Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
We have the programme, what next? Planning the implementation of an injury prevention programme

Background and aim The impact of any injury prevention programme is a function of the programme and its implementation. However, real world implementation of injury prevention programmes is challenging. Lower limb injuries (LLIs) are common in community Australian football (community-AF) and it is likely that many could be prevented by implementing exercise-based warm-up programmes for players. This paper describes a systematic, evidence-informed approach used to develop the implementation plan for a LLI prevention programme in community-AF in Victoria, Australia. Methods An ecological approach, using Step 5 of the Intervention Mapping health promotion programme planning protocol, was taken. Results An implementation advisory group was established to ensure the implementation plan and associated strategies were relevant to the local context. Coaches were identified as the primary programme adopters and implementers within an ecological system including players, other coaches, first-aid providers, and club and league administrators. Social Cognitive Theory was used to identify likely determinants of programme reach, adoption and implementation among coaches (eg, knowledge, beliefs, skills and environment). Diffusion of Innovations theory, the Implementation Drivers framework and available research evidence were used to identify potential implementation strategies including the use of multiple communication channels, programme resources, coach education and mentoring. Conclusions A strategic evidence-informed approach to implementing interventions will help maximise their population impact. The approach to implementation planning described in this study relied on an effective researcher-practitioner partnership and active engagement of stakeholders. The identified implementation strategies were informed by theory, evidence and an in-depth understanding of the implementation context.
Cooperative network flow problem with pricing decisions and allocation of benefits: A game theory approach

Several real problems in telecommunication, transportation, and distribution industries can be well analyzed by network flow models. In revenue management, pricing plays a primary role which increases the profit generated from a limited supply of assets. Pricing decision directly affects the amount of service or product demand. Hence, in traditional maximum flow problem, we assume that the demand of sink nodes depends on price of services or products of that nodes. We first develop a mathematical programming model for decision making of pricing by multiple owners in the maximum flow problem. Afterwards, coalitions between owners will be analyzed via different methods of cooperative game theory. A numerical example is given in order to show how these methods suggest appropriate assignments of extra revenue obtained from the cooperation among the owners.
A Cooperative Multiagent Based Spectrum Sharing

A major issue in recent wireless networks is the static utilization and allocation of the available spectrum. An effective solution to this problem is to detect the empty spectrum portions using cognitive radio devices and to share them with the neighboring users, in a dynamic and distributed manner. However, since nodes generally have limited knowledge about their environment, we suggest that cooperative behavior can provide them with the necessary information in order to solve the global issues. To this extend, we develop a novel approach for spectrum allocation using multiagent system cooperation that enables cognitive radio (or secondary user) devices to utilize the amount of available spectrum, dynamically and opportunistically. The key aspect of our design is the deployment of agents on each of the primary and secondary user devices that cooperate in order to have a better use of the spectrum. For cooperation, contract net protocol is considered, allowing spectrum to be dynamically allocated by having a series of exchange of messages amongst the devices. Simulation results show that our approach achieves up to 80% of the whole utility within the span of few messages, and provides an effective mechanism for distributed spectrum allocation.
Elevated auxin biosynthesis and transport underlie high vein density in C4 leaves

Significance Elevated leaf vein density is a key step in the evolution from C3 to C4 plants. We hypothesized that high vein density in C4 leaves is due to elevated auxin biosynthesis and transport in developing leaves. We found higher expression levels of genes promoting auxin biosynthesis and higher auxin content in developing C4 leaves than in developing C3 leaves. We also found higher auxin content and vein density in loss-of-function mutants of MYC2, an auxin biosynthesis suppressor. Moreover, treatment with an auxin biosynthesis or transport inhibitor reduced vein density in new leaves. Finally, mutations that reduce auxin efflux or influx reduce vein density. These observations support our hypothesis and provide a molecular basis for high vein density in C4 leaves. High vein density, a distinctive trait of C4 leaves, is central to both C3-to-C4 evolution and conversion of C3 to C4-like crops. We tested the hypothesis that high vein density in C4 leaves is due to elevated auxin biosynthesis and transport in developing leaves. Up-regulation of genes in auxin biosynthesis pathways and higher auxin content were found in developing C4 leaves compared with developing C3 leaves. The same observation held for maize foliar (C4) and husk (C3) leaf primordia. Moreover, auxin content and vein density were increased in loss-of-function mutants of Arabidopsis MYC2, a suppressor of auxin biosynthesis. Treatment with an auxin biosynthesis inhibitor or an auxin transport inhibitor led to much fewer veins in new leaves. Finally, both Arabidopsis thaliana auxin efflux transporter pin1 and influx transporter lax2 mutants showed reduced vein numbers. Thus, development of high leaf vein density requires elevated auxin biosynthesis and transport.
Fractional spur suppression in all-digital phase-locked loops

