Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate-Fumaric Acid Coupled Addition on the In Vitro Rumen Fermentation with Special Regard to Methanogenesis

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of sodium lauryl sulfate-fumaric acid coupled addition on in vitro methangenesis and rumen fermentation. Evaluation was carried out using in vitro gas production technique. Ruminal contents were collected from five steers immediately after slaughtering and used for preparation of inoculums of mixed rumen microorganisms. Rumen fluid was then mixed with the basal diet of steers and used to generate four treatments, negative control (no additives), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) treated, fumaric acid treated, and SLS-fumaric acid coupled addition treated. The results revealed that, relative to control, efficiency in reduction of methanogenesis was as follows: coupled addition > SLS-addition > fumaric acid addition. Both SLS-addition and SLS-fumaric acid coupled addition demonstrated a decremental effect on ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N), total short chain volatile fatty acids (SCVFAs) concentrations and the amount of substrate degraded, and an increment effect on microbial mass and microbial yield (YATP). Nevertheless, fumaric acid did not alter any of the previously mentioned parameters but induced a decremental effect on NH3–N. Furthermore, both fumaric acid and SLS-fumaric acid coupled addition increased propionate at the expense of acetate and butyrate, while, defaunation increased acetate at the expense of propionate and butyrate. The pH value was decreased by all treatments relative to control, while, cellulase activity did not differ by different treatments. The current study can be promising strategies for suppressing ruminal methane emissions and improving ruminants feed efficiency.
Work Values in the Second Generation of Gender Equality Pioneers: A Case Study from Norway

This article explores work values in a generational context. Sons and daughters of couples that made untraditional choices in sharing the provider role in Norway in the 1970s were interviewed about work–family adaptation, work motivation and working time preferences. These issues are discussed theoretically in relation to gender socialization in the family as well as to opportunity structures created by welfare state policies. The findings lend support to the generational transmission thesis in that those whose parents made the most radical choices concerning gender equality were more inclined than the others to opt for unconventional solutions. However, the atypical pattern of husband and wife both working part time was reproduced only exceptionally. Irrespective of family background, nearly all interviewees adapted to the pattern of work–family articulation that welfare state policies encourage in working full time or close to full time. Men and women were found to hold similar values with respect to careers. Nearly all would prefer to work fewer hours while work motivation and preferences about the structure of working time differed according to gender.
The role of speaker identification in Korean university students' attitudes towards five varieties of English

This study investigates how the attitudes of 60 Korean university students towards five varieties of English are affected by the identification of the speaker's nationality and ethnicity. The study employed both a verbal guise technique and questions eliciting overt beliefs and preferences related to learning English. While the majority of the students stated that American English was the variety that should be taught and learned in Korea, this preference did not necessarily extend to ratings of an American speaker unless they were informed of her nationality. Listeners who were informed about the nationality/ethnicity of the speakers tended to rate European-American and Korean English speakers higher and British and African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) speakers lower than did listeners who were not informed. Listeners who were asked to guess speakers' ethnicities often identified the AAVE speaker as being from a non-Inner Circle country, suggesting that stigmatised native accents are not very salient to this group; Australian English was also not salient. The finding that speaker identification plays a role in the evaluation of a variety has implications for the interpretation of verbal guise studies and suggests the need for more research into how listeners evaluate speakers in everyday situations when they typically know more about the speaker.
FEV1/FEV6 in Primary Care Is a Reliable and Easy Method for the Diagnosis of COPD

BACKGROUND: FEV6 can be used as a convenient alternative to FVC. The aim of this study was to determine an alternative to the fixed cutoff points of FEV1/FVC <0.70 suitable for FEV1/FEV6 in primary care. METHODS: Pulmonary function testing was conducted on volunteers recruited from 4 community centers in Xi'an, China, between July and August 2012. Participants underwent 3 FVC maneuvers. The maneuver with the best FEV1 was retained. FVC, FEV1, and FEV6 were measured by portable spirometer. The receiver operating characteristic curves that corresponded to the optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity for FEV1/FEV6 were determined. A kappa test was used to compare the agreement between FEV1/FVC and FEV1/FEV6. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were also calculated. RESULTS: A total of 767 volunteers participated in this study, of whom 297 were male and 470 were female. Considering FEV1/FVC <0.70 as the accepted standard for COPD, the area under the curve was 98% (P < .001), and the FEV1/FEV6 cutoff, corresponding to the greatest sum of sensitivity and specificity, was 0.72. For the total population, the FEV1/FEV6 sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 96.9, 98.8, 95.8, and 99.2%, respectively. The agreement between the 2 cutoff points was excellent, and the kappa value was 0.954. CONCLUSIONS: FEV1/FEV6 <0.72 can be used in primary care as a valid alternative to FEV1/FVC <0.70 as a fixed cutoff point for the detection of COPD in adults. This study suggests that FEV1/FEV6 is an effective and well validated option that should be used in primary care to detect COPD, which is a rampant problem.
Adaptive Two-Level Matching-Based Selection for Decomposition Multi-Objective Optimization

