Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new auction‐based scheduler for heterogeneous systems with moldable generic resources support

Slurm resource management system is used on many TOP500 supercomputers. We present a new auction‐based heterogeneous cluster scheduler plug‐in called AUCSCHED2. AUCSCHED2 contributes two major enhancements: the first is the extension of Slurm to support generic resource moldability by specification of resource ranges. The generic resources include accelerators like graphics processing unit or Xeon Phi. The current version of Slurm supports specification of node ranges but not of generic resource ranges. Such a feature can be very useful to run‐time auto‐tuning applications and systems that can make use of variable number of generic resources. The second enhancement involves the implementation of a new integer programming formulation in AUCSCHED2 that drastically reduces the number of variables. This allows faster solution and larger number of bids to be generated. Slurm emulation results are presented for the heterogeneous 1408 node Tsubame supercomputer, which has 12 cores and three graphics processing units on each of its nodes. AUCSCHED2 is available at https://github.com/aucsched/aucsched2. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A transcriptional insulator element, the su(Hw) binding site, protects a chromosomal DNA replication origin from position effects

Eukaryotic chromosomes are organized into domains of activity for both transcription and DNA replication. Transcriptional "border," or "insulator," elements have been implicated in mediating the organization of transcriptional domains. However, the DNA sequence elements which might demarcate domains of DNA replication activity are unknown. su(Hw) protein binding sites [su(Hw)BSs] are potent transcriptional insulator elements which can block enhancer action, as well as positive and negative chromosomal position effects. Here we report that flanking su(Hw)BSs can also create a chromosomal domain permissible for activity of the chorion gene DNA replication origin. During Drosophila oogenesis the chorion (eggshell) gene loci are amplified approximately 80-fold through repeated initiation of DNA replication. The cis-acting amplification control element, on the third chromosome (ACE3), is required for high levels of amplification initiating at the nearby major origin of replication, Ori-beta. A transgenic chorion locus construct containing ACE3 and Ori-beta was able to amplify but was extremely sensitive to position effects: only 7 of 21 independent insertions amplified >10-fold. The inclusion of flanking su(Hw)BSs in the construct dramatically protected DNA replication from position effects: 31 of 31 insertions now amplified >10-fold, and this protection was reduced in a su(Hw) mutant background. Amplification was equal on both sides of the su(Hw)BS, demonstrating that replication fork passage is not significantly impeded by these sites. Inclusion of only a single su(Hw)BS in the construct did not detectably protect the chorion gene DNA replication origin from position effects.
In vivo detection and automatic analysis of GABA in the mouse brain with MEGA‐PRESS at 9.4 T

The goals of this study were to develop an acquisition protocol and the analysis tools for Meshcher–Garwood point‐resolved spectroscopy (MEGA‐PRESS) in mouse brain at 9.4 T, to allow the in vivo detection of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and to examine whether isoflurane alters GABA levels in the thalamus during anesthesia. We implemented the MEGA‐PRESS sequence on a Bruker 94/20 system with ParaVision 6.0. 1, and magnetic resonance spectra were acquired from nine male wild‐type C57BL/6 J mice at the thalamus. Four individual scans were obtained for each mouse in a 2‐h time course whilst the mouse was anesthetized with isoflurane. We developed an automated analysis program with improved correction for frequency and phase drift compared with the standard creatine (Cr) fitting‐based method and provided automatic quantification. During MEGA‐PRESS acquisition, a single voxel with a size of 5 × 3 × 3 mm3 was placed at the thalamus to evaluate GABA to Cr (GABA/Cr) ratios during anesthesia. Detection and quantitative analysis of thalamic GABA levels were successfully achieved. We noticed a significant decrease in GABA/Cr during the 2‐h anesthesia (by linear regression analysis: slope < 0, p < 0.0001). In summary, our findings demonstrate that MEGA‐PRESS is a feasible technique to measure in vivo GABA levels in the mouse brain at 9.4 T.
Smokeless tobacco and cardiovascular disease.

