Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FPGA implementation of Alamouti MIMO log-likelihood ratio selection for receiver-antenna selection combining

The Alamouti multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detector based on the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) selection statistic for receiver-antenna selection combining (SC) is implemented on an FPGA platform, where hardware simulation using Verilog HDL is illustrated, and the BPSK signaling is considered.
The University of Edinburgh’s systems submission to the MT task at IWSLT

This paper describes the submission of the University of Edinburgh team to the IWSLT MT task for TED talks. We took part in four translation directions, en-de, de-en, en-fr, and fr-en. The models have been trained with an attentional encoder-decoder model using Nematus, training data filtering and back-translation have been applied for domain-adaptation purposes.
Power Profile Equalizer: A Lightweight Countermeasure against Side-Channel Attack

Power attack is an important side-channel attack (SCA) method based on the correlation between measured power profile and internal switching activities. Various techniques have been proposed to prevent power attack. It has been noted that the on-chip power grid (PG) has a vital effect on the effectiveness of power attack by inducing a noise in the power profile. However, there is a lack of study on this intrinsic effect of PG. In this paper, we explore the methods of exploiting the PG-induced noise to counter with power attack. We note that the PG-induced noise strongly depends on the PG impedance and it can be regulated by adjusting the PG capacitor to control the power profile to fixed values, which contributes to reducing the power leakage. Further, we propose a novel adjustment technique for PG capacitor, i.e. power profile equalizer (PPE), as a lightweight (low-overhead) countermeasure against power attack. PPE exploits the regulated noise to equalize the power profile without violating the layout and supply noise constraints. To reduce the overheads, random walk is adopted to utilize the utmost on-chip resources. Moreover, PPE is implemented by optimizing PG which is an essential IC component rather than producing new circuits. As a result, PPE incurs low overheads. Experimental results show that PPE is able to improve the measurements to disclose (MTD) by 1800x while the area and power increase respectively by 0.12% and 0.91%.
A noise-tolerant algorithm for robotic hand-eye calibration with or without sensor orientation measurement

An iterative algorithm for calibration of a robotic hand-eye relationship is presented. The hand-eye calibration can be performed by solving a system of homogeneous transformation equations of the form A/sub i/X=XB/sub i/, where X is the unknown sensor position relative to the robot wrist, A/sub i/ is the ith robot motion, and B/sub i/ is the ith sensor motion. Unlike existing approaches, the algorithm presented solves the kinematic parameters of X in one stage, thus eliminating error propagation and improving noise sensitivity. Furthermore, with the iterative algorithm, the parameters of X can be computed even when the rotational part of B/sub i/ is unknown. This is important since position is easier to measure than orientation. Comparative simulation studies show that the performance of the iterative algorithm is usually better than that of noniterative two-stage algorithms, regardless of whether the orientation part of B/sub i/ is used or not. This paper also discusses the application of the proposed method to calibration of a tool mounted on a robot manipulator. >
Reactive power limits in distributed generators from generic capability curves

This paper presents a generic trapezoid-type capability curve for any distributed generation technology. This curve is used to estimate the machine reactive power limits in terms of the actual active power and terminal voltage. The proposed simplification was tested on synchronous machines, doubly fed induction generators and full power converter interfaced generators. This methodology can be implemented in Volt/VAR control schemes when the estimation of DG capability is required.
Higher‐level motor processes

Traditionally the motor system was thought of as a movement output device that, after brain damage, can impede patients from correctly planning and executing an action. In the last 20 years neuropsychological observations have contributed to the development of a new view that attributes higher‐level functions to this system. Rapidly, this area of investigation has grown very popular, with motor representations being considered critical for action and object recognition, imagery and even language understanding. At present, we can distinguish between embodied and disembodied theories. The former predominantly are built on associations of deficits in these abilities whereas the latter rely on dissociations between deficits. Neuroimaging research has also showed that different action‐related functions activate either overlapping or discrete regions, thus sustaining either association‐based or dissociation‐based models. Although no convincing theory is, to date, available to explain both sets of observations, cognitive neuroscientists have begun to explore this intermediate hypothesis space. Here we suggest that concepts like strategy and simulation seem promising in explaining how the cognitive system alternates between action‐related functions.
Dynamic heterogeneity comes to life

