Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Method for Microblog User Influence Evaluation based on Transfer Entropy

Micro-blog is essentially a kind of web service platform, and it had a wide space with the development of mobile Internet. As an important part of social network, influences among the micro-blog users are becoming a hot spot in the research of the micro-blog. This work has a very important theoretical and practical significance for monitoring public opinion. Through the analysis of user’s behavior patterns using the transfer Entropy theory, this paper set up an improved model for better evaluating micro-blog users’ influences. We processed and analyzed micro-blog users’ behaviors based on time series, and focused on the users’ “tweet”, “retweet”, “comment” and “call”(@) behavior patterns. In turn, this would allow us to gain a better understanding of the characteristics of the new web service platform, and at the same time to find its potential values for researches and applications. To validate our method, we crawled data from the Sina weibo, and these data was processed and analyzed by our method in this paper. The experiment result showed that our method performed well on evaluating users’ influences.
Roweis-Saul Classifier for Machine Learning

In 2000, Saul and Roweis proposed locally linear embedding as a tool for nonlinear dimensionality reduction [1,2]. In this paper, we modify the LLE algorithm and formulate it as a classi(cid:28)er in a manner reminiscent of He et al [3] and name it after Roweis and Saul. Our experiments with the ORL, YALE, FERET face databases and MNIST handwritten database show that our classi(cid:28)er has recognition rates of 95.41%, 95.55%, 95.41% and 92.50% respectively, clearly outperforming the baseline PCA and LDA classi(cid:28)ers as well as the recently proposed Laplacianfaces. We propose a modi(cid:28)cation to the training phase of the classi(cid:28)er by perturbing the within class entries of the reconstruction matrix constructed during the training phase. This perturbation leads to an increase in the success rates for some datasets. We point out the relationship between the Roweis-Saul classi(cid:28)er and PCA and LDA. Various hypothesis tests have been suggested for comparing classi(cid:28)ers [4,5]. We apply some of the hypothesis tests suggested by Dietterich and Alpaydin to compare the Roweis-Saul classi(cid:28)er and the Laplacianfaces and show that the Roweis-Saul classi(cid:28)er outperforms the Laplacianfaces for the datasets considered here.
Topology Evolution in P2P Distributed Networks

P2P-networks become more and more interesting not only because of the emergence of file sharing systems like Gnutella. Such decentralized systems have a lot of advantages compared to centralized client-server systems. However, information search is still a central problem in such P2P web communities, since the used complete search with message chains may cause high search response times. In this paper we emphasize that these search times can be significantly influenced by the message forward algorithm and by the topology of the community, which can be easily changed by respective, local executed algorithms. For doing so, content and traffic oriented methods were proposed. Their efficiency has been proved through a simulation and the respective results.
Configuration management of computer programs by the Air Force: principles and documentation

This paper is addressed to Air Force concepts relating to configuration management of computer programs. For this meeting, our purpose is to summarize the nature of the concepts, and to present an introductory outline of the documentation and procedures. Although we are using the Air Force terminology and phased system program relationships, it should be recognized that the same general principles, and many of the particulars, are also in process of being adapted for use by the other military services and NASA. The basic standards lend themselves to general application in the formal management of computer programming projects.
Adaptive security and privacy in smart grids: A software engineering vision

Despite the benefits offered by smart grids, energy producers, distributors and consumers are increasingly concerned about possible security and privacy threats. These threats typically manifest themselves at runtime as new usage scenarios arise and vulnerabilities are discovered. Adaptive security and privacy promise to address these threats by increasing awareness and automating prevention, detection and recovery from security and privacy requirements' failures at runtime by re-configuring system controls and perhaps even changing requirements. This paper discusses the need for adaptive security and privacy in smart grids by presenting some motivating scenarios. We then outline some research issues that arise in engineering adaptive security. We particularly scrutinize published reports by NIST on smart grid security and privacy as the basis for our discussions.
Photoluminescent Energy Level Diagrams

Fluorescence and phosphorescence are types of molecular luminescence methods. A molecule of analyte absorbs a photon and excites a species. The emission spectrum can provide qualitative and quantitative analysis. The term fluorescence and phosphorescence are usually referred as photoluminescence because both are alike in excitation brought by absorption of a photon. Fluorescence differs from phosphorescence in that the electronic energy transition that is responsible for fluorescence does not change in electron spin, which results in short-live electrons (<10-5 s) in the excited state of fluorescence. In phosphorescence, there is a change in electron spin, which results in a longer lifetime of the excited state (second to minutes). Fluorescence and phosphorescence occurs at longer wavelength than the excitation radiation.
Management & control of hybrid power system

