Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure simulation of screen printed local back surface field for rear passivated silicon solar cells

The research of this paper was focused on the simulation of screen printed Local Back Surface Field (LBSF) for the rear passivated solar cells. The thickness, homogeneity and cavity effect were studied. According to the simulation results, the thickness of LBSF should be at least 2 μm in order to gain high efficiency of solar cells. If LBSF was thick enough, the homogeneity of LBSF had less impact on the cell performance. However, the incomplete formation of LBSF layer would drastically decrease the open circuit voltage (Voc) of cells. The thinnest part of an inhomogeneous LBSF should be 1 to 2 μm at the least. As for the influence of the cavities inside the local contacts, a single long cavity would cause a power loss of 8.20% to 11.15% relatively, and the cavity group made up of many long cavities would cause a power loss of about 11.53% to100% relatively.
Cross-Validating Regression Models in Marketing Research

In this paper, a formal test on prediction errors is developed for the cross-validation of regression models under the simple random splitting framework. Analytic as well as simulation results relate the statistical power of the test to the allocation of sample observations to estimation and validation subsets. The results indicate that splitting the data into halves is suboptimal. More observations should be used for estimation than validation. Furthermore, the proportion of the sample optimally devoted to validation is small for very limited samples N 60. However, although the 50/50 split is suboptimal, it is not tremendously so in a wide variety of circumstances.
Communication and consultation in a greenfield site company

Explores employee experiences of HRM within a division of a non‐unionised Korean owned MNC, which comprised a mix of greenfield site and brownfield site factories. Explores employee perceptions of the effectiveness of communication and consultation within the company. Incorporates a consideration of the role that gossip, rumour and the grapevine play when formal systems for communication and consultation are not trusted. Examines the conditions that led to a disjunction between the existence of “sophisticated HRM” systems for communication and consultation and positive outcomes in the workplace. Concludes that management action and behaviour were more important in determining HR outcomes than “typical” greenfield site variables such as a brand new factory or a “new” employment philosophy.
Standardizing skin biopsy sampling to assess rejection in vascularized composite allotransplantation

Over 70 hands and 20 faces have been transplanted during the past 13 yr, which have shown good to excellent functional and esthetic outcomes. However, (skin) rejection episodes complicate the post‐operative courses of hand and face transplant recipients and are still a major obstacle to overcome after reconstructive allotransplantation. This article summarizes all relevant information on the skin component and rejection of a vascularized composite allograft. As more and more centers plan to implement a vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) program, we further develop guidelines and recommendations on collection and processing of skin biopsies from hand and face allograft recipients. This will help to standardize post‐operative monitoring, avoid pitfalls for those new in the field and facilitate comparison of data on VCA between centers.
A CMOS current driver with built-in common-mode signal reduction capability for EIT

This paper presents an integrated fully differential current driver for wearable multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography (EIT). The integrated circuit (IC) comprises a wideband current driver (up to 500 kHz) functioning as the master for current sourcing, and a differential voltage receiver with common-mode feedback configuration as the slave for current sinking. The IC is fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology. It operates from ±1.65 V power supplies and occupies a total die area of less than 0.05 mm2. The current driver has a measured output impedance of 750 kΩ at 500 kHz and provides a common-mode signal reduction of 32 dB at 500 kHz. The application of the IC in a wearable EIT lung monitoring system is presented.
Changes in Levels of Viremia in Cattle Persistently Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Virus isolation and serum neutralizing antibody titers were determined over a period of time from samples collected from animals persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). To evaluate over time the ability to detect BVDV by virus isolation from serum or white blood cell preparations, 4 persistently infected calves were monitored from birth until 70 days of age. In 3 of 4 persistently infected calves, virus isolation from serum and white blood cells was negative until approximately 42 days of age, when colostral antibody had declined. The level of viremia in 7 adult (>12 months) persistently infected animals decreased by 1 10-fold dilution over at least a 2-year period. The level of viremia became undetectable by virus isolation from serum in 1 of the 7 animals examined. This decline was associated with the development of virus neutralizing antibody. Although the level of viremia is fairly stable within persistently infected animals, the presence of specific neutralizing antibody may affect the ability to isolate BVDV. These findings are important when considering diagnostic testing to identify persistently infected animals by virus isolation.
Exploring Cross-National Differences in Organizational Buyers’ Normative Expectations of Supplier Performance

