Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The cerebellum's role in reading: a functional MR imaging study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Long considered to have a role limited largely to motor-related functions, the cerebellum has recently been implicated as being involved in both perceptual and cognitive processes. Our purpose was to determine whether cerebellar activation occurs during cognitive tasks that differentially engage the component processes of word identification in reading. METHODS Forty-two neurologically normal adults underwent functional MR imaging of the cerebellum with a gradient-echo echo-planar technique while performing tasks designed to study the cognitive processing used in reading. A standard levels-of-processing paradigm was used. Participants were asked to determine whether pairs of words were written in the same case (orthographic processing), whether pairs of words and non-words rhymed with each other, respectively (phonologic assembly), and whether pairs of words belonged to the same category (semantic processing). Composite maps were generated from a general linear model based on a randomization of statistical parametric maps. RESULTS During phonologic assembly, cerebellar activation was observed in the middle and posterior aspects of the posterior superior fissure and adjacent simple lobule and semilunar lobule bilaterally and in posterior aspects of the simple lobule, superior semilunar lobule, and inferior semilunar lobule bilaterally. Semantic processing, however, resulted in activation in the deep nuclear region on the right and in the inferior vermis, in addition to posterior areas active in phonologic assembly, including the simple, superior semilunar, and inferior semilunar lobules. CONCLUSION The cerebellum is engaged during reading and differentially activates in response to phonologic and semantic tasks. These results indicate that the cerebellum contributes to the cognitive processes integral to reading.
Post-discharge experiences of children and their families following children’s surgery

Increasing rates of day surgery and decreasing length of hospital stay mean children’s recovery from surgery extends beyond hospital and into the home. The objective of this study is to improve the understanding of experiences of children and their families during recovery at home post surgery. This is an exploratory, interpretive study using diaries and semi-structured interviews with children and parents. Results from this research show that children recovering at home after surgery have increased dependency and are likely to become the centre of family life; re-establishing independence is a marker of recovery. When present, pain dominates the experience. The families that go home ill-prepared experience high levels of worry. In conclusion, recovery from surgery is influenced by multiple factors; overall, families and children are resilient. There is a role for health professionals to tailor and improve information provision to parents and children about post-operative recovery, including assessment and management of pain. Information should be made available that describes the experience of other families who have undergone a similar surgery, and families should be made aware of what information they need and how to access it before and after discharge.
Software engineering — Software development for E, V, M learning with a high degree of usability for users with various disabilities

This doctoral thesis is about the application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in education or E-Teaching. It is based on the component-based software engineering (CBSE) [1] [2] to search available software to build a learning platform called Educational Immersive Portal (EIP) composed of a Content Management Software (CMS), a virtual classroom or Learning Management Software (LMS), a server and viewer Virtual Worlds (VW), communication libraries from CMS and MV to the LMS, between LMS and mobile phones and uses best practices in usability for people with various disabilities. One goal of the study is to determine the requirements generated by the application of learning strategies Blended Learning (BL) and Peer Instruction (PI) studying how the immersivity a MV offers participants, it can be exploited in the environment activities (also designed on this work) to improve the teaching of topics related to computer engineering. For this purpose, it has given importance to meet the system requirements and functional users of the platform, educational institutions, teachers and students referred to the application of BL and PI in PEI.
Design and Construction of a 3D Printer Auto Controller Wirelessly Through of Free Software

In Ecuador there is a technological culture limited of Rapid Prototyping, which is being exploited to the maximum in other countries, especially in manufacturing, optimizing resources and time. Therefore, we have seen the need to design and build a 3D printer machine that can get plastic prototypes quickly and at low cost. This paper describes the design and construction of a 3D printer that can produce physical models in three-dimensional from a virtual model designed in CAD software for the Laboratory CNC of the University of the Armed Forces ESPE Extension Latacunga. The process starts from a digitized model of the appearance that the object should be reproduced, using free software is programmed the best strategy to follow the injector for printing model, the material extruded plastic state shall be deposited in the mobile platform applied layer by layer until the object has taken its final form. The machine consists of four mechanisms or axes: X, Y, Z form a mobile platform more the extruder mechanism, which has the function of extruding a plastic filament through a smelter. Control is via PC with free software and hardware, it will transform a 3D model programming language G code, before being sent to the controller, ordering the actuators move in speed and position on schedule. Additionally installed a control system and wireless monitoring, dispensing the need for a permanently connected to the machine PC. The prototype implemented and yielded excellent results obtained accurately models □ 0.1 mm. and resistance depending on the type of polymer used. Therefore it is possible to design and build a 3D printer using free software for prototyping and low-cost plastic parts.
Potential to Target Dysregulated Interleukin-2 Receptor Expression in Canine Lymphoid and Hematopoietic Malignancies as a Model for Human Cancer

