Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Opioid addiction and pregnancy: Perinatal exposure to buprenorphine affects myelination in the developing brain

Buprenorphine is a μ‐opioid receptor partial agonist and κ‐opioid receptor antagonist currently on trials for the management of pregnant opioid‐dependent addicts. However, little is known about the effects of buprenorphine on brain development. Oligodendrocytes express opioid receptors in a developmentally regulated manner and thus, it is logical to hypothesize that perinatal exposure to buprenorphine could affect myelination. To investigate this possibility, pregnant rats were implanted with minipumps to deliver buprenorphine at 0.3 or 1 mg/kg/day. Analysis of their pups at different postnatal ages indicated that exposure to 0.3 mg/kg/day buprenorphine caused an accelerated and significant increase in the brain expression of all myelin basic protein (MBP) splicing isoforms. In contrast, treatment with the higher dose caused a developmental delay in MBP expression. Examination of corpus callosum at 26‐days of age indicated that both buprenorphine doses cause a significant increase in the caliber of the myelinated axons. Surprisingly, these axons have a disproportionately thinner myelin sheath, suggesting alterations at the level of axon‐glial interactions. Analysis of myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) expression and glycosylation indicated that this molecule may play a crucial role in mediating these effects. Co‐immunoprecipitation studies also suggested a mechanism involving a MAG‐dependent activation of the Src‐family tyrosine kinase Fyn. These results support the idea that opioid signaling plays an important role in regulating myelination in vivo and stress the need for further studies investigating potential effects of perinatal buprenorphine exposure on brain development. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Concentration of Fractional Distances

Nearest neighbor search and many other numerical data analysis tools most often rely on the use of the euclidean distance. When data are high dimensional, however, the euclidean distances seem to concentrate; all distances between pairs of data elements seem to be very similar. Therefore, the relevance of the euclidean distance has been questioned in the past, and fractional norms (Minkowski-like norms with an exponent less than one) were introduced to fight the concentration phenomenon. This paper justifies the use of alternative distances to fight concentration by showing that the concentration is indeed an intrinsic property of the distances and not an artifact from a finite sample. Furthermore, an estimation of the concentration as a function of the exponent of the distance and of the distribution of the data is given. It leads to the conclusion that, contrary to what is generally admitted, fractional norms are not always less concentrated than the euclidean norm; a counterexample is given to prove this claim. Theoretical arguments are presented, which show that the concentration phenomenon can appear for real data that do not match the hypotheses of the theorems, in particular, the assumption of independent and identically distributed variables. Finally, some insights about how to choose an optimal metric are given.
Automatic Configuration of Multi-Robot Systems: Planning for Multiple Steps

We consider multi-robot systems where robots need to cooperate tightly by sharing functionalities with each other. There are methods for automatically configuring a multi-robot system for tight cooperation, but they only produce a single configuration. In this paper, we show how methods for automatic configuration can be integrated with methods for task planning in order to produce a complete plan were each step is a configuration. We also consider the issues of monitoring and replanning in this context, and we demonstrate our approach on a real multi-robot system, the PEIS-Ecology.
A robust inner–outer hierarchically semi‐separable preconditioner

In this paper, an inner–outer preconditioner for symmetric positive definite matrices based on hierarchically semi‐separable (HSS) matrix representation is presented. A sequence of new HSS algorithms are developed, including some ULV‐type HSS methods and triangular HSS methods. During the construction of this preconditioner, off‐diagonal blocks are compressed in parallel, and an approximate HSS form is used as the outer HSS representation. In the meantime, the internal dense diagonal blocks are approximately factorized into HSS Cholesky factors. Such inner factorizations are guaranteed to exist for any approximation accuracy. The inner–outer preconditioner combines the advantages of both direct HSS and triangular HSS methods, and are both scalable and robust. Systematic complexity analysis and discussions of the errors are presented. Various tests on some practical numerical problems are used to demonstrate the efficiency and robustness. In particular, the effectiveness of the preconditioner in iterative solutions has been shown for some ill‐conditioned problems. This work also gives a practical way of developing inner–outer preconditioners using direct rank structured factorizations (other than iterative methods). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamical model of traffic congestion and numerical simulation.

