Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dosage Regimen Design: Pharmacodynamic Considerations

Pharmacokinetic methodology to define the time course of drug in an accessible biologic fluid is now well established as are models that relate concentration to effect. When steady-state conditions are not readily available to define a dose- or concentration-effect relationship, non-steady-state pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models can be applied. Despite these methodologic advances, many aspects of clinical drug development and therapy do not readily lend themselves to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic scrutiny. Barriers to this scrutiny include: drug assay problems or lack of an accessible biologic fluid that can be sampled to measure drug concentration; lack of a immediate pharmacologic effect in the clinic that can be related to concentration; and lack of a relationship between an immediate measurable pharmacologic effect and long-term clinical benefit. In the evaluation and application of any drug, the following questions are useful: 1) what is the pharmacologic effect of interest? 2) is it a positive (benefit) or negative (risk) effect? 3) are there more than one positive or negative effects of interest? 4) how is the effect measured and can the measurement be applied reasonably in a clinical setting? 5) is the effect immediate (for example, blood pressure reduction) or long-term (for example, prevention of stroke with an antihypertensive)? 6) can the effect be usefully related to a concentration to guide dosimetry? and 6) if a concentration/effect relationship is likely, can it be defined at steady state or must non-steady-state pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models be constructed? (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Compile-time area estimation for LUT-based FPGAs

The Cameron Project has developed a system for compiling codes written in a high-level language called SA-C, to FPGA-based reconfigurable computing systems. In order to exploit the parallelism available on the FPGAs, the SA-C compiler performs a large number of optimizations such as full loop unrolling, loop fusion and strip-mining. However, since the area on an FPGA is limited, the compiler needs to know the effect of compiler optimizations on the FPGA area; this information is typically not available until after the synthesis and place and route stage, which can take hours. In this article, we present a compile-time area estimation technique to guide SA-C compiler optimizations. We demonstrate our technique for a variety of benchmarks written in SA-C. Experimental results show that our technique predicts the area required for a design to within 2.5% of actual for small image processing operators and to within 5.0% for larger benchmarks. The estimation time is in the order of milliseconds, compared with minutes for the synthesis tool.
Comparative analysis of signal processing in brain computer interface

Brain computer interface (BCI) systems utilise Electroencephalography (EEG) to translate specific human thinking activities into control commands. An essential part of any BCI is a pattern recognition system. In this paper, a number of different features and classifiers are compared in terms of classification accuracy and computation time. Two typical features are studied: autoregressive (AR) and spectrum components along with three different classifiers; the K-nearest neighbor, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and Bayesian statistical classifiers. The results showed that all classifiers achieved very high accuracies and short computation times.
Spatial subdivision of complex indoor environments for 3D indoor navigation

ABSTRACT As we realize that we spend most of our time in increasingly complex indoor environments, applications to assist indoor activities (e.g. guidance) have gained a lot of attention in the recent years. The advances in ubiquitous computing made possible the development of several spatial models intending to support context-aware and fine-grained indoor navigation systems. However, the available models often rely on simplified representations (e.g. 2D plans) and ignore the indoor features (e.g. furniture), thereby missing to reflect the complexity of the indoor environment. In this paper, we introduce the Flexible Space Subdivision framework (FSS) that allows to automatically identify the spaces that can be used for indoor navigation purpose. We propose a classification of indoor objects based on their ability to autonomously change location and we define a spatial subdivision of the indoor environment based on the classified objects and their functions. The framework can consider any 3D indoor configuration, the static and dynamic activities it hosts and it enables the possibility to consider all types of locomotion (e.g. walking, flying, etc.). It relies on input 3D models with geometric, semantic and topological information and identifies a set of subspaces with dedicated properties. We assess the framework against criteria defined in previous researches and we provide an example.
Integrating Auto-Associative Neural Networks with Hotelling T2 Control Charts for Wind Turbine Fault Detection

This paper presents a novel methodology to detect a set of more suitable attributes that may potentially contribute to emerging faults of a wind turbine. The set of attributes were selected from one-year historical data for analysis. The methodology uses the k -means clustering method to process outlier data and verifies the clustering results by comparing quartiles of boxplots, and applies the auto-associative neural networks to implement the residual approach that transforms the data to be approximately normally distributed. Hotelling T 2 multivariate quality control charts are constructed for monitoring the turbine’s performance and relative contribution of each attribute is calculated for the data points out of upper limits to determine the set of potential attributes. A case using the historical data and the alarm log is given and illustrates that our methodology has the advantage of detecting a set of susceptible attributes at the same time compared with only one independent attribute is monitored.
Material Hub: A Semantic Search Engine with Rule Reasoning

For some special domains, if search engines only take advantage of keywords, the searchers need to mater lots of professional terms. Moreover, to refine the search interests, the professional rules and reasoning of those rules should be used. To resolving above problems, this paper focuses on extending search engines via ontology extraction and modeling, semantic rules reasoning algorithm, and feature-based ordering algorithm and related semantic technologies. A semantic search engine-Material Hub has been set up based on above research points and applied in industry. Four experiments are conducted which reveal the improvements of the accuracy and efficiency for retrieval as well as semantic rules reasoning algorithm satisfyingly contribute to an improvement in the responding time compared to other semantic reasoning algorithms.
Mapping genomic regions associated with growth rate in pigs.

