With the aim of obtaining an accurate estimation of the model, we propose an optimization scheme which iteratively improves the parameters to achieve a better matching between the distorted lines and the edge points. The proposed method estimates two-parameter radial distortion models by detecting.
A hybrid MPPT method for Photovoltaic systems via estimation and revision method

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods can be classified into direct and indirect approaches. They are used to improve the efficiency of power conversion in Photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, a review of present literature implies that the indirect methods never produce accurate results. Meanwhile, the conventional direct Perturb and Observe (P&O) method has two problems: oscillations at steady state and slow dynamic response under changing environment conditions. Estimation and Revision (ER) method is proposed in this paper to overcome these limitations by the alternative use of MPP estimation and MPP revision process. The efficiency of the ER method is verified in an MPPT system implemented with a specific DC-DC converter and an adopted PV module.
Structure-driven crawler generation by example

Many Web IR and Digital Library applications require a crawling process to collect pages with the ultimate goal of taking advantage of useful information available on Web sites. For some of these applications the criteria to determine when a page is to be present in a collection are related to the page content. However, there are situations in which the inner structure of the pages provides a better criteria to guide the crawling process than their content. In this paper, we present a structure-driven approach for generating Web crawlers that requires a minimum effort from users. The idea is to take as input a sample page and an entry point to a Web site and generate a structure-driven crawler based on navigation patterns, sequences of patterns for the links a crawler has to follow to reach the pages structurally similar to the sample page. In the experiments we have carried out, structure-driven crawlers generated by our new approach were able to collect all pages that match the samples given, including those pages added after their generation.