Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Up in the clouds: A Taxonomical Analysis of Network Management Functionalities from a Network as a Service Perspective

The externalization of network control and maintenance tasks, enabled by the emerging Networking as a Service (NaaS) paradigm, is an appealing opportunity for large Telcos to expand their network management offering to SMEs. In this paper we propose an architecture for network control and management capable of efficiently supporting the NaaS paradigm. Our methodology is based on a set of orthogonal requirements that forms the platform to assess the admissibility of different network management functions in the remote management plane. Such assessments are realized based on the taxonomical evaluation of the management functions classified according to the requirements they impose on the remote management plane in terms of security and robustness. Experimental results obtained from a proof-of-concept implementation deployed over a large scale testbed composed of about 500 WiFi Access Points shows that the signaling traffic for a practical implementation supporting not trivial autonomic control loops is lower that 20 bytes/s for each node. Moreover, the latency to execute administrative actions is in most cases in the order of 70 ms.
iPlasma: An Integrated Platform for Quality Assessment of Object-Oriented Design

To make software maintenance easier, a superior quality of its design and implementation process must be ensured. For this reason, existing software must be supported by automated systems for analysis, diagnose and design improvement, at a high level as well as at a level close to source code. iPlasma is an integrated environment for quality analysis of objectoriented software systems that includes support for all the necessary phases of analysis: from model extraction (including scalable parsing for C++ and Java) up to high-level metricsbased analysis, or detection of code duplication. iPlasma has three major advantages: extensibility of supported analysis, integration with further analysis tools and scalability, as it was used in the past to analyze large-scale projects in the size of millions of code lines (e.g. Eclipse and Mozilla).
Supervised learning via Euler's Elastica models

This paper investigates the Euler's elastica (EE) model for high-dimensional supervised learning problems in a function approximation framework. In 1744 Euler introduced the elastica energy for a 2D curve on modeling torsion-free thin elastic rods. Together with its degenerate form of total variation (TV), Euler's elastica has been successfully applied to low-dimensional data processing such as image denoising and image inpainting in the last two decades. Our motivation is to apply Euler's elastica to high-dimensional supervised learning problems. To this end, a supervised learning problem is modeled as an energy functional minimization under a new geometric regularization scheme, where the energy is composed of a squared loss and an elastica penalty. The elastica penalty aims at regularizing the approximated function by heavily penalizing large gradients and high curvature values on all level curves. We take a computational PDE approach to minimize the energy functional. By using variational principles, the energy minimization problem is transformed into an Euler-Lagrange PDE. However, this PDE is usually high-dimensional and can not be directly handled by common low-dimensional solvers. To circumvent this difficulty, we use radial basis functions (RBF) to approximate the target function, which reduces the optimization problem to finding the linear coefficients of these basis functions. Some theoretical properties of this new model, including the existence and uniqueness of solutions and universal consistency, are analyzed. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed model for binary classification, multi-class classification, and regression tasks.
Analysis and Prediction of Unalignable Words in Parallel Text

Professional human translators usually do not employ the concept of word alignments, producing translations ‘sense-forsense’ instead of ‘word-for-word’. This suggests that unalignable words may be prevalent in the parallel text used for machine translation (MT). We analyze this phenomenon in-depth for Chinese-English translation. We further propose a simple and effective method to improve automatic word alignment by pre-removing unalignable words, and show improvements on hierarchical MT systems in both translation directions. 1 Motivation It is generally acknowledged that absolute equivalence between two languages is impossible, since concept lexicalization varies across languages. Major translation theories thus argue that texts should be translated ‘sense-for-sense’ instead of ‘word-for-word’ (Nida, 1964). This suggests that unalignable words may be an issue for the parallel text used to train current statistical machine translation (SMT) systems. Although existing automatic word alignment methods have some mechanism to handle the lack of exact word-for-word alignment (e.g. null probabilities, fertility in the IBM models (Brown et al., 1993)), they may be too coarse-grained to model the ’sense-for-sense’ translations created by professional human translators.
[18F](2S,4S)-4-(3-Fluoropropyl)glutamine as a Tumor Imaging Agent

