Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Verification of Temporal Properties of Concurrent Heap-Manipulating Programs using Evolution Logic

This paper addresses the problem of establishing temporal properties of programs written in languages, such as Java, that make extensive use of the heap to allocate— and deallocate—new objects and threads. Establishing liveness properties is a particularly hard challenge. One of the crucial obstacles is that heap locations have no static names and the number of heap locations is unbounded. The paper presents a framework for the verification of Java-like programs. Unlike classical model checking, which uses propositional temporal logic, we use first-order modal logic to specify temporal properties of heap evolutions; this logic allows domain changes to be expressed, which permits allocation and deallocation to be modelled naturally. The paper also presents an abstract-interpretation algorithm that automatically verifies temporal properties expressed using the logic.
Practice among novice change agents in schools

The aim of the article is to understand practice as negotiation of meaning among novice and internal change agents in school organisations. The research question is as follows: What themes of participation and reification/management occur among the change agents? The study was qualitative in design using the social learning theory of community of practice, as well as organisation development theory in the analysis. Primarily, the data source comprised 36 change agents’ journals during 3 years from 2009 to 2011. Four themes of participation and reification were identified in the agents’ negotiation of meaning in their new role: (1) daily work management, (2) emotional supervision, (3) role development and (4) community development. The change agents reified or managed the problems with various micro-processes to structure the work with the teachers. Over time, more macro-processes became visible. The article concludes that the core of practice is the following question: How should the change agent’s role be developed and built upon? This is the question that nurtures the negotiation in the ongoing participation and reification process of being a change agent.
Appeals to Civic Virtue versus Attention to Self-Interest: Effects on Tax Compliance

In an influential article, Schwartz and Orleans (1967) reported that emphasizing normative obligations to obey the law had a greater positive impact on tax compliance than did emphasizing deterrence factors. In this article, we report the results of a conceptual replication of that earlier experiment, within the context of a dynamic model of tax schema change. Prior to filing the 1987 tax year return (the first affected by the 1986 Tax Reform Act, TRA), taxpayers viewed one of two videotapes, one emphasizing the social consequences of the TRA and normative duties, the other emphasizing the personal consequences of the TRA and strategies to reduce tax liability. A control group of taxpayers did not receive information about the TRA. Data on attitudes, beliefs, and self-reported compliance were collected at three points during the tax season. Tax return data from the IRS were also obtained. The results indicate that the normative and personal consequences messages had predictable and persistent effects on tax-specific attitudes. However, these effects did not translate into changes in basic values or compliance, as reflected by either the self-report or the official tax return data. Possible explanations for the discrepancy between the results reported by Schwartz and Orleans (1967) and this experiment are considered.
Revealing protein–lncRNA interaction

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated to a plethora of cellular functions, most of which require the interaction with one or more RNA-binding proteins (RBPs); similarly, RBPs are often able to bind a large number of different RNAs. The currently available knowledge is already drawing an intricate network of interactions, whose deregulation is frequently associated to pathological states. Several different techniques were developed in the past years to obtain protein–RNA binding data in a high-throughput fashion. In parallel, in silico inference methods were developed for the accurate computational prediction of the interaction of RBP–lncRNA pairs. The field is growing rapidly, and it is foreseeable that in the near future, the protein–lncRNA interaction network will rise, offering essential clues for a better understanding of lncRNA cellular mechanisms and their disease-associated perturbations.
A second regulatory gene, blaR1, encoding a potential penicillin-binding protein required for induction of beta-lactamase in Bacillus licheniformis

