Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ADAM: Automated detection and attribution of malicious webpages

Malicious webpages are a prevalent and severe threat in the Internet security landscape. This fact has motivated numerous static and dynamic techniques for their accurate and efficient detection. Building on this existing literature, this work introduces ADAM, a system that uses machine-learning over network metadata derived from the sandboxed execution of webpage content. Machine-trained models are not novel in this problem space. Instead, it is the dynamic network artifacts (and their subsequent feature representations) collected during rendering that are the greatest contribution of this work.
Tools for simulating humanoid robot dynamics: A survey based on user feedback

The number of tools for dynamics simulation has grown substantially in the last few years. Humanoid robots, in particular, make extensive use of such tools for a variety of applications, from simulating contacts to planning complex motions. It is necessary for the humanoid robotics community to have a systematic evaluation to assist in choosing which of the available tools is best for their research. This paper surveys the state of the art in dynamics simulation and reports on the analysis of an online survey about the use of dynamics simulation in the robotics research community. The major requirements for robotics researchers are better physics engines and open-source software. Despite the numerous tools, there is not a general-purpose simulator which dominates the others in terms of performance or application. However, for humanoid robotics, Gazebo emerges as the best choice among the open-source projects, while V-Rep is the preferred commercial simulator. The survey report has been instrumental for choosing Gazebo as the base for the new simulator for the iCub humanoid robot.
Comparison of aesthetic preferences among Roman and Arabic script readers

The systemic bias for aesthetic preferences demonstrated by prior research is thought to reflect neural organisation. Research on aesthetic preference and laterality has usually been conducted with participants who read a left-to-right Roman script, e.g., English. In order to determine if the aesthetic judgments were influenced by habitual scanning direction, we administered a geometric aesthetic preference test to 578 right-handed adults who represented a range of script experience, i.e., left-to-right Roman script readers (English); right-to-left Arabic script readers; bi-directional readers of Roman and Arabic scripts; and illiterates. We also administered an asymmetric chimeric faces test. Our findings showed that biases in aesthetic preference were influenced by script direction and pictorial dimensions. In a laterally balanced composition, participants preferred to begin their scan with the object representing Interest and terminate with the object representing Weight, the direction being determined by the script. In an unbalanced composition, participants tended to fixate on content, whether Interest or Weight, and move in a direction consistent with the script.
Usage Patterns of Stop Smoking Medications in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States: Findings from the 2006–2008 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey

Varenicline is a new prescription stop smoking medication (SSM) that has been available in the United States since August 1, 2006, in the United Kingdom and other European Union countries since December 5, 2006, in Canada since April 12, 2007, and in Australia since January 1, 2008. There are few population-based studies that have examined use rates of varenicline and other stop smoking medications. We report data from the ITC Four Country survey conducted with smokers in the US, UK, Canada, and Australia who reported an attempt to quit smoking in past year in the 2006 survey (n = 4,022 participants), 2007 (n = 3,790 participants), and 2008 surveys (n = 2,735 participants) Respondents reported use of various stop smoking medications to quit smoking at each survey wave, along with demographic and smoker characteristics. The self-reported use of any stop smoking medication has increased significantly over the 3 year period in all 4 countries, with the sharpest increase occurring in the United States. Varenicline has become the second most used stop smoking medication, behind NRT, in all 4 countries since being introduced. Between 2006 and 2008, varenicline use rates increased from 0.4% to 21.7% in the US, 0.0% to 14.8% in Canada, 0.0% to 14.5% in Australia, and 0.0% to 4.4% in the UK. In contrast, use of NRT and bupropion remained constant in each country. Males and non-whites were significantly less likely to report using any SSM, while more educated smokers were significantly more likely to use any SSM, including varenicline. Our findings suggest that the introduction of varenicline led to an increase in the number of smokers who used evidence-based treatment during their quit attempts, rather than simply gaining market share at the expense of other medications. From a public health perspective, messages regarding increased success rates among medication users and the relative safety of stop smoking medications should be disseminated widely so as to reach all smokers of all socioeconomic classifications equally.
On the relation between similarity and transfer of training in the learning of discriminative motor tasks.

