Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density in Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus and Relationship to Serum Levels of Osteopontin

Abstract Background Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients are at risk of osteoporosis and fracture due to the osteoblast and osteoclast malfunction. Osteopontin (OPN) as the major non-collagenous bone matrix protein is produced by osteoblasts and osteoclasts and involve in bone resorption, formation and remodeling. To evaluate the serum levels of OPN, bone mineral density (BMD) and correlation in patients with T1DM this study was designed. Methods In this case-control study, 87 children with T1DM and 87 age/sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. Blood samples were tested for OPN levels by ELISA. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure BMD. Results The mean levels of BMD in patients was significantly lower than control group (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference between patients and healthy subjects regarding the levels of OPN. However, in patients with high levels of OPN (mean+1.5 standard deviation) the BMD was significantly lower than other patients (p<0.0001). Totally there was a negative correlation between serum levels of OPN and BMD in patients with T1DM (p<0.016). Conclusion These results indicated that the BMD in T1DM is less than healthy children and elevated level of OPN in patients could be associated with low BMD. A linear negative correlation between serum OPN and total BMD of T1DM patients compared to control group was noticed in this study indicating that the amount of serum OPN could be effective on BMD and a good predicting factor for osteoporosis in patients.
A dynamic taint tracking based method to detect sensitive information leaking

Sensitive information leaking of network servers attacked by malwares or hackers is a serious security risk of Internet. The paper presents a dynamic taint tracking based method to automatically detect sensitive data leaking. The method automatically tags sensitive data as taint data and monitors the propagation of taint data in memory. If the sensitive data is sent by sockets or written into files, the method will alert and record detail leaking context. The whole process does not need modifying the network server source code or relying on particular server programming languages. The research is useful to improve security of all kinds of network. In the experiment part, successfully detecting the OpenSSL Heartbleed attack proves the effectiveness of the method.
Automatic proof-search heuristics in the Maude invariant analyzer tool

The Invariant Analyzer Tool is an interactive tool that mechanizes an inference system for proving safety properties of concurrent systems, which may be infinite-state or whose set of initial states may be infinite. This paper presents the automatic proof-search heuristics at the core of the Maude Invariant Analyzer Tool, which provide a substantial degree of automation and can automatically discharge many proof obligations without user intervention. These heuristics can take advantage of equationally defined equality predicates and include rewriting, narrowing, and SMT-based proof-search techniques.
Resource management for QoS support in cellular/WLAN interworking

To provide mobile users with seamless Internet access anywhere and anytime/ there is a strong demand for interworking mechanisms between cellular networks and wireless local area networks in the next-generation all-IP wireless networks. In this article we focus on resource management and call admission control for QoS support in cellular/WLAN interworking. In specific, a DiffServ interworking architecture with loose coupling is presented. Resource allocation in the interworking environment is investigated/ taking into account the network characteristics, vertical handoff, user mobility, and service types. An effective call admission control strategy with service differentiation is proposed for QoS provisioning and efficient resource utilization. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed call admission control scheme.
Object-oriented and conventional analysis and design methodologies

Three object-oriented analysis methodologies and three object-oriented design methodologies are reviewed and compared to one another. The authors' intent is to answer the question of whether emerging object-oriented analysis and design methodologies require incremental or radical changes on the part of prospective adopters. The evolution of conventional development methodologies is discussed, and three areas-system partitioning, end-to-end process modeling, and harvesting reuse-that appear to be strong candidates for further development work are presented. <<ETX>>
Incremental Syntactic Parsing of Natural Language Corpora with Simple Synchrony Networks

The article explores the use of Simple Synchrony Networks (SSNs) for learning to parse English sentences drawn from a corpus of naturally occurring text. Parsing natural language sentences requires taking a sequence of words and outputting a hierarchical structure representing how those words fit together to form constituents. Feedforward and simple recurrent networks have had great difficulty with this task, in part because the number of relationships required to specify a structure is too large for the number of unit outputs they have available. SSNs have the representational power to output the necessary O(n/sup 2/) possible structural relationships because SSNs extend the O(n) incremental outputs of simple recurrent networks with the O(n) entity outputs provided by temporal synchrony variable binding. The article presents an incremental representation of constituent structures which allows SSNs to make effective use of both these dimensions. Experiments on learning to parse naturally occurring text show that this output format supports both effective representation and effective generalization in SSNs. To emphasize the importance of this generalization ability, the article also proposes a short-term memory mechanism for retaining a bounded number of constituents during parsing. This mechanism improves the O(n/sup 2/) speed of the basic SSN architecture to linear time, but experiments confirm that the generalization ability of SSN networks is maintained.
Male victims of rape and sexual abuse

