Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Late-life deficits in cognitive, physical and emotional functions, childhood intelligence and occupational profile: a life-course examination of the Aberdeen 1936 Birth Cohort (ABC1936).

OBJECTIVES the 'triad of impairment' phenomenon describes the co-occurrence of age-related cognitive, emotional and physical functioning deficits. We investigated how occupational profile and childhood intelligence contribute to the triad of impairment in late life. METHODS we analysed data of a subsample of the Aberdeen Birth Cohort of 1936 (n = 346). Data were collected on participants' childhood intelligence, late-life cognitive ability, physical functioning, depressive symptoms and main lifetime occupation. We summarised the various occupational and impairment measures into two latent variables, 'occupational profile' and the 'triad of impairment'. We used a series of data reduction approaches and structural equation models (SEMs) of increasing complexity to test both the validity of the models and to understand causal relationships between the life-course risks for the triad of impairment. RESULTS occupational profile had a significant effect on the triad of impairment independent of childhood intelligence. Childhood intelligence was the predominant influence on the triad of impairment and exerted its effect directly and indirectly via its influence on occupation. The direct effect of childhood intelligence exceeded the independent influence of the occupational profile on impairment by a factor of 1.7-1.8 and was greater by a factor of ∼4 from the indirect pathway (via occupation). CONCLUSIONS childhood intelligence was the predominant influence on the triad of impairment in late life, independently of the occupational profile. Efforts to reduce impairment in older adults should be informed by a life-course approach with special attention to the early-life environment.
The dilemma of data security, privacy, control and liability in V2X

It is foreseen that vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication systems will be deployed in the next decade. Data security is an enabler for V2V and V2I communication, because the authenticity, integrity and confidentiality of exchanged network traffic must be guaranteed, especially since these messages will certainly be used for safety applications. Furthermore, privacy of the participants must be ensured. While there are mechanisms available to provide protection against mechanical or electronic failures, data security provides protection against malicious attacks motivated by ill will. Malicious parties might attack the communication channel or try to manipulate the integrity of data stored or processed in vehicles. Data security enables trustable safety applications and thus results in fruitful business model revenue. Unfortunately, designing and implementing data security in V2X is not a trivial task but needs to be considered from various perspectives. This article will present the main problems and show approaches to overcome these.
Prevalence of Campylobacter in Wild Birds of the Mid-Atlantic Region, USA

We evaluated the occurrence of three Campylobacter species—C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari—from 333 wild bird fecal samples collected at Tri-State Bird Rescue and Research in Newark, Delaware, in 2008. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction, we detected C. jejuni from six avian families with an overall prevalence rate of 7.2%. We did not detect any other Campylobacter species. Cam-pylobacter jejuni prevalence ranged widely between different avian families with crows (Corvidae) and gulls (Laridae) having the highest prevalence rates (23% and 25%, respectively).
A Combined Stochastic Memory Model for ADL Detection

Many HAR (Human Activity Recognition) systems are able to detect sequential executed ADL (Activity of Daily Living). While a person is capable of doing two things in parallel or to pause one ADL and finishing it later a HAR system (HARS) must be capable to remember ADL states and decide which ADL is completed and which might be continued after the current ADL. We address this case by combining a stochastic Markov Model and a psychological memory function to detect parallel and nested ADL. For the evaluation, we use an input dataset and benchmark for comparison, which is publicly available [1]. Our approach outperforms the leading HARS for this benchmark by 2% points while using a more cost effective installation environment. Furthermore we address an unsupervised learning method to train the HARS and explain the algorithm of parallel ADL detection in detail.
AtbZIP 34 is required for Arabidopsis pollen wall patterning 3 and the control of several metabolic pathways in developing pollen 4

9 Abstract Sexual plant reproduction depends on the pro10 duction and differentiation of functional gametes by the 11 haploid gametophyte generation. Currently, we have a 12 limited understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that 13 have evolved to specify the gametophytic developmental 14 programs. To unravel such mechanisms, it is necessary to 15 identify transcription factors (TF) that are part of such 16 haploid regulatory networks. Here we focus on bZIP TFs 17 that have critical roles in plants, animals and other king18 doms. We report the functional characterization of Ara19 bidopsis thaliana AtbZIP34 that is expressed in both 20 gametophytic and surrounding sporophytic tissues during 21 flower development. T-DNA insertion mutants in Atb22 ZIP34 show pollen morphological defects that result in 23 reduced pollen germination efficiency and slower pollen 24 tube growth both in vitro and in vivo. Light and fluores25 cence microscopy revealed misshapen and misplaced 26 nuclei with large lipid inclusions in the cytoplasm of atb27 zip34 pollen. Scanning and transmission electron micros28 copy revealed defects in exine shape and micropatterning 29 and a reduced endomembrane system. Several lines of 30 evidence, including the AtbZIP34 expression pattern and 31 the phenotypic defects observed, suggest a complex role in 32 male reproductive development that involves a sporophytic 33 role in exine patterning, and a sporophytic and/or game34 tophytic mode of action of AtbZIP34 in several metabolic 35 pathways, namely regulation of lipid metabolism and/or 36 cellular transport. 37 38
Teaching Programming to Large Student Groups through Test Driven Development - Comparing Established Methods with Teaching based on Test Driven Development

