Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classifying the population as BPL or non-BPL using Multilayer Neural Network

Below Poverty Line (BPL) is an economic benchmark and poverty threshold used by the government to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. In this paper a methodology is shown to classify as BPL or non BPL using Artificial Neural Network. Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) network will be used for classification. This classification will take very less time and provides efficient results. Further the effect of network architecture on performance is shown on this application. value is selected from three of its sub parameters . Here values for each sub parameter are taken as 0.3 for first one, 0.5 for second one and 0.7 for third one . Such 13 values for each person will be collected. In this paper classification on the basis of these parameters is done by using Neural Network. Neural network can learn few input and target patterns (combinations of above values) they can determine the output of unseen patterns or new patterns of above parameters. So this will give optimization with respect to timings. Here performance for this classification will also depend on network structure this network structure will constitute of number of hidden layers, nodes in each layer if we change number of hidden layers network will learn in different manner and respond differently and number of node in the hidden layer also affect the performance measure and misclassified inputs.
A modified projection based learning algorithm for a meta-cognitive radial basis function classifier

In this paper, we propose a modified Meta-Cognitive Radial Basis Function Network (McRBFN+) and its Projection Based Learning (PBL) algorithm for classification problems. During learning, as each sample is presented to McRBFN+, the modified meta-cognitive component monitors the prediction error and class-wise significance in cognitive component (RBFN) to efficiently decide on what-to-learn, when-to-learn and how-to-learn. The what-to-learn action is realized by sample-deletion-strategy, wherein samples with similar information content as the network are deleted without being learnt. The how-to-learn action realized by sample-learning-strategy decides on addition of new rule or update of existing neurons. A few samples not satisfying either what-to-learn or how-to-learn are reserved to be considered for learning at a later time by when-to-learn action. The sample-learning-strategy employs a PBL learning algorithm to evolve the structure and adapt the parameters of McRBFN+. The aim of PBL algorithm is to find the optimal output weight such that the sum of squared prediction error is minimized. During rule addition, meta-cognitive component performs judgement-of-learning to monitor and avoid any retrospective knowledge corruption. This helps the network avoid over-training as well as ensure knowledge is learnt efficiently. The performance of PBL-McRBFN+ classifier is evaluated on a set of benchmark classification problems from UCI machine learning repository. The performance comparison with existing methods indicate promising results.
Is tidal expiratory flow limitation predictive of sleep-related disorders in the elderly?

Sleep-related disorders represent an important health burden and their prevalence increases with age. In patients with snoring or sleepiness, the presence of expiratory flow limitation (EFL), determined via the negative expiratory pressure (NEP) method, is related to the apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI). In this study, we examined whether EFL can be used to predict obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in healthy asymptomatic older subjects. A group of 72-yr-old subjects (n = 448, 44% males) with a mean body mass index of 25.5±3.8 kg·m−2 were examined. All subjects underwent spirometry, NEP (-5 cmH2O, sitting position) and ventilatory polygraphy (VP). Spirometry was within normal values in 88% of the group and EFL was present in 143 (32%) subjects with a higher prevalence in females (89 out of 249 versus 54 out of 199 in females and males, respectively). VP showed an AHI<15 h−1 in 238 subjects (53%) and OSAS with an AHI ≥15 h−1 in 47%. EFL was found in 15% of subjects with OSAS. Consequently, EFL had low sensitivity and specificity in the prediction of OSAS (31.4% and 67.7%, respectively). We conclude that the prevalence of EFL is elevated in healthy older subjects and cannot be used to predict the presence of sleep-related disorders in an older population.
1 Self Referential Strategies and Reciprocity in Static Games

This paper analyzes Bayesian normal form games in which players write contracts that condition their actions on the contracts of other players. These contracts are required to be representable in a formal language. This is accomplished by constructing contracts which are de nable functions of the Godel code of every other players contract. We provide a complete characterization of the set of allocations supportable as pure strategy Bayesian equilibria of this contracting game. When information is complete, this characterization provides a folk theorem. In general, the set of supportable allocations is smaller than the set supportable by a centralized mechanism designer. 1 Self Referential Strategies and Reciprocity in Static Games In this paper we characterize the allocation rules attainable by players in a Bayesian game when they have the ability to commit themselves by writing contracts that condition on other players contracts. The idea that contracts might condition on other contracts is not new in economics. The most commonly known expression of this idea is well known in the industrial organization literature (e.g. (Salop 1986)) as the meet the competitionclause in which one rm commits itself to lower its price when any of its competitors does. A similar idea appears in trade theory as the principle of reciprocity ((Bagwell and Staiger 2001)). Countries enact trade legislation in which they agree to abide by a trade agreement like GATT. Such legislation commits the country to lowering tari¤s in response to trade legislation by another country that lowers tari¤s, provided this other countrys legislation agrees to abide by GATT. Finally, tax treaties sometimes have this avor for example, out of state residents who work in Pennsylvania are exempt from Pennsylvania tax as long as they live in a state that has a reciprocalagreement that exempts out of state residents (presumably from Pennsylvania) from state taxes.1 We would like to thank the editor and three referees for many useful suggestions that we ended up incorporating into the paper. 1http://www.revenue. state.pa. us/revenue/cwp/view.asp? A=238&Q=244681
An Optimal Distributed Constraint Optimisation Algorithm for Efficient Energy Management

