Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Life-Cycle of BDI Agent Goals

Introduction. Deliberation over courses of action to pursue is fundamental to agent systems. Agents designed to work in dynamic environments, such as a rescue robot or an online travel agent, must be able to reason about what actions they should take, incorporating deliberation into their execution cycle, reviewing decisions and taking corrective action with appropriate focus and frequency. Not only must agents reason about the effects of their courses of action, they must also consider the semantics of these corrective actions. Systems based on the well-known Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) framework most often ascribe a set of goals to the agent, which is equipped with various techniques to deliberate over and manage this set. The centrality of reasoning over goals is seen in the techniques investigated in the literature, which include subgoaling and plan selection, detection and resolution of conflicts or opportunities for cooperation [9], checking goal properties to specification [10, 5], failure recovery and planning [2], and dropping, aborting, or suspending and resuming goals [7]. A variety of goals are described in the literature, including goals of performance of a task, achievement of a state, querying truth of a statement, testing veracity of beliefs, and maintenance of a condition [1, 11]. An agent must manage such a variety of goals, while incorporating pertinent sources of information into its decisions over them, such as preferences, quality goals, motivational goals, and advice [10]. The complexity of agent goal management stems from this combination of the variety of goals and the breadth of deliberation considerations. It is furthered because each goal can be dropped, aborted, suspended, or resumed (as illustrated in Figure 1) at arbitrary times. While goals themselves are static (i.e., they are specified at design time, and do not change during execution), their behaviour is dynamic: a goal may undergo a variety of changes of state during its execution cycle [5]. This evolution may include its initial adoption by the agent, being actively pursued, being suspended and then later resumed, and eventually succeeding (or failing). (Maintenance goals have a subtle life-cycle: the goal is retained even when the desired property is true; it is possible that such goals are never dropped.) Our work analyzes the behaviour of the above types of goals, including the behaviour when goals are aborted or suspended. We consider the complete life-cycle of goals, from their initial adoption by the agent to the time when they are no longer of interest, and all stages in between; we account for the dynamics of plan execution and sub-goaling. We develop a generic framework for goal states and transitions that captures the life-cycle of goals—shown in summary in Figure 1; the Active and Suspended states decomposed further [8]—
Fast high-throughput screening of temoporfin-loaded liposomal formulations prepared by ethanol injection method

A new strategy for fast, convenient high-throughput screening of liposomal formulations was developed, utilizing the automation of the so-called ethanol-injection method. This strategy was illustrated by the preparation and screening of the liposomal formulation library of a potent second-generation photosensitizer, temoporfin. Numerous liposomal formulations were efficiently prepared using a pipetting robot, followed by automated size characterization, using a dynamic light scattering plate reader. Incorporation efficiency of temoporfin and zeta potential were also detected in selected cases. To optimize the formulation, different parameters were investigated, including lipid types, lipid concentration in injected ethanol, ratio of ethanol to aqueous solution, ratio of drug to lipid, and the addition of functional phospholipid. Step-by-step small liposomes were prepared with high incorporation efficiency. At last, an optimized formulation was obtained for each lipid in the following condition: 36.4 mg·mL−1 lipid, 13.1 mg·mL−1 mPEG2000-DSPE, and 1:4 ethanol:buffer ratio. These liposomes were unilamellar spheres, with a diameter of approximately 50 nm, and were very stable for over 20 weeks. The results illustrate this approach to be promising for fast high-throughput screening of liposomal formulations.
VSCNN: Convolution Neural Network Accelerator with Vector Sparsity

Hardware accelerator for convolution neural network (CNNs) enables real time applications of artificial intelligence technology. However, most of the accelerators only support dense CNN computations or suffers complex control to support fine grained sparse networks. To solve above problem, this paper presents an efficient CNN accelerator with 1-D vector broadcasted input to support both dense network as well as vector sparse network with the same hardware and low overhead. The presented design achieves 1.93X speedup over the dense CNN computations.
Heart beat detection using a multimodal data coupling method