This paper presents an approach for teaching programming in large university classes based on test driven development (TDD) methods. The approach aims at giving the students an industry-like environment already in their education and introduces full automation and feedback programming classes through unit testing. The focus for this paper is to compare the novel approach with existing teaching methods. It does so by comparing introduction to programming classes in two institutions. One university ran a TDD teaching process with fully automated assessments and feedback, while the other ran a more traditional on-line environment with manual assessments and feedback. The TDD approach has clear advantages when it comes to learning programming as it is done in the industry, including being familiar with tools and approaches used. However, it lacks ways of dealing with cheating and stimulating creativity in student submissions.
Spirituality and Quality of Life and Its Effect on Depression in Older Adults in Mexico

th , 2012; revised January 27 th , 2013; accepted February 24 th , 2013 The quality of life (QOL) appears as an object of study of psychology, as a central component of human well-being. The quality of life in the elderly is especially relevant because as the years go the older persons can have lost health, the social role, the cognitive functioning, the power financial and their family. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the impact of psychological variables associated with quality of life in Mexican elderly. A sample of 75 elderly people between 60 and 87 years (mean = 65, SD = 9.41), 45 women and 30 men, assigned to a health clinic. QOL was measured with the WHOQOL, and an ex post facto design, three groups were formed by the level obtained with depressive symptoms GDS: (G1) absent (n1 = 42), (G2) mild (n2 = 19) and (G3) moderate-severe (n3 = 14). An acceptable correlation between QOL and spirituality (r = .523, p < .0001). A negative association between QOL and depression (r = −.482, p < .0001). The QOL showed differences between groups with different levels of depressive symptoms (F(2.72) = 15.212, p < . 0001). The QOL exhibited differences between diseased subjects (QOL = 61.19) and non-diseased (QOL = 66.61) (t = 2.025, p < .046). There were differences in the level of spirituality (Sp) among elderly patients (Sp = 64.77) and non-elderly patients (Sp = 75.0) (t = 2.37, df = 97, p < .02). The QOL in the elderly can be improved with psychological interventions to help reduce depression, where spirituality can be a resource and coping strategy to strengthen other areas of aging.
Recognition of Non-Manual Expressions in Brazilian Sign Language

Individuals with some degree of hearing impairment typically face difficulties in communicating with hearing individuals and during the acquisition of reading and writing skills. Sign language (SL) is a language structured in gestures that, as any other human language, present variations around the world and that is widely adopted by the deaf. Automatic Sign Language Recognition (ASLR) technology aims to translate sign language gestures in to written or spoken sentences of a target language with the goal of improving the communication between deaf and hearing individuals. Recently, ASLR research community started to appreciate the importance of non-manual signs, since they are related to grammatical and affective meaning of a sentence. The present research project aims to develop an automatic recognition system of non-manual signs expressed by the face. Our object of study is the Brazilian Sign Language, also called LIBRAS. This paper presents our first steps to approach the problem.
Subcellular fractionation methods and strategies for proteomics

Developments in subcellular fractionation strategies have provided the means to profile and analyze the protein composition of organelles and cellular structures by proteomics. Here, we review the application of classical (e.g. density gradient centrifugation) and emerging sophisticated techniques (fluorescent‐assisted organelle sorting) in the fractionation, and statistical/bioinformatics tools for the prediction of protein localization in subcellular proteomics. We also review the validation methods currently used (such as microscopy, RNA interference and multiple reaction monitoring) and discuss the importance of verification of the results obtained in subcellular proteomics. Finally, the numerous challenges facing subcellular proteomics including the dynamics of organelles are being examined. However, complementary approaches such as modern statistics, bioinformatics and large‐scale integrative analysis are beginning to emerge as powerful tools to proteomics for analyzing subcellular organelles and structures.
Header compression for ad-hoc networks

