Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language teacher education for intercultural understanding

Over recent decades language teaching and learning has undergone a redefinition of the subject and a rapid change in its methodology. Language programmes can now be delivered in technology‐based environments and communication at an international level can be a daily occurrence. This paper on the one hand analyses how these developments have extended and challenged the traditional roles and responsibilities of language teachers. On the other, it examines to what extent established models of language teacher education acknowledge and address the needs of language teachers today, in particular in relation to the integration of the intercultural dimension into language teaching and learning. Au cours des récentes décennies l'enseignement–apprentissage des langues s'est vu redéfini et a connu une rapide évolution en matière de méthodologie. On peut aujourd'hui délivrer les cursus de langue par le moyen d'environnements technologiques, et il est devenu banal de communiquer internationalement de cette façon. Dans la présente étude nous cherchons d'une part à cerner les défis que présente cette évolution pour les rôles et responsabilités traditionnels des enseignants de langue. D'autre part nous demandons dans quelle mesure les modèles en vigueur en matière de formation des enseignants reconnaissent les nouveaux besoins de ceux‐ci, notamment en ce qui concerne l'intégration de la dimension interculturelle dans leur pratique. Im Bereich Sprachenlehren und lernen haben sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten grundlegende Veränderungen ergeben, vor allem im Hinblick auf Methodologie. Sprachkurse können jetzt per Computer zu den Adressaten gebracht werden und Kommunikation über Grenzen hinweg wird potentiell zum alltäglichen Ereignis. Hier soll untersucht werden inwieweit diese Entwicklungen die traditionelle Rolle und den Verantwortungsbereich von Sprachenlehrer/innen erweitert und verändert haben. Darüberhinaus wird überprüft inwieweit die herkömmliche Ausbildung der Sprachenlehrer/innen den heutigen Anforderungen gerecht wird, vor allem im Hinblick auf die interkulturelle Dimension des Lehren und Lernens von Fremd‐ und Zweitsprachen. En las últimas décadas la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las lenguas ha pasado por una redefinición de su contenido y un rápido cambio en su metodología. Los programas de estudios se pueden realizar en entornos basados en las nuevas tecnologías y la comunicación a nivel internacional puede darse a diario. Este artículo de una parte analiza de qué manera estos cambios han ampliado y desafiado los papeles y las responsabilidades que los profesores de lenguas han tenido tradicionalmente. De otra parte, examina hasta qué punto los modelos que se han venido utilizando para la formación de profesores de idiomas reconocen y suplen sus necesidades en la actualidad, en particular en lo que se refiere a la integración de la dimensión intercultural en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las lenguas.
Assessing Dispositions Toward Cultural Diversity among Preservice Teachers

Teacher education interventions designed to help individuals acquire understandings and skills needed to work effectively with culturally diverse student populations may not have significant impact unless teachers as learners are willing to explore beyond the familiar comfort zone of the majority cultural status quo. The purpose of this study was to assess preservice teachers’ attitudes toward cultural diversity prior to their entry into multicultural education courses at an urban university. Respondents indicated strong support for implementing diversity issues in the classroom, and high levels of agreement with equity beliefs and the social value of diversity. They did not agree that assimilation to the dominant culture was a requisite for student success.
Parameterized Decay Model for Information Retrieval

This article proposes a term weighting scheme for measuring query-document similarity that attempts to explicitly model the dependency between separate occurrences of a term in a document. The assumption is that, if a term appears once in a document, it is more likely to appear again in the same document. Thus, as the term appears again and again, the information content of the subsequent occurrences decreases gradually, since they are more predictable. We introduce a parameterized decay function to model this assumption, where the initial contribution of the term can be determined using any reasonable term discrimination factor. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated on a number of recent web test collections of varying nature. The experimental results show that the proposed model significantly outperforms a number of well known retrieval models including a recently proposed strong Term Frequency and Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) model.
Task Variant Allocation in Distributed Robotics

This paper tackles the problem of allocating tasks to a distributed heterogeneous robotic system, where tasks---named *task variants* in the paper---can vary in terms of trade-off between resource requirements and quality of service provided. Three different methods (constraint programming, greedy, and metaheuristic) are proposed to solve such a problem and are evaluated both in simulation and in a real scenario, showing the goodness of the constraint programming method.
Broad Suppression of NADPH Oxidase Activity Exacerbates Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Inadvertent Downregulation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1&agr; and Upregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator–activated Receptor-&agr;

