Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Region Naming Strategy for Image Parsing Using Neural Network

The object recognition problem is to determine which, if any, of a given set of objects appear in a given image or image sequence. Thus object recognition is a problem of matching models from a database with representations of those models extracted from the image luminance data. we propose a approach to the object recognition problem, motivated by the recent availability of large annotated image collections. In this approach we use the translation of image regions to words, similar to the translation of text from one language to another. The lexicon for the translation is learned from large annotated image collections, which consist of images that are associated with text. In this approach, we first segment the image into region, each of this region is represented by a token. The region are clustered in the tokens. This tokens are then match with the database to identify objects.
Myosin II regulates the shape of three-dimensional intestinal epithelial cysts

The development of luminal organs begins with the formation of spherical cysts composed of a single layer of epithelial cells. Using a model three-dimensional cell culture, this study examines the role of a cytoskeletal motor, myosin II, in cyst formation. Caco-2 and SK-CO15 intestinal epithelial cells were embedded into Matrigel, and myosin II was inhibited by blebbistatin or siRNA-mediated knockdown. Whereas control cells formed spherical cysts with a smooth surface, inhibition of myosin II induced the outgrowth of F-actin-rich surface protrusions. The development of these protrusions was abrogated after inhibition of F-actin polymerization or of phospholipase C (PLC) activity, as well as after overexpression of a dominant-negative ADF/cofilin. Surface protrusions were enriched in microtubules and their formation was prevented by microtubule depolymerization. Myosin II inhibition caused a loss of peripheral F-actin bundles and a submembranous extension of cortical microtubules. Our findings suggest that inhibition of myosin II eliminates the cortical F-actin barrier, allowing microtubules to reach and activate PLC at the plasma membrane. PLC-dependent stimulation of ADF/cofilin creates actin-filament barbed ends and promotes the outgrowth of F-actin-rich protrusions. We conclude that myosin II regulates the spherical shape of epithelial cysts by controlling actin polymerization at the cyst surface.
A preference ordered classification to leader learners identification in a MOOC

Abstract This paper presents a methodology relying on the DRSA approach (Dominance-based Rough Set Approach) so as to make a multi-criteria decision about the classification of a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC’s) learner in one of the two preference-ordered decision classes: Cl1 for ‘Not Leader Learners’ and Cl2 for ‘Leader Learners’. This methodology is based on two phases: the first aims at inferring a preference model while the second consists of classifying the MOOC’s learners in one of the two decision classes based on the previously inferred preference model. The first phase is made of three steps: the first is to identify assignment examples of learners, the second is to construct a family of criteria for learners’ characterization and the third is to infer a preference model resulting in a set of decision rules. This methodology is periodically implemented at the beginning of each current week of the MOOC using data of the previous week. It has been validated on real data of a French MOOC proposed by a business school in France.
A Prokaryotic S1P Lyase Degrades Extracellular S1P In Vitro and In Vivo: Implication for Treating Hyperproliferative Disorders

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) regulates a broad spectrum of fundamental cellular processes like proliferation, death, migration and cytokine production. Therefore, elevated levels of S1P may be causal to various pathologic conditions including cancer, fibrosis, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and aberrant angiogenesis. Here we report that S1P lyase from the prokaryote Symbiobacterium thermophilum (StSPL) degrades extracellular S1P in vitro and in blood. Moreover, we investigated its effect on cellular responses typical of fibrosis, cancer and aberrant angiogenesis using renal mesangial cells, endothelial cells, breast (MCF-7) and colon (HCT 116) carcinoma cells as disease models. In all cell types, wild-type StSPL, but not an inactive mutant, disrupted MAPK phosphorylation stimulated by exogenous S1P. Functionally, disruption of S1P receptor signaling by S1P depletion inhibited proliferation and expression of connective tissue growth factor in mesangial cells, proliferation, migration and VEGF expression in carcinoma cells, and proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Upon intravenous injection of StSPL in mice, plasma S1P levels rapidly declined by 70% within 1 h and then recovered to normal 6 h after injection. Using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane model we further demonstrate that also under in vivo conditions StSPL, but not the inactive mutant, inhibited tumor cell-induced angiogenesis as an S1P-dependent process. Our data demonstrate that recombinant StSPL is active under extracellular conditions and holds promise as a new enzyme therapeutic for diseases associated with increased levels of S1P and S1P receptor signaling.
HSNORT: A Hybrid Intrusion Detection System using Artificial Intelligence with Snort

