Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unravel the Drivers of Online Sharing Communities: An Empirical Investigation

Recently user-oriented online sharing communities have seen explosive growth. Two characteristics of these communities set them apart from traditional online message-based communities such as online forums. First, users have no social ties before joining the community. Second, there is little or no "verbal" communication between users. This research investigates the structure and dynamics of online sharing communities using data collected from an IRC music channel from 2001 to 2006, covering all five years of the post-Napster age. We have collected more than three hundred million individual activities, capturing 0.05% of the global music sharing volume. We find that sharers are an essential part of the community and their activities have a dominant impact on the growth of the community. By contrast, free riders have two opposite impacts on sharer retention. More free riders in number make it more likely for a sharer to keep sharing, while more free rider activities discourage sharers from contributing. That is, the existence of free riders, despite the congestion caused by their download activities, does to some degree stabilize the community. Most previous literature examines the online community only from the aggregate level. Our study, nevertheless, distinguish the influence and behavior of different members in the community. Instead of paying only attention to the total number of users, our results suggest that understanding the impact of their core members is critical in investigating the dynamics and the sustainability of online sharing communities.
Stable isotopes in subtidal food webs: Have enriched carbon ratios in benthic consumers been misinterpreted?

We examined the hypothesis that the δ13C of benthic consumers is depleted in offshore, deeper waters where kelp and benthic microalgae are absent by conducting three analyses: (1) we analyzed δ13C (and δ15N) of consumers along a nearshore‐offshore gradient in the field, (2) we analyzed δ13C (and δ15N) of consumers placed in cages at various depths and distances from shore, and (3) we reexamined published stable isotope values for consumers taken at various depths from studies around the world. In all three situations, we did not observe the predicted change in δ13C values of benthic consumers. In both the literature and in our field measurements, the δ13C values for consumers were on average separated from the values for suspended particulate organic matter by 4%, irrespective of depth, indicating that factors other than the feeding on 13C‐rich benthic primary producers may explain the enriched carbon ratios in benthic consumers (e.g., selective feeding on enriched particles). The hypothesis that the high δ13C ratio in suspension and deposit feeders reflects feeding on benthic primary producers is thus tenuous and requires further investigation.
A mapping study on empirical evidence related to the models and forms used in the uml

Context: Although the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is now widely used, there is little empirical knowledge about the effectiveness of its different elements. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review of the literature describing empirical studies of this paradigm. Method: We undertook a Mapping Study of the literature, based upon electronic searching of major digital libraries. Results: 33 papers have been identified and classified by topic, form of study involved, and type of publication. Conclusions: The largest group of empirical studies of the UML concentrate on comprehension, and many key aspects have hardly been investigated at all.
EM Interaction between a 5 GHz Band Antenna Mounted PC and a Realistic Human Body Model

A sub-grid finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was applied to analyze electromagnetic (EM) interaction between a 5 GH band antenna mounted laptop personal computer (PC) and a human body model in realistic use situations. The investigated situations were a typing and a non-typing PC users, who were simulated with a realistic whole body or half body model. It was found that the body proximity effect was mainly blocking the radiation up to 20 dB towards the body side, and the hands on the keyboard were mainly blocking the radiation up to 10 dB towards the direction at an angle to the head. It was also found that the highest EM absorption in the typing and non-typing situations occurred in the hand and in the chest, respectively, and the hands on the keyboard had a significantly blocking effect for the SAR spread to the head region. The peak SAR levels were low enough compared to the safety guidelines.
Literacy pedagogy and computer technologies: Toward solving the puzzle of current and future classroom practices

This paper explores how educators can negotiate the push and pull of traditional and new literacies by valuing both, and by crafting computer related activities that follow well grounded and theoretically based guidelines. The paper addresses the following questions: What are new literacies? How do our values surface as we experience the push of new literacies and the pull of traditional literacy? What theoretical perspective undergirds notions of effective pedagogy for both traditional and new literacies? How do computer technologies support students' traditional literacy development? Why do new literacies require instructional transformations?
The Keys to Rethinking Corporate Philanthropy

