Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cellular distribution of neurotensin receptors in rat brain: Immunohistochemical study using an antipeptide antibody against the cloned high affinity receptor

Receptors for the neuropeptide, neurotensin, were localized by immunohistochemistry in the rat brain by using an antibody raised against a sequence of the third intracellular loop of the cloned high affinity receptor. Selective receptor immunostaining was observed throughout the brain and brainstem. This immunostaining was totally prevented by preadsorbing the antibody with the immunogenic peptide. The regional distribution of the immunoreactivity conformed for the most part to that of [3H]‐ or [125I]‐neurotensin binding sites previously identified by autoradiography. Thus, the highest levels of immunostaining were observed in the islands of Calleja, diagonal band of Broca, magnocellular preoptic nucleus, pre‐ and parasubiculum, suprachiasmatic nucleus, anterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, pontine nuclei and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, all of which had previously been documented to contain high densities of neurotensin binding sites. There were, however, a number of regions reportedly endowed with neurotensin binding sites, including the central amygdaloid nucleus, periaqueductal gray, outer layer of the superior colliculus and dorsal tegmental nucleus, which showed no or divergent patterns of immunostaining, suggesting that they might be expressing a molecularly distinct form of the receptor. At the cellular level, neurotensin receptor immunoreactivity was predominantly associated with perikarya and dendrites in some regions (e.g., in the basal forebrain, ventral midbrain, pons and rostral medulla) and with axons and axon terminals in others (e.g., in the lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, neostriatum, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus and nucleus of the solitary tract). These data indicate that neurotensin may act both post‐ and presynaptically in the central nervous system and confirm that some of its effects are exerted on projection neurons. There were also areas, such as the cerebral cortex, nucleus accumbens and para‐ and periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, which contained both immunoreactive perikarya/dendrites and axon terminals, consistent with either a joint association of the receptor with afferent and efferent elements or its presence on interneurons. Taken together, these results also suggest that the neurotensin high affinity receptor protein is associated with a neuronal population that is more extensive than originally surmised from in situ hybridization studies. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion Tensor Changes Imaging Correlates with Lesion Volume in Right Cerebral Hemisphere Infarctions

Background Both a large lesion volume and abnormalities in diffusion tensor imaging are individually independently associated with a poor prognosis in patients with attention deficit after cerebral infarctions. Therefore, we assume that they are associated. This study assessed the correlations associations between large lesion volumes and diffusion tensor imaging in patients with a right-sided cerebral infarction and attention deficit. Methods The lesion volumes of 33 patients (age 65.9 ± 8.7, 26 males and 7 females) were imaged using computed tomography (CT) in the acute phase (within 24 3-4 hours) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the chronic phase (follow-up at 12 months, with a range of 8-27 months). The chronic-phase fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values were measured at the site of the infarct and selected white matter tracts. Neurological tests were assessed in both the acute and chronic phases, and DTI lateralization were assessed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The effects of thrombolytic therapy (n = 10) were assessed with the Mann-Whitney U test. The correlations between the measured parameters were analysed with Spearman's rho correlation. Bonferroni post-hoc correction was used to compensate for the familywise error rate in multiple comparisons. Results All theSeveral MD values in the right hemisphere correlated positively and FA values negatively with the lesion volumes, and the FA values in several locations showed a negative correlation with the lesion volumes. These correlations included both lesion area and healthy tissue. The results of the mini-mental state examination and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale also correlated with the lesion volume.
Nonlocal means algorithm using superformula kernel for image denoising

Using the superformula, a mathematic function describing many complex shapes and curves, this paper designs a new superformula kernel (SFK). We then introduce a novel nonlocal means (NLM) algorithm for image denoising by replacing the Gaussian kernel with the SFK. Simulations and comparisons demonstrate that the proposed kernel and algorithm show excellent denoising performance in terms of the peak signal and ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM).
Non-hodgkin's lymphoma of the tonsil

Abstract Over the 27-year period from 1954–1981, 51 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising in the tonsil were treated at the Regional Radiotherapy Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital. The original biopsy material was reviewed in each case and reclassified using the British National Lymphoma Investigation criteria. Grade 2 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was reported in 80 per cent of cases. Ninety per cent of patients presented in stages IE or HE and were treated with radical local radiotherapy. A 5-year survival of 51 per cent was achieved and a 5-year relapse-free survival of 35 per cent. Stage IE patients had a statistically significant survival advantage compared to stage HE. Sixty-one per cent of patients relapsed, of whom 74 per cent died from active lymphoma. The abdomen was the most frequent site for relapse with involvement of both nodal and extranodal sites.
Surgical treatment for thoracic hydatidosis: review of 1230 cases.

