Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Eyelids Distance Detection in Gray Scale Images

In this paper a new method for finding the distance between eyelids, in order to determine the open or closed state of eye, has been introduced. For this aim, first the gray scale image of eye region is converted into a binary image. Next, a differential variance projection function is applied on the binary image of eye region in horizontally direction to show the uppermost and lowest points on the eyelid edges. Having the distance between these two points, the distance between two eyelids will be obtained. This distance may be used as a criterion in recognizing the open or closed state of eye. We have used numerous and different images to evaluate the efficiency of the presented method, and the obtained results have convinced us that the applied algorithm is efficient
Expression of Distinct Neural Crest Lineages Phenotypic Diversification in Human Neuroblastoma Cells : Updated

Previous studies of the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH had demonstrated the presence of and phenotypic interconversion (transdifferentiation) between two morphologically and biochemically distinct cell types: N (neuroblastic) cells with properties of noradrenergic neurons and S (substrate-adherent) cells with properties of melanocytes. Current studies have sought to test the generality of these findings among other cultured human neuroblastoma cell lines and to define further the S-cell phenotype and that of a newly identified, morphologically intermediate, I-type cell. Morphologically homogeneous populations (clonal sublines or subpopulations) of N, S, and I cells were isolated from five additional neuroblastoma cell lines and analyzed biochemically for neuronal, glial, and melanocytic marker enzyme activities and norepinephrine uptake. Immunoblot techniques were used to detect intermediate filament proteins (neurofilament protein, vimentin, glial fibrillar}' acidic protein) and fibronectin. All N-type cells exhibited neuronal marker enzyme activities, specific uptake of norepinephrine, and presence of one or more neurofil ament proteins. S-type cells generally lacked neuronal characteristics but contained, instead, tyrosinase activity (a melanocytic marker enzyme), vimentin, and fibronectin. This combination of attributes is suggestive of a multipoli-m embryonal precursor cell of the neural crest. I-type cells differentially expressed both Sand N-cell properties and could represent either a stem cell or an intermediate in the transdifferentiation process. Studies of the biological significance of human neuroblastoma cell transdifferentiation and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process may be of relevance to the biological and clinical behavior of this tumor in the patient.
Negative Information and Proprioception in Monte Carlo Self-Localization for a 4-Legged Robots

This work explores how extended modeling of sensors and robot motion can be used to improve Markov localization by monitoring deviations of actual measurements from expected sensor readings. By comparing target and actual motions of robot joints, proprioception is achieved yielding a quality measure for the current odometry. a quality measure for odometry that helps differentiate periods of unhindered motion from periods where robot motion was impaired for whatever reason. By negative information we denote the absence of an expected sensor reading. Negative information is seldom used in localization because it yields less information than positive information (i.e. sensing a landmark) and a sensor often fails to detect a landmark, even if it falls within its sensing range. We address these difficulties by carefully modeling the sensor to avoid false negatives. In real world experiments, we are able to demonstrate that a robot is able to localize in positions where without the use of negative information it could not.
Laser welding of high carbon steels

Laser welding, unlike conventional arc or gas welding, can be effectively utilised to produce high quality, clean and tough welds in high carbon steels. Results of welding high carbon steel are presented. The weld characteristics related to the fast cooling rate were critically evaluated and methods to reduce the rate of cooling were developed. The grain size produced in the fusion and narrow heat affected zones significantly affected the mechanical properties of the welded joint. Three lasers were used: Nd:YAG, CO2 and a high power laser diode (HPDL). The investigations were carried out using a pulsed, 400 W, Nd:YAG laser, a CW, 1.2 kW, CO2 laser and a CW, 1.4 kW high power diode laser. For the Nd:YAG laser, the dual beam delivery system was achieved with a step index fibre to produce in-line process heat-treatment during welding. The spatial and temporal temperature distribution was controlled in the weld region to generate the desired mechanical properties, without losing the benefits of this low distortion joining process. For the CO2 laser system, a dual beam system was successfully designed, fabricated and the performance of the multiple beam system was evaluated. The welding quality was characterised by quantifying the effect of different laser parameters and welding geometry, including flat, angular, clamped and unclamped. The welding performance of the Nd-YAG laser was dependent on the welding speed, pulse width and pulse repetition frequency (PRF). The effect of varying the laser parameters was quantified by measuring the hardness profiles, tensile strength, weld width, weld penetration and the rare of weld volume formation. Furthermore, microscopic examination was conducted at the welded joint. The quality of the welds was improved by increasing the pulse width and pulse repetition frequency (PRF), achieving a deeper penetration, wider weld width and greater weld volume formation rate and a tougher weld. At a slower welding speed, and for the higher pulse width and PRF, the hardness profiles were greatly reduced due to the greater spatial overlap of laser beam on the workpiece.
Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Using Frame Theory

