Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Linguistic Prehistory of Southern Africa: Bush, Kwadi, Hottentot, and Bantu Linguistic Relationships

Opening Paragraph The languages dealt with in this paper are Bush ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’, and ‘D’, Kwadi, Hottentot, and about 20 Bantu language groups, comprising more than 50 distinct dialects. It is concerned with pre-Bantu history and the Bush, Kwadi, and Hottentot languages, but material on Bantu is included for the following reasons: (a) The information relevant to a discussion of the peopling of Southern Africa by Bantu-speaking peoples is scattered in the available literature or is not available at all, and, (b) Bantu traditional lore has something to say on the subject of pre-Bantu indigenous peoples of Southern Africa, and there must therefore be some evaluation of the relationship of modern and early Bantu languages and an attempt must be made to define their recent and early traditional language areas. Résumé PRÉHISTOIRE LINGUISTIQUE DU SUD DE L'AFRIQUE: RELATIONS LINGUISTIQUES ENTRE LE BUSH, LE KWADI, LE HOTTENTOT ET LE BANTOU Les langues étudiées dans cet article sont: les Bush ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’ et ‘D’, le Kwadi, le Hottentot et environ 20 groupes de langues bantoues, comprenant plus de 50 dialectes distincts. La tradition historique bantoue nous permet de délimiter l'espace dans lequel le Hottentot et autres langues pourraient s'être développés dans l'isolement relatif dont ils jouissaient. Dans l'est, deux centres d'influence se révèlent, l'un au delà du Zambèze inférieure, quelque part à l'est du Tété, n'ayant pas reçu jusqu'ici l'attention qu'il méritait. Plusieurs centres de dispersion peuvent être déterminés en comparant les dialectes et la façon dont les dialectes et le folklore se sont répartis. Les centres de dispersion dans la région bantoue sont, par exemple: la région du Swaziland-Zoulouland, la région actuelle de Venda et la région de Mafeking-Kourouman-Kimberley. Le folklore et la langue semblent indiquer la présence relativement ancienne d'une peuplade organisée bantoue, le long de l'escarpement de l'est. A une époque postérieure, une peuplade plus primitive et peut-être plus agricole se déplaça vers l'est, le long du Zambèze et vers la côte est. Adjoints à cette dernière, ou peut-être la précédant, se déplacèrent les Bushmen du nord. Les Bantous les plus anciens prirent contact avec les Hottentots qui vivaient soit dans la moitié ouest de la Rhodèsie du Sud, soit dans les hautes régions à l'est du Transvaal. Il a été suggéré que la langue des Hottentots est le produit de l'amalgame d'une langue inconnue (et sans ‘clicks’ ) et de la langue Bush de la Rhodésie du Sud. Ceci résulte de la considération de la différence qui existe entre le vocabulaire de la langue Hottentot Tshu-Khve et le vocabulaire de la langue Hottentot du Cap. Les Bushmen du sud, parlant les langues que nous dénommons les Bush ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’, etc., occupaient l'ouest de la Rhodésie du Sud, et toute la région du sud de l'Afrique qui se trouve au sud du Limpopo, au sud du Zambèze à l'ouest des Chutes de Victoria, et au sud du territoire (U)Mbundu, en Angola.
A virtual memory architecture to enhance STT-RAM performance as main memory

STT-RAM technology is becoming a popular alternative to both SRAM and DRAM. Several studies have proposed to use hybrid or pure STT-RAM architectures as on-chip caches as well as main memory. The main bulk of research targets improving the power consumption of this new memory technology especially due to the power hungry writes. In this paper we present a method to improve the power consumption of STT-RAM when used as a main memory. Our method introduces a novel page replacement policy that can reduce the number of bit write operations and consequently reduce the overall power consumption. This is done by using a simple hashing algorithm to select the target page with the nearest distance. We use a modified 2.6. 32.65 Linux kernel, Gem5 full system simulator and a modified NVMain main memory simulator to evaluate the proposed method. Our implementation was able to achieve up to 54% reduction in power consumption compared to STT-RAM implementations of main memory, and 51% power reduction compared to conventional DRAM implementations.
A Giant Radio Jet Ejected by an Ultramassive Black Hole in a Single-lobed Radio Galaxy

