Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Naked-eye optical flash from gamma-ray burst 080319B: Tracing the decaying neutrons in the outflow

For an unsteady baryonic gamma-ray burst (GRB) outflow, the fast and slow proton shells collide with each other and produce energetic soft gamma-ray emission. If the outflow has a significant neutron component, the ultrarelativistic neutrons initially expand freely until decaying at a larger radius. The late-time proton shells ejected from the GRB central engine, after powering the regular internal shocks, will sweep these {beta}-decay products and give rise to very bright UV/optical emission. The naked-eye optical flash from GRB 080319B, an energetic explosion in the distant Universe, can be well explained in this way.
Real-time aerial targets detection algorithm based background subtraction

In his paper, we propose a new technique incorporates several innovative mechanisms for aerial target detection. The traditional algorithm has high time complexity, and when the target size changes, it has greater limitations. It is difficult to meet its critical real-time and accuracy requirements in practical application. Based on this, we propose the air target detection algorithm based background subtraction. Complete modeling of the video in the first frame, detect the target in second frame, the location and size of the target is obtained by connecting area detection. From the third frame, we use the size and position of target from last frame to open a window, and track the target in the window. Tracking target in the window, we can eliminate background interference and reduce the time consumption. Compared with the traditional algorithm, the proposed algorithm is experimentally proved real-time well, detecting and tracking efficient highly, and have a highly practical in practice.
Remote Estimation of Vegetation Fraction and Flower Fraction in Oilseed Rape with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data

This study developed an approach for remote estimation of Vegetation Fraction (VF) and Flower Fraction (FF) in oilseed rape, which is a crop species with conspicuous flowers during reproduction. Canopy reflectance in green, red, red edge and NIR bands was obtained by a camera system mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) when oilseed rape was in the vegetative growth and flowering stage. The relationship of several widely-used Vegetation Indices (VI) vs. VF was tested and found to be different in different phenology stages. At the same VF when oilseed rape was flowering, canopy reflectance increased in all bands, and the tested VI decreased. Therefore, two algorithms to estimate VF were calibrated respectively, one for samples during vegetative growth and the other for samples during flowering stage. The results showed that the Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARIgreen) worked most accurately for estimating VF in flower-free samples with an Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 3.56%, while the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2) was the best in flower-containing samples with an RMSE of 5.65%. Based on reflectance in green and NIR bands, a technique was developed to identify whether a sample contained flowers and then to choose automatically the appropriate algorithm for its VF estimation. During the flowering season, we also explored the potential of using canopy reflectance or VIs to estimate FF in oilseed rape. No significant correlation was observed between VI and FF when soil was visible in the sensor’s field of view. Reflectance at 550 nm worked well for FF estimation with coefficient of determination (R2) above 0.6. Our model was validated in oilseed rape planted under different nitrogen fertilization applications and in different phenology stages. The results showed that it was able to predict VF and FF accurately in oilseed rape with RMSE below 6%.
MODIFIED AODV TO ELIMINATE THE EFFECTS OF BLACK HOLE NODE IN MANET

Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) consists of a collection of wireless mobile hosts without the required intervention of any existing infrastructure or centralized access point such as base station. The dynamic topology of MANET allows nodes to join and leave the network at any point of time. Wireless MANET is particularly vulnerable due to its fundamental characteristics such as open medium, dynamic topology, distributed cooperation and constrained capability. So security in MANET is a complex issue. There are many routing protocols that establish the routes between the nodes in the network. The control towards the management of the nodes in the MANET is distributed. This feature does not give assurance towards the security aspects of the network. There are many routing attacks caused due to lack of security. In this paper, therefore, we attempt to focus on analyzing and improving the security of one of the popular routing protocol for MANET viz. the Adhoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. Our focus specifically, is on ensuring the security against the Black hole Attack. A black hole is a malicious node that falsely replies for any Route Requests (RREQ) without having active route to specified destination and drops all the receiving packets. If these malicious nodes work together as a group then the damage will be very serious. The proposed solution is capable of eliminating the effect of presence of black hole nodes in the MANET. The simulation study is performed using Network Simulator NS-2.34.
SIWAM: Using Social Data to Semantically Assess the Difficulties in Mountain Activities

