Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ca 2 +-Transport ATPases of Vascular Smooth Muscle

To characterize the Ca-transport properties of the plasma membrane and of the endopiasmic reticuium of bovine pulmonary artery, membrane vesicles are subfractionated by a procedure of density-gradient centrifugation that takes advantage of the selective effect of digitonin on the density of plasma-membrane vesicles. The obtained endoplasmic-reticulum fraction contains hardly any plasma-membrane vesicles, whereas the plasma-membrane fraction is still contaminated by a substantial amount of endoplasmic-reticulum vesicles. An adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) energized Ca-transport system and a Ca-stimulated ATPase activity are present in both subcellular fractions. The Ca transport by the plasma membrane is catalyzed by a (Ca,Mg)-ATPase of M, 130,000. It binds calmodulin and it has a low steady-state phosphoprotein intermediate level. The endoplasmicreticulum vesicles contain a Ca-transport ATPase of Mr 100,000 that is characterized by a high steady-state phosphointermediate level. It is antigenicaJly related to the Ca-pump protein of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticuium. Phospholamban, the regulatory protein of the Ca-transport enzyme of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticuium, is also present In the endopiasmic reticuium of the pulmonary artery. A comparison of these fractions with the previously characterized fractions from porcine gastric smooth muscle reveals important differences in the basal Mg -̂ATPase activity, in the ratio of the (Ca,Mg)-ATPase of the plasmaJemma to that of the endopiasmic reticuium, and in the ratio of the (Na,K)-ATPase activity to the plasmalemmal (Ca,Mg)-ATPase activity. These differences can be ascribed in part to the species and in part to the tissue. These data suggest that in the bovine pulmonary artery the Ca extrusion via the ATP-dependent Ca pump may have a less predominant role, and that the Ca uptake by the endopiasmic reticuium, and possibly also the Ca extrusion via the Na-Ca exchanger could be more important in this tissue than in the porcine stomach. (Circulation Research 1988;62:266-278)
A flexible video server based on a low complex post-compression rate allocation

This paper proposes a highly flexible streaming video server that is particularly well suited for video-surveillance content. To achieve the required flexibility, the sequences are encoded with the JPEG 2000 coding scheme. To preserve compression efficiency, the temporal redundancy is exploited by a conditional replenishment technique. The main novelty of this paper consists in a post-compression rate allocation, which enables the server to adapt in real-time the content forwarded to heterogeneous clients using a single pre-compressed version of the sequence. An index is pre-calculated offline to reduce the computational load at the server while scheduling the packets in real-time, according to the needs and resources of the clients.
Online Expectation Maximization algorithm to solve the SLAM problem

In this paper, a new algorithm — namely the onlineEM-SLAM — is proposed to solve the simultaneous localization and mapping problem (SLAM). The mapping problem is seen as an instance of inference in latent models, and the localization part is dealt with a particle approximation method. This new technique relies on an online version of the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm: the algorithm includes a stochastic approximation version of the E-step to incorporate the information brought by the newly available observation. By linearizing the observation model, the stochastic approximation part is reduced to the computation of the expectation of additive functionals of the robot pose. Therefore, each iteration of the onlineEM-SLAM both provides a particle approximation of the distribution of the pose, and a point estimate of the map. This online variant of EM does not require the whole data set to be available at each iteration. The performance of this algorithm is illustrated through simulations using sampled observations and experimental data.
Common functional targets of adaptive micro‐ and macro‐evolutionary divergence in killifish

Environmental salinity presents a key barrier to dispersal for most aquatic organisms, and adaptation to alternate osmotic environments likely enables species diversification. Little is known of the functional basis for derived tolerance to environmental salinity. We integrate comparative physiology and functional genomics to explore the mechanistic underpinnings of evolved variation in osmotic plasticity within and among two species of killifish; Fundulus majalis harbours the ancestral mainly salt‐tolerant phenotype, whereas Fundulus heteroclitus harbours a derived physiology that retains extreme salt tolerance but with expanded osmotic plasticity towards the freshwater end of the osmotic continuum. Common‐garden comparative hypo‐osmotic challenge experiments show that F. heteroclitus is capable of remodelling gill epithelia more quickly and at more extreme osmotic challenge than F. majalis. We detect an unusual pattern of baseline transcriptome divergence, where neutral evolutionary processes appear to govern expression divergence within species, but patterns of divergence for these genes between species do not follow neutral expectations. During acclimation, genome expression profiling identifies mechanisms of acclimation‐associated response that are conserved within the genus including regulation of paracellular permeability. In contrast, several responses vary among species including those putatively associated with cell volume regulation, and these same mechanisms are targets for adaptive physiological divergence along osmotic gradients within F. heteroclitus. As such, the genomic and physiological mechanisms that are associated with adaptive fine‐tuning within species also contribute to macro‐evolutionary divergence as species diversify across osmotic niches.
Title of Document : MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF NIGHTJARS AND NIGHTHAWKS ( CAPRIMULGIDAE )