The authors analyze data from two cross-national studies to explore differences in organizational buyers’ normative expectations of supplier performance. These normative expectations encompass what buyers perceive as business standards or norms, regardless of product/service, supplier, or industry. The first study (four countries) pinpoints the normative expectations that help explain why managers across countries may evaluate the same supplier performance differently. The second study provides an illustrative example of these differences in a separate sample drawn from the same four countries. The inclusion of such normative expectations of supplier performance has the potential to add explanatory power to models of performance evaluation in international business-to-business relationships. The findings suggest that if differences in normative expectations of supplier performance are not taken into account, performance ratings may be distorted indicators of actual performance.
Selective Expression of the Cre Recombinase in Late-Stage Thymocytes Using the Distal Promoter of the Lck Gene1

Transgenic mouse lines were generated that express the Cre recombinase under the control of the distal promoter of the mouse Lck gene. Cre recombination in four of these lines of transgenic mice was characterized at the single cell level using ROSA26-regulated loxP-Stop-loxP-βgeo and loxP-Stop-loxP-YFP reporter mouse lines. Two of the lines showed T cell-restricted Cre recombination, whereas the other two also expressed Cre in B cells, NK cells, and monocytes. Cre recombination began at a late stage of T cell development (at or after up-regulation of the TCR during positive selection) in the two T cell-restricted lines. Lines of mice that express the Cre recombinase at late stages of thymocyte development are of value for determining the impact of mutations on T cell function in the absence of complicating effects on early thymocyte selection.
Legal Considerations of Tax Evasion and Tax Avoidance

The study of fiscal non-compliance - in particular, that of tax evasion - is quite extensive in the literature of economics. Lawyers do not show much interest in fiscal anomalies. An exception for this is perhaps tax avoidance which is usually interpreted as the problem of the form and substance. Apart from the modest interest in irregularities in fiscal law, the legal theories of obedience, or disobedience, and coherence have grown significantly, thanks to the precept of William Ross on prima facie duties or the concept introduced later by John Rawls on the reflective equilibrium. This paper is an attempt to apply the categories explored by legal philosophy to the developments of fiscal law.
Misalignment contribution to the autocollimator's scale distortion

In this article we present a new method for measuring the misalignment distortion caused by the lenses of the system used as a visual interface for a Nikon 6B autocollimator. This interface is used for making angle measurements using image processing techniques. This research paper studies the interaction between the optical systems of the interface's camera and the autocollimator. With the proposed method it is possible to quantify tolerances for the assembly process of the camera with the autocollimator. Furthermore, it is possible to quantify the contribution of the camera's misalignment induced by the environment (thermal gradients, for example) to the uncertainty in the autocollimator's scale calibration.
Fast-track assessment clinic: selection of patients for a one-stop hip assessment clinic.

INTRODUCTION The fast-track assessment clinic (FTAC) is a process to select patients who are very likely to require primary total hip replacement. Selected patients can then be seen in a one-off clinic reducing the number of hospital visits, cost to primary care trusts and delay between referral and treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty patients on the waiting list for hip replacement were analysed to see if there were common parameters that led to their inclusion. From these data, fast-track selection criteria (FTSCs) were generated. These FTSCs were used to make a dual comparison of outcomes between 52 patients seen in a traditional clinic. Finally, a pilot study was conducted in which patients fulfilling FTSCs were seen in a designated clinic. RESULTS An Oxford hip score (OHS) of 34 and above combined with severe loss of joint space, severe marginal osteophytes, or both was common to most patients on the waiting list (84%). FTSCs correctly predicted the outcome of the orthopaedic clinic in 38 patients out of a total of 52. During the pilot stage, positive FTSCs were shown to have a positive predictive value of 92% for joint replacement being carried out and a negative predictive value of 46%. CONCLUSIONS An OHS of 34 or above combined with complete loss of joint space and/or severe marginal osteophyte formation can be used to select patients who are very likely to need total hip replacement. These patients can be seen in a clinic that combines assessment of surgical indication with medical fitness for surgery.
Investigating the impact of alternative evolutionary selection strategies on multi-method global optimization

Algorithm selection is an important consideration in multi-method global optimization. This paper investigates the use of various algorithm selection strategies derived from well known evolutionary selection mechanisms. Selection strategy performance is evaluated on a diverse set of floating point benchmark problems and meaningful conclusions are drawn with regard to the impact of selective pressure on algorithm selection in a multi-method environment.
Effect of technique and impression material on the vertical misfit of a screw-retained, three-unit implant bridge: An in vitro study

Introduction: A dental impression is a negative imprint of an oral structure that can be used to produce a positive cast of a patient's teeth as a permanent record. The accuracy of the impression affects the accuracy of the cast, and a precise impression is needed in order to create prosthesis with optimal fitting. Minimization of misfit is an important aim in prosthesis science and dental implants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the materials and techniques used to take an impression on the vertical misfit of implant-supported, screw-retained, three-unit bridges. Materials and Methods: The principal model used was an acrylic block with two ITI implants. A 1.5-mm abutment was attached to fixtures with torque of 25 N.cm. A base-metal framework was built on the abutment in the acrylic block. The abutments of the acrylic model were unscrewed and fixture-level impressions were made. The impression techniques included open/closed-tray techniques and the impression materials were polyether and polyvinyl siloxane. Forty acrylic custom trays were built for each impression. The marginal gap in the framework at three points (buccal, lingual, and distal) was measured using an optical microscope with ×250. Results: It is demonstrated that in all 360 evaluated samples, the mean vertical misfit in polyether samples of molar and premolar teeth was significantly lower than in polyvinyl siloxane (P < 0.001 and P = 0.017, respectively) in all three locations of the molar and lingual premolar examined (buccal, lingual, and distal), the mean vertical misfit of the polyether samples was significantly lower than those of polyvinyl siloxane (P < 0.01). On the other hand, although the mean vertical misfit using the open-tray technique in the molar teeth was significantly lower than with the closed-tray method (P = 0.002), no statistical difference was seen between the open-tray and closed-tray technique in general (P = 0.87). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: The impression method had no effect on marginal discrepancy of 3-unit screw retained fixed partial dentures. A higher marginal accuracy was obtained using polyether impression material compared to polyvinyl siloxane.
Swallowing and dysphagia rehabilitation: translating principles of neural plasticity into clinically oriented evidence.

PURPOSE This review presents the state of swallowing rehabilitation science as it relates to evidence for neural plastic changes in the brain. The case is made for essential collaboration between clinical and basic scientists to expand the positive influences of dysphagia rehabilitation in synergy with growth in technology and knowledge. The intent is to stimulate thought and propose potential research directions. METHOD A working group of experts in swallowing and dysphagia reviews 10 principles of neural plasticity and integrates these advancing neural plastic concepts with swallowing and clinical dysphagia literature for translation into treatment paradigms. In this context, dysphagia refers to disordered swallowing associated with central and peripheral sensorimotor deficits associated with stroke, neurodegenerative disease, tumors of the head and neck, infection, or trauma. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The optimal treatment parameters emerging from increased understanding of neural plastic principles and concepts will contribute to evidence-based practice. Integrating these principles will improve dysphagia rehabilitation directions, strategies, and outcomes. A strategic plan is discussed, including several experimental paradigms for the translation of these principles and concepts of neural plasticity into the clinical science of rehabilitation for oropharyngeal swallowing disorders, ultimately providing the evidence to substantiate their translation into clinical practice.
Adaptive resource allocation within three-stage OFDM relay networks

In this work we consider OFDM transmission, due to its potential for meeting the stringent quality of service (QoS) targets of next-generation broadband distributed wireless networks, over three-stage relay networks. In particular, we examine distributed adaptive space-frequency coding for generally asynchronous links composed of four transmit and/or receive antennas, i.e. exploiting quasi-orthogonal and extended-orthogonal coding schemes. The successful deployment of these closed-loop methods is dependent upon channel state information (CSI) being available for each stage of the network. Taking the maximum end-to-end data rate as the optimal criterion, an adaptive resource allocation (RA) scheme suitable for a wide range of signal-to-noise-ratios (SNRs) and a prescribed transmit power budget is proposed to distribute appropriate resources to each stage based on the channel state information (CSI) and knowledge of the network topology.
Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor with a sarcomatous component recurring as high‐grade myxofibrosarcoma

Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) of the soft tissue is a rare distinctive tumor listed as a benign neoplasm in the new World Health Organization classification. It may recur and most reported recurrent tumors retained the typical morphological appearance of PHAT; rare tumors recurred with the appearance of a sarcoma. Reported herein is an additional example of recurrent PHAT, but in contrast to the previously described cases the present tumor morphologically qualified as a sarcoma from the very beginning; it recurred as a high‐grade myxofibrosarcoma. A 76‐year‐old woman presented with a solitary subcutaneous tumor in the axilla that was surgically removed. Seven months later, the patient experienced a local recurrence. Microscopically, the typical features of PHAT were identified in the initial lesion, namely hyalinized, fibrin‐containing vessels and pleomorphic stromal cells; there were areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. Additionally, peripherally located areas of the tumor manifested highly pleomorphic cells with frequent atypical mitoses, producing a sarcomatous appearance. The mitotic index in the sarcomatous part was 1/10 high‐power fields (HPF). Hyalinized, fibrin‐containing vessels were absent in these sarcomatous areas, and the stroma was myxoid. The recurrent lesion was composed of large highly pleomorphic oval, round, spindled or bizarre cells with a high mitotic rate, ranging from 3/10 HPF to 7/10 HPF. The neoplastic cells were arranged haphazardly in a myxoid matrix. Hyalinized, fibrin‐containing vessels typical for PHAT were absent. PHAT may be more aggressive than previously thought, and PHAT may encompass a morphological spectrum of the lesion ranging from benign to malignant.
Improvements in LC/Electrospray Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry Performance Using an Off-Axis Nebulizer.

Charged residues from the electrospray process have been hypothesized to limit the sensitivity and dynamic range of an ion trap mass spectrometry operation. Incorporation of an off-axis nebulizer (positioned 90-95° from the sampling orifice) was found to drastically reduce the detrimental effects caused by the charged particles or droplets compared to typical on-axis nebulization configurations (spraying 10-20° from sampling orifices). The off-axis nebulizer reduced total ion currents that enter the ion trap (through the reduction of charged residues) by a factor of 5-7 while resulting in an increase of analyte [M + H](+) signal by a factor of 6 compared to an on-axis sprayer at flow rates of 20 μL/min. At higher flow rates (e.g., 800 μL/min) these enhancements are more evident. At flows greater than 200 μL/min, off-axis nebulization reduced total ion current that enters the ion trap by a factor of 30 and resulted in a factor of more than 20 increase in [M + H](+) signal relative to on-axis nebulization. Incorporation of the off-axis nebulizer improved the detection limit and precision for determination of dihydroxyvitamin D(3) in plasma compared to on-axis nebulization. The LC/MS/MS detection limits obtained for the off-axis nebulizer on the ion trap was within a factor of 2 from the detection limit determined by the triple quadrupole. The relative standard deviation of the dihydroxyvitamin D(3) determination was less than 8% for both off-axis ion trap and triple-quadrupole determinations.
A Systematic Approach to Scale Development in Tourist Shopping Satisfaction

Tourism shopping has been acknowledged as a primary travel motive. Yet research on the underlying dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of tourist shopping satisfaction has not received adequate attention. The objective of this article is to explore tourist shopping satisfaction and examine its dimensionality. The authors systematically develop a scale that conceptualizes tourists’ shopping satisfaction as a four-dimensional construct that reflects tourists’ satisfaction of service product and environment, merchandise value, staff service quality, and service differentiation during their shopping excursion. Using this scale, the authors examine a structural model linking tourist facilities, as major destination attributes, to shopping satisfaction and shopping experience. This article ends with a discussion of the implications and future research directions.
How Public Officials Gain Policy Influence—Lessons from Local Government in Sweden

That public officials influence public policy is generally agreed upon, but the issue of how individual officials gain this influence is less developed in the literature. Here, the stories and experiences of 10 officials, active in local environmental governing in Sweden, are used to identify, describe, and discuss key strategies for gaining policy influence. The result shows the importance of accessing key politicians; avoiding isolation within the administration; developing long-term strategies; and being skilled in communication, networking, and generating external resources. The way these officials act and think challenges some well-established theoretical notions and adds empirical insights to the democratic dilemma of bureaucratic power.
Identification of the Psychometric Properties of the Leadership Influence Over Professional Practice Environments Scale

This study uses the qualitatively developed Adams Influence Model© (AIM) and concepts from the psychometrically validated Revised Professional Practice Environment scale to guide the development of the Leadership Influence Over Professional Practice Environments Scale. Nurse executives and others can use this scale individually or in conjunction with instruments targeting staff or patient perceptions of their influence as part of health services research, leadership development, and professional practice environment enhancement strategy.
Growth and Inflation Forecasts for Germany - An Assessment of Accuracy and Dispersion

Based on a panel of German professional forecasts for 1970 to 2002 we find that growth and inflation forecasts are unbiased and weakly, but not strongly efficient. Besides the effect of diverging forecasting dates, no other substantial differences in forecasting quality are found among forecasters. We argue that is not always advisable to listen to the majority of forecast-ers. The dispersion of forecasts correlates positively with the volatility of macroeconomic variables. This suggests that forecasters do not behave predominately strategic, but share no common belief on the adequate model of the economy.
Global Strategy, Competence-Building and Strategic Alliances

This article examines the growing phenomenon of firms that rely on a global strategy of building strategic alliances to fill out their product lines and to enter new markets. By relying extensively on licensing, joint ventures, and consortia to secure access to new markets and low cost production, many companies have formed long-standing technology sharing and co-production arrangements with firms in the Far East and Europe. The result has been a gradual but steady decline in these firms' ability to maintain technological and industry initiative to develop the next generation of products and processes in key industries. Firms that are unaware of the risks involved with strategic alliances will eventually lose control over their core competencies and skills when competing in a global environment.