Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pleistocene Impacts on the Phylogeography of the Desert Pocket Mouse (Chaetodipus penicillatus)

Abstract The desert pocket mouse (Chaetodipus penicillatus) comprises 6 nominate subspecies that occupy warm, sandy desert-scrub habitats across the Mojave and Sonoran deserts. The most thorough morphological assessment within the species noted variable levels of distinctiveness, leading to uncertainty regarding the geographic distributions of subspecies. Subsequent genetic assessments using chromosomal, allozymic, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data detected a general east–west divergence centered on the Colorado River, but few locations were included in these assessments. We investigated phylogeographic structure in C. penicillatus by sequencing regions of mtDNA for 220 individuals from 51 locations representing all continental subspecies. We identify 2 major monophyletic mtDNA lineages (clades) roughly centered in the Mojave and Sonoran deserts. These clades broadly overlap along the Lower Colorado River valley and adjacent desert regions across most of the range of C. p. penicillatus. Outside this zone of mtDNA clade overlap, Sonoran clade haplotypes occur in populations from across the range of C. p. pricei and extend to the northwestern edge of the Sonoran Desert within the southern range of C. p. angustirostris. Northern clade haplotypes occur in populations within the ranges of C. p. sobrinus and C. p. stephensi and in populations from the western Mojave Desert in the northern range of C. p. angustirostris. Based on rough estimates for rates of sequence evolution, divergence among the major clades appears to have occurred during the Pleistocene, but well before the latest glacial maximum. The secondary contact among the major clades appears to have some longevity, with little evidence of recent, postglacial range expansion. We develop ecological niche models (EMNs) for the major lineages of C. penicillatus, and project these models onto reconstructions of climatic conditions during the latest glacial maximum (LGM; 18,000–21,000 years ago). The ENMs for each clade indicate differences in predicted current geographic distributions as well as distributions during the LGM. Models for the LGM indicate broad retention of potential habitat within the area of contact among the major clades. Furthermore, the ENM for the Mojave clade in particular indicates retention of suitable habitat during the LGM in small isolated patches within northern areas, consistent with the haplotype network that supports the perspective that some populations from the Mojave clade were isolated within northern refugia during the last glacial period.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SILICON DIAPHRAGM OF A MEMS PRESSURE SENSOR

Pressure measurements in industries, biomedical and marine environment are of utmost importance to better understand the process stability, ocean processes. The influence of in-plane stresses of silicon plate with square, rectangular and circular shape have been investigated. The area of square, rectangular and circular form of elastic element has been approximated to be equal and the thickness is about 1μm. It was shown, that in-plane stresses can have a great influence on plate deflection and stresses distributions that should be taken into account at designing of piezoresistive pressure sensors. Finite element method (FEM) is adopted to optimize the sensor parameters, such as the membrane shape the deflection and stress caused by the different elastic membrane was analyzed to achieve higher sensitivity, larger full scale span and linearity.
Estimación del impacto de los fondos europeos en Andalucía a través de modelos de equilibrio general, 2000-2020

