Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Android build dependency analysis

In order to derive executable software artefacts, the build system needs to be maintained properly along with the evolution of source code. However, in large software projects the building process often becomes effort-consuming, and sometimes the building process contains defects or even fails. To cope with these challenges, the first step is to understand the build process. In this paper, we take Android as the example system, and propose an automated approach to analyzing the Android build dependency structure (including extraction of building jobs, related artefacts, duration, etc.). Moreover, the analysis results of Android 5 and 6 are compared in order to identify build differences between these two releases. The extracted build dependencies and comparison results are also visualized with tool support. As the analysis approach and tools are not limited to Android, it can be also used for extracting the build dependency structure of other systems.
Executive Inside Debt and Corporate Tax Avoidance

This study examines the relation between executives’ inside debt holdings and corporate tax risk. As executives’ inside debt holdings are unsecured and unfunded, they should align executives’ interests with those of outside debtholders and incentivize executives to act more conservatively toward risk. Hence, inside debt should also reduce the risk of tax avoidance activities. Consistent with this prediction, we find that executive inside debt holdings are negatively related to tax risk. Further, this relation becomes stronger at higher levels of tax risk. We also find that the relation between insider debt and tax risk is stronger for firms that are not facing liquidity constraints and among well-governed firms. The latter result implies that institutional ownership and inside debt compensation are substitutes in reducing tax risk. Overall, our results suggest that part of the observed cross-sectional difference in tax avoidance can be explained by a reduction in tax risk that is related to executive inside debt holdings.
Pulmonary vascular function.

On August 1, 1974, I received a telegram: "200 years ago today Priestley discovered oxygen. Let's hear it for Priestley! " signed, Leland Clark. Now I say, "Twenty years ago this University discovered Comroe. Let's hear it for Comroe! " If our candles have been burning at both ends since th~n, it was you, Julius, who struck flint on steel, fanned flame from the sparks, trimmed our wicks, and rarely used the snuffer. The lighted candle is as good a symbol of research as of respiration. Research, like respiration, is a process. "The lighted candle respires and we call it flame. The body respires and we call it life. Neither flame nor life are substance, but process. The flame is as different from the wick and wax as life a hormone" (1). It is instructive to consider the difference between the things and thoughts of research. Piet Hein said, "The thing that distinguishes thoughts from things is that thoughts are harder to think. " "Newton taught science to have faith in processes as well as substances-to compute, predict and depend upon an irrational attraction. Caught up in enlightenment, man began to regard himself as a part of nature, a subject for investigation. The web of self knowledge, woven so slowly between process and substance, still weaves physiology, the process, and anatomy, the substance, into the whole cloth of clinical medicine. Man's interest in his own reaction to his environment constituted a further leap of the intellect. From substance to process to self-examination, and then full circle to the processes of interaction. " When we begin life, our first breath of 0 2 dilates our pulmonary arterioles, by diffusing through their outer walls, despite the persisting
Expression Influences the Recognition of Familiar Faces

Face recognition has been assumed to be independent of facial expression. We used familiar and unfamiliar faces that were morphed from a happy to an angry expression within a given identity. Participants performed speeded two-choice decisions according to whether or not a face was familiar. Consistent with earlier findings, reaction times for classifications of unfamiliar faces were independent of facial expressions. In contrast, expression clearly influenced the recognition of familiar faces, with fastest recognition for moderately happy expressions. This suggests that representations of familiar faces for recognition preserve some information about typical emotional expressions.
Effects of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Intervention Principles in Emergent Literacy in Children at Risk of Developmental Dyslexia: A Longitudinal Study

This longitudinal study focused on the effects of two different principles of intervention in children at risk of developing dyslexia from 5 to 8 years old. The children were selected on the basis of a background questionnaire given to parents and preschool teachers, with cognitive and functional magnetic resonance imaging results substantiating group differences in neuropsychological processes associated with phonology, orthography, and phoneme—grapheme correspondence (i.e., alphabetic principle). The two principles of intervention were bottom-up (BU), “from sound to meaning”, and top-down (TD), “from meaning to sound. ” Thus, four subgroups were established: risk/BU, risk/TD, control/BU, and control/TD. Computer-based training took place for 2 months every spring, and cognitive assessments were performed each fall of the project period. Measures of preliteracy skills for reading and spelling were phonological awareness, working memory, verbal learning, and letter knowledge. Literacy skills were assessed by word reading and spelling. At project end the control group scored significantly above age norm, whereas the risk group scored within the norm. In the at-risk group, training based on the BU principle had the strongest effects on phonological awareness and working memory scores, whereas training based on the TD principle had the strongest effects on verbal learning, letter knowledge, and literacy scores. It was concluded that appropriate, specific, data-based intervention starting in preschool can mitigate literacy impairment and that interventions should contain BU training for preliteracy skills and TD training for literacy training.
Electronic Payments and ATMs: Changing Technology and Cost Efficiency in Banking*

