Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subband Engineering for p-type Silicon Ultra-Thin Layers for Increased Carrier Velocities: An Atomistic Analysis

Ultra-thin-body (UTB) channel materials of a few nanometers in thickness are currently considered as candidates for future electronic, thermoelectric, and optoelectronic applications. Among the features that they possess, which make them attractive for such applications, their confinement length scale, transport direction, and confining surface orientation serve as degrees of freedom for engineering their electronic properties. This work presents a comprehensive study of hole velocities in p-type UTB films of widths from 15 nm down to 3 nm. Various transport and surface orientations are considered. The atomistic sp 3 d 5 s*-spin-orbit-coupled tight-binding model is used for the electronic structure, and a semiclassical ballistic model for the carrier velocity calculation. We find that the carrier velocity is a strong function of orientation and layer thickness. The (110) and (112) surfaces provide the highest hole velocities, whereas the (100) surfaces the lowest velocities, almost 30% lower than the best performers. Additionally, up to 35% velocity enhancements can be achieved as the thickness of the (110) or (112) surface channels is scaled down to 3 nm. This originates from strong increase in the curvature of the p-type UTB film subbands with confinement, unlike the case of n-type UTB channels. The velocity behavior directly translates to ballistic on-current trends, and correlates with trends in experimental mobility measurements. V C 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3556435]
Evaluating the Performances of Adaptive Kalman Filter Methods in GPS/INS Integration

One of the most important tasks in integration of GPS/INS is to choose the realistic dynamic model covariance matrix Q and measurement noise covariance matrix R for use in the Kalman filter. The performance of the methods to estimate both of these matrices depends entirely on the minimization of dynamic and measurement update errors that lead the filter to converge. This paper evaluates the performances of adaptive Kalman filter methods with different adaptations. Innovation and residual based adaptive Kalman filters were employed for adapting R and Q. These methods were implemented in a loose GPS/INS integration system and tested using real data sets. Their performances have been evaluated and compared. Their limitations in real-life engineering applications are discussed.
The high-density lipoprotein-adjusted SCORE model worsens SCORE-based risk classification in a contemporary population of 30 824 Europeans: the Copenhagen General Population Study

Aims Recent European guidelines recommend to include high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in risk assessment for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), using a SCORE-based risk model (SCORE-HDL). We compared the predictive performance of SCORE-HDL with SCORE in an independent, contemporary, ‘low-risk’ European population, focusing on ability to identify those in need of intensified CVD prevention. Methods and results Between 2003 and 2008, 46 092 individuals without CVD, diabetes, or statin use were enrolled in the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS). During a mean of 6.8 years of follow-up, 339 individuals died of CVD. In the SCORE target population (age 40–65; n = 30 824), fewer individuals were at baseline categorized as high risk (≥5% 10-year risk of fatal CVD) using SCORE-HDL compared with SCORE (10 vs. 17% in men, 1 vs. 3% in women). SCORE-HDL did not improve discrimination of future fatal CVD, compared with SCORE, but decreased the detection rate (sensitivity) of the 5% high-risk threshold from 42 to 26%, yielding a negative net reclassification index (NRI) of −12%. Importantly, using SCORE-HDL, the sensitivity was zero among women. Both SCORE and SCORE-HDL overestimated risk of fatal CVD. In well-calibrated models developed from the CGPS, HDL did not improve discrimination or NRI. Lowering the decision threshold from 5 to 1% led to progressive gain in NRI for both CVD mortality and morbidity. Conclusion SCORE-HDL did not improve discrimination compared with SCORE, but deteriorated risk classification based on NRI. Future guidelines should consider lower decision thresholds and prioritize CVD morbidity and people above age 65.
Multidimensional image enhancement from a set of unregistered and differently exposed images

