Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Consultations of Central Nervous System Tumors: A Review for Practicing Pathologists and Testing of an Algorithmic Approach.

Intraoperative consultations or frozen sections for central nervous system (CNS) tumors present a significant challenge for surgical pathologists because of their relative rarity and diversity. Yet, such lesions are encountered by every surgical pathologist, and a basic understanding of clinical, radiological and genetic information is critical to successfully evaluate CNS frozen sections. It is often beneficial to have a systematic approach or an algorithm, and to be aware of the common pitfalls and mimickers when dealing with these lesions. We propose such an algorithm in an effort to construct a sensible approach to CNS frozen sections that considers recent developments in the WHO CNS tumor classification. The algorithm was developed for surgical pathologists who are occasionally faced with making diagnosis of CNS tumors on frozen sections. To test the algorithm and its practicability, we selected a group of tumors among a total of 3288 consecutive intraoperative consultations performed at UCSF between 2013 and 2017. The selected cases represented lesions that may be encountered in everyday surgical pathology and constituted a fair reflection of the main group. The algorithm was used by three of the authors who did not have formal neuropathology training and had been in surgical pathology practice for at least 3 years. There was a very high level of concordance among the authors' diagnosis (interobserver concordance: 0.83-0.97-kappa value) using the algorithm with high intraobserver reliability (concordance 93%, p<0.001). We suggest that an algorithmic approach is an effective means for the surgical pathologists, and may help reach diagnosis during frozen sections.
Saliva cotinine concentrations in pregnant women who smoke and use nicotine patches

Abstract Background and Aims Due to concerns about increased exposure to nicotine, pregnant women using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to stop smoking are usually advised to stop using NRT if they relapse to smoking. This study investigated whether this is justified. We compared changes in saliva cotinine from baseline to 2 weeks post‐target quit date pregnant smokers who relapsed to smoking and continued to use their patches having been assigned to use nicotine patches or placebo. Design and Setting Controlled pre–post design stratified by intervention condition from the ‘Study of Nicotine Patch in Pregnancy’, a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial. Participants A sample of 268 pregnant women, assigned placebo (n = 122) or nicotine (n = 146) patches, who returned for further supplies of patches and who reported any smoking in the week prior to a visit at 2 weeks after their target quit date. Measurements Saliva cotinine concentrations were measured at baseline and 2 weeks after participants’ target quit dates. Any smoking in the previous week was assessed by self‐report, validated by expired air carbon monoxide (CO). Findings There was no change in saliva cotinine concentrations between baseline and 2 weeks post‐target quit date in saliva cotinine concentration in the nicotine patch group [ratio of geometric means = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83 to 1.07; P = 0.37, Bayes factor = 0.15]. However, there was a reduction in reported number of cigarettes smoked/day (mean difference −6, 95% CIs −7 to −5, P < 0.001) and in CO concentrations (mean difference −3.0 parts per million, 95% CIs −4.2 to −1.9, P < 0.001). These changes were not significantly different from changes in the placebo group except for cigarette consumption, which reduced more in the nicotine group (P = 0.046). Conclusions In women trying to stop smoking with the aid of a nicotine patch but having smoked at 2 weeks post‐target quit, their nicotine concentration did not change from baseline, but they reported smoking fewer cigarettes and had lower carbon monoxide concentrations.
Distributed Learning Strategies for Interference Mitigation in Femtocell Networks

In this paper, the \emph{strategic} coexistence between macro and femtocell tiers is studied using tools from evolutionary game theory and reinforcement learning. In the first case, femto base stations (FBSs) exchange information through a central controller, and adapt their strategies based on their instantaneous payoffs and average payoffs of the femtocell population. A fictitious play formulation is also examined where FBSs maximize their payoffs given the empirical frequency of other femtocells' actions. In the second case, when information exchange among femtocells is no longer possible, each femtocell gradually learns by interacting with its local environment through trials-and-errors, and adapt its strategies. Variant of the evolutionary game approach (referred to as replication by imitation) is also investigated where femtocells probabilistically review their strategies and imitate other femtocells in the network. Finally, the overall performance of the network in terms of spectral efficiency and convergence is shown to be adamantly driven by the type of information available at femtocells.
A Highly Stretchable, Tough, Fast Self-Healing Hydrogel Based on Peptide–Metal Ion Coordination