: In this paper, we discussed a methodology of applying artificial intelligence into intrusion detection using snort system. Intrusions detection systems (IDSs) are systems that try to detect attacks as they occur or after the attacks took place. Hybrid Snort system is proposed for network security. A brief overview of Intrusion Detection System (IDS), snort, artificial intelligence and related detection techniques are discussed. The purpose of this paper is to describe some new ideas in intrusion detection system.
A geometric graph model of the coevolution between citations and coauthorships in scientific papers

Collaborations and citations within scientific research grow simultaneously and interact dynamically. Modelling the coevolution between them helps to study many phenomena that can be approached only through combining citation and coauthorship data. A geometric graph for the coevolution is proposed, the mechanism of which synthetically expresses the interactive impacts of authors and papers in a geometrical way. The model is validated against a data set of papers published in PNAS during 2000-2015. The validation shows the ability to reproduce a range of features observed with citation and coauthorship data combined and separately. Particulary, in the empirical distribution of citations per author there exist two limits, in which the distribution appears as a generalized Poisson and a power-law respectively. Our model successfully reproduces the shape of the distribution, and provides an explanation for how the shape emerges. The model also captures the empirically positive correlations between the numbers of authors' papers, citations and collaborators.
Reactive Astrogliosis Causes the Development of Spontaneous Seizures

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurologic diseases, yet approximately one-third of affected patients do not respond to anticonvulsive drugs that target neurons or neuronal circuits. Reactive astrocytes are commonly found in putative epileptic foci and have been hypothesized to be disease contributors because they lose essential homeostatic capabilities. However, since brain pathology induces astrocytes to become reactive, it is difficult to distinguish whether astrogliosis is a cause or a consequence of epileptogenesis. We now present a mouse model of genetically induced, widespread chronic astrogliosis after conditional deletion of β1-integrin (Itgβ1). In these mice, astrogliosis occurs in the absence of other pathologies and without BBB breach or significant inflammation. Electroencephalography with simultaneous video recording revealed that these mice develop spontaneous seizures during the first six postnatal weeks of life and brain slices show neuronal hyperexcitability. This was not observed in mice with neuronal-targeted β1-integrin deletion, supporting the hypothesis that astrogliosis is sufficient to induce epileptic seizures. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from astrocytes further suggest that the heightened excitability was associated with impaired astrocytic glutamate uptake. Moreover, the relative expression of the cation-chloride cotransporters (CCC) NKCC1 (Slc12a2) and KCC2 (Slc12a5), which are responsible for establishing the neuronal Cl− gradient that governs GABAergic inhibition were altered and the NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide eliminated seizures in a subgroup of mice. These data suggest that a shift in the relative expression of neuronal NKCC1 and KCC2, similar to that observed in immature neurons during development, may contribute to astrogliosis-associated seizures.
AUTOMATIC MIXING: LIVE DOWNMIXING STEREO PANNER TEMPLATES FOR DAFX04, NAPLES, ITALY

An automatic stereo panning algorithm intended for live multitrack downmixing has been researched. The algorithm uses spectral analysis to determine the panning position of sources. The method uses filter bank quantitative channel dependence, priority channel architecture and constrained rules to assign panning criteria. The algorithm attempts to minimize spectral masking by allocating similar spectra to different panning spaces. The algorithm has been implemented; results on its convergence, automatic panning space allocation, and left-right inter-channel phase relationship are presented.
Identiﬁcation and Characterization of an Operon of Helicobacter pylori That Is Involved in Motility and Stress Adaptation

We identiﬁed a novel stress-responsive operon ( sro ) of Helicobacter pylori that contains seven genes which are likely to be involved in cellular functions as diverse as chemotaxis, heat shock response, ion transport, and posttranslational protein modiﬁcation. The products of three of these genes show amino acid homologies to known proteins, such as the ﬂagellar motor switch protein CheY, a class of heat shock proteins, and the ribosomal protein L11 methyltransferase, and to a phosphatidyltransferase. In addition to containing an open reading frame of unknown function, the product of which is predicted to be membrane associated, the sro locus contains three open reading frames that have previously been described as constituting two separate loci, the ftsH gene and the copAP operon of H. pylori . Knockout mutants showed that CheY is essential for bacterial motility and that CopA, but not CopP, relieves copper toxicity. Transcriptional analyses indicated that this locus is regulated by a single promoter and that a positive effect on transcription is exerted by the addition of copper to the medium and by temperature upshift from 37 to 45°C. The possible role of this locus in H. pylori virulence is discussed. the 5 9 end of the copA gene was replaced with the kanamycin cassette. A copP mutant was constructed similarly by using PCR fragments of 768 and 316 bp obtained with primer pairs copp1-copp2 and copp3-copp4, respectively, as tar- gets for homologous recombination. The mutant contained a kanamycin cassette replacing 135 bp of the coding region of the copP gene. Characterization of the mutants was performed by Southern blot analysis or by PCR analysis with primers derived from regions ﬂanking the kanamycin cassette. Perkin-Elmer model was mixed 100 of each primer in a 100- m reaction m M deoxynucleotides and mM MgCl Reactions were performed by denaturing DNA at 94°C for 1 min, annealing it at appropriate temperatures for and extending it at 72°C for 1 min. A total of 30 cycles were performed.
Lysogeny at Mid-Twentieth Century: P1, P2, and Other Experimental Systems

