Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Different Thesauri Terms and Captions in Automated Subject Classification

The paper aims to explore to what degree different types of terms in engineering information (Ei) thesaurus and classification scheme influence automated subject classification performance. Preferred terms, their synonyms, broader, narrower, related terms, and captions are examined in combination with a stemmer and a stop-word list. The algorithm comprises string-to-string matching between words in the documents to be classified and words in term lists derived from the Ei thesaurus and classification scheme. The data collection for evaluation consists of some 35000 scientific paper abstracts from the compendex database. A subset of the Ei thesaurus and classification scheme is used, comprising 92 classes at up to five hierarchical levels from general engineering. The results show that preferred terms perform best, whereas captions perform worst. Stemming in most cases shows performance improvement, whereas the stop-word list does not have a significant impact
A Passive I/Q Millimeter-Wave Mixer and Switch in 45-nm CMOS SOI

This paper presents passive integrated circuits for millimeter-wave transmitters and receivers implemented in a 45-nm CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process. The advantages of SOI over bulk CMOS are discussed for millimeter-wave passive circuits. First, a single pole double throw (SPDT) switch demonstrates a measured insertion loss of less than 1.7 dB at 45 GHz and third-order intermodulation intercept point (IIP3) of 18.2 dBm. Second, a double-balanced passive in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) mixer exhibits a conversion loss of 8.35 dB at 44 GHz and IIP3 of 15.5 dBm. At a fixed IF of 200 MHz, the minimum I/Q gain and phase imbalance is 0.25 dB and 1.9°. The passive mixer and SPDT switch results demonstrate a record minimum insertion loss and linearity performance for the passive millimeter-wave circuits.
Inducing an Order–Order Morphological Transition via Chemical Degradation of Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer Nano-Objects

The disulfide-based cyclic monomer, 3-methylidene-1,9-dioxa-5,12,13-trithiacyclopentadecane-2,8-dione (MTC), is statistically copolymerized with 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate to form a range of diblock copolymer nano-objects via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) is employed as the hydrophilic stabilizer block in this aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) formulation, which affords pure spheres, worms or vesicles depending on the target degree of polymerization for the core-forming block. When relatively low levels (<1 mol %) of MTC are incorporated, high monomer conversions (>99%) are achieved and high blocking efficiencies are observed, as judged by 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), respectively. However, the side reactions that are known to occur when cyclic allylic sulfides such as MTC are statistically copolymerized with methacrylic comonomers lead to relatively broad molecular weight distributions. Nevertheless, the worm-like nanoparticles obtained via PISA can be successfully transformed into spherical nanoparticles by addition of excess tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) at pH 8–9. Surprisingly, DLS and TEM studies indicate that the time scale needed for this order–order transition is significantly longer than that required for cleavage of the disulfide bonds located in the worm cores indicated by GPC analysis. This reductive degradation pathway may enable the use of these chemically degradable nanoparticles in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems and responsive biomaterials.
Is It Possible to Increase the Diagnosis Rates of Depression, Anxiety and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders in Emergency Departments: A Prospective Study from Turkey?.

Aim: Psychiatric disorders are common in society, particularly among patients in hospitals and emergency departments. Physicians may overlook psychiatric disorders. Improper diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders may have harmful effects on patients and society. Depression and anxiety may be present in emergency room patients, but prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are unknown. We aimed determine whether it is possible to increase the rates of diagnosis of depression, anxiety disorders and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD), which are common in society, using psychiatric rating scales for patients. Materials and Methods: Sociodemographic data form, Hospital Depression Scale, Patient Satisfaction Survey were administered to randomly selected patients on randomly selected days over a 3-month period. Diagnoses in the hospital records and scale cutoff scores were compared. Results: Depression was identified in 99 patients, anxiety disorder in 21, and ADHD in 11 of 223 patients. With these scales, the diagnosis rates of depression, anxiety, and ADHD increased from 0% to 49%, 25.2%, and 5.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Scales that can be filled out by patients in emergency departments are useful for diagnosing psychiatric disorders. With the help of these scales, with a psychiatric assessment rates of diagnosis and treatment could be increased. We may expect personal, social, and economic improvement with an increase of diagnosis and treatment rates.
Recommender Systems: A GroupLens Perspective

