Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ia-PNCC: Noise Processing Method for Underwater Target Recognition Convolutional Neural Network

Underwater target recognition is a key technology for underwater acoustic countermeasure. And how to classify and recognize underwater targets according to the noise information of underwater targets has been a hot topic in the field of underwater acoustic signals. In this paper, the deep learning model is applied in the underwater target recognition and the improved anti-noise Power-Normalized Cepstral Coefficients (ia-PNCC) is proposed based on PNCC oriented to underwater target noise features. In this coefficient, multitaper and normalized Gammatone filter group are used to improve the anti-noise capacity of PNCC in underwater target recognition, and it is combined with the convolutional neural network to recognize the underwater target. The experiment results show that the acoustic feature presented by ia-PNCC is of higher anti-noise capacity and more adaptive to the underwater target recognition model of convolutional neural network. Compared with the combination of convolutional neural network with single acoustic feature such as MFCC (Mel-scale frequency cepstral coefficients) or LPCC (Linear Prediction PLP) and so on, the combination of ia-PNCC with convolutional neural network improves the underwater target recognition accuracy greatly.
Gradient-based fuzzy fault isolation in residual-based fault detection systems

We introduce a fault isolation technique based on the analysis of the deformation of data-driven models produced by an incoming fault. Combining the gradients within a model, with the confidence of the model in terms of its quality influenced by the degree of violation of the uncertainty measure used in the fault detection phase allows us to successfully identify faults from the fault alarms produced by a residual-based fault-detection system relying on data-driven models. These models are built from scratch fully automatically on the basis of measurements recorded online and collected off-line in a preliminary batch phase (no physical or expert knowledge required). We used Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression and fuzzy modeling techniques with the inclusion of time lags in the input variables to establish time-varying prediction models. The deformation analysis is performed throughout the warning-models (those signaling the presence of a fault), and combines the contributions of all channels to the model prediction and then proposes a candidate faulty channel. We also introduce the concept of a Fault Isolation Likelihood Curve (FILC), inspired by the well-known Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, in order to (i) show the isolation rates in a convenient and interpretable way and (ii) allow comparison between the detection and isolation capabilities of a fault detection system. In tandem with the FILC, we introduce the concept of the Fault Isolation Gap (FIG) as a tool for measuring the isolation capabilities of an algorithm with regards to the (fault) detection capabilities achieved by a fault detection method.
Turbulence interactions leading to far-field jet noise

It is well understood that it is the development, not just the convection, of jet turbulence that generates fluctuations with supersonic phase velocities which radiate noise to the far acoustic field, but the mechanisms causing this mode conversion are not understood. The relative efficiency of the interactions of turbulence with the mean flow and the turbulence ‘self’ interactions has not been quantified. In light of this, tools are developed here to analyze the process of mode conversion (scattering of flow energy into acoustic energy) in a jet. Very large scales, with typical lengthscale between the turbulent integral length and the dominant acoustic wavelength, are thought to be capable of radiating to the far-field. Inhomogeneous linearized filtered equations for the very large scale dynamics are derived and presented. The resulting source terms are computed from a well validated DNS database, which also provides an ‘ideal’ subgrid-scale model for their evolution. A capability to analyze the mode conversion in streamwise frequency-wavenumber coordinates is also developed and discussed.
L-MPZ, a Novel Isoform of Myelin P0, Is Produced by Stop Codon Readthrough*

