Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transition with Dignity: From Special School to Community Life Understood in Partnership with Individuals with Significant Disabilities

At the critical life stage of leaving school, many young adults are excited for their future. This is not always the case, however, for students with significant disability. After a systematic literature review of transition research, two essential concerns arose: Students with significant disability experience dismal outcomes compared to their mainstream peers, and they have been alienated from their own transition planning, as well as from the pertaining research. The purpose of this study was to examine transition from the perspectives of those living the experience. Six-month ethnography was guided by three young men, who exited segregated special schools into the early stage of adult life in Aotearoa New Zealand. Fieldwork involved extensive observation and adapted interviews tailored to each young man. Data were also collected from transition informants (parents, teachers, transition providers), and review of key artefacts (documents, photographs, video). Working in partnership, the young men reclaimed their position as experts on their own transition. Their voices, whether audible or non-verbal, were privileged above all others. Analysis was conducted in multiple, inductive and deductive, waves. Using an inductive approach, two themes emerged that impacted the three transitions: trialling post-school options and a lack of collaboration between transition partners called here, silos. Deductive analysis framed by the capability approach (Nussbaum, 2000; Sen, 1999) involved noticing and naming the young men’s personal capabilities, then reviewing the way they informed each transition. While individual transition experiences varied, insufficient trialling of post-school options hindered the young men’s sense of belonging in post-school life. This issue was exacerbated by the lack of collaboration between those who planned transition, to the extent that teachers and the students themselves were excluded. Case narratives were used to articulate the difference in experiences of each young man, tied together by unifying transition artefacts of timetable organisers. The research findings were considered alongside prior research in order to form a counternarrative. Commonly understood transition experiences for individuals with significant disability were refuted, holding practical, theoretical, and methodological implications. Reconceptualised transitions were grounded in the genuine opportunities each young man could have to construct a thriving life of personal priority. A transition with dignity.
Calculating a Path Algorithm 1 Problem Statement

A calculational derivation is given of an abstract path algorithm, one instance of the algorithm being Dijkstra's shortest-path algorithm, another being breadth-rst/depth-rst search of a directed graph. The basis for the derivation is the algebra of regular languages. Given is a (non-empty) set N and a j N j j N j matrix A, the rows and columns of which are indexed by elements of N. It is assumed that the matrix elements are drawn from a regular algebra 1 (S; +; ; ; 0; 1) having the two additional properties that the ordering induced 2 by + is a total ordering (1) on the elements of S; and 1 is the largest element in the ordering: (2) In addition to N and A, one is given a 1jN j matrix b. Hereafter 1jN j matrices will be called \vectors", 1 1 matrices will be called \elements" and j N j j N j matrices will be called \matrices". The problem is to derive an algorithm to compute the vector b A whereby the primitive terms in the algorithm do not involve the \" operator. 2 Interpretations The relevance and interest of the stated problem is that it is an abstraction from several path problems on labelled, directed graphs. Let G = (N; E) be a directed graph with node set N and labelled-edge set E, the labels being drawn from some regular algebra (S; +; ; ; 0; 1). Then (as we deem known, see for instance 3] and 7],) there is a correspondence between edge sets E and j N j j N j matrices A whereby the (i; j)th element of A equals the label of the edge from node i to node j in the graph, if present, and 0 otherwise. (For graphs with multiple edges, the correspondence will be adjusted later; note that absent edges and edges with label 0 are not distinguished.) 1 Sometimes known as the algebra of regular languages. See 2] for the axiomatisation of regular algebra assumed here. 2 x y x + y = y
Performance analysis of a VoIP access architecture

Using a simulation model for a benchmark VoIP access architecture, we investigate the performance issues associated with mixing real-time voice and congestion-sensitive data traffic. Arbitration of shared facility is accomplished via First Come First Serve (FCFS), Strictly Priority (SP), and Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) disciplines. The performance metrics used are facility utilization, transmission delay, queuing delay and packet loss. Engineering rules for sizing the network are provided. More specifically, our results indicate that proper engineering of the queue size under the SP discipline can prevent any packet loss of voice traffic; proper setting the weights of the WFQ scheduler can control the delay for voice traffic; and increasing the queuing delay of the WFQ scheduler can improve the packet loss rate of data traffic.
Nonperturbative superpotentials and compactification to three dimensions

We consider four-dimensional = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories with gauge group U(N) on R3 × S1, in the presence of a classical superpotential. The low-energy quantum superpotential is obtained by simply replacing the adjoint scalar superfield in the classical superpotential by the Lax matrix of the integrable system that underlies the 4d field theory. We verify in a number of examples that the vacuum structure obtained in this way matches precisely that in 4d, although the degrees of freedom that appear are quite distinct. Several features of 4d field theories, such as the possibility of lifting vacua from U(N) to U(tN), become particularly simple in this framework. It turns out that supersymmetric vacua give rise to a reduction of the integrable system which contains information about the field theory but also about the Dijkgraaf-Vafa matrix model. The relation between the matrix model and the quantum superpotential on R3 × S1 appears to involve a novel kind of mirror symmetry.
From program comprehension to tool requirements for an industrial environment

