Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Temperature and Strain Rate on Dynamic Strain Aging in Heat-Affected-Zone of Type 316L Stainless Steel

The dynamic strain aging phenomenon is believed to be one of the most important mechanisms that harden the weld-heat-affected zone of low-carbon austenitic stainless steels. Hence, we investigated the effects of the test temperature and strain rate during tensile tests on the dynamic strain aging of type 316L stainless steel (SS) in this study. The results obtained are as follows; (1) Two types of stress-strain curves were obtained with serrations caused by the dynamic strain aging in the tensile tests at different test temperatures and strain rates, one with a high-frequency serration and the other with a low-frequency serration. (2) The area where the serration was observed was determined by two lines, showing that the temperature dependence of the strain rate was in the form of e=A exp {-Q/(RT)}, where A: constant, Q: apparent activation energy (150 kJ/mol or 300 kJ/mol), R: gas constant, T: absolute temperature. (3) The increase in the micro-Vickers hardness of type 316L SS after being strained to certain strains showed maximum values determined by both the test temperature and the strain rate. The largest increase in the hardness was obtained at the combination of the lowest temperature and the lowest strain rate among the test conditions.
The Chen–Ruan Cohomology of Weighted Projective Spaces

Abstract In this paper we study the Chen–Ruan cohomology ring of weighted projective spaces. Given a weighted projective space ${{\mathbf{P}}^{n}}_{{{q}_{0}},\ldots ,{{q}_{n}}}$ , we determine all of its twisted sectors and the corresponding degree shifting numbers. The main result of this paper is that the obstruction bundle over any 3-multisector is a direct sum of line bundles which we use to compute the orbifold cup product. Finally we compute the Chen–Ruan cohomology ring of weighted projective space $\mathbf{P}_{1,\,2,\,2,\,3,3,\,{{3}^{\centerdot }}}^{5}$ .
Verification and validation of a reliable multicast protocol

This paper describes the methods used to specify and implement a complex communications protocol that provides reliable delivery of data in multicast-capable, packet-switching telecommunication networks. The protocol, called the Reliable Multicasting Protocol (RMP), was developed incrementally by two complementary teams using a combination of formal and informal techniques in an attempt to ensure the correctness of the protocol implementation. The first team, called the Design team, initially specified protocol requirements using a variant of SCR requirements tables and implemented a prototype solution. The second team, called the V&V team, developed a state model based on the requirements tables and derived test cases from these tables to exercise the implementation. In a series of iterative steps, the Design team added new functionality to the implementation while the V&V team kept the state model in fidelity with the implementation through testing. Test cases derived from state transition paths in the formal model formed the dialogue between teams during development and served as the vehicles for keeping the model and implementation in fidelity with each other. This paper describes our experiences in developing our process model, details of our approach, and some example problems found during the development of RMP.
HVEM Signalling Promotes Colitis

Background Tumor necrosis factor super family (TNFSF) members regulate important processes involved in cell proliferation, survival and differentiation and are therefore crucial for the balance between homeostasis and inflammatory responses. Several members of the TNFSF are closely associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, they represent interesting new targets for therapeutic treatment of IBD. Methodology/Principal Findings We have used mice deficient in TNFSF member HVEM in experimental models of IBD to investigate its role in the disease process. Two models of IBD were employed: i) chemical-induced colitis primarily mediated by innate immune cells; and ii) colitis initiated by CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells following their transfer into immuno-deficient RAG1-/- hosts. In both models of disease the absence of HVEM resulted in a significant reduction in colitis and inflammatory cytokine production. Conclusions These data show that HVEM stimulatory signals promote experimental colitis driven by innate or adaptive immune cells.
A delay-based approach for congestion avoidance in interconnected heterogeneous computer networks

In heterogeneous networks, achieving congestion avoidance is difficult because the congestion feedback from one subnetwork may have no meaning to sources on other subnetworks. We propose using changes in round-trip delay as an implicit feedback. Using a black-box model of the network, we derive an expression for the optimal window as a function of the gradient of the delay-window curve.The problems of selfish optimum and social optimum are also addressed. It is shown that without a careful design, it is possible to get into a race condition during heavy congestion, where each user wants more resources than others, thereby leading to a diverging condition.It is shown that congestion avoidance using round-trip delay is a promising approach. The approach has the advantage that there is absolutely no overhead for the network itself. It is exemplified by a simple scheme. The performance of the scheme is analyzed using a simulation model. The scheme is shown to be efficient, fair, convergent, and adaptive to changes in network configuration.The scheme as described works only for networks which can be modeled with queueing servers with constant service times. Further research is required to extend it for implementation in practical networks. Several directions for future research have been suggested.
Preliminary results from recent experiments and future roadmap to Shock Ignition of Fusion Targets

