Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Hornsey, Hogg / SIMILARITY AND SUBGROUP RELATIONS Intergroup Similarity and Subgroup Relations: Some Implications for Assimilation

Two studies examined the effects of perceptions of similarity on relations between subgroups (humanities and math-science students) that share an active superordinate category (University of Queensland student). Participants (N = 82) performed a noninteractive task during which perceptions of intersubgroup similarity (high or low) and level of categorization (at the superordinate level or at the superordinate and subgroup levels simultaneously) were manipulated in a 2 X 2 between-groups design. Consistent with social identity theory, participants who had been categorized exclusively at the superordinate level discriminated more against a similar subgroup than a dissimilar one. However, when the subgroup and superordinate categories were activated simultaneously, a trend emerged that was consistent with the similarity-attraction hypothesis. A similar interaction emerged in Study 2 (N = 265), in which perceptions of similarity were measured rather than manipulated. The results were interpreted in terms of the motivation to retain ingroup distinctiveness.
Onkruidbestrijding met wiedbedden minder effectief

Resultaten van tijdstudies op een aantal akkerbouw- en vollegrondsgroentebedrijven naar handmatige onkruidbestrijding in uien en peen bij diverse werkmethoden en onkruiddichtheden. Voor handwieden en wieden met een wiedbed het wiedresultaat, de benodigde tijd, de arbeidsbehoefte per hectare bij varierende onkruidbezetting, en een ergonomische beoordeling aan de hand van de ARBO-checklist 'Kwaliteit van de arbeid'
Soft-magnetic ring core measuring system with a decreased number of primary and secondary winding turns

A computerized measuring system of magnetic properties of soft-magnetic ring cores according to the IEC 404-2 is presented. Special attention is paid to its robustness in order to assure the precise and fast measurement needed in the intensive magnetic component industry. To reduce the connection time of the specimen, the proposed test circuitry-in contrast to other well-known and applied solutions-uses a low number of primary and secondary turns. Such a solution increases demands that need to be fulfilled by a power supply generating the magnetizing current. This paper explains how a sinusoidal magnetic polarization of the core is maintained and introduces solutions to avoid a premagnetized magnetic core and power amplifier instability.
Overcoming HMM Time and Parameter Independence Assumptions for ASR

Understanding continuous speech uttered by a random speaker in a random language and in a variable environment is a difficult problem for a machine. To take into account the context implies a broad knowledge of the world, and this has been the main source of difficulty in speech related research. Only by simplifying the problem – restricting the vocabulary, the speech domain, the way sentences are constructed, the number of speakers, and the language to be used, and controlling the environmental noise – has automatic speech recognition been possible. For modeling temporal dependencies or multi-modal distributions of “real-world” tasks, Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are one of the most commonly used statistical models. Because of this, HMMs have become the standard solution for modeling acoustic information in the speech signal and thus for most current speech recognition systems. When putting HMMs into practice, however, there are some assumptions that make evaluation, learning and decoding feasible. Even if effective, these assumptions are known to be poor. Therefore, the development of new acoustic models that overcome traditional HMM restrictions is an active field of research in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). For instance, the independence and conditional-independence assumptions encoded in the acoustic models are not correct, potentially degrading classification performance. Adding dependencies through expert knowledge and hand tuning can improve models, but it is often not clear which dependencies should be included. Different approaches for overcoming HMM restrictions and for modeling time-domain dependencies will be presented in this chapter. For instance, an algorithm to find the beststate sequence of HSMMs (Hidden Semi-Markov Models) allows a more explicit modeling of context. Durations and trajectory modeling have also been on stage, leading to more recent work on the temporal evolution of the acoustic models. Augmented statistical models have been proposed by several authors as a systematic technique for modeling HMM additional dependencies, allowing the representation of highly complex distributions. These dependencies are thus incorporated in a systematic fashion, even if the price for this flexibility is high. Focusing on time and parameter independence assumptions, we will explain a method for introducing N-gram based augmented statistical models in detail. Two approaches are presented: the first one consists of overcoming the parameter independence assumption by modeling the dependence between the different acoustic parameters and mapping the input
High-Dimensional Graphical Model Selection Using $\ell_1$-Regularized Logistic Regression

