Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Traffic Parameters Extraction Method Using Time-Spatial Image Based on Multicameras

Based on the traffic monitoring system consisting of image processing units (IPUs), network communication, and data fusion server, this paper proposes an approach for the extraction of traffic parameters in the highway based on time-spatial image and data fusion. This system used a simple method to install cameras, which can capture the video images from the left to the right perspectives synchronously, for the sake of reducing the influence from vehicles height or width by fusing the image plane information of multicameras. Firstly, based on the synchronous and adaptive camera calibration method, images from different cameras are projected onto a same world coordinate, which is a top view picture of the same detecting region. Secondly, in order to improve the environment adaptability, an advanced method of time-spatial image is proposed to extract traffic information. At the same time, through network communication, traffic information picked up by each camera is transformed to the SDF timely. Finally, combined with probability fusion map, SDF fuses information grabbed by all cameras to improve the accuracy of traffic parameters extraction. The experimental results show that the proposed method can be implemented quickly and accurately either in crowed state or in fluent state.
JoinUs: Management of Mobile Social Networks for Pervasive Collaboration

Billions of users carry mobile phones nowadays. However, few of them use the phones in more interesting ways than just phone call. In this work, we will present a system design and a proof-of-concept implementation that allows pervasive collaboration among cell phone users using a mobile social network. Our idea is to use new resources available at smart phones to exploit principles of spatial locality (geographical area), temporal locality (instant warning) and interest matching (personal interest on the subject) in order to engage a number of users to collaborate on mini-tasks, also called mini-campaigns that build up spontaneous ldquoflash mobs".
Managing Ambiguity in Mode Inferencing

The inferred mode protocol is designed to determine a user’s intention in stylus interfaces with the goal of eliminating the mode problem. To accomplish this task, the system reasons using characteristics of a user’s action and features extracted from image material to determine whether a user’s gesture constitutes selection or inking. However, in many situations, uni-modal pen interfaces do not provide sufficient information to determine, unambiguously, a user’s intention. In this work, we describe our on-going research in the use of additional modalities to eliminate ambiguities that exist in the inferred mode protocol. We describe systems that incorporate stylus orientation and stylus pressure into the determination of user intention. We outline the results of a series of pilot studies analyzing the usability of these techniques. As well, we describe prototype applications developed as a result of these user trials.
Criteria for the evaluation of implemented architectures

Software architecture evaluation methods aim at identifying potential maintainability problems for a given architecture. Several of these methods exist, which typically prescribe the structure of the evaluation process. Often left implicit, however, are the concrete system attributes that need to be studied in order to assess the maintainability of implemented architectures. To determine this set of attributes, we have performed an empirical study on over 40 commercial architectural evaluations conducted during the past two years as part of a systematic “Software Risk Assessment”. We present this study and we explain how the identified attributes can be projected on various architectural system properties, which provides an overview of criteria for the evaluation of the maintainability of implemented software architectures.
Ligand Binding and Signaling of Dendritic Cell Immunoreceptor (DCIR) Is Modulated by the Glycosylation of the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain

C-type lectins are innate receptors expressed on antigen-presenting cells that are involved in the recognition of glycosylated pathogens and self-glycoproteins. Upon ligand binding, internalization and/or signaling often occur. Little is known on the glycan specificity and ligands of the Dendritic Cell Immunoreceptor (DCIR), the only classical C-type lectin that contains an intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). Here we show that purified DCIR binds the glycan structures Lewisb and Man3. Interestingly, binding could not be detected when DCIR was expressed on cells. Since DCIR has an N-glycosylation site inside its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), we investigated the effect of this glycan in ligand recognition. Removing or truncating the glycans present on purified DCIR increased the affinity for DCIR-binding glycans. Nevertheless, altering the glycosylation status of the DCIR expressing cell or mutating the N-glycosylation site of DCIR itself did not increase glycan binding. In contrast, cis and trans interactions with glycans induced DCIR mediated signaling, resulting in a decreased phosphorylation of the ITIM sequence. These results show that glycan binding to DCIR is influenced by the glycosylation of the CRD region in DCIR and that interaction with its ligands result in signaling via its ITIM motif.
Pupil size and retinal straylight in the normal eye.