Two major technical changes in banking are the expanded use of ATMs to deliver depositor services and the shift to electronic payments. Over 1992-2000, these two changes in bank production are estimated to have reduced operating cost by 37%, saving 4.5 billion euros in Spain (0.7% of GDP). As these trends continue, further savings may be realized. These results are robust to using composite, translog, or Fourier functional forms to estimate an output characteristics cost function. Other European countries as well as the U.S. may have experienced similar savings. * Support for this research was provided by the Fundaci\n de las Cajas de Ahorros Confederadas para la Investigaci\n Econ\mica y Social. Corresponding Author: Dave Humphrey, Department of Finance, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA, 32306-1042; Phone: (850) 644-7899; dhumphr@garnet.acns. fsu.edu
Monitoring Activities with Lower-Limb Exoskeletons

Advances in sensor technologies and data storage have led to the development of portable systems that can measure aspects of human behaviour in everyday life. Measuring the progressive change in physical activity in people with different types of diseases in real conditions means that rehabilitation, training and physical education programmes can accordingly adapt. Monitoring activities has been acknowledged as an integral part of optimum healthcare. [2]. There are multiple disciplines in which activity is monitored, such as medicine, physiotherapy, behavioural sciences, psychophysiology and ergonomy.
Inhibition of zebrafish fin regeneration using in vivo electroporation of morpholinos against fgfr1 and msxb

Increased interest in using zebrafish as a model organism has led to a resurgence of fin regeneration studies. This has allowed for the identification of a large number of gene families, including signaling molecules and transcription factors, which are expressed during regeneration. However, in cases where no specific inhibitor is available for the gene product of interest, determination of a functional role for these genes has been difficult. Here we demonstrate that in vivo electroporation of morpholino oligonucleotides is a feasible approach for protein knock‐down during fin regeneration. Morpholino oligonucleotides against fgfr1 and msxb were utilized and knock‐down of both proteins resulted in reduced fin outgrowth. Importantly, Fgfr1 knock‐down phenocopied outgrowth inhibition obtained with an Fgfr1 inhibitor. Furthermore, this method provided direct evidence for a functional role for msxb in caudal fin regeneration. Finally, knock‐down of Fgfr1, but not Msxb, affected the blastemal expression of msxc, suggesting this technique can be used to determine epistasis in genetic pathways affecting regeneration. Thus, this convenient reverse genetic approach allows researchers to quickly (1) assess the function of genes known to be expressed during fin regeneration, (2) screen genes for functional relevance during fin regeneration, and (3) assign genes to the molecular pathways underlying fin regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 235:336–346, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Innovation Investment under Policy Uncertainty: Exploring Factors Influencing Firms? Technological Investment Decisions

Despite the rising expectation on the renewable energy technologies, the alternative energy sources still heavily rely on government support policies. However, constant changes in government incentive programs and policies have created high level of uncertainty. As the renewable energy sector is striving to achieve grid parity through technology advancement and adoption, how to boost the technological innovation investments has been a major issue in the renewable energy industry sector. Most of the studies relating to the impact of uncertainty on investment decisions focused on the sector or industry level. With an aim to enhance the understanding of firm level decision behaviours, the purpose of the research is to explore what are the factors influencing firms? innovation investment decisions under uncertainty.
Teaching outbreak investigation to undergraduate food technologists

Purpose – Investigations of food-borne outbreaks are complex and require multidisciplinary collaboration. The purpose of this paper is to help food technologists face this challenge and be competent members of a multidisciplinary team, a study module on the investigation of a “real-life” food-borne outbreak was developed. Design/methodology/approach – The module design was based on the principles of inquiry-based learning with the purpose to motivate and activate students with challenging assignments. The didactic impact of the module was evaluated as a qualitative case study with questionnaires, reflection assignments and interviews of students and lecturers. Findings – A teaching module developed by an external professional taking part in the academic environment provides a learning environment well adapted to the curriculum, as well as bringing first-hand realism and enthusiasm into the classroom. The external lecturer’s dedication to the subject was appreciated by the students. A majority of the stude.
FlowBazaar: A Market-Mediated Software Defined Communications Ecosystem at the Wireless Edge

