Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the trust status of the nurse–patient relationship

Background: Professional nurses provide holistic healthcare to people and deal with patients closely. Furthermore, patients need nurses to do self-care and patients trust them for their treatments. Therefore, trust is extremely important in a professional care relationship and in satisfactory patient outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the patients’ views on the trust status toward nurses and the factors important for the development of trust in a nurse–patient relationship. Research design: This research was planned as a descriptive cross-sectional study. Participants and research context: The study was carried out between April and July 2014 at the oncology hospital of a university in Ankara, Turkey. The sample size was calculated by power analysis and was composed of 356 inpatients diagnosed with cancer. For data collection, a questionnaire and the “Trust in Nurses Scale” were used. From the hospital and written informed consent obtained from participating patients: Approval from the University Clinical Research Ethics Committee was obtained. Written approval was obtained from the hospital and consent letter from the patients. Findings: The average score on the scale was 24.5 ± 3.9, meaning that patients had a high level of trust toward nurses in this hospital. The patients who were in the 50–59 age group and men had statistically higher scores compared with other groups. Patients’ answers revealed that themes of “Personal and Professional Characteristics” were important when developing trust, however “Mistreatment, Professional Incapability, and Communication Problem” were important causing mistrust toward the nurses. Conclusion: In this study, the nurses’ professional competencies and interpersonal caring attributes emerged as most important in developing trust. This study paid attention to the values and attitudes that develop patients’ trust toward nurses. Moreover, the findings raise ethical questions about how the patients’ basic rights are to be protected and how their trust level can be heightened. Nurse managers need to assess continuously how trust toward nurses is developed, protected, and maintained in their institutions.
Time compression diseconomies in accelerated global alliances

This paper aims at identifying practices that help managers to cope with two opposing forces related to global alliance management: the desirable gradual development of the alliance – due to time compression diseconomies in trust formation – and the need to accelerate this development in order to react quickly to the challenges of a global market. On the basis of a single case study, we show that several practices can be used to guarantee that acceleration does not put in danger either trust formation or other sources of relational rents.
M-Commerce Implementation in Nigeria: Trends and Issues

Nigeria was described as the fastest growing telecoms nation in Africa and the third in the World. The country had experienced a phenomenal growth from a teledensity of 0.49 in 2000 to 25.22 in 2007. This trend has brought about a monumental development in the major sectors of the economy, such as banking, telecoms and commerce in general. This paper presents the level of adoption of ICT in the banking sector and investigates the prospects of m-Commerce in Nigeria based on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis. Findings revealed that all banks in Nigeria offer e-Banking services and about 52% of the offer some forms of m-Banking services. The banks and the telecoms operators have enormous potentials and opportunities for m-Commerce but the level of patronage, quality of cell phones, lack of basic infrastructure and security issues pose a major threat to its wide scale implementation.
Optimal design of ripple-free deadbeat controllers based on an ITSE index

This paper describes an optimal ripple-free dead-beat controller for SISO linear sampled-data plant models. A step reference is assumed and the deadbeat horizon is considered to be one of the designer's choices. The cost function to be minimized is a cumulative index that penalizes the time-weighted squared tracking error (i.e., it corresponds to an ITSE cost term). The corresponding optimization problem turns out to be convex, leading to closed form solutions. Examples are included to illustrate the main results.
A HIGH‐DENSITY SCAN OF THE Z CHROMOSOME IN FICEDULA FLYCATCHERS REVEALS CANDIDATE LOCI FOR DIVERSIFYING SELECTION

Theoretical and empirical data suggest that genes located on sex chromosomes may play an important role both for sexually selected traits and for traits involved in the build‐up of hybrid incompatibilities. We investigated patterns of genetic variation in 73 genes located on the Z chromosomes of two species of the flycatcher genus Ficedula, the pied flycatcher and the collared flycatcher. Sequence data were evaluated for signs of selection potentially related to genomic differentiation in these young sister species, which hybridize despite reduced fitness of hybrids. Seven loci were significantly more divergent between the two species than expected under neutrality and they also displayed reduced nucleotide diversity, consistent with having been influenced by directional selection. Two of the detected candidate regions contain genes that are associated with plumage coloration in birds. Plumage characteristics play an important role in species recognition in these flycatchers suggesting that the detected genes may have been involved in the evolution of sexual isolation between the species.
Marmoset lymphoblastoid cells as a sensitive host for isolation of measles virus

