Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Capital Structure Arbitrage: A Price Discovery Perspective

The capital structure arbitrage strategy exploits the discrepancies between the credit default swap and equity markets. It assumes that both markets instantaneously react to new information, so it fails to take into account the lead–lag relationships between the prices in the two markets and their form of cointegration. The authors introduce three new alternative strategies that exploit the information provided by the time-varying price discovery of the equity and credit markets and the cointegration of the two markets. The authors implement the strategies for US and European obligors and find that these outperform traditional arbitrage trading during the financial crisis. Furthermore, the returns of the new strategies have a lower correlation with market returns than the standard capital structure arbitrage. TOPICS: Derivatives, financial crises and financial market history Key Findings • We introduce three new capital structure arbitrage strategies. • The new trading strategies incorporate price discovery signals of both equity and credit markets. • The trading strategies we introduce outperform the standard capital structure arbitrage during the financial crisis of 2007–2008.
TWO STRATEGIC SUCCESS FACTORS FOR FIRM LEVEL COMPETITIVENESS: INNOVATION AND COOPERATION

In this study, it is aimed to determine the competitiveness levels of the manufacturing firms operating in TRB1 region (Malatya, Elazig, Bingol,Tunceli) and investigate whether they innovate and cooperate with universities, private firms and non-profit organizations in order to enhance their competitiveness. A field survey using questionnaire method was conducted on small, medium and large sized manufacturing firms operating in the region excluding the micro firms out of the scope. According to survey results, more than half of the firms have an average level of competitiveness. While majority of them make innovation, nearly half of them prefer to cooperate with non-profit organizations. Finally, there exists a significant difference in competitiveness of the firms in terms of innovation and cooperation. In other words, firms that innovate and participate in cooperative facilities have a higher degree of competitiveness
Studies on Violence Against Women Publications Policy Studies on Violence Against Women 5-2010 Relationship and Injury Trends in the Homicide of Women Across the Lifespan : A Research Note

In 2006, more than 3,600 women in the United States lost their lives to homicide. Descriptive data regarding homicides of women are beginning to reveal important complexities regarding victim–offender relationships, severity of injury, and age of female homicide victim. More specifically, there is some indication that the correlation between victim–offender relationship and injury severity may be conditional, depending on victim age. This retrospective review accessed medical examiner records of female homicide victims from 2002 through 2004, and its findings offer additional illumination on the trends in associations of injury and relationship variables in the homicide of women over their life span. The study also examined the utility of the recently proposed Homicide Injury Scale (HIS) created by Safarik and Jarvis as a potential tool to explore these complicated associations by quantifying injury severity and examining its interrelationships with victim–offender relationship and age in cases of female homicide in Kentucky.
In-Plane Nano-G Accelerometer Based on an Optical Resonant Detection System

We have successfully demonstrated a series of results that push the limits of optical sensing, acceleration sensing and lithography. We previously built some of the most sensitive displacement sensors with displacement sensitivities as low as 12 fin/radicHz at 1 kHz. Using reference detection circuitry in conjunction with correlated double sampling methods, we have lowered the 1/f noise floor to 10 milli-Hz, hence improving the detection limit at low frequencies (10 milli-Hz) from 37 pm/radicHz to 50 fm/radicHz i.e. by 57.3 dB. We have developed the capability to convert these highly sensitive displacement sensors to highly sensitive acceleration sensors through innovative low-stress mass addition and direct mass integration processes. We have built accelerometers with resonant frequencies as low as 43 Hz and thermal noise floors as low as 10 nG/radicHz. We have pushed the limits of shaker table experiments to verify direct acceleration measurements as low as 10 muG/radicHz.
Calmodulin regulation of the calcium-leak channel Sec61 is unique to vertebrates

In eukaryotes, protein transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is facilitated by a protein-conducting channel, the Sec61 complex. The presence of large, water-filled pores with uncontrolled ion permeability, such as those formed by Sec61 complexes in the ER membrane, would interfere with the regulated release of calcium from the ER lumen into the cytosol, an essential mechanism of intracellular signaling. We identified a calmodulin (CaM) binding motif in the cytosolic N-terminus of Sec61α from Canis familiaris that binds CaM, but not Ca2+-free apo-CaM, with nanomolar affinity and sequence specificity. In single channel lipid bilayer measurements, CaM potently mediated Sec61-channel closure in a Ca2+-dependent manner. No functional CaM binding motif was identified in the corresponding region of Sec61p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and no channel closure occurred in the presence of CaM and Ca2+. Therefore, CaM binding to the cytosolic N-terminus of Sec61α is involved in limiting Ca2+-leakage from the ER in C. familiaris but not S. cerevisiae.
Bounding the Treatment Eects of Education Programs That Have Lotteried Admission and Selective Attrition

