Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adapting DNS to dynamic ad hoc networks

The limitations in the domain naming service (DNS), such as vulnerability to denial of service attacks, configuration errors, and loss of root, home or peer name servers, have lead to proposals for more robust, secure, flexible, and dynamic alternatives. The ad hoc bandwidth constrained nature of future military networks, such as FCS and WIN-T, together with the secure overlay networks created by HAIPE IPsec tunnels, exacerbates the limitations in DNS. This paper proposes architectural guidelines and a new autoconfiguration protocol to fix some key limitations in applying current DNS to future military networks. This approach requires no change to standard domain name space, and no changes to existing DNS client or name server software. The most radical change is to replace the static DNS roles and linkages with automatically configured ones. Moreover, the configurations will be dynamically modified based on the current network environment and mission needs. In addition to the obvious benefits of removing crippling configuration errors, we show that good dynamic DNS configurations can greatly improve robustness and efficiency after loss of nodes or changing link bandwidths
Chromodomain helicase/adenosine triphosphatase DNA binding protein 1–like (CHD1l) gene suppresses the nucleus‐to‐mitochondria translocation of nur77 to sustain hepatocellular carcinoma cell survival

Amplification of 1q21 has been detected in 58% to 78% of primary hepatocellular carcinoma cases, suggesting that one or more oncogenes within the amplicon play a critical role in the development of this disease. The chromodomain helicase/adenosine triphosphatase DNA binding protein 1–like gene (CHD1L) is a recently identified oncogene localized at 1q21. Our previous studies have demonstrated that CHD1L has strong tumorigenic ability and confers high susceptibility to spontaneous tumors in a CHD1L‐transgenic mouse model. In this study, we demonstrate that the antiapoptotic ability of CHD1L is associated with its interaction with Nur77, a critical member of a p53‐independent apoptotic pathway. As the first cellular protein identified to bind Nur77, CHD1L is able to inhibit the nucleus‐to‐mitochondria translocation of Nur77, which is the key step of Nur77‐mediated apoptosis, resulting in the hindrance of the release of cytochrome c and the initiation of apoptosis. Knock‐down of CHD1L expression by RNA interference could rescue the mitochondrial targeting of Nur77 and the subsequent apoptosis. Further studies found that the C‐terminal Macro domain of CHD1L is responsible for the interaction with Nur77, and a CHD1L mutant lacking residues 600‐897 failed to interact with Nur77 and prevented Nur77‐mediated apoptosis. More importantly, we found that the inhibition of Nur77‐mediated apoptosis by endogenous CHD1L is a critical biological cellular process in hepatocarcinogenesis. Conclusion: We demonstrate in this study that overexpression of CHD1L could sustain tumor cell survival by preventing Nur77‐mediated apoptosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Lux-operon of the Marine Psychrophilic Bacteria Aliivibrio logei: a Comparative Analysis of the LuxR1/LuxR2 Regulatory Activity in Escherichia coli cells.

The lux-operon оf the psychrophilic bioluminescent bacterium A. logei is regulated by Quorum Sensing (QS). The key components of this system are LuxI that catalyzes the synthesis of autoinducer (AI) and LuxR that activates the transcription of entire lux-operon. The lux-operon of A. logei contains two copies of luxR gene: luxR1 and luxR2. In the present study lux-operon sequence analysis from 16 strains of A. logei, isolated from cold habitats of the White, Baltic, Okhotsk and Bering Seas was carried out. The phylogenetic analysis showed that all isolated strains of A. logei have both copies of luxR genes which are homologous to luxR genes of relative A. salmonicida. LuxR1 and LuxR2 activity evaluation showed that LuxR2 remain active at significantly lower concentration of AI (10-9M) compared to LuxR1 which is activate only at high AI concentration (10-6М). As QS response is already prominent at AI concentrations as low as 10-8 - 10-9M, we conclude that LuxR2 is a main activator of the lux-operon of A. logei. The thermolabilities of LuxR1 and LuxR2 are similar and exceed that of LuxR of mesophilic bacterium A. fischeri. As oppose to LuxR2, LuxR1 is not a substrate of Lon protease and does not require the chaperonin GroEL/ES for its folding.
Clinical validation of an automated system for supporting the early diagnosis of melanoma

