Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on VLSI On-line Stability Detectors

Secure information flow is an important property for guaranteeing the privacy and integrity of information. Most programming languages that enforce secure information flow prevent explicit and implicit leaks that arise from data and control dependencies. However, leaks that arise from covert channels such as timing and termination can expose an arbitrary amount of information and are difficult to prevent at the programminglanguage level. Prior efforts to address such covert channels do so by severely restricting the expressiveness of the language, such as forbidding branches or loops whose conditions rely on secret information. In this paper, we outline programming language mechanisms that, given a program without any implicit or explicit leaks, transform the program into a version that also contains no timing or termination leaks. The technique is based on slicing the program into a number of sub-programs, one per security level, and scheduling the sub-programs in a manner guaranteed to eliminate illegal flows. Our technique is able to make stronger security guarantees than any existing language-based technique, and unlike existing work it does so without imposing additional restrictions on the language.
The Effects of Foreign Patent Applications and Intellectual Property Protection on Chinese Technology Progress: an Empirical Study

Using two related empirical models, this article estimates the effects of foreign patent applications and intellectual property protection on Chinese technology progress. The results suggest that foreign patent applications have positive effects on Chinese technology progress, but it is smaller compared with the effects of Chinese domestic R&D inputs. Intellectual property protection increases the elasticity of foreign patent applications with respect to promoting Chinese technology progress, while decreases the elasticity of Chinese domestic R&D stocks.
Time-Course Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Resistance Genes of Panax ginseng Induced by Cylindrocarpon destructans Infection Using RNA-Seq

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is a highly valued medicinal plant. Cylindrocarpon destructans is a destructive pathogen that causes root rot and significantly reduces the quality and yield of P. ginseng. However, an efficient method to control root rot remains unavailable because of insufficient understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying C. destructans-P. ginseng interaction. In this study, C. destructans-induced transcriptomes at different time points were investigated using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). De novo assembly produced 73,335 unigenes for the P. ginseng transcriptome after C. destructans infection, in which 3,839 unigenes were up-regulated. Notably, the abundance of the up-regulated unigenes sharply increased at 0.5 d postinoculation to provide effector-triggered immunity. In total, 24 of 26 randomly selected unigenes can be validated using quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of these unigenes showed that “defense response to fungus”, “defense response” and “response to stress” were enriched. In addition, differentially expressed transcription factors involved in the hormone signaling pathways after C. destructans infection were identified. Finally, differentially expressed unigenes involved in reactive oxygen species and ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway during C. destructans infection were indentified. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the dynamic transcriptome triggered by C. destructans. These results improve our understanding of disease resistance in P. ginseng and provide a useful resource for quick detection of induced markers in P. ginseng before the comprehensive outbreak of this disease caused by C. destructans.
TRACKING THE COMPLEX ABSORPTION IN NGC 2110 WITH TWO SUZAKU OBSERVATIONS

We present spectral analysis of two Suzaku observations of the Seyfert 2 galaxy, NGC 2110. This source has been known to show complex, variable absorption which we study in depth by analyzing these two observations set 7 yr apart and by comparing them to previously analyzed observations with the XMM-Newton and Chandra observatories. We find that there is a relatively stable, full-covering absorber with a column density of ∼3× 1022 cm−2, with an additional patchy absorber that is likely variable in both column density and covering fraction over timescales of years, consistent with clouds in a patchy torus or in the broad line region. We model a soft emission line complex, likely arising from ionized plasma and consistent with previous studies. We find no evidence for reflection from an accretion disk in this source with contribution from neither relativistically broadened Fe Kα line emission, nor from a Compton reflection hump.
The Educational Attainment of the Children of the Danish 'Guest Worker' Immigrants

This paper analyses the educational attainment of young first generation immigrants in Denmark who are children of the ‘guest workers’ who immigrated from Turkey, Pakistan and Ex-Yugoslavia in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Beside the traditional intergenerational transmission mechanism, we analyse potential immigrant-specific factors as language proficiency, attending mother-tongue courses and expectations concerning out or return migration from Denmark. The results show that intergenerational transmission effects are strong among ‘guest worker’ immigrants, especially among men. Other important factors are Danish language proficiency, age at first marriage and a number variables reflecting parents’ and own attitudes concerning education, marriage and family. However, the ‘guest worker’ immigrants are not a homogenous group. The analyses reveal large differences between Turkish, Pakistani and Ex-Yugoslavian ‘guest workers’ with respect to their educational success and the factors behind.
Could Personalisation Reduce Re-offending? Reflections on Potential Lessons from British Social Care Reform for the British Criminal Justice System

