Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atividades físicas e esportivas na adolescência: mudanças de preferências ao longo das últimas décadas

A pratica de atividades fisicas na adolescencia aparece como um dos determinantes de um estilo de vida ativo na idade adulta. Sendo assim, parece apropriada a preocupacao sobre quais atividades fisicas e esportivas tem despertado o interesse da populacao jovem. O objetivo do presente estudo e analisar as preferencias por atividades fisicas e esportivas durante a adolescencia ao longo das ultimas decadas. Um estudo transversal, de base populacional foi conduzido em Pelotas - RS. Os individuos da amostra (N = 3100), com idade igual ou superior a 20 anos, responderam perguntas sobre a pratica de atividades fisicas sistematizadas (pelo menos seis meses consecutivos) na sua adolescencia. Os resultados mostram que a pratica do futebol e do voleibol entre os homens e do voleibol e a da danca entre as mulheres sao as atividades mais praticadas. Entretanto, cabe destacar que atividades como a ginastica de academia e a musculacao tiveram um consideravel aumento na preferencia dos jovens. Reconhecer quais atividades fisicas e focar iniciativas naquelas que tem despertado mais o interesse da populacao jovem pode ser um caminho para a diminuicao das elevadas taxas de sedentarismo.
Expansion of a singularly perturbed equation with a two-scale converging convection term

In many physical contexts, evolution convection equations may present some very large amplitude convective terms. As an example, in the context of magnetic confinement fusion, the distribution function that describes the plasma satisfies the Vlasov equation in which some terms are of the same order as $\epsilon^{-1}$, $\epsilon \ll 1$ being the characteristic gyrokinetic period of the particles around the magnetic lines. In this paper, we aim to present a model hierarchy for modeling the distribution function for any value of $\epsilon$ by using some two-scale convergence tools. Following Frenod \\& Sonnendrucker's recent work, we choose the framework of a singularly perturbed convection equation where the convective terms admit either a high amplitude part or a an oscillating part with high frequency $\epsilon^{-1} \gg 1$. In this abstract framework, we derive an expansion with respect to the small parameter $\epsilon$ and we recursively identify each term of this expansion. Finally, we apply this new model hierarchy to the context of a linear Vlasov equation in three physical contexts linked to the magnetic confinement fusion and the evolution of charged particle beams.
Design and analysis of pulse-width modulation-based two-stage current-mode multi-phase voltage doubler

A new closed-loop switched-capacitor (SC) converter of two-stage current-mode multi-phase voltage doubler (CMPVD) is presented by combining multi-phase operation and pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique for low-power DC-DC step-up conversion and output current regulation. This CMPVD is composed of two voltage doublers and one constant current source in series. The voltage doublers are in charge of boosting voltage, and are combined with multi-phase operation to obtain the higher voltage gain by the least number of pumping capacitors. The current source is adopted for supplying a constant current at output terminal, and is combined with PWM to reinforce output regulation as well as robustness against source/loading variation. Further, the relevant theoretical analysis and design include CMPVD model, steady-state/dynamic analysis, power efficiency, conversion ratio, output ripple, source lower bound, capacitance and current source selection, stability and closed-loop control. Finally, the closed-loop CMPVD is designed and simulated, and the hardware implementation is realised and tested. All the results are illustrated to show the efficacy of the proposed scheme.
Firm Exit and Armed Conflict in Colombia

This article uses two unique panel data sets to study the causal effect that armed conflict has over firm exit in Colombia. Using a fixed-effect estimation methodology at the plant level and controlling for the possible endogeneity of armed conflict through the use of instrumental variables, we find that a one-standard deviation (SD) increase in the number of guerrilla and paramilitary attacks in a municipality increases the probability of plant exit in 5.5 percentage points or . 28 SD. This effect is stronger for younger manufacturing plants, with a smaller number of workers and low levels of capital.
A Systematic Review of Faces Scales for the Self-report of Pain Intensity in Children

