Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regional Cellular Environment Shapes Phenotypic Variations of Hippocampal and Neocortical Chandelier Cells

Different cortical regions processing distinct information, such as the hippocampus and the neocortex, share common cellular components and circuit motifs but form unique networks by modifying these cardinal units. Cortical circuits include diverse types of GABAergic interneurons (INs) that shape activity of excitatory principal neurons (PNs). Canonical IN types conserved across distinct cortical regions have been defined by their morphological, electrophysiological, and neurochemical properties. However, it remains largely unknown whether canonical IN types undergo specific modifications in distinct cortical regions and display “regional variants. ” It is also poorly understood whether such phenotypic variations are shaped by early specification or regional cellular environment. The chandelier cell (ChC) is a highly stereotyped IN type that innervates axon initial segments of PNs and thus serves as a good model with which to address this issue. Here, we show that Cadherin-6 (Cdh6), a homophilic cell adhesion molecule, is a reliable marker of ChCs and Cdh6-CreER mice (both sexes) provide genetic access to hippocampal ChCs (h-ChCs). We demonstrate that, compared with neocortical ChCs (nc-ChCs), h-ChCs cover twice as much area and innervate twice as many PNs. Interestingly, a subclass of h-ChCs exhibits calretinin (CR) expression, which is not found in nc-ChCs. Furthermore, we find that h-ChCs appear to be born earlier than nc-ChCs. Surprisingly, despite the difference in temporal origins, ChCs display host-region-dependent axonal/synaptic organization and CR expression when transplanted heterotopically. These results suggest that local cellular environment plays a critical role in shaping terminal phenotypes of regional IN variants in the hippocampus and the neocortex. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Canonical interneuron (IN) types conserved across distinct cortical regions such as the hippocampus and the neocortex are defined by morphology, physiology, and gene expression. However, it remains unknown whether they display phenotypic variations in different cortical regions. In addition, it is unclear whether terminal phenotypes of regional IN variants belonging to a canonical IN type are determined intrinsically or extrinsically. Our results provide evidence of striking differences in axonal/synaptic organization and calretinin expression between hippocampal chandelier cells (ChCs) and neocortical ChCs. They also reveal that local cellular environment in distinct cortical regions regulates these terminal phenotypes. Therefore, our study suggests that local cortical environment shapes the phenotypes of regional IN variants, which may be required for unique circuit operations in distinct cortical regions.
Practical Limitations of Break-Even Theory

A five-year expenditure profile of a company, ‘Buni Bricks and Blocks Industry Nigeria Ltd.’, was studied alongside its incomes for the same period. The objective is to determine the cost / revenue interactions on break-even charts. These charts were obtained for the five years studied. Among the practical realities discovered include: the sales revenue and total cost were not linear, two or more break-even points were found to exist, some costs fall under both fixed and variable costs, and beyond certain optimum production levels, sales revenue decreases sharply and total cost also increases.
Health Care Decisions as a Family Matter: Intrahousehold Education Externalities and the Utilization of Health Services

The author is concerned with the role of education as a determinant of health care choices. His central premise is that utilization of health services is determined not solely by an individual's own education, but rather by a notion of effective education, which incorporates the educational attainment of other household members. The author sets out a general framework for representing intra-household education externalities, and proposes a number of specific hypotheses concerning the way in which the education of different household members affects health care choices. He tests these hypotheses on data from Mozambique, focusing on maternity services and child immunizations. The author draws five major conclusions from the analysis. First, while maternal education seems to be the education variable of primary importance for the health care choices under consideration, the education of other household members has a significant and sometimes large effect. Second, his analysis suggests that while the education of the person (non-spouse) in the household with the highest-level education is important, the level of education of additional household members does not have an impact on health care choices. Third, the data provide no evidence of a gender difference in education externalities. Fourth, the author examines the merits of two alternative representations of the education externality, but is unable to conclude unambiguously in favor of one specification over the other. Finally, although the analysis highlights the importance of both education and a number of other explanatory variables in understanding health care choices, spatial fixed effects remain highly significant.
Using a Study to Assess User eXperience Evaluation Methods from the Point of View of Users

