Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Age-Related Susceptibility of Young Mice To Oral Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection Using an In Vivo Murine Model

Neonates and young children are acutely susceptible to infections by gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium). To reveal age-related differences in susceptibility to this pathogen, we used in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to monitor the progression of infection in neonatal (1-wk-old), suckling (2-wk-old), juvenile (4-wk-old), and adult (6-wk-old) BALB/c mice. Mice were orally infected with various doses of a bioluminescent-labeled wild-type or mutant S. typhimurium strain, and progression of infection was monitored by BLI for 2 wks. We found that neonatal and suckling mice were more susceptible to the wild-type strain at inoculum sizes 4 and 2 log10's lower for neonatal and suckling mice, respectively, than those for adult mice. At the lower inocula, newborn mice showed disseminated systemic infection as indicated by the pattern of photon emission assessed by BLI, whereas no bioluminescent signals were detectable in adult mice. In addition, an orgA− mutant strain of S. typhimurium with reduced virulence in adult mice produced systemic infection in newborn, suckling, and juvenile mice. Furthermore, as low as 3 log10 CFU could be detected by BLI in tissue. The present study demonstrates that susceptibility to S. typhimurium infection decreases with age. Also, we established that BLI can be used to monitor the progression of infection in mice. Thus, this model of age-related susceptibility to S. typhimurium using BLI can be used to advance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in newborn susceptibility to infection.
“First do no harm.” A systematic review of the prevalence and management of antipsychotic adverse effects

Aims: We aim to identify the prevalence and management strategies of nine clinically important categories of antipsychotic adverse effects, namely: extrapyramidal symptoms; sedation; weight gain; type II diabetes; hyperprolactinaemia; metabolic syndrome, dyslipidaemia; sexual dysfunction; and cardiovascular effects. Background: Antipsychotic drugs are widely prescribed for schizophrenia and other mental disorders. The adverse effects of antipsychotics are common, with a potential negative impact on adherence and engagement. Despite this, the scientific study of the prevalence or management of adverse antipsychotic effects is a neglected area. Method: A systematic review was undertaken using pre-defined search criteria and three databases, with hand searching of citations and references. Inclusion was agreed on by two independent researchers after review of abstracts or full text. Quality analysis of included studies was conducted using pre-agreed criteria. Results: In total, 53 studies met inclusion criteria, revealing the following: (1) antipsychotic polypharmacy was associated with increased frequency of adverse effects, and (2) a longer duration of treatment is associated with greater severity (e.g. higher BMI); (3) clozapine was more strongly associated with metabolic disturbance than other antipsychotics in three studies and olanzapine was associated with the most weight gain in three studies; (4) hyperprolactinaemia was more common in women than men, but 50% men noted sexual dysfunction versus 25–50% in women; (5) despite clinical guideline recommendations there is a low rate of baseline testing for lipids and glucose; and (6) seven studies described adverse effect management strategies, but only two examined their efficacy – one found a significant reduction in weight with non-pharmacological group therapy and the other found a significant reduction in dyslipidaemia with statins. Conclusions: Antipsychotic adverse effects are diverse and frequently experienced, but are not often systematically assessed. There is a need for further scientific study concerning the management of these side effects.
Intelligent Access to Digital Video: Informedia Project

Carnegie Mellon's Informedia Digital Video Library project will establish a large, on-line digital video library featuring full-content and knowledge-based search and retrieval. Intelligent, automatic mechanisms will be developed to populate the library. Search and retrieval from digital video, audio, and text libraries will take place via desktop computer over local, metropolitan, and wide-area networks. The project's approach applies several techniques for content-based searching and video-sequence retrieval. Content is conveyed in both the narrative (speech and language) and the image. Only by the collaborative interaction of image, speech, and natural language understanding technology is it possible to successfully populate, segment, index, and search diverse video collections with satisfactory recall and precision. This collaborative interaction approach uniquely compensates for problems of interpretation and search in error-ridden and ambiguous data sets. The authors have focused the work on two corpuses. One is science documentaries and lectures, the other is broadcast news content with partial closed-captions. Further work will continue to improve the accuracy and performance of the underlying processing as well as explore performance issues related to Web-based access and interoperability with other digital video resources.
Partial and Full PCR-Based Reverse Genetics Strategy for Influenza Viruses

