Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relation of School Structure and Social Environment to Parent Involvement in Elementary Schools

Employing a sample of 122 public elementary schools, the present study used results of parent and student surveys to examine relations among school structure, school population composition, parent involvement, and parent perceptions of school safety, school climate, the school facility, the helpfulness of school staff, the academic instruction, teacher-student relationships, and student recognition. At the individual parent level, characteristics associated with higher participation in school activities included having a child enrolled in the gifted and talented program, a child in the second grade, multiple children enrolled in the public schools, and perceptions of a safe, empowering, and positive school climate. In contrast, characteristics associated with lower parent participation in school activities included being Hispanic, African American, or Asian American; being of lower-socioeconomic status; having a child enrolled in either special education or the English-as-a-second-language program. At the school level, higher parent participation was reported in schools having larger classes and larger student-teacher ratios, and in schools where parents said they were less informed about their children's education and perceived a lower quality of academic instruction and not enough student recognition. Lower parent participation was reported in schools with more student newcomers and with greater percentages of students enrolled in the free and reduced meals program. Results are summarized in relation to past research on parent involvement, with an emphasis on how results reveal possible underlying social-psychological processes of parent involvement, both at the individual and school levels, and their implications for improving parent involvement in public education.
Content based Recommender System on Customer Reviews using Sentiment Classification Algorithms

the paper proposes RecoProd a recommender system which uses sentiment analysis techniques to provide the best products for the customers. The system uses the existing product reviews upon which sentiment classification is carried out. RecoProd consists of an Information Retrieval component which extracts the reviews from the ecommerce websites using the product names as queries. Sentiment Analysis algorithms like Naive Bayes and SVM are used to categorize the reviews and opinion scores are assigned to the reviews. A comparative study on the accuracy of the sentiment analysis algorithms used is also carried out. Aspect based summary of opinions for each product is carried out and visually compared. The products are then clustered and the optimal product along with the recommended products is displayed to the user.
Developmental Expression of Ca2+-Permeable AMPA Receptors Underlies Depolarization-Induced Long-Term Depression at Mossy Fiber–CA3 Pyramid Synapses

Many central excitatory synapses undergo developmental alterations in the molecular and biophysical characteristics of postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors via changes in subunit composition. Concerning AMPA receptors (AMPARs), glutamate receptor 2 subunit (GluR2)-containing, Ca2+-impermeable AMPARs (CI-AMPARs) prevail at synapses between mature principal neurons; however, accumulating evidence indicates that GluR2-lacking, Ca2+-permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs) contribute at these synapses early in development. Here, we used a combination of imaging and electrophysiological recording techniques to investigate potential roles for CP-AMPARs at developing hippocampal mossy fiber–CA3 pyramidal cell (MF–PYR) synapses. We found that transmission at nascent MF–PYR synapses is mediated by a mixed population of CP- and CI-AMPARs as evidenced by polyamine-dependent inwardly rectifying current–voltage (I–V) relationships, and partial philanthotoxin sensitivity of synaptic events. CP-AMPAR expression at MF–PYR synapses is transient, being limited to the first 3 postnatal weeks. Moreover, the expression of CP-AMPARs is regulated by the PDZ (postsynaptic density-95/Discs large/zona occludens-1) domain-containing protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1), because MF–PYR synapses in young PICK1 knock-out mice are philanthotoxin insensitive with linear I–V relationships. Strikingly, MF–PYR transmission via CP-AMPARs is selectively depressed during depolarization-induced long-term depression (DiLTD), a postsynaptic form of MF–PYR plasticity observed only at young MF–PYR synapses. The selective depression of CP-AMPARs during DiLTD was evident as a loss of postsynaptic CP-AMPAR-mediated Ca2+ transients in PYR spines and reduced rectification of MF–PYR synaptic currents. Preferential targeting of CP-AMPARs during DiLTD is further supported by a lack of DiLTD in young PICK1 knock-out mice. Together, these findings indicate that the transient participation of CP-AMPARs at young MF–PYR synapses dictates the developmental window to observe DiLTD.
Turning bias and lateral dominance in a sample of able-bodied and amputee participants