B95-8, an Epstein-Barr virus-transformed marmoset B-lymphoblastoid cell line, and its derivative B95a, capable of attachment to a substrate surface, were 10,000-fold more sensitive to measles virus present in clinical specimens than were Vero cells. B95-8 and B95a cells were thus thought to be useful host cells for the isolation of measles virus. Quantitation of measles virus present in clinical specimens showed that a large quantity of virus, exceeding 10(6) 50% tissue culture infective doses per ml of a nasal-swab eluate, is shed into secretions by patients with acute measles, consistent with the contagiousness of the disease. Measles viruses isolated in B95a cells differed in some biological properties from those adapted to Vero cells. First, the viruses isolated in B95a cells did replicate in Vero cells, but release into the fluid phase was less efficient than that of Vero cell-adapted viruses. Second, minor antigenic differences were found between virus strains isolated in B95a cells and those isolated in Vero cells from the same clinical specimens. Third, the viruses isolated and propagated in B95a cells caused clinical signs in experimentally infected monkeys resembling those of human measles. It was suspected that measles virus is subject to host cell-mediated selection and that the viruses grown in B95a cells are more representative of measles virus circulating among humans than are the viruses selected in Vero cells.
CROSS REACTIVITY BETWEEN H‐2K AND H‐2D PRODUCTS: II. IDENTIFICATION OF THE CROSS REACTING SPECIFICITIES

Absorption analyses were conducted on antisera which had previously been shown to detect cross reactivity between the H-2K and H-2D gene products. These analyses revealed that the cross reactions were due to known public H-2 specificities. Identification of cross reactive anti-H-2.3 and anti-H-2.5 antibodies confirmed earlier predictions that genes controlling these specificities should be localized at opposite ends of the H-2 complex. The finding of H-2.29 activity on both sides of the S region clarified ambiguities encountered in assigning this specificity to certain recombinant types. Results with H-2.36 support the suggestion that this determinant may also be specified by both H-2K and H-2D genes.
The Impact of Multiple Component Reporting on Tax Compliance and Audit Strategies

Prior studies of the strategic interaction between taxpayers and the tax authority have focused on reported net taxable income and on audit policies designed to discover potential misstatement of that single item. This paper extends the literature by modeling taxpayer compliance behavior and tax authority audit strategies within the context of a multidimensional report of taxable income. Specifically, the study analyzes the impact of component reporting requirements on taxpayer incentives to misstate their tax liability. It also allows the tax authority to tailor its audit policy to consider all tax return information. In particular, the model permits the tax authority to audit return components sequentially: the investigation of a second component is conditional on the results of the first component's audit. The study finds that partitioning taxable income into a multi‐component report reduces overall tax evasion and increases tax authority net revenue collections relative to a singlereport model of net .
A ROLE FOR RESEARCH IN INITIAL TEACHER EDUCATION ADMISSIONS: A CASE STUDY FROM ONE CANADIAN UNIVERSITY

This article argues for the importance of broad and on-going research to support initial or pre-service teacher education program admissions. Examples from a large initial teacher education program at one Canadian university illustrate the contributions of research to the evaluation and refinement of admission processes. These examples include anonymous surveys and confidential interviews of current pre-service teachers about their experiences of answering application questions about their social identity, how they decided to apply to and attend the program, and their expectations of teacher education and teaching. Research studies about the perspectives of and agreement among the application raters are also discussed. Finally, how the operational needs of the admission processes shape the research agenda and the emerging research findings in turn shape the admission processes is explored.
Exercise plasma catecholamines in dogs: role of adrenals and cardiac nerve endings.

The plasma norepinephrine concentration (NE, ng . ml-1) in the pulmonary artery of dogs increased above resting values (0.22 +/- 0.04) for moderate (0.53 +/- 0.06) and severe exercise (1.45 +/- 0.23) and during prolonged exercise of moderate intensity (2.06 +/- 0.14). The plasma epinephrine concentration (E) increased above resting values (0.14 +/- 0.04) for severe exercise only (0.76 +/- 0.10) or when moderate exercise was prolonged (1.81 +/- 0.24). The E response, which appeared greater than that found in humans, is probably related to the species difference in the vasomotor response to exercise between humans and dogs, the latter not being subjected to compensatory vasoconstriction in nonworking areas. The activity of the adrenal medulla is confirmed by the plasma catecholamine (CA) gradient between proximal and distal posterior vena cava at rest (0.20 +/- 0.09) and during short- (0.35 +/- 0.08) and long-duration exercise (1.37 +/- 0.23). On the contrary, the heart is not a source of plasma CA in dogs: coronary sinus CA did not exceed aortic CA at rest and for moderate exercise and was lower than aortic CA for severe exercise (4.80 +/- 0.25 vs. 6.55 +/- 0.76 ng . ml-1). The sources of plasma NE remain unclear in exercising dogs. Significant amounts of NE may be released by the adrenal medulla.
Investigation of Selected Baseline Removal Techniques as Candidates for Automated Implementation