Abstract : An analysis is presented of the kind and amount of transfer to be expected when an individual learns a first task and then proceeds to a second task in which certain types of alterations have been made. The kind of learning task considered is discriminative motor learning, in which a number of different responses to a number of different stimuli must be acquired. It is contended that the alterations which may be made from one task of this sort to another are most clearly stated in terms of the similarities among the stimuli and among the responses of each task. In other words, the stimuli of the second task may be made more similar, or less similar, to each other than the stimuli of the first task; and likewise the responses of a second task may be made more similar, or less similar, to each other than are the responses of the first task. Still another kind of alteration which is described involves changing the stimulus-response relationships from one task to another. This means that the individual is required to learn in the second task associations which are the reverse of those learned in the first task. That is, where he has learned in the first task the associations Stimulus 1 -- Response 1 and Stimulus 2 -- Response 2, he is required in the second task to learn Stimulus 1 -- Response 2 and Stimulus 2 -- Response 1. (Author)
New Approach for Automated Generation of Service Dependency Models

Managing services by not only looking at their own current state but with support from the “big picture” of service– and inter–service dependencies becomes increasingly important in nowadays’ IT–management. This paper presents a new methodology to automatically generate such dependencies models together with an agent based implementation architecture. It strives to enable more comprehensive IT–management by providing an always up–to-date information basis about inter–dependencies of services, applications and network components. The approach specially aims for heterogeneous environments as found in large enterprises and outsourcing scenarios.
The Teachers’ Reactions to School Violence Scale: Psychometric Properties and Scale Development

In response to the concern with and severity of school violence and the limited research on teachers’responses to these events, the Teachers’Reactions to School Violence Scale (TRSV) was developed. The TRSV is a self-report scale with 35 items measuring teachers’ reactions in relation to an incident of school violence. The convenience sample consisted of 143 middle and high school teachers. A principal components analysis yielded six components: Intrusion, Perceived Safety With Students, Avoidance of Students/Situations, Trust of Students, Environmental Safety, and Feelings of Relief. The six components accounted for 67% of the total variance, and subscale reliabilities ranged from . 60 to . 95. Convergent and discriminant validity was assessed through validation of the TRSV against the Impact of Events Scale. In addition, a comparison of teachers in perceived high-violence schools with teachers in perceived low-violence schools was used to examine criterion-related validity.
Properties of Exchange Coupled All-garnet Magneto-Optic Thin Film Multilayer Structures

The effects of exchange coupling on magnetic switching properties of all-garnet multilayer thin film structures are investigated. All-garnet structures are fabricated by sandwiching a magneto-soft material of composition type Bi1.8Lu1. 2Fe3.6Al1. 4O12 or Bi3Fe5O12:Dy2O3 in between two magneto-hard garnet material layers of composition type Bi2Dy1Fe4Ga1O12 or Bi2Dy1Fe4Ga1O12:Bi2O3. The fabricated RF magnetron sputtered exchange-coupled all-garnet multilayers demonstrate a very attractive combination of magnetic properties, and are of interest for emerging applications in optical sensors and isolators, ultrafast nanophotonics and magneto-plasmonics. An unconventional type of magnetic hysteresis behavior not observed previously in magnetic garnet thin films is reported and discussed.
Incomplete domestication of South American grain amaranth ( Amaranthus caudatus ) from its wild relatives

1 Grain amaranth is a pseudo-cereal and an ancient crop of Central and South America. Of the 2 three species of grain amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus is mainly grown in the Andean region. 3 Several models of domestication were proposed including a domestication from the wild rela4 tives A. hybridus or A. quitensis. To investigate the domestication history of A. caudatus and 5 its relationship to the two wild relatives, we used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to geno6 type 119 amaranth accessions from the Andean region. We determined the genome sizes of 7 the three species and compared phenotypic variation in two domestication-related traits, seed 8 size and seed color. We show that the population genetic analysis based on 9,485 SNPs 9 revealed very little genetic differentiation between the two wild species, suggesting they are 10 the same species, but a strong differentiation between wild and domesticated amaranths. A. 11 caudatus has a higher genetic diversity than its wild relatives and about 10% of accessions 12 showed a strong admixture between the wild and cultivated species suggesting recent gene 13 flow. Genome sizes and seed sizes were not significantly different between wild and domesti14 cated amaranths, although a genetically distinct cluster of Bolivian accessions had significantly 15 larger seeds. Taken together our analysis suggests that grain amaranth is an incompletely do16 mesticated species, either because it was not strongly selected or because high levels of gene 17 flow from its sympatric wild relatives counteract the fixation of key domestication traits in the 18 domesticated A. caudatus. 19 Page 2 not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was . http://dx.doi. org/10.1101/025866 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Sep. 1, 2015;
Tunable Distortion Limits and Corpus Cleaning for SMT

