Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bis(tetramethylammonium) oxalate monohydrate

In the crystal structure of the title hydrated salt, 2C4H12N+·C2O4 2−·H2O, the two independent cations, the anion and the water molecule all lie on special positions of m site symmetry. In both cations, the mirror plane passes through the nitrogen atom and two methyl groups; in the anion, the mirror plane passes through two carbon and two oxygen atoms. The anions and water molecules interact by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, forming a chain running along the b axis.
Media Scandals Are Political Events

When political scandals erupt in the press, we usually blame misconduct by public officials, but these episodes are political events whose occurrence and severity also depend in part on the political and media context. Using data on U.S. governors, I show that several key factors affect the likelihood and intensity that alleged misconduct will be politicized by the opposition and publicized by the press. First, lower approval ratings, which decrease the cost of politicizing and publicizing an allegation, are generally associated with more frequent and intense media scandals. By contrast, competing news events can crowd potential scandals off the news agenda. However, no evidence is found that opposition control of state political institutions leads to more media scandal. These results suggest that the occurrence of media scandal depends more on circumstance than we typically assume.
Software hazard generation with model checking

The problem of finding hazards associated with software becomes more necessary if not critical as modern systems increasingly rely on software to provide their main functionalities. While verification and validation can help determine whether software behaves correctly according to its specifications and user needs, they cannot guarantee that software will not lead to system hazards particularly when it interacts with the environments unanticipated by the software designer. Most existing hazard identification techniques require laborious and time-consuming analysis that often either ignores detailed software properties or does not specifically address software-related hazards. This paper presents an approach that facilitates a semi-automated hazard identification of computer-based systems by a novel application of model checking, a technique traditionally used for automated software verification. Our work is in a preliminary stage. The paper describes the approach and illustrates its use to identify hazardous conditions that could lead to violation of system safety.
Use of accelerometer data in prediction equations for capturing implausible dietary intakes in adolescents.

BACKGROUND Reporting errors have been quantified in epidemiologic studies by comparing reported intakes with predicted energy requirements (pERs). Several studies lacking measures of physical activity level (PAL) assigned low-active levels to obtain pERs. OBJECTIVE We applied objective physical activity measures to current methods to quantify dietary reporting errors and compared associations with anthropometric and dietary variables among plausible and implausible reporters. DESIGN This study included 2868 adolescents with an average age of 13 y. Three-day dietary records, accelerometers, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were used to assess diet, activity, and body composition, respectively. Three variations of physical activity coefficients were used: 1) assigning low physical activity coefficients (PA(low)), 2) calculating PAL values (PA(PAL)), and 3) applying minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA(MVPA)). RESULTS Of the total participants, 51.5%, 51.8%, and 37.1% of the PA(low), PA(PAL), and PA(MVPA) groups, respectively, were classified as underreporters, and 40.8%, 37.9%, and 42.4% of the respective groups were classified as plausible reporters. Underreporters had a higher body mass index, body fat, and waist circumference than did plausible reporters (P < 0.001 for all). Overreporters had a lower weight and body fat than did plausible reporters (P < 0.001 for all). Underreporters reported lower dairy and calcium intakes than did plausible reporters; the results were attenuated with adjustment for total energy. CONCLUSION Accounting for objective physical activity measures to quantify reporting errors resulted in different and potentially more reasonable proportions of implausible reporters.
Short-term forecast of stock price of multi-branch LSTM based on K-means

In order to improve the short-term forecast accuracy of the stock, this paper first uses the time window to divide the stock price sequence data in a period of time into a number of equal sub-sequences. The K-means algorithm is used to cluster the stock price sub-sequences. Then according to the number of clusters, The same number of long short-term memory(LSTM) neural network models are constructed with the clustering results used to train the corresponding LSTM model and a multi-branch LSTM stock price short-term forecasting model is constructed. When the stock price of one day is predicted, the distances between the stock price sequence of the neighboring days and the centers of the K-means cluster are calculated, and then the stock price sequence of the neighboring days is inputted into the LSTM forecasting model corresponding to the shortest distance clustering center to predict the stock price. The experimental results show that the proposed model has higher prediction accuracy than the BP neural network prediction model and the single LSTM neural network prediction model, which is based on the actual closing price of one stock.
Asymmetrical multilevel inverter topology with reduced power semiconductor devices

