Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel Endogenous Type C Retrovirus in Baboons: Complete Sequence, Providing Evidence for Baboon Endogenous Virusgag-pol Ancestry

ABSTRACT A complete endogenous type C viral genome has been isolated from a baboon genomic library. The provirus, Papio cynocephalusendogenous retrovirus (PcEV), is 8,572 nucleotides long, and 38 to 59 proviral copies per baboon genome are found. The PcEV provirus possesses the typical simple retroviral gene organization, including two long terminal repeats and genes encoding gag, pol, and env proteins. The open reading frames for gag-pol andenv are complete but have premature stop codons or frameshift mutations. The primer binding site of PcEV is complementary to tRNAGly. The gag and pol genes of PcEV are closely related to those of the baboon endogenous virus (BaEV). The env coding region of PcEV is related to theenv genes of type C retroviruses. This suggests that PcEV is one of the ancestors of BaEV contributing the type Cgag-pol genome fragment to the type C/D recombinant virus BaEV. Earlier it was shown that another endogenous type D virus (simian endogenous retrovirus) provided the env gene for BaEV (A. C. van der Kuyl et al., J. Virol. 71:3666–3676, 1997).
Raising Capital after IPO Withdrawal

We document the outcomes of every withdrawn U.S. IPO (994) from 1998 to 2011. While prior literature has studied post-withdrawal IPO re-filings and M&A outcomes, one in three firms subsequently raises private capital. Presuming that capital needs motivate most IPOs, firms in need of cash should dual track a private placement alongside the IPO as an alternative. Firms generating negative cash are more likely to conduct private placements, however, firms raise less capital and do so at inferior valuations. Further, certain regulatory changes focused on easing a private capital raise post withdrawal are shown to have unintended consequences. While prior literature has evidenced this damage by way of negative industry reactions to IPO filings and positive reactions to withdrawals, we find opposite effects during and after the IPO Bubble. We also study market reaction to subsequent private placements and find that reactions across events offset one another. The offsetting reactions offer strong evidence that we are capturing the expected competitive effects of a funded rivals the likelihood of raising capital changes with each event.
Transcript Profiling Suggests That Differential Metabolic Adaptation of Mice to a High Fat Diet Is Associated with Changes in Liver to Muscle Lipid Fluxes*

Genetically homogenous C57Bl/6 mice display differential metabolic adaptation when fed a high fat diet for 9 months. Most become obese and diabetic, but a significant fraction remains lean and diabetic or lean and non-diabetic. Here, we performed microarray analysis of “metabolic” transcripts expressed in liver and hindlimb muscles to evaluate: (i) whether expressed transcript patterns could indicate changes in metabolic pathways associated with the different phenotypes, (ii) how these changes differed from the early metabolic adaptation to short term high fat feeding, and (iii) whether gene classifiers could be established that were characteristic of each metabolic phenotype. Our data indicate that obesity/diabetes was associated with preserved hepatic lipogenic gene expression and increased plasma levels of very low density lipoprotein and, in muscle, with an increase in lipoprotein lipase gene expression. This suggests increased muscle fatty acid uptake, which may favor insulin resistance. In contrast, the lean mice showed a strong reduction in the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes, in particular of Scd-1, a gene linked to sensitivity to diet-induced obesity; the lean and non-diabetic mice presented an additional increased expression of eNos in liver. After 1 week of high fat feeding the liver gene expression pattern was distinct from that seen at 9 months in any of the three mouse groups, thus indicating progressive establishment of the different phenotypes. Strikingly, development of the obese phenotype involved re-expression of Scd-1 and other lipogenic genes. Finally, gene classifiers could be established that were characteristic of each metabolic phenotype. Together, these data suggest that epigenetic mechanisms influence gene expression patterns and metabolic fates.
Decoding the Membrane Activity of the Cyclotide Kalata B1

Cyclotides, a large family of cyclic peptides from plants, have a broad range of biological activities, including insecticidal, cytotoxic, and anti-HIV activities. In all of these activities, cell membranes seem likely to be the primary target for cyclotides. However, the mechanistic role of lipid membranes in the activity of cyclotides remains unclear. To determine the role of lipid organization in the activity of the prototypic cyclotide, kalata B1 (kB1), and synthetic analogs, their bioactivities and affinities for model membranes were evaluated. We found that the bioactivity of kB1 is dependent on the lipid composition of target cell membranes. In particular, the activity of kB1 requires specific interactions with phospholipids containing phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) headgroups but is further modulated by nonspecific peptide-lipid hydrophobic interactions, which are favored in raft-like membranes. Negatively charged phospholipids do not favor high kB1 affinity. This lipid selectivity explains trends in antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of kB1; it does not target bacterial cell walls, which are negatively charged and lacking PE-phospholipids but can insert in the membranes of red blood cells, which have a low PE content and raft domains in their outer layer. We further show that the anti-HIV activity of kB1 is the result of its ability to target and disrupt the membranes of HIV particles, which are raft-like membranes very rich in PE-phospholipids.
Sentiment analysis as a qualitative methodology to analyze social media: study case of tourism

