Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Biological Standard of Living on Three Continents: Further Explorations in Anthropometric History

Introduction: historical anthropometrics - theory, method, and the state of the field, Timothy Cuff. Part 1 Europe: the Irish famine and intergenerational influences on weight at birth - two case studies, W. Peter Ward beyond Villerme and Quetelet - the quantitative relation between sex- and age-specific height and real per-capita income, J.W. Drukker diet, health and stature of the Russian population from the mid-19th to the beginning of the 20th century, Boris N. Mirinov heights and welfare in Spain 1900-1936, V. Perez-Moreda. Part 2 North America: heights of early American seafarers 1812-1815, Ira Dye a new anthropometric look at the status of women and children in Oneida community 1848-1881, John E. Murray heights, nutrition and per-capita income - Canada 1870-1915, Trevor Dick the heights of Americans in three centuries - some economic and demographic implications, Kenneth Sokoloff. Part 3 Asia: an inventory of secular changes in human growth in Indonesia, Pierre van der Eng. Part 4 Conclusion: anthropometric history and economic history, Stephen Nicholas.
A Study on the Health Locus of Control Beliefs in Cerebral Vascular Accident Patients: The Application of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales: 多次元的健康統制尺度を用いて

The Application of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scales developed by Wallston et al., were ap-plied to 82 subjects with cerebral vascular accidents with a view to objectively deciding the patients' health locus of control. As a result, an external control tendency was observed. The result of the analy-sis revealed that no major effect was observed in internality (IHLC) or powerful others (PHLC), while a major effect was observed in chance (CHLC) externality when comparing sex differences or hypercortical dysfunction. There were no observable interactions among any of these factors. From the above find-ings we concluded that loss of confidence occured from difficulties experienced in their daily lives due to cerebral vascular accidents and that the subjects became more susceptible to incidents and accidents. Also, it is suggested that the sence of health locus of control is not related to lesions in the right and/or left hemisphere but to gender difference and/or hypercortical dysfunction. Therefore, it is necessary to regard hypercortical dysfunction as a vital factor affecting the health locus of control instead of simply regarding it as one of the symptoms. The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales are useful for evaluating the health locus of control of patients with hypercortical dysfunction.
Effect of Body Mass Index on the Outcome of In-Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Women

Background: Obesity, a known epidemic, is a leading cause of various reproductive disorders. Association of body mass index (BMI) with pregnancy outcomes, either ovarian or endometrial, is controversial and least elucidated. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the effect of BMI on in-vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome in women using self-oocytes, embryos prepared from donor oocytes (DE), or vitrified/frozen embryos (VE) obtained from both the SE and DE groups. Materials and Methods: A 9-month retrospective study was conducted on women undergoing IVF/ICSI. The women were grouped according to the World Health Organization classification of BMI (<18.50, 18.50–24.99, 25.00–29.99, and ≥30.00 kg/m2). They were further subcategorized as SE, DE, and VE groups. Ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) was recorded as primary, whereas pregnancy rate (PR), clinical PR (CPR), implantation rate (IR), and clinical abortion rate (CAR) were secondary endpoints. Age, number of mature eggs, usable embryos, and embryos transferred were also measured. The data were statistically analyzed using chi-square and analysis of variance. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: OPR was statistically insignificant across all the groups. Secondary outcomes were statistically insignificant in all the groups except in VE, where IR (P = 0.008) and CAR (P = 0.0002) were statically significant. Other parameters were statistically insignificant among all the groups. However, in the SE and VE groups, the mean age was statistically significant (SE, P = 0.0001; VE, P = 0.0191). Conclusion: This study showed marginal/no effect of BMI on oocyte quality/endometrial receptivity and, subsequently, on the pregnancy outcome. However, well-designed, larger prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of BMI in pregnancy outcome in women undergoing IVF/ICSI.
Using dimensional analysis to assess scalability and accuracy in molecular communication

In this paper, we apply dimensional analysis to study a diffusive molecular communication system that uses diffusing enzymes in the propagation environment to mitigate intersymbol interference. The enzymes bind to information molecules and then degrade them so that they cannot interfere with the detection of future transmissions at the receiver. We determine when it is accurate to assume that the concentration of information molecules throughout the receiver is constant and equal to that expected at the center of the receiver. We show that a lower bound on the expected number of molecules observed at the receiver can be arbitrarily scaled over the environmental parameters, and generalize how the accuracy of the lower bound is qualitatively impacted by those parameters.
The origin and implications of dark matter anisotropic cosmic infall on ~L * haloes

