Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effective ranging techniques in LTE

Effective uplink ranging using Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) enables LTE users to work with a small cyclic prefix overhead even over 3 km to 5 km links. Ranging includes the detection of the preamble index and estimating the timing advancement value. Our works compares two different algorithms for estimating the timing advancement, namely (i) the conventional strongest path approach (SPA) and (ii) the proposed weighted mean approach (WMA). Both approaches use the Neymann Pearson (NP) criteria for the preamble index detection [1]. Simulation results indicate that the proposed WMA is significantly superior to the SPA, especially in large spread channels. The impact of the PRACH transmitter and receive filter order on these two approaches, as well as the adjacent channel interference (ACI) behaviour of these PRACH signals is also discussed in this paper.
The role of staphylococci in subclinical mastitis of cows and lytic phage isolation against to Staphylococcus aureus

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the role of Staphylococcus in the formation of subclinical mastitis in cows and to isolate the phage against isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains. Materials and Methods: In this study, 400 milk cows were screened by California Mastitis Test (CMT) for subclinical mastitis and 235 udders of 96 cows, which were determined to be positive, were evaluated for Staphylococcus. Milk samples were evaluated using conventional and molecular methods. In addition, phage isolation studies were performed against S. aureus strains causing mastitis. Results: At the result of cultural examination, of 235 milk samples that were found as positive for mastitis by CMT, a total of 117 (49.7%) Staphylococcus spp. were isolated as a distribution of 74 (63.24%) coagulase-positive staphylococci and 43 (36.75%) coagulase-negative staphylococci. Of these isolates, 76 (64.95%) were characterized as S. aureus both conventional and molecular techniques. Lytic bacteriophages against two S. aureus strains which were isolated from mastitic milk samples were obtained from wastewater samples. Conclusion: The results of this study show that a significant portion of subclinical mastitis was formed by staphylococci. In addition, phage isolation against S. aureus strains isolated can be considered as one of the steps to be applied in the prophylaxis and treatment of such infections.
Effective rehabilitation of reading by training in the technique of eccentric viewing: evaluation of a 4-year programme of service delivery

Background/aims Central visual loss caused by conditions such as age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the commonest cause of blindness in the UK. Eccentric viewing training aims to teach patients how to utilise the functioning areas of macula or adjacent retina and establish a ‘pseudofovea’. This technique has yet to gain acceptance in the UK despite evidence of success. Subjects with ARMD in Glasgow, UK, have received such training, and the outcome of training for this group is described. Methods Retrospective analysis auditing the outcome of eccentric viewing training to read was carried out in 300 subjects with ARMD. Results The data for 300 patients were reviewed. Fifty-eight subjects were excluded due to incomplete final data. Reading speed, font size, degree of comprehension, duration of reading, and age and number of lessons were recorded before and after training. The mean age was 75.4 (SD 12). The mean number of 1-h lessons required was 3.8 (SD 1.6). The starting mean number of corrected words per min (WPM) reading speed was 48 (SD 35) and this increased to 71.9 (SD 30.5) (p=0.000). The starting Arial font size that could be read fluently was 14.3 (SD 7.6) and this improved to 11.5 (SD 2.4). The starting mean duration of comfortable reading was 1.7 (SD 2.0) min. This increased to 15.8 (SD 14.6) min. The mean percentage of material read that was understood by the patients was 73.7 (SD 36.9)%. This improved to 92.7 (SD 16.2)% (p=0.000). Overall, the majority of patients exhibited improvement in one or more of the vision-related tasks measured. Conclusion Eccentric viewing training is successful in improving the reading ability of individuals with a central scotoma. This paper shows evidence of the success of training provided by the voluntary sector and funded by adult literacy funding. The results are comparable with those reported in the literature.
Genetic divergence between Atlantic and Indo‐Pacific stocks of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and admixture around South Africa

Two mitochondrial DNA segments of the bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of these segments were used for the genetic stock study. The variation in a segment flanking the ATPase and COIII genes was low; only two genotypes (α and β) were detected by RsaI digestion. Yet a large difference in the genotype distribution was observed between ocean basin samples. The α type predominated in four Atlantic samples, where 178 of 244 individuals were the α type. In contrast, only one of 195 individuals collected in the Indo‐Pacific was the α type? The frequency of the α type varied considerably from 0 to 80% among seven samples collected off the Cape of Good Hope. The variation found in the other segment, containing the D‐loop region, was much higher; two endonucleases (DpnII and RsaI) detected five genotypes each and 15 composite genotypes. A highly significant difference in genotype frequencies was observed between the Atlantic and Indo‐Pacific samples, but no heterogeneity was observed among the four Atlantic or among four Indo‐Pacific samples. These results clearly indicate that not only gene flow, but also fish migration, between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans are severely restricted, and that fishes from these distinct stocks are intermingling around South Africa. The simple and diagnostic genetic marker found in this study can be used to estimate mixing ratios between Atlantic and Indian stocks around South Africa.
Regular Consumption of a High-Phytate Diet Reduces the Inhibitory Effect of Phytate on Nonheme-Iron Absorption in Women with Suboptimal Iron Stores.

