Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous transition and concomitant self-assembly of CdTe nanoparticles into CdS nanosheets induced by L-cysteine

In this paper, we investigated carefully the influence of the added L-cysteine on the stability of mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)-stabilized CdTe nanoparticles (NPs). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging revealed that the addition of pH ~11.5 L-cysteine solution could reduce the stability of MPA-capped CdTe NPs, which resulted in the formation of sheet-shaped nanostructures finally after about seven days of storage in darkness under ambient conditions. The typical size of these resulting nanosheets was ~6 μm in length, ~1 μm in width and ~50 nm in thickness. The high-resolution TEM characterization and elemental analysis from energy-dispersed X-ray (EDX) spectrum indicated that these resulting sheets were made from well-crystallized nanopartilces (~4 nm) of CdS rather than CdTe. In addition, XRD analysis and optical microscopy also supported further these experimental observations. Hence, here, the post addition of L-cysteine induced the spontaneous transition and concomitant self-assembly of MPA-stabilized CdTe nanoparticles into luminescent CdS nanosheets.
Observations of spatial and velocity structure in the Orion molecular cloud

Observations are reported of H 2 IR emission in the S(1) v = 1-0 line at 2.121 μm in the Orion Molecular Cloud, OMC1, using the GriF instrument on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. GriF uses a combination of adaptive optics and Fabry-Perot interferometry, yielding a spatial resolution of 0.15" to 0.18" and velocity discrimination as high as 1 km s -1 . 193 bright H 2 emission regions can be identified in OMC1. The general characteristics of these features are described in terms of radial velocities, brightness and spatial displacement of maxima of velocity and brightness, the latter to yield the orientation of flows in the plane of the sky. Strong spatial correlation between velocity and bright H 2 emission is found and serves to identify many features as shocks. Important results are: (i) velocities of the excited gas illustrate the presence of a zone to the south of BN-IRc2 and Peak 1, and the west of Peak 2, where there is a powerful blue-shifted outflow with an average velocity of -18 km s -1 . This is shown to be the NIR counterpart of an outflow previously identified in the radio, originating from either source I or source n. (ii) There is a band of weak radial velocity features (<5 km s -1 ) in Peak 1. (iii) A small proportion of the flows may represent sites of low mass star formation and one region shows evidence of multiple flows which may indicate multiple low mass star formation within OMC 1.
Xylaramide, a New Antifungal Compound, and Other Secondary Metabolites from Xylaria longipes

Xylaramide (1), possessing potent antifungal activity towards Nematospora coryli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was isolated from the culture fluids of the wood-inhabiting ascomycete Xylaria longipes together with tyrosol (2), 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (3) and 2-hexylidene- 3-methylsuccinic acid (4). The latter has been known as a Xylaria metabolite for many years. Compounds 2 and 3 have been previously reported from other fungi, whereas 1 is a new natural N -(2-phenylethenyl)-2-hydroxypropanamide. The isolation, structure determination and biological properties of xylaramide are described. The biological activities of the other compounds are included.
Multivariate Demand : Modeling and Estimation from Censored Sales

Demand modeling and forecasting is important for inventory management, retail assortment and revenue management applications. Current practice focuses on univariate demand forecasting, where models are built separately for each product. However, in many industries there is empirical evidence of correlated product demand. In addition, demand is usually observed in several periods during a selling horizon, and it may be truncated due to inventory constraints so that in practice only censored sales data are recorded. Ignoring the inter-product demand correlation or the serial correlation of demand from one selling period to the next leads to biased and inefficient estimates of the true demand distributions. In this paper we propose a class of models for multi-product multiperiod aggregate demand forecasting. We develop an approach for estimating the parameters of the demand models from censored sales data in a maximum likelihood framework using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. Through a simulation study, we show that the algorithm is computationally attractive and leads to maximum likelihood estimates with good properties, under different demand and censoring scenarios. We exemplify the methodology with the analysis of two booking data sets from the entertainment and the airline industries, and show that the use of these models in a revenue management setting for airlines increases the revenue by up to 11% relative to the use of alternative demand forecasting methods.
A novel method for linking reviews with database objects

In this paper, we proposed a method for linking reviews with database objects problem in data integration, where each object has a set of attributes. To this end, we propose a method based on 2-layer Conditional Random Fields (CRF). First, we show how to apply Semi-Markov CRF to effectively exploit a variety of entity-level features available in integrated data, thereby significantly reducing the dependence on manually labeled training data. Based on the identified entities of the first stage, we link entity reviews with database objects using CRF. Experiments in multiple domains show that our method can substantially superior to traditional tf-idf based methods as well as a recent language model-based method for the review matching problem.
18F-FDG PET/CT for Early Response Assessment in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Poor Predictive Value of International Harmonization Project Interpretation

