Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inter-trial effect in luminance processing revealed by magnetoencephalography

In this study, we examined whether luminance processing in the human visual system would exhibit any history effect (i.e., inter-trial modulation) in psychophysical and magnetoencephalographic experiments. A disk was presented against a black background at various luminance levels in a randomized order. During the MEG recording, participants were instructed to rate the brightness of the disk (magnitude estimation) and to report it aloud during inter-stimulus interval. The MEG results showed that the neuromagnetic activation around 200-220 ms after the stimulus onset in the left occipito-temporal regions at a given trial was weaker when the disk luminance in the immediately prior trial was higher. An inverse inter-trial effect was also observed in the psychophysical experiment. These findings suggest that the neuromagnetic activity reflects the inter-trial modulation of luminance processing that correlates with the subjective perception of brightness.
Concatenated coding MIMO-OFDM receiver for broadband wireless system

Broadband wireless access (BWA) technique has attracted great attention in the last mile access industry. In this paper, an effective MAP receiver for concatenated space time block code (STBC) and convolutional code MIMO-OFDM system (denoted as CSCM receiver) for further performance improvement of IEEE wireless MAN-OFDMA system is derived and designed in detail. Simulation results show that the receiver can provide diversity gain and significant coding gain
A client-side anti-pharming (CSAP) approach

Pharming is a type of social engineering attack wherein an attacker wants to steal sensitive information of internet users. Pharming is advanced technique than Phishing attack. In phishing, attacker's URL is different from targeted legitimate website URL but in case of pharming, attacker's URL is same to legitimate URL. Pharming attacks can be conducted by exploiting vulnerabilities in DNS server, which is more advanced type of attack than phishing. It's a special attack because the attacker doesn't have to target individual user. When attacker performs pharming on a Domain Name System (DNS) server, all users who are using DNS service through that server will fall victim of pharming attack. Various techniques are proposed for avoiding pharming attack. We present an approach which uses multiple DNS servers.
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A framework for modelling memory consistency is presented. The framework is used to specify the operation of a total-store-order write buffer multiprocessor machine. The framework is used again to specify a more abstract “programmer-centric” model that does not refer to the write-buffer architecture. Finally, we prove that the abstract model correctly captures the computations of the operational model. A mutual exclusion algorithm is used University of Calgary, higam@ucalgary.ca University of Calgary, jkawash@ucalgary.ca University of Calgary, apareek@ucalgary.ca ! " #$%%"&'( )* &! " +, -. to illustrate the advantage of the programmer-centric memory consistency models and the impact on program correctness of instruction reordering resulting from hardware and software optimizations.
Dual excitation multi- fluorescence flow cytometry for detailed analyses of viability and apoptotic cell transition.

The discrimination of live/dead cells as well as the detection of apoptosis is a frequent need in many areas of experimental biology. Cell proliferation is linked to apoptosis and controlled by several genes. During the cell life, specific events can stimulate proliferation while others may trigger the apoptotic pathway. Very few methods (i.e. TUNEL) are now available for studies aimed at correlation between apoptosis and proliferation. Therefore, there is interest in developing new methodological approaches that are able to correlate apoptosis to the cell cycle phases. Recently new approaches have been proposed to detect and enumerate apoptotic cells by flow cytometry. Among these, the most established and applied are those based on the cell membrane modifications induced in the early phases of the apoptotic process. The dye pair Hoechst 33342 (HO) and Propidium Iodide (PI), thanks to their peculiar characteristics to be respectively permeable and impermeable to the intact cell membrane, seems to be very useful. Unfortunately the spectral interaction of these dyes generates a consistent "energy transfer" from HO to PI. The co-presence of the dyes in a nucleus results in a modification in the intensity of both the emitted fluorescences. In order to designate the damaged cells (red fluorescence) to the specific cell cycle phases (blue fluorescence), we have tested different staining protocols aimed to minimize the interference of these dyes as much as possible. In cell culture models, we are able to detect serum-starved apoptotic cells as well as to designate their exact location in the cell cycle phases using a very low PI concentration. Using a Partec PAS flow cytometer equipped with HBO lamp and argon ion laser, a double UV/blue excitation has been performed. This analytical approach is able to discriminate live blue cells from the damaged (blue-red) ones even at 0.05 micro g/mL PI. The same instrumental setting allows performing other multi-colour analyses including AnnexinV-FITC as well as the possibility to make a correlated analysis to phenotype markers.
On parametric lower bounds for discrete-time filtering

