Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effective Service Security Schemes In Cloud Computing

The cloud computing is the fastest growing concept in IT industry. The IT companies have realized that the cloud computing is going to be the hottest topic in the field of IT. Cloud Computing reduces cost by sharing computing and storage resources, merged with an on demand provisioning mechanism relying on a pay-per use business model. Due to varied degree of security features and management schemes within the cloud entities security in the cloud is challenging. Security issues ranging from system misconfiguration, lack of proper updates, or unwise user behaviour from remote data storage that can expose user ̳s private data and information to unwanted access can plague a Cloud Computing. The intent of this paper is to investigate the security related issues and challenges in Cloud computing environment. We also proposed a security scheme for protecting services keeping in view the issues and challenges faced by cloud computing. Keywords— Cloud Computing, Data Protection, Security, Application Program Interface, Average Revenue Per user.
Carbon Nanotube-Based Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Anthraquinone Hair Dyes in Wastewaters

The present work describes the development of a voltammetric sensor for the selective determination of Acid Green 25 (AG25) hair dye, widely used in commercial temporary hair dyes. The method is based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes activated in the presence of sulfuric acid, where the anthraquinone group present as a chromophore in the dye molecule is reduced at −0.44 V vs. Ag/AgCl in a reversible process involving two electrons in Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution at pH 4.0. Analytical curves were obtained using square wave voltammetry in the range from 1.0 × 10−7 to 7.0 × 10−6 mol·L−1, achieving a detection limit of 2.7 × 10−9 mol·L−1. The voltammograms recorded for the Acid Black 1 (AB1) dye showed that the azo groups of the dye were reduced on the carbon nanotube-modified electrode (CNTME), presenting a pair of redox peaks at −0.27 V and −0.24 V in the reverse scan. Under these experimental conditions, both dyes could be detected in the water sample, since the AG25 dye is reduced at −0.47 V. The presence of other hair dyes bearing other chromophore groups, such as Acid Black 1, Acid Red 33 and basic blue 99, did not interfere with the method, which showed an average recovery of 96.7 ± 3.5% (n = 5) for AG25 dye determination in the presence of all of these dyes. The method was successfully applied to tap water and wastewater samples collected from a water treatment plant.
Detection of invalid routing announcements in RIP protocol

Traditional routing protocol designs have focused solely on the functionality of the protocols and implicitly assume that all routing update messages received by a router carry valid information. However operational experience suggests that hardware faults, software implementation bugs, operator misconfigurations, let alone malicious attacks can all lead to invalid routing protocol announcements. Although several recent efforts have developed cryptography-based authentication for routing protocols, such enhancements alone are rendered ineffective in the face of faults caused by misconfigurations or hardware/software errors. In this paper we develop a simple routing update validation algorithm for the RIP protocol, RIP with triangle theorem checking and probing (RIP-TP). In RIP-TP routers utilize a triangle theorem to identify suspicious new routing announcements, and then use probing messages to verify the correctness of the announcements. We have evaluated the effectiveness of RIP-TP through simulation using various faulty node behaviors, link failure dynamics and network sizes. The results show that, with an overhead as low as about one probing message per received update message in the worst case, RIP-TP can effectively detect 95% or more invalid routing announcements.
Deep Neural Network for Product Classification System with Korean Character Image

This paper proposes a product classification system based on deep learning using Korean character images (Hangul) to search for products in the shopping mall. Generally, an online shopping mall customer searches through a category classification or a product name to purchase a product. When the exact product name or category is not clear, the user has to search its name. However, the product image classification is degraded because the product logos and characters in the package often interfere. To solve such problems, we propose a classification system based on Deep Learning using Korean character images. The learning data of this system uses Korean character images of PHD08, a Hangul (Korean-language) database. The experimental is carried out using product names collected on the web. For the performance experiment, 10 categories of online shopping mall are selected and the classification accuracy is measured and compared with the previous systems.
Secure Optimization of Inlined Reference Monitors

Inlined Reference Monitor (IRM) is the preferred enforcement mechan ism for historybased access control policies. IRM enforcement injects monitoring code in to the binary of an untrusted program in order to track its execution history. The injected co de denies access when execution deviates from the policy. The viability of IRM enforcement is predicated on the ability of the binary rewriting element to optimize away redundant monitoring co de without compromising security. This work proposes a novel optimization framework for IRM enforcement. The scheme is based on a constrained representation of history-based access contr ol p licies, which, despite its constrained expressiveness, can express such policies as separ ation of duty, generalized Chinese Wall policies, and hierarchical one-out-ofk authorization. An IRM optimization procedure has been designed to exploit the structure of this policy representatio n. The optimization scheme is then extended into a distributed optimization protocol, in which an untrus ted code producer attempts to help boost the optimization effectiveness of an IRM enf orc ment mechanism administered by a distrusting code consumer. It is shown that the optimizatio n procedure provably preserves security even in the midst of distributed optimization. A pr ototype of the optimization procedure has been implemented for Java bytecode, and its effe c iv n ss has been empirically profiled.
A New Method of Using Sensor Arrays for Gas Leakage Location Based on Correlation of the Time-Space Domain of Continuous Ultrasound