Since 1999, plasmid-based reverse genetics (RG) systems have revolutionized the way influenza viruses are studied. However, it is not unusual to encounter cloning difficulties for one or more influenza genes while attempting to recover virus de novo. To overcome some of these shortcomings we sought to develop partial or full plasmid-free RG systems. The influenza gene of choice is assembled into a RG competent unit by virtue of overlapping PCR reactions containing a cDNA copy of the viral gene segment under the control of RNA polymerase I promoter (pol1) and termination (t1) signals – herein referred to as Flu PCR amplicons. Transfection of tissue culture cells with either HA or NA Flu PCR amplicons and 7 plasmids encoding the remaining influenza RG units, resulted in efficient virus rescue. Likewise, transfections including both HA and NA Flu PCR amplicons and 6 RG plasmids also resulted in efficient virus rescue. In addition, influenza viruses were recovered from a full set of Flu PCR amplicons without the use of plasmids.
Methodology and operation for extraction of Chinese segmentation units

Chinese is written with the character of no space or other word delimiters. Chinese word segmentation (CWS) is the first step for Chinese language processing. Generally, words and fixed phrases(idioms, named entity) can be tagged successfully. However, besides words and fixed phrases, segmentation units should be tagged too. In the segmentation specification written by Liu Yuan, segmentation units are defined as “integrated closely and used steadily” phrases. There is no explicit definition to judge whether a phrase is integrated closely and used steadily or not, and no operable method to extract segmentation units till now. This paper puts forwards the principle to evaluate whether a phrase meets the standard of close integration and steady usage first, and then brings forward a detailed method to extract segmentation unit. We use a hybrid method to do the extraction task, which includs calculation of frequency, mutual information, entropy, and linguistic information of both syntactic rules and semantic explaination. We extract segmentation units in the frame of multi-features and do manual evaluation. Experiment shows that the approach is effective. Our job can provide a desirable list of segmentation units for NLP implication.
Finding Maximum Margin Segments in Speech

Maximum margin clustering (MMC) is a relatively new and promising kernel method. In this paper, we apply MMC to the task of unsupervised speech segmentation. We present three automatic speech segmentation methods based on MMC, which are tested on TIMIT and evaluated on the level of phoneme boundary detection. The results show that MMC is highly competitive with existing unsupervised methods for the automatic detection of phoneme boundaries. Furthermore, initial analyses show that MMC is a promising method for the automatic detection of sub-phonetic information in the speech signal.
CLUSTERING AND FEATURE SPECIFIC SENTENCE EXTRACTION BASED SUMMARIZATION OF MULTIPLE DOCUMENTS

This paper presents an approach to cluster multiple documents by using document clustering approach and to produce cluster wise summary based on feature profile oriented sentence extraction strategy. Related documents are grouped into same cluster using document clustering algorithm. Feature profile is generated by considering word weight, sentence position, sentence length, sentence centrality, proper nouns in the sentence and numerical data in the sentence. Based on the feature profile sentence score is calculated for each sentence. According to different compression rates sentences are extracted from each cluster and ranked in order of importance based on sentence score. Extracted sentences are arranged in chronological order as in original documents and from this, cluster wise summary can be generated. Experimental results show that the proposed clustering algorithm is efficient and feature profile is used to extract most important sentences from multiple documents.
Why is sliding mode control methodology needed for power converters?

