Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Example-Based Treebank Querying

The recent construction of large linguistic treebanks for spoken and written Dutch (e.g. CGN, LASSY, Alpino) has created new and exciting opportunities for the empirical investigation of Dutch syntax and semantics. However, the exploitation of those treebanks requires knowledge of specific data structures and query languages such as XPath. Linguists who are unfamiliar with formal languages are often reluctant towards learning such a language. In order to make treebank querying more attractive for non-technical users we developed GrETEL (Greedy Extraction of Trees for Empirical Linguistics), a query engine in which linguists can use natural language examples as a starting point for searching the Lassy treebank without knowledge about tree representations nor formal query languages. By allowing linguists to search for similar constructions as the example they provide, we hope to bridge the gap between traditional and computational linguistics. Two case studies are conducted to provide a concrete demonstration of the tool. The architecture of the tool is optimised for searching the LASSY treebank, but the approach can be adapted to other treebank lay-outs.
Genetic control and properties of coli surface antigens of colonization factor antigen IV (PCF8775) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli producing coli surface antigen 4 (CS4), CS5, and CS6 of colonization factor antigen IV were examined. This factor was originally called putative colonization factor 8775 (PCF8775). All of the coli surface antigens were plasmid coded and were usually carried on the same plasmid as the genes coding for heat-stable toxin (ST) or heat-labile toxin (LT); thus, CS5-CS6-ST, CS6-ST, and CS6-LT plasmids were found. In strains of serotype O25:H42, the genes coding for CS4 and CS6 were on a plasmid separate from that containing the genes coding for ST and LT. CS4 and CS5 were fimbrial antigens with a subunit molecular mass of about 17.0 and 21.0 kilodaltons (kDa), respectively. CS6 was found as a single polypeptide with a molecular mass of about 14.5 kDa in strains of serotypes O25:H42, O27:H7, and O27:H20 when heated extracts were run on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. CS6-positive extracts of strains of serogroups O148, O159, and O167 showed two bands with molecular masses between 14.5 and 16.0 kDa.
SMART in TREC 8

This year was a light year for the Smart Information Retrieval Project at SabIR Research and Cornell. We oÆcially participated in only the Ad-hoc Task and the Query Track. In the Ad-hoc Task, we made minor modi(cid:12)cations to our document weighting schemes to emphasize high-precision searches on shorter queries. This proved only mildly successful; the top relevant document was retrieved higher
Early Changes of Tissue Perfusion After Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Hyperacute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— It is hypothesized that tissue plasminogen activator rescues brain tissue by improving perfusion. In this study, we aimed to examine acute regional perfusion changes and how they influence infarction and clinical outcome. Methods— Three sequential MR scans were performed in 15 tissue plasminogen activator-treated patients within 3.5 (tp1), at 6 hours (tp2), and at 1 month (tp3) after stroke onset. “Hypoperfusion” was defined if mean transit time prolongation was more than a threshold (4 thresholds: 3, 4, 5, and 6 seconds). Four regions of interest were classified: (1) “reperfusion”—hypoperfused at tp1, normal at tp2; (2) “nonreperfusion”—hypoperfused at tp1 and tp2; (3) “normal perfusion”—normal at tp1 and tp2; and (4) “new hypoperfusion”—normal at tp1 and hypoperfused at tp2. Risk of infarction was calculated within each region of interest. Associations between tissue perfusion changes and clinical variables were evaluated using stepwise multiple linear regressions. Moreover, the association between National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale changes and perfusion alterations was assessed using linear mixed effect models. Results— Regardless of the mean transit time threshold chosen, the risk of infarction in nonreperfused regions (40% to 68%, thresholds 3 to 6 seconds) was higher than reperfused regions (9% to 30%, P<0.05), and it was higher in new hypoperfusion regions (9% to 33%) than normal perfusion regions (3% to 4%, P<0.05). Volume of new hypoperfusion was significantly associated with onset-to-treatment time and initial hypoperfused volume. Overall relative reperfusion was significantly associated with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale improvement. Conclusion— Early tissue perfusion changes influenced final tissue fate. The development of new hypoperfusion may result from delay in tissue plasminogen activator and a large initial lesion.
DYNAMICS OF ELASTIC EXCITABLE MEDIA JULYAN

The Burridge–Knopoff model of earthquake faults with viscous friction is equivalent to a van der Pol– FitzHugh–Nagumo model for excitable media with elastic coupling. The lubricated creep–slip friction law we use in the Burridge–Knopoff model describes the frictional sliding dynamics of a range of real materials. Lowdimensional structures including synchronous oscillations and propagating fronts are dominant, in agreement with the results of laboratory friction experiments. Here we explore the dynamics of fronts in elastic excitable media.
Learning to Parse Second Language Consonant Clusters

