Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of affective commitment in the relationship between social support and turnover intention

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to argue that affective commitment plays a significant and complex role in the relationship between social support and turnover intention. Design/methodology/approach Surveys were returned by 217 hospital employees with an average tenure of 11.55 years (SD=10.20). Findings Findings suggest that perceived organizational support and perceived supervisor support (PSS) could directly impact turnover intention without the mediation of affective commitment. Thus, affective commitment only partially mediates the negative relation between perceived support and turnover intention. In addition, the results suggest that enhanced PSS reduced turnover intention more powerfully, when affective commitment increased. For a highly committed employee, support from the supervisor can be more influential than that of a less committed employee. Originality/value This is an initial investigation on the moderating role of affective commitment in the relationship between perceived social support and turnover intention. Further, the findings emphasize the independent impact of perceived social support above and beyond the effect mediated by affective commitment, thus adding evidence to the debate on the extend of the mediating effect of affective commitment.
Rule Mining Based on Nonmonotonic Rule Layers and Its Application to Medicine

This paper proposes a new framework for rule induction methods based on rule layers constrained by inequalities of accuracy and coverage. Rule layers consists of (regular) rule layer, in subrule layer out subrule layer, and non-rule layer. Since the rules can be classified into one of the layers by the inequalities, updates of probabilistic rules are equivalent to their movement between layers. Rule induction methods are combined with classification of elementary relations (i.e., one attribute-value pair) into four layers. The classification statistics reflects the characteristics of data and rule stabilities. The proposed method was evaluated on datasets regarding headaches and meningitis, and the results show that the proposed method not only outperforms the conventional method but also captures the characteristics of applied data.
Justine Effect: Punishment of the Unduly Self-Sacrificing Cooperative Individuals

Background Allowing players to punish their opponents in Public Goods Game sustains cooperation within a group and thus brings advantage to the cooperative individuals. However, the possibility of punishment of the co-players can result in antisocial punishment, the punishment of those players who contribute the most in the group. To better understand why antisocial punishment exists, it must be determined who are the anti-social punishers and who are their primary targets. Methods For resolving these questions we increased the number of players in a group from usual four to twelve. Each group played six rounds of the standard Public Goods Game and six rounds of the Public Goods Game with punishment. Each player in each round received 20 CZK ($ 1.25). Players (N = 118) were rematched after each round so that they would not take into consideration opponents' past behavior. Results The amount of the punishment received correlated negatively with the contribution (ρ = −0.665, p<0.001). However, this correlation was positive for players in the highest contributors-quartile (ρ = 0.254, p<0.001). Therefore, the graph of relation between the contribution given and punishment obtained was U-shaped (R2 = 0.678, p<0.001) with the inflection point near the left boarder of the upper quartile. The antisocial punishment was present in all groups, and in eight out of ten groups the Justine Effect (the positive correlation between the contribution to the public pool and the risk of suffering punishment in the subpopulation of altruistic players) emerged. In our sample, 22.5% subjects, all of them Free riders and low contributors, punished the altruistic players. Conclusions The results of our experimental game-study revealed the existence of the Justine effect – the positive correlation between the contribution to the public pool by a subpopulation of the most altruistic players, and the amount of punishment these players obtained from free-riders.
Hybrid scratchpad and cache memory management for energy-efficient parallel HEVC encoding

The next-generation video coding standard High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) provides better compression rates for high resolution videos compared with H.264, at the cost of significantly increased needs for computation power and memory bandwidth. Therefore, memory subsystem optimization is of paramount importance to support HEVC on resource and energy constrained embedded consumer electronics. In this paper, we present a hybrid on-chip memory architecture with both caches and scratchpad memories (SPMs) for parallel HEVC encoding. A run-time prediction algorithm is proposed to effectively identify the most-frequently accessed memory regions in the search window(s) for processing individual coding tree units (CTUs). Depending on their intra- and inter-core reuses, these regions are loaded into the private or shared SPMs for guaranteed on-chip memory accesses. On the other hand, a relatively small hardware-controlled cache is used for the rest of data accesses. Moreover, an adaptive power gating scheme is proposed to power off SPM sectors with expired load windows to further reduce the on-chip leakage power. Compared with the state-of-the-art solution, experimental results show that our proposed memory management framework supports high speed parallel HEVC processing with substantially smaller on-chip memory size, which achieves up to 76.23% on-chip leakage energy savings, and 33.31% energy saving for the overall memory subsystem.
XML as a means of control for audio processing, synthesis and analysis

