Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of GaN on SiC High Electron-Mobility Power Transistors and MMICs

Gallium-nitride power transistor (GaN HEMT) and integrated circuit technologies have matured dramatically over the last few years, and many hundreds of thousands of devices have been manufactured and fielded in applications ranging from pulsed radars and counter-IED jammers to CATV modules and fourth-generation infrastructure base-stations. GaN HEMT devices, exhibiting high power densities coupled with high breakdown voltages, have opened up the possibilities for highly efficient power amplifiers (PAs) exploiting the principles of waveform engineered designs. This paper summarizes the unique advantages of GaN HEMTs compared to other power transistor technologies, with examples of where such features have been exploited. Since RF power densities of GaN HEMTs are many times higher than other technologies, much attention has also been given to thermal management-examples of both commercial “off-the-shelf” packaging as well as custom heat-sinks are described. The very desirable feature of having accurate large-signal models for both discrete transistors and monolithic microwave integrated circuit foundry are emphasized with a number of circuit design examples. GaN HEMT technology has been a major enabler for both very broadband high-PAs and very high-efficiency designs. This paper describes examples of broadband amplifiers, as well as several of the main areas of high-efficiency amplifier design-notably Class-D, Class-E, Class-F, and Class-J approaches, Doherty PAs, envelope-tracking techniques, and Chireix outphasing.
Cellular agriculture: The coming revolution in food production

ABSTRACT Cellular agriculture is a nascent technology that allows meat and other agricultural products to be cultured from cells in a bioreactor rather than harvested from livestock on a farm. It is an important, and perhaps revolutionary, technology that presents opportunities to improve animal welfare, enhance human health, and decrease the environmental footprint of meat production. At the same time, it is not without challenges. In particular, because the technology largely replaces biological systems with chemical and mechanical ones, it has the potential to increase industrial energy consumption and, consequently, greenhouse gas emissions. Realizing positive outcomes on all fronts will require technologists, policy makers, and individual consumers to understand this technology and make wise, well-informed decisions as it is developed. If monitored and managed appropriately, cellular agriculture could allow humans to produce more food on less land than ever before while simultaneously mitigating other environmental problems.
Means-ends decoupling and academic identities in Ukrainian university after the Revolution of Dignity

ABSTRACT This article aims to explore the academic identities under the conditions of means-ends decoupling at the nation-state level. For empirical evidence we choose Ukraine. In 2014, after the Revolution of Dignity despite the adoption of the policies aimed to construct academic identities like in the Western universities the intended outcomes were not achieved. It occurred due to means-ends decoupling both at the nation-state and organizational levels. Policy initiatives involved a decrease in teaching workload of academics, they to allocate more time for research. The education ministry also changed the requirements to the scientific titles aiming to enhance the quality of higher education though the focus of the academics on the research at the international level and improvement of their knowledge of English. Our findings reveal that means-ends decoupling not only passes down from the nation-state and organizational levels to the level of individuals but also results also in significant diversion of human intellectual capital and identity conflict experienced by academics. Data is taken from the interviews with nineteen academics from humanities, social, natural and technical sciences affiliated to one Ukrainian university.
Theory-W software project management: a case study

The authors present a candidate unifying principle to guide software project management. Reflecting various alphabetical management theories (X, Y, Z), it is called the Theory W approach to software project management. They explain the Theory W principle and its two subsidiary principles: plan the flight and fly the plan; and, identify and manage your risks. To test the practicability of Theory W, a case study is presented and analyzed: the attempt to introduce new information systems to a large industrial corporation in an emerging nation. The analysis shows that Theory W and its subsidiary principles do an effective job both in explaining why the project encountered problems, and in prescribing ways in which the problems could have been avoided. <<ETX>>
Mixed Feelings: Theories and Evidence of Warm Glow and Altruism

This paper presents theoretical and empirical analyses of experiments that test competing theories of altruism, including pure altruism (a preference for the well-being of others), warm glow (a good feeling from giving) and impure altruism (a combination of pure altruism and warm glow). These theories produce different predictions regarding crowding out, i.e., the reduction in private donations due to public spending. Variations on dictator experiments involving both students and charities examine the incidence of crowding out and provide a new direct measure of the effect of giving on feelings. The results indicate that crowding out is incomplete, i.e., less than dollar for dollar. The evidence on warm glow suggests mixed feelings: giving may be associated with good or bad feelings, depending on the context. As a way to resolve apparent inconsistencies and reconcile the evidence on crowding out and feelings, this paper proposes a theory of conditional altruism, which extends previous models to incorporate social norms that arise in the workplace, marketplace and laboratory.
Constitutive ERK1/2 activation contributes to production of double minute chromosomes in tumour cells

