Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphoproteomic analysis of Leishmania donovani pro‐ and amastigote stages

Following transmission to the vertebrate host, the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani differentiates into the pathogenic amastigote stage that is adapted for intracellular survival. This developmental transition is induced by environmental factors including elevated temperature and acidic pH and is likely transduced by signaling cascades involving protein kinases and their downstream phosphoprotein substrates. These signaling networks are highly adapted to the specific nutritional and physiological requirements of the organism and thus studying Leishmania phosphorylation may allow important insight into the parasite‐specific biology. We used a gel‐based approach to investigate qualitative and quantitative changes of the phosphoproteome of the major L. donovani life cycle stages. Phosphoproteins were purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), separated by IEF and SDS‐PAGE using pH 4–7 IPG immobiline strips, revealed by fluorescent multiplex staining, and identified by MALDI‐MS and MS/MS. Our analysis allowed us to establish a first repertoire of the Leishmania phosphoproteome and to identify phosphoproteins implicated in stress‐ and heat shock response, RNA/protein turnover, metabolism, and signaling.
Automatic Image Annotation Using Word Embedding Learning

Automatically annotating words for images is a key to semantic-level image retrieval. Recently, several embedding learning based methods achieve good performance in this task which inspires this paper. Here we propose a novel word embedding model in which both images and words can be represented in the same embedding space. The embedding space is learnt in a discriminative nearest neighbor manner such that the annotation information could be propagated among neighbors. In order to accelerate model learning and testing, approximate-nearest-neighbor search is performed, and word embedding space is learnt in a stochastic manner. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Hsp70, a messenger from hyperthermia for the immune system

: Heat shock proteins (Hsps) hold a dual role depending on their location. Inside cells, they fulfill essential survival functions as molecular chaperones forming complexes with intracellular polypeptides (self or foreign) to help in protein folding, the resolution of protein aggregates and intracellular protein transport. Released from the cell, they act as messengers communicating the cells' interior protein composition to the immune system for initiation of immune responses against intracellular proteins. Here we describe the mechanisms by which Hsp70, the heat-inducible Hsp70 family member, crosstalks with the immune system. Further, we discuss that clinical hyperthermia could be a way to initiate the immunologic activity of Hsp70 by upregulating its expression and facilitating release through local necrosis. Abstract Heat shock proteins (Hsps) hold a dual role depending on their location. Inside cells, they fulfill essential survival functions as molecular chaperones forming complexes with intracellular polypeptides (self or foreign) to help in protein folding, the resolution of protein aggregates and intracellular protein transport. Released from the cell, they act as messengers communicating the cells’ interior protein composition to the immune system for initiation of immune responses against intracellular proteins. Here we describe the mechanisms by which Hsp70, the heat-inducible Hsp70 family member, crosstalks with the immune system. Further, we discuss that clinical hyperthermia could be a way to initiate the immunologic activity of Hsp70 by upregulating its expression and facilitating release through local necrosis.
Politeness and Honesty Contribute Additively to the Interpretation of Scalar Expressions

Scalar terms have been the focus of much recent attention. People can interpret such terms narrowly, for example, interpreting A or B to convey A or B but not both, on the grounds that a speaker would have explicitly used a more informative term (i.e., and) had he or she been in a position to do so; or they can interpret such terms broadly (A or B or both). Examined here are the effects of politeness contexts and self-rated honesty on people’s interpretation of the scalar connective or. In two experiments, it is shown that participants are less likely to adopt the narrow interpretation when the communicative context is face threatening, and that regardless of context, participants high in self-rated honesty adopt the narrow interpretation to a greater extent than those low in self-rated honesty. These results are consistent with the claim that an assumption of honesty underlies certain pragmatic inferences and suggest that personality may be an important source of individual differences in language interpretation.
Interactive multi-objective particle swarm optimization with heatmap-visualization-based user interface

This article introduces an interactive Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) method that allows a human decision maker to guide the optimization process based on domain-specific knowledge and problem-specific preferences. This article also presents a novel graphical user interface based on heatmap visualization which, combined with the algorithm, greatly reduces the workload on the user, thereby decreasing unwanted side effects caused by human fatigue. The method was evaluated on a set of standard test problems and the results were compared to those of a non-interactive MOPSO method. To simulate domain-specific preferences and knowledge, the decision maker was instructed to focus the search on a specific region of the Pareto-front. The results demonstrate that the proposed method was able to obtain better solutions than the non-interactive MOPSO method in terms of convergence towards the true Pareto-front and the number and spread of focused solutions.
What are British Muslims' perceptions in regard to the situation of Muslims in France?

