Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing spectrum compatibility for beyond-line-of-sight UAS control and non-payload communications

In order to provide for the safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System (NAS), the control and non-payload communications (CNPC) link must be highly reliable. A specific requirement is that it must operate using aviation safety radiofrequency spectrum. Two types of links are required - line-of-sight (LOS) using terrestrial-based communications and beyond-line-of-sight (BLOS) using satellite communications. The 2012 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-12) provided a suitable allocation for LOS CNPC spectrum in the 5030-5091 MHz band which, when combined with a previously existing allocation fulfills the LOS spectrum requirement. The 5030-5091 MHz band is also allocated for BLOS CNPC, but since a significant portion of that band is required for LOS CNPC, additional BLOS spectrum is required. More critically, there are no satellites in operation or in development to provide such services in that band. Hence BLOS CNPC cannot be provided in protected aviation spectrum under current conditions. To fill this gap and enable integration of UAS into the NAS, it has been proposed to allow CNPC to operate over certain Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) bands in which many satellites currently provide commercial services. To enable this, changes in international regulation must be enacted. Agenda Item 1.5 of the 2015 WRC examines the possible regulatory changes needed. As part of the examination process, sharing between potential UAS using satellite communications for BLOS CNPC and other services allocated to the FSS bands being considered must be studied. This paper reviews the technical requirements and approach being undertaken for these sharing studies, with emphasis on study of interference from UAS into digital repeater links operating under the Fixed Service allocation. These studies are being conducted by NASA Glenn Research Center.
The genetics of neuroticism and human values

Human values and personality have been shown to share genetic variance in twin studies. However, there is a lack of evidence about the genetic components of this association. This study examined the interplay between genes, values and personality in the case of neuroticism, because polygenic scores were available for this personality trait. First, we replicated prior evidence of a positive association between the polygenic neuroticism score (PNS) and neuroticism. Second, we found that the PNS was significantly associated with the whole human value space in a sinusoidal waveform that was consistent with Schwartz's circular model of human values. These results suggest that it is useful to consider human values in the analyses of genetic contributions to personality traits. They also pave the way for an investigation of the biological mechanisms contributing to human value orientations.
A low energy SRAM-based physically unclonable function primitive in 28 nm CMOS

A 0.6 V low energy 64 kb SRAM-based PUF macro protected with a multi-bit error correcting circuit is fabricated in a 28 nm LP-CMOS process. The static noise margin difference (ΔSNM) is proposed as a design-time cell asymmetry metric for characterizing bitcell PUF response reproducibility. The ΔSNM is then used in conjunction with a Pelgrom's model based design methodology to compare a set of eight 6T SRAM bitcells designed to operate over a 0.6 V to 1.0 V voltage range. Majority voting and data integrity masking is used to reduce the error correction parity-bit overhead by 65% to yield 100% reproducible PUF responses. Finally, measurement results over a set of five test chips show an average active access energy of 0.045 fJ/bit-cycle.
Nonlinear spatial normalization using basis functions

We describe a comprehensive framework for performing rapid and automatic nonlabel‐based nonlinear spatial normalizations. The approach adopted minimizes the residual squared difference between an image and a template of the same modality. In order to reduce the number of parameters to be fitted, the nonlinear warps are described by a linear combination of low spatial frequency basis functions. The objective is to determine the optimum coefficients for each of the bases by minimizing the sum of squared differences between the image and template, while simultaneously maximizing the smoothness of the transformation using a maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach. Most MAP approaches assume that the variance associated with each voxel is already known and that there is no covariance between neighboring voxels. The approach described here attempts to estimate this variance from the data, and also corrects for the correlations between neighboring voxels. This makes the same approach suitable for the spatial normalization of both high‐quality magnetic resonance images, and low‐resolution noisy positron emission tomography images. A fast algorithm has been developed that utilizes Taylor's theorem and the separable nature of the basis functions, meaning that most of the nonlinear spatial variability between images can be automatically corrected within a few minutes. Hum. Brain Mapping 7:254–266, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
1 RSG Uplift in the Midwest ISO Footprint : Just Because the Rooster Crows

The allocation of Revenue Sufficiency Guarantee (RSG) charges at the Midwest ISO is an example of how ad hoc regulatory solutions, not fully supported by analysis, can have some unintended results. A cited reason for pursuing these regulatory solutions is the lack of estimates of the marginal contribution to RSG by potential causes. This work demonstrates that it is possible to estimate the marginal contribution of hypothesized causal factors to the incurrence of RSG. Using econometric methods, measures of the marginal contribution of various potential causes for RSG are estimated. These measures indicate that different factors result in quite different levels of increase in RSG. This work has resulted in the development of a probative model which could be used to craft tariff language, identify potential market distortions, and develop metrics for evaluation of RSG generating processes.
Auditory model based speech recognition in noisy environment

The main purpose of this paper is to present how to raise the speech recognition performance in noisy environment. So far the most popularly used speech feature in speech recognition is probably the so-called MFCC. The recognition rate of speech recognition algorithm using MFCC and CDHMM is known to be very high in clean speech environment, but it deteriorates greatly in noisy environment, especially in the white noisy environment. In this paper, we propose a new speech feature, the ASBF speech feature based on the mathematical model of inner ear of human auditory system. This new speech feature is extracted using both mathematical model of inner ear and primary auditory nerve processing model of human auditory system, and it can track the speech formants effectively. In the experiment, the performance of MFCC and the ASBF are compared in both clean and noisy environments when using left-to-right CDHMM with 6 states and 5 Gaussian mixtures. The experimental result shows that the ASBF is much more robust to noise than MFCC. When only 5 dimension is used in ASBF vector, the recognition rate is approximately 38.6% higher than the traditional MFCC with 39 dimension in the condition of S/N=10dB with white noise.
Partial Cavity Instabilities and Re-Entrant Jet

The purpose of this talk is to give an overview of different instabilities which can affect partial cavitation. We shall focus on the case of a unique partial cavity attached to an isolated hydrofoil or to the throat of a Venturi. Another paper presented by Tsujimoto (2001) in this conference is dedicated to cavitation instabilities in turbomachinery, where several cavities are simultaneously present and can interact. In this paper, we have deliberately chosen to emphasize some particular aspects of partial cavity instabilities, especially the re-entrant jet instability and the associated cloud cavitation. Some discussions reflect our personal point of view on a subject still in progress.
Agreement in the Classification and Treatment of the Superior Labrum

Background: The Snyder classification scheme is the most commonly used system for classifying superior labral injuries. Although this scheme is intended to be used for arthroscopic visual classification only, it is thought that other nonarthroscopic historical variables also influence the classification. Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the intrasurgeon and intersurgeon agreement in classifying variable presentations of the superior labrum and to evaluate the influence of clinical variables on the classification and treatment choices of surgeons. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A group of arthroscopic shoulder surgeons were asked to rank in order of importance clinical variables considered in diagnosing and treating the superior labrum. The surgeons then watched 50 arthroscopic videos of the superior labrum, ranging from normal to pathologic, on 3 different occasions. The first and third viewings were accompanied by no clinical information. The second viewing was accompanied by a detailed clinical vignette for each video. The surgeons selected a classification and treatment for each video. Results: A patient’s job/sport, age, and physical examination findings were considered the most important clinical variables surgeons consider during management of the superior labrum. Comparing the 2 viewings without clinical information, surgeons selected a different classification 28.5% of the time from the first to the second time. A different classification was chosen 71.5% of the time when the surgeon was supplied a clinical vignette at the subsequent viewing. Similarly, the treatment selected changed in 36% and 69.1% of cases when viewed again without vignettes and with vignettes, respectively. Intersurgeon agreement was moderate without clinical vignettes and fair with vignettes. Historical, physical examination, and surgical observations were found to influence the odds of change of classification. Conclusion: There is significant intrasurgeon and intersurgeon variability in classification and treatment of the superior labrum. Clinical historical, examination, and surgical findings influence classification and treatment choices.
Classifier-based affinities for clustering sets of vectors

We focus on the task of clustering sets of vectors. This can be seen as a special case of sequence clustering when the dynamics are not taken into account. We propose to use the error probability of binary classifiers to obtain a measure of the affinity between two sets so that a standard similarity-based clustering algorithm can be applied.
Complex Gesture Recognition using Coupled Switching Linear Model

We present a method coupling multiple switching linear models. The coupled switching linear model is an interactive process of two switching linear models. Coupling is given through causal influence between their hidden discrete states. The parameters of this model are learned via EM algorithm. Tracking is performed through the coupled-forward algorithm based on Kalman filtering and a collapsing method. A model with maximum likelihood is selected out of a few learned models during tracking. We demonstrate the application of the proposed model to tracking and recognizing two-hand gestures
Mechanistic Studies on the Dibenzofuran Formation from Phenanthrene, Fluorene and 9–Fluorenone