Title of Document: MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF NIGHTJARS AND NIGHTHAWKS (CAPRIMULGIDAE) Kin-Lan Han, M.S., 2006 Directed By: Dr. Michael J. Braun, Adjunct Professor, Behavior, Ecology, Evolution and Systematics Program Caprimulgidae, a cosmopolitan family of nocturnal or crepuscular insectivorous birds, comprises the subfamilies Caprimulginae (nightjars) and Chordeilinae (nighthawks). A phylogeny was reconstructed using cytochrome b, cmyc and growth hormone DNA sequences. Likelihood, parsimony and Bayesian analyses identify four major phylogenetic groups, three New World and one Old World. One New World clade consists of whip-poor-wills and relatives; a second consists of two traditional nighthawk genera, Chordeiles and Podager; a third consists of the remaining Neotropical taxa. C. enarratus, a Madagascan endemic, branches before these clades, and has no close relatives among the species sampled. The subfamilies are not monophyletic, suggesting the morphological specializations characterizing “nighthawks” evolved multiple times. Eurostopodus forms the earliest branches of the tree and may be paraphyletic. Caprimulgus is polyphyletic with respect to many other genera in the family, which are often defined by distinct plumage traits that may reflect sexual selection.
On capacity computation for the two-user binary multiple-access channel: Solutions by cooperation

This paper deals with the computation of the boundary of the capacity region for the two-user memoryless multiple-access channel, which is equivalent to solving a difficult non-convex optimization problem. We study properties of the optimality conditions for a relaxation (cooperation) approach suggested in the literature. We give conditions under which a solution to the relaxed problem has the same value as the actual optimal solution and show that these conditions can in some cases be applied to construct solutions for a restricted class of discrete multiple-access channel using convex optimization.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to the Primary Motor Cortex Interferes with Motor Learning by Observing

Neural representations of novel motor skills can be acquired through visual observation. We used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to test the idea that this “motor learning by observing” is based on engagement of neural processes for learning in the primary motor cortex (M1). Human subjects who observed another person learning to reach in a novel force environment imposed by a robot arm performed better when later tested in the same environment than subjects who observed movements in a different environment. rTMS applied to M1 after observation reduced the beneficial effect of observing congruent forces, and eliminated the detrimental effect of observing incongruent forces. Stimulation of a control site in the frontal cortex had no effect on reaching. Our findings represent the first direct evidence that neural representations of motor skills in M1, a cortical region whose role has been firmly established for active motor learning, also underlie motor learning by observing.
Filtering Redundant Data from RFID Data Streams

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) enabled systems are evolving in many applications that need to know the physical location of objects such as supply chain management. Naturally, RFID systems create large volumes of duplicate data. As the duplicate data wastes communication, processing, and storage resources as well as delaying decision-making, filtering duplicate data from RFID data stream is an important and challenging problem. Existing Bloom Filter-based approaches for filtering duplicate RFID data streams are complex and slow as they use multiple hash functions. In this paper, we propose an approach for filtering duplicate data from RFID data streams. The proposed approach is based on modified Bloom Filter and uses only a single hash function. We performed extensive empirical study of the proposed approach and compared it against the Bloom Filter, d-Left Time Bloom Filter, and the Count Bloom Filter approaches. The results show that the proposed approach outperforms the baseline approaches in terms of false positive rate, execution time, and true positive rate.
Mixed-criticality transactional memory controller for embedded systems

The pervasiveness of multi-core platforms and the trend towards mixed-criticality applications are major technology drivers in the area of embedded systems. Although transactional memories offer the potential to radically simplify the development of these systems, fault isolation and temporal predictability are open research challenges. This paper introduces a priority-based hardware transactional memory controller for mixed-criticality systems, which offers algorithms for predictable and selective conflict resolution. The memory controller is part of a multi-core architecture with a mapping to a deterministic time-triggered interconnect. As a consequence, fault propagation to higher criticality is prevented and the timing analysis of safety-relevant transactions can abstract from lower criticality levels. The presentation of the architecture and the explanation of the algorithms is complemented by the formal analysis of the WCET. In addition, an automotive use case with a simulation environment serves for the evaluation of the temporal behavior of the architecture and the memory controller.
H-atombombardmentofCO2,HCOOH,andCH3CHOcontainingices

