Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hardware invariant protocol disruptive interference for 100BaseTX Ethernet communications

In this paper, we introduce a new concept that we refer to as hardware invariant protocol disruptive interference (HIPDI). Such interference would pose a severe threat as intentional EMI to the corresponding protocol for which it was designed. In this paper, we consider only the 100BaseTX Ethernet protocol over UTP CAT-5 cable which is used extensively in local-area networks. We show that low power, narrowband, differential-mode voltage levels on a 100BaseTX Ethernet twisted-pair can seriously degrade network throughput independent of the physical features of the network or the protocol interpreter hardware. Moreover, we show that the required parameters of disruptive interference can be derived from the protocol itself using a concept we call hardware aperture. The experimental results reported herein indicate that creating such interference is practically feasible and therefore, is a possible threat to existing communication networks.
PLC-γ and PI3K Link Cytokines to ERK Activation in Hematopoietic Cells with Normal and Oncogenic Kras

Targeting signaling pathways upstream of oncogenic Ras may have therapeutic benefit in the treatment of leukemia. Target Upstream of Oncogenic Ras Members of the K-Ras family of small guanosine triphosphatases mediate signaling by cytokine and growth factor receptors to activate extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK), leading to cellular proliferation. Mutant K-Ras molecules, for example, K-RasG12D, accumulate in the active form and are associated with certain leukemias. Through flow cytometric analysis of phosphorylated proteins in mouse bone marrow cells, Diaz-Flores et al. showed that ERK activation downstream of K-RasG12D required cytokine receptor–dependent activation of phospholipase C–γ (PLC-γ) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. Treatment of mice with a clinically available PI3K inhibitor reduced ERK activation in cells expressing K-RasG12D, suggesting that molecules upstream of oncogenic Ras may provide therapeutic targets against some cancers. Oncogenic K-Ras proteins, such as K-RasG12D, accumulate in the active, guanosine triphosphate (GTP)–bound conformation and stimulate signaling through effector kinases. The presence of the K-RasG12D oncoprotein at a similar abundance to that of endogenous wild-type K-Ras results in only minimal phosphorylation and activation of the canonical Raf–mitogen-activated or extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase kinase (MEK)–extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt–mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascades in primary hematopoietic cells, and these pathways remain dependent on growth factors for efficient activation. We showed that phospholipase C–γ (PLC-γ), PI3K, and their generated second messengers link activated cytokine receptors to Ras and ERK signaling in differentiated bone marrow cells and in a cell population enriched for leukemia stem cells. Cells expressing endogenous oncogenic K-RasG12D remained dependent on the second messenger diacylglycerol for the efficient activation of Ras-ERK signaling. These data raise the unexpected possibility of therapeutically targeting proteins that function upstream of oncogenic Ras in cancer.
Noise radar technology: Pseudorandom waveforms and their information rate

The well-known LPI (Low Probability of Intercept) and antispoofing capabilities of some radar waveforms as well some other desirable feature such as a low sidelobes level of their autocorrelation function can be enhanced by “tailored” pseudo-random sequences, whose phase is made up by a deterministic part plus a variable random term. With such an approach it is possible to design a virtually unlimited number of noisy waveforms with good auto-correlation properties (PSLR, i.e. Peak to Side Lobe Ratio) and, for MIMO applications, good orthogonality between them. In this paper the LPI characteristic are analyzed by evaluation of the variation of their information rate with their “randomness” varying. It results that an ad-hoc tradeoff between the different requirements (LPI, PSLR) is required in most cases.
Tuned longitudinal surface plasmon resonance and third-order nonlinear optical properties of gold nanorods

