Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Des poissons et des mares : l'analyse de réseaux multi-niveaux

Cet article propose une approche neo-structurale de la dimension multi-niveaux de la vie organisationnelle et sociale. L’approche exploree s’appuie sur une etude de reseaux multiniveaux observant deux systemes d’interdependances superposes et partiellement emboites, l’un inter-organisationnel et l’autre inter-individuel. Nous proposons un mode d’articulation de ces niveaux, la methode du linked design structural. Cette methode consiste a examiner separement des reseaux complets de niveaux differents, puis a les articuler grâce a des informations systematiques sur l’appartenance de chaque individu du premier reseau (interindividuel) a l’une des organisations du second reseau (inter-organisationnel). L’approche fondee sur ce double positionnement structural est mise en œuvre dans une recherche empirique sur les variations de performance au sein de l’« elite » de la recherche francaise en cancerologie en 1999. Grâce a des mesures de centralite, nous identifions les acteurs que ces chercheurs considerent comme centraux ou peripheriques a l’echelle inter-individuelle (les gros et les petits poissons) et les laboratoires que les directeurs de recherche considerent comme centraux ou peripheriques a l’echelle inter-organisationnelle (les grandes ou les petites mares). Au-dela du constat trivial de l’avantage concurrentiel des gros poissons dans les grandes mares (en particulier du fait de la prime a la taille dans ce domaine de recherche), nous mettons en evidence, dans la course a la performance scientifique mesuree a l’echelle individuelle, des strategies de « rattrapage » utilisees dans ce systeme par les plus petits poissons. Nous suggerons que cette methode apporte une connaissance originale de la dimension multi-niveaux des systemes d’interdependances et de la maniere dont les acteurs gerent ces interdependances. Nous pensons qu’elle ajoute une dimension nouvelle a l’exploration meso-sociologique, que ce soit pour l’etude des inegalites sociales ou pour celle du role des elites dans les changements institutionnels.
Manufacturing and banking of mesenchymal stem cells

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and MSC-like cells hold great promise and offer many advantages for developing effective cellular therapeutics. Current trends indicate that the clinical application of MSC will continue to increase markedly. For clinical applications, large numbers of MSC are usually required, ideally in an off-the-shelf format, thus requiring extensive MSC expansion ex vivo and subsequent cryopreservation and banking. Areas covered: To exploit the full potential of MSC for cell-based therapies requires overcoming significant cell-manufacturing, banking and regulatory challenges. The current review will focus on the identification of optimal cell source for MSC, the techniques for production scale-up, cryopreservation and banking and the regulatory challenges involved. Expert opinion: There has been considerable success manufacturing and cryopreserving MSC at laboratory scale. Surprisingly little attention, however, has been given to translate these technologies to an industrial scale. The development of cost-effective advanced technologies for producing and cryopreserving commercial-scale MSC is important for successful clinical cell therapy.
Structural Analysis of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Data

From the clinical diagnosis point of view in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has proven to be a valuable tool for performing non-invasive quantitative assessments of brain tumour glucose metabolism. Brain tumours are considered fast-growth tumours because of their high rate of proliferation. Therefore, there is strong interest from the clinical investigator’s point of view in the development of early tumour detection techniques. Unfortunately, current diagnosis techniques ignore the dynamic aspects of these signals. It is largely believed that temporal variations of NMR spectra are simply due to noise or do not carry enough information to be exploited by any reliable diagnosis procedure. Thus, current diagnosis procedures are mainly based on empirical observations extracted from single averaged spectra. In this paper, a machine learning framework for the analysis of NMR spectroscopy signals is introduced. The proposed framework is characterized by a set of structural parameters that are shown to be very sensitive to metabolic changes as those exhibited by tumour cells. Furthermore, they are able to cope not only with highdimensional characteristics of NMR data but also with the dynamic aspects of these signals.
SYNTHESIS, ASSEMBLY, AND SECRETION OF GAMMA GLOBULIN BY MOUSE MYELOMA CELLS

MPC-11 myeloma tumor cells were adapted to growth in continuous culture. The cultured cells resembled the parent tumor in that they produced the fully assembled gamma globulin molecules as well as six unassembled molecules. Although cultured and tumor cells synthesized excess light chains, the molar ratio of light (L) to heavy (H) chains was approximately 1.7:1 in the culture, and 3.5:1 in the tumor. The cultured cells also produced fewer half molecules and free light chains than the parent tumor. Peptide column analysis did not reveal differences in the primary structure of the H chains derived from the parent tumor and the culture. The L chains may have differed by a minor peptide. As much as 20% of the newly labeled cytoplasmic proteins and almost 100% of the proteins secreted by the cultured myeloma cells could be precipitated by specific antiserum. The immune precipitates contained seven different gamma globulin molecules, six of which were characterized according to their molecular size and H and L chain content as fully assembled molecules (H2L2), heavy chain dimers (H2), half molecules (HL), H, light chain dimers (L2), and L chains. All gamma globulin subunits as well as the complete H2L2 molecule were produced and secreted by splenic clones of the parent MPC-11 tumor, and agar clones of the cultured cells. This indicates that the various gamma globulin subunits were produced by the same cell and did not reflect cellular heterogeneity with respect to gamma globulin synthesis.
Judicial Perspectives on Family Drug Treatment Courts

Family Drug Treatment Courts are a specialized calendar or docket that operates within the juvenile dependency court. These courts provide the setting for a collaborative effort by the court and all the participants in the child protection system to come together in a non-adversarial setting to determine the individual treatment needs of substance-abusing parents whose children are under the jurisdiction of the dependency court. This article is intended to give judges and others a judicial perspective on FDTCs, and to offer some assistance for those who are operating or who are considering creating one.
Are those in need taking dietary supplements? A survey of 21 923 adults

Many people take dietary supplements, but information on characteristics associated with their use is lacking. The relationship between lifestyle behaviours, morbidity and use of dietary supplements has not been examined and earlier studies have limited applicability to a general population. These issues were addressed in the current study. Information was obtained by postal questionnaire sent to a sample of the general population. The questionnaire was completed by 70·5% of the sample (15465 from a total sample of 21923), with at least one-third (35·5%) taking dietary supplements. In adjusted analyses, supplement users were more likely to be women, white, home-owners, non-smokers and physically active. Use of vitamin, mineral and/or antioxidant supplements was associated with eating more fruits and vegetables, and taking fish-oil supplements was associated with eating oil-rich fish. A history of CVD or risk factors for CVD reduced the risk of taking vitamins, minerals and/or antioxidants or fish-oil supplements. Those reporting musculoskeletal disorders such as arthritis were more likely to take fish-oil supplements For the first time, we have shown that dietary supplement use is related to different types of morbidity. In particular, people at risk of primary or secondary CVD seem less likely to use dietary supplements, despite possible benefits shown in clinical trials. Public health organisations need to develop guidelines for the public and health professionals regarding the uncontrolled use of dietary supplements in the community.
Expression Profiling and Bioinformatic Analyses of a Novel Stress-Regulated Multispanning Transmembrane Protein Family from Cereals and Arabidopsis1,212

Cold acclimation is a multigenic trait that allows hardy plants to develop efficient tolerance mechanisms needed for winter survival. To determine the genetic nature of these mechanisms, several cold-responsive genes of unknown function were identified from cold-acclimated wheat (Triticum aestivum). To identify the putative functions and structural features of these new genes, integrated genomic approaches of data mining, expression profiling, and bioinformatic predictions were used. The analyses revealed that one of these genes is a member of a small family that encodes two distinct groups of multispanning transmembrane proteins. The cold-regulated (COR)413-plasma membrane and COR413-thylakoid membrane groups are potentially targeted to the plasma membrane and thylakoid membrane, respectively. Further sequence analysis of the two groups from different plant species revealed the presence of a highly conserved phosphorylation site and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchoring site at the C-terminal end. No homologous sequences were found in other organisms suggesting that this family is specific to the plant kingdom. Intraspecies and interspecies comparative gene expression profiling shows that the expression of this gene family is correlated with the development of freezing tolerance in cereals and Arabidopsis. In addition, several members of the family are regulated by water stress, light, and abscisic acid. Structure predictions and comparative genome analyses allow us to propose that the cor413 genes encode putative G-protein-coupled receptors.
Developing an Ontology for Individual and Organizational Sociotechnical Indicators of Insider Threat Risk

Human behavioral factors are fundamental to understanding, detecting and mitigating insider threats, but to date insufficiently represented in a formal ontology. We report on the design and development of an ontology that emphasizes individual and organizational sociotechnical factors, and incorporates technical indicators from previous work. We compare our ontology with previous research and describe use cases to demonstrate how the ontology may be applied. Our work advances current efforts toward development of a comprehensive knowledge base to support advanced reasoning for insider threat mitigation. Keywords— insider threat; sociotechnical indicators ontology; domain knowledge representation; SME knowledge modeling; human behavioral modeling; domain knowledge sharing
Computer Mediated Communication and Student Learning in Large Introductory Sociology Classes

Over the past several years, scholars of teaching and learning have demonstrated the potential of collaborative learning strategies for improving student learning. This paper examines the use of computer-mediated communication to promote collaborative student learning in large introductory sociology courses. Specifically, we summarize a project we conducted during the 2000-2001 academic year in which we added online collaborative learning activities to the curriculum of two large sections of introductory sociology. Drawing on Novak et al.'s (1999) Just-In-Time Teaching methods, we developed online activities to help prepare students for subsequent in-class work and to cultivate a sense of group solidarity among smaller teams within the larger class. The results suggest that student engagement in the online group learning activities was strongly predictive of better student academic achievement on the biweekly quizzes, cumulative final exam, and course paper. These findings highlight the potential value of online group work for fostering collaborative learning environments in large lecture courses as well as for enhancing student learning.
Topoisomerase II regulates yeast genes with singular chromatin architectures

Eukaryotic topoisomerase II (topo II) is the essential decatenase of newly replicated chromosomes and the main relaxase of nucleosomal DNA. Apart from these general tasks, topo II participates in more specialized functions. In mammals, topo IIα interacts with specific RNA polymerases and chromatin-remodeling complexes, whereas topo IIβ regulates developmental genes in conjunction with chromatin remodeling and heterochromatin transitions. Here we show that in budding yeast, topo II regulates the expression of specific gene subsets. To uncover this, we carried out a genomic transcription run-on shortly after the thermal inactivation of topo II. We identified a modest number of genes not involved in the general stress response but strictly dependent on topo II. These genes present distinctive functional and structural traits in comparison with the genome average. Yeast topo II is a positive regulator of genes with well-defined promoter architecture that associates to chromatin remodeling complexes; it is a negative regulator of genes extremely hypo-acetylated with complex promoters and undefined nucleosome positioning, many of which are involved in polyamine transport. These findings indicate that yeast topo II operates on singular chromatin architectures to activate or repress DNA transcription and that this activity produces functional responses to ensure chromatin stability.
Representaciones, roles, y resistencias, de las mujeres en contextos de violencia

Partiendo de que todo conocimiento es situado, el articulo subraya la importancia de pensar desde las vidas de los grupos excluidos, en este caso las mujeres, para llenar los silencios y olvidos de las disciplinas. Tomando como base la epistemologia del Feminist Standpoint, repasa distintas representaciones y miradas que los hombres proyectan sobre las mujeres en contextos de violencia y que influyen en su modo de tratarlas, nacidas de estereotipos y estructuras de dominio, sexuales y culturales. Repasa tambien las construcciones que las mujeres hacen de si mismas, asi como la diversidad de sus opciones ante la violencia. Sin negar su complicidad en el mantenimiento del imaginario masculino estereotipado ni su corresponsabilidad en el ejercicio de la violencia, la autora busca destacar las imagenes y fortalezas que ellas construyen de manera mas autonoma.
Autonomy and motivation: which comes first?

When motivation has been discussed in relation to autonomy in language learning, it has often been put forward as a product of autonomy. This paper suggests a more complex relationship in which motivation in many cases precedes autonomy. It discusses some of the relevant literature and presents results from a large-scale study of Hong Kong tertiary students. The study aimed to assess students’ readiness for learner autonomy in language learning by examining their views of their responsibilities and those of their teachers’, their confidence in their ability to operate autonomously and their assessment of their level of motivation to learn English. It also investigated their actual practice of autonomous learning in the form of both outside and inside class activities. Results indicated that motivation played a key role in this readiness, and this led the authors to look at the relationship between autonomy and motivation as revealed in the study and in the literature. The findings lead the authors to conclude that motivation is a key factor that influences the extent to which learners are ready to learn autonomously, and that teachers might therefore endeavour to ensure motivation before they train students to become autonomous.
Towards safe physical human-robot interaction: An online optimal control scheme

Operating in the proximity of humans has been a long-term challenge in robotics research. To achieve this objective, one of the main issues is to ensure safe and comfortable physical human-robot interaction (pHRI). In this paper, we tackle the safety problem at the control level. To ensure operation is within perceived safe zone, we use model predictive control, which finds the optimal control signal online, while imposing predefined safety constraints on the robotic system. The strength of this method lies in allowing the system to perform close to, or at the edge of the constraints' boundaries. In contrast to other works we consider here perceived safety; the constraints for perceived safety are derived in a competitive pHRI experiment. The perceived safety and comfort of the proposed approach is then evaluated with a second, game-like pHRI experiment.
Psychological Aspects of Risk and Aggression among Motorcyclists - "Mad Max" Syndrome

The primary objective of this study was the psychological examination of a group of Polish motorcyclists against a group of students and graduates of Technical Universities. This work poses a question regarding the differences in temperament, aggression and the level of risk between motorcyclists and the control group. The second question was whether it was possible to create a typology of Polish motorcyclists taking into account the variables describing risk, temperament and aggression. This study used the Pavlovian Temperamental Scale (Strelau, Zawadzki, 1998), Stimulating-Instrumental Risk Inventory, SIRI 2001 (Zaleśkiewicz 2001), Multifactor Risky Behavior Scale (Studenski 2004), Unhealthy behavior Inventory (Makarowski 2008) and the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (1992). The tests were performed on 267 motorcyclists and 188 students and graduates of Technical Universities. A number of important differences was observed between the motorcyclists and the control group. Motorcyclists had a higher level of mobility of nervous processes and higher degree of excitation at the lower level of inhibitory processes. In terms of the measured level of risk they also had a higher level of stimulating, instrumental and unhealthy risk, at the lower levels of physical, social, ethical and financial risk in relation to the control group. Cluster and confirmation analyses showed the existence of three sub-groups of motorcyclists: prevaricators, ones with a Mad Max syndrome, and adventurers. The confirmation analysis was carried out on an additional group of 243 motorcyclists.
If intelligence is a cause, it is a within-subjects cause

Borsboom, Mellenbergh, and van Heerden argue that latent variables such as intelligence should be given a between-subjects causal interpretation, but not a within-subjects causal interpretation. That is, while intelligence is a cause of one subject’s doing better than another on an IQ test, there is no non-comparative sense in which intelligence – as standardly measured – is a cause of an individual’s performance. Here I expand upon Pearl’s discussion of Simpson’s paradox to show that there cannot be a cause in a population that is not a cause in at least one of its members and that, consequently, causal variables cannot have an exclusively between-subjects interpretation. The illusion that they can results from not properly distinguishing between causal and non-causal models.
Mediatizing educational policy: the journalistic field, science policy, and cross‐field effects

This paper is concerned to demonstrate the usefulness of the theory of Bourdieu, including the concepts of field, logics of practice and habitus, to understanding relationships between media and policy, what Fairclough has called the ‘mediatization’ of policy. Specifically, the paper draws upon Bourdieu’s accessible account of the journalistic field as outlined in On television and journalism. The usefulness of this work is illustrated through a case study of a recent Australian science policy, The chance to change. As this policy went through various iterations and media representations, its naming and structure became more aphoristic. This is the mediatization of contemporary policy, which often results in policy as sound bite. The case study also shows the cross‐field effects of this policy in education, illustrating how today educational policy can be spawned from developments in other public policy fields.
Ordered thoughts on thought disorder

AIMS AND METHOD To review and clarify the large number of psychophenomenological terms used to describe thought disorder. The most recent editions of the major psychiatric textbooks and medical dictionaries in the library of a London teaching hospital were used to compile a list of such terms. The various, often conflicting definitions were compared. RESULTS There were 68 terms identified. There was significant redundancy in these terms (i.e. more terms than significantly different concepts described). Different sources gave different definitions for the same terms. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The understanding of many of the terms used to describe thought disorder is poor. This is confusing for clinicians, trainees and patients.
Supply of Hunting Leases from Non-Industrial Private Forest Lands in Alabama

We used a two-step approach to jointly analyze participation of non-industrial private forest landowners in hunting leases and the determinants of hunting lease fees. Data for this study were obtained from a survey of landowners in Alabama (n = 227). The results show that land ownership type, tract size, and landowners’ place of residence, employment status, and concern for personal safety are determinants of participation in hunting leases. Factors influencing hunting lease fees include site-specific characteristics such as share of agricultural land relative to forest land, tract size, year-round water availability, type of access, and enhanced features such as streamside management zone, habitat improvement desirable to wildlife, and provision of services. The study has implications for landowners’ land use decisions and economic returns. This research is partially funded by Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources and Alabama Forestry Commission. We are thankful to Amy Griliot and two anonymous reviewers and the editor of this journal for comments that have led to a significant improvement to this article. All remaining errors belong to the authors.
A Meta-Analytic Review of Quantitative Studies on Emotional Intelligence and Leadership

Ever since Daniel Goleman (1998) maintained that emotional intelligence is the “sine qua non” of leadership, the link between emotional intelligence and leadership has become a topic of widespread interest in leadership research. The overriding focus of the leadership literature has been on emotional intelligence as hypothesized competencies or traits of individual leaders to affect leadership behaviors, effectiveness or emergence (e.g., Leban and Zulauf, 2004; Hawkins and Dulewicz, 2007; Rego et al., 2007). Many studies have found that leaders’ emotional intelligence explains a high proportion of variance in leadership effectiveness and a variety of organizational outcomes (e.g., Carmeli, 2003; Ozcelik et al., 2008). A significant range of literature also provides empirical evidence to support the notion that emotional intelligence is a predictor of transformational leadership (Barbuto and Burbach, 2006; Leban and Zulauf, 2004; Mandell and Pherwani, 2003; Duckett and Macfarlane, 2003). Despite all the evidence supporting the positive value of emotional intelligence on leadership, several studies have produced contradictions regarding the necessity of emotional intelligence for leadership behavior, practices or effectiveness by arguing that more data based on defensible methodologies are needed to prove the validity of the EI/leadership link (Antonakis, 2003; Antonakis et al., 2009; Locke, 2005).