Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of Apolipoprotein B Secretion, but Not Lipid, by Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α in Rat Hepatocyte Cultures in the Absence of Extracellular Fatty Acids

Abstract: Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) plays a pivotal role in the host response to infection. Rapidly liberated to the bloodstream, TNF‐α triggers the production of other cytokines and the acute‐phase response. Hypertriglyceridemia is a sepsis hallmark associated with high plasma levels of very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, partly ascribed to increased hepatic production. The kinetics of the hepatocyte response, the cytokine/s responsible, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. VLDL biogenesis is a complex, time‐consuming process that depends on lipid availability and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) activity for correct apolipoprotein B (apoB) lipidation. Studies were performed to define the direct effect of TNF‐α on VLDL secretion rate and composition in rat hepatocytes cultured in conditions resembling the fed situation. Increases of 17–24% in the number of VLDL particles secreted and of 44–88% in the cellular levels of apoB mRNA were caused by 5, 20, or 100 ng/mL TNF‐α in 8 h. Lipoprotein secretion returned to baseline levels in 16 h, whereas TNF‐α‐treated cells continued to exhibit higher apoB transcript levels. The mass of each lipid class in secreted VLDL and of MTP mRNA in cells was not affected by any of the tested TNF‐α doses or treatment periods. These findings indicate that over a wide range of concentrations, TNF‐α was capable of inducing sustained upregulation of apoB mRNA expression and transient increase in secretion of its protein, but, apparently, VLDL triglyceride secretion was not a TNF‐α target under conditions in which fatty acids were not extracellularly provided.
Comparing Subjective With Objective Sleep Parameters Via Multisensory Actigraphy in German Physical Education Students

This study compared subjective with objective sleep parameters among 72 physical education students. Furthermore, the study determined whether 24-hr recording differs from nighttime recording only. Participants wore the SenseWear Armband™ for three consecutive nights and kept a sleep log. Agreement rates ranged from moderate to low for sleep onset latency (ICC = 0.39 to 0.70) and wake after sleep onset (ICC = 0.22 to 0.59), while time in bed (ICC = 0.93 to 0.95) and total sleep time (ICC = 0.90 to 0.92) revealed strong agreement during this period. Comparing deviations between 24-hr wearing time (n = 24) and night-only application (n = 20) revealed no statistical difference (p > 0.05). As athletic populations have yet to be investigated for these purposes, this study provides useful indicators and practical implications for future studies.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Annual Trichomonas vaginalis Screening and Treatment in HIV-Positive Women to Prevent HIV Transmission

Background Because of a high incidence of Trichomonas infection among HIV-positive women, annual screening and treatment are recommended. Trichomonas infection is associated with a 2-fold risk of HIV transmission. The objective of this study was to determine if annual screening is cost-effective for the prevention of new HIV cases in susceptible male partners secondary to Trichomonas infection in HIV-positive women. Methods A decision tree analysis was constructed to model the costs of Trichomonas screening, treatment, and follow-up. 200 women cycled through the model for a period of 12 months. One hundred women were unscreened and 100 were screened and treated per recommendations. Results Annual Trichomonas screening and treatment saves US$553 (US$475– US$645) per woman in the prevention of HIV transmission to male partners. The cost-effectiveness of this strategy was maintained across all assumptions in a sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Trichomonas screening and treatment for the purpose of decreasing new HIV infections is not only cost-effective but also cost saving in HIV-positive women. If Centers for Disease Control and Prevention treatment guidelines were followed in all HIV-positive women living in the United States, the lifetime cost of new HIV infections prevented would approximate US$159,264,000 and could potentially prevent new HIV cases secondary to female-to-male transmissions.
UK Transfusion Laboratory Collaborative: Recommended minimum standards for hospital transfusion laboratories

The Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) Adverse Incident Reporting Scheme (SHOT Annual Reports, 1996–2008) has consistently reported that 30–40% of ‘wrong blood’ event errors are due to errors originating in the hospital blood transfusion laboratory with a disproportionate number occurring outside ‘core hours'. Evidence collated from two national surveys (Summary of Two National Surveys of UK Transfusion Laboratories, http://www.ibms.org/index.cfm? method=science.transfusion_science) of UK Transfusion Laboratories has formed the basis for the following recommendations aimed at reducing blood transfusion laboratory errors by 50% by 30 September 2012. The collaborative recommendations are intended to encourage effective and appropriate use of technology and staff in hospital transfusion laboratories within the framework of current legislative requirements. These recommendations will help hospitals and trusts in achieving the minimum standards of proficiency and practice set by The Health Professions Council (HPC) (HPC Standards of Proficiency, 2004) and as required by the UK Blood Safety and Quality Regulations (as amended) (BSQR 2005). The collaborative recognises that not all existing hospital transfusion laboratory structures may currently meet all of these recommendations. However, hospitals and trusts will be expected to work towards these recommendations if transfusion services are reconfigured, as new posts are established or new staff members are appointed. It is recommended that appropriate staff currently in post who do not hold one of the qualifications listed in recommendation 3.1 must demonstrate equivalence to the learning outcomes of an Institute of Biomedical Science (IBMS) Higher Specialist Diploma in Transfusion Science or an IBMS accredited MSc in Transfusion and Transplantation to meet recommendations 3.4 and 3.6 below. It is recommended that appropriate staff currently in post who do not hold one of the qualifications listed in recommendation 3.2 must have their competency assessed against the learning outcomes of one of these qualifications before undertaking lone-working to meet recommendations 3.4 and 3.6 below.
Contribution of the PDL to Osteotomy Repair and Implant Osseointegration

Our objective was to clarify the fate of the periodontal ligament (PDL) retained in the socket after tooth extraction, then determine if this tissue contributed to the osseointegration of “immediate” implants placed in these fresh extraction sockets. Mice underwent maxillary first molar extraction, the residual PDL was removed by an osteotomy, and titanium implants were placed. The osteotomy was created in such a way that the palatal surface was devoid of PDL remnants while the buccal, mesial, and distal surfaces retained PDL fibers. At multiple time points after surgery, tissues were analyzed using a battery of molecular, cellular, and histomorphometrical assays. We found that PDL remnants mineralized and directly contributed to new bone formation in the extraction site. Compared with regions of an extraction site where the PDL was removed by osteotomy, regions that retained PDL fibers had produced significantly more new bone. Around immediate implants, the retained PDL remnants directly contributed to new bone formation and osseointegration. Thus, we conclude that PDL remnants are inherently osteogenic, and if the tissue is healthy, it is reasonable to conclude that curetting out an extraction socket prior to immediate implant placement should be avoided. This recommendation aligns with contemporary trends toward minimally invasive surgical manipulations of the extraction socket prior to immediate implant placement.
Affinity‐Based Reverse Micellar Extraction and Separation (ARMES): A Facile Technique for the Purification of Peroxidase from Soybean Hulls

A new technique for the purification of proteins has been developed which combines the high selectivity of affinity interaction with the scalability and ease of operation of liquid‐liquid extraction. The approach is called affinity‐based reverse micellar extraction and separation (ARMES). The salient features of ARMES include the following: (1) intraphasic interaction between the ligand and ligate which provides for high ligand utilization; (2) no chemical modification of the ligand is needed; and (3) ease of operation and inherent scalability due to the use of liquid‐liquid extraction. This technique has been used to purify the peroxidase from soybean hulls using the lectin concanavalin A (con A) as a sugar‐binding affinity ligand. A purification factor of 30 is achieved to provide a nearly pure peroxidase solution (as determined by HPLC and SDS‐PAGE) with nearly complete regeneration of the con A ligand. We propose that ARMES will be useful in the facile purification of complex biomolecules such as glycoform protein variants using lectins as affinity ligands and proteins of therapeutic importance using antibodies as affinity ligands.
Photochemical syn–anti Isomerization Reactions in N2-Hydroxyisocytosines—An Experimental Matrix Isolation and Theoretical Study¶

Abstract N2-hydroxyisocytosine and 1-methyl-N2-hydroxyisocytosine were studied using a matrix isolation technique combined with infrared absorption spectroscopy. For N2-hydroxyisocytosine isolated in an Ar matrix (at 10 K), two imino–oxo isomers, one with the hydroxyimino =N–OH group directed toward the N1–H group (the form called further anti) and the second with the =N–OH group directed toward N3–H (syn), were observed in the ratio 1.4:1. The syn isomer is converted totally to the anti form after UV (λ > 295 nm) irradiation of the matrix. A small amount of the N(3)H-hydroxy–amino tautomer of N2-hydroxyisocytosine was also detected in the matrix. This form did not react photochemically. For 1-methyl-N2-hydroxyisocytosine, only the syn form of the imino–oxo tautomer was observed after deposition of the matrix. UV (λ > 295 nm) irradiation induced a photoreaction converting this isomer into the anti form. After 15% of the starting material had been converted into the product, a photostationary state was achieved, and no further progress of the reaction was observed. Subsequent UV irradiation (λ > 335 nm) caused a back reaction, leading to a disappearance of the anti form and to the recovery of the initial syn isomer. All isomers were identified by comparing their experimental IR spectra with the spectra theoretically calculated at the DFT(B3LYP)/6-31G(d,p) level, where DFT is the density functional theory. Good agreement between the observed and predicted patterns of the spectral lines allowed for reliable identification. The experimental IR spectra were interpreted and discussed. The relative energies of the 12 isomers of N2-hydroxyisocytosine were calculated at the MP2/6-31G(d,p) and MP4//MP2/6-31G(d,p) levels. For six isomers of 1-methyl-N2-hydroxyisocytosine, the calculations were carried out at the MP2/6-31G(d,p) level. The anti form of the imino–oxo tautomer of N2-hydroxyisocytosine and the syn form of the imino–oxo tautomer of 1-methyl-N2-hydroxyisocytosine were predicted to be the most stable.
Molecular Modelling and Structural Analysis of the Helicobacter pylori Pseudaminic Acid Biosynthesis UDP-Sugar Hydrolase