User eXperience (UX) refers to a holistic perspective and an enrichment of traditional quality models with non-utilitarian concepts, such as fun, joy, pleasure or hedonic value. In order to evaluate UX, several methods have been proposed that range from using questionnaires to employing biometrics to evaluate the usersâ emotions. However, few of these UX evaluation methods are comfortable or easy to use from the point of view of users. This paper presents a study in which 10 users applied the Expressing Emotions and Experiences (3E) and EmoCards methods. While 3E provides a template for reporting the experience, the EmoCards provides a set of cards illustrating emotions as helping material. We have analyzed the features that make it easy or difficult for users to employ these methods, the usersâ preference and the number of identified problems. Besides showing an application example of the methods to aid software practitioners in future evaluations, we identified that the EmoCards allowed users to identify more problems, but 3E was preferred do to its ease of use and freedom when describing an emotion and its causes.
Particle Swarm Optimization Quadrotor Control for Cooperative Aerial Transportation of Deformable Linear Objects

ABSTRACT We present a cooperative aerial robot system for the transportation of hoses. The hose–robot attachment makes the whole system physically interconnected but not rigid, so that control design becomes a difficult nonlinear optimization problem. The hose in quasistationary state can be modeled by sections of catenary curves. We use proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers for both quadrotor attitude and trajectory control, tuned by particle swarm optimization (PSO). In this work we test PSO minimizing an energy function to achieve the PID controller tuning for horizontal motion of quadrotor teams transporting hoses under different stress conditions.
Grandfathers' and Grandmothers' Satisfaction with the Grandparenting Role: Seeking New Answers to Old Questions

A total of 146 Australian grandparents rated their level of satisfaction with grandparenthood as an overall experience and ranked the satisfaction they gained from this role relative to other significant roles in adult life including parenthood, marriage and career. In contrast to the results of a seminal study conducted in the United States three decades ago (Neugarten & Weinstein, 1964), only a small minority (8%) were more dissatisfied than satisfied with the grandparenting role. On the other hand, in line with Neugarten and Weinstein's results, but in contrast to the results of two intervening studies of North American grandparents (Thomas 1986, 1989), there were no significant differences between grandfathers' and grandmothers' levels of satisfaction with grandparenting. Frequent contact with grandchildren predicted high levels of satisfaction in grandparents of both genders, whereas there were no effects of the grandparent's own age or marital status, or of the grandchildren's gender, age or number. In addition to the two main gratifications of biological renewal and emotional fulfillment reported by Neugarten and Weinstein, these older Australians frequently reported the opportunities to observe their grandchildren's development and share in their activities as the best features of grandparenthood, while lack of frequent enough contact was the worst feature.
Stability of the preclinical episodic memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease.

We sought to determine the course of the preclinical episodic memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease. Using data from a population-based study, we compared persons who developed Alzheimer's disease n = 15) with persons who were non-demented n = 105) 6 and 3 years prior to the diagnosis of dementia. Participants were tested on tasks assessing episodic memory free recall and recognition of words) and short-term memory digit span). The incident Alzheimer's disease cases performed more poorly than their non-demented counterparts both 3 and 6 years before diagnosis on recall and recognition. There were no group differences in either forward or backward digit span. The selective impairment of episodic memory before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is consistent with the view that early changes in the hippocampal complex play an important role in the memory deficit in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. On both preclinical measurement occasions, recall and recognition made independent contributions to group classification in logistic regression analyses. However, there was no evidence for accelerated decline of episodic memory in the incident Alzheimer's disease group from 6 to 3 years before diagnosis. These results indicate that Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a long preclinical period during which episodic memory deficits are detectable. The magnitude of these deficits appears to be quite stable, at least up to 3 years before diagnosis. This may reflect the fact that those biological events that eventually result in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease e.g. the appearance of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles) accumulate at a relatively slow rate.
Automated, simultaneous microdetermination of calcium and magnesium by atomic absorption.

A procedure is described for the simultaneous, automatic determination of serum calcium and magnesium with the AutoAnalyzer, and a dual-channel, double-beam atomic absorption spectrophotometer, the IL Model 153. Advantages over existing procedures include a high rate of analysis (90 samples or 180 tests per hour) and low sample consumption (a total of 30 µl for both determinations). We have compared the new procedure with a manual one in which the Perkin-Elmer Model 303 atomic absorption spectrophotometer is used.
RnSIR: A new model of information spread in online social networks

There is a close resemblance between the dynamism of epidemic spread and information spread. For this reason, the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered(SIR) model, rooted in epidemiology, is been used to understand the information spread in online social networks. This model is based on homogeneous mixing of population, where an individual is equally likely to be infected by others. However, the degree of sparsity in interactions among the users will invalidate the homogeneous mixing concept. For this reason, SIR model fails to map the complete scenario of information spread among the users. In this paper, to fill in the gap seen in SIR, a new model RnSIR is developed. The proposed model is able to make a clear distinction between the restrained and susceptible. To this end, the new model is applied to viral marketing to understand its authenticity. The contribution is shown by the increase in spread of information reaching as far as 50% of the susceptible population in the RnSIR model, when compared to the SIR model. Although the paper discusses the dynamism of information spread in online social networks, the proposed model can be used to understand the spread of epidemics, spread of computer virus, rumors and also analyze the role of users.
Prevalence of CGG expansions of the FMR1 gene in a US population‐based sample