The balance between convergence and diversity is a key issue of evolutionary multi-objective optimization. The recently proposed stable matching-based selection provides a new perspective to handle this balance under the framework of decomposition multi-objective optimization. In particular, the stable matching between subproblems and solutions, which achieves an equilibrium between their mutual preferences, implicitly strikes a balance between the convergence and diversity. Nevertheless, the original stable matching model has a high risk of matching a solution with a unfavorable subproblem which finally leads to an imbalanced selection result. In this paper, we propose an adaptive two-level stable matching-based selection for decomposition multi-objective optimization. Specifically, borrowing the idea of stable matching with incomplete lists, we match each solution with one of its favorite subproblems by restricting the length of its preference list during the first-level stable matching. During the second-level stable matching, the remaining subproblems are thereafter matched with their favorite solutions according to the classic stable matching model. In particular, we develop an adaptive mechanism to automatically set the length of preference list for each solution according to its local competitiveness. The performance of our proposed method is validated and compared with several state-of-the-art evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms on 62 benchmark problem instances. Empirical results fully demonstrate the competitive performance of our proposed method on problems with complicated Pareto sets and those with more than three objectives.
Anomalous divergence of a relaxation time in discontinuous shear thickening suspensions

We investigated the transient relaxation of a Discontinuous Shear Thickening (DST) suspension of cornstarch in water. Starting from a steady shear in a parallel plate rheometer, we stopped the top plate rotation and measured the transient stress relaxation. We found that at low effective packing fraction $\phi_{eff}$, the suspensions exhibited a relaxation behavior consistent with a rheometric fluid in which the relaxation is determined by the steady-state viscosity. However, for larger $\phi_{eff}$, we find up to two exponential relaxation regimes, which both become distinct from the rheometric model. The discrepancy between the measured relaxation times and the rheometric prediction was found to be as large as 4 orders of magnitude and diverges in the limit as $\phi_{eff} \rightarrow \phi_c$, corresponding to the liquid solid transition, as the measured relaxation times diverge to infinity while the rheometric prediction approaches 0. In this limit, the measured relaxation time scales are on the order of $\sim 1$ s, which may be important to understanding the dynamic phenomenon exhibited by DST suspensions. We also showed that using the shear rate $\dot\gamma_c$ at the onset of shear thickening to characterize the effective packing fraction $\phi_{eff}$ can more precisely characterize material properties near $\phi_c$. This conversion to $\phi_{eff}$ can also be used to compare experiments done in other laboratories or under different temperature and humidity conditions on a consistent $\phi_{eff}$ scale at our reference temperature and humidity environment.
Southern Bodies and Disability: re-thinking concepts

Abstract Re-making disability studies from the global South requires a major reconsideration of concepts. Southern perspectives are emerging across the social sciences and humanities, and are now an important resource for disability studies. Impairment has to be understood in the context of the violence of colonisation and neocolonial power. The global dynamics of capitalist accumulation, and of hierarchical gender relations, change the material character and meaning of disability. Global society has to be understood as embodied, and social embodiment as a reality-forming (ontoformative) process, not a system-maintaining one. The intellectual, cultural and social resources of colonised and postcolonial societies provide vital resources for disability politics.
Transitive be perfect : An experimental study of Canadian English

Abstract This article investigates exemplars of the transitive be perfect in Canadian English, such as I am done dinner and I am finished my homework. I report on an experimental study of acceptability judgments of this construction, given by speakers of Canadian English primarily recruited from the Calgary area. I claim that the construction [be done NP] is characterized by preference for the animacy of the subject, preference for definiteness of the direct object, open-endedness of the direct object slot, and limited variability of the participle. I conclude that [be done NP] is a partially schematic construction that is close to a “prefab”.
Using Rorschach CS Narrative Responses of the MOA Scale to Construct and Share Patient’s Model Scenes

The Mutuality of Autonomy Scale (MOAS; Urist, 1977; Urist & Shill, 1982) provides a summary measure of a patient’s repertoire of previous interpersonal interactions. It lends empirical support for the hypothesized salience of object representations, including the patient’s subjective relational experience being an integral facet of personality. It also enhances the therapist’s capacity to access the patient’s inner relational world during the consulting sessions by activating the capacity to think metaphorically. Rorschach narrative responses included in the MOAS are useful in detecting initial representations of a patient’s relational modalities, in sharing the same verbalization, and in helping to construct the initial model scene. This entails significant communication from the patient about his or her life. These scenes can be used by the therapist and the patient to “depict something previously unknown, starting from what is known. ” The purpose of using MOAS responses is to give the patient some init.
A comparison of the home and social environments of children of alcoholic and non-alcoholic parents.

