Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Twiddle factor transformation for pipelined FFT processing

This paper presents a novel transformation technique that can derive various fast Fourier transform (FFT) in a unified paradigm. The proposed algorithm is to find a common twiddle factor at the input side of a butterfly and migrate it to the output side. Starting from the radix-2 FFT algorithm, the proposed common factor migration technique can generate most of previous FFT algorithms without using mathematical manipulation. In addition, we propose new FFT algorithms derived by applying the proposed twiddle factor moving technique, which reduce the number of twiddle factors significantly compared with the previous algorithms being widely used for pipelined FFT processing.
Information Privacy for Technology Users With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Why Does It Matter?

This article aims to explore the attitudes and behaviors of persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) related to their information privacy when using information technology (IT). Six persons with IDD were recruited to participate to a series of 3 semistructured focus groups. Data were analyzed following a hybrid thematic analysis approach. Only 2 participants reported using IT every day. However, they all perceived IT use benefits, such as an increased autonomy. Participants demonstrated awareness of privacy concerns, but not in situations involving the use of technology; their awareness is not transferred to the abstract context of IT use. Privacy breaches were revealed to be a major risk for persons with IDD, who did not seem to understand how their personal information was used. Most protection mechanisms and tools reported were those suggested and implemented by caregivers and close relatives who had a great influence on the participants’ attitudes and behaviors toward IT and privacy. Our findings suggest that when using IT, persons with IDD often experience the consequences of a trade-off between autonomy and privacy. Further research and action is needed to support persons with IDD to understand and balance the benefits of IT use and the inherent threats to information privacy.
The role of Cdc42 and Gic1 in the regulation of septin filament formation and dissociation

Septins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that polymerize into filamentous and higher-order structures. Cdc42 and its effector Gic1 are involved in septin recruitment, ring formation and dissociation. The regulatory mechanisms behind these processes are not well understood. Here, we have used electron microscopy and cryo electron tomography to elucidate the structural basis of the Gic1-septin and Gic1-Cdc42-septin interaction. We show that Gic1 acts as a scaffolding protein for septin filaments forming long and flexible filament cables. Cdc42 in its GTP-form binds to Gic1, which ultimately leads to the dissociation of Gic1 from the filament cables. Surprisingly, Cdc42-GDP is not inactive, but in the absence of Gic1 directly interacts with septin filaments resulting in their disassembly. We suggest that this unanticipated dual function of Cdc42 is crucial for the cell cycle. Based on our results we propose a novel regulatory mechanism for septin filament formation and dissociation. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.01085. 001
Metis: a smart memory allocator using historical reclamation information

Dynamic memory management has received extensive attention in the last decade. Reducing memory fragmentation is a major design consideration to achieve efficient memory management. However, for some loop intensive applications (e.g., Apache HTTP and Ngnix), state-of-the-art dynamic memory allocators are not capable of reducing fragmentation efficiently due to repeatedly allocations and deallocations of objects with varying size. To address this problem, we propose a smart memory allocator, called Metis, designed for loop intensive applications. In Metis, a program's runtime is divided into two phases: profiling phase and activation phase. For the former, Metis builds a model to group historical allocation instructions, the objects created which are interconnected and likely to be reclaimed together during the same Garbage Collection (GC) cycle. For the latter, a region group (a contiguous piece of memory that can be reclaimed as a whole) is created to serve allocation instructions from one instruction group in the model. Our experiment with extended SPECjvm2008 traces shows that 79% of true fragmentation in the global heap can be reduced and a larger fraction of false fragmentation in region groups.
Sentiment Classification for Microblog by Machine Learning

With the development of microblog, many studies pay special attention to sentiment classification of the reviews in microblog. This paper summarizes three well-known methods for text classification and then improves one of them for sentiment analysis. We come up with a new model in which we introduce efficient approaches to select features, calculate weights, train samples and evaluate classifier. The new model is based on Bayesian algorithm and machine learning that is one of the most popular methods for sentiment classification. Our model can enhance the overall efficiency of the sentiment classifier.
The potential of digital credentials to engage students with capabilities of importance to scholars and citizens

