Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fraction of the Dark Current Carried by Ca2+ through Cgmp-Gated Ion Channels of Intact Rod and Cone Photoreceptors

The selectivity for Ca2+ over Na+, PCa/PNa, is higher in cGMP-gated (CNG) ion channels of retinal cone photoreceptors than in those of rods. To ascertain the physiological significance of this fact, we determined the fraction of the cyclic nucleotide–gated current specifically carried by Ca2+ in intact rods and cones. We activated CNG channels by suddenly (<5 ms) increasing free 8Br-cGMP in the cytoplasm of rods or cones loaded with a caged ester of the cyclic nucleotide. Simultaneous with the uncaging flash, we measured the cyclic nucleotide–dependent changes in membrane current and fluorescence of the Ca2+-binding dye, Fura-2, also loaded into the cells. The ratio of changes in fura-2 fluorescence and the integral of the membrane current, under a restricted set of experimental conditions, is a direct measure of the fractional Ca2+ flux. Under normal physiological salt concentrations, the fractional Ca2+ flux is higher in CNG channels of cones than in those of rods, but it differs little among cones (or rods) of different species. Under normal physiological conditions and for membrane currents ≤200 pA, the Ca2+ fractional flux in single cones of striped bass was 33 ± 2%, and 34 ± 6% in catfish cones. Under comparable conditions, the Ca2+ fractional flux in rod outer segments of tiger salamander was 21 ± 1%, and 14 ± 1% in catfish rods. Fractional Ca2+ flux increases as extracellular Ca2+ rises, with a dependence well described by the Michaelis-Menten equation. KCa, the concentration at which Ca2+ fractional flux is 50% was 1.98 mM in bass cones and 4.96 mM in tiger salamander rods. Because Ca2+ fractional flux is higher in cones than in rods, light flashes that generate equal photocurrents will cause a larger change in cytoplasmic Ca2+ in cones than in rods.
POM152 is an integral protein of the pore membrane domain of the yeast nuclear envelope

We have identified a concanavalin A-reactive glycoprotein of 150 kD that coenriches with isolated yeast nuclear pore complexes. Molecular cloning and sequencing of this protein revealed a single canonical transmembrane segment. Epitope tagging and localization by both immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that it is a pore membrane protein. The protein was termed POM152 (for pore membrane protein of 152 kD) on the basis of its location and cDNA-deduced molecular mass. POM152 is likely to be a type II membrane protein with its NH2-terminal region (175 residues) and its COOH-terminal region (1,142 residues) positioned on the pore side and cisternal side of the pore membrane, respectively. The proposed cisternally exposed domain contains eight repetitive motifs of approximately 24 residues. Surprisingly, POM152 deletion mutants were viable and their growth rate was indistinguishable from that of wild-type cells at temperatures between 17 and 37 degrees C. However, overproduction of POM152 inhibited cell growth. When expressed in mouse 3T3 cells, POM152 was found to be localized to the pore membrane, suggesting a conserved sorting pathway between yeast and mammals.
Comparing functional connectivity based predictive models across datasets

Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) holds the promise of easy-to-acquire and widespectrum biomarkers. However, there are few predictivemodeling studies on resting state, and processing pipelines all vary. Here, we systematically study resting state functionalconnectivity (FC)-based prediction across three different cohorts. Analysis pipelines consist of four steps: Delineation of brain regions of interest (ROIs), ROI-level rs-fMRI time series signal extraction, FC estimation and linear model classification analysis of FC features. For each step, we explore various methodological choices: ROI set selection, FC metrics, and linear classifiers to compare and evaluate the dominant strategies for the sake of prediction accuracy. We achieve good prediction results on the three different targets. With regard to pipeline selection, we obtain consistent results in two pipeline steps -FC metrics and linear classifiers- that are vital in the diagnosis of rs-fMRI based disease biomarkers. Regarding brain ROIs selection, we observe that the effects of different diseases are best characterized by different strategies: Schizophrenia discrimination is best performed in dataset-specific ROIs, which is not clearly the case for other pathologies. Overall, we outline some dominant strategies, in spite of the specificity of each brain disease in term of FC pattern disruption.
Audio/visual mapping with cross-modal hidden Markov models

