Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Origin of dyke swarms by mixing of metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle‐derived and lower crustal magmas in the Guocheng fault belt, Jiaodong Peninsula, North China Craton

Cretaceous dyke swarms are widespread in the Guocheng fault belt, Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern North China Craton (NCC). Elemental analyses show that these dykes are classified as high‐K calc‐alkaline to shoshonitic series, and are characterized by high MgO (up to 10.33 wt%; Mg# < 69.8), Cr (<571 ppm) and Ni (<235 ppm) at low silica contents. They are enriched in LILEs (e.g. Sr, Ba, K and Pb) and LREEs, depleted in HFSEs (e.g. Nb–Ta, Zr–Hf, Ti and P), and possess relatively radiogenic Sr (initial 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7078 to 0.7116) and Nd [εNd(t) = −20.8 to −13.5] and much less radiogenic Pb (206Pb/204Pb = 17.13 to 17.56) isotope signatures. These data, combined with inversely zoned amphibole and pyroxene phenocrysts, suggest a hybrid origin for the Guocheng dykes. The inferred magma evolution is dominated by repeated injection of basic magma from metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) into a lower crustal reservoir of intermediate‐felsic composition. This refertilized lithospheric mantle source, probably together with its overlying enriched lower crust, was formed by subduction‐related fluid metasomatism in the Palaeoproterozoic, which resulted from final cratonization of the NCC at ca. 1.8 Ga during assembly of Columbia supercontinent. Our observations also imply that similar mixed magma system with oxidized and sulphur‐rich signatures may be the key to the formation of hydrothermal polymetal deposits and the potential target for mineral exploration in some undiscovered areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of dopexamine on acute necrotising pancreatitis in rats.

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of dopexamine on pancreatic tissue oxygen tension (PtO2) and the extent of acinar injury in rats with acute necrotising pancreatitis DESIGN Laboratory study. SETTING Medical school, Turkey. ANIMALS 68 Sprague Dawley rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cardiorespiratory measurements, pancreatic PtO2, effects on activity of serum amylase and concentration trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP). and histological picture. RESULTS The four study groups (sham + saline, sham + dopexamine, acute pancreatitis and acute pancreatitis + dopexamine) were each divided into two; in 9 rats in each, pancreatic biochemistry was studied, and in the remaining 8 in each group serum biochemistry and histology were studied. The groups were comparable with regard to mean arterial pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, packed cell volume, and serum amylase activity. The use of dopexamine increased pancreatic PtO2 in the sham + dopexamine group without the important blood pressure changes. The induction of pancreatitis resulted in a significant reduction in pancreatic PtO2 in the pancreatitis groups. The use of dopexamine did not increase pancreatic PtO2. There were no significant differences in plasma TAP concentration and the extent of acinar cell injury in the animals in the pancreatitis groups. CONCLUSION Treatment with dopexamine does not improve the pancreatic microcirculation or reduce the extent of acinar cell injury in acute necrotising pancreatitis and is therefore unlikely to be of benefit in patients with pancreatitis.
Optimum-capacity MIMO satellite link for fixed and mobile services

This paper examines the requirements for the construction of a capacity-optimized multiple input multiple output (MIMO) line of sight (LOS) satellite channel between 2 geostationary satellites and Mr antennas placed on earth in general. It is shown that a full multiplexing gain through a geometrical optimized arrangement of the antennas can be achieved both for stationary anchor stations and mobile receivers.
Approximating K-means-type Clustering via Semidefinite Programming

One of the fundamental clustering problems is to assign $n$ points into $k$ clusters based on minimal sum-of-squared distances (MSSC), which is known to be NP-hard. In this paper, by using matrix arguments, we first model MSSC as a so-called 0-1 semidefinite programming (SDP) problem. We show that our 0-1 SDP model provides a unified framework for several clustering approaches such as normalized k-cut and spectral clustering. Moreover, the 0-1 SDP model allows us to solve the underlying problem approximately via the linear programming and SDP relaxations. Second, we consider the issue of how to extract a feasible solution of the original 0-1 SDP model from the optimal solution of the relaxed SDP problem. By using principal component analysis, we develop a rounding procedure to construct a feasible partitioning from a solution of the relaxed problem. In our rounding procedure, we need to solve a K-means clustering problem in $\Re^{k-1}$, which can be done in $O(n^{k^2-2k+2})$ time. In case of biclustering, the running time of our rounding procedure can be reduced to $O(n\log n)$. We show that our algorithm provides a 2-approximate solution to the original problem. Promising numerical results for biclustering based on our new method are reported.
A Novel Method of Sentence Ordering Based on Support Vector Machine

In this paper, we present a practical method of sentence ordering in extractive multi-document summarization tasks of Chinese language. By using Support Vector Ma- chine (SVM), we classify the sentences of a summary into several groups in rough position according to the source documents. Then we adjust the sentence sequence of each group ac- cording to the estimation of directional relativity of adjacent sentences, and find the sequence of each group. Finally, we connect the sequences of different groups to generate the final order of the summary. Experimental results indicate that this method works better than most existing methods of sentence ordering.
Nervous control of the blood vessels.

