Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of absorption and scattering characteristics of kiwifruit tissue using a single integrating sphere system

For a quantitative understanding of light interaction with fruit tissue, it is critical to obtain two fundamental parameters: the absorption coefficient and the scattering coefficient of the tissue. This study was to investigate the optical properties of kiwifruit tissue at the wavelength of 632.8 nm. The total reflectance and total transmittance of kiwifruit tissue from three parts (including the flesh part, the seed part, and the seed-base part) were measured using a single integrating sphere system. Based on the measured spectral signals, the absorption coefficient μa and the reduced scattering coefficient μs′ of kiwifruit tissue were calculated using the inverse adding-doubling (IAD) method. Phantoms made from Intralipid 20% and India ink as well as a Biomimic solid phantom were used for system validation. The mean values of μa and μs′ of different parts of the kiwifruit were 0.031–0.308 mm−1 and 0.120–0.946 mm−1, respectively. The results showed significant differences among the μa and μs′ of the three parts of the kiwifruit. The results of this study confirmed the importance of studying the optical properties for a quantitative understanding of light interaction with fruit tissue. Further investigation of fruit optical properties will be extended to a broader spectral region and different kinds of fruits. 中文概要目 的开展水果组织的光传输特性检测分析, 以猕猴桃组织为例探讨其在632.8 nm 波长的光传输特性。 创新点开发基于单积分球的水果组织光传输特性自动检测系统, 验证其可靠性并应用于水果组织的分析, 并获得猕猴桃组织不同部位在632.8 nm 的吸收和散射系数。 方 法利用所搭建的单积分球系统, 获取三个不同部位(果肉、种子和种子基座)组织的全反射和全透射信息, 测量各个组织切片的厚度及折射率。 运用逆倍增算法计算得到各组织样本的吸收系数μa和约化散射系数μs′, 并根据计算所得结果对猕猴桃不同组织的光传输特性进行比较分析。 结 论本实验结果测得猕猴桃不同部位组织的吸收系数和散射系数分别为0.031∼0.308 mm−1 和0.120∼0.946 mm−1, 并显示猕猴桃不同部位组织的吸收和散射特性具有显著差异。 种子部位受随机分散的种子的影响较大, 组织较均匀的果肉和种子基座部位结果证实散射系数大于吸收系数, 符合生物组织高散射介质特性。 这些结果说明了定量测定组织的光传输特性参数对深入研究光与水果组织相互作用的重要性。
Extended multispectral face presentation attack detection: An approach based on fusing information from individual spectral bands

Multispectral face recognition systems are widely used in various access control applications. The vulnerability of multispectral face recognition sensors towards low-cost Presentation Attack Instrument (PAI) such as printed photos used in attacks has emerged as a serious security threat. In this paper, we present a novel framework to detect presentation attacks against an extended multispectral face sensor. The proposed framework stems from the idea of exploring the complementary information available from different bands of an extended multispectral face sensor. To this extent, two different frameworks are proposed where the first framework is based on image fusion and the second builds on the Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) score level fusion. Extensive experiments are carried out on the extended multispectral face sensor database comprising of 50 subjects with two different presentation attacks generated using the printed photo artefacts. The obtained results indicate the superior performance of the PAD score level fusion on detecting both known and unknown attacks.
Isolation of the receptor for IgG from a human monocyte cell line (U937) and from human peripheral blood monocytes

The Fc receptors for IgG from a human monocyte line (U937) and from highly purified human peripheral blood monocytes were solubilized, purified, and partially characterized. Both sources of cells gave indistinguishable results. Two molecules (or sets of molecules), one of about 72,000 mol wt and the other of 40,000-43,000 mol wt were discerned on autoradiograms of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)- polyacrylamide gels analyzing acid eluates from Sepharose-IgG columns over which detergent lysates of radioiodinated cells had been passed. The larger of the two molecules, p72, accounted for greater than or equal to 90% of the radioactivity. This component was noted to be heterodisperse both by size on SDS gels and by charge on isoelectric focusing gels. The charge heterogeneity, being virtually eliminated by neuraminidase and tunicamycin, was probably due to variable glycosylation. Several lines of evidence indicated that p72 is probably all or part of the Fc receptor: (a) radiolabeling of this molecule using chloroglycouril was blocked by IgG of the Fc receptor; (b) in soluble form this molecule expressed ligand specificity identical to the in situ receptor; (c) the molecule was not recovered from affinity adsorbants bearing proteins that do not bind to the Fc receptors, nor (d) from a human T cell line that does not bear Fc receptors. The smaller of the two molecules isolated, p40-43, is at least in part actin. Its relationship to p72 is not understood.
Will the Initiator of Fatty Acid Synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Please Stand Up?

