Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of increasing construct constraint in the presence of posterolateral deficiency at knee replacement: A biomechanical study

When faced with posterolateral corner (PLC) deficiency, surgeons must choose a total knee replacement (TKR) construct that provides the appropriate level of constraint. This should match the internal constraint of the device to the soft tissue host laxity pattern. Little guidance is available peroperatively, with factors influencing final component choice remaining ill defined. This study aimed to quantify the effect of PLC insufficiency on the “envelope of laxity” (EoL) after TKR and the effect of increasingly component constraint upon knee behavior through a functional arc of flexion. Using computer navigation, mixed effect modeling and loaded cadaveric legs—laxity was quantified under separate states: the native knee, after implantation of a posterior stabilized (PS)‐TKR, after sectioning the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament and popliteus tendon (PS‐TKR‐PLC), and after re‐implantation with a semi‐constrained “total stabilized” knee replacement (TS‐TKR). Laxity was quantified from 0 to 110° of flexion for anterior draw, varus–valgus, and internal–external rotation. Implantation of the PS‐TKR was consistently associated with increased constraint when compared to the native knee. PLC sectioning led to significantly increased laxity during varus stress from mid to deep flexion. Revision to a TS‐TKR construct restored constraint mimicking that of the primary state but only for the arc of motion 0–90°. In a posterolateral deficient state, a fixed bearing semi‐constrained TS‐TKR restored the knee to near normal kinematics but this was only achieved from an arc of motion 0–90° of flexion. At higher flexion angles, there remained an unfavorable laxity pattern with varus stress opening. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:427–434, 2016.
A novel approach in electron beam radiation therapy of lips carcinoma: a Monte Carlo study.

PURPOSE Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is commonly treated by electron beam radiotherapy (EBRT) followed by a boost via brachytherapy. Considering the limitations associated with brachytherapy, in this study, a novel boosting technique in EBRT of lip carcinoma using an internal shield as an internal dose enhancer tool (IDET) was evaluated. An IDET is referred to a partially covered internal shield located behind the lip. It was intended to show that while the backscattered electrons are absorbed in the portion covered with a low atomic number material, they will enhance the target dose in the uncovered area. METHODS Monte-Carlo models of 6 and 8 MeV electron beams were developed using BEAMnrc code and were validated against experimental measurements. Using the developed models, dose distributions in a lip phantom were calculated and the effect of an IDET on target dose enhancement was evaluated. Typical lip thicknesses of 1.5 and 2.0 cm were considered. A 5 × 5 cm(2) of lead covered by 0.5 cm of polystyrene was used as an internal shield, while a 4 × 4 cm(2) uncovered area of the shield was used as the dose enhancer. RESULTS Using the IDET, the maximum dose enhancement as a percentage of dose at dmax of the unshielded field was 157.6% and 136.1% for 6 and 8 MeV beams, respectively. The best outcome was achieved for lip thickness of 1.5 cm and target thickness of less than 0.8 cm. For lateral dose coverage of planning target volume, the 80% isodose curve at the lip-IDET interface showed a 1.2 cm expansion, compared to the unshielded field. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that a boost concomitant EBRT of lip is possible by modifying an internal shield into an IDET. This boosting method is especially applicable to cases in which brachytherapy faces limitations, such as small thicknesses of lips and targets located at the buccal surface of the lip.
Genomic Nucleotide Sequence of a Proteinase Inhibitor II Gene

PI-I1 is a potent inhibitor of endopeptidases, exhibiting a dual specificity toward trypsin and chymotrypsin (Gustafson and Ryan, 1976). This protein is encoded by a small multigene family and expression is regulated by both developmental and environmental signals. PI-I1 is constitutively expressed in potato tubers and in flowers of potato and tomato plants. In leaves, synthesis of the inhibitor is induced in response to severe mechanical damage (Ryan and An, 1988) such as insect chewing. Plant protease inhibitors can serve as pro-tective agents against herbivorous insects (Broadway and Duffey, 1986).
A Comprehensive Survey on Intra and Inter Organizational Agreements

