Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic structure of the star sea squirt, Botryllus schlosseri, introduced in southern European harbours

The introduction of new genetic variants or species is often caused by maritime transport between harbours. Botryllus schlosseri is a cosmopolitan ascidian species that is found in both harbours and open shore habitats. In order to determine the influence of ship traffic on the genetic structure and phylogeography of B. schlosseri in southern Europe, we analyzed the variability of a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). We sampled seven Atlanto‐Mediterranean harbour populations and three open‐shore populations. In addition, we sequenced some colonies from the US‐Atlantic coast and from other Mediterranean localities to perform phylogenetic analyses. Although the number of polymorphic sites recorded (25.8%) was within the range observed in other population studies based on ascidian COI sequences, the haplotypic diversity (16 haplotypes out of 181 sequences) was much lower. Moreover, a lack of intermediate haplotypes was observed. This pattern of high nucleotide diversity and low haplotype diversity was consistent with introduction events of a few divergent haplotypes. We found a strong genetic structure in the study populations. Gene flow was only appreciable between some harbour populations. Harbour‐ and open‐shore populations were well differentiated, although there was no evidence for isolation by distance. A nested clade analysis pointed to long‐distance colonization, possibly coupled with subsequent fragmentation, as the underlying process. Our results suggest that B. schlosseri entered the study area via harbour‐hopping, possibly through recurrent introduction events. The haplotypes from North America and most of the European ones were grouped in the same phylogenetic clade. This suggests occasional gene flow between both continents, probably through ship transport.
Structural Behaviour Benefits of a HybridSteel-bamboo Emergency House

According to the need of emergency houses all around the world, the development of a prototype (low cost and high strength structure) which could be placed anywhere becomes essential. This placement could be in susceptible areas to earthquakes, floods or armed conflicts. It has been studied the behaviour of a steel-bamboo hybrid structure compared with a steelaluminium hybrid one (in terms of strength). Finite elements software has been used to simulate both models. It has been obtained the maximum quantity of bamboo which can be placed in the prototype achieving the optimum design. As far as strength is concerned, steel-aluminium is better than steel-bamboo; even though, it exists minimum difference (9.16%), which is despicable considering the advantages of bamboo. When using bamboo as alternative material, displacement varies because of the density of the elements. The structural model becomes lighter and, according to that, it supposes an increase in the displacement (about 0.4 mm).
PENGARUH PEMASARAN MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP BRAND AWARENESS PADA PRODUK INTERNASIONAL (Survei Pada Komunitas Xiaomi Indonesia)

This research aims to identify and explain influence of social media marketing to brand awareness . The independent variables in this study are customer engagemen t (X 1 ), viral marketing (X 2 ), buzz marketing (X 3 ), peer influence (X 4 ), and online communities (X 5 ), to dependent variable which is Brand awareness (Y). this research is classified as in is explanatory research and used quantitative approach. Reasearch’s data got from 1 01 respondents. The data analysis used is multiple linier regression analysis . The research results indicate that social media marketing variables that have the most influence on brand awareness (Y) variables in this research is online communities (X 5 ) . Key word : Social media marketing, customer engagement, viral marketing, buzz marketing, peer influence, dan online communities, brand awareness АBSTRАK Penelitian memiliki beberapa variabel pemasaran media sosial yang akan berpengaruh atau berdampak seberapa besar dengan brand awareness sosial yang menarik untuk diketahui. Variabel independen yg dipunya adalah keterlibatan customer engagemen t (X 1 ), viral marketing (X 2 ), buzz marketing (X 3 ), peer influence (X 4 ), dan. online communities (X 5 ), terhadap variabel dependen brand awareness (Y). penelitian penjelasan (explanatory research) digunakan dalam penelitian didukung pendekatan kuantitatif. 101 jawaban responden telah diolah peneliti. Analisis regresi linier berganda digunakan dalam mengolah data. Hasil data yang diolah mengisyaratkan variabel pemasaran media sosial yang paling berpengaruh dalam penelitian ini terhadap variabel dependen yaitu brand awareness (Y) adalah komunitas online (X 5 ). Kata kunci : Pemasaran media sosial, customer engagement, viral marketing, buzz marketing, peer influence, dan online communities, brand awareness
Impacts of a Change from Dual Stream to Single Stream Recycling

Typically, a switch to single stream recycling is often accompanied by other programmatic or collection process changes such as adding more recyclable materials, moving to Pay-As-YouThrow, or automating collection. Here, all aspects of the Town waste program remained the same except for the mode of recyclables collection (although the definition of recyclable plastic containers was expanded from #1 and #2 plastics to all numbered plastics). Therefore, this case offers an opportunity to determine the effect of such a change on recycling absent other factors.
Lien entre modèles symboliques et computationnels pour les protocoles cryptographiques utilisant des hachages

