Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey On Botnet Detection Approaches In Peer-To-Peer Network

Peer-to-peer network is a decentralized and distributed network where an individual nodes in the network performs as both providers and consumers of resources. This type of network is different from centralized network. In the centralized network, the client requests queries for accessing resources to the central servers. Malware is a harmful effect in the peer-to-peer networks. In the peer-to-peer network, a new type of malware which is called bots has arisen. Bots are distinctive in that they cooperatively preserve communication structures across nodes to robustly distribute commands from a command and control (C&C) node. The capability to organize and upload new commands to bots provides the botnet owner vast power when performing illegal activities, which contains the ability to organize surveillance attacks, execute DDoS extortion, distribution of spam for pay, and phishing. It is very significant for detecting botnets in the peer-to-peer network. In this survey to analyze different methods of detecting peer-to-peer botnets. BotMiner is one of the detection methods in which a group of hosts as bots belonging to the same botnet if they distribute comparable communication patterns. But this detection method is ineffective and there is restricted in scalability. BotGrep is a detection method which analyzes the network flows composed over multiple large networks by analyzing the communication graph formed by overlay networks. In the following survey to analyze different botnet detection methods to improve the detection accuracy in the peer-to-peer network.
Inference with Aggregation Parfactors: Lifted Elimination with First-Order d-Separation

In this paper we focus on lifted inference for statistical relational models, that is, inference that avoids complete grounding, in models that combine logical and probabilistic assertions. We focus on relational Bayesian networks that can be represented through par factors and aggregation par factors. We present a new elimination rule for lifted variable elimination, and show how to use first-order d-separation to extend the reach of existing elimination rules.
PCA in Data-Dependent Noise (Correlated-PCA): Nearly Optimal Finite Sample Guarantees

We study Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in a setting where a part of the corrupting noise is data-dependent and, hence, the noise and the true data are correlated. Under a bounded-ness assumption on both the true data and noise, and a few assumptions on the data-noise correlation, we obtain a sample complexity bound for the most common PCA solution, singular value decomposition (SVD). This bound, which is within a logarithmic factor of the best achievable, significantly improves upon our bound from recent work (NIPS 2016) where we first studied this "correlated-PCA" problem.
Localized Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defects Detected by Optical Coherence Tomography: The Beijing Eye Study

Objective To assess the prevalence of localized retinal nerve fiber layer defects (LRNFLD) and associated factors in adult Chinese. Methods The population-based Beijing Eye Study 2011 included 3468 individuals (mean age: 64.6±9.8 years (range: 50–93 years)). The study participants underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SpectralisR-OCT) assisted measurement of the RNFL. A LRNFLD was defined as a sector in which the RNFL contour line dipped into the red zone for a length of <180°. Results Readable OCT images were available for 3242 (93.5%) subjects. LRNFLDs were detected in 640 eyes (9.9±0.4%) of 479 subjects (14.8±0.6%). In the age groups of 50–59 years, 60–69 years, 70–79 years, and 80+ years, the prevalence of LRNFLD per person increased from 9.9±0.9%, 11.6±1.0% and 20.6±1.4% to 33.0±3.2%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, prevalence of LRNFLDs was significantly associated with older age (P = 0.001; Odds Ratio (OR): 1.03; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.01,1.05), myopic refractive error (P<0.001;OR:0.79;95%CI:0.74,0.85), larger beta zone of parapapillary atrophy (P<0.001; OR:1.34;95%CI:1.20,1.50), presence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (P<0.001;OR:7.02;95%CI:3.87,12.7), presence of non-glaucomatous optic nerve damage (P = 0.001;OR:43.3;95%CI:8.24,227.1), and presence of diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.003;OR:2.79;95%CI:1.43,5.44). Conclusions OCT-defined LRNFLDs were present in a prevalence of 14.8±0.6% in a population-based study sample of subjects aged 50+ years. Prevalence of LRNFLDs increased with higher age, myopic refractive error, and larger parapapillary beta zone. Major ocular diseases associated with LRNFLs were glaucoma, non-glaucomatous optic nerve damage and diabetic retinopathy. These data may be helpful for a semiautomatic assessment of the RNFL.
Bioenergy from the Swedish forest sector