PURPOSE Glare problems originating from bright lights are generally experienced more strongly at night. The typical disability glare is known to result from retinal straylight. In this study, the effects of pupil diameter and, especially in the case of small pupils, of eye wall translucency on the amount of retinal straylight were investigated. METHODS Straylight was measured as a function of pupil diameter ranging from 1.3 to >8 mm in five normal subjects by using a white-light, CRT-based system for scattering angles of 3.5 degrees , 7 degrees , and 14 degrees . In the study of red-free light, a yellow-LED based system was used with the same five subjects for scattering angles of 3.5 degrees , 10 degrees , and 28 degrees . Data were analyzed to assess effects of (1) inhomogeneity of light-scattering over the pupil plane, (2) translucency of the eye wall, and (3) effects of the periphery of the lens. To estimate the order of magnitude of pupil contraction in the typical glare situation, pupil reflexes resulting from the sudden appearance of headlight-equivalent bright lights were recorded in three subjects in a laboratory environment. RESULTS For natural pupils (between 2 and 7 mm diameter), straylight weakly depends on pupil diameter (within 0.2 log units). For large scatter angles and small pupil diameters, eye wall translucency contributes significantly to straylight in a wavelength- and pigmentation-dependent manner. Pupil diameters decreased to photopic values under typical night-driving glare conditions. CONCLUSIONS In normal eyes, straylight values measured with photopic pupils are by approximation also valid for mesopic and scotopic pupils, such as in night driving. Measurement of straylight under large angle and small pupil conditions can be used for quantitative assessment of eye wall translucency.
The Subunit Structure and Dynamics of the 20S Proteasome in Chicken Skeletal Muscle*

We have succeeded in purifying the 20S core proteasome particle from less than 1 g of skeletal muscle in a rapid process involving two chromatographic steps. The individual subunits were readily resolved by two-dimensional PAGE, and the identities of each of the 14 subunits were assigned by a combination of peptide mass fingerprinting and MS/MS/de novo sequencing. To assess the dynamics of proteasome biogenesis, chicks were fed a diet containing stable isotope-labeled valine, and the rate of incorporation of label into valine-containing peptides derived from each subunit was assessed by mass spectrometric analysis after two-dimensional separation. Peptides containing multiple valine residues from the 20S proteasome and other soluble muscle proteins were analyzed to yield the relative isotope abundance of the precursor pool, a piece of information that is essential for calculation of turnover parameters. The rates of synthesis of each subunit are rather similar, although there is evidence for high turnover subunits in both the α (nonproteolytic) and β (proteolytic) rings. The variability in synthesis rate for the different subunits is consistent with a model in which some subunits are produced in excess, whereas others may be the rate-limiting factor in the concentration of 20S subunits in the cell. The ability to measure turnover rates of proteins on a proteome-wide scale in protein assemblies and in a complex organism provides a new dimension to the understanding of the dynamic proteome.
Robust and high-mobility walking control for uneven terrain without zero-moment-point feedback

This paper introduces a novel control system of bipedal robots on uneven terrain. Since this method does not require to measure Zero Moment Point (ZMP), the tracking performance of the controller is not deteriorated by the noise on a measured ZMP. Moreover, the robot withstands frequent perturbations because of its two-degree-of-freedom structure. The robot is stabilized by Center of Mass (COM) regulation while the ZMP is implicitly designed by using a multi-rate controller. In addition, the foot placement is adaptively determined by predicting the ZMP position to establish stepping responses to perturbations. The performance of the proposed method is tested by using a robot programed accordingly.
SOAP: short oligonucleotide alignment program

SUMMARY We have developed a program SOAP for efficient gapped and ungapped alignment of short oligonucleotides onto reference sequences. The program is designed to handle the huge amounts of short reads generated by parallel sequencing using the new generation Illumina-Solexa sequencing technology. SOAP is compatible with numerous applications, including single-read or pair-end resequencing, small RNA discovery and mRNA tag sequence mapping. SOAP is a command-driven program, which supports multi-threaded parallel computing, and has a batch module for multiple query sets. AVAILABILITY http://soap.genomics. org.cn.
Jump flooding in GPU with applications to Voronoi diagram and distance transform

This paper studies jump flooding as an algorithmic paradigm in the general purpose computation with GPU. As an example application of jump flooding, the paper discusses a constant time algorithm on GPU to compute an approximation to the Voronoi diagram of a given set of seeds in a 2D grid. The errors due to the differences between the approximation and the actual Voronoi diagram are hardly noticeable to the naked eye in all our experiments. The same approach can also compute in constant time an approximation to the distance transform of a set of seeds in a 2D grid. In practice, such constant time algorithm is useful to many interactive applications involving, for example, rendering and image processing. Besides the experimental evidences, this paper also confirms quantitatively the effectiveness of jump flooding by analyzing the occurrences of errors. The analysis is a showcase of insights to the jump flooding paradigm, and may be of independent interests to other applications of jump flooding.
Does social support protect against recognition of angry facial expressions following failure?