Wireless Internet access has brought legions of heterogeneous apps all sharing the same resources. However, current wireless edge networks with tightly coupled PHY/MAC that cater to worst or average case performance lack the agility to best serve these diverse sessions. Simultaneously, software reconfigurable infrastructure has become increasingly mainstream to the point that per packet and per flow decisions can be dynamically controlled at multiple layers of the communications stack. The goal of this work is to design, develop and demonstrate FlowBazaar, an open market-based approach to create a value chain from the end-user of an application on one side, to algorithms operating over reconfigurable infrastructure on the other, so as to enable an ecosystem wherein disparate applications are able to obtain necessary resources for optimal performance.
Recovery of Endemic Dragonflies after Removal of Invasive Alien Trees

Abstract: Because dragonflies are very sensitive to alien trees, we assessed their response to large‐scale restoration of riparian corridors. We compared three types of disturbance regime—alien invaded, cleared of alien vegetation, and natural vegetation (control)—and recorded data on 22 environmental variables. The most significant variables in determining dragonfly assemblages were percentage of bank cover and tree canopy cover, which indicates the importance of vegetation architecture for these dragonflies. This finding suggests that it is important to restore appropriate marginal vegetation and sunlight conditions. Recovery of dragonfly assemblages after the clearing of alien trees was substantial. Species richness and abundance at restored sites matched those at control sites. Dragonfly assemblage patterns reflected vegetation succession. Thus, initially eurytopic, widespread species were the main beneficiaries of the removal of alien trees, and stenotopic, endemic species appeared after indigenous vegetation recovered over time. Important indicator species were the two national endemics (Allocnemis leucosticta and Pseudagrion furcigerum), which, along with vegetation type, can be used to monitor return of overall integrity of riparian ecology and to make management decisions. Endemic species as a whole responded positively to restoration, which suggests that indigenous vegetation recovery has major benefits for irreplaceable and widespread generalist species.
Biotinylated probe isolation of targeted gene region improves detection of T790M epidermal growth factor receptor mutation via peptide nucleic acid-enriched real-time PCR.

BACKGROUND The presence of the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) T790M mutation in tumor tissue or body fluids from patients treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors may indicate the onset of resistance to treatment. It is important to identify this mutation as early as possible so that treatment can be modified accordingly or potential side effects of further treatment can be avoided. This requirement calls for high detection sensitivity. Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are used as PCR clamps to inhibit amplification of wild-type DNA during PCR cycling, thereby enriching for rare mutations such as T790M. We describe a modification that improves the detection limit of PNA-clamp methods by at least 20-fold. METHODS We enriched the target by exposing genomic DNA to an EGFR exon 20-specific biotinylated oligonucleotide, followed by binding to streptavidin beads. We then prepared serial dilutions of the isolated target DNA containing the T790M mutation by mixing with wild-type DNA and then performed PNA clamp-based, real-time TaqMan PCR. For comparison, we performed PNA clamp-based PCR directly on genomic DNA. RESULTS Whereas the detection limit for PNA clamp-based PCR performed directly on genomic DNA is 1 mutant allele in 1000 wild-type alleles, conducting the assay with biotinylated oligonucleotide-enriched target DNA improved the detection limit to 1 mutant allele in 40,000 wild-type alleles. A possible explanation for the improvement in detection is that biotin-based target isolation efficiently eliminates wild-type DNA; therefore, fewer erroneous amplifications of wild-type DNA can occur early during the PCR. CONCLUSIONS Combining target molecule isolation via a biotinylated probe with PNA-enriched TaqMan real-time PCR provides a major improvement for detecting the EGFR T790M resistance mutation.
Postoperative changes in blood flow in free muscle flaps: A prospective study

We used color Doppler ultrasound (US) to study postoperative changes in blood flow in 10 non‐innervated free latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle flaps transplanted onto lower extremities. The peak, mean, and minimum velocities, resistance index, and diameter of the pedicle, and the recipient and control arteries were recorded preoperatively and on the 2nd, 5th, and 10th days after surgery. In the pedicle of the transplant, the peak and mean velocities increased but not significantly during the follow‐up. The minimum velocity value in the thoraco‐dorsal artery was (mean ± SD) 4 ± 5 cm/sec preoperatively, and was in the leg 19 ± 9 cm/sec (P < 0.05) on the 5th and 17 ± 10 cm/sec (P < 0.05) on the 10th postoperative day. The preoperative value of the resistance index decreased from 0.92 ± 0.12 to 0.79 ± 0.08 on the 10th postoperative day (P < 0.05). In the recipient artery, the peak (117 ± 37) and mean (35 ± 16 cm/sec) velocities increased significantly on the 5th postoperative day compared to the preoperative value (79 ± 22 and 14 ± 6 cm/sec, respectively). The minimum velocity increased but not significantly. The resistance index was preoperatively 1.23 ± 0.09 and 0.88 ± 0.16 (P < 0.05) on the 10th postoperative day. This prospective clinical study demonstrates that blood flow in the pedicle and in the recipient artery of a free muscle flap increases after surgery. This phenomenon may be due to loss of vascular tone and decreased resistance after denervation. Increased blood flow helps to keep the microanastomosis open and also promotes wound healing. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 19:196–199 1999
The Role of Social, Familial, and Individual‐Level Factors on Multiple Alcohol Use Outcomes During the First Year of University

