Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clean first or dirty first?: a cost-aware self-adaptive buffer replacement policy

Flash SSDs originate a disruptive change concerning storage technology and become a competitor for conventional magnetic disks in the area of persistent database stores. Compared to them, they provide a dramatic speed-up for random reads, but exhibit a distinct read/write (R/W) asymmetry, i.e., updates are more expensive than reads. Existing buffer management algorithms for those devices usually trade physical reads for physical writes to some extent. But they ignore the actual R/W cost ratio of the underlying device and the update intensity of the workload. Therefore, their performance advantage is sensitive to device and workload changes. We propose CASA (Cost-Aware Self-Adaptive), a novel buffer replacement policy, which makes the trade-off between physical reads and physical writes in a controlled fashion, depending on the R/W cost ratio, and automatically adapts itself to changing update intensities in workloads. Our experiments show that CASA outperforms previous proposals in a variety of cost settings and under changing workloads.
Iron abundances from optical Fe iii absorption lines in B-type stellar spectra

The role of optical Fe iii absorption lines in B-type stars as iron abundance diagnostics is considered. To date, ultraviolet Fe lines have been widely used in B-type stars, although line blending can severely hinder their diagnostic power. Using optical spectra, covering a wavelength range ∼3560–9200 A, a sample of Galactic B-type main-sequence and supergiant stars of spectral types B0.5 to B7 are investigated. A comparison of the observed Fe iii spectra of supergiants, and those predicted from the model atmosphere codes tlusty[plane-parallel, non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE)], with spectra generated using synspec (LTE), and cmfgen (spherical, non-LTE), reveal that non-LTE effects appear small. In addition, a sample of main-sequence and supergiant objects, observed with the Fiber-fed Extended Range Optical Spectrograph (FEROS), reveal LTE abundance estimates consistent with the Galactic environment and previous optical studies. Based on the present study, we list a number of Fe iii transitions which we recommend for estimating the iron abundance from early B-type stellar spectra.
Binge Drinking Upregulates Accumbens mGluR5–Homer2–PI3K Signaling: Functional Implications for Alcoholism

The glutamate receptor-associated protein Homer2 regulates alcohol-induced neuroplasticity within the nucleus accumbens (NAC), but the precise intracellular signaling cascades involved are not known. This study examined the role for NAC metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)–Homer2–phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling in regulating excessive alcohol consumption within the context of the scheduled high alcohol consumption (SHAC) model of binge alcohol drinking. Repeated bouts of binge drinking (∼1.5 g/kg per 30 min) elevated NAC Homer2a/b expression and increased PI3K activity in this region. Virus-mediated knockdown of NAC Homer2b expression attenuated alcohol intake, as did an intra-NAC infusion of the mGluR5 antagonist MPEP [2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride] (0.1–1 μg/side) and the PI3K antagonist wortmannin (50 ng/side), supporting necessary roles for mGluR5/Homer2/PI3K in binge alcohol drinking. Moreover, when compared with wild-type littermates, transgenic mice with an F1128R point mutation in mGluR5 that markedly reduces Homer binding exhibited a 50% reduction in binge alcohol drinking, which was related to reduced NAC basal PI3K activity. Consistent with the hypothesis that mGluR5–Homer–PI3K signaling may be a mechanism governing excessive alcohol intake, the “anti-binge” effects of MPEP and wortmannin were not additive, nor were they observed in the mGluR5F1128R transgenic mice. Finally, mice genetically selected for a high versus low SHAC phenotype differed in NAC mGluR, Homer2, and PI3K activity, consistent with the hypothesis that augmented NAC mGluR5–Homer2–PI3K signaling predisposes a high binge alcohol-drinking phenotype. Together, these data point to an important role for NAC mGluR5–Homer2–PI3K signaling in regulating binge-like alcohol consumption that has relevance for our understanding of the neurobiology of alcoholism and its pharmacotherapy.
Exploring MicroRNA-Like Small RNAs in the Filamentous Fungus Fusarium oxysporum

RNA silencing such as quelling and meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA (MSUD) and several other classes of special small RNAs have been discovered in filamentous fungi recently. More than four different mechanisms of microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) production have been illustrated in the model fungus Neurospora crassa including a dicer-independent pathway. To date, very little work focusing on small RNAs in fungi has been reported and no universal or particular characteristic of milRNAs were defined clearly. In this study, small RNA and degradome libraries were constructed and subsequently deep sequenced for investigating milRNAs and their potential cleavage targets on the genome level in the filamentous fungus F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. As a result, there is no intersection of conserved miRNAs found by BLASTing against the miRBase. Further analysis showed that the small RNA population of F. oxysporum shared many common features with the small RNAs from N. crassa and other fungi. According to the known standards of miRNA prediction in plants and animals, milRNA candidates from 8 families (comprising 19 members) were screened out and identified. However, none of them could trigger target cleavage based on the degradome data. Moreover, most major signals of cleavage in transcripts could not match appropriate complementary small RNAs, suggesting that other predominant modes for milRNA-mediated gene regulation could exist in F. oxysporum. In addition, the PAREsnip program was utilized for comprehensive analysis and 3 families of small RNAs leading to transcript cleavage were experimentally validated. Altogether, our findings provided valuable information and important hints for better understanding the functions of the small RNAs and milRNAs in the fungal kingdom.
Range of Validity of the D-Brane - Black Hole Correspondence

For minimally coupled scalars at low frequencies, the D-brane model has the same spectrum of radiation as the Hawking radiation from a black hole. We perform a similar comparison for another type of scalar which we call an intermediate scalar. In this case, we find that there is a discrepancy between the D-brane model and the black hole even for very low frequency scalars. This suggests that the model is only valid within the moduli space approximation.
Combining phenotypic and genomic approaches reveals no evidence for adaptation to the local mutualist in Medicago lupulina

Local adaptation is a common but not ubiquitous feature of species interactions, and understanding the circumstances under which it evolves illuminates the factors that influence adaptive population divergence. Antagonistic species interactions dominate the local adaptation literature relative to mutualistic ones, preventing an overall assessment of adaptation within interspecific interactions. Here, we tested whether the legume Medicago lupulina is locally adapted to two species of mutualistic nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria that vary in frequency across its eastern North American range. We reciprocally inoculated northern and southern M. lupulina genotypes with the northern (Ensifer medicae) or southern bacterium (E. meliloti) in a greenhouse experiment, and performed a genome scan for loci that showed elevated differentiation between field-collected plants that hosted different bacteria. Despite producing different numbers of root nodules (the structures in which the plants house the bacteria), neither northern nor southern plants produced more seeds, flowered earlier, or were more likely to flower when inoculated with their local rhizobia. None of the loci identified in our genomic analysis belonged to the well-characterized suite of legume-rhizobia symbiosis genes, suggesting that the rhizobia do not drive genetic divergence between M. lupulina populations. Our results demonstrate that local adaptation has not evolved in this mutualism despite large-scale geographic variation in the identity of the interacting species.
Method for Extraction Wavelet Packets' Coefficients in Loudspeaker Fault Detection Based on PCA

This paper presents a new method using principal component analysis (PCA) to eliminate data redundancy in loudspeaker fault detection. It uses wavelet packet transformation (WPT) to decompose the loudspeaker acoustics signal into 32 packet node signals. Then, get the mean, max, standard deviation and correlation coefficient of every node envelopment . With the way of observing, it gets 63 coefficients from 128 ones which are helpful for detection of fault. Using the new way above, 32 coefficients are removed from the 63. The failed loudspeaker can be found with the help of artificial neural network (ANN). It is proved that the method is very effective in experiment.
1 MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES IN DIALOGUE ACT RECOGNITION

This report addresses dialogue acts, their existing applications and techniques of automatically recognizing them, in Estonia as well as elsewhere. Three main applications are described: in dialogue systems to determine the intention of the speaker, in dialogue systems with machine translation to resolve ambiguities in the possible translation variants and in speech recognition to reduce word recognition error rate. Several recognition techniques are described on the surface level: how they work and how they are trained. A summary of the corresponding representation methods is provided for each technique. The paper also includes examples of applying the techniques to dialogue act recognition. The author comes to the conclusion that using the current evaluation metric it is impossible to compare dialogue act recognition techniques when these are applied to different dialogue act tag sets. Dialogue acts remain an open research area, with space and need for developing new recognition techniques and methods of evaluation.
Combinatorial Approach for Preventing SQL Injection Attacks

A combinatorial approach for protecting Web applications against SQL injection is discussed in this paper, which is a novel idea of incorporating the uniqueness of Signature based method and auditing method. The major issue of web application security is the SQL Injection, which can give the attackers unrestricted access to the database that underlie Web applications and has become increasingly frequent and serious. From signature based method standpoint of view, it present a detection mode for SQL injection using pair wise sequence alignment of amino acid code formulated from wab application form parameter sent via web server. On the other hand from the Auditing based method standpoint of view, it analyzes the transaction to find out the malicious access. In signature based method It uses an approach called Hirschberg algorithm, it is a divide and conquer approach to reduce the time and space complexity. This system was able to stop all of the successful attacks and did not generate any false positives.
Preliminary and Incomplete

We propose a general GARCH framework that allows the use of different frequency returns to model conditional heteroskedasticity. We call the class of models High FrequencY Data-Based PRojectIon-Driven GARCH models as the GARCH dynamics are driven by what we call HYBRID processes. We study three broad classes of HYBRID processes: (1) parameter-free processes that are purely data-driven, (2) structural HYBRIDs where one assumes an underlying DGP for the high frequency data and finally (3) HYBRID filter processes. We develop the asymptotic theory of various estimators and study their properties in small samples via simulations.
Characterization of Five Novel Mitoviruses in the White Pine Blister Rust Fungus Cronartium ribicola

The white pine blister rust (WPBR) fungus Cronartium ribicola (J.C. Fisch.) is an exotic invasive forest pathogen causing severe stem canker disease of native white pine trees (subgenus Strobus) in North America. The present study reports discovery of five novel mitoviruses in C. ribicola by deep RNA sequencing. The complete genome of each mitovirus was determined by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) was detected in each of the viral genomes using mitochondrial genetic codes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the C. ribicola mitoviruses (CrMV1 to CrMV5) are new putative species of the genus Mitovirus. qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq analyses revealed that viral RNAs were significantly increased in fungal mycelia in cankered pine stems compared to expression during two different stages of spore development, suggesting that viral genome replication and transcription benefit from active growth of the host fungus. CrMVs were widespread with relatively high levels of minor allele frequency (MAF) in western North America. As the first report of mitoviruses in the Class Pucciniomycetes, this work allows further investigation of the dynamics of a viral community in the WPBR pathosystem, including potential impacts that may affect pathogenicity and virulence of the host fungus.
A T HEORY OF J ET D EFINITION

A systematic framework for jet definition is developed from first principles of physical measurement, quantum field theory, and QCD. A jet definition is found which: • is theoretically optimal in regard of both minimization of detector errors and inversion of hadroniza-tion; • is similar to a cone algorithm with dynamically negotiated jet shapes and positions found via shape observables that generalize the thrust to any number of axes; • involves no ad hoc conventions; • allows a fast computer implementation [hep-ph/9912415]. The framework offers an array of options for systematic construction of quasi-optimal observables for specific applications. The second edition: ° clarifies, expands and solidifies the arguments behind the formal derivation; ° strengthens consistency of the derivation at the last step → fine-tunes the final criterion → the jet search algorithm is now much simpler, faster and robust [7]; ° uncovers new options not available in conventional schemes. Eliminated: ° The algorithmically cumbersome linear restriction on missing energy; now treated additively with a cumulative upper bound (6.21). Added: • a general theory of optimal observables (2.7–2.35); • an analysis of inversion of hadronization (5.10); • the relation to cone algorithms and thrust (8.11, 8.14); • a model-independent tool to quantify hadronization (the Υ–Ε soft distribution; 8.19); • the option of multiple jet configurations (9).
Finite-state-based and phrase-based statistical machine translation

This paper shows the common framework that underlies the translation systems based on phrases or driven by finite state transducers, and summarizes a first comparison between them. In both approaches the translation process is based on pairs of source and target strings of words (segments) related by word alignment. Their main difference comes from the statistical modeling of the translation context. The experimental study has been carried out on an English/Spanish version of the VERBMOBIL corpus. Under the constrain of a monotone composition of translated segments to generate the target sentence, the finite state based translation outperforms the phrase based counterpart.
Short communication Explaining adolescents' smoking and drinking behavior: The concept of smoker and drinker prototypes in relation to variables of the theory of planned behavior

Research has demonstrated that social image factors play an important role in the course of adolescent’s substance use, that is, smoking and drinking. The concept of social images or prototypes is embedded into a theoretical model called the prototype/willingness model. The present study addresses the relative value of the prototype/willingness model in relation to the theory of planned behavior. To study relations between prototypes and adolescents’ willingness and intention to engage in smoking and drinking behavior, cross-sectional data among 2814 adolescents (12–16 years) were gathered. Results show that adolescents describe daily-smoking and weekly-drinking peers generally as slightly well adjusted, slightly rebellious, not really cool, and not really attractive. Positive relations were observed between smoker and drinker prototypes and adolescents’ intention and willingness to smoke and drink in the future. Furthermore, regression analyses showed that prototypes of dailysmoking and weekly-drinking peers explained a significant part of the variance in intention and willingness to smoke and drink, and added significantly to the variance explained by the variables of the theory of planned behavior. D 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
BehaviorDroid: Monitoring Android Applications

Mobile app developers declare permissions, but these do not guarantee that apps will behave as expected. Existing work focuses on checking predefined app properties, e.g., clone detection and API analysis. We propose BehaviorDroid, a framework for monitoring general app properties at runtime. Properties are currently specified using automata, describing desired and unwanted interactions between an app and phone resources. BehaviorDroid is a robust, extensible and configurable framework that can simultaneously monitor multiple apps and properties, showing reasonable CPU and memory usage during execution. Initial experiments show that we can improve memory usage by combining automata that have similar alphabets.
Influence of motor rotating speed on shaft voltage of brushless DC motor with insulated rotor driven by PWM inverters

The brushless DC motors are also becoming popular in air conditioning fan motors, and protection of bearing from electro-erosion is becoming a major challenge in the North Europe market in particular. The bearing electro-erosion is caused when the bearing lubricant is dielectrically broken down, making current run on the inner race and outer race of the bearing. As a countermeasure, we verified that shaft voltage was suppressed by the insulated rotor. Air conditioning fan motors are known to generate the necessary wind for cooling the heat exchanger and its motor rotating speed. It was also confirmed that the shaft voltage increased as the motor rotating speed increased. This paper describes the shaft voltage falls below the dielectric breakdown voltage of the bearing grease in the actual operating speed range and is also verified that insulated rotors are effective for suppressing electro-erosion with respect to changes in rotating speed.
Subspace precoding with limited feedback for the massive MIMO interference channel

A non-iterative two-stage precoding scheme for the multiple-input-multiple-output interference channel (IC) with a large number of transmit antennas is presented. Second stage precoders are used to compress the channel state information (CSI) of interfering links, while keeping the multiplexing gain of the IC constant. First stage precoders zero-force the interference based on the compressed CSI of interfering links. In addition, a proper design of the second stage precoders forces the first stage precoders to span a reduced subspace containing the maximal direct links' power, resulting in a better zero-forcing solution in terms of sum-rate. For a fixed number of receive antennas and transmitter/receiver pairs, the required feedback amount of interfering links is constant, regardless of the number of transmit antennas. As cooperative algorithms are very sensitive to CSI errors, the proposed scheme offers an attractive solution in case CSI feedback constitutes the system bottleneck.
Australian Options

We study European options on the ratio of the stock price to its average and vice versa. Some of these options have been traded in the Australian Stock Exchange since 1992, thus we call them Australian options. For geometric averages, we obtain closed-form expressions for option prices. For arithmetic means, we use different approximations that produce very similar results.
LiveBench‐2: Large‐scale automated evaluation of protein structure prediction servers

The aim of LiveBench is to provide a continuous evaluation of structure prediction servers to inform developers and users about the current state‐of‐the‐art structure prediction tools. LiveBench differs from other evaluation experiments because it is a large‐scale and a fully automated procedure. Since LiveBench‐1, which finished in April 2000, and related but independent CASP3 and CAFASP1 experiments, significant progress in the field has occurred. Some of the new developments have already been assessed at the recent CASP4 and CAFASP2 experiments (both independently of LiveBench), but others have not been observed yet because they entail developments carried out only recently. These include the availability of new servers (Pcons, FUGUE, and Coblath) and the enhancement of previously existing tools (mGenThreader, Sam‐T, and 3D‐PSSM), which illustrate the fast rate at which the field is advancing. Consequently, to keep in pace with the development, we present the results of the second large‐scale evaluation of protein structure prediction servers. Of the 11 fold recognition servers evaluated, two servers appear to be most sensitive. One of these is 3D‐PSSM, a server significantly improved after LiveBench‐1. The other top performer is the new consensus server Pcons, which significantly outperformed other servers in the specificity of predictions. LiveBench‐2 shows that the top performing servers are able to accurately recognize a fold for about one third of the “difficult” targets, a clear improvement over LiveBench‐1 results. Given that automated structure prediction is increasingly becoming a biologists companion, the guidelines drawn from the LiveBench experiments are likely to provide users with valuable and timely information for their prediction needs. Proteins 2001;Suppl 5:184–191. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.