Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictions of polarized dust emission from interstellar clouds: spatial variations in the efficiency of radiative torque alignment

Context. Polarization carries information about the magnetic fields in interstellar clouds. The observations of polarized dust emission are used to study the role of magnetic fields in the evolution of molecular clouds and the initial phases of star formation. Therefore, it is important to understand how different cloud regions contribute to the observed polarized signal. Aims. We study the grain alignment with realistic simulations, assuming the radiative torques to be the main mechanism. The aim is to study the efficiency of the grain alignment as a function of cloud position and to study the observable consequences of these spatial variations. Methods. Our results are based on the analysis of model clouds derived from MHD simulations of super-Alfvenic magnetized turbulent flows. The continuum radiative transfer problem is solved with Monte Carlo methods to estimate the three-dimensional distribution of dust emission and the radiation field strength. The anisotropy of the radiation field is taken into account explicitly. We also examine the effect of grain growth in cores both to the observed polarization and to the inferred magnetic field. Results. Using the assumptions of Cho & Lazarian (2005, ApJ, 631, 361), our findings are generally consistent with their results. However, the anisotropy factor is lower than their assumption of γ = 0.7, and thus radiative torques are less efficient. Compared with our previous paper, $P/I$ relations are steeper. Without grain growth, the magnetic field of the cores is poorly recovered above a few A V . If grain size is doubled, the polarized dust emission can trace the magnetic field lines possibly up to A V ~ 10 mag. However, many of the prestellar cores may be too young for grain coagulation to play a major role. The inclusion of direction-dependent radiative torque efficiency weakens the alignment. Even with doubled grain size, we would not expect to probe the magnetic field beyond a few magnitudes in A V .
Implementing Continuation based language in GCC

If CPS theory is successful, it should also be working well in practical area. Our idea is simple. How about a programming language which has continuation passing style only? How about it runs as fast as current GNU C compiler? Instead of creating complete new programming language, we designed a lower language of C, so called Continuation based C, here after CbC. Using CPS transformation like method, we can compile C into CbC, that is, we have some kind of backward compatibility. We have implemented CbC using micro-C on various architecture, and we have tried several CbC programming experiments. Here we report new partial implementation of CbC compiler[5] based on GCC 4.2. 3[1]. Since it contains full C capability, we can use CbC and C in a mixture, so when call the mixture C with C, here after CwC. First we show CbC language overview.
Stabilizing predictive control of NARX models

In this paper a predictive control algorithm for nonlinear discrete-time systems is presented. Starting from a state-space model, conditions for the asymptotic tracking of constant reference signals in a neighbourhood of a given equilibrium are first derived. Then it is shown that the system under control can be locally described in terms of a suitable NARX (Nonlinear ARX) model, which can be identified by means of well established techniques. For the NARX model, a receding-horizon predictive control algorithm is proposed which guarantees local stability and robust asymptotic tracking in the neighbourhood of the equilibrium.
Discovering Relationships among Personal and Academic Factors with Academic Performance using Association Rules

Educational environment produces a lot of information re-lated with many aspects, besides the traditional system, the growth of online educative systems and the called e-learning, have increased the amount of data available for its analysis. Data Mining oﬀers diﬀerent techniques for processing information in order to discover patterns that can be used for obtaining knowledge which helps improving or taking decisions about certain topics. This work presents the concepts related with, and the use of the called Educational Data Mining, speciﬁcally the technique of Association Rules, for obtaining relationships among the academic and personal factors with academic performance.
٢٠٠٩ ،٣ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ ،‫ﻋﴩ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﴩﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺔ‬ Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

We estimated the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the Islamic Republic of Iran by systematic review of all available studies in the country between 1996 and 2004 and aggregation of the data using meta-analysis and meta-regression methods. In those > 40 years the prevalence was 24% and it increased by 0.4% with each year after 20 years of age. The risk of type 2 diabetes was 1.7% greater in women than men (P < 0.001). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes appears higher in the Islamic Republic of Iran than in other developing countries but because of differences in age pyramids, the crude prevalence is not an appropriate indicator and age-adjusted or age-specific prevalences should be used. Prévalence du diabète de type 2 en République islamique d'Iran : étude systématique et méta-analyse RÉSUMÉ Nous avons estimé la prévalence du diabète de type 2 en République islamique d'Iran grâce à l'analyse systématique de toutes les études disponibles dans le pays entre 1996 et 2004 et à l'agrégation des données par les méthodes de méta-analyse et de méta-régression. Chez les plus de 40 ans, la prévalence était de 24 % et elle augmentait de 0,4 % par an après l'âge de 20 ans. Le risque de diabète de type 2 était supérieur de 1,7 % chez les femmes que chez les hommes (P < 0,001). La prévalence de ce diabète semble plus élevée en République islamique d'Iran que dans les autres pays en développement, mais en raison des différences dans les pyramides des âges, la prévalence brute n'est pas un bon indicateur et il convient d'utiliser la prévalence ajustée sur l'âge ou la prévalence par âge.
Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids Promote Wound Healing through Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAP Kinases) Signaling Pathway in Keratinocytes