This paper is an introduction to the literature on the sexual assault of adult males. Various myths concerning the survivors, perpetrators and plausibility of such assaults are challenged. Problems relating to official statistics on the prevalence of such assaults are briefly discussed. Prevalence data from a community sample and a study of gay men are presented. There currently exists little empirical research on the psychological sequelae of sexual assaults on men. However, data from case studies of men assaulted by men or women have found that survivors may exhibit a number of symptoms, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and sexual problems including confusion about sexual orientation. Evidence concerning optimal treatment strategies for survivors is not available. However, a number of points relating to the early and delayed management of survivors are suggested.
Flow Optimization in Parallel Relay Networks : A Routing Perspective

We investigate the routing problem in parallel relay networks consisting of a source sending information to a destination via relays. To exploit the broadcasting nature of the wireless channel, the source broadcasts to the relays and the relays forward the decoded information to the destination. The flow rates on all links in the network are selected to minimize the average transmit power required. We consider two optimal protocols, respectively in which the relays forward the decoded information synchronously and asynchronously. It turns out that not all relays forward information in the optimal asynchronous protocol. Using this fact, we propose a sub-optimal protocol employing at most two relays. In synchronous relaying, the optimal protocol gives around 1dB and over 3dB improvements compared at the outage probability of 10−4 with respect to traditional routing at low-rate and high-rate requirements, respectively. Again, we propose a two-relay sub-optimal protocol for synchronous transmission. These sub-optimal relaying protocols can be viewed as generalizations to traditional routing. Simulation results indicate that these sub-optimal protocols give performances that are close to the performances of the optimal protocols and superior to that of traditional routing.
Transport of the cholera toxin B-subunit from recycling endosomes to the Golgi requires clathrin and AP-1

ABSTRACT The retrograde pathway is defined by the transport of proteins and lipids from the plasma membrane through endosomes to the Golgi complex, and is essential for a variety of cellular activities. Recycling endosomes are important sorting stations for some retrograde cargo. SMAP2, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Arf1 with a putative clathrin-binding domain, has previously been shown to participate in the retrograde transport of the cholera toxin B-subunit (CTxB) from recycling endosomes. Here, we found that clathrin, a vesicle coat protein, and clathrin adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1) were present at recycling endosomes and were needed for the retrograde transport of CTxB from recycling endosomes to the Golgi, but not from the plasma membrane to recycling endosomes. SMAP2 immunoprecipitated clathrin and AP-1 through a putative clathrin-binding domain and a CALM-binding domain, and SMAP2 mutants that did not interact with clathrin or AP-1 could not localize to recycling endosomes. Moreover, knockdown of Arf1 suppressed the retrograde transport of CTxB from recycling endosomes to the Golgi. These findings suggest that retrograde transport is mediated by clathrin-coated vesicles from recycling endosomes and that the role of the coat proteins is in the recruitment of Arf GAP to transport vesicles. Summary: Clathtin and AP-1 are required for the retrograde transport of cholera toxin from recycling endosomes to the Golgi complex.
Correcting Illumina data

Next-generation sequencing technologies revolutionized the ways in which genetic information is obtained and have opened the door for many essential applications in biomedical sciences. Hundreds of gigabytes of data are being produced, and all applications are affected by the errors in the data. Many programs have been designed to correct these errors, most of them targeting the data produced by the dominant technology of Illumina. We present a thorough comparison of these programs. Both HiSeq and MiSeq types of Illumina data are analyzed, and correcting performance is evaluated as the gain in depth and breadth of coverage, as given by correct reads and k-mers. Time and memory requirements, scalability and parallelism are considered as well. Practical guidelines are provided for the effective use of these tools. We also evaluate the efficiency of the current state-of-the-art programs for correcting Illumina data and provide research directions for further improvement.
Acoustically Levitated Droplets

Acoustic levitation is used as a new tool to study concentration‐dependent processes in fluorescence spectroscopy. With this technique, small amounts of liquid and solid samples can be measured without the need for sample supports or containers, which often limits signal acquisition and can even alter sample properties due to interactions with the support material. We demonstrate that, because of the small sample volume, fluorescence measurements at high concentrations of an organic dye are possible without the limitation of inner‐filter effects, which hamper such experiments in conventional, cuvette‐based measurements. Furthermore, we show that acoustic levitation of liquid samples provides an experimentally simple way to study distance‐dependent fluorescence modulations in semiconductor nanocrystals. The evaporation of the solvent during levitation leads to a continuous increase of solute concentration and can easily be monitored by laser‐induced fluorescence.
Ways to assess hindsight bias

