Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Double actuated planar single legged hopping robot forward speed and hopping height control

This paper shows a control method for controlling the forward speed and hopping height of a double actuated planar single legged hopping robot (SLHR). A full representation of the SLHR dynamic performance under the effect of its passive components within appropriate selected initial conditions is shown as the paper discusses the steps for selecting these initial values based on simple ballistic equations. Two types of control algorithms are used to control both actuated robot joints. First a PD control algorithm is tuned to force the hip revolute joint to track the desired trajectory which is related directly to the robots forward speed. Second an energy based controller is introduced to control the knee joint providing the thrust force for the robot to reach its desired apex height. The paper shows a robot good dynamic performance at its different operation modes.
BluePos: Positioning with Bluetooth

The need for a reliable estimation of the user's position is driven by the growing numbers of location-based services. Satellite-based positioning systems such as GPS deliver decent positioning accuracy for many outdoor applications but fail inside buildings. Research has concentrated on reusing already installed 802.11-based network infrastructure, which most cell-phones cannot access. However, many cellphones and mobile devices do offer Bluetooth connectivity, and this paper demonstrates that Bluetooth nowadays provides adequate mechanisms for positioning in an office environment. We propose a Bluetooth-based positioning system and show by means of emulation with real-world data that a positioning accuracy of about 2.5 meters is achievable. Additionally, the impact of concurrently performed positioning on the data communication capabilities of Bluetooth is empirically investigated.
Eight-year experience of combined valve repair for mitral regurgitation and maze procedure.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is often associated with severe mitral regurgitation (MR), a simultaneous maze procedure for AF associated with repair of MR remains controversial. In this study, mid-term results of combined mitral valve repair and the maze procedure were examined. METHODS Between May 1992 and April 2001, 85 patients (61 males, 24 females) underwent valve repair for MR and the maze procedure. Mean age at surgery was 61.8+/-9.1 years; mean follow up was 4.7+/-2.3 years. Valve lesions were anterior in 26 patients (31%), posterior in 31 (36%), anterior + posterior in 23 (27%), and simple dilated annulus in five (6%). Chordal replacement with expanded PTFE sutures was performed in 40 patients (47%), and leaflet resection in 41 (48%). Ring annuloplasty was also applied in 61 patients (72%). Associated procedures were tricuspid valve annuloplasty in 33 (36%), coronary artery bypass grafting in four, atrial septal defect closure in two, aortic valve repair in one, and resection of abnormal septum in the left atrium in one. RESULTS There was one hospital death (1%), and one late death (1%). Reopening the chest for bleeding was necessary in six cases (7%). One thromboembolic episode was detected during follow up (0.25%/patient-year). Reoperation for MR was performed in three patients (4%). Actuarial event-free survival rate was 90.0+/-6.4% at eight years. Sinus rhythm was regained in 68 patients (81%), and atrial A-wave was detected in 57 (68%) by pulsed Doppler study. Postoperative left ventricular diastolic and systolic dimensions were significantly (p = 0.001 and p = 0.017) smaller in patients who restored sinus rhythm than in those who did not (48.6+/-4.6 versus 54.6+/-4.7 mm, and 33.0+/-6.0 versus 38.1+/-6.9 mm). CONCLUSION Combined mitral valve repair for MR and the maze procedure showed satisfactory midterm results. Postoperative sinus rhythm conversion by the maze procedure may reduce left ventricular size, and the incidence of thromboembolic episodes in mitral valve repair.
UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS determination and pharmacokinetics of pinoresinol glucoside and chlorogenic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv extract.

This study aimed to develop a specific UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetics of pinoresinol glucoside and chlorogenic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of Eucommia ulmoides. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hypersil GOLD column with gradient elution by using a mixture of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 200 μL/min. A tandem mass spectrometric detection was conducted using multiple-reaction monitoring via an electrospray ionization source in negative ionization mode. Samples were pre-treated by a single-step protein precipitation with acetonitrile, and bergenin was used as internal standard. After oral administration of 3 mL/kg E. ulmoides extract in rats, the maximum plasma concentrations of pinoresinol glucoside and chlorogenic acid were 57.44 and 61.04 ng/mL, respectively. The times to reach the maximum plasma concentration were 40.00 and 23.33 min for pinoresinol glucoside and chlorogenic acid, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision (RSD) values for the two analytes were <2.46 and 5.15%, respectively, and the accuracy (RE) values ranged from -12.76 to 0.00. This is the first study on pharmacokinetics of bioactive compounds in rat plasma after oral administration of E. ulmoides extract.
Role of membrane phosphotyrosine proteins in human spermatozoal function.