Metal coordination bonds are widely used as the dynamic cross-linkers to construct self-healing hydrogels. However, it remains challenging to independently improve the toughness of metal coordinated hydrogels without affecting the stretchability and self-healing properties, as all these features are directly correlated with the dynamic properties of the same metal coordination bonds. In this work, using histidine–Zn2+ binding as an example, we show that the coordination number (the number of binding sites in each cross-linking ligand) is an important parameter for the mechanical strength of the hydrogels. By increasing the coordination number of the binding site, the mechanical strength of the hydrogels can be greatly improved without sacrificing the stretchability and self-healing properties. By adjusting the peptide and Zn2+ concentrations, the hydrogels can achieve a set of demanding mechanical features, including the Young’s modulus of 7–123 kPa, fracture strain of 434–781%, toughness of 630–1350 kJ m−3, and self-healing time of ~1 h. We anticipate the engineered hydrogels can find broad applications in a variety of biomedical fields. Moreover, the concept of improving the mechanical strength of metal coordinated hydrogels by tuning the coordination number may inspire the design of other dynamically cross-linked hydrogels with further improved mechanical performance.
Do depressive symptoms on hospital admission impact early functional outcome in elderly patients with hip fracture?

Depression is the most common mood disorder in elderly people and one of the most prevalent comorbidities in older people with hip fracture. While several authors have confirmed that depressive symptoms assessed at a later stage after hip fracture impact functional outcome and mortality, the role of depressive symptoms identified at an earlier stage after hip fracture remains understudied. The aim of the present study was to determine if depressive symptoms assessed on hospital admission impact early functional outcome after hip fracture surgery.
Dual-targeting strategy using trastuzumab and lapatinib in a patient with HER2 gene amplification in recurrent metachronous metastatic gallbladder carcinoma

Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare and highly aggressive tumor. Early diagnosis is challenging, which results in a poor prognosis using systemic therapy. Recent studies have identified a subset of GBC patients with HER2 gene (ERBB2) amplification that could benefit from HER2-targeted therapy. Here, we report one patient with recurrent metachronous GBC with metastasis, who received the combination of trastuzumab and lapatinib. This approach achieved a partial response for both the brain and the lung metastases. This study demonstrated that HER2 inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for GBC with HER2 amplification and, combined with lapatinib, it can effectively target brain metastasis.
MERMAID: dedicated web server to prepare and run coarse-grained membrane protein dynamics

Abstract Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of membrane proteins have been shown to be extremely useful for characterizing the molecular features underlying their function, but require high computational power, limiting the understanding of complex events in membrane proteins, e.g. ion channels gating, GPCRs activation. To overcome this issue, it has been shown that coarse-grained approaches, although requiring less computational power, are still capable of correctly describing molecular events underlying big conformational changes in biological systems. Here, we present the Martini coarse-grained membrane protein dynamics (MERMAID), a publicly available web interface that allows the user to prepare and run coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations and to analyse the trajectories.
The Progress in Electron Microscopy Studies of Particulate Matters to Be Used as a Standard Monitoring Method for Air Dust Pollution

The present article reviews studies on air solid particles carried out with the use of electron microscopy. Particle analysis combining scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) can be used to derive size-resolved information of the composition, mixing state, morphology, and complex refractive index of atmospheric aerosol particles. It seems that electron microscopy is more widely used in atmospheric particulate matter analysis, but the usage of this method is sometimes problematic. First of all, there is no standard methodology adapted for dust analysis, and it is difficult to compare the results coming from different laboratories. Nevertheless, it was shown that this method has potential to be used in the future as a standard monitoring procedure of air solid particles.
Efficacy of galcanezumab in patients with chronic migraine and a history of preventive treatment failure

