Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partial characterization of a protease inhibitor which inhibits the major endopeptidase present in the cotyledons of mung beans.

Germination of mung beans (Phaseolus aureus, Roxb.) is accompanied by an increase in the activity of the endopeptidase involved in storage protein metabolism. Enzyme activity in the cotyledons increases 25-fold during the first 5 days of germination. The cotyledons also contain inhibitory activity against the endopeptidase, and this inhibitory activity declines during germination, suggesting that inhibitors may play a role in regulating the activity of the endopeptidase.The inhibitory activity against the mung bean endopeptidase is due to the presence of two inhibitors which can be separated by chromatography on Sephadex G-100. The two inhibitors have approximate molecular weights of 12,000 and smaller than 2,000 daltons. The large inhibitor coelutes with trypsin inhibitor on Sephadex G-100, but these two inhibitory activities can be separated by means of a trypsin affinity column.The inhibitory activity disappears slowly from crude extracts incubated at 6 C and more rapidly when the extracts are incubated at 25 C or 37 C. The disappearance of inhibitory activity is accompanied by a rise of the endopeptidase activity, but an examination of the kinetics of these two phenomena suggests that they are not causally related. Fractionation of the cellular organelles on sucrose gradients shows that the inhibitory activity is not associated with the protein bodies, but rather with the cytosol. Our results suggest that the endopeptidase inhibitor(s) does not regulate the increase in endopeptidase activity which accompanies germination or the metabolism of storage protein. We, therefore, postulate that the inhibitor(s) may function in protecting the cytoplasm from accidental rupturing of the protease-containing protein bodies.
Friction compensation for an industrial hydraulic robot

A model based friction compensation scheme using a novel dynamical friction model was implemented on an industrial Schilling Titan II hydraulic robot. Off-line estimation of parameters was carried out, using the results of two kinds of experiments. These experiments were done independently at each joint. A nonlinear PI type controller was used in the inner torque loop to improve its performance. The complete control scheme has shown to substantially improve the position precision in regulation and tracking. Higher precision applications can be performed by the hydraulic robot with this controller.
Our Only Star and Compass: Locke and the Struggle for Political Rationality

Chapter 1 Preface Chapter 2 Introduction: Locke, Liberalism, and Political Rationality Chapter 3 The Question of the Foundation Chapter 4 Natural Science and Natural History Chapter 5 Natural History and the State of Nature Chapter 6 Nature and the Rational Pursuit of Happiness Chapter 7 Locke's Constitutional Design Chapter 8 Conclusion Chapter 9 Bibliography Chapter 10 Index
A Short Communication on Sequential and Structural Information`s of Human Galanin Receptors using in Silico Methods

Gal (1-3) receptors are members of GPCR superfamily with seven transmembrane helices. The neuropeptide galanin mediates its effects through the receptor subtypes Gal1, Gal2, and Gal3 and has been implicated in anxiety and depression related behaviors. Galanin receptors are considered to be important targets for the development of novel antidepressant drugs. Owing to the importance of these receptors, a short communication about the sequential and structural studies about the functional Galanin (1-3) receptors has been reported. Structural studies have been hampered due to the lack of X-ray crystal structures. However with the availability of templates with close homologs comparative modeling could be encouraging. Sequence analysis was done for each receptors and homology modeling of each receptors were done with recently reported templates. Comparative analyses were done between these receptors to identify the relationships between them sequentially. Phylogram was generated between these receptors to identify the close homologue between this receptor and found that Gal2 and Gal3 receptors are closer. Our results could be useful for further structure based drug design targeting Gal1, Gal2 and Gal3 receptors.
User Awareness Detection in the Room with Multiple Sensor Device

It is difficult to get awareness of user’s context from sensors such kind of video cameras, RFID-Tags, GPS, PC-monitoring and another ubiquitous devices. On the other hand, it is difficult to understanding what information is got in computers for user. We are in the network-age since 1995. We use PC, smart phone, iPad and other digital gadget which are connected to the Internet every time anywhere. For keeping safety, there are many monitoring video cameras in public and private space. Of course, the privacy policy is kept ones privacy. On the other hand, we are in defragmented by the Network. We use many communication tools to contact business person, family, friend and another person. Theses communication tools are e-mail, twitter, blog, messenger, SNS and another communication tools in the Internet. We can not feel the person’s awareness in real time with such kind of digital communication tools. This kind of communication gap makes loneliness of home worker. In this paper, we show the concept of the sharing users’ awareness between fragmented people on the Internet and show how to get user awareness from multiple sensor devices.
Reduced grazing rates in Daphnia pulex caused by contaminants: Implications for trophic cascades

Ecotoxicological endpoints based on behavioral traits (e.g., predator avoidance, feeding, and locomotion) may be more sensitive and give more insights into patterns of sublethal toxicity than survivorship tests. In this study, the density‐dependent grazing rate of Daphnia pulex pre‐exposed to p,p′‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) (insecticide metabolite) and glyphosate (herbicide), via water or a vector, Scenedesmus spp. , was assayed in laboratory experiments. The phytoplankton biomass was estimated from the chlorophyll content, and the pesticide uptake and turnover pattern in Daphnia and Scenedesmus were determined from parallel experiments with a radiolabeled source. Scenedesmus spp. relative net growth rate was inversely and linearly related to the density of the grazer. Daphnia pulex exhibited significant reductions in grazing rate: 30% for those pre‐exposed to p,p′‐DDE via water and 40% for D. pulex pre‐exposed to glyphosate via Scenedesmus spp. Through the process of trophic cascading, this impaired grazing allowed Scenedesmus spp. to grow at higher rates, 70 and 60%, respectively. The reduced grazing efficiencies were associated with the treatments that gave the highest body burden of p, p‐DDE (70 μg/g dry wt) and the lowest of glyphosate (13 mg/g dry wt). The pattern of results suggests a toxic effect of p,p′‐DDE on D. pulex and a growth enhancement of Scenedesmus spp, in response to nitrogen and phosphorus in glyphosate excreted by D. pulex.
Increased fractional anisotropy in cerebellum in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Background Previous morphology and diffusion-imaging studies have suggested that structural changes in white matter is an important part of the pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, different methodological approaches and the heterogeneity of patient samples question the validity of the findings. Materials and methods In total, 30 patients were matched for age and sex with 30 healthy controls. All participants underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging and T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. Voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics were used to compare white matter volumes and diffusion tensor imaging between groups. These data were analysed correcting for the effects of multiple comparisons, age, sex, severity and duration of illness as nuisance covariates. White matter hyperintensities were manually identified. Results Increase in fractional anisotropy in cerebellum was the most prominent result. A decrease in fractional anisotrophy in patients comparable with previous studies was located in forceps minor. There were no differences in the white matter morphology or in the white matter hyperintensities between patients and healthy controls. Conclusion Decrease in fractional anisotrophy in forceps minor and increase in cerebellum were found, and they were not due to neither white matter hyperintensities nor morphology of the white matter. Cerebellar hyperconnectivity could be an important part of OCD pathophysiology.
The estimation of the effect of public expenditure on household welfare when revisiting Aschauer

In this paper, I estimate the effect of public expenditure on the household welfare in context of Aschauer (1985) by considering the substitution effect of public expenditure for private expenditure. The estimation is not trivial in that the specification is not linear in parameters. In this paper I found Aschauer’s estimation method is stronger than what his theory requires to be. Instead of MLE which requires additional assumption, I propose to use alternative methods including nonlinear estimation, method of moments and integrated conditional moment. Moreover I perform the specification test using ICM test for each proposed estimation method.
Membrane Topology of the NixA Nickel Transporter ofHelicobacter pylori: Two Nickel Transport-Specific Motifs within Transmembrane Helices II and III

ABSTRACT NixA, the high-affinity cytoplasmic membrane nickel transport protein of Helicobacter pylori, imports Ni2+into the cell for insertion into the active site of the urease metalloenzyme, which is required for gastric colonization. NixA fractionates with the cytoplasmic membrane, and protein cross-linking studies suggest that NixA functions as a monomer. A preliminary topological model of NixA with seven transmembrane domains was previously proposed based on hydropathy, charge dispersion, and homology to other transporters. To test the proposed topology of NixA and relate critical residues to specific structural elements, a series of 21 NixA-LacZ and 21 NixA-PhoA fusions were created along the entire length of the protein. Expression of reporter fusions was confirmed by Western blotting with β-galactosidase- and alkaline phosphatase-specific antisera. The activities of reporter fusions near to and upstream of the predicted translational initiation demonstrated the presence of an additional amino-terminal transmembrane domain including a membrane localization signal. Activities of fusions immediately adjacent to motifs which have been shown to be requisite for Ni2+ transport localized these motifs entirely within transmembrane domains II and III. Fusion activities localized six additional Asp and Glu residues which reduced Ni2+transport by >90% when mutated within or immediately adjacent to transmembrane domains II, V, VI, and VII. All fusions strongly support a model of NixA in which the amino and carboxy termini are located in the cytoplasm and the protein possesses eight transmembrane domains.
Tonic Facilitation of Glutamate Release by Presynaptic NR2B-Containing NMDA Receptors Is Increased in the Entorhinal Cortex of Chronically Epileptic Rats

We have shown previously that when postsynaptic NMDA receptors are blocked, the frequency, but not amplitude, of spontaneous EPSCs (sEPSCs) at synapses in the entorhinal cortex is reduced by NMDA receptor antagonists, demonstrating that glutamate release is tonically facilitated by presynaptic NMDA autoreceptors. In the present study, we recorded sEPSCs using whole-cell voltage clamp in neurons in layer V in slices of the rat entorhinal cortex. Using specific antagonists for NR2A [(R)-[(S)-1-(4-bromo-phenyl)-ethylamino]-(2,3-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalin-5-yl)-methyl]-phosphonic acid] and NR2B [(αR, βS)-α-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-β-methyl-4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperidinepropanol hydrochloride (Ro 25-6981)] subunit-containing receptors, we confirmed that in slices from juvenile rats (4–6 weeks of age), the autoreceptor is predominantly of the NR1–NR2B subtype. In older (4–6 months of age) control animals, the effect of the NR2B antagonist was less marked, suggesting a decline in autoreceptor function with development. In slices from rats (aged 4–6 months) exhibiting spontaneous recurrent seizures induced with a lithium-pilocarpine protocol, Ro 25-6981 again robustly reduced sEPSC frequency. The effect was equal to or greater than that seen in the juvenile slices and much more pronounced than that seen in the age-matched control animals. In all three groups, the NR2A antagonist was without effect on sEPSCs. These results suggest that there is a developmental decrease in NMDA autoreceptor function, which is reversed in a chronic epileptic condition. The enhanced autoreceptor function may contribute to seizure susceptibility and epileptogenesis in temporal lobe structures.
Analysis of a large-scale weighted network of one-to-one human communication

We construct a connected network of 3.9 million nodes from mobile phone call records, which can be regarded as a proxy for the underlying human communication network at the societal level. We assign two weights on each edge to reflect the strength of social interaction, which are the aggregate call duration and the cumulative number of calls placed between the individuals over a period of 18 weeks. We present a detailed analysis of this weighted network by examining its degree, strength, and weight distributions, as well as its topological assortativity and weighted assortativity, clustering and weighted clustering, together with correlations between these quantities. We give an account of motif intensity and coherence distributions and compare them to a randomized reference system. We also use the concept of link overlap to measure the number of common neighbours any two adjacent nodes have, which serves as a useful local measure for identifying the interconnectedness of communities. We report a positive correlation between the overlap and weight of a link, thus providing strong quantitative evidence for the weak ties hypothesis, a central concept in social network analysis. The percolation properties of the network are found to depend on the type and order of removed links, and they can help understand how the local structure of the network manifests itself at the global level. We hope that our results will contribute to modelling weighted large-scale social networks, and believe that the systematic approach followed here can be adopted to study other weighted networks.
The Advanced Computing Systems Association Why Does File System Prefetching Work? Why Does Le System Prefetching Work?

Most le systems attempt to predict which disk blocks will be needed in the near future and prefetch them into memoryy this technique can improve a p-plication throughput as much as 50%. But why? The reasons include that the disk cache comes into play, the device driver amortizes the xed cost of an I/O operation over a larger amount of data, total disk seek time can be decreased, and that programs can overlap computation and I/O. However, intuition does not tell us the relative beneet of each o f these causes, or techniques for increasing the eeec-tiveness of prefetching. To answer these questions, we constructed an analytic performance model for le system reads. The model is based on a 4.4BSD-derived le system, and parameterized by the access patterns of the les, layout of les on disk, and the design characteristics of the le system and of the underlying disk. We t h e n v alidated the model against several simple workloadss the predictions of our model were typically within 4% of measured values, and diiered at most by 9% from measured values. Using the model and experiments, we explain why and when prefetching works, and make proposals for how to tune le system and disk parameters to improve overall system throughput.
A Comparison of Two Different Post-democratic Theories

The thesis deals with two different conceptions of post-democracy. Crouch (2004) sees post-democracy in the UK as the hollowing out of the state by economic interests while Baumier (2007) views post-democracy in France as the citizenry subjugated to illusions propagated by the Left.
CPC: assess the protein-coding potential of transcripts using sequence features and support vector machine

Recent transcriptome studies have revealed that a large number of transcripts in mammals and other organisms do not encode proteins but function as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) instead. As millions of transcripts are generated by large-scale cDNA and EST sequencing projects every year, there is a need for automatic methods to distinguish protein-coding RNAs from noncoding RNAs accurately and quickly. We developed a support vector machine-based classifier, named Coding Potential Calculator (CPC), to assess the protein-coding potential of a transcript based on six biologically meaningful sequence features. Tenfold cross-validation on the training dataset and further testing on several large datasets showed that CPC can discriminate coding from noncoding transcripts with high accuracy. Furthermore, CPC also runs an order-of-magnitude faster than a previous state-of-the-art tool and has higher accuracy. We developed a user-friendly web-based interface of CPC at http://cpc.cbi. pku.edu. cn. In addition to predicting the coding potential of the input transcripts, the CPC web server also graphically displays detailed sequence features and additional annotations of the transcript that may facilitate users’ further investigation.
An efficient high frequency method to compute electromagnetic scattering of large 3D target on rough surface

Physical optics, shooting bouncing ray method and image theory are combined to rapidly compute the electromagnetic scattering from electrically large three-dimensional target on a dielectric rough surface where the reflection from the rough surface is modified by a roughness coefficient. In this hybrid approach, only the target is modeled. The proposed method can achieve good accuracy with very little computation resources for the composite scattering problem.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Carnosine on Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Amyloid Pathology, and Cognitive Deficits in 3xTg-AD Mice

Background The pathogenic road map leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still not completely understood; however, a large body of studies in the last few years supports the idea that beside the classic hallmarks of the disease, namely the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles, other factors significantly contribute to the initiation and the progression of the disease. Among them, mitochondria failure, an unbalanced neuronal redox state, and the dyshomeostasis of endogenous metals like copper, iron, and zinc have all been reported to play an important role in exacerbating AD pathology. Given these factors, the endogenous peptide carnosine may be potentially beneficial in the treatment of AD because of its free-radical scavenger and metal chelating properties. Methodology In this study, we explored the effect of L-carnosine supplementation in the 3xTg-AD mouse, an animal model of AD that shows both Aβ- and tau-dependent pathology. Principal Findings We found that carnosine supplementation in 3xTg-AD mice promotes a strong reduction in the hippocampal intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ and completely rescues AD and aging-related mitochondrial dysfunctions. No effects were found on tau pathology and we only observed a trend toward the amelioration of cognitive deficits. Conclusions and Significance Our data indicate that carnosine can be part of a combined therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD.
Depth Extraction from Videos Using Geometric Context and Occlusion Boundaries

We present an algorithm to estimate depth in dynamic video scenes. We propose to learn and infer depth in videos from appearance, motion, occlusion boundaries, and geometric context of the scene. Using our method, depth can be estimated from unconstrained videos with no requirement of camera pose estimation, and with significant background/foreground motions. We start by decomposing a video into spatio-temporal regions. For each spatio-temporal region, we learn the relationship of depth to visual appearance, motion, and geometric classes. Then we infer the depth information of new scenes using piecewise planar parametrization estimated within a Markov random field (MRF) framework by combining appearance to depth learned mappings and occlusion boundary guided smoothness constraints. Subsequently, we perform temporal smoothing to obtain temporally consistent depth maps. To evaluate our depth estimation algorithm, we provide a novel dataset with ground truth depth for outdoor video scenes. We present a thorough evaluation of our algorithm on our new dataset and the publicly available Make3d static image dataset.
Run-Time Adaptive Workload Estimation for Dynamic Voltage Scaling

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is a popular energy-saving technique for real-time tasks. The effectiveness of DVS critically depends on the accuracy of workload estimation, since DVS exploits the slack or the difference between the deadline and execution time. Many existing DVS techniques are profile based and simply utilize the worst-case or average execution time without estimation. Several recent approaches recognize the importance of workload estimation and adopt statistical estimation techniques. However, these approaches still require extensive profiling to extract reliable workload statistics and furthermore cannot effectively handle time-varying workloads. Feedback-control-based adaptive algorithms have been proposed to handle such nonstationary workloads, but their results are often too sensitive to parameter selection. To overcome these limitations of existing approaches, we propose a novel workload estimation technique for DVS. This technique is based on the Kalman filter and can estimate the processing time of workloads in a robust and accurate manner by adaptively calibrating estimation error by feedback. We tested the proposed method with workloads of various characteristics extracted from eight MPEG video clips. To thoroughly evaluate the performance of our approach, we used both a cycle-accurate simulator and an XScale-based test board. Our simulation result demonstrates that the proposed technique outperforms the compared alternatives with respect to the ability to meet given timing and Quality of Service constraints. Furthermore, we found that the accuracy of our approach is almost comparable to the oracle accuracy achievable only by offline analysis. Experimental results indicate that using our approach can reduce energy consumption by 57.5% on average, only with negligible deadline miss ratio (DMR) around 6.1%. Moreover, the average of computational overheads for the proposed technique is just 0.3%, which is the minimum value compared to other methods. More importantly, the DMR of our method is bounded by 11.7% in the worst case, while those of other methods are twice or more than ours.