Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resolution of binocular rivalry: Perceptual misbinding of color

Is neural binding of color and form required for perception of a unified colored object? Individual cells selectively tuned to both color and orientation are proposed to moot the binding problem. This study reveals perceptual misbinding of color, thereby revealing separate neural representations of color and form followed by a subsequent binding process. Low luminance-contrast, rivalrous chromatic gratings were presented dichoptically. Each grating had alternating chromatic and gray stripes (e.g., red/gray in the left eye, green/gray in the right eye). Observers viewed the two rivalrous, 2 cpd gratings for 1 min. The duration of exclusive visibility was measured for four percepts: left-eye stimulus, right-eye stimulus, fusion of the two colors, or a two-color grating (e.g. a red/green grating). The percept of a two-color grating (misbinding) was observed with Michelson luminance contrast in the grating up to 20%. In general, for a given level of luminance contrast either misbinding (low luminance contrast) or color mixture (high luminance contrast) was observed, but not both of them. The perceived two-color gratings show that two rivalrous chromaticities are both represented neurally when color and form are combined to give a unified percept. “Resolution” of competing chromatic signals from the two eyes is not restricted to color dominance and color mixture. The transition from misbinding to color mixture by increasing luminance contrast shows that luminance edges have an important role in correct localization of color.
Temporal dynamics of motion integration for the initiation of tracking eye movements at ultra-short latencies

The perceived direction of a grating moving behind an elongated aperture is biased towards the aperture's long axis. This “barber pole” illusion is a consequence of integrating one-dimensional (1D) or grating and two-dimensional (2D) or terminator motion signals. In humans, we recorded the ocular following responses to this stimulus. Tracking was always initiated at ultra-short latencies (≈ 85 ms) in the direction of grating motion. With elongated apertures, a later component was initiated 15–20 ms later in the direction of the terminator motion signals along the aperture's long axis. Amplitude of the later component was dependent upon the aperture's aspect ratio. Mean tracking direction at the end of the trial (135–175 ms after stimulus onset) was between the directions of the vector sum computed by integrating either terminator motion signals only or both grating and terminator motion signals. Introducing an elongated mask at the center of the “barber pole” did not affect the latency difference between early and later components, indicating that this latency shift was not due to foveal versus peripheral locations of 1D and 2D motion signals. Increasing the size of the foveal mask up to 90% of the stimulus area selectively reduced the strength of the grating motion signals and, consequently, the amplitude of the early component. Conversely, reducing the contrast of, or indenting the aperture's edges, selectively reduced the strength of terminator motion signals and, consequently, the amplitude of the later component. Latencies were never affected by these manipulations. These results tease apart an early component of tracking responses, driven by the grating motion signals and a later component, driven by the line-endings moving at the intersection between grating and aperture's borders. These results support the hypothesis of a parallel processing of 1D and 2D motion signals with different temporal dynamics.
Feline immunodeficiency virus infects both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes

Monoclonal populations of feline T cells, derived from a specific-pathogen-free cat and expressing either the CD4 or CD8 surface antigen, were infected in vitro with two geographically distinct isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Both infected T-cell subsets exhibited decreased cell viability, expressed FIV-encoded proteins, and generated reverse transcriptase activity. All clones examined retained their original surface phenotype after infection. It appears, therefore, that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells may be productively infected by FIV in vivo.
Distributed self-* minimum connected covering of a query region in sensor networks

Wireless ad-hoc sensor networks are composed of a large number of tiny sensors that have limited resources and yet must form a connected network. A group of sensors is said to cover a certain region when the union of the sensing disks of these sensors completely cover this region. Given a query over a sensor network the minimum connected sensor cover problem is to select a minimum, or nearly minimum, set of sensors such that the selected sensors cover the query region and form a connected network. One proposed solution for the minimum connected sensor cover problem can be to first form a minimum connected dominating set (MCDS), and then to include all sensors in the MCDS in the final cover set. In this paper, we use this approach to present a fully distributed, strictly localized, scalable, self-* solution to the minimum connected sensor cover problem.
1 UMTS High-Speed Downlink Packet Access 1 . 1 Standardization and Current Deployment of HSDPA

