Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational cost reduction of long short-term memory based on simultaneous compression of input and hidden state

Long short-term memory (LSTM) has been successfully applied to acoustic modeling for automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, because of its complicated structure, LSTM requires high computational cost especially when the number of dimensions of memory cell is sufficiently high to get good ASR performance. In this paper, we present a novel technique to reduce computational cost of LSTM in which the input and the previous hidden state vectors are simultaneously compressed with a linear projection layer. From experimental results, it is shown that the proposed technique outperforms a standard LSTM and an LSTM with a recurrent projection layer. It is also shown that in the proposed technique ASR performance is improved by increasing the number of dimensions of memory cell when the sizes of models are comparable.
Coherence Transfer in Spatially Resolved NMR

We present an overview of some applications of coherence transfer experiments in spatially resolved NMR, with examples from imaging and volume localized spectroscopy. While the major preoccupation of spatially resolved NMR experiments is normally with the dominant component (e.g. water) of heterogeneous multi-component systems, the interest in minor components (e.g. metabolites) of such systems is a strong motivation to develop and apply special techniques. Unlike water, these components typically involve scalar coupled spin systems. They lend themselves therefore to investigations based on the correlated evolution of coupled spins. Specifi cally, we briefl y describe in this contribution the spatially resolved version of multiple quantum experiments, indirect detection experiments and spin correlation experiments.
Nonparametric Link Prediction in Large Scale Dynamic Networks

We propose a nonparametric approach to link prediction in large-scale dynamic networks. Our model uses graph-based features of pairs of nodes as well as those of their local neighborhoods to predict whether those nodes will be linked at each time step. The model allows for different types of evolution in different parts of the graph (e.g, growing or shrinking communities). We focus on large-scale graphs and present an implementation of our model that makes use of locality-sensitive hashing to allow it to be scaled to large problems. Experiments with simulated data as well as five real-world dynamic graphs show that we outperform the state of the art, especially when sharp fluctuations or nonlinearities are present. We also establish theoretical properties of our estimator, in particular consistency and weak convergence, the latter making use of an elaboration of Stein's method for dependency graphs.
Preparation of silica aerogels with improved mechanical properties and extremely low thermal conductivities through modified sol-gel process

Reported silica aerogels have a thermal conductivity as low as 15 mW/mK. The fragility of silica aerogels, however, makes them impractical for structural applications. The purpose of the study is to improve the ductility of aerogels while retain the low thermal conductivity of silica aerogels. We have established a new synthesis route, a 3-step sol-gel processing method. The method provides better control of the formation of aerogel structures. The produced silica aerogels show much improved ductility compared to conventional methods in literatures. Furthermore, the synthesized silica aerogels have thermal conductivities as low as about 9 mW/mK, which is the lowest in all reported solids. The ultra low thermal conductivity can be explained with nano-scale structures for the silica aerogels, which have been characterized using advanced techniques including BET and SEM. We have further investigated and demonstrated the ability of enhancing mechanical properties of silica aerogels through structure modification using the proposed 3-step sol-gel processing method. The molecular-level synergism between silica particles/clusters and the doped functional materials inverts the relative host-guest roles in the produced aerogel composite, leading to new stronger and more robust low-density materials. Thesis Supervisor: Taofang Zeng Title: Principal Research Scientist of Mechanical Engineering Thesis Co-Advisor: Gang Chen Title: Carl Richard Soderberg Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Correlation between Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging and Image-guided Biopsies: Semiquantitative and Qualitative Histopathological Analyses of Patients with Untreated Glioma

OBJECTIVESince intratumoral heterogeneity of gliomas is not adequately reflected in conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we sought to determine a correlation between different proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI) metabolic ratios and the degree of tumor infiltration in diffusely infiltrating gliomas. In this report, we describe the microscopic anatomy of gliomas on imaging. METHODSImage-guided biopsies with semiquantitative and qualitative histopathological analyses from a series of 31 untreated patients with low- and high-grade gliomas were correlated with multivoxel 1H MRSI referenced to the same spatial coordinates. RESULTSThis series yielded 247 tissue samples and 307 observations. Choline-containing compounds using contralateral creatine and choline for normalization or ipsilateral N-acetylaspartate appear to correlate best with the degree of tumor infiltration. Similar correlations were present within each grade after stratification. Despite the interpatient overlap of metabolic ratios between normal tissue and mild tumor infiltration, preliminary analyses revealed that 1H MRSI appears more accurate than conventional MRI in defining the tumor boundary and quantifying the degree of tumor infiltration. CONCLUSIONThis is the first study showing histopathological validation of tumor boundaries using 1H MRSI. These results support the conclusion that 1H MRSI accurately reflects the extent of the disease in patients with gliomas. This has important diagnostic and therapeutic implications for more accurately assessing the burden of disease as well as for planning and assessing response to therapy.
Multisite Phosphorylation Mechanism for Protein Kinase A Activation of the Smooth Muscle ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel

The activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels by protein kinase A in vascular smooth muscle is an important component of the action of vasodilators. In this study, we examine the molecular mechanisms of regulation of the cloned equivalent of this channel comprising the sulfonylurea receptor 2B and the inward rectifier 6.1 subunit (SUR2B/Kir6.1). Specifically, we focus on whether the channel is directly phosphorylated and the sites at which this occurs in the protein complex. We identify one site in Kir6.1 (S385) and two sites in SUR2B (T633 and S1465) using a combination of biochemical and functional assays. Our work supports a model in which multiple sites in the channel complex have to be phosphorylated before activation occurs.
An Efficient Implementation of the Message Passing Interface (MPI) on the Fujitsu AP1000

The message passing interface standard released in April 1994 by the MPI Forum 2], deenes a set of message passing primitives for multi-computers and clustered systems. The standard provides a large collection of functions, with the aim of providing eecient implementations, source code portability and support for the development of parallel libraries. In this paper, we describe the implementation and performance of MPI on the Fujitsu AP1000. To produce an eecient implementation, the existing operating system had to be modiied to better support MPI operations. These modii-cations are discussed, along with the hardware operations that were utilised. A selective broadcast operation was developed which provided ef-cient implementations of many of the collective routines regardless of group size. The performance of MPI and CellOS point-to-point and broadcast operations are compared, along with benchmarks of some of the MPI collective routines .
Supporting evidence from the New York drumlin field that elongate subglacial bedforms indicate fast ice flow

Although drumlins and other subglacial bedforms are well‐studied features, controls on their formation and morphometry have remained elusive. Of current interest is the hypothesis that elongate bedforms (length:width ratios≥ 10) indicate fast ice flow, and perhaps the location of past ice streams. This hypothesis is explored by analysing drumlins from the New York State drumlin field. A subset of 548 drumlins between Oneida Lake and Lake Ontario was digitized using 10‐m grid cell digital elevation data. Because bedform elongation is greatest along the axis of a reconstructed lobe and increases down flowline, elongate bedforms are best explained by fast ice flow. The swath of elongate bedforms between lakes Ontario and Oneida, the boundaries of which do not coincide with topography, may signify the location of an ice stream during deglaciation.
Constrained Semi-supervised Learning in the Presence of Unanticipated Classes

Traditional semi-supervised learning (SSL) techniques consider the missing labels of unlabeled datapoints as latent/unobserved variables, and model these variables, and the parameters of the model, using techniques like Expectation Maximization (EM). Such semisupervised learning techniques are widely used for Automatic Knowledge Base Construction (AKBC) tasks. We consider two extensions to traditional SSL methods which make it more suitable for a variety of AKBC tasks. First, we consider jointly assigning multiple labels to each instance, with a flexible scheme for encoding constraints between assigned labels: this makes it possible, for instance, to assign labels at multiple levels from a hierarchy. Second, we account for another type of latent variable, in the form of unobserved classes. In open-domain webscale information extraction problems, it is an unrealistic assumption that the class ontology or topic hierarchy we are using is complete. Our proposed framework combines structural search for the best class hierarchy with SSL, reducing the semantic drift associated with erroneously grouping unanticipated classes with expected classes. Together, these extensions allow a single framework to handle a large number of knowledge extraction tasks, including macro-reading, noun-phrase classification, word sense disambiguation, alignment of KBs to wikipedia or on-line glossaries, and ontology extension. To summarize, this thesis argues that many AKBC tasks which have previously been addressed separately can be viewed as instances of single abstract problem: multiview semisupervised learning with an incomplete class hierarchy. In this thesis we present a generic EM framework for solving this abstract task.
Formalization and Automation of Time-Space Conflict Analysis

With increasing pressure for shorter delivery schedules, space is a critical resource at construction sites. Current industry practice lacks a formalized approach or tool to help project managers analyze spatial conflicts between activities prior to construction. Consequently, time-space conflicts occur frequently and significantly impact construction processes. Time-space conflicts have three characteristics that impede the detection and analysis of time-space conflicts prior to construction: (1) They have a temporal aspect; (2) they have different forms creating different problems; and (3) multiple types of spatial conflicts can exist between a pair of conflicting activities. This research formalizes time-space conflict analysis as a classification task and addresses these challenges by automatically (1) detecting conflicts in four dimensions; (2) categorizing the conflicts according to a taxonomy of time-space conflicts that is developed; and (3) prioritizing the multiple types of conflicts between the.
On the Performance of the Sum-of-sinusoids Simulation Models for Rayleigh Fading Channels

This paper deals with the Sum-Of-Sinusoids (SOS)-based simulation method for generating time-correlated Rayleigh fading processes. Five of the most accepted and recently proposed SOS-based Rayleigh fading models have been analyzed and compared. We have used the mean and the maximum power margin quality measures to assess the accuracy of the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the generated processes. The quality of the envelope probability density function (PDF) is evaluated using the Jeffrey's divergence (J-div) criterion. A comparison in terms of the time of execution is additionally presented. Compared with both stochastic and deterministic SOS models, the recently published Wang's model has proven to be very successful. This model is shown to outperform all SOS models. Although Zheng and Xiao have recently introduced new SOS models, these latter have failed to achieve the performances reached by their first model which remains as the best choice among the Zheng and Xiao's family of models.
Modeling tuberculous meningitis in zebrafish using Mycobacterium marinum

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of the most severe extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis, with a high morbidity and mortality. Characteristic pathological features of TBM are Rich foci, i.e. brain- and spinal-cord-specific granulomas formed after hematogenous spread of pulmonary tuberculosis. Little is known about the early pathogenesis of TBM and the role of Rich foci. We have adapted the zebrafish model of Mycobacterium marinum infection (zebrafish–M. marinum model) to study TBM. First, we analyzed whether TBM occurs in adult zebrafish and showed that intraperitoneal infection resulted in granuloma formation in the meninges in 20% of the cases, with occasional brain parenchyma involvement. In zebrafish embryos, bacterial infiltration and clustering of infected phagocytes was observed after infection at three different inoculation sites: parenchyma, hindbrain ventricle and caudal vein. Infection via the bloodstream resulted in the formation of early granulomas in brain tissue in 70% of the cases. In these zebrafish embryos, infiltrates were located in the proximity of blood vessels. Interestingly, no differences were observed when embryos were infected before or after early formation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), indicating that bacteria are able to cross this barrier with relatively high efficiency. In agreement with this observation, infected zebrafish larvae also showed infiltration of the brain tissue. Upon infection of embryos with an M. marinum ESX-1 mutant, only small clusters and scattered isolated phagocytes with high bacterial loads were present in the brain tissue. In conclusion, our adapted zebrafish–M. marinum infection model for studying granuloma formation in the brain will allow for the detailed analysis of both bacterial and host factors involved in TBM. It will help solve longstanding questions on the role of Rich foci and potentially contribute to the development of better diagnostic tools and therapeutics.
Analysis of the Fork-Join Queue

A fork-join queue is considered as a typical model of parallel processing systems with arrival and departure synchronizations. An approach for obtaining the transient and the steady-state solutions of the fork-join queue in terms of the virtual waiting times, which can be used to obtain the response time and the delay between the fork and the join instants, is presented. With the restriction of the service time being the Erlangian distribution, the formulations result in a form of a series, the worth of which is in actually computing numerical results. The joint-state-occupancy probabilities can be easily deduced from the results. The approximate solutions in the steady state are presented for the cases where the interarrival time distributions are exponential and hyperexponential, and the service-time distributions are exponential and two-state Erlangian. The parallelism achievable with synchronization constraints is examined from the approximations. >
Étudier le polyusage récréationnel de drogues à travers une simulation multi-agents ontologique

Cette these examine la carriere des polyusagers recreationnels de drogues a travers une perspective pluridisciplinaire. Cette perspective rend compte de la complexite du phenomene en integrant des elements de neurologie dans une approche sociologique. Ces elements theoriques sont integres dans un modele multi-agents visant a tester cette approche et a etendre ses resultats. Afin d‘informer ce modele, trente-huit entretiens comprehensifs ont ete realises aupres de polyusagers socialement integres. Apres une premiere phase ou la consommation de drogues est orientee vers l'integration au groupe de pairs et a l'apprentissage des techniques de consommation, les usagers tendent a instrumentaliser les drogues pour faciliter leur adaptation aux normes contemporaines et gerer les contraintes sociales. La polyconsommation semble etre le paroxysme de l‘instrumentalisation des psychotropes et peut revetir quatre formes permettant aux usagers recreationnels de faire varier a dessein leurs etats physiques et psychologiques. La derniere phase de la carriere est caracterisee par un accroissement des techniques de controle permettant aux individus de concilier leurs usages avec l'accroissement de leurs obligations sociales. Le statut d'usager "controleur" est defini en opposition avec le stereotype de l'usager dependant, participant a l'etiquetage de ces derniers en tant que deviant. Les resultats de l'enquete empirique ont ete formalises a l'aide de diagrammes visuels avant d‘etre implementes dans la plateforme NetLogo. Le modele cree, baptise SimUse, fut verifie a travers plusieurs scenarios evaluant l‘adequation entre les algorithmes implementes et les donnees empiriques recueillies.
Personified and Multistate Camera Motions for First-Person Navigation in Desktop Virtual Reality

