Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Data Stream Analysis Model and Algorithm With Memory Mechanism

Integrated analysis is an important method for data analysis. Aimed at improving the deficiencies of traditional integrated data stream analysis, a human-like remembering and forgetting mechanism is introduced into data stream analysis, and a deep data stream analysis model based on remembering (DSAR) is proposed. Through this remembering and forgetting mechanism, the model regards basic classifiers as system-obtained knowledge and not only stores useful basic classifiers in a “remembering library” to improve prediction stability but also selects good basic classifiers to participate in integrated prediction, thus improving its ability to accommodate conceptual variations. Based on the DSAR model, an integrated deep data stream analysis (DDSA) algorithm is proposed. The algorithm uses the forgetting curve and a selective ensemble classifier to simulate human thinking. Compared with four typical data stream analysis algorithms, the DDSA algorithm has a high classification accuracy and a strong capacity for accommodating concept drift features (CDFs) within data stream analysis. The DDSA is particularly adaptable to complex CDFs in practical applications. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can not only adapt to new concept changes quickly but also effectively resist the impact of random fluctuations on system performance.
Disruption of six open reading frames on chromosome X of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals a cluster of four essential genes

In this study we report the construction and basic phenotypic analysis of six Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion mutants. The open reading frames (ORFs) YJL008C (gene symbol CCT8), YJL010C, YJL011C, YJL012C, YJL017W, and YJL020C from chromosome X have been disrupted by integration of deletion cassettes, comprising the bacterial KanMX4 marker gene and terminal long (LFH) or short (SFH) flanking sequences that are homologous to the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of the respective ORFs. For correct disruption of ORF YJL008C, it was necessary to construct a deletion cassette flanked by 300–350 bp long target guide sequences by LFH–PCR. Transformations using ORF YJL008C gene disruption cassettes synthesized by standard SFH–PCR exclusively resulted in false‐positive or multiple integration events, probably because seven additional genes homologous to CCT8 exist in the yeast genome. The other five ORFs have been disrupted using cassettes generated by SFH–PCR, comprising terminal homologous regions of approximately 50 bp to each target site. Correct genomic integration of the reporter modules was verified by analytical PCR and Southern hybridization. Deletion of YJL008C, YJL010C, YJL011C, and YJL012C was found to be lethal, as shown by sporulation and tetrad analysis. This result is in contrast to the finding that only 16–20% of the genes in S. cerevisiae are estimated to be essential. The four essential genes described in this work are clustered, while the two other non‐essential ORFs are separated by further ORFs. Although the two viable deletion mutants were tested against 60 different inhibitors, heavy metal ions and salts, no phenotype could be detected that co‐segregated with the deletion during meiosis. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Molecular Photovoltaic and Photosystem I Reconstituted Proteoliposomes

Photosynthetic reaction centers are integral plant membrane protein complexes and molecular photovoltaic structures. Photosystem I (PSI)-proteoliposomes were used as vectors for delivery PSIs to the retinoblastoma cells. By using the scanning surface probe microscopy (SSPM) as a diagnostic tool, we report here the measurements of the surface potential of hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine/cholestrol proteoliposomes with reconstituted, functional photosystem I reaction centers.
ALLSTEPS: Curriculum‐driven Learning of Stepping Stone Skills

Humans are highly adept at walking in environments with foot placement constraints, including stepping‐stone scenarios where footstep locations are fully constrained. Finding good solutions to stepping‐stone locomotion is a longstanding and fundamental challenge for animation and robotics. We present fully learned solutions to this difficult problem using reinforcement learning. We demonstrate the importance of a curriculum for efficient learning and evaluate four possible curriculum choices compared to a non‐curriculum baseline. Results are presented for a simulated humanoid, a realistic bipedal robot simulation and a monster character, in each case producing robust, plausible motions for challenging stepping stone sequences and terrains.
Multi-parameter in vivo cardiac magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates normal perfusion reserve despite severely attenuated beta-adrenergic functional response in neuronal nitric oxide synthase knockout mice.