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are secondary metabolites found in diverse marine, freshwater, and terrestrial organisms. Evidence suggests that MAAs have several beneficial effects on skin homeostasis such as protection against UV radiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, MAAs are also involved in the modulation of skin fibroblasts proliferation. However, the regulatory function of MAAs on wound repair in human skin is not yet clearly elucidated. To investigate the roles of MAAs on the wound healing process in human keratinocytes, three MAAs, Shinorine (SH), Mycosporine-glycine (M-Gly), and Porphyra (P334) were purified from Chlamydomonas hedlyei and Porphyra yezoensis. We found that SH, M-Gly, and P334 have significant effects on the wound healing process in human keratinocytes and these effects were mediated by activation of focal adhesion kinases (FAK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). These results suggest that MAAs accelerate wound repair by activating the FAK-MAPK signaling pathways. This study also indicates that MAAs can act as a new wound healing agent and further suggests that MAAs might be a novel biomaterial for wound healing therapies.
Ligand-induced Degradation of the Ethylene Receptor ETR2 through a Proteasome-dependent Pathway in Arabidopsis*

Protein degradation plays an important role in modulating ethylene signal transduction in plants. Here we show that the ethylene receptor ETR2 is one such target for degradation and that its degradation is dependent upon perception of the signaling ligand ethylene. The ETR2 protein is initially induced by ethylene treatment, consistent with an increase in transcript levels. At ethylene concentrations above 1 μl/liter, however, ETR2 protein levels subsequently decrease in a post-transcriptional fashion. Genetic and chemical approaches indicate that ethylene perception by the receptors initiates the reduction in ETR2 protein levels. The ethylene-induced decrease in ETR2 levels is not affected by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein biosynthesis, but is affected by proteasome inhibitors, indicating a role for the proteasome in ETR2 degradation. Ethylene-induced degradation still occurs in seedlings treated with brefeldin A, indicating that degradation of ETR2 does not require exit from its subcellular location at the endoplasmic reticulum. These data support a model in which ETR2 is degraded by a proteasome-dependent pathway in response to ethylene binding. Implications of this model for ethylene signaling are discussed.
An Analysis of a White Preservice Teacher’s Reflections on Race and Young Children Within an Urban School Context

Building upon research that theorizes and documents students’ perceptions of race, racial attitudes, and treatment by teachers, this article explores the impact of resegregation on how children of Color see and experience race in schools, specifically in relation to their teachers. Drawing upon our interpretations of a White preservice teacher’s interactions with two African American elementary students, the students’ awareness of her race, and their subsequent “racialized” perceptions of her effectiveness as a teacher, we explore the domino effects of racial and economic segregation on young children’s schooling experiences, particularly as they relate to their relationships with teachers.
A Collaborative Inter Data Grids Strong Semantic Model with Hybrid Namespace

The intention is to design a hybrid namespace collaboration model for existing organizations to pay lower cost (initial and running) in order to join it. Data resources will be allowed to have colliding names. The contributing organization will be free to set any rules for its internal users to follow (such as taxonomy). However, it will have to take care of a very simple interface to the intended model in order to introduce new contributed resources or to query external ones. Traditional data grids will join this model (represented by proxy agents) to provide their content while their owners can join as users of relevant servers to explore relevant resources to keep their content up to date. A hierarchical namespace will be maintained in order to uniquely identify data resources. (Full names are the local names prefixed with the ID of owner data grid for uniqueness.) If the full name is queried, the corresponding resource is sought in the wide group of collaborating data grids. If the local name is queried, it is fetched in the local data grid. Similar and related topics in different places in the hierarchy will be linked for robustness. Otherwise, a comprehensive search should be performed all over the whole hierarchy
CLEVER: A cloud-enabled virtual environment

