Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic generation of object oriented unit tests using genetic programming

Automating the generation of object-oriented unit tests for structural testing techniques has been challenging many researchers due to the benefits it promises in terms of cost saving and test quality improvement. It requires test sequences to be generated, each of which models a particular scenario in which the class under test is examined. The generation process aims at obtaining a preferably compact set of test sequences which attains a high degree of structural coverage. The degree of achieved structural coverage indicates the adequacy of the tests and hence the test quality in general. Existing approaches to automatic test generation for object-oriented software mainly rely either on symbolic execution and constraint solving, or on a particular search technique. However, these approaches suffer from various limitations which negatively affect both their applicability in terms of classes for which they are feasible, and their effectiveness in terms of achievable structural coverage. The approaches based on symbolic execution and constraint solving inherit the limitations of these techniques, which are, for instance, issues with scalability and problems with loops, arrays, and complex predicates. The search-based approaches encounter problems in the presence of complex predicates and complex method call dependences. In addition, existing work addresses neither testing non-public methods without breaking data encapsulation, nor the occurrence of runtime exceptions during test generation. Yet, data encapsulation, non-public methods, and exception handling are fundamental concepts of object-oriented software and require also particular consideration for testing. This thesis proposes a new approach to automating the generation of object-oriented unit tests. It employs genetic programming, a recent meta-heuristic optimization technique, which allows formulating the task of test sequence generation as a search problem more suitably than the search techniques applied by the existing approaches. The approach enables testing non-public methods and accounts for runtime exceptions by appropriately designing the objective functions that are used to guide the genetic programming search. The value of the approach is shown by a case study with real-world classes that involve non-public methods and runtime exceptions. The structural coverage achieved by the approach is contrasted with that achieved by a random approach and two commercial test sequence generators. In most of the cases, the approach of this thesis outperformed the other methods.
Membrane Targeting by APPL1 and APPL2: Dynamic Scaffolds that Oligomerize and Bind Phosphoinositides

Human adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interaction, PH domain and leucine zipper containing 1 (APPL1) and adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interaction, PH domain and leucine zipper containing 2 (APPL2) are homologous effectors of the small guanosine triphosphatase RAB5 that interact with a diverse set of receptors and signaling proteins and are proposed to function in endosome‐mediated signaling. Herein, we investigated the membrane‐targeting properties of the APPL1 and APPL2 Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR), pleckstrin homology (PH) and phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains. Coimmunoprecipitation and yeast two‐hybrid studies demonstrated that full‐length APPL proteins formed homooligomers and heterooligomers and that the APPL minimal BAR domains were necessary and sufficient for mediating APPL–APPL interactions. When fused to a fluorescent protein and overexpressed, all three domains (minimal BAR, PH and PTB) were targeted to cell membranes. Furthermore, full‐length APPL proteins bound to phosphoinositides, and the APPL isolated PH or PTB domains were sufficient for in vitro phosphoinositide binding. Live cell imaging showed that full‐length APPL–yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion proteins associated with cytosolic membrane structures that underwent movement, fusion and fission events. Overexpression of full‐length APPL–YFP fusion proteins was sufficient to recruit endogenous RAB5 to enlarged APPL‐associated membrane structures, although APPL1 was not necessary for RAB5 membrane targeting. Taken together, our findings suggest a role for APPL proteins as dynamic scaffolds that modulate RAB5‐associated signaling endosomal membranes by their ability to undergo domain‐mediated oligomerization, membrane targeting and phosphoinositide binding.
A Methodology for Exploiting Oceans of Data within Territorial Dynamic Applications

The current approaches aiming at collective intelligence modelling often rely on traditional methods (ontologies, graphs). Even if those traditional methods may have reached their limitations, fin front of demanding emerging practices. The major conceptual tools enrolled for current and future Web are deeply rooted in the information storage and retrieval practices. The focus is on developing more original technologies for capturing, analyzing, exploiting and visualizing data. The agencements and the arrangements provide the appropriate epistemological context of our contribution. The simplicial complexes are the mathematical support of the methodology. The result is a shift from networks studied towards graph theory to higher dimensional networks structures. The representation is more than graphs, or even hyper graphs. A geometric perspective shows the arrangement as assembling polyhedra of all sizes. Their contacts can form chains of adjacencies. It not only generalized the notion of path graphs but also made available a range of quantitative and qualitative tools on the structure. Thus, the separate parts, more or less strongly linked, and the length of paths to traverse, and even loops or "missing parts", are meaningful metadata representations.
Gesture recognition using HLAC features of PARCOR images and HMM based recognizer