The purpose of this paper is to estimate sharp bounds on treatment effects of education programs that ration excess demand by admission lotteries when selective attrition cannot be ignored. Differential attrition arises in these models because students that lose the lottery are more likely to pursue educational options outside the school district. When students leave the district, important outcome variables are often not observed. Selective attrition implies that treatment effects are not point identified. We provide a new estimator that exploits known quantiles of the outcome distribution to construct informative bounds on treatment effects. We apply our methods to study the effectiveness of magnet programs in a mid-sized urban school district. Our findings show that magnet programs help the district to attract and retain students. The bound estimates demonstrate that magnet programs offered by the district improve behavioral outcomes such as offenses, timeliness, and attendance.
A hierarchical regression analysis to understand the antecedents of entrepreneurial success

Impression management theory has received increasing levels of attention by organisational scholars in the last 25 years. However, most researches in the area have studied it as a part of social competence, with a special interest in social perception. This study adds to the literature as an exploratory attempt to study impression management as a precursor of entrepreneurial success. Three hundred eleven entrepreneurs were selected as part of the study, and it was found that impression management techniques are indeed contributing to entrepreneurial success, along with other variables like personality, social competence and entrepreneurial orientation. The study concludes that entrepreneurs are not only fighters trying to self-promote with superiors, but they are also fliers who supplicate even with the subordinates to get things done.
Breakthrough Technologies Correlative Imaging of Fluorescent Proteins in Resin-Embedded Plant Material 1

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) were developed for live-cell imaging and have revolutionized cell biology. However, not all plant tissues are accessible to live imaging using confocal microscopy, necessitating alternative approaches for protein localization. An example is the phloem, a tissue embedded deep within plant organs and sensitive to damage. To facilitate accurate localization of FPs within recalcitrant tissues, we developed a simple method for retaining FPs after resin embedding. This method is based on low-temperature fixation and dehydration, followed by embedding in London Resin White, and avoids the need for cryosections. We show that a palette of FPs can be localized in plant tissues while retaining good structural cell preservation, and that the polymerized block face can be counterstained with cell wall probes. Using this method we have been able to image green fluorescent protein-labeled plasmodesmata to a depth of more than 40 mm beneath the resin surface. Using correlative light and electron microscopy of the phloem, we were able to locate the same FP-labeled sieve elements in semithin and ultrathin sections. Sections were amenable to antibody labeling, and allowed a combination of confocal and superresolution imaging (three-dimensional-structured illumination microscopy) on the same cells. These correlative imaging methods should find several uses in plant cell biology.
Coxsackievirus A9 Infects Cells via Nonacidic Multivesicular Bodies

ABSTRACT Coxsackievirus A9 (CVA9) is a member of the human enterovirus B species in the Enterovirus genus of the family Picornaviridae. According to earlier studies, CVA9 binds to αVβ3 and αVβ6 integrins on the cell surface and utilizes β2-microglobulin, dynamin, and Arf6 for internalization. However, the structures utilized by the virus for internalization and uncoating are less well understood. We show here, based on electron microscopy, that CVA9 is found in multivesicular structures 2 h postinfection (p.i.). A neutral red labeling assay revealed that uncoating occurs mainly around 2 h p.i. , while double-stranded RNA is found in the cytoplasm after 3 h p.i. The biogenesis of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) is crucial for promoting infection, as judged by the strong inhibitory effect of the wild-type form of Hrs and dominant negative form of VPS4 in CVA9 infection. CVA9 infection is dependent on phospholipase C at the start of infection, whereas Rac1 is especially important between 1 and 3 h p.i. , when the virus is in endosomes. Several lines of evidence implicate that low pH does not play a role in CVA9 infection. The infection is not affected by Bafilomycin A1. In addition, CVA9 is not targeted to acidic late endosomes or lysosomes, and the MVBs accumulating CVA9 have a neutral pH. Thus, CVA9 is the second enterovirus demonstrated so far, after echovirus 1, that can trigger neutral MVBs, which are important for virus infection. IMPORTANCE We demonstrate here that the enterovirus coxsackievirus A9 (CVA9) uses a nonclathrin and nonacidic pathway to infect cells. CVA9 does not accumulate in conventional late endosomes or lysosomes. We found that inhibitors of phospholipase C (PLC), Rac1, and the Na+/H+ exchanger decreased CVA9 infection. The PLC inhibitor acts on early entry, the Rac1 inhibitor acts between 1 and 3 h, when the virus is in endosomes, and the Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor acts during various steps during the virus life cycle. The infection depends on the formation of novel neutral multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which accumulate CVA9 during the first hours of entry. Thus, CVA9 is the second enterovirus demonstrated so far, after echovirus 1, that can trigger formation of neutral MVBs. The data show that these enteroviruses favor nonacidic conditions and complex MVBs to promote virus infection.
The Location of Industrial Innovation: Does Manufacturing Matter?

