Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Immunohistochemical Staining in Breast Papillary Neoplasms of Cytokeratin 5/6 and p63 in Core Needle Biopsies and Surgical Excisions

This study investigated the usefulness of immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 and p63 for the precise categorization of papillary lesions by core needle biopsy (CNB) through correlations of CNB and subsequent surgical excision results. We retrospectively reviewed 75 cases with both CNB and subsequent surgical excision showing papillary lesions on immunohistochemistry for CK5/6 and p63. Histologic and immunohistochemical criteria used to classify papillary lesions were applied equally to the CNB and surgical excision samples. Final diagnostic concordance with clinical significance was noted in 69 (92.0%) cases. Six cases had diagnostic discrepancies that changed from papilloma with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) to papilloma in 1 case, from papilloma with ADH to papilloma with usual ductal hyperplasia in 3 cases, and from papilloma with ductal carcinoma in situ to papilloma with ADH in 2 cases. In conclusion, although the results of CK5/6 and p63 in CNBs of papillary neoplasms were mostly representative of the final results for CK5/6 and p63 in subsequent surgical excisions, excisional biopsy is required for definitive subtyping due to the heterogeneous nature of papillary lesions and the possibility of overdiagnosis of papilloma with ductal carcinoma in situ in CNB, resulting in unnecessary radiation and hormone therapy.
Enhanced Emission Efficiency of Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting AlGaN Multiple Quantum Wells Grown on an N-AlGaN Underlying Layer

Remarkably enhanced light emission efficiency of AlGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) was realized by growing on an n-AlGaN underlying layer (UL). The parasitic peaks emitting from inactive regions can be effectively suppressed, and the nonradiative recombination process in AlGaN MQWs proved to be substantially lessened with the inclusion of the n-AlGaN UL. Numerical simulations showed that the electric field in AlGaN MQWs was reduced by 26%, which efficiently weakened the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE). Further analysis attributed this to the reduction of strain-induced piezoelectric electric field in the AlGaN well layer. The enhanced emission efficiency of AlGaN MQWs was therefore due to the greatly suppressed nonradiative recombination and reduced QCSE with the introduction of the n-AlGaN UL. The present research will be helpful to the future promotion of high-performance deep ultraviolet (DUV) optoelectronic devices, as well as to better understanding the recombination mechanism in AlGaN MQWs.
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil and Extracts of Tragopogon graminifolius, a Medicinal Herb from Iran

Tragopogon graminifolius DC. , family Compositae, is widely consumed as a green vegetable in the west of Iran and for the treatment of gastrointestinal and hepatic ailments. In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oil from T. graminifolius aerial parts was evaluated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Moreover, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and various extracts of T. graminifolius were determined. Fifty-eight compounds representing 87.2% of the essential oil were identified. The main components were n-hexadecanoic acid (22.0%), β-caryophyllene (7.5%), heneicosane (6.6%), and nonanal (5.2%). The essential oil demonstrated the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (56.6 ± 8.8ug/mL) and the 80% ethanolic extract the highest ferric reducing antioxidant activity (908.2±79.5 mmol Fe2+ ion/g extract). The total phenolic content of the 80% ethanolic extract from the aerial parts was the highest (560.7±18.8 mg/g gallic acid equivalent). In the antimicrobial test, Shigella dysenteriae was the most vulnerable microorganism, followed by Proteus vulgaris, and the essential oil exhibited the highest antibacterial activity among the samples. The results indicated that the essential oil and extracts of T. graminifolius could be consumed as a natural herbal preservative or complementary supplement in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
The origin of the Drosophila subretinal pigment layer

Optical insulation plays a critical role in the fine visual acuity of the Drosophila compound eye. Screening pigments expressed by a number of cell types contribute to this phenomenon. They provide optical insulation that prevents extraneous light rays from inappropriately activating the photoreceptors. This optical insulation can be divided into two categories; the insulation of the individual ommatidia, and the insulation of the compound eye as a whole. The whole‐eye insulation is provided by two sources. The sides of the eye are optically insulated by the pigment rim, a band of pigment cells that circumscribes the eye. The base of the eye is insulated by the subretinal pigment layer; a thick layer of pigment that lies directly underneath the retina. How this subretinal pigment layer is generated has not been clearly described. Here, experiments that manipulate pigment expression during eye development suggest that the subretinal pigment layer is directly derived from pigment cells in the overlying retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2676–2682, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterizing and reducing equifinality by constraining a distributed catchment model with regional signatures, local observations, and process understanding