The paper proposes a gesture recognition method which uses higher order local autocorrelation (HLAC) features extracted from PARCOR images. To extract dominant information from a sequence of images, the authors apply a linear prediction coding technique to the sequence of pixel values and PARCOR images are constructed from the PARCOR coefficients of the sequences of the pixel values. From the PARCOR images, HLAC features are extracted and the sequences of the features are used as the input vectors of the hidden Markov model (HMM) based recognizer. Since HLAC features are inherently shift-invariant and computationally inexpensive, the proposed method becomes robust to changes of shift of the person's position and makes real-time gesture recognition possible. Experimental results of gesture recognition are shown to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.
Efficient Certificateless Authenticated Asymmetric Group Key Agreement Protocol

Group key agreement (GKA) is a cryptographic primitive allowing two or more users to negotiate a shared session key over public networks. Wu et al. recently introduced the concept of asymmetric GKA that allows a group of users to negotiate a common public key, while each user only needs to hold his/her respective private key. However, Wu et al.’s protocol can not resist active attacks, such as fabrication. To solve this problem, Zhang et al. proposed an authenticated asymmetric GKA protocol, where each user is authenticated during the negotiation process, so it can resist active attacks. Whereas, Zhang et al.’s protocol needs a partially trusted certificate authority to issue certificates, which brings a heavy certificate management burden. To eliminate such cost, Zhang et al. constructed another protocol in identity-based setting. Unfortunately, it suffers from the so-called key escrow problem. In this paper, we propose the certificateless authenticated asymmetric group key agreement protocol which does not have certificate management burden and key escrow problem. Besides, our protocol achieves known-key security, unknown key-share security, key-compromise impersonation security, and key control security. Our simulation based on the pairing-based cryptography (PBC) library shows that this protocol is efficient and practical.
The Minimum Wiener Connector Problem

The Wiener index of a graph is the sum of all pairwise shortest-path distances between its vertices. In this paper we study the novel problem of finding a minimum Wiener connector: given a connected graph G=(V,E) and a set Q ⊆ V of query vertices, find a subgraph of G that connects all query vertices and has minimum Wiener index. We show that MIN WIENER CONNECTOR admits a polynomial-time (albeit impractical) exact algorithm for the special case where the number of query vertices is bounded. We show that in general the problem is NP-hard, and has no PTAS unless P = NP. Our main contribution is a constant-factor approximation algorithm running in time Õ(|Q||E|). A thorough experimentation on a large variety of real-world graphs confirms that our method returns smaller and denser solutions than other methods, and does so by adding to the query set Q a small number of ``important'' vertices (i.e., vertices with high centrality).
Interactions of selected indole derivatives with COX-2 and their in silico structure modifications towards the development of novel NSAIDs

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an important enzyme responsible for the formation of potent inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Hence, inhibition of COX-2 is one of the best ways to control the inflammation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can control inflammation by inhibiting Cyclooxygenase. Selective inhibition of COX-2 is preferable over the inhibition of COX-1 because of the fewer adverse effects produced. Molecular modeling and docking of 134 selected indole compounds were done against COX-2. The pharmacophore-based in silico structural modifications of the best scored compounds were carried out in order to enhance the binding affinity and selectivity. The modification resulted in derivatives with better binding energies than that of known COX-2 inhibitors. The four best derivatives in terms of the binding energies were selected and their binding stabilities were studied by molecular dynamics simulation methods.
Solid-state NMR investigation of the dynamics of the soluble and membrane-bound colicin Ia channel-forming domain.

Solid-state NMR spectroscopy was employed to study the molecular dynamics of the colicin Ia channel domain in the soluble and membrane-bound states. In the soluble state, the protein executes small-amplitude librations (with root-mean-square angular fluctuations of 0-10 degrees ) in the backbone and larger-amplitude motions (16-17 degrees ) in the side chains. Upon membrane binding, the motional amplitudes increase significantly for both the backbone (12-16 degrees ) and side chains (23-29 degrees ), as manifested by the reduction in the C-H and H-H dipolar couplings and (15)N chemical shift anisotropy. These motions occur not only on the pico- to nanosecond time scales, but also on the microsecond time scale, as revealed by the (1)H rotating-frame spin-lattice relaxation times. Average motional correlation times of 0.8 and 1.2 micros were extracted for the soluble and membrane-bound states, respectively. In comparison, both forms of the colicin Ia channel domain are completely immobile on the millisecond scale. These results indicate that the colicin Ia channel domain has enhanced conformational mobility in the lipid bilayer compared to the soluble state. This membrane-induced mobility increase is consistent with the loss of tertiary structure of the protein in the membrane, which was previously suggested by the extended helical array model [Zakharov et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 4282-4287]. An extended structure would also facilitate protein interactions with the mobile lipids and thus increase the protein internal motions. We speculate that the large mobility of the membrane-bound colicin Ia channel domain is a prerequisite for channel opening in the presence of a voltage gradient.
"Dancing with the Stars, " NBA Games, Politics: An Exploration of Twitter Users' Response to Events

