Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diierent Competitiveness Measures for Innnite Multi-threaded Paging Title: Diierent Competitiveness Measures for Innnite Multi-threaded Paging Diierent Competitiveness Measures for Innnite Multi-threaded Paging

The Multi-threaded Paging problem (MTP) generalizes Paging to the case where there are many threads of requests. This models situations in which the requests come from more than one independent source. At each step it is necessary to decide which request to serve, and also (as in normal Paging) which page of fast memory to remove on a page fault. In MTP the input sequences are allowed to be either nite or innnite, and the problem is considered both with and without a fairness constraint on the way in which the individual requests are served. In this paper we propose alternative deenitions of competitiveness for deterministic on-line algorithms for the innnite versions of MTP. The new deenitions intend to compare the algorithms' steady-state performances on innnite sequences. Although a priori the alternative deeni-tions seem diierent, we nd that they are essentially equivalent. This suggests that the somehow negative results obtained when MTP was introduced, may be considered as arising from the intrinsic diiculty of the problem and not from a too strict deenition of competitiveness. Besides, this is the rst step towards establishing an adequate model for evaluating the performance of on-line algorithms for on-line problems with innnite multi-threaded input sequences. To obtain a copy of this report please ll in your name and address and return this page to: The Multi-threaded Paging problem (MTP) generalizes Paging to the case where there are many threads of requests. This models situations in which the requests come from more than one independent source. At each step it is necessary to decide which request to serve, and also (as in normal Paging) which page of fast memory to remove on a page fault. In MTP the input sequences are allowed to be either nite or innnite, and the problem is considered both with and without a fairness constraint on the way in which the individual requests are served. In this paper we propose alternative deenitions of competitiveness for deterministic on-line algorithms for the innnite versions of MTP. The new deenitions intend to compare the algorithms' steady-state performances on innnite sequences. Although a priori the alternative deenitions seem diierent, we nd that they are essentially equivalent. This suggests that the somehow negative results obtained when MTP was introduced, may be considered as arising from the intrinsic diiculty of the problem and not from a too strict deenition of competitiveness. Besides, this is the rst …
Negative Selection and Peptide Chemistry Determine the Size of Naive Foreign Peptide–MHC Class II-Specific CD4+ T Cell Populations

Naive CD4+ T cell populations that express TCRs specific for different foreign peptide–MHC class II complex (pMHCII) ligands can vary in size over several orders of magnitude. This variation may explain why immune responses to some peptides are stronger than others. In this study, we used a sensitive pMHCII-tetramer–based cell enrichment method to study the derivation of two naive foreign pMHCII-specific naive CD4+ T cell populations that differed in size by 8-fold in normal mice. Analysis of mice in which thymic negative selection was impaired revealed that the smaller population underwent more clonal deletion than the larger population. In addition, large naive cell populations tended to recognize peptides with tryptophan residues as TCR contacts. Thus, the foreign pMHCII that tend to be recognized by large naive populations induce minimal clonal deletion and contain certain amino acids with the capacity to interact favorably with TCRs.
The Effect of Abdominal Binders on Postoperative Pulmonary Function

Abdominal binders are ordered by some surgeons postoperatively for patient comfort and to prevent wound complications. There has been some question as to the compressive effect that an abdominal binder has on pulmonary function. We prospectively randomized 54 patients undergoing a midline laparotomy incision to two groups: a “binder” group and a “no binder” group. Preoperative pulmonary function tests (vital capacity and incentive spirometry) were measured. Postoperatively, pulmonary function tests, pulse oximetry, oxygen requirement, pulmonary and wound complications, pain control, time to ambulation, and hospital length of stay were examined. Vital capacity as a per cent of preoperative values on postoperative Day 1 for the binder and nonbinder groups were 64.7 and 54.6 per cent, respectively, but this was not statistically significant. Average level of pain using the visual analog pain scale on postoperative Days 1 through 3 in the binder versus nonbinder groups was 4 versus 8, 3 vs 6, and 3 versus 7, respectively. Time to ambulation was 18.6 hours in the binder group and 16.7 hours in the nonbinder group. Hospital length of stay in the binder and nonbinder groups was 3.9 days and 3.7 days, respectively. We conclude that abdominal binders in our patients with midline abdominal incisions had no significant effect on postoperative pulmonary function, but seemed to help with pain control.
On quality evaluation of 3D video using Colour-plus-Depth and MDC

This paper presents a quality evaluation of three-dimensional Colour-plus-Depth videos over error prone IP networks and illustrates an overall cloud architecture in which such an evaluation platform may reside. For achieving video transmission both scalable and multiple-description coding techniques are utilized. On evaluating the impact of packet loss to the perceived 3D video quality, asymmetric packet loss was used for characterizing path diversity. Mean Opinion Score (MOS) for the multiple description scheme is affected by both the encoding parameters and the sensed packet loss rate at each 3D description. The effect of 3D video reconstruction through interpolation using a single yet reliably delivered description was compared against using the overall number of delivered descriptions. Throughout this experiment it was found that almost all subjects tend to rate the first group of reconstructed 3D videos with higher scores when the network delivery mechanism undergoes severe packet loss rate conditions.
Costs of medication nonadherence in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and critical analysis of the literature.

