Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of intracerebroventricular injection of beta amyloid peptide (1-42) on caspase-3 activity, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and NOS expression in young adult and aged rat brain.

AIM Intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of beta amyloid peptide (Aβ) in rats can be used to model certain aspects of Alzheimer disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular Aβ (1-42) peptide injection on caspase-3 activity and expression of nNOS and iNOS, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and NOx in the hippocampus, temporal cortex and parietal cortex. MATERIAL AND METHODS Groups were defined as 1) young adult control, 2) Aβ (1-42) injected young adult, 3) aged control and 4) Aβ (1-42) injected aged group. Stereotaxic surgery was performed. Aβ (1-42) peptide (5μg/1μl, in each icv) was administered bilateral intracerebroventricularly as a single injection. RESULTS Caspase-3 activity significantly increased in Aβ (1-42) injected aged rats when compared with young adult rats. Aβ (1-42) significantly increased lipid peroxidation in both young adult and aged rats. There was an increase in nNOS expression in the temporal cortex of Aβ (1-42) injected aged rats. CONCLUSION The most significant increase was seen in hippocampus in caspase-3 levels of the Aged- Aβ 1-42 group. nNOS expression in the hippocampus of aged rats was increased compared to young adult rats. However, nNOX expression in the hippocampus of Aβ (1-42) injected aged rats decreased significantly.
Different flavours of Man-In-The-Middle attack, consequences and feasible solutions

Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack is one of the primary techniques employed in computer based hacking. MITM attack can successfully invoke attacks such as Denial of service (DoS), DNS spoofing and Port stealing. MITM attack is particularly suitable in a LAN environment, Where it is typically performed through ARP poisoning. MITM attack of every kind has lot of surprising consequences in store for users such as, stealing online account userid, password, stealing of local ftp id, ssh or telnet session etc. This paper emphasizes on different types of MITM attacks, their consequences and feasible solutions under different circumstances giving users options to choose one from various solutions. ARP spoofing and its effect in a LAN environment is studied in detail to achieve the stated objective.
Effect of Acupressure on Cervical Ripening

Background: Cervical ripening is one of the main stages of initiation labor. Acupressure in Chinese medicine is considered as an invasive technique, which through reliving oxytocin ripens the cervix. Acupoint Sanyinjiao (SP6) was selected in this study because it is the acupoint selected in gynecology and it is easy for women to locate and apply pressure without medical assistance. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of acupressure on cervical ripening. Patients and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 150 primigravida with term pregnancy who had referred to Deziani hospital in Gorgan were chosen and divided to three groups: in the first group acupressure was done by the researcher while in the second groups this was performed by the mother her self, and the third group served as a control and only received routine care. For both intervention groups the pressure was applied on Sp6 for about 20 minutes during one to five days. Elements were checked from cervical ripening at 48 and 96 hours after intervention and at the time of hospitalization. The tools for gathering information included demographic characteristics and midwifery history questionnaire, daily records and follow up forms. Content validity was used for validity of tools. Reliability of the observation check-list and physical examination was confirmed by inter-rater scores (inter observer), and daily records by test-re-test. Data was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-squared tests (P ≤ 0.05). Results: There was a significant difference between mothers’ educations in the three groups. Most of the mothers (59.5%) in the researcher-performed acupressure group had secondary education. Cervical ripening was significantly different between the three groups after 48 hours (P ≤ 0.05), yet there was no significant difference after 96 hours and at the time of admission. Mean Bishop score was enhanced after 48 hours in the researcher-performed acupressure group (P ≤ 0.021) and the self-performed acupressure group (P ≤ 0.007) in comparison to the control group. Conclusions: The results showed that acupressure is a safe technique and leads to cervical ripening. Thus, regarding the desired results that were achieved when mothers applied acupressure themselves, it could be suggested that it is beneficial for mothers to be trained to apply this method at home.
Crystallographic analysis of primary visual photochemistry.

Photochemical cis–trans isomerization of the retinylidene chromophore is the mechanism of the primary visual process in the eye. 11-cis-Retinal is covalently linked not only to the dim-light photoreceptor protein rhodopsin but also to each of the three color pigments in humans. All of these proteins belong to the superfamily of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). To achieve extreme sensitivity for photon detection, the photoisomerization reaction to the alltrans form in these pigments has to be strictly designed for efficient formation of the active form of the protein moiety, which catalyzes guanosine diphosphate to triphosphate (GDP–GTP) exchange in the a-subunit of the G protein. To understand the molecular mechanism of this primary photochemistry, detailed structural analysis is required. Recent advances in X-ray crystallographic studies of rhodopsin have opened a way to investigate the photoreaction with subatomic resolution. The first intermediate that can be trapped following light absorption by rhodopsin is bathorhodopsin (Figure 1a). Formation of bathorhodopsin occurs on an ultrafast timescale of a few hundred femtoseconds at room temperature. It exhibits a high quantum yield of 0.67 and stores about two-thirds of the photon energy (36 kcal mol ), which is used to drive the formation of subsequent intermediates. Spectroscopic studies at low temperature or with time resolution yielded indirect structural data for this photochemical intermediate. Resonance Raman spectra of trapped bathorhodopsin indicated a strongly distorted chromophore in the region where the isomerization has taken place; this distortion was recently substantiated and quan-
Writing in medical education: a student perspective

