Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Starvation in Rock Bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus and Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

We assessed the effects of various dietary conditions on the growth, phenotypic traits, and morphometric dimensions of rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus and on the morphometric dimensions of sectioned olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Rock bream in the fed group increased in body weight, standard length, and condition factor, but these parameters decreased significantly for fish in the starved group (P < 0.05). The head connection dimensions of fish in the fed group decreased, while for starved fish there was increase in external morphometric dimensions (P < 0.05). In both species, sectioned morphometric analysis revealed that fish in the fed group had a larger body circumference and cross-cut sectional area, and greater cross-cut section height, relative to the starved group (P < 0.05).
Regulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity by a time-course hypoxia in the carotid body.

Chronic hypoxia activates a local angiotensin-generating system in the carotid body. Here, we test the hypothesis that the activity of the critical enzyme for this system, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), in the carotid body is subject to regulation by a time-course hypoxia. Results from the carotid body assays showed that ACE activity was markedly increased under the hypoxic stress of 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-day exposures. The changes in ACE activity of 7-day (15.00 vs. 30.95 x 10(-5) nmol.microg(-1). min(-1)), 14-day (8.73 vs. 30.25 x 10(-5) nmol.microg(-1). min(-1)), and 21-day (11.41 vs. 31.83 x 10(-5) nmol.microg(-1). min(-1)) hypoxia treatments were enhanced significantly. However, ACE activity in 28-day (13.18 vs. 24.53 x 10(-5) nmol.microg(-1). min(-1)) hypoxia treatment was observed to increase insignificantly when compared with results in the respective control groups. Captopril inhibited all rises in ACE activity in both the control and experimental groups. Results clearly indicate an activation of the enzymatic activity of ACE, the critical enzyme for determining the conversion of angiotensin I into the physiologically active angiotensin II, by chronic hypoxia in the carotid body. An increase in the ACE activity may increase the local production of angiotensin II in the carotid body and thus its agonist action at the AT1 receptor. This may be important in the modulation of cardiopulmonary adaptation in the hypoxic ventilatory response as well as for electrolyte and water homeostasis during chronic hypoxia.
Contribution of the ciliary cyclic nucleotide‐gated conductance to olfactory transduction in the salamander.

1. Flash photolysis of caged cyclic nucleotides was used to examine the contribution of the ciliary cyclic nucleotide‐gated conductance to olfactory transduction in the tiger salamander. Brief illumination of solitary olfactory receptor cells loaded with 100 microM caged cyclic AMP caused a large inward current (peak amplitude 355 +/‐ 200 pA; mean +/‐ S.D. for eleven cells) under whole‐cell voltage clamp at ‐50 mV. 2. The photolysis response was initiated after a latency of 4‐12 ms, whereas an odorant response of identical amplitude had a latency of several hundred milliseconds. The amplitudes of both responses exhibited almost identical voltage dependence between ‐50 and +25 mV, with both reversing near 0 mV. The time courses of the falling phases of odorant and photolysis responses also exhibited similar voltage dependence, both being prolonged at positive voltages. 3. Photolysis of caged cyclic GMP activated a current similar in amplitude and time course to that produced by photolysis of caged cyclic AMP. 4. When the flash was spatially limited to the cilia, the amplitude and duration of the photolysis response increased linearly with the length of the cilia illuminated (for cilia not longer than 30‐40 microns) while the latency remained constant at 4‐12 ms. The increase in duration was described semi‐quantitatively by a model which incorporated diffusion and saturable hydrolysis of cyclic AMP. When the flash was limited to the soma or proximal dendrite, the response latency was proportional to the square of the distance between the illuminated region and the cilia. 5. Dialysis of cells with 500 microM cyclic AMP from a whole‐cell electrode under voltage clamp activated a large transient inward current. Simultaneous suction electrode recording showed that this current originated almost entirely from the ciliary membrane. The density of cyclic nucleotide‐gated channels was estimated to be 800‐fold higher in the cilia than in the soma. 6. Summation of simultaneous odorant and photolysis responses was non‐linear, the flash‐induced current being enhanced during a small odorant response and attenuated during a large odorant response. Summation of two photolysis responses was similarly non‐linear. The data were consistent with odorant stimuli and cyclic AMP both activating a common cyclic nucleotide‐gated conductance with a Hill coefficient, n, of 2.0‐4.4. For n = 2.5, the basal cyclic AMP concentration was estimated to be less than 20% of the K 1/2, which predicts a basal current of 5.8 pA, less than 2% of the maximum. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
SCHWINGER'S RESULT ON PARTICLE PRODUCTION FROM COMPLEX PATHS WKB APPROXIMATION

This paper presents the derivation of Schwinger's gauge-invariant result of Im ℒeff up to one loop approximation, for particle production in an uniform electric field through the method of complex trajectory WKB approximation (CWKB). The CWKB proposed by one of the authors1 looks upon particle production as being due to the motion of a particle in complex space–time plane, thereby requiring tunneling paths both in space and time. Recently2,3 there have been some efforts to calculate the reflection and the transmission coefficients for particle production in an uniform electric field that differ from our expressions for the same. In this paper we clarify the confusion in this regard and establish the correctness of CWKB.
Signal-to-noise ratio gains for cooperative relaying strategies

We study signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains for two different cooperation strategies that are applied to networks consisting of one source, one destination, and one or two relays, respectively. The first strategy is called orthogonal decode-and-forward where all transmit terminals transmit interference free in orthogonal time slots. The second strategy is called nonorthogonal decode-and-forward where all relays transmit simultaneously by applying space-time block coding. We demonstrate that the SNR gain ¿¿ is proportional to K+1¿(1/pout K) with K representing the number of relays. We further define the SNR gain exponent as a new criterion to evaluate the asymptotic behavior of SNR gain for high-rate regimes. It will be demonstrated that the SNR gain exponent only depends on the number of transmission phases.
PREDICTION OF TREATMENTS EFFECTS IN A BIASED ALLOCATION MODEL

† Robbins and Zhang [15] provide consistent estimators of multiplicative treatment effects under a biased treatment allocation scheme, and illustrate their methodology within Poisson and binomial models. Here we use predictive criteria to assess the differential treatment efiects, and develop predictive distributions for the Poisson errors in variables models. With a hierarchical prior structure, various approximations are investigated, and an illustrative example is included.
A Framework for Enabling User Preference Profiling through Wi-Fi Logs

Nowadays, mobile devices have become a ubiquitous medium supporting various forms of functionality and are widely accepted for commons. In this study, we investigate using Wi-Fi logs from a mobile device to discover user preferences. The core ideas are two folds. First, every Wi-Fi access point is with a network name, normally a human-readable string, called SSID (Service Set Identifier). Since SSIDs are often with semantics, from which we can infer the place where the user stayed. Second, a Wi-Fi log is produced when the user is near a Wi-Fi access point. A high frequency of a consecutively observed SSID implies a long stay duration at a place. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first attempting to understand users from the collected Wi-Fi logs from mobile devices. However, Wi-Fi logs are essentially of various information types and with noises. How to assess the information types, eliminate irrelevant information, and clean up the noises within partial-informative SSIDs are therefore keys for profiling user preferences over Wi-Fi logs. In this paper, we propose a data cleaning and information enrichment framework for enabling the user preference understanding through collected Wi-Fi logs, and introduce a data clean framework for cleaning, correcting, and refining Wi-Fi logs. In addition, a comprehensive experiment with data collected from users is made to verify the effectiveness of the proposed techniques for cleaning noisy Wi-Fi data for user preferences profiling. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for profiling user preferences through Wi-Fi logs.
Involvement of the Mannose Phosphotransferase System of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 in Peroxide Stress Tolerance

ABSTRACT A Lactobacillus plantarum strain with a deletion in the gene rpoN, encoding the alternative sigma factor 54 (σ54), displayed a 100-fold-higher sensitivity to peroxide than its parental strain. This feature could be due to σ54-dependent regulation of genes involved in the peroxide stress response. However, transcriptome analyses of the wild type and the mutant strain during peroxide exposure did not support such a role for σ54. Subsequent experiments revealed that the impaired expression of the mannose phosphotransferase system (PTS) operon in the rpoN mutant caused the observed increased peroxide sensitivity.
MAIZE MICRORNA ASSOCIATED ABIOTIC STRESSES: MINI REVIEW

Among the small RNA molecules, micro RNAs (miRNAs) are an interesting class of endogenous molecules that play a key role in the regulation of gene expression in various developmental and signaling cascades. Abiotic stress which induced abnormal expression in various miRNAs, can be a new target for developing stress tolerant breeds. Recent reviews show that during abiotic stress, miRNAs swamp the conditions by regulating target genes within the miRNA–target gene network and regulates various signaling pathways and crucial organ development like roots. Stress conditions leads to the stimulation and accumulation of positive regulators and suppression of negative regulators. The current review on miRNAs helps in identifying the role of miRNAs in stress management of maize crop. Study also help in establishing deviations in genetic profile of miRNAs during abiotic stress conditions. After compiling the available literature, it could be conclude that detail and deep studies are needed to understand the miRNA mediated regulatory mechanism to produce agriculturally important plants to endeavor the future needs.
Performance-driven autonomous design of pattern-recognition systems

The closed-loop design experiment described in this paper demonstrates a three-phase automated design approach to pattern recognition. The experiment generates morphological feature detectors and then uses a novel application of genetic algorithms to select cooperative sets of features to pass to a neural net classifier. The self-organizing hybrid learning approach embodied in this closed-loop design methodology is complementary to conventional artificial intelligence (AI) expert systems that utilize rule-based approaches and a specific set of design elements. This experiment is part of a study directed to emulating the nondirected processes of biological evolution. The approach we discuss is semiautomatic in that initialization of computer programs requires human experience and expertise to select representations, develop search strategies, choose performance measures, and devise resource-allocation strategies. The hope is that these tasks will become easier with experience and will provide the means to .
Importance of estradiol and progesterone in regulating LH secretion and estrous behavior during the sheep estrous cycle.

Replacement of the ovaries of sheep shortly after ovulation with Silastic implants that simulated the physiological patterns and levels of estradiol and progesterone which circulate during the normal estrous cycle produced an “artificial estrous cycle” in which the time course of serum LU and the incidence of estrous behavior closely resembled those of the normal cycle. Neither steroid by itself was effective in this regard. This suggests that two ovarian steroids, estradiol and progesterone, are both necessary and sufficient to account for the secretion of LII and the expression of
Elevated Blood Urea Nitrogen/Creatinine Ratio Is Associated with Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Objective Although venous thromboembolism (VTE) is frequently related to dehydration, the impact of dehydration on VTE in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is not clear. This study investigated whether dehydration, as measured by blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine (Cr) ratio, influences the occurrence of VTE in patients with AIS. Methods This is a retrospective study of patients with AIS between January 2012 and December 2013. Patients with newly diagnosed AIS who experienced prolonged hospitalization for at least 4 weeks were included in this study. Results Of 182 patients included in this study, 17 (9.3%) suffered VTE during the follow-up period; in two cases, VTE was accompanied by deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Patients with VTE were more frequently female and had higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, more lower limb weakness, and elevated blood urea nitrogen BUN/Cr ratio on admission. In a multivariate analysis, BUN/Cr ratio >15 (odds ratio [OR] 8.75) and severe lower limb weakness (OR 4.38) were independent risk factors for VTE. Conclusion Dehydration on admission in cases of AIS might be a significant independent risk factor for VTE.
Incentives, Supervision, and Organizational Hierarchy: A Loan-Level Investigation of Banking

This paper uses a unique data set that contains detailed information on every corporate loan outstanding in the banking sector of Pakistan during 2001/2002 (52,000 loans). Using a simple empirical methodology that allows us to separately measure ex-ante monitoring, expost monitoring, “softness”, renegotiation, recovery and litigation of loans, the paper presents an umber of newfindings. First, concerns about weak external supervision can be overcome by market-discipline coupled with private incentives for banks. Second, government involvement is the key to poor banking. Third, even with private markets, the organizational hierarchy of banks can seriously limit their ability to lend to “soft information” firms - firms in greatest need of intermediation.
Biomimetic construction of cellular shell by adjusting the interfacial energy

Many unicellular organisms take their outer proteinaceous and lipidic membranes or carbonhydrate‐rich cell walls as a template for biomineralization to synthesize a thin mineral layer as a functional covering. In nature most cells cannot be mineralized spontaneously in the normal states. Inspired by nature, we develop cytocompatible methods for cells encapsulated inside a mineral shell, called “cellular shellization. ” Using Layer‐by‐Layer (LbL) assembly, the precipitation of calcium minerals can be induced on the yeast cell surfaces. The effects of different synthetic polyelectrolytes on the calcifications of yeast, such as interfacial energy, zeta‐potential, introduction time, and the affinity of mineral phase on the yeast cell surface have been studied by using constant composition method (CC) systemically and quantitatively. The results demonstrate that the effective adsorption of polyelectrolytes with carboxyl or sulfonate‐rich groups on the yeast can enhance mineralization abilities of yeast cells readily, and the factor of interfacial energy plays a key role in the superficial mineralization of the cells. Furthermore, the influences of ion concentrations, as well as titration rates on the formation of inorganic shell, have also been examined. It is found that the biomimetic shell formation on the cell can also be achieved by using an appropriate selection of titration conditions rather than the pretreatment of LbL. Thus, the control of cellular biomineralization can become more feasible. In this study, we show that adjusting the interfacial energy is the key to cellular mineralization and suggest that these biomineralization treatments of single‐cell may be applied as a potential and universal approach for cell‐based sensing and therapy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 386–395. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mixing Hadoop and HPC workloads on parallel filesystems

MapReduce-tailored distributed filesystems---such as HDFS for Hadoop MapReduce---and parallel high-performance computing filesystems are tailored for considerably different workloads. The purpose of our work is to examine the performance of each filesystem when both sorts of workload run on it concurrently. We examine two workloads on two filesystems. For the HPC workload, we use the IOR checkpointing benchmark and the Parallel Virtual File System, Version 2 (PVFS); for Hadoop, we use an HTTP attack classifier and the CloudStore filesystem. We analyze the performance of each file system when it concurrently runs its "native" workload as well as the non-native workload.
The role of p38 MAP kinase in hydrogen peroxide mediated endothelial solute permeability.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of p38 MAP kinase activity during hydrogen peroxide mediated increased endothelial solute permeability. We also sought to identify the role of p38 MAP kinase-mediated changes in endothelial cell architecture due to hydrogen peroxide challenge. METHODS Hydrogen peroxide mediated permeability of HUVEC was determined with and without inhibition of p38 MAP kinase by SB202190. Hydrogen peroxide mediated rearrangement of the endothelial actin cytoskeleton and junctional proteins occludin and ZO-1 were observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Hydrogen peroxide treatment of endothelial monolayers caused a significant increase in solute permeability over a ninety-minute time period. Oxidant-mediated permeability and phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase was significantly attenuated by SB 202190. Immunofluorescent staining for the tight junctional proteins occludin and ZO-1 demonstrated that oxidant challenge caused a loss of endothelial tight junction organization. Rhodamine phalloidin staining of the actin cytoskeleton showed that hydrogen peroxide stimulated increased stress fiber formation with concomitant gap formation between adjacent endothelial cells. Inhibition of p38 MAP kinase during oxidant challenge significantly attenuated actin stress fiber formation and prevented gap formation. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that p38 MAP kinase activity is involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated permeability, stress fiber formation, and intracellular gap formation.
Improving Object Detection with Relation Graph Inference