Les protocoles cryptographiques sont utilises pour assurer des communications securisees sur des canaux non securises. Deux approches sont utilisees pour verifier ces protocoles. L'approche symbolique suppose que la cryptographie est parfaite. Ainsi, il est impossible de dechiffrer un message sans la clef adequate. Ce modele a permis le developpement d'outils automatiques pour la verification des protocoles cryptographiques. L'approche computationnelle, au contraire, s'interesse a la probabilite de "casser" les primitives cryptographiques. Ce modele est mal adapte aux me��thodes automatiques de part la difficulte des raisonnements sur les probabilites. Recemment, plusieurs travaux ont ete entrepris pour relier ces deux approches et ainsi profiter de leurs avantages respectifs: automatisation dans le modele symbolique et plus grand realisme du modele computationnel. Les travaux presentes dans cette these permettent de relier le modele symbolique au modele computationnel, dans le cas de protocoles utilisant des chiffrements asymetrique et symetrique, des signatures et des hachages. Nous montrons que tout ce qui peut se passer dans le modele computationnel, avec une probabilite non negligeable, peut egalement se passer dans le modele symbolique. Ainsi, les resultats des outils de verification automatiques dans le modele symboliques sont egalement valides dans le modele computationnel.
The role of manufacturing within industrial districts: proposing and testing an innovative methodology

The debate on how to reconcile the global and local perspectives on manufacturing activities in global value chains demands informative empirical evidence. By leveraging the global value chain framework, this chapter develops an original mapping methodology of manufacturing firms to be applied at the industrial district (ID) level, to capture both the within-district heterogeneity and the global propensity of the ID. The case of the textile and clothing district in Bergamo highlights the potential of the methodology, which relies on quantitative data and ad hoc indicators (i.e. uniqueness and variety of the production activities). The results provide insights on how companies in the district under analysis strive to find distinctive traits in their manufacturing capabilities that could enhance their competitiveness in the district and in the global value chain. The analysis is complemented by presenting two short cases of local lead firms, which appear to be key actors in the connection between the ID and the global
Changes in RNA expression pattern during the malignant progression of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus-induced tumors in rabbits

Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus induces strictly epithelial tumors in both cottontail and domestic rabbits. A high proportion of the initial benign papillomas progress within 8 to 14 months to invasive carcinomas. With the help of mRNA-specific riboprobes for E6, E7, E1, E2, L1 and L2, we investigated by in situ hybridization the RNA expression pattern of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus in tissue sections of biopsies from different stages of tumor development. Common features of all lesions were high levels of E6 and E7 mRNAs and low levels of E1 and E2 mRNAs. In agreement with earlier reports, there was no evidence for a major mRNA class equivalent to the prominent E1-E4 RNA of human papillomavirus types 6/11 and 16. In cottontail rabbit papillomas, high levels of E6 and E7 mRNAs were present in the upper differentiated epithelial layers. These layers also contained most of the E1 and E2 mRNAs and the viral DNA. In contrast, papillomas of domestic rabbits revealed the opposite differentiation-dependent expression pattern for the E6 and E7 mRNAs; there were strong signals in the basal layers, and these declined with increased differentiation. Transcripts encoding the L1 mRNA were detected only in a few isolated cells of the granular layer. There was no difference between the amounts of E6, E7, E1, and E2 mRNAs present in highly dysplastic tissue and those present in adjacent normal papillomatous epithelium within a progressing papilloma. However, late transcripts and viral DNA detectable only in the upper layers of the papilloma were present throughout the thickness of the dysplastic tissue, indicating a newly acquired permissiveness of the dysplastic cells for viral DNA replication and late transcription. Carcinomas in general had the same expression patterns for E6, E7, and E1 but were dissimilar in the levels of expression of E2 and late transcripts.
Simultaneous Multi-Person Detection and Single-Person Pose Estimation With a Single Heatmap Regression Network

