Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Wideband Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave Applications

In this paper, a compact wideband planar array based on magneto-electric (ME) dipole structure is presented for wideband millimeter wave application. A wideband ME-dipole antenna element with a coaxial probe and H-shaped coupling slot as feeding structure is designed first. Then, a $4\times 4$ antenna array prototype fed by a wideband microstrip line feed network is fabricated and measured for experimental validation. The measured results show that the array has an impedance bandwidth of 64.08%, covering the frequency range from 19.43 to 37.75 GHz and a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 54.2% from 19.5 to 34 GHz, and the peak gain can reach to 15.76 dBi. The proposed design has great prospects for application in millimeter wave wireless applications.
Nonlinear relationship between mycophenolate mofetil dose and mycophenolic acid exposure: implications for therapeutic drug monitoring.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressive drug used in renal transplant patients. Upon oral administration it is hydrolyzed to the active agent mycophenolic acid (MPA). In renal transplant recipients, MMF therapy is optimal when the area under the curve of MPA is 30 to 60 mg·h/L. When MMF doses are adjusted, a linear relationship between dose and MPA exposure is assumed. In this study, the linearity of MMF pharmacokinetics was investigated. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS MPA concentration-time profiles from renal transplant recipients cotreated with cyclosporine (n = 140) or tacrolimus (n = 101) were analyzed retrospectively using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. The correlation between the MMF dose and the pharmacokinetics parameters was evaluated. RESULTS In the developed population pharmacokinetics model MPA clearance and the central volume of distribution were correlated with cyclosporine coadministration and time posttransplantation. The pharmacokinetics of MPA were not linear. Bioavailability decreased with increasing MMF doses. Compared with an MMF dose of 1000 mg (=100%), relative bioavailability was 123%, 111%, 94%, and 90% in patients receiving MMF doses of 250, 500, 1500, and 2000 mg in combination with cyclosporine (P < 0.001); respective values in tacrolimus-cotreated patients were 176%, 133%, 85%, and 76% (P < 0.001). Because of the decreasing relative bioavailability, MPA exposure will increase less than proportionally with increasing MMF doses. CONCLUSIONS MMF exhibits nonlinear pharmacokinetics. This should be taken into account when performing therapeutic drug monitoring.
A quantitative theory of the functions of the hippocampal CA3 network in memory

A quantitative computational theory of the operation of the hippocampal CA3 system as an autoassociation or attractor network used in episodic memory system is described. In this theory, the CA3 system operates as a single attractor or autoassociation network to enable rapid, one-trial, associations between any spatial location (place in rodents, or spatial view in primates) and an object or reward, and to provide for completion of the whole memory during recall from any part. The theory is extended to associations between time and object or reward to implement temporal order memory, also important in episodic memory. The dentate gyrus (DG) performs pattern separation by competitive learning to produce sparse representations suitable for setting up new representations in CA3 during learning, producing for example neurons with place-like fields from entorhinal cortex grid cells. The dentate granule cells produce by the very small number of mossy fiber (MF) connections to CA3 a randomizing pattern separation effect important during learning but not recall that separates out the patterns represented by CA3 firing to be very different from each other, which is optimal for an unstructured episodic memory system in which each memory must be kept distinct from other memories. The direct perforant path (pp) input to CA3 is quantitatively appropriate to provide the cue for recall in CA3, but not for learning. Tests of the theory including hippocampal subregion analyses and hippocampal NMDA receptor knockouts are described, and support the theory.
Comparing cursor orientations for mouse, pointer, and pen interaction

Most graphical user interfaces provide visual cursors to facilitate interaction with input devices such as mice, pointers, and pens. These cursors often include directional cues that could influence the stimulus-response compatibility of user input. We conducted a controlled evaluation of four cursor orientations and an orientation-neutral cursor in a circular menu selection task. Mouse interaction on a desktop, pointer (i.e. wand) interaction on a large screen, and pen interaction on a Tablet PC were evaluated. Our results suggest that choosing appropriate cursors is especially important for pointer interaction, but may be less important for mice or pens. Cursors oriented toward the lower-right corner of a display yielded the poorest performance overall while orientation-neutral cursors were generally the best. Advantages were found for orientations aligned with the direction of movement. We discuss these results and suggest guidelines for the appropriate use of cursors in various input and display configurations.
Beyond No Free Lunch: Realistic algorithms for arbitrary problem classes