Double minute chromosomes (DMs) are extrachromosomal cytogenetic structures found in tumour cells. As hallmarks of gene amplification, DMs often carry oncogenes and drug‐resistance genes and play important roles in malignant tumour progression and drug resistance. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway is frequently dysregulated in human malignant tumours, which induces genomic instability, but it remains unclear whether a close relationship exists between MAPK signalling and DMs. In the present study, we focused on three major components of MAPK signalling, ERK1/2, JNK1/2/3 and p38, to investigate the relationship between MAPK and DM production in tumour cells. We found that the constitutive phosphorylation of ERK1/2, but not JNK1/2/3 and p38, was closely associated with DMs in tumour cells. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation in DM‐containing and ERK1/2 constitutively phosphorylated tumour cells was able to markedly decrease the number of DMs, as well as the degree of amplification and expression of DM‐carried genes. The mechanism was found to be an increasing tendency of DM DNA to break, become enveloped into micronuclei (MNs) and excluded from the tumour cells during the S/G2 phases of the cell cycle, events that accompanied the reversion of malignant behaviour. Our study reveals a linkage between ERK1/2 activation and DM stability in tumour cells. © 2014 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
The K Luminosity-Metallicity Relation for Dwarf Galaxies and the Tidal Dwarf Galaxies in the Tails of HCG 31

We determine a K-band luminosity-metallicity (L-Z) relation for dwarf irregular galaxies over a large range of magnitudes, -20.5 < MK < -13.5, using a combination of K photometry from either the Two Micron All Sky Survey or the recent study of Vaduvescu et al., and metallicities derived mainly with the Te-method, from several different studies. We then use this newly derived relation, together with published Ks photometry and our new spectra of objects in the field of HCG 31, to discuss the nature of the possible tidal dwarf galaxies of this group. We catalog a new member of HCG 31, namely, "R," situated ∼50 kpc north of the group center and composed of a ring of Hα knots that coincides with a peak in H I. This object is a deviant point in the K-band L-Z relation (it has too high metallicity for its luminosity), and its projected distance to the parent galaxy and large gas reservoir makes it one of the most promising tidal dwarf galaxy candidates of HCG 31, together with object F. The subsystems A1, E, F, H, and R all have metallicities similar to that of the galaxies A+C and B, a result that is expected in a scenario in which those were formed from material expelled from the central galaxies of HCG 31. While objects A1, E, and H will most probably fall back onto their progenitors, F and R may survive as tidal dwarf galaxies. We find that two galaxies of HCG 31, G and Q, have A+em spectral signatures and are probably evolving toward a poststarburst phase. As a useful reference for future investigations, we include a compilation of the most important properties of all members of HCG 31 that were derived either in this work or in previous studies.
DIFFICULTY SCALING OF GAME AI

“Difficulty scaling” is the automatic adaptation of a game, to adapt the challenge a game poses to a human player. In general, a game of which the challenge level matches the skill of the human player (i.e., an “even game”) is experienced as more entertaining than a game that is either too easy or too hard. In practice, when difficulty scaling is implemented in a game, it only adapts a few parameters. Even state-of-the-art games do not apply it to game AI, i.e., to the behaviour of computer-controlled opponents in a game. In prior work, we designed a novel online-learning technique called “dynamic scripting”, that is able to automatically optimise game AI during game-play. In the present paper, we research to what extent dynamic scripting can be used to adapt game AI in order to elicit an even game. We investigate three difficulty-scaling enhancements to the dynamic scripting technique, namely (1) high-fitness penalising, (2) weight clipping, and (3) top culling. Experimental results indicate that top culling is particularly successful in creating an even game. We conclude that dynamic scripting, using top culling, can enhance the entertainment value of games by scaling the difficulty level of the game AI to the playing skill of the human player.
Zones of Proximal Emotional Development — Psychotherapy Within a Neuroaffective Perspective

ABSTRACT This article outlines a conceptual framework for assessing personal and emotional functions of a person’s zone of proximal emotional development. The framework is based on the integrative theory Neuroaffective Developmental Psychology (NADP), which brings together attachment theory, neuropsychology, developmental psychology, and trauma theory. Within the NADP framework, this article describes a way of understanding children’s normal emotional mental organization and of examining how this mental organization may be developed or disturbed by relational issues. It also describes how a child’s mental organization can be disturbed and thus, without intervention, disturb the child’s personality development on a lifelong basis. The article presents three case vignettes, describing three children growing into adolescence with three different attachment patterns and suggested individually tailored intervention plans for each of them, relevant and useful for clinicians working with vulnerable children and families. Because the nervous system retains its plasticity throughout life, attachment is not necessarily an unchangeable pattern. That is why we as clinicians should develop psychotherapeutic methods and a research-based way of determining “what works for whom” by assessing the zone of individual proximal emotional development. The text outlines the characteristics of NADP and how it can be used to structure an intervention plan.
Current Evidence for Developmental, Structural, and Functional Brain Defects following Prenatal Radiation Exposure