4 INTRODUCTION 5 I) FRENCH REPUBLICAN IDEALS AND THEIR PROBLEMATIC IMPLEMENTATION 7 1) Theological foundations of French society 7 2) Issues with practical implementation 10 II) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 14 1) Why qualitative research methods? 14 2) Why research interviews? 15 3) Why semi-structured interviews? 17 III) RESEARCH METHODS 19 1) Thematising and the design of the interview schedule 19 2) Ethical issues 20 3) Selection and recruitment of participants 22 4) Recording and transcription of interviews 23 IV) DATA ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE 25 1) Thematic analysis 25
Is There a Credit Crunch in the Czech Republic

We apply a disequilibrium model of credit demand and supply to test the credit crunch hy- pothesis. We suppose that firms face credit rationing and a realised outstanding loan will be the minimum desired level of commercial bank loans and bank limit for the firm. We adopted the disequilibrium model which consists of credit supply and credit demand equations. We sug- gest that actual observed credit growth rate at time t lies on the supply curve (excess demand), or on the demand curve (excess supply), or on both (equilibrium). Our model is estimated by the full-information maximum likelihood approach with a numerical maximization of the like- lihood function. Our basic findings show that significant decrease in credits after the financial crisis in the year 2007 was caused by low economic and investment activity and reject the hy- pothesis that there is a credit crunch in the Czech Republic.
Assessment of memory complainers in São Paulo, Brazil: Three-year results of a memory clinic

Memory clinics were established in the USA and European countries as services to attend patients who complain of cognitive deficits, referred by primary care doctors, specialists and other hospitals. Objective We aimed to describe the clinical and cognitive profile of consecutively evaluated subjects during the initial three years of service of a memory clinic from a university hospital. Methods Subjects were submitted to a clinical work-up for dementia, which included laboratory exams, cranial computerized tomography, cognitive tests, and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Diagnosis was made according to ICD-10 criteria. Results We evaluated 104 subjects (67.3% females and 32.7% males), with mean age of 59.1 years, 88.8% aged 50 years or above. Mean schooling was 9.9 years. Patients were classified into 10 different primary diagnostic categories, namely Depression (26.9%), Alzheimer’s disease (17.3%), Memory complaints without objective impairment (17.3%), Mild Cognitive Disorder – MCD (14.4%), and Anxiety (12.5%) the most frequent diagnosis. Comparing patients with dementia, MCD, Depression or Anxiety and Memory complainers, by age (below and above 60 years), dementia was more commonly diagnosed in older subjects, while a higher frequency of memory complainers was found in the younger group. Conclusions This preliminary report from an outpatient group of referred patients with cognitive complaints showed a higher frequency of psychiatric disorders in this sample. The memory clinic approach should be considered as a model of service which can evaluate subjects with cognitive complaints effectively and improve the quality of care delivered to this patient group.
Information Asymmetry and Share Prices: Analysis of the Use of Social Networks in the Brazilian and U.S. Capital Markets

Increasing globalization has meant the internet becoming ever more part of the routine of people around the world. With the evolution of the internet, social networks have emerged in order to facilitate communication between people, communities and even between corporations. Social networks offer companies a way of instantly releasing information, allowing those who use this information greater flexibility when searching for news about the companies in which they have invested or wish to invest. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze how social networks (Facebook, Twitter and Youtube) affect levels of information asymmetry and the pricing of shares for Brazilian and U.S. public companies during 2012. To achieve the proposed goal, the conceptual framework of the Ohlson model (1995) was used to verify whether the information posted on social networks affects the pricing of shares, and share price volatility was used as a proxy for information asymmetry. The sample included 170 Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA and 100 companies listed on the U.S. stock market in 2012. The results show that social networks can affect levels of information asymmetry in these markets, but only "unofficial" Facebook affects the pricing of shares for companies in the Brazilian stock market, although sensitivity analysis indicated that the groups that use and those that do not use Facebook do not exhibit different average returns. Thus, investors should not use this information to devise strategies to generate better returns.
A Framework for the Integration of Volunteered Geographic Information into Humanitarian Logistics

Humanitarian logistics is a major factor for the success of humanitarian operations, making use of a broad range of infrastructure and resources in highly unstable and volatile environments. Due to the need for accuracy and timeliness, the information must be updated and related to the real variables of the affected area. In this context, volunteered geographic information (VGI), providedby local members of non-governmental organizations or individual citizens,emerges as an important information source. This paper presents a conceptual framework to link supply chain management (SCM) processes of humanitarian organizations with VGI, in order to assist the identification of information about infrastructure and resources that are needed by humanitarian SCM processes, and to supply better sources of information fulfilling the needs. The framework’s central component is the Humanitarian Logistics Infrastructure and Resource Model, which can be used to encapsulate information and facilitate the cross-linking of SCM and VGI systems.
Lost in Proxemics: Spatial Behavior for Cross-Cultural HRI

