Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Double PM-Rotor, Toothed, Toroidal-Winding Wind Generator: A Comparison With Conventional Winding Direct-Drive PM Wind Generators Over a Wide Power Range

The double rotor, toothed, toroidal-winding permanent-magnet (PM) machine is not a well known concept and has received very limited attention in literature. In this study, the concept is proposed for use as a direct-drive wind generator. Due to the varying design requirements of wind generators over the different power ranges, the PM generator is optimized over the entire installed wind power range. For each power level, the optimum design is compared with optimum nonoverlap-winding and conventional overlap-winding PM machine designs. This also gives a much broader indication on the scaling of different wind generator technologies. Although the electromagnetic design, by means of finite-element analysis, of the generator is the main focus of the paper, some of the implementation issues are also discussed. An existing 15-kW double rotor PM wind generator is modified to include a toroidal-winding, which is used as a case study. Both simulated results and practical measurements in the laboratory for the 15-kW case study toroidal-winding PM generator are presented in this paper.
Deficits in behavioral sensitization and dopaminergic responses to methamphetamine in adenylyl cyclase 1/8‐deficient mice

The cAMP/protein kinase A pathway regulates methamphetamine (METH)‐induced neuroplasticity underlying behavioral sensitization. We hypothesize that adenylyl cyclases (AC) 1/8 mediate these neuroplastic events and associated striatal dopamine regulation. Locomotor responses to METH (1 and 5 mg/kg) and striatal dopamine function were evaluated in mice lacking AC 1/8 (DKO) and wild‐type (WT) mice. Only 5 mg/kg METH induced an acute locomotor response in DKO mice, which was significantly attenuated versus WT controls. DKO mice showed a marked attenuation in the development and expression of METH‐induced behavioral sensitization across doses relative to WT controls. While basal and acute METH (5 mg/kg)‐evoked accumbal dialysate dopamine levels were similar between genotypes, saline‐treated DKO mice showed elevated tissue content of dopamine and homovanillic acid in the dorsal striatum (DS), reflecting dysregulated dopamine homeostasis and/or metabolism. Significant reductions in DS dopamine levels were observed in METH‐sensitized DKO mice compared to saline‐treated controls, an effect not observed in WT mice. Notably, saline‐treated DKO mice had significantly increased phosphorylated Dopamine‐ and cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein levels, which were not further augmented following METH sensitization, as observed in WT mice. These data indicate that AC 1/8 are critical to mechanisms subserving drug‐induced behavioral sensitization and mediate nigrostriatal pathway METH sensitivity.
PowerAlert: An Integrity Checker using Power Measurement

We propose PowerAlert, an efficient external integrity checker for untrusted hosts. Current attestation systems suffer from shortcomings in requiring complete checksum of the code segment, being static, use of timing information sourced from the untrusted machine, or use of timing information with high error (network round trip time). We address those shortcomings by (1) using power measurements from the host to ensure that the checking code is executed and (2) checking a subset of the kernel space over a long period of time. We compare the power measurement against a learned power model of the execution of the machine and validate that the execution was not tampered. Finally, power diversifies the integrity checking program to prevent the attacker from adapting. We implement a prototype of PowerAlert using Raspberry pi and evaluate the performance of the integrity checking program generation. We model the interaction between PowerAlert and an attacker as a game. We study the effectiveness of the random initiation strategy in deterring the attacker. The study shows that \power forces the attacker to trade-off stealthiness for the risk of detection, while still maintaining an acceptable probability of detection given the long lifespan of stealthy attacks.
Fostering collaborative knowledge construction in desktop video-conferencing: effects of content schemes and cooperation scripts in peer teaching settings

Video-conferencing is expected to become increasingly important for tele-learning environments. In contrast to asynchronous, text-based computer-mediated communication, video-conferencing facilitates cooperation tasks that require highly frequent and continuous coordination. Typical kinds of such cooperation tasks are found in peer teaching settings. Despite the growing application of video-conferencing, only little is known about possibilities of enhancing collaboration in video-conferencing settings. This study investigates the effects of different types of support for cooperation on the learning outcomes of peer dyads in a video-conferencing scenario. The main research question is how cooperation scripts and content schemes enhance the students' cognitive activities and foster the outcomes of cooperative learning. Two factors were varied experimentally: The content scheme (with/without) and the cooperation script (with/without). 86 university students of educational psychology participated in the study. Each student of a dyad received a text dealing with a psychological theory in the field of the nature-nurture-debate. The students' tasks were (1) to teach their partners the relevant contents of their text and (2) to reflect ideas that went beyond the scope of the text. Results indicate that in particular the cooperation script enhances learning outcomes of collaborative knowledge construction.
DTU PMU laboratory development — Testing and validation

