Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kaposi ’ s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus-encoded v-Cyclin Triggers Apoptosis in Cells with High Levels of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 61

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has a key etiological role in development of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). v-Cyclin is a KSHVencoded homologue to D-type cyclins that associates with cellular cyclindependent kinase 6 (CDK6). v-Cyclin promotes S-phase entry of quiescent cells and has been suggested to execute functions of both Dand E-type cyclins. In this study, expression of v-cyclin in cells with elevated levels of CDK6 led to apoptotic cell death after the cells entered S phase. The cell death required the kinase activity of CDK6 because cells expressing a kinase-deficient form of CDK6 did not undergo apoptosis upon v-cyclin expression. Studies on the mechanisms involved in this caspase-3-mediated apoptosis indicated that it was independent of cellular p53 or pRb status, and it was not suppressed by Bcl-2. In contrast, the KSHV-encoded v-Bcl-2 efficiently suppressed v-cyclin-/CDK6-induced apoptosis, demonstrating a marked difference in the antiapoptotic properties of c-Bcl-2 and v-Bcl-2. In KS lesions, high CDK6 expression was confined to a subset of cells, some of which displayed signs of apoptosis. These results suggest that v-cyclin may exert both growth-promoting and apoptotic functions in KS, depending on factors regulating CDK6 and v-Bcl-2 levels.
IMAGING ALL THE PEOPLE

Abstract It is well known that aggregating the degree-of-belief functions of different subjects by linear pooling or averaging is subject to a commutativity dilemma: other than in trivial cases, conditionalizing the individual degree-of-belief functions on a piece of evidence E followed by linearly aggregating them does not yield the same result as first aggregating them linearly and then conditionalizing the resulting social degree-of-belief function on E. In the present paper we suggest a novel way out of this dilemma: adapting the method of update or learning such that linear pooling commutes with it. As it turns out, the resulting update scheme – (general) imaging on the evidence – is well-known from areas such as the study of conditionals and causal decision theory, and a formal result from which the required commutativity property is derivable was supplied already by Gärdenfors (1982) in a different context. We end up determining under which conditions imaging would seem to be right method of update, and under which conditions, therefore, group update would not be affected by the commutativity dilemma.
An Intelligent Load Shedding Scheme Using Neural Networks and Neuro-Fuzzy

Load shedding is some of the essential requirement for maintaining security of modern power systems, particularly in competitive energy markets. This paper proposes an intelligent scheme for fast and accurate load shedding using neural networks for predicting the possible loss of load at the early stage and neuro-fuzzy for determining the amount of load shed in order to avoid a cascading outage. A large scale electrical power system has been considered to validate the performance of the proposed technique in determining the amount of load shed. The proposed techniques can provide tools for improving the reliability and continuity of power supply. This was confirmed by the results obtained in this research of which sample results are given in this paper.
The 7i Framework - Towards a Measurement Model of Information literacy

The networked information and media society provides us increasingly with digital information and knowledge. However, the effective and efficient use of information requires a high level of information literacy (IL), i.e. adequate capabilities to deal with information. IL is in general described as the ability to recognize problem-driven information needs, to select information sources, to access, evaluate and use information, and to reflect upon both the applied information searching and processing procedure and the information resulting from it. Despite of its growing importance, IL has been considered only sporadically in information systems research and education. There is a lack of a scientifically proven model to operationalize and measure IL. The paper contributes to fill this gap by providing a synthesis on existing research related to definition, conceptualization and measurement of IL. Based on the findings of the literature analysis the 7i model for measuring IL is proposed.
Rho controls actin cytoskeletal assembly in renal epithelial cells during ATP depletion and recovery