Microblogging services such as Twitter offer great opportunities for analyzing the reactions of a wide audience with respect to current events. In this paper, we explore the correlation between types of user engagement and events centered around celebrities (e.g., personal or professional events involving Actors, Musicians, Politicians, Athletes).
Thai Face Cartoon Detection and Recognition Using Eigenface Model

In this paper, an effective method for Thai face cartoon detection and recognition is used based on haar like feature and eigenface model. The basic idea of this method is to detection and recognition a cartoon Thai from the database based on a cartoon drawn by an artist. This method consists of three steps. We first manually, haar like feature is applied for Thai face cartoon detection. Second, those faces are extracted feature using eigenface. Final, those features are recognized using Euclidean distance. For experimental result, detection rate of 95% and recognition rate of 97%.
Multirate feedforward control of robot manipulators

This paper introduces a novel multirate feedforward control method for robot manipulators with elastic joints. Perfect tracking control methodology using multirate feedforward control was proposed by H. Fujimoto, et. al. Furthermore, A. Shimada, et. al. have described its application to robot manipulators; however, they only described the controller design process and gave a few simulation results. In addition, they did not provide details on how the state reference should be designed. Even if experiments are attempted, it is difficult to evaluate control performance since generally manipulators have joint angle sensors mounted on the output side of reduction gears, especially since the product of the angle of rotors and the reduction gear ratio does not always correspond with the joint angles. In order to solve this problem, this paper illustrates the design process for a state reference for manipulators, and introduces a prototype robot manipulator that has precision rotary encoders installed on the output side of the joints. This means that the manipulator as a platform not only has rotary encoders attached to servo motors but special rotary encoders. We describe experimental control results obtained by applying this control technique.
Floral reward production is timed by an insect pollinator

Interval timing—sensitivity to elapsing durations—has recently been found to occur in an invertebrate pollinator, the bumble-bee (Bombus impatiens). Here, bumble-bees were required to time the interval between the start of foraging in a patch of low-quality artificial flowers providing 25% sucrose and the availability of a high-quality flower (HQF) that provided 50% sucrose after a fixed delay. The delay changed after every 20 foraging bouts in the order 30–150–30 s. Bees visited the HQF sooner when the delay was 30 s than when it was 150 s, and visits to the HQF peaked near the end of both delays. When the delay changed to 150 s, bees appeared to time both the previous 30 s delay and the new delay. To examine whether bees also learned what kind of reward was provided at the HQF, its usual reward was replaced with 25% sucrose in a final foraging bout. Bumble-bees rejected the HQF on the reward-replacement test. These results show that bumble-bees remembered both when reward was produced by the HQF and what type of reward was produced. These findings indicate that bumble-bees can learn both the timing and content of reward production.
A Mandatory Role for STAT4 in IL-12 Induction of Mouse T Cell CCR51

IL-12 was recently shown to induce CCR5 on TCR-triggered mouse T cells. Considering that STAT4 is the most critical of IL-12 signaling molecules, this study investigated the role for STAT4 in the induction of CCR5 expression. IL-12R was induced by stimulation with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 mAb similarly on T cells from wild-type (WT) and STAT4-deficient (STAT4−/−) mice, but the levels of IL-12R induced on IFN-γ-deficient (IFN-γ−/−) T cells were lower compared with WT T cells. Exposure of TCR-triggered WT T cells to IL-12 induced CCR5 expression. In contrast, TCR-triggered STAT4−/− T cells failed to express CCR5 in response to IL-12. IL-12 stimulation induced detectable albeit reduced levels of CCR5 expression on IFN-γ−/− T cells. Addition of rIFN-γ to cultures of IFN-γ−/− T cells, particularly to cultures during TCR triggering resulted in restoration of CCR5 expression. However, CCR5 expression was not induced in STAT4−/− T cells by supplementation of rIFN-γ. These results indicate that for the induction of CCR5 on T cells, 1) STAT4 plays an indispensable role; 2) such a role is not substituted by simply supplementing rIFN-γ; and 3) IFN-γ amplifies CCR5 induction depending on the presence of STAT4.
Correlation between motor and phosphene thresholds: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has become a common tool for the brain mapping of a wide variety of cognitive functions. Because TMS over cortical regions of interest other than motor cortex often does not produce easily observable effects, the ability to calibrate TMS intensity for stimulation over nonmotor regions can be problematic. Previous studies reported no correlation between motor thresholds (MT) over the motor cortex and phosphene thresholds (PT) over the visual cortex. However, different thresholding methods, lighting, and eye‐closure conditions were used to determine MT and PT. We investigated the correlation between resting MT (rMT), active MT (aMT), and PT in 27 dark‐adapted healthy volunteers. All thresholds were measured with eyes‐open in the dark and determined by gradually reducing stimulation intensity downward. All subjects had aMT and rMT; 21 subjects had measurable PT. rMT was 70.4% ± 9.8% (mean ± SD of maximum stimulator output); aMT was 61.1% ± 7.9%; PT was 82.2% ± 10.1%. A significant positive correlation was found between aMT and PT (r = 0.53; P = 0.014) with a trend toward correlation between rMT and PT (r = 0.43; P = 0.052). Our results suggest that sensitivity to TMS over visual and motor cortices may be correlated under similar thresholding procedures. They also provide a rationale for the use of easily obtained aMT to calibrate TMS intensities in brain mapping studies that employ TMS in cortical regions besides motor cortex. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anticipatory robot path planning in human environments