Background: Early diagnosis and surgical excision is the most effective treatment of melanoma. Well‐trained dermatologists reach a high level of diagnostic accuracy with good sensitivity and specificity. Their performances increase using some technical aids as digital epiluminescence microscopy. Several studies describe the development of computerized systems whose aim is supporting dermatologists in the early diagnosis of melanoma. In many cases, the performances of those systems were comparable to those of dermatologists. However, this cannot tell us whether a system is able to support dermatologists. Actually, the computerized system might correctly recognize the same lesions that the dermatologist does, without providing them any useful advice and therefore being useless in recognizing early malignant lesions.
A Data-Mining Based Skin Detection Method in JPEG Compressed Domain

A novel skin detection method in JPEG compressed domain has been proposed in this paper. Color and texture features of the image blocks are extracted from the entropy decoded DCT coefficients firstly. Then, data mining method, i.e. decision tree, is applied to establish the skin color model to describe the relationship between the features of image blocks and the skin detection results, afterwards, the initial skin regions are detected based on the skin color model. The skin regions are finally, segmented through region growing method. Experimental results show that, compared with the SPM (Skin Probability Map) skin detection method in the pixel domain, the proposed method can achieve higher detection accuracy as well as higher speed.
Autopsy Recruitment Program for African Americans

A specialized brain autopsy recruitment program was implemented within the context of advance medical directives and end-of-life treatment decisions. The program was implemented within the framework of a larger study. The purpose of the program was to (1) improve the rate of consent for brain autopsy among African Americans diagnosed with stroke and dementia, and (2) obtain more empirical information on the underlying reasons for the low response rate (4%) in this minority group. A convenience sample of 133 patient and family caregiver pairs was selected for participation. Face-to-face, open-ended interviews were conducted to ascertain reasons for autopsy preferences and to identify respondents interested in the postmortem procedure. Preferences for brain autopsy were ascertained and individuals interested in the procedure were subsequently followed through death or over the 2 1/2 year course of the study. Brain necropsies were conducted on patients requesting the examination. Thirty-six (36) patient and family pairs consented to the procedure, 16 were indecisive and 81 refused. Factors influencing decisions included existing attitudes toward autopsy, family agreement regarding the procedure, and assurance that funeral arrangements would not be delayed. Ninety deaths and two autopsies were conducted before implementation of the specialized recruitment program, yielding a 2.22% completion rate, and 34 deaths with 10 postmortems conducted within the time frame of the recruitment study, yielding a 29% autopsy completion rate. Fisher exact test (p < 0.0001) revealed a significant difference in the proportion of autopsies completed before and after implementation of the specialized recruitment program. Findings strongly suggest that culturally sensitive recruitment programs may increase the rate of autopsy request made by African American caregivers for relatives diagnosed with dementia and stroke. To obtain a higher rate of consent than that obtained in the general population, the program must contain ethnically sensitive recruitment strategies.
Prevalence of Mental Disorders Among Māori in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey

Objective: To describe the prevalence of mental disorders (period prevalence across aggregated disorders, 12 month and lifetime prevalence) among Māori in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey. Method: Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey, undertaken between 2003 and 2004, was a nationally representative face-to-face household survey of 12 992 New Zealand adults aged 16 years and over, including 2595 Māori. Ethnicity was measured using the 2001 New Zealand census ethnicity question. A fully structured diagnostic interview, the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), was used to measure disorder. The overall response rate was 73.3%. This paper presents selected findings for the level and pattern of mental disorder prevalence among Māori. Results: Māori lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 50.7%, 12 month prevalence 29.5% and 1 month prevalence 18.3%. The most common 12 month disorders were anxiety (19.4%), mood (11.4%) and substance (8.6%) disorders and the most common lifetime disorders were anxiety (31.3%), substance (26.5%) and mood (24.3%) disorders. Levels of lifetime comorbidity were high with 12 month prevalence showing 16.4% of Māori with one disorder, 7.6% with two disorders and 5.5% with three or more disorders. Twelvemonth disorders were more common in Māori females than in males (33.6% vs 24.8%) and in younger age groups: 16–24 years, 33.2%; 25–44 years, 32.9%; 45–64 years, 23.7%; and 65 years and over, 7.9%. Disorder prevalence was greatest among Māori with the lowest equivalized household income and least education. However, differences by urbanicity and region were not significant. Of Māori with any 12 month disorder, 29.6% had serious, 42.6% had moderate and 27.8% had mild disorders. Conclusion: Mental disorders overall and specific disorder groups (anxiety, mood and substance) are common among Māori and measures of severity indicate that disorders have considerable health impact. Findings provide a platform for informing public health policy and health sector responses to meeting mental health needs of Māori.
Advances in cryptology : CRYPTO 2010 : 30th Annual Cryptology Conference, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, August 15-19, 2010 : proceedings

