Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Infrared Einstein Ring in the Gravitational Lens MG J1131+0456 and the Death of the Dusty Lens Hypothesis

We have obtained and modeled NICMOS images of the Einstein ring lens system MG J1131+0456, which show that its lens galaxy is an H = 18.6 mag, transparent, early-type galaxy at a redshift of zl ≃ 0.84; it has a major axis effective radius Re = 0. ″7 ± 0. ″1, projected axis ratio b/a = 0.6 ± 0.1, and major axis P.A. = 55° ± 9°. The lens is the brightest member of a group of at least seven galaxies with similar R-I and I-H colors, and the two closest group members produce sufficient tidal perturbations to explain the shape of the ring. The host galaxy of the MG J1131+0456 source is a zs ≳ 2 extremely red object (ERO) that is lensed into optical and infrared rings of dramatically different morphologies. These differences imply a strongly wavelength-dependent source morphology that could be explained by embedding the host in a larger, dusty disk. At 1.6 μm (H), the ring is spectacularly luminous, with a total observed flux of H = 17.4 mag and a demagnified flux of 19.3 mag, corresponding to a 1-2 L* galaxy at the probable source redshift of zs ≳ 2. Thus, it is primarily the stellar emission of the radio source host galaxy that produces the overall colors of two of the reddest radio lenses, MG J1131+0456 and JVAS B1938+666, aided by the suppression of optical active galactic nucleus emission by dust in the source galaxy. The dusty lens hypothesis — that many massive early-type galaxies with 0 ≲ zl ≲ 1 have large, uniform dust opacities — is ruled out.
A conceptual model of psychological commitment based on the concept of attitude strength

This study is introduced with a review of Funk and James (2001), Funk, Haugtvedt, and Howard (2000), and Krosnick and Petty (1995), which provide the basis for measuring psychological commitment. It is proposed that a better understanding of the concept of attitude strength may provide insight into the antecedents and the primary evidence (resistance to change) of psychological commitment. More specifically, Funk et al. (2000) suggest that various attitudinal properties (e.g., knowledge, extremity, importance) may function as antecedents of psychological commitment. This understanding provides a direction for conceptualizing and measuring the factors comprising psychological commitment to a sports team. The conceptual model of psychological commitment to a sports team proposed that the antecedents of psychological commitment are represented by nine attitude properties, categorized into three strength-related dimensions: (1) cognitive structure affective reaction, cognitive reaction, amount of knowledge, direct experience, and accessibility, (2) subjective beliefs personal relevance, certainty, and importance of the attitude object, and (3) attitude valence extremity attributes. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the antecedents of psychological commitment to a sports team through a conceptual model based on the concept of attitude strength, and the causal relationship between psychological commitment to a sports team and resistance to changing team allegiance. Based upon the results of the pilot study and preliminary analysis of the main study, accessibility, direct experience, and personal relevance were dropped. In doing so, the proposed model of psychological commitment was revised. The measurement models and the structural model were analyzed. The results of the measurement models indicated that the proposed model of psychological commitment to a sports team was confirmed as well as the results of structural model indicated that resistance to changing team allegiance was directly influenced by psychological commitment to a sports team. The findings of this study will contribute not only to an extension of the knowledge base of psychological commitment to a sports team in the area
Depth Not Needed - An Evaluation of RGB-D Feature Encodings for Off-Road Scene Understanding by Convolutional Neural Network

Scene understanding for autonomous vehicles is a challenging computer vision task, with recent advances in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieving results that notably surpass prior traditional feature driven approaches. However, limited work investigates the application of such methods either within the highly unstructured off-road environment or to RGBD input data. In this work, we take an existing CNN architecture designed to perform semantic segmentation of RGB images of urban road scenes, then adapt and retrain it to perform the same task with multichannel RGBD images obtained under a range of challenging off-road conditions. We compare two different stereo matching algorithms and five different methods of encoding depth information, including disparity, local normal orientation and HHA (horizontal disparity, height above ground plane, angle with gravity), to create a total of ten experimental variations of our dataset, each of which is used to train and test a CNN so that classification performance can be evaluated against a CNN trained using standard RGB input.
A self-healing distributed pervasive health system

In the context of pervasive healthcare systems there is a growing need of services that are constantly available to the patients accessing them. To address this issue, in this paper we present a distributed pervasive infrastructure that is capable of self-healing one or more of its parts when an external event causes a disruption of the service in the areas covered by the pervasive system. We utilise approaches from multi-agent systems MASs such as communication, coordination, planning and agent environments to create a distributed system whose emergent behaviour shows the capability to heal itself even if 50% of the system is not functioning due to external causes.
Adjuvant Docetaxel and Abbreviated Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Patients with High Risk Prostate Cancer