CONTEXT: Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of pain intensity in children. It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity, reliability, feasibility, and preference. OBJECTIVES: To summarize and systematically review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility. METHODS: Five major electronic databases were systematically searched for studies that used a faces scale for the self-report measurement of pain intensity in children. Fourteen faces pain scales were identified, of which 4 have undergone extensive psychometric testing: Faces Pain Scale (FPS) (scored 0–6); Faces Pain Scale–Revised (FPS-R) (0–10); Oucher pain scale (0–10); and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS) (0–10). These 4 scales were included in the review. Studies were classified by using psychometric criteria, including construct validity, reliability, and responsiveness, that were established a priori. RESULTS: From a total of 276 articles retrieved, 182 were screened for psychometric evaluation, and 127 were included. All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data. When given a choice between faces scales, children preferred the WBFPRS. Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS. CONCLUSIONS: For clinical use, we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use. For research use, the FPS-R has been recommended on the basis of utility and psychometric features. Data are sparse for children below the age of 5 years, and future research should focus on simplified measures, instructions, and anchors for these younger children.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the β4 Integrin Cytoplasmic Domain Mediates Shc Signaling to Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase and Antagonizes Formation of Hemidesmosomes*

Ligation of the α6β4 integrin induces tyrosine phosphorylation of the β4 cytoplasmic domain, followed by recruitment of the adaptor protein Shc and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. We have used Far Western analysis and phosphopeptide competition assays to map the sites in the cytoplasmic domain of β4 that are required for interaction with Shc. Our results indicate that, upon phosphorylation, Tyr1440, or secondarily Tyr1422, interacts with the SH2 domain of Shc, whereas Tyr1526, or secondarily Tyr1642, interacts with its phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain. An inactivating mutation in the PTB domain of Shc, but not one in its SH2 domain, suppresses the activation of Shc by α6β4. In addition, mutation of β4 Tyr1526, which binds to the PTB domain of Shc, but not of Tyr1422 and Tyr1440, which interact with its SH2 domain, abolishes the activation of ERK by α6β4. Phenylalanine substitution of the β4 tyrosines able to interact with the SH2 or PTB domain of Shc does not affect incorporation of α6β4 in the hemidesmosomes of 804G cells. Exposure to the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor orthovanadate increases tyrosine phosphorylation of β4 and disrupts the hemidesmosomes of 804G cells expressing recombinant wild type β4. This treatment, however, exerts a decreasing degree of inhibition on the hemidesmosomes of cells expressing versions of β4containing phenylalanine substitutions at Tyr1422 and Tyr1440, at Tyr1526 and Tyr1642, or at all four tyrosine phosphorylation sites. These results suggest that β4 Tyr1526 interacts in a phosphorylation-dependent manner with the PTB domain of Shc. This event is required for subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc and signaling to ERK but not formation of hemidesmosomes.
Simulating interconnection networks in RAW

The authors investigate the relationship between application program characteristics and interconnection network (ICN) performance using an execution driven simulation testbed: the reconfigurable architecture workbench (RAW). RAW simulates a wide variety of parallel architectures including both fine and coarse grain; SIMD, MIMD, and hybrid machines; and a wide variety of ICNs. They present RAW's network model, the structure of RAW's network simulator, a model for k-ary n-cube networks which are currently popular in the literature, and the results of experiments using the simulator. Their results show that application program characteristics can have a profound effect on network performance: a revelation that points out the benefits of studying interconnection networks in the context of overall application performance. <<ETX>>
MIMO Network Coding-Based PHY/MAC Protocol for Replacement of CSMA/CA in Efficient Two-Way Multihop Relay Networks

Backbone wireless mesh networks have attracted much of attention due to their wide-range applications. The use of CSMA/CA based MAC protocols in mesh networks, however, leads to an inefficient resource utilization, and to high latency. Several alternative protocols including directional MAC, multichannel MAC only provide marginal improvement. Recently, a cross-layer design employing multiple antenna techniques and network coding called MIMO network coding was proposed. Owing to multiple access interference cancellation ability of MIMO, bi-directional flow multiplexing capability of network coding in combination with an efficient channel access scheme of TDMA/TDD, MIMO two-way relay provides significantly high end-to-end capacity. In this paper, MIMO network coding is considered as an alternative PHY/MAC protocol of CSMA/CA. This paper provides details of the protocol and develops network simulators for performance evaluation. Furthermore, an efficient retransmission scheme for transmission system employing network coding is proposed. The paper shows that MIMO network coding achieves significant network performance improvement with respect to CSMA/CA mesh networks. The proposed retransmission scheme is also shown to be effective in terms of resource usage as well as QoS guarantee.
Labeling of binding sites for beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) on nonfibrillar surface structures of mutans streptococci by immunogold and beta 2m-gold electron microscopy

