Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Higher order chromosome structure is affected by cold-sensitive mutations in a Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene crm1+ which encodes a 115- kD protein preferentially localized in the nucleus and its periphery

We isolated a novel class of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cold-sensitive mutants with deformed nuclear chromosome domains consisting of thread- or rodlike condensed segments at restrictive temperature. Their mutations were mapped in a novel, identical locus designated crm1 (chromosomal region maintenance). The crm1 mutants also show the following phenotypes. DNA, RNA, and protein syntheses diminish at restrictive temperature. At permissive temperature, the amount of one particular protein, p25, greatly increases. The mutant growth is hypersensitive to Ca2+ and resistant to protein kinase inhibitors. We cloned the 4.1-kb-long crm1+ gene that rescued the above phenotypes by transformation and determined its nucleotide sequence, which predicts a 1,077-residue protein. Affinity-purified antiserum raised against the crm1+ polypeptide expressed in Escherichia coli detected a 115-kD protein in S. pombe extracts. Genomic Southern hybridization and immunoblotting suggested that the crm1+ product might be highly conserved in distant organisms. Through immunofluorescence microscopy, the crm1+ protein appeared to be principally localized within the nucleus and also at its periphery. We speculate that the crm1+ protein might be one of those nuclear components that modify the chromosome structures or regulate the nuclear environment required for maintaining higher order chromosome structures.
Model Management Through Graph Transformation

Model management offers a higher level interface than current techniques for metadata management, and generic operators drastically reduce amount of programming for metadata applications. The interactive nature of generic model management operators inevitably demands an intuitive representation. This paper proposes a visual representation for model management operators based on graph transformation. Graph transformation formalisms, as the theoretic foundation of many visual programming languages, can formally represent model management operators by visual and intuitive expressions. By using graphical representations, users can easily comprehend and manipulate the operators and desired outputs
Is the Perfusion Index Useful in Early Detection of High Spinal Subarachnoid Block during Cesarean Section?

OBJECTIVE To investigate the usefulness of the perfusion index (PI) in the early detection of high spinal subarachnoid block (SAB) for cesarean section (CS). METHOD SAB was applied in patients of CS. The patients was subdivided into two groups, according to the highest level of block: the Ce group (cervical spine level) and the Th group (thoracic spine level). The PI values in the finger and toe, and vital signs were measured at pre- and post-SAB in both groups together with SAB level. RESULTS The PI valuses in the finger and toe were elevated post-SAB in both groups; it showed no significant difference between them. However, in the Ce group, anesthesia immediately reached the upper thoracic nerves, and blood pressure showed a significant decrease post-SAB. CONCLUSIONS Post-SAB finger PI value measuerments may not be useful for early detection of high SAB. Alternatively, the anesthesiologist should pay attention to immediate post-SAB changes in clinical signs such as a decrease in blood pressure as well as a rapid elevation of block level.
Genetic characteristic of class 1 integrons in proteus mirabilis isolates from urine samples

Background: Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen, commonly associated with complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs caused by multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis have increased worldwide. Multidrug-resistance of Gram-negative enteric bacteria is usually associated with class 1 integrons. Purposes: To investigate the prevalence and characterize gene cassettes of class 1 integrons in multidrug-resistant P. mirabilis Methods: From 2006 to 2008, 314 P. mirabilis isolates from urine were collected from a regional teaching hospital. Antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was determined by disk diffusion methods. The phenotypic confirmatory test of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was performed as described in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. The genetic organization of the class 1 integron cassettes was investigated by PCR, cloning, and sequencing of the regions surrounding these genes. Results: Seventy-nine (25%, 79/314) P. mirabilis isolates were ESBL-producing and most ESBL-producing P. mirabilis were positive for blaCTX-M. Class 1 integrons were presented in 76 isolates (24.2%, 76/314), and were more frequently found in ESBL-positive (55/79, 70%) than ESBL-negative (21/235, 8.9%) P. mirabilis isolates. The most prevalence of the cassettes encoded resistance genes were aminoglycoside (aac(6’)-Ib, aacA7, aadAl, aadA2, and aadAla), trimethoprim (dfrAl and dfrA12) and chloramphenicol (catB3 and cmlA6). The most prevalent cassette of dfr12-orfF-aadA2 was found in 49 isolates. The cassette array aadB-catB3-oxa10-aadA1 was first found in P. mirabilis. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR fingerprinting patterns were detected in these 76 integron positive P. mirabilis isolates and belonged to 8 profiles. Conclusion: This study investigated the prevalence and characterized gene cassettes of class 1 integrons in MDR P. mirabilis isolates from urine samples. The frequency of gene cassettes in P. mirabilis were partially by clonal spread of the carriers and the results could provide information for effective antimicrobial therapy and infection control.
The Development of Sensitivity to First-and Second-order Local Motion

