Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Division of labour in the honeybee community

Newly emerged bees in a colony were individually marked, and their foraging activities were studied by subsequent observations at the hive entrance. A few individuals gathered pollen throughout their foraging lives; a considerable number gathered none at all. Most of the bees gathered pollen at some time, but there was great diversity in the part of the foraging life at which this occurred. There was considerable variation in the age at which different bees, emerging on the same day and living in the same colony, commenced foraging; this age ranged from 9 to 35 days. This variation was produced not only by altering the duration of the various hive duties, but also by omitting some of these duties. Such variation indicates that the division of labour is not determined by the age of the available workers. It is controlled, instead, by the requirements of the colony. The ages of the bees in the colony play a subsidiary role, in that the duties of any individual are the resultant of the requirements of the colony and age of that individual. The requirements of the colony are determined by its food supply, and they are appreciated by the individual as a consequence of widespread food transmission. Food transmission is therefore the most primitive and the most important method of communication in the honeybee colony. The duration of foraging life was significantly shorter in those bees which commenced foraging at a later age. This result indicates that senility played a part in determining the longevity of these bees.
Corporate reputation in the age of data nudity

Purpose – The article discusses the ramifications for corporate reputation of the current concerns about consumer data privacy in order to identify potential risks and benefits for corporations in their relations with consumers and other stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach – The article discusses the ramifications for corporate reputation of the current concerns about consumer data privacy in order to identify potential risks and benefits for corporations in their relations with consumers and other stakeholders. Findings – This review suggests that there are indeed significant concerns for corporations about how consumers feel about corporate use of personal and, in particular, behavioral data. However, there are steps that corporations can take to demonstrate their commitment to data privacy that can mitigate potential reputational damage and even strengthen their image with consumers and other stakeholders. Originality/value – Data privacy as a reputation asset has been little discussed in the lit.
The Factor Specificity and the Exchange Rate Theory of Purchasing Power Parity: An Extension of the Jones-Purvis Model

The focus of this paper is on the structural aspects of exchange rate determi - nation, generalizing the 1983 Jones-Purvis model. Specifically the Jones-Purvis model is extend to incorporate the concept of factor specificity. It is shown that deviations from purchasing power parity depend on, among other determi - nants, factor specificity. Furt h e rm o re, it examines the factor specificity as a short-medium run determinant of the behavior of exchange rates, in a frame - work where two countries are affected by a common external shock.
ISAR Imaging of a Ship Target Based on Parameter Estimation of Multicomponent Quadratic Frequency-Modulated Signals

High-resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of a ship target is a challenging task because of fluctuation with the ocean waves. The images obtained with a standard range-Doppler algorithm are usually blurred. Consequently, the range-instantaneous-Doppler (RID) technique should be used to improve the image quality. In this paper, the received signal in a range cell is modeled as a multicomponent quadratic frequency-modulated (QFM) signal after range compression and motion compensation, and then a new RID ISAR imaging algorithm is proposed that introduces a new method for estimating parameters of the QFM signal. By defining a new function and using the scaled Fourier transform (SCFT) with respect to the time axis, the coherent integration of auto-terms can be realized via the subsequent Fourier transformation with respect to the lag-time axis, and a peak can be obtained in the 2-D frequency plane, which is appropriate for parameter estimation of the QFM signal to reconstruct RID images. The proposed algorithm is accurate and fast since the defined function has moderate order nonlinearity and the SCFT can be performed via chirp z-transform. Experiments demonstrate the performance of the new algorithm. Comparisons with existing algorithms are also given, which show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently produce a focused image with less fake scatterers.
Policy Evaluation in Equilibrium The Case of Job Searcg Counseling in France

We develop a partial equilibrium stochastic job matching model of the labor market to examine whetherthe counseling of unemployment workers displaces unemployed workers not offered the counseling. Inthis model, the improvement of the reservation utility of counseled job seekers induces them to refusejob offers that they would have accepted if they were not counseled. This behavior, which exerts anegative spillover on job creation, reduces the arrival rate of job offers to the unemployed workers whodo not benefit from counseling. The model is estimated on data concerning intensive counselingschemes that are provided to about 12.5 percent of the unemployed workers since the 2001 Frenchunemployment policy reform (PARE). We find significant favourable effects of counselling on the exitrate out of unemployment of counseled workers. We also find that counselling reduces the exit ratefrom unemployment of workers not offered the counseling. This effect is sufficiently large to imply thatcounseling reduces the average exit rate from unemployment of counseled and non counseled workerswhen a small share of unemployed workers are counseled. This result puts to the fore that evaluationsrelying only on comparisons of differences in outcomes between a treatment group and a control groupcan lead to misleading conclusions even when a small share of the population is treated.
A note on the estimation of the PD-GEV models

