Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pose adaptive LDA based face recognition

In this paper, a novel method based on pose adaptive linear discriminant analysis (PALDA) is proposed to deal with pose variation problems in face recognition when each person has only one frontal training sample. The basic idea of the PALDA method is described as follows: first, the pose style of the test sample is estimated by one pose classifier; then, the corresponding LDA feature, which is robust to the variation between the estimated pose style and the frontal pose style, is extracted. Since human faces are very similar objects with similar geometrical shape and configuration, the facial images from the same pose style are similar to each other. So an effective pose classifier is designed. The variations of each specific personpsilas facial images, due to changes of pose, are also rather similar to each other, so varieties of LDA projection matrixes, each of which is robust to one variation between one specific pose style and the frontal pose style, are trained with offline face samples containing various poses. The comparison with other pose robust face recognition methods on CMUPie database has confirmed the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed method.
Long‐Term Survival of Dopamine Neurons Derived from Parthenogenetic Primate Embryonic Stem Cells (Cyno‐1) After Transplantation

Dopamine (DA) neurons can be derived from human and primate embryonic stem (ES) cells in vitro. An ES cell–based replacement therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease requires that in vitro–generated neurons maintain their phenotype in vivo. Other critical issues relate to their proliferative capacity and risk of tumor formation, and the capability of migration and integration in the adult mammalian brain. Neural induction was achieved by coculture of primate parthenogenetic ES cells (Cyno‐1) with stromal cells, followed by sequential exposure to midbrain patterning and differentiation factors to favor DA phenotypic specification. Differentiated ES cells were treated with mitomycin C and transplanted into adult immunosuppressed rodents and into a primate (allograft) with out immunosuppression. A small percentage of DA neurons survived in both rodent and primate hosts for the entire term of the study (4 and 7 months, respectively). Other neuronal and glial populations derived from Cyno‐1 ES cells showed, in vivo, phenotypic characteristics and growth and migration patterns similar to fetal primate transplants, and a majority of cells (>80%) expressed the forebrain transcription factor brain factor 1. No teratoma formation was observed. In this study, we demonstrate long‐term survival of DA neurons obtained in vitro from primate ES cells. Optimization of differentiation, cell selection, and cell transfer is required for functional studies of ES‐derived DA neurons for future therapeutic applications.
Fast simulation method of BER performance of error correcting codes over AWGN channel

This article proposes a method to estimate the bit error rate performance of error correcting code over an additive white Gaussian noise channel at SNR=A[dB] by simulation at SNR=B[dB] which is less than A and to accelerate the estimation. The previous such method, called envelope method (EM) needs an auxiliary simulation at SNR=A[dB] in addition to the simulation at SNR=B[dB]. The proposed method makes the auxiliary simulation unnecessary, by using analytically derived property at SNR=A[dB], and becomes faster than EM. The application of the proposed method makes the simulation time 50% for an LDPC code of length 1027 and 20% for an LDPC code of length 4000 compared to time needed by direct simulations. The simulation time also reduces to 60% of that of EM. This article discusses the variance of the estimated BER which was not discussed in the previous report.
Structure of Disk-dominated Galaxies. II. Color Gradients and Stellar Population Models

We investigate optical and near-IR color gradients in a sample of 172 low-inclination galaxies spanning Hubble types S0-Irr. The colors are compared with stellar population synthesis models from which luminosity-weighted average ages and metallicities are determined. We explore the effects of different underlying star formation histories and additional bursts of star formation. Our results are robust in a relative sense under the assumption that our galaxies shared a similar underlying star formation history and that no bursts involving more than ∼10% of the galaxy mass have occurred in the past 1-2 Gyr. Because the observed gradients show radial structure, we measure "inner" and "outer" disk age and metallicity gradients. Trends in age and metallicity and their gradients are explored as a function of Hubble type, rotational velocity, total near-IR galaxy magnitude, central surface brightness, and scale length. We find strong correlations in age and metallicity with Hubble type, rotational velocity, total magnitude, and central surface brightness in the sense that earlier-type, faster rotating, more luminous, and higher surface brightness galaxies are older and more metal-rich, suggesting an early and more rapid star formation history for these galaxies. The increasing trends with rotational velocity and total magnitude level off for Vrot ≳ 120 km s-1 and MK ≲ -23 mag, respectively. This effect is stronger for metallicity (than age), which could reflect a threshold potential above which all metals are retained and thus metallicity saturates at the yield. Outer disk gradients are found to be weaker than the inner gradients as expected for a slower variation of the potential and surface brightness in the outer parts. We find that stronger age gradients are associated with weaker metallicity gradients. Trends in gradients with galaxy parameters are compared with model predictions: these trends do not agree with predictions of semianalytic models of hierarchical galaxy formation, possibly owing to the effect of bar-induced radial flows. The observed trends are in agreement with chemo-spectrophotometric models of spiral galaxy evolution based on CDM-motivated scaling laws but none of the hierarchical merging characteristics, implying a strong dependence of the star formation history of spiral galaxies on the galaxy potential and halo spin parameter.
3-D knee cartilage segmentation using a smoothing B-Spline active surface