OBJECTIVES Information on the health care costs associated with nonadherence to treatments for diabetes is both limited and inconsistent. We reviewed and critically appraised the literature to identify the main methodological issues that might explain differences among reports in the relationship of nonadherence and costs in patients with diabetes. METHODS Two investigators reviewed Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library and CINAHL and studies with information on costs by level of adherence in patients with diabetes published between January 1, 1997 and September 30th 2007 were included. RESULTS A total of 209 studies were identified and ten fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All included studies analyzed claims data and 70% were based on non-Medicaid and non-Medicare databases. Low medication possession ratios were associated with higher costs. Important differences were found in the ICD-9/ICD-9 CM codes used to identify patients and their diagnoses, data sources, analytic window period, definitions of adherence measures, skewness in cost data and associated statistical issues, adjustment of costs for inflation, adjustment for confounders, clinical outcomes and costs. CONCLUSIONS Important variation among cost estimates was evident, even within studies of the same population. Readers should be cautious when comparing estimated coefficients from various studies because methodological issues might explain differences in the results of costs of nonadherence in diabetes. This is particularly important when estimates are used as inputs to pharmacoeconomic models.
Environmental Concern in South Africa: An Attitudinal Study

To date little attention has been paid to the investigation of South Africans' attitudes toward the natural — physical environment. In the present study, the issue of environmental concern is taken as a basic unit of analysis in assessing different groups' attitudes toward ecological issues such as pollution and wildlife preservation. The sample (N = 2131) consisted of four groups of white South Africans, namely adolescent girls, adolescent boys, adult women, and adult men. Attitudes were assessed on the Environmental Concern Scale (ECS) developed by Weigel and Weigel (1978). The overall mean ECS scores differed with age, sex, and language groups, with English-speaking women showing the greatest degree of environmental concern. The mean ECS scores also correlated significantly with educational qualifications, membership of youth organizations, and participation in nature-orientated activities. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.
Handbook Of Music And Emotion Pdf

Official Full-Text Publication: Emotions during live music performance: Links with individual differences in empathy, Enter the password to open this PDF file:. emotion in music has been described as being based on understudy of emotion across cultures,” in Handbook of Emotion Elicitation. Frontiers. a pivot away from the predominant scientific focus on instrumental music in the Western European tradition. the scientific study of music and emotion has focused primarily on solitary listening, In Handbook of music and emotion: theory.
A systematic map of integration of aspect orientation and model-driven engineering

An integration of aspect orientation and model-driven engineering is expected to enhance software development from many perspectives. Different approaches for this integration have already appeared in literature. In general, all such approaches use aspect-oriented model as the primary artifact and apply different techniques to obtain an executable from it. In this study we have provided a survey of existing research in this context by conducting a systematic mapping study. Classification schemes were defined and 38 selected primary studies were classified on the basis of research focus, contribution type and research type. Results show that solutions proposals are in a majority and current research has mainly focused on using model weavers for the integration (81% versus 19% code generation approaches). The majority of contributions are methods.
Network Identification and Flux Quantification in the Central Metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under Different Conditions of Glucose Repression

ABSTRACT The network structure and the metabolic fluxes in central carbon metabolism were characterized in aerobically grown cells ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae. The cells were grown under both high and low glucose concentrations, i.e., either in a chemostat at steady state with a specific growth rate of 0.1 h−1 or in a batch culture with a specific growth rate of 0.37 h−1. Experiments were carried out using [1-13C]glucose as the limiting substrate, and the resulting summed fractional labelings of intracellular metabolites were measured by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The data were used as inputs to a flux estimation routine that involved appropriate mathematical modelling of the central carbon metabolism ofS. cerevisiae. The results showed that the analysis is very robust, and it was possible to quantify the fluxes in the central carbon metabolism under both growth conditions. In the batch culture, 16.2 of every 100 molecules of glucose consumed by the cells entered the pentose-phosphate pathway, whereas the same relative flux was 44.2 per 100 molecules in the chemostat. The tricarboxylic acid cycle does not operate as a cycle in batch-growing cells, in contrast to the chemostat condition. Quantitative evidence was also found for threonine aldolase and malic enzyme activities, in accordance with published data. Disruption of the MIG1 gene did not cause changes in the metabolic network structure or in the flux pattern.
On identifying functionally untestable transition faults