Type II fatty acid synthesis (FASII) is vital for bacterial membrane biogenesis. The first condensation step in the pathway is carried out by β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase III, or FabH, and subsequent condensation reactions are executed by the FabB/F family of enzymes. The
Assessing convergence diagnostic tests for Bayesian Cox regression

ABSTRACT The Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method generates samples from the posterior distribution and uses these samples to approximate expectations of quantities of interest. For the process, researchers have to decide whether the Markov chain has reached the desired posterior distribution. Using convergence diagnostic tests are very important to decide whether the Markov chain has reached the target distribution. Our interest in this study was to compare the performances of convergence diagnostic tests for all parameters of Bayesian Cox regression model with different number of iterations by using a simulation and a real lung cancer dataset.
A Reconfigurable Middleware for Dynamic Management of Heterogeneous Applications in Multi-Gateway Mobile Sensor Networks

In this demo, we will showcase the operation of a middleware for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) able to support and manage mobile sensor nodes. In particular, we show how the middleware can support an application for dynamically tracking the temperature of mobile objects, which may well represent the case of courier interested in keeping the temperature of specific goods under control during delivery.
Examining multiple behavioral effects of third-person perception: Evidence from the news about Fukushima nuclear crisis in Taiwan

This study focuses on examining the behavioral component of the third-person effect. It explores the self-other perceptual gap concerning the influence of nuclear pollution news on the prediction of different actions: corrective, protective, and promotional. The study analyzes data from a probability sample collected in Taiwan after the news about nuclear pollution from Fukushima was widely reported. The results showed that the discrepancy in self-other perceptions was a significant predictor of multiple behavioral intentions, which included seeking self-protection (e.g., taking iodide pills), supporting corrective actions (e.g., opposing the building of new nuclear power plants), and supporting government-led promotional measures (e.g., launching public educational campaigns on nuclear safety). These results indicate that the behavioral component of the third-person effect extends beyond the realm of willingness to censor.
Technology Adoption Costs and Productivity Growth: The Transition to Information Technology

Using two panels of U.S. manufacturing industries, this paper estimates capital adjustment costs from 1961 to 1996. I find that from 1974-83 adjustment costs rose sharply --they more that doubled from about 3% of output to around 7%. Moreover, this increase is specifically associated with a shift to investment in information technology. But such large adoption costs imply that the Solow residual mismeasures productivity growth: adoption costs are resource costs representing an unmeasured investment. I find that when this investment is included, productivity grew about 0.4% per annum faster than official measures during the 70's and early 80's, reducing the size of the productivity "slowdown. " Indeed, estimated productivity growth rates were roughly the same from 1974-88 as from 1949-73. Thus technology transitions critically affect productivity growth measurement. (Copyright: Elsevier)
A Superlinearly Convergent Method for a Class of Complementarity Problems with Non-Lipschitzian Functions

We consider a class of complementarity problems involving functions which are not Lipschitz continuous. In this paper we reformulate this class of non-Lipschitzian complementarity problems into a Lipschitzian complementarity problem. Then we propose an inexact smoothing Newton method to solve this Lipschitzian complementarity problem. We prove that our proposed method converges quadratically and globally under a mild condition. Numerical results show that this method is promising. This method can solve these kinds of complementarity problems with one million variables in reasonable time on a PC with 1 GB of RAM.
Tool support for measuring complexity in heterogeneous object-oriented software

In this paper the design of a CASE tool for measuring the complexity of object oriented software systems is described. Use of the tool within the software testing and release sub-process is outlined. The paper argues that (i) for metrics to be properly integrated into a software process requires tool support; (ii) tools must support heterogeneous systems often involving multiple programming languages to be useful in commercial development environments and (iii) given the immaturity of current complexity metrics, tools must be adaptable so that new metrics can readily be incorporated to best support the software process. Using an object oriented programming language meta-model in its database schema, the tool provides a flexible architecture facilitating support for new object oriented programming languages and metrics with relative ease. We believe these are essential requirements for measurement tools used in environments of constantly improving software processes indicative of high maturity organisations.
Reaching for the unreachable: integration of locomotion and whole-body movements for extended visually guided reaching

We present a novel control architecture for the integration of visually guided walking and whole-body reaching in a humanoid robot.We propose to use robot gaze as a common reference frame for both locomotion and reaching, as suggested by behavioral neuroscience studies in humans. A gaze controller allows the robot to track and fixate a target object, and motor information related to gaze control is then used to i) estimate the reachability of the target, ii) steer locomotion, iii) control whole-body reaching. The reachability is a measure of how well the object can be reached for, depending on the position and posture of the robot with respect to the target, and it is obtained from the gaze motor information using a mapping that has been learned autonomously by the robot through motor experience: we call this mapping Reachable Space Map. In our approach, both locomotion and whole-body movements are seen as ways to maximize the reachability of a visually detected object, thus i) expanding the robot workspace to the entire visible space and ii) exploiting the robot redundancy to optimize reaching. We implement our method on a full 48-DOF humanoid robot and provide experimental results in the real world.
The role of morpho-phonological factors in subject–predicate gender agreement in Hebrew

