Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rechts-, Wirtschafts-und Verwaltungswissenschaftliche Sektion Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften Diskussionspapiere Der Dfg- Forschergruppe (nr.: 3468269275): Heterogene Arbeit: Positive Und Normative Aspekte Der Qualifikationsstruktur Der Arbeit a Duration Analysis of the Effects of Tuition Fees

Zusammenfassung: We examine the impact of tuition fees for long term students at the University of Konstanz. Applying duration analysis to examine how tuition fees influence when and how students finish their studies in six different majors, we find significant effects with respect to the hazard rates of the various ways of terminating one's studies. Furthermore, we analyze how the probability of terminating one's studies in a certain period of time changes. Students obtain a degree in a shorter period of time in two majors. In three other majors, however, we observe that the probability of obtaining a degree generally decreased. Abstract We examine the impact of tuition fees for long term students at the University of Konstanz. Applying duration analysis to examine how tuition fees influence when and how students finish their studies in six different majors, we find significant effects with respect to the hazard rates of the various ways of terminating one's studies. Furthermore, we analyze how the probability of terminating one's studies in a certain period of time changes. Students obtain a degree in a shorter period of time in two majors. In three other majors, however, we observe that the probability of obtaining a degree generally decreased. * We are indebted to Oliver Fabel, Volker Fugger and Joachim Ptak for making the dataset available to us. This paper has benefited from discussions with participants at the conference on " Heterogeneous Labour and Education " at the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW) in Mannheim. In particular, we are grateful to Alexander Kemnitz for his comments and suggestions.
Extending Executability of Applications on Varied Target Platforms

High-performance applications are often developed for a specific class of target platforms and executing them on the increasing variety of Cloud and grid environments requires substantial adjustments and reconciliation. The aim of our framework, called ADAPT (Adaptive Application and Platform Translation), is to allow adaptation of applications for execution on various computational resources. The overall objective is to enhance usability of cyber-infrastructure platforms by providing automated adaptations of applications and conditioning of target environments so that greater cross-utilization is achieved. This paper presents a proof-of-concept experiment of a possible use of ADAPT, viz. executing a C/MPI application originally written for clusters on the Microsoft Azure infrastructure. This MPI application-to-cloud adjustment is based on automatic identification of the application programming paradigm followed by applying an application transformation to enable execution on an alternative target.
H.E.S.S. VHE gamma-ray observations of the microquasar GRS 1915+105

GRS 1915+105 is a very well studied microquasar with a wide variety of temporal and spectral states. Multi-wavelength observations from radio to X-rays have uncovered clear relations between the variability in different bands. GRS 1915+105 is also well-known as a source of superluminal jets moving away from the core with true velocity <=0.9c. Non-thermal emission from the jets or their termination shock could extend to the VHE gamma-ray domain. GRS 1915+105 was observed with the H.E. S.S. telescope array between 2004 and 2008 for a total of 24 hours. We report on these observations and discuss our findings.
The employment impact of innovation: Evidence and policy

1. Introduction: economic structure, technology and employment Mario Pianta and Marco Vivarelli 2. The analysis of technological change and employment Vincenzo Spiezia and Marco Vivarelli 3. Modelling the employment impact of innovation: do compensation mechanisms work? Roberto Simonetti, Karl Taylor and Marco Vivarelli 4. Growth and unemployment: productivity gains vs. demand constraints Paolo Piacentini and Paolo Pini 5. The employment impact of product and process innovations Mario Pianta 6. Organisational innovations, computerisation and employment. Evidence from American manufacturing Philippe Askenazy 7. Innovation and employment in services: results from the Italian innovation survey Rinaldo Evangelista 8. New technology, growth and job creation: the role of learning strategies Kurt Lundgren 9. Innovation and employment in developing countries Dilek Cetindamar Karaomerlioglu and Hancer K. Ansal 10. Compensation mechanisms and targeted economic growth. Lessons from the history of economic policy Eric Reinert 11. Conclusions: are employment friendly policies possible? Mario Pianta and Marco Vivarelli
Modified Pixel Sieve Method for Visual Cryptography

Visual cryptography encodes a secret image into n shares which are distributed to n participants. Pixel Sieve method was proposed recently to encode an image into shares, but the encryption quality is poor. In this paper an modified version of pixel sieve method is proposed to achieve more security than existing pixel sieve method. Based on key shifting scheme, the proposed method generates quite noisy and highly secure encrypted images. The simulation shows that the quality of the encrypted images observably better than existing pixel sieve method.
Fingerprints of changes in the terrestrial carbon cycle in response to large reorganizations in ocean circulation