The audio/visual mapping problem of speech-driven facial animation has intrigued researchers for years. Recent research efforts have demonstrated that hidden Markov model (HMM) techniques, which have been applied successfully to the problem of speech recognition, could achieve a similar level of success in audio/visual mapping problems. A number of HMM-based methods have been proposed and shown to be effective by the respective designers, but it is yet unclear how these techniques compare to each other on a common test bed. In this paper, we quantitatively compare three recently proposed cross-modal HMM methods, namely the remapping HMM (R-HMM), the least-mean-squared HMM (LMS-HMM), and HMM inversion (HMMI). The objective of our comparison is not only to highlight the merits and demerits of different mapping designs, but also to study the optimality of the acoustic representation and HMM structure for the purpose of speech-driven facial animation. This paper presents a brief overview of these models, followed by an analysis of their mapping capabilities on a synthetic dataset. An empirical comparison on an experimental audio-visual dataset consisting of 75 TIMIT sentences is finally presented. Our results show that HMMI provides the best performance, both on synthetic and experimental audio-visual data.
Efficient Combined Machining of Electrospark-induced Controllable Combustion and Turning Dressing for TC4

Based on the theory of controllable combustion induced by electrical discharge, a new efficient processing technology, controllable combustion and turning dressing combined machining for TC4, is proposed. First, controllable electrospark-induced combustion occurs between the workpiece and the electrode under the condition of electrical discharge and high-pressure oxygen. Then, a combusted layer and a softening layer are formed on the workpiece, which can be removed by the turning tool. Simultaneously, the turning tool can trim the machined surface. The automatic feed control system of the combustion-inducing electrode and turning tool based on current and cutting force sampling is proposed to provide controllable, stable, and efficient combustion. Experimental results show that the processing method can provide better surface quality and reduce the wear of the electrode and tool. The machining efficiency is 46 times higher than the conventional electrical discharge machining turning and 1.8 times higher than the controllable combustion turning.
SAS+ Planning as Satisfiability

Planning as satisfiability is a principal approach to planning with many eminent advantages. The existing planning as satisfiability techniques usually use encodings compiled from STRIPS. We introduce a novel SAT encoding scheme (SASE) based on the SAS+ formalism. The new scheme exploits the structural information in SAS+, resulting in an encoding that is both more compact and efficient for planning. We prove the correctness of the new encoding by establishing an isomorphism between the solution plans of SASE and that of STRIPS based encodings. We further analyze the transition variables newly introduced in SASE to explain why it accommodates modern SAT solving algorithms and improves performance. We give empirical statistical results to support our analysis. We also develop a number of techniques to further reduce the encoding size of SASE, and conduct experimental studies to show the strength of each individual technique. Finally, we report extensive experimental results to demonstrate significant improvements of SASE over the state-of-the-art STRIPS based encoding schemes in terms of both time and memory efficiency.
In vitro–in vivo extrapolation of hepatic clearance: Biological tools, scaling factors, model assumptions and correct concentrations

Although the measurement of metabolite formation or substrate depletion in in vitro systems, from recombinant enzymes to tissue slices, is a relatively routine task, there are a number of more or less unresolved issues in the extrapolation of the enzymatic intrinsic clearance into hepatic metabolic clearance. Nominal concentrations of the drug added to the incubation system are not necessarily the concentration the transporter or the metabolizing enzyme sees. In addition, peculiarities of incubation set-ups should be assessed. Unbound drug fractions (concentrations) in the in vitro system itself should be measured or estimated for the appropriate assessment of enzymatic intrinsic clearance. In addition, blood and/or plasma concentrations to be encountered in the in vivo situation should be measured or estimated for the extrapolation. Extrapolation always means making a number of assumptions and the most important of these, such as scaling factors from recombinant enzymes, microsomes or hepatocytes to the mass unit of the liver, liver weight, blood flow, and distribution volume amongst others, and so on, should be explicitly stated and included in the extrapolation process. Despite all the above-mentioned reservations the in vitro–in vivo extrapolation of metabolic clearance seems to be a useful and mostly fairly precise tool for predicting the important pharmacokinetic processes of a drug.
MobileASL:: intelligibility of sign language video as constrained by mobile phone technology

For Deaf people, access to the mobile telephone network in the United States is currently limited to text messaging, forcing communication in English as opposed to American Sign Language (ASL), the preferred language. Because ASL is a visual language, mobile video phones have the potential to give Deaf people access to real-time mobile communication in their preferred language. However, even today's best video compression techniques can not yield intelligible ASL at limited cell phone network bandwidths. Motivated by this constraint, we conducted one focus group and one user study with members of the Deaf Community to determine the intelligibility effects of video compression techniques that exploit the visual nature of sign language. Inspired by eyetracking results that show high resolution foveal vision is maintained around the face, we studied region-of-interest encodings (where the face is encoded at higher quality) as well as reduced frame rates (where fewer, better quality, frames are displayed every second). At all bit rates studied here, participants preferred moderate quality increases in the face region, sacrificing quality in other regions. They also preferred slightly lower frame rates because they yield better quality frames for a fixed bit rate. These results show promise for realtime access to the current cell phone network through signlanguage-specific encoding techniques.
CT-guided 125I brachytherapy for recurrent ovarian cancer

