Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of nonlinguistic context on language production

Author(s): Barnwell, Brendan Barnett | Advisor(s): Gries, Stefan Th | Abstract: Recent usage-based approaches to linguistic theory have claimed that linguistic processing is driven by domain-general cognitive abilities which operate on a rich memory store that retains all the details of every experience with language, extracting patterns from these experiences purely on the basis of regular patterning. It has also been claimed that these mechanisms operate similarly on all levels of linguistic structure and at all stages of the human lifespan. Taken together, these claims imply the hypothesis that any dimension of experience can influence the linguistic knowledge and behavior of any language user. This dissertation tests this hypothesis. A series of experiments were conducted, each consisting of a prime phase and a test phase, using native English-speaking participants. In the prime phase, participants were exposed to combinations of linguistic structures (active and passive voice) and nonlinguistic contextual elements (colors, background music, sounds, or physical environments). The linguistic and nonlinguistic components of the experiences so created bore no semantic relationship to one another, but the pattern of cooccurrence between them was completely regular and reliable, such that, for each experimental participant, a particular syntactic voice always occurred in a particular nonlinguistic context. Participants then performed a picture description task, in which each picture was accompanied by one of the nonlinguistic contexts to which they had previously been exposed. The hypothesis was that, when describing each picture, participants should be more likely to use the syntactic voice which had previously been associated with the nonlinguistic context which accompanied the picture. This hypothesis was not supported by the data. Instead, it was found that the only consistently significant factor influencing the syntactic voice of participants' responses was the syntactic voice of their own previous responses: people were more likely to keep using whatever voice they had already been using. In addition, in every experiment, it was found that the results were most accurately characterized by an extremely simple model using only subject-specific and picture-specific baseline response rates. These results suggest that usage-based theories have been overly optimistic in asserting that regular patterns of experience alone are sufficient to explain linguistic knowledge and behavior. Instead, it is argued that more specific constraints on linguistic processing mechanisms are needed in order to provide a fullfledged, causal account of how people's experiences affect their mental representations of language.
Parameter extraction of nano-scale MOSFETs using modified Y function method

This paper presents a new modified Y function method for parameter extraction of nano scale MOSFETs, taking into account the gate voltage dependent source-drain series resistance R<inf>SD</inf> in the linear operation regime. Two approaches have been considered. The first one explores Y function without any prior assumption on R<inf>SD</inf>(V<inf>g</inf>) while the second one assumes a linear R<inf>SD</inf>(V<inf>g</inf>) for simpler extraction. Both methods were applied to real devices and successfully extracted the parameters.
Community Structure and Collaborative Consumption: A Routine Activity Approach

More than a quarter of a century has passed since Hawley (1950) first presented his human ecological theory of community structure, a theory emphasizing the structure of sustenance activities. Yet we know of no effort to apply that theory to consumption even though it is clearly a human sustenance activity. We believe that Hawley's framework offers much more than an opportunity to translate old theories into new terms, since it also provides a means of thinking about consumer activities as they related to one another and to other activities in social life. This paper is concerned specifically with acts of collaborative consumpt ion , namely, those events in which one or more persons consume economic goods or services in the process of engaging in joint activities with one or more others. ' For example, drinking beer with friends, eating meals with relatives, driving to visit someone or using a washing machine for family laundry are acts of collaborative consumption. Thus our present concern goes beyond the discrete preferences and resources of individual consumers. Rather, we take these considerations as given and proceed to examine how the structure of daily activities creates the circumstances in which collaborative consumption occurs, hence al-
A Study of the Temperature Characteristics of Vibration Mode Axes for Vibratory Cylinder Gyroscopes

The zero bias stability, which is an important performance parameter for vibratory cylinder gyroscopes, is high sensitive to temperature change. It is considered that the varying temperature makes the vibration mode axes unstable, which has significant influence on the zero bias stability. This paper will investigate this problem in detail. First, the relationships between the angular positions of vibration mode axes and the zero bias are analyzed. Secondly, the thermal-modal model of the cylinder resonator with several defects such as mass imbalance, frequency split (FS), and geometry errors are developed by ANSYS. Simulation results show that with the increase of temperature, angular positions of the vibration mode axes obviously change, which leads to a dramatic zero bias drift. Finally, several major influence factors on the angular position stability of vibration mode axes, including frequency split, geometry errors, thermal elastic modulus coefficient (TEMC) and thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) are analyzed in detail. Simulation results in this paper will be helpful for deep understanding of the drift principle of zero bias induced by temperature for vibratory cylinder gyroscopes and also be helpful for further temperature compensation or control.
Modeling and control of an industrial accumulator in a web transport system

