Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
M/EEG source localization with multi-scale time-frequency dictionaries

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) source localization is a challenging illposed problem. To identify an appropriate solution out of an infinite set of possible candidates, the problem requires setting certain constraints depending on the assumptions or a priori knowledge about the source distribution. Different constraints have been proposed so far, including those that impose sparsity on the source reconstruction in both standard and time-frequency domains. Source localization in the time-frequency domain has already been investigated using Gabor dictionary in both a convex (TF-MxNE) and non-convex way (Iterative Reweighted TF-MxNE). The iterative reweighted (ir)TF-MxNE solver has been shown to outperform TF-MxNE in both source recovery and amplitude bias. However, the choice of an optimal dictionary remains unsolved. Due to a mixture of signals, i.e. short transient signals (right after the stimulus onset) and slower brain waves, the choice of a single dictionary explaining simultaneously both signals types in a sparse way is difficult. In this work, we introduce a method to improve the source estimation relying on a multi-scale dictionary, i.e. multiple dictionaries with different scales concatenated to fit short transients and slow waves at the same time. We compare our results with irTF-MxNE on realistic simulation, then we use somatosensory data to demonstrate the benefits of the approach in terms of reduced leakage (time courses mixture), temporal smoothness and detection of both signals types.
(3-Methylbenzonitrile-1κN)-cis-tetrakis(μ-N-phenylacetamidato)-1:2κ4 N:O;1:2κ4 O:N-dirhodium(II)(Rh—Rh)

The complex molecule of the title compound, [Rh2{N(C6H5)COCH3}4(NCC7H7)], has crystallographically-imposed mirror symmetry. The four acetamide ligands bridging the dirhodium core are arranged in a 2,2-cis manner with two N atoms and two O atoms coordinating to the unique RhII atom cis to one another. The Neq—Rh—Rh—Oeq torsion angles on the acetamide bridge are 0.75 (7) and 1.99 (9)°. The axial nitrile ligand completes the distorted octahedral coordination sphere of one RhII atom and shows a nonlinear coordination, with an Rh—N—C bond angle of 162.8 (5)°; the N—C bond length is 1.154 (7) Å.
Tool-using strategies by early hominids at bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania.

This study examines the current prevailing model of Oldowan technology-the opportunistic, least-effort strategy of stone tool making and using by early hominids. The sample includes the MNK chert factory site and three contemporaneous assemblages from Olduvai Gorge, all dated between 1.65 and 1.53 m.y. a. The analysis suggests that early hominids at Olduvai may have been selective, applying distinctive strategies in making and using tools depending on the different types of raw materials available to them. The preponderance of lava cores and near absence of flakes associated with the cores suggest that lava cores at Olduvai did not provide a source of flakes. They were primarily heavy-duty core tools, despite the fact that the majority of Olduvai lava is of excellent quality for flaking. Contrary to this pattern, the abundance of chert flakes and the lack of large chert cores suggest that the production of flakes was the most important strategy applied to chert. Original forms and flaking mechanics of the raw materials may have been important factors in the simultaneous application of the different, complementary strategies. The Oldowan tool-using strategy was dynamic and flexible, in response to changes in raw material availability. The use of chert between 1.65 and 1.53 m.y. a. was apparently related to the drastic decrease in flake production in lava and quartz. Finally, lack of initial reduction episodes of lava material challenges the idea of the stone cache strategy at Olduvai between 1.65 to 1.53 m.y. a.
Walking analysis: Empirical relation between kurtosis and degree of cyclostationarity