This paper discusses about benefits derived from providing XML support to the component based framework for audio systems that we are developing. XML is used as data format for persistency, visualization and inter-application interface. Direct XML support is a very useful feature for an audio framework because of the popularity of the XML format as data interchange format, and the introduction of MPEG7 standard, an XML based description format for multimedia content. Formatting task has been distributed along the system objects in a compositional way, making easy to format a single object from its parts. The system minimizes the overhead added to a class and the programmer effort to support XML I/O. A default XML implementation has been provided for most of the future data structures, giving the chance to customize it. The system has been designed to be reused with other formats with a minimal impact on the system.
The validation of simple scoring methods for evaluating compartment-specific synovitis detected by MRI in knee osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVES Synovitis is common in osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. In order to evaluate its importance, valid and reliable quantification methods are required. The aim of this study was to compare simple, semiquantitative synovitis scores with detailed volume assessments in subjects with knee OA using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the investigative tool. METHODS Thirty-five subjects with clinically diagnosed OA of the knee were assessed for synovitis using gadolinium-enhanced MRI. The volume measurement of synovitis was assessed at four sites (medial and lateral parapatellar recesses, intercondylar notch and suprapatellar pouch). The semiquantitative scoring of synovitis was scored on a 0-3 scale. Establishment of a correlative relationship was undertaken using Spearman's rho for the individual site-specific measurements. Ordinal regression modelling was undertaken in order to establish the capacity of the synovitis scoring to predict the volume measurement. RESULTS A total of 140 sites were assessed. There were good correlations between the semiquantitative scores and the volume measurements, ranging from rho = 0.86 (P < 0.00) for the medial parapatellar recess to rho = 0.71 (P < 0.00) for the lateral parapatellar recess. The ordinal regression suggested that, while the synovitis scores predicted between 50 and 70% (R2 = 0.53, P < 0.00 to R2 = 0.71, P < 0.00) of the volume measurements, there was some minor overlap, particularly in the mid-range synovitis scores. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that semiquantitative synovitis scores are valid and will enable feasible evaluation of the synovium in OA cohorts.
Cognitive profiles in dementia

Objective: To re-examine proposed models of cognitive test performance that concluded separate factor structures were required for people with Alzheimer disease (AD) and older adults without dementia. Methods: Five models of cognitive test performance were compared using multistep confirmatory factor analysis in 115 individuals with autopsy-confirmed AD and 191 research participants without clinical dementia from longitudinal studies at the Washington University AD Research Center. The models were then cross-validated using independent samples of 323 people with clinically diagnosed dementia of the Alzheimer type and 212 cognitively healthy older adults. Results: After controlling for Alzheimer-specific changes in episodic memory, performance on the battery of tests used here was best represented in people both with and without dementia by a single model of one general factor and three specific factors (verbal memory, visuospatial ability, and working memory). Performance by people with dementia was lower on the general factor than it was by those without dementia. Larger variances associated with the specific factors in the group with dementia indicated greater individual differences in the pattern of cognitive deficits in the stage of AD. Conclusions: A hybrid model of general and specific cognitive domains simplifies cognitive research by allowing direct comparison of normal aging and Alzheimer disease performance. The presence of a general factor maximizes detection of the dementia, whereas the specific factors reveal the heterogeneity of dementia’s associated cognitive deficits. GLOSSARY: AD = Alzheimer disease; BD = Block Design; BNT = Boston Naming Test; BVRT = Benton Visual Retention Test; CDR = Clinical Dementia Rating; CFA = confirmatory factor analysis; CFI = comparative fit index; DAT = dementia of the Alzheimer type; DS-B = Digit Span Backward; DS-F = Digit Span Forward; DSym = Digit Symbol; INFO = information; LBs = Lewy bodies; LM = Logical Memory; MC = Mental Control; NIA = National Institute on Aging; PA = Paired Associate Learning; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; TOI = tests of invariance; TRA = Trailmaking A; WF = Word Fluency.
Consensus Formation in a Two-Time-Scale Markovian System

This work analyzes distributed linear averaging within a connected network of sensors that each track the stationary distribution of an ergodic Markov chain with a slowly switching regime. Our approach is based on a two-time-scale stochastic approximation. A hyperparameter modeled as a Markov chain on a slower time-scale modulates the regime of each observed Markov chain. The average of all currently observed stationary distributions constitutes the average-consensus estimate to be reached by all sensors. Assuming the Markov chains do not share a common stationary distribution conditioned on their regime, then under the proposed linear averaging algorithm, the exchange graph conditions required for the sequence of sensor state values to converge weakly to the average-consensus are obtained. Estimation of a weighted average of all observed stationary distributions, not only the current ones, is proved feasible over a long-run time horizon, provided an additional communication condition holds. The sensor st.
Motor Timing Deficits in Sequential Movements in Parkinson Disease Are Related to Action Planning: A Motor Imagery Study