Background: The structure and function of myelin P0-related 36-kDa protein are totally unknown. Results: A novel isoform of P0, L-MPZ, contains an extra C terminus derived from 3′-UTR of P0 mRNA and is expressed in peripheral myelin. Conclusion: L-MPZ is produced by stop codon readthrough and probably related with peripheral myelinogenesis. Significance: Analyses of L-MPZ are crucial for understanding readthrough mechanism in mammals and myelinogenesis. Myelin protein zero (P0 or MPZ) is a major myelin protein (∼30 kDa) expressed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in terrestrial vertebrates. Several groups have detected a P0-related 36-kDa (or 35-kDa) protein that is expressed in the PNS as an antigen for the serum IgG of patients with neuropathy. The molecular structure and function of this 36-kDa protein are, however, still unknown. We hypothesized that the 36-kDa protein may be derived from P0 mRNA by stop codon readthrough. We found a highly conserved region after the regular stop codon in predicted sequences from the 3′-UTR of P0 in higher animals. MS of the 36-kDa protein revealed that both P0 peptides and peptides deduced from the P0 3′-UTR sequence were found among the tryptic fragments. In transfected cells and in an in vitro transcription/translation system, the 36-kDa molecule was also produced from the identical mRNA that produced P0. We designated this 36-kDa molecule as large myelin protein zero (L-MPZ), a novel isoform of P0 that contains an additional domain at the C terminus. In the PNS, L-MPZ was localized in compact myelin. In transfected cells, just like P0, L-MPZ was localized at cell-cell adhesion sites in the plasma membrane. These results suggest that L-MPZ produced by the stop codon readthrough mechanism is potentially involved in myelination. Since this is the first finding of stop codon readthrough in a common mammalian protein, detailed analysis of L-MPZ expression will help to understand the mechanism of stop codon readthrough in mammals.
Creatinine clearance, walking speed, and muscle atrophy: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is associated with malnutrition and inflammation. These processes may lead to loss of skeletal muscle and reduced physical performance. Associations of kidney function with muscle composition and longitudinal measures of physical performance are unknown. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS We evaluated 826 community-dwelling older adults enrolled in the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) Study who were free of baseline stroke or activities of daily living disability. PREDICTOR Baseline creatinine clearance (Clcr) based on 24-hour urine collection. OUTCOMES Cross-sectional and longitudinal trajectories of physical performance measured by 7-m usual gait speed, 400-m fast gait speed, and knee extension strength using isometric dynamometry. Calf muscle composition assessed by quantitative computed tomography. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 74 ± 7 (SD) years, with 183 having Clcr < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). After adjustment, each 10-mL/min/1.73 m(2) decrement in Clcr was associated with 0.01 (95% CI, 0.004-0.017) m/s slower 7-m usual walking speed and 0.008 (95% CI, 0.002-0.014) m/s slower 400-m walking speed. Each 10-mL/min/1.73 m(2) decrement in Clcr was associated with 28 (95% CI, 0.8-55) mm(2) lower muscle area and 0.15 (95% CI, 0.04-0.26) mg/cm(3) lower muscle density. After adjustment, lower Clcr was associated with slower mean 7-m (P=0.005) and 400-m (P=0.02) walk and knee extension strength (P=0.001) during the course of follow-up. During a mean follow-up of 7.1 ± 2.5 years, each 10-mL/min/1.73 m(2) lower baseline Clcr was associated with 0.024 (95% CI, 0.01-0.037) kg/y greater decline in knee strength. LIMITATIONS Single baseline measurement of Clcr and 3-year interval between follow-up visits may lead to nondifferential misclassification and attenuation of estimates. CONCLUSIONS Among older adults, lower Clcr is associated with muscle atrophy, reduced walking speed, and more rapid declines in lower-extremity strength over time.
Alkaline pH sensor molecules

Animals can survive only within a narrow pH range. This requires continual monitoring of environmental and body‐fluid pH. Although a variety of acidic pH sensor molecules have been reported, alkaline pH sensor function is not well understood. This Review describes neuronal alkaline pH sensors, grouped according to whether they monitor extracellular or intracellular alkaline pH. Extracellular sensors include the receptor‐type guanylyl cyclase, the insulin receptor‐related receptor, ligand‐gated Cl– channels, connexin hemichannels, two‐pore‐domain K+ channels, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Intracellular sensors include TRP channels and gap junction channels. Identification of molecular mechanisms underlying alkaline pH sensing is crucial for understanding how animals respond to environmental alkaline pH and how body‐fluid pH is maintained within a narrow range. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Fresnel volume and transmitted waves

In seismic imaging experiments, it is common to use a geometric ray theory that is an asymptotic solution of the wave equation in the high-frequency limit. Consequently, it is assumed that waves propagate along infinitely narrow lines through space, called rays, that join the source and receiver. In reality, recorded waves have a finite-frequency content. The band limitation of waves implies that the propagation of waves is extended to a finite volume of space around the geometrical ray path. This volume is called the Fresnel volume. In this tutorial, we introduce the physics of the Fresnel volume and we present a solution of the wave equation that accounts for the band limitation of waves. The finite-frequency wave theory specifies sensitivity kernels that linearly relate the traveltime and amplitude of band-limited transmitted and reflected waves to slowness variations in the earth. The Fresnel zone and the finite-frequency sensitivity kernels are closely connected through the concept of constructive interference of waves. The finite-frequency wave theory leads to the counterintuitive result that a pointlike velocity perturbation placed on the geometric ray in three dimensions does not cause a perturbation of the phase of the wavefield. Also, it turns out that Fermat’s theorem in the context of geometric ray theory is a special case of the finite-frequency wave theory in the limit of infinite frequency. Last, we address the misconception that the width of the Fresnel volume limits the resolution in imaging experiments.
Stability Analysis of Coiled Tape Springs

Tape springs have been used for many years in deployable booms and space mechanisms and currently are being considered as components for more advanced deployable structures. Tape springs can be elastically coiled and will self-deploy when released. Their stability in the packaged configuration is critical for these applications. We propose a numerical and analytical framework to investigate the stability of coiled isotropic tape springs, where neither tension nor radial pressure are applied. Torsional and bending instabilities were observed when the ratio between the coiled radius and the radius of the cross-section exceeded a critical value. A stability boundary is derived for different geometries and material properties. The effect of varying the number of coils and the self-contact conditions between adjacent loops of a tape spring are also studied, as well as the existence of out-of-plane instability modes is discussed.
Directional Syllabification in Generalized Alignment

(Fall 1993). We gratefully acknowledge significant help from discussions and correspondence with Junko Ito, Ellen Broselow, John McCarthy, Alan Prince,Cheryl Zoll, and PASC editors Jason Merchant and Rachel Walker. It was Zoll's work on Yawelmani Yokuts (Zoll 1993) that first inspired us to confront the issues dealt with in this note. As usual, all remaining shortcomings are our responsibility alone.
FAST FOURIER TRANSFORMS FOR NONEQUISPACED DATA *

A group of algorithms is presented generalizing the fast Fourier transform to the case of nonin-teger frequencies and nonequispaced nodes on the interval [-r, r]. The schemes of this paper are based on a combination of certain analytical considerations with the classical fast Fourier transform and generalize both the forward and backward FFTs. Each of the algorithms requires O(N log N + N-log(I/e)) arithmetic operations, where e is the precision of computations and N is the number of nodes. The efficiency of the approach is illustrated by several numerical examples.
Analysis of FCM Clustering on Pre and Post Iterative relaxed adaptive center weighted median filter in MRI & CT Brain Images

Image de-noising and clustering in medical images are quite complex because of narrow dynamic range and in-homogeneity. Pre processing steps like image de-noising do have influence over the subsequent image processing which misleads further image analysis. In this paper, a new method which incorporates the advantages of adaptive center weighted median filter and hybrid median filter, called Iterative relaxed adaptive center weighted median filter, has been proposed for image de-noising and the influence of such median filtering methods over Fuzzy C-Means Clustering is analyzed in MRI & CT images using Cluster Error Index and Average Cluster Error Index. This analysis leads to proper selection of de-noising algorithm for better clustering of image regions.
Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) expression correlates with oral cancer progression and induces macrophage/cancer cell adhesion

Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein in the immunoglobulin superfamily, which plays an important role in cell adhesion and signal transduction. Although ICAM‐1 is believed to play a role in several malignancies, it is still uncertain whether or not ICAM‐1 expression contributes to cancer progression. In this study, we performed clinicopathological and cell biological analyses of ICAM‐1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). First, we examined the ICAM‐1 expression in tongue SCC immunohistochemically, and revealed that ICAM‐1 was expressed predominantly at the invasive front area of tongue SCC. ICAM‐1 expression at the invasive front area was correlated with invasion, lymph node metastasis and increased blood and lymphatic vessel density of the tongue SCC. The relationship between ICAM‐1 expression and clinicopathological factors were consistent with the increased proliferation, invasion and cytokine‐production activities of ICAM‐1‐transfected SCC cells. Second, we analyzed the relationship between macrophages and ICAM‐1‐expressing tongue SCC cells because ICAM‐1 is known to act as a ligand for adhesion of immune cells. Increased ICAM‐1 expression in tongue SCC was correlated with increased macrophage infiltration within SCC nests. Moreover, macrophage/SCC‐cell adhesion through ICAM‐1 molecule was revealed using an in vitro cell adhesion and blockade assay. These findings indicate that ICAM‐1 plays an important role in tongue SCC progression, which may result from the SCC‐cell activity, angiogenic activity, lymphangiogenic activity and macrophage/SCC‐cell adhesion.
Video abstracting

s were quite different from those made directly by humans, the subjects could not tell which were better [8]. For browsing and searching large information archives, many users are familiar with Web interfaces. Therefore, our abstracting tool can compile its results into an html page, including the anchors for playing short video clips (see Figure 5). The top of the page in Figure 5 shows the film title, an animated gif image constructed from the text bitmaps (including the title), and the title sequence as a video clip. This information is followed by a randomly selected subset of special events, which are followed by a temporally ordered list of the scenes constructed by our shot-clustering algorithms. The bottom part of the page lists the creation parameters of the abstract, such as creation time, length, and statistics. Video abstracting is a young research field. We would like to mention two other systems suitable for creating abstracts of long videos. The first is video skimming [2], which mainly seeks to abstract documentaries and newscasts. It assumes that a transcript of the video is available; the video and the transcript are then aligned by word spotting. The audio track of the video skim is constructed by using language analysis to identify important words in the transcript; audio clips around those words are then cut out. Based on detected faces [10], text, and camera operation, video clips are selected from the surrounding frames. The second system is based on the image track only, generating not a video abstract but a static scene graph of thumbnail images on a 2D “canvas. ” The scene graph represents the flow of the story in the form of keyframes, allowing users to interactively descend into the story by selecting a story unit of the graph [11]. Conclusions Using the algorithms discussed here for automatically generating video abstracts, we first decompose the input video into semantic units, called “shot clusters” or “scenes. ” Then we detect and extract semantically rich pieces, especially text from the title sequence and special events, such as dialog, gunfire, and explosions. Video clips, audio clips, images, and text are extracted and composed into an abstract. The output can then be compiled into an html page for easy access through browsers. We expect our tools to be used for large multimedia archives in which video abstracts would be a much more powerful browsing technique than textual abstracts. For example, broadcast stations today sit on a gold mine of archived difficult-to-access video material. Another application of our technique could be to create an online TV guide on the Web, with short abstracts of upcoming shows, documentaries, and feature films. Just how well the generated abstracts capture the essentials of all kinds of videos remains to be seen in a larger series of practical experiments.
Does the diagnosis influence the outcome in a multimodal outpatient pain management program for low back pain and sciatica? A comparative study

The literature describes multimodal pain-management programs as successful therapy options in the conservative treatment of chronic low back pain. Yet, the intensity and inclusion criteria of such programs remain debatable. In many studies, the pain originating from spinal structures is described as nonspecific low back pain – a diffuse diagnosis without serious implications. The purpose of this study is to compare the short-term outcomes between patients suffering from sciatica due to a discus intervertebralis herniation and those suffering from low back pain caused by facet joint disease after 3 weeks of treatment in an intense multimodal outpatient program in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the university hospital.
Preparation and Evaluation of Meloxicam Microsponges as Transdermal Delivery System