We report the discovery of a very unusual, highly asymmetric radio galaxy whose radio jet, the largest yet detected, emits strongly polarized synchrotron radiation and can be traced all the way from the galactic nucleus to the hot spot located ~440 kpc away. This jet emanates from an extremely massive black hole (>109 M☉) and forms a strikingly compact radio lobe. No radio lobe is detected on the side of the counterjet, even though it is similar to the main jet in brightness up to a scale of tens of kiloparsecs. Thus, contrary to the nearly universal trend, the brightness asymmetry in this radio galaxy increases with distance from the nucleus. With several unusual properties, including a predominantly toroidal magnetic field, this Fanaroff-Riley type II megajet is an exceptionally useful laboratory for testing the role of magnetic field in jet stabilization and radio lobe formation.
Revelation of a new mitochondrial DNA mutation (G12147A) in a MELAS/MERFF phenotype.

BACKGROUND A 26-year-old man presented at onset with the syndrome of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS) and later with a phenotype for MELAS and myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fiber disease (MELAS/MERRF). OBJECTIVE To identify the possible defects in the mitochondrial genome in blood and muscle samples of the patient. DESIGN Case study of a patient clinically exhibiting strokelike episodes and then epilepsy with myoclonic features, ataxia, and dementia. SETTING Research unit of a university hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Electromyographic, morphologic, and biochemical studies of muscle and molecular analysis of blood and muscle to investigate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) size and quantity. RESULTS Morphologically, we found abnormal mitochondrial proliferation with several cytochrome-c oxidase (COX)-negative fibers in muscle biopsy specimens; the analysis of serial sections showed a decreased immunoreactivity for the mtDNA-encoded subunits COXII and, partially, COXI. Biochemically, we found a partial and isolated COX deficiency. The complete mtDNA sequence analysis identified 3 sequence changes, 2 of which were reported polymorphisms. The remaining change, a G12147A transition in the transfer RNA(His) gene, appeared to be the likely pathogenic mutation. CONCLUSIONS Our data propose that the G12147A change, the first mutation in the transfer RNA(His) gene associated with an overlapped MELAS/MERFF phenotype, is the cause of the encephalomyopathy in this patient interfering with the overall mitochondrial protein synthesis.
Cross-Cultural Variation in Infant Motor Development

Emphasis on early identification and remediation of abnormal movement patterns has encouraged pediatric therapists to look beyond pathology to normal development as a template for describing abnormal movement. The motor developmental sequence, an ordinal sequence which forms the basis for most developmental schedules, is frequently the criterion used for comparison of normal and abnormal development. These developmental schedules, however, have been standardized on western European and North American infants. Evidence from anthropological investigations suggests that considerable cross-cultural variation in motor development exists. The intent of this paper is to present specific culturally related examples of motor developmental variation and discuss the possible relationship of infant care practices, environmental stresses and selective factors on early motor behavior. In some cases, variation from North American infants care practices is striking, as is the motor precocity described in some African inf.
Hospitals' adoption of medical device registers: Evidence from the German Arthroplasty Register.