Preface This thesis is comprised of three manuscripts produced in collaboration with my supervisors Drs. Terri Lewis and Daphne Maurer. Dr. Dave Ellemberg is also a co-author of Chapter 2. For Chapter 2, Dr. Dave Ellemberg was responsible for the experimental design of Experiment 1, while I was responsible for the experimental design of Experiment 2. I was directly responsible for all other aspects of data collection, analysis, as well as interpreting the results of each experiment. I was also responsible for developing the criteria of a custom VPIXX testing program required for Experiment 2. For Chapter 3, I was directly responsible for the experimental design, data collection and analysis, as well as interpreting the findings. I developed the testing method that I used with 3-year-olds. Both Chapter 2 and 3 are in preparation for submission to Vision Research. For Chapter 4, I was directly responsible for the experimental design, data collection, as well as the analysis and interpretation of the results. Chapter 4 is in preparation for submission to the Journal of Vision. I am the first author of all three manuscripts and I was responsible for their preparation. iii Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to determine the timeline of the development of sensitivity to first-order (luminance-defined) versus second-order (contrast-defined) motion and to compare how sensitivity to motion varies with temporal frequency (flicker rate), spatial frequency (stripe size), and velocity. In Chapter 2, I demonstrate that infants' sensitivity to drifting gratings is more adult-like for second-order than first-order stimuli. Moreover, the evidence suggests that infants choose a moving over a stationary grating based on their sensitivity to grating flicker rather than its direction. In Chapter 3, I demonstrate that sensitivity to second-order motion is more adult-like than sensitivity to first-order motion at all ages tested. Children reach adult-like levels of sensitivity to motion at 7 years when stimuli are second-order, but are still worse than adults at 10 years when stimuli are first-order. Furthermore, sensitivity to motion varies with temporal frequency when stimuli are first-order, but spatial frequency when stimuli are second-order. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that first-order motion is processed using low-level motion mechanisms, while second-order motion is processed using a feature tracking mechanism. In Chapter 4, I explored sensitivity to second-order motion in 5-year-olds and adults using directional and non-directional motion tasks. Children's sensitivity to motion is more immature when temporal frequency …
Expression of Glucose Transporters in the Prelaminar Region of the Optic-Nerve Head of the Pig as Determined by Immunolabeling and Tissue Culture

Background To develop the use of cultured tissue of the prelaminar optic nerve of the pig to explore possible alterations of the astrocyte-axon metabolic pathways in glaucoma, we map the distribution of the glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 in fresh and cultured tissue. Methods We monitor cell survival in cultures of the prelaminar optic-nerve tissue, measuring necrosis and apoptosis markers biochemically as well as morphologically, and establish the presence of the glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3. We map the distribution of these transporters with immunolabeling in histological sections of the optic nerve using confocal and electronic transmission microscopy. Results We find that the main death type in prelaminar culture is apoptosis. Caspase 7 staining reveals an increment in apoptosis from day 1 to day 4 and a reduction from day 4 to day 8. Western blotting for GLUT1 shows stability with increased culture time. CLSM micrographs locate GLUT1 in the columnar astrocytes and in the area of axonal bundles. Anti-GLUT3 predominantly labels axonal bundles. TEM immunolabeling with colloidal gold displays a very specific distribution of GLUT-1 in the membranes of vascular endothelial cells and in periaxonal astrocyte expansions. The GLUT-3 isoform is observed with TEM only in axons in the axonal bundles. Conclusions Tissue culture is suitable for apoptosis-induction experiments. The results suggest that glucose is transported to the axonal cleft intracytoplasmically and delivered to the cleft by GLUT1 transporters. As monocarboxylate transporters have been reported in the prelaminar region of the optic-nerve head, this area is likely to use both lactate and glucose as energy sources.
A region-divided search algorithms for game Amazons

A kind of alpha-beta search algorithm based on region-divided checkerboard for the game of Amazons was used to improve the efficiency. Hierarchy searching is adopted in this approach. Searching is firstly carried in the divided regions, then the searching result of the whole checkerboard is gotten according to those valued of various regions. The evaluation and integration of divided regions are also adjusted and optimized. In addition, the definition and recognition of divided regions are provided. Furthermore, the feasibility and complexity of the search algorithm are analyzed. Finally the efficiency of the algorithm is proved by experiments data.
Identification of medical surgical product and object distinction using image processing

In medical field, forming surgical invoice is a very burdensome task. Additionally, manual counting makes a lot of incomplete billing due to human error. Therefore, the automation system has a strong demand. Automatic Injection Information Reader had been developed to make invoice automatically and it was introduced into large size hospitals. The current situation, however, is that the device has not been introduced into midsize and smaller hospitals because of the large production cost and size. In this study, the system for identification of medical surgical product and substance distinction was developed with fewer components. It also enabled to identify the medical surgical product which previous machine could not recognize.
Project Cost Control System Based on Data Mining

Quantitative cost data is produced with the proceeding of project. Cost data, however, only has meaning when they are linked to some other external data e.g., time, asks, participants, etc. to provide the context for that information. Applying Data Mining technique to cost control can help managers improve their capability of cost analyzing, cost monitoring and cost warning. This paper introduced the frame of cost control system base on DM, and provided multi-dimension cost analysis by OLAP technique. Therefore, it can provide visual and reliable decision-making support for different cost control layers.
A real-time tool set for the ARTS kernel

An integrated real-time tool set is described that consists of a schedulability analyzer and a real-time monitor/debugger for the ARTS kernel, which is being built for a distributed real-time testbed. The schedulability analyzer, called Scheduler 1-2-3, is an X11 window-based interactive tool and can verify whether the given real-time tasks can meet their deadlines under a specific scheduling policy. An advanced real-time monitor, ARM, also runs on the X11 window and visualizes the target system's runtime behavior in real time. ARM can be used with Scheduler 1-2-3 to analyze simulated runs and its monitorability. <<ETX>>
Toward a Unified Bayesian Approach to Hybrid Metric--Topological SLAM

This paper introduces a new approach to simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) that pursues robustness and accuracy in large-scale environments. Like most successful works on SLAM, we use Bayesian filtering to provide a probabilistic estimation that can cope with uncertainty in the measurements, the robot pose, and the map. Our approach is based on the reconstruction of the robot path in a hybrid discrete-continuous state space, which naturally combines metric and topological maps. There are two fundamental characteristics that set this paper apart from previous ones: 1) the use of a unified Bayesian inference approach both for the metrical and the topological parts of the problem and 2) the analytical formulation of belief distributions over hybrid maps, which allows us to maintain the spatial uncertainty in large spaces more accurately and efficiently than in previous works. We also describe a practical implementation that aims for real-time operation. Our ideas have been validated by promising experimental results in large environments (up to 30 000 m2, a 2 km robot path) with multiple nested loops, which could hardly be managed appropriately by other approaches.
Reliability of intracerebral hemorrhage classification systems: A systematic review

Background Accurately distinguishing non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) subtypes is important since they may have different risk factors, causal pathways, management, and prognosis. We systematically assessed the inter- and intra-rater reliability of ICH classification systems. Methods We sought all available reliability assessments of anatomical and mechanistic ICH classification systems from electronic databases and personal contacts until October 2014. We assessed included studies’ characteristics, reporting quality and potential for bias; summarized reliability with kappa value forest plots; and performed meta-analyses of the proportion of cases classified into each subtype. Summary of review We included 8 of 2152 studies identified. Inter- and intra-rater reliabilities were substantial to perfect for anatomical and mechanistic systems (inter-rater kappa values: anatomical 0.78–0.97 [six studies, 518 cases], mechanistic 0.89–0.93 [three studies, 510 cases]; intra-rater kappas: anatomical 0.80–1 [three studies, 137 cases], mechanistic 0.92–0.93 [two studies, 368 cases]). Reporting quality varied but no study fulfilled all criteria and none was free from potential bias. All reliability studies were performed with experienced raters in specialist centers. Proportions of ICH subtypes were largely consistent with previous reports suggesting that included studies are appropriately representative. Conclusions Reliability of existing classification systems appears excellent but is unknown outside specialist centers with experienced raters. Future reliability comparisons should be facilitated by studies following recently published reporting guidelines.
An experimental analysis on cloud-based mobile augmentation in mobile cloud computing

Recent consumer electronic technologies have created momentous ground for smartphones in various domains, particularly healthcare and education. However, smartphones' miniature nature imposes intrinsic limitations on computational capabilities and battery lifetime that encumber performing Resource-intensive Mobile Applications (RMAs). Cloud-based Mobile Augmentation (CMA) is the-state-of-the-art augmentation model that leverages proximate and distant clouds to increase, enhance, and optimize computing capabilities of mobile devices aiming at execution of RMAs, which breeds Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC). This study analyzes impacts of mobile-cloud distance and number of intermediate hops - as influential factors - on CMA performance which are not yet investigated. The results indicate the correlation between distance and intermediate hops on overall execution costs (time and energy) of RMAs. The mathematical modeling and benchmarking unveil that distance has negligible impact on latency, whereas intermediate hops increment and communication overhead significantly degrade application performance and complicate energy and time estimation in CMA system.
Meeting points: Using thread criticality to adapt multicore hardware to parallel regions

We present a novel mechanism, called meeting point thread characterization, to dynamically detect critical threads in a parallel region. We define the critical thread the one with the longest completion time in the parallel region. Knowing the criticality of each thread has many potential applications. In this work, we propose two applications: thread delaying for multi-core systems and thread balancing for simultaneous multi-threaded (SMT) cores. Thread delaying saves energy consumptions by running the core containing the critical thread at maximum frequency while scaling down the frequency and voltage of the cores containing non-critical threads. Thread balancing improves overall performance by giving higher priority to the critical thread in the issue queue of an SMT core. Our experiments on a detailed microprocessor simulator with the Recognition, Mining, and Synthesis applications from Intel research laboratory reveal that thread delaying can achieve energy savings up to more than 40% with negligible performance loss. Thread balancing can improve performance from 1% to 20%.
Reality and Human Values in

Many mathematicians and philosophers say that mathematical objects have a real existence independent of any human activities or values. But do mathematicians behave as if this were true? This paper applies techniques from linguistics and sociology to show that mathematical discourse involves a highly nuanced assignment of values to objects, which is then used in resolving references to objects; it also discusses the nature of abstraction, and shows how the appearance of reality for mathematical objects arises through the use of conventions from ordinary discourse, including narrative. Results in the paper have implications for the exposition and use of mathematics, for mathematics education, and for philosophy.
Selection of Peptides Targeting Helix 31 of Bacterial 16S Ribosomal RNA by Screening M13 Phage-Display Libraries

Ribosomal RNA is the catalytic portion of ribosomes, and undergoes a variety of conformational changes during translation. Structural changes in ribosomal RNA can be facilitated by the presence of modified nucleotides. Helix 31 of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA harbors two modified nucleotides, m2G966 and m5C967, that are highly conserved among bacteria, though the degree and nature of the modifications in this region are different in eukaryotes. Contacts between helix 31 and the P-site tRNA, initiation factors, and ribosomal proteins highlight the importance of this region in translation. In this work, a heptapeptide M13 phage-display library was screened for ligands that target the wild-type, naturally modified bacterial helix 31. Several peptides, including TYLPWPA, CVRPFAL, TLWDLIP, FVRPFPL, ATPLWLK, and DIRTQRE, were found to be prevalent after several rounds of screening. Several of the peptides exhibited moderate affinity (in the high nM to low µM range) to modified helix 31 in biophysical assays, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and were also shown to bind 30S ribosomal subunits. These peptides also inhibited protein synthesis in cell-free translation assays.
Origins of Spectral Changes in Fiber Bragg Gratings Due to Macrobending

The effect of macrobending on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in standard and specialist use single-mode fibers has been investigated for bend diameters down to 6 mm. The bend dependence of various spectral properties of FBGs, including center wavelength, were found to depend upon fiber type. A maximum centre wavelength shift of 0.39 nm was measured for a FBG written in low bend loss fiber bent to a 6 mm diameter. To investigate the cause of the observed wavelength shift, and the dependence on fiber design, a number of theoretical models have been applied to the problem. The results of modeling suggest that bend-induced changes in mode structure may explain the observed differences between fiber types, while wavefront distortion might be the cause of the general shift to shorter FBG center wavelengths when the bend diameter decreases.
Microfluidic Probes and Quadrupoles: A new era of open microfluidics

The microfluidic probe (MFP) is a noncontact technology that applies the concept of hydrodynamic flow confinement (HFC) within a small gap to eliminate the need for closed microfluidic conduits and, therefore, overcome the conventional closed-system microfluidic limitation. Since its invention, the concept has experienced continuing advancement with several applications, ranging from manipulating mammalian cells and printing protein arrays to performing microfabrication.
CCR4 Is a Key Modulator of Innate Immune Responses1

CCR4 is recognized as a key receptor in Th2-associated immune processes, although very little is known about its role in innate immunity. Previous studies reported increased resistance to LPS-induced lethality in CCR4−/− mice compared with wild-type mice. This study demonstrates that CCR4−/− mice are similarly resistant to challenge with other TLR agonists, as well as bacterial peritonitis. Resistance was associated with enhanced early leukocyte recruitment, increased TLR expression, a skewed type 2 cytokine/chemokine profile, and improved bacterial clearance. Macrophages from CCR4−/− mice exhibited many features consistent with alternative activation, including elevated secretion of type 2 cytokines/chemokines and the found in inflammatory zone 1 (FIZZ1) protein. MyD88-dependent NF-κB signaling was significantly down-regulated in CCR4−/− macrophages, whereas p38 MAPK and JNK activation were conversely increased. These data stress the importance of CCR4 in macrophage differentiation and innate immune responses to pathogens, as well as the involvement of chemokine receptor expression in TLR signaling regulation.
Modeling of a Back-Gated Monolayer MoS2 FET by Extraction of an Accurate Threshold Voltage and Gate-Bias-Dependent Source/Drain Resistance

Fabrication and characterization of MOSFETs having monolayer channels comprised of the transition metal dichalcogenide molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) are active areas of research. In this paper, we show that a simple and traditional MOSFET model, when including an accurate threshold voltage and gate-bias-dependent source/drain resistance, achieves a good visual fit to our measured data, in the linear regime, for a back-gated monolayer MoS2 FET. A four-point probe measurement technique is utilized to extract the accurate threshold voltage and gate-bias-dependent source/drain resistance implemented in the model.