Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Membrane Anchorage Domains of the HIV‐1 gp160 Envelope Glycoprotein Precursor

SummaryThe gp41 transmembrane protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) contains a hydrophobic membrane-spanning domain that serves to anchor the gp120-gp41 complex on the surface of infected cells and virions. To study the requirements for membrane anchorage, conservative amino acid substitutions in three residues at a time were made within this hydrophobic gp41 region. The complete gp160 precursor as well as the gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein were exported into the supernatant of expressing cells for two mutants with amino acid substitutions in residues 687–689 and 697–699. The soluble gp160 molecules exhibited a binding ability for CD4 on the surface of SupT1 cells that was 33–36% that of the soluble gp120 glycoproteins. These results implicate residues 687–689 and 697–699 as important components of the stop-transfer signal that anchors the gp160 envelope glycoprotein precursor in the membrane. The data also suggest that characteristics in addition to hydrophobicity are required for stop-transfer signals.
3-(4-Methylphenyl)-4-[(thiosemicarbazono)methyl]-1,2,3-oxadiazol-3-ium-5-olate 1,4-dioxane hemisolvate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C11H11N5O2S·0.5C4H8O2, contains one 3-(p-tolyl)sydnone 4-thiosemicarbazone molecule and a half molecule of 1,4-dioxane, which lies abount an inversion centre. The sydnone ring is almost planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.002 (1) Å, and forms a dihedral angle of 46.31 (5)° with the benzene ring. In the crystal, the two components are linked into a tape along [01-1] by N—H⋯O and N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure is further stabilized by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions, forming a three-dimensional network.
Toward a Collective Framework on Verbal Aggression

In the epilogue to this special issue, a hierarchical antagonistic process model is offered as a collective framework to explain the antecedents and consequences of verbal aggression described in the five preceding articles. The model proposes that the general traits of motivation to argue and verbal aggressiveness are second-order factors exerting top-down influence on more statelike subsidiary motives and attitudes. A test of the model (N = 743) found support for the proposed four-step process: Argumentation training increased motivation to argue, motivation to argue increased ability to argue, ability to argue increased self-esteem, and self-esteem decreased verbal aggressiveness. However, the indirect negative effect of motivation to argue on verbal aggressiveness was offset by a much larger direct positive effect. Belief systems theory was used to identify potential mediators of this positive effect and to explain other aspects of the verbal aggression process.
Optimizing the Power of Genome-Wide Association Studies by Using Publicly Available Reference Samples to Expand the Control Group

Genome‐wide association (GWA) studies have proved extremely successful in identifying novel genetic loci contributing effects to complex human diseases. In doing so, they have highlighted the fact that many potential loci of modest effect remain undetected, partly due to the need for samples consisting of many thousands of individuals. Large‐scale international initiatives, such as the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, the Genetic Association Information Network, and the database of genetic and phenotypic information, aim to facilitate discovery of modest‐effect genes by making genome‐wide data publicly available, allowing information to be combined for the purpose of pooled analysis. In principle, disease or control samples from these studies could be used to increase the power of any GWA study via judicious use as “genetically matched controls” for other traits. Here, we present the biological motivation for the problem and the theoretical potential for expanding the control group with publicly available disease or reference samples. We demonstrate that a naïve application of this strategy can greatly inflate the false‐positive error rate in the presence of population structure. As a remedy, we make use of genome‐wide data and model selection techniques to identify “axes” of genetic variation which are associated with disease. These axes are then included as covariates in association analysis to correct for population structure, which can result in increases in power over standard analysis of genetic information from the samples in the original GWA study. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 319–326, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Steady‐state free precession magnetic resonance imaging of the heart: Comparison with segmented k‐space gradient‐echo imaging

Steady‐state free precession imaging is a promising technique for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as it provides improved blood/myocardial contrast in shorter acquisition times compared with conventional gradient‐echo acquisition. The better contrast could improve observer agreement and automatic detection of cardiac contours for volumetric assessment of the ventricles, but measurements might differ from those obtained using conventional methods. We compared volumetric measurements, observer variabilities, and automatic contour detection between a steady‐state free precession imaging sequence (BFFE = balanced fast field echo) and segmented k‐space gradient‐echo acquisition (TFE = turbo field echo) in 41 subjects. With BFFE, significantly higher end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes and lower wall thickness, ventricular mass, ejection fraction, and wall motion were observed (P < 0.0001), while interobserver variabilities were lower and automatic contour detection of endocardial contours was more successful. We conclude that the improved image quality of BFFE reduces the observer‐dependence of volumetric measurements of the left ventricle (LV) but results in significantly different values in comparison to TFE measurements. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:230–236. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calorie restriction as an intervention in ageing