Summary The home environments of 32 children of alcoholic parents and 22 children with neither parent alcoholic are compared. The home environments of the children of alcoholics show diminished global functioning. In particular they are characterized by marital conflict, parent-child conflict, poor adaptive functioning on the part of the parents and in some cases by physical abuse. Out of the 32 children with alcoholic parents, a majority of the children received 1 or more DSM-III diagnoses. A comparison of the home environments of the children of alcoholics with and without psychiatric diagnoses shows that the homes of the ‘disturbed’ children are characterized by a greater exposure to the effects of parental drinking, more parent-child conflict and less parent-child interaction than the homes of children who received no diagnoses.
‘When the doors of Hell close’: Dimensions of well-being and positive adjustment in a group of Palestinian children living amidst military and political violence

Palestinian children living amidst political and military violence are often labeled as affected by post-traumatic stress syndromes. Some researchers report that a majority of Palestinian children suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder and other stress-related psychiatric impairments in the wake of military incursions and bombings. On the other hand, data from field research and clinical experience show that these children continue to display positive functioning in terms of adjustment to trauma, despite the adverse environmental conditions. This article reports on qualitative research with children from two refugee camps in the West Bank, Occupied Palestinian Territories: Nur Shams and Tulkarm. Thematic content analysis was applied to narratives and written materials produced by 74 school-age children during two summer camps held in the Tulkarm region in 2010 and 2011. The aims of the study were: (a) to explore the domains of well-being that help children cope with violence and insecurity and (b) to investigate whether experiential activities focused on emotional and relational competences influenced children’s self-perceived well-being. Personal, environmental, micro- and macro-social factors were identified as playing a role in well-being. The article discusses the limitations of the study and its implications for clinical and community work with children exposed to political and military threat.
Full-Duplex Backscatter Interference Networks Based on Time-Hopping Spread Spectrum

Future Internet-of-Things (IoT) is expected to wirelessly connect billions of low-complexity devices. For wireless information transfer (IT) in IoT, high density of IoT devices and their ad hoc communication result in strong interference, which acts as a bottleneck on wireless IT. Furthermore, battery replacement for the massive number of IoT devices is difficult if not infeasible, making wireless energy transfer (ET) desirable. This motivates: 1) the design of full-duplex wireless IT to reduce latency and enable efficient spectrum utilization and 2) the implementation of passive IoT devices using backscatter antennas that enable wireless ET from one device (reader) to another (tag). However, the resultant increase in the density of simultaneous links exacerbates the interference issue. This issue is addressed in this paper by proposing the design of full-duplex backscatter communication (BackCom) networks, where a novel multiple-access scheme based on time-hopping spread-spectrum is designed to enable both one-way wireless ET and two-way wireless IT in coexisting backscatter reader-tag links. Comprehensive performance analysis of BackCom networks is presented in this paper, including forward/backward bit-error rates and wireless ET efficiency and outage probabilities, which accounts for energy harvesting at tags, non-coherent and coherent detection at tags and readers, respectively, and the effects of asynchronous transmissions.
A Formally Verified NAT

We present a Network Address Translator (NAT) written in C and proven to be semantically correct according to RFC 3022, as well as crash-free and memory-safe. There exists a lot of recent work on network verification, but it mostly assumes models of network functions and proves properties specific to network configuration, such as reachability and absence of loops. Our proof applies directly to the C code of a network function, and it demonstrates the absence of implementation bugs. Prior work argued that this is not feasible (i.e., that verifying a real, stateful network function written in C does not scale) but we demonstrate otherwise: NAT is one of the most popular network functions and maintains per-flow state that needs to be properly updated and expired, which is a typical source of verification challenges. We tackle the scalability challenge with a new combination of symbolic execution and proof checking using separation logic; this combination matches well the typical structure of a network function. We then demonstrate that formally proven correctness in this case does not come at the cost of performance. The NAT code, proof toolchain, and proofs are available at [58].
Psychopathy: Heredity and Environment