A review of the state of the art in the sliding-mode control of DC-to-DC switching converters is presented. The method of the equivalent control is illustrated in the design of a two-loop control for the voltage regulation of a buck-boost converter. The theoretical predictions are validated by means of PSIM simulations. Prospective applications of the method reported are also discussed.
Utility Theory and Structural Analysis. Essays in the History of Swedish Economic Thought.

The first paper in this study is "Cassel and Revealed Preference Theory. " The background to the paper is the general agreement that P. Samuelson originated the revealed preference theory of consumer behaviuor in 1938, but that there has not been such unanimous consent regarding possible precursors of the theory. Among those pointed to as predecessors is Cassel. This claim is, however, not so easy to establish. I evaluate the pros and cons of considering Cassel a forerunner of revealed preference theoryThe second paper is "Wicksell on Harmony Economics: The Lausanne School vs. Wicksell. " It depicts the evolution of Wicksell's critique of the Lausanne School version of harmony economics. The paper shows that the difference of ideas hinged to a large extent on contrary views of the possibilities of making interpersonal comparisons of utility and dissimilar general social and political philosophies. It also shows that Wicksell was correct in criticizing Walras and Pareto for making unsubstantiated claims about the properties and outcomes of free competition.The third paper is "Myrdal's Immanent Critique of Utility Theory. " During the time-period when Gunnar Myrdal still considered himself a 'pure economic theorist', one of his main interests was to criticize utility theory. The paper, partly based on some previously unpublished material, describes and posits this critique.The fourth paper, "The Structural Analytical Tradition In Swedish Economics," is the first more thorough study and analysis of the structure-theoretical tradition in Swedish economics. Since the 1970s, comprehensive research on the structural features of the economy has been conducted in Lund. Reference is often made to Knut Wicksell and to the forerunners of the so-called Lund School, mainly Johan Akerman, Erik Dahmen and Ingvar Svennilson. The article is an attempt to portrait these power sources of the structure analytical school. The paper also presents the work now being done within the tradition in Lund and elsewhere in Sweden. (Less)
Minimizing Torque Ripple of Highly Saturated Salient Pole Synchronous Machines by Applying DB-DTFC

Deadbeat-direct torque and flux control is a flux-observer-based high-bandwidth digital closed-loop torque control law that achieves the commanded torque at the end of each switching period. When flux estimation is accurate, instantaneous torque is fed back and undesirable pulsating torque is inherently minimized. This study presents real-time flux-observer-based torque ripple estimation of a highly nonlinear synchronous reluctance machine. Saturation and cross saturation are incorporated directly into the control law, and are considered in each switching period. Deadbeat torque response and torque ripple reduction is demonstrated experimentally. Finite element method simulations validate the torque ripple minimization.
Targeted idiotype‐fusion DNA vaccines for human multiple myeloma: preclinical testing

Objectives: A homodimeric fusion DNA vaccine targeting idiotype (Id) to antigen‐presenting cells (APC) induced robust tumor protection in a mouse model of multiple myeloma (MM). Similar Id vaccine molecules were generated for four patients with MM with three main objectives: (i) do the vaccine molecules induce bona fide anti‐Id immune responses in mice? (ii) does targeting of the vaccine molecules to APC enhance immune responses? (iii) can anti‐Id antibodies, generated as by‐product in vaccinated mice, be used to establish sensitive assays for complete remission (CR) prior to patient vaccination?
Neural dynamics of form perception: boundary completion, illusory figures, and neon color spreading.

