Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of MIMO MC-CDMA system using multi equalizers

The main work of the research is multiple input multiple output (MIMO) Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) framework by utilizing equalization techniques and different modulation systems that profoundly decreases the Bit Error Rate(BER). MC-CDMA is a multi user and various get to framework which is shaped by the mix of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). The MC-CDMA frameworks with transfer gives higher information rates. Be that as it may, Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) influences the general execution of these framework. To enhance the execution of the framework it is proposed to break down the framework with various modulation techniques, for example, Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) and with equalizers, for example, Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE). At last the reproduction is completed utilizing MATLAB and the execution of the performance of the system is evaluated.
Learning Synchronous Grammar Patterns for Assisted Writing for Second Language Learners

In this paper, we present a method for extracting Synchronous Grammar Patterns (SGPs) from a given parallel corpus in order to assisted second language learners in writing. A grammar pattern consists of a head word (verb, noun, or adjective) and its syntactic environment. A synchronous grammar pattern describes a grammar pattern in the target language (e.g., English) and its counterpart in an other language (e.g., Mandarin), serving the purpose of native language support. Our method involves identifying the grammar patterns in the target language, aligning these patterns with the target language patterns, and finally filtering valid SGPs. The extracted SGPs with examples are then used to develop a prototype writing assistant system, called WriteAhead/bilingual. Evaluation on a set of randomly selected SGPs shows that our system provides satisfactory writing suggestions for English as a Second Language (ESL) learners.
p53 dynamics in response to DNA damage vary across cell lines and are shaped by efficiency of DNA repair and activity of the kinase ATM

Single-cell imaging shows that the p53 response to DNA damage is dynamic and cell line–specific. Variations in p53 dynamics A cell’s response to changes in its extracellular or intracellular environment (the path between signal and output) involves complex molecular networks. These networks are temporally dynamic, requiring investigators to consider multiple time points when analyzing pathway activity. Using single-cell imaging, Stewart-Ornstein and Lahav showed not only that DNA damage dynamically induced the tumor suppressor protein p53, which regulates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, but also that those dynamics varied between cell lines, even of the same tissue type. The findings provide insight into the p53-mediated DNA damage response in multiple cell types. Because many other signaling pathways likely demonstrate this high degree of variability, the study also reveals that making generalized assumptions about cell signaling behavior based on a single cell line, or even one line for each tissue, is prone to error. Cellular systems show a wide range of signaling dynamics. Many of these dynamics are highly stereotyped, such as oscillations at a fixed frequency. However, most studies looking at the role of signaling dynamics focus on one or a few cell lines, leaving the diversity of dynamics across tissues or cell lines a largely unexplored question. We focused on the dynamics of the tumor suppressor protein p53, which regulates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. We established live-cell reporters for 12 cancer cell lines expressing wild-type p53 and quantified p53 dynamics in response to double-strand break–inducing DNA damage. In many of the tested cell lines, we found that p53 abundance oscillated in response to ionizing radiation or the DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic neocarzinostatin and that the periodicity of the oscillations was fixed. In other cell lines, p53 abundance dynamically changed in different ways, such as a single broad pulse or a continuous induction. By combining single-cell assays of p53 signaling dynamics, small-molecule screening in live cells, and mathematical modeling, we identified molecules that perturbed p53 dynamics and determined that cell-specific variation in the efficiency of DNA repair and the activity of the kinase ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) controlled the signaling landscape of p53 dynamics. Because the dynamics of wild-type p53 varied substantially between cell lines, our study highlights the limitation of using one line as a model system and emphasizes the importance of studying the dynamics of other signaling pathways across different cell lines and genetic backgrounds.
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES AND MALATE DEHYDROGENASES IN SPERM: STUDIED BY POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS *

Work on multiple forms of enzymes in spermatozoa has provided unequivocal evidence that a single cell type possesses its own complement of isozymes (Goldberg, 1963). Further, it has been shown, in studies of human spermatozoa, that one of the five lactate dehydrogenases present ( F I G U R E 1 ) is unique to the sperm cell and not found in any other human cell type (Blanco & Zinkham, 1963; Goldberg, 1963). Markert ( 1963) has recently provided the critical evidence necessary to support a sub-unit hypothesis accounting for the occurrence of five lactate dehydrogenases in vertebrate tissues (Markert, 1962; Cahn et al., 1962) . This hypothesis suggests that there are two “pure” LDH proteins with three intermediate forms of the enzyme and with separate genes controlling the synthesis of the “A” and “B” sub-units, which are required for the tetrameric structure of LDH. It is not possible to account for the distinctive L D H of the spermatozoan on the basis of this hypothesis. It may be a protein formed by a n unusual combination of the sub-units comprising the other forms of LDH, or perhaps an entirely different protein whose synthesis is controlled by a gene active only in the sperm cell or during spermiogenesis. In any case the limitations imposed on experimental design because of the relatively minute amounts of material available for study may be circumvented in part a t least by the utilization of the techniques of disc electrophoresis and microdensitometry in order to attack this problem. By these methods it has been possible to obtain some data characterizing this lactate deh ydrogenase. Multiple forms of malate dehydrogenase have not been studied as intensively as the lactate dehydrogenases. Christie and Judah (1954) reported the discrete localization of two malate dehydrogenases from rat liver in both mitochondrial and supernatant fractions, and other work has established that the supernatant M D H of several mammalian tissues differs appreciably from the corresponding mitochondrial enzyme (Englard et al., 1960; Grimm & Doherty, 1961; Delbruck et al., 1959; Thorne, 1960), on the basis of electrophoretic, chromatographic, and catalytic properties. Also, Thorne et al. (1963) have reported the occurrence of several electrophoretic components in mitochondrial M D H preparations. At present, it appears that the heterogeneity of the malate dehydrogenases is of a nature quite different from that of the lactate dehydrogenases. In invertebrate tissues the M D H picture appears to differ in that more than two forms of the enzyme generally can be demonstrated electrophoretically in a given tissue (Moore & Villee, 1963; Goldberg & Cather, 19636; Laufer, 1961 ). The present report is concerned with the use of disc electrophoresis and microdensitometry to survey the lactate and malate dehydrogenases in spermatozoa, as well as to characterize further the unique L D H in human sperm.
Regulation, Vertical Integration and Sabotage

We consider the incentive of a dominant firm that supplies a necessary input to a Bertrand-competitive differentiated products downstream industry to: (1) vertically integrate forward, and (2) raise its downstream rivals' costs through non-price activities which we characterize generally as "sabotage". We examine these incentives both in the absence and presence of a regulatory constraint on the upstream price. We find that, while an incentive for vertical integration is present regardless of the existence of the regulatory constraint, the incentive for sabotage emerges only in the presence of binding input price regulation. Welfare effects are also explored. Copyright 2001 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Xenotransplantation of cryopreserved composite organs on the rabbit

Nowadays, It is easy to define optimal conditions (cryoprotective agent, speed and steps of freezing, speed of warming) for the cryopreservation of a homogeneous cell population or a one cell-layer tissue. Meanwhile, It is still hard to obtain cryopreservation of composite organs. Each tissue has its own requirements and its own reactivity to the cryopreservation process. The challenge consists of, on the one hand, to select the ideal combination of cryoprotective agents that can fit the needs of the different tissues, and the definition of adequate technical parameters, on the other hand. All the experimental trials have studied the survival rate of non-vascularized cryopreserved tissues. The aim of our experimental work is to demonstrate the feasibility of cryopreserving a composite organ with its nutrient vessels “artery and veins” in order after thawing to revitalize it by reestablishing the blood irrigation by microsurgical vascular anastomosis. We report our experimental results on the cryopreservation of composite organs - amputated digits - xenotransplanted in the rabbit. Digital segments were cryopreserved, then revitalized after warming using vascular microsurgical techniques. Preliminary results are encouraging and may pave the way in the future to the microvascular allotransplantation of cryopreserved composite organs.
Candida albicans homologue of GGP1/GAS1 gene is functional in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and contains the determinants for glycosylphosphatidylinositol attachment

The GGP1/GAS1/CWH52 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a major exocellular 115 kDa glycoprotein (gp115) anchored to the plasma membrane through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). The function of gp115 is still unknown but the analysis of null mutants suggests a possible role in the control of morphogenesis. PHR1 gene isolated from Candida alibicans is homologous to the GGP1 gene. In this report we have analysed the ability of PHR1 to complement a ggp1Δ mutation in S. cerevisiae. The expression of PHR1 controlled by its natural promoter or by the GGP1 promoter has been studied. In both cases we have observed a complete complementation of the mutant phenotype. Moreover, immunological analysis has revealed that PHR1 in budding yeast gives rise to a 75–80 kDa protein anchored to the membrane through a GPI, indicating that the signal for GPI attachment present in the C. albicans gene product is functional in S. cerevisiae.
The Islands in the South China Sea: How Does Their Presence Limit the Extent of the High Seas and the Area and the Maritime Zones of the Mainland Coasts?

