Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing and Deploying Multihop Wireless Networks for Low-Income Communities

We are architecting and deploying a multi-hop wireless network in one of Houston’s most economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. The objective of this network is to empower under-resourced communities with access to technology and educational and work-at-home tools. Here, we present the societal objectives of the network, describe the joint technical and economic objectives that drive its architecture, and discuss future deployment, performance, and research challenges. I. SOCIETAL OBJECTIVES In many homes across the United States, children, youth, and their families have access to the world’s information-technology resources at their fingertips, while in low-income communities, access to technology and the opportunities it provides are often limited to brief periods of computer use and Internet access at school or at the public library [1]. Technology for All (TFA)1 addresses the disparity of opportunity that exists in our cities’ low-income neighborhoods through the tools of technology. By working with local community-based organizations, corporations, foundations, technology providers and public entities, TFA creates educational, economic and personal opportunities for low-income persons and the communities in which they
Gloss-based word domain assignment

Domain dictionary is very useful in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. This paper proposes a gloss-based word domain assignment algorithm to build domain dictionaries from machine-readable dictionary. Experiments on WordNet2.0 show that 62.53% of the first domain labels can match with the WordNet Domains3.0. Compared with the traditional corpus-based word domain assignment algorithms, this method can effectively use the existing dictionary resource and improve the accuracy of word domain assignment while reducing human efforts on corpus collection.
An inductorless high dynamic range 0.3 − 2.6 GHz receiver CMOS front-end

This paper presents a wideband receiver front-end implemented in 0.13 µm CMOS technology. The front-end consists of a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a quadrature mixer, and a frequency divider. Multi-gated transistors have been used to enable linearity tuning. The circuit employs no inductors and operates from 0.3 − 2.6 GHz with a tunable baseband bandwidth. The front-end achieves conversion voltage gain of 38 dB, 3.6 dB DSB NF, nominal −6.5 dBm IIP3 and +4 dBm when tuned in the high-gain mode. The chip consumes 35 mA from a 1.5 V supply
Scalable optimal countermeasure selection using implicit enumeration on attack countermeasure trees

Constraints such as limited security investment cost precludes a security decision maker from implementing all possible countermeasures in a system. Existing analytical model-based security optimization strategies do not prevail for the following reasons: (i) none of these model-based methods offer a way to find optimal security solution in the absence of probability assignments to the model, (ii) methods scale badly as size of the system to model increases and (iii) some methods suffer as they use attack trees (AT) whose structure does not allow for the inclusion of countermeasures while others translate the non-state-space model (e.g., attack response tree) into a state-space model hence causing state-space explosion. In this paper, we use a novel AT paradigm called attack countermeasure tree (ACT) whose structure takes into account attacks as well as countermeasures (in the form of detection and mitigation events). We use greedy and branch and bound techniques to study several objective functions with goals such as minimizing the number of countermeasures, security investment cost in the ACT and maximizing the benefit from implementing a certain countermeasure set in the ACT under different constraints. We cast each optimization problem into an integer programming problem which also allows us to find optimal solution even in the absence of probability assignments to the model. Our method scales well for large ACTs and we compare its efficiency with other approaches.
Vehicle registration plate recognition system using template matching

Registration plate recognition is widely used in detecting speedy cars, traffic law enforcement and electronic toll collection. The problems associated with registration plate recognition are, plate images have different quality, illumination, view angle, distance, complex background and fonts. To address these problems, image processing tools are used for extracting only the region of interest. Then different luminance and background are removed by changing colored image to grayscale and then in to binary matrix form. Character recognition algorithm is applied on the binary images. All components of image are compared with pre-defined standard template and characters are recognized based on best match. Each matched character is displayed and stored in a log file. This algorithm is tested with vehicle images of different backgrounds and illumination. The camera focus, viewing plane and the distance from the vehicle were varied. The results of experiments are fascinating with good accuracy rate.
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in Santa Cruz, Bolivia: Outbreak Investigation and Antibody Prevalence Study

We report the results of an investigation of a small outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in 2002 in the Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, where the disease had not previously been reported. Two cases were initially reported. The first case was a physician infected with Laguna Negra virus during a weekend visit to his ranch. Four other persons living on the ranch were IgM antibody-positive, two of whom were symptomatic for mild hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. The second case was a migrant sugarcane worker. Although no sample remained to determine the specific infecting hantavirus, a virus 90% homologous with Río Mamoré virus was previously found in small-eared pygmy rice rats (Oligoryzomys microtis) trapped in the area. An antibody prevalence study conducted in the region as part of the outbreak investigation showed 45 (9.1%) of 494 persons to be IgG positive, illustrating that hantavirus infection is common in Santa Cruz Department. Precipitation in the months preceding the outbreak was particularly heavy in comparison to other years, suggesting a possible climatic or ecological influence on rodent populations and risk of hantavirus transmission to humans. Hantavirus infection appears to be common in the Santa Cruz Department, but more comprehensive surveillance and field studies are needed to fully understand the epidemiology and risk to humans.
Consistency in the Analytic Hierarchy Process: a New Approach

In this paper, we present a statistical criterion for accepting/rejecting the pairwise reciprocal comparison matrices in the analytic hierarchy process. We have studied the consistency in random matrices of different sizes. We do not agree with the traditional criterion of accepting matrices due to their inflexibility and because it is too restrictive when the size of the matrix increases. Our system is capable of adapting the acceptance requirements to different scopes and consistency necessities. The advantages of our consistency system are the introduction of adaptability in the acceptance criterion and the simplicity of the index we have used, the eigenvalue (λmax) and the simplicity of the criterion.
Locally Compact Quantum Groups. A von Neumann Algebra Approach

In this paper, we give an alternative approach to the theory of locally compact quantum groups, as developed by Kustermans and Vaes. We start with a von Neumann algebra and a comultiplication on this von Neumann algebra. We assume that there exist faithful left and right Haar weights. Then we develop the theory within this von Neumann algebra setting. In (Math. Scand. 92 (2003), 68{92) locally compact quantum groups are also studied in the von Neumann algebraic context. This approach is independent of the original C -algebraic approach in the sense that the earlier results are not used. However, this paper is not really independent because for many proofs, the reader is referred to the original paper where the C -version is developed. In this paper, we give a completely self-contained approach. Moreover, at various points, we do things differently. We have a different treatment of the antipode. It is similar to the original treatment in (Ann. Sci. Ecole Norm. Sup. (4) 33 (2000), 837{934). But together with the fact that we work in the von Neumann algebra framework, it allows us to use an idea from (Rev. Roumaine Math. Pures Appl. 21 (1976), 1411{1449) to obtain the uniqueness of the Haar weights in an early stage. We take advantage of this fact when deriving the other main results in the theory. We also give a slightly different approach to duality. Finally, we collect, in a systematic way, several important formulas. In an appendix, we indicate very briefly how the C -approach and the von Neumann algebra approach eventually yield the same objects. The passage from the von Neumann algebra setting to the C -algebra setting is more or less standard. For the other direction, we use a new method. It is based on the observation that the Haar weights on the C -algebra extend to weights on the double dual with central support and that all these supports are the same. Of course, we get the von Neumann algebra by cutting down the double dual with this unique support projection in the center. All together, we see that there are many advantages when we develop the theory of locally compact quantum groups in the von Neumann algebra framework, rather than in the C -algebra framework. It is not only simpler, the theory of weights on von Neumann algebras is better known and one needs very little to go from the C -algebras to the von Neumann algebras. Moreover, in many cases when constructing examples, the von Neumann algebra with the coproduct is constructed from the very beginning and the Haar weights are constructed as weights on this von Neumann algebra (using left Hilbert algebra theory). This paper is written in a concise way. In many cases, only indications for the proofs of the results are given. This information should be enough to see that these results are correct. We will give more details in forthcoming paper, which will be expository, aimed at non-specialists. See also (Bull. Kerala Math. Assoc. (2005), 153{177) for an 'expanded' version of the appendix.
Counterfactual thinking and ascriptions of cause and preventability.

Research suggests that counterfactuals (i.e., thoughts of how things might have been different) play an important role in determining the perceived cause of a target outcome. Results from 3 scenario studies indicate that counterfactual content overlapped primarily with thoughts of how an outcome might have been prevented (preventability ascriptions) rather than with thoughts of how it might have been caused (causal ascriptions). Counterfactuals and preventability ascriptions focused mainly on controllable antecedents, whereas causal ascriptions focused mainly on antecedents that covaried with the target outcome over a focal set of instances. Contrary to current theorizing, causal ascriptions were unrelated to counterfactual content (Study 3). Results indicate that the primary criterion used to recruit causal ascriptions (covariation) differs from that used to recruit counterfactuals (controllability).
Application of Wavelet Networks for Identification of Transients in Optical Networks

The analysis of fast power transient signals in optical networks is critical for the support of the network operational regime. We propose a novel method that permits the detection and classification of the fast power transients using the wavelet network (WN), combining the properties of a wavelet transform (WT) and an artificial neural networks (ANN). The transients are described qualitatively by means of WT method. Their behavior can be then analyzed using ANN model. The examples of the method implementation are presented
Interactive Multi‐perspective Imagery from Photos and Videos

Photographs usually show a scene from a single perspective. However, as commonly seen in art, scenes and objects can be visualized from multiple perspectives. Making such images manually is time consuming and tedious. We propose a novel system for designing multi‐perspective images and videos. First, the images in the input sequence are aligned using structure from motion. This enables us to track feature points across the sequence. Second, the user chooses portal polygons in a target image into which different perspectives are to be embedded. The corresponding image regions from the other images are then copied into these portals. Due to the tracking feature and automatic warping, this approach is considerably faster than current tools. We explore a wide range of artistic applications using our system with image and video data, such as looking around corners and up and down stair cases, recursive multi‐perspective imaging, cubism and panoramas.
The role of social ties in the school decision making processes at the end of compulsory schooling in England

This thesis considers the role of parents, teachers and peers in the school decision making processes of children at the end of compulsory education in England. This stage represents, in fact, the first and most important school transition when pupils will have to choose whether to enter post-secondary education or not, and in cases where they do, whether to choose an academic course or a vocational one, knowing that this will affect their next transition at the age of 18. This thesis is amongst the ones to most fully analyse the role of significant others in children’s education.All the quantitative analyses in this thesis are done using the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE). Most of the statistical modelling of this data is done using multivariate regression analysis. Some of the results are also based on evidence from qualitative interviews with children in their last year of GCSEs in two comprehensive schools in England and children attending an apprenticeship scheme in the London area.With regards to educational aspirations, minority students are those who show the highest and most stable aspirations during years 9 to 11, while White English working class students, especially boys, have lower and unstable aspirations. Among the explanatory factors for these results, along with social class and ethnicity, parental aspirations, friends’ plans and individual attitude to education have the strongest correlation with the intentions to stay on in school after year 11. Moreover, parental aspirations did not appear to differ with regards to social class, suggesting a different mechanism than the one indicated by Breen and Goldthorpe (BG peers are, in fact, perceived as someone to share plans and common interests with, but not as well-informed and trustworthy sources such as family. Moreover, interviews suggest that school choices are not the results of long-term plans, and children treat school transitions as separate stages. This does not support Morgan’s model of prefigurative and preparatory commitment.
Cryptanalysis of correlation-based watermarking schemes using single watermarked copy

Most of the existing digital watermarking techniques are based on correlation between "some information stored in the watermarked copy" and "related information retrieved from attacked watermarked copy". We show how to remove this correlation to mount a ciphertext-only cryptanalytic attack on these watermarking schemes. The attack needs only a single watermarked copy of the image. Our work clearly raises question on the basic watermarking paradigm based on correlation measures.
Swarm Engineering for Agent-Based Economics

T heHamiltonian Method of Swarm De- sign is applied to the design of an agent based eco- nomic system. The method allows the design of a sys- tem from the global behaviors to the agent behaviors, with a guarantee that once certain derived agent-level conditions are satisfied, the system behavior becomes the desired behavior. Conditions which must be sat- isfied by consumer agents in order to bring forth the "invisible hand of the market" (18) are derived and demonstrated in simulation. A discussion of how this method might be extended to other economic systems and non-economic systems is presented. nian Method of Swarm Design (HMOSD)(6). This method is a principalled approach to swarm design con- sisting of two main phases. In the first phase, the global goal(s) is(are) written in terms of properties that can be sensed and affected by the agents. The resulting equa- tion(s) can then be used to develop requirements for the behaviors of the agents that lead to the global goal. Though swarm engineering has typically been applied to robotic design and computation design, we broaden the scope here by applying it to an economic system. So why economics? Economies are complex systems which en- compass micro and macro behaviors, individual interac- tion, equilibriums, and, in most cases, some sense of self-
Influence of slope on subtalar pronation in submaximal running performance

OBJECTIVE : To investigate the slope influence on the maximal subtalar pronation in submaximal running speeds. METHODS : Sixteen endurance runners participated of a running economy (RE) test in a treadmill with different slopes (+1%, +5%, +10%, +15%). For each slope a 4-minute run was performed with no rest break for the purpose of measuring the magnitude of kinematic variables by means of a high frequency video camera positioned in a frontal-posterior plane of the individual. RESULTS : No significant differences were verified in maximal subtalar pronation between legs and between the slopes adopted, showing that changes of running technique due to modifications of slope aren't enough to modify the behavior of maximum subtalar pronation. CONCLUSION : The subtalar pronation is independent of slope, which may be influenced by other intervening variables. Level of Evidence II, Diagnostic Study
Research on Blog Similarity Based on Ontology

A new method to compute the similarity of two blog posts is proposed in this paper. This method mainly has two parts including keywords extraction and semantic similarity measurement. During keywords extraction part, the method utilizes particular post features to extract keywords from one blog post with the aim to improve the correlation rate. In order to compute the similarity of any two blog posts more effectively, semantic similarity measurement part make use of personal ontology that denotes single post, the aim is to transform the blog post similarity into the personal ontology similarity. This method has already been applied in an original retrieval system which supports searching not only by several keywords, but also by a blog post (in the type of URL). The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective.
Budget pacing for targeted online advertisements at LinkedIn

Targeted online advertising is a prime source of revenue for many Internet companies. It is a common industry practice to use a generalized second price auction mechanism to rank advertisements at every opportunity of an impression. This greedy algorithm is suboptimal for both advertisers and publishers when advertisers have a finite budget. In a greedy mechanism high performing advertisers tend to drop out of the auction marketplace fast and that adversely affects both the advertiser experience and the publisher revenue. We describe a method for improving such ad serving systems by including a budget pacing component that serves ads by being aware of global supply patterns. Such a system is beneficial for both advertisers and publishers. We demonstrate the benefits of this component using experiments we conducted on advertising at LinkedIn.
Data Mining of Ultraviolet Spectral Data Using a Partial Least Squares with Data Fusion

A novel method named DF-PLS based on partial least squares (PLS) regression combined with data fusion (DF) was applied to enhance the ability of extracting characteristic information and the quality of regression for the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of Cu(| |), Ni(|I I) and Cr(I I). Data fusion is a technique that seamlessly integrates information from disparate source to produce a single model or decision. Wavelet representations of signals provide a local time-frequency description and are multiscale in nature, thus in the wavelet domain, the quality of noise removal are implemented by a scale-dependent threshold method. Information from different wavelet scales is just like different sources of information. Integrating the information from different wavelet scales to obtain a PLS model belongs to the technique of data fusion. PLS was applied for multivariate calibration and noise reduction by eliminating the less important latent variables. Experimental results showed the DF-PLS method to be successful for simultaneous multicomponent determination even where there was severe overlap of spectra and to be better than PLS.
Model-based Estimation of Vertebrae from Uncalibrated Bi-Planar XRays

This paper presents a method and preliminary study for estimating the location of vertebrae from uncalibrated bi-planar radiographs. The method uses the axis/angle representation of rotations and exact analytic derivatives for optimising the objective function. Multiple vertebral models are incorporated in a single procedure. Results are shown on both real data in vivo and on simulated data. No ground truth for the real data is available, but sensible results are produced by the method in comparison with a method using numeric derivatives. Simulation results show that the method is robust to Gaussian errors in the landmarks and degrades gracefully as these errors increase.
Survey on implementation of enhanced uniform circular local binary pattern algorithm for sketch recognition

In this papert to determine the uniqueness of criminal, growth in biometric technology have provide law enforcement agency other tools. but, several crimes take place where none of the information is present, but instead an eyewitness description of the crime is presented. In these circumstances, a forensic artist is commonly used to work with the eyewitness in order to draw a sketch that depicts the facial look of the criminal according to the spoken description. Forensic sketches differ from view sketches in that they are drawn by a police sketch artist using the description of the issue provided by an eyewitness. Because face sketches represent the original faces in a very short recognizable form, they play an vital role in criminal investigations, human illustration discernment, and face biometrics. Sketches used in forensic investigations are either drawn by forensic artists (forensic sketches) or created with computer software. These sketches are posted in public places and in media in hopes that some viewers will provide tips about the identity of the suspect.
Improved AOMDV with precaution algorithm in wireless Ad Hoc networking

Ad Hoc wireless network provides an infrastructureless networking, and network services are available to users while they are continually moving. When the load of the traffic is heavy, the performance of the classic routing protocols for the Ad Hoc network decreases dramatically. In this paper, by introducing a precaution mechanism to forecast possible link failures between the nodes in the network, we optimize the algorithm of Ad Hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing protocol. Simulation results show that the improved AOMDV with precaution algorithm achieves remarkable improvements in the end-to-end delay and the packet delivery ratio, while normalized control overhead is well limited.