The primary goal of this study was to calculate the prevalence of the premutation of the FMR1 gene and of the “gray zone” using a population‐based sample of older adults in Wisconsin (n = 6,747 samples screened). Compared with past research, prevalence was relatively high (1 in 151 females and 1 in 468 males for the premutation and 1 in 35 females and 1 in 42 males for the gray zone as defined by 45–54 CGG repeats). A secondary study goal was to describe characteristics of individuals found to have the premutation (n = 30, 7 males and 23 females). We found that premutation carriers had a significantly higher rate of divorce than controls, as well as higher rates of symptoms that might be indicative of fragile X‐associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS; numbness, dizziness/faintness) and fragile X primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI; age at last menstrual period). Although not statistically significant, premutation carriers were twice as likely to have a child with disability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of training design to applying trained skills on the job in the public health sector: Case study in Ethiopia

This paper focuses on the transfer of health management information system (HMIS) training delivered to health workers in Oromia region of Ethiopia. The training aimed at introducing and applying computer based HMIS in the public health care of the region. This research explores factors that affect transfer of the knowledge and skill gained in the training to the work place and suggests approaches to alleviate some of the obstacles. Qualitative interpretative method was used to collect data and the data is analyzed based on trainees' characteristics, training design and work environment. The study identified lack of managerial support at the working place as well as absence of prior computer knowledge and skill that impede the transfer of training to the job. The training also did not consider these when it was designed rather the same training was delivered to all trainees. The study suggests conducting situational analysis to understand the trainees' characteristics and their work environment. The situational analysis will help to adjust the training based on the types of trainees, which could alleviate lack of managerial support to allocate resource, lack of adequate support, absence of prior computer knowledge and skills. Furthermore, the inadequacy of technical support might be alleviated by involving staff who have better IT competence and local IT private companies to the training to use them as local support staff.
Different Measures of Structural Similarity Tap Different Aspects of Visual Object Processing

The structural similarity of objects has been an important variable in explaining why some objects are easier to categorize at a superordinate level than to individuate, and also why some patients with brain injury have more difficulties in recognizing natural (structurally similar) objects than artifacts (structurally distinct objects). In spite of its merits as an explanatory variable, structural similarity is not a unitary construct, and it has been operationalized in different ways. Furthermore, even though measures of structural similarity have been successful in explaining task and category-effects, this has been based more on implication than on direct empirical demonstrations. Here, the direct influence of two different measures of structural similarity, contour overlap and within-item structural diversity, on object individuation (object decision) and superordinate categorization performance is examined. Both measures can account for performance differences across objects, but in different conditions. It is argued that this reflects differences between the measures in whether they tap: (i) global or local shape characteristics, and (ii) between- or within-category structural similarity.
Complete Genome Sequence of Campylobacter jejuni RM1246-ERRC, Which Exhibits Resistance to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni strain RM1246-ERRC is a clinical isolate. In laboratory experiments, RM1246-ERRC exhibited greater resistance to the antimicrobial effects of quaternary ammonium compounds than other C. jejuni strains. The chromosome of RM1246-ERRC is 1,659,694 bp with a G+C content of 30.56%. The strain also possesses a 45,197-bp plasmid.
Negotiation in information systems action research

The paper discusses the gradual negotiation process involved in the resolution of the initiative dilemma of IS action research. This dilemma occurs when the researcher faces the decision to either take the initiative to define an opportunity for generating knowledge, and then try to find possible client organisations, or to leave this initiative to client organisations and tackle problems proposed by them. The first option may lead to the definition of a research project that does not meet the interests of client organisations, while the second may lead to a research topic beyond the researcher's area of interest or area of expertise. The dilemma is resolved through a process of negotiation. The paper proposes two models to explain this negotiation process and to resolve this dilemma: a model of the overall negotiation process, and a model of the cyclical information exchange that supports this process.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Biospecimen Program: NHANES III (1988-1994) and NHANES 1999-2014.