A major portion of the maintenance effort is spent understanding existing software. The authors present an integrated code comprehension model and experiences with it in an industrial setting. They use audio-taped, think-aloud reports to investigate how well this integrated code comprehension model works during industrial maintenance activities ranging from code fixes to enhancements, code leverage, and reuse. They analyze the tapes for information needs during maintenance activities and derive tool capabilities accordingly. <<ETX>>
Density of surface immunoglobulin and capping on rat B lymphocytes. I. Changes with aging

The rate of capping and shedding of cross-linked surface immunoglobulins (SIg) was slower in old Lewis rats (greater than 24 mo) than in young Lewis rats (3-4 mo). Analysis of spleen cell populations with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter indicated that with aging there was a loss of cells with a high density of SIg. Cells with the highest density of SIg capped and shed cross-linked SIg faster than cells with a low density of SIg. The alteration in density of SIg may account for the difference in capping kinetics. Colchicine treatment increased the rate of capping of lymphocytes from young animals, but had no effect on the capping kinetics of lymphocytes from old animals.
Rapamycin treatment during in vitro maturation of oocytes improves embryonic development after parthenogenesis and somatic cell nuclear transfer in pigs

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of rapamycin treatment during in vitro maturation (IVM) on oocyte maturation and embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation (PA) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in pigs. Morphologically good (MGCOCs) and poor oocytes (MPCOCs) were untreated or treated with 1 nM rapamycin during 0-22 h, 22-42 h, or 0-42 h of IVM. Rapamycin had no significant effects on nuclear maturation and blastocyst formation after PA of MGCOCs. Blastocyst formation after PA was significantly increased by rapamycin treatment during 22-42 h and 0-42 h (46.6% and 46.5%, respectively) relative to the control (33.3%) and 0-22 h groups (38.6%) in MPCOCs. In SCNT, blastocyst formation tended to increase in MPCOCs treated with rapamycin during 0-42 h of IVM relative to untreated oocytes (20.3% vs. 14.3%, 0.05 < p < 0.1), while no improvement was observed in MGCOCs. Gene expression analysis revealed that transcript abundance of Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 mRNAs was significantly increased in MPCOCs by rapamycin relative to the control. Our results demonstrated that autophagy induction by rapamycin during IVM improved developmental competence of oocytes derived from MPCOCs.
TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE MANIFESTATION OF HORIZONTAL WORKPLACE BULLYING IN THE K-12 SETTING

Horizontal workplace bullying is defined as hostile, aggressive, and harmful behavior between co-workers who are positioned on the same level of the organization’s hierarchical ladder (e.g., teacher-to-teacher) via attitudes, actions, words, and/or behaviors (Hutchinson, Vickers, Jackson, & Wilkes, 2006; Thobaben, 2007). The National Educational Association reported that 31.7% of school faculty and staff stated that they have been bullied by a colleague (Bradshaw & Figiel, 2012). This study examined teachers’ perceptions of the manifestation of horizontal workplace bullying in the K-12 setting through a constructivist framework. Study participants included six teachers who were currently teaching in the K-12 setting. Five of these teachers self-identified as victims of horizontal workplace bullying. One of the teachers self-identified as a witness of horizontal workplace bullying. The teachers completed a 30-45 minute, in-person interview. Interviews included 20 open-ended questions detailing the descriptions of perceptions, reactions, coping, and effects of horizontal workplace bullying in the K-12 setting. Line-by-line qualitative coding for known constructs in the workplace bullying literature (e.g., behavior, coping, reactions, effects) guided the analysis. A review of the findings uncovered common perceptions of the manifestation of horizontal workplace bullying, common behaviors, reactions, emotions, coping strategies, and effects of horizontal workplace bullying on teachers. The findings revealed that teacher victims perceive professional jealousy and voluntarily working beyond the contract as antecedents for becoming a target of horizontal workplace bullying. Other findings suggest that teachers cope with horizontal workplace bullying by relying on a support network and by increasing alcohol consumption. The effects of horizontal workplace bullying are psychological, physical, and social in nature, yet teachers often choose to do nothing to combat this heinous behavior. Although there is much literature about workplace bullying, research on horizontal workplace bullying in the K-12 setting is lacking. This study adds to the limited body of literature and includes implications and recommendations for practice and future research. School administrators must continue to research, develop policies, and define the technical problems and adaptive challenges that face teachers and administrators in order to successfully navigate this challenging and detrimental phenomenon (Heifetz & Laurie, 1997).
Self-directed learning of experienced adult online learners enrolled in FutureLearn MOOCs