Ionizing radiation is omnipresent. We are continuously exposed to natural (e.g., radon and cosmic) and man-made radiation sources, including those from industry but especially from the medical sector. The increasing use of medical radiation modalities, in particular those employing low-dose radiation such as CT scans, raises concerns regarding the effects of cumulative exposure doses and the inappropriate utilization of these imaging techniques. One of the major goals in the radioprotection field is to better understand the potential health risk posed to the unborn child after radiation exposure to the pregnant mother, of which the first convincing evidence came from epidemiological studies on in utero exposed atomic bomb survivors. In the following years, animal models have proven to be an essential tool to further characterize brain developmental defects and consequent functional deficits. However, the identification of a possible dose threshold is far from complete and a sound link between early defects and persistent anomalies has not yet been established. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on brain developmental and persistent defects resulting from in utero radiation exposure and addresses the many questions that still remain to be answered.
Robot behavior expression by illusion of life

From long before, the puppeteers and animators have realized that the trick of behavior expression of the artifacts, such as the marionettes or cartoon characters, is to produce the illusion of life in the audiences. This principle can be applied to behavior design of the social robots that communicate with people through body movements. Accordingly, the emphasis of robot behavior design should be placed on the visual effects that are helpful to produce the illusion of life but not to copy human motion strictly. To produce the illusion of life, the artists give emotions and personalities to the animated film characters while the computer animators add more features like reactivity and adaptation to the interactive figures. The illusion of life produced by expressive behaviors of the robots in social and network environment can be enhanced with human robot interaction.
Transactional Auto Scaler: Elastic Scaling of Replicated In-Memory Transactional Data Grids

In this article, we introduce TAS (Transactional Auto Scaler), a system for automating the elastic scaling of replicated in-memory transactional data grids, such as NoSQL data stores or Distributed Transactional Memories. Applications of TAS range from online self-optimization of in-production applications to the automatic generation of QoS/cost-driven elastic scaling policies, as well as to support for what-if analysis on the scalability of transactional applications. In this article, we present the key innovation at the core of TAS, namely, a novel performance forecasting methodology that relies on the joint usage of analytical modeling and machine learning. By exploiting these two classically competing approaches in a synergic fashion, TAS achieves the best of the two worlds, namely, high extrapolation power and good accuracy, even when faced with complex workloads deployed over public cloud infrastructures. We demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of TAS’s performance forecasting methodology via an extensive experimental study based on a fully fledged prototype implementation integrated with a popular open-source in-memory transactional data grid (Red Hat’s Infinispan) and industry-standard benchmarks generating a breadth of heterogeneous workloads.
Algorithm Based Fault Tolerance : Review and experimental study

Algorithm-Based Fault Tolerance (ABFT) is a technique developed by J. A. Abraham and K. Huang in 1984 [HA 84]. The technique focuses on matrix computations, and more specifically, on how we can detect and correct the probable faults in a matrix-vector or matrix matrix multiplication. According to the [HA 84] Algorithm Based Fault Tolerance is distinguished by three characteristics : The encoding of the data used by the algorithm, the redesign of the algorithm to operate on the encoded data, and the distribution of the computation steps in the algorithm among computation units. In [KPD98], the authors present a technique, based on checksum and reverse computation called Rollback Recovery Method and they implement it on varius matrix operations (matrix multiplication, Cholesky, QR and LU factorization and Hessenberg reduction). In this paper we apply three different schemes, Basic ABFT, Rollback Recovery and Recomputation on matrix multiplication for different matrix dimensions, and we give experimental results on the error detection and recovery performance of every one of the three methods. We consider errors that occur during computation. We suppose these errors are random and we apply several values of error probability. We suppose that, errors occur because of transient hardware problems or faulty data propagation.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ISOLATION OF THE CORTEX AND THE ROLE OF THE CALCIUM-INSOLUBLE PROTEIN IN SEVERAL SPECIES OF SEA URCHIN EGG

A comparative study was made of the isolation of the cortex in the eggs of several sea urchin species. Since the isolation method developed by Sakai depends on the presence of magnesium in the medium, the protein composition of the cortex was investigated to determine whether the protein component of the egg described by Kane and Hersh which is gelled by divalent ions, is present in these cortices. Isolation of the cortex was found to require the same divalent ions at the same concentrations as protein gelation, and in the eggs of some species much of the gel protein of the cell was found in the isolated cortical material. In the eggs of other species a smaller fraction of this protein was found in the isolated cortex, although it was more concentrated there than in the endoplasm, and in one species this protein appeared to be uniformly distributed throughout the cell. These results indicate that this protein is localized in the cortical region of the eggs of some species of sea urchin, possibly in the cortical granules, but also point up the fact that results from one species cannot be uncritically extrapolated to others.
Long-Term Follow-Up of HPV16-Positive Women: Persistence of the Same Genetic Variant and Low Prevalence of Variant Co-Infections