Lymphohematopoietic malignancies are common spontaneous diseases of dogs whose clinical presentation and biologic behavior closely resemble their human counterparts. The goal of this study was to define the potential to use canine lymphoma and leukemia as suitable models to refine therapeutic approaches targeting the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R). The authors evaluated the patterns of IL-2R expression in 13 dogs with multicentric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and in six dogs with leukemia (acute lymphocytic leukemia, n = 3; chronic lymphocytic leukemia in blast crisis, n = 1; acute monoblastic leukemia, n = 2). The authors first cloned and sequenced the complete coding domains of the wild-type canine IL-2R &agr;-chain gene. They next used qualitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis to examine IL-2R &agr;, &bgr;, and &ggr; c subunit expression in the tumors. Messenger RNA (mRNA) for the interleukin-2 receptor &agr;, &bgr;, and &ggr; c subunits that comprise the high-affinity receptor was present in samples from all dogs with NHL. Expression of functional surface IL-2R also was observed flow cytometrically in NHL cells from all four dogs tested. Leukemic cells from one dog with B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia and two dogs with acute monoblastic leukemia expressed mRNA for all three subunits, whereas cells from another dog with B cell leukemia and both dogs with T cell leukemia expressed only mRNA for the &bgr; and &ggr; c subunits that comprise the intermediate-affinity receptor. These results indicate that the IL-2R is commonly expressed in canine lymphohematopoietic malignancies, and support the suitability of this large-animal model to evaluate targeted IL-2R cancer therapy using approaches of interest in the treatment of humans with hemolymphatic cancers.
Autism Spectrum Disorder and intact executive functioning.

Earliest notions concerning autism (Autism Spectrum Disorders, ASD) describe the disturbance in executive functioning. Despite altered definition, executive functioning, expressed as higher cognitive skills required complex behaviors linked to the prefrontal cortex, are defective in autism. Specific difficulties in children presenting autism or verbal disabilities at executive functioning levels have been identified. Nevertheless, the developmental deficit of executive functioning in autism is highly diversified with huge individual variation and may even be absent. The aim of the present study to examine the current standing of intact executive functioning intact in ASD. RESULTS Analysis of ASD populations, whether high-functioning, Asperger's or autism Broad Phenotype, studied over a range of executive functions including response inhibition, planning, cognitive flexibility, cognitive inhibition, and alerting networks indicates an absence of damage/impairment compared to the typically-developed normal control subjects. CONCLUSIONS These findings of intact executive functioning in ASD subjects provide a strong foundation on which to construct applications for growth environments and the rehabilitation of autistic subjects.
Distraction Reduces Self-Reported Physiological Reactions to Blood Donation in Novice Donors With a Blunting Coping Style

Objective Vasovagal reactions experienced by some blood donors (eg, faintness, lightheadedness, and dizziness) have been shown to be related to a decreased likelihood of future blood donations. This study evaluated the efficacy of audiovisual distraction as a means of reducing self-reported physiological reactions in first-time blood donors. Because interventions that are consistent with an individual’s preferred coping style have been shown to be more effective at reducing physiological and psychological responses to stressful medical procedures, coping style (monitoring vs. blunting) was assessed as a possible moderating variable. Methods First-time blood donors were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: audiovisual distraction or no-treatment control. Participants in the distraction group donated blood at an American Red Cross blood drive while watching a three-dimensional video presentation on a personal visor and headset. The control group donated blood according to standard American Red Cross procedures. Score on a self-reported measure of physiological reactions completed immediately after donation served as the dependent variable. Results Individuals who typically use blunting coping strategies to cope with stress reported an attenuation of vasovagal reactions to blood donation in the distraction vs. the control condition (t (49) = 2.29, p < . 05), whereas donors who prefer a monitoring coping style did not benefit from distraction. Conclusions Among first-time blood donors, audiovisual distraction may be an effective means of reducing vasovagal reactions in donors who prefer to cope with stress using such strategies as distraction, denial, and reinterpretation.
The Importance of Recruiting and Retaining International Students

