Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recording and replaying system specific, source code transformations

During its lifetime, a software system is under continuous maintenance to remain useful. Maintenance can be achieved in activities such as adding new features, fixing bugs, improving the system's structure, or adapting to new APIs. In such cases, developers sometimes perform sequences of code changes in a systematic way. These sequences consist of small code changes (e.g., create a class, then extract a method to this class), which are applied to groups of related code entities (e.g., some of the methods of a class). This paper presents the design and proof-of-concept implementation of a tool called MacroRecorder. This tool records a sequence of code changes, then it allows the developer to generalize this sequence in order to apply it in other code locations. In this paper, we discuss MACRORECORDER's approach that is independent of both development and transformation tools. The evaluation is based on previous work on repetitive code changes related to rearchitecting. MacroRecorder was able to replay 92% of the examples, which consisted in up to seven code entities modified up to 66 times. The generation of a customizable, large-scale transformation operator has the potential to efficiently assist code maintenance.
Image Features in Space - Evaluation of Feature Algorithms for Motion Estimation in Space Scenarios

Image features are used in many computer vision applications. One important field of use is the visual navigation. The localization of robots can be done with the help of visual odometry. To detect its surrounding, a robot is typically equipped with different environment sensors like cameras or lidar. For such a multi sensor system the exact pose of each sensor is very important. To test, monitor and correct these calibration parameters, the ego-motion can be calculated separately by each sensor and compared. In this study we evaluate SIFT, SURF, ORB, AKAZE, BRISK, BRIEF and KAZE operator for visual odometry in a space scenario. Since there was no suitable space test data available, we have generated our own.
Local deformation gradients in epitaxial Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 layers investigated by transmission electron microscopy

Lead zirconate titanate samples are used for their piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties in various types of micro-devices. Epitaxial layers of tetragonal perovskites have a tendency to relax by forming ferroelastic domains. The accommodation of the a/c/a/c polydomain structure on a flat substrate leads to nanoscale deformation gradients which locally influence the polarization by flexoelectric effect. Here, we investigated the deformation fields in epitaxial layers of Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 grown on SrTiO3 substrates using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We found that the deformation gradients depend on the domain walls inclination ( or to the substrate interface) of the successive domains and we describe three different a/c/a domain configurations: one configuration with parallel a-domains and two configurations with perpendicular a-domains (V-shaped and hat--shaped). In the parallel configuration, the c-domains contain horizontal and vertical gradients of out-of-plane deformation. In the V-shaped and hat--shaped configurations, the c-domains exhibit a bending deformation field with vertical gradients of in-plane deformation. Each of these configurations is expected to have a different influence on the polarization and so the local properties of the film. The deformation gradients were measured using dark-field electron holography, a TEM technique, which offers a good sensitivity (0.1%) and a large field-of-view (hundreds of nanometers). The measurements are compared with finite element simulations.
Anatomy of the anterolateral ligament of the knee

In 1879, the French surgeon Segond described the existence of a ‘pearly, resistant, fibrous band’ at the anterolateral aspect of the human knee, attached to the eponymous Segond fracture. To date, the enigma surrounding this anatomical structure is reflected in confusing names such as ‘(mid‐third) lateral capsular ligament’, ‘capsulo‐osseous layer of the iliotibial band’ or ‘anterolateral ligament’, and no clear anatomical description has yet been provided. In this study, the presence and characteristics of Segond's ‘pearly band’, hereafter termed anterolateral ligament (ALL), was investigated in 41 unpaired, human cadaveric knees. The femoral and tibial attachment of the ALL, its course and its relationship with nearby anatomical structures were studied both qualitatively and quantitatively. In all but one of 41 cadaveric knees (97%), the ALL was found as a well‐defined ligamentous structure, clearly distinguishable from the anterolateral joint capsule. The origin of the ALL was situated at the prominence of the lateral femoral epicondyle, slightly anterior to the origin of the lateral collateral ligament, although connecting fibers between the two structures were observed. The ALL showed an oblique course to the anterolateral aspect of the proximal tibia, with firm attachments to the lateral meniscus, thus enveloping the inferior lateral geniculate artery and vein. Its insertion on the anterolateral tibia was grossly located midway between Gerdy's tubercle and the tip of the fibular head, definitely separate from the iliotibial band (ITB). The ALL was found to be a distinct ligamentous structure at the anterolateral aspect of the human knee with consistent origin and insertion site features. By providing a detailed anatomical characterization of the ALL, this study clarifies the long‐standing enigma surrounding the existence of a ligamentous structure connecting the femur with the anterolateral tibia. Given its structure and anatomic location, the ALL is hypothesized to control internal tibial rotation and thus to affect the pivot shift phenomenon, although further studies are needed to investigate its biomechanical function.
Analysis of audiometric notch as a noise-induced hearing loss phenotype in US youth: data from the National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2010

