Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L'apprentissage de l'orthographe d'usage et ses troubles dans la dyslexie développementale de surface

Word spelling performance of normal children from the first to the fifth grade was analysed and compared with the performance of children having a reading and spelling impairment characteristic of surface dyslexia. The quantitative analysis of their productions for word spelling to dictation showed that the performance of children with surface dyslexia was very similar to that of younger control children of the same reading level. The qualitative analysis of the erroneous spellings showed that for children with surface dyslexia, knowledge of the phonology-to-orthography correspondences was comparable to that of chronological-age-matched children. In contrast, the lexical knowledge of children with surface dyslexia was very poor and close to that of very beginning readers. The results suggest that the spelling deficit associated with developmental surface dyslexia results from a cognitive disorder that prevents the establishment of specific lexical spelling knowledge.
Software Engineering in the Era of Parallelism

We are in the era of parallelism: Multicore processors with several cores on the same chip are standard. Fundamental changes in mainstream software development are required, because parallelism is now the key to better performance on every PC, laptop, or embedded device. Every performance-critical application – not just supercomputing applications – has to be parallel in order to exploit the hardware potential. The great challenge is now how to make parallel programming easier for average programmers. This paper presents an overview of my research directions, thoughts, and visions for the field of multicore software engineering, to make parallelism accessible to a large number of developers, scalable, portable, and applicable in novel scenarios. In particular, I will highlight contributions to auto-tuning, programming models, debugging techniques, as well as insights from empirical studies, working towards the goal of making parallel programming easier. 1 Parallelism Changes the Game The computer science community agrees that we are at an inflection point [1]: Parallelism is available on every desktop at low cost. Every PC, laptop, or embedded device is a truly parallel machine. Regular processors have 4, 8, or 12 cores. Intel presented the Single Chip Cloud Computer prototype with 48 cores on one chip; CISCO had already in 2005 a packet processing chip with 192 cores. Recent graphics cards have over 300 cores that can be used on every PC to speed up data parallel computations. Looking at these developments, it is not hard to believe projections that mainstream processors will soon have hundreds of cores on one chip. We need to take advantage of this horsepower! In the past, parallel computers used to be expensive and typically accessible to scientists only. Why are they are now affordable for everyone? Processor clock rate increases have reached technical limits, mainly due to heat and power consumption, as shown in Figure 1 (a). We have to go parallel in hardware to increase performance; this is possible because the number of transistors on the same chip can still grow. What is different from parallel computing in the past? It’s not only the ubiquity of parallel hardware, but also some other subtle improvements. Multicore processors share cores as well as other resources, such as cache memory and busses, all on on the same chip (see Figure 1 (b)). This difference has important implications for communication and other overhead, ultimately influencing when parallelization pays off. We are given a new chance in which the break-even sweet spot of parallel performance is moved to a potentially more favorable location, and parallelism becomes applicable in scenarios and fields in everyday life that were never considered before. In addition, we also have new opportunities to exploit parallelism in-the-small, e.g., on a PC or in the pocket cell phone, not just in large-scale distributed systems or supercomputer clusters. 100.000 1.000. 000 10.000. 000
Characterization of phenol biodegradation by Comamonas testosteroni ZD4-1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZD4-3.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristic and biochemical mechanism about the phenol biodegradation by bacterial strains ZD 4-1 and ZD 4-3. METHODS Bacterial strains ZD 4-1 and ZD 4-3 were isolated by using phenol as the sole source of carbon and energy, and identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The concentrations of phenol and total organic carbon (TOC) were monitored to explore the degradation mechanism. The biodegradation intermediates were scanned at 375 nm by using a uv-vis spectrophotometer. The enzyme assays were performed to detect the activities of dioxygenases. RESULTS Bacterial strains ZD 4-1 and ZD 4-3 were identified as Comamonas testosteroni and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 16S rDNA sequence analysis, respectively. The growth of the two strains was observed on a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons. The strains ZD 4-1 and ZD 4-3 metabolized phenol via ortho-pathways and meta-pathways, respectively. In addition, the results of enzyme assays showed that the biodegradation efficiency of phenol by meta-pathways was higher than that by ortho-pathways. Finally, the results of induction experiment indicated that the catechol dioxygenases, both catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C120) and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C230), were all inducible. CONCLUSION The strains ZD 4-1 and ZD 4-3 metabolize phenol through ortho-pathways and meta-pathway, respectively. Furthermore, the biodegradation efficiency of phenol by meta-pathways is higher than that by ortho-pathways.
In vivo imaging of hydrogen peroxide production in a murine tumor model with a chemoselective bioluminescent reporter