The aim of present study was to develop gel formulation of microsponges of poorly soluble drug meloxicam (MLX) in order to enhance the release and dissolution of MLX which is the limitation for preparation in topical forms. Also skin delivery is an alternative administration for MLX that can minimize gastrointestinal (GI) side effects and improve patient compliance. The microsponges of MLX were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. The effects of drug:polymer ratio, stirring time and Eudragit polymer type on the physical characteristics of microsponges were investigated and characterized for production yield, loading efficiency, particle size, surface morphology, and in vitro drug release from microsponges. The selected microsponge formula was incorporated into gel. The prepared microsponge gel was evaluated as visual inspection, pH, spreadability, viscosity, in addition to in vitro drug release. The results showed that the microsponge formula with Eudragit L100 polymer had optimum physical properties and enhanced the dissolution and release of MLX when compared with other formulas and pure drug. MLX microsponge carbopol gel produced a significant (p<0.05) improvement of the in vitro release than pure MLX gel. Hence quasi emulsion solvent diffusion method was a promising method to produce MLX microsponges with markedly enhanced dissolution rate. Keywords: Meloxicam, Microsponges, Gel.
Reliability, Asymmetry, and Age Influence on Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation Measured by Spontaneous Fluctuations of Blood Pressure and Cerebral Blood Flow Velocities in Healthy Individuals

Cerebral autoregulation (CA) enables the brain to maintain stable cerebral blood flow (CBF). CA can be assessed noninvasively by determining correlations between CBF velocity (CBFV) and spontaneous changes in blood pressure. Postrecording signal analysis methods have included both frequency‐ and time‐domain methods. However, the test‐retest reliability, cross‐validation, and determination of normal values have not been adequately established.
A Two-Stage Classifier for Sentiment Analysis

In this paper, we present a study applying reject option to build a two-stage sentiment polarity classification system. We construct a Naive Bayes classifier at the first stage and a Support Vector Machine at the second stage, in which documents rejected at the first stage are forwarded to be classified at the second stage. The obtained accuracies are comparable to other state-of-the-art results. Furthermore, experiments show that our classifier requires less training data while still maintaining reasonable classification accuracy.
A Novel Mechanism of pH Buffering in C. elegans Glia: Bicarbonate Transport via the Voltage-Gated ClC Cl− Channel CLH-1

An important function of glia is the maintenance of the ionic composition and pH of the synaptic microenvironment. In terms of pH regulation, HCO3− buffering has been shown to be important in both glia and neurons. Here, we used in vivo fluorescent pH imaging and RNA sequencing of the amphid sheath glia of Caenorhabditis elegans to reveal a novel mechanism of cellular HCO3− uptake. While the classical mechanism of HCO3− uptake involves Na+/HCO3− cotransporters, here we demonstrate that the C. elegans ClC Cl− channel CLH-1 is highly permeable to HCO3− and mediates HCO3− uptake into amphid sheath glia. CLH-1 has homology and electrophysiological properties similar to the mammalian ClC-2 Cl− channel. Our data suggest that, in addition to maintaining synaptic Cl− concentration, these channels may also be involved in maintenance of synaptic pH via HCO3− flux. These findings provide an exciting new facet of study regarding how pH is regulated in the brain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Maintenance of pH is essential for the physiological function of the nervous system. HCO3− is crucial for pH regulation and is transported into the cell via ion transporters, including ion channels, the molecular identity of which remains unclear. In this manuscript, we describe our discovery that the C. elegans amphid sheath glia regulate intracellular pH via HCO3− flux through the voltage-gated ClC channel CLH-1. This represents a novel function for ClC channels, which has implications for their possible role in mammalian glial pH regulation. This discovery may also provide a novel therapeutic target for pathologic conditions, such as ischemic stroke where acidosis leads to widespread death of glia and subsequently neurons.