Apparatus for applying labels onto hollow bodies, including a blow mold having a cavity for containing a hollow body, and a member movable toward and away from the mold cavity, the member having an end conforming to the curvature of the cavity and forming a section thereof for carrying a label to be applied to the hollow body during movement of the member toward the cavity. Ventilation openings are provided in the mold for venting any air which may be present between the hollow body and the label during application. Suction openings are provided in the member for securely maintaining the label in place on the member, and pressure openings are also provided in the central portion member to cause the label to bow outwardly, thereby presenting a convex surface to the hollow body.
Bayesian model averaging and model selection for markov equivalence classes of acyclic digraphs

Acyclic digraphs (ADGs) are widely used to describe dependences among variables in multivariate distributions. In particular, the likelihood functions of ADG models admit convenient recursive factorizations that often allow explicit maximum likelihood estimates and that are well suited to building Bayesian networks for expert systems. There may, however, be many ADGs that determine the same dependence (= Markov) model. Thus, the family of all ADGs with a given set of vertices is naturally partitioned into Markov-equivalence classes, each class being associated with a unique statistical model. Statistical procedures, such as model selection or model averaging, that fail to take into account these equivalence classes, may incur substantial computational or other inefficiencies. Recent results have shown that each Markov-equivalence class is uniquely determined by a single chain graph, the essential graph, that is itself Markov-equivalent simultaneously to all ADGs in the equivalence class. Here we propose t.
Several Affinity Tags Commonly Used in Chromatographic Purification

Affinity tags have become powerful tools from basic biological research to structural and functional proteomics. They were widely used to facilitate the purification and detection of proteins of interest, as well as the separation of protein complexes. Here, we mainly discuss the benefits and drawbacks of several affinity or epitope tags frequently used, including hexahistidine tag, FLAG tag, Strep II tag, streptavidin-binding peptide (SBP) tag, calmodulin-binding peptide (CBP), glutathione S-transferase (GST), maltose-binding protein (MBP), S-tag, HA tag, and c-Myc tag. In some cases, a large-size affinity tag, such as GST or MBP, can significantly impact on the structure and biological activity of the fusion partner protein. So it is usually necessary to excise the tag by protease. The most commonly used endopeptidases are enterokinase, factor Xa, thrombin, tobacco etch virus, and human rhinovirus 3C protease. The proteolysis features of these proteases are described in order to provide a general guidance on the proteolytic removal of the affinity tags.
Experimental demonstration of a PCE for Wavelength-Routed Optical Burst-Switched (WR-OBS) networks

Despite what the name may suggest, Wavelength-Routed Optical Burst-Switched networks (WR-OBS) are in fact highly dynamic optical circuit-switched networks, where requests for lightpath establishment are triggered by the arrival of data at the edge routers. While a WR-OBS, like any other wavelength-routed network, can benefit from the Path Computation Element (PCE) technology for route calculations, its high dynamism requires the introduction of a number of upgrades and extensions on the PCE and on its associated protocol (PCEP). Thus, we have designed, implemented and experimentally validated a novel PCE architecture for fast circuit-switched networks, like WR-OBS. Therefore, we discuss the key challenges when implementing a PCE for such a highly dynamic network, as well as the PCEP extensions required. Since PCEP runs on top of the TCP protocol, we also analyze the impact of the combination of two TCP features -delayed acknowledgment and the Nagle algorithm- on the performance of the PCEP protocol. Furthermore, we describe the implementation of an emulated experimental setup to validate and evaluate the performance of the new PCE architecture, and demonstrate its feasibility.
On the Trade-Off Between Security and Energy Efficiency in Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio

Cooperative spectrum sensing is envisaged to increase reliability in cognitive radio networks. Several users cooperate to detect the availability of a wireless channel. In this framework, some malicious users may affect the decisions taken by the cognitive users by providing false information, introducing spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF). In this paper, the effect of multiple malicious users on the energy efficiency of a cognitive radio network is given. A low-overhead security protocol is proposed to address SSDF attacks under a trade-off between energy efficiency and security. An analytical study is provided to set the optimal number of security bits required to maximize energy efficiency. Simulation results show a considerable improvement on the achievable energy efficiency, and the optimal number of bits explicitly depends on the selected fusion rule, the number of malicious users and the number of legitimate users.
Quantitative Single-Cell-Reverse Transcription-PCR Demonstrates That A-Current Magnitude Varies as a Linear Function ofshal Gene Expression in Identified Stomatogastric Neurons