A steady decline in enrollment among postsecondary institutions and cuts in educational funding, both at the state and federal level, have caused these institutions to look for alternative sources of revenue. With postsecondary institutions struggling to financially survive, international enrollment has become the focus of higher education. The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding on the importance of recruiting and retaining international students. This study used a phenomenological approach and epistemology was used to provide the conceptual framework of the study. Qualitative methods were used to conduct this study. A series of semi-structured interviews provided the data for this study and was collected from a group of higher education administrators. The results from the data were coded and emergent themes identified from the data. The themes from the data provided awareness on how administrators and institutions view the impact international students have on postsecondary institutions. Although five participants from five separate institution participated in this study, the responses from the participants were strikingly similar. Due to the participants’ similar views regarding international students, the implications and recommendations from this study can provide invaluable insight to administrators and U.S. postsecondary institutions.
Shared Decision Making and the Experience of Partnership in Primary Care

PURPOSE Communication has been researched either as a set of behaviors or as a facet of the patient-physician relationship, often leading to conflicting results. To determine the relationship between these perspectives, we examined shared decision making (SDM) and the subjective experience of partnership for patients and physicians in primary care. METHODS From a convenience sample of experienced primary care physicians in 3 clinics, we recruited a stratified sample of 18 English- or Spanish-speaking patients. Direct observation of visits was followed by videotape-triggered stimulated recall sessions with patients and physicians. We coded decision moments for objective evidence of SDM, using a structured instrument. We classified patients’ and physicians’ subjective experience of partnership as positive or negative by a consensus analysis of stimulated recall sessions. We combined results from these 2 analyses to generate 4 archetypes of engagements and used grounded theory to identify themes associated with each archetype. RESULTS The 18 visits yielded 125 decisions, 62 (50%) of which demonstrated SDM. Eighty-two decisions were discussed in stimulated recall and available for combined analysis, resulting in 4 archetypes of engagement in decision making: full engagement (SDM present, subjective experience positive)—22%; simulated engagement (SDM present, subjective experience negative)—38%; assumed engagement (SDM absent, subjective experience positive)—21%; and nonengagement (SDM absent, subjective experience negative)—19%. Thematic analysis revealed that both relationship factors (eg, trust, power) and communication behavior influenced subjective experience of partnership. CONCLUSIONS Combining direct observation and assessment of the subjective experience of partnership suggests that communication behavior does not ensure an experience of collaboration, and a positive subjective experience of partnership does not reflect full communication. Attempts to enhance patient-physician partnership must attend to both effective communication style and affective relationship dynamics.
Serial S100B levels before, during and after cerebral herniation

Protein S100B has been shown to increase in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in various neurological diseases. However, the levels of S100B in conjunction with cerebral herniation have not been studied and the significance of extracerebral S100B has become an important issue. We report on a multi-trauma patient in whom cerebral herniation occurred 2 days after admission. Following this, organ-harvesting procedures were performed for transplantation. We measured serial serum S100B during both the ongoing herniation and the following extracerebral surgery. We found that S100B levels seemed to peak immediately prior to cerebral herniation and then decreased shortly thereafter and concluded that the source of the measured serum S100B in this patient was of predominately cerebral origin. In conjunction with the organ harvesting procedure S100B levels increased, indicating that extracerebral sources of the protein also exist.
Peripheral Neuropathy of Dietary Riboflavin Deficiency in Chickens

A strain of rapidly growing meat-type chickens was fed a diet deficient in riboflavin from 1–40 days of age. Diminished growth rate, progressive gait abnormality and reluctance to move were noted beginning on day 8. Neurologic abnormalities were related to peripheral neuropathy characterized by Schwann cell hypertrophy and degeneration with cytoplasmic lipid droplets' and segmental demyelination. Lesions were initially detected on day 10, and in concert with clinical signs became more profound between days 14 and 21. Sequestration of myelin debris within Schwann cells was common. Other features of the neuropathy included the presence of endoneurial edema and axonal degeneration involving small numbers of fibers. Remyelination of peripheral nerve fibers in birds on the deficient diet was occasionally seen on day 10, became progressively more prominent, and was marked by day 37. There was an associated, variable but incomplete, clinical improvement evident in later stages of the study. Liver concentrations of riboflavin in deficient birds were significantly reduced on day 13 but not on day 26. This neuropathy may be related to diminished tissue levels of the riboflavin-based coenzymes flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) leading to reduced cellular energy levels and profoundly affecting Schwann cells at some critical point in growth.
Visual Hand Tracking Algorithms

Tracking is an important section in a gesture recognition system. Numerous techniques for segmentation, tracking, modeling and recognition have been proposed during several past years. A few papers comparing different approaches have been published. However, a comprehensive survey on tracking is still missing. We try to fill this vacuum by reviewing most widely used methods and techniques and collecting their numerical evaluation results
Activity recognition using statistical gait parameters from a single accelerometer