A number of small islands (the Paracel Islands, Pratas Island, the Spratly Islands, and Scarborough Reef) may have a considerable influence on the extent of maritime zones in the South China Sea. The maritime zones of these islands can limit the extent of the high seas and the Area in the South China Sea and the extent of the maritime zones of the mainland coasts. To assess the impact of the islands, it is necessary to establish whether they can generate the full suite of maritime zones. Under international law, some islands do not have an entitlement to an exclusive economic zone and continental shelf. Where islands can generate these maritime zones, a second issue arises, namely, how to delimit these zones with those of the mainland coasts bordering the South China Sea.
Human resource policies, management accounting and organisational performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between human resource (HR) policies, management accounting and organisational performance in Canada, Japan and the UK.Design/methodology/approach – A cross case analysis of the observations emerging from each of six case studies (two in Canada, two in Japan and two in the UK) result in a set of 13 findings.Findings – The seven main HR policies emerging from this study are the “job for life” (in one British and two Japanese cases), recruitment, training, performance‐related bonus scheme, teamwork, organisational culture and pensions. Important communication links between HR managers and management accountants are budgets, strategic plans, performance‐related bonus scheme and decision making. The “job for life” policy, employee recruitment decisions, viewing employees as assets (rather than costs), training, performance‐related bonus scheme, teamwork, organisational culture and a good pension scheme all had an impact on organisational perf.
Does lunar cycle effect exist? Lunar phases and stock return volatilities

The idea that lunar cycles may influence human behavior dates back at least to ancient Greece and Rome. Even in modern societies, with their emphasis on science and technology, the legend of moon affecting human behavior is a steadily growing trend. This study thus adopts a behavioral finance perspective to examine the relationship between lunar cycle and investor behavior, and specifically analyzes stock market behavior in Taiwan. The sample data employed in this investigation cover the period of 1998 to 2008, and this study adopts the asymmetric General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedosticity (GARCH) model for the analysis and considers the effect of lunar cycle for investor behavior is active or passive on the stock market. Finally, the empirical evidence presented in this study demonstrates how lunar cycle showed the significant and negative influence on stock returns, and stock volatility demonstrates statistically significant and positive influence. The results imply that the moon affects individual mood and thinking, and lead to stock market change. Key words: Lunar cycle, investor behavior, General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedosticity model.
A grey method of prioritizing engineering characteristics in QFD

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a planning and problem-solving tool that is gaining acceptance for translating customer requirements into the engineering characteristics of a product. Deriving the rating order of engineering characteristics from input variables is a crucial step in applying QFD. A grey method is proposed to prioritize engineering characteristics. The engineering characteristics are considered to be comparability sequences, while the customer requirements in customer competitive analysis are considered to be reference sequences. So QFD can be regarded as a grey system and the relationships between the customer requirements and engineering characteristic can be determined with the grey relational matrix. Then grey superior analysis is used to prioritize the engineering characteristics. An example of the door design of an automobile is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach.
Deregulation of Fas ligand expression as a novel cause of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome-like disease

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome is frequently caused by mutations in genes involved in the Fas death receptor pathway, but for 20–30% of patients the genetic defect is unknown. We observed that treatment of healthy T cells with interleukin-12 induces upregulation of Fas ligand and Fas ligand-dependent apoptosis. Consistently, interleukin-12 could not induce apoptosis in Fas ligand-deficient T cells from patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. We hypothesized that defects in the interleukin-12 signaling pathway may cause a similar phenotype as that caused by mutations of the Fas ligand gene. To test this, we analyzed 20 patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome of unknown cause by whole-exome sequencing. We identified a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.698G>A, p.R212*) in the interleukin-12/interleukin-23 receptor-component IL12RB1 in one of these patients. The mutation led to IL12RB1 protein truncation and loss of cell surface expression. Interleukin-12 and -23 signaling was completely abrogated as demonstrated by deficient STAT4 phosphorylation and interferon γ production. Interleukin-12-mediated expression of membrane-bound and soluble Fas ligand was lacking and basal expression was much lower than in healthy controls. The patient presented with the classical symptoms of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: chronic non-malignant, non-infectious lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, elevated numbers of double-negative T cells, autoimmune cytopenias, and increased levels of vitamin B12 and interleukin-10. Sanger sequencing and whole-exome sequencing excluded the presence of germline or somatic mutations in genes known to be associated with the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Our data suggest that deficient regulation of Fas ligand expression by regulators such as the interleukin-12 signaling pathway may be an alternative cause of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome-like disease.
TANF Sanctioning and Hardship

This article estimates the effects of being sanctioned, that is, of being subject to a governmental decision to reduce or eliminate welfare benefits, on material hardships and health among mothers on Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and their children. Compared to nonsanctioned mothers, those who are sanctioned are at high risk for hunger, homelessness or eviction, utility shutoffs, inadequate medical care, any material hardship, poor health, and relying on family or friends for housing. Results suggest a causal connection to hunger, utility shutoffs, any material hardship, poor maternal physical health, and relying on others for housing.
Inequality in Climate Change: a modication of RICE

