Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Onmitigating power and delay in VLSI interconnects

Long interconnects in very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits result in high delays and power dissipation, thereby degrading the performance of an integrated circuit. The feasibilities of minimizing both delay and power dissipation in long interconnects by insertion of voltage-scaled repeaters have been explored in this paper. The results show a decrease in optimum number of repeaters with voltage-scaling, resulting in reduction of silicon area consumed and lesser heating of the chip. The analytical results for delay have been verified using SPICE simulations and a good agreement between the two has been observed. The simulation results for 0.8 mum and 0.18 mum CMOS technologies have been given
ATALA 59 AUTOMATED CREATION OF A PARTIALLY SYNTACTICALLY ANNOTATED CORPUS OF MEDIEVAL PORTUGUESE USING CONTEMPORARY PORTUGUESE RESOURCES

We were faced with the ultimate goal of syntactically annotating Medieval Portuguese (MP) texts, of the 13 and 14 centuries. But there was a great deficit of language-specific computational resources available for the task. Namely, no grammar existed (or exists today), and only a very small body of lexical knowledge had been prepared. So we took the innovative stance of using existing resources of another language, namely a widecoverage grammar of Contemporary Portuguese (CP), with the hypothesis that the grammars of the two languages overlapped substantially. This hypothesis has proved truthful, and a good quality partially tree-annotated corpus of MP was actually produced. In fact, MP and CP differ mainly in their lexicons, especially in word spelling: MP takes more liberties on spelling, with many words having two, three or more different spellings. MP also uses outdated grammatical constructions such as subject-object-verb word order (in CP the canonical order is subject-verb-object). We were able to implement this cross-language reuse strategy because we developed and applied methods of non-deterministic lexical analysis and partial syntactic analysis. In section 2 we describe these methods in detail. Whereas other authors (Marcus M. et al. 1993, Hobbs J. et al. 1997) use resources that are language-specific and even domain-specific (law, technical, news, etc.), our approach is domain independent and resistant to language variations. The system works better if the input text is POS-tagged, which is relatively easy to obtain, in any language, with current tagging technology. So, our method is appropriate for bootstrapping in languages for which there are none or few computational resources.
Adjuvant treatment may benefit patients with high-risk upper rectal cancer: A nomogram and recursive partitioning analysis of 547 patients

Purpose The role of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (ACRT) or adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in treating patients with locally advanced upper rectal cancer (URC) after total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery remains unclear. We developed a clinical nomogram and a recursive partitioning analysis (RPA)-based risk stratification system for predicting 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) to determine whether these individuals require ACRT or ACT. Materials and Methods This retrospective analysis included 547 patients with primary URC. A nomogram was developed based on the Cox regression model. The performance of the model was assessed by concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve in internal validation with bootstrapping. RPA stratified patients into risk groups based on their tumor characteristics. Results Five independent prognostic factors (age, preoperative increased carcinoembryonic antigen and carcinoma antigen 19-9, positive lymph node [PLN] number, tumor deposit [TD], pathological T classification) were identified and entered into the predictive nomogram. The bootstrap-corrected C-index was 0.757. RPA stratification of the three prognostic groups showed obviously different prognosis. Only the high-risk group (patients with PLN ≤ 6 and TD, or PLN > 6) benefited from ACRT plus ACT when compared with surgery followed by ACRT or ACT, and surgery alone (5-year CSS: 70.8% vs. 57.8% vs. 15.6%, P < 0.001). Conclusions Our nomogram predicts 5-year CSS after TME surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer and RPA-based stratification indicates that ACRT plus ACT post-surgery may be an important treatment plan with potentially significant survival advantages in high-risk URC. This may help to select candidates of adjuvant treatment in prospective studies.
Exploring Quality Metrics to Support Defect Management Process in a Multi-site Organization - A Case Study

In large software development projects, the number of defects can be considerably high and defect management can become even more challenging when the development is distributed over several sites. Defect reduction solutions and commonly agreed defect management methods are needed to handle the defects and to meet the target quality level of the software, measured by the number of open defects. In this study, a combination of three quality metrics was used to support the defect management process in four consecutive multi-site software development programs involving several hundred people, and the result was compared to a program not using the described quality criteria set. According to the results, defect closing speed was improved, the number of open defects was reduced, and defects were reported earlier in programs that were using the quality metrics.
Estimating Species Trees from Quartet Gene Tree Distributions under the Coalescent Model

