Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of One-Carbon Metabolism and Cancers of the Esophagus, Stomach, and Liver in a Chinese Population

One-carbon metabolism (folate metabolism) is considered important in carcinogenesis because of its involvement in DNA synthesis and biological methylation reactions. We investigated the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in folate metabolic pathway and the risk of three GI cancers in a population-based case-control study in Taixing City, China, with 218 esophageal cancer cases, 206 stomach cancer cases, 204 liver cancer cases, and 415 healthy population controls. Study participants were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire, and blood samples were collected after the interviews. We genotyped SNPs of the MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, DNMT1, and ALDH2 genes, using PCR-RFLP, SNPlex, or TaqMan assays. To account for multiple comparisons and reduce the chances of false reports, we employed semi-Bayes (SB) shrinkage analysis. After shrinkage and adjusting for potential confounding factors, we found positive associations between MTHFR rs1801133 and stomach cancer (any T versus C/C, SB odds-ratio [SBOR]: 1.79, 95% posterior limits: 1.18, 2.71) and liver cancer (SBOR: 1.51, 95% posterior limits: 0.98, 2.32). There was an inverse association between DNMT1 rs2228612 and esophageal cancer (any G versus A/A, SBOR: 0.60, 95% posterior limits: 0.39, 0.94). In addition, we detected potential heterogeneity across alcohol drinking status for ORs relating MTRR rs1801394 to esophageal (posterior homogeneity P = 0.005) and stomach cancer (posterior homogeneity P = 0.004), and ORs relating MTR rs1805087 to liver cancer (posterior homogeneity P = 0.021). Among non-alcohol drinkers, the variant allele (allele G) of these two SNPs was inversely associated with the risk of these cancers; while a positive association was observed among ever-alcohol drinkers. Our results suggest that genetic polymorphisms related to one-carbon metabolism may be associated with cancers of the esophagus, stomach, and liver. Heterogeneity across alcohol consumption status of the associations between MTR/MTRR polymorphisms and these cancers indicates potential interactions between alcohol drinking and one-carbon metabolic pathway.
Identify Sentiment-Objects from Chinese Sentences Based on Skip Chain Conditional Random Fields Model

Sentiment-objects Extraction aims to identify the targets of opinion described in sentiment sentence. Previous research fails to deal with the long-distance dependencies in Chinese sentences such as opinion targets repeated and echo of the different part of sentence. In this paper, we describe a probabilistic approach that incorporates the long-distance dependencies to identify opinion targets. The skip-chain Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) is used to model the long distance dependencies between sentiment sentences such as the repeated word and similar expression. Experiments show that our method outperforms linear-chain CRFs based method, and it is effective to identify opinion targets from Chinese sentences.
Metropolitan land values and housing productivity

We present the first nationwide index of directly-measured land values by metropolitan area and investigate their relationship with housing prices. Construction prices and geographic and regulatory constraints are shown to increase the cost of housing relative to land. On average, approximately one-third of housing costs are due to land, with an increasing share in higher-value areas, implying an elasticity of substitution between land and other inputs of about one-half. Conditional on land and construction prices, housing productivity is relatively low in larger cities. The increase in housing costs associated with greater regulation appears to outweigh any benefits from improved quality-of-life.
Considerations for digital PCR as an accurate molecular diagnostic tool.