Context. Hydrogenation reactions are expected to be among the most important surface reactions on interstellar ices. However, solid state astrochemical laboratory data on reactions of H-atoms with common interstellar ice constituents are largely lacking. Aims. The goal of our laboratory work is to determine whether and how carbon dioxide (CO2), formic acid (HCOOH) and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) react with H-atoms in the solid state at low temperatures and to derive reaction rates and production yields. Methods. Pure CO2, HCOOH and CH3CHO interstellar ice analogues are bombarded by H-atoms in an ultra-high vacuum experiment. The experimental conditions are varied systematically. The ices are monitored by reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy and the reaction products are detected in the gas phase through temperature programmed desorption. These techniques are used to determine the resulting destruction and formation yields as well as the corresponding reaction rates. Results. Within the sensitivity of our set-up we conclude that H-atom bombardment of pure CO2 and HCOOH ice does not result in detectable reaction products. The upper limits on the reaction rates are ≤7 × 10 −17 cm 2 s −1 which make it unlikely that these species play a major role in the formation of more complex organics in interstellar ices due to reactions with H-atoms. In contrast, CH3CHO does react with H-atoms. At most 20% is hydrogenated to ethanol (C2H5OH) and a second reaction route leads to the break-up of the C–C bond to form solid state CH4 (∼ 20%) as well as H 2CO and CH3OH (15–50%). The methane production yield is expected to be equal to the summed yield of H2CO and CH3OH and therefore CH4 most likely evaporates partly after formation due to the high exothermicity of the reaction. The reaction rates for CH3CHO destruction depend on ice temperature and not on ice thickness. The results are discussed in an astrophysical context.
Knowledge Assets in the Global Economy: Assessment of National Intellectual Capital

С возрастанием внимания к планированию национальных информационных ресурсов, расширением потребностей бизнеса и государства возникает необходимость в лучшем понимании новых методов стоимостной оценки информационных ресурсов со стороны руководителей, исследователей и практиков. Статья преследует следующие цели: выявление необходимости оценивания интеллектуального капитала на макроэкономическом уровне; пересмотр методологии оценивания интеллектуального капитала в масштабах одного государства; предложение методов оценивания и потребных областей их продвижения; выявление недостатков в существующих методах оценивания и формирование на этой основе направлений дальнейших исследований.
CryptoNote v 2.0

“Bitcoin” [1] has been a successful implementation of the concept of p2p electronic cash. Both professionals and the general public have come to appreciate the convenient combination of public transactions and proof-of-work as a trust model. Today, the user base of electronic cash is growing at a steady pace; customers are attracted to low fees and the anonymity provided by electronic cash and merchants value its predicted and decentralized emission. Bitcoin has effectively proved that electronic cash can be as simple as paper money and as convenient as credit cards. Unfortunately, Bitcoin suffers from several deficiencies. For example, the system’s distributed nature is inflexible, preventing the implementation of new features until almost all of the network users update their clients. Some critical flaws that cannot be fixed rapidly deter Bitcoin’s widespread propagation. In such inflexible models, it is more efficient to roll-out a new project rather than perpetually fix the original project. In this paper, we study and propose solutions to the main deficiencies of Bitcoin. We believe that a system taking into account the solutions we propose will lead to a healthy competition among different electronic cash systems. We also propose our own electronic cash, “CryptoNote”, a name emphasizing the next breakthrough in electronic cash.
Generative Constituent Parsing and Discriminative Dependency Reranking: Experiments on English and French

We present an architecture for parsing in two steps. A phrase-structure parser builds for each sentence ann-best list of analyses which are converted to dependency trees. These dependency structures are then rescored by a discriminative reranker. Our method is language agnostic and enables the incorporation of additional information which are useful for the choice of the best parse candidate. We test our approach on the the Penn Treebank and the French Treebank. Evaluation shows a significative improvement on different parse metrics.
Evaluating New Variants of Motion Interchange Patterns

Action Recognition in videos is an active research field that is fueled by an acute need, spanning several application domains. Still, existing systems fall short of the applications' needs in real-world scenarios, where the quality of the video is less than optimal and the viewpoint is uncontrolled and often not static. In this paper, we extend the Motion Interchange Patterns (MIP) framework for action recognition. This effective framework encodes motion by capturing local changes in motion directions and additionally uses mechanisms to suppress static edges and compensate for global camera motion. Here, we suggest to apply the MIP encoding on gradient-based descriptors to enhance invariance to light changes and achieve a better description of the motion's structure. We compare our method using Patterns of Oriented Edge Magnitudes (POEM) and Difference of Gaussians (DoG) as gradient-based descriptors to the original MIP on two challenging large-scale datasets.
Usefulness of Running Wheel for Detection of Congestive Heart Failure in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Mouse Model

