Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Job stress and well‐being: An examination from the view of person‐environment fit

The current study investigated the impact of job stressors on well-being from the perspective of person-environment fit. Based upon a 288-case sample from six organizations, we found that the actual and preferred career advancement themselves and their second-order (curvilinear) combinations jointly predicted job satisfaction, mental well-being, and turnover intention. Also, the actual and preferred quality of relationships at work and their second-order (curvilinear) combinations jointly predicted job satisfaction, mental and physical well-being, and turnover intention. Some possible mechanisms underlying the stressor-outcome relationship and their implications are discussed.
Simultaneous processing of time-shifted orthogonal LFMCW waveforms

There is a requirement for waveform orthogonality on dual or multiple channel radars to avoid cross-channel interferences. It is additionally favored that dual-channel polarization-orthogonal radars are capable of estimating target Polarization Scattering Matrix (PSM) elements simultaneously, that is within one Pulse/sweep/frame Repetition Interval (PRI). The current solution for simultaneity in Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (LFMCW) radars is to use a pair of nearly-orthogonal waveforms within the same frequency band with opposite frequency excursion slopes. This solution does not provide full orthogonality because of its susceptibility to some cross-channel interferences, where their mitigation result in difficult-to-suppress unwanted artifacts after range compression, in addition to opposite sign residual video phases which are difficult to compensate for. We propose a new pair of independent waveforms — along with their required processing steps — which satisfy both the orthogonality and simultaneity requirements, but with less undesirable artifacts than the opposite slope chirps. In this paper we present results from experimentation with simulated and radar-measured data for the new waveform. We found closely comparable results with the baseline of standard LFMCW processing. We aim to operationally use the new waveform-pair on the TuDelft PARSAX polarimetric radar.
Nuclear relocalisation of cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding proteins PABP1 and PABP4 in response to UV irradiation reveals mRNA-dependent export of metazoan PABPs

Poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABP1) has a fundamental role in the regulation of mRNA translation and stability, both of which are crucial for a wide variety of cellular processes. Although generally a diffuse cytoplasmic protein, it can be found in discrete foci such as stress and neuronal granules. Mammals encode several additional cytoplasmic PABPs that remain poorly characterised, and with the exception of PABP4, appear to be restricted in their expression to a small number of cell types. We have found that PABP4, similarly to PABP1, is a diffusely cytoplasmic protein that can be localised to stress granules. However, UV exposure unexpectedly relocalised both proteins to the nucleus. Nuclear relocalisation of PABPs was accompanied by a reduction in protein synthesis but was not linked to apoptosis. In examining the mechanism of PABP relocalisation, we found that it was related to a change in the distribution of poly(A) RNA within cells. Further investigation revealed that this change in RNA distribution was not affected by PABP knockdown but that perturbations that block mRNA export recapitulate PABP relocalisation. Our results support a model in which nuclear export of PABPs is dependent on ongoing mRNA export, and that a block in this process following UV exposure leads to accumulation of cytoplasmic PABPs in the nucleus. These data also provide mechanistic insight into reports that transcriptional inhibitors and expression of certain viral proteins cause relocation of PABP to the nucleus.
Site of pleural drain insertion and early postoperative pulmonary function following coronary artery bypass grafting with internal mammary artery.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery using the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) impairs postoperative pulmonary function. We studied the changes in pulmonary function and subjective pain relative to the site of chest tube insertion. DESIGN Thirty patients undergoing CABG surgery using the LIMA were randomized into two groups. Group A (n = 15) received a left chest tube inserted from the midline (subxyphoid). Group B (n = 15) had a tube placed in the sixth intercostal space at the anterior axillary line. All of the patients underwent bedside pulmonary function testing preoperatively and on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 5. Pain sensation was quantified by a standardized score (1 to 10). RESULTS A significant impairment of pulmonary function parameters was observed in both groups until POD 5. For group A, the decline in percent predicted (+/-SD) in the vital capacity (VC) from before surgery to POD 5 was, respectively, 92.3+/-30.6% to 56.9+/-12.6% (p < 0.001). For group B, the decline in the VC was from 88.0+/-18.2% to 55.5+/-14.8% (p < 0.001). The FEV1 declined concomitantly in group A from 86.2+/-18.2% to 50.8+/-12.1%, and in group B from 83.5+/-16.4% to 53.9+/-12.5% (p < 0.001). On POD 1, a significantly lower decrease in the VC was measured in group A than in group B, respectively: 45.3+/-15.5% vs 28.6+/-8.7% (p < 0.001). A significantly lower decrease in the FEV1 was also seen in group A than in group B, respectively: 36.9+/-12.9% vs 28.0+/-10.6% (p < 0.05). Pain experienced during deep inspiration was also significantly less in group A than in group B, respectively: 1.2+/-1.1 vs 2.5+/-0.9 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Subxyphoid insertion of the pleural drain leads to a significantly lower impairment of pulmonary function and less subjective pain than insertion at the intercostal position. The drainage of the left pleural space is equally effective with both techniques.
On the Romance Languages Mutual Intelligibility