In the physical sciences, glasses are the paradigm of nonequilibrium matter (1–3): When too cold or too dense, fluids cease to flow, forming the amorphous solid-like material we call glass. This solidification occurs in the absence of any apparent structural ordering, in contrast to more conventional condensed matter. Dynamical arrest and jamming like that of glasses are ubiquitous in nature. It occurs in a vast range of systems spanning microscopic to macroscopic scales, including molecular and polymeric liquids, granular media-like sand and powders, colloidal suspensions, foams and pastes, plastics, metallic alloys, and even type II superconductors. A paper in PNAS (4) makes this an even more generic problem by showing that glass transition behavior is relevant in areas way beyond materials science.
Highly linear 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS power amplifier with deep n-Well structure

The linearity of a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS power amplifier (PA) is improved by adopting a deep n-well (DNW). To find the reason for the improvement, bias dependent nonlinear parameters of the test devices are extracted from a small-signal model and a Volterra series analysis for an optimized nMOS PA with a proper matching circuit is carried out. From the analysis, it is revealed that the DNW of the nMOS lowers the harmonic distortion generated from the intrinsic gate-source capacitance (C/sub gs/), which is the dominant nonlinear source, and partially from drain junction capacitance (C/sub jd/). Single-ended and differential PAs for 2.45-GHz WLAN are designed and fabricated using a 0.18-/spl mu/m standard CMOS process. The single-ended PA with the DNW improves IMD3 and IMD5 about 5 dB with identical power performances, i.e., 20 dBm of P/sub out/, 18.7 dB of power gain and 31% of power-added efficiency (PAE) at P/sub 1dB/. The IMD3 and IMD5 are below -40 dBc and -47dBc, respectively. The differential PA with the DNW also shows about 7 dB improvements of IMD3 and IMD5 with 20.2 dBm of P/sub out/, 18.9 dB of power gain and 35% of PAE at P/sub 1dB/. The IMD3 and IMD5 are below -45 dB and -57 dBc, respectively. These performances of the linear PAs are state-of-the-art results.
A VEP-based spelling system with sequential stimulus using binary BCH codes

It is known that electroencephalograph (EEG) signals show specific responses with a event; e.g., visual stimulus, cognition or motor imagery. Especially users can control an electronic device by classifying and interpreting the EEG signals; such a system is called brain-computer interface (BCI). In this study, we tried to construct the BCI system, based on transient visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and its visual stimuli flash in conformity with the sequence of binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes.
Methyl-specific DNA binding by McrBC, a modification-dependent restriction enzyme.

McrBC, a GTP-requiring, modification-dependent endonuclease of Escherichia coli K-12, specifically recognizes DNA sites of the form 5' R(m)C 3'. DNA cleavage normally requires translocation-mediated coordination between two such recognition elements at distinct sites. We have investigated assembly of the cleavage-competent complex with gel-shift and DNase I footprint analysis. In the gel-shift system, McrB(L) binding resulted in a fast-migrating specific shifted band, in a manner requiring both GTP and Mg(2+). The binding was specific for methylated DNA and responded to local sequence changes in the same way that cleavage does. Single-stranded DNA competed for McrB(L)-binding in a modification and sequence-specific fashion. A supershifted species was formed in the presence of McrC and GTPgammaS. DNase I footprint analysis showed modest cooperativity in binding to two sites, and a two-site substrate displayed protection in non-specific spacer DNA in addition to the recognition elements. The addition of McrC did not affect the footprint obtained. We propose that McrC effects a conformational change in the complex rather than a reorganization of the DNA:protein interface.
Developing the ASEAN regional road safety strategy