Digital credentials (or badges) allow evidence of achievement to be more detailed than is possible through grades, and can be shared more broadly than is possible through the academic transcript. Here, we illustrate the potential use of digital credentials in higher education through sharing an approach that utilised digital credentials to recognise the achievement of students who demonstrate outstanding achievement of specific graduate attributes. More specifically, we explore the potential use of digital credentials to contribute to the development of citizen scholars through engaging students at the course (degree) level, promoting experiential learning and facilitating public sharing. The credentialing strategy described was designed to enhance employability, and the standards and criteria associated with the award were developed in collaboration with industry partners to give students the opportunity to differentiate themselves in the graduate job market. However, student applications, perceptions of the application process and feedback from industry partners who assessed the submissions suggest that an unintended, but positive, outcome of the credentialing strategy was promotion of students’ personal identity and broader social engagement. We suggest that digital credentials at course level could be a useful tool to engage students with graduate attributes, foster graduate identity and develop graduates who are active and engaged citizens.
Bilingualism confers advantages in task switching: Evidence from the dimensional change card sort task

We examined the influence of bilingualism on task switching by inspecting various markers for task-switching costs. English monolinguals and Korean–English bilinguals completed a modified Dimensional Change Card Sort task based on a nonverbal task-switching paradigm. We found advantages for Korean–English bilinguals in terms of smaller single-task (pure-block) switch costs and greater reactivation benefits than those of English monolinguals. However, bilingual advantages in mixing costs were relatively weak, and the two groups did not differ on local switch costs. Notably, when we approximated the cue-based priming effect in single-task (pure) blocks, we found no evidence that the locus of bilingual advantages in task-switching performance is attributable to a basic cue-priming effect. Taken together, our results suggest that bilingualism is conducive to task switching via facilitation in control processing, including inhibition of proactive interferences and efficient adaptation to abstract task-set reactivation.
Practical Perfect Hashing

On presente une methode pratique permettant l'acces a une table en un temps constant. La methode est adaptee a des tables de grande taille et necessite dans la pratique un espace O(n) pour une table a n elements. De plus la table et la fonction d'acces peuvent etre construites en un temps O(n). On presente des variantes de la methode pour differents compromis entre l'utilisation de la memoire et le temps de mise a jour
Accuracy in Recalling Interest Inventory Information at Three Time Intervals

Abstract Rates of accurate recall of the Strong Interest Inventory (SII; L. W. Harmon, J. C. Hansen. F. H. Borgen, & A. L. Hammer, 1994) profile information varied with the amount of time elapsed since the interpretation, the type of SII scale, and whether immediate recall was elicited, but rates did not vary with the strategy used to provide the interpretation. Continuity of accurate recall over time was also observed.
A nonparametric view of the civilizing process in London’s Old Bailey

An increasing number of large humanities data sets are becoming available, and new tools and methods are required to analyze them. There is a risk that statisticians and humanists will fail to recognize the historical contingency of such data, and make assumptions on the distribution. If appropriate methods do not appear, algorithmic analysis of large humanities datasets will only be able to be used in a heuristic sense, to augment current understanding and prompt new questions and angles of analysis but not to make strong empirical claims. This work develops Bayesian nonparametric models that allow researchers to ask longitudinal questions of large humanities data sets with confidence they have corrected for pre-existing bias derived from the received tradition. The methods are tested on the Old Bailey Online (OBO), which draws its data from the notorious Old Bailey court of London England. The Court’s records span an unprecedented temporal landscape, from 1674 to 1913. The period witnessed significant legal and cultural change and is considered by historians to be a foundational period in the development of contemporary civil society. Coarse grain data regarding punishment and offence pairs are used to look for evidence of the so-called ‘civilizing process’, a crucial marker of change associating increases in bureaucratic control with a decrease in social disorder. The chosen model, selected using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) for model selection, suggests the underlying process governing the Old Bailey data changes every three years. By partitioning offences it is found that over time the distribution of punishments for each offence becomes less haphazard, offering strong evidence of the civilizing process. The methods used in this study are mathematically rigorous, based on open-source and widely available tools, and able to be used by a range of investigators. As such, this work contributes to the foundations being established for computational analysis of long-timescale historical trends using large humanities datasets.
Fast Recommendations sing GAI Models

This paper deals with Decision-Making in the context of multiattribute utility theory and, more precisely, with the problem of efficiently determining the best alternative w.r. t. an agent’s preferences (choice problem). We assume that alternatives are elements of a product set of attributes and that the agent’s preferences are represented by a generalized additive decomposable (GAI) utility on this set. Such a function allows an efficient representation of interactions between attributes while preserving some decomposability of the model. GAI utilities can be compiled into graphical structures called GAI networks that can be exploited to solve choice problems using collect/distribute schemes essentially similar to those used in Bayesian networks. In this paper, rather than directly using this scheme on the GAI network for determining the most preferred alternative, we propose to work with another GAI function, acting as an upper-bound on utility values and enhancing the model’s decomposability. This method still provides the exact optimal solution but speeds up significantly the search. It proves to be particularly useful when dealing with choice and ranking under constraints and within collective Decision-Making, where GAI nets tend to have a large size. We present an efficient algorithm for determining this new GAI function and provide experimental results highlighting the practical efficiency of our procedure.
Ethanol: an enhancer of major histocompatibility complex antigen expression

Ethanol enhances expression of cell surface class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens in a variety of cell lines; up to an eightfold increase is observed in an embryonic cell line. In ethanol‐treated L cells, increased cell surface expression of MHC antigens occurs with a concomitant increase in steady‐state RNA levels. This effect is promoter dependent and restricted, because not all gene products are elevated. The effective ethanol concentration (1%) is physiologically attainable, leading to speculations about the role of elevated MHC antigens in alcohol‐related diseases. — Parent, L. J.; Ehrlich, R. ; Matis, L. ; Singer, D. S. Ethanol: an enhancer of major histocompatibility complex antigen expression. FASEB J. 1: 469‐473; 1987.
Test–retest reliability and validity of a web-based food-frequency questionnaire for adolescents aged 13–14 to be used in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)

Background The assessment of food intake is challenging and prone to errors; it is therefore important to consider the reliability and validity of the assessment methods. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the reproducibility and validity of a developed food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for use among adolescents. Design In total, 58 students (aged 13–14) from four different schools in the southern part of Norway participated in the reproducibility study of filling out the FFQ 4 weeks apart. In addition, 93 students participated in the relative validity study where the FFQ was compared to 2×24-hour dietary recalls, while 92 students participated in the absolute validity study where the intakes of fatty acids and vitamin D from the FFQ were compared to fatty acids and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 in whole blood. Results The median Spearman correlation coefficient for all nutrients in the test–retest reliability study was 0.57. The median Spearman correlation for all nutrients in the relative validity study was 0.26, while the correlations coefficients were low in the absolute validity study with n-3 fatty acid coefficients ranging from 0.05 to 0.25, and absent for vitamin D (r=0.000). Conclusion The test–retest reproducibility was considered good, the relative validity was considered poor to good, and the absolute validity was considered poor. However, the results are comparable to other studies among adolescents.
Choice as an End versus a Means

This article investigates the consequence of the choice process for mental resources and the desire to obtain the selected products. The authors draw a distinction between instrumental choice, which serves preexisting consumption goals, and experiential choice, which serves as its own end. Across four studies, they find that instrumental choice undermines mental resources and experiential choice increases these resources. As a result, although experiential choice is made with no consumption goal in mind, compared with instrumental choice, it increases the desire to obtain the selected product. The authors demonstrate these effects on choice among a variety of consumer products (e.g., vacation packages, novels, flower bouquets).
Comparison of Modified With Classic Morrow Septal Myectomy in Treating Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the classic Morrow septal myectomy with the modified procedure in treating hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). A retrospective study was conducted to compare the outcomes of classic with modified Morrow septal myectomy in 42 patients treated from January 2005 to July 2011. Preoperative and postoperative ventricular septal thickness, left ventricular (LV) outflow tract velocity and gradient were measured echocardiographically.In both groups, the ventricular septal thickness, LV outflow tract velocity, and LV outflow tract gradient were significantly decreased after the operation. The modified Morrow procedure group, however, showed significantly greater reduction in these echocardiographic parameters than the classic procedure group. All patients in the modified procedure group were asymptomatic postoperatively with a postoperative transvalvular pressure gradient <30 mm Hg. In the classic procedure group, only 14 (87.5%) patients, however, were asymptomatic postoperatively with a postoperative transvalvular pressure gradient <30 mm Hg, and 2 patients still had severe LV outflow obstruction postoperatively.The modified Morrow septal myectomy is safe and effective in treating HOCM patients, and is superior to the classic procedure in reducing the LV outflow tract gradient and velocity, restoring normal anatomic atrioventricular size, and alleviating symptoms associated with HOCM.
Empirical solvent‐mediated potentials hold for both intra‐molecular and inter‐molecular inter‐residue interactions