Leakage. - Circular and Leakage Resilient Public-Key Encryption under Subgroup Indistinguishability. - Leakage-Resilient Pseudorandom Functions and Side-Channel Attacks on Feistel Networks. - Protecting Cryptographic Keys against Continual Leakage. - Securing Computation against Continuous Leakage. - Lattice. - An Efficient and Parallel Gaussian Sampler for Lattices. - Lattice Basis Delegation in Fixed Dimension and Shorter-Ciphertext Hierarchical IBE. - Homomorphic Encryption. - Toward Basing Fully Homomorphic Encryption on Worst-Case Hardness. - Additively Homomorphic Encryption with d-Operand Multiplications. - i-Hop Homomorphic Encryption and Rerandomizable Yao Circuits. - Theory and Applications. - Interactive Locking, Zero-Knowledge PCPs, and Unconditional Cryptography. - Fully Secure Functional Encryption with General Relations from the Decisional Linear Assumption. - Structure-Preserving Signatures and Commitments to Group Elements. - Efficient Indifferentiable Hashing into Ordinary Elliptic Curves. - Key Exchange, OAEP/RSA, CCA. - Credential Authenticated Identification and Key Exchange. - Password-Authenticated Session-Key Generation on the Internet in the Plain Model. - Instantiability of RSA-OAEP under Chosen-Plaintext Attack. - Efficient Chosen-Ciphertext Security via Extractable Hash Proofs. - Attacks. - Factorization of a 768-Bit RSA Modulus. - Correcting Errors in RSA Private Keys. - Improved Differential Attacks for ECHO and Grostl. - A Practical-Time Related-Key Attack on the KASUMI Cryptosystem Used in GSM and 3G Telephony. - Composition. - Universally Composable Incoercibility. - Concurrent Non-Malleable Zero Knowledge Proofs. - Equivalence of Uniform Key Agreement and Composition Insecurity. - Computation Delegation and Obfuscation. - Non-interactive Verifiable Computing: Outsourcing Computation to Untrusted Workers. - Improved Delegation of Computation Using Fully Homomorphic Encryption. - Oblivious RAM Revisited. - On Strong Simulation and Composable Point Obfuscation. - Multiparty Computation. - Protocols for Multiparty Coin Toss with Dishonest Majority. - Multiparty Computation for Dishonest Majority: From Passive to Active Security at Low Cost. - Secure Multiparty Computation with Minimal Interaction. - A Zero-One Law for Cryptographic Complexity with Respect to Computational UC Security. - Pseudorandomness. - On Generalized Feistel Networks. - Cryptographic Extraction and Key Derivation: The HKDF Scheme. - Time Space Tradeoffs for Attacks against One-Way Functions and PRGs. - Pseudorandom Functions and Permutations Provably Secure against Related-Key Attacks. - Quantum. - Secure Two-Party Quantum Evaluation of Unitaries against Specious Adversaries. - On the Efficiency of Classical and Quantum Oblivious Transfer Reductions. - Sampling in a Quantum Population, and Applications.
Diet-Associated Risks of Disease and Self-Reported Food Consumption: How Shall We Treat Partial Nonresponse in a Food Frequency Questionnaire?