Ageing causes loss of function in tissues and organs, is accompanied by a chronic inflammatory process and affects life‐ and healthspan. Calorie restriction (CR) is a non‐genetic intervention that prevents age‐associated diseases and extends longevity in most of the animal models studied so far. CR produces a pleiotropic effect and improves multiple metabolic pathways, generating benefits to the whole organism. Among the effects of CR, modulation of mitochondrial activity and a decrease in oxidative damage are two of the hallmarks. Oxidative damage is reduced by the induction of endogenous antioxidant systems and modulation of the peroxidability index in cell membranes. Mitochondrial activity changes are regulated by inhibition of IGF‐1 and Target of Rapamycin (TOR)‐dependent activities and activation of AMP‐dependent kinase (AMPK) and the sirtuin family of proteins. The activity of PGC‐1α and FoxO is regulated by these systems and is involved in mitochondria biogenesis, oxidative metabolism activity and mitochondrial turnover. The use of mimetics and the regulation of common factors have demonstrated that these molecular pathways are essential to explain the effect of CR in the organism. Finally, the anti‐inflammatory effect of CR is an interesting emerging factor to be taken into consideration. In the present revision we focus on the general effect of CR and other mimetics in longevity, focusing especially on the cardiovascular system and skeletal muscle.
A CBT-based therapeutic alternative to working with complex client problems

This paper offers a therapeutic alternative to working with complex client problems, based on a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) approach, which is informed by a combination of schema-focussed cognitive behavioural therapy (McGinn and Young 1996; Young 1994; Padesky 1994; Pretzer and Fleming 1989), specialized cognitive behaviourally-focussed trauma therapy (Herbert 1996, 2001, 2002a, 2002b; Herbert and Wetmore 1999, 2001), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing techniques (EMDR – Shapiro 1995) and mindfulness techniques (Bennett-Goleman 2001; Teasdale et al. 1995; Kabat-Zinn 1994; Linehan 1993). This paper attempts to illustrate how such an approach might be applied to working with complex client problems, such as Tracey's, by addressing some of the therapeutic issues that have been highlighted in the original case study of Tracey by her therapist and introducing an alternative understanding of these.
Linear Stabilization of a DC Bus Supplying a Constant Power Load: A General Design Approach

In this paper, an oscillation compensation technique is proposed to improve the stability margin of an electrical system constituted by a dc power supply, an LC filter, and a constant power load. This is realized here by an actuator (inverter-permanent-magnet synchronous motor). To design the compensator, input impedance of the constant power load and output impedance of the filter are required and derived in this paper. To develop the load input impedance expression, small signal approximation is employed and all dynamics are taken into account except by the inverter ones only, which can often be neglected in practical applications. Then, the control structure of the whole system is slightly modified to implement the oscillation compensation block that increases the stability margin, and thus, permits to reduce the dc-link capacitance value. In this paper, the proposed method is applied to an actuator designed for aerospace applications. The influence of the actuator control parameters and the input filter parameters on the stability of the dc-link voltage is discussed. Simulations and experimentations confirm the validity of the proposed approach.
Enhanced surface reconstruction from wide baseline images

This work deals with the problem of dense matching from stereo images under wide baseline conditions. By considering the characteristic properties of widely separated views, we propose an extension to a recently published algorithm for detailed reconstruction of continuous surfaces. The algorithm compensates for the occurrent affine distortion between the views to allow low level intensity based comparison necessary for dense matching. The matching itself is performed by an enhanced region rowing based affine propagation method that takes surface distortion into account to handle complex piecewise-smooth surfaces. It is experimentally shown that this new method can achieve smooth and accurate reconstruction from wide baseline images of both indoor and outdoor scenes. To quantify the reconstruction results we have created realistic synthetic datasets with ground truth. These datasets form the core of a future testbed for comparison of different wide baseline surface reconstruction techniques. In the current study, results on the synthetic images are compared to the ground truth to measure the accuracy of our method.
Entwicklung eines Fragebogens zur Erhebung von negativem Spillover zwischen Arbeit und Privatleben (B-AOF)