Background Efficacy of galcanezumab in chronic migraine has been demonstrated in a pivotal Phase 3 study. Here, we assess efficacy in patients who have failed ≥2 and ≥1 prior migraine preventives for efficacy and/or safety reasons, and in those who never failed. Study design/methods REGAIN (NCT02614261) was a Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with chronic migraine. Patients were randomized 2:1:1 to receive placebo, galcanezumab 120 mg/240 mg once monthly during a double-blind treatment period lasting three months. Subgroup analyses were conducted among patients who failed ≥2 and ≥1 prior preventives and who never failed previously. Outcomes assessed were change from baseline in number of monthly migraine headache days, proportion of patients with ≥50% and ≥75% response (reduction in monthly migraine headache days), change in number of monthly migraine headache days with acute medication use and change in patient functioning per Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire Role Function Restrictive (MSQ RF-R) domain score. Results Treatment with galcanezumab versus placebo resulted in significant improvements (p < 0.01) in overall reduction (Months 1–3) from baseline in the number of monthly migraine headache days in patients with prior failures (LS mean change [SE]: ≥2 prior failures: galcanezumab 120 mg: −5.35 (0.71); galcanezumab 240 mg: −2.77 (0.66); placebo: −1.01 (0.54); ≥1 prior failures: galcanezumab 120 mg: −5.53 (0.60), galcanezumab 240 mg: −3.53 (0.59); placebo: −2.02 (0.49). Similarly, significant results were seen with galcanezumab versus placebo for ≥50% and ≥75% response rates, reductions in acute medication use and improvements in MSQ RF-R domain score. In the subgroup with no prior preventive failures, results were statistically significant for the 240 mg galcanezumab group versus placebo on all outcome measures, and for the 120 mg group on the reduction in migraine headache days with acute medication use. There was also a higher placebo response observed in the patients with no prior preventive failures. Conclusion Galcanezumab is consistently efficacious versus placebo in reducing monthly migraine headache days and several other key outcomes in patients with chronic migraine who have failed ≥2 or ≥1 preventives previously. In the subgroup with no prior failures, greater numerical differences were seen with galcanezumab, but statistical separation from placebo varied by dose and outcome. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier number NCT02614261.
Right-Sided Location Not Associated with Missed Colorectal Adenomas in an Individual-Level Reanalysis of Tandem Colonoscopy Studies.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Interval cancers occur more frequently in the right colon. One reason could be that right-sided adenomas are frequently missed in colonoscopy examinations. We reanalyzed data from tandem colonoscopies to assess adenoma miss rates in relation to location and other factors. METHODS We pooled data from 8 randomized tandem trials, comprising 2218 patients who underwent diagnostic or screening colonoscopies (adenomas detected in 49.8% of subjects). We performed a mixed effects logistic regression with patients as cluster effects with different independent parameters. Factors analyzed included location (left vs right, splenic flexure as cut-off), adenoma size, form, and histologic features. Analyses were controlled for potential confounding factors such as patient sex and age, colonoscopy indication, and bowel cleanliness. RESULTS Right-side location was not an independent risk factor for missed adenomas (odds ratio [OR] compared with the left side, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.75-1.17). However, compared with adenomas ≤5 mm, the OR for missing adenomas 6-9 mm was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.44-0.87) and the OR for missing adenomas ≥10 mm was 0.51 (95% CI, 0.33-0.77). Compared with pedunculated adenomas, sessile (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.16-2.85) and flat adenomas (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.49-4.10) were more likely to be missed. Histologic features were not significant risk factors for missed adenomas (OR for adenomas with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.34-1.37 and OR for sessile serrated adenomas, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.47-1.64 compared with low-grade adenomas). Men had a higher number of adenomas per colonoscopy (1.27; 95% CI, 1.21-1.33) than women (0.86; 95% CI, 0.80-0.93). Men were less likely to have missed adenomas than women (OR for missed adenomas in men, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.94). CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of data from 8 randomized trials, we found that right-side location of an adenoma does not increase its odds for being missed during colonoscopy, but adenoma size and histologic features do increase risk. Further studies are needed to determine why adenomas are more frequently missed during colonoscopies in women than men.
Sinuolinea capsularis (Myxosporea: Sinuolineidae) Isolated from Urinary Bladder of Cultured Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Sinuolinea capsularis Davis, 1917 is myxosporean that infect the urinary system of the host fish. Insufficient morphological and molecular data of S. capsularis exits, and it is therefore difficult to make an accurate identification of the parasite. We tried a series of morphological and molecular analysis to identify an myxosporean isolated from urinary bladder of cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, from Jeju island in the Republic of Korea. Some of them were observed under a light microscope and SEM, and remain samples were used molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Mature spores were subspherical, measuring 13.9±0.6 μm in length and 13.8±0.8 μm in width. Two spherical polar capsules on opposite sides in the middle of the spore had a diameter range of 4.3±0.4 μm. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that spores a severely twisted the suture line. By the morphological comparison and analysis, it was identified as S. capsularis. In addition, we obtained the partial 18S rDNA of S. capsularis and first registered it in NCBI. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. capsularis clustered with Zschokkella subclade infecting the urinary system of marine fish, and it supported the infection site tropism effect on phylogeny of marine myxosporeans as well as the origin of Sinuolinea is not monophyly.
Biocultural analysis of sex differences in mortality profiles and stress levels in the late medieval population from Nova Raca, Croatia.