I modify Nordhaus’ RICE-2010 model with the aim of performing the policy optimisation in such a way that the effects of regional inequality are accounted for as well as intergenerational inequality. I introduce a social objective that allows for different degrees of inequality aversion along the regional dimension. Comparing along this dimension, I find that a full account of the effects of policy on regional inequality reduces the optimal carbon tax relative to treating the world as an aggregate consumer. Furthermore, the way in which the social objective is introduced allows for a separation of key normative parameters such as the discount rate and coefficient of inequality aversion from those used to model the savings decision, thereby allowing us to apply a normative parameters that are different from Nordhaus’.
Product Innovation in Family versus Nonfamily Firms: An Exploratory Analysis

How family firms manage product innovation remains an overlooked topic in existing business research. This happens despite the fact that family businesses play a crucial role across all economies, and they often use technological innovation to nurture their competitive advantage. By drawing upon the resource‐based view of the firm as well as agency, stewardship, and behavioral theories and using empirical evidence gathered through a multiple case study, the paper studies how and why the anatomy of the product innovation process differs between family and nonfamily firms. The analysis shows that family businesses differ from nonfamily ones as regards product innovation strategies and organization of the innovation process.
Chiral N‐Phosphonyl Imine Chemistry: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Alkyl β‐Amino Ketones by Reacting Phosphonyl Imines with Ketone‐Derived Enolates

A series of new chiral syn‐α‐branched β‐amino ketones has been synthesized by reacting chiral phosphonyl imines with ketone‐derived enolates. The N‐protection group on imine auxiliary was found to be crucial to the asymmetric induction. The absolute stereochemistry has been unambiguously determined by converting a product to a known sample.
Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction: valved conduit of choice and clinical outcomes

Background The valved conduit of choice in right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction provides a challenge for cardiac surgeons. The present study collected data regarding the clinical outcome of valved conduits for RVOT reconstruction, so as to explore various options of ideal conduits in clinical practice. Methods English language articles on valved conduits for RVOT reconstruction were retrieved from the MEDLINE database with respect to the commonly used homograft, stented xenograft and stentless xenograft, and the occasionally used autologous tissue valved conduit as well. Clinical outcomes of each conduit were outlined with respect to their early and late mortalities, conduit failure, conduit reoperation, reoperation-free interval, actuarial freedom from reoperation, and survival rates. Conduit-related complications, risk factors and pathological findings of the valved conduits were summarized. Results Conduit failure was defined as the need for reoperation for conduit stenosis or extrinsic compression, conduit regurgitation, or anastomotic dehiscence. The conduit failure rates at 2 years were 9–55%, 35% and 25% for homograft, stented xenograft and stentless xenograft conduits, respectively. The 5-year actuarial freedoms from reoperation were 87–98.2% for homograft, 37% for Hancock, 81–92% for Carpentier–Edwards, 78% for Contegra, and 82.95% for LabCor, respectively. The result for Hancock at 5 years appeared to be disappointing, although it did prove promising, and was 79.5% at 10 years and 65.8% at 15 years. Autologous pericardial valved conduits for RVOT reconstruction showed superb properties, and the autologous monocusp pulmonary artery conduit functioned well early postoperatively, but data for long-term follow-up are lacking. Conclusion Conduit failure and explant is inevitable. This phenomenon is worse with a longer follow-up. Mechanisms involved in conduit failure are unknown, even though they were accounted for by calcification and extensive intimal proliferation, and somatic outgrowth. Homografts are commonly used and have experienced a long history. The pulmonary homograft is the most commonly used RVOT conduit, especially in small children, due to its excellent characteristics. The newly-developed Contegra conduit has become popular due to its availability in full sizes and the acceptable results obtained at intermediate follow-up. The Hancock conduit can function sufficiently well for as long as 5–10 years, and early valve failure is relatively rare. It is admissible to use the Hancock conduit as an interim measure for future conduit reoperation due to its adequate function until subsequent operation. The application of an autologeous tissue valved conduit should be considered when other alternatives are not available.
Pricing interest rate derivatives with model risk

This paper studies an interest rate derivative when there is the model risk in an interest rate model. We consider a mean reverting interest rate process whose volatility model is not known. Most of prices of interest rate derivatives cannot be determined uniquely, based on this interest rate model. We study the price bounds of a derivative and propose how to calculate the price bounds by a trinomial model. Further, we analyze the model risk of derivatives and their portfolios numerically.