Promotion of distributed renewable energy sources is an economical off grid energy solution for remote locations providing both social and environmental advantages. Integration of different types of renewable energy sources presents challenge in terms of their power management, control & stability. This paper presents power management of microgrid comprising of wind, microturbine as the sources, Battery energy storage system as stabilizer along with AC/DC load network connected by bidirectional converter. Control strategy and energy management of distributed sources is proposed for achieving smooth transfer of power and stable operation of system. Hybrid system consist of wind, Microturbine generator system and storage system is modeled and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK® for different load and source variation scenarios. The simulation results shows that the system can maintain stable operation under the proposed method of control under varying conditions and also when the system is switched between autonomous and grid-tied modes maintaining voltage and frequency within limits.
An assessment of climate state reconstructions obtained using particle filtering methods

In an idealized framework, we assess reconstructions of the climate state of the southern hemisphere during the past 150 years using the climate model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM and three data-assimilation methods: a nudging, a particle filter with sequential importance resampling, and an extremely efficient particle filter. The methods constrain the model by pseudo-observations of surface air temperature anomalies obtained from a twin experiment using the same model but different initial conditions. The net of the pseudo-observations is chosen to be either dense (when the pseudo-observations are given at every grid cell of the model) or sparse (when the pseudo-observations are given at the same locations as the dataset of instrumental surface temperature records HADCRUT3). All three data-assimilation methods provide with good estimations of surface air temperature and of sea ice concentration, with the extremely efficient particle filter having the best performance. When reconstructing variables that are not directly linked to the pseudo-observations of surface air temperature as atmospheric circulation and sea surface salinity, the performance of the particle filters is weaker but still satisfactory for many applications. Sea surface salinity reconstructed by the nudging, however, exhibits a patterns opposite to the pseudoobservations, which is due to a spurious impact of the nudging on the ocean mixing.
Effect of winter cold duration on spring phenology of the orange tip butterfly, Anthocharis cardamines

Abstract The effect of spring temperature on spring phenology is well understood in a wide range of taxa. However, studies on how winter conditions may affect spring phenology are underrepresented. Previous work on Anthocharis cardamines (orange tip butterfly) has shown population‐specific reaction norms of spring development in relation to spring temperature and a speeding up of post‐winter development with longer winter durations. In this experiment, we examined the effects of a greater and ecologically relevant range of winter durations on post‐winter pupal development of A. cardamines of two populations from the United Kingdom and two from Sweden. By analyzing pupal weight loss and metabolic rate, we were able to separate the overall post‐winter pupal development into diapause duration and post‐diapause development. We found differences in the duration of cold needed to break diapause among populations, with the southern UK population requiring a shorter duration than the other populations. We also found that the overall post‐winter pupal development time, following removal from winter cold, was negatively related to cold duration, through a combined effect of cold duration on diapause duration and on post‐diapause development time. Longer cold durations also lead to higher population synchrony in hatching. For current winter durations in the field, the A. cardamines population of southern UK could have a reduced development rate and lower synchrony in emergence because of short winters. With future climate change, this might become an issue also for other populations. Differences in winter conditions in the field among these four populations are large enough to have driven local adaptation of characteristics controlling spring phenology in response to winter duration. The observed phenology of these populations depends on a combination of winter and spring temperatures; thus, both must be taken into account for accurate predictions of phenology.
Financial Reporting Frequency, Information Asymmetry, and the Cost of Equity

Using hand-collected data on firms’ interim reporting frequency from 1951 to 1973, we examine the impact of financial reporting frequency on information asymmetry and the cost of equity. Our results show that higher reporting frequency reduces information asymmetry and the cost of equity, and they are robust towards considerations of the endogenous nature of firms’ reporting frequency choice. We obtain similar results when we focus on mandatory changes in reporting frequency. Our results suggest the benefits of increased reporting frequency.
Learning Parameters of the K-Means Algorithm From Subjective Human Annotation