BACKGROUND Digital PCR (dPCR) is an increasingly popular manifestation of PCR that offers a number of unique advantages when applied to preclinical research, particularly when used to detect rare mutations and in the precise quantification of nucleic acids. As is common with many new research methods, the application of dPCR to potential clinical scenarios is also being increasingly described. CONTENT This review addresses some of the factors that need to be considered in the application of dPCR. Compared to real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), dPCR clearly has the potential to offer more sensitive and considerably more reproducible clinical methods that could lend themselves to diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tests. But for this to be realized the technology will need to be further developed to reduce cost and simplify application. Concomitantly the preclinical research will need be reported with a comprehensive understanding of the associated errors. dPCR benefits from a far more predictable variance than qPCR but is as susceptible to upstream errors associated with factors like sampling and extraction. dPCR can also suffer systematic bias, particularly leading to underestimation, and internal positive controls are likely to be as important for dPCR as they are for qPCR, especially when reporting the absence of a sequence. SUMMARY In this review we highlight some of the considerations that may be needed when applying dPCR and discuss sources of error. The factors discussed here aim to assist in the translation of dPCR to diagnostic, predictive, or prognostic applications.
Potential natural exposure of endangered red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) to mycotoxins aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, and ochratoxin A

A survey was conducted to determine whether mycotoxins were present in the foods consumed by red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) in the Yancheng Biosphere Reserve, China. Collected in the reserve’s core, buffer, and experimental zones during overwintering periods of 2013 to 2015, a total of 113 food samples were analyzed for aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, and ochratoxin A using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The contamination incidences vary among different zones and the mycotoxins levels of different food samples also presented disparity. Average mycotoxin concentration from rice grain was greater than that from other food types. Among mycotoxin-positive samples, 59.3% were simultaneously contaminated with more than one toxin. This study demonstrated for the first time that red-crowned cranes were exposed to mycotoxins in the Yancheng Biosphere Reserve and suggested that artificial wetlands could not be considered good habitats for the birds in this reserve, especially rice fields. 中文概要目 的调查在盐城生物圈保护区越冬的丹顶鹤食物是否 受到真菌毒素污染以及评估丹顶鹤受到真菌毒 素威胁的风险。 创新点首次证明在盐城生物圈保护区越冬的丹顶鹤受到真菌毒素的威胁。 方 法2013 年11 月至2015 年3 月, 两个越冬期内在盐 城生物圈保护区采集丹顶鹤不同觅食生境内113 份食物样品。 使用高效液相色谱法对这些食物中 毒素(黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌 烯醇(DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、T-2 毒素 (T-2)和赭曲霉毒素A(OTA))含量进行检测。 结 论盐城生物圈保护区内丹顶鹤食物受到真菌毒素的 污染, 人工湿地尤其是稻田不适宜作为鸟类的觅 食地。
Interaction rates of dark-matter halos and subhalos

The interaction rates of dark-matter halos and subhalos, including collisions and mergers, are computed using high-resolution cosmological N-body simulations of the �CDM model. Although the number fraction of subhalos of mass > 2 × 10 11 h −1 M⊙ is only � 10%, we find that the interaction rate of such subhalos is relatively high because they reside in high density environments. At low redshift, the subhalo collisions dominate the total collision rate, and even at z = 3 they are involved in more than 30% of all collisions. About 40% of the “major” mergers (those of mass ratio > 0.3) are between subhalos. Therefore subhalo interactions must be incorporated in models of structure formation. We find that the collision rate between halos in physical density units, is / (1+z) � , with � = 3 4, in agreement with earlier simulations and most observational data. We test previous analytic estimates of the interaction rates of subhalos based on statistical models, which could be very inaccurate because of the small number of subhalos and the variation of conditions within small host halos. We find that, while such statistical estimates may severely overestimate the rate within hosts 6 × 10 11 h −1 M⊙ at all redshifts. The collision rate between subhalos and the central object of their host halo is approximated relatively well using the timescale for dynamical friction in circular orbits. This approximation fails in � 40% of the cases, partly because of deviations from the assumption of circular orbits (especially at low redshift) and partly because of the invalidity of the assumption that the subhalo mass is negligible (especially at high redshift).
Text on Oracle rubbing segmentation method based on connected domain