Zusammenfassung. Seit einigen Jahren wird vermehrt uber gesundheitliche Beeintrachtigungen aufgrund einer fehlenden Balance zwischen dem Arbeits- und dem Privatleben berichtet. Fur die Erfassung der Beziehungen zwischen dem Arbeits- und Privatleben fehlte im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher ein geeignetes Verfahren. Daher wurde ein Fragebogen zur Erhebung negativen Spillovers, also der Ubertragung negativer Effekte von der Arbeit auf das Privatleben und umgekehrt entwickelt und validiert. In vier Studien mit insgesamt 880 Teilnehmern wurden die Konstrukt- und Kriterienvalidita sowie die Reliabilitat des Verfahrens gepruft. Dabei erwies sich die Skala "Negatives Spillover von der Arbeit auf das Privatleben" mit ihren Unterskalen zeitbasiertes und beanspruchungsbasiertes Spillover als hinreichend konstrukt- und kriterienvalide sowie reliabel und okonomisch. Fur die Skala, die die entgegengesetzte Wirkrichtung (vom Privatleben zur Arbeit) erfasst, wurde weiterer Entwicklungsbedarf aufgezeigt. Schlusselworter: Work-Life Balance, Fragebogen, Arbeitsbedingungen, Gesundheit Development of a questionnaire to measure negative spillover between work and private life (B-AOF) Abstract. In the last few years, a growing number of studies have reported strong interplay between work-life-imbalance and health complaints. No adequate German instrument to measure relations between work and private life was available. This paper introduces the newly developed German questionnaire B-AOF that measures negative spillover between work and private life in both directions. Based on four studies (total N = 880), our work confirms the validity, reliability and practicability of the dimension "negative spillover from work into private life", and its facets time-based and strain-based spillover. For the other dimension "negative spillover from private life into work", further development is suggested.
Secrecy, Information, and Politics: An Essay on Organizational Decision Making

The literature on organizational politics has described organizational decision making as a fluid, informal process characterized by conflict and compromise. One of the most important reasons decision making tends to become politicized is because decision situations are uncertain and open to multiple interpretations. The political process develops as coalitions attempt to define the decision context to gain control over the decision-making process. But the concept of information typically used to investigate organizational politics is defined in terms of the ability to predict future states of the world. This definition completely overlooks the socially constructed nature of information and the fundamentally socially constructed nature of the decision-making process. The result has been an ignoring or underestimating of the role the distortion and manipulation of information plays in communicating and decision-making processes. In this essay, information is understood as a socially constructed phenomenon and a concept of secrecy is developed to investigate its effect on decision making. This framework is applied to a battle between staff and line groups for control over the Phone Stores in a Bell Telephone operating company. The concept of secrecy is developed empirically and elaborated theoretically.
Transfer of Managers as a Coordination and Control Strategy in Multinational Organizations.

Ju ne 1 977, volume 22 The purpose of this paper is to present an argument and some hypotheses to stimulate further research. It is hypothesized that the transfer of managers is used by some multinational organizations to develop a process of control based on socialization. Transfer of managers for socialization is distinguished from transfer of personnel to fill positions in developing countries and for management development. Transfer for socialization is hypothesized to socialize managers and create international, verbal information networks, which combined, permit greater decentralization than the impersonal bureaucratic strategy. Finally, it is suggested that the control processes are not alternatives but cumulative stages of development; one control strategy is added to, not substituted for, previous ones.
Interactive SPH simulation and rendering on the GPU

In this paper we introduce a novel parallel and interactive SPH simulation and rendering method on the GPU using CUDA which allows for high quality visualization. The crucial particle neighborhood search is based on Z-indexing and parallel sorting which eliminates GPU memory overhead due to grid or hierarchical data structures. Furthermore, it overcomes limitations imposed by shading languages allowing it to be very flexible and approaching the practical limits of modern graphics hardware. For visualizing the SPH simulation we introduce a new rendering pipeline. In the first step, all surface particles are efficiently extracted from the SPH particle cloud exploiting the simulation data. Subsequently, a partial and therefore fast distance field volume is rasterized from the surface particles. In the last step, the distance field volume is directly rendered using state-of-the-art GPU raycasting. This rendering pipeline allows for high quality visualization at very high frame rates.
Adaptive Cost-Based Policy Mapping for Imitation Srichandan

ADAPTIVE COST-BASED POLICY MAPPING FOR IMITATION Publication No. ______ SRICHANDAN VENKAT GUDLA, M.S. The University of Texas at Arlington, 2003 Supervising Professor: Manfred Huber Imitation represents a powerful approach for programming and autonomous learning in robot and computer systems. An important aspect of imitation is the mapping of observations to an executable control strategy. This is particularly important if the behavioral capabilities of the observed and imitating agent differ significantly. In this thesis this problem has been addressed by locally optimizing a cost function representing the deviation from the observed state sequence and the cost of the actions required to perform the imitation. The result are imitation strategies that can be performed by the imitating agent and that as closely as possible resemble the v observations of the demonstrating agent. A reinforcement learning component is introduced to learn an optimal weight vector in the cost function over several trials and then improve the quality of imitation. The performance of this approach is illustrated within the context of a simulated multi-agent environment.
Against Scientism in Psychological Counselling and Therapy: A Response

I welcomed the challenge that Martin's (1995, this issue) paper provided to my own presuppositions and view of research. However, the conclusions that we have each reached after considering the current state of affairs are quite different; I was not convinced by Martin's arguments that we have fallen prey to "scientism," or an overvaluing of science and the scientific methods. It is my belief that, far from overvaluing traditional scientific methods, we treat them with careless disregard and would benefit from their conscientious application. But, before noting my disagreement, I would like to discuss the final section of Martin's paper, which deals with the idea of psychological counselling and therapy (hereafter psychotherapy) as an area for moral reflection.
Borrowing From Professional Theatre Training to Build Essential Skills in Organization Development Consultants