Socio-psychological research hints to the fact that people from different cultures have different preferences with respect to proxemics. Thus, what might be considered normal for one person, could be a violation of a norm for another person. If cultural background influences spatial behaviors, a logical follow-up question would be if a robot should be equipped with different sets of normative motion behaviors for guiding people. In this paper, we provide an overview of research into cultural differences in proxemics and human-robot social norms. We will address culture not at a national level (i.e. Dutch vs. German national culture), but instead at a clustered, supranational level based upon work by [13]. We conclude with foreseen challenges and solutions for analyzing the appropriateness of HRI behaviors in the context of different cultures.
Sentence Boundary Detection in Adjudicatory Decisions in the United States

We report results of an effort to enable computers to segment US adjudicatory decisions into sentences. We created a data set of 80 court decisions from four different domains. We show that legal decisions are more challenging for existing sentence boundary detection systems than for non-legal texts. Existing sentence boundary detection systems are based on a number of assumptions that do not hold for legal texts, hence their performance is impaired. We show that a general statistical sequence labeling model is capable of learning the definition more efficiently. We have trained a number of conditional random fields models that outperform the traditional sentence boundary detection systems when applied to adjudicatory decisions. RÉSUMÉ. Nous présentons les résultats d’un effort visant à permettre aux ordinateurs de segmenter les décisions arbitrales des États-Unis en phrases. Nous avons créé un ensemble de données de 80 décisions de justice de quatre domaines différents. Nous montrons que les décisions juridiques sont plus difficiles pour les systèmes de détection des limites de peines existantes que pour les textes non juridiques. Les systèmes existants de détection des limites de phrases sont basés sur un certain nombre d’hypothèses qui ne sont pas valables pour les textes légaux, leur performance en est donc altérée. Nous montrons qu’un modèle général d’étiquetage de séquence statistique est capable d’apprendre la définition plus efficacement. Nous avons formé un certain nombre de modèles de champs aléatoires conditionnels qui surpassent les systèmes traditionnels de détection des limites de la peine lorsqu’ils sont appliqués aux décisions juridictionnelles.
Risk aversion and engagement in the sharing economy Games

The sharing economy is a new online community that has important implications for offline behavior. This study evaluates whether engagement in the sharing economy is associated with an actor’s aversion to risk. Using a web-based survey and a field experiment, we apply an adaptation of Holt and Laury’s (2002) risk lottery game to a representative sample of sharing economy participants. We find that frequency of activity in the sharing economy predicts risk aversion, but only in interaction with satisfaction. While greater satisfaction with sharing economy websites is associated with a decrease in risk aversion, greater frequency of usage is associated with greater risk aversion. This analysis shows the limitations of a static perspective on how risk attitudes relate to participation in the sharing economy.
Predicting Sentiment using Tranfer Learning

A new transfer learning method is presented in this paper, addressing the task of sentiment analysis across domains.The proposed approach is a transfer learning variant of the Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) model that we name KLIEPPLSA. The approach captures the difference of the word distributions between the different domains. We perform experiments over well known datasets and show the promising results that we obtained with the new method.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of ten Indigenous Grey Cattle Breeds ( Bos indicus ) from different Agroclimatic regions of India using Microsatellite Markers

The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic variation and establish the relationship amongst the ten Indian grey cattle breeds using 21 bovine-specific microsatellite markers. A total of 460 unrelated DNA samples from Hariana, Kankrej, Mewati, Nagori, Tharparkar, Ghumusari, Hill Cattle, Kangayam, Binjharpuri and Punganur breeds of cattle were genotyped to estimate within and between breed genetic diversity indices. The estimated mean allelic diversity was from Tharparkar (9) to Hill Cattle (12.76), with a total of 448 alleles. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.682 (Hill Cattle) to 0.768 (Hariana), while the expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.700 (Tharparkar) to 0.781 (Hill cattle). The FST estimates demonstrated that approximately 92.38% of the total genetic variation was because of the genetic differentiation within population and about 7.62% of the total genetic variation corresponded to among population. Pair-wise breed differentiation, Nei’s standard and DC genetic distance estimates revealed almost close genetic similarity between Hariana-Mewati and Nagori-Mewati respectively in comparison to other breeds. In the UPGMA-based phylogenetic tree constructed from the genetic distances, the five populations of Hariana, Kankrej, Mewati, Nagori and Tharparkar individuals with admixture, whereas, Ghumusari, Hill Cattle and Kangayam individuals showed clear distinctness and formed separate clusters whereas Binjharpuri and Punganur formed separate clusters. Similar relationship among ten breeds was realized using different approaches, i.e. analysis of Molecular variance and PCA.
Model‐guided combinatorial optimization of complex synthetic gene networks

