Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production of red‐flowered oilseed rape via the ectopic expression of Orychophragmus violaceus OvPAP2

Summary Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), which has yellow flowers, is both an important oil crop and a traditional tourism resource in China, whereas the Orychophragmus violaceus, which has purple flowers, likely possesses a candidate gene or genes to alter the flower colour of oilseed rape. A previously established B. napus line has a particular pair of O. violaceus chromosomes (M4) and exhibits slightly red petals. In this study, the transcriptomic analysis of M4, B. napus (H3), and O. violaceus with purple petals (OvP) and with white petals (OvW) revealed that most anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were up‐regulated in both M4 and OvP. Read assembly and sequence alignment identified a homolog of AtPAP2 in M4, which produced the O. violaceus transcript (OvPAP2). The overexpression of OvPAP2 via the CaMV35S promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana led to different levels of anthocyanin accumulation in most organs, including the petals. However, the B. napus overexpression plants showed anthocyanin accumulation primarily in the anthers, but not the petals. However, when OvPAP2 was driven by the petal‐specific promoter XY355, the transgenic B. napus plants produced red anthers and red petals. The results of metabolomic experiments showed that specific anthocyanins accumulated to high levels in the red petals. This study illustrates the feasibility of producing red‐flowered oilseed rape, thereby enhancing its ornamental value, via the ectopic expression of the OvPAP2 gene. Moreover, the practical application of this study for insect pest management in the crop is discussed.
Tailoring pores in graphene-based materials: from generation to applications

Combining the merits from both porous material and graphene, porous graphene-based materials have received significant attention due to their unique porous structures, large surface areas and prominent electrical conductivity. The access and tuning of both the in-plane pores of a monolayer graphene and the interlayer spacing (interlayered pores) of multilayered graphene-based materials offer additional selective mechanisms. These extraordinary properties enable porous graphene-based materials to serve as critical components in molecular separation, including water desalination, gas separation and bioseparation, and electrochemical energy storage, such as supercapacitors, lithium–O2/ion/sulfur batteries and fuel cells. The state-of-the-art pore-fabrication methods as well as the interlayered pores tuning approach for graphene-based materials are summarized. The insights between structures, properties and the broad applications of these materials are reviewed and discussed. The remaining challenges and future perspectives of porous graphene-based materials for wide implementations are provided.
Viral suppressors of RNAi employ a rapid screening mode to discriminate viral RNA from cellular small RNA

RNA interference (RNAi) is an indispensable mechanism for antiviral defense in insects, including mosquitoes that transmit human diseases. To es-cape this antiviral defense system, viruses encode suppressors of RNAi that prevent elimination of viral RNAs, and thus ensure efﬁcient virus accumula-tion. Although the ﬁrst animal Viral Suppressor of RNAi (VSR) was identiﬁed more than a decade ago, the molecular basis of RNAi suppression by these viral proteins remains unclear. Here, we developed a single-molecule ﬂuorescence assay to investigate how VSRs inhibit the recognition of viral RNAs by Dcr-2, a key endoribonuclease enzyme in the RNAi pathway. Using VSRs from three insect RNA viruses (Culex Y virus, Drosophila X virus and Drosophila C virus), we reveal bimodal physical interactions between RNA molecules and VSRs. During initial interactions, these VSRs rapidly discriminate short RNA substrates from long dsRNA. VSRs engage nearly irreversible binding with long dsRNAs, thereby shielding it from recognition by Dcr-2. We propose that the length-dependent switch from
Working conditions of bipolar radiofrequency on human articular cartilage repair following thermal injury during arthroscopy

Background The thermal injury during bipolar radiofrequercy results in chondrocyte death that limits cartilage repair. The purpose was to determine the effects of various factors of bipolar radiofrequency on human articular cartilage after thermal injury, offering suitable working conditions for bipolar radiofrequency during arthroscopy. Methods Osteochondral explants from 28 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in Department of Orthopaedic, Peking University Reople's Hospital from October 2013 to May 2014, were harvested and treated using bipolar radiofrequency in a light contact mode under the following conditions: various power setting of levels 2, 4 and 6; different durations of 2 seconds, 5 seconds and 10 seconds; irrigation with fluids of different temperatures of 4°C, 22°C, and 37°C; two different bipolar radiofrequency probes ArthroCare TriStar 50 and Paragon T2. The percentage of cell death and depth of cell death were quantified with laser confocal microscopy. The content of proteoglycan elution at different temperatures was determined by spectrophotometer at 530 nm. Results Chondrocyte mortality during the treatment time of 2 seconds and power setting of level 2 was significantly lower than that with long duration or in higher level groups (time: P=0.001; power: P=0.001). The percentage of cell death after thermal injury was gradually reduced by increasing the temperature of the irrigation solutions (P=0.003), the depth of dead chondrocytes in the 37°C solution group was significantly less than those in the 4°C and 22°C groups (P=0.001). The proteoglycan elution was also gradually reduced by increasing the temperature (P=0.004). Compared with the ArthroCare TriStar 50 group, the percentage of cell death in the Paragon T2 group was significantly decreased (P=0.046). Conclusions Thermal chondroplasty with bipolar radiofrequency resulted in defined margins of chondrocyte death under controlled conditions. The least cartilage damage during thermal chondroplasty could be achieved with lower power, shorter duration, suitable temperature of irrigation solutions and chondroprotective probes. The recommendations for the use of bipolar radiofrequency to minimize cartilage damage could be achieved with a power setting of level 2, treatment duration of 2 seconds, suitable fluid temperature (closer to body temperature of 37°C) and chondroprotective Paragon T2 probes.
Mothers' Management of Adolescent Peer Relationships: Associations With Aggressive, Prosocial, and Playful Behavior

ABSTRACT The authors examined the relation between adolescents' reports of mothers' management of peer relationships and adolescents' reports of their own aggressive, prosocial, and playful behaviors. The sample comprised 92 adolescents (M age = 15.41 years, SD = 1.81 years) enrolled in a residential summer camp. Higher levels of consulting were related to lower levels of adolescents' relational aggression, physical aggression, playful teasing, and rough-and-tumble play. Higher levels of consulting were related to higher levels of prosocial behavior. Higher levels of guiding were related to higher levels of adolescents' relational aggression and social inclusion. Higher levels of granting access to peers were related to higher levels of adolescents' prosocial behavior and social inclusion. Moderate levels of granting access to peers were related higher levels of playful teasing.
Dogmatism, Dogmatism Factors, and Liberalism-Conservatism

Dogmatism scores, dogmatism factor scores, and two indices of liberalism-conservatism were interrelated for 78 male students, 89 female students, 108 of their fathers, and 138 of their mothers. The six major dogmatism factors found in the literature were belief in one truth, belief in a cause, alienation, virtuous self-denial, self-proselytization, and authoritarianism; the content of the items measuring the factor usually called “alienation” suggests that it may instead measure “derogation of others. ” The two indices of liberalism-conservatism were scores on a questionnaire and preference in the 1972 presidential election; neither was related to dogmatism in any of the samples, but Nixon supporters had more conservative attitudes than McGovern supporters in all four samples. Both indices of liberalism-conservatism were related to belief in one truth among the students; among the parents only the questionnaire scores were, and less than among the students. This difference between the groups of parents and students suggests that attitudes toward social issues may be more normative among the parent groups, mote personal among the student groups. In all four samples, the six dogmatism factors tended to have low positive intercorrelations, and every factor correlated significantly with total dogmatism. Total scores on the 15 items measuring the six factors correlated approximately . 90 with total dogmatism in all four samples; these items may therefore be a theoretically meaningful brief dogmatism scale.
Controlling Polymer-Surface Interactions with Random Copolymer Brushes

A simple technique for precisely controlling the interfacial energies and wetting behavior of polymers in contact with solid surfaces is described. End-functionalized statistical random copolymers of styrene and methylmethacrylate were synthesized, with the styrene fraction f varying from 0 to 1, and were end-grafted onto silicon substrates to create random copolymer brushes about 5 nanometers thick. For f < 0.7, polystyrene (PS) films (20 nanometers thick) rapidly dewet from the brushes when heated well above the glass transition temperature. The contact angle of the resulting polymer droplets increased monotonically with decreasing f. Similar behavior was observed for poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) films but with an opposite dependence on f. The interfacial energies of the random copolymer brushes with PS and PMMA were equal when f was about 0.6. Thus, precise control of the relative surface affinities of PS and PMMA was possible, demonstrating a way to manipulate polymer-surface interactions.
Developing a Large-Scale Lexicon for a Less-Resourced Language: General Methodology and Preliminary Experiments on Sorani Kurdish

In this paper, we describe a general methodology for developing a large-scale lexicon for a less-resourced language, i.e., a language for which raw internet-based corpora and general-purpose grammars are virtually the only existing resources. We apply this methodology to the development of a morphological lexicon for Sorani Kurdish, an Iranian language mostly spoken in northern Iraq and north-western Iran. Although preliminary, our results demonstrate the relevance of this methodology
Statistical analysis of porosity of 17-4PH alloy processed by selective laser melting

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a powder-bed type Additive Manufacturing (AM) process, where parts are built layer-by-layer by laser melting of powder layers of metal. There are several SLM process parameters that affect the accuracy and quality of the metal parts produced by SLM. Therefore, it is essential to understand the effect of these parameters on the quality and properties of the parts built by this process. In this paper, using Taguchi design of experiments, the effect of four SLM process parameters namely laser power, defocus distance, layer thickness and build orientation are considered on the porosity of 17-4PH stainless steel parts built on ProX200 SLM direct metal printer. The porositywas found to be optimum at a defocus distance of -4mm and a laser power of 240 W with a layer thickness of 30 μm and using vertical build orientation.
Thermomechanical Response of Shape Memory Composites

A micromechanics method based on the Mori-Tanaka averaging scheme is used to predict the effective thermomechanical properties of composite materials reinforced by Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) fibers. Both elastic stiffness changes and transformation strains are taken into account in the constitutive modelling of the SMA fibers. Isothermal longitudinal and transverse stress input and stress-free thermal loading are imposed on the composite, and the composite transformation stress, the maximum transformation strain, and the hysteresis are computed. In con trast to a monolithic SMA, stress-free thermal loading of a shape memory composite is shown to produce transformation strains due to thermal stress induced phase transformation. Closed form solutions for the effective martensite and austenite start temperatures indicate that these temperatures are higher than those of the monolithic SMA material and they depend on the composite processing temperature.
Using Virtual Reality Technology to Support Job Aiding and Training

The aircraft inspection/maintenance system, which is influenced by based operators and regulated by the FAA, consists of several interrelated human and machine components. In this process, visual inspection plays a significant role in ensuring aircraft safety. To improve the quality and reliability of aircraft inspection, training and job aiding have been identified as the two most important intervention strategies. Both of these have the potential to be improved using new advances in computer technology, especially virtual reality (VR) technology, which is becoming increasingly more affordable and prevalent. As a result, this study will investigate the use of VR technology as a support of job aiding and training in the improvement of aircraft inspection performance.
Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer: Correlation to Bone Marrow Micrometastases, Heterogeneous Response to Systemic Therapy and Low Proliferative Activity

Purpose: The incidence and biological characteristics of circulating tumor cells in the blood of patients with breast cancer were examined and subgroups were evaluated in the context of systemic treatment and the presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. Experimental Design: Circulating tumor cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer using a gradient system designed for the enrichment of circulating tumor cells (OncoQuick). Circulating tumor cells were identified with the anti-cytokeratin antibody, A45-B/B3. In subsets of patients, expression of the proliferation-associated Ki-67 antigen in circulating tumor cells and the concomitant presence of micrometastases in bone marrow were examined. Results: In patients with primary breast cancer (stage M0), circulating tumor cells were detected in 5 of 60 patients (8.3%) after surgery and before initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy; a positive correlation to the presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow was observed (P = 0.030, n = 53). During the course of adjuvant chemotherapy, repeated analysis of 20 M0 patients revealed the occurrence of circulating tumor cells in 7 of 16 patients that were initially negative. Patients with metastatic disease (stage M1) showed circulating tumor cells in 25 of 63 cases (39.7%, P < 0.0001 as compared with M0 patients), and a positive finding was correlated with elevated concentrations of the serum tumor marker CA15.3 (P = 0.0093). Performing repeated analysis in a subgroup of 25 M1 patients, circulating tumor cells were found more frequently in patients with progressive disease than in patients with stable disease or remission (87.5% versus 43.8% of patients with circulating tumor cells, respectively; P = 0.047). Independent of the disease-stage, none of the 47 patients examined for the proliferative status of their circulating tumor cells showed coexpression of Ki-67. Conclusions: Circulating tumor cells seem to be nonproliferating cells that persist during chemotherapy. Circulating tumor cell detection is linked to disease progression and elevated tumor marker concentrations in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Comparison of a new procalcitonin assay from roche with the established method on the brahms kryptor.

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a 13-kDa peptide and a precursor of calcitonin. In a healthy population, PCT concentrations are negligible (1). In systemic bacterial and fungal infections, plasma concentrations are raised, whereas concentrations remain fairly low in infections of viral or nonspecific cause (2). Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of PCT as a parameter to guide antibiotic therapy in different groups of patients, i.e., patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease experiencing respiratory tract infections (3)(4). The most frequently used medical decision points at which the use of antibiotic therapy is considered are 0.25 μg/L and 0.50 μg/L, depending on the patient population (3)(4). The first PCT assays were based on manual immunochemistry methods (Brahms PCT LIA). These assays have been replaced by fully automated immunochemistry methods (Brahms Kryptor, Brahms LIAISON, Olympus SphereLight 180). Recently, the PCT assay has been modified for use on a consolidated routine immunochemistry analyzer family, the Roche Elecsys, cobas, and the Roche Modular E170 systems. We evaluated the analytical performance of this new assay by following the EP10 protocol, a …
Beamformer system model of focal plane arrays in deep dish radio telescopes

