Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conservatism in a simple probability inference task.

3 experiments investigated the effects on posterior probability estimates of: (1) prior probabilities, amount of data, and diagnostic impact of the data; (2) payoffs; and (3) response modes. Ss usually behaved conservatively, i.e., the difference between their prior and posterior probability estimates was less than that prescribed by Bayes' theorem. Conservatism was unaffected by prior probabilities, remained constant as the amount of data increased, and decreased as the diagnostic value of each datum decreased. More learning occurred under payoff than under nonpayoff conditions and between-S variance was less under payoff conditions. Estimates were most nearly Bayesian under the (formally inappropriate) linear payoff, but considerable overestimation resulted; the log payoff condition yielded less conservatism than the quadratic payoff. Estimates were most nearly Bayesian when Ss estimated odds on a logarithmic scale.
An Assessment Study of Features and Meta-Level Features in Twitter Sentiment Analysis

Sentiment analysis is the task of determining the opinion expressed on subjective data, which may include microblog messages, such as tweets. This type of message has been considered the target of sentiment analysis in many recent studies, since they represent a rich source of opinionated texts. Thus, in order to determine the opinion expressed in tweets, different studies have employed distinct strategies, which mainly include supervised machine learning methods. For this purpose, different kinds of features have been evaluated. Despite that, none of the state-of-the-art studies has evaluated distinct categories of features, regarding their similar characteristics. In this context, this work presents a literature review of the most common feature representation in Twitter sentiment analysis. We propose to group features sharing similar aspects into specific categories. We also evaluate the relevance of these categories of features, including meta-level features, using a significant number of Twitter datasets. Furthermore, we apply important and well-known feature selection strategies in order to identify relevant subsets of features for each dataset. We show in the experimental evaluation that the results achieved in this study, using feature selection strategies, outperform the results reported in previous works for the most of the assessed datasets.
Enhancing artificial bee colony algorithm with generalised opposition-based learning

As a new global optimisation technique, artificial bee colony ABC algorithm becomes popular in recent years for its simplicity and effectiveness. In the basic ABC, however, the solution search equation updates only one dimension to produce a new candidate solution, which may result in that the offspring becomes similar to its parent and cause insufficient search. To overcome this drawback, we proposes an enhanced ABC EABC variant by utilising the generalised opposition-based learning GOBL strategy. With the help of GOBL, much more promising search regions can be explored, so the probability of converging to the global optimum is highly increased. Experiments are conducted on 13 well-known benchmark functions to verify the proposed approach, and the results show that EABC is very promising in terms of solution accuracy and convergence speed.
Optimal state estimation for discrete-time systems with delayed measurements

This paper investigates the linear minimum mean square error state estimation for discrete-time systems with delayed measurements. Although this problem has been studied widely in the past decades, some fundamental problems remain to be solved and some practical constraints are ignored in previous methods. This paper proposes an improved iterated estimator, using re-organization innovation and observation elimination to investigate the estimation problem. The performance and improvement is clearly demonstrated through the numerical example. The solved problem is important for some complicated engineering projects.
Typing dinucleotide repeat loci using microplate array diagonal gel electrophoresis: Proof of principle

Polymorphic dinucleotide repeat loci (‘microsatellite markers’) are found in varying abundance throughout the genomes of most organisms. They have been extensively used for genetic studies, but conventional techniques used for their genotyping require sophisticated equipment. Microplate array diagonal gel electrophoresis (MADGE) has previously been extended to economical high‐throughput genotyping of trinucleotide and tetranucleotide microsatellite amplicons. However, the capability of this technique to resolve the alleles of dinucleotide repeat loci has not been explored previously. Here we show that a modified microsatellite‐MADGE approach can provide sufficient resolution for dinucleotide repeat typing. This enables economical and convenient set up for analysis of single markers in many samples in parallel, suitable, for example, for population association studies.
A high frequency of GBV-C/HGV coinfection in hepatitis C patients in Germany.

