Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Six critical issues in senior secondary drama performance assessment in Australia

Abstract During a study on Drama performance assessment, the many challenges of the assessment environment and assessment conditions became evident, along with the rich benefits and opportunities that performance assessment brings. This paper investigates one senior secondary performance assessment task from each of the six school sites which are aligned to one of the critical issues that emerged as themes in the analysis of data. These critical issues identify performance as fundamental to Drama, establish students’ aspirations when performing, describe students’ motivations for their performance efforts, investigate the capstone nature of Drama performance tasks, evaluate performance as a form of formative assessment, and establish the audience’s role as an influencing factor on the assessment of Drama performances. This paper describes and problematises these critical issues, foreshadowing future areas for research in Drama assessment while allowing for new understandings of Drama performance assessment to be understood in the context of existing research.
Portfolio return using Black-litterman single view model with ARMA-GARCH and Treynor Black model

Establishing an optimal portfolio is a method that can help investors to minimize risk and optimize profits. Some models for optimal portfolio include Black-litterman Model and Treynor Black Model. The Black-litterman Model combines the elements of historical data and views of investors to form a new prediction of the portfolio as the basis for the preparation of weighted asset models. Predicted views in this study using time series ARMA-GARCH. The stock return data mostly have high volatility causing heteroscedasticity problems, so the GARCH model is chosen to overcome the problem. Treynor Black Model is active and passive portfolio. An active portfolio is that investors allocate their investment funds to individual securities in the capital market, while passive portfolios are investors allocating their investment funds to the stock market indices. In this research we will use Treynor-Black Model with active portfolio, so that investors can choose stock according to their allocation of funds. The purpose of this research is to form the weight of Black-litterman model portfolio with a single view investor using ARMA-GARCH and compare the profit result obtained from the formation of portfolio Black-litterman Model and Treynor-Black Model. The selected shares are PT. Bank BCA (BBCA), PT. Gudang Garam (GGRM), and PT. Waskita Karya (WSKT).
VP2 Dominated CD4+ T Cell Responses against Enterovirus 71 and Cross-Reactivity against Coxsackievirus A16 and Polioviruses in a Healthy Population

Enterovirus 71 (EV71)–associated hand-foot-mouth disease has become a major threat to public health in the Asia–Pacific region. Although T cell immunity is closely correlated with clinical outcomes of EV71 infection, little is known about T cell immunity baseline against EV71 and T cell immunogenecity of EV71 Ags in the population, which has restricted our understanding of immunoprotection mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the cellular immune responses against the four structural Ags of EV71 and determined the immunohierarchy of these Ags in healthy adults. A low frequency of EV71-responsive T cells was detected circulating in peripheral blood, and broad T cell immune responses could be identified in most of the subjects after in vitro expansion. We demonstrated that the VP2 Ag with broad distribution of immunogenic peptides dominates T cell responses against EV71 compared with VP1, VP3, and VP4. Furthermore, the responses were illuminated to be mainly single IFN-γ–secreting CD4+ T cell dependent, indicating the previous natural acute viral infection of the adult population. Conservancy analysis of the immunogenic peptides revealed that moderately variant peptides were in the majority in coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) whereas most of the peptides were highly variant in polioviruses. Less efficient cross-reactivity against CV-A16 might broadly exist among individuals, whereas influences derived from poliovirus vaccination would be limited. Our findings suggest that the significance of VP2 Ag should be addressed in the future EV71-responsive immunological investigations. And the findings concerning the less efficient cross-reactivity against CV-A16 and limited influences from poliovirus vaccination in EV71-contacted population would contribute to a better understanding of immunoprotection mechanisms against enteroviruses.
Survival in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based analysis of trends over 40 years.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate trends in and risk factors for mortality among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over a 40-year period. METHODS A population-based inception cohort was assembled from among all Rochester, Minnesota residents ages > or =18 years who were first diagnosed with RA (fulfilling the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria for RA) between January 1, 1955 and December 31, 1994. Patients were followed up longitudinally through their entire medical records (including all inpatient and outpatient care by any provider) until death or migration from the county. Survival was described using the Kaplan-Meier method. Observed and expected survival were compared using the log-rank test, and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) with expected survival were based on the sex and age of the study population and death rates from the Minnesota life tables. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the influence of extraarticular manifestations and comorbidities, controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and rheumatoid factor positivity. RESULTS Survival in this RA cohort was significantly lower than that expected in the population (P < 0.001) over the entire time period. Patients with RA were at significantly higher risk of death, with an SMR of 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.13-1.41). Excess mortality among women was more pronounced than among men, with SMRs of 1.41 and 1.08, respectively. Presence of > or =1 extraarticular manifestation was the strongest predictor of mortality after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, and rheumatoid factor positivity. CONCLUSION Survival in RA patients is significantly lower than expected. The strongest predictors of survival appear to be those related to RA disease complications, specifically, extraarticular manifestations of the disease and comorbidities. More attention should be paid to mortality as an outcome measure in RA.
Genetic causal beliefs about obesity, self-efficacy for weight control, and obesity-related behaviours in a middle-aged female cohort