The objective of the research is to develop new methods or indicators regarding cyclostationarity (CS) that could clearly point out and differentiate between walking disorder signals. Normal human locomotion is the rather grand term given to the description of walking by individuals who fall within the range considered as “normal”, and is seen as a sequence of cyclic and repeated gestures. It is a highly individual and variable activity influenced by many various factors. Analysis and treatment of such sequences, are demonstrated, and have proved that such processes are cyclostationary. This article suggests that “Kurtosis” provides a strong indicator of CS, and shows empirically the existence of a relationship between the “Kurtosis” and the known indicator of CS; specifically “the degree of cyclostationarity (DCS)”. An empirical study on the biomechanics of locomotion is performed with the objective of using it as supportive evidence of that relationship.
Modulation of Cyclin Transcript Levels in Cultured Cells of Arabidopsis thaliana

Previous studies on the cell cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana have been hindered by the lack of synchronous cell culture systems. We have used liquid callus cultures and a cycloheximide-synchronized suspension culture of Arabidopsis to investigate changes in cyclin transcript levels in response to exogenous auxin, cytokinin, and nutrients, and during the cell cycle. CYCD1 ([delta]1) transcript was virtually undetectable in liquid-cultured callus or suspension-culture cells. CYCD2 ([delta]2) transcript levels were largely unaffected by the readdition of phytohormones or nitrate to the growth medium, and remained constant throughout the cell cycle in suspension-culture cells. CYCD3 ([delta]3) transcript levels were strongly dependent on nitrate, and were induced at the G1/S transition following phytohormone readdition. In synchronized suspension-culture cells, CYCD3 transcript accumulated during the S phase, and remained constant thereafter. These results support the hypothesis that D cyclins function as part of the cellular machinery that integrates diverse signals impinging upon commitment to cell division. In synchronized cells transcripts of the mitotic cyclins CYC1, CYC2, and CYC3 reached a maximum with peak mitotic index, but CYC3 transcript levels increased earlier than those of CYC1 or CYC2. The kinetics of accumulation of CYC transcript levels support their classification as A-type (CYC3) and B-type (CYC1 and CYC2) cyclins, respectively.
Diagnosis of Graves' orbitopathy (DiaGO): results of a pilot study to assess the utility of an office tool for practicing endocrinologists.

CONTEXT In active Graves' orbitopathy (GO), treatment can improve the final cosmetic and visual outcome. Diagnostic delay results in significant morbidity and increases patient dissatisfaction. However, it can be challenging for endocrinologists to recognize GO and decide who should be referred for ophthalmic care. OBJECTIVE DiaGO, a clinical assessment tool, was developed for use in patients with Graves' disease (GD). The tool is designed to alert clinicians to the possibility of GO and prompt early ophthalmic assessment. DESIGN AND SETTING A 20-point assessment tool was devised and tested on 104 GD patients: 27 "positive controls" with GO and 77 people with GD attending endocrine clinics over 17 months. Those scoring positively in endocrine clinics were referred for ophthalmic assessment. Both the appropriateness of the referral and subsequent treatment were assessed. RESULTS Eighty-eight of the 104 patients (85%) were female (mean age, 48.5 y; range, 18-76 y). All 27 "controls" scored positively. Of the 77 people evaluated with GD, 27 (35%) scored above the threshold for referral and GO was confirmed in 24/26 (92%) who attended for specialist ophthalmic assessment. Twelve of these 24 (50%) were offered specific treatment following ophthalmology review. CONCLUSIONS The timely diagnosis of GO is important because early intervention in active disease can improve prognosis. DiaGO alerts clinicians to the possibility of GO and prompts referral to specialist ophthalmic care. It is quick and easy to use and does not require specialist ophthalmic skills. Overall, half of those referred after use of DiaGO were offered specific treatment, suggesting its use might significantly improve the management of patients.
Quantifying the erosion of natural darkness in the global protected area system

