Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Globalisation and insecurity

We construct a simple model of the e¤ect of increased interna-tional openness on risk bearing in an environment in which the onlyrisk-sharing institutions are self-enforcing agreements. We showhow increased openness can weaken long-term relationships, andhence risk sharing, by increasing the e¤ectiveness of the market,much as some critics of globalization have argued. However, theharm thereby done is tempered by the fact that in order to havesuch a negative indirect e¤ect, openness must have a direct e¤ectthat reduces risk. It is shown that on balance, globalization reducesrisk and raises welfare for those in small countries, but increases riskand reduces welfare for those in large countries. We construct a simple model of the e¤ect of increased interna-tional openness on risk bearing in an environment in which the onlyrisk-sharing institutions are self-enforcing agreements. We showhow increased openness can weaken long-term relationships, andhence risk sharing, by increasing the e¤ectiveness of the market,much as some critics of globalization have argued. However, theharm thereby done is tempered by the fact that in order to havesuch a negative indirect e¤ect, openness must have a direct e¤ectthat reduces risk. It is shown that on balance, globalization reducesrisk and raises welfare for those in small countries, but increases riskand reduces welfare for those in large countries.
Streptococcus gordonii Biofilm Formation: Identification of Genes that Code for Biofilm Phenotypes

ABSTRACT Viridans streptococci, which include Streptococcus gordonii, are pioneer oral bacteria that initiate dental plaque formation. Sessile bacteria in a biofilm exhibit a mode of growth that is distinct from that of planktonic bacteria. Biofilm formation ofS. gordonii Challis was characterized using an in vitro biofilm formation assay on polystyrene surfaces. The same assay was used as a nonbiased method to screen isogenic mutants generated by Tn916 transposon mutagenesis for defective biofilm formation. Biofilms formed optimally when bacteria were grown in a minimal medium under anaerobic conditions. Biofilm formation was affected by changes in pH, osmolarity, and carbohydrate content of the growth media. Eighteen biofilm-defective mutants ofS. gordonii Challis were identified based on Southern hybridization with a Tn916-based probe and DNA sequences of the Tn916-flanking regions. Molecular analyses of these mutants showed that some of the genes required for biofilm formation are involved in signal transduction, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and adhesion. These characteristics are associated with quorum sensing, osmoadaptation, and adhesion functions in oral streptococci. Only nine of the biofilm-defective mutants had defects in genes of known function, suggesting that novel aspects of bacterial physiology may play a part in biofilm formation. Further identification and characterization of biofilm-associated genes will provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of biofilm formation of oral streptococci.
Impact of a Resistant Dextrin with a Prolonged Oxidation Pattern on Day-Long Ghrelin Profile

Objectives: The effects of a new resistant dextrin ingested at breakfast on day-long metabolic parameters and ghrelin profile at subsequent lunch were investigated. Methods: In this randomized, single-blinded, crossover study, 12 healthy men ingested a standardized breakfast with 50 g of NUTRIOSE 10, a resistant dextrin (RD), or of maltodextrin (Malto) and a standardized lunch 5 hours later. Both products (RD and Malto) were derived from corn naturally rich in 13C to follow their metabolic fate (by using stable isotope analysis). Oxidation and fermentation patterns were assessed by simultaneous 13CO2/H2 breath testing. The appearance of exogenous 13C-glucose in plasma, glycemia, insulinemia, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and ghrelin concentrations were measured for 10 hours following breakfast ingestion. Results: With RD, H2 excretion (fermentation) was significantly enhanced compared with Malto, whereas the appearance of 13CO2 (oxidation) was significantly prolonged (p < 0.0001). Following breakfast, ghrelin secretion was significantly less inhibited and NEFA concentration was higher with RD (p < 0.05), but unexpectedly, both remained lower after lunch and up to T600 minutes. According to the reduced bioavailability of RD compared with Malto, the appearance of 13C-glucose in plasma (p < 0.0001) and glycemic and insulinemic responses to breakfast (p < 0.05) were significantly reduced. Conclusions: Ingestion of this new resistant dextrin at breakfast decreased ghrelin concentrations in response to the subsequent lunch, even if the caloric load ingested at breakfast was lower. This effect may be linked to the prolonged fermentation/oxidation pattern seen in the late postprandial phase (up to 10 hours after ingestion at breakfast), and thus prolonged energy release with the resistant dextrin.
The role of blood capillaries in the formation of inflammatory exudate