Many companies conduct their charitable activities without a cohesive philanthropic strategy. As a result, the authors argue, companies often not only fail to achieve significant impact on society through their philanthropy but also miss opportunities to achieve strategic benefits for the organization. Drawing on research into a number of companies? experiences, the authors describe four types of corporate philanthropy. Some companies focus primarily on the needs of stakeholders, such as communities in or near where the firm operates; these companies conduct philanthropic initiatives that are often unrelated to their core business competencies. The authors call this peripheral philanthropy. Meanwhile, other companies focus more on using the corporation? s unique skills and competencies than on important stakeholder needs ? and as a result may end up with an internally focused approach that the authors dub constricted philanthropy. In some cases, often those involving corporate donations, corporate charitable activities are conducted without much overarching coordination at all, a method the authors call dispersed philanthropy. The authors maintain that the most effective approach to corporate philanthropy is one that incorporates both the needs of external stakeholders and the skills of the donor corporation. They call this strategic philanthropy and cite IBM? s Reinventing Education initiative as a good example of strategic philanthropy in action.
Preprescription genotyping: not yet ready for prime time, but getting there.

here are few, if any, situations in medicine in which aclinician can predict with certainty an individual’sresponse to drug therapy. A host of factors canmodulate this response: concomitant disease or drug therapy,sex, age, ethnicity, or dysfunction of excretory organs, toname but a few. Even when we correct for changes antici-pated by such conditions, however, drug responses remainhighly variable. It is an appealing concept, and one to whichwe subscribe, that some portion of this variability—andperhaps a great portion in many cases—is attributable togenetic factors. An increasingly sophisticated view of thegenetic determinants of drug action in the context of complexdiseases now raises the realistic expectation that this possi-bility can be addressed.
Integrated capacity allocation policies for a production service system with two-class customers and items

In this paper, we address the capacity allocation rules for a production service system consisting of one flexible manufacturing facility and a service centre. The manufacturing facility produces two-type items in the first stage and a service centre serves two-class customers in the second stage. Each customer served by the service centre depletes one unit of dedicated item produced by the manufacturing facility. The manager must make production and service capacity allocation decisions at any time. We first formulate the optimal service capacity allocation problem as a Markov decision process and show the optimal service policy is an extension of the well-known optimal service scheduling policy for classical service system. We then develop several heuristic production scheduling policies when the service centre is regulated by the optimal scheduling policy. Numerical examples verify the effectiveness and efficiencies of the proposed heuristics.
Pallidal vs subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson disease.

BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus interna (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been reported to relieve motor symptoms and levodopa-induced dyskinesia in patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD). Although it has been suggested that stimulation of the STN may be superior to stimulation of the GPi, comparative trials are limited. OBJECTIVE To extend our randomized, blinded pilot comparison of the safety and efficacy of STN and GPi stimulation in patients with advanced PD. DESIGN This study represents the combined results from our previously published, randomized, blinded, parallel-group pilot study and additional patients enrolled in our single-center extension study. SETTING Oregon Health and Science University in Portland.Patients Twenty-three patients with idiopathic PD, levodopa-induced dyskinesia, and response fluctuations were randomized to implantation of bilateral GPi or STN stimulators. Patients and evaluating clinicians were blinded to stimulation site. All patients were tested preoperatively while taking and not taking medications and after 3, 6, and 12 months of DBS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Postoperatively, response of symptoms to DBS, medication, and combined medication and DBS was evaluated. Twenty patients (10 in the GPi group and 10 in the STN group) completed 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Off-medication Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor scores were improved after 12 months of both GPi and STN stimulation (39% vs 48%). Bradykinesia tended to improve more with STN than GPi stimulation. No improvement in on-medication function was observed in either group. Levodopa dose was reduced by 38% in STN stimulation patients compared with 3% in GPi stimulation patients (P = .08). Dyskinesia was reduced by stimulation at both GPi and STN (89% vs 62%). Cognitive and behavioral complications were observed only in combination with STN stimulation. CONCLUSION Stimulation of either the GPi or STN improves many features of advanced PD. It is premature to exclude GPi as an appropriate target for DBS in patients with advanced disease.
Toward Operationalizing Macroprudential Policies: When to Act? Summary

