Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving and Evaluating Differential Fault Analysis on LED with Algebraic Techniques

This paper proposes a fault analysis technique on LED by combining algebraic cryptanalysis and differential fault analysis (DFA). The technique is called algebraic differential fault analysis (ADFA). In ADFA on LED, we use DFA to deduce the possible fault differences of the correct and faulty S-Box input in the last round, and convert them into algebraic equations. We then combine the equation set of LED with the injected fault and use the CryptoMiniSat solver to recover the secret key. Our experiments show that, on a common PC, ADFA can succeed on LED under the nibble-based fault model within three minutes and with only one fault injection, which is more efficient than previous DFA work. To evaluate DFA on LED, we first propose an improved evaluation algorithm of DFA, then provide a modified ADFA approach to compute the solutions for the secret key. The results are more accurate than previous work. We also successfully extend ADFA on LED to other fault models using a single fault injection, where traditional DFAs are difficult to launch.
On Optimizing Operator Fusion Plans for Large-Scale Machine Learning in SystemML

Many machine learning (ML) systems allow the specification of ML algorithms by means of linear algebra programs, and automatically generate efficient execution plans. The opportunities for fused operators---in terms of fused chains of basic operators---are ubiquitous, and include fewer materialized intermediates, fewer scans of inputs, and sparsity exploitation across operators. However, existing fusion heuristics struggle to find good plans for complex operator DAGs or hybrid plans of local and distributed operations. In this paper, we introduce an exact yet practical cost-based optimization framework for fusion plans and describe its end-to-end integration into Apache SystemML. We present techniques for candidate exploration and selection of fusion plans, as well as code generation of local and distributed operations over dense, sparse, and compressed data. Our experiments in SystemML show end-to-end performance improvements of up to 22x, with negligible compilation overhead.
BOSENTAN THERAPY FOR PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

A BSTRACT Background Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor and smooth-muscle mitogen. In a preliminary study, the orally administered dual endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan improved exercise capacity and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. The present trial investigated the effect of bosentan on exercise capacity in a larger number of patients and compared two doses. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we randomly assigned 213 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (primary or associated with connective-tissue disease) to receive placebo or to receive 62.5 mg of bosentan twice daily for 4 weeks followed by either of two doses of bosentan (125 or 250 mg twice daily) for a minimum of 12 weeks. The primary end point was the degree of change in exercise capacity. Secondary end points included the change in the Borg dyspnea index, the change in the World Health Organization (WHO) functional class, and the time to clinical worsening. Results At week 16, patients treated with bosentan had an improved six-minute walking distance; the mean difference between the placebo group and the combined bosentan groups was 44 m (95 percent confidence interval, 21 to 67; P<0.001). Bosentan also improved the Borg dyspnea index and WHO functional class and increased the time to clinical worsening. Conclusions The endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan is beneficial in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and is well tolerated at a dose of 125 mg twice daily. Endothelin-receptor antagonism with oral bosentan is an effective approach to therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. (N Engl J Med 2002;346:896-903.)
Septicemic Salmonellosis in Pre Weaned Calves Caused by Salmonella dublin

| This report describes clinical, macro and microscopic changes observed in an outbreak of septicemic salmonellosis in pre-weaned calves caused by Salmonella. The necropsy of calves was performed and gross lesions were identified and characterized. The differential diagnosis included hemoparasites (Anaplasma, Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis and Ehrlichia spp.), Leptospira and Escherichia coli. The course of infection was three days from the moment calves got sick until death. Some of the clinical signs included apathy, reduced solid food ingestion, hyperthermia and mucosal congestion. Postmortem findings were mostly congestion of oral, ocular and rectal mucosa; petechiae were observed in the vaginal, bladder and sublingual mucosa, serosa of the rumen, reticulum, omasum and small intestine; the lungs were congested. Microscopic examination of the lung was characterized by inflammatory infiltration mostly of neutrophils, fibrin and moderate multifocal haemorrhagic alveolar and bronchial lumen. Vasculitis, necrosis and thrombosis in the liver, gallbladder, spleen, and hypophysis were also observed. Salmonellosis is an important disease of dairy cattle resulting in increased morbidity and mortality of affected animals. This report offers a better understanding of the clinical and pathological characteristics of the disease and demonstrates the importance of diagnostic approaches in cases of Salmonella dublin infections.
ANÁLISIS FACTORIAL CONFIRMATORIO DE LOS PRINCIPALES MODELOS PROPUESTOS PARA EL PURPOSE-IN-LIFE TEST EN UNA MUESTRA DE UNIVERSITARIOS ESPAÑOLES