What explains the location of industrial innovation? Economists have traditionally attempted to answer this question by studying firm-external knowledge spillovers. This paper shows that firm-internal linkages between production and R&D play an equally important role. I estimate an R&D location choice model that predicts patents by a firm in a location from R&D productivity and costs. Focusing on large R&D-performing firms in the chemical industry, an average-sized plant raises the firm’s R&D productivity in the metropolitan area by about 2.5 times. The elasticity of R&D productivity with respect to the firm’s production workers is almost as large as the elasticity with respect to total patents in the MSA, while proximity to academic R&D has no significant effect on R&D productivity in this sample. Other manufacturing industries exhibit similar results. My results cast doubt on the frequently-held view that a country can divest itself of manufacturing and specialize in innovation alone.
Changes in Consumer Food Expenditure Patterns

I N RECENT YEARS, considerable changes have been taking place in the nature and amount of food expenditures by the American consumer. These changes have affected every form of retail food operation-supermarkets, convenience stores, fast food operations, and restaurants. Although recognized and even shaped by some in the business community, these changes have been inadequately measured or articulated. The purpose of this article is to enumerate how overall food expenditures have changed and to identify the present relationships between such expenditures and selected socio-economic variables. From these analyses, the possible retail implications are detailed and discussed. The recent publication by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the results of a national consumer expenditures survey of 23,000 households, conducted between 1972 and 1974, now provides detailed information on average weekly food expenditures and how they have changed since the previous study in 19601961. The survey was conducted by the Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). A diary survey collected information on expenditures on foods and certain routinely purchased non-foods, such as housekeeping supplies and personal care products. Information on other less frequently purchased goods, such as household durables, was obtained through quarterly recall surveys during 1972-1974. To date, the results from the BLS diary survey have been published in a series of reports which we have combined, analyzed, and interpreted. " It should be noted that the data analyses reported in this article are based on 1972-1974 information. Food expenditures, and their relationships with population characteristics, cannot be assumed to be static. They have changed since 1974, and will continue to change throughout this decade. However, it can be expected that most of the trends revealed by these data will continue to develop in the same direction.
Highly Stretchable Transistors Using a Microcracked Organic Semiconductor

A. Chortos, J. Lim, J. W. F. To, Dr. M. Vosgueritchian, T. J. Dusseault, Prof. Z. Bao Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University 381 North-South Mall , Stanford , CA , USA E-mail: zbao@stanford.edu T. -H. Kim, S. Hwang Nano Electronics Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Suwon 443–803 , Korea E-mail: swnano.hwang@samsung.com
Fast or Accurate? - A Comparative Evaluation of PoS Tagging Models

We perform a comparison of 22 PoS tagger models for English and German offered by 9 different implementations. By evaluating on a mix of corpora from different domains, we simulate a black-box usage where researchers select a tagger (because of popularity, ease of use, etc.) and apply it to all sorts of text. We find the expected trade-off between fast models with relatively low accuracy and slower models with higher accuracy. The choice of the model, even for the same tagger, does matter and the model should always be chosen for the task at hand. Our evaluation provides researchers with a basis for selecting taggers according to their needs.
Smart Shopping Carts: How Real-Time Feedback Influences Spending

Although interest in smart shopping carts is increasing, both retailers and consumer groups have concerns about how real-time spending feedback will influence shopping behavior. Building on budgeting and spending theories, the authors conduct three lab and grocery store experiments that robustly show that real-time spending feedback has a diverging impact on spending depending on whether a person is budget constrained (“budget” shoppers) or not (“nonbudget” shoppers). Real-time spending feedback stimulates budget shoppers to spend more (by buying more national brands). In contrast, this feedback leads nonbudget shoppers to spend less (by replacing national brands with store brands). Furthermore, smart shopping carts increase repatronage intentions for budget shoppers while keeping them stable for nonbudget shoppers. These findings underscore fundamental unexplored differences between budget and nonbudget shoppers. Moreover, they have key implications for both brick-and-mortar and online retailers as well as app developers.
Clientele Effects, REITs, and Acquisition Premiums

Executive Summary.Existing empirical studies indicate that transaction participants, or clienteles, can impact real estate prices. This study extends current research on the impact of transaction participants on asset pricing to one type of institutional real estate investor, REITs, and highlights that clienteles can affect real asset prices. The clientele effect is temporal and is based on clientele expectations and capital sources. REITs have paid acquisition premiums at times, but the REIT form of property ownership and management is not systematically associated with an acquisition premium. This implies that REITs do not have the ability to consistently outbid other investors simply due to their ownership, management, and capital structures. Institutional investors must recognize that changes in the composition of market participants can affect real estate values and investment strategy.
Transplantation of organs from marginal donors.

