Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Memory and Working Memory

Seventy-five children and adults with learning disabilities (age range = 5.0 to 42.10 yrs.) and 86 normally achieving children and adults (age range = 5.11 to 58.0 yrs.) were compared on short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) tasks to assess the relationship between STM and WM, and to test whether these measures independently relate to achievement. For both ability groups, the factor analyses indicated that STM and WM loaded on different factors, and the regressions and partial correlations showed that these different factors accounted for separate variance in reading comprehension and mathematics. Both STM and WM are important in understanding reading comprehension and mathematics performance in children and adults with learning disabilities; however, WM is more important for children and adults without learning disabilities. In contrast to WM, STM contributed minimal variance to word recognition in both ability groups. Overall, it was concluded that STM and WM do reflect different processes, both of which seem to separate the two ability groups. However, models of memory that view STM and WM as interchangeable, or STM in isolation, do not provide an adequate framework for capturing academic performance in children and adults with learning disabilities.
Proximity Warning and Excavator Control System for Prevention of Collision Accidents

Construction is a hazardous industry in which accidents occur frequently. Occupational accidents at construction sites are a serious public health issue in Korea. Construction site conditions often create dangerous situations by requiring workers and heavy equipment to work in close proximity to each other. In 2015, approximately 11% (46) of the 437 occupational fatalities in the construction industry in Korea resulted from workers colliding with objects or equipment. In this paper, we present a proximity warning system developed to address this issue and enhance safety at construction sites. The proposed technology functions in real time to alert workers and equipment operators of hazardous proximity situations. Also, when the radio frequency identification (RFID) sensor detects an approaching worker, the main board instantly shuts down the excavator for the prevention of accident. This system contains an RFID tag, RFID reader, alarm device, camera, a display device (the Around View Monitor), and excavator control technology. A field test demonstrated successful performance of the proposed system. It is widely applicable in small construction fields alongside excavators and other equipment because this system does not require additional communication infrastructure, such as servers.
Physicochemical characterization of a hydrophilic model drug-loaded PHBV microparticles obtained by the double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique

Microparticulas de poli(3-hidroxibutirato-co-3-hidroxivalerato) (PHBV) contendo um farmaco modelo hidrofilico, o cloridrato de metformina (MH), foram obtidas pela tecnica de emulsao multipla/evaporacao do solvente. Diversas formulacoes foram preparadas, com o objetivo de investigar a influencia de cada composicao sobre a eficiencia de encapsulacao (EE). O resultado mais elevado de EE (9,76%) foi verificado quando da simultânea alcalinizacao e adicao de NaCl na fase aquosa externa da formulacao. O estudo por MEV das microparticulas revelou morfologia esferica e superficie rugosa. As intensidades de difracao cristalina para as microparticulas contendo o MH foram menores do que aquelas observadas para a mistura fisica. Os resultados obtidos por IVTF sugerem que nenhuma ligacao quimica foi formada entre o polimero e o farmaco. A avaliacao por analise termica indica o surgimento de interacoes favoraveis entre MH e PHBV. O estudo de liberacao in vitro demonstrou a influencia do PHBV no perfil de dissolucao do MH. Poly(3-hydroxybutirate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles containing a watersoluble model drug, metformin hydrochloride (MH), were obtained by a double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique. Several formulations were prepared in order to investigate the influence of each composition on the encapsulation efficiency (EE). The highest value of EE (9.76%) was obtained using simultaneously pH alkalinization and NaCl addition in the external water phase of the formulation. SEM study revealed a spherical morphology and a rough surface. The crystalline diffraction intensities for the MH-loaded microparticles were lower than that verified for the physical mixture. FTIR results suggested that no chemical bond between the polymer and the drug was formed. Also thermal analyses indicated a favorable interaction between MH and PHBV. In vitro drug release demonstrated the influence of the PHBV on the dissolution profile of MH.
Near-optimal hybrid precoding for millimeter wave massive MIMO systems via cost-efficient Sub-connected structure

Millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a promising technology for next generation wireless communications. The utilisation of traditional full digital precoding techniques for mmWave massive MIMO systems is too costly. Fortunately, the hybrid (analogue/digital) precoding is a better choice. In this study, the authors investigate a near-optimal iterative approximation hybrid precoding algorithm via cost-efficient sub-connected structure for mmWave massive MIMO systems. Based on the minimum mean square error (MSE) criterion, the optimal design of the proposed hybrid precoders is non-convex. The original problem is reformulated as two optimisation sub-problems, where one of the sub-problems is convex and another is non-convex. First, the authors convert the non-convex sub-problem into a convex problem by relaxing the constant modulus constraint from beampattern with interference control method, and eliminating the block diagonal constraint from vector operation with the properties of Kronecker product. Then the two convex sub–problems are solved iteratively. The proposed algorithm can achieve a highly approximate optimal solution, which can be theoretically demonstrated to converge to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker point of the original problem. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm via both sub–connected and fully connected structure gets favourable performance in terms of MSE and achievable rate.
Motor dysfunction in diabetes

