Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Power Wake-Up in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Free Space Optical Communications

In many Wireless Sensor Network applications the desired deployment lifetime is specified in months or years. To meet very low power requirements duty cycled medium access control protocols incur increased latency in communication. In this paper, we present the use of a secondary, very low power, wake-up channel, using Free Space Optical (FSO) transmission. The FSO channel is used to send small wake-up signals, after the wake-up is received successfully the higher power radio channel is used to transfer data packets more efficiently. The FSO receiver can be powered continuously with a consumption of 317uW. The performance of the FSO transceiver has been evaluated for deployments of networks in buildings. A reliable communication range of fifteen metres can be achieved with a transmitter power consumption of 16.5mW, comparable to a WSN radio. The performance of the FSO wake-up system is compared with duty cycled radio communications and an order of magnitude improvement in latency is shown.
Behavior-based speciation for evolutionary robotics

This paper describes a speciation method that allows an evolutionary process to learn several robot behaviors using a single execution. Species are created in behavioral space in order to promote the discovery of different strategies that can solve the same navigation problem. Candidate neurocontrollers are grouped into species based on their corresponding behavior signature, which represents the traversed path of the robot within the environment.Behavior signatures are encoded using character strings and are compared using the string edit distance. The proposed approach is better suited for an evolutionary robotics problem than speciating in objective or topological space. Experimental comparison with the NEAT method confirms the usefulness of the proposal.
Procedures for computing one- and two-dimensional integrals of functions with rapid irregular oscillations

A collocation procedure for efficient integration of rapidly oscillatory functions is presented. The integration problem is transformed into a certain O.D. E. problem, and this is solved by a collocation technique. The method is also extended to two-dimensional integration, and some numerical results are appended showing the efficiency of the method in handling difficult cases of rapid irregular oscillations. 1. The Procedure for One-Dimensional Integrals. We consider integrals of the form a (1.1)~~~~~~~~ 1 f (x)e iq(x) dx, where f is smooth and "nonoscillatory" and Iq'(x) I? (b a)-1. Two practical methods for evaluating rapidly oscillatory integrals are described in [1], the use of approximation as in Filon's method [3], [4] and the speedup method of Longman [5]. Formally both methods are applicable to any integral of the form (1.1), but their best performance is for the case of a constant frequency q' = W. In this note we present an efficient method which is applicable for cases of varying frequency q' using only a small number of values of f and q' in [a, b] and the values q(a) and q(b). The proposed method follows the spirit of Filon's method. It is based upon the fact that if f were of the form (1.2) f(x) = iq'(x)p(x) + p'(x) =_ L(l1p(x), a < x < b, then the integral could be evaluated directly as (1.3 J b (iq'(x)p(x) + pt(x))eiq(x) dx f | d (p(x)eiq(x)) dx = (b)e qbp(a)eiqa Equation (1.2) can be considered as a differential equation for p(x), and any solution of this equation can be used in (1.3) for evaluating I. The general solution of this equation is (1.4) p(x) e-iq(x)[ f(t)eiq(t) dt + cj Received March 24, 1981; revised July 29, 1981. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 65D30; Secondary 65D32. 1982 American Mathematical Society 0025-5718/8 1 /OOO-0 1 23/$03.25 531 This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.104 on Sun, 19 Jun 2016 06:36:01 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms
In situ tagging technique for fishes provides insight into growth and movement of invasive lionfish

Information on fish movement and growth is primarily obtained through the marking and tracking of individuals with external tags, which are usually affixed to anesthetized individuals at the surface. However, the quantity and quality of data obtained by this method is often limited by small sample sizes owing to the time associated with the tagging process, high rates of tagging-related mortality, and displacement of tagged individuals from the initial capture location. To address these issues, we describe a technique for applying external streamer and dart tags in situ, which uses SCUBA divers to capture and tag individual fish on the sea floor without the use of anesthetic. We demonstrate this method for Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans/P. miles), species which are particularly vulnerable to barotrauma when transported to and handled at the surface. To test our method, we tagged 161 individuals inhabiting 26 coral reef locations in the Bahamas over a period of 3 years. Our method resulted in no instances of barotrauma, reduced handling and recovery time, and minimal post-tagging release displacement compared with conventional ex situ tag application. Opportunistic resighting and recapture of tagged individuals reveals that lionfish exhibit highly variable site fidelity, movement patterns, and growth rates on invaded coral reef habitats. In total, 24% of lionfish were resighted between 29 and 188 days after tagging. Of these, 90% were located at the site of capture, while the remaining individuals were resighted between 200 m and 1.1 km from initial site of capture over 29 days later. In situ growth rates ranged between 0.1 and 0.6 mm/day. While individuals tagged with streamer tags posted slower growth rates with increasing size, as expected, there was no relationship between growth rate and fish size for individuals marked with dart tags, potentially because of large effects of tag presence on the activities of small bodied lionfish (i.e., <150 mm), where the tag was up to 7.6% of the lionfish's mass. Our study offers a novel in situ tagging technique that can be used to provide critical information on fish site fidelity, movement patterns, and growth in cases where ex situ tagging is not feasible.
Adaptive visual tracking control of uncertain rigid-link electrically driven robotic manipulators with an uncalibrated fixed camera

