Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remarriage as a Way to Overcome the Financial Consequences of Divorce - A Test of the Economic Need Hypothesis for European Women

In this article, we investigate to what extent remarriage functions as a strategy to overcome post-divorce financial distress, and whether this varies across welfare states. To this end, we estimate the impact of divorced women's income (changes) on repartnering and vice versa, using longitudinal data from the European Community Household Panel for 11 Member States. Our analyses provide support for the economic need hypothesis. An income decline immediately following divorce increases the likelihood of remarriage for women who had a low income before divorce. Repartnering itself has a positive effect on income, yet this positive effect is not stronger for women who fared economically worse with divorce. Our analyses do not confirm the contextual hypothesis that in countries where the sources of economic independence for women are less readily available, repartnering is a more important route out of poverty than elsewhere. Yet, we do find that in high-welfare countries social welfare reliance delays remarriage more than in low-welfare countries.
Spatial autocorrelation in employment-output relation

This study reconsiders the employment-output relation in Finland from a spatial econometric perspective. Spatial econometric methods provide new insights on the regional employment-output relation. They make it possible to examine whether output growth or employment growth in neighboring regions affects employment growth in a particular region. Especially, the interest in this study is aimed at the Finnish growth centers? (the capital region Helsinki, Turku, Tampere, Oulu and Jyvaskyla) impacts on their neighborhoods, which is related to the regional economic theories on agglomeration economies and spillover effects. There is inter-action in trade, capital flows, migration and in diffusion of innovations and knowledge. Thus, it makes sense to consider the employment growth in regions as dependent on other regions and interactive with them. NUTS4-level output and employment data from 1988 to 2000 are used in the analyses. The investigation period includes the era of rapid employment growth of the late 1980s, a dra-matic decline in employment and output in the early 1990s and the years of a recovery in the mid 1990s. The whole period is divided in five groups: 1988-1990, 1990-1993, 1993-1996, 1996-1998 and 1998-2000. Regional development in Finland separated during the years after the recession - rapid growth was concentrated on few centers while growth in many regions remained still very slow, even negative. In addition, it has been argued that economic growth produced more employment before the recession than has been doing after it. A basic cross-sectional model and three spatial dependence models (a spatial error, a spatial lag and a spatial cross-regressive model) for the employment-output relation are formed in different periods and compared with each other. The results received by the data on the growth centers and their neighbors are also compared with the results received by the whole data. It is investigated whether there are differences in the employment-output relation be-tween the growth centers and the whole country and whether spatial dependencies in the rela-tion are different in the growth centers and their neighborhoods than elsewhere. In addition, the local Moran analysis for spatial autocorrelation both in employment and output variables is carried out. This measure provides insights into possible high growth or low growth clus-ters and into developments of these clusters during the time.
Socioeconomic status scale: Tool to eliminate social disparity in India

Sir, Socioeconomic status (SES) is defined as the place that an individual or a family occupies in contrast to the existing standards of cultural and material ownership, income, and involvement in group activities of the community. [1] The SES categorization in an individual is one of the significant determinants of the healthand morbidity/ mortality-associated indicators. [2] Considering that people living below the poverty line should deserve more attention, stratification of communities using SES scales provides an opportunity for the program managers to implement targeted interventions. [1,2] In addition, SES also has a significant impact on the accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and actual utilization of available health facilities. [2] Furthermore, it is indispensable to perceive the SES of the community in order to correlate its impact on the health and quality of living standards. [3] These socioeconomic categories have assisted the public health professionals to recognize the variable pattern of the occurrence of a disease or adoption of specific health practices. [1,2]
The Great Happiness Moderation

This paper shows that within-country happiness inequality has fallen in the majority of countries that have experienced positive income growth over the last forty years, in particular in developed countries. This new stylized fact comes as an addition to the Easterlin paradox, which states that the time trend in average happiness is flat during episodes of long-run income growth. This mean-preserving declining spread in happiness comes about via falls in both the share of individuals who declare low and high levels of happiness. Rising income inequality moderates the fall in happiness inequality, and may even reverse it after some point, for example in the US starting in the 1990s. Hence, if raising the income of all does not raise the happiness of all, it will at least harmonize the happiness of all, providing that income inequality does not grow too much. Behind the veil of ignorance, lower happiness inequality would certainly be considered as attractive by risk-averse individuals.
Advertising as Information