Many classic object detection approaches have proven that detection performance can be improved by adding the object’s context information. However, only a few methods have attempted to exploit the object-to-object relationship during learning. The reason for this is that objects may appear at different locations in an image, with an arbitrary size and scale. This makes it difficult to model the objects in a unified way within a network. Inspired by Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), we propose a detection algorithm that can infer the relationship among multiple objects during the inference, achieved by constructing a relation graph dynamically with a self-adopted attention mechanism. The relation graph encodes both the geometric and visual relationship between objects. This can enrich the object feature by aggregating the information from the object and its relevant neighbors. Experiments show that our proposed module can efficiently improve the detection performance of existing object detectors.
Association between CHADS2 Score and the Preventive Effect of Statin Therapy on New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objectives New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) commonly occurs in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Data regarding the value of the CHADS2 score in patients hospitalized for AMI is limited. This study aimed to determine whether the CHADS2 score is associated with new-onset AF and if it can help identify the patients who will benefit most from statin use for the prevention of arrhythmia after AMI. Methods A total of 724 consecutive AMI patients were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to their CHADS2 scores: group 1, score 0; group 2, score 1–2; and group 3, score 3–6. The study endpoint was an episode of new-onset AF that lasted more than 30 seconds during hospitalization at the coronary care unit. Results Seventy-eight (10.8%) patients developed new-onset AF, and 273 (37.7%) were on a statin upon admission. The incidence of new-onset AF increased significantly from 5.8% in group 1 to 11.3% in group 2 and 14.3% in group 3 (χ2 for linear trend, P = 0.017). Statin use (odds ratio [OR], 0.22; 95% CI, 0.06–0.85) and CHADS2 score (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.02–2.28) were independent predictors of new-onset AF in AMI patients. Patients with CHADS2 score ≤2 had significantly reduced C-reactive protein level and lower risk of developing new-onset AF if they were taking statins (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated the benefit of statin use for preventing new-onset AF in patients with CHADS2 scores ≤2 (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.14–0.81). Conclusions The CHADS2 score is a convenient scoring system for predicting the incidence of new-onset AF and may help in identifying the patients who will benefit most from statin use for the prevention of arrhythmia after AMI.
Confirmation of the Reported Association of Clonal Chromosomal Mosaicism with an Increased Risk of Incident Hematologic Cancer

Chromosomal abnormalities provide clinical utility in the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic malignancies, and may be predictive of malignant transformation in individuals without apparent clinical presentation of a hematologic cancer. In an effort to confirm previous reports of an association between clonal mosaicism and incident hematologic cancer, we applied the anomDetectBAF algorithm to call chromosomal anomalies in genotype data from previously conducted Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS). The genotypes were initially collected from DNA derived from peripheral blood of 12,176 participants in the Group Health electronic Medical Records and Genomics study (eMERGE) and the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). We detected clonal mosaicism in 169 individuals (1.4%) and large clonal mosaic events (>2 mb) in 117 (1.0%) individuals. Though only 9.5% of clonal mosaic carriers had an incident diagnosis of hematologic cancer (multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, lymphoma, or leukemia), the carriers had a 5.5-fold increased risk (95% CI: 3.3–9.3; p-value = 7.5×10−11) of developing these cancers subsequently. Carriers of large mosaic anomalies showed particularly pronounced risk of subsequent leukemia (HR = 19.2, 95% CI: 8.9–41.6; p-value = 7.3×10−14). Thus we independently confirm the association between detectable clonal mosaicism and hematologic cancer found previously in two recent publications.