BACKGROUND High phytate (HP) consumption is a concern in developing countries because of the high prevalence of iron deficiency in these countries. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether habitual consumption of an HP diet reduces the inhibitory effect of phytate on nonheme-iron absorption. METHODS Thirty-two nonanemic females, 18-35 y of age, with normal body mass index but with suboptimal iron stores (serum ferritin, ≤30 μg/L), were matched for serum ferritin concentration and randomly assigned to HP and low-phytate (LP) groups, in a parallel design study. Each subject consumed HP or LP foods with at least 2 of their daily meals for 8 wk, resulting in a change in phytate intake (from 718 to 1190 mg/d in the HP group and 623 to 385 mg/d in the LP group). The serum iron response over 4 h after a test meal containing 350 mg of phytate was measured at baseline and postintervention. Ferritin, transferrin receptor, and hepcidin concentrations were measured at baseline and 8 wk. RESULTS Twenty-eight subjects completed the study (n = 14 per group). The serum iron response to the test meal increased in the HP group at postintervention, resulting in a 41% increase in the area under the curve (AUC; P < 0.0001). However, no effect was observed in the LP group (21% decrease in AUC; P = 0.76). The postintervention serum iron response was lower (P < 0.0001) in the LP group than in the HP group after controlling for the baseline serum iron response and hepcidin concentration, reflecting in a 64% lower AUC. CONCLUSIONS We found that habitual consumption of an HP diet can reduce the negative effect of phytate on nonheme-iron absorption among young women with suboptimal iron stores. Future studies are needed to explore possible mechanisms. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02370940.
Evaluation of incisor position and dental transverse dimensional changes using the Damon system.

OBJECTIVES To test the hypotheses that the Damon system will maintain intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths. To test subsequent hypotheses that the Damon system will not produce a significant difference in maxillary and mandibular incisor position/angulation when compared with control groups treated with conventional fixed orthodontic appliances for similar malocclusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects treated with the Damon system (N = 27) were compared with subjects treated with a conventionally ligated edgewise bracket system (N = 16). Subjects' pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs and dental models were scanned, measured, and compared to see whether significant differences exist between time points and between the two groups. RESULTS Results did not support the claimed lip bumper effect of the Damon system and showed similar patterns of crowding alleviation, including transverse expansion and incisor advancement, in both groups, regardless of the bracket system used. CONCLUSIONS Maxillary and mandibular intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths increased significantly after treatment with the Damon system. The mandibular incisors were significantly advanced and proclined after treatment with the Damon system, contradicting the lip bumper theory of Damon. Posttreatment incisor inclinations did not differ significantly between the Damon group and the control group. Patients treated with the Damon system completed treatment on average 2 months faster than patients treated with a conventionally ligated standard edgewise bracket system.
Comparison the Effect of Fish-Oil and Calcium Supplementation on Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea.

BACKGROUND Primary dysmenorrhea is common among young girls and childbearing women. Dysmenorrhea is a painful contraction of uterus which occurs in the beginning of bleeding or before the menstrual cycle begins. Regarding the mechanism of calcium in response to hormonal change and the role of fish oil on reducing prostaglandins, we compared the effectiveness of fish-oil and calcium supplementation in treating primary dysmenorrheal. METHODS This randomized double-blinded clinical trial was conducted on women aged 18 to 45 years with moderate to severe primary dysmenorrhea symptoms from January 2015 to March 2015. The women were randomly divided to two groups (fish oil and calcium). The drugs were given every day in the first cycle and from 8 days before till 2 days after initiation of menstruation for the second and third cycles. The intensity of pain and other symptoms of dysmenorreha were recorded and data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using T-test and X2 tests. Significant level was considered to be less than 0.05. RESULTS The mean ± SD age of the patients in the fish oil group was 25.0±4.3 and in calcium group was 25.48±6.6 years. According to this result, there was no statistically significant difference in the intensity of pain between fish-oil group and calcium group before and 1 month after the study (P>0.05). However, there was statistically significant difference between fish-oil group and calcium group before the study and 2 months (P=0.001) and 3 months after study (p<0.001). Besides, the fishoil patients needed less analgesic as compared to the calcium patients. CONCLUSION It is concluded that omega-3 is more effective than calcium, what can be justified by pain mechanisms and symptoms pathology in dysmenorrheal.
Anomaly gait classification of Parkinson disease based on ANN