In 2011, more than 75,000 people died in road crashes in the ten member countries of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and many times this number sustained long term injuries. Improving road safety outcomes in ASEAN is not only important for the welfare and economic benefit of these countries, but given that a significant proportion of the world’s population lives in ASEAN, it will strongly influence whether the aims of the United Nations Decade of Action for Road Safety and the Sustainable Development Goals are reached. For this reason, the Asian Development Bank, funded by the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction, has funded a package of action to improve road safety in ASEAN, including the development of a regional road safety strategy. The diversity of the member nations of ASEAN poses significant challenges for the development of the strategy. For example, the road fatality rates per 100,000 population in Malaysia and Thailand are about 5 times greater than in Singapore. In addition, the importance of particular road safety issues varies across the ASEAN countries and for countries which are undergoing rapid motorization, the order of importance may change over the life of the strategy. The development of the ASEAN Regional Road Safety Strategy has adopted the five pillars of road safety of the UN Decade of Action but focused on those aspects which are most relevant at the regional level and where a regional approach will support and facilitate actions taken by individual countries.
Evaluation of trust in robots: A cognitive approach

The study of Human-Robot interaction faces one of the biggest challenges in measuring the trustworthiness of the robots. The enhancement and the augmentation of the human capabilities using the human robot integration are dependent on the reliability and dependability of the robots. These factors become more significant when the participation of the robot is the human robot integration is active and the cohesion between humans and robots is high. In order to measure the trust and other cognitive parameters of the robot, we have designed trust model in this research paper. This paper evaluates the trust of a customized robot while performing a task using three different algorithms. The algorithms used for the path planning task in this paper are simple artificial neural network; reinforcement based artificial neural network and Situation-Operator Model. The trust model proposed in this paper has been simulated using the results obtained while the robot performed its tasks using the three algorithms. The results show that the trust of the robot increases with each learning cycle thereby indicating that the training of the robot enhances the trust parameter of the robot.
Characterization of the surface properties of commercially available dental implants using scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.

BACKGROUND Since osseointegration of the respective implant is claimed by all manufacturing companies, it is obvious that not just one specific surface profile including the chemistry controls bone apposition. PURPOSE The purpose was to identify and separate out a particular set of surface features of the implant surfaces that can contribute as factors in the osseointegration process. MATERIAL AND METHODS The surface properties of several commercially available dental implants were extensively studied using profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Ultrathin sections prepared with focused ion beam microscopy (FIB) provided microstructural and chemical data which have not previously been communicated. The implants were the Nobel Biocare TiUnite (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden), Nobel Biocare Steri-Oss HA-coated (Nobel Biocare AB, Yorba Linda, CA, USA), Astra-Tech OsseoSpeed (Astra Tech AB, Mölndal, Sweden), Straumann SLA (Straumann AG, Waldenburg, Switzerland), and the Brånemark Integration Original Fixture implant (Brånemark Integration, Göteborg, Sweden). RESULTS It was found that their surface properties had differences. The surfaces were covered with crystalline TiO(2) (both anatase and rutile), amorphous titanium oxide, phosphorus doped amorphous titanium oxide, fluorine, titanium hydride, and hydroxyapatite, respectively. CONCLUSION This indicates that the provision of osseointegration is not exclusively linked to a particular set of surface features if the implant surface character is a major factor in that process. The studied methodology provides an effective tool to also analyze the interface between implant and surrounding bone. This would be a natural next step in understanding the ultrastructure of the interface between bone and implants.
A novel frameshift deletion in type IV collagen α5 gene in a juvenile‐type Alport syndrome patient: An adenine deletion (2940/2943 del A) in exon 34 of COL4A5