With the continued growth of Service Oriented Architectures (SOA), cross-organizational enterprise collaboration is needed to satisfy complex client needs. To define dependencies between collaborative enterprises and guarantee the required Quality of Service (QoS) at different layers of the SOA, agreements present an effective solution. In fact, using agreements at different layers of SOA gives a clear specification and control of the agreed service levels between different stakeholders involved in the composition. In this context, aggregation functions that allow the management of composite agreements from the atomic ones at the same layer and translation techniques to detect dependencies between agreements at multiple layers are needed. In this paper, we give a survey on intra and inter organizational agreements for enterprise collaborations. We start by presenting the motivation of this paper and give an overview of agreements lifecycle and categories. Then, we give a state of the art of agreements composition approaches. After that, we highlight the techniques used to manage dependencies between agreements composition and we finish this paper by giving a synthetic view of existing works.
Effect of Vehicles on Topical Application of Aloe Vera and Arnica Montana Components

In this study two types of gels and microemulsions are investigated for their ability to dissolve, release, and induce the permeation of helenalin, a flavonoid responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of arnica montana extract, and aloin, an anthrone-C-glucosyls with antibacterial activity present in aloe vera extract. The release of these agents from each vehicle was followed by HPLC, and transcutaneous permeation was examined using a modified Franz cell and a porcine skin membrane. The study showed that a microemulsion can be a good vehicle to increase the permeation of helenalin, while the gel formulation, containing Sepigel 305, proved able to reduce the release and permeation of aloin, with a consequent activity limited to the surface of application, without any permeation. This is in accordance with the necessity to avoid this process, since human skin fibroblasts can metabolize absorbed aloin into a structurally related compound that increases the sensitivity of skin to ultraviolet light.
Chinese and English Mathematics Language: The Relation Between Linguistic Clarity and Mathematics Performance

In Study 1, 48 judges rated the clarity of Chinese, English, and "Chinglish" (Chinese words translated into English) mathematical words-for example, the Chinglish version of the Chinese word for quadrilateral is "four-side-shape. " Native Chinese-speaking judges achieve greater agreement on the relative clarity of Chinese words than do native English-speaking judges on the relative clarity of English words. More Chinese words are rated clear than are English. Chinglish mathematical words tend to be rated more clear than English. The inherent compound word structure of the Chinese language seems well suited to portray mathematical ideas. In Study 2, we examined the relations among the clarity of Chinese mathematical terms, U.S. urban junior high school students' Chinese reading ability, and their mathematics performance. There is a strong correlation between Chinese reading ability and performance on test items with mathematics words rated clear by Chinese judges. The relative clarity of mathematical terms in the Chinese language may contribute to Chinese-speaking students' understanding of mathematics and to superior mathematics performance.
A computerized method for automated identification of erect posteroanterior and supine anteroposterior chest radiographs