Background Inherited dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a progressive disease that often results in death from congestive heart failure (CHF) or sudden cardiac death (SCD). Mouse models with human DCM mutation are useful to investigate the developmental mechanisms of CHF and SCD, but knowledge of the severity of CHF in live mice is necessary. We aimed to diagnose CHF in live DCM model mice by measuring voluntary exercise using a running wheel and to determine causes of death in these mice. Methodology/Principal Findings A knock-in mouse with a mutation in cardiac troponin T (ΔK210) (DCM mouse), which results in frequent death with a t1/2 of 70 to 90 days, was used as a DCM model. Until 2 months of age, average wheel-running activity was similar between wild-type and DCM mice (approximately 7 km/day). At approximately 3 months, some DCM mice demonstrated low running activity (LO: <1 km/day) while others maintained high running activity (HI: >5 km/day). In the LO group, the lung weight/body weight ratio was much higher than that in the other groups, and the lungs were infiltrated with hemosiderin-loaded alveolar macrophages. Furthermore, echocardiography showed more severe ventricular dilation and a lower ejection fraction, whereas Electrocardiography (ECG) revealed QRS widening. There were two patterns in the time courses of running activity before death in DCM mice: deaths with maintained activity and deaths with decreased activity. Conclusions/Significance Our results indicate that DCM mice with low running activity developed severe CHF and that running wheels are useful for detection of CHF in mouse models. We found that approximately half of ΔK210 DCM mice die suddenly before onset of CHF, whereas others develop CHF, deteriorate within 10 to 20 days, and die.
Relative Burden of Large CNVs on a Range of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes

While numerous studies have implicated copy number variants (CNVs) in a range of neurological phenotypes, the impact relative to disease severity has been difficult to ascertain due to small sample sizes, lack of phenotypic details, and heterogeneity in platforms used for discovery. Using a customized microarray enriched for genomic hotspots, we assayed for large CNVs among 1,227 individuals with various neurological deficits including dyslexia (376), sporadic autism (350), and intellectual disability (ID) (501), as well as 337 controls. We show that the frequency of large CNVs (>1 Mbp) is significantly greater for ID–associated phenotypes compared to autism (p = 9.58×10−11, odds ratio = 4.59), dyslexia (p = 3.81×10−18, odds ratio = 14.45), or controls (p = 2.75×10−17, odds ratio = 13.71). There is a striking difference in the frequency of rare CNVs (>50 kbp) in autism (10%, p = 2.4×10−6, odds ratio = 6) or ID (16%, p = 3.55×10−12, odds ratio = 10) compared to dyslexia (2%) with essentially no difference in large CNV burden among dyslexia patients compared to controls. Rare CNVs were more likely to arise de novo (64%) in ID when compared to autism (40%) or dyslexia (0%). We observed a significantly increased large CNV burden in individuals with ID and multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) compared to ID alone (p = 0.001, odds ratio = 2.54). Our data suggest that large CNV burden positively correlates with the severity of childhood disability: ID with MCA being most severely affected and dyslexics being indistinguishable from controls. When autism without ID was considered separately, the increase in CNV burden was modest compared to controls (p = 0.07, odds ratio = 2.33).
Robust Repositioning to Counter Unpredictable Demand in Bike Sharing Systems

Bike Sharing Systems (BSSs) experience a significant loss in customer demand due to starvation (empty base stations precluding bike pickup) or congestion (full base stations precluding bike return). Therefore, BSSs operators reposition bikes between stations with the help of carrier vehicles. Due to unpredictable and dynamically changing nature of the demand, myopic reasoning typically provides a below par performance. We propose an online and robust repositioning approach to minimise the loss in customer demand while considering the possible uncertainty in future demand. Specifically, we develop a scenario generation approach based on an iterative two player game to compute a strategy of repositioning by assuming that the environment can generate a worse demand scenario (out of the feasible demand scenarios) against the current repositioning solution. Extensive computational results from a simulation built on real world data set of bike sharing company demonstrate that our approach can significantly reduce the expected lost demand over the existing benchmark approaches.
Characterization of Gut-Associated Bacteria in Larvae and Adults of the Southern Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann

Abstract We report the first study of gut-associated bacteria of bark beetles using both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. These insects are major pests of pine trees but also contribute to important ecological functions such as nutrient cycling. We found members of the α- and γ-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in larvae of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. Sequences from three larval guts were grouped into one to three operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 3% difference among sequences. Communities in adult southern pine beetle guts consisted solely of members of the γ-Proteobacteria. These could be grouped into three to five OTUs at 3% difference between sequences. These gut communities have relatively low species richness, which may reflect the specialization needed to exploit a nutrient-poor food source, colonize a chemically complex habitat, and maintain consistent associations with mutualistic fungi. However, there is considerable variation in gut microbiota composition among individual insects, suggesting the need for additional studies on sources of variation and potential substitutability among species performing similar functions.