Parametric Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) are given for discrete-time systems with non-zero process noise. Recursive expressions for the conditional bias and mean-square-error (MSE) (given a specific state sequence) are obtained for Kalman filter estimating the states of a linear Gaussian system. It is discussed that Kalman filter is conditionally biased with a non-zero process noise realization in the given state sequence. Recursive parametric CRLBs are obtained for biased estimators for linear state estimators of linear Gaussian systems. Simulation studies are conducted where it is shown that Kalman filter is not an efficient estimator in a conditional sense.
SF-1 expression in the hypothalamus is required for beneficial metabolic effects of exercise

Exercise has numerous beneficial metabolic effects. The central nervous system (CNS) is critical for regulating energy balance and coordinating whole body metabolism. However, a role for the CNS in the regulation of metabolism in the context of the exercise remains less clear. Here, using genetically engineered mice we assessed the requirement of steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) expression in neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) in mediating the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism. We found that VMH-specific deletion of SF-1 blunts (a) the reductions in fat mass, (b) improvements in glycemia, and (c) increases in energy expenditure that are associated with exercise training. Unexpectedly, we found that SF-1 deletion in the VMH attenuates metabolic responses of skeletal muscle to exercise, including induction of PGC-1α expression. Collectively, this evidence suggests that SF-1 expression in VMH neurons is required for the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.18206. 001
High linearity SiGe-MMIC Q-MOD having self mixer current control circuit with output power detector for 0.4–5.8GHz cognitive radio transceiver

A 0.4-5.8 GHz high linearity SiGe-MMIC quadrature-modulator (Q-MOD) having a novel self mixer current control circuit is described. This control circuit, which consists of an output power detector and an envelope current feedback circuit, is applied to unit mixers, and it automatically controls the mixer current according to the output power level. As a result, high linearity can be obtained. In simulation, the Q-MOD employing the proposed unit mixers shows the P1dB improvement of more than 2.6 dB under the CW condition of the 0.4-5.8 GHz frequency range compared with the conventional Q-MOD. In measurement, the Q-MOD achieves P1dB improvement of more than 3.0 dB under the same condition. It also improves the maximum output power with EVM of 3.0% (Pout@EVM=3.0%) for both modulation conditions of UHF wireless systems (16 QAM/OFDM, 0.4 GHz) and IEEE 802.11a W-LAN (64 QAM/OFDM, 5.2 GHz).
RHESSI TESTS OF QUASI-THERMAL GAMMA-RAY BURST SPECTRAL MODELS

Prompt gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectra evolve on short timescales, suggesting that time-resolved spectral fits may help diagnose the still unknown prompt emission mechanism. We use broadband gamma-ray data from the Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager spacecraft to test quasi-thermal models with high signal-to-noise time-resolved spectra of nine bright GRBs. In contrast to results reported in more narrow energy bands, the quality of the fits of quasi-thermal models is poor in relation to fits of the phenomenological Band function. Moreover, the best-fit parameters for the simplest quasi-thermal model, a blackbody plus a nonthermal power law, show significant dependence on the fit band. Models that replace the power law with more complicated nonthermal functions are not robust for the data considered here and decrease the physical relevance of the fit blackbody.
A Novel Two-Relay Collaborative Multihop Inter-Vehicle Communication Systems