In recent years several papers have examined the structure of the Purpose-In-Life Test, which measures the achievement of meaning in life from the approach of logotherapy, having found heterogeneous results. The aim of this study was to test different models proposed in previous literature with a sample of 766 Spanish undergraduates (220 males, 546 females) from two universities of the Valencia Community (Spain), aged between 18 and 36 (M = 21.96; SD = 3.56). Confirmatory factor analysis of these models was conducted. The adjustment values and the factorial structures obtained were compared, finding empirical support for three bi-factorial models.
Optimum packet length masking

Application level traffic classification has been addressed in demonstrated recently based on statistical features of packet flows. Among the most significant characteristics is packet length. Even ciphered flows leak information about their content through the sequence of packet length values. There are obvious ways to destroy such side information, e.g. by setting all packet at maximum allowed length. This approach could ential an extremely large overhead, which makes it impractical. There is room to investigate the optimal trade-off between overhead/complexity of packet length masking and suppression of information leakage about flow content through packet length values. In this work we characterize the optimum first order statistical padding technique which guarantees indistinguishability of different application flows. We also discuss how to account for subsequent packet length correlation. Numerical results are shown with reference to real network traffic traces, specifically flows of HTTP, POP3, SSH, and FTP (control session) traffic.
Pedophilia and Its (Non-) Association with Physical Height among Sex Offenders

Developmental indicators, including physical height, have been suggested to provide biological etiological support. The present study examines the association between physical height and pedophilia, using non-phallometric pedophilic indicators with a sample of 179 sex offenders. Unlike previous empirical endeavors, no significant findings or trends emerged in support of an association between pedophilic interests and physical height. The association between height and pedophilia remains queried, suggesting height may not be a relevant pedophilogenic factor.
Aspects of T . N . Thiele ’ s Contributions to Statistics

T. N. Thiele (1838–1910) was a Danish astronomer, actuary, applied mathematician, and statistician. He was an original mind with numerous deep and original contributions to statistics that typically were too far ahead of his time to be appreciated by his contempories. He was professor of Astronomy at the University of Copenhagen from 1875 until 1907. He was actively involved in the process of founding the life insurance company Hafnia in 1972, the Danish Mathematical Society in 1973, and the Danish Society of Actuaries in 1901. Hald (1981) gives an excellent and thorough description of his main contributions to statistics together with biographical and other information, see also Hald (1998). Below we give a brief overview of his main contributions and describe and discuss a few of his less well known, but original and important ideas.
Social psychology and plea bargaining: Applications, methodology, and theory.

Two experiments with male subjects were conducted to investigate the plea bargaining process. Experiment 1 used a role-playing procedure to identify variables that affect the acceptance of a plea bargain. Eighteen percent of the subjects playing the role of innocent defendants accepted the plea bargain, whereas 83% of the guilty defendants accepted. Two other main effects revealed that defendants were more likely to accept a plea bargain when relatively many charges had been filed against them and/or when the severity of punishment upon conviction was great, although internal analyses revealed that these effects were present in guilty defendants only. Experiment 2 was conducted using involved participants to provide validation for the major result of Experiment 1. Students were made to be innocent or guilty of having prior information about an exam. All were accused of having used prior information and were given an opportunity to plea bargain rather than face an ethics committee. In accord with Experiment 1, guilty students accepted the plea bargain significantly more often than innocent students. Results are discussed in terms of information differences between innocent and guilty defendants and the availability heuristic. Implications of the data for the criminal justice system are discussed, as are limitations of the present approach and suggestions for further research on plea bargaining.
Stylized haloed outlines on the GPU

Methods to emphasize outlines form a major branch of nonphotorealistic rendering. Recently, McGuire and Hughes [2004] have demonstrated how to render stylized outline strokes entirely with graphics hardware, extending an approach proposed by Card and Mitchell [2002]. To this end, not only the original 3D mesh but also additional geometry is sent to the graphics card. The additional geometry contains degenerated quadrangles along all edges of the original mesh. A special vertex shader tests for each edge if it forms a border between a frontand a back-facing polygon. If so, the zero-area quadrangle is extruded into a visible fin.
Review: Current directions of biologic therapies in inflammatory bowel disease

Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases which can be difficult to control with conventional therapies. A greater understanding of their pathophysiology has led to new therapies that target specific molecules of the inflammatory cascade. Three anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibodies have been developed. Infliximab and adalimumab can induce clinical response and sustained remission in CD. Infliximab is also effective in UC. Certolizumab pegol gives good short-term results but long-term efficacy has yet to be determined in other clinical trials. Therapies that target leucocyte trafficking (anti-integrins) have also been developed and are associated with good clinical response in CD. Natalizumab (anti-α4 integrin antibody) is associated with important side effects and is not used anymore in gastroenterology in Europe but is still used in the USA. Vedolizumab (MLN0002), an anti-α4β7 integrin antibody, has a good efficacy and safety profile. Monoclonal antibodies targeting other cytokines are also under development. For example, ustekinumab (CNTO 1275) inhibits interleukins 12 and 23. It is associated with a good clinical response in CD.
Understanding Formative Assessment Insights from Learning Theory and Measurement Theory

This paper explores formative assessment, a process intended to yield information about student learning—information that teachers can use to shape instruction to meet students’ needs and that students can use to better understand and advance their learning. This purpose—promoting learning by informing instruction—distinguishes it from other kinds of student assessment, such as diagnostic, which is used to identify students who have special learning needs, or sum-
Relationship between Symptoms and Quality of Life in a Sarcoidosis Population

Background: As sarcoidosis is a multisytemic disorder, patients may suffer from various symptoms. The relationship between frequently reported symptoms and quality of life (QOL) has not yet been studied. Objectives: The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the predictive value of the most frequently reported subjective symptoms on QOL after controlling for demographic variables and clinical parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at an outpatient pulmonary clinic in Zagreb, Croatia. One hundred and fifty outpatients with sarcoidosis were seen between January 2002 and May 2004. Symptoms were assessed with a symptom inventory questionnaire, and QOL was measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument. Clinical parameters were derived from the patients’ medical files. Regression analyses were performed to examine the predictive value of symptoms on QOL. Results: The four most frequently mentioned symptoms were fatigue, breathlessness, reduced exercise capacity and arthralgia. In various combinations, being female, using corticosteroids and fatigue predicted the QOL domains physical and psychological health as well as level of independence. Con- clusions: Fatigue appeared to be the most important symptom in predicting various QOL domains after controlling for demographics, disease stage and clinical parameters. Therefore, considering improvement in the patients’ QOL, it is recommended to focus not only on objective health parameters, but also on fatigue in the management of sarcoidosis.
Expression profile of cytokines in gastric cancer patients using proteomic antibody microarray

Gastric cancer (GC) is often a deadly disease due to the late diagnosis and chemoresistance that characterizes many cases of this disease. The aim of this study was to explore a panel of candidate cytokines as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for GC. Sixteen tissue samples of GC and adjacent noncancerous mucosa were selected from GC patients (n=8) for antibody microarray analysis. Proteomic chip-based analysis was performed to simultaneously identify 507 cytokines using a cytokine antibody array in the gastric tissues to screen for differential proteins related in cases of GC. Fold changes of protein expression >2.0 or <0.5 were considered significant. The proteins that showed significant differences in levels between the cancerous and non-cancerous samples were analyzed using bioinformatics analysis. One hundred and five cytokines that were significantly different (p<0.05) between GC tissues and normal gastric mucosa were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that these differentially expressed proteins are involved in many biological and immunological processes, mainly in response to stress, chloroplast thylakoid membrane, vacuole, photosynthesis, aspartic-type endopeptidase activity and flavin adenine dinucleotide binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that these proteins mainly were involved in the process of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. These findings suggest that the differentially expressed proteins could be associated with GC in patients. Further study of these cytokines may provide a promising approach for diagnosis, classification and prognosis of GC.
Convenient preparative synthesis of [14C]trehalose from [14C]glucose by intact Escherichia coli cells

At high osmolarity, Escherichia coli synthesizes trehalose intracellularly, irrespective of the nature of the carbon source. Synthesis proceeds via the transfer of UDP-glucose to glucose 6-phosphate, yielding trehalose 6-phosphate, followed by its dephosphorylation to trehalose (H.M. Giaeyer, B.O. Styrvold, I. Kaasen, and A.R. Strøm, J. Bacteriol. 170:2841-2849, 1988). This reaction was exploited to preparatively synthesize [14C]trehalose from exogenous [14C]glucose by using intact bacteria of a mutant (DF214) that could not metabolize glucose. The total yield of radiochemically pure trehalose from glucose was routinely more than 50%.
Improving of IDA-PBC systems by forming additional regulatory actions on directly uncontrollable system loops

