Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why Do R&D-Intensive Firms Participate in Standards Organizations? The Role of Patents and Product-Market Position

This paper examines the determinants of participation of R&D-intensive firms in standards development. Using data on R&D spending, patent, and trademark activities of the world's largest corporate R&D investors and their membership of standards organizations, we find a highly robust positive association between a firm's R&D spending and its participation in standards development. However, the causal effect of R&D spending on membership of standards organizations is conditional upon the firm's patent and/or product-market position, and varies across different types of standards organizations. More specifically, a strong patent position amplifies the effect of R&D spending on participation in standards-developing organizations, while a strong product-market position strengthens the impact of R&D spending on participation in the organizations that promote established standards. Finally, we also show that policy changes that increase the value of patents, such as variations in the preferential tax treatment of patent-related revenue, induce R&D-intensive firms to intensify their participation in standards organizations.
Toward real-time and cooperative mobile visual sensing and sharing

Mobile social media enables people to record ongoing physical events they witness and share them instantaneously online. However, since these event pictures are often individually provided, they are typically fragmented and possess high redundancy. Though there have been studies about visual event summarization, they pay little attention to collaborative sensing, subevent detection, and event summary. In this paper, we present several building blocks for a cooperative visual sensing and sharing system. We create a virtual opportunistic community associated with an event, where members collaborate to cover different aspects of the event. More specifically, a crowd-powered approach is first used to localize the event. We then propose three subevent segmentation methods based on crowd-event interaction patterns. Based on the segmentation results, we summarize the event at two levels: multi-facet subevent summary and crowd-behavior-based highlights. Experiments over 21 online datasets and two real world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approaches.
Beamforming for MISO Interference Channels with QoS and RF Energy Transfer

We consider a multiuser multiple-input single-output interference channel where the receivers are characterized by both quality-of-service (QoS) and radio-frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH) constraints. We consider the power splitting RF-EH technique where each receiver divides the received signal into two parts a) for information decoding and b) for battery charging. The minimum required power that supports both the QoS and the RF-EH constraints is formulated as an optimization problem that incorporates the transmitted power and the beamforming design at each transmitter as well as the power splitting ratio at each receiver. We consider both the cases of fixed beamforming and when the beamforming design is incorporated into the optimization problem. For fixed beamforming we study three standard beamforming schemes, the zero-forcing (ZF), the regularized zero-forcing (RZF) and the maximum ratio transmission (MRT); a hybrid scheme, MRT-ZF, comprised of a linear combination of MRT and ZF beamforming is also examined. The optimal solution for ZF beamforming is derived in closed-form, while optimization algorithms based on second-order cone programming are developed for MRT, RZF and MRT-ZF beamforming to solve the problem. In addition, the joint-optimization of beamforming and power allocation is studied using semidefinite programming (SDP) with the aid of rank relaxation.
Kinematics and electron temperatures in the core of OrionA

A map of the core of OrionA, with a 42 00 resolu- tion in the 64 recombination line of hydrogen, covering 5 0 by 5 0 , is presented. The Vlsr distribution shows a complex variation about the center of the ionized gas emission: From =-200 00 to +300 00 , theVlsr varies from -5km s 1 to +2km s 1 then to -4km s 1 , nally rising to +3km s 1 . A search for cold (Te 3000K) ionized gas toward the KL nebula has revealed no measurable differences in Te between this region and other parts of OrionA. The average Te from our data is 8300200K. We nd no signicant difference between Te values determined from radio recombination lines and those determined from for- biddenopticallinesof(OIII),althoughtheTevaluefromBalmer decrement data is markedly lower. The turbulent velocity varies by <5% over the region mapped. On the basis of our 2.45 0 res- olution, high dynamic range 6 cm continuum map, we nd that the emission falls off faster in the East than in the West. We nd support for the model in which OrionA is ionization bounded in the East but density bounded in the West. The ionized gas in the West is flowing in the direction of the Sun, while the more positive Vlsr values in the east may be caused by the flow of ion- ized gas off the foreground Dark Bay. This ionized region may have little ne scale structure, since there is little continuum emission in interferometer maps.
Association between sleep duration and sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults

Abstract Both sleep disorders and sarcopenia are common among older adults. However, little is known about the relationship between these 2 conditions. This study aimed to investigate the possible association between sleep duration and sarcopenia in a population of Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older were recruited. Self-reported sleep duration, anthropometric data, gait speed, and handgrip strength were collected by face-to-face interviews. Sarcopenia was defined according to the recommended algorithm of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). We included 607 participants aged 70.6 ± 6.6 years (range, 60–90 years) in the analyses. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the whole study population was 18.5%. In women, the prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly higher in the short sleep duration group (< 6 hours) and long sleep duration group (>8 hours) compared with women in the normal sleep duration group (6–8 hours; 27.5%, 22.2% and 13.9%, respectively; P = .014). Similar results were found in men; however, the differences between groups were not statistically significant (18.5%, 20.6%, and 13.0%, respectively; P = .356). After adjustments for the potential confounding factors, older women having short sleep duration (OR: 4.34; 95% CI: 1.74–10.85) or having long sleep duration (OR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.05–6.99) had greater risk of sarcopenia compared with women having normal sleep duration. With comparison to men with normal sleep duration, the adjusted OR for sarcopenia was 2.12 (0.96–8.39) in the short sleep duration group and 2.25 (0.88–6.87) in the long sleep duration group, respectively. A U-shape relationship between self-reported sleep duration and sarcopenia was identified in a population of Chinese community-dwelling older adults, especially in women.
An Algebra for Feature-Oriented Software Development

Feature-Oriented Software Development (FOSD) provides a multitude of formalisms, methods, languages, and tools for building variable, customizable, and extensible software. Along di erent lines of research di erent ideas of what a feature is have been developed. Although the existing approaches have similar goals, their representations and formalizations have not been integrated so far into a common framework. We present a feature algebra as a foundation of FOSD. The algebra captures the key ideas and provides a common ground for current and future research in this eld, in which also alternative options can be explored.
Integrating climate change information into long term planning and design for critical water related infrastructure in Windhoek and other African cities

The planning horizon for water infrastructure such as bulk water supply, dams, stormwater and hydraulic structures is typically 25-100 years. It is therefore critical that climate change information is incorporated into the planning and design of these important urban assets. This is particularly relevant for cities in Africa which have a backlog in critical water infrastructure and are experiencing significant growth that in many cases is exceeding the capacity of existing infrastructure. This paper discusses the current practice of assimilating climate information in the infrastructure design process for water related infrastructure describing current design standards and typically used datasets. The city of Windhoek in Namibia is used as a case study to demonstrate how the process of co-exploration of climate change risks can result in research that will be of use to decision makers. This study outlines appropriate parameters and temporal and spatial scales necessary to support the integration of climate change into long term infrastructure planning and design that is applicable to all cites. An example is presented of potential changes in extreme rainfall at the local level to illustrate consequences of not updating design standards with future climate change information.
Advanced visual surveillance using Bayesian networks

Visual surveillance primarily involves the interpretation of image sequences. Advanced visual surveillance goes further and automates the detection of predefined alarm events in a given context. However, it is the intelligent, dynamic scene and event discrimination which lies at the heart of advanced vision systems. Developing a systematic methodology for the design, implementation and integration of such systems is currently a very important research problem. One way of overcoming some of these problems is to build in more knowledge of the scene and tasks. For example, in object detection and tracking in the image, we have demonstrated that it is beneficial to bring scene-based knowledge of expected object trajectories, size and speed into the interpretation process. We have also shown that both scene and task-based knowledge allows for selective processing under attentional control for behavioural evaluation. In addition to this general requirement for integration of information in advanced visual surveillance, we have adopted more specific requirements. A fixed, precalibrated camera model and precomputed ground-plane geometry is used to simplify the interpretation of the scene data in the on-line system. We also adopt a knowledge-based approach in which domain specific models of the dynamic objects, events and behaviour are used to meet the requirement for sensitive and accurate performance. (5 pages)
Multimodal Interactions in Recommender Systems: An Ensembling Approach

In this paper, we present a technique that uses multimodal interactions of users to generate a more accurate list of recommendations optimized for the user. Our approach is a response to the actual scenario on the Web which allows users to interact with the content in different ways, and thus, more information about his preferences can be obtained to improve recommendation. The proposal consists of an ensemble technique that combines rankings generated by unimodal recommenders based on particular interaction types. By using a combination of implicit and explicit feedback from users, we are able to provide better recommendations, as shown by our experimental evaluation presented in this paper.
Competitive intelligence: construct exploration, validation and equivalence

