Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Panarchy: Discontinuities Reveal Similarities in the Dynamic System Structure of Ecological and Social Systems

In this paper, we review the empirical evidence of discontinuous distributions in complex systems within the context of panarchy theory and discuss the significance of discontinuities for understanding emergent properties such as resilience. Over specific spatial-temporal scale ranges, complex systems can configure in a variety of regimes, each defined by a characteristic set of self-organized structures and processes. A system may remain within a regime or dramatically shift to another regime. Understanding the drivers of regime shifts has provided critical insight into system structure and resilience. Although analyses of regime shifts have tended to focus on the system level, new evidence suggests that the same system behaviors operate within scales. In essence, complex systems exhibit multiple dynamic regimes nested within the larger system, each of which operates at a particular scale. Discrete size classes observed in variables in complex systems are evidence of these multiple regimes within complex systems, and the discontinuities between size classes indicate changes in scale.
Time Estimation Using Floating Car Data Ra Sevlian

This project explores the use of machine learning techniques to accurately predict travel times in city streets and highways using oating car data (location information of user vehicles on a road network). The aim of this report is twofold, rst we present a general architecture of solving this problem, then present and evaluate few techniques on real oating car data gathered over a month on a 5 Km highway in New Delhi.
Children's Behavior During Immunization Injections: A Principle Components Analysis

Observational assessment is an important component of a comprehensive evaluation of children's procedural pain. An understanding of children's behavior during painful procedures can inform the structure of these measures and is important in the development of effective interventions. This study used principle components analyses to evaluate the structure of children's behavior during routine immunizations. Videotapes of 159 children undergoing routine immunizations were coded using the Child-Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale (Blount et al., 1989). Results indicated a 4-component solution was the most appropriate categorization and accounted for 61.2% of the variance in children's behavior. The first 3 components represented “verbal fear” (seeking emotional support, verbal fear, information seeking), “vocal pain” (cry, verbal resistance, verbal pain), and “escape behavior” (need for restraint, flail). The final component, “other verbal behavior” consisted of nonprocedural talk and negative verbal emotion. Taken together, the preliminary results of the correlational analyses and the subsequent principal components analyses support the assertion that children's distress is a multidimensional experience and should be evaluated as such. Attention to multiple dimensions of distress is important in the evaluation of interventions as they may differentially target these dimensions.
HQ-Tree: A distributed spatial index based on Hadoop

In this paper, we propose a novel spatial data index based on Hadoop: HQ-Tree. In HQ-Tree, we use PR QuadTree to solve the problem of poor efficiency in parallel processing, which is caused by data insertion order and space overlapping. For the problem that HDFS cannot support random write, we propose an updating mechanism, called "Copy Write", to support the index update. Additionally, HQ-Tree employs a two-level index caching mechanism to reduce the cost of network transferring and I/O operations. Finally, we develop MapReduce-based algorithms, which are able to significantly enhance the efficiency of index creation and query. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods.
The Missing Link: Processing Variation in Dialogical Evaluation

This article is a comment on ‘Dialogue as a Democratizing Evaluation Method’ by Katherine Ryan and Lizanne DeStefano. Their insightful paper prompted us to reflect on several difficult issues at the core of the ‘dialogical paradigm’ of evaluation. Our reflections focus on four issues: (1) dialogue as a democratizing process, (2) representativeness and participation, (3) the missing link between variation and selection in dialogical evaluation, and (4) the role of the evaluator. Our main argument is that dialogical democracy is excellent for raising awareness and a rich variation of views and ideas, but it does not help in retaining that variation for subsequent policy processes. Research into dialogical and participatory democracy must pay more attention to this missing link. The paradox that needs to be addressed, we argue, is that variation can be retained only when dialogical evaluation also supports selection and condensation processes. The article concludes with an outline of the evaluator's role and tools in providing the missing link.
Stakeholder Mining and Its Application to News Comparison

In this paper, we propose a novel stakeholder mining mechanism for analyzing bias in news articles by comparing descriptions of stakeholders. Our mechanism is based on the presumption that interests often induce bias of news agencies. As we use the term, a ``stakeholder'' is a participant in an event described in a news article who should have some relationships with other participants in the article. Our approach attempts to elucidate bias of articles from three aspects: stakeholders, interests of stakeholders, and the descriptive polarity of each stakeholder. Mining of stakeholders and their interests is achieved by analysis of sentence structure and the use of Relationship WordNet, a lexical resource that we developed. For analyzing polarities of stakeholder descriptions, we propose an opinion mining method based on the lexical resource Senti WordNet. We also describe an application system we developed for news comparison based on the mining mechanism. This paper presents a user study to validate the proposed methods.
Video Versus Reality: Infants' Attention and Affective Responses to Video and Live Presentations