Abstract. Distributed catchment models are widely used tools for predicting hydrologic behavior. While distributed models require many parameters to describe a system, they are expected to simulate behavior that is more consistent with observed processes. However, obtaining a single set of acceptable parameters can be problematic, as parameter equifinality often results in several behavioral sets that fit observations (typically streamflow). In this study, we investigate the extent to which equifinality impacts a typical distributed modeling application. We outline a hierarchical approach to reduce the number of behavioral sets based on regional, observation-driven, and expert-knowledge-based constraints. For our application, we explore how each of these constraint classes reduced the number of behavioral parameter sets and altered distributions of spatiotemporal simulations, simulating a well-studied headwater catchment, Stringer Creek, Montana, using the distributed hydrology–soil–vegetation model (DHSVM). As a demonstrative exercise, we investigated model performance across 10 000 parameter sets. Constraints on regional signatures, the hydrograph, and two internal measurements of snow water equivalent time series reduced the number of behavioral parameter sets but still left a small number with similar goodness of fit. This subset was ultimately further reduced by incorporating pattern expectations of groundwater table depth across the catchment. Our results suggest that utilizing a hierarchical approach based on regional datasets, observations, and expert knowledge to identify behavioral parameter sets can reduce equifinality and bolster more careful application and simulation of spatiotemporal processes via distributed modeling at the catchment scale.
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for State Equivalence to a Nonlinear Discrete-Time Observer Canonical Form

In this technical note, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a multi-input, multi-output, discrete-time nonlinear system to be state equivalent to a nonlinear observer form, and for an uncontrolled multi-output system to be state equivalent to a linear observer form. We adopt a geometric approach, and the proofs are constructive with respect to the required coordinate change.
Structural analysis of two plant 5S rRNA species and fragments thereof by lead‐induced hydrolysis

The structure of plant 5S rRNA species from lupin and wheat germ as well as the structure of two RNA fragments that represent domains β and γ of lupin 5S rRNA have been probed by Pb(II)‐induced hydrolysis. The lead digestion patterns of 5S rRNA species show that the secondary and tertiary structures of the molecules are very similar. The data suggests that two potential base pairs at the bottom of helix E are destabilized and this causes an enlargement of the hairpin loop e. On the other hand, nucleotides from loop c seem to be involved in the formation of some kind of higher order structure. A comparison of the distribution of cleavages induced in RNA fragments to those in the corresponding regions of the entire 5S rRNA shows that under conditions applied in our studies the structural domains β and γ are not involved in formation of any tertiary interaction within 5S rRNA structure.
Econometric Model of Underground Economy Scale Estimation

As a special economic mode under market economy, underground economy exists in every country all over the world, China included for sure. Underground economy destroys badly normal market order and reasonable distribution of social resources, and makes national macro-control more difficult. This article establishes an econometric model to measure the un- derground economy scale in China in recent 5 years.
Linear Models for the Impact of Order Flow on Prices I. Propagators: Transient vs. History Dependent Impact

Market impact is a key concept in the study of financial markets and several models have been proposed in the literature so far. The Transient Impact Model (TIM) posits that the price at high frequency time scales is a linear combination of the signs of the past executed market orders, weighted by a so-called propagator function. An alternative description -- the History Dependent Impact Model (HDIM) -- assumes that the deviation between the realised order sign and its expected level impacts the price linearly and permanently. The two models, however, should be extended since prices are a priori influenced not only by the past order flow, but also by the past realisation of returns themselves. In this paper, we propose a two-event framework, where price-changing and non price-changing events are considered separately. Two-event propagator models provide a remarkable improvement of the description of the market impact, especially for large tick stocks, where the events of price changes are very rare and very informative. Specifically the extended approach captures the excess anti-correlation between past returns and subsequent order flow which is missing in one-event models. Our results document the superior performances of the HDIMs even though only in minor relative terms compared to TIMs. This is somewhat surprising, because HDIMs are well grounded theoretically, while TIMs are, strictly speaking, inconsistent.
In Vitro Motility Assay to Study Translocation of Actin by Myosin

A basic property of myosin is its ability to interact with and translocate actin. This unit describes an in vitro motility assay that can be used to study the translocation, or sliding, of actin filaments by myosin bound to a coverslip. The assay makes use of the ability to image single F‐actin filaments labeled with rhodamine phalloidin, a high‐affinity fluorescent ligand using fluorescence microscopy. The system is fast, easy to set up and maintain, uses only small amounts of protein, and yields quantitative results.
Probable Oil and Gas Reserves and Shareholder Returns: The Impact of Shale Gas