Whether knowledge‐based intra‐molecular inter‐residue potentials are valid to represent inter‐molecular interactions taking place at protein‐protein interfaces has been questioned in several studies. Differences in the chain connectivity effect and in residue packing geometry between interfaces and single chain monomers have been pointed out as possible sources of distinct energetics for the two cases. In the present study, the interfacial regions of protein‐protein complexes are examined to extract inter‐molecular inter‐residue potentials, using the same statistical methods as those previously adopted for intra‐molecular residue pairs. Two sets of energy parameters are derived, corresponding to solvent‐mediation and “average residue” mediation. The former set is shown to be highly correlated (correlation coefficient 0.89) with that previously obtained for inter‐residue interactions within single chain monomers, while the latter exhibits a weaker correlation (0.69) with its intra‐molecular counterpart. In addition to the close similarity of intra‐ and inter‐molecular solvent‐mediated potentials, they are shown to be significantly more residue‐specific and thereby discriminative compared to the residue‐mediated ones, indicating that solvent‐mediation plays a major role in controlling the effective inter‐residue interactions, either at interfaces, or within single monomers. Based on this observation, a reduced set of energy parameters comprising 20 one‐body and 3 two‐body terms is proposed (as opposed to the 20 × 20 tables of inter‐residue potentials), which reproduces the conventional 20 × 20 tables with a correlation coefficient of 0.99.
The Effects of Physical form and Embodied Action in a Teachable Robot for Geometry Learning

A teachable agent is a learning companion that students teach about a domain they are trying to master. While most teachable agents have been virtual, there may be advantages to having students teach an agent with a physical form (i.e., a robot). The robot may better engage students in the learning activity, and if students take embodied action in order to instruct the robot, they may develop deeper knowledge. In this paper, we investigate these two hypotheses using the rTAG system, a teachable robot for geometry learning. In a study with 37 4th-6th grade participants, we compare rTAG to two other conditions, one where students use embodied action to teach a virtual agent, and one where students teach a virtual agent on a personal computer. We find that while there are no significant learning differences between conditions, students' perceptions of the agent are influenced by condition and prior knowledge.
A Microfluidic Platform for High-Throughput Multiplexed Protein Quantitation

We present a high-throughput microfluidic platform capable of quantitating up to 384 biomarkers in 4 distinct samples by immunoassay. The microfluidic device contains 384 unit cells, which can be individually programmed with pairs of capture and detection antibody. Samples are quantitated in each unit cell by four independent MITOMI detection areas, allowing four samples to be analyzed in parallel for a total of 1,536 assays per device. We show that the device can be pre-assembled and stored for weeks at elevated temperature and we performed proof-of-concept experiments simultaneously quantitating IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, PSA, and GFP. Finally, we show that the platform can be used to identify functional antibody combinations by screening 64 antibody combinations requiring up to 384 unique assays per device.
Roads and buildings from laser scanner data within a forest enterprise

Laser scanning with its ability to penetrate vegetation and its extremely high point density allows for a completely new approach to semi-automatically delineate man-made features (“objects”) in forested areas as a basis for the management of such data in a GIS. In this paper, emphasis is laid on the detection of roads and buildings from laser scanning data. The basis of our analysis is the generation of a DTM actually representing the earth surface (no tree tops, no building roofs). From a slope model of the terrain, break lines can be detected by applying standard edge extraction techniques. However, the slope model is still too noisy to deliver “good” (long, continuous) break lines. Thus, a pre-processing step making use of an edge-enhancing filter becomes necessary. From the results of break line detection, a new, geomorphologically revised terrain model can be derived. The break lines contain the road edges which can be interactively selected by the user. With respect to roads, the line extraction results can be improved using a snake algorithm. Building candidate regions can be detected from the differences of surface models derived from the original “last-pulse” and “first-pulse” laser data and the rectified ground model. The algorithm is based on a classification of elevation difference models followed by the improvement of classification results by a despeckle filter, the main problem being the distinction of tree tops from buildings. In this paper the algorithms involved for the solution of the above tasks are described and first test results are presented.
UM-Checker: A Hybrid System for English Grammatical Error Correction

This paper describes the NLP 2 CT Grammatical Error Detection and Correction system for the CoNLL 2013 shared task, with a focus on the errors of article or determiner (ArtOrDet), noun number (Nn), preposition (Prep), verb form (Vform) and subject-verb agreement (SVA). A hybrid model is adopted for this special task. The process starts with spellchecking as a preprocessing step to correct any possible erroneous word. We used a Maximum Entropy classifier together with manually rule-based filters to detect the grammatical errors in English. A language model based on the Google N-gram corpus was employed to select the best correction candidate from a confusion matrix. We also explored a graphbased label propagation approach to overcome the sparsity problem in training the model. Finally, a number of deterministic rules were used to increase the precision and recall. The proposed model was evaluated on the test set consisting of 50 essays and with about 500 words in each essay. Our system achieves the 5 th and 3 rd F1 scores on official test set among all 17 participating teams based on goldstandard edits before and after revision, respectively.