In order to elucidate the relationship for third-order nonlinear optical properties of anisotropic metal nanoparticles between the incident laser wavelength and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) wavelength, gold nanorods (GNRs) with a tuned longitudinal SPR mode in frequency were prepared by seed-mediated methods with two different surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and benzyldimethylammonium chloride (BDAC). The real and imaginary parts of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities χ(3) were examined by near-infrared (800 nm) femtosecond Z-scan and I-scan techniques for various gold sols with SPR wavelengths of 530 nm (spheres), 800 nm (nanorods) and 1000 nm (nanorods), named as 530GNSs, 800GNRs and 1000GNRs, respectively. All the samples showed intrinsically third-order nonlinear optical refractive responses. However, as for the real part of χ(3) for one particle, 800GNRs whose plasmon peak was tuned to the incident laser wavelength exhibited a Reχ(3) value 45 times stronger than 530GNSs. More interestingly, the imaginary part of χ(3) was more greatly influenced at the tuned SPR wavelength. Here we first demonstrate that 800GNRs showed plasmon-enhanced saturable absorption (SA) due to a longitudinal SPR tuned to the incident laser wavelength.
Modelling patterns of pollinator species richness and diversity using satellite image texture

Assessing species richness and diversity on the basis of standardised field sampling effort represents a cost- and time-consuming method. Satellite remote sensing (RS) can help overcome these limitations because it facilitates the collection of larger amounts of spatial data using cost-effective techniques. RS information is hence increasingly analysed to model biodiversity across space and time. Here, we focus on image texture measures as a proxy for spatial habitat heterogeneity, which has been recognized as an important determinant of species distributions and diversity. Using bee monitoring data of four years (2010–2013) from six 4 × 4 km field sites across Central Germany and a multimodel inference approach we test the ability of texture features derived from Landsat-TM imagery to model local pollinator biodiversity. Textures were shown to reflect patterns of bee diversity and species richness to some extent, with the first-order entropy texture and terrain roughness being the most relevant indicators. However, the texture measurements accounted for only 3–5% of up to 60% of the variability that was explained by our final models, although the results are largely consistent across different species groups (bumble bees, solitary bees). While our findings provide indications in support of the applicability of satellite imagery textures for modeling patterns of bee biodiversity, they are inconsistent with the high predictive power of texture metrics reported in previous studies for avian biodiversity. We assume that our texture data captured mainly heterogeneity resulting from landscape configuration, which might be functionally less important for wild bees than compositional diversity of plant communities. Our study also highlights the substantial variability among taxa in the applicability of texture metrics for modelling biodiversity.
Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor Signaling in Satellite Cells Potentiates Skeletal Muscle Regeneration*

Background: Angiotensin II induces skeletal muscle atrophy, but the function of other renin-angiotensin system components in skeletal muscle physiology is understood poorly. Results: Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) blockade inhibits skeletal muscle regeneration and myoblast differentiation. Conclusion: AT2R positively regulates skeletal muscle regeneration. Significance: Stimulation of AT2R signaling may be beneficial in muscle wasting conditions. Patients with advanced congestive heart failure (CHF) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) often have increased angiotensin II (Ang II) levels and cachexia. Ang II infusion in rodents causes sustained skeletal muscle wasting and decreases muscle regenerative potential through Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-mediated signaling, likely contributing to the development of cachexia in CHF and CKD. However, the potential role of Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2R) signaling in skeletal muscle physiology is unknown. We found that AT2R expression was increased robustly in regenerating skeletal muscle after cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle injury in vivo and differentiating myoblasts in vitro, suggesting that the increase in AT2R played an important role in regulating myoblast differentiation and muscle regeneration. To determine the potential role of AT2R in muscle regeneration, we infused C57BL/6 mice with the AT2R antagonist PD123319 during CTX-induced muscle regeneration. PD123319 reduced the size of regenerating myofibers and expression of the myoblast differentiation markers myogenin and embryonic myosin heavy chain. On the other hand, AT2R agonist CGP42112 infusion potentiated CTX injury-induced myogenin and embryonic myosin heavy chain expression and increased the size of regenerating myofibers. In cultured myoblasts, AT2R knockdown by siRNA suppressed myoblast differentiation marker expression and myoblast differentiation via up-regulation of phospho-ERK1/2, and ERK inhibitor treatment completely blocked the effect of AT2R knockdown. These data indicate that AT2R signaling positively regulates myoblast differentiation and potentiates skeletal muscle regenerative potential, providing a new therapeutic target in wasting disorders such as CHF and CKD.
The application of bioisosteres in drug design for novel drug discovery: focusing on acid protease inhibitors