The New York Public Library is participating in the Chronicling America initiative to develop an online searchable database of historically significant newspaper articles. Microfilm copies of the papers are scanned and high resolution OCR software is run on them. The text from the OCR provides a wealth of data and opinion for researchers and historians. However, the categorization of articles provided by the OCR engine is rudimentary and a large number of the articles are labeled ``editorial" without further categorization. To provide a more refined grouping of articles, unsupervised machine learning algorithms (such as K-Means) are being investigated. The K-Means algorithm requires tuning of parameters such as the number of clusters and mechanism of seeding to ensure that the search is not prone to being caught in a local minima. We designed a pilot study to observe whether humans are adept at finding sub-categories. The subjective labels provided by humans are used as a guide to compare performance of the automated clustering techniques. In addition, seeds provided by annotators are carefully incorporated into a semi-supervised K-Means algorithm (Seeded K-Means); empirical results indicate that this helps to improve performance and provides an intuitive sub-categorization of the articles labeled ``editorial" by the OCR engine.
Isomeron: Code Randomization Resilient to (Just-In-Time) Return-Oriented Programming

Until recently, it was widely believed that code randomization (such as fine-grained ASLR) can effectively mitigate code reuse attacks. However, a recent attack strategy, dubbed just-in-time return oriented programming (JIT-ROP), circumvents code randomization by disclosing the (randomized) content of many memory pages at runtime. In order to remedy this situation, new and improved code randomization defenses have been proposed. The contribution of this paper is twofold: first, we conduct a security analysis of a recently proposed fine-grained ASLR scheme that aims at mitigating JIT-ROP based on hiding direct code references in branch instructions. In particular, we demonstrate its weaknesses by constructing a novel JIT-ROP attack that is solely based on exploiting code references residing on the stack and heap. Our attack stresses that designing code randomization schemes resilient to memory disclosure is highly challenging. Second, we present a new and hybrid defense approach, dubbed Isomeron, that combines code randomization with execution-path randomization to mitigate conventional ROP and JIT-ROP attacks. Our reference implementation of Isomeron neither requires source code nor a static analysis phase. We evaluated its efficiency based on SPEC benchmarks and discuss its effectiveness against various kinds of code reuse attacks.
Fe b 20 06 A LES-Langevin model for turbulence

We propose a new model of turbulence for use in large-eddy simulations (LES). The turbulent force, represented here by the turbulent Lamb vector, is divided in two contributions. The contribution including only subfilter fields is deterministically modeled through a classical eddy-viscosity. The other contribution including both filtered and subfilter scales is dynamically computed as solution of a generalized (stochastic) Langevin equation. This equation is derived using Rapid Distortion Theory (RDT) applied to the subfilter scales. The general friction operator therefore includes both advection and stretching by the resolved scale. The stochastic noise is derived as the sum of a contribution from the energy cascade and a contribution from the pressure. The LES model is thus made of an equation for the resolved scale, including the turbulent force, and a generalized Langevin equation integrated on a twice-finer grid. We compare the full model with several approximations. In the first one, the friction operator of the Langevin equation is simply replaced by an empirical constant, of the order of the resolved scale correlation time. In the second approximation, the integration is replaced by a condition of instantaneous adjustment to the stochastic force. In this approximation, our model becomes equivalent to the velocity-estimation model of Domaradzki et al. [7, 5, 8]. In the isotropic, homogeneous situations we study, both approximations provide satisfactory results, at a reduced computational cost. The model is finally validated by comparison to DNS and is tested against classical LES models for isotropic homogeneous turbulence, based on eddy viscosity. We show that even in this situation, where no walls are present, our inclusion of backscatter through the Langevin equation results in a better description of the flow.
The Dark Side of the Insider: Detecting the Insider Threat through Examination of Dark Triad Personality Traits

Efforts to understand what goes on in the mind of an insider have taken a back seat to developing technical controls, yet insider threat incidents persist. We examine insider threat incidents with malicious intent and propose an explanation through a relationship between Dark Triad personality traits and the insider threat. Although Dark Triad personality traits have emerged in insider threat cases and deviant workplace behavior studies, they have not been labeled as such and little empirical research has examined this phenomenon. This paper builds on previous research on insider threat and introduces ten propositions concerning the relationship between Dark Triad personality traits and insider threat behavior. We include behavioral antecedents based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Capability Means Opportunity (CMO) model and the factors affecting those antecedents. This research addresses the behavioral aspect of the insider threat and provides new information in support of academics and practitioners.
Structural flexibility and functional versatility of mammalian P450 enzymes