The positioning and segmentation of oracle text on oracle bone rubbings is the key to the oracle recognition. Segmentation effect will directly affect the oracle recognition rate. To separate oracle text on oracle bone rubbings from complex noise, The original rubbings were preprocessed in order to achieve preliminary segmentation from complex background, Then the threshold segmentation was performed in order to get the binary image, The segmentation method based on connected domain was taken to remove untreated noise on oracle bone rubbings and finally a good segmentation result of background and text was obtained. The experimental data in the “oracle collection” was processed based on threshold segmentation and connected domain, the result showed rubbings text can obtain a better segmentation using the method of this article.
Hemodynamic forces are complex regulators of endothelial gene expression

Vascular endothelial cells, by virtue of their unique anatomical position, are constantly exposed to the fluid mechanical forces generated by flowing blood. In vitro studies with model flow systems have demonstrated that wall shear stresses can modulate various aspects of endothelial structure and function. Certain of these effects appear to result from the regulation of expression of endothelial genes at the transcriptional level. Recent molecular biological studies have defined a “shear stress response element” (SSRE) in the promoter of the human platelet‐ derived growth factor (PDGF)‐B chain gene that interacts with DNA binding proteins in the nuclei of shears stressed endothelial cells to up‐regulate transcriptional activity. Insertion of this element into reporter genes also renders them shear‐inducible. Further characterization of this and other positive (and negative) shear‐responsive genetic regulatory elements, as well as their transactivating factors, should enhance our understanding of vascular endothelium as an integrator of humoral and biomechanical stimuli in health and disease. —Resnick, N. , Gimbrone, M. A. , Jr., Hemodynamic forces are complex regulators of endothelial gene expression. FASEBJ. , 9, 874‐882 (1995)
Web Log Mining using Improved Version of Proposed Algorithm

Association Rule mining is one of the important and most popular data mining technique. It extracts interesting correlations, frequent patterns and associations among sets of items in the transaction databases or other data repositories. Most of the existing algorithms require multiple passes over the database for discovering frequent patterns resulting in a large number of disk reads and placing a huge burden on the input/output subsystem. In order to reduce repetitive disk read, a novel method of top down approach is proposed in this paper. The improved version of Apriori Algorithm greatly reduces the data base scans and avoids generation of unnecessary patterns which reduces data base scan, time and space consumption.
Facial expression recognition based on PCA reconstruction

A facial expression recognition algorithm named PCA (Principal Component Analysis) reconstruction to the still image containing facial expression information is proposed. The general idea of the algorithm is classifying the training sets of facial expression into different subsets by facial expression. Then apply the PCA algorithm into the subsets to get the corresponding orthogonal basis. Test images project on the orthogonal basis of different expression subsets, and reconstruct based on the projection coordinates. Then compare the tested image with the reconstructed images and choose the expression of the most similar one to be the expression of the tested image. The algorithm is tested on Japanese female facial expression (JAFFE) database. The feasibility of the method has been verified by experiment.
β-Arrestin Interacts with the Beta/Gamma Subunits of Trimeric G-Proteins and Dishevelled in the Wnt/Ca2+ Pathway in Xenopus Gastrulation

β-Catenin independent, non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways play a major role in the regulation of morphogenetic movements in vertebrates. The term non-canonical Wnt signaling comprises multiple, intracellularly divergent, Wnt-activated and β-Catenin independent signaling cascades including the Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity and the Wnt/Ca2+ cascades. Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity and Wnt/Ca2+ pathways share common effector proteins, including the Wnt ligand, Frizzled receptors and Dishevelled, with each other and with additional branches of Wnt signaling. Along with the aforementioned proteins, β-Arrestin has been identified as an essential effector protein in the Wnt/β-Catenin and the Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity pathway. Our results demonstrate that β-Arrestin is required in the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling cascade upstream of Protein Kinase C (PKC) and Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II (CamKII). We have further characterized the role of β-Arrestin in this branch of non-canonical Wnt signaling by knock-down and rescue experiments in Xenopus embryo explants and analyzed protein-protein interactions in 293T cells. Functional interaction of β-Arrestin, the β subunit of trimeric G-proteins and Dishevelled is required to induce PKC activation and membrane translocation. In Xenopus gastrulation, β-Arrestin function in Wnt/Ca2+ signaling is essential for convergent extension movements. We further show that β-Arrestin physically interacts with the β subunit of trimeric G-proteins and Dishevelled, and that the interaction between β-Arrestin and Dishevelled is promoted by the beta/gamma subunits of trimeric G-proteins, indicating the formation of a multiprotein signaling complex.
Weighted Hough Forest for object detection