We consider the problem of estimating the graph structure associated with a discrete Markov random field. We describe a method based on $\ell_1$-regularized logistic regression, in which the neighborhood of any given node is estimated by performing logistic regression subject to an $\ell_1$-constraint. Our framework applies to the high-dimensional setting, in which both the number of nodes $p$ and maximum neighborhood sizes $d$ are allowed to grow as a function of the number of observations $n$. Our main results provide sufficient conditions on the triple $(n, p, d)$ for the method to succeed in consistently estimating the neighborhood of every node in the graph simultaneously. Under certain assumptions on the population Fisher information matrix, we prove that consistent neighborhood selection can be obtained for sample sizes $n = \Omega(d^3 \log p)$, with the error decaying as $\order(\exp(-C n/d^3))$ for some constant $C$. If these same assumptions are imposed directly on the sample matrices, we show that $n = \Omega(d^2 \log p)$ samples are sufficient.
Listening to the Voices of Today's Undergraduates: Implications for Teaching and Learning.

The landscape of higher education has changed with the presence of a new generation of college students. Current studies do not carry the voices of the new generation known as the Millennials. This article presents the findings of a qualitative study that explored the learning experiences of Millennial-generation undergraduates at a public comprehensive university. The researchers organized a series of focus groups designed primarily to determine how the undergraduates characterize their learning experiences. Five thematic categories of data emerged from the study, providing insights into students' perceptions and motivations. The implications of the findings for teaching and learning are highlighted.
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy is not associated with a reduction in mortality or heart failure hospitalisation in patients with non-left bundle branch block QRS morphology: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objectives Recently published clinical guidelines recommend cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) for patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced LVEF and non-left bundle branch block (non-LBBB) QRS morphology. We sought to define the potential benefit of CRT in these patients through meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that have reported outcomes in patients with non-LBBB QRS morphology. Methods We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for RCTs of CRT that reported outcomes according to QRS morphology. We performed meta-analysis of these RCTs to assess the effect of CRT on the end points of death, HF hospitalisation, and the composite of death and HF hospitalisation. Results Five RCTs were analysed, including 6523 participants (1766 with non-LBBB QRS morphology). CRT was not associated with a reduction in death and/or HF hospitalisation in subjects with non-LBBB QRS morphology (HR 0.99 95% CI 0.82 to 1.20). Conclusions CRT is not associated with a reduction in death or HF hospitalisation in patients with non-LBBB QRS morphology. Wide QRS with non-LBBB morphology remains an area of uncertainty for CRT, which is included in the recent European Society of Cardiology guidelines with a weaker strength of recommendation, but is not supported by a dedicated RCT.
Sequence analysis of a complete 1.66 Mb Prochlorococcus marinus MED4 genome cloned in yeast

Marine cyanobacteria of the genus Prochlorococcus represent numerically dominant photoautotrophs residing throughout the euphotic zones in the open oceans and are major contributors to the global carbon cycle. Prochlorococcus has remained a genetically intractable bacterium due to slow growth rates and low transformation efficiencies using standard techniques. Our recent successes in cloning and genetically engineering the AT-rich, 1.1 Mb Mycoplasma mycoides genome in yeast encouraged us to explore similar methods with Prochlorococcus. Prochlorococcus MED4 has an AT-rich genome, with a GC content of 30.8%, similar to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (38%), and contains abundant yeast replication origin consensus sites (ACS) evenly distributed around its 1.66 Mb genome. Unlike Mycoplasma cells, which use the UGA codon for tryptophane, Prochlorococcus uses the standard genetic code. Despite this, we observed no toxic effects of several partial and 15 whole Prochlorococcus MED4 genome clones in S. cerevisiae. Sequencing of a Prochlorococcus genome purified from yeast identified 14 single base pair missense mutations, one frameshift, one single base substitution to a stop codon and one dinucleotide transversion compared to the donor genomic DNA. We thus provide evidence of transformation, replication and maintenance of this 1.66 Mb intact bacterial genome in S. cerevisiae.
A Cytotoxic Type III Secretion Effector of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Targets Vacuolar H+-ATPase Subunit c and Ruptures Host Cell Lysosomes