Timing of sequential movements is altered in Parkinson disease (PD). Whether timing deficits in internally generated sequential movements in PD depends also on difficulties in motor planning, rather than merely on a defective ability to materially perform the planned movement is still undefined. To unveil this issue, we adopted a modified version of an established test for motor timing, i.e. the synchronization–continuation paradigm, by introducing a motor imagery task. Motor imagery is thought to involve mainly processes of movement preparation, with reduced involvement of end-stage movement execution-related processes. Fourteen patients with PD and twelve matched healthy volunteers were asked to tap in synchrony with a metronome cue (SYNC) and then, when the tone stopped, to keep tapping, trying to maintain the same rhythm (CONT-EXE) or to imagine tapping at the same rhythm, rather than actually performing it (CONT-MI). We tested both a sub-second and a supra-second inter-stimulus interval between the cues. Performance was recorded using a sensor-engineered glove and analyzed measuring the temporal error and the interval reproduction accuracy index. PD patients were less accurate than healthy subjects in the supra-second time reproduction task when performing both continuation tasks (CONT-MI and CONT-EXE), whereas no difference was detected in the synchronization task and on all tasks involving a sub-second interval. Our findings suggest that PD patients exhibit a selective deficit in motor timing for sequential movements that are separated by a supra-second interval and that this deficit may be explained by a defect of motor planning. Further, we propose that difficulties in motor planning are of a sufficient degree of severity in PD to affect also the motor performance in the supra-second time reproduction task.
Particle–based T-Spline Level Set Evolution for 3D object reconstruction with Range and Volume Constraints

We consider an evolution process for implicitly defined surfaces, which are represented as the zero‐levels of T-spline functions. The paper presents two novel contributions. First, we will use particles on the evolving surface in order to discretize the evolution equation. In particular we describe criteria for local and global resampling, which are needed in order to maintain a sufficiently uniform distribution of the particles. Second, we discuss volume and range constraints which can be added to the framework. More precisely, it is possible to specify a fixed volume (volume constraint) or to define a region which should or should not be contained in the final object (range constraint). These constraints can also be regarded as a priori knowledge of the data.
Regularized Kernel Least Mean Square Algorithm with Multiple-delay Feedback

In the design of adaptive filters, feedback can be utilized to improve the convergence rate and filtering accuracy. This letter introduces a feedback structure with multiple delay to design kernel adaptive filters. A regularized loss function is minimized by using the steepest descent method. The past information of output is therefore reused to update the filter weights in a recurrent fashion, resulting in a novel regularized kernel least mean square algorithm with multiple-delay feedback (RKLMS-MDF). Compared with other kernel adaptive filters with or without feedback, RKLMS-MDF can improve the filtering performance from the respects of the convergence rate and the steady-state mean square error.
Seeking Forgiveness: Theoretical Context and an Initial Empirical Study

While research on granting forgiveness has exploded recently, no theoretical or empirical attention has been directed at seeking forgiveness. We lay a theoretical base for the study of seeking forgiveness and report our initial study bearing on the concept. We investigate the potential role of some personality and developmental factors that might promote seeking forgiveness. Students (N = 232) who indicated having transgressed against a partner in the past year completed questionnaires on religiosity, age, developmental level of reasoning about forgiveness, narcissism, self-monitoring, and the level to which they had sought forgiveness. Neither religiosity nor age significantly predicted seeking forgiveness. Developmental level of reasoning about forgiveness predicted seeking forgiveness beyond religiosity and age. Narcissism and self-monitoring significantly predicted seeking forgiveness. We outline limitations of the study and implications for future research, clinical practice, and integration.
A reference method laboratory network for cholesterol: a model for standardization and improvement of clinical laboratory measurements.

