Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An experimental test of the relationship between melanism and desiccation survival in insects

We used experimental evolution to test the ‘melanism-desiccation’ hypothesis, which proposes that dark cuticle in several Drosophila species is an adaptation for increased desiccation tolerance. We selected for dark and light body pigmentation in replicated populations of D. melanogaster and assayed traits related to water balance. We also scored pigmentation and desiccation tolerance in populations selected for desiccation survival. Populations in both selection regimes showed large differences in the traits directly under selection. However, after over 40 generations of pigmentation selection, dark-selected populations were not more desiccation-tolerant than light-selected and control populations, nor did we find significant changes in carbohydrate amounts that could affect desiccation resistance. Body pigmentation of desiccation-selected populations did not differ from control populations after over 140 generations of selection. Our results do not support an important role for melanization in Drosophila water balance.
Single-Phase Two Stator Windings Induction and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators

The paper proposes an innovative single-phase synchronous generator. A simulation schema is presented, as well as some simulation results that permit to establish the generator phasor diagram from which results the generator steady-state phasor model that permits to study any steady-state operation regime Key-Words: Permanent magnet generator, simulation, unconventional energetic
Unknotting is in AM ∩ co-AM

Hass, Lagarias, and Pippenger analyzed the computational complexity of various decision problems in knot theory. They proved that the problem whether a given knot is unknotting is in <b>NP</b>, and conjectured that the problem is contained in <b>NP</b>∩co-<b>NP. </b> Agol, Hass, and Thurston proved that the problem called <i>ManifoldGenus</i>, which is a general problem of <i>Unknotting</i>, is <b>NP</b>-complete. We construct an interactive proof system for <i>Knotting</i>, and prove that the problem is contained in <b>IP</b>(2). Consequently, <i>Unknotting</i> is contained in <b>AM</b> ∩ co-<b>AM. </b> If <i>Unknotting</i> is <b>NP</b>-complete, then Σ<inf>2</inf><sup><i>p</i></sup> = Π<inf>2</inf><sup><i>p</i></sup>.
Accumulating Affect: Social Networks and their Archives of Feelings

About this book: Our encounters with websites, avatars, videos, mobile apps, discussion forums, GIFs, and nonhuman intelligent agents allow us to experience sensations of connectivity, interest, desire, and attachment -- as well as detachment, boredom, fear, and shame. Some affective online encounters may arouse complex, contradictory feelings that resist dualistic distinctions. In this book, leading scholars examine the fluctuating and altering dynamics of affect that give shape to online connections and disconnections. Doing so, they tie issues of circulation and connectivity to theorizations of networked affect. Their diverse investigations -- considering subjects that range from online sexual dynamics to the liveliness of computer code -- demonstrate the value of affect theories for Internet studies. The contributors investigate networked affect in terms of intensity, sensation, and value. They explore online intensities that range from Tumblr practices in LGBTQ communities to visceral reactions to animated avatars; examine the affective materiality of software in such platforms as steampunk culture and nonprofit altporn; and analyze the ascription of value to online activities including the GTD ("getting things done") movement and the accumulation of personal digital materials.
Nucleolin Is Required for RNA Polymerase I Transcription In Vivo

ABSTRACT Eukaryotic genomes are packaged with histones and accessory proteins in the form of chromatin. RNA polymerases and their accessory proteins are sufficient for transcription of naked DNA, but not of chromatin, templates in vitro. In this study, we purified and identified nucleolin as a protein that allows RNA polymerase II to transcribe nucleosomal templates in vitro. As immunofluorescence confirmed that nucleolin localizes primarily to nucleoli with RNA polymerase I, we demonstrated that nucleolin allows RNA polymerase I transcription of chromatin templates in vitro. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments established that nucleolin is associated with chromatin containing rRNA genes transcribed by RNA polymerase I but not with genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II or III. Knockdown of nucleolin by RNA interference resulted in specific inhibition of RNA polymerase I transcription. We therefore propose that an important function of nucleolin is to permit RNA polymerase I to transcribe nucleolar chromatin.
Hydrothermal synthesis and optical properties of ZnO particles