Hydatid disease, a serious health problem, is endemic in many sheep and cattle raising areas. Though many kinds of medicines were used experimentally, operation is the only effective treatment for thoracic hydatidosis. The surgical treatments of 1230 patients with the disease in our division between June 1957 and December 2002 are discussed below.
An Exploratory Study of the Cultural Habits Change Process Triggered by the Use of IT: A Faculty Student Knowledge-Sharing Platform Case Study

In this research, we explore the impact on teachers of implementation of the Faculty Student KnowledgeSharing Platform (FSKSP) in their college. Specifically, we focus on the effect on those teachers of the need to share publicly their knowledge and teaching material as the result of FSKSP implementation. In addition, we report the experience and progress they acquire when choosing to change their traditional, habitual teaching and sharing modes. The case study focuses on a college of technology well-renowned among universities in Taiwan for its fully integrated electronization of teaching. The study shows that delivery of knowledge to and sharing of knowledge with students through the FSKSP differs enormously from the long-established verbal knowledge sharing in classroom lectures. In choosing to use the FSKSP and making changes to the interaction between faculty and students, teachers go through the following stages: protection of professional dignity and expertise; panic about whether or not to make changes; compromise in response to information technology trends, and hesitation about whether to continue or to turn back. The research findings provide a good reference for college administrators advocating the introduction of information technology to construct the FSKSP. The findings also assist FSKSP system designers in gaining the necessary understanding of possible conflicts between system features and cultural habits when working to enhance system feature design.
Evaluation of the worth of Corynebacterium parvum in conjunction with chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment for primary breast cancer: Eight‐year results from the national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project B‐10

During the 1970s, information obtained from animal tumor models and from patients with a spectrum of solid tumors indicated the worth of a variety of immunostimulating agents. These findings provided a biological and clinical rationale for conducting randomized trials to evaluate the worth of those agents. Consequently, in May 1977 the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) implemented a randomized trial to determine whether Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum, CP) plus chemotherapy would be more effective than chemotherapy alone in prolonging the disease‐free survival (DFS) and survival (S) of patients with primary operable breast cancer and positive axillary nodes. The results of that trial through 8 years of follow‐up fail to indicate that treatment with CP used in conjunction with 1‐phenylalanine mustard (L‐PAM) plus 5‐fluorouracil (PF) results in a better DFS and S than that observed after chemotherapy alone. Use of the immunomodulator has instead resulted in a poorer, but not statistically significant, outcome. Despite adjustments made to account for any imbalance in distribution of prognostic factors between the two treatment groups and despite considering treatment compliance as a factor, the unfavorable outcome persisted. A high incidence of fever and chills was associated with the administration of CP. The administration of hydrocortisone before each CP treatment reduced the frequency of those and other systemic effects. The failure to demonstrate a benefit from CP is in keeping with the failure of other nonspecific stimulating agents to contribute to the creation of a new paradigm for the treatment of breast cancer.
An investigation of algorithm-induced variability in geoacoustic inversion

This paper investigates the inherent variability in the results of matched-field geoacoustic inversion algorithms. This algorithm-induced variability must be considered when interpreting inversion results in terms of environmental changes as a function of time or space. Fast simulated annealing (FSA), genetic algorithms (GA), and a hybrid algorithm (adaptive simplex simulated annealing; ASSA) are compared by performing multiple inversions of benchmark synthetic data (noise free and noisy) and acoustic data measured over both low- and high-speed sea-bed sediments in the MAPEX 2000 experiment. ASSA produced the lowest variability in inversion results for all cases, followed by GA and FSA. For the high-speed MAPEX 2000 case, the variability is essentially negligible, while for the low-speed case the variability is significant as compared with environmental variations reported in the literature.
Quelques éléments sur la conception et l'ingénierie des EIAH

Ce texte aborde quelques questions liees aux problematiques de la conception et de l'ingenierie des Environnements Informatiques pour l'Apprentissage Humain (EIAH). Apres un rappel du champ que couvre la recherche en EIAH et quelques elements generaux sur l'evolution de la nature des systemes dans le contexte des TIC nous abordons la position de la problematique de la conception par rapport a la recherche en informatique, les specificites de la conception d'un EIAH, la place des theories et des modeles et la question de l'ingenierie.
Mammary tumors expressing the neu proto-oncogene possess elevated c-Src tyrosine kinase activity