The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with postweaning average daily gain (ADG) in swine. Two families were produced using sires obtained from the cross of lines divergently selected for high and low growth rate. Sires were mated to 29 unrelated dams that produced 124 and 115 offspring. Average daily gain was recorded for every individual; mean ADG was . 593 +/- . 007 kg/d and . 619 +/- . 009 kg/d in the two families. Selective genotyping was performed as a prescreening procedure to identify genomic regions potentially associated with ADG. A total of 75 genetic markers were used between both families. Markers identified as nominally significant (P < .05) in an individual marker analysis were subsequently typed in all individuals. Markers still nominally significant (P < .05) after analysis with the complete family were then reevaluated together with flanking markers in an interval mapping analysis. A single region on chromosome 3, flanked by markers Sw2429 and Sw251, for the second family had a logarithm of the odds score of 2.9, which is suggestive of linkage with a quantitative trait locus for ADG. Differences were . 033 +/- . 009 kg/d between individuals inheriting alternative paternal alleles for Sw251, which was the most significant marker.
Interactions of hadrons in the CALICE SiW ECAL prototype

This article presents results of test beams obtained for pions with energies between 2 and 10 GeV which interact in the volume of the highly granular CALICE Silicon-Tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter prototype (SiW ECAL). An algorithm optimised to ﬁnd interactions in the SiW ECAL at small hadron energies is developed. This allows identifying the interaction point in the calorimeter at an efficiency between 62% and 83% depending on the energy of the primary particle. The unprecedented granularity of the SiW ECAL allows for the distinction between different interaction types. This in turn permits more detailed examinations of hadronic models than was possible with traditional calorimeters. So far, it is possible to disentangle minimum ionising particle (MIP) events, elastic π-nucleus scattering and spallation reactions which lead to the start of a internuclear cascade or which result in a small number of highly ionising particles. Various observables are compared with predictions from hadronic physics lists as contained in the simulation toolkit geant4.
SMART 4.0: towards genomic data integration

SMART (Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool) is a web tool (http://smart.embl.de/) for the identification and annotation of protein domains, and provides a platform for the comparative study of complex domain architectures in genes and proteins. The January 2004 release of SMART contains 685 protein domains. New developments in SMART are centred on the integration of data from completed metazoan genomes. SMART now uses predicted proteins from complete genomes in its source sequence databases, and integrates these with predictions of orthology. New visualization tools have been developed to allow analysis of gene intron-exon structure within the context of protein domain structure, and to align these displays to provide schematic comparisons of orthologous genes, or multiple transcripts from the same gene. Other improvements include the ability to query SMART by Gene Ontology terms, improved structure database searching and batch retrieval of multiple entries.
Intelligent Arabic text to Arabic Sign Language Translation for Easy Deaf Communication

This paper presents an intelligent system to translate Arabic natural language to Arabic sign language based on knowledge base and image processing. This system was designed to help hearing impaired for improving their connection with hearing world and acquiring new concepts. The system plays a role for assisting teachers in sign language domain. Of the most important problems in this task, is that the number of words in the Arabic sign dictionary is very few compared with the words found in the Arabic language dictionaries. To solve this problem the proposed system includes a knowledge base to solve a number of Arabic language problems (e.g synonyms, inflectional, derivational, diacritical and plural).
Proposal of a Bragg grating assisted MMIMI-coupler for tunable add-drop multiplexing

The author proposes a novel optical device for tunable add-drop multiplexing. The device is based on a Bragg grating assisted MMIMI-coupler. The analysis is based on the mode propagation theory. Polymer planar lightwave circuit technology is presently the most promising technology for realizing this kind of device.
Robots in Rehab: Towards socially assistive robots for paediatric rehabilitation