Abstract. CO2 and carbon cycle changes in the land, ocean and atmosphere are investigated using the comprehensive carbon cycle-climate model NCAR CSM1.4-carbon. Ensemble simulations are forced with freshwater perturbations applied at the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean deep water formation sites under pre-industrial climate conditions. As a result, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation reduces in each experiment to varying degrees. The physical climate fields show changes qualitatively in agreement with results documented in the literature, but there is a clear distinction between northern and southern perturbations. Changes in the physical variables, in turn, affect the land and ocean biogeochemical cycles and cause a reduction, or an increase, in the atmospheric CO2 concentration by up to 20 ppmv, depending on the location of the perturbation. In the case of a North Atlantic perturbation, the land biosphere reacts with a strong reduction in carbon stocks in some tropical locations and in high northern latitudes. In contrast, land carbon stocks tend to increase in response to a southern perturbation. The ocean is generally a sink of carbon although large reorganizations occur throughout various basins. The response of the land biosphere is strongest in the tropical regions due to a shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The carbon fingerprints of this shift, either to the south or to the north depending on where the freshwater is applied, can be found most clearly in South America. For this reason, a compilation of various paleoclimate proxy records of Younger Dryas precipitation changes are compared with our model results. The proxy records, in general, show good agreement with the model's response to a North Atlantic freshwater perturbation.
The Mobile Broadband WiMAX Standard [Standards in a Nutshell]

Mobile worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) is a wireless standard that introduces orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and other key features to enable mobile broadband services at a vehicular speed of up to 120 km/h. WiMAX complements the and competes with wireless local area networks (WLANs) and the third generation (3G) wireless standards on coverage and data rate. More specifically, WiMAX supports a much larger coverage area than WLAN, does not require line of sight for a connection, and is significantly less costly compared to the current 3G cellular standards. Although the WiMAX standard supports both fixed and mobile broadband data services, the latter have a much larger market. Therefore, this article will briefly present the Mobile WiMAX standard, the technologies deployed for the air interface and the network, and the development of the standards to support mobile multihop relays in a WiMAX network.
YZU-NLP Team at SemEval-2016 Task 4: Ordinal Sentiment Classification Using a Recurrent Convolutional Network

Sentiment analysis of tweets has attracted considerable attention recently for potential use in commercial and public sector applications. Typical sentiment analysis classifies the sentiment of sentences into several discrete classes (e.g., positive and negative). The aim of Task 4 subtask C of SemEval-2016 is to classify the sentiment of tweets into an ordinal five-point scale. In this paper, we present a system that uses word embeddings and recurrent convolutional networks to complete the competition task. The word embeddings provide a continuous vector representation of words for the recurrent convolutional network to use in building sentence vectors for multi-point classification. The proposed method ranked second among eleven teams in terms of micro-averaged MAE (mean absolute error) and eighth for macro-averaged MAE.
Efficiency of Molecular Hydrogen Formation on Silicates

We report on laboratory measurements of molecular hydrogen formation and recombination on an olivine slab as a function of surface temperature under conditions relevant to those encountered in the interstellar medium. On the basis of our experimental evidence, we recognize that there are two main regimes of H coverage that are of astrophysical importance; for each of them we provide an expression giving the production rate of molecular hydrogen in interstellar clouds.
Effects of Monensin on Metabolism and Production in Dairy Saanen Goats in Periparturient Period

This trial evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with monensin sodium on dry matter intake, metabolic parameters and milk yield and milk composition of dairy Saanen goats in the periparturient period. Twelve Saanen pregnant dairy goats were assigned to a treatment and a control group. Saanen goats were fed monensin as its 10% sodium salt in the amount of 33 mg/kg of total dry matter intake during 30 d before parturition till d 42 in milk. Blood samples were collected from each goat at d 30, 15 and 7 before expected kidding time and also in d 1, 7, 13, 19, 21, 28, 35 and 42 postpartum. The serum concentrations of β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterifed fatty acid (NEFA), calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, total protein, albumin and glucose and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity were determined. The BHBA concentration significantly decreased in goats, which received monensin in comparison to controls in the postpartum period (p = 0.049). The concentration of sodium (Na) was significantly influenced by monensin treatment in the postpartum period (p = 0.048). In addition, the difference in dry matter intake was highly significant between the two groups during the pre-partum period. Controls had more dry matter intake (DMI) than treatment goats (p = 0.0001). Mean 3.5% fat corrected milk production was not influenced by monensin treatment. However, milk fat percentage was significantly decreased in monensin treated goats (p = 0.0017).
Effects of Age on Long Term Memory for Degraded Speech

