Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

OBJECTIVE to identify the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its components in a population of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. METHOD a cross-sectional study was conducted with 201 diabetic patients. A descriptive analysis and Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests ( p <0.05) were performed. RESULTS the majority of participants were females and overweight, with a mean age of 63.1 years and a low level of education, and categorized as physically inactive. Of all individuals investigated, 50.7% were diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome and 92% had at least one of the syndrome components with values beyond those recommended. CONCLUSION it is essential to take preventive actions and develop studies that help to identify the factors associated with this syndrome.
Comparison of Oxygen Cost of Breathing between Pressure-Support Ventilation and Airway Pressure Release Ventilation

We compared the oxygen cost of breathing between pressure-support ventilation (PSV) and airway pressure release ventilation (APRV). This prospective, randomized, crossover study was conducted in a mixed ICU of a university hospital. Twenty clinically stable and spontaneously breathing patients after long-term mechanical ventilation were included. The patients were randomized to start on either PSV or APRV mode and measurements were obtained after an adaptation period of 30 minutes with a PaCO2 between 35–45 mmHg and PaO2 above 60 mmHg. Patients were then switched to the other mode and the same measurements were repeated. Indirect calorimetry was performed during each ventilatory mode for a period of 30 minutes. Oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, CO2 production, and respiratory quotient were measured. The parameters did not differ significantly between the two ventilatory modes, regardless of the patient's randomization. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to respiratory rate, minute volume, and blood gas analysis. All patients tolerated both ventilatory modes without signs of discomfort. PSV and APRV produced similar results in terms of oxygen cost of breathing and other metabolic variables.
Guns, Sails, and Empires: Technological Innovation and the Early Phases of European Expansion 1400–1700 . By Carlo M. Cipolla. New York: Pantheon Books, 1966. 192 pp. Illustrations, Appendices, Bibliography, Index. $5.00.

Chang Ch'ien's report) must have been Rome. " Pelliot in 1915 and Homer Dubs in 1943 have opted for Alexandria in Egypt, a place famous for its conjurors and acrobats. As to the "cloths and bamboo from Shu," S. Cammann has hazarded the guess that these actually derived from northeast India, not Szechuan. Finally, in connection with the report, it is saddening to read that the Chinese name for grape, p'u-t'ao, "seems to be a phonetic transcription of the Greek word bodrus," citing Laufer's Sino-Iranica as authority. This is precisely contrary to Laufer's thesis. He rejects any connection between p'u-t'ao and po' yus and instead suggests derivation from a word something like Ferganian bu-daw, Iranian budawa. In 1921 Pelliot also rejected the same derivation. More recently (1958) J. Chmielewski proposed an original Ferganian badag(a) in place of Laufer's bu-daw. Following the telling of the report of Chang Ch'ien our author records the struggle for horses for the imperial stables by an army of Han Wu-ti and the resistance by the state of Kokand with the aid of a force from K'angchu. Among those in the relief force were, we read, "engineers from Ta-Ch'in—the Roman Empire," and she adds: "This is one of the earliest references to Rome in Chinese history. " But the text in question records that the one who knew how to bore wells and who came to the city's aid was Ch'in jen, i.e., a renegade from China, not Rome. There are many such points needing correction, some of them minor perhaps, but sufficient to make this reviewer wish that a surer hand had dealt with the Chinese material and the most recent information on central Asia. Wang Mang's inter-regnum ended in A. D. 23, not 25. Kanishka's reign period, long in dispute, may not have been between 105 and 125 but a century later. The constant equation of Ta-Ch'in and Rome is unsettling; the Roman Orient is a safer term. The Hou Han shu in reporting the arrival in A. D. 120 of people from the country of Shan does not record that they came from Ta-Ch'in; it is much more cautious. The text runs: "They themselves said: we are men from the west of the sea; the west of the sea is the same as Ta-Ch'in. " In writing of transmissions westward from China in early days, surely some mention might have been made of the recent Russian discovJOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES
Prediction & Assessment of Change Prone Classes Using Statistical & Machine Learning Techniques

Software today has become an inseparable part of our life. In order to achieve the ever demanding needs of customers, it has to rapidly evolve and include a number of changes. In this paper, our aim is to study the relationship of object oriented metrics with change proneness attribute of a class. Prediction models based on this study can help us in identifying change prone classes of a software. We can then focus our efforts on these change prone classes during testing to yield a better quality software. Previously, researchers have used statistical methods for predicting change prone classes. But machine learning methods are rarely used for identification of change prone classes. In our study, we evaluate and compare the performances of ten machine learning methods with the statistical method. This evaluation is based on two open source software systems developed in Java language. We also validated the developed prediction models using other software data set in the same domain (3D modelling). The performance of the predicted models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. The results indicate that the machine learning methods are at par with the statistical method for prediction of change prone classes. Another analysis showed that the models constructed for a software can also be used to predict change prone nature of classes of another software in the same domain. This study would help developers in performing effective regression testing at low cost and effort. It will also help the developers to design an effective model that results in less change prone classes, hence better maintenance.
Chromatin Flow Cytometry Identifies Changes in Epigenetic Cell States

