Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinction between added-energy and phase-resetting mechanisms in non-invasively detected somatosensory evoked responses

Non-invasively recorded averaged event-related potentials (ERP) represent a convenient opportunity to investigate human brain perceptive and cognitive processes. Nevertheless, generative ERP mechanisms are still debated. Two previous approaches have been contested in the past: the added-energy model in which the response raises independently from the ongoing background activity, and the phase-reset model, based on stimulus-driven synchronization of oscillatory ongoing activity. Many criteria for the distinction of these two models have been proposed, but there is no definitive methodology to disentangle them, owing also to the limited information at the single trial level. Here, we propose a new approach combining low-noise EEG technology and multivariate decomposition techniques. We present theoretical analyses based on simulated data and identify in high-frequency somatosensory evoked responses an optimal target for the distinction between the two mechanisms.
Virtualizing Local Stores

Software-managed local stores have proven to be more efficient than hardware-managed caches for some important applications, yet their use has been mostly confined to embedded systems that run a small set of applications in a limited runtime environment. Local stores are problematic in general-purpose systems because they add to process state on context switches, and because they require fast data memory close to the processor that might be better spent on cache for some applications. We introduce virtualized local stores as a mechanism to provide the benefits of a software-managed memory hierarchy in a general-purpose system. A virtual local store (VLS) is mapped into the virtual address space of a process and backed by physical main memory, but is stored in a partition of the hardwaremanaged cache when active. This reduces context switch cost, and allows VLSs to migrate with their process thread. The partition allocated to the VLS can be rapidly reconfigured without flushing the cache, allowing programmers to selectively use VLS in a library routine with low overhead.
IMDC: An Image-Mapped Data Clustering Technique for Large Datasets

— In this paper, we present a new algorithm for clustering data in large datasets using image processing approaches. First the dataset is mapped into a binary image plane. The synthesized image is then processed utilizing efficient image processing techniques to cluster the data in the dataset. Henceforth, the algorithm avoids exhaustive search to identify clusters. The algorithm considers only a small set of the data that contains critical boundary information sufficient to identify contained clusters. Compared to available data clustering techniques, the proposed algorithm produces similar quality results and outperforms them in execution time and storage requirements.
Bone healing in critical-size defects treated with platelet-rich plasma: a histologic and histometric study in rat calvaria.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze histologically the influence of autologous platelet-rich plasma on bone healing in surgically created critical-size defects in rat calvaria. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two rats were divided into two groups: the control group (group C) and the platelet-rich plasma group. An 8-mm-diameter critical-size defect was created in the calvarium of each animal. In group C the defect was filled by a blood clot only. In the platelet-rich plasma group, 0.35 mL of platelet-rich plasma was placed in the defect and covered by 0.35 mL of platelet-poor plasma. Both groups were divided into subgroups (n = 8) and killed at either 4 or 12 wk postoperatively. Histometric (using image-analysis software) and histologic analyses were performed. The amount of new bone formed was calculated as a percentage of the total area of the original defect. Percentage data were transformed into arccosine for statistical analysis (analysis of variance, Tukey, p < 0.05). RESULTS No defect completely regenerated with bone. The platelet-rich plasma group had a statistically greater amount of bone formation than group C at both 4 wk (17.68% vs. 7.20%, respectively) and 12 wk (24.69% vs. 11.65%, respectively) postoperatively. CONCLUSION Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that platelet-rich plasma placed in the defects and covered by platelet-poor plasma significantly enhanced bone healing in critical-size defects in rat calvaria.
ZD6474, a Multitargeted Inhibitor for Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, Suppresses Growth of Gliomas Expressing an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutant, EGFRvIII, in the Brain

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) vIII is a mutated EGFR that is frequently overexpressed in glioblastomas and implicated in response to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this study, we investigate the effect of ZD6474 (ZACTIMA, vandetanib), a dual inhibitor for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and EGFR on growth and angiogenesis of gliomas expressing EGFRvIII. We used two glioma xenograft models, U87MG cells overexpressing EGFRvIII and short-term cultured primary glioma GBM8 cells with EGFRvIII. ZD6474 inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis and induced cell apoptosis in various brain gliomas. Moreover, significant inhibition of EGFRvIII-expressing U87MG and GBM8 gliomas was observed compared with their controls. Magnetic resonance imaging analysis using the apparent diffusion coefficient and three-dimensional T2*weighed measurements validated ZD6474 inhibition on tumor growth and angiogenesis in EGFRvIII-expressing GBM8 gliomas. Mechanistically, ZD6474 shows better inhibition of cell growth and survival of U87MG/EGFRvIII, GBM6, and GBM8 cells that express EGFRvIII than U87MG or GBM14 cells that have nondetectable EGFRvIII through attenuation of activated phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, Akt, and Bcl-XL expression. Albeit in lesser extent, ZD6474 also displays suppressions of U87MG/EGFR and GBM12 cells that overexpress wild-type EGFR. Additionally, ZD6474 inhibits activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in both types of cells, and expression of a constitutively active phosphoinositide 3-kinases partially rescued ZD6474 inhibition in U87MG/EGFRvIII cells. Taken together, these data show that ZD6474 significantly inhibited growth and angiogenesis of gliomas expressing EGFRvIII by specifically blocking EGFRvIII-activated signaling mediators, suggesting a potential application of ZD6474 in treatments for glioblastomas that overexpress EGFRvIII. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(4); 929–41. ©2010 AACR.
Accent and bound anaphora

The primacy of structural constraints on bound anaphora has been widely accepted. Specifically, it has been claimed t hat an anaphor may be bound only by an antecedent that c-commands it. A classic diagnostic for bound anaphora is t he possibility of the "sloppy" Interpretation of VP-ellipses. So, for Felix hates bis neighbors and so does Max, his may be interpreted äs bound by the c-commanding NP Felix, permitting a sloppy Interpretation for the ellipitcal VP, i.e. ". and Max hates Max's neighbors". It is claimed that, where no c-command relationship holds, no such bound Interpretation is available. In this paper, we reexamine the role of structural constraints on anaphoric binding in light of a series of psycholinguistic studies of the Interpretation of bound anaphor s in elliptical V PS. Our results show that syntactic configuration is not a necessary conditionfor a bound Interpretation. Intonational and contextual factors can permit an anaphor to be interpreted äs bound even in the absence of a c-commanding antecedent. In particular, the presence or absence of a pitch accent on an anaphor in question can influence the Interpretation ofbot h reflexive and non-reflexive anaphor s.
Income and Population Growth

Do populations grow as countries become richer? In this paper we estimate the effects on population growth of shocks to national income that are plausibly exogenous and unlikely to be driven by technological change. For a panel of over 139 countries spanning the period 1960-2007 we interact changes in international oil prices with countries' average net oil export shares in GDP. Controlling for country and time fixed effects, we find that this measure of oil price induced income growth is positively associated with population growth. The IV estimates indicate that a one percentage point increase in GDP per capita growth over a ten year period increases countries' population growth by around 0.1 percentage points. Further, we find that this population effect results from both a positive effect on fertility and a negative effect on infant and child mortality.
Eye gaze and verb agreement in German Sign Language: A first glance

Eye gaze as a nonmanual component of sign languages has not yet been investigated in much detail. The idea that eye gaze may function as an agreement marker was brought forward by Bahan (1996) and Neidle et al. (2000), who argued that eye gaze is an independent agreement marker occurring with all three verb types (plain verbs, spatial verbs, and agreeing verbs) in American Sign Language (ASL). Thompson et al. (2006) conducted an eye-tracking experiment to investigate the interdependency between eye gaze and ASL verb agreement in depth. Their results indicate that eye gaze in ASL functions as an agreement marker only when accompanying manual agreement, marking the object in agreeing verbs and the locative argument in spatial verbs. They conclude that eye gaze is part of an agreement circumfix. Subsequently, I conducted an eye-tracking experiment to investigate the correlation of eye gaze and manual agreement for verbs in German Sign Language (DGS). The results differ from Thompson et al.’s, since eye gaze with agreeing verbs in the DGS data did not occur as systematically as in ASL. Nevertheless, an analysis of verb duration and the spreading of a correlating eye gaze suggests that there is a dependency relation between eye gaze and manual agreement.
Solid State Voltage and Frequency Controller for a Stand Alone Wind Power Generating System

This paper deals with the voltage and frequency controller of a wind turbine driven isolated asynchronous generator. The proposed voltage and frequency controller consists of an insulated gate bipolar junction transistor based voltage source converter along-with battery energy storage system at its dc link. The proposed controller is having bidirectional active and reactive powers flow capability by which it controls the system voltage and frequency with variation of consumer loads and the speed of the wind turbine. It is also having capability of harmonic elimination and load balancing. The proposed electro-mechanical system along with its controller is modeled and simulated in MATLAB using Simulink and power system block-set toolboxes. Performance of the proposed controller is presented to demonstrate voltage and frequency control of a wind turbine driven isolated asynchronous generator along with harmonic elimination and load balancing.
The social cognition of violent offenders

Purpose – Social cognition is a prominent feature of explanations of crime, particularly violent crime. This paper aims to report a study that compared several aspects of the social cognition of convicted violent and non‐violent offenders.Design/methodology/approach – Measures of social cognition were administered to 156 offenders, classified as violent and non‐violent according to index offence.Findings – Analysis showed few significant differences between the violent and non‐violent offenders, although differences in thinking styles and social problem solving strategies were evident between high‐risk and low‐risk violent offenders.Originality/value – The differences between high‐risk and lower risk violent offenders suggests that not all violent offenders function at the same level and so more precision is required in classifying offenders.
Initial rotor position estimation of BLDC based on inductance method

The inductance method is presented for initial rotor position estimation of brushless dc motor (BLDC) in the sensorless control. This method is based on the salient effect and magnetic saturation effect of the interior permanent magnet BLDC. The method includes two processes: one estimates the rotor position of magnetic pole; the other determines the direction of the magnetization at the estimated position at the same period. The experiment result is proved that the inductance method is effective.
Multidimensional Residual Learning Based on Recurrent Neural Networks for Acoustic Modeling

Theoretical and empirical evidences indicate that the depth of neural networks is crucial to acoustic modeling in speech recognition tasks. Unfortunately, the situation in practice always is that with the depth increasing, the accuracy gets saturated and then degrades rapidly. In this paper, a novel multidimensional residual learning architecture is proposed to address this degradation of deep recurrent neural networks (RNNs) on acoustic modeling by further exploring the spatial and temporal dimensions. In the spatial dimension, shortcut connections are introduced to RNNs, along which the information can flow across several layers without attenuation. In the temporal dimension, we cope with the degradation problem by regulating temporal granularity, namely, splitting the input sequence into several parallel sub-sequences, which can ensure information flowing across the time axis unimpededly. Finally, we place a row convolution layer on the top of all recurrent layers to comprehend appropriate information from several parallel sub-sequences to feed to the classifier. Experiments are illustrated on two quite different speech recognition tasks and 10% relative performance improvements are observed.
Conversational gaze mechanisms for humanlike robots

During conversations, speakers employ a number of verbal and nonverbal mechanisms to establish who participates in the conversation, when, and in what capacity. Gaze cues and mechanisms are particularly instrumental in establishing the participant roles of interlocutors, managing speaker turns, and signaling discourse structure. If humanlike robots are to have fluent conversations with people, they will need to use these gaze mechanisms effectively. The current work investigates people's use of key conversational gaze mechanisms, how they might be designed for and implemented in humanlike robots, and whether these signals effectively shape human-robot conversations. We focus particularly on whether humanlike gaze mechanisms might help robots signal different participant roles, manage turn-exchanges, and shape how interlocutors perceive the robot and the conversation. The evaluation of these mechanisms involved 36 trials of three-party human-robot conversations. In these trials, the robot used gaze mechanisms to signal to its conversational partners their roles either of two addressees, an addressee and a bystander, or an addressee and a nonparticipant. Results showed that participants conformed to these intended roles 97% of the time. Their conversational roles affected their rapport with the robot, feelings of groupness with their conversational partners, and attention to the task.
Molecular Mechanism and Functional Significance of the MinK Control of the KvLQT1 Channel Activity*

The very slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ channel IKs is essential for controlling the repolarization phase of cardiac action potentials and K+ homeostasis in the inner ear. The IKschannel is formed via the assembly of two transmembrane proteins, KvLQT1 and MinK. Mutations in KvLQT1 are associated with a long QT syndrome that causes syncope and sudden death and also with deafness. Here, we show a new mode of association between ion channel forming subunits in that the cytoplasmic C-terminal end of MinK interacts directly with the pore region of KvLQT1. This interaction reduces KvLQT1 channel conductance from 7.6 to 0.58 picosiemens. However, because MinK also reveals a large number of previously silent KvLQT1 channels (× 60), the overall effect is a large increase (× 4) in the macroscopic K+ current. Conformational changes associated with the KvLQT1/MinK association create very slow and complex activation kinetics without much alteration in the deactivation process. Changes induced by MinK have an essential regulatory role in the development of this K+ channel activity upon repetitive electrical stimulation with a particular interest in tachycardia.
Whole body bone mineral content in healthy children and adolescents

Data from healthy children are needed to evaluate bone mineralisation during childhood. Whole body bone mineral content (BMC) and bone area were examined by dual energy x ray absorptiometry (Hologic 1000/W) in healthy girls (n=201) and boys (n=142) aged 5–19 years. Centile curves for bone area for age, BMC for age, bone area for height, and BMC for bone area were constructed using the LMS method. Bone mineral density calculated as BMC/bone area is not useful in children as it is significantly influenced by bone size. Instead, it is proposed that bone mineralisation is assessed in three steps: height for age, bone area for height, and BMC for bone area. These three steps correspond to three different causes of reduced bone mass: short bones, narrow bones, and light bones.
The role of opsonin in phagocytosis by coelomocytes of the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta

The phagocytes which reside in the coelomic cavity of the earthworms have roles in cellular immunity. The phagocytic activity of coelomic cells of the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta against the pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria was investigated in vitro. The coelomic cells of D. veneta having phagocytic activity was separated by density gradient centrifugation method. It was observed that these cells have neutrophil and basophil structure. Among the pathogenic bacteria, B. megaterium and A. hydrophila, and non-pathogenic bacteria P. maltophilia and B. subtilis, to various earthworms, B. megaterium was significantly ingested by phagocytes (p<0.05). It was observed that the optimum period for the bacterial phagocytosis of D. veneta phagocytic cells is 60 minutes and that differences in temperatures had no any visible effect on the phagocytosis itself. No significant difference was observed between all the tested bacteria with opsonin. Instead, phagocytosis of B. megaterium was remarkably inhibited when crude coelomic fluid of D. veneta was used as an opsonin.
Identifying Potential Coauthors for Junior Researchers

Research collaboration can bring in different perspectives and generate more productive results. However, finding an appropriate collaborator can be difficult due to the unawareness of implicit social connections. Link prediction is a related technique for collaborator discovery; but its focus has been mostly on the core authors who have relatively more publications. We believe that the fresh researchers are actually more willing to have help in identifying potential collaborators. In this paper, we focus on the coauthor prediction problem for junior researchers. Previous works on coauthor prediction found that the local network features can outperform global network features because of less noise information. This may not be true for junior researchers because the data sparseness of our targeted users. In our experiments, we found a significant improvement by simply combing local network feature and global network feature, comparing to use them separately. Besides network features, the contentbased features were also considered in information retrieval community for better locating people with certain expertise, which can also be used in our case for coauthor finding. To integrate multiple resources, we further developed a regularization based approach, in which we found it outperforms the simple linear combination method. This method was then adopted in PeopleExplorer, a people finding system that leverages content relevance, local network features and global network features.
Systems : Data Management in Peer-to-Peer Systems Survey of Peer-to-Peer Systems

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking has generated tremendous interest worldwide among Internet users as well as computer professionals. P2P systems like Kazaa and Napster rank amongst the most popular software applications ever. P2P systems have become popular Internet applications since the arrival of Napster and other P2P architectures used for music file sharing. Several businesses and Web sites have promoted P2P technology as the future of Internet networking. In recent years, peer-to-peer systems have emerged as an interesting architecture for implementing distributed file systems. In a P2P network, end users share resources which are able to exchange. Information is distributed among the member nodes instead of being concentrated at a single server. A successful P2P file-sharing network must have some desirable properties, such as ease of use, ability to expand over large numbers of peers, produce results despite node failures and find infrequent items. This survey of P2P systems presents different system architectures used for file-sharing and query routing protocols. We discuss more complex queries, such as range queries over one or more attributes and replication techniques. Finally, we refer to algorithms for updating replicas.
Sparse Coding Approach for Multi-Frame Image Super Resolution

An image super-resolution method from multiple observation of low-resolution images is proposed. The method is based on sub-pixel accuracy block matching for estimating relative displacements of observed images, and sparse signal representation for estimating the corresponding high-resolution image. Relative displacements of small patches of observed low-resolution images are accurately estimated by a computationally efficient block matching method. Since the estimated displacements are also regarded as a warping component of image degradation process, the matching results are directly utilized to generate low-resolution dictionary for sparse image representation. The matching scores of the block matching are used to select a subset of low-resolution patches for reconstructing a high-resolution patch, that is, an adaptive selection of informative low-resolution images is realized. When there is only one low-resolution image, the proposed method works as a single-frame super-resolution method. The proposed method is shown to perform comparable or superior to conventional single- and multi-frame super-resolution methods through experiments using various real-world datasets.
Use and usability in a digital library search system

Digital libraries must reach out to users from all walks of life, serving information needs at all levels. To do this, they must attain high standards of usability over an extremely broad audience. This paper details the evolution of one important digital library component as it has grown in functionality and usefulness over several years of use by a live, unrestricted community. Central to its evolution have been user studies, analysis of use patterns, and formative usability evaluation. We extrapolate that all three components are necessary in the production of successful digital library systems.