Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approach to Designing Chemistry Education using Authentic Practices as Contexts

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. We discuss how to reduce the incongruence between the outcomes (both cognitive and affective) of the conventional secondary chemistry curriculum and what is to be attained: the meaningful connection of students' learning to daily life and societal issues. This problem is addressed by a design study with one curriculum unit about " Water Quality ". With several research cycles using developmental research, we developed an emergent understanding about an instructional framework for curriculum units that embodies a coherent " need-to-know " principle and is based on authentic practices. Using this framework we show with some other examples how a context-based chemistry curriculum can be constructed based on the developed " need-to-know " principle. Introduction Many students experience the chemistry curriculum as abstract, difficult to learn, and unrelated to the world in which they live (De Vos, Bulte, & Pilot, 2002; Osborne & Collins, 2001). Context-based chemistry curricula are considered a way to resolve these unsatisfactory outcomes of conventional school chemistry, especially with respect to the affective domain. The assumption is that recognizable contexts appeal to students and provide for a " need-to-know " basis for the chemical concepts to be learned. Through the context, students are expected to give meaning to the chemical concepts they learn. This strategy has been followed since the 1970s and 1980s for physics (see, e. Several context-based approaches claim that, through the underlying instructional framework, the contexts raise questions in students and make them see the reason for extending their knowledge. Such an instructional framework therefore has to embody a " need-to-know " principle: the context must legitimize the learning of chemical theory from the perspective of the students and thus make their learning intrinsically meaningful. However, the extent to which the " …
Functional Virtual Flow Cytometry: A Visual Analytic Approach for Characterizing Single-Cell Gene Expression Patterns

We presented a novel workflow for detecting distribution patterns in cell populations based on single-cell transcriptome study. With the fast adoption of single-cell analysis, a challenge to researchers is how to effectively extract gene features to meaningfully separate the cell population. Considering that coexpressed genes are often functionally or structurally related and the number of coexpressed modules is much smaller than the number of genes, our workflow uses gene coexpression modules as features instead of individual genes. Thus, when the coexpressed modules are summarized into eigengenes, not only can we interactively explore the distribution of cells but also we can promptly interpret the gene features. The interactive visualization is aided by a novel application of spatial statistical analysis to the scatter plots using a clustering index parameter. This parameter helps to highlight interesting 2D patterns in the scatter plot matrix (SPLOM). We demonstrated the effectiveness of the workflow using two large single-cell studies. In the Allen Brain scRNA-seq dataset, the visual analytics suggested a new hypothesis such as the involvement of glutamate metabolism in the separation of the brain cells. In a large glioblastoma study, a sample with a unique cell migration related signature was identified.
Analysis and Synthesis of Quantum Circuits by Using Quantum Decision Diagrams

Quantum information processing technology is in its pioneering stage and no proficient method for synthesizing quantum circuits has been introduced so far. This paper introduces an effective analysis and synthesis framework for quantum logic circuits. The proposed synthesis algorithm and flow can generate a quantum circuit using the most basic quantum operators, i.e., the rotation and controlled-rotation primitives. The paper introduces the notion of quantum factored forms and presents a canonical and concise representation of quantum logic circuits in the form of quantum decision diagrams (QDD's), which are amenable to efficient manipulation and optimization including recursive unitary functional bi-decomposition. This paper concludes by presenting the QDD-based algorithm for automatic synthesis of quantum circuits
Optimal reconstruction of inviscid vortices

We address the question of constructing simple inviscid vortex models that optimally approximate realistic flows as solutions of an inverse problem. Assuming the model to be incompressible, inviscid and stationary in the frame of reference moving with the vortex, the ‘structure’ of the vortex is uniquely characterized by the functional relation between the streamfunction and vorticity. It is demonstrated how the inverse problem of reconstructing this functional relation from data can be framed as an optimization problem which can be efficiently solved using variational techniques. In contrast to earlier studies, the vorticity function defining the streamfunction–vorticity relation is reconstructed in the continuous setting subject to a minimum number of assumptions. To focus attention, we consider flows in three-dimensional axisymmetric geometry with vortex rings. To validate our approach, a test case involving Hill's vortex is presented in which a very good reconstruction is obtained. In the second example, we construct an optimal inviscid vortex model for a realistic flow in which a more accurate vorticity function is obtained than produced through an empirical fit. When compared with available theoretical vortex-ring models, our approach has the advantage of offering a good representation of both the vortex structure and its integral characteristics.
Shape from Shading Based on Lax-Friedrichs Fast Sweeping and Regularization Techniques With Applications to Document Image Restoration

In this paper, we describe a 2-pass iterative scheme to solve the general partial differential equation (PDE) related to the Shape-from-Shading (SFS) problem under both distant and close point light sources. In particular, we discuss its applications in restoring warped document images that often appear in the daily snapshots. The proposed method consists of two steps. First the image irradiance equation is formulated as a static Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation and solved using a fast sweeping strategy with Lax-Friedrichs Hamiltonian. However, abrupt errors may arise when applying to real document images due to noises in the approximated shading image. To reduce the noise sensitivity, a minimization method thus follows to smooth out the abrupt ridges in the initial result and produce a better reconstruction. Experiments on synthetic surfaces show promising results comparing to the ground truth data. Moreover, a general framework is developed, which demonstrates that the SFS method can help to remove both geometric and photometric distortions in warped document images for better visual appearance and higher recognition rate.
eXtreme Design with Content Ontology Design Patterns

In this paper, we present eXtreme Design with Content Ontology Design Patterns (XD): a collaborative, incremental, iterative method for pattern-based ontology design. We also describe the first version of a supporting tool that has been implemented and is available as a plugin for the NeOn Toolkit. XD is defined in the context of a general approach to ontology design based on patterns, which is also briefly introduce in this work.
Gender Differences in Depression among Undergraduates from Seventeen Islamic Countries

In this study we investigated gender differences in depression among volunteer undergraduates ( N = 8,538) recruited from 17 Islamic countries. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) was used in its Arabic form for all groups except the Pakistan group, which used the English version. Results indicated that there are significant gender differences in 9 of the Islamic countries in which females tended to be higher in depression, namely: Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Pakistan, Algeria, Oman, Qatar, Morocco, and Kuwait. However, males scored significantly higher than females in Saudi Arabia, while there were no significant gender differences in depression in Lebanon, Tunisia, Palestine, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Jordan, and Sudan. The salient gender differences were interpreted in the light of a socialization process; especially sex-typing and gender roles.
Identification and queuing vehicles using wireless network communication

This paper describes about identification vehicles system for police or soldier of government using to improve performance of checkpoint station security on streets. The system display information and queuing vehicles using wireless network communication based on XBee modules. Overlapping signal of wireless network and RSSI intensity using to design the system. The results with personal car and pickup truck, the maximum distance from a vehicle connect to network of checkpoint about 160 meters. The performance depend on checkpoint position and some material of vehicles.
Discovery at a distance: Farther journeys in predication space

In this paper we extend the Predication-based Semantic Indexing (PSI) approach to search efficiently across triple-predicate pathways in a database of predications extracted from the biomédical literature by the SemRep system. PSI circumvents the combinatorial explosion of possible pathways by converting the task of traversing individual predications into the task of measuring the similarity between composite concept vectors. Consequently, search time for single, double or triple predicate paths is identical once the relevant concept vectors have been constructed. This paper describes the application of PSI to infer double and triple predicate pathways connecting example pairs of therapeutically related drugs and diseases; and to use these inferred pathways to guide search for treatments for other diseases. In an evaluation of the utility of vector-based dual- and triple-predicate path search in a simulated discovery experiment, these approaches are found to be complementary, with best performance obtained through their application in combination.
Which hat are you wearing today? Enabling perspectives while learning computer science

Computer science has a wide variety of applications in a wide variety of fields. Yet computer science education focuses primarily on the theoretician's perspective. We believe that if a variety of perspectives are brought in during learning, learners' intrinsic motivation can be increased, and learning computer science can be made more engaging and personalized. In this work-in-progress paper, we propose the concept of `hats' for augmenting computer science learning material with different perspectives. Hats are different perspectives which can be donned by the learner while learning computer science. We propose examples of hats such as Programmer, Historian, Job Seeker, Troubleshooter and Visualizer. To enable the use of hats while learning, we propose a web-based interface to augment base learning content such as textbooks with additional learning content classified under different hats. To provide scale in populating hats, we propose algorithms to automatically find content from the internet that can be categorized under different hats. We also present the results from a pilot study conducted using the hats interface.
Cdx2 homeoprotein inhibits non-homologous end joining in colon cancer but not in leukemia cells

Cdx2, a gene of the paraHox cluster, encodes a homeodomain transcription factor that plays numerous roles in embryonic development and in homeostasis of the adult intestine. Whereas Cdx2 exerts a tumor suppressor function in the gut, its abnormal ectopic expression in acute leukemia is associated to a pro-oncogenic function. To try to understand this duality, we have hypothesized that Cdx2 may interact with different protein partners in the two tissues and set up experiments to identify them by tandem affinity purification. We show here that Cdx2 interacts with the Ku heterodimer specifically in intestinal cells, but not in leukemia cells, via its homeodomain. Ku proteins do not affect Cdx2 transcriptional activity. However, Cdx2 inhibits in vivo and in vitro the DNA repair activity mediated by Ku proteins in intestinal cells. Whereas Cdx2 does not affect the recruitment of Ku proteins and DNA-PKcs into the DNA repair complex, it inhibits DNA-PKcs activity. Thus, we report here a new function of Cdx2, acting as an inhibitor of the DNA repair machinery, that may contribute to its tumor suppressor function specifically in the gut.
Soluble N‐cadherin stimulates fibroblast growth factor receptor dependent neurite outgrowth and N‐cadherin and the fibroblast growth factor receptor co‐cluster in cells