We propose a method for computing the similarity of natural languages and for clustering them based on their lexical similarity. Our study provides evidence to be used in the investigation of the written intelligibility, i.e., the ability of people writing in different languages to understand one another without prior knowledge of foreign languages. We account for etymons and cognates, we quantify lexical similarity and we extend our analysis from words to languages. Based on the introduced methodology, we compute a matrix of Romance languages intelligibility.
Phytoplankton-Associated Bacterial Community Composition and Succession during Toxic Diatom Bloom and Non-Bloom Events

Pseudo-nitzschia blooms often occur in coastal and open ocean environments, sometimes leading to the production of the neurotoxin domoic acid that can cause severe negative impacts to higher trophic levels. Increasing evidence suggests a close relationship between phytoplankton bloom and bacterial assemblages, however, the microbial composition and succession during a bloom process is unknown. Here, we investigate the bacterial assemblages before, during and after toxic and non-toxic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms to determine the patterns of bacterial succession in a natural bloom setting. Opportunistic sampling of bacterial community profiles were determined weekly at Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf by 454 pyrosequencing and analyzed together with domoic acid levels, phytoplankton community and biomass, nutrients and temperature. We asked if the bacterial communities are similar between bloom and non-bloom events and if domoic acid or the presence of toxic algal species acts as a driving force that can significantly structure phytoplankton-associated bacterial communities. We found that bacterial diversity generally increases when Pseudo-nitzschia numbers decline. Furthermore, bacterial diversity is higher when the low-DA producing P. fraudulenta dominates the algal bloom while bacterial diversity is lower when high-DA producing P. australis dominates the algal bloom, suggesting that the presence of algal toxin can structure bacterial community. We also found bloom-related succession patterns among associated bacterial groups; Gamma-proteobacteria, were dominant during low toxic P. fraudulenta blooms comprising mostly of Vibrio spp. , which increased in relative abundance (6–65%) as the bloom progresses. On the other hand, Firmicutes bacteria comprising mostly of Planococcus spp. (12–86%) dominate during high toxic P. australis blooms, with the bacterial assemblage showing the same bloom-related successional patterns in three independent bloom events. Other environmental variables such as nitrate and phosphate and temperature appear to influence some low abundant bacterial groups as well. Our results suggest that phytoplankton-associated bacterial communities are strongly affected not just by phytoplankton bloom in general, but also by the type of algal species that dominates in the natural bloom.
The Efficient Allocation of Individuals to Positions

In a variety of contexts, individuals must be allocated to positions with limited capacities. Legislators must be assigned to committees, college students to dormitories, and urban homesteaders to dwellings. (A general class of fair division problems would have the positions represent goods.) This paper examines the general problem of achieving efficient allocations when individuals' preferences are unknown and where (as with a growing number of nonmarket allocation schemes) there is no facilitating external medium of exchange such as money. An implicit market procedure is developed that elicits honest preferences, that assigns individuals efficiently, and that is adaptable to a variety of distributional objectives.
Emergent Communities of Practice in Temporary Inter-Organisational Partnerships.

Purpose – The paper aims to discuss the emergence of communities of practice in a temporary event organisation involving public and private partners.Design/methodology/approach – The study employs qualitative methods in the form of 31 semi‐structured interviews, a five‐week period of participant observations and archive research in a Swedish public‐private partnership, focused on large‐scale media and entertainment event.Findings – In the temporary event‐driven project‐based organisational structure studied, communities of practice emerged by themselves because of the complexity of the task at hand. These are called “emergent communities of practice”. Four built‐in organisational mechanisms that cultivated the emergent communities of practice were identified: trust building stability; competence contributors; competence shadows; and social glue of informal events. Surprisingly, the public/private dimension was found not to affect the emergence of the community negatively.Research limitations/implications .
Teacher Attrition and Retention: A Meta-Analytic and Narrative Review of the Research

This comprehensive meta-analysis on teacher career trajectories, consisting of 34 studies of 63 attrition moderators, seeks to understand why teaching attrition occurs, or what factors moderate attrition outcomes. Personal characteristics of teachers are important predictors of turnover. Attributes of teachers’ schools, including organizational characteristics, student body composition, and resources (instructional spending and teacher salaries), are also key moderators. The evidence suggests that attrition from teaching is (a) not necessarily “healthy” turnover, (b) influenced by various personal and professional factors that change across teachers’ career paths, (c) more strongly moderated by characteristics of teachers’ work conditions than previously noted in the literature, and (d) a problem that can be addressed through policies and initiatives. Though researchers have utilized a number of national and state databases and have applied economic labor theory to questions related to teacher attrition, the authors argue that better longitudinal data on teacher career paths and more nuanced theories are needed.
The roles of empathy, anger, and gender in predicting attitudes toward punitive, reparative, and preventative public policies

