Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of diversity complexity and emotional intelligence on the attitude towards diversity in organisations

The plethora of differences that characterise the South Africa population has become a definite concern for organisational management and is of significant importance to the industrial world itself. The need to critically assess people’s perception and attitude towards diversity within the organisation, and ultimately serving to inform management seeking to build an ethically diverse, healthy and productive workforce, served as a prime motivation for this study. The objective was to demonstrate that humans are complex beings and that attempts to minimise the complexity by simply containing that complexity within the bounds of a unidimensional solution are guaranteed to fail. It is for this reason that diversity management within an organisation requires the need to manage an infinite and changing variety of social variables which to varying degrees, impacts on social interaction and people’s attitude towards diversity. Having completed a literature study concerning the possible antecedents of attitude towards diversity, and taking into account various suggested future directions for diversity research, it was decided that the present study would focus on three specific variables: attitude towards diversity, emotional intelligence and diversity complexity. The primary goal was to design and conduct a scientific investigation into the relationships between the latent variables; in hope of ultimately informing management seeking to build an ethically diverse, healthy and productive workforce who value the individuality of others. Available literature was studied in order to understand and comprehend whether any relationships could be theoretically drawn between the constructs. Several hypotheses were proposed and a conceptual model, explaining the relationships between these constructs, was developed. Thereafter, both the postulated relationships and the conceptual model were empirically tested using various statistical methods. Existing measuring instruments were utilised in this study, and included the Cultural Diversity Belief Scale (Rentsch, Turban, Hissong, Jenkins & Marrs, 1995), the Genos Emotional Intelligence Inventory (Palmer, Stough & Gignac, 2008), and the ReactionTo-Diversity-Inventory (De Meuse & Hostager, 2001). The sample consisted of 237
Active refocusing of images and videos

We present a system for refocusing images and videos of dynamic scenes using a novel, single-view depth estimation method. Our method for obtaining depth is based on the defocus of a sparse set of dots projected onto the scene. In contrast to other active illumination techniques, the projected pattern of dots can be removed from each captured image and its brightness easily controlled in order to avoid under- or over-exposure. The depths corresponding to the projected dots and a color segmentation of the image are used to compute an approximate depth map of the scene with clean region boundaries. The depth map is used to refocus the acquired image after the dots are removed, simulating realistic depth of field effects. Experiments on a wide variety of scenes, including close-ups and live action, demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Assessing the suitability of medial sural artery perforator flaps in tongue reconstruction – An outcome study

Introduction Oncological resection of the tongue can be reconstructed using a multitude of free flaps. The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap has been well described in the literature in terms of its anatomy and harvest. However, functional outcome studies of post-reconstruction tongue defects using the MSAP flap have not been reported. This study represents the largest outcome study of patients with tongue reconstructions using MSAP flaps and a comprehensive review of its use. Materials and methods From December of 2010 to October of 2015, 579 patients with subtotal glossectomy and free flap reconstructions in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. 27 patients were reconstructed with MSAP flap. The pre- and intra-operative factors, as well as flap-related factors were analyzed. Post-operative complications and functional outcomes were evaluated. Donor site assessment were also conducted. Results A 96.3% flap survival rate was found with an average total operating time of 6 hours and 18 minutes. 84.6% of patients had primary closure of the donor site with and the remaining either had skin grafts or delayed closure. Donor site closure can be achieved primarily with no functional deficit. Speech intelligibility remained for most patients. 100% of patients resumed normal oral feeding. Conclusion The MSAP flap is a small to medium sized flap most suited for subtotal glossectomy defects where optimal outcomes can be achieved in terms of speech clarity and restoration of oral intake.
BeiDou Inter-Satellite-Type Bias Evaluation and Calibration for Mixed Receiver Attitude Determination

The Chinese BeiDou system (BDS), having different types of satellites, is an important addition to the ever growing system of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). It consists of Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, Inclined Geosynchronous Satellite Orbit (IGSO) satellites and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites. This paper investigates the receiver-dependent bias between these satellite types, for which we coined the name “inter-satellite-type bias” (ISTB), and its impact on mixed receiver attitude determination. Assuming different receiver types may have different delays/biases for different satellite types, we model the differential ISTBs among three BeiDou satellite types and investigate their existence and their impact on mixed receiver attitude determination. Our analyses using the real data sets from Curtin's GNSS array consisting of different types of BeiDou enabled receivers and series of zero-baseline experiments with BeiDou-enabled receivers reveal the existence of non-zero ISTBs between different BeiDou satellite types. We then analyse the impact of these biases on BeiDou-only attitude determination using the constrained (C-)LAMBDA method, which exploits the knowledge of baseline length. Results demonstrate that these biases could seriously affect the integer ambiguity resolution for attitude determination using mixed receiver types and that a priori correction of these biases will dramatically improve the success rate.
Modeling Polarizing Topics: When Do Different Political Communities Respond Differently to the Same News?