BACKGROUND Accurate and precise measurement of blood cholesterol plays a central role in the National Cholesterol Education Program's strategy to reduce the morbidity and mortality attributable to coronary heart disease. Matrix effects hamper the ability of manufacturers to adequately calibrate and validate traceability to the National Reference System for Cholesterol (NRS/CHOL). CDC created the Cholesterol Reference Method Laboratory Network (CRMLN) to improve cholesterol measurement by assisting manufacturers of in vitro diagnostic products with validation of the traceability of their assays to the NRS/CHOL. METHODS CRMLN laboratories established the CDC cholesterol reference method (modification of the Abell-Levy-Brodie-Kendall chemical method) and are standardized using CDC frozen serum reference materials. CRMLN laboratories use common quality-control materials and participate in monthly external performance evaluations conducted by CDC. The CRMLN performance criteria require member laboratories to agree with CDC within +/-1.0% and maintain a CV < or =2.0%. RESULTS From 1995 to 200 the CRMLN laboratories met the accuracy criterion 97% of the time and the precision criterion 99% of the time. During this time period, the CRMLN maintained an average bias to CDC of 0.01% and an average collective CV of 0.33%. CONCLUSIONS CDC established the CRMLN as the first international reference method laboratory network. The CRMLN assists manufacturers in the validation of the calibration of their diagnostic products so that clinical laboratories can measure blood cholesterol more reliably. The CRMLN can serve as a model for other clinical analytes where traceability to a hierarchy of methods is needed and matrix effects of the field methods with processed calibrators or reference materials are present.
A Password-Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme for Ad Hoc Networks

A password-authenticated key agreement scheme based on Elliptic Curves Cryptography (ECC) for Ad hoc networks is presented. The scheme is composed of system initialization, identity-based (ID-based) password evolvement algorithm, identity authentication algorithm and session keys generation algorithm. The freshness and security of password are guaranteed by the sharing password evolvement mechanism every time in node's identity authentication. The self-certified key is used in the scheme to guarantee the reliability of the node' s identity and reduce requirement for data storage and traffic. The scheme combines password authentication with public key authentication and enjoys many secure properties such as forward security, backward security, key independence, etc. So that it can resist types of attack. The computation complexity and the communication overhead of the scheme are low. The scheme is independent of any group controller and is suitable for ad hoc networks.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Experiences during Off-Campus Observation: Basis for Improving the Roles of Teacher Education Institutions and Cooperating Schools

Observing experienced teachers is an indispensable part of practicum studies in teacher education. This paper examined the perceptions of pre-service teachers from five major fields of teacher education program on their experiences during off-campus observation in selected secondary schools. This used qualitative content analysis method in order to “subjectively interpret the content of text data through the systematic classification process of coding and identifying themes or patterns” (Hsieh & Shanon, 2005 p. 1278) . Data were taken from 136 pre-service teachers through open-ended questions and two high school principals, 10 cooperating teachers, six student supervisors and 12 pre-service teachers through Focus Group Interview (FGI) and Key Informant Interview (KII). Codes and emerging themes were derived using content analysis. Results showed 18 themes for desirable experiences and 24 themes for undesirable experiences. Pre-service teachers’ experiences mostly focused on students’ attitudes and behaviors. Suggestions to improve off-campus observation from multi-level participants of the study concentrated on preparedness, orientation programs, supervision and monitoring, personal attributes and roles, values, attitudes and behaviors, deployment, post conferences, supervisory plan, observation policies and guidelines, required documents, seminars, time management, evaluation, coordination, and cultural diversity. To sustain the desirable experiences, both cooperating teachers and student supervisors believed that their roles were to serve as model, guide, leader, monitor, planner, and motivator. The varied experiences of pre-service teachers imply that Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs) and cooperating schools should provide opportunities, develop competencies, take responsibilities and strengthen partnership to enhance off-campus observation.
Modifying the Inclusion of Other in Self (IOS) Scale and comparing residents’ and tourists’ perceived closeness with one another

A limitation of the IOS is that it does not account for distances individuals feel apart from one another. This work seeks to add an additional category to the traditional 7-point scale to account for no overlap between residents and tourists. The modified IOS displayed high reliability. An independent samples t-test revealed a significant difference between tourists’ (M = 4.58) and residents’ (M = 4.13) emotional closeness with one another. Future research opportunities are offered including further modification of the IOS to provide an equal number of response categories of a negative relationship (i.e., dislike) and positive relationship (i.e., closeness).
What does it mean for a woman to be diagnosed with postnatal depression

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Optimal design of FDI systems via parity space and observer based approaches

Model-based FDI (fault detection and isolation) schemes operate either in the parameter space (identification methods) or in the state space (observer-based or parity space methods). The authors compare the residuals which are generated by the observer-based and the parity space methods, show the link which exists between the two approaches, and give a geometrical interpretation of the relationship between the two projection spaces. The equivalence of the deadbeat observer and the generalized parity space is discussed in this framework. The authors discuss the optimal design of the FDI system according to the selected method. The optimal design of the FDI system with respect to robustness properties is based on orthogonality considerations. Since the projection space of the generalized parity space approach is included in the projection space of the observer-based one, the latter may be more powerful if all its degrees of freedom are actually used. <<ETX>>