The Liason Committee of Medical Education (LCME) requires that faculties of medicine include specific instruction in written communication skills. This study explored medical students’ experiences with developing writing competencies and reported the findings of a survey of medical students that examined the relationship among students’ 1) self-reported writing competence (writing self-efficacy), 2) self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies, and 3) attitudes towards writing. The online survey was distributed in the fall and winter semester to 320 medical students enrolled in all four years of undergraduate medical education at an Atlantic Canadian university. The four-part survey included scales on writing self-efficacy, SRL strategy use, and attitudes towards writing, each tested for scale reliability. The sample of medical students (N = 53) ranked their writing competence high and SRL strategy use high, yet expressed low levels of feedback and writing instruction received from their medical instructors. The use of SRL strategies was positively correlated with perceived writing competence. Students did not have extensive experience with writing in a post-secondary setting. Many students saw the value of writing in medicine, and some expressed interest in attending workshops that could improve their writing. Student perspectives may inform curricular change, specifically the need to make written communication skills explicit in medical education. Students should be taught why effective writing skills are important in clinical practice to ensure writing practices are being valued. The results suggest that workshops to improve writing, and more clear and consistent feedback from teaching faculty, would be welcomed by students.
A Generic Event Notification System Using XML and SIP

We discuss a generic event notification system using XML and SIP. XML messages are used for configuration and filtering of events as well as the generation of GUI. Event notification handling is implemented using SUBSCRIBE and NOTIFY methods. The integration of XML and SIP offers greater flexibility in creating a robust event notification architecture. We describe the protocol design and implementation of such a system.
Invasive Drosophila suzukii facilitates Drosophila melanogaster infestation and sour rot outbreaks in the vineyards

How do invasive pests affect interactions between members of pre-existing agrosystems? The invasive pest Drosophila suzukii is suspected to be involved in the aetiology of sour rot, a grapevine disease that otherwise develops following Drosophila melanogaster infestation of wounded berries. We combined field observations with laboratory assays to disentangle the relative roles of both Drosophila in disease development. We observed the emergence of numerous D. suzukii, but no D. melanogaster flies, from bunches that started showing mild sour rot symptoms days after field collection. However, bunches that already showed severe rot symptoms in the field mostly contained D. melanogaster. In the laboratory, oviposition by D. suzukii triggered sour rot development. An independent assay showed the disease increased grape attractiveness to ovipositing D. melanogaster females. Our results suggest that in invaded vineyards, D. suzukii facilitates D. melanogaster infestation and, consequently, favours sour rot outbreaks. Rather than competing with close species, the invader subsequently permits their reproduction in otherwise non-accessible resources and may cause more frequent, or more extensive, disease outbreaks.
Computation of the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) descriptor of large scale images

Local binary patterns (LBPs) are powerful texture descriptors that have recently found several applications in medical image analysis. Research in this field is currently directed towards parallel implementations suitable for processing large scale images. Programming tool-sets such as the Open Computing Language (OpenCL) opened up opportunities for the development of various parallel algorithms and applications for General-Purpose GPU (GPGPU), all executable across heterogeneous OpenCL compliant platforms. In this report, we give an introduction to the LBP texture descriptor and the OpenCL framework. We will also discuss the computation of LBP descriptors for high resolution tissue images of biopsy samples, and outline various implementation aspects of the algorithm in OpenCL. Experiments were conducted on consumer-grade graphical processing units (GPUs) and a central processing unit (CPU), addressing relations to more than algorithmic complexities but limits on physical resources too. Acknowledgments Family, close family friends, and friends made during these four years in university for their continual support and encouragement. Dr Mukundan, for his advice, support and guidance as my supervisor.
Computer scientists from the former USSR: international mobility patterns and scientific success

In the present paper, we develop a new method of longitudinal analysis of bibliographic data in order to explore international mobility of researchers from the former USSR through their publication activity. Firstly, by means of name recognition algorithm using machine learning, we extracted from Web of Science a dataset of publications of more than three thousand of the most active computer scientists from the former Soviet Union. Then, the information on individuals' scientific production is presented in the form of a sequence of states which summarizes the affiliation location for all articles published by a certain author in a given period. We use Optimal Matching algorithm to measure the degree of difference (which, in the sequence analysis, is called distance) between the sequences of individual researchers' activity. The distance between sequences is analyzed by means of hierarchical clustering, which permits us to group computer scientists from the former USSR in several classes according to publication activity patterns. Not surprisingly, ex-soviet researchers having permanent affiliation in their home country are cited less than those who have permanent foreign affiliation. However, those who switch affiliations from former USSR to foreign or the other way round and publish in internationalized groups have one of the highest levels of citation per article among newcomers in discipline. Our research shows that scientific mobility of successful authors can be not only unidirectional, but can take form of a complex go-and-return pattern, the claim which relativizes the "brain drain" paradigm in the analysis of migration of highly qualified specialists from the former URSS. On the methodological level, we propose a new method for analyzing scientific activity which takes into account its longitudinal dynamics. This method can be used for research questions going far beyond the scope of migration studies.
On the Action of the Radiation Field Generated by a Traveling-Wave Element and Its Connection to the Time Energy Uncertainty Principle, Elementary Charge and the Fine Structure Constant

Recently, we published two papers in this journal. One of the papers dealt with the action of the radiation fields generated by a traveling-wave element and the other dealt with the momentum transferred by the same radiation fields and their connection to the time energy uncertainty principle. The traveling-wave element is defined as a conductor through which a current pulse propagates with the speed of light in free space from one end of the conductor to the other without attenuation. The goal of this letter is to combine the information provided in these two papers together and make conclusive statements concerning the connection between the energy dissipated by the radiation fields, the time energy uncertainty principle and the elementary charge. As we will show here, the results presented in these two papers, when combined together, show that the time energy uncertainty principle can be applied to the classical radiation emitted by a traveling-wave element and it results in the prediction that the smallest charge associated with the current that can be detected using radiated energy as a vehicle is on the order of the elementary charge. Based on the results, an expression for the fine structure constant is obtained. This is the first time that an order of magnitude estimation of the elementary charge based on electromagnetic radiation fields is obtained. Even though the results obtained in this paper have to be considered as order of magnitude estimations, a strict interpretation of the derived equations shows that the fine structure constant or the elementary charge may change as the size or the age of the universe increases.
Institutional report-Thoracic oncologic Effects of reclassification from the TNM-6 into the TNM-7 staging system in bronchoplastic resection for non-small cell lung cancer

In 2007, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer proposed changes to the sixth edition of the lung cancer stage classification system, which were adopted by the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer in 2009 (TNM-7). Using historic patient data, the effects of reclassification from the TNM-6 to the TNM-7 system were researched within a single institution. We retrospectively reclassified the pathological records of 145 patients who underwent bronchoplastic resection for non-small cell lung cancer between 1991 and 2004, by applying the new TNM-7 classification for lung cancer. A comparison between the previous and the new system was conducted. Out of 145 patients, 49 (33.8%) were reclassified into a new stage, 42 (85.7% of reclassified cases) being allocated to a lower and seven (14.3%) being assigned to a higher stage. Most of the patients switched from stage IIB to IIA (n=31, 63.3%). The application of the new TNM-7 staging system resulted in a more accurate stratification of five-year survival curves. The newly revised TNM classification for lung cancer appears to be superior in defining different prognostic groups for this cohort and should lead to an improvement in stage specific tumor therapy.  2011 Published by European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.
A near-infrared spectroscopic detection of the brown dwarf in the post common envelope binary WD 0137-349

We present a near-infrared spectrum of the close, detached white dwarf + brown dwarf binary WD 0137-349 (Maxted et al. 2006), that directly reveals the substellar companion through an excess of flux longwards of � 1. 95µm. We best match the data with a white dwarf + L8 composite model. For ages � 1 Gyr, the spectral type of the cool secondary is in agreement with the mass determined by Maxted et al. (2006) from radial velocity measurements (0.053 ± 0.006M⊙), and supports an evolutionary scenario in which the brown dwarf survived a previous phase of common envelope evolution which resulted in the formation of this close binary. The brown dwarf is the lowest mass companion to a white dwarf yet found, and the lowest mass object known to have survived a common envelope phase. At 1300 < Teff < 1400 K WD 0137-349B is also the coolest known companion to a white dwarf. At a separation a = 0.65R⊙ the hemisphere of the brown dwarf facing the 16, 500K white dwarf is being heated through irradiation. We discuss the possible effects of this additional heating, with particular relevance to those other close bin aries with substellar companions, the hot Jupiters. We propose future observations to investigate the likely temperature differences between the “day” and “night” sides of the brown dwarf.
3D Face Recognition under Expressions, Occlusions, and Pose Variations