As a response to policy requirements to improve energy security, and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the use of bioenergy in Sweden has more than doubled since 1980. In 2008 bioenergy use in Sweden amounted to 108 TWh, or 18% of the total supply of primary energy. Nearly all of this bioenergy supply originates from the domestic forest sector. There is still a desire from policy makers to continuously increase the use of renewable energy. Further increases in demand for forest based bioenergy â€“ either as an effect of direct subsidies, renewable energy supply targets, rising fossil fuel prices, or increasing costs for carbon emissions â€“ could, however, lead to implications for the availability of raw materials and costs, for the wood processing industries. A static partial equilibrium model of the Swedish forest sector â€“ based on the EFI-GTM model structure â€“ is developed to derive supply cost curves for further increases in the use of bioenergy from the forest sector in Sweden. In addition, the implications of increased use of forest based bioenergy on the traditional wood processing industries are analyzed. Model simulations indicate that the cost â€“ in terms of losses in producer and consumer surplus â€“ of an increase in the use of forest based bioenergy by 5 TWh/year in Sweden is 30 million SEK/year, while a 30 TWh/year increase would cost 620 million SEK/year. The marginal cost of increased use is estimated to be 0.011 SEK/kWh at 5 TWh/year, rising to 0.044 SEK/kWh at 30 TWh/year. The costs of reaching a target for increased forest based bioenergy use are highly dependent on the availability of pulpwood imports. An import restriction â€“ requiring the target to be reached through domestic resources only â€“ would increase the costs by up to five times above the unrestricted case. Policy driven increases in the demand for forest based bioenergy will have considerable effects on wood board producers, while the implications for pulp and paper producers, and sawn goods producers, are relatively small; at least as long as the increase in forest based wood fuels is less than 20 TWh/year.
The effect of attentional set-shifting, working memory, and processing speed on pragmatic language functioning in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is traditionally associated with motor symptoms. However, impairments in language functioning may also accompany this disorder. The present study investigated pragmatic language deficits in PD and their relationship to cognitive functioning. Forty patients with PD were compared to age- and IQ-matched controls on measures of pragmatic language functioning using the Test of Language Competence–Expanded (TLC-E), and measures of attentional set-shifting, working memory, and processing speed. Overall, PD patients were impaired on aspects of language, working memory, and processing speed. Measures of cognition were significantly correlated with pragmatic language functioning. Path analyses revealed that deficits in pragmatic language functioning were mediated by verbal working memory and processing speed, but not attentional set-shifting. Regression analyses found that processing speed was a stronger determiner of pragmatic language performance than verbal working memory. Results suggest that pragmatic language deficits may be explained in terms of deficits in processing speed associated with the disease.
Towards a Human-Friendly Melody Characterization by Automatically Induced Rules

There is an increasing interest in music information retrieval for reference, motive, or thumbnail extraction from a piece in order to have a compact and representative representation of the information to be retrieved. One of the main references for music is its melody. In a practical environment of symbolic format collections the information can be found in standard MIDI file format, structured as a number of tracks, usually one of them containing the melodic line, while the others contain the accompaniment. The goal of this work is to analyse how statistical rules can be used to characterize a melody in such a way that one can understand the solution of an automatic system for selecting the track containing the melody in such files.
Robust Dynamic Parameter-Dependent Output Feedback Control of Uncertain Parameter-Dependent State-Delayed Systems