The most straightforward method for heart beat estimation is R-peak detection based on an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Current R-peak detection methods do not work properly when the ECG signal is contaminated or missing, which leads to the incorrect estimation of the heart rate. This raises the need for reliable algorithms which can locate heart beats in continuous long-term multimodal data, allowing robust analysis. In this paper, three peak detectors are evaluated for heart beat detection using various cardiovascular signals. One of the peak detectors is a new general peak detector (GPD) algorithm which is applicable on ECG and other pulsatile signals to compensate for the limitation of QRS detection. This peak detector algorithm is adaptive and independently finds amplitude characteristics for every recording, while not tuned for ECG or other pulsatile signals. Three strategies, which are different disciplines of detectors, are then proposed while the fusion method remains the same in all strategies. In the first strategy, the ECG and the lowest-indexed signal of general blood pressure (BP), arterial blood pressure (ART) and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) are processed through gqrs and wabp (from the PhysioNet library), respectively. In the second strategy, all beats in different signals are detected by GPD. In the third strategy, ECG and other signals are processed by gqrs and GPD, respectively. In all three strategies two criteria are used in order to fuse the detections. The first criterion is based on the number of candidate detections in a specific time period, based on which signals of interest are selected. The second fusion criterion is based on the regularity of the derived intervals between subsequent candidate detections. If the number of detections in ECG and one of BP, ART and PAP signals have reasonable physiological range, a new signal is generated in which they are coupled with each other. Heart beats can more easily be detected in noisy parts of these signals using the new coupled waveform. For instance, if ECG and BP are coupled, BP pulses make the real heart beats in noisy parts of ECG detectable and ECG R-peaks make the weak BP pulses detectable in the new waveform. The proposed peak detector is developed using the MIT/BIH arrhythmia database. Furthermore, heart beat detection strategies were evaluated using the train and test datasets of PhysioNet/CinC Challenge (), and the overall results of the strategies are compared.
Development of hand-cleaning service-oriented autonomous navigation robot

This paper proposes the development of an autonomous navigation robot with hand-cleaning service in indoor environments. To navigate in unknown environments and provide service, the robot is with several intelligent behaviors including wall-following, obstacle avoidance, autonomous navigation, and human detection. A laser-sensor-based approach is used in the wall-following and obstacle avoidance behavior controllers. A preliminary map-matching algorithm is applied in the localization strategy of autonomous navigation in which the robot can acquire the current location and then move toward to the target position. In this study a hand-cleaning mechanism is embedded into the robot and the service will activate while a human is recognized within the designated range. The overall robotic system is carried out using a two-wheeled driving mobile robot with LabVIEW as an integration tool. The experimental results demonstrate the practicable application of the proposed approach.
Premature Induction of Labor with Dilinoleyl Lecithin in Rabbits

Extract: Dilinoleyl lecithin (DLL), identified as a component of a crude mixture of soya bean phospholipids (SBP), was obtained in highly pure form by synthesis. The DLL was administered to 25-day pregnant rabbits in doses of 1.0 and 2.0 g/rabbit. One unit of oxytocin was administered intramuscularly 24, 48, and 49 hr after infusion, and the rabbits were observed for abortion. The abortion rate after the 1.0-g dose of DLL was 56.9 ± 6.9% and that after the 2.0-g dose was 100.0 ± 0%; the rate in controls was 2.6 ± 2.6%. Speculation: Dilinoleyl lecithin, a biochemically defined component of SBP, was found to be capable of reproducing the biologic activity of SBP in prematurely sensitizing the pregnant rabbit uterus to oxytocin. The mode of action of both DLL and SBP is unknown, but two possibilities appear likely: (1) the linoleic acid (or, for SBP, perhaps other “essential” fatty acids as well) available from lecithin is converted to a prostaglandin, which in turn sensitizes the rabbit uterus to oxytocin or (2) DLL in some way reduces the amount of progesterone available to maintain the pregnancy. The latter possibility does not necessarily exclude the former, inasmuch as certain prostaglandins are known to be luteolytic.
Judgment-Rationale Inconsistency In The U.S. Supreme Court