In this paper, a new single-phase asymmetrical multilevel inverter topology is proposed. The topology is capable of producing n-level output voltage with reduced device counts. It is achieved by arranging available switches and dc sources to obtain maximum combinations of addition and subtraction of the input dc sources. To verify the viability of the proposed topology, circuit models for nine-level, 25-level and 67-level inverter are developed and simulated in Matlab-Simulink software. Experimental results of the proposed nine-level inverter prototype, developed in the laboratory, are presented. A low frequency switching strategy for nine-level inverter is also presented in this work. Comparison between the existing multilevel topologies shows that the proposed circuit requires less number of power switches and dc sources to produce the same number of output level.
Transnational Exchange and the Need for Turkey’s EU Membership: Predicting Turkey’s Accession to the European Union in Terms of Historical Institutionalism [article]

Although Turkey’s candidacy for European Union (EU) membership was recognized by the Helsinki Council in 1999, it remains uncertain whet her the member states will actually agree to Turkish accession in the future. This article as ses es the probability of Turkey’s EU membership. Academics have mostly tried to explain previous EU enlargements by using liberal intergovernmentalist or constructivist appr oaches. Many of these explanations had their shortcomings. This is why here the assessment of the probability of Turkish EU accession is conducted in terms of historical insti tutionalism which combines aspects of both approaches. It is assumed that support for accessio n is caused by the Commission’s influence on national preferences under the condition of tran sn tional exchange. The historical institutionalist assessment evaluates both the exis tence of cross-border interactions in the economic, cultural and personal areas and Turkey’s democratization process. It predicts that Turkish membership is likely to happen. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION
Models of models: filtering and bias rings in depiction of knowledge structures and their implications for design

Mental models are poorly specified in three ways: in their defining criteria, their source and the bias to which they have been subjected. Literature from psychology, HCI and human factors sources was reviewed to determine the utility of ‘mental models’ as a design tool. The definitions and theories offered by key contributors to the notion of mental models were compared. Schematics, representing both the knowledge structures proposed in cognitive processing, as well as the layers of bias evident when forming or accessing mental models, were constructed. Fundamental similarities and differences in the use of this notion, as well as ambiguities in definition, were highlighted graphically. The need for specificity in the use of mental models was emphasised as essential for pragmatic application in design. The use of graphical comparison was proposed as a means of identifying the risk of bias and a means to categorise approaches to mental model research. Practitioner Summary: Mental models are considered significant in user centred design. To apply this notion pragmatically, its definition and methods of construction and access need to be sufficiently specified. This article offers a graphical method to compare existing research in mental models, highlighting similarities, differences and ambiguities.
Application of quality-by-design approach to optimize diallyl disulfide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles

Abstract The current work was carried out by the principles of quality-by-design approach to develop an optimized solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) formulation of diallyl disulfide (DADS) through systematic statistical study. And its antitumor activity of DADS was also evaluated on breast cancer cell lines. To understand the effect of formulation variables (critical parameters) on the responses (critical quality attributes) of SLN, a 3-factor, 3-level Box–Behnken design, was explored to predict the responses such as particle size (Y1) and % entrapment efficiency (EE) (Y2) when concentration of surfactant (X1), amount of lipid (X2), and volume of solvent (X3) were selected as independent variables. Particle size analysis revealed that all the batches were within the nanometer range. DADS was released from the SLN much more rapidly at pH 4.5 than at pH 7.4, which is a desirable characteristic for tumor-targeted drug delivery. The cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), determination revealed that the antitumor activity of DADS is enhanced with SLN compared to DADS-free drug, and apoptosis is the mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity. The present study indicated the remarkable potential of DADS-SLN in enhancing the anticancer effect of DADS in breast cancer cells in vitro.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Adinazolam and N‐Desmethyladinazolam after Oral and Intravenous Dosing in Healthy Young and Elderly Volunteers

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of adinazolam and N-desmethyladinazolam were studied in 18 young subjects, from 21 to 36 years of age, and 18 elderly subjects, ranging in age from 65 to 76 years. Nine men and 9 women per age group were studied in a randomized three-way crossover design. Single doses of one 30-mg adinazolam mesylate sustained release tablet, one 30-mg immediate release tablet, and 15 mg of intravenous adinazolam mesylate were administered. Plasma adinazolam and N-desmethyladinazolam were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and psychomotor performance tests, including digit-symbol substitution and two card-sorting tasks, were performed. An effect index, defined as the maximal performance decrement divided by N-desmethyladinazolam maximum plasma concentration was calculated as a measure of sensitivity to these effects. Adinazolam oral and systemic clearances were reduced approximately 30% and 25%, respectively, in elderly volunteers. Adinazolam half-life was prolonged approximately 40% in the elderly after oral dosing. N-Desmethyladinazolam plasma concentrations and half-life were increased approximately 40% in elderly volunteers. Psychomotor performance decrements were observed following all treatments; decrements were lowest following sustained release tablets and intravenous adinazolam. Maximal performance decrements in elderly subjects were approximately twice those observed in young subjects. No significant influence of age on the effect index for digit-symbol substitution was evident. Effect indices for card-sorting tests were significantly higher in the elderly. Lower clearances of adinazolam and N-desmethyladinazolam are observed in elderly volunteers, and increased N-desmethyladinazolam levels contribute to increased psychomotor performance decrements in elderly subjects. Results also suggest that elderly subjects may be more sensitive to certain cognitive effects of N-desmethyladinazolam.
Inhibition of glucocorticoid‐mediated, caspase‐independent dendritic cell death by CD40 activation