This note provides a formula to compute the value of the mean utilities as a function of market shares in Bresnahan et al.'s (1997) production differentiation models (PD-GEV) (1997). Such a formula avoids the time consuming contraction mapping procedure suggested by Berry et al. (1995).
Measurement Error in Recall Surveys and the Relationship between Household Size and Food Demand

Variation in household survey design and implementation is used to obtain evidence of nonrandom measurement error in recall surveys of household expenditure. These surveys, which are used especially in developing countries, appear to have measurement errors in food expenditures and in food budget shares that are correlated with household size. These correlated errors may be part of the explanation for a puzzling pattern of falling food demand with rising household size in poorer countries.
Monte Carlo Simulations and Capital Structure Research

The evolution of the debt ratio under alternative types of managerial behavior can generate non-standard leverage processes. This creates problems for statistical inference in empirical capital structure research. We argue in this paper that when the data generating process is not standard, a useful way to evaluate the appropriateness of inferences and the empirical methodology is via Monte Carlo simulations that mimic the data generating process under alternative assumptions about managerial behavior. We illustrate with several examples.
Precision Determination of the Small-x Gluon from Charm Production at LHCb.

The small-x gluon in global fits of parton distributions is affected by large uncertainties from the lack of direct experimental constraints. In this Letter, we provide a precision determination of the small-x gluon from the exploitation of forward charm production data provided by LHCb for three different center-of-mass (c.m.) energies: 5 TeV, 7 TeV, and 13 TeV. The LHCb measurements are included in the parton distribution function (PDF) fit by means of normalized distributions and cross-section ratios between data taken at different c.m. values, R_{13/7} and R_{13/5}. We demonstrate that forward charm production leads to a reduction of the PDF uncertainties of the gluon down to x≃10^{-6} by up to an order of magnitude, with implications for high-energy colliders, cosmic ray physics, and neutrino astronomy.
Why D-CAPM is a Big Mistake? The Incorrectness of the Cosemivariance Statistics

The concept of downside risk is logically approved and plausible for investment evaluation, especially in the absence of normality of underlying distribution of returns. Markowitz (1959) suggested the semivariance and semideviation as proper measures for portfolio selection. The DCAPM is a modification of CAPM model considered superior when the underlying distribution of returns is asymmetric. However the DCAPM framework suggested by Hogan and Warren (1974), Bawa and Lindenberg (1977), Harlow and Rao (1989) and later “improved” and popularized by Javier Estrada is inconsistent with the diversification purposes and with the portfolio theory. Though the semivariance measures are quite useful and correct, the formula for calculating the cosemivariance (downside correlation) is a wrong statistic that cannot represent real dependencies between the two assets. This measure ignores the ability of upside returns of one asset to hedge the downside returns of another asset in a portfolio. The simulation shows that if the assets are perfectly positively correlated the DCAPM’s estimation percentage error is zero, and if the assets are perfectly negatively correlated the DCAPM’s estimation percentage error is infinity. If the assets have zero correlation, the percentage error is quite significant (under data used in simulation the % error may reach 15% in the simulation under appropriate weights). The magnitude of the estimation error varies both with correlation between data, weights of the assets and the data themselve. So the algorithm cannot provide reliable estimates. As a consequence the downside beta is a misleading measure, useless for portfolio diversification purposes and for determining the semivariance of the portfolio.
APOA 5 genotype modulates 2-y changes in lipid profile in response to weight-loss diet intervention : the Pounds Lost Trial 1 – 3

