Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dyslexia; ophthalmological aspects 1991

Abstract Dyslexia or specific reading disability is an important and frequent handicap afficting 5–10% of the population. It is basically a disorder of acquisition of written language, probably due to a poorly developed phonological awarness, which in turn may be neurologically related. As anatomical correlates symmetry of the planum temporale and ectopies in the cerebral cortex have been suggested. Functional correlates are discovered with brain electrical mapping and stimulation of brain structures during neuro surgery. From an ophthalmological point of view there are no relations between dyslexia and ocular problems including refractive errors and accommodation, problems of binocular control and stereopsis, eye dominance instability etc. However, contrast sensitivity seems to be reduced in dyslexics for the middle range of spatial frequencies, which may be related to impaired function of the ‘transient’ visual system. With regard to eye movements, there is no firm experimental proof for any disturbances in dyslexia, be it with the different movement systems or in the best movement direction. ‘Backward saccades’ or regressions are typical not only for dyslexic reading but in all types of reading when comprehension is poor. Although there is no treatment for dyslexia itself that can be based on ophthalmological findings, the ophthalmologist must after careful examination discover and treat any ocular, orthoptic or neuroophthalmological problem that may make reading difficult for the dyslexic child. The ophthalmologist must explain to the child and the parents that dyslexia usually has no ophthalmological or visual cause but is a disability with a neurobiological background, still unknown, in which the only efficient treatment is within the area of pedagogy.
The value of social support to encourage people with schizophrenia to engage in physical activity: an international insight from specialist mental health physiotherapists

Abstract Background: Research is needed to understand how mental health physiotherapists use social support when promoting physical activity. Aims: The aim of this study was to establish which dimensions of social support are used within physiotherapy sessions for individuals with schizophrenia. Method: A cross sectional international survey design of specialist mental health physiotherapists was undertaken. Results: Forty mental health physiotherapists provided in depth accounts of the four functional dimensions of social support (informational, tangible, esteem and emotional) and the one structural dimension (importance of group exercise). The results illustrate how these different dimensions of social support are used by physiotherapists to engage patients and identify the value of group work as a specific form of support. Specifically the importance of all types of support was reported and this helped to provide a detailed consideration to the skills that mental health physiotherapist have. Conclusion: Providing social support is a significant part of the rehabilitation professionals’ role. The current results advance the current understanding of how social support is provided to individuals with schizophrenia in rehabilitation settings.
Analysis Based on AHP about the Factors of E-Government Services Outsourcing

With continuous improvement in the development level of China's information technology, E-government services outsourcing market is gradually taking shape, and is playing an increasingly important role in E-government construction of China. Based on the survey of 93 different government departments in Chengdu, this paper used AHP to establish the evaluation model of the E-government services outsourcing, and sorted the factors which affect E-government services outsourcing. The results showed that the will of the government was the key influence factor to E-government services outsourcing, followed by cooperation relationship, management and contractor selection factors. E-government services outsourcing is an important part of government privatization activities. To governments, E- government services outsourcing is not a kind of simple behavior that governments purchase services. Contractors and governments entered into agreements in form through negotiations, and used detailed legal and service terms to make specific stipulations on rights and obligations of each party to get services. However, E-government is not only to serve the civil servants within governments, but also provide relevant services for same, lower or higher-level government departments, enterprises and the public, etc. E-government is involved in all fields of government functions, and government's supervision and control always runs through each segment of outsourcing. Therefore, E-government services outsourcing doesn't mean that governments want to cast off a burden; on its merits, it is the re-delimitation of government's activities as well as externalization of government's internal activities. Meanwhile, it also made the externalization to promote government's performance through the introduction of competition mechanism. Therefore, the study on the factors which affect E-government services outsourcing possesses a certain realistic meaning for improving China's E-government construction. This paper carried out an survey through questionnaire on 93 different government departments in Chengdu from four aspects as government's will, contractor selection, cooperation relationship and management factors; based on AHP, this paper established evaluation model of E-government services outsourcing, sorted the factors that affect government services outsourcing, found the key factor and thereby provided a certain direction for China's E-government construction.
Theory of Time-dependent Space-charge-limited Conduction

