Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Impact of the Analytical Specificity of the Hybrid Capture 2 Test: Data from the New Technologies for Cervical Cancer (NTCC) Study

ABSTRACT The Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) test targets 13 human papillomavirus (HPV) types. Here, cross-reactivity with non-HC2-targeted HPV types is described. We aimed to define the proportion of HC2-positive women who had negative results with HC2-targeted HPV types and estimate its determinants and impact on women's health management. The New Technologies for Cervical Cancer (NTCC) trial was followed in two predetermined phases. Women in the experimental arm were tested for the presence of HPV DNA by HC2 following a sample collection in PreservCyt (first phase) or Digene specimen transport medium (STM) (second phase). HPV genotyping was performed on DNA samples from HC2-positive women by PCR with GP5+/GP6+ primers and reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization. Untyped samples were submitted to direct sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism. Multivariate logistic regression analysis estimated the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) between the presence of HC2-targeted types and age, viral load, and type of transport medium. Out of 2,920 HC2-positive samples, 2,310 (79.1%) were positive on RLB for HC2-targeted types, 396 were positive (13.6%) for only non-HC2-targeted types (mostly represented by HPV-53, HPV-66, and HPV-70), and in 214 (7.33%) samples, no HPV types were detected. The probability of detecting HC2-targeted types increased with increasing viral load expressed as the relative light unit/positive-control specimen ratio (RLU/PC) (OR for unitary increase of log RLU/PC, 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30 to 1.42) and with STM versus PreservCyt (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.84). If only the samples containing HC2-targeted types tested positive, the positive predictive value (PPV) would have increased from 7.0% (95% CI, 6.1% to 8.0%) to 8.4% (95% CI, 7.3 to 9.6), although 4.9% (95% CI, 2.4% to 8.8%) of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CIN2+) cases would have been missed. In conclusion, STM use and an increased cutoff would reduce the HC2 analytical false-positive rate and increase the positive predictive value for high-grade CIN. The gain in clinical sensitivity by detecting non-HC2-targeted HPV types is limited.
A hierarchical architecture with feature selection for audio segmentation in a broadcast news domain

This work presents a hierarchical HMM-based audio se gmentation system with feature selection designed for the Albayzin 2010 Evaluations. We propose an architecture that combines the outputs of individual binary detectors which were trained with a specific class-dependent feature set adapted to the characteristics of each class. A fast one-pass-training wrapper-based technique was used to perform a feature selection and an improvement in average accuracy with respect to using the whole set of features is reported. Index Terms: audio segmentation, broadcast news, international evaluations
Oceanic Freshwater Budget and Transport as Derived from Satellite Radiometric Data

Abstract Blended satellite–ship evaporation and SSM/I retrieved precipitation fields are used to compute oceanic freshwater budget (FWB) and transport (FWT) over a 3-year period (1988–90). In order to validate the results, comparisons on monthly, seasonal, and multiyear average bases are performed with ECMWF analyzed field and climatology respectively. For May 1988, differences between ECMWF output and the present monthly estimate are within 2 mm day−1 (73 cm yr−1). Comparison with climatology shows that global discrepancies for long-term average drop down to 36 cm yr−1 rms with a tendency for satellite-derived results to enhance climatological features. Differences are found to correlate with FWB patterns: large positive differences are observed in strong evaporative regions (eastern tropical Pacific), whereas negative differences are observed over the eastern part of the intertropical convergence zone and the northwestern part of the subtropical basins. Over the latter, precipitation is strongly dominan.
Entrepreneurial Opportunities for All?

This paper considers the freedom of each and every one of us to choose to pursue entrepreneurial opportunities – that is, to practise entrepreneurship – should we wish to do so. Drawing on the Capabilities Approach, a novel conceptualization of entrepreneurial capability is put forward as the individual freedom to pursue an entrepreneurial opportunity within one's environment. In shifting analytical attention away from empirical cases of entrepreneurs (that is, those identified post hoc with successfully pursuing an entrepreneurial opportunity) and exploring the potential (or otherwise) of any individual to pursue entrepreneurship in theory, we are forced to ask what is specific about entrepreneurial opportunities and whether they can be pursued by anyone. Our resulting conception of entrepreneurial capability introduces seven universal and necessary conditions for this distinctive type of freedom to be present. The significance of this conceptualization of entrepreneurial capability for entrepreneurship theory and economic and human development policy is discussed.
Robust multiscale algorithms for gradient‐based motion estimation

Gradient‐based techniques represent a very popular class of approaches to estimate motions. A robust multiscale algorithm of hierarchical estimation for gradient‐based motion estimation is proposed in this article using a combination of robust statistical method and multiscale technique. In such a multiscale approach of hierarchical estimation, motion at each level of the pyramid is estimated using different gradient filters. The iterative multiscale estimation begins by using five‐tap central filter, and it is switched to nine‐tap Timoner filter after a few iterations. In addition, robust M‐estimators are applied at each level of the pyramid to overcome the problem of the outliers caused by illumination variations and motion discontinuities in motion estimation. Experimental simulations show that the new algorithm not only provides an improvement in estimator accuracy, but also achieves computational speedups. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 333–340, 2007
Optimal rate and input format control for content and context adaptive streaming of sports videos

A novel dynamic programming based technique for optimal selection of input video format and compression rate for video streaming based on "relevancy" of the content and user context is presented. The technique uses context dependent content analysis to divide the input video into temporal segments. User selected relevance levels (weights) are refined by using audio information and assigned to these segments. The weights are used in formulating a constrained optimization problem, which is solved using dynamic programming. The technique minimizes a weighted distortion measure and the initial waiting time for continuous playback under maximum acceptable distortion constraints. Spatial resolution, frame rate and average audio volume of the temporal segments and the DCT quantization parameters are used as optimization variables.
Consumer Attitudes Towards Online Video Game Purchases

Much research has been carried out on online shopping and the implications of such a purchasing format for consumers and retailers. The majority of these studies have focused on consumer attitudes toward online shopping and how these can be useful predictors of online shopping adoption. Despite these insights from adoption theory, extant research has not yet distilled the most effective means of understanding consumers’ attitudes toward online video game purchases. This chapter aims to shed light on this issue by developing an integrative framework to examine how the advent of Internet technologies affects consumers’ attitudes toward video games.
Nudge Your Customers Toward Better Choices

When car rental agencies include insurance unless you specifically decline it, or software vendors recommend that you click "next" for a quick install, they're choosing default options for you-covertly or overtly guiding your choices. Well-designed product or service defaults benefit both company and consumer by simplifying decision making, enhancing customer satisfaction, reducing risk, and driving profitable purchases. Ill-conceived defaults (or, simply, defaults no one thought much about) can leave money on the table, fuel consumer backlashes, put customers at risk, and trigger lawsuits-costing companies dearly.
Multidimensional Parameters Estimation of Array Signal Based on Steering Vector

This paper exploits rotation invariance of matrix pencil based on two parallel uniform linear polarization sensitive arrays, and eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors of the matrix pencil are the rotation matrix and time-space-polarization steering vector of the subarray, respectively. The eigenvalues and steering vector can be used to estimate frequency, two-dimensional angles and polarization of incident signal simultaneously without spectral search. This method is of virtual array element and comparatively high resolution. Moreover this method is equal to multi-dimensional ESPRIT that matrix pencils share the same common set of eigenvectors, and two methods exploit the same information such as eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix pencil. The simulation results verify and analyse the performances of two methods
Tonsillectomy Bleed Rates across the CHEER Practice Research Network

Objectives (1) Compare postoperative bleeding in the CHEER network (Creating Healthcare Excellence through Education and Research) among age groups, diagnoses, and practice types. (2) Report the incidence of bleeding by individual CHEER practice site based on practice guidelines. Study Design Retrospective data collection database review of the CHEER network based on ICD-9 and CPT codes related to tonsillectomy patients. Setting Multisite practice–based network. Subjects and Methods A total of 8347 subjects underwent tonsillectomy as determined by procedure code within the retrospective data collection database, and 107 had postoperative hemorrhage. These subjects had demographic information and related diagnoses based on the CPT and ICD-9 codes collected. Postoperative ICD-9 and CPT codes were used to identify patients who also had postoperative bleed. Variables included age (<12 vs ≥12 years), diagnoses (infectious vs noninfectious), and practice type (community vs academic). Statistical analysis included multivariate logistic regression variables predictive of postoperative bleeding, with P < . 05 considered significant. Results Thirteen sites contributed data to the study (7 academic, 6 community). There was postoperative bleeding for an overall bleed rate of 1.3%. Patients ≥12 years old had a significantly increased bleed rate when compared with the younger group (odds ratio, 5.98; 95% confidence interval: 3.79-9.44; P < .0001). There was no significant difference in bleed rates when practices or diagnoses were compared. Conclusion A site descriptor database built to expedite clinical research can be used for practice assessment and quality improvement. These data were also useful to identify patient risk factors for posttonsillectomy bleed.
Monoterpene Synthases from Grand Fir (Abies grandis)

Grand fir (Abies grandis) has been developed as a model system for studying defensive oleoresin formation in conifers in response to insect attack or other injury. The turpentine fraction of the oleoresin is a complex mixture of monoterpene (C10) olefins in which (−)-limonene and (−)-α- and (−)-β-pinene are prominent components; (−)-limonene and (−)-pinene synthase activities are also induced upon stem wounding. A similarity based cloning strategy yielded three new cDNA species from a wounded stem cDNA library that appeared to encode three distinct monoterpene synthases. After expression inEscherichia coli and enzyme assay with geranyl diphosphate as substrate, subsequent analysis of the terpene products by chiral phase gas chromatography and mass spectrometry showed that these sequences encoded a (−)-limonene synthase, a myrcene synthase, and a (−)-pinene synthase that produces both α-pinene and β-pinene. In properties and reaction stereochemistry, the recombinant enzymes resemble the corresponding native monoterpene synthases of wound-induced grand fir stem. The deduced amino acid sequences indicated the limonene synthase to be 637 residues in length (73.5 kDa), the myrcene synthase to be 627 residues in length (72.5 kDa), and the pinene synthase to be 628 residues in length (71.5 kDa); all of these monoterpene synthases appear to be translated as preproteins bearing an amino-terminal plastid targeting sequence. Sequence comparison revealed that these monoterpene synthases from grand fir resemble sesquiterpene (C15) synthases and diterpene (C20) synthases from conifers more closely than other monoterpene synthases from angiosperm species. This similarity between extant monoterpene, sesquiterpene, and diterpene synthases of gymnosperms is surprising since functional diversification of this enzyme class is assumed to have occurred over 300 million years ago. Wound-induced accumulation of transcripts for monoterpene synthases was demonstrated by RNA blot hybridization using probes derived from the three monoterpene synthase cDNAs. The availability of cDNA species encoding these monoterpene synthases will allow an understanding of the regulation of oleoresin formation in conifers and will ultimately permit the transgenic manipulation of this defensive secretion to enhance resistance to insects. These cDNAs also furnish tools for defining structure-function relationships in this group of catalysts that generate acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic olefin products.
Rozwój standardów zarządzania ryzykiem w transporcie drogowym

Risk management in road transport is a complex of problems associated with reducing loss of life and economic losses. Entities managing road waiting for the guidelines for optimal management, and also integrated. It is therefore of great importance to develop such risk management standards that can be used in road transport, however, considered as a component a larger transportation systems. The article presents the development of risk management standards in technology, with particular emphasis on the two leading current management standards, which are used in the management of road transport safety.
Fully automated chemiluminometric assay for hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (invasive trophoblast antigen).

Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (HhCG) is a glycoprotein hormone secreted during embryonic implantation and trophoblast invasion of the uterine wall and is an early marker of pregnancy (1). Relative to hCG, HhCG has a higher molecular mass (38.5–40 kDa, depending on the amount of carbohydrate) and a higher number of asparagine (N)-linked triantennary carbohydrates and serine (O)-linked tetrasaccharide core structures in the β-subunit (2). Although both are secreted from the placenta and choriocarcinoma, HhCG is produced by mononucleated cytotrophoblasts, and hCG is produced by syncytiotrophoblast cells (3)(4)(5)(6). Because the cytotrophoblasts are primitive and invasive in nature, HhCG is also called invasive trophoblast antigen (ITA) (5). Birken et al. (7) described a monoclonal antibody (B152) specific for the β-subunit C-terminal peptide and the O-linked oligosaccharide of HhCG. Although the epitope for this antibody does not require sialic acid, the presence of the O-linked tetrasaccharide core structure is essential (1). Using IRMAs and ELISAs, investigators showed that (a) HhCG rapidly increases in early pregnancy, attaining substantially higher concentrations and decreasing earlier than hCG (1)(8); (b) HhCG is increased in Down syndrome-affected pregnancies in both the first and second trimesters (9)(10)(11); and (c) the HhCG:hCG ratio appears to be higher in those with invasive vs noninvasive trophoblastic disease (12). The above HhCG assays were performed manually using large sample volumes (200 μL) and long incubation …
Minimum-Length Scheduling for Multicast Traffic under Channel Uncertainty

We consider a set of multicast sources, each multicasting a finite amount of data to its corresponding destinations. The objective is to minimize the time to deliver all traffic, i.e., to obtain schedules of minimum length. We consider time-varying wireless networks with imperfect side information at the sources. We model the minimum-length scheduling problem through partially observable stochastic shortest paths and provide an optimal solution. Due to the high complexity of computing the optimal solution, we finally provide a set of heuristics and illustrate their performance through numerical experiments.
Integrated Reporting, Corporate Governance, and the Future of the Accounting Function

The marketplace is continuously evolving, and it is imperative for financial professionals to understand these trends and to be able to integrated these trends into business decision making. Corporate governance and stakeholder theory are increasingly important trends influencing both academic research and practitioner actions, and this increasing influence has generated two theories of particular importance to financial professionals. Integrated financial reporting, or integrated reporting, represents the culmination of several disparate trends in non-traditional reporting. Supported by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), this initiative requires accounting and financial professionals to think more holistically about financial performance. Strategic management accounting (SMA) represents this comprehensive view of financial performance that financial professionals must embrace to move forward with an increasingly complex business environment.
Analysis of Cache Configurations and Cache Hierarchies Incorporating Various Device Technologies over the Years

The objective of this paper was to evaluate fundamental metrics for selected studies’ cache configurations, observe trends in the cache configurations, and compare design approaches and device technologies. Metrics that were studied include read and write energy consumption, read latency, k-way setassociativity, and cache capacity. Trends were identified in regards to cache hierarchy, device technology, and k-way set-associativity. Over time, the amount of cache levels and sets for set associativity have increased in general. While SRAM was originally the predominant device technology, newer technologies such as STTRAM, ReRAM, eDRAM, and RRAP have replaced SRAM’s role in L2 and L3/LLC caches. The performances of different device technologies were compared by examining the read and write energy and the read latency. STT-RAM on average had the highest energy consumption. RRAP and eDRAM on average had the lowest read latency.
A Framework of Graduate Employment Recommendation System and Key Technologies

More and more websites have realized the importance of providing personalized recommendation by Recommendation System. As a supplement and improvement of Search Engine System, Recommendation System can be applied in the graduate employment websites to supply personalized employment guidance and recommendation to each graduate and improve the graduate employment service in China. In this paper, the main idea was to construct the framework and discuss the key technologies of Graduate Employment Recommendation System. Firstly, the graduate characteristic model, the recommendation model, and the recommendation rank and output model were discussed to construct the framework. Then, the key technologies such as graduate characteristic technologies, similarity algorithms, and neighbor selection mechanism were discussed to achieve the Graduate Employment Recommendation System. The experimental simulation result has shown that the recommendation system can be applied in graduate employment website and has a good performance.
Age related decreases in thermoregulation and cardiovascular function in horses.