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is the forum where standardization has been handled from the first Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) specification on. It unites many telecommunication standard bodies to coordinate their regional activities in order to establish global standards aligned down to bit-level details. The 3GPP was created in December 1998, with the original scope of producing technical specifications and technical reports for 3G mobile systems, both for Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) modes. The scope was subsequently amended to include the maintenance and development of Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), and Enhanced Data Rates for Global system for mobile communications Evolution (EDGE) specifications. The specifications themselves are published regularly, with major milestones being denoted as " Releases " [20]. Figure 1.1 shows the chronological development of the 3GPP standardization releases. During the work on Rel'4, it became obvious that some improvements for packet access would be needed [30]. Rel'5, which was finished in June 2002, thus introduced a high-speed enhancement for the Downlink (DL) packet data services: High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). 1 The innovation that happened for HSDPA was quite tremendous , including changes in the physical layer, the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and slight changes in the core network. In March 2005, 3GPP finished its work on Rel'6, specifying the Uplink (UL) pendant of HSDPA, called High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA). Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) was already of interest during the work on Rel'5 and Rel'6; however, the feasibility studies up to that point concluded that the benefits of it were limited to the extent that the additional complexity could not be justified. Finally, after a long and detailed study discussing many proposals [3], MIMO 1 The terms Rel'5 HSDPA and Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) HSDPA will be used interchangeably.
Novel Modality for Neck Rejuvenation: A Prospective Multicenter Trial of Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of the Cervical Branch of the Facial Nerve

BACKGROUND Neck rejuvenation offers few modalities of treatments limited to either invasive plastic surgery or temporary neuromodulation using botulinum toxin. OBJECTIVE To access the efficacy, longevity, and safety of percutaneous monopolar radiofrequency (RF) ablation of the cervical branch of the facial nerve innervating the platysma for neck rejuvenation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective, multicenter trial enrolled 19 adult patients with noticeable platysmal banding at 2 different centers. All patients underwent RF ablation on the cervical branch of the facial nerve. Response was assessed immediately after treatment and then at 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the procedure using photography. Masked investigators compared baseline photography and follow-up intervals to evaluate the results. RESULTS Seventeen of the 18 patients had improvement in the platysmal banding. One patient was disqualified after ablation. Long-term sequalae such as scarring, burns, ulceration, hypopigmentation, or hyperpigmentation were not reported. CONCLUSION The results of this multicenter study support that RF ablation of the cervical branch of the facial nerve is a novel technique that results in improvement of platysmal banding. This technique is an emerging alternative, nonsurgical option for neck rejuvenation that is relatively safe, with little downtime for the patient.
Supporting Defect Causal Analysis in Practice with Cross-Company Data on Causes of Requirements Engineering Problems

[Context] Defect Causal Analysis (DCA) represents an efficient practice to improve software processes. While knowledge on cause-effect relations is helpful to support DCA, collecting cause-effect data may require significant effort and time. [Goal] We propose and evaluate a new DCA approach that uses cross-company data to support the practical application of DCA. [Method] We collected cross-company data on causes of requirements engineering problems from 74 Brazilian organizations and built a Bayesian network. Our DCA approach uses the diagnostic inference of the Bayesian network to support DCA sessions. We evaluated our approach by applying a model for technology transfer to industry and conducted three consecutive evaluations: (i) in academia, (ii) with industry representatives of the Fraunhofer Project Center at UFBA, and (iii) in an industrial case study at the Brazilian National Development Bank (BNDES). [Results] We received positive feedback in all three evaluations and the cross-company data was considered helpful for determining main causes. [Conclusions] Our results strengthen our confidence in that supporting DCA with cross-company data is promising and should be further investigated.
Impact of reducing dosing frequency on adherence to oral therapies: a literature review and meta-analysis

Objectives To assess the impact of reduced frequency of oral therapies from multiple-dosing schedules to a once-daily (OD) dosing schedule on adherence, compliance, persistence, and associated economic impact. Methods A meta-analysis was performed based on relevant articles identified from a comprehensive literature review using MEDLINE® and Embase®. The review included studies assessing adherence with OD, twice-daily (BID), thrice-daily (TID), and four-times daily (QID) dosing schedules and costs associated with optimal/suboptimal adherence among patients with acute and chronic diseases. Effect estimates across studies were pooled and analyzed using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effect model. Results Forty-three studies met inclusion criteria, and meta-analyzable data were available from 13 studies. The overall results indicated that OD schedules were associated with higher adherence rates (odds ratio [OR] 3.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.80–5.23; P < 0.001 for OD versus > OD dosing) and compliance rates (OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.73–7.08; P < 0.001 for OD versus > OD dosing); persistence rates showed the same direction but were not statistically significant (OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.62–3.29; P = 0.405 for OD versus BID dosing). Results for each of the conditions were consistent with those observed overall with respect to showing the benefits of less frequent dosing. From a health economic perspective, higher adherence rates with OD relative to multiple dosing in a number of conditions were consistently associated with corresponding lower costs of health care resources utilization. Conclusion Current meta-analyses suggested that across acute and chronic disease states, reducing dosage frequency from multiple dosing to OD dosing may improve adherence to therapies among patients. Improving adherence may result in subsequent decreases in health care costs.
Four-Element Ultrawideband Textile Cross Array for Dual-Spatial and Dual-Polarization Diversity

