Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Men's Sexual Aggression in Marriage

The present study investigated husbands' sexual aggression in marriage through both spouses' reports. The sample consisted of 252 maritally discordant heterosexual couples seeking marital therapy and 53 community control couples. Results indicated clinic wives reported significantly higher rates and frequencies of the Husbands' Sexual Coercion factor and the Husbands' Threatened/Forced Sex factor than community wives. The relationship between husbands' physical and sexual violence was also examined. Husbands' Sexual Coercion was associated with their psychological aggression, whereas Husbands' Threatened/Forced Sex was related to moderate and severe physical aggression. Compared to nonabused wives and moderately physically abused wives, severely physically abused wives reported the highest rates and frequencies of Sexual Coercion and Threatened/Forced Sex.
Matching times of leading and following suggest cooperation through direct reciprocity during V-formation flight in ibis

Significance Cooperation in animals is an enigma because it contravenes the basic notion that evolution favors selfish genes that promote only their own well-being. Bird migration in organized V-shaped or echelon formations constitutes such a cooperation dilemma. We show that juvenile Northern bald ibis (Geronticus eremita) cooperate by taking turns and precisely matching times they spend in the advantageous trailing position and in the disadvantageous front position. This time matching is done on a pairwise level. Furthermore, we found evidence that the animals' propensity to reciprocate in leading has a substantial influence on the size and cohesion of the flight formations. This study shows that direct reciprocation can enable cooperation between animals in a natural context. One conspicuous feature of several larger bird species is their annual migration in V-shaped or echelon formation. When birds are flying in these formations, energy savings can be achieved by using the aerodynamic up-wash produced by the preceding bird. As the leading bird in a formation cannot profit from this up-wash, a social dilemma arises around the question of who is going to fly in front? To investigate how this dilemma is solved, we studied the flight behavior of a flock of juvenile Northern bald ibis (Geronticus eremita) during a human-guided autumn migration. We could show that the amount of time a bird is leading a formation is strongly correlated with the time it can itself profit from flying in the wake of another bird. On the dyadic level, birds match the time they spend in the wake of each other by frequent pairwise switches of the leading position. Taken together, these results suggest that bald ibis cooperate by directly taking turns in leading a formation. On the proximate level, we propose that it is mainly the high number of iterations and the immediacy of reciprocation opportunities that favor direct reciprocation. Finally, we found evidence that the animals' propensity to reciprocate in leading has a substantial influence on the size and cohesion of the flight formations.
Throwing the mountains into the lakes: on the perils of nomothetic conceptions of the exercise-affect relationship.

Traditional conceptions of the exercise–affect relationship postulate that moderate-intensity exercise leads to positive affective changes in all or most individuals, and it can, therefore, be prescribed for all individuals involved in exercise programs. This study investigated whether this assumption is true, not only at the level of group averages but also at the level of individuals. Affect was assessed before, during, and after a session of moderate-intensity cycle ergometry using a dimensional conceptualization of affect. Examination of individual responses revealed a diversity of patterns that was masked by aggregate-based analyses. Mean ratings of affective valence were shown to remain stable during exercise, but in actuality almost half of the individuals experienced progressive improvement, whereas the other half experienced progressive deterioration. The diversity of individual affective responses must be taken into account in formulating conceptual models of the exercise–affect relationship and.
GlassTube: a lightweight approach to web application integrity

The HTTP and HTTPS protocols are the corner stones of the modern web. From a security point of view, they offer an all-or- nothing choice to web applications: either no security guarantees with HTTP or both confidentiality and integrity with HTTPS. How- ever, in many scenarios confidentiality is not necessary and even undesired, while integrity is essential to prevent attackers from compromising the data stream. We propose GlassTube, a lightweight approach to web application integrity. GlassTube guarantees integrity at application level, without resorting to the heavyweight HTTPS protocol. GlassTube prevents man-in-the-middle attacks and provides a general method for integrity in web applications and smartphone apps. GlassTube is easily deployed in the form of a library on the server side, and offers flexible deployment options on the client side: from dynamic code distribution, which requires no modification of the browser, to browser plugin and smartphone app, which allow smooth key predistribution. The results of a case study with a web-based chat indicate a boost in the performance compared to HTTPS, achieved with no optimization efforts.
The cognitive interview in policing: negotiating control

This paper highlights the benefits of employing cognitive interviewing techniques with witnesses and police officers following a traumatic incident. The authors note these techniques can facilitate more detailed memory recall by a witness (civilian or police officer) on the context, chronology and individual perceptions prior to, during, and after a critical incident, potentially significant details that can assist police investigators. In contrast, the controlled interview techniques currently used by police may potentially exclude important, contextual details. The cognitive interview process outlined in this paper is soon to be incorporated into police training in New Zealand and Australia (Queensland and Western Australia). When police investigators ask questions of citizens or fellow officers, they are attempting to get honest, complete and worthwhile information. The data they gather are used to reconstruct a scene, situation or encounter and can form a brief of evidence if the matter goes to court. These data are used to initiate a criminal and/or administrative investigation, to form the official record of the event and help to determine the truth of the matter under investigation. A critical goal is to get each witness to provide accurate information, but there is no standard method or “best practice” to achieve this outcome. There are many ways investigators elicit information and, often, it is a “gut feeling” rather than a proven strategy based on evidence that is used to interact with individuals. The purpose of this Briefing Paper is to discuss the cognitive interview technique as a way to conduct interviews and allow individuals to provide proper data to the investigator. First, the foundation of the cognitive interview is summarized, and then examples are provided of how this technique can be used in policing.
A Theory of Political Socialization: Institutional Support and Deradicalization in Britain

When streams of research are isolated from one another by methodological style and ideological character, the fact that they share similar explanatory principles is easily overlooked. Thus, since the 1950s many quantitative and ‘pluralistic’ American studies have argued that political leaders are more likely than the public to support procedural rules of the game. And since at least the 1930s, many qualitative and ‘left-wing’ European commentaries have argued that, in matters of socio-economic policy, members of parliaments become more moderate than their parties' activists. These important claims are embedded in two partial theories which have previously been treated as unrelated, the theories of institutional support and of deradicalization. And yet, different as these theories may be in many respects, they are driven by similar socialization principles which accompany movement from one role in the political system to another. Such socialization principles are a conservative force inculcating both institutional support in procedural rules of the game and deradicalization in orientations towards public policy.
Efficacy of inhaled insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes not controlled with diet and exercise: a 12-week, randomized, comparative trial.

OBJECTIVE Effective type 2 diabetes management requires prompt intervention if glycemic control is not achieved by nonpharmacological means. This study investigates whether inhaled insulin (INH; Exubera) can achieve target glycemic control in patients failing on diet and exercise. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with suboptimal control on diet and exercise (HbA(1c) [A1C] 8-11%) were randomized to 3 months' treatment with either INH before meals (n = 76) or rosiglitazone 4 mg twice a day (n = 69), in conjunction with a diet and exercise regimen. The primary end point was percentage of patients achieving A1C <8.0%. RESULTS The INH and rosiglitazone groups had comparable baseline A1C values (9.5 vs. 9.4%, respectively). Significantly more patients achieved A1C <8.0% (83 vs. 58%, adjusted odds ratio 7.14 [95% CI 2.48-20.58], P = 0.0003), A1C <7.0% (44 vs. 18%, 4.43 [1.94-10.12]), and A1C < or = 6.5% (28 vs. 7.5% 5.34 [1.83-15.57]) with INH. A1C decrease was greater with INH (-2.3% vs. -1.4%, adjusted treatment group difference: -0.89% [95% CI -1.23 to -0.55]) with final mean A1C values of 7.2 and 8.0% for INH and rosiglitazone, respectively. Hypoglycemia (episodes per subject-month) was higher with INH (0.7 vs. 0.05, risk ratio 14.72 [95% CI 7.51-28.83]), with no severe hypoglycemic episodes. Pulmonary function changes were small and comparable between groups. CONCLUSIONS INH could be an effective therapy for people with type 2 diabetes early in the course of their disease.
Responsividad y condicionamiento semántico en relación con el ciclo menstrual

espanolEl trabajo examina el efecto de cambios internos atribuibles al ciclo menstrual en la responsividad y condicionamiento psicofisiologico de un grupo de mujeres normales con ciclos naturales. Los sujetos fueron examinados Premenstrualmente (PM) o Intermenstrualmente (IM), utilizando como variables dependientes medidas psicofisiologicas (Conductancia de la Piel y Tasa Cardiaca) y cuestionarios. Los sujetos IM mostraron mayor responsividad y habituacion en la actividad cardiaca y menores latencias de recuperacion en la conductancia de la piel ante estimulacion auditiva intensa, asi como mayor condicionamiento en la conductancia de la piel (respuestas al segundo intervalo) que los sujetos PM. Las medidas actuales y retrospectivas de estados emocionales mostraron mayor efecto negativo (fatiga y tension) en los sujetos PM y en la fase premestrual. Estos resultados son comparados con los de estudios similares realizados con pacientes fobicas y son discutidos en terminos de diferentes estados emocionales y de activacion fisiologica asociados a las fases menstruales examinadas EnglishThe effect of changes in the internal state attributable to the menstrual cycle upon psychophysiological responsivity and conditioning is examined in a group of young normal women not taking oral contraceptives. Subjects were tested either Premestrually (PM) or Intermestrually (IM) using as dependent variables several measures, from skin conductance and heart rate to self-rating scales and questionnaires. Result showed greater heart rate responsivity and habituation to intense auditory stimulation and faster skin conductance recovery time for IM subjects. They also showed greater skin conductance conditioning effects (second interval responses) than PM subjects. Concurrent and retrospective methods of mood assessment showed greater negative affect (fatigue and tension) for PM subjects and the premenstrual phase. The results are compared to previous similar studies on phobic women and discussed in terms of different physiological arousal and moods associated with the menstrual phases examined.
Combinational logic soft error analysis and protection

Soft errors in combinational logic are increasingly contributing to the systems' failure rate and need to be addressed to ensure dependable operation of an IC. This paper presents first a new method for soft error analysis of combinational logic, second a method for increasing the robustness of combinational logic and third a software tool implementation for performing these operations on Verilog netlists in an automated way with minimum impact on performance. It is shown on ISCAS '85 benchmarks that it is possible to reduce the soft error sensitivity by more than 60% at the cost of 20% in area with a design solution using only standard library cells. Further reduction in area cost is possible when applying the proposed method to the internals of standard library cells. In contrast to transistor sizing approaches, the proposed method benefits from the smaller feature sizes of newer IC process technologies
Confidence of SVM Predictions using a Strangeness Measure

Support vector machines is increasingly used for developing models for online process control. One limitation to its wide-spread use is the lack of information about the confidence in a prediction. Existing approaches to overcome this problem are not suitable for industrial applications due to limited prior information or problematic data sets. A new approach, called the strangeness measure, enables confidence limits for SVM models that are suitable for industrial applications. The advantages of the new measure over other measures are that it requires less a priori information, it takes the data density into account and it is less sensitive to noise and outliers.
Engineering of Multi-Agent Systems to Effectuate Distributed Data Mining Activities

The proliferation of healthcare data has resulted in a large number of concerted efforts to inductively discover ‘useful’ knowledge from the collected data, and indeed interesting results have been reported by health informatics researchers. We argue that with the existence of multiple heterogeneous data repositories in a healthcare enterprise we need to establish a distributed data community, such that any DM effort draws upon the ‘holistic’ data available within the entire healthcare enterprise. When adopting this view, a set of data access and mining issues can be addressed using the well-known software agent technology. The aim of this paper is to propose the methodology of multi-agents system and engineering of individual agent to effectuate distributed DM activities applied to heterogeneous healthcare repositories.
CAUSES OF THE FINANCIAL CRISIS

ABSTRACT Why did the popping of the housing bubble bring the financial system—rather than just the housing sector of the economy—to its knees? The answer lies in two methods by which banks had evaded regulatory capital requirements. First, they had temporarily placed assets—such as securitized mortgages—in off‐balance‐sheet entities, so that they did not have to hold significant capital buffers against them. Second, the capital regulations also allowed banks to reduce the amount of capital they held against assets that remained on their balance sheets—if those assets took the form of AAA‐rated tranches of securitized mortgages. Thus, by repackaging mortgages into mortgage‐backed securities, whether held on or off their balance sheets, banks reduced the amount of capital required against their loans, increasing their ability to make loans many‐fold. The principal effect of this regulatory arbitrage, however, was to concentrate the risk of mortgage defaults in the banks and render them insolvent when the housing bubble popped.
Competencies Through the Eyes of Psychologists: A Closer Look at Assessing Competencies

Competencies have become a leading construct in human resource practices. However, empirical research on competencies has lagged behind resulting in a gap between practice and science. In this study, the focus was on the nature of competencies by examining the relationships of three competency dimensions with cognitive ability, personality and performance during assessment center exercises. Data of 932 applicants participating in a 1-day selection procedure were used. Results showed that to assess the competency dimension Thinking psychologists focus on cognitive ability. To assess the competency dimension Feeling psychologists rely on performance during interview simulation exercises and on measures of personality. In assessing the dimension Power psychologists focus mainly on personality, although they also rely on cognitive ability and performance during interview simulation exercises.
Recovery of temporal information from off-line Arabic handwritten

Summary form only given. In this paper, we present a system of restoration of temporal order in the offline Arabic handwritten tracing. The word image, captured in level of gray from a scanner with a resolution of 300 dpi, passes by four stages of preprocessing: binarization, filtering, smoothing and elimination of the diacritical signs. A first algorithm calculates for every point of the contour a curvature function. The local maximas of this function correspond to the dominant points of the contour. The dominant points correspond to all angular variations on the contour (end of the stroke, cross point, branch point, pocket, buckle.). A sweep of a window of a dimension equal to the triple of the thickness, of the stroke permits to detect cross and branch points of features and a suitable algorithm permits to solve the problem of the temporal order in these ambiguous zones. Finally, another algorithm permits to detect the starting point and to follow the tracing in order to reconstitute the order in which it has been written. The system is improved by an algorithm that treats the particular cases concerning the starting point, the ambiguous zone analysis and the progression of the system at the time of the follow-up of the contour. Preliminary results obtained from our basis (50 words written by 2 people), are: detection of the point of departure: 96%; correct interpretation of ambiguous zones: 95%; and movement of pen (temporal order) recovered: 92%.
Borderline personality disorder and the role of art therapy: A discussion of its utility from the perspective of those with a lived experience

Abstract Drawing on the lived experience of four members of Emergence, a service user-led organisation, this article debates the utility of the term ‘borderline personality disorder’, considers how therapeutic approaches might best address the difficulties associated with the diagnosis and specifically discusses the role art therapy might play in therapeutic processes. We critically engage with the complexities of being given a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. We begin to demonstrate the transcendent possibilities of art therapy for people who struggle with a sense of identity, connection with others and the expression of often intense and polarised emotions, while remaining mindful of the complexities that art therapy may present.
Symphony & Small Worlds as Overlay Networks Kamil Pawlowski Kamil Pawlowski

Introduction This paper presents an experiment in running small world rings (specifically Symphony) as overlay networks on top of various base graphs/networks. The aim of the experiment is to characterize the behavior of small world rings in terms of the graphs on which they are overlaid. The over arching goal of the experiment is to gain an understanding of the applicability of small world rings in real world scenarios. In the model used by this paper nodes in the base network are said to host nodes that belong to the small world ring overlaid on top of it. Nodes in the small world ring maintain their own links (edges), but those links run over the underlying base graph. Thus navigating along the small world ring means visiting all of the base graph nodes that carry those particular ring edges. The specific focus of this paper is the number of base graph nodes that must be visited when traversing the small world ring. Shorter total paths are considered superior. This is sometimes referred to as having lower latency, or shorter distance. This paper finds that if host nodes are chosen at random, assigning small world nodes to those host nodes so that base graph distance between adjacent small world nodes is minimized, results in shorter paths than when the host node to small world node assignment is random. This paper finds that small world rings overlaid on top of data center like tree graphs have shorter total paths than those overlaid on top of random graphs, and Internet like graphs. This also paper finds that when a routing operation is performed on the overlaid ring a reasonable heuristic exists for the number of base graph nodes that are traversed during this operation. This heuristic is: Finally the paper finds that time it takes to route a message around the ring is too large for main line data center applications, and that small world rings are more likely to be useful as command and control infrastructure in datacenters.
Allocating outsourced warranty service contracts

Motivated by our interactions with a leading manufacturer of computers, in this paper we consider static allocation as applied to the problem of minimizing the costs of outsourcing warranty services to repair vendors. Under static allocation, a manufacturer assigns each item to one of several contracted repair vendors; every time a particular item fails, it is sent to its preassigned vendor for repair. In our model, the manufacturer incurs a repair cost each time an item needs repair and also incurs a goodwill cost while items are undergoing repair. We model each service vendor as a finite population multi-server queueing system and formulate the resulting outsourcing problem as an integer-variable resource allocation problem. After establishing convexity results regarding the queue lengths at the repair vendors, we show that marginal allocation is optimal. Through a detailed computational study we compare the optimal algorithm with five static allocation heuristics in terms of time and optimality gap. Our study indicates that the optimal algorithm takes less than a minute to solve industry size problems on average. Further, the commonly used heuristics are far away from the optimal on average, thus emphasizing the benefits of the optimal allocation algorithm. We also compare the optimal static allocation to two simple dynamic allocation heuristics. The results of this study further validate the use of static allocation as a justifiable and easy-to-implement policy. Among other computational insights we show that when the number of items to be allocated is large, a single-server approximation leads to optimal allocations in most of the cases.
Data Flow Analysis in the Presence of Correlated Calls

This thesis presents a technique to improve the precision of data-flow analyses on objectoriented programs in the presence of correlated calls. We say that two method calls are correlated if they are polymorphic (have multiple targets) and are invoked on the same object. Correlated calls are problematic because they can make existing data-flow analyses consider certain infeasible data-flow paths as valid. This leads to loss in precision of the analysis solution. We show how infeasible paths can be eliminated for Inter-procedural Finite Distributive Subset (IFDS) problems, a large class of data-flow analysis problems. We show how the precision of IFDS problems can be improved in the presence of correlated calls, by using the Inter-procedural Distributive Environment (IDE) algorithm to eliminate infeasible paths. Using IDE, we eliminate the infeasible paths and obtain a more precise result for the original IFDS problem. Our analysis is implemented in Scala, using the WALA framework for static program analysis on Java bytecode.