Introduction: A bioisostere is a powerful concept for medicinal chemistry. It allows the improvement of the stability; oral absorption; membrane permeability; and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of drug candidate, while retaining their biological properties. The term ‘bioisostere' is derived from ‘isostere', whose physical and chemical properties, such as steric size, hydrophobicity, and electronegativity, are similar to those of a functional or atomic group, and is considered to possess biological properties. Here, the authors highlight the recent applications of bioisosteres in drug design, mainly based on our drug discovery studies. Areas covered: This review discusses the application of bioisosteres for novel drug discovery with focus on the authors' drug discovery studies such as renin, HIV-protease, and β-secretase inhibitors. The authors highlight that some bioisosteres can form the scaffolding for drug candidates, namely substrate transition state, amide/ester, and carboxylic acid bioisosteres. Moreover, the authors propose the new terms ‘electron-donor bioisostere' and ‘conformational bioisostere' for drug discovery. Expert opinion: The authors discuss the importance of bioisostere's design concept based on specific interaction with the corresponding biomolecule. In addition, some strategies for drug discovery based on the bioisostere concept are introduced. Many bioisosteres, which are recognized by corresponding target biomolecules as exhibiting similar biological properties, have been reported to date; most of the recently developed bioisosteres were designed by cheminformatics approaches. Some molecular design softwares and databases are introduced.
Effects of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Post Harvest Qualities of Pink Tomatoes

An experiment retail plastic packaging system was used to compare the atmospheric composition within sealed packs containing tomato fruits. A range of plastic films with different permeability properties were tested to study the effects of these conditions on the changes in postharvest qualities of tomatoes harvested at the pink stage of maturity and stored at 13 o C for 60 days. The films used were 20 micron (PE20) and 50 micron (PE50) polyethylene, 10 micron polyvinylcholoride (PVC) or 25 micron polypropylene (PP) compared with unwrapped fruit as a control. Tomatoes were evaluated for changes in colour, firmness, weight, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, decay and sensory attributes. All unwrapped tomatoes were overripe and soft after 30 days. Sealed packaging, especially using with PE50 and PP films, delayed the development of the red colour of tomatoes until 30 days of storage and those tomatoes were also still very firm even after 60 days of storage. Tomatoes sealed within PE50 and PP films had also the lowest weight loss and the highest soluble solids after 60 days of storage.
Performance Analysis of An Adaptive Two-Stage Partial PIC Receiver

Partial parallel-interference-cancelation (PIC) is a well-known multiuser detection technique for DS/CDMA systems. Conventionally, partial-cancelation-factors (PCFs) are optimally derived and kept constant in a designated interval. Recently, a special kind of partial PIC was proposed. In the approach, PCFs are adaptively trained (chip-by-chip) using the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm, and PCFs are updated with a bit-by-bit fashion. It has been shown that the adaptive partial PIC detector outperforms conventional partial PIC. Despite its good performance, performance analysis of the approach has not been explored yet. This paper is aimed to fill the gap by conducting the performance analysis of an adaptive two-stage partial PIC detector. We first analyze optimal weights (i.e., PCFs), weight error means, and weight error variances. Based on these results, we derive the output mean-squared-error (MSE) and bit-error-rate (BER) for each user. Simulation results indicates that our analytical results highly agree with empirical ones.
On the Role of Fluctuations in the Modeling of Complex Systems