Using data from a population-based case-control study on thyroid cancer, we studied two approaches of handling missing answers in a food frequency questionnaire when estimating food consumption and nutrient intakes. We analyzed the dietary reports of 165 cases and 248 control subjects. In the first approach, the omitted food items were considered as "null consumption. " In the second approach, the missing answers were replaced with the median frequencies for subjects in the corresponding outcome category actually answering that specific food item. The results showed marginal differences between the two methods. In addition, the null consumption assumption was validated by means of complementary telephone interviews with a subsample of subjects who provided incomplete reports. Overall, the originally omitted answers actually corresponded to very rare consumption for 54.2% of cancer patients and for 54.7% of controls. However, this "true" proportion of null consumption varied greatly between different food items (range 0-96%) and between food groups (range 14-82%). To interpret the omitted self-reports of food consumption as indication of "zero consumption" is quite reasonable when the investigation does not focus on dietary items widely consumed in the source population.
Antibody microarray-based oncoproteomics

The driving force behind oncoproteomics is the belief that certain protein signatures or patterns exist that are associated with a particular malignancy. If so, the correlation of clinical parameters with defined protein expression patterns would allow us to predict disease progression and perhaps even postulate improved therapeutic modalities. The technological challenges to achieve these goals are significant, as the human proteome is not defined. No general methodological approach exists today, and human cancer can, furthermore, be divided into several disease subgroups. One potential solution to finding cancer-associated protein signatures is the emerging technology of affinity proteomics. This approach addresses some of the shortcomings of traditional proteomics and combines it with the power of microarrays. The present review focuses on the role of antibody microarrays in oncoproteomics and its potential to provide a truly proteome-wide analytical approach.
Expanded GDP for Welfare Measurement in the 21st Century

The information revolution currently underway has changed the economy in ways that are hard to measure using conventional GDP procedures. The information available to consumers has increased dramatically as a result of the Internet and its applications, and new mobile communication devices have greatly increased the speed and reach of its accessibility. An individual now has an unprecedented amount of information on which to base consumption choices, and the “free” nature of the information provided means that the resulting benefits largely bypass GDP and accrue directly to consumers. This disconnect introduces a wedge between the growth in real GDP and the growth in consumer well-being, with the result that a slower rate of growth of the former does not necessarily imply a slower rate of the latter. The conceptual framework for this analysis is developed in a previous paper (Hulten and Nakamura (2017), which extended the conventional framework of GDP to include a separate technology for consumer decisions based on Lancaster (1966b), and developed the idea of Expanded GDP (or EGDP). In this paper, we use this framework to provide a detailed critique of existing GDP and price measurement procedures and summarize the existing evidence on the size of the wedge between GDP and EGDP.
Achievable Information Rates for Coded Modulation With Hard Decision Decoding for Coherent Fiber-Optic Systems

We analyze the achievable information rates (AIRs) for coded modulation schemes with quadrature amplitude modulation constellations with both bitwise and symbolwise decoders, corresponding to the case where a binary code is used in combination with a higher order modulation using the bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) paradigm and to the case where a nonbinary code over a field matched to the constellation size is used, respectively. In particular, we consider hard decision decoding, which is the preferable option for fiber-optic communication systems where decoding complexity is a concern. Recently, Liga et al. analyzed the AIRs for bitwise and symbolwise decoders considering what the authors called hard decision decoder, which, however, exploits soft information of the transition probabilities of discrete-input discrete-output channel resulting from the hard detection. As such, the complexity of the decoder is essentially the same as the complexity of a soft decision decoder. In this paper, we analyze instead the AIRs for the standard hard decision decoder, commonly used in practice, where the decoding is based on the Hamming distance metric. We show that if standard hard decision decoding is used, bitwise decoders yield significantly higher AIRs than the symbolwise decoders. As a result, contrary to the conclusion by Liga et al., binary decoders together with the BICM paradigm are preferable for spectrally efficient fiber-optic systems. We also design binary and nonbinary staircase codes and show that, in agreement with the AIRs, binary codes yield better performance.
Performance and functional test of flip-flops using ring oscillator structure

In this work the performance and functional evaluation of D-type flip-flops, considering the presence of asynchronous set and reset signals, is proposed through the use of ring oscillator structure (ROS). Ring oscillators are efficiently applied for combinational gate delay measurements. However, such test strategy cannot be directly applied to sequential cells since the output signal transition is not controlled by a single input signal. Novel ROS stages built using flip-flop are presented. Besides the speed verification, power consumption and aging effect analysis can also be performed over the circuit under test. The proposed test solution is also suitable for a fair comparison of performance between different topologies of flip-flops. This test approach has been validated at the gate level, through functional simulations (VHDL), and at the transistor level, through electrical simulations (SPICE).
Prevalence of and trends in dyslipidemia and blood pressure among US children and adolescents, 1999-2012.

