Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of atmospheric oxygen using long-path supercontinuum absorption spectroscopy

Abstract The concentration of atmospheric oxygen is measured over a 540-m path using supercontinuum absorption spectroscopy. The absorption data compared favorably with MODTRAN™ 5 simulations of the spectra after adjusting for the differences of index of refraction of air and matching the instrument spectral resolution, as described by the effective slit width. Good agreement with the expected atmospheric oxygen concentration is obtained using a previously developed multiwavelength maximum likelihood estimation inversion algorithm. This study demonstrates the use of the SAS technique for measuring concentrations of chemical species with fine absorption structure on long-atmospheric paths.
A Novel Concept for the Search and Retrieval of the Derwent Markush Resource Database

The representation of and search for generic chemical structures (Markush) remains a continuing challenge. Several research groups have addressed this problem, and over time a limited number of practical solutions have been proposed. Today there are two large commercial providers of Markush databases: Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) and Thomson Reuters. The Thomson Reuters "Derwent" Markush database is currently offered via the online services Questel and STN and as a data feed for in-house use. The aim of this paper is to briefly review the existing Markush systems (databases plus search engines) and to describe our new approach for the implementation of the Derwent Markush Resource on STN. Our new approach demonstrates the integration of the Derwent Markush Resource database into the existing chemistry-focused STN platform without loss of detail. This provides compatibility with other structure and Markush databases on STN and at the same time makes it possible to deploy the specific features and functions of the Derwent approach. It is shown that the different Markush languages developed by CAS and Derwent can be combined into a single general Markush description. In this concept the generic nodes are grouped together in a unique hierarchy where all chemical elements and fragments can be integrated. As a consequence, both systems are searchable using a single structure query. Moreover, the presented concept could serve as a promising starting point for a common generalized description of Markush structures.
Antimicrobial Activity of Ibuprofen against Cystic Fibrosis-Associated Gram-Negative Pathogens

ABSTRACT Clinical trials have demonstrated the benefits of ibuprofen therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, an effect that is currently attributed to ibuprofen's anti-inflammatory properties. Yet, a few previous reports demonstrated an antimicrobial activity of ibuprofen as well, although none investigated its direct effects on the pathogens found in the CF lung, which is the focus of this work. Determination of ibuprofen's in vitro antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia species strains through measurements of the endpoint number of CFU and growth kinetics showed that ibuprofen reduced the growth rate and bacterial burden of the tested strains in a dose-dependent fashion. In an in vitro Pseudomonas biofilm model, a reduction in the rate of biomass accumulation over 8 h of growth with ibuprofen treatment was observed. Next, an acute Pseudomonas pneumonia model was used to test this antimicrobial activity after the oral delivery of ibuprofen. Following intranasal inoculation, ibuprofen-treated mice exhibited lower CFU counts and improved survival compared with the control animals. Preliminary biodistribution studies performed after the delivery of ibuprofen to mice by aerosol demonstrated a rapid accumulation of ibuprofen in serum and minimum retention in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Therefore, ibuprofen-encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles (Ibu-NPs) were formulated to improve the pharmacokinetic profile. Ibu-NPs formulated for aerosol delivery inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa in vitro and may provide a convenient dosing method. These results provide an additional explanation for the previously observed therapeutic effects of ibuprofen in CF patients and further strengthen the argument for its use by these patients.
Age at Death and Causes of Death in Patients with Huntington Disease in Norway in 1986–2015

Background: The literature offers discrepant findings regarding age at death in individuals with Huntington disease (HD). Objective: To study the age at death and causes of death in males and females with a diagnosis of HD in Norway. Methods: Registry study of deaths in 1986–2015 using data from two national registries: the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry (NCDR) and the registry of the Centre for Rare Disorders (CRD), Oslo University Hospital. Results: Mean age at death for individuals with HD was found to be 63.9 years (NCDR) and 61.7 years (CRD), compared to a mean of 76.9 years in the general population (NCDR). There were no significant gender differences for age at death in individuals with HD. The significant increase in age at death within the general population from 1986 to 2015 was not observed in individuals with HD. In 73.5% of individuals with HD, the underlying cause of death was HD, followed by cardiovascular diseases, cancer and respiratory diseases. The most common immediate cause of death was respiratory diseases (44.2%). Suicide was a more common cause of death in the population with HD (2.3%) compared to the general population (1.3%). Conclusion: The age at death of individuals with HD was stable over a period of 30 years and 13.3 years lower than in the general population. Longer life expectancy for females from the general population was not found in females with HD. Suicide was more common among individuals with HD compared to the general population.
ARM based RSWPT implementation for embedded condition monitoring of induction motor

