Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a weighted version of the Hajnal-Szemerédi Theorem

Many results in graph theory study the relation between the minimum degree of a given graph and its spanning subgraphs. For example, Dirac’s theorem asserts that a graph on n vertices with minimum degree at least dn2 e contains a Hamilton cycle. Hajnal and Szemerédi [4] proved that every graph on n ∈ rZ vertices with minimum degree at least (1− 1r )n contains a spanning subgraph consisting of n r vertex-disjoint copies of Kr (we call such a subgraph a Kr-factor). In this note we propose investigating this relation in edge-weighted graphs. As a concrete problem, we study the particular case when the spanning subgraph is the graph formed by vertex-disjoint copies of Kr (in other words, we would like to extend the Hajnal-Szemerédi theorem to edge-weighted graphs). Suppose we equip the complete graph Kn with edge weights w : E(Kn) → [0, 1]. For a given weighted graph and vertex v we let degw(v) denote the weighted degree of the vertex v. Let δw(G) be the minimum weighted degree of the graph G. The main question can be formulated as the following: How large must δw(Kn) be to guarantee that there exists a Kr-factor such that every factor has total edge weight at least t ( r 2 ) for some given t ∈ [0, 1]? More formally, for n ∈ rZ let W(r, t, n) be the collection of edge weightings on Kn such that every Kr-factor has a clique with weight strictly smaller than t ( r 2 ) . We then
Integrating ServiceJ with the web service invocation framework

The Web Services paradigm is promising because it excels in uniting systems that were previously thought to be incompatible. Hence, a growing number of applications are built as interconnected, cooperating services, where the business logic of each service is typically implemented in an object-oriented programming language. But current object-oriented programming languages do not integrate well with the Web Services paradigm. Various frameworks were proposed to increase transparency, but these APIs fail to provide appropriate abstractions for guiding service selection and for handling service failures. Hence, they make the programmer responsible for dealing with infrastructural technicalities, resulting in ad-hoc solutions that comprise error-prone and obfuscated code. In this paper, we evaluate the Web Service Invocation Framework (WSIF), a popular API for writing web service clients in Java. We show how the weaknesses of WSIF can be solved by integrating it with ServiceJ, our Java extension that introduces language features for interacting with remote services. By directly integrating support for web services in object-oriented programming languages, we allow programmers to focus on the implementation of the business logic, rather than on technical challenges such as locating services, installing service communication protocols, and detecting service failures.
Step Length Estimation Using Handheld Inertial Sensors

In this paper a novel step length model using a handheld Micro Electrical Mechanical System (MEMS) is presented. It combines the user's step frequency and height with a set of three parameters for estimating step length. The model has been developed and trained using 12 different subjects: six men and six women. For reliable estimation of the step frequency with a handheld device, the frequency content of the handheld sensor's signal is extracted by applying the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) independently from the step detection process. The relationship between step and hand frequencies is analyzed for different hand's motions and sensor carrying modes. For this purpose, the frequency content of synchronized signals collected with two sensors placed in the hand and on the foot of a pedestrian has been extracted. Performance of the proposed step length model is assessed with several field tests involving 10 test subjects different from the above 12. The percentages of error over the travelled distance using universal parameters and a set of parameters calibrated for each subject are compared. The fitted solutions show an error between 2.5 and 5% of the travelled distance, which is comparable with that achieved by models proposed in the literature for body fixed sensors only.
CHERI JNI: Sinking the Java Security Model into the C

Java provides security and robustness by building a high-level security model atop the foundation of memory protection. Unfortunately, any native code linked into a Java program -- including the million lines used to implement the standard library -- is able to bypass both the memory protection and the higher-level policies. We present a hardware-assisted implementation of the Java native code interface, which extends the guarantees required for Java's security model to native code. Our design supports safe direct access to buffers owned by the JVM, including hardware-enforced read-only access where appropriate. We also present Java language syntax to declaratively describe isolated compartments for native code. We show that it is possible to preserve the memory safety and isolation requirements of the Java security model in C code, allowing native code to run in the same process as Java code with the same impact on security as running equivalent Java code. Our approach has a negligible impact on performance, compared with the existing unsafe native code interface. We demonstrate a prototype implementation running on the CHERI microprocessor synthesized in FPGA.
‘Futurepublic: on information warfare, bio-racism and hegemony as noopolitics”

This article advances some considerations on the current production of hegemonic effects, starting with some problems posed by the work of one of the most influential writers in cultural studies - the American Palestinian critic Edward Said. Said's commentary on the coverage of Islam in the US media in the late 1970s allows for some challenging considerations on how hegemonic strategies directed at the formation of publics and public opinion are increasingly integrated within a global noopolitics of communication whose understanding of the public is not derived from the notion of civil society but from the biopolitical element of the population - and the bio-racist segmentation that constitutes it. As outlined in Michel Foucault's analysis of liberal and neoliberal governmentality, such understanding of the public locates the latter straight within a new dispositif of power which is biopolitical and noopolitical at the same time, that is, which addresses itself at the same time to the biological, economic and spiritual life of the population. Such understanding involves a reconsideration of the constitution of publics and public opinion in times of netwars and information warfare as both subjects and objects of power/knowledge. In as much as such noopolitics affects what Maurizio Lazzarato calls a second bios, the life of the brain, it has the potential to give expression to the virtual power of immaterial events of subjectification which materialize in the bodies which actualize them and the possible, shared worlds that they are capable of producing.
IGF axis and other factors in HPV-related and HPV-unrelated carcinogenesis (Review)

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis promotes the growth of cells, tissues and organs. IGF-1 is mainly produced in the liver but is also secreted from local tissues. In the circulation, IGF-1 is bound to insulin-like binding proteins (IGFBPs), and when released it activates the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R). The signal is further transmitted by intracellular signaling pathways leading to gene expression that regulates, among others, cell proliferation and survival. This review presents the IGF axis in the context of cell transformation and cancer development. Aspects involving IGF-1 deficiency and protection from cancer are also briefly described. Furthermore, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) interplaying with IGF axis components in cervical cancer development are described. These small dsDNA viruses are divided into low-risk and high-risk HPVs with regard to the potency of their oncogenic actions; they mainly infect epithelial or mucosal cells. Special attention is drawn to expression of two major HPV oncogenes (E6 and E7) initiating and maintaining cervical carcinogenesis, which is a multistep and multifactorial process; therefore, involvement of additional factors such as mitochondrial DNA changes, sex hormones, retinoic and folic acids are also discussed. Finally, IGF axis components and HPV oncogenes as targets in anticancer treatment are presented which include IGF-1R downregulation, RNA interference and anti-HPV therapeutic vaccines. The review concludes that despite an enormous advancement in research on IGF and HPV-related cancers, more molecular studies and clinical trials are needed before commercialized therapies are widely available for oncology patients.
Spreadsheets: from data interfaces to knowledge interfaces

Documents of type “spreadsheet” are considered user interfaces to numeric data as they allow authors to create, modify and display these data in distinct layouts like tables or diagrams and readers to interpret them. We tend to believe that enhancing software semantically means that we are lifting its value. In particular, if we enhance spreadsheets semantically can we lift their data interface status to a knowledge interface status? We used the repertory grid methodology to conduct a study on the difference between spreadsheets and spreadsheets semantically enhanced with the SACHS extension. Our research shows that, indeed, from the perspective of users adding semantics turns spreadsheets into knowledge interfaces.
Th17 Cytokines Are Critical for Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Airway Hyperreponsiveness through Regulation by Complement C3a and Tachykinins

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is associated with serious lung disease in infants and immunocompromised individuals and is linked to development of asthma. In mice, acute RSV infection causes airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammation, and mucus hypersecretion. Infected cells induce complement activation, producing the anaphylatoxin C3a. In this paper, we show RSV-infected wild-type mice produce Th17 cytokines, a response not previously associated with viral infections. Mice deficient in the C3aR fail to develop AHR following acute RSV infection, and production of Th17 cytokines was significantly attenuated. Tachykinin production also has been implicated in RSV pathophysiology, and tachykinin receptor-null mice were similarly protected from developing AHR. These animals were also deficient in production of Th17 cytokines. Tachykinin release was absent in mice deficient in C3aR, whereas C3a levels were unchanged in tachykinin receptor-null animals. Thus, our data reveal a crucial sequence following acute RSV infection where initial C3a production causes tachykinin release, followed by activation of the IL-17A pathway. Deficiency of either receptor affords protection from AHR, identifying two potential therapeutic targets.
Correlationship of Vertical Distribution for Ammonia Ion, Nitrate Ion and Nitrifying Bacteria in a Fixed Bed Nitrifying Biofilm

The vertical distributions of nitrifying bacteria in aerobic fixed biofilm were investigated to evaluate the relationship between nitrification performance and microbial community at different HRT. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and portable ion selective microelectrode system were adopted to analyze microbial communities and ions profiles according to the biofilm depth. Cilia media packed MLE (Modified Ludzack-Ettinger) like reactor composed of anoxic, aerobic Ⅰ/Ⅱ was operated with synthetic wastewater having COD 200 mg/L and NH4 + -N 40 mg/L at HRT of 6 hrs and 4 hrs. Total biofilm thickness of aerobic Ⅰ, Ⅱ reactor at 4 hrs condition was over two times than that of 6 hrs condition due to the sufficient substrate supply at 4 hrs condition (6 hrs; aerobic Ⅰ 380 ㎛ and Ⅱ 400 ㎛, 4 hrs; aerobic Ⅰ 830 ㎛ and Ⅱ 1040 ㎛). As deepen the biofilm detection point, the ratio of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was decreased while the ratio of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was maintained similar distribution at both HRT condition. The ratio of AOB was higher at 4 hrs than 6 hrs condition and NH4 + -N removal efficiency was also higher at 4 hrs with 89.2% than 65.4% of 6 hrs. However, the ratio of NOB was decreased when HRT was reduced from 6 hrs to 4 hrs and NO2 -N accumulation was observed at 4 hrs condition. Therefore, it is considered that insufficient HRT condition could supply sufficient substrate and enrichment of AOB in all depth of fixed biofilm but cause decrease of NOB and nitrite accumulation.
Adaptation and Validation of the Polymorphous Prejudice Scale (PPS) - A Short Form In a Sample of Heterosexual Chilean College Students

ABSTRACT. Objectives: The purpose of this article is to present the psychometric characteristics of a short form of the Polymorphous Prejudice Scale (PPS; Massey, 2009), which was adapted and validated in a heterosexual Chilean population. PPS is a multidimensional measure of sexual prejudice. Methods: A nonprobabilistic (convenience) sample consisted of 422 college students. Results: Findings reveal a shortened 16-item form, grouped in four subscales, with all of the items referring to new forms of sexual prejudice. The findings showed differences based on gender, religiosity and geographic location, as hypothesized. Conclusions: Results are discussed in relation to the strengths and weaknesses of the short form of the PPS.
Deliberate Metaphor Affords Conscious Metaphorical Cognition

Abstract Contrary to what is assumed in Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), the conceptual power of metaphor may not lie in its widespread unconscious use but in its more limited and targeted deliberate use, which may or may not give rise to conscious metaphorical cognition. Deliberate and conscious metaphorical thought is connected to the general functions of all conscious thought as described by Baumeister and Masicampo (2010). Their theory provides a basis for demonstrating how deliberate and conscious metaphorical cognition facilitate social and cultural interactions, by reconsidering Musolff’s (2004) analysis of metaphor in political discourse on European integration. The paper concludes by formulating some implications of CMT’s neglect of conscious metaphor and of deliberate metaphor more generally. If the power of metaphor lies in thought, as has been held by CMT for thirty years, it may be that conscious rather than unconscious cognition - or, more generally, deliberate rather than non-deliberate metaphor use - enables that power. Given the relative infrequency of deliberate and conscious metaphor use, this, in turn, may entail that the online effect of metaphor is more restricted than has been assumed over the past three decades.
Complexity thinking in PE: game-centred approaches, games as complex adaptive systems, and ecological values

Background: This article draws on the literature relating to game-centred approaches (GCAs), such as Teaching Games for Understanding, and dynamical systems views of motor learning to demonstrate a convergence of ideas around games as complex adaptive learning systems. This convergence is organized under the title ‘complexity thinking’ and gives rise to a comprehensive model of game-based learning that addresses theoretical and practitioner considerations relevant to researchers and teachers. Complexity thinking is also partnered with an ecological integration value orientation to reinforce the dominant purposes of game-based learning in physical education. Key concepts: The study of game-based learning from a complexity thinking perspective relies on the foundational alignment of game characteristics with those of complex learning systems. Both complex learning systems and games are (a) comprised of co-dependent agents, (b) self-organizing, (c) open to disturbance, (d) sites of co-emergent learning, (e) open to varying experiences or interpretations of time, and (f) able to evolve their structures in response to feedback. Considering games as learning systems opens the door to consideration of the system being as sustainable and adaptable as it can. Sustainability, adaptation potential, and engagement levels emerge from the ‘game as learning system’ discussion in order to provide insight into the functioning of the game. High levels of engagement and sustainability are the presented goals for teachers working from a complexity thinking perspective. A number of key concepts from systems literature, such as attractors, affordances, attunement, and disturbances, are discussed as identifiable and manipulatable dimensions of game-based learning. Implications for the PE profession: Physical educators are well positioned to notice learning as it emerges and to construct environments that focus learning without forcing learning. Complexity thinking concepts such as flow, coupling, engagement, attractors, affordances, attunement, and disturbance, in combination with the pedagogical principles advocated by GCAs, provide a robust set of analytical and teaching tools. It is to be hoped that a deepening of understanding of how game forms and game play lead to learning during games will improve the quality of learning experiences in games and foster increasing and prolonged engagement by students.
i Versus we: the eFFects oF selF-construal leVel on diVersity

