Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a Discourse Relation-aware Approach for Chinese-english Machine Translation a Mapping-based Approach for General Formal Human Computer Interaction Using Natural Language Learning Grammar with Explicit Annotations for Subordinating Conjunctions Multi-document Summarization Using Distortion-ra

Following the previous years' ACL Student Research Workshops, this year we have two different kinds of papers: research papers and thesis proposals. Thesis proposals are intended for advanced students who have decided on a thesis topic and wish to get feedback on their proposal and broader ideas for their continuing work, while research papers can describe completed work or work in progress with preliminary results. We received 7 thesis proposals and 19 research papers this year. Out of these, we accepted 5 thesis proposals and 8 research papers leading to an acceptance rate of 71% for thesis proposals and 42% for research papers. This year's workshop also offered pre-submission mentoring for student authors wishing to improve the presentation of their papers prior to submission of the paper for the reviewing process. 6 students participated in this pre-submission mentoring program this year. The SRW offers multiple avenues for the student authors to receive feedback at the conference. This year's workshop features three sessions of student paper presentations. All the papers will be presented at the main conference poster session, giving the opportunity for students to interact and present their work to a large and diverse audience. We also have a separate oral presentation session for thesis proposal papers on the first day of the main conference. The third session is another oral presentation venue where student authors of the research papers briefly advertise their posters. This year, 15 students whose papers were accepted to the ACL main conference were chosen to also present their work at and be partially funded by SRW. These students' posters are also advertised during the poster highlight session. In addition to oral presentation and poster sessions, each SRW paper and the 15 papers sponsored by the SRW is assigned a dedicated mentor. The mentor is an experienced researcher from academia or industry who will prepare in-depth comments and questions in advance for the presentation or poster session and will provide feedback to the student author. Thanks to our funding sources, this year's SRW covers registration expenses and provides travel and lodging support to all student authors of the SRW papers. We gratefully acknowledge the support from the NSF, Google, Yahoo! and Baidu. In addition to the SRW papers, the NSF supports travel and registration for another 15 student authors of ACL main conference papers. We are very grateful to our program committee members who gave constructive …
Turkish adaptation of the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire: Reliability and validity in non-clinical samples

Abstract The rapid, objective measurement of spider fear is important for clinicians, and for researchers studying fear. To facilitate this, we adapted the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ) into Turkish. The FSQ is quick to complete and easy to understand. Compared to the commonly used Spider Phobia Questionnaire, it has shown superior test-retest reliability and better discrimination of lower levels of spider fear, facilitating fear research in non-clinical samples. In two studies, with 137 and 105 undergraduates and unselected volunteers, our adapted FSQ showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .95 and .96) and test-retest reliability (r = .90), and good discriminant validity against the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory—Trait (r = .23) and Beck Anxiety Inventory—Trait (r = .07). Most importantly, our adapted FSQ significantly predicted 26 students’ self-reported discomfort upon approaching a caged tarantula; however, a measure of behavioural avoidance of the tarantula yielded little variability, so a more sensitive task will be required for future behavioural testing. Based on this initial testing, we recommend our adapted FSQ for research use. Further research is required to verify that our adapted FSQ discriminates individuals with and without phobia effectively. A Turkish-language report of the studies is included as supplementary material.
Implied volatility : small time-to-expiry asymptotics in exponential Lévy models

In this paper, we examine the small time-to-expiry behaviour of implied volatility in models of exponential Lévy type. In the at-the-money case, it turns out that the implied volatility converges, as time-to-expiry goes to zero, to the square root of the Gaussian member of the driving Lévy process’ characteristic triplet. In particular, the limit is zero if the Lévy process has no Gaussian part. In the not at-the-money case, there are a number of possible behaviours. In most cases of interest, however, the implied volatility goes to infinity as time-to-expiry goes to zero. It is also shown that there are exponential Lévy models in which the implied volatility converges to zero as time-to-expiry goes to zero. Implied volatility at strike K and time-to-expiry τ is the unique volatility parameter that when plugged into the Black-Scholes formula recovers the quoted call option price at strike K and and time-to-expiry τ. Hence implied volatility is another way of quoting call option prices. In practice, it is more popular than quoting actual call option prices. Hence the interest in implied volatility. In this paper, we present first order asymptotics for implied volatility as time-to-expiry goes to zero. There has recently been much work on small time-to-expiry asymptotics of call options in stochastic volatility models, see, for example, Forde and Jacquier (2009) and references therein. In this paper, however, we exclusively examine small time-to-expiry asymptotics of implied volatility in models of exponential Lévy type. Despite the popularity of Lévy processes in mathematical finance, see Cont and Tankov (2004) and references therein, the literature treating the small timeto-expiry behaviour of implied volatility in this class of models is small. The method we use is to establish small time-to-expiry asymptotics for the call option price and then to use the results of Roper and Rutkowski (2009) to relate the call option price asymptotics to the implied volatility asymptotics. It appears that the not at-the-money asymptotics in exponential Lévy models were first rigorously analysed in Roper (2008) and the at-the-money case was first rigorously analysed in Roper (2009). Note though that the results of Durrleman (2008) are applicable to some exponential Lévy models and when they are they agree with the results of this paper. Since then, there have been a number of works devoted to small time-to-expiry asymptotics of implied volatility in models of exponential Lévy type. The contributions that we make here are two-fold. Firstly, in models of exponential
Pulse width modulation for class D audio power amplifier in CMOS 0.18um process with 90% of efficiency