Various forms of smokeless tobacco (mainly snuff and chewing tobacco) cause an immediate increase in heart rate and blood pressure, but regular users of smokeless tobacco do not have permanent changes of heart rate or blood pressure when not exposed to tobacco. Cardiac output during workload and maximal working capacity are unaffected. Users of smokeless tobacco usually do not have the biochemical stigmata that regular smokers have. Thus, the scientific literature suggests that they are similar to non-tobacco users in terms of levels of hemoglobin/hematocrit, leukocytes, antioxidant vitamins, fibrinogen, components of the fibrinolytic system, C-reactive protein, and thromboxane A2 production. Two studies have found that snuff users, as opposed to smokers, do not have increased intima-media thickness or atherosclerotic lesions when investigated by ultrasound. Results on the risk for myocardial infarction have provided conflicting evidence, 2 case-control studies showing the same risks as in non-tobacco users and one cohort study showing an increased risk for cardiovascular death. In all, the use of smokeless tobacco (with snuff being the most studied variant) involves a much lower risk for adverse cardiovascular effects than smoking does. Whether or not the apparent risk reduction is a useful strategy to help inveterate smokers to quit is a matter of debate, as are the public health effects of a high prevalence of snuff use in some populations.
A Retroperitoneal Neuroendocrine Tumor in Ectopic Pancreatic Tissue

Ectopic pancreas is the relatively uncommon presence of pancreatic tissue outside the normal location of the pancreas. We report a case of abdominal pain due to retroperitoneal neuroendocrine tumor arising from heterotopic pancreatic tissue between the duodenal wall and the head of the pancreas. Patient underwent surgical enucleation of the tumor.
Fuzzy objective functions for robust pattern recognition

In this paper, we consider the issue of fuzzy objective functions when outliers exist. The outlier set is defined as the complement of the data set. Following this concept, a specially designed fuzzy membership weighted objective function is proposed and the corresponding optimal membership is derived. Based on the proposed robust objective functions, algorithms for clustering are implemented. Artificially generated data are used for comparison.
Multiple kernel support vector regression for economic forecasting

Economic forecasting has become an important research topic in field of management science. Economic operation is a complex and changeable thing. There are many factors, which impact development of economy positively or negatively. This fact makes the economic system have dynamic, non-linear and uncertain characteristics. In this paper, a forecasting method is proposed for economic research, based on multiple kernel support vector regression. In the proposed method, we provide the forecasting framework for economy by means of multiple kernel support vector regression and multiple kernel learning mechanism. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments are conducted on total production amount data from Chinese first and second industry. The numerical result shows that the proposed method greatly outperform conventional BP neural network and support vector machine with simple kernel in terms of forecasting performance.
CMOS-Compatible Polarization Splitter for 3-D Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits

To achieve intra-chip three-dimensional (3-D) integration of silicon photonic circuits, we design a polarization beam splitter based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) platform. With the aid of the polarization-dependent nature of the center waveguide in a three-port directional coupler, the device separates the TM- and TE-polarization modes onto different layers of 3-D silicon photonic circuits. Numerical simulations with a full vectorial beam propagation method exhibit that we can obtain a 10 μm-long polarization splitter with extinction ratio better than 20 dB on the entire C-band. The optical device without the vertical offset can serve as a horizontal polarization splitter with nearly the same optical characteristics. We conclude that the proposed polarization beam splitter is compatible not only with the CMOS structure but also with the CMOS fabrication process.
Factors Associated With Treatment Acceptance and Compliance Among Incarcerated Male Sex Offenders

The files of sex offenders who had been offered treatment at a medium-security state prison were divided into three groups: treatment refusal (n = 59), treatment noncompliance (n = 61), and treatment compliance (n = 36). Demographic, offense-related, clinical, and psychological assessment data were collected. Significant differences were found between groups on years to parole eligibility; plea; relation to victim; childhood sexual victimization; and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Variable Response Inconsistency (VRIN), Lie (L), and Masculinity–Femininity (Mf) scale scores. Logistic regression analyses revealed that significant predictors of treatment refusal include increased time until parole eligibility and lower VRIN and Mf scores (vs. noncompliant) as well as no history of childhood sexual victimization and higher L scores (vs. compliant). Having entered a not-guilty plea was the only significant predictor of noncompliance among those who initially accepted treatment. These findings are discussed in relation to previous studies of sex offender treatment compliance and directions for future research.
Genome‐wide analysis of Nilaparvata lugens nymphal responses to high‐density and low‐quality rice hosts