Background: The apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) is a major gene that regulates lipid metabolism and is modulated by dietary factors. A novel variant rs964184 in APOA5 was identified to be associated with lipids in genome-wide association studies. Objective: We examined whether this variant modified changes in lipid concentrations in response to a 2-y weight-loss diet intervention in a randomized trial. Design: The current analyses were secondary analyses of a data set from the Pounds Lost Trial. We genotyped APOA5 rs964184 in 734 overweight or obese adults who were randomly assigned to one of 4 diets that differed in percentages of energy derived from fat, protein, and carbohydrate for 2 y. We evaluated changes in fasting serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride from baseline to 2 y of follow-up. Results: After a 2-y dietary intervention, we showed significant interactions between the APOA5 rs964184 polymorphism and dietary fat intake (low compared with high) in the determination of changes in TC, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol (P-interaction = 0.007, 0.017, and 0.006, respectively). In the low-fat intake group (20% of energy derived from fat), carriers of the risk allele (G allele) exhibited greater reductions in TC and LDL cholesterol than did noncarriers (P = 0.036 and 0.039, respectively), whereas in the high-fat diet group (40% of energy derived from fat), participants with the G allele had a greater increase in HDL cholesterol than did participants without this allele (P = 0.038). Conclusion: Our data showed better improvement in lipid profiles from long-term low-fat diet intake in the APOA5 rs964184 risk allele. The Pounds Lost Trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00072995. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:917–22.
Towards Next-Generation Lip-Reading Driven Hearing-Aids : A preliminary Prototype Demo

Speech enhancement aims to enhance the perceived speech quality and intelligibility in the presence of noise. Classical speech enhancement methods are mainly based on audio only processing which often perform poorly in adverse conditions, where overwhelming noise is present. This paper presents an interactive prototype demo, as part of a disruptive cognitivelyinspired multimodal hearing-aid being researched and developed at Stirling, as part of an EPSRC funded project (COGAVHEAR). The proposed technology contextually utilizes and integrates multimodal cues such as lip-reading, facial expressions, gestures, and noisy audio, to further enhance the quality and intelligibility of the noise-filtered speech signal. However, the preliminary work presented in this paper has used only lip-reading and noisy audio. Lip-reading driven deep learning algorithms are exploited to learn noisy audio-visual to clean audio mappings, leading to enhanced Weiner filtering for more effective noise cancellation. The term context-aware signifies the device’s learning and adaptable capabilities, which could be exploited in a wide-range of real-world applications, ranging from hearing-aids, listening devices, cochlear implants and telecommunications, to need for ear defenders in extreme noisy environments. Hearing-impaired users could experience more intelligible speech by contextually learning and switching between audio and visual cues. The preliminary interactive Demo employs randomly selected, real noisy speech videos from YouTube to qualitatively benchmark the performance of the proposed contextual audio-visual approach against a stateof-the-art deep learning based audio-only speech enhancement method.
Automatic Generation of Text Descriptive Comments for Code Blocks

We propose a framework to automatically generate descriptive comments for source code blocks. While this problem has been studied by many researchers previously, their methods are mostly based on fixed template and achieves poor results. Our framework does not rely on any template, but makes use of a new recursive neural network called CodeRNN to extract features from the source code and embed them into one vector. When this vector representation is input to a new recurrent neural network (Code-GRU), the overall framework generates text descriptions of the code with accuracy (Rouge-2 value) significantly higher than other learning-based approaches such as sequence-to-sequence model. The Code-RNN model can also be used in other scenario where the representation of code is required.
An Agrobacterium‐transformed cell culture from the monocot Asparagus officinalis

Cultured stem fragments from the monocotyledonous plant Asparagus officinalis infected by the oncogenic bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens developed tumorous proliferations. This tissue was propagated in vitro on hormone‐free culture medium. The T‐DNA‐encoded markers nopaline and agrocinopine were unambiguously detected in these tissues. The data demonstrate that stable T‐DNA transfer as well as expression of T‐DNA genes is possible in at least some monocotyledonous plants. This opens new possibilities for plant genetic engineering using the Ti plasmid as a gene vector.
ON THE CHOICE OF REALTOR

The paper presents a multivariate analysis of single-family-home sales data to investigate differences in performance among real estate firms. The decision considered is which firm should be chosen by a homeowner selling through an agent. Factor analysis of property features was used to obtain orthogonal dimensions. This permitted analysis of the influence of other variables with only limited multicollinearity. Broker effects on listing and selling price were studied through regression analysis with dummy variables and slope shifters on the factors and through analysis of variance on the regression residuals after removal of house characteristics. A number of performance differences of consequence for the choice of selling agent were observed. Some of the reasons for these differences are discussed.
Competitive Strategy Orientation in Egypt and Peru