BACKGROUND Hospitals in many countries do not record and analyze artificial hip and knee joint surgeries systematically, leading to a lack of reliable quality assurance data. Arthroplasty registers have the potential to alleviate this and improve quality of care and health care expenditures. In Germany, the current introduction of the Arthroplasty Register acts as a prototype for various medical device registers. However, participation is voluntary for hospitals in most countries, leading to problems with nonadoption. PURPOSE Implementing successful registers requires adoption by most relevant hospitals. Therefore, we assess variables influencing medical device register adoption. METHODOLOGY We collect longitudinal data from 343 hospitals that are potential adopters of the German Arthroplasty Register in two surveys. The first survey on the implementation process is conducted in 2014; the second survey is conducted in 2016 to collect data on actual adoption of the surveyed hospitals in 2014. The survey data are matched with published hospital characteristics and administrative data. The hypotheses are tested with a mediated regression model, using partial least squares structural equation modeling. FINDINGS Hospital specialization positively affects adoption, directly and indirectly, depending on top management support and user involvement. Quality benefits and hospital size impact adoption positively; economic benefits impact adoption negatively. CONCLUSION Important factors influencing adoption of medical device registers for the first time were revealed in this study, providing a starting point to influence adoption proactively and avoid nonadoption. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The results provide important guidelines for decision-makers at hospitals, registers, and health insurance companies and policy makers about how to foster register adoption and encourage hospitals toward adopting medical device registers.
Music of the Future: Italian Theatres and the European Experience of Modernity between Unification and World War One

This article challenges the common idea of Italy’s obsession with Italian music, and with Verdi in particular, an image which supports stereotypes of Italians as narrowly focused on their own national culture, mentally sealed off from what is happening outside the peninsula. Starting from an analysis of the frequently rather mixed or even negative reception of Verdi’s music in Italy, the article outlines the general crisis which affected Italian opera after Unification. One of the responses to this crisis was a remarkable internationalization of the repertoire on the Italian stages. Taking music and opera as an example, the article demonstrates the extent to which Italy articulated its experience of modernity and nation building through a transnational exchange of ideas and a generous reception of European culture.
Transient Non-Native Helix Formation during the Folding of β-Lactoglobulin

In ideal proteins, only native interactions are stabilized step-by-step in a smooth funnel-like energy landscape. In real proteins, however, the transient formation of non-native structures is frequently observed. In this review, the transient formation of non-native structures is described using the non-native helix formation during the folding of β-lactoglobulin as a prominent example. Although β-lactoglobulin is a predominantly β-sheet protein, it has been shown to form non-native helices during the early stage of folding. The location of non-native helices, their stabilization mechanism, and their role in the folding reaction are discussed.
Molecular Analysis as a Tool in the Differential Diagnosis of VHL Disease-Related Tumors

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant tumor syndrome, in which hemangioblastomas (HBs), clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), and pheochromocytomas are the most frequently encountered tumors. The differential diagnosis of dedifferentiated tumors in general can be difficult, as standard histologic and immunohistochemical investigations do not always allow a definitive diagnosis. We used molecular genetic analysis to resolve the differential diagnosis of sarcomatoid RCC versus pheochromocytoma of a (peri)renal tumor in a VHL patient. Germline mutation analysis identified the C407T mutation, which has been related to a VHL phenotype in which pheochromocytomas are rare. Chromosomal imbalances detected in the tumor by CGH showed a pattern typical for RCCs and not for pheochromocytomas. CGH analysis of the multiple tumors of this VHL patient revealed a comparable karyotype in the metastatic tumors and the (peri)renal tumor. Concordantly, although the germline mutation was detected in all analyzed tumors, LOH 3p was only detected in the (peri)renal mass and most metastases. Overall, based on all genetic data, this tumor corroborated a diagnosis of metastatic sarcomatoid RCC. In line with these observations is the immunopositivity for the RCC-specific RC38 detected in the (peri)renal mass and the metastases that was not detected in pheochromocytomas. The RCC specific marker G250 was uninformative as it stains positive in all types of VHL tumors. This case report illustrates the promising role of genetic analysis in the differential diagnosis of histologically dedifferentiated tumors.
Conformational Aspects of Human Formylpeptide Receptor Antagonists

Summary The conformation of several Phe-D-Leu-Phe-D-Leu-Phe analogues was analyzed using infrared absorption and circular dichroism. Their effect on human neutrophils was verified by receptor binding and chemotaxis assays. The results demonstrate that the compounds examined prefer an ordered conformation (β-turn) in amphipatic environment, and that they are able to antagonize the neutrophil functions evoked by CHO-Met-Leu-Phe.
A Comparison of Signal Based Music Recommendation to Genre Labels, Collaborative Filtering, Musicological Analysis, Human Recommendation and Random Baseline