The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens is an economically important pest on rice plants. In this study, the higher population density and yellow‐ripe stage of rice plants were used to construct adverse survival conditions (ASC) against BPH nymphs. Simultaneously, the low population density and tillering stage of rice plants were used to establish a suitable survival condition (SSC) as a control. Solexa/Illumina sequencing was used to identify genes of BPH nymphs responding to ASC. Significantly longer duration development of BPH nymphs and significantly lower brachypterous ratio of BPH adults were observed by ASC compared with SSC. A total of 2 544 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained and analyzed by BLASTx, Gene Ontology and KEGG Orthology. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly involved in categories of cell, cell part, cellular process, binding, catalytic, organelle and metabolic processes. 1 138 DEGs having enzyme commission numbers were assigned to different metabolic pathways. The largest clusters were neurodegenerative diseases (137, 12.0%), followed by carbohydrate metabolism (113, 9.9%), amino acid metabolism (94, 8.3%), nucleotide metabolism (76, 6.7%), energy metabolism (64, 5.6%), translation (60, 5.3%), lipid metabolism (58, 5.1%), and folding, sorting and degradation (52, 4.6%). Expressing profile of 11 DEGs during eight nymphal developmental stages of BPH were analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The 11 genes exhibited differential expression between ASC and SSC during at least one developmental stage. The DEGs identified in this study provide molecular proof of how BPH reconfigures its gene expression profile to adapt to overcrowding and low‐quality hosts.
Modèles et indicateurs pour l'analyse des vulnérabilités des réseaux électriques aux pertes de lignes

La vulnerabilite des systemes electriques est l'un des problemes lies a leur complexite. Il a fait l’objet d’une attention croissante des chercheurs au cours des dernieres decennies. Malgre cela, les phenomenes fondamentaux qui regissent la vulnerabilite du systeme ne sont pas encore bien compris.Comprendre comment la vulnerabilite des reseaux electriques emerge de leur topologie est la motivation principale du present travail. Pour cela, le present travail de recherche propose une nouvelle methode pour evaluer la vulnerabilite des systemes electriques et identifier leurs elements les plus critiques. La methode permet d’avoir une bonne comprehension des liens entre la topologie d’un reseau et sa vulnerabilite a des pertes d’ouvrages (lignes ou transformateurs). La premiere partie de ce travail consiste en une analyse critique des approches rencontrees dans la litterature, s’appuyant sur la theorie des graphes, pour analyser la vulnerabilite des reseaux electriques. Les resultats fournis par ces approches pour quatre reseaux IEEE sont compares a ceux fournis par une analyse de contingence de reference, basee sur une resolution d’un load-flow AC. Des avantages et inconvenients de chaque approche est tiree une methode amelioree pour l'evaluation de la vulnerabilite des reseaux electriques aux pertes d’ouvrage. Cette methode est basee sur une approximation courant continue du load flow.La deuxieme partie propose une nouvelle approche basee sur la theorie spectrale des graphes et son utilisation pour la resolution d’un load flow DC. Elle permet de mieux comprendre comment la vulnerabilite des reseaux electriques et leurs composants critiques emergent de la topologie du graphe sous-jacent au reseau.
Two CCAAT/enhancer binding protein sites are cis‐activator elements of the Entamoeba histolytica EhPgp1 (mdr‐like) gene expression