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research . International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline. net © Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. Available online at www.globalresearchonline. net 168 Syeda Umme Habiba Wahid International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: suhwahid@gmail.com
SEGURIDADE E PREVIDÊNCIA: CONCEITOS FUNDAMENTAIS*

1 INTRODUCAO Na primeira secao do presente capitulo, faremos uma breve discussao da importância do aparato institucional que regula os sistemas de seguridade e previdencia, dando enfase ao papel fundamental que as regras formais assumiram na conformacao dos programas de previdencia. Destacamos que essas regras legalmente constituidas, aqui tratadas como o aparato institucional, acabam por definir e moldar o comportamento dos individuos na busca por maximizacao de renda. Na segunda secao, apresentaremos de maneira ligeiramente mais formal os conceitos fundamentais de seguridade social, em especial aqueles ligados a previdencia. Nesse topico vamos destacar o papel de cada um dos elementos que compoem a previdencia social no Brasil e sua relacao com o que sera visto nos demais capitulos do presente estudo. A terceira secao apresentara de forma resumida as razoes para a intervencao do Estado na questao de seguridade e, mais especificamente, na previdencia. Procuramos destacar dois aspectos que julgamos relevantes: a) apesar de, em varios paises, o sistema de previdencia ter nascido sob o comando do Estado e ter se tornado a forma dominante durante o seculo XX – ainda que desde a decada de 1990 essa tendencia tenha se revertido –, essa nao e a unica forma teoricamente possivel, ainda que empiricamente seja predominante; e b) argumentos teoricos para o papel proeminente do Estado em questoes de previdencia nao sao consensuais, nem tampouco e trivial deduzir essa proeminencia empiricamente observada.
Postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia. Scarring alopecia in a pattern distribution.

BACKGROUND Recession of the frontal hairline is a common event in postmenopausal women. This has been shown not to be a marker of gross androgenization, and is usually a progressive nonscarring alopecia. Six postmenopausal women, who developed a progressive frontal scarring alopecia, were studied and their clinical and laboratory data, as well as the results of scalp biopsy specimens in all six patients, were analyzed and compared with recognized forms of scarring alopecia and recently described findings in androgenetic alopecia. OBSERVATIONS The six postmenopausal women developed a progressive frontal hairline recession that was associated with perifollicular erythema within the marginal hairline, producing a frontal fibrosing alopecia extending to the temporal and parietal hair margins. Scalp biopsy specimens from the frontal hair margin showed perifollicular fibrosis and lymphocytic inflammation concentrated around the isthmus and infundibular areas of the follicles. Immunophenotyping of the lymphocytes showed a dominance of activated T-helper cells. Clinical review of all six cases showed a progressive marginal alopecia without the typical multifocal areas of involvement seen in lichen planopilaris or pseudopelade. None of the patients had mucous membrane or skin lesions typical of lichen planus. Hormonal studies, in five patients, showed no elevated androgen abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Progressive frontal recession in postmenopausal women may show clinical features of a fibrosing alopecia. The histologic findings are indistinguishable from those seen in lichen planopilaris. However, the absence of associated lesions of lichen planus in all six women raises the possibility that this mode of follicular destruction represents a reaction pattern triggered by the events underlying postmenopausal frontal hairline recession.
Local and CMOS-compatible synthesis of CuO nanowires on a suspended microheater on a silicon substrate

This paper presents the synthesis of CuO nanowires using a localized thermal heating method in ambient air. It employs local heat sources defined in micro-resistive heaters fabricated by a standard polysilicon-based surface micromachining process instead of a global furnace heating. Since the synthesis is performed globally at room temperature, the presented process is compatible with standard CMOS. The synthesized CuO nanowires are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. It is found that this approach provides a simple method to locally synthesize suspended CuO nanowires on polysilicon microbridges on silicon substrates, thus allowing for integration of CuO nanowires into silicon-based devices. It provides a significant step towards the process integration of CuO nanowires with MEMS to realize functional devices.
Peroral ultra‐slim endoscopy‐guided biliary drainage and stone extraction for postoperative upper gastrointestinal stenosis with a naïve papilla (with videos)