This paper presents a new approach on identifying functionally untestable transition faults in nonscan sequential circuits. We formulate a new dominance relationship for transition faults and use it to identify more sequentially untestable transition faults. The proposed method consists of two phases: first, a large number of functionally untestable transition faults is identified by a fault-independent sequential logic implications implicitly crossing multiple time-frames, and the identified untestable faults are classified into three conflict categories. Next, additional functionally untestable transition faults are identified by dominance relationships from the previous identified untestable transition faults. The experimental results for ISCAS89 sequential benchmark circuits showed that our approach can quickly identify many more functionally untestable transition faults than previously reported.
Amino Acid Substitution Matrices from an Artificial Neural Network Model

An amino acid substitution matrix specifies probabilities of substitutions for each pair of the 20 amino acids. Log-odds scores transformed from the values in substitution matrices are widely used to construct protein sequence alignments. Any given substitution matrix is suited to matching sequences diverged by a specific evolutionary distance. However, for a given set of sequences, it is not always clear what matrix should be used. We used an artificial neural network model to predict probabilities of amino acid substitutions with alignment samples of different evolutionary distances. From this internal description, substitution matrices suitable for detecting relationships at any chosen evolutionary distance can be instantly generated. By using the additional information of evolutionary distances, the average cross entropy error of our neural network model is lower than that of a series of BLOSUM and PET matrices over all testing sets. Our model is more accurate on the prediction of amino acid substitution probabilities.
Discerning a Causal Pattern among Data on Voting Behavior

The present analysis is devoted to making an empirically based choice among alternate causal explanations. This entails making causal inferences from statistical correlations. While this might, at one time, have constituted a heresy, I believe that the procedure to be followed here will soon be a part of statistical orthodoxy. This is not the place for an extended philosophical discussion of the problem of causality. Yet I would like to make my position on the problem as clear as concise presentation will permit. My basic sympathies are with that school which argues that scientifically relevant causal explanation inheres only in our theories, i.e., that the explained event takes the shape which it does because our postulates and logic preclude any other shape on pain of being themselves incorrect. However, the development of such theory, containing such postulates, is usually the product of an inspired insight on the part of one thoroughly immersed in the manifestations of the empirical phenomenon under consideration. The production and verification of such insight in a systematic and reproducible way is the goal of inductive research. Where controlled experimentation is possible, Mill's canons may apply. Where such experiments are either impossible or impracticable, statistical inference becomes necessary. It is in this situation that the present approach, based upon a model developed by Herbert Simon and others, seems justified. Simon's model is designed to capture the asymmetry in our notions of causality. When one speaks of A as a cause of B, one usually has in mind a unidirectional forcing, and not merely a covariation, or phased covariation.
Object-Part Attention Driven Discriminative Localization for Fine-grained Image Classification

Fine-grained image classification is to recognize hundreds of subcategories belonging to the same basic-level category, such as 200 subcategories belonging to bird, and highly challenging due to large variance in same subcategory and small variance among different subcategories. Existing methods generally find where the object or its parts are and then discriminate which subcategory the image belongs to. However, they mainly have two limitations: (1) Relying on object or parts annotations which are heavily labor consuming. (2) Ignoring the spatial relationship between the object and its parts as well as among these parts, both of which are significantly helpful for finding discriminative parts. Therefore, this paper proposes the object-part attention driven discriminative localization (OPADDL) approach for weakly supervised fine-grained image classification, and the main novelties are: (1) Object-part attention model integrates two level attentions: object-level attention localizes objects of images, and part-level attention selects discriminative parts of object. Both are jointly employed to learn multi-view and multi-scale features to enhance their mutual promotion. (2) Object-part spatial model combines two spatial constraints: object spatial constraint ensures selected parts highly representative, and part spatial constraint eliminates redundancy and enhances discrimination of selected parts. Both are jointly employed to exploit the subtle and local differences for distinguishing the subcategories. Importantly, neither objects nor parts annotations are used, which avoids the heavy labor consuming of labeling. Comparing with more than 10 state-of-the-art methods on 3 widely used datasets, our OPADDL approach achieves the best performance.
Identifying Mobile Applications for Encrypted Network Traffic