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the human pathogenic vibrios. During the infection of mammalian cells, this pathogen exhibits cytotoxicity that is dependent on its type III secretion system (T3SS1). VepA, an effector protein secreted via the T3SS1, plays a major role in the T3SS1-dependent cytotoxicity of V. parahaemolyticus. However, the mechanism by which VepA is involved in T3SS1-dependent cytotoxicity is unknown. Here, we found that protein transfection of VepA into HeLa cells resulted in cell death, indicating that VepA alone is cytotoxic. The ectopic expression of VepA in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae interferes with yeast growth, indicating that VepA is also toxic in yeast. A yeast genome-wide screen identified the yeast gene VMA3 as essential for the growth inhibition of yeast by VepA. Although VMA3 encodes subunit c of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), the toxicity of VepA was independent of the function of V-ATPases. In HeLa cells, knockdown of V-ATPase subunit c decreased VepA-mediated cytotoxicity. We also demonstrated that VepA interacted with V-ATPase subunit c, whereas a carboxyl-terminally truncated mutant of VepA (VepAΔC), which does not show toxicity, did not. During infection, lysosomal contents leaked into the cytosol, revealing that lysosomal membrane permeabilization occurred prior to cell lysis. In a cell-free system, VepA was sufficient to induce the release of cathepsin D from isolated lysosomes. Therefore, our data suggest that the bacterial effector VepA targets subunit c of V-ATPase and induces the rupture of host cell lysosomes and subsequent cell death.
trans-Bis(nitrato-κO)tetrakis(1-vinyl-1H-imidazole-κN 3)copper(II)

In the title compound, [Cu(NO3)2(C5H6N2)4], the CuII ion is located on an inversion centre. It features a Jahn–Teller-distorted octahedral coordination geometry, defined by four N atoms of four 1-vinylimidazole ligands in the equatorial plane and two nitrate O atoms in the axial positions. The nitrate anion is disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.801 (6):0.199 (6) ratio. In the crystal, the complex molecules are linked by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions.
Purification, characterization, gene cloning and preliminary X-ray data of the exo-inulinase from Aspergillus awamori.

Extracellular exo-inulinase has been isolated from a solid-phase culture of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus awamori var. 2250. The apparent molecular mass of the monomer enzyme was 69 +/- kDa, with a pI of 4.4 and a pH optimum of 4.5. The enzyme hydrolysed the beta-(2-->1)-fructan (inulin) and beta-(2-->6)-fructan (levan) via exo-cleavage, releasing fructose. The values for the Michaelis constants K(m) and V(max) in the hydrolysis of inulin were 0.003 +/- 0.0001 mM and 175 +/- 5 micromol.min(-1). mg(-1). The same parameters in the hydrolysis of levan were 2.08 +/- 0.04 mg/ml and 1.2 +/- 0.02 micromol/min per mg, respectively. The gene and cDNA encoding the A. awamori exo-inulinase were cloned and sequenced. The amino acid sequence indicated that the protein belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 32. A surprisingly high similarity was found to fructosyltransferase from Aspergillus foetidus (90.7% on the level of the amino acid sequence), despite the fact that the latter enzyme is unable to hydrolyse inulin and levan. Crystals of the native exo-inulinase were obtained and found to belong to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with cell parameters a=64.726 A (1A=0.1 nm), b=82.041 A and c=136.075 A. Crystals diffracted beyond 1.54 A, and useful X-ray data were collected to a resolution of 1.73 A.
The effects of dieting as usual on weight change and bulimic pathology: experimental evidence

