Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fetomaternal hemorrhage in the second trimester

Abstract Aims: To investigate fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) rate and quantity in the second trimester of pregnancies with fetal anomalies and to assess the impact of invasive prenatal and termination procedures. Methods: Blood samples from women before termination of pregnancy were collected and analyzed by dual-color flow cytometry. Various clinical parameters were studied for their association with FMH. Results: In total, 67 women were recruited; pre- and post-termination pairs were collected for 31 women. HbF cells were present in 91.0% of specimens, in 29.9% the transfused blood volume was ≥4.2 mL. FMH ≥30 mL was found in 3.0%, and chronic FMH, defined as FMH ≥40% of fetoplacental blood volume in 7.5%. At the limit of quantification (0.1%) none of the clinical parameters was associated with the presence of HbF cells, nor was there a difference in HbF cell concentrations between pre- and post-termination blood samples. Conclusions: Compared to normal term pregnancy, transfer of fetal red blood cells into the maternal circulation is increased in second-trimester pregnancies with fetal anomalies. FMH is not associated with invasive procedures or surgery performed in the context of termination. We hypothesize that the abnormal pregnancy itself, by means of an abnormal uteroplacental interface, is causing the increased transfer.
Three-Phase Helical Computed Tomographic Findings of Hepatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Pathologic Correlation With Revised WHO Classification

Objective To evaluate 3-phase helical computed tomographic (CT) findings of hepatic neuroendocrine tumors and to correlate them with pathologic diagnoses based on the revised World Health Organization classification. Methods Over a 14-year period, we collected 38 patients with pathologically proven neuroendocrine tumors of the liver, either primary or metastatic, who had 3-phase helical CT scans. CT findings were evaluated for the morphologic and enhancement patterns (ie, hepatocellular carcinomalike, cholangiocarcinomalike, and combined patterns), and correlated those with pathologic diagnoses. Results The morphologic patterns were variable regardless of the pathologic diagnoses, except necrosis (P = 0.024). For the enhancement pattern, almost half of the tumors showed hepatocellular carcinomalike pattern, and the other half showed cholangiocarcinomalike or combined patterns, without correlation between the enhancement pattern and pathologic diagnoses (P = 0.402). Conclusions The CT features of hepatic neuroendocrine tumors were variable and did not correlate with their pathologic diagnoses. However, hepatic neuroendocrine tumors frequently show hepatocellular carcinomalike arterial enhancement, and often show cholangiocarcinomalike delayed enhancement.
A novel prospective isolation of murine fetal liver progenitors to study in utero hematopoietic defects

In recent years, highly detailed characterization of adult bone marrow (BM) myeloid progenitors has been achieved and, as a result, the impact of somatic defects on different hematopoietic lineage fate decisions can be precisely determined. Fetal liver (FL) hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) are poorly characterized in comparison, potentially hindering the study of the impact of genetic alterations on midgestation hematopoiesis. Numerous disorders, for example infant acute leukemias, have in utero origins and their study would therefore benefit from the ability to isolate highly purified progenitor subsets. We previously demonstrated that a Runx1 distal promoter (P1)-GFP::proximal promoter (P2)-hCD4 dual-reporter mouse (Mus musculus) model can be used to identify adult BM progenitor subsets with distinct lineage preferences. In this study, we undertook the characterization of the expression of Runx1-P1-GFP and P2-hCD4 in FL. Expression of P2-hCD4 in the FL immunophenotypic Megakaryocyte-Erythroid Progenitor (MEP) and Common Myeloid Progenitor (CMP) compartments corresponded to increased granulocytic/monocytic/megakaryocytic and decreased erythroid specification. Moreover, Runx1-P2-hCD4 expression correlated with several endogenous cell surface markers’ expression, including CD31 and CD45, providing a new strategy for prospective identification of highly purified fetal myeloid progenitors in transgenic mouse models. We utilized this methodology to compare the impact of the deletion of either total RUNX1 or RUNX1C alone and to determine the fetal HPCs lineages most substantially affected. This new prospective identification of FL progenitors therefore raises the prospect of identifying the underlying gene networks responsible with greater precision than previously possible.
Tracing the Origins of the Pituitary Adenylate-Cyclase Activating Polypeptide (PACAP)