Constructing gene circuits that satisfy quantitative performance criteria has been a long‐standing challenge in synthetic biology. Here, we show a strategy for optimizing a complex three‐gene circuit, a novel proportional miRNA biosensor, using predictive modeling to initiate a search in the phase space of sensor genetic composition. We generate a library of sensor circuits using diverse genetic building blocks in order to access favorable parameter combinations and uncover specific genetic compositions with greatly improved dynamic range. The combination of high‐throughput screening data and the data obtained from detailed mechanistic interrogation of a small number of sensors was used to validate the model. The validated model facilitated further experimentation, including biosensor reprogramming and biosensor integration into larger networks, enabling in principle arbitrary logic with miRNA inputs using normal form circuits. The study reveals how model‐guided generation of genetic diversity followed by screening and model validation can be successfully applied to optimize performance of complex gene networks without extensive prior knowledge.
SEMI-PARAMETRIC SPATIAL AUTO-COVARIANCE MODELS OF REGIONAL GROWTH IN EUROPE

We propose a semi-parametric spatial auto-covariance specification of the growth model to examine the growth behaviour of European regions in the period 1988-2000. This specification simultaneously takes account of the problems of non-linearities and spatial dependence. We obtain two main results. First, there is a trade-off between the identification of non-linearities and the estimation of the spatial parameters. Second, even when controlling for spatial dependence, there is evidence of strong non-linearity between regional growth and its predictors. In particular, the relation between growth and unemployment is negative but not globally linear: regions with an unemployment rate over a certain threshold appear to be 'locked' within an 'underdevelopment trap' with similar lower growth rates.
Micro-Raman investigation of coloured glazes on majolica sherds from the Monk ’ s Palace waste shaft in Capena ( Rome )

Medieval and Renaissance waste shafts (butti) offer a unique opportunity to study objects of common use in past times; the majority of findings that emerge from the excavation of these pits are pottery found in fragmentary condition, sherds that provide essential information on the historical periods to which the butto belongs. In the present work Micro-Raman analysis was conducted on a representative group of samples dated back from XIV to XVIII century, coming from the waste shaft pertained to the Monk’s Palace sited in Leprignano, the current Capena in the province of Rome. The aim of the study was to characterize the composition of coloured glazes pertaining to majolica sherds, through a technique that has proved to be invaluable for this purpose, according to the amount of published data in recent years. Differences in terms of structure and constituents of the decorative layers have been observed. Yellow pigments can be ascribed to the family of lead pyroantimonates, in both binary and ternary form, brown and green glazes are constituted by ions dissolved in the glass matrix, while in blue glazes cobalt olivines have been clearly identified for some samples. Polymerization index calculated on vitreous layers shows the presence of a lead-based glaze, that is commonly found in majolicas referable to the same age and provenance. The results obtained are in a good agreement with Piccolpasso’s treatise, “The Three Books of Potter's Art”, except for a sherd pertaining to a later Ligurian production. ______________________________________________________________
Rawlsian Land Reform with Human Capital: A Social Inclusion Process for the Landless ‘Underdog’

Focusing on the concept of Rawlsian-welfare-analysis, we evaluate land reform in a context of human capital. This theoretical and conceptual analysis is applied to the question of equity and social inclusion: our model previews that latifundia will be divided creating either mesofundia or microfundia. The way the social optimum is achieved, and the way we express the social welfare function is new to the literature, as far as we know, no Rawlsian including land reform has been tempted. The Rawlsian welfare function, in a context of uncertainty, corresponds to the max-min criteria. This means that if land is given to the social underdog, then his welfare improves, but the amount of land must be large enough in order to get him out of the poverty trap (human capital defined) threshold. The iteration of this principle to the successive “underdogs” creates the notion of a dynamic social including Rawlsian land reform. Equity can be improved if we look by the planner’s eyes in a Rawlsian way. This analysis then can be expanded to free market analysis, using the Second Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Analysis and market prices can be retrieved by the Negishi procedure. We also present a criticism to Rawlsian land reform, in the form of the least state interventionism, an utmost version of the liberal paradigm, the anarchic one - Nozickian land reform.