Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crustal and upper-mantle structure in the Eastern Mediterranean from the analysis of surface wave dispersion curves

SUMMARY The dispersive properties of surface waves are used to infer earth structure in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Using group velocity maps for Rayleigh and Love waves from 7 to 100 s, we invert for the best 1-D crust and upper-mantle structure at a regular series of points. Assembling the results produces a 3-D lithospheric model, along with corresponding maps of sediment and crustal thickness. A comparison of our results to other studies finds the uncertainties of the Moho estimates to be about 5 km. We find thick sediments beneath most of the Eastern Mediterranean basin, in the Hellenic subduction zone and the Cyprus arc. The Ionian Sea is more characteristic of oceanic crust than the rest of the Eastern Mediterranean region as demonstrated, in particular, by the crustal thickness. We also find significant crustal thinning in the Aegean Sea portion of the backarc, particularly towards the south. Notably slower S-wave velocities are found in the upper mantle, especially in the northern Red Sea and Dead Sea Rift, central Turkey, and along the subduction zone. The low velocities in the upper mantle that span from North Africa to Crete, in the Libyan Sea, might be an indication of serpentinized mantle from the subducting African lithosphere. We also find evidence of a strong reverse correlation between sediment and crustal thickness which, while previously demonstrated for extensional regions, also seems applicable for this convergence zone.
Cultivation of medicinal isabgol (Plantago ovata) in alkali soils in semiarid regions of Northern India

There is growing global demand for medicinal drugs including isabgol (Plantago ovata). With increasing demand of food for an ever‐increasing population in India, it is not possible to bring arable lands under cultivation for aromatic and medicinal plants. Salt‐affected lands (both saline and alkali) occupy about 8·6 million ha. Due to poor physical properties and excessive exchangeable Na+, most of these lands do not support good vegetation cover. The marginal and salt‐affected lands could be successfully utilized for the cultivation of aromatic and medicinal plants. We achieved almost complete germination of isabgol seeds using up to 5000 ppm salt‐solution. Grain yield (including husk) was 1·47 to 1·58 t ha−1 at pH 9·2 showing no significant yield reduction as compared to normal soil. At pH 9·6 the grain yield was 1·03 to 1·12 t ha−1. At higher pH there was significant reduction in yield. Sowing in good moisture (at field capacity) of soil was found best, but to save time sowing at shallow depth in dry soil, followed by irrigation was also suitable as compared to broadcasting seeds. The chlorophyll content was greater 70 days after sowing compared to younger stages (50 days after sowing). The total chlorophyll and plant biomass were lower from crops grown by broadcasting methods of sowing as compared to two other methods of sowing. The leaf area index (LAI) was higher for the broadcasting method of sowing as compared to the other two methods. Na+ absorption increased and K+ and K+/Na+ ratio decreased with increase in pH. Results reported in this paper clearly indicate that isabgol can successfully be grown on moderately alkali soils up to pH 9·6 without the application of any amendment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting by AutophaGy proteins (TAG): Targeting of IFNG-inducible GTPases to membranes by the LC3 conjugation system of autophagy

ABSTRACT LC3 has been used as a marker to locate autophagosomes. However, it is also well established that LC3 can localize on various membranous structures other than autophagosomes. We recently demonstrated that the LC3 conjugation system (ATG7, ATG3, and ATG12–ATG5-ATG16L1) is required to target LC3 and IFNG (interferon, gamma)-inducible GTPases to the parasitophorus vacuole membrane (PVM) of a protist parasite Toxoplasma gondii and consequently for IFNG to control T. gondii infection. Here we show that not only LC3, but also its homologs (GABARAP, GABARAPL1, and GABARAPL2) localize on the PVM of T. gondii in a conjugation-dependent manner. Knockout/knockdown of all LC3 homologs led to a significant reduction in targeting of the IFNG-inducible GTPases to the PVM of T. gondii and the IFNG-mediated control of T. gondii infection. Furthermore, when we relocated the ATG12–ATG5-ATG16L1 complex, which specifies the conjugation site of LC3 homologs, to alternative target membranes, the IFNG-inducible GTPases were targeted to the new target membranes rather than the PVM of T. gondii. These data suggest that the localization of LC3 homologs onto a membrane by the LC3 conjugation system is necessary and sufficient for targeting of the IFNG-inducible GTPases to the membrane, implying Targeting by AutophaGy proteins (TAG). Our data further suggest that the conjugation of ubiquitin-like LC3 homologs to the phospholipids of membranes may change the destiny of the membranes beyond degradation through lysosomal fusion, as the conjugation of ubiquitin to proteins changes the destiny of the proteins beyond proteasomal degradation.
Design of a Data-Driven Predictive Controller for Start-up Process of AMT Vehicles