Political discourse in the United States is getting increasingly polarized. This polarization frequently causes different communities to react very differently to the same news events. Political blogs as a form of social media provide an unique insight into this phenomenon. We present a multi-target, semi-supervised latent variable model, MCR-LDA to model this process by analyzing political blogs posts and their comment sections from different political communities jointly to predict the degree of polarization that news topics cause. Inspect-ing the model after inference reveals topics and the degree to which it triggers polarization. In this approach, community responses to news topics are observed using sentiment polarity and comment volume which serves as a proxy for the level of interest in the topic. In this context, we also present computational methods to assign sentiment polarity to the comments which serve as targets for latent variable models that predict the polarity based on the topics in the blog content. Our results show that the joint modeling of communities with different political beliefs using MCR-LDA does not sacriﬁce accuracy in sentiment polarity prediction when compared to approaches that are tailored to speciﬁc communities and additionally provides a view of the polarization in responses from the different communities.
Photochemical aging of volatile organic compounds in the Los Angeles basin: Weekday‐weekend effect

During the CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) field study in May–June 2010, measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were performed in the Los Angeles (LA) basin onboard a NOAA research aircraft and at a ground site located in Pasadena. A weekday‐weekend effect in ozone, caused by lower NOx emissions due to reduced diesel truck traffic in the weekends, has been previously observed in Los Angeles and other cities. Measurements in the Caldecott tunnel show that emission ratios of VOCs do not vary with the day of the week, but measurements during CalNex2010 show a VOC weekday‐weekend effect through faster photochemical processing at lower ambient NOx mixing ratios. Ambient VOC enhancement ratios of long‐lived species such as benzene are the same between weekdays and weekends, whereas enhancement ratios of short‐lived species, such as trimethyl benzene, are up to a factor of three lower on weekends. Based upon the observed differences in VOC enhancement ratios to CO, we determine that photochemical processing was on average 65%–75% faster on weekends during CalNex2010, which indicates that ambient OH radical concentrations were larger by this factor causing the observed change in VOC composition. A box model calculation based on the Master Chemical Mechanism was used to verify the increase in photochemical processing in the weekends.
The One-Bit Null Space Learning Algorithm and Its Convergence

This paper proposes a new algorithm for MIMO cognitive radio secondary users (SU) to learn the null space of the interference channel to the primary user (PU) without burdening the PU with any knowledge or explicit cooperation with the SU. The knowledge of this null space enables the SU to transmit in the same band simultaneously with the PU by utilizing separate spatial dimensions than the PU. Specifically, the SU transmits in the null space of the interference channel to the PU. We present a new algorithm, called the one-bit null space learning algorithm (OBNSLA), in which the SU learns the PU's null space by observing a binary function that indicates whether the interference it inflicts on the PU has increased or decreased in comparison to the SU's previous transmitted signal. This function is obtained by listening to the PU transmitted signal or control channel and extracting information from it about whether the PU's signal-to-interference-plus-noise power ratio (SINR) has increased or decreased. The OBNSLA is shown to have a linear convergence rate and an asymptotic quadratic convergence rate. Finally, we derive bounds on the interference that the SU inflicts on the PU as a function of a parameter determined by the SU. This lets the SU control the maximum level of interference, which enables it to protect the PU completely blindly with minimum complexity. The asymptotic analysis and the derived bounds also apply to the recently proposed blind null space learning algorithm.
Functional Evolution of the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein 120 Association Site of Glycoprotein 41*

Protein-protein interaction surfaces can exhibit structural plasticity, a mechanism whereby an interface adapts to mutations as binding partners coevolve. The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120-gp41 complex, which is responsible for receptor attachment and membrane fusion, represents an extreme example of a coevolving complex as up to 35% amino acid sequence divergence has been observed in these proteins among HIV-1 isolates. In this study, the function of conserved gp120 contact residues, Leu593, Trp596, Gly597, Lys601, and Trp610 within the disulfide-bonded region of gp41, was examined in envelope glycoproteins derived from diverse HIV-1 isolates. We found that the gp120-gp41 association function of the disulfide-bonded region is conserved. However, the contribution of individual residues to gp41 folding and/or stability, gp120-gp41 association, membrane fusion function, and viral entry varied from isolate to isolate. In gp120-gp41 derived from the dual-tropic isolate, HIV-189.6, the importance of Trp596 for fusion function was dependent on the chemokine receptor utilized as a fusion cofactor. Thus, the engagement of alternative chemokine receptors may evoke distinct fusion-activation signals involving the site of gp120-gp41 association. An examination of chimeric glycoproteins revealed that the isolate-specific functional contributions of particular gp120-contact residues are influenced by the sequence of gp120 hypervariable regions 1, 2, and 3. These data indicate that the gp120-gp41 association site is structurally and functionally adaptable, perhaps to maintain a functional glycoprotein complex in a setting of host selective pressures driving the rapid coevolution of gp120 and gp41.
Structural Features of Peptide Analogs of Human Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigen Class I Epitopes That Are More Potent and Immunogenic than Wild-Type Peptide