Hindsight bias is a robust phenomenon; it has been found with different designs, materials, and measures. However, several methodological problems may hinder an adequate analysis and interpretation of results obtained in experimental studies of the effect. This article therefore systematizes and critically discusses relevant features of designs, materials, and types of feedback, as well as different operationalizations and indices of hindsight bias. In particular, the potential confound of recollection and reconstruction, which may lead to inadequate theoretical conclusions, is addressed.
An error theory for compatibilist intuitions

One debate in the experimental exploration of everyday judgments about free will is whether most people are compatibilists or incompatibilists. Some recent research suggests that many people who have incompatibilist intuitions are making a mistake; as such, they do not have genuine incompatibilist intuitions. Another worry is whether most people appropriately understand determinism or confuse it with similar, but different, notions such as fatalism. In five studies we demonstrate people distinguish determinism from fatalism. While people overall make this distinction, a large percentage of people still judge that a person who is fated to perform an action is both free and morally responsible for that action. Those who thought that one freely performs and is morally responsible for a fated action had much stronger compatibilist judgments. These data suggest that a substantial percentage of people have “free will no matter what” intuitions. As a result, even though many people may appear to be compatibilists, they are not.
Accountability and Control

Amidst all the changes that higher education has seen and continues to undergo, one issue remains constant. It is the dialectic between academic freedom on the one hand and accountability on the other. Depending on how one answers the question 'Freedom for whom and to do what? ' and 'Accountability to whom? ', so the nature of higher education, its task and its responsibilities differ. Almost two centuries agin I798the German philosopher Kant sought to reconcile these apparently conflicting principles. Three faculties, he argued, were rightly the object of state intervention on the grounds that their exercise had considerable influence on the people and the well-being of the state. Amongst these first faculties were Theology, Medicine and Law. That distinguished them from the fourth faculty, which was Philosophy, was their regulation by government statute. Philosophy, he argued, did not fall under the constraints of the state. Concerned with the pursuit of scholarship and truth, it is free to judge the teaching of the other faculties. And since Man is by nature free, and thus not under any constraint but the pursuit of truth, state regulation of the philosophical faculty was inappropriate [I]. The development of mass higher education has been accompanied by what can only be termed a polarisation around these twin issues of freedom and accountabiliry. For some, academic freedom acts as an ideology, hiding the fact that higher education is wholly at the service of the ruling groups in society or working in defence of the established social and economic order. For others, academic freedom constitutes the prime condition, the fundamental guarantee that the 'search for truth can be pursued somewhere without restraint'. According to Karl Jaspers,
Opportunistic Scheduling of Randomly Coded Multicast Transmissions at Half-Duplex Relay Stations

We consider the multicast scheduling problem for the block transmission of packets in a heterogeneous network using a half-duplex relay station (RS). The RS uses random linear coding to efficiently transmit packets over time-varying multicast channels. Our goal is to minimize the average decoding delay. Because of the half-duplex operation, at each time slot, the RS must decide to either: (1) fetch a new packet for encoding from the base station or (2) multicast a coded packet to wireless users. Thus, optimal scheduling hinges on exploiting multicast opportunities while persistently supplying the encoder (at the RS) with new packets. We formulate an associated fluid control problem and show that the optimal policy incorporates opportunism across multicast channels, i.e., the RS performs a multicast transmission only if the collection of channel conditions is favorable; otherwise, it performs a fetch. Based on the fluid policy, we propose an online algorithm. We prove that our algorithm asymptotically incurs no more than 4/3 and 2 times the optimal delay, for two-user and arbitrary number of user system, respectively. Simulation results show that, in fact, our algorithm's performance is very close to theoretical bounds.
A fuzzy based secure QoS routing protocol using ant colony optimization for mobile Ad hoc network

Ensuring secure communication in mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is the main challenging task due to the network characteristics. In this paper, we apply fuzzy logic method and method of ant colony optimization (ACO) to establish a secure routing path with minimum delay for mobile ad hoc network. The ACO algorithm is used to establish a virtual backbone connecting cluster heads (CHs). The general ACO algorithm is modified to allow selection of routing path, based on trust value of the nodes lying in the routing path and delaying experienced in the path. The procedure uses a fuzzy logic controller to evaluate the trust value of the nodes based on node's QoS parameters: energy drain rate, lifetime of the node, packet drop rate and packet forwarding status of the node. The behavior of the protocol under various attacks is analyzed. Experimentation shows that the algorithm results in secure shortest routing path for data communication. Additionally, the packet drop rate and routing delay of the proposed routing protocol in presence of malicious nodes is fewer compared to secure cluster based routing protocol (SCBRP) and Fuzzy Logic based Security Level routing protocol (FLSL).
Adjunct attachment is not a form of lexical ambiguity resolution