The deregulation of the electricity industry in Europe has created a number of marketplaces in which producers and consumers can operate in order to more effectively manage and meet their energy needs. To this end, in previous work we introduced a new market design where consumers allocate the supply of the energy they need in a number of simultaneous reverse combinatorial auctions. To do this efficiently, each consumer needs to coordinate and optimise the use of its various appliances to achieve the best possible consumption schedule according to the received bids. In particular, this paper models each client's constellation of devices as a distributed constraint optimisation problem (DCOP) and we develop a novel optimal algorithm (COBB - constraint optimisation by broadcasting) for solving it. We also evaluate COBB, prove its optimality and show how it outperforms other comparable algorithms
A general attraction model and an efficient formulation for the network revenue management problem

This paper addresses two concerns with the state of the art in network revenue management with dependent demands. The first concern is that the basic attraction model (BAM), of which the multinomial model (MNL) is a special case, may overestimate recapture in certain cases. The second concern is that the choice based deterministic linear program (CBLP), currently in use to derive heuristics for the stochastic network revenue management (SNRM) problem, has an exponential number of variables. We introduce a generalized attraction model (GAM) that has both the BAM and the independent demand model (IDM) as special cases. We also provide an axiomatic justification for the GAM and an E-M to estimate its parameters. As a choice model, the GAM should be of interest to those seeking a model that is not as optimistic as the BAM nor as pessimistic as the IDM in estimating recaptured demand. Our second contribution is a new formulation called the Sales Based Linear Program (SBLP) for the GAM. This formulation avoids the exponential number of variables in the CBLP and is essentially the same size as the formulation for the IDM. The SBLP should be of interest to revenue managers (even if their preferred choice model is the BAM) as it dramatically reduces the number of variables. Together these two contributions move forward the state of the art for network revenue management and allow for a wide range of effects including: partial demand dependencies, multiple time periods, inventory sharing across cabins, and competitive effects. In addition, the formulation yields new insights into the assortment problem that arises when capacities are infinite.
Information and College Decisions: Evidence From the Texas GO Center Project

We study GO Centers, a college information program that is run by student peers and provides information about all aspects of the college-going process to academically prepared students on the margin of attending college. We use the semi-random rollout of the program along with detailed panel data on the universe of Texas public school students to identify both short- and long-term program impacts. GO Centers led to a large increase in college application rates and a small increase in college enrollment rates, yet no increase in college completion rates. These results underscore the need to assess long-term outcomes in evaluations of educational interventions targeting college enrollment, and suggest that students at the margin of enrolling in college may require additional supports during college to successfully complete college degrees.
Characterization of Two Monoclonal Antibodies That Recognize Linker Region and Carboxyl Terminal Domain of Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein

The transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) nucleocapsid (N) protein plays important roles in the replication and translation of viral RNA. The present study provides the first description of two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (5E8 and 3D7) directed against the TGEV N protein linker region (LKR) and carboxyl terminal domain (CTD). The mAbs 5E8 and 3D7 reacted with native N protein in western blotting and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Two linear epitopes, 189SVEQAVLAALKKLG202 and 246VTRFYGARSSSA257, located in the LKR and CTD of TGEV N protein, respectively, were identified after truncating the protein and applying a peptide scanning technique. Using mAb 5E8, we observed that the N protein was expressed in the cytoplasm during TGEV replication and that the protein could be immunoprecipitated from TGEV-infected PK-15 cells. The mAb 5E8 can be applied for different approaches to diagnosis of TGEV infection. In addition, the antibodies represent useful tools for investigating the antigenic properties of the N protein.
Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder after pediatric solid organ transplantation: experiences of 20 years in a single center