This paper purpose is the hardware implementation of the Recursive Stationary Wavelet Packet Transform (RSWPT) technique in a STM32F4 board based on ARM processor. RSWPT is used for fault detection of an induction motor by using lower sampling rate and reduced current samples, thus restricting the embedded resources consumption. The hardware implementation performances of this technique are evaluated in the case of Broken Rotor Bar (BRB) fault. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the RSWPT to reliably extract the fault feature using a low-cost embedded environment.
Effect of health information exchange on recognition of medication discrepancies is interrupted when data charges are introduced: results of a cluster-randomized controlled trial

Objectives To determine the effect of health information exchange (HIE) on medication prescribing for hospital inpatients in a cluster-randomized controlled trial, and to examine the prescribing effect of availability of information from a large pharmacy insurance plan in a natural experiment. Methods Patients admitted to an urban hospital received structured medication reconciliation by an intervention pharmacist with (intervention) or without (control) access to a regional HIE. The HIE contained prescribing information from the largest hospitals and pharmacy insurance plan in the region for the first 10 months of the study, but only from the hospitals for the last 21 months, when data charges were imposed by the insurance plan. The primary endpoint was discrepancies between preadmission and inpatient medication regimens, and secondary endpoints included adverse drug events (ADEs) and proportions of rectified discrepancies. Results Overall, 186 and 195 patients were assigned to intervention and control, respectively. Patients were 60 years old on average and took a mean of 7 medications before admission. There was no difference between intervention and control in number of risk-weighted discrepancies (6.4 vs 5.8, P = .452), discrepancy-associated ADEs (0.102 vs 0.092 per admission, P = .964), or rectification of discrepancies (0.026 vs 0.036 per opportunity, P = .539). However, patients who received medication reconciliation with pharmacy insurance data available had more risk-weighted medication discrepancies identified than those who received usual care (8.0 vs 5.9, P = .038). Discussion and Conclusion HIE may improve outcomes of medication reconciliation. Charging for access to medication information interrupts this effect. Efforts are needed to understand and increase prescribers' rectification of medication discrepancies.
The Mutual Information in Random Linear Estimation Beyond i.i.d. Matrices

There has been definite progress recently in proving the variational single-letter formula given by the heuristic replica method for various estimation problems. In particular, the replica formula for the mutual information in the case of noisy linear estimation with random i.i. d. matrices, a problem with applications ranging from compressed sensing to statistics, has been proven rigorously. In this contribution we go beyond the restrictive i.i. d. matrix assumption and discuss the formula proposed by Takeda, Uda, Kabashima and later by Tulino, Verdu, Caire and Shamai who used the replica method. Using the recently introduced adaptive interpolation method and random matrix theory, we prove this formula for a relevant large sub-class of rotationally invariant matrices.
Failure of planar fiber networks

We study the failure of planar random fiber networks with computer simulations. The networks are grown by adding flexible fibers one by one on a growing deposit [K. J. Niskanen and M. J. Alava, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3475 (1994)], a process yielding realistic three dimensional network structures. The network thus obtained is mapped to an electrical analogue of the elastic problem, namely to a random fuse network with separate bond elements for the fiber-to-fiber contacts. The conductivity of the contacts (corresponding to the efficiency of stress transfer between fibers) is adjustable. We construct a simple effective medium theory for the current distribution and conductivity of the networks as a function of intra-fiber current transfer efficiency. This analysis compares favorably with the computed conductivity and with the fracture properties of fiber networks with varying fiber flexibility and network thickness. The failure characteristics are shown to obey scaling behavior, as expected of a disordered br.
System resilience improvement using multiple energy supply systems under natural disasters

In recent years, the frequency of natural disasters has increased, and has lead to significant damage on power systems, sometimes even leading to blackouts. In this paper, we focus on improving power system resilience considering a multiple energy supply system, with electricity, natural gas and hydrogen. We use the Monte Carlo method to analyze the potential consequences of natural disasters and human decisions under natural disasters. Outage and investment costs are then computed to estimate the resulting costs for a utility company. We simulate a multiple energy supply system in three cases and twelve configurations to investigate the relationship between resilience and costs. Results show that as the resilience increases, the outage cost decreases. Multiple energy supply systems can thus improve power system resilience.
Monetary policy and the chaotic structure of net cash flow from investment-operating and liquidity