We present an adaptive solution for guinea pig knee cartilage segmentation using a 3-D smoothing B-Spline active surface. An adaptive parametric combination of edge-based forces and balloon force solves the problem of capture range of external forces. The comparison between the results of the experiments using this method and previous 3-D validated snake segmentation shows that the accuracy and robustness are improved.
F ¨ Ur Mathematik in Den Naturwissenschaften Leipzig from 1970 until Present: the Keller-segel Model in Chemotaxis and Its Consequences from 1970 until Present: the Keller-segel Model in Chemotaxis and Its Consequences

This article summarizes various aspects and results for some general formulations of the classical chemotaxis models also known as Keller-Segel models. It is intended as a survey of results for the most common formulation of this classical model for positive chemotactical movement and offers possible generalizations of these results to more universal models. Furthermore it collects open questions and outlines mathematical progress in the study of the Keller-Segel model since the first presentation of the equations in 1970. 1. Introduction. Mathematical analysis of biological phenomena has become more and more important in understanding these complex processes. Thus, the number of mathematicians studying biological and medical phenomena and problems is continuously increasing in recent years. One such biological topic is the movement of population densities or the movement of single particles. Changes in the environment of mobile species can influence its movement. For example, humans sense their environment and given a particular situation or the state of the environment, they make their decisions as to where to move. For example we might be attracted by a tantalizing smell and move towards it, since we expect a delicious food, or we move away from a place if there is a repellent odor. Animals and humans also use this effects (for example) to attract mating partners with special colorful feathers or with enticing perfumes etc. In [85] one can find the silk moth Bombyx mori as an example of a species that uses a special odor to attract a mating partner. During mating season the female moth secretes a scent caused by a pheromone bombykol which attracts the male to move in direction of the increasing concentration of this scent. This helps the male moths to find the female. Before presenting another example where changes in the environment affect the movement of a mobile species let me cite the following anecdote from the German news magazine " DER SPIEGEL " 36/1998 [45] that is said to have happened in the late 1950s at the University of Princeton:
Monitoring Flow-level High-speed Data Streams with Reversible Sketches

A key function for network traffic monitoring and analysis is the ability to perform aggregate queries over multiple data streams. Change detection is an important primitive which can be extended to construct many aggregate queries. The recently proposed sketches [1] are among the very few that can detect heavy changes online for high speed links, and thus support various aggregate queries in both temporal and spatial domains. However, it does not preserve the keys (e.g., source IP address) of flows, making it difficult to reconstruct the desired set of anomalous keys. In an earlier abstract we proposed a framework for a reversible sketch data structure that offers hope for efficient extraction of keys [2]. However, this scheme is only able to detect a single heavy change key and places restrictions on the statistical properties of the key space. To address these challenges, we propose an efficient reverse hashing scheme to infer the keys of culprit flows from reversible sketches. There are two phases. The first operates online, recording the packet stream in a compact representation with negligible extra memory and few extra memory accesses. Our prototype single FPGA board implementation can achieve a throughput of over 16 Gbps for 40-byte-packet streams (the worst case). The second phase identifies heavy changes and their keys from the representation in nearly real time. We evaluate our scheme using traces from large edge routers with OC-12 or higher links. Both the analytical and experimental results show that we are able to achieve online traffic monitoring and accurate change/intrusion detection over massive data streams on high speed links, all in a manner that scales to large key space size. To the best of our knowledge, our system is the first to achieve these properties simultaneously.
A content privacy-preserving protocol for energy-efficient access to commercial online social networks