Television viewing by infants has become very common, yet relatively little is known about infants' reactions to video compared to live events. We conducted two experiments in order to compare 9- or 10-month-old infants' behavioral reactions to live events and video presentations of those events. In the first experiment, infants' were shown video and live presentations shown consecutively; their affective reactions were consistent, indicating that video conveys meaning and emotional impact even in infancy. However, infants generally looked longer at, reached more to, showed more interest in, and exhibited more fear to the real stimuli. In a second experiment, infants were shown identical live and video events simultaneously; they looked much longer at the live presentations, further confirming that they distinguished live events from video and preferred to watch real events. Implications for infants' television viewing and the use of video images in infancy research are discussed.
A Pre-post Survey Analysis of Satisfaction with Health Care and Medical Mistrust after Patient Navigation for American Indian Cancer Patients

Purpose. To assess the impact of patient navigation (PN) on satisfaction with health care and medical mistrust among American Indians (AI) undergoing cancer treatment. Methods. This was a pre-post cohort survey study of 52 AI cancer patients who participated in a culturally-tailored PN program during their cancer treatment. Surveys were administered prior to and after cancer treatment assessing medical mistrust and satisfaction with health care using two Likert-type scales. Results. Participation refusal rate was 7%. Mean scale scores for satisfaction with health care were significantly improved after PN compared with pre-navigation (p<.0001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). There was no significant difference in the mean scale scores for medical mistrust after PN compared with those observed prior to treatment (p=.13). Conclusions. American Indian cancer patients who received PN services during their cancer treatment showed improvement in levels of satisfaction with health. However, no improvements were observed in levels of medical mistrust.
Antenna Tilt Assignment for Three-Dimensional Beamforming in Multiuser Systems

In recent years, many approaches have been introduced in next generation (5G) wireless cellular networks in response to the demands for higher data rates and broader coverage. In this paper, a novel downlink three-dimensional (3D) beamforming scheme is proposed for the 5G multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system. This scheme separates beams in the so-called elevation domain via base station (BS) antenna tilt assignment, with the objective of reducing inter-user interference. The key to this scheme is controlling the vertical radiation pattern of BS antennas, which is realized by more efficient use of a two-dimensional (2D) planar antenna array. Moreover, we give the optimal solution of 3D beamforming to maximize the users average data rate, including adjustments of the antenna array and the corresponding multiuser selection algorithm. This can be used as a systematic framework for any given 3D scenario to mitigate inter-user interference. Our simulation results demonstrate the performance benefits in terms of transmission rate in comparison with traditional schemes.
Macular structure and function and the development of retinopathy in diabetes

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between structural and functional changes identified with the Rarebit fovea test (RFT) in diabetic patients over two years. In addition, we evaluated whether the RFT changes at baseline can predict vascular changes detectable by conventional screening methods four to six years later.
Understanding Eye Movements in Reading.

The primary characteristics of eye movements during reading are reviewed and 4 areas are summarized: (a) the span of effective vision, (b) integration of information across eye movements, (c) the decision of where to fixation next, and (d) the decision of when to move the eyes. In addition, some current controversies about eye movements and reading are discussed.
LONLIES: Estimating Property Values for Long Tail Entities

Web search engines often retrieve answers for queries about popular entities from a growing knowledge base that is populated by a continuous information extraction process. However, less popular entities are not frequently mentioned on the web and are generally interesting to fewer users; these entities reside on the long tail of information. Traditional knowledge base construction techniques that rely on the high frequency of entity mentions to extract accurate facts about these mentions have little success with entities that have low textual support. We present Lonlies, a system for estimating property values of long tail entities by leveraging their relationships to head topics and entities. We demonstrate (1) how Lonlies builds communities of entities that are relevant to a long tail entity utilizing a text corpus and a knowledge base; (2) how Lonlies determines which communities to use in the estimation process; (3) how we aggregate estimates from community entities to produce final estimates, and (4) how users interact with Lonlies to provide feedback to improve the final estimation results.
Dental enamel irradiated with infrared diode laser and photo-absorbing cream: part 2--EDX study.

