Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting Malicious Users on Anonymous Chat Networks

Malicious users on chat network systems would reduce the willingness of benevolent users to chat on the same network. Thus it is often desirable to classify malicious users based on their personal profile and chat contents. In this study, different algorithms including Naive Bayes, SVM, Decision Table, Multilayer Perceptron, and Logistic classification are applied on the dataset from an anonymous chat network Chatous. It is found that by using both empirical features and chat word features together with the SVM algorithm, the best Fscore achieved is 84.9%. This result shows the possibility of classifying malicious users from benevolent users on a chat network and may lead to chat quality improvement such as by restricting malicious user from chatting with benevolent users. Keywords—Malicious users detection, Word feature extraction, Support Vector Machine, Machine learning, Chat Network.
Spatial-temporal stochasticity of electric vehicles in an integrated traffic and power system

Penetration of a large number of electric vehicles in the grid can have a negative impact to the grid. To prevent a negative effect to the grid, the behavior of electric vehicles must be accurately modeled and their charging schedules must be coordinated. Therefore, it is necessary to determine where and how much charge is available in electric vehicles in the distribution system. In this paper, a state transition algorithm is designed to determine a stochastic model of electric vehicles to simulate electric vehicle movement in an integrated traffic and power network. Dijkstra's algorithm is used to determine the shortest distance between end-user residential and office areas. A naïve charging technique is used to charge electric vehicles at different time intervals at different charging stations based on their driving patterns. The probability of finding electric vehicles at different charging stations and available charge using information on driving behavior is determined.
Association of Trk Neurotrophin Receptors with Components of the Cytoplasmic Dynein Motor

Nerve growth factor (NGF) initiates its trophic effects by long-range signaling through binding, internalization, and transport of a ligand-receptor complex from the axon terminal to the cell body. However, the mechanism by which retrograde transport of NGF takes place has not been elucidated. Here we describe an interaction between the Trk receptor tyrosine kinase and a 14 kDa light chain of cytoplasmic dynein. After transfection in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, this 14 kDa dynein light chain was found to bind to TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC receptors. Mapping experiments indicated that the 14 kDa dynein light chain binds to the distal region of the TrkA juxtamembrane domain. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments in vivo indicate that Trk receptors are in a complex with the 14 kDa light chain and 74 kDa intermediate chain of dynein. Confirming the physiological relevance of this association, a marked accumulation of Trk with the 14 kDa and the 74 kDa dynein components was observed after ligation of the sciatic nerve. The association of Trk receptors with components of cytoplasmic dynein suggests that transport of neurotrophins during vesicular trafficking may occur through a direct interaction of the Trk receptor with the dynein motor machinery.
3D‐Printing of Lightweight Cellular Composites

A new epoxy-based ink is reported, which enables 3D printing of lightweight cellular composites with controlled alignment of multiscale, high-aspectratio fiber reinforcement to create hierarchical structures inspired by balsa wood. Young's modulus values up to 10 times higher than existing commercially available 3D-printed polymers are attainable, while comparable strength values are maintained.
Simultaneous Coexpression of Memory-related and Effector-related Genes by Individual Human CD8 T Cells Depends on Antigen Specificity and Differentiation

Phenotypic and functional cell properties are usually analyzed at the level of defined cell populations but not single cells. Yet, large differences between individual cells may have important functional consequences. It is likely that T-cell–mediated immunity depends on the polyfunctionality of individual T cells, rather than the sum of functions of responding T-cell subpopulations. We performed highly sensitive single-cell gene expression profiling, allowing the direct ex vivo characterization of individual virus-specific and tumor-specific T cells from healthy donors and melanoma patients. We have previously shown that vaccination with the natural tumor peptide Melan-AMART-1-induced T cells with superior effector functions as compared with vaccination with the analog peptide optimized for enhanced HLA-A*0201 binding. Here we found that natural peptide vaccination induced tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells with frequent coexpression of both memory/homing-associated genes (CD27, IL7R, EOMES, CXCR3, and CCR5) and effector-related genes (IFNG, KLRD1, PRF1, and GZMB), comparable with protective Epstein-Barr virus-specific and cytomegalovirus-specific T cells. In contrast, memory/homing-associated and effector-associated genes were less frequently coexpressed after vaccination with the analog peptide. Remarkably, these findings reveal a previously unknown level of gene expression diversity among vaccine-specific and virus-specific T cells with the simultaneous coexpression of multiple memory/homing-related and effector-related genes by the same cell. Such broad functional gene expression signatures within antigen-specific T cells may be critical for mounting efficient responses to pathogens or tumors. In summary, direct ex vivo high-resolution molecular characterization of individual T cells provides key insights into the processes shaping the functional properties of tumor-specific and virus-specific T cells.
Activation of DNA damage response signaling in mouse embryonic stem cells

Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) are characterized by high proliferation activity. mESC are highly sensitive to genotoxic stresses and do not undergo G1/S checkpoint upon DNA-damage. mESC are supposed to develop sensitive mechanisms to maintain genomic integrity provided by either DNA damage repair or elimination of defected cells by apoptosis. The issue of how mESC recognize the damages and execute DNA repair remains to be studied. We analyzed the kinetics of DNA repair foci marked by antibodies to phosphorylated ATM kinase and histone H2AX (γH2AX). We showed that mESC display non-induced DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), as revealed by comet-assay, and a noticeable background of γH2AX staining. Exposure of mESC to γ-irradiation induced the accumulation of phosphorylated ATM-kinase in the nucleus as well as the formation of additional γH2AX foci, which disappeared thereafter. To decrease the background of γH2AX staining in control non-irradiated cells, we pre-synchronized mESC at the G2/M by low concentration of nocodazol for a short time (6 h). The cells were then irradiated and stained for γH2AX. Irradiation induced the formation of γH2AX foci both in G2-phase and mitotic cells, which evidenced for the active state of DNA-damage signaling at these stages of the cell cycle in mESC. Due to the G1/S checkpoint is compromised in mESCs, we checked, whether wild-type p53, a target for ATM kinase, was phosphorylated in response to γ-irradiation. The p53 was barely phosphorylated in response to irradiation, which correlated with a very low expression of p53-target p21/Waf1 gene. Thus, in spite of the dysfunction of the p53/Waf1 pathway and the lack of cell cycle checkpoints, the mESC are capable of activating ATM and inducing γH2AX foci formation, which are necessary for the activation of DNA damage response.
A Systemically-Administered Small Molecule Antagonist of CCR9 Acts as a Tissue-Selective Inhibitor of Lymphocyte Trafficking

A goal for developers of immunomodulatory drugs has long been a systemically administered small molecule that can selectively inhibit inflammation in specific tissues. The chemokine receptor CCR9 is an attractive target for this approach, as entry of T cells into the small intestine from blood requires interaction between CCR9 and its ligand CCL25. We have tested the ability of a small molecule CCR9 antagonist, CCX8037, to inhibit antigen-mediated T cell accumulation in the intestine. This compound prevented accumulation of gut-imprinted antigen-specific CD8 T cells within epithelium of the small intestine. Interestingly, the antagonist did not affect the robust generation of gut-imprinted CD8 T cells within mesenteric lymph nodes. To distinguish “gut-selective” from “general” T cell inhibition, we tested the drug’s ability to influence accumulation of T cells within skin, a tissue in which CCR9 plays no known role, and we found no appreciable effect. This study demonstrates the feasibility of creating systemically-administered pharmaceuticals capable of tissue-selective immune modulation. This proof of concept is of utmost importance for designing effective treatments against various autoimmune disorders localized to a specific tissue.
MINDFULNESS-BASED STRESS REDUCTION FOR CLIENTS AT A UNIVERSITY COUNSELING CENTER: A MULTI SITE CLINICAL TRIAL

Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to effectively alleviate psychological suffering. The current study compares the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention with an interpersonal support group and a notreatment condition in relieving psychological distress. Participants in this study comprised 112 college students from two universities who contacted the University Counseling Center on their respective college campus to access mental health services. Clients completed written measures at 3 time points; preintervention, postintervention, and at 6 months. The overall findings of this study indicate greater reductions over time in the mindfulness-based intervention on measures of anxiety, depression, academic problems, and increase in mindfulness skills compared to the interpersonal support group and no-treatment condition. Conversely, among participants in the interpersonal support group, findings reveal greater reductions in interpersonal problems. Further, results document a positive association between time spent in home mindfulness practice and change in mindfulness skills, and reductions in psychological distress. Mindfulness-based programs may prove to be a time and cost-effective intervention for addressing the needs of University Counseling Centers at a time when there is a shortage of mental health services.
Getting a Job: Is There a Motherhood Penalty?1