Abstract Objective: Bilateral audiometric notch (BN) at 4000–6000 Hz was identified as a noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) phenotype for genetic association analysis in college-aged musicians. This study analysed BN in a sample of US youth. Design: Prevalence of the BN within the study sample was determined and logistic-regression analyses were performed to identify audiologic and other demographic factors associated with BN. Computer-simulated “flat” audiograms were used to estimate potential influence of false-positive rates in estimating the prevalence of the BN. Study sample: 2348 participants (12–19 years) following the inclusion criteria were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2005–2010). Results: The prevalence of BN was 16.6%. Almost 55.6% of the participants showed notch in at least one ear. Noise exposure, gender, ethnicity and age showed significant relationship with the BN. Computer simulation revealed that 5.5% of simulated participants with “flat” audiograms showed BN. Conclusion: Association of noise exposure with BN suggests that it is a useful NIHL phenotype for genetic association analyses. However, further research is necessary to reduce false-positive rates in notch identification.
Optical Content Addressable Memory Matchline for 2-bit Address Look-Up at 10 Gb/s

We demonstrate the first experimental evaluation of a 10Gb/s optical matchline (ML) memory architecture that designates successfully whether an incoming 2-bit optical address is identical to the optical address stored in an optical content addressable memory (CAM) line. The optical CAM line is formed by two optical CAM cells, with every cell comprising a monolithically integrated InP flip-flop and an SOA-MZI-based XOR gate, while the ML is completed by a subsequent wavelength multiplexing element and a semiconductor optical amplifier-cross gain modulation gate. Error-free operation at 10Gb/s has been obtained for 2-bit optical addresses and for both content addressing and write memory functionalities.
Applied Bayesian Modelling

This section will review those books whose content and level re ect the general editorial policy of Technometrics. Publishers should send books for review to Eric R. Ziegel, BP Naperville Complex, Mail Code C-7, 150 West Warrenville Road, Naperville, IL 60563-8460 (ziegeler@bp.com). The opinions expressed in this section are those of the reviewers. These opinions do not represent positions of the reviewer’s organization and may not re ect those of the editors or the sponsoring societies. Listed prices re ect information provided by the publisher and may not be current. The book purchase programs of the American Society for Quality can provide some of these books at reduced prices for members. For information, contact the American Society for Quality, 1-800-248-1946.
Niobium Films as Rewritable Imaging Media

It is known that anodically-oxidized niobium(Nb)films make various colors. The driving force of coloration is considered to be thin film interference due to the Nb2O5 layer on the Nb film. In the case of the coloration due to thin film interference, there is a possibility that we can give a rewritable nature to Nb films by controlling the thickness of Nb2O5 layer. From the industrial point of view, it is preferable to give a rewritable nature to the color changeable Nb film since it may enable the Nb film to be used as new type of rewritable media such as color electronic paper. Therefore, the focus of this present work is to explore the possibility of these color Nb films as rewritable media. Our experimental data using a goniophotometer and a spectrophotometer suggest that our Nb films can be used as rewritable media by controlling preparation conditions.
Performance of Wireless Body Area Network in the presence of multipath and fading

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a wireless network designed with sensors in, on, or around the human body for the purpose of monitoring the physiological parameters of the body. Since the signal is transmitted in a wireless environment, it is expected that the signal will be affected by noise, interference and multipath fading. To successfully design and deploy such a wireless system, it is necessary to accurately estimate the signal parameters and their propagation behavior through the wireless channel. This paper investigates the performance of a WBAN when the effect of noise, interference and multipath fading are considered. The system performance is presented in terms of the bit error rate and outage probability as a function of the bit energy, multipath intensity profile, and number of active sensors. Results are obtained by numerical evaluation and simulation using MATLAB. Results show that the performance of the WBAN system is affected by the multipath channel parameters.
Thiazolidinediones and risk of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis

Background/Aims: A growing body of evidence has suggested that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) potentially reduce the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TZDs on CRC risk in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients and Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases was performed for studies evaluating the exposure to TZDs and reporting CRC risk in diabetic patients. Pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using fixed or random effects models. Results: A total of 10 observational studies reporting more than 18,972 CRC cases in 2,470,768 DM patients were included. Meta-analysis showed a 9% reduction in CRC risk associated with TZDs use in all studies [relative risk (RR) =0.91, 95% CI = 0.84–0.99, P = 0.03] and cohort studies (RR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80–0.99, P = 0.04), respectively. However, such effect was not shown in case–control studies. In subgroup analyses, lower CRC risk was found in Asian population (RR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.29–0.53, P = 0.00), and a trend toward lower CRC risk was observed in US population (RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.88–1.01, P = 0.08). CRC risk was significantly modified with non-pioglitazone TZD use (RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82–0.95, P = 0.00), but not with pioglitazone use (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.89–1.01, P = 0.11). No significant difference was observed with cancer site (colon or rectum). There was considerable inherent heterogeneity across studies, partly explained by study location. Conclusions: This meta-analysis supports a protective association between TZDs use and CRC risk in patients with DM. Future well-designed prospective studies with larger cohorts would be needed to understand this association better.
Recognition and Blocking of Innate Immunity Cells by Candida albicans Chitin

ABSTRACT Chitin is a skeletal cell wall polysaccharide of the inner cell wall of fungal pathogens. As yet, little about its role during fungus-host immune cell interactions is known. We show here that ultrapurified chitin from Candida albicans cell walls did not stimulate cytokine production directly but blocked the recognition of C. albicans by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and murine macrophages, leading to significant reductions in cytokine production. Chitin did not affect the induction of cytokines stimulated by bacterial cells or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), indicating that blocking was not due to steric masking of specific receptors. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, and Mincle (the macrophage-inducible C-type lectin) were not required for interactions with chitin. Dectin-1 was required for immune blocking but did not bind chitin directly. Cytokine stimulation was significantly reduced upon stimulation of PBMCs with heat-killed chitin-deficient C. albicans cells but not with live cells. Therefore, chitin is normally not exposed to cells of the innate immune system but is capable of influencing immune recognition by blocking dectin-1-mediated engagement with fungal cell walls.
A Secret-Key-Aided Scheme to Secure Transmissions From Single-Antenna RF-EH Source Nodes

We propose a two-phase artificial-noise-aided scheme to power a single-antenna energy-harvesting source node (Alice) and secure her transmissions to a multiple-antenna legitimate destination (Bob) in the presence of a multiple-antenna eavesdropper (Eve). A one-time pad (OTP) encryption scheme is used to ensure the security of the source’s information signal. In our proposed scheme, Bob sends a secret key to Alice then Alice uses an OTP encryption scheme to secure her transmissions. If Alice can correctly decode the secret key and has stored enough energy to ensure reliable information transmission (i.e., ensure no outages on her link to Bob), she sends her data packet to Bob. To secure the key signal from the eavesdropper, Bob uses a hybrid fast-fading and slow-fading multiplicative artificial-noise scheme. Power allocation between the multiplicative noise and the desired signal and time allocation between the two transmission phases are investigated.
Echo-Liquid State Deep Learning for 360° Content Transmission and Caching in Wireless VR Networks With Cellular-Connected UAVs

In this paper, the problem of content caching and transmission is studied for a wireless virtual reality (VR) network in which cellular-connected unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) capture videos on live games or sceneries and transmit them to small base stations (SBSs) that service the VR users. To meet the VR delay requirements, the UAVs can extract specific visible content (e.g., user field of view) from the original 360° VR data and send this visible content to the users so as to reduce the traffic load over backhaul and radio access links. The extracted visible content consists of 120° horizontal and 120° vertical images. To further alleviate the UAV-SBS backhaul traffic, the SBSs can also cache the popular contents that users request. This joint content caching and transmission problem are formulated as an optimization problem whose goal is to maximize the users’ reliability defined as the probability that the content transmission delay of each user satisfies the instantaneous VR delay target. To address this problem, a distributed deep learning algorithm that brings together new neural network ideas from liquid state machine (LSM), and echo state networks (ESNs) is proposed. The proposed algorithm enables each SBS to predict the users’ reliability so as to find the optimal contents to cache and content transmission format for each cellular-connected UAV. Analytical results are derived to expose the various network factors that impact content caching and content transmission format selection. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm yields 25.4% and 14.7% gains, in terms of reliability compared to Q-learning and a random caching algorithm, respectively.
Association of objectively measured sedentary behaviour and physical activity with cardiovascular disease risk