A novel collaborative strategy employing two relays is developed for the multihop inter-vehicle communication (IVC) systems in this paper, which has great complexity degradation. Instead of the traditional terminal collaboration or relay tier space-time coding (STC), a relay tier interaction is proposed. Considering time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme, two spatial adjacent vehicles are conjoined by an interaction radio link to create a virtual antenna array (VAA). Then the collaborative two-relay is integrated into a multihop IVC network mentioned above, which enables a single-antenna terminal to share its antenna with other terminals easily, and avoids the synchronization or other complicated requirements in terminal collaboration or STC systems. Furthermore, except the low complexity in hardware implementation, the proposed method also can enhance the performance of the IVC systems over both the quasi-static fading channel and time varying Rayleigh fading relay channel, which is verified through the Monte-Carlo simulations
Robust Model Fitting Using Higher Than Minimal Subset Sampling

Identifying the underlying model in a set of data contaminated by noise and outliers is a fundamental task in computer vision. The cost function associated with such tasks is often highly complex, hence in most cases only an approximate solution is obtained by evaluating the cost function on discrete locations in the parameter (hypothesis) space. To be successful at least one hypothesis has to be in the vicinity of the solution. Due to noise hypotheses generated by minimal subsets can be far from the underlying model, even when the samples are from the said structure. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of using higher than minimal subset sampling for hypothesis generation. Our empirical studies showed that increasing the sample size beyond minimal size (p), in particular up to p + 2, will significantly increase the probability of generating a hypothesis closer to the true model when subsets are selected from inliers. On the other hand, the probability of selecting an all inlier sample rapidly decreases with the sample size, making direct extension of existing methods unfeasible. Hence, we propose a new computationally tractable method for robust model fitting that uses higher than minimal subsets. Here, one starts from an arbitrary hypothesis (which does not need to be in the vicinity of the solution) and moves until either a structure in data is found or the process is re-initialized. The method also has the ability to identify when the algorithm has reached a hypothesis with adequate accuracy and stops appropriately, thereby saving computational time. The experimental analysis carried out using synthetic and real data shows that the proposed method is both accurate and efficient compared to the state-of-the-art robust model fitting techniques.
Continuous Liquid Phase Synthesis of Europium and Bismuth Co-Doped Yttrium Vanadate Nanophosphor Using Microwave Heating

A continuous flow reactor equipped with a low-loss flow channel and a microwave cavity was developed for synthesizing nanophosphors. A continuous solution synthesis of YVO4:Eu,Bi nanophosphor was succeeded through the rapid hydrothermal method using this equipment. Internal quantum efficiency of YVO4:Eu,Bi nanophosphor obtained by 20 minutes microwave heating is about 30% at 320 nm as high as that obtained by 6 hours hydrothermal treatment in autoclave. key words: nanophosphor, flow reactor, microwave heating, vanadate
DAMBE5: A Comprehensive Software Package for Data Analysis in Molecular Biology and Evolution

Since its first release in 2001 as mainly a software package for phylogenetic analysis, data analysis for molecular biology and evolution (DAMBE) has gained many new functions that may be classified into six categories: 1) sequence retrieval, editing, manipulation, and conversion among more than 20 standard sequence formats including MEGA, NEXUS, PHYLIP, GenBank, and the new NeXML format for interoperability, 2) motif characterization and discovery functions such as position weight matrix and Gibbs sampler, 3) descriptive genomic analysis tools with improved versions of codon adaptation index, effective number of codons, protein isoelectric point profiling, RNA and protein secondary structure prediction and calculation of minimum folding energy, and genomic skew plots with optimized window size, 4) molecular phylogenetics including sequence alignment, testing substitution saturation, distance-based, maximum parsimony, and maximum-likelihood methods for tree reconstructions, testing the molecular clock hypothesis with either a phylogeny or with relative-rate tests, dating gene duplication and speciation events, choosing the best-fit substitution models, and estimating rate heterogeneity over sites, 5) phylogeny-based comparative methods for continuous and discrete variables, and 6) graphic functions including secondary structure display, optimized skew plot, hydrophobicity plot, and many other plots of amino acid properties along a protein sequence, tree display and drawing by dragging nodes to each other, and visual searching of the maximum parsimony tree. DAMBE features a graphic, user-friendly, and intuitive interface and is freely available from http://dambe.bio. uottawa.ca (last accessed April 16, 2013).
Hypoxia promotes Rab5 activation, leading to tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis

Hypoxia, a common condition of the tumor microenvironment, is associated with poor patient prognosis, tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Recent evidence suggests that hypoxia alters endosome dynamics in tumor cells, leading to augmented cell proliferation and migration and this is particularly relevant, because endosomal components have been shown to be deregulated in cancer. The early endosome protein Rab5 is a small GTPase that promotes integrin trafficking, focal adhesion turnover, Rac1 activation, tumor cell migration and invasion. However, the role of Rab5 and downstream events in hypoxia remain unknown. Here, we identify Rab5 as a critical player in hypoxia-driven tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Exposure of A549 human lung carcinoma, ZR-75, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer and B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells to hypoxia increased Rab5 activation, followed by its re-localization to the leading edge and association with focal adhesions. Importantly, Rab5 was required for hypoxia-driven cell migration, FAK phosphorylation and Rac1 activation, as shown by shRNA-targeting and transfection assays with Rab5 mutants. Intriguingly, the effect of hypoxia on both Rab5 activity and migration was substantially higher in metastatic B16-F10 cells than in poorly invasive B16-F0 cells. Furthermore, exogenous expression of Rab5 in B16-F0 cells predisposed to hypoxia-induced migration, whereas expression of the inactive mutant Rab5/S34N prevented the migration of B16-F10 cells induced by hypoxia. Finally, using an in vivo syngenic C57BL/6 mouse model, Rab5 expression was shown to be required for hypoxia-induced metastasis. In summary, these findings identify Rab5 as a key mediator of hypoxia-induced tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis.
Efficient multicast routing in wireless mesh networks connected to internet

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged as one of the new hot topics in wireless communications. They consist of a number of static wireless routers which form an access network for end users to IP-based services. Unlike traditional WLAN deployments, wireless mesh networks provide multihop routing, facilitating an easy and cost-effective deployment. In this paper, we focus in the provision of efficient multicast routing on such wireless mesh networks, and its seamless interconnection to wired IP multicast services. The proposed architecture and protocols allow for a ready deployment without changes on the existing networking equipments in the fixed network or in end user's devices. Our simulations and emphirical evaluation on a real wireless mesh network demonstrate that the proposed approach offers a good performance and is highly scalable.
Indigenous tourism in Australia: understanding the link between cultural heritage and intention to participate using the means-end chain theory

ABSTRACT Tourism is often suggested as a development strategy for Indigenous people while protecting their cultural and natural heritage. However, without actual visitor participation, the good intentions of tourism cannot be achieved. By using the means-end chain theory and adopting a convergent mixed-methods approach using photographs, this study seeks to identify the link between visitor perceptions about Australian Indigenous tourism attributes and their intention to participate on this type of tourism. Two Australian Indigenous tourism activities (short tour and performance), portraying both traditional and contemporary culture, at Cairns, Queensland were tested with 209 visitors. The results reveal that the attributes ‘history/art/culture’ and ‘local’ are perceptions linked to Indigenous tourism. The findings support previous studies by identifying that some participants associated Indigenous tourism with a traditional past; however, the majority of participants expressed a contemporary perception of Indigenous culture. These findings highlight the need for Indigenous tourism stakeholders to monitor and protect their historical and evolving cultural heritage (in particular intangible heritage) when engaging in Indigenous tourism. Cultural heritage could be susceptible to commodification and loss of authenticity in order to accommodate visitor expectations.
A Novel Serial Multimodal Biometrics Framework Based on Semisupervised Learning Techniques