OBJECTIVE The effects of laser-induced compositional changes on the enamel were investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (micro-EDX). After cariogenic challenge, we administered treatment of low-level infrared diode laser and a photo-absorbing cream (used to intensify the superficial light absorption). BACKGROUND DATA Dental caries is considered the most prevalent oral disease. A simple and noninvasive caries preventive regimen is treating tooth enamel with a laser, either alone or in combination with fluoride, which reduces enamel solubility and dissolution rates. High power lasers are still not widely used in private practice. Low-power near-infrared lasers may be an alternative approach. Energy-dispersive micro-EDX is a versatile and nondestructive spectroscopic technique that allows for a qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of inorganic enamel components, such as calcium and phosphorus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four extracted or exfoliated caries-free deciduous molars were divided into six groups: 1) control group (CTR-no treatment); 2) infrared laser treatment (L) (lambda = 810 nm, 100 mW/cm(2), 90 sec, 4.47 J/cm(2), 9 J); 3) infrared laser irradiation and photo-absorbing agent (CL); 4) photo-absorbing agent alone (C); 5) infrared laser irradiation and fluoridated photo-absorbing agent (FCL); and 6) fluoridated photo-absorbing agent alone (FC). Samples were analyzed using micro-EDX after two sets of treatments and pH cycling cariogenic challenges. RESULTS The CL group showed statistically significant increases in calcium and phosphorus (wt%) compared with the CTR group. The Ca/P ratio was similar in the FCL and CTR groups. There was a significant laser-induced reduction compared with the CTR group, and there was a possible modification of the organic balance content in enamel treated with laser and cream. CONCLUSION micro-EDX may be able to detect compositional changes in mineral phases of lased enamel under cariogenic challenge. Our results suggest that with a combined laser and photo-absorbing agent (CL) treatment, there was a possible disorganization of organic content in the tooth enamel with hydroxyapatite crystal reordering and reorganization.
Notes on Concurrent Engineering

A basic set of principles from concurrent engineering is synthesized. These principles, when coupled with COSMOS, a management model, can be a very powerful tool in helping to reengineer the software development process. The combined model is applied to the system requirement phase, and a framework for software process reengineering is suggested. >
Temporal and Spatial Dimensions of Strategizing

This paper extends existing research on time and space in strategizing by combining the understanding of temporal-spatial activities from practice theory with the strategy-as-practice perspective. In practice theory, temporal dimensions incorporate the past, present, and future of temporality and objective time, while spatial dimensions involve the places and paths of spatiality and objective space. These dimensions are used to uncover patterns of everyday activities in service provision and the related deliberate and non-deliberate strategizing in a transnational professional service firm. Three overall patterns of practices are identified as a result, and a framework of the temporal and spatial dimensions of strategizing is developed. The contribution of this study is to identify how strategy is realized, modified and developed, simultaneously, through distributed agency. Attention to the temporal-spatial dimensions helps explain the enabling and limiting factors in strategizing.
2014 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP) Symposium on Sensing, Propagation, and Wireless Networks for Healthcare Applications

This study deals with data fusion approach to search discriminating biomarker volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in body odor for individual differentiation. Particularly we have employed kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) combined with majority voting method to build up novel data fusion strategy. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC– MS) characterizes human body odor samples to find out the VOCs composition (alcohols, acids, aldehydes, esters, ketones, carbonyl compounds, sulfides and hydrocarbons etc.). Peak number and related area value of VOCs from the GC-MS spectra of body odor extract is used for analysis. GC-MS data from three experiments, based on body odor samples of four persons (different age groups) in dissimilar conditions are collected. Optimal set of peak numbers are selected with fusion approach. Linear PCA is used in validation of elected peak numbers for discrimination of individual's body odor. The opted peaks result satisfactory differentiation of individual's body odor in feature space. Thereafter biomarker VOCs are affirmed by matching corresponding peak number in GC-MS spectra. Analysis outcomes conclude particular set of biomarker VOCs for each experiment. Keywords—Data Fusion; KPCA; Body Odor; GC-MS Analysis
Relative Motion of Formation Flying with Elliptical Reference Orbit

In this paper we present the optimal control of the relative motion of formation flying consisting of two spacecrafts. One of the spacecraft is considered as the chief, orbiting the Earth on a Highly Elliptical Orbit(HEO), and the other ,orbiting the chief, is considered as the deputy. The Keplerian relative dyanmics of the formation as well as the the second zonal hamonics of the Earth’s gravitational field (J2) are studied. To study these perturbative effect the linearized true anomaly varying Tschauner-Hempel equations are augmented to include the effect of J2. We solve the nonlinear feedback optimal control of the relative motion using the state dependent Riccati Equation( SDRE). The results are validated through a nummerical example.
dentification of switched ARX models via convex optimization and xpectation maximization