The monoclonal anti-phosphotyrosine antibody (PTA) recognized proteins related to relative molecular mass regions of 94,000 +/- 3000 and 46,000 +/- 3000 Mr on Western blots of detergent-solubilized non-capacitated human sperm extract (HSE). The pattern of phosphorylation at tyrosine residues depended upon the physiological state of the sperm cells. At least six protein bands corresponding to four molecular regions of 94,000 +/- 3000, 46,000 +/- 3000, 25,000 +/- 7000 and 12,000 +/- 2000 Mr, respectively, were labeled with 32P when human sperm were capacitated in vitro; the proteins belonging to the former three regions were phosphotyrosine proteins as they were precipitable by PTA. In vitro kinase assay performed directly on HSE indicated autophosphorylation of proteins of the same four molecular regions, with the capacitated sperm preparations having 30% higher 32P incorporation into 94,000 +/- 3000 Mr proteins and 17% less incorporation into 12,000 +/- 2000 Mr proteins as compared to the non-capacitated sperm preparations. Both of these protein regions were also autophosphorylated at tyrosine residues when immunoprecipitated phosphotyrosine proteins were used for the kinase assay. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of 94,000 +/- 3000 Mr proteins was further stimulated by 1.38- to 1.46-fold in response to exposure to zona pellucida proteins, namely the porcine ZP3 and human zona proteins (HZP); the HZP induced the highest response. Immunofluorescence observations on fixed human sperm demonstrated that capacitation as well as exposure to zona proteins increased the degree of tyrosine-specific fluorescence per sperm cell as well as the number of sperm cells that showed fluorescence at the acrosomal region of the spermhead. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Trauma, personality disorders and chronic depression – the role of the conversational model of psychodynamic psychotherapy in treatment resistant depression

Objective: To report preliminary data describing the interim treatment outcome of 44 patients referred with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), comorbid personality disorders and histories of early childhood trauma using the Conversational Model (CM) of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Method: Patients (N = 44), 13 males and 31 females with long histories of depression ranging from 2 to 30 years, resistant to multiple trials of treatment, were referred by mental health practitioners, including psychiatrists. They were treated with twice weekly CM psychotherapy by multidisciplinary trainees and supervised by experienced trained clinicians. Questionnaires were administered at assessment and at 12 months to assess symptoms, functioning, self-esteem, history of trauma, personality functioning and suicidality. In this preliminary study, there was no separate control group, and patients served as their own controls. Results: Patients with TRD were found to have comorbid severe personality disorders and histories of early childhood trauma. Significant improvement in symptoms, self-esteem, functioning and suicidality was noted after 12 months. Conclusion: Patients responded with symptomatic and functional improvement to twice weekly CM therapy.
Towards assembly steps recognition in augmented reality

Augmented Reality is a media which purpose is to attach digital information to real world scenes in order to enhance the user experience. It has been used in the field of maintenance in order to show the user the operations he has to perform. Our goal is to go one step further so that our system is able to detect when the user has performed a step of the task. It requires some understanding of what is occurring and where objects are located in order to display correct instructions for the task. This paper is focusing on using an intermediate computation result of the usual augmented reality process, which is the pose computation: we propose to use the transformation matrix not only for objects pose estimation, but also to characterise their motion during an assembly task. With this matrix, we can induce spatial relationship between assembly parts and determine which motion occurs. Then we analyse translation and rotation parameters contained in the transformation matrix during the action. We demonstrate that these data correctly characterise the movement between object's fragments. Therefore, by analysing such a matrix, not only we can achieve the required registration step of the augmented reality process, but we can also understand the actions performed by the user.
Postnatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to infant.

Abstract Background. Although transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1 ) from mother to infant has been well documented during pregnancy and delivery, little is known about the possible transmission of HIV-1 during the postnatal period. Methods. We conducted a prospective cohort study in Kigali, Rwanda, of 212 mother—infant pairs who were seronegative for HIV-1 at delivery. All the infants were breast-fed. The subjects were followed at three-month intervals, with Western blot assays for antibodies to HIV-1 and testing of mononuclear cells by a double polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using three sets of primers. To evaluate potential risk factors, each mother who seroconverted was matched with three seronegative control women. Results. After a mean follow-up of 16.6 months, 16 of the 212 mothers became seropositive for HIV-1. Of their 16 infants, 9 became seropositive. One infant was excluded from the analysis because of a positive test by PCR on the blood sample obtained at birth. Postnat.
Towards a Framework for Evaluating Mobile Mental Health Apps.