In this article we propose a new method, which we name 'quartet neighbor joining', or 'quartet-NJ', to infer an unrooted species tree on a given set of taxa T from empirical distributions of unrooted quartet gene trees on all four-taxon subsets of T. In particular, quartet-NJ can be used to estimate a species tree on T from distributions of gene trees on T. The quartet-NJ algorithm is conceptually very similar to classical neighbor joining, and its statistical consistency under the multispecies coalescent model is proved by a variant of the classical 'cherry picking'-theorem. In order to demonstrate the suitability of quartet-NJ, coalescent processes on two different species trees (on five resp. nine taxa) were simulated, and quartet-NJ was applied to the simulated gene tree distributions. Further, quartet-NJ was applied to quartet distributions obtained from multiple sequence alignments of 28 proteins of nine prokaryotes.
Optimal scheduling of campaigns on on-line forums

We consider the problem of devising optimal timing of on-line campaigns for diffusion of product or information in a population. In particular, we assume that the firm can influence the diffusion process by rolling out campaigns on online forums (we will refer to these as social media campaigns). The problem is to maximize the penetration of the product or given message in the population within the stipulated time. Taking the competitive Bass model as the model of diffusion dynamics, we pose the problem as continuous-time deterministic optimal control problem. We characterize optimal controls, present some numerical results and provide practical insights. We show that the optimal strategy has a simple and elegant structure. We also obtain strategy map which specify the maximum cost at which the firm must stop investing in social media campaigns. In contrast to earlier papers, we also model competition. This is not only close to reality but interestingly it allows to address some problems in completely different contexts. For example, in limiting the spread of misinformation about an entity or an Internet virus, the objective is to maximize nodes with correct information or security patches by immunizing them and/or incentivizing them to spread the information they have to their neighbors. Our work is, thus, applicable to these problems as well.
Genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence.

CONTEXT Alcohol dependence is a serious and common public health problem. It is well established that genetic factors play a major role in the development of this disorder. Identification of genes that contribute to alcohol dependence will improve our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this disorder. OBJECTIVE To identify susceptibility genes for alcohol dependence through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a follow-up study in a population of German male inpatients with an early age at onset. DESIGN The GWAS tested 524,396 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). All SNPs with P < 10(-4) were subjected to the follow-up study. In addition, nominally significant SNPs from genes that had also shown expression changes in rat brains after long-term alcohol consumption were selected for the follow-up step. SETTING Five university hospitals in southern and central Germany. PARTICIPANTS The GWAS included 487 male inpatients with alcohol dependence as defined by the DSM-IV and an age at onset younger than 28 years and 1358 population-based control individuals. The follow-up study included 1024 male inpatients and 996 age-matched male controls. All the participants were of German descent. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Significant association findings in the GWAS and follow-up study with the same alleles. RESULTS The GWAS produced 121 SNPs with nominal P < 10(-4). These, together with 19 additional SNPs from homologues of rat genes showing differential expression, were genotyped in the follow-up sample. Fifteen SNPs showed significant association with the same allele as in the GWAS. In the combined analysis, 2 closely linked intergenic SNPs met genome-wide significance (rs7590720, P = 9.72 x 10(-9); rs1344694, P = 1.69 x 10(-8)). They are located on chromosome region 2q35, which has been implicated in linkage studies for alcohol phenotypes. Nine SNPs were located in genes, including the CDH13 and ADH1C genes, that have been reported to be associated with alcohol dependence. CONCLUSIONS This is the first GWAS and follow-up study to identify a genome-wide significant association in alcohol dependence. Further independent studies are required to confirm these findings.
New techniques for out-of-core visualization of large datasets

We present a practical system to visualize large datasets interactively on commodity PCs. Interactive visualization has applications in many areas, including computer-aided design, engineering, entertainment, and training. Traditionally, visualization of large datasets has required expensive high-end graphics workstations. Recently, with the exponential trend of higher performance and lower cost of PC graphics cards, inexpensive PCs are becoming an attractive alternative to high-end machines. But a barrier in exploiting this potential is the small memory size of typical PCs. Our system uses new out-of-core techniques to visualize datasets much larger than main memory. In a preprocessing phase, we build a hierarchical decomposition of the dataset using an octree, precompute coefficients used for visibility determination, and create levels of detail. At runtime, we use multiple threads to overlap visibility computation, cache management, and rasterization. The structure of the octree and the visibility coefficients are kept in main memory. The contents of the octree nodes are loaded on demand from disk into a cache. To find the visible set, we use a fast approximate algorithm followed by a hardware-assisted conservative algorithm. To hide I/O latency, a separate thread prefetches nodes that are likely to become visible. We also describe a sort-first parallel extension of the system that uses a cluster of PCs to drive a high-resolution, multi-tile screen. A client process interacts with the user, and a set of server processes render the screen tiles. To avoid sending the entire dataset from the client to the severs every frame, the servers access the dataset from a shared file system or from a local copy on disk. Putting the 1/O load on the server side makes the network bandwidth requirements low and the architecture scalable. Using a cluster of 16 PCs, the system can generate high resolution images (12 megapixels) of large datasets (4 gigabytes) at interactive frame rates (10 frames per second). Thus, our system is a cost-effective alternative to high-end machines, and can help bring visualization of large datasets to a broader audience.
Quantitative Macroeconomics Working Paper Series Solution of Perfect Foresight Saddlepoint Problems: a Simple Method and Applications Solution of Perfect Foresight Saddlepoint Problems: a Simple Method and Applications