LOCAL application of permeability agents like histamine or bradykinin induces transient and reversible separation of endothelial cells in venules and small veins (Majno and Palade, 1961). If larger marker particles like colloidal carbon are injected intravenously they escape between the separated endothelial cells, are arrested by the vascular basement membrane and label the vessels affected by the permeability-increasing agent (Majno, Palade and Schoefl, 1961). The vascular labelling pattern in experimental inflammation is more complex, and carbon deposition may occur in veins of all sizes, venules, capillaries and occasionally in arterioles (Hurley, 1972; Ryan & Majno, 1977). The labelling in venules is similar to that produced by histamine, but capillary labelling is both complex and variable. Sometimes, as after local application of dehydromonocrotaline (DHM), the carbon in almost all labelled capillaries is intramural and clearly reflects protein leakage (Hurley and Jago, 1976). More commonly the carbon in most labelled capillaries lies within the vascular lumen, admixed with variable amounts of fibrin and platelets. Defects in the endothelium are visible in some but not all labelled capillaries of this kind. Some consider this type of labelling to be a valid index of increased capillary permeability, but others feel it is a consequence of damage to capillary endothelium and unrelated to vascular leakage. After histological study of thermal and chemical injury to rat muscle, Wells (1971, 1972) concluded that the initial deposition of carbon in labelled capillaries is intramural, but that if exposure to circulating carbon persists for more than 10-15 min., secondary carbon deposition occurs on top of the intramural deposit to form a large intraluininal plug. Qn this hypothesis capillaries plugged with carbon are a valid index of increased capillary permeability. Experience has shown that it is exceedingly difficult to determine the precise location of carbon in capillaries in 5 pm sections of the type used by Wells, and the primary aim of the present experiments was to attempt to confirm his claims using more sensitive methods-the study of 1 pm plastic-embedded sections and electron microscopy. To see if secondary deposition of marker particles on top of a primary intramural deposit is peculiar to colloidal carbon, similar
INSTRUMENTAL AND TECHNICAL NOTES: A PLANNING DEVICE FOR USE WITH BEAM DIRECTION SHELLS.

High energy machines such as cobalt units and linear accelerators are engineered to produce well defined radiation fields and to adjust the beam axis in the desired direction with great accuracy. The accuracy of treatment then depends to a large extent on the immobility of the patient during treatment and this can best be achieved by the use of a beam direction shell which ensures minimum movement relative to the treatment couch. The required treatment volume is identified within the shell by the usual techniques of X-ray localisation. The planning device described in this article was designed to take a contour from a transparent plastic shell in any desired treatment plane and, after the treatment has been planned within the contour, to transfer back to the shell the chosen beam direction. The device will locate the entry and exit points on the surface of the shell; alternatively, it can make a ¼ in. hole through the shell in the required beam direction by means of an electrically heated pointer. The pri.
(2,4-Dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylato-κ2 O 4,O 5)(4-oxido-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylato-κ2 O 4,O 5)bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)yttrium(III) dihydrate

In the title compound, [Y(C5H2N2O4)(C5H3N2O4)(C12H8N2)2]·2H2O, the YIII ion lies on a twofold rotation axis and exhibits a distorted square-antiprismatic coordination geometry. It is chelated by two 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, a 2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate monoanion and a 4-oxido-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate dianion. The H atom involved in an N—H⋯N hydrogen bond between the 1,2-dihydropyrimidine units has half occupancy and is disordered around a twofold rotation axis.
Lattice Boltzmann simulations of binary fluid flow through porous media

