Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal Tube and Intubating Laryngeal Mask Insertion in a Manikin by First-Responder Trainees after a Short Video-Clip Demonstration

Abstract Introduction: This study was performed in the Finnish Defense Forces to assess the potential applicability and value of short video clips as educational material to teach advanced airway management and as the first means of introducing the use of a laryngeal tube (LT) or an intubating laryngeal mask (ILMA) to inexperienced, military, first-responder trainees with no prior hands-on experience. Methods: The 60 non-commissioned medical officers participating in this study were randomly assigned into one of two groups: the LT- and the ILMA-group. After viewing the video clips, the trainees were required to perform 10 consecutive, successful insertions of the given instrument into a manikin. The number and duration of the attempts required prior to the 10 consecutive successful insertions were measured. Results: The goal of 10 consecutive successful insertions was attained by all 30 subjects in the LT-group, and by 27 of 29 subjects in the ILMA-group with a maximum of 30 attempts. Improvement in the ease and speed of insertion was evident between the first and last consecutive insertions in both groups. Conclusions: “Satisfactory” to “good” skill levels are achieved with the applied video-clip demonstration method, even in inexperienced first-responder trainees lacking previous hands on experience.
Lithologic and tectonic controls on bedrock channel form at the northwest Himalayan front

Recognition that channel form reflects a river's ability to erode rock and transport material has spawned stream‐power models that estimate incision patterns by approximating energy dissipation within a channel. These models frequently assume that channel width scales as a power law with drainage area, partly because drainage area is easily extracted from digital elevation models (DEMs). However, this assumption is often confounded by local variations in rock strength and rock‐uplift rate that can cause channel constriction downstream. Here we investigate the morphological response to spatial changes in rock strength and rock‐uplift rate of 10 bedrock channels traversing the Mohand range along the northwest Himalayan front. We present a new method to continuously measure and compare channel width, slope, and other hydraulic parameters that integrate satellite imagery and DEM analysis. Our method corrects for an ~13% overestimation of average channel gradient from a 90 m resolution DEM that arises from short circuits of fine‐scale meanders. We find that channels (1) narrow >1 km upstream from knickpoints formed by an increase in rock strength, (2) adjust laterally more than vertically in response to downstream decreases rock erodibility and uplift rate, and (3) meander where shear stresses are high and channel widths are low. We attribute these results to a high ratio of sediment supply to transport capacity, which enhances lateral erosion relative to vertical incision. Our results suggest that substrate strength and sediment supply substantially influence channel form and that channel width should be explicitly measured when interpreting tectonic signals from bedrock channel morphology.
Water Arsenic Exposure and Intellectual Function in 6-Year-Old Children in Araihazar, Bangladesh

Background We recently reported results of a cross-sectional investigation of intellectual function in 10-year-olds in Bangladesh, who had been exposed to arsenic from drinking water in their home wells. Objectives We present results of a similar investigation of 301 randomly selected 6-year-olds whose parents participated in our ongoing prospective study of the health effects of As exposure in 12,000 residents of Araihazar, Bangladesh. Methods Water As and manganese concentrations of tube wells at each home were obtained by surveying all study region wells. Children and mothers were first visited at home, where the quality of home stimulation was measured, and then seen in our field clinic, where children received a medical examination wherein weight, height, and head circumference were assessed. We assessed children’s intellectual function using subtests drawn from the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, version III, by summing weighted items across domains to create Verbal, Performance, Processing Speed, and Full-Scale raw scores. Children provided urine specimens for measuring urinary As and were asked to provide blood samples for blood lead measurements. Results Exposure to As from drinking water was associated with reduced intellectual function before and after adjusting for water Mn, for blood lead levels, and for sociodemographic features known to contribute to intellectual function. With covariate adjustment, water As remained significantly negatively associated with both Performance and Processing Speed raw scores; associations were less strong than in our previously studied 10-year-olds. Conclusion This second cross-sectional study of As exposure expands our concerns about As neurotoxicity to a younger age group.
Conceptual Model of Strategic Benefits of Competitive Intelligence Process

The paper aims to explain the process that is commonly used to create and maintain a competitive intelligence system in organizations and to provide the most common benefits of competitive intelligence for organizations.A review of literature on Competitive intelligence within organizations is reviewed to explore their current state, tools to collect, analyze, and communicate competitive information and the strategic benefits of the competitive intelligence process. The findings of this research suggest that organizations tend to focus on developing competitive intelligence processes. This process is able to provide the organization with sustainable competitive advantage.An empirical study can be undertaken to establish how competitive intelligence process influences the quality of intelligence information and how intelligence information subsequently influences strategic benefits expansion in organization.
Information Asymmetry, Corporate Disclosure and the Capital Markets: A Review of the Empirical Disclosure Literature