Neuropathy is a frequent complication in diabetes and most commonly seen as distal symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy (PN). Involvement of the motor system is infrequently seen at the clinical examination. However, with the application of quantitative techniques, that is, isokinetic dynamometry, type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients have been detected to have weakness at the ankle and the knee. Muscle weakness is found only in diabetic patients with PN, while non‐neuropathic patients even with long‐term diabetes have normal strength. The weakness is closely related to signs and severity of PN. With the use of magnetic resonance imaging, muscle weakness is found to be paralleled by muscular atrophy, which is observed in the feet and at the lower leg. Following diabetic patients for 8–10 years, we have observed accelerated loss of muscle strength in patients with symptomatic PN; similarly, accelerated loss of muscle mass is observed in the feet and lower legs. In large‐scale studies of diabetic and non‐diabetic subjects, lower muscle quality in diabetic patients is also found. Thus, in addition to PN, diabetes per se leads to lower strength per unit striated muscle. Muscle weakness is related to the slowing of movements, unstable gait, and more frequent falls. Furthermore, motor dysfunction leads to an increased risk of developing a foot ulcer due to due to alterations of the biomechanics of the feet caused by muscle atrophy. This may lead to an increased skin pressure that may lead to foot ulceration and ultimately amputation. Muscle and balance training may improve strength, postural stability, and walking performance; however, this needs to be studied in more detail. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Folksonomy-based user interest and disinterest profiling for improved recommendations: An ontological approach

Social tagging has revolutionized the social and personal experience of users across numerous web platforms by enabling the organizing, managing, sharing and searching of web data. The extensive amount of information generated by tagging systems can be utilized for recommendation purposes. However, the unregulated creation of social tags by users can produce a great deal of noise and the tags can be unreliable; thus, exploiting them for recommendation is a nontrivial task. In this study, a new recommender system is proposed based on the similarities between user and item profiles. The approach applied is to generate user and item profiles by discovering tag patterns that are frequently generated by users. These tag patterns are categorized into irrelevant patterns and relevant patterns which represent diverse user preferences in terms of likes and dislikes. Furthermore, presented here is a method for translating these tag-based profiles into semantic profiles by determining the underlying meaning(s) of the tags, and mapping them to semantic entities belonging to external knowledge bases. To alleviate the cold start and overspecialization problems, semantic profiles are enriched in two phases: (a) using a semantic spreading mechanism and then (b) inheriting the preferences of similar users. Experiment indicates that this approach not only provides a better representation of user interests, but also achieves a better recommendation result when compared with existing methods. The performance of the proposed recommendation method is investigated in the face of the cold start problem, the results of which confirm that it can indeed remedy the problem for early adopters, hence improving overall recommendation quality.
Thoughtful Foragers: A Study of Prehistoric Decision Making

List of figures List of tables 1. Introduction Part I. Learning from the present: 2. The eco-psychology of decision making 3. The ethnography of hunter-gatherer decision making Part II. Mesolithic foraging and society: 4. Broken bones and buried bodies: patterns in the archaeological record 5. Gearing up with methodological tools: building a simulation model 6. Decision making in the Mesolithic: multiple action replays Part III. Upper Palaeolithic Art and Economy 7. Seeking the decision maker: faunal assemblages and hunting behaviour 8. Through a hunter's eyes . and into his mind? 9. Conclusion Bibliography Index.
Anticipatory brain potentials in a Brain-Robot Interface paradigm

The paper describes a Brain-Robot Interface paradigm in which recognition of an anticipatory brain potential (in this case the Contingent Negative Variation - CNV) is acknowledged and reacted to by a robot arm movement. The well-known task of Towers of Hanoi is executed by a robotic arm. A measure of success is the subjects ability to generate series of CNV potentials in a CNV flip-flop paradigm which progresses towards the completion of the Towers of Hanoi task.
Assessing the diagnostic validity of a structured psychiatric interview in a first‐admission hospital sample