Survey research finds that mothers suffer a substantial wage penalty, although the causal mechanism producing it remains elusive. The authors employed a laboratory experiment to evaluate the hypothesis that status‐based discrimination plays an important role and an audit study of actual employers to assess its real‐world implications. In both studies, participants evaluated application materials for a pair of same‐gender equally qualified job candidates who differed on parental status. The laboratory experiment found that mothers were penalized on a host of measures, including perceived competence and recommended starting salary. Men were not penalized for, and sometimes benefited from, being a parent. The audit study showed that actual employers discriminate against mothers, but not against fathers.
Domain Representation Using Possibility Theory: An Exploratory Study

This study explores a new domain representation method for natural language processing based on an application of possibility theory. In our method, domain-specific information is extracted from natural language documents using a mathematical process based on Rieger's notion of semantic distances, and represented in the form of possibility distributions. We implement the distributions in the context of a possibilistic domain classifier, which is trained using the SchoolNet corpus.
The annual cycle of a trans-equatorial Eurasian–African passerine migrant: different spatio-temporal strategies for autumn and spring migration

The small size of the billions of migrating songbirds commuting between temperate breeding sites and the tropics has long prevented the study of the largest part of their annual cycle outside the breeding grounds. Using light-level loggers (geolocators), we recorded the entire annual migratory cycle of the red-backed shrike Lanius collurio, a trans-equatorial Eurasian-African passerine migrant. We tested differences between autumn and spring migration for nine individuals. Duration of migration between breeding and winter sites was significantly longer in autumn (average 96 days) when compared with spring (63 days). This difference was explained by much longer staging periods during autumn (71 days) than spring (9 days). Between staging periods, the birds travelled faster during autumn (356 km d–1) than during spring (233 km d–1). All birds made a protracted stop (53 days) in Sahelian sub-Sahara on southbound migration. The birds performed a distinct loop migration (22 000 km) where spring distance, including a detour across the Arabian Peninsula, exceeded the autumn distance by 22 per cent. Geographical scatter between routes was particularly narrow in spring, with navigational convergence towards the crossing point from Africa to the Arabian Peninsula. Temporal variation between individuals was relatively constant, while different individuals tended to be consistently early or late at different departure/arrival occasions during the annual cycle. These results demonstrate the existence of fundamentally different spatio-temporal migration strategies used by the birds during autumn and spring migration, and that songbirds may rely on distinct staging areas for completion of their annual cycle, suggesting more sophisticated endogenous control mechanisms than merely clock-and-compass guidance among terrestrial solitary migrants. After a century with metal-ringing, year-round tracking of long-distance migratory songbirds promises further insights into bird migration.
Human herpesvirus 6 and 7 in febrile status epilepticus: The FEBSTAT study

Purpose: In a prospective study, Consequences of Prolonged Febrile Seizures in Childhood (FEBSTAT), we determined the frequency of human herpesvirus (HHV)‐6 and HHV‐7 infection as a cause of febrile status epilepticus (FSE).
Hardware-software-codesign of application specific microcontrollers with the ASM environment

A new CAD system for generation of application specific microcontrollers is presented. It is based on a properly defined architecture model and consists of a set of tools for instruction set description, HW-SWcosimulation of the processor and the application software, compiler generation, datapath and controlpath synthesis, and datapath animation. One of these tools, the MicroDebugger, follows a new approach of HW-SW-cosimulation particularly matching the problems of microcontroller design. The system proved it's effectiveness throughout numerous designs including a small multitasking RISC for embedded applications. The attempt to automatically generate application specific microcontroller cores (instruction set architectures) will fail if one does not restrict the huge design space. Such a restriction must not affect the implementation method but it must properly define an architecture model for synthesis. The criteria for such a first design space demarcation result from an analysis of the class of targeted applications. The ASM Environment targets control and interrupt dominated applications with medium data throughput. Architectures of this class are part of a lot of electronic equipment, as embedded microcontrollers in the automotive, industrial, telecom and white good markets.
Effect of late preterm birth on longitudinal lung spirometry in school age children and adolescents