P450 enzymes have evolved into a large superfamily that displays great diversity in substrate and product specificities by fixing the natural amino acid substitutions with high frequency. Site‐directed mutagenesis has been used to correlate the substitutions with the diverse specificities in various P450s. As a result, the common residues that determine the specificities of various mammalian P450s have been identified and aligned to the corresponding residues in the substrate‐heme pocket of the 3‐dimensional structures of bacterial P450s. The substrate‐heme pocket appears to be structurally variable so that only a minor substitution (Ala ŕ ŕ Val, for example) at the critical positions is enough to define the altered specificity. Thus, the structural variability of the P450s provides the inherent versa‐tility in acquiring a novel activity. Recent mutational studies indicate that the side chain size is the major determining factor of specificity, outweighing other factors such as polarity. Further understanding of the paradoxical characteristics observed may provide us with the underlying principles that determine P450 activities, and may lead to the ability to predict P450 activities based on the types of key amino acid residues. —Negishi, M. , Uno, T. , Darden, T. A. , Sueyoshi, T. , Pedersen, L. G. Structural flexibility and functional versatility of mammalian P4S0 en‐zymes. FASEBJ. 10, 683‐689 (1996)
Assessing the compliance of emissions from MF broadcast transmitters-including exposure guidelines

This article defines the theoretical maximum electric and magnetic field strengths and induced leg currents that people could be exposed to at MF broadcasting frequencies, without the basic restrictions being exceeded. The article is based on a contract report, prepared for BBC World Service by the Radiation Protection Division of the UK Health Protection Agency (HPA). An overview of this HPA report is provided by Mike Hate of BBC World Service.
P'urhepecha hyperraising to object: An argument for purely altruistic movement

Classical syntactic theory was designed to ensure that raising would be able to proceed out of infinitival clauses, but not out of finite clauses. However, it has since become clear that a number of languages in fact allow raising out of finite clauses (hyperraising). This paper argues that the Mexican isolate P'urhepecha—more specifically, the variety spoken on the island of Janitzio on Lake Patzcuaro—allows hyperraising to object (cf. Bruening 2002, Tanaka 2002, Halpert & Zeller 2015, Deal 2016), and develops an analysis of this phenomenon on which it involves two steps of purely altruistic (target-driven) movement—i.e., movement driven exclusively by a featural requirement of an attracting head. Alternative analyses of the phenomenon based on Greed (Chomsky 1995, Boskovic 2007, a.o.) or Labeling (Chomsky 2013, 2015, a.o.) are considered and shown to face serious problems. P'urhepecha hyperraising to object, then, sheds light on the driving force for movement: it provides an argument for Enlightened Self-Interest (Lasnik 1995, 2003, a.o.), the hypothesis that movement may be driven by a feature either of the moving element or (as here) of an attracting head. The phenomenon also narrows down the space of possibilities for understanding the A/Ā-distinction.
Performance Improvement in Vslam Using Stabilized Feature Points

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is the main prerequisite for the autonomy of a mobile robot. In this paper, we present a novel method that enhances the consistency of the map using stabilized corner features. The proposed method integrates template matching based video stabilization and Harris corner detector. Extracting Harris corner features from stabilized video consistently increases the accuracy of the localization. Data coming from a video camera and odometry are fused in an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to determine the pose of the robot and build the map of the environment. Simulation results validate the performance improvement obtained by the proposed technique.
Electrocortical and behavioral measures of response monitoring in young children during a Go/No-Go task.

The current study examined behavioral measures and response-locked event-related brain potentials (ERPs) derived from a Go/No-Go task in a large (N = 328) sample of 5- to 7-year-olds in order to better understand the early development of response monitoring and the impact of child age and sex. In particular, the error-related negativity (ERN, defined on both error trials alone and the difference between error and correct trials, or ΔERN), correct response negativity (CRN), and error positivity (P(e)) were examined. Overall, the ERN, CRN, and the P(e) were spatially and temporally similar to those measured in adults and older children. Even within our narrow age range, older children were faster and more accurate; a more negative ΔERN and a more positive P(e) were associated with: increasing age, increased accuracy, and faster reaction times on errors, suggesting these enhanced components reflected more efficient response monitoring of errors over development. Girls were slower and more accurate than boys, although both genders exhibited comparable ERPs. Younger children and girls were characterized by increased posterror slowing, although they did not demonstrate improved posterror accuracy. Posterror slowing was also related to a larger P(e) and reduced posterror accuracy. Collectively, these data suggest that posterror slowing may be unrelated to cognitive control and may, like the P(e), reflect an orienting response to errors.
A Method for Optimizing Test Bus Assignment and Sizing for System-on-a-Chip

Test access mechanism (TAM) is an important element of test access architectures for embedded cores and is responsible for on-chip test patterns transport from the source to the core under test to the sink. Efficient TAM design is of critical importance in SOC system integration since it directly impacts testing time and cost. In this paper, we propose an efficient genetic algorithm to design test access architectures while investigating test bus sizing and assignment of cores to test buses in the system. We present experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of our method while outperforming reported techniques.