The use of structured psychiatric interviews performed by non-clinicians is frequent for research purposes and is becoming increasingly common in clini-cal practice. The validity of such interviews has rarely been evaluated empirically. In this study of a sample of 100 diagnostically heterogeneous, first-admitted inpatients, the results of an assessment with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), yielding a DSM-IV diagnosis and performed by a trained non-clinician, were compared with a consensus lifetime best diagnostic estimate (DSM-IV) by two experienced research clinicians, based on multiple sources of information, which included videotaped comprehensive semi-structured narrative interviews. The overall kappa agreement was 0.18. The sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of schizophrenia by SCID were 19% and 100%, respectively. It is concluded that structured interviews performed by non-clinicians are not recommendable for clinical work and should only be used in research with certain precautions. It is suggested that a revival of systematic theoretical and practical training in psychopathology is an obvious way forward in order to improve the validity and therapeutic utility of psychiatric diagnosis.
Development and Application of Combined Quantum Mechanical and Molecular Mechanical Methods

ion reaction is a hydroxo intermediate and a radical. Therefore, the obtained TS geometry is reasonable. In this view, the H atom at the active site should be closer to O atom than to the C atom. Inspection of the spin density of the RS and TS shows that there Figure 3-8. Visualization of spin densities in TS
Measurement of heat stress conditions at cow level and comparison to climate conditions at stationary locations inside a dairy barn

The objectives of this study were to examine heat stress conditions at cow level and to investigate the relationship to the climate conditions at 5 different stationary locations inside a dairy barn. In addition, we compared the climate conditions at cow level between primiparous and multiparous cows for a period of 1 week after regrouping. The temperature-humidity index (THI) differed significantly between all stationary loggers. The lowest THI was measured at the window logger in the experimental stall and the highest THI was measured at the central logger in the experimental stall. The THI at the mobile cow loggers was 2·33 THI points higher than at the stationary loggers. Furthermore, the mean daily THI was higher at the mobile cow loggers than at the stationary loggers on all experimental days. The THI in the experimental pen was 0·44 THI points lower when the experimental cow group was located inside the milking parlour. The THI measured at the mobile cow loggers was 1·63 THI points higher when the experimental cow group was located inside the milking parlour. However, there was no significant difference for all climate variables between primiparous and multiparous cows. These results indicate, there is a wide range of climate conditions inside a dairy barn and especially areas with a great distance to a fresh air supply have an increased risk for the occurrence of heat stress conditions. Furthermore, the heat stress conditions are even higher at cow level and cows not only influence their climatic environment, but also generate microclimates within different locations inside the barn. Therefore climate conditions should be obtained at cow level to evaluate the heat stress conditions that dairy cows are actually exposed to.
Modeling the Determinants Affecting Consumers’ Acceptance and Use of Information and Communications Technology

Understanding individual acceptance and use of Information and Communication Technology ICT is one of the most mature streams of information systems research. In Information Technology and Information System research, numerous theories are used to understand users' adoption of new technologies. Various models were developed including the Innovation Diffusion Theory, Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, Technology Acceptance Model, and recently, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Each of these models has sought to identify the factors which influence consumers' intention or actual use of information technology. This research composes a new hybrid theoretical framework to identify the factors affecting the acceptance and use of Mobile Internet -as an ICT application-in a consumer context. The proposed model incorporates eight constructs: Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, Social Influences, Perceived Value, Perceived Playfulness, Attention Focus, and Behavioral intention. Individual differences-namely, age, gender, education, income, and experience are moderating the effects of these constructs on behavioral intention and technology use.
RACK: a parser generator for AI languages

The RAND Compiler Kit (RACK), a parser generator for AI (artificial-intelligence) applications, is described. RACK parsers are unique in their ability to recognize non-LR(k) languages. RACK is implemented in C and is upwardly compatible with YACC. RACK generates parsers that interface with C or Lisp and includes features such as arbitrary look-ahead, multiple start symbols, a scanner generator, and a grammar interpreter. RACK has been fully implemented in under 20000 lines of C code. <<ETX>>
Are Children Born After Assisted Reproductive Technology at Increased Risk for Adverse Health Outcomes?

As assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are increasingly used to overcome infertility, there is concern about the health of the children conceived. The empirical evidence for associations with outcomes related to child health is variable and should be evaluated with consideration of methodological shortcomings. Currently, there is convincing evidence that ART treatment may increase the risk of a few outcomes. Experimental laboratory studies document that various constituents in culture media affect various embryo characteristics both positively and negatively. Multiple-gestation pregnancy and birth are increased with ART, both because of multiple embryo transfer and embryo splitting. There is evidence of an increase in chromosomal abnormalities among pregnancies conceived using intracytoplasmic sperm injection and low birth weight and preterm delivery among singletons conceived with all types of ART; however, there remains uncertainty about whether these risks stem from the treatment or the parental infertility. For some outcomes, data of an increased risk with ART are suggestive at best largely because of lack of purposeful study of sufficient size and scope. These include specific perinatal morbidities, birth defects, developmental disabilities, and retinoblastoma. The evidence for an association between ART and spontaneous abortion is inconsistent and weak. There is inconclusive evidence that ART may be associated with genetic imprinting disorders. For childhood cancer, chronic conditions, learning and behavioral disorders, and reproductive effects there is insufficient empirical research to date, but given the data for more proximal outcomes, these outcomes merit further study. Future research needs to address the unique methodological challenges underlying study in this area.
Research on micro-fabricated gas chromatographic columns with embedded ellipitic cylindrical posts