In this paper we present a simple and general new No Free Lunch-like result that applies to revisiting algorithms searching arbitrary problem sets. We begin by unifying the assumptions of closure under permutation and non-revisiting algorithms. We then propose a new approach to reasoning about search algorithm performance, treating search algorithms as stochastic processes and thereby admitting revisiting; for this approach we need only make a simple assumption that search algorithms are applied for optimisation (i.e. maximisation or minimisation), rather than considering arbitrary performance measures. As a consequence of a proof that non-revisiting enumeration has the best possible expected performance for arbitrary distributions over arbitrary problem sets, this allows us to show that better than enumeration performance by some algorithm on some problem set predicts nothing about performance on a second problem set when nothing is known about the relation between the two. Finally we note that enumeration typically has excellent time and space complexities. Our approach is both simple and powerful; our new No Free Lunch-like result is stronger than the originals both in its predictions and, apart from not applying to arbitrary performance measures but only to those reflecting the typical goal of search, weaker than the originals in its assumptions. It is also directly relevant to research into real-world search algorithms.
Response Rates and Couple Type in the U.S. Army Family Research Program Survey: A Research Note

Data from 7,792 marred soldiers who participated in the 1989 Army Family Research Program survey were analyzed for the effects of age, rank, racial background, geographic location, gender, separation from spouse, marital stability, number of children, dual military status, and satisfaction with the Army on spouses' response rates. All factors were significant except age and number of children. Overall, the most important factor was rank, with 58% of the spouses of officers responding compared to only 35% of the spouses of enlisted personnel. Spouses who were civilians, females, living with their soldiers in the United States, whose marriages were stable and who were married to white soldiers or officers were more likely to have responded to the spouses' survey. While the average response rate for spouses was 42.1%, it was nearly 68% among the civilian female spouses living together in the United States in stable marriages with officers who were very satisfied with Army life (n = 367). In contrast, response rates were only 20% among the dual military husbands of female enlisted wives (n = 364).
A CAUSAL MODEL OF RADIATING STELLAR COLLAPSE

We find a simple exact model of radiating stellar collapse, with a shear-free and non-accelerating interior matched to a Vaidya exterior. The heat flux is subject to causal thermodynamics, leading to self-consistent determination of the temperature T. We solve for T exactly when the mean collision time is constant, and perturbatively in a more realistic case of variable . Causal thermodynamics predicts temperature behaviour that can differ significantly from the predictions of non-causal theory. In particular, the causal theory gives a higher central temperature and greater temperature gradient.
Identifying Critical Dependencies Using General Bayesian Network: An Application to Aviation Operation

This paper proposes the general Bayesian network as a tool for identifying critical dependencies among complex human beliefs, especially for the case of airline service industry. When we consider an overall efficacy of the flight operation, to understand underlying beliefs between pilots and controllers is critical. However, even for the experts in organizational behavior, it is difficult to identify dependencies among such the beliefs. To tackle this ambiguous issue, we suggest the use of the general Bayesian network to automatically generate interesting hypotheses. The experimental results reveal the possibility of selective attention to the critical dependencies for achieving enhanced efficacy
Pharmacotherapy in the management of obesity.

To the Editor. —In the article on pharmacotherapy for treatment of obesity, 1 the National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity concluded, "short-term (weeks or months) treatment of obesity with drugs is generally not warranted.Until more data are available, pharmacotherapy cannot be recommended for routine use in obese individuals. " This conclusion extends previous determinations that diet pills are useless and only add to the problem. 2-4 The bottom line is what have diet pills produced other than hundreds of millions of dollars of sales and hundreds of thousands of adverse events a year? Dexfenfluramine hydrochloride (Redux) now generates about 90 000 prescriptions a week; the combination of phentermine and fenfluramine (phen/fen), which is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration, about 60 000 per week. 5 Newly disturbing is that diet-pill marketers have generated patient advocacy groups arguing genetic explanations of brain chemical disturbances. But since
FOREST TYPES CLASSIFICATION USING ETM + DATA IN THE NORTH OF IRAN / COMPARISON OF OBJECT-ORIENTED WITH PIXEL-BASED CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUES

Different classification methods have been used for classification of satellite data by researchers. Addition to current classification, pixel-based methods, developments in segmentation and object oriented techniques offer the suitable analyses to classify satellite data. To compare the pixel-based with object-oriented classification approaches to extract forest types, a case study in a small area have been accomplished in the northern forests of Iran. The ETM+ data and some processed bands, which extracted by suitable processing analyses, were used due to high spectral resolution. Pre-processing of data was done for geometric correction of images and corresponding to ground truth map. The best suitable data sets have been chosen by seperability indexes. In the pixel-based classification approach, the maximum likelihood classifier classified images of data set. In the object-oriented approach, images were segmented to homogenous area as forest types by suitable parameters in some level. Classification of segments was done trough three classification methods of nearest neighbor, membership function and combination of both methods. A sample ground truth map of forest type did the accuracy assessment of the results. It was generated trough sampling method by 193 plots of one hectare. The accuracy assessment of the results showed that the object-oriented classification approach could improve considerably the results in compare to pixel based classification approach (19%). However, increasing of kappa coefficient from 25.5 % in the pixel based classification to 44.4 % in the object-oriented approach shows capability of multiresolution segmentation of data, which provide other useful attributes for classification in addition to spectral information (or overall accuracy from 44 % to 61%). The results of study indicate that integration of nearest neighbor with membership function technique can improve the results more than the both techniques individually. More researches to survey on these classification techniques will be necessary in future.
Wound healing revised: A novel reepithelialization mechanism revealed by in vitro and in silico models