Preparing the books to read every day is enjoyable for many people. However, there are still many people who also don't like reading. This is a problem. But, when you can support others to start reading, it will be better. One of the books that can be recommended for new readers is nervous control of blood vessels. This book is not kind of difficult book to read. It can be read and understand by the new readers.
Bimanual Interaction on the Microsoft Office Keyboard

The Office Keyboard (on store shelves in major markets since October, 2001) seeks to enhance efficiency through unique application of bimanual interaction principles. The left hand performs navigation tasks (including view scrolling, application switching, and internet forward & back) as well as editing commands (Cut, Copy, and Paste) that are typically part of a compound mouse-keyboard action. The Office Keyboard’s Cut, Copy, Paste, and Application toggle dedicated left-side keys are evaluated. Results in three different experimental task contexts show that the Office Keyboard is significantly faster than, or statistically equivalent to, the mouse or keyboard shortcuts (Ctrl-X, Ctrl-C, Ctrl-V and Alt+Tab) for all outcome measures that we collected. Most participants preferred the dedicated left-side keys to the other methods tested.
Regional sinks of bromoform in the Southern Ocean

Bromoform in surface water and air was measured in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean during the austral summer 2007/2008 onboard research vessel icebreaker Oden. Highest concentrations and oversaturation in water were found over the continental shelves and close to the sea‐ice edge in the Bellingshausen Sea. In open ocean areas, concentrations were comparably low, and the water was undersaturated. Air mixing ratios in these regions were influenced by surrounding areas as revealed by wind back trajectories. For wind that had travelled over coastal regions, thawing sea‐ice, or areas with elevated chlorophyll concentrations, increased bromoform levels in air were found in the downwind direction. The results show the importance of high spatial and temporal resolution in measurements for assessments of air‐sea exchange of short‐lived compounds with strong local sources. As surrounding waters can act as a sink, the atmospheric load of such sources may be overestimated.
Automatic FPGA system and interconnect construction with multicast and customizable topology

Modern FPGA system integration tools, such as Qsys and Vivado, seek to help designers easily instantiate and connect IP cores. These tools require the cores to ascribe to a specific interconnect abstraction, which is either a high-level memory-mapped or low-level point-to-point streaming protocol. We present a system-level construction tool that gives the designer more control over the nature of the interconnect - specifically permitting multicast communication and the ability to easily construct custom network topologies. Our tool requires less user input than Qsys and yields a 5% area savings and 35% reduction in simulated execution time for a large and complex linear algebra application. The primary goal of this work is to make the designer's job easier by automating the design of interconnect, including exploration of alternative structures and communication patterns.
Query understanding enhanced by hierarchical parsing structures

Query understanding has been well studied in the areas of information retrieval and spoken language understanding (SLU). There are generally three layers of query understanding: domain classification, user intent detection, and semantic tagging. Classifiers can be applied to domain and intent detection in real systems, and semantic tagging (or slot filling) is commonly defined as a sequence-labeling task - mapping a sequence of words to a sequence of labels. Various statistical features (e.g., n-grams) can be extracted from annotated queries for learning label prediction models; however, linguistic characteristics of queries, such as hierarchical structures and semantic relationships, are usually neglected in the feature extraction process. In this work, we propose an approach that leverages linguistic knowledge encoded in hierarchical parse trees for query understanding. Specifically, for natural language queries, we extract a set of syntactic structural features and semantic dependency features from query parse trees to enhance inference model learning. Experiments on real natural language queries show that augmenting sequence labeling models with linguistic knowledge can improve query understanding performance in various domains.
Next Generation TV through Automatic Multimedia Annotation Systems - A Hybrid Approach

After the advent of smartphones, it is time for television to see its next big evolution, to become smart TVs. But to provide a richer television user experience, multimedia content first has to be enriched. In recent years, the evolution of technology has facilitated the way to take and store multimedia assets, like photographs or videos. This causes an increased difficulty in multimedia resources retrieval, mainly because of the lack of methods that handle non-textual features, both in annotation systems and search engines. Moreover, multimedia sharing websites like Flickr or YouTube, in addition to information provided by Wikipedia, offer a tremendous source of knowledge interesting to be explored. In this position paper, we address the automatic multimedia annotation issue, by proposing a hybrid system approach. We want to use unsupervised methods to find relationships between multimedia elements, referred as hidden topics, and then take advantage of social knowledge to label these resulting relationships. Resulting enriched multimedia content will allow to bring new user experience possibilities to the next generation television, allowing for instance the creation of recommender systems that merge this information with user profiles and behavior analysis.
AIRS-based versus flask-based estimation of carbon surface fluxes