If multiple images of a scene are available instead of a single image, we can use the additional information conveyed by the set of images to generate a higher quality image. This can be done along multiple dimensions. Super-resolution algorithms use a set of shifted and rotated low resolution images to create a high resolution image. High dynamic range imaging techniques combine images with different exposure times to generate an image with a higher dynamic range. In this paper, we present a novel method to combine both techniques and construct a high resolution, high dynamic range image from a set of shifted images with varying exposure times. We first estimate the camera response function, and convert each of the input images to an exposure invariant space. Next, we estimate the motion between the input images. Finally, we reconstruct a high resolution, high dynamic range image using an interpolation from the non-uniformly sampled pixels. Applications of such an approach can be found in various domains, such as surveillance cameras, consumer digital cameras, etc.
Angiogenesis is an independent prognostic factor in malignant mesothelioma

Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth beyond 1 to 2 mm in diameter. The clinical relevance of angiogenesis, as assessed by microvessel density (MVD), is unclear in malignant mesothelioma (MM). Immunohistochemistry was performed on 104 archival, paraffin-embedded, surgically resected MM samples with an anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody, using the Streptavidin–biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique. 93 cases were suitable for microvessel quantification. MVD was obtained from 3 intratumoural hotspots, using a Chalkley eyepiece graticule at × 250 power. MVD was correlated with survival by Kaplan–Meier and log-rank analysis. A stepwise, multivariate Cox model was used to compare MVD with known prognostic factors and the EORTC and CALGB prognostic scoring systems. Overall median survival from the date of diagnosis was 5.0 months. Increasing MVD was a poor prognostic factor in univariate analysis (P = 0.02). Independent indicators of poor prognosis in multivariate analysis were non-epithelial cell type (P = 0.002), performance status > 0 (P = 0.003) and increasing MVD (P = 0.01). In multivariate Cox analysis, MVD contributed independently to the EORTC (P = 0.006), but not to the CALGB (P = 0.1), prognostic groups. Angiogenesis, as assessed by MVD, is a poor prognostic factor in MM, independent of other clinicopathological variables and the EORTC prognostic scoring system. Further work is required to assess the prognostic importance of angiogenic regulatory factors in this disease. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer. com
Automatic construction of Chinese stop word list

In modern information retrieval systems, effective indexing can be achieved by removal of stop words. Till now many stop word lists have been developed for English language. However, no standard stop word list has been constructed for Chinese language yet. With the fast development of information retrieval in Chinese language, exploring Chinese stop word lists becomes critical. In this paper, to save the time and release the burden of manual stop word selection, we propose an automatic aggregated methodology based on statistical and information models for extraction of a stop word list in Chinese language. Result analysis shows that our stop list is comparable with a general English stop word list, and our list is much more general than other Chinese stop lists as well. Our stop word extraction algorithm is a promising technique, which saves the time for manual generation and constructs a standard. It could be applied into other languages in the future.
Proof as Composition: An approach for the Large-granularity Web Services Composition