Wound healing is a complex process in which a tissue's individual cells have to be orchestrated in an efficient and robust way. We integrated multiplex protein analysis, immunohistochemical analysis, and whole-slide imaging into a novel medium-throughput platform for quantitatively capturing proliferation, differentiation, and migration in large numbers of organotypic skin cultures comprising epidermis and dermis. Using fluorescent time-lag staining, we were able to infer source and final destination of keratinocytes in the healing epidermis. This resulted in a novel extending shield reepithelialization mechanism, which we confirmed by computational multicellular modeling and perturbation of tongue extension. This work provides a consistent experimental and theoretical model for epidermal wound closure in 3D, negating the previously proposed concepts of epidermal tongue extension and highlighting the so far underestimated role of the surrounding tissue. Based on our findings, epidermal wound closure is a process in which cell behavior is orchestrated by a higher level of tissue control that 2D monolayer assays are not able to capture.
A Toolkit for Generating Scalable Stochastic Multiobjective Test Problems

Real-world optimization problems typically include uncertainties over various aspects of the problem formulation. Some existing algorithms are designed to cope with stochastic multiobjective optimization problems, but in order to benchmark them, a proper framework still needs to be established. This paper presents a novel toolkit that generates scalable, stochastic, multiobjective optimization problems. A stochastic problem is generated by transforming the objective vectors of a given deterministic test problem into random vectors. All random objective vectors are bounded by the feasible objective space, defined by the deterministic problem. Therefore, the global solution for the deterministic problem can also serve as a reference for the stochastic problem. A simple parametric distribution for the random objective vector is defined in a radial coordinate system, allowing for direct control over the dual challenges of convergence towards the true Pareto front and diversity across the front. An example for a stochastic test problem, generated by the toolkit, is provided.
USING SUBSET SIMULATION TO QUANTIFY STAKEHOLDER CONTRIBUTION TO RUNWAY OVERRUN

This paper studies the use of sensitivities to quantify the extent to which individual airline departments (stakeholders) contribute to the incident of runway overrun. For that purpose, we present a model of the incident runway overrun. The incident model is based on the dynamics of aircraft and describes the functional relationship between contributing factors leading to the incident. The incident model also takes operational dependencies into account. Model input are the probability distributions of the contributing factors, which are obtained by fitting distributions to data of a fictive airline. By propagating the probability distributions through our incident model, we are able to make statistical valid statements of the occurrence probability of the incident itself. Therefore, we use the subset simulation method. By estimating the design point using the samples of the subset simulation we obtain the sensitivities by applying the First-Order Reliability method. The sensitivities are used to quantify stakeholder contribution to the incident runway overrun by allocating the various stakeholders to the contributing factors.
The Rab4 effector Rabip4 plays a role in the endocytotic trafficking of Glut 4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Insulin regulates glucose uptake in the adipocytes by modulating Glut 4 localization, a traffic pathway involving the endocytic small GTPases Rab4, Rab5, and RabThe expression of the Rab4 effector Rabip4 leads to a 30% increase in glucose uptake and Glut 4 translocation in the presence of insulin, without modifications in the basal condition. This effect was not due to modifications of Glut 4 expression or insulin signaling, suggesting that Rabip4 controls Glut 4 trafficking. We present evidence that Rabip4 defines a subdomain of early endosomes and that Rabip4 is redistributed to the plasma membrane by insulin. Rabip4 is mostly absent from structures positive for early endosome antigen 1, Rab11 or transferrin receptors and from Glut 4 sequestration compartments. However, Rabip4 vesicles can be reached by internalized transferrin and Glut 4. Thus, Rabip4 probably defines an endocytic sorting platform for Glut 4 towards its sequestration pool. The expression of a form of Rabip4 unable to bind Rab4 does not modify basal and insulin-induced glucose transport. However, it induces an increase in the amount of Glut 4 at the plasma membrane and perturbs Glut 4 traffic from endosomes towards its sequestration compartments. These observations suggest that the uncoupling between Rabip4 and Rab4 induces the insertion of Glut 4 molecules that are unable to transport glucose into the plasma membrane.
Research on Proactive Diagnosis and Early Warning Method for Monitoring Thermal Runaway Products of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery in Energy Storage Power Station