Results: Overall, treatment was well tolerated with minimal toxicity. One patient experienced grade 4 hyperglycemia and one patient experienced grade 3 transaminitis. At a median follow-up of 47.5 months, 7 patients (35%) have progressed. Four-year estimated Kaplan-Meier biochemical progression free survival (KM-bPFS) was 63.7% . Conclusions: Docetaxel and an abbreviated course of hormonal therapy after RP or RT in patients with high risk prostate cancer is feasible and safe. The ongoing randomized phase III trial of abbreviated 6 months hormonal therapy with radiation therapy with or without docetaxel in patients with high risk prostate cancer will elucidate the role of docetaxel on biochemical progression-free survival and overall survival in this group of high risk patients with prostate cancer.
Acoustic Sensor Arrays with Small Baseline

Aeroacoustic sensing is well motivated due to its passive nature and low bandwidth, and processing with array baselines of one to a few meters is well studied and useful. However, arrays of this size present difficulties in manufacture and deployment. Motivated by the desire to develop smaller, cheaper (perhaps “disposable”) sensor packages, we consider performance for arrays with small baselines. The performance of angle estimation operating roughly in the [30, 500] Hz regime is limited by the observed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and propagation in the turbulent atmosphere. Scattering results in a reduction of spatial coherence, which places fundamental limits on angle estimation accuracy. Physics-based statistical models for the scattering have enabled prediction of network performance, including detection, angle estimation, time-delay estimation, and geolocation. In the present work, we focus on angle estimation accuracy for the short baseline case. While a large aperture is desirable to improve angle estimation, the propagation produces a rolloff in the spatial coherence that ultimately degrades the performance despite increasing the array aperture. We characterize this tradeoff analytically via Cramér-Rao bounds, as a function of SNR, frequency, range, sensor array geometry, and propagation conditions. The results clearly favor shorter ranges and higher frequencies when employing small array baselines.
The self-evidencing brain

An exciting theory in neuroscience is that the brain is an organ for prediction error minimization (PEM). This theory is rapidly gaining influence and is set to dominate the science of mind and brain in the years to come. PEM has extreme explanatory ambition, and profound philosophical implications. Here, I assume the theory, briefly explain it, and then I argue that PEM implies that the brain is essentially self-evidencing. This means it is imperative to identify an evidentiary boundary between the brain and its environment. This boundary defines the mind-world relation, opens the door to skepticism, and makes the mind transpire as more inferentially secluded and neurocentrically skull-bound than many would nowadays think. Therefore, PEM somewhat deflates contemporary hypotheses that cognition is extended, embodied and enactive; however, it can nevertheless accommodate the kinds of cases that fuel these hypotheses.
An Improved Algorithm for Reprojecting Rays through Pixel Images

It is often desired to calculate line integrals through a field of reconstructed CT density pixels for the purpose of improving CT image quality. Two algorithms widely published and discussed in the past are known to either degrade spatial resolution or generate errors in the results due to the discontinuous "square pixel" modeling of the reconstructed image. An algorithm is described, based on linear interpolation between pixels, which provides superior accuracy without unnecessary loss of resolution. It was tested on simulated data for a head section and on a narrow Gaussian density distribution. The experimental results demonstrated improved performance. The method is expected to prove useful for many types of post-reconstruction processing, including beam hardening, missing data, and noise supression algorithms.
Assessing the assumptions underlying mechanism design for the Internet

The networking research community increasingly seeks to leverage mechanism design to create incentive mechanisms that align the interests of selfish agents with the interests of a principal designer. To apply mechanism design, a principal designer must adopt a variety of assumptions about the structure of the induced game and the agents that will be participating. (We focus in this paper on assumptions regarding agent preferences and non-repeated vs. repeated games.) As we demonstrate, such assumptions are central to understanding the degree to which theoretical claims based upon mechanism design support architectural design decisions or are useful predictors of real-world system dynamics. This understanding is central to integrating the theoretical results from mechanism design into a larger architectural discussion and engineering analysis required in networking research. We present two case studies that examine how the valid theoretical claims of [7, 18] relate to a larger, architectural discussion. We conclude with a discussion of general criteria for designing and evaluating incentive mechanisms for complex real-world networks like the Internet.
Land Tenure in the Changing Peri-Urban Areas of Ethiopia: The Case of Bahir Dar City