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging is conventionally addressed by means of fast Fourier transform (FFT) method. In this paper, a frame processing method derived based on frame theory for ISAR imaging is proposed as an alternative to FFT based approaches. In this method, a finite set of K consecutive target returns after a front-end processing by radar receiver are treated as a vector in a Hilbert space where a frame structure is defined. A frame and its dual are constructed as the functions of waveform and processing parameters and the target rotation rate. The latter can be estimated online. For certain classes of high resolution radar (HRR) waveforms, we show that it is possible to use standard methods of frame analysis and synthesis to reconstruct the ISAR image from radar returns. This method is analogous to those of reflective tomography, and does not suffer from the “range walk” problem exhibited by the FFT based approaches which poses constraints on the feasible aperture size for observing a target. Both simulated and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Practical implementation and issues of the proposed frame processing technique are also discussed.
Interactive ray tracing of point-based models

Point-based methods have recently gained significant interest, as their simplicity and independence of connectivity make them a simple and powerful tool in both modelling and rendering. Still, their use for high-quality and photorealistic rendering is still in its infancy, in particular for interactive applications. This paper describes a framework for interactively ray tracing point-based models based on a combination of an implicit surface representation, an efficient surface intersection algorithm, and a specially designed acceleration structure. Using this framework allows for interactively ray tracing even highly complex models on a single PC, including global illumination effects and the interactive visualization of a 24-million-point model with ray traced shadows.
APPENDIX 1 : Router actions for SACL management Packet Type ?

Bi-directional shared tree is an efficient routing scheme for interactive multicast applications with multiple sources. Given the open-group IP multicast service model, it is important to support sender access control in order to prevent group members from receiving irrelevant data, and also to protect the multicast tree from Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. Compared with source specific and uni-directional shared trees, where information sources can be authorized or authenticated at the single root or Rendezvous Point (RP), in bidirectional trees this problem is more pronounced since hosts can send data to the shared tree from any point in the network. In this paper we propose a scalable sender access control policy mechanism for bi-directional shared trees so that irrelevant data is policed and discarded once it arrives at an on-tree router. We consider both intraand inter-domain routing, so that the mechanism can cope with large-scale multicast applications or many concurrent multicast sessions across multiple administrative domains.
Implementation Issues to Provide the GFR Service Guarantees to TCP/IP Traffic

The performance of various GFR (Guaranteed Frame Rate) implementations has been recently studied due to the interest to provide bandwidth guarantees with a simpler implementation than ABR in ATM networks. In this paper we describe and evaluate a scheduling algorithm to provide the GFR service guarantees. The evaluation is performed by simulation using TCP connections. The proposed scheduling is compared with the Weighted Fair Queuing implementation. We study in detail the problem of providing minimum cell rate guarantees in case of cell l oses with both implementations and show a possible solution which requires modifying both the TCP flow control mechanism and the buffer management.
Glutathionylspermidine in the Modification of Protein SH Groups: The Enzymology and Its Application to Study Protein Glutathionylation

Cysteine is very susceptible to reactive oxygen species. In response; posttranslational thiol modifications such as reversible disulfide bond formation have arisen as protective mechanisms against undesired in vivo cysteine oxidation. In Gram-negative bacteria a major defense mechanism against cysteine overoxidation is the formation of mixed protein disulfides with low molecular weight thiols such as glutathione and glutathionylspermidine. In this review we discuss some of the mechanistic aspects of glutathionylspermidine in prokaryotes and extend its potential use to eukaryotes in proteomics and biochemical applications through an example with tissue transglutaminase and its S-glutathionylation.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on State-Owned Enterprises Reform

The increasing speed of globalisation has created both opportunities and challenges to many transitional economies. This paper analyses the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the productivity of the State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and concludes that SOE reform is inevitable. The SOEs’ obligations to provide social welfare should be removed to enable them to compete on an equal footing with foreign firms. Moreover, it is essential to build a social safety net to assist the losers in this reform. These policies will facilitate the transition from central planning to open market economy without triggering devastating unemployment and social instability. JEL classification: F23, O19, O53, P33
The Software Concordance: using a uniform document model to integrate program analysis and hypermedia