AIM:To detect infection rate of GBV-C/HGV in hepatitis C patients, to determine the methods of higher sensitivity and the primers of higher efficiency for GBV-C/HGV RNA detection and to study the dominant subtype and mutation of GBV-C/HGV.METHODS:Quantitative RT-PCR for detection pf HCV RNA concentration in serum samples, RT-nested PCR with two sets of primers for detection of GBV-C RNA, RT-PCR ELISA with two sets of primers for detection of HGV RNA, nucleotide sequence and putative amino acid sequence analysis.RESULTS:The positive rates of GBV-C RNA at the 5'-NCR and NS3 region in 211 serums amples from the patients with HCV infection were 31.8% and 22.8% respectively. The positive rates of HGV RNA at the 5'-NCR and NS5 region in the same samples were 47.9% and 31.8% respectively. The total positive rate of GBV-C/HGV RNA was as high as 55.5%. HCV copy numbers in the patients without GBV-C/HGV coinfection were statistically higher than that in the patients with GBV-C/HGV coinfection (P<0.01). Frequent mutation of nucleotide residue was present in the amplification products. Frameshift mutation was found in two samples with GBV-C NS3 region nucleotide sequences. All nucleotide sequences from amplification products showed higher homology to HGV genome than to GBV-C genome even though part of the sequences were amplified with GBV-C primers.CONCLUSION:A high frequency of GBV-C/HGV coinfection existed in the hepatitis C patients. RT-PCR ELISA was more sensitive than RT-nested PCR for detection of GBV-C/HGV RNA. The primers derived from the 5'-NCR was more efficient than those derived from the NS3 and NS5 regions. A reverse relationship was found to exist between HCV RNA concentration and GBV-C/HGV infection frequency. HGV was the dominant subtype of the virus in the local area. The major mutations of GBV-C/HGV genomes were random mutation of nucleotide residue.
Spectrum Analysis of Waveform Digitizers by IDFT and Leakage Minimization

The paper presents possibility of the spectrum estimation of a uniform sampled signal, which is obtained by the dynamic testing of the measurement channel of a waveform digitizer. The advantages of the weighted DFT interpolations for the frequency, amplitude, and phase estimations in order to reduce the leakage effect of the fundamental component in the investigation of the residual spectrum is described. The proposed non-parametric algorithms retain all benefits of DFT approaches and improve the estimation accuracy as a function of a number of the signal cycles in the estimation interval. The spectrum of the window used must be formally well known (like the Manning window) for better analytical expression of the parameter estimation
Finding Partners in Crime? How Internal Transparency Affects Employee Collusion

Using a lab experiment, we investigate how internal transparency affects the tendency of employees to initiate collusive efforts with colleagues from other departments in an organization. Building on behavioral economics theory, we argue that employees who are treated unkindly by their managers are more willing to collude. We hypothesize that internal transparency affects collusion in two ways. First, by revealing how employees are treated by their managers, transparency affects the probability that specific individuals are approached by colleagues as potential “partners in crime. ” Second, increasing transparency incentivizes managers to treat employees better, which in turn reduces employees’ motivation to initiate collusive agreements. The results of the experiment generally support the theory and have several implications for research and practice.
Radio Pulse Search and X-Ray Monitoring of SAX J1808.4−3658: What Causes Its Orbital Evolution?

The accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4−3658 shows a peculiar orbital evolution that proceeds at a very fast pace. It is important to identify the underlying mechanism responsible for this behavior because it can help to understand how this system evolves and which physical processes (such as mass loss or spin–orbit coupling) are occurring in the binary. It has also been suggested that, when in quiescence, SAX J1808.4−3658 turns on as a radio pulsar, a circumstance that might provide a link between accreting millisecond pulsars and black-widow (BW) radio pulsars. In this work, we report the results of a deep radio pulsation search at 2 GHz using the Green Bank Telescope in 2014 August and an X-ray study of the 2015 outburst with Chandra, Swift XRT, and INTEGRAL. In quiescence, we detect no radio pulsations and place the strongest limit to date on the pulsed radio flux density of any accreting millisecond pulsar. We also find that the orbit of SAX J1808.4−3658 continues evolving at a fast pace. We compare the orbital evolution of SAX J1808.4−3658 to that of several other accreting and nonaccreting binaries, including BWs, redbacks, cataclysmic variables, black holes, and neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries. We discuss two possible scenarios: either the neutron star has a large moment of inertia and is ablating the donor, generating mass loss with an efficiency of 40%, or the donor star has a strong magnetic field of at least 1 kG and is undergoing quasi-cyclic variations due to spin–orbit coupling.
An effective framework for finding similar cases of dengue from audio and text data using domain thesaurus and case base reasoning

ABSTRACT Dengue, also known as break-bone fever, is a tropical disease transmitted by mosquitoes. If the similarity between dengue infected users can be identified, it can help government’s health agencies to manage the outbreak more effectively. To find similarity between cases affected by Dengue, user’s personal and health information are the two fundamental requirements. Identification of similar symptoms, causes, effects, predictions and treatment procedures, is important. In this paper, an effective framework is proposed which finds similar patients suffering from dengue using keyword aware domain thesaurus and case base reasoning method. This paper focuses on the use of ontology dependent domain thesaurus technique to extract relevant keywords and then build cases with the help of case base reasoning method. Similar cases can be shared with users, nearby hospitals and health organizations to manage the problem more adequately. Two million case bases were generated to test the proposed similarity method. Experimental evaluations of proposed framework resulted in high accuracy and low error rate for finding similar cases of dengue as compared to UPCC and IPCC algorithms. The framework developed in this paper is for dengue but can easily be extended to other domains also.
Design and Operation of Distribution Markets

