Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discourse and Social Psychology: Beyond Attitudes and Behaviour

Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1988, Vol 33(7), 635. Reviews the book, Discourse and Social Psychology: Beyond Attitudes and Behaviour by Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell (see record 1987-98109-000). This short volume provides an inviting menu of discussions of the importance of language for social psychology. It provides well-written commentaries on discourse analysis and such other concepts as ethnomethodology, attitudes, ethogenics (Harre and colleagues' argument about the importance of accounts created by social actors to identify the rules and conventions that guide and generate social behavior), and social representations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
Acculturation and Stress

In this study, a model of migration contingencies and acculturative stress was developed on the basis of the acculturation model of Berry et al. and a similar model by Beiser. The study aimed at determining to what extent sociodemographic characteristics, the social context, premigration traumatic experiences, post migration acculturative experiences, acculturation attitudes, and degree of acculturation predict acculturative stress in the refugee family. The two-generation sample consisted of 159 young refugees born between 1969 and 1976 and 121 of their parents or caregivers. The results suggest that acculturation attitudes and degree of acculturation exert different and distinct influences on acculturative stress depending on gender and generation. Acculturation attitudes predicted the stress symptoms of adult females only; for the others in the sample, degree of acculturation was more important.
THE CASE FOR POWERMANAGEMENT IN WEB SERVERS

Power management has traditionally focused on portable and handheld devices. This paper breaks with tradition and presents a case for managing power consumption in web servers. Web servers experience large periods of low utilization, presenting an opportunity for using power management to reduce energy consumption with minimal performance impact. We measured the energy consumption of a “typical” web server under a variety of workloads derived from access logs of real websites, including the 1998 Winter Olympics web site. Our measurements show that the CPU is the largest consumer of power for typical web servers today. We have also created a power simulator for web serving workloads that estimates CPU energy consumption with less than 5.7% error for our workloads. The simulator is fast, processing over 75,000 requests/second on a 866MHz uniprocessor machine. Using the simulator, we quantify the potential benefits of dynamically scaling the processor voltage and frequency, a power management technique that is traditionally found only in handheld devices. We find that dynamic voltage and frequency scaling is highly effective for saving energy with moderately intense web workloads, saving from 23% to 36% of the CPU energy while keeping server responsiveness within reasonable limits.
Stress and Health in First-Year Law Students: Women Fare Worse1

The social and psychological consequences of being a female law student may include greater stress and worse health than that experienced by male students. First-year law students at a major state university were surveyed about their physical and psychological health prior to, in the middle of, and at the end of the school year. They were also asked about specific sources of strain (e.g., grades, time pressure) at mid-year. Relative to men, women reported greater strain due to sexism, lack of free time, and lack of time to spend with one's spouse/partner. Women also displayed more depression and physical symptoms at the end of the year. Partial correlation analyses controlling for baseline health were used to show associations between mid-year strain and end-of-year emotional and physical health. Gender-role constraints may be more responsible for women's stress than law school per se.
A noninvasive test of exposition to toxicants: Quantitative analysis of cytochrome P4501A expression in fish scales

Elevated expression of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) is an established biomarker for exposition to a wide range of toxicants, particularly for dioxin and structurally similar compounds. Expression of CYP1A usually is analyzed in internal organs, which involves dissection of the specimen. To avoid unnecessary animal killing, we present here an alternative method based on the monitoring of CYP1A expression in fish scales. Using β‐naphthoflavone (BNF; 50 mg/kg body wt, intraperitoneal injection) as inducer in goldfish (Carassius auratus), we monitored levels of CYP1A mRNA both in scales and liver of treated and control specimens. Treatment with BNF resulted in a similar induction of CYP1A gene in both tissues, although scales responded faster (at 8 h after treatment) than liver (between 24 and 48 h). The scale‐based test has the unique advantage of allowing sequential testing in the same specimen, which facilitates analysis of the time course of CYP1A induction and allows the study of individual variability. The method implies minimal suffering of the animals, because it only requires removal of a moderate (n = 1–3) number of scales for each time point. This nondestructive, fast, and relatively inexpensive test for toxic exposure therefore is suitable for environmental monitoring and food safety control programs in which specimen preservation is required.
Shedding Light on Filovirus Infection with High-Content Imaging