Institute of Biolog~ai Sciences and Genetics, University of Verona School of Medicine, Unioersity Hospital Polyclinic, 371 34 Verona, Italy (B. P., S. R . , P. F . P., A. E. T.), Department of Molecular Biolugy and Medical Genetics, University of Sienu, 53 100 Siena, Italy (A.R., L.G.), Debartment uf Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbasuno, Ituly (M.D.M.), Unit of Nephroiogy and Dialysis, Hospital of Vimercate, 20059 Mihn, Italy (G.B., M.M. , A S . ) , and Unit of Nephrology, 73042 Cusaruno, Lecce, Jtaly (S. S.); Fax: 39-45-8098I80
Differential Effects of Carbohydrates on Arabidopsis Pollen Germination

Pollen germination as a crucial process in plant development strongly depends on the accessibility of carbon as energy source. Carbohydrates, however, function not only as a primary energy source, but also as important signaling components. In a comprehensive study, we analyzed various aspects of the impact of 32 different sugars on in vitro germination of Arabidopsis pollen comprising about 150 variations of individual sugars and combinations. Twenty-six structurally different mono-, di- and oligosaccharides, and sugar analogs were initially tested for their ability to support pollen germination. Whereas several di- and oligosaccharides supported pollen germination, hexoses such as glucose, fructose and mannose did not support and even considerably inhibited pollen germination when added to germination-supporting medium. Complementary experiments using glucose analogs with varying functional features, the hexokinase inhibitor mannoheptulose and the glucose-insensitive hexokinase-deficient Arabidopsis mutant gin2-1 suggested that mannose- and glucose-mediated inhibition of sucrose-supported pollen germination depends partially on hexokinase signaling. The results suggest that, in addition to their role as energy source, sugars act as signaling molecules differentially regulating the complex process of pollen germination depending on their structural properties. Thus, a sugar-dependent multilayer regulation of Arabidopsis pollen germination is supported, which makes this approach a valuable experimental system for future studies addressing sugar sensing and signaling.
A surgical device for radiofrequency ablation of large liver tumors

Radiofrequency ablation has become an accepted treatment option of patients with primary and metastatic liver tumors. We propose an ablation electrode array consisting of 4–8 blade shaped electrodes arranged in a circular geometry for the treatment of large liver tumors. We developed a 3D code based on the finite difference method for evaluating the effect of different numbers of electrodes (4, 6 and 8) and electrode distance on lesion size. The configuration with six electrodes can ablate a volume of 70 × 70 × 40 mm3 in approximately 5 min, with tissue temperature above 50 °C throughout the treatment volume. We then performed an experimental study in polyacrylamide gel in order to validate the theoretical results. The average temperature error between the simulation and the experiment was 3.8% at the center of the electrode array. This study shows that the proposed device potentially allows more rapid treatment of large tumors than current radiofrequency ablation devices.
Orchidectomy attenuates high‐salt diet‐induced increases in blood pressure, renovascular resistance, and hind limb vascular dysfunction: role of testosterone

Sex hormone‐dependent vascular reactivity is an underlying factor contributing to sex differences in salt‐dependent hypertension. This study evaluated the role of androgens (testosterone) in high salt‐induced increase in blood pressure (BP) and altered vascular reactivity in renal blood flow and perfused hind limb preparation. Weanling male rats (8 weeks old, 180–200 g) were bilaterally orchidectomised or sham operated with or without testosterone replacement (Sustanon 250, 10 mg/kg intramuscularly once in 3 weeks) and placed on a normal (0.3%) or high (4.0%) NaCl diet for 6 weeks. The high‐salt diet (HSD) increased arterial BP, renal vascular resistance (RVR) and positive fluid balance (FB). These changes were accompanied by decreased plasma nitric oxide levels. The increased BP, RVR and FB observed in the rats fed a HSD were reversed by orchidectomy while testosterone replacement prevented the reversal. Phenylephrine (PE)‐induced increased vascular resistance in the perfused hind limb vascular bed was enhanced by HSD, the enhanced vascular resistance was prevented by orchidectomy and testosterone replacement reversed orchidectomy effect. Vasorelaxation responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were impaired in HSD groups, orchidectomy attenuated the impairment, while testosterone replacement prevented the orchidectomy attenuation. These data suggested that eNOS‐dependent and independently‐mediated pathways were equally affected by HSD in vascular function impairment and this effect is testosterone‐dependent in male Sprague‐Dawley rats.
Raman lidar calibration for the DMSP SSM/T-2 microwave water vapor sensor