Living organisms produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to kill invading pathogens and for cellular signaling, but aberrant generation of this reactive oxygen species is a hallmark of oxidative stress and inflammation in aging, injury, and disease. The effects of H2O2 on the overall health of living animals remain elusive, in part owing to a dearth of methods for studying this transient small molecule in vivo. Here we report the design, synthesis, and in vivo applications of Peroxy Caged Luciferin-1 (PCL-1), a chemoselective bioluminescent probe for the real-time detection of H2O2 within living animals. PCL-1 is a boronic acid-caged firefly luciferin molecule that selectively reacts with H2O2 to release firefly luciferin, which triggers a bioluminescent response in the presence of firefly luciferase. The high sensitivity and selectivity of PCL-1 for H2O2, combined with the favorable properties of bioluminescence for in vivo imaging, afford a unique technology for real-time detection of basal levels of H2O2 generated in healthy, living mice. Moreover, we demonstrate the efficacy of PCL-1 for monitoring physiological fluctuations in H2O2 levels by directly imaging elevations in H2O2 within testosterone-stimulated tumor xenografts in vivo. The ability to chemoselectively monitor H2O2 fluxes in real time in living animals offers opportunities to dissect H2O2’s disparate contributions to health, aging, and disease.
The Challenging Experience Questionnaire: Characterization of challenging experiences with psilocybin mushrooms

Acute adverse psychological reactions to classic hallucinogens (“bad trips” or “challenging experiences”), while usually benign with proper screening, preparation, and support in controlled settings, remain a safety concern in uncontrolled settings (such as illicit use contexts). Anecdotal and case reports suggest potential adverse acute symptoms including affective (panic, depressed mood), cognitive (confusion, feelings of losing sanity), and somatic (nausea, heart palpitation) symptoms. Responses to items from several hallucinogen-sensitive questionnaires (Hallucinogen Rating Scale, the States of Consciousness Questionnaire, and the Five-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness questionnaire) in an Internet survey of challenging experiences with the classic hallucinogen psilocybin were used to construct and validate a Challenging Experience Questionnaire. The stand-alone Challenging Experience Questionnaire was then validated in a separate sample. Seven Challenging Experience Questionnaire factors (grief, fear, death, insanity, isolation, physical distress, and paranoia) provide a phenomenological profile of challenging aspects of experiences with psilocybin. Factor scores were associated with difficulty, meaningfulness, spiritual significance, and change in well-being attributed to the challenging experiences. The factor structure did not differ based on gender or prior struggle with anxiety or depression. The Challenging Experience Questionnaire provides a basis for future investigation of predictors and outcomes of challenging experiences with classic hallucinogens.
Improving AdaBoost Detection Rate by Wobble and Mean Shift ∗

This paper describes a postprocessing algorithm for improving the performance of a detection system, i.e. to increase the detection rate and simultaneously decrease the number of false positives. In order to increase the detection rate we propose to use an approach called wobble, i.e. applying small random affine transformations to the image and repeating the detection step. To decrease the false positive rate we propose a fast variant of a scale adaptive mean shift algorithm. We test the proposed algorithm on a car detection task using the well known AdaBoost algorithm.
Increasing surface ozone concentrations in the background atmosphere of Southern China, 1994–2007

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone is of great importance with regard to air quality, atmospheric chemistry, and climate change. In this paper we report the first continuous record of surface ozone in the background atmosphere of South China. The data were obtained from 1994 to 2007 at a coastal site in Hong Kong, which is strongly influenced by the outflow of Asian continental air during the winter and the inflow of maritime air from the subtropics in the summer. Three methods are used to derive the rate of change in ozone. A linear fit to the 14-year record shows that the ozone concentration increased by 0.58 ppbv/yr, whereas comparing means in years 1994–2000 and 2001–2007 gives an increase of 0.87 ppbv/yr for a 7-year period. The ozone changes in air masses from various source regions are also examined. Using local wind and carbon monoxide (CO) data to filter out local influence, we find that ozone increased by 0.94 ppbv/yr from 1994–2000 to 2001–2007 in air masses from Eastern China, with similar changes in the other two continent-influenced air-mass groups, but no statistically significant change in the marine air. An examination of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) column obtained from GOME and SCIAMACHY reveals an increase in atmospheric NO2 in China's three fastest developing coastal regions, whereas NO2 in other parts of Asia decreased during the same period, and no obvious trend over the main shipping routes in the South China Sea was indicated. Thus the observed increase in background ozone in Hong Kong is most likely due to the increased emissions of NO2 (and possibly volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well) in the upwind coastal regions of mainland China. The CO data at Hok Tsui showed less definitive changes compared to the satellite NO2 column. The increase in background ozone likely made a strong contribution (81%) to the rate of increase in "total ozone" at an urban site in Hong Kong, suggesting the need to consider distant sources when developing long-term strategies to mitigate local ozone pollution.
Modelling Time and Macroeconomic Dynamics