Abstract Rising prison numbers and high rates of re-offending illustrate the need for criminal justice reform. In the social care sector, the ‘personalisation revolution’ has resulted in the near eradication of long-term, institutional care for the majority of people with disabilities and many frail older people, increasing satisfaction. This paper examines what this has entailed and considers the case for introducing personalisation in the criminal justice system. It concludes that criminal justice reformers can learn from the social care experience and suggests how personalisation might fit within the current criminal justice reform agenda. However, introducing personalisation will pose significant challenges, perhaps the biggest being the need to change criminal justice culture.
Window query-optimal clustering of spatial objects

During the last decade various spatial data structures have been designed and compared against each other with respect to their performance. Still missing is a lower bound result, e.g. an optimal spatial data clustering, which would allow for the absolute comparison of the performance of the well-known data structures with the optimum. In this paper, we address the static situation where the data is known in beforehand. An optimal data clustering for this setting will also provide a lower bound for the dynamic situation where the input data is not known in advance and the data structure is built up by iterated insertions. Using as performance measure the expected number of data bucket accesses needed to perform a window query, the static clustering problem turns into a classical optimization problem. For the special case of bucket capacity cb = 2 the optimization problem is solvable in polynomial time, whereas for cb 3 it is NP-hard. In experiments using simulated annealing heuristics for the optimization the best dynamic structures as well as the static packed R-tree perform about 20% worse than the optimum on average. However, we again want to emphazise that we understand our contribution as lower bound result rather than another speed-up variant of classical spatial data structures.
Adding Goal Priorities to Teleoreactive Logic Programs

When people have more than a single goal, they usually start with the most important one and continue on to the next. Artificial agents can use the same scheme, letting them work on multiple goals in the order of relative importance. Previously, we introduced the notion of a teleoreactive logic program that provides intelligent agents with reactive but goal-directed behavior. However, this formalism does not support multiple goals effectively, especially when they have different priorities. In this paper, we report a new framework, prioritized teleoreactive logic programs, that extends the previous formalism and that handles multiple goals in a modular fashion. We illustrate this approach in the domain of urban driving and we report experimental evidence of its advantages therein. We also consider the implications of prioritized goals for skill learning, along with related work on multi-goal processing.
Joint Ensemble Model for POS Tagging and Dependency Parsing

In this paper we present several approaches towards constructing joint ensemble models for morphosyntactic tagging and dependency parsing for a morphologically rich language ‐ Bulgarian. In our experiments we use state-of-the-art taggers and dependency parsers to obtain an extended version of the treebank for Bulgarian, BulTreeBank, which, in addition to the standard CoNLL fields, contains predicted morphosyntactic tags and dependency arcs for each word. In order to select the most suitable tag and arc from the proposed ones, we use several ensemble techniques, the result of which is a valid dependency tree. Most of these approaches show improvement over the results achieved individually by the tools for tagging and parsing.
Does Teacher Education Produce Better Special Education Teachers?

Twenty traditionally licensed first-year teachers and 20 first-year teachers with emergency provisional licensure were observed and evaluated by an experienced supervisor, unaware of licensure status, using a teacher rating scale with three subscales, based on a framework for teaching developed by Danielson (1996). The subscales included planning and preparation, classroom environment, and instruction. Teachers also completed self-ratings on a similar scale. Across all measures, traditionally licensed teachers were rated statistically significantly higher than were teachers holding emergency provisional licensure. Differences between the two groups were substantial, with effect sizes exceeding 1.5 standard deviation units. In sharp contrast, the two teacher groups did not rate themselves significantly different in teaching competence.
Fatty Acid Composition and Levels of Selected Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Four Commercial Important Freshwater Fish Species from Lake Victoria, Tanzania

Fatty acids (FAs) particularly ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play important role in human health. This study aimed to investigate the composition and levels of selected ω3 PUFAs in four commercial fish species, Nile perch (Lates niloticus), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Tilapia zillii, and dagaa (Rastrineobola argentea) from Mwanza Gulf in Lake Victoria. The results indicated that 36 types of FAs with different saturation levels were detected. These FAs were dominated by docosahexaenoic (DHA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA), and eicosatetraenoic acids. O. niloticus had the highest composition of FAs (34) compared to L. niloticus (27), T. zillii (26), and R. argentea (21). The levels of EPA differed significantly among the four commercial fish species (F = 6.19, P = 0.001). The highest EPA levels were found in R. argentea followed by L. niloticus and O. niloticus and the lowest in T. zillii. The DPA levels showed no significant difference among the four fish species studied (F = 0.652, P = 0.583). The study concluded that all four commercial species collected from Mwanza Gulf are good for human health, but R. argentea is the best for consumption because it contains higher levels of ω3 FAs, mainly EPA.
The nature of folded states of globular proteins

