Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Farsi multiclass text classification using a thesaurus and two‐stage feature selection

The progressive increase of information content has recently made it necessary to create a system for automatic classification of documents. In this article, a system is presented for the categorization of multiclass Farsi documents that requires fewer training examples and can help to compensate the shortcoming of the standard training dataset. The new idea proposed in the present article is based on extending the feature vector by adding some words extracted from a thesaurus and then filtering the new feature vector by applying secondary feature selection to discard inappropriate features. In fact, a phase of secondary feature selection is applied to choose more appropriate features among the features added from a thesaurus to enhance the effect of using a thesaurus on the efficiency of the classifier. To evaluate the proposed system, a corpus is gathered from the Farsi Wikipedia website and some articles in the Hamshahri newspaper, the Roshd periodical, and the Soroush magazine. In addition to studying the role of a thesaurus and applying secondary feature selection, the effect of a various number of categories, size of the training dataset, and average number of words in the test data also are examined. As the results indicate, classification efficiency improves by applying this approach, especially when available data is not sufficient for some text categories.
Performance and Energy Consumption Characterization and Modeling of Video Decoding on Multi-core Heterogenous SoC and their Applications

To meet the increasing complexity of mobile multimedia applications, the System on Chip (SoC) equipping modern mobile devices integrate powerful heterogeneous processing elements among which General Purpose Processors (GPP), Digital Signal Processors (DSP), hardware accelerator are the most common ones. Due to the ever-growing gap between battery lifetime and hardware/software complexity in addition to application computing power needs, the energy saving issue becomes crucial in the design of such systems. In this context, we propose a study aiming to enhance the understanding of the energy consumption behavior of video decoding on these kinds of systems. Accordingly, an end-to-end methodology for characterizing and modeling the performance and the energy consumption of video decoding on GPP and DSP is proposed. The characterization step is based on an exhaustive experimental methodology for evaluating, at different abstraction levels, the performance and the energy consumption of video decoding. It was achieved on embedded platforms on which were executed a wide range of video decoding configurations. This step highlighted the importance to consider different parameters which may pertain to different abstraction levels in evaluating the overall energy efficiency of a given system. The measurements obtained in this step were used to build empirically performance and energy models for video decoding on both GPP and DSP. The proposed models gave very accurate estimation (R 2 = 97%) of both the performance and the energy consumption of video decoding in terms of a rich set of parameters including the video quality and the processor frequency. Moreover, based on a multi-level characterization and sub-model decomposition approaches, we show how the developed models, unlike classic empirical models, are easily and rapidly generalizable to other platforms. Some possible applications using the developed models, in the context of adaptive video decoding, were proposed. In general, it consists to use the capability of the proposed performance model to predict the decoding time of a given video quality in dimensioning/scheduling the processing resources. Due to the increasing demand on High Definition (HD), the characterization methodology was extended to consider HD video decoding on both parallel multi-cores and hardware video accelerator. This part highlighted the potential of parallelism video decoding to increase the energy efficiency of video decoding and point out some open issues in this domain.
Laminar Analysis of Movement Direction Information in Local Field Potentials of the Rat Motor Cortex

Local field potentials (LFPs) have been proposed for use in controlling neural prosthetic devices because they can provide reliable motor and sensory-related information, and can easily be recorded over long periods of time. While studies have shown that directional information about motor movements can be inferred from LFPs, it is not known at what depth these signals should be recorded from in order to maximize the amount of movement information. Towards this end, we used a directional motor task in Long Evans rats, while sampling LFPs with an electrode consisting of 16 vertical recording sites that were evenly-spaced 100mum apart. This allowed for simultaneous recording of all layers of the motor cortex. The frequency components of LFPs were then analyzed using k-means clustering to determine directional information as a function of depth. Here we report our initial findings that superficial layers (II/III) of motor cortex may provide more information about movement directions then deeper layers (V)
The White Mountain Polarimeter Telescope and an Upper Limit on Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization

The White Mountain Polarimeter (WMPol) is a dedicated ground-based microwave telescope and receiver system for observing polarization of the cosmic microwave background. WMPol is located at an altitude of 3880 m on a plateau in the White Mountains of Eastern California, at the Barcroft Facility of the University of California White Mountain Research Station. Presented here is a description of the instrument and the data collected during 2004 April through October. We set an upper limit on E-mode polarization of 14 μK (95% confidence limit) in the multipole range 170 < l < 240. This result was obtained with 422 hr of observations of a 3 deg2 sky area about the North Celestial Pole, using a 42 GHz polarimeter. This upper limit is consistent with EE polarization predicted from a standard ΛCDM concordance model.
On ICA of improper and noncircular sources