In this paper, a data-driven predictive controller is designed for the start-up process of vehicles with automated manual transmissions (AMTs). It is obtained directly from the input-output data of a driveline simulation model constructed by the commercial software AMESim. In order to obtain offset-free control for the reference input, the predictor equation is gained with incremental inputs and outputs. Because of the physical characteristics, the input and output constraints are considered explicitly in the problem formulation. The contradictory requirements of less friction losses and less driveline shock are included in the objective function. The designed controller is tested under nominal conditions and changed conditions. The simulation results show that, during the start-up process, the AMT clutch with the proposed controller works very well, and the process meets the control objectives: fast clutch lockup time, small friction losses, and the preservation of driver comfort, i.e., smooth acceleration of the vehicle. At the same time, the closed-loop system has the ability to reject uncertainties, such as the vehicle mass and road grade.
Task Uncertainty and Emergency Management Task Performance: The Mediating and Moderating Roles of Knowledge Sharing

Each emergency management presents itself with a unique set of characteristics that are hard to determine a priori. Thus emergency management tasks are inherently uncertain, requiring knowledge sharing and quick decision making that involves coordination across different levels and collaborators. While there has been an increasing interest among both researchers and practitioners in utilizing knowledge sharing to improve emergency management performance, little research has been reported about how the role of knowledge sharing mediates and moderates the relationship of emergency management tasks and emergency management task performance (task effectiveness and task efficiency). Using combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, we developed the dimensions and their corresponding measures of emergency management tasks and test the relationships between the various dimensions of management tasks and emergency management performance through the mediating and moderating roles of knowledge sharing purposes.
Video Face Editing Using Temporal-Spatial-Smooth Warping

Editing faces in videos is a popular yet challenging task in computer vision and graphics that encompasses various applications, including facial attractiveness enhancement, makeup transfer, face replacement, and expression manipulation. Directly applying the existing warping methods to video face editing has the major problem of temporal incoherence in the synthesized videos, which cannot be addressed by simply employing face tracking techniques or manual interventions, as it is difficult to eliminate the subtly temporal incoherence of the facial feature point localizations in a video sequence. In this article, we propose a temporal-spatial-smooth warping (TSSW) method to achieve a high temporal coherence for video face editing. TSSW is based on two observations: (1) the control lattices are critical for generating warping surfaces and achieving the temporal coherence between consecutive video frames, and (2) the temporal coherence and spatial smoothness of the control lattices can be simultaneously and effectively preserved. Based upon these observations, we impose the temporal coherence constraint on the control lattices on two consecutive frames, as well as the spatial smoothness constraint on the control lattice on the current frame. TSSW calculates the control lattice (in either the horizontal or vertical direction) by updating the control lattice (in the corresponding direction) on its preceding frame, i.e., minimizing a novel energy function that unifies a data-driven term, a smoothness term, and feature point constraints. The contributions of this article are twofold: (1) we develop TSSW, which is robust to the subtly temporal incoherence of the facial feature point localizations and is effective to preserve the temporal coherence and spatial smoothness of the control lattices for editing faces in videos, and (2) we present a new unified video face editing framework that is capable for improving the performances of facial attractiveness enhancement, makeup transfer, face replacement, and expression manipulation.
From Public Polls to Tweets: Developing an Algorithm for Classifying Sentiment from Twitter Based on Computing with Words

Uncertainty is an intrinsic part of sentiment analysis, especially when dealing with social media (Twitter data) that known as noisy texts. Although there are many researches have been done in sentiment analysis, accuracy in identifying sentiment from Twitter data is still far from satisfactory. In this paper, we address this limitation by investigating computing with words (CWW) and granule computing (GC) approaches that all contribute towards improving sentiment classification on Twitter. CWW can provide a solid basis for the computational theory of perceptions under the environments of imprecision, uncertainty, and partial truth. CWW technique is employed to translate propositions expressed in a natural language into what is called generalized constraint language (GCL) with possibilistic type and applying rules of fuzzy constraint propagation. GC is engaged to infer an answer to a query expressed in a natural language "which granule does the proposition belongs to? " The experimental results show that it is feasible to use CWW to classify sentiment.
OF WOODEN CORES FROM HISTORIC BUILDINGS FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN HIGH ASIA