Although the growth and proliferation of most tumors is fueled by glucose, some tumors are more likely to metabolize glutamine. In particular, tumor cells with the upregulated c-Myc gene are generally reprogrammed to utilize glutamine. We have developed new 3-fluoropropyl analogs of glutamine, namely [18F](2S,4R)- and [18F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 3 and 4, to be used as probes for studying glutamine metabolism in these tumor cells. Optically pure isomers labeled with 18F and 19F (2S,4S) and (2S,4R)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine were synthesized via different routes and isolated in high radiochemical purity (≥95%). Cell uptake studies of both isomers showed that they were taken up efficiently by 9L tumor cells with a steady increase over a time frame of 120 min. At 120 min, their uptake was approximately two times higher than that of l-[3H]glutamine ([3H]Gln). These in vitro cell uptake studies suggested that the new probes are potential tumor imaging agents. Yet, the lower chemical yield of the precursor for 3, as well as the low radiochemical yield for 3, limits the availability of [18F](2S,4R)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 3. We, therefore, focused on [18F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4. The in vitro cell uptake studies suggested that the new probe, [18F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4, is most sensitive to the LAT transport system, followed by System N and ASC transporters. A dual-isotope experiment using l-[3H]glutamine and the new probe showed that the uptake of [3H]Gln into 9L cells was highly associated with macromolecules (>90%), whereas the [18F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4, was not (<10%). This suggests a different mechanism of retention. In vivo PET imaging studies demonstrated tumor-specific uptake in rats bearing 9L xenographs with an excellent tumor to muscle ratio (maximum of ∼8 at 40 min). [18F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4, may be useful for testing tumors that may metabolize glutamine related amino acids.
Invisible Seams

Surface materials are commonly described by attributes stored in textures (for instance, color, normal, or displacement). Interpolation during texture lookup provides a continuous value field everywhere on the surface, except at the chart boundaries where visible discontinuities appear. We propose a solution to make these seams invisible, while still outputting a standard texture atlas. Our method relies on recent advances in quad remeshing using global parameterization to produce a set of texture coordinates aligning texel grids across chart boundaries. This property makes it possible to ensure that the interpolated value fields on both sides of a chart boundary precisely match, making all seams invisible. However, this requirement on the uv coordinates needs to be complemented by a set of constraints on the colors stored in the texels. We propose an algorithm solving for all the necessary constraints between texel values, including through different magnification modes (nearest, bilinear, biquadratic and bicubic), and across facets using different texture resolutions. In the typical case of bilinear magnification and uniform resolution, none of the texels appearing on the surface are constrained. Our approach also ensures perfect continuity across several MIP‐mapping levels.
FlowCert : probabilistic certification for peer-to-peer computations

Large scale cluster, peer-to-peer computing systems and grid computer systems gather thousands of nodes for computing parallel applications. At this scale, it raises the problem of the result checking of the parallel execution of a program on an unsecured grid. This domain is the object of numerous works, either at the hardware or at the software level. We propose here an original software method based on the dynamic computation of the data-flow associated to a partial execution of the program on a secure machine. This data-flow is a summary of the execution: any complete execution of the program on an unsecured remote machine with the same inputs supplies a flow which summary has to correspond to the one obtained by partial execution.
The role of NADPH oxidase in brain ischemia

Oxygen free radicals or oxidants that arise from molecular oxygen by successive single-electron reduction reactions, include the superoxide anion (O2-), the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) (Chan 1996). Physiological levels of free radicals are needed for redox sensitive signal pathways, cell development and cell apoptosis (Chan 2001). During brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), oxygen is not well used; and robust oxygen radicals are generated in the brain. Excessive free radicals cause the cellular macromolecular damages of lipids, proteins, and nucleotide acids; thus, they play a crucial role in ischemic/reperfusion brain damage. NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a pro-oxidant enzyme that is expressed in various brain regions and its level is regulated by ischemia. This review is focused on the role of NOX in brain ischemia. Results from both in vivo and in vitro studies suggested that NOX plays a role in ischemic brain damage through producing oxygen radicals, contributing to excitotoxicity, and exacerbating post-ischemic inflammation process.
Knowledge Base of Industrial Cluster and Start-ups’ Innovation Performance

This study explores the impact of knowledge stock and knowledge centrality, which are the two main characteristics of innovative start-ups’ entry technologies in the local knowledge base, on firms’ technological innovation and diversification. It tests the hypotheses with patent and firmlevel data of innovative start-ups in Shanghai Information Communication Technology cluster from 1985 to 2009. The results show that knowledge stock and centrality has positive influence on firms’ technological innovations in their entry fields. Individually, knowledge stock and centrality has negative impact on start-ups’ technological diversification. However, there is a significant complementary effect on start-ups’ technological diversification between these two factors.
Exploiting wheel slips of mobile robots to improve navigation performance