Oil and gas reserves are the most important assets of oil and gas companies. A source of confusion for investors in oil companies is that reserves quantities and values are uncertain estimates. Reserves are typically classified according to probabilities of recovery from underground reservoirs. All U.S. listed companies have to disclose proved reserves but not probable reserves, thus leaving out potentially important information for investors and financial analysts. This study addresses the impact on market valuation of various classifications of reserves amounts. Using a data sample of 94 companies that do disclose information on probable reserves, we compare the relation between three classifications of reserves and oil company returns. While we find that information on probable reserves do not have an impact on stock returns measured over the entire time period, this is not the case since 2009, coinciding with the onset of the shale gas revolution.
Color Constancy Based on Image Similarity

Computational color constancy is a classical problem in computer vision. It is an under-constrained problem, which can be solved based on some constraint. Existing algorithms can be divided into two groups: physics-based algorithms and statistics-based approaches. In this paper, we propose a new hypothesis that the images generated under a same illumination have some similar features. Based on this hypothesis, a novel statistics-based color constancy algorithm is given and a new similarity function between images is also defined. The experimental results show that our algorithm is effective and it is more important that the dimension of the features in our algorithm is much lower than many former statistics-based algorithms.
Relationship of health-related quality of life with fatigue and exercise capacity in patients with coronary artery disease

Objective: The study objective was to evaluate the relationship of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with fatigue and exercise capacity in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods: A total of 1072 consecutive CAD patients on admission to a cardiac rehabilitation program were evaluated for HRQoL (36-item Short Form Medical Outcome Questionnaire; SF-36), body mass index, clinical characteristics (New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, angina pectoris class, coronary interventions, treatment with beta blockers, hypertension and diabetes), symptoms of depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20; MFI-20), and exercise capacity (bicycle ergometer test). Results: In univariate regression analyses lower scores on all SF-36 domains were associated with greater scores on all MFI-20 subscales. Exercise capacity was associated with all SF-36 domains, except for social functioning and mental health domains. In multivariate regression analyses, after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, NYHA class, angina pectoris class, hypertension, diabetes, coronary interventions, treatment with betablockers, and symptoms of depression and anxiety, greater limitation due to physical and due to emotional problems, poor social functioning, decreased energy/vitality, worse general health perception, reduced mental component summary and lower global SF-36 score were independently associated with higher MFI-20 general fatigue score. Reduced physical functioning, greater pain, and reduced physical component summary SF-36 scores were associated with greater MFI-20 physical fatigue score. Lower SF-36 mental health score was associated, with greater MFI-20 mental fatigue score. Conclusion: In CAD patients undergoing rehabilitation, poor HRQoL is associated with greater fatigue and decreased exercise capacity independently from mental distress and CAD severity score.
mRNA expression of the five membrane‐type matrix metalloproteinases MT1–MT5 in human prostatic cell lines and their down‐regulation in human malignant prostatic tissue

The aim of this study was to assess the expression of membrane‐type matrix metalloproteinases (MT‐MMPs) 1–5 in the human prostatic cell lines BPH‐1, LNCaP, DU 145, PC‐3, in malignant and non‐malignant prostatic tissue samples, and in epithelial cells cultured from these tissue samples.
Malware detection on android smartphones using keywords vector and SVM

With the development of smart phones, more and more mobile phone malwares have came out in the market especially on the popular platforms such as Android, which can potentially cause harm to users' information. But how to effectively detect the new malwares and malicious software variants has been a difficult problem. In view of the traditional feature extraction method based on binary program, this paper presents a method for feature extraction of JAVA source code. The method uses the Keywords Correlation Distance to compute the correlation between key codes such as API calls, Android permissions, the common parameters, and the common key words in Android malware source code. Then SVM is applied to make the system gain to accommodate the function of the new malicious software sample, so as to detect new malicious software and existing malwares. This method is different from the conventional methods which are based on the context of the text. This method combines the characteristics of the malicious software categories and operating environment to record the behavior of the malicious software. Experiments show that the method is efficient and effective in detecting malwares on Android platform.
Mock Juror Perceptions of Rape Victims

The purpose of the present study was to examine mock juror perceptions of rape victims based on the sex of the offender and victim (male offender/female victim vs. female offender/male victim), relationship to the offender (stranger vs. acquaintance vs. intimate partner), revictimization (no revictimization vs. revictimization), and individual differences in rape myth acceptance (RMA) and life history strategy (LHS). Participants (N = 332) read a vignette describing a forcible rape scenario and completed victim and perpetrator blame scales, the Mini-K, and a gender-neutral Rape Myth Acceptance Scale. Results indicated increased victim blame in revictimization conditions, as well as female offender/male victim conditions. A significant mediation effect of LHS on victim blame through the indirect effect of RMA was found, which is predicted from life history theory. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Time-optimal Control Strategies for a Hybrid Electric Race Car

