Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three- and four-digit ICD-10 is not a reliable classification system in primary care

Objective. The International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) is a standard international diagnostic classification for medical diagnoses. Reliable diagnostic coding is of high medical and epidemiological importance. Coding diagnoses with ICD-10 is the basis of reimbursement in some healthcare systems. Design. The ICD-10 coding of each case was performed by two raters to investigate the inter-rater agreement. The degree of agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa. Kappa was divided into two groups: Kappa >/ = 0.61 meaning high or satisfactory and kappa </ = 0.6 (incl. </ = 0.000 and 0.000*) meaning low or unsatisfactory. Subjects. Cross-sectional data were collected from 8877 randomly selected patients. The 209 participating general practitioners used a standardized data collection form. The first of the reasons for encounter was taken into account on new and chronic managed problems. Results. Kappa values were satisfactory on the chapter level with on average 0.685 (chronic managed problems) and 0.675 (new managed problems). Kappa was unsatisfactory when the three-digit level was used (0.428) and lower for terminal codes (four-digit level) at 0.199 on average (chronic managed problems). For new managed problems the kappa values were at 0.384 (three-digit level) and 0.166 (four-digit level) on average. Conclusion. The ICD-10 is reliable for coding managed problems on the chapter level. Further refinement of ICD-10 with three- and four-digit codes leads to significant coding uncertainties. There is no reliable coding scheme that meets the demands of general practice. The use of coded data for healthcare reimbursement requires a simplification of ICD-10 to provide a realistic picture of morbidity.
A type of voting diffusion model and its application in defect detection in aluminum castings

We make use of a type of voting diffusion model for casting image processing. This model is based on an anisotropic diffusion equation driven by a diffusion tensor, whose structure depends on the coupled time-delay regularization of a matrix. The diffusion tensor determines the directions of the diffusion as well as the speed in these directions. Experimental results show that this model is superior to the PM model and other methods based on classical edge detection in processing the casting images without affecting its interesting features. Namely, it has better preservation of the flaws.
Innovation Cycle for Small‐ and Large‐scale Change

In today's complex healthcare systems, transformation requires 2 major efforts: (1) a fundamental changes in the underlying beliefs and assumptions that perpetuate the current system and (2) a fundamental redesign of the multiplicity of diverse and complex subsystems that result in unpredictable aggregate behavior and outcomes. Through an Intelligent Complex Adaptive System framework combined with an innovation process a transformation process and cycle was created for a large healthcare system that resulted in both small- and large-scale changes. This process not only challenges the underlying beliefs and assumptions but also creates new possibilities and prototypes for care delivery through a change-management process that is inclusive and honors the contributions of the entire team.
The tumour antigens RAGE‐1 and MGEA6 are expressed more frequently in the less lineage restricted subgroups of presentation acute myeloid leukaemia

We have analysed the frequency of present calls for RAGE-1 and MGEA6 in patients based on FAB subclass. MGEA6 and RAGE-1 present calls were significantly higher in the M0/M1/M2 versus the M3/M4/M5/M6/M7 groups for both RAGE-1 (p<0.0001) and MGEA6 (p<0.0001). However dividing patients into three WHO subgroups as follows (i) ‘recurrent’ representing acute myeloid leukaemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities, (ii) ‘AML’ representing acute myeloid leukaemia, minimally differentiated; acute myeloid leukaemia without maturation; acute myeloid leukaemia with maturation broadly representing FAB M0, M1 and M2 and (iii) ‘lineage’ representing acute myelomonocytic leukaemia; acute monoblastic leukaemia; acute erythroid leukaemia (erythroid/myeloid and pure erythroid leukaemia); acute megakaryoblasic leukaemia and acute basophilic leukaemia broadly representing FAB M4 – M7 indicated that a significant number of patients in the AML group had MGEA6 present calls compared with patients in the lineage and recurrent groups (p=0.0185). However RAGE-1 expression did not segregate based on WHO this grouping. We examined whether in our patients population the M0/1/2 FAB subgroups were associated with a poorer survival rate than M3/4/5/6/7 and this was not found to be the case (p=0.27). RAGE-1 and MGEA6 present calls were also not found to be associated with poorer survival (p=0.891 and 0.956, respectively). RAGE-1 present calls did not to segregate with any single cytogenetic risk group (good, standard or poor). However using Chi2 pairwise comparisons the frequency of MGEA6 present calls in good versus poor, good versus standard and standard versus poor cytogenetic risk groups were all highly significant (each p<0.0001). This is the first study to suggest a differential expression of a CT antigen based on FAB or WHO subgroup or cytogenetic risk group. In addition, MGEA6 and RAGE-1 may provide suitable targets for the immunotherapy of AML particularly for patients in the M0, M1 and M2 subgroups
Protective effects of Acanthopanax Radix extract against endotoxemia induced by lipopolysaccharide

