Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Performance of Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw Compared With Standard Trajectory Pedicle Screw

Study Design. Cadaveric biomechanical study. Objective. To determine fatigue behavior of cortical bone trajectory (CBT) pedicle screws. Summary of Background Data. Cortical bone trajectory screws have been becoming popular in spine surgery; however, the long-term fatigue behavior of the new CBT screws remains understudied and limitations not well defined. Methods. Twelve vertebrae from six cadaveric lumbar spines were obtained. After bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, each vertebral body was instrumented with screws from each group, that is, CBT (4.5 × 25 mm) or standard pedicle screw (6.5 × 55 mm). A load (± 4 Nm sagittal bending) was applied under displacement control at 1 Hz. Each construct was loaded for 100 cycles or until 6° of loosening was observed. After fatigue testing, the screws were pulled out axially at 5 mm/min. Results. The standard pedicle screw showed better resistance against 100 cycle loading compared with the CBT screws (P < 0.001, 6.9°±4.8° vs. 15.2°±5.5°, respectively). The standard pedicle screw testing usually required more than 100 cycles of loading to achieve the critical loosening (3592 ± 4564 cycles), whereas the CBT screw never exceeded 100 cycles (84 ± 24 cycles) (P = 0.002). Increased BMD was significantly associated with a higher number of cycles and less loosening. The standard pedicle screw group had a higher postfatigue pullout load than the CBT screw group (P = 0.001, 776 ± 370 N and 302 ± 232 N, respectively). Conclusion. The standard pedicle screw had a better fatigue performance compared witho the CBT screw in vertebra with compromised bone quality. The proper insertion of the CBT screw might be prevented by the laminar anatomy depending on the screw head design. The CBT screw damaged the bone along its shaft by rotating around a fulcrum, located at either the pars, pedicle isthmus, or the junction of the pedicle and superior endplate, contingent upon the strength of the bone. Level of Evidence: N/A
Identification of material properties of composite materials using nondestructive vibrational evaluation approaches: A review

ABSTRACT Destructive identification approaches are no longer in favor since the advent of nondestructive evaluation approaches, as they are accurate, rapid, and cheap. Researchers are devoted to improving the accuracy, rate of convergence, and cost of such approaches, which depend greatly on the types of vibrational experiments conducted and the types of forward and inverse methods used in numerical section. Therefore, this article presents a review on the development of nondestructive vibrational evaluation approaches in identifying the elastic constants of composite plates, in experimental and numerical manners in order to enlighten researchers with the current trends of nondestructive vibrational approaches.
ADAPTIVE MIGRATORY DIVERGENCE AMONG SYMPATIRIC BROK CHARR POPULATIONS

Abstract Ecological processes clearly contribute to population divergence, yet how they interact over complex life cycles remains poorly understood. Notably, the evolutionary consequences of migration between breeding and nonbreeding areas have received limited attention. We provide evidence for a negative association between interpopulation differences in migration (between breeding and feeding areas, as well as within each) and the amount of gene flow (m) among three brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations inhabitingMistassini Lake, Quebec, Canada. Individuals (n=1166) captured throughout lake feeding areas over two consecutive sampling years were genotyped (10 microsatellites) and assigned to one of the three populations. Interpopulation differences in migration were compared based on spatial distribution overlap, habitat selection, migration distance within feeding areas, and morphology. We observed a temporally stable, heterogeneous spatial distribution within feeding areas among populations, with the extent of spatial segregation related to differential habitat selection (represented by littoral zone substrate). Spatial segregation was lowest and gene flow highest (m=0.015) between two populations breeding in separate lake inflows. Segregation was highest and gene flow was lowest (mean m=0.007) between inflow populations and a third population breeding in the outflow. Compared to outflow migrants, inflow migrants showed longer migration distances within feeding areas(64–70 km vs. 22 km). After entering natal rivers to breed, inflow migrants also migrated longer distances (35–75 km) and at greater elevations (50–150 m) to breeding areas than outflow migrants (0–15 km; –10–0 m). Accordingly, inflow migrants were more streamlined with longer caudal regions, traits known to improve swimming efficiency. There was no association between the geographic distance separating population pairs and the amount of gene flow they exchanged. Collectively, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that reduced gene flow between these brook charr populations results from divergent natural selection leading to interpopulation differences in migration. They also illustrate how phenotypic and genetic differentiation may arise over complex migratory life cycles.
Sensitivity, Specificity and Predictive Value of Modified Assays for Activated Protein C Resistance in Children

Summary Very little data is available assessing the clinical utility of coagulation-based APC resistance assays compared to DNA-based analysis for the factor V Leiden mutation in children. Therefore, the clinical utility of four aPTT-based assays for APC resistance was evaluated in 169 children, ages 3 months through 16 years. The prevalence of the Arg506 to Gln mutation was 7/169 (4.1%). Using cutoff points derived from the normal PCR-screened population (n = 162), two assays for APC resistance (APC-SR and n-APC-SR) gave poor concordance with the PCR assay (sensitivity 29% and 57%, respectively). Two modified assays (FDAPC-SR and n-FDAPC-SR), in which patient plasma was prediluted 1:5 in factor V deficient plasma, gave excellent concordance (sensitivity 100%). The predictive value of a positive test was 0.25, 0.44, 1.00 and 0.88 for the APC-SR, n-APC-SR, FDAPC-SR and n-FDAPC-SR, respectively. The FDAPC-SR and n-FDAPC-SR tests gave excellent discrimination using cutoff values derived from the total population (n = 169) without regard to previous PCR screening results.
How Well Do Customers of Direct-to-Consumer Personal Genomic Testing Services Comprehend Genetic Test Results? Findings from the Impact of Personal Genomics Study

Aim: To assess customer comprehension of health-related personal genomic testing (PGT) results. Methods: We presented sample reports of genetic results and examined responses to comprehension questions in 1,030 PGT customers (mean age: 46.7 years; 59.9% female; 79.0% college graduates; 14.9% non-White; 4.7% of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity). Sample reports presented a genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes, carrier screening summary results for >30 conditions, results for phenylketonuria and cystic fibrosis, and drug response results for a statin drug. Logistic regression was used to identify correlates of participant comprehension. Results: Participants exhibited high overall comprehension (mean score: 79.1% correct). The highest comprehension (range: 81.1-97.4% correct) was observed in the statin drug response and carrier screening summary results, and lower comprehension (range: 63.6-74.8% correct) on specific carrier screening results. Higher levels of numeracy, genetic knowledge, and education were significantly associated with greater comprehension. Older age (≥60 years) was associated with lower comprehension scores. Conclusions: Most customers accurately interpreted the health implications of PGT results; however, comprehension varied by demographic characteristics, numeracy and genetic knowledge, and types and format of the genetic information presented. Results suggest a need to tailor the presentation of PGT results by test type and customer characteristics.
The dependence of the nanostructure of magnetron sputtered Cu–Ag alloy films on composition and temperature

Cu–Ag alloy films prepared by magnetron cosputtering were characterized by using x-ray diffraction. A two-phase nanocrystalline structure of Cu grains supersaturated with Ag and Ag grains saturated with Cu was always observed. When alloying Ag with Cu or Cu with Ag, the grain sizes decreased dramatically, and the supersaturation increased with the amount of the alloying element. On annealing, the grain sizes of the Cu–Ag films increased and the solubilities decreased. To shed light on the mechanisms in play during the phase formation and subsequent phase changes, additional in situ real-time measurements were carried out using a high-intensity x-ray beam from the synchrotron at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, France. Based on the experimental findings, the phase formation and the subsequent changes during annealing are discussed.
: 2094-5906 THE STETH Volume 4 , 2010