AIMS The role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in regulating contractile function remains controversial, and in regulating myocardial perfusion is uninvestigated. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to phenotype nNOS(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice regarding left ventricular (LV) structure, baseline function, beta-adrenergic responsiveness, and perfusion reserve. METHODS AND RESULTS Cine MRI showed higher LV mass to end-diastolic volume ratio (2.3 +/- 0.2 mg/microL nNOS(-/-) vs. 1.7 +/- 0.1 mg/microL WT; P=0.032) and LV ejection fraction (64.9 +/- 2.1% nNOS(-/-) vs. 55.8 +/- 1.1% WT; P = 0.003) in nNOS(-/-). Myocardial tagging demonstrated similar baseline systolic circumferential strain (Ecc) in nNOS(-/-) and WT. With dobutamine, the normal change in Ecc was nearly absent in nNOS(-/-) (-0.5 +/- 0.3% nNOS(-/-) vs. -2.2 +/- 0.3% WT; P = 0.001), and the systolic strain rate (dEcc/dt) response to dobutamine seen in WT was reduced in nNOS(-/-) (-29 +/- 13%/s nNOS(-/-) vs. -106+/-16%/s WT; P = 0.001). Diastolic strain rate increased significantly with dobutamine only in WT. Arterial spin labelling showed that baseline perfusion and perfusion reserve with either dobutamine or an adenosine receptor agonist are normal in nNOS(-/-). CONCLUSION MRI provides non-invasive in vivo evidence that nNOS does not play a role in basal contractile function or myocardial perfusion, but is required for increasing cardiac inotropy and lusitropy upon beta-adrenergic stimulation.
Comparative study of enterovirus 71 infection of human cell lines

The cell tropism of enterovirus 71 (Enteroviridae) in neuronal, glial and laryngeal cells. The 4643 strain, an enterovirus 71 isolate from a patient in Taiwan, was used to infect three human cell lines representing neuronal cells (SK‐N‐SH, neuroblastoma), glial cells (U373MG, glioblastoma), and laryngeal cells (HEp‐2, larynx epidermoid carcinoma). Immunofluorescent staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to detect mature enterovirus 71 4643 virions in these cell lines. The three cell lines were also compared for presence of virus‐mediated cytopathic effect (CPE), synthesis of infected cell‐specific proteins, viral (−) RNA, and virus replication rate. Virus particles were detected by TEM, and viral replication increased over time, indicating the existence and release of mature viruses from all three infected cell lines. The most severe CPE and the highest viral replication rate were observed in the SK‐N‐SH cells. Further screening of the infected cell lines by microarray analysis revealed that the neuron growth factor receptor (NGFR) gene was uniquely upregulated in infected SK‐N‐SH cells, implying that the receptor encoded by this gene may be involved in cell tropism. The data show that neurons are vulnerable to enterovirus 71 4643 infection and are consistent with the clinical observation that enterovirus 71 4643 targets mainly neuronal cells but is also found in many organs in conjunction with an inflammatory reaction. J. Med. Virol. 70:109–118, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arnoldi Preconditioning for Solving Large Linear Biomedical Systems

Simulations of biomedical systems often involve solving large, sparse, linear systems of the form Ax = b. In initial value problems, this system is solved at every time step, so a quick solution is essential for tractability. Iterative solvers, especially preconditioned conjugate gradient, are attractive since memory demands are minimized compared to direct methods, albeit at a cost of solution speed. A proper preconditioner can drastically reduce computation and remains an area of active research. In this paper, we propose a novel preconditioner based on system order reduction using the Arnoldi method. Systems of orders up to a million, generated from a finite element method formulation of the elliptic portion of the bidomain equations, are solved with the new preconditioner and performance is compared with that of other preconditioners. Results indicate that the new method converges considerably faster, often within a single iteration. It also uses less memory than an incomplete LU decomposition (ILU). For solving a system repeatedly, the Arnoldi transformation must be continually recomputed, unlike ILU, but this can be done quickly. In conclusion, for solving a system once, the Arnoldi preconditioner offers a greatly reduced solution time, and for repeated solves, will still be faster than an ILU preconditioner
Body size and colorectal‐cancer risk

Individuals whose energy intake exceeds expenditure are at increased risk of colorectal cancer. To determine whether body‐size measurements at different ages were risk factors for cancer of the colon‐rectum, we carried out a hospital‐based case‐control study in 6 Italian areas, 2 of which were in the South. Interviews were conducted with 1,217 subjects of both genders with incident histologically confirmed cancer of the colon, 726 with cancer of the rectum, and 4,136 controls hospitalized for acute, non‐neoplastic, non‐digestive conditions. The questionnaire included information on sociodemographic factors, and physical activity, a validated dietary history, height, weight at diagnosis and at 12, 30 and 50 years of age and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR). After allowance for education, physical activity, energy intake, family history of colorectal cancer and recent change in weight, the body‐mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with colorectal‐cancer‐risk in men (odds ratio, OR, in highest vs. lowest quintile = 1.7; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.3–2.3), but not in women (corresponding OR = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.7–1.2). Cases of both gender tended to have higher BMI than controls in adolescence, young adulthood and middle age. Height appeared unrelated to risk. In women, but not in men, WHR was positively associated with risk, independently of BMI (OR for ≥0.90 vs. ≤0.81 = 1.6; 95% CI; 1.2–2.1). Thus, excessive weight predicts colorectal‐cancer risk in men, whereas abdominal obesity (i.e., a high WHR) represents a more reliable risk indicator in women. Int. J. Cancer 78:161–165, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soil erosion estimation with a WebGIS-based platform

This paper presents a effective WebGIS -based extendable mechanism to support soil erosion estimation and monitoring. A WebGIS platform can collect and integrate relative information from multiple and distributed sources and further derive required information for soil erosion estimation using distributed web services or software components. A prototype system was developed following this mechanism for Yunnan, China and used to estimate soil erosion in that area. The results demonstrate that this mechanism efficiently estimates soil erosion, involves public participation, and is accessible and transparent via the internet. We argue that the WebGIS-based mechanism provide practical solutions for complex projects involving multiple stakeholders.
Phospholipase D1 Production of Phosphatidic Acid at the Plasma Membrane Promotes Exocytosis of Large Dense-core Granules at a Late Stage*

Substantial efforts have recently been made to demonstrate the importance of lipids and lipid-modifying enzymes in various membrane trafficking processes, including calcium-regulated exocytosis of hormones and neurotransmitters. Among bioactive lipids, phosphatidic acid (PA) is an attractive candidate to promote membrane fusion through its ability to change membrane topology. To date, however, the biosynthetic pathway, the dynamic location, and actual function of PA in secretory cells remain unknown. Using a short interference RNA strategy on chromaffin and PC12 cells, we demonstrate here that phospholipase D1 is activated in secretagogue-stimulated cells and that it produces PA at the plasma membrane at the secretory granule docking sites. We show that phospholipase D1 activation and PA production represent key events in the exocytotic progression. Membrane capacitance measurements indicate that reduction of endogenous PA impairs the formation of fusion-competent granules. Finally, we show that the PLD1 short interference RNA-mediated inhibition of exocytosis can be rescued by exogenous provision of a lipid that favors the transition of opposed bi-layer membranes to hemifused membranes having the outer leaflets fused. Our findings demonstrate that PA synthesis is required during exocytosis to facilitate a late event in the granule fusion pathway. We propose that the underlying mechanism is related to the ability of PA to alter membrane curvature and promote hemi-fusion.
Low-cost haptic-aural virtual environments for way-finding by children with congenital blindness: feasibility study

People who are blind find that navigating in new environments constitutes a major hurdle in their road to independence. This study proposes a system which may aid them in overcoming this obstacle. The HaptiGuide is an affordable system which employs a standard desktop computer and a commercially available off-the-shelf haptic joystick. The HaptiGuide enables the construction of simple two dimensional haptic-aural virtual environments. Navigating by the haptic joystick, the user may virtually explore a new environment prior to encountering it in the physical world. This study describes a feasibility study, where nine children who are congenitally blind, were introduced to a novel environment via the HaptiGuide. After traversing the virtual environment, the participants were asked to perform various wayfinding tasks in the equivalent physical environment. In addition, there was a control condition where the participants were introduced to a similar but different novel environment via a direct experience approach. In this condition the participants were personally guided in the physical environment, and then asked to perform wayfinding tasks within the environment. The results indicate that the participants indeed generalized the knowledge acquired during the virtual exploration, and successfully applied it to the physical environment. Preliminary data analysis suggests that performance speed was not diminished compared to that of the control condition. We conclude that the HaptiGuide appears to be feasible and merits further research and development
Nonlinear Optical Imaging to Evaluate the Impact of Obesity on Mammary Gland and Tumor Stroma

Obesity is an established risk factor for breast cancer incidence and mortality. However, the mechanism that links obesity to tumorigenesis is not well understood. Here we combined nonlinear optical imaging technologies with an early-onset diet-induced obesity breast cancer animal model to evaluate the impact of obesity on the composition of mammary gland and tumor stroma. Using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and second harmonic generation on the same platform, we simultaneously imaged mammary adipocytes, blood capillaries, collagen fibrils, and tumor cells without any labeling. We observed that obesity increases the size of lipid droplets of adipocytes in mammary gland and collagen content in mammary tumor stroma, respectively. Such impacts of obesity on mammary gland and tumor stroma could not be analyzed using standard two-dimensional histologic evaluation. Given the importance of mammary stroma to the growth and migration of tumor cells, our observation provides the first imaging evidence that supports the relationship between obesity and breast cancer risk.
Autophagy impairment by Helicobacter pylori‐induced methylation silencing of MAP1LC3Av1 promotes gastric carcinogenesis

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection induces methylation silencing of tumor suppressor genes causing gastric carcinogenesis. Impairment of autophagy induces DNA damage leading to genetic instability and carcinogenesis. We aimed to identify whether H. pylori infection induced methylation silencing of host autophagy‐related (Atg) genes, impairing autophagy and enhancing gastric carcinogenesis. Gastric mucosae were obtained from 41 gastric cancer patients and 11 healthy volunteers (8 H. pylori‐uninfected and 3 H. pylori‐infected). Methylation status of Atg genes was analyzed by a methylation microarray and quantitative methylation‐specific PCR (qMSP); mRNA expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR). Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed in normal rat gastric epithelial cells. Gene knock‐down was performed by siRNA. Autophagy was assessed by western blotting. Of 34 Atg genes, MAP1LC3A variant 1 (MAP1LC3Av1) and ULK2 were identified by methylation microarray analysis as exhibiting specific methylation in H. pylori‐infected mucosae and gastric cancer tissues. Methylation silencing of MAP1LC3Av1 was confirmed by qMSP, qRT‐PCR and de‐methylation treatment in two gastric cancer cell lines. Knock‐down of map1lc3a, the rat homolog of the human MAP1LC3Av1, inhibited autophagy response and increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion in normal rat gastric epithelial cells, despite the presence of map1lc3b, the rat homolog of the human MAP1LC3B gene important for autophagy. Furthermore, MAP1LC3Av1 was methylation‐silenced in 23.3% of gastric cancerous mucosae and 40% of non‐cancerous mucosae with H. pylori infection. MAP1LC3Av1 is essential for autophagy and H. pylori‐induced methylation silencing of MAP1LC3Av1 may impair autophagy, facilitating gastric carcinogenesis.
Junction temperature measurements via thermo-sensitive electrical parameters and their application to condition monitoring and active thermal control of power converters

The temperature of a power semiconductor device is important for both its optimal operation and reliability. If the temperature is known during the operation of a converter, it can be used to monitor the health of power modules: a measurement of aging, scheduling of maintenance, or even implementation of active thermal control to reduce losses and increase lifetime can be performed given an accurate knowledge of temperature. Temperature measurements via thermo-sensitive electrical parameters (TSEP) are one way to carry out immediate temperature readings on fully packaged devices. However, successful implementation of these techniques during the actual operation of a device has not yet been achieved. This paper provides an overview of literature where the usage of TSEPs has been hypothesised or realised in realistic power electronic converter setups. Barriers and limitations preventing wider scale implementation of these methods are discussed. Their potential use in the aforementioned goals in condition monitoring and active thermal control is also described.
Cold‐sensitive and caffeine‐supersensitive mutants of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe dis genes implicated in sister chromatid separation during mitosis.