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as classifier for distinguishing gait pattern between normal healthy subjects and Parkinson Disease (PD) patients. Since it has been proven by various researchers that PD patients owned significant gait deviation compared to normal adults, hence this study are conducted and will mainly focused on the basic, kinetic and kinematic measurements of human gait. Initial findings attained confirm that the ANN classifier successfully distinguished gait pattern between normal and PD gait with 81.25%, 81.25% and 84.38% success rate respectively for basic, kinetic and kinematic features solely. In addition, data fusion is performed for both basic and kinetic features, followed by basic and kinematic, kinetic and kinematic and all the three features. It was found that results of accuracy has increased to 87.5% based on data fusion of two or more features.
Division of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry , Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Individual ( Co ) variation in Standard Metabolic Rate , Feeding Rate , and Exploratory Behavior in Wild-Caught Semiaquatic Salamanders

Repeatability is an important concept in evolutionary analyses because it provides information regarding the benefit of repeated measurements and, in most cases, a putative upper limit to heritability estimates. Repeatability (R) of different aspects of energy metabolism and behavior has been demonstrated in a variety of organisms over short and long time intervals. Recent research suggests that consistent individual differences in behavior and energy metabolism might covary. Here we present new data on the repeatability of body mass, standard metabolic rate (SMR), voluntary exploratory behavior, and feeding rate in a semiaquatic salamander and ask whether individual variation in behavioral traits is correlated with individual variation in metabolism on a whole-animal basis and after conditioning on body mass. All measured traits were repeatable, but the repeatability estimates ranged from very high for body mass (R p 0.98), to intermediate for SMR (R p 0.39) and food intake (R p 0.58), to low for exploratory behavior (R p 0.25). Moreover, repeatability estimates for all traits except body mass declined over time (i.e., from 3 to 9 wk), although this pattern could be a consequence of the relatively low sample size used in this study. Despite significant repeatability in all traits, we find little evidence that behaviors are correlated with SMR at the phenotypic and among-individual levels when conditioned on body mass. Specifically, the phenotypic correlations between SMR and exploratory behavior were negative in all trials but significantly so in one trial only. Salamanders in this study showed individual variation in how their exploratory behavior changed across trials (but not body mass, SMR, and feed intake), which might have contributed to observed changing correlations across trials.
Alignment technology for coil movement of Joule Balance

To estimate the misalignment error caused by the horizontal movement of fixed coil in the Joule Balance project, a high precision measuring method based on self-alignment capacitive displacement sensor is proposed to measure the displacement of the Joule Balance in the horizontal direction. Results show that the measurement resolution can reach 1 μm.
Analysis of Views on the Development of Education for Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship Policy in Wales

This paper is concerned with the development of the strategy for Education for Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship (ESDGC) in Wales. It is based on semi-structured interviews with key participants in the policy development process and explores the different drivers, views, approaches and attitudes which led to ESDGC being adopted in its present form. It explores how participants from a variety of organisations with very different aims came together to develop ESDGC and how this fits with various models of constructivist learning, including communities of practice and activity theory. It concludes that there were a range of drivers involved in the process, for instance the Welsh Assembly Government’s constitutional commitment to sustainability, the drive and enthusiasm of key individuals, the sharing and subsequent modification of different perspectives, the influence of research into the views of teachers, and a generally conducive zeitgeist.
ENDOSCOPE‐CONTROLLED MICRONEUROSURGERY TO TREAT MIDDLE FOSSA EPIDERMOID CYSTS: TECHNICAL CASE REPORT

OBJECTIVE To present an alternative technique of endoscope-controlled microneurosurgery for the treatment of middle fossa epidermoid cysts. METHODS The three operations described were performed through an approximately 2-cm diameter temporal craniotomy after a straight skin incision was made. Resection was then performed under the magnification of a 30-degree rigid endoscope, which mandated the use of exclusively conventional microsurgical instruments. RESULTS Total resection was accomplished in all three patients with large middle fossa epidermoid cysts through a small temporal corticectomy, without damage to neurovascular structures. CONCLUSION This procedure allowed the association of a smaller craniotomy, better cosmetic results, and minor retraction of the brain to wide resection of the tumor and satisfactory functional outcomes.
TRP4 (CCE1) Protein Is Part of Native Calcium Release-activated Ca2+-like Channels in Adrenal Cells*