The study of models is ubiquitous in sciences like physics, chemistry, ecology, biology or sociology. Models are used to explain experimental facts or to make new predictions. For any system, one can distinguish several levels of description. In the simplest mean-field like description the dynamics is described in terms of spatially averaged quantities while in a microscopic approach local properties are taken into account and local fluctuations for the relevant variables are present. The properties predicted by these two different approaches may be drastically different. In a large body of research literature concerning complex systems this problem is often overlooked and simple mean-field like approximation are used without asking the question of the robustness of the corresponding predictions. The goal of this paper is twofold, first to illustrate the importance of the fluctuations in a self-contained and pedagogical way, by revisiting two different classes of problems where thorough investigations have been conducted (equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical physics). Second, we present our original research on the dynamics of population of annual plants which are competing among themselves for just one resource (water) through a stochastic dynamics. Depending on the observable considered, the mean-field like and microscopic approaches agree or totally disagree. There is not a general criterion allowing to decide a priori when the two approaches will agree.
Testing C-elements is not elementary

We examine stuck-at faults in several gate circuits realizing the C-element. We exhibit circuits with the following phenomena: (a) 50% of single faults do not cause the circuit to halt. (b) Some faults are not detectable by logic tests. (c) A test of length seven is required to detect all detectable single faults. (d) A fault may result in an oscillation. (e) A fault may destroy the speed-independence of a circuit. We also analyze static and dynamic CMOS implementations of the C-element.
Mapping of Focal Atrial Tachycardia With an Uninterpretable Activation Map After Extensive Atrial Ablation: Tricks and Tips

Background—Atrial tachycardias (ATs) after extensive ablation are increasingly common and challenging arrhythmias. The prolonged intra-atrial conduction time (IACT) during ATs in the milieu may complicate the mapping of focal ATs. In this present study, we aim to characterize the electrophysiological features of ATs in this unique setting and to delineate an effective mapping strategy further. Methods and Results—In total, 13 patients (average age, 59±7 years) in a cohort of 80 patients referred for AT ablation were selected for the study. The patients all demonstrated an undistinguishable map not ready to be interpreted the 3-dimensional mapping. A total of 13 ATs were mapped with mean tachycardia cycle length of 296±70 ms. Two activation patterns were identified, which were referred to as pseudo-macroreentry and chaotic activation. The former was a focal AT originating from the vicinity of an area of conduction block with the IACT less than the window of interest duration (4 cases; IACT/window of interest ratio range, 0.93–0.98). The latter refers to a focal AT exhibiting a disorderly color mapping display with IACT exceeding the window of interest duration (9 cases; IACT/window of interest ratio range, 1.02–1.29). The IACT was determined after resetting the annotation. All ATs were successfully eliminated at the originating site. Conclusions—We delineated a series of focal ATs in the setting of a significantly prolonged IACT encountered in patients after previous extensive ablation. Two activation patterns were identified, which may help facilitate the mapping of focal ATs in this setting.
Análisis competitivo de la actividad productiva de la malanga: un enfoque basado en la teoría de Michael Porter / Competitive analysis of the taro productive activity: an approach based on the Michael Porter´s theory