This retrospective study was to evaluate the local control and survival of 125I brachytherapy for recurrent ovarian cancer. 52 125I brachytherapy procedures were performed in 47 patients with 51 recurrent ovarian cancer lesions. The follow-up period was 1-55 months (median 12 months). The local control rate (LC) of 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months was 93.3%, 77.7%, 58.9%, 38.7% and 19.3%, respectively. Patients with tumor size ≤ 4cm (85.7% vs 40.0%, P = 0.037) and actual D90 between 110 to 130Gy (47.4% vs 66.7% vs 62.5%, P = 0.029) had better LC. The 1, 2 and 3 years of overall survival (OS) was 79.3%, 63.0% and 52.5%, respectively. The poor performance status (HR 3.821, 95% CI 1.383-10.555; P = 0.010), concurrent distant metastasis (HR 9.222, 95% CI 1.710-49.737; P = 0.010) and large postoperative residual tumor size (HR 6.157, 95% CI 1.438-26.367; P = 0.014) were closely correlated with a poor OS. Our data indicate thatCT-guided 125I brachytherapy is an effective and safe modality for the local treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer.
Selective laser sintering of a crystalline and a glass-filled crystalline polymer: Experiments and simulations

Abstract A previously developed two-dimensional, thermal finite element simulation of the selective laser sintering (SLS) of amorphous polymers has been extended to the study of crystalline and composite crystalline polymers. Three developments were needed: the inclusion of the latent heat of melting; modification of the amorphous viscous sintering law to allow for the crystalline fraction of material during melting; and allowance for the CO2 laser radiation to be absorbed over a finite depth of the powder bed. The simulation is based on a continuum view of heat conduction in the powder bed. When it is applied to the SLS of nylon-12 parts, its predictions of how density and size accuracy depend on the laser energy absorbed by the powder bed can be brought into agreement with experiments by appropriate choices of sintering and absorption law parameters. However, when the simulation is applied to SLS of glass-filled nylon-11 parts, its in-plane size accuracy predictions are incorrect. It is speculated (based on experimental observations of sintered microstructure) that the continuum view of heat conduction is inadequate and that consideration must be given to differential absorption of laser radiation in the glass and polymer fractions of the powder. A final application of the simulation suggests that the ambient temperature of the powder bed must be held to within 4°C of its set value to maintain process accuracy.
A Speech Endpoint Detection Method Based on Wavelet Coefficient Variance and Sub-Band Amplitude Variance

Speech endpoint detection is one key technology for speech recognition. The paper proposed two kinds of endpoint detection methods: the algorithm based on the wavelet coefficient variance and the algorithm based on the sub-band average amplitude variance. Speech signal with noise was decomposed by wavelet to investigate the statistic characteristics of wavelet coefficient and sub-band amplitude. Their variances were extracted as feature to make endpoint detection. The first method's adaptability is better than the second method, but its complexity is higher than the second method. So the synthesized speech end-point detection algorithm that is consisted of above two methods was proposed. It can select a suitable way to make operation according to noise type. Thus it can increase system efficiency and implement endpoint detection. Simulations were made under different signal-to-noise ratios and the results show that this method is efficient to segment noisy speech even at a low signal-to-noise ratio
Classification of user interest patterns using a virtual folksonomy

User interest in topics and resources is known to be recurrent and to follow specific patterns, depending on the type of topic or resource. Traditional methods for predicting reoccurring patterns are based on ranking and associative models. In this paper we identify several 'canonical' patterns by clustering keywords related to visited resources, making use of a large repository of Web usage data. The keywords are derived from a 'virtual' folksonomy of tags assigned to these resources using a collaborative bookmarking system.
Design of a Semi-Active Semi-Passive Assistive Device for Sit-to-Stand Tasks

In this paper a robotic assistive device, aimed at assisting physically impaired individuals when rising from a sitting to a standing position, is presented. We investigate the standing up motion of aged people who requires to power support and typical standing up motion by nursing specialist. It has been shown that the contribution to the joint torques by the gravitational torques is dominant during sit-to-stand (STS) motion. To this end, a semi-active semi-passive assistive device is proposed. Design includes two parts: (a) Passive part uses auxiliary parallelograms to identify the center of mass of the system and appropriate springs connected to device to reduce the required joint torque. (b) Active part includes actuator with appropriate controller to provide the remaining joint torque. Using this device, users need insignificant force for STS movement; in particular, it improves the quality of life for individuals with difficulties in sitting down and standing up. This device is able to be portable and connected to a wheelchair.
A Framework for Adaptive Di erential Privacy