Shock ignition (SI) is a new approach to Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) based on decoupling the compression and ignition phase. The last one relies on launching a strong shock through a high intensity laser spike (≤ 1016 W/cm2) at the end of compression. In this paper, first we described an experiment performed using the PALS iodine laser to study laser-target coupling and laser-plasma interaction in an intensity regime relevant for SI. A first beam with wavelength λ = 1.33 μm and low intensity was used to create an extended preformed plasma, and a second one with λ = 0.44 μm to create a strong shock. Several diagnostics characterized the preformed plasma and the interaction of the main pulse. Pressure up to 90 Mbar was inferred. In the last paper of the paper, we discuss the relevant steps, which can be followed in order to approach the demonstration of SI on laser facilities like LMJ.
Evaluation of Two Phenotypic Screening Tests for Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae

ABSTRACT We evaluated the performance of two rapid tests for detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) strains. The sensitivities and the specificities were 97.6% and 94.4% for the Rapid CARB Screen and 98.8% and 93.1% for the KPC/MBL & OXA-48 Confirm tests, providing the usefulness of these tools for screening CPE in microbiology wards.
Imaging modalities for the classification of gout: systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Background Although there has been major progress in gout imaging, no gout classification criteria currently include advanced imaging techniques. Objective To examine the usefulness of imaging modalities in the classification of gout when compared to monosodium urate (MSU) crystal confirmation as the gold standard, in order to inform development of new gout classification criteria. Methods We systematically reviewed the published literature concerning the diagnostic performance of plain film radiography, MRI, ultrasound (US), conventional CT and dual energy CT (DECT). Only studies with MSU crystal confirmation as the gold standard were included. When more than one study examined the same imaging feature, the data were pooled and summary test characteristics were calculated. Results 11 studies (9 manuscripts and 2 meeting abstracts) satisfied the inclusion criteria. All were set in secondary care, with mean gout disease duration of at least 7 years. Three features were examined in more than one study: the double contour sign (DCS) on US, tophus on US, and MSU crystal deposition on DECT. The pooled (95% CI) sensitivity and specificity of US DCS were 0.83 (0.72 to 0.91) and 0.76 (0.68 to 0.83), respectively; of US tophus, were 0.65 (0.34 to 0.87) and 0.80 (0.38 to 0.96), respectively; and of DECT, were 0.87 (0.79 to 0.93) and 0.84 (0.75 to 0.90), respectively. Conclusions US and DECT show promise for gout classification but the few studies to date have mostly been in patients with longstanding, established disease. The contribution of imaging over clinical features for gout classification criteria requires further examination.
Cranioplasty after postinjury decompressive craniectomy: is timing of the essence?

BACKGROUND The appropriate timing of cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy for trauma is unknown. Potential benefits of delayed intervention (>6 weeks) for reducing the risk of infection must be balanced by persistent altered cerebrospinal fluid dynamics leading to hydrocephalus. We reviewed our recent 5-year experience in an effort to improve patient throughput and develop a rational decision making plan. METHODS A 5-year query (2003-2007) of our level I neurotrauma database. From 2,400 head injuries, we performed a total of 350 craniotomies. Of the 350 patients who underwent craniotomy for trauma, 70 patients (20%) underwent decompressive craniectomy requiring cranioplasty. Timing of cranioplasty, cranioplasty material, postoperative infections, and incidence of hydrocephalus were evaluated with logistic regression to study potential associations between complications and timing, adjusted for risk factors. RESULTS No specific time frame was predictive of hydrocephalus or infection, and logistic regression failed to identify significant predictors among the collected variables. CONCLUSION In our experience, the prior practice of delayed cranioplasty (3-6 months postdecompressive craniectomy), requiring repeat hospital admission, does not seem to lower postcranioplasty infection rates nor the need for cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedures. Our current practice emphasizes cranioplasty during the initial hospital admission, as soon as there is resolution on computed tomography scan of brain swelling outside of the cranial vault with concurrent clinical examination. This occurs as early as 2 weeks postcraniectomy and should lower the overall cost of care by eliminating the need for additional hospital admissions.
Neuronal and microglial response in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

This study reports Müller cell and neuronal changes and microglial reaction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity was largely confined to astrocytes in the nerve fiber layer (NFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) in control rats. In diabetic rats especially those killed after 12 months, GFAP immunostaining could be traced along the entire length of Müller cell processes, extending from the inner to the outer limiting membrane. With the antibody neuronal nuclei, immunopositive cells were located in the GCL and the inner part of the inner nuclear layer (INL) in both diabetic and age-matched control rats. In diabetic rats, labelled cells were reduced in both layers being more marked in the INL. In age-matched control rats, OX42-immunoreactive microglial cells were distributed mainly in the NFL and GCL; some cells were localized in the inner plexiform layer, but rarely in the outer plexiform layer (OPL). Beginning 1 month after diabetes, the microglial cells appeared hypertrophic. Furthermore, microglial number as estimated from cell counts in different layers of the retina was significantly increased, with the occurrence of some cells in the OPL at 4 months. At 14 and 16 months, reactive microglial cells were detected in the outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor layer. Present results suggest that microglial reaction in induced diabetes was elicited by neuronal cell loss in both GCL and INL as well as by some pathologic changes affecting the photoreceptors.
Techniques used For Workload Distribution in Virtualized Data Centers

To build the efficiency of system in the server, consolidation techniques are utilized however because of this performance of system can degraded. So consolidation and migration methods are utilized to enhance workload execution in virtualized data center. In consolidation method number of physical machine (PM) decreases and create number of virtual machine. VMWARE is utilized to make different number of VM (Virtual Machines) . it produce numerous VM on single PM. For this reason two modules are utilized consolidation, which gives set of workload, minimize the number of PM by a integer programming model, Migration module which gives workload from consolidation module to VM by Polynomial time calculation. LSAP(Linear sum assignment problem) method used to solve problem during migration that problem called migration planning problem (during migration from source VM to destination VM it took much time and increases number of migration because the VM which will be migrated is already associated with other workload) for this problem Hungarian algorithm in LSAP method to solve this problem.
Preparation, morphology and properties of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/maleinized poly(octene–ethylene)/organomontmorillonite nanocomposites

In order to improve the mechanical properties, crystallization behavior and processing viscosity of the poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), maleinized poly(octene–ethylene) (POE) and organomontmorillonite (OMMT) were used to prepare nanocomposites of PTT/POE/OMMT by melt blending method, and their morphology and properties were investigated in detail. The results suggest that some of the OMMTs are peeled off and the nanosheets are dispersed evenly in the polymer matrix. The nanocomposites have higher melt viscosity with increasing OMMT content due to the interaction between OMMTs and polymers, which is favorable for improving the processing property of the material. The nanocomposite with 2 wt% OMMT has the largest tensile and impact strength. The elastic modulus of the glassy nanocomposite increases, and the glass transition temperature first slightly decreases and then increases with increasing OMMT content. The nanocomposites form smaller or imperfect microcrystallites with lower melting point and the nanocomposites have increased crystallization rate because of the effective nucleation agent of OMMT. However, the crystallinity decreases because of the thickening effect of OMMT and POE in the composites. OMMT and POE have small influence on the thermal stability of the nanocomposite.
Eigenchannel R-matrix calculation of the even-parity 6 pnp and 6 pnf J=0,1, 2 autoionizing levels of barium

A detailed comparison between theoretical calculations and recent experiments on laser-excited 6 pnp and 6 pnf J=0, 1, 2 autoionizing levels of Ba is presented. All observables are calculated by a combination of the eigenchannel R-matrix and the multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT) methods. MQDT analyses of the energy positions of the resonances are presented, and the photoionization spectra from low-lying 6s6p 3P0.1 or 5d6p 3P0.1 levels and from Rydberg levels 6snp 1P1 are investigated.
Diversity in ranking via resistive graph centers

Users can rarely reveal their information need in full detail to a search engine within 1--2 words, so search engines need to "hedge their bets" and present diverse results within the precious 10 response slots. Diversity in ranking is of much recent interest. Most existing solutions estimate the marginal utility of an item given a set of items already in the response, and then use variants of greedy set cover. Others design graphs with the items as nodes and choose diverse items based on visit rates (PageRank). Here we introduce a radically new and natural formulation of diversity as finding centers in resistive graphs. Unlike in PageRank, we do not specify the edge resistances (equivalently, conductances) and ask for node visit rates. Instead, we look for a sparse set of center nodes so that the effective conductance from the center to the rest of the graph has maximum entropy. We give a cogent semantic justification for turning PageRank thus on its head. In marked deviation from prior work, our edge resistances are learnt from training data. Inference and learning are NP-hard, but we give practical solutions. In extensive experiments with subtopic retrieval, social network search, and document summarization, our approach convincingly surpasses recently-published diversity algorithms like subtopic cover, max-marginal relevance (MMR), Grasshopper, DivRank, and SVMdiv.
Parametric polymorphism for XML

Despite the extensiveness of recent investigations on static typing for XML, parametric polymorphism has rarely been treated. This well-established typing discipline can also be useful in XML processing in particular for programs involving "parametric schemas," i.e., schemas parameterized over other schemas (e.g., SOAP). The difficulty in treating polymorphism for XML lies in how to extend the "semantic" approach used in the mainstream (monomorphic) XML type systems. A naive extension would be "semantic" quantification over all substitutions for type variables. However, this approach reduces to an NEXPTIME-complete problem for which no practical algorithm is known. In this paper, we propose a different method that smoothly extends the semantic approach yet is algorithmically easier. In this, we devise a novel and simple marking technique, where we interpret a polymorphic type as a set of values with annotations of which subparts are parameterized. We exploit this interpretation in every ingredient of our polymorphic type system such as subtyping, inference of type arguments, and so on. As a result, we achieve a sensible system that directly represents a usual expected behavior of polymorphic type systems---"values of variable types are never reconstructed"---in a reminiscence of Reynold's parametricity theory. Also, we obtain a set of practical algorithms for typechecking by local modifications to existing ones for a monomorphic system.
Novel face recognition method using trend vector for a multimedia album

Automatic recognition of faces in photos is a highly challenging task since face appearance varies with poses, expressions, and lighting conditions. In this paper, we introduce a novel face recognition method using the trend vector which consists of the distances between the probed feature vector with all reference feature vectors in the gallery. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves higher recognition rate than the conventional methods under the aforementioned challenging conditions.
Echocardiography in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can be a rapidly progressive and fatal disease. Although right heart catheterization remains the gold standard in evaluation of PH, echocardiography remains an important tool in screening, diagnosing, evaluating, and following these patients. In this article, we will review the important echocardiographic parameters of the right heart in evaluating its anatomy, hemodynamic assessment, systolic, and diastolic function in children with PH.
Analyzing the benefits of protocol offload by full-system simulation

Due to the network technology advances, an order-of-magnitude jump has been produced in the network bandwidth. This fact has reawake the interest in protocol offloading (particularly in protocols such as TCP, that require a lot of CPU resources to process the stack), since network communication is one key factor for the system performance. Nevertheless, there are controversial studies on protocol offloading benefits, and much research work on offloading, particularly on TCP offloading as it has been the main transport protocol for many years, and in fact, it is the most used protocol in the networks. This paper describes a model to simulate by Simics the protocol offloading technique to keep low the communication overheads on the host CPU. The simulation platform provided by Simics can be used for a functional system simulation, including the application program, the operating system, the protocol stack and the device drivers, since network-oriented applications require a full-system simulation. As Simics does not provide a detailed network I/O model, in this paper we describe the way we have generated a model that allows the simulation of the offloading effects
Maltreatment of patients in nursing homes: overview and research agenda.

This paper provides a critical review of the social science literature regarding maltreatment of patients in nursing homes. First, two conceptual issues are addressed: problems in defining maltreatment and a rationale for sociological study of the phenomenon. Next, the paper presents a theoretical model of potential causes of patient maltreatment, including exogenous variables, nursing home environment, and staff and patient characteristics. An agenda for research is outlined based on the model. Over the past 25 years, nursing homes have
A Kinetic Analysis of Calcium-Triggered Exocytosis

Although the relationship between exocytosis and calcium is fundamental both to synaptic and nonneuronal secretory function, analysis is problematic because of the temporal and spatial properties of calcium, and the fact that vesicle transport, priming, retrieval, and recycling are coupled. By analyzing the kinetics of sea urchin egg secretory vesicle exocytosis in vitro, the final steps of exocytosis are resolved. These steps are modeled as a three-state system: activated, committed, and fused, where interstate transitions are given by the probabilities that an active fusion complex commits (α) and that a committed fusion complex results in fusion, p. The number of committed complexes per vesicle docking site is Poisson distributed with mean n. Experimentally, p and n increase with increasing calcium, whereas α and the p n ratio remain constant, reducing the kinetic description to only one calcium-dependent, controlling variable, n. On average, the calcium dependence of the maximum rate (Rmax) and the time to reach Rmax (Tpeak) are described by the calcium dependence of n. Thus, the nonlinear relationship between the free calcium concentration and the rate of exocytosis can be explained solely by the calcium dependence of the distribution of fusion complexes at vesicle docking sites.
Degradation of polymeric compositions in vacuum to 10−9 mm Hg in evaporation and sliding friction experiments

Solid compositons studied included PTFE, PCFE, polyimides, both filled and unfilled, and fluorocarbon telomers. Evaporation experiments were conducted at ambient temperatures to fluorocarbon telomers. Evaporaton experiments were conducted at ambient temperatures to 1100°F and pressures to 10−8 mm Hg. Various molecular weights of different polymers were examined. Results indicate that evaporation rates in vacuum for polymers vary with molecular weight. Friction and wear experiments were conducted with a 3-16-inch-radius rider hemisphere (usually polymer) sliding on a flat disk (various materials) at speeds to 1480 feet per minute with a 1000-gram load on the rider specimen and at an ambient pressure of 10−9 mm Hg. Fillers were found to influence markedly the wear of PTFE and PCFE in vacuum as a result of changes in heat dissipation properties, but they showed little or no influence on friction.