This article explores the relationship between the interpersonal skills required by professional actors and those required by organization development (OD) practitioners. The objective is not to turn OD practitioners into actors but rather to indicate what might be a useful source of skill development for OD professionals. Although the end uses for the skill sets diverge, the skills themselves seem similar if not the same, especially the foundational skills of self-awareness, listening, and observing. Traditional methods of learning interpersonal skills may only address traditional OD problems that require diagnostic, positivistic control of behavior change. However, acting training such as improvisational techniques may develop more advanced skills such as reciprocity and collaborating, which are needed to practice dialogic forms of OD grounded in postmodern premises of shared meaning making, multiple realities, and collaborative solutions as proposed by Bushe and Marshak.
A Novel Approach for Tongue Image Extraction Based on Combination of Color and Space Information

Tongue inspection is one of the most important methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine diagnoses. Traditional tongue inspection mainly depends on observations to tongue substance, tongue coating and tongue pattern and diagnostic experience of the doctors. Diagnostic results are restricted by doctor's knowledge level, their experience as well as other subjective factors and affected by the light and temperature of external environment. In order to solve this problem, we should combine Traditional Chinese Medicine experts' diagnostic experience with modern information technologies, check and analyze tongues quantitively and objectively, and make scientific diagnoses. However, to realize quantitive and objective tongue checks and analyses, extracting tongue from the mouth and face is the first important step. A novel approach for tongue image extraction is proposed to solve this problem in this article. It utilizes greedy rules to combine color information and space information to search object tongue area in the 2-dimensional sample space, and the start position of the search, intensity threshold and hue threshold are selected fully automatically. Comparison experiment results indicate that this method can extract tongue from the raw image effectively and we have made a breakthrough in extracting the tongues with thick coating. Moreover, the tongue images extracted by this method can be used as valid bases for the later quantitive analyses.
Stimulation of adipose differentiation related protein (ADRP) expression in adipocyte precursors by long‐chain fatty acids

Adipose differentiation related protein (ADRP) is a 50‐kDa protein expressed in adipocytes and transcriptionally activated when adipocyte precursors differentiate into mature adipocytes. Recent experiments have demonstrated that ADRP is a fatty acid binding protein that specifically facilitates the uptake of long‐chain fatty acids. The present investigation provides evidence that ADRP mRNA and protein expression in preadipocytes is stimulated by fatty acids in a time‐ and dose‐dependent fashion. ADRP mRNA expression was maximally stimulated at fatty acid concentrations of or above 10–5 M. Stimulation of ADRP expression was observed with the nonmetabolizable fatty acid 2‐bromopalmitate and with natural fatty acids. Stimulation of ADRP mRNA expression by fatty acids peaked between 5 and 8 hr and decreased by 24 hr. Stimulation of ADRP expression by fatty acids was completely inhibited by treatment with actinomycin D, suggesting that fatty acid stimulates ADRP gene expression at the transcriptional level. Comparison of the effect of several fatty acids with varying carbon chain lengths indicated that long‐chain fatty acids were active in stimulating ADRP, whereas short‐chain fatty acids such as caproate and 2‐bromooctanoate had no effect. The degree of saturation of fatty acids did not influence their ability to stimulate ADRP expression. These studies provide new information on the regulation of ADRP and identify a new target regulated by fatty acids during adipose differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 182:297–302, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of strain rate on the mechanical behaviour in tension of bovine cortical bone

The mechanical behaviour of bones when subjected to tension loading in a wide range of strain-rates is fundamental to develop protection systems. The paper presents the preliminary tests on the tensile behaviour of bovine cortical bone at medium and high strain rates. Two special apparatus, both installed at the DynaMat Laboratory of the University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, a Hydro-Pneumatic Machine and a Modified Hopkinson Bar respectively for medium and high strain-rate tests have been used. Flat shape specimens (having 10 mm of gauge length, 5 mm width and 3 mm thickness) have been obtained from 15 bovine femurs with the same age. The paper describes the preparation techniques of the samples and the experimental results obtained. The bovine cortical bone shown a quite important strain rate dependency.
Collection of published 5S and 5.8S ribosomal RNA sequences

On the following pages the published sequences for the prokaryotic 5S RNAs (1-18), eukaryotic 5S (19-38) and 5.8S RNAs (39-43) including their precursors are listed in alphabetical order. The strains of the organisms used were not always sufficiently defined by the authors. It is therefore recommended that more care is taken in this respect in future, since there sometimes appear to be sequence differences between different strains of the same organism.