A chimeric molecule consisting of the extracellular domain of the adhesion molecule, N‐cadherin, fused to the Fc region of human IgG (NCAD‐Fc) supports calcium‐dependent cell adhesion and promotes neurite outgrowth following affinity‐capture to a tissue culture substrate. When presented to cerebellar neurons as a soluble molecule, the NCAD‐Fc stimulated neurite outgrowth in a manner equivalent to that seen for N‐cadherin expressed as a cell surface glycoprotein. Neurons expressing a dominant‐negative version of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor did not respond to soluble NCAD‐Fc. In cells transfected with full‐length N‐cadherin and the FGF receptor, antibody‐clustering of N‐cadherin resulted in a co‐clustering of the FGF receptor to discrete patches in the cell membrane. The data demonstrate that the ability of N‐cadherin to stimulate neurite outgrowth can be dissociated from its ability to function as a substrate associated adhesion molecule. The N‐cadherin and the FGF receptor co‐clustering in cells provides a basis for the neurite outgrowth response stimulated by N‐cadherin being dependent on FGF receptor function.
Fostering the capacity for distributed leadership: a post-heroic approach to leading school improvement

Principals are being encouraged to distribute leadership to increase schools’ organizational capacities, and enhance student growth and learning. Extant research on distributed leadership practices provides an emerging basis for adopting such approaches. Yet, relatively less attention has been paid to examining the principal’s role in fostering the leadership capacities of others to create the capacity for distributed leadership. In this article, we examine the specific practices of six high school principals who fostered the leadership capacities of 18 other leaders in their respective schools. Our findings illustrate the key steps these principals undertook in identifying potential leaders, creating leadership opportunities for them, facilitating their role transitions and providing them with continuous support.
Are basal reading manuals providing for the gifted reader

Basal reading manuals have been found to be utilized with gifted readers (Cagney & Sakiey, 1984). Therefore, this study attempted to determine if the eight components delineated to be more important to gifted than nongifted readers by reading and gifted educators in the Dole and Adams (1983) study were included in basal materials. Three basal series were examined and it was found that seven of the eight components were included, mainly in the enrichment section of the manual. Therefore, basal manuals can meet the needs of gifted readers if utilized appropriately.
SwarmGuide: Towards Multiple-Query Optimization in Graph Databases

Preliminaries. A graph database G is a finite, directed, edge-labeled, multigraph defined by G = 〈N,Σ,E〉, where N is a finite set of nodes (vertices), Σ is a set of labels, E is a set of directed, labeled edges, and E ⊆ N ×Σ×N . A path p in G is defined as a sequence of n0a0n1 · · · nk−1ak−1nk where ni ∈ N , ai ∈ Σ, and 〈ni, ai, ni+1〉 ∈ E for 0 ≤ i ≤ k. We call the sequence of edge labels Σ∗ of a particular path p the word, ω(p) that p induces. A regular path rp is a path in the graph where ω(rp) is a word in a given regular language L(reg) (e.g., ω(rp) ∈ L(reg)). A regular path query (RPQ) [2] is a triple 〈x, reg, y〉 in which x and y are free variables over the domain of nodes, and reg is a regular expression. An answer of an RPQ is a node-pair 〈s, t〉 (s, t ∈ N) such that there is a path p in G between s and t and ω(p) ∈ L(reg). The answer set of an RPQ is the set of all its answers. The RDF data model and SPARQL query language instantiate these concepts. With the introduction of property paths in SPARQL 1.1, the query language encompasses RPQs. For our examples in this paper, we adopt SPARQL syntax.
Comet and target ghost: techniques for selecting moving targets

Numerous applications such as simulations, air traffic control systems, and video surveillance systems are inherently composed of spatial objects that move in a scene. In many instances, users can benefit from tools that allow them to select these targets in real-time, without having to pause the dynamic display. However, selecting moving objects is considerably more difficult and error prone than selecting stationary targets. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of several techniques that assist in selecting moving targets. We present Comet, a technique that enhances targets based on their speed and direction. We also introduce Target Ghost, which allows users to select a static proxy of the target, while leaving the motion uninterrupted. We found a speed benefit for the Comet in a 1D selection task in comparison to other cursor and target enhancements. For 2D selection, Comet outperformed Bubble cursor but only when Target Ghost was not available. We conclude with guidelines for design.
A dual-conversion-gain video sensor with dewarping and overlay on a single chip