Raman, Narayan, and Simon J. Atkinson. Rho controls actin cytoskeletal assembly in renal epithelial cells during ATP depletion and recovery. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Cell Physiol. 45): C1312–C1324, 1999. —Actin cytoskeletal disruption is a hallmark of ischemic injury and ATP depletion in a number of cell types, including renal epithelial cells. We manipulated Rho GTPase signaling by transfection and microinjection in LLC-PK proximal tubule epithelial cells and observed actin cytoskeletal organization following ATP depletion or recovery by confocal microscopy and quantitative image analysis. ATP depletion resulted in disruption of stress fibers, cortical F-actin, and apical actin bundles. Constitutively active RhoV14 prevented disruption of stress fibers and cortical F-actin during ATP depletion and enhanced the rate of stress fiber reassembly during recovery. Conversely, the Rho inhibitor C3 or dominant negative RhoN19 prevented recovery of F-actin assemblies upon repletion. Actin bundles in the apical microvilli and cytosolic F-actin were not affected by Rho signaling. Assembly of vinculin and paxillin into focal adhesions was disrupted by ATP depletion, and constitutively active RhoV14, although protecting stress fibers from disassembly, did not prevent dispersion of vinculin and paxillin, resulting in uncoupling of stress fiber and focal adhesion assembly. We propose that ATP depletion causes Rho inactivation during ischemia and that recovery of normal cellular architecture and function requires Rho.
Melanocortin‐4 receptor expression in a vago‐vagal circuitry involved in postprandial functions

Vagal afferents regulate energy balance by providing a link between the brain and postprandial signals originating from the gut. In the current study, we investigated melanocortin‐4 receptor (MC4R) expression in the nodose ganglion, where the cell bodies of vagal sensory afferents reside. By using a line of mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the MC4R promoter, we found GFP expression in approximately one‐third of nodose ganglion neurons. By using immunohistochemistry combined with in situ hybridization, we also demonstrated that ∼20% of GFP‐positive neurons coexpressed cholecystokinin receptor A. In addition, we found that the GFP is transported to peripheral tissues by both vagal sensory afferents and motor efferents, which allowed us to assess the sites innervated by MC4R‐GFP neurons. GFP‐positive efferents that co‐expressed choline acetyltransferase specifically terminated in the hepatic artery and the myenteric plexus of the stomach and duodenum. In contrast, GFP‐positive afferents that did not express cholinergic or sympathetic markers terminated in the submucosal plexus and mucosa of the duodenum. Retrograde tracing experiments confirmed the innervation of the duodenum by GFP‐positive neurons located in the nodose ganglion. Our findings support the hypothesis that MC4R signaling in vagal afferents may modulate the activity of fibers sensitive to satiety signals such as cholecystokinin, and that MC4R signaling in vagal efferents may contribute to the control of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:6–24, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effectiveness and tolerability of ezetimibe co-administered with statins versus statin dose-doubling in high-risk patients with persistent hyperlipidemia: The EZE(STAT)2 trial

Introduction When a standard dose of statins fails to achieve lipid control in patients at high risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), increasing the statin dosage or co-administration of additional agents is recommended. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and lipid-lowering efficacy of doubling the standard statin dose (STAT2) to that of co-administering ezetimibe 10 mg/day (EZE+statin) in Canadian patients at high CAD risk with persistent hyperlipidemia upon statin treatment. Material and methods Six-week, open-label, randomized, multicentre study. The primary outcome was the change in plasma LDL-C and secondary measures included the change in additional lipid parameters. Safety was assessed with the incidence of emergent adverse events (AEs). Results Eight hundred eighty-five patients (EZE+statin, n=586; STAT2, n=299) completed the study. The mean (SD) percent change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was – 30.9% (18.2) for the EZE+statin group and –18.4% (19.0) for the STAT2 group (p=0.001). Percent and absolute decreases in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides and the TC to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C) were significantly greater for the EZE+statin group (p = 0.001). After 6 weeks of treatment, 70% of the patients in the EZE+statin group and 48% of patients in the STAT2 group (OR=2.45, p<0.001) achieved target LDL-C levels of<2.5 mmol/l. Incidence of AEs was similar between groups, with the exception of a higher incidence of muscle disorders in the STAT2 group. Conclusions In patients at high CAD risk who are above the LDL-C target while on statin monotherapy, co-administration of ezetimibe is well tolerated and more effective in improving the lipid profile compared to doubling the existing statin dose.
A vision-enhanced multisensor LBS suitable for augmented reality applications

This paper presents an augmented reality system for indoor environments, which does not require special tagging or intrusive landmarks. We have designed a localisation architecture that acquires data from different sensors available in commodity smartphones to provide location estimations. The accuracy of those estimations is very high, which enables the information overlay on a camera-phone display image. During a training phase, we used visual structure from motion techniques to run offline 3D reconstructions of the environment from the correspondences among the scale invariant feature transform descriptors of the training images. To determine the position of the smartphones, we first obtained a coarse-grained estimation based on WiFi signals, digital compasses and built-in accelerometers, making use of fingerprinting methods, probabilistic techniques and motion estimators. Then, using images captured by the camera, we performed a matching process to determine correspondences between 2D pixels and model 3D points, but only analysing a subset of the 3D model delimited by the coarse-grained estimation. This multisensor approach achieves a good balance between accuracy and performance. Finally, a resection process was implemented providing high localisation accuracy when the camera has been previously calibrated, that is we know intrinsic parameters such as focal length, but it is also accurate if an auto-calibration process is required. Our experimental tests showed that this proposal is suitable for applications combining location-based services and augmented reality, since we are able to provide high accuracy with an average error down to 15 cm in < 0.5 s of response time.
Coagulation and Fibrinolysis Gly 74 Ser mutation in protein C causes thrombosis due to a defect in protein S-dependent anticoagulant function

Changming Chen1; Likui Yang2; Bruno O. Villoutreix3; Xuefeng Wang4; Qiulan Ding4; Alireza R. Rezaie2 1State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; 2Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; 3Inserm U973, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Molécules Thérapeutiques In Silico, Paris, France; 4Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
MicroRNA‐27 enhances differentiation of myeloblasts into granulocytes by post‐transcriptionally downregulating Runx1

We investigated the regulation of the transcription factor Runx1 by microRNA (miR)‐27 and the resulting effects upon the differentiation of myeloblasts into granulocytes. When 32D.cl3 cell differentiation was induced using granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (CSF3), Runx1 transcription was moderately downregulated, while Runx1 protein levels were completely inhibited, suggesting an involvement of post‐transcriptional regulation. Simultaneously, levels of miR‐27 and its precursor increased substantially. Reporter assays revealed that miR‐27 targets the 3′UTR of the Runx1 transcript. Furthermore, introduction of pre‐miR‐27 alone into 32D.cl3 cells resulted in downregulation of Runx1 protein, thereby allowing the cell differentiation even in the absence of CSF3. Conversely, transduction of anti‐miR‐27 caused upregulation of Runx1 protein, thereby antagonizing the CSF3‐mediated granulocyte differentiation. Finally, the CSF3‐induced transcription factor C/EBPalpha enhanced transcription of a host gene of miR‐27, C9orf3, via activation of its promoter. Thus, miR‐27 enhances differentiation of myeloblasts into granulocytes via post‐transcriptional downregulation of Runx1.
Teen expectations for significant life events.

Managing risks is an important part of growing up. Young people must decide whether to do things that they do not like (e.g., homework) in the hopes of getting things that they do (e.g., good jobs). They must also decide whether to avoid doing things that they do like (e.g., drinking heavily) in order to reduce the risk of outcomes that they do not (e.g., auto accidents). Making these decisions effectively requires accurate assessments of the probabilities of uncertain events occurring in their lives. As a result, risk perceptions play a central role in many psychological theories of adolescent development and health behavior (e.g., Beyth-Marom and Fischhoff 1997; Feldman and Elliott 1990; Fischhoff, Downs, and Bruine de Bruin 1998; Institute of Medicine 1999; Jacobs and Ganzel 1993) and in interventions designed to improve these perceptions (e.g., Baron and Brown 1991; Millstein, Petersen, and Nightingale 1993; Schulenberg, Maggs, and Hurnelmans 1997). Risk (and benefit) perceptions are also central to economic theories of human capital formation, which hold that teens’ willingness to invest in themselves should reflect the
Novel variant of neuronal intranuclear rodlet immunoreactive for 40 kDa huntingtin associated protein and ubiquitin in the mouse brain