3 chapter Summary O perationalizing macroprudential policies requires progress on a number of fronts: developing ways to monitor a risk buildup, choosing indicators to detect when risks are about to materialize , and designing and using macroprudential policy tools. Establishing these robust frameworks will be a lengthy process. Using a structural model and empirical evidence, the following analysis takes a solid step forward on each of the interrelated tasks. Detecting both the slow buildup and the sudden materialization in systemic risk is the key to implementing good macroprudential policies. These two phases require two different sets of indicators. Slow-moving leading indicators signal risks are building up in the financial system and propagating to the real economy through financial intermediaries. High-frequency market-based indicators predict an imminent unwinding of systemic risk and potentially provide information on the extent of interconnectedness of financial institutions and its possible consequences. This chapter uses a structural model with financial and real sector linkages to help policymakers understand the underpinnings of a systemic risk buildup. Empirical exercises further test the capabilities of indicators to predict financial crises and alert policymakers to the need for action. After identifying the buildup in systemic risk, policymakers will inevitably want to consider policies best suited to address the problem. The chapter illustrates how a countercyclical capital requirement would operate—with the accumulation of capital when risks are building and a drawdown of this capital buffer when high-frequency indicators are flashing an imminent crisis—as well as how it can be successful in cushioning the economy's real output during a crisis. The chapter provides a few practical guidelines for operationalizing macroprudential policies. • Movements in indicators for systemic risk buildup vary with the underlying root causes. Distinguishing " good " shocks (such as expected productivity gains) from " bad " shocks (asset price bubbles and lax lending standards) is important if policymakers are to avoid using macroprudential policies to squash healthy economic growth inappropriately. • Credit growth and asset price growth together form powerful signals of systemic risk buildup as early as two to four years in advance of crises. Other variables can also help. • Initial comparative analyses of high-frequency indicators suggest that those using a combination of the LIBOR-OIS spread and the yield curve could signal an imminent crisis and put policymakers on alert to execute contingency plans. • Macroprudential policy tools can be used across countries with different economic characteristics as …
A Novel Approach to Extracting Casing Status Features Using Data Mining

Casing coupling location signals provided by the magnetic localizer in retractors are typically used to ascertain the position of casing couplings in horizontal wells. However, the casing coupling location signal is usually submerged in noise, which will result in the failure of casing coupling detection under the harsh logging environment conditions. The limitation of Shannon wavelet time entropy, in the feature extraction of casing status, is presented by analyzing its application mechanism, and a corresponding improved algorithm is subsequently proposed. On the basis of wavelet transform, two derivative algorithms, singular values decomposition and Tsallis entropy theory, are proposed and their physics meanings are researched. Meanwhile, a novel data mining approach to extract casing status features with Tsallis wavelet singularity entropy is put forward in this paper. The theoretical analysis and experiment results indicate that the proposed approach can not only extract the casing coupling features accurately, but also identify the characteristics of perforation and local corrosion in casings. The innovation of the paper is in the use of simple wavelet entropy algorithms to extract the complex nonlinear logging signal features of a horizontal well tractor.
A tile selection algorithm for data locality and cache interference

Loop tiling is a well-known compiler transformation that increases data locality, exposes parallelism and reduces synchronization costs. Tiling increases the amount of data reuse that can be exploited by reordering the loop iterations so that accesses to the same data are closer together in time. However, tiled loops often suffer from cache interference in the direct-mapped or low-associativity caches typically found in state-of-the-art microprocessors. A solution to this problem is to choose a tile size that does not exhibit self interference. In this paper, we propose a new tile selection algorithm for eliminating self interference and simultaneously minimizing capacity and cross-interference misses. We have automated the algorithm in the SUIF compiler and used it to generate tiles for a range of problem sizes for three scientific computations. Our experimental results show that the algorithm consistently finds tiles that yield lower miss rates than existing tile selection algorithms.
Everything you would like to know about RSS feeds and you are afraid to ask

We are witnessing a widespread of web syndication technolo- gies such as RSS or Atom for a timely delivery of frequently updated Web content. Almost every personal weblog, news portal, or discussion forum employs nowadays RSS/Atom feeds for enhancing traditional pull-oriented searching and browsing of web pages with push-oriented protocols of web content. Social media applications such as Twitter or Facebook also employ RSS for notifying users about the newly available posts of their preferred friends (or followees). Unfortunately, previous works on RSS/Atom statistical characteristics do not provide a precise and up- dated characterization of feeds' behavior and content, characterization which can be used to successfully benchmark effectiveness and efficiency of various RSS/Atom processing/analysis techniques. In this paper, we present the first thorough analysis of three complementary features of real-scale RSS/Atom feeds, namely, publication activity, items structure and length, as well as, vocabulary of the textual content which we believe are crucial for Web 2.0 applications.
Twenty years of telemedicine in chronic disease management – an evidence synthesis