We provide a review of independent component analysis (ICA) for complex-valued improper and noncircular random sources. An improper random signal is correlated with its complex conjugate, and a noncircular random signal has a rotationally variant probability distribution. We present methods for ICA using second-order statistics, and higher-order statistics. For ICA based on second-order statistics, we emphasize the key role played by the circularity coefficients, which are the canonical correlations between the source and the complex conjugate. For ICA based on higher-order statistics, we show how to extend algorithms for real-valued ICA to the complex domain using Wirtinger calculus.
Contour-based surface modeling and analysis of microtomographic trabecular bone images

Bone quality is an important factor of bone strength. Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by longitudinal changes in 3-D trabecular bone structure, such as decreased trabecular thickness. With the purpose of identifying parameters indicate the quality of bone micro-architecture, a strategy are developed, using High Resolution Micro-Computed Tomography (μCT) images. The main idea is the use of the morphological operator and the watershed algorithm in order to separate at each slice the bone phase from the marrow phase. As well, we make use of basic morphological transforms for eliminating artifacts and aliasing from obtained contours. Three dimensional reconstructions of samples were created by stacking all the 2D obtained boundary top of each other. The zero iso-surface embedded in the computed volume in order to localize vertices from successive slices. A mesh that approximates the zero isosurface is then extracted from the resulting volume. Quantization transforms the trabecular bone structure in a set of numerical parameters that can directly gives a valid and reliable diagnosis histologist.
Active Minorities and Social Representations: Two Theories, One Epistemology

During the last four decades, two social psychological theories have had tremendous influence on a generation of researchers: the theory of social representations and the theory of active minorities. One scholar, Serge Moscovici, has developed these two theories, but they each lived independently and they were seldom confronted one another. Both theories aim to develop a dynamic perspective in the analysis of social reality and devote themselves to the understanding of social change. They are both interested in conflict which takes place in society and which may allow a reflection on the motivations for action, decision-making and change. In this article we pose the question as to whether these two theories, despite their independent lives in social psychology, may have anything in common apart from the fact that they were created by one scholar. Specifically, we pose the question concerning the epistemological relationship between these two theories. In order to answer this question, we first present the most important aspects of each theory and then reflect on their epistemological relationships.
The use of Autocorrelation Analysis in the Longitudinal Study of Mood Patterns in Depressed Patients

Summary The statistical method of autocorrelation, commonly used in econometrics and engineering, was applied to the daily mood scores of ten depressive hospital in-patients. The analyses made possible the quantification of two aspects of the longitudinal course of individual patients' psychopathology, the degree of day-to-day stability and the degree of periodicity in mood. Quantification of the degree of day-to-day mood stability yielded wide variations between patients and suggested that patients might be usefully categorized in terms of this characteristic. Mood stability during periods of severe depression was found to be less pronounced than during periods of relatively moderate depression. Furthermore, the existence of ‘mini-cycles', cyclical fluctuations in mood of one to two weeks' duration occurring during the course of depressive episodes, was demonstrated in three cases.
Emotions Including Anger, Bodily Sensations and The “Living Matrix”

The importance of the body is enormous; it is our physical reality. So maybe it is about time we recognize not only that "there is no human function which does not involve both the brain and social context" (1), but also that there is certainly no human function that does not also involve our bodies and all that this implies. And we may well ask what in fact does this imply? Science in general has been interested in a world "out there". However, largely due to quantum physics, consciousness, awareness, inner experiencing and human perception are now being taken seriously in many fields of study such as transpersonal psychology, anthropology, and neuroscience. Even new disciplines like consciousness studies and electronic biology are being created. Psychology, in its endeavor to be recognized as a science, has largely made an object of its field of interest by looking at the human being in a mechanical way. Psychology too, almost by definition, has concerned itself mainly with certain aspects, namely the mind (usually associated with the brain), neurological processes and behavior and it has therefore neglected the body. The phenomenological method, as an additional way of gaining information through introspection, will also briefly be discussed here In this essay the effect of our thoughts when naming an emotion such as anger and fear on our bodies will be considered. In addition the "living matrix" model, which owes its origin to quantum mechanics and electronic biology, will be presented as a new complementary way of understanding how the living organism functions. The basic tenets of the quantum reality will also be presented.
Transposable Elements versus the Fungal Genome: Impact on Whole-Genome Architecture and Transcriptional Profiles