The privacy issue of online social networks (OSNs) has been getting attention from the public, especially when data privacy has caused the disagreement between users and OSN providers. While the providers utilize users' data as a commercial usage to make profit; on the other hand, users feel their privacy has been violated by such behavior. In this paper, we propose a privacy preserving protocol for users' data sharing in OSNs, where the OSN provider cannot retrieve the users' social content while the users can efficiently add or remove a social contact and flexibly perform the data access control. Moreover, we prove that the users would allow the OSN provider to perform keyword search over the encrypted content for advertising profit, so that the OSN provider can commercialize its products without the knowledge of content.
Using identity and trust with key management for achieving security in Ad hoc Networks

Communication in Mobile Ad hoc network is done over a shared wireless channel with no Central Authority (CA) to monitor. Responsibility of maintaining the integrity and secrecy of data, nodes in the network are held responsible. To attain the goal of trusted communication in MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) lot of approaches using key management has been implemented. This work proposes a composite identity and trust based model (CIDT) which depends on public key, physical identity, and trust of a node which helps in secure data transfer over wireless channels. CIDT is a modified DSR routing protocol for achieving security. Trust Factor of a node along with its key pair and identity is used to authenticate a node in the network. Experience based trust factor (TF) of a node is used to decide the authenticity of a node. A valid certificate is generated for authentic node to carry out the communication in the network. Proposed method works well for self certification scheme of a node in the network.
Online junction temperature measurement via internal gate resistance during turn-on

A new method for junction temperature measurement of power semiconductor switches is presented. The measurement exploits the temperature dependent resistance of the temperature sensitive electrical parameter (TSEP): the internal gate resistance. This dependence can be observed during the normal switching transitions of an IGBT or MOSFET, and as a result the presented method uses the integral of the gate voltage during the turn-on delay. A measurement circuit can be integrated into a gate driver with no modification to converter or gate driver operation and holds significant advantages over other TSEP based measurement methods, primarily being: an absence of any dependence on operating conditions such as load current, and the potential to achieve higher sensitivity (20mV/C or more) than alternative TSEPs.
Congestion control with adaptive multipath routing based on optimization

The paper considers a TCP/IP-style network with flow control at end-systems based on congestion feedback, and routing decisions at network nodes on a per-destination basis. The only generalization with respect to standard IP is that routers split their traffic, for each destination, among their outgoing links. We pose two optimization problems, that generalize and combine those used in the congestion control and traffic engineering literature. In contrast to other work in multipath congestion control, we use variables that are available at each node (source or router). We prove that decentralized algorithms built by combining primal or dual congestion control with adaptation of router splits, converge globally to optimal points. Some comments on practical implications of these results are given.
A 320mW 342GOPS real-time moving object recognition processor for HD 720p video streams

Moving object recognition in a video stream is crucial for applications such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and mobile augmented reality that require robust and fast recognition in the presence of dynamic camera noise. Devices in such applications suffer from severe motion/camera blur noise in low-light conditions due to low-sensitivity CMOS image sensors, and therefore require higher computing power to obtain robust results vs. devices used in still image applications. Moreover, HD resolution has become so universal today that even smartphones support applications with HD resolution. However, many object recognition processors and accelerators reported for mobile applications only support SD resolution due to the computational complexity of object recognition algorithms. This paper presents a moving-target recognition processor for HD video streams. The processor is based on a context-aware visual attention model (CAVAM).
Indigenous Peoples and Forest Management: Comparative Analysis of Institutional Approaches in Australia and India

This article examines recent institutional approaches that address questions of access to forest resources and issues of redistributive justice for indigenous peoples in Australia and India. For over two decades, both countries have seen the emergence of claims to forest access and ownership made by indigenous communities that have been historically disadvantaged and marginalized from the benefits of mainstream social and economic development. The analysis focuses on regional forest agreements (RFA) in Australia and joint forest management (JFM) experiments in India through a comparative analytical framework defined by three concepts? access, control, and substantive democracy? to assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of institutional processes that aim to engage in sustainable management of forest resources.
Interaction with Uncertainty in Visualisations