Abstract A real-time visual processing theory is used to analyse real and illusory contour formation, contour and brightness interactions, neon color spreading, complementary color induction, and filling-in of discounted illuminants and scotomas. The theory also physically interprets and generalizes Land's retinex theory. These phenomena are traced to adaptive processes that overcome limitations of visual uptake to synthesize informative visual representations of the external world. Two parallel contour sensitive processes interact to generate the theory's brightness, color, and form estimates. A boundary contour process is sensitive to orientation and amount of contrast but not to direction of contrast in scenic edges. It synthesizes boundaries sensitive to the global configuration of scenic elements. A feature contour process is insensitive to orientation but sensitive to both amount of contrast and to direction of contrast in scenic edges. It triggers a diffusive filling-in of featural quality within perceptual domains whose boundaries are determined by completed boundary contours. The boundary contour process is hypothesized to include cortical interactions initiated by hypercolumns in Area 17 of the visual cortex. The feature contour process is hypothesized to include cortical interactions initiated by the cytochrome oxydase staining blobs in Area 17. Relevant data from striate and prestriate visual cortex, including data that support two predictions, are reviewed. Implications for other perceptual theories and axioms of geometry are discussed.
Use of cell type‐specific transcriptome to identify genes specifically involved in Müller glia differentiation during retinal development

Retinal progenitor cells alter their properties over the course of development, and sequentially produce different sub‐populations of retinal cells. We had previously found that early and late retinal progenitor cell populations can be distinguished by their surface antigens, SSEA‐1 and c‐kit, respectively. Using DNA microarray analysis, we examined the transcriptomes of SSEA‐1 positive cells at E14, and c‐kit positive, and c‐kit negative cells at P1. By comparing data, we identified genes specifically expressed in c‐kit positive late retinal progenitor cells. The previous literature suggests that most of the c‐kit positive cell‐specific genes are related to glia differentiation in brain or are expressed in Müller glia. Since Notch signaling promotes Müller glia differentiation in retina, we examined the effects of gain‐ and loss‐of‐Notch signaling on expression of these genes and found that all the genes were positively affected by Notch signaling. Finally, we screened the genes for their function in retinal development by shRNA‐based suppression in retinal explants. In about half the genes, Müller glia differentiation was perturbed when their expression was suppressed. Taken together, these results show that at P1, c‐kit positive retinal progenitor cells, which include Müller glia precursor cells, are enriched for genes related to glial differentiation. We propose analysis of purified subsets of retinal cells as a powerful tool to elucidate the molecular basis of retinal development. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 426–437, 2014
Systemic targeting of primary bone tumor and lung metastasis of high-grade osteosarcoma in nude mice with a tumor-selective strain of Salmonella typhymurium

We report here a new targeting strategy for primary bone tumor and lung metastasis with a modified auxotrophic strain of Salmonella typhimurium. We have previously developed the genetically-modified strain of S. typhimurium, selected for tumor targeting and therapy in vivo. Normal tissue is cleared of these bacteria even in immunodeficient athymic mice with no apparent side effects. In this study, the tumor-targeting strain of S. typhimurium, termed A1-R, was administered i.v. to nude mice which have primary bone tumor and lung metastasis. Primary bone tumor was obtained by orthotopic intratibial injection of 5 x 105 143B-RFP (red fluorescent protein) human osteosarcoma cells. One group of mice was treated with A1-R expressing GFP (green fluorescent protein) and another group was used a as control. A1-R (5 x 107 colony-forming units) was injected in the tail vein three times on weekly basis. On day 28, lung samples were excised and observed with the Olympus OV100 Small Animal Imaging System. The size of the primary tumor and RFP intensity of lung metastasis were measured. Primary bone tumor size (fluorescence area [mm2]) was 232 ± 70 in the untreated group and 95 ± 23 in the treated group (P
Self-interaction in Green ’ s-function theory of the hydrogen atom

