Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When Russians Learn English: How the Meaning of Causal Verbs May Change

In this paper we examine the possibility that causal categories might differ across languages and that learning a second language might affect the way a speaker talks about causal situations in his or her first language. A central question in work with bilinguals is whether the lexicons of the two languages, in which the surface characteristics of a word are stored, are directly connected to a unified, language-neutral conceptual system, in which the semantic properties of a word are stored (Kroll & Scholl, 1992). The general consensus has been that, for low-proficiency bilinguals, accessing the meaning of a word in the L2 involves first translating it into the L1, which is considered to be directly connected to a general conceptual system. This proposal has been supported by results showing that early bilinguals are faster to translate a word from the L1 to the L2 than to name a picture in the L2, presumably because picture naming requires a two-step process (conceptual system L1 lexicon L2 lexicon) while translation requires only a single step (L1 lexicon L2 lexicon) (Kroll & Curley, 1988). For high-proficiency bilinguals, in contrast, the general view is that word meanings in the L2 are accessed via a direct connection from the L2 lexicon to the general conceptual system, i.e., without translation (McElree, Jia, & Litvak, 2000; Altarriba & Mathis, 1997). This proposal has been supported by research showing cross-language semantic priming (e.g., Kirsner, Smith, Lockhart, King, & Jain, 1984; Schwanenflugel & Rey, 1986) and Stroop colorword task interference between languages (Altarriba & Mathis, 1997). It appears, then, that developing proficiency in an L2 is related to developing a direct link between the L2 lexicon and the conceptual system. In all of this work, the assumption has been that while bilinguals might have two separate lexicons, they have only a single, integrated conceptual system. Our goal in this paper is not to challenge this assumption, but rather to explore its potential consequences. Specifically, what might happen when bilinguals learn a word in the L2 whose meaning is not fully commensurate with its translation in the L1? Research in memory suggests at least three, non-
Eurographics Symposium on Point-based Graphics (2006) Integrating Mesh and Meshfree Methods for Physics-based Fracture and Debris Cloud Simulation

We present a hybrid framework for physics-based simulation of fracture and debris clouds. Previous methods mainly consider bulk fractures. However, in many situations, small fractured pieces and debris are visually important. Our framework takes a hybrid approach that integrates both tetrahedron-based finite element and particle-based meshfree methods. The simulation starts with a tetrahedral mesh. When the damage of elements reaches a damage failure threshold, the associated nodes are converted into mass-based particles. Molecular dynamics is used to model particle motion and interaction with other particles and the remaining elements. In rendering, we propose an algorithm of dynamically extracting a polygonal boundary surface for the damaged elements and particles. Our framework is simple, accurate, and efficient. It avoids the remeshing and stability problems of pure mesh-based techniques and pure meshfree methods and offers high visual realism.
UNDERSTANDING SOFTWARE PRODUCTIVITY1

What affects software productivity and how do we improve it? This report examines the current state of the art in software productivity measurement. In turn, it describes a framework for understanding software productivity, some fundamentals of measurement, surveys empirical studies of software productivity, and identifies challenges involved in measuring software productivity. A radical alternative to current approaches is suggested: to construct, evaluate, deploy, and evolve a knowledge-based "software productivity modeling and simulation system" using tools and techniques from the domain of software process engineering. 1This is a revised and expanded version of the paper that originally appeared in the Intern. J. Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, Vol. 1(3), 293-321, (1991). This version will appear in Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering: Trends for the Next Decade, D. Hurley (ed.), Vol. 4, World Scientific Press, (1995).
Reconnecting with the past in social media: The moderating role of social influence in nostalgia marketing on Pinterest

Nostalgia marketing practices in social media help brands link consumers with happier times from the past. A randomized 2 (evoked nostalgia: high vs. low) × 2 (social influence: high vs. low) between-subjects factorial design experiment was conducted to examine the effects of nostalgia and social influence on consumers' judgments in the brand management context of Pinterest boards. The results revealed the strong main effect of evoked nostalgia on consumers' attitudes toward the Pinterest board and the brand, purchase intention, willingness to pass along branded pins, and brand–consumer relationship quality. Furthermore, this study discovered the significant moderating role of social influence for all dependent measures. Strongly (vs. weakly) evoked nostalgia generated more favorable responses only when social influence was high. In contrast, there were no significant differences between strongly and weakly evoked nostalgia when social influence was low. Theoretical contributions to the nostalgia literature and managerial implications for social media marketing are discussed.
Cost effectiveness of a telephone intervention to promote dilated fundus examination in adults with diabetes mellitus

In a clinical trial, we have previously shown that a telephone intervention can significantly increase participation in dilated fundus examination (DFE) screening among low-income adults with diabetes. Here the costs and cost-effectiveness ratio of this intervention are calculated. Intervention effectiveness was estimated as the difference in DFE utilization between the telephone intervention and print groups from the clinical trial multiplied by the size of the telephone intervention group. A micro-costing approach was used. Personnel time was aggregated from logs kept during the clinical trial of the intervention. Wage rates were taken from a commercial compensation database. Telephone charges were estimated based on prevailing fees. The cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated as the ratio of total costs of the intervention to the number of DFEs gained by the intervention. A sensitivity analysis estimated the cost-effectiveness of a more limited telephone intervention. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis using bootstrap samples from the clinical trial results quantified the uncertainties in resource utilization and intervention effectiveness. Net intervention costs were US$18,676.06, with an associated gain of 43.7 DFEs and 16.4 new diagnoses of diabetic retinopathy. The cost-effectiveness ratio is US$427.37 per DFE gained. A restricted intervention limiting the number of calls to 5, as opposed to 7, would achieve the same results, but would cost approximately 17% less. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, the 5th and 95th percentiles of the cost-effectiveness ratio were US$304.05 and US$692.52 per DFE gained, respectively. Our telephone intervention is more expensive than simple mail or telephone reminders used in other settings to promote preventive care; it is, however, also considerably more effective, and is effective in a low-income minority population at greater risk for diabetes complications. The costs are dominated by labor costs, and may be substantially defrayed, without loss of effectiveness, by restricting the number of telephone calls to 5 per patient.
Filial responsibility in the family of origin experiences of social workers

This exploratory quantitative study examined social workers’ family of origin experiences of filial responsibility, including emotional and instrumental caregiving. Additionally, this investigation explored the relationship between social workers’ past and current caregiving experiences, reported coping strategies, and the perceived fairness of their families of origin. This research was carried out through an anonymous, online survey of 46 partand full-time MSW students and MSW graduates using self-report measures including a demographic survey, the Filial Responsibility Scale-Adult, and the Proactive Coping Inventory. In support of the study’s main hypothesis, participants’ childhood experiences of filial responsibility were significantly correlated with adulthood experiences of filial responsibility. While participants in this study reported greater levels of emotional than instrumental caregiving, there was a stronger correlation between particpants’ past and present instrumental caregiving experiences. Additionally, years of social work practice was negatively associated with emotional caregiving. Lastly, participants’ reliance on emotional support seeking to cope with feelings of distress was significantly related to the ethical dimension of their family of origin experiences, with emotional support seeking increasing or decreasing indirectly with perceived unfairness. FILIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE FAMILY OF ORIGIN EXPERIENCES OF SOCIAL WORKERS A project based upon an independent investigation, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work.
Long-Term Tea Intake is Associated with Reduced Prevalence of (Type 2) Diabetes Mellitus among Elderly People from Mediterranean Islands: MEDIS Epidemiological Study

Purpose We sought to evaluate the link between long-term tea intake and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, in a sample of elderly adults. Materials and Methods During 2005-2007, 300 men and women from Cyprus, 142 from Mitilini, 100 from Samothraki, 114 from Kefalonia, 131 from Crete, 150 from Corfu and 103 from Zakynthos (aged 65 to 100 years) were enrolled. Dietary habits (including tea consumption) were assessed through a food frequency questionnaire. Among various factors, fasting blood glucose was measured and prevalence of (type 2) diabetes mellitus was estimated. Results 54% of the participants reported that they consume tea at least once a week (mean intake 1.6 ± 1.1 cup/day). The majority of the participants (98%) reported green or black tea consumption. The participants reported that they consume tea for at least 30 years of their life. After adjusting for various confounders, tea intake was inversely associated with lower blood glucose levels (b ± SEM per 1 cup: - 5.9 ± 2.6 mg/dL, p = 0.02). Moreover, multiple logistic regression revealed that moderate tea consumption (1 - 2 cups/day) was associated with 70% (95% CI 41% to 86%) lower odds of having (type 2) diabetes, irrespective of age, sex, body mass, smoking, physical activity status, dietary habits and other clinical characteristics. Conclusion The presented findings suggest that long-term tea intake is associated with reduced levels of fasting blood glucose and lower prevalence of diabetes, in a cohort of elderly people living in Mediterranean islands.
Forecasting Recessions: The Puzzle of the Enduring Power of the Yield Curve

For over two decades, researchers have provided evidence that the yield curve, specifically the spread between long- and short-term interest rates, contains useful information for signaling future recessions. Despite these findings, forecasters appear to have generally placed too little weight on the yield spread when projecting declines in the aggregate economy. Indeed, we show that professional forecasters are worse at predicting recessions a few quarters ahead than a simple real-time forecasting model that is based on the yield spread. This relative forecast power of the yield curve remains a puzzle. The appendix is included online as supplementary material.
The Impact of Selected Parameters on Visibility: First Results from a Long-Term Campaign in Warsaw, Poland

The aim of this study was to investigate how atmospheric air pollutants and meteorological conditions affected atmospheric visibility in the largest Polish agglomeration. The correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and generalized regression models (GRMs) were used to accomplish this objective. The meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed and insolation) and concentrations of the air pollutants (PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3) were recorded in 2004–2013. The data came from the Ursynow-SGGW, MzWarszUrsynow and Okecie monitoring stations, located in the south of Warsaw (Poland). It was shown that the PM10 concentration was the most important parameter affecting the visibility in Warsaw. The concentration, and indirectly the visibility, was mainly affected by the pollutant emission from the flat/building heating (combustion of various fuels). It changed intensively during the research period. There were also periods in which this emission type did not have a great influence on the pollutant concentrations (mainly PM10) and visibility. In such seasons, the research revealed the influence of the traffic emission and secondary aerosol formation processes on the visibility.
Taking women’s bodily functions into account in urban planning and policy: public toilets and menstruation

In this paper, it is argued that public toilets policy is a town planning issue, crucial to creating sustainable, efficient, accessible and equitable cities. Ways of integrating toilet provision into city-wide strategic planning policy and local urban design are discussed. The paper first reviews global sanitation issues, with particular reference to the needs of girls and women in respect of toilet provision. Over two billion people lack adequate toilet provision, and women are particularly badly affected. Fifty per cent of the world’s population is urbanised, and, of those, over 50 per cent of urban dwellers live in shanty towns and unplanned settlements, most of which are without adequate sanitation at home, at work and in schools. Fifty per cent of school girls in Africa leave school when menstruation starts, because of lack of school toilets, thus undermining education and development goals. Then comparisons are made with the public toilet situation in the West, with particular reference to inadequat.
MARCOnI—ConvNet-Based MARker-Less Motion Capture in Outdoor and Indoor Scenes

Marker-less motion capture has seen great progress, but most state-of-the-art approaches fail to reliably track articulated human body motion with a very low number of cameras, let alone when applied in outdoor scenes with general background. In this paper, we propose a method for accurate marker-less capture of articulated skeleton motion of several subjects in general scenes, indoors and outdoors, even from input filmed with as few as two cameras. The new algorithm combines the strengths of a discriminative image-based joint detection method with a model-based generative motion tracking algorithm through an unified pose optimization energy. The discriminative part-based pose detection method is implemented using Convolutional Networks (ConvNet) and estimates unary potentials for each joint of a kinematic skeleton model. These unary potentials serve as the basis of a probabilistic extraction of pose constraints for tracking by using weighted sampling from a pose posterior that is guided by the model. In the final energy, we combine these constraints with an appearance-based model-to-image similarity term. Poses can be computed very efficiently using iterative local optimization, since joint detection with a trained ConvNet is fast, and since our formulation yields a combined pose estimation energy with analytic derivatives. In combination, this enables to track full articulated joint angles at state-of-the-art accuracy and temporal stability with a very low number of cameras. Our method is efficient and lends itself to implementation on parallel computing hardware, such as GPUs. We test our method extensively and show its advantages over related work on many indoor and outdoor data sets captured by ourselves, as well as data sets made available to the community by other research labs. The availability of good evaluation data sets is paramount for scientific progress, and many existing test data sets focus on controlled indoor settings, do not feature much variety in the scenes, and often lack a large corpus of data with ground truth annotation. We therefore further contribute with a new extensive test data set called MPI-MARCOnI for indoor and outdoor marker-less motion capture that features $12$ scenes of varying complexity and varying camera count, and that features ground truth reference data from different modalities, ranging from manual joint annotations to marker-based motion capture results. Our new method is tested on these data, and the data set will be made available to the community.
Dinamika Pranata Sosial Terhadap Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Nelayan Dalam Melestarikan Budaya Wisata Bahari