In this paper, we analyze the importance of the frequency of decision making for macroeconomic dynamics. We explain how the frequency of decision making (period length) and the unit of time measurement (calibration frequency) differ and study the implications of this difference for macroeconomic modelling. We construct a generic dynamic general equilibrium model that nests a wide range of macroeconomic models and which leaves the period length as an undetermined parameter. We provide a series of examples (variations of the Cass-Koopmans and the New Keynesian models) that fit into this framework and use these to do comparative dynamics with respect to the period length. In particular, we analyze local stability and how this is affected by changes in the period length. We find that in models with endogenous capital accumulation, as the period gets longer, indeterminacy occurs less often. Moreover, as economic agents become less patient and as capital depreciates more, indeterminacy also occurs less often. We also show that, in the case of the New Keynesian model, standard continuous and discrete time versions have entirely different local stability properties due to a discontinuity at zero period length.
Heterogeneity and the Longitudinal Recovery of Functioning During Inpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation for Treatment-Refractory Severe Mental Illness

Introduction. Few studies adequately capture the heterogeneity of severe mental illness (SMI) in recovery outcomes. In this study, we examine the between-person and within-person variance in the longitudinal recovery of key functional domains during a comprehensive inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation program for a severe, treatment-refractory population with SMI. Method. We reviewed clinical assessment data collected over 10 years from an inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation program in the Midwestern United States. Multilevel modeling techniques were applied to examine the between-person and within-person variance in baseline functioning, rates of change, and recovery of social functioning, neurocognition, social cognition, and the reduction of psychiatric symptoms in participants with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (N = 180) over a 12-month period. Results. After considering heterogeneous features at admission, significant overall improvement was evident in social functioning, neurocognition, and psychiatric symptoms. The recovery of social cognition improved at different rates across individuals, and there was an overall improvement in this domain over time. Discussion. SMI is characterized by significant heterogeneity in the recovery of functioning. Despite the between-person and within-person variance at baseline and over time, individualized comprehensive psychiatric rehabilitation can effectively enable the most disabled persons with SMI recover key domains of functioning.
Different Patterns in Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy Adaptations in Untrained Individuals Undergoing Non-Periodized and Periodized Strength Regimens.

This study investigated the effects of non-periodized (NP), traditional periodization (TP) and daily undulating (UP) regimens on muscle strength and hypertrophy in untrained individuals. Thirty-three recreationally active males were randomly divided into four groups: NP: n = 8; TP: n = 9; UP: n = 8 and control group (C): n = 8. Experimental groups underwent a 12-week strength-training program consisting of two sessions per week. Muscle strength and quadriceps cross-sectional area (QCSA) were assessed at baseline, 6-wk (i.e. mid-point) and after 12-wk. All training groups increased squat 1RM from pre to 6-wk mid (NP: 17.02%, TP: 7.7% and UP: 12.9%, p≤0.002) and pre to post 12-wk (NP: 19.5%, TP: 17.9% and UP: 20.4%). TP was the only group that increased squat 1RM from 6-wk mid to 12-wk period (9.4%, p≤0.008). All training groups increased QCSA from pre to 6-wk mid (NP: 5.1%, TP: 4.6% and UP: 5.3%, p≤0.0006) and from pre to post 12-wk (NP: 8.1%, TP: 11.3% and UP: 8.7%). From 6-wk mid to 12-wk period, TP and UP were the only groups that increased QCSA (6.4% and 3.7%, p≤0.02). There were no significant changes for all dependent variables in C group across the time (p≥0.05). In conclusion, our results demonstrated similar training-induced adaptations after 12-wk of NP and periodized regimens. However, our findings suggest that in the latter half of the study (i.e. after the initial 6 weeks), the periodized regimens elicited greater rates of muscular adaptations compared to NP. Strength coaches and practitioners should be aware that periodized regimens might be advantageous at latter stages of training even for untrained individuals.
Prediction of Specific Types of Physical Activity Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