BACKGROUND The first year of university attendance represents a critical time frame for the development of alcohol use and misuse given changes in autonomy and increased access to alcohol. Prior studies have demonstrated that the establishment of drinking patterns during this period is impacted by an array of demographic, environmental, and familial factors. It is critical to consider such factors jointly, and to understand potentially differential effects on stages of alcohol use/misuse, in order to identify robust predictors that may be targeted in prevention and intervention programming. METHODS As part of a longitudinal study, students at a large, public U.S. university were invited to complete online surveys that included questions related to alcohol use, emotional and behavioral health, environmental factors, sociodemographic factors, and familial environment. This study uses data from surveys administered in the fall and spring of the first year of university. We used univariate (maximum N = 7,291) and multivariate (maximum N = 4,788) logistic and linear regressions to evaluate the associations between potential risk and protective factors with 4 alcohol use outcomes: initiation, consumption, problems, and addiction resistance. RESULTS In multivariate models, we observed associations between demographic, social/environmental, and personal-level predictors with all 4 alcohol outcomes, several of which were consistent across each stage of alcohol use. A deviant high school peer group was one of the strongest predictors of risk across outcomes. The influence of drinking motives and alcohol expectancies varied by alcohol use outcome. Externalizing characteristics were associated with increased risk across outcomes, while internalizing symptoms were associated with more problems and lower addiction resistance. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the complex network of factors influencing stages of alcohol use during the first year of university. Importantly, these findings demonstrate that the impact of predictors changes across stages of alcohol use/misuse, which presents opportunities for targeted prevention efforts.
Exploratory study of virtual communities of apparel retailers

Purpose – This study aims to present a general overview of the characteristics of virtual communities hosted by apparel retailers.Design/methodology/approach – Content analysis was conducted on 2,521 web sites hosted by apparel retailers. Web sites of apparel retailers were identified from Stores Magazine “top 100 specialty retailers” and “top 100 retailers” listings, and Google search engine directory. Web sites were analyzed in terms of general characteristics of apparel retailers (e.g. apparel product categories, ability to purchase online, presence of brick‐and‐mortar stores). Two coders individually visited each web site and coded the contents.Findings – A total of 13 virtual communities hosted by apparel retailers were found. Apparel retailers selling casual merchandise to the young teen market had the strongest representation. Most of the virtual communities used bulletin or message board tools. About half of the virtual communities had registration requirements and rules or membership policies. Di.
Weekly Self-Scheduling, Forward Contracting, and Offering Strategy for a Producer

Within a weekly market horizon, this paper considers a power producer that sells its energy both in the pool and through weekly forward contracts. The paper provides a methodology that allows the producer to derive the self-scheduling of its production units, to select weekly forward contracts, and to obtain the offering strategy for Monday's pool. The proposed technique is based on stochastic programming and allows the producer to maximize its expected profit while controlling the risk of profit variability. A comprehensive case study is used to illustrate the characteristics of the proposed methodology. Appropriate conclusions are finally drawn.
Lee plate equations for electroded quartz crystal plates with the consideration of electrode density and stiffness

Lee plate equations for high-frequency vibrations of piezoelectric plates have been established and improved over the last decades with the sole objective of obtaining the accurate prediction of frequency and mode shapes to aid crystal resonator design. The latest improvement includes extra terms related to derivatives of the flexural displacement to adjust the accuracy and consider electrodes for practical applications. As part of the efforts to make the equations applicable for resonator design with the improved frequency accuracy and consideration of electrodes, we derived Lee plate equations for electroded plates by changing the integration limits in the dimension reduction procedure to signify the dominant role of the crystal plate. By modifying the density terms in plate equations to include the contribution of both electrode stiffness and density, the accuracy of the thickness-shear vibration frequency of electroded plates is improved for commonly used electrode materials.
Visual Pedestrian Tracking from a UAV Platform

Visual tracking is a challenging problem in computer vision, especially when the camera platform is moving. To track a target pedestrian from a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) mobile platform, multiple techniques, such as motion control of UAV, visual detection and tracking are needed. This study presents a new tracking method, which mainly involves object tracking, pedestrian detection and online color feature matching. The algorithm of the proposed method has two main components: a median flow tracker and a pedestrian detection which is based on fast feature pyramids. The proposed tracking method is thoroughly evaluated on various public videos and real scene videos from UAV cameras, and compared with existing state-of-the-art tracking methods to show its effectiveness.