This paper presents the study of an industrial accumulator (see figure 1) used in a web transport system. Different models based on physical laws have been built in order to understand the main characteristics of the accumulator and its behavior during transient phases. A mechanical equation is used for the calculation of the velocity of a roll and different approaches are tested to calculate the web tension due to roll traction. The selected approach uses an empirical law to express the web tension. This law is defined using the inverse transmissibility of the tension and the difference of velocities between consecutive rolls. This empirical law aims to respect the mechanical behavior of the accumulator, which is not realized in classical web transport modeling. The model obtained is non-linear and of high order. Moreover, in practice only one actuator is available to maintain the web tension approximately constant in the whole accumulator. Experiments and simulations show that the existing industrial PI control of the web tension is not satisfactory. The comparison of the PI control with a modern control strategy (H∞ robust control) is presented. To improve the accumulator operation, new approaches are also suggested, such as modifying the input parameter or introducing a mechanical tension regulator.
Automated Estimation of Forest Stand Age Using Vegetation Change Tracker and Machine Learning

The ability to automatically delineate forest stands and determine their age is useful to natural resources professionals. Vegetation Change Tracker (VCT) is an algorithm that uses time series stacks of Landsat images to identify forest disturbances. However, additional computation is required to predict type of disturbance. This paper evaluates the usefulness of machine learning tools, such as support vector machine (SVM), for reclassifying VCT disturbances as stand clearing disturbances or partial disturbances. Overall accuracy for a 2010 VCT disturbance map of the entire state of Virginia was determined to be 87 percent. 100 percent of 2010 Virginia clearcut harvests recorded in a reference dataset were classified as disturbances by VCT. Neighboring disturbed pixels, as classified by VCT, were clumped together and reclassified as stand clearing disturbances or partial disturbances using SVM and variables for average disturbance magnitude and shape and size metrics of the clumped pixels, with an overall accuracy rate of 86 percent. The user’s and producer’s accuracy rates for stand clearing disturbances were 88 percent and 95 percent respectively. In addition, an algorithm was developed in R for determining years since last stand clearing disturbance for each pixel in a time series stack of reclassified VCT disturbance maps from 1984 to 2011. Neighboring pixels of the same age, in number of years since last stand clearing disturbance, were clumped together and correspond, in general, to clearcut harvest boundaries.
Position of exhalation port and mask design affect CO2 rebreathing during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation*

ObjectiveNoninvasive positive pressure ventilation may be considered a first line intervention to treat patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure. However, CO2 rebreathing from the ventilator circuit or mask may impair CO2 elimination and load the ventilatory muscles. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of exhalation port location and mask design on CO2 rebreathing during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. DesignLung model evaluation. SettingExperimental laboratory of a large university-affiliated hospital. SubjectsA dual-chamber test lung was used to simulate the ventilatory mechanics of a patient with obstructive lung disease. InterventionHypercapnic respiratory failure (end-tidal CO2 of 75 mm Hg) and obstructive lung disease were simulated in a double-chamber lung model. A facial mask (inner volume of 165 mL) with exhalation port within the mask (Facial-MEP) or the same mask with exhalation port in the ventilator circuit (Facial-WS) and a total face mask with exhalation port within the mask (inner volume 875 mL, Total Face) were tested during continuous positive airway pressure and pressure support ventilation provided by a single-limb circuit ventilator at the same frequency and tidal volume. Measurements and Main ResultsA capnometer and a flow transducer were placed in the lung model upper airway to measure the volume of CO2 rebreathed and tidal volume (Vt). The inspiratory load was estimated from the pressure variation in the lung model driving chamber (PDR). Volume of CO2 rebreathed was smaller during Facial-MEP compared with the other masks in all tested conditions (p < .001). The Vt and PDR necessary to decrease end-tidal CO2 20% (from 75 to 60 mm Hg) was different among the tested masks (Facial-MEP, Vt 701 ± 9 mL, PDR 8.1 ± 0.1 cm H2O/sec; Facial-WS, Vt 745 ± 9 mL, PDR 10.2 ± 0.1 cm H2O/sec; Total Face, Vt 790 ± 12 mL, PDR 11.4 ± 0.2 cm H2O/sec, p < .001). ConclusionFacial-MEP with its exhalation port within the mask and the smallest mask volume demonstrated less rebreathed CO2 and a lower PDR than either the Facial-WS or Total Face masks. Additional studies are necessary to confirm if mask design can clinically affect patient’s inspiratory effort during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.
PHYLOGENIES WITHOUT FOSSILS