Different Shaker family α-subunit genes generate distinct voltage-dependent K+ currents when expressed in heterologous expression systems. Thus it generally is believed that diverse neuronal K+ current phenotypes arise, in part, from differences in Shaker family gene expression among neurons. It is difficult to evaluate the extent to which differential Shaker family gene expression contributes to endogenous K+ current diversity, because the specific Shaker family gene or genes responsible for a given K+ current are still unknown for nearly all adult neurons. In this paper we explore the role of differential Shaker family gene expression in creating transient K+ current (IA) diversity in the 14-neuron pyloric network of the spiny lobster,Panulirus interruptus. We used two-electrode voltage clamp to characterize the somatic IA in each of the six different cell types of the pyloric network. The size, voltage-dependent properties, and kinetic properties of the somaticIA vary significantly among pyloric neurons such that the somatic IA is unique in each pyloric cell type. Comparing these currents with theIAs obtained from oocytes injected withPanulirus shaker and shal cRNA (lobsterIshaker and lobsterIshal, respectively) reveals that the pyloric cell IAs more closely resemble lobster Ishal than lobsterIshaker. Using a novel, quantitative single-cell-reverse transcription-PCR method to count the number of shal transcripts in individual identified pyloric neurons, we found that the size of the somaticIA varies linearly with the number of endogenous shal transcripts. These data suggest that theshal gene contributes substantially to the peak somaticIA in all neurons of the pyloric network.
Technical Perspectives on Knowledge Management in Bioinformatics Workflow Systems

Workflow systems by it’s nature can help bioin-formaticians to plan for their experiments, store, capture and analysis of the runtime generated data. On the other hand, the life science research usually produces new knowledge at an increasing speed; Knowledge such as papers, databases and other systems knowledge that a researcher needs to deal with is actually a complex task that needs much of efforts and time. Thus the management of knowledge is therefore an important issue for life scientists. Approaches has been developed to organize biological knowledge sources and to record provenance knowledge of an experiment into a readily resource are presently being carried out. This article focuses on the knowledge management of in silico experimentation in bioinformatics workflow systems.
Determinants of Plant Community Assembly in a Mosaic of Landscape Units in Central Amazonia: Ecological and Phylogenetic Perspectives

The Amazon harbours one of the richest ecosystems on Earth. Such diversity is likely to be promoted by plant specialization, associated with the occurrence of a mosaic of landscape units. Here, we integrate ecological and phylogenetic data at different spatial scales to assess the importance of habitat specialization in driving compositional and phylogenetic variation across the Amazonian forest. To do so, we evaluated patterns of floristic dissimilarity and phylogenetic turnover, habitat association and phylogenetic structure in three different landscape units occurring in terra firme (Hilly and Terrace) and flooded forests (Igapó). We established two 1-ha tree plots in each of these landscape units at the Caparú Biological Station, SW Colombia, and measured edaphic, topographic and light variables. At large spatial scales, terra firme forests exhibited higher levels of species diversity and phylodiversity than flooded forests. These two types of forests showed conspicuous differences in species and phylogenetic composition, suggesting that environmental sorting due to flood is important, and can go beyond the species level. At a local level, landscape units showed floristic divergence, driven both by geographical distance and by edaphic specialization. In terms of phylogenetic structure, Igapó forests showed phylogenetic clustering, whereas Hilly and Terrace forests showed phylogenetic evenness. Within plots, however, local communities did not show any particular trend. Overall, our findings suggest that flooded forests, characterized by stressful environments, impose limits to species occurrence, whereas terra firme forests, more environmentally heterogeneous, are likely to provide a wider range of ecological conditions and therefore to bear higher diversity. Thus, Amazonia should be considered as a mosaic of landscape units, where the strength of habitat association depends upon their environmental properties.
Effects of Cooling on the Propagation of Magnetized Jets