The present study investigated the role of overt phonological realisation of morphological marking on the implementation of subject–predicate agreement in language production. This study was conducted in Hebrew, and focused on subject–predicate gender agreement for inanimate nouns. In Hebrew, singular masculine forms are usually morphologically unmarked, whereas singular feminine forms are morphologically marked. Although the system is generally consistent, it includes examples of feminine forms which are not marked with feminine suffixes, i.e., unmarked feminine forms. Likewise, there are particular suffixes that usually denote masculine or feminine plurals. However, there are examples of masculine plurals which are inflected irregularly, with a feminine suffix. We took advantage of these characteristics of Hebrew to manipulate morphological factors in the process of agreement production. Using a sentence-completion task for complex noun phrases, we tested the effect of the absence of overt gender marking (Exp. 1) and misleading gender marking (Exp. 2) of the local noun on the frequency of agreement errors. The results revealed that whereas the absence of overt gender marking did not affect the frequency of agreement errors, overt misleading gender marking did affect it. The results are discussed in relation to the distinction between inflectional and derivational structures and their relevance to the process of computing agreement in the Marking and Morphing model (Eberhard, Cutting, & Bock, 2005).
The Pairing Game: A Classroom Demonstration of the Matching Phenomenon

This article describes 2 versions of an in-class simulation that allows students to directly experience the matching phenomenon and explore issues concerning mate selection, social exchange, and related psychological concepts. Students are randomly assigned a value (either a numerical value or a list of adjectives), which they place on their forehead so others can see it but the student cannot. The goal is to pair off with another student with as high a value as possible. The simulation, called the Pairing Game, illustrates how matching on similarity can occur, even in the absence of knowledge of one's own value and merely by seeking the highest value possible in a partner. Students in Development Psychology courses responded favorably to the simulation on an anonymous survey.
Quantifying Uncertainty in Vehicle Simulation Studies

The design of vehicles, particularly hybrid and other advanced technology vehicles, is typically complex and benefits from systems engineering processes. Vehicle modeling and simulation have become increasingly important system design tools to improve the accuracy, repeatability, and flexibility of the design process. In developing vehicle computational models and simulation, there is an inevitable compromise between the level of detail and the development/computational cost. The tradeoff is specific to the requirements of each vehicle design effort. The assumptions and detail limitations used for vehicle simulations lead to a varying degree of result uncertainty for each design effort. This paper provides a literature review to investigate the state of the art vehicle simulation methods, and quantifies the uncertainty associated with components that are commonly allocated uncertainty. By understanding the inaccuracies and inconsistencies within these studies, improved simulation methods can be proposed. The consequences or accuracy of common assumptions are determined which will aid future simulation efforts as well as provide metrics for evaluating the appropriateness of past efforts. The results of this paper will aid future simulation design efforts and can begin to define standards by which simulation design studies are conducted. CITATION: Geller, B. and Bradley, T. , "Quantifying Uncertainty in Vehicle Simulation Studies," SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars Mech. Syst. 5(1):2012, doi:10.4271/2012-01-0506. ____________________________________ 381 Downloaded from SAE International by Colorado State Univ, Monday, November 14, 2016
Iris recognition for biometric identification using dyadic wavelet transform zero-crossing

A novel biometric identification approach based on the human iris pattern is proposed. The main idea of this technique is to represent the features of the iris by fine-to-coarse approximations at different resolution levels based on the discrete dyadic wavelet transform zero-crossing representation. The resulting one-dimensional (1D) signals are compared with model features using different distances. Before performing the feature extraction, a pre-processing step is to be made by image processing techniques, isolating the iris and enhancing the area of study. The proposed technique is translation, rotation and scale invariant. Results show a classification success above 98%, achieving an equal error rate equal to 0.21% and the possibility of having null false acceptance rates with low false rejection rates.
Birthweight and the risk of atopic diseases: the ISAAC Phase III study.