We suggest, using dynamical simulations of a simple heteropolymer modelling the α‐carbon sequence in a protein, that genetically the folded states of globular proteins correspond to statistically well‐defined metastable states. This hypothesis, called the metastability hypothesis, states that there are several free energy minima separated by barriers of various heights such that the folded conformations of a polypeptide chain in each of the minima have similar structural characteristics but have different energies from one another. The calculated structural characteristics, such as bond angle and dihedral angle distribution functions, are assumed to arise from only those configurations belonging to a given minimum. The validity of this hypothesis is illustrated by simulations of a continuum model of a heteropolymer whose low temperature state is a well‐defined β‐barrel structure. The simulations were done using a molecular dynamics algorithm (referred to as the “noisy” molecular dynamics method) containing both friction and noise terms. It is shown that for this model there are several distinct metastable minima in which the structural features are similar.
Evaluation of a portable device based on peripheral arterial tone for unattended home sleep studies.

BACKGROUND Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) by ambulatory systems is a growing practice in view of the large number of patients awaiting correct diagnosis. The Watch PAT100 (WP100) [Itamar Medical; Caesarea, Israel] is a portable device based on the peripheral arterial tone (PAT) signal, and is designed for unattended home sleep studies. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy, reliability, and reproducibility of the WP100 device for the diagnosis of OSAS as compared to in-laboratory, standard polysomnographic-based manual scoring. DESIGN AND METHODS One hundred two subjects (78 men; 69 patients with OSAS and 33 normal volunteers; mean +/- SD age, 41.4 +/- 15.2 years; body mass index, 26.8 +/- 5.5) underwent in-laboratory full polysomnography simultaneously with WP100 recording. Fourteen subjects also underwent two additional unattended home sleep studies with the WP100 alone. The polysomnography recordings were blindly scored for apnea/hypopnea according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria (1999), and the polysomnography respiratory disturbance index (RDI) [PSG-RDI] was calculated. The WP100 data were analyzed automatically for the PAT RDI (PRDI) by a proprietary algorithm that was previously developed on an independent group of subjects. RESULTS Across a wide range of RDI levels, the PRDI was highly correlated with the PSG-RDI (r = 0.88, p < 0.0001), with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82 and 0.87 for thresholds of 10 events per hour and 20 events per hour, respectively. The PRDI scores were also highly reproducible, showing high correlation between home and in-laboratory sleep studies (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The WP100 may offer an accurate, robust, and reliable ambulatory method for the detection of OSAS, with minimal patient discomfort.
The Health Impact of Intensive and Nonintensive Grandchild Care in Europe: New Evidence From SHARE

Objectives: Grandparents are an important source of childcare. However, caring for grandchildren may affect grandparents’ health in both positive and negative ways. Our study examines the association between grandparental childcare and grandparents’ health at 2- and 4-year follow-up. Method: Our study is based on grandparents aged 50 and older from Waves 1–4 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Using multivariate analyses, we investigated associations between intensive and nonintensive grandparental childcare at Wave 2 and subsequent health (self-rated health, depressive symptoms, and disability) controlling for covariates and health at baseline. Associations between changes over time in grandparental childcare and health at follow-up were also explored. Multiple imputation techniques and sensitivity analyses were undertaken to investigate possible biases arising from sample attrition. Results: Grandparents looking after grandchildren, whether intensively or nonintensively, experienced some health benefits. Associations strengthened when attrition was accounted for, particularly if it is assumed that those who dropped out of the study were in poor health. Discussion: Our results show better health among grandparents who provided grandchild care in the European countries studied. These results are important given the widespread provision of grandchild care in Europe.
Cognitive strategies used by marathoners in each quartile of a training run

The purpose of this study was to establish whether marathoners associate or dissociate more in particular quartiles of a training run. Sixty tape transcriptions of on-the-spot verbalised thoughts of 31 runners which had been collected during training runs were divided into quartiles and analysed according to thought categories. The 60 transcriptions were then further divided into four sub-groups based on the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) given by the runners after their training run recording sessions. Finally, the various cognitive strategies used by male runners were compared to those used by female runners. The results indicated significant differences in the cognitive strategies used in each quartile of all 60 transcriptions, and for groups with a RPE of 11-12, 13-14 and 15-18. Significant differences were also found in certain categories of thoughts for male and female runners. (S. African J. for Research in Sport, Physical Ed. and Recreation: 2002 24 (1): 87-100)
Forty Sixth CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems 2013 Lean Leadership fundamental principles and their application