We propose a novel geometric framework for analyzing 3D faces, with the specific goals of comparing, matching, and averaging their shapes. Here we represent facial surfaces by radial curves emanating from the nose tips and use elastic shape analysis of these curves to develop a Riemannian framework for analyzing shapes of full facial surfaces. This representation, along with the elastic Riemannian metric, seems natural for measuring facial deformations and is robust to challenges such as large facial expressions (especially those with open mouths), large pose variations, missing parts, and partial occlusions due to glasses, hair, and so on. This framework is shown to be promising from both-empirical and theoretical-perspectives. In terms of the empirical evaluation, our results match or improve upon the state-of-the-art methods on three prominent databases: FRGCv2, GavabDB, and Bosphorus, each posing a different type of challenge. From a theoretical perspective, this framework allows for formal statistical inferences, such as the estimation of missing facial parts using PCA on tangent spaces and computing average shapes.
A Simple Model for Option Pricing with Jumping Stochastic Volatility

This paper proposes a simple modification of the Black–Scholes model by assuming that the volatility of the stock may jump at a random time τ from a value σa to a value σb. It shows that, if the market price of volatility risk is unknown, but constant, all contingent claims can be valued from the actual price C0, of some arbitrarily chosen "basis" option. Closed form solutions for the prices of European options as well as explicit formulas for vega and delta hedging are given. All such solutions only depend on σa, σb and C0. The prices generated by the model produce a "smile"-shaped curve of the implied volatility.
ConDense: Managing data in community-driven mobile geosensor networks

Effectively managing the data generated by community-driven mobile geo-sensor networks is a new and challenging problem. One important step for managing and querying sensor network data is to create abstractions of the data in the form of models. These models can then be stored, retrieved, and queried, as required. There has been significant amount of prior literature on using models for query processing [1]-[5]. On the contrary, however, there has been a lack of understanding on developing reliable models, considering the unique characteristics of community-driven geo-sensor networks. In an effort to correct this situation, this paper proposes various approaches for modeling the data from a community-driven mobile geo-sensor network. This data is typically collected over a large geographical area with mobile sensors having uncontrolled or semi-controlled mobility. Therefore, we propose adaptive techniques that take into account such mobility patterns and produce an accurate representation of the sensed spatiotemporal phenomenon. To substantiate our proposals, we perform extensive evaluation of our methods on two real datasets.
CLASSIFYING GRAY-SCALE SAR IMAGES: A DEEP LEARNING APPROACH

Classifying Gray-scale differencing SAR images into two classes is very difficult due to the changeable impacts caused by the season, the imaging condition and so on. To optimize the state-of-the-art algorithms and to deal with the mentioned difficulty, a novel unsupervised classification algorithm is proposed based on deep learning, where the complex correspondence among the images is built up by Auto-encoder Model. With the proper usage of deep neural network model, we could classify differencing SAR images into two classes more accurately and preciously. Experiments well demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
ANN Based Classification for Heart Defibrillators

Current Intra-Cardia defibrillators make use of simple classification algorithms to determine patient conditions and subsequently to enable proper therapy. The simplicity is primarily due to the constraints on power dissipation and area available for implementation. Sub-threshold implementation of artificial neural networks offer potential classifiers with higher performance than commercially available defibrillators. In this paper we explore several classifier architectures and discuss micro-electronic implementation issues.
Investigation of the Relationship between Leisure Satisfaction and Smartphone Addiction of University Students

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Leisure Satisfaction levels and Smartphone Addictions of university students and to determine if these parameters differ in terms of various variables. The Leisure Satisfaction Scale, developed by Beard and Ragheb (1980) and adapted into Turkish by Gökçe and Orhan (2011) and the Smartphone Addiction Scale developed by Kwon et al. (2013) and adapted into Turkish by Noyan et al. (2015) were used in the study. Convenience sampling method for sample selection and face-to-face survey method for data collection were used. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis were used through SPSS package program. A total of 1636 volunteers, 766 males (46.8%) and 870 females (53.2%), participated in the study. According to the research findings, it was determined that the leisure satisfaction levels of male participants were higher than female participants and the levels of smartphone addiction of female participants were higher than male participants. It was concluded that the leisure satisfaction levels of those aged between 24-26 was higher than the other age groups and that the levels of smartphone addiction of those aged 20 or below were higher than the other age groups. As a result, although leisure satisfaction changed according to various variables, no significant relationship between leisure satisfaction and smartphone addiction was determined.