The design of a Pulse width modulation for class D audio power amplifier in CMOS 0.18um Process with high efficiency is presented. The efficiency, the power supply voltage range with 1.8–3.3V, the PSRR, the THD and THD+N makes this design usable to various kinds of small and medium power audio amplification system such as DVD, LCD-TV, MP4 and wireless phones
Scene recognition based on extreme learning machine for digital video archive management

Video is a rich media widely used in many of our daily life applications like education, entertainment, surveillance, etc. In order to retrieve rapidly, it is necessary to establish digital archive for storing these videos. However, it is not realistic to store vast amounts of video data into digital archive artificially. This paper proposes a new method for the task of video digital archive management by employing scene recognition technology based on extreme learning machine (ELM). This paper only focuses on scene recognition technology which is the key step of digital video archive management. Dense scale invariant feature transform (dense SIFT) features are used as features in this proposed method. The 15-Scenes dataset with more than 4000 images is used. Experimental results have shown that this proposed method achieves not only high recognition accuracy but also extremely low computational cost.
Investigation of acoustic modeling techniques for LVCSR systems

The paper describes the use of several advanced acoustic modeling techniques for the 2004 CU-HTK large vocabulary speech recognition systems. These techniques include Gaussianization for speaker normalization, discriminative cluster adaptive training (CAT), subspace for precision and mean (SPAM) modeling of inverse covariances, and discriminative complexity control. Acoustic models featuring these techniques were integrated into a state-of-the-art 10 real-time multi-pass system with sophisticated adaptation for performance evaluation. Experimental results are presented on both broadcast news (BN) and conversational telephone speech (CTS) transcription tasks.
The Role of Governance on Private Investment in Nigeria: A Preliminary Analysis

The paper sets out to investigate the role of governance on domestic private investment in Nigeria using Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Testing Approach to ascertain long-run association on an annual data covering the 1970 to 2010 period. Emanated from the estimated models are intriguing findings which showed clearly that difference exists between long and short run determinants of domestic private investment. In the former, degree of openness, previous value of inflation rates and governance indicators are the most important factors but political stability and voice and accountability indicators appear to dominate the governance indicators space as they are both negative and significantly affecting the private investment mobilization. In the latter, savings, real GDP, degree of openness, real interest rates, inflation rates and governance measures are strong determining variables on private investment mobilization. Of the governance indicators however, political stability stood out prominently. A few relatable implications for policy are highlighted for the attention of policymakers.
Levels of Some Antinutritional Factors in Tempeh Produced From Some Legumes and Jojobas Seeds

: Soybean, kidney bean and mung bean, three legumes and jojoba seed is an oil seed, were processed into tempeh, a fermented food. Changes in phytic acid, total phenols and trypsin inhibitor were monitored during the pretreatments (soaking and soaking–dehulling–washing–cooking) and fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus. Soaking reduced total phenol and trypsin inhibitor levels in soybean, kidney bean and mung bean also, phytic acid reduced by soaking in kidney bean and mung bean. Cooking was most effective in reducing the activity in trypsin inhibitor . During fermentation, a slight increase in the level of trypsin inhibitor was noticed in soybean . Phytic acid and total phenols decreased during fermentation in soybean, kidney bean but mung bean didn't form the fermented product tempeh that’s because antifungal activity of herein a protein in mung bean, which exerts both chitinase activity and antifungal activity against a variety of fungal species. Solid - state fermentation of jojoba seeds was not effective for reducing their content from cyanogenic glycosides (simmondsin).
Elevated LIM Kinase 1 in Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer Reflects Its Role in Facilitating Androgen Receptor Nuclear Translocation