PET using 18F-FDG has prognostic value when performed at the completion of initial chemotherapy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). 18F-FDG PET may also be predictive of outcome when performed during the treatment course of DLBCL, but robust prospective studies and standardization of 18F-FDG PET interpretation in this setting are lacking. Methods: In this prospective study, patients with advanced-stage DLBCL were treated with standard rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy, and 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed after cycle 2 or 3 and at the end of therapy. The 18F-FDG PET/CT scans were interpreted according to the International Harmonization Project for Response Criteria in Lymphoma, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of the most 18F-FDG–avid lesions was recorded. Results: Fifty patients were enrolled, and all underwent interim 18F-FDG PET/CT. At a median follow-up of 33.9 mo, the positive predictive value (PPV) of interim 18F-FDG PET/CT for relapse or progression was 42%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 77%. Interim 18F-FDG PET/CT was significantly associated with event-free survival (P = 0.017) and with progression-free survival (P = 0.04) but not with overall survival (P = 0.08). End-of-therapy 18F-FDG PET/CT had high PPV and NPV (71% and 80%, respectively) and was significantly associated with event-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival (P < 0.001). SUV measurements did not discriminate patients who relapsed or progressed from those who remained in remission. Conclusion: When performed after 2 cycles of immunochemotherapy and interpreted according to International Harmonization Project criteria, early response assessment with PET/CT has a high NPV but low PPV in patients with advanced-stage DLBCL. Prospective trials are required to validate different criteria for the interpretation of interim 18F-FDG PET/CT and establish the role of interim 18F-FDG PET/CT in the management of patients with DLBCL.
Linking metabolomics data to underlying metabolic regulation

The comprehensive experimental analysis of a metabolic constitution plays a central role in approaches of organismal systems biology. Quantifying the impact of a changing environment on the homeostasis of cellular metabolism has been the focus of numerous studies applying various metabolomics techniques. It has been proven that approaches which integrate different analytical techniques, e.g., LC-MS, GC-MS, CE-MS and H-NMR, can provide a comprehensive picture of a certain metabolic homeostasis. Identification of metabolic compounds and quantification of metabolite levels represent the groundwork for the analysis of regulatory strategies in cellular metabolism. This significantly promotes our current understanding of the molecular organization and regulation of cells, tissues and whole organisms. Nevertheless, it is demanding to elicit the pertinent information which is contained in metabolomics data sets. Based on the central dogma of molecular biology, metabolite levels and their fluctuations are the result of a directed flux of information from gene activation over transcription to translation and posttranslational modification. Hence, metabolomics data represent the summed output of a metabolic system comprising various levels of molecular organization. As a consequence, the inverse assignment of metabolomics data to underlying regulatory processes should yield information which—if deciphered correctly—provides comprehensive insight into a metabolic system. Yet, the deduction of regulatory principles is complex not only due to the high number of metabolic compounds, but also because of a high level of cellular compartmentalization and differentiation. Motivated by the question how metabolomics approaches can provide a representative view on regulatory biochemical processes, this article intends to present and discuss current metabolomics applications, strategies of data analysis and their limitations with respect to the interpretability in context of biological processes.
Establishment of a canine spinal cord injury model induced by epidural balloon compression

A model that provides reproducible, submaximal yet sufficient spinal cord injury is needed to allow experiments leading to development of therapeutic techniques and prediction of clinical outcome to be conducted. This study describes an experimental model for spinal cord injury that uses three different volumes of balloon inflation and durations of compression to create a controlled gradation outcome in adult dogs. Twenty-seven mongrel dogs were used for this study. A 3-french embolectomy catheter was inserted into the epidural space through a left hemilaminectomy hole at the L4 vertebral arch. Balloons were then inflated with 50, 100, or 150 µl of a contrast agent at the L1 level for 6, 12, or 24 h and spinal canal occlusion (SCO) measured using computed tomography. Olby score was used to evaluate the extent of spinal cord injury and a histopathologic examination was conducted 1 week after surgery. The SCO of the 50, 100, and 150 µl inflations was 22-46%, 51-70%, and 75-89%, respectively (p < 0.05). Olby scores were diminished significantly by a combination of the level of SCO and duration of inflation in all groups. Olby scores in the groups of 150 µl-12 h, 150 µl-24 h, and 100 µl-24 h were 0.5, 0, and 1.7, respectively. Based on these results, a SCO > 50% for 24 h, and > 75% for 12 h induces paraplegia up to a week after spinal cord injury.
Pervasive Computing Technologies to Continuously Assess Alzheimer’s Disease Progression and Intervention Efficacy