BACKGROUND The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey's 9NHANES) biospecimena program was formed to manage the collection of biospecimena (including serum, plasma, urine, and DNA) from NHANES cycles, the storage of biospecimens in NHANES biospecimens, accessing of biospecimens by researchers and the providing of resulting data to future researchers. Data from biospeceimen research can be combined with existing NHANES data. OBJECTIVE This report provides background on the development of NHANES biorepositories and describes the collection, processing, and storing of biospecimens; ethical considerations and informed consent; and the proposal process for accessing biospecimens and resulting data. The number and types of biospecimens collected in each survey cycle from NHANES III (1988- 1994) through NHANES 1999-2014 are discussed so that researchers can understand what biospecimens are available if they are considering using NHANES biospecimens in their research.
Comparison of C-S Lyase in Lentinus edodes and Allium sativum

The characteristics of C-S lyase in Lentinus edodes (shiitake) were compared with those in Allium sativum (garlic). C-S lyase mRNA from shiitake was hybridized with the garlic C-S lyase cDNA fragment, being almost the same length as that from garlic. The isoelectric point of the C-S lyase from shiitake was between pH 4 and 5, while that from garlic was over a wider range between pH 4 and 8. Different from the C-S lyase from garlic, that from shiitake was not a glycoprotein without being stained by PAS, and was not bound to the anti-garlic C-S lyase antibody. Similar to garlic C-S lyase, shiitake C-S lyase comprised a homodimer, and its molecular mass was 84 kDa. However, the N-terminal amino acid sequences of each subunit of shiitake C-S lyase were totally different from those of garlic C-S lyase.
Upper limb rehabilitation of stroke patients using Kinect and computer games

Stroke is a leading cause of death and adult disability in the United States. Survivors lose abilities that were controlled by the affected area of the brain. Rehabilitation therapy is administered to help survivors regain control of lost functional abilities. The number of sessions that stroke survivors attend are limited to the availability of a clinic close to their residence and the amount of time friends and family can devote to help them commute, as most are incapable of driving. Home-based therapy using virtual reality and computer games have the potential of solving these issues, increasing the amount of independent therapy performed by patients. This thesis presents the design, development and testing of a low-cost system, potentially suitable for use in the home environment. This system is designed for rehabilitation of the impaired upper limb of stroke survivors. A Microsoft Kinect was used to track the position of the patient’s hand and the game requires the user to move the arm over increasing large areas by sliding the arm on a support. Studies were performed with six stroke survivors and five control subjects to determine the feasibility of the system. Patients played the game for 6 to 10 days and their game scores, range of motion and Fugl-Meyer scores were recorded for analysis. Statistically significant (p<0.05) differences were found between the game scores of the first and last day of the study. Furthermore, acceptability surveys revealed patients enjoyed playing the game, found this kind of therapy more enjoyable than conventional therapy and were willing to use the system in the home environment. Future work in the system will be focused on larger studies, improving the comfort of patients while playing the game, and developing new games that address cognitive issues and integrate art and therapy.
Effect of exercise intensity on relationship between VO2max and cardiac output.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is attained with the same central and peripheral factors according to the exercise intensity. METHODS Nine well-trained males performed an incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine the maximal power associated with VO2max (pVO2max) and maximal cardiac output (Qmax). Two days later, they performed two continuous cycling exercises at 100% (tlim100 = 5 min 12 s +/- 2 min 25 s) and at an intermediate work rate between the lactate threshold and pVO2max (tlimDelta50 +/- 12 min 6 s +/- 3 min 5 s). Heart rate and stroke volume (SV) were measured (by impedance) continuously during all tests. Cardiac output (Q) and arterial-venous O2 difference (a-vO2 diff) were calculated using standard equations. RESULTS Repeated measures ANOVA indicated that: 1) maximal heart rate, VE, blood lactate, and VO2 (VO2max) were not different between the three exercises but Q was lower in tlimDelta50 than in the incremental test (24.4 +/- 3.6 L x min(-1) vs 28.4 +/- 4.1 L x min(-1); P < 0.05) due to a lower SV (143 +/- 27 mL x beat(-1) vs 179 +/- 34 mL x beat(-1); P < 0.05), and 2) maximal values of a-vO2 diff were not significantly different between all the exercise protocols but reduced later in tlimDelta50 compared with tlim100 (6 min 58 s +/- 4 min 29 s vs 3 min 6 s +/- 1 min 3 s, P = 0.05). This reduction in a-vO2 diff was correlated with the arterial oxygen desaturation (SaO2 = -15.3 +/- 3.9%) in tlimDelta50 (r = -0.74, P = 0.05). CONCLUSION VO2max was not attained with the same central and peripheral factors in exhaustive exercises, and tlimDelta50 did not elicit the maximal Q. This might be taken into account if the training aim is to enhance the central factors of VO2max using exercise intensities eliciting VO2max but not necessarily Qmax.