In this paper we introduce novel 'Camera Motions' (CMs) to improve the sensations related to locomotion in virtual environments (VE). Traditional Camera Motions are artificial oscillating motions applied to the subjective viewpoint when walking in the VE, and they are meant to evoke and reproduce the visual flow generated during a human walk. Our novel camera motions are: (1) multistate, (2) personified, and (3) they can take into account the topography of the virtual terrain. Being multistate, our CMs can account for different states of locomotion in VE namely: walking, but also running and sprinting. Being personified, our CMs can be adapted to avatars physiology such as to its size, weight or training status. They can then take into account avatars fatigue and recuperation for updating visual CMs accordingly. Last, our approach is adapted to the topography of the VE. Running over a strong positive slope would rapidly decrease the advance speed of the avatar, increase its energy loss, and eventually change the locomotion mode, influencing the visual feedback of the camera motions. Our new approach relies on a locomotion simulator partially inspired by human physiology and implemented for a real-time use in Desktop VR. We have conducted a series of experiments to evaluate the perception of our new CMs by naive participants. Results notably show that participants could discriminate and perceive transitions between the different locomotion modes, by relying exclusively on our CMs. They could also perceive some properties of the avatar being used and, overall, very well appreciated the new CMs techniques. Taken together, our results suggest that our new CMs could be introduced in Desktop VR applications involving first-person navigation, in order to enhance sensations of walking, running, and sprinting, with potentially different avatars and over uneven terrains, such as for: training, virtual visits or video games.
Collaboration for Success in Crowdsourced Innovation Projects: Knowledge Creation, Team Diversity, and Tacit Coordination

When innovation projects are crowdsourced, individuals are allowed to form teams and collaborate to develop a successful solution. In this environment, teams will be competing with each other, as only the winning ones take the award home. Should a worker work alone, so that she or he does not need to share the award when she or he wins, or should she or he form a team for a better chance to win? In this paper, we studied the behaviors of workers in the context of crowdsourced innovation projects (CIPs).
The small nonstructural protein (NS2) of the parvovirus minute virus of mice is required for efficient DNA replication and infectious virus production in a cell-type-specific manner

Seven mutations which affect only the small nonstructural protein NS2 were introduced into the infectious clone of the autonomous parvovirus, minute virus of mice (MVM). The majority of these mutants were severely defective for replication following transfection of normal host murine A9 fibroblasts; however, all were found to replicate more efficiently and produce infectious virus in certain other cell types, including human NB324K. The isolation of viral stocks from NB324K cells permitted a more detailed analysis of the mutant defect on A9 cells. NS2 mutant NS2-2018 was shown to be approximately 10-fold deficient for viral monomer replicative-form DNA production within a single-burst cycle in infected A9 cells and produced a reduced amount of progeny single strand. Mutant NS2-2018 generated wild-type levels of monomer replicative-form DNA on NB324K cells but made reduced levels of progeny single strand and small plaques on these cells. The accumulation of NS1 is reduced late in NS2-2018 infection of A9 cells, but NS1 accumulates to wild-type levels late in NB324K cell infections. NS1 nuclear localization is not dependent on NS2 in A9 or NB324K cells. These results indicate that NS2 participates in MVM DNA replication and is required for efficient viral growth. The requirement for NS2 during MVM replication is also host cell specific. This requirement is significantly more pronounced in the normal host murine A9 cells than in certain other cell types, including NB324K.
Robust and Optimal Locations for Sustainable Environment and Systems (ROLSES)

This research project aims at presenting some new methodological approaches and recent results to solve the problem of optimal facility location for several demand points in the geographical space. More precisely, it is an interdisciplinary research project, funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR). The poster provides interesting points of view and perspectives on discrete facility optimal location problems in isotropic spaces. All the centers and methods to fix them are original because they focus on robustness and sustainability purposes, and also because they provide to planners a certain degree of freedom to locate the center on the territory. This work opens to fruitful applications on transport networks.