Endotoxemia causes an enhanced production of reactive oxygen radicals, which contribute to multiple organ dysfunction. When rats were given intravenous lipopolysaccharide and tested 6 h later we found that the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) in kidney, were acutely suppressed while in serum the levels of nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxidation, urea nitrogen and creatinine were signiﬁcantly increased, indicating the excessive production of reactive oxygen radicals and the presence of renal injury. Pretreatment of rats with Acanthopanax Radix extract administered orally for 30 days reduced the NO and lipid peroxidation levels, increased the activities of catalase and GSH‐Px, and attenuated the renal dysfunction. These results suggested that scavenging of reactive oxygen radicals is part of the mechanism by which Acanthopanax Radix extract works as an effective agent in preventing multiple organ dysfunction. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continental Airlines Flies High with Real-Time Business Intelligence

Real-time business intelligence (BI) is taking Continental Airlines to new heights. Powered by a real-time data warehouse, the company has dramatically changed all aspects of its business. Continental’s president and COO, Larry Kellner, describes the impact of real-time BI in the following way: “Real-time BI is critical to the accomplishment of our business strategy and has created significant business benefits. " In fact, Continental has realized more than $500 million in cost savings and revenue generation over the past six years from its BI initiatives, producing an ROI of more than 1,000 percent.
Estimating recharge thresholds in tropical karst island aquifers : Barbados , Puerto Rico and Guam

The hydrology and geochemistry of groundwater in tropical island aquifers, such as Barbados, Guam and Puerto Rico, are significantly influenced by tropical climatic conditions. Recharge to these aquifers is the product of regional and local climate patterns that control rainfall. Oxygen isotopes can be used to estimate the amount and timing of recharge on these islands because seasonal fluctuations of rainwater oxygen isotopic compositions are related to the amount of rainfall. The karst aquifers on Barbados, Guam and Puerto Rico have similar rainwater and groundwater oxygen isotopic compositions. Comparison of groundwater and rainwater oxygen isotopic compositions in the three aquifers indicates that: (1) recharge occurs by rapid infiltration with little evaporation prior to recharge; and (2) recharge is associated with similar monthly rainfall thresholds of 190–200 mm. These rainfall thresholds are remarkably similar for three aquifers in different geographic locations. Differences between the spatial variations of groundwater oxygen isotopic compositions on Barbados and Puerto Rico can be attributed to the more complex groundwater flow system on Puerto Rico. The surprising similarities of hydrologic conditions under which recharge will take place can be attributed to similarities in climate and geologic conditions, such as soils and limestone bedrock, that exist on the three islands. We therefore speculate that similar recharge-rainfall thresholds may be observed in other tropical karst aquifers. q 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Relationship between blood lead concentrations and learning achievement among primary school children in Taiwan.

Over the past 20 years lead has been proven to exert an influence on the intelligence of children. Especially for children exposed to environmental lead, average blood lead was often lower than the officially recognized intoxication level. Because Kaohsiung is an industrial area in Taiwan and lead exposure is an important environmental issue, we attempted to ascertain the extent to which environmental lead influences the achievement of primary school children. We randomly selected 934 children from 32 primary schools in 11 districts of Kaohsiung City. Blood lead levels of the children were checked, and they were administered a questionnaire about their family information. Scores of several courses were used in this study on the relationship between a child's blood lead and his or her academic performance (Ranking with his or her classmates), including Chinese (reading and writing short Chinese articles), Mathematics, History and Society, and Natural Science. Multiple regression models were done with adjustments for the confounding effects of their parents' socioeconomic levels. The mean (SD) of 934 blood lead level was 5.50 (1.86) microg/dL. Spearman's coefficient showed that class rankings in Chinese, Mathematics, Natural Science, and History and Society were all strongly associated with blood lead levels (P<0.01). The multiple regression models revealed that blood lead level exerts a stronger influence on children's language ability (Chinese) than on their ability to calculate (Mathematics). Our results suggest that environmental lead exposure adversely affects a child's academic achievement, making a direct link between exposure to lead and academic attainment.
An efficient, reproducible and fast preparation of 188Re-anti-CD20 for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

BackgroundTherapies using 90Y-anti-CD20 or 131I-anti-CD20 have demonstrated their efficacy in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 188Re is a radionuclide useful for radioimmunotherapy. AimTo develop a procedure for efficient labelling of anti-CD20 with 188Re from lyophilized formulations to achieve high radiochemical yield, high specific activity and preservation of the molecular recognition after a simple kit reconstitution without further purification. Methods188Re-anti-CD20 was prepared by a direct labelling method using sodium tartrate as a weak competing ligand. Different lyophilized formulations were prepared to optimize tartrate and stannous chloride concentration, pH and reaction time. To evaluate the biological recognition a comparative study of the in-vitro binding of 188Re-anti-CD20, 125I-anti-CD20 (positive control) and 188Re-anti-CEA (negative control) to normal B lymphocytes was performed. Biodistribution studies in normal mice were accomplished to assess the in-vivo 188Re-anti-CD20 complex stability. Results188Re labelled anti-CD20 was obtained with high radiochemical purities (>97%) and high specific activity (0.5–0.7 GBq · mg−1) 1–1.5 h after addition of sodium perrhenate solution to a kit containing 4.4 μM anti-CD20, 4 mM anhydrous stannous chloride, and 140 mM dihydrate sodium tartrate at pH 4. The binding of 188Re-anti-CD20 to cells was in the same range as 125I-anti-CD20 (>80%) and was significantly different to cell binding of 188Re-anti-CEA (<10%). No evidence of free 188Re release was found at 2, 4 and 24 h after 188Re-anti-CD20 administration in mice. Lyophilized kits showed high stability during the storage at 4°C for 6 months. ConclusionsOptimal reaction conditions were defined enabling high radiochemical purities of 188Re-anti-CD20 to be obtained routinely and therefore potentially useful in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Nutritional variables and work-related accidents: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND Nutritional aspects are important for the prevention of diseases and disorders, and few studies have focused on the relationship between risk of work injury and nutritional variables. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to verify whether nutritional variables constitute risk factors for work-related accidents. PARTICIPANTS 1,422 industrial workers (600 cases plus 822 controls). METHODS A case-control study was carried out in an industrial city in south-east Brazil. A multiple logistic regression model was adjusted using work-related accidents as the response variable and nutritional variables as predictors. The associations were assessed by Odds Ratio (OR), with a p-value < 0.05. RESULTS 47.29% of the workers were overweight or obese. Protective factors for work-related accidents were (a) attending formal education for an above average number of years (OR=0.91, p< 0.0001) and (b) eating a traditional dinner (OR=0.67, p=0.0087). Risks factors were (a) hard physical effort in the workplace (OR=1.37, p< 0.0001), (b) having lunch in the workplace (OR=1.57, p<0.0001) and (c) receiving government benefits in the form of food stamps (OR=1.39, p=0.0350) or food baskets (OR=1.30, p=0.0414). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an association between nutritional variables and work-related accidents. This indicates the need, during the formulation of policies for these kinds of government benefits, to include nutrition aspects in order to minimize work-related accidents risks.
SUMMARY OF RESEARCH CONDUCTED TO DEVELOP A QUARANTINE TREATMENT FOR THE CODLING MOTH IN WALNUTS FOR EXPORT TO JAPAN

