Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retransmission Schemes for 5G Radio Interface

The standardization of 5G radio interface has started in 3GPP since April 2016. For the design of retransmission schemes, some requirements such as flexible timing, low overhead, and fast feedback have already been identified. Considering these design requirements, the retransmission mechanisms for single-hop and multi-hop 5G scenarios are presented in this paper. A novel protocol for the HARQ/ARQ is proposed, that is designed to be not only fast and low-overhead but also reliable and does not require fixed timing relationships. Several RLC ARQ protocol architectures are also analysed for the multihop/self-backhaul scenarios. The results demonstrate that relay RLC protocol is a promising candidate for multi-hop scenarios.
Domain and Plan Representation for Task and Motion Planning in Uncertain Domains

As robots become more physically robust and capable of sophisticated sensing, navigation, and manipulation, we want them to carry out increasingly complex tasks. A robot that helps in a household must plan over the scale of hours or days, considering abstract features such as the desires of the occupants of the house, as well as detailed models that support locating and getting objects, whether ingredients and cooking tools for preparing a meal or finding medicines for an elderly patient. The complexity of such tasks derives from very long time horizons, large numbers of objects to be considered and manipulated, and fundamental uncertainty about properties and locations of those objects. This paper describes a tightly integrated approach, weaving together perception, estimation, geometric reasoning, symbolic task planning, and control to generate behavior in real robots that robustly achieves tasks in complex, uncertain domains. It is founded on four main principles: • Planning explicitly in the space of the robot’s beliefs about the state of the world is necessary for intelligent information-gathering behavior; • Planning with highly simplified domain models is efficient and can be made robust by using perception to detect execution failures and replanning online; • Combining logical and geometric reasoning enables effective planning in extremely large state spaces; • Online hierarchical planning interleaved with execution enables effective planning over very long time horizons. Recent research [1], [2], [3] has established the value of planning in belief space using simplified models and replanning. We have recently developed an approach to combining logical and geometric methods with online hierarchical planning that is effective in large deterministic domains with long planning horizons [4]. Our goal is to integrate these two ideas into a method for planning, acting, and estimating in large uncertain robotic domains. Several other approaches to integrating task and motion planning exist, although none of them treats issues of uncertainty. In the work of Cambon et al. [5], a symbolic domain acts as a constraint and provides a heuristic function for a complete geometric planner. Plaku and Heger [6] extend this approach to handle robots with differential constraints and provide a utility-driven search strategy. The work of Wolfe et al. [7] provides a hierarchical combined task and motion planner based on hierarchical transition networks (HTNs) and applies it to a manipulation-planning problem.
Eliminating Dead Computations on Recursive Data

This paper describes a general and e ective method for backward dependence analysis in the presence of recursive data constructions. The goal is to identify partially dead recursive data and eliminate dead computations on them. The method uses projections based on general regular tree grammars extended with the notion of live and dead, and de nes the analysis as mutually recursive grammar transformers. To guarantee that the analysis terminates, we describe how to use nite grammar abstract domains or carefully designed approximation operations. For methods based on nite domains, we describe a new application in caching intermediate results for program improvement. For methods based on approximation operations, we describe algorithms for three such operations that together produce more precise analysis results than previous methods. Finally, the analysis results are used to identify and eliminate dead
On Corrected Score Approach for Proportional Hazards Model with Covariate Measurement Error

Summary In the presence of covariate measurement error with the proportional hazards model, several functional modeling methods have been proposed. These include the conditional score estimator ( Tsiatis and Davidian, 2001 , Biometrika88, 447–458), the parametric correction estimator ( Nakamura, 1992 , Biometrics48, 829–838), and the nonparametric correction estimator ( Huang and Wang, 2000 , Journal of the American Statistical Association95, 1209–1219) in the order of weaker assumptions on the error. Although they are all consistent, each suffers from potential difficulties with small samples and substantial measurement error. In this article, upon noting that the conditional score and parametric correction estimators are asymptotically equivalent in the case of normal error, we investigate their relative finite sample performance and discover that the former is superior. This finding motivates a general refinement approach to parametric and nonparametric correction methods. The refined correction estimators are asymptotically equivalent to their standard counterparts, but have improved numerical properties and perform better when the standard estimates do not exist or are outliers. Simulation results and application to an HIV clinical trial are presented.
Evaluating the Translation Accuracy of a Novel Language-Independent MT Methodology