Amplification and overexpression of the neu (c-erbB2) proto-oncogene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of 20 to 30% of human breast cancers. Although the activation of Neu receptor tyrosine kinase appears to be a pivotal step during mammary tumorigenesis, the mechanism by which Neu signals cell proliferation is unclear. Molecules bearing a domain shared by the c-Src proto-oncogene (Src homology 2) are thought to be involved in signal transduction from activated receptor tyrosine kinases such as Neu. To test whether c-Src was implicated in Neu-mediated signal transduction, we measured the activity of the c-Src tyrosine kinase in tissue extracts from either mammary tumors or adjacent mammary epithelium derived from transgenic mice expressing a mouse mammary tumor virus promoter/enhancer/unactivated neu fusion gene. The Neu-induced mammary tumors possessed six- to eightfold-higher c-Src kinase activity than the adjacent epithelium. The increase in c-Src tyrosine kinase activity was not due to an increase in the levels of c-Src but rather was a result of the elevation of its specific activity. Moreover, activation of c-Src was correlated with its ability to complex tyrosine-phosphorylated Neu both in vitro and in vivo. Together, these observations suggest that activation of the c-Src tyrosine kinase during mammary tumorigenesis may occur through a direct interaction with activated Neu.
The importance of accurate pathological assessment of lymph node involvement in colorectal cancer

This review presents an up‐to‐date analysis of the importance of accurate pathological lymph node staging in colorectal cancer. Lymph node staging is reliant on the technique of the surgeon and the pathologist as well as methods employed in the histopathology laboratory, and is vital for determining appropriate therapy. The significance of micrometastatic nodal disease is evaluated and new techniques for pathological evaluation are discussed. Recommendations for evaluation of lymph node status in colorectal cancer are provided based on current scientific evidence, and standardization of pathological dissection and laboratory handling is advocated.
CXCR3 activation by lentivirus infection suppresses neuronal autophagy: neuroprotective effects of antiretroviral therapy

Previous studies have implicated CXCL12 in the neuropathogenesis of HIV infection. Proteolysis of CXCL12 generates a neurotoxic molecule, CXCL12(5‐67), which engages and activates CXCR3, in addition to exhibiting increased expression in the brains of patients with HIV‐associated dementia (HAD). Herein, we investigated CXCR3‐mediated neuronal injury, particularly, its contribution to autophagy suppression and the concomitant effects of antiretroviral therapy using human brain samples and models of HIV neuropathogenesis. Neurons in the brains of HAD patients and feline immunodeficiency virus (FlV)‐infected animals, as well as cultured human neurons, expressed CXCR3, which was modulated in a ligand‐specific manner. Exposure of human neurons to CXCL12(5‐67) caused a reduction in the autophagy‐associated molecule LC3 (P<0.05) and neuronal survival (P<0.05), which recapitulated findings in FIV‐ and HIV‐infected brains (P<0.05). Oral didanosine (ddI) treatment of FIV‐infected animals reduced neurobehavioral abnormalities in conjunction with diminished plasma viral load (P<0.05). F4/80 transcript abundance and CXCL12(5‐67) immunoreactivity were reduced with restored neuronal LC3 expression in the brains of FIV‐infected animals after ddI treatment (P<0.05). ddI treatment also prevented microglial activation and depletion of synaptic proteins in the cortex of FIV‐infected animals (P<0.05). These findings indicate that the beneficial effects of ddI might be a consequence of a reduced systemic viral burden and concurrent leukocyte activation, leading to diminished neuroinflammation with preservation of neuronal autophagy by regulating CXCR3 activation. —Zhu, Y. , Vergote, D. , Pardo, C. , Noorbakhsh, F. , McArthur, J. C. , Hollenberg, M. D. , Overall, C. M. , Power, C. CXCR3 activation by lentivirus infection suppresses neuronal autophagy: neuroprotective effects of antiretroviral therapy. FASEB J. 23, 2928–2941 (2009). www.fasebj. org
Reverse transcription of retroviral genomes: mutations in the terminal repeat sequences

The process of reverse transcription of retroviral genomes begins with the synthesis of a short DNA molecule near the 5' end of the RNA template. This molecule, termed minus-strand strong-stop DNA, is then translocated to the 3' end of the viral RNA by means of a repeated sequence, the R region, present at both ends of the template. The translocation should result in the transfer of genetic information from the 5' R region to the 3' R region. We have generated a series of mutants of Moloney murine leukemia virus with alterations in the R regions by in vitro mutagenesis of a cloned DNA copy of the viral genome. The altered DNAs were introduced into mouse cells by transfection, and the translocation of the mutations during viral replication was assessed. Some mutations were not transferred from the 5' R region to the 3' R region; these results were not in accord with current models for reverse transcription. The results can be explained if DNA molecules shorter than strong-stop DNA, formed by premature termination of synthesis, are sometimes translocated. A number of mutants with large deletions in the R region were tested and were able to replicate with normal strong-stop DNA translocation. Thus, short stretches of homology can be used by the virus to carry out strong-stop translocations.
De homo sapiens a homo zappiens: relações entre discentes e docentes diante das tecnologias digitais