Certain peptide analogs that carry substitutions at residues other than the main major histocompatibility complex anchors and are surprisingly much more antigenic than wild-type peptide (heteroclitic analogs). To date, it was unknown how frequently wild-type epitopes could be modified to obtain heteroclitic activity. In this study, we analyzed a large panel of analogs of two different human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2.1–restricted epitopes and found that heteroclitic analogs were associated with higher magnitude responses and increased (up to 107-fold) sensitivity to antigen, and corresponded to conservative or semiconservative substitutions at odd-numbered positions in the middle of the peptide (positions 3, 5, or 7). These findings were validated by performing additional immunogenicity studies in murine and human systems with four additional epitopes. The biological relevance of heteroclitic analogs was underlined when predicted analogs of the p53.261 epitope was shown to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that recognize low concentrations of peptide (high avidity) in vivo and demonstrate in vitro antitumor recognition. Finally, in vitro immunization of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with two heteroclitic analogs resulted in recruitment of more numerous CTLs which were associated with increased antigen sensitivity. In conclusion, heteroclitic analogs were identified in each of the six cases studied and structural features were defined which allow identification of such analogs. The strong CTL immunity elicited by heteroclitic epitopes suggest that they could be of significant value in vaccination against tolerant or weakly immunogenic tumor-associated and viral antigens.
An improved classification scheme for standoff detection of explosives via Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy is a laser-based vibrational technique that can provide spectral signatures unique to a multitude of compounds. The technique is gaining widespread interest as a method for detecting hidden explosives due to its sensitivity and ease of use. In this work, we present a computationally efficient classification scheme for accurate standoff identification of several common explosives using visible-range Raman spectroscopy. Using real measurements, we evaluate and modify a recent correlation-based approach to classify Raman spectra from various both harmful and commonplace substances. The results show that the proposed approach can, at a distance of 30 meters, or more, successfully classify measured Raman spectra from several explosive substances, including Nitromethane, TNT, DNT, Hydrogen Peroxide, TATP and Ammonium Nitrate.
cDNA Hox Sequences 3′ of the Homeobox Isolated from the Sea Urchin Holopneustes purpurescens are Definitive for Sea Urchin Hox Orthologues

In an investigation into Hox genes in sea urchin development, cDNA nucleotide sequences were isolated from seven Hox genes of Holopneustes purpurescens by 3' RACE. Each sequence extended from the homeobox through the coding region 3' of the homeobox to the 3'untranslated region and, in the majority of sequences, to a poly(A) signal and a poly(A) tail. The cDNA sequences 3' of the homeoboxes were very different between the seven Hox genes. In contrast, the sequences within each Hox gene 3' of the homeobox were very similar, especially at the amino acid level, between the sea urchin species for which sequences are available. The coding regions 3' of the homeodomains are thus a means of unambiguously identifying homologies between sea urchin Hox genes. A phylogenetic analysis where amino acid motifs in these 3' coding regions were aligned with similar motifs in chordate species led us to classify two posterior sea urchin Hox genes, of uncertain affinity, as orthologues of Hox9 and Hox10 genes. Putative cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements were mapped in the 3' untranslated region of sea urchin Hox genes.
Technical Report TUM-I0819: An Evaluation of Augmented Reality Visualizations to Support the Order Picking

We report on recent progress in the iterative process of exploring, evaluating and refining Augmented Reality based presentation schemes for logistic applications. In this context we have evaluated different ways of presenting working instructions with HMD-based Augmented Reality systems to support the order picking process. Order picking means that workers have to pick items out of numbered boxes, according to a work order. For small boxes, the requirements for having precise and clear visualizations are demanding. In this paper we report on our findings from three user studies and from presenting the system at several exhibitions. They led to several optimizations according to the visualization schemes and the selection of a suitable HMD. Finally we present the resulting setup, which consists of combined visualizations to precisely and efficiently guide the user, even if the augmentation is not always in the Field-of-View of the HMD.
Iterative linear matrix inequality algorithm based decentralized controller for load frequency control of two-area thermal power systems

In this paper, iterative linear matrix inequalities (ILMI) algorithm based design of decentralized controller for load frequency control (LFC) is proposed. The ILMI algorithm is used to tune the control parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller subject to H∞ constraints in terms of ILMI. Hence, the control design is called IPIDH∞ controller. The proposed controller is tested on a two-area interconnected power system considering reheat type turbine in both area with different load scenarios. The results of the proposed controller are compared with the H∞-controller. From the simulation results, the proposed controller is superior to H∞-controller.
Motivational interviewing: preparing people for change.