A second regulatory locus (blaR1) required for the induction of beta-lactamase synthesis in Bacillus licheniformis 749 was cloned and sequenced. The gene was located on a 5.2-kilobase-pair SphI DNA fragment which also contained the beta-lactamase (blaP) and repressor (blaI) genes. Bacillus subtilis BD224 carrying these three genes synthesized beta-lactamase on exposure to cephalosporin C, whereas Escherichia coli HB101 carrying the genes did not show any detectable induction of the enzyme. An open reading frame of 1,803 bases was identified as the blaR1 gene by subcloning and DNA sequencing. The gene started 2 bases downstream of the termination codon of bla1 and was preceded by a putative Shine-Dalgarno sequence (AAGGA) with a spacing of 5 bases. The deduced blaR1 product (601 amino acids) had a molecular weight of 68,425. Five transmembrane regions were predicted from the hydrophobicity profile. The region around Phe-Ala-Pro-Ala-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Lys (amino acids 398 to 405), which appeared to be located outside the membrane, was homologous to the binding regions of penicillin-binding proteins, including the beta-lactamases. The segment of 22 amino acids from 400 to 421 showed more than 70% homology to the penicillin-binding region of PBP 2 of E. coli. The blaR1 gene encodes a potential penicillin receptor which is required for the induction of beta-lactamase in B. licheniformis 749.
Genetic Variants Influencing Circulating Lipid Levels and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease

Objective—Genetic studies might provide new insights into the biological mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism and risk of CAD. We therefore conducted a genome-wide association study to identify novel genetic determinants of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. Methods and Results—We combined genome-wide association data from 8 studies, comprising up to 17 723 participants with information on circulating lipid concentrations. We did independent replication studies in up to 37 774 participants from 8 populations and also in a population of Indian Asian descent. We also assessed the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at lipid loci and risk of CAD in up to 9 633 cases and 38 684 controls. We identified 4 novel genetic loci that showed reproducible associations with lipids (probability values, 1.6×10−8 to 3.1×10−10). These include a potentially functional SNP in the SLC39A8 gene for HDL-C, an SNP near the MYLIP/GMPR and PPP1R3B genes for LDL-C, and at the AFF1 gene for triglycerides. SNPs showing strong statistical association with 1 or more lipid traits at the CELSR2, APOB, APOE-C1-C4-C2 cluster, LPL, ZNF259-APOA5-A4-C3-A1 cluster and TRIB1 loci were also associated with CAD risk (probability values, 1.1×10−3 to 1.2×10−9). Conclusion—We have identified 4 novel loci associated with circulating lipids. We also show that in addition to those that are largely associated with LDL-C, genetic loci mainly associated with circulating triglycerides and HDL-C are also associated with risk of CAD. These findings potentially provide new insights into the biological mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism and CAD risk.
Inferring the Provenance of an Alien Species with DNA Barcodes: The Neotropical Butterfly Dryas iulia in Thailand

The Neotropical butterfly Dryas iulia has been collected from several locations in Thailand and Malaysia since 2007, and has been observed breeding in the wild, using introduced Passiflora foetida as a larval host plant. The butterfly is bred by a butterfly house in Phuket, Thailand, for release at weddings and Buddhist ceremonies, and we hypothesized that this butterfly house was the source of wild, Thai individuals. We compared wing patterns and COI barcodes from two, wild Thai populations with individuals obtained from this butterfly house. All Thai individuals resemble the subspecies D. iulia modesta, and barcodes from wild and captive Thai specimens were identical. This unique, Thai barcode was not found in any of the 30 specimens sampled from the wild in the species' native range, but is most similar to specimens from Costa Rica, where many exporting butterfly farms are located. These data implicate the butterfly house as the source of Thailand's wild D. iulia populations, which are currently so widespread that eradication efforts are unlikely to be successful.
A sensorless position control for four-switch three-phase inverter-fed interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive systems