The lattice Boltzmann equation is often advocated as a simulation tool that is particularly effective for complex fluids such as multiphase and multicomponent flows through porous media. We construct a three–dimensional 19 velocity lattice Boltzmann model for immiscible binary fluids with variable viscosities and density ratio based on the model proposed by Gunstensen. The model is tested for the following binary fluid flow problems: a stationary planar interface among two fluids; channel flow of immiscible binary fluids; the Laplace problem; and a rising bubble. The results agree well with semi–analytic results in a range of the Eo¨tvo¨s, Morton and Reynolds number. We also present preliminary simulation results for two large–scale realistic applications: the flow of an air–water mixture in a waste–water batch reactor and the saturation hysteresis effect in soil flow. We discuss some limitations of the lattice Boltzmann method in the simulation of realistic and difficult multiphase problems.
Implicit semantic roles in discourse

El Etiquetado de Roles Semanticos Implicitos es la tarea de encontrar los roles de unpredicado mas alla de los los limites de la frase o de las relaciones sintacticas directas.Para este tipo de analisis, un sistema debe combinar tecnicas de procesamiento tanto anivel semantico como a nivel pragmatico. En esta tesis se presenta un propuesta queconsiste en enfrentar la resolucion de roles implicitos tratandolos como un tipo deexpresiones anaforicas que dependen de la informacion correferente de los eventos.Ademas tambien se afronta el problema de la escasez de datos de entrenamiento paraesta tarea. Con el objetivo de cubrir estos dos aspectos proponemos tresaproximaciones diferentes a la tarea.Nuestro primer enfoque sigue los trabajos previos que relacionan los roles implicitoscon coreferencia nominal. Para ello estudiamos un conjunto de modelos y metodosusados habitualmente para la resolucion de correferencia y de anafora para adaptarlosde forma que sean los mas independientes que sea posible del lexico.Para nuestra segunda aproximacion introducimos una estrategia novedosa que intentaaprovechar la correferencia de eventos. En este caso seguimos la idea de que lasdiferentes menciones del mismo predicado en un texto tienden a hacer referencia almismo evento y por tanto comparten los mismo participantes. Como resultado hemosdesarrollado un algoritmo determinista, ImpAr, que no requiere anotaciones manualespara entrenamiento.Por ultimo, proponemos una nueva estrategia que extiende la configuracion basica delalgoritmo ImpAr. En este caso aprovechamos la relaciones semanticas entre rolesdefinidas en FrameNet. Esta relaciones son usadas dentro de ImpAr para descubrirrelaciones de implicacion entre los roles y los eventos.
Comparison of Brain MR Images at 1.5T Using BLADE and Rectilinear Techniques for Patients Who Move during Data Acquisition

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging of moving patients can be challenging and motion correction techniques have been proposed though some have associated new artifacts. The objective of this study was to semiquantitatively compare brain MR images of moving patients obtained at 1.5T by using partially radial and rectilinear acquisition techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: FLAIR, T2-, T1-, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image sets of 25 patients (14–94 years) obtained by using BLADE (like PROPELLER, a partially radial acquisition) and rectilinear techniques in the same imaging session were compared by 2 neuroradiologists in terms of extent of the motion artifact, image quality, and lesion visibility. ICC between opinions of the evaluators was calculated. RESULTS: Of the total of 70 image sets, the motion artifact was small in the partially radial images in 43 and in the rectilinear images in 13, and the opinions of the evaluators were discordant in the remaining 14 sets (ICC = 0.63, P < .05). The quality of partially radial images was higher for 36 sets versus 9 rectilinear sets, with disagreement between the 2 evaluators in the remaining 25 (ICC = 0.15, P < .05). Pathologic lesions were better characterized on 37 sets of partially radial images versus 13 sets of rectilinear images, and opinions of the evaluators differed in 20 sets (ICC = 0.90, P < .05). The neuroradiologists deemed 4 sets of rectilinear images nondiagnostic compared with only 1 set of radial images. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate that our application of BLADE sequences reduces the extent of motion artifacts in brain images of moving patients, improving image quality and lesion characterization.
Evaluation of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction coil treatment results in patients with severe emphysema