Since the initial publication of this breakthrough work, motivational interviewing (MI) has been used by countless clinicians. Theory and methods have evolved apace, reflecting new knowledge on the process of behavior change, a growing body of outcome research, and the development of new applications within and beyond the addictions field. Extensively rewritten, this revised and expanded second edition now brings MI practitioners and trainees fully up to date. William R. Miller and Stephen Rollnick explain how to work through ambivalence to facilitate change, present detailed guidelines for using their approach, and reflect on the process of learning MI. Chapters contributed by other leading experts then address such special topics as MI and the stages-of-change model, applications in medical, public health, and criminal justice settings, and using the approach with groups, couples, and adolescents.
Computational complexity analysis of simple genetic programming on two problems modeling isolated program semantics

Analyzing the computational complexity of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) for binary search spaces has significantly informed our understanding of EAs in general. With this paper, we start the computational complexity analysis of genetic programming (GP). We set up several simplified GP algorithms and analyze them on two separable model problems, ORDER and MAJORITY, each of which captures a relevant facet of typical GP problems. Both analyses give first rigorous insights into aspects of GP design, highlighting in particular the impact of accepting or rejecting neutral moves and the importance of a local mutation operator.
Intratypic recombination of polioviruses: evidence for multiple crossing-over sites on the viral genome

Intratypic recombinant polioviruses were isolated from cells that were coinfected with two temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of poliovirus type 1, ts035Gr and ts247. After phenotypic characterization of these recombinants, their proteins were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their genomes were analyzed by RNase T1 fingerprinting and partial nucleotide sequencing. Segregation of specific phenotypic and biochemical characteristics inherited from the parental viruses demonstrated that crossing-over could occur in at least four distinct regions of the genome. Possible mechanisms for recombination are discussed.
Which QT Correction Formulae to Use for QT Monitoring?

Background Drug safety precautions recommend monitoring of the corrected QT interval. To determine which QT correction formula to use in an automated QT‐monitoring algorithm in our electronic medical record, we studied rate correction performance of different QT correction formulae and their impact on risk assessment for mortality. Methods and Results All electrocardiograms (ECGs) in patients >18 years with sinus rhythm, normal QRS duration and rate <90 beats per minute (bpm) in the University Hospitals of Leuven (Leuven, Belgium) during a 2‐month period were included. QT correction was performed with Bazett, Fridericia, Framingham, Hodges, and Rautaharju formulae. In total, 6609 patients were included (age, 59.8±16.2 years; 53.6% male and heart rate 68.8±10.6 bpm). Optimal rate correction was observed using Fridericia and Framingham; Bazett performed worst. A healthy subset showed 99% upper limits of normal for Bazett above current clinical standards: men 472 ms (95% CI, 464–478 ms) and women 482 ms (95% CI 474–490 ms). Multivariate Cox regression, including age, heart rate, and prolonged QTc, identified Framingham (hazard ratio [HR], 7.31; 95% CI, 4.10–13.05) and Fridericia (HR, 5.95; 95% CI, 3.34–10.60) as significantly better predictors of 30‐day all‐cause mortality than Bazett (HR, 4.49; 95% CI, 2.31–8.74). In a point‐prevalence study with haloperidol, the number of patients classified to be at risk for possibly harmful QT prolongation could be reduced by 50% using optimal QT rate correction. Conclusions Fridericia and Framingham correction formulae showed the best rate correction and significantly improved prediction of 30‐day and 1‐year mortality. With current clinical standards, Bazett overestimated the number of patients with potential dangerous QTc prolongation, which could lead to unnecessary safety measurements as withholding the patient of first‐choice medication.
On Software Protection in Embedded Systems

Abstract : We argue that the conventional privilege separation of a processor has inherent limitations in protecting software with higher security requirements, and hence, a new system of protection should be devised to overcome these limitations. To enable the new protection, an operating system needs to be restructured into two layers: the security kernel which implements the new protection system, and the management kernel which manages resources. The security kernel protects the applications even when the management kernel is compromised. The security kernel should be made very thin and simple, thus making it suitable for small devices like handsets and smart sensors & actuators.