The emergence of miniaturized flexible electronics enables on-duty first responders to collect biometrical and environmental data through multiple on-body sensors, integrated into their clothing. However, gathering these life-saving data would be useless if they cannot set up reliable, preferable high-data-rate, wireless communication links between the sensors and a remote base station. Therefore, we have developed a four-element ultrawideband textile cross array that combines dual-spatial and dual-polarization diversity and is easily deployable in a first responder's garment. The impedance bandwidth of the array equals 1.43 GHz, while mutual coupling between its elements remains below <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>25 dB. For a maximal bit error rate of 1e<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>4, the array realizes a diversity gain of 24.81 dB. When applying adaptive subcarrier modulation, the mean throughput per orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier increases by an extra bit/symbol when comparing fourth- to second-order diversity.
A Secret Sharing Scheme Based on Group Presentations and the Word Problem

A (t,n)-threshold secret sharing scheme is a method to distribute a secret among n participants in such a way that any t participants can recover the secret, but no t-1 participants can. In this paper, we propose two secret sharing schemes using non-abelian groups. One scheme is the special case where all the participants must get together to recover the secret. The other one is a (t,n)-threshold scheme that is a combination of Shamir's scheme and the group-theoretic scheme proposed in this paper.
ℓ1 Major Component Detection and Analysis (ℓ1 MCDA): Foundations in Two Dimensions

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is widely used for identifying the major components of statistically distributed point clouds. Robust versions of PCA, often based in part on the l1 norm (rather than the l2 norm), are increasingly used, especially for point clouds with many outliers. Neither standard PCA nor robust PCAs can provide, without additional assumptions, reliable information for outlier-rich point clouds and for distributions with several main directions (spokes). We carry out a fundamental and complete reformulation of the PCA approach in a framework based exclusively on the l1 norm and heavy-tailed distributions. The l1 Major Component Detection and Analysis (l1 MCDA) that we propose can determine the main directions and the radial extent of 2D data from single or multiple superimposed Gaussian or heavy-tailed distributions without and with patterned artificial outliers (clutter). In nearly all cases in the computational results, 2D l1 MCDA has accuracy superior to that of standard PCA and of two robust PCAs, namely, the projection-pursuit method of Croux and Ruiz-Gazen and the l1 factorization method of Ke and Kanade. (Standard PCA is, of course, superior to l1 MCDA for Gaussian-distributed point clouds.) The computing time of l1 MCDA is competitive with the computing times of the two robust PCAs.
Evaluating the features of the brain waves to quantify ADHD improvement by neurofeedback.

BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as one of the most common neurological disorders in children and adolescents, is characterized by decentralization, slow learning, distraction and hyperactivity. Studies have shown that in addition to medication, neurofeedback training can also be used to partially control the brain activity of these patients. METHODS In this study, using the brain signals processing before and after the treatment in 10 children treated by neurofeedback, the changes were evaluated by non-parametric statistical analysis and impact of neurofeedback on brain frequency bands was investigated. Finally, the results were compared with the protocols introduced in this paper and before researches. RESULTS The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed an approximately significant increase in the relative power of gamma and an approximately significant reduction in the ratio of relative power of alpha/beta. CONCLUSIONS It represents the emotional response, elicited by the successful learning and diminished ratio of slow learning to active learning respectively.
Mitochondrial Dynamics and Oxidative Stress Lipotoxicity in steatohepatitis occurs despite an increase in tricarboxylic acid cycle activity