Traditionally, assessment of functional and cognitive status of individuals with dementia occurs in brief clinic visits during which time clinicians extract a snapshot of recent changes in individuals’ health. Conventionally, this is done using various clinical assessment tools applied at the point of care and relies on patients’ and caregivers’ ability to accurately recall daily activity and trends in personal health. These practices suffer from the infrequency and generally short durations of visits. Since 2004, researchers at the Oregon Center for Aging and Technology (ORCATECH) at the Oregon Health and Science University have been working on developing technologies to transform this model. ORCATECH researchers have developed a system of continuous in-home monitoring using pervasive computing technologies that make it possible to more accurately track activities and behaviors and measure relevant intra-individual changes. We have installed a system of strategically placed sensors in over 480 homes and have been collecting data for up to 8 years. Using this continuous in-home monitoring system, ORCATECH researchers have collected data on multiple behaviors such as gait and mobility, sleep and activity patterns, medication adherence, and computer use. Patterns of intra-individual variation detected in each of these areas are used to predict outcomes such as low mood, loneliness, and cognitive function. These methods have the potential to improve the quality of patient health data and in turn patient care especially related to cognitive decline. Furthermore, the continuous real-world nature of the data may improve the efficiency and ecological validity of clinical intervention studies.
Intercomparison of methods of coupling between convection and large‐scale circulation: 1. Comparison over uniform surface conditions

As part of an international intercomparison project, a set of single‐column models (SCMs) and cloud‐resolving models (CRMs) are run under the weak‐temperature gradient (WTG) method and the damped gravity wave (DGW) method. For each model, the implementation of the WTG or DGW method involves a simulated column which is coupled to a reference state defined with profiles obtained from the same model in radiative‐convective equilibrium. The simulated column has the same surface conditions as the reference state and is initialized with profiles from the reference state. We performed systematic comparison of the behavior of different models under a consistent implementation of the WTG method and the DGW method and systematic comparison of the WTG and DGW methods in models with different physics and numerics. CRMs and SCMs produce a variety of behaviors under both WTG and DGW methods. Some of the models reproduce the reference state while others sustain a large‐scale circulation which results in either substantially lower or higher precipitation compared to the value of the reference state. CRMs show a fairly linear relationship between precipitation and circulation strength. SCMs display a wider range of behaviors than CRMs. Some SCMs under the WTG method produce zero precipitation. Within an individual SCM, a DGW simulation and a corresponding WTG simulation can produce different signed circulation. When initialized with a dry troposphere, DGW simulations always result in a precipitating equilibrium state. The greatest sensitivities to the initial moisture conditions occur for multiple stable equilibria in some WTG simulations, corresponding to either a dry equilibrium state when initialized as dry or a precipitating equilibrium state when initialized as moist. Multiple equilibria are seen in more WTG simulations for higher SST. In some models, the existence of multiple equilibria is sensitive to some parameters in the WTG calculations.
Population l 88Sr atomic beam for active optical clock

An active optical clock can provide laser light source with potential much narrower linewidth than that of conventional cavity stabilized laser for optical clocks since many cavity noises, including the Brownian thermal noise, can be reduced by orders of magnitude. In this report, a scheme of active optical clock based on Sr atomic beam is proposed. The experimental work of population inversion has been done. A 689 nm laser is used to realize the population inversion between (5s5p)3P1 state and (5s2)1S0 state by the method of adiabatic rapid passage. A pumping rate of 59% is obtained. In order to establish the population inversion more effectively, an experimental scheme is proposed with a 483 nm pumping laser. A 687 nm laser is used for verification of pumping effectiveness. The atoms left in ground state after 689 nm laser and 687 nm laser pumping is about 7%, which may mainly result from 87Sr isotope.
Three-dimensional shape reconstruction with small scale based on micro stereo vision