This paper proposes a time-space domain correlation-based method for gas leakage detection and location. It acquires the propagated signal on the skin of the plate by using a piezoelectric acoustic emission (AE) sensor array. The signal generated from the gas leakage hole (which diameter is less than 2 mm) is time continuous. By collecting and analyzing signals from different sensors’ positions in the array, the correlation among those signals in the time-space domain can be achieved. Then, the directional relationship between the sensor array and the leakage source can be calculated. The method successfully solves the real-time orientation problem of continuous ultrasonic signals generated from leakage sources (the orientation time is about 15 s once), and acquires high accuracy location information of leakage sources by the combination of multiple sets of orientation results. According to the experimental results, the mean value of the location absolute error is 5.83 mm on a one square meter plate, and the maximum location error is generally within a ±10 mm interval. Meanwhile, the error variance is less than 20.17.
Reduction of Inflammatory Cytokine Concentrations and Improvement of Endothelial Functions in Obese Women After Weight Loss Over One Year

Background—Visceral fat is a key regulator site for the process of inflammation, and atherosclerotic lesions are essentially an inflammatory response. Methods and Results—Fifty-six healthy premenopausal obese women (age range 25 to 44 years, body mass index 37.2±2.2, waist to hip ratio range 0.78 to 0.92) and 40 age-matched normal weight women were studied. Compared with nonobese women, obese women had increased basal concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-&agr; (TNF-&agr;, P <0.01), interleukin-6 (IL-6, P <0.01), P-selectin (P <0.01), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, P <0.02), and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1, P <0.05). Vascular responses to l-arginine (3 g IV), the natural precursor of nitric oxide, were impaired in obese women: reductions in mean blood pressure (P <0.02), platelet aggregation to adenosine diphosphate (P <0.05), and blood viscosity (P <0.05) were significantly lower as compared with those in the nonobese group. Concentrations of TNF-&agr; and IL-6 were related (P <0.01) to visceral obesity, as well as to adhesin levels and responses to l-arginine. After 1 year of a multidisciplinary program of weight reduction (diet, exercise, behavioral counseling), all obese women lost at least 10% of their original weight (9.8±1.5 kg, range 7.5 to 13 kg). Compared with baseline, sustained weight loss was associated with reduction of cytokine (P <0.01) and adhesin (P <0.02) concentrations and with improvement of vascular responses to l-arginine. Conclusion—In obese women, endothelial activation correlates with visceral body fat, possibly through inappropriate secretion of cytokines. Weight loss represents a safe method for downregulating the inflammatory state and ameliorating endothelial dysfunction in obese women.
Live Migration Impact on Virtual Datacenter Performance: Vmware vMotion Based Study

Cloud computing is the future wave of information technology that provides infrastructure, platform and application as on demand services with low cost and rapid scalability. Infrastructure resources virtualization is the backbone of cloud computing to meet on demand, rapid scalability and resource pooling as the main cloud computing characteristics. Live migration is one of the powerful features in datacenters virtualization. Hosts load balance, power saving, failure recovery and dynamic resource allocation are all dependent on having live migration for the virtual machines. So studying and modeling live migrations is important to predict its impact on the datacenter performance and to take the migration decision at the optimum times. In this paper, we study the impact of live migration on the datacenter resources network and power consumption for VMware environment. This overhead modeling can be used to estimate the live migration impact on datacenter resources utilization given the virtual machine and network characteristics. Based on this estimation, the network admin can be alerted with this estimated overhead in order to confirm the live migration request or to postpone it to another optimum time for minimum interruption on the running applications.
Developing Institutional Capacity for Reproductive Health in Humanitarian Settings: A Descriptive Study