Corporate disclosure is critical for the functioning of an efficient capital market. Firms provide disclosure through regulated financial reports, including the financial statements, footnotes, management discussion and analysis, and other regulatory filings. In addition, some firms engage in voluntary communication, such as management forecasts, analysts? presentations and conference calls, press releases, internet sites, and other corporate reports. Finally, there are disclosures about firms by information intermediaries, such as financial analysts, industry experts, and the financial press.
Wireless ad hoc networks: Where security, real-time and lifetime meet

This paper deals with the multihop nature of wireless ad hoc networks where security, real-time and lifetime meet. We propose a hierarchical communication model to study how medium access control and network energy signatures provide opportunities for power-efficient partitioning of communication links. We show possibilities to integrate multihop services into routing protocols. At the same time, malicious nodes included in a routing path may misbehave and the paper analyzes vulnerable points in case of communication attacks. The REWARD algorithm for secure routing is used as a main example for corrective actions. Nodes listen to neighbor transmissions to detect black hole attacks. The energy overhead is broken down into static, the additional energy required to watch for attacks, and dynamic, which is application specific. We evaluate the static energy overhead associated with symmetrical routing.
Imaging diversity receivers for high-speed infrared wireless communication

We discuss two modifications to the design of wireless infrared links that can yield significant performance improvements, albeit at the price of increased complexity. In line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight links, replacement of a single-element receiver by one employing an imaging light concentrator and a segmented photodetector can reduce received ambient light noise and multipath distortion. For a fixed receiver entrance area, such an imaging receiver can reduce transmit power requirements by as much as about 14 dB, depending on the link design and the number of photodetector segments. Imaging receivers also reduce co-channel interference, and may therefore enable infrared wireless networks to employ space-division multiplexing, wherein several transmitters located in close proximity can transmit simultaneously at the same wavelength. In nondirected non-line-of-sight links, replacement of the diffuse transmitter by one that projects multiple narrow beams can reduce the path loss, further reducing the transmit power requirement by several decibels. We describe the design of an experimental 100 Mb/s infrared wireless link employing a multibeam transmitter and a 37-pixel imaging receiver.
An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Examination of Empathy and Multiple Intelligences Among Youth Involved in Bullying

ii Acknowledgments . iv Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 A. Multiple Intelligences Approach to Assessment . 7 B. The Current Study . 8 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 11 A. Overview of Bullying.11 B. Participant Roles . 12 C. Etiology of Bullying Behaviors . 13 a. Family Factors . 13 b. Neighborhood Factors . 14 c. Peer Influences . 14 D. Gender and Developmental Differences . 15 E. Consequences of Bullying . 16 a. Mental Health . 16 b. School Safety and Academic Achievement . 19 F. Theoretical Models of Bullying Behavior . 20 a. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory . 20 b. Bronfenbrenner’s Social-Ecological Theory . 21 I. The Social-Ecological Model of Bullying . 23 i. Individual Influences . 24 ii. Family Influences . 24 iii. Peer Influences . 24
Interactions Between Posterior Gamma and Frontal Alpha/Beta Oscillations During Imagined Actions

Several studies have revealed that posterior parietal and frontal regions support planning of hand movements but far less is known about how these cortical regions interact during the mental simulation of a movement. Here, we have used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate oscillatory interactions between posterior and frontal areas during the performance of a well-established motor imagery task that evokes motor simulation: mental rotation of hands. Motor imagery induced sustained power suppression in the alpha and beta band over the precentral gyrus and a power increase in the gamma band over bilateral occipito-parietal cortex. During motor imagery of left hand movements, there was stronger alpha and beta band suppression over the right precentral gyrus. The duration of these power changes increased, on a trial-by-trial basis, as a function of the motoric complexity of the imagined actions. Crucially, during a specific period of the movement simulation, the power fluctuations of the frontal beta-band oscillations became coupled with the occipito-parietal gamma-band oscillations. Our results provide novel information about the oscillatory brain activity of posterior and frontal regions. The persistent functional coupling between these regions during task performance emphasizes the importance of sustained interactions between frontal and occipito-parietal areas during mental simulation of action.
On the BER and capacity analysis of MIMO MRC systems with channel estimation error

In this paper, we investigate the effect of channel estimation error on the capacity and bit-error rate (BER) of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmit maximal ratio transmission (MRT) and receive maximal ratio combining (MRC) systems over uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels. We first derive the ergodic (average) capacity expressions for such systems when power adaptation is applied at the transmitter. The exact capacity expression for the uniform power allocation case is also presented. Furthermore, to investigate the diversity order of MIMO MRT-MRC scheme, we derive the BER performance under a uniform power allocation policy. We also present an asymptotic BER performance analysis for the MIMO MRT-MRC system with multiuser diversity. The numerical results are given to illustrate the sensitivity of the main performance to the channel estimation error and the tightness of the approximate cutoff value.
Traac Characterization Algorithms for Vbr Video in Multimedia Networks Jj Org Liebeherr

A network that o ers deterministic, i.e., worst-case, quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees to variable-bit-rate (VBR) video must provide a resource reservation mechanism that allocates bandwidth, bu er space, and other resources for each video stream. Such a resource reservation scheme must be carefully designed, otherwise network resources are wasted. A key component for the design of a resource reservation scheme is the tra c characterization method that speci es the tra c arrivals on a video stream. The tra c characterization should accurately describe the actual arrivals so that a large number of streams can be supported; but it must also map directly into e cient tra c policing mechanisms that monitor arrivals on each stream. In this study, we present a fast and accurate tra c characterization method for stored VBR video in networks with a deterministic service. We use this approximation to obtain a tra c characterization that can be e ciently policed by a small number of leaky buckets. We present a case study where we apply our characterization method to networks that employ a dynamic resource reservation scheme with renegotiation. We use traces from a set of 25-30 minute MPEG sequences to evaluate our method against other characterization schemes from the literature.
Signaling Reciprocity SHP-1 Plays a Crucial Role in CD40

Mukhopadhyaya and Bhaskar SahaKrishnasastry V. Musti, Somenath Roy, RobinArchana Sareen, Ram K. Mathur, Ajit G. Chande, Tabish Hasan Khan, Neetu Srivastava, Ankita Srivastava,http://www.jimmunol.org/content/193/7/3644doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400620September 2014;J Immunol€2014; 193:3644-3653; Prepublished online 3Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/193/7/3644.full#ref-list-1This article cites 34 articles, 11 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
The Effect of Adding Rules into the Rule-based MT System

This paper investigates the relationship between the amount of the rules and the performance of the rule-based machine translation system. We keep adding more rules into the system and observe successive changes of the translation quality. Evaluations on translation quality reveal that the more the rules, the better the translation quality. A linear regression analysis shows that a positive linear relationship exists between the translation quality and the amount of the rules. We use this linear model to make prediction and test the prediction with newly developed rules. Experimental results indicate that the linear model effectively predicts the possible performance that the rule-based machine translation system may achieve with more rules added.
Distributed user association for delay-load tradeoffs in energy harvesting enabled HetNets

Energy harvesting is an emerging technology to save on-grid power and reduce carbon emissions in wireless communications. Terminals can utilize renewable energy obtained from environment by energy harvesting facilities. This paper investigates user association problem under a flow-level traffic model in energy harvesting enabled heterogeneous networks. In this paper, all the base stations are equipped with energy harvesting facilities and assumed to be solely powered by renewable energy. The average traffic delay is denoted using queuing theory, and a fairness index is redefined to evaluate the level of load balancing. Then a convex optimization problem is formulated in order to reduce average traffic delay and improve load balancing level. To this end, an iterative algorithm completed by user and base station respectively is proposed. Simulation results show that the user association algorithm improves the load balancing level with limited sacrifice on average traffic delay compared with the existing delay-optimal algorithm, and enables a flexible tradeoff between the average traffic delay and load balancing.
Avoiding the WCET Overestimation on LRU Instruction Cache

The WCET computation is one of the main challenges in hard real-time systems, since all further analysis is based on this value. The complexity of this problem leads existing analysis methods to compute WCET bounds instead of the exact WCET. In this work we propose a technique to compute the exact instruction fetch contribution to the WCET (IFC-WCET) in presence of a LRU instruction cache. We prove that an exact computation does not need to analyze the full exponential number of possible execution paths, but only a bounded subset of them. In the benchmark codes we have studied, the IFC-WCET is up to 62% lower than a bound computed with a widely used approach, and the difference between the number of possible execution paths and the ones relevant for the analysis is extremely large.
Recent Advances in Characterization of Lignin Polymer by Solution-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Methodology