The large-granularity Web services are a new form of Web services. In contrast to the traditional Web services, they often have more interfaces, encapsulate more complex business logics, and provide more functions etc. However, the existing Web services composition approach cannot be fit for the kind of Web service. In order to solve the problem, we propose the notation of the inverted interface dependency and extend it to OWL-S firstly. A large-granularity Web service is regarded as a group of the inverted interface dependency. Then we propose an automatic composition approach based on the idea of proofs as programs. The main idea of the method is as follows. Specification of composition requirement is described as a proposition which can be proved by related theory. The proof can be viewed as a solution of composition specification. By the case study, the availability of the approach is approved. At last, we develop a prototype JTangComposition to implement our approach.
Truview EVO2 and Standard Macintosh Laryngoscope for Tracheal Intubation During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the performance of the Truview EVO2 laryngoscope in manikin-simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and no-CPR scenarios with standard intubation technique.Participants performed 4 scenarios in random order: endotracheal intubation (ETI) using Macintosh laryngoscope (MCL), Truview EVO2 laryngoscope in no-CPR patient scenario, and intubation during uninterrupted chest compressions using both laryngoscopes. The participants were directed to make 3 attempts in each scenario. Primary outcomes were time to tracheal intubation (TTI) and intubation success, whereas secondary outcomes were cumulative success ratio and the number of esophageal intubation (EI). TTI and success ratios were reported per attempt.Thirty paramedics completed the study. Median TTI with Truview EVO2 with CPR was 36 (interquartile range [IQR] 29.00–52.00), 22.5 (IQR 18.33–35.00), and 18 (IQR 11.00–23.00) seconds; MCL with CPR was 23 (IQR 18.92–36.90), 16.8 (IQR 14.00–22.31), and 14.5 (IQR 11.12–16.36) seconds; Truview EVO2 without CPR was 28.6 (IQR 24.02–38.34), 21.7 (IQR 17.00–25.00), and 13 (IQR 11.90–17.79) seconds; MCL without CPR was 17 (IQR 13.23–22.29), 13 (IQR 12.09–15.26), and 12.4 (IQR 10.08–19.84) seconds for first, second, and third attempts, respectively. The P values for differences in TTI between Truview EVO2 and MCL were P < 0.0001, P = 0.0540, and P = 0.7550 in CPR scenario and P = 0.0080, P = 0.1570, and P = 0.7652 in no-CPR scenario for first, second, and third attempts, respectively. The success ratios for each of the scenarios were as follows: in CPR scenario it was 0.73 versus 0.53 (P = 0.0558), 0.83 versus 0.76 (P = 0.2633), and 1 versus 0.8 (P = 0.0058); in no-CPR scenario it was 0.63 versus 0.73 (P = 0.2068), 0.86 versus 0.86, and 0.97 versus 1 (P = 0.1637) for Truview EVO2 vs MCL in first, second, and third attempts, respectively.The cumulative success ratio related to the time of ETI was better for MCL compared with Truview EVO2 laryngoscope in both scenarios (P = 0.0029 and P = 0.0004 in no-CPR and CPR scenarios). The number of EI with MCL was 30% versus 13.3% (P = 0.0113), and for Truview EVO2 it was 20.45% versus 15.56% in CPR and no-CPR scenarios, respectively.The application of Truview EVO2 during uninterrupted chest compressions increased TTI but increased the success ratio of ETI and decreased number of EIs.
Constraints on Non-Standard Gravitomagnetism by the Anomalous Perihelion Precession of the Planets

In 2008, a team of astronomers reported an anomalous retrograde precession of the perihelion of Saturn amounting to _ ! SATURN = 0:006(2) arcsec per century (arcsec cy 1 ). This unexplained precession was obtained after taking into account all classical and relativistic effects in the context of the highly refined EPM2008 ephemerides. More recent analyzes have not confirmed this effect, but they have found similar discrepancies in other planets. Our objective in this paper is to discuss a non-standard model involving transversal gravitomagnetism generated by the Sun as a possible source of these potential anomalies, to be confirmed by further data analyses. In order to compute the Lense-Thirring perturbations induced by the suggested interaction, we should consider the orientation of the Sun's rotational axis in Carrington elements and the inclination of the planetary orbits with respect to the ecliptic plane. We find that an extra component of the gravitomagnetic field not predicted by General Relativity could explain the reported anomalies without conflicting with the Gravity Probe B experiment and the orbits of the geodynamics satellites.
Narratives in Collaborative Information Seeking

In the recent few years, there is a burgeoning interest surrounding the research area of Collaborative Information Seeking (CIS). Researchers have argued that CIS goes beyond simple “question and answers” sessions between two (or, more) people. Despite an increasing number of conceptual as well as technical studies related to CIS, few fundamental questions still remain unanswered - if CIS is not just about “Question & Answers”, what does it exactly constitute? What are the underlying mechanisms and practices that underscore CIS– related activities? We propose that one way to answer these questions is to conceptualize CIS as being constituted through “narratives”. In this position paper, we elaborate upon the notion of “narratives”, and talk about how such a conceptualization could be of potential help to resolve some of the unanswered puzzles concerning CIS.
Closing the Gap in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Youth Suicide: A Social–Emotional Wellbeing Service Innovation Project