The army is focusing on mobile ad-hoc communications for squad-level operations, sensor systems, and other networks throughout the tactical battle space. The widespread use of real-time voice and data applications characterized by smaller packet payloads, coupled with the eventual deployment of Ipv6 will lead to larger header overhead and a corresponding reduction in bandwidth efficiency. This reduction in bandwidth efficiency can be mitigated through the use of header compression techniques. Early work on header compression focused on slow serial links and wired networks with low error rates. More recent work has addressed loss and error propagation issues associated with high error rates and long round-trip times commonly found on wireless links. However, context initialization and control-message overhead issues associated with node mobility in ad-hoc networks have not been addressed. This paper presents an efficient header compression protocol for improved performance over mobile ad-hoc networks. The protocol uses a novel context initialization algorithm that leverages on routing information to minimize the overhead of frequent context initializations and routing messages during periods of high node mobility. It relies on a hybrid hop-by-hop/end-to-end header compression framework and uses stateless compression of control messages. The overall result is increased network capacity and line efficiency for ad-hoc environments encountered in tactical communications.
Real Time Dynamic Neural Network ( RTDNN )

This paper describes a new neural network able to adapt itself, both its parameters and its structure, to a data set in real-time conditions. The adaptation is based on a nonsupervised learning procedure. The new neural network can automatically create interconnections between neurons using any generic activation function. Still another important feature of this new neural network is the use of few neurons to make a good prediction using a reduced number of examples. This is relevant in order to make fast calculations using few resources in real-time applications. Some examples using this neural network are included in order to demonstrate its good performance. These examples use elliptical Gausian functions as domains for the neurons.
Functional heterogeneity of murine lymphoid cells. 3. Differential responsiveness of T cells to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A as a probe for T cell subsets.

The mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) stimulate only those mouse lymphocytes which have undergone differentiation within the thymus and thus bear the differentiation antigen θ. However, not all thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) react equally to both mitogens, and the differential responsiveness of T cells to PHA and Con A may be used to indicate the existence of T cell subsets. One subpopulation of T cells exists which demonstrates approximately equal reactivity to both mitogens and bears a relatively high density of θ determinants. Another subpopulation exists which responds mainly to Con A, and bears a relatively reduced density of θ determinants. T cell subsets so delineated also differ in their recirculation patterns, radiation sensitivities, location in peripheral lymphoid tissue, and most importantly, in their function. These differential characteristics may represent the capabilities of T cells in various stages of differentiation within one T cell line. On the other hand, these cells may be representative of two distinct T cell lines and preliminary evidence consistent with this possibility is presented.
Cooperators benefit through reputation-based partner choice in economic games

Explaining unconditional cooperation, such as donations to charities or contributions to public goods, continues to present a problem. One possibility is that cooperation can pay through developing a reputation that makes one more likely to be chosen for a profitable cooperative partnership, a process termed competitive altruism (CA) or reputation-based partner choice. Here, we show, to our knowledge, for the first time, that investing in a cooperative reputation can bring net benefits through access to more cooperative partners. Participants played a public goods game (PGG) followed by an opportunity to select a partner for a second cooperative game. We found that those who gave more in the PGG were more often selected as desired partners and received more in the paired cooperative game. Reputational competition was even stronger when it was possible for participants to receive a higher payoff from partner choice. The benefits of being selected by a more cooperative partner outweighed the costs of cooperation in the reputation building phase. CA therefore provides an alternative to indirect reciprocity as an explanation for reputation-building behaviour. Furthermore, while indirect reciprocity depends upon individuals giving preference to those of good standing, CA can explain unconditional cooperation.
An Integrated Simulation Model For Channel Contention And Berth Management At A Maritime Container Terminal

The extension and application of a queuing network model to the management of core logistic processes at the Gioia Tauro marine container terminal is presented. Real features incorporated in the model require simulation to solve it. A manager-friendly simulator is designed for the real case study, under the constraint of guaranteeing a finer representation of: the congestion phenomenon at the port channel; the port admission policy for newly arrived vessels in the roadstead; the management of berthing slots; the assignment of cranes for discharge/loading operations. The application software is presented through a detailed discussion of its features, as these appear on panel for system definition and analysis. The simulator computes point and interval estimates for system performance measures. Statistical computations are based upon the issue of batching elementary observations either within the same run or across multiple runs. Simulation experiments are presented and discussed with the aim of recommending a cost-effective method for interval estimates in quantitative scenario analysis.
A Comparison between Human and Machine Labelling of Image Regions

In previous work (Campbell et al, 1997 Pattern Recognition 30 555–563) a vision system was developed which is capable of classifying objects in outdoor scenes. The approach involves segmenting the image into regions, obtaining a feature-based description of each region, and then passing this description on to an artificial neural network (ANN) which has been trained to label the region with one of eleven possible object types. The question addressed here is: how important is each of these features to overall performance, both in human and machine vision? A set of experiments was conducted in which human subjects were trained in the same labelling task as the ANN. The stimuli, each depicting a single image region, were generated from a large database of urban and rural images. The subjects were then tested on both intact and degraded stimuli. The results suggest that certain features are particularly influential in mediating overall labelling performance. An equivalent experiment was carried out with the ANN. A method is presented which allows individual features to be corrupted in such a way as to simulate the loss of certain forms of visual information. The results, which are broadly similar to those found in the previous experiment, imply that the ANN can provide a useful model of human image region labelling. It is anticipated that the methodology, which draws on both computational and psychophysical techniques, will be of use to other areas of investigation.
Freud's treatment of a narcissistic patient.

The newly-published correspondence between Freud and Ernest Jones reveals Freud's views on the treatment of a severely narcissistic patient in 1922, just prior to his writing 'The Ego and the Id'. His formulation centres on 'a deep sense of guilt . a conflict between Ego and Ideal . whenever it is revived she projects her self-criticism to other people, turns her pangs of conscience into sadistic behaviour'. He aims toward 'reconciliation of her Ideal to her Ego', and emphasises her need for his friendly support in order to tolerate the analytic process. Freud's views, expressed in his formulation, coincide with ideas that the author has put forward over the past two decades in regard to the vicious cycle of punitive unconscious self-criticism, self-deprivation, and excessive demand (narcissistic entitlement) and the need to maintain functional neutrality by providing support. The discussion addresses the contrast between Freud's therapeutic activity and his published recommendations, emphasising Freud's mistaken belief in the analyst's 'objectivity' in the analytic situation and his passionate commitment to maintaining the scientific respectability of psychoanalysis, with its consequences in the minimalist austerity of 'classical technique'.
De novo bone formation underneath the sinus membrane supported by a bone patch: a pilot experiment in rabbit sinus model

AIMS The objectives of this study were to evaluate bone regeneration beneath a newly devised bone substitute combined with collagen membrane (called a bone patch) lying over a concomitantly placed mini-implant following sinus floor elevation and verify its usefulness as a carrier system for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sinus floor elevation procedure was performed bilaterally in five rabbits. Either a plain bone patch (control group) or an rhBMP-2-loaded patch (experimental group) was randomly placed beneath the elevated sinus membrane (SM) of both sinuses, where the mini-implants were concomitantly placed. Micro-computed tomographic and histologic analyses were performed at 4 weeks post-surgery. RESULTS In micro-computed tomography, the median values of the total augmented volume and the mineralized bone volume were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (161 vs. 122 mm3 [P < 0.01] and 48 vs. 42 mm3 [P < 0.05], respectively). Histometric analysis revealed the same outcomes, with new bone areas of 6.41 and 2.97 mm2 in the experimental and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001), and bone-to-implant contact ratios of 22.6% and 5.2%, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The newly devised bone patch in this study can support the elevated SM and facilitate bone regeneration from the basal bone with a reduced amount of biomaterial. The addition of rhBMP-2 may shorten the healing time for multidirectional bone regeneration toward the implant.
Multichannel ECG data compression by multirate signal processing and transform domain coding techniques

A multilead electrocardiography (ECG) data compression method is presented. First, a linear transform is applied to the standard ECG lead signals, which are highly correlated with each other. In this way a set of uncorrelated transform domain signals is obtained. Then, the resulting transform domain signals are compressed using various coding methods, including multirate signal processing and transform domain coding techniques. <<ETX>>
Interactive Global Light Propagation in Direct Volume Rendering using Local Piecewise Integration

A novel technique for efficient computation of global light propagation in interactive DVR is presented in this paper. The approach is based on a combination of local shadows from the vicinity of each voxel with global shadows calculated at high resolution but stored in a sparser grid. The resulting intensities are then used as the initial illumination for an additional pass that computes first order scattering effects. The method captures global shadowing effects with enhanced shadows of near structures. A GPU framework is used to evaluate the illumination updates at interactive frame rates, using incremental refinements of the in-scattered light.
Using Contextual Design to Identify Potential Innovations for Problem Based Learning

We report on the use of Contextual Design (CD) to develop models of the information management, resource integration, and collaborative processes of medical students in problem-based learning groups. CD is a modified ethnographic technique designed to provide a detailed understanding of the user's needs. Although the technique has been used in non-healthcare related fields, there is limited published data on the application of CD within healthcare settings. In this pilot study, we evaluated the feasibility of the CD methodology for this domain, developed an initial set of CD models, and formulated a series of design ideas based on the data. The study helps to clarify the effectiveness and feasibility of CD as well as the limitations for using this method in health-related domains.