Microscopy has been instrumental in the discovery and characterization of microorganisms. Major advances in high-throughput fluorescence microscopy and automated, high-content image analysis tools are paving the way to the systematic and quantitative study of the molecular properties of cellular systems, both at the population and at the single-cell level. High-Content Imaging (HCI) has been used to characterize host-virus interactions in genome-wide reverse genetic screens and to identify novel cellular factors implicated in the binding, entry, replication and egress of several pathogenic viruses. Here we present an overview of the most significant applications of HCI in the context of the cell biology of filovirus infection. HCI assays have been recently implemented to quantitatively study filoviruses in cell culture, employing either infectious viruses in a BSL-4 environment or surrogate genetic systems in a BSL-2 environment. These assays are becoming instrumental for small molecule and siRNA screens aimed at the discovery of both cellular therapeutic targets and of compounds with anti-viral properties. We discuss the current practical constraints limiting the implementation of high-throughput biology in a BSL-4 environment, and propose possible solutions to safely perform high-content, high-throughput filovirus infection assays. Finally, we discuss possible novel applications of HCI in the context of filovirus research with particular emphasis on the identification of possible cellular biomarkers of virus infection.
The logarithmic fibbinomial formula

Steven Romans Logarithmic Binomial Formula analogue has been found and is presented here also for the case of fibonomial coefficients which recently have been given a combinatorial interpretation by the present author. Mathematics Subject Classification : 11B37, 05A40, 81S99 to appear in volume 9 (1),Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan and Tenascin in the Wounded Adult Mouse Neostriatum In Vitro: Dopamine Neuron Attachment and Process Outgrowth

Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, including chondroitin-4 or chondroitin-6 sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and tenascin, are upregulated in and around wounds and transplants to the adult CNS. In the present study, striatal wounds from adult mice were used in a novelin vitro paradigm to assess the effects of these wound-associated molecules on embryonic dopamine cell attachment and neurite outgrowth. Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry studies have shown that astroglial scar constituents persist in cultured explants for at least 1 week in vitro, and despite the loss of neurons from adult striatal explants, there is a retention of certain structural features suggesting that the wound explant–neuron coplant is a viable model for analysis of graft–scar interactions. Explants from the wounded striatum taken at different times after a penetrating injury in vivo were used as substrates for embryonic ventral mesencephalon neurons that were plated on their surfaces. Dopamine cell attachment is increased significantly in relation to the expression of both CSPG and tenascin. The increase in neuronal attachment in this paradigm, however, is accompanied by a postlesion survival time-dependent significant decrease in neuritic growth from these cells. In vitro ECM antibody treatment suggests that CSPG may be responsible for heightened dopamine cell attachment and that tenascin simultaneously may support cell attachment while inhibiting neurite growth. The present study offers a new approach for the in vitro analysis of cell and molecular interactions after brain injury and brain grafting, in essence acting as a nigrostriatal transplant-in-a-dish.
Deciding Between Traditional and Online Formats: Exploring the Role of Learning Advantages, Flexibility, and Compensatory Adaptation

We use qualitative and quantitative analyses to examine the format choice decision among undergraduate management students. The results indicate that students who prefer the traditional format do so for several reasons, but they most commonly cite a preference for instructor presence and the learning advantages of face-to-face interactions. Online students do not cite learning advantages for their format choice; instead, flexibility was the overwhelming reason given. Our results expand the applicability of the compensatory adaptation model. This model asserts that many students choose the online format because it offers greater flexibility even though it requires greater self-discipline, and will compensate by, for example, putting more effort into time-management.
Comparison of global and cascading recognition systems applied to multi-font arabic text

A known difficulty of Arabic text recognition is in the large variability of printed representation from one font to the other. In this paper, we present a comparative study between two strategies for the recognition of multi-font Arabic text. The first strategy is to use a global recognition system working independently on all the fonts. The second strategy is to use a so-called cascade built from a font identification system followed by font-dependent systems. In order to reach a fair comparison, the feature extraction and the modeling algorithms based on HMMs are kept as similar as possible between both approaches. The evaluation is carried out on the large and publicly available APTI (Arabic Printed Text Image) database with 10 different fonts. The results are showing a clear advantage of performance for the cascading approach. However, the cascading system is more costly in terms of cpu and memory.
Coping and Locus of Control

To address the role of maternal coping and control beliefs in the development of coping and locus of control in their adolescent children, 68 yoked pairs of Israeli mothers and their male, seventh- and eighth-grade children completed questionnaires related to coping styles and locus of control. Regression analyses revealed a strong similarity between adolescents' coping profiles and those of their mothers in a manner relecting the hypothesized impact of modeling. As expected, locus of control was found to be associated with the active patterns of coping in mother and adolescent alike. However, little empirical support was found for the hypothesis of developmental similarities in locus of control Rather, the pattern of findings was consistent with an alternate interpretation involving the potential impact of maternal coping on the development of adolescent locus of control. Study findings are discussed in regard to models of cross-generational transmission.
‘I Wasn't Alone’: Collective Behaviour and Violent Delinquency

Abstract A common finding in criminology concerns the influential role of peers for offending. Even so, there is minimal literature, even at the descriptive level, on the extent to which the presence of co-offenders facilitates crime, especially violence. Within a ‘collective behaviour’ framework, we hypothesise that the presence of more accomplices (i.e., larger groups) will be related to an increased likelihood of violent crime. By reviewing data on both co-offenders and co-offending incidents, we find that: (1) violent offences have a higher average number of offenders per event compared to nonviolent offences; (2) as the average number of individuals with whom a person offends increases so too does the count of violent co-offences and (3) the odds of an individual's first group offence being violent increases for every additional accomplice present during the event, independent of whether these co-offenders had a history of prior violence. The conclusion advocates for more research on mechanisms of collective behaviour, paying particular attention to future theoretical and empirical directions.
Impaired postprandial fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19 response in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney diseases is ameliorated following antioxidative therapy.

BACKGROUND While dysmetabolism is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated with mortality, the mechanisms mediating these changes are unclear. New data implicate fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19 as a possible entero-hepatic modulator of lipid metabolism. METHODS Using samples previously gathered as part of a randomized placebo-controlled study of antioxidative therapy for postprandial dysmetabolism, we investigated short-term (4 h) postprandial changes in circulating FGF-19 (ELISA) and the relationship to metabolic markers in six haemodialysis (HD) patients and nine matched healthy subjects (HS), with each participant assessed on four separate occasions. RESULTS The postprandial FGF-19 response was blunted in patients [maximum change +34.63 (0.24-186) pg/mL] versus controls [maximum change +150.3 (31.2-378.7) pg/mL; P < 0.0001], and the area under the curve (AUC; pg × min × mL(-1)) was also significantly lower 18 019 (12 513-44 387) versus 38 517 (19 775-72 816; P < 0.01). In patients, we found univariate correlations between AUC FGF-19 with AUC C-peptide (rho = 0.71; P = 0.001), AUC insulin (rho = 0.63; P = 0.001), but not with AUCs for triglycerides (TG) or glucose. Finally, treatment with the antioxidative compounds N-acetyl cysteine or MP865, but not with placebo, was associated with higher plasma FGF-19 (NAC and MP865 coefficients -0.28 and -0.23, P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION In advanced CKD, the postprandial FGF-19 response appears to be blunted, with partial normalization following antioxidative treatments. A blunted FGF-19 response was associated with impaired insulin and C-peptide signalling.
Energy-Efficient Clustering Method for Data Gathering in Sensor Networks

By deploying wireless sensor nodes and composing a sensor network, one can remotely obtain information about the behavior, conditions, and positions of entities in a region. Since sensor nodes operate on batteries, energyefficient mechanisms for gathering sensor data are indispensable to prolong the lifetime of a sensor network as long as possible. A sensor node consumes energy: observing its surroundings, transmitting data, and receiving data. Cluster-based data gathering mechanisms have been proposed based on a model where energy consumption in data transmission is proportional to the square of the radius of the radio signal. In clustering sensor nodes, we need to consider that a cluster-head consumes more energy than the others when receiving data from cluster members, fusing data to reduce the size, and sending the aggregated data to a base station. In this paper, we proposed a novel clustering mechanism where clusters are organized in a distributed and energy-efficient way through local communication among neighboring sensor nodes. Through simulation experiments, we showed that our mechanism can gather data from more than 80% of the sensor nodes longer than
Cell cycle constraints on capsulation and bacteriophage susceptibility

Despite the crucial role of bacterial capsules in pathogenesis, it is still unknown if systemic cues such as the cell cycle can control capsule biogenesis. In this study, we show that the capsule of the synchronizable model bacterium Caulobacter crescentus is cell cycle regulated and we unearth a bacterial transglutaminase homolog, HvyA, as restriction factor that prevents capsulation in G1-phase cells. This capsule protects cells from infection by a generalized transducing Caulobacter phage (φCr30), and the loss of HvyA confers insensitivity towards φCr30. Control of capsulation during the cell cycle could serve as a simple means to prevent steric hindrance of flagellar motility or to ensure that phage-mediated genetic exchange happens before the onset of DNA replication. Moreover, the multi-layered regulatory circuitry directing HvyA expression to G1-phase is conserved during evolution, and HvyA orthologues from related Sinorhizobia can prevent capsulation in Caulobacter, indicating that alpha-proteobacteria have retained HvyA activity. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.03587. 001
Choice Strategy in a Difficult Task Environment

ysis is used to estimate part-worths. Such a mathematical adjustment can be shown to improve the results in the sense that the differences between experimental cells become smaller. One procedure to overcome the problem identified in this paper is to define all attributes on the same number of levels. However, some attributes are inherently dichotomous (for example, a feature is either present or not), whereas other attributes may have to be defined on more than two levels in order to make the results substantively meaningful. Furthermore, derived importance weights are not interpretable in an absolute manner. That is, they are measured on a ratio scale only in the limit. This follows from the fact that the part-worths are measured on a scale that is, strictly speaking, an ordered metric (Green and Rao 1971, p. 355). Note that, based on the relative importance (RIMP) formulas, for the dominant attribute case we obtain RIMP (A) = 0.67 and RIMP (B) = 0.33, if both attributes are defined on two levels. If, however, we define both attributes on four levels, we get RIMP (A) = 0.80 and RIMP (B) = 0.20. No conclusions can be made about the possible existence of a psychological effect. That is, we do not know whether respondents' preference judgments may be influenced by the number of levels on which an attribute is defined. The magnitude of such an effect, if it exists, may also depend on how the data are collected (e.g., rank order versus rating scales).
Myocardial viability, coronary flow reserve, and in-hospital predictors of late recovery of contractility following successful primary stenting for acute myocardial infarction

Objective: To assess the relation between myocardial viability, coronary flow reserve, and recovery of myocardial contractility after stenting for acute myocardial infarction. Design: Consecutive sample prospective study. Setting: University hospital. Patients: 41 patients with single vessel disease and successful primary stenting for a first acute myocardial infarction. Interventions:201Tl single photon emission computed tomography, contrast ventriculography, and intracoronary Doppler performed 7 (1) days after primary stenting. Main outcome measures: Regional contractility recovery assessed by contrast ventriculography at 6 (1) months’ follow up. Results: On univariate analysis, contractility recovery was correlated to prereperfusion anterograde and collateral flow grades (r = 0.41, p = 0.03 and r = 0.55, p = 0.0004), viability index (r = 0.55, p = 0.04), peak creatine kinase concentrations (r = −0.55, p = 0.0005), left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.45, p = 0.005), end diastolic pressure (r = −0.62, p < 0.0001), end systolic volume index (r = −0.47, p = 0.01), and the extent of hypokinetic area (r = −0.48, p = 0.003), but not the coronary flow reserve. On multivariate analysis, independent predictors of late contractility recovery were prereperfusion anterograde and collateral flow grades and viability index. Relative coronary flow reserve, reflecting the culprit vessel’s microvascular function, was correlated only to the extent of the infarct risk area (r = −0.45, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Independent predictors of contractility recovery between the seventh day and the sixth month after successful stenting for acute myocardial infarction are prereperfusion anterograde and collateral flows and myocardial viability. The culprit vessel’s microvascular dysfunction is independent of myocardial viability and contractility and correlated to the extent of “jeopardised microvasculature”.
FlowSim Simulation Benchmarking Platform

Probabilistic model checking has emerged as a versatile system verification approach, but is frequently facing state-space explosion problems. One promising attack to this is to construct an abstract model which simulates the original model, and to perform model checking on that abstract model. Recently, efficient algorithms and optimizations for deciding simulation of probabilistic models have been proposed, which reduces the theoretical complexity bounds of existing algorithm drastically. In this paper we present a tool to compare the performance of these approaches for deciding the simulation preorder of probabilistic models.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEBT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CHINA

ABSTRACT China’s local government debt (LGD) has recently become the focus of economic policy debates. However, information about LGD and its impact on economic growth in the Chinese economy is scarce. This paper attempts to present an empirical investigation of the impact of China’s LGD on economic growth. It is probably the first of its kind to focus on China and thus contributes to the general literature on the relationship between government debt and economic growth. The paper first provides an assessment of LGD in China’s regional economies, using recently released auditing statistics and other available secondary information. It then applies conventional growth analysis methods to examine the impact of LGD on regional growth in China. Various scenario and sensitivity analyses are also conducted, to accommodate the inadequacy and potentially poor quality of debt statistics.
Spam Filtering System Based on Uncertain Learning

Anti-spam system is asked urgently in recent years. Compared with traditional Anti-spam system, a new spam filtering system is proposed in this paper which is based on uncertain learning approaches. These uncertain learning approaches are well integrated through a commission collaboration mechanism. The new system could handle dual-way spam filtering, namely both out-going and in-coming spam filtering. Six-month performance test on a real email server proved that the new system has very low FN and FP ratio.