The demand for efficient utilization of biomass induces a detailed analysis of the fundamental chemical structures of biomass, especially the complex structures of lignin polymers, which have long been recognized for their negative impact on biorefinery. Traditionally, it has been attempted to reveal the complicated and heterogeneous structure of lignin by a series of chemical analyses, such as thioacidolysis (TA), nitrobenzene oxidation (NBO), and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC). Recent advances in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology undoubtedly have made solution-state NMR become the most widely used technique in structural characterization of lignin due to its versatility in illustrating structural features and structural transformations of lignin polymers. As one of the most promising diagnostic tools, NMR provides unambiguous evidence for specific structures as well as quantitative structural information. The recent advances in two-dimensional solution-state NMR techniques for structural analysis of lignin in isolated and whole cell wall states (in situ), as well as their applications are reviewed.
A vision-based method for the broken spacer detection

Power line inspection is essential to the smooth running of the power grid. In the past, the power line inspection was mainly carried out manually, which means the liners had to inspect the power line in the field or watch the inspection video taken by UAVs or inspection robots. The manual inspection method is with disadvantages such as long time consumption and high manual labor cost. With the rapid growing of power grid, the demand for the power inspection has been continuously increased, but the manual inspection method can hardly meet the requirements for the power inspection due to its disadvantages. This paper presents a computer vision-based method for the broken spacer detection. The method is mainly implemented in three steps. First of all, the spacer is recognized in the region of interest. Secondly, the image morphology is used to extract the image feature. At last, we determine the broken spacer fault by the analysis of the connected domain in the image. Experimental results have successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Memoization Attacks and Copy Protection in Partitioned Applications

Application source code protection is a major concern for software architects today. Secure platforms have been proposed that protect the secrecy of application algorithms and enforce copy protection assurances. Unfortunately, these capabilities incur a sizeable performance overhead. Partitioning an application into secure and insecure regions can help diminish these overheads but invalidates guarantees of code secrecy and copy protection. This work examines one of the problems of partitioning an application into public and private regions, the ability of an adversary to recreate those private regions. To our knowledge, it is the first to analyze this problem when considering application operation as a whole. Looking at the fundamentals of the issue, we analyze one of the simplest attacks possible, a "Memoization Attack. " We implement an efficient Memoization Attack and discuss necessary techniques that limit storage and computation consumption. Experimentation reveals that certain classes of real-world applications are vulnerable to Memoization Attacks. To protect against such an attack, we propose a set of indicator tests that enable an application designer to identify susceptible application code regions.
Processing top-k join queries

We consider the problem of efficiently finding the top-k answers for join queries over web-accessible databases. Classical algorithms for finding top-k answers use branch-and-bound techniques to avoid computing scores of all candidates in identifying the top-k answers. To be able to apply such techniques, it is critical to efficiently compute (lower and upper) bounds and expected scores of candidate answers in an incremental fashion during the evaluation. In this paper, we describe novel techniques for these problems. The first contribution of this paper is a method to efficiently compute bounds for the score of a query result when tuples in tables from the "FROM" clause are discovered incrementally, through either sorted or random access. Our second contribution is an algorithm that, given a set of partially evaluated candidate answers, determines a good order in which to access the tables to minimize wasted efforts in the computation of top-k answers. We evaluate our algorithms on a variety of queries and data sets and demonstrate the significant benefits they provide.
Mapping tweets to conference talks: a goldmine for semantics

The short message service Twitter has gained significant popularity and uptake among participants of conferences and organized events as a backchannel for intra-event communication. Information that is exchanged explicitly through such tweets, or that is implicitly present in them, remains mostly hidden and undecipherable to machines. In this paper we propose a framework for extracting valuable information from conference tweets, enabling its publication as Linked Data. We introduce the concept of mapping tweets with the talks and subevents that they refer to, in doing so gaining access to additional information about the users, talks and dynamics of the event. We present preliminary results of our work towards tweet-talk mappings and motivate our current and future work by giving several use cases for such extracted data.
Dealing with Data Sparseness in SMT with Factured Models and Morphological Expansion: a Case Study on Croatian

This paper describes our experience using available linguistic resources for Croatian in order to address data sparseness when building an English-to-Croatian general domain phrase-based statistical machine translation system. We report the results obtained with factored translation models and morphological expansion, highlight the impact of the algorithm used for tagging the corpora, and show that the improvement brought by these methods is compatible with the application of data selection on out-of-domain parallel corpora