This article addresses the problem of parameter identification for Switched affine AutoRegressive models with eXogenous inputs (SARX). The system includes continuous domain states that depend on discrete time-varying parameters. The identification of such systems typically results in non-convex problems that could be tackled as a mixed integer program. However, in this case, the computational complexity would be intractable in many practical applications. Another approach involves heuristics in order to deliver approximate solutions. This article proposes a three-step method based on solving a regularized convex optimization problem, followed by a clustering step, yielding a partial solution to the problem. When substituted back into the original problem, the partial solution renders it convex. Finally, this ybrid systems onvex optimization xpectation maximization convex problem is solved in the third step, yielding an approximate solution. It is found that each step significantly improves the parameter estimation results on the systems considered. A beneficial property of the method is that it relies upon only one scalar tuning parameter, to which the final results are not highly sensitive. The performance of the algorithm is compared with other methods on a simulated system, and illustrated in an experimental biological dataset of diauxic bacterial growth. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Insulin Resistance-Associated Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity Alterations in T2DM: A Resting-State fMRI Study

We aim to investigate whether decreased interhemispheric functional connectivity exists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). In addition, we sought to determine whether interhemispheric functional connectivity deficits associated with cognition and insulin resistance (IR) among T2DM patients. We compared the interhemispheric resting state functional connectivity of 32 T2DM patients and 30 healthy controls using rs-fMRI. Partial correlation coefficients were used to detect the relationship between rs-fMRI information and cognitive or clinical data. Compared with healthy controls, T2DM patients showed bidirectional alteration of functional connectivity in several brain regions. Functional connectivity values in the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and in the superior frontal gyrus were inversely correlated with Trail Making Test-B score of patients. Notably, insulin resistance (log homeostasis model assessment-IR) negatively correlated with functional connectivity in the MTG of patients. In conclusion, T2DM patients exhibit abnormal interhemispheric functional connectivity in several default mode network regions, particularly in the MTG, and such alteration is associated with IR. Alterations in interhemispheric functional connectivity might contribute to cognitive dysfunction in T2DM patients.
A novel complementary sequence and PMEPR reduction in OFDM

This paper introduces a novel sequence called the "beta-complementary sequence" to encode orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals, with which one can substantially increase the code rate while maintaining a tight peak-to-mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR) of at most 2. Moreover, encoding schemes based on beta-complementary sequences provide very good tradeoff performance between PMEPR and code rate. This observation follows from an intrinsic property of the beta-complementary sequences considered. Furthermore, the distribution of code rate versus beta is determined, and numerical results based on these properties are presented. Finally, comparisons with the well-known Golay complementary sequences and the generalized Golay complementary sequences (called "GN-complementary sequences" in this paper) are made.
`Riveting and real — a family in the raw'

Paul Watson's 12-part documentary serial, The Family (BBC, 1974), focused on the lives of the working-class Wilkins family from Reading. Along with An American Family (PBS, 1973), The Family has been positioned as a landmark precursor to reality TV. Yet it has largely been referred to rather than analysed, and the potential relationship at work between `then' and `now' is often obscured. In seeking to (re)construct the popular reception of The Family, this article argues that it is particularly productive to `revisit' the Wilkinses right now, precisely because the growth of reality TV has led to an `opening up' of the traditional terrain of documentary studies. Drawing on new archival research, this article examines how discussion of the programme generated an expansive extratextual framework. This framework turned The Family into a cultural event, and it represents a crucial site for accessing its historical circulation — particularly with regard to discourses on `ordinary' people as television performers, and `ordinary' people turned television `stars'.
Serial Retrieval Processes in the Recovery of Order Information

The retrieval of temporal order and item information from short-term memory (STM) are examined with the cued-response speed-accuracy trade-off (CR-SAT) procedure and a complementary reaction time (RT) task. The retrieval of order information was examined with a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC), relative judgment of recency (JOR) task. Analyses of the pattern of mean RT, RT accuracy, and the overall shape of the RT distribution for correct JORs suggest that order information is retrieved by a serial retrieval mechanism. Analyses of SAT retrieval functions confirm that order information is retrieved by a recency-based, serial retrieval process. These results contrast with previous SAT analyses of STM item recognition (B. McElree & B. A. Dosher, 1989), which indicate that item information is retrieved by a parallel or direct-access mechanism. The dissociation between item and order information retrieval was further documented in a 2AFC item recognition SAT study