Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Xylosyltransferase I Gene Expression by Interleukin 1β in Human Primary Chondrocyte Cells

Background: Xylosyltransferase I plays a critical role in proteoglycan synthesis. Results: IL-1β cytokine regulates xylosyltranserase I expression into an early phase of induction and a late phase of repression through AP-1 and Sp3, respectively. Conclusion: AP-1 and Sp3 are key regulators of IL-1β-mediated modulation of xylosyltransferase I expression. Significance: Sp3 may be a putative target to prevent IL-1β-mediated inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis during osteoarthritis. Xylosyltransferase I (XT-I) is an essential enzyme of proteoglycan (PG) biosynthesis pathway catalyzing the initial and rate-limiting step in glycosaminoglycan chain assembly. It plays a critical role in the regulation of PG synthesis in cartilage; however, little is known about underlying mechanism. Here, we provide evidence that, in human primary chondrocytes, IL-1β regulates XT-I gene expression into an early phase of induction and a late phase of down-regulation. Based on promoter deletions, the region up to −850 bp was defined as a major element of XT-I gene displaying both constitutive and IL-1β-regulated promoter activity. Point mutation and signaling analyses revealed that IL-1β-induced promoter activity is achieved through AP-1 response elements and mediated by SAP/JNK and p38 signaling pathways. Transactivation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that AP-1 is a potent transactivator of XT-I promoter and that IL-1β-induced activity is mediated through increased recruitment of AP-1 to the promoter. Finally, we show that Sp3 is a repressor of XT-I promoter and bring evidence that the repressive effect of IL-1β during the late phase is mediated through Sp3 recruitment to the promoter. This suggests that modulation of Sp3 in cartilage could prevent IL-1β inhibition of PG synthesis and limit tissue degradation.
Tacrolimus Combined with Two Different Dosages of Sirolimus in Kidney Transplantation: Results of a Multicenter Study

Tacrolimus combined with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an effective regimen in kidney transplantation. This study compared the efficacy of combining tacrolimus and two different dosages of sirolimus with an established tacrolimus‐MMF regimen. Each day in addition to tacrolimus, 325 patients received 2 mg sirolimus (TAC‐SRL2 mg), 325 patients received 0.5 mg sirolimus (TAC‐SRL0.5 mg) and 327 patients 1 g MMF (TAC‐MMF). The initial tacrolimus dose was 0.2 mg/kg/day. Sirolimus patients received loading doses of 6 or 1.5 mg, and daily doses of 2 or 0.5 mg thereafter. Steroid administration was identical for all groups. The incidence of biopsy‐proven acute rejection was lower in the TAC‐SRL2 mg group (15.7%) compared with the TAC‐SRL0.5 mg (25.2%, p = 0.003) and the TAC‐MMF groups (22.3%, p = 0.036). Six‐month graft survival was 91.0% (TAC‐SRL2 mg), 92.6% (TAC‐SRL0.5 mg) and 92.4% (TAC‐MMF); the respective values for patient survival were 98.1%, 97.8% and 97.9%. Thirty‐four patients (10.5%), 19 patients (5.8%) and 16 patients (4.9%) in the TAC‐SRL2 mg, TAC‐SRL0.5 mg and TAC‐MMF groups, respectively, discontinued the study because of adverse events. Hyperlipemia was reported more often in the TAC‐SRL2 mg group (24.0%) compared with 19.4% (TAC‐SRL0.5 mg) and 11.0% (TAC‐MMF; p < 0.05). Combining 2 mg sirolimus/day with tacrolimus results in lower rates of acute rejection, but a higher incidence of adverse events.
Design and Analysis of Ag-${\rm Fe}_{3} {\rm O} _{4}$  Films as a Multi-Harmonic Suppressor in Wideband Bandpass Filters

This letter proposes a novel method of designing wideband bandpass filters (BPFs) that contain high-frequency harmonic suppression. Ag-Fe3O4 films are used as harmonic suppression materials in such filters to replace the current general suppressing circuits. The wideband BPF can be designed using distributed highpass filters are equipped with two short-circuited stubs, and Ag-Fe3O4 films are combined with the harmonic suppression mechanism. Several high-order harmonic resonance bands may be suppressed using a wide stopband by adjusting the thickness of the Ag-Fe3O4 films appropriately. The stopband of the proposed wideband BPF is extended to 20 GHz, which result in a rejection level higher than 15 dB.
Synergistic Mechanism of Gene Expression and Pathways between Jasminoidin and Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Treating Focal Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

Jasminoidin and ursodeoxycholic acid are 2 bioactive compounds extracted from Chinese medicine that have been proven to exert a synergistic effect as a combined administration for the treatment of stroke. The aim of this study was to reveal the pharmacogenomic mechanism of this synergistic effect of jasminoidin and ursodeoxycholic acid.
Demonstration on Rhinoplasty