Objective: Obesity is a heritable condition with well-established risk-reducing behaviours. Studies have shown that beliefs about the causes of obesity are associated with diet and exercise behaviour. Identifying mechanisms linking causal beliefs and behaviours is important for obesity prevention and control. Design: Cross-sectional multi-level regression analyses of self-efficacy for weight control as a possible mediator of obesity attributions (diet, physical activity, genetic) and preventive behaviours in 487 non-Hispanic White women from South King County, Washington. Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported daily fruit and vegetable intake and weekly leisure-time physical activity. Results: Diet causal beliefs were positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake, with self-efficacy for weight control partially accounting for this association. Self-efficacy for weight control also indirectly linked physical activity attributions and physical activity behaviour. Relationships between genetic causal beliefs, self-efficacy for weight control, and obesity-related behaviours differed by obesity status. Self-efficacy for weight control contributed to negative associations between genetic causal attributions and obesity-related behaviours in non-obese, but not obese, women. Conclusion: Self-efficacy is an important construct to include in studies of genetic causal beliefs and behavioural self-regulation. Theoretical and longitudinal work is needed to clarify the causal nature of these relationships and other mediating and moderating factors.
Energy efficient interference-aware resource allocation in LTE-D2D communication

Interference management is an important subject in Device to Device (D2D) communication when underlying a LTE-A cellular band. By default, in LTE-A there is negligible intra-cell interference due to the orthogonality of the subcarriers but this orthogonality will be lost when D2D communication takes place under cellular users (CU). Therefore, one of the key aspects of D2D communication is the set of spectrum bands in which D2D communication takes place. Hence, in this paper we will propose two novel resource allocation (RA) schemes: the first RA scheme (cell level) mitigates the interference between D2D and CU and the second RA scheme (user level or scheduling) schedules the resources in an energy efficient way between D2D and CU. These RA schemes increase the throughput and reduce the overall energy cost per bit of the system. Afterwards, these schemes are compared with the conventional methods and the simulation results show that the proposed schemes obtain higher throughput and save significant amount of energy per bit.
Pisces: A Coastal Ground-wave HF Radar For Current, Wind And Wave Mapping to 200 Km Ranges

PISCES is the outcome of a study of the optimization of HF ground-wave radar technique for mapping waves, currents and sea surface winds to ranges of 100-200kn. Such operation requires frequencies in the 5-15 MHz range. with the capability for operating in this congested communication band. The solution has been to adopt 'frequency modulated interrupted continuous wave' (FMICW) technique. which has the merits of modest peak power and sideband spread with low susceptibjlity to adjacent channel interference. Two such radars (one a transportable production prototype) viewing a sea area from different directions, validated the concept for wave.current and wind measurement in an extended trial.
Norovirus GII.4 Strain Antigenic Variation

ABSTRACT Noroviruses are the principal cause of epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. Multiple reports have concluded that the major capsid proteins of GII.4 strains, which cause 80% of norovirus infections worldwide, are evolving rapidly, resulting in new epidemic strains. Surrogate neutralization assays using sera from outbreaks and from immunized mice suggest that, as with influenza virus, antigenic variation maintains GII.4 persistence in the face of human population herd immunity. To test this hypothesis, mice were hyperimmunized with virus-like particles (VLPs) representing an early (GII.4-1987) and a contemporary (GII.4-2006) GII.4 strain. Anti-GII.4-1987 IgG monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) strongly reacted with GII.4 VLPs derived between only 1987 and 2002. Ligand binding blockade was more efficient with GII.4-1987 and GII.4-1997 VLPs than with GII.4-2002. Anti-GII.4-2006 IgG MAbs recognized either a broad panel of GII.4 VLPs (1987 to 2006) or a subset of contemporary (2004 to 2006) VLPs. Most 2006 antibodies did not recognize or only poorly recognized GII.4 VLPs of 2007 or 2008, documenting rapid antigenic evolution of GII.4 capsids. Generally, 2006 MAbs blocked homotypic VLP-ligand binding but were unable to block VLPs representing strains primarily circulating during or earlier than 2002. These analyses demonstrate that both subtle and significant evolutionary change has occurred within antibody epitopes between epidemic strains, providing direct evidence that the GII.4 noroviruses are undergoing antigenic variation, likely in response to herd immunity. As with influenza virus, HIV, and hepatitis C virus, norovirus antigenic variation will significantly influence the design of efficacious vaccines and immunotherapeutics against these important human pathogens.
Use of Single-Point Genome Signature Tags as a Universal Tagging Method for Microbial Genome Surveys

ABSTRACT We developed single-point genome signature tags (SP-GSTs), a generally applicable, high-throughput sequencing-based method that targets specific genes to generate identifier tags from well-defined points in a genome. The technique yields identifier tags that can distinguish between closely related bacterial strains and allow for the identification of microbial community members. SP-GSTs are determined by three parameters: (i) the primer designed to recognize a conserved gene sequence, (ii) the anchoring enzyme recognition sequence, and (iii) the type IIS restriction enzyme which defines the tag length. We evaluated the SP-GST method in silico for bacterial identification using the genes rpoC, uvrB, and recA and the 16S rRNA gene. The best distinguishing tags were obtained with the restriction enzyme Csp6I upstream of the 16S rRNA gene, which discriminated all organisