Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A domain of SV40 capsid polypeptide VP1 that specifies migration into the cell nucleus.

In order to identify the determinants responsible for the nuclear migration of simian virus 40 (SV40) polypeptide VP1, the 5′‐terminal portion of the SV40 VP1 gene was fused with the complete cDNA sequence of poliovirus capsid polypeptide VP1 and the hybrid gene was inserted into an SV40 vector in place of the normal SV40 VP1 gene. Deletions of various length were generated in the SV40 VP1 portion of the hybrid gene, resulting in a set of truncated genes encoding 2‐40 NH2‐terminal amino acids from SV40 VP1, followed by poliovirus VP1. Monkey kidney cells were infected by the deleted hybrid viruses in the presence of an early SV40 amber mutant as helper, and the subcellular localization of the fusion proteins was determined by indirect immunofluorescence using an anti‐poliovirus VP1 immune serum. The presence of the first 11 NH2‐terminal amino acids from SV40 VP1 was found to be sufficient to target the fusion protein to the cell nucleus. Deletions extending from the NH2‐ towards the COOH‐terminal end of the protein were next generated. Transport of the SV40 VP1‐poliovirus VP1 fusion polypeptide to the nucleus was abolished when the first eight amino acids from SV40 VP1 were deleted. Thus the sequence of the first eight NH2‐terminal amino acids of SV40 VP1 appears to contain a nuclear migration signal which is sufficient to target the protein to the cell nucleus.
HEDGING IN ENGLISH AND PERSIAN EDITORIALS: A CONTRASTIVE STUDY

The present study was conducted to examine the hedging phenomenon, an important linguistic feature which is concerned with the expression of tentativeness and possibility, in journalistic English. It specifically aimed at examining English and Persian social, economic and political newspaper editorials to describe the similarities and differences in the frequency of hedging devices in the two languages. The results revealed that English newspaper editorials enjoyed more hedges than Persian ones. Regarding topic variations, English political editorials were slightly more hedged than the economic and social ones; whereas, Persian economic editorials were slightly more hedged than the political and social ones.
Habitat degradation disrupts neophobia in juvenile coral reef fish

Habitat degradation not only disrupts habitat‐forming species, but alters the sensory landscape within which most species must balance behavioural activities against predation risk. Rapidly developing a cautious behavioural phenotype, a condition known as neophobia, is advantageous when entering a novel risky habitat. Many aquatic organisms rely on damage‐released conspecific cues (i.e. alarm cues) as an indicator of impending danger and use them to assess general risk and develop neophobia. This study tested whether settlement‐stage damselfish associated with degraded coral reef habitats were able to use alarm cues as an indicator of risk and, in turn, develop a neophobic response at the end of their larval phase. Our results indicate that fish in live coral habitats that were exposed to alarm cues developed neophobia, and, in situ, were found to be more cautious, more closely associated with their coral shelters and survived four‐times better than non‐neophobic control fish. In contrast, fish that settled onto degraded coral habitats did not exhibit neophobia and consequently suffered much greater mortality on the reef, regardless of their history of exposure to alarm cues. Our results show that habitat degradation alters the efficacy of alarm cues with phenotypic and survival consequences for newly settled recruits.
History-Based Accounting Reform: Using Mathematics Perspective to Identify and Solve Some Main Problems in Accounting Education and Standards

Manuscript Type: Perspective Research Issue: Perceived as a pure social science, prominent accounting scholars agree that the current accounting development overemphasizes on rules, and this has wide negative impacts on accounting education and research. Thus, accounting reform is necessary even though it is still unclear the direction of the reform. Research Findings/Insights: The basic thesis of this study is that accounting is an application of mathematics because accounting was documented in the mathematics book and written by Luca Pacioli as a mathematics professor. Firstly, this study shows the inappropriateness of current accounting teaching methods. Specifically, this study shows that the use of debits and credits is purely the application of mathematics. Secondly, this study identifies the limitation of the definition of financial statement elements, and proposes the alternative redefinition of the elements. Thirdly, this study shows that the use of a mathematical perspective helps accounting profession to solve current accounting issues. Finally, this study proposes the development of three pillars, i.e. mathematics, rules, and art, in a balanced manner to do accounting reform. Theoretical/Academic/Policy Implications: This study provides a “new” perspective that the accounting development is based on the history of accounting itself, i.e. accounting as an application of mathematics. Using the mathematical perspective, not only do accounting scholars improve the accounting education but also we innovate accounting research agenda. In addition, this study offers insights to accounting standard boards interested in developing a global uniform of financial accounting standard that effectively work.
eIF4E knockdown decreases breast cancer cell growth without activating Akt signaling

Activation of translation initiation is essential for the malignant phenotype and is emerging as a potential therapeutic target. Translation is regulated by the expression of translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) as well as the interaction of eIF4E with eIF4E-binding proteins (e.g., 4E-BP1). Rapamycin inhibits translation initiation by decreasing the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, increasing eIF4E/4E-BP1 interaction. However, rapamycin also inhibits S6K phosphorylation, leading to feedback loop activation of Akt. We hypothesized that targeting eIF4E directly would inhibit breast cancer cell growth without activating Akt. We showed that eIF4E is ubiquitously expressed in breast cancer cell lines. eIF4E knockdown by small interfering RNA inhibited growth in different breast cancer cell subtypes including triple-negative (estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/HER-2–negative) cancer cells. eIF4E knockdown inhibited the growth of cells with varying total and phosphorylated 4E-BP1 levels and inhibited rapamycin-insensitive as well as rapamycin-sensitive cell lines. eIF4E knockdown led to a decrease in expression of cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL. eIF4E knockdown did not lead to Akt phosphorylation but did decrease 4E-BP1 expression. We conclude that eIF4E is a promising target for breast cancer therapy. eIF4E-targeted therapy may be efficacious in a variety of breast cancer subtypes including triple-negative tumors for which currently there are no targeted therapies. Unlike rapamycin and its analogues, eIF4E knockdown is not associated with Akt activation. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(7):1782–8]
Genetic Variation and Breeding Signature in Mass Selection Lines of the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Assessed by SNP Markers

In breeding industries, a challenging problem is how to keep genetic diversity over generations. To investigate genetic variation and identify breeding signatures in mass selected lines of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), three sixth-generation selected lines and four wild populations were assessed using 103 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The genetic diversity data indicated that the selected lines exhibited a significant reduction in the observed heterozygosity and observed number of alleles per locus compared with the wild populations (P≤0.05), indicating the selected lines tended to lose genetic diversity contrasted with the wild populations. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis showed that the wild populations and selected lines were not separated into two groups. Using four outlier tests, a total of 17 loci were found under selection at two levels. The global outlier detection suggested that 4 common outlier loci were subject to selection using both the hierarchical island model and Bayesian likelihood approaches. At regional level, 3 SNPs were detected as outlier using at least two outlier tests and one outlier SNP (CgSNP309) was overlapped in the two wild-selected population comparisons. The candidate outlier SNPs provide valuable resources for future association studies in C. gigas.
Prevalence of Dry Methods in Granite Countertop Fabrication in Oklahoma

Granite countertop fabricators are at risk of exposure to respirable crystalline silica, which may cause silicosis and other lung conditions. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of exposure control methods, especially wet methods, in granite countertop fabrication in Oklahoma to assess how many workers might be at risk of overexposure to crystalline silica in this industry. Granite fabrication shops in the three largest metropolitan areas in Oklahoma were enumerated, and 47 of the 52 shops participated in a survey on fabrication methods. Countertop shops were small businesses with average work forces of fewer than 10 employees. Ten shops (21%) reported using exclusively wet methods during all fabrication steps. Thirty-five shops (74%) employing a total of about 200 workers reported using dry methods all or most of the time in at least one fabrication step. The tasks most often performed dry were edge profiling (17% of shops), cutting of grooves for reinforcing rods (62% of shops), and cutting of sink openings (45% of shops). All shops reported providing either half-face or full-face respirators for use during fabrication, but none reported doing respirator fit testing. Few shops reported using any kind of dust collection system. These findings suggest that current consumer demand for granite countertops is giving rise to a new wave of workers at risk of silicosis due to potential overexposure to granite dust.
THE UNLABELED ANTIBODY ENZYME METHOD OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF SOLUBLE ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEX (HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE-ANTIHORSERADISH PEROXIDASE) AND ITS USE IN IDENTIFICATION OF SPIROCHETES

Antigen was identified histochemically without the use of labeled antibodies by the sequential application of (a) specific rabbit antiserum, (b) sheep antiserum to rabbit immunoglobulin G, (c) specifically purified, soluble horseradish peroxidase-anti-horseradish peroxidase complex (PAP), (d) 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and hydrogen peroxide and (e) osmium tetroxide. A simple method for preparation of high yields of PAP consisted of precipitation of antibody from specific rabbit antiserum with horseradish peroxidase (PO) at equivalence, solubilization of the washed precipitate with excess PO at pH 2.3, 1°C, followed by immediate neutralization and separation of PAP from PO by half-saturation with ammonium sulfate. The ratio of PO to anti-PO in PAP was 3:2 irrespective of the source of antiserum. PAP was heterogeneous on electrophoresis, homogeneous on sedimentation, diffusion and electron microscopy and consisted of pentagons with diameters of 205 Å. s 20,w , 11.98 x 10–13; d 20,w , 2.48 x 10–7; molecular weight by sedimentation velocity, 429,000, and equilibrium, 413,000. Sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemical staining of spirochetes was about 100- to 1000-fold that of immunofluorescence. The unexpected ratio of PO to anti-PO is presumed to be due to stabilization by the pentagonal shape in which three corners are suspected to be PO and two antibody fragment Fc.
Bacteriorhodopsin Analogs from Diphenylpolyene Chromophores¶

Abstract Chromophore-modified bacteriorhodopsin (bR) analogs are prepared, to study the nature of chromophore–protein interaction as well as to develop new bR analogs that can find applications as photoactive element in molecular electronic devices. This article describes the preparation and characterization of hitherto unknown bR analogs based on diphenylpolyene chromophores. Diphenylpolyene compounds, namely, 4-[(E)-2-phenylvinyl]benzaldehyde (1), 3-methyl-5-{4-[(E)-2-phenylvinyl]phenyl}penta-2E,4E-dienal (2), 4-[4-phenylbuta-1E,3E-dienyl]benzaldehyde (3) and 3-methyl-5-{4-[4-phenylbuta-1E,3E-dienyl]phenyl}penta-2E,4E-dienal (4), have been synthesized, and their interaction with bacterioopsin (bOP) has been studied. Whereas aldehydes 2 and 4 interact with bOP and yield bR analogs bR-2 and bR-4, aldehydes 1 and 3 do not yield any pigment. Analogs bR-2 and bR-4 have been characterized for their opsin shift, competitive binding, photochemical properties and fluorescence spectral behavior.
No-Arbitrage Bounds on Two One-Touch Options

This paper investigates no arbitrage relationships between the prices of two one-touch options with the same maturity but with different barrier levels. We find the no-arbitrage range of prices for a no-touch option, given the price of a second no-touch option and the prices of co-maturing vanilla call options. The upper and lower bounds are the cost of a super-replicating portfolio and a sub-replicating portfolio respectively. These consist of call options, put options, digital options and a one-touch option. We assume that the underlying process is a continuous martingale but do not postulate a model.
Neuropsychological Outcome following Resuscitation after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A One-Year Follow-Up

A 61-year-old woman survived resuscitation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The heterogeneity of the resulting cognitive impairments and the recovery over a one-year period are presented, highlighting the need for standardized neuropsychological testing even after short cardiac arrests and for effective treatment both out of hospital and in hospital.
Novel Approach in Stability Analysis Presented in Controlled Boost Converter

The paper is concerned with the stability analysis of a feedback controlled resonant dual channel boost converter. The output voltage is controlled by using constant frequency PWM and PI controller. The analysis is based on the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix of the Poincare Map Function (PMF). After small perturbation determining the deviations of the state variables from the periodic trajectory, the Jacobian matrix is calculated without the need to determine the PMF itself. The introduction of the so-called auxiliary state vector greatly facilitates the calculation. Calculation and simulation results included are used in the design of the control loop.
Design of low cost fault tolerant analog circuits using real-time learned error compensation

Analog checksum based fault tolerance for linear circuits has been proposed in the past but remains a theoretical artifact due to the high cost and complexity of error compensation while other redundancy based methods have prohibitive overheads. To resolve this, new low cost error compensation methods for widely used linear analog circuits are developed in this research. Trial and error based compensation learning methods combined with the use of less than minimum distance codes are used for failure tolerance. This results in significant hardware savings over prior correction schemes with minimal increase in error correction latency. It is shown how dual failures in analog circuits, not possible with existing techniques, can be compensated using the proposed fault-learning approach.
Neuropsychological performance measures as intermediate phenotypes for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A multiple mediation analysis

Abstract Genetic influences on dopaminergic neurotransmission have been implicated in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and are theorized to impact cognitive functioning via alterations in frontal–striatal circuitry. Neuropsychological functioning has been proposed to account for the potential associations between dopamine candidate genes and ADHD. However, to date, this mediation hypothesis has not been directly tested. Participants were 498 youth ages 6–17 years (mean M = 10.8 years, SD = 2.4 years, 55.0% male). All youth completed a multistage, multiple-informant assessment procedure to identify ADHD and non-ADHD cases, as well as a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Youth provided a saliva sample for DNA analyses; the 480 base pair variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism of the dopamine active transporter 1 gene (DAT1) and the 120 base pair promoter polymorphism of the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) were genotyped. Multiple mediation analysis revealed significant indirect associations between DAT1 genotype and inattention, hyperactivity–impulsivity, and oppositionality, with specific indirect effects through response inhibition. The results highlight the role of neurocognitive task performance, particularly response inhibition, as a potential intermediate phenotype for ADHD, further elucidating the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and externalizing psychopathology.
Do Syndicated Loans Influence Systemic Risk? An Empirical Analysis of the Canadian Syndicated Loan Market

This study examines the impact of syndicated loans on individual and national diversity of loan portfolios of the six largest Canadian banks, as well as their marginal contribution to Canadian systemic risk. To test the marginal impact of Canadian syndicated loans on risk, we use a simulation of fictitious loan portfolios to create benchmarks based on syndicated loans along with Hirschman-Herfindahl index and Euclidian distance measures. Our results show that syndicated loans have a positive impact on industrial diversity for each bank's loan portfolio. Empirical results also suggest that lendersi¯ involvement in industries in which they lack expertise tends to develop a more homogeneous and concentrated national loan portfolio. Finally, we conclude that the homogenization of loan portfolios and the concentration of the national loan portfolio have an ambiguous impact on Canadian systemic risk. Specifically, the impact depends on the systemic risk measure and an industry effect is present.
Power Compensation Control for Interconnection of Weak Power Systems by VSC-HVDC

Using voltage-source converter high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) to interconnect weak ac power systems has drawn much attention. Under the traditional vector control for the VSC that the response of AC voltage loop cannot match that of the active power loop may limit power transmission capability of the VSCs that interconnect with weak power systems. To enhance the power transmission capability and stability, this paper proposes a power compensation control that is based on the analysis of characteristics of power–voltage (PV) curves. This method can improve the damping control performance of the active power and the ac voltage by adjusting the compensated values adaptively. A small-signal model of the integrated system is established to study the performance of the proposed control method. The impact of the compensation coefficients and steady-state operating points on the system stability is studied. Motivated by an on-going back-to-back project in China, corresponding electromagnetic transient simulation models are constructed in MATLAB/Simulink environment to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method on the performance of operating limits, damping performance, disturbance withstanding capability, and fault ride-through capability.
Development and quantitative measurement of microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae

The development of microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae from a few swollen hyaline cells on a hypha to a multicellular, pigmented "mature" structure is described and illustrated. A method for quantitatively estimating the amount of pigmented microsclerotial material in pure cultures was developed to study quantitative relations between mycelial growth and production of microsclerotial material in media containing different concentrations of glucose. At low glucose concentrations (0.6 to 10 mg/ml) microsclerotial material continued to increase after total dry weight of the cultures had reached a maximum, suggesting conversion of hyaline to pigmented material. At high glucose concentrations (20 to 60 mg/ml) the patterns of increase in total dry weight, microsclerotial material, and hyaline material were similar over a 4-week incubation period. Maximum production of both pigmented and hyaline materials occurred at a glucose concentration of 30 mg/ml (carbon/nitrogen ratio of 50/1).
Intra-Articular Use of Tenoxicam in Degenerative Osteoarthritis of the Knee Joint

Twenty-eight patients, aged 58 years or more and with clinical and radiological evidence of degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee joint, were entered into an open 6-month pilot study. Patients received a single intra-articular injection of tenoxicam (20 mg) into the affected knee with rigid adherence to aseptic technique. Efficacy was assessed in 25 evaluable patients according to three parameters: pain, hydrarthrosis and range of joint movement. Ten days after injection, 40% of patients (10/25) had greatly improved pain, 24% (6/25) showed improvement, while 12% (3/25) experienced a worsening of their pain; the remaining patients (24%) showed no change. Ten days after injection, the percentage of patients with hydrarthrosis was reduced from 43% (12/28) to 20% (5/25). Range of movement of the affected joint 1 month after injection was increased in 60% (15/25) of patients, decreased in 16% (4/25), and unchanged in 24% (6/25). Two patients reported a slight allergic reaction to the injection; no other side-effects were detected. The results of this pilot study justify investigating the efficacy of intra-articular tenoxicam in controlled double-blind studies.
Hydrophobicity evaluation of polymer insulator using surface discharge characteristics

With the spread application of polymer insulators in UHV and EHV transmission lines, the decrease of hydrophobicity becomes one of prominent factors to affect the stability and reliability of power system. Recently, dynamic dropping test (DDT) has been employed to hydrophobicity evaluation, which has proven the occurrence of different discharge phenomena in relation to the hydrophobicity variation. However, limited analysis of discharge characteristics is carried out for the hydrophobicity evaluation by using DDT. In this paper, based on DDT method, the characterization of surface discharges, including the discharge magnitude, pulse number, adjacent discharge magnitude and adjacent time interval, have been analyzed to for the hydrophobicity evaluation. It is found that with the decrease of hydrophobicity, these characteristics of surface discharges apparently show the increasing tendency. The results obtained can indicate that the characterization of surface discharge in DDT method can be utilized to the hydrophobicity evaluation.