We present multidimensional simulations of magnetized radiative jets appropriate to young stellar objects (YSOs). Magnetized jets subject to collisionally excited radiative losses have not, as yet, received extensive scrutiny. The purpose of this Letter is to articulate the propagation dynamics of radiative MHD jets in the context of the extensive jet literature. Most importantly, we look for morphological and kinematic diagnostics that may distinguish hydrodynamic protostellar jets from their magnetically dominated cousins. Our simulations are axisymmetric (2.5 dimensions). A toroidal (Bϕ) field geometry is used. Our models have high sonic Mach numbers (Ms ≈ 10) but lower fast-mode Mach number (Mf ≈ 5). This is approximately the case for jets formed via disk-wind or X-wind models—currently the consensus choice for launching and collimating YSO jets. Time-dependent radiative losses are included via a coronal cooling curve. Our results demonstrate that the morphology and propagation characteristics of strongly magnetized radiative jets can differ significantly from jets with weak fields. In particular, the formation of nose cones via postshock hoop stresses leads to narrow bow shocks and enhanced bow shock speeds. In addition, the hoop stresses produce strong shocks in the jet beam, which contrasts with the relatively unperturbed beam in radiative hydrodynamic jets. Our simulations show that pinch modes produced by magnetic tension can strongly affect magnetized protostellar jets. These differences may be useful in observational studies designed to distinguish between competing jet collimation scenarios.
Base liberation and concomitant reactions in irradiated DNA solutions.

SummaryIrradiation of aqueous solutions of DNA causes liberation of free nucleobases and of compounds which behave chromatographically like nucleosides. These components can be separated from irradiated DNA by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. Their amount increases linearly with dose, resulting in a G-value of 0·16 to 0·18. Further separation of the liberated products by ion-exchange chromatography on Dowex 50 × 4 and by thin-layer chromatography on cellulose plates shows that about 60 per cent of the liberated material consists of nucleosides, part of which carries a damaged sugar molecule. Different methods used to determine the formation of malonic dialdehyde in irradiated DNA lead to the conclusion that this type of sugar damage does not contribute very much to the breakage of the DNA backbone. Several mechanisms leading to single strand breaks in DNA are discussed.
Drivers of the dynamics of diazotrophs and denitrifiers in North Sea bottom waters and sediments

The fixation of dinitrogen (N2) and denitrification are two opposite processes in the nitrogen cycle. The former transfers atmospheric dinitrogen gas into bound nitrogen in the biosphere, while the latter returns this bound nitrogen back to atmospheric dinitrogen. It is unclear whether or not these processes are intimately connected in any microbial ecosystem or that they are spatially and/or temporally separated. Here, we measured seafloor nitrogen fixation and denitrification as well as pelagic nitrogen fixation by using the stable isotope technique. Alongside, we measured the diversity, abundance, and activity of nitrogen-fixing and denitrifying microorganisms at three stations in the southern North Sea. Nitrogen fixation ranged from undetectable to 2.4 nmol N L−1 d−1 and from undetectable to 8.2 nmol N g−1 d−1 in the water column and seafloor, respectively. The highest rates were measured in August at Doggersbank, both for the water column and for the seafloor. Denitrification ranged from 1.7 to 208.8 μmol m−2 d−1 and the highest rates were measured in May at the Oyster Grounds. DNA sequence analysis showed sequences of nifH, a structural gene for nitrogenase, related to sequences from anaerobic sulfur/iron reducers and sulfate reducers. Sequences of the structural gene for nitrite reductase, nirS, were related to environmental clones from marine sediments. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) data revealed the highest abundance of nifH and nirS genes at the Oyster Grounds. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) data revealed the highest nifH expression at Doggersbank and the highest nirS expression at the Oyster Grounds. The distribution of the diazotrophic and denitrifying communities seems to be subject to different selecting factors, leading to spatial and temporal separation of nitrogen fixation and denitrification. These selecting factors include temperature, organic matter availability, and oxygen concentration.
Animal Locomotion Controllers From Scratch

There exists a large body of research devoted to creating real time interactive locomotion controllers which are targeted at some specific class of character, most often humanoid bipeds. Relatively little work, however, has been done on approaches which are applicable to creatures with a wide range of different forms – partially due to the lack of easily obtainable motion‐capture data for animals and fictional creatures. We show how a locomotion controller can be created despite this dearth of data by synthesizing it from scratch. Our method only requires as input a description of the shape of the animal, the gaits which it can perform, and a model of the task or tasks for which the controller will be used. From this a sequence of motion clips are automatically synthesized and assembled into a motion graph which defines a physically realistic controller capable of performing the specified tasks. The method attempts to minimize the computational time required to generate this controller and we show its effectiveness at creating interactive controllers for a range of tasks for bipeds, tripeds, and quadrupeds.
Optimal Portfolios with Defaultable Securities: A Firm Value Approach

Credit risk is an important issue of current research in finance. While there is a lot of work on modeling credit risk, there is only a few works on continuous-time portfolio optimization with defaultable securities. In this paper we solve investment problems with defaultable bonds and stocks. We assume that credit risk is modeled by a firm value model.