We have developed a theory of time-dependent space-charge-limited conduction in recent years to understand a hysteresis-shift phenomenon of graded ferroelectric films. The theory is a generalization of the conventional steady-state space-charge-limited conduction model to include (i) two carrier types (p-type and n-type), (ii) intrinsic conductivity and (iii) time dependence. Later, the theory was also applied to understand the hysteresis behaviour of homogeneous ferroelectric films. In this paper, a full and updated version of the theory is presented. At the limit of zero intrinsic conductivity, the theory implies the dominance of either carrier type. Accordingly, the independent assumptions of (i) a single carrier type and (ii) a negligible intrinsic conductivity in the conventional steady-state conduction model are interrelated.
Antigen from Francisella tularensis: nonidentity between determinants participating in cell-mediated and humoral reactions

After tularemia vaccinations, most individuals respond with cell-mediated and humoral immunity as disclosed by the lymphocyte stimulation test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. There is, however, no correlation between the magnitudes of the two responses, and some individuals show one of the responses only. We now report that the two responses are directed towards different antigenic determinants of the bacterium. Ether-water extraction of the live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis gave a high yield of material reacting in ELISA as well as in the lymphocyte stimulation test. However, the specificity of the extract was low insofar as it reacted not only with lymphocytes and antibodies of tularemia-vaccinated individuals but also to a fairly high extent with those of nonvaccinated individuals. By using the extract as a starting material, a preparatory procedure was developed, resulting in antigen of high specificity in the two tests. The antigen prepared was a high-molecular-weight, carbohydrate-protein complex. Proteinase K treatment of the antigen abolished the lymphocyte-stimulating activity but did not decrease ELISA activity at all. Periodate treatment, on the other hand, greatly reduced ELISA activity but did not decrease the lymphocyte-stimulating activity. Thus, determinants of F. tularensis responsible for immunospecific lymphocyte stimulation seem to reside in protein, whereas ELISA activity seems to be due mostly to carbohydrate determinants.
Responding to Negative Social Media Content: an Organizational Identification Perspective

Social media has transformed communication between organizations and their stakeholders. As organizations are trying to manage their identity and reputation without having full control over organization-related on-line content, the role of individual stakeholders in responding to online criticism about the organization becomes more important. Building on the organizational identification literature, this study examines the role of organizational identification in motivating stakeholder responses to organization-directed criticism on social media. The proposed research model hypothesizes a positive relationship between organizational identification and organizational members’ propensity to respond to negative organization-related content in an adversarial manner. Organizational identity orientation is proposed to moderate such relationship. It is proposed that the model will be tested using survey data.
Comparative sequence analysis of rotavirus genomic segment 6--the gene specifying viral subgroups 1 and 2

Cloned DNA copies of rotavirus genomic segment 6 from simian 11 (subgroup 1) and human strain Wa (subgroup 2) rotaviruses have been used to determine the nucleotide sequences of the gene that determines viral subgroup specificity. Both genomic segments are 1,356 nucleotides in length and possess 5'- and 3'-terminal untranslated regions of 23 and 142 nucleotides, respectively. The inferred amino acid sequence reveals VP6 to be a polypeptide of 397 amino acids in which more than 90% of the amino acid sequence is conserved between the two viruses. There are 34 amino acid changes between the subgroup 1 and 2 polypeptides, most clustered in three regions of the molecule at residues 39 through 62, 80 through 122, and 281 through 315.
A Relational Algebra for Streaming Tables Living in a Temporal Database World

The recently introduced streaming table concept, a fully native representation of streaming data inside a DBMS, enabled modern data-intensive applications with one-time queries (OTQs) and continuous queries (CQs) capabilities on both streaming and standard relational tables. In this paper, we fully acknowledge the temporal nature of streaming tables and we propose to go one step further and integrate them in a temporal DBMS context, where time management is native. Our aim is to break the traditional barrier between the streaming and the temporal worlds, oﬀering complete interoperability between streams and temporal data. To this end, we present a continuous temporal algebra supporting both OTQs and CQs seamlessly on streaming, standard and temporal relational tables. We further show how the transition from continuous to one-time semantics can be managed by deﬁning suitable translation rules, which can also be used as a basis for the implementation of the proposed continuous algebra in a temporal DBMS.
Genetic structure of human populations.

The difficulty of extrapolating from inbred mouse strains used for the assessment of toxicological responses to the human population that may be exposed to the potentially toxic substance is discussed. Conventional risk estimation procedures assume little heterogeneity among members of the population in their response to a substance. This ignores the inherent genetic diversity present in human populations. Measurement of enzymic variation reveals that humans are more variable genetically than most mammalian species. Common genetic variants abound. Genetic variability within or between inbred strains of mice is much less. Evaluation of toxicological hazards should also consider responses to potentially toxic substances by individuals who carry rare genetic alleles. The effect of these rare variants on viability is currently unknown. The manner in which levels of genetic variability are affected by population structure is also discussed. In contemporary human populations, migration rates are not sufficientl.
Relationships and tasks in scientific research collaborations

Most computer-based aids for researchers and other workers have had individuals rather than groups or teams as their beneficiaries. This is unfortunate, since much work in business, government, and academia is performed by groups of people. In this paper we examine research collaborations as a particularly informative example of group work and propose a model of research collaboration that should provide guidance to those developing technology to support collaborative work. The model is based on 50 semi-structured interviews with researchers in psychology, management science, and computer science. It focuses on the problems in forming and maintaining personal relationships and completing tasks that researchers must solve to have a successful collaboration. These problems occur when collaborators are initiating projects, executing them, and documenting results.
What Drives Bank Funding Spreads ? 1

We use matched, bank-level panel data on Libor submissions and credit default swaps to decompose bank-funding spreads at several maturities into components reflecting counterparty credit risk and funding-market liquidity. To account for the possibility that banks may strategically misreport their funding rates in the Libor survey, we nest our decomposition within a model of the costs and benefits of lying. We find that Libor spreads typically consist mostly of a liquidity premium and that this premium declined at short maturities following Federal Reserve interventions in bank funding markets. At longer maturities, credit risk explains much of the time variation in Libor, reflecting in part fluctuations in the degree to which default risk is priced in the interbank market. Our results are consistent with banks both underand over-reporting their funding costs during the crisis but suggest that the incidence of this behavior may have subsequently declined.
Rapid, accurate technique for determination of carbon monoxide in blood.

We report a chromatographic technique in which a vortex method of gas extraction and a thermal conductivity detector are used to measure carbon monoxide in blood. This method has the advantages of a small sample volume (100 µl), a rapid analysis time (3 min), ease of operation, and a high correlation with results of the standard gasometric method over the entire possible range ( r = 0.999). The accuracy of this method (coefficient of variation) for measuring CO in human blood samples was 1.7%. With it, dissolved CO can be accurately measured, as demonstrated by the Bunsen solubility coefficient for plasma CO by this method of 22.0 ml of CO per liter of water per atm. (101 kN/m2) at 24 °C (theoretical value: 21.8).
Phase I/II trial of AEG35156 X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein antisense oligonucleotide combined with idarubicin and cytarabine in patients with relapsed or primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia.

PURPOSE X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is an inhibitor of caspases 3 and 9 which are overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and may contribute to chemoresistance. We report on a phase I/II trial of the XIAP antisense oligonucleotide AEG35156 in combination with reinduction chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with rapidly relapsed or refractory AML were treated with escalating doses of AEG35156 (12 to 250 mg/m(2)) as an intravenous solution over 2 hours and 32 patients were treated with the highest planned dose of 350 mg/m(2) in combination with idarubicin and high-dose cytarabine reinduction chemotherapy. Correlative studies were conducted to determine the effects of AEG35156 on levels of XIAP mRNA. RESULTS Knockdown of XIAP mRNA during treatment increased with the dose of the antisense. All patients who received 350 mg/m(2) of AEG35156 had higher than 30% target knockdown with a median maximal knockdown of 90% (range, 48% to 100%). The overall response rate was higher among the patients receiving the highest dose of AEG35156. In this group, 15 (47%) of 32 patients achieved complete response (CR)/CR with incomplete platelet count recovery (CRp) compared with only one (4%) of 24 receiving 12 to 250 mg/m(2) AEG35156. Among the patients receiving 350 mg/m(2) of AEG35156 in combination with chemotherapy, 10 (91%) of 11 who were refractory to a single induction chemotherapy regimen achieved CR/CRp after reinduction with AEG35156 and chemotherapy. AEG35156 was well tolerated save for two cases of peripheral neuropathy in patients receiving multiple doses of AEG35156. CONCLUSION At the highest dose tested, AEG35156 knocks down its target and appears very effective when combined with chemotherapy in patients with AML refractory to a single induction regimen.
Effects of Thiamphenicol and Chloramphenicol in Inhibiting Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates

Thiamphenicol was compared with penicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol for its ability to inhibit 530 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, including 13 penicillinase-producing isolates. Thiamphenicol proved to be as active as chloramphenicol in inhibiting all of the isolates.
When two equals three: developmental osteology and homology of the caudal skeleton in carangid fishes (Perciformes: Carangidae)