Since the source code is only one of many types of documents that must be maintained as a software system evolves, modern software development could be improved by better interoperability between source code and other software documents. The Software Concordance is a prototype programming environment that uses hypermedia services and a uniform document model to achieve this interoperability. The Software Concordance editor allows developers to enhance their inline documentation with multimedia objects and hyperlinks, while still supporting advanced program analysis including lexing, parsing and type checking. We motivate the need for environments like the Software Concordance, describe the design and implementation of its program editor, and discuss lessons learned while creating it. The system is based on a uniform, Web compatible document model for both program source code and nonprogram software documents and a corresponding API. Important technical problems addressed by this research include creating a persistent representation of program lexemes that the analysis suite considers to be ephemeral (such as keywords), providing a simple incremental parsing system, and embedding multimedia in source code without disrupting program analysis. Based on insight gained in the process of implementing the document API, a new approach to the design of a more suitable program analysis infrastructure is suggested.
MP-DNA: A novel distributed replica placement heuristic for WMNs

Content replication and placement is an area that has been well explored in the scope of Content Delivery Networks (CDNs), but has received relatively less attention from the research community when it comes to Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). There are a number of Replica Placement Algorithms (RPAs) that are specifically designed for CDNs. But they do not consider the special features of wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a new heuristic called MP-DNA (Multiple Partitions per Delegate Node Assignment). We study the problem of optimal content replication and placement in WMNs. In our model, each mesh router acts as a replica server with limited storage capacity. The challenge is to replicate content as close as possible to the requesting clients and thus reduce the access latency per object, while minimizing the number of replicas. We formulate this problem in terms of combinatorial optimization and propose a novel, distributed, scalable heuristic for content replication. Using simulation tests, we demonstrate that MP-DNA is scalable, performing well with respect to the number of replica servers and the number of objects. Furthermore, MP-DNA can achieve a performance close to the Greedy-Global heuristic, with a significant reduction in running time, mean throughput and storage space required.
Multi-mission Path Re-planning for Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on Unexpected Events

Natural disasters such as forest fires, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, hurricanes, and cyclones happen unexpectedly and bring out the worst influence on people. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) could be used under these disasters for surveillance, search and rescue. In order to have good performances in mission areas, effective algorithms are required in mission re-tasking and path re-planning to handle unanticipated events or any environmental disturbances. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to deal with path re-planning for multi-mission of multi-UAV under environments with unexpected events. A group of UAVs are considered to perform joint missions. Each UAV plans its own initial, optimal or sub-optimal path using Voronoi graph and Dijkstra algorithm. Our algorithm is then employed to assign a distinct task to each UAV and to re-plan its path based on new multi-mission requirement corresponding to some unexpected events. In addition to a theoretical analysis of the algorithm, the paper has also provided relevant simulation results which have shown that the algorithm can be used effectively for multiple cooperating UAVs’ path re-planning under uncertain and dynamic disaster environments.
2016 Ieee International Conference on Big Data (big Data) a Popularity-aware Cost-effective Replication Scheme for High Data Durability in Cloud Storage

—Cloud storage system usually experiences data loss, hindering data durability. Three-way random replication is commonly used to prevent data loss in cloud storage systems. However, it cannot effectively handle correlated machine failures. Although Copyset Replication and Tiered Replication can reduce data loss in correlated and independent failures and enhance data durability, they fail to leverage different data popularities to substantially reduce the storage cost and bandwidth cost caused by replication. To address these issues, we present a popularity-aware multi-failure resilient and cost-effective replication (PM-CR) scheme for high data durability in cloud storage. PMCR splits the cloud storage system into primary tier and backup tier, and classifies data into hot data, warm data and cold data based on data popularities. To handle both correlated and independent failures, PMCR stores the three replicas of the same data into one Copyset formed by two servers in the primary tier and one server in the backup tier. For the third replicas of warm data and cold data in the backup tier, PMCR uses the Similar Compression method for read-intensive data and uses the Delta Compression method for write-intensive data to reduce storage cost and bandwidth cost. As a result, these costs are reduced and data durability and availability are enhanced without compromising data request delay greatly. Extensive experiment results based on trace parameters show that PMCR achieves high data durability, low probability of data loss, and low storage cost and bandwidth cost compared to previous replication schemes. I. INTRODUCTION Cloud providers, such as Amazon S3 [1], Google Cloud Storage (GCS) [2] and Windows Azure [3] offer storage as a service. It is important for cloud providers to reduce Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations to provide high quality of service and reduce the associated penalties [4–6]. High data durability is usually required to meet SLAs. Durability means the data objects that an application has stored into the system are not lost due to machine failures (e.g., disk failure) [7]. Data loss caused by machine failures typically affects data durability. Machine failures usually can be categorized into correlated machine failures and non-correlated machine failures. Correlated machine failures refer to the events in which multiple nodes (i.e., servers) fail concurrently due to the common failure causes [8–10] (e.g., cluster power outages, Denial-of-Service attacks), and this type of failures often occur in large-scale storage systems [8, 11–13]. Significant data loss is caused by correlated machine failures [8], which …
MisTable: reach-through personal screens for tabletops