Through hydrothermal process, different morphology ZnO particles are prepared with zinc acetate dehydrate and ammonia used as main resources. The microstructure, morphology and photoluminescence properties of the as-prepared products are characterized by x-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and photoluminescence spectrum, respectively. The results indicate that the as-prepared products are ZnO single crystalline with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The morphology change from rod-like to flower-like and PL intensity enhances when the growth temperature is increased from 120°C to 200°C. CTAB greatly improves the crystalline of ZnO crystals.
A First Bibliography of Historical Archaeology in Australia Continued

Keeping up-to-date with written material in the field ofAustralian historical archaeology remains a difficult problem. For this reason, Jane Wesson has updated her bibliography that was published in Volume 1 ofthis journal. Two particular difficulties continue to bedevil the task ofbibliographer in this subject. First, how does one define historical archaeology? Second, what does one do about unpublished 'report' material? The first of these questions would probably be answered slightly differently by each individual bibliographer but the second is a simple matter ofdeciding whether to restrict the entries to formally published material or to include such unpublished material as one happens to know about. Strictly the first policy would be most appropriate but this would exclude much material of use both to researchers and to contract archaeologists. For this reason it is the second policy that is adopted here.
A Novel Framework for Real-Time Fault Diagnosis Based on Dynamic Fault Tree Analysis

To meet the real-time diagnosis requirements of the complex system, this study proposes a novel framework for real-time fault diagnosis using dynamic fault tree analysis. It pays special attention to meeting two challenges: model development and real-time reasoning. In terms of the challenge of model development, we use a dynamic fault tree model to capture the dynamic behavior of system failure mechanisms and calculate some reliability results by mapping a dynamic fault tree into an equivalent Bayesian Network (BN) in order to avoid the infamous state space explosion problem. In terms of the real-time reasoning challenge, we adopt a logic compilation based inference algorithm, which compiles the BN into an arithmetic circuit and retrieves answers to probabilistic queries by evaluating and differentiating the arithmetic circuit. Furthermore, we incorporate sensors data into fault diagnosis, cope with the sensors reliability and propose the schemes on how to update the Diagnostic Importance Factor (DIF) and the minimal cut sets. Finally, a case study is given to validate the efficiency of this method.
Maximising audio-visual speech correlation

The aim of this work is to investigate a selection of audio and visual speech features with the aim of finding pairs that maximise audio-visual correlation. Two audio speech features have been used in the analysis - filterbank vectors and the first four formant frequencies. Similarly, three visual features have also been considered - active appearance model (AAM), 2-D DCT and cross-DCT. From a database of 200 sentences, audio and visual speech features have been extracted and multiple linear regression used to measure the audio-visual correlation. Results reveal filterbank features to exhibit multiple correlation of around R=0.8 to visual features, while formant frequencies show substantially less correlation to visual features - R=0.6 for formants 1 and 2 and less than R=0.4 for formants 3 and 4. The three visual features show almost identical correlation to the audio features, varying in multiple correlation by less than 0.1, even though the methods of visual feature extraction are very different. Measuring the audio-visual correlation within each phoneme and then averaging the correlation across all phonemes showed an increase in correlation to R=0.9.
A Simple Method to Prepare Head‐to‐Tail Coupled, Regioregular Poly(3‐alkylthiophenes) Using Grignard Metathesis

± [1] S. Chandrasekhar, Liquid Crystals, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1992. [2] G. Blasse, G. J. Dirksen, A. Meijerink, J. F. Van der Pol, E. Neeleman, W. Drenth, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1989, 154, 420. [3] D. Markovitsi, I. Lecuyer, P. Lianos, J. Malthte, J. Chem. Soc. , Faraday Trans. 1991, 87, 1785. [4] D. Markovitsi, F. Rigaut, M. Mouallem, J. Malthte, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1987, 135, 236. [5] D. Adam, F. Closs, T. Frey, D. Funhoff, D. Haarer, H. Ringsdorf, P. Schuhmacher, K. Siemensmeyer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1993, 70, 457. [6] D. Adam, P. Schuhmacher, J. Simmerer, L. Hauuling, K. Siemensmeyer, K. H. Etzbach, H. Ringsdorf, D. Haarer, Nature 1994, 371, 141. [7] D. Adam, P. Schuhmacher, J. Simmerer, L. Hauuling, K. Paulus, K. Siemensmeyer, K. H. Etzbach, H. Ringsdorf, D. Haarer, Adv. Mater. 1995, 7, 276. [8] J. Simmerer, B. Glusen, W. Paulus, A. Kettner, P. Schuhmacher, A. Adam, K. -H. Etzbach, K. Siemensmeyer, J. H. Wendorff, H. Ringsdorf, D. Haarer, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 815. [9] T. Christ, B. Glusen, A. Greiner, A. Kettner, R. Sander, V. Stumpflen, V. Tsukruk, J. H. Wendorff, Adv. Mater. 1997, 9, 48. [10] T. Christ, V. Stumpflen, J. H. Wendorff, Macromol. Chem. Rapid Commun. 1997, 18, 93. [11] I. H. Stapff, V. Stumpflen, J. H. Wendorff, D. B. Spohn, D. Mobius, Liq. Cryst. 1997, 23, 613. [12] G. Lussem, J. H. Wendorff, Polym. Adv. Technol. 1998, 9, 443. [13] B. Glusen, W. Heitz, A. Kettner, J. H. Wendorff, Liq. Cryst. 1996, 20, 627. [14] B. Glusen, A. Kettner, J. Kopitzke, J. H. Wendorff, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1998, 241, 113. [15] B. Glusen, Ordnung und Beweglichkeit: Untersuchungen zur Struktur und Dynamik diskotischer Flussigkristalle, Gorich & Weiershauser, Marburg, Germany 1997. [16] T. Christ, F. Geffarth, B. Glusen, A. Kettner, G. Lussem, O. Schafer, V. Stumpflen, J. H. Wendorff, V. V. Tsukruk, Thin Solid Films 1997, 302, 214. [17] C. Baehr, M. Ebert, G. Frick, J. H. Wendorff, Liq. Cryst. 1990, 7, 601. [18] G. Strobl, The Physics of Polymers, Springer, Berlin 1996, p. 157. [19] W. L. Winterbottom, Acta Metall. 1967, 15, 303. [20] H. Sato, S. Shinozaki, Surf. Sci. 1970, 22, 229. [21] B. Kevenhorster, Diploma Thesis, Universitat Marburg, Germany 1998. A Simple Method to Prepare Head-to-Tail Coupled, Regioregular Poly(3-alkylthiophenes) Using Grignard Metathesis**
Characterization of frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with the GGGGCC repeat expansion in C9ORF72

Numerous kindreds with familial frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been linked to chromosome 9, and an expansion of the GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat in the non-coding region of chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 has recently been identified as the pathogenic mechanism. We describe the key characteristics in the probands and their affected relatives who have been evaluated at Mayo Clinic Rochester or Mayo Clinic Florida in whom the hexanucleotide repeat expansion were found. Forty-three probands and 10 of their affected relatives with DNA available (total 53 subjects) were shown to carry the hexanucleotide repeat expansion. Thirty-six (84%) of the 43 probands had a familial disorder, whereas seven (16%) appeared to be sporadic. Among examined subjects from the 43 families (n = 63), the age of onset ranged from 33 to 72 years (median 52 years) and survival ranged from 1 to 17 years, with the age of onset <40 years in six (10%) and >60 in 19 (30%). Clinical diagnoses among examined subjects included behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia with or without parkinsonism (n = 30), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n = 18), frontotemporal dementia/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with or without parkinsonism (n = 12), and other various syndromes (n = 3). Parkinsonism was present in 35% of examined subjects, all of whom had behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia or frontotemporal dementia/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as the dominant clinical phenotype. No subject with a diagnosis of primary progressive aphasia was identified with this mutation. Incomplete penetrance was suggested in two kindreds, and the youngest generation had significantly earlier age of onset (>10 years) compared with the next oldest generation in 11 kindreds. Neuropsychological testing showed a profile of slowed processing speed, complex attention/executive dysfunction, and impairment in rapid word retrieval. Neuroimaging studies showed bilateral frontal abnormalities most consistently, with more variable degrees of parietal with or without temporal changes; no case had strikingly focal or asymmetric findings. Neuropathological examination of 14 patients revealed a range of transactive response DNA binding protein molecular weight 43 pathology (10 type A and four type B), as well as ubiquitin-positive cerebellar granular neuron inclusions in all but one case. Motor neuron degeneration was detected in nine patients, including five patients without ante-mortem signs of motor neuron disease. While variability exists, most cases with this mutation have a characteristic spectrum of demographic, clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging and especially neuropathological findings.
Modeling and analysis of P2P content distribution under coordinated attack strategies

Content delivery by P2P networks plays an important role nowadays, meanwhile, content owners may attack the networks to block unauthorized content distribution. In this paper, analytical models are developed to analyze the “battle” between users and content owners. The effect of the two most commonly applied attacks, content pollution and index poisoning, are compared. The impact of user behavior is also analyzed. Our analysis reveals that the key factors which influence the P2P content distribution are the persistence of clean copies, the false positive rate of the used security scheme and the initial conditions of the P2P network. Best strategies for attackers as well as intelligent strategies for users seeking for the clean content within large-scale P2P networks are suggested.
Preliminary Approaches to Attention for Social Learning

In social learning, an individual beneets from interacting with its social environment , to acquire new competencies and skills. Social enhancement is a term used to classify all social innuences on an individual's performance. An example of this is stimulus enhancement, where one or more individuals, present in a learner's environment, innuence the learner's probability of exposure to one set of stimuli rather than others. The learner can take advantage of these enhancements to further reduce the amount of input it has to deal with, by paying attention. Attention is a collection of mechanisms that determine the signiicance of stimuli. We argue that attention and stimulus enhancement can be used as tools for learning, and discuss their individual and mutual contributions to learning. We present two preliminary, statistical approaches to the modelling of attention, and point out several issues, problems, and possibilities for further work that arise.
Osteoprotegerin Inhibits Artery Calcification Induced by Warfarin and by Vitamin D

The present experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that arterial calcification is linked to bone resorption by determining whether the selective inhibition of bone resorption with osteoprotegerin will inhibit arterial calcification. In the first test, arterial calcification was induced by treating 22-day-old male rats with warfarin, a procedure that inhibits the &ggr;-carboxylation of matrix Gla protein and causes extensive calcification of the arterial media. Compared with rats treated for 1 week with warfarin alone, rats treated with warfarin plus osteoprotegerin at a dose of 1 mg/kg per day had dramatically reduced alizarin red staining for calcification in the aorta and in the carotid, hepatic, mesenteric, renal, and femoral arteries, and they had 90% lower levels of calcium and phosphate in the abdominal aorta (P <0.001) and in tracheal ring cartilage (P <0.01). More rapid arterial calcification was induced by treating 49-day-old male rats with toxic doses of vitamin D. Treatment for 96 hours with vitamin D caused widespread alizarin red staining for calcification in the aorta and the femoral, mesenteric, hepatic, renal, and carotid arteries, and osteoprotegerin completely prevented calcification in each of these arteries and reduced the levels of calcium and phosphate in the abdominal aorta to control levels (P <0.001). Treatment with vitamin D also caused extensive calcification in the lungs, trachea, kidneys, stomach, and small intestine, and treatment with osteoprotegerin reduced or prevented calcification in each of these sites. Measurement of serum levels of cross-linked N-teleopeptides showed that osteoprotegerin dramatically reduced bone resorption activity in each of these experiments (P <0.001). Therefore, we conclude that doses of osteoprotegerin that inhibit bone resorption are able to potently inhibit the calcification of arteries that is induced by warfarin treatment and by vitamin D treatment. These results support the hypothesis that arterial calcification is linked to bone resorption.
Iterative Design of Advanced Mobile Robots

Integration of hardware, software and decisional components is fundamental in the design of advanced mobile robotic systems capable of performing challenging tasks in unstructured and unpredictable environments. We address such integration challenges following an iterative design strategy, centered on a decisional architecture based on the notion of motivated selection of behavior-producing modules. This architecture evolved over the years from the integration of obstacle avoidance, message reading and touch screen graphical interfaces, to localization and mapping, planning and scheduling, sound source localization, tracking and separation, speech recognition and generation on a custom-made interactive robot. Designed to be a scientific robot reporter, the robot provides understandable and configurable interaction, intention and information in a conference setting, reporting its experiences for on-line and off-line analysis. This paper presents the integration of these capabilities on this robot, revealing interesting new issues in terms of planning and scheduling, coordination of audio/visual/graphical capabilities, and monitoring the uses and impacts of the robot's decisional capabilities in unconstrained operating conditions. This paper also outlines new design requirements for our next design iteration, adding compliance to the locomotion and manipulation capabilities of the platform, and natural interaction through gestures using arms, facial expressions and the robot's pose.
A Unified Approach to Integrate Unilateral Constraints in the Stack of Tasks