Here, we show the relevance of promoter regions (−74 to +24, −167 to −75 and −259 to −168 bp) in the transcriptional activation of the multidrug resistance gene EhPgp1 in Entamoeba histolytica, using mutated plasmids and transfection assays. We also demonstrate that both CCAAT/enhancer binding protein sites (−54 to −43 bp and −198 to −186 bp) are cis‐activating elements of gene expression in the drug‐resistant (clone C2) and ‐sensitive (clone A) trophozoites. Nuclear proteins from trophozoites of both clones and C/EBP sequences of the core promoter formed specific complexes, which were abolished by anti‐human C/EBPβ antibodies. UV cross‐linking and Western blot assays revealed 25 and 65 kDa bands in urea treated and untreated proteins respectively. The nuclear factors that bind to C/EBP sites were semi‐purified by affinity chromatography. They were immunodetected by anti‐human C/EBPβ antibodies and formed a specific complex with the C/EBP probe. The antibodies recognized proteins in the cytoplasm, nucleus and EhkO organelles in immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy experiments. Based on our results, we propose that the C/EBP site at −54 bp stabilizes the transcription pre‐initiation complex, whereas the other site at −198 bp may be involved in the formation of a multiprotein complex, which provokes DNA folding and promotes the EhPgp1 gene transcription.
Estimating the degree of emergency department overcrowding in academic medical centers: results of the National ED Overcrowding Study (NEDOCS).

OBJECTIVES No single universal definition of emergency department (ED) overcrowding exists. The authors hypothesize that a previously developed site-sampling form for academic ED overcrowding is a valid model to quantify overcrowding in academic institutions and can be used to develop a validated short form that correlates with overcrowding. METHODS A 23-question site-sampling form was designed based on input from academic physicians at eight medical schools representative of academic EDs nationwide. A total of 336 site-samplings at eight academic medical centers were conducted at 42 computer-generated random times over a three-week period by independent observers at each site. These sampling times ranged from very slow to severely overcrowded. The outcome variable was the degree of overcrowding as assessed by the charge nurse and ED physicians. The full model consisted of objective data that were obtained by counting the number of patients, determining patients' waiting times, and obtaining information from registration, triage, and ancillary services. Specific objective data were indexed to site-specific demographics. The outcome and objective data were compared using a multiple linear regression to determine predictive validity of the full model. A five-question reduced model was calculated using a backward stepdown procedure. Predictive validity and relationships between the outcome and objective data were assessed using a mixed-effects linear regression model, treating center as random effect. RESULTS Overcrowding occurred 12% to 73% of the time (mean, 35%), with two hospitals being overcrowded more than 50% of the time. Comparison of objective and outcome data resulted in an R(2) of 0.49 (p < 0.001), indicating a good degree of predictive validity. A reduced five-question model predicted the full model with 88% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Overcrowding varied widely between academic centers during the study period. Results of a five-question reduced model are valid and accurate in predicting the degree of overcrowding in academic centers.
Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty of Mobile Services

With the rapid development of mobile technology and users’ wide adoption of mobile phones, mobile services have been a huge success in China. Even though the literature on the adoption of mobile services is quite extensive, few studies focus on customer satisfaction and loyalty in China. This study investigated the impact of perceived customer value, perceived service quality, and trust on customer satisfaction, and the influence of satisfaction and perceived switching cost on customer loyalty. The research results can give some implications on mobile instant message development strategies in China.
The Effect of α-Amanitin on the Arabidopsis Seed Proteome Highlights the Distinct Roles of Stored and Neosynthesized mRNAs during Germination1