Rationale: NADPH oxidase (Nox) 2 and Nox4 are major components of the Nox family which purposefully produce reactive oxidative species, namely O2− and H2O2, in the heart. The isoform-specific contribution of Nox2 and Nox4 to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is poorly understood. Objective: We investigated the role of Nox2 and Nox4 in mediating oxidative stress and myocardial injury during I/R using loss-of-function mouse models. Methods and Results: Systemic (s) Nox2 knockout (KO), sNox4 KO, and cardiac-specific (c) Nox4 KO mice were subjected to I/R (30 minutes/24 hours, respectively). Both myocardial infarct size/area at risk and O2− production were lower in sNox2 KO, sNox4 KO, and cNox4 KO than in wild-type mice. Unexpectedly, however, the myocardial infarct size/area at risk was greater, despite less O2− production, in sNox2 KO+cNox4 KO (double-KO) mice and transgenic mice (Tg) with cardiac-specific expression of dominant-negative Nox, which suppresses both Nox2 and Nox4, than in wild-type or single KO mice. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1&agr; was downregulated whereas peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-&agr; was upregulated in Tg-dominant-negative Nox mice. A cross with mice deficient in prolyl hydroxylase 2, which hydroxylates hypoxia-inducible factor-1&agr;, rescued the I/R injury and prevented upregulation of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-&agr; in Tg-dominant–negative Nox mice. A cross with peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-&agr; KO mice also attenuated the injury in Tg- dominant–negative Nox mice. Conclusions: Both Nox2 and Nox4 contribute to the increase in reactive oxidative species and injury by I/R. However, low levels of reactive oxidative species produced by either Nox2 or Nox4 regulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1&agr; and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-&agr;, thereby protecting the heart against I/R, suggesting that Noxs also act as a physiological sensor for myocardial adaptation.
PACXX: Towards a Unified Programming Model for Programming Accelerators Using C++14

We present PACXX -- a unified programming model for programming many-core systems that comprise accelerators like Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). One of the main difficulties of the current GPU programming is that two distinct programming models are required: the host code for the CPU is written in C/C++ with the restricted, C-like API for memory management, while the device code for the GPU has to be written using a device-dependent, explicitly parallel programming model, e.g., OpenCL or CUDA. This leads to long, poorly structured and error-prone codes. In PACXX, both host and device programs are written in the same programming language -- the newest C++14 standard, with all modern features including type inference (auto), variadic templates, generic lambda expressions, as well as STL containers and algorithms. We implement PACXX by a custom compiler (based on the Clang front-end and LLVM IR) and a runtime system, that together perform major tasks of memory management and data synchronization automatically and transparently for the programmer. We evaluate our approach by comparing it to CUDA and OpenCL regarding program size and target performance.
Persistent homology centrality improves link prediction performance in Pubmed co-occurrence networks

This paper provides a novel approach to understanding the nature of innovation and scientific progress by analyzing large-scale datasets of scientific literature. A new measure of novelty potential or disruptiveness for a set of scientific entities is proposed, based in the mathematical formalism of algebraic topology via a method called persistent homology. In this framework, understanding where academic ideas depart from the existing body of knowledge to fill knowledge gaps is key to scoring a set of entities and their potential for filling future knowledge gaps. This framework is motivated by the assumption that scientific discovery has underlying regularities that can be modeled and predicted. Our method uses a filtration, which is a type of ranking of hypergraph components along a chosen parameter. In this work two different axes are used, which constructs a growing grid of sub-hypergraphs. The axes of time (scientific knowledge evolution) and normalized point-wise mutual information (network structure) affords the ability to succinctly represent the entire dynamic structure of the scientific literature network. We then find that using very simple and interpretable measures of centrality derived from this crude bifiltration or vineyard affords the ability to predict links within the dynamic scientific network. While several different methods of link prediction have been proposed in the past, the method presented here extends the notion of link prediction to a higher dimension, as the boundary of the knowledge gap may be more than just 0-dimensional nodes. The system presented here not only suggests a mathematical basis, consistent with observations in cognitive neurosciences regarding early childhood language acquisition, but additionally provides useful applications for the scientific community in predicting and ranking hypothesis for scientific discovery.
Feature Selection based on manifold-learning with dynamic constraint handling differential evolution