We measure the anisotropy of dark matter flows on small scales (∼500 kpc) in the near environment of haloes using a large set of simulations. We rely on two different approaches to quantify the anisotropy of the cosmic infall: we measure the flows at the virial radius of the haloes while describing the infalling matter via fluxes through a spherical shell; and we measure the spatial and kinematical distributions of satellites and substructures around haloes detected by the subclump finder adaptahop described for the first time in the appendix. The two methods are found to be in agreement both qualitatively and quantitatively via one- and two-point statistics. The peripheral and advected momenta are correlated with the spin of the embedded halo at levels of 30 and 50 per cent. The infall takes place preferentially in the plane perpendicular to the direction defined by the spin of the halo. We computed the excess of equatorial accretion both through rings and via a harmonic expansion of the infall. The level of anisotropy of infalling matter is found to be ∼15 per cent. The substructures have their spin orthogonal to their velocity vector in the rest frame of the halo at a level of about 5 per cent, suggestive of an image of a flow along filamentary structures, which provides an explanation for the measured anisotropy. Using a ‘synthetic’ stacked halo, it is shown that the positions and orientations of satellites relative to the direction of spin of the halo are not random even in projection. The average ellipticity of stacked haloes is 10 per cent, while the alignment excess in projection reaches 2 per cent. All measured correlations are fitted by a simple three-parameter model. We conclude that a halo does not see its environment as an isotropic perturbation, we investigate how the anisotropy is propagated inwards using perturbation theory, and we discuss briefly the implications for weak lensing, warps and the thickness of galactic discs.
An Exploration of Cultural Sensitivity

In seeking to provide a custodial therapeutic environment able to meet the diverse needs of every prisoner, an understanding of the background and cultural heritage of each individual is an essential component of a comprehensive assessment, case formulation, and therapeutic engagement. It is especially important for prisoners whose historical, systemic, social, and familial backgrounds deviate from those of the White British majority. This study, through qualitative interviews, explored the experiences of eight randomly selected Black or Minority Ethnic (BME) prisoners (within this study this refers to prisoners who did not identify themselves as being White British1) who had been engaged in therapy for a minimum of 12 months, to determine how culturally sensitive HMP Grendon, as a therapeutic community prison, was to their culture and backgrounds. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results indicated that Grendon’s BME prisoners experienced a lack of cultural sensitivity when engaging with the therapeutic process. Five main themes emerged: therapy and cultural values; relating to others; cultural competency; cultural understanding/awareness; and responses to experiences. Ways identified to improve this include increased staff awareness and providing increased opportunities for BME prisoners to share their experiences.
Rapid Multiclass Traffic Sign Detection in High-Resolution Images

This paper describes a traffic sign detection (TSD) framework that is capable of rapidly detecting multiclass traffic signs in high-resolution images while achieving a high detection rate. There are three key contributions. The first is the introduction of two features called multiblock normalization local binary pattern (MN-LBP) and tilted MN-LBP (TMN-LBP), which are able to express multiclass traffic signs effectively. The second is a tree structure called split-flow cascade, which utilizes common features of multiclass traffic signs to construct a coarse-to-fine TSD detector. The third contribution is the Common-Finder AdaBoost (CF.AdaBoost) algorithm, which is designed to find common features of different training sets to develop an efficient Split-Flow Cascade tree (SFC-tree) for multiclass TSD. Through experiments with an evaluation data set of high-resolution images, we show that the proposed framework is able to detect multiclass traffic signs with high detection accuracy in real time and that it outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches at detecting a large number of different types of traffic signs rapidly without using any color information.
Oviposition Site Selection by the Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti and Its Implications for Dengue Control

