Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-clairvoyant Scheduling for Weighted Flow Time and Energy on Speed Bounded Processors

We consider the online scheduling problem of minimizing total weighted flow time plus energy on a processor that can scale its speed dynamically between 0 and some maximum speed T. In the past few years this problem has been studied extensively under the clairvoyant setting, which requires the size of a job to be known when it is released [1, 4, 5, 8, 12, 15, 16, 17]. For the non-clairvoyant setting, despite its practical importance, the progress is relatively limited. Only recently an online algorithm LAPS is known to be O(1)-competitive for minimizing (unweighted) flow time plus energy in the infinite speed model (i.e., T = ∞) [10, 11]. This paper makes two contributions to the non-clairvoyant scheduling. First, we resolve the open problem that the unweighted result of LAPS can be extended to the more realistic model with bounded maximum speed. Second, we show that another non-clairvoyant algorithm WRR is O(1)-competitive when weighted flow time is concerned.
The information content of demodulated speech

In this paper we describe the effect of demodulation on speech signals. We compare two different algorithms for demodulating audio: the classic approach based on the Hilbert transform and a new approach based on solving a convex optimization problem. We show that convex demodulation better separates the speech information between the modulator and the carrier. We demonstrate this advantage by measuring the speech-information content using a speech-recognition experiment. Finally, we explore the effect of subband filtering on the demodulation process and the shift of information from the modulator to the carrier as the subbands become wider.
Thigh Muscle Weakness in ACL-deficient Knees Persists without Structured Rehabilitation

We evaluated whether quadriceps and hamstrings weakness depended on chronicity in amateur athletes with anterior cruciate ligament deficiencies. We hypothesized that the weakness would not recover to the level of healthy control subjects without structured rehabilitation. Secondarily, we asked whether quadriceps and hamstrings side-to-side percent asymmetry in strength was consistent at different stages of chronicity. Thirty-six male amateur athletes forming equal groups of short, intermediate, and long chronicity (mean, 4, 12, and 56 months, respectively) were tested isokinetically against control subjects at 60° per second. Weakness was substantial in both muscle groups and at all times ranging from 32% to 21% compared with the control subjects. However, side-to-side deficits revealed a linear trend of lessening with time. The quadriceps had greater side-to-side asymmetry that ranged from 23% to 10%, whereas the hamstrings asymmetry ranged from 14% to almost 0%. Acquiring symmetric strength earlier than 1 year after injury only occurred in the hamstrings. It can be inferred that participation in organized rehabilitation would minimize the detrimental effects of anterior cruciate ligament rupture on thigh muscle strength.Level of Evidence: Prognostic Study, Level II. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The bicoronal flap (craniofacial access): an audit of morbidity and a proposed surgical modification in male pattern baldness.

Maxillofacial surgeons have used the bicoronal flap for nearly three decades to gain access to the craniofacial skeleton. A retrospective analysis of 68 bicoronal flaps done over a five-year period showed that our incidence of permanent morbidity was low. Although 24 patients (35%) experienced some form of sensory abnormality immediately after the operation, this persisted for longer than two years in only one. Complete motor recovery occurred by one year in all 15 patients (22%) who developed postoperative frontalis weakness. Three patients developed male pattern baldness postoperatively, which resulted in exposure of the scar and poor cosmesis. This prompted a cadaveric study in which we assessed the feasibility of modifying the position of the standard bicoronal incision in people who are prone to hair loss. The pivotal point of the bicoronal flap was found to lie at its most inferior aspect. By extending the incision into the skin crease in front of the lobe of the ear it was possible to adjust the anteroposterior position of the bicoronal incision without limiting access to the facial skeleton. We therefore advocate occipitally placed incisions with preauricular extensions in patients who are prone to male pattern baldness.
Simultaneous Non-Negative Matrix Factorization for Multiple Large Scale Gene Expression Datasets in Toxicology

Non-negative matrix factorization is a useful tool for reducing the dimension of large datasets. This work considers simultaneous non-negative matrix factorization of multiple sources of data. In particular, we perform the first study that involves more than two datasets. We discuss the algorithmic issues required to convert the approach into a practical computational tool and apply the technique to new gene expression data quantifying the molecular changes in four tissue types due to different dosages of an experimental panPPAR agonist in mouse. This study is of interest in toxicology because, whilst PPARs form potential therapeutic targets for diabetes, it is known that they can induce serious side-effects. Our results show that the practical simultaneous non-negative matrix factorization developed here can add value to the data analysis. In particular, we find that factorizing the data as a single object allows us to distinguish between the four tissue types, but does not correctly reproduce the known dosage level groups. Applying our new approach, which treats the four tissue types as providing distinct, but related, datasets, we find that the dosage level groups are respected. The new algorithm then provides separate gene list orderings that can be studied for each tissue type, and compared with the ordering arising from the single factorization. We find that many of our conclusions can be corroborated with known biological behaviour, and others offer new insights into the toxicological effects. Overall, the algorithm shows promise for early detection of toxicity in the drug discovery process.
Migren Başağrısında Sempatik Deri Yanıtı