This paper tries to show how the major features of the behavior of advertising can be explained by advertising's information function. For search qualities advertising provides direct information about the characteristics of a brand. For experience qualities the most important information conveyed by advertising is simply that the brand advertises. This contrast in advertising by these qualities leads to significant differences in its behavior. How does advertising provide information to the consumer? The producer in his advertising is not interested directly in providing information for consumers. He is interested in selling more of his product. Subject to a few constraints, the advertising message says anything the seller of a brand wishes. A mechanism is required to make the selling job of advertising generate information to the consumer. [Авторский текст]
MODELING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MINERAL DEPOSITS USING NEURAL NETWORKS

ABSTRACT. In the context of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), mineral potential mapping can be seen as a process whereby a set of input maps, each representing a distinct geoscientific variable, are combined to produce a single map which ranks areas according to their potential to host deposits of a particular type. However, unlike many spatial classification tasks, the objective is not to assign a pixel to some class, but to assign to each pixel a continuous value representing its mineralization potential. Logistic regression provides one method of modeling conditional probabilities on data in which the target values are binary, e.g., deposit present/deposit absent; however, logistic regression limits the output to be a logistic transformation of the inputs and hence may not be able to capture complex relationships among the input variables. This paper reports on the application of multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) to mapping reef gold mineralization potential in the Castlemaine region of Victoria, Australia. We show that the ability of MLPs to predict the presence of hold‐out test deposits is significantly better than that for logistic regression. We also show that a Bayesian learning approach can be used to automatically select an appropriate value for the weight regularization coefficient without the need of using a cross‐validation procedure. This means that all available data can be used for weight optimization, thus eliminating any sensitivity of the final map to the particular training/validation set partition used.
The Relationship Development Assessment – Research Version: Preliminary validation of a clinical tool and coding schemes to measure parent-child interaction in autism

The aim of this project was to replicate and extend findings from two recent studies on parent-child relatedness in autism (Beurkens, Hobson, & Hobson, 2013; Hobson, Tarver, Beurkens, & Hobson, 2013, under review) by adapting an observational assessment and coding schemes of parent-child relatedness for the clinical context and examining their validity and reliability. The coding schemes focussed on three aspects of relatedness: joint attentional focus (Adamson, Bakeman, & Deckner, 2004), the capacity to co-regulate an interaction and the capacity to share emotional experiences. The participants were 40 children (20 with autism, 20 without autism) aged 6–14, and their parents. Parent-child dyads took part in the observational assessment and were coded on these schemes. Comparisons were made with standardised measures of autism severity (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, ADOS: Lord, Rutter, DiLavore, & Risi, 2001; Social Responsiveness Scale, SRS: Constantino & Gruber, 2005), relationship quality (Parent Child Relationship Inventory, PCRI: Gerard, 1994) and quality of parent-child interaction (Dyadic Coding Scales, DCS: Humber & Moss, 2005). Inter-rater reliability was very good and, as predicted, codes both diverged from the measure of parent-child relationship and converged with a separate measure of parent-child interaction quality. A detailed profile review revealed nuanced areas of group and individual differences which may be specific to verbally-able school-age children. The results support the utility of the Relationship Development Assessment – Research Version for clinical practice.
Steroid receptor interactions in human breast carcinoma

Sucrose gradient centrifugation of estrogen and progestin receptors in cytosol preparations revealed that the majority of human breast tumors contained two molecular forms sedimenting at either 8S or 4S. Few tumors exhibited profiles containing predominately the 8S form or the 4S form alone. Molecular heterogeneity of the estrogen receptors in cytosol was demonstrated with regard to surface charge using ion‐exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing. The molecular properties of estrogen receptors in breast tumor biopsy specimens appear to be related to clinical responsiveness of patients given hormonal manipulations. These data and other findings related to the clinical utility of steroid receptor quantification impose a requirement for rigid quality control of analyses by the laboratory. The composition, evaluation, and distribution of tissue reference powders for establishing uniformity and quality control of steroid receptor analyses used in cooperative clinical trials of breast cancer treatment are described. This approach ensures meaningful correlations between laboratory results and clinical response.
Design and implementation of an optimal in-pipe navigation mechanism for a steel pipe cleaning robot

This study focuses on the design and implementation of an optimal pipe navigation mechanism and a driving unit to overcome the variable situations inside steel pipes. It also offers adaptability to different pipe diameters. The important problems considered in the design and implementation are a self-sustaining property when in the center of a pipe, optimal navigation ability to adapt to in-pipe unevenness, the capability to remain stable without slipping in pipes, and the efficient operation of cleaning equipment. The robot developed here based, on carefully determined design specifications, was tested to verify the performance of its navigation mechanism and driving ability. In addition, a control system was developed for the test. The ultimate goal is the application of the verified in-pipe cleaning robot to industrial and practical applications.
Soil and water conservation technologies: a buffer against production risk in the face of climate change? Insights from the Nile basin in Ethiopia.

"This study investigates the impact of different soil and water conservation technologies on the variance of crop production in Ethiopia to determine the risk implications of the different technologies in different regions and rainfall zones. Given the production risks posed by climate change, such information can be used by decision makers to identify appropriate agricultural practices that act as a buffer against climate change. Using a household- and plot-level data set, we apply the Just and Pope framework using a Cobb-Douglas production function to investigate the impact of various soil and water conservation technologies on average crop yields and the variance of crop yields, while controlling for several household- and plot-level factors. Results show that soil and water conservation investments perform differently in different rainfall areas and regions of Ethiopia, which underscores the importance of careful geographical targeting when promoting and scaling up soil and water conservation technologies. We find that although soil bunds, stone bunds, grass strips, waterways, and contours all have very significant positive impacts on average crop yields in low-rainfall areas, only soil bunds have significant risk-reducing effects in these areas with low agricultural potential. We also find that irrigation and use of improved seeds have insignificant risk-reducing effects in low-rainfall areas, suggesting that—as currently implemented—these interventions may not be appropriate adaptation strategies for these environments. Regionally, in the low-rainfall areas we find significant spatial heterogeneity, with soil bunds being risk reducing in Oromiya and Amhara, and stone bunds, grass strips, and waterways being risk reducing in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region. Irrigation was only risk reducing in the high-rainfall areas of Benishangul-Gumuz. These results remain robust even after controlling for the major crops grown on the plot. Results show that soil and water conservation technologies have significant impacts on reducing production risk in Ethiopia and could be part of the country's climate-proofing strategy. However, results also show that one-size-fits-all recommendations are not appropriate given the differences in agro-ecology and other confounding factors. " from authors' abstract
Efficient induction of an antigen‐specific, T helper type 1 immune response by interleukin‐12‐secreting fibroblasts

To determine whether the paracrine secretion of interleukin (IL)-12 can efficiently convert immune responses characterized by high levels of synthesis of IL-4 and immunoglobulin E (IgE) into T helper 1 (Th1)-dominated responses, 3T3 fibroblasts were stably transfected to secrete IL-12 (480 units/10(6) cells/48 hr). Their effects on the T helper cell-mediated immune response were investigated in ovalbumin (OVA)-primed mice. Free mouse recombinant IL-12 was included as a control group. IL-12-secreting fibroblasts (3T3/IL-12) were more effective than free recombinant IL-12 at increasing OVA-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production and decreasing OVA-specific IL-4 production in CD4+ T cells. In addition, injection with 3T3/IL-12 cells significantly increased anti-OVA immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) levels and decreased anti-OVA IgE levels in OVA-primed mice. This work suggests that IL-12-secreting fibroblasts can efficiently induce an antigen-specific Th1 response and may be beneficial in the treatment of diseases caused by undesirable T helper 2 (Th2)-dominated responses, including allergic diseases.
Chimeric Restriction Enzymes: What Is Next?

Abstract Chimeric restriction enzymes are a novel class of engineered nucleases in which the non-specific DNA cleavage domain of FokI (a type IIS restriction endonuclease) is fused to other DNA-binding motifs. The latter include the three common eukaryotic DNA-binding motifs, namely the helix-turn-helix motif, the zinc finger motif and the basic helix-loop-helix protein containing a leucine zipper motif. Such chimeric nucleases have been shown to make specific cuts in vitro very close to the expected recognition sequences. The most important chimeric nucleases are those based on zinc finger DNA-binding proteins because of their modular structure. Recently, one such chimeric nuclease, Zif-QQR-FN was shown to find and cleave its target in vivo. This was tested by microinjection of DNA substrates and the enzyme into frog oocytes (Carroll et al., 1999). The injected enzyme made site-specific double-strand breaks in the targets even after assembly of the DNA into chromatin. In addition, this cleavage activated the target molecules for efficient homologous recombination. Since the recognition specificity of zinc fingers can be manipulated experimentally, chimeric nucleases could be engineered so as to target a specific site within a genome. The availability of such engineered chimeric restriction enzymes should make it feasible to do genome engineering, also commonly referred to as gene therapy.
PRICING DEFAULT RISK WITH PARISIAN OPTIONS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM HIGH GROWTH COMPANIES