Introduction Institutions play a central role in advancing the field of reproductive health in humanitarian settings (RHHS), yet little is known about organizational capacity to deliver RHHS and how this has developed over the past decade. This study aimed to document the current institutional experiences and capacities related to RHHS. Materials and Methods Descriptive study using an online questionnaire tool. Results Respondents represented 82 institutions from 48 countries, of which two-thirds originated from low-and middle-income countries. RHHS work was found not to be restricted to humanitarian agencies (25%), but was also embraced by development organizations (25%) and institutions with dual humanitarian and development mandates (50%). Agencies reported working with refugees (81%), internally-displaced (87%) and stateless persons (20%), in camp-based settings (78%), and in urban (83%) and rural settings (78%). Sixty-eight percent of represented institutions indicated having an RHHS-related policy, 79% an accountability mechanism including humanitarian work, and 90% formal partnerships with other institutions. Seventy-three percent reported routinely appointing RH focal points to ensure coordination of RHHS implementation. There was reported progress in RHHS-related disaster risk reduction (DRR), emergency management and coordination, delivery of the Minimum Initial Services Package (MISP) for RH, comprehensive RH services in post-crisis/recovery situations, gender mainstreaming, and community-based programming. Other reported institutional areas of work included capacity development, program delivery, advocacy/policy work, followed by research and donor activities. Except for abortion-related services, respondents cited improved efforts in advocacy, capacity development and technical support in their institutions for RHHS to address clinical services, including maternal and newborn health, sexual violence prevention and response, HIV prevention, management of sexually-transmitted infections, adolescent RH, and family planning. Approximately half of participants reported that their institutions had experienced an increase in dedicated budget and staff for RHHS, a fifth no change, and 1 in 10 a decrease. The Interagency RH Kits were reportedly the most commonly used supplies to support RHHS implementation. Conclusion The results suggest overall growth in institutional capacity in RHHS over the past decade, indicating that the field has matured and expanded from crisis response to include RHHS into DRR and other elements of the emergency management cycle. It is critical to consolidate the progress to date, address gaps, and sustain momentum.
Anomaly detection in driving behaviour by road profiling

This paper presents a statistical method for detecting anomalous driving behavior by analyzing cross-sectional profiles of the road. A profile captures the way vehicles normally traverse the road; a statistical hypothesis test determines whether the observed behavior is anomalous. Experimental results on genuine data collected by a fleet of vehicles demonstrates the potential of this new method.
Using core competency frameworks to explore the needs of Kenyan youth workers

Abstract Since youth work is a relatively new career path, there is debate regarding the competencies necessary to advance overall professional practice. This debate is particularly relevant in African countries, such as Kenya, with a growing number of youth in need of assistance. The purpose of this study was to identify the competencies needed to meet the goals and challenges of Kenyan youth workers, and assess whether these competencies align with prominent youth development competency frameworks. Data were collected from Kenyan youth workers related to the challenges, goals, and barriers they faced. These data were matched to two competency frameworks. Four themes emerged: (1) programs management competencies are most important; (2) holistically developed youth is a primary goal; (3) differences exist in how competency frameworks map to Kenyan youth workers; and (4) all competencies are not equal in the view of youth workers. Implications for program and system development are discussed.
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Human Milk and Serum from the U.S. EPA MAMA Study: Modeled Predictions of Infant Exposure and Considerations for Risk Assessment

Background: Serum concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in U.S. women are believed to be among the world’s highest; however, little information exists on the partitioning of PBDEs between serum and breast milk and how this may affect infant exposure. Objectives: Paired milk and serum samples were measured for PBDE concentrations in 34 women who participated in the U.S. EPA MAMA Study. Computational models for predicting milk PBDE concentrations from serum were evaluated. Methods: Samples were analyzed using gas chromatography isotope-dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry. Observed milk PBDE concentrations were compared with model predictions, and models were applied to NHANES serum data to predict milk PBDE concentrations and infant intakes for the U.S. population. Results: Serum and milk samples had detectable concentrations of most PBDEs. BDE-47 was found in the highest concentrations (median serum: 18.6; milk: 31.5 ng/g lipid) and BDE-28 had the highest milk:serum partitioning ratio (2.1 ± 0.2). No evidence of depuration was found. Models demonstrated high reliability and, as of 2007–2008, predicted U.S. milk concentrations of BDE-47, BDE-99, and BDE-100 appear to be declining but BDE-153 may be rising. Predicted infant intakes (ng/kg/day) were below threshold reference doses (RfDs) for BDE-99 and BDE-153 but above the suggested RfD for BDE-47. Conclusions: Concentrations and partitioning ratios of PBDEs in milk and serum from women in the U.S. EPA MAMA Study are presented for the first time; modeled predictions of milk PBDE concentrations using serum concentrations appear to be a valid method for estimating PBDE exposure in U.S. infants. Citation: Marchitti SA, Fenton SE, Mendola P, Kenneke JF, Hines EP. 2017. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human milk and serum from the U.S. EPA MAMA Study: modeled predictions of infant exposure and considerations for risk assessment. Environ Health Perspect 125:706–713; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/EHP332
Employees' whistleblowing intention in public sector: The role of perceived organizational support as moderating variable