In this paper, three-dimensional data reconstruction with a small scale based on micro stereo-vision is discussed. An inversion model of stereo-vision that connects the object space and the image space is derived to obtain three-dimensional coordinates of object point in the object space from two-dimensional image coordinates of a pair of image points in the image space. An algorithm based on multi similarity measurements and multi-matching areas is proposed for stereo matching of color images, which considers the impacts of similarity measurements and matching areas fully. In this algorithm, the samples of matching output are acquired by the statistics of multi similarity measurements and multi-matching areas. On the other hand, the false matching results and the wrong matching results are partially filtered by performing the mean-square error statistics of matching output samples. Furthermore, a sub-pixel matching accuracy is expected by calculating the average values of two new samples derived from the mean-square error statistics. In the software platform based on VC++ and OpenGL, computer-aided design is designed for filter of abnormal data.
Cortical representation of first and second pain sensation in humans

Single painful stimuli evoke two successive and qualitatively distinct sensations referred to as first and second pain sensation. Peripherally, the neural basis of this phenomenon is a dual pathway for pain with Aδ and C fibers mediating first and second pain, respectively. Yet, the differential cortical correlates of both sensations are largely unknown. We therefore used magnetoencephalography to record and directly compare first and second pain-related cortical responses to cutaneous laser stimuli in humans. Our results show that brief painful stimuli evoke sustained cortical activity corresponding to sustained pain perception comprising early first pain-related and late second pain-related components. Cortical activity was located in primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices and anterior cingulate cortex. Time courses of activations disclosed that first pain was particularly related to activation of S1 whereas second pain was closely related to anterior cingulate cortex activation. Both sensations were associated with S2 activation. These results correspond to the different perceptual characteristics of both sensations and probably reflect different biological functions of first and second pain. First pain signals threat and provides precise sensory information for an immediate withdrawal, whereas second pain attracts longer-lasting attention and motivates behavioral responses to limit further injury and optimize recovery.
Temporo-Spectral Imaging of Intrinsic Optical Signals during Hypoxia-Induced Spreading Depression-Like Depolarization

Spreading depression (SD) is characterized by a sustained near-complete depolarization of neurons, a massive depolarization of glia, and a negative deflection of the extracellular DC potential. These electrophysiological signs are accompanied by an intrinsic optical signal (IOS) which arises from changes in light scattering and absorption. Even though the underlying mechanisms are unclear, the IOS serves as non-invasive tool to define the spatiotemporal dynamics of SD in brain slices. Usually the tissue is illuminated by white light, and light reflectance or transmittance is monitored. Using a polychromatic, fast-switchable light source we now performed temporo-spectral recordings of the IOS associated with hypoxia-induced SD-like depolarization (HSD) in rat hippocampal slices kept in an interface recording chamber. Recording full illumination spectra (320–680 nm) yielded distinct reflectance profiles for the different phases of HSD. Early during hypoxia tissue reflectance decreased within almost the entire spectrum due to cell swelling. HSD was accompanied by a reversible reflectance increase being most pronounced at 400 nm and 460 nm. At 440 nm massive porphyrin absorption (Soret band) was detected. Hypotonic solutions, Ca2+-withdrawal and glial poisoning intensified the reflectance increase during HSD, whereas hypertonic solutions dampened it. Replacement of Cl- inverted the reflectance increase. Inducing HSD by cyanide distorted the IOS and reflectance at 340–400 nm increased irreversibly. The pronounced changes at short wavelengths (380 nm, 460 nm) and their cyanide sensitivity suggest that block of mitochondrial metabolism contributes to the IOS during HSD. For stable and reliable IOS recordings during HSD wavelengths of 460–560 nm are recommended.
Windows to the self in 8-year-olds: Bridges to attachment representation and behavioral adjustment

The present study investigated the links between aspects of the self (self-evaluations, self-worth), attachment representations and behavioral functioning in 8-year-old children. Self-evaluations were assessed with an interview in which children described themselves and discussed positive and negative aspects of the self; self-worth was assessed using a subscale from the Dimensions of Depression Inventory. Attachment representations were assessed using the Separation Anxiety Test. Mothers and teachers reported on children's behavior problems, school adaptation and peer competence. Following previous work with 5- (Verschueren & Marcoen, 1999; Verschueren, Marcoen, & Schoefs, 1996) and 6-year-olds (Cassidy, 1988), we predicted that aspects of the self would be positively associated with attachment security and behavioral adaptation. These predictions were confirmed. A rating of the child's ease of access to self-evaluations (EASE) during the interview was related to emotional security and coping responses during the Separation Anxiety Test. Children with greater ease of access to self-evaluations also had fewer internalizing and total behavior problems, according to both mothers and teachers, and their teachers reported more positive school adaptation, peer competence and ego-resiliency.