Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and C-Reactive Protein in Men

Objective—This study examined the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and C-reactive protein (CRP), with adjustment for weight and within weight categories. Methods and Results—We calculated median and adjusted geometric mean CRP levels, percentages of individuals with an elevated CRP (≥2.00 mg/L), and odds ratios of elevated CRP across 5 levels of cardiorespiratory fitness for 722 men. CRP values were adjusted for age, body mass index, vitamin use, statin medication use, aspirin use, the presence of inflammatory disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, and smoking habit. We found an inverse association of CRP across fitness levels (P for trend<0.001), with the highest adjusted CRP value in the lowest fitness quintile (1.64 [1.27 to 2.11] mg/L) and the lowest adjusted CRP value in the highest fitness quintile (0.70 [0.60 to 0.80] mg/L). Similar results were found for the prevalence of elevated CRP across fitness quintiles. We used logistic regression to model the adjusted odds for elevated CRP and found that compared with the referent first quintile, the second (odds ratio [OR] 0.43, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.85), third (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.65), fourth (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.47), and fifth (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.37) quintiles of fitness had significantly lower odds of elevated CRP. Similar results were found when examining the CRP-fitness relation within categories of body fatness (normal weight, overweight, and obese) and waist girth (<102 or ≥102 cm). Conclusions—Cardiorespiratory fitness levels were inversely associated with CRP values and the prevalence of elevated CRP values in this sample of men from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study.
Big file protocol (BFP): A traffic shaping approach for efficient transport of large files

Telecommunication networks are under stress due to rapid traffic increase. Since most of this traffic increase is due to large file transfers, this paper proposes a cross-layer transport protocol specifically designed to efficiently handle large transactions. Traffic generated from large transactions is shaped into a periodic succession of fixed-size data frames. Each transaction is then scheduled for transmission using a two-way reservation protocol. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is capable of significantly improving goodput and end-to-end delay relative to TCP, improving efficiency of bandwidth utilization by over 40%.
[Relationship between genetic polymorphism of promoter region let-7 and genetic susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to discuss the relationship between genetic polymorphism of promoter region let-7 and genetic susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Chinese population. METHODS In this case-control study, 1300 cases of HBV positive patients were recruited in case group and another 1344 cases of persistent chronic HBV carriers were selected as control. 5 ml of blood sample was collected from each subject, from which the DNA was extracted; and rs10877887 and rs13293512 in promoter region let-7 were selected as the study sites. The polymorphism was detected by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay and the OR value (95%CI) was evaluated by Logistic Regression Method to analyze the relationship between susceptibility to HCC and different genotypes. RESULTS The frequencies of genotype TT, CT and CC in site rs10877887 were 43.0% (542/1261), 44.7% (564/1261) and 12.3% (155/1261) respectively in case group; while separately 44.0% (581/1319), 44.4% (585/1319) and 11.6% (153/1319)in control group. The frequencies of genotype TT, CT and CC in site rs13293512 were 32.0% (406/1270), 48.1% (611/1270) and 19.9% (253/1270) respectively in case group; while separately 33.1% (427/1291), 49.4% (638/1291) and 17.5% (226/1291) in control group. The results of multifactor logistic regression analysis showed no statistical significance in the relationship between different genotype TT, mutated genotype C in site rs10877887 and susceptibility to HCC (CC + CT vs TT, adjusted OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.90 - 1.23); and either no statistical significance in the relationship between different genotype TT, mutated genotype C in site rs13293512 and susceptibility to HCC (CC + CT vs TT, adjusted OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 0.89 - 1.25). The united-analysis of the two sites showed the frequencies of 0, 1, 2 and 3-4 mutated-genotype C were 13.3% (164/1235), 36.2% (447/1235), 33.0% (408/1235) and 17.5% (216/1235) respectively in case group; and separately 14.2% (181/1269), 37.0% (469/1269), 33.1% (420/1269) and 15.7% (199/1269) in control group. The susceptibility to HCC in 1,2,3-4 mutated-genotype C carriers were 1.05 (0.81 - 1.34), 1.07 (0.83 - 1.38) and 1.22 (0.91 - 1.62) times of the non-mutated genotype subjects; but there was no statistical significance (Wald χ(2) = 1.79, P = 0.181). CONCLUSION The polymorphism of study sites rs10877887 and rs13293512 may not be the biomarker of susceptibility to HCC in Chinese.
The planning of electric vehicle charging station based on Grid partition method

The paper proposed a method of locating and sizing of charging station for electric vehicle based on grid partition. This method is aimed at minimizing the users' loss on the way to the charging station, zoning the planning area with grid partition method, and choosing the best location of each partition in GA (Genetic Algorithm) on the consideration of traffic density and charging station's capacity constraints. Through repeated calculations and adjusting the coverage of each partition and the sites of charging stations, this paper will finally get the reasonable planning of electric vehicle charging station in the whole area. The practical example proves that the methods and models in this paper are feasible.
The Definition and Measurement of Organizational Effectiveness: a Classroom Exercise

The explicit objective of the theories we teach and models we build in organizational behavior is to better understand human behavior in the workplace. The implicit logical extension of this objective is that having established a better understanding and management of its human resources, an organization may render itself, by some measure, more effective. OB professors, however, generally leave the burden of this inferential leap to students, assuming they will understand not only the connection between the management of human resources and the effectiveness of the organization, but the form and nature of effectiveness as well.
Pedestrian Notification Methods in Autonomous Vehicles for Multi-Class Mobility-on-Demand Service

In this paper, we describe methods of conveying perception information and motion intention from self driving vehicles to the surrounding environment. One method is by equipping autonomous vehicles with Light-Emitting Diode (LED) strips to convey perception information; typical pedestrian-driver acknowledgement is replaced by visual feedback via lights which change color to signal the presence of obstacles in the surrounding environment. Another method is by broadcasting audio cues of the vehicle's motion intention to the environment. The performance of the autonomous vehicles as social robots is improved by building trust and engagement with interacting pedestrians. The software and hardware systems are detailed, and a video demonstrates the working system in real application. Further extension of the work for multi-class mobility in human environments is discussed.
Identification of Most Frequently Occurring Lexis in Winnings-announcing Unsolicited Bulke-mails

— e-mail has become an important means of electronic communication but the viability of its usage is marred by Un-solicited Bulk e-mail (UBE) messages. UBE consists of many types like pornographic, virus infected and 'cry-for-help' messages as well as fake and fraudulent offers for jobs, winnings and medicines. UBE poses technical and socio-economic challenges to usage of e-mails. To meet this challenge and combat this menace, we need to understand UBE. Towards this end, the current paper presents a content-based textual analysis of nearly 3000 winnings-announcing UBE. Technically, this is an application of Text Parsing and Tokenization for an un-structured textual document and we approach it using Bag Of Words (BOW) and Vector Space Document Model techniques. We have attempted to identify the most frequently occurring lexis in the winnings-announcing UBE documents. The analysis of such top 100 lexis is also presented. We exhibit the relationship between occurrence of a word from the identified lexis-set in the given UBE and the probability that the given UBE will be the one announcing fake winnings. To the best of our knowledge and survey of related literature, this is the first formal attempt for identification of most frequently occurring lexis in winnings-announcing UBE by its textual analysis. Finally, this is a sincere attempt to bring about alertness against and mitigate the threat of such luring but fake UBE.
A LOSSY METHOD FOR COMPRESSING RAW CCD IMAGES

This paper describes a lossy method for compressing raw images produced by CCDs or similar devices. The method is very simple: lossy quantization followed by lossless compression using general-purpose compression tools such as gzip and bzip2. A key feature of the method is that compressed images can be converted to FITS les simply by decompressing with gunzip or bunzip2, and this is a signican t advantage for distributing compressed les. The degree of quantization is chosen to eliminate low-order bits that over-sample the noise, contain no information, and are dicult or impossible to compress. The method is lossy but gives guarantees on the maximum absolute dierence, the expected mean dierence, and the expected RMS dierence between the compressed and original images; these guarantees make it suitable for use on raw images. The method consistently compresses images to roughly 1/5 of their original size with a quantization such that no value changes by more than 1/2 of a standard deviation in the background. This is a dramatic improvement on lossless compression. It appears that bzip2 compresses the quantized images to within a few tens of percent of the theoretical limit.
A Real-Time Thermal Model for Monitoring of Power Semiconductor Devices

A resistance-capacitance (RC) thermal network with temperature-dependent thermal conductivities and heat capacitances is used to calculate the junction temperature of insulated-gate bipolar-transistor modules using a device model realized in Simulink. The collector current IC, collector-emitter voltage VCE, and the case temperature TC measured during the cycling are used as input parameters of the proposed model. The proposed model is easier to implement compared with the thermosensitive electrical parameter (TSEP) method, and it is compared with an RC network with constant thermal conductivity and heat capacitance model and experimentally verified by using a TSEP method. The results of the proposed model show an improvement of the accuracy for determining the junction temperature compared with the model with constant thermal conductivity and heat capacitance.
Large Scale Entity Resolution of Quiz Bowl Questions

Entity resolution is the task of determining which references in a data set refer to distinct real world entities. Many entity resolution techniques have been applied successfully to resolve references with predictable structure. We present a framework for performing entity resolution on clues from a quiz bowl competition to identify clues with the same answer. The clues are natural language text and have very little structure aside from being well formed English sentences. We explore two different blocking algorithms, canopies and iterative blocking, to facilitate scaling to large datasets.
Village Schools in England: At the Heart of Their Community?

Recent debates within UK rural studies have stressed the shifting interplay of economic, social, political and cultural forces, with a concomitant blurring as to what constitutes rural living, rural spaces and even rural occupations. This article situates the rural school within this social, cultural and political landscape and attends to the frequently heralded discursive policy conviction that ‘local schools are at the heart of many rural communities’. The research applies an inclusive model of ethnography, drawing on participant observation, interviews and documentary analysis, to facilitate a multifaceted engagement, and holistic exploration of the role and place of the village school in two contrasting English rural localities.
Association Between a Healthy Heart Score and the Development of Clinical Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Women: Potential Role for Primordial Prevention

Background—The prevailing efforts for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention focused on treatment of common CVD risk factors rather than primordial prevention of risk factors through health behaviors. The previously validated Healthy Heart Score effectively predicted the 20-year risk of CVD in midadulthood; however, it is unknown whether this risk score is associated with clinically relevant CVD risk factors. Methods and Results—We analyzed the association between the Healthy Heart Score and the incidence of clinical CVD risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia among 69 505 US women in the Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII; 1991–2011). The Healthy Heart Score estimates the 20-year CVD risk based on 9 lifestyle factors; thus, a higher score reflected a higher predictive CVD risk. During 20 years, we documented 3275 incident cases of diabetes mellitus, 17 420 of hypertension, and 24 385 of hypercholesterolemia. Women with higher predicted CVD risk based on the Healthy Heart Score (highest quintile versus lowest quintile) had significantly greater risk of each clinical risk factor individually (hazard ratios: 18.1 [95% confidence interval, 14.4–22.7] for diabetes mellitus, 5.10 [4.66–5.57] for hypertension, and 2.57 [2.40–2.75] for hypercholesterolemia). The hazard ratio for developing the high-CVD profile was 52.5 (33.6–82.1). These associations were most pronounced among women who were younger, were nonsmokers, or had optimal weight. Conclusions—An absolute 20-year risk of CVD, estimated by the Healthy Heart Score, was strongly associated with the development of CVD clinically relevant risk factors. This risk score may serve as the first step for CVD risk assessment in primordial prevention.
Learning the Rules for Offering Advice: A Quantitative Approach to Second Language Socialization.

This study focused on changes over time in university-level Japanese students' sociocultural perceptions of social status during the year they studied abroad in Canada and the impact of the changes on their pragmatic use of English when offering advice. The study compared the development of 97 Japanese exchange students' pragmatic competence with that of 102 peers in Japan who did not undertake a year abroad. Results revealed that the former group started lower in pragmatic performance than the latter but then surpassed them, suggesting that living and studying in a target speech community was effective in developing pragmatic competence.
AMELIE accelerates Mendelian patient diagnosis directly from the primary literature

The diagnosis of Mendelian disorders requires labor-intensive literature research. Our software system AMELIE (Automatic Mendelian Literature Evaluation) greatly automates this process. AMELIE parses hundreds of thousands of full text articles to find an underlying diagnosis to explain a patient’s phenotypes given the patient’s exome. AMELIE prioritizes patient candidate genes for their likelihood of causing the patient’s phenotypes. Diagnosis of singleton patients (without relatives’ exomes) is the most time-consuming scenario. AMELIE’s gene ranking method was tested on 215 singleton Mendelian patients with a clinical diagnosis. AMELIE ranked the causal gene among the top 2 in the majority (63%) of cases. Examining AMELIE’s top 10 genes, amounting to 8% of 124 candidate genes with rare functional variants per patient, results in diagnosis for 95% of cases. Strikingly, training only on gene pathogenicity knowledge from 2011 leads to identical performance compared to training on current data. An accompanying analysis web portal has launched at AMELIE.stanford. edu.
A Reduction in Delay Discounting by Using Episodic Future Imagination and the Association with Episodic Memory Capacity

Delay discounting (DD) refers to the phenomenon that individuals discount future consequences. Previous studies showed that future imagination reduces DD, which was mediated by functional connectivity between medial prefrontal valuation areas and a key region for episodic memory (hippocampus). Future imagination involves an initial period of construction and a later period of elaboration, with the more elaborative latter period recruiting more cortical regions. This study examined whether elaborative future imagination modulated DD, and if so, what are the underlying neural substrates. It was assumed that cortical areas contribute to the modulation effect during the later period of imagination. Since future imagination is supported by episodic memory capacity, we additionally hypothesize that the neural network underlying the modulation effect is related to individual episodic memory capacity. Twenty-two subjects received an extensive interview on personal future events, followed by an fMRI DD experiment with and without the need to perform elaborative future imagination simultaneously. Subjects' episodic memory capacity was also assessed. Behavioral results replicate previous findings of a reduced discount rate in the DD plus imagination condition compared to the DD only condition. The behavioral effect positively correlated with: (i) subjective value signal changes in midline brain structures during the initial imagination period; and (ii) signal changes in left prefrontoparietal areas during the later imagination period. Generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analyses reveal positive correlations between the behavioral effect and functional connectivity among the following areas: right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left hippocampus; left inferior parietal cortex (IPC) and left hippocampus; and left IPC and bilateral occipital cortices. These changes in functional connectivity are also associated with episodic memory capacity. A hierarchical multiple regression indicates that the model with both the valuation related signal changes in the right ACC and the imagination related signal changes in the left IPC best predicts the reduction in DD. This study illustrates interactions between the left hippocampus and multiple cortical regions underlying the modulation effect of elaborative episodic future imagination, demonstrating, for the first time, empirical support for a relation to individual episodic memory capacity.
Generating Single and Multi-Document Summaries with GIST EXTER

This paper presents the techniques implemented in GIST EXTER for producing extracts and abstracts from both single and multiple documents. These techniques promote the belief that highly coherent summaries may be generated when using textual information identiﬁed by the Information Extraction technology. The results of GIST EXTER in the DUC-2002 evaluations account for the advantages of using the techniques presented in this paper.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome after Onyx Embolization of Arteriovenous Malformation

Purpose. We report a case of a 60-year-old male who underwent sequential Onyx embolizations of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) which we implicate as the most likely etiology of subsequent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods. Case report and literature review. Results. Shortly after the second Onyx embolization procedure, the patient declined from respiratory failure secondary to pulmonary edema. Clinical entities typically responsible for pulmonary edema including cardiac failure, renal failure, iatrogenic volume overload, negative-pressure pulmonary edema, and infectious etiologies were evaluated and excluded. The patient required mechanical ventilatory support for several days, delaying operative resection. The patient met clinical and radiographic criteria for ARDS. After excluding other etiologies of ARDS, we postulate that ARDS developed as a result of Onyx administration. The Onyx copolymer is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a solvent excreted through the lungs and has been implicated in transient pulmonary side effects. Additionally, a direct toxic effect of the Onyx copolymer is postulated. Conclusion. Onyx embolization and DMSO toxicity are implicated as the etiology of ARDS given the lack of other inciting factors and the close temporal relationship. A strong physiologic rationale provides further support. Clinicians should consider this uncommon but important complication.
Heterochromatin heteromorphism in Holhymenia rubiginosa (Heteroptera: Coreidae)

Members of the Carrera del Investigador Cientifico (CONICET) Abstract. Heterochromatin is one of the most dynamic components in the genome of species. Previous studies on the heterochro- matin content and distribution in Heteroptera (insects with holokinetic chromosomes) have shown that the species belonging to the family Coreidae are interesting model organisms since they show very diverse C bands patterns. In the present work, we analyzed the C-band pattern in individuals of Holhymenia rubiginosa from different populations collected in different years. This species has the diploid karyotype 2n = 27/28 = 24 + 2m + X0/XX (male/female). C-bands are terminally, subterminally or interstitially located on 10-17 chromosomes and a remarkable heterochromatin heteromorphism is observed in the meiotic bivalents: in the presence/absence of bands, in the size of bands and number of bands. A heteromorphism is also inferred in the number of ribosomal genes from the difference in the fluorescent in situ hybridization signals between NOR-homologues. Chiasmata are generally located opposite to conspicuous C-bands, but in some bivalents chiasmata are also observed in close proximity to C-bands. Considering the striking variation in heterochromatin content between individuals and populations it is suggested that heterochromatin should be selectively neutral in H. rubiginosa.
Dynamic Forecasts of Qualitative Variables

This article presents a new Qual VAR model for incorporating information from qualitative and/or discrete variables in vector autoregressions. With a Qual VAR, it is possible to create dynamic forecasts of the qualitative variable using standard VAR projections. Previous forecasting methods for qualitative variables, in contrast, produce only static forecasts. I apply the Qual VAR to forecasting the 2001 business recession out of sample and to analyzing the Romer and Romer narrative measure of monetary policy contractions as an endogenous variable in a VAR. Out of sample, the model predicts the timing of the 2001 recession quite well relative to the recession probabilities put forth at the time by professional forecasters. Qual VARs—which include information about the qualitative variable—can also enhance the quality of density forecasts of the other variables in the system.