As little detail is known about the surface structure of streptococci in the mutans group and the relationship of surface structure to host ligand-binding functions, the twofold purpose of this investigation was to examine in detail, by a range of electron microscopic techniques, the surface structures of streptococci in the different species of the mutans group and to investigate the distribution of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m)-binding sites on such structures. Strains representing Streptococcus mutans, S. cricetus, S. rattus, S. sobrinus, and four fresh isolates were studied by shadowcasting and histochemical staining of whole-mounted cells as well as by ultrathin and thick sectioning of embedded specimens. beta 2m-binding site distribution was visualized by indirect immunogold electron microscopy and by direct bacterial binding of beta 2m-conjugated gold probes. Shadowcast preparations revealed binding of gold probes to the cell surface of known beta 2m-binding strains but not to their polar fibrillar appendages. These long fibrils, common to all strains, were trypsin and sonication sensitive and stained with lead citrate but not with uranyl acetate or ruthenium red. More gold particles were bound by the indirect technique. For grid-mounted bacteria, the gold was mostly bound in clusters at the periphery of the cells. When gold probes were reacted in suspension with bacteria before mounting onto grids, a more even distribution of the gold was seen, but the bacteria were aggregated. Heating the bacteria eliminated beta 2m-gold binding but had no effect on the morphology of the fibrils. Thick sections of embedded bacteria prereacted with beta 2m-conjugated gold probes were analyzed by stereo imaging. A wispy, uranyl acetate-stained fuzzy layer, distinct from the fibrils seen by shadowcasting and extending up to one cell diameter from the cell wall, contained the gold probes. These findings introduce a concept that binding sites for some salivary ligands on mutans streptococci may be clustered on very delicate, nonfibrillar structures extending much further from the cell wall than previously appreciated. As for beta 2m, which composes part of the human histocompatibility antigens, part of the bacterial surface would be coated at a distance from its body with a protein not necessarily recognized as foreign by the host.
Optimum Control for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (IPMSM) in Constant Torque and Flux Weakening Range

Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (IPMSM) gain importance due to their high torque per volume ratio particularly for hybrid electrical vehicles. However, unlike to standard control theory, the torque control strategy for these motors is not apparently due to their reluctance torque, which is typical with interior magnet design. In this contribution, a control strategy is presented, which enables optimal torque control both in the lower speed range as well in the full flux weakening range. Operation during flux weakening, however, causes stress to the magnets of the motor with the risk of permanent demagnetization. The relations between the crucial design parameters are shown.
Spectral characteristics of OWSS signal

A recently reported signaling system called orthogonal wavelet spread spectrum (OWSS) is aimed at high speed WLANs. This letter discusses the generation and spectral properties of its basis pulses and the spectral characteristics of the transmit signal. If all virtual channels are active, the theoretical baseband spectrum of the OWSS systems is shown to be perfectly flat. Further, the simulated passband spectrum is found to be relatively flat and 30-40% more compact than that of the familiar 802.11a OFDM, due largely to the avoidance of the prefix, elimination of channel coding and a sharp rolloff.
Impaired mitophagy leads to cigarette smoke stress‐induced cellular senescence: implications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Cigarette smoke (CS)‐induced cellular senescence is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The molecular mechanism by which CS induces cellular senescence is unknown. Here, we show that CS stress (exposure of primary lung cells to CS extract 0.2‐0.75% with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration of ~0.5%) led to impaired mitophagy and perinuclear accumulation of damaged mitochondria associated with cellular senescence in both human lung fibroblasts and small airway epithelial cells (SAECs). Impaired mitophagy was attributed to reduced Parkin translocation to damaged mitochondria, which was due to CS‐induced cytoplasmic p53 accumulation and its interaction with Parkin. Impaired Parkin translocation to damaged mitochondria was also observed in mouse lungs with emphysema (6 months CS exposure, 100 mg TPM/m3) as well as in lungs of chronic smokers and patients with COPD. Primary SAECs from patients with COPD also exhibited impaired mitophagy and increased cellular senescence via suborganellar signaling. Mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant (Mito‐Tempo) restored impaired mitophagy, decreased mitochondrial mass accumulation, and delayed cellular senescence in Parkin‐overexpressing cells. In conclusion, defective mitophagy leads to CS stress‐induced lung cellular senescence, and restoring mitophagy delays cellular senescence, which provides a promising therapeutic intervention in chronic airway diseases. —Ahmad, T. , Sundar, I. K. , Lerner, C. A. , Gerloff, J., Tormos, A. M. , Yao, H. , Rahman, I. Impaired mitophagy leads to cigarette smoke stress‐induced cellular senescence: implications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. FASEB J. 29, 2912‐2929 (2015). www.fasebj. org
The automation of Nested Clade Phylogeographic Analysis

