Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid type legalization for a sparse SIMD instruction set

SIMD vector units implement only a subset of the operations used by vectorizing compilers, and there are multiple conflicting techniques to legalize arbitrary vector types into register-sized data types. Traditionally, type legalization is performed using a set of predefined rules, regardless of the operations used in the program. This method is not suitable to sparse SIMD instruction sets and often prevents the vectorization of programs. In this work we introduce a new technique for type legalization, namely vector element promotion, as well as a hybrid method for combining multiple techniques of type legalization. Our hybrid type legalization method makes decisions based on the knowledge of the available instruction set as well as the operations used in the program. Our experimental results demonstrate that program-dependent hybrid type legalization improves the execution time of vector programs, outperforms the existing legalization method, and allows the vectorization of workloads which were not vectorized before.
The Star Formation Rate Intensity Distribution Function: Implications for the Cosmic Star Formation Rate History of the Universe

We address the effects of cosmological surface brightness dimming on observations of faint galaxies by examining the distribution of "unobscured" star formation rate intensities versus redshift. We use the star formation rate intensity distribution function to assess the ultraviolet luminosity density versus redshift, based on our photometry and photometric redshift measurements of faint galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field (HDF) and the Hubble Deep Field-South (HDF-S) Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 and Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer fields. We find that (1) previous measurements have missed a dominant fraction of the ultraviolet luminosity density of the universe at high redshifts by neglecting cosmological surface brightness dimming effects, which are important at redshifts larger than z ≈ 2; (2) the incidence of the highest intensity star-forming regions increases monotonically with redshift; and (3) the ultraviolet luminosity density plausibly increases monotonically with redshift through the highest redshifts observed. By measuring the spectrum of the luminosity density versus redshift, we also find that (4) previous measurements of the ultraviolet luminosity density at redshifts z < 2 must be reduced by a factor of ≈2 to allow for the spectrum of the luminosity density between rest-frame wavelengths 1500 and 2800 Å. And, by comparing with observations of high-redshift damped Lyα absorption systems detected toward background quasi-stellar objects, we further find that (5) the distribution of star formation rate intensities matches the distribution of neutral hydrogen column densities at redshifts z ≈ 2-5, which establishes a quantitative connection between high-redshift galaxies and high column density gas and suggests that high-redshift damped Lyα absorption systems trace lower star formation rate intensity regions of the same galaxies detected in starlight in the HDF and HDF-S. Because our measurements neglect the effects of obscuration by dust, they represent lower limits to the total star formation rate density.
ON THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF BIRD SPECIES.

One approach to the study of the structure of animal communities for which there is a considerable amount of raw data is the comparison of abundances of the species of a group of organisms in a given locality. The basic information is a list of species found and the abundance of each. This can best be plotted by ranking the species from commonest to rarest along the abscissa and plotting their abundances along the ordinate. For convenience, the abscissa is graduated logarithmically. Earlier investigations,' discussed elsewhere,2 fit known statistical curves of uncertain biological meaning to the data. A more fruitful approach seems to be to predict curves on the basis of simple biological hypotheses and to compare these with the data. Three such hypotheses will be discussed here. First, however, the evidence cited by Lack,3 combined with the observation that censuses yield similar results when taken in the same habitat either at the same time in different places or in the same place in different years, indicates, for birds at least, that the observed populations are not under the control of very local or rapid temporal processes; i.e., they are in a near-equilibrium state. The hypotheses will therefore be ones which yield an equilibrium or near-equilibrium population. Hypothesis 1: Nonoverlapping Niches. The environment is compared with a stick of unit length on which n 1 points are thrown at random. The stick is broken at these points, and the lengths of the n resulting segments are proportional to the abundances of the n species. This comparison is legitimate, since the mathematical part of the derivation can be used unchanged for spaces of higher dimension. The most complete discussion of the resulting distribution is given by Barton and David.4 The expected length of the rth shortest interval is given by
Direct regulation of E-cadherin by targeted histone methylation of TALE-SET fusion protein in cancer cells

TALE-nuclease chimeras (TALENs) can bind to and cleave specific genomic loci and, are used to engineer gene knockouts and additions. Recently, instead of using the FokI domain, epigenetically active domains, such as TET1 and LSD1, have been combined with TAL effector domains to regulate targeted gene expression via DNA and histone demethylation. However, studies of histone methylation in the TALE system have not been performed. Therefore, in this study, we established a novel targeted regulation system with a TAL effector domain and a histone methylation domain. To construct a TALE-methylation fusion protein, we combined a TAL effector domain containing an E-Box region to act as a Snail binding site and the SET domain of EHMT 2 to allow for histone methylation. The constructed TALE-SET module (TSET) repressed the expression of E-cadherin via by increasing H3K9 dimethylation. Moreover, the cells that overexpressed TSET showed increased cell migration and invasion. This is the first phenotype-based study of targeted histone methylation by the TALE module, and this new system can be applied in new cancer therapies to reduce side effects.
Adaptive Learning and Inflation Persistence

What generates persistence in inflation? Is inflation persistence structural? This paper investigates learning as a potential source of persistence in inflation. The paper focuses on the price-setting problem of firms and presents a model that nests structural sources of persistence (indexation) and learning. Indexation is typically necessary under rational expectations to match the inertia in the data and to improve the fit of estimated New Keynesian Phillips curves. The empirical results show that when learning replaces the assumption of fully rational expectations, structural sources of persistence in inflation, such as indexation, become unsupported by the data. The results suggest learning behavior as the main source of persistence in inflation. This finding has implications for the optimal monetary policy. The paper also shows how one's results can heavily depend on the assumed learning speed. The estimated persistence and the model fit, in fact, vary across the whole range of constant gain values. The paper derives the best-fitting constant gains in the sample and shows that the learning speed has substantially changed over time.
Concepts and Measures of Federal Deficits and Debt and Their Impact on Economic Activity

This paper introduces extensions of the National Income Accounts to include a consistent treatment of consumer durables and government capital in the measurement of consumption and income, and explicitly tests alternative propositions concerning the effects of government financial policy on real economic activity. The paper discusses adjustments to various measures of the budget deficit, national debt, or government "net worth". These include separating government tangible investment from consumption, accounting for government financial assets, inflation adjustments, etc. The most important results estimate consumption functions in which government consumption is subtracted from income. I take this to be more in the spirit of the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis, asking: Given the level of government consumption, would a shift from tax to debt finance alter consumption? The various measures of the deficit produce virtually identical results in their impact on consumption: a tax cut holding government consumption constant, unambiguously increases consumption substantially, about 40 cents on the dollar. Estimating separate coefficients on private wealth, net of government bonds and on private holdings of government bonds, yields a coefficient on government bonds virtually identical to that of regular private wealth, rather than zero as would be the case under Ricardian equivalence. The estimates of the net impact of Social Security wealth are consistent with recent research suggesting that the propensity to consume out of Social Security wealth is about half that of regular private wealth. The estimated impact of changes in net government explicit assets -- the value of government tangible capital over and above regular debt -- again is quite similar to the propensity to consume out of private wealth. This would suggest that government tangible assets substitute for private saving. Reduced form estimates are presented on the impact of federal deficits on the composition of GNP. Various specifications lead to the conclusion that a $1 increase in the deficit, controlling for the level of economic activity, appear to be associated with about a 30 cent increase in private saving, about a 35 cent decrease in domestic investment and about a 25 cent decrease in net foreign investment. Thus, the results reported in the paper, using alternative concepts and measures of deficits and debt tend to confirm the proposition that government deficits affect real economic activity.
Triggered star formation and evolution of T-Tauri stars in and around bright-rimmed clouds

The aim of this paper is to quantitatively testify the ‘small-scale sequential star formation’ hypothesis in and around bright-rimmed clouds (BRCs). As a continuation of the recent attempt by Ogura et al., we have carried out BVI c photometry of four more BRC aggregates along with deeper re-observations of two previously observed BRCs. Again, quantitative age gradients are found in almost all the BRCs studied in the present work. Archival Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera data also support this result. The global distribution of near-infrared excess stars in each H ii region studied here clearly shows evidence that a series of radiation-driven implosion processes proceeded in the past from near the central O star(s) towards the peripheries of the H ii region. We found that in general weak-line T-Tauri stars (WTTSs) are somewhat older than classical T-Tauri stars (CTTSs). Also the fraction of CTTSs among the T-Tauri stars (TTSs) associated with the BRCs is found to decrease with age. These facts are in accordance with the recent conclusion by Bertout, Siess & Cabrit that CTTSs evolve into WTTSs. It seems that in general the equivalent width of Hα emission in TTSs associated with the BRCs decreases with age. The mass function (MF) of the aggregates associated with the BRCs of the morphological type ‘A’ seems to follow that found in young open clusters, whereas ‘B/C’-type BRCs show significantly steeper MF.
A new method for calibrating depth and color camera pair based on Kinect

