Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apoptotic characteristics of cell death and the neuroprotective effect of homocarnosine on pheochromocytoma PC12 cells exposed to ischemia

We recently improved an in vitro ischemic model, using PC12 neuronal cultures exposed to oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) for 3 hr in a special device, followed by 18 hr of reoxygenation. The cell death induced in this ischemic model was evaluated by a series of markers: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, caspase‐3 activation, presence of cyclin D1, cytochrome c leakage from the mitochondria, BAX cellular redistribution, cleavage of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) to an 85‐kDa apoptotic fragment, and DNA fragmentation. The OGD insult, in the absence of reoxygenation, caused a strong activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) isoforms extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK), and stress‐activated protein kinase (SAPK), also known as p‐38. The detection of apoptotic markers and activation of MAPKs during the ischemic insult strongly suggest that apoptosis plays an important role in the PC12 cell death. Homocarnosine, a neuroprotective histidine dipeptide, present in high concentrations in the brain, was found to provide neuroprotection, as expressed by a 40% reduction in LDH release and caspase‐3 activity at 1 mM. Homocarnosine reduced OGD activation of ERK 1, ERK 2, JNK 1, and JNK 2 by 40%, 46%, 55%, and 30%, respectively. These results suggest that apoptosis is an important characteristic of OGD‐induced neuronal death and that antioxidants, such as homocarnosine, may prevent OGD‐induced neuronal death by inhibiting the apoptotic process and/or in relation to the differential attenuation of activity of MAPKs. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DIFFERENCES IN SUBSTRATE AND INHIBITOR KINETICS OF HUMAN TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 3β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE ARE EXPLAINED BY THE TYPE 1 MUTANT, H156Y

Two distinct genes encode the human type 1 (placenta, mammary gland) and type 2 (adrenal, gonad) isoforms of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3β-HSD). We have produced the Y154F, H156Y, and K158Q mutant enzymes in the Y154-P-H156-S-K158 motif of the human type 1 3β-HSD/ isomerase. The H156Y mutant was created to produce a chimera of the type 2 enzyme motif (Y154-P-Y156-S-K158) in the type 1 enzyme. The wild-type (WT) 1 and 2 plus the mutant enzymes were expressed and purified. The Km for dehydroepiandrosterone and Ki for epostane measured with both the H156Y mutant and WT 2 are 13-fold to 17-fold greater than those values obtained with the WT 1 3β-HSD. The Y154F and K158Q mutants exhibit no 3β-HSD but have significant isomerase activity. Thus, H156 in WT 1 vs. Y156 in WT 2 accounts for the substantially higher affinity of WT 1 3β-HSD activity for these substrate and inhibitor steroids relative to the WT 2 enzyme.
Anti TNF-α therapy for ulcerative colitis: current status and prospects for the future

ABSTRACT Introduction: Anti TNF-α agents have become a significant advance in the management of ulcerative colitis, proving to induce, with rapid onset, clinical and endoscopic remission. However, there is still a considerable unmet medical need in ulcerative colitis. Areas covered: The aim of this review was to summarize the patterns of use and the effectiveness of anti TNF-α in ulcerative colitis, highlighting their current position in treatment algorithms. Moreover, we set out a five-year view hypothesizing different treatment strategies. Expert commentary: The rapid onset of action and the effectiveness in inducing mucosal healing are the most important pros of anti TNF-α, supporting present and future use. Conversely, the relevant risk of loss of response and the safety profile have raised several concerns. In the future, the advent of different molecular targeting therapies can improve the management of UC patients, evolving to individually tailored strategies.
Web Page Classification using Modified Naïve Bayesian Approach

This paper introduces the concept of a classification tool for Web pages called WebClassify, which uses modified naive Bayesian algorithm with multinomial model to classify pages into various categories. The tool starts the classification from downloading training Web text from Internet, preparing the hypertext for mining, and then storing Web data in a local database. The paper also gives an account of choosing naive Bayesian approach over other approaches for Web text mining. The experimental results along with the classification accuracy analysis with increasing vocabulary size, is also shown
Dielectronic recombination data for astrophysical applications: Plasma rate-coefficients for Fe^q+ (q=7-10, 13-22) and Ni^25+ ions from storage-ring experiments

This review summarizes the present status of an ongoing experimental effort to provide reliable rate coefficients for dielectronic recombination of highly charged iron ions for the modeling of astrophysical and other plasmas. The experimental work has been carried out over more than a decade at the heavy-ion storage-ring TSR of the Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. The experimental and data reduction procedures are outlined. The role of previously disregarded processes such as fine-structure core excitations and trielectronic recombination is highlighted. Plasma rate coefficients for dielectronic recombination of Fe^q+ ions (q=7-10, 13-22) and Ni^25+ are presented graphically and in a simple parameterized form allowing for easy use in plasma modeling codes. It is concluded that storage-ring experiments are presently the only source for reliable low-temperature dielectronic recombination rate-coefficients of complex ions.
Intel Mote 2: an advanced platform for demanding sensor network applications