Herein we examined the ability of perceived social support to modulate the recognition of facial expressions. Specifically, we hypothesised that perceived social support would serve as a “protective lens”, biasing individuals against recognition of angry faces and towards recognizing happy ones. Experimentally inducing failure and success in a performance task, we examined both main and interactive effects of perceived social support. Under experimentally induced failure, perceived social support was negatively associated with recognizing angry emotional face expression. Interestingly, we also found a trend toward a positive association between perceived social support and recognition of happy facial expression, irrespective of the failure/success experimental manipulation. These findings elucidate a potential link between social/personality and cognitive processes underlying the perception of emotional facial expression.
Classification ensembles for shaft test data: empirical evaluation

A-scans from ultrasonic testing of long shafts are complex signals. The discrimination of different types of echoes is of importance for nondestructive testing and equipment maintenance. Research has focused on selecting features of physical significance or exploring classifier like artificial neural networks and support vector machines. This paper confirms the observation that there seems to be uncorrelated errors among the variants explored in the past, and therefore an ensemble of classifiers is to achieve better discrimination accuracy. We explore the diverse possibilities of heterogeneous and homogeneous ensembles, combination techniques, feature extraction methods and classifiers types and determine guidelines for heterogeneous combinations that result in superior performance.
Handling Big(ger) Logs: Connecting ProM 6 to Apache Hadoop

Within process mining the main goal is to support the analysis, improvement and apprehension of business processes. Numerous process mining techniques have been developed with that purpose. The majority of these techniques use conventional computation models and do not apply novel scalable and distributed techniques. In this paper we present an integrative framework connecting the process mining framework ProM with the distributed computing environment Apache Hadoop. The integration allows for the execution of MapReduce jobs on any Apache Hadoop cluster enabling practitioners and researchers to explore and develop scalable and distributed process mining approaches. Thus, the new approach enables the application of different process mining techniques to events logs of several hundreds of gigabytes. Keywords: Process mining, Big Data, scalability, distributed computing, ProM, Apache Hadoop
Body mass index and acute kidney injury in the acute respiratory distress syndrome

Objectives:Obesity is increasingly encountered in intensive care units but the relationship between obesity and acute kidney injury is unclear. We aimed to evaluate whether body mass index was associated with acute kidney injury in the acute respiratory distress syndrome and to examine the association between acute kidney injury and mortality in patients with and without obesity. Design:Retrospective study. Setting:Massachusetts General Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Patients:Seven hundred fifty-one patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:Acute kidney injury was defined as meeting the “Risk” category according to modified Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage criteria based on creatinine and glomerular filtration rate because urine output was only available on the day of intensive care unit admission. Body mass index was calculated from height and weight at intensive care unit admission. The prevalence of acute kidney injury increased significantly with increasing weight (p = .01). The odds of acute kidney injury were twice in obese and severely obese patients compared to patients with normal body mass index, after adjusting for predictors of acute kidney injury (age, diabetes, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III, aspiration, vasopressor use, and thrombocytopenia [platelets ⩽ 80,000/mm3]). After adjusting for the same predictors, body mass index was significantly associated with acute kidney injury (odds ratioadj 1.20 per 5 kg/m2 increase in body mass index, 95% confidence interval 1.07–1.33). On multivariate analysis, acute kidney injury was associated with increased acute respiratory distress syndrome mortality (odds ratioadj 2.76, 95% confidence interval 1.72–4.42) whereas body mass index was associated with decreased mortality (odds ratioadj 0.81 per 5 kg/m2 increase in body mass index, 95% confidence interval 0.71–0.93) after adjusting for mortality predictors. Conclusions:In acute respiratory distress syndrome patients, obesity is associated with increased development of acute kidney injury, which is not completely explained by severity of illness or shock. Although increased body mass index is associated with decreased mortality, acute kidney injury remained associated with higher mortality even after adjusting for body mass index.
Racial Disparities in Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment Rate for Stroke: A Population-Based Study

Background and Purpose— Some prior studies have shown that racial disparities exist in intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) use for acute ischemic stroke. We sought to determine whether race was associated with tPA treatment for stroke in a predominantly black urban population. Methods— Systematic chart abstraction was performed on consecutive hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke from all 7 acute care hospitals in the District of Columbia from February 1, 2008, to January 31, 2009. Results— Of 1044 patients with ischemic stroke, 74% were black, 19% non-Hispanic white, and 5% received intravenous tPA. Blacks were one third less likely than whites to receive intravenous tPA (3% versus 10%, P<0.001). However, blacks were also less likely than whites to present within 3 hours of symptom onset (13% versus 21%, P=0.004) and also less likely to be tPA-eligible (5% versus 13%, P<0.001). Of those who presented within 3 hours, blacks were almost half as likely to be treated with intravenous tPA than whites (27% versus 46%, P=0.023). The treatment rate for tPA-eligible patients was similar for blacks and whites (70% versus 76%, P=0.62). Conclusions— In this predominantly black urban population hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke, blacks were significantly less likely to be treated with intravenous tPA due to contraindications to treatment, delayed presentation, and stroke severity. Effective interventions designed to increase treatment in this population need to focus on culturally relevant education programs designed to address barriers specific to this population.
Laparoscopic Transcystic Common Bile Duct Exploration in the Elderly is as Effective and Safe as in Younger Patients.