Four studies tested for gender differences in support for punitive policies, reparative human services, and preventative social policies, and explored potential emotional and attitudinal mediators of differences that were found. In Study 1, participants' relative preferences for punitive, reparative human service, and preventative political actions were measured. Women preferred human service actions more than did men, and men preferred punitive and preventative actions more than did women. Study 2 found that men support punitive political policies more than do women. Study 3 found that again, men supported punitive actions more than did women, and women supported human service actions more than did men, and that among men, state anger predicted support for punitive actions, and among women, state empathy predicted willingness to volunteer. In Study 4, among both men and women state anger predicted support for punitive actions, and trait empathy predicted support for human service actions. Trait empathy mediated the gender difference found in support for human service actions. Results provide evidence that emotional dispositions and reactions play an important role in shaping political attitudes, and more specifically, that gender differences in emotion influence gender differences in policy preferences.
Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase by Stretch-Induced Injury in Astrocytes Involves Extracellular ATP and P2 Purinergic Receptors

Gliosis is characterized by hypertrophic and hyperplastic responses of astrocytes to brain injury. To determine whether injury of astrocytes produced by an in vitro model of brain trauma activates extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), a key regulator of cellular proliferation and differentiation, astrocytes cultured on deformable SILASTIC membranes were subjected to rapid, reversible strain (stretch)-induced injury. Activation of ERK was observed 1 min after injury, was maximal from 10 to 30 min, and remained elevated for 3 hr. Activation of ERK was dependent on the rate and magnitude of injury; maximum ERK activation was observed after a 20–60 msec, 7.5 mm membrane displacement. ERK activation was blocked by inhibiting MEK, the upstream activator of ERK. Activation of ERK was reduced when calcium influx was diminished. When extracellular ATP was hydrolyzed by apyrase or ATP/P2 receptors were blocked, injury-induced ERK activation was significantly reduced. P2 receptor antagonist studies indicated a role for P2X2 and P2Y1, but not P2X1, P2X3, or P2X7, receptors in injury-induced ERK activation. These findings demonstrate for the first time that ATP released by mechanical injury is one of the signals that triggers ERK activation and suggest a role for extracellular ATP, P2 purinergic receptors, and calcium-dependent ERK signaling in the astrocytic response to brain trauma.
Grief, Self-Awareness, and Psychotherapy following Brain Injury

Brain injuries result in complex losses for an individual. Impairments of self-awareness are common following brain injury. The losses associated with brain injuries are often difficult for a person to comprehend because of impaired self-awareness. It is likely that there is a dynamic relationship between self-awareness and the grief that follow brain injury. Grief and impaired self-awareness, unless resolved, are likely to hamper rehabilitation efforts. Psychotherapeutic approaches specifically addressing grief and loss following brain injury are discussed. Ideally, attempts to address grief following brain injury should take account of the problem of impaired self-awareness. This article aims to bring together the concepts of both self-awareness and grief following brain injury and the role psychotherapy may have in assisting people adjusting to loss and grief following brain injury.
Release and activity of anti-TNFalpha therapeutics from injectable chitosan preparations for local drug delivery.

BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is a cytokine that regulates immune and inflammatory overactivation in various pathological states. Protein therapeutics may antagonize this cytokine, but may also have systemic toxicities. Small molecule natural products are also efficacious, but can suffer from poor oral bioavailability. A drug delivery vehicle is needed to sustain release of active therapeutics and address localized inflammation. MATERIALS Chitosan is a biocompatible aminopolysaccharide that undergoes thermally-initiated gelation in cosolutions with glycerophosphate (GP), and may entrap and sustain release of additive therapeutics. Gelation time and temperature of chitosan/GP were evaluated by turbidity (OD(350)), as was the kinetic effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA) entrapment. We investigated in vitro release of BSA and various anti-TNF agents (curcumin, sTNFRII, anti-TNF antibody) and confirmed in vitro activity of the released drugs using an established bioassay. RESULTS Turbidity results show that chitosan/GP thermogel achieves gelation at 37 degrees C within 10 min, even with significant protein loading. Sustained BSA release occurred with 50% retained at 7 days. All anti-TNF therapeutics exhibited sustained release, with 10% of sTNFRII and anti-TNF antibody remaining after 7 days and 10% of curcumin remaining after 20 days. After release, each compound antagonized TNFalpha-cytotoxicity in murine fibrosarcoma cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that thermogelling chitosan/GP entraps and sustains release of a broad range of anti-TNF agents. Such delivery of disease-modifying therapy could establish a drug depot to treat local inflammation. The breadth of molecular sizes demonstrates significant versatility, and slow release could protect against toxicities of systemic delivery.
PUTTING GIDDENS INTO ACTION: SOCIAL SYSTEMS AND MANAGERIAL AGENCY