In this paper, we investigate the problem of robust dynamic parameter-dependent output feedback (RDP-DOF) stabilization under H∞ performance index for a class of linear time invariant parameter-dependent (LTIPD) systems with multi-time delays in the state vector and in the presence of normbounded non-linear uncertainties. Using Hamiltonian–Jacobi–Isaac (HJI) method and the idea of polynomial parameter-dependent quadratic (PPDQ) Lyapunov–Krasovskii functions, a new sufficient condition is derived to ensure robust asymptotic stability and robust disturbance attenuation of the closed-loop system. Finally, an example is included that demonstrates the application of the results.
Barra: A Parallel Functional Simulator for GPGPU

We present Barra, a simulator of Graphics Processing Units (GPU) tuned for general purpose processing (GPGPU). It is based on the UNISIM framework and it simulates the native instruction set of the Tesla architecture at the functional level. The inputs are CUDA executables produced by NVIDIA tools. No alterations are needed to perform simulations. As it uses parallelism, Barra generates detailed statistics on executions in about the time needed by CUDA to operate in emulation mode. We use it to understand and explore the micro-architecture design spaces of GPUs.
Patterns of remnant discrete symmetries

We analyze patterns of remnant discrete symmetries that arise from U(1)^N theories by spontaneous breaking. We describe a simple, geometrical way to understand these patterns and provide methods for identifying the discrete symmetries and bringing them to the simplest possible form. Applications in GUT and string model building are briefly discussed.
Many-core compiler fuzzing

We address the compiler correctness problem for many-core systems through novel applications of fuzz testing to OpenCL compilers. Focusing on two methods from prior work, random differential testing and testing via equivalence modulo inputs (EMI), we present several strategies for random generation of deterministic, communicating OpenCL kernels, and an injection mechanism that allows EMI testing to be applied to kernels that otherwise exhibit little or no dynamically-dead code. We use these methods to conduct a large, controlled testing campaign with respect to 21 OpenCL (device, compiler) configurations, covering a range of CPU, GPU, accelerator, FPGA and emulator implementations. Our study provides independent validation of claims in prior work related to the effectiveness of random differential testing and EMI testing, proposes novel methods for lifting these techniques to the many-core setting and reveals a significant number of OpenCL compiler bugs in commercial implementations.
Intelligent water drops based joint subcarrier pairing and power allocation with fairness in cooperative relay networks

In this paper, we propose a joint subcarrier pairing and power allocation (JS2PA) scheme with fairness based on the intelligent water drop (IWD) optimization method for orthogonal frequency division multiple access cooperative relay networks. The proposed scheme consists of a subcarrier pairing and selection al- gorithm and a power allocation algorithm. We first formulate the JS2PA problem as a mixed integer programming problem aiming to maximize the total network utility under the constraints of in- dividual power, subcarrier fairness requirement and pairing. To solve the non-convex JS2PA problem, firstly, we propose a subcar- rier pairing and selection algorithm based on Hungarian method so as to select the appropriate subcarrier pairs for relaying. Sec- ondly, we provide a power allocation algorithm based on the IWD method in which water drops act as the agents to find the optimal power allocation for each node. In particular, to improve the opti- mality of power allocation, we integrate network utility and power requirement into heuristic function to measure the desirability of the IWD selecting the next visiting node. Finally, we conduct sim- ulations to validate the proposed algorithms and the results show that the proposed JS2PA scheme outperforms the existing methods in terms of convergence, total network utility and fairness.
Lactococcal proteinase maturation protein PrtM is a lipoprotein

The production of enzymatically active proteinase by lactococci requires the joint presence of a proteinase gene, prtP, and a gene encoding a maturation protein, prtM. A 32-kDa protein produced by Escherichia coli upon expression of the prtM gene under the direction of the T7 RNA polymerase promoter was purified and used to obtain PrtM-specific antibodies. With these antibodies, immunogold labeling of lactococcal cells revealed that PrtM was associated with the lactococcal cell envelope. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of whole lactococcal cells and isolated membrane vesicles indicated that PrtM was a membrane-associated protein. Radiolabeling of Lactococcus lactis with [3H]palmitic acid showed that PrtM was a lipoprotein. Partial secretion of PrtM into the culture medium was observed after Cys-24, the target residue for lipid modification, was replaced by an Ala residue by means of site-directed mutagenesis. This mutation did not affect proteinase activity.
Integrated Framework of Agile and CMMI: An Alternative Path towards Product Focused SPI for Small Companies