Economists frequently connne themselves to the qualitative analysis of continuous optimization problems or they restrict their quantitative analysis to inaccurate methods like lineariza-tion around the steady state. The fact that the solution is characterized by an inherently unstable adjustment path arriving at a boundary value in innnite time, however, does not necessarily imply a complicated solution method. The paper explains and demonstrates the method of backward integration, a recursive solution method that does not only reveal the exact adjustment path but that is also very easy to use. Economists frequently connne themselves to the qualitative analysis of continuous optimization problems or they restrict their quantitative analysis to inaccurate methods like lineariza-tion around the steady state. The fact that the solution is characterized by an inherently unstable adjustment path arriving at a boundary value in innnite time, however, does not necessarily imply a complicated solution method. The paper explains and demonstrates the method of backward integration, a recursive solution method that does not only reveal the exact adjustment path but that is also very easy to use.
Prosodic Focus Marking in Minority L1 Bai-Children Learning Mandarin Chinese as L2

An important function of prosody is to highlight new information in a sentence (i.e. focus). In languages that use prosody for marking focus, the prosodic cues involved differ from one language to another. For instance, some languages, such as English (Cooper et al. 1985), Dutch (Rump and Collier 1996; Chen 2009) and Mandarin (Xu 1999; Yang and Chen 2014a), not only expand the pitch range and lengthen the duration of the focal constituent, but also compress the pitch range and intensity of the post-focal constituent. However, other languages only exploit duration for the same purpose, such as Hong Kong Cantonese (Wu and Xu 2010), Tsat (Wang et al. 2012) and Bai (Liu et al. 2014). Due to these observed cross-linguistic differences in the manner of marking focus prosodically, the acquisition of prosodic focus marking in L2 learners who acquire another language after early childhood (i.e. late bilinguals) and bilinguals who acquire two languages in early childhood (i.e. simultaneous bilinguals and sequential bilinguals) has recently received considerable attention (Chen and Guion-Anderson 2012; He et al. 2011; Nava and Zubizarreta 2008; Chen et al. 2014). It has been found that similarity between the learners’ L1 and L2 did not necessarily lead to the attainment of native-like prosodic focus marking in late bilinguals’ L2. For instance, He et al. (2011) found that Mandarin learners of Dutch did not acquire phonetic implementation of focus accentuation in Dutch, although Mandarin and Dutch mark focus in a similar manner: expanding the pitch range and the duration of the focal constituent and compressing the pitch range and duration of the post-focal constituent. Similarly, Chen and Guion-Anderson (2012) found that native English speakers
Black ring deconstruction

We present a sample microstate for a black ring in four and five dimensional language. The microstate consists of a black string microstate with an additional D6-brane. We show that with an appropriate choice of parameters the piece involving the black string microstate falls down a long AdS throat, whose M-theory lift is AdS_3 x S2. We wrap a spinning dipole M2-brane on the S2 in the probe approximation. In IIA, this corresponds to a dielectric D2-brane carrying only D0-charge. We conjecture this is the first approximation to a cloud of D0-branes blowing up due to their non-abelian degrees of freedom and the Myers effect.
The Four Causes of Hypnosis

Aristotle’s model of comprehension involves the description of a phenomenon and identification of its efficient causes (triggers), material cause (substrate), formal cause (models of structure), and final cause (function). This causal analysis provides a framework for understanding hypnosis and the hypnotic state. States are constellations of parameters within specified ranges; they name, but do not explain, a phenomenon. Concerns about reification of states arematters of semantics and pragmatics, not ontology. Isolation of efficient causes (e.g., procedure, context, social variables) is but one component of understanding. Experimental, technical, andconceptual advanceshavecarried us into a century where the substrates and functions of hypnosismay be represented in synoptic theories that comprise all 4 causes of hypnosis.
The Nomological Network of Emotion Recognition Ability

Abstract. The ability to recognize other people’s emotions from their face, voice, and body (emotion recognition ability, ERA) is crucial to successful functioning in private and professional life. The Geneva Emotion Recognition Test (GERT; Schlegel, Grandjean, & Scherer, 2014 ) is a new instrument to measure ERA in a more ecologically valid way than previous tests. In this article, we report the results of five studies examining the test’s construct validity with a total N of 1,284. We found that the GERT was highly positively correlated with other performance-based tests measuring ERA and emotional intelligence (EI), as well as with cognitive intelligence. GERT scores were also related to higher self-reported empathy, openness, and neuroticism, and to better social adjustment. Furthermore, higher GERT scores were related to lower anxiety, anger expressivity, and alexithymia. In line with previous findings, women scored higher than men and GERT performance declined with increasing age. Taken together, these results provide considerable evidence for the construct validity of the GERT and for ERA as an adaptive skill that likely facilitates better life outcomes.
Secure Data Storage in Cloud by Decentralized Access Control