Observed spectra normally contain spurious features along with those of interest and it is common practice to employ one of several available algorithms to remove the unwanted components. Low frequency spurious components are often referred to as ‘baseline’, ‘background’, and/or ‘background noise’. Here we examine a cross-section of non-instrumental methods designed to remove background features from spectra; the particular methods considered here represent approaches with different theoretical underpinnings. We compare and evaluate their relative performance based on synthetic data sets designed to exemplify vibrational spectroscopic signals in realistic contexts and thereby assess their suitability for computer automation. Each method is presented in a modular format with a concise review of the underlying theory, along with a comparison and discussion of their strengths, weaknesses, and amenability to automation, in order to facilitate the selection of methods best suited to particular applications.
Breast Carcinoma–associated Fibroblasts Share Similar Biomarker Profiles in Matched Lymph Node Metastasis

This study sought to understand the role of breast carcinoma–associated fibroblasts in the progression of cancer cells into lymph nodes. We compared fibroblasts of primary tumors and matched the involved lymph nodes to select fibroblast activation markers, namely &agr;-smooth muscle actin (&agr;-SMA), S100A4, and vimentin, as well as to determine the frequency of transforming growth factor &bgr;1, a pleiotropic cytokine that induces the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and its downstream effectors: CXCR4 and p-AKT. We disposed samples of 80 primary invasive ductal carcinomas and matched the involved lymph nodes from 43 cases into 3 tissue microarrays, and analyzed stromal and tumor epithelial cells separately by immunohistochemistry. Control uninvolved lymph nodes were analyzed by whole-tissue sections. Cancer-associated fibroblast in lymph nodes with macrometastasis expressed similar profiles of vimentin, &agr;-SMA, and S100A4 as those found in primary tumors. Cancer-associated fibroblast were uniformly estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER-2, Ki-67, and p53 negative, but expressions of transforming growth factor &bgr;1 (TGF&bgr;1), CXCR4, and p-AKT staining (62.3%, 52.4%, 65%, respectively) were equivalent between primary and lymph node metastasis (LNM) fibroblasts. A significant coexpression of TGF&bgr;1 with p-AKT and CXCR4 in LNMs suggested the involvement of these proteins with TGF&bgr;1 signaling. These biomarkers, including &agr;-SMA and S100A4, were negative in fibroblasts of cancer-free lymph nodes, with the exception of vimentin. Our finding that expressions of biological markers were similar in fibroblasts of the primary tumors and in matched LNMs, but were absent in cancer-free lymph nodes, supports the assumption that the lymph node stroma mimics the microenvironment observed in primary tumors.
Physical and morphological characteristics of eucaryotic ribosomes and lipopolysaccharide complexes

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Pasteurella multocida or Brucella abortus were complexed with Aspergillus fumigatus ribosomes by mixing and fixation for 3 days in 3.8% formaldehyde. To investigate the nature of their physical association, ribosomes, LPS, and ribosome-LPS complexes were (i) centrifuged in CsCl gradients to determine buoyant densities, (ii) examined by electron microscopy, and (iii) monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ribosomes were found to bind to LPS from either P. multocida or B. abortus, producing complexes with densities of 1.45 to 1.50 g/ml. The buoyant density of the fixed ribosomes was 1.54 g/ml, and the buoyant densities of the fixed P. multocida and B. abortus LPS were 1.41 and 1.35 g/ml, respectively. Electron microscopy showed that formaldehyde-fixed ribosomes were attached to the LPS. Complexing of ribosomes to LPS may be of importance as a potentiator or carrier for experimental subunit vaccines.
A question of social sustainability: Urban interventions in critical neighbourhoods in Portugal and Norway

Urban interventions in deprived neighbourhoods rank high on the agenda in European countries. This article explores what aspects of targeted urban-area interventions involve and appreciate local people during the intervention process so that they become motivated to continue to take care of and develop their area afterwards. Local social sustainability stands out as a necessary prerequisite for continued upkeep of upgraded urban neighbourhoods. The analysis builds on a ‘most different approach’, a comparison of interventions in the far south (Lisbon) and north (Oslo) of Europe. The article concludes that in addition to relevant goals and progress, local support was conditioned on how goals, organization and participation were worked out and implemented.
Modelling Short-Break Holiday Destination Choices

This paper presents the results of a stated choice modelling study of the factors underlying holiday destination choices. The study comprises the analysis of short-break holiday choices by tourists from Sydney, Australia in the context of six destination regions. The response data reflect the way the attributes of competing destinations influence Sydney residents' destination choices. The modelling of these choices enables estimation of the trade-offs between varying levels of destination attributes. This includes estimation of the implicit prices of attribute changes, which are reported in this paper. The simulated market share effects of selected changes in destination attributes and respondent characteristics are also presented.
Nonlinear Model-predictive Control of Wiener-type Systems in Continuous-time Domain Using a Fuzzy - system Function Approximation