Phylogenies that are reconstructed without fossil material often contain approximate dates for lineage splitting. For example, particular nodes on molecular phylogenies may be dated by known geographic events that caused lineages to split, thereby calibrating a molecular clock that is used to date other nodes. On the one hand, such phylogenies contain no information about lineages that have become extinct. On the other hand, they do provide a potentially useful testing ground for ideas about evolutionary processes. Here we first ask what such reconstructed phylogenies should be expected to look like under a birth‐death process in which the birth and death parameters of lineages remain constant through time. We show that it is possible to estimate both the birth and death rates of lineages from the reconstructed phylogenies, even though they contain no explicit information about extinct lineages. We also show how such phylogenies can reveal mass extinctions and how their characteristic footprint can be distinguished from similar ones produced by density‐dependent cladogenesis.
Intrinsic Plagiarism Detection Using Character Trigram Distance Scores - Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2011

In this paper, we describe a novel approach to intrinsic plagiarism de- tection. Each suspicious document is divided into a series of consecutive, po- tentially overlapping 'windows' of equal size. These are represented by vectors containing the relative frequencies of a predetermined set of high-frequency char- acter trigrams. Subsequently, a distance matrix is set up in which each of the document's windows is compared to each other window. The distance measure used is a symmetric adaptation of the normalized distance (nd1) proposed by Stamatatos (17). Finally, an algorithm for outlier detection in multivariate data (based on Principal Components Analysis) is applied to the distance matrix in or- der to detect plagiarized sections. In the PAN-PC-2011 competition, this system (second place) achieved a competitive recall (.4279) but only reached a plagdet of . 1679 due to a disappointing precision (.1075).
Combining two point clouds generated from depth camera

Depth Cameras are widely used in mobile robotics recently. Combining two frames is the key step to construct a complete 3D map, and the relative pose between two views w.r. t two frames is needed. 3D point pairs are necessary for computing 6DOF pose transformation. In this paper, a method for finding correspondences of two point clouds is proposed, and the advantages of depth camera are taken fully. The idea of this approach comes from the fact that people pay more attentions to some key points when they watch an environment. Point pairs are generated from just points around the feature points, and these pairs are corresponded accurately and the number of pairs is sufficient to compute relative pose. Firstly, the algorithm for matching features from intensity image is proposed. Secondly, 3D point pairs are obtained according to the feature positions. Lastly, two point clouds are registered based on the relative pose computed. The experiments demonstrate the efficiency and the effectiveness of the approach.
Conjugacy of Spontaneous Blinks in Man : Eyelid Kinematics Exhibit Bilateral Symmetry

Results. Both the intraocular and extraocular PSX materials manifested almost identical reactivity to lectins, which indicated that glycoconjugates in the PSX material contained with sugar residues of galactose (PNA, RGA120), a-mannose (ConA), and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (WGA). On the other hand, it was indicated that sugar residues of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (DBA, SBA) and fucose (UEA-I, Lotus) were absent. Granular inclusions and microfibrils in the capsule and ocular zonules were stained similarly and weakly.
Cultural similarity and dissimilarity in intercultural conflicts

This study investigated cultural similarity and dissimilarity in intercultural conflicts, by focusing on how a mediator understands cultural difference in the process of mediation. Intercultural conflict occurs when cultural worldviews of an individual or group are incompatible with the worldviews of another cultural group within the same community. Special interest has been on social inequality, stereotypes and ingroup outgroup tension as causes of intercultural conflicts. Participants for this study were qualified mediators from South Africa. In order to understand their practice environment and mediation landscape in general, community conflict in South Africa was studied.
Channel Allocation & Power Control for Dynamic Spectrum Cognitive Networks using a Localized Island Genetic Algorithm

This paper formulates a distributed cross layer channel allocation-power control problem for an ad-hoc cognitive radio network in dynamic spectrum access and applies a localized variation of the island Genetic Algorithm (iGA) to solve this problem. For comparison purposes, we also implement the standard iGA, which works with global information, and compare it to the localized iGA to analyze the effect of working with partial knowledge on network performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the localized iGA results in efficient spectrum allocation.
Similarity Matching-Based Extensible Hand Gesture Recognition

This paper presents an accelerometer-based smart ring and a similarity matching-based extensible hand gesture recognition algorithm. Users can wear the ring to perform gestures in 2-D space. The accelerations of hand motions are collected by the three-axis accelerometer, which is integrated in the ring. We divide the gestures into two types, i.e., the basic gesture and the complex gesture, which can be decomposed into a basic gesture sequence. A segmentation algorithm is developed to identify individual gestures in a sequence automatically. To recognize the basic gesture, a simple but effective feature based on the average jerk is extracted. The recognized basic gesture is then encoded by a Johnson code. Finally, the complex gesture is recognized by comparing the similarity between the obtained basic gesture sequence and the stored templates. A library of eight basic gestures and 12 complex gestures is created, and the users can easily define and add their own gestures without pretraining. The model discussed in this paper achieves a basic gesture recognition rate of 98.9% and a complex gesture recognition rate of 97.2%. Compared with complete matching, the proposed algorithm based on similarity matching improves the complex gesture recognition rate ~12%. Experimental results have successfully validated the feasibility and effectiveness of the gesture decomposition and similarity matching-based gesture recognition algorithm.
Benchmark networks for grid integration impact studies of large PV plants