Intel Mote 2 is based on the PXA271 microprocessor featuring the Intel XScale® core. This multi-die package includes a high performance processor, 32 MB of flash and 32 MB of SDRAM. The processor integrates a DSP coprocessor, a security coprocessor and an expanded set of I/O interfaces (including UART, I2C, SPI, USB, CIF, I2S, and AC97) to ease sensor integration. The platform also provides an on-board 802.15. 4 radio and the option to add other wireless interfaces via an SDIO interface. We have ported the TinyOS and Linux operating systems to this platform.
Engaging Men as Social Justice Allies in Ending Violence Against Women: Evidence for a Social Norms Approach

Abstract The field of sexual assault prevention is shifting attention to educational interventions that address the role of men in ending violence against women. Recent studies document the often-misperceived norms men hold about other men's endorsement of rape-supportive attitudes and behaviors. The authors provide further evidence supporting the design of population-based social norms interventions to prevent sexual assault. Data from this study suggest that men underestimate the importance that most men and women place on consent and willingness of most men to intervene against sexual violence. In addition, men's personal adherence to only consensual activity and their willingness to act as women's allies are strongly influenced by their perceptions of other men's and women's norms. These findings support the proposition that accurate normative data, which counters the misperception of rape-supportive environments, can be a critical part of comprehensive campus efforts to catalyze and support men's development as women's social justice allies in preventing sexual violence against women.
An Output Regulation-Based Unified Power Quality Conditioner With Kalman Filters

This paper proposes a novel control design for the unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). This design, enabled by a control framework that employs the output regulation (OR) theory, is also made up of an exogenous Kalman filter used to extract the state components of the distorted supply voltage and load current, and a plant Kalman filter as a state observer. In addition, the same framework integrates the major functions of the UPQC with ease to unify the treatments of several power quality problems including system harmonics in the supply voltage and load current, sags/swells in the supply voltage, variations in the load demands, and poor power factor at the supply side. A linear quadratic regulator-based self-charging circuit is also incorporated into the control design so that the UPQC operates without relying on an external dc source. Simulation and experimental studies on a single-phase power distribution system are used to verify the performance and real-time implementation of this control design with the UPQC.
Gründungsintensität, Gründungsqualität und alternde Bevölkerung

Aufgrund der demographiebedingten Alterung der Bevolkerung ist angesichts niedrigerer Grundungsneigungen alterer Personen in den kommenden Jahren ein Ruckgang im Ausmas der Grundungsaktivitat in Deutschland zu erwarten. Zur Beantwortung der Frage, ob hieraus auch Auswirkungen auf die Qualitat des Grundungsgeschehens zu erwarten sind, vergleichen wir auf Grundlage der Individualdaten des KfW-Grundungsmonitors Grunder unterschiedlichen Alters hinsichtlich ihrer Humankapitalausstattung und soziodemografischer Merkmale, grundungsbezogener Einstellungen und der Charakteristika ihrer Grundungsprojekte. Insbesondere analysieren wir mittels Probit-Ereignisanalysen die Grundungsentscheidung und das Grundungsuberleben als Erfolgskriterium. Unter den alteren wie unter jungen Grundern identifizieren wir unterschiedliche Grundertypen. Im Ergebnis ist festzuhalten, dass angesichts der Verschiebung des Grundungsgeschehens hin zu alteren Personen keine geringere Wertigkeit der Grundungen zu erwarten ist.
The barley protein degradation: Mechanism of protein solubilization during barley mashing with neutral proteinase

Kinetics of protein solubilization during barley mashing with neutral proteinase were studied. By plotting the kinetics data in Foster–Niemann coordinates for barley concentration range of 10–30% linear relationships with high correlation coefficients (r ⩾ 0. 999) were obtained. The slopes of straight lines were very close to corresponding reciprocal initial insoluble nitrogen concentrations. Barley proteolytic inhibitors affected the ordinate intercept; by their addition the values of ordinate intercept decreased. The data suggest that the modified Foster–Niemann equation can be proposed to interpret kinetics of insoluble barley protein degradation. The proteolytic activity decay was studied as well. The enzyme decay was faster in buffer solution than during barley mashing, but in both cases first‐order kinetics can be applied. A mathematical model describing protein solubilization and enzyme decay kinetics were developed. The results of computer simulation were in good agreement with experimental data.
Exploring Triangle-Free Dense Structures

Triadic closure is ubiquitous in social networks, which refers to the property among three individuals, A, B, and C, such that if there exist strong ties between A-B and A-C, then there must be a strong or weak tie between B-C. Related to triadic closure, the number of triangles has been extensively studied since it can be effectively used as a metric to analyze the structure and function of a network. In this paper, from a different viewpoint, we study triangle-free dense structures which have received little attention. We focus on <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $K_{3,3}$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="yu-ieq1-2764468.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> where there are two subsets of three vertices, a vertex in a subset has an edge connected to every vertex in another subset while it does not have an edge to any other vertex in the same subset. Such <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{n,n}$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="yu-ieq2-2764468.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> in general implies a philosophy contradiction: (a) Any two individuals are friends if they have no common friends, and (b) Any two individuals are not friends if they have common friends. However, we find such induced <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{3,3}$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="yu-ieq3-2764468.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> does exist frequently, and they do not disappear over time over a real academic collaboration network. In addition, in the real datasets tested, nearly all edges appearing in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{3,3}$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="yu-ieq4-2764468.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> appear in some triangles. We analyze the expected numbers of induced <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{3,3}$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="yu-ieq5-2764468.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and triangles (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="yu-ieq6-2764468.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula>) in four representative random graph models, namely, Erdős-Rényi random graph model, Watts-Strogatz small-world model, Barabási-Albert preferential attachment model, and configuration model, and give an algorithm to enumerate all distinct <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{3,3}$</tex-math> <alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="yu-ieq7-2764468.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> in an undirected social network. We conduct extensive experiments on both real and synthetic datasets to confirm our findings. As an application, such <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{3,3}$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="yu-ieq8-2764468.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> found helps to find new stars collaborated by well-known figures who themselves do not collaborate.
Brain connectivity abnormalities extend beyond the sensorimotor network in peripheral neuropathy

To investigate, using resting state (RS) functional connectivity (FC), the selectivity of involvement of the sensorimotor network in patients with acquired (A) and with hereditary (H) peripheral neuropathies (PN) and the correlations of RS FC abnormalities with clinical impairment and structural brain damage. Temporal associations among RS networks were also explored. Experimental design: RS fMRI scans were acquired from 13 APN, 12 HPN, and 18 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Independent component analysis and functional network connectivity were used to investigate RS FC within and among RS networks with potential functional relevance.
On Sampling Nodes in a Network

Random walk is an important tool in many graph mining applications including estimating graph parameters, sampling portions of the graph, and extracting dense communities. In this paper we consider the problem of sampling nodes from a large graph according to a prescribed distribution by using random walk as the basic primitive. Our goal is to obtain algorithms that make a small number of queries to the graph but output a node that is sampled according to the prescribed distribution. Focusing on the uniform distribution case, we study the query complexity of three algorithms and show a near-tight bound expressed in terms of the parameters of the graph such as average degree and the mixing time. Both theoretically and empirically, we show that some algorithms are preferable in practice than the others. We also extend our study to the problem of sampling nodes according to some polynomial function of their degrees; this has implications for designing efficient algorithms for applications such as triangle counting.
A Critical Role for the Proteasome Activator PA28 in the Hsp90-dependent Protein Refolding*

The 90-kDa heat shock protein, Hsp90, was previously shown to capture firefly luciferase during thermal inactivation and prevent it from undergoing an irreversible off-pathway aggregation, thereby maintaining it in a folding-competent state. While Hsp90 by itself was not sufficient to refold the denatured luciferase, addition of rabbit reticulocyte lysate remarkably restored the luciferase activity. Here we demonstrate that Hsc70, Hsp40, and the 20 S proteasome activator PA28 are the effective components in reticulocyte lysate. Purified Hsc70, Hsp40, and PA28 were necessary and sufficient to fully reconstitute Hsp90-initiated refolding. Kinetics of substrate binding support the idea that PA28 acts as the molecular link between the Hsp90-dependent capture of unfolded proteins and the Hsc70- and ATP-dependent refolding process.
Biased voting: A method for simulating CMOS bridging faults in the presence of variable gate logic thresholds

In order to simulate the effects of bridging faults correctly it is necessary to take into account the fact that not all gate inputs have the same logic threshold. This paper presents a general technique which can be used to determine if a particular structure of transistors gives rise to a bridge voltage which is higher or lower than a given threshold, in most cases without requiring circuit simulation. If desired, the technique can also be used to predict actual voltages, which agree well with SPICE simulations. The approach is substantially faster than previous approaches for accurately simulating bridging faults. <<ETX>>
Identification of a Progenitor of the CTX-M-9 Group of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases from Kluyvera georgiana Isolated in Guyana

ABSTRACT Chromosomal β-lactamase genes (blaKLUY) from six Kluyvera georgiana strains isolated in Guyana were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. KLUY-1 exhibited 100% amino acid identity with the extended-spectrum β-lactamase CTX-M-14. We also show that a 2.7-kb Kluyvera chromosomal region exhibits 99% nucleotide identity to a portion of In60 that includes blaCTX-M-9.
Do Scapular Kinematics Alter during the Performance of the Scapular Assistance Test and Scapular Retraction Test: A Pilot Study

Objective: To describe to what degree and in what plane biomechanical alterations occur during the performance of the Scapular Retraction test (SRT) and Scapular Assistance Test (SAT). Design: Laboratory Pilot Study Participants: Eight symptomatic and 7 asymptomatic subjects were instrumented with electromagnetic sensors. Main Outcome Measures: The SRT and SAT were performed with the scapula stabilized and unstabilized. The scapular kinematic variables of posterior tilt, internal rotation, upward rotation, protraction, and elevation were measured during both tests. Results: Descriptive analysis of scapular kinematics suggested that posterior tilt was primarily increased during both clinical tests in both groups. Both groups decreased in scapular elevation, indicating that the scapula was being depressed during the SRT. There was no meaningful change in force during the SRT. Conclusion: These findings indicate that both the SRT and SAT appear to alter scapular motion in both groups. The interpretations of these results are limited due to the small sample size and large confidence intervals, but suggest that these tests change specific positions of the scapula. Further research into these tests is needed to confirm these biomechanical alterations, and to determine the value of these tests when developing rehabilitation protocols in patients with shoulder pain.
Radiocarbon Dating and Dietary Stable Isotope Analysis of Kwaday Dän Ts'inchí

We report here on the results of AMS dating and isotopic analysis of the frozen human remains named Kwaday Dän Ts'inchí and associated materials recovered from a glacier located in Northwest British Columbia, Canada in 1999. The isotopic analysis of bone collagen (bulk and single amino acids) from the individual indicates a strongly marine diet, which was unexpected given the location of this find, more than 100 km inland eroding out of a high elevation glacier; however, bulk hair and bone cholesterol isotopic values indicate a shift in diet to include more terrestrial foods in the year before death. The radiocarbon dating is not straightforward, as there are difficulties in determining the appropriate marine correction for the human remains, and the spread of dates on the associated artifacts clearly indicates that this was not a single use site. By combining the most recent date on a robe worn by Kwaday Dän Ts'inchi with direct bone collagen dates we conclude that the individual likely dates to between cal A.D. 1670 to 1850, which is in the pre-(or early) European contact period for this region.
Parallel conductor particle for artificial magnetic material in microwave frequency

A particle for artificial magnetic material in microwave frequency is proposed. It has simple structure composed of two-parallel conductor. The characteristics of effective permeability are discussed based on the transmission line model for miniaturization and increase of the permeability. The plate-type material where the particles are placed is fabricated and the characteristic is confirmed.
A review of bacterial cellulose‐based drug delivery systems: their biochemistry, current approaches and future prospects

The field of pharmaceutical technology is expanding rapidly because of the increasing number of drug delivery options. Successful drug delivery is influenced by multiple factors, one of which is the appropriate identification of materials for research and engineering of new drug delivery systems. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is one such biopolymer that fulfils the criteria for consideration as a drug delivery material.
Dissection, plating, and maintenance of cortical astrocyte cultures.

Survival of central nervous system neurons in culture is usually greatly improved if the neurons are plated on top of a layer of confluent astrocytes. Under these conditions, neurons attach more firmly and develop a more readily identifiable bidimensional neuritic tree than in culture conditions where primary cells are plated on top of collagen, laminin, or other cell-free substrates. Although dissociated cells from any central nervous system region will include astrocytes and other glia, these generally do not support the survival of the primary neurons as well as preplated astrocyte feeder layers. For example, plating dorsal root ganglion (DRG)/dorsal horn (DH) cocultures directly onto collagen or laminin results in a very low number of attached DH neurons, and those have stunted neurites. Furthermore, although a higher number of DRG neurons do attach without astrocytes, this attachment is weaker, as demonstrated by the tendency of those neurons (or at least their neurites) to blow off the coverslip when a local superfusion system is directed at them. Neonatal rat cortex provides abundant astrocytes that can be cultured readily. The protocol presented here selects for type I astrocytes that grow in a monolayer with contact inhibition.