The emergence of the Internet as today’s primary medium of music distribution has brought about demands for fast and reliable ways to organize, access, and discover music online. To date, many applications designed to perform such tasks have risen to popularity; each relies on a specific form of music metadata to help consumers discover songs and artists that appeal to their tastes. Very few of these applications, however, analyze the signal waveforms of songs directly. This low-level representation can provide dimensions of information that are inaccessible by metadata alone. To address this issue, we have implemented signalbased measures of musical similarity that have been optimized based on their correlations with human judgments. Furthermore, multiple recommendation engines relying on these measures have been implemented. These systems recommend songs to volunteers based on other songs they find appealing. Blind experiments have been conducted in which volunteers rate the systems’ recommendations along with recommendations of leading online music discovery tools (Allmusic which uses genre labels, Pandora which uses musicological analysis, and Last.fm which uses collaborative filtering), random baseline recommendations, and personal recommendations by the first author. This paper shows that the signal-based engines perform about as well as popular, commercial, state-of-the-art systems.
Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain with or without fibromyalgia: psychological distress in a representative community adult sample.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the severity of depression, anxiety, and other symptoms of psychological distress in a representative general population sample of fibromyalgia (FM) cases (FC) compared to pain controls (PC), and to identify strong correlates of depression and anxiety. METHODS We compared the severity of depression, anxiety, and other symptoms of psychological distress between 2 representative community samples: (1) 74 confirmed FC, and (2) 48 adults with chronic widespread pain (PC) who did not meet the 1990 ACR criteria for FM. Psychological distress was measured using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and other measures of psychological distress from the literature. Using cutoff scores for CES-D and trait anxiety, we compared demographic and clinical characteristics in those above and below each cutoff score. Simple linear regression was performed to identify factors strongly and independently correlated with depression and trait anxiety. RESULTS Compared to PC, FC were more symptomatic on virtually all measures of psychological distress. Similarly, individuals who scored above cutoff scores for depression and anxiety had more physical symptoms and had poorer function than those below. Depression and trait anxiety were highly correlated (r = 0.86). In a simple regression model, the best predictors for both depression and trait anxiety were the total number of symptoms and a physical disability score. CONCLUSION Depression and anxiety are common and frequently severe even among community cases of FM.
A distributed model of the structuration of information technology in organizations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a distributed model of structuration of information technology (IT) in organizations to complement the collective that dominates the application of structuration theory to organizational phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on secondary qualitative data to specify how differences among people's practices with and around IT determine the effect of IT in organizations. Findings – The paper provides an analytical framework to extend the structuration theory of IT in organizations that can also explain differences among people's use of IT and track their consequences for the effect of IT in organizations. Research limitations/implications – This paper extends the theory of the structuration of IT so that it can take into account the effect of the different ways in which people use IT at work. Practical implications – This paper underscores the increase adaptability that managers can build during IT implementation by taking advantage of th.
Self-Monitoring zur Unterstützung des Transfers einer Schulung in Selbstregulation für Studierende

Zusammenfassung: Die Nutzung selbstregulativer Strategien wird als wichtige Kompetenz angesehen. Aufbauend auf einer Integration des allgemeinen Modells der Selbstregulation nach Zimmerman und Bandura, des Handlungsphasenmodells von Heckhausen und des Lernprozessmodells von Schmitz und Wiese wird eine kurze Schulung in Lern- und Volitionsstrategien fur Studenten entwickelt. Um den Effekt der Schulung zu verstarken und den Transfer auf das alltagliche Lernverhalten zu steigern, werden standardisierte Tagebucher eingesetzt, mit denen das tagliche Lernverhalten erfragt und zur Selbstbeobachtung und Selbstreflexion angeregt werden soll. Die Effektivitat des Trainings wird bei einer Stichprobe von Studenten der Wirtschaftswissenschaften mittels Kontrollgruppendesign uberpruft. Dabei zeigen die Ergebnisse Wirkungen fur metakognitive/ressourcen-orientierte und volitionale Strategien. Eine prozessuale Uberprufung weist steigende Trends fur Lernstrategien und volitionale Variablen nach. Insgesamt erscheint der Ver.
Wideband Channel Characterization for Low-Elevation Satellites in L-Band

