Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clustering routing algorithm using game-theoretic techniques for WSNs

Wireless sensor networks (for short, WSNs) can be used in many aspects in the future. One obstacle is their limited supply of energy. Therefore, minimizing energy consumption and maximizing the system lifetime have been major design goals for WSNs. This paper presents an energy-efficient ACHGT (Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy based on Game-theoretic Techniques) routing algorithm for WSNs. Individual sensors of the algorithm are modeled as players to make decisions about whether electing to become cluster-head nodes by using node energy payoff functions to weigh their own costs and benefits. This strategy can keep sensor nodes of lower remainder energy out from being used up quickly. Besides, it can evenly distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network to prolong system lifetime. Detailed simulations of sensor network environments demonstrate that the ACHGT algorithm reduces energy consumption, and improves the evenness of dissipated network energy and the ability to postpone the network partitions.
Integrating Cellular Automata with Unsupervised Deep-Learning Algorithms: A Case Study of Urban-Sprawl Simulation in the Jingjintang Urban Agglomeration, China

An effective simulation of the urban sprawl in an urban agglomeration is conducive to making regional policies. Previous studies verified the effectiveness of the cellular-automata (CA) model in simulating urban sprawl, and emphasized that the definition of transition rules is the key to the construction of the CA model. However, existing simulation models based on CA are limited in defining complex transition rules. The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of two unsupervised deep-learning algorithms (deep-belief networks, DBN) and stacked denoising autoencoders (SDA) to define transition rules in order to obtain more accurate simulated results. Choosing the Beijing–Tianjin–Tangshan urban agglomeration as the study area, two proposed models (DBN–CA and SDA–CA) were implemented in this area for simulating its urban sprawl during 2000–2010. Additionally, two traditional machine-learning-based CA models were built for comparative experiments. The implementation results demonstrated that integrating CA with unsupervised deep-learning algorithms is more suitable and accurate than traditional machine-learning algorithms on both the cell level and pattern level. Meanwhile, compared with the DBN–CA, the SDA–CA model had better accuracy in both aspects. Therefore, the unsupervised deep-learning-based CA model, especially SDA–CA, is a novel approach for simulating urban sprawl and also potentially for other complex geographical phenomena.
Time-to-treatment of mental disorders in a community sample of Dutch adolescents. A TRAILS study

Aims. Timely recognition and treatment of mental disorders with an onset in childhood and adolescence is paramount, as these are characterized by greater severity and longer persistence than disorders with an onset in adulthood. Studies examining time-to-treatment, also referred to as treatment delay, duration of untreated illness or latency to treatment, and defined as the time between disorder onset and initial treatment contact, are sparse and all based on adult samples. The aim of this study was to describe time-to-treatment and its correlates for any health care professional (any care) and secondary mental health care (secondary care), for a broad range of mental disorders, in adolescents. Methods. Data from the Dutch community-based cohort study TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS; N = 2230) were used. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was administered to assess DSM-IV disorders, the age of onset, and the age of initial treatment contact with any health care professional in 1584 adolescents of 18–20 years old. In total 43% of the adolescents (n = 675) were diagnosed with a lifetime DSM-IV disorder. The age of initial treatment contact with secondary care was based on administrative records from 321 adolescents without a disorder onset before the age of 10. Descriptive statistics, cumulative lifetime probability plots, and Cox regression analyses were used analyze time-to-treatment. Results. The proportion of adolescents who reported lifetime treatment contact with any care varied from 15% for alcohol dependence to 82% for dysthymia. Regarding secondary care, proportions of lifetime treatment contact were lower for mood disorders and higher for substance dependence. Time-to-treatment for any care varied considerably between and within diagnostic classes. The probability of lifetime treatment contact for mood disorders was above 90%, whereas for other mental disorders this was substantially lower. An earlier age of onset predicted a longer, and the presence of a co-morbid mood disorder predicted a shorter time-to-treatment in general. Disorder severity predicted a shorter time-to-treatment for any care, but not for secondary care. Time-to-treatment for secondary care was shorter for adolescents from low and middle socioeconomic background than for adolescents from a high socioeconomic background. Conclusion. Although the time-to-treatment was shorter for adolescents than for adults, it was still substantial, and the overall patterns were remarkably similar to those found in adults. Efforts to reduce time-to-treatment should therefore be aimed at children and adolescents. Future research should address mechanisms underlying time-to-treatment and its consequences for early-onset disorders in particular.
Cognitive Dysfunction and Physical Disability Are Associated with Mortality in Extremely Elderly Patients