Hough Forest is an object detection method based on voting from patch images. In the Hough Forest training, some negative patches are trained as a positive sample because the patches are truncated from the background region in a positive image. This makes a reason to occur false positives. To overcome this problem, we introduce weight updating of training sample to the Hough Forest. In the training of the proposed method, if there is a positive sample with a high value of similarity with a negative sample, sample weight are updated to be smaller at each layer of the decision tree. This makes it possible to suppress the vote to the background area. Experimental results show that the detection performance of the proposed method is 11% better than that of conventional method, and is same as the conventional method with masked images.
A Simple Visual Ethanol Biosensor Based on Alcohol Oxidase Immobilized onto Polyaniline Film for Halal Verification of Fermented Beverage Samples

A simple visual ethanol biosensor based on alcohol oxidase (AOX) immobilised onto polyaniline (PANI) film for halal verification of fermented beverage samples is described. This biosensor responds to ethanol via a colour change from green to blue, due to the enzymatic reaction of ethanol that produces acetaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide, when the latter oxidizes the PANI film. The procedure to obtain this biosensor consists of the immobilization of AOX onto PANI film by adsorption. For the immobilisation, an AOX solution is deposited on the PANI film and left at room temperature until dried (30 min). The biosensor was constructed as a dip stick for visual and simple use. The colour changes of the films have been scanned and analysed using image analysis software (i.e., ImageJ) to study the characteristics of the biosensor's response toward ethanol. The biosensor has a linear response in an ethanol concentration range of 0.01%–0.8%, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.996. The limit detection of the biosensor was 0.001%, with reproducibility (RSD) of 1.6% and a life time up to seven weeks when stored at 4 °C. The biosensor provides accurate results for ethanol determination in fermented drinks and was in good agreement with the standard method (gas chromatography) results. Thus, the biosensor could be used as a simple visual method for ethanol determination in fermented beverage samples that can be useful for Muslim community for halal verification.
Frequent Mutational Activation of the PI3K-AKT Pathway in Trastuzumab-Resistant Breast Cancer

Purpose: HER2-amplified breast cancer is sometimes clinically insensitive to HER2-targeted treatment with trastuzumab. Laboratory models of resistance have causally implicated changes in HER2 expression and activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–AKT pathway. We conducted a prospective tissue acquisition study to determine if there is evidence for these lesions in metastatic tumors that have progressed on trastuzumab-containing therapy. Experimental Design: From 2/2007 to 11/2011, 63 patients with HER2-amplified breast cancer with recurrence of disease after adjuvant trastuzumab therapy or World Health Organization–defined progression of metastatic disease on a trastuzumab-containing regimen were prospectively enrolled and underwent tumor biopsy. Specimens were analyzed for activating mutations in PIK3CA and HER2 by Sequenom and analyzed for HER2 and PTEN status by immunohistochemistry. Results: In 53/60 cases (88%, 3 cases not evaluable for HER2), HER2 overexpression persisted in the metastatic tumor following trastuzumab exposure. Among the 7 cases lacking HER2 overexpression, repeat analysis of the pretreatment tumor failed to confirm HER2 overexpression in five cases. Among cases evaluable for PTEN (56) or PI3K mutation (45), absent or significantly diminished PTEN expression was noted in 33 (59%) and activating mutations in PIK3CA in 13 (29%). The combined rate of PTEN loss and PIK3CA mutation in the trastuzumab-refractory tumors was 71% compared with 44% (P = 0.007) in an unexposed cohort of 73 HER2-amplified tumors. Conclusions: In this series of prospectively collected trastuzumab-refractory human breast cancers, loss of HER2 overexpression was rare, whereas activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway through loss of PTEN or PIK3CA mutation was frequently observed. Clin Cancer Res; 18(24); 6784–91. ©2012 AACR.
LOCATION MANAGEMENT COST FOR DYNAMIC LOCATION UPDATE AND PAGING FOR PCS NETWORKS