Background Rates of preterm birth have increased in most industrialised countries but data on later lung function of late preterm births are limited. A study was undertaken to compare lung function at 8–9 and 14–17 years in children born late preterm (33–34 and 35–36 weeks gestation) with children of similar age born at term (≥37 weeks gestation). Children born at 25–32 weeks gestation were also compared with children born at term. Methods All births from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n=14 049) who had lung spirometry at 8–9 years of age (n=6705) and/or 14–17 years of age (n=4508) were divided into four gestation groups. Results At 8–9 years of age, all spirometry measures were lower in the 33–34-week gestation group than in controls born at term but were similar to the spirometry decrements observed in the 25–32-week gestation group. The 35–36-week gestation group and term group had similar values. In the late preterm group, at 14–17 years of age forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were not significantly different from the term group but FEV1/FVC and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% FVC (FEF25–75%) remained significantly lower than term controls. Children requiring mechanical ventilation in infancy at 25–32 and 33–34 weeks gestation had in general lower airway function (FEV1 and FEF25–75) at both ages than those not ventilated in infancy. Conclusions Children born at 33–34 weeks gestation have significantly lower lung function values at 8–9 years of age, similar to decrements observed in the 25–32-week group, although some improvements were noted by 14–17 years of age.
Digitally augmenting traditional play environments

Digitally augmented toys and games are traditional toys or game pieces equipped with sensing technology, computing power and communication capabilities. This allows designers to incorporate novel virtual elements previously only available in video games without compromising the tangible and social benefits of traditional play objects. Through this digital augmentation, play environments have the potential to support users by providing them with context-aware information and services and thus to enrich play experiences and facilitate playful learning. While play environments can benefit from the seamless merging of the virtual and the physical world via such technologies, designing and implementing augmented play environments can be rather onerous. In recent years, research on utilizing pervasive computing technologies for games and toys has focused on demonstrating what is technologically possible. However, this has typically fallen short of addressing the question of how to actually design augmented play objects and environments. Designers will not only be challenged by the integration of technology into traditional play environments, but also by the typically involved complexity and idiosyncrasies of the particular play scenario at hand. As a result, they must design and implement an infrastructure that will support a variety of potential play objects which inhabit the particular environment. Additionally, the users – many of whom are children – must be provided with adequate interfaces that empower them to configure and adapt the augmented play environment according to their personal preferences and requirements. This thesis addresses these challenges by examining different play scenarios and investigating how pervasive computing technologies can be used to support players, create more immersive environments and facilitate playful learning. The goal is to provide a framework to help system developers design and implement augmented play environments. To this end, both a process model and a set of design guidelines are proposed for
Researching Learning in Higher Education: An Introduction to Contemporary Methods and Approaches

@contents: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Methodological Issues Chapter 3: Evaluation Research Chapter 4: Case Study Research Chapter 5: Action Research Chapter 6: Interviews Chapter 7: Focus Group Research Chapter 8: Ethnography Chapter 9: Critical incident analysis Chapter 10: Researching online Chapter 11: Quantitative Research Chapter 12: Appreciative Inquiry Chapter 13: Researching from a disciplinary perspective Chapter 14: Ethical Issues Chapter 15: Analysing Qualitative Data Chapter 16: Conclusion
Information Exchange in Multi-rover SLAM

We investigate simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) involving multiple robots through collaborations. In particular, we assume that robots may communicate to each other when in communication range. Several scenarios are considered: (i) robots fully able to communicate while conducting SLAM; (ii) robot communications are intermittent due to each robot having a limited but equal communication range; (iii) communications among robots are asymmetrical in that some robots may have a larger communication range than other robots. In this paper, we develop a model for multi-robot SLAM and include mechanisms for information exchange. We also provide performance comparisons for various cases of multi-robot and single-robot SLAM based on algorithms we develop to incorporate exchanged information.
A Neural-Dynamic Architecture for Concurrent Estimation of Object Pose and Identity

Handling objects or interacting with a human user about objects on a shared tabletop requires that objects be identified after learning from a small number of views and that object pose be estimated. We present a neurally inspired architecture that learns object instances by storing features extracted from a single view of each object. Input features are color and edge histograms from a localized area that is updated during processing. The system finds the best-matching view for the object in a novel input image while concurrently estimating the object’s pose, aligning the learned view with current input. The system is based on neural dynamics, computationally operating in real time, and can handle dynamic scenes directly off live video input. In a scenario with 30 everyday objects, the system achieves recognition rates of 87.2% from a single training view for each object, while also estimating pose quite precisely. We further demonstrate that the system can track moving objects, and that it can segment the visual array, selecting and recognizing one object while suppressing input from another known object in the immediate vicinity. Evaluation on the COIL-100 dataset, in which objects are depicted from different viewing angles, revealed recognition rates of 91.1% on the first 30 objects, each learned from four training views.