The number of patients awaiting organ transplantation has progressively increased during the last decade. Although the number of all registrants tripled during that time period only one-third of patients awaiting kidney or liver grafts and one-half of those hoping for heart grafts were transplanted in 1998. Thus, further progression of the discrepancy between suitable donors and potential recipients on waiting lists will have the consequence of an increasing use of organs from marginal donors. Clearly, organs that would have been thought unsuitable for transplantation not so long ago are currently used for transplantation. Although the engraftment of organs with reduced quality is associated with increasing rates of primary nonor delayed graft function a precise and broadly accepted definition of the term “marginal donor” is currently missing. Consequently, clinical trials based on different selection criteria are difficult to compare. Furthermore, organ-specific aspects reflected by divergent criteria for different organ systems seem to apply. Approaching a general accepted definition various risk factors influencing the quality of the graft will be analyzed, although scoring systems evaluating different risk factors will be suggested. Grafts with reduced quality may show an increased sensitivity toward additional damaging events as ischemia/reperfusion injury or acute rejection episodes. Interventions improving the condition of suboptimal grafts will be discussed. Finally, distinct recipient selection criteria may apply when using marginal grafts. Clinical trials matching grafts from old donors with old recipients are currently investigated. Age-adapted immunosuppressive regimens will be analyzed although an agedependent immune response will be discussed.
WEAK SIGNALS MANAGEMENT, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND UNCERTAINTY: A RELATIONAL THEORETICAL ESSAY UNDER THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTELLIGENCE

The more one recognizes the strategic importance of information for organizations, the harder it is the perception about the difficulties associated with the search and productive use of information. This research investigate two points: is there an association between the difficulties perceived by managers in the management of weaksignal and the level of entrepreneurial orientation of organizations? And is there is an association between the perceived difficulties and the dimensions of uncertainty perceived by organizations? We conduct this research from the perspective of Intelligence, given that it covers the steps involved in the search, identification, classification, storage, dissemination and use of information. This structure will make it possible to associate the main difficulties in the management of weak signals (identified in previous studies), according to their nature with the Intelligence process. In turn, this will enable an analysis of the relationship between the most significant difficulties perceived by organizations with the degree of entrepreneurship they employ, as well as with the dimensions of uncertainty perceived.
Depressive symptoms and lack of social integration in relation to prognosis of CHD in middle-aged women. The Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study.

AIMS Several studies have reported that women with coronary heart disease have a poorer prognosis than men. Psychosocial factors, including social isolation and depressive symptoms have been suggested as a possible cause. However, little is known about these factors and their independent predictive value in women. Therefore, we investigated the prognostic impact of depression, lack of social integration and their interaction in the Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study. METHODS AND RESULTS Two hundred and ninety-two women patients aged 30 to 65 years and admitted for an acute coronary event between 1991 and 1994, were followed for 5 years from baseline assessments, which were performed between 3 and 6 months after admission. Lack of social integration and depressive symptoms, assessed at baseline by standardized questionnaires, were associated with recurrent events, including cardiovascular mortality, acute myocardial infarction and revascularization procedures (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting). Adjusting for age, diagnosis at index event, symptoms of heart failure, diabetes mellitus, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, history of hypertension, systolic blood pressure, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, body mass index, and severity of angina pectoris symptoms, the hazard ratio associated with low (lowest quartile) as compared to high social integration (upper quartile) was 2.3 (95% CI 1.2-4.5) and the hazard ratio associated with two or more (upper three quartiles) as compared to one or no depressive symptoms was 1.9 (95% CI 1.02-3.6). CONCLUSIONS The presence of two or more depressive symptoms and lack of social integration independently predicted recurrent cardiac events in women with coronary heart disease. Women who were free of both these risk factors, had the best prognosis.
An ontology building approach for knowledge sharing in product lifecycle management

A great difficulty regarding the management of information systems is the fact that much of the knowledge available within organisations can only be found in a non-structured form. Consequently, one of the major problems faced by industry is the low degree of interoperability (capacity that a system presents of sharing and interchanging information and applications). This problem is even more serious when considering an entire product lifecycle, where several pieces of software are involved in allowing the organisation of product lifecycle management (PLM). One of the most promising approaches in addressing these issues is the structuring of formal ontologies. This article presents an ontology proposal for facilitating knowledge and information sharing, with the ultimate aim to ensure a transparent interoperability between systems used for the interchange of information throughout an entire product lifecycle.