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a well-conserved neuropeptide characteristic of vertebrates. This pluripotent hypothalamic neuropeptide regulates neurotransmitter release, intestinal motility, metabolism, cell division/differentiation, and immunity. In vertebrates, PACAP has a specific receptor (PAC1) but it can also activate the Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide receptors (VPAC1 and VPAC2). The evolution of the vertebrate PACAP ligand – receptor pair has been well-described. In contrast, the situation in invertebrates is much less clear. The PACAP ligand – receptor pair in invertebrates has mainly been studied using heterologous antibodies raised against mammalian peptides. A few partial PACAP cDNA clones sharing >87% aa identity with vertebrate PACAP have been isolated from a cnidarian, several protostomes and tunicates but no gene has been reported. Moreover, current evolutionary models of the peptide and receptors using molecular data from phylogenetically distinct invertebrate species (mostly nematodes and arthropods) suggests the PACAP ligand and receptors are exclusive to vertebrate genomes. A basal deuterostome, the cephalochordate amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae), is the only invertebrate in which elements of a PACAP-like system exists but the peptides and receptor share relatively low sequence conservation with the vertebrate homolog system and are a hybrid with the vertebrate glucagon system. In this study, the evolution of the PACAP system is revisited taking advantage of the burgeoning sequence data (genome and transcriptomes) available for invertebrates to uncover clues about when it first appeared. The results suggest that elements of the PACAP system are absent from protozoans, non-bilaterians, and protostomes and they only emerged after the protostome-deuterostome divergence. PACAP and its receptors appeared in vertebrate genomes and they probably shared a common ancestral origin with the cephalochordate PACAP/GCG-like system which after the genome tetraploidization events that preceded the vertebrate radiation generated the PACAP ligand and receptor pair and also the other members of the Secretin family peptides and their receptors.
Single-stage utility-scale PV system with PSO based MPPT controller

In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for PV system is presented which is interrelated with other control schemes such as synchronization with grid and current control. All these schemes for utility-scale photovoltaic system are realized in a single-stage for the high efficiency and simple power converter topology. The MPP changes with variation in solar irradiation and temperature. The conventional methods like hill climbing (HC) and incremental conductance (INC) are less efficient in these conditions. The proposed method is suitable to all conditions with reduced steady state fluctuations. The overall system is simulated in PSCAD and the effectiveness of proposed method is tested on various conditions.
Magnetic resonance images of coarsening inside a foam.

Coarsening in three-dimensional polycrystalline systems such as foams, magnetic bubbles, metal crystals, and ceramics is poorly understood because of the absence of data describing the interior of these,materials. We introduce magnetic resonance imaging to probe the interior of a foam, providing information on topology and foam drainage. The foam does not appear to coarsen in a self-similar way during observation periods of up to 50 h, representing over a decade of growth in the mean length scale.
The cosmic history of the X–ray background

The Chandra and XMM–Newton X–ray observatories have detected obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN) and almost fully resolved the X–ray background into discrete sources. Ground–based observations of the X–ray sources enable the reconstruction of the history of supermassive black hole accretion from the earliest times to the present. A dramatic cosmic downsizing of AGN luminosities is seen at recent times. Correspondingly, the production rate of the AGN radiation drops rapidly, and the dominant period of supermassive black hole production is seen to be at redshifts near z = 1.
Tumor-Secreted LOXL2 Activates Fibroblasts through FAK Signaling

Cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance cancer progression when activated by tumor cells through mechanisms not yet fully understood. Blocking mammary tumor cell–derived lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) significantly inhibited mammary tumor cell invasion and metastasis in transgenic and orthotopic mouse models. Here, we discovered that tumor-derived LOXL2 directly activated stromal fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment. Genetic manipulation or antibody inhibition of LOXL2 in orthotopically grown mammary tumors reduced the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Using a marker for reticular fibroblasts, it was determined that expression of α-SMA was localized to fibroblasts recruited from the host tissue. This marker also revealed that the matrix present in tumors with reduced levels of LOXL2 was more scattered compared with control tumors which exhibited matrices with dense, parallel alignments. Importantly, in vitro assays revealed that tumor-derived LOXL2 and a recombinant LOXL2 protein induced fibroblast branching on collagen matrices, as well as increased fibroblast-mediated collagen contraction and invasion of fibroblasts through extracellular matrix. Moreover, LOXL2 induced the expression of α-SMA in fibroblasts grown on collagen matrices. Mechanistically, it was determined that LOXL2 activated fibroblasts through integrin-mediated focal adhesion kinase activation. These results indicate that inhibition of LOXL2 in tumors not only reduces tumor cell invasion but also attenuates the activation of host cells in the tumor microenvironment. Implications: These findings reveal new insight into the mechanisms of fibroblast activation, a novel function of LOXL2, and further highlight the importance of generating LOXL2-targeted therapies for the prevention of tumor progression and metastasis. Mol Cancer Res; 11(11); 1425–36. ©2013 AACR.
A Novel Friend Recommendation Algorithm Based on Intimacy and LDA Model

With the development of Internet, various social network service (SNS) platforms appeared, such as Facebook, twitter, Flickr, Sina microblog, and so on. Friend recommendation is the key issue for the SNS which can enhance the interactivity among SNS users.A novel recommendation algorithm is proposed in this paper, it applies time line to compute the interactions among target user and his/her recommended friends firstly, which predicts the intimacy trend and fits intimacy with interactive information at different time slots; then a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model is used to generate subjects and judge the subject similarities between target user and recommended friends, at last ,the two parts have been combined by an information entropy method which adjust the weight information dynastically during the friend recommendation process. Compared with collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm and LDA method, the experimental results proved that the proposed algorithm has got better performance. CCS Concepts • Human-centered computing~Social recommendation
Oxycodone combined with opioid receptor antagonists: efficacy and safety

Introduction: A mu receptor antagonist combined with oxycodone (OXY) may improve pain control, reduce physical tolerance and withdrawal, minimizing opioid-related bowel dysfunction and act as an abuse deterrent. Areas covered: The authors cover the use of OXY plus ultra-low-dose naltrexone for analgesia and the use of sustained-release OXY plus sustained-release naloxone to reduce the opioid bowel syndrome. The authors briefly describe the use of sustained-release OXY and naltrexone pellets as a drug abuse deterrent formulation. Combinations of ultra-low-dose naltrexone plus OXY have been in separate trials involved in patients with chronic pain from osteoarthritis and idiopathic low back pain. High attrition and marginal differences between ultra-low-dose naltrexone plus OXY and OXY led to discontinuation of development. Prolonged-release (PR) naloxone combined with PR OXY demonstrates a consistent reduction in opioid-related bowel dysfunction in multiple randomized controlled trials. However, gastrointestinal side effects, including diarrhea, were increased in several trials with the combination compared with PR OXY alone. Analgesia appeared to be maintained although non-inferiority to PR OXY is not formally established. There were flaws to trial design and safety monitoring. Naltrexone has been combined with OXY in individual pellets encased in a capsule. This combination has been reported in a Phase II trial and is presently undergoing Phase III studies. Expert opinion: Due to the lack of efficacy the combination of altered low-dose naltrexone with oxycodone should cease in development. The combination of sustained release oxycodone plus naloxone reduces constipation with a consistent benefit. Safety has been suboptimally evaluated which is a concern. Although the drug is commercially available in several countries, ongoing safety monitoring particularly high doses would be important.
Learning 3D-FilterMap for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

We present a novel and compact architecture for deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in this paper, termed $3$D-FilterMap Convolutional Neural Networks ($3$D-FM-CNNs). The convolution layer of $3$D-FM-CNN learns a compact representation of the filters, named $3$D-FilterMap, instead of a set of independent filters in the conventional convolution layer. The filters are extracted from the $3$D-FilterMap as overlapping $3$D submatrics with weight sharing among nearby filters, and these filters are convolved with the input to generate the output of the convolution layer for $3$D-FM-CNN. Due to the weight sharing scheme, the parameter size of the $3$D-FilterMap is much smaller than that of the filters to be learned in the conventional convolution layer when $3$D-FilterMap generates the same number of filters. Our work is fundamentally different from the network compression literature that reduces the size of a learned large network in the sense that a small network is directly learned from scratch. Experimental results demonstrate that $3$D-FM-CNN enjoys a small parameter space by learning compact $3$D-FilterMaps, while achieving performance compared to that of the baseline CNNs which learn the same number of filters as that generated by the corresponding $3$D-FilterMap.
Guidelines for the testing of chemicals for mutagenicity. Committee on Mutagenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment.

1. The general advice of the COM when considering the risk assessment of chemicals which are mutagenic in vivo has been that it is prudent to assume a non threshold dose response. Thus it is assumed that any exposure to an in vivo mutagen is associated with some damage to DNA and consequently an increased risk of mutation leading to an increased risk of adverse health effects albeit that this may be small. In such instances the Committee has recommended that exposures be reduced to a low as is reasonably practicable. The Committee has previously considered specific chemicals, on a case-by-case basis, with regard to deviations from its general approach to in vivo mutagens. (COM., 2001)
4,4′-(1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane-2,2-diyl)dibenzoic acid

In the title compound, C17H10F6O4, the two benzene rings are twisted with respect to each other, making a dihedral angle of 67.43 (12)°. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked by O—H⋯O and C—H⋯F hydrogen bonding, forming a wave-like layered supramolecular structure.
Identification of Genes Expressed During Toxoplasma gondii Infection by in Vivo-Induced Antigen Technology (IVIAT) with Positive Porcine Sera

Abstract: Infection of pigs with Toxoplasma gondii is a common source of human toxoplasmosis and causes serious economic losses. In vivo-induced antigen technology (IVIAT) is an effective immunological technique to identify the antigens that a pathogen specifically expressed during infection. To discover the genes that are important in T. gondii infection of pigs, we employed IVIAT using sera from infected pigs. Fourteen antigens were identified including microneme protein 11 (MIC11), dense granule protein 5 (GRA5), 18 kDa cyclophilin (C-18), serine proteinase inhibitor (PI), calmodulin (CaM), leucine-rich repeat protein ( LRRP), D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (D3PD), elongation factor 1-gamma (EF1), and 6 hypothetical proteins. The increased transcription levels of 5 (MIC11, GRA5, C-18, PI, and CaM) of the 14 molecules identified by IVIAT were confirmed by real-time PCR. The full length or partial proteins encoded by these 5 genes were expressed in Escherichia coli, and their immunogenicity was confirmed by Western blot analysis with positive porcine sera. Further functional studies were conducted with CaM. Suppression of CaM expression by RNA interference decreased T. gondii tachyzoites cell attachment, invasion, and egress but did not influence their replication. The proteins identified in this study are predicted to be involved in cell invasion, ion–protein binding, protein folding, biosynthesis, and metabolism. The results of the functional analysis support the hypothesis that CaM contributes to parasite pathogenesis during infection. These results may have significant implications for the discovery of candidate molecules for the development of potential therapies and preventive measures against toxoplasmosis in pigs.
Thin layer chromatographic analysis of Beta-lactam antibiotics.

PURPOSE The paper describes some thin layer chromatographic procedures that allow simple and rapid separation and identification of penicillins and cephalosporins from complex mixtures. METHODS Using silicagel GF254 as stationary phase and selecting different mobile phases we succeeded in the separation of the studied beta-lactamins. Our aim was not only to develop a simple, rapid and efficient method for their separation but also the optimization of the analytical conditions. RESULTS No system will separate all the beta-lactams, but they could be identified when supplementary information is used from color reactions and/or by using additional chromatographic systems. CONCLUSIONS The right combination of solvent system and detection method allows the identification of the studied penicillins and cephalosporins and can be successfully used in the preliminary analysis beta-lactam antibiotics. CONCLUSION The right combination of solvent system and detection method allows the identification of the studied penicillins and cephalosporins and can be successfully used in the preliminary analysis beta-lactam antibiotics.
Orientation and migration distances of a pond-breeding salamander (Notophthalmus perstriatus, Salamandridae)

Habitat loss and modification have played a significant role in the decline of amphibian populations and species. Loss of wetlands, which are used as breeding sites for many amphibians, has contributed to the decline. The protection of small, isolated wetlands and core areas of associated uplands is one way in which population declines in certain species can be slowed or prevented. Nevertheless, migration distances of individuals of most amphibian species from their breeding sites are unknown. Using drift fences and pitfall traps, I studied migration distance and orientation of striped newts (Notophthalmus perstriatus) at a breeding pond in northern Florida, USA. Newts entered (immigration) and exited (emigration) the pond basin in a nonrandom fashion but no obvious effects of upland habitat were apparent. Patterns of emigration and immigration differed significantly between sexes, life-history stages, and migration events. Individuals tended to exit and enter the pond basin within the same quadrant, sometimes leaving and returning at the same point. Newts moved hundreds of meters into the sandhill uplands surrounding the pond. I found an inverse relationship between the proportion of newts migrating and distance from the pond. Nonetheless, I estimated that at least 16 % of individuals breeding at the pond migrated in excess of 500 m from the pond. Thus, a core of protected upland with a radius of approximately 800 m from the pond would be needed to preserve the area used by the vast majority of individuals that breed at the pond. These data underscore the need to study upland habitat requirements for amphibians; findings for one taxon (e.g. ambystomatids) may not be applicable to others (e.g., salamandrids). Without such data, designating terrestrial core habitat to conserve aquatic-breeding amphibians will be difficult or impossible. However, without better protection of small, isolated wetlands, arguments to preserve surrounding uplands are irrelevant.
Can Aggregate Insider Trading Be Trusted to Predict Market Returns ?

Results in early studies show that aggregate insider trading activity predicts market returns. However, recent evidence shows that banking CEOs did not sell their firm's ownerships in anticipation to the financial crisis. These results call into question whether the described relationship still exist. On the one hand, risk of litigation resulting from increasing monitoring levels may force officers across all industries to rethink their trading strategies. On the other hand, the lack of association recently observed may be limited to officers in the banking industry. Insider trading activity of banking officers may be affected by officers shared believes that the financial innovations they create shield them from potential disaster. Insider trading activity of banking officers may also be affected by higher risk of litigation resulting from increased scrutiny following the failure of such products and its consequences. To test my predictions I use insider transactions filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission from 1999 to 2010.
Human brain mapping in dystonia reveals both endophenotypic traits and adaptive reorganization

Dystonia has a wide clinical spectrum from early‐onset generalized to late‐onset sporadic, task‐specific forms. The genetic origin of the former has been clearly established. A critical role of repetitive skilled motor tasks has been put forward for the latter, while underlying vulnerability traits are still being searched for. Using magnetoencephalography, we looked for structural abnormalities reflecting a preexisting dysfunction. We studied finger representations of both hands in the primary sensory cortex, as compared in 23 patients with unilateral task‐specific dystonia and 20 control subjects. A dramatic disorganization of the nondystonic hand representation was found in all patients, and its amount paralleled the severity of the dystonic limb motor impairment. Abnormalities were also observed in the cortex coding the dystonic limb representation, but they were important only in the most severely affected patients. The abnormal cortical finger representations from the nondystonic limb appear to be endophenotypic traits of dystonia. That finger representations from the dystonic limb were almost normal for the less severely affected patients may be due to intrinsic beneficial remapping in reaction against the primary disorder.