A literature review was conducted to obtain a high-level view of the value of telemedicine in the management of five common chronic diseases (asthma, COPD, diabetes, heart failure, hypertension). A total of 141 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was identified, in which 148 telemedicine interventions of various kinds had been tested in a total of 37,695 patients. The value of each intervention was categorised in terms of the outcomes specified by the investigators in that trial, i.e. no attempt was made to extract a common outcome from all studies, as would be required for a conventional meta-analysis. Summarizing the value of these interventions shows, first, that most studies have reported positive effects (n = 108), and almost none have reported negative effects (n = 2). This suggests publication bias. Second, there were no significant differences between the chronic diseases, i.e. telemedicine seems equally effective (or ineffective) in the diseases studied. Third, most studies have been relatively short-term (median duration 6 months). It seems unlikely that in a chronic disease, any intervention can have much effect unless applied for a long period. Finally, there have been very few studies of cost-effectiveness. Thus the evidence base for the value of telemedicine in managing chronic diseases is on the whole weak and contradictory.
A hybrid evolutionary algorithm for some discrete optimization problems

Discrete optimization methods are applied in time-dependent systems where there are problems of production management and job's scheduling. One can encounter such problems in preparing travel itineraries for tourists, in optimal ways (e.g. traveling salesman's way), schedule planning and in expert systems connected with taking optimal decisions. Many of these problems amount to determining optimal scheduling (permutation of some objects) and usually they are NP-hard. They have also irregular goal functions and very many local minima. Classic heuristic algorithms (tabu search, simulated annealing and genetic algorithm) quickly converge to some local minimum and diversification of the search process is difficult. In this paper we present a hybrid evolutionary algorithm for solving permutation optimization problems. It consists in testing feasible solutions, which are local minima.
A modified galactose network model with implications for growth

The yeast galactose network has provided many insights into how eukaryotic gene circuits regulate metabolic function. However, there is currently no consensus model of the network that incorporates protein dilution due to cellular growth. We address this by adapting a well-known model and having it account for growth benefit and burden due to expression of the network proteins. Modifying the model to incorporate galactose transport and basal Gal1p production allows us to better reproduce experimental observations. Incorporating the growth rate effect demonstrates how the native network can optimize growth in different galactose environments. These findings advance our quantitative understanding of this gene network, and implement a general approach for analysing the balance between growth costs and benefits in a range of metabolic control networks.
Visible and IR Data Fusion Technique Using the Contourlet Transform

In the last few years image fusion has gained considerable attention, where it can provide remarkable outputs for many image applications (\emph{i.e.}, detection of hidden objects). Images with different specifications (resolution, spectral, and spatial) can be fused to produce an output image that combines the best features of all input images. The quality of the output image varies based on the application. In this paper, a new region-based image fusion technique using the Contourlet Transform (CT) is proposed. The presented fusion approach combines the visual information from a visual colored image, and some information about the hidden objects from an IR image. The fused output image is better for human and machine interpretation, where it preserves the original chromaticity of the visual input image. The input images are segmented into small regions more suitable for the proposed algorithm. The segmentation process is performed in the frequency domain. The presented region-based fusion approach is more robust than the traditional pixel-based techniques, where it reduces: the blurring effects, sensitivity to the misregistration problem, and noise effects in the input images. Experimental results demonstrate the capability of the presented fusion technique in detecting hidden weapons and objects. Moreover, the algorithm preserves very high percentage of the input image's spectral components.
An efficient and reliable 1.5-way processor by fusion of space and time redundancies

Recently, many architectural level mechanisms such as dual or triple modular redundancies (DMR or TMR) have been included in high-end microprocessors to tolerate the continuously increasing electronic error rates along the process technology advancing direction. However, hardware in these space redundancy based systems is usually not well-balanced or it has been over-designed. In particular, it requires twice the hardware to achieve a reliable execution in a single issue processor, hence resulting in an area/performance efficiency decreased by half. This efficiency will be even worse when the redundancy is extended to multi-issue processors, which have already exchanged some area for performance enhancement. In this research, we propose a reliable 1.5-way superscalar processor by including time redundancy into the original space redundancy systems. This is usually not preferred when performance and permanent failure are considered. However, by this fusion of space and time redundancies, it is possible to perform dual executions on a triple-pipeline processor. Special working schemes have also been defined to distribute every dual-execution onto different units for both transient and permanent failure toleration. This architecture achieves better performance than a single issue DMR processor while balancing more area/performance than a dual-issue DMR processor. Our performance simulation and area synthesis results show that under equal reliability, the proposed scheme can have 22.6% better performance/area efficiency than a traditional DMR 2-way superscalar processor.