This article examines the influence of Anthony Giddens on recent work in management studies, especially the contribution of his structurationist pers- pective to understanding managerial agency. A citation analysis and discussion of prominent exponents such as Ranson et al. (1980), Andrew Pettigrew and Hugh Willmott, concludes that Giddens' influence is substantial but lopsided. Giddens' concern for the intersection and tension between different social systems has been particularly neglected. Drawing on the insights of current 'institutionalist' studies of societal influences on organizations, the article builds a structurationist account of managerial agency that is founded on the contradictions within and between different social systems. The article ends by considering the implications of this structurationist account for current concerns with managerial leadership, organizational symbolism and strategic choice.
South African Adolescents’ Constructions of Intimacy in Romantic Relationships

Localized understandings of adolescent romantic relationships are needed to expand our knowledge of the diversity of adolescent romantic experiences and to challenge negative discourses of adolescent heterosexual relationships. This study explored the constructions of intimacy of 20 adolescent men and women in romantic relationships from one low-income community in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Using Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory method, we found that our participants reproduced dominant romantic and gender discourses in their intimacy constructions within a community context of limited and limiting discourses. We argue that they could benefit from alternative discourses, more opportunities to interact privately and intimately with their partners, and to reflect on and articulate their romantic relationship experiences.
Efficient Ray Based Global Illumination Using Photon Maps

We introduce a ray based technique to approximate global illumination for complex scenes. If perfect accuracy is not needed, our approach is a simple but more efficient alternative to prior ray based approaches like ray mapping. Our approach combines the simplicity and efficiency of photon mapping with the bias reduction of ray based techniques. The tradeoff between accuracy and efficiency is controlled by only a single parameter. Moreover our algorithm can be easily integrated into existing photon mapping based frameworks.
Reinforcement Learning using Kernel-Based Stochastic Factorization

Kernel-based reinforcement-learning (KBRL) is a method for learning a decision policy from a set of sample transitions which stands out for its strong theoretical guarantees. However, the size of the approximator grows with the number of transitions, which makes the approach impractical for large problems. In this paper we introduce a novel algorithm to improve the scalability of KBRL. We resort to a special decomposition of a transition matrix, called stochastic factorization, to fix the size of the approximator while at the same time incorporating all the information contained in the data. The resulting algorithm, kernel-based stochastic factorization (KBSF), is much faster but still converges to a unique solution. We derive a theoretical upper bound for the distance between the value functions computed by KBRL and KBSF. The effectiveness of our method is illustrated with computational experiments on four reinforcement-learning problems, including a difficult task in which the goal is to learn a neurostimulation policy to suppress the occurrence of seizures in epileptic rat brains. We empirically demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to compress the information contained in KBRL's model. Also, on the tasks studied, KBSF outperforms two of the most prominent reinforcement-learning algorithms, namely least-squares policy iteration and fitted Q-iteration.
Simple one-pass algorithm for penalized linear regression with cross-validation on MapReduce

In this paper, we propose a one-pass algorithm on MapReduce for penalized linear regression \[f_\lambda(\alpha, \beta) = \|Y - \alpha\mathbf{1} - X\beta\|_2^2 + p_{\lambda}(\beta)\] where $\alpha$ is the intercept which can be omitted depending on application; $\beta$ is the coefficients and $p_{\lambda}$ is the penalized function with penalizing parameter $\lambda$. $f_\lambda(\alpha, \beta)$ includes interesting classes such as Lasso, Ridge regression and Elastic-net. Compared to latest iterative distributed algorithms requiring multiple MapReduce jobs, our algorithm achieves huge performance improvement; moreover, our algorithm is exact compared to the approximate algorithms such as parallel stochastic gradient decent. Moreover, what our algorithm distinguishes with others is that it trains the model with cross validation to choose optimal $\lambda$ instead of user specified one. Key words: penalized linear regression, lasso, elastic-net, ridge, MapReduce
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Canadian and Mainland Chinese University Students' Leisure Motivations

This study examined the reliability and explanatory ability of a modified version of Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory as it applied to Canadian (n = 170) and Mainland Chinese (n = 229) university students' leisure motivations and determined whether these leisure motivations differed between the two cultural groups. An on-site questionnaire composed of seven motivational scales was developed. Alpha coefficients, confirmatory factor analyses, and scale intercorrelation comparisons supported self-determination theory's cross-cultural applicability. Profile analyses indicated as hypothesized that: (a) Canadian students were significantly more identified, introjected reward, and introjected punishment motivated than were Chinese students; and (b) Chinese and Canadian students were not significantly different in their intrinsic, integrated, external reward, and external punishment motivations. Findings are discussed in regard to leisure's universality.