Background Because no dengue vaccine or antiviral therapy is commercially available, controlling the primary mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, is currently the only means to prevent dengue outbreaks. Traditional models of Ae. aegypti assume that population dynamics are regulated by density-dependent larval competition for food and little affected by oviposition behavior. Due to direct impacts on offspring survival and development, however, mosquito choice in oviposition site can have important consequences for population regulation that should be taken into account when designing vector control programs. Methodology/Principal Findings We examined oviposition patterns by Ae. aegypti among 591 naturally occurring containers and a set of experimental containers in Iquitos, Peru. Using larval starvation bioassays as an indirect measure of container food content, we assessed whether females select containers with the most food for their offspring. Our data indicate that choice of egg-laying site is influenced by conspecific larvae and pupae, container fill method, container size, lid, and sun exposure. Although larval food positively influenced oviposition, our results did not support the hypothesis that females act primarily to maximize food for larvae. Females were most strongly attracted to sites containing immature conspecifics, even when potential competitors for their progeny were present in abundance. Conclusion/Significance Due to strong conspecific attraction, egg-laying behavior may contribute more to regulating Ae. aegypti populations than previously thought. If highly infested containers are targeted for removal or larvicide application, females that would have preferentially oviposited in those sites may instead distribute their eggs among other suitable, previously unoccupied containers. Strategies that kill mosquitoes late in their development (i.e., insect growth regulators that kill pupae rather than larvae) will enhance vector control by creating “egg sinks,” treated sites that exploit conspecific attraction of ovipositing females, but reduce emergence of adult mosquitoes via density-dependent larval competition and late acting insecticide.
Coercivity Reduction in Nickel Ferrite (NiFe$_{2}$O $_{4}$) Thin Films Through Surface Patterning

NiFe2O4(NFO), a spinel ferrite with high electrical resistivity and favorable magnetic properties, is an interesting material for high-frequency signal and power electronic applications. Here, significant reduction in the coercivity of NFO films is obtained through surface patterning via nanoimprint lithography. Multilayered NFO films are grown on c-plane (0001) sapphire substrates using room temperature chemical solution deposition. Two film variants, layer-by-layer and bulk, are deposited. Prior to crystallization, films are patterned with a polydimethylsiloxane stamp. Good feature transfer to the thin-film surface is confirmed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Θ-2Θ X-ray diffraction shows that both variants produce single-phase inverse spinel NFO, with better texture in the layer-by-layer samples. Magnetic measurements show substantial reduction in coercivity in the patterned samples due to the surface anisotropy-enhanced demagnetization field. The bulk patterned sample showed the lowest coercivity, ~18 Oe in-plane, albeit with reduced saturation magnetization, whereas the layer-by-layer patterned film maintained the same degree of texture and saturation as unpatterned films, with a ~80% reduction in coercivity. These results show that nanoimprint lithography of chemical solution deposition films is a cost-effective pathway to engineering the coercivity of NFO films while retaining desirable saturation magnetization and texture.
Linking animal-borne video to accelerometers reveals prey capture variability

Understanding foraging is important in ecology, as it determines the energy gains and, ultimately, the fitness of animals. However, monitoring prey captures of individual animals is difficult. Direct observations using animal-borne videos have short recording periods, and indirect signals (e.g., stomach temperature) are never validated in the field. We took an integrated approach to monitor prey captures by a predator by deploying a video camera (lasting for 85 min) and two accelerometers (on the head and back, lasting for 50 h) on free-swimming Adélie penguins. The movies showed that penguins moved the heads rapidly to capture krill in midwater and fish (Pagothenia borchgrevinki) underneath the sea ice. Captures were remarkably fast (two krill per second in swarms) and efficient (244 krill or 33 P. borchgrevinki in 78–89 min). Prey captures were detected by the signal of head acceleration relative to body acceleration with high sensitivity and specificity (0.83–0.90), as shown by receiver-operating characteristic analysis. Extension of signal analysis to the entire behavioral records showed that krill captures were spatially and temporally more variable than P. borchgrevinki captures. Notably, the frequency distribution of krill capture rate closely followed a power-law model, indicating that the foraging success of penguins depends on a small number of very successful dives. The three steps illustrated here (i.e., video observations, linking video to behavioral signals, and extension of signal analysis) are unique approaches to understanding the spatial and temporal variability of ecologically important events such as foraging.
Simultaneous Unsupervised Learning of Disparate Clusterings