Objective The suicide rate for Queensland's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people is over four times that of their non‐Indigenous counterparts, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children (under 15) dying by suicide at 12 times the non‐Indigenous rate. There is a need for interventions that are culturally validated and community‐endorsed. The aim of this article is to describe the design and implementation of a group‐based intervention, as well to report the results of the various qualitative and quantitative measures. Method Sixty‐one Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander persons aged 11–21 years completed a social–emotional wellbeing (SEWB) program at headspace Inala. Data were available through to 2‐month follow‐up for 49 participants. The program was designed and delivered in collaboration with the local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community. Results There was a statistically significant decrease in suicidal ideation experienced by the participants after completing the program. Qualitative measures indicated that participants experienced improved understanding of holistic health and an increased number of coping skills. Conclusions Not only was this the first evaluated intervention in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth to ever report a decrease in individual suicidality, the program was carefully designed and implemented in consultation with community in a culturally sensitive manner and thus provides an invaluable framework for future SEWB work.
Uncovering the genomic heterogeneity of multifocal breast cancer

Multifocal breast cancer (MFBC), defined as multiple synchronous unilateral lesions of invasive breast cancer, is relatively frequent and has been associated with more aggressive features than unifocal cancer. Here, we aimed to investigate the genomic heterogeneity between MFBC lesions sharing similar histopathological parameters. Characterization of different lesions from 36 patients with ductal MFBC involved the identification of non‐silent coding mutations in 360 protein‐coding genes (171 tumour and 36 matched normal samples). We selected only patients with lesions presenting the same grade, ER, and HER2 status. Mutations were classified as ‘oncogenic’ in the case of recurrent substitutions reported in COSMIC or truncating mutations affecting tumour suppressor genes. All mutations identified in a given patient were further interrogated in all samples from that patient through deep resequencing using an orthogonal platform. Whole‐genome rearrangement screen was further conducted in 8/36 patients. Twenty‐four patients (67%) had substitutions/indels shared by all their lesions, of which 11 carried the same mutations in all lesions, and 13 had lesions with both common and private mutations. Three‐quarters of those 24 patients shared oncogenic variants. The remaining 12 patients (33%) did not share any substitution/indels, with inter‐lesion heterogeneity observed for oncogenic mutation(s) in genes such as PIK3CA, TP53, GATA3, and PTEN. Genomically heterogeneous lesions tended to be further apart in the mammary gland than homogeneous lesions. Genome‐wide analyses of a limited number of patients identified a common somatic background in all studied MFBCs, including those with no mutation in common between the lesions. To conclude, as the number of molecular targeted therapies increases and trials driven by genomic screening are ongoing, our findings highlight the presence of genomic inter‐lesion heterogeneity in one‐third, despite similar pathological features. This implies that deeper molecular characterization of all MFBC lesions is warranted for the adequate management of those cancers. © 2015 The Authors. Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Variational Multiscale Analysis: the Fine-scale Green's Function, Projection, Optimization, Localization, and Stabilized Methods

We derive an explicit formula for the fine-scale Green’s function arising in variational multiscale analysis. The formula is expressed in terms of the classical Green’s function and a projector which defines the decomposition of the solution into coarse and fine scales. The theory is presented in an abstract operator format and subsequently specialized for the advection-diffusion equation. It is shown that different projectors lead to fine-scale Green’s functions with very different properties. For example, in the advection-dominated case, the projector induced by the $H^1_0$-seminorm produces a fine-scale Green’s function which is highly attenuated and localized. These are very desirable properties in a multiscale method and ones that are not shared by the $L^2$-projector. By design, the coarse-scale solution attains optimality in the norm associated with the projector. This property, combined with a localized fine-scale Green’s function, indicates the possibility of effective methods with local character for dominantly hyperbolic problems. The constructs lead to a new class of stabilized methods, and the relationship between $H^1_0$-optimality and the streamline-upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) method is described.
Unhealthy Conditions? A Longitudinal Analysis of the Health of Children in One- and Two-parent Households