Rainey E. Patterson,* Srilaxmi Kalavalapalli,* Caroline M. Williams, Manisha Nautiyal, Justin T. Mathew, Janie Martinez, Mary K. Reinhard, Danielle J. McDougall, James R. Rocca, Richard A. Yost, Kenneth Cusi, Timothy J. Garrett,* and Nishanth E. Sunny* Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California; Animal Care Services, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Facility, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Malcom Randall Veterans Administration Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida; Division of Diabetes, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Division of Diabetes, Audie L. Murphy Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas; and Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Design and Implementation of the Agent-based EVMs System

Since 1990, intelligent agents have been broadly used in complex, dynamic, and open applications such as production planning, robotics, and in searching the Internet. Though theoretical research as well as real implementation of agent technology are common, there is no commonly agreed-upon definition of intelligent agents. From an Artificial Intelligence point of view, an intelligent agent is a hardware or (more usually) softwarebased computer system that has the following properties: (Wooldridge & Jennings 1995)
Performance Sensitivity Studies for Strategic Applications

This paper applies modeling and simulation to key High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) systems and applications to determine the degree to which fundamental system attributes affect application performance. Synthetic probes are used to ascertain target system capabilities, while application tracing is used to uncover the memory and communication usage characteristics of target codes. A predictive model subsequently melds system and application data in order to project a time-to-solution for each application and system pair. System attributes are then systematically modified, and the predictive model is again applied, to determine the sensitivity of application performance to key system attributes. Time-to-solution predictions for five application test cases (AVUS Standard/Large, HYCOM Standard, OVERFLOW2 Standard, and RF-CTH2 Standard) from the HPCMP TI-05 Benchmarking Suite were validated against Government-obtained benchmarking data for 10 HPCMP systems (ranging from an SGI Origin 3800 to an IBM Opteron cluster), yielding an average absolute error of 18%. Sensitivity analysis was then applied to AVUS Large and OVERFLOW2 Standard using the Department of Defense (DoD) baseline system (a 2832 processor IBM p655) as the target system, revealing that both test cases have difficulty staying within mid-tier (L2) and outer-tier cache (L3), and therefore greatly benefit from increased L3 and main memory bandwidths.
A Novel Dynamic Hidden Semi-Markov Model (D-HSMM) for Occupancy Pattern Detection from Sensor Data Stream

Occupant presence and behaviour have a large impact on building energy performance. With the availability of low cost and affordable sensors, accurate occupancy detection by combining sensor stream data with machine learning approaches becomes possible. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamical hidden semi-Markov model (D-HSMM) which can accurately detect occupancy pattern from sensor data stream in real time. Our approach extends traditional hidden Markov (HMM) and hidden semi-Markov models (HSMM). The novelty of the proposed approach consists in 1) a new dynamic duration modelling way in which the duration is dynamically changing, instead of using fixed duration in traditional HSMM based models; 2) a new approach to state prediction (i.e. occupant presence or absence in this case) based on a weighted function with partially available observations instead of using the whole set of observations. In order to evaluate the performance of our model, we have compared our results with traditional HMM and HSMM approaches. The experimental evaluation shows that our D-HSMM model outperforms the conventional HMM and HSMM-based approaches with very high accuracy.
Connectivity with Noncoherent Cooperation in Extended Wireless Networks

The connectivity and capacity of large ad hoc networks have been studied extensively under standard point-to-point physical layer assumptions. However, extensive recent research has demonstrated the improvement in performance possible when multiple radios concurrently transmit in the same radio channel. In this paper, we consider how such physical layer cooperation improves the connectivity in wireless ad hoc networks. In particular, for noncoherent power summing of signals on the physical channel, we consider conditions on the node density λ (or, equivalently, the transmit power) for full connectivity and percolation for large networks in various dimensions and with various path loss exponents α . For the one-dimensional (1-D) case, in contrast to noncollaborative networks, we demonstrate that full connectivity can be realized for certain conditions. In particular, for any node density with α < 1 , or for node density λ > 2 when α = 1 , full connectivity occurs with probability one in extended networks. Conversely, we demonstrate that there is no percolation with probability one when α > 1 . In two-dimensional (2-D) extended networks, for any node density with α < 2 , or for node density λ > 5 when α = 2 , full connectivity is achieved. Conversely, there is no full connectivity with probability one when α > 2 , but we prove that, for α (cid:54) 4 , the percolation threshold of the noncoherent collaborative network is strictly less than that of the noncollaborative network. Hence, even relatively simple physical layer collaboration in the