In the last few years, the amount of people moving to the mountains to do several activities such as hiking, climbing or mountaineering, is steadily increasing. Not surprisingly, this has come along with a raise in the amount of accidents, which are mainly due to the inexperience of the people, and the lack of information and proper planning. Although one could expect to find appropriate updated information about this issue on the Internet, most of the information related to mountain activities is stored in personal blogs, or in Web sites that are not exploiting the possibilities that the Semantic Web and the Social Web offer regarding content generation and information processing. In this paper, we present SIWAM, a semantic framework oriented to share and evaluate the difficulties of mountain activities. It provides a thematic social network front-end to enable users to share their descriptions about their own experiences. Using text mining techniques on these descriptions, it extracts relevant facts about these experiences, which are used to evaluate the difficulty of the particular activity. The evaluation is done according to a well-established standard for evaluating the difficulty of mountain activities (MIDE), which is modeled in the system using ontologies.
THE TEACHING-LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS AS A DOUBLE PROCESS OF INTRA- AND INTER-INTERPRETATION: A PEIRCEAN PERSPECTIVE

We consider the teaching-learning of mathematics to be a complex process of interpretation in which teachers and students jointly participate. We argue that, during formation, students’ mathematical conceptions, constructed with the guidance of teachers, follow a long and corrective process of intra-inter-interpretation. We also emphasize that the teachers’ multiple awareness of the evolving nature and refinement of both their own activity of intra-inter-interpretation and, especially, those that take place in the students, is essential to maintain a collaborative and dynamic teaching-learning signifying practice. Intra-interpretation, inter-interpretation, objectification.
Deciding to Forgo Life-sustaining Treatment in the Intensive Care Nursery: A Sociologic Account

would have perished shortly after birth. Severely premature neonates and infants with significant congenital anomalies or life-threatening illnesses are now being saved with greater success. Along with the view that these developments represent impressive achievements has arisen a concern that large numbers of chronically ill and permanently handicapped individuals must now be cared for by their families and by society. The economic, social, and emotional burdens of caring for such children are becoming a central issue for public debate. Increasingly the question is asked: "What kind of life is being saved? " In cases where this life appears to be one ofendless suffering, profound mental retardation, or permanent coma, the question becomes "Why? " For physicians, nurses, and parents, these questions have prompted lengthy, agonizing discussions surrounding the decision to discontinue life-sustaining treatment. Much of the time, the issues are framed in ethical terms. Attempts are made to derive principles for decision making by applying the categories of moral philosophy or ofjurisprudence
Massively Concurrent Red-Black Trees with Hardware Transactional Memory

Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM) is nowadays available in several commercial and HPC targeted processors and in the future it will likely be available on systems that can accommodate a very large number of threads. Thus, it is essential for the research community to target on evaluating HTM on as many cores as possible in order to understand the virtues and limitations that come with it. In this paper we utilize HTM to parallelize accesses on a classic data structure, a red-black tree. With minimal programming effort, we implement a red-black tree by enclosing each operation in a single HTM transaction and evaluate it on two servers equipped with Intel Haswell-EP and IBM Power8 processors, supporting a large number of hardware threads, namely 56 and 160 respectively. Our evaluation reveals that applying HTM in such a simplistic manner allows scalability for up to a limited number of hardware threads. To fully utilize the underlying hardware we apply different optimizations on each platform.
Error probability of OFDM-based hybrid relay protocols over wideband fading channels

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based relay architecture is a promising technique in modern wireless communication systems. In frequency-selective channels, different sub-carriers experience different fades. Data transmitted on the sub-carriers which experience deep fade will have a high probability of getting lost at the destination. In this paper, we propose a multicarrier-adaptive hybrid relay protocol (MC-AHRP) over frequency-selective channels to overcome this problem. In the proposed protocol, the subcarrier performs an amplify-and-forward (AF) scheme when the instantaneous SNR of the source-relay link exceeds a preset threshold value, or it utilizes the adaptive decode-and-forward (ADF) scheme as the alternative. For any subcarrier of the ADF scheme that fails to be decoded, the destination selects the respective subcarrier from the direct transmission path instead. The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed in terms of bit error probability (BEP). Simulation and numerical results show that a significant performance gain can be achieved.
Prediction of Kidney Function from Biopsy Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks

A Convolutional Neural Network was used to predict kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease from high-resolution digital pathology scans of their kidney biopsies. Kidney biopsies were taken from participants of the NEPTUNE study, a longitudinal cohort study whose goal is to set up infrastructure for observing the evolution of 3 forms of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, including developing predictors for progression of kidney disease. The knowledge of future kidney function is desirable as it can identify high-risk patients and influence treatment decisions, reducing the likelihood of irreversible kidney decline.
African Ancestry is a Risk Factor for Asthma and High Total IgE Levels in African Admixed Populations

Characterization of genetic admixture of populations in the Americas and the Caribbean is of interest for anthropological, epidemiological, and historical reasons. Asthma has a higher prevalence and is more severe in populations with a high African component. Association of African ancestry with asthma has been demonstrated. We estimated admixture proportions of samples from six trihybrid populations of African descent and determined the relationship between African ancestry and asthma and total serum IgE levels (tIgE). We genotyped 237 ancestry informative markers in asthmatics and nonasthmatic controls from Barbados (190/277), Jamaica (177/529), Brazil (40/220), Colombia (508/625), African Americans from New York (207/171), and African Americans from Baltimore/Washington, D.C. (625/757). We estimated individual ancestries and evaluated genetic stratification using Structure and principal component analysis. Association of African ancestry and asthma and tIgE was evaluated by regression analysis. Mean ± SD African ancestry ranged from 0.76 ± 0.10 among Barbadians to 0.33 ± 0.13 in Colombians. The European component varied from 0.14 ± 0.05 among Jamaicans and Barbadians to 0.26 ± 0.08 among Colombians. African ancestry was associated with risk for asthma in Colombians (odds ratio (OR) = 4.5, P = 0.001) Brazilians (OR = 136.5, P = 0.003), and African Americans of New York (OR: 4.7; P = 0.040). African ancestry was also associated with higher tIgE levels among Colombians (β = 1.3, P = 0.04), Barbadians (β = 3.8, P = 0.03), and Brazilians (β = 1.6, P = 0.03). Our findings indicate that African ancestry can account for, at least in part, the association between asthma and its associated trait, tIgE levels.
Fast 2R regeneration by coherent laser amplifiers

A new device concept based on coherent processing of optical signals and allowing generation of ultrafast all-optical functions is introduced. The device is modeled by rate equations and its functionality is demonstrated by studying the re-amplification and re-shaping (2R) regeneration of a 30-GHz signal in detail. The main components of the regenerator are phase-locked lasers, optical isolators and band pass filters. Small signal analysis of the model predicts that bandwidths in excess of 100 GHz might be attainable. The technological feasibility of the device is also discussed.
An Adaptive Resource/Performance Trade-Off for Resolving Complex Queries in P2P Networks

Structured Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems are increasingly important for scalable data dissemination and search. Current distributed approaches for resolving complex search queries, like multi-attribute and range queries, typically require multiple query messages to resolve a single search request. To reduce the message overhead and the search latency, some approaches like the Multi-Attribute Addressable Network (MAAN) use static replication. However, this results in high main memory requirements and large data transfers each time a device joins the P2P network. Those drawbacks can be tolerated for P2P networks that mainly consist of fixed, powerful nodes like PCs but are intolerable for resource-constrained nodes with high churn, like mobile devices. As mobile devices will play a significant role in accessing and distributing data in the future, we propose and evaluate an improved search mechanism for such a scenario. Compared to MAAN, our approach significantly reduces the memory footprint and bandwidth requirements (up to a factor of five in our sample scenario). At the same time, the good latency properties of MAAN are remained on average. This is achieved via a dynamic replication scheme which introduces an adjustable trade-off between memory footprint and search latency. Thereby, our approach makes efficient, distributed resolution of complex queries in resource-constrained P2P networks feasible.
Interface reconstruction with least‐square fit and split Eulerian–Lagrangian advection

Two new volume‐of‐fluid (VOF) reconstruction algorithms, which are based on a least‐square fit technique, are presented. Their performance is tested for several standard shapes and is compared to a few other VOF/PLIC reconstruction techniques, showing in general a better convergence rate. The geometric nature of Lagrangian and Eulerian split advection algorithms is investigated in detail and a new mixed split Eulerian implicit–Lagrangian explicit (EI–LE) scheme is presented. This method conserves the mass to machine error, performs better than split Eulerian and Lagrangian algorithms, and it is only slightly worse than unsplit schemes. However, the combination of the interface reconstruction with the least‐square fit and its advection with the EI–LE scheme appears superior to other existing approaches. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The implications of publication bias for meta‐analysis' other parameter

Perhaps the greatest threat to the validity of a meta‐analysis is the possibility of publication bias, where studies that are interesting or statistically significant are more likely to be published than those with less encouraging results. In particular, there is the concern that this bias might be ‘one‐sided’, where studies indicating that the treatment is beneficial have a greater probability of publication. The impact that this type of bias has on the estimate of treatment effect has received a great deal of attention but this also has implications for estimates of between‐study variance. Using step functions to model the bias it can be demonstrated that it is impossible to make generalizations concerning how we should revise estimates of between‐study variance when presented with the possibility of publication bias. To determine this, assumptions must be made concerning the form that the bias takes, which is unknown in practice. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Persian large vocabulary name recognition system (FarsName)

There has been no isolated word recognition database for the Persian language so far. In this paper we introduce FarsName dataset which contains 20 thousands isolated-word Persian utterances spoken by 226 speakers from all regions of the country each saying an average of 88 Persian names. There is a total of 5235 unique names in this dataset. Various cell phone brands have been used to record this dataset. This indicates the high diversity of the utterances in this dataset. We have been able to achieve 10.34% WER on this set using Kaldi. This is a very good performance considering the recording environment have been normal and potentially noisy.
Parallel TreeBanks: Observations for Implication of Equivalent Alignments

Building a parallel Treebank anticipates alignment of linguistic information represented by diverse structures on different layers of a bilingual text. In this paper, we describe our observations for inference translation equivalents in parallel texts of languages with diverse structures - German and Georgian. They belong to the different language families and as a consequence enjoy different typological features manifested by diverse morphological structures, word and phrase order in a clause. In the bilingual German-Georgian Treebank development process it has been given a try to cluster the tolerant syntactic structures and classify phrase conventional translations that could be considered as equivalent units in the bilingual text alignment issue.
Overview of Genetic Algorithm Technique for maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of Solar PV System

The power generation capacity of solar photovoltaic systems (SPV) depends on input solar radiation (insolation) and ambient temperature. To improve the design efficiency of the system, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques has to be utilized while installing SPV systems. A comparative analysis of three maximum power point tracking techniques for solar photovoltaic systems has been presented in this paper. Along with this, various advantages of using genetic algorithm (GA) as a MPPT approach for SPV systems has been projected. The proposed methods are taken from the literature from previous research articles to the earliest applied ones and it has been revealed that three distinct methods are implemented with number of variations. The present study can become a bench mark for designing of practical SPV systems with considerable improvement in efficiency. General Terms Genetic Algorithm, MPPT, P&O and Incremental Conductance
Improving the Graph-Based Image Segmentation Method

Sensor devices are widely used for monitoring purposes. Image mining techniques are commonly employed to extract useful knowledge from the image sequences taken by sensor devices. Image segmentation is the first step of image mining. Due to the limited resources of the sensor devices, we need time and space efficient methods of image segmentation. In this paper, we propose an improvement to the graph-based image segmentation method already described in the literature and considered as the most effective method with satisfactory segmentation results. This is the preprocessing step of our online image mining approach. We contribute to the method by re-defining the internal difference used to define the property of the components and the threshold function, which is the key element to determine the size of the components. The conducted experiments demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the adjusted method
A 0.6 V, 1.5 GHz 84 Mb SRAM in 14 nm FinFET CMOS Technology With Capacitive Charge-Sharing Write Assist Circuitry

A 0.6-1.1 V, 84 Mb pipelined SRAM array design implemented in 14 nm FinFET CMOS technology is presented. Two array architectures featuring a high-density 0.0500 μm 2 6T SRAM bitcell and a 0.0588 μm 2 6T SRAM bitcell targeting low voltage operation are detailed. The high-density array design reaches 2.7 GHz at 1.1 V with 14.5 Mb/mm 2 bit density, while the low voltage optimized array can operate at 0.6 V, 1.5 GHz under typical process conditions. A capacitive charge-share transient voltage collapse write-assist circuit (CS-TVC) enables a 24% reduction in write energy compared to previous techniques by eliminating bias currents during operation. Technology and assist co-optimization enable 50 mV reduction in V MIN and a 1.81× increase in density over a 22 nm design.
Anatomical Changes in Normal Sacro-Iliac Joints during Childhood and Comparison with the Changes in Still's Disease *

In the preceding paper (Carter, 1962) the incidence and clinical associations of radiological sacro-iliitis in Still's disease are described. Since the interpretation of these radiological changes in juveniles is difficult, we have correlated them with the anatomical structure of juvenile joints using pelves obtained post mortem from nine patients of varying ages without joint disease, together with two specimens from patients suffering from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Method
Valued Ties Tell Fewer Lies, II: Why Not To Dichotomize Network Edges With Bounded Outdegrees

Various methods have been proposed for creating a binary version of a complex network with valued ties. Rather than the default method of choosing a single threshold value about which to dichotomize, we consider a method of choosing the highest k outbound arcs from each person and assigning a binary tie, as this has the advantage of minimizing the isolation of nodes that may otherwise be weakly connected. However, simulations and real data sets establish that this method is worse than the default thresholding method and should not be generally considered to deal with valued networks.