Monetary policy seeks to promote economic expansions or contractions by managing interest rates or money supply. The impact of these mechanisms on businesses depends on their ability to make predictions about the development of the market and the performance and profitability of their projects. Also, interest rates impact their ability to raise funds for operations, forcing them to make changes in liabilities, operations, investments and liquidity. However, many factors affect the investments, operations and liquidity of companies and it may be that economic expansion does not result in a gradual increase in the operation or investment of companies. The unpredictable evolution of the economy leads companies to adopt conservative strategies to avoid short-term indebtedness. Monetary policy should take into account the chaotic relationship existing between the assets of companies, investments, operations and liquidity; decreasing interest rates or increasing the money supply act upon a complex structure of financial relationships in companies, resulting in high unpredictability. Key-Words: Chaos; monetary policy; net cash flow from investment, net cash flow from operating, working capital.
A Product-Form Model for the Performance Evaluation of a Bandwidth Allocation Strategy in WSNs

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are important examples of Collective Adaptive System, which consist of a set of motes that are spatially distributed in an indoor or outdoor space. Each mote monitors its surrounding conditions, such as humidity, intensity of light, temperature, and vibrations, but also collects complex information, such as images or small videos, and cooperates with the whole set of motes forming the WSN to allow the routing process. The traffic in the WSN consists of packets that contain the data harvested by the motes and can be classified according to the type of information that they carry. One pivotal problem in WSNs is the bandwidth allocation among the motes. The problem is known to be challenging due to the reduced computational capacity of the motes, their energy consumption constraints, and the fully decentralised network architecture. In this article, we study a novel algorithm to allocate the WSN bandwidth among the motes by taking into account the type of traffic they aim to send. Under the assumption of a mesh network and Poisson distributed harvested packets, we propose an analytical model for its performance evaluation that allows a designer to study the optimal configuration parameters. Although the Markov chain underlying the model is not reversible, we show it to be ρ-reversible under a certain renaming of states. By an extensive set of simulations, we show that the analytical model accurately approximates the performance of networks that do not satisfy the assumptions. The algorithm is studied with respect to the achieved throughput and fairness. We show that it provides a good approximation of the max-min fairness requirements.
A Study of Intensional Concept Drift in Trending DBpedia Concepts

Concept drift refers to the phenomenon that concepts change their intensional composition, and therefore meaning, over time. It is a manifestation of content dynamics, and an important problem with regard to access and scalability in the Web of Data. Such drifts go back to contextual influences due to social embedding as suggested by e.g. topic analysis, news detection, and trends in social networks. Using DBpedia as a source of timestamped Linked Open Data, we analyze the interaction between a sample of popular keywords, as recorded by Google Trends, and their respective concept drifts in DBpedia. For the latter task, we deploy SemaDrift, an ontology evolution platform for detecting and measuring content dislocation dependent on context modification. Our hypothesis is that social embedding and awareness is an important trigger for concept drift in crowdsourced knowledge bases on the Web.
Research of silicon solar cells' performance after being irradiated by high power laser

Compared with traditional methods of energy supply, there is a great possibility to get a more remarkable enhancement of conversion efficiency for laser power (of proper wavelength and intensity) beaming to silicon solar cells. However, it should be noticed that cells may be damaged by high power laser. Based on the background, this essay explores high-power-laser's possible damage to silicon solar cells by analyzing IV curves (obtained by IV tester) and minority-carrier lifetime (measured by open-circuit-voltage-decay method). Research shows that, for 30s irradiation, minority-carrier lifetime decreases to some extent when irradiated by laser of over 5.5W/cm2 and the higher laser power density, the more degradation. Similarly, IV curves see a downward trend under laser of over 5.5W/cm2. In addition, there is a roughly linear relationship between lifetime and the decrease amount of short circuit current. Moreover, the degradation degree has a close relation with the maximum temperature. The prolonged illumination would not bring about more serious damage if one cell had already reached an equilibrium temperature.
Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies

Observational epidemiological studies are prone to confounding, reverse causation and various biases and have generated findings that have proved to be unreliable indicators of the causal effects of modifiable exposures on disease outcomes. Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method that utilizes genetic variants that are robustly associated with such modifiable exposures to generate more reliable evidence regarding which interventions should produce health benefits. The approach is being widely applied, and various ways to strengthen inference given the known potential limitations of MR are now available. Developments of MR, including two-sample MR, bidirectional MR, network MR, two-step MR, factorial MR and multiphenotype MR, are outlined in this review. The integration of genetic information into population-based epidemiological studies presents translational opportunities, which capitalize on the investment in genomic discovery research.
Improving load balancing mechanisms in wireless packet networks