Improving navigation performance of autonomous wheeled mobile robot (WMR) in a dynamic unstructured environment requires improved maneuverability. In such cases, the dynamics of wheel slip may violate the ideal no-slip kinematic constraints generally used to model nonholonomic WMR. In this paper, a new method is proposed to tackle the modeling inadequacy that arises when slip is neglected by including both longitudinal and lateral slip dynamics into the overall dynamics of the WMR. This new model of the WMR provides a realistic simulation environment that can be utilized to develop model-based controllers to improve WMR navigation. In this paper, a dynamic planner with a path-following controller is designed to allow the WMR to navigate efficiently by autonomously regulating the generated traction force due to wheel slip. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the importance of the proposed modeling technique to capture slip phenomenon and the efficacy of the presented control technique to exploit such slip for better navigation performance.
Mapping XML Data to Relational Data: A DOM-Based Approach

XML has emerged as the standard for representing and exchanging data on the World Wide Web. It is critical to have efficient mechanisms to store and query XML data to exploit the full power of this new technology. Several researchers have proposed to use relational databases to store and query XML data. While several algorithms of schema mapping and query mapping have been proposed, the problem of mapping XML data to relational data, i.e., mapping an XML INSERT statement to a sequence of SQL INSERT statements, has not been addressed thoroughly in the literature. In this paper, we propose an efficient linear algorithm for mapping XML data to relational data. This algorithm is based on our previous proposed inlining algorithm for mapping DTDs to relational schemas and can be easily adapted to other inlining algorithms.
The ocean carbon sink – impacts, vulnerabilities and challenges

Abstract. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is, next to water vapour, considered to be the most important natural greenhouse gas on Earth. Rapidly rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations caused by human actions such as fossil fuel burning, land-use change or cement production over the past 250 years have given cause for concern that changes in Earth's climate system may progress at a much faster pace and larger extent than during the past 20 000 years. Investigating global carbon cycle pathways and finding suitable adaptation and mitigation strategies has, therefore, become of major concern in many research fields. The oceans have a key role in regulating atmospheric CO2 concentrations and currently take up about 25% of annual anthropogenic carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Questions that yet need to be answered are what the carbon uptake kinetics of the oceans will be in the future and how the increase in oceanic carbon inventory will affect its ecosystems and their services. This requires comprehensive investigations, including high-quality ocean carbon measurements on different spatial and temporal scales, the management of data in sophisticated databases, the application of Earth system models to provide future projections for given emission scenarios as well as a global synthesis and outreach to policy makers. In this paper, the current understanding of the ocean as an important carbon sink is reviewed with respect to these topics. Emphasis is placed on the complex interplay of different physical, chemical and biological processes that yield both positive and negative air–sea flux values for natural and anthropogenic CO2 as well as on increased CO2 (uptake) as the regulating force of the radiative warming of the atmosphere and the gradual acidification of the oceans. Major future ocean carbon challenges in the fields of ocean observations, modelling and process research as well as the relevance of other biogeochemical cycles and greenhouse gases are discussed.
Self-assembled lipid and membrane protein polyhedral nanoparticles

Significance An alternate strategy to tubular or 2D crystals for high-resolution membrane protein structure determination by electron microscopy has been developed. Homogeneous polyhedral proteoliposomes of defined symmetry were prepared from the Escherichia coli mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS). These membrane protein polyhedral nanoparticles (MPPNs) were analyzed by electron cryomicroscopy that established that they contain 24 MscS heptamers related by octahedral symmetry wherein the individual MscS conformation resembles the nonconducting state. We further demonstrate the development of a membraneless microfluidic device that can facilitate the preparation of a variety of MPPNs, with future applications including structural studies of membrane proteins in the presence of transmembrane gradients, as well as drug delivery carriers or as templates for inorganic nanoparticle formation. We demonstrate that membrane proteins and phospholipids can self-assemble into polyhedral arrangements suitable for structural analysis. Using the Escherichia coli mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) as a model protein, we prepared membrane protein polyhedral nanoparticles (MPPNs) with uniform radii of ∼20 nm. Electron cryotomographic analysis established that these MPPNs contain 24 MscS heptamers related by octahedral symmetry. Subsequent single-particle electron cryomicroscopy yielded a reconstruction at ∼1-nm resolution, revealing a conformation closely resembling the nonconducting state. The generality of this approach has been addressed by the successful preparation of MPPNs for two unrelated proteins, the mechanosensitive channel of large conductance and the connexon Cx26, using a recently devised microfluidics-based free interface diffusion system. MPPNs provide not only a starting point for the structural analysis of membrane proteins in a phospholipid environment, but their closed surfaces should facilitate studies in the presence of physiological transmembrane gradients, in addition to potential applications as drug delivery carriers or as templates for inorganic nanoparticle formation.
Extracting Interacting Protein Pairs and Evidence Sentences by using Dependency Parsing and Machine Learning Techniques