Glucocorticoids (GC) are potent anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents that act on a variety of immune cells, including T cells, monocytes/macrophages, osteoclasts, and dendritic cells (DC). However, the mechanism(s) by which GC exert anti‐inflammatory effects is still largely unknown. It is already well known that GC treatment inhibits DC maturation and interleukin (IL)‐12 production by DC. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis induction of DC by a synthetic GC, dexamethasone (Dex). The stimulation with Dex resulted in DC apoptosis in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner as it was measured by determining annexin V‐positive cells and mitochondrial potential. In contrast, monocytes that are precursor cells of DC are resistant to Dex‐mediated apoptosis. The Dex‐induced apoptosis of DC was independent of caspase activation because it was not inhibited by the broad caspase inhibitor, Z‐VAD‐fmk. It is interesting that agonistic CD40 antibody completely inhibited Dex‐induced cell death, whereas other inflammatory stimuli did not show the same effect, suggesting that CD40 signaling may selectively modulate GC‐mediated DC apoptosis. Taken together, our findings revealed an important role of GC and CD40 signaling in the regulation of immune responses in which DC play a key role in the inflammatory process of various immunomediated diseases.
Analysis on the evolution and innovation of online game industry using meta-frontier analysis

The game industry has made great progress in the recent decade, and recently other layers in the information and communication technology ecosystem affect the innovation and evolution of the game industry with the emergence of the Internet and online games. This paper estimates the changes in efficiency by data envelopment analysis and meta-frontier analysis in order to investigate how the online game industry evolves. As a result, there were enterprises that lifted up the production function of the game industry by innovation when the external factors such as diffusion of the broadband Internet network and mobile Internet environment affected the game industry. The result implies that the steady increment of meta-frontier efficiency means that the industry is growing by innovation or imitation, or both.
Three new flavans in dragon's blood from Daemonorops draco

Three new flavans were isolated from chloroform extracts of dragon's blood from Daemonorops draco, together with eight known compounds. The structures of the new flavans were determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. These compounds are the first examples of 2-methoxyflavans from D. draco and regarded as derivatives of biogenetic intermediates from flavans to chalcones, which are characteristic of the dragon's blood.
Acceptance and usage of social media as a platform among student entrepreneurs

Purpose While it is perceived that adoption reflects acceptance, the purpose of this paper is to argue that individual usage is critical and cannot be guaranteed by mere adoption. This study, therefore, focuses on the factors (i.e. performance expectancy, perceived trust, perceived risk, facilitating condition, and perceived enjoyment) contributing to the adoption and ultimately usage of social media as a business platform among student entrepreneurs in Malaysia under the premise of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a cross-sectional design and quantitative data are collected from 300 selected respondents listed as student entrepreneurs in the entrepreneurship centers of all public universities within Peninsular Malaysia. Findings Performance expectancy, perceived risk, perceived trust, and perceived enjoyment have a significant effect on the adoption of social media leading to its usage as a business platform. Findings also report a significant mediating effect of adoption of social media on the relationship between performance expectancy, perceived trust, perceived risk, and perceived enjoyment with the depth of social media usage. Research limitations/implications In order to promote entrepreneurial activities among student entrepreneurs using social media as a business platform, programs and policies should focus on improving cyber security and value-added services. Originality/value This study puts forward and tests the original UTAUT model to assess the adoption and depth of social media usage as a business platform among young student entrepreneurs in Peninsular Malaysia, which provides a foundation for the design and implementation of programs and policies that promote entrepreneurial activities using social media among student entrepreneurs in Malaysia.
View-time based moving obstacle avoidance using stochastic prediction of obstacle motion