INTRODUCTION Mobile phones are ubiquitous in society and owned by a majority of psychiatric patients, including those with severe mental illness. Their versatility as a platform can extend mental health services in the areas of communication, self-monitoring, self-management, diagnosis, and treatment. However, the efficacy and reliability of publicly available applications (apps) have yet to be demonstrated. Numerous articles have noted the need for rigorous evaluation of the efficacy and clinical utility of smartphone apps, which are largely unregulated. Professional clinical organizations do not provide guidelines for evaluating mobile apps. MATERIALS AND METHODS Guidelines and frameworks are needed to evaluate medical apps. Numerous frameworks and evaluation criteria exist from the engineering and informatics literature, as well as interdisciplinary organizations in similar fields such as telemedicine and healthcare informatics. RESULTS We propose criteria for both patients and providers to use in assessing not just smartphone apps, but also wearable devices and smartwatch apps for mental health. Apps can be evaluated by their usefulness, usability, and integration and infrastructure. Apps can be categorized by their usability in one or more stages of a mental health provider's workflow. CONCLUSIONS Ultimately, leadership is needed to develop a framework for describing apps, and guidelines are needed for both patients and mental health providers.
TURKISH AND U.S. ATTITUDES TOWARD AGING

As people live longer and the number of older adults increases worldwide, it becomes important to understand the factors that influence how we understand and perceive our own aging as well as how we construct our attitudes toward older adults. Although studies have indicated that later adulthood can be a healthy, productive, and satisfying time of life, ageism or prejudice and discrimination against older adults and a fear of the aging process, continues to be a widespread phenomena. The purpose of this study was to compare attitudes and anxieties toward aging of young and middle-aged men and women from the United States and Turkey. The results indicate that significant country and gender differences exist in how people feel about getting older and the age at which they consider themselves to be “old. ” Contact with elders as well as education regarding the process of aging appear to have a significant impact on attitudes toward aging.
The moderating effects of sample type as evidence of the effects of faking on personality scale correlations and factor structure

Motivational differences as a function of sample type (applicants versus incumbents) have frequently been suspected of causing meaningful differences in the psychometric properties of personality inventories due to the effects of faking. In this quantitative review, correlations among the Big Five personality constructs were estimated and sample type was examined as a potential moderator of the personality construct inter-correlations. The resulting subgroup meta-analytic correlation matrices were factor-analyzed, and the second order factor solutions for job incumbents and job applicants were compared. Results of the metaanalyses indicate frequent, but small moderating effects. The second order factor analyses indicated that the observed moderation had little effect on the congruence of factor loadings. Together, the results are consistent with the position that faking is of little practical consequence in selection settings.
A self-replicating ligase ribozyme

A self-replicating molecule directs the covalent assembly of component molecules to form a product that is of identical composition to the parent. When the newly formed product also is able to direct the assembly of product molecules, the self-replicating system can be termed autocatalytic. A self-replicating system was developed based on a ribozyme that catalyzes the assembly of additional copies of itself through an RNA-catalyzed RNA ligation reaction. The R3C ligase ribozyme was redesigned so that it would ligate two substrates to generate an exact copy of itself, which then would behave in a similar manner. This self-replicating system depends on the catalytic nature of the RNA for the generation of copies. A linear dependence was observed between the initial rate of formation of new copies and the starting concentration of ribozyme, consistent with exponential growth. The autocatalytic rate constant was 0.011 min−1, whereas the initial rate of reaction in the absence of pre-existing ribozyme was only 3.3 × 10−11 M⋅min−1. Exponential growth was limited, however, because newly formed ribozyme molecules had greater difficulty forming a productive complex with the two substrates. Further optimization of the system may lead to the sustained exponential growth of ribozymes that undergo self-replication.
Discover dependency pattern among attributes by using a new type of nonlinear multiregression

Multiregression is one of the most common approaches used to discover dependency pattern among attributes in a database. Nonadditive set functions have been applied to deal with the interactive predictive attributes involved, and some nonlinear integrals with respect to nonadditive set functions are employed to establish a nonlinear multiregression model describing the relation between the objective attribute and predictive attributes. The values of the nonadditive set function play a role of unknown regression coefficients in the model and are determined by an adaptive genetic algorithm from the data of predictive and objective attributes. Furthermore, such a model is now improved by a new numericalization technique such that the model can accommodate both categorical and continuous numerical attributes. The traditional dummy binary method dealing with the mixed type data can be regarded as a very special case of our model when there is no interaction among the predictive attributes and the Choquet integral is used. When running the algorithm, to avoid a premature during the evolutionary procedure, a technique of maintaining diversity in the population is adopted. A test example shows that the algorithm and the relevant program have a good reversibility for the data. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.16: 949–962 (2001)
Enhanced Oligodendrocyte Survival after Spinal Cord Injury in Bax-Deficient Mice and Mice with Delayed Wallerian Degeneration