The growing penetration of distributed prosumers especially microgrids poses new challenges to the operation of wholesale markets and distribution power systems. Price spikes and higher uncertainty are among these consequences. Distribution markets are envisioned as a remedy to streamline integration of distributed resources and microgrids in the electricity market. This dissertation offers an analytical formulation of electricity markets in the distribution level, considering various prevailing aspects of the market operation problem. The prevailing challenges in regards to integration of microgrids in the electricity markets are illustrated first, and the distribution market operator (DMO) construct is outlined. The day-ahead scheduling of a microgrid participating in a DMO market is formulated and studied. Then the operation of distribution markets integrated with large numbers of responsive participants is considered, and its transactions with the distribution market participants on one hand, and the wholesale market on the other hand are modeled and studied. The market settlement and clearing, essential in operation of distribution markets, is considered and solved. The pricing mechanism in a distribution market is proposed and the relation of distribution and transmission and distribution prices is studied. A more advanced pricing mechanism considering voltages and reactive power is developed and studied. In order to offer a more accurate pricing structure within the distribution system, a linearized distribution power flow is utilized. The performance of the proposed iii methods is analyzed and the results are presented. Markets have been recently envisioned to be a suitable instrument for integration of distributed energy resources in the distribution system, but most of the discussions surrounding this topic is at the conceptual level. In this work, it is demonstrated that distribution markets are effective in integrating microgrids and distributed resources in the electricity markets, and an analytical model is presented for design and operation of such markets.
Sharing tacit business knowledge between founder and successor in family business: case studies in Vietnam

The purposes of this study are to explore in detail the tacit business knowledge transfer process and the effective transfer method from founder to successor in Vietnamese family businesses. This study, using separate interviews of paired founders and successors in five Vietnamese family businesses, aims to contribute to the general understanding of such processes in South East Asian family businesses. This study confirms that the tacit business knowledge transfer process is an on-going process until the founder is unable to continue due to physical or mental health preventing further communication. In addition, it indicates that the mentor-mentee method is the most common method for tacit knowledge transfer process. Storytelling is also a common process; unlike traditional Western SMEs, use of formal documentation tends to be far less prevalent as a way of transferring knowledge. The findings of this study show that not all of tacit business knowledge from the founder is important to the successor. Therefore, a successor needs time spent alone to contemplate each tacit business lesson, before determining whether to absorb it.
Measuring Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality : The Case of Croatia

Changing dominant goals in the society development, from the food production in agricultural society and goods production in the industrial society to service production in information society, leads to the changes in critical factors from the land and capital to a human. Information society for service production encompasses participation of "all" – providers and users joint by the common purposes, measurable goals, optimally used resources and flexible structures. Since we are involved in the globalization process through market, where we are positioned quite low on the global scale of competitiveness, the identity of personal and national corpus can be expressed more qualitatively with the new public sector positioning, creating the "administration at its service to users". Since the service production in the companies of public interest, institutions and profit orientated companies is characterized by immateriality, i.e. intangibility, inseparability, quality inconstancy, impossibility of storing and transience, there is a problem of the quantification and management of service quality. Imperative but challenging job is to create instruments for measuring the service quality in, for example, education, health, culture and tourism, establishing them upon the relation between user's expectation and perception of received service quality. The research’ s hypothesis is that, between the expected and obtained service, there is a gap between dimensions of reliability, trust, tangibility, complaisance and identification of service provider with the service user. The aims of the present research are to: (1) assess the students perceptions of service quality at the Faculty of Law in Osijek, Croatia, (2) test the reliability of an modified SERVPERF scale (named UNIQUAL), (3) establish the number of dimensions of service quality in law management higher education, (4) determine which dimensions is the best predictor of the overall service quality in Croatian law higher education.
Potential Role of PET/MRI for Imaging Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Head and Neck Cancer.