Human skeletal remains of 104 individuals from the late medieval (14th-18th century) Nova Raca cemetery, in continental Croatia, are described. Historic data from the parish Book of the Dead, relevant to a period in the early 19th century, suggest that females may have been under greater stress than males. To test this hypothesis, the skeletal material is analyzed for the presence and distribution of enamel hypoplasias and cribra orbitalia. Observations are also made on the presence and pattern of dental disease, skeletal infection, trauma, osteoarthritis, vertebral degenerative changes, and Schmorl's depression frequencies. The mortuary sample, consisting of 36 subadults and 68 adults, exhibits underrepresentation of subadults, and differential adult male/female mortality profiles. Peak female mortality is between 21-25 years, compared to peak male mortality between 31-35 years. Average adult female age at death is 29.9 years, compared to 34.1 years in adult males. Significant sex differences are present in the frequencies of enamel hypoplasia. Adult females have higher frequencies of hypoplastic teeth, and a larger number of defects in the teeth affected than in males. Subadults in the series also exhibit higher frequencies of hypoplastic teeth, and a larger number of defects in the teeth affected than in adults, documenting a relationship between enamel hypoplasia-causing stress events and reduced life expectancy. Significant sex differences are also present in dental pathology frequencies, possibly reflecting differences in resource access. Sex differences in vertebral osteoarthritis and Schmorl's depression frequencies may reflect differential activity patterns.
Mining time-dependent attractive areas and movement patterns from taxi trajectory data

Mining attractive areas that people interested in and their related movement patterns can lead to instructive insight to transport management, urban planning and location-based services (LBS). The number of visiting that it attracts is used in this paper to measure an area's level of attractiveness (LoA). As one of the most widely used mode of transport, taxi can tell a lot of stories about not only road network traffic condition, but also areas people interested in crossing a day and their related travel patterns, such as travel destination and average travel distance. Conventional taxi trajectory analysis, or more generally, probe vehicle and floating car trajectory analysis, more focuses on road network travel time and average speed estimation. This study from another angle, uses taxi trajectory data to discover attractive areas that people often visit, for instance, hot shopping and leisure places or living and working areas based on their LoA which hereby is represented as the frequency and density of passenger pick-up and drop-off points, because each point represents a certain scope where attractiveness generates. To obtain meaningful patterns, clustering approach is used to group spatiotemporally similar pick-up and drop-off points, because people's interests to these areas varies through time of the day, day of the week, even season of the year. Moreover, a time-dependent travel flow interaction matrix is established, which is a variation of O-D (Origin-Destination) matrix used in transport domain, and can be used to better understand movement patterns by quantizing the attractiveness among clusters. Background geographic information is used to facilitate the understanding of the movement. This study represents a novel application of taxi trajectory data, reveals people's travel demand and movement patterns in a more deep sense to serve transport management, urban planning, as well as spatiotemporal-tailored location search and services.
A Competing Voices Test for Hearing-Impaired Listeners Applied to Spatial Separation and Ideal Time-Frequency Masks

People with hearing impairment find competing voices scenarios to be challenging, both with respect to switching attention from one talker to the other, as well as maintaining attention. With the Danish competing voices test (CVT) presented here, the dual-attention skills can be assessed. The CVT provides sentences spoken by three male and three female talkers, played in sentence pairs. The task of the listener is to repeat the target sentence from the sentence pair based on cueing either before or after playback. One potential way of assisting segregation of two talkers is to take advantage of spatial unmasking by presenting one talker per ear after application of time-frequency masks for separating the mixture. Using the CVT, this study evaluated four spatial conditions in 14 moderate-to-severely hearing-impaired listeners to establish benchmark results for this type of algorithm applied to hearing-impaired listeners. The four spatial conditions were as follows: summed (diotic), separate, the ideal ratio mask, and the ideal binary mask. The results show that the test is sensitive to the change in spatial condition. The temporal position of the cue has a large impact, as cueing the target talker before playback focuses the attention toward the target, whereas cueing after playback requires equal attention to the two talkers, which is more difficult. Furthermore, both applied ideal masks show test scores very close to the ideal separate spatial condition, suggesting that this technique is useful for future separation algorithms using estimated rather than ideal masks.
Direct Acting Antivirals Improve HCV Treatment Initiation and Adherence Among Underserved African Americans

Introduction and aim. Adherence to hepatitis C (HCV) care was suboptimal in the interferon era among underserved African Americans (AA), but adherence data in the era of direct acting antivirals (DAA) is lacking in this population. We aimed to evaluate the impact of DAA on HCV care in underserved AA. Material and methods. Clinical records of AAs undergoing HCV evaluation attending a safety net health system liver clinic were reviewed from 2006 to 2011 (pre-DAA), and January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016 (post-DAA). Results. 291 patients were identified (129 pre-DAA, and 162 post-DAA). Median age was 58, 66% were male, 91% had HCV genotype 1, and 70% had fibrosis ≥ stage 2. Post-DAA patients were older (60 vs. 53 years; p < 0.001), had higher rates of insurance (98% vs. 88%; p < 0.001), liver fibrosis ≥ stage 2 (77% vs. 61%; p = 0.048), ≥ 2 medical comorbidities (19 vs. 0.8%; p < 0.001), and median baseline log10 HCV RNA (6.07 vs. 5.81 IU/mL; p < 0.001), but lower median ALT (46 vs. 62 U/L; p < 0.001). Post-DAA, fewer patients were treatment ineligible (5.6% vs. 39%; p < 0.001) and more initiated therapy (71% vs. 8.5%; < 0.001), were adherent to HCV care (82% vs. 38%; p < 0.001), and achieved cure (95.7% vs. 63.6%, p < 0.001). Availability of DAA was independently associated with improved adherence to HCV care (OR 10.3, 95% CI 4.84–22.0). Conclusion. Availability of DAA is associated with increased treatment eligibility, initiation, adherence to HCV care, and cure in HCV-infected underserved AAs; highlighting the critical role of access to DAA in this population.