Prior research suggests that acoustical degradation impacts encoding of items into memory, especially in elderly subjects. We here aimed to investigate whether acoustically degraded items that are initially encoded into memory are more prone to forgetting as a function of age. Young and old participants were tested with a vocoded and unvocoded serial list learning task involving immediate and delayed free recall. We found that degraded auditory input increased forgetting of previously encoded items, especially in older participants. We further found that working memory capacity predicted forgetting of degraded information in young participants. In old participants, verbal IQ was the most important predictor for forgetting acoustically degraded information. Our data provide evidence that acoustically degraded information, even if encoded, is especially vulnerable to forgetting in old age.
Measuring and Reporting Intellectual Capital : Experience , Issues , and Prospects Amsterdam Technical Meeting 9-10 June 1999 HOLISTIC MEASUREMENT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL COUNTRY COVERED : AUSTRIA RESEARCH TEAM :

The opinions expressed in this paper are the sole responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD, the governments of its Member countries, the co-organisers, or the supporting organisations. ABSTRACT In the beginning, the rationale of measures is reflected, concluding that there have to be different and strategically derived scopes for internal and external reporting of intangible assets. After critical discussion of some of the already implemented models with special attention to the EFQM model, an alternative, holistic oriented and dynamic concept to measure and manage intangible assets is suggested. Several of the assumptions concerning intellectual capital and the awareness of intellectual capital to top management are discussed in the empirical part. The survey concludes with supporting evidence for the correlation of active management of intellectual capital assets and corporate financial performance.
Effect of Landauer's Blow Torch on Kramers' Escape Rate

Kinetic aspects of Landauer’s blow torch effect is investigated for a simple double well potential using the supersymmetric approach. We find that the presence of a hot region enhances the escape rate which increases as a function of its strength and width. We derive an approximate analytical expression for the escape rate as a function of the strength and width of the hot region and also as a function of height of the barrier, which agrees well with the numerical results. We also find that the presence of the hot region close to the bottom of the potential enhances the escape rate more efficiently than when it is close to the top of the barrier.
Carotid artery dissection associated with an elongated styloid process.

A 51-year-old man presented with right orbital pain and Horner syndrome three weeks previously. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no intracranial abnormalities , time-of-flight imaging of MR angiography (Picture A) detected an intimal flap and T1-weighted imaging (Picture B) indicated an intramural hematoma in the right internal carotid artery (ICA) at the cervical segment. Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (Picture C, D) revealed an elongated styloid process close to the right ICA. Transient compression of the ICA by the styloid process induced by neck rotation was associated with ICA dissection. Aspirin was prescribed and the patient's symptoms gradually disappeared. MRI performed six months later showed restoration of the ICA dissection. Eagle first reported that an elongated styloid process can cause symptomatic compression of the neighboring structures (1), occasionally in association with ICA dissec-tion (2). Therefore, an elongated styloid process is an important cause of ICA dissection.
Improving corpus search via parsing

In this paper, we describe an addition to the corpus query system Kontext that enables to enhance the search using syntactic attributes in addition to the existing features, mainly lemmas and morphological categories. We present the enhancements of the corpus query system itself, the attributes we use to represent syntactic structures in data, and some examples of querying the syntactically annotated corpora, such as treebanks in various languages as well as an automatically parsed large corpus.
Production and Partial Purification of Protease by Actinomyces Species

Enzymes are biocatalysts obtained from plants, animals and microorganism. Microbial enzymes are becoming important for its technical and economical advantages . Various kinds of microorganisms in nature degrade different type of proteins indicating the Proteolytic capabilities of microorganism. About 80% of enzymes produced annually are simple hydrolytic enzymes, of which 60% are proteases. Different bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes are the major sources of microbial proteases. Extracellular proteases have high commercial value and multiple application in detergent, food, diary, pharmaceutical, leather, diagnostic, waste management and silver recovery industries. Here we consider the extra cellular protease which is secreted by Actinomycetes Sp. This enzyme is free from most of the toxic agents. And it is considered as a safe/suitable protease for the oral medication purposes. Here we find the best suit Actinomycetes strain which yield high protease, and its suitable Ph and the medium (Plate assay method). Then we find the high Protease production in different SSF and LSF. Thereafter we discuss the protease isolation methods, conformation and their application in the medical and industrial fields.
An Optimal Approximate Dynamic Programming Algorithm for Concave, Scalar Storage Problems With Vector-Valued Controls

We prove convergence of an approximate dynamic programming algorithm for a class of high-dimensional stochastic control problems linked by a scalar storage device, given a technical condition. Our problem is motivated by the problem of optimizing energy flows for a power grid supported by grid-level storage. The problem is formulated as a stochastic, dynamic program, where we estimate the value of resources in storage using a piecewise linear value function approximation. Given the technical condition, we provide a rigorous convergence proof for an approximate dynamic programming algorithm, which can capture the presence of both the amount of energy held in storage as well as other exogenous variables. Our algorithm exploits the natural concavity of the problem to avoid any need for explicit exploration policies.
Novel pipelined DWT architecture for dual-line scan