OBJECTIVE This article explores recent developments in PET and MRI, separately or combined, for assessing metastatic lymph nodes in patients with head and neck cancer. CONCLUSION The synergistic role of PET and MRI for imaging metastatic lymph nodes has not been fully explored. To facilitate the understanding of the areas that need further investigation, we discuss potential mechanisms and evidence reported so far, as well as future directions and challenges for continued development and clinical research.
Power and energy reference system, applying dual-channel sampling

In the Power and Energy Laboratory of INMETRO, a fully automated reference system was developed for the high-precision calibration of wattmeters and watt-hour meters as well as that of energy and power calibrators at power line frequencies. Calibration is fully traceable to national standards; accuracy allows the calibration of even the most advanced commercialized standard instruments. This paper gives an account of the theoretical and practical details of the project.
Detection of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Cadaver Organ Donors: Evidence for Low Transmission of Disease

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and HCV RNA among cadaver organ donors and to correlate these results with donor liver histologic abnormalities and evidence for transmission of disease through organ transplantation. DESIGN Retrospective testing of stored serum samples from cadaver organ donors for anti-HCV and HCV RNA. SETTING Transplantation service of the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center and other cooperative medical centers furnishing follow-up data. SUBJECTS Of 1096 cadaver organ donors harvested between 1 January 1979 and 28 February 1991, 484 had stored serum samples available for analysis. Recipients of organs from recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA)-positive donors for whom adequate follow-up was available were also included in the analysis. MEASUREMENTS Samples were tested for anti-HCV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Confirmatory testing was done using a second-generation RIBA. Hepatitis C viral RNA was detected in serum using the polymerase chain reaction. Liver biopsies were obtained from the organ donor and interpreted blindly by a pathologist unaware of the clinical data. Liver chemistry profiles and serum sample analysis for HCV RNA were done for transplant recipients. RESULTS From the 484 cadaver organ donors, 89 samples (18%; 95% Cl, 15% to 21%) were reactive by ELISA. Of these, 33 (6.8%; Cl, 4.6% to 9%) were RIBA seropositive. Hepatitis C viral RNA sequences were detected in 50% of the RIBA-positive serum samples tested. Liver tissue was available from 24 of the 33 RIBA-positive donors and showed chronic active hepatitis in 16, chronic persistent hepatitis in 2, and no abnormality in 6. Among the 46 recipients of a kidney from a RIBA-positive donor, 13 (28%; Cl, 15% to 41%) developed post-transplant liver disease, of which only 4 cases were highly suggestive of viral transmission from the donor. Little morbidity and no mortality could be attributed to liver disease in this cohort of recipients. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that HCV transmission by organ transplantation is low and that the consequences of infection are small. If the medical condition of the potential recipient is so serious that other options no longer exist, the use of an organ from an anti-HCV-seropositive donor should be considered.
On the exact complexity of string matching

The maximal number of character comparisons made by a linear-time string matching algorithm, given a text string of length n and a pattern string of length m over a general alphabet, is investigated. The number is denoted by c(n,m) or approximated by (1+C)n, where C is a universal constant. The subscript 'online' is added when attention is restricted to online algorithms, and the superscript '1' is added when algorithms that find only one occurrence of the pattern in the text are considered. It is well known that n<or=c(n,m)<or=2n-m+1 or 0<or=C<or=1. These bounds are improved, and C/sub online/ is determined exactly. <<ETX>>
Overview of post marketing aggregate reports and global regulatory requirements

Pharmacovigilance is the science that deals with the activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of ADRs. The scope of pharmacovigilance has evolved over time. We now recognize the importance of a systematic approach for monitoring and improving the safe use of medicines. At the level of individual case safety reports, it is not possible for marketing authorization holders (MAH) to evaluate benefit/risk ratio profile and understand the detailed safety feature of a medicinal product. In addition to submission of individual case safety reports MAH also review periodically, cumulative safety information attained from various sources and submit the findings as aggregate reports to drug regulators. Aggregate reporting is a vital tool to study benefit/risk balance of a medicinal product throughout the product’s life cycle. The timelines, frequency and exact type of aggregate report required to be submitted for the approved product varies globally amongst various drug regulatory agencies. In this review the significance, background, objectives, scope, structural components, timelines for regulatory submissions of post marketing aggregate reports viz. PSUR, PBRER, and PADER have been discussed.
A reanalysis of spinal motion during vibration.

Calibrated film of the motion of the lumbar spine during vibration was reanalysed, making use of a number of computer based techniques to improve accuracy and reduce measurement noise. The results demonstrated resonant behaviour at about 4 Hz and indicated that at vibration levels of the order of 1 m/s2 there exists bending of the order of 1° (peak to peak) between adjacent vertebrae in the lumbar spine. The bending is complex and involves phase differences along the spine and possibly a rocking motion of the pelvis.