There is increasing interest in the use of socially assistive robots to enhance therapeutic outcomes in paediatric health care. In this paper we report on experiential use of the humanoid 'NAO' robot (Aldebaran Robotics) in a paediatric rehabilitation setting. This forms part of a proposed study assessing the clinical benefits of introducing the NAO as a therapeutic intervention in the rehabilitation program of children with cerebral palsy (CP). This study is in partnership with the rehabilitation clinic of Melbourne's Royal Children's Hospital. Drawing on five months of regular weekly engagement with the rehabilitation clinic, we propose roles and supporting capabilities for the NAO that aim to enhance rehabilitation outcomes for patients and support the typical workflow of therapists. We provide an overview of development work conducted to support these roles, and discuss future work and technical challenges to be addressed in preparation for the study.
Performance of time-delay estimation in the presence of room reverberation

Synthetic microphone signals generated with the image model technique are used to study the effects of room reverberation on the performance of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator of the time delay, in which the estimate is obtained by maximizing the cross correlation between filtered versions of the microphone signals. The results underscore the adverse effects of reverberation on the bias, variance and probability of anomaly of the ML estimator. Explanations of these effects are provided.
Seasonal Changes in the Endosymbiotic Consortia of Aphids from the Genus Cinara

Buchnera aphidicola is the primary endosymbiont of aphids with which it maintains an obligate mutualistic symbiotic relationship. Insects also maintain facultative symbiotic relationships with secondary symbionts, and Serratia symbiotica is the most common in aphids. The presence of both symbionts in aphids of the subfamily Lachninae has been widely studied by our group. We examined two closely related aphids, Cinara tujafilina and C. cedri in the present study. Even though both B. aphidicola strains have similar genome sizes and gene contents, the genomes of the two S. symbiotica strains were markedly different. The SCc strain has the smallest genome known for this species, while SCt possesses a larger genome in an intermediate stage between the facultative S. symbiotica of Acyrthosiphon pisum (SAp) and the co-obligate S. symbiotica SCc. Aphids are vulnerable to high temperatures. Previous studies indicated that S. symbiotica SAp confers resistance to heat-shock stress. In order to clarify whether S. symbiotica strains from genus Cinara also play a role in heat stress protection, we performed a quantitative determination of the consortium Buchnera/Serratia from two geographically close populations, each of which belonged to the Cinara species examined, over two years in natural environments. We found no variation in the consortium from our C. cedri population, but a positive correlation between both endosymbiont densities and average daily temperatures in the C. tujafilina population. Even though S. symbiotica SCt may retain some protective role against heat stress, this does not appear to be due to the release of protective metabolites by cell lysis.
Chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 7 in angle‐closure glaucoma

To compare the concentrations of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 7 (CCL7) in aqueous humour of eyes with acute primary angle‐closure (APAC), primary angle‐closure glaucoma (PACG) or with age‐related cataract.
CIS 520 Final Project Report

The task of gender and age classification based on texts and fa cial images has been studied extensively in the natural language processing community and the computer vision community respectively. Machine learning algorithms are particularly rele vant in solving such classification problems. In the final project forCIS520 Machine Learning , we are presented with the task of gender and age classification in(1) blog postings, and(2) facial images. Our group conducted research on current literature and implemented prediction algorithms for the a bove tasks, using techniques such as tfidf, kNN, eigenfaces and SVM . We achieved decent classification results and successfull y beat all 4 baseline requirements. This report will describe in detail our methods and findings.
α-modulation induced by covert attention shifts as a new input modality for EEG-based BCIs

Covert attention shifts to the visual periphery induce modulations of α-bandpower over occipital cortex. By demonstrating robust classification of covert attention shifts to four different target locations, a recent magnetoencephalography (MEG) study set the first step for its use as a new input modality to brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) [1]. Here, we set the next step by investigating its feasibility using electroencephalography (EEG). Eight healthy participants had to shift covert visual attention to one of six different target locations while strictly fixating the center of the screen. To enhance the spatial resolution, we used a current source density (CSD) estimate instead of raw voltage maps. Covert attention shifts to the different target locations yielded distinctive topographical distributions of posterior alpha activity.
Neuronal surface antigen antibodies in limbic encephalitis