Mechanisms of oligodendrocyte death after spinal cord injury (SCI) were evaluated by T9 cord level hemisection in wild-type mice (C57BL/6J and Bax+/+ mice), Wlds mice in which severed axons remain viable for 2 weeks, and mice deficient in the proapoptotic protein Bax (Bax-/-). In the lateral white-matter tracts, substantial oligodendrocyte death was evident in the ipsilateral white matter 3-7 mm rostral and caudal to the hemisection site 8 d after injury. Ultrastructural analysis and expression of anti-activated caspase-3 characterized the ongoing oligodendrocyte death at 8 d as primarily apoptotic. Oligodendrocytes were selectively preserved in Wlds mice compared with C57BL/6J mice at 8 d after injury, when severed axons remained viable as verified by antereograde labeling of the lateral vestibular spinal tract. However, 30 d after injury when the severed axons in Wlds animals were already degenerated, the oligodendrocytes preserved at 8 d were lost, and numbers were then equivalent to control C57BL/6J mice. In contrast, oligodendrocyte death was prevented at both time points in Bax-/- mice. When cultured oligodendrocytes were exposed to staurosporine or cyclosporin A, drugs known to stimulate apoptosis in oligodendrocytes, those from Bax-/- mice but not from Bax+/+ or Bax+/- mice were resistant to the apoptotic death. In contrast, the three groups were equally vulnerable to excitotoxic necrosis death induced by kainate. On the basis of these data, we hypothesize that the Wallerian degeneration of white matter axons that follows SCI removes axonal support and induces apoptotic death in oligodendrocytes by triggering Bax expression.
Toward Markov Logic with Conditional Probabilities

Combining probability and first-order logic has been the subject of intensive research during the last ten years. The most well-known formalisms combining probability and some subset of first-order logic are probabilistic relational models (PRMs), Bayesian logic programs (BLPs) and Markov logic networks (MLNs). Of these three formalisms, MLN is the currently most actively researched. While the subset of firstorder logic used by Markov logic networks is more expressive than that of the other two formalisms, its probabilistic semantics is given by weights assigned to formulas, which limits the comprehensibility of MLNs. Based on a knowledge representation formalism developed for propositional probabilistic models, we propose an alternative way to specify Markov logic networks, which allows the specification of probabilities for the formulas of a MLN. This results in better comprehensibility, and might open the way for using background knowledge when learning MLNs or even for the use of MLNs for probabilistic expert systems.
Language acquisition in the absence of experience

Abstract A fundamental goal of linguistic theory is to explain how natural languages are acquired. This paper describes some recent findings on how learners acquire syntactic knowledge for which there is little, if any, decisive evidence from the environment. The first section presents several general observations about language acquisition that linguistic theory has tried to explain and discusses the thesis that certain linguistic properties are innate because they appear universally and in the absence of corresponding experience. A third diagnostic for innateness, early emergence, is the focus of the second section of the paper, in which linguistic theory is tested against recent experimental evidence on children's acquisition of syntax.
Cross Hilbert-Huang transform based feature extraction method for multiple PQ disturbance classification

This paper presents a new methodology of Cross-Hilbert Huang transform based feature selection for sensing simultaneous occurrence of multiple power quality disturbances. Kernel PCA is used for feature selection because this method is well suited for non-linear and non-stationary multiple power quality disturbances. A linear support vector machine is used for classification of the extracted features. Results show that the performance is comparable with the results reported in the literatures. The present method is generic in nature and can be applicable for topologically similar problems.
Bayesian analysis of single‐molecule experimental data

Summary. Recent advances in experimental technologies allow scientists to follow biochemical processes on a single‐molecule basis, which provides much richer information about chemical dynamics than traditional ensemble‐averaged experiments but also raises many new statistical challenges. The paper provides the first likelihood‐based statistical analysis of the single‐molecule fluorescence lifetime experiment designed to probe the conformational dynamics of a single deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hairpin molecule. The conformational change is initially treated as a continuous time two‐state Markov chain, which is not observable and must be inferred from changes in photon emissions. This model is further complicated by unobserved molecular Brownian diffusions. Beyond the simple two‐state model, a competing model that models the energy barrier between the two states of the DNA hairpin as an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process has been suggested in the literature. We first derive the likelihood function of the simple two‐state model and then generalize the method to handle complications such as unobserved molecular diffusions and the fluctuating energy barrier. The data augmentation technique and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are developed to sample from the posterior distribution desired. The Bayes factor calculation and posterior estimates of relevant parameters indicate that the fluctuating barrier model fits the data better than the simple two‐state model.