—Developing quality software product is a challenging activity and yet necessary asset for most software companies especially small and medium size companies. For a Software process improvement (SPI) activity to be effective in such companies, the day to day product-focused activities needs to align with SPI activity. Different process maturity models have been developed, among them the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is the most widely used process maturity framework. However, it is considered difficult to implement for small and medium companies due to various reasons related with its difficulty and financial requirement. On the other hand, the recent software development approach is being directed towards application of agile software development methodologies. But some difficulties have also been reported regarding agile methods limitations of long term and continues guide to process improvement. Researches findings and experience reports demonstrated that, combination of agile methods and CMMI has advantages where most of which can be considered as a solution to problems associated with implementing process maturity activities in immature companies.
Simultaneous Inversion of Source Parameters and Attenuation Factor Using Genetic Algorithms

A method to determine the spectral parameters, spectral level Ω 0 , corner frequency f 0 , and attenuation factor Q , using a genetic algorithm (ga), is presented. An adequate strategy for the ga was chosen by means of the 2D Ackley function. For modeling the seismic spectrum, a Boatwright source model and an attenuation factor independent of the frequency were used. Several objective functions are tested, and the best was found to be the L2 norm of the log difference between the observed and modeled spectra. To check the accuracy of the method, some tests with synthetic spectra were made, including spectra with noise. Real data, which have been already studied with other spectral methods, were analyzed to compare the results. The spectral parameters of 13 earthquakes (Granada, southern Spain) were calculated, as well as its source parameters: the seismic moment M 0 , the source radius r , and the stress drop Δ σ , following Brune’s model. The seismic moments ranged from 3.65E + 17 to 9.98E + 18 dyne cm; the radii were between 0.08 and 0.2 km, and the static stress drops ranged from 0.32 to 1.73 bars. The attenuation factors ranged from 53 to 726, with an averaged value of 303. The results obtained are similar to those obtained by other researchers working with events of comparable magnitudes in the region.
Odia Braille: Text transcription via image processing

Braille-a model introduced to reduce the illiteracy rate among the visually challenged people. There has been a lot of scope for the conversion of English language to Braille but, the problem arises when the masses are unable to understand the communication by the visually challenged people. This paper focuses on the conversion of the Braille code representing Odia language(a language widely spoken in East India) into Odia word as text. For this, image processing using MATLAB technique provides a suitable platform to perform the segmentation of Braille cell for pattern selection and hence, Odia letter and word recognition. Braille Data Base creation acts as a storage system for the process and its accuracy is also tested which is explained in this paper.
256x256 CMOS ACTIVE PIXEL SENSOR CAMERA-ON-A-CHIP

of the image sensor with circuitry for both driving the image sensor and becoming increasingly important. A high degree of electronics integration on the focal-plane can enable miniaturization of instrument systems and simplify system interfaces. In addition to good imaging performance with high quantum efficiency, low noise, no lag, no smear and good blooming control, it is desirable to have random access, simple clocks, low system power, simple power supplies and fast read out rates. The imaging chip described in this paper has demonstrated many of these capabilities and represents an important development in realizing a complete camera system on a single chill.
Euclid, Padé and Lanczos, another golden braid

We describe how the Euclidean algorithm can be interpreted as a method to solve Pad e approximation problems in a table with singular blocks and minimal partial realization problems of linear system theory. Its recursive structure also relates it to continued fraction expansions of formal series and generalizations of three term recurrence relations of formal (block) orthogonal polynomials. Hence, it can also be considered as a fast Gram-Schmidt procedure for orthogonalization with respect to an indeenite Gram matrix with Hankel structure and a fast Hankel factorizer in triangular factors. Finally, the link with the Lanczos algorithm for nonsymmetric matrices is made. AMS subject classiications. 65F10 41A21 65F25 13F07 93B20 1. Abstraction of the Euclidean algorithm. The Euclidean algorithm is described in the Elements of Euclid, book 7, theorems 1 and 2. The Elements date back to ca 300 BC, but traces of the Euclidean algorithm can be found in the work of other Greek mathematicians 5, p.6] and some even go back to the Babylonian period 1, p.27]. It is certainly one of the oldest nontrivial algorithms and it is still used in many modern applications. The description of the algorithm lies in the proof of the two theorems mentioned before. They deal with, what we now call the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two positive integers. The second theorem considers the case of relative prime numbers with greatest common divisor equal to 1. This is treated separately because, according to the Greek, 1 is not considered as a number. The proof of these theorems has a geometrical avor. Suppose we have two bars, call them L ? 1 and L 0 and let the length of L ? 1 be at least equal to the length of L 0. The problem is to nd a bar of common \unit" length. That is a bar of maximal length such that the length of L ? 1 and L 0 is an integer multiple of the length of the unit bar. The problem was solved as follows: Place L 0 along L ? 1 and cut from L ? 1 a piece exactly as long as L 0. Call L 1 the remaining part of L ? 1. Then we repeat this procedure, placing L 0 along L 1 and cutting oo until L 0 is longer than what remains of L ? 1. Let us call this remainder L k (it is obtained in k steps). Then …
ICT innovation, adoption and diffusion: an exploratory analysis on usage patterns for economic productivity

The rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT) has prompted many nations, developed and developing, to devote scarce resources to building impressive physical infrastructure and formulating range of ICT policies in the hope that such moves would enhance economic development. Most governments in developing countries, including that of Malaysia, tend to hold a firm belief that huge investments in ICT will result in immediate and long term economic payoffs, although a large body of academic literature is ambiguous concerning the economic impact of ICT innovation, adoption and diffusion across the various sectors of the economy. The paper argues that the effective innovation, adaption and diffusion of ICT application for economic productivity is dependent on a number of key factors including pattern of usage, economic and political stability of a country.
EXPERIMENTAL ON-LINE LEARNING FOR A BENCHMARK PROCESS

Three controllers based on neural networks and fuzzy systems are developed and implemented for an experimental benchmark process. They are tested under several conditions in order to assess their learning capabilities. To evaluate their behaviour some performance indexes are used. The experimental results show that this kind of controllers, included in the broader class of intelligent controllers, are promising techniques.
KRDB Research Centre Technical Report : RAW-SYS a Practical Framework for Data-awareBusiness Process Verification

Affiliation 1: FBK-IRST, Via Sommarive 18, 38050 Trento, Italy 2: Free University of Bozen–Bolzano, piazza Università, 1, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Corresponding Sergio Tessaris: tessaris@inf.unibz. it author
Conformism, Public News and Market Efficiency

We study the implications of conformism among analysts in a CARA Gaussian model of the market for a risky asset, where a trader's in- formation is a message sent by an analyst. Conformism increases the weight of the public information in the messages, decreasing their in- formativeness. More precise public information does not always result in more precise messages. A larger precision of the analysts informa- tion does not always make the market more liquid and the price more informative. Conformism creates an overreaction of the price to pub- lic information. Using the price as a public signal does not alter the results.
Poetry mix-up: a poetry generating system for cultural communication

Computer technology has become closely integrated with modern culture, which prompted us to introduce and explore the avenues of integrating aesthetics with technology. With the intention of promoting aesthetic sensibilities generated in poetry, we introduce a poetry generating system called "Poetry Mix-up", which encourages users to experience the creation of a 'remixed' variety of poetry by sending a simple short message (SMS). Based on the topics and the content of the input message, the system creates a new poem by mixing existing poem lines. The preliminary user study shows that Poetry Mix-up could be a new form of social and cultural communication in the digital era.