Intranuclear rodlets (INRs), also known as rodlets of Roncoroni, are poorly understood intranuclear bodies originally identified within neuronal nuclei on the basis of their unique morphology. The mechanisms of their formation, their biochemical composition and their physiological significance remain unknown. Using double immunofluorescence staining of mouse brain sections, we identified a novel variant of INR that is immunoreactive for the 40 kDa huntingtin associated protein (Hap40) and ubiquitin, and provide evidence for the existence of additional INR subtypes sharing ubiquitin immunoreactivity as a common feature. We describe a selective association of these INRs with melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons of the hypothalamus and the locus coeruleus, respectively. We also demonstrate for the first time that biochemically distinct INR subtypes can coexist within a single nucleus where they engage in nonrandom spatial interactions. Our findings highlight the biochemical diversity and cell type‐specific expression of these enigmatic intranuclear structures. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3832–3846, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FGF‐2 isoforms of 18 and 22.5 kDa differentially modulate t‐PA and PAI‐1 expressions on the pancreatic carcinoma cells AR4–2J: Consequences on cell spreading and invasion

Pancreatic tumors overexpress FGF‐2 and t‐PA, but the implication of the growth factor in t‐PA synthesis and t‐PA‐dependent tumor invasion remains unknown. FGF‐2 is present in different isoforms: The 18 kDa FGF‐2 is secreted, while the 22.5 kDa one is nuclearized and exerts intracrine regulations bypassing cell‐surface FGF receptors. Rat pancreatic carcinoma AR4–2J cells producing either the 18 or the 22.5 kDa FGF‐2 after transfection with FGF‐2 cDNAs have been used to analyze the role of FGF‐2 in t‐PA expression and t‐PA‐related cell spreading. The 22.5 kDa FGF‐2 reduced t‐PA and PAI‐1 synthesis 2‐fold. Addition of recombinant 18 kDa FGF‐2 (rFGF‐2) to cell cultures resulted in increased t‐PA and decreased PAI‐1 expression. By contrast, rFGF‐2 did not significantly modify t‐PA synthesis in cells producing the 22.5 kDa FGF‐2. Cell spreading was t‐PA‐dependent. Furthermore, cells producing the 22.5 kDa FGF‐2 migrated less than control cells and cells producing the 18 kDa FGF‐2. Overall, our data show that secretory FGF‐2 is involved in t‐PA synthesis by pancreatic cancer cells and facilitates cell spreading. The 22.5 kDa FGF‐2 exerts opposite effects by decreasing t‐PA expression in basal conditions and during rFGF‐2 stimulation. Since the expression of the 22.5 kDa FGF‐2 is under specific controls, its up‐regulation might have the potential to reduce spreading of pancreatic cancer cells. Int. J. Cancer 85:555–562, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive Effort and Memory

We propose that the concept of cognitive effort in memory is both useful and important. Cognitive effort is defined as the engaged proportion of limitedcapacity central processing. It Was hypothesized that this variable might have important memorial consequences and might also be a potential confounding factor in levels-of-pro cessing paradigms. The first experiment tested this possibility using two types of incidental-le arning tasks factorially combined with two degrees of effort. It was found that high effort led to better recall than low effort, but that level-of-processing effects were nonsignificant. A second experiment clearly demonstrated the feasibility of using performance on a secondary task as an independent criterion for measuring effort, and two further experiments ruled out alternative accounts of effort effects. A reliable levels-of-processing effect was obtained in the fourth experiment in which the incidental-learning tasks were blocked. Implications and possible future applications of the cognitive effort concept are discussed.
A Boost-Inverter-Based, Battery-Supported, Fuel-Cell Sourced Three-Phase Stand-Alone Power Supply

In this paper, a three-phase boost-inverter topology is used to condition a typical low output voltage fuel cell (FC) as a stand-alone power supply. The key benefits of the proposed power supply include ability to deliver both the boosting and inversion functions in a single stage, compactness, and low cost. Additionally, the power supply incorporates a battery storage unit through a bidirectional converter to support the slow dynamics of the FC and simultaneously protect the FC as it acts as a filter for the low-frequency harmonics. The three-phase output voltage of the boost-inverter is voltage-mode controlled and the battery unit is current-mode controlled. Analysis, simulation, and experimental results taken from a 1-kW laboratory prototype three-phase boost-inverter operating at 20 kHz and bidirectional converter with two 12 V-24 Ah lead acid batteries are presented to confirm the operational performance of the proposed power supply.
Unaltered neuropeptide Y (NPY)‐stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding suggests a net increase in NPY signalling after repeated electroconvulsive seizures in mice

Although electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) are widely used as a treatment for severe depression, the working mechanism of ECS remains unclear. Repeated ECS causes anticonvulsant effects that have been proposed to underlie the therapeutic effect of ECS, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a potential candidate for mediating this anticonvulsant effect. Repeated ECS results in prominent increases in NPY synthesis. In contrast, NPY‐sensitive receptor binding is decreased, so it is unclear whether ECS causes a net increase in NPY signalling. Agonist‐stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding is a method for detecting functional activation of G‐protein‐coupled receptors. The present study in mice examined the effects of daily ECS for 14 days on NPY‐stimulated [35S]GTPγS functional binding and compared this with gene expression of NPY and NPY receptors as well as [125I]peptide YY (PYY) binding in hippocampus of the same animals. Significant increases in NPY mRNA and concomitant reductions in NPY‐sensitive binding were found in the dentate gyrus, hippocampal CA1, and neocortex of ECS treated mice, which is consistent with previous rat data. These changes remained significant 1 week after repeated ECS. Significant increases in NPY Y1, Y2, and Y5 mRNA were found in the dentate gyrus after ECS. Surprisingly, unaltered levels of functional NPY receptor binding accompanied the decreased NPY‐sensitive binding. This suggests that mechanisms coupling NPY receptor stimulation to G‐protein activation could be augmented after repeated ECS. Thus increased synthesis of NPY after repeated ECS should result in a net increase in NPY signalling in spite of reduced levels of NPY‐sensitive binding. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Robust Human Identification by Normalized Time-Domain Features of Electrocardiogram

This study investigates the possibility of using the normalized time-domain features of electrocardiogram (ECG) for improving the capability of human identification. For this purpose, we measured lead-1 rest ECG (normal heart rate) and physically active one (fast heart rate) from the pre-selected group. The characteristic points on the ECG waveform, P, QRS, T are extracted in terms of its time location and the ECG data is reconstructed in beat-by-beat basis by Fourier synthesis. R-T interval, Q-T interval, and QRS interval on the reconstructed ECG sequence in rest and in physical active mode are computed. The beat-by-beat based discriminatory analysis is performed on the rest and physical active ECG data by applying Malalanobis' distance between these intervals
Methodology for the study of beta-lactamases

Accompanying the discovery of naturally occurring penicillins was the detection of penicillin-hydrolyzing enzymes, initially referred to as penicillinases and subsequently as 3-lactamases. Enzyme-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus could readily be detected both by inoculum studies with growing cells (Table 1) and by the presence of enzyme in the culture medium. As the isolated enzyme was extremely efficient in hydrolyzing benzylpenicillin, the relationship between enzyme production and antibiotic resistance was unmistakable. With the advent of the penicillinase-resistant penicillins the inoculum effect could no longer be observed, and no significant hydrolysis could be detected with the methodology in hand. Introduction of the cephalosporins and broad-spectrum penicillins in the mid-1960s provided substrates for the detection of a wide range of gram-negative ,B-lactamases. Once again, simple inoculum tests (Table 2) or measurements of hydrolytic activity were good indicators of the presence of 13-lactamase. However, in the case of gramnegative bacteria the relationship between ,-lactamase production and antibiotic resistance was not always clear. Over the last decade, the area of 3-lactam-pi-lactamase interactions has seen major changes. Along with the influx of
MSR 2012 keynote: The evolution of the social programmer

Summary form only given. Software architecture is a complex domain and one of the cornerstones to successful software development. The complexity appears in learning and teaching as well as in real-life projects, where architectural thinking emerges as a process of life-long learning. In order to develop a structured and comprehensive architectural awareness, we present an explanatory model for dealing with architecture.