IMPORTANCE Recent national data suggest there were improvements in serum lipid concentrations among US children and adolescents between 1988 and 2010 but an increase in or stable blood pressure (BP) during a similar period. OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of and trends in dyslipidemia and adverse BP among US children and adolescents. DESIGN The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey. SETTING Noninstitutionalized US population. PARTICIPANTS Children and adolescents aged 8 to 17 years with measured lipid concentrations (n = 1482) and BP (n = 1665). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Adverse concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) (≥ 200 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (<40 mg/dL), and non-HDL-C (≥ 145 mg/dL) (to convert TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259) and high or borderline BP were examined. Definitions of BP were informed by the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents by the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Analyses of linear trends in dyslipidemias and BP were conducted overall and separately by sex across 7 periods (1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012). RESULTS In 2011-2012, 20.2% (95% CI, 16.3-24.6) of youths had an adverse concentration of TC, HDL-C, or non-HDL-C and 11.0% (95% CI, 8.8-13.4) had either high or borderline BP. The prevalences of adverse concentrations decreased between 1999-2000 and 2011-2012 for TC (10.6% [95% CI, 8.3-13.2] vs 7.8% [95% CI, 5.7-10.4]; P = .006), HDL-C (17.9% [95% CI, 15.0-21.0] vs 12.8% [95% CI, 9.8-16.2]; P = .003), and non-HDL-C (13.6% [95% CI, 11.3-16.2] vs 8.4% [95% CI, 5.9-11.5]; P < .001). There was a decrease in high BP between 1999-2000 (3.0% [95% CI, 2.0-4.3]) and 2011-2012 (1.6% [95% CI, 1.0-2.4]) (P = .003). There was no change from 1999-2000 to 2011-2012 in borderline high BP (7.6% [95% CI, 5.8-9.8] vs 9.4% [95% CI, 7.2-11.9]; P = .90) or either high or borderline high BP (10.6% [8.4-13.1] vs 11.0% [95% CI, 8.8-13.4]; P = .26). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In 2011-2012, approximately 1 in 5 children and adolescents aged 8 to 17 years had an adverse lipid concentration of TC, HDL-C, or non-HDL-C and slightly more than 1 in 10 had either borderline high or high BP. The prevalence of dyslipidemia modestly decreased between 1999-2000 and 2011-2012, but either high or borderline high BP remained stable. The reasons for these trends require further study.
Routing-aware placement technique for intelligent collision avoidance in digital microfluidic biochips

The current advancement in microfluidics and microfabrication technology makes it possible to realize true multifunctional lab-on-chip systems that can replace a real life laboratory system with a miniaturized microsystem. The huge advantages of such systems are that they enable fast, easy-to-use, cost-effective detection methods which find major application in the areas of clinical diagnostics, DNA sequencing, drug discovery and other biochemical analyses and applications. As the design of droplet based microfluidic biochips tends to incorporate concurrent execution of multiple bioassays in a single chip, the design complexity as well as system integration issues begin to pose major challenges. A potential CAD problem in this context is the concurrent routing of droplets in DMFBs. This has direct impact on overall reaction time as well as cell usage and pin requirements (specifically in direct-addressing biochips). In this paper we propose a routing-aware placement algorithm for droplets in a digital microfluidic system with a given prescheduled module arrangement. The objective is to enhance the routing process by intelligent collision avoidance, optimized stalling and detour, which finally results in stark improvement in latest arrival time and resource utilization. The proposed algorithm is tested on benchmark suite I for 2-pin droplets and Benchmark suite III for multipin droplets. The results obtained are quite encouraging.