Di erential privacy is a widely studied theory for analyzing sensitive data with a strong privacy guarantee— any change in an individual’s data can have only a small statistical e ect on the result—and a growing number of programming languages now support di erentially private data analysis. A common shortcoming of these languages is poor support for adaptivity. In practice, a data analyst rarely wants to run just one function over a sensitive database, nor even a predetermined sequence of functions with xed privacy parameters; rather, she wants to engage in an interaction where, at each step, both the choice of the next function and its privacy parameters are informed by the results of prior functions. Existing languages support this scenario using a simple composition theorem, which often gives rather loose bounds on the actual privacy cost of composite functions, substantially reducing how much computation can be performed within a given privacy budget. The theory of di erential privacy includes other theorems with much better bounds, but these have not yet been incorporated into programming languages. We propose a novel framework for adaptive composition that is elegant, practical, and implementable. It consists of a reformulation based on typed functional programming of the privacy lters of Rogers et al. (2016), together with a concrete realization of this framework in the design and implementation of a new language, called Adaptive Fuzz. Adaptive Fuzz transplants the core static type system of Fuzz (Haeberlen et al. 2011) to the adaptive setting by wrapping the Fuzz typechecker and runtime system in an outer adaptive layer, allowing Fuzz programs to be conveniently constructed and typechecked on the y. We describe an interpreter for Adaptive Fuzz and report results from two case studies demonstrating its e ectiveness for implementing common statistical algorithms over real data sets.
Sliding mode control without reaching phase for multimachine power system combined with fuzzy PID based on PSS

The objective of this paper is to design a nonlinear robust controller for the multimachine power system. We present in this study a sliding mode control method without the reaching phase by modifying the terms of the output tracking error combined with the fuzzy Proportional Integral Derivative based on Power System Stabilizer (FPID-PSS). The Mamdani fuzzy inference is used in this study to find the optimal values of the three parameters (Kp, Ki, Kd) of (PID -PSS). The proposed approach is designed to eliminate completely the reaching phase and to enhance the stability and the dynamic response of the multimachine power system. In order to test the effectiveness of the proposed method, the simulation results show the damping of the oscillations of the angle and angular speed with reduced overshoots and quick settling time. Key-Words: Fuzzy Logic, Reaching Phase, Sliding Mode Control, Proportional Integral Derivative, Power System Stabilizer, Multimachine Power System.
Hybrid Constraints for Robust Parsing: First Experiments and Evaluation

In this paper we present IDEAL+, a parsing architecture for Italian, which pursues the goal of pairing robustness with deep linguistic analysis by extending a shallow processing kernel with a pool of hybrid constraints for the incremental identification of grammatical relations. The parsing output takes the form of dependency structures representing the full range of instantiated functional relations (e.g. subject, object, modifier, complement, etc.). The paper focuses on nature and interaction of the battery of hybrid constraints and evaluates their joint impact against a gold standard of more than 700 manually annotated sentences.
Dr . Detective : The Synonyms Game Thesis Design

It is estimated that 20% of medical diagnoses is incorrect [7, 9]. This is caused by limited human cognitive abilities. We are unable to know everything about every human on earth, and therefore cannot reason over this data. Cognitive systems such as IBM Watson can expand these cognitive abilities. These systems are able to reason over data, and interpret more effective than humans can. They are able to process and answer questions in natural language by finding evidence for the correct answer. However, it is difficult for these systems to interpret natural language because they need to be told what is right and what is wrong. Current methods for automating the extraction of this data have shown to be incomplete [14]. Crowdsourcing can solve this by gathering a complete ground truth [12]. In order to capture positive and negative synonym relations in medical texts, we propose a crowdsourcing experiment using the Crowd-Watson framework in order to create efficient templates for these annotation tasks.
A Randomized Phase II Study of Erlotinib Plus Nab-Paclitaxel Versus Erlotinib Alone as Second-Line Therapy for Chinese Patients with Advanced EGFR Wild-Type Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

ABSTRACT Erlotinib is a standard second-line therapy for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its efficacy for those patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild-type (WT) tumors is undecided. In this randomized phase II study, NSCLC patients with EGFR-WT tumors, who had been treated with platinum-based chemotherapy but still developed disease progression, were assigned to receive second-line treatment of erlotinib plus nab-paclitaxel or erlotinib alone. We found PFS and OS were significantly improved by erlotinib plus nab-paclitaxel. The adverse events were also well tolerable.