In 1980-1983 small-scale tests were conducted and background information was obtalned to determine the feasibility of developing a quarantine treatment with methyl bromide (MB) for the codling moth (Cydia pomonella La) infesting in-shall walnuts. Some of the studies conducted at this time included basic dose mortality responses of diapausing and nondiapausing larvae, residue determinations and concentrations for the proposed fumigation.
The presence of ascorbate induces expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells after peroxide insult, which is associated with increased survival

Oxidative stress and free radical production have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease, where low levels of the antioxidant vitamin C (ascorbate) have been shown to be associated with the disease. In this study, neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ascorbate in order to elucidate the mechanism(s) of protection against oxidative stress afforded by ascorbate. Protein oxidation, glutathione levels, cell viability and the effects on the proteome and its oxidized counterpart were monitored. SH‐SY5Y cells treated with ascorbate prior to co‐incubation with peroxide showed increased viability in comparison to cells treated with peroxide alone. This dual treatment also caused an increase in protein carbonyl content and a decrease in glutathione levels within the cells. Proteins, extracted from SH‐SY5Y cells that were treated with either ascorbate or peroxide alone or with ascorbate prior to peroxide, were separated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and analyzed for oxidation. Co‐incubation for 24 hours decreased the number of oxidised proteins (e.g. acyl CoA oxidase 3) and induced brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Enhanced expression of BDNF may contribute to the protective effects of ascorbate against oxidative stress in neuronal cells.
A Case for Deep Learning in Mining Software Repositories

Repository mining researchers have successfully applied machine learning in a variety of scenarios. However, the use of deep learning in repository mining tasks is still in its infancy. In this thesis, we describe the advantages and disadvantages of using deep learning in mining software repository research and demonstrate these by doing two case studies on pull requests. In the first, we train neural models to predict, on arrival, whether a pull request is going to be merged or not. In the second, we train neural models to answer the question: given two pull requests, are these similar? We show that using neural models, researchers are able to avoid feature engineering, because these models can be trained on raw data. Furthermore, neural models have the potential to outperform traditional supervised machine learning models, due to being able to learn relevant features by themselves. However, the power of neural models comes at a cost: optimizing the parameters of neural models and explaining neural models is difficult and training them is costly. We, therefore, recommend researchers to take into account well performing neural architectures in other domains, such as natural language processing, before creating novel architectures. Furthermore, it is therefore important to include a less costly baseline when using neural models in research, to show that the power and thereby the cost of neural models is justified.
Clustering Goal-Driven Security Factors for Protecting Data in Cloud Storage using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA): An Empirical Study

The purpose of this paper is to explore the important security factors for protecting data in cloud storage from the perspective of security practitioners. The study consist of 43 security variables (or indicator items) from a survey participated by security practitioners in Malaysia. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is conducted to understand the clusters of variables (or indicator items) and the inter-relationships constructing the security factors (or components). Most of the respondents are from public sector organisations (government and higher education organisations) in Malaysia. The clusters of variables resulting from this analysis can be used as a reference for security practitioners planning to produce security policies to protect data stored in a cloud storage. The top security factors identified from this study are shown in terms of policy implementation and controls in confidentiality, integrity, availability, non-repudiation, authenticity, reliability, accountability and auditability of data services in cloud storage.
Maintenance Decision Models for Java–Bali 150-kV Power Transmission Submarine Cable Using RAMS