A cloud-enabled virtual environment called CLEVER is proposed in this paper. CLEVER simplifies the access management of private/hybrid clouds and provides simple and easily accessible interfaces to interact with different “interconnected” clouds, deploy Virtual Machines and perform load balancing through migration. The concept of interface is also exploited for integrating security, contextualization, VM disk image management and federation functionalities made available from higher level software components. Due to its pluggable design, CLEVER is able to grant high scalability, modularity and flexibility in the middleware architecture, while fault tolerance requirements are also satisfied. A prototype version of CLEVER has been developed to implement and test its main features, as discussed in the final part the paper.
Optimization planning of low-rise residential buildings

This paper presents a novel heuristic algorithm to solve the problem of optimal planning low-rise residential buildings. For this problem, many engineering companies try to use efficient methods to reduce costs. Firstly, it is shown that a comprehensive search is only effective on a small number of data. Then, a novel heuristic algorithm is proposed, which handles large amounts of data efficiently. The heuristic algorithm for planning one-storied buildings has been designed. On the basis of this algorithm, an algorithm for planning low-rise buildings has been developed (the algorithm was tested on three-four-storied buildings). The results are compared with those of the algorithm optimization based on comprehensive search. All test cases have shown that the algorithm at low dimension gives the best results. Computation time of the heuristic algorithm is different from the that of the comprehensive search by hundreds of times.
A Molecular Basis for the Interplay between T Cells, Viral Mutants, and Human Leukocyte Antigen Micropolymorphism*

Background: The impact of EBV variation on T cell immunity is unclear. Results: We determined the structures of EBV epitopes bound to HLA-B*35:01/08 and examined the associated T cell responses. Conclusion: Viral mutation and HLA polymorphism interplay causes changes in epitope conformation. Significance: We provide a basis for the impact of EBV strain variation on cellular immunity in humans. Mutations within T cell epitopes represent a common mechanism of viral escape from the host protective immune response. The diverse T cell repertoire and the extensive human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphism across populations is the evolutionary response to viral mutation. However, the molecular basis underpinning the interplay between HLA polymorphism, the T cell repertoire, and viral escape is unclear. Here we investigate the T cell response to a HLA-B*35:01- and HLA-B*35:08-restricted 407HPVGEADYFEY417 epitope from Epstein-Barr virus and naturally occurring variants at positions 4 and 5 thereof. Each viral variant differently impacted on the epitope's flexibility and conformation when bound to HLA-B*35:08 or HLA-B*35:01. We provide a molecular basis for understanding how the single residue polymorphism that discriminates between HLA-B*35:01/08 profoundly impacts on T cell receptor recognition. Surprisingly, one viral variant (P5-Glu to P5-Asp) effectively changed restriction preference from HLA-B*35:01 to HLA-B*35:08. Collectively, our study portrays the interplay between the T cell response, viral escape, and HLA polymorphism, whereby HLA polymorphism enables altered presentation of epitopes from different strains of Epstein-Barr virus.
The structure of reflection as the basis of the procedural organization of consciousness

The relationship of consciousness to the reflexive processes is one of the fundamental problems in psychology. To date, however, many important aspects of this problem remain poorly understood. This article attempts a theoretical study of this problem. The subject of research is the interconnection between consciousness and reflexive processes and also the structure of these processes. This study presents theoretical and empirical materials revealing the interrelatedness of these two fundamental subjects of psychological research. In connection with this issue, I introduce a new methodology for psychological research, which I refer to as the metasystem approach. This approach is grounded in the claim that reflection is the basic procedural means of consciousness and is based on a heterarchical principle. This article proposes a new structural, polyprocess method for reveaing the psychological nature of reflection and the contents of reflexive processes. I propose a new explanation for the basic properties of the psyche that underlie consciousness: self-sensitiveness (sensitivity to oneself). I theoretically prove the following proposition: reflection has a fundamental heterogeneity because its processes are localized on completely different hierarchical cognitive levels of personality. In addition, I show that in the structural organization of reflection as an integral process in relation to other (“secondary,” metacognitive) processes, another basic principle is involved — the principle of hierarchy. The property of reflexivity (and the process of reflection as a procedural manifestation of this property) should be understood as a species in relation to the more common attribute inherent in the psyche: self-sensitiveness. Elementary manifestations of this property have been observed for the simplest sensory processes.
Species Richness and Assemblages in Landscapes of Different Farming Intensity – Time to Revise Conservation Strategies?