We propose in this paper a novel framework for serial multimodal biometric systems based on semisupervised learning techniques. The proposed framework addresses the inherent issues of user inconvenience and system inefficiency in parallel multimodal biometric systems. Further, it advances the serial multimodal biometric systems by promoting the discriminating power of the weaker but more user convenient trait(s) and saving the use of the stronger but less user convenient trait(s) whenever possible. This is in contrast to other existing serial multimodal biometric systems that suggest optimized orderings of the traits deployed and parameterizations of the corresponding matchers but ignore the most important requirements of common applications. In terms of methodology, we propose to use semisupervised learning techniques to strengthen the matcher(s) on the weaker trait(s), utilizing the coupling relationship between the weaker and the stronger traits. A dimensionality reduction method for the weaker trait(s) based on dependence maximization is proposed to achieve this purpose. Experiments on two prototype systems clearly demonstrate the advantages of the proposed framework and methodology.
Runtime Optimization of Continuous Queries

In data stream processing systems, Quality of Service (or QoS) requirements, as specifled by users, are extremely important. Unlike in a database management system (DBMS), a query in a data stream management system (DSMS) cannot be optimized once and executed. It has been shown that difierent scheduling strategies are useful in trading tuple latency requirements with memory and throughput requirements. In addition, DSMSs may experience signiflcant ∞uctuations in input rates. In order to meet the QoS requirements of data stream processing, a runtime optimizer equipped with several scheduling and load shedding strategies is critical. This entails monitoring of QoS measures at run-time to dynamically modify the processing of the queries at runtime to meet the QoS requirements. This paper addresses runtime optimization issues for MavStream, a data stream management system (DSMS). The runtime optimizer presented in this paper matches the output (latency, memory, and throughput) of a continuous query (CQ) with its QoS requirements. Alternative scheduling strategies are chosen as needed based on the runtime feedback. A decision table is used to choose a scheduling strategy based on the priorities of QoS requirements and their violation. The decision table approach allows us to add new scheduling strategies as well as compute the strategy to be used in an extensible manner. Additionally, load shedders are activated and deactivated by the runtime optimizer to meet QoS requirements beyond adjusting scheduling strategies.
Column-associative Caches: A Technique For Reducing The Miss Rate Of Direct-mapped Caches

Direct-mapped caches are a popular design choice for highperfortnsnce processors;unfortunately, direct-mapped cachessuffer systematic interference misses when more than one address maps into the sensecache set. This paper &scribes the design of column-ossociotive caches.which minhize the cofllcrs that arise in direct-mapped accessesby allowing conflicting addressesto dynamically choose alternate hashing functions, so that most of the cordiicting datacanreside in thecache. At the sametime, however, the critical hit accesspath is unchanged. The key to implementing this schemeefficiently is the addition of a reho.dsM to eachcache se~ which indicates whether that set storesdata that is referenced by an alternate hashing timction. When multiple addressesmap into the samelocatioz theserehoshed locatwns are preferentially replaced. Using trace-driven simulations and en analytical model, we demonstrate that a column-associative cacheremovesvirtually all interference missesfor large caches,without altering the critical hit accesstime.
DNS of the κ-mechanism I . Radial modes in the purely radiative case

Context. Hydrodynamical model of the κ-mechanism in a purely radiative case. Aims. First, to determine the physical conditions propitious to κ-mechanism in a layer with a configurable conductivity hollow and second, to perform the (nonlinear) direct numerical simulations (DNS) from the most favourable setups. Methods. A linear stability analysis applied to radial modes using a spectral solver and DNS thanks to a high-order finite difference code are compared. Results. Changing the hollow properties (location and shape) lead to well-defined instability strips. For a given position in the layer, the amplitude and width of the hollow appear to be the key parameters to get unstable modes driven by κ-mechanism. The DNS achieved from these more auspicious configurations confirm the growth rates as well as structures of linearly unstable modes. The nonlinear saturation follows through intricate couplings between the excited fundamental mode and higher damped overtones.