This research resulted in a conceptual framework describing the actual learning components influencing the learning experience of informal, adult learners engaged in FutureLearn courses. The conceptual framework consists of five learning components: individual & social learning, context, technology and media elements, organising learning, and learner characteristics. These five learning components are driven by two enablers or inhibitors of learning: motivation and learning goals. For adult informal learners, motivation is mostly intrinsic, and learning goals are mostly personal. This research investigated the informal learning of 56 adult learners with prior online experience, engaging in individual and/or social self-directed learning using any device to follow a FutureLearn course. Literature from MOOCs, mobile and informal learning provides scientific support, in addition to literature clarifying the rationale for choosing self-directed learning compared to similar learning concepts (self-regulated, self-determined and self-managed learning). The participants of this study voluntarily followed one of three FutureLearn courses that were rolled out for the first time by the end of 2014. Data were collected at three different stages: an online survey (pre-course), self-reported learning logs (during the course), and semi-structured one-on-one interviews (post-course). The data were analysed using Charmaz’s (2014) method for constructing a grounded theory. The analysis included memo-writing, and involved open coding, line-by-line coding, and focused coding in order to construct a grounded theory that provided insights into the self-directed learning experiences of FutureLearn participants. By getting a better understanding of the self-directed learning in FutureLearn courses, additional insights are gained to enhance informal learning, instructional design, and to contextualize and personalise learning within FutureLearn courses to create an increasingly meaningful learning experience.
Se p 20 07 Hints of Isocurvature Perturbations in the Cosmic Microwave Background ?

The improved data on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy allow a better determination of the adiabaticity of the primordial perturbation. Interestingly, we find that recent CMB data seem to favor a contribution of a primordial isocurvature mode where the entropy perturbation is positively correlated with the primordial curvature perturbation and has a large spectral index (niso ∼ 3). With 4 additional parameters we obtain a better fit to the CMB data by ∆χ = 9.7 compared to an adiabatic model. For this best-fit model the nonadiabatic contribution to the CMB temperature variance is 4%. According to a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis the nonadiabatic contribution is positive at more than 95% C.L. The exact C.L. depends somewhat on the choice of priors, and we discuss the effect of different priors as well as additional cosmological data. PACS numbers: 98.70. Vc, 98.80. Cq Hints of Isocurvature Perturbations in the Cosmic Microwave Background? 2
Synthesis of the Singing Voice by Performance Sampling and Spectral Models

This paper introduces the concept of synthesis based on performance sampling. It explains that although sampling has been considered a way to capture and reproduce the sound of an instrument, it should be better considered a way to model the sonic space produced by a performer with an instrument. The paper presents a singing voice synthesizer, pointing out the main issues and complexities emerging along its design. Although the current system is able to generate convincing results in certain situations, there is still much room for improvements, especially in the areas of expression, spectral modeling and sonic space design. However, computer singing is definitely coming close to becoming indistinguishable from human performances
Capacity-achieving encoding for the broadcast erasure channel with multiple users

We consider the N-user memoryless broadcast erasure channel with N unicast sessions (one for each user) where receiver feedback is sent to the transmitter in the form of ACK/NACK messages. We first provide a generic outer bound to the capacity of this system; using concepts from network coding, we then propose a session-mixing coding algorithm applied on specially constructed and maintained virtual queues (at the transmitter side), determine its throughput region and show that it achieves capacity under certain conditions on channel statistics (assuming that instantaneous feedback is known to all users). The algorithm requires no knowledge of channel statistics or future events.
Inflammation and Neovascularization Intertwined in Atherosclerosis: Imaging of Structural and Molecular Imaging Targets

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid-containing inflammatory lesions of large- and medium-sized arteries. It is primarily a disease of the inner layer of the arterial wall, the intima. As the disease advances, the adventitia, however, also participates in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerosis. Herrmann et al1 have proposed that the development of human atherosclerotic lesions can be considered to involve 3 distinct stages. In the first stage, early alterations in cellular function result from the interaction of environmental risk factors and genetic predisposition. The second stage is characterized by the proliferation of adventitial vasa vasorum with subsequent extension of the neovessels into the inner media and eventually into the enlarging plaque. In vulnerable plaques, vessel density increases from 2- to 4-fold in disrupted plaques, compared with several obstructive stable lesions. Chronic lesions can enter the third stage with further neovascularization, especially in the vulnerable shoulder areas of the plaques. At this stage, the intraplaque neovessels may rupture, leading to intraplaque hemorrhage. This may be because of compromised integrity of the microvascular endothelium and plaque weakening secondary to inflammation. The exacerbation of tightly intertwined plaque inflammatory activity and neovascularization results in plaque rupture, leading to arterial thrombosis with ensuing clinical syndromes. Revolution in the field of radiology in the last 3 decades has enabled imaging of inflammation and neovascularization within atherosclerotic tissue. In this article, we review advances in various clinical and preclinical imaging modalities aimed at unraveling the pathobiology of atherosclerosis. The use of ultrasound (US) for molecular imaging of the cardiovascular system is an extension of contrast echocardiographic principles already in clinical use. Nontargeted US contrast agents (UCAs) act purely as intravascular blood tracers behaving as red blood cells within the microcirculation. Targeted UCAs decorated with ligands, by affinity-based interaction, localize to a site where …
Comparing screening mammography for early breast cancer detection in Vermont and Norway.