A new discrete wavelet transform (DWT) architecture is proposed in this paper to realize a memory-efficient 2D DWT unit. The proposed DWT architecture alternately processes two lines to remove the transpose buffer whose size is proportional to the image row size. As a result, the hardware complexity of 2D DWT is significantly reduced. To maintain the same critical path delay as that of the previous pipelined DWT, serially concatenated additions are optimized by changing computation topology and applying arithmetic optimization.
DISEASES: Text mining and data integration of disease–gene associations

Text mining is a flexible technology that can be applied to numerous different tasks in biology and medicine. We present a system for extracting disease–gene associations from biomedical abstracts. The system consists of a highly efficient dictionary-based tagger for named entity recognition of human genes and diseases, which we combine with a scoring scheme that takes into account co-occurrences both within and between sentences. We show that this approach is able to extract half of all manually curated associations with a false positive rate of only 0.16%. Nonetheless, text mining should not stand alone, but be combined with other types of evidence. For this reason, we have developed the DISEASES resource, which integrates the results from text mining with manually curated disease–gene associations, cancer mutation data, and genome-wide association studies from existing databases. The DISEASES resource is accessible through a user-friendly web interface at http://diseases.jensenlab. org/, where the text-mining software and all associations are also freely available for download.
A formal theory of dependency syntax with non-lexical units

The paper describes a formal theory for the dependency approach to syntax. The formalism is able to deal with long-distance dependencies, involved in function sharing and extractions. The distinctive aspects of the approach are the use of non lexical categories and a GPSG-style treatment of long-distance dependencies. The formalism is applied to a number of coordination phenomena, that are well-known in the literature.
Calibration and Regression with Nonconstant Error Variance

Ordinary least squares regression analysis is generally inappropriate for calibration and regression problems when the usual assumption ofconstant variance across all observations doesn't hold. Estimators of regression parameters are of relatively poor quality and the resulting inference can be misleading. The use of standard data transformations is a common alternative but may not provide enough flexibility for some cases. The use of weighted regression with weights estimated from replicates is generally unreliable for reasonable sample sizes. However, when the error variance changes systematically with the mean response or other variables, generalized least squares (GLS) and variance function estimation (VFE) methods can be used. The GLS-VFE approach allows the experimenter to specify a model for the systematic change in variance, estimate unknown parameters, and to use this information to provide more efficient estimates of the regression parameters. In this tutorial, GLS-VFE methods are introduced and described in the context of calibration and regression. An example of calibration for a chemical assay is used to motivate discussion and illustrate the implementation of these methods using standard software packages.
Optical versus electronic packet switching in delay-sensitive 5G networks: myths versus advantages

We show that optical packet switching (OPS) 5G networks without buffers in their switches are expected to offer applications that require reliable packet delivery [e.g., zero losses via transmission control protocol (TCP)] the following improvements, compared to what is offered by the state-of-the-art in electronic packet switching (EPS) networks: lower flow completion times, and thus higher throughputs (useful for most Internet applications); lower probability of missing hard per-packet end-to-end deadlines (useful for real-time applications); and higher numbers of packets that outrun their counterparts that use an EPS network (useful for winner-takes-it-all applications like latency-sensitive trading algorithms). We also show that this superior performance of OPS over EPS increases asymptotically in favor of OPS as network loads grow. We show how this counterintuitive result seems to stem from the low average and low variance of end-to-end packet delays caused by the lack of queues in bufferless OPS switches,which, in turn, allow end-to-end congestion control algorithms (e.g., inside TCP) to react and compensate packet losses swiftly.
2016 Ieee International Conference on Big Data (big Data) Content-based Comparison for Collections Identification

— Assigning global unique persistent identifiers (GUPIs) to datasets has the goal of improving their accessibility and simplifying how they are referenced and reused. However, as repositories receive more and complex data, attesting for the identity of datasets attached to persistent identifiers over time is becoming more challenging. This is due to the nature of scientific research data, which is generated through distributed research practices and evolves across different computational environments. This work presents a robust, automated computational service for data content comparison as a valuable addition to assigning, managing, and tracking persistent identifiers. We operationalized the functions of the service within the archival space by linking data provenance and identity to authenticity. The need for such service is shown through three genomics data use cases in which the results aided curators establishing the identity of datasets and inferring issues of provenance. We describe the system's design, implementation and performance, and report on lessons learned.