Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Response to Stratospheric Forcing and Its Dependence on the State

LUMBProgram of Atmospheres, Oceans, and Climate, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts(Manuscript received 29 August 2008, in ﬁnal form 2 January 2009)ABSTRACTIn simple GCMs, the time scale associated with the persistence of one particular phase of the model’sleading mode of variability can often be unrealistically large. In a particularly extreme example, the timescale in the Polvani–Kushner model is about an order of magnitude larger than the observed atmosphere.From the ﬂuctuation–dissipation theorem, one implication of these simple models is that responses areexaggerated, sincesuch setupsareoverlysensitivetoany externalforcing. Althoughthe model’sequilibriumtemperature is set up to represent perpetual Southern Hemisphere winter solstice, it is found that thetropospheric eddy-driven jet has a preference for two distinct regions: the subtropics and midlatitudes.Becauseofthisbimodality,thejetpersistsinoneregionforthousands ofdaysbefore‘‘switching’’toanother.As a result, the time scale associated with the intrinsic variability is unrealistic. In this paper, the authorssystematically vary the model’s tropospheric equilibrium temperature proﬁle, one conﬁguration beingidentical to that of Polvani and Kushner. Modest changes to the tropospheric state to either side of theparameter space removed the bimodality in the zonal-mean zonal jet’s spatial distribution and signiﬁcantlyreduced the time scale associated with the model’s internal mode. Consequently, the tropospheric responseto the same stratospheric forcing is signiﬁcantly weaker than in the Polvani and Kushner case.
Parallel Authoritarian Institutions : An Explanation of Mexico ’ s Authoritarian Regime Durability and Breakdown

Party politicians in dominant party autocracies are not always in charge of taking the most important authoritative decisions in a country. Instead, it is the bureaucracy -staffed by non-party menthe one in charge of deciding the policies of the country and party politicians the ones in charge of controlling the opposition and implementing some of these policies. This role differentiation affects elite collective action and, therefore, regime durability. I use the case of Mexico -which most scholars characterize as the paradigm of dominant party autocraciesto show that it is fruitful for theoretical and descriptive reasons to distinguish between those organizations in charge of the regimes despotic power (i.e. who takes decisions) and those in charge of its infrastructural power (i.e. who implements decisions). Using process tracing and open interviews with former top-echelons of the regime, the paper examines how Mexico’s bureaucrats were able to dominate the hegemonic party and the behavior of party politicians, how this dominance enhanced regime durability and how it came to an end, contributing to the breakdown of one of the longest lived authoritarian regimes of the 20th Century. ∗Prepared for the conference “Dominant Party Systems”. University of Michigan; May 9-10, 2014. I am grateful to Juan Fernando Ibarra del Cueto, Manuel Viedma, and Dan Slater for comments on previous versions of this paper. All errors are, of course, my own. Please do not cite or circulate without the author’s permission.
Analysis and Improvement of Fireworks Algorithm

The Fireworks Algorithm is a recently developed swarm intelligence algorithm to simulate the explosion process of fireworks. Based on the analysis of each operator of Fireworks Algorithm (FWA), this paper improves the FWA and proves that the improved algorithm converges to the global optimal solution with probability 1. The proposed algorithm improves the goal of further boosting performance and achieving global optimization where mainly include the following strategies. Firstly using the opposition-based learning initialization population. Secondly a new explosion amplitude mechanism for the optimal firework is proposed. In addition, the adaptive t-distribution mutation for non-optimal individuals and elite opposition-based learning for the optimal individual are used. Finally, a new selection strategy, namely Disruptive Selection, is proposed to reduce the running time of the algorithm compared with FWA. In our simulation, we apply the CEC2013 standard functions and compare the proposed algorithm (IFWA) with SPSO2011, FWA, EFWA and dynFWA. The results show that the proposed algorithm has better overall performance on the test functions.
Educación intercultural y un modelo de competencias docentes basado en la indagación y creatividad

espanolEn el desarrollo del texto se presenta un estudio que describe la influencia del enfoque intercultural y el dominio de competencias que permiten al profesorado nuevos modelos de ensenanza basados en la indagacion y en el desarrollo de la creatividad para atender a los contextos con gran diversidad. Desde esta perspectiva, el objetivo es plantear metodologicas renovadoras que ofrezcan al docente la oportunidad de adquirir estas capacidades y habilidades comunicativas que potencien el intercambio de experiencias como parte del autodesarrollo profesional. La aplicacion de estas propuestas le permitiran al docente asumir un rol mas transformador para favorecer su practica diaria en las escuelas actuales. En la ultima fase de la investigacion realizada, han participado 174 profesores de Educacion Primaria y Secundaria procedentes de centros educativos no universitarios de las diferentes provincias de la comunidad autonoma de Castilla-La Mancha. EnglishThe text shows a study that describes the influence of an intercultural approach and the importance of the use of the proper skills that allow educators to develop new teaching models based on inquiry and development of creativity; by this way they will be able to pay attention to cultural diversity in schools The renewed methodologies help teachers acquire these skills and abilities through investigation to promote the exchange of experiences in the teaching practice. In the last phase of a research, 174 Primary and Secondary Education teachers coming from schools in different provinces of Castilla-La Mancha took part.
Pathological image segmentation for neuroblastoma using the GPU

We present a novel use of GPUs (graphics processing units) for the analysis of histopathological images of neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer. Thanks to the advent of modern microscopy scanners, whole-slide histopathological images can now be acquired but the computational costs to analyze these images using sophisticated image analysis algorithms are usually high. In this study, we have implemented previously developed image analysis algorithms using GPUs to exploit their outstanding processing power and memory bandwidth. The resulting GPU code was contrasted and combined with a C++ implementation on a multicore CPU to maximize parallelism on emerging architectures. Our codes were tested on different classes of images, with performance gain factors about 5.6x when the execution time of a Matlab code running on the CPU is compared with a code running jointly on CPU and GPU.
Video Surveillance Autopilot

A graph-based, scale and orientation invariant feature representation for 3D objects is introduced, which may be used to classify, detect and recognize objects even under the cases of cluttering and/or occlusion. With this representation a 3D object is defined by an attributed graph structure, in which the nodes are the pit and peak regions on the surface. The attributes of the graph are the scales, positions and the normals of these pits and peaks. In order to detect these regions a " peakness " (or pitness) measure is defined based on Gaussian curvature calculation, which is performed at various scales on the surface. Finally a " position vs. scale " feature volume is obtained and the graph nodes are extracted from this feature space by volume segmentation techniques.
What outcomes matter to patients?

OBJECTIVE: This study estimates the relative value to patients of physical, mental, and social health when making treatment decisions. Despite recommendations to use patient preferences to guide treatment decisions, little is known about how patients value different dimensions of their health status.DESIGN: Cross-sectional data from quasi-experimental, prospective study.SETTING: Forty-six primary care clinics in managed care organizations in California, Texas, Minnesota, Maryland, and Colorado.PATIENTS: Consecutive adult outpatients (n=16,689) visiting primary care providers.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short Form (SF-12) health-related quality of life and patient preferences for their current health status, as assessed by standard gamble and time trade-off utility methods, were measured. Only 5% of the variance in standard gamble and time trade-off was explained by the SF-12. Within the SF-12, physical health contributes substantially to patient preferences (35%–55% of the relative variance explained); however, patients also place a high value on their mental health (29%–42%) and on social health (16%–23%). The contribution of mental health to preferences is stronger in patients with chronic conditions.CONCLUSIONS: Patient preferences, which should be driving treatment decisions, are related to mental and social health nearly as much as they are to physical health. Thus, medical practice should strive to balance concerns for all three health domains in making treatment decisions, and health care resources should target medical treatments that improve mental and social health outcomes.
OASNET: an optimal allocation approach to influence maximization in modular social networks

Influence maximization in a social network is to target a given number of nodes in the network such that the expected number of activated nodes from these nodes is maximized. A social network usually exhibits some degree of modularity. Previous research efforts that made use of this topological property are restricted to random networks with two communities. In this paper, we firstly transform the influence maximization problem in a modular social network to an optimal resource allocation problem in the same network. We assume that the communities of the social network are disconnected. We then propose a recursive relation for finding such an optimal allocation. We prove that finding an optimal allocation in a modular social network is NP-hard and propose a new optimal dynamic programming algorithm to solve the problem. We name our new algorithm OASNET (Optimal Allocation in a Social NETwork). We compare OASNET with equal allocation, proportional allocation, random allocation and selecting top degree nodes without any allocation strategy on both synthetic and real world datasets. Experimental results show that OASNET outperforms these four heuristics.
Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transformation from δ-(BEDT-TTF)4[OsNOCl5]1.33(C6H5NO2)0.67 to β"-(BEDT-TTF)3[OsNOCl5]

We report on the single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation occurring over time in a layered organic molecular conductor based on BEDT-TTF. The process is connected with removal of solvent molecules from the complex anion layer resulting in concomitant partial irreversible conversion of the δ-(BEDT-TTF)4[OsNOCl5]1.33(C6H5NO2)0.67 structure to the β"-(BEDT-TTF)3[OsNOCl5] structure. Along with symmetry lowering from I2/a to Р, huge, drastic changes in the conducting BEDT-TTF layer as well as in the anion arrangement are observed, meanwhile crystallinity of the sample is retained. Coexistence of two phases, parent δ and daughter β" in the same crystal helps in the study of their mutual orientation as well as to formulate a mechanism for the structural transformation.
Tissue Targeting of Angiotensin Peptides*

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is an octapeptide generated by the sequential proteolytic action of renin and angiotensin converting enzyme on the glycoprotein angiotensinogen. While numerous mammalian tissues have been shown to express some or all of the components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the function of most of these tissue RAS remains a matter of conjecture. To test for tissue-specific functions of Ang II and as an alternative to co-expressing all the components of RAS, we have engineered a fusion protein that leads to direct Ang II release within specific tissues. The angiotensin peptide is cleaved from the fusion protein within the secretory pathway by the ubiquitous endoprotease furin and is released from the cell by constitutive secretion. Direct injection of an expression vector encoding such a fusion protein into rat cardiac ventricles results in a highly localized expression of atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA (an angiotensin responsive marker of cardiac hypertrophy), demonstrating the utility of this approach for local targeting of mature peptides to tissues in animal models.
The application of walking training in the rehabilitation of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting

Walking is regarded as one of the most common and utilitarian activities of everyday life. Rehabilitation programs developed on the basis of this form of activity often constitute the primary method of rehabilitating patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. This paper provides a review of literature concerning various forms of walking training, discussing their impact on the parameters of exercise capacity and verifying the training methods with regard to the current guidelines. Attention is drawn to the diversity of the exercise protocols applied during the early and late stages of rehabilitation and pre-rehabilitation programs including: treadmill walking, walking down the corridor, treadmill walking enriched with virtual reality, and walking as an element of training sessions consisting of many different forms of activities. Exercise protocols were also analyzed in terms of their safety, especially in the case of high-intensity interval training. Despite the variety of the available rehabilitation programs, the training methodology requires constant improvement, particularly in terms of load dosage and the supervision of training sessions.
Minimizing File Download Time in Stochastic Peer-to-Peer Networks

The peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing applications are becoming increasingly popular and account for more than 70% of the Internet's bandwidth usage. Measurement studies show that a typical download of a file can take from minutes up to several hours depending on the level of network congestion or the service capacity fluctuation. In this paper, we consider two major factors that have significant impact on average download time, namely, the spatial heterogeneity of service capacities in different source peers and the temporal fluctuation in service capacity of a single source peer. We point out that the common approach of analyzing the average download time based on average service capacity is fundamentally flawed. We rigorously prove that both spatial heterogeneity and temporal correlations in service capacity increase the average download time in P2P networks and then analyze a simple, distributed algorithm to effectively remove these negative factors, thus minimizing the average download time. We show through analysis and simulations that it outperforms most of other algorithms currently used in practice under various network configurations.
A CORBA Persistent State Service based on a UML Model to a Relational Database Mapping

In recent years, middleware industry, and particularly the CORBA project, have strongly integrated several aspects derived from databases: persistence, transaction management, security, etc. However, there still is a conceptual ”impedance mismatch” between the CORBA concepts and the concepts used in connection with databases (often referred to as a foundation of persistence). Bridging this gap often leads to significant developing effort. We show a mapping of UML classes (components) to relational databases and focus our work on dynamically generated CORBA interfaces. Starting with an UML model represented in the XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) format, a code generator writes consistent interface definitions and SQL scripts for relational database schema manipulation. This provides enough details for a database access server to allow the building of a database access code at runtime. The server is based on the CORBA Dynamic Skeleton Interface (DSI).
Effect of guard ring on sensitivity of the photo-transistor used in an optical mouse

In the operation of an optical mouse sensor, amplification of signal charge is necessary since low power dissipation and high speed are important. 3 kinds of structure of photo transistor were proposed to get high amplification gain. The performances were verified using 18pixel × 18pixel image sensor. The image sensor was manufactured using 0.18 μm design rule CMOS process. The highest sensitivity was appeared in structure which has no emitter layer on entire surface but has guard ring on boundary of the base. The guard ring maintains base voltage more uniform to get strong bipolar action. This image sensor was mounted in the mouse and showed sampling rate of motion detector up to 50 kH.
Catenae in Morphology

This paper argues for a renewed attempt at morphology in dependency grammar. The proposal made here is based on the concept of the “catena” proposed by Authors (in press). The predecessor to this notion was the “chain” introduced by O‟Grady (1998), and employed by Osborne (2005) and Groß and Osborne (2009). In morphology and morphosyntax, a morph catena is A MORPH OR A COMBINATION OF MORPHS THAT IS CONTINUOUS WITH RESPECT TO DOMINANCE. This concept allows for a parsimonious treatment of morphology on the surface. The fact that no additional terms and concepts are necessary for the analysis of morphological data is highly desirable because it makes a fluid transition from syntax to morphology possible. This paper introduces the relevant dependency relationships seen operating in morphology, and shows how they can be used to explain compound structure, bracketing paradoxes, and multiple periphrasis.
Accurate Low-Contrast 3D Cone-Beam Reconstruction With Algebraic Methods

This paper examines the use of the Algebraic Reconstruction Method (ART) and related techniques to reconstruct 3D objects from a relatively sparse set of cone-beam projection data. Although ART has been widely used for cone-beam reconstruction of high-contrast objects, e.g. in computed angiography, we are interested in the more challenging low-contrast case which represents a little investigated scenario for ART. Preliminary experiments indicate that for cone angles greater than 20 , traditional ART produces reconstructions with strong aliasing artifacts, obliterating much object detail. By analyzing the reconstruction process using signal processing principles it is revealed that the source of these artifacts is the non-uniform reconstruction grid sampling of the cone-beam rays. To eliminate these errors, we devise a new way of computing the weights of the reconstruction matrix. This new method is more adequate for cone-beam and replaces the usual constant-size interpolation filter by one whose size is dependent on the source-voxel distance. Doing so enables us to generate alias-free reconstruction at little extra cost. An alternative analysis reveals that Simultaneous ART (SART) has also great potential to produce reconstruction without cone-beam related artifacts, however at greater computational cost. Putting everything together, we thoroughly investigate the influence of various ART parameters, such as volume initialization, relaxation coefficient λ, correction scheme, and number of iterations, on reconstruction quality. Using a 3D version of the Shepp-Logan phantom, we find that ART typically requires only three iterations to render a reconstruction result close to the optimum (given proper parameter settings). Thus we conclude that ART is potentially not any costlier than Filtered Backprojection (FBP) techniques, particularly if one considers the fact that ART only requires a fraction of FBP’s projection set.
Student Factors Influencing Academic Performance of Students in Secondary Education in Kenya: A Case Study of Kakamega County

Quality of education is assessed on the basis of learners’ achievement. Performance in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examinations is therefore a good indicator of the quality of education offered in schools. This is because it is a standardized instrument and therefore a reliable measure. In the years 2011 to 2014 Kakamega County posted mean scores of 5.439, 5.228, 5.363 and 5.654 respectively. These means translate to an average of C- for the years 2011-2014 which was below the acceptable minimum quality grade of C+ that enables candidates pursue competitive courses such as medicine, pharmacy, engineering, architecture, law , teaching among others in tertiary institutions and at university level. The key factors based on studies that have been conducted on factors that influence students’ academic performance in secondary education are: principals, teachers, students, school factors and government policies. The number one factor is the student. This is because she is the person who stands to lose or gain ostensibly from performance in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examinations. Students are products of Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examinations process. It is against this backdrop that this study investigated student factors’ influence on student academic performance in secondary education in Kenya using Kakamega County as the site for the study. The study population consisted of 324 secondary school principals, 324 Deputy principals, 1 County Education Quality Assurance and Standards Officer and 9,000 Form IV students of 2014 cohort. Regression analysis technique was used to establish the influence of student factors on students’ academic performance. This study established that student factors influenced student academic performance by 7.56%. The other 24.4% was due to other factors which were not subject of this study. Performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary Education, age, participation in co-curricular activities and exclusion from school were student factors that were statistically significant predictors of students academic performance in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examinations whereas Kenya Certificate of Primary Education mark, exclusion from school and co-curricular activities enhanced students academic performance, age (18 years and above) reduced students academic performance. Unrest absenteeism from school, class and preps were not statistically significant predictors of students’ academic performance.
How nostalgia infuses life with meaning: From social connectedness to self‐continuity

Nostalgia increases meaning in life (MIL), but how so? In four experiments-using varied operationalizations of nostalgia, diverse populations, and complementary methodologies-we identified a serial process. We hypothesized and found, in Experiment 1, that self-continuity boosts MIL. We hypothesized and found, in Experiment 2, that nostalgia increases MIL through self-continuity. Finally, we hypothesized and found, in Experiments 3-4, that nostalgia fosters social connectedness, which plausibly heightens self-continuity, which in turn strengthens MIL. The findings clarify an intricate pathway through which nostalgia renders life more meaningful.