We present MisTable, a tabletop system that combines a conventional horizontal interactive surface with personal screens between the user and the tabletop surface. These personal screens, built using fog, are both see-through and reach-through. Being see-through provides direct line of sight of the personal screen and the elements behind it on the tabletop. Being reach-through allows the user to switch from interacting with the personal screen to reaching through it to interact with the tabletop or the space above it. The personal screen allows a range of customisations and novel interactions such as presenting 2D personal contents on the screen, 3D contents above the tabletop or augmenting and relighting tangible objects differently for each user. Besides, having a personal screen for each user allows us to customize the view of each of them according to their identity or preferences. Finally, the personal screens preserve all well-established tabletop interaction techniques like touch and tangible interactions. We explore the challenges in building such a reach-through system through a proof-of-concept implementation and discuss the possibilities afforded by the system.
Research of coal quality detection management information system in coal enterprise

On the basis of deeply studying coal quality inspection management business process, and combine with open source framework technology, we have designed a coal quality detection management information system based on J2EE. The system uses jxl report processing technology and vector graphics library Raphael, and makes it easy for users to analyze the coal seam and coal quality visually. The trial results show that the coal quality detection management information system could have excellent stability and expandability and would have wide application prospects in the information management of coal enterprise.
A practical approach for 1/4-SHPEDs

Avoiding crossings for reducing visual clutter is one of the main objectives in the area of graph drawing. Apart from work on geometric solutions to this problem, there are radical approaches originating from information visualization in which edges are drawn just partially. Theory on this approach is already established in several directions and 1/4-SHPED arose as standard. A 1/4-SHPED (Symmetric Homogeneous Partial Edge Drawing) is a drawing model in which vertices are drawn as points and edges as two pieces (= stubs) of a straight-line segment, each incident to a vertex, without any crossing stubs, and with stub size 1/4 of the total edge length. If crossings are permitted in a 1/4-SHPED, we call it 1/4-nSHPED (n = nearly). 1/4-nSHPEDs and 1/4-SHPEDs help the reader inferring adjacent vertices by approximating the distance due to four times the stub length. Symmetry of stubs helps to verify adjacency. We describe a force-directed algorithm that aims at producing a 1/4-SHPED. The algorithm is finally evaluated with several classes of graphs.
Role of Clp Proteins in Expression of Virulence Properties of Streptococcus mutans

ABSTRACT Mutational analysis revealed that members of the Clp system, specifically the ClpL chaperone and the ClpXP proteolytic complex, modulate the expression of important virulence attributes of Streptococcus mutans. Compared to its parent, the ΔclpL strain displayed an enhanced capacity to form biofilms in the presence of sucrose, had reduced viability, and was more sensitive to acid killing. The ΔclpP and ΔclpX strains displayed several phenotypes in common: slow growth, tendency to aggregate in culture, reduced autolysis, and reduced ability to grow under stress, including acidic pH. Unexpectedly, the ΔclpP and ΔclpX mutants were more resistant to acid killing and demonstrated enhanced viability in long-term survival assays. Biofilm formation by the ΔclpP and ΔclpX strains was impaired when grown in glucose but enhanced in sucrose. In an animal study, the average number of S. mutans colonies recovered from the teeth of rats infected with the ΔclpP or ΔclpX strain was slightly lower than that of the parent strain. In Bacillus subtilis, the accumulation of the Spx global regulator, a substrate of ClpXP, has accounted for the ΔclpXP phenotypes. Searching the S. mutans genome, we identified two putative spx genes, designated spxA and spxB. The inactivation of either of these genes bypassed phenotypes of the clpP and clpX mutants. Western blotting demonstrated that Spx accumulates in the ΔclpP and ΔclpX strains. Our results reveal that the proteolysis of ClpL and ClpXP plays a role in the expression of key virulence traits of S. mutans and indicates that the underlying mechanisms by which ClpXP affect virulence traits are associated with the accumulation of two Spx orthologues.
Molecular Cancer Pre-apoptotic Response to Therapeutic Dna Damage Involves Protein Modulation of Mcl-1, Hdm2 and Flt3 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are characterized by non-mutated TP53, high levels of Hdm2, and frequent mutation of the Flt3 receptor tyrosine kinase. The juxtamembrane mutation of FLT3 is the strongest independent marker for disease relapse and is associated with elevated Bcl-2 protein and p53 hyper-phosphorylation in AML. DNA damage forms the basic mechanism of cancer cell eradication in current therapy of AML.