Tulisan ini bertujuan memahami kompleksitas dinamika pranata sosial nelayan Tiku dengan lingkungan sekitar pesisir dalam wujud pengelolaan budaya wisata bahari berdasarkan fenomena kearifan lokal. Masalahnya adalah mengonstruksi kompleksitas pranata sosial komunitas Nelayan Tiku dengan lingkungan lautnya dalam konteks kearifan lokal, sistem kepercayaan, kelembagaan sosial dan ekonomi. Material penulisan diambil dari data penelitian lapangan−diperoleh dengan wawancara, observasi dan pengamatan−sesuai dengan fokus studi dan pilihan pendekatan. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di salah satu nagari wilayah pesisir pantai Barat Sumatera, yaitu Nagari Tiku Selatan, Kecamatan Tanjung Mutiara, Kabupaten Agam . Tulisan ini sebagai hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa wujud pengelolaan budaya wisata bahari dalam komunitas nelayan Tiku berbasis pada kearifan lokal yang dicirikan dengan tatanan kehidupan kolektif (sosial-ekonomi) yang kuat dan rapi; pola-pola pemanfaatan sumber daya laut yang mencerminkan hubungan antar subjektif manusia lingkungan; kondisi kesejahteraan sosial-ekonomi penduduk yang merata; dan terjaganya kondisi kelestarian lingkungan dan keseimbangan sumber daya laut.
Terminology as a key uncertainty in net land use flux estimates

Although we did write a paper about this issue several months ago (Gasser and Ciais, 2013; GC13 hereafter), some of our conclusions being similar to the ones of Pongratz et al., this new paper has the real added-value of making a full review of the literature, which we did not. Besides, the framework they developed, using only symbols, may be a good pedagogical alternative to our more mathematical framework.
Educational alternatives in food production, knowledge and consumption: The public pedagogies of Growing 'Power and Tsyunhehkw^'

This paper examines how two sites of adult learning in the food movement create educational alternatives to the dominant U.S. food system. It further examines how these pedagogies challenge racialised, classed and gendered ideologies and practices in their aims, curricular content, and publically documented educational processes. The first case is Growing Power, an urban farm which embraces small scale capitalism and vocational education as an end toward community food security, social and ecological justice, and anti-racist education. The second case, Tsyunhehkw^, is the 'integrated community food system' of the Oneida Nation in rural Wisconsin, centred on cultural decolonisation through the growing and eating of traditional Oneida foods. In both these projects, there are strong possibilities to teach a critical, social justice alternative to white, middle class norms and practices of food production and consumption.
Tuning approximate dynamic programming policies for ambulance redeployment via direct search

In this paper we consider approximate dynamic programming methods for ambulance redeployment. We first demonstrate through simple examples how typical value function fitting techniques, such as approximate policy iteration and linear programming, may not be able to locate a high-quality policy even when the value function approximation architecture is rich enough to provide the optimal policy. To make up for this potential shortcoming, we show how to use direct search methods to tune the parameters in a value function approximation architecture so as to obtain high-quality policies. Direct search is computationally intensive. We therefore use a post-decision state dynamic programming formulation of ambulance redeployment that, together with direct search, requires far less computation with no noticeable performance loss. We provide further theoretical support for the post-decision state formulation of the ambulance-deployment problem by showing that this formulation can be obtained through a limiting argu.
Detecting Stochastically Scheduled Activities in Video

The ability to automatically detect activities in video is of increasing importance in applications such as bank security, airport tarmac security, baggage area security and building site surveillance. We present a stochastic activity model composed of atomic actions which are directly observable through image understanding primitives. We focus on answering two types of questions: (i) what are the minimal sub-videos in which a given action is identified with probability above a certain threshold and (ii) for a given video, can we decide which activity from a given set most likely occurred? We provide the MPS algorithm for the first problem, as well as two different algorithms (naive MPA and MPA) to solve the second. Our experimental results on a dataset consisting of staged bank robbery videos (described in [Vu et al., 2003]) show that our algorithms are both fast and provide high quality results when compared to human reviewers.