Background We evaluated the association of accelerometer-based sedentary behaviour and physical activity with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Design The design of this study used a population-based, cross-sectional sample. Methods A subsample of participants in the Health 2011 Study in Finland used the tri-axial accelerometer (≥4 days, >10 h/day, n = 1398). Sedentary behaviour (sitting, lying) and standing still in six-second epochs were recognised from raw acceleration data based on intensity and device orientation. The intensity of physical activity was calculated as one-minute moving averages of mean amplitude deviation of resultant acceleration and converted to metabolic equivalents. Metabolic equivalents were categorised to light physical activity (1.5–2.9 metabolic equivalents) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity≥3.0 metabolic equivalents). Daily sedentary behaviour, standing still, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were expressed as mean daily total time, accumulated time and number of different bouts (from 30 s to >30 min), mean daily metabolic equivalent and weekly peak metabolic equivalent levels of different bout lengths and number of breaks in sedentary behaviour. The ten-year cardiovascular disease risk was based on the Framingham risk model. Results The mean number of daily sedentary behaviour bouts was more strongly associated with cardiovascular disease risk than mean daily total time. In the best model, smaller waist circumference, greater value of mean daily metabolic equivalent levels of one-minute bouts, higher accumulated time of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity lasting ≤30 min, higher number of >5 min standing bouts and a higher number of long (>30 min) bouts of light physical activity were significantly associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk (R2 = 0.836). Conclusions The objectively measured number and accumulated time from different bout lengths of physical activity and sedentary behaviour were associated with cardiovascular disease risk, which is considered relevant for estimating cardiovascular diseases and for devising preventive actions.
Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage.

The 2008 edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues recognizes a special category called "leukemias of ambiguous lineage. " The vast majority of these rare leukemias are classified as mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), although acute undifferentiated leukemias and natural killer lymphoblastic leukemias are also included. The major immunophenotypic markers used by the WHO 2008 to determine the lineage for these proliferations are myeloperoxidase, CD19, and cytoplasmic CD3. However, extensive immunophenotyping is necessary to confirm that the cells indeed belong to 2 different lineages or coexpress differentiation antigens of more than 1 lineage. Specific subsets of MPAL are defined by chromosomal anomalies such as the t(9;22) Philadelphia chromosome BCR-ABL1 or involvement of the MLL gene on chromosome 11q23. Other MPAL are divided into B/myeloid NOS, T/myeloid NOS, B/T NOS, and B/T/myeloid NOS. MPAL are usually of dire prognosis, respond variably to chemotherapy of acute lymphoblastic or acute myeloblastic type, and benefit most from rapid allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for early stage Hodgkin lymphoma

BACKGROUND Combined modality treatment (CMT) consisting of chemotherapy followed by localised radiotherapy is standard treatment for patients with early stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). However, due to long term adverse effects such as secondary malignancies, the role of radiotherapy has been questioned recently and some clinical study groups advocate chemotherapy only for this indication. OBJECTIVES We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing chemotherapy alone with CMT in patients with early stage Hodgkin lymphoma with respect to response rate, progression-free survival (alternatively tumour control) and overall survival (OS). SEARCH STRATEGY We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL as well as conference proceedings from January 1980 to November 2010 for randomised controlled trials comparing chemotherapy alone to the same chemotherapy regimen plus radiotherapy. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials comparing chemotherapy alone with CMT in patients with early stage HL. Trials in which the chemotherapy differed between treatment arms were excluded. Trials with more than 20% of patients in advanced stage were also excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Effect measures used were hazard ratios (HR) for tumour control and OS as well as relative risks for response rates. Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed quality of trials. We contacted study authors to obtain missing information. Since none of the trials reported progression-free survival according to our definitions, all similar outcomes were evaluated as tumour control. MAIN RESULTS Five RCTs involving 1245 patients were included. The HR was 0.41 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25 to 0.66) for tumour control and 0.40 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.61) for OS for patients receiving CMT compared to chemotherapy alone. Complete response rates were similar between treatment groups. In sensitivity analyses another six trials were included that did not fulfil the inclusion criteria of our protocol but were considered relevant to the topic. These trials underlined the results of the main analysis. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Adding radiotherapy to chemotherapy improves tumour control and overall survival in patients with early stage Hodgkin lymphoma.
Autophagy balances inflammation in innate immunity

ABSTRACT Macroautophagy/autophagy is a homeostatic process with multiple effects on immunity. One of the pivotal contributions of autophagy in immunity is the cell autonomous control of inflammation. This property leads to systemic consequences and thereby influences the development of innate and adaptive immunity, which promotes or suppresses pathology in various disease contexts. In this review we focus on the intersections between autophagy and inflammasome activation, autophagy and interferons, and autophagy and inflammation in association with infection.