This paper demonstrates an inversion of surface CO2 fluxes using concentrations derived from assimilation of satellite radiances. Radiances come from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and are assimilated within the system of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. We evaluate the quality of the inverted fluxes by comparing simulated concentrations with independent airborne measurements. As a benchmark we use an inversion based on surface flask measurements and another using only the global concentration trend. We show that the AIRS-based inversion is able to improve the match to the independent data compared to the prior estimate but that it usually performs worse than either the flask-based or trend-based inversion.
Syringoma of the face treated with fractional photothermolysis

Abstract We experienced that two Japanese women diagnosed with syringoma, confirmed by a punch biopsy, were successfully treated with fractional resurfacing. Both clinical cases have had positive results after only a few treatments, with high patient satisfaction, not only for the improvement of syringoma, but also for the improvement of aging skin, and with no side effects. From that aspect, laser treatment with fractional photothermolysis may be considered to be one of the effective treatment methods for syringoma. Although fractional photothermolysis was originally developed for an aesthetic purpose, it also can be utilized for intractable skin disease, as demonstrated by taking the concept of fractional photothermolysis and the results from this study with skin biopsy.
Mathematical models and simulations of phase noise in phase-locked loops

Limkumnerd, S. and Eungdamrong, D. Mathematical models and simulations of phase noise in phase-locked loops Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. , 2007, 29(4) : 1017-1028 Phase noises in Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs) are a key parameter for communication systems that contribute the bit-rate-error of communication systems and cause synchronization problems. Accurate predictions of phase noises through mathematical models are consequently desirable for practical designs of PLLs. Despite many phase noise models derived from noise sources from electronic devices such as an oscillator and a multiplier have been proposed, no phase noise models that include noises from loop filters have specifically been investigated. This paper therefore investigates the roles of loop filters in phase noise contribution. The major scopes of this paper is a detailed analysis and simulations of phase noise models resulting from all components. i.e. a voltage-controlled oscillator, a multiplier and a filter. Two particular second-order passive and active low-pass filters are compared. The results show that simulations of phase noises without an inclusion of filter noises may not be accurate because the filter noises, particularly the active filter, significantly contribute the total phase noise. Moreover, the passive filter does not significantly dominate the phase noise at low offset frequency while the active filters entirely dominate. Therefore, the passive filter is a more efficient filter for PLL circuit at low offset frequency. The phase noise models presented in this paper are relatively simple and can be used for accurate phase noise prediction for PLL designs.
Nordic Seas nutrients data in CARINA

Abstract. Water column data of carbon and carbon relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 cruises in the Arctic, Atlantic, and Southern Ocean have been assembled and the collection merged into a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). The data have been subject to rigorous quality control (QC) in order to ensure highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the parameters included were examined in order to quantify systematic biases in the reported values, i.e. secondary quality control. Significant biases have been corrected for in the data products, i.e. the three merged files with measured, calculated and interpolated values for each of the three CARINA regions; the Arctic Mediterranean Seas (AMS), the Atlantic (ATL) and the Southern Ocean (SO). With the adjustments, the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP (Key et al., 2004) and is suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates, and for model validation. The Arctic Mediterranean Seas is the collective term for the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas, and the quality control was carried out separately in these two areas. This contribution presents an account of the quality control of the nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) data from the Nordic Seas in CARINA. Out of the 35 cruises from the Nordic Seas included in CARINA, 33 had nutrients data. The nitrate data from 4 of these appeared to be of so poor quality that they should not be used, for phosphate this number is 7 and for silicate it is 3. We also recommend that the nitrate data from 4 of the cruises should be adjusted, for phosphate and silicate only data from one cruise should be adjusted. The final data appears consistent to 5% based on evaluation of deep data. For nitrate this corresponds to 0.6 μmol kg−1, and for phosphate and silicate it corresponds to 0.04 and 0.6 μmol kg−1, respectively.
Locally-weighted regression for estimating the forward kinematics of a geometric vocal tract model

Task-space control is well studied in modeling speech production [1, 2, 3, 4]. Implementing control of this kind requires an accurate kinematic forward model. Despite debate about how to define the tasks for speech (i.e., acoustical vs. articulatory), a faithful forward model will be complex and infeasible to express analytically. Thus, it is necessary to learn the forward model from data. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have previously been suggested for this [3, 4, 6]. We argue for the use of locally-linear methods, such as Locally-Weighted Regression (LWR). While ANNs are capable of learning complex forward maps, LWR is more appropriate. Common formulations of control assume locally-linearity, whereas ANNs fit a nonlinear model to the entire map. Likewise, training LWR is simple compared to the complex optimization for ANNs. We provide an empirical comparison of these methods for learning a vocal tract forward model, discussing theoretical and practical aspects of each.
The geomorphologic and pedo-morphologic maps of Skhirat (Feriana, Tunisia) at the 1:50,000 scale