Purpose – Little empirical research has been conducted on competitive intelligence (CI). This paper aims to contribute to the quantitative strand of the CI literature by exploring and validating the theoretical constructs of the CI process.Design/methodology/approach – Data from 601 questionnaires filled out by South African and Flemish exporters were subjected to exploratory factor analysis and construct equivalence analysis between the sub‐samples.Findings – The results showed that the CI process consists of three constructs, while the context in which CI takes place consists of four constructs. This agrees to some extent with the literature. When verifying the constructs for both cultures it was found that all but one CI context construct can be viewed as equivalent in both groups. Bias analysis identified one item in the questionnaire that was biased. Via regression analysis it was also indicated that the context in which CI takes place influences the CI process to a large extent. The research identif.
Bean Counters: The Effect of Soy Tariffs on Change in Republican Vote Share between the 2016 and 2018 Elections

How do trade wars affect voting for the president’s party? President Trump’s aggressive tariffs on China, despite his largely rural electoral support base, provide a unique opportunity to analyze the relationship between international trade policy and domestic support. If trade-related considerations were ever decisive to American voters, the stark decrease in soy prices, a direct effect of Trump-initiated tariffs immediately preceding the 2018 midterm election, serves as a critical test for studying their effect. This article shows a robust inverse relationship between county-level soybean production and the change in Republican vote share between the 2016 and 2018 congressional elections.
Maximizing Network Lifetime in Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) is recently emerged network having robustness. It supports clients to communicate with different types of networks, Internet etc which provides a better service to next generation. It consists of mesh routers and mesh clients. These mesh routers are minimal mobile and mesh clients are totally mobile which operate on batteries. The protocols of Ad hoc networks can be used in WMNs. But in the paper we only consider the routing algorithm with limited battery energy of each mesh clients. To maximize the network lifetime of WMNs, it is essential to prolong each individual node (mobile) life through minimizing the total transmission energy consumption. Therefore, an efficient routing protocol must satisfy that the energy consumption rate at each node is evenly distributed and at the same time the total transmission energy for each request is minimized. To devise a routing protocol meeting the above two conflict objectives simultaneously is very difficult due to the NP hardness of the problem. Instead, an approximation solution is desirable and appreciated. In this paper, we propose a new energy consumption model and a approximation routing algorithm to solve two conflict objectives simultaneous.
Title: Hypoxia-induced changes in SUMO conjugation affect transcriptional regulation under low oxygen. Running title: Hypoxia-induced changes in SUMO conjugation

changes in SUMO affect transcriptional regulation under low Abstract Hypoxia occurs in pathological conditions, such as cancer, as a result of the imbalance between oxygen supply and consumption by proliferating cells. HIFs are critical molecular mediators of the physiological response to hypoxia but also regulate multiple steps of carcinogenesis including tumor progression and metastasis. Recent data support that sumoylation, the covalent attachment of the Small Ubiquitin-related MOdifier (SUMO) to proteins, is involved in the activation of the hypoxic response and the ensuing signaling cascade. To gain insights into differences of the SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 proteome of HeLa cells under normoxia and cells grown for 48 h under hypoxic conditions, we employed endogenous SUMO-immunoprecipitation in combination with quantitative mass spectrometry (SILAC). The group of proteins whose abundance was increased both in the total proteome and in the SUMO IPs from hypoxic conditions was enriched in enzymes linked to the hypoxic response. In contrast, proteins whose SUMOylation status changed without concommitant change in abundance were predominantly transcriptions factors or transcription regulators. Particularly interesting was transcription factor TFAP2a (Activating enhancer binding Protein 2 alpha), whose sumoylation decreased upon hypoxia. TFAP2a is known to interact with HIF-1 and we provide evidence that deSUMOylation of TFAP2a enhances the transcriptional activity of HIF-1 under hypoxic conditions. Overall, these results support the notion that SUMO-regulated signaling pathways contribute at many distinct levels to the cellular response to low oxygen.
Investing in Rural Infrastructure

Infrastructure is best envisioned as services that come from a set of public works, not as physical facilities. In concept, infrastructure can expand rural economies by raising productivity levels, allowing expansion in the use of other resources, and attracting resources. Empirical research evidences that at the margin, the net effect of the three factors is for infrastructure to have only a modest effect on economic performance. Infrastructure investments will normally have their biggest impact in economically integrated and intermediate rural areas. Nonetheless, a basic complement of infrastructure is essential to support economic activity, but this set should be seen as accommodating rather than causing growth. Local, market-based approaches are normally the best way to develop the infrastructure and to ensure that an area has the basic infrastructure that can be maintained, supported, and used effectively.
Study of the discrete-to-continuum transition in a Balmer spectrum from Alcator C-Mod divertor plasmas