We describe the Uppsala University system for WMT13, for English-to-German translation. We use the Docent decoder, a local search decoder that translates at the document level. We add tunable distortion limits, that is, soft constraints on the maximum distortion allowed, to Docent. We also investigate cleaning of the noisy Common Crawl corpus. We show that we can use alignment-based filtering for cleaning with good results. Finally we investigate effects of corpus selection for recasing.
The Interaction of Knowledge Sources in Word Sense Disambiguation

Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is a computational linguistics task likely to benefit from the tradition of combining different knowledge sources in articial intelligence research. An important step in the exploration of this hypothesis is to determine which linguistic knowledge sources are most useful and whether their combination leads to improved results. We present a sense tagger which uses several knowledge sources. Tested accuracy exceeds 94 on our evaluation corpus. Our system attempts to disambiguate all content words in running text rather than limiting itself to treating a restricted vocabulary of words. It is argued that this approach is more likely to assist the creation of practical systems.
Stability and Instability of Fluid Models for Reentrant Lines

Reentrant lines can be used to model complex manufacturing systems such as wafer fabrication facilities. As the first step to the optimal or near-optimal scheduling of such lines, we investigate their stability. In light of a recent theorem of Dai Dai, J. G. 1995. On positive Harris recurrence of multiclass queueing networks: A unified approach via fluid models. Ann. Appl. Probab.5 49--77. which states that a scheduling policy is stable if the corresponding fluid model is stable, we study the stability and instability of fluid models. To do this we utilize piecewise linear Lyapunov functions. We establish stability of First-Buffer-First-Served FBFS and Last-Buffer-First-Served LBFS disciplines in all reentrant lines, and of all work-conserving disciplines in any three buffer reentrant lines. For the four buffer network of Lu and Kumar we characterize the stability region of the Lu and Kumar policy, and show that it is also the global stability region for this network. We also study stability and instability of Kelly-type networks. In particular, we show that not all work-conserving policies are stable for such networks; however, all work-conserving policies are stable in a ring network.
MIND THE GAP

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds his/her own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings The idea of mindfulness is certainly nothing new – indeed there is evidence that it has been followed to some degree for over 2,000 years. However, fast forwarding to the 21st Century when mindfulness is supposedly all the rage, there are two key questions as to whether it is truly effective, and the extent to which it is being effectively pursued by organizations as a way to develop and support their employees. What is clear to anyone that currently works in any modern organization is that those leading human resources (HR) strategy and departments are certainly aware of mindfulness and are perhaps to a greater or lesser degree in favor of its use – but the message may not be getting through. Practical implications This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds his/her own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings The idea of mindfulness is certainly nothing new – indeed there is evidence that it has been followed to some degree for over 2,000 years. However, fast forwarding to the 21st Century when mindfulness is supposedly all the rage, there are two key questions as to whether it is truly effective, and the extent to which it is being effectively pursued by organizations as a way to develop and support their employees. What is clear to anyone that currently works in any modern organization is that those leading human resources (HR) strategy and departments are certainly aware of mindfulness and are perhaps to a greater or lesser degree in favor of its use – but the message may not be getting through. Practical implications This paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
A New System of Parallel Isolated Nonthermal Filaments near the Galactic Center: Evidence for a Local Magnetic Field Gradient

We report the discovery of a system of isolated nonthermal filaments approximately 0. °5 northwest (75 pc in projection) of Sgr A. Unlike other isolated nonthermal filaments which show subfilamentation, braiding of subfilaments, and flaring at their ends, these filaments are simple linear structures and more closely resemble the parallel bundled filaments in the Galactic center radio arc. However, the most unusual feature of these filaments is that the 20/90 cm spectral index uniformly decreases as a function of length, in contrast to all other nonthermal filaments in the Galactic center. This spectral gradient may not be due to simple particle aging but could be explained by a curved electron energy spectrum embedded in a diverging magnetic field. If so, the scale of the magnetic gradient is not consistent with a large scale magnetic field centered on Sgr A* suggesting that this filament system is tracing a local magnetic field.
Finding Evidence of Antedating in Digital Investigations

Finding evidence of antedating is an important goal in many digital investigations. This paper explores how causality can expose antedating by investigating storage systems for causality and correlate causality with stored timestamps. Causality is determined in two different system types; storage systems using sequence numbers and storage systems using the first-fit allocation strategy. Causality found in these systems was used to implement a timestamp consistency checker for the NTFS file system. The implementation was then tested in an experiment, in which four subjects were asked to antedate a document on a given computer in such a way that the antedating could not be determined by an investigator. The results from this experiment show that the implemented consistency checker can be used to expose antedating. Investigators can use this method to find evidence of antedating to be presented to fact-finders in real cases.
Architecture Optimization Model for the Probabilistic Self-organizing Maps

The probabilistic self-organizing map (PRSOM) is an improved version of the Kohonen classical model (SOM) that appeared in the late 1990’s. In the last years, the interest of probabilistic methods, especially in the fields of clustering and classification has increased, and the PRSOM has been successfully employed in many technological uses, such as: pattern recognition, speech recognition, data compression, medical diagnosis, etc. Mathematically, the PRSOM gives an estimation of the density probability function of a set of samples. And this estimation depends on the parameters given by the architecture of the model. Therefore, the main problem of this model, that we try to approach in this paper, is the architecture choice (the number of neurons and the initialization parameters). In summary, in the present paper, we describe a recent approach of PRSOM trying to find a solution to the problem below. For that, we propose an architecture optimization model that is a mixed integer nonlinear optimization model under linear constraints, resolved by the genetic algorithm. Then to prove the efficiency of the proposed model, we chose to apply it on a speech compression technique based on the determination of the optimal codebook, and finally, we give an implementation and an evaluation of the proposed method that we compare with the results of the classical model.
Pointer-induced aliasing: a problem classification

A? iasing occurs at some program point during execution when two or more names exist for the same location. We have isolated various programming language mechanisms which create aliases. We have classified the complexity of the fllas problem induced by each mechanism alone and in combination, as AfP-hard, complement tip-hard, or polynomial (’P). We present our problem classification, give an overview of our proof that finding interprocedural aliases in the presence of single level pointers is in 7, and present a represent tive proof for the NP-hard problems.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Scheduling Methods of Virtual Machine Migration for Energy Conservation

Scheduling methods of virtual machine (VM) migration are regarded as an effective way for energy conservation. A number of scheduling methods of VM migration have been proposed and/or improved in several research works. However, none of the scheduling methods was evaluated from a comprehensive viewpoint, and there is no useful reference for practices of energy conservation in various data centers. In order to provide a useful reference for best practices of energy conservation in various data centers, this paper presents the first comprehensive evaluation of scheduling methods of VM migration. After giving an overview of major optimization problems, this paper proposes a new set of evaluation metrics that can be used in the evaluation of various scheduling methods of VM migration from different aspects, presents an evaluation environment we constructed according to our evaluation metrics, and discusses evaluation results of those proposed scheduling methods on our evaluation environment. The results of our comprehensive evaluation show that the proposed evaluation metrics can reflect the merits and demerits of various scheduling methods from the perspective of different data center scales and divergent workload types and therefore can be used for evaluating the scheduling methods of VM migration fairly and reasonably.
Social influence processes in computer brainstorming

Groups of 4 brainstormed on computers for 20 min. In some groups information about the number of ideas generated was exchanged every 5 min. Some groups verbalized their ideas as they were typed, and others only typed their ideas. Exchange of information about number of ideas increased group performance, but verbalization decreased performance. Both information exchange and verbalization increased the favorability of performance perception. These results are consistent with the Paulus and Dzindolet (1993) social influence model of group brainstorming.
Purification and characterization of EpiD, a flavoprotein involved in the biosynthesis of the lantibiotic epidermin

The plasmid-encoded epidermin biosynthesis gene, epiD, of Staphylococcus epidermidis Tü3298 was expressed in Escherichia coli by using both the malE fusion system and the T7 RNA polymerase-promoter system. EpiD was identified by Western blotting (immunoblotting) with anti-maltose-binding protein (MBP)-EpiD antiserum. EpiD and the MBP-EpiD fusion protein, which were mainly present in the soluble protein fraction, were purified from the respective E. coli clones. Purified EpiD showed the typical absorption spectrum of an oxidized flavoprotein with maxima at 274, 382, and 453 nm. The coenzyme released from EpiD by heat treatment was identified as flavin mononucleotide. S. epidermidis Tü3298/EMS11, containing a mutation within epiD, was unable to synthesize active epidermin. This mutated gene, epiD*, was cloned in E. coli and expressed as an MBP-EpiD* fusion protein. DNA sequencing of epiD* identified a point mutation that led to replacement of Gly-93 with Asp. Unlike MBP-EpiD, the fusion protein MBP-EpiD* could not bind flavin mononucleotide. We propose that EpiD catalyzes the removal of two reducing equivalents from the cysteine residue of the C-terminal meso-lanthionine to form a --C==C-- double bond and is therefore involved in formation of the unusual S-[(Z)-2-aminovinyl[-D-cysteine structure in epidermin.