Most clustering algorithms produce a single clustering for a given dataset even when the data can be clustered naturally in multiple ways. In this paper, we address the difficult problem of uncovering disparate clusterings from the data in a totally unsupervised manner. We propose two new approaches for this problem. In the first approach, we aim to find good clusterings of the data that are also decorrelated with one another. To this end, we give a new and tractable characterization of decorrelation between clusterings, and present an objective function to capture it. We provide an iterative “decorrelated” k‐means type algorithm to minimize this objective function. In the second approach, we model the data as a sum of mixtures and associate each mixture with a clustering. This approach leads us to the problem of learning a convolution of mixture distributions. Though the latter problem can be formulated as one of factorial learning 8 , 13 , 16 , the existing formulations and methods do not perform well on many real high‐dimensional datasets. We propose a new regularized factorial‐learning framework that is more suitable for capturing the notion of disparate clusterings in modern, high‐dimensional datasets. Furthermore, we provide kernelized version of both of our algorithms. The resulting algorithms do well in uncovering multiple clusterings, and are much improved over existing methods. We evaluate our methods on two real‐world datasets—a music dataset from the text‐mining domain, and a portrait dataset from the computer‐vision domain. Our methods achieve a substantially higher accuracy than existing factorial learning as well as traditional clustering algorithms. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 1: 000‐000, 2008
Deductive Databases with Universally Quantified Conditions

This paper presents an extension to deductive databases, called quantified deductive databases, that incorporates universally quantified expressions (in coded form) in the body of rules. Since universally quantified expressions contain negations in their semantics, quantified deductive databases fall under the category of deductive databases with negation. Furthermore, depending on other factors such as recursion and negation in body of rules, quantified deductive databases may be classified as stratified or non-stratified deductive databases. Applications of quantified deductive databases in expressing relational queries as well as in the bottom-up computation of the (weak) well-founded model of general deductive databases are presented. It is conjectured that quantified deductive databases includes the class of modularly stratified deductive databases.
Bloodstream infections in febrile neutropenic patients at a tertiary cancer institute in South India: A timeline of clinical and microbial trends through the years

Abstract Introduction: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is an oncological emergency. The choice of empiric therapy depends on the locally prevalent pathogens and their sensitivities, the sites of infection, and cost. The Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines are being followed for the management of FN in India. Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care cancer centre from September 2012 to September 2014. Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To review the pattern of microbial flora, susceptibility pattern, and important clinical variables among bloodstream infections in febrile neutropenic patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies. (2) As per the institutional protocol to periodically review the antibiotic policy and susceptibility pattern, and compare the findings with an earlier study done in our institute in 2010. This was a prospective study conducted from September 2012 to September 2014. Results: About 379 episodes of FN were documented among 300 patients. About 887 blood cultures were drawn. Of these, 137 (15%) isolates were cultured. Isolates having identical antibiograms obtained from a single patient during the same hospitalization were considered as one. Hence, 128 isolates were analyzed. About 74 (58%) cultures yielded Gram-negative bacilli, 51 (40%) were positive for Gram-positive cocci, and 3 (2%) grew fungi. Among Gram-negative organisms, Escherichia coli followed by Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 78% of the isolates. Among Gram-positive cocci, Staphylococcus species accounted for 84% of the isolates. We have noted a changing trend in the antibiotic sensitivity pattern over the years. Following the switch in empirical antibiotics, based on the results of the study done in 2010 (when the empirical antibiotics were ceftazidime + amikacin), the sensitivity to cefoperazone-sulbactam has plunged from about 80% to 60%%. Similar reduction in susceptibility was noted for piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, and meropenem. On the contrary, there was a marked increase in sensitivity to ceftazidime (50–76%). Based on these results, we have reverted to ceftazidime + amikacin as the empirical antibiotics. Conclusion: Every institute must have a regular revision of antibiotic policy based on periodic assessment of the clinical and microbiological profile in FN. This will combat antibiotic resistance.
“I Play So I Am?” A Gender Study into Stereotype Perception and Genre Choice of Digital Game Players

Stereotypes in game culture are still inhibiting the freedom of female players. This survey study aims to gain insight into these practices by looking at gaming stereotypes on two different, yet interrelated, levels. First, we inquire into perceptions of gamers regarding gender-related and general gamer stereotypes and how these relate to playing frequency. Second, genre choice is investigated in light of player’s gender and how this is associated with play motivations. Results suggest that high frequency female players disagree the most with gender-related stereotypical beliefs and that these women are more strongly drawn towards specific gaming genres than men.
Saliency-guided object proposal for refined salient region detection

Automatic detection of visually salient regions across images is useful in many applications. Traditional methods predict saliency values of pixels in a bottom-up fashion and use low-level features. Recent researches demonstrate that high-level information are also important for salient region detection. In this paper, we propose a novel approach of integrating object-level information and bottom-up saliency model. By using saliency-guided object proposals, we implicitly remove the noisy salient regions and produce a refined saliency map. We experimentally show that our approach boosted the performance of bottom-up saliency models and performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods.