Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strong Inconsistency in Nonmonotonic Reasoning

Minimal inconsistent subsets of knowledge bases play an important role in classical logics, most notably for repair and inconsistency measurement. It turns out that for nonmonotonic reasoning a stronger notion is needed. In this paper we develop such a notion, called strong inconsistency . We show that—in an arbitrary logic, monotonic or not—minimal strongly inconsistent subsets play the same role as minimal inconsistent subsets in classical reasoning. In particular, we show that the well-known classical duality between hitting sets of minimal inconsistent subsets and maximal consistent subsets generalises to arbitrary logics if the strong notion of inconsistency is used. We investigate the complexity of various related reasoning problems and present a generic algorithm for computing minimal strongly inconsistent subsets of a knowledge base. We also demonstrate the potential of our new notion for applications, focusing on repair and inconsistency measurement.
Suicidal behavior and violence in male adolescents: a school-based study.

OBJECTIVE To investigate characteristics of suicidal and violent behavior in a community school sample of adolescents. METHOD Self-report questionnaires were administered to 794 male students (aged 12-18 years) from Antwerp, Belgium. Subjects were classified into four groups: a suicidal-only (n = 40; suicidal ideation and/or self-harming behavior), a violent-only (n = 142), a suicidal-violent (n = 21), and a control group (n = 591). RESULTS Compared with controls, higher levels of internalizing problems, risk-taking behavior (substance use, diminished perception of risk, sensation seeking), and aggression were found in the comparison groups. The suicidal-violent group had the highest levels of depression, somatization, overt and covert aggression, and risk-taking behavior. Compared with the suicidal-only group, the violent-only group had less depression, anxiety, and covert aggression, but higher levels of overt aggression, sensation seeking, diminished perception of risk, and marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS Although adolescent suicidal and violent behavior are both related to internalizing problems, aggression, and risk-taking behavior, marked differences in severity and nature exist in these relationships. Differentiation of suicidal youths based on the presence or absence of violent behavior may add to our understanding of suicidal phenomena and may thus have important clinical consequences.
Targeted optical fluorescence imaging of human ovarian adenocarcinoma using a galactosyl serum albumin‐conjugated fluorophore

Achieving maximal cytoreduction during surgery is a critical prognostic factor for women with advanced‐stage ovarian cancer. Targeting optical imaging agents directly to ovarian cancer cells by attaching them to galactosyl (galactosamine‐conjugated) serum albumin, whose sugar residues bind surface lectins that are expressed in certain ovarian adenocarcinomas, may improve metastatic tumor identification and resection. Thus, we sought to demonstrate that galactosyl serum albumin‐conjugated fluorophores would be a robust mechanism through which to target ovarian cancer by evaluating its tumor‐targeting capability in nine human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines. The optical fluorophore rhodamine green was conjugated to galactosyl serum albumin, a non‐immunogenic targeting molecule. Galactosyl serum albumin–rhodamine green's ability to target nine human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines was evaluated by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and in vivo optical fluorescence imaging using female athymic nu/nu mice. All nine cell lines tested bound galactosyl serum albumin–rhodamine green more effectively than non‐glycosylated controls (P < 0.0001). Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that galactosyl serum albumin–rhodamine green was internalized into each cell line in a galactosamine‐dependent manner. In vivo optical fluorescence images of intraperitoneal tumor‐bearing mice acquired 3 h after intraperitoneal injection of galactosyl serum albumin–rhodamine green successfully differentiated between tumor and normal tissue. This technique also allowed the visualization of submillimeter‐sized ovarian tumor implants. These results indicate that galactosyl serum albumin–rhodamine green can selectively target a variety of human ovarian adenocarcinomas for optical fluorescence imaging and thus may improve intraoperative tumor detection and resection. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 1727–1733)
Embedded Statism and the Social Sciences 2: Geographies (and Metageographies) in Globalization

This paper was stimulated by the ability of David Held and his colleagues to produce a rigorous and coherent treatment of globalization from a conventional social science position. Their geographical-scale approach to globalization is contrasted with Bauman's emphasis on the space of flows. Four arguments are sustained. First, to produce a viable social science treatment of globalization the academic pecking order has to be reversed: political science dominates the analysis. Second, an emphasis on geographical scale promotes a comparative ‘historical globalizations’ approach which, combined with the politics, leads to the omission of the 1970s global watershed when a century of reducing economic polarization was reversed. Third, the problems of studying flows are rehearsed and it is emphasized that networks need to be studied in the whole; you are not studying flows unless you have both origins and destinations. Fourth, the embedded statism is recast as a problem of metageography, a states metageography exists which has no rivals; a possible alternative metageography, the world-city network, is briefly introduced.
A phonetic vocoder for finnish