Transposable elements (TEs) are exceptional contributors to eukaryotic genome diversity. Their ubiquitous presence impacts the genomes of nearly all species and mediates genome evolution by causing mutations and chromosomal rearrangements and by modulating gene expression. We performed an exhaustive analysis of the TE content in 18 fungal genomes, including strains of the same species and species of the same genera. Our results depicted a scenario of exceptional variability, with species having 0.02 to 29.8% of their genome consisting of transposable elements. A detailed analysis performed on two strains of Pleurotus ostreatus uncovered a genome that is populated mainly by Class I elements, especially LTR-retrotransposons amplified in recent bursts from 0 to 2 million years (My) ago. The preferential accumulation of TEs in clusters led to the presence of genomic regions that lacked intra- and inter-specific conservation. In addition, we investigated the effect of TE insertions on the expression of their nearby upstream and downstream genes. Our results showed that an important number of genes under TE influence are significantly repressed, with stronger repression when genes are localized within transposon clusters. Our transcriptional analysis performed in four additional fungal models revealed that this TE-mediated silencing was present only in species with active cytosine methylation machinery. We hypothesize that this phenomenon is related to epigenetic defense mechanisms that are aimed to suppress TE expression and control their proliferation.
Synchronization and operation of parallel inverters using droop control

To obtain a continuous power supply Distributed Generation (DG) with a Decentralized Power System (DPS), i.e. replacing a single UPS unit with multiple, smaller units in parallel, is emerging as new paradigm. The technically challenging aspect of DPS is the synchronization of inverters and load sharing among the parallel connected inverters. In this paper, a control method is proposed and implemented for synchronization and parallel operation of inverters. Droop control method has been used for equal power sharing, and design of power control loop. The design issues for voltage control loop are analyzed with the discussion of relative stability of the system. A current control loop is designed and analyzed to provide synchronization between the inverters.
Seismic Structure of the Arabian Shield Lithosphere and Red Sea Margin

Seismic Structure of the Arabian Shield Lithosphere and Red Sea Margin Andrew Nyblade, Yongcheol Park, Arthur Rodgers, and Abdullah Al-Amri Department of Geosciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, Seismology Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, King Saud University, Geology Department and Seismic Studies Center, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Distribution of Multiple Sclerosis in Sweden Based on Mortality and Disability Compensation Statistics

Previous studies have shown the Fennoscandian region to be a high-risk area for multiple sclerosis (MS). In order to investigate the distribution of MS in Sweden, mortality (1952–1992) and disability pensioning statistics (1971–1994) were studied. A total of 11,414 cases with a disability pension and 5,421 cases with MS on their death certificate were analysed according to county and time period and the results were compared with the mortality figures for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and disability pensioning statistics for Parkinson’s disease. We found increasing rates of both MS mortality and disability pensioning. Disability pensioning correlated well with mortality 10 years later (r = 0.42, p = 0.04). We also found a marked geographical variation. Värmland county had the highest mortality, with 14 out of its 16 municipalities having higher rates than the national mean. Unexpectedly, we found a high correlation between mortality due to MS and ALS (r = 0.60, p = 0.002).
A Study on SURF Algorithm and Real-Time Tracking Objects Using Optical Flow

This paper presents SURF (Speed-Up Robust Features) algorithm and real-time tracking objects using optical flow algorithm. SURF is the fastest algorithm to find features of an object image in real-time and then by using this algorithm we will compare object image features with our real-time object image features. After that match object image features and real-time features. Next, we will apply optical flow algorithm to track the object location. It tracks the object exactly in real-time when object appear in camera’s view. In this paper, we use LK (Lucas-Kanade) optical flow which can operate reduction by choosing an area. We can track object quickly and exactly in real-time.
Redox-Controlled Proton Gating in Bovine Cytochrome c Oxidase

Cytochrome c oxidase is the terminal enzyme in the electron transfer chain of essentially all organisms that utilize oxygen to generate energy. It reduces oxygen to water and harnesses the energy to pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes and the plasma membrane in prokaryotes. The mechanism by which proton pumping is coupled to the oxygen reduction reaction remains unresolved, owing to the difficulty of visualizing proton movement within the massive membrane-associated protein matrix. Here, with a novel hydrogen/deuterium exchange resonance Raman spectroscopy method, we have identified two critical elements of the proton pump: a proton loading site near the propionate groups of heme a, which is capable of transiently storing protons uploaded from the negative-side of the membrane prior to their release into the positive side of the membrane and a conformational gate that controls proton translocation in response to the change in the redox state of heme a. These findings form the basis for a postulated molecular model describing a detailed mechanism by which unidirectional proton translocation is coupled to electron transfer from heme a to heme a 3, associated with the oxygen chemistry occurring in the heme a 3 site, during enzymatic turnover.
Insight into a phase modulation technique for signal decorrelation in multi-channel acoustic echo cancellation