We present a dynamical model of traffic congestion based on the equation of motion of each vehicle. In this model, the legal velocity function is introduced, which is a function of the headway of the preceding vehicle. We investigate this model with both analytic and numerical methods. The stability of traffic flow is analyzed, and the evolution of traffic congestion is observed with the development of time.
Noncoding RNA control of cellular senescence

Senescent cells accumulate in normal tissues with advancing age and arise by long‐term culture of primary cells. Senescence develops following exposure to a range of stress‐causing agents and broadly influences the physiology and pathology of tissues, organs, and systems in the body. While many proteins are known to control senescence, numerous noncoding (nc)RNAs are also found to promote or repress the senescent phenotype. Here, we review the regulatory ncRNAs (primarily microRNAs and lncRNAs) identified to‐date as key modulators of senescence. We highlight the major senescent pathways (p53/p21 and pRB/p16), as well as the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and other senescence‐associated events governed by ncRNAs, and discuss the importance of understanding comprehensively the ncRNAs implicated in cell senescence. WIREs RNA 2015, 6:615–629. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1297
New Look-Ahead Schemes for Constraint Satisfaction

This paper presents new look-ahead schemes for backtracking search when solving constraint satisfaction problems. The look-ahead schemes compute a heuristic for value ordering and domain pruning, which influences variable orderings at each node in the search space. As a basis for a heuristic, we investigate two tasks, both harder than the CSP task. The first is finding the solution with min-number of conflicts. The second is counting solutions. Clearly each of these tasks also finds a solution to the CSP problem, if one exists, or decides that the problem is inconsistent. Our plan is to use approximations of these more complex tasks as heuristics for guiding search for a solution of a CSP task. In particular, we investigate two recent partitionbased strategies that approximate variable elimination algorithms, Mini-Bucket-Tree Elimination and Iterative Join-Graph Propagation (ijgp). The latter belong to the class of belief propagation algorithm that attracted substantial interest due to their surprising success for probabilistic inference. Our preliminary empirical evaluation is very encouraging, demonstrating that the countingbased heuristic approximated by by IJGP yields a very focused search even for hard problems.
Multiple sclerosis: Should MR criteria for dissemination in time be less stringent

for diagnosis of MS. 1 Among those, Dalton and colleagues 2 have suggested an addition to the Panel’s recommendation for imaging to determine “dissemination in time” when the initial presentation is a monosymptomatic, clinically isolated syndrome consistent with demyelinating disease and a first image is done within 3 months of presentation. From a retrospective analysis of 56 patients in whom optic neuritis was the most common presentation, the appearance of a new T2weighted lesion at a 3-month follow-up scan is more sensitive and just as specific for predicting a clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis as a new gadolinium-enhancing lesion (the recommended criterion.) The authors suggest expanding the International Panel magnetic resonance imaging criteria to include T2 lesions at the 3-month follow-up in these patients. The International Panel originally considered, but rejected, the inclusion of new T2 lesions at a 3-month imaging follow-up. The point of this criterion was to identify lesions that clearly represent new pathology. T2 lesions, as Dalton and colleagues note, can arise at any time and thus do not necessarily represent new disease activity since presentation. At this moment, the generalizability of these new results is not clear. The Queen Square MS Research Center is among the world’s most experienced at comparing scans from different time points, using highly standardized protocols with a minimum of repositioning error. They have great expertise, which may not be in place at all centers, at defining what is, and what is not, a new T2 lesion. Their baseline scans were performed a median of 5 (range, 1–12) weeks after onset of visual symptoms. This delay will vary in different practices and countries and has considerable bearing on whether an increase in T2 lesion load at 3 months reflects lesions that developed around the time of initial symptoms or truly occurred separated in time from the clinical finding. This problem may be greater still for initial isolated clinical presentations other than optic neuritis. Despite the demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of including T2 lesions at a 3-month follow-up scan at Queen Square, for most diagnosticians gadolinium-enhancing lesions at that point likely still provide the most unequivocal demonstration of new pathology. The “McDonald criteria” were intended to be revised as additional data became available. We are grateful for the contribution of Dalton and colleagues and look forward to guidance to ensure that, if incorporated, their suggestion can enhance multiple sclerosis diagnosis in everyday clinical practice.
The galaxy population of intermediate‐redshift clusters