Mobile application (simply "app") identification at a per-flow granularity is vital for traffic engineering, network management, and security practices in cloud computing. While challenge is caused by a growing fraction of encrypted traffic such as HTTPS. To address this challenge, we have analyzed mobile apps' traffic carefully and observed that: 1) mobile apps may query multiple hostnames simultaneously; 2) the sets of queried hostnames are distinguishable; 3) for mobile apps, the encrypted traffic is a small portion of the total traffic and correlate with some other network flows. This implies that for encrypted network flows, if their correlated DNS or HTTP(S) flows generated by the same app can be obtained, they will be identified eventually. Therefore, in this paper we propose a novel traffic correlation methodology for identifying mobile apps for their encrypted network traffic. To be specific, for encrypted network flows whose IP addresses are resolved by DNS queries, we use temporal and lexical similarity to cluster correlated DNS queries. Otherwise, for encrypted flows established directly via IP addresses, we retrieve correlated traffic by considering similar flow metadata including IP address, flow starting time, packet sizes and intervals. We ran a thorough set of experiments to assess the performance of the proposed approaches. The experimental results show that the identification accuracy can be as high as 93% and the false-positive rate is lower than 8%.
Environmental pollutants and breast cancer

Laboratory research has shown that numerous environmental pollutants cause mammary gland tumors in animals; are hormonally active, specifically mimicking estrogen, which is a breast cancer risk factor; or affect susceptibility of the mammary gland to carcinogenesis. An assessment of epidemiologic research on these pollutants identified in toxicologic studies can guide future research and exposure reduction aimed at prevention. The PubMed database was searched for relevant literature and systematic critical reviews were entered in a database available at URL: www.silentspring. org/sciencereview and URL: www.komen. org/environment (accessed April 10, 2007). Based on a relatively small number of studies, the evidence to date generally supports an association between breast cancer and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in conjunction with certain genetic polymorphisms involved in carcinogen activation and steroid hormone metabolism. Evidence regarding dioxins and organic solvents is sparse and methodologically limited but suggestive of an association. Methodologic problems include inadequate exposure assessment, a lack of access to highly exposed and unexposed populations, and a lack of preclinical markers to identify associations that may be obscured by disease latency. Among chemicals identified in toxicologic research as relevant to breast cancer, many have not been investigated in humans. The development of better exposure assessment methods is needed to fill this gap. In the interim, weaknesses in the epidemiologic literature argue for greater reliance on toxicologic studies to develop national policies to reduce chemical exposures that may be associated with breast cancer. Substantial research progress in the last 5 years suggests that the investigation of environmental pollutants will lead to strategies to reduce breast cancer risk. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Motivations for play in computer role-playing games

In this paper the motivations for play in the context of single- and multi-player digital Role-Playing Games (RPGs) are examined. Survey data were drawn from respondents online and participants in a related experimental study. The results indicate that motivations for play are not simple constructs, but rather composed of multiple motivational drivers that are heavily interrelated and act in concert. Character uniqueness and Discovery & Immersion were the highest ranked motivational categories. Different levels of detail in motivations for playing single-/multi-Player RPGs were located, with mechanistic/tactical play and character-based/social play being the two overall motivational factors.
Predicting Recklessness in Emerging Adults: A Test of a Psychosocial Model

Emerging adults—people aged 18-25 years—frequently behave recklessly. This study sheds light on the role of 4 psychosocial predictors of recklessness: (a) impulsivity, (b) peer pressure, (c) perceived risk, and (d) perceived benefits. The authors obtained self-report data from 208 emerging adults. All predictors were significantly correlated, in the expected directions, with 3 forms of reckless behavior: (a) reckless substance use, (b) reckless driving, and (c) reckless sexual behavior. Regression analyses revealed that, controlling for gender, relationship status, and social desirability, impulsivity predicted reckless substance use and sexual practices, peer pressure predicted reckless substance use, perceived risk predicted reckless driving, and perceived benefits predicted all three recklessness types. The authors' psychosocial model of emerging adult recklessness gained additional support from the finding that all 4 predictors explained unique variance in overall recklessness.
Turbo equalization and channel re-estimation in OFDM over doubly-selective channel

We study the application of turbo equalization in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system over doubly-selective channel. Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) equalization that exploits characteristics of the banded channel structure in OFDM is used in our turbo equalization. In settings similar to Japan's ISDB-T standards, we find that banded channel structure that accounts for only 1 neighboring subcarrier (on one side) is sufficient to ensure a good equalization performance. At moderate Doppler frequency, turbo equalization does not enhance the system performance significantly. Furthermore, the effects of 1) initial channel estimation with turbo equalization; 2) channel re-estimation with turbo equalization are investigated, with the latter conferring greater bit error-rate (BER) enhancement than the former. Channel estimation has a more prominent effect on performance than turbo equalization, as verified by numerical simulations.