We carried out molecular orbital theory calculations for the homogeneous gas‑phase formation of dibenzofuran from phenanthrene, fluorene, 9-methylfluorene and 9-fluorenone. Dibenzofuran will be formed if ∙OH adds to C8a, and the order of reactivity follows as 9-fluorenone > 9-methylfluorene > fluorene > phenanthrene. The oxidations initiated by ClO∙ are more favorable processes, considering that the standard reaction Gibbs energies are at least 21.63 kcal/mol lower than those of the equivalent reactions initiated by ∙OH. The adding of ∙OH and then O2 to phenanthrene is a more favorable route than adding ∙OH to C8a of phenanthrene, when considering the greater reaction extent. The reaction channel from fluorene and O2 to 9-fluorenone and H2O seems very important, not only because it contains only three elementary reactions, but because the standard reaction Gibbs energies are lower than −80.07 kcal/mol.
A Modular Analysis of Breast Cancer Reveals a Novel Low-Grade Molecular Signature in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Tumors

Purpose: Previous reports using genome-wide gene expression data to classify breast tumors have typically used standard unsupervised or supervised techniques, both of which have known limitations. We hypothesized that novel clinically relevant information could be revealed in these data sets by an alternative analytic approach. Using a recently described algorithm, signature analysis (SA), we identified “modules,” comprising groups of tightly coexpressed genes that are conditionally linked to particular tumors, in a series of breast tumor gene expression profiles. Experimental Design and Results: The SA successfully identified multiple breast cancer modules specifically linked to distinct biological functions. We identified a novel module, TuM1, whose presence was not readily discernible by conventional clustering techniques. The TuM1 module is expressed in a subset of estrogen receptor (ER)–positive tumors and is significantly enriched with genes involved in apoptosis and cell death. Clinically, TuM1-expressing tumors are associated with low histopathologic grade, and this association is independent of the inherent ER status of a tumor. We confirmed the robustness and general applicability of TuM1 module by demonstrating its association with low tumor grade in multiple independent breast cancer data sets generated using different array technologies. In vitro, the TuM1 module is down-regulated in ER+ MCF7 cells upon treatment with tamoxifen, suggesting that TuM1 expression may be dependent on active signaling by ER. Initial data is also suggestive that TuM1 expression may be clinically associated with a patient's response to antihormonal therapy. Conclusion: Our results suggest that modular-based approaches toward gene expression data can prove useful in identifying novel, robust, and biologically relevant signatures even from data sets that have been the subject of substantial prior analysis.
Unified multi-camera detection and tracking using region-matching

We describe an algorithm for detecting and tracking multiple people in a cluttered scene using multiple synchronized cameras located far away from each other. This camera arrangement results in multiple wide-baseline camera systems. We segment each image, and then, for each pair we compare regions across the views along epipolar lines. The centers of the matching segments are then back-projected to identify 3D points in the scene potentially corresponding to people. These 3D points are then projected onto the ground plane. The results from these wide-baseline camera systems are then combined using a scheme that rejects outliers and gives very robust estimates of the 2D locations of the people. These estimates are then used to track people across time. We have found that the algorithm works quite well in practice in scenes containing multiple people even when they occlude each other in every camera view.
A Comparative Study of Knowledge Sharings of Social and Digital Networkings

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the activities for KM on the knowledge sharing through the social networking and digital networking. The research conducted a survey and analyzed the level of the social and digital networking, and identified the relationships with the factors of KM activities, and the knowledge sharing. As the results, the findings illustrate that the managers focused on digital networking based on IS for knowledge sharing. In contrast, for the employees, they mainly focused on social networking. Moreover, as a result of that all the social and digital networking are positive effect on the knowledge sharing, it is need to establish strategies for knowledge sharing through social networking in their organizations.
The industrial process control simulator with Programmable Logic Control

Making a simulator of industrial processes can replace many expensive equipment. Simulation of automation for industrial processes ensure realisation of optimal automation systems that are to be put into operation in a very short time. The presented simulator provides simulation, using implemented programmable logic, on industrial serial Programmable Logic Control, of a large number of processes in different areas, beeing ready for use both in didactic and practical purposes. The simulator has a single simulation block for all applications on which different masks are applied depending on the desired application.
Calculating the Emissions Impacts of Waste Electronics Recycling in Ontario, Canada

This study highlights the economic and environmental challenges of recycling in Ontario, specifically examining the effect of attempting to increase the emissions target for the province’s Waste Electronics (WEEE) program. The findings from the cost model analysis found that Ontario’s Electronic Stewardship program reduces overall carbon emissions by approximately 205 thousand tonnes every year. This study also found that targeting specific materials for recovery could result in a scenario where the province could improve emissions offsets while reducing material management costs. Under our modeled scenario, as the tonnes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) avoided increases, the system cost per tonne of GHG avoided initially declines. However, after avoiding 215 thousand tonnes of GHGs (the optimal point), the system cost/tonne GHG avoided increases. To achieve an emissions target in excess of 215 thousand tonnes, the province will have to have to start recycling higher cost difficult to recycle materials (display monitors, computer peripherals, etc.).
Combination of user profile information and collaborative filtering in recommendations

This paper analyses how information from user profile influences quality of recommendations. We first start with an overview of recommendation systems, their functions methods used. The empirical part focuses on collaborative filtering method with the aim to find improvement of recommendations based on the user profile. The main objective for realized experiments was to verify the hypothesis that using information stored in user's profiles can improve collaborative filtering recommendation results. All our experiments were realized in RapidMiner tool on well-known MovieLens dataset. For evaluation of results we used standard metrics such as RMSE, MAE and NMAE. Experiments did not confirm the above mentioned hypothesis, but we present additional analysis of identified clusters with best and worst recommendation results.
Coping with Febrile Illness in Children: A Qualitative Interview Study of Parents

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate parental perception of febrile illness in their children, the most commonly applied management practices, as well as the expectations from clinicians when coping with fever in children. The study included parents of patients admitted to the Emergency and Observation Department of Children’s Clinical University Hospital in Rīga, Latvia. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews. All interviews were transcribed, and the transcripts analysed by inductive thematic analysis. Thirty-four parental interviews were analysed. Six themes emerged from the study, which were: signs causing concern; beliefs regarding fever; assessment and monitoring of fever; fever management practices; help-seeking behaviour; and expectations from the healthcare personnel. Many parents believed that fever could potentially cause injuries to the nervous system, kidneys, the brain, other internal organs, and even cause death. The perceived threat of fever resulted in frequent temperature measurements and administration of antipyretics. Meeting the emotional and information needs of the parents were considered as equally important to meeting the child’s medical needs. The study found that fever phobia exists among parents. Parental misconceptions of fever lead to overly zealous management practices. Parental education initiatives must be organised in order to improve parental knowledge of fever and its management in children.
The effect of rock cover fraction on the retrieval of surface soil moisture at L-band

The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, developed by the European Space Agency (ESA), will be launched in the second half of 2009. It will be the first L-band (~1.4 GHz) passive microwave satellite specifically designed for global soil moisture observations, with an expected accuracy for the retrieved soil moisture of ~0.04 m 3 /m 3 . While passive microwave observations have been widely acknowledged to give the most accurate information on soil moisture, these sensors are characterized by low spatial resolution footprints, being on the order of 50km. One of the key difficulties with observations at this scale is the heterogeneity that exists in land surface features. However, past and current soil moisture retrieval algorithms have typically assumed a homogeneous pixel approach. Thus, in order to maximize the soil moisture retrieval accuracy, the various land surface features that exist in a satellite footprint should be taken into account. While the SMOS retrieval algorithm distinguishes between three different surface types (bare soil, herbaceous and woody vegetation), at this stage it does not take into consideration other sub-pixel effects such as the brightness temperature contribution from open water bodies, rock cover or urban areas, which are expected to affect the overall soil moisture retrieval accuracy for many parts of the world. This study explores the impact of surface rock on the retrieval of surface soil moisture for short vegetation covered fields by comparing retrieved soil moisture estimates with and without accounting for the presence of rock in a synthetic framework. First, the microwave "observation" used to retrieve soil moisture is simulated by accounting for the contribution of rocks to the overall emission, assuming that rock behaves like very dry soil with a fixed dielectric constant and a smooth surface. The soil moisture is then retrieved using the homogeneous pixel approach. The simulation of microwave emission is based on a representative short grass field with various surface rock cover fractions, soil moisture contents and vegetation conditions. The results illustrate that rock induced soil moisture retrieval error is dependent on soil moisture and vegetation water content since the brightness temperature difference between soil and rock impacts the soil moisture retrieval error. The omission of rock cover from the retrieval algorithm leads to an overestimation of the bulk soil moisture content for low soil moisture conditions and an underestimation for high soil moisture conditions. Taking 30% rock cover fraction as an example, the maximum error in the bulk soil moisture estimation is as much as 0.04 m 3 /m 3 in bare soil and up to 0.10 m 3 /m 3 in wet soil covered by short grass vegetation. It should be noted however that these results may be highly dependent on two key assumptions of this paper; i) that rock can be modelled as a smooth surface, and ii) that there is no vegetation cover over the rock.