In this paper, a sensorless position control for four-switch three-phase (FSTP) inverter-fed interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive systems is proposed and studied. Unlike traditional sensorless position controls that are based on zero-voltage switching mode generated by a six-switch three-phase (SSTP) inverter, the proposed method utilizes the nature of the FSTP inverter; that is, only four active-voltage switching modes are generated. Using basic circuit theory, the relationship between the rotor position and the current-slope differences can be derived and expressed as 24 transformation matrices. The current-slope differences are calculated by two stator current slopes corresponding to the two different active-voltage switching modes. By reducing the number of power switches and using the proposed method to eliminate the encoder, a cost-effective FSTP inverter-fed sensorless IPMSM drive system is developed. Moreover, no additional hardware circuits and no switching strategy change are required for existing drive systems. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
In vitro Biofilm Formation in an 8-well Chamber Slide

The chronic nature of many diseases is attributed to the formation of bacterial biofilms which are recalcitrant to traditional antibiotic therapy. Biofilms are community-associated bacteria attached to a surface and encased in a matrix. The role of the extracellular matrix is multifaceted, including facilitating nutrient acquisition, and offers significant protection against environmental stresses (e.g. host immune responses). In an effort to acquire a better understanding as to how the bacteria within a biofilm respond to environmental stresses we have used a protocol wherein we visualize bacterial biofilms which have formed in an 8-well chamber slide. The biofilms were stained with the BacLight Live/Dead stain and examined using a confocal microscope to characterize the relative biofilm size, and structure under varying incubation conditions. Z-stack images were collected via confocal microscopy and analyzed by COMSTAT. This protocol can be used to help elucidate the mechanism and kinetics by which biofilms form, as well as identify components that are important to biofilm structure and stability.
Spatial remapping of the visual world across saccades

Recent research has identified neurons in the visual system that remap their receptive fields before a saccade. The activity of these neurons may signal a prediction of postsaccadic visual input, derived from an efference copy of saccadic motor output. Such a prediction is often thought to underlie our perception of a stable visual world, by compensating for the shifts in retinal image that accompany each eye movement. Here we review the evidence, and conclude that prediction does not in fact play a significant role in maintaining visual stability. Instead, we consider a novel perspective in which the primary function of spatial remapping is to support three key nonperceptual processes: action control, sensorimotor adaptation and spatial memory.
Role of breast cancer resistance protein in the bioavailability and fetal penetration of topotecan.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/MXR/ABCP) is a multidrug-resistance protein that is a member of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette family of drug transporters. BCRP can render tumor cells resistant to the anticancer drugs topotecan, mitoxantrone, doxorubicin, and daunorubicin. To investigate the physiologic role of BCRP, we used polarized mammalian cell lines to determine the direction of BCRP drug transport. We also used the BCRP inhibitor GF120918 to assess the role of BCRP in protecting mice against xenobiotic drugs. Bcrp1, the murine homologue of BCRP, was expressed in the polarized mammalian cell lines LLC-PK1 and MDCK-II, and the direction of Bcrp1-mediated transport of topotecan and mitoxantrone was determined. To avoid the confounding drug transport provided by P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the roles of Bcrp1 in the bioavailability of topotecan and the effect of GF120918 were studied in both wild-type and P-gp-deficient mice and their fetuses. RESULTS Bcrp1 mediated apically directed transport of drugs in polarized cell lines. When both topotecan and GF120918 were administered orally, the bioavailability (i.e., the extent to which a drug becomes available to a target tissue after administration) of topotecan in plasma was dramatically increased in P-gp-deficient mice (greater than sixfold) and wild-type mice (greater than ninefold), compared with the control (i.e., vehicle-treated) mice. Furthermore, treatment with GF120918 decreased plasma clearance and hepatobiliary excretion of topotecan and increased (re-)uptake by the small intestine. In pregnant GF120918-treated, P-gp-deficient mice, relative fetal penetration of topotecan was twofold higher than that in pregnant vehicle-treated mice, suggesting a function for BCRP in the maternal-fetal barrier of the placenta. CONCLUSIONS Bcrp1 mediates apically directed drug transport, appears to reduce drug bioavailability, and protects fetuses against drugs. We propose that strategic application of BCRP inhibitors may thus lead to more effective oral chemotherapy with topotecan or other BCRP substrate drugs.
Load balancing by unbalanced capacitive shunt compensation — A numerical approach