Automotive sensors such as video-reversing cameras demand excellent low-light performance whilst also being able to handle full sunlight. Furthermore, the wide-angle-lens systems employed in such cameras introduce optical distortion, and the cameras are often mounted low down on the vehicle, making the picture hard to interpret. Figure 2.8. 1 is a block diagram of a sensor system-on-a-chip (SSoC), combining a CMOS video sensor having excellent lowlight performance with spatial-processing circuitry to correct optical warping and adjust perspective, together with an overlay circuit to further assist the vehicle driver, producing NTSC video. Figure 2.8. 7 shows the die micrograph with a breakdown of the various areas; the die are is 6.4×7.3mm2.
The pathogen-related yeast protein Pry1, a member of the CAP protein superfamily, is a fatty acid-binding protein

Members of the CAP superfamily (cysteine-rich secretory proteins, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1 proteins), also known as SCP superfamily (sperm-coating proteins), have been implicated in many physiological processes, including immune defenses, venom toxicity, and sperm maturation. Their mode of action, however, remains poorly understood. Three proteins of the CAP superfamily, Pry1, -2, and -3 (pathogen related in yeast), are encoded in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. We have shown previously that Pry1 binds cholesterol in vitro and that Pry function is required for sterol secretion in yeast cells, indicating that members of this superfamily may generally bind sterols or related small hydrophobic compounds. On the other hand, tablysin-15, a CAP protein from the horsefly Tabanus yao, has been shown to bind leukotrienes and free fatty acids in vitro. Therefore, here we assessed whether the yeast Pry1 protein binds fatty acids. Computational modeling and site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the mode of fatty acid binding is conserved between tablysin-15 and Pry1. Pry1 bound fatty acids with micromolar affinity in vitro, and its function was essential for fatty acid export in cells lacking the acyl-CoA synthetases Faa1 and Faa4. Fatty acid binding of Pry1 is independent of its capacity to bind sterols, and the two sterol- and fatty acid-binding sites are nonoverlapping. These results indicate that some CAP family members, such as Pry1, can bind different lipids, particularly sterols and fatty acids, at distinct binding sites, suggesting that the CAP domain may serve as a stable, secreted protein domain that can accommodate multiple ligand-binding sites.
A Novel Overmodulation and Field Weakening Strategy for Direct Torque Control of Induction Machines

This paper presents a new simple overmodulation strategy in direct torque control (DTC) of induction machines. The strategy increases the inverter voltage limit and therefore extends the constant torque region. The minor modification on the conventional flux weakening method is also introduced to improve the torque capability in the field weakening region and hence improving the operation over a wide speed range. These strategies are implemented with a DTC-constant switching frequency (CSF) based system. To perform the DTC-CSF in overmodulation mode, the flux error status is modified before it is being fed to the voltage vector selection table. With this proposed strategy, a single-mode overmodulation based on stator flux vector control with smooth PWM to six-step transition is developed. This strategy also proposes a dynamic overmodulation to obtain fast torque transient with six-step operation including the field weakening region. The proposed strategy has been verified through computer simulations and shown to improve the torque capability of DTC induction motor drives with a fast dynamic torque response.
Factors Associated With Muscle Strength Among Rural Community-Dwelling Older Women in Southern Brazil

Background and Purpose:Muscle strength is an important predictor of disability, mortality, and health complications among older adults. The objective of this study was to verify the sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and health conditions associated with inadequate muscle strength in older women in a rural community in the South of Brazil. Methods:This was a cross sectional study employing a probabilistic sample (2010-2011) of 270 older adult women (≥60 years). Handgrip strength (HGS) was measured with a dynamometer (Takei, Japan). Lower limb muscle strength (LLMS) was assessed through the “chair stand test. ” The variables analyzed were age, literacy, current work status, living arrangement, occupation throughout life, smoking, sitting time, number of morbidities, history of falls, and cognitive function. The prevalence ratio was used as a measure of association, by Poisson regression analysis (crude and adjusted). Results:The mean age of the older women was 73.2 (standard deviation, 8.8) years. The proportion of women who presented with inadequate HGS and LLMS was 18.8% (95% confidence interval, 13.8-23.7) and 29.8% (95% confidence interval, 23.9-35.6), respectively. Inadequate strength in the 2 tests was associated with age, the condition of not working, and altered cognitive function. Inadequate strength in the LLMS test was associated with having fallen during the last year. Conclusions:Factors associated with muscle strength are specific to the test. The following sociodemographic and health variables were positively associated with inadequate strength on the HGS and LLMS tests: advancing age, not working, and altered cognitive function. A history of falls is associated with inadequate performance on the LLMS test.