HPV16 variants correlate with geographic origin and ethnicity. The association between infection with a specific variant and the cervical disease risk remains unclear. We studied the prevalence, persistence and association with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of different HPV16 variants, using cervical swabs and whole tissue sections (WTS) of biopsies from 548 women in the placebo group of a HPV16/18 vaccine trial. In HPV16-positive samples, HPV16 variants were identified by a reverse hybridization assay (RHA). Laser-capture micro-dissection (LCM) was performed for localized detection of HPV. HPV16 variants were determined in 47 women. Frequency of mixed HPV16 variant infections was lower (8.5%) than for multiple HPV genotypes (39.1%). Among 35 women having consecutive HPV16 variant-positive swabs, 32 (91.4%) had the same variant while in three (8.6%) women a change in variant(s) was observed. HPV16-positive WTS were obtained from 12 women having consecutive HPV16 variant-positive swabs. The same variant was present in WTS of 10 women, while two were negative. WTS of five women were histologically normal. A single HPV16 variant was detected in four women having CIN1-3, while additional HPV genotypes were found in three other women having CIN2 and CIN3. In the WTS of one woman with mixed genotypes, the HPV16 variant was assigned to a CIN2 lesion by LCM. HPV16 variant infections can be effectively studied in cervical swabs and tissue specimens by the HPV16 variant RHA. Multiple HPV16 variants in one woman are rare. The HPV16 genotype consistently detected in follow-up samples usually involves a persistent infection with the same variant.
Determining facial expressions in real time

We suggest an approach to describing and tracking the deformation of facial features. We concentrate on the mouth since its shape is important in detecting emotion. However, we believe that our system could be extended to deal with other facial features. In our system, the mouth is described by a valley contour which is based between the lips. This contour is shown to exist independently of illumination, viewpoint, identity, and expression. We present a real time mouth tracking system that follows this valley. It is shown to be robust to changes in identity, illumination and viewpoint. A simple classification algorithm was found to be sufficient to discriminate between 5 different mouth shapes, with a 100% recognition rate. <<ETX>>
TrkA In Vivo Function Is Negatively Regulated by Ubiquitination

TrkA is a tyrosine kinase receptor required for development and survival of the peripheral nervous system. In the adult, TrkA and its ligand NGF are peripheral pain mediators, particularly in inflammatory pain states. However, how TrkA regulates the function of nociceptive neurons and whether its activity levels may lead to sensory abnormalities is still unclear. Here we report the characterization of a 3 aa (KFG) domain that negatively regulates TrkA level and function in response to NGF. Deletion of this domain in mouse causes a reduction of TrkA ubiquitination leading to an increase in TrkA protein levels and activity. The number of dorsal root ganglia neurons is not affected by the mutation. However, mutant mice have enhanced thermal sensitivity and inflammatory pain. Together, these data suggest that ubiquitination is a mechanism used in nociceptive neurons to regulate TrkA level and function. Our results may enhance our understanding of how ubiquitination affects TrkA activation following noxious thermal stimulation and inflammatory pain.
Simpleaffy: a BioConductor package for Affymetrix Quality Control and data analysis

UNLABELLED Quality Control is a fundamental aspect of successful microarray data analysis. Simpleaffy is a BioConductor package that provides access to a variety of QC metrics for assessing the quality of RNA samples and of the intermediate stages of sample preparation and hybridization. Simpleaffy also offers fast implementations of popular algorithms for generating expression summaries and detection calls. AVAILABILITY Simpleaffy can be downloaded from http://www.bioconductor. org. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Additional information can be found on the supplementary website located at http://bioinformatics.picr. man.ac. uk.
Improving Phylogeny-Based Network Approaches to Investigate the History of the Chinese Dialects

Phylogeny-based network approaches are a powerful tool to study language history. Based on a reference tree, they infer the minimal amount of transfer events that is needed to explain the patterning of cognate sets observed in contemporary languages. Since these approaches handle both vertical and lateral aspects of language history, they seem perfectly adequate to study Chinese dialect history. In this paper, a couple of modifications to previous phylogeny- based network approaches are presented. Having confirmed that these modifications constitute significant improvements by testing them on a control-dataset of 40 Indo-European languages, the new method is applied to a dataset of 40 Chinese dialects. The results show that the majority (60%) of character patterns in the Chinese dataset cannot be readily explained as resulting from vertical inheritance alone, much more than observed for the Indo-European data (32%). Since the method yields concrete assessments regarding the regularity of cognate sets, it is very useful as a starting point for deeper historical analyses.