Esta investigacion tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un analisis competitivo de la actividad productiva de la malanga o Colocasia esculenta , a traves de la teoria de Michael Porter, para conocer su situacion estrategica y competitiva desde la perspectiva del agricultor mexicano debido a que en la revision literaria no se encontro ningun analisis similar en esta actividad productiva. La metodologia radico en un estudio cualitativo con alcance exploratorio. La manera como se diseno esta indagacion se resume en cuatro pasos metodologicos con un enfoque basado en la teoria de Porter. El primer paso consistio en la recoleccion de informacion proveniente de fuentes secundarias, especialmente de un proyecto de investigacion realizado en Veracruz, Tabasco y Oaxaca en 2016. Asimismo, se empleo informacion estadistica de diversas bases de datos (como SIAP, USDA y STATCAN), a la cual se le dio un tratamiento y clasificacion de acuerdo con las cinco fuerzas competitivas (segundo paso), diamante (tercer paso) y posicionamiento de Porter (cuarto paso). El analisis competitivo basado en la mencionada teoria fue desarrollado por un equipo multidisciplinario de investigadores para enriquecer y retroalimentar el estudio, de modo que se pudieran obtener resultados especificos de la actividad productiva. En las cinco fuerzas competitivas se encontro que la malanga mexicana se cultiva para ser exportada casi en su totalidad a Canada y a Estados Unidos, por lo que sus principales competidores son productores y exportadores de otros paises. La amenaza de nuevos participantes y el poder de los compradores son elevados, por lo que existe la posibilidad de que la malanga mexicana sea sustituida por la de otros paises, especialmente cuando la competencia se basa en precios bajos. Por esa razon, la rivalidad entre los competidores existentes es alta. Los determinantes del diamante de Porter muestran que existen oportunidades y retos tanto en el mercado nacional como en el extranjero, pero bajo condiciones de incertidumbre debido, principalmente, a que sera modificado el Tratado de Libre Comercio de America del Norte, lo cual afectaria al sector agricola en general. Para finalizar se senala un posicionamiento circunstancial no definido. Las conclusiones indican que esta actividad productiva tiene un potencial para contribuir a la economia y a la creacion de empleos. Actualmente, no se posee una estrategia generica establecida, pero involuntariamente esta actividad compite con precios bajos sin ninguna diferenciacion. La situacion competitiva se percibe vulnerable de acuerdo con el analisis realizado, por lo que es vital que se logre cooperacion, formalizacion y vinculacion entre los actores tanto de forma horizontal como de manera vertical, para lo cual se requiere la participacion del gobierno, las instituciones academicas y de investigacion, asi como otras organizaciones que se encuentran en la region para poder competir globalmente.
Virtualization Technology Based DNS Service Cluster

Classical policy DNS service can return different resource records depending on different IP range. It doesn't support the time range, the target domain and forwarder policy rules. DNS service cluster is built on a virtualization server platform (VSP), composed of Database Node, Controller Node, Listener Node, Service Node and Standby Node. Nodes network can handle complex set of policy, and implements multi-layer high-availability service. VSP provides redundant physical servers, meanwhile key nodes offer multi-machine service. Controller automatically monitors nodes and supports real-time failover. Experimental results show that the DNS Service Cluster has higher Successful Query Rate and reduces failover time compared to the Real Servers.
Research on Improvement of the Hybrid Location Estimation System Using 2 D Marker and Wi-Fi-How to Decide the Radio Strength of Virtual Base Station -

Various method are proposed for the indoor positioning, and many methods such as using the radio wave or using various sensors are well known. We proposed the highly accurate indoor positioning method for using two measurement techniques seamlessly; the measurement using wireless radio wave strength, and the measurement using two-dimension marker. In our method, two measurement techniques can be appropriately used seamlessly by considering a new concept called Virtual Base Station. However, proposed method has a problem about the parameter setup of radio field strength of the virtual base station. To tackle this problem, we adopt an approximation curve about the relation between distance from base station and radio filed strength by measuring radio field strength in a real environment. And, it was clarified that the positional estimation accuracy become rises by using the approximation curve for the virtual base station. Keywords—RSS Based Method; Camera Based Positioning; Location-Aware Service; Human Navigation System; System for Mobile Phones
Causality and intrinsic thermoacoustic instability modes

Direct numerical simulation of a confined laminar premixed flame has been performed in an anechoic combustor, showing self-sustained intrinsic thermoacoustic oscillations. Theoretical predictions based on acoustic jump relations and the n − τ model for the flame are presented and causality concerns are discussed. The instability’s frequency and mode structure are recovered numerically with very good accuracy. A detailed discussion on the interplay of the physical phenomena responsible for this dynamical coupling is also carried out.