BACKGROUND Choledocholithiasis represents a greater proportion of gallstone in the elderly. Elderly patients have more comorbidity, which could increase the operative risk and postoperative complications. However, no study has focused on the effect and safety of laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration (LTCBDE) in elderly patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether LTCBDE can be performed effectively and safely in elderly patients. METHODS This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent LTCBDE for choledocholithiasis performed from January 2010 to December 2012. Patients of age 70 or older were included in the elderly group. The rest integrated the younger group. Demographic data and perioperative parameters were compared between groups. RESULTS From January 2010 to December 2012, 171 patients admitted for choledocholithiasis and gallstone attempted a single-step treatment combining LTCBDE and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There were 104 women (60.8%) and 67 men (39.2%) with a median age of 57 (range 24-87) years. Elderly patients had significantly more preoperative risk factors. However, there was no significant difference in the success rate of LTCBDE (96.9% versus 92.7%, P = .142) for the two groups. The operative time was a little longer in elderly group than in younger group: median 80 (60-110) minutes versus 70 (50-95) minutes, respectively (P < .001). Postoperative recovery was slower in elderly group than in younger group, as reflected by a longer median postoperative hospital stay (2 days versus 1 day, P < .001) and a higher rate of abdominal drain placed (17.1% versus 8.5%, P = .202). The rates of postoperative complications at discharge were similar between groups (3.0% versus 4.9%, P = .952). CONCLUSION LTCBDE in the elderly patients is as effective and safe as in younger patients.
Communities of Play: Emergent Cultures in Multiplayer Games and Virtual Worlds

Communities of Play: Emergent Cultures in Multiplayer Games and Virtual Worlds Celia Pearce and Artemesia Cambridge, MA. : MIT Press, 2009. Forwards, illustrations, references, index. 327 pp. $29.95 cloth. ISBN: 9780262162579Celia Pearce's Communities of Play is a fascinating, wide-ranging study relevant to anyone interested in online games and worlds, ethnography, or game studies. The book tells the story of a group of players who originally met in the massively multiplayer online game (MMO) Uru Prologue and their efforts to stay together after the game closed. This work is significant for three major reasons. First, it is a study of the processes that give rise to emergent behavior in MMOs, a topic of relevance to both game designers and sociologists. Second, the book is also one of very few studies addressing how a virtual world's closing affects its players. Finally, it contains an insightful analysis of the perks and perils of doing ethnography in an online community, an analysis that is invaluable for anyone considering a similar project.Uru Prologue was intended as the beta test for Uru Live, an MMO set in the popular Myst universe. Uru Live was canceled before release, however, and Uru Prologue closed on February 9, 2004. This closure marked both the end of the beta test, the cancellation of Uru Live, and the birth of what Pearce refers to as the "Uru Diaspora," a group of players who now inhabit other online spaces but still identify as Uru-vians (p. 93). The book focuses on how one particular group of players known as "The Gathering of Uru" (TGU) reacted to the closing and attempted to stay together.One notable theoretical tool Pearce defines early in the book is a continuum of online game types, with "fixed-synthetic worlds" (such as Uru and World of Warcraft) at one end and "co-created worlds" (such as There.com and Second Life) at the other. In the former, users have few content-creation tools, while the latter emphasize user-created content. Pearce's continuum provides a useful means of analyzing how the emergent social behavior occurring in an MMO is shaped by the affordances and constraints placed on the player. (Here "emergence" refers to a phenomenon whereby complex systems organize themselves and act in unpredictable ways, while "affordances and constraints" refer to what a given MMO does and does not allow its users to do.) For members of the TGU, the affordances of co-created worlds such as There.com and Second Life enabled them to re-create environments and objects from Uru Prologue in other virtual worlds. Pearce's identification of this phenomenon offers game designers insight into how a virtual world can be designed to support varying kinds of emergent behavior among the players. …
Computational situation theory

Situation theory has been developed over the last decade and various versions of the theory have been applied to a number of linguistic issues. However, not much work has been done in regard to its computational aspects. In this paper, we review the existing approaches towards 'computational situation theory' with considerable emphasis on our own research.