Worldwide conservation goals to protect biodiversity emphasize the need to rethink which objectives are most suitable for different landscapes. Comparing two different Swedish farming landscapes, we used survey data on birds and vascular plants to test whether landscapes with large, intensively managed farms had lower richness and diversity of the two taxa than landscapes with less intensively managed small farms, and if they differed in species composition. Landscapes with large intensively managed farms did not have lower richness than smaller low intensively managed farms. The landscape types were also similar in that they had few red listed species, normally targeted in conservation. Differences in species composition demonstrate that by having both types of agricultural landscapes regional diversity is increased, which is seldom captured in the objectives for agro-environmental policies. Thus we argue that focus on species richness or red listed species would miss the actual diversity found in the two landscape types. Biodiversity conservation, especially in production landscapes, would therefore benefit from a hierarchy of local to regional objectives with explicit targets in terms of which aspects of biodiversity to focus on.
Diversified Carbohydrate-Binding Lectins from Marine Resources

Marine bioresources produce a great variety of specific and potent bioactive molecules including natural organic compounds such as fatty acids, polysaccharides, polyether, peptides, proteins, and enzymes. Lectins are also one of the promising candidates for useful therapeutic agents because they can recognize the specific carbohydrate structures such as proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids, resulting in the regulation of various cells via glycoconjugates and their physiological and pathological phenomenon through the host-pathogen interactions and cell-cell communications. Here, we review the multiple lectins from marine resources including fishes and sea invertebrate in terms of their structure-activity relationships and molecular evolution. Especially, we focus on the unique structural properties and molecular evolution of C-type lectins, galectin, F-type lectin, and rhamnose-binding lectin families.
RALib : A LearnLib extension for inferring EFSMs

Formal models are often used to describe the behavior of a computer program or component. Behavioral models have many different usages, e.g., in model-based techniques for software development and verification,such as model checking and model based testing.The application of model-based techniques is hampered by the current lack of adequate models for most actual systems, largely due to the significant manual effort typically needed to construct them. To remedy this, automata learning techniques (whereby models can be inferred by performing tests on a component) have been developed for finite automata that capture control flow. However, many usages requiremodels also to capture data flow, i.e., how behavior is affected by data values in method invocations and commands. Unfortunately, techniques are less developed for models that combinecontrol flow with data.In this thesis, we extend automata learning to infer automata models that captureboth control flow and data flow. We base our technique on a corresponding extension of classical automata theoryto capture data.We define a formalism for register automata, a model that extends finite automata by adding registers that can store data values and be used in guards and assignments on transitions. Our formalism is parameterized on a theory, i.e., a set of relations on a data domain. We present a Nerode congruence for the languages that our register automata can recognize, and provide a Myhill-Nerode theorem for constructing canonical register automata, thereby extending classical automata theory to register automata.We also present a learning algorithm for register automata: the new SL* algorithm, which extends the well-known L* algorithm for finite automata. The SL* algorithm is based on our new Nerode congruence, and uses a novel technique to infer symbolic data constraints on parameters. We evaluated our algorithm in a black-box scenario, inferring, e.g., the connection establishment phase of TCP and a priority queue, in addition to a number of smaller models. The SL* algorithm is implemented in a tool, which allows for use in more realistic settings, e.g., where models have both input and output, and for directly inferring Java classes.
A QUADRATIC C 0 INTERIOR PENALTY METHOD FOR THE DISPLACEMENT OBSTACLE PROBLEM OF CLAMPED

Abstract. We study a quadratic C0 interior penalty method for the displacement obstacle problem of Kirchhoff plates with general Dirichlet boundary conditions on general polygonal domains. Under the conditions that the obstacles are sufficiently smooth and separated from each other and the boundary displacement, we prove that the magnitudes of the errors in the energy norm and the L∞ norm are O(hα), where h is the mesh size and α > 12 is determined by the interior angles of the polygonal domain. We also address the approximations of the coincidence set and the free boundary. The performance of the method is illustrated by numerical results.
Identifying Early Markers of “Late Onset” Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptoms

Objective: In recent years, there has been an increased focus on “late onset” ADHD, referring to the onset of symptoms beyond childhood, into adolescence and adulthood. We aimed to identify childhood predictors of ADHD symptom increases over development. Method: We used growth mixture modeling to evaluate predictors of a “late onset” symptom trajectories in a longitudinal cohort study of youth measured at eight points from ages 7 to 15. Results: Individuals with high levels of sensation seeking at age 7 were more likely to show a trajectory of ADHD symptoms characterized by increasing levels from age 7 than persistently low symptom levels. Conclusion: The late versus early onset distinction may align with the distinction between deficits in “bottom-up” versus “top-down” processes previously discussed in relation to ADHD. Results also raise the possibility that later onset symptoms could be predicted based on characteristics in childhood.