This article describes the design of a radio telescope front-end system with a focal plane array (FPA) and an RF beamforming section. The multi-beam capability of the FPA increases the field of view and the survey scanning speed of the telescope. The system performance is related to the different components and a model for the complexity is derived. We address the number of beams and elements per beam in relation to their impact on system complexity. Also, we demonstrate that in specific applications RF beamforming can be of advantage over digital beamforming systems. Experience is drawn from the technology demonstrator project PHAROS.
Distributed Navigation of Multi-Robot Systems For Sensing Coverage

This research investigates decentralized control of mobile robots specifically for coverage problems. There are different approaches associated with decentralized control strategy for coverage control problems. We perform a comparative review of these approaches and use the approach based on simple local coordination rules. We investigate this extensively used nearest neighbour rule based approach for developing coverage control algorithms. In this approach, a mobile robot gives an equal importance to every neighbour robot coming under its communication range. We develop our control approach by making some of the mobile robots playing a more influential role than other members in the team. The approach based on this control strategy becomes efficient in terms of achieving a consensus on control inputs, say heading angle, velocity, etc. The decentralized control of mobile robots can also exhibit a cyclic behaviour under some physical constraints like a quantized orientation of mobile robot. We further investigate the cyclic behaviour appearing due to the quantized control of mobile robots under some conditions. Our nearest neighbour rule based approach offers a biased strategy in case of cyclic behaviour appearing in the team of mobile robots. We consider a clustering technique inside the team of mobile robots. Our decentralized control strategy calculates the similarity measure among the neighbours of a mobile robot. The team of mobile robots with the similarity measure based approach becomes efficient in achieving a fast consensus like on heading angle or velocity. We perform a rigorous mathematical analysis of our developed approach. We also develop a condition based on relaxed criteria for achieving consensus on velocity or heading angle of the mobile robots. Our validation approach is based on mathematical arguments and extensive computer simulations.
Self-Focus and Cardiovascular Effects of Stressor Anticipation and Active Coping: The Moderating Influence of Trait Social Anxiety

Results: The moderating influence of social anxiety was found to vary with type of demand. During passive stressor anticipation, self-focus augmented distress-related vascular reactivity in high but not in low socially anxious individuals. During speech preparation selffocus was found to facilitate task engagement and cardiac reactivity in low socially anxious individuals, whereas high anxious showed some withdrawal. Greater self-awareness during speech performance elicited cardiac increases in both social anxiety groups. However, among high anxious individuals this sustained engagement was accompanied by increased negative affect and negative self-evaluations.
The Impact of Relative Poverty on Norwegian Adolescents’ Subjective Health: A Causal Analysis with Propensity Score Matching

Studies have revealed that relative poverty is associated with ill health, but the interpretations of this correlation vary. This article asks whether relative poverty among Norwegian adolescents is causally related to poor subjective health, i.e., self-reported somatic and mental symptoms. Data consist of interview responses from a sample of adolescents (N = 510) and their parents, combined with register data on the family’s economic situation. Relatively poor adolescents had significantly worse subjective health than non-poor adolescents. Relatively poor adolescents also experienced many other social disadvantages, such as parental unemployment and parental ill health. Comparisons between the relatively poor and the non-poor adolescents, using propensity score matching, indicated a negative impact of relative poverty on the subjective health among those adolescents who lived in families with relatively few economic resources. The results suggest that there is a causal component in the association between relative poverty and the symptom burden of disadvantaged adolescents. Relative poverty is only one of many determinants of adolescents’ subjective health, but its role should be acknowledged when policies for promoting adolescent health are designed.
Iterative Transformation of Annotation Guidelines for Constituency Parsing

This paper presents an effective algorithm of annotation adaptation for constituency treebanks, which transforms a treebank from one annotation guideline to another with an iterative optimization procedure, thus to build a much larger treebank to train an enhanced parser without increasing model complexity. Experiments show that the transformed Tsinghua Chinese Treebank as additional training data brings significant improvement over the baseline trained on Penn Chinese Treebank only.
Tracking trajectory of heterogenous multi-agent systems with disturbance observer based control

In this paper, the multi-agent systems are composed of two class different agents, one parts are supposed to moving on the double integrator dynamics, the other parts are driven by the single integrator dynamics. By applying the disturbance observer based control (DOBC), sufficient consensus criteria of the heterogenous multi-agent systems with exogenous disturbances are presented for with fixed topologies and switching topologies. A pinning control strategy is designed for a part of agents of the systems, and this pinning control can bring the states of multi-agent systems to an expected consensus track. Finally, the consensus of multi-agent systems with exogenous disturbances is verified by an example of four multi-agent systems.