A few reports have demonstrated that cognitive or physical dysfunction is associated with increased mortality in very elderly patients, those over 80 years of age. Using simple clinical tests, we evaluated the impact of cognitive or physical dysfunction on future total and cardiovascular deaths. We conducted a multicenter prospective study of 523 extremely elderly outpatients, aged ≥ 80 years (mean±SD age: 84±5.3 years). These patients had normal activities of daily living at baseline. They were followed for an average of 34 months (range: 3–70 months), after which the total and cardiovascular deaths were evaluated. Cognitive and physical functions were evaluated by a short-term memory test using visual working memory and the getup-and-go test, respectively. Seventy-five deaths, including 36 cardiovascular deaths, occurred during the follow-up period. In a Cox regression analysis model controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (BP), cholesterol level, and history of cardiovascular diseases, cognitive dysfunction was found to be an independent risk factor for total death (p<0.001), and cognitive dysfunction (p<0.001) and physical dysfunction (p=0.05) were independent risk factors for cardiovascular death. The determinants of cognitive dysfunction were associated with a lower diastolic BP (p=0.04) adjusted for age, BMI, and a history of cardiovascular disease. Cognitive function, which was associated with lower BP levels, and physical function were the independent predictors of total and cardiovascular mortality among all cardiovascular risk factors in the very elderly, those at least 80 years of age.
Molecular recognition of pre-tRNA by Arabidopsis protein-only Ribonuclease P

Protein-only ribonuclease P (PRORP) is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the 5′ end maturation of precursor transfer ribonucleic acids (pre-tRNAs) encoded by various cellular compartments in many eukaryotes. PRORPs from plants act as single-subunit enzymes and have been used as a model system for analyzing the function of the metazoan PRORP nuclease subunit, which requires two additional proteins for efficient catalysis. There are currently few molecular details known about the PRORP–pre-tRNA complex. Here, we characterize the determinants of substrate recognition by the single subunit Arabidopsis thaliana PRORP1 and PRORP2 using kinetic and thermodynamic experiments. The salt dependence of binding affinity suggests 4–5 contacts with backbone phosphodiester bonds on substrates, including a single phosphodiester contact with the pre-tRNA 5′ leader, consistent with prior reports of short leader requirements. PRORPs contain an N-terminal pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) domain, truncation of which results in a >30-fold decrease in substrate affinity. While most PPR-containing proteins have been implicated in single-stranded sequence-specific RNA recognition, we find that the PPR motifs of PRORPs recognize pre-tRNA substrates differently. Notably, the PPR domain residues most important for substrate binding in PRORPs do not correspond to positions involved in base recognition in other PPR proteins. Several of these residues are highly conserved in PRORPs from algae, plants, and metazoans, suggesting a conserved strategy for substrate recognition by the PRORP PPR domain. Furthermore, there is no evidence for sequence-specific interactions. This work clarifies molecular determinants of PRORP–substrate recognition and provides a new predictive model for the PRORP–substrate complex.
Predictions of cement microfracture under crowns using 3D-FEA.

PURPOSE The objective of this research study was to test the effects of (1) crown margin type, (2) cement type, (3) cement thickness, (4) loading direction, and (5) loading magnitude on stress levels and distributions within luting cement that might lead to cement microfracture using three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two three-dimensional computer models, as well as models for standards, were generated for a mandibular first premolar. Crown preparations exhibited shoulder or chamfer margin configurations, and zinc phosphate, zinc polycarboxylate, glass ionomer, and resin cements were used in thicknesses of 25 or 100 microm. Modeled crowns were loaded axially or obliquely at 10 and 100 MPa. Areas and levels of stress concentrations within the cement were determined. RESULTS Stresses in the cement were low for all situations except 100 MPa oblique stressing. Stresses at the margins of crowns with chamfer marginal configuration were higher than those with shoulder margins. Stresses under oblique stressing were 10 to 150 times higher than under axial stressing. Except for Zn phosphate cement, cement thickness minimally affected stress levels and distributions. Greater stresses were found in cements with the greater Young's modulus. CONCLUSIONS Although the chamfer margin design could lead to greater stresses near the margins that places the cement at risk for microfracture and possible crown failure, glass-ionomer and composite resin cements have more favorable mechanical properties for resisting microfracture.
The effects of microeconomic factors on the stock market: A panel for the stock exchange in Istanbul ARDL analysis

In this study, microeconomic factors affecting the average returns of stocks traded in Stock Exchange Istanbul (BIST) were analyzed by panel ARDL method. For this purpose, 25 microeconomic variables owned by 130 companies which operate in the manufacturing sector and being processed continuous trade on stock exchange in the 2000:Q1 – 2017:Q3 period and 4 dummy variables belonging to Turkey’s economy were used and there were established 23 different econometric models to investigate the relationships between these variables. In this study, of time series analysis methods Levin, Lin and Chu (2002), Im, Pesaran and Shin (2003) and Hadri (2000) Panel unit root tests and Panel ARDL methods were used with Carrion-i Silvestre et al. (2009) multiple structural fractured unit root tests. As a result of the analyzes made, it was found that the rise in stock turnover rate and net profit to total assets ratio affected positively share earnings both in the short term and in the long term and it was seen that the effect in the short term was higher. It was designated that total sales increased share earnings of growth of increase rate and increases in the growth of total assets in the long term. It was determined that increases of on current ratio, on the ratio of equity capital ratio to tangible assets, on the ratio of own capital to assets, on accounts receivables turnover rate, net profits, on the ratio of equity, the marketing values of companies, on the ratio of book value increased share earnings in a short term and increases of on the ratio of debt to tangible assets and asset turnover decreased share earnings in a short term significantly.
A computationally efficient current controller for simultaneous injection of both positive and negative sequences

Reducing the required processing time of current controllers used in grid side converter (GSC) of renewable energy systems (RES) allows to optimize the limited processing resources and at the same time minimize the cost of the processors required. In addition, the transient behavior of these controllers must be fast and with low overshoot for the GSC to support the grid during off-nominal grid conditions and according to the grid code requirements imposed. For a converter to respond accordingly, the injection of both positive and negative sequences of fundamental current under off-nominal grid conditions is necessary. The work presents a GSC current controller that meets all modern grid requirements expected. It has been developed by introducing two modifications to an existing current controller. Experiments and simulations have been performed to validate the operation of the proposed current controller in terms of complexity and performance. Consequently, the new current controller requires 22% less processing time and can achieve a faster and more accurate response in order to meet modern grid code requirements under off-nominal conditions.
Early responses to chemotherapy of normal and malignant hematologic cells are prognostic in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PURPOSE Improved cure rates for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have resulted from better relapse prediction, using clinical and laboratory features at diagnosis, and more intensive therapy in high-risk patients. More recently, measurements of the variation in the response of malignant lymphoblasts to chemotherapy in vivo have further improved relapse prediction. It is unknown whether the variation in the response of nonmalignant hematologic cells after chemotherapy correlates with the response of lymphoblasts or risk of relapse. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated myelosuppression during induction and consolidation chemotherapy in 227 children uniformly treated for ALL on consecutive Australian and New Zealand Children's Cancer Study Group protocols. The early response to treatment was assessed in a representative subset (n = 62) by determining minimal residual disease (MRD) level by molecular techniques on the end-of-induction bone marrow sample. RESULTS We found that a slow rate of myeloid recovery at the end of induction chemotherapy, reflected in a low absolute neutrophil count (ANC), was highly predictive of relapse (P < .0001). Additionally, patients with a high end-of-induction MRD level had a high risk of relapse (P = .001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the independent prognostic significance of MRD and ANC at the end of induction chemotherapy (P < .05). There was no significant association between other measures of myelotoxicity and MRD or relapse. CONCLUSION We conclude that the responses of normal myeloid cells and malignant lymphoblasts to chemotherapy predict outcome by distinct mechanisms. While these results are promising, their use in the clinical setting needs to be examined in a future randomized controlled trial.
Cytomegalovirus DNA in the sera of patients with cytomegalovirus pneumonia

Summary We attempted to detect cytomegalovirus DNA (CMV‐DNA) in the sera of four leukaemia patients who underwent an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT), in six leukaemia patients who suffered from pneumonia and in 16 healthy subjects, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three of the four BMT patients subsequently developed CMV pneumonia. In two cases, CMV‐DNA was detected in the sera at about the time the pneumonia occurred, and the amount of DNA increased with disease progression. The serum of the third patient became positive for CMV‐DNA before he developed pneumonia. The fourth patient did not develop CMV pneumonia, but his urine became persistently positive for CMV‐DNA soon after the BMT, whereas the serum was negative. A relationship was found between the occurrence of pneumonia and the serum level of CMV‐DNA. CMV‐DNA was also detected in three of six pneumonia patients whose anti‐CMV IgM antibodies were elevated in the circulation. Sera from the 16 normal subjects were negative for CMV‐DNA, regardless of their being seropositive or seronegative for CMV.
Large-T-antigen-p53 complex formation is not cold sensitive in a cold-sensitive transformant induced by simian virus 40 mutant tsA1499

F111 rat cells transformed by simian virus 40 mutant tsA1499 are cold sensitive for the expression of transformation. Yet, unlike F111 cells transformed by tsA58, they do not lose the ability to stabilize the transformation-associated host cell protein p53 at the temperature at which transformation is extinguished.
Tumor Vaccination That Enhances Antitumor T-Cell Responses Does Not Inhibit the Growth of Established Tumors Even in Combination With Interleukin-12 Treatment: The Importance of Inducing Intratumoral T-Cell Migration

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) treatment is effective in the CSA1M but not in the Meth A and CSA1M-variant tumor models. The authors investigated the cause by which IL-12 treatment fails to induce tumor regression in these two tumor models. T cells from CSA1M-bearing mice have high levels of IL-12 responsiveness, whereas cells from Meth A–bearing mice display marginal levels of responsiveness. Because IL-12 responsiveness in T cells is induced after T-cell receptor stimulation, the lack of IL-12 responsiveness suggests that T cells in Meth A–bearing mice are not sensitized to Meth A tumor antigen. Immunization of normal mice with attenuated Meth A tumor cells resulted in a protective immunity, as shown by the rejection of challenged viable Meth A cells. Such an immunization, when performed in Meth A–bearing mice, induced potent IL-12 responsiveness in T cells. Nevertheless, IL-12 treatment in these mice did not inhibit tumor growth. In another IL-12–incurable (CSA1M-variant) model, IL-12 responsiveness was observed before tumor cell immunization. However, IL-12 treatment was ineffective regardless of whether tumor cell immunization was performed. In these two models, the failure of IL-12 treatment to induce tumor regression was associated with the lack of T-cell migration to tumor sites. These results indicate that the sensitization of T cells to tumor antigens and generation of IL-12 responsiveness are insufficient to induce tumor regression when these sensitized T cells are not allowed to migrate to tumor sites.
[A preliminary report of two cases of human hand allograft].