El presente trabajo de investigacion, llevado a cabo para la obtencion del grado de doctor, tiene como objetivo analizar la repercusion de los Fondos Europeos en la economia andaluza en los diferentes periodos de programacion de la politica regional comunitaria, a traves de la metodologia de las Matrices de Contabilidad Social (MSC) y los modelos de equilibrio general aplicado (MEGA). El trabajo consta de cuatro capitulos, que pasamos a resumir a continuacion: En el primer capitulo analizamos la estructura de la economia andaluza para el ano 2005, utilizando para ello la metodologia de Matriz de Contabilidad Social aplicada a un modelo lineal a traves del analisis de multiplicadores. Los resultados identificaran los sectores productivos mas importantes de Andalucia, realizando una descomposicion de multiplicadores contables en sus tres efectos (directo, indirecto e inducido), y analizando la importancia de la region en terminos de empleo. A partir de ahora y tras realizar un analisis estructural de la economia andaluza, nos centramos en el objeto de analisis de este trabajo: los Fondos Europeos en Andalucia. Con este objetivo, en el segundo capitulo realizaremos un analisis que permitira conocer el impacto economico de los Fondos europeos recibidos por la Comunidad Autonoma de Andalucia durante el periodo 2000 - 2006. Para ello, se utilizara la Matriz de Contabilidad Social del ano 2005 y un modelo de multiplicadores lineales. Con este modelo se identificaran los sectores que mas beneficiados se ven por las transferencias de estos Fondos, es decir, como las inyecciones exogenas de renta procedentes de la financiacion comunitaria logran un impacto en las cuentas denominadas endogenas en la economia andaluza. Siguiendo los periodos de programacion de la politica regional comunitaria, en el capitulo tres, nos centramos en el analisis del impacto economico de los Fondos Europeos recibidos por la Comunidad Autonoma de Andalucia en el septenio 2007-2013, para tratar de evaluar la incidencia de las ayudas sobre esta economia. Con este objetivo, presentamos un MEGA de corte estatico, que evaluara, en diferentes escenarios de simulacion, los efectos sobre los principales indicadores economicos. Por ultimo, una vez analizado el septenio actual y el inmediatamente anterior, pasamos a realizar una prevision a largo plazo, de como los Fondos Europeos repercutiran en la economia andaluza tras la previsible retirada de una gran cuantia de fondos estructurales procedentes de la politica regional comunitaria, durante el Marco Comunitario de Apoyo 2014 ? 2020 a traves de un MEGA Dinamico que evaluara los efectos sobre los principales indicadores economicos de la eliminacion de dicha financiacion, planteando diferentes escenarios de retirada, una vez que Andalucia deja de ser considerada como Objetivo 1 dentro de la Politica Regional Europea.
Live cell fluorescence microscopy to study microbial pathogenesis

Advances in microscopy and fluorescent probes provide new insight into the nanometer‐scale biochemistry governing the interactions between eukaryotic cells and pathogens. When combined with mathematical modelling, these new technologies hold the promise of qualitative, quantitative and predictive descriptions of these pathways. Using the light microscope to study the spatial and temporal relationships between pathogens, host cells and their respective biochemical machinery requires an appreciation for how fluorescent probes and imaging devices function. This review summarizes how live cell fluorescence microscopy with common instruments can provide quantitative insight into the cellular and molecular functions of hosts and pathogens.
Consumer Acceptance of Trustworthy E-Commerce: An Extension of Technology Acceptance Model

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) on Trustworthy E-commerce (TE) with Perceived Usefulness (PU) as mediation variable for users of Booking.com service. The type of study includes the causal research. Based on the level of explanation, this study explains the position of the variables studied and the influence of one variable with other variables. The present study uses non-probability sampling. The sample is determined using the purposive sampling technique that placed the individual according to specific characteristics. The number of samples in this study that fit the criteria is 105 respondents. Data collection using questionnaires with 5-points Likert Scale. This study used path analysis that supported by SPSS version 19.0 and LISREL version 9.2. The results of the study found a direct influence of Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) on Trustworthy (TE) is a higher value than the direct influence of Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) on Perceived Usefulness (PU). Furthermore, Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) of Trustworthy (TE) mediated by Perceived Usefulness (PU) is lower than the direct influence of Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) on Trustworthy (TE). Indonesian consumer perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness to adopt mobile technology, which is an enormous potential for increasing traffic on travel agent services sites such as booking.com. Technology has become a part of daily life of consumers who are equipped with various digital innovations from e-commerce companies that provide services. Thus requires a new way of interaction that is built on trust and transparency of information. Consumers are not only users of products and services, but they have the role of providing information, reviews, and ratings to products and services offered by e-commerce companies.
S A Survey on Software Security Testing Techniques