This paper proposes a new motion planning method of a mobile robot avoiding moving obstacles. To avoid moving obstacles, the trajectories of the obstacles are predicted using a stochastic model of obstacle motion. The obstacle motion is modeled as a random walk process. The method plans robot motion by the unit of view-time and view-period. View-time is defined as the time instant at which the robot senses the obstacle position and velocity. View-period is defined as the time interval during which the robot performs sensing, predicting and planning for collision-free motion. From the position and velocity at a view-time, we predict the future position of the obstacle. The random walk process model of obstacle motion is used to calculate the probability density that the predicted position is reached during the view-period. From the probability density function of the predicted position, the probability that a position can be swept by the obstacle during the view-period is calculated. Then artificial potential is assigned at every position by considering the probability. The force induced by the artificial potential field repels the robot away from the probable obstacle trajectory. This method is a look ahead scheme, and effective for moving obstacle avoidance. This method is applied to collision-free motion planning for a mobile robot in a dynamic and unknown environment with several moving and stationary obstacles.
Two-way communication between scientists and the public: a view from science communication trainers in North America

ABSTRACT The current study explores the degree to which two-way communication is applied in science communication contexts in North America, based on the experiences of science communication trainers. Interviews with 24 science communication trainers suggest that scientists rarely focus on applying two-way communication tactics, such as listening to their audiences or tailoring messages based on their audiences’ needs. Also, although trainers generally recognize the value of two-way communication, it is seldom addressed in science communication trainings. The importance of two-way communication in fostering interactive dialogical communication between scientists and the public, and thus the importance of emphasizing it more during science communication training, is discussed.
Impaired muscle regeneration and myoblast differentiation in mice with a muscle‐specific KO of IGF‐IR

IGF‐I and its receptor IGF‐IR are seen as critical effectors of muscle hypertrophy, a notion recently questioned. Using MKR transgenic mice that express a dominant negative IGF‐IR only in skeletal muscle, we have examined the role of the IGF‐IR signaling in differentiation and repair of muscle fibers after damage‐induced muscle regeneration. This process is impaired in MKR muscle, with incomplete regeneration, persistence of infiltrating cells and sustained expression of differentiation markers. Analysis of MKR and WT muscle‐derived progenitor stem cells and myoblasts showed twice as many such cells in MKR muscle and an incomplete in vitro differentiation, that is, despite similar levels of myogenin expression, the level of fusion of MKR myoblasts was significantly reduced in comparison to WT myoblasts. These data show IGF‐IR signaling is not only required at early hyperplasia stages of muscle differentiation, but also for late stages of myofiber maturation and hypertrophy. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 1–6, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pemodelan Pengukuran Luas Panen Padi Nasional Menggunakan Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic Model (GARCH)

This study was aimed to build a model for the estimation of national harvested area of rice by incorporating element of variant heterogeneity and the influence of asymmetry factors on time series data using five types of GARCH models, namely: symmetric GARCH, exponential asymmetric GARCH, quadratic asymmetric GARCH, Threshold GARCH, and non-linear asymmetric GARCH. Those models were compared and evaluated, and then the best model was used to predict the accuracy of the national rice harvested area. The results showed that two types of GARCH had significant coefficient, indicating the validity of the model. Those models were symmetric GARCH and quadratic GARCH models. Based on the value of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the twelve month periods ahead, quadratic GARCH model was better than the symmetric GARCH model. Furthermore, based on the value of mean absolute deviation (MAD) and mean square error (MSE), quadratic GARCH model also seemed to be a better model than symmetric GARCH model. The best model can be used to predict the harvested area in the subsequent year.
A single‐nucleotide polymorphism in tumor suppressor gene SEL1L as a predictive and prognostic marker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in Caucasians

SEL1L is a putative tumor suppressor gene that is frequently down‐regulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). A single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12435998 in intron3 of SEL1L has previously been reported to be associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease. We hypothesized that this SNP may influence clinical outcomes of patients with PDA. We analyzed DNA samples from 497 Caucasian patients with pathologically confirmed primary PDA. Of these, 98 had been enrolled in a clinical trial of neoadjuvant chemo‐radiotherapy and 77 of the 98 had subsequently undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We performed Kaplan–Meier analysis to evaluate the correlation between different SNP genotypes and age at diagnosis, survival time after diagnosis, and survival time after PD. In nonsmokers, we found a significant difference in median age at diagnosis between variant genotypes (AG/GG) carriers and wild‐type genotype (AA) carriers (58 vs. 62 yr; log‐rank test, P = 0.017). Patients with variant genotypes also showed an increased hazard ratio (HR) of 1.45 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.97] relative to wild‐type genotype. Among the patients in the clinical trial, the variant genotypes carriers had a median post‐PD survival time that was 34.7 months shorter than wild‐type genotype carriers (log‐rank test, P = 0.019; HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.09–3.34). Our results suggest that the rs12435998 SNP in SEL1L gene plays a role in modifying age at diagnosis of PDA in Caucasian nonsmokers. In addition, this SNP may serve as a prognostic marker in PDA patients who undergo the same or similar treatment as the clinical trials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.