OF all the plastic operations of the face, rhinoplasty is the most difficult, except perhaps otoplasty, of which I have had no experience. The reason why these two sections of the work are so difficult is because they deal with the repair of " end organs. " In approaching the subject of the demonstration, the problem is to be solved from the point of view of the three main elements of the normal nose-that is to say: (1) The outside covering, the skin; (2) bony and cartilaginous framework, and (3) the mucous membrane lining. Whatever element of the. nose has been destroyed has to be replaced. In certain classes of cases-for instance, in burns of the nose, it is necessary to provide the skin covering only. In another large class of case in which the skin covering and the mucous lining are more or less intact, the provision of the supporting element will suffice to restore the organ, whereas in the majority of gunshot injuries there is loss of all three elements. This loss may be partial or complete, and for the purposes of discussion I have divided the "loss of nose" into various groups, according to the portion of nose lost. In discussing these classes of cases, I am illustrating the various methods employed by myself and my colleagues, whether the results have been satisfactory or indifferent. The first class of case is that of loss of portion of the tip, or of the ala?
A Novel Murine Staufen Isoform Modulates the RNA Content of Staufen Complexes

ABSTRACT Mouse Staufen (mStau) is a double-stranded RNA-binding protein associated with polysomes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). We describe a novel endogenous isoform of mStau (termed mStaui) which has an insertion of six amino acids within dsRBD3, the major double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding domain. With a structural change of the RNA-binding domain, this conserved and widely distributed isoform showed strongly impaired dsRNA-binding ability. In transfected cells, mStaui exhibited the same tubulovesicular distribution (RER) as mStau when weakly expressed; however, when overexpressed, mStaui was found in large cytoplasmic granules. Markers of the RER colocalized with mStaui-containing granules, showing that overexpressed mStaui could still be associated with the RER. Cotransfection of mStaui with mStau relocalized overexpressed mStaui to the reticular RER, suggesting that they can form a complex on the RER and that a balance between these isoforms is important to achieve proper localization. Coimmunoprecipitation demonstrated that the two mStau isoforms are components of the same complex in vivo. Analysis of the immunoprecipitates showed that mStau is a component of an RNA-protein complex and that the association with mStaui drastically reduces the RNA content of the complex. We propose that this new isoform, by forming a multiple-isoform complex, regulates the amount of RNA in mStau complexes in mammalian cells.
Lipid polymer hybrid as emerging tool in nanocarriers for oral drug delivery

The oral route for drug delivery is a widely accepted route. For that reason, many researchers are currently working to develop efficient oral drug delivery systems. Use of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and lipid carrier systems, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), has limitations such as drug leakage and high water content of dispersions. Thus, lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs) have been explored by the researchers to provide a better effect using properties of both polymers and lipids. The present review is focused on the challenges, possibilities, and future perspectives of LPNs for oral delivery.
Feasibility of long-term patient self-reporting of toxicities from home via the Internet during routine chemotherapy.

PURPOSE Patient-reported outcomes are increasingly used in routine outpatient cancer care to guide clinical decisions and enhance communication. Prior evidence suggests good patient compliance with reporting at scheduled clinic visits, but there is limited evidence about compliance with long-term longitudinal reporting between visits. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients receiving chemotherapy for lung, gynecologic, genitourinary, or breast cancer at a tertiary cancer center, with access to a home computer and prior e-mail experience, were asked to self-report seven symptomatic toxicities via the Web between visits. E-mail reminders were sent to participants weekly; patient-reported high-grade toxicities triggered e-mail alerts to nurses; printed reports were provided to oncologists at visits. A priori threshold criteria were set to determine if this data collection approach merited further development based on monthly (≥ 75% participants reporting at least once per month on average) and weekly compliance rates (60% at least once per week). RESULTS Between September 2006 and November 2010, 286 patients were enrolled (64% were women; 88% were white; median age, 58 years). Mean follow-up was 34 weeks (range, 2 to 214). On average, monthly compliance was 83%, and weekly compliance was 62%, without attrition until the month before death. Greater compliance was associated with older age and higher education but not with performance status. Compliance was greatest during the initial 12 weeks. Symptomatic illness and technical problems were rarely barriers to compliance. CONCLUSION Monthly compliance with home Web reporting was high, but weekly compliance was lower, warranting strategies to enhance compliance in routine care settings.
Current differential relay with a power-current spectrum blocking for transformer protection

In this paper, a combined power-current spectrum blocking for current differential protection of power transformer is proposed. The proposed algorithm can exclusively classify the internal faults associated with transformer inrush currents. This combination is assessed based on the individual analysis of differential power and power spectrum releasing functions and second harmonic current blocking considering modern design of power transformer. The investigation involves both theoretical and experimental studies in order to validate the new algorithm. Also, the scheme stability and sensitivity boundaries are obtained covering broad band of operational and fault conditions.
Tax and M1 Peptide/HLA-A2-Specific Fabs and T Cell Receptors Recognize Nonidentical Structural Features on Peptide/HLA-A2 Complexes 1