The standard technique for cellular networks is to decrease radio cell size, thereby maintaining a supportable subscriber density. However, smaller cell sizes result in increased signaling for location management procedures, which reduces the bandwidth available for user traffic and increases the cost. A dynamic distance-based location update with sequential paging with no delay constraint algorithm has been considered and compared with other location algorithms in terms of location management cost. The developed MATLAB based mobility model outputs the cellular parameters and location update messages count during the movement of the mobile station. The results from this model were used to calculate the update ratio and the search costs for four algorithms. A comparison of the total cost for all the algorithms had been considered. Performance analysis and simulation results show that the dynamic algorithm gives the best cost compared the other used algorithms. Keyword: location management; dynamic location update; sequential paging; location cost, PCS networks.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF LOAN PORTFOLIO VALUE

Image transmitted through objective is selectively deflected or not by a controllable intercepting element. When so deflected, image passes to image or focal plane with a certain field size. When not deflected by intercepting element, image is subsequently deflected and directed to same image or focal plane with a different field size. Apparatus is particularly useful in infrared devices and can be provided with coordinate determining device at focal plane.
Facial and bio-signal fusion based driver alertness system using Dynamic Bayesian Network

Car accidents are a major threat to drivers which happens because of fatigue and we have no effective alertness system to detect them, previous methods have concentrated only on facial recognition that includes eye closure, blink-frequency to determine the number of times he is closing his eyes, eigenfaces modeling which takes multiple images of a person under different light illumination condition. These methods have not concentrated towards the biological condition of the person which can normally be detected by ElectroCardioGraph(ECG), ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG). So this paper concentrated towards face recognition by using Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm and bio-signal by calculating saturation of oxygen (Sp02) in blood determined by a Pulseoximeter and also the pressure applied on steering determined by pressure sensor, defines a threshold value for determining fatigue and to improve performance we fused the facial and bio-signal values using Dynamic Bayesian Network which is an effective algorithm to detect fatigue. A warning system sounds if driver fatigue is believed to reach a defined threshold. We can also consider the pressure given by the driver on the steering and on applying brakes which will vary according to driver's biological condition.
An analysis of a war-like card game

In his book "Mathematical Mind-Benders", Peter Winkler poses the following open problem, originally due to the first author: "[In the game Peer Pressure,] two players are dealt some number of cards, initially face up, each card carrying a different integer. In each round, the players simultaneously play a card; the higher card is discarded and the lower card passed to the other player. The player who runs out of cards loses. As the number of cards dealt becomes larger, what is the limiting probability that one of the players will have a winning strategy? " We show that the answer to this question is zero, as Winkler suspected. Moreover, assume the cards are dealt so that one player receives r >= 1 cards for every one card of the other. Then if r phi, it is one.
Vibrotactile Emotions on a Mobile Phone

Vibrotactile sensations to sight and sound cues on mobile handsets make content more realistic, fun and operation more intuitive. An intuitive method to render human facial feature for visually impaired is evaluated for effectiveness. In current system, the vibration of a mobile phone is used to provide emotion information based on human lip¿s shape. Using designed vibration patterns, the users are able to tactually perceive emotion information of others. The evaluation of current system¿s efficiency based on usability guidelines shows almost perfect recognition accuracy of emotions based on facial features.