The paper presents the results of few numerical applications for sustaining the idea of unbalancing transversal capacitive compensation like a method for balancing the load of the electrical distribution networks and consequently to increase the voltage quality and the efficiency. The load balancing, analytical described by the annulment of negative component of the currents on the load phases, is possible by using a three-phase shunt compensator in delta connection, which contains only capacitive susceptances and/or inductive susceptances. The authors sustain in this paper the advantages of using simplified compensators, which contains only capacitive susceptances, and which, in the most of practical situations allows the total or almost total balancing of the load. The structures of this compensators will conduce to low costs, even when this are used for an on-line compensation, the capacitive susceptances control is individually depending on the nature and the dimension of the load unbalancing. The paper contains numerical examples regarding a three-phase low voltage network.
Predicting Opinion Leaders in Twitter Activism Networks

This study employs content and network analysis techniques to explore the predictors of opinion leadership in a political activism network on Twitter. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using user-generated content to measure user characteristics. The characteristics were analyzed to predict users’ performance in the network. According to the results, Twitter users with higher connectivity and issue involvement are better at influencing information flow on Twitter. User connectivity was measured by betweenness centrality, and issue involvement was measured by a user’s geographic proximity to a given event and the contribution of engaging tweets. In addition, the results show that tweets by organizations had greater influence than those by individual users.
A high resolution time-reversal based approach for indoor localization using commodity WiFi devices

We study the effect of multipath component and bandwidth on the performance of the existing time-reversal(TR) based fingerprinting localization approaches. We find that localization accuracy of these approaches deteriorates with limited bandwidth. To improve the localization performance, we propose a high resolution time reversal approach, i.e., TR-Phase, through jointly considering two unique location-specified signatures extracted from channel state information. Experimental results are presented to confirm that the proposed approach can efficiently mitigate accuracy deterioration with limited bandwidth and consequently achieve higher resolution compared with the existing TR localization approaches.
Erken Çocukluk Eğitiminde Önem Verilmesi Gereken Gelişimsel Alanlar: Anne-Baba ve Öğretmen Önceliklerinin Karşılaştırılması

olarak uygun, uyarıcılar açısından zengin ve yapılandırılmış bir çevrede gelişimlerini destekleyici öğrenme fırsatları sunmanın önemi konusunda anne-babaların farkındalıkları gün geçtikçe artmaktadır (Argon ve Akkaya, 2008; Tokuç ve Tuğrul, 2007). Bu artışa paralel olarak, her ne kadar halen gelişmiş ülkelerdeki oranın oldukça altında olsa da, ülkemizde okul öncesinde okullaşma oranında son yıllarda bir yükseliş gözlenmektedir (Bekman, 2005; Çiftçi, 2011; Derman ve Başal, 2010). Erken çocukluk döneminde verilen eğitim hizmetlerinin ülkemizdeki gelişiminin göstergelerinden birisi de eğitim hizmetlerinin niteliğini arttırmaya yönelik olarak yapılan program geliştirme çalışmalarıdır. İlk defa 1989 yılında geliştirilen akademik öğrenme odaklı okul öncesi eğitim programı 1994, 2002 ve 2006 yıllarında gelişimsel yaklaşım temelinde hazırlanmış bir programa dönüşmüştür (Güler-Öztürk, 2010a). İki bin altı yılında uygulamaya konulan program, programın hazırlanmasında kullanılan yaklaşım (Güler-Öztürk, 2010a) ve okuma-yazma, sağlık, bilim ve çevre eğitimi gibi alanlar (Gülay ve Ekici, 2010; Güler-Öztürk, 2010b; Kıldan ve Pektaş, 2009) ile aile katılımının programdaki yeri (Yazar, Çelik ve Kök, 2008) gibi açılardan incelenmiştir.
Authorship Attribution in Greek Tweets Using Author's Multilevel N-Gram Profiles

The aim of this study is to explore authorship attribution methods in Greek tweets. We have developed the first Modern Greek Twitter corpus (GTC) consisted of 12,973 tweets crawled from 10 Greek popular users. We used this corpus in order to study the effectiveness of a specific document representation called Author’s Multilevel N-gram Profile (AMNP) and the impact of different methods on training data construction for the task of authorship attribution. In order to address the above research questions we used GTC to create 4 different datasets which contained merged tweets in texts of different sizes (100, 75, 50 and 25 words). Results were evaluated using authorship attribution accuracy both in 10-fold crossvalidation and in an external test set compiled from actual tweets. AMNP representation achieved significant better accuracies than single feature groups across all text sizes.
An Approach to Support Data Integrity for Web Services Using Semantic RESTful Interfaces

In the Web, linked data is growing rapidly due to its potential to facilitate data retrieval and data integration. At the same time, relational database systems store a vast amount of data published on the Web. Current linked data in the Web is mainly read only. It allows for integration, navigation, and consultations in large structured datasets, but it still lacks a general concept for reading and writing. This paper proposes a specification, entitled Semantic Data Services (SDS), for RESTful Web services that provide data access. To provide linked data read-write capacity, SDS proposes a mechanism for integrity checking that is analogous to that used in relational databases. SDS implements the Semantic Restful Interface (SERIN) specification. SERIN uses annotations on classes in an ontology, describing the semantic web services that are available to manipulate data. This work extends SERIN specification adding annotations to allow the adoption of data access integrity constraints.
Relationship between the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in a sleep laboratory referral population

Background Sleep health questionnaires are often employed as a first assessment step for sleep pathology. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) are two commonly employed questionnaire instruments. Aspects of sleep health may be measured differently depending on choice of instrument. Objectives In a patient population at high risk for sleep disorders, referred for polysomnography (PSG), we evaluated the level of association between results from these two instruments. Questionnaire results were also compared with measured PSG parameters. Methods Records of patients undergoing overnight PSG in the sleep laboratory between February–June 2011 were retrospectively reviewed for eligibility. Inclusion criteria were met by 236 patients. PSQI and ESS scores, demographic information, and PSG data were extracted from each record for analysis. Four subgroups based on normal/abnormal values for ESS and PSQI were evaluated for between-group differences. Results Of 236 adult participants, 72.5% were male, the mean age was 52.9 years (13.9), mean body mass index (BMI) 34.4 kg/m2 (8.3), mean ESS 9.0 (4.8; range: 0–22), PSQI mean 8.6 (4.2; range: 2–19). The Pearson correlation coefficient was r = 0.13 (P = 0.05) for association between ESS and PSQI. Participants with an abnormal ESS were more likely to have an abnormal PSQI score (odds ratio 1.9 [1.1–3.6]; P = 0.03). Those with an abnormal ESS had higher BMI (P = 0.008) and higher apnea–hypopnea indexes (AHI) (P = 0.05). Differences between the four subgroups were observed for BMI and sex proportions, but not for AHI. Conclusions We observed limited association between these two commonly used questionnaire instruments, the ESS and the PSQI. These two questionnaires appear to evaluate different aspects of sleep. In terms of clinical application, for global assessment of patients with sleep problems, care should be taken to include instruments measuring different facets of sleep health.
3-D motion and shape from multiple image sequences

We propose a method for determining the accurate local 3-D motion and shape of objects in image sequences from multiple views. The shape of the considered object is calculated at each time step using image sequences, synchronously acquired by two or more calibrated cameras. Starting from an initial shape model of the object a stepwise refinement process is performed in which the model is adapted to the actual shape according to a cost function. This function maximizes the similarity between the respective model projections of the object onto the images. In order to obtain an appropriate initial shape model at the consecutive time step a motion estimation technique for monocular image sequences is applied. The proposed method is applicable for rigid and deformable objects as well. Selected results for real-world image sequences are presented.