Objective: To report the frequency and type of antibodies against neuronal surface antigens (NSA-ab) in limbic encephalitis (LE). Methods: Analysis of clinical features, neuropathologic findings, and detection of NSA-ab using immunochemistry on rat tissue and neuronal cultures in a series of 45 patients with paraneoplastic (23) or idiopathic (22) LE. Results: NSA-ab were identified in 29 patients (64%; 12 paraneoplastic, 17 idiopathic). Thirteen patients had voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKC)-ab, 11 novel NSA (nNSA)-ab, and 5 NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-ab. nNSA-ab did not identify a common antigen and were more frequent in paraneoplastic than idiopathic LE (39% vs 9%; p = 0.03). When compared with VGKC-ab or NMDAR-ab, the nNSA associated more frequently with intraneuronal antibodies (11% vs 73%; p = 0.001). Of 12 patients (9 nNSA-ab, 2 VGKC-ab, 1 NMDAR-ab) with paraneoplastic LE and NSA-ab, concomitant intraneuronal antibodies occurred in 9 (75%). None of these 12 patients improved with immunotherapy. The autopsy of three of them showed neuronal loss, microgliosis, and cytotoxic T cell infiltrates in the hippocampus and amygdala. These findings were compatible with a T-cell mediated neuronal damage. In contrast, 13 of 17 (76%) patients with idiopathic LE and NSA-ab (8 VGKC-ab, 4 NMDAR-ab, 1 nNSA-ab) and 1 of 5 (20%) without antibodies had clinical improvement (p = 0.04). Conclusions: In paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (LE), novel antibodies against neuronal surface antigens (nNSA-ab) occur frequently, coexist with antibodies against intracellular antigens, and these cases are refractory to immunotherapy. In idiopathic LE, the likelihood of improvement is significantly higher in patients with NSA-ab than in those without antibodies. GLOSSARY: GAD = glutamic acid decarboxylase; LE = limbic encephalitis; NMDAR = N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; NSA = neuronal surface antigens; nNSA = novel NSA; SCLC = small-cell lung cancer; VGKC = voltage-gated potassium channels; WBC = white blood cells.
BiDots: Visual Exploration of Weighted Biclusters

Discovering and analyzing biclusters, i.e., two sets of related entities with close relationships, is a critical task in many real-world applications, such as exploring entity co-occurrences in intelligence analysis, and studying gene expression in bio-informatics. While the output of biclustering techniques can offer some initial low-level insights, visual approaches are required on top of that due to the algorithmic output complexity. This paper proposes a visualization technique, called BiDots, that allows analysts to interactively explore biclusters over multiple domains. BiDots overcomes several limitations of existing bicluster visualizations by encoding biclusters in a more compact and cluster-driven manner. A set of handy interactions is incorporated to support flexible analysis of biclustering results. More importantly, BiDots addresses the cases of weighted biclusters, which has been underexploited in the literature. The design of BiDots is grounded by a set of analytical tasks derived from previous work. We demonstrate its usefulness and effectiveness for exploring computed biclusters with an investigative document analysis task, in which suspicious people and activities are identified from a text corpus.
The effect of current crowding on electromigration in lead-free flip chip bump interconnect

Nowadays the issues about reliability of IC caused by electromigration (EM) become very important. In this paper, a 3D model is presented to simulate the distribution of current density in lead-free flip chip bump interconnect. By the simulation, the effect of current crowding on electromigration in lead-free flip chip bump interconnect is studied. The simulation results show that when high current flows into and out of solder bump, current crowding occurs and large joule heat is generated. Through the analysis of experimental results, it can be found that the current crowding accelerates the electromigration in lead-free flip chip bump interconnect combined with joule heat. The extent of electromigration where the electron flow enters the under bump metallization (UBM) is more severe than other places in the cathode of the lead-free solder bump.
Neurofeedback and Cognitive Attention Training for Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Schools

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of 2 computer attention training systems administered in school for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: Children in second and fourth grade with a diagnosis of ADHD (n = 104) were randomly assigned to neurofeedback (NF) (n = 34), cognitive training (CT) (n = 34), or control (n = 36) conditions. A 2-point growth model assessed change from pre-post intervention on parent reports (Conners 3-Parent [Conners 3-P]; Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function [BRIEF] rating scale), teacher reports (Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn and Pelham scale [SKAMP]; Conners 3-Teacher [Conners 3-T]), and systematic classroom observations (Behavioral Observation of Students in Schools [BOSS]). Paired t tests and an analysis of covariance assessed change in medication. Results: Children who received NF showed significant improvement compared with those in the control condition on the Conners 3-P Attention, Executive Functioning and Global Index, on all BRIEF summary indices, and on BOSS motor/verbal off-task behavior. Children who received CT showed no improvement compared to the control condition. Children in the NF condition showed significant improvements compared to those in the CT condition on Conners 3-P Executive Functioning, all BRIEF summary indices, SKAMP Attention, and Conners 3-T Inattention subscales. Stimulant medication dosage in methylphenidate equivalencies significantly increased for children in the CT (8.54 mg) and control (7.05 mg) conditions but not for those in the NF condition (0.29 mg). Conclusion: Neurofeedback made greater improvements in ADHD symptoms compared to both the control and CT conditions. Thus, NF is a promising attention training treatment intervention for children with ADHD.