Wearable sensor systems represent an increasingly viable approach to short and long term motion classification and gait estimation primarily due to decreased size, cost and broad applicability. Accurate human motion recognition by means of minimally intrusive and low-power systems has countless applications in healthcare, sports medicine, and military operational settings. In this work, human locomotion was characterized in terms of gait response using for two type of activities. A single sensor positioned on the chest was used for the recorded acceleration response. The proposed algorithm uses Gaussian mixture from the signal features and support vector machine classifier to characterize gait. Good discrimination between gaits at different phases of locomotion is observed for the selected activities. The proposed approach also shows low sensitivity to noise and exhibit robustness across sensor types.
Automatic recognition of multiparty human interactions using dynamic Bayesian networks

Relating statistical machine learning approaches to the automatic analysis of multiparty communicative events, such as meetings, is an ambitious research area. We have investigated automatic meeting segmentation both in terms of “Meeting Actions” and “Dialogue Acts”. Dialogue acts model the discourse structure at a fine grained level highlighting individual speaker intentions. Group meeting actions describe the same process at a coarse level, highlighting interactions between different meeting participants and showing overall group intentions. A framework based on probabilistic graphical models such as dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) has been investigated for both tasks. Our first set of experiments is concerned with the segmentation and structuring of meetings (recorded using multiple cameras and microphones) into sequences of group meeting actions such as monologue, discussion and presentation. We outline four families of multimodal features based on speaker turns, lexical transcription, prosody, and visual motion that are extracted from the raw audio and video recordings. We relate these lowlevel multimodal features to complex group behaviours proposing a multistreammodelling framework based on dynamic Bayesian networks. Later experiments are concerned with the automatic recognition of Dialogue Acts (DAs) in multiparty conversational speech. We present a joint generative approach based on a switching DBN for DA recognition in which segmentation and classification of DAs are carried out in parallel. This approach models a set of features, related to lexical content and prosody, and incorporates a weighted interpolated factored language model. In conjunction with this joint generative model, we have also investigated the use of a discriminative approach, based on conditional random fields, to perform a reclassification of the segmented DAs. The DBN based approach yielded significant improvements when applied both to the meeting action and the dialogue act recognition task. On both tasks, the DBN framework provided an effective factorisation of the state-space and a flexible infrastructure able to integrate a heterogeneous set of resources such as continuous and discrete multimodal features, and statistical language models. Although our experiments have been principally targeted on multiparty meetings; features, models, and methodologies developed in this thesis can be employed for a wide range of applications. Moreover both group meeting actions and DAs offer valuable in-
Twenty‐five years' experience of prophylactic treatment in severe haemophilia A and B

In Sweden, prophylactic treatment of boys with severe haemophilia has been practised since 1958 in an attempt to convert the disease from a severe to a milder form. The present study population consisted of 60 severe haemophiliacs (52 A, 8 B), aged 3–32 years. Treatment is started when the boys are 1–2 years of age, the regimens used being 24–40 IU F VIII kg−1 three times weekly in haemophilia‐A cases (i.e. > 2000 IU kg−1 annually) and 25–40 IU F IX kg−1 twice weekly in haemophilia‐B cases. The orthopaedic and radiological joint scores (maximum scores of 90 and 78, respectively) are evaluated as recommended by the World Federation of Haemophilia. Of those subjects aged 3–17 years, 29 out of 35 individuals had joint scores of zero. The oldest group had only minor joint defects. The VIII:C and IX:C concentrations had usually not fallen below 1% of normal. All 60 patients are able to lead normal lives. In conclusion, it appears to be possible to prevent haemophilic arthropathy by giving effective continuous prophylaxis from an early age, and preventing the VIII:C or IX:C concentration from falling below 1% of normal.
Improved initial rotor position estimation of IPMSM using amplitude demodulation method based on HF carrier signal injection

For interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives, high-frequency (HF) rotating voltage signal injection method is widely employed to estimate the initial rotor position. However, conventional demodulation method based on current phase is complex and susceptible to filters and digital control delays, an amplitude demodulation algorithm is proposed in this paper. With the proposed method, the initial rotor position can be demodulated from the amplitude of three phase current, including magnetic position and polarity. Meanwhile, the current amplitude is calculated by recursive DFT method, which requires a negligible memory space. Furthermore, a simple way is presented on exacting rotor position without filters, which is immune from filters and digital control delays. For magnetic polarity detection, a novel method is investigated based on magnetic saturation effect, which has the advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and no extra signal injection. Finally, the experimental results on a IPMSM indicate that the proposed method can obtain the initial rotor position with high precise and good robustness while comparing to the conventional method.