ABSTRACT Using photometric redshifts we determine the galaxy population of the clusters ofgalaxies Cl0016+16 at z = 0.55, Cl1600+41 at z = 0.54, Cl1601+42 at z = 0.54and MS1008–1224 at z = 0.31. Comparing the clusters, we ﬁnd no evidence for auniversal shape of the total luminosity function (LF) at these redshifts. When dividingthe LFs into spectral types, we ﬁnd that the LF of the early-type galaxies alone canbe described by a Gaussian, while the LF of the late-type galaxies is well ﬁtted bya Schechter function, suggesting that the separate LFs for diﬀerent populations maybe universal. The diﬀerence in the total LFs can mainly be attributed to the varyingrelative normalisation of these populations, implying that clusters with an abundantpopulation of late-type galaxies also have steeper faint-end slopes. In MS1008–1224wedetect a faint blue population that dominates overa population with colours consistentwith dwarf ellipticals, opposite to clusters at lower redshift.Compared to low-redshift clusters, we ﬁnd that a general fading of the late-typepopulation by ∼ 2 mag and the early-type population by ∼ 1 mag describes theevolution from z = 0.55 to z = 0 well.As a consequence of the diﬀerent early-type and late-type LFs and their depen-dence on cluster radius, the fraction of blue cluster galaxies, as measured by theButcher–Oemler eﬀect, diﬀers between the clusters and depends on limiting magni-tude and radius.We ﬁnd a correlation between the dwarf-to-giant ratio and the surface density,indicating that the high density environment in the cluster cores is hostile to dwarfgalaxies.Key words: galaxies: clusters: general – galaxies: distances and redshifts – galaxies:luminosity function, mass function – cosmology: observations.
Distributed Processes on Tree Hash

Dynamic hash allows us to adjust the size of hash space dynamically according to the amount of data so that we obtain the nice time/space efficiency of the hash space. One of the proposed techniques is linear hash (LH). However, practically the technique doesn't always provide us with suitable results, especially in the case of collective (consecutive) inserts. In this investigation, we propose a new novel approach, called tree hash (TH), for the purpose of sophisticated dynamic hash processing. Here we assume distributed environment, i.e., many CPUs and huge amount of data storage connected through high speed network with each other. We show empirically the several excellent properties compared to LH*, a distributed LH
Long QT molecular autopsy in sudden infant death syndrome

Objective To describe experience of long QT (LQT) molecular autopsy in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Design Descriptive audit from two distinct periods: (1) A prospective, population-based series between 2006 and 2008 (‘unselected’). (2) Before and after 2006–2008, with testing guided by a cardiac genetic service (‘selected’). LQT genes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 were sequenced. Next of kin were offered cardiac evaluation. Setting New Zealand. Patients 102 SIDS cases. Interventions Nil. Main outcome measures Detection of genetic variants. Results Maori 49 (47%), and Pacific island 24 (23%), infants were over-represented. Risk factors were common; bed sharing was reported in 49%. Rare genetic variants were commoner within the selected than unselected populations (5 of 31 infants (16%) vs 3 of 71 infants (4%) p < 0.05). In the selected population two infants had variants of definite or probable pathogenicity (KCNQ1, E146K; KCNH2, R1047L), two had novel variants of possible pathogenicity in SCN5A (I795F, F1522Y) and one had R1193Q in SCN5A, of doubtful pathogenicity. R1193Q was also the only variant in the three cases from the unselected population and occurred as a second variant with R1047L. Engaging families proved challenging. Only 3 of 8 (38%) variant-positive cases and 18 of 94 (19%) of variant-negative families participated in cardiac/genetic screening. Conclusions LQT molecular autopsy has a very low diagnostic yield among unselected SIDS cases where risk factors are common. Diagnostic yield can be higher with case selection. Engagement of the family prior to genetic testing is essential to counsel for the possible uncertainty of the results and to permit family genotype-phenotype cosegregation studies.
Pbm: A new dataset for blog mining