The current paper evaluates the performance of the PRESEMT methodology, which facilitates the creation of machine translation (MT) systems for different language pairs. This methodology aims to develop a hybrid MT system that extracts translation information from large, predominantly monolingual corpora, using pattern recognition techniques. PRESEMT has been designed to have the lowest possible requirements on specialised resources and tools, given that for many languages (especially less widely used ones) only limited linguistic resources are available. In PRESEMT, the main translation process is divided into two phases, the first determining the overall structure of a target language (TL) sentence, and the second disambiguating between alternative translations for words or phrases and establishing local word order. This paper describes the latest version of the system and evaluates its translation accuracy, while also benchmarking the PRESEMT performance by comparing it with other established MT systems using objective measures.
Thermal Monopoles

A bstract:Evidenceisgiven thatsom eparticleswith largechargesin gaugetheories, including 4d N = 4 SU(3)and 5d theorieswith N = 1 supersym m etry,have m acroscopicentropy.Theground stateentropy isfound to beextensive in thecharges.The m ass gap forexcitation is estim ated and isofthe sam e orderasthe binding energy. The question ofthe decay ofexcited statesthrough Hawking radiation israised. The analysisisbased on the m odelof(p;q)string websand on variousotherresults. The evidence pointsto an explanation in term sofa string m odel.
The VLA-COSMOS Survey. II. Source Catalog of the Large Project

The VLA-COSMOS Large Project is described and its scientific objective is discussed. We present a catalog of ~3600 radio sources found in the 2 deg2 COSMOS field at 1.4 GHz. The observations in the VLA A and C configuration resulted in a resolution of 1.5′′ × 1.4′′ and a mean rms noise of ~10.5 (15) μJy beam-1 in the central 1 (2) deg2. Eighty radio sources are clearly extended consisting of multiple components, and most of them appear to be double-lobed radio galaxies. The astrometry of the catalog has been thoroughly tested, and the uncertainty in the relative and absolute astrometry are 130 and <55 mas, respectively.
Analysis of Quality of Surveillance in fusion-based sensor networks

Recent years have witnessed the deployments of wireless sensor networks for mission-critical applications such as battlefield monitoring and security surveillance. These applications often impose stringent Quality of Surveillance (QoSv) requirements including low false alarm rate and short detection delay. In practice, collaborative data fusion techniques that can deal with sensing uncertainty and enable sensor collaboration have been widely employed in sensor systems to achieve stringent QoSv requirements. However, most previous analytical studies on the surveillance performance of wireless sensor networks are based on simplistic models (such as the disc model) that cannot capture the stochastic and collaborative nature of sensing. In this paper, we systematically analyze the fundamental relationship between QoSv, network density, sensing parameters, and target properties. The results show that data fusion is effective in achieving stringent QoSv requirements, especially in the senarios with low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). In contrast, the disc model is only suitable when the SNR is sufficiently high. Our results help understand the limitations of disc model and provide insights into improving QoSv of sensor networks using data fusion.
CAPILLARITY AND TWO-PHASE FLUID TRANSPORT IN MEDIA WITH FIBERS OF DISSIMILAR PROPERTIES

CAPILLARITY AND TWO-PHASE FLUID TRANSPORT IN MEDIA WITH FIBERS OF DISSIMILAR PROPERTIES By Thomas Michael Bucher Jr., M.S. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2014 Director: Dr. Hooman Vahedi Tafreshi Associate Professor, Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Capillarity is a physical phenomenon that acts as a driving force in the displacement of one fluid by another within a porous medium. This mechanism operates on the micro and nanoscale, and is responsible for countless observable events. This can include applications such as absorption in various hygiene products, self-cleaning surfaces such as water beading up and rolling off a specially-coated windshield, anti-icing, and water management in fuel cells, among many others. The most significant research into capillarity has occurred within the last century or so. Traditional formulations for fluid absorption include the Lucas–Washburn model for porous media, which is a 1-D model that reduces a porous medium to a series of capillary tubes of some educated equivalent radius. The Richards equation allows for modeling fluid saturation as a function of time and space, but requires additional information on capillary pressure as a function of saturation (pc(S)) in order to solve for absorption. In both approaches, the surface can only possess one fluid affinity. This thesis focuses on developing capillary models necessary for predicting fluid absorption and repulsion in fibrous media. Some of the work entails utilizing approximations based on pore space available to the fluid, which allows for capillary pressure simulation in media with arbitrary fiber orientation. This thesis also presents models for tracking the fluid interface in fibrous media and coatings with simpler geometries such as horizontally and vertically aligned fibers and orthogonal fiber layers. This method hinges on solving for the true fluid interface shape between the fibers based on the balance of forces across it, ensuring the accurate location and total content of fluid in the medium, and therefore accurate pc(S). Using this approach also allows, for the first time, fibers of different fluid affinities to exist in the same structure, to examine their combined influence on fluid behavior. The models in this thesis focus mainly on absorbent fabrics and superhydrophobic coatings, but can be easily expanded for use in other applications such as water filtration from fuel, fluid transport and storage in microchannels, polymer impregnation in fiber-reinforced composite materials, among countless others.
Differential Regulation of NADPH Oxidase in Sympathetic and Sensory Ganglia in Deoxycorticosterone Acetate–Salt Hypertension

We demonstrated recently that superoxide anion levels are elevated in prevertebral sympathetic ganglia of deoxycorticosterone acetate–salt hypertensive rats and that this superoxide anion is generated by reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. In this study we compared the reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase enzyme system of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and sympathetic celiac ganglion (CG) and its regulation in hypertension. The reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity of ganglion extracts was measured using fluorescence spectrometry of dihydroethidine; the activity in hypertensive dorsal root ganglion was 34% lower than in normotensive DRG. In contrast, activity was 79% higher in hypertensive CG than normotensive CG. mRNA for the oxidase subunits NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, p47phox, and p22phox were present in both CG and DRG; mRNA for NOX4 was significantly higher in CG than in DRG. The levels of mRNA and protein expression of the membrane-bound catalytic subunit p22phox and of the regulatory subunits p47phox and Rac-1 were measured in CG and DRG in normotensive and hypertensive rats. p22phox mRNA and protein expression was greater in CG of hypertensive rats but not in DRG. Compared with normotensive controls, p47phox mRNA and protein, as well as Rac-1 protein, were significantly decreased in hypertensive DRG but not in CG. Immunohistochemical staining of p47phox showed translocation from cytoplasm to membrane in hypertensive CG but not in hypertensive DRG. This suggests that reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activation in sympathetic neurons and sensory neurons is regulated in opposite directions in hypertension. This differential regulation may contribute to unbalanced vasomotor control and enhanced vasoconstriction in the splanchnic circulation.
Computer Modeling of Crystalline Electrolytes: Lithium Thiophosphates and Phosphates

First principles modeling techniques are used to examine the stabilities, structures, and Li ion migration properties of (thio)phosphate electrolyte materials focusing on the “superionic” electrolyte Li7P3S11. Our simulations find a stable structure for Li7P3S11 that is in approximate agreement with X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments. The calculated formation energy predicts the structure to be unstable with respect to decomposition into Li3PS4 and Li4P2S6 plus excess S which has been observed experimentally under certain preparation conditions. The minimum activation energy for Li ion migration is estimated to EA = 0.15 eV for a vacancy mechanism, a result which approximates the value of EA = 0.12 eV determined from temperature-dependent conductivity measurements. Within the accuracy of the calculations, some vacancy-interstitial pair formation energies are found to be Ef ≈ 0. These low energy vacancy-interstitial pair formation processes contribute to the “superionic” properties of this material. For comparison, simulations on hypothetical phosphate and phosphonitride materials with similar crystal structures are presented and the results are analyzed in terms of possible connections to LiPON electrolytes.
BRANCHED1 Promotes Axillary Bud Dormancy in Response to Shade in Arabidopsis[C][W]

Arabidopsis BRANCHED1 is required for branch suppression in response to shade. Transcriptional profiling of shade-treated wild-type and brc1 axillary buds revealed a group of ABA response genes and a network of cell cycle– and ribosome-related genes whose mRNA levels are dependent on BRC1 function. These genes may play a key role in the growth-to-dormancy transition in buds. Plants interpret a decrease in the red to far-red light ratio (R:FR) as a sign of impending shading by neighboring vegetation. This triggers a set of developmental responses known as shade avoidance syndrome. One of these responses is reduced branching through suppression of axillary bud outgrowth. The Arabidopsis thaliana gene BRANCHED1 (BRC1), expressed in axillary buds, is required for branch suppression in response to shade. Unlike wild-type plants, brc1 mutants develop several branches after a shade treatment. BRC1 transcription is positively regulated 4 h after exposure to low R:FR. Consistently, BRC1 is negatively regulated by phytochrome B. Transcriptional profiling of wild-type and brc1 buds of plants treated with simulated shade has revealed groups of genes whose mRNA levels are dependent on BRC1, among them a set of upregulated abscisic acid response genes and two networks of cell cycle– and ribosome-related downregulated genes. The downregulated genes have promoters enriched in TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, and PCF (TCP) binding sites, suggesting that they could be transcriptionally regulated by TCP factors. Some of these genes respond to BRC1 in seedlings and buds, supporting their close relationship with BRC1 activity. This response may allow the rapid adaptation of plants to fluctuations in the ratio of R:FR light.
Asian‐Americans’ Earnings Disadvantage Reexamined: The Role of Place of Education1

Past research has reported that Asian‐Americans, and Asian immigrants in particular, have lower earnings than do whites within the same levels of education. However, few studies have explored why this earnings disadvantage exists. This article investigates whether and to what extent this disadvantage can be attributed to the lower value of foreign education in the U.S. job market. By comparing earnings of four groups of workers—U.S.‐born whites, U.S.‐born Asian‐Americans, U.S.‐educated Asian immigrants, and Asian immigrants who completed education prior to immigration, we examine earnings gaps between whites and Asian‐Americans that are attributable to race, nativity, and place of education. Our results show that (1) there is no earnings difference across U.S.‐born whites, U.S.‐born Asian‐Americans, and U.S.‐educated Asian immigrants, and that (2) foreign‐educated Asian immigrants earn approximately 16% less than the other three groups of workers. We conclude that place of education plays a crucial role in the stratification of Asian‐Americans, whereas race and nativity per se are inconsequential once place of education is taken into account.
The Effect of Regular Aerobic Exercise and Garlic Supplementation on Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure in Inactive Subjects

Background: Regular exercise and consuming garlic can independently improve blood pressure and lipid profile. However, combining these lifestyle modifications may be more effective than either intervention alone. Objectives: We examined the combined effect of garlic supplementation and regular exercise on lipid profile and blood pressure in inactive young men. Patients and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 36 young inactive men (20 - 30 years old) were randomly assigned to one of the following interventions: Garlic (G), Training and Garlic (TG), Placebo (P), and Training and Placebo (TP). Subjects consumed 2 capsules per day which contained 500 mg of garlic powder or placebo. The training groups performed aerobic training including 30 - 45 minutes running at 60 - 75% of maximum heart rate. The exercise training program consisted of running on treadmill 4 times/week. Prior to and after 4 weeks of interventions blood pressure was recorded and blood samples were taken in order to assess lipid profile. Two-way repeated measures analysis and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used to analyze the data. Results: Garlic consumption simultaneous with regular exercise lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure and there was significant difference between TG and P groups (P > 0.05). We observed no significant difference among groups in triglyceride, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels (P > 0.05). Yet, HDL-C levels significantly increased in TG group compared to pre-test levels (P > 0.05). Conclusions: We conclude that the combination of regular aerobic exercise and garlic supplementation might be more effective on blood pressure than either intervention alone.
Depression and anxiety among partners of European-American and Latino patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To assess the levels of and the independent contributors to depressive affect and anxiety among partners of patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The partners of 75 Latino and 113 European-American patients with type 2 diabetes were assessed for level of depressive affect and anxiety and for three groups of potential stressors: demographics (age, gender, and education), patient disease status (time since diagnosis, HbA(1c), comorbidities, and BMI), and family stress (disease impact, spouse conflict, and family closeness). Dependent variables were partner depressive affect (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale) and anxiety (Symptom Checklist [SCL-90] anxiety). Predictors of partner depressive affect and anxiety and partner-patient concordance rates were computed. RESULTS Levels of depressive affect and anxiety and rates of likely depression (21.4%) were as high for partners as they were for patients. No differences were found on depressive affect or anxiety by ethnicity, but female partners scored higher than male partners on both measures. Partner-patient concordance rates were low. The family level variables accounted for the most variance in both depressive affect and anxiety, with demographics and disease status variables contributing modest or nonsignificant independent variance. CONCLUSIONS Partners of patients with type 2 diabetes experience levels of psychological distress as high or even higher than patients, especially if the partner is female. Low levels of concordance suggest that partners can be distressed even if patients are not. Many life stresses contribute to psychological distress among partners, not just disease-related indicators. The findings suggest the utility of evaluating both partners and patients using a life-centered rather than a disease-focused perspective.
New Player of ncRNAs: Long Non-coding RNAs

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in a wide range of biological processes as regulatory factors at the epigenetic, transcriptional and post- transcriptional levels. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of lncRNAs discoveries including their identification, classifications and functions.
BANDWIDTH RESERVATION POLICY PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN A WIRELESS CELLULAR NETWORK UNDER NON-EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTIONS

Past studies in bandwidth reservation strategies in wireless multimedia cellular networks use the exponential distribution for service time and inter-arrival time distributions. But in real world (example like GSM/GPRS), inter-arrival, service time and cell residence time in cellular systems have been shown to be non-exponential. As a result, network performance could be worse than that reported in the literature. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of the network performance under various non-exponential distributions on a specific bandwidth reservation policy. The threshold-based bandwidth reservation policy has been taken into consideration and its performance is observed under different inter-arrival time distributions, and channel holding time distributions. The network performance is measured in terms of new call blocking probability and handoff call dropping probability.