The application of reliability, availability, maintainability, and security (RAMS) analysis is currently developing in many fields of an electrical power system. The focus of this paper is to demonstrate the applicability of RAMS to analyze maintenance planning on the 150-kV submarine cables of the Java-Bali power transmission system in Indonesia. In this maintenance decision model, four alternatives of a maintenance scheme are made based on maintenance interval and cable's mechanical protection. Monte Carlo simulation will be used to obtain a RAMS value of each alternative. The decision is made based on a cost-effectiveness parameter using a life cycle cost analysis.
Quantum communication for wireless wide-area networks

In this paper, a quantum routing mechanism is proposed to teleport a quantum state from one quantum device to another wirelessly even though these two devices do not share EPR pairs mutually. This results in the proposed quantum routing mechanism that can be used to construct the quantum wireless networks. In terms of time complexity, the proposed mechanism transports a quantum bit in time almost the same as the quantum teleportation does regardless of the number of hops between the source and destination. From this point of view, the quantum routing mechanism is close to optimal in data transmission time. In addition, in order to realize the wireless communication in the quantum domain, a hierarchical network architecture and its corresponding communication protocol are developed. Based on these network components, a scalable quantum wireless communication can be achieved.
A Skew-Symmetric Discontinuous Galerkin Spectral Element Discretization and Its Relation to SBP-SAT Finite Difference Methods

This paper shows that the discontinuous Galerkin collocation spectral element method with Gauss--Lobatto points (DGSEM-GL) satisfies the discrete summation-by-parts (SBP) property and can thus be classified as an SBP-SAT (simultaneous approximation term) scheme with a diagonal norm operator. In the same way, SBP-SAT finite difference schemes can be interpreted as discontinuous Galerkin-type methods with a corresponding weak formulation based on an inner-product formulation common in the finite element community. This relation allows the use of matrix-vector notation (common in the SBP-SAT finite difference community) to show discrete conservation for the split operator formulation of scalar nonlinear conservation laws for DGSEM-GL and diagonal norm SBP-SAT. Based on this result, a skew-symmetric energy stable discretely conservative DGSEM-GL formulation (applicable to general diagonal norm SBP-SAT schemes) for the nonlinear Burgers equation is constructed.
Primary Cutaneous Cryptococcosis in an Eight-year-old Immunocompetent Child: How to Treat?

Abstract Here we report on a case of primary cryptococcal skin infection in an immunocompetent 8-year-old boy. The infection first manifested itself as a subcutaneous abscess around the proximal joint of his right thumb after a minor injury from contact with a thorny shrub. After surgical incision and drainage was performed, Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans was the only pathogen cultured from the lesion. An agglutination test for the capsular antigen in serum displayed negative results and the immunological work-up revealed no underlying immunodeficiency. A “watch and wait” strategy — one without systemic antifungal treatment — was adopted and this resulted in uneventful healing. In summary, primary cryptococcal skin infections in immunocompetent hosts may be managed successfully by surgical treatment in combination with careful clinical follow-up. This approach may help avoid unnecessary antimicrobial treatments.
Seasonal Changes in Affective State Measured Prospectively and Retrospectively

Background The study was designed to investigate whether seasonal mood and behavioural changes are detectable prospectively in a non-clinical population in the way they have been reported in retrospective studies. The specificity of any seasonal fluctuation in affective state was also investigated by measuring anxiety as well as depression. Method To measure seasonal fluctuations in affect and behaviour prospectively, 25 women were interviewed every month for one year using four scales (depression, anxiety, stress, and behavioural change). Retrospective accounts of mood and behaviour at the end of the year were collected with the Seasonal Pattern and Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). Results Seasonal depression peaked in winter as did atypical behaviour when measured either prospectively or retrospectively, but the difference between winter and summer was much more pronounced in the retrospective data. No seasonal effect was found for anxiety or psychosocial stressors. Conclusions The results obtained by retrospective techniques have limited reliability. In future, more prospective studies with unbiased, standardised instruments are recommended to measure seasonal variations in affect and behaviour.