Robot path planning in human environments benefits significantly from considering more than obstacle avoidance, and recent works in this area proposed safety and comfort considerations. One shortcoming of current approaches is that humans' behavior is modeled as independent of robot's motions. In this work, we aim to give this anticipation ability to a robot by simulating people's reaction to robot's motion during planning. Our approach is based on extracting a static plan using A* search on the grid map by minimizing safety, disturbance and path length costs and then refining it by simulating humans' reaction using the Social Force Model. With two example scenarios in simulation and two on the real system, we provide qualitative examination of the resulting robot paths and demonstrate that robots can exhibit social behaviors that is not possible to model with standard approaches. This work serves as a primer for quantitative user studies, and we hope will urge future robot path planners to consider a richer set of social capabilities.
Instantaneous Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion—A New Definition

The mean coefficient of linear thermal expansion is used to define a new “instantaneous coefficient of linear thermal expansion” (ILTE) which is proved to be independent of reference temperatures required to define mean values. Hence it can be considered a true material property. The new ILTE provides a common reference to compare thermal expansion data of different materials. This instantaneous coefficient is different from the instantaneous value defined by ASTM standards. Values of the new coefficient are compared with the widely used mean coefficient values. Accuracy of calculations using the new ILTE is demonstrated using the mean coefficient data of two materials.
The synthesis of cartoon emotional speech

Recentyearshave beenmarkedby the increasingdevelopmentof personalrobotssuchassmall petsor humanoids,oftenhaving youngandcartoonlike personalities.A key feature they currentlylack is theability to speakin aemotionallife-lik e manner . We presentherea technologythatmakesthis possible by usingconcatenati ve speechsynthesis.
Combined effect of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation and a working memory task on heart rate variability

Prefrontal cortex activity has been associated with changes to heart rate variability (HRV) via mediation of the cortico-subcortical pathways that regulate the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. Changes in HRV due to altered prefrontal cortex functioning can be predicted using the neurovisceral integration model, which suggests that prefrontal hyperactivity increases parasympathetic tone and decreases contributions from the sympathetic nervous system. Working memory (WM) tasks and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been used independently to modulate brain activity demonstrating changes to HRV in agreement with the model. We investigated the combined effects of prefrontal tDCS and a WM task on HRV. Bifrontal tDCS was administered for 15 minutes at 2mA to 20 participants in a sham controlled, single-blind study using parallel groups. A WM task was completed by participants at three time points; pre-, during-, and post-tDCS, with resting state data collected at similar times. Frequency-domain HRV was computed for high frequency (HF; 0.15–0.4Hz) and low frequency (LF; 0.04–0.15Hz) power reflecting parasympathetic and sympathetic branch activity, respectively. Response time on the WM task, but not accuracy, improved from baseline to during-tDCS and post-tDCS with sham, but not active, stimulation. HF-HRV was significantly increased in the active tDCS group compared to sham, lasting beyond cessation of stimulation. Additionally, HF-HRV showed a task-related reduction in power during performance on the WM task. Changes in LF-HRV were moderately inversely correlated (r > 0.4) with changes in WM accuracy during and following tDCS compared to baseline levels. Stimulation of the prefrontal cortex resulted in changes to the parasympathetic branch of the nervous system in agreement with a linearly additive interpretation of effects. Sympathetic activity was not directly altered by tDCS, but was correlated with changes in WM performance. This suggests that the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches respond differentially due to similar, but distinct neural pathways. Given the ease of HRV data collection, studies of prefrontal tDCS would benefit from collection of this data as it provides unique insight into tDCS effects resulting from propagation through brain networks.