Feature Selection in high dimensional feature space is the main challenge in statistic learning field. In this paper, a novel feature selection method based on manifold learning is proposed. The distance metric weight vector are optimized to maximize the multi-class margin in the manifold embedded in low dimension space, as well as minimize its L1-norm. This multi objectives optimization problem is solved by a Differential Evolution (DE) with dynamic constraint-handling mechanism. And a criterion to determine the best feature subset based on the optimal weight vector is given. The test result for selecting the optimal feature subset of UCI breast tissue dataset indicates that this real coded feature selection method could find some feature subset which has good classification robustness.
A Community of Illusions? Portugal, the CPLP and Peacemaking in Guiné-Bissau

Portugal's intervention in the Guiné-Bissau crisis of 1998-99 was designed in part to assert a continuing special relationship with Africa and in part to give purpose to the Community of Portuguese-Speaking States (CPLP) as an inter-governmental organization. Ultimately, the undertaking illustrated the limits rather than the possibilities of peacemaking and peacekeeping by former colonial powers in Africa. These limits were set by differences of interests and perspectives within the CPLP itself; accusations of 'neo-colonialism' from local interests; diplomatic tensions between Portugal and other external actors (notably France); and rivalry with the dominant regional organization (ECOWAS). Faced with these difficulties, and despite an initially promising engagement, the CPLP was eventually marginalized from the conflict resolution process in Guiné.
Automated Pulmonary Nodule Detection System in Computed Tomography Images: A Hierarchical Block Classification Approach

A computer-aided detection (CAD) system is helpful for radiologists to detect pulmonary nodules at an early stage. In this paper, we propose a novel pulmonary nodule detection method based on hierarchical block classification. The proposed CAD system consists of three steps. In the first step, input computed tomography images are split into three-dimensional block images, and we apply entropy analysis on the block images to select informative blocks. In the second step, the selected block images are segmented and adjusted for detecting nodule candidates. In the last step, we classify the nodule candidate images into nodules and non-nodules. We extract feature vectors of the objects in the selected blocks. Lastly, the support vector machine is applied to classify the extracted feature vectors. Performance of the proposed system is evaluated on the Lung Image Database Consortium database. The proposed method has reduced the false positives in the nodule candidates significantly. It achieved 95.28% sensitivity with only 2.27 false positives per scan.
A Peculiar People: Slave Religion and Community-Culture Among the Gullahs

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Proposing a Broadened View of Citizenship: North American Teachers” Service in Rural Costa Rican Schools

This article proposes that the balance of experiential learning and serious interaction in an international arena is an ideal condition for teachers to develop perspective consciousness about the world. It documents the interpretations of teachers in a university service project in rural Costa Rican schools. Findings suggest that the service provided valuable opportunities to teach and learn with children in rural classrooms that led to diverse experiences for participants to assume responsibilities as researchers, teachers, and learners. The contrasting beliefs in the systems of Costa Rica and the United States provided a situation to develop innovation in teaching in reaction to a contrasting educational setting. Whether participants embraced the new system was secondary to their strengthened ability to think reflectively, discover insights, and develop perspective consciousness. This came about because participants struggled with new ways to frame problems and experimented with alternative strategies for their work as teachers.
Evaluation of the Stability of Four Document Segmentation Algorithms

The importance of having stable information extraction algorithms for security related applications and more generally for industrial use cases has been recently highlighted. Stability is what makes an algorithm reliable as it gives a guarantee that the results will be reproducible on similar data. Without it, security criteria such as the probability of false positives cannot be quantified. As a consequence, no security application can be built from an unstable algorithm. In a document verification framework, the probability of false positives indicates the probability that two different results are given for two copies of the same document. This paper builds on our previous work about a stable layout descriptor to study the stability of four segmentation algorithms. We consider that a segmentation algorithm is stable if it produces the same layout for all copies of the same document. The algorithms studied are two versions of PAL, Voronoi, and JSEG. We compare the stability of the different algorithms and study the factors influencing their stability.
Ethnography: a research method in practice

This article discusses the ethnographic methods employed for a doctoral study focusing upon heritage tourism and English national identity. It explains the fundamental principles behind the research and how the field work was conducted. In addition, it examines the issues of practicality which emerged during the research process and discusses how these were resolved. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of ethnography as a tool for understanding and interpreting visitor behaviour. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Institutional Logics and Contradictions: Competing and Collaborating Logics in a Forum of Medical and Voluntary Practitioners

Institutional logics and professional change has challenged researchers to identify in micro terms the empirical evidence for change in day-to-day working practices and professional practices. This lack of evidence is not made any easier by the professional boundaries which can bedevil openness between professionals, even where they may be working in the same teams. Nowhere is this clearer than among medical teams where it is accepted that professional knowledge is to be defended from outsiders and where treatment of patients is to be defended from alternative practices. The present study offers empirical evidence drawn from a mixed group of practitioners responsible for the care of the adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Meeting together they have shared their insights into effective patient care and are prepared to question some of the taken for granted beliefs inherent in their training and traditional practice. Not only do they find much which they hold in common about good practice, but they devise guidelines for those following them into practice, whether they be doctors or counsellors. They are even prepared to exchange patients where this will facilitate treatment.
Secondary Prevention for Youth Violence: A Review of Selected School-Based Programs

In the United States, school violence is an issue of national concern. Many schools have responded to the problem by implementing prevention strategies that are, in general, of limited or unknown efficacy. Therefore, it is imperative that school officials be aware of efficaciousschool-based secondaryviolencepreventionprograms forat-risk youth,in order toselectandimplementaprogramthatbestmeetstheirneeds.Earlyintervention for youth violence at the elementary school level is necessary to prevent violence in adolescence and adulthood. This article reviews reports of studies on seven efficacious school-based secondary prevention programs for youth violence among elementary school children. Programs that show promising results are those that use cognitive-behavioral interventions and social skills training among at-risk elementary school children. We conclude with implications for crisis intervention andbrief treatmentpractices, as well as recommendations for future research. [Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 5:95‐107 (2005)]
Research on Interest in Science: Theories, methods, and findings

This article presents an overview of interest research and describes the theoretical and methodological background for the assessment of interest in science in large‐scale assessments like the ‘Programme for International Student Assessment’ (PISA). The paper starts with a short retrospective on the history of interest, bringing out theoretical roots that help to understand recent discussions on interest in science education. As interest is a widely used concept with manifold facets, it is essential to discuss different ways of modelling the relationship between a person and a comprehensive object like science with all of its different aspects, including wide ranges of content as well as contexts. Models that can be used for describing the content structure of science interest and the process of interest development are presented. Based on an overview of typical methods for assessing interests, exemplary findings on students’ interest in science are presented, which play an important role in the current scientific debate. Finally, challenges for future research on interest in science education are discussed.
Cross-Cultural Volunteerism: Examining the Effects of Intercultural (Dis)Similarities on Volunteers’ Motivations to Support International Students

Building on a group-level perspective on helping, we investigated the processes that lead domestic students to support international students in the context of voluntary peer-pairing programs. Results from a laboratory and a field study (total N = 198) confirmed that when international students came from culturally similar countries, empathy was a motivator of domestic students' helping intentions and behavior. Among culturally dissimilar dyads, however, helping was more contingent on the evaluation of international students' individual attributes. As moderated mediation analyses suggest, this effect was due to an increase in perceived relationship satisfaction, but, as expected, only among culturally dissimilar dyads.
The Positive Effects of Trait Emotional Intelligence during a Performance Review Discussion – A Psychophysiological Study

Performance review discussions of real manager–subordinate pairs were examined in two studies to investigate the effects of trait emotional intelligence (EI) on dyad member’s felt and expressed emotions. Altogether there were 84 managers and 122 subordinates in two studies using 360 measured and self-reported trait EI. Facial electromyography, and frontal electroencephalography (EEG) asymmetry were collected continuously. Manager’s high trait EI was related to increased positive valence emotional facial expressions in the dyad during the discussions. The managers also had more EEG frontal asymmetry indicating approach motivation, than the subordinates. In addition, actor and partner effects and actor × partner interactions, and interactions between the role and actor or partner effect of trait EI were observed. Both actor and partner trait EI were related to more positive self-reported emotional valence. The results imply that trait EI has a role in organizational social interaction.