Purpose To evaluate the clinical spectrum of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) after solid organ transplantation (SOT) in children. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 18 patients with PTLD who underwent liver (LT) or kidney transplantation (KT) between January 1995 and December 2014 in Seoul National University Children's Hospital. Results Eighteen patients (3.9% of pediatric SOTs; LT:KT, 11:7; male to female, 9:9) were diagnosed as having PTLD over the last 2 decades (4.8% for LT and 2.9% for KT). PTLD usually presented with fever or gastrointestinal symptoms in a median period of 7 months after SOT. Eight cases had malignant lesions, and all the patients except one had evidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) involvement, assessed by using in situ hybridization of tumor tissue or EBV viral load quantitation of blood. Remission was achieved in all patients with reduction of immunosuppression and/or rituximab therapy or chemotherapy, although 1 patient had allograft kidney loss and another died from complications of chemotherapy. The first case of PTLD was encountered after the introduction of tacrolimus for pediatric SOT in 2003. The recent increase in PTLD incidence in KT coincided with modification of clinical practice since 2012 to increase the tacrolimus trough level. Conclusion While the outcome was favorable in that all patients achieved complete remission, some patients still had allograft loss or mortality. To prevent PTLD and improve its outcome, monitoring for EBV infection is essential, which would lead to appropriate modification of immunosuppression and enhanced surveillance for PTLD.
Preferential Entry of Botulinum Neurotoxin A Hc Domain through Intestinal Crypt Cells and Targeting to Cholinergic Neurons of the Mouse Intestine

Botulism, characterized by flaccid paralysis, commonly results from botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) absorption across the epithelial barrier from the digestive tract and then dissemination through the blood circulation to target autonomic and motor nerve terminals. The trafficking pathway of BoNT/A passage through the intestinal barrier is not yet fully understood. We report that intralumenal administration of purified BoNT/A into mouse ileum segment impaired spontaneous muscle contractions and abolished the smooth muscle contractions evoked by electric field stimulation. Entry of BoNT/A into the mouse upper small intestine was monitored with fluorescent HcA (half C-terminal domain of heavy chain) which interacts with cell surface receptor(s). We show that HcA preferentially recognizes a subset of neuroendocrine intestinal crypt cells, which probably represent the entry site of the toxin through the intestinal barrier, then targets specific neurons in the submucosa and later (90–120 min) in the musculosa. HcA mainly binds to certain cholinergic neurons of both submucosal and myenteric plexuses, but also recognizes, although to a lower extent, other neuronal cells including glutamatergic and serotoninergic neurons in the submucosa. Intestinal cholinergic neuron targeting by HcA could account for the inhibition of intestinal peristaltism and secretion observed in botulism, but the consequences of the targeting to non-cholinergic neurons remains to be determined.
Feature selection using Binary-ABC algorithm for DWT-based face recognition

Face recognition is non-invasive due to various challenges like illumination variation, pose variation and limitation of 2D images from most of the image capturing technologies. In this paper three novel techniques are proposed namely Binary Artificial Bee Colony (BABC), horizontal feature extraction and feature gallery expansion. BABC is a binary version of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) which is employed as feature selection technique for efficient reduction in selected features. It optimally selects the features from the feature vector space. Horizontal feature extraction is used for extracting unique features for face images. Feature gallery expansion is employed to increase the feature galley size for better recognition. Experimental results on two standard face databases namely LFW and CAS-PEAL indicates the consistency of the proposed techniques and prominent enhancement in face recognition.
Is Embodied Technology the Result of Upstream R&D? Industry-Level Evidence

In this paper, I develop an industry-level index of capital-embodied R&D by capturing the extent of research and development directed at the capital goods in which a given industry invests. Compiling and adjusting data from the National Science Foundation and Commerce Department, I construct industry-level, time-series measures of this index and investigate its properties. The data allow me to identify the R&D directed at the development of specific types of capital rather than incorrectly assuming industry R&D spending is equivalent to R&D directed at the industry's product, an assumption typically made in the R&D literature. It is first shown that R&D directed at a type of capital is a good measure of its technological change. The constructed index of an industry's capital-embodied R&D is then compared to rates of embodied technological change estimated using plant-level manufacturing data. The index of embodied R&D is found to be positively and significantly related to the estimated rates of embodied technological change. Likewise, embodied R&D is shown to have a positive and significant effect on conventionally-measured total factor productivity growth (i.e. the Solow Residual). This has two implications. First, the capital component of the Solow Residual is generally mismeasured as it does not adequately capture technological change. Second, the constructed index of embodied R&D is proportional to true embodied technological change. Rates of embodied technological change are thus imputed for non-manufacturing industries using the estimated relationship between embodied R&D and embodied technological change found in the manufacturing data.
Repression of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) Signaling by AHR Repressor: Role of DNA Binding and Competition for AHR Nuclear Translocator

Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin causes altered gene expression and toxicity. The AHR repressor (AHRR) inhibits AHR signaling through a proposed mechanism involving competition with AHR for dimerization with AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT) and binding to AHR-responsive enhancer elements (AHREs). We sought to delineate the relative roles of competition for ARNT and AHREs in the mechanism of repression. In transient transfections in which AHR2-dependent transactivation was repressed by AHRR1 or AHRR2, increasing ARNT expression failed to reverse the repression, suggesting that AHRR inhibition of AHR signaling does not occur through sequestration of ARNT. An AHRR1 point mutant (AHRR1-Y9F) that could not bind to AHREs but that retained its nuclear localization was only slightly reduced in its ability to repress AHR2, demonstrating that AHRR repression does not occur solely through competition for AHREs. When both proposed mechanisms were blocked (AHRR1-Y9F plus excess ARNT), AHRR remained functional. AHRR1 neither blocked AHR nuclear translocation nor reduced the levels of AHR2 protein. Experiments using AHRR1 C-terminal deletion mutants showed that amino acids 270 to 550 are dispensable for repression. These results demonstrate that repression of AHR transactivation by AHRR involves the N-terminal portion of AHRR; does not involve competition for ARNT; and does not require binding to AHREs, although AHRE binding can contribute to the repression. We propose a mechanism of AHRR action involving “transrepression” of AHR signaling through protein-protein interactions rather than by inhibition of the formation or DNA binding of the AHR-ARNT complex.
Mechanism of codon-anticodon interaction in ribosomes. Direct functional evidence that isolated 30S subunits contain two condon- specific binding sites for transfer RNA

30S subunits were isolated capable to bind simultaneously two molecules of Phe-tRNAPhe (or N-Acetyl-Phe-tRNAPhe), both poly(U) dependent. The site with higher affinity to tRNA was identified as P site. tRNA binding to this site was not inhibited by low concentrations of tetracycline (2 x 10(-5)M) and, on the other hand, N-Acetyl-Phe-tRNAPhe, initially prebound to the 30S.poly(U) complex in the presence of tetracycline, reacted with puromycin quantitatively after addition of 50S subunits. The site with lower affinity to tRNA revealed features of the A site: tetracycline fully inhibited the binding of both Phe-tRNAPhe and N-Acetyl-Phe-tRNAPhe. Binding of two molecules of Phe-tRNAPhe to the 30S.poly(U) complex followed by the addition of 50S subunits resulted in the formation of (Phe)2-tRNAPhe in 75-90% of the reassociated 70S ribosomes. These results prove that isolated 30S subunits contain two physically distinct centers for the binding of specific aminoacyl- (or peptidyl-) tRNA. Addition of 50S subunits results in the formation of whole 70S ribosomes with usual donor and acceptor sites.
Inducing Relatedness Graphs for Data Integration

In this paper, we present the AbsMatcher system for schema matching which uses a graph based approach. AbsMatcher creates a graph of related attributes within a schema, mines similarity between attributes in different schemas, and then combines all information using the ABSURDIST graph matching algorithm. The focus of this paper is on methods for generating relationships which are semantic in nature, but only require a simple data model. These relationships sources provide a baseline to be used when no others are available. Simulations demonstrate how the use of automatically mined graphs of within-schema relationships, when combined with cross-schema pair-wise similarity, can result in matching accuracy not attainable by either source of information on its own.
Some Elements of a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St Brieuc Bay

This paper outlines a new approach to the study of power, that of the sociology of translation. Starting from three principles, those of agnosticism (impartiality between actors engaged in controversy), generalised symmetry (the commitment to explain conflicting viewpoints in the same terms) and free association (the abandonment of all a priori distinctions between the natural and the social), the paper describes a scientific and economic controversy about the causes for the decline in the population of scallops in St. Brieuc Bay and the attempts by three marine biologists to develop a conservation strategy for that population. Four ‘moments’ of translation are discerned in the attempts by these researchers to impose themselves and their definition of the situation on others: (a) problematisation: the researchers sought to become indispensable to other actors in the drama by denning the nature and the problems of the latter and then suggesting that these would be resolved if the actors negotiated the ‘obligatory passage point’ of the researchers' programme of investigation; (b) interessement: a series of processes by which the researchers sought to lock the other actors into the roles that had been proposed for them in that programme; (c) enrolment: a set of strategies in which the researchers sought to define and interrelate the various roles they had allocated to others; (d) mobilisation: a set of methods used by the researchers to ensure that supposed spokesmen for various relevant collectivities were properly able to represent those collectivities and not betrayed by the latter. In conclusion it is noted that translation is a process, never a completed accomplishment, and it may (as in the empirical case considered) fail.