Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach for a Routing Algorithm Based on a Discrete Time Hopfield Neural Network

This article proposes a new approach to accelerate the routing algorithm based on Hopfield neural network. We showed that one can calculate the best route in terms of cost in a network using a discrete equation instead of the common used differential formulation. We also demonstrated that the formulation based on discrete parameters outperforms the well known formulation in terms of simulation time
Representing Regularities in the Metaphoric Lexicon

This paper describes a system for representing knowledge about conventional metaphors for use by natural language analysis, generation and acquisition systems. A system of hierarchically related structured associations is used. These associations are implemented as a part of the KODIAK representation language. Particular attention is paid in this paper to representational mechanisms that can capture generalizations over the system of conventional metaphors as a whole.
Generating Feasible Schedules under Complex Metric Constraints

In this paper, we consider the problem of finding feasible solutions to scheduling problems that are complicated by separation constraints on the execution of different operations. Following recent work in constraint-posting scheduling, we formulate this problem as one of establishing ordering relations between pairs of operations requiring synchronization of resource usage. This establishes contact with the recently proposed General Temporal Constraint Network (GTCN) model. Exploiting properties of the general GTCN solution procedure, we are able to directly generalize a high performance solution procedure previously developed for a much more restricted class of scheduling problems. Specifically, shortest path information in the underlying temporal constraint network is first used to establish dominance conditions for early pruning of infeasible solutions. Heuristics are then defined for variable/value ordering in the meta-CSP space of possible resolutions of the disjunctive constraints on resource usage. These heuristics are based on use of shortest path information as an estimation of decision flexibility. Experimental evaluation of the resulting heuristic procedure is carried out on a set of randomly generated problems drawn from a manufacturing scenario. Results indicate extremely effective problem solving performance in relation to both the original scheduling procedure that was adapted and the general GTCN solution procedure.
Analysis of the dc dynamics of VSC-HVDC systems using a frequency domain approach

In this paper, the dc dynamic performance of VSC-HVDC systems is investigated using the frequency domain approach. In a previous work, it has been found through the eigenvalue analysis that, in some situations, the VSC-HVDC system becomes unstable when the converter which controls the direct-voltage injects power exceeding a certain value. However, the cause of the instability was not addressed. This paper attempts to answer some of the remaining questions in the previous work through the frequency response of the elements that compose the system. In order to facilitate the analysis, appropriate assumptions have been made. The transfer function of both, dc grid and the converter which controls the direct-voltage, are derived. The results from the analysis show that, depending on the direction of the power, the frequency response of the converter has a negative resistance characteristic which amplifies resonances in the dc grid.
Minimum data rate for stabilization of linear systems with parametric uncertainties

We study a stabilization problem of linear uncertain systems with parametric uncertainties via feedback control over data-rate-constrained channels. The objective is to find the limitation on the amount of information that must be conveyed through the channels for achieving stabilization and in particular how the plant uncertainties affect it. We derive a necessary condition and a sufficient condition for stabilizing the closed-loop system. These conditions provide limitations in the form of bounds on data rate and magnitude of uncertainty on plant parameters. The bounds are characterized by the product of the poles of the nominal plant and are less conservative than those known in the literature. In the course of deriving these results, a new class of nonuniform quantizers is found to be effective in reducing the required data rate. For scalar plants, these quantizers are shown to minimize the required data rate, and the obtained conditions become tight.
Highly nonlinear optical fiber for all optical processing applications

We have designed and fabricated highly nonlinear dispersion-shifted germania-doped silica fibers for use in the EDFA gain window, and measured a 9-fold increase in the fiber nonlinearity, compared to conventional dispersion-shifted fiber. We have also measured the contribution of the germania index-raising dopant to the effective fiber nonlinearity. We believe that our new fiber design will afford a significant reduction in the required fiber length for nonlinear switching, leading to a broader wavelength switching window, and allowing compact device packaging. <<ETX>>
On Parallel Hashing and Integer Sorting (cid:3)

The problem of sorting n integers from a restricted range [1::m], where m is superpolynomial in n, is considered. An o(nlogn) randomized algo-rithm is given. Our algorithm takes O(nloglog m) expected time and O(n) space. (Thus, for m = n polylog(n) we have an O(nloglog n) algorithm. ) The algorithm is parallelizable. The resulting parallel algorithm achieves optimal speed up. Some features of the algorithm make us believe that it is relevant for practical applications. A result of independent interest is a parallel hashing technique. The expected construction time is logarithmic using an optimal number of processors, and searching for a value takes O(1) time in the worst case. This technique enables drastic reduction of space requirements for the price of using randomness. Applicability of the technique is demonstrated for the parallel sorting algorithm, and for some parallel string matching algorithms. The parallel sorting algorithm is designed for a strong and non standard model of parallel computation. E(cid:14)cient simulations of the strong model on a CRCW PRAM are introduced. One of the simulations even achieves optimal speed up. This is probably a (cid:12)rst optimal speed up simulation of a certain kind. (cid:3) Appeared
Characterizing Pressure-Induced Uranium C=H Agostic Bonds

The diuranium(III) compound [UN′′2]2(μ-η6:η6-C6H6) (N′′=N(SiMe3)2) has been studied using variable, high-pressure single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and density functional theory. In this compound, the low-coordinate metal cations are coupled through π- and δ-symmetric arene overlap and show close metal=CH contacts with the flexible methyl CH groups of the sterically encumbered amido ligands. The metal–metal separation decreases with increasing pressure, but the most significant structural changes are to the close contacts between ligand CH bonds and the U centers. Although the interatomic distances are suggestive of agostic-type interactions between the U and ligand peripheral CH groups, QTAIM (quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules) computational analysis suggests that there is no such interaction at ambient pressure. However, QTAIM and NBO analyses indicate that the interaction becomes agostic at 3.2 GPa.
Quantification of rats' behavior during reinforcement periods.

What is treated as a single unit of reinforcement often involves what could be called a reinforcement period during which two or more acts of ingestion may occur, and each of these may have associated with it a series of responses, some reflexive, some learned, that lead up to ingestion. Food-tray presentation to a pigeon is an example of such a "reinforcement period. " In order to quantify this behavior, a continuous-reinforcement schedule was used as the reinforcement period and was chained to a fixed-ratio schedule. Both fixed-ratio size and reinforcement-period duration were manipulated. Rats were used as subjects, food as reinforcement, and a lever press as the operant. Major findings included (a) a rapid decline in response rates during the first 15 to 20 seconds of the reinforcement periods, and (b) a strong positive relationship between these response rates and the size of the fixed ratio. Also revealed was a short scallop not normally found in fixed-ratio response patterns, whose length was a function of fixed-ratio size and reinforcement-period duration. It is suggested that rapidly fluctuating excitatory processes can account for many of these findings and that such processes are functionally significant in terms of behavioral compensation.
Pair hidden Markov models on tree structures

MOTIVATION Computationally identifying non-coding RNA regions on the genome has much scope for investigation and is essentially harder than gene-finding problems for protein-coding regions. Since comparative sequence analysis is effective for non-coding RNA detection, efficient computational methods are expected for structural alignments of RNA sequences. On the other hand, Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) have played important roles for modeling and analysing biological sequences. Especially, the concept of Pair HMMs (PHMMs) have been examined extensively as mathematical models for alignments and gene finding. RESULTS We propose the pair HMMs on tree structures (PHMMTSs), which is an extension of PHMMs defined on alignments of trees and provides a unifying framework and an automata-theoretic model for alignments of trees, structural alignments and pair stochastic context-free grammars. By structural alignment, we mean a pairwise alignment to align an unfolded RNA sequence into an RNA sequence of known secondary structure. First, we extend the notion of PHMMs defined on alignments of 'linear' sequences to pair stochastic tree automata, called PHMMTSs, defined on alignments of 'trees'. The PHMMTSs provide various types of alignments of trees such as affine-gap alignments of trees and an automata-theoretic model for alignment of trees. Second, based on the observation that a secondary structure of RNA can be represented by a tree, we apply PHMMTSs to the problem of structural alignments of RNAs. We modify PHMMTSs so that it takes as input a pair of a 'linear' sequence and a 'tree' representing a secondary structure of RNA to produce a structural alignment. Further, the PHMMTSs with input of a pair of two linear sequences is mathematically equal to the pair stochastic context-free grammars. We demonstrate some computational experiments to show the effectiveness of our method for structural alignments, and discuss a complexity issue of PHMMTSs.
Coordinated beamforming in MIMO FBMC/OQAM systems

In this contribution, we propose a coordinated transmit beamforming technique for point-to-point multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) filter bank based multi-carrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC/OQAM) systems. To enable reliable transmissions when the number of transmit antennas does not exceed the number of receive antennas and the channel is not flat fading, we design a joint and iterative procedure to calculate the precoding matrix and the decoding matrix for each subcarrier. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing transmission strategies for MIMO FBMC/OQAM systems. It is also observed that by employing the proposed coordinated beamforming scheme, the MIMO FBMC/OQAM system achieves a similar bit error rate (BER) performance as its orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with the cyclic prefix insertion (CP-OFDM) based counterpart while exhibiting superiority in terms of a higher spectral efficiency, a greater robustness against synchronization errors, and a lower out-of-band radiation.
Granger causality for functional valued random processes

To assess influence or information exchange between functional valued signals, we propose to extend the notion of Granger causality when stochastic processes are series of random variables in functional Hilbert spaces. We give strong definitions for Granger causality and instantaneous coupling using conditional independence. We then discuss a weaker form of the definitions which are valid for second order wide sense stationary processes. This weaker approach relies on the Wold decomposition and its invertibility for these processes. The decomposition holds for discrete time signals that takes their values in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. We then discuss a possible framework to apply the theory. We propose causality measures that generalizes the measure proposed by Geweke in 1984 to the Hilbert space case. We illustrate and discuss the approach on the simple example of a trivariate autoregressive of order 1 process taking values in L2([0, 1]).
RESEARCHING SELF-ASSESSMENT OF STUDENT TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY IN THEORY AND PRACTICE

In professional growth of teachers, self-assessment of the pedagogical activity is a precondition for their effective practice therefore student teachers are encouraged to carry out self-assessment of the pedagogical activity already at the beginning of their studies. In order to make self-assessment of student teachers’ pedagogical activity more productive, it is important to find out a theoretical concept of self-assessment of student teachers’ pedagogical activity and to understand what impacts self-assessment of their pedagogical activity in practice. In the due course of the analysis of the scientific literature definition and functions of self-assessment of student teachers’ pedagogical activity, definition, functions, criteria and indicators of the self-assessment skill of student teachers’ pedagogical activity are formulated and as a result of the empirical research preconditions for successful self-assessment of student teachers’ pedagogical activity are revealed.
Antitumor Activity of a Recombinant Soluble Ectodomain of Mutant Human Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-2 IIIc

The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway is a recognized target of cancer therapy. We have developed a strong inhibitor (S252W mutant soluble ectodomain of FGF recptor-2 IIIc, msFGFR2) that binds FGFs and blocks the activation of FGFRs. Thermodynamic binding studies indicated that msFGFR2 bound FGF-2 16.9 times as strongly as wild-type soluble FGFR2IIIc ectodomain (wsFGFR2). It successfully suppressed the growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis of two tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo, and it potently inhibited cancer cell proliferation but not normal cell proliferation. Therefore, msFGFR2 is a useful probe for FGF-dependent signaling pathways and a potential broad-spectrum antitumor agent. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(9); 1656–66. ©2011 AACR.
Climacteric: concept, consequence and care.

Climacteric is the period of life starting from the decline in ovarian activity until after the end of ovarian function. According to the definition, the period includes peri-menopause, menopause and post-menopause. Climacteric is considered to be a natural change of life which may be accompanied by various health consequences i.e., menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, coronary heart disease, or Alzheimer's disease. The key concept is that women enter menopause with different menopausal status for instances, natural menopause, surgical menopause, early menopause or even premature ovarian failure. Women may experience various health consequences due to the difference in genetic and environmental interaction. The prevalence and incidence of menopausal problems vary according to ethnic groups. For instance, Asian women seem to have less problems after menopause than their occidental counterparts. Nevertheless, the problems do exist and seem to be increasing due to the longer life expectancy and lifestyle changes of people in the region. Clinical decision in menopausal therapy can be determined according to health risk stratification. Appropriated menopausal therapeutic strategies include medical and non-medical modalities. The non-medical modalities are mainly focussed on lifestyle modification, while the medical modalities are classified as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and non-HRT. Those in the high risk group will probably benefit most from medication besides lifestyle modification. There are various types, doses, routes and regimens of medication which need to be appropriately matched with the proper women's characteristics. Those who have contraindications to HRT or can not tolerate its side effects may choose other alternatives eg, selective estrogen receptor modulators, bisphosphonates, calcitonin or calcium and vitamin D. The success of menopausal therapy is to give an appropriate therapeutic option to the right woman. The future direction of research will remain focussing on the development in diagnosis and menopausal therapy particularly the main three areas of health promotion, disease prevention and treatment. The trend of research and development will probably be concentrated on new pharmaceutical agents with more specific action and high selectivity in an attempt to maximize its efficacy and safety. Attention may be paid more on the convenience of drug administration to increase its compliance. Alternative medicine and appropriated technologies are also the fields of special interest of which research is underway.
‘Look, I have my ears open’: Resilience and early school experiences among children in an economically deprived suburban area in Ireland

Children from economically disadvantaged communities frequently lack the socio-emotional, cognitive and behavioural skills needed for successful early school adjustment. Assessments of early school experience often rely on parent and teacher perspectives, yet children’s views are essential to design effective, resilience-promoting school ecologies. This mixed methods study explored children’s appraisals of potential stressors in the first school year with 25 children from a disadvantaged suburban community in Ireland. School scenarios were presented pictorially (Pictorial Measure of School Stress and Wellbeing, or PMSSW), to elicit children’s perspectives on social ecological factors that enable or constrain resilience. Salient positive factors included resource provision, such as food, toys and books; school activities and routines, including play; and relationships with teachers. Negative factors included bullying; difficulties engaging with peers; and using the toilet. Drawing on these factors, we indicate how school psychologists can develop resilience-fostering educational environments for children in vulnerable communities.
S1 Constrains S4 in the Voltage Sensor Domain of Kv7.1 K+ Channels

Voltage-gated K+ channels comprise a central pore enclosed by four voltage-sensing domains (VSDs). While movement of the S4 helix is known to couple to channel gate opening and closing, the nature of S4 motion is unclear. Here, we substituted S4 residues of Kv7.1 channels by cysteine and recorded whole-cell mutant channel currents in Xenopus oocytes using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. In the closed state, disulfide and metal bridges constrain residue S225 (S4) nearby C136 (S1) within the same VSD. In the open state, two neighboring I227 (S4) are constrained at proximity while residue R228 (S4) is confined close to C136 (S1) of an adjacent VSD. Structural modeling predicts that in the closed to open transition, an axial rotation (∼190°) and outward translation of S4 (∼12 Å) is accompanied by VSD rocking. This large sensor motion changes the intra-VSD S1–S4 interaction to an inter-VSD S1–S4 interaction. These constraints provide a ground for cooperative subunit interactions and suggest a key role of the S1 segment in steering S4 motion during Kv7.1 gating.
Using Foreign Inclusion Detection to Improve Parsing Performance

Inclusions from other languages can be a significant source of errors for monolingual parsers. We show this for English inclusions, which are sufficiently frequent to present a problem when parsing German. We describe an annotation-free approach for accurately detecting such inclusions, and develop two methods for interfacing this approach with a state-of-the-art parser for German. An evaluation on the TIGER corpus shows that our inclusion entity model achieves a performance gain of 4.3 points in F-score over a baseline of no inclusion detection, and even outperforms a parser with access to gold standard part-of-speech tags.
Geospatial data and server on USB

Individuals along the Gulf of Mexico search for information to make decisions during hurricane preparation or evacuations. Some data that is necessary for decision making is static in content, but must be harvested from the web. If a web connection is not available, then the individual is unable to acquire key information such as evacuation routes, contact numbers, home preparedness, and other decision driven information. The geographic extent of such information often spans from a regional to state area. A "Portable Gulf of Mexico Geospatial Data Solution" was developed for NASA John C. Stennis Space Center (NASA SSC) which provided static maps, contact information, and hurricane preparedness plans. This portable system was designed to be produced on 500 USB drives and distributed to the employees of NASA SSC. Results will show the methods of data sharing and the ontologies of the user's interaction with Gulf of Mexico through the portable solution and the online solution at http://www.gulfstorm. org.
Both Vegetative and Reproductive Actin Isovariants Complement the Stunted Root Hair Phenotype of the Arabidopsisact2-1 Mutation1

The ACT2 gene, encoding one of eight actin isovariants in Arabidopsis, is the most strongly expressed actin gene in vegetative tissues. A search was conducted for physical defects inact2-1 mutant plants to account for their reduced fitness compared with wild type in population studies. Theact2-1 insertion fully disrupted expression ofACT2 RNA and significantly lowered the level of total actin protein in vegetative organs. The root hairs of theact2-1 mutants were 10% to 70% the length of wild-type root hairs, and they bulged severely at the base. The length of the mutant root hairs and degree of bulging at the base were affected by adjusting the osmolarity and gelling agent of the growth medium. Theact2-1 mutant phenotypes were fully rescued by anACT2 genomic transgene. When the act2-1mutation was combined with another vegetative actin mutation,act7-1, the resulting double mutant exhibited extensive synergistic phenotypes ranging from developmental lethality to severe dwarfism. Transgenic overexpression of the ACT7 vegetative isovariant and ectopic expression of the ACT1 reproductive actin isovariant also rescued the root hair elongation defects of the act2-1mutant. These results suggest normal ACT2 gene regulation is essential to proper root hair elongation and that even minor differences may cause root defects. However, differences in the actin protein isovariant are not significant to root hair elongation, in sharp contrast to recent reports on the functional nonequivalency of plant actin isovariants. Impairment of root hair functions such as nutrient mining, water uptake, and physical anchoring are the likely cause of the reduced fitness seen for act2-1 mutants in multigenerational studies.