Turning bias is the tendency to turn towards a given direction. Conflicting results from previous studies suggest that a number of factors may influence turning direction. The aim of this study was to determine if biomechanical asymmetries influence turning bias. A total of 100 able-bodied participants, and 30 trans-tibial amputees who, by definition, possess a functional asymmetry, volunteered to participate in the study. The right hand and right foot were significantly dominant for the able-bodied sample. Able-bodied participants showed a significant turning preference towards the left, which was opposite to the dominant hand and foot. The amputees were significantly right-hand dominant and the side of the amputation influenced foot dominance. The amputee sample showed no preferred turning direction. Turning bias indices in the amputee sample were not significantly associated with handedness, footedness, side of amputation, or dominance prior to amputation. The lack of a preferred direction of turn in the amputee sample suggests that biomechanical asymmetries can influence turning bias.
Use of the 2A Peptide for Generation of Multi-Transgenic Pigs through a Single Round of Nuclear Transfer

Multiple genetic modifications in pigs can essentially benefit research on agriculture, human disease and xenotransplantation. Most multi-transgenic pigs have been produced by complex and time-consuming breeding programs using multiple single-transgenic pigs. This study explored the feasibility of producing multi-transgenic pigs using the viral 2A peptide in the light of previous research indicating that it can be utilized for multi-gene transfer in gene therapy and somatic cell reprogramming. A 2A peptide-based double-promoter expression vector that mediated the expression of four fluorescent proteins was constructed and transfected into primary porcine fetal fibroblasts. Cell colonies (54.3%) formed under G418 selection co-expressed the four fluorescent proteins at uniformly high levels. The reconstructed embryos, which were obtained by somatic cell nuclear transfer and confirmed to express the four fluorescent proteins evenly, were transplanted into seven recipient gilts. Eleven piglets were delivered by two gilts, and seven of them co-expressed the four fluorescent proteins at equivalently high levels in various tissues. The fluorescence intensities were directly observed at the nose, hoof and tongue using goggles. The results suggest that the strategy of combining the 2A peptide and double promoters efficiently mediates the co-expression of the four fluorescent proteins in pigs and is hence a promising methodology to generate multi-transgenic pigs by a single nuclear transfer.
The Impact of Banners on Digital Television: The Role of Program Interactivity and Product Involvement

In a sample of 281 respondents, the effect of a noninteractive and a medium-interactive television program on recall and brand attitudes for low- and high-involvement products advertised in banners during these programs was investigated. Medium-interactive programs resulted in less product and brand recall and recognition of brands in embedded banner advertisements, but generated more positive brand attitudes than noninteractive programs. These effects were more outspoken for a high-involvement product than for a low-involvement product. The impact of perceived program interactivity on brand attitude is fully mediated program valence and involvement for low-involvement products, but not for high-involvement products, for which perceived program interactivity had a direct impact on brand attitude.
Sampling variance and distribution of the D′ measure of overall gametic disequilibrium between multiallelic loci

The development of the theory of estimation of gametic disequilibrium for multiallelic systems is particularly necessary, since a large number of the genetic markers available at present are highly polymorphic multiallelic systems. The D′ coefficient is one of the most commonly used measures of the extent of overall disequilibrium between all possible pairs of alleles at two multiallelic loci. Nevertheless, the sampling properties of this measure of overall disequilibrium, are to date, unknown. In this work, we have derived explicit expressions by large‐sample theory to compute the approximate sampling variance of D^′ between pairs of multiallelic loci, when samples of haplotypes are taken from populations. Formulae for calculating the asymptotic sampling variance were checked by Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, the magnitude of the sampling variance of D^′ was investigated under different scenarios of disequilibrium between multiallelic loci. Extensive simulations were also carried out for describing the sampling distribution of D^′, conditioned on the sample size, number of alleles and their frequencies, and disequilibrium components. It was found that the sampling distribution of D^′ generally approaches well the theoretical normal distribution for experimental sample sizes, particularly when loci have many alleles. Disequilibrium data between microsatellite loci of human chromosome 11p are used for illustration. These investigations increase substantially our knowledge about this widely used measure of overall disequilibrium, which is relevant to evaluate disequilibrium between multiallelic loci in populations.
A computational study on the effect of fracture intrusion distance in three‐ and four‐part trochanteric fractures treated with Gamma nail and sliding hip screw

Using finite element analysis, the behaviors of the Gamma nail and the sliding hip screw (SHS) were compared in an osteoporotic bone model for the fixation of three‐ and four‐part trochanteric fractures (31‐A2 in the AO classification, types IV and V in Evans' classification). The size of the medial fragment was varied based on clinical data, and the case of a fractured greater trochanter was also considered. Our results showed that for Evans' type V stabilized with a Gamma nail and for Evans' types IV and V with the SHS, cancellous bone around the lag screw is susceptible to yielding, thus indicating a risk of cut‐out. The volume of bone susceptible to yielding increases with an increase in size of the medial fragment. Conversely, Evans' type IV with a Gamma nail was not predicted to cut out. Our findings suggest that future clinical trials investigating fixation of unstable proximal fractures should include the size of the medial fragment and the integrity of the greater trochanter as covariables and be powered to evaluate whether intramedullary devices are superior to SHSs for Evans' type IV fractures and inferior/equivalent for type V. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:39–45, 2014.
Health Sector Reform, Emotional Exhaustion, and Nursing Burnout: A Retrospective Panel Study in Iran.