We report flow cytometric protocols that quantitatively display the levels of different histone modifications on the single cell level. This method allows the rapid and simultaneous analysis of the global levels of chromatin marks in combination with other flow cytometric features. We show that chromatin flow cytometry identifies changes in epigenetic marks, such as histone acetylation and methylation, in drug-treated and differentiated mouse embryonic stem cell populations.
Cross-phase Modulation-induced crosstalk for RZ-DPSK signals in dispersive transmission systems

In highly dispersive return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) transmission systems, the overlap of optical pulses gives a nonperiodic optical intensity that induces nonperiodic phase modulation to adjacent channels through cross-phase modulation (XPM). The variance of the differential phase induced by XPM and pulse overlap is derived analytically. The impact of pulse overlap is smaller for a system using short RZ optical pulses. For two adjacent channels without spectral overlap, the standard deviation (STD) of XPM-induced phase shift is approximately inversely proportional to the channel separation.
Study on Power Control in the Cognitive AD HOC Self-organizing Network

Nodes in ad hoc networks form dynamic topologies typically with scarce resources, such as energy and bandwidth. A main challenge in the operation of such networks is the efficient allocation of resources for radio communications. In this context, the presented paper proposes a power control mechanism created as a network-assisted function of ad hoc cognitive packet-based routing and aimed at reducing both energy consumption in nodes and mutual interference of adjacent communications. Simulation results in NS-2 show significant energy savings after applying the proposed algorithm. In addition, simulation results and a mathematical analysis of interference models, depict a reduction of neighboring radio interference and results in a promising increase of network throughput.
Are we Really Producing Public Health Experts in India? Need for a Paradigm Shift in Postgraduate Teaching in Community Medicine

The concept of community medicine (CM)/public health has evolved to its current position from the days when some medical educators regarded community health program as a “pump” that will go out into the community and bring in a sufficient number of patients to provide teaching material for the hospital and the medical school. Others regarded these programs as a “filter,” which will select from a community practice those interesting cases that can be used for teaching purposes. (1) In India, the birth of public health dates back to more than a century. The public health administration in India actually started in 1869 with the appointment of a Sanitary Commission. (2) On the recommendations of Medical Education Conference in 1955, departments of Preventive and Social Medicine (PSM), later named as CM, were established in Medical colleges all over the country. (2) As the subject was new at that time, the public health experts thus produced tried their best to establish the departments more firmly in the medical colleges and the recognition of this subject as a medical specialty today—is only because of their hard work.
Validation of a novel robot-assisted 3DUS system for real-time planning and guidance of breast interstitial HDR brachytherapy.

PURPOSE In current clinical practice, there is no integrated 3D ultrasound (3DUS) guidance system clinically available for breast brachytherapy. In this study, the authors present a novel robot-assisted 3DUS system for real-time planning and guidance of breast interstitial high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy treatment. METHODS For this work, a new computer controlled robotic 3DUS system was built to perform a hybrid motion scan, which is a combination of a 6 cm linear translation with a 30° rotation at both ends. The new 3DUS scanner was designed to fit on a modified Kuske assembly, keeping the current template grid configuration but modifying the frame to allow the mounting of the 3DUS system at several positions. A finer grid was also tested. A user interface was developed to perform image reconstruction, semiautomatic segmentation of the surgical bed as well as catheter reconstruction and tracking. A 3D string phantom was used to validate the geometric accuracy of the reconstruction. The volumetric accuracy of the system was validated with phantoms using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) images. In order to accurately determine whether 3DUS can effectively replace CT for treatment planning, the authors have compared the 3DUS catheter reconstruction to the one obtained from CT images. In addition, in agarose-based phantoms, an end-to-end procedure was performed by executing six independent complete procedures with both 14 and 16 catheters, and for both standard and finer Kuske grids. Finally, in phantoms, five end-to-end procedures were performed with the final CT planning for the validation of 3DUS preplanning. RESULTS The 3DUS acquisition time is approximately 10 s. A paired Student t-test showed that there was no statistical significant difference between known and measured values of string separations in each direction. Both MRI and CT volume measurements were not statistically different from 3DUS volume (Student t-test: p > 0.05) and they were significantly correlated to 3DUS measurement (Pearson test: MRI p < 0.05 and CT p < 0.001). The mean angular separation distance between catheter trajectories segmented from 3DUS and CT images was 0.42° ± 0.24°, while the maximum and mean trajectory separations were 0.51 ± 0.19 and 0.37 ± 0.17 mm, respectively. Overall, the new finer grid has performed significantly better in terms of dosimetric indices. The planning target volume dosimetric indices were not found statistically different between 3DUS and CT planning (Student t-test, p > 0.05). Both the skin and the pectoral muscle dosimetric indices were within ABS guidelines. CONCLUSIONS A novel robot-assisted 3DUS system was designed and validated. To their knowledge, this is the first system capable of performing real-time guidance and planning of breast multicatheter HDR brachytherapy treatments. Future investigation will test the feasibility of using the system in the clinic and for permanent breast brachytherapy.
Strengthening the Patient–Provider Relationship in the Aftermath of Physical Trauma Through an Understanding of the Nature and Severity of Posttraumatic Concerns