In this paper, we present a method that can calibrates color camera and depth camera of Kinect simultaneously, and finally get the relative pose between them. The calibration process for color camera and depth camera is designed by taking advantage of two different method respectively. As we know, the depth information can be acquired readily from the depth image, however, under the consideration of the fuzzy boundary and the overlapping of object in depth image, we choose using one-dimensional object for calibrating depth camera and propose a nonlinear method to optimize its intrinsic parameter. As for color camera calibration, we design a cross shape object for calibration and validation. Both methods are strongly robust to noise and much easier to implement. The experiment result shows a better accuracy in comparison with the proprietary calibration procedure of the manufacturer.
Design of rule based lemmatizer for Kannada inflectional words

Lemmatizer and stemmer are the two basic modules in most of the natural language processing applications. Stemming is the process of stripping off the affixes that are present in the inflectional word to obtain stem. The extracted stem by the stemmer need not be a valid root or linguistically meaningful word. Lemmatizer removes the affixes that are present in the inflectional word by applying linguistic rules and returns the base-form or dictionary-form of the word, which is known as lemma. The split lemma is a valid root and linguistically meaningful word, hence the lemmatizer requires more linguistic knowledge than the stemmer. In linguistics, the objective of lemmatizer is to group together the different inflected forms of a word, such that these inflected words are analyzed as a common term. In this context, it is necessary to design a lemmatizer for Kannada inflectional words. In this paper we have proposed the design of rule based lemmatizer by adding set of linguistic rules to extract proper and meaningful root from Kannada inflectional word. The proposed module is tested on different types of data sets that are specifically created for this work and the accuracy obtained on these data is above 85%.
Constrained systems and the Clairaut equation

An extension of the Legendre transform to non-convex functions with vanishing Hessian as a mix of envelope and general solutions of the Clairaut equation is proposed. Applying this to systems with constraints, the procedure of finding a Hamiltonian for a degenerate Lagrangian is just that of solving a corresponding Clairaut equation with a subsequent application of the proposed Legendre-Clairaut transformation. In this way the unconstrained version of Hamiltonian equations is obtained. The Legendre-Clairaut transformation presented is involutive. We demonstrate the origin of the Dirac primary constraints, along with their explicit form, and this is done without using the Lagrange multiplier method.
Consumer Welfare in The Deregulated Swedish Electricity Market

The deregulation of the Swedish electricity market in 1996 affected both the market design and the pricing of electricity. Since 1996, the electricity price faced by consumers has increased dramatically. Due to the high electricity price and large company profits, a debate about the success of the deregulation has emerged. As such, the aim of this paper is to investigate whether or not the deregulation of the Swedish electricity market has improved consumers’ welfare. The theoretical framework is an equivalent variation method and the analysis is performed using monthly data for the period January 1996 to January 2007. The results indicate that deregulation has kept the power price (excluding taxes) down and increased consumer welfare in Sweden.
A block-based background model for video surveillance

Background modeling is an important component of many computer vision systems. The numerous approaches to this problem differ in the statistical models used to describe the temporal behavior of single pixels. Without proper use of spatial coherence between pixel values, these models suffer greatly from memory consumption. In order to reduce spatial redundancy in the data, we propose a novel block- based background model which clusters pixel values within each small block of frames, and build weighted indexes for each pixel to track color values temporally. Compared with traditional models, the proposed model greatly reduces average number of bytes needed to model a pixel, and can be used in real-time video surveillance systems.
Analysis of likelihood approximations for bearings-only measurements

This paper provides an analysis of likelihood approximations for bearings-only measurements. By application of Streit's likelihood function decomposition that provides a likelihood which is linear in target state, Gaussian mixture likelihood approximations for bearings-only measurements based on the work of Musicki and Kronhamn are derived. They only differ in the choice of weights. An analysis as well as simulations show that Musicki's approach provides better estimation results for distant targets, whereas Kronhamn's approach is advantageous for nearby targets.
Parasitic-Insensitive Linearization Methods for 60-GHz 90-nm CMOS LNAs

Two V-band low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) with excellent linearity and noise figure (NF) using 90-nm CMOS technology are demonstrated in this paper, employing parasitic-insensitive linearization topologies, i.e., cascode and common source, for comparative purposes. To improve the linearity without deteriorating the NF, the 54-69-GHz cascode LNA is linearized by the body-biased post-distortion, and the 58-65-GHz common-source LNA is linearized by the distributed derivative superposition. Using these parasitic-insensitive linearization methods at millimeter-wave frequency, the cascode LNA can achieve an IIP3 of 11 dBm and an NF of 3.78 dB at 68.5 GHz with a gain of 13.2 dB and 14.4-mW dc power. The common-source LNA has an IIP3 of 0 dBm and an NF of 4.1 dB at 64.5 GHz with a gain of 11.3 dB and 10.8-mW dc power. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed cascode LNA has up to 11-dBm IIP3 performance and the highest figure-of-merit of 156.2, among all reported V-band LNAs.
An Optimization Approach to Controlling Jump Maneuvers for a Quadrupedal Robot

Legged locomotion enables humans and animals to traverse difficult terrain with great agility. Their skills to overcome large obstacles are impressive and superior to those of stateof-the-art legged robots. Our motivation is therefore to develop novel control methods for quadrupedal robots to increase their performance in this regard. More precisely, we seek for motor skills for the quadruped robot StarlETH [1] to enable various jump maneuvers. Our aim is to develop a generic framework to create various jumps like a vertical, long or a spin jump.
Title: Human Cortical and Behavioral Sensitivity to Patterns of Complex Motion at Running Title: Complex Motion Perception Author Contributions: Rtm and Cwgc Designed Research, Rtm, Tlw and Cwgc

18 Complex patterns of image motion (contracting, expanding, rotating and spiralling fields) are 19 important in the coordination of visually-guided behaviors. While specialized detectors in 20 monkey visual cortex show selectivity for particular patterns of complex motion, their 21 representation in human visual cortex remains unclear. Here, functional magnetic resonance 22 imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the sensitivity of functionally-defined regions of 23 human visual cortex to parametrically-modulated complex motion trajectories, coupled with 24 complementary psychophysical testing. A unique stimulus design made it possible to 25 disambiguate the neural responses and psychophysical sensitivity to complex motions per se 26 from the distribution of local motions relative to the fovea, which are known to enhance 27 cortical activity when presented radial to fixation. This involved presenting several small, 28 separate motion fields in the periphery in a manner that distinguished them from global optic 29 flow patterns. The patterns were morphed through complex motion space in a systematic 30 time-locked fashion when presented in the scanner. Anisotropies were observed in the fMRI 31 signal, marked by an enhanced response to expanding vs. contracting fields, even in early 32 visual cortex. Anisotropies in the psychophysical sensitivity measures followed a similar 33 pattern that was correlated with activity in areas hV4, V5/MT and MST. This represents the 34 first systematic examination of complex motion perception at both a behavioral and neural 35 level in human observers. The characteristic processing anisotropy revealed in both datasets 36 can inform models of complex motion processing, particularly with respect to computations 37 performed in early visual cortex.
Production of Collective Action in Alliance-Based Interorganizational Communication and Information Systems

This article presents a public goods-based theory that describes the process of producing multifirm, alliance-based, interorganizational communication and information public goods. These goods offer participants in alliances collective benefits that are (a) nonexcludable, in that they are available to all alliance partners whether or not they have contributed, and (b) jointly supplied, in that partners' uses of the good are noncompeting. Two generic types of goods produced are connectivity, the ability of partners to directly communicate with each other through the information and communication system, and communality, the availability of a commonly accessible pool of information to alliance partners. Four types of alliances that can produce these goods are identified: (a) precompetitive, (b) competitive, (c) joint value creation, and (d) value chain. The article examines a variety of factors that influence the production of alliancebased connective and communal goods. Twenty-three integrated propositions are presented. The article concludes with an example of the application of the theoretical model to research on connectivity and communality provided through an alliancebased interorganizational communication and information system linking more than 50 alliance partners.
Diverse Functions of Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The spindle assembly checkpoint regulates the metaphase-to-anaphase transition from yeast to humans. We examined the genetic interactions with four spindle assembly checkpoint genes to identify nonessential genes involved in chromosome segregation, to identify the individual roles of the spindle assembly checkpoint genes within the checkpoint, and to reveal potential complexity that may exist. We used synthetic genetic array (SGA) analysis using spindle assembly checkpoint mutants mad1, mad2, mad3, and bub3. We found 228 synthetic interactions with the four spindle assembly checkpoint mutants with substantial overlap in the spectrum of interactions between mad1, mad2, and bub3. In contrast, there were many synthetic interactions that were common to mad1, mad2, and bub3 that were not shared by mad3. We found shared interactions between pairs of spindle assembly checkpoint mutants, suggesting additional complexity within the checkpoint and unique interactions for all of the spindle assembly checkpoint genes. We show that most genes in the interaction network, including ones with unique interactions, affect chromosome transmission or microtubule function, suggesting that the complexity of interactions reflects diverse roles for the checkpoint genes within the checkpoint. Our analysis expands our understanding of the spindle assembly checkpoint and identifies new candidate genes with possible roles in chromosome transmission and mitotic spindle function.