Cloud computing is recently developed new emerging technology for complex systems with massive-scale services sharing among numerous users, where user can rent the storage and computing resources of server provided by a company. Users only require a terminal, a smart phone or tablet connected to the internet. Cloud can store huge amount of data, so the mobile users do not have to carry their data. Therefore, security of data, privacy of user and authentication of both users and services is a significant issue for the trust and security of cloud computing. In order to achieve safe storage, we proposed a secure cloud storage scheme providing access to the data using RSA publickey encryption algorithm and digital signature scheme. In this scheme, the cloud verifies the authenticity of the series without knowing the user’s identity before storing data. Access control feature is also added by which only a valid users are able to decrypt the stored information. This scheme also prevents replay attack and supports creation, modification, and reading data stored in cloud. Time based user Revocation scheme is also used. Also we compared performance of our system with the 3DES system on the basis of encryption and decryption of data.
The designs of low power AC-DC converter for power electronics system applications

This paper reviews low power AC-DC converter in different techniques capable of developing high efficiency of energy consumption in many applications. By using low power AC-DC converter, the size of whole system integrated circuit could be reduced. However, the requirements of CMOS converter that required low input voltage and low voltage drop of MOS transistors is discussed. Different techniques in different application are implemented to overcome those problems. In this paper, the reviews of low power AC-DC converters have been focused for energy harvesting systems and wireless power devices only. These AC-DC converters consume several micro-watts from small ac or rf signal voltage and achieve excellent performance in terms of power efficiency. However, the power efficiency of AC-DC converter system is actually highly correlated to the relationship between voltage and the alternating current in ac source. It is because, an in-phase voltage and current in alternating current source is causing in good power factor performance. Power factor correction, PFC is important in many single-phase AC-DC converter circuits to reduce harmonic distortion, hence increase power efficiency of electric appliances. Therefore, the low power AC-DC converter with PFC is proposed. The post-layout of low power AC-DC converter is designed by using the Silterra 0.18 μm technology. The whole post-layout AC-DC converter circuit consumes only 50 μW and works in low voltage, 1V. The power efficiency of whole system also improved to 93%. The proposed low power AC-DC converter with PFC is suitable for future power electronics systems such as battery charger and energy conversion devices.
Extracting Useful Advice From Conflicting Expertise

A method for automatically identifying areas of disagreement and their sources is presented for multiexpert knowledge-based systems in the context of the Prospector consultation system. It employs performance evaluation techniques in combination with the explanatory facilities present in many expert systems to assist the user of an expert system in deciding which among several possibly conflicting expert opinions he should choose.
Drift and parameter compensated flux estimator for persistent zero stator frequency operation of sensorless controlled induction motors

The performance of sensorless controlled induction motors is poor at very low speed. The reasons are the limited accuracy of stator voltage acquisition and the presence of offset and drift components in the acquired signals. To overcome these problems, a pure integrator is employed for stator flux estimation. The time-variable DC offset voltage is estimated from the flux drift in a parallel stator model and used to eliminate the offset by feedforward control. Residual high-frequency disturbances are compensated by feedback flux amplitude control. A linearization of the PWM inverter transfer function and an improved stator resistance estimation scheme further enhance the system performance. Experiments demonstrate high dynamic performance of sensorless control at extreme low speed and zero stator frequency.
Fault Prediction OO Systems Using the Conceptual Cohesion of Classes

— High cohesion is desirable property in software systems to achieve reusability and maintainability. In this project we are measures for cohesion in Object-Oriented (OO)[10] software reflect particular interpretations of cohesion and capture different aspects of it. In existing approaches the cohesion is calculate from the structural information for example method attributes and references. In conceptual cohesion of classes, i.e. in our project we are calculating the unstructured information from the source code such as comments and identifiers. Unstructured information is embedded in the source code. To retrieve the unstructured information from the source code Latent Semantic Indexing is used. A large case study on three open source software systems is presented which compares the new measure with an extensive set of existing metrics and uses them to construct models that predict software faults[9]. In our project we are achieving the high cohesion and we are predicting the fault in Object –Oriented Systems. This paper presents the principles and the technology that stand behind the C3 measure. A large case study on three open source software systems is presented which compares the new measure with an extensive set of existing metrics and uses them to construct models that predict software faults.