In this paper, fractional spur suppression techniques for all-digital PLLs (ADPLLs) are summarized. The attention is paid to the recently proposed digital-to-time converter (DTC)-based ADPLL architecture. DTC's nonlinearity dominates the fractional spurs contribution. Its influence is modeled with a pseudo phase-domain ADPLL and its relationship with the spur level is quantitatively described. An LMS algorithm is adopted to calibrate the DTC gain. Furthermore, an improved adaptive algorithm is proposed to suppress the fractional spurs.
Improving assessment in small fiber neuropathy

Interval measures at the impairment level addressing symptoms and at the activity/participation level addressing daily and social restrictions have not been developed for small fiber neuropathy (SFN). We developed an SFN‐specific Rasch‐built overall disability scale (SFN‐RODS©), an activity/participation scale at the interval level. A preliminary SFN‐RODS containing 146 activity/participation items was assessed twice (reliability studies) in 238 patients with SFN. The ordinal‐based 13‐item SFN‐symptoms inventory questionnaire (SFN‐SIQ©) and pain‐visual‐analogue‐scale were also assessed (validity studies). The pre‐SFN‐RODS and SFN‐SIQ data were subjected to the Rasch analyses. The pre‐SFN‐RODS did not meet Rasch model expectations. Based on requirements, such as misfit statistics, differential item functioning, and local dependency, items were systematically removed and model fit improved. Finally, a 32‐item SFN‐RODS© scale was constructed that fulfilled all Rasch requirements, demonstrating acceptable reliability and validity scores. The 13‐item SFN‐SIQ© was successfully transformed to an interval Rasch‐built measure fulfilling model's requirements. In conclusion, the 32‐item SFN‐RODS© is a disease‐specific interval measure suitable for detecting activity limitations and participation restrictions in patients with SFN. The 13‐item SFN‐SIQ© was transformed through Rasch to an interval measure. The use of these scales is recommended in future clinical interventional trials involving patients with SFN.
2 Hydrodynamic Focusing in Microfluidic Devices

In the last decade one of the quickest developing trends in fluid mechanics and chemical engineering has been microfluidics, covering the issues of heat, mass and momentum transfer in microscale. This corresponds directly to intensive research of nanoand microscale technology, as in such scales the system behavior shows significant deviations, compared to macroscale. That is mainly due to a drastically different surface-to-volume ratio and a minor role of buoyancy and inertia forces compared to surface forces like surface tension and adhesion. Due to the characteristic dimensions of microchannels, the flow of liquid is characterized by parallel streamlines, Reynolds number is small and only molecular diffusion is responsible for the inter-diffusion of a reagent.
Nano-sized cationic polymeric magnetic liposomes significantly improves drug delivery to the brain in rats

In recent years, cationic polymeric magnetic liposomes have shown greater stability and prolonged circulation half-life over traditional liposomes. Here, we examined the capability of cationic polymeric magnetic liposomes in delivering drugs into the brain under magnetic targeting with paclitaxel as the loaded agent. We found that the fabricated paclitaxel-loaded magnetic liposomes had a uniform diameter of 20 nm and were superparamagnetic. After they were injected into rats by the caudal vein, brain paclitaxel concentration increased 2–5 folds without magnetic targeting and 5–15 folds after magnetic targeting. The high brain concentration was maintained for more than 8 h, which was significantly longer than that for pure paclitaxel injection. When the liposomes were given via the internal carotid artery at 10% of the dose given via the caudal vein, paclitaxel in the brain was increased by 1.5 folds, indicating that intra-arterial administration enhanced delivery efficiency remarkably. Prussian blue staining of the cortex showed that the magnetic liposomes were aggregated in the cortex vasculature and the cortex cells were under magnetic targeting, indicating that the drugs were delivered across the nearly impermeable blood-brain barrier. These results showed that the nano-sized cationic polymeric magnetic liposomes are potential tools for magnetic drug delivery to the brain.
ARkanoidAR: An Augmented Reality System to Guide Biomechanical Movements at Sagittal Plane

In motor rehabilitation, the search for better methodologies is intense. In parallel, natural interaction technologies are considered to be a nice approach for rehabilitation guidance, as they can provide content for visual feedback in augmented reality. This paper describes an augmented reality physiotherapy rehabilitation system called ARkanoidAR, which was implemented using the Microsoft Kinect and whose main focus is to provide feedback for biomechanical movements, more specifically those which occurs on the sagittal plane. The main objective of this paper is to propose the ARkanoidAR and evaluate its usability in the rehabilitation context. We conceived and applied a usability quiz, and its results obtained shows that the application is efficient in guiding and engaging users to do motor rehabilitation exercises and that it is easy to be set up and handled.
Increasing scalability in algorithms for centralized and decentralized partially observable markov decision processes: efficient decision-making and coordination in uncertain environments