We had the opportunity to collect valuable wooden core samples from historic monasteries, temples, and secular buildings in 4 regions of High Asia, namely Dolpo (Nepal), ancient Nyangpo, Gyalrong/Minyag, and Lhasa and surroundings (all on the Tibetan Plateau, China). Tree species collected for dating include Pinus wallichiana (Dolpo), Juniperus tibetica, Pinus densata and several species of the genera Picea (spruce), Larix (larch), and Abies (fir) on the Tibetan Plateau, which could not always be determined to the species level due to the parallel occurrence of species of the same genus in these regions. Some of the wood samples were successfully dendro-dated with local tree-ring chronologies, but many could not, indicating a potentially higher age than the existing local chronologies. By accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating and wiggle-matching 199 14C samples from 73 collected timbers, it was possible to date these wood samples with high precision, and important information about the possible time of construction of these important historic buildings was obtained for the first time. Floating chronologies of 14C-dated wood span the periods AD 650 to 900 in Dolpo and ~200 BC to AD 420 on the Tibetan Plateau. Besides dating of the wood samples from these historic monuments, 14C AMS dating with wiggle-matching gives the opportunity to extend the range of the currently existing regional tree-ring chronologies for future environmental reconstructions on the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas.
Novel signatures of cancer‐associated fibroblasts

Increasing evidence indicates the importance of the tumor microenvironment, in particular cancer‐associated fibroblasts, in cancer development and progression. In our study, we developed a novel, visually based method to identify new immunohistochemical signatures of these fibroblasts. The method employed a protein list based on 759 protein products of genes identified by RNA profiling from our previous study, comparing fibroblasts with differential growth‐modulating effect on human cancers cells, and their first neighbors in the human protein interactome. These 2,654 proteins were analyzed in the Human Protein Atlas online database by comparing their immunohistochemical expression patterns in normal versus tumor‐associated fibroblasts. Twelve new proteins differentially expressed in cancer‐associated fibroblasts were identified (DLG1, BHLHE40, ROCK2, RAB31, AZI2, PKM2, ARHGAP31, ARHGAP26, ITCH, EGLN1, RNF19A and PLOD2), four of them can be connected to the Rho kinase signaling pathway. They were further analyzed in several additional tumor stromata and revealed that the majority showed congruence among the different tumors. Many of them were also positive in normal myofibroblast‐like cells. The new signatures can be useful in immunohistochemical analysis of different tumor stromata and may also give us an insight into the pathways activated in them in their true in vivo context. The method itself could be used for other similar analysis to identify proteins expressed in other cell types in tumors and their surrounding microenvironment.
PatRICIA -- A Novel Programming Model for IoT Applications on Cloud Platforms

Cloud computing technologies have recently been intensively exploited for the development and management of large-scale IoT systems, due to their capability to integrate diverse types of IoT devices and to support big IoT data analytics in an elastic manner. However, due to the diversity, complexity and scale of IoT systems, the need to handle large volumes of IoT data in a nontrivial manner, and the plethora of domain-dependent IoT controls, programming IoT applications on cloud platforms still remains a great challenge. To date, existing work neglects high-level programming models and focuses on low-level IoT data and device integration. In this paper, we outline PatRICIA, which aims at providing an end-to-end solution for high-level programming and provisioning of IoT applications on cloud platforms. We present a novel programming model, based on the concept of intent and intent scope. Further, we introduce its runtime for dealing with the complexity, diversity and scale of IoT systems in the cloud. Our programming model defines abstractions to enable easier, efficient and more intuitive development of cloud-scale IoT applications. To illustrate our programming model, we present a case study with real-world applications for controlling and managing electric vehicles.
Monitoring disulfide bond formation in the eukaryotic cytosol

Glutathione is the most abundant low molecular weight thiol in the eukaryotic cytosol. The compartment-specific ratio and absolute concentrations of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG, respectively) are, however, not easily determined. Here, we present a glutathione-specific green fluorescent protein–based redox probe termed redox sensitive YFP (rxYFP). Using yeast with genetically manipulated GSSG levels, we find that rxYFP equilibrates with the cytosolic glutathione redox buffer. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro data show the equilibration to be catalyzed by glutaredoxins and that conditions of high intracellular GSSG confer to these a new role as dithiol oxidases. For the first time a genetically encoded probe is used to determine the redox potential specifically of cytosolic glutathione. We find it to be −289 mV, indicating that the glutathione redox status is highly reducing and corresponds to a cytosolic GSSG level in the low micromolar range. Even under these conditions a significant fraction of rxYFP is oxidized.
Mapping Energy: Cartographies of Energy Into The Twenty‐First Century