A computerized scheme was developed for automated identification of erect posteroanterior (PA) and supine anteroposterior (AP) chest radiographs. The method was based on three features, the tilt angle of the scapula superior border, the tilt angle of the clavicle and the extent of radiolucence in lung fields, to identify the view of a chest radiograph. The three indices Ascapula, Aclavicle and Clung were determined from a chest image for the three features. Linear discriminant analysis was used to classify PA and AP chest images based on the three indices. The performance of the method was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The proposed method was evaluated using a database of 600 PA and 600 AP chest radiographs. The discriminant performances Az of Ascapula, Aclavicle and Clung were 0.878 ± 0.010, 0.683 ± 0.015 and 0.962 ± 0.006, respectively. The combination of the three indices obtained an Az value of 0.979 ± 0.004. The results indicate that the combination of the three indices could yield high discriminant performance. The proposed method could provide radiologists with information about the view of chest radiographs for interpretation or could be used as a preprocessing step for analyzing chest images.
Functional Significance of an Evolutionarily Conserved Alanine (GCA) Resume Codon in tmRNA in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Occasionally, ribosomes stall on mRNAs prior to the completion of the polypeptide chain. In Escherichia coli and other eubacteria, tmRNA-mediated trans-translation is a major mechanism that recycles the stalled ribosomes. The tmRNA possesses a tRNA-like domain and a short mRNA region encoding a short peptide (ANDENYALAA in E. coli) followed by a termination codon. The first amino acid (Ala) of this peptide encoded by the resume codon (GCN) is highly conserved in tmRNAs in different species. However, reasons for the high evolutionary conservation of the resume codon identity have remained unclear. In this study, we show that changing the E. coli tmRNA resume codon to other efficiently translatable codons retains efficient functioning of the tmRNA. However, when the resume codon was replaced with the low-usage codons, its function was adversely affected. Interestingly, expression of tRNAs decoding the low-usage codon from plasmid-borne gene copies restored efficient utilization of tmRNA. We discuss why in E. coli, the GCA (Ala) is one of the best codons and why all codons in the short mRNA of the tmRNA are decoded by the abundant tRNAs.
Pivot: Fast, Synchronous Mashup Isolation Using Generator Chains

Pivot is a new JavaScript isolation framework for web applications. Pivot uses iframes as its low-level isolation containers, but it uses code rewriting to implement synchronous cross-domain interfaces atop the asynchronous cross-frame postMessage( ) primitive. Pivot layers a distributed scheduling abstraction across the frames, essentially treating each frame as a thread which can invoke RPCs that are serviced by external threads. By rewriting JavaScript call sites, Pivot can detect RPC invocations, Pivot exchanges RPC requests and responses via postMessage( ), and it pauses and restarts frames using a novel rewriting technique that translates each frame's JavaScript code into a restart able generator function. By leveraging both iframes and rewriting, Pivot does not need to rewrite all code, providing an order-of-magnitude performance improvement over rewriting-only solutions. Compared to iframe-only approaches, Pivot provides synchronous RPC semantics, which developers typically prefer over asynchronous RPCs. Pivot also allows developers to use the full, unrestricted JavaScript language, including powerful statements like eval( ).
The Lowlands' TREC Experiments 2005

This paper describes our participation to the TREC HARD track (High Accuracy Retrieval of Documents) and the TREC Enterprise track. The main goal of our HARD participation is the development and evaluation of so-called query profiles: Short summaries of the retrieved results that enable the user to perform more focused search, for instance by zooming in on a particular time period. The main goal of our Enterprise track participation is to investigate the potential of the structural information for this type of retrieval task. In particular, we study the use of the thread information and the subject and header fields of the email documents. As a secondary and long standing research goal, we aim at developing an information retrieval framework that supports many diverse retrieval applications by means of one simple yet powerful query language (similar to SQL or relational algebra) that hides the implementation details of retrieval approaches from the application developer, while still giving the application developer control over the ranking process. Both the HARD system and the Enterprise system (as well as our TRECVID video retrieval system [14]) are based on MonetDB, an open source database system developed at CWI [1].
A Systematic Review of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: A Clinical Practice Perspective

Occupational therapists working to a philosophy of client-centred practice will benefit from a reliable and well reviewed outcome measure to provide an evidence base. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to evaluate worldwide publications on the use of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) to determine its impact on clinical practice in occupational therapy. A literature search strategy was deployed which resulted in a review of 64 articles. A themed analysis approach was used to integrate the results into linked and recurring themes. The focus of the systematic review was to concentrate on issues affecting clinical practice and the following were selected as key factors for consideration: negative and positive issues arising from the use of the COPM; impact on practice for the therapist, client, process and clinical work; and change initiatives for the therapist, client, process and clinical practice. A profile of all articles, which identifies where these factors are indicated, is presented as a summary guide to assist the clinician. The findings of the review indicated that the greatest impact of using the COPM was within clinical practice. Change initiatives indicated the need for further research in different clinical areas, as well as the continual development and need for more training of occupational therapists in the use of COPM as an outcome measure.
Persistent Elderly Poverty in Rural Appalachia

This article focuses on the persistence of poverty among the elderly of rural Appalachia. A case study of current poverty levels in the 49 counties of Appalachian eastern Kentucky indicates continutng high levels of poverty, particularly among elderly women, in an environment characterized by limited resources. Demographic and economic change within the region threaten the continuing existence of traditional social and cultural buffers that, historically, have ameliorated the worst effects of poverty Such buffers include informal support systems and an egalitarian community ideology As the economic, social, and cultural context of poverty in the region changes due to increased integration in a national economic system and society, there is a need for a "new vision" that will provide a culturally appropriate, locally based, response to the structural conditions that perpetuate poverty among the elderly.
Indirect Measurement Of Regional Culture In The Netherlands

Culture is a key concept in contemporary cultural and economic geography, but geographical research on culture is thus far mainly limited to case studies. To supplement this qualitative approach with a quantitative analysis of cultural causes and effects of geographic phenomena a data set is needed that somehow measures culture. This paper presents an attempt at such a measurement at the spatial scale of Dutch municipalities. Culture as a 'map for behaviour' is measured here indirectly, by means of factor analysis. Five dimensions of Dutch regional culture were found in this way: (1) post-materialism; (2) Protestant conservatism; (3) classical individualism; (4) egalitarian anti-conservatism; and (5) dissatisfaction. Although the regional differences in these dimensions are to a considerable extent related to differences in urbanisation, income and education rather than to some historical cultural geography, the measurement is shown to be empirically relevant and can be used in further research on culture in geography. Copyright (c) 2006 by the Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Functional and Morphological Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Mice Using a Cryogenic Quadrature Radiofrequency Coil

Cardiac morphology and function assessment by magnetic resonance imaging is of increasing interest for a variety of mouse models in pre-clinical cardiac research, such as myocardial infarction models or myocardial injury/remodeling in genetically or pharmacologically induced hypertension. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) constraints, however, limit image quality and blood myocardium delineation, which crucially depend on high spatial resolution. Significant gains in SNR with a cryogenically cooled RF probe have been shown for mouse brain MRI, yet the potential of applying cryogenic RF coils for cardiac MR (CMR) in mice is, as of yet, untapped. This study examines the feasibility and potential benefits of CMR in mice employing a 400 MHz cryogenic RF surface coil, compared with a conventional mouse heart coil array operating at room temperature. The cryogenic RF coil affords SNR gains of 3.0 to 5.0 versus the conventional approach and hence enables an enhanced spatial resolution. This markedly improved image quality – by better deliniation of myocardial borders and enhanced depiction of papillary muscles and trabeculae – and facilitated a more accurate cardiac chamber quantification, due to reduced intraobserver variability. In summary the use of a cryogenically cooled RF probe represents a valuable means of enhancing the capabilities of CMR of mice.
Immediate screening of lead exposure in the workplace using portable X-ray fluorescence

ABSTRACT The use of a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (PXRF) equipped with a miniaturised X-ray tube producing a small 8 mm diameter X-ray beam required the validation of two new sampling protocols for the immediate screening of occupational lead exposure. First, lead in dust and fumes, collected by Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) inhalable samplers on 25 mm diameter membrane filters, is quantified using PXRF. To account for irregular dust deposition, the filters are rotated manually by quarter turns. Multiple PXRF readings are collected from the central region and from two locations in the outer region. The inner region is distinguishable from the outer region, but the two outer region locations are indistinguishable. High correlations (R2 > 0.99) are found between the PXRF results and historical results obtained using a reference method based on a laboratory wavelength-dispersive sequential XRF instrument (WDXRF) for lead loadings between 1–161 μg. The PXRF results from the outer regions of the filters show a bias of −13% with respect to the WDXRF. Once this bias is allowed for, 95% of all PXRF results lie within −28% and +38% of the WDXRF results. Neither instrument accounts for potential dust accumulation on the walls of the IOM sampler. Therefore, methods based on their use can only be considered semi-quantitative. Second, a protocol combining direct PXRF measurements on workplace surfaces with surface wipes is designed for immediate on-site quantification of removable surface lead residues. The quantification of such residues by this method is compared with subsequent off-site wet chemistry analysis of the surface wipes. The two methods show a good correlation (R2 ∼ 0.88). The ratio of the amount of removable residues determined by PXRF and wipe sampling is close to one with range 0.26–3.94. It is demonstrated that PXRF can be used as an effective tool for the immediate screening of occupational lead exposure. Although this article focused on lead, PXRF can identify simultaneously a number of other metals.
A Note on Design Decisions of a Formalization of the OCL — The View of Freiburg —

We compare several formal and informal approaches to define the semantics of the Object Constraint Language (OCL) [22]. This comparison reveals a number of minor and major design problems to be settled in upcoming versions of the OCL standard. We review these problems in the context of our work of providing a formal semantics of OCL through an conservative embedding in HOL using the Isabelle theorem prover.1.
Feature extraction with convolutional restricted boltzmann machine for audio classification

Feature extraction is a crucial part for a large number of audio tasks. Researchers have extracted audio features in multiple ways, among which some most recent methods are based on the hidden layer of a trained neutral network. In this paper, we present a system which can automatically extract features from unlabeled audio data, and then the features of extracted from the system are used for audio classification task. Ourfeature extraction scheme makes use of a convolutional restricted Boltzmann machine (CRBM), instead of those using restricted Boltzmann machines (RB-M). By using features extracted from CRBM, we can achieve about 7% accuracy improvement consistently over than the RBM-based features on the TI-Digits dataset for audio classification. We also combine the well-known MFCC features and the CRBM-based features in the form of a linear combination. In our experiments, this feature combining the two methods performs better than both features alone.
Extra mouse mammary tumor proviruses in DBA/2 mouse lymphomas acquire a selective advantage in lymphocytes by alteration in the U3 region of the long terminal repeat

We determined the nucleotide sequences of the long terminal repeats (LTRs) from mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) proviruses acquired in two DBA/2 mouse lymphoma cell lines, MLA and DL-8. Proviruses from MLA contained a 352-base-pair deletion from nucleotides 669 to 1020 in the U3 region of the LTR, whereas the LTR alteration of the DL-8 provirus involved both a similar 360-base-pair deletion and generation of a tandem repeat region consisting of sequences of flanking deletions. To assess the function of the rearranged LTRs, we constructed plasmids in which normal and rearranged LTRs drove the reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and transfected them into T-cell lines (Jurkat, Molt-3, and DL-8) and the mammary tumor cell line T47D. Both rearranged LTRs were transcriptionally active, but normal LTRs were not active in either the presence or absence of glucocorticoids in all T-cell lines. In T47D cells, however, the MLA provirus LTR showed the same glucocorticoid- or progestin-dependent transcriptional activity as did normal LTRs. The DL-8 provirus LTR acquired a novel enhancer(s) by rearrangement and thus had a high basal transcriptional activity in T47D cells. The results of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays using plasmids with various chimeric MMTV LTRs revealed that the rearranged LTRs had lost their negative regulatory element and contained an enhancer element that was highly homologous to the enhancer A element of polyomavirus (from nucleotides 525 to 558). GR but not C3H mouse MMTV contained this enhancer. These results elucidate some of the molecular mechanisms involved in the selection of mutant MMTVs with rearranged LTRs in lymphoma cells.