Concerns that dieting increases the risk for bulimia nervosa have prompted criticism of this practice; however, recent experimental studies suggest that dieting results in weight loss and decreased bulimic symptoms. Because the dieting manipulated in these experiments may be unrepresentative of real-world weight-loss dieting, 122 intermittent dieters were randomized to either diet as they usually do for weight loss or eat as they do when not dieting for four weeks to provide a more ecologically valid experimental test of these effects. Results indicated that individuals in the diet as usual condition slowed the weight gain trajectory shown by non-dieting participants, but did not result in significant weight loss. These findings imply that most dieters may simply be curbing a general tendency to overeat when attempting to diet, and that dieters may be eating less than they desire rather than reducing their intake sufficiently to
QUASI-CONCAVE DENSITY ESTIMATION

Maximum likelihood estimation of a log-concave probability density is formulated as a convex optimization problem and shown to have an equivalent dual formulation as a constrained maximum Shannon entropy problem. Closely related maximum Renyi entropy estimators that impose weaker concavity restrictions on the fitted density are also considered, notably a minimum Hellinger discrepancy estimator that constrains the reciprocal of the square-root of the density to be concave. A limiting form of these estimators constrains solutions to the class of quasi-concave densities.
Speaking of shape: The effects of language-specific encoding on semantic representations

Abstract The question of whether different linguistic patterns differentially influence semantic and conceptual representations is of central interest in cognitive science. In this paper, we investigate whether the regular encoding of shape within a nominal classification system leads to an increased salience of shape in speakers' semantic representations by comparing English, (Amazonian) Spanish, and Bora, a shape-based classifier language spoken in the Amazonian regions of Columbia and Peru. Crucially, in displaying obligatory use, pervasiveness in grammar, high discourse frequency, and phonological variability of forms corresponding to particular shape features, the Bora classifier system differs in important ways from those in previous studies investigating effects of nominal classification, thereby allowing better control of factors that may have influenced previous findings. In addition, the inclusion of Spanish monolinguals living in the Bora village allowed control for the possibility that differences found between English and Bora speakers may be attributed to their very different living environments. We found that shape is more salient in the semantic representation of objects for speakers of Bora, which systematically encodes shape, than for speakers of English and Spanish, which do not. Our results are consistent with assumptions that semantic representations are shaped and modulated by our specific linguistic experiences.
Empirically Testing the Mediating Effect of Distributive Justice in the Relationship between Adequacy of Benefits and Personal Outcomes

This study was conducted to examine the effect of adequacy of benefits and distributive justice on personal outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction and organizational commitment) using 583 usable questionnaires gathered from Malaysian public institutions of higher learning (PLEARNINGINSTITUTE sector). The outcomes of step-wise regression analysis showed that the inclusion of distributive justice in the analysis has increased the effect of adequacy of benefits on both job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Furthermore, the findings of this study confirm that distributive justice do act as a partial mediating variable in the benefits program models of the organizational sector sample. In addition, implications and limitations, as well as directions for future research are discussed.
Constructing constructivism: how student- teachers construct ideas of development, knowledge, learning, and teaching

This case study investigates the development of the understanding of constructivist theory among students in a Masters level elementary teacher education program within a particular course. The focus of the study is a seminar entitled ‘Advanced Seminar in Child Development’. The questions explored include: How do students’ ideas of teaching, learning and knowledge develop within the context of their experience in this course? How do they come to understand constructivism? What are their definitions of constructivism? What is the course of the development of this understanding? The nature of the students’ learning processes is examined through three sources of data: dialog journals, videotaped sessions and the instructor’s reflective teaching journal. The study looks both at student development and instructional practice to further understanding of how student‐teachers can learn to apply constructivist theory to their teaching and to understand the learning process, both within themselves and their student.
Mobility training today II: differences in approach