Campaigns were conducted at the Pacific Missile Range Facility, Barking Sands, Kauai, investigating Raman lidar as a method to improve calibration of the DMSP SSM/T-2 microwave water vapor profiling instrument. Lidar mixing ratios were calibrated against AIR and Vaisala radiosondes and the calibration was tested in the vicinity of clouds. Above 6 km, radiosondes reported anomalously low relative humidity in the vicinity of clouds. Lidar measurements were confirmed by using an electro-optical shutter, which provided correct measurement of relative humidity at cloud bases above 6 km. Radiative transfer calculations applied to the lidar data closely matched signals observed in the SSM/T-2 atmospheric channels. Forward calculations for surface sensitive channels disagreed with SSM/T-2 and SSM/I observations. Fine scale surface roughness and localized orographic drying are tentatively suggested as explanations. Cloud effects were ruled out as a significant source of discrepancy.
Assessing and Mitigating Disclosure Risk with Multiple Record Linkage

This study examines privacy disclosure risks when multiple records in a dataset are associated with the same individual. Existing data privacy approaches typically assume that each individual in a dataset corresponds to a single record, which tends to underestimate the disclosure risks in the multiple-record problems. We propose a novel privacy approach, which uses a measure called g-balance to assess identity disclosure risk and another measure called h-affiliation to assess sensitive value disclosure risk in the multiple-record scenario. We develop an efficient algorithm based on the proposed measures to protect privacy disclosure due to multiple record linkage. An experimental study was conducted using real-world healthcare data with multiple records per person. The results of the experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach is more effective than traditional techniques in protecting privacy and preserving data quality.
Mitochondrial Channels Permeable by Calcium Ions

The aim of this work was to characterize inner mitochondrial membrane channels permeable to calcium cations (Ca++). Mitochondrial membranes isolated from rat heart were incorporated into the bilayer lipid membrane, and single Ca++ channel currents were measured. The observed channels were selective for Ca++ and barium cations (Ba++) (53 and 50 mM) over Tris+ (113 mM), but single-channel currents in most cases were noisy and did not show the typical single-channel shape, as it is known, for example, in the ryanodine receptor or in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3R) Ca++-release channels. The most commonly observed single-channel currents, measured at the 0 mV and 53 mM Ca++ gradient, were in the range of 1 pA or less. The channels responded to pharmacological modulators. Some of the channels were inhibited by ruthenium red and cyclosporin A, and others were modulated by ryanodine. This may indicate that the observed channels passing Ca++ may originate from the mitochondrial Ca++ uniporter, the permeability transition pore, and the ryanodine receptor calcium channel.
Simple expressions of CEP and covariance matrix for localization using LOB measurements for circular trajectory

: In this paper, a passive localization of an emitter using bearing measurements named Brown algorithm is considered. We derived simple and intuitive expressions of the covariance matrix of the estimate and the CEP (Circular Error Probable) when the distances between the emitter and the moving sensor locations are constant. By using the derived explicit expressions, we propose how to get an insight on the dependence of the CEP on the various parameters such as measurement interval and a speed of sensor. From the derived expression, it is quite easy to see how the CEP changes with respect to some parameters. Intuitively, we can see that the CEP value can become very large when the parameters such as a sampling interval and a speed of the moving sensor are around some speciﬁc values. We derive closed-form expressions of the parameter values for the smallest CEP and the very large CEP.