Most of us doing research have a preferred material, a set of well-tried techniques, a standing list of unsolved problems, ways of looking at or of doing things, which we share to a large extent with colleagues in the same laboratory and others in the same area of specialization, be they friends, former associates, or competitors. All this and more is encompassed by the concept of "experimental system" as introduced and used by Hans-Jorg Rheinberger (76, 77), a historian of science. His concept, rather flexible and rich in metaphors, may be easily adapted to the present narrative, which proceeds from a personal view rather than from a critical historical examination. A careful restriction of material, techniques, and nomenclature allows more constructive interactions between different laboratories and different generations of scientists in the same field. Of course, carried out to excess, this process will stifle developments in new areas and defer some discoveries. Max Delbruck, who in the early forties had forcefully advocated the study of bacteriophage as the royal road to the secrets of replication and recombination, was quite outspoken about the necessity for workers on that road to use a common material (the T phages in Escherichia coli B) and precisely standardized techniques (1). Of course, the T phages are generally virulent, take-no-prisoner parasites of bacteria and thus could not instruct us about the more shadowy interactions between "weaker" bacteriophages and their bacterial hosts: about lysogeny, where infection meets heredity.
Bias of estimates of the number needed to treat

There are several commonly used measures of association between treatment and control event rates in the population (πT and πC, respectively). One such measure, the number needed to treat (NNT) indicates the number of patients, on average, who must be treated in order to prevent one additional adverse event, and is equal to 1/(πC‐πT). Because the population values πC and πT are unknown, the sample proportions (rates) pC and pT are used as estimates. The precision of a sample‐based estimator is usually exhibited in terms of confidence intervals. However, the accuracy of the estimator (i.e., its bias) is often ignored. The purpose of the present study is to examine the degree of bias.
External validation and extension of a diagnostic model for obstructive coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional predictive evaluation in 4888 patients of the Austrian Coronary Artery disease Risk Determination In Innsbruck by diaGnostic ANgiography (CARDIIGAN) cohort

Objective To externally validate and extend a recently proposed prediction model to diagnose obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), with the ultimate aim to better select patients for coronary angiography. Design Analysis of individual baseline data of a prospective cardiology cohort. Setting Single-centre secondary and tertiary cardiology clinic. Participants 4888 patients with suspected CAD, without known previous CAD or other heart diseases, who underwent an elective coronary angiography between 2004 and 2008 as part of the prospective Coronary Artery disease Risk Determination In Innsbruck by diaGnostic ANgiography (CARDIIGAN) cohort. Relevant data were recorded as in routine clinical practice. Main outcome measures The probability of obstructive CAD, defined as a stenosis of minimally 50% diameter in at least one of the main coronary arteries, estimated with the predictors age, sex, type of chest pain, diabetes status, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, smoking status and laboratory data. Missing predictor data were multiply imputed. Performance of the suggested models was evaluated according to discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, depicted by the c statistic) and calibration. Logistic regression modelling was applied for model updating. Results Among the 4888 participants (38% women and 62% men), 2127 (44%) had an obstructive CAD. The previously proposed model had a c statistic of 0.69 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.70), which was lower than the expected c statistic while correcting for case mix (c=0.80). Regarding calibration, there was overprediction of risk for high-risk patients. All logistic regression coefficients were smaller than expected, especially for the predictor ‘chest pain’. Extension of the model with high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fibrinogen, and C reactive protein led to better discrimination (c=0.72, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.74, p<0.001 for improvement). Conclusions The proposed prediction model has a moderate performance to diagnose obstructive CAD in an unselected patient group with suspected CAD referred for elective CA. A small, but significant improvement was attained by including easily available and measurable cardiovascular risk factors.
NEAS: Nonuniform Extraction of Attractive Structures for Image Analysis

The attractive structures in human perception often correspond to objects of interest and have great practical importance. Therefore, extracting the attractive structures from images is a fundamental problem in many image analysis tasks. We in this letter propose a novel nonuniform method to maintain the attractive structures for image analysis while removing meaningless details. Our nonuniform method is not limited to special type of datum and structure and performs better than the existing L0 norm based operator which is a uniform method proposed on regular image grid. Besides, due to the nonconvex and nonsmooth property of corresponding optimization, a strategy based on proximal algorithm is put forward to obtain fast convergence in practice. Though the model with our proposed nonuniform operator can be used for various applications, we choose the tasks of image smoothing and saliency detection to demonstrate the well performance of our model and show its superiority against other state-of-the-art alternatives.
Reduced-order observer design using a Lagrangian method

This paper considers the problem of reduced-order observer design. A design procedure is proposed in which the impulse response of the observer is treated as the solution of a general optimization problem. Using principles from variational analysis, the corresponding Lagrangian system is reduced so as to yield observers of reduced-order. Using this approach, two different observer design problems are discussed and compared on an industrial example.
Individual differences in very young Chinese children’s English vocabulary breadth and semantic depth: internal and external factors

ABSTRACT This study examines the English vocabulary development of 43 very young child English as a foreign language (FL) learners (age 3.2–6.2) in China. They were tested twice for vocabulary breadth (reception and production) and semantic depth (paradigmatic and syntagmatic vocabulary knowledge). The development of the English vocabulary knowledge between these two measurements was predicted using a series of internal factors and external factors. An exploratory mixed-effects regression analysis revealed that English use, interacting with age of English onset, significantly predicted such growth. Older children benefitted more from practicing English to enhance their English vocabulary. The amount of English input at school was found to positively impact the development of English syntagmatic knowledge. Chinese paradigmatic knowledge significantly influenced the growth of English paradigmatic and syntagmatic knowledge. These findings indicate that at least at an early stage, external factors play an important role in child FL vocabulary development, particularly in children with a later age of English onset. Furthermore, the transfer of concepts from the first language to the second language (L2) might be more pronounced with respect to L2 semantic depth than L2 vocabulary breadth. This conceptual transfer is relevant to FL learners as young as three years of age.
The distribution of pageRank follows a power-law only for particular values of the damping factor

We show that the empirical distribution of the PageRank values in a large set of Web pages does not follow a power-law except for some particular choices of the damping factor. We argue that for a graph with an in-degree distribution following a power-law with exponent between 2.1 and 2.2, choosing a damping factor around 0.85 for PageRank yields a power-law distribution of its values. We suggest that power-law distributions of PageRank in Web graphs have been observed because the typical damping factor used in practice is between 0.85 and 0.90.
Thresholds for epidemic spreading in networks

We study the threshold of epidemic models in quenched networks with degree distribution given by a power-law. For the susceptible-infected-susceptible model the activity threshold λ(c) vanishes in the large size limit on any network whose maximum degree k(max) diverges with the system size, at odds with heterogeneous mean-field (HMF) theory. The vanishing of the threshold has nothing to do with the scale-free nature of the network but stems instead from the largest hub in the system being active for any spreading rate λ>1/√k(max) and playing the role of a self-sustained source that spreads the infection to the rest of the system. The susceptible-infected-removed model displays instead agreement with HMF theory and a finite threshold for scale-rich networks. We conjecture that on quenched scale-rich networks the threshold of generic epidemic models is vanishing or finite depending on the presence or absence of a steady state.
Required length of follow‐up after transanal advancement flap repair of high transsphincteric fistulas

Objective Repair of high perianal fistulas presents a major surgical challenge. Transanal advancement flap repair (TAFR) provides a useful tool in the treatment of these fistulas. Initially promising results have been reported. More recent studies indicate that TAFR fails in one out of three patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the appropriate length of follow‐up needed to assess the healing rate after TAFR of high transsphincteric fistulas.
Multi-physics optimization of high power density induction machines for railway traction drives

This paper applies a multi-physics optimization exemplary considering electromagnetic and aero-/ thermo-dynamic performance. Today, electrical drives used for railway traction face limited space constrains which leads to high power density machines. That requires advanced cooling concepts that are able to highly effectively discharge heat without adding more volume and weight in the boggy. A novel optimization approach for internal forced air-cooled traction drives will be presented. The optimization method integrates multi-physic performance evaluations. As an example, here, the coupling of aero- and thermodynamic cooling performance with electromagnetic performance evaluation is presented. However, the method is made to be easily extended to consider additional physics e. □g. material strength or acoustic objectives, production cost functions or additional limiting constraints. FEA (finite element analysis) is used for obtaining electromagnetic properties whether analytical code is used to rate the amount of heat discharged by the cooling fluid. The aero-/ thermodynamic performance of the optimized solution is finally validated by full CFD (computational fluid dynamics) with conjugate heat transfer.