This paper reports a newly developed micro-fabricated gas chromatographic (μGC) column with embedded elliptic cylindrical posts (ECP) in a silicon-glass architecture, which has higher surface area and less quasi-zero velocity zone compared to the state of the art. By coating polydimethylsiloxane as the stationary phase, the 2 m and 4 m columns can separate methane and ethane with 0.66 and 1.02 resolution.
The formation and characterisation of ultra-thin films containing Ag nanoparticles

A simple three step method for creating ultra-thin films, which contain Ag nanoparticles, on both glass and stainless steel surfaces, is presented. First, during the immersion into N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (DIAMO) a monolayer of DIAMO is attached on the sample surface after which immersion in silver nitrate is performed and a complex between the two amino groups of DIAMO and silver ions forms, leading to large clusters on the surface. During the annealing step these silver containing clusters are converted into silver nanoparticles which are homogeneously distributed and bound to the surface. The formation of the film was characterised using UV/Vis, FE-SEM and FE-AES. Additionally, SERS activity of the surface and the effect of the attachment of the nanoparticles on their antibacterial nature were also investigated.
Genetic Programming II: Automatic Discovery of Reusable Programs.

Reading Genetic Programming IE Automatic Discovery ofReusable Programs (GPII) in its entirety is not a task for the weak-willed because the book without appendices is about 650 pages. An entire previous book by the same author [1] is devoted to describing Genetic Programming (GP), while this book is a sequel extolling an extension called Automatically Defined Functions (ADFs). The author, John R. Koza, argues that ADFs can be used in conjunction with GP to improve its efficacy on large problems. "An automatically defined function (ADF) is a function (i.e., subroutine, procedure, module) that is dynamically evolved during a run of genetic programming and which may be called by a calling program (e.g., a main program) that is simultaneously being evolved" (p. 1). Dr. Koza recommends adding the ADF technique to the "GP toolkit. " The book presents evidence that it is possible to interpret GP with ADFs as performing either a top-down process of problem decomposition or a bottom-up process of representational change to exploit identified regularities. This is stated as Main Point 1. Main Point 2 states that ADFs work by exploiting inherent regularities, symmetries, patterns, modularities, and homogeneities within a problem, though perhaps in ways that are very different from the style of programmers. Main Points 3 to 7 are appropriately qualified statements to the effect that, with a variety of problems, ADFs pay off be-
Equilibrium binding of spermine and histamine to salmon sperm DNA and poly(dGdC)

Abstract— Studies using the solute‐enhanced phase partition technique demonstrate that the endogenous amines histamine and spermine bind to both salmon sperm DNA and poly(dGdC) in a markedly cooperative fashion. Both compounds exhibited DNA sequence‐dependence effects in their mode of binding. The linear aliphatic spermine molecule binds more strongly than histamine to both DNA types.
Underestimated cost of targeted attacks on complex networks

The robustness of complex networks under targeted attacks is deeply connected to the resilience of complex systems, i.e., the ability to make appropriate responses to the attacks. In this article, we investigated the state-of-the-art targeted node attack algorithms and demonstrate that they become very inefficient when the cost of the attack is taken into consideration. In this paper, we made explicit assumption that the cost of removing a node is proportional to the number of adjacent links that are removed, i.e., higher degree nodes have higher cost. Finally, for the case when it is possible to attack links, we propose a simple and efficient edge removal strategy named Hierarchical Power Iterative Normalized cut (HPI-Ncut). The results on real and artificial networks show that the HPI-Ncut algorithm outperforms all the node removal and link removal attack algorithms when the cost of the attack is taken into consideration. In addition, we show that on sparse networks, the complexity of this hierarchical power iteration edge removal algorithm is only $O(n\log^{2+\epsilon}(n))$.
A hierarchy machine: Learning to optimize from nature and humans

This article proposes a competent hierarchical optimization method called the hierarchical Bayesian optimization algorithm (hBOA). hBOA extends the Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA) by incorporating three important features for robust and scalable optimization of hierarchical problems: proper decomposition, chunking, and preservation of alternative solutions. Additionally, the article proposes a class of difficult hierarchical problems called hierarchical traps, hBOA is shown to provide a scalable solution to the class of hierarchically decomposable problems and anything easier. Specifically, hBOA can solve hierarchical traps and other nearly decomposable problems in approximately O(n1.55 log n) to O(n2) function evaluations, where n is the number of decision variables in the problem.