The role of the autonomic dysfunction in the physiopathology of migraine has been the subject of several studies and sympathetic hypofunction during painless period and a reduction of serum adrenalin level have been observed. For the recent years, the sympathetic skin responses (SSR) that is a test giving a way to examine the function of autonomic nervous system simply, practically, and confidently has been used throughout. Since the afferent and efferent pathways of SSR have been known well, it has been used in clinical situation of peripheric autonomic dysfunction till now. But there is unsufficient knowledge related to the central tracts, in clinical presentation characterized with central autonomic dysfunction, this test has not been used commonly. SSR has been shown to be affected with emotional and conscious level that is why it is thought to be that there should be an important role of central pathway in the reflex arch. In this study, SSRs of normal healthy individuals and migraine headache sufferers have been compaired. Among these two groups, the latancies and the amplitudes of SSR have revealed statistically no significant differences. As a result, it has been thought that SSRs in migraine headache sufferers characterized with central autonomic dysfunction showed no significant difference and could not be a good parameter for the follow up. [Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center 1997;4(3):285-290] Key words: Sympathetic skin response, migraine headache, autonomic dysfunction
Comparison of Elevation Change Detection Methods From ICESat Altimetry Over the Greenland Ice Sheet

Estimation of the surface elevation change of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is essential for understanding its response to recent and future climate change. Laser measurements from the NASA’s Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) created altimetric surveys of GrIS surface elevations over the 2003–2009 operational period of the mission. This paper compares four change detection methods using Release 634 ICESat laser altimetry data: repeat tracks (RTs), crossovers (XOs), overlapping footprints (OFPs), and triangulated irregular networks (TINs). All four methods begin with a consistently edited data set and yield estimates of volumetric loss of ice from the GrIS ranging from −193 to −269 km<sup>3</sup>/yr. Using a uniform approach for quantifying uncertainties, we find that volume change rates at the drainage system scale from the four methods can be reconciled within 1-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> uncertainties in just 5 of 19 drainage systems. Ice-sheet-wide volume change estimates from the four methods cannot be reconciled within 1-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> uncertainties. Our volume change estimates lie within the range of previously published estimates, highlighting that the choice of method plays a dominant role in the scatter of volume change estimates. We find that for much of the GrIS, the OFP and TIN methods yield the lowest volume change uncertainties because of their superior spatial distribution of elevation change rate estimates. However, the RT and XO methods offer inherent advantages, and the future work to combine the elevation change detection methods to produce better estimates is warranted.
On the Maximum Coverage Area of Wireless Networked Control Systems With Maximum Cost-Efficiency Under Convergence Constraint

The integration of wireless communication and control systems revealed wireless networked control systems (WNCSs). One fundamental problem in WNCSs is to have a wide coverage area. For the first time in the literature, we address this problem and we obtain the maximum coverage area by solving an optimization problem. In this technical note, we consider a WNCS where the output sensor measurements are transmitted over separate heterogeneous multi-hop wireless ad-hoc subnetworks. The observation process is divided into N parts and the system state is estimated using the Kalman filter. We present the critical arrival probability for a sensor measurement packet such that if the packet arrival probability is larger than the critical value, it is guaranteed that the estimator of the WNCS converges. We derive the maximum total coverage area of the heterogeneous wireless subnetworks having maximum cost-efficiency under the constraint of the convergence of the WNCS estimator.
Low-Overhead Dominating Set based Algorithms for Maximizing Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks, connected dominating set (CDS) has become a key technique to identify redundant nodes and extend network lifetime. Most CDS-based algorithms focus on building the minimal CDS to find as many redundant nodes as possible. However, role rotation is not considered so that the dominating nodes will run out of energy much faster than the non-dominating nodes. Existing CDS-based algorithms for maximizing network lifetime rely on the up-to-date remaining energy level (REL) information within h-hop neighborhood to rotate node roles iteratively. Furthermore, global time synchronization is required to synchronize every round. The overhead on REL updating and time synchronization can lead to energy waste and packet collision. In this paper, we first propose a randomized rotation algorithm, which can totally avoid REL updating. Then, dominating node history is added as an enhancement to further extend network lifetime. Finally, we propose a broadcast-based synchronization mechanism to reduce the synchronization overhead and assist dominating node selection. Extensive simulations show that our proposed algorithm can significantly reduce overhead without sacrificing network lifetime.
Small Materialized Aggregates: A Light Weight Index Structure for Data Warehousing