Whistleblowing has an important role in exposing wrongdoings or misconducts occurring within an organization. This study aimed to examine the perceived organizational support as a moderating variable of attitudes and perceived behavioral control. This study used a quantitative method with convenience sampling of 286-employees working in the public sector, which was then analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis. The results show that the perceived organizational support significantly played a role as a moderation influencing attitudes and perceived behavioral control over internal whistleblowing intentions. To improve internal whistleblowing intentions, organizations can create anonymous reporting channels and socialize whistleblowing systems.
The structuring of labour market dynamics along the permanent-temporary distinction : a comparison of Denmark , France , Spain and United Kingdom

This paper focuses on the labour market dynamics that two different types of work entail, i.e. temporary and permanent work. By examining the consequences of both types for later labour market mobility, we question to what extent the temporary-permanent distinction is a relevant sociological distinction. Because the main focus is on labour market inand exclusion, labour market mobility is defined as a transition into (=inclusionary transition) or out of (=exclusionary transition) employment. Maintaining employment is called an employment maintenance transition, remaining excluded an exclusion maintenance transition. On the basis of stepping-stone theory, we expect the transitions following the end of a temporary contract to be primarily maintenance transitions. On the basis of segmentation theory however, we expect predominantly exclusionary transitions, possibly followed by renewed periods of temporary inclusion. Moreover, it is argued that for a real segmentation effect to be valid, it must continue to exist on the longer run, over and above the effect of human capital-related variables. The data used come from the European Community Household Panel; four countries with different flexibility settings are included: Denmark, France, Spain and United Kingdom. Short-term transition hazards are estimated by means of a competing risks discrete-time event history model. The longer-term effect of contract type is modelled by multinomial logistic regression analyses. Furthermore, a typology of longer-term mobility patterns is formulated. The results point out significant differences between temporary and permanent workers in both shortand longer-term labour market mobility, even though the longer-term effect is less pronounced. Despite this evidence for segmentation, the majority of temporary workers manage to secure their long-term inclusion in the labour market, although they cannot avoid a temporal drawback from it. This supports stepping stone theory to a certain extent. Finally, the comparison between countries shows that even though the gap in the extent of labour market mobility between temporary and permanent is smallest in Denmark and United Kingdom, the French temporary workers are in a better position to secure their longer-term labour market inclusion. FIRST VERSION – Comments are welcome!
A neural nanonetwork model based on cell signaling molecules

All cells have to adapt to changing chemical environments. The signaling system reacts to external molecular ‘inputs’ arriving at the receptors by activating cellular responses via transcription factors generating proper proteins as ‘outputs’. The signal transduction network connecting inputs and outputs acts as a molecular computer mimicking a neural network, a ‘chemical brain’ of the cell. The dynamics of concentrations of various signal proteins in the cell are described by continuous kinetic models proposed recently. In this paper we introduce a special neural network model based on the ordinary differential equations of the kinetic processes. We show that supervised learning can be implemented using the delta rule for updating the weights of the molecular neurons. We demonstrate the concept by realizing some of the basic logical gates in the model.
Draft Genome Sequence of Chemolithoautotrophic Acetogenic Butanol-Producing Eubacterium limosum ATCC 8486

ABSTRACT Eubacterium limosum ATCC 8486 is an anaerobic chemolithoautotrophic acetogenic bacterium that converts and transforms syngas and isoflavonoids to butanol and phytoestrogens, respectively. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the E. limosum ATCC 8486 (4.37 Mb) strain and its annotation information, including syngas fermentation and denitrification metabolic pathways.
Evolution of Mutation Rates in Rapidly Adapting Asexual Populations

Mutator and antimutator alleles often arise and spread in both natural microbial populations and laboratory evolution experiments. The evolutionary dynamics of these mutation rate modifiers are determined by indirect selection on linked beneficial and deleterious mutations. These indirect selection pressures have been the focus of much earlier theoretical and empirical work, but we still have a limited analytical understanding of how the interplay between hitchhiking and deleterious load influences the fates of modifier alleles. Our understanding is particularly limited when clonal interference is common, which is the regime of primary interest in laboratory microbial evolution experiments. Here, we calculate the fixation probability of a mutator or antimutator allele in a rapidly adapting asexual population, and we show how this quantity depends on the population size, the beneficial and deleterious mutation rates, and the strength of a typical driver mutation. In the absence of deleterious mutations, we find that clonal interference enhances the fixation probability of mutators, even as they provide a diminishing benefit to the overall rate of adaptation. When deleterious mutations are included, natural selection pushes the population toward a stable mutation rate that can be suboptimal for the adaptation of the population as a whole. The approach to this stable mutation rate is not necessarily monotonic: even in the absence of epistasis, selection can favor mutator and antimutator alleles that “overshoot” the stable mutation rate by substantial amounts.