SUMMARY Ontogeny often provides the most compelling evidence for primary homology in evolutionary developmental studies and is critical to interpreting complex structures in a phylogenetic context. As an example of this, we document the ontogenetic development of the caudal skeleton of Caranx crysos by examining a series of cleared and stained larval and postlarval specimens. By studying ontogeny, we are able to more accurately identify some elements of the adult caudal skeleton than is possible when studying the adult stage alone. The presence of two epurals has been used as a synapomorphy of Caranginae (homoplastically present in the scomberoidine genera Scomberoides and Oligoplites). Here we find that three epurals (ep) are present in larvae and small postlarval juveniles (i.e.,<25 mm standard length [SL]) of C. crysos and other carangines, but ep2 never ossifies and does not develop beyond its initial presence. Ep2 was last observed in a 33.6 mm SL specimen as a small nodule of very lightly stained cartilage cells and eventually disappears completely. Therefore, the two epurals present in the adult are ep1 and ep3. In other carangines examined (e.g., Selene, Selar), the rudimentary ep2 ossifies and appears to fuse to the proximal tip of ep1. In these taxa, therefore, the two epurals of the adult appear to be ep1+2 and ep3. We found no indication of three epurals at any stage in the development of Oligoplites (developmental material of Scomberoides was unavailable). We discuss the osteology of the caudal skeleton of carangoid fishes generally and emphasize the power and importance of ontogeny in the identification of primary homology.
Novel chicken CXC and CC chemokines.

Upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) the chicken macrophage cell line HD-11 secretes factors with cytokine activity. To characterize these molecules, representational difference analysis with RNA of LPS-induced and uninduced HD-11 cells was performed. Two cDNA clones were isolated that code for polypeptides with structural features of chemokines. cDNA K60 codes for a novel CXC chemokine of 104 residues including a putative signal peptide of 20 amino acids at the N-terminus. It is 67% identical to the previously cloned chicken chemokine 9E3/CEF4. K60 exhibits a similar degree of sequence identity to human interleukin 8 and other related CXC chemokines (about 50%), rendering straight-forward predictions of its biological properties difficult. cDNA K203 codes for a novel CC chemokine of 89 amino acids including a putative N-terminal signal peptide of 21 residues. It is 43% identical to a previously characterized chicken protein with homology to mammalian macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta (MIP-1beta). K203 exhibits about 50% sequence identity to human MIP-1beta and other related CC chemokines.
Legal issues of data anonymisation in research

In this paper Donnan et al expertly demonstrate the value of anonymised individual data in medical research, showing that effects masked in aggregated data are clearly visible when individual data are used. However, the use of anonymised data raises interesting legal questions. The MEMO researchers paid careful attention to protecting patient confidentiality for the 166 000 files they used in the study, with the data being anonymised with purpose made software that was used by named staff whose employment contracts could be revoked in the event of breaches of patient confidentiality. Given the large amount of data involved, patients' individual consent could not be sought, but efforts were made to inform patients of the possible use of their medical data and their rights of privacy through the publication of a patient information leaflet. One should not assume, however, that anonymising data for medical research is …
Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Two-Player Stackelberg Strategy

This technical note revisits the open-loop Stackelberg strategy for a two-player game. By introducing a new costate, which captures the future information of the control input, we present a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of the two-player game. The optimal strategy is designed in terms of three decoupled and symmetric Riccati equations which improves the existing results greatly on computation.
Evaluating Asthma Control: A Comparison of Measures Using an Item Response Theory Approach

Self-reported symptoms, FEV1, and clinician judgment are all used to evaluate asthma control. The relative utility of each measure of control cannot be easily assessed. Item response theory (IRT) approaches allow for the direct comparison of the utility of different types of measures used to assess control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of evaluating asthma control using symptom, clinical, and physiologic measures by applying an IRT approach. Subjects receiving care at an asthma clinic were evaluated on measures of asthma control. Based on 114 evaluations, IRT parameters were estimated to evaluate whether measures assessed a single underlying construct, the hierarchical relationship between the measures and the level of control each measure assessed, whether measures targeted all levels of asthma control, and whether the scoring categories distinguished between different levels of control. Infit statistics (0.74–1.5) for individual items showed that all items fit the underlying concept of asthma control. The reproducibility of the hierarchal scale was high (0.9). The results also demonstrated that items differentiated two strata (high, low) of control. The gaps in the hierarchal scale showed that for many subjects (37%) there were no items at their level of asthma control. The IRT approach identified gaps in current measurement that need to be addressed to provide more precise evaluations of control required to accurately monitor changes in patient status.