Abstract Few investigations have focused on patients' concerns in the immediate aftermath of physical trauma. A population–based sample of 120 hospitalized injury survivors was recruited and followed over the course of the year after injury. Open–ended, semi–structured items were developed to elicit up to three concerns related to the injury from each hospitalized inpatient. Concern narratives were coded into content domains, and concern severity was assessed. Patients most frequently expressed physical health concerns (68%), followed by work and finance (59%), social (44%), psychological (25%), medical (8%), and legal (5%) concerns. The expression of three severe concerns immediately after the trauma was associated with higher PTSD symptoms levels over the course of the year. Greater initial concern severity independently predicted persistent PTSD symptoms 12 months after the injury (Adjusted Relative Risk = 1.71, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.05, 2.78). Early posttraumatic concerns can be readily elicited and reliably interpreted. Psychological concerns constitute a minority of total concerns after physical trauma, and the presence of greater numbers of severe concerns predicts worsening symptomatic course. Incorporation of posttraumatic concern assessments has the potential to simultaneously strengthen the posttraumatic patient–provider relationship and to link patient–centered evaluation with individual and community-level PTSD and functional outcome evaluations.
Short channel effects (SCEs) characterization of underlaped dual-K spacer in dual-metal gate FinFET device

FinFETs are new structures for scaling the devices at sub-nanometer regime to continue the Moore's law. To increase the performance of FinFETs, a dual metal gate with underlap concepts has been introduced. Moreover, its performance can be enhanced by spacers. The dual metal gate comprises of two different workfunction materials (Molybdenum and Tungsten) for double gate (DG) and triple gate (TG) FinFET structures with different underlap length (LUN) has been presented. The TG FinFET exhibits the better control of short channel effects (SCEs) over the DG FinFET device. The significance of the spacer with a variation of spacer length poses the use of dual-k spacer in TG FinFET device to procure the better performance such as high on-current (Ion), Ion/Ioff ratio and smaller subthreshold swing (SS), drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL). The simulation carried by SILVACO ATLAS, and it shows that TG FinFET with different combination of dual-k (smaller high-k length (Lhk), larger low-k length (Llk)) draws an attention for nanoscale application.
Power and social influence in relationships.

As the philosopher Bertrand Russell observed, power plays a central role in everyday social interactions, and it serves as an organizing principle in the social and behavioral sciences (Reis, Collins, & Berscheid, 2000). Given its paramount importance, one might expect power would hold a privileged place in the field of social psychology and particularly in the study of relationships. Although there are major theoretical statements on what power is (e.g., French & Raven, 1959; Thibaut & Kelley, 1959) and how it should affect relationship dynamics (e.g., Huston, 1983), and there are isolated pockets of research on how power influences interpersonal outcomes (see the References), power has never been a hotbed of theoretical or empirical activity. One overarching goal of this chapter is to begin to change this state of affairs. There are several reasons why power has not become a central, organizing construct within either social psychology or the field of interpersonal relationships. First, the construct of power has multiple components, making it challenging to define and measure. This, in turn, has made it difficult to interpret the effects that the amount of power wielded by each partner has on important relationship or individual outcomes. Second, most prior studies of power in relationships have been descriptive and have relied on global assessments of power (e.g., “In general, how much power or influence do you have over your partner? ”). Partners in established relationships, however, often have and may exert different amounts of power in different decision-making domains (e.g., financial, sexual, future plans), and global conceptualizations and measures of power do not assess—and often may not predict—domain-specific areas of power in relationships, especially in close and committed relationships. In addition, the degree to which people are accurately aware of the power dynamics in their relationships remains unclear. Overreliance on self-report measures may have masked some of the actual processes of power and influence in many relationships. Despite these challenges, understanding power and the influence strategies and tactics that individuals use to get what they want from their relationship partners is essential to understanding a host of important relationship dynamics and outcomes (Reis et al., 2000). Although power can be (and has been) defined in different ways, we provisionally define power as the ability of one individual in a relationship (the influence agent) to exert influence on another person (the target of influence) so that the influence agent obtains the specific outcomes he or she wants in a given situation while being able to resist influence attempts by the target. We define influence strategies as the higher level goals and interpersonal approaches that influence agents use to try to
Characterization of rat LECAM‐1 (L‐selectin) by the use of monoclonal antibodies and evidence for the presence of soluble LECAM‐1 in rat sera

