Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Separation of irradiance and reflectance from observed color images by logarithmical nonlinear diffusion process

The Retinex theory was first proposed by Land, and deals with separation of irradiance from reflectance in an observed image. The separation problem is an ill-posed problem. Land and others proposed various Retinex separation algorithms. Recently, Kimmel and others proposed a variational framework that unifies the previous Retinex algorithms such as the Poisson-equation-type Retinex algorithms developed by Horn and others, and presented a Retinex separation algorithm with the time-evolution of a linear diffusion process. However, the Kimmel's separation algorithm cannot achieve physically rational separation, if true irradiance varies among color channels. To cope with this problem, we introduce a nonlinear diffusion process into the time-evolution. Moreover, as to its extension to color images, we present two approaches to treat color channels: the independent approach to treat each color channel separately and the collective approach to treat all color channels collectively. The latter approach outperforms the former. Furthermore, we apply our separation algorithm to a high quality chroma key in which before combining a foreground frame and a background frame into an output image a color of each pixel in the foreground frame are spatially adaptively corrected through transformation of the separated irradiance. Experiments demonstrate superiority of our separation algorithm over the Kimmel's separation algorithm.
Evaluation of third-generation assays for detection of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and comparison with presence of HCV RNA in blood donors reactive to c100-3 antigen

We tested serum samples from blood donors by using first-, second-, and third-generation enzyme immunoassays or recombinant immunoblot assays. Second- and third-generation assays gave comparable results. Circulating hepatitis C virus RNA was found in a high proportion of reactive samples. A lack of reactivity or low-level reactivity predicted the absence of hepatitis C virus RNA in 100% of the cases.
Peptidoglycan types of bacterial cell walls and their taxonomic implications

INTRODUCTION.407 DIFFERENT PRIMARY STRUCTURES OF THE PEPTIDOGLYCAN.408 General Structures 8 Glycan strands . 408 Peptide moiety . 409 Determination of the Amino AcidSequence. 409 Enzymatic procedure 409 Chemical method . 410 Rapid screening method . 414 Variation of the PeptideMoiety. 414 Variation of the peptidesubunit. 414 Variation of the mode of cross-linkage 416 Summary of the New Classification System of Peptidoglycans.423 Stability ofPeptidoglycan Structure Under Different Conditions of Growth. 424 Summary. 425 PROPOSAL FOR A CONCISE SYSTEM FOR CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN TYPES.426 Peptidoglycan Group A.426 SubgroupAl. 426 Subgroup A2. Subgroup A3 426 Subgroup A4 Peptidoglycan Group B.4 CORRELATION BETWEEN PEPTIDOGLYCAN TYPES AND TAXONOMIC GROUPING OF BACTERIA.427 Gram-Negative.Bacteria. 4 Gram-Positive Bacteria 8 Family Micrococcaceae.42 Family Lactobacillaceae 35 Family Bacillaceae 44 Family Corynebacteriaceae.4 6 Family Propionibacteriaceae . 453 Order Actinomycetales 53 Actinomycetales of uncertain taxonomic position.456 Order Caryophanales.4 7 Order Spirochaetales 5 Order Myxobacteriales. 458 FINAL REMARKS.4 8 Taxonomic Implications of Other Cell Wall Polymers.458 Lipopolysaccharides. 5 Polysaccharides 4 9 Teichoic acids. Teichuronic acids 5 Lipids.4 9 Taxonomic Relevance and Evolutionary Trends of Peptidoglycan Structure . 460 LITERATURE CITED.462
Nitrogenase MoFe-Protein at 1.16 Å Resolution: A Central Ligand in the FeMo-Cofactor

A high-resolution crystallographic analysis of the nitrogenase MoFe-protein reveals a previously unrecognized ligand coordinated to six iron atoms in the center of the catalytically essential FeMo-cofactor. The electron density for this ligand is masked in structures with resolutions lower than 1.55 angstroms, owing to Fourier series termination ripples from the surrounding iron and sulfur atoms in the cofactor. The central atom completes an approximate tetrahedral coordination for the six iron atoms, instead of the trigonal coordination proposed on the basis of lower resolution structures. The crystallographic refinement at 1.16 angstrom resolution is consistent with this newly detected component being a light element, most plausibly nitrogen. The presence of a nitrogen atom in the cofactor would have important implications for the mechanism of dinitrogen reduction by nitrogenase.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spirocyclopropanes under Mild Conditions via Formal [2 + 1] Cycloadditions Using 2,3-Dioxo-4-benzylidene-pyrrolidines

A highly diastereoselective cyclopropanation of cyclic enones with sulfur ylides was developed under catalyst-free conditions, producing multifunctional spirocyclopropanes in generally excellent yields (up to 99% yield and >99:1 d.r.). The asymmetric version of this method was realized by using an easily available chiral sulfur ylide, affording products with moderate to good stereoselectivity.
Modified Motor Assessment Scale.

To the Editor: We wish to draw your attention to a recent article by Loewen and Anderson, “Reliability of the Modified Motor Assessment Scale and the Barthel Index ” ( Physical Therapy , July 1988, pages 1077–1081). In this article, the authors state that the Modified Motor Assessment Scale (MMAS) is a modification of the Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) described by Carr et al. It should be made clear, however, that not only did we describe the scale, but we also in fact designed it and tested it for reliability, publishing both the scale and our findings in your journal.1 Loewen and Anderson state that their modifications increase the assessment's sensitivity to changes in patient status. This of course is an empirical question. … [ ARTICLE][1] [ ARTICLE][2] [1]: /lookup/volpage/68/1077? iss=7 [2]: /lookup/volpage/65/175? iss=2
Anti-Heat Shock Protein 90 is Increased in Acute Mania

Objective: The aim of this work was to examine autoantibodies in patients with bipolar disorder. Method: We enrolled 94 patients with acute bipolar mania, with 37 of them medicated and 57 unmedicated at the time of blood sampling. The samples also consisted of 44 patients in the remission state and another 48 normal controls. We first used human glioblastoma (U373 MG) cell lysate to screen the potential autoantibodies present in sera of bipolar mania patients, and anti-heat shock protein (anti-HSP) 60, 70 and 90 autoantibodies were identified. We then examined the serum levels of these autoantibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The findings of this study showed that serum anti-HSP90 level was significantly higher in bipolar patients in acute mania than those in remission (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The data of this study suggest that increased anti-HSP90 might be a state marker for acute mania in patients with bipolar disorder.
Evaluation of language identification methods using 285 languages

Language identiﬁcation is the task of giving a language label to a text. It is an important preprocessing step in many automatic systems operating with written text. In this paper, we present the evaluation of seven language identiﬁcation methods that was done in tests between 285 languages with an out-of-domain test set. The evaluated methods are, furthermore, described using uniﬁed notation. We show that a method performing well with a small number of languages does not necessarily scale to a large number of languages. The HeLI method performs best on test lengths of over 25 characters, obtaining an F 1 -score of 99.5 already at 60 characters.
Gaps and barriers in the control of blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes

Background: Glycaemic control is suboptimal in a large proportion of people with type 2 diabetes who are consequently at an increased and avoidable risk of potentially severe complications. We sought to explore attitudes and practices among healthcare professionals that may contribute to suboptimal glycaemic control through a review of recent relevant publications in the scientific literature. Methods: An electronic search of the PubMed database was performed to identify relevant publications from January 2011 to July 2015. The electronic search was complemented by a manual search of abstracts from key diabetes conferences in 2014/2015 available online. Results: Recently published data indicate that glycaemic control is suboptimal in a substantial proportion (typically 40%–60%) of people with diabetes. This is the case across geographic regions and in both low- and higher-income countries. Therapeutic inertia appears to be an important contributor to poor glycaemic control in up to half of people with type 2 diabetes. In particular, prescribers are often willing to tolerate extended periods of ‘mild’ hyperglycaemia as well as having low expectations for their patients. There are often delays of 3 years or longer in initiating or intensifying glucose-lowering therapy when needed. Conclusion: Many people with type 2 diabetes are failed by current management, with approximately half not achieving or maintaining appropriate target blood glucose levels, leaving these patients at increased and avoidable risk of serious complications. Review criteria: The methodology of this review article is detailed in the ‘Methods’ section.
The U2AF homology motif kinase 1 (UHMK1) is upregulated upon hematopoietic cell differentiation

UHMK1 (KIS) is a nuclear serine/threonine kinase that possesses a U2AF homology motif and phosphorylates and regulates the activity of the splicing factors SF1 and SF3b155. Mutations in these components of the spliceosome machinery have been recently implicated in leukemogenesis. The fact that UHMK1 regulates these factors suggests that UHMK1 might be involved in RNA processing and perhaps leukemogenesis. Here we analyzed UHMK1 expression in normal hematopoietic and leukemic cells as well as its function in leukemia cell line. In the normal hematopoietic compartment, markedly higher levels of transcripts were observed in differentiated lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+) compared to the progenitor enriched subpopulation (CD34+) or leukemia cell lines. UHMK1 expression was upregulated in megakaryocytic-, monocytic-and granulocytic-induced differentiation of established leukemia cell lines and in erythrocytic-induced differentiation of CD34+ cells. No aberrant expression was observed in patient samples of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid (AML) or lymphoblastic (ALL) leukemia. Nonetheless, in MDS patients, increased levels of UHMK1 expression positively impacted event free and overall survival. Lentivirus mediated UHMK1 knockdown did not affect proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis or migration of U937 leukemia cells, although UHMK1 silencing strikingly increased clonogenicity of these cells. Thus, our results suggest that UHMK1 plays a role in hematopoietic cell differentiation and suppression of autonomous clonal growth of leukemia cells.
A Phenomenological Analysis of the Experience of Receiving a Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD in Adulthood

Objectives: The objectives are to explore the experience of living with a person who has undergone a process of diagnosis in his or her adult years and to examine, from the partner's perspective, how diagnosis and treatment with medication affects the ADHD patients' understanding of themselves, their behavior, and their relationships with others. Method: Participants were the partners of eight patients who had been diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood. Semistructured interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed according to interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Three master themes emerged from the analysis: perceptions of inadequacy of the ADHD partner, emotional impact of diagnosis, and medication not a panacea. Conclusion: Results indicate a need for psychological treatment to be provided to clients following diagnosis. Information leaflets for partners will also help partners' ability to facilitate their own knowledge and understanding, which in turn will help them better support their AD/HD partners. (J. of Att. Dis. 2009; 12(4) 299-307)
Inhibitors in childhood hemophilia A: Genetic and treatment‐related risk factors for development and eradication

The development of neutralizing antibodies remains a serious complication of hemophilia replacement therapy. Factor VIII inhibiting antibodies (inhibitors) occur commonly following replacement therapy in hemophilia A, creating a significant burden of clinical disease. This article will review our current understanding of risk factors and their known impact on inhibitor development in previously untreated or minimally treated children with severe and mild hemophilia A. It will also explore how the most recently elucidated immunology of inhibitor development might hold important clues to more effective inhibitor eradication and prevention in this heavily impacted patient population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 60: S30–S33. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of glycemic index/load on glycemic response, appetite, and food intake in healthy humans.

OBJECTIVE High glycemic index (GI)/load (GL) diets reportedly enhance appetite and promote positive energy balance. Support for this hypothesis stems largely from acute feeding trials and longer-term studies lacking control over the macronutrient composition and palatability of test foods. This study evaluated the effects of consuming high- and low-GI/GL meals, matched on macronutrient composition and palatability, plasma glucose and insulin, appetite, and food intake. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-nine healthy adults consumed only low- or only high-GI foods ad libitum in the laboratory for 8 days in either high (three foods per meal)- or low (one food per meal)-variety conditions. Glucose and insulin concentrations as well as appetitive sensations were determined before and for 2 h following breakfast and lunch on days 1 and 8. Energy intake was monitored daily. RESULTS There were no significant differences in plasma glucose or insulin responses, appetitive ratings, or food intake between treatments. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the differential glycemic response of foods tested in isolation under fixed time are not preserved under conditions of chronic ad libitum consumption of mixed meals.
Enhanced ethernet congestion management scheme for multicast traffic

The Quantized Congestion Notification (QCN) is a Layer 2 congestion control scheme for Carrier Ethernet data center networks. The QCN has been standardised as an IEEE 802.1Qau Ethernet Congestion Notification standard. This paper report a results of a QCN study with multicast traffic and proposes an enhancement to the QCN. In fact, in order to be able to scale up, the feedback implosion problem has to be solved. Therefore, we resorted to the representative technique, which uses a selected congestion point (i.e. the overloaded queue in a switch), to provide timely and accurate feedback on behalf of the congested switches in the path of multicast traffic. This paper evaluates the rate variation, the feedback overhead, the loss rate, the stability, the fairness and the scalability performance of the standard QCN with multicast traffic and the enhanced QCN for multicast traffic. This paper also compares their performance criteria. The evaluation results show that the enhanced proposition of the QCN for multicast traffic gives better results than the standard QCN with multicast traffic. Indeed, the feedback implosion problem is settled by decreasing remarkably the feedback rate. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effective Solving of the Tasks from NP by a Quantum Computer

The new model of quantum computation is proposed, for which an effective algorithm of solving any task in NP is described. The work is based and inspired be the Grover's algorithm for solving NP-tasks with quadratic speedup compared to the classical computation model. The provided model and algorithm exhibit the exponential speedup over that described by Grover.
Non-overlapping and non-cell-type-specific gene expression signatures predict lung cancer survival.

PURPOSE Gene expression profiling for outcome prediction of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains clouded by heterogeneous and unvalidated results. This study applied multivariate approaches to identify and evaluate value-added gene expression signatures in two types of NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two NSCLC oligonucleotide microarray data sets of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were used as training sets to select prognostic genes independent of conventional predictors. The top 50 genes from each set were used to predict the outcomes of two independent validation data sets of 84 and 91 NSCLC cases. RESULTS Adenocarcinomas with the 50-gene signature from adenocarcinoma in both validation data sets had a 2.4-fold (95% CI, 1.3 to 4.4 and 1.0 to 5.8) increased mortality after adjustment for conventional predictors. Squamous cell carcinoma with this high-risk signature had an adjusted risk of 1.1 (95% CI, 0.4 to 3.2) in one data set and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.1 to 5.8) in another consisting of stage I tumors. Adenocarcinoma with the 50-gene signature from squamous cell carcinoma had an elevated risk of 3.5 (95% CI, 1.4 to 9.0) after adjustment for conventional predictors. Squamous cell carcinoma with this high risk signature had an adjusted risk of 1.8 (95% CI, 0.7 to 4.6). Despite the little overlap in individual genes, the two gene signatures had significant functional connectedness in molecular pathways. CONCLUSION Two non-overlapping but functionally related gene expression signatures provide consistently improved survival prediction for NSCLC regardless of histologic cell type. Multiple sets of genes may exist for NSCLC with predictive value, but ones with independent predictive value beyond clinical predictors will be required for clinical translation.
Code Reuse Attack Mitigation Based on Function Randomization without Symbol Table

Address space randomization is an attractive way to counter against code-reuse attack. However, traditional Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) just randomizes the base address of a binary, whose relative address is not changed. So attackers can still use the fixed relative address to construct gadgets needed by code-reuse attack through information leakage. Although many fine-grained randomization approaches have been proposed recently, most of them rely on additional information, such as source code and symbol table. To overcome these limitations, we propose a function-level randomization approach, called Bin-FR, which performs function permutation and NOP instruction insertion randomly between functions without the support of symbol table through binary rewriting. Bin-FR is a fine-grained randomization approach, which increases the difficulty for attackers to predict the space layout of running binaries. Finally, we have implemented Bin-FR based on the disassembly tool Capstone on x86 64 64-bit version of Kali. Its experimental results show that Bin-FR can identify functions accurately and counter against code-reuse attack effectively, moreover, the runtime overhead of Bin-FR is negligible.
Measuring skin temperature before, during and after exercise: a comparison of thermocouples and infrared thermography

Measuring skin temperature (TSK) provides important information about the complex thermal control system and could be interesting when carrying out studies about thermoregulation. The most common method to record TSK involves thermocouples at specific locations; however, the use of infrared thermal imaging (IRT) has increased. The two methods use different physical processes to measure TSK, and each has advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the mean skin temperature (MTSK) measurements using thermocouples and IRT in three different situations: pre-exercise, exercise and post-exercise. Analysis of the residual scores in Bland–Altman plots showed poor agreement between the MTSK obtained using thermocouples and those using IRT. The averaged error was −0.75 °C during pre-exercise, 1.22 °C during exercise and −1.16 °C during post-exercise, and the reliability between the methods was low in the pre- (ICC = 0.75 [0.12 to 0.93]), during (ICC = 0.49 [−0.80 to 0.85]) and post-exercise (ICC = 0.35 [−1.22 to 0.81] conditions. Thus, there is poor correlation between the values of MTSK measured by thermocouples and IRT pre-exercise, exercise and post-exercise, and low reliability between the two forms of measurement.
Fingerprint preselection using eigenfeatures

In this paper we propose a new distance measure for an identification problem and describe experiments on fingerprint preselection using eigenfeatures of ridge direction patterns. The distance is defined by likelihood ratio of error distribution of feature vectors to the whole distribution of feature vector differences. In addition, we introduce "quality indexes" of feature vectors and make the distance adaptive to the quality indexes. Experiments on fingerprint preselection for ten-print cards revealed that our proposed distance is much more effective than the Mahalanobis distance. By combining the eigenfeatures and traditional classification features, 0.06% false acceptance rate at 2.0% false rejection rate and one million cards/sec preselection speed on a standard workstation have been achieved. This makes it possible to construct high performance fingerprint identification systems.
Production and characterization of nanoparticle dispersions of organic semiconductors for potential applications in organic electronics

The technique of pulsed laser ablation in a liquid has been applied to the synthesis of the nanoparticles dispersion of an organic semiconductor cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc). A pellet of CoPc, placed in the bottom of a glass beaker filled with deionized water, was irradiated with a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser working at 532 nm and a colloidal solution of the nanoparticles of CoPc was obtained. To test the potentiality of this nanodispersion for the fabrication of low cost organic electronic devices, a surface-type Ag/NanoCoPc/Ag humidity sensor was fabricated and effect of humidity on the capacitance of the sensor was studied for 0–90% RH. In the 0–55% RH range no change in the capacitance of the sensor was observed but above 55% RH a significant increase in the capacitance with the increase in humidity was observed. The observed humidity-capacitance relationship is explained on the basis of water adsorption and dielectric physics theory. The response-and recovery-times of the sensor were measured as less than 5 s.