We propose a two component fully-convolutional network for heatmap regression to perform multi-person pose estimation from images. The first component of the network predicts all body joints of all persons visible on an image, while the second component groups these body joints based on the position of the head of the person of interest. By applying the second component for all detected heads, the poses of all persons visible on an image are estimated. A subsequent geometric frame-by-frame tracker using distances of body joints tracks the poses of all detected persons throughout video sequences. Results on the PoseTrack challenge test set show good performance of our proposed method with a mean average precision (mAP) of 50.4 and a multiple object tracking accuracy (MOTA) of 29.9.
A Genetic Strategy for Single and Combinatorial Analysis of miRNA Function in Mammalian Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The regulatory role of micro‐RNAs (miRNAs) in hematopoietic development is increasingly appreciated. Reverse genetics strategies based on the targeted disruption of miRNAs offer a powerful tool to study miRNA functions in mammalian hematopoiesis. The miR‐144/451 cluster comprises two miRNAs coexpressed from a common precursor transcript in an erythroid‐specific manner. To decipher the contribution of each miRNA of the cluster in mammalian erythropoiesis, we developed a strategy for stable in vivo individual and combinatorial miRNA inhibition. We developed decoy target sequences for each miRNA expressed by lentiviral vectors marked with distinct fluorescent proteins and used them to probe the functions of miR‐144 and miR‐451 in the murine hematopoietic system in a competitive repopulation setting. Murine hematopoietic chimeras expressing lentiviral‐encoded inhibitory sequences specific for miR‐144 or miR‐451 exhibited markedly reduced Ter119+ erythroblast counts, with the combined knockdown showing additive effect. These chimeras showed abnormal patterns of erythroid differentiation primarily affecting the proerythroblast to basophilic erythroblast transition, coinciding with the stage where expression of the miRNA cluster is dramatically induced and posttranscriptional gene regulation becomes prominent. These results reveal a role for the miR‐144/451 locus in mammalian erythropoiesis and provide the first evidence of functional cooperativity between clustered miRNAs in the hematopoietic system. The strategy described herein will prove useful in functional miRNA studies in mammalian hematopoietic stem cells. STEM CELLS 2010;28:287–296
Don't cares in synthesis: theoretical pitfalls and practical solutions

The effective use of don't cares requires solving several theoretical and practical problems. The theoretical problems are caused by a need to have all tools in a methodology use a consistent semantics of don't cares, so as to guarantee correctness of the final implementation. Several common meanings of "don't care" will be considered, and their respective conditions for design correctness will be derived. The main theoretical result shows that in existing design languages, the following three desirable properties are mutually inconsistent: unrestricted use of non-Boolean values (e.g., X), implementing a large design one partition at a time, and assurance of correctness of the final implementation. A practical solution to this problem involves several issues: specifying don't cares in a language description, deriving them during high-level synthesis, and optimizing logic in their presence. Experimental results showing the impact of don't cares on logic quality are presented.
Assessing and Treating Risks in Mechanised NDT: A Human Factors Study

Reliability of NDT is affected by human factors, which have thus far received the least amount of attention in the reliability assessments. With increased use of automation, in terms of mechanised testing (automation-assisted inspection and the corresponding evaluation of data), higher reliability standards are believed to have been achieved. However, human inspectors, and thus human factors, still play an important role throughout this process and the risks involved in this application are unknown. The aim of this study was to explore for the first time the risks associated with mechanised NDT and find ways of mitigating their effects on the inspection performance. Hence, the objectives were to identify and Analyse potential risks in mechanised NDT and devise measures against them. To address those objectives, a risk assessment in form of a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was conducted. This analysis revealed potential for failure during both the acquisition and evaluation of NDT data that could be assigned to human, technology, and organisation. Since the existing preventive measures were judged to be insufficient to defend the system from identified failures, new preventive measures were suggested.
gltB gene and regulation of nitrogen metabolism by glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli

A mutant (gltB) of Escherichia coli lacking glutamate synthase (GOGAT) was unable to utilize a wide variety of compounds as sole nitrogen source (e.g., arginine, proline, gamma-aminobutyrate, and glycine). Among revertants of these Asm- strains selected on one of these compounds (e.g., arginine, proline, or gamma-aminobutyrate) were those that produce glutamine synthetase (GS) constitutively (GlnC phenotype). These revertants had a pleiotropically restored ability to grow on compounds that are metabolized to glutamate. This suggested that the expression of the genes responsible for the metabolism of these nitrogen sources was regulated by GS. An examination of the regulation of proline oxidase confirmed this hypothesis. The differential sensitivities of GlnC and wild-type strains to low concentrations (0.1 mM) of the glutamine analog L-methionine-DL-sulfoximine supported the conclusion that the synthesis of a glutamine permease was also positively controlled by GS. During the course of this study we found that the reported position of the locus (gltB) for glutamate synthase is incorrect. We have relocated this gene to be 44% linked to the argG locus by P1 transduction. Further mapping has shown that the locus previously called aspB is in reality the gltB locus and that the "suppressor" of the aspB mutation (A. M. Reiner, J. Bacteriol. 97:1431-1436, 1969) is the locus for glutamate dehydrogenase (gdhA).
Do peer firms affect corporate social responsibility policies?