This is a report of the results of phasor measurement unit (PMU) laboratory development and testing done at the Centre for Electric Technology (CET), Technical University of Denmark (DTU). Analysis of the PMU performance first required the development of tools to convert the DTU PMU data into IEEE standard, and the validation is done for the DTU-PMU via a validated commercial PMU. The commercial PMU has been tested from the authors' previous efforts, where the response can be expected to follow known patterns and provide confirmation about the test system to confirm the design and settings. In a nutshell, having 2 PMUs that observe same signals provides validation of the operation and flags questionable results with more certainty. Moreover, the performance and accuracy of the DTU-PMU is tested acquiring good and precise results, when compared with a commercial phasor measurement device, PMU-1.
Mechanical properties and biomass carbon ratios of poly(butylene succinate) composites filled with starch and cellulose filler using furfural as plasticizer

Polymer composites consisting of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as matrix and corn starch (CS) or cellulose filler (CF) with a small amount of furfural (FR) from biomass were prepared by a hot-pressing method at 120°C from a powder mixture. Mechanical properties of the composites' films were investigated using tensile test methods. The strain of these films was found to be developed by adding CS or CF and further improved by adding FR. The strain at break PBS with 15 wt % FR was improved by more than 16 times of that of PBS without FR. The biomass carbon ratios of polymer composites with oil-based PBS (major component) and with biobased CS, CF, and FR were evaluated by 14 C concentration ratio measured by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) based on ASTM D6866. PBS with 40 wt % CS or CF had a biomass carbon ratio of 31 and 36%, respectively. PBS with 15 wt % FR had a biomass carbon ratio of 3.4%. This deviation was confirmed by FR content calculated from the peak area of the 1 H-NMR spectrum of PBS with FR which was 3.4%, almost the same as the biomass carbon ratio measured by AMS.
Interactions of Dnd proteins involved in bacterial DNA phosphorothioate modification

DNA phosphorothioation (PT) is the first discovered physiological DNA backbone modification, in which a non-bridging oxygen atom of the phosphodiester bond is replaced with a sulfur atom in Rp (rectus for plane) configuration. PT modification is governed by a highly conserved gene cluster dndA/iscS-dndBCDE that is widespread across bacterial and archaeal species. However, little is known about how these proteins coordinately react with each other to perform oxygen–sulfur swap. We here demonstrated that IscS, DndC, DndD and DndE form a protein complex of which the molecular ratio for four proteins in the complex is approximate 1:1:1:1. DndB here displayed little or weak affinity to the complex and the constructs harboring dndACDE can confer the host in vivo PT modification. Using co-purification and pull down strategy, we demonstrated that the four proteins assemble into a pipeline in collinear to its gene organization, namely, IscS binding to DndC, DndC binding to DndD, and DndD binding to DndE. Moreover, weak interactions between DndE and IscS, DndE and DndC were also identified.
Structuring distributed algorithms for mobile hosts

Distributed algorithms have hitherto been designed for networks with static hosts. A mobile host (MH) can connect to the network from different locations at different times. This paper presents an operational system model for explicitly incorporating the effects of host mobility and proposes a general principle for structuring efficient distributed algorithms in this model. This principle is used to redesign two classical algorithms for distributed mutual exclusion for the mobile environment. We then consider a problem introduced solely by host mobility viz, location management for groups of MHs, and propose the concept of group location as an efficient approach to tackle the problem. Lastly, we present a framework which enables host mobility to be decoupled from the design of a distributed algorithm per se, to varying degrees. <<ETX>>
Conservative Protection Criteria for TV Broadcasting Services from IEEE 802.22 WRAN

IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Network (IEEE 802.22 WRAN) is considered for operating in the television (TV) bands without causing harmful interference to the primary users i.e. TV users. To tackle this problem, the authors propose an alternative method for calculating the protection distances between the WRAN devices and the TV protection contour where the WRAN devices are not permitted to radiate their powers since they may cause harmful interference to the TV users. The proposed calculation is similar to the one used for the impact study of ultra wideband (UWB) devices to the existing services in Japan. In this approach, the protection distances are calculated based on the interference-to-noise ratio (INR) at the TV receiver with respect to two deterministic propagation models. One is free space model and the other is spherical earth model. In addition, the comparison of the propagation loss and the protection distances between the proposed study and the conventional one are also presented.
Cardiac Myosin-Binding Protein C Is Required for Complete Relaxation in Intact Myocytes

The role of cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) in cardiac contraction is still not fully resolved. Experimental ablation of cMyBP-C by various means resulted in inconsistent changes in Ca2+ sensitivity and increased velocity of force of skinned preparations. To evaluate how these effects are integrated in an intact, living myocyte context, we investigated consequences of cMyBP-C ablation in ventricular myocytes and left atria from cMyBP-C knock-out (KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT). At 6 weeks, KO myocytes exhibited mild hypertrophy that became more pronounced by 30 weeks. Isolated cells from KO exhibited markedly lower diastolic sarcomere length (SL) without change in diastolic Ca2+. The lower SL in KO was partly abolished by the actin-myosin ATPase inhibitors 2,3-butanedione monoxime or blebbistatin, indicating residual actin-myosin interaction in diastole. The relationship between cytosolic Ca2+ and SL showed that KO cells started to contract at lower Ca2+ without reaching a higher maximum, yielding a smaller area of the phase-plane diagram. Both sarcomere shortening and Ca2+ transient were prolonged in KO. Isolated KO left atria exhibited a marked increase in sensitivity to external Ca2+ and, in contrast to WT, continued to develop twitch force at low micromolar Ca2+. Taken together, the main consequence of cMyBP-C ablation was a defect in diastolic relaxation and a smaller dynamic range of cell shortening, both of which likely result from the increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Our findings indicate that cMyBP-C functions as a restraint on myosin-actin interaction at low Ca2+ and short SL to allow complete relaxation during diastole.
The structure of isotropic turbulence at very high Reynolds numbers

A recapitulation is first given of a recent theory of homogeneous turbulence based on the condition that the Fourier amplitudes of the velocity field be as randomly distributed as the dynamical equations permit. This theory involves the average infinitesimal-impulse-response functions of the Fourier amplitudes and employs a new kind of perturbation method which yields what are belived to be exact expansions of third- and higher-order statistical moments of the Fourier amplitudes in terms of second-order moments and these response functions. In the present paper the theory is applied in lowest approximation (called the direct-interaction approximation) to stationary isotropic turbulence of very high Reynolds number. The characteristic wave-number $k_0 = \epsilon |v^3_0$ and Reynolds number $R_0 = v_0 k^{-1}_0 |v$ where v0 is the r.m.s. velocity in any given direction, ε is the power dissipated per unit mass, and ν is the kinematic viscosity, are introduced. For $R^{\frac {1}{3}}_0 \gg 1$ it is found that the inertial and dissipation ranges extend over wave-numbers k satisfying k0 [Lt ] k [Lt ] R0k0. The time-correlation and average infinitesimal-impulse-response functions of the Fourier amplitudes in these ranges are evaluated. They are found to be asymptotically identical and given by J1(2v0kτ)/v0kτ, where τ is the time interval. The energy spectrum in these ranges is determined by a non-linear integral equation, involving the time-correlation and response functions, which is suitable for solution by iteration. The solution is of the form E(k)/v0v = (k/kd) $^{- \frac {3} {2}}$ f(k/kd), where E(k) is the three-dimensional spectrum function $k_d = R^{\frac {2}{3}}_0 k_0$ is a wave-number characterizing the dissipation range, and f(k/kd) is a universal function. In the inertial range, E(k) = f(0) (ε V0)½ $ k^{- \frac {3} {2}}$, asymptotically. Theparameter f(0) can be obtained by quadratures, without solving the integral equation for E(k). Spectral energy transport throughout the inertial and dissipation ranges is found to proceed by a cascade process essentially local in wave-number space; the direct power delivered by all modes below k to all modes above k′ [Gt ] k is of order ε(k/k′)$ ^{ \frac {3} {2}}$ if k and k′ both lie within the inertial range. The mean-square velocity derivatives of all orders are found to be finite. For $R^{\frac {1}{3}}_0 \gg 1$ the skewness factor of the distribution of the nth-order longitudinal velocity derivative is found to have the asymptotic form $A_n R^{-\frac {1}{6}}_0$ where An is a universal constant. The theory is compared with experiment and is found to be slightly better supported than the Kolmogorov theory. However, it is stressed that extreme caution must be exercised in interpreting the experimental evidence as support for either theory. An analysis is given of the relations between the Kolmogorov theory, Heisen-berg's heuristic theory, the analytical theories of Heisenberg and Chandrasekhar, the theories of Proudman & Reid and Tatsumi, and the present theory.
Offline Character Recognition System Using Artificial Neural Network