To investigate the role of stored and neosynthesized mRNAs in seed germination, we examined the effect of α-amanitin, a transcriptional inhibitor targeting RNA polymerase II, on the germination of nondormant Arabidopsis seeds. We used transparent testa mutants, of which seed coat is highly permeable, to better ascertain that the drug can reach the embryo during seed imbibition. Even with the most permeable mutant (tt2-1), germination (radicle protrusion) occurred in the absence of transcription, while subsequent seedling growth was blocked. In contrast, germination was abolished in the presence of the translational inhibitor cycloheximide. Taken together, the results highlight the role of stored proteins and mRNAs for germination in Arabidopsis and show that in this species the potential for germination is largely programmed during the seed maturation process. The α-amanitin-resistant germination exhibited characteristic features. First, this germination was strongly slowed down, indicating that de novo transcription normally allows the synthesis of factor(s) activating the germination rate. Second, the sensitivity of germination to gibberellic acid was reduced 15-fold, confirming the role of this phytohormone in germination. Third, de novo synthesis of enzymes involved in reserve mobilization and resumption of metabolic activity was repressed, thus accounting for the failure in seedling establishment. Fourth, germinating seeds can recapitulate at least part of the seed maturation program, being capable of using mRNAs stored during development. Thus, commitment to germination and plant growth requires transcription of genes allowing the imbibed seed to discriminate between mRNAs to be utilized in germination and those to be destroyed.
Sports Spectator Behavior: A Test of the Theory of Planned Behavior

The theory of planned behavior has been applied to sports and exercise behaviors. According to this theory, human intention to take action in a specific context is guided by three antecedents: attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Behavioral intention mediates the relationships between these three considerations and its ultimate performance. However, this theory has seldom been applied to the behaviors of spectators of sporting events. A sample of 269 volleyball spectators in Taiwan was studied to examine whether people's intention mediated their attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control toward a given behavior, watching the 2010 Fédération Internationale de Volleyball World Grand Prix in Taipei. Regression analyses did not support behavioral intention as a mediator. This result is discussed in the context of planned behavior.
SODIUM AND CHLORIDE FLUXES IN SYNAPTOSOMES IN VITRO

Synaptosomes incubated in a physiological saline extrude sodium and take up potassium. As would be expected this process is completely blocked by metabolic inhibitors such as cyanide and iodoacetate. However, when metabolic inhibitors are replaced by ouabain (100 μM) there is an increase in the steady state intrasynaptosomal sodium and chloride content even though there is no change in the potassium content. The increases are prevented when synaptosomes are incubated with metabolic inhibitors in addition to ouabain. There is therefore a ouabain‐insensitive process that transports sodium, chloride and concomitantly water into synaptosomes. It appears not to function when the supply of metabolic energy is inhibited. The diuretic furosemide (1 mM) in the presence of ouabain inhibits the entry of sodium and chloride without affecting the intrasynaptosomal potassium concentration. Ethacrynic acid (1 mM) has a somewhat similar effect but in addition appears to damage the synaptosome membrane.
POS Tagging of English Particles for Machine Translation

Part-of-speech tagging is a crucial preprocessing step for machine translation. Ambiguity in the natural language processing has made POS tagging hard. And particles are a major cause of ambiguity. But current studies have limited particles in narrow sense. Therefore, this study presents an English POS tagger basically addressing the tagging of particles in broad sense. A definition of particles in broad sense is given, a small size of 998k English annotated corpus in business domain is built, the maximum entropy model is adopted and rule-based approach is used in post-processing. Experiments show that our tagger achieves an F-score of 90.87% in closed test and 87.24% in open test, which is a quite satisfactory result.
Divide-and-conquer and statistical inference for big data

I present some recent work on statistical inference for Big Data. Divide-and-conquer is a natural computational paradigm for approaching Big Data problems, particularly given recent developments in distributed and parallel computing, but some interesting challenges arise when applying divide-and-conquer algorithms to statistical inference problems. One interesting issue is that of obtaining confidence intervals in massive datasets. The bootstrap principle suggests resampling data to obtain fluctuations in the values of estimators, and thereby confidence intervals, but this is infeasible with massive data. Subsampling the data yields fluctuations on the wrong scale, which have to be corrected to provide calibrated statistical inferences. I present a new procedure, the "bag of little bootstraps," which circumvents this problem, inheriting the favorable theoretical properties of the bootstrap but also having a much more favorable computational profile. Another issue that I discuss is the problem of large-scale matrix completion. Here divide-and-conquer is a natural heuristic that works well in practice, but new theoretical problems arise when attempting to characterize the statistical performance of divide-and-conquer algorithms. Here the theoretical support is provided by concentration theorems for random matrices, and I present a new approach to this problem based on Stein's method1.