BACKGROUND Most screening mammography in the United States differs from that in countries with formal screening programs by having a shorter screening interval and interpretation by a single reader vs independent double reading. We examined how these differences affect early detection of breast cancer by comparing performance measures and histopathologic outcomes in women undergoing opportunistic screening in Vermont and organized screening in Norway. METHODS We evaluated recall, screen detection, and interval cancer rates and prognostic tumor characteristics for women aged 50-69 years who underwent screening mammography in Vermont (n = 45 050) and in Norway (n = 194 430) from 1997 through 2003. Rates were directly adjusted for age by weighting the rates within 5-year age intervals to reflect the age distribution in the combined data and were compared using two-sided Z tests. RESULTS The age-adjusted recall rate was 9.8% in Vermont and 2.7% in Norway (P < .001). The age-adjusted screen detection rate per 1000 woman-years after 2 years of follow-up was 2.77 in Vermont and 2.57 in Norway (P = .12), whereas the interval cancer rate per 1000 woman-years was 1.24 and 0.86, respectively (P < .001). Larger proportions of invasive interval cancers in Vermont than in Norway were 15 mm or smaller (55.9% vs 38.2%, P < .001) and had no lymph node involvement (67.5% vs 57%, P = .01). The prognostic characteristics of all invasive cancers (screen-detected and interval cancer) were similar in Vermont and Norway. CONCLUSION Screening mammography detected cancer at about the same rate and at the same prognostic stage in Norway and Vermont, with a statistically significantly lower recall rate in Norway. The interval cancer rate was higher in Vermont than in Norway, but tumors that were diagnosed in the Vermont women tended to be at an earlier stage than those diagnosed in the Norwegian women.
The potential power of dynamics in epistasis analysis

Inferring regulatory relationships between genes, including the direction and the nature of influence between them, is a fundamental challenge in molecular genetics. One classical approach to this problem is epistasis analysis, which infers regulatory relationships in genetic pathways by looking at patterns of change in an observable trait resulting from individual and combinatorial deletion of genes. As useful as this broad approach has been, there are limits to its ability to discriminate alternative pathway structures. Here, we explore the possibility of dynamic epistasis analysis, in which, in addition to performing genetic perturbations of a pathway, we drive the pathway by a dynamic, time-varying upstream signal. We explore the theoretical power of dynamical epistasis analysis by conducting an identifiability analysis of Boolean models of genetic pathways, comparing static and dynamic approaches. We find that even relatively simple input dynamics greatly increases the power of epistasis analysis to discriminate alternative network structures.
Induction of Functional Hair-Cell-Like Cells from Mouse Cochlear Multipotent Cells

In this paper, we developed a two-step-induction method of generating functional hair cells from inner ear multipotent cells. Multipotent cells from the inner ear were established and induced initially into progenitor cells committed to the inner ear cell lineage on the poly-L-lysine substratum. Subsequently, the committed progenitor cells were cultured on the mitotically inactivated chicken utricle stromal cells and induced into hair-cell-like cells containing characteristic stereocilia bundles. The hair-cell-like cells exhibited rapid permeation of FM1-43FX. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to measure the membrane currents of cells differentiated for 7 days on chicken utricle stromal cells and analyze the biophysical properties of the hair-cell-like cells by recording membrane properties of cells. The results suggested that the hair-cell-like cells derived from inner ear multipotent cells were functional following differentiation in an enabling environment.
Discovery of 172-s Pulsations from a Be/X-Ray Binary Candidate AX J0051.6-7311 in the SMC with ASCA

The results from three ASCA observations of AX J0051.6-7311 = RX J0051.9-7311 are reported. Coherent pulsations with a barycentric period of 172.40 +/- 0.03 s were discovered in the third observation, with an exceptionally long exposure time of ~177 ks. The X-ray spectrum was found to remain unchanged through these observations, with a photon index of ~0.9. Energy-resolved pulse profiles in the third observation reveal that the pulsations are mostly due to photons with an energy above ~2 keV. Archival data of ROSAT and Einstein indicate that AX J0051.6-7311 exhibits a flux variation having a factor ~> 20.