There is a dearth of empirical studies that examine the link between competitive strategy and organizational performance in developing nations. This paper addresses this gap by assessing the strategy-performance nexus in two disparate emerging economies, Egypt and Peru. Findings support the cost leadership, differentiation, and focus conceptualizations of business strategy in both nations, but no single "best strategy" can be generalized. Focus businesses in Peru appeared to grow at a faster pace than businesses without a niche orientation, but a similar relationship was not found in Egypt. Avenues for future research are discussed, including the need for replications in other African and Latin American nations.
Data envelopment Analysis with Missing Data: a Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Approach

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) assumes that the data set is precise when performing efficiency evaluation of peer decision making units (DMUs). The current paper proposes a multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) approach to estimate missing values if some of the entries in the data set are missing. Its algorithm to derive the estimations is also proposed. In order to verify the credibility of the proposed approach, an example of 30 US commercial banks is applied to case analysis. Using the proposed algorithm, the efficiencies of all DMUs are obtained. A Friedman test and a Kendall's Tau rank correlation analysis statistically examine the results. Moreover, the efficiency interval and efficiency distribution for a DMU are obtained considering random errors of the estimations. After that, an example of public secondary schools serves to illustrate the applications in the end.
Toward a Resource-Based Theory of Bargaining Power in International Joint Ventures

Political, cultural, industrial, and firm-specific factors comine to make the bargaining relationship between international joint ventures partners a particularly complex one. This study focuses on one aspect of the problem: the relationship between the resources that a partner contributes and the bargaining power that it achieves in the venture. It traces ideas of bargaining power in the literature, to elicit what types of resource are likely to lead to dominance, the identifies several resources generally thought to be important contributions to a joint venture. The resources are ranked according to criteria of tacitness and appropriability, then displayed in matrix form to illustrate the expected outcome of bargaining in two-party international joint ventures.
Probabilistic movement primitives under unknown system dynamics

Physical interaction requires robots to accurately follow kinematic trajectories while modulating the interaction forces to accomplish tasks and to be safe to the environment. However, current approaches rely on accurate physical models or iterative learning approaches. We present a versatile approach for physical interaction tasks, based on Movement Primitives (MPs) that can learn physical interaction tasks solely by demonstrations, without explicitly modeling the robot or the environment. We base our approach on the Probabilistic Movement Primitives (ProMPs), which utilizes the variance of the demonstrations to provide better generalization of the encoded skill, combine skills, and derive a controller that follows exactly the encoded trajectory distribution. However, the ProMP controller requires the system dynamics to be known. We present a reformulation of the ProMPs that allows accurate reproduction of the skill without modeling the system dynamics and, further, we extent our approach to incorporate external sensors, as for example, force/torque sensors. Our approach learns physical interaction tasks solely from demonstrations and online adapts the movement to force–torque sensor input. We derive a variable-stiffness controller in closed form that reproduces the trajectory distribution and the interaction forces present in the demonstrations. We evaluate our approach in simulated and real-robot tasks.
The Effects of Oil Price Shocks on Job Reallocation

We investigate the effect of oil price innovations on U.S. manufacturing job flows using a simultaneous equation model that nests symmetric and asymmetric responses. We find no evidence of asymmetry in the response of job flows to positive and negative oil price innovations. We then inquire whether firms, when facing positive shocks, shed jobs faster than they create jobs. We show that positive innovations lead to a decline in net employment and an increase in job reallocation, possibly due to search and matching issues. Yet, the latter effect becomes statistically insignificant when we control for data mining. We demonstrate that the cumulative one-year effect of oil price shocks on job creation and destruction was smaller during the Great Moderation, but it was larger for gross job reallocation. These variations were caused by a change in the transmission channel and not by smaller oil price shocks.
Bulk-synchronous parallel simultaneous BVH traversal for collision detection on GPUs

Simultaneous BVH traversal, as a dynamic task of pair-wise proximity tests, poses several challenges in terms of parallelization using GPUs. It is a highly dynamic and data-dependent problem which can induce control-flow divergence and inefficient data-access patterns. We present a simple solution using the bulk-synchronous parallel model to ensure a uniform mode of execution, and balanced workloads across GPU threads. The method is easy to implement, fast and operates entirely on the GPU by relying on a topology-centred work expansion scheme to ensure large concurrent workloads. We demonstrate speedups of upto 7.1x over the widely used "streams" model for GPU based parallel collision detection.