UNLABELLED ANeCA is a fully automated implementation of Nested Clade Phylogeographic Analysis. This was originally developed by Templeton and colleagues, and has been used to infer, from the pattern of gene sequence polymorphisms in a geographically structured population, the historical demographic processes that have shaped its evolution. Until now it has been necessary to perform large parts of the procedure manually. We provide a program that will take data in Nexus sequential format, and directly output a set of inferences. The software also includes TCS v1.18 and GeoDis v2.2 as part of automation. AVAILABILITY The software is available free of charge from http://www.rubic. rdg.ac. uk/~mahesh/software.html. The program is written in Java and requires the Java 1.4 Runtime Environment (or later) to run. The source code is included in the package, and includes the source from TCS and GeoDis. ANeCA, TCS and GeoDis are released under the GNU General Public License.
Graph-Based Semantic Web Service Composition for Healthcare Data Integration

Within the numerous and heterogeneous web services offered through different sources, automatic web services composition is the most convenient method for building complex business processes that permit invocation of multiple existing atomic services. The current solutions in functional web services composition lack autonomous queries of semantic matches within the parameters of web services, which are necessary in the composition of large-scale related services. In this paper, we propose a graph-based Semantic Web Services composition system consisting of two subsystems: management time and run time. The management-time subsystem is responsible for dependency graph preparation in which a dependency graph of related services is generated automatically according to the proposed semantic matchmaking rules. The run-time subsystem is responsible for discovering the potential web services and nonredundant web services composition of a user's query using a graph-based searching algorithm. The proposed approach was applied to healthcare data integration in different health organizations and was evaluated according to two aspects: execution time measurement and correctness measurement.
A Comparison of Optimal Classification Strategies for Choroplethic Displays of Spatially Aggregated Data

Abstract A debate has ensued from the question of whether the attribute values of spatially aggregated data need to be classified prior to the display operator for representation as a choropleth map. Some recent studies have concluded that choropleth maps using Jenk's optimal classification scheme are more easily interpretated than either unclassed maps or more traditional classification methods. This paper presents a range of optimal classification strategies for displaying spatially aggregated data including techniques designed to enhance value identification.
Benthic Community Recovery from Small-Scale Damage on Marginal Caribbean Reefs: An Example from Panama

The frequency of small-scale physical damage to coral reefs is likely to increase as fishing and tourism pressures intensify. Predicting how reefs will respond to the effects of these types of damage requires empirical exploration, especially on reefs that are already heavily degraded. We replicated small-scale damage on four reefs that live close to their ecophysiological tolerance limits in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago of Caribbean Panama and quantified their recovery over 2 yrs. On each reef we cleared five replicate 1 × 1-m plots of all living benthos simulating physical damage by boat grounding, anchoring, or fishing practices. Recovery of the benthic community was quantitatively monitored and compared to adjacent non-cleared plots (treated as a control) every 6 mo. After 2 yrs, only one of the reefs exhibited evidence of recovery of the cleared plots. Poor recruitment of benthos appeared to slow down recovery of cleared plots on another reef. The other two reefs showed unequivocal shifts toward a macroalgae-dominated system, suggesting that small-scale disturbances could have lasting impacts on marginal reefs. We found no clear contemporary or historical environmental signal that could explain the differential dynamics of recovery amongst these reefs.
Mining Anomalous Usage of Sensitive Data through Anomaly Detection

Android smartphones have been playing an important role in people's daily life. Unfortunately, the widespread of Android devices raises high security concerns. The sensitive information of users, such as contact list, SMS, location information, may be stolen by various malware. State-of-the-art approaches can detect most of the malware based on known rules or patterns but remain unprotected from novel privacy leaking behaviors. Our observation is that in same category most of applications contain same or similar sensitive data usage behaviors, so the abnormal data usage behaviors can be judged as malicious cases with high probability. Based on this observation, we propose and implement a system to identify malicious sensitive data usage behaviors and novel malware. We give a detailed analysis about abnormal data usage behavoirs, and our experiment results show our approach can identify 92.7% of all malicious data usage behaviors.