BACKGROUND The association between birthweight and asthma, eczema and rhinoconjunctivitisis conflicting. AIMS To examine the association between birthweight and symptoms of asthma, eczema and rhinoconjunctivitis. METHODS Parents or guardians of children aged 6–7 yr completed written questionnaires about symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema, and several risk factors, including birthweight. RESULTS There were 162,324 children from 60 centres in 26 countries. Low birthweight(<2.5 kg) was associated with an increased risk of symptoms of asthma (current wheeze odds ratio = 1.20; 95% confidence interval = 1.12–1.30). Low birthweight was associated with a lower risk of eczema ever. Low birthweight was not associated with rhinoconjunctivitis. Large babies (birthweight ≥4.5 kg) were not associated with any of these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This study has confirmed that low birthweight is a risk factor for symptoms of asthma, but not for rhinoconjunctivitis. The findings for eczema are equivocal.
Genome‐Wide Studies Reveal That Lin28 Enhances the Translation of Genes Important for Growth and Survival of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Lin28 inhibits the expression of let‐7 microRNAs but also exhibits let‐7‐independent functions. Using immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing, we show here that Lin28 preferentially associates with a small subset of cellular mRNAs. Of particular interest are those for ribosomal proteins and metabolic enzymes, the expression levels of which are known to be coupled to cell growth and survival. Polysome profiling and reporter analyses suggest that Lin28 stimulates the translation of many or most of these targets. Moreover, Lin28‐responsive elements were found within the coding regions of all target genes tested. Finally, a mutant Lin28 that still binds RNA but fails to interact with RNA helicase A (RHA), acts as a dominant‐negative inhibitor of Lin28‐dependent stimulation of translation. We suggest that Lin28, working in concert with RHA, enhances the translation of genes important for the growth and survival of human embryonic stem cells. STEM CELLS 2011;496–504
Spectral distortions to the cosmic microwave background from the recombination of hydrogen and helium

The recombination of hydrogen and helium at z ∼ 1000-7000 gives unavoidable distortions to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum. We present a detailed calculation of the line intensities arising from the Lyman a (Lya) (2p-ls) and two-photon (2s-ls) transitions for the recombination of hydrogen, as well as the corresponding lines from helium. We give an approximate formula for the strength of the main recombination line distortion on the CMB in different cosmologies; this peak occurring at about 170 μm. We also find a previously undescribed long-wavelength peak (which we call the pre-recombination peak) from the lines of the 2p-1 s transitions, which are formed before significant recombination of the corresponding atoms occurred. Detailed calculations of the two-photon emission-line shapes are presented here for the first time. The frequencies of the photons emitted from the two-photon transition have a wide spectrum and this causes the location of the peak of the two-photon line of hydrogen to be located almost at the same wavelength as the main Lya peak. The helium lines also give distortions at similar wavelengths, so that the combined distortion has a complex shape. The detection of this distortion would provide direct supporting evidence that the Universe was indeed once a plasma. Moreover, the distortions are a sensitive probe of physics during the time of recombination. Although the spectral distortion is overwhelmed by dust emission from the Galaxy, and is maximum at wavelengths roughly where the cosmic far-infrared background peaks, it may be able to tailor an experiment to detect its non-trivial shape.
DENSITY REGULATION IN TADPOLES OF RANA TEMPORARIA: A FULL POND FIELD EXPERIMENT

Tadpole density dependence has repeatedly been studied in laboratories and mesocosms, but rarely in natural ponds. The present study manipulated density in three ponds; each pond was divided into one low density section and one high density section. The experiment was run for eight years, switching density treatments within ponds among years. This experimental design cannot definitively separate the experimental density effects from certain lag effects. This problem is discussed. Nonetheless, in all ponds tadpole survival was affected by the density manipulation. The reduced survival of larvae at high density was most pronounced in the pond with the overall highest density. In this pond, the density-dependent mortality almost offset the original, experimental, density difference between sections. Effects on tadpole and metamorph size and development rate were found in those cases in which density-dependent mortality was weak and treatment effects on density persisted to the later stages of tadpole development. However, even if significant, these were generally of small magnitude compared to the variation among ponds and years. I suggest that different modes and degrees of regulation among populations of one species of frog are to be expected, not only due to variation in pond quality but also due to variation in the surrounding terrestrial habitat. This may determine the balance between tadpole and adult population regulation.
A Corpus-Based Tool for Exploring Domain-Specific Collocations in English

Coxhead’s (2000) Academic Word List (AWL) has been frequently used in EAP classrooms and re-examined in light of various domain-specific corpora. Although well-received, the AWL has been criticized for ignoring the fact that words tend to show irregular distributions and be used in different ways across disciplines (Hyland and Tse, 2007). One such difference concerns collocations. Academic words (e.g. analyze) often co-occur with different words across domains and contain different meanings. What EAP students need is a “disciplinebased lexical repertoire” (p.235). Inspired by Hyland and Tse, we develop an online corpus-based tool, TechCollo, which is meant for EAP students to explore collocations in one domain or compare collocations across disciplines. It runs on textual data from six specialized corpora and utilizes frequency, traditional mutual information, and normalized MI (Wible et al., 2004) as measures to decide whether co-occurring word pairs constitute collocations. In this article we describe the current released version of TechCollo and how to use it in EAP studies. Additionally, we discuss a pilot study in which we used TechCollo to investigate whether the AWL words take different collocates in different domainspecific corpora. This pilot basically confirmed Hyland and Tse and demonstrates that many AWL words show uneven distributions and collocational differences across domains.