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY Older horses have an increased risk of hyperthermia due to impaired cardiovascular function. While many studies have investigated thermoregulation in horses during exercise, none have investigated the effects of ageing. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that there is a difference in thermoregulation during exercise and plasma volume (PV) in young and old horses. METHODS Study 1: 6 young (Y, 7.7 ± 0.5 years) and 5 old (O, 26.0 ± 0.8 years) unfit Standardbred mares (507 ± 11 kg, mean ± s.e.) ran on a treadmill (6% grade, velocity calculated to generate a work rate of 1625 watts) until core temperature reached 40 °C. Core (CT), skin (ST), rectal temperature (RT) and heart rate (HR) were measured every min until 10 min post exertion. Packed cell volume (HCT), lactate (LA) and plasma protein (TP) were measured in blood samples collected before, at 40 °C and every 5 min until 10 min post exercise. Sweat loss was estimated using bodyweight. Study 2: Plasma volume was measured in 26 young (8.2 ± 0.7 years) and 8 old (26.6 ± 0.7 years) Standardbred mares (515 ± 12 kg) using Evans Blue dye. Pre-exercise blood (rBV) and red cell (rRCV) volumes were calculated using PV and HCT. Data analysis utilised repeated measures ANOVA and t tests and data are expressed as mean ± s.e. RESULTS Old horses reached 40 °C faster (998 ± 113 vs. 1925 ± 259 s; P < 0.05) with a greater HR at 40 °C (184 ± 6 vs. 140 ± 5 beats/min; P < 0.05) and greater sweat losses (P < 0.05). Heart rate did not differ (P > 0.05) post exercise. Age did not alter (P > 0.05) CT, ST, RT, LA, HCT or TP. Plasma volume was greater in Y vs. O horses (P < 0.05, 28.5 ± 1.4 vs. 24.1 ± 1.6 l) as was rBV (41.3 ± 2.0 vs. 35.3 ± 2.3 l) and rRCV (13.3 ± 0.6 vs. 11.1 ± 0.8 l). CONCLUSION Ageing compromises the ability to handle the combined demand of exercise and thermoregulation in part due to decreased absolute pre-exercise PV.
Sustainability, Social Media Driven Open Innovation, and New Product Development Performance*

Sustainability and social media use in open innovation play important roles in a firm's new product development (NPD) process. This research examines, in conjunction, the roles of sustainability and social media driven inbound open innovation (SMOI) for a firm's NPD performance, and further, takes a more refined approach by differentiating between different types of SMOI activities. To this end, this research develops and tests a conceptual framework, which predicts that (1) a firm's sustainability orientation (SO) is positively associated with its NPD performance, (2) customer focus (CF) partially mediates the SO–NPD performance link, and (3) particular SMOI activities moderate the CF–NPD performance link. The empirical results, using data from the Product Development and Management Association (PDMA)'s comparative performance assessment study, provide support for most of the framework. Notably, this research documents a positive link between SO and NPD performance, as well as a partial mediating role of CF. The results further suggest that social media driven open innovation activities focused on gathering market insights enhance CF directly, while social media driven open innovation activities that garner technical expertise enhance the link between CF and NPD performance. This paper bridges the separate literatures on sustainability and open innovation, and contributes to the NPD research. The findings suggest that managers should take a strategic approach to sustainability and embed it in the NPD process. Furthermore, managers should manage social media based open innovation carefully to fully benefit the firm during the front end and back end of NPD.