– A pressure-induced simultaneous metal-insulator transition (MIT) and structuralphase transformation (from the B1 to B2 phase) in lithium hydride with about 1.3% volume collapse has been predicted by means of the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) in conjunction with an all-electron GW approximation method. The local-density approximation (LDA) wrongly predicts that the MIT occurs before the structural phase transition, whereas the GGA predicts the correct transition but with a very small band gap of the B1 phase at the transition. It is also shown that only the use of the GGA together with the zero-point vibration produces an equilibrium lattice parameter, bulk modulus, and an equation of state that are in excellent agreement with experiment. Lithium hydride is probably the simplest compound that exists: a strongly ionic crystal with four electrons per unit cell and crystallizing in the rocksalt structure, the so-called B1 phase. Despite this simplicity, LiH and its isotopes are attractive for the study of solid-state properties, e.g., electronic structure, lattice vibration, and defect properties. In addition, possible technological applications have motivated extensive studies in the past, as reviewed by Islam [1]. In particular, the metal-insulator transition (MIT) has been studied by several groups [1–8]. In few alkali hydrides a structural phase transition (PT) from the B1 phase to the B2 (CsCl structure) phase was determined experimentally [1, 7] and theoretically [8–10] within the local-density approximation. It has been only recently that LiH was found to exhibit the same type of PT but at a much higher pressure [9]. Despite this extensive study, we believe, as will be shown later, that this PT is not well understood. The purpose of this letter is then to present results improving the current understanding of the electronic structure
On the performance evaluation of MIMO-SCMA systems

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is an emerging technology that is paving its way into wireless communication systems. Massive MIMO consists of tens or hundreds of antennas, which will result in an increase in capacity, reliability and performance. However, massive MIMO is facing many obstacles in terms of complexity due to the large number of antennas. In this paper, sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is introduced in MIMO systems. The interests of MIMO- SCMA resides in the need of lower number of antennas while preserving the system capacity thanks to the overload in SCMA. In this paper the performance of this system is studied in terms of throughput and both coded and uncoded bit error rate (BER).
GENDERED AND CLASS RELATIONS OF OBESITY

Rising attention to the ‘social determinants of health’ puts questions of gender and class squarely on the public health agenda. Most health outcomes and health risk factors are inversely correlated with social class: people with better education, better jobs and higher incomes typically enjoy better health. By comparison, gender differences in health are quite variable, depending on the health outcome or risk of interest. Furthermore, the distribution of any given risk factor tends to vary from society to society, from time to time, and between specific sub-populations. Public health research rarely considers class and gender together. In this paper we summarise and problematise the interplay between gender and class in empirical research on the ‘problem’ of obesity. We suggest that some of the difficulties in explaining research findings arise from limitations in the evidence base used to measure obesity, conceptual ‘slippage’ between key terms like gender and sex, and an erasure of social class from academic language. It is via an examination of these issues that underpin current obesity research that we offer more innovative and effective ways to approach the underlying theoretical and health promotion problems. Nevertheless, we acknowledge the considerable practical and intellectual challenges of analysing and reporting social determinants like gender and class in an environment that demands certain kinds of scientific evidence.
Interaction of media, cognition and learning

Contents: R.E. Snow, Foreword. H. Gardner, Foreword. Preface. The Author. Reexamining Educational Research and Conceptions of Media. Characteristics of Symbol Systems. Relationships of Symbol Systems to Cognition. Differential Uses of Mental Skills for Learning. Cultivation of Mental Skills through Symbolic Forms. Impact of Films Designed to Cultivate Mental Skills. Effects of "Sesame Street" on Television-Naive Children. Cross-Cultural Cognitive Effects of Television Exposure. Interaction of Media, Cognition, and Learning: Summary and Reflections.
HBLED driving strategy with reduced storage capacitor based on load modularization

As one of the major advantages of High-brightness LED (HBLED) is their lifetime, electronic equipment used in power conditioning for HBLED should avoid some technologies as electrolytic capacitors that reduce significantly the operation lifetime. In this paper, a new strategy to drive HBLED from the AC mains is explored in order to reduce the required energy storage, while keeping a reduced level of current harmonic injection. It is based on splitting the load in several parts or modules and the phase shifted operation of these modules. As a result, the required energy storage is dramatically reduced, and bulk electrolytic capacitors can be removed. The theoretical principle of operation has been validated through a proof of concept prototype.