Nothing indicates that the disease or condition we today call "psychopathy" has not been prevalent as far back in the history of mankind as have psychosis, mental retardation, and neurosis. Once psychosis and mental deficiency had been delimited, psychiatrists became interested in describing and classifying those conditions that could not be ascribed to either psychosis, mental deficiency, or gross neurological damage. The real pioneer of today's psychiatry, Philippe Pinel (1801), contributed to the concept of psychopathy, which he described as manie sans delireinsanity without symptoms of delirium or delusions. Pinel wrote: "I was much astonished to observe several insane persons who never presented any lesion of their intellect and who were dominated by a sort of instinctual rage, as if the affective abilities alone were damaged. " Esquirol and other French psychiatrists developed Pinel's concept further. The culmination was Morel's 1859 treatise in which he outlined a hierarchy of hereditary degeneration: If the first generation of ill people showed even a simple increase of their parents' nervous temperament, then the following generations would be worse and worse. The fourth generation would include the most defective individuals, idiots and cretins. Psychopathy, as defined today, would probably appear in the second generation.
Personality traits, personality disorders and sensational interests in mentally disordered offenders

Purpose. Sensational interests (e.g. an interest in the occult or the methods of violence) in mentally disordered offenders are claimed to signify greater risk of psychopathology, but evidence to support this view is slight. Methods. The relationships between self-reported DSM-IV personality disorder (PD), general personality traits and sensational interests were examined in 155 of 167 consecutively referred offenders to a forensic psychology service. The subscales of the PD and personality trait measures were reduced to the four basic PD/trait dimensions (asocial, antisocial, anxious and anankastic) using cone rmatory factor analysis. Results. Those high on the ‘ antisocial’ factor (which was primarily dee ned by low Agreeableness, low Conscientiousness, and substantial elements of Paranoid, Antisocial and Borderline PD) were more interested in ‘ violent-occult’ and militaristic topics. Conclusions. The aspects of the antisocial factor primarily associated with an interest in sensational and potentially violent topics cover a wide range of putative disorders. However, the factors ree ecting asocial, anxious or anankastic disorders do not show a reliable association with measures of sensational interests. These results suggest that the personality dimensions ree ecting an interest in ‘ sensational’ topics in mentally disordered offenders are relatively specie c.
In cell amplification.

The localisation of cellular DNA and RNA sequences in human tissues has greatly facilitated our understanding of disease processes. More than any other technique, in situ hybridisation (ISH) allowed this to be accomplished. However, ISH does not stand alone and must be taken in the context of other developments in cellular and molecular biology that preceded and post-dated its introduction. Today, the repertoire of in situ hybridisation has been extended to include: DNA in situ hybridisation with double stranded DNA probes, oligo DNA probes and peptide nucleic acid probes (PNAs); RNA in situ hybridisation with riboprobes, oligoprobes and cDNA probes; and the newer techniques of in cell ampliﬁcation, including DNA polymerase chain reaction ISH (DNA PCR ISH), labelled primer driven DNA in situ ampliﬁcation (LPD ISA), DNA/PNA PCR ISH, RNA reverse transcription PCR ISH (RT PCR ISH), labelled primer driven in situ RNA ampliﬁca-tion (LPD ISRA), and isothermal in situ ampliﬁcation techniques including in situ isothermal replication (IS 3SR). The marriage of PCR technology and in situ hybridisation now allows single copy mammalian gene detection and extremely sensitive mRNA detection. In this review, we analyse the historical background to in cell ampliﬁcation, the discovery of non-isotopic ISH (NISH), PCR, and early techniques that were used for DNA and RNA ampliﬁcation. We will then outline detection sensitivity issues and review the major in cell ampliﬁcation techniques. Like most new molecular biological systems, there has be an explosion of newly described modiﬁ-cations, many of which we will review. Finally, we will present realistic alternative techniques that give equally sensitive results with in cell PCR ampliﬁcation and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each system.
Digital predistortion of amplitude varying phased array utilising over-the-air combining

In this paper, we propose a simple polynomial linearisation technique for nonlinear phased arrays including amplitude control. Due to the large number of antennas and thus power amplifiers in the array, it is inefficient to linearise each power amplifier individually. Therefore, it is demonstrated that the array can be linearised over-the-air using single polynomial. The simulations show that the linearisation is achieved by first linearising the higher driven PAs at the precompression region and then cancelling the compression by the heavily expanding lower driven PAs. The proposed approach offers an alternative way of re-thinking the concept of array linearisation over multiple PAs.
Partitioning Range Images Using Curvature and Scale 2 Curvature Scale-space

We present a method for partitioning a set of surface estimates obtained with a laser range nding system into subsets corresponding to parts of an object. Our strategy uses two complementary representations for surfaces: one that describes local structures in terms of di erential properties (e.g. edges, lines, contours) and the other that represents the surface as a collection of smooth patches at di erent scales. By enforcing a consistent interpretation between these two representations, it is possible to derive a partitioning algorithm that is both e cient and robust.