Under detached plasma conditions in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, the measured spectra show pronounced merging of the Balmer series lines and a photo-recombination continuum edge which is not a sharp step. This phenomenon, known as a smooth discrete-to-continuum (D-C) transition, is typical only for high-density , low-temperature (Te≈1 eV), and recombining plasma. As we will discuss, this type of transition emphasizes the degree of plasma non-ideality. A theoretical model capable of treating spectra from a detached divertor plasma, and those with a smooth D-C transition in particular, has been developed. It is comprised of three parts: (i) a collisional-radiative model for the population densities of the excited states, (ii) atomic structure and collision rates for an atom affected by statistical plasma microfields, and (iii) a model for calculating the line profiles and the extended photo-recombination continuum. The effects of statistical plasma microfields on the population densities of excited states, on the profiles of Balmer series lines, and on the photo-recombination continuum edge are discussed. The changes in spectrum characteristics with plasma parameter variation, leading to the smooth D-C transition, are analysed. The relevance of volumetric plasma recombination to the spectra observed from a detached divertor plasma is discussed. A comparison of the calculated and measured spectra is used to determine the plasma parameters in the recombining plasma region. Along with other properties of measured spectrum, the smooth D-C transition provides evidence in support of the recombining state of the plasma attained under detached divertor conditions.
Vol-a-Tile &#8212; A Tool for Interactive Exploration of Large Volumetric Data on Scalable Tiled Displays

We present the current state of Vol-a-Tile, an interactive tool for exploring large volumetric data on scalable tiled displays. Vol-a-Tile presents a variety of features employed by scientists at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography on data collected from the Anatomy of a Ridge-Axis Discontinuity seismic experiment. Hardware texture mapping and level-of-detail techniques provide interactivity. A high-performance network protocol is used to connect remote data sources over high-bandwidth photonic networks.
Sprint Start Kinetics of Amputee and Non-Amputee Sprinters

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the forces applied to the starting blocks and the start performances (SPs) of amputee sprinters (ASs) and non-amputee sprinters (NASs). SPs of 154 male and female NASs (100-m personal records [PRs], 9.58–14.00 s) and 7 male ASs (3 unilateral above knee, 3 unilateral below knee, 1 bilateral below knee; 100 m PRs, 11.70–12.70 s) with running specific prostheses (RSPs) were analysed during full-effort sprint starts using instrumented starting blocks that measured the applied forces in 3D. Using the NAS dataset and a combination of factor analysis and multiple regression techniques, we explored the relationship between force characteristics and SP (quantified by normalized average horizontal block power). Start kinetics were subsequently compared between ASs and NASs who were matched based on their absolute 100 m PR and their 100 m PR relative to the world record in their starting class. In NASs, 86% of the variance in SP was shared with five latent factors on which measured parameters related to force application to the rear and front blocks and the respective push-off directions in the sagittal plane of motion were loaded. Mediolateral force application had little influence on SP. The SP of ASs was significantly reduced compared to that of NASs matched on the basis of relative 100-m PR (−33.8%; d = 2.11, p < 0.001), while a non-significant performance reduction was observed when absolute 100-m PRs were used (−17.7%; d = 0.79, p = 0.09). These results are at least partially explained by the fact that force application to the rear block was clearly impaired in the affected legs of ASs.
Fast and accurate low rank approximation of massive graphs

In this paper we present a fast and accurate procedure called clustered low rank matrix approximation for massive graphs. The procedure involves a fast clustering of the graph and then approximating each cluster separately using existing methods, e.g. the singular value decomposition, or stochastic algorithms. The cluster-wise approximations are then extended to approximate the entire graph. This approach has several benefits: (1) important structure of the graph is preserved due to the clustering; (2) highly accurate low rank approximations are achieved; (3) the procedure is efficient both in terms of computational speed and memory usage. Further, we generalize stochastic algorithms into the clustered low rank approximation framework and present theoretical bounds for the approximation error. Finally, a set of experiments, using large scale and real world graphs, show that our methods drastically outperform standard low rank matrix approximation algorithms.
Optimum space-time convolutional codes

Optimum space-time convolutional codes, that provide maximum diversity and coding gain, are produced for cases with PSK modulation and various numbers of states and antennas. The codes are found using a new approach introduced recently in a companion paper. The new approach provides an efficient method that allows a search for optimum codes for many practical problems, while previous research was only able to find optimum codes for a single case. The new approach also provides a simple method for augmenting the criteria of maximum diversity and coding gain with a new measure which is shown to be extremely useful for evaluating code performance without extensive simulations.