We isolated novel classes of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cold‐sensitive dis mutants that block mitotic chromosome separation (nine mapped in the dis1 gene and one each in the dis2 and dis3 genes). Defective phenotype at restrictive temperature is similar among the mutants; the chromosomes condense and anomalously move to the cell ends in the absence of their disjoining so that they are unequally distributed at the two cell ends. Synchronous culture analyses indicate that the cells can enter into mitosis at normal timing but become lethal during mitosis. In comparison with the wild‐type mitosis, defects are found in the early spindle structure, the mitotic chromosome structure, the poleward chromosome movement by the spindle elongation and the telophase spindle degradation. The dis mutants lose at permissive temperature an artificial minichromosome at higher rates than occur in the wild type. We found that all the dis mutants isolated are supersensitive to caffeine at permissive temperature. Furthermore, the mutant cells in the presence of caffeine produce a phenotype similar to that obtained at restrictive temperature. We suggest that the dis genes are required for the sister chromatid separation at the time of mitosis and that caffeine might affect the dis gene expression. We cloned, in addition to the dis2+ and dis3+ genes, multicopy extragenic suppressor sequences which complement dis1 and dis2 mutations. A complex regulatory system may exist for the execution of the dis+ gene functions.
Protons activate a cation conductance in a sub‐population of rat dorsal root ganglion neurones.

1. The responses of adult and neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones to buffered acidic solutions were studied with both voltage clamp and radioactive ion flux techniques. Electrophysiological experiments were made on acutely isolated neurones and ion flux experiments were made on cells that had been in culture for 3‐6 days. 2. Acid solutions of pH < 6.2 evoked a sustained, slowly inactivating inward current in neurones voltage clamped at negative holding potentials. The size of the current increased with increasing proton concentrations. This response was restricted to a sub‐population (approximately 45%) of adult and neonatal rat DRG neurones and was distinct from a rapidly activating and inactivating proton‐induced inward sodium current that was also found in DRG neurones. 3. The proton‐activated sustained current was due to an increase in cation conductance that allowed K+, Cs+ and Na+ to pass with PK/PNa = 1.32 and PCs/PNa = 1.12. 4. Radioactive ion efflux experiments made on neonatal rat cultured DRG neurones showed that protons also increased the permeability to both [14C]guanidinium and 86Rb+ ions. The half‐maximal increase in efflux rate for 86Rb+ occurred at pH 5.8. Acid solution also stimulated the efflux of 86Rb+ in cultures of adult rat neurones. 5. Cells that showed a late, sustained proton‐activated current also responded to capsaicin. In addition, no proton‐activated fluxes of either [14C]guanidinium or 86Rb+ ions were observed in cultures of DRG neurones that had been treated with high concentrations of capsaicin (10 microM) to kill the capsaicin‐sensitive neurones. Thus this proton‐activated current is restricted largely, if not exclusively, to capsaicin‐sensitive peripheral sensory neurones.
Suicide Polymerase Endonuclease Restriction, a Novel Technique for Enhancing PCR Amplification of Minor DNA Templates

ABSTRACT PCR-based molecular analyses can be hindered by the presence of unwanted or dominant DNA templates that reduce or eliminate detection of alternate templates. We describe here a reaction in which such templates can be exclusively digested by endonuclease restriction, leaving all other DNAs unmodified. After such a modification, the digested template is no longer available for PCR amplification, while nontarget DNAs remain intact and can be amplified. We demonstrate the application of this method and use denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to ascertain the removal of target DNA templates and the subsequent enhanced amplification of nondigested DNAs. Specifically, plastid 16S rRNA genes were exclusively digested from environmental DNA extracted from plant roots. In addition, pure culture and environmental DNA extracts were spiked with various amounts of genomic DNA extracted from Streptomyces spp. , and selective restriction of the Streptomyces 16S rRNA genes via the suicide polymerase endonuclease restriction PCR method was employed to remove the amended DNA.