Ethiopia's urban expansion and development strategy has been based on the acquisition of land by government from adjacent peri-urban areas. The land in the peri-urban areas is predominantly agricultural in nature, and it has been held by local farmers or landholders. This article aims to examine the nature of urban expansion and development from the perspective of the land rights of the local peri-urban landholders. To achieve this purpose, it has employed a case-study approach. As urban territory extends into adjacent peri-urban areas, the land rights of local landholders are expected to be automatically cancelled and transferred to people who can pay for a lease. This shows that very little attention is paid to the land rights of local landholders in peri-urban areas in the process of urban expansion and development. Therefore, it is not difficult to imagine that local landholders in those areas have a prevailing sense of insecurity about their land.
PERSONALITY AND MENTAL HEALTH OF PSYCHIATRY RESIDENTS

SUMMARY The clinician-patient relationship is more intense in the field of psychiatry than in other specialities of medicine. In this context, an understanding of the personality assets and liabilities of a psychiatrist takes on special significance. In the present comparative cross-sectional study, the personality profile, positive mental health characteristics and empathy were studied in two groups of residents in psychiatry and one in general medicine. Residents in psychiatry had greater amount of positive mental health characteristics and identifiable personality traits. However, in empathy the three groups did not show any significant difference. The utility and implications of the results are discussed.
Distribution and evolution of von Willebrand/integrin A domains: widely dispersed domains with roles in cell adhesion and elsewhere.

The von Willebrand A (VWA) domain is a well-studied domain involved in cell adhesion, in extracellular matrix proteins, and in integrin receptors. A number of human diseases arise from mutations in VWA domains. We have analyzed the phylogenetic distribution of this domain and the relationships among approximately 500 proteins containing this domain. Although the majority of VWA-containing proteins are extracellular, the most ancient ones, present in all eukaryotes, are all intracellular proteins involved in functions such as transcription, DNA repair, ribosomal and membrane transport, and the proteasome. A common feature seems to be involvement in multiprotein complexes. Subsequent evolution involved deployment of VWA domains by Metazoa in extracellular proteins involved in cell adhesion such as integrin beta subunits (all Metazoa). Nematodes and chordates separately expanded their complements of extracellular matrix proteins containing VWA domains, whereas plants expanded their intracellular complement. Chordates developed VWA-containing integrin alpha subunits, collagens, and other extracellular matrix proteins (e.g., matrilins, cochlin/vitrin, and von Willebrand factor). Consideration of the known properties of VWA domains in integrins and extracellular matrix proteins allows insights into their involvement in protein-protein interactions and the roles of bound divalent cations and conformational changes. These allow inferences about similar functions in novel situations such as protease regulators (e.g., complement factors and trypsin inhibitors) and intracellular proteins (e.g., helicases, chelatases, and copines).
A Second Order Variation Based Bilateral Filter for Image Stylization and Texture Removal

Extracting meaningful structures and removing unimportant details or textures from a real world image is a classical problem in the domain of non-photorealistic rendering for images and benefits further computer vision related tasks as well. In this paper, we propose a structure sensitive bilateral filter by designing a novel weighting function which applies the second order variations of local color values. The proposed filter results in an image stylization effect where an image is represented by more flatten while distinguishable color regions. Furthermore, by combining the traditional bilateral filter as a post processing, textures embedded in mosaic art and embroidery art like images can be removed efficiently. Comparisons with the state-of-the-art methods are also provided to verify the validity and efficiency of the proposed filter.
Deliberate Self-Harm in Female Patients With Affective Disorders: Investigation of Personality Structure and Affect Regulation by Means of Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics

This study investigated psychodynamically relevant dimensions in female depressive patients with and without deliberate self-harm (DSH). DSH is often observed in depressive patients and frequently shows a correlation with personality disorders. Forty female depressive patients with and without DSH were investigated after recovery from acute depressive pathology by means of “operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics” (OPD). Patients with DSH had a significantly lower level of integration in the OPD dimension “structure,” and their “interpersonal relationships” showed dysfunctional interaction patterns. They also had a significantly higher rate of personality disorders. These results underline the significance of aspects of personality structure in female depressive patients with DSH, and enable a deeper understanding of their dysfunctional defense strategies, the connections with underlying disturbed affect regulation, and vicious circles in the therapeutic transference-countertransference relationship. OPD has been shown to be a useful tool for empirical research into therapeutically relevant dimensions of personality.
Extending the Applicability of Recommender Systems: A Multilayer Framework for Matching Human Resources

Recommender systems (RS) so far have been applied to many fields of e-commerce in order to assist users in finding the products that best meet their preferences. However, while the application of RS to the search for objects is well established, this is not the case for the search for subjects. This is astonishing as a growing number of people make personal and professional information digitally available to others by managing profiles in CV databases, social networking platforms and other online services. In order to address this new field of application for RS, we integrate own prior research into a unified multilayer framework supporting the matching of individuals for recruitment and team staffing processes. By this means we enhance RS research and make a next step towards the development of empirically and theoretically grounded decision support for the human resources function
Acupuncture Treatment for Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial with Six Months Follow-Up

Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain. It has been suggested that some acupoints have a specific effect on heel pain. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and specificity of acupuncture treatment for plantar fasciitis. Subjects were randomly assigned to the treatment group (n = 28) or control group (n = 25). The treatment group received needling at the acupoint PC 7, which is purported to have a specific effect for heel pain. The control group received needling at the acupoint Hegu (LI 4), which has analgesic properties. Treatment was administered five times a week for 2 weeks, with an identical method of manual needling applied to the two acupoints. The primary outcome measure was morning pain on a 100-point visual analog scale (VAS) at one month post-treatment. Secondary outcome measures included a VAS for activity pain, overall pain rating as well as pressure pain threshold using algometry. Significant differences in reduction in pain scores, favoring the treatment group, were seen at one month for morning pain (22.6 ± 4.0 versus 12.0 ± 3.0, mean ± SEM), overall pain (20.3 ± 3.7 versus 9.5 ± 3.6) and pressure pain threshold (145.5 ± 32.9 versus −15.5 ± 39.4). No serious adverse event was observed in either group. The results indicate that acupuncture can provide pain relief to patient with plantar fasciitis, and that PC 7 is a relatively specific acupoint for heel pain.
DISC: A Declarative Framework for Self-Healing Web Services Composition

Web services composition design, verification and monitoring are active and widely studied research directions. Little work however has been done in integrating these related dimensions using a unified formalism. In this paper we propose a declarative event-oriented framework, called DISC, that serves as a unified framework to bridge the gap between the process design, verification and monitoring. Proposed framework allows for a composition design to accommodate various aspects such as data relationships and constraints, Web services dynamic binding, compliance regulations, security or temporal requirements and others. Then, it allows for instantiating, verifying and executing the composition design and for monitoring the process while in execution. The effect of run-time violations can also be calculated and a set of recovery actions can be taken, allowing for the self-healing Web services composition.
Los peruanos en Santiago de Chile. Transformaciones urbanas y percepción de los inmigrantes

A partir de los anos 90, la informacion estadistica da cuenta de una masiva llegada de inmigrantes peruanos a la Region Metropolitana, concentrandose principalmente en las comunas de Santiago, Recoleta e Independencia. En este articulo se busca entender el efecto de los inmigrantes como factor de cambio en las areas centrales de la capital, desde las transformaciones socio-espaciales, las que modifican el territorio, como el comportamiento de la poblacion –evolucion y distribucion espacial-, y los cambios en la morfologia y estructura de este. Lo anterior tiene sentido sobre la base teorica de la Nueva Geografia de las Migraciones, la cual explica el problema migratorio en el contexto de la Globalizacion y como esta origina nuevos polos de atraccion para la localizacion de esta poblacion. Finalmente, se evaluan las condiciones de vida objetiva y percibida de los inmigrantes peruanos en cuanto a la calidad de vida y de satisfaccion residencial.
Hypoxia tolerance is conserved across genetically distinct sub-populations of an iconic, tropical Australian teleost (Lates calcarifer)

We used five genetically distinct sub-populations of Australian barramundi (Lates calcarifer) to examine the extent of intraspecific variability in hypoxia tolerance at typical (26°C) and warm (36°C) temperatures. Critical oxygen tension ([O2]crit) was lower at 26°C than at 36°C, indicating greater hypoxia tolerance at the cooler temperature, but was not different between sub-populations.
Bracing behavior in humanoid through preview control of impact disturbance

In this paper, we propose a new approach for a humanoid balance control. In previous research, a balance control of a humanoid was regarded as a method which absorbs the difference of assumed environment model and real environment. In contrast, we focus on generating bracing motions using prediction of time series of external force. We introduce a disturbance preview control method to generate bracing behavior against external impact. In order to reduce ZMP error at the moment of external impact, we control desired COG trajectory by using a disturbance preview control that takes future information of an external force represented as velocity disturbance of COG. Finally, we show numerical simulation results and demonstrate clash experiments using humanoid robot HOA P-2
Measurements of sharing in Multics

There are many good arguments for implementing information systems as distributed systems. These arguments depend on the extent to which interactions between machines in the distributed implementation can be minimized. Sharing among users of a computer utility is a type of interaction that may be difficult to provide in a distributed system. This paper defines a number of parameters that can be used to characterize such sharing. This paper reports measurements that were made on the M.I. T. Multics system in order to obtain estimates of the values of these parameters for that system. These estimates are upper bounds on the amount of sharing and show that although Multics was designed to provide active sharing among its users, very little sharing actually takes place. Most of the sharing that does take place is sharing of system programs, such as the compilers and editors.