Advancement in Artificial Intelligence has lead to the developments of various "smart" devices. The biggest challenge in the field of image processing is to recognize documents both in printed and handwritten format. Character recognition is one of the most widely used biometric traits for authentication of person as well as document. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a type of document image analysis where scanned digital image that contains either machine printed or handwritten script input into an OCR software engine and translating it into an editable machine readable digital text format. A Neural network is designed to model the way in which the brain performs a particular task or function of interest. Each image character is comprised of 30×20 pixels. We have applied feature extraction technique for calculating the feature. Features extracted from characters are directions of pixels with respect to their neighboring pixels. These inputs are given to a back propagation neural network with hidden layer and output layer. We have used the Back propagation Neural Network for efficient recognition where the errors were corrected through back propagation and rectified neuron values were transmitted by feed-forward method in the neural network of multiple layers.
Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Modeling and Characterization Based on Experimental Results

A grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system operates under fluctuated weather condition has been modeled and characterized based on specific test bed. A mathematical model of a small-scale PV system has been developed mainly for residential usage, and the potential results have been simulated. The proposed PV model based on three PV parameters, which are the photocurrent, IL, the reverse diode saturation current, Io, the ideality factor of diode, n. Accuracy of the proposed model and its parameters evaluated based on different benchmarks. The results showed that the proposed model fitting the experimental results with high accuracy compare to the other models, as well as the I-V characteristic curve. The results of this study can be considered valuable in terms of the installation of a grid-connected PV system in fluctuated climatic conditions.
Nonequilibrium stationary state of a harmonic crystal with alternating masses.

We analyze the nonequilibrium steady states (NESS) of a one-dimensional harmonic chain of N atoms with alternating masses connected to heat reservoirs at unequal temperatures. We find that the temperature profile defined through the local kinetic energy T(j)≡/mj oscillates with period two in the bulk of the system. Depending on boundary conditions, either the heavier or the lighter particles in the bulk are hotter. We obtain explicit integral expressions for the bulk temperature profile and steady state current in the limit N→∞. These depend on whether N is odd or even. We also study similar temperature oscillations in the NESS of systems with noise in the dynamics. These die out as N→∞.
A review of crowdsourcing technology for product design and development

With the ever improving availability of social media platforms, the internet and mobile devices, crowdsourcing becomes a popular business development strategy in outsourcing various tasks to outside crowds. In product design and development, one of the crowdsourcing objectives is to engage various users into human-centered design processes and outsource tasks to crowds for better design efficiency, quality and business benefits. There are many studies about crowdsourcing from different viewpoints, but none of them focuses on crowdsourcing technology review, especially in product design and development. In this paper, we report a literature review of crowdsourcing technology including the task assignment techniques, incentive mechanism and communication skills, crowdsourcing framework, and platforms. We also discuss the existing problems: 1) current crowdsourcing platforms only partly support product design activities; 2) crowd workers' privacy may be threatened; 3) some cheat phenomenon may exist on some platforms. Finally, we suggest the future directions on the related crowdsourcing technology.
Putting the Focus Back on the Patient: How Privacy Concerns Affect Personal Health Information Sharing Intentions

Background Health care providers are driven by greater participation and systemic cost savings irrespective of benefits to individual patients derived from sharing Personal Health Information (PHI). Protecting PHI is a critical issue in the sharing of health care information systems; yet, there is very little literature examining the topic of sharing PHI electronically. A good overview of the regulatory, privacy, and societal barriers to sharing PHI can be found in the 2009 Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act. Objective This study investigated the factors that influence individuals’ intentions to share their PHI electronically with health care providers, creating an understanding of how we can represent a patient’s interests more accurately in sharing settings, instead of treating patients like predetermined subjects. Unlike privacy concern and trust, patient activation is a stable trait that is not subject to change in the short term and, thus, is a useful factor in predicting sharing behavior. We apply the extended privacy model in the health information sharing context and adapt this model to include patient activation and issue involvement to predict individuals’ intentions. Methods This was a survey-based study with 1600+ participants using the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) data to validate a model through various statistical techniques. The research method included an assessment of both the measurement and structural models with post hoc analysis. Results We find that privacy concern has the most influence on individuals’ intentions to share. Patient activation, issue involvement, and patient-physician relationship are significant predictors of sharing intention. We contribute to theory by introducing patient activation and issue involvement as proxies for personal interest factors in the health care context. Conclusions Overall, this study found that although patients are open to sharing their PHI, they still have concerns over the privacy of their PHI during the sharing process. It is paramount to address this factor to increase information flow and identify how patients can assure that their privacy is protected. The outcome of this study is a set of recommendations for motivating the sharing of PHI. The goal of this research is to increase the health profile of the patients by integrating the testing and diagnoses of various doctors across health care providers and, thus, bring patients closer to the physicians.