BACKGROUND Nursing burnout is affected by various factors, including work overload. Since the inauguration of the Health Sector Evolution Plan (HSEP) in Iran in 2014, government hospitals have been required to provide health services to the public at all levels. This decision, however, has increased the volume of patients admitted to government hospitals. Because nurses are on the front line of health services, they are faced with a greater load of care provision. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate nursing burnout before and after HSEP in Iran, with an emphasis on the differences between government and private hospitals. METHOD This retrospective panel study used Maslach's burnout inventory to evaluate nursing burnout in 371 nurses working in government and private hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, before and 7 months after the health sector reform. Chi-square test and paired t test were used to compare burnout scores. RESULTS The results showed that nursing burnout had changed significantly after HSEP was launched (p = .030). A more detailed assessment found that burnout and emotional exhaustion had both increased significantly in the government-hospital group (ps = .014 and .001, respectively). However, no significant change in burnout was found in the private-hospital group over the same period. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The findings of this study indicate an increase in nursing burnout in government hospitals. An important issue in every health sector reform is nursing resource management, with a focus on burnout. Accordingly, policymakers should consider the work overload situation of nurses and work to prevent increased burnout, especially emotional exhaustion.
Ensemble Statistical and Heuristic Models for Unsupervised Word Alignment

Statistical word alignment models need large amounts of training data while they are weak in small-sized corpora. This paper proposes a new approach of an unsupervised hybrid word alignment technique using an ensemble learning method. This algorithm uses three base alignment models in several rounds to generate alignments. The ensemble algorithm uses a weighed scheme for resampling training data and a voting score to consider aggregated alignments. The underlying alignment algorithms used in this study include IBM Model 1, 2 and a heuristic method based on Dice measurement. Our experimental results show that by this approach, the alignment error rate could be improved by at least 15% for the base alignment models.
A comparison of data-derived and knowledge-based modeling of pronunciation variation

This paper focuses on modeling pronunciation variation in two different ways: data-derived and knowledge-based. The knowledge-based approach consists of using phonological rules to generate variants. The data-derived approach consists of performing phone recognition, followed by various pruning and smoothing methods to alleviate some of the errors in the phone recognition. Using phonological rules led to a small improvement in WER; whereas, using a data-derived approach in which the phone recognition was smoothed using simple decision trees (d-trees) prior to lexicon generation led to a significant improvement compared to the baseline. Furthermore, we found that 10% of variants generated by the phonological rules were also found using phone recognition, and this increased to 23% when the phone recognition output was smoothed by using d-trees. In addition, we propose a metric to measure confusability in the lexicon and we found that employing this confusion metric to prune variants results in roughly the same improvement as using the d-tree method.
Verifiable mobile online social network privacy‐preserving location sharing scheme

With the dramatic growth of smart phones and social network services, location‐based service has become increasingly popular in our daily life, which also brings great privacy leakage about user's location information. Thus, privacy‐preserving location sharing is still a significant problem. In this paper, two models of our scheme are verifiable, supporting location query on homomorphic encrypted ciphertext with searching index and trapdoor. The characteristics of our scheme are that it (1) allows users to share their current location without leaking any location information to the untrusted server; (2) protects users from the cheating of untrusted server's malicious behavior by verifying query result; (3) supports a novel personalized query according to users' classifications of social network friends; (4) the user does not have to be online to make permissions for accessing his shared location, and (5) model 2 does not rely on any trusted third party server to perform any computation. The security analysis shows that it ensures secure location sharing in social scenarios.
Distribution of dopamine D2 receptor mRNAs in the brain and the pituitary of female rainbow trout: An in situ hybridization study