“Energy” presents a number of complex and interrelated challenges regarding the environment, economy, and politics. In this paper, we argue that cartography should help clarify our understanding of energy issues, but ask whether this has in fact been the case. In a review of over 100 articles pulled from twenty‐three peer‐reviewed geography journals, we qualitatively assess energy maps published since the early 20th century, examining trends in topic and cartographic technique. Energy maps in geography journals have focused on North America and Western Europe while relying on proportional symbols, grayscale production, and the analysis of energy phenomena at the national scale—tendencies that in many instances have limited our understanding of the ways in which energy is actually consumed. Simultaneously, cartographers are limited to the energy data available to them, frequently precluding small‐scale consumption analysis or consideration of diurnal and seasonal trends. We argue that the future of energy cartography relies on access to consumption data coupled with greater user interactivity.
TOWARDS SMART HOME: CONTROL ELECTRICAL DEVICES ONLINE

The rapid growth of the World Wide Web, has made the web is not just use for delivering information. Currently, Web is used to carry information in a borderless way since one of its features is stateless. The extension of the technology has discovered a web also could delivered signals. Since the introduction to the smart home concept, a web plays an important roles to control almost every electrical devices connected to internet that enable the user can control it every where. This paper presents on development of web-based controller for control electrical device. The prototype developed using Microsoft Visual Studio. NET and Circuit design. The methodology used in this project consists of three main phases which are Analysis, Design and Implementation. For future advancement, the prototype intends to include SMS module so that controlling can be done through SMS.
Rare earth elements in a stalagmite from southwestern Japan: A potential proxy for chemical weathering

Copyright © 2014 by The Geochemical Society of Japan. etation (e.g., Dorale et al., 1998) or humidity (e.g., Frappier et al., 2002). In addition, alkaline earth metal ratios (e.g., Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Ba/Ca) in stalagmites vary with temperature, precipitation rate, and other variations in water chemistry, which leads to further potential uses as proxies for paleoenvironmental conditions (e.g., Fairchild et al., 2000; Johnson et al., 2006; Cruz et al., 2007; Fairchild and Treble, 2009; Hori et al., 2013). The application of multiple proxies to stalagmites can therefore improve our understanding of past climatic and environmental changes on seasonal to orbital timescales (e.g., Fairchild and Treble, 2009; Lachniet, 2009). Rare earth element (REE) variations in stalagmites are another potential environmental proxy. The REEs, otherwise known as the lanthanide series elements, have tradiRare earth elements in a stalagmite from southwestern Japan: A potential proxy for chemical weathering
Mechanisms associated with the erosion of sand dune cliffs, Magilligan, Northern Ireland

A fifteen year history of coastal dune recession at Magilligan, Northern Ireland has revealed both time and space contrasts in processes and morphology. Since 1968 ‘storm’ frequency has increased, while dune retreat reached a peak (5·4 m) in 1978–1979. Three types of dune eroding events are noted, resulting from particular wave/wind/tide combinations. The spatial variability in dune scarping is associated with vegetation and soil development, and slope failures range from granular avalanches to retrogressive rotational slumps.
Seven Principles to Mine Flexible Behavior from Physiological Signals for Effective Emotion Recognition and Description in Affective Interactions

Measuring affective interactions using physiological signals has become a critical step to understand engagements with human and artificial agents. However, traditional methods for signal analysis are not yet able to effectively deal with the differences of responses across individuals and with flexible sequential behavior. In this work, we rely on empirical results to define seven principles for a robust mining of physiological signals to recognize and characterize affective states. The majority of these principles are novel and driven from advanced pre-processing techniques and temporal data mining methods. A methodology that integrates these principles is proposed and validated using electrodermal signals collected during human-to-human and human-to-robot affective interactions.
Implementation of a simplified flow cytometric assays for minimal residual disease monitoring in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) in B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to assess treatment response is crucial for risk assignment. Flow cytometry can be used to monitor MRD in ALL but the implementation of this approach requires extensive expertise. If resources are limited, the costs of full flow cytometric MRD testing might be prohibitive.
Bayesian recursive parameter estimation for hydrologic models

The uncertainty in a given hydrologic prediction is the compound effect of the parameter, data, and structural uncertainties associated with the underlying model. In general, therefore, the confidence in a hydrologic prediction can be improved by reducing the uncertainty associated with the parameter estimates. However, the classical approach to doing this via model calibration typically requires that considerable amounts of data be collected and assimilated before the model can be used. This limitation becomes immediately apparent when hydrologic predictions must be generated for a previously ungauged watershed that has only recently been instrumented. This paper presents the framework for a Bayesian recursive estimation approach to hydrologic prediction that can be used for simultaneous parameter estimation and prediction in an operational setting. The prediction is described in terms of the probabilities associated with different output values. The uncertainty associated with the parameter estimates is updated (reduced) recursively, resulting in smaller prediction uncertainties as measurement data are successively assimilated. The effectiveness and efficiency of the method are illustrated in the context of two models: a simple unit hydrograph model and the more complex Sacramento soil moisture accounting model, using data from the Leaf River basin in Mississippi.