The way in which instructors and learners interact together during training is of crucial importance for the success of that training. In the course of depth interviews with a wide sample of mobility officers, two broad interactive styles were identified. These were client-centred and trainer-centred, reflecting the balance of responsibility for remediation between MO and client. However, it was also found that training methods seemed to vary with training style, particularly with low vision clients. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Tolerance in the City: The Multilevel Effects of Urban Environments on Permissive Attitudes

ABSTRACT: Studies on urbanism often suggest a link between urbanites and increased tolerance. While this claim is usually supported in the literature, most research is hampered by several limitations: it focuses almost exclusively on the United States, it neglects classical arguments that phenomena of urbanism are both macro-level and local, and it does not direct attention to the different mechanisms through which urbanism is believed to operate. In this article, the authors reexamine the tolerance-producing capacity of urbanism by addressing these limitations. Drawing on a large cross-national sample, this study uses multilevel modeling to examine urban factors at both the local and societal level, as well as two measures of tolerance to account for the different forms it might take depending on competing conceptualizations. Findings are that local urban environments promote tolerance cross-nationally, and that societal level urbanization is significantly associated with tolerance, but the effect is not always positive. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these patterns and their impact on our understanding of urban tolerance.
MRPB: Memory request prioritization for massively parallel processors

Massively parallel, throughput-oriented systems such as graphics processing units (GPUs) offer high performance for a broad range of programs. They are, however, complex to program, especially because of their intricate memory hierarchies with multiple address spaces. In response, modern GPUs have widely adopted caches, hoping to providing smoother reductions in memory access traffic and latency. Unfortunately, GPU caches often have mixed or unpredictable performance impact due to cache contention that results from the high thread counts in GPUs. We propose the memory request prioritization buffer (MRPB) to ease GPU programming and improve GPU performance. This hardware structure improves caching efficiency of massively parallel workloads by applying two prioritization methods-request reordering and cache bypassing-to memory requests before they access a cache. MRPB then releases requests into the cache in a more cache-friendly order. The result is drastically reduced cache contention and improved use of the limited per-thread cache capacity. For a simulated 16KB L1 cache, MRPB improves the average performance of the entire PolyBench and Rodinia suites by 2.65× and 1.27× respectively, outperforming a state-of-the-art GPU cache management technique.
High-index overlay for high reflectance DBR gratings in LiNbO/sub 3/ channel waveguides

A thin overlay of high refractive index material is used to obtain high reflectance DBR waveguides in lithium niobate. Silicon, deposited by e-beam evaporation, is found to be a suitable material for this purpose because of its high refractive index, transparency to 1.3- and 1.5-/spl mu/m wavelengths, opacity to the visible spectrum, and ease of etching. Experimental results match the theory extremely well and, to the best of our knowledge, exhibit the highest reflection per unit length from a lithium niobate corrugated waveguide reported to date on on insulator technology, waveguide filters.
Projecting IPv 6 Packet Forwarding Characteristics Under Internet-wide Deployment

While routing table growth, its impact, and causes have been examined extensively for IPv4, little work in this direction exists for IPv6. This paper is the first step at examining performance aspects of IPv6 packet forwarding. We do so by using a software implementation of various packet forwarding algorithms used by routers and running them against IPv6 tables. In the lack of a wide deployment of IPv6, we generate IPv6 routing entries based on IAB allocation recommendations. We simulate growth of routing tables due to new prefix allocations and under partial deployment scenarios. Additionally, we consider factors that inflate routing table sizes artificially. These include load balancing, multihoming, and failure to aggregate aggregatable prefixes. We conclude that if modern routers were to simply replace their IPv4 prefixes with an equivalent number of IPv6 prefixes, without changing anything else, an average lookup in the routing table will be 67% more expensive. Further, the IPv6 routing table will require at least 4.5 times more memory to store the same number of prefixes.