Recently, the Formula 1 propulsion system has evolved from being a conventional combustion engine toward a highly integrated hybrid electric powertrain. Since 2014, the vehicles have been equipped with an electric motor for extra boosting and regenerative braking, and an electrified turbocharger to improve the engine’s torque response and to recover waste heat from the exhaust gas. The powertrain is controlled with a dedicated energy management system, which significantly influences the vehicle’s acceleration performance as well as its fuel and electric energy consumption. Therefore, the strategy must be carefully optimized. In this paper, we propose a computationally efficient method to evaluate the theoretic, optimal energy management strategy leading to the best possible lap time. Since the driving path cannot be influenced by the energy management strategy, but is rather determined by the driver’s steering’s input, we separate the optimization of velocity profile and energy management from the problem of finding the optimal driving path. By carefully introducing convex approximations and relaxations, we formulate the problem as a convex optimal control problem that can be solved efficiently using dedicated numerical solvers. The proposed method allows parameter studies to be conducted within a reasonable time frame of a few minutes, while the optimization results serve as a benchmark for any real-time energy management strategy ultimately to be used during a real race.
Exploring supervisees’ in-session experiences of utilizing intentional nondisclosure

ABSTRACT Investigations of supervisee intentional nondisclosure can only occur after the incident has happened. Thus, prior studies of the phenomenon have been limited in the ability to encourage rich participant recall. In the current study, we reviewed a video-recorded supervision session with ten participants and used an Interpersonal Process Recall-informed interview procedure to understand their in-session experiences of utilizing intentional nondisclosure. Using transcendental phenomenological analysis, we identified three themes: (a) impressions of the supervisory relationship, (b) reactions to the structure or process of supervision, and (c) experiences of balancing professional and evaluative relationships. Implications for supervisors and training programs are discussed.
Long-term survival in a dog with meningoencephalitis and epidural abscessation due to Actinomyces species

A 2-year-old, female spayed Golden Retriever dog was presented to The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center for evaluation of ataxia, cervical pain, 1 episode of acute collapse, dull mentation, and inappetence. Physical examination revealed an elevated temperature of 39.7°C and severe cervical pain. Blood work revealed a mature neutrophilia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed nondegenerative neutrophilic pleocytosis with no infectious agents. A presumptive diagnosis of steroid-responsive meningitis–arteritis was made, and corticosteroid therapy was started. The patient improved initially but experienced a vestibular episode characterized by falling and vertical nystagmus. A magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed an epidural abscess in the cervical vertebral canal and diffuse meningeal enhancement in the brain and cranial cervical spine. Abscess drainage revealed degenerate neutrophils and several filamentous, branching organisms. Culture of the initial CSF using an enrichment broth revealed growth of a Gram-positive organism 5 days after fluid collection. The isolate was identified by partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing as Actinomyces spp. The patient was successfully treated with long-term antibiotics. Our study reports the long-term survival after medical treatment of bacterial meningoencephalitis and epidural abscessation due to Actinomyces sp. infection in a dog. Bacterial meningoencephalitis should be included as a differential diagnosis in patients with cervical pain and fever, even when a nondegenerative neutrophilic pleocytosis is found on CSF analysis. Culture of the CSF with use of an enrichment broth should be considered in all cases of neutrophilic pleocytosis to rule out infections of the central nervous system.
Effects of Zinc Deuteroporphyrin Bis Glycol on Newborn Mice After Heme Loading

Infants with hemolytic diseases frequently develop hyperbilirubinemia and are treated with phototherapy, which only eliminates bilirubin after its production. A better strategy might be to directly inhibit heme oxygenase (HO), the rate-limiting enzyme in bilirubin production. Metalloporphyrins (Mps) are heme analogs that competitively inhibit HO activity in vitro and in vivo and suppress plasma bilirubin levels in vivo. A promising Mp, zinc deuteroporphyrin bis glycol (ZnBG), is orally absorbed and effectively inhibits HO activity at relatively low doses. We determined the I50 (the dose needed to inhibit HO activity by 50%) of orally administered ZnBG in vivo and then evaluated ZnBG's effects on in vivo bilirubin production, HO activity, HO protein levels, and HO-1 gene expression in newborn mice after heme loading, a model analogous to a hemolytic infant. The I50 of ZnBG was found to be 4.0 μmol/kg body weight (BW). At a dose of 15 μmol/kg BW, ZnBG reduced in vivo bilirubin production, inhibited heme-induced liver HO activity and spleen HO activity to and below baseline, respectively, transiently induced liver and spleen HO-1 gene transcription, and induced liver and spleen HO-1 protein levels. We conclude that ZnBG may be an attractive compound for treating severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia caused by hemolytic disease.