In order to study the thermal runaway characteristics of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries used in energy storage stations, realize the reliable judgment of runaway condition, and avoid the fire of battery storage system due to thermal runaway of battery overcharging, this paper carries out the research of micro-particle and characteristic gas fusion detection technology by simulating the thermal runaway process of LFP batteries; at the same time, combining with the active sampling, safety threshold analysis, and Battery Management System (BMS) monitoring to carry out the joint analysis of big data and propose a battery body thermal runaway warning and external safety hidden danger diagnosis, and demonstrate its effectiveness. At the same time, combined with active sampling, safety threshold analysis, BMS monitoring and other large data joint analysis, a battery body thermal runaway early warning and external safety hazard diagnosis is proposed, and its effectiveness is demonstrated and analyzed. The results of the study show that 30 seconds after the battery pressure relief valve is opened, a large number of solid particles with a particle size of 0~0. 3μm will be generated in the environment. The judgment method of comprehensively considering thermal runaway products and battery body parameters effectively advances the warning time in practical applications, which provides an effective theoretical guidance for the adoption of LFP battery energy storage system fault diagnosis and warning system.
Information gain and decision-theoretic approaches to data selection: Response to Klauer (1999).

K. C. Klauer (1999) argued that a Bayesian decision-theoretic rational analysis of Wason's selection task is preferable to an information gain account (M. Oaksford & N. Chater, 1994) because it has a better normative justification and may provide a better fit with the empirical data. The authors argue that Klauer's proposal and their proposal are equally well justified from a normative perspective and that, where the predictions of the 2 approaches diverge, the existing empirical evidence is consistent with the information gain approach. However, more empirical research is required to decide between these 2 accounts.
Research Methods: Experimental Design

Modern experimental design is less than half a century old. Its grandfather was William Gossett ("Student"); its very active father, Sir Ronald Fisher; its bible, Fisher's The Design of Experiments (27). Recently two competitors, decision theory and information theory, have risen to challenge the supremacy of the analysis of variance and covariance. Fisher (28:69) spoke out against "the attempt to reinterpret the common tests of significance used in scientific research as though they constituted some kind of acceptance procedure and led to 'decisions' in Wald's sense. " Pearson (59) and Neyman (55) replied to some of his criticisms. Cochran (15) stated that it would be unduly restrictive and harmful to view the function of statistics wholly in terms of decision making. In a technical paper, Lindley (45) suggested that altho undoubtedly one reason for experimenting is to reach decisions, another is to gain knowledge about the state of nature in the information-theory sense of Shannon. He introduced a measure of the information that an experiment provides and formulated a rule of experimentation: Perform that experiment for which the expected gain in information is greatest and continue experimenting until a predesignated amount of information is attained. Garner and McGill (31) compared uncertainty analysis, following Shannon, with a two-way nonorthogonal analysis of variance and concluded that while the two are similar in many respects, uncertainty analysis should be used when the criterion variable has the properties of Stevens' nominal or ordinal scale, while the analysis of variance must be employed when one desires to retain information about the metric and conditions for an interval or ratio scale are met. Frequently it may be desirable to do both analyses and compare the results. Box (5:975) recorded his opinion that "outside the field of agriculture the sequential situation is by far the most common one. " Altho the mathematical statistics of sequential experimentation have proved formidable, Grundy, Healy, and Rees (32) presented a solution for a simple
Nonclassical Measurement Error in a Nonlinear (Duration) Model

In this paper, we study nonclassical measurement error in the continuous dependent variable of a semiparametric transformation model. The latter is a popular choice in practice nesting various nonlinear duration and censored regression models. The main complication arises because we allow the (additive) measurement error to be correlated with a (continuous) component of the regressors as well as with the true, unobserved dependent variable itself. This problem has not yet been studied in the literature, but we argue that it is relevant for various empirical setups with mismeasured, continuous survey data like earnings or durations. We develop a framework to identify and consistently estimate (up to scale) the parameter vector of the transformation model. Our estimator links a two-step control function approach of Imbens and Newey (2009) with a rank estimator similar to Khan (2001) and is shown to have desirable asymptotic properties. We prove that ‘m out of n’ bootstrap can be used to obtain a consistent approximation of the asymptotic variance and study the estimator’s finite sample performance in a Monte Carlo Simulation. To illustrate the empirical usefulness of our procedure, we estimate an earnings equation model using annual data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). We find some evidence for a bias in the coefficients of years of education and age, emphasizing once again the importance to adjust for potential measurement error bias in empirical work.