As agents are built for ever more complex environments, methods that consider the uncertainty in the system have strong advantages. This uncertainty is common in domains such as robot navigation, medical diagnosis and treatment, inventory management, sensor networks and e-commerce. When a single decision maker is present, the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) model is a popular and powerful choice. When choices are made in a decentralized manner by a set of decision makers, the problem can be modeled as a decentralized partially observable Markov decision process (DEC-POMDP). While POMDPs and DEC-POMDPs offer rich frameworks for sequential decision making under uncertainty, the computational complexity of each model presents an important research challenge. As a way to address this high complexity, this thesis develops several solution methods based on utilizing domain structure, memory-bounded representations and sampling. These approaches address some of the major bottlenecks for decision-making in real-world uncertain systems. The methods include a more efficient optimal algorithm for DEC-POMDPs as well as scalable approximate algorithms for POMDPs and DEC-POMDPs. Key contributions include optimizing compact representations as well as automatic structure extraction and exploitation. These approaches increase the scalability of algorithms, while also increasing their solution quality.
From System Specification to Anomaly Detection (and back)

Industrial control systems have stringent safety and security demands. High safety assurance can be obtained by specifying the system with possible faults and monitoring it to ensure these faults are properly addressed. Addressing security requires considering unpredictable attacker behavior. Anomaly detection, with its data driven approach, can detect simple unusual behavior and system-based attacks like the propagation of malware; on the other hand, anomaly detection is less suitable to detect more complex \emph{process-based} attacks and it provides little actionability in presence of an alert. The alternative to anomaly detection is to use specification-based intrusion detection, which is more suitable to detect process-based attacks, but is typically expensive to set up and less scalable. We propose to combine a lightweight formal system specification with anomaly detection, providing data-driven monitoring. The combination is based on mapping elements of the specification to elements of the network traffic. This allows extracting locations to monitor and relevant context information from the formal specification, thus semantically enriching the raised alerts and making them actionable. On the other hand, it also allows under-specification of data-based properties in the formal model; some predicates can be left uninterpreted and the monitoring can be used to learn a model for them. We demonstrate our methodology on a smart manufacturing use case.
First record of the Eucalyptus stem canker pathogen, Coniothyrium zuluense from Hawaii

A new stem canker disease on Eucalyptus grandis in Hawaii is recorded. Symptoms are similar to those of Coniothyrium canker on Eucalyptus in South Africa. A fungus resembling Coniothyrium zuluense was found on lesions and analysis of ITS sequences confirmed this identification. Coniothyrium canker is a serious disease of Eucalyptus in South Africa and strategies to reduce its impact in Hawaii may be required.
Requirements Reconciliation for Scalable and Secure Microservice (De)composition

Traditional monolithic services fail to scale efficiently when a certain task within the service is flooded. They also have a long software release cycle due to the system complexity. Microservices, as a new architectural style, are built upon the idea of breaking a large service into a set of single-responsibility (along with other properties) services that are communicating over network. In such a setting, services can scale more efficiently and release cycles become shorter thanks to the continuous deployment. Also, breaking a system into microservices is a daunting task. Normally, such design decisions are made by developers or architects with some intuitions. We argue that this approach only captures the interest of a narrowed set of stakeholders and thus fails to account system-wide requirements. In this work, we propose a conceptual methodology using which security and scalability requirements are incorporated in decomposing system into microservices. Using this methodology, requirements engineers can mindfully reconcile security and scalability requirements. This initiates architectural decisions (i.e. system decomposition) at requirements engineering phase and hence expands the system architects' view. We also examine our methodology by applying it to a fictional case study.
The Recognition of Reduced Word Forms

This article addresses the recognition of reduced word forms, which are frequent in casual speech. We describe two experiments on Dutch showing that listeners only recognize highly reduced forms well when these forms are presented in their full context and that the probability that a listener recognizes a word form in limited context is strongly correlated with the degree of reduction of the form. Moreover, we show that the effect of degree of reduction can only partly be interpreted as the effect of the intelligibility of the acoustic signal, which is negatively correlated with degree of reduction. We discuss the consequences of our findings for models of spoken word recognition and especially for the role that storage plays in these models.
Cell-Associated Pheromone Peptide (cCF10) Production and Pheromone Inhibition in Enterococcus faecalis