This paper examines whether firms react to their peers' CSR actions by changing their firm's CSR practices. We show that one important corporate social responsibility (CSR) determinant is their peers' CSR. This effect is stronger in peer firms with lower free cash flows and a higher market-to-book value. Higher-compensated CEOs also have stronger tendency of CSR-mimicking behaviors. The CSR policies of smaller in market value, less profitable, younger firms with lower institutional ownership, smaller market share, and lower earnings growth are very sensitive to the CSR policies of their more successful counterparts.
Matrix-dependent Proteolysis of Surface Transglutaminase by Membrane-type Metalloproteinase Regulates Cancer Cell Adhesion and Locomotion*

Cell invasion requires cooperation between adhesion receptors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Membrane type (MT)-MMPs have been thought to be primarily involved in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. Our report presents evidence that MT-MMPs in addition to the breakdown of the extracellular matrix may be engaged in proteolysis of adhesion receptors on tumor cell surfaces. Overexpression of MT1-MMP by glioma and fibrosarcoma cells led to proteolytic degradation of cell surface tissue transglutaminase (tTG) at the leading edge of motile cancer cells. In agreement, structurally related MT1-MMP, MT2-MMP, and MT3-MMP but not evolutionary distant MT4-MMP efficiently degraded purified tTG in vitro. Because cell surface tTG represents a ubiquitously expressed, potent integrin-binding adhesion coreceptor involved in the binding of cells to fibronectin (Fn), the proteolytic degradation of tTG by MT1-MMP specifically suppressed cell adhesion and migration on Fn. Reciprocally, Fn in vitro and in cultured cells protected its surface receptor, tTG, from proteolysis by MT1-MMP, thereby supporting cell adhesion and locomotion. In contrast, the proteolytic degradation of tTG stimulated migration of cells on collagen matrices. Together, our observations suggest both an important coreceptor role for cell surface tTG and a novel regulatory function of membrane-anchored MMPs in cancer cell adhesion and locomotion. Proteolysis of adhesion proteins colocalized with MT-MMPs at discrete regions on the surface of migrating tumor cells might be controlled by composition of the surrounding ECM.
Examining the ParticipACTION brand using the brand equity pyramid

Purpose The brand equity pyramid is a theory that explains how people develop loyalty and an attachment to a brand. The purpose of this study is to test whether the predictions made by the theory hold when applied to the brand of ParticipACTION, a Canadian non-profit organization that promotes active living. A secondary objective was to test whether this theory predicted intentions to be more physically active. Design/methodology/approach A research agency conducted a cross-sectional, online brand health survey on behalf of ParticipACTION. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis established the factor structure. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model. Findings A nationally representative sample of Canadian adults (N = 1,191) completed the survey. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported a hypothesized five-factor brand equity framework (i.e. brand identity, brand meaning, brand responses, brand resonance and intentions). A series of structural equation models also provided support for the hypothesized relationships between the variables. Practical implications Though preliminary, the results provide a guide for understanding the branding process in the activity-promotion context. The constructs identified as being influential in this process can be targeted by activity-promotion organizations to improve brand strength. A strong organizational brand could augment activity-promotion interventions. A strong brand may also help the organization better compete against other brands promoting messages that are antithetical to their own. Originality/value This is the first study to test the brand equity pyramid using an activity-promotion brand. Results demonstrate that the brand equity pyramid may be useful in this context.
The Effects of Environmental Factors on Productivity in Sugar Industry: A Qualitative Study

: Due to global warming, the changing of climate and weather cannot be predicted and influence sugar production. The aim of this study is to explore whether environmental factors, such as climate, weather, and geography, influence productivity in Indonesia’s sugar industry. This study employed qualitative method. The research data were collected through in-depth interview and observation. The informants were 3 (three) top-level managers of sugar factory. The results showed that environmental factors do influence productivity. To overcome the constantly changing weather and climate, sugar factories have tried to make some innovations on its sugarcane seeds. Choosing the right location of sugarcane fields is also one of the alternative solutions.
Convex-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization with structure constraints

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is of great use in finding basis information of non-negative data. In this paper, a novel Convex-NMF (CNMF) method is presented, called Structure Constrained Convex-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (SCNMF). The idea of SCNMF is to extend the original Convex-NMF by incorporating the structure constraints into the Convex-NMF decomposition. The SCNMF seeks to extract the representation space that preserves the geometry structure. Finally, our experiment results are presented.
Consumer Brand Loyalty of Fast Fashion Brands of Young Consumers in Indonesia

The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the factors affecting consumer’s fast fashion brand loyalty by examining Indonesian college students’ perceptions and loyalty toward Fast Fashion Brands. The research model describes relationships between Consumer Based Brand Equity Dimensions towards Brand Loyalty. The hypothesis to this research was that consumer’s perceptions of Fast Fashion, including brand awareness, perceived quality, perceived value, brand personality, organizational associations, and brand uniqueness, affect consumer brand loyalty. Based on the results of 139 Indonesian college students in the Greater Area of Jakarta, using structural equation modeling, this study found that for Indonesian College Students, Brand Awareness, Perceived Value, Organizational Associations and Brand Uniqueness were factors that influenced their Brand Loyalty towards Fast Fashion Brands. Keywords—Fast fashion, brand loyalty, perception, fashion, Indonesia.