Most previous research on physical activity using Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has assessed the generic term exercise rather than the specific behaviors involved in physical activity. TPB variables for six common types of physical activity were obtained from 233 participants. Both affective and instrumental components of attitude were assessed. Except in the case of walking, multiple regression analyses revealed that intentions for each physical activity type were influenced by affective attitude and perceived behavioral control. Behavior, however, was predicted by intentions alone. In comparison with other types of activity, the TPB accounted for modest amounts of variance in both walking intentions and behavior, with attitudes making no contribution to walking intentions. Discussion focuses on the measurement of physical activity and the implications for health promotion of the poor modeling of walking.
Real-time dynamic singularity avoidance while visual servoing of a dual-arm space robot

Singularity of robotic manipulators is an important issue in the stability and control of autonomous robotic systems. This paper presents a real-time dynamic singularity avoidance approach for such autonomous free-floating space robots where visual servoing is used as feedback in the control loop. The proposed method uses manipulability measure as distance criteria and does not require any prior knowledge of singular configurations. Velocities in task space are projected on a surface of constant manipulability measure to avoid singular configurations. Numerical experiments are carried out, to validate the proposed method, on a 6-Degrees-of-Freedom dual-arm space robot mounted on a service satellite.
Biomimetic Strategies for Sensing Biological Species

The starting point of modern biosensing was the application of actual biological species for recognition. Increasing understanding of the principles underlying such recognition (and biofunctionality in general), however, has triggered a dynamic field in chemistry and materials sciences that aims at joining the best of two worlds by combining concepts derived from nature with the processability of manmade materials, e.g., sensitivity and ruggedness. This review covers different biomimetic strategies leading to highly selective (bio)chemical sensors: the first section covers molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) that attempt to generate a fully artificial, macromolecular mold of a species in order to detect it selectively. A different strategy comprises of devising polymer coatings to change the biocompatibility of surfaces that can also be used to immobilized natural receptors/ligands and thus stabilize them. Rationally speaking, this leads to self-assembled monolayers closely resembling cell membranes, sometimes also including bioreceptors. Finally, this review will highlight some approaches to generate artificial analogs of natural recognition materials and biomimetic approaches in nanotechnology. It mainly focuses on the literature published since 2005.
An approach to the formal specification of lingware

This paper has two purposes. First, it suggests a formal approach for specifying and verifying lingware. This approach is based on a unified notation of the main existing formalisms for describing linguistic knowledge (i.e. Formal Grammars, Unification Grammars, HPSG, etc.) on the one hand, and the integration of data and processing on the other. Accordingly, a lingware specification includes all related aspects in a unified framework. This facilitates the development of a lingware system, since one has to follow a single development process instead of two separate ones. Secondly, it presents an environment for the formal specification of lingware, based on the suggested approach, which is neither restricted to a particular kind of application nor to a particular class of linguistic formalisms. This environment provides interfaces enabling the specification of both linguistic knowledge and functional aspects of a lingware system. Linguistic knowledge is specified with the usual grammatical formalisms, whereas functional aspects are specified with a suitable formal notation. Both descriptions will be integrated into the same framework to obtain a complete requirement specification that can be refined towards an executable program.
Maintenance of sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation; sotalol vs bisoprolol.

AIMS The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of sotalol and bisoprolol in the maintenance of sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. METHODS Patients (n=128) were randomized to sotalol (80 mg b.i.d.) or bisoprolol (5 mg x day(-1)). Patients with contraindications to beta-blockers, class III antiarrhythmic drugs or prior treatment with use of study medication for prevention of atrial fibrillation were excluded. Follow-up clinical evaluation was performed 1 day and 1 month after cardioversion and thereafter at 3-month intervals. RESULTS There were no group differences in baseline clinical characteristics. After a follow-up of 12 months, 59% of all patients were still in sinus rhythm. The fraction remaining in sinus rhythm was calculated for the two groups by Kaplan--Meier analysis. During follow-up, 41% of patients on sotalol and 42% on bisoprolol developed atrial fibrillation (ns). In two patients (3.1%) on sotalol, life-threatening proarrhythmias (torsade de pointes tachycardias) occurred, whereas none were found in the bisoprolol group. Symptomatic bradycardias occurred in two patients on sotalol and three on bisoprolol. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that sotalol (160 mg x day(-1)) and bisoprolol (5 mg x day(-1)) are equally effective in maintaining sinus rhythm. Because of the side effects of sotalol, bisoprolol seems to be advantageous for maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation.