Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Phosphoproteomic Screen Identifies a Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor for Rab3A Protein as a Mitogen-activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Phosphatase-5-regulated MAP Kinase Target in Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Secretion and Myogenesis*

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been shown to regulate skeletal muscle function. Previously, we showed that MAPK phosphatase-5 (MKP-5) negatively regulates myogenesis and regeneration of skeletal muscle through inhibition of p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). However, the identity and contribution of MKP-5-regulated MAPK targets in the control of skeletal muscle function and regenerative myogenesis have not been established. To identify MKP-5-regulated MAPK substrates in skeletal muscle, we performed a global differential phospho-MAPK substrate screen in regenerating skeletal muscles of wild type and MKP-5-deficient mice. We discovered a novel MKP-5-regulated MAPK substrate called guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab3A (GRAB) that was hyperphosphorylated on a phospho-MAPK motif in skeletal muscle of MKP-5-deficient mice. GRAB was found to be phosphorylated by JNK on serine 169. Myoblasts overexpressing a phosphorylation-defective mutant of GRAB containing a mutation at Ser-169 to Ala-169 (GRAB-S169A) inhibited the ability of C2C12 myoblasts to differentiate. We found that GRAB phosphorylation at Ser-169 was required for the secretion of the promyogenic cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6). Consistent with this observation, MKP-5-deficient mice exhibited increased circulating IL-6 expression as compared with wild type mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate a novel mechanism whereby MKP-5-mediated regulation of JNK negatively regulates phosphorylation of GRAB, which subsequently controls secretion of IL-6. These data support the notion that MKP-5 serves as a negative regulator of MAPK-dependent signaling of critical skeletal muscle signaling pathways.
The Lifetime of Email Messages: A Large-Scale Analysis of Email Revisitation

Email continues to be one of the most important means of online communication, leading to a number of challenges related to information overload and email management. To better understand email management practices in detail, we examine the distribution of visits to emails over time. During their lifetime, emails may be visited one or more times, and with each visit different actions may be taken. Emails that are revisited over time are especially interesting because they represent an opportunity to improve email management and search. In this paper, we present a large-scale log analysis of email revisitation, the activities that people perform on revisited email messages (e.g. responding to, organizing or deleting messages, and opening attachments), and the strategies they use to go back to these emails. We find that most emails have a short lifetime, with more than 33% having a lifetime of less than 5 minutes. We also find that deleting is the most common action taken on messages visited once, and that responding and organizing are more common for messages visited more than once. We complement the log analysis with a survey to understand the motivation behind revisits and the types of emails that are revisited. The survey results show that 73% of the visits are to find information (e.g. a link or document, instructions to perform a task, or answers to questions), while 20% of revisits are to respond to the email. Our findings have implications for designing email clients and intelligent agents that support both short- and long-term revisitation patterns.
An approach for learning the optimal “tuned” masks based on differential evolution algorithm

Texture image classification is a significant topic in many applications of machine vision and image analysis. The texture feature extracted from the original image by using the “Tuned” mask is one of the simplest and most effective methods. However, the primary gradient based training method almost always falls into the local optimum which might be improved through some commonly used evolutionary algorithms, such as genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Unfortunately, these algorithms will easily trap into the local optimum as well. For the sake of learning “Tuned” mask with the better performance, this paper propose to employ differential evolution algorithm to generate the optimal “Tuned” mask. Experiments on some texture images from the Brodatz album show that the “Tuned” mask training method proposed in this paper is very effective for classifying texture images and outperforms the “Tuned” mask training method based on genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm.
Two-Level Block Matching Pursuit for Polarimetric Through-Wall Radar Imaging

In this paper, we propose a two-level block matching pursuit (TLBMP) algorithm based on a probabilistic graph model for polarimetric through-wall radar imaging (TWRI). In typical L-band to X-band TWRI, indoor targets assume a spatial extent and occupy clustered pixels. When polarimetric sensing is used to obtain independent observations, radar images of clustered targets can be enhanced within the joint sparsity framework. Toward this objective, TLBMP is devised to exploit both the clustered property and the joint sparsity pattern of multiple polarimetric through-wall radar images. Simulations and experimental results based on polarimetric through-wall radar data demonstrate that compared to commonly used algorithms for solving the same underlying problem, TLBMP provides more informative imaging with higher target-to-clutter ratio.
Partial discharge characteristics of aged oil-impregnated paper under high humidity level

This paper presents a study on partial discharge (PD) characteristics of aged oil impregnated paper under high humidity level. The presence of the void in the impregnated paper with exposure to high relative humidity would induce partial discharge occurrences which eventually degrade the insulation performance of the paper. In this work, an artificial cylindrical void was created and the oil impregnated paper was aged up to 16 hours at 90% relative humidity. Moreover, partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) and partial discharge extinction voltage (PDEV) were recorded. Based on the results, the longer aging time of kraft paper, the lower the PDIV and the PD magnitude. It is implied that the longer exposure to a high relative humidity, the more moisture being absorbed by the paper causes high repetition of PD at corona discharge level.
A Poissonian model of indel rate variation for 3 phylogenetic tree inference

— While indel rate variation has been observed and analyzed in detail, it is not 11 taken into account by current indel-aware phylogenetic reconstruction methods. In this 12 work, we introduce a continuous time stochastic process, the geometric Poisson indel 13 process, that generalizes the Poisson indel process by allowing insertion and deletion rates 14 to vary across sites. We design an efficient algorithm for computing the probability of a 15 given multiple sequence alignment based on our new indel model. We describe a method to 16 construct phylogeny estimates from a fixed alignment using neighbor joining. Using 17 simulation studies, we show that ignoring indel rate variation may have a detrimental effect 18 on the accuracy of the inferred phylogenies, and that our proposed method can sidestep 19 this issue by inferring latent indel rate categories. We also show that our phylogenetic 20 inference method may be more stable to taxa subsampling than methods that either ignore 21 indels or indel rate variation. 22
Fish oil intake compared with olive oil intake in late pregnancy and asthma in the offspring: 16 y of registry-based follow-up from a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that asthma is rooted in the intrauterine environment and that intake of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in pregnancy may have immunomodulatory effects on the child. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to examine whether increasing maternal intake of n-3 PUFAs in pregnancy may affect offspring risk of asthma. DESIGN In 1990, a population-based sample of 533 women with normal pregnancies were randomly assigned 2:1:1 to receive four 1-g gelatin capsules/d with fish oil providing 2.7 g n-3 PUFAs (n = 266); four 1-g, similar-looking capsules/d with olive oil (n = 136); or no oil capsules (n = 131). Women were recruited and randomly assigned around gestation week 30 and asked to take capsules until delivery. Among 531 live-born children, 528 were identified in registries and 523 were still alive by August 2006. Diagnoses from the International Coding of Diseases version 10 were extracted from a mandatory registry that recorded diagnoses reported from hospital contacts. RESULTS During the 16 y that passed since childbirth, 19 children from the fish oil and olive oil groups had received an asthma-related diagnosis; 10 had received the diagnosis allergic asthma. The hazard rate of asthma was reduced by 63% (95% CI: 8%, 85%; P = 0.03), whereas the hazard rate of allergic asthma was reduced by 87% (95% CI: 40%, 97%; P = 0.01) in the fish oil compared with the olive oil group. CONCLUSION Under the assumption that intake of olive oil in the dose provided here was inert, our results support that increasing n-3 PUFAs in late pregnancy may carry an important prophylactic potential in relation to offspring asthma.
Glued to Which Face? Attentional Priority Effect of Female Babyface and Male Mature Face

A more babyfaced individual is perceived as more child-like and this impression from babyface, as known as babyface effect, has an impact on social life among various age groups. In this study, the influence of babyfaces on visual selective attention was tested by cognitive task, demonstrating that the female babyface and male mature face would draw participants’ attention so that they take their eyes off more slowly. In Experiment 1, a detection task was applied to test the influence of babyfaces on visual selective attention. In this experiment, a babyface and a mature face with the same gender were presented simultaneously with a letter on one of them. The reaction time was shorter when the target letter was overlaid with a female babyface or male mature face, suggesting an attention capture effect. To explore how this competition influenced by attentional resources, we conducted Experiment 2 with a spatial cueing paradigm and controlled the attentional resources by cueing validity and inter-stimulus interval. In this task, the female babyface and male mature face prolonged responses to the spatially separated targets under the condition of an invalid and long interval pre-cue. This observation replicated the result of Experiment 1. This indicates that the female babyface and male mature face glued visual selective attention once attentional resources were directed to them. To further investigate the subliminal influence from a babyface, we used continuous flash suppression paradigm in Experiment 3. The results, again, showed the advantage of the female babyfaces and male mature faces: they broke the suppression faster than other faces. Our results provide primary evidence that the female babyfaces and male mature faces can reliably glue the visual selective attention, both supra- and sub-liminally.
Arctic microbial community dynamics influenced by elevated CO2 levels

The Arctic Ocean ecosystem is particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA) related alterations due to the relatively high CO2 solubility and low carbonate saturation states of its cold surface waters. Thus far, however, there is only little known about the consequences of OA on the base of the food web. In a mesocosm CO2-enrichment experiment (overall CO2 levels ranged from ~ 180 to 1100 μatm) in Kongsfjorden off Svalbard, we studied the consequences of OA on a natural pelagic microbial community. OA distinctly affected the composition and growth of the Arctic phytoplankton community, i.e. the picoeukaryotic photoautotrophs and to a lesser extent the nanophytoplankton thrived. A shift towards the smallest phytoplankton as a result of OA will have direct consequences for the structure and functioning of the pelagic food web and thus for the biogeochemical cycles. Besides being grazed, the dominant pico- and nanophytoplankton groups were found prone to viral lysis, thereby shunting the carbon accumulation in living organisms into the dissolved pools of organic carbon and subsequently affecting the efficiency of the biological pump in these Arctic waters.
PROLONGED GASTRIC DELIVERY OF VITAMIN B2 FROM A FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: AN IN VITRO STUDY

he present study describes the drug release behaviour of vitamin B2 loaded superporous floating hydrogels which was prepared through rapid copolymerization of acrylamide and acrylic acid in the presence of model drug using NaHCO3 as porogen and tetraethylmethylene diamine as catalyst. The gels prepared with 0.12 and 0.58 mM of cross-linker remained buoyant for nearly 96 h, but showed different release behaviours. The cross-linked sample with 0.12 mM released almost 100% drug within two hours in a simulating gastric fluid of pH 1.2, while the sample with 0.58 mM of cross-linker demonstrated a slower release which was extended over a period of 30 h. The mesh sizes of two samples were found to be 23.25A and 20.11A as determined from swelling measurements. The asymptotic nature of the release profile indicated a first-order kinetics, which was also confirmed by the regression analysis. The gels offer their strong candidature for prolonged gastric delivery of drugs for the treatment of gastric disorders. Bajpai S.K. et al.
Profile of Patients Lost to Follow-Up in the Burn Injury Rehabilitation Model Systems' Longitudinal Database

We sought to identify whether patterns exist in the Burn Injury Rehabilitation Model Systems' database among participants lost to follow-up at 6, 12, or 24 months after injury and to define characteristics that reliably discriminate between persons who are lost to follow-up and those who are not. All participants met the American Burn Association criteria for major burn injury, were 18 years of age or older, received care from one of four burn model systems, and consented to participate in a 2-year prospective data-collection process. Step-wise logistic regression was used to develop three prediction models for the probability of loss to follow-up. The percent of individuals successfully contacted for follow-up were 64% at 6 months, 54% at 12 months, and 42% at 24 months after injury. Individuals who were younger, not employed at time of burn, with less than a high school level education, a history of drug abuse, circumstances of injury involving suspected assault, and having no insurance for care were lost to follow-up. Longer stay in the hospital, on the other hand, increased the likelihood of follow-up. The same risk factors remained significant with or with out adjusting for site indicating that these factors are independent and significant in spite of any potential site differences. Successful follow-up at 6- and 12-month intervals increased the likelihood of achieving a follow-up at 24 months after injury. The sociodemographic risk factors for attrition identified in this study represent significant enduring vulnerabilities. The findings necessitate a close examination of several factors and the use of strategies to reduce the risk of attrition.
Quantitative Colocalization Analysis of Multicolor Confocal Immunofluorescence Microscopy Images: Pushing Pixels to Explore Biological Phenomena

Quantitative colocalization analysis is an advanced digital imaging tool to examine antigens of interest in immunofluorescence images obtained using confocal microscopes. It employs specialized algorithms to estimate the degree of overlap of fluorescence signals and thus enables acquiring important new information not otherwise obtainable using qualitative approaches alone. As raw confocal images have high levels of background, they should be prepared to become suitable for reliable calculation of colocalization coefficients by correcting it. We provide concise theoretical basis of quantitative colocalization analysis, discuss its limitations, and describe proper use of the technique. The use of quantitative colocalization analysis is demonstrated by studying bile salt export pump and multidrug resistance associated protein 2 in the liver and major basic protein and platelet activating factor receptor antigens in conjunctiva. The review is focused on the applicability and correct interpretation of the results of colocalization coefficients calculations.
A modified initialization method to find an initial center for Fuzzy K-modes clustering

Data mining is used to analyzing the data and extracts the information from large data sets. Clustering is a technique which is used to grouping the objects which is having similar characters. In existing system, K-Means clustering is used to cluster the numerical data but it does not cluster the categorical data. To overcome the limitation of using numeric data only in the clustering process, F Jiang proposed the initialization method for K-modes clustering in which the initial cluster centres were calculated using Ini_Distance and Ini_Entropy methods were used. To improve the performance further, a new modified model is proposed for Fuzzy K-modes clustering. In this model, a modified Initial_Distance and Initial_Entropy Initialization method are used. It ensures that K initial cluster centers are not selected from the same cluster and selected initial cluster centers are not outliers. Also, one of a data preprocessing methods-Data cleaning is used to increase the quality of clustering results and a new modified weight matching distance (WMD) is calculated by using distance between two objects at the time initialization. An experiment result is demonstrated with five data sets taken from UCI machine learning repository and the results proved the effectiveness of the initialization method.
Using simple technology to prompt multistep tasks in the home for people with dementia: An exploratory study comparing prompting formats

Objectives To investigate the relative effectiveness of different prompts for people with dementia during multistep tasks in the home, to inform prompting technology design. Methods Nine pairs of participants (one with dementia and a partner or relative) participated at home. The participants with mild to moderate dementia (5M/4F, aged 73–86 years) functioned at the Planned or Exploratory levels of the Pool Activity Level instrument. A touchscreen computer displayed different prompts during two set tasks: “card-and-envelope” and “CD player. ” The trials were scored to establish the relative effectiveness of the prompts. Individual tasks were also explored. Results Text and audio prompts were each more effective than video or picture prompts for a card-and-envelope task, but this was not seen in a CD player task. The differences may be related to the type of actions within the tasks; the card-and-envelope actions were easier to convey verbally; the CD player actions lent themselves to visual prompts. Conclusions Designers of technology-based prompts for people with dementia should consider that the effectiveness of different prompts is likely to be task dependent. Familiar, unambiguous language can increase the success of tailored prompts. There are significant practical challenges associated with choosing and deconstructing everyday tasks at home.
Photochemical aging of organic and inorganic ambient aerosol from thePotential Aerosol Mass (PAM) reactor experiment in East Asia

We investigated the photochemical aging of ambient aerosols using a potential aerosol mass (PAM) reactor at Baegryeong Island in the Yellow Sea during August 4–12, 2011. The size distributions and chemical compositions of the ambient and aged PAM aerosols were measured alternately every 6 min by Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and High Resolution-Time of Flight-Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), respectively. Inside the PAM reactor, the O 3 and OH levels were equivalent to approximately 5 days of integrated OH exposure at typical atmospheric conditions. Two types of air masses were distinguished on the basis of the chemical composition and the degree of aging: Sulfate was predominant with higher O : C ratio for the air transported from China and organic concentration was higher than that of sulfate with lower O : C ratio when the air came through the Korean Peninsula. In PAM reactor, sulfate was constantly formed, resulting in the increase of particle mass at 200–400 nm size range. Organics were responsible for an overall loss of mass in 100–200 nm particles. This loss was especially evident for the m/z 43 component representing semi-volatile organics. Conversely, the m/z 44 component corresponding to low-volatile organics increased with a shift toward larger sizes during the organics-dominated episode. Therefore, we hypothesize that the oxidation of semi-volatile organics was facilitated by gas-phase oxidation and partitioning for re-equilibrium between the gas and particle phases. Nitrate evaporated in the PAM reactor upon the addition of sulfate to the particles. These results suggest that the chemical composition of aerosols and their degree of photochemical aging particularly for organics are also crucial in determining aerosol mass concentrations. Because sulfate in the atmosphere was stable for about a week of the nominal lifetime of aerosols, SO 2 is a unquestionably primary precursor of secondary aerosol in northeast Asia. In comparison, the contribution of organics to secondary aerosols is more variable during transport in the atmosphere. Notably, an increase in low-volatility organics was associated with sulfate and evident at 200–400 nm, highlighting the role of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formation.
Waveform multiplexing using chirp rate diversity for chirp-sequence based MIMO radar systems

MIMO radar systems create a large virtual aperture to enhance the angular resolution. As a multiplexing scheme often the time-division multiplexing (TDM) procedure is chosen. The drawbacks are a reduced maximal unambiguously detectable Doppler frequency and the need to correct a phase error in angle estimation for relative radial velocities. To overcome these disadvantages a multiplexing scheme is proposed which uses different chirp rates. Every transmitting antenna is active at the same time but can be distinguished due to the different slopes of the frequency ramps.
Phase error measurement of arrayed-waveguide grating

An arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) is a planar lightwave circuit for wavelength division multiplexing, and demultiplexing in a photonic network. We proposed and fabricated a fast wavelength selective AWG using PLZT ((Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3) [1, 2]. However, phase errors of an arrayed-waveguide due to optical path length fluctuations cause deteriorations of characteristics, and especially cause large crosstalk between channels in the AWG [3]. We measured phase errors of PLZT-AWG based on the interference measurement technique [4, 5] to compensate them.