Direct biliary drainage using ultra-slim endoscopy has recently been developed for treating acute cholangitis [1–3]. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) using an ultra-slim endoscope is technically difficult and may increase post-ERCP pancreatitis risk in patients with naive papillae. Therefore, its use is limited to patients with previous endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) and/or papillary balloon dilation (EPBD). Additionally, the small diameters ofthe instrumentchannels ofendoscopicdevices have limited diagnostic or therapeutic application. We present a successful case of biliary drainage for acute cholangitis and bile duct stone extraction with ultra-slim endoscopy in a patient with a naive papilla and surgically altered gastrointestinal (GI)
Change in psychological resources of younger and older cancer patients during chemotherapy

Psychological resources were investigated in 150 recently diagnosed adult cancer patients and in 150 healthy control group members. Before the start of chemotherapy, cancer patients reported higher levels of optimism, purpose in life than their healthy peers, and self‐esteem (only younger patients) whereas no between‐group differences emerged for internal locus of control. However, the mobilization of psychological resources was limited to younger patients, and varied by item content. Over a 9‐month period, most psychological resources of cancer patients showed a small but significant decline, and patients with higher illness‐related stressors (e.g. stronger functional impairments, low perceived success of therapy) were more likely to decline in resources. We conclude that in line with cognitive adaptation theory cancer diagnosis leads to an initial mobilization of psychological resources in younger patients, but that over the course of therapy psychological resources decline to a level that would be expected in healthy adults. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The repair of experimentally produced defects in rabbit articular cartilage by autologous chondrocyte transplantation

Using the knee joints of New Zealand White rabbits, a baseline study was made to determine the intrinsic capability of cartilage for healing defects that do not fracture the subchondral plate. A second experiment examined the effect of autologous chondrocytes grown in vitro on the healing rate of these defects. To determine whether any of the reconstituted cartilage resulted from the chondrocyte graft, a third experiment was conducted involving grafts with chondrocytes that had been labeled prior to grafting with a nuclear tracer. Results were evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative light microscopy. Macroscopic results from grafted specimens displayed a marked decrease in synovitis and other degenerative changes. In defects that had received transplants, a significant amount of cartilage was reconstituted (82%) compared to ungrafted controls (18%). Autoradiography on reconstituted cartilage showed that there were labeled cells incorporated into the repair matrix.
Detuning and Thermal Effects on the Dynamics of Passively Mode-Locked Quantum-Well Lasers

The impact of the wavelength-dependent properties of quantum-well (QW) saturable-absorbers (SAs) on the mode-locked operation of monolithic two-section QW lasers is examined with a travelling-wave description that includes a model for the optical response of the active material at finite temperatures. Good-quality mode-locking regimes occur only in small regions of parameter space due to the wavelength-dependent absorption and saturation energy of the SA section. Joule heating associated with photocurrent generation in the SA section dynamically modifies the relative detuning, and may eventually lead to the disappearance of mode-locking. Either proper thermal management of the absorber section or absorbers with wavelength-independent properties are needed in order to improve the breadth of the regime of good-quality mode-locked operation.
[Identification of estazolam, alprazolam and triazolam in human urine by LC/MSn].

AIM To investigate the fragmentation behavior of triazolobenzodiazepines and to develop a specific, sensitive and rapid LC/MSn assay for simultaneous determination of estazolam, alprazolam and triazolam in human urine. METHODS After oral administration of a single 4 mg dose of the drugs to each of three healthy volunteers, urine samples were purified by solid-phase extraction, and then injected into an ODS column (150 mm x 4.6 mm) with a mobile phase of methanol-water (8:2) for LC/MSn analysis. The structures of estazolam, alprazolam and triazolam in human urine were identified by direct comparison of the observed mass spectra and the chromatographic retention time with those of the reference substance. The mass spectrometer (Finnigan LCQ) was operated in positive mode and in two scan modes including SIM and full scan MS/MS mode. The obtained mass spectra was analyzed assisted with the software Mass Frontier 1.0 for their fragmentation pathways. RESULTS The full scan MS/MS spectra of each compound gave characteristic fragment ions of [M + H - N2]+ and [M + H - Cl]+. The detection limit was below 0.5 ng.mL-1 for estazolam, alprazolam and triazolam in human urine. CONCLUSION The method is useful in forensic and clinical toxicology in which unequivocal identification of eatazolam, alprazolam and triazolam is desired.