Both TCRs and Ab molecules are capable of MHC-restricted recognition of peptide/MHC complexes. However, such MHC restriction is the predominant mode of recognition by T cells, but is extremely rare for B cells. The present study asks whether the dichotomy in Ag recognition modes of T and B cells could be due to fundamental differences in the methods by which TCRs and Abs recognize peptide/MHC complexes. We have compared MHC and peptide recognition by panels of CTL lines specific for the Tax and M1 peptides presented by HLA-A2 plus Tax and M1 peptide/HLA-A2-specific human Fabs that were selected from a naive phage display library. Collectively, the results indicate both striking similarities and important differences between Fab and TCR recognition of MHC and peptide components of the Tax and M1/HLA-A2 complexes. These findings suggest that these two classes of immunoreceptors have solved the problem of specific recognition of peptide/MHC complexes by nonidentical mechanisms. This conclusion is important in part because it indicates that Ab engineering approaches could produce second-generation Ab molecules that more closely mimic TCR fine specificity. Such efforts may produce more efficacious diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
Power in Collaborative Approaches to Governance for Water: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT This article uses a formal systematic review to examine the extent to which literature discussing collaborative approaches to water governance reflects understanding and awareness of power-related considerations. It makes the case that an analytical approach grounded in theory on power can facilitate assessment of the factors affecting collaboration by identifying the multiscalar, interrelated mechanisms through which power affects collaborative processes and outcomes. Through the review process, it became apparent that fully accounting for power will better enable scholars to link together seemingly disparate conditions for collaborative success (e.g., inclusion, decision-making power, capacity). A power-based approach also incorporates broad socioeconomic factors that fundamentally shape processes but often lie outside the analytical scope of local or regional studies on collaboration. Accounting for power, in the forms and scales identified, will result in better -designed, more effective collaborative approaches to water governance.
Application of energy capacitor system with minimum energy storage capacity for smoother frequency and output power of a grid connected wind farm

Stability enhancement of output power and frequency in grid connected wind farms are major challenges nowadays. A model of a grid connected wind farm consisting of a fixed speed wind turbine based induction generator (IG) connected to the transmission line with an energy capacitor system (ECS) in parallel has been considered in this research work to analyze the output characteristics. ECS consists of converters, inverters along with electric double layer capacitor (EDLC). Choice of line power reference is one of the major factors for stable output power and frequency of the wind farm. In this paper simple low pass filter (LPF) method has been applied to generate line power reference for ECS. It has been revealed from the outcome of the research that line power reference and frequency of the output power obtained is more stable using LPF method. Furthermore, LPF method requires a shorter charging-discharging time and smaller storage capacity. Moreover, a control system is proposed which employs a lead lag compensator for smoothing the output power much more even during fault conditions. PSCAD/EMTDC software is used for simulation purposes.
Catheter delivery systems for infusions into the cortex

In the context of intraparenchymal delivery of therapeutic agents into brain parenchyma for the purpose of treating serious brain diseases, we present the scientific and medical need for infusion from a single source to cover a large area of the cerebral cortex, which we refer to as ‘surface-contoured distributions’ (SCD). The designs of two devices suitable for obtaining such SCD's are described, and the results of preliminary experimental studies with prototypes of them are reported. The studies were done in ex vivo samples of mammalian brain tissues, and histological sections of the brains confirmed that we had covered the large surface area desired. Work to test that the infusate penetrates the thickness of the cortex remains for the future.
Prognostic value of tumor-associated macrophages in pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis

Objective: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) deserve more focus because of its pivotal role in the development of solid tumors and they are related to poor outcomes of several tumors. However, the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating TAMs in pancreatic cancer is still controversial. Experimental design: We conduct a meta-analysis of 1699 patients in 13 studies by reviewing the studies in which the authors evaluated the prognostic value of TAMs density in pancreatic cancer. These studies were searched from inception to November 2018. Hazard ratios (HR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were assessed to explore the prognostic significance of TAMs in pancreatic cancer. Besides, we also conducted a subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. Two reviewers independently abstracted data. Results: A total of 13 studies with 1699 patients were pooled in the analysis to evaluate prognostic value of TAMs in pancreatic cancer. The pooled HRs demonstrated CD68+ TAMs correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in pancreatic cancer patients (HR =1.41, 95% CI =1.05–1.90, random effects model, I2=82.5%, P=0.021). And high generalized M2-TAMs density was significantly associated with poor OS (HR =1.95, 95% CI =1.63–2.33, random effects model, I2=59.2%, P=0.000) and disease-free survival (HR =1.83, 95% CI =1.43–2.36, fixed effects model, I2=0.00%, P=0.000). Pooled analysis showed no significant correlation between elevated TAMs infiltration and lymph node metastasis, tumor stage, histological grade, sex, or tumor location. Conclusion: The density of TAMs has an impact on the overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients. M2-TAMs can be recognized as a prognostic indicator in pancreatic cancer, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Direct histological validation of diffusion tensor MRI in formaldehyde‐fixed myocardium