The biomedical literature is growing rapidly. This increases the need for developing text mining techniques to automatically extract biologically important information such as protein-protein interactions from free texts. Besides identifying an interaction and the interacting pair of proteins, it is also important to extract from the full text the most relevant sentences describing that interaction. These issues were addressed in the BioCreAtIvE II (Critical Assessment for Information Extraction in Biology) challenge evaluation as sub-tasks under the protein-protein interaction extraction (PPI) task. We present our approach of using dependency parsing and machine learning techniques to identify interacting protein pairs from full text articles (Protein Interaction Pairs Sub-task 2 (IPS)) and extracting the most relevant sentences that describe their interaction (Protein Interaction Sentences Sub-task 3 (ISS)).
Family System: A Reference Model for Developing Home Automation Applications

This research is a pioneer attempt to establish theoretical foundation and a framework for technical developments in home automation. This study suggests the need for an International Technology Roadmap for Home Automation (ITRHA) to formulate a need based vision of typically 10 to 15 years and stresses the need for HA to cater for the specific requirements of family home users. The concept of family life cycle is used to understand the temporal needs of family. In order to formally describe a coherent set of family processes, their relationships, and interaction with external elements, a reference model named family system is established that identifies external entities, 7 major processes, and 7 subsystems to manage smooth functioning of these processes by allocating resources and interfacing between processes and external entities. The family system reference model can be used to conduct detailed requirement analysis and thus identify potential HA products and services meeting realistic user needs.
SOA-Ready for Primetime : The Next-Generation , Grid-Enabled Service-Oriented Architecture

Whether you are learning about service-oriented architecture or already working with it, you will no doubt have had some anxiety about building a supporting IT infrastructure capable of meeting its runtime demands. Issues such as intermediate layers, large XML payloads, reliability, and scalability across heterogeneous systems have raised concerns among many practitioners. In this article, we’ll cover some of the key technologies that have emerged to address common SOA scalability requirements, such as mid-tier caching, load balancing, and high availability (HA) through service-level grid enablement in support of building out high performance SOA implementations. Collectively, these infrastructure components are referred to as the “SOA grid,” providing enterprise IT professionals with much-needed support for enabling enforceable service-level agreements (SLAs) across entire service portfolios, including Web services, messaging, custom enterprise system applications, and legacy mainframes. Introduction: SOA Performance Challenges Chances are the SOA-based projects you are working on involve building automated processes that combine multiple services into composite applications. These can then be exposed to an unpredictable amount of traffic that originates from external Web users (most likely your customers). As SOA projects become more successful, subsequent projects naturally begin to build upon one another, and new parts of the organization can start realizing the benefits of reuse by tapping into existing services and leveraging composite processes to achieve additional functionality. Even though this can result in an alarming increase in overall traffic both within and outside of the enterprise, the throughput requirements of your business processes cannot be compromised. Automated trading is but one example where even a few milliseconds can make a big difference in the aggregated throughput and performance of the entire system. This section describes different types of technologies that impact this latency as a prelude for the discussion on how an SOA grid can help solve these problems. Scalability, Throughput, and Points of Congestion As you begin to increase traffic in a service-oriented computing environment, the bottlenecks tend to occur in one of three places: • Shared intermediary services Such services perform common integration tasks such as data transformation, content based routing, and filtering. • The services themselves That is, application code exposed as a service and invoked by other services on the network, whether directly or through an orchestration engine. http://www.soamag. com/I10/0907-1.asp (1 of 10)03/09/2007 4:18:34 PM
COMPARISON OF THREE COLOUR SPACES IN SKIN DETECTION

Skin detection is used as the first step for subsequent feature extraction in image processing techniques. In this work, the performance of skin detection in three colour spaces; Normalised RGB, Modified Normalised RGB and YC C is investigated. The most famous and large database namely Compaq database is used to construct the histogram model and to test the skin detection algorithm. It was found that the chrominance component from the Modified Normalised RGB colour space gave the highest correct detection rate compared to the other two colour spaces.