This paper provides a comparative performance evaluation of various load balancing schemes in cellular packet networks. With respect to circuit switched networks, wireless packet technology adds the further issue of quality of service of accepted connections. In fact, with packet technology, transmission error performance does not uniquely depend on the perceived channel quality, but it can be improved by adopting a scheduling mechanism enforcing fast retransmission of corrupted packets. The result is that throughput can be traded off with QoS experienced by an admitted flow. This paper proposes new packet-level load balancing mechanisms. In addition to the number of calls admitted in a cell, our schemes use supplementary packet level information, expressed in terms of effective resource consumption of each individual call when retransmission mechanisms are employed. Simulation results prove the superiority of our proposed schemes with respect to traditional load balancing schemes.
The Fabrication and Scale-Up of Organic Photovoltaic Devices via Ultrasonic Spray Coating

At the present time, most prototype organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices are fabricated via spin-coating on to relatively small substrates. While spin-coating is a powerful tool for controllable and accurate material deposition, it is a relatively slow process and not easily scalable. In order for the technology to progress into commercial manufacturing, the fabrication of devices must be demonstrated via scalable deposition techniques. This thesis investigates ultrasonic spray coating as a scalable technique for the fabrication of organic solar cells. Several hole transport and photoactive materials are spray-cast and characterised. OPV devices are fabricated and a partial scale up is investigated, resulting in spray-cast device metrics comparable to those fabricated via spin coating. This work details fabrication of the largest OPV devices yet reported in which the PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer and the photoactive layer are both spray coated. It is therefore suggested that that spray coating is a potentially viable roll-to-roll deposition technique.
Dynamic Fuzzy-Logic Based Path Planning for Mobility-Assisted Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks

Mobile anchor path planning techniques have provided as an alternative option for node localization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In such context, path planning is a movement pattern where a mobile anchor node’s movement is designed in order to achieve a maximum localization ratio possible with a minimum error rate. Typically, the mobility path planning is designed in advance, which is applicable when the mobile anchor has sufficient sources of energy and time. However, when the mobility movement is restricted or limited, a dynamic path planning design is needed. This paper proposes a novel distributed range-free movement mechanism for mobility-assisted localization in WSNs when the mobile anchor’s movement is limited. The designed movement is formed in real-time pattern using a fuzzy-logic approach based on the information received from the network and the nodes’ deployment. Our proposed model, Fuzzy-Logic based Path Planning for mobile anchor-assisted Localization in WSNs (FLPPL), offers superior results in several metrics including both localization accuracy and localization ratio in comparison to other similar works.
Enhanced efficiency of pSV1-RecA-based BAC recombineering.

The use of BAC clones to analyze the regulation of gene expression in transgenic mice has been hindered by the lack of powerful and reliable methods for their modification, compared to those available for YAC clones. Several groups have reported the development of methods for the modification of BAC clones by homologous recombination (3), and we have used the method described by Yang et al. (7) to introduce two reporter genes into BAC clones containing the Mrf4/Myf5 locus, which encodes two of the key transcription factors involved in skeletal muscle development. The targeted modification procedure developed by Yang et al. (7) is based on the pSV1-RecA shuttle vector that carries: (i) a tetracycline (TET) resistance gene for positive and negative selection; (ii) the RecA gene, which provides the enzymatic machinery needed for homologous recombination in E. coli; and (iii) a temperature-sensitive origin of replication that allows for the selection of vector DNA that has integrated into the BAC carried in the host cell. A modifying cassette containing 5′ and 3′ homology arms and the desired modification is subcloned into this vector, which is then used to transform BACcontaining E. coli. Growth on chloramphenicol (CAM) and TET plates at 30°C yields colonies that contain wildtype BAC that carry the CAM resistance gene and free shuttle vector. Homologous recombination results in the integration of the shuttle vector into the BAC clone, which gives rise to a co-integrate BAC and places shuttle vector sequences under the control of the BAC origin of replication. By shifting the temperature to 43°C, only cells containing co-integrate BAC clones should be TET-resistant. Growth at 43°C overnight of co-integrate BAC clones in the presence of CAM results in the formation of resolved BAC clones because of a second recombination event that removes the shuttle vector backbone sequences generating wild-type or modified BAC clones. Plating these colonies onto CAM/fusaric acid (FA) selects against TET-containing vectors; thus, only resolved BAC clones grow. However, shuttle vector replication is not completely suppressed at 43°C, and most of the colonies that grow after the temperature shift contain wild-type BAC and free shuttle vectors instead of co-integrate BAC clones. Where the locus to be modified shows low recombination frequencies, this method beBenchmarks