Diffusion tensor MRI is emerging as a rapid, nondestructive method to map myocardial fiber organization. It accurately measures myofiber orientation in hearts bathed in or perfused with cardioplegic solution. This study shows it also accurately maps the fibrous architecture of formalin‐fixed hearts. Fiber orientations obtained by MRI and histology at the same locations in an excised portion of rabbit ventricle differed on average by 3.7° (SD = 6.4°, N = 70), a closer correspondence than achieved with previous preparations. The longer acquisition times afforded by fixed‐heart imaging provides better accuracy, and should enable high‐resolution reconstruction of the entire ventricular architecture. Magn Reson Med 44:157–161, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Handbook of Medical Image Perception and Techniques

This state-of-the-art book reviews key issues and methods in medical image perception research through associated techniques, illustrations, and examples. Written by key figures in the field, the book covers a range of topics including the history of medical image perception research, the basics of vision and cognition, and dedicated application areas, especially those concerned with the interface between the clinician and the display of medical image data. It summarizes many of the basic techniques used to conduct and analyze medical image perception and observer performance research, allowing readers to understand basic research techniques so they can adopt them for use in their own studies. Written for both newcomers to the field and experienced researchers, this book provides a broad overview of medical image perception, and will serve as a reference volume for years to come.
Are mirror neurons the basis of speech perception? Evidence from five cases with damage to the purported human mirror system

The discovery of mirror neurons in macaque has led to a resurrection of motor theories of speech perception. Although the majority of lesion and functional imaging studies have associated perception with the temporal lobes, it has also been proposed that the ‘human mirror system’, which prominently includes Broca's area, is the neurophysiological substrate of speech perception. Although numerous studies have demonstrated a tight link between sensory and motor speech processes, few have directly assessed the critical prediction of mirror neuron theories of speech perception, namely that damage to the human mirror system should cause severe deficits in speech perception. The present study measured speech perception abilities of patients with lesions involving motor regions in the left posterior frontal lobe and/or inferior parietal lobule (i.e., the proposed human ‘mirror system’). Performance was at or near ceiling in patients with fronto-parietal lesions. It is only when the lesion encroaches on auditory regions in the temporal lobe that perceptual deficits are evident. This suggests that ‘mirror system’ damage does not disrupt speech perception, but rather that auditory systems are the primary substrate for speech perception.
Postpartum depressive symptoms moderate the link between mothers’ neural response to positive faces in reward and social regions and observed caregiving

Abstract Postpartum depression may disrupt socio-affective neural circuitry and compromise provision of positive parenting. Although work has evaluated how parental response to negative stimuli is related to caregiving, research is needed to examine how depressive symptoms during the postpartum period may be related to neural response to positive stimuli, especially positive faces, given depression’s association with biased processing of positive faces. The current study examined the association between neural response to adult happy faces and observations of maternal caregiving and the moderating role of postpartum depression, in a sample of 18- to 22-year old mothers (n = 70) assessed at 17 weeks (s.d. = 4.7 weeks) postpartum. Positive caregiving was associated with greater precuneus and occipital response to positive faces among mothers with lower depressive symptoms, but not for those with higher symptoms. For mothers with higher depressive symptoms, greater ventral and dorsal striatal response to positive faces was associated with more positive caregiving, whereas the opposite pattern emerged for mothers with lower symptoms. There was no association between negative caregiving and neural response to positive faces or negative faces. Processing of positive stimuli may be an important prognostic target in mothers with depressive symptoms, given its link with healthy caregiving behaviors.
Apicomplexa and Histone Variants: What’s New?

Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii present a conserved nucleosome composition based on canonical H3 and variants, H4, canonical H2A and variants, and H2B. One-off, the phylum has also a variant H2B, named H2B.Z, which was shown to form a double variant nucleosome H2A.Z/H2B.Z. These histones also present conserved and unique post-translational modifications (PTMs). Histone variants have shown particular genomic localization and PTMs along euchromatin and heterochromatin, including telomereassociated sequences (TAS), suggesting fine-grained chromatin structure modulation. Several other nonhistone proteins present remarkable participation in controlling chromatin state, especially at TAS. Based on that, we discuss the role of epigenetics (PTMs and histone variants) in Plasmodium and Toxoplasma gene expression, replication, and DNA repair. We also discuss TAS structures and chromatin composition and its impact on antigenic variant expression in Plasmodium.