Small Materialized Aggregates (SMAs for short) are considered a highly flexible and versatile alternative for materialized data cubes. The basic idea is to compute many aggregate values for small to medium-sized buckets of tuples. These aggregates are then used to speed up query processing. We present the general idea and present an application of SMAs to the TPC-D benchmark. We show that application of SMAs to TPC-D Query 1 results in a speed up of two orders of magnitude. Then, we elaborate on the problem of query processing in the presence of SMAs. Last, we briefly discuss some further tuning possibilities for SMAs.
Cek5, a membrane receptor-type tyrosine kinase, is in neurons of the embryonic and postnatal avian brain

Cek5 is a recently identified receptor-type tyrosine kinase of the Eph subclass that is nearly ubiquitously expressed during embryonic development (Pasquale, 1991). Cek5 is predominantly expressed in the avian CNS throughout development, and high levels remain apparent in adult neurons. By means of immunofluorescence microscopy and high- resolution immunoelectron microscopy, Cek5 was found to be expressed in many regions of the chicken brain at various developmental stages, most notably in the hippocampus and cerebellum. The highest concentration of Cek5 was observed in the molecular layer of the cerebellum, associated within the axons of mature granule cells (parallel fibers) and with the cell bodies of immature granule cells. In the axons of parallel fibers, Cek5 was concentrated in the fasciculated nonsynaptic portions. This localization, together with the “adhesion” motifs present in the Cek5 extracellular region suggest that Cek5 may interact with other cell surface-associated molecules and be involved in the growth, guidance, and/or bundling of certain unmyelinated axonal processes. Alternatively (or in addition), Cek5 may represent the receptor for a neurotrophic substance, similar to several other neuronal transmembrane tyrosine kinases.
Mapping Infant Brain Myelination with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Myelination, the elaboration of myelin surrounding neuronal axons, is essential for normal brain function. The development of the myelin sheath enables rapid synchronized communication across the neural systems responsible for higher order cognitive functioning. Despite this critical role, quantitative visualization of myelination in vivo is not possible with current neuroimaging techniques including diffusion tensor and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although these techniques offer insight into structural maturation, they reflect several different facets of development, e.g., changes in axonal size, density, coherence, and membrane structure; lipid, protein, and macromolecule content; and water compartmentalization. Consequently, observed signal changes are ambiguous, hindering meaningful inferences between imaging findings and metrics of learning, behavior or cognition. Here we present the first quantitative study of myelination in healthy human infants, from 3 to 11 months of age. Using a new myelin-specific MRI technique, we report a spatiotemporal pattern beginning in the cerebellum, pons, and internal capsule; proceeding caudocranially from the splenium of the corpus callosum and optic radiations (at 3–4 months); to the occipital and parietal lobes (at 4–6 months); and then to the genu of the corpus callosum and frontal and temporal lobes (at 6–8 months). Our results also offer preliminary evidence of hemispheric myelination rate differences. This work represents a significant step forward in our ability to appreciate the fundamental process of myelination, and provides the first ever in vivo visualization of myelin maturation in healthy human infancy.
Performances Comparison of Neural Architectures for On-Line Speed Estimation in Sensorless IM Drives

The performance of sensor-less controlled induction motor drive depends on the accuracy of the estimated speed. Conventional estimation techniques being mathematically complex require more execution time resulting in poor dynamic response. The nonlinear mapping capability and powerful learning algorithms of neural network provides a promising alternative for on-line speed estimation. The on-line speed estimator requires the NN model to be accurate, simpler in design, structurally compact and computationally less complex to ensure faster execution and effective control in real time implementation. This in turn to a large extent depends on the type of Neural Architecture. This paper investigates three types of neural architectures for on-line speed estimation and their performance is compared in terms of accuracy, structural compactness, computational complexity and execution time. The suitable neural architecture for on-line speed estimation is identified and the promising results obtained are presented. Keywords—Sensorless IM drives, rotor speed estimators, artificial neural network, feedforward architecture, single neuron cascaded architecture.
Modeling and control of a two-tank molten salt thermal storage for a concentrated solar plant

This paper is focused on a two-tank molten salt sensible Thermal Energy Storage (TES) that exchanges heat with a Concentrated Solar Plant (CSP) in a indirect active way. A detailed dynamical model that reproduces the physical behavior of a two-tank molten salt sensible TES is presented first. Then a control strategy is designed to regulate the enthalpy of the CSP fluid after charging or discharging it and to also regulate the tank levels in order to ensure a certain amount of available storage material at any time. Finally some illustrative simulation results are given.
An Interpretive-emergent-holistic Approach for Collaborative Governance an Interpretive-emergent-holistic Approach for Collaborative Governance

In this paper, we intend to propose a novel pathway for achieving systems thinking—a prerequisite for strategic management—in the context of collaborative governance. This novel pathway, namely an interpretive-emergent-holistic approach, is grounded in complex adaptive systems framework and aimed at leveraging the computational power of today's information technology in providing rigorous, systematic understanding of the complex nature of collaborative governance. The defining feature of collaborative governance is the direct engagement of non-state stakeholders in a collective decision-making process for challenging social problems. While its potential has been well discussed, three major analytical challenges need to be addressed to gain in-depth understanding of success factors and pitfalls of collaborative governance and subsequently to advise practitioners in harvesting benefits from this promising governance structure. We finished this paper with discussing practical questions in implementing this approach.
Thermospermine levels are controlled by an auxin-dependent feedback loop mechanism in Populus xylem.