ABSTRACT In Enterococcus faecalis, the peptide cCF10 acts as a pheromone, inducing transfer of the conjugative plasmid pCF10 from plasmid-containing donor cells to plasmid-free recipient cells. In these studies, it was found that a substantial amount of cCF10 associates with the envelope of the producing cell. Pheromone activity was detected in both wall and membrane fractions, with the highest activity associated with the wall. Experiments examining the effects of protease inhibitor treatments either prior to or following cell fractionation suggested the presence of a cell envelope-associated pro-cCF10 that can be processed to mature cCF10 by a maturase or protease. A pCF10-encoded membrane protein, PrgY, was shown to prevent self-induction of donor cells by reducing the level of pheromone activity in the cell wall fraction.
Neural-tube-derived neuroepithelial stem cells: a new transplant resource for Parkinson's disease

To assess the feasibility of using neuroepithelial stem cells as a transplant source for Parkinson's disease, neuroepithelial cells were harvested from the neural tube, cultured and stereotactically transplanted into the striatum of a rat model of Parkinson's disease. In culture, neuroepithelial cells generated abundant neurospheres and differentiated into both neurons and glia. After transplantation, tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive cells were detected in the graft. Furthermore, an apomorphine-induced rotation test showed that the implanted cells successfully promoted functional recovery in animals that underwent this transplantation procedure. Our results demonstrate that neuroepithelial cells may be a new source of donor material for Parkinson's disease.
Complete posttranslational modification mapping of pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis pilins requires top‐down mass spectrometry

In pathogenic bacteria, posttranslationally modified proteins have been found to promote bacterial survival, replication, and evasion from the host immune system. In the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, the protein PilE (15–18 kDa) is the major building block of type IV pili, extracellular filamentous organelles that play a major role in mediating pathogenesis. Previous reports have shown that PilE can be expressed as a number of different proteoforms, each harboring its own set of PTMs and that specific proteoforms are key in promoting bacterial virulence. Efficient tools that allow complete PTM mapping of proteins involved in bacterial infection are therefore strongly needed. As we show in this study, a simple combination of mass profiling and bottom‐up proteomics is fundamentally unable to achieve this goal when more than two proteoforms are present simultaneously. In a N. meningitidis strain isolated from a patient with meningitis, mass profiling revealed the presence of four major proteoforms of PilE, in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Due to the complexity of the sample, a top‐down approach was required to achieve complete PTM mapping for all four proteoforms, highlighting an unprecedented extent of glycosylation. Top‐down MS therefore appears to be a promising tool for the analysis of highly posttranslationally modified proteins involved in bacterial virulence.
The Time of Ovulation in Chimpanzees *

Objectivity in sex research during the past fifteen years has been attained chiefly in animal laboratories. The difficulty of applying rigidly controlled scientific technics to the problems of human sex physiology has been a serious handicap and pardy accounts for the fact that less is known about the sexual cycle in man than in some of the lower primates. Prominent among the controversial problems in this field is the question of the time of ovulation. Although the hypothesis of periodic fertility and sterility in the primates is now widely accepted, especially among biologists, evidence of skepticism may be seen in the frequent communications to medical, scientific, and lay journals which attempt to contradict such views. Many of these reports are of case histories based upon testimony, and, as such, are scarcely acceptable as scientific evidence. Using strictly experimental technics, observations are now being made by Burr and his associates (Burr, Lane, and Nims,8 Burr and Musselman9) which may indeed change the entire status of the problem within the near future. It is significant that, in a recent examination and summary of the data on ovulation time in women, Hartman24 presents, as an important part of the evidence for periodic fertility, the results of his observations on monkeys. Of all the evidence available to Hartman at the time, only a small portion was comparable in accuracy and completeness to the observations on monkeys. Because the sexual cycle of the monkey is identical or very similar to that of women in all essential characteristics, Hartman's data constitute some of the best evidence we have for the primates in general (Willson34). Most of the advantages in using monkeys for sex research purposes are to be found also in the use of chimpanzees. In addition, there are a few characteristics which make these apes particularly desirable as subjects for studies of ovulation time: (1) doser morphological and physiological affinities with man, (2) especially prominent variations in size and appearance of the ano-genital region
Bis[4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium] tetrabromidobis(4-methylphenyl)stannate(IV)

In the title compound, (C7H11N2)2[SnBr4(C7H7)2], the tetrabromidobis(4-methylphenyl)stannate(IV) anion possesses a centre of inversion located at the SnIV atom. In the crystal structure, two inversion-related cations are linked to the anion via weak N—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds.