Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictive validity of the youth level of service/case management inventory in custody sample in England

The Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) is widely used in the United Kingdom, yet there have been no validation studies in England and Wales. This prospective study aimed to explore the predictive ability of the YLS/CMI in sample of 135 male adolescents with conduct problems in the absence of major Axis I pathology. Participants were assessed in custody and followed up 12 months post release. Outcome data on recidivism were based on Home Office records. YLS/CMI total score was a modest predictor of non-violent and any recidivism but the YLS/CMI risk classification showed greater predictive power. Participants classified at different risk levels showed differences in the frequency and time-to recidivism. Those rated as very high risk were 10.7 times more likely to re-offend sooner and 94% of the very high-risk group did re-offend over the follow-up period. Data are discussed in relation to implications for treatment planning and risk management.
Sleep deprivation decreases superoxide dismutase activity in rat hippocampus and brainstem

Sleep deprivation by the disk-over-water technique results in a predictable syndrome of physiological changes in rats. It has been proposed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be responsible for some of these effects. A variety of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) help to regulate the level of ROS. In this study we investigated the effects of prolonged (5–11 days) sleep deprivation on the activities of SOD and GPx as well as the metabolic activity of the mitochondria (using alamar blue) in several brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, brainstem and cerebellum). We show that prolonged sleep deprivation significantly decreased Cu/Zn-SOD activity in the hippocampus and brainstem, suggesting an alteration in the metabolism of ROS resulting in oxidative stress.
Bayesian Optimisation of Gated Bayesian Networks for Algorithmic Trading

Gated Bayesian networks (GBNs) are an extension of Bayesian networks that aim to model systems that have distinct phases. In this paper, we aim to use GBNs to output buy and sell decisions for use in algorithmic trading systems. These systems may have several parameters that require tuning, and assessing the performance of these systems as a function of their parameters cannot be expressed in closed form, and thus requires simulation. Bayesian optimisation has grown in popularity as a means of global optimisation of parameters where the objective function may be costly or a black box. We show how algorithmic trading using GBNs, supported by Bayesian optimisation, can lower risk towards invested capital, while at the same time generating similar or better rewards, compared to the benchmark investment strategy buy-and-hold.
A conceptual model of integrated STEM education in K-12

Unlike traditional education experiences in which students' focus on individual subject areas separate from other subject areas, STEM education emphasizes on combining different subject areas in a way that integrates them together, connecting different disciplines together, and relating them to each other practically and coherently. STEM education has become such a global trend that an increasing amount of countries have realized that humanity's future will be built on our capacity for innovation, invention, and creative problem-solving. To implement STEM education in schools, many countries have tried a variety of different strategies. The situation is no different in Hong Kong. There is a distinct lack of a coherent understanding of STEM education and on how to implement STEM courses inside of the curriculums. This paper will establish and propose a framework to provide concrete references and examples to schools in Hong Kong for integrating STEM courses into their curriculums. This article will also discuss a variety of suggestions related to STEM education; including the development and training of educational professionals will be considered.
ASYMPTOTICS OF IMPLIED VOLATILITY IN LOCAL VOLATILITY MODELS

Using an expansion of the transition density function of a one‐dimensional time inhomogeneous diffusion, we obtain the first‐ and second‐order terms in the short time asymptotics of European call option prices. The method described can be generalized to any order. We then use these option prices approximations to calculate the first‐ and second‐order deviation of the implied volatility from its leading value and obtain approximations which we numerically demonstrate to be highly accurate.
Which kind of psychometrics is adequate for patient satisfaction questionnaires?

The construction and psychometric analysis of patient satisfaction questionnaires are discussed. The discussion is based upon the classification of multi-item questionnaires into scales or indices. Scales consist of items that describe the effects of the latent psychological variable to be measured, and indices consist of items that describe the causes of this variable. Whether patient satisfaction questionnaires should be constructed and analyzed as scales or as indices depends upon the purpose for which these questionnaires are required. If the final aim is improving care with regard to patients’ preferences, then these questionnaires should be constructed and analyzed as indices. This implies two requirements: 1) items for patient satisfaction questionnaires should be selected in such a way that the universe of possible causes of patient satisfaction is covered optimally and 2) Cronbach’s alpha, principal component analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and analyses with models from item response theory, such as the Rasch Model, should not be applied for psychometric analyses. Instead, multivariate regression analyses with a direct rating of patient satisfaction as the dependent variable and the individual questionnaire items as independent variables should be performed. The coefficients produced by such an analysis can be applied for selecting the best items and for weighting the selected items when a sum score is determined. The lower boundaries of the validity of the unweighted and the weighted sum scores can be estimated by their correlations with the direct satisfaction rating. While the first requirement is fulfilled in the majority of the previous patient satisfaction questionnaires, the second one deviates from previous practice. Hence, if patient satisfaction is actually measured with the final aim of improving care with regard to patients’ preferences, then future practice should be changed so that the second requirement is also fulfilled.
Evaluating Therapeutic Intervention with Sexually Abused Children