States exercise authority over citizens’ lives and property through the judicial system. In principle, judicial bodies ought to justify this responsibility by providing consistent rationales for their judgments. Consistency means that the outcome of a dispute is supported by reasoning which itself is supported by a majority of judges on a collegial court. Yet without strong assumptions, collective decision making in collegial courts and other bodies is susceptible to inconsistency. Resolving fundamental questions of life, liberty, and property in an inconsistent manner lacks legitimacy due to the lack of reasons given for the exercise of authority. Further, the fractured reasoning of these decisions means that lower courts bound by precedent to follow an inconsistent decision may struggle to determine which rationale or legal rule to apply and thus decide cases inconsistently themselves, cascading the weakening of legitimacy through the legal system. Despite the gravity of these potential consequences, the severity of the problem of judgmentrationale inconsistency is unknown. To remedy this lack of knowledge, I undertake a systematic study of inconsistency, focusing on the United States Supreme Court. I analyze the properties of inconsistent decisions, explore the impact of inconsistency on the lower federal courts, and investigate the frequency of inconsistency over time. My analysis advances knowledge about the Supreme Court and social choice theory in several ways. First, the investigation of the case-level correlates of inconsistency shows that the strongest form of inconsistency, the discursive dilemma, arises with unsettling frequency in politically salient cases and in exercises of judicial review over Congress. Second, an analysis of Supreme Court precedent showed that
Selecting IT Control Objectives and Measuring IT Control Capital

COBIT is a well-known framework for IT governance, and provides an extensive list of control objectives for IT managers. However, anecdotal evidence shows that many organizations that use COBIT do not implement the entire framework. Instead, they focus their efforts on only some of COBIT’s control objectives. We argue that this could be due to the bounded rationality of IT managers, which affects their ability to assess the outcomes of control, and the diminishing returns from implementing controls, because of enforcement costs incurred to control shirking. Managers would thus find it useful if the various control objectives could be ranked, so that they could prioritize their efforts. We use network analysis to identify the most central control objectives in COBIT. We also discuss the development of a measure of “control capital” to capture the level of control an organization achieves after implementing a particular set of controls. Future research will test the empirical validity of this measure.
Continuous process auditing (CPA): An audit rule ontology based approach to audit-as-a-service

The emerging growth and evolution of web based systems and services make the job of audit professionals a complicated and time-consuming one for many enterprises. In this context, continuous process auditing (CPA) systems in the form of audit-as-a-service (AaaS) emerges as an inexpensive and effective approach. A CPA system helps to satisfy process auditing needs and recommendations in the context of distributed enterprise systems while requiring fewer resources and enabling processes to be audited continuously in real-time. We present a conceptual system architecture for Continuous Process Auditing (CPA) based on domain ontologies, audit rules, knowledge learning techniques and audit report recommendation procedures. This approach provides a representation of a CPA system for a process based e-commerce platform, offering customizable audit rule based solutions for audit professionals, system administrators and senior decision makers.
PENERAPAN DATA MINING DALAM MENGANALISA PEMBERIAN PINJAMANA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ALGORITMA C5.0 (STUDI KASUS : KOPERASI JASA KEUANGAN SYARIAH KELURAHAN LAMBUNG BUKIK)

Banyaknya pengajuan kredit oleh masyarakat untuk pendanaan usaha maka diperlukan suatu analisa dari pengajuan kredit tersebut. Untuk menganalisa kredit tersebut diperlukan suatu metode data mining dalam pemberian pinjaman salah satunya algoritma C5.0. Algoritma C5.0 digunakan untuk memberikan keputusan dalam pengajuan kredit agar pihak koperasi jasa keuangan syariah dengan cepat menganalisa pengajuan kredit oleh anggota koperasi tersebut.
Asset Pricing With Heterogenous Beliefs in a Two Trees Setting