OBJECTIVE To study the feasibility of reconstruction of amputation by hand allograft in human being. METHODS Two male recipients with traumatic right wrist amputation for 2 years, were matched respectively to two ABO- and Rh-compatible, HLA- half mpatible brain-dead donors. Direct crossmatch was performed to confirm the absence of prior sensitization to alloantigens. After amputation the donor's arm was irrigated with UW organ preservation solution at 4 degrees, and transported in a box with ice. One of the two donor arms was randomly selected and irradiated by 8 gy x-ray before transplantation. The transplantation involved radial and ulnar bone fixation, anastomoses of radial and ulnar artery, sutures of median and ulnar and radial nerves, joining of tendons except flexors digitorum superficialis, and skin closure. After surgery the patients were given wide-spectrum antibiotics, anticoagulation and antispasm agents, and immunosuppressants, which included antithymocyte globins, FK506, mycophenolic acid, prednisone systematically and fluocinolone acetonide ointment locally. Clinical observations included vital signs and circulation of the hands. Immune state was monitored by assaying C-reactive protein, Igs and PRA in the blood. Skin biopsy was done to exclude the dermal rejection. After the surgery the patients received psychotherapy and hand rehabilitation. RESULTS The circulation of the transplanted hands was similar to that of replanted ones. One of the patients developed hyperglycaemia, which required insulin administration. The skin healed naturally. The nerve regeneration were found more rapid by Tinel's sign. At 7 weeks erythema papulatum occurred on the skin, which was cured by withdrawing of fluocinolone acetonide ointment and application of calamine lotion. At 4 months the function of grafted hands recovered well, which could hold a drinking cup. The nerves had grown to the end of fingers and electromyograph showed regenerative action potentials of thenal muscles. Skin biopsy confirmed no rejection. CONCLUSION Ideal histocompatability and combined usage of currently available immunosupressants can prevent hyperacute and accelerating rejection of human hand allograft. The tissues heal and the early function recover similarly to those in autologous replantation.
Intracerebral injection of human mesenchymal stem cells impacts cerebral microvasculature after experimental stroke: MRI study

Stroke, the leading cause of disability, lacks treatment beyond thrombolysis. The acute injection of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) provides a benefit which could be mediated by an enhancement of angiogenesis. A clinical autologous graft requires an hMSC culture delay incompatible with an acute administration. This study evaluates the cerebral microvascular changes after a delayed injection of hMSCs. At day 8 after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), two groups of rats received an intracerebral injection in the damaged brain of either 10 μL of cell suspension medium (MCAo‐PBS, n = 4) or 4 × 105 hMSCs (MCAo‐hMSC, n = 5). Two control groups of healthy rats underwent the same injection procedures in the right hemisphere (control‐PBS, n = 6; control‐hMSC, n = 5). The effect of hMSCs on the microvasculature was assessed by MRI using three parameters: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), cerebral blood volume (CBV) and vessel size index (VSI). At day 9, eight additional rats were euthanised for a histological study of the microvascular parameters (CBV, VSI and vascular fraction). No ADC difference was observed between MCAo groups. One day after intracerebral injection, hMSCs abolished the CBV increase observed in the lesion (MCAo‐hMSC: 1.7 ± 0.1% versus MCAo‐PBS: 2.2 ± 0.2%) and delayed the VSI increase (vasodilation) secondary to cerebral ischaemia. Histological analysis at day 9 confirmed that hMSCs modified the microvascular parameters (CBV, VSI and vascular fraction) in the lesion. No ADC, CBV or VSI differences were observed between control groups. At the stroke post‐acute phase, hMSC intracerebral injection rapidly and transiently modifies the cerebral microvasculature. This microvascular effect can be monitored in vivo by MRI. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.