In the stock market crash of 2000 many internet firms that were ostensibly bankrupt were able to stave off bankruptcy by seeking protection under Chapter 11 or avoid it completely through refinancing or merging with another company. The implication is that these firms had a de facto option to choose when to default and that this option had substantial value. This paper builds on this insight and investigates how the value of a company is affected by the default option and the choice of the relevant bankruptcy procedures. We use a Parisian barrier option framework and extend Schwartz and Moon's (2000) contingent claim model, which implies only a Chapter 7 bankruptcy procedure, to allow for the more general bankruptcy procedure of Chapter 11. We consider bankruptcy procedures that are explicitly based on the time spent in financial distress and include a "grace" period in the model to more realistically capture the effects of default risk on firm value. Finally, we develop an efficient Monte Carlo method to price approximations for the Parisian options. Some numerical results and comparative statics are also performed to demonstrate the characteristics of cumulative and consecutive Parisian options and investigate their effects on the value of high growth firms.
Revolutionary Empire: The Rise of the English-Speaking Empires from the Fifteenth Century to the 1780s

A new edition, previously published in 1981 by Cape, this is the story of the early phases of English and British expansion throughout the world. Calder interweaves English, Irish, Scottish and colonial events into a single pattern. He concerns himself with social and intellectual history, as well as with political and economic developments.
Associations of adipokines with asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in German schoolchildren

There is growing evidence for an association between obesity and asthma, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. We hypothesized that high plasma leptin and low plasma adiponectin concentrations might be related to asthma and allergies in children. Plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations were measured in a cross‐sectional study involving 462 children aged 10 years. Information on disease symptoms and diagnosis was collected by parental questioning. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the association between biomarkers and disease. High leptin levels were associated with increased lifetime prevalence of asthma [odds ratio (OR): 3.76; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42–9.92]. The relationship was particularly strong for non‐atopic asthma (OR: 5.51; 95% CI: 1.99–17.51). No associations were observed between plasma leptin levels and hay fever, and rhinoconjunctivitis. Low adiponectin levels were associated with increased prevalence of both symptoms of atopic dermatitis (OR: 3.23; 95% CI: 1.28–7.76) and ever‐diagnosed eczema (OR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.13–4.89). In girls and non‐atopic children, stronger associations for both leptin and adiponectin levels with asthma than in boys and atopic children were observed. These results suggest that adipokines may contribute to increased asthma and allergy risk in obese subjects. Stronger associations among girls with non‐atopic asthma may indicate diverse pathological mechanisms.
The Politics of Information Literacy in Higher Education: Librarians, Institutional Stakeholders, and College Information Literacy Programs

The concept of information literacy has long been discussed in the literature of librarianship and information science. Behrens (1994) offers a discussion of the concept's growth through the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s; by 1991, information literacy was being discussed as a " revolution " in academic libraries and in higher education as a whole (Rader, 1991). More recently, writers such as Bundy (1999) have discussed the incorporation of information literacy into higher education as a component of national educational agendas. The establishment of information literacy standards for the year 2000 by the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) (ACRL, 2000) serves as a further indication of librarians' view of information literacy as vital to higher education. However, much remains to be discovered about effective ways of actually integrating information literacy into college and university curricula. In addition to debates about the best methods of teaching information literacy to students, academic librarians must address the practical and political issues involved in " revolutionizing " college curricula. In order for information literacy programs to be effective, they must be truly integrated into the core curricula of colleges and universities. Unfortunately for the cause of information literacy, these core curricula are controlled not by librarians, but by administrators, teaching faculty, and other powerful stakeholders in higher education. This paper outlines some of the political issues involved in instigating curriculum-wide information literacy programs, as well as surveying the options and avenues available to librarians who are struggling to establish information literacy initiatives in colleges and universities. The term " information literacy " is far from complete acceptance by either librarians or educators. Snavely and Cooper (1997b) offer an in-depth discussion of the professional-level intellectual debate over the term and its definition. The fine points of this debate are outside the scope of this paper; however, it must be noted that the term " information literacy " may be considered inordinately vague or off-putting by some people, including those in control of curriculum at colleges and universities. Snavely and Cooper (1997a) emphasize the necessity of clarity in expressing the concept of information literacy to faculty and university administrators; to non-information professionals the term is far from intuitive, and librarians seeking to establish information literacy as a core curriculum component must be prepared to clearly articulate the nature and goals of such a program. Given the above, it is tempting to develop lists of …