Prostate cancer affects a large proportion of the male population, and is primarily driven by androgen receptor (AR) activity. First-line treatment typically consists of reducing AR signaling by hormone depletion, but resistance inevitably develops over time. One way to overcome this issue is to block AR function via alternative means, preferably by inhibiting protein targets that are more active in tumors than in normal tissue. By staining prostate cancer tumor sections, elevated LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) expression and increased phosphorylation of its substrate Cofilin were found to be associated with poor outcome and reduced survival in patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. A LIMK-selective small molecule inhibitor (LIMKi) was used to determine whether targeted LIMK inhibition was a potential prostate cancer therapy. LIMKi reduced prostate cancer cell motility, as well as inhibiting proliferation and increasing apoptosis in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells more effectively than in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. LIMK inhibition blocked ligand-induced AR nuclear translocation, reduced AR protein stability and transcriptional activity, consistent with its effects on proliferation and survival acting via inhibition of AR activity. Furthermore, inhibition of LIMK activity increased αTubulin acetylation and decreased AR interactions with αTubulin, indicating that the role of LIMK in regulating microtubule dynamics contributes to AR function. These results indicate that LIMK inhibitors could be beneficial for the treatment of prostate cancer both by reducing nuclear AR translocation, leading to reduced proliferation and survival, and by inhibiting prostate cancer cell dissemination. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(1); 246–58. ©2014 AACR.
Manipulating and understanding antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) with decoy oligonucleotides

We have adapted and extended the decoy oligonucleotide technique for use in prokaryotes. To identify cis-acting regulatory elements within a promoter, we developed a DNase I/T7 exonuclease footprinting technique and applied it to actII-orf4 from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), which encodes the pathway-specific activator for production of the antibiotic actinorhodin. Our in vivo mapping data allowed us to create decoy oligonucleotides incorporating the identified regulatory elements and to test whether their introduction into S. coelicolor affected antibiotic production. We mapped the promoter region when in a transcriptionally inactive state before the onset of actinorhodin production with the aim of designing decoy oligonucleotides capable of interfering with potential repressor binding and so stimulate actinorhodin production. Mapping identified five candidates for decoy oligonucleotides, and these were tested in a plate-based assay to rapidly validate their activity. A transfection protocol was developed for liquid cultures that enabled efficient uptake of decoys, and quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated decoy persistence for >70 h. Measurement of the effects on growth, expression of actII-orf4, and antibiotic production demonstrated that one of the decoys, in concordance with the plate assay, was more efficacious than the others in increasing actinorhodin production. Two of the identified regulatory elements occurred upstream of gene SCO5812, deletion of which reduced actinorhodin production, confirming that experimental analysis of regulatory motifs can provide new insights into factors influencing antibiotic production in streptomycetes.
The Epidermal Growth Factor-Seven Transmembrane (EGF-TM7) Receptor CD97 Is Required for Neutrophil Migration and Host Defense1

The epidermal growth factor-seven transmembrane (EGF-TM7) family is a group of seven-span transmembrane receptors predominantly expressed by cells of the immune system. Family members CD97, EGF module-containing mucin-like receptor (EMR) 1, EMR2, EMR3, EMR4, and EGF-TM7-latrophilin-related protein are characterized by an extended extracellular region with a variable number of N-terminal EGF-like domains. EGF-TM7 receptors bind cellular ligands as demonstrated by the interaction of CD97 with decay accelerating factor (CD55) and dermatan sulfate. Investigating the effect of newly generated mAb on the migration of neutrophilic granulocytes, we here report for the first time in vivo data on the function of CD97. In dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis, we show that homing of adoptively transferred neutrophils to the colon was significantly delayed when cells were preincubated with CD97 mAb. The consequences of this defect in neutrophil migration for host defense are demonstrated in a murine model of Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced pneumonia. Mice treated with CD97 mAb to EGF domain 1 (1B2) and EGF domain 3 (1C5) displayed a reduced granulocytic inflammatory infiltrate at 20 h after inoculation. This was associated with a significantly enhanced outgrowth of bacteria in the lungs at 44 h and a strongly diminished survival. Together, these findings indicate an essential role for CD97 in the migration of neutrophils.
The radio counter-jet of the QSO 3C 48

We present multi- frequency radio observational results of the quasar 3C 48. The observations were carried out with the Very Large Array ( VLA) at five frequencies, 0.33, 1.5, 4.8, 8.4, and 22.5 GHz, and with the Multi- Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network ( MERLIN) at the two frequencies of 1.6 and 5 GHz. The source shows a one- sided jet to the north within 1", which then extends to the northeast and becomes diffuse. Two bright components ( N2 and N3), containing most of the flux density, are present in the northern jet. The spectral index of the two components is alpha(N2) similar to -0.99 +/- 0.12 and alpha(N3) similar to - 0.84 +/- 0.23 ( S proportional to nu(alpha)). Our images show the presence of an extended structure surrounding component N2, suggestive of strong interaction between the jet and the interstellar medium ( ISM) of the host galaxy. A steep- spectrum component, labelled S, located 0.25 " southwest to the flat- spectrum component which could be the core of 3C 48, is detected at a significance of > 15 sigma. Both the location and the steepness of the spectrum of component S suggest the presence of a counter- jet in 3C 48.
Semi-Empirical Model for the Thermally tunable LPFG

We propose a semi-empirical model for the analysis of a temperature-tuned long-period fiber gratings (LPFG) filter. Applying the multi-port lattice model to LPFGs, meanwhile utilizing the empirically determined temperature-dependence of core-to-clad mode-coupling coefficients, we achieve a precise, practical means of the transmission spectrum analysis featuring an excellent fit with the experiment.
Increased mitochondrial DNA damage and down-regulation of DNA repair enzymes in aged rodent retinal pigment epithelium and choroid

Purpose In the central nervous system (CNS), increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage is associated with aging and may underlie, contribute to, or increase the susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases. Because of the focus on the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid as tissue relevant to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), we examined young and aged RPE and choroid, harvested from rodent eyes, for DNA damage and for changes in selected DNA repair enzymes. Methods Immunohistochemical labeling and quantitative ELISA for the oxidative DNA damage marker, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), were measured in young and aged rodent RPE and choroid. mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA) damage was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by comparing the relative amplification of small and large DNA fragments. Expression of several DNA repair enzymes was measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcription -PCR (qRT–PCR) and immunoblot. Results Immunohistochemical labeling for 8-OHdG increased in aged rodent RPE and choroid. Quantitative ELISA confirmed increased levels of 8-OHdG. Measurements of nDNA and mtDNA lesions indicated that DNA damage is primarily in mtDNA in aged RPE and choroid. Using qRT–PCR, we found that gene expression of DNA repair enzymes, 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), mutY homolog (MYH), and thymine DNA glycosylase were decreased in an age-dependent pattern in RPE and choroid. However, endonuclease III homolog 1 was not significantly changed in aged RPE and choroid. Using immunoblots, we found that protein levels of OGG1 and MYH were decreased in aged RPE and choroid. Conclusions Our results show that there is increased mtDNA damage in aged RPE and choroid, which is likely due to decreased DNA repair capability. mtDNA damage in the RPE and choroid may be a susceptibility factor that underlies the development of AMD.
Definition and Application of a Histopathological Scoring Scheme for an Animal Model of Acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pulmonary Infection

A histopathological scoring system was developed to assess the pathology of acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae pulmonary infection in a hamster model. A final score per animal (ranging 0–26) is obtained by averaging scores from each lung which have been accumulated by the addition of subscores from the assessments of quantity and quality of peribronchiolar and peribronchial infiltrates, luminal exudates, perivascular infiltrates, and parenchymal pneumonia. The scoring scheme was then applied to test the ability of a heat‐killed inoculum to induce pulmonary pathology and to the trial of a 43 kDa protein‐associated antigen as a vaccine immunogen. A heat‐killed inoculum delivered by both intratracheal and intranasal routes did not induce pulmonary pathology compared to a live inoculum (respective mean scores 0.1, 6.7; P<0.01). Animals prevaccinated with the 43 kDa antigen developed an accentuated pathological response after live challenge compared to those unvaccinated (respective mean scores 16.8, 5.8; P=0.00007). Hypersensitization to growth medium components may, however, have contributed to the accentuated disease since the lungs of vaccinated animals challenged with culture‐negative media also were affected (mean score 5.4). Reproducibility of the scoring system was measured by duplicate reading of histology slides which were randomized to the observer upon the second reading (r=0.93; P=0.000009). The scoring system has the ability to differentiate disease severity in small groups of animals.
Electrolyte Imbalances in Pediatric Living Related Small Bowel Transplantation

Background. Pediatric small bowel transplantations are associated with pronounced electrolyte disturbances in the postoperative period. We investigated the pattern of electrolyte disturbances with regard to enteral malabsorption, renal compensation, and the influence of immunosuppression. Methods. We reviewed 11 small bowel transplantations between October 2002 and February 2007. The data collected included frequent serum, ostomy, and urine electrolyte profiles, renal function parameters, and FK 506 levels in the postoperative period up until either discharge or graft loss. Results. Our results show enteral losses most prominent during the first 4 weeks postoperatively that are only partially compensated by the kidneys. Subsequently, enteral losses improved, although renal function remained challenged, particularly glomerular filtration and phosphorus, magnesium losses, which correlated with high FK 506 levels. Conclusion. Our data reveal several electrolyte imbalances different and unique to postoperative small bowel transplants. Although enteral losses improve along with graft villi formation, electrolyte abnormalities continue, to which FK 506-mediated renal toxicity might contribute.