The progress of sexually abused children attending community-based treatment programmes run by selected voluntary agencies was evaluated on several different dimensions. By the end of the treatment programmes, improvement was apparent in the children's scores on the Children's Depression Inventory and self-esteem scores and in behaviour (CBCL) reports from parents. Young people over the age of 11 years reported for themselves improvements in the CBCL total problem and internalizing scores, but no improvement in the externalizing scores. The reasons why many therapists had difficulty providing all the necessary information were explored in interviews with senior managers and suggestions are made for improving the ways in which abused children's progress through treatment can be evaluated. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Childhood Maltreatment, PTSD, and Suicidal Behavior Among African American Females

The independent and combined roles of childhood maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect) and current post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were examined in predicting nonfatal suicide attempts among 335 African American women. It was hypothesized that suicide attempters (n = 157) would evidence higher rates of all forms of childhood maltreatment and higher rates of current PTSD than controls (n = 178). The authors predicted that women with both current PTSD and a lifetime history of child maltreatment would be at greatest risk for making a nonfatal suicide attempt. Results revealed that current PTSD and all five forms of childhood maltreatment were independently related to risk for suicide attempts. PTSD in combination with any of the five forms of childhood maltreatment increased a woman's risk for making a nonfatal suicide attempt. This suggests interventions designed to reduce suicidal behavior should focus on women with PTSD and a history of child maltreatment.
Entity ranking using Wikipedia as a pivot

In this paper we investigate the task of Entity Ranking on the Web. Searchers looking for entities are arguably better served by presenting a ranked list of entities directly, rather than a list of web pages with relevant but also potentially redundant information about these entities. Since entities are represented by their web homepages, a naive approach to entity ranking is to use standard text retrieval. Our experimental results clearly demonstrate that text retrieval is effective at finding relevant pages, but performs poorly at finding entities. Our proposal is to use Wikipedia as a pivot for finding entities on the Web, allowing us to reduce the hard web entity ranking problem to easier problem of Wikipedia entity ranking. Wikipedia allows us to properly identify entities and some of their characteristics, and Wikipedia's elaborate category structure allows us to get a handle on the entity's type. Our main findings are the following. Our first finding is that, in principle, the problem of web entity ranking can be reduced to Wikipedia entity ranking. We found that the majority of entity ranking topics in our test collections can be answered using Wikipedia, and that with high precision relevant web entities corresponding to the Wikipedia entities can be found using Wikipedia's 'external links'. Our second finding is that we can exploit the structure of Wikipedia to improve entity ranking effectiveness. Entity types are valuable retrieval cues in Wikipedia. Automatically assigned entity types are effective, and almost as good as manually assigned types. Our third finding is that web entity retrieval can be significantly improved by using Wikipedia as a pivot. Both Wikipedia's external links and the enriched Wikipedia entities with additional links to homepages are significantly better at finding primary web homepages than anchor text retrieval, which in turn significantly improved over standard text retrieval.
Cultural Prototypes of the Successful Entrepreneur: Comparison of Estonia and the United States

This study compares and contrasts perceptions of entrepreneurship success factors in Estonia and the USA. The 115-item E-World survey is used to highlight differences of implicit beliefs about behaviors and characteristics of successful entrepreneurs between the USA, a country with a long history of entrepreneurial development, and Estonia, a small economy where entrepreneurship has played an important role in the transition from a command to a market economy. Cultural differences and the institutional context emerge as key models in interpreting the social obligations of entrepreneurs, thus linking future orientation and communication, and entrepreneurs’ perceptions of entrepreneurial risks and challenges.
The Structure of the Juvenile Prison

Crime and adolescent fatherhood are generally discussed as separate social problems, with little attention paid to the fact that they increasingly intersect. In this article, the author discusses the structure of the juvenile prison and its effect on the relationship between inmates and their children. Placing prison structure into a historical and social context, the author examines its effects on father/child relations. This includes an analysis of the gendered nature of the institution, its patriarchal/punitive structure, and its high-stress environment. For the analysis, the author draws from observations at three California youth prisons, survey data from 181 parolee-fathers, and in-depth interview data from a subset of 20 of the survey respondents.
Characterization of mutations affecting the Escherichia coli essential GTPase era that suppress two temperature-sensitive dnaG alleles