Social media are influencing the decision-making tourist on holiday destination choice. Comments in forums blog and websites, and social networks are a source of information increasingly taken into account by the end customer (active in the Word on Mouth) and by the tour company, aware of the relevance of that content. The growing information offered through online portals gives tourists the possibility to select their destinations from opinions. This article discusses the methodology of sentiment analysis and opinion mining, detecting keywords and linking message with a particular semantic field to find the key concepts of online comments made in Booking and TripAdvisor for tourists staying in hotels. We conclude that, thanks to the semantic fields, hotels have platforms for observing strengths and weaknesses.
Analysis of two frameworks for transmission of layered video over IP networks

This paper addresses the problems of transmitting layered coded video services over IP networks. The paper discusses the performance of two well-known technologies (RSVP and RTCP) applied to the transmission of layered coded video. Two simulation models were developed for this purpose. A comparison of the simulation results is presented along with a discussion. It is shown that the model based on RTCP has a better performance in transporting layered video streams, but the RSVP model has a fairer behaviour towards the best effort traffic.
Reflex human papillomavirus testing

See referenced original article on pages 191–7,this issue.Address for reprints: Diane D. Davey, M.D., De-partment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,MS 117, University of Kentucky Medical Center,800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536-0298; Fax:(859) 323-2094; E-mail: Ddavey@uky.eduReceived April 3, 2003; accepted April 4, 2003.
Is Circulating Phospholipase A2 Removed by Large‐Pore Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration in Septic Acute Renal Failure?

Group II A phospholipase A2 (PLA2) produces many inflammatory lipid mediators, and the elevation in the level during sepsis has been correlated positively with the decrease in the arterial blood pressure. We studied the effect of large‐pore continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (LP‐CVVHDF) on the plasma PLA2 concentration and the clearance mechanism during septic acute renal failure. The subjects were 10 consecutive patients with septic acute renal failure receiving CVVHDF. Simultaneous samples of arterial, and filter inlet and outlet blood, and ultradiafiltrate were collected before starting CVVHDF (0 hr), and 4 hr, 12 hr and 24 hr after starting CVVHDF. PLA2 activity was measured in plasma and ultradiafiltrate. We eluted PLA2 bound to hemofilter from patient and the classification of PLA2 type of eluting solution and ultradiafiltrate was done using Western blot analysis. Plasma clearance (mL/min) was 28.1 ± 7.6 at 4 hr, 23.2 ± 8.9 at 12hr and 17.5 ± 8.0 at 24 hr. Plasma clearance at 4 hr was higher than that at either 12 hr or 24 hr. Plasma clearance mainly consisted of adsorption by LP‐CVVHDF. The changes in arterial plasma PLA2 activity were not statistically significant. One mg/mL of heparin eluted PLA2 bound to the large‐pore hemofilter. The PLA2 in eluting solution and in ultradiafiltrate were identified as an approximately 70 kD band in Western blot analysis using anti‐human secretory II A‐PLA2 monoclonal antibody. The results show that circulating PLA2 can be removed by adsorption with LP‐CVVHDF to some extent and that plasma PLA2 activity is not significantly decreased. Because PLA2 clearance with LP‐CVVHDF is estimated as < 1% of total body PLA2 clearance, LP‐CVVHDF could not be a clinically efficient therapy to remove the circulating PLA2.
Research on measure of noise trading in stock market based on EGARCH-M model

The impact of noise on the market is one of main reasons for inefficiency of information and the deviation of stock price from its value. The measure of noise trading can realize the judgment of stock price. Through the variance ratio test method, this paper authenticated the existence of noise trading in Shanghai A-shares market. On this basis, this article established EGARCH-M models of stock price and trading volume, to authenticate the asymmetric effect of the impact of the information on stock prices and trading volume. In addition, this paper employed the fitting results of models to separate the noise trading, and then built the measure indexes of noise risk and noise components. Furthermore, this paper plotted the information impact curve of noise. This research has broken through the limitations of previous measure methods of noise trading.
The Study of Shared Space in Inner Building of Low Income Flats