This paper studies the stock price formation in a pure-exchange economy populated by investors who disagree on the expected dividend growth rates. The homogenous beliefs equilibrium model of Cochrane, Longstaff, and Santa-Clara (2005) is extended to allow for belief heterogeneity, and the equilibrium is characterized. Stock prices and the volatility structure is expressed as conditional expectations, which can be solved numerically with Monte-Carlo simulations. The equilibrium is solved for in three stylized examples. First, confidence in the numerical scheme is obtained by replicating the results of Cochrane et al. (2005). Then, parameter uncertainty (but homogenous beliefs) is introduced and is found to decrease (increase) expected rates of return of the asset that constitutes less (more) of the market portfolio. Return volatilities increase and return correlation decreases as a consequence of parameter uncertainty. Finally, belief heterogeneity is found to complicate the economy even further, the effect being most profound for the return volatility and correlation structures.
Sex-specific Differences in Cardiac Control and Haematology of Sockeye Salmon 1 ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) Approaching Their Spawning Grounds . 2 3

Sex-specific Differences in Cardiac Control and Haematology of Sockeye Salmon 1 (Oncorhynchus nerka) Approaching Their Spawning Grounds. 2 3 Erik Sandblom *, Timothy D. Clark, Scott G. Hinch and Anthony P. Farrell 4 4 5 6 1 Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 7 Canada, V6T 1Z4 8 2 Department of Zoology, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, S-405 30, 9 Gothenburg, Sweden 10 3 Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 11 Canada, V6T 1Z4 12 4 Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 13 1Z4 14 15 * Corresponding author: erik.sandblom@zool.gu. se 16 17 Running head: Cardiovascular sex-differences in sockeye salmon 18 19
Microfluidic chip fabrication for silicon mold insert by micro hot embossing

This study uses the microfluidic chip as an example to discuss its properties using silicon mold insert by micro hot embossing molding. This study uses the lithography technology to fabricate the silicon mold insert. In this study, the authors use the Taguchi method (L9 table) to discuss the different processing parameters for the properties of molded microfluidic chip. The results show that the most important parameter is the embossing temperature for replication properties of molded microfluidic chip and the de-molding temperature is most important parameter for surface roughness for molded microfluidic chip.
Clinical relevance of internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene in childhood acute myeloid leukemia

Recently, an internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene (FLT3/ITD) was found in approximately 20% of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases and associated with a poor outcome. However, there are few studies on FLT3/ITD in childhood AML, and the clinical significance of FLT3/ITD is thus unclear.
Antibody reaction patterns in first trimester placenta: implications for trophoblast isolation and purity screening.

The aim of this immunohistochemical and cytochemical study was to select specific antibodies to establish an efficient purification protocol for first trimester trophoblast and for subsequent purity screening of isolated trophoblast cells. The reactivity of antibodies to various cytokeratin filaments, glycoprotein CD9, fibroblast specific antigen (FSA), common leukocyte antigen CD45RB and macrophage antigens CD163, CD68 and CD14 were studied on cryosections of placental tissue. Among the cytokeratins tested, cytokeratin 7 was the only keratin filament type, which was not expressed in placental mesenchymal cells, but in all trophoblast subpopulations. Since anti-CD9, in addition to mesenchymal cells, also strongly labels extravillous cytotrophoblast cells, whereas the antibody to FSA only reacts with mesenchymal cells, anti-FSA is suitable as a depletion antibody for mesenchymal cells. Among the macrophage markers anti-CD163 was the most specific for Hofbauer cells. CD45RB was expressed on maternal and fetal leukocytes as well as on Hofbauer cells. Isolated first trimester placental cell preparations that have been collected from a density gradient contained up to 45 per cent non-trophoblast cells. Immunocytochemistry using antibodies to CK7, FSA, vimentin, CD45RB and CD163 demonstrated that subsequent immunodepletion with antibodies to CD45RB and FSA increased the purity of the trophoblast preparation to greater than 98 per cent. According to this study trophoblasts from first trimester placentae should be identified by cytokeratin antibodies specific for the isoform 7. Purification of isolated trophoblasts by density gradient alone does not result in a sufficient degree of purity.
Regulation of Facilitative Glucose Transporters and AKT/MAPK/PRKAA Signaling via Estradiol and Progesterone in the Mouse Uterine Epithelium1