The distribution of D2R (dopamine D2 receptor) mRNAs was studied in the forebrain of maturing female rainbow trout by means of in situ hybridization using a 35S‐labeled riboprobe (810 bp) spanning the third intracytoplasmic loop. A hybridization signal was consistently obtained in the olfactory epithelium, the internal cell layer of the olfactory bulbs, the ventral and dorsal subdivisions of the ventral telencephalon, and most preoptic subdivisions, with the notable exception of the magnocellular preoptic nucleus, and the periventricular regions of the mediobasal hypothalamus, including the posterior tuberculum. In the pituitary, the signal was higher in the pars intermedia than in the proximal and the rostral pars distalis, but no obvious correspondence with a given cell type could be assigned. Labeled cells were also located in the thalamic region, some pretectal nuclei, the optic tectum, and the torus semicircularis. These results provide a morphologic basis for a better understanding on the functions and evolution of the dopaminergic systems in lower vertebrates. J. Comp. Neurol. 458:32–45, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Rhetoric of Professional Educators and the Definition of Public Junior Colleges from 1900 to 1940

The place of the two-year college in the American educational system has been problematic from the beginning. Considering the pattern of development in American education from the Colonial period, this is not surprising. Four-year baccalaureate colleges actually emerged before the system of common schools, particularly high schools, developed. The pattern of secondary schools (comprising academies, various types of seminaries, and Latin, commercial, or English high schools) showed various tendencies over two centuries in terms of their organization and relationships with colleges. By 1900, the relationship between public high schools and colleges was fairly well fixed in practice and, for professionals, as an educational model. When the public two-year junior college emerged in the first decade of the twentieth century, it had to be introduced as a novel and intrusive institution. Much ink was spilled on its definition. Two major appraisals of its role appeared over the first decades of its existence. In one model, it served as an opportunity mechanism allowing access to higher education for those who would otherwise be denied it. The second model arose from a contradictory view that the two-year college was or should be terminal. Because these two views have diametrically different consequences for policies within two-year
IK-Map: An enhanced workspace representation to support inverse kinematics solvers

We present an approach to improve the performance of general purpose inverse kinematics (IK) solvers which are based on iterative gradient descent algorithms. The proposed IK-Map is used to represent the whole workspace of the manipulator through a voxelized data structure, similar to existing approaches, e.g. reachability or capability maps. We extend the reachability map approach by additionally storing reference IK solutions, which can be used to seed iterative IK solvers during online processing. This information can be used to limit the effect of well-known issues with local optimization schemes based on gradient decent methods, such as local minima or constraint violation. We evaluate the approach with a simulated model of ARMAR-4, showing that classical generic Jacobian-based IK solvers can be improved in terms of success rate, performance, and quality of the resulting IK solutions.
Transcription closed and open complex dynamics studies reveal balance between genetic determinants and co-factors

In E. coli, promoter closed and open complexes are key steps in transcription initiation, where magnesium-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes RNA synthesis. However, the exact mechanism of initiation remains to be fully elucidated. Here, using single mRNA detection and dual reporter studies, we show that increased intracellular magnesium concentration affects Plac initiation complex formation resulting in a highly dynamic process over the cell growth phases. Mg2+ regulates transcription transition, which modulates bimodality of mRNA distribution in the exponential phase. We reveal that Mg2+ regulates the size and frequency of the mRNA burst by changing the open complex duration. Moreover, increasing magnesium concentration leads to higher intrinsic and extrinsic noise in the exponential phase. RNAP-Mg2+ interaction simulation reveals critical movements creating a shorter contact distance between aspartic acid residues and Nucleotide Triphosphate residues and increasing electrostatic charges in the active site. Our findings provide unique biophysical insights into the balanced mechanism of genetic determinants and magnesium ion in transcription initiation regulation during cell growth.
Design and development of WebUbu: An innovating web‐based instruction tool for Linux OS courses

In this paper, we introduce the analysis and the design of a new web‐based interactive software tool, called WebUbu, which has been developed to serve the undergraduate students' needs related to Linux Operating System (OS) issues. The aim of this software development was twofold: on the one hand to familiarize students with Ubuntu OS environment and, on the other hand to promote the self‐learning related to this Linux distribution, in the context of everyday OS classrooms. WbUbu software can be used only for interactive demonstration of features of Linux during lectures and to support instructors for evaluation of students' skills in the lab. For other tasks such as long term studying of Linux‐based OS's ‘physical’ Linux must be used. Our software is essentially a website that simulates Ubuntu operating system inside a web browser. Undergraduate students can easily explore both graphical user interface (GUI) and command line of Ubuntu's environment. Additionally, students can ascertain the acquired knowledge through an automated examination process and learn from their mistakes as they shown automatically by the software in real time. Educator can manage students' performances that are stored in a database system and assess the individual's cognitive progress resulting from the software contribution. However, WebUbu will give students the chance for practice and self assessment when they not involved in the University's educational process or ‘physical’ Linux is unavailable. That software intends to complement the existing teaching and learning methods concerning Operating Systems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:313–319, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21706