— As a capital of East Jave Province, Surabaya has an important role for region development . Surabaya is promising for all the job seekers especially from low-income rural and Surabaya suburb. They are coming to Surabaya looking for a decent living. However, Surabaya has not enough land to receive the migrant from that low economic class. As a result, it formed slums and unhealthy areas in Surabaya. The rejuvenation of the city was the right step increasing a city to make it clean and in orderly. Then Surabaya city can be Furthermore the inhabitants moving down to the flats of low income people and to hope the occupants can be develop by themselves. The occupants’ behavior (eg. simple, natural, and solid) also carry on lives of complex flats. Togetherness of the occupants was applied to the shared spaces in flats that already exist or made by inhabitants in the buildings. The situation in residential neighborhood, which is the only unplanned shared spaces, are formed by the occupants, and often used for variety activities to meet all their need. It is shown that they required shared spaces inside that low income flats unit. But their presence nearby residential units of citizens, as a part of the placement, and did not interfere with the privacy of the families. The objective of the research is to investigate how the placement of shared spaces can be appropriate in flats for the occupants, and support’s their life as well. The location of shared spaces must be adjusted to their wishes and interests of all the users. Otherwise the share spaces cannot be used optimally nor switching. If the shared spaces are not appropriate with citizens there cannot be maximal used or switching functions and the occupants are looking for in other places to live. The research method that issued in the research are descriptive, qualitative, and explorative methods, which need theoretical studies and field observation to will support to each other. The common spaces for religious and formal activities can be used toward the existing design. The shared spaces which is served as a support facilities, (e.g. shower/ WC, washing facilities, laundry, and kitchen) are placed in each occupancy unit, so they still can have privacy.
Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Older Adults With Substance Misuse.

Objectives. We compared substance use and SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment) services received for older adults screened by the Florida BRITE (BRief Intervention and Treatment of Elders) Project, across 4 categories of service providers. Methods. Staff from 29 agencies screened for substance use risk in 75 sites across 18 Florida counties. Clients at no or low risk received feedback about screening; moderate risk led to brief intervention, moderate or high risk led to brief treatment, and highest severity led to referral to treatment. Six-month follow-ups were conducted with a random sample of clients. Results. Over 5 years (September 15, 2006-September 14, 2011), 85 001 client screenings were recorded. Of these, 8165 clients were at moderate or high risk. Most received brief intervention for alcohol or medication misuse. Differences were observed across 4 categories of agencies. Health educators screening solely within medical sites recorded fewer positive screens than those from mental health, substance abuse, or aging services that screened in a variety of community-based and health care sites. Six-month follow-ups revealed a significant decrease in substance use. Conclusions. The Florida BRITE Project demonstrated that SBIRT can be extended to nonmedical services that serve older adults.
Enterprise Soa Service Oriented Architecture Best Practices

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Biomarker quantification at clinically relevant concentrations using metal enhanced fluorescence combined with surface acoustic waves

Immunofluorescence assays are commonly used for the detection of proteins and antigens. The problems with these types of assays are that they suffer from weak fluorescence signals causing poor detection limits, background signals cause “noise” and falsepositives, and attachment times of antigens to antibody are fairly slow. In this work, metal-enhanced fluorescence was used to strengthen the fluorescence signal by a factor as large as 1000 and surface acoustic wave devices were used to remove background signals from non-specifically bound proteins and speed up the rate of attachment by a factor of six. These two were then combined to prove that these two phenomena can coexist.
Analysis of the mitochondrial genome in sudden infant death syndrome

Aim: To investigate the mitochondrial genome and its association with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Methods: Twenty SIDS infants were screened for previously reported mitochondrial DNA mutations using direct sequencing. The whole mitochondrial genome was also sequenced for six of the infants. Results: Three substitutions, A11467G, A12308G and G12372A, comprising a haplogroup were present in four infants diagnosed as pure SIDS. This haplogroup was also common in a control group.
Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, and Results: An Emerging Approach to Organization Development

Organization development (OD) interventions have typically relied on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) framework for strategic planning. The strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results (SOAR) framework is a relatively new innovation in OD that may serve as a viable alternative to SWOT for those who wish to apply an appreciative inquiry approach. This paper presents the results of a scoping study in which the limited but varied literature support for SOAR is reviewed. An extensive search uncovered 27 publications pertaining to SOAR, which were then analyzed chronologically and thematically. Although findings include an overwhelmingly positive appraisal of SOAR, many gaps were uncovered in the literature and research regarding empirical support for the framework.
MECHANISMS IN CELLULOSE BIOSYNTHESIS