Three eye-tracking experiments investigated ambiguity resolution in sentences containing adjunct modifiers. The experiments tested readers' response to sentences that began with a noun phrase complex containing two nouns and a preposition (oforwith). A prepositional phrase or relative clause modified one of the noun phrases. The sentences were either temporarily or fully ambiguous as to which noun phrase was modified. The first and third experiments used semantic plausibility to disambiguate attachment (when disambiguation was possible). The second experiment used gender agreement to disambiguate attachment. The type of modifier, prepositional phrase versus relative clause, affected processing of the modifier as did the type of preposition in the noun phrase complex, theta-assigning versus non-theta-assigning. The data challenge the idea that syntactic ambiguity resolution is a form of lexical ambiguity resolution achieved via competition (MacDonald, 1994; MacDonald, Pearlmutter, & Seidenberg, 1994; Spivey-Knowlton & Sedivy, 1995).
Loss of FUBP1 expression in gliomas predicts FUBP1 mutation and is associated with oligodendroglial differentiation, IDH1 mutation and 1p/19q loss of heterozygosity

The Far Upstream Element [FUSE] Binding Protein 1 (FUBP1) regulates target genes, such as the cell cycle regulators MYC and p21. FUBP1 is up‐regulated in many tumours and acts as an oncoprotein by stimulating proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Recently, FUBP1 mutations were identified in approximately 15% of oligodendrogliomas. To date, all reported FUBP1 mutations have been predicted to inactivate FUBP1, which suggests that in contrast to most other tumours FUBP1 may act as a tumour suppressor in oligodendrogliomas.
Inorganic Phosphate Deprivation Causes tRNA Nuclear Accumulation via Retrograde Transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Nuclear export of tRNA is an essential eukaryotic function, yet the one known yeast tRNA nuclear exporter, Los1, is nonessential. Moreover recent studies have shown that tRNAs can move retrograde from the cytosol to the nucleus by an undefined process. Therefore, additional gene products involved in tRNA nucleus–cytosol dynamics have yet to be identified. Synthetic genetic array (SGA) analysis was employed to identify proteins involved in Los1-independent tRNA transport and in regulating tRNA nucleus–cytosol distribution. These studies uncovered synthetic interactions between los1Δ and pho88Δ involved in inorganic phopshate uptake. Further analysis revealed that inorganic phosphate deprivation causes transient, temperature-dependent nuclear accumulation of mature cytoplasmic tRNA within nuclei via a Mtr10- and retrograde-dependent pathway, providing a novel connection between tRNA subcellular dynamics and phosphate availability.
Changes in fine-root production, phenology and spatial distribution in response to N application in irrigated sweet cherry trees.

Factors regulating fine-root growth are poorly understood, particularly in fruit tree species. In this context, the effects of N addition on the temporal and spatial distribution of fine-root growth and on the fine-root turnover were assessed in irrigated sweet cherry trees. The influence of other exogenous and endogenous factors was also examined. The rhizotron technique was used to measure the length-based fine-root growth in trees fertilized at two N rates (0 and 60 kg ha(-1)), and the above-ground growth, leaf net assimilation, and air and soil variables were simultaneously monitored. N fertilization exerted a basal effect throughout the season, changing the magnitude, temporal patterns and spatial distribution of fine-root production and mortality. Specifically, N addition enhanced the total fine-root production by increasing rates and extending the production period. On average, N-fertilized trees had a length-based production that was 110-180% higher than in control trees, depending on growing season. Mortality was proportional to production, but turnover rates were inconsistently affected. Root production and mortality was homogeneously distributed in the soil profile of N-fertilized trees while control trees had 70-80% of the total fine-root production and mortality concentrated below 50 cm depth. Root mortality rates were associated with soil temperature and water content. In contrast, root production rates were primarily under endogenous control, specifically through source-sink relationships, which in turn were affected by N supply through changes in leaf photosynthetic level. Therefore, exogenous and endogenous factors interacted to control the fine-root dynamics of irrigated sweet cherry trees.