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction coil (BLVR‐C) implantation is an alternative therapeutic approach that can be applied together with medical treatment for patients with severe emphysema. BLVR‐C is both easier and safer in terms of complications than volume reduction surgery. This study aimed to evaluate medium‐term outcomes following BLVR‐C treatment.
Regularized iterative reconstruction in tensor tomography using gradient constraints

This paper investigates the iterative reconstruction of the tensor field in diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. The gradient constraints on eigenvalue and tensor components images of diffusion tensor were explored. A computer generated phantom was used to simulate the diffusion tensor in a cardiac MRI study, where the diffusion model depended upon the fiber structure of the myocardium. Computer simulations verify that the regularized methods provide improved reconstruction of the tensor principal directions. The reconstruction from real data is also presented.
DC equipment identification using K-means clustering and kNN classification techniques

Detection of steady states and identification of small electrical loads in a household or office grid are important in efficient smart energy management. This paper proposes a method that combines two machine learning techniques, unsupervised K-means clustering, and supervised k-Nearest Neighbours classification techniques, to train a system that can effectively identify the low voltage DC electrical load, and at the same time detect whether it is in its steady state. This is done by comparing the features extracted from signatures of the electric current waveforms of equipment. The combination of K-means and kNN in the initialisation stage removes the need to know all the training elements beforehand, and thus, considerably simplifies the process. In the normal operation stage, kNN was used to identify the new unknown test element to the cluster that has the majority votes from its nearest neighbours. The centroids obtained from the K-means clustering aided in the determination of whether the system is in steady state. The method has been successfully implemented on a low voltage DC office grid, with commonly used office equipment.
Nicotinamide promotes long‐term survival and extensive neurite outgrowth in ultimobranchial C cells cultured from chick embryos

In avian species, the ultimobranchial anlage is populated with neuronal cells derived from the distal vagal ganglion. We found that ultimobranchial C cells of chick embryos cultured in the presence of nicotinamide continued to grow for at least 60 days and exhibited profound morphological changes, resulting in the formation of dense networks of neuronal fibers. Nicotinamide, thus, facilitated the manifestation of neuronal features in C cells. The neuronal phenotypes of cultured C cells were analyzed in detail by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Their neural nature was also positively established by immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies to the neuronal markers neuron‐specific class III β‐tubulin (TuJ1), microtubule‐associated protein (MAP) 2, and synaptophysin. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that these neuron‐specific proteins are colocalized with calcitonin in both the somata and the neuronal processes of C cells. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analyses, performed at various times up to 30 days in culture, indicated that the C cells have persistent gene expression of calcitonin, the catecholamine‐synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, proenkephalin, proopiomelanocortin, neuron‐specific β‐tubulin (cβ4), SCG10, and Bcl‐2. The morphological responses of C cells to nicotinamide treatment were analyzed quantitatively over a period of 60 days. The area of C‐cell colonies, number of processes per colony, and length of processes continued to increase until culture day 45. In conclusion, nicotinamide stimulates long‐term survival and neuronal differentiation of chick embryo C cells, and this culture system may provide a useful model for studying neuronal differentiation mechanisms. J. Comp. Neurol. 492:334–348, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mewujudkan budaya religius di sekolah: Upaya mengembangkan PAI dari teori ke aksi

Buku ini hadir dalam rangka ikut memberikan tawaran alternatif, bagaimana problematika Pendidikan Agama Islam yang dilaksanakan di sekolah selama ini dapat dicarikan solusinya yaitu dengan mewujudkan budaya religius di sekolah. Hal ini sekaligus sebagai upaya mengembangkan Pendidikan Agama Islam agar pembelajaran Agama Islam bisa berlangsung secara efektif yang pada akhirnya tercipta pribadi yang beriman, bertaqwa kepada Allah swt serta berakhlak mulia dalam kehidupan individu, bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara.
IBM RISC System/6000 Processor Architecture

This paper describes the hardware architecture of the IBM RISC System/6000 processor, which combines basic RISC principles with a partitioning of registers by function into multiple ALUs. This allows a high degree of parallelism in execution and permits a compiler to generate highly optimized code to manage the interaction among parallel functions. Floating-point arithmetic is integrated into the architecture, and floating-point performance is comparable to that of many vector processors.
Process Optimisation and Characterization of Excimer Laser Drilling of Microvias in Glass

Thin glass sheets may be a suitable material from which substrates for high density electrical interconnect can be produced. Since glass is extremely brittle, micromachining of thin glass substrates to create microvias and tracks is a significant challenge for which laser machining technologies offer a potential solution. This work aims to optimize and characterize the process of microvia drilling in 50-100 mum thick CMZ glass using a KrF excimer laser (wavelength = 248 nm: pulse length = 34 ns). The effect of various laser process parameters: pulse energy, pulse repetition rate and irradiation time on the geometry, debris and remelt formation of the microvias were studied. Through-hole drilling of 100 Dm diameter (entry hole) microvias was achieved successfully at a fluence (energy density) of 3 J/cm2 with repetition rates as low as 20 Hz within 20 s, giving a taper profile of 19-24deg. Microvia drilling was improved by adjusting the optical set-up to increase the fluence to 4.5 J/cm2 which reduced the taper angle to 14deg giving an exit hole diameter of around 50 mum. It was possible to achieve through hole microvias with smaller diameters down to 40 mum in 50 mum thick glass. Debris and remelt formation around microvias was a key issue which was minimized by using a protective layer coating on the glass. In addition to laser operating parameters, laser beam intensity distribution also strongly influenced the microvia drilling process.
CT Perfusion with Angiography as a Substitute for both Conventional Digital Subtraction Angiography and Acetazolamide-Challenged SPECT in the Follow-Up of Postbypass Patients

Background: We evaluated the clinical usefulness of CT perfusion (CTP) with angiography (CTA) as an alternative to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and acetazolamide (ACZ)-challenged single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in the follow-up evaluation of hemodynamic changes and bypass patency after bypass surgery in chronic cerebral ischemic diseases. Methods: Thirty-five patients who underwent superficial temporal artery/middle cerebral artery bypass surgery for chronic cerebral ischemic diseases were retrospectively enrolled. We assessed the relationship between CTP parameters [cerebral blood volume, cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean transit time (MTT), affected-to-unaffected hemisphere (ATU) ratio of perfusion parameters and MTT differences between hemispheres] and SPECT parameters (regional CBF and cerebrovascular reserve) and compared the preoperative CTP parameters with the postoperative ones. For the bypass patency, we compared CTA with DSA. Results: MTT showed the best correlation with CVR of SPECT (r = –0.343; p < 0.001). ATU ratio (r = –0.547; p < 0.001) and ATU differences (r = –0.592; p < 0.001) of MTT correlated well with the ATU ratio of rCBF on ACZ-challenged SPECT. Significant improvement of perfusion parameters could be demonstrated in the affected vascular territory with postoperative CTP. The CTA findings were consistent with those of DSA in 96% of the cases. The examination-related complication rate was 0, 2.8 and 8.6% for CT studies, DSA and SPECT, respectively. Conclusions: CTP performed simultaneously with CTA seems to be a safe and efficient substitute for DSA and ACZ-challenged SPECT in the follow-up evaluation after bypass surgery in patients with chronic cerebral ischemic diseases.