Abstract In this article, a number of broad questions related to the acquisition of consonant clusters in a second language are investigated. Drawing on the structural relations and phonological principles of Government Phonology, it is argued that the behaviour of second language learners can be accounted for by a top-down, left-to-right phonological parser. Appealing to a model of cognitive architecture, it is demonstrated that one can account for the different behaviours of speakers of languages that share the trait of lacking tautosyllabic clusters (Korean and Finnish) when learning a language which allows such clusters (English). Properties of the LI segmental inventory and a licensing strength scale are proposed to explain why Finnish learners have less trouble than Korean learners when acquiring English clusters.
A service under change: current issues in policing in England and Wales

Anticipates that over the next few years the police service in England and Wales is likely to experience significant changes in organization and management. Appraises major inquiries and legislation made following the 1979 government election, e.g., the Audit Commission for Local Government in England and Wales 1982. Looks at the structure and control of the police service, the Police and Magistrates’ Court Act 1994, the review of core and ancillary policing tasks established by the Home Secretary in 1993, and the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994. Concludes that the relationship between local accountability and central government control is of particular importance. Expects to see greater control exerted by the Home Office and a move away from democracy toward centralized power.
“Still Stable after all This...?”: Temporal Comparison in Coping with Severe and Chronic Disease

Temporal comparison theory is used as a conceptual framework for studying coping with life-threatening illness. Propositions derived from this theory were investigated in a questionnaire study on cancer patients (N = 100). Results reveal high rates of perceived change in the majority of the life domains included in the study, suggesting that consistency could not be maintained in most patients. Furthermore, a disproportion of perceived positive and negative life changes emerged, the latter being more prominent. Change perceptions were related to gender, age, and time elapsed since diagnosis. The relationships between positive and negative change on one hand and adjustment indicators on the other indicated that negative change correlated significantly whereas positive change was not associated with adjustment to illness.
Gigabit rate packet pattern-matching using TCAM

In today's Internet, worms and viruses cause service disruptions with enormous economic impact. Current attack prevention mechanisms rely on end-user cooperation to install new system patches or upgrade security software, yielding slow reaction time. However, malicious attacks spread much faster than users can respond, making effective attack prevention difficult network-based mechanisms, by avoiding end-user coordination, can respond rapidly to new attacks. Such mechanisms require the network to inspect the packet payload at line rates to detect and filter those packets containing worm signatures. These signature sets are large (e.g., thousands) and complex. Software-only implementations are unlikely to meet the performance goals. Therefore, making a network-based scheme practical requires efficient algorithms suitable for hardware implementations. This work develops a ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) based multiple-pattern matching scheme. The scheme can handle complex patterns; such as arbitrarily long patterns, correlated patterns, and patterns with negation. For the ClamAv virus database with 1768 patterns whose sizes vary from 6 bytes to 2189 bytes, the proposed scheme can operate at a 2 Gbps rate with a 240 KB TCAM.
On the Performance of Low Density Parity Check Codes for Gaussian Interference Channels

In this paper, two-user Gaussian interference channel(GIC) is revisited with the objective of developing implementable (explicit) channel codes. Specifically, low density parity check (LDPC) codes are adopted for use over these channels, and their benefits are studied. Different scenarios on the level of interference are considered. In particular, for strong interference channel examples with binary phase shift keying (BPSK), it is demonstrated that rates better than those offered by single user codes with time sharing are achievable. Promising results are also observed with quadrature-shift-keying (QPSK). Under general interference a Han-Kobayashi coding based scheme is employed splitting the information into public and private parts, and utilizing appropriate iterative decoders at the receivers. Using QPSK modulation at the two transmitters, it is shown that rate points higher than those achievable by time sharing are obtained.
Bmp2 Deletion Causes an Amelogenesis Imperfecta Phenotype Via Regulating Enamel Gene Expression

Although Bmp2 is essential for tooth formation, the role of Bmp2 during enamel formation remains unknown in vivo. In this study, the role of Bmp2 in regulation of enamel formation was investigated by the Bmp2 conditional knock out (Bmp2 cKO) mice. Teeth of Bmp2 cKO mice displayed severe and profound phenotypes with asymmetric and misshaped incisors as well as abrasion of incisors and molars. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the enamel layer was hypoplastic and enamel lacked a typical prismatic pattern. Teeth from null mice were much more brittle as tested by shear and compressive moduli. Expression of enamel matrix protein genes, amelogenin, enamelin, and enamel‐processing proteases, Mmp‐20 and Klk4 was reduced in the Bmp2 cKO teeth as reflected in a reduced enamel formation. Exogenous Bmp2 up‐regulated those gene expressions in mouse enamel organ epithelial cells. This result for the first time indicates Bmp2 signaling is essential for proper enamel development and mineralization in vivo. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 1871–1882, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modulation of perception and neurophysiological correlates of brief CO2 laser stimuli in humans using concurrent large fiber stimulation

It has been postulated that peripheral large fiber stimulation could modulate pain perception, probably by gating the input from Aδ- and C-fibers. The present study examined the effects of concurrent large fiber stimulation on the perception and neurophysiological correlates of brief CO2 laser stimuli known to activate Aδ- and C-nociceptor endings selectively. Four test stimuli of brief non-painful and painful CO2 laser pulses (duration 50 ms; diameter 5 mm; intensity range 0.116-0.212 J) were delivered at random every 5-10 s on the dorsum of the left forearm of ten healthy subjects. Large fiber stimulation was performed by a dynamic soft brush applied either adjacently to test stimuli (segmental brush condition) or on the dorsum of the contra-lateral foot (extrasegmental brush condition). Perception, reaction time (RT) and laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) were examined for conditions with brush and without brush (control condition). The signal detection theory (SDT) was used to evaluate the discrimination performance and the decision criterion. During extrasegmental brushing, these variables were unaffected as compared with control conditions. During segmental brushing, the absolute detection threshold increased, the probability of detection decreased and the RT increased. Interestingly, the stimulus-response curve of detected stimuli and late LEPs did not change significantly. SDT analysis showed that segmental brushing did not change the discrimination performance or sensitivity but increased significantly the subject's decision criterion for reporting sensation. It was concluded that segmental brushing acted primarily at supra-spinal levels and not by gating the input from small primary afferents activated selectively by brief CO2 laser stimuli.
Nonverbal Behavior, Dominance, and the Basis of Status in Task Groups

Linking nonverbal behavior to influence in task groups has been interpreted as evidence that behavioral dominance is the basis of status. Challenging this interpretation, this paper proposes that both the power processes that underlie status formation and the structural implications of dominance hierarchies indicate that expectations about task performance will be the usual basis of status in task groups. Furthermore, while some nonverbal behavior communicates dominance, it is not linked to influence. Influence results from nonverbal task cues that affect the performance expectations of an actor. An experiment tested this hypothesis by measuring the influence achieved by a female confederate in a three-person female group. As expected, the confederate was most influential when she displayed high-level task cues. When she displayed a high level of dominance cues, the confederate was not more influential than when she displayed submissive or low-task cues. The results suggest that status is a collective product of the entire network of group members, rather than an aggregate of pairwise competitions among members.
This is the Remix : Structural Improvisation using Automated Pattern Discovery

The remix is pervasive in modern culture. Popularized in contemporary art by early hip-hop, it traces its roots back to both Dadaism and, later, the cut-ups of William S. Burroughs [1]. The basic approach is well understood: Take pre-existing material, then subtract, add, and adjust until something novel and engaging emerges. The remixer becomes a mash-up unto themselves: part sculptor, part curator, part engineer.
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF VOLATILITY COMPONENT MODELS

Volatility component models have received considerable attention recently, not only because of their ability to capture complex dynamics via a parsimonious parameter structure, but also because it is believed that they can handle well structural breaks or nonstationarities in asset price volatility. This paper revisits component volatility models from a statistical perspective and attempts to explore the stationarity of the underlying processes. There is a clear need for such an analysis, since any discussion about nonstationarity presumes we know when component models are stationary. As it turns out, this is not the case and the purpose of the paper is to rectify this. We also look into the sampling behavior of the maximum likelihood estimates of recently proposed volatility component models and establish their consistency and asymptotic normality.
Providing Competency Training to Clinical Supervisors Through an Interactional Supervision Approach

Training in supervisory competencies is essential to effective clinical practice and helps address the current national crisis in the behavioral health workforce. Interactional supervision, the approach used in the current study, is well established in clinical social work and focuses the task of the supervisee on the interpersonal exchanges encountered in clinical practice. This study examines the feasibility of supervisory competency training and associated gains in competencies among 81 clinical supervisors. Three types of competencies are assessed before and after training and at a 3-month follow-up—managing supervisory relationships, managing job performance, and promoting professional development. The results show that competency training is a feasible and potentially effective approach and is associated with supervisor satisfaction and stress management. The training employed is compatible with skills-based and intervention-specific supervisor training common among evidence-based treatments and is appropriate for use with clinical social workers, counseling and clinical psychologists, and psychiatric nurses.
Learning-to-Translate Based on the S-SSTC Annotation Schema

We present the S-SSTC framework for machine translation (MT), introduced in 2002 and developed since as a set of working MT systems (SiSTeC-ebmt). Our approach is example-based, but differs from other EBMT approaches in that it uses alignments of string-tree alignments, and in that supervised learning is an integral part of the approach. Our model directly deals with three main difficulties in the traditional treatment of MT that stem from its separation from the "translation task" (the 'world'). First, by allowing the system to learn from real translation examples directly, we avoid the need to indefinitely pursue the elusive goal of writing grammars to exactly describe intermediate syntacticosemantic monolingual representations and their correspondences. Second, we make explicit the dependence of the MT system performance on the input from the environment. That is possible only because the learning process uses feedback from the real translation knowledge when constructing its knowledge representation. Third, such MT systems using an inductively learned knowledge base yield a desirable non-regressive behavior by using translation mistakes to improve their knowledge base.
Multicomponent pattern and biological activities of seven Asphodeline taxa: potential sources of natural-functional ingredients for bioactive formulations

Abstract The current study was carried out to evaluate multicomponent pattern, biological and enzymatic activities of seven Asphodeline taxa root extracts as useful ingredients, due to the fact that these plants are commonly used as traditional food supplements in Turkish regions. The extracts were characterized for free anthraquinones and phenolics to obtain a specific chemical fingerprint useful for quality control. These analyzes were coupled to biological and enzymatic activities in order to obtain comprehensive information of the natural product. Free anthraquinones and phenolics were determined using validated HPLC-PDA methods. Antioxidant properties were determined by different procedures including free radical scavenging, reducing power, phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating assays. Ames assay was performed to evaluate mutagenic/antimutagenic properties. Enzyme inhibitory activities were tested against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. From the herein reported results, Asphodeline could be valuable for the production of bioactive products or food supplements for cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
Belgian experience with FilterWire EX in the prevention of embolic events during carotid stenting.

PURPOSE To evaluate the performance of the FilterWire EX for the capture and removal of debris and prevention of embolic events during endovascular carotid interventions. METHODS In the period from October 2001 to May 2002, 100 patients (60 men; mean age 72 years, range 48-90), 69 symptomatic with >or=50% internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and 31 asymptomatic with >or=70% stenosis were scheduled for carotid stenting with cerebral protection provided by the FilterWire EX system. Satisfactory performance of the filter was defined as effectiveness in preventing intraprocedural embolic events shown by visible debris in the filter and unchanged neurological status assessed by an independent neurologist. RESULTS The placement and retrieval of the FilterWire EX was technically successful in 93 of 100 patients. Five delivery failures were due to severe ICA angulation; one stenosis was underestimated on preprocedural imaging, and one case was aborted following a major stroke during sheath manipulation before filter introduction. In 56.9% of the protected cases, the filter contained debris. One neurological event occurred 6 hours after the procedure: a transient ischemic attack from which the patient recovered fully after 2 hours. No other procedure-related events were recorded within 30 days of the procedure. The procedural success among the 93 patients stented under FilterWire EX protection was 98% (92% by intention to treat). CONCLUSION The FilterWire EX appears to be an effective tool in the prevention of embolic events and in preserving neurological status during endovascular treatment of carotid artery stenosis.
Averaged modeling of PWM converters operating in discontinuous conduction mode

Various aspects of averaged modeling of hard-switching pulse-width modulated (PWM) converters operating in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) are studied. A more streamlined modeling procedure is proposed which serves as a general framework for comparing different models. A duty ratio constraint that defines the diode conduction interval is identified to be the key to accurate prediction of high-frequency behavior. A new duty-ratio constraint is proposed that leads to full-order averaged models of DCM converters. Numerical analyses and experimental measurements confirm that the new models correctly predict the small-signal responses up to one third of the switching frequency and are more accurate than all previous models. Moreover, new analytical results are included to show the origin of the high-frequency pole in DCM operation and to explain why the full-order model is capable of accurately predicting it. Averaged circuit counterparts of the new models are developed in the form of averaged switch models to facilitate circuit simulation.
Tool for Semiautomatic Labeling of Moving Objects in Video Sequences: TSLAB

An advanced and user-friendly tool for fast labeling of moving objects captured with surveillance sensors is proposed, which is available to the public. This tool allows the creation of three kinds of labels: moving objects, shadows and occlusions. These labels are created at both the pixel level and object level, which makes them suitable to assess the quality of both moving object detection strategies and tracking algorithms. The labeling can be performed easily and quickly thanks to a very friendly graphical user interface that allows one to automatize many common operations. This interface also includes some semiautomatic advanced tools that simplify the labeling tasks and drastically reduce the time required to obtain high-quality results.