Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the severity of ulcerative colitis using endoscopic dual red imaging targeting deep vessels

Abstract Background and study aims Colonoscopies can predict long-term prognoses in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Recently, a new imaging technology has been developed that uses 3 types of illumination with center wavelengths of 540 nm, 600 nm, and 630 nm. The use of both the 600-nm and 630-nm lights (Dual red imaging; DRI) is critical for identifying blood vessels in deeper tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of DRI for assessing the severity of inflammation in patients with UC. Patients and methods A total of 43 UC patients were retrospectively enrolled to evaluate the endoscopic severity of 112 colon segments, and Mayo endoscopic scores, DRI scores and the severity of inflammation on a visual analogue scale (VAS) were compared. The Mayo endoscopic scores, DRI scores, and histologic scores were evaluated, and the interobserver agreement on DRI scores among 5 investigators was also assessed. The usefulness of DRI scores for predicting prognoses was also assessed in patients with clinical remission. Results The DRI scores were closely correlated with the VAS for the severity of colonic inflammation (r = 0.96) and the histologic scores (r = 0.72 – 0.8). The DRI scores had a higher rate of interobserver agreement (κ values = 0.63 – 0.88) than the Mayo endoscopic scores (κ values = 0.44 – 0.59). Inter-observer agreement between 4 non-experts was also excellent (mean κ value = 0.76, range 0.63 – 0.82). The expected time until recurrence was significantly longer in patients with lower DRI scores (P < 0.01). Conclusion DRI can be used in patients with mild to moderate endoscopic severity because it targets the deep vascular pattern. The prognosis of UC can be predicted by assessing deep vessels using DRI.
ENLIGHTENED LEADERSHIP IN INDIAN ETHOS: THE WAY OF THE THEORY K

aY b Z c wherein coefficients a, b and c indicate the intensity with which managers tend to us X, Y or Z style. Driving metaphor is suggested to indicate the matrix nature of the theory K wherein the attempt is to achieve proper matching between the managerial styles and situational requirements. Paper further presents an Indian model of enlightened leadership by combining the Indian guna theory and the management theories X, Y and Z. This model is based on a new approach to personality theory that can be referred to as “WE” or the West-East approach wherein human personality is thought in terms of six elements represented by personality set (tamasik, rajasik, sattavik, X, Y & Z). The model has three subsets viz. (Tamasik, X), (Rajasik, Y) and (Sattavik, Z). It is suggested that enlightened leaders create transformation towards (Rajasik, Y) and (Sattavik, Z) situations, because (Tamasik, X) personality creates considerable negative energy or negergy in organisations. Author’s empirical impressions and case studies from Indian history and Indian social and business context provide a preliminary evidence in favour of this Indian model of enlightened leadership.
LBP-inspired detection of color patterns: Multiplied local score patterns

Local binary patterns (LBP) were previously used to characterize gray-scale patterns in an image. They have also been applied to color pattern recognition, but maintained a simple binary vector for classification. We have applied the sampling strategy of LBPs to collect local colors around every pixel. These samples are then individually scored with all models to find the best match. This determines the order the remaining color models are used to score the samples, leading to rotation invariance in a manner similar to LBPs. Once the scores are retrieved for each sample, they are modulated by the samples' saturation values. All modulated scores are then multiplied to produce a multiplied local score pattern (mLSP) map. Peaks are filtered based on their breadth using simple thresholding and subsequent connected component analysis. Results were gathered from 1534 images in two environments under two camera exposures, using two consumer printer technologies to produce the color pattern. The overall recognition rate was 86%. Recognition was further broken down to show effects of lighting environment, printer technology, camera distance, and color pattern setup. Pitfalls and potential solutions are discussed for the algorithm's use in a wider variety of environments and with other color patterns.
Psychological Adjustment: Are adopted adolescents at greater risk for negative outcomes?

During the last decades several authors have indicated that being an adopted child resulted in a higher risk of psychological maladjustment. The objective of this research was to investigate the changes in perception of parental styles in adopted and no-adopted adolescents Brazilians. The sample comprised 524 adolescents (68 were adopted and 456 were raised by their biological parents). The instruments used were a demographic questionnaire and the Responsiveness Scales and Parental Demands. The findings indicated that adoptive parents are significantly more indulgent than biological parents. In comparison, the adolescents described their biological parents as more negligent. The findings corroborated the transcultural effects of parental styles on the psychological adjustment and confirmed the
Real-Time Detection of Pointing Actions for a Glove-Free Interface

With the growing popularity of information systems, we want to develop new interfaces that are easier for everyone to use. The keyboard is the most common computer inter- face, but it requires a lot of practice to master. We think that a good Human-to-Computer interface for the general population should be so simple to use that no practice is re- quired. It must also allow the operator to communicate in a manner similar to Human-to-Human interaction. Human- to-Human interaction is composed of verbal and non-verbal modes. The role of the non-verbal-mode, which encom- passes posture, gesture, gaze, facial expression and so on, is
A software product lines system test case tool and its initial evaluation

The Software Product Lines (SPL) approach requires specific testing tools that should help to manage reusable testing assets and automate the test execution. Despite of the increasing interest by the research community regarding software testing tools, SPL still need tools to support the testing process. This work presents briefly the results of a mapping study on software testing tool and defines the requirements, design and implementation of a software product lines system test case tool, aiming at the creation and management of test assets. A controlled experiment was also conducted to evaluate the tool effectiveness.
Cuando el trabajo aburre: Análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Aburrimiento Laboral (EAL)

The aim of this research was to translate and preliminary validate the Perception of Organizational Politics Scale (POPS), 15-item short version Likert scale by Kacmar and Carlson (1997) from English to Spanish using the Brislin back-translation method and administrate the scale in Puerto Rico. Also, to examine the Cronbach’s alpha of the POPS Spanish version as well as to explore the effects of organizational politics may have on employees in the workplace. The study had a quantitative and a non-experimental transversal design. Two bilingual translators from Puerto Rico translated the scale to Spanish. The sample consisted of 205 participants. The snowball sampling was used to reach the participants. The statistical analysis used to measure the scale was the Alpha Coefficient formula and the Exploratory Factor Analysis to determine which items will remain in the final version. The results showed that the final version of the scale contained 13 items and had a Cronbach’s alpha of . 87 and two subscales. The researcher concluded that the POPS Spanish version may be a preliminary valid instrument in Puerto Rico and possesses a strong Cronbach’s Alpha. Another finding was that the variable sector had an effect on employees’ perceptions of organizational politics. Received: 22/12/2016 Accepted: 25/04/2017 How to reference this article: Martinez Lugo, M. & Rodriguez-Montalban, R. (2017). Cuando el trabajo aburre: Analisis de las propiedades psicometricas de la Escala de Aburrimiento Laboral (EAL). Revista Interamericana de Psicologia Ocupacional, 35(1), 7-20. Doi: 10.21772/ripo.v35n1a01
Finiteness up to bisimilarity is decidable for pushdown processes

It is shown that it is decidable if a given configuration of a pushdown automaton (pda) with no epsilon-transitions is bisimulation equivalent with some unspecified finite-state process. While the semidecidability of the positive case has been long clear, it is the existence of a finite effectively verifiable witness of the negative case which is the crucial point here. The presented algorithm also uses a procedure for deciding bisimilarity between pda configurations, which is known due to Senizergues (1998, 2005). The complexity of the procedure is non-elementary, as shown by Benedikt, Goeller, Kiefer, and Murawski (2012), but the EXPTIME-hardness (Kucera and Mayr 2002, and Srba 2002) remains the only known complexity bound for the problem.
Effect of different packet sizes on RED performance

We consider the adaptation of random early detection (RED) as an active queue management algorithm for TCP traffic in Internet gateways where different maximum transfer units (MTUs) are used. We studied the two existing RED variants and point out a weakness in both. The first variant where the drop probability is independent from the packet size discriminates connections with smaller MTUs. The second variant results in a very high Packet Loss Ratio (PLR), and as a consequence low goodput, for connections with higher MTUs. We show that fairness in terms of loss and goodput can be supplied through an appropriate setting of the RED algorithm.
A fuzzy ontology-based abstract search engine and its user studies

Query refinement can help users find information on the Internet more effectively. This feature has been implemented in a PASS (personalized abstract search services) system, a Web-based, domain-specific search engine for searching abstracts of research papers. The system uses a fuzzy ontology of term associations to support the feature. The ontology is automatically built in two stages using information obtained from the system's collection. A preliminary user study reveals that query refinement is one of the most important features of the system.
The Case for Interdisciplinary Studies: Response to Professor Benson's Five Arguments

The objective of this paper is to respond serially to Professor Benson's five arguments by setting forth a conception of interdisciplinary study, not necessarily as it is practiced but as it should be, which largely meets his criticisms.1 The final section of the paper offers suggestions for steps that the interdisciplinary studies profession should take to respond fully and effectively to its critics.
A Reinfrocement Learning Approach to Online Learning in Control

In search for a reinforcement learning technique with the simplicity of tabular techniques and capability of dealing with continuous states like in fuzzy systems, we introduce a new approach, which we have called Adaptive Pseudo Fuzzy technique. The idea is to partition the state space with some window functions similar to fuzzy membership functions and learn the output values by changing the rules’ consequents directly. This is a kind of local function approximation similar to RBFs and CMACs, however, unlike RBFs it does not shift the basis, and unlike CMACs it does not go through complex coarse coding. This method represents the input as a fuzzy system and learns the output as a look-up-table. We employed this technique in Sarsa(λ) to build a general online controller and examined it for a pole-balancing problem.
The test retest reliability and concurrent validity of functional reach test in 5 to 15 years old children with Down’s syndrome - A cross sectional study

Background and objective: The functional reach test and Time up and go test are most common dynamic balance tests used in patient with Down’s syndrome. To estimate test-retest reliability, interrater reliability and validation of a method for measuring balance functional reach test in children with Down’s syndrome, A cross-sectional study conducted in Alva’s special school, Chethana special school and Mangalore special school with outcome measures of Functional reach test, inter rater reliability, test retest reliability and concurrent validity to timed up and go test. Ethical clearance was obtained and 50 Down’s syndrome children (5-15years) were selected with who fulfils the inclusion criteria. The subjects were asked to perform three trials of functional reach and time up and go test and average of three trials was used for data analysis and their height, weight, Waist Circumference, Body mass index were measured. For estimating test-retest reliability, functional reach test was done by principal investigator once and inter-rater reliability was assessed by principal investigator and second investigator with an interval of 5 days. Time up and go test was used as the criterion dynamic balance, locomotion and coordination measure to validate functional reach. The data was tabulated and analysed statistically. Result: 50 children with Down’s syndrome took part in the reliability study. The testretest reliability of functional reach test is ICC (1, 1) 0.851 (p=0.002). According shrout and fleiss criteria in estimating reliability, there is moderate reliability between them. Similarly inter-rater reliability of time up and go test with ICC (2, 1) =0.72(p=0.002). Conclusion: Functional reach test is valid and reliable measure in estimating dynamic balance in children with Down’s syndrome.
Pathology by Inhibiting Inflammatory pertussis Bordetella and Confers Resistance to Cells Activates Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Innate IL-10

2 Signaling through Toll-like receptors (TLR) activates dendritic cell (DC) maturation and IL-12 production, which directs the induction of Th1 cells. We found that the production of IL-10, in addition to inﬂammatory cytokines and chemokines, was signiﬁcantly reduced in DCs from TLR4-defective C3H/HeJ mice in response to Bordetella pertussis . TLR4 was also required for B. pertussis LPS-induced maturation of DCs, but other B. pertussis components stimulated DC maturation independently of TLR4. The course of B. pertussis infection was more severe in C3H/HeJ than in C3H/HeN mice. Surprisingly, Ab- and Ag-speciﬁc IFN- (cid:1) responses were enhanced at the peak of infection, whereas Ag-speciﬁc IL-10-producing T cells were signiﬁcantly reduced in C3H/HeJ mice. This was associated with enhanced inﬂammatory cytokine production, cellular inﬁltration, and severe pathological changes in the lungs of TLR4-defective mice. Our ﬁndings suggest that TLR-4 signaling activates innate IL-10 production in response to B. pertussis , which both directly, and by promoting the induction of IL-10-secreting type 1 regulatory T cells, may inhibit Th1 responses and limit inﬂammatory pathology in the lungs during infection with B. pertussis . The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 171: 3119–3127.
Differential effects of Kv7 (M-) channels on synaptic integration in distinct subcellular compartments of rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons

Non‐technical summary Ion channels are pores that allow the exchange of molecules across cell membranes. In nerve cells (neurons) of the hippocampus (a brain region involved in learning and memory), the potassium KV7 channel is present predominantly in the cell body (the soma) and in its axon, a projection from the cell body that produces brief electrical signals known as action potentials. We have previously shown that axonal KV7 channels control action potential initiation and so regulate cell excitability. However, cells also receive inputs from other cells connected to them, resulting in longer lasting electrical signals known as synaptic potentials. In this study, we show that only somatic KV7 channels influence synaptic potential shapes and summation, whereas axonal channels increase the ability of synaptic potentials to generate action potentials. Hence, axonal and somatic KV7 channels differentially contribute to information processing within hippocampal neurons, which may be important for processes such as cognition
The ASSL approach to specifying self‐managing embedded systems

The increasing complexity of contemporary embedded computing systems requires the use of self‐management in order to handle unforeseen changes in both hardware and control software. The idea behind computer systems capable of self‐management is a complex concept compound by many aspects related to both artificial intelligence and awareness. Here, the biggest challenge is still the question how to properly develop and verify such systems. In this paper, we present a formal approach to specifying embedded systems capable of self‐management. In our approach, we use the ASSL (autonomic system specification language) framework as a development environment, where self‐management features of embedded systems are specified and an implementation is automatically generated. ASSL exposes a rich set of specification constructs that help developers specify event‐driven embedded systems. Hardware is sensed via special metrics intended to drive events and self‐management policies that help the system handle critical situations in an autonomous reactive manner. We present this approach along with a simulation case study where ASSL is used to develop control software for the wide‐angle camera carried on board NASA's Voyager II Spacecraft. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrotactile Rendering of Human Emotions on the Manifold of Facial Expressions

Facial expressions play an important role in every day social interaction. To enhance the daily life experience for the visually impaired, we present the Facial Expression Appearance vibroTactile System (FEATS), which uses a vibrotactile chair as the social interface for the visually impaired. An array of vibrating motors are mounted spatially on the back of an office chair. The Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) algorithm is extended to compute the manifold of facial expressions, which is used to control vibration of motors to render emotions. Thus, the chair could provide the visually impaired with on-line dynamic emotion information about the person he/she is communicating with. Usability evaluation of the system is carried out. The results are encouraging and demonstrate usability for the visually impaired. The user studies show that perfect recognition accuracy of emotion type is achieved by the FEATS.
Effective Authentication Mechanisms for Mobile Devices :Smartcard (SMCA,BSCA)

: This is an era of mobile communications and computing where mobiles are being used in place of traditional computers. Mobile devices are small, handy devices that can be carried around by the user very easily. A user holding the mobile device will have access to the information even at the places where no internet terminal is available. Due to this reason, they are heavily being used in the business environment in managing application, e-mail correspondence, accessing the remote corporate data, handling voice calls, etc. But the mobile devices are still lack-in most important security features such as user authentication, content encryption, virus protection, confidentiality, integrity, etc. The sensitive information stored in the mobile devices is not secure (can be accessed by an unauthorized user). Mobile device poses limited storage and processing power, and the low battery-power. It is also tedious to implement the cryptographic algorithms on mobile devices because they need heavy computations such as generating a key as a large prime numbers. Hence, many security threats are possible when mobile device is used. One of the most serious security threats is the unauthorized use of the mobile device. It is very common that mobile devices can be used by unauthorized person because they are handy and can be lost or stolen very easily. A smart card used with mobile device resist its ‘unauthorized use’. The limited computation capabilities of the mobile can also be enhanced by using the smart cards. In this paper , two novel types of smart cards such as Smart Multimedia Card Authentication(SMCA) and Bluetooth Smart Card Authentication (BSCA) are used. The authentication mechanisms proposed in this paper are based on Multimode Authentication Framework, which provides a flexibility to add our own authentication modules. The developed authentication mechanisms provide the dual-security to the mobile devices and are well enough to resist the attacks which are possible over mobile devices. Demand for competent software is rising day by day and object-oriented design procedure became able to fulfill this demand because it is the most powerful mechanism to develop efficient software systems. It can not only help in reducing the cost but also helps in the development of high quality software systems . Software developers need appropriate metrics to develop efficient software system. Object-oriented metrics can play vital role[10,11] in this aspect due to their importance in the development of successful software applications. Empirically we analyzed and deliberate the OO Metrics also in this paper.
Studying the fault-detection effectiveness of GUI test cases for rapidly evolving software

Software is increasingly being developed/maintained by multiple, often geographically distributed developers working concurrently. Consequently, rapid-feedback-based quality assurance mechanisms such as daily builds and smoke regression tests, which help to detect and eliminate defects early during software development and maintenance, have become important. This paper addresses a major weakness of current smoke regression testing techniques, i.e., their inability to automatically (re)test graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Several contributions are made to the area of GUI smoke testing. First, the requirements for GUI smoke testing are identified and a GUI smoke test is formally defined as a specialized sequence of events. Second, a GUI smoke regression testing process called daily automated regression tester (DART) that automates GUI smoke testing is presented. Third, the interplay between several characteristics of GUI smoke test suites including their size, fault detection ability, and test oracles is empirically studied. The results show that: 1) the entire smoke testing process is feasible in terms of execution time, storage space, and manual effort, 2) smoke tests cannot cover certain parts of the application code, 3) having comprehensive test oracles may make up for not having long smoke test cases, and 4) using certain oracles can make up for not having large smoke test suites.
Option Market Microstructure and Stochastic Volatility

Our primary goal is to develop and analyze a dynamic economic model that takes into account several sources of information-based trade the markets for a stock and options on that stock and that ultimately accounts for salient features of stock price data, including serial correlation in stock trades, serial correlation in squared stock price changes (stochastic volatility), and more persistent serial correlation in stock trades than in squared stock price changes. We derive the dynamic relationships among the stock, the call option, and the put option and capture the leverage effect offered by options. We derive consistency results for the learning process and the convergence of an assetâ„¢s quotes to the assetâ„¢s true value. We also derive closed-form analytic results for expected calendar period price changes and trades, and we examine calendar period serial correlation properties of squared price changes and trades.