We have characterized the rat LECAM‐1 (L‐selectin) by the use of newly generated hamster anti‐rat LECAM‐1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) (HRL1, HRL2, HRL3, HRL4), with respect to the biochemistry, cellular distribution and function, and developed an ELISA system to detect the soluble form of rat LECAM‐1. In the rat, lymphocyte and neutrophil LECAM‐1 have apparent molecular masses of 65 and 62 kDa, respectively, and differential glycosylation may account for the molecular heterogeneity. Readily detectable levels of LECAM‐1 are expressed on peripheral blood lymphocytes and neutrophils, but not on thymocytes. Lymphocyte LECAM‐1 is rapidly shed from the cell surface upon cell activation with PMA, but not with interleukin (IL)‐8. In contrast, neutrophil LECAM‐1 showed rapid shedding upon stimulation with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) or IL‐8. Concomitantly there is up‐regulated expression of Mac‐1 in PMA‐ and IL‐8‐stimulated neutrophils. Neutrophil rolling in mesenteric venules was significantly inhibited by administration of function‐blocking anti‐rat LECAM‐1 mAb HRL3, but not by non‐blocking HRL4, indicating that LECAM‐1 plays a significant role in leukocyte rolling. Given that LECAM‐1 is rapidly shed from the cell surface, we attempted to develop an ELISA system for detecting LECAM‐1 is soluble form, and measured the levels in experimental autoimmune uveitis. The circulating levels of LECAM‐1 increased from day 4, which preceded the appearance of clinical signs of uveitis and remained high until uveitis subsided, suggesting that soluble LECAM‐1 is potentially a useful parameter to monitor certain types of inflammatory or immune disorders.
FLEXTLS: A Tool for Testing TLS Implementations

We present FLEXTLS, a tool for rapidly prototyping and testing implementations of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol. FLEXTLS is built upon MITLS, a verified implementation of TLS, and hence protocol scenarios written in FLEXTLS can benefit from robust libraries for messaging and cryptography. Conversely, attack scripts in FLEXTLS can be used to evaluate and communicate the impact of new protocol vulnerabilities. FLEXTLS was used to discover recent attacks on TLS implementations, such as SKIP and FREAK, as well as to program the first proof-of-concept demos for FREAK and Logjam. It is also being used to experiment with proposed designs of the upcoming version 1.3 of TLS. Our goal is to create a common platform where protocol analysts and practitioners can easily test TLS implementations and share protocol designs, attacks or proofs.
Analysis of Temperature Dependent Effects on I–V Characteristics of Heterostructure Tunnel Field Effect Transistors

This paper provides an analysis of the intrinsic factors influencing the temperature dependence of the I<sub>d</sub>-V<sub>ds</sub>-V<sub>gs</sub> characteristics of heterostructure Tunnel FETs based on GaSb/InAs tunneling junctions. The temperature dependence of energy bandgap, quantum confinement energy-shifts, and fermi-level position are quantified. There is significant cancellation among the various effects, such that the overall I<sub>d</sub> - V<sub>ds</sub> - V<sub>gs</sub> characteristics are expected to have remarkably small temperature dependence, of the order of 10 - 20 mV shift in V<sub>gs</sub> over the temperature range of 0 - 125 °C. Considerations are also discussed for representative extrinsic effects such as trap-assisted tunneling, which affect many experimental devices to a variable extent.
Use of hinged circular fixator constructs for the correction of crural deformities in three dogs.

BACKGROUND Hinged circular external skeletal fixator constructs are used to perform sequential correction of angular limb deformities, often with resultant limb segment lengthening, via distraction osteogenesis. Although there are several reports describing the use of these constructs for correction of antebrachial deformities in dogs, there is little information regarding their use on other limb segments. This report describes the use of hinged circular fixator constructs for the correction of acquired crural deformities in three skeletally immature dogs. CASE REPORTS Two dogs had purely frontal plane deformities (one valgus, one varus) and the third dog had frontal (valgus) and sagittal (recurvatum) components to its deformity. At the time of long-term evaluation, frontal plane angulation relative to the contralateral limb improved from 40° to 22° of valgus, 30° to 5° of valgus, and 20° to 1° of varus in the three individual dogs. Tibial length discrepancies of 12% and 22% that were initially present in two dogs were improved to 6% and 10%, respectively, of the contralateral tibial length at the time of final evaluation; both dogs had compensatory growth of the ipsilateral femur and all dogs had an excellent functional outcome. CONCLUSION These cases illustrate the value of using hinged circular fixator constructs for correction of crural angular deformities, particularly when length discrepancies of the tibia are present.