Esta pesquisa se dedica a um estudo que tem por objetivo compreender as mudancas ocorridas nas relacoes de docentes e discentes, diante do uso das tecnologias digitais (TD), para analisar se existe sofrimento psiquico advindo desse processo, visando (re)pensarmos sua formacao docente. A investigacao analisa a importância das TD bem como o seu uso no cotidiano da sala de aula e no mundo pessoal, para perceber as dificuldades encontradas e verificar como os discentes e docentes se empenham para resolver essas questoes. O estudo se deu em uma instituicao de Ensino Superior do Vale do Paranhana - RS, no curso de Pedagogia. A metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho exploratorio, em que nos utilizamos das narrativas orais e escritas, por meio de coletas online de depoimentos dos discentes da disciplina de Educacao e Novas Tecnologias, de questionario online para ambos e de entrevista aberta com os docentes do curso. O aporte teorico fundamenta-se em Novoa (1993, 2007 e 2009), Charlot (2006), Arroyo (2011), Cunha (1997, 1998 e 2009) e outros que trabalham a formacao docente a partir de uma perspectiva de pensarmos a profissionalidade docente ligada a pessoalidade do professor; em Lemos (2002, 2013), Levy (1988,1999), Castells (2005) e demais pensadores para refletirmos a cultura cibernetica e o uso das TD nos ambientes escolares; em Freud (1980a, 1980b e 1980c), Aguiar e Almeida (2008), Codo(1999) e outros teoricos que se debrucam em analisar o sofrimento psiquico, o mal-estar na educacao. A interpretacao dos dados foi realizada a partir da analise de conteudo de Bardin (2004). Os resultados apontam que tanto discentes quanto docentes sao perpassados por sofrimento psiquico, aparecendo sentimentos de angustia, medo e frustracao, alem de apontar a necessidade de espacos de formacao permanentes diante das mudancas aceleradas e de politicas para a efetivacao do uso das TD nas instituicoes.
Efeitos da ginástica abdominal hipopressiva no puerpério imediato - estudo de casos

Algumas modificacoes fisiologicas inerentes do periodo gestacional e parto podem perdurar no organismo materno, acarretando possiveis complicacoes em longo prazo. Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar os efeitos da ginastica abdominal hipopressiva (GAH) no puerperio imediato. Metodo: trata-se de um estudo de caso com duas puerperas internadas em uma maternidade publica. Realizou-se mensuracao da diastase do musculo reto abdominal (DMRA), cirtometria toracica e perimetria abdominal, antes e apos o protocolo de GAH, aplicado dentro das 48 horas de internacao. Resultados: apos duas aplicacoes do protocolo de GAH, houve reducao da DMRA e alteracoes na expansibilidade toracica e perimetro abdominal, porem nao conclusivo devido o numero limitado de participantes. Consideracoes finais: a GAH e um recurso fisioterapeutico que pode ser utilizado no puerperio imediato, atuando precocemente nas alteracoes decorrentes da gestacao e parto, prevenindo posteriores complicacoes.
Constrained Rationality: Formal Value-Driven Enterprise Knowledge Management Modelling and Analysis Framework for Strategic Business, Technology and Public Policy Decision Making & Conflict Resolution

The complexity of the strategic decision making environments, in which businesses and governments live in, makes such decisions more and more difficult to make. People and organizations with access to the best known decision support modelling and analysis tools and methods cannot seem to benefit from such resources. We argue that the reason behind the failure of most current decision and game theoretic methods is that these methods are made to deal with operational and tactical decisions, not strategic decisions. While operational and tactical decisions are clear and concise with limited scope and short-term implications, allowing them to be easily formalized and reasoned about, strategic decisions tend to be more general, ill-structured, complex, with broader scope and long-term implications. This research work starts with a review of the current dominant modelling and analysis approaches, their strengths and shortcomings, and a look at how pioneers in the field criticize these approaches as restrictive and unpractical. Then, the work goes on to propose a new paradigm shift in how strategic decisions and conflicts should be modelled and analyzed. Constrained Rationality is a formal qualitative framework, with a robust methodological approach, to model and analyze ill-structured strategic single and multiagent decision making situations and conflicts. The framework brings back the strategic decision making problem to its roots, from being an optimization/efficiency problem about evaluating predetermined alternatives to satisfy predetermined preferences or utility functions, as most current decision and game theoretic approaches treats it, to being an effectiveness problem of: 1) identifying and modelling explicitly the strategic and conflicting goals of the involved agents (also called players and decision makers in our work), and the decision making context (the external and internal constraints including the agents priorities, emotions and attitudes); 2) finding, uncovering and/or creating the right set of alternatives to consider; and then 3) reasoning about the ability of each of these alternatives to satisfy the stated strategic goals the agents have, given their constraints. Instead of assuming that the agents’ alternatives and preferences are well-known, as most current decision and game theoretic approaches do, the Constrained Rationality framework start by capturing and modelling clearly the context of the strategic decision making situation, and then use this contextual knowledge to guide the process of finding the agents’ alternatives, analyzing them, and choosing the most effective one. The Constrained Rationality framework, at its heart, provides a novel set of