The increased amount of Photovoltaic (PV) power installed into the power system every year places this renewable way of producing electricity on the third position in the renewable sources hierarchy after hydro and wind solutions. Having significant levels of renewable power penetration into the system led to stability concerns of the entire system affecting its reliability and availability. In consequence system operators such as the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) had an immediate response imposing strict operating regulations in order to keep the system stable and harmonize the operation of the renewable plants with the entire system. For this purpose valid grid benchmarks such as IEEE 12 bus system for High Voltage (HV) and Cigré benchmark cell model for Medium Voltage (MV) have to be developed, tested together and prove that in the future power system with large PV penetration levels on every level, the system continues to be reliable and redundant.
Early risk factors for alcohol use across high school and its covariation with deviant friends.

OBJECTIVE Past research has associated childhood characteristics and experiences with alcohol use at single time points in adolescence. Other work has focused on drinking trajectories across adolescence but with risk factors typically no earlier than middle or high school. Similarly, although the connection between underage drinking and affiliation with deviant friends is well established, early risk factors for their covariation across adolescence are uncertain. The present study examines the influence of early individual and contextual factors on (a) trajectories across high school of per-occasion alcohol use and (b) the covariation of alcohol use and deviant friends over time. METHOD In a longitudinal community sample (n = 374; 51% female), temperamental disinhibition, authoritarian and authoritative parenting, and parental alcohol use were assessed during childhood, and adolescents reported on alcohol use and affiliation with deviant friends in the spring of Grades 9, 10, 11, and 12. RESULTS Early parental alcohol use predicted the intercept of adolescent drinking. Subsequent patterns of adolescent alcohol use were predicted by sex and interactions of sex and childhood disinhibition with early authoritarian parenting. Additionally, childhood disinhibition interacted with parental alcohol use to moderate the covariation of drinking and deviant friends. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight early individual and contextual risk factors for alcohol use across high school, extending previous work and underscoring the importance of developmental approaches and longitudinal techniques for understanding patterns of growth in underage drinking.
Incidence of Cerebral Microbleeds in the General Population: The Rotterdam Scan Study

Background and Purpose— Cerebral microbleeds are frequently seen in the general elderly population, but it is unknown at what rate they occur with aging and whether once present can disappear over time. Methods— As part of the Rotterdam Scan Study, 831 persons (mean age, 68.5 years) underwent repeated brain MRI with a mean interval of 3.4 years. We assessed determinants of incident microbleeds in relation to their location with multiple logistic regressions. Results— Overall prevalence of microbleeds increased from 24.4% at baseline to 28.0% at follow-up. Eighty-five persons (10.2%) developed new microbleeds. Microbleeds at baseline predicted development of new microbleeds (OR, 5.38; 95% CI, 3.34 to 8.67). In only 6 persons with microbleeds at baseline, fewer microbleeds were present at the follow-up examination. Cardiovascular risk factors, presence of lacunar infarcts, and larger white matter lesion volume at baseline were all associated with incident deep or infratentorial microbleeds, whereas people with the apolipoprotein E &egr;4/&egr;4 genotype or larger white matter lesion volume had a higher risk of incident strictly lobar microbleeds. Conclusions— Incidence of microbleeds in the general population over a 3-year interval was substantial and microbleeds rarely disappeared. Risk factors for incident microbleeds were similar to those for prevalent microbleeds and differed according to microbleed location. These results support the assessment of microbleeds on T2*-weighted MRI as a possible marker of both cerebral amyloid angiopathy and hypertensive vasculopathy progression.
Does Non-Fossil Energy Usage Lower CO 2 Emissions? Empirical Evidence from China

This paper uses an autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) to examine the dynamic impact of non-fossil energy consumption on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in China for a given level of economic growth, trade openness, and energy usage between 1965 and 2014. The results suggest that the variables are in a long-run equilibrium. ARDL estimation indicates that consumption of non-fossil energy plays a crucial role in curbing CO 2 emissions in the long run but not in the short term. The results also suggest that, in both the long and short term, energy consumption and trade openness have a negative impact on the reduction of CO 2 emissions, while gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increases CO 2 emissions only in the short term. Finally, the Granger causality test indicates a bidirectional causality between CO 2 emissions and energy consumption. In addition, this study suggests that non-fossil energy is an effective solution to mitigate CO 2 emissions, providing useful information for policy-makers wishing to reduce atmospheric CO 2 .