Familien schaffen Gesundheit, aber der Wandel familiarer Strukturen wird fur viele negative gesundheitliche Veranderungen in der Bevolkerung verantwortlich gemacht. Wie entwickelt sich die Gesundheit von jungeren Kindern heute in Deutschland, wenn Eltern zusammen oder getrennt leben? Anhand der Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels konnen wir zeigen, dass Kinder in traditionellen Ehen nicht generell gesunder sind als Kinder in anderen Familien. So ist das Risiko, dass Kinder an einer gesundheitlichen Storung leiden, bei getrenntlebenden Muttern sogar signifikant niedriger als bei Kindern verheirateter Mutter. Trotzdem haben Kinder verheirateter Mutter ein hoheres Geburtsgewicht und einen weniger von der Norm abweichenden Body-Mass-Index (BMI) als Kinder geschiedener Mutter. Im Langsschnitt und unter Kontrolle moglicher Selektionseffekte lasst sich die negative gesundheitliche Wirkung einer Trennung und Scheidung der Eltern nachweisen. Vor allem die mentale und intellektuelle Verfassung der Mutter, nicht aber ihre materielle Situation, kann helfen, die negativen gesundheitlichen Folgen einer Trennung abzufedern. Vor dem Hintergrund der steigenden Zahlen alleinerziehender Mutter wird die aktuelle und zukunftige Bedeutung der Befunde diskutiert.
Distributed Parameter Map-Reduce

This paper describes how to convert a machine learning problem into a series of map-reduce tasks. We study logistic regression algorithm. In logistic regression algorithm, it is assumed that samples are independent and each sample is assigned a probability. Parameters are obtained by maxmizing the product of all sample probabilities. Rapid expansion of training samples brings challenges to machine learning method. Training samples are so many that they can be only stored in distributed file system and driven by map-reduce style programs. The main step of logistic regression is inference. According to map-reduce spirit, each sample makes inference through a separate map procedure. But the premise of inference is that the map procedure holds parameters for all features in the sample. In this paper, we propose Distributed Parameter Map-Reduce, in which not only samples, but also parameters are distributed in nodes of distributed filesystem. Through a series of map-reduce tasks, we assign each sample parameters for its features, make inference for the sample and update paramters of the model. The above processes are excuted looply until convergence. We test the proposed algorithm in actual hadoop production environment. Experiments show that the acceleration of the algorithm is in linear relationship with the number of cluster nodes.
Detection of High-Risk Atherosclerotic Plaques with Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor on Activated Platelets

Objective: Ultrasound molecular imaging (UMI) of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor on activated platelets offers a unique means of identifying high-risk atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that contrast-enhanced ultrasound with microbubbles (MBs) targeted to GP IIb/IIIa could be used to detect and quantify activated platelets on the surface of advanced plaques. Methods and Results: A mouse model of advanced atherosclerosis was generated by maintaining apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice on a hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD). The three other experimental groups consisted of ApoE-/- and wild-type (C57BL/6) mice fed a normal chow diet and C57BL/6 mice on an HCD diet. Plaque formation was confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical methods using light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. Mice were injected with a lipid MB-conjugated cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp peptide or nonspecific control peptide, and the abdominal aorta was examined by UMI. The accumulation of GP IIb/IIIa and activated platelets on the surface of atherosclerotic plaques was highest in the ApoE-/-+HCD group, followed by ApoE-/-+chow, C57BL/6+HCD, and C57BL/6+chow groups (P<0.05). Notably, GP IIb/IIIa expression was associated with the vulnerability index and necrotic center/fiber cap ratio (P<0.05), and contrast video intensity from adhered cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp-modified MBs (MB-cRGDs) was correlated with GP IIb/IIIa expression on the plaque surface (P<0.05). Conclusion: GP IIb/IIIa of activated platelets on the atherosclerotic endothelium is a biomarker for high-risk plaques that can be quantified by UMI using MB-cRGDs, providing a noninvasive means for detecting high-risk plaques and preventing acute cardiovascular events.