In recent years, a number of algorithms have been developed which provide fast approximate computations on large datasets. There is considerable interest in exploiting these techniques to render interactive visualisations of large datasets. Such interactions require careful consideration of the uncertainty arising from the approximations that these algorithms employ. Characterising and comparing visualisations of uncertainty has been well studied; however, it is typically assumed that uncertainty is a fixed property of the data. In light of this new generation of approximate visualisations, we consider the case where uncertainty arises from algorithms whose parameters can be altered, and so can be manipulated just like any other aspect of the visualisation. We present a novel directmanipulation interface for uncertainty in visualisations and show through a user study that our interface enables people to successfully edit and comprehend uncertainty.
Observer design for stochastic nonlinear systems using contraction analysis

This paper presents a new observer for Itô stochastic nonlinear systems with guaranteed stability. Contraction analysis is used to analyze incremental stability of the observer for an Itô stochastic nonlinear system. A bound on the mean squared distance between the trajectories of original dynamics and the observer dynamics is obtained as a function of contraction rate and maximum noise intensity. The observer design is based on non-unique state-dependent coefficient (SDC) forms which parametrize the nonlinearity in an extended linear form. In this paper, a convex combination of several parametrizations is used. An optimization problem with state-dependent linear matrix inequality (SDLMI) constraints is formulated to select the free parameters of the convex combination for achieving faster convergence and robustness against disturbances. Moreover, the L2 norm of the disturbance and noise to the estimation error is shown to be finite. The present algorithm shows improved performance in comparison to the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the state-dependent differential Riccati equation (SDDRE) filter in simulation.
Functional connexin “hemichannels”: A critical appraisal

“Hemichannels” are defined as the halves of gap junction channels (also termed connexons) that are contributed by one cell; “hemichannels” are considered to be functional if they are open in nonjunctional membranes in the absence of pairing with partners from adjacent cells. Several recent reviews have summarized the blossoming literature regarding functional “hemichannels”, in some cases encyclopedically. However, most of these previous reviews have been written with the assumption that all data reporting “hemichannel” involvement really have studied phenomena in which connexons actually form the permeability or conductance pathway. In this review, we have taken a slightly different approach. We review the concept of “hemichannels”, summarize properties that might be expected of half gap junctions and evaluate the extent to which the properties of presumptive “hemichannels” match expectations. Then we consider functions attributed to hemichannels, provide an overview of other channel types that might fulfill similar roles and provide sets of criteria that might be applied to verify involvement of connexin hemichannels in cell and tissue function. One firm conclusion is reached. The study of hemichannels is technically challenging and fraught with opportunities for misinterpretation, so that future studies must apply rigorous standards for detection of hemichannel expression and function. At the same time there are reasons to expect surprises, including the possibility that some time honored techniques for studying gap junctions may prove unsuitable for detecting hemichannels. We advise hemichannel researchers to proceed with caution and an open mind. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The population of barred galaxies in the local universe - I. Detection and characterisation of bars

Context. Bars are very common in the centre of the disc galaxies, and they drive the evolution of their structure. The state-of-the-art imaging and redshift surveys of galaxies allow us to study the relationships between the properties of the bars and those of their hosts in statistically significant samples. Aims. A volume-limited sample of 2106 disc galaxies was studied to derive the bar fraction, length, and strength as a function of the morphology, size, local galaxy density, light concentration, and colour of the host galaxy. The sample galaxies were selected to not be strongly disturbed/interacting. Methods. The bar and galaxy properties were obtained by analysing the r-band images of the sample galaxies available in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5. Results. The bars were detected using the ellipse fitting method and Fourier analysis method. They were tested and calibrated with extensive simulations on artificial images. The ellipse fitting method was found to be more efficient in detecting bars in spiral galaxies. The fraction of barred galaxies turned out to be 45%. A bar was found in 29% of the lenticular galaxies, in 55% and 54% of the earlyand late-type spirals, respectively. The bar length (normalised by the galaxy size) of late-type spirals is shorter than in early-type or lenticular ones. A correlation between the bar length and galaxy size was found with longer bars hosted by larger galaxies. The bars of the lenticular galaxies are weaker than those in spirals. Moreover, the unimodal distribution of the bar strength found for all the galaxy types argues against a quick transition between the barred and unbarred statues. There is no difference between the local galaxy density of barred and unbarred galaxies. Besides, neither the length nor strength of the bars are correlated with the local density of the galaxy neighbourhoods. In contrast, a statistical significant difference between the central light concentration and colour of barred and unbarred galaxies was found. Bars are mostly located in less concentrated and bluer galaxies. Conclusions. These results indicate that the properties of bars are strongly related to those of their host galaxies, but do not depend on the local environment.