High coherence between the loudspeaker signals in a multichannel communication set-up is known to be detrimental to the performance of a multi-channel acoustic echo cancellation (MC-AEC) system. The MC-AEC performance can be improved by decorrelating the loudspeaker signals prior to their reproduction. The decorrelation process can however degrade the subjective sound quality. A technique which has proven to provide a good trade-off between the MC-AEC performance enhancement and the subjective quality of the decorrelated signals, is applying a time-varying and perceptually motivated phase modulation in the sub-band domain. The aim of this paper is to provide further insight into this technique by analysing the influence on the signals' coherence as well as the MC-AEC performance in terms of its convergence speed.
Beyond OCR_ Multi-faceted understanding of handwritten document characteristics

Handwritten document understanding is a fundamental research problem in pattern recognition and it relies on the effective features. In this paper, we propose a joint feature distribution (JFD) principle to design novel discriminative features which could be the joint distribution of features on adjacent positions or the joint distribution of different features on the same location. Following the proposed JFD principle, we introduce seventeen features, including twelve textural-based and five grapheme-based features. We evaluate these features for different applications from four different perspectives to understand handwritten documents beyond OCR (optical character reognition), by writer identification, script recognition, historical manuscript dating and localization. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our novel QuadHinge and CoHinge features following the JFD principle provide promising results on these four applications.
High-resolution measurement and spectral overlap of cross-phase modulation induced spectral broadening

Cross-phase modulation induced spectral broadening in WDM systems is measured using a high-resolution optical spectrum analyzer. The measured spectra are consistent with recently developed theoretical models. Using the theoretical models, the spectral overlap between two adjacent WDM channels is estimated for a typical 10-Gb/s system having 50 GHz of channel spacing. For -20 dB overlap, the product of number of fiber spans and optical power per channel must be less than 18.1 and 15.5 dBm for standard and nonzero-dispersion-shifted fiber, respectively.
Cis‐acting factors promoting the CAG intergenerational instability in Machado–Joseph disease

In repeat expansion disorders, the size of pathological alleles is the most relevant factor accounting for the disease severity and age‐at‐onset, emphasizing the clinical significance of their underlying intergenerational instability. In one of these diseases, Machado–Joseph disease (MJD), the sex of transmitting progenitor and the C987GG/G987GG polymorphism are the best studied factors acting on intergenerational instability of expanded alleles. Here, we assessed the influence of other cis and inter‐allelic acting factors, at the ATXN3 locus, through the analysis of MJD lineages, flanking STR‐based haplotypes, the initial repeat size and parental age. A total of 100 transmissions of the expanded MJD allele were analyzed according to the sex of the transmitting parent. We have shown that independent origin mutations (identified by intragenic SNP‐based haplotypes) behave differently, as the status of instability (contraction, no change or further expansion) is concerned. Indeed, 72% of expansions were associated to the worldwide spread TTACAC lineage, whereas the GTGGCA displayed 75% of all contractions observed. The analysis of flanking recombinant haplotypes did not suggest any further distant cis elements acting up‐ or downstream the ATXN3 locus. Considering the increased amplitude of expansions seen in older transmitting fathers, a repair‐based mechanism may be suggested for the meiotic instability at this locus; furthermore, the lack of correlation between the initial repeat size and degree of instability did not support a replication‐based mechanism. In summary, our findings point to different mechanisms of instability underlying male and female meioses, as well as contraction and expansion processes in MJD. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Load-Balancing Divide-and-Conquer SVM Solver

Scaling up kernel support vector machine (SVM) training has been an important topic in recent years. Despite its theoretical elegance, training kernel SVM is impractical when facing millions of data. The divide-and-conquer (DC) strategy is a natural framework of handling gigantic problems, and the divide-and-conquer solver for kernel SVM (DC-SVM) is able to train kernel SVM with millions of data with limited time cost. However, there are some drawbacks of the DC-SVM approach. First, it used an unsupervised clustering method to partition the whole problem, which is prone to construct singular subsets, and, second, it is hard to balance the computation load between sub-problems. To address these issues, this article proposed a load-balancing partition method for kernel SVM. First, it clusters sample from one class and then assigns data samples to the cluster centers by a distance measure and construct sub-problems; in this way, it is able to control the computation load and avoid singular problems. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better load-balancing performance than DC-SVM, which implies that it is suitable for distributed and embedding systems.