Diabetes is increasing substantially in the global era. Several herbal medicines have been studied and some are proven to have a beneficial effect against it. Some from the group of organic acids, phenolic acids and flavonoids contribute to the decreasing effect of hyperglycemia. In previous studies, bignay (Antidesma bunius) showed an evidence of having the said contents. In the present study, the antiglycemic effect of bignay was determined after 14 days of treatment. The extracts of 200 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of bignay proved their glucose lowering activity on fasted non-diabetic and Alloxan (ALX)induced diabetic rats. Moreover, 600 mg/kg was more effectual and exhibited the same therapeutic outcome with glibenclamide. Therefore, the study shows that the extract of bignay (Antidesma bunius) and its flavonoid contents has a promising effect on decreasing blood glucose level in diabetes as well as the prevention of its occurrence.
Regulation of Macrophage Motility by the Water Channel Aquaporin-1: Crucial Role of M0/M2 Phenotype Switch

The water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1) promotes migration of many cell types. Although AQP1 is expressed in macrophages, its potential role in macrophage motility, particularly in relation with phenotype polarization, remains unknown. We here addressed these issues in peritoneal macrophages isolated from AQP1-deficient mice, either undifferentiated (M0) or stimulated with LPS to orientate towards pro-inflammatory phenotype (classical macrophage activation; M1). In non-stimulated macrophages, ablation of AQP1 (like inhibition by HgCl2) increased by 2–3 fold spontaneous migration in a Src/PI3K/Rac-dependent manner. This correlated with cell elongation and formation of lamellipodia/ruffles, resulting in membrane lipid and F4/80 recruitment to the leading edge. This indicated that AQP1 normally suppresses migration of resting macrophages, as opposed to other cell types. Resting Aqp1-/- macrophages exhibited CD206 redistribution into ruffles and increased arginase activity like IL4/IL13 (alternative macrophage activation; M2), indicating a M0-M2 shift. In contrast, upon M1 orientation by LPS in vitro or peritoneal inflammation in vivo, migration of Aqp1-/- macrophages was reduced. Taken together, these data indicate that AQP1 oppositely regulates macrophage migration, depending on stimulation or not by LPS, and that macrophage phenotypic and migratory changes may be regulated independently of external cues.
A Minimal Roll-Back Based Recovery Scheme for Fault Toleration in Pipeline Processors

In this paper, we proposed a light-weighted recovery scheme for fault tolerable pipeline processors after error has been detected by redundant executions. A minimal rolling back procedure is designed to schedule the re-execution based recovery in a one-cycle delay. This scheme makes full use of in-fly pipeline working status to aid the recovery, which relieves the recovery from a large checkpoint buffer.
Safe Futures

A future is a well-known programming construct used to introduce concurrency to sequential programs. Computations annotated as futur es are executed asynchronously and run concurrently with their continuations. Ty pically, futures arenot transparent annotations: a program with futures need not produce the same result as the sequential program from which it was derived. Safefutures guarantee a future-annotated program produce the same result as its s equential counterpart. Ensuring safety is especially challenging in the presence of onstructs such as exceptions that permit the expression of non-local con trol-flow. For example, a future may raise an exception whose handler is in its continu atio . To ensure safety, we must guarantee the continuation does not discard this handler regardless of the continuation’s own internal control-flow (e.g. ex ceptions it raises or futures it spawns). In this paper, we present a formulation o f safe futures for a higher-order functional language with first-class exceptions. Sa fety can be guaranteed dynamically by stalling the execution of a continuation that has an exception handler potentiallyrequired by its future until the future completes. To enable greater concurrency, we develop a static analysis and instrumen ation and formalize the runtime behavior for instrumented programs that allows exe cution to discard handlers preciselywhen it is safe to do so.
A novel mycotoxin purification system using magnetic nanoparticles for the recovery of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone from feed

In this study, we developed a novel tool for purifying two mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN), in feed. This system utilized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against AFB1 and ZEN, and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Among ten MNPs with different diameters and functional groups, a 100-nm diameter MNP (fMA) conjugated to an amine group (-NH2) was found to be optimum for coupling with mAbs. The optimal mAb concentrations for coupling to the fMA along with mycotoxin purification capacities of the fMA-mAb conjugates (fMA-AFB1 and fMA-ZEN) were determined. A comparison of mean recovery rates (from corn and product X feed) between the fMA-mAb conjugates and immunoaffinity columns (IAC-AFB1 and IAC-ZEN) showed that the rate for fMA-AFB1 (90~92% and 81~88%) was higher (p > 0.05) than that of IAC-AFB1 (81~84% and 72~78%) for AFB1 (5, 10, 15 ng/mL), and the rate for fMA-ZEN (99~100% and 92~94%) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that of IAC-ZEN (86~88% and 81~88%) for ZEN (10, 25, 50 ng/mL) except at a concentration of 10 ng/mL, demonstrating the remarkable purification efficiency of the novel fMA-mAb method. Additionally, mycotoxin purification was much faster using our novel method (approx. 5 min) than the IAC-based technique (> 30 min). This study suggests that the novel purification system we developed would be a useful tool for monitoring and regulating mycotoxin contamination in feed, and replace IAC methods.
Fast Automatic Translation and Morphological Decomposition in Chinese-English Bilinguals

In this study, we investigated automatic translation from English to Chinese and subsequent morphological decomposition of translated Chinese compounds. In two lexical decision tasks, Chinese-English bilinguals responded to English target words that were preceded by masked unrelated primes presented for 59 ms. Unbeknownst to participants, the Chinese translations of the words in each critical pair consisted of a fully opaque compound word (i.e., a compound with two constituent morphemes that were semantically unrelated to the compound) and a monomorphemic word that was either the first or the second morpheme of the compound. The data revealed that bilinguals responded faster to English word pairs whose Chinese translations repeated the first morpheme than to English word pairs whose Chinese translations did not repeat the first morpheme, but no effect of hidden second-morpheme repetition was found. This effect of hidden first-morpheme repetition suggests that participants translated English words to Chinese and decomposed the translated compounds into their constituent morphemes. Because the primes were presented for only 59 ms, translation and morphological decomposition must be fast and automatic.
The sickness impact profile. Development of an outcome measure of health care.

Dr. Betty Gilson is Associate Professor and Associate Dean, Department of Health Services, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195. Dr. John Gilson is Director of Medical Education, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Seattle, Washington. Dr. Bergner is Assistant Professor, Department of Health Services, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Dr. Bobbitt is Research Professor, Department of Health Services, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Ms. Kressel is Senior Administrative Analyst, Health Policy Program, San Francisco, California. Dr. Pollard is a postdoctoral fellow, Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. Dr. Vesselago's address is: 2012 Tenth Avenue East, Seattle, Washington. This investigation was supported by the HMO Service of the Health Services and Mental Health Administration, Contract HSM 110-72-420. This paper was presented, in abbreviated form, at the American Public Health Association Annual Meeting, San Francisco, 1974. It was accepted for publication July 21, 1975. costly services. The proliferation of innovative organizational patterns for providing health services makes it necessary to obtain data demonstrating the relative benefits of available alternatives. Evaluators use three types of measures to assess health care services: measures of structure, measures of process, and measures of outcome. 1 2 Measures of structure or process assess factors that are presumably directly related to outcome. Measures of outcome are designed to assess the effects of the health care services on the population served. Often, structure or process measures are used because no adequate or efficient measure of outcome is available. While it has been assumed that these three types of evaluation measures are highly related and that structure and process measures can serve as proxies for outcome measures, the substitution will be legitimate only when the relationship between structure or process and outcome has been established. For example, one can assess the outcome of a program such as polio immunization by examining the number of immunizations administered (a process measure), since it has been demonstrated that such immunization leads to less polio (an outcome measure). On the other hand, since it is not known whether the number of clinician visits decreases illness, measuring numbers of visits does not provide knowledge of outcome.
plasp 3: Towards Effective ASP Planning

Abstract We describe the new version of the Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL)-to-Answer Set Programming (ASP) translator plasp. First, it widens the range of accepted PDDL features. Second, it contains novel planning encodings, some inspired by Satisfiability Testing (SAT) planning and others exploiting ASP features such as well-foundedness. All of them are designed for handling multivalued fluents in order to capture both PDDL as well as SAS planning formats. Third, enabled by multishot ASP solving, it offers advanced planning algorithms also borrowed from SAT planning. As a result, plasp provides us with an ASP-based framework for studying a variety of planning techniques in a uniform setting. Finally, we demonstrate in an empirical analysis that these techniques have a significant impact on the performance of ASP planning.
RGB-D training for convolutional neural network with final fuzzy layer for depth weighting

This paper presents training of novel hybrid network based on three deep convolutional neural network architectures applied to object recognition, based on the depth information supplied for a RGBD camera. For this case, the depth information allows to set the dataset of training images of each network, its architecture and its characteristics, generating a dynamic recognition application by variation of the image capture point, whose final layer is determined by a diffuse inference system. The general architecture designed allows an efficient object recognition applicable to robotic mobile agents, whose perspective of the object varies when approaching or moving away from them, showing an overall performance of 90.19%.
The 1200 year composite ice core record of Aleutian Low intensification

Future changes in North Pacific wintertime climate will be largely determined by the response of the Aleutian Low (ALow) pressure system to anthropogenic forcing. Although the ALow has intensified over the twentieth century, global climate model projections of future ALow variability are equivocal. In order to evaluate decadal to centennial ALow forcing mechanisms and provide context for the modern intensification, here we combine a new Denali ice core (Alaska) sea‐salt sodium record with the Mount Logan ice core (Yukon) sodium record to develop a composite 1200 year record of ALow variability. The composite record indicates that the recent secular ALow intensification began circa 1741 and is unprecedented in magnitude and duration over the past millennium. North Pacific ice core snow accumulation and stable isotope records are consistent with this interpretation. The ALow intensification is associated with warming tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures, consistent with dynamic theory and instrumental correlations.
Subject Areas : Quantum Physics , Superconductivity A Viewpoint on : Realization of Microwave Quantum Circuits Using Hybrid Superconducting-Semiconducting Nanowire Josephson Elements

A Viewpoint on: Realization of Microwave Quantum Circuits Using Hybrid Superconducting-Semiconducting Nanowire Josephson Elements G. de Lange, B. van Heck, A. Bruno, D. J. van Woerkom, A. Geresdi, S. R. Plissard, E. P.A.M. Bakkers, A.R. Akhmerov, and L. DiCarlo Physical Review Letters 115, 127002 2015 – Published September 14, 2015 Semiconductor-Nanowire-Based Superconducting Qubit T.W. Larsen, K.D. Petersson, F. Kuemmeth, T. S. Jespersen, P. Krogstrup, J. Nygård, and C.M. Marcus Physical Review Letters 115, 127001 2015 – Published September 14, 2015
Absolute testing of freeform lens

The absolute testing method can be used to test the freeform lens. There are some spatial frequencies terms can’t be getting by the traditional absolute testing method such as even and odd functions method, rotation shear method, rotated equally spaced position method. In this paper we will show the losing terms in the traditional method. In this paper the freeform surface is created by 300th Zernike polynomials. The freeform lens is based on the flat lens. We use the Zernike polynomial to simulate the two flats and use the freeform surface as the three flat. According to the three flat absolute testing methods, we can simulate the testing result. The freeform flat which we use is polishing by the ion figuring machine of NTG.