Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH ON THE CHINESE SEGMENTATION TECHNOLOGY

Abstract: The Chinese segmentation technology is the basis and key of Chinese information processing. By researching on this technology, this paper indicates that the method based on dictionary and statistics are much mature, but the unregistered word recognition is the main problem in this field. Thus, this paper lays a foundation and sets the directional work for its later development.
A cluster relay coded cooperative strategy in broadband wireless ad-hoc networks

This paper proposes a relay coded cooperative transmission in inter symbol interference (ISI) channels, which aims at self-configuration of multi-hop networks with high cooperative diversity gain even in highly mobile networks. To guarantee a robustness against the high mobility, a flooding protocol is adopted to configure the networks. A primary challenge in this paper is to overcome the penalty of power consumption due to packet flooding by means of a coded cooperation with the aid of a cluster of asynchronous relay nodes. Regarding the cluster of flooded data packets as repeat code words, the relay system can be considered as a serial concatenated structure of the ISI channel and repeat code. Furthermore, applying an accumulator at each transmitter node, high coded cooperative diversity gain can be assured. Numerical results show that packet error rate can be significantly improved with the cluster relay coded cooperative transmission.
Dynamic Capabilities and Entrepreneurial Orientation in the New Product Development

Recently, organizations should have several strategies to survive and to reach their objectives because environment and conditions change rapidly. Within the development on the technology, creating new products has also become compulsory. In this paper we propose that entrepreneur and its resources are very important factors of the economic system and society to foresee and initiate the changes in which the organizations exist to develop new products. In addition, dynamic capabilities were significant, transforming entrepreneurial resources into new product by entrepreneurship orientation. Dynamic capability is defined as the creation of difficult to imitate combinations of resources including effective coordination of inter-organizational relationships, on a global basis that can provide a firm a competitive advantage. Entrepreneurial orientation’s (EO) dimensions are innovativeness, risk taking, and proactiveness in literature. We contend that EO effect new product development. The scope of the study is to examine the variables affecting the new product development. So we suggest that new product development is the integration of two focal construct dynamic capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation. After that a model will be developed and propositions will be presented.
ade9 is an allele of SER1 and plays an indirect role in purine biosynthesis

In this study we demonstrate that ade9 plays an indirect role in purine biosynthesis as a non‐functional allele of SER1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The SER1 locus, encoding 3‐phosphoserine aminotransferase required for serine biosynthesis, is located on chromosome XV and resides approximately where ade9 had previously been mapped genetically. A minimal functional construct of SER1 is necessary and sufficient to complement both the adenine‐ and serine‐requiring phenotypes of ade9 strains. In addition, adequate exogenous serine levels mask the adenine phenotype of ade9. A disruption of SER1 behaves in the same manner phenotypically as the original ade9 strain. Therefore, ade9 can be more accurately described as an allele of SER1. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Service-oriented Architecture for Emergency Management Systems

The complexity and openness of today's modern societies result in the threat of serious cascading effects when natural disasters or terrorist attacks strike. Thus, there is a high demand for state of the art IT support in the field of emergency management systems. In this paper, we identify the core requirements of future emergency management systems and present a new generation of modular, service-oriented and semantic-web- based architecture for emergency management systems. Our emergency management system offers innovative functionality in the context of distributed information sources, collaborative work environments, and consistent situation pictures.
Language-independent storage strategies for tracing-JIT-based virtual machines

Storage strategies have been proposed as a run-time optimization for the PyPy Python implementation and have shown promising results for optimizing execution speed and memory requirements. However, it remained unclear whether the approach works equally well in other dynamic languages. Furthermore, while PyPy is based on RPython, a language to write VMs with reusable components such as a tracing just-in-time compiler and garbage collection, the strategies design itself was not generalized to be reusable across languages implemented using that same toolchain. In this paper, we present a general design and implementation for storage strategies and show how they can be reused across different RPython-based languages. We evaluate the performance of our implementation for RSqueak, an RPython-based VM for Squeak/Smalltalk and show that storage strategies may indeed offer performance benefits for certain workloads in other dynamic programming languages.We furthermore evaluate the generality of our implementation by applying it to Topaz, a Ruby VM, and Pycket, a Racket implementation.
Know You at One Glance: A Compact Vector Representation for Low-Shot Learning

Low-shot face recognition is a very challenging yet important problem in computer vision. The feature representation of the gallery face sample is one key component in this problem. To this end, we propose an Enforced Softmax optimization approach built upon Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to produce an effective and compact vector representation. The learned feature representation is very helpful to overcome the underlying multi-modality variations and remain the primary key features as close to the mean face of the identity as possible in the high-dimensional feature space, thus making the gallery basis more robust under various conditions, and improving the overall performance for low-shot learning. In particular, we sequentially leverage optimal dropout, selective attenuation, ℓ2 normalization, and model-level optimization to enhance the standard Softmax objective function for to produce a more compact vectorized representation for low-shot learning. Comprehensive evaluations on the MNIST, Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW), and the challenging MS-Celeb-1M Low-Shot Learning Face Recognition benchmark datasets clearly demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method over state-of-the-arts. By further introducing a heuristic voting strategy for robust multi-view combination, and our proposed method has won the Top-1 place in the MS-Celeb-1M Low-Shot Learning Challenge.
Inhibition of p38 MAPK sensitizes tumour cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis mediated by reactive oxygen species and JNK

The p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of many cellular responses. It is well established that p38 MAPK signalling negatively regulates epithelial cell transformation, but enhanced p38 MAPK activity has been also correlated with bad clinical prognosis in some tumour types. Here, we provide genetic and pharmacological evidence showing that p38 MAPK inhibition cooperates with the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin to kill tumour cells. We show that p38 MAPK inhibition results in ROS upregulation, which in turn activates the JNK pathway via inactivation of phosphatases, sensitizing human tumour cells to cisplatin‐induced apoptosis. Using a mouse model for breast cancer, we confirm that inhibition of p38 MAPK cooperates with cisplatin treatment to reduce tumour size and malignancy in vivo. Taken together, our results illustrate a new function of p38 MAPK that helps tumour cells to survive chemotherapeutic drug treatments, and reveal that the combination of p38 MAPK inhibitors with cisplatin can be potentially exploited for cancer therapy.
Diversity and Stratification of Archaea in a Hypersaline Microbial Mat

ABSTRACT The Guerrero Negro (GN) hypersaline microbial mats have become one focus for biogeochemical studies of stratified ecosystems. The GN mats are found beneath several of a series of ponds of increasing salinity that make up a solar saltern fed from Pacific Ocean water pumped from the Laguna Ojo de Liebre near GN, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Molecular surveys of the laminated photosynthetic microbial mat below the fourth pond in the series identified an enormous diversity of bacteria in the mat, but archaea have received little attention. To determine the bulk contribution of archaeal phylotypes to the pond 4 study site, we determined the phylogenetic distribution of archaeal rRNA gene sequences in PCR libraries based on nominally universal primers. The ratios of bacterial/archaeal/eukaryotic rRNA genes, 90%/9%/1%, suggest that the archaeal contribution to the metabolic activities of the mat may be significant. To explore the distribution of archaea in the mat, sequences derived using archaeon-specific PCR primers were surveyed in 10 strata of the 6-cm-thick mat. The diversity of archaea overall was substantial albeit less than the diversity observed previously for bacteria. Archaeal diversity, mainly euryarchaeotes, was highest in the uppermost 2 to 3 mm of the mat and decreased rapidly with depth, where crenarchaeotes dominated. Only 3% of the sequences were specifically related to known organisms including methanogens. While some mat archaeal clades corresponded with known chemical gradients, others did not, which is likely explained by heretofore-unrecognized gradients. Some clades did not segregate by depth in the mat, indicating broad metabolic repertoires, undersampling, or both.
The economics of ignorance or ignorance of economics

THE ECONOMICS OF TIME AND IGNORANCE by Gerald P. O'Driscoll, Jr. and Mario J. Rizzo New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985. 261pp. , $34.95 O'Driscoll and Rizzo, two leading exponents of the Austrian subjectivist school of economics, claim to provide an original and powerful challenge to mainstream neoclassical economics. They also argue that there is much common ground between the Austrian approach and the recent development of Post Keynesian analysis. In this essay, the validity of such claims is analyzed, and the shortcomings of the Austrian school's approach vis‐a‐vis Post Keynesian and neoclassical analysis is developed.
An Educational Administration Internship Model at One Historically Black University: A Problem-Based Approach

The doctorate in educational administration is a relatively new degree at many small colleges, including some historically Black universities and colleges. The advent of such a program has allowed for innovations in higher education for the predominantly minority populations who attend these universities; furthermore, using problem-based learning as a pedagogical approach for the yearlong administrative internship has proven to be a sound method for this clientele. The elements and characteristics of problem-based learning provide the context that suited candidates in the program of focus here. These candidates had established the practice of working together in the classroom such that it was a natural progression to the field internship as a problem-solving activity that gave them autonomy and control, as well as the chance to practice the collaborative skills garnered during the classroom activities with fellow students. This article presents examples of three case studies drawn from projects identified by practicing administrators who served as mentors for students.
Secure Image Steganography using Cryptography and Image Transposition

Information security is one of the most challenging problems in today's technological world. In order to secure the transmission of secret data over the public network (Internet), various schemes have been presented over the last decade. Steganography combined with cryptography, can be one of the best choices for solving this problem. This paper proposes a new steganographic method based on gray-level modification for true colour images using image transposition, secret key and cryptography. Both the secret key and secret information are initially encrypted using multiple encryption algorithms (bitxor operation, bits shuffling, and stego key-based encryption); these are, subsequently, hidden in the host image pixels. In addition, the input image is transposed before data hiding. Image transposition, bits shuffling, bitxoring, stego key-based encryption, and gray-level modification introduce five different security levels to the proposed scheme, making the data recovery extremely difficult for attackers. The proposed technique is evaluated by objective analysis using various image quality assessment metrics, producing promising results in terms of imperceptibility and security. Moreover, the high quality stego images and its minimal histogram changeability, also validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
THE PATHOLOGY OF ASTHMA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHANGES IN THE BRONCHIAL MUCOSA

The pathological features of 20 cases dying in status asthmaticus have been studied. In gross sections the lungs showed no emphysema, but mucus plugs in the air passages and focal areas of collapse were outstanding features. Five cases showed cystic bronchiectasis which was of a similar distribution to the focal areas of collapse, occurring in the upper lobes as commonly as in the lower lobes. Histologically, shedding of the ciliated bronchial mucosal cells was prominent and this is attributed to a transudation of oedema fluid from the submucosa. Areas of regeneration of the mucosa, with the presence of simple stratified epithelium, were seen frequently. The loss of the ciliated respiratory epithelium and the transudation of oedema fluid into the bronchial lumen, with interference with the action of the remaining ciliated cells, are considered to be the essential factors in the failure of clearance of the bronchial secretions in asthma. It is postulated that bronchospasm plays little or no part in the shedding of the bronchial mucosa or in the pathogenesis of the asthmatic attack.
Asymmetric Cell Division and Notch Signaling Specify Dopaminergic Neurons in Drosophila

In Drosophila, dopaminergic (DA) neurons can be found from mid embryonic stages of development till adulthood. Despite their functional involvement in learning and memory, not much is known about the developmental as well as molecular mechanisms involved in the events of DA neuronal specification, differentiation and maturation. In this report we demonstrate that most larval DA neurons are generated during embryonic development. Furthermore, we show that loss of function (l-o-f) mutations of genes of the apical complex proteins in the asymmetric cell division (ACD) machinery, such as inscuteable and bazooka result in supernumerary DA neurons, whereas l-o-f mutations of genes of the basal complex proteins such as numb result in loss or reduction of DA neurons. In addition, when Notch signaling is reduced or abolished, additional DA neurons are formed and conversely, when Notch signaling is activated, less DA neurons are generated. Our data demonstrate that both ACD and Notch signaling are crucial mechanisms for DA neuronal specification. We propose a model in which ACD results in differential Notch activation in direct siblings and in this context Notch acts as a repressor for DA neuronal specification in the sibling that receives active Notch signaling. Our study provides the first link of ACD and Notch signaling in the specification of a neurotransmitter phenotype in Drosophila. Given the high degree of conservation between Drosophila and vertebrate systems, this study could be of significance to mechanisms of DA neuronal differentiation not limited to flies.
Receptor Diversity and Host Interaction of Bacteriophages Infecting Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Background Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium is a Gram-negative pathogen causing salmonellosis. Salmonella Typhimurium-targeting bacteriophages have been proposed as an alternative biocontrol agent to antibiotics. To further understand infection and interaction mechanisms between the host strains and the bacteriophages, the receptor diversity of these phages needs to be elucidated. Methodology/Principal Findings Twenty-five Salmonella phages were isolated and their receptors were identified by screening a Tn5 random mutant library of S. Typhimurium SL1344. Among them, three types of receptors were identified flagella (11 phages), vitamin B12 uptake outer membrane protein, BtuB (7 phages) and lipopolysaccharide-related O-antigen (7 phages). TEM observation revealed that the phages using flagella (group F) or BtuB (group B) as a receptor belong to Siphoviridae family, and the phages using O-antigen of LPS as a receptor (group L) belong to Podoviridae family. Interestingly, while some of group F phages (F-I) target FliC host receptor, others (F-II) target both FliC and FljB receptors, suggesting that two subgroups are present in group F phages. Cross-resistance assay of group B and L revealed that group L phages could not infect group B phage-resistant strains and reversely group B phages could not infect group L SPN9TCW-resistant strain. Conclusions/Significance In this report, three receptor groups of 25 newly isolated S. Typhimurium-targeting phages were determined. Among them, two subgroups of group F phages interact with their host receptors in different manner. In addition, the host receptors of group B or group L SPN9TCW phages hinder other group phage infection, probably due to interaction between receptors of their groups. This study provides novel insights into phage-host receptor interaction for Salmonella phages and will inform development of optimal phage therapy for protection against Salmonella.
THE GEOMETRY OF CENTRAL PLACE THEORY

Central place theory is generally recognized as a major contribution to our understanding of locational processes. Considering this status, it is anomalous that there is not available a statement of the geometry for central place systems. Both Christaller [1933] and Losch [1944] make extensive use of geometric diagrams and, to my knowledge, all subsequent students of central place theory have used similar diagrams to communicate central place concepts. This report describes the geometry of central place theory. A suitable mathematical system is available so this task only requires placing the appropriate geometry in juxtaposition with central place concepts. The discussion is informal and emphasizes the geometric relations of a central place system. There is no attempt to develop the Christaller and Losch systems from basic principles.
A comparative analysis of bone and cartilage metabolism in two strains of guinea-pig with varying degrees of naturally occurring osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the interaction of bone and cartilage in knee osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis in two guinea-pig strains with appreciable differences in bone metabolism. DESIGN Two guinea-pig strains were evaluated for their susceptibilities to OA using semi-quantitative histological grading of knee joints and quantification of biomarkers including urinary excretion of hydroxylysyl-pyridinoline (HP) and lysyl-pyridinoline (LP) collagen cross-links, serum osteocalcin (OC), and synovial fluid levels of keratan sulfate (KS). RESULTS At 12 months of age, Strain 13 guinea-pigs had minimal to mild histological evidence of OA compared to the Hartley strain guinea-pigs. The Hartley strain, with more severe OA, had a higher rate of bone formation (serum osteocalcin) and bone resorption (HP and LP) evident at a young age with persistence of a greater rate of bone formation at 12 months of age. The Strain 13 possessed much thicker subchondral bone at the outset (2 months) compared to the Hartley; however, the Hartley strain showed the greatest increase in subchondral bone thickness coincident with the development of cartilage degeneration. Thus, the process of subchondral bone thickening, in contrast to the absolute initial subchondral bone thickness, was a hallmark of OA in the guinea-pig. Moreover, Strain 13 had lower intraarticular proteoglycan turnover. Levels of synovial fluid keratan sulfate were positively correlated with the severity of histological OA. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study represents the first evidence of differential susceptibility to OA in guinea-pigs. Comparison of these two strains of guinea-pig has revealed that increased metabolism within the affected tissues, cartilage and bone, is associated with the development and progression of OA. This work demonstrates that the Strain 13 is a viable age-matched control to the Hartley strain and merits a more in depth evaluation of the contribution of bone and bone metabolism to OA.
Total Knee Replacement in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

The purpose of the current study was to review the results of total knee replacement (TKR) in patients with diabetes mellitus and to test the hypothesis that patients with diabetes achieve inferior results after TKR. From a consecutive series of 5220 primary cemented TKRs, 363 were done in 291 patients with diabetes mellitus. Cefuoxime-impregnated cement was used routinely. The results in the study group were compared with the results in the patients without diabetes who had TKR during the same period. The followup averaged 52 months. Knee scores were higher in patients with diabetes preoperatively (47 versus 38) and postoperatively up to 7 years (80 versus 75). The average preoperative and postoperative pain scores also were higher in patients with diabetes. Four deep infections (1.2%) occurred in patients with diabetes versus 35 deep infections (0.7%) in patients without diabetes. The revision rate (including infections) was greater in patients with diabetes (3.6% versus 0.4 %). Knee and pain scores were similar in patients with insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetes. Postoperative function scores, however, were lower in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. In the study group, all deep infections occurred in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes.
Video Synopsis by Heterogeneous Multi-source Correlation

Generating coherent synopsis for surveillance video stream remains a formidable challenge due to the ambiguity and uncertainty inherent to visual observations. In contrast to existing video synopsis approaches that rely on visual cues alone, we propose a novel multi-source synopsis framework capable of correlating visual data and independent non-visual auxiliary information to better describe and summarise subtle physical events in complex scenes. Specifically, our unsupervised framework is capable of seamlessly uncovering latent correlations among heterogeneous types of data sources, despite the non-trivial heteroscedasticity and dimensionality discrepancy problems. Additionally, the proposed model is robust to partial or missing non-visual information. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework on two crowded public surveillance datasets.
Detecting planar homographies in an image pair

Because of their abundance and simplicity, planes are used in several computer vision tasks. Their simplicity results in that, under perspective projection, the transformation between a world plane and its corresponding image plane is projective linear, or a homography. These relations also hold between perspective views of a plane in different images. This paper proposes an algorithm that detects planar homographies in uncalibrated image pairs. It then demonstrates how this plane identification method can be used as a first step in an image analysis process, when point matching between images is unreliable. The detection is performed using a RANSAC scheme based on the linear computation of the homography matrix elements using four points. Results are shown on real image pairs.