The control approaches based on the task function formalism, and particularly those structured as a prioritized hierarchy of tasks, enable complex behaviors with elegant properties of robustness and portability to be built. However, it is difficult to consider a straightforward integration of tasks described by unilateral constraints in such frameworks. Indeed, unilateral constraints exhibit irregularities that prevent the insertion of unilateral tasks at any priority level, other than the lowest, of a hierarchy. In this paper, we present an original method to generalize the hierarchy-based control schemes to account for unilateral constraints at any priority level. We develop our method first for task sequencing using only the kinematics description; then, we expand it to the task description, using the operational space formulation. The method applies in robotics and computer graphics animation. Its practical implementation is exemplified by realizing a real-manipulator visual servoing task and a humanoid avatar reaching task; both experiments are achieved under the unilateral constraints of joint limits.
THE ROLE OF THE PRIMARY LANGUAGE IN THE BILINGUAL BICULTURAL EDUCATION IN ZIMBABWE

The article addresses the question of integrating primary languages into the education systems within bilingual and bicultural settings. It reviews studies undertaken to promote the student's home language and culture in bilingual and bicultural education systems. The policies and possibilities in the Zimbabwean system are examined. The article argues that for a child to be identified with the entire education process, the role played by the child's native culture and language and that of the native language teacher should not be underplayed. It concludes that a synthesis of all the elements of the child's home language and culture equips the child with strong and deep skills that the child will require in operating in a multilingual-cultural environment.
FcRn Rescues Recombinant Factor VIII Fc Fusion Protein from a VWF Independent FVIII Clearance Pathway in Mouse Hepatocytes

We recently developed a longer lasting recombinant factor VIII-Fc fusion protein, rFVIIIFc, to extend the half-life of replacement FVIII for the treatment of people with hemophilia A. In order to elucidate the biological mechanism for the elongated half-life of rFVIIIFc at a cellular level we delineated the roles of VWF and the tissue-specific expression of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in the biodistribution, clearance and cycling of rFVIIIFc. We find the tissue biodistribution is similar for rFVIIIFc and rFVIII and that liver is the major clearance organ for both molecules. VWF reduces the clearance and the initial liver uptake of rFVIIIFc. Pharmacokinetic studies in FcRn chimeric mice show that FcRn expressed in somatic cells (hepatocytes or liver sinusoidal endothelial cells) mediates the decreased clearance of rFVIIIFc, but FcRn in hematopoietic cells (Kupffer cells) does not affect clearance. Immunohistochemical studies show that when rFVIII or rFVIIIFc is in dynamic equilibrium binding with VWF, they mostly co localize with VWF in Kupffer cells and macrophages, confirming a major role for liver macrophages in the internalization and clearance of the VWF-FVIII complex. In the absence of VWF a clear difference in cellular localization of VWF-free rFVIII and rFVIIIFc is observed and neither molecule is detected in Kupffer cells. Instead, rFVIII is observed in hepatocytes, indicating that free rFVIII is cleared by hepatocytes, while rFVIIIFc is observed as a diffuse liver sinusoidal staining, suggesting recycling of free-rFVIIIFc out of hepatocytes. These studies reveal two parallel linked clearance pathways, with a dominant pathway in which both rFVIIIFc and rFVIII complexed with VWF are cleared mainly by Kupffer cells without FcRn cycling. In contrast, the free fraction of rFVIII or rFVIIIFc unbound by VWF enters hepatocytes, where FcRn reduces the degradation and clearance of rFVIIIFc relative to rFVIII by cycling rFVIIIFc back to the liver sinusoid and into circulation, enabling the elongated half-life of rFVIIIFc.