Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to augment your ViTs? Consistency loss and StyleAug, a random style transfer augmentation

The Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture has recently achieved competitive performance across a variety of computer vision tasks. One of the motivations behind ViTs is weaker inductive biases, when compared to convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However this also makes ViTs more difficult to train. They require very large training datasets, heavy regularization, and strong data augmentations. The data augmentation strategies used to train ViTs have largely been inherited from CNN training, despite the significant differences between the two architectures. In this work, we empirical evaluated how different data augmentation strategies performed on CNN (e.g., ResNet) versus ViT architectures for image classification. We introduced a style transfer data augmentation, termed StyleAug, which worked best for training ViTs, while RandAugment and Augmix typically worked best for training CNNs. We also found that, in addition to a classification loss, using a consistency loss between multiple augmentations of the same image was especially helpful when training ViTs.
State-of-charge and parameter estimation of lithium-ion battery using dual adaptive filter

In this paper, we propose a cross-referring approach using a dual adaptive filter to estimate the state-of-charge (SOC), full charge capacity (FCC), and resistance of a battery in a real-time manner. Although conventional SOC estimation methods such as the Coulomb counting and the open-circuit voltage (OCV) estimation are commonly used for battery systems, accuracy of their SOC estimates are deteriorated by the presence of errors on the current and voltage measurements of the battery. Moreover, the methods depend on parameters such as the FCC and resistance, both of them gradually vary as the battery degrades, resulting in large SOC estimation errors. In our approach, the FCC and current sensor offset in the Coulomb counting method are estimated by referring the OCV estimation method, while the resistance in the OCV estimation method is estimated by referring the Coulomb counting method, resulting in accurate SOC estimation. The performance of the proposed method is verified through numerical examples based on both simulated and experimental data of a lithium-ion battery (LIB).
Improving Digital Side Channel Protection with Static Analysis Techniques

Side-channel attacks monitor running programs to extract sensitive information from them. Escort combats a broad class of such attacks by performing compiletime transformations which hide the data processed by the resulting binary. Escort focuses on protecting floating point operations. We extend Escort to be able to transform C programs with pointers or complicated control flow that were formally unusable.
Prosodic word grouping with global probability estimation method

In this paper, a global prosodic word grouping probability estimation method is proposed. By using some statistical probabilities of four kinds of lexical word position types, the optimum prosodic word grouping path of a sentence can be obtained with the dynamic programming approach. In addition, some statistical and rule punish or encourage strategies have been used to improve the accuracy of prosodic word grouping. Lastly, experiment results and discussion are presented.
A generic conceptual model and actual systems of IC-card: the case of Japan's IC-card system

In this paper, a generic conceptual model and actual systems of Japan's IC-card system for model-based systems engineering are presented and discussed. First, a generic conceptual model of the IC-card system is discussed. Then Japan's various actual IC-card systems (electronic money, traffic IC-card, and mobile IC-card) are studied using the generic conceptual model of the IC-card system. This paper also specifies how Japan's various actual IC-card systems differ from the generic conceptual model using the model-based approach to systems engineering.
Termiczne pory roku w rejonie Czesławic k. Nałęczowa (1963–2005)

W pracy przedstawiono zmienność dat początków oraz długości 6 termicznych pór roku na obszarze Płaskowyżu Nałęczowskiego w wieloleciu 1963–2005. Do najbardziej zmiennych pór roku w wieloleciu należały zima i przedwiośnie. Odchylenia standardowe dat ich począt-ku wynosiły odpowiednio ok. 18 i 21 dni, a długości ok. 29 i 17 dni. Wiosna i jesień były bardziej stabilne – zarówno w długości, jak i w datach początku. Charakteryzowały się zbliżoną średnią długością w wieloleciu (57 i 58 dni), która zależy głównie od długości lata w danym roku. Lato było najdłuższą porą roku (96 dni) – w rejonie Czesławic zaczyna się przeciętnie pod koniec maja.
The pathophysiology of parkinsonism in multiple system atrophy

Parkinsonism is the principal motor disorder of multiple system atrophy (MSA). In order to explore the pathophysiology of parkinsonism in MSA, we analysed 182 pathological reports from the literature and 35 from the United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank, and have also examined published post‐mortem and in vivo neurochemical data. This review indicates that the brains of MSA patients who had parkinsonism in life show degeneration principally in anatomically related regions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and of the striatum as well as in the globus pallidus. This degeneration affects both “direct” and “indirect” striatal outflow pathways. The degree of dopaminergic response in any one subject at any one point in the evolution of the disease probably relates both to the severity and extent of striatal pathology and also to the balance between degeneration in “indirect” and “direct” striatal outflow pathways and in the pallidum, especially its external part Abnormal oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions are also found in large numbers in most of the basal ganglia structures that show cell loss and gliosis. The precise consequences of their additional presence in motor cortex remain unknown, but disturbance of function in supplementary motor area could also contribute to the extrapyramidal syndrome of MSA.
3,5-Bis(2,4-Difluorobenzylidene)-4-piperidone, a Novel Compound That Affects Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Angiogenesis

Dysregulated Notch signaling plays an important role in the progression of cancer. Notch signaling affects tumor growth and angiogenesis through the actions of its ligand Jagged-1. In this study, we developed a novel compound 3,5-bis(2,4-difluorobenzylidene)-4-piperidone (DiFiD) and determined that it inhibits cancer cell growth and its effects on Notch signaling. Intraperitoneal administration of DiFiD significantly suppressed growth of pancreatic cancer tumor xenografts. There was a reduction in CD31-positive blood vessels, suggesting that there was an effect on angiogenesis. In vitro, DiFiD inhibited the proliferation of various human and mouse pancreatic cancer cells while increasing activated caspase-3. Cell-cycle analyses showed that DiFiD induced G2–M arrest and decreased the expression of cell-cycle–related proteins cyclin A1 and D1 while upregulating cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1. We next determined the mechanism of action. DiFiD reduced Notch-1 activation, resulting in reduced expression of its downstream target protein Hes-1. We further determined that the reduced Notch-1 activation was due to reduction in the ligand Jagged-1 and two critical components of the γ-secretase enzyme complex presenilin-1 and nicastrin. Ectopic expression of the Notch intracellular domain rescued the cells from DiFiD-mediated growth suppression. DiFiD-treated tumor xenografts also showed reduced levels of Jagged-1 and the γ-secretase complex proteins presenilin-1 and nicastrin. Taken together, these data suggest that DiFiD is a novel potent therapeutic agent that can target different aspects of the Notch signaling pathway to inhibit both tumor growth and angiogenesis. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(11); 2146–56. ©2011 AACR.
Characterization of a Novel Hafnium-Based X-ray Contrast Agent

ObjectiveCharacterization of BAY-576, a new x-ray contrast agent which is not based on iodine, but rather on the heavy metal hafnium. Compared with iodine, hafnium provides better x-ray absorption in the energy range of computed tomography (CT) and allows images of comparable quality to be acquired at a significantly reduced radiation dose. Materials and MethodsA range of standard methods were used to explore the physicochemistry of BAY-576 as well as its tolerability in in vitro assays, its pharmacokinetics and toxicology in rats, and its performance in CT imaging in rabbits. ResultsBAY-576 is an extraordinarily stable chelate with a metal content of 42% (wt/wt) and with excellent water solubility. Formulations of 300 mg Hf/mL exhibited viscosity (3.3–3.6 mPa) and osmolality (860–985 mOsm/kg) in the range of nonionic x-ray agents. No relevant effects on erythrocytes, the coagulation, or complement system or on a panel of 87 potential biological targets were observed. The compound did not bind to plasma proteins of a number of species investigated. After intravenous injection in rats, it was excreted fast and mainly via the kidneys. Its pharmacokinetics was comparable to known extracellular contrast agents. A dose of 6000 mg Hf/kg, approximately 10 to 20 times the expected diagnostic dose, was well tolerated by rats with only moderate adverse effects. Computed tomography imaging in rabbits bearing a tumor in the liver demonstrated excellent image quality when compared with iopromide at the same contrast agent dose in angiography during the arterial phase. At 70% of the radiation dose, BAY-576 provided a contrast-to-noise ratio of the tumor, which was equivalent to iopromide at 100% radiation dose. ConclusionsThe profile of BAY-576 indicates its potential as the first compound in a new class of noniodine x-ray contrast agents, which can contribute to the reduction of the radiation burden in contrast-enhanced CT imaging.
Automatic Vortex Core Detection

This case study presents applications of the eigenvector method to recent aeronautical studies at NASA Ames Research Center and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. We highlight its usefulness for detecting flow features such as vortex cores, vortex bursts, spiral vortex breakdowns, and vortex diffusion. The eigenvector method has also been used as a data analysis tool to guide an automatic mesh refinement program and improve the accuracy of a rotorcraft simulation.
Rule based heuristic approach for minimizing total flow time in permutation flow shop scheduling

Original scientific paper Production scheduling plays a vital role in the planning and operation of a manufacturing system. Better scheduling system has a significant impact on cost reduction and minimum work-in-process inventory. This work considers the problem of scheduling n/m/F/ΣCi using Decision Tree (DT) algorithm. Since this problem is known to be strongly NP-hard, this work proposes heuristic based methodology to solve it. The advantages of DT’s are that the dispatching rule is in the form of If-then else rules which are easily understandable by the shop floor people. The proposed approach is tested on benchmark problems available in the literature and compared. The proposed work is a complement to the traditional methods.
Simultaneous rigid E-unification and related algorithmic problems

The notion of simultaneous rigid E-unification was introduced in 1987 in the area of automated theorem proving with equality in sequent-based methods, for example the connection method or the tableau method. Recently, simultaneous rigid E-unification was shown undecidable. Despite the importance of this notion, for example in theorem proving in intuitionistic logic, very little is known of its decidable fragments. We prove decidability results for fragments of monadic simultaneous rigid E-unification and show the connections between this notion and some algorithmic problems of logic and computer science.
Improving short-term prediction from MCI to AD by applying searchlight analysis

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Nowadays, 44 million people worldwide suffer from this neurodegenerative disease. Fortunately, the use of new technologies can help doctors in diagnosing this disease in an increasingly early stage, which is vital to prevent its advance. In this work we have developed a new automatic method to predict if patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will develop AD within one year or, conversely, its impairment will remain stable. This technique is based on the so-called Searchlight, a widely known approach in fMRI but which has not been previously used with structural images. Besides analyzing the intensity of the voxels in each of the subregions defined by the Searchlight, data from two neuro-psychological tests were used during the classification process, achieving an accuracy of 84%.
Effect of clarythromycin on the distant metastases of human lung cancer cells in SCID mice.

Recently, the use of macrolides is suggested to be therapeutically effective in prolonging the survival of patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine therapeutic effects of a macrolide, clarythromycin (CAM) on the metastastic developments of two different human non-small cell lung cancers (squamous cell lung carcinoma RERF-LC-AI, and adenocarcinoma PC-14) in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice depleted or undepleted of natural killer (NK) cells, respectively. CAM, injected subcutaneously at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight/day from day 7 to 41 after i.v. inoculation of human lung cancer cells, was not effective in inhibiting their distant organ metastases in SCID mice. CAM at concentrations of less than 10 micrograms/ml did not have a direct influence on the proliferation of these tumor cells in vitro. Although CAM alone was not effective in augmenting NK activity, it augmented the IL-2-induced killer (LAK) activity against Daudi cells in vitro. These results suggest that CAM alone may not be enough to control the spread of non-small cell lung cancer in the patient with T cell dysfunction.
Chemically Defined Media for Growth of Haemophilus influenzae Strains

ABSTRACT A chemically defined medium that supports the growth of both encapsulated and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae strains in broth to densities that are ≥ 109 CFU/ml or on agar plates is described. The mean generation time of a panel of clinical isolates was comparable to that in rich, chemically undefined media (brain-heart infusion broth supplemented with heme and β-NAD).
Cyclooxygenase‐2 expression in endometrial carcinoma

Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is overexpressed in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, but no data have been reported until now about the expression of COX‐2 and its possible clinical significance in endometrial carcinoma. We investigated by immunohistochemistry the expression of COX‐2 in a single institutional series of primary untreated endometrial carcinoma patients. The relationship between COX‐2 expression and microsatellite instability (MI) status was also analyzed.
A Mycobacterium avium PPE gene is associated with the ability of the bacterium to grow in macrophages and virulence in mice

PPE and PE gene families, which encode numerous proteins of unknown function, account for 10% of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome. Mycobacterium avium genome has similar PPE and PE gene families. Using a temperature‐sensitive phage phAE94 transposon mutagenesis system, a M. avium transposon library was created in the strain MAC109. Screening of individual mutants in human U937 macrophages for the ability to replicate intracellularly, we identified several attenuated clones. One of them, the 2D6 mutant, has a transposon interrupting a PPE gene (52% homologous to Rv 1787 in M. tuberculosis) was identified. The mutant and the wild‐type strain had comparable ability to enter macrophages. Challenge of mice with the 2D6 mutant resulted in approximately 1 log and 2 log fewer bacteria in the spleen, at 1 and 3 weeks after infection, compared with the wild‐type bacterium. The 2D6 mutant grows like the wild‐type bacterium in vitro. Vacuoles containing the 2D6 mutant acidified to pH 4.8; whereas, vacuoles containing wild‐type bacterium were only slightly acidic. It was also observed that, in contrast to the wild‐type bacterium, the 2D6 mutant did not prevent phagosome–lysosome fusion, and it is only expressed within macrophage but not in 7H9 broth. These results revealed a role for this PPE gene in the growth of M. avium in macrophages and in virulence in mice.
Dual-Modality Probes for in Vivo Molecular Imaging

Various imaging modalities have been exploited and are successfully employed to investigate the anatomic or functional dissemination of tissues in the body. However, no single imaging modality allows overall structural, functional, and molecular information as each imaging modality has its own unique strengths and weaknesses. The combination of two popular imaging modalities that investigates the strengths of different methods might offer the prospect of improved diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring abilities. To date, only a few hybrid systems have become clinically adopted, but there are encouraging signs that the new generation of multimodality systems will be undergoing evaluation in the near future. On the other hand, significant progress has been made toward the creation of dual-modality imaging probes, which can be used as novel tools for future multimodality systems. The interdisciplinary research that couples molecular imaging science to nanotechnology has generated synergistically integrated novel dual-modality imaging probes. These all-in-one probes take full advantage of two different imaging modalities and could provide unique information that impacts preclinical and, eventually, clinical diagnostics. This review discusses the advantages and challenges in developing dual-modality imaging probes and summarizes the current state-of-the-art systems with respect to their unique design strategies and applications.
Profile of Sérgio Ferreira

Ferreira is currently a professor of pharmacology at the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, of the University of Sao Paulo in Brazil. He was born in Franca, Sao Paulo and educated at the University of Sao Paolo Medical School. He entered medical school with the intention of becoming a psychiatrist, but discovered that “public psychiatry care in Brazil was rather poor, so I decided to become a scientist, not a psychiatrist. I went to work with a good Brazilian scientist. ”
Phospholipid Metabolism in Mouse Sciatic Nerve In Vivo

Abstract: To probe the activities of various pathways of lipid metabolism in peripheral nerve, six phospholipid‐directed precursors were individually injected into the exposed sciatic nerves of adult mice, and their incorporation into phos‐pholipids and proteins was studied over a 2‐week period. Tritiated choline, inositol, ethanolamine, serine, and glyc‐erol were mainly used in phospholipid synthesis; in contrast, methyl‐labeled methionine was primarily incorporated into protein. Phosphatidylcholine was the main lipid formed from tritiated choline, glycerol, and methionine precursors. Phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol were the main lipids formed from serine, ethanolamine, and inositol, respectively. With time there was a shift in label among phospholipids, with higher proportions of choline appearing in sphingomyelin, glycerol in phosphatidylserine, ethanolamine in phosphatidylethanolamine (plasmalogen), and inositol in polyphosphoinosi‐tides, especially phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate. We suggest that the delay in formation of these phospholipids, which are concentrated in peripheral nerve myelin, may, at least in part, be due to their formation at a site(s) distant from the sites where the bulk of Schwann cell lipids are made. We propose that separating the synthesis of these my‐elin‐destined lipids to near the Schwann cell's plasma membrane would facilitate their concentration in peripheral nerve myelin sheaths. At earlier labeling times, ethanolamine and glycerol were more actively incorporated into phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol, respectively, than later. The transient labeling of these phospholipids may reflect some unique role in peripheral nerve function.
Internet Ecologies of New Mothers: Trust, Variety and Strategies for Managing Diverse Information Sources

New parents are faced with the challenge of quickly acquiring a new base of knowledge, while simultaneously navigating a significant life change. While both new mothers and fathers experience new and unique parental demands, their early caregiving challenges differ and new mothers often search for different types of support and information online. We here present findings from an exploratory interview study of how new first-time mothers navigate online resources as they transition into parenthood. We find that many parenting tasks are supported by a variety of resources, which are often used in combination to accomplish a task. We also found that variety in sources was often valued over general source credibility, and new mothers relied on their own ability to filter information to assess how much to trust information. We also provide more general insight into the methods individuals used to gain domain knowledge in a completely new area.
The Pace of Poverty Reduction ‐ A Fractional Response Approach

The pace of poverty reduction through growth vs. redistribution is at the heart of current debates on equitable development. In this paper, we argue that empirical poverty decompositions should build in the inherent boundedness of the poverty headcount ratio directly. As a solution, we propose a fractional response approach to estimating poverty decompositions, and present extensions dealing with unobserved heterogeneity, measurement error and unbalancedness. Using a large new data set, we estimate income and inequality (semi-)elasticities of poverty for the 2$ a day and 1.25$ a day poverty lines. The models fit the data remarkably well over the entire data range. We highlight the relevance of focusing on semi-elasticities for policy purposes and, building on the improved accuracy of the fractional response results, we present poverty projections from 2010 through 2030. Finally, we discuss some implications of these results for the post-2015 development agenda.
Study on Proteomics Data Integration in Web Environments

In Web environments, proteomics data integration in the life sciences needs to handle the problem of data conflicts arising from the heterogeneity of data resources and from incompatibilities between the inputs and outputs of services used in the analysis of the resources. This paper presents an approach addressing the data conflict problems of proteomics data integration. We describe a proposed proteomics data integration architecture, in which a heterogeneous data integration system interoperates with Web Services and query processing tools for the virtual and materialised integration of a number of proteomics resources, either locally or remotely. Finally, we discuss how the architecture can be further used for supporting data maintenance and analysis activities.
Engineering a device for electron-beam probing

The principles of electron-beam probing for diagnostic work are described. Guidelines are presented to help users of electron-beam probe stations optimize their IC design and manufacturing procedures for electron-beam probing. The guidelines cover: observability, maintaining line of sight, direct versus indirect measuring, using test points, accuracy, improving signal-to-noise ratio, reducing crosstalk, maintaining a consistent environment, usability, reducing acquisition time, packaging, and linking with CAD/CAE databases. <<ETX>>