Polyamines are small polycationic amines that are widespread in living organisms. Thermospermine, synthesized by thermospermine synthase ACAULIS5 (ACL5), was recently shown to be an endogenous plant polyamine. Thermospermine is critical for proper vascular development and xylem cell specification, but it is not known how thermospermine homeostasis is controlled in the xylem. We present data in the Populus model system supporting the existence of a negative feedback control of thermospermine levels in stem xylem tissues, the main site of thermospermine biosynthesis. While over-expression of the ACL5 homologue in Populus, POPACAULIS5, resulted in strong up-regulation of ACL5 expression and thermospermine accumulation in leaves, the corresponding levels in the secondary xylem tissues of the stem were similar or lower than those in the wild-type. POPACAULIS5 over-expression had a negative effect on accumulation of indole-3-acetic acid, while exogenous auxin had a positive effect on POPACAULIS5 expression, thus promoting thermospermine accumulation. Further, over-expression of POPACAULIS5 negatively affected expression of the class III homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-Zip III) transcription factor gene PttHB8, a homologue of AtHB8, while up-regulation of PttHB8 positively affected POPACAULIS5 expression. These results indicate that excessive accumulation of thermospermine is prevented by a negative feedback control of POPACAULIS5 transcript levels through suppression of indole-3-acetic acid levels, and that PttHB8 is involved in the control of POPACAULIS5 expression. We propose that this negative feedback loop functions to maintain steady-state levels of thermospermine, which is required for proper xylem development, and that it is dependent on the presence of high concentrations of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid, such as those present in the secondary xylem tissues.
Perspectives vs. Reality of Heritage Language Development: Voices from Second-Generation Korean-American High School Students.

Despite these benefits, research also shows the difficulty of maintaining or developing one’s HL. Research documents a continuing pattern of decline in the use of HL and in HL competence among language minority groups, leading them to eventually lose their HL and become English monolinguals. The use of the HL begins to decline as children of immigrants move through school. In this regard, Garcia and Diaz (1992) conducted a survey research with Spanish-speaking high school students in Miami, Florida. They found a decline in the percentage of students who reported using mostly or all Spanish. Among these students, HL was used more with parents, less with siblings, and even less with peers. A similar decline was found among Vietnamese-speaking children in elementary and middle school (Nguyen, Shin, & Krashen, 2001) and across a number of language communities (Wong Fillmore, 1991). HL competence is shown to decline with age as well. Merino (1983) compared HL competence with English competence and found a decline in oral Spanish competence between ages five and seven, measured at two points in time in a test of oral language production. Zhou (2001) conducted a study comparing HL competence of 363 Vietnamese-background teenagers, who were either born in the U.S. or arrived before age six. At a two-year follow-up, 61% reported a decline in HL competence, which was accompanied by an increase in English competence. Espiritu and Wolf ’s Introduction
Design and implementation of a visual tracking system for small-scale unmanned helicopters

A visual tracking system for unmanned helicopters is introduced in this paper. The target is identified based on the identification methods of statistical analyses of color pieces and tracked based on the color histogram meanshift method. A visual tracking controller is designed for the ground target tracking. This controller contains a nonlinear controller and a linear controller. Experimental results show that the visual tracking system is stable and reliable even when the target is performing a certain extent maneuver.
Reinforcement Learning with Human Teachers: Evidence of Feedback and Guidance with Implications for Learning Performance

As robots become a mass consumer product, they will need to learn new skills by interacting with typical human users. Past approaches have adapted reinforcement learning (RL) to accept a human reward signal; however, we question the implicit assumption that people shall only want to give the learner feedback on its past actions. We present findings from a human user study showing that people use the reward signal not only to provide feedback about past actions, but also to provide future directed rewards to guide subsequent actions. Given this, we made specific modifications to the simulated RL robot to incorporate guidance. We then analyze and evaluate its learning performance in a second user study, and we report significant improvements on several measures. This work demonstrates the importance of understanding the human-teacher/robot-learner system as a whole in order to design algorithms that support how people want to teach while simultaneously improving the robot's learning performance.