The adaptive image-based trajectory tracking control problem of rigid-link electrically driven (RLED) robotic manipulators is addressed in this paper. A fixed camera configuration is considered and the camera intrinsic and extrinsic parameters are assumed to be unknown. Furthermore, the manipulator dynamic and motor dynamic parameters are assumed to be uncertain and the depths of feature points can be allowed to be time varying. The depth-independent interaction matrix framework is used such that unknown parameters in the closed-loop dynamics can be parameterized linearly and adaptive laws can be derived to estimate them online. By simultaneously taking into consideration the mechanical and electrical subsystem dynamics of RLED robotic manipulators, the backstepping technique is used to design control voltage inputs to guarantee the tracking of desired image trajectories in the presence of parameter uncertainties and time-varying depth information. Asymptotical convergence of image tracking errors to zeros is proved by using Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation results based on a 3-DOFs anthropomorphic robotic manipulator are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed adaptive visual tracking scheme.
A Multi-Pass Approach to Large-Scale Connectomics

The field of connectomics faces unprecedented "big data" challenges. To reconstruct neuronal connectivity, automated pixel-level segmentation is required for petabytes of streaming electron microscopy data. Existing algorithms provide relatively good accuracy but are unacceptably slow, and would require years to extract connectivity graphs from even a single cubic millimeter of neural tissue. Here we present a viable real-time solution, a multi-pass pipeline optimized for shared-memory multicore systems, capable of processing data at near the terabyte-per-hour pace of multi-beam electron microscopes. The pipeline makes an initial fast-pass over the data, and then makes a second slow-pass to iteratively correct errors in the output of the fast-pass. We demonstrate the accuracy of a sparse slow-pass reconstruction algorithm and suggest new methods for detecting morphological errors. Our fast-pass approach provided many algorithmic challenges, including the design and implementation of novel shallow convolutional neural nets and the parallelization of watershed and object-merging techniques. We use it to reconstruct, from image stack to skeletons, the full dataset of Kasthuri et al. (463 GB capturing 120,000 cubic microns) in a matter of hours on a single multicore machine rather than the weeks it has taken in the past on much larger distributed systems.
Prospects for and Issues with Mapping the Object-Role Modeling language into DLRifd

Object-Role modellers miss the advantages of automated reasoning over their ORM conceptual models, which could be addressed by DL reasoners. DLs are not considered user-friendly and could benefit from the easy to use ORM diagrammatic and verbalization interfaces and modelling methodologies. Relating the two would greatly expand the scope for automated reasoning with additional scenarios to improve quality of software systems. Given that none of the extant DL languages are as expressive as ORM or its successor ORM2, the ‘best-fit’ DLRifd was chosen to map the formal conceptual modelling language ORM2. For the non-mappable constraints, pointers to other DL languages are provided, which could serve as impetus for research into DL language extensions or interoperability between existing DL languages.
An empirical study of global malware encounters

The number of trojans, worms, and viruses that computers encounter varies greatly across countries. Empirically identifying factors behind such variation can provide a scientific empirical basis to policy actions to reduce malware encounters in the most affected countries. However, our understanding of these factors is currently mainly based on expert opinions, not empirical evidence. In this paper, we empirically test alternative hypotheses about factors behind international variation in the number of trojan, worm, and virus encounters. We use the Symantec Anti-Virus (AV) telemetry data collected from more than 10 million Symantec customer computers worldwide that we accessed through the Symantec Worldwide Intelligence Environment (WINE) platform. We use regression analysis to test for the effect of computing and monetary resources, web browsing behavior, computer piracy, cyber security expertise, and international relations on international variation in malware encounters. We find that trojans, worms, and viruses are most prevalent in Sub-Saharan African countries. Many Asian countries also encounter substantial quantities of malware. Our regression analysis reveals that the main factor that explains high malware exposure of these countries is a widespread computer piracy especially when combined with poverty. Our regression analysis also reveals that, surprisingly, web browsing behavior, cyber security expertise, and international relations have no significant effect.
Expanding Subjective Lexicons for Social Media Mining with Embedding Subspaces

Recent approaches for sentiment lexicon induction have capitalized on pre-trained word embeddings that capture latent semantic properties. However, embeddings obtained by optimizing performance of a given task (e.g. predicting contextual words) are sub-optimal for other applications. In this paper, we address this problem by exploiting task-specific representations, induced via embedding sub-space projection. This allows us to expand lexicons describing multiple semantic properties. For each property, our model jointly learns suitable representations and the concomitant predictor. Experiments conducted over multiple subjective lexicons, show that our model outperforms previous work and other baselines; even in low training data regimes. Furthermore, lexicon-based sentiment classifiers built on top of our lexicons outperform similar resources and yield performances comparable to those of supervised models.
Microfluidic devices fabricated in Poly(dimethylsiloxane) for biological studies

This review describes microfluidic systems in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) for biological studies. Properties of PDMS that make it a suitable platform for miniaturized biological studies, techniques for fabricating PDMS microstructures, and methods for controlling fluid flow in microchannels are discussed. Biological procedures that have been miniaturized into PDMS‐based microdevices include immunoassays, separation of proteins and DNA, sorting and manipulation of cells, studies of cells in microchannels exposed to laminar flows of fluids, and large‐scale, combinatorial screening. The review emphasizes the advantages of miniaturization for biological analysis, such as efficiency of the device and special insights into cell biology.
Anomalous extinction behaviour towards the Type Ia SN 2003cg

We present optical and near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy of the Type Ia SN 2003cg, which exploded in the nearby galaxy NGC 3169. The observations cover a period between -8.5 and +414 days post-maximum. SN 2003cg is a normal but highly-reddened Type Ia event. Its B magnitude at maximum Bmax=15.94±0.04
Polynomial-time algorithm for on-chip scratchpad memory partitioning

Focusing on embedded applications, scratchpad memories (SPMs) look like a best-compromise solution when taking into account performance, energy consumption and die area. The main challenge in SPM design is mapping memory locations to scratchpad locations. This paper describes an algorithm to optimally solve such a mapping problem by means of Dynamic Programming applied to a synthesizable hardware architecture. The algorithm works by mapping segments of external memory to physically partitioned banks of an on-chip SPM; this architecture provides significant energy savings. The algorithm does not require any user-set bound on the number of partitions and takes into account partitioning overhead. Improving on previous solutions, execution time is polynomial in the input size. Strategies to optimize memory requirements and speed of the algorithm are exploited. Additionally, we integrate this algorithm in a complete and automated design, simulation and synthesis flow.
Flavoured Large N Gauge Theory in an External Magnetic Field

We consider a D7-brane probe of AdS$_{5}\times S^5$ in the presence of pure gauge $B$-field. In the dual gauge theory, the $B$-field couples to the fundamental matter introduced by the D7-brane and acts as an external magnetic field. The $B$-field supports a 6-form Ramond-Ramond potential on the D7-branes world volume that breaks the supersymmetry and enables the dual gauge theory to develop a non-zero fermionic condensate. We explore the dependence of the fermionic condensate on the bare quark mass $m_{q}$ and show that at zero bare quark mass a chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken. A study of the meson spectrum reveals a coupling between the vector and scalar modes, and in the limit of weak magnetic field we observe Zeeman splitting of the states. We also observe the characteristic $\sqrt{m_{q}}$ dependence of the ground state corresponding to the Goldstone boson of spontaneously broken chiral symmetry.
MuMHR: Multi-path, Multi-hop Hierarchical Routing

This paper proposes a self-organizing, cluster based protocol - multi-path, multi-hop hierarchical routing (MuMHR) - for use in large scale, distributed wireless sensor networks (WSN). With MuMHR, robustness is achieved by each node learning multiple paths and election of cluster-head backup node(s). Energy expenditure is reduced by shortening the distance between the node and its cluster-head and by reducing the setup communication overhead. This is done through incorporating the number-of-hops metric in addition to the back-off waiting time. Simulation results show that MuMHR performs better than LEACH, which is the most promising hierarchical routing algorithm to date; MuMHR reduces the total number of set-up messages by up to 65% and enhances the data delivery ratio by up to 0.83.
EARLY BOLTING IN SHORT DAYS Is Related to Chromatin Remodeling Factors and Regulates Flowering in Arabidopsis by Repressing FT Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.012153.

The timing of flowering initiation depends on the balanced expression of a complex network of genes that are regulated by both endogenous and environmental factors. We showed previously that mutations at the EARLY BOLTING IN SHORT DAYS (EBS) locus of Arabidopsis result in an acceleration of flowering, especially in noninductive photoperiods (short days), and other phenotypic anomalies. We have identified the EBS gene and demonstrate that it encodes a nuclear protein that contains a bromoadjacent homology domain and a plant homeodomain Zn finger. Both types of motif are thought to mediate protein–protein interactions and occur in transcriptional regulators involved in chromatin remodeling, suggesting that EBS is part of a transcriptional repressor complex that modulates chromatin structure and is required to repress the initiation of flowering in short days. Overexpression of EBS has phenotypic effects similar to those of recessive ebs mutations, suggesting that both might disrupt the formation of protein complexes that contain EBS. Analysis of the expression of flowering-time genes in ebs mutants and in EBS-overexpressing plants indicates that EBS participates in the regulation of flowering time by specifically repressing the expression of FT, a key gene in the integration of floral promotion pathways in Arabidopsis.
Chiral Compactifications of 6 D Conformal Theories

We construct chiral N = 1 gauge theories in 4D by compactifying the 6D BlumIntriligator (1, 0) theories of 5-branes at Ak singularities on T 2 with a nontrivial bundle of the global U(1) symmetry of these theories. cschan@princeton.edu origa@viper.princeton.edu krogh@itp.ucsb. edu
SATORI-a fast sequential SAT engine for circuits

We describe the design and implementation of SATORI-a fast sequential justification engine based on state-of-the-art SAT and ATPG techniques. We present several novel techniques that propel SATORI to a demonstrable 10x improvement over a commercial engine. Traditional sequential justification based on ATPG or, on a bounded model of the sequential circuit using SAT, has diverging strengths and weaknesses. In this paper, we contrast these techniques and describe how their-strengths are combined in SATORI. We use conflict-based learning in each time-frame and illegal state learning across time-frames. This enables both combinational and sequential back-jumping. We experimentally analyze the main features of SATORI by comparing SATORI'S performance against a state-of-the-art SAT solver-ZCHAFF using a bounded model, and a commercial sequential ATPG engine performing justification. Additional results are presented for SATORI versus the commercial ATPG engine and VIS on ISCAS '89 and ITC'99 benchmark circuits for an application to assertion checking.
Minimizing Energy Consumption Through Mobility in Wireless Video Sensor Networks

Energy is an important issue in designing wireless sensor networks. Coverage and connectivity are not of less important since they are necessary for the network to be operational. In this work, we consider the case of wireless video sensor networks where some sensors have visual capabilities. We study the benefit of having some mobile nodes able to move in the network field so coverage and connectivity constraints are satisfied while saving energy. We formulated this problem using integer linear programming. We performed several experiments using the CPLEX solver, to get some insight into the contribution of mobility in the context of video streaming. We mainly show that, even if mobility cost is much higher than communication, the latter tends to be predominant in the overall consumed energy as the video session duration increases. Thus, justifying the mobility cost. Keywords-Video; mobility; optimization; energy saving; topology control;
Low level of activin A secreted by fibroblast feeder cells accelerates early stage differentiation of retinal pigment epithelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) differentiated to retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) provide a promising tool for cell replacement therapies of retinal degenerative diseases. The in vitro differentiation of hPSC-RPE is still poorly understood and current differentiation protocols rely on spontaneous differentiation on fibroblast feeder cells or as floating cell aggregates in suspension. The fibroblast feeder cells may have an inductive effect on the hPSC-RPE differentiation, providing variable signals mimicking the extraocular mesenchyme that directs the differentiation in vivo. The effect of the commonly used fibroblast feeder cells on the hPSCRPE differentiation was studied by comparing suspension differentiation in standard RPEbasic (no bFGF) medium to RPEbasic medium conditioned with mouse embryonic (mEF-CM) and human foreskin (hFF-CM) fibroblast feeder cells. The fibroblast secreted factors were found to enhance early hPSC-RPE differentiation. The onset of pigmentation was faster in the conditioned media (CM) compared to RPEbasic for both human embryonic (hESC) and induced pluripotent (iPSC) stem cells, with the first pigments appearing around two weeks of differentiation. After four weeks of differentiation, CM conditions consistently contained higher number of pigmented cell aggregates. The ratio of PAX6 and MITF positive cells was quantified to be clearly higher in the CM conditions, with mEFCM containing most positive cells. The mEF cells were found to secrete low levels of activin A growth factor that is known to regulate eye field differentiation. As RPEbasic was supplemented with corresponding, low level (10 ng/ml) of recombinant human activin A, a clear increase in the hPSC-RPE differentiation was achieved. Thus, inductive effect provided by feeder cells was at least partially driven by activin A and could be substituted with a low level of recombinant growth factor in contrasts to previously reported much higher concentrations.
Pose Priors for Aerial Image Registration

RANSAC has become an essential tool for the robust estimation of inter-image geometries using point correspondences. Due to its randomized nature, RANSAC becomes inefficient for large numbers of incorrect matches. This paper presents four methods for utilizing prior geometric information when estimating the homography which register a pair of near-nadir aerial images. In this case the initial geometric estimate is derived using strict assumptions about the camera and scene geometry and photometric information present in each image, however, the techniques described could be applied to other sources of pose prior information. The algorithms described allow for the successful estimation of the inter-image homography in a severely constrained number of iterations, even in the presence of low numbers of inliers.