Cellulose is a major industrial biopolymer in the forest products, textile, and chemical industries. It also forms a large portion of the biomass useful in the generation of energy. Moreover, cellulose-based biomass is a renewable energy source that can be used for the generation of ethanol as a fuel. Cellulose is synthesized by a variety of living organisms, including plants, algae, bacteria, and animals. It is the major component of plant cell walls with secondary cell walls having a much higher content of cellulose. The biosynthesis of cellulose essentially proceeds by the polymerization of glucose residues using an activated substrate UDP-glucose. In plants, cellulose is synthesized on the plasma membrane by the enzyme cellulose synthase that is present in the membrane. In the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum, the enzyme cellulose synthase is present on the cytoplasmic membrane, and the cellulose product is obtained extracellularly. However, in other organisms, cellulose is found to be synthesized in other regions of the cell. In the alga Pleurochrysis, cellulose scales are formed in the Golgi apparatus and then deposited on the cell surface. Cellulose is an aggregate of glucan chains that are arranged in a specific manner to give rise to a crystalline state. Although cellulose produced by different organisms has the same chemical composition (polymer of β-1,4linked glucose residues), there are remarkable differences in the physical properties of the cellulose product, mainly in the length of the glucan chains (as represented by degree of polymerization) and the crystallinity and crystalline form of the cellulose product. Depending upon the specific organism, this crystalline state is different, and it defines the physical properties of the product such as its strength, solubility in various solvents, and accessibility to various modifying reagents. Cellulose biosynthesis proceeds in at least two stages – polymerization and crystallization. The first stage is catalyzed by the enzyme cellulose synthase, and the second stage is dependent on the organization of the cellulose synthases possibly with other proteins such that the glucan chains are assembled in a crystalline form.
Combined effects of nitrogen addition and litter manipulation on nutrient resorption of Leymus chinensis in a semi-arid grassland of northern China.

Plant growth in semi-arid ecosystems is usually severely limited by soil nutrient availability. Alleviation of these resource stresses by fertiliser application and aboveground litter input may affect plant internal nutrient cycling in such regions. We conducted a 4-year field experiment to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) addition (10 g N·m(-2) ·year(-1)) and plant litter manipulation on nutrient resorption of Leymus chinensis, the dominant native grass in a semi-arid grassland in northern China. Although N addition had no clear effects on N and phosphorus (P) resorption efficiencies in leaves and culms, N fertilisation generally decreased leaf N resorption proficiency by 54%, culm N resorption proficiency by 65%. Moreover, N fertilisation increased leaf P resorption proficiency by 13%, culm P resorption proficiency by 20%. Under ambient or enriched N conditions, litter addition reduced N and P resorption proficiencies in both leaves and culms. The response of P resorption proficiency to litter manipulation was more sensitive than N resorption proficiency: P resorption proficiency in leaves and culms decreased strongly with increasing litter amount under both ambient and enriched N conditions. In contrast, N resorption proficiency was not significantly affected by litter addition, except for leaf N resorption proficiency under ambient N conditions. Furthermore, although litter addition caused a general decrease of leaf and culm nutrient resorption efficiencies under both ambient and enriched N conditions, litter addition effects on nutrient resorption efficiency were much weaker than the effects of litter addition on nutrient resorption proficiency. Taken together, our results show that leaf and non-leaf organs of L. chinensis respond consistently to altered soil N availability. Our study confirms the strong effects of N addition on plant nutrient resorption processes and the potential role of aboveground litter, the most important natural fertiliser in terrestrial ecosystems, in influencing plant internal nutrient cycling.
Cooperation and information sharing in institutional food chains

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate integrative practices within institutional food chains with special emphasis on cooperation and information sharing. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was applied, based on 17 in-depth interviews with staff from four different institutions. The data collection and analysis were guided by constructivist grounded theory. Findings In summary, the authors find that: low differentiation lead to a high level of service variability at the satellite kitchens, high level of optimizing behavior lead to a high level of service variability, there is a positive relationship between food task involvement and access to the information being shared, there is a positive relationship between food task involvement and participation in cooperation activities and when the physical distance between stages in the chain increases, the information sharing will deteriorate. Research limitations/implications To empirically generalize the findings, this first qualitative study should be followed up by a quantitative study. Practical implications Based on the findings, the authors suggest that the chains would benefit from improving the interfaces between front line employees, and share information more extensively. The location of the central kitchen seems to influence information sharing across stages in the food chains. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge this is the first study that examines cooperation and information sharing practices within institutional food chains.