In two studies it is demonstrated that people’s self-construal level may influence the extent to which they spontaneously produce divergent ideas. In study 1, it is shown that construing the self at a personal level (“I”) induces the motivation to be independent, alone, and different, whereas construing the self at a social level (“we”) induces the motivation to be accepted, together, and to conform. In study 2, it is shown that--in the absence of explicit instructions to be different--personal self-construals lead to more diversity (e.g., drawing a golf cart as an example of a motor vehicle), whereas social self-construals lead to less diversity (e.g., drawing a car as an example of a motor vehicle). Possible implications for brainstorm sessions in groups and other group-based ventures in which diversity is desired are discussed. Why do individual members of a group often come up with more unique and divergent ideas when working alone than when working together as a group? This question has troubled many researchers, and not in the least those who study the often found productivity losses when people are brainstorming in groups (e.g., Mullen, Johnson, & Salas, 1991; Paulus, Larey, & Ortega, 1995). Since researchers started their search for reasons that individuals in groups seem to produce less divergent ideas, many suggestions have been offered, including “production blocking” (Diehl & Stroebe, 1987; Nijstad, Stroebe, & Lodewijkx, 2003), “social anxiousness” (Camacho & Paulus, 1995), and “conforming to norms” (Adarves-Yorno, Postmes, & Haslam, 2006). Notwithstanding the idea that social anxiety, production blocking, and conformance to norms may repress the expression of divergent ideas, in the current article we will explore an additional mechanism that may explain why people in groups often come up with less unique, divergent ideas than when working alone.
Spatial Variability of Escherichia coli in Rivers of Northern Coastal Ecuador

The use of contaminated surface water continues to be a pressing issue in areas of the world where people lack improved drinking water sources. In northern coastal Ecuador, many communities rely on untreated surface water as their primary source of drinking water. We undertook a study to explore how microscale river hydrodynamics affect microbial water quality at community water collection locations at three rivers with varying stream velocity and turbidity profiles. To examine how the distance from river shore and physiochemical water quality variables affect microbial contamination levels in the rivers; we collected a total of 355 water samples within six villages on three rivers; and tested for Escherichia coli concentrations using the IDEXX Quanti-tray method. We found that log10 E. coli concentrations decreased with increasing distance from shore (β = −0.017; p = 0.003). Water in the main channel had E. coli concentrations on average 0.12 log10 lower than within eddies along the river shore and 0.27 log10 lower between the sample closest to shore and any sample >6 m from the shore. Higher E. coli concentrations were also significantly associated with increased turbidity (β = 0.003; p < 0.0001) and decreased dissolved oxygen levels (β = −0.310; p < 0.0001). The results of this study can help inform community members about the safest locations to collect drinking water and also provide information on watershed scale transport of microbial contaminants between villages.
Putting Meaning into Grammar Learning

This paper proposes a formulation of grammar learning in which meaning plays a fundamental role. We present a computational model that aims to satisfy convergent constraints from cognitive linguistics and crosslinguistic developmental evidence within a statistically driven framework. The target grammar, input data and goal of learning are all designed to allow a tight coupling between language learning and comprehension that drives the acquisition of new constructions. The model is applied to learn lexically speciﬁc multi-word constructions from annotated child-directed transcript data.
A bi-state, metropolitan, school-based immunization campaign: lessons from the Kansas City experience.

INTRODUCTION Through school-based immunization programs, large numbers of children can be vaccinated in a cost-effective manner. Information from successful programs can be valuable to communities, schools, or pediatric health care providers considering the implementation of a school-based immunization program. The purpose of this study was to identify factors considered key to the success of a large bi-state, metropolitan, multi-school district, school-based, hepatitis B immunization program. METHOD Immunizations were offered to 14,865 sixth-grade students in 16 school districts at 123 public and private school buildings. Personnel from 6 health departments and numerous volunteers administered the vaccines. Twenty-two semistructured interviews were conducted with a representative sample of program participants from schools, health departments, and the coordinating immunization coalition. A qualitative, grounded theory analysis was performed using data from the interviews. RESULTS The following categories emerged and were considered important issues in the success of a school-based program: organization, time, obtaining consent, educational opportunity, school support, and student tracking. DISCUSSION School-based immunization programs can be successful, but they require a coordinated effort with school support to meet the challenges of obtaining consent and tracking students.
Multimodal analysis of speech prosody and upper body gestures using hidden semi-Markov models

Gesticulation is an essential component of face-to-face communication, and it contributes significantly to the natural and affective perception of human-to-human communication. In this work we investigate a new multimodal analysis framework to model relationships between intonational and gesture phrases using the hidden semi-Markov models (HSMMs). The HSMM framework effectively associates longer duration gesture phrases to shorter duration prosody clusters, while maintaining realistic gesture phrase duration statistics. We evaluate the multimodal analysis framework by generating speech prosody driven gesture animation, and employing both subjective and objective metrics.