But still, few enterprises succeed in maintaining a sustainable continuous improvement process (CIP). In many LPS, solely methods and tools are in focus of the implementation. But they merely represent the superficial elements of LPS. The actual key success factor is the involvement of employees in daily improvement. This can be achieved through a different way of leadership, the lean leadership. Although the importance of lean leadership has already been emphasized by many authors, so far no consistent structure or definition of this approach exist. Therefore, a literature study has been carried out, aimed at identifying the relevant principles of lean leadership. A subsequent survey reveals the application of lean leadership and points out future possibilities for improvement. The majority of participants confirms the particular importance of lean leadership and claim to apply almost all its elements in their enterprises. But the results also indicate that some elements have been misinterpreted and others are not used as thoroughly as they should. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Professor Pedro Filipe do Carmo Cunha
GA-based optimization and ANN-based SHEPWM generation for two-level inverter

Selective harmonic elimination (SHE) is a well-known PWM technique applied voltage source inverters (VSI) to control fundamental voltage and eliminate chosen harmonics. This technique requires the determination of optimum switching angles by solving the nonlinear equation set and a look-up table stored the switching times in a real-time application. This paper presents a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize offline of optimum 11-switching angles for three-phase two-level inverter. In addition, the paper proposes two Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) based solution. The first ANN was trained by the data obtained from GA to calculate the switching angles without using a look-up table. Second ANN was trained by using these switching angles to generate PWM signals. GA and ANN are performed by using MATLAB environment. The ANN-based SHEPWM was designed to obtain inverter output voltage which has a bipolar waveform with quarter-wave symmetry. The waveforms of inverter output voltage and load current are analyzed with FFT for a RL load.
Auditory evoked potentials: predicting speech therapy outcomes in children with phonological disorders

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether neurophysiologic responses (auditory evoked potentials) differ between typically developed children and children with phonological disorders and whether these responses are modified in children with phonological disorders after speech therapy. METHODS: The participants included 24 typically developing children (Control Group, mean age: eight years and ten months) and 23 children clinically diagnosed with phonological disorders (Study Group, mean age: eight years and eleven months). Additionally, 12 study group children were enrolled in speech therapy (Study Group 1), and 11 were not enrolled in speech therapy (Study Group 2). The subjects were submitted to the following procedures: conventional audiological, auditory brainstem response, auditory middle-latency response, and P300 assessments. All participants presented with normal hearing thresholds. The study group 1 subjects were reassessed after 12 speech therapy sessions, and the study group 2 subjects were reassessed 3 months after the initial assessment. Electrophysiological results were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Latency differences were observed between the groups (the control and study groups) regarding the auditory brainstem response and the P300 tests. Additionally, the P300 responses improved in the study group 1 children after speech therapy. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that children with phonological disorders have impaired auditory brainstem and cortical region pathways that may benefit from speech therapy.
Pricing for open access femtocell networks using market equilibrium and non-cooperative game

In this paper, we address the pricing problem in open-access femtocell networks. We use economic and game theoretic approaches such as market equilibrium and non-cooperative game to propose novel pricing schemes. In our proposed solutions, the per unit price of spectrum can be determined dynamically and mobile service providers can gain more revenue than the fixed pricing scheme. Furthermore, in our solutions, femtocell owners have more incentives and satisfaction to justify their participation in open-access use.
A SIM-MOF: three-dimensional organisation of single-ion magnets with anion-exchange capabilities.

The formation of a metal-organic framework (MOF) with nodes that have single-molecule magnet (SMM) behaviour has been achieved by using mononuclear lanthanoid analogues, also known as single-ion magnets (SIMs), which enormously simplifies the challenging issue of making SMM-MOFs. Here we present a rational design of a family of MOFs, [Ln(bipyNO)4](TfO)3⋅x solvent (Ln=Tb (1); Dy (2); Ho (3); Er (4); TfO=triflate), in which the lanthanoid centres have an square-antiprismatic coordination environment suitable for SIM behaviour. Magnetic measurements confirm the existence of slow magnetic relaxation typical of SMMs, which has been rationalised by means of a radial effective charge model. In addition, we have explored the incorporation of bulky polyoxometalates (POMs) into the cavities of the SIM-MOF by anion exchange, finding that they do not interfere with the slow magnetic relaxation. This demonstrates the robustness of the frameworks and opens the possibility of incorporating non-innocent anions.