Mammalian TRP proteins have been implicated to function as ion channel subunits responsible for agonist-induced Ca2+ entry. To date, TRP proteins have been extensively studied by heterologous expression giving rise to diverse channel properties and activation mechanisms including store-operated mechanisms. However, the molecular structure and the functional properties of native TRP channels still remain elusive. Here we analyze the properties of TRP4 (CCE1) channels in their native environment and characterize TRP expression patterns and store-operated calcium currents that are endogenous to bovine adrenal cells. We show by Northern blot analysis, immunoblots, and immunohistochemistry thatTRP4 transcripts and TRP4 protein are present in the adrenal cortex but absent in the medulla. Correspondingly, bovine adrenal cortex cells express TRP4 abundantly. The only otherTRP transcript found at considerable levels wasTRP1, whereas TRP2, TRP3, TRP5(CCE2), andTRP6 were not detectable. Depletion of calcium stores with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate or thapsigargin activates store-operated ion channels in adrenal cells. These channels closely resemble calcium release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. Expression of trp4(CCE1) cDNA in antisense orientation significantly reduces both, the endogenous CRAC-like currents and the amount of native TRP4 protein. These results demonstrate that TRP4 contributes essentially to the formation of native CRAC-like channels in adrenal cells.
Spiral scanning: An alternative to conventional raster scanning in high-speed scanning probe microscopes

A spiral scanning method for high-speed Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is described in this paper. In this method, the sample is scanned in a spiral pattern instead of the conventional raster pattern. A spiral scan can be produced by applying single frequency cosine and sine signals with slowly varying amplitudes to the x axis and y axis of an AFM scanner respectively. The use of the single tone input signals allows the scanner to move at high speeds without exciting the mechanical resonance of the device and with relatively small control efforts. These scan methods can be incorporated into most modern AFMs with minimal effort since they can be implemented in software using the existing hardware. Experimental results obtained by implementing this scanning method on a commercial AFM indicate that the obtained images are of a good quality and the profile of the calibration grating is well captured up to scan frequency of 120 Hz with a scanner where the first resonance frequency is 580 Hz.
Lifetime Physical Activity and Breast Cancer: a Case-Control Study in Kelantan, Malaysia.

BACKGROUND Physical inactivity has been identified as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality and is associated with increased breast cancer diagnosis and recurrence. PURPOSE To examine the association between adult lifetime physical activity and breast cancer risk in a case-control analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study involved 122 cases of breast cancer and 121 controls in the state of Kelantan in Malaysia. A comprehensive measure of lifetime physical activity was used to assess occupational, household, and recreational/sports activity. For every type of activity, a metabolic equivalent (MET) score was assigned using the compendium of physical activities. MET-hours/week per year for all types of activities at different levels of intensities for different age groups were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios between various measures of physical activity and breast cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS The mean MET-hours/week per year for all activities were 120.0 and 132.9 of MET-hours/week per year for cases and controls respectively. Household activities accounted for about 70% of the total lifetime physical activities. Only about 2.5% of the total lifetime physical activities were in the form of recreational/sports. This study found no association between lifetime occupational and recreational/sports physical activities with breast cancer risk among Kelantanese women. However, higher intensity lifetime household activities seemed to significantly reduce risk of breast cancer.
SGD for robot motion? The effectiveness of stochastic optimization on a new benchmark for biped locomotion tasks

Trajectory optimization and posture generation are hard problems in robot locomotion, which can be nonconvex and have multiple local optima. Progress on these problems is further hindered by a lack of open benchmarks, since comparisons of different solutions are difficult to make. In this paper we introduce a new benchmark for trajectory optimization and posture generation of legged robots, using a pre-defined scenario, robot and constraints, as well as evaluation criteria. We evaluate state-of-the-art trajectory optimization algorithms based on sequential quadratic programming (SQP) on the benchmark, as well as new stochastic and incremental optimization methods borrowed from the large-scale machine learning literature. Interestingly we show that some of these stochastic and incremental methods, which are based on stochastic gradient descent (SGD), achieve higher success rates than SQP on tough initializations. Inspired by this observation we also propose a new incremental variant of SQP which updates only a random subset of the costs and constraints at each iteration. The algorithm is the best performing in both success rate and convergence speed, improving over SQP by up to 30% in both criteria. The benchmark's resources and a solution evaluation script are made openly available.
Theories, relationships and interprofessionalism: Learning to weave

In this article, we illustrate the application of a number of theoretical frameworks we have used to guide our work in interprofessional education (IPE) and collaborative interprofessional care (IPC). Although we do not claim to be experts in any one of these theories, each has offered important insights that have broadened our understanding of the complexities of interprofessional learning and practice. We have gained an appreciation for an increasing number of theories relevant to IPE and IPC, and, as a result, we have woven together more key principles from different theories to develop activities for all levels of interprofessional learners and clinicians. We pay particular attention to relational competencies, knotworking/idea dominance, targeted tension and situational awareness. We are now drawing on the arts and humanities and complexity theory to foster relationship-building learning. Evaluation of our endeavors will eventually follow these latter theories for methods that better match the human and social experiences that underpin learning. Our “theoretical toolbox” therefore may be of value to educators who develop and implement creative interprofessional learning activities, as well as clinicians interested in moving toward more effective collaboration.