Two suppressor mutations of the temperature-sensitive DNA primase mutant dnaG2903 have been characterized. The gene responsible for suppression, era, encodes an essential GTPase of Escherichia coli. One mutation, rnc-15, is an insertion of an IS1 element within the leader region of the rnc operon and causes a polar defect on the downstream genes of the operon. A previously described polar mutation, rnc-40, was also able to suppress dnaG2903. The other mutation, era-1, causes a single amino acid substitution (P17R) in the G1 region of the GTP-binding domain of Era. Analysis of the GTPase activity of the Era-1 mutant protein showed a four- to five-fold decrease in the ability to convert GTP to GDP. Thus, lowered expression of wild-type Era caused by the polar mutations and reduced GTPase activity caused by the era-1 mutation suppresses dnaG2903 as well as a second dnaG allele, parB. Phenotypic analysis of the era-1 mutant at 25 degrees C showed that 10% of the cells contain four segregated nucleoids, indicative of a delay in cell division. Possible mechanisms of suppression of dnaG and roles for Era are discussed.
MegaProto: 1 TFlops/10kW Rack Is Feasible Even with Only Commodity Technology

In our research project "Mega-Scale Computing Based on Low-Power Technology and Workload Modeling", we claim that a million-scale parallel system could be built with densely mounted low-power commodity processors. "MegaProto" is a proof-of-concept low-power and highperformance cluster build only with commodity components to implement this claim. A one-rack system is composed of 32 motherboard "cluster units" of 1 U-height and commodity switches to interconnect them mutually as well as with other racks. Each cluster unit houses 16 low-power dollarbill- sized commodity PC-architecture daughterboards, together with a high bandwidth, 2 Gbps per processor embedded switched network based on Gigabit Ethernet. The peak performance of a one-rack system is 0.48 TFlops for the first version and will improve to 1.02 TFlops in the second version through a processor/daughterboard upgrade. The system consumes about 10 kW or less per rack, resulting in 100 MFlops/W power efficiency with a power-aware intrarack network of 32 Gbps bisection bandwidth, while additional 2.4 kW will boost this to sufficiently large 256 Gbps. Performance studies show that even the first version significantly outperforms a conventional high-end 1U server comprised of dual power-hungry processors in a majority of NPB programs. It is also investigated how the current automated DVS control could save power for the HPC parallel programs along with its limitation.
High Density Lipoprotein Apoprotein Variability in a Biracial Population

High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is a sensitive index for coronary disease in affluent societies. We have measured plasma apoprotein A-l levels (the major HDL protein) in randomly selected groups of urban and rural Fijian Melanesians and Indians. Despite higher prevalence rates of coronary disease and diabetes mellitus in Indians, Indian men and women had significantly higher A-l levels than Melanesian men and women. Multivariate analysis was carried out separately in all men and women of both races and also in younger men and women (less than 45 years old) to determine the predictive values of seven variables that might influence A-l levels. These variables accounted for about 16% of the A-l variation and of this more than one-half was due to ethnic origin. The remainder was largely due to three environmental factors: urbanization, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Men and women aged 20 to 44 years had significantly higher A-l levels in the town than in villages; alcohol drinkers had significantly higher A-l levels than nondrinkers, and in women physical inactivity resulted in significantly lower A-l levels. Age, smoking cigarettes, and body mass index did not contribute to the differences in A-l levels between the two races, despite less smoking and overweight among Indians. This study of a biracial population, that shares a similar environment but differs in cultural habits, has demonstrated the operation of genetic and environmental factors that explain a minor proportion of apoprotein A-l variability.
The Effect of Jet Parameters on Jet Injection

Current jet injection devices often utilize compressed air or springs to create a high-pressure fluid jet capable of piercing the skin. However, these devices are limited to a single invariable injection profile based on the impulse created by the compressed air or spring and therefore the parameters that affect injection are not well understood. To determine the effect of injection parameters on jet injection into tissue, including the effect of the fluid ejection profile on the injection, a controllable jet injection device was used to perform experiments into sheep and pig tissue. This paper demonstrates the importance of an initial peak in injection pressure and a subsequent lower follow-through pressure for successful jet injection into sheep and pig tissue
The role of language and culture in marketing communication: A study of Chinese brand names

Brand naming is a crucial component in marketing communication. Chinese brand naming differs greatly from naming in Western communities. Both linguistic and cultural aspects play an important role in Chinese brand naming. This paper reports our analysis of 5,089 Chinese brand names from 21 product categories. We analyzed these brand names from six aspects: the syllable pattern, the tone pattern, the compounding pattern, the semantic pattern, the semantic field which consists of semantically associated words to indicate the functions or features of products, and the most frequently used words in branding. We found that Chinese brand naming has a consistent tendency for two-syllable names with a modifier-noun compounding structure. High tones and positive meaning are also the preferred features. The cultural influence is reflected in the selection of the semantic fields and the choice of words for brand names.
An Informed Patient—An Oxymoron in an Information Restricted Society

In 2007, most of us reading this Journal live in a world where we log in each day to e-mail, use a search engine for information and navigate wireless communication technology either with a mobile phone, PDA or other device. Yet, how often do we consider how people without such abilities, many of whom who have no access to such technology or the underlying information it is capable of transmitting, get health information? ; It is well documented with evidence that people need valid and updated health information for being able to manage their health—prevention, detection, and treatment of disease as well as and overall health care and well-being. While health professionals are crucial as sources of information, citizens and patients increasingly use other communication technologies along with traditional media sources such as newspapers, books and magazines for health information on their own initiative. This Journal has published 357 articles to date in the variety of fields related to Health Communication. A recent annotated bibliography completed by Wendy Meltzer (available at www.journalofhealthcommunication.com under ‘‘related research’’) selected 49 articles as demonstrating the potential value for advancing ‘‘information to patients. ’’ This bibliography—divided according to research associated with the following categories: attitudes towards health care and descriptions of information needs, the complexity of medicine and increasing burden of health care, health literacy, health information and technology, and direct to consumer advertising, provides further support to the suggestion that an informed patient and citizen will be the future cornerstone of a healthier society. Better informed patients make a practical and efficient contribution towards reaching the objectives of accessible, high quality and financially sustainable healthcare. With the availability of new communication tools, the corresponding increase in information productivity and the evolution of media can reach more people with an increased amount and quality of information available. Such tools also include making the public aware of specific high-risk conditions and how they might reduce their risks while conveying the value of health information; that is, why health information is important and why patients should be happy to ask for more.
Sparse structured probabilistic projections for factorized latent spaces

Building a common representation for several related data sets is an important problem in multi-view learning. CCA and its extensions have shown that they are effective in finding the shared variation among all data sets. However, these models generally fail to exploit the common structure of the data when the views are with private information. Recently, methods explicitly modeling the information into shared part and private parts have been proposed, but they presume to know the prior knowledge about the latent space, which is usually impossible to obtain. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic model, which could simultaneously learn the structure of the latent space whilst factorize the information correctly, therefore the prior knowledge of the latent space is unnecessary. Furthermore, as a probabilistic model, our method is able to deal with missing data problem in a natural way. We show that our approach attains the performance of state-of-art methods on the task of human pose estimation when the motion capture view is completely missing, and significantly improves the inference accuracy with only a few observed data.
Analysing Qualitative Data : More Than ‘ Identifying Themes ’

Reliance on the identification of themes as the goal of analysis is endemic in qualitative research. Often, in funding proposals, there will be a lengthy description of how qualitative data are going to be gathered, but the only thing said about how these data are going to be managed or analysed is that ‘themes will be identified in the data’. Similarly, writers of journal articles often simply identify and discuss four or five ‘themes’ as their analysis of the qualitative data in the study, with no attempt to link those themes into a more comprehensive model of what they have found.
Booters — An analysis of DDoS-as-a-service attacks

In 2012, the Dutch National Research and Education Network, SURFnet, observed a multitude of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks against educational institutions. These attacks were effective enough to cause the online exams of hundreds of students to be cancelled. Surprisingly, these attacks were purchased by students from Web sites, known as Booters. These sites provide DDoS attacks as a paid service (DDoS-as-a-Service) at costs starting from 1 USD. Since this problem was first identified by SURFnet, Booters have been used repeatedly to perform attacks on schools in SURFnet's constituency. Very little is known, however, about the characteristics of Booters, and particularly how their attacks are structure. This is vital information needed to mitigate these attacks. In this paper we analyse the characteristics of 14 distinct Booters based on more than 250 GB of network data from real attacks. Our findings show that Booters pose a real threat that should not be underestimated, especially since our analysis suggests that they can easily increase their firepower based on their current infrastructure.