The nighttime light environment of much of the earth has been transformed by the introduction of electric lighting. This impact continues to spread with growth in the human population and extent of urbanization. This has profound consequences for organismal physiology and behavior and affects abundances and distributions of species, community structure, and likely ecosystem functions and processes. Protected areas play key roles in buffering biodiversity from a wide range of anthropogenic pressures. We used a calibration of a global satellite data set of nighttime lights to determine how well they are fulfilling this role with regard to artificial nighttime lighting. Globally, areas that are protected tend to be darker at night than those that are not, and, with the exception of Europe, recent regional declines in the proportion of the area that is protected and remains dark have been small. However, much of these effects result from the major contribution to overall protected area coverage by the small proportion of individual protected areas that are very large. Thus, in Europe and North America high proportions of individual protected areas (>17%) have exhibited high levels of nighttime lighting in all recent years, and in several regions (Europe, Asia, South and Central America) high proportions of protected areas (32–42%) have had recent significant increases in nighttime lighting. Limiting and reversing the erosion of nighttime darkness in protected areas will require routine consideration of nighttime conditions when designating and establishing new protected areas; establishment of appropriate buffer zones around protected areas where lighting is prohibited; and landscape level reductions in artificial nighttime lighting, which is being called for in general to reduce energy use and economic costs.
Mitochondrial genealogy of Western Australian : applications of inbreeding coefficients and coalescent analysis for separating temporal population processes

In Australian populations of barramundi Lates calcarifer, phylogenetic reconstruction of mtDNA sequences provided evidence of significant historical levels of gene flow, despite the substantial structuring of contemporary populations. The geographical pattern of mtDNA sequences among the populations was not congruent with previous evidence of a major disjunction between western and eastern populations of barramundi in Australia.
SubtiWiki in 2018: from genes and proteins to functional network annotation of the model organism Bacillus subtilis

Abstract Living cells are made up of individual parts, i.e. the genome, the proteins, the RNA and lipid molecules as well as the metabolites and ions. However, life depends on the functional interaction among these components which is often organized in networks. Here, we present the recent development of SubtiWiki, the integrated database for the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis (http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/). SubtiWiki is based on a relational database and provides access to published information about the genes and proteins of B. subtilis and about metabolic and regulatory pathways. We have included a network visualization tool that can be used to visualize regulatory as well as protein-protein interaction networks. The resulting interactive graphical presentations allow the user to detect novel associations and thus to develop novel hypotheses that can then be tested experimentally. To facilitate the mobile use of SubtiWiki, we provide enhanced versions of the SubtiWiki App that are available for iOS and Android devices. Importantly, the App allows to link private notes and pictures to the gene/protein pages that can be synchronized on multiple devices. SubtiWiki has become one of the most complete resources of knowledge on a living organism.
An intelligent rollator for mobility impaired persons, especially stroke patients

Abstract An intelligent rollator (IRO) was developed that aims at obstacle detection and guidance to avoid collisions and accidental falls. The IRO is a retrofit four-wheeled rollator with an embedded computer, two solenoid brakes, rotation sensors on the wheels and IR-distance sensors. The value reported by each distance sensor was compared in the computer to a nominal distance. Deviations indicated a present obstacle and caused activation of one of the brakes in order to influence the direction of motion to avoid the obstacle. The IRO was tested by seven healthy subjects with simulated restricted and blurred sight and five stroke subjects on a standardised indoor track with obstacles. All tested subjects walked faster with intelligence deactivated. Three out of five stroke patients experienced more detected obstacles with intelligence activated. This suggests enhanced safety during walking with IRO. Further studies are required to explore the full value of the IRO.
Improved methods to rescue TEM lift out failure samples

In situ lift out is a mature and well established technique for TEM sample preparation [1]. There are occasions though, when lift out fails, and the TEM lamella falls into the TEM trench during sample preparation. In a previous study [2], the lamella can be rescued through a series of steps involving welding, tilting, cutting free and rewelding the lamella onto a grid or die. In this paper, we detail improved methods with reduced steps to rescue lamellas that have fallen into the trench at various tilt angles. The optimized steps have a shorter turnaround time and can be easily adopted by less experienced sample preparation analysts. This is important with the continual drive towards improved success rates and shorter cycle times in failure analysis work.
Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Glioma: Systematic Review

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Treatment is largely palliative, with current strategies unable to prevent inevitable tumor recurrence. Implantable micro‐electromechanical systems are becoming more feasible for the management of several human diseases. These systems may have a role in detecting tumor recurrence and delivering localized therapies. One potential therapeutic tool is ultraviolet (UV) light. This systematic review assesses the effects of UV light on glioma cells. A total of 47 publications are included. The large majority were in vitro experiments conducted on human glioblastoma cell lines in monolayer. In these cells, UV light was shown to induce apoptosis and the expression of genes or activation of proteins that modulate cell death, repair, and proliferation. The nature and magnitude of cellular response varied by UV wavelength, dose, cell line, and time after irradiation. UVC (wavelength 100–280 nm) was most effective at inducing apoptosis, and this effect was dose dependent. The included studies had varied methodologies, complicating reconciliation of results. Further work will be required to determine the best regime of UV irradiation for therapeutic use. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4063–4071, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Screening for microorganisms producing D-malate from maleate

More than 300 microorganisms were screened for their ability to convert maleate into D-malate as a result of the action of maleate hydratase. Accumulation of fumarate during incubation of permeabilized cells with maleate was shown to be indicative of one of the two enzymes known to transform maleate. The ratio in which fumarate and malate accumulated could be used to estimate the enantiomeric composition of the malate formed. Many strains (n = 128) were found to be capable of converting maleate to D-malate with an enantiomeric purity of more than 97%. Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes NCIMB 9867 was selected for more detailed studies. Although this strain was not able to grow on maleate, permeabilized cells were able to degrade maleate to undetectable levels, with a concomitant formation of D-malate. The D-malate was formed with an enantiomeric purity of more than 99.97%.
How bold is blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging of the kidney? Opportunities, challenges and future directions

Renal tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia are key elements in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury and its progression to chronic kidney disease. Yet, in vivo assessment of renal haemodynamics and tissue oxygenation remains a challenge. Many of the established approaches are invasive, hence not applicable in humans. Blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers an alternative. BOLD‐MRI is non‐invasive and indicative of renal tissue oxygenation. Nonetheless, recent (pre‐) clinical studies revived the question as to how bold renal BOLD‐MRI really is. This review aimed to deliver some answers. It is designed to inspire the renal physiology, nephrology and imaging communities to foster explorations into the assessment of renal oxygenation and haemodynamics by exploiting the powers of MRI. For this purpose, the specifics of renal oxygenation and perfusion are outlined. The fundamentals of BOLD‐MRI are summarized. The link between tissue oxygenation and the oxygenation‐sensitive MR biomarker T2∗ is outlined. The merits and limitations of renal BOLD‐MRI in animal and human studies are surveyed together with their clinical implications. Explorations into detailing the relation between renal T2∗ and renal tissue partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) are discussed with a focus on factors confounding the T2∗ vs. tissue pO2 relation. Multi‐modality in vivo approaches suitable for detailing the role of the confounding factors that govern T2∗ are considered. A schematic approach describing the link between renal perfusion, oxygenation, tissue compartments and renal T2∗ is proposed. Future directions of MRI assessment of renal oxygenation and perfusion are explored.
Technetium-99m Labeled Monoclonal Antibodies in the Detection of Metastatic Melanoma

Twenty-six stage ll/lll malignant melanoma patients with 321 measurable metastatic lesions were imaged using Fab fragments of an IgG murine monoclonal antibody labeled specifically with 10-30 mCi Tc-99m with a bifunctional chelating method (NeoRx, Seattle, WA). There were no side effects or adverse reactions. Immunoscintigraphy demonstrated 66.6% of lesions larger than 1 cm and 92.5% of lesions larger than 3 cm. Most frequently detected metastases were in lymph nodes, subcutaneous areas, and bone. Of lesions less than 1 cm, 23.6% were detected if superficial cutaneous lesions were excluded. The smallest detectable lesion was 4 mm. Twenty-one additional clinically unsuspected sites were visualized in 12 of the 26 patients studied. Of these, 56% were confirmed as metastasis by other tests. There were apparent nonspecific localizations owing to other causes, including fracture, varicosities, skin abscess and pneumonitis. Increased experience in image analysis facilitates correct interpretation of these localizations. This study demonstrates that imaging with Tc-99m labeled antibody fragments detects melanoma lesions in organs routinely surveyed and in other areas not routinely assessed by other imaging techniques. The procedure is readily performed and safe. The principal advantage of the test is its ability to survey the entire body and all organs with a single test. Its principal limitation, in common with other diagnostic imaging procedures, is its poor sensitivity for detecting lesions less than 1 cm.
Using the Frontal Assessment Battery to identify executive function impairments in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A preliminary experience

Up to 50% of persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) develop cognitive impairments, particularly of executive function (EF). The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) provides a method for rapid assessment of EF. We investigated the FAB as an assessment of cognitive impairment among 16 subjects with ALS, and evaluated their performance on the FAB and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Raw FAB and MMSE scores were Z-transformed using published age- and education-based norms. FAB Z-scores were significantly lower than MMSE Z-scores (p<0.03). Eight subjects (50%) were impaired (Z ≤ −2) on the FAB while no subjects were impaired on the MMSE. MMSE and FAB scores did not vary as function of disease duration, laterality of onset, or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) scores. Further study of the suitability of the FAB as a domain-specific screening measure of executive dysfunction for ALS is warranted.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Nepa hoffmanni (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepidae)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome (mt-genome) of Nepa hoffmanni has been reported in this study. This mitochondrial genome is 15 774 bp long, with an A + T content of 72.04%, containing the typical 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes) and a control region. All genes are arranged in the same gene order as most other known heteropteran mt-genome. This is the second completely sequenced mt-genome from the family Nepidae of Nepomorpha. Bayesian analyses were performed using the mt-genome of Nepa hoffmanni and its relatives, including 17 taxa, showing a reasonable placement of Nepa hoffmanni.
A Paraconsistentist Approach to Chisholm's Paradox

The Logics of Deontic (In)Consistency (LDI's) can be considered as the deontic counterpart of the paraconsistent logics known as Logics of Formal (In)Consistency. This paper introduces and studies new LDI's and other paraconsistent deontic logics with different properties: systems tolerant to contradictory obligations; systems in which contradictory obligations trivialize; and a bimodal paraconsistent deontic logic combining the features of previous systems. These logics are used to analyze the well-known Chisholm's paradox, taking profit of the fact that, besides contradictory obligations do not trivialize in LDI's, several logical dependencies of classical logic are blocked in the context of LDI's, allowing to dissolve the paradox.
Foraging activity and food preferences of the samsum ant, Pachycondyla sennaarensis.

To grow and reproduce well, animals facing fluctuations in abiotic conditions must adjust their physiology, activity rhythms, and foraging behavior accordingly. The foraging activity and food preferences of the samsum ant Pachycondyla sennaarensis (Mayr) (Hymenoptera Formicidae Ponerinae) were investigated both in the field and in the laboratory. Foraging activity was examined in the field for two years (2008-2009) and through all four seasons. Ant foraging activity was recorded over a twenty-four hour period along with ambient temperature and relative humidity to examine possible correlations with ant activity patterns. The results of the study indicate that foraging activity may be influenced by time, temperature and relative humidity. During the spring, the activity of the workers during the daytime was at a maximum at 12:00 at 16-21 °C and a relative humidity of 52-58%. However, in the summer, when the temperature was generally higher, foraging activity was greater during cooler times of the day and night. Foraging activity decreased during the autumn and winter. The study found no seasonal shifts in food preference in the foraging ants. P. sennaarensis consistently preferred protein and carbohydrate rewards to lipids. However, the results indicated that minced meat was consumed significantly more than other proteinaceous foods. Lipids were generally ignored by P. sennaarensis.