Land planning and land restoration in drylands affected by desertification require a good understanding of the active geomorphic processes, their intensities and spatial patterns. Traditional Soil and Land Suitability maps do not incorporate this information and may be partially inadequate in that regard, because they necessarily give a ‘static’ representation of the land. The geomorphology of the study area (Feriana district, Central Western Tunisia) is complex, including relict landforms, such as Quaternary pediments, fossil sand dunes, and the evidence of ancient endorheic systems. On the other hand the area is characterized by active and intense geomorphic processes: water and wind erosion, aeolian deposition, and localized present-day endorheism accompanied by water logging and salt accumulation processes. The soils reflect the imprints of multiple past and present pedogenic and geomorphic processes. In this study a Geomorphologic and a Pedo-morphologic Map were produced to provide the local decision makers with cartographic tools to best plan land use options and land restoration. The Maps were drawn at the 1:50,000 scale based on detailed photo-interpretation and on dedicated field surveys.
On Server Dimensioning for Hybrid P2P Content Distribution Networks

One of the key questions in dimensioning a hybrid P2P content distribution system is that of the required infrastructure support in terms of server bandwidth. In this paper, we develop and propose simple mathematical models for analyzing and dimensioning hybrid peer-to-peer content distribution networks. We first use a deterministic fluid model to capture the essential peer and server dynamics within a single swarm, and subsequently derive a stochastic fluid model to capture the dynamics in the case of multiple swarms, i.e., concurrent swarms of a number of content objects. Based on the models, we derive solutions for estimating the server capacity required to support a single swarm as well as a number of concurrent file swarms at a given level of service quality. Numerical results demonstrate how a hybrid P2P approach can yield substantial performance gains and capacity savings compared to a pure client/server system, with churn rate and upload bandwidth being critical factors. Compared to a pure peer-to-peer scenario, the hybrid approach can dramatically boost the performance and improve reliability.
Further twists in gastropod shell evolution

The manner in which a gastropod shell coils has long intrigued laypersons and scientists alike. In evolutionary biology, gastropod shells are among the best-studied palaeontological and neontological objects. A gastropod shell generally exhibits logarithmic spiral growth, right-handedness and coils tightly around a single axis. Atypical shell-coiling patterns (e.g. sinistroid growth, uncoiled whorls and multiple coiling axes), however, continue to be uncovered in nature. Here, we report another coiling strategy that is not only puzzling from an evolutionary perspective, but also hitherto unknown among shelled gastropods. The terrestrial gastropod Opisthostoma vermiculum sp. nov. generates a shell with: (i) four discernable coiling axes, (ii) body whorls that thrice detach and twice reattach to preceding whorls without any reference support, and (iii) detached whorls that coil around three secondary axes in addition to their primary teleoconch axis. As the coiling strategies of individuals were found to be generally consistent throughout, this species appears to possess an unorthodox but rigorously defined set of developmental instructions. Although the evolutionary origins of O. vermiculum and its shell's functional significance can be elucidated only once fossil intermediates and live individuals are found, its bewildering morphology suggests that we still lack an understanding of relationships between form and function in certain taxonomic groups.
Clinical Chemistry

based on both c l in i c i ans ' opinions and in t ra ind iv idua l variation da ta . The performance of b o t h a standard QC ru le (mean t 3 s d , 1/3s r u l e ) and an improved QC system (mean and range r u l e s , 4 cont ro ls per run) i n the detection of m e d i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t errors when u s i n g a SMAC m u l t i c h a n n e l a n a l y s e r was i n v e s t i g a t e d . P r o b a b i l l t y o f c r i t i c a l s i ze e r r o r detection was ca lcu la ted u s i n g power runction curves. I t was f o u n d tha t when e r r o r l imi t s based on c l in ic ia i i s ' o p i n i o n s were used, error d e t e c t i o n was sa t i s f ac to ry when the mean and range QC system was applied b u t unsatisfactory fo r some analytes when t h e 1/3s r u l e was used. Error detection was unsa t i s fac tory when e r ro r limits based on in t ra ind iv idua l biological var ia t ion were used and t h i s could not be improved by u s i n g be t t e r QC sys t ems . ana ly t ica l precision. Theuse of error l i m i t s based on biological var ia t ion as proposed by major c l i n i c a l chemistry professional bodies canno t be achieved u s i n g most c u r r e n t t y p e s of ana ly t ica l technology. Q u a l i t y control ( Q C ) programs a r e des igned to monitor