Abstract Adequate uterine glucose metabolism is an essential part of embryo implantation and the development of an adequate utero-fetal environment. However, expression of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs [solute transporter family SLC2A]) and AKT/MAPK/PRKAA (PRKAA) signaling has not been described in the mouse uterine cells, to our knowledge. The objective of this study was to determine the hormonal regulation of SLC2A protein expression and AKT/MAPK/PRKAA signaling in the mouse uterine epithelial cells during estrous cycles and peri-implantation periods. SLC2As 1, 4, 8, and 9B were highly expressed in the luminal and glandular epithelia of estrous stage. In metestrous and diestrous stages, expression of SLC2As 1, 4, 8, and 9B was lower than that in proestrous stage. Levels of activated phospho-AKT (p-AKT), p-MAPK3, and p-MAPK1 also varied during the estrous cycle. Estrogen and progesterone injection in an ovariectomized mouse (delayed implantation model) resulted in a decrease and an increase, respectively, in expression of GLUTs in the luminal epithelial cells of the uterus. The expression of SLC2A1, SLC2A8, SLC2A9B, p-AKT, p-MAPK3/1, and p-PRKAA was increased in the decidual region of the implantation sites and was significantly increased in the uterus of activated implantation. Using an artificial decidualization mouse model, it was also demonstrated that expression of the same GLUTs, p-MAPK3/1, and p-PRKAA was dramatically higher in the decidualized uteri than that in the control uteri. These results suggest that steroid hormones regulate expression of uterine epithelial GLUTs possibly through AKT/MAPK/PRKAA signaling pathways and that glucose utilization may have an important role in decidualization and possibly in the maintenance of pregnancy.
Corruption, Endogenous Fertility, and Growth

While much research in economic development has pointed out the negative impact of corruption on growth, less research has been devoted to studying the relationship between corruption and demographic transition. This theme is developed into an overlapping generation model in which corruption affects fertility decisions through its negative impact on physical capital formation and its productivity. The analysis indicates that, when the level of corruption is high, the productivity of capital is low and fertility is excessively high because of the relatively low cost of raising children. Theoretical and empirical results show that, in both developed and developing countries, corruption creates distortions and leads to low-equilibrium traps. Introducing child quality into the model accelerates the pace of demographic transition and produces effects similar to reducing the level of corruption. Empirical estimates confirm the predictions of the model and support the proposition that fertility declines in less corrupt countries.
'We, not them and us?' Views on the relationships and interactions between staff and relatives of older people permanently living in nursing homes.

'We, not them and us? ' Views on the relationships and interactions between staff and relatives of older people permanently living in nursing homes This study describes relatives' and staffs' experiences of each other in their relationships and interactions in connection with the care of old people with dementia living in nursing homes. The aim was to identify obstacles and promoters concerning these interactions. A qualitative method was used. Data were collected from 27 hours of observations of group discussions about relatives' and staffs' communication, interactions and experiences. Three different groups, with eight participants, relatives, staff and a group leader in each, met six times during a period of 3 months. Findings indicate that the experiences that relatives and staff have of each other are related to issues about influence, participation, trust and measures to avoid conflicts. These conclusions build on concrete descriptions about care, activities, competence, communication and visits given by research participants. Experiences of situations were sometimes contradictory between relatives and staff. This implies that the potential for cooperation between relatives and staff in care of the elderly is not fully utilized. Suggestions for enhancing the relationships between relatives and staff are: pre-planned informal, individual conversations between relatives and staff; development of ways to give regular two-way feedback about matters concerning the resident and the relationship between staff and relatives; giving staff credit for measures taken to facilitate relatives' involvement in the nursing home care; measures to improve documentation about families' involvement; and working together with minor practical tasks.