This article briefs a survey on software security techniques. Software security testing is not the identical as testing the correctness and competence of security functions implemented by software, which are most frequently verified through requirements-based testing. These tests are important; they expose only a small piece of the depiction needed to verify the security of the software. Security testing is necessary because it has a distinct relationship with software quality. Software meets quality requirements related to functionality and performance, it does not necessary mean that the software is
Self-Phase-Referenced Spectro-Interferometry on the Keck Interferometer

As part of the astrometric and phase-referenced astronomy (ASTRA) project, three new science modes are being developed for the Keck Interferometer that extend the science capabilities of this instrument to include higher spectral resolution, fainter magnitudes, and astrometry. We report on the successful implementation of the first of these science modes, the self-phase-referencing mode, which provides a K-band (λ = 2.2 μm) spectral resolution of R ∼ 1000 on targets as faint as 7.8 mag with spatial resolution as fine as λ/B = 5 mas in the K band, with the 85 m interferometer baseline. This level of spectral resolution would not have been possible without a phase-referencing implementation extending the integration time limit imposed by atmospheric turbulence. For narrow spectral features, we demonstrate a precision of ± 0.01 on the differential V2(λ), and ± 1.7 mrad on the differential phase Φ(λ), equivalent to a differential astrometry precision of ± 1.45 μas. This new Keck Interferometer instrument is typically used to study the geometry and location of narrow spectral features at high angular resolution, referenced to a continuum. By simultaneously providing spectral and spatial information, the geometry of velocity fields (e.g., rotating disks, inflows, outflows, etc.) larger than 150 km s-1 can also be explored.
Archiving the Present and Chronicling for the Future in Early Modern Europe

From the late Middle Ages until well into the nineteenth century, a remarkable number of middle-class men across Europe were chronicling current events in their communities and beyond, thus creating a hybrid type of noninstitutional archive that was both local and personal. Such texts were rarely printed in the lifetimes of their authors, but they circulated in the localities and were frequently read and continued by others. Some places had a particularly strong chronicling tradition: cities such as Augsburg and Nuremberg in Germany, Bristol and Norwich in England, Valencia and Barcelona in Spain, Den Bosch and Mechelen in Brabant, or Le Puy-en-Velay and Metz in France had chroniclers in successive generations. Although chronicles did, of course, change over time, the type of information chroniclers selected for inclusion in their texts remained fairly stable, thus enabling us to study the genre across many centuries. Although thousands of early modern chronicles have survived, scholars have so far devoted surprisingly little systematic attention to the post-medieval afterlife of this genre of non-institutional local record-keeping. While medieval chronicles have, of course, been quite well studied as a genre, students of early modern historiography have long been rather dismissive of chronicles as a distinctly old-fashioned and uninteresting type of text.
Strength training increases insulin action in healthy 50- to 65-yr-old men.

The insulin resistance associated with aging may be due, in part, to reduced levels of physical activity in the elderly. We hypothesized that strength training increases insulin action in older individuals. To test this hypothesis, 11 healthy men 50-63 yr old [mean 58 +/- 1 (SE) yr] underwent a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic glucose clamp with concurrent indirect calorimetry and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after 16 wk of strength training. The training program increased overall strength by 47% (P < 0.001). Fat-free mass (FFM; measured by hydrodensitometry) increased (62.4 +/- 2.1 vs. 63.6 +/- 2.1 kg; P < 0.05) and body fat decreased (27.2 +/- 1.8 vs. 25.6 +/- 1.9%; P < 0.001) with training. Fasting plasma glucose levels and glucose levels during the OGTT were not significantly lower after training. In contrast, fasting plasma insulin levels decreased (85 +/- 25 vs. 55 +/- 10 pmol/l; P < 0.05) and insulin levels decreased (P < 0.05, analysis of variance) during the OGTT. Glucose infusion rates during the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic glucose clamp increased 24% (13.5 +/- 1.7 vs. 16.7 +/- 2.2 mumol.kg FFM-1.min-1; P < 0.05) during the low (20 mU.m-2.min-1) insulin infusion and increased 22% (55.7 +/- 3.3 vs. 67.7 +/- 3.9 mumol.kg FFM-1.min-1; P < 0.05) during the high (100 mU.m-2.min-1) insulin infusion. These increases were accompanied by a 40% increase (n = 7; P < 0.08) in nonoxidative glucose metabolism during the high insulin infusion. These results demonstrate that strength training increases insulin action and lowers plasma insulin levels in middle-aged and older men.
Bounded curvature closure of the set of compact Riemannian manifolds

In this note we consider the set of metric spaces which are the limits with respect to Lipschitz distance dL of compact connected C°°-Riemannian manifolds of curvature uniformly bounded above and below. We call this set "bounded curvature closure" (BCC). It is well known that the limit spaces need not be C-Riemannian manifolds [P, Example 1.8]. Hence, the problem arising is to give a geometrical description of the BCC. We solve this problem with the help of the theory of metric spaces of bounded curvature which A. D. Aleksandrov introduced more than 30 years ago [A] to construct the synthetic generalization of Riemannian geometry. Our principal result (Closure Theorem) states that the BCC consists of all compact Aleksandrov's spaces of bounded curvature. A consideration of the BCC is definitely of independent interest, but due to Gromov's compactness theorem it has proved to be useful to consider the BCC in connection with different problems of Riemannian geometry. Now we are going to formulate the compactness theorem and explain the ways of its applications. First let us give necessary definitions. Let {Jtx , px)9 (J? 2 ' Pi) b e m e t r i c spaces with metrics p{ and p2, ƒ: (^#j, px) —• (yk2, p2) a Lipschitz map. Then
An assessment of aerosol-cloud interactions in marine stratus clouds based on surface remote sensing

[1] An assessment of aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI) from ground-based remote sensing under coastal stratiform clouds is presented. The assessment utilizes a long-term, high temporal resolution data set from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program deployment at Pt. Reyes, California, United States, in 2005 to provide statistically robust measures of ACI and to characterize the variability of the measures based on variability in environmental conditions and observational approaches. The average ACIN (= dlnNd/dlnα, the change in cloud drop number concentration with aerosol concentration) is 0.48, within a physically plausible range of 0–1.0. Values vary between 0.18 and 0.69 with dependence on (1) the assumption of constant cloud liquid water path (LWP), (2) the relative value of cloud LWP, (3) methods for retrieving Nd, (4) aerosol size distribution, (5) updraft velocity, and (6) the scale and resolution of observations. The sensitivity of the local, diurnally averaged radiative forcing to this variability in ACIN values, assuming an aerosol perturbation of 500 cm−3 relative to a background concentration of 100 cm−3, ranges between −4 and −9 W m−2. Further characterization of ACI and its variability is required to reduce uncertainties in global radiative forcing estimates.
Modelling of the transport phenomena for an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet in contact with liquid

The paper presents the results of a modelling study on the transport phenomena for a turbulent atmospheric-pressure plasma jet in contact with liquid. The focus is on the convective flow field in the gas and liquid phases and the transport of plasma generated long-lived hydrophilic species into the liquid. The flow field is studied by solving the Navier–Stokes equations using the finite-element method. The transport of species from the gas into the liquid phase is studied on the example of hydrogen peroxide by solving the convection-diffusion equation. Special attention is given to the implementation of the coupling boundary conditions at the gas–liquid interface. The computations are performed for the interaction of an argon jet with liquid under typical experimental conditions. The modelling results agree well with available experimental data. It is found that the three-dimensional nature of the flow in the liquid might be important in interpreting the experimental data. The model is shown to provide a reliable estimate of the hydrogen peroxide diffusion flux from the gas into the liquid phase.
Prime numbers - a computational perspective (2nd edn), by Richard Crandall and Carl Pomerance. Pp. 597. £42.50 (hbk). 2005. ISBN 0-387-25282-7 (Springer Verlag).

Overall, this book is a valuable, fairly comprehensive introduction and overview of some of the most interesting properties of Fibonacci numbers. Of course, selections had to be made from a vast area of research typified, for example, by the existence since 1963 of a research journal entitled The Fibonacci Quarterly. It is highly recommended for libraries, for high school teachers looking for enrichment, or for an undergraduate course in a mathematics or applied mathematics.
The influence of biomechanical properties and cannabinoids on tumor invasion

ABSTRACT Background: Cannabinoids are known to have an anti-tumorous effect, but the underlying mechanisms are only sparsely understood. Mechanical characteristics of tumor cells represent a promising marker to distinguish between tumor cells and the healthy tissue. We tested the hypothesis whether cannabinoids influence the tumor cell specific mechanical and migratory properties and if these factors are a prognostic marker for the invasiveness of tumor cells. Methods: 3 different glioblastoma cell lines were treated with cannabinoids and changes of mechanical and migratory properties of single cells were measured using atomic force microscopy and time lapse imaging. The invasiveness of cell lines was determined using a co-culture model with organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Results: We found that cannabinoids are capable of influencing migratory and mechanical properties in a cell line specific manner. A network analysis revealed a correlation between a “generalized stiffness” and the invasiveness for all tumor cell lines after 3 and 4 d of invasion time: r3d = −0.88 [−0.52;−0.97]; r4d = −0.90 [−0.59;−0.98]. Conclusions: Here we could show that a “generalized stiffness” is a profound marker for the invasiveness of a tumor cell population in our model and thus might be of high clinical relevance for drug testing. Additionally cannabinoids were shown to be of potential use for therapeutic approaches of glioblastoma.
Enhanced pseudo Zernike moments in face recognition

This paper presents an approach to boost the performance of pseudo Zernike moments in face recognition. This approach is a hybrid of a kernel trick, discriminant function and pseudo Zernike moments (PZM), namely as Kernel-based Fisher Pseudo Zernike Moments (KFPZM). KFPZM maps the moment-based features into a high dimensional feature space via kernel function for disclosing the underlying variables which carry significant information about the image. Then, it performs discriminant analysis onto the mapped features to enhance the discrimination power via Fisher's Linear Discriminant (FLD). Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the sole PZM and the integrated FLD with PZM methods, achieving recognition rate of 98.11% and 93.03% in the face databases with facial expression variations and illumination variations, respectively.
Single-Polarization Waveguiding by Low-Index Strips on the Surface of Chalcogenide Glass Film

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a simple chalcogenide glass (ChG) waveguide structure, which is composed of a low refractive-index strip on the surface of the planar ChG film. Theoretical analysis shows that it supports single quasi-TE mode transmission at 1.55 μm with high third-order nonlinearity and negligible bending loss if the bending radius is higher than 60 μm. Then, the ChG waveguide is fabricated and measured. For the waveguide sample with a ChG film of 180 nm in thickness, the measured attenuation of the quasi-TE mode is 0.4 dB/cm at 1.55 μm. Meanwhile, the extinction ratio between the two polarization modes in the waveguide sample of 10 mm in length is higher than 25 dB over a region of 80 nm at 1.55 μm. For the waveguide sample with similar length and a smaller ChG film thickness (150 nm), the extinction ratio increases to 35 dB. These results demonstrate its property of low-loss single-polarization transmission. It provides a simple way to realize high-quality ChG waveguides, which have great potential on integrated nonlinear optical devices.
Distributed Agreement on Activity Driven Networks

In this paper, we investigate asymptotic properties of a consensus protocol taking place in a class of temporal (i.e., time-varying) networks called the activity driven network. We first show that a standard methodology provides us with an estimate of the convergence rate toward the consensus, in terms of the eigenvalues of a matrix whose computational cost grows exponentially fast in the number of nodes in the network. To overcome this difficulty, we then derive alternative bounds involving the eigenvalues of a matrix that is easy to compute. Our analysis covers the regimes of 1) sparse networks and 2) fast-switching networks. We numerically confirm our theoretical results by numerical simulations.