A phonetic vocoding system for Finnish is described. This very low bit rate speech coding method is a subclass of segmental vocoding. The proposed system utilizes speech recognition based on a HMM system to phonetically segment and label the input speech. The fundamental frequency is estimated using a robust pitch tracking algorithm. Speech reconstruction is carried out with a conventional LPC speech synthesis algorithm. This approach makes possible a higher-level description of the speech than usually obtained in coders, thus enabling e.g. speaker transformation relatively easily. The coder has a high computational complexity and requires a delay of several hundreds of milliseconds, but the obtainable bit rate is under 500 bits/s. The speech intelligibility of the current implementation is high but the overall speech quality is relatively poor.
RETHINKING GESTALT INFLUENCES ON MELODIC EXPECTANCY

The implication-realisation model of melodic expectancy (Narmour, 1990) posits two independent cognitive systems: one which reflects the top-down influences of acquired stylistic knowledge; and another which consists of innate melodic schemata based on the Gestalt principles. While there exists empirical support for both aspects of the model, the results presented here question the need to invoke innate representations to account for observed patterns of melodic expectancy. Gestalt-like patterns of expectancy can be accounted for largely in terms of the induction of statistical regularities in existing repertoires of music.
City festivals and urban development: does place matter?

After 30 years in the Dutch city of The Hague, the North Sea Jazz Festival (NSJF) has left its birthplace, prompted by the partial demolition of its venue. Although the current organizer of this premier international jazz festival, Mojo Concerts, would have preferred to relocate it within the city, the local government was unable to retain it. The move to Rotterdam in 2006 illustrates the process whereby cities actively compete for festivals. This paper examines the place dependency of a jazz festival by juxtaposing the perspectives of key actors: the local government of the two host cities, The Hague and Rotterdam; the festival organizer Mojo Concerts; and the visitors to the NSJF. The relocation is explained in light of the motives of the stakeholders and the perception of the audience, as gleaned from in-depth interviews and a large-scale survey held before and after the move. The interviews indicate that local governments regard festivals as important urban showcases, although the survey reveals that .
The Measurement of Work to Family Conflict

Although research on work-family conflict has grown, empirical investigations have frequently been a theoretical and lacking in measurement rigor. The objective of this study was to develop a conceptually and methodologically sound measure of work to family conflict (W -* FC). Data were collected from three independent sources, and both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, which supported a theoretically grounded measure of W -e FC. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a three-factor model, including time-, strain-, and behavior-based dimensions of W -> FC, was superior to both a two-factor and a single-factor (null) model.
Title: Individuals with Cerebellar Degeneration Show Similar Adaptation Deficits with Large and Small 1 Visuomotor Errors. 2 3 4 5

31 32 The cerebellum has long been recognized to play an important role in motor adaptation. Individuals 33 with cerebellar ataxia exhibit impaired learning in visuomotor adaptation tasks such as prism 34 adaptation and force field learning. Both types of tasks involve the adjustment of an internal model in 35 order to compensate for an external perturbation. This updating process is error-driven, with the error 36 signal based on the difference between anticipated and actual sensory information. This process may 37 entail a credit assignment problem, with a distinction made between error arising from faulty 38 representation of the environment and error arising from noise in the controller. We hypothesized that 39 people with ataxia may perform poorly at visuomotor adaptation because they attribute a greater 40 proportion of their error to their motor control difficulties. We tested this hypothesis using a 41 computational model based on a Kalman filter. We imposed a 20-degree visuomotor rotation in either a 42 single large step or in a series of smaller 5-degree steps. The ataxic group exhibited a comparable 43 deficit in both conditions. The computational analyses indicate that the patients’ deficit cannot be 44 accounted for simply by their increased motor variability. Rather, the patients’ deficit in learning may 45 be related to difficulty in estimating the instability in the environment or variability in their motor 46 system. 47 48
Identification of a second Listeria secA gene associated with protein secretion and the rough phenotype

We describe the identification and characterization of a second secA gene in Listeria monocytogenes. This gene, termed secA2, is involved in smooth–rough phenotypic variation and secA2 expression contributes to bacterial virulence. Spontaneous rough (R‐) variants of L. monocytogenes grow in chains and form rough colonies on solid media. A subset of R‐variants, classified here as type I, also shows reduced secretion of an autolysin, p60. We find that disruptions and in frame deletions in secA2 confer phenotypes identical to those of spontaneous type I R‐variants. Additionally, the secA2 genes from two spontaneous type I R‐variants encoded truncated SecA2 proteins. Mutations were not found in the secA2 genes from the remaining five independent R‐variants, four of which showed a distinct (type II) rough morphology and secreted wild‐type levels of p60. Expression of an epitope‐tagged SecA2 in the ΔsecA2 strain and a spontaneous R‐variant restored normal cell septation and smooth colony morphology. These data suggest that mutations in both secA2 and other genes contribute to smooth–rough phase variation in L. monocytogenes. Expression of the full‐length SecA2 also promotes secretion of p60 and a set of additional L. monocytogenes proteins. We hypothesize that SecA2‐dependent protein secretion plays a role in the colonization of environmental and host surfaces.
Standard maximum isometric voluntary contraction tests for normalizing shoulder muscle EMG

A comparison of electromyographic (EMG) activity of muscles between and within subjects, and during separate occasions of testing, requires normalization. The most common way for generating the reference level used for normalizing shoulder EMG data is with a maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MVIC). The purpose of this study was to develop a parsimonious set of standardized tests that generate an MVIC in all the major muscle groups of the shoulder. Twelve muscles of the dominant shoulder of 15 subjects were examined using a combination of surface and intramuscular electrodes during 15 tests. The results indicated that many tests maximally activated more than one muscle simultaneously. Four tests were identified as being sufficient for generating an MVIC in the 12 muscles examined and are recommended as the standard set for normalizing shoulder muscle EMG: abduction 90° with internal rotation (“empty can”), internal rotation in 90° abduction (“internal rotation 90°”), flexion at 125° with scapula resistance (“flexion 125°”), and horizontal adduction at 90° flexion (“palm press”). The use of these shoulder normalization tests will make comparisons between shoulder EMG studies more reliable. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
The Relationship Between Principal Turnover and Student Achievement in Reading/English Language Arts and Math Grades Six Through Eight

This study examined the relationship between principal turnover rate, percentage of minority students, percentage of students with disabilities, and percentage of students who are economically disadvantaged and student achievement in reading/English language arts and math measured by Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) on the Georgia Criterion Referenced Competency Test (CRCT). Eighty-six public middle schools (grades 6-8) comprised the sample for the study; all of these schools were located in Region 1 on the Georgia Department of Education (GaDOE) School Improvement Map. Data was collected from (AYP) reports publicly accessed on the Georgia Department of Education website. CRCT pass percentages were used to determine student achievement in the areas of math and reading/English language arts. Data was collected on the frequency of principal turnover by email and phone calls to all 86 schools. Data were statistically analyzed through multiple regression. The results showed that principal turnover rates are weakly correlated with student achievement in math and reading/English language arts. However, minority rate, students with disabilities rate and economically disadvantaged rate were significant predictors of reading/English language arts achievement. Additionally, minority rate and economically disadvantaged rate were significant predictors of math achievement. Descriptors: principal turnover, student achievement, multiple regression.
Towards Efficient and Secured Real-Time Pricing in the Smart Grid

In this paper, we investigate a novel real-time pricing scheme, which considers both renewable energy resources and traditional power resources, and can effectively guide the participants to achieve individual welfare maximization. Particularly, we develop a Lagrangian- based approach that transforms the global optimization conducted by the power company to distributed optimization problems. We show that these distributed problems are consistent with individual welfare maximization problems for end-users and traditional power plants. We also investigate vulnerabilities of the real-time pricing scheme by considering two types of data integrity attacks, i.e., injecting false data into demand-users and injecting false data into supply- users. Through a combination of theoretical analysis and performance evaluation, our data shows that the proposed real-time pricing scheme can effectively guide the participants to achieve welfare maximization. Our data also shows that data integrity attacks can effectively disrupt the results of real-time pricing decisions, posing welfare reduction on participants.
Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work

This study began with the premise that people can use varying degrees of their selves, physically, cognitively, and emotionally, in work role performances, which has implications for both their work and experiences. Two qualitative, theory-generating studies of summer camp counselors and members of an architecture firm were conducted to explore the conditions at work in which people personally engage, or express and employ their personal selves, and disengage, or withdraw and defend their personal selves. This article describes and illustrates three psychological conditions—meaningfulness, safety, and availability— and their individual and contextual sources. These psychological conditions are linked to existing theoretical concepts, and directions for future research are described.
Multi-organ segmentation by minimization of higher-order energy for CT boundary

In medical image analysis, segmentation of medical images such as Computed Tomography (CT) volumetric images is necessary for further medical image analysis and computer aided intervention. We propose a method for medical image segmentation by higher-order energy minimization. Specifically, we introduce a higher-order term that describes the continuity around the edge points of a CT image. The parameters of the energy terms are determined according to various conditional probabilities learned from sample data with the ground truth. Then we minimize the energy using graph cuts and evaluate the effectiveness of the introduction of the term into the traditional energy.
Nucleic Acids Research

Selected groups of isolated 14C-labelled proteins from E. coli 30S ribosomal subunits were reconstituted with 32P-labelled 16S RNA, and the reconstituted complexes were partially digested with ribonuclease A. RNA fragments protected by the proteins were separated by gel electrophoresis and subjected to sequence analysis. Complexes containing proteins S7 and S19 protected an RNA region comprising helices 29 to 32, part of helix 41, and helices 42 and 43 of the 16S RNA secondary structure. Addition of protein S9 had no effect. When compared with previous data for proteins S7, S9, S14 and S19, these results suggest that S14 interacts with helix 33, and that S9 and S14 together interact with the loop-end of helix 41. Complexes containing proteins S8, S15 and S17 protected helices 7 to 10 as well as the "S8-S15 binding site" (helices 20, 22 and parts of helices 21 and 23). When protein S15 was omitted, S8 and S18 showed protection of part of helix 44 in addition to the latter regions. The results are discussed in terms of our model for the detailed arrangement of proteins and RNA in the 30S subunit.
Quality Standards, Service Orientation, and Power in Airbnb and Couchsurfing

Although Couchsurfing and Airbnb are both online communities that help users host strangers in their homes, they differ in an important sense: Couchsurfing prohibits monetary payment while Airbnb is built around it.We conducted interviews with users experienced on both Couchsurfing and Airbnb ("dual-users") to better understand systemic differences between the platforms. Based on these interviews we propose that, compared to Couchsurfing, Airbnb: (1) appears to require higher quality services, (2) places more emphasis on places over people, and (3) shifts social power from hosts to guests. Using public profiles from both platforms, we present analyses exploring each theme. Finally, we present evidence showing that Airbnb's growth has coincided with a decline in Couchsurfing. Taken together, our findings paint a complex picture of the changing character of network hospitality.
Towards more effective community participation in urban regeneration: the potential of collaborative planning and applied ethnography

Community participation has become the new orthodoxy within urban regeneration policy in the UK. Yet, it remains a perennial problem for policymakers, especially at the neighbourhood level. A major reason for this, it is argued, is that policymakers often set up local partnerships with insufficient knowledge of the ‘culture’ (i.e. structure, processes, practices, relations and agents) of the neighbourhoods and communities they seek to regenerate and involve in decision-making. Furthermore, policymakers also lack a critically reflective understanding of their own cultural practices. It is argued that collaborative planning theory and applied ethnography offer policymakers a way forward in realising more effective community participation. Collaborative planning and applied ethnography provide a governance and methodological framework that have the potential to promote inclusionary argumentation and consensus building, and give partnership stakeholders an opportunity to become more aware and critically reflective of their cultural relations, practices and processes, thus paving the way forward for more effective community participation.
Robust video fingerprinting for content-based video identification

Video fingerprints are feature vectors that uniquely characterize one video clip from another. The goal of video fingerprinting is to identify a given video query in a database (DB) by measuring the distance between the query fingerprint and the fingerprints in the DB. The performance of a video fingerprinting system, which is usually measured in terms of pairwise independence and robustness, is directly related to the fingerprint that the system uses. In this paper, a novel video fingerprinting method based on the centroid of gradient orientations is proposed. The centroid of gradient orientations is chosen due to its pairwise independence and robustness against common video processing steps that include lossy compression, resizing, frame rate change, etc. A threshold used to reliably determine a fingerprint match is theoretically derived by modeling the proposed fingerprint as a stationary ergodic process, and the validity of the model is experimentally verified. The performance of the proposed fingerprint is experimentally evaluated and compared with that of other widely-used features. The experimental results show that the proposed fingerprint outperforms the considered features in the context of video fingerprinting.
Towards a hybrid approach of Primitive Cognitive Network Process and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering for music recommendation

Clustering algorithms have been used in many real world applications including recommendation systems. This paper proposes PCNP-AHC, which is a hybrid approach of Primitive Cognitive Network Process (PCNP) and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) to cluster music pieces on the basis of user's preferences and similarities between music pieces. PCNP is an ideal alternative of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to quantify weights of attributes which are used in clustering process. The application of PCNP-AHC for music recommendation is demonstrated.
Maximum Discrimination Hidden Markov Models of Sequence Consensus

We introduce a maximum discrimination method for building hidden Markov models (HMMs) of protein or nucleic acid primary sequence consensus. The method compensates for biased representation in sequence data sets, superseding the need for sequence weighting methods. Maximum discrimination HMMs are more sensitive for detecting distant sequence homologs than various other HMM methods or BLAST when tested on globin and protein kinase catalytic domain sequences.