Text mining is becoming vital as Web 2.0 offers collaborative content creation and sharing. Now Researchers have growing interest in text mining methods for discovering knowledge. Text mining researchers come from variety of areas like: Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistic, Machine Learning, and Statistics. A typical text mining application involves preprocessing of text, stemming and lemmatization, tagging and annotation, deriving knowledge patterns, evaluating and interpreting the results. There are numerous approaches for performing text mining tasks, like: clustering, categorization, sentimental analysis, and summarization. There is a growing need to standardize the evaluation of these tasks. One major component of establishing standardization is to provide standard datasets for these tasks. Although there are various standard datasets available for traditional text mining tasks, but there are very few and expensive datasets for blog-mining task. Blogs, a new genre in web 2.0 is a digital diary of web user, which has chronological entries and contains a lot of useful knowledge, thus offers a lot of challenges and opportunities for text mining. In this paper, we report a new indigenous dataset for Pakistani Political Blogosphere. The paper describes the process of data collection, organization, and standardization. We have used this dataset for carrying out various text mining tasks for blogosphere, like: blog-search, political sentiments analysis and tracking, identification of influential blogger, and clustering of the blog-posts. We wish to offer this dataset free for others who aspire to pursue further in this domain.
Linking Collaborative Filtering and Social Networks: Who Are My Mentors?

This paper proposes a new approach of mentor selection in memory-based collaborative filtering when no rating is available. Users are represented under the form of a social network. The selection of mentors is performed through the use of a community detection algorithm used in the frame of social networks. It allows to recommend items to a given user, by applying democratic voting rules within his community.
Visual Development & Analysis of Coreference Resolution Systems with CORVIDAE

Communication whether in verbal or written form is part of our daily life. Hence, we as humans have developed a set of skills that enable us to follow a discourse and extract important information from a text quite easily. For a machine however, language understanding is a quite challenging problem and considered to be AI-complete, i.e. a machine must reach human level intelligence in order to solve this task. Recent developments, especially those forming the semantic web, offer new ways of incorporating world knowledge into natural language processing methods. In this paper, we present our latest advancements on CORVIDAE (Coreference Resolution Visual Development & Analysis Environment), a tool for NLP developers to analyse and eventually improve coreference resolution algorithms specially designed for those that interact with world knowl-
Immunohistochemical, molecular, and cytogenetic analysis of a consecutive series of 20 peripheral t‐cell lymphomas and lymphomas of uncertain lineage, including 12 Ki‐I positive lymphomas

Although several independent series of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) have been subjected to cytogenetic studies or analyses of lineages by assaying for clonal immunophenotypes and clonal rearrangements affecting immunoglobulin (IG) and T‐cell receptor (TCR) genes, no published reports exist of series of non‐B‐cell NHLs on which cytogenetic, immunohistochemical, and IG and TCR gene rearrangement studies have been undertaken together. Among 434 NHLs ascertained prospectively between January 1984 and December 1988 at the Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center, 278 cases with clonal chromosome abnormalities were identified. Of the latter, 20 were non‐B‐cell NHLs, which in turn comprised 15 peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCLs) and 5 lymphomas of uncertain lineage (LULs). The LULs either were bigenotypic, had discordant immunophenotype and immunogenotype, or showed no evidence of B‐cell, T‐cell, or histiocytic derivation. Of the 15 PTCLs, eight expressed the Ki‐1 antigen and four of these had translocations involving the band 5q35 [t(5q35)]. Of the five LULs, four expressed the Ki‐1 antigen and one of these had a translocations involving band 5q35. Previous studies have associated t(5q35) with Ki‐1 positive NHLs characterized histologically by a pleomorphic diffuse large cell morphology. In our series of 12 Ki‐positive non‐B‐cell NHLs, five (42%) had a 5q35 translocation. They were histologically indistinguishable from the subset without the translocation. The frequent lineage uncertainty exhibited by Ki‐1 positive NHLs of similar histology and cytogenetic abnormalities suggests their derivation from an early uncommitted lymphoid cells.
Association Between the Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score and Urodynamic Examination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients With Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction

Purpose: To determine the relationship between the neurogenic bladder symptoms score (NBSS) and urodynamic examination in patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) and related lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Methods: We recruited 122 consecutive patients with MS in remission and LUTD from January 2011 to September 2013 who underwent their first urodynamic examination. Neurological impairment was assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and bladder symptoms were studied with the NBSS. Results: Median NBSS was 20.0 (interquartile range, 12.75–31.0). Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) was discovered in 69 patients (56.6%). The concordance between patients with NDO and maximum detrusor pressure during involuntary detrusor contraction (PdetmaxIDC)≥20.0 cm H2O was 0.89 (κ-Cohen; P<0.05). Patients with EDSS scores of ≥4.5 had a greater NBSS (25.41 vs. 20.19, P<0.05), NBSS-incontinence (8.73 vs. 4.71, P<0.05), NBSS-consequence (4.51 vs. 3.13, P<0.05) and NBSS-quality of life (2.14 vs. 1.65, P<0.05). The NBSS was not associated with PdetmaxIDC≥20 cm H2O (P=0.77) but with maximum cystometric capacity<212 mL (odds ratio, 0.95; P<0.05). Conclusions: The NBSS cannot give adequate information the way urodynamic studies can, in patients with MS and LUTD.
There are relatively many papers dealing with the distribution and chemical nature of efferent neurons innervating genital organs in animals

The present study was aimed at disclosing the pattern(s) of putative co-incidence of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) within the porcine “oviductal” efferent neurons using combined retrograde tracing and double-labelling immunohistochemistry. The fluorescent retrograde tracer Fast Blue (FB) was injected into the wall of the ampullar (n = 5) and isthmal (n = 5) part of the organ in ten sexually immature female pigs. After a survival period of three weeks sympathetic chain ganglia (SCG) were collected. 10 μm-thick cryostat sections of the ganglia were examined for the presence of FB-positive (FB+) nerve cells under the fluorescent microscope. Tracered neurons were processed for doublelabelling immunofluorescence according to the method of Wessendorf and Elde. Retrograde labelling revealed a population of “oviductal” efferent neurons located in the thoracic (T) and lumbar (L) SCG at the level of T14 to L5. Double-labelling immunofluorescence allowed several subpopulations of the studied perikarya to be distinguished. The largest one consisted of TH+/DβH+ (immunopositive) nerve cells. The moderate number of FB+ nerve cells expressed TH/NPYimmunoreactivity (IR). The tracered neurons did not show SP, CGRP and NOS immunoreactivity. Because identically coded nerve fibres have been observed within the wall of the porcine oviduct it can be assumed that TH+/DβH+ or TH+/NPY+ neurons are involved in the control the oviductal tonus and ovum transport.
A Rule-Based Morphological Disambiguator for Turkish

Part-of-speech (POS) tagging is the process of assigning each word of an input text into an appropriate morphological class. Automatic recognition of parts-of-speech is very important for high level NLP applications, since it would be usually infeasible to perform this task manually in practical systems. One approach to POS tagging uses morphological disambiguation which selects the most suitable morphological parse for each word from the set of parses that is assigned to that word by the morphological analyzer. Accurate POS tagging is not a simple task in general. It even becomes harder for agglutinative languages like Turkish; the number of morphological parses associated with each word in a text is usually much larger than that is for non-agglutinative languages such as English. This is due to the ambiguous nature of such languages. In this paper, we introduce an effective rule based morphological disambiguator for Turkish.