This paper presents a method of continuous-time model predictive control for nonlinear Wiener-type systems. The system's output nonlinear mapping is approximated by the means of fuzzy systems, and is inherently incorporated in the predictive control scheme; thus, inverting the output function is not necessary. The predictive control law is derived in an analytical form to avoid the problems with non-convex optimization in each time step. A simulation experiment is conducted to present the control quality in the case of a pH-neutralization process with a heavily nonlinear output mapping.
The economic significance of trading based on the size effect in Australia

It is generally accepted within the extant literature that a size effect exists, whereby smaller firms tend to experience higher rates of return than those of large firms. This small size effect is identified in a number of studies over a variety of equity markets. Despite this, however, no study to date considers the dollar profits attainable by executing a trading strategy that constructs a portfolio based on stocks within the lowest market capitalization decile. Specifically, this paper seeks to identify the existence of a size effect in Australia, but, moreover, attempts to ascertain if a dollar profit can be obtained from executing a trading strategy based on small market capitalization stocks. In doing this, we consider all stocks listed on the Australian stock exchange, and use volume and bid-ask prices to account for liquidity and transactions costs, respectively. Overall, our regression analysis confirms the existence of a size effect within the Australian equity market. However, in executing a trading strategy based on stocks with low market capitalization, we find that after accounting for liquidity and transaction costs the profits obtainable are extremely small and statistically insignificant. This suggests that while the firm size effect exists, the illiquidity and relatively large transaction costs of small stocks eliminate the potential for economic profits.
Teaching object orientation: patterns and reuse

The paper describes an advanced undergraduate "object oriented programming" subject that has the aim of developing good software engineering practices with regard to reusable designs and reusable components. The subject utilizes framework class libraries. A simplified framework, embodying many of the design patterns from more complex frameworks, is used to provide an introduction to frameworks. Assignments for the subject give students practice in reusing components (such as collection classes), standard design patterns (such as command handler chains), and complete designs for applications as provided by the frameworks.
An efficient background prediction algorithm for infrared dim target detection

Base on the characteristic analysis of infrared(IR) image target under the strong clutter background, a dim target detecting algorithm was proposed. Background predictor is selected automatically based on Local area of the image texture features, and the estimated image subtracted from the source image gave the residual image, then a improved threshold selection algorithm based on the two-dimensional exponent entropy is used to segment the residual image. The experiment results show that the algorithm is able to quickly extract the target, reduce the false alarm rate, and greatly improve the performance of detecting dim targets.
The Diffusion of Government Microblogging

Abstract Governments across many countries are adopting new social media (e.g. twitter), and police departments are engaging in the bandwagon too. We empirically examine the spread of police microblogging in Chinese municipal police departments from the perspective of organizational innovation diffusion. The results show that government size, internet penetration rate, regional diffusion effects and upper-tier pressure are positively and significantly associated with the adoption and earliness of police microblogging, whereas fiscal revenue, economic development and openness, E-government and public safety have no significant effects. We also find that police microblogging diffusion is contingent on different variables at different phases.
Proximate context of gender-unequal norms and women's HIV risk in sub-Saharan Africa

Objective:To determine whether the proximate context of gender-unequal norms about violence against women undermines women's ability to negotiate condom use in sexual relationships. Design:Secondary analysis of cross–sectional data pooled from 22 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods:Each of the 22 surveys employed a multistage stratified design with probabilistic sampling and was designed to be nationally representative of reproductive-age women. The outcome was self-reported condom use at last sexual intercourse. The primary explanatory variable of interest was a scale consisting of five questions about whether the respondent agreed with the appropriateness of wife beating under five different scenarios. To measure the proximate context of norms about violence against women, this scale was aggregated to the level of the primary sampling unit. We fit logistic regression models with cluster-correlated robust standard errors and adjustment for country-level fixed effects and sociodemographic characteristics. Results:Our analysis sample included data from 198 806 sexually active women living in 22 sub-Saharan African countries. The wife-beating scale was internally consistent (Cronbach's &agr; = 0.84), and factor analysis confirmed the presence of a single factor. Condom use was associated with gender-unequal contextual norms about violence against women (adjusted odds ratio = 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.85–0.92; P < 0.001). The estimated association was robust to adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and several sensitivity analyses. Conclusions:The proximate context of gender-unequal norms about violence against women is associated with lack of condom use among women in sub-Saharan Africa.