This paper raises the problem of regulatory limitation in port-controlled Hamiltonian energy-shaping control system (PCH ESCS). For this solution, it is proposed to use regulatory actions on directly uncontrollable loops, which can be formed during synthesis and always are discarded due to impossible implementation, by transmitting these actions through controllable loops in two different ways: first — by rebuilding closed-loop PCH to suitable form, second — by correcting reference signal. In order to check existing solutions and verify feasibility and effectiveness of proposed approaches they were used to synthesize ESCSs for a simple direct current drive, which were further investigated. Obtained results confirmed that both approaches allow outmatching existing solutions and having their advantages and disadvantages.
The Impact of Personnel Selection and Assessment Methods on Candidates

Evidence will be presented of the impact of the assessment and selection techniques used in a management development program in a major UK financial services organization. The assessment techniques involved are situational interviews and two different assessment centers. Drawing on a questionnaire study of 141 managers, data are presented concerning the impact of such techniques on organizational commitment and job and career withdrawal cognitions. The results suggest that assessment procedures and decisions have some impact on candidates' post-assessment attitude to the organization and their intention to leave their jobs and careers. The article also presents data on the reactions of the participants to the selection and assessment process. A preliminary theoretical view of the impact process is presented and discussed.
Backwards Search in Context Bound Text Transformations

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (bwt) is the basis for many of the most effective compression and self-indexing methods used today. A key to the versatility of the bwt is the ability to search for patterns directly in the transformed text. A backwards search for a pattern P can be performed on a transformed text by iteratively determining the range of suffixes that match P. The search can be further enhanced by constructing a wavelet tree over the output of the bwt in order to emulate a suffix array. In this paper, we investigate new algorithms for search derived from a variation of the bwt whereby rotations are only sorted to a depth k, commonly referred to as a context bound transform. Interestingly, this bwt variant can be used to mimic a k-gram index, which are used in a variety of applications that need to efficiently return occurrences in text position order. In this paper, we present the first backwards search algorithms on the k-bwt, and show how to construct a self-index containing many of the attractive properties of a k-gram index.
Effects of Tert-Butylhydroquinone on Intestinal Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis following Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce intestinal inflammatory response and mucosal injury. Antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been shown in our previous studies to prevent oxidative stress and inflammatory response in gut after TBI. The objective of this study was to test whether tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), an Nrf2 inducer, can protect against TBI-induced intestinal inflammatory response and mucosal injury in mice. Adult male ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups: (1) sham + vehicle group, (2) TBI + vehicle group, and (3) TBI + tBHQ group (n = 12 per group). Closed head injury was adopted using Hall's weight-dropping method. Intestinal mucosa apoptosis and inflammatory-related factors, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), were investigated at 24 h after TBI. As a result, we found that oral treatment with 1% tBHQ prior to TBI for one week markedly decreased NF-κB activation, inflammatory cytokines production, and ICAM-1 expression in the gut. Administration of tBHQ also significantly attenuated TBI-induced intestinal mucosal apoptosis. The results of the present study suggest that tBHQ administration could suppress the intestinal inflammation and reduce the mucosal damage following TBI.
Predictors of excellent response to lithium: results from a nationwide register-based study

The aim of this study was to identify sociodemographic and clinical predictors of excellent response, that is, ‘cure’ of future affective episodes, to lithium in monotherapy. We used nationwide registers to identify all patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder in psychiatric hospital settings who were prescribed lithium from 1995 to 2006 in Denmark (N=3762). Excellent lithium responders were defined as patients who after a stabilization lithium start-up period of 6 months, continued lithium in monotherapy without getting hospitalized. The rate of excellent response to lithium in monotherapy was 8.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.9–9.9] at 5-year follow-up and 5.4% (95% CI: 4.4–6.3) at 10-year follow-up. The rate of nonresponse to lithium monotherapy was significantly increased for female patients [hazards ratio (HR)=1.12, 95% CI: 1.04–1.21) and for patients with a depressive index episode compared with patients in remission or with a diagnosis of other or unspecified bipolar disorder before first lithium purchase (HR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.03–1.25). The rate of nonresponse increased by 3% (95% CI: 2–5%) for every psychiatric hospitalization before first purchase of lithium. Patients with somatic comorbidity had increased rates of non-response to lithium compared with patients without somatic comorbidity (HR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.00–1.52). It is concluded that the prevalence of excellent response to lithium monotherapy is low and such patients are characterized by few earlier psychiatric hospitalizations, a manic index episode before lithium and reduced somatic comorbidity.