The results of a wideband measurement campaign carried out at L-band in order to characterize the receiver end of the radio link between satellites with elevations lower than 5$^{\circ}$ and mobile receivers are summarized in this paper. A swept time-delay cross-correlation (STDCC) channel sounder with 1.675-GHz carrier frequency and 12.5-ns delay resolution was used to obtain complex low-pass impulse responses of the propagation channel in urban, suburban, rural, lightly wooded, and heavily wooded environments. Delay spreads and coherence bandwidths have been obtained and studied according to three different propagation conditions. Results show how shadowing and blockage together with the propagation environment impact on the delay spread and the coherence bandwidth.
Collective Leadership: Thinking About Issues Vis-à-Vis Others

We have long recognized that leadership is a distinctly social phenomenon. As Yammarino, Salas, Serban, Shirreffs, and Shuffler (2012) pointed out, in studies of leadership our focus has more often than not been on the leader rather than the social context in which leadership occurs. The significance, substantively, of collectivistic approaches to leadership is that they all, in one way or another, attempt to take others into consideration in attempts to account for leader performance (Yammarino et al., 2012). Yammarino and colleagues summarized the main approaches and their consequences for science and practice well. However, in this commentary we would like to highlight a few important points we feel were missed in the discussion of the collective leadership model (Friedrich, Vessey, Schuelke, Ruark, & Mumford, 2009).
Symptoms of Anxiety in Older Adults with Depression, Dementia, or Psychosis: A Principal Component Analysis of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory

Aims: The primary aim of this study was to examine anxiety symptoms as measured by the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) in older patients with depression, dementia, or psychotic disorders. The secondary aim was to conduct a principal component analysis (PCA) of the GAI and to examine whether its subscales differ between the 3 disorders. Methods: We included data from 428 patients who were admitted to a department of geriatric psychiatry and examined according to a standardized protocol. The GAI was used to measure current anxiety symptoms. Results: The GAI symptoms occurred more frequently in the group with depression than in the other 2 groups. The PCA of the GAI with oblimin rotation resulted in a 2-component solution, labelled as “worries” (explained variance 46.3%, Cronbach's α 0.92) and “physical symptoms” (explained variance 7.1%, Cronbach's α 0.85). Conclusion: The results indicate that in old age, anxiety is especially prevalent in depression. The 2-component solution indicates that the GAI measures 2 different aspects of anxiety with different symptomatology.
EFFICIENT DESIGN OF STATIC ANALYSIS TOOL FOR DETECTING WEB VULNERABILITIES

The number and the importance of web applications have increased rapidly over the last years. At the same time, the quantity and impact of security vulnerabilities in such applications have grown as well. Since manual code reviews are time-consuming, error prone and costly, the need for automated solutions has become evident. Many web applications written in ASP suffer from injection vulnerabilities, and static analysis makes it possible to track down these vulnerabilities before they are exposed on the web. In this paper, we address the problem of vulnerable web applications by means of static source code analysis. To this end, we propose a new technique to detect XSS attacks and SQL injection vulnerabilities based on taint analysis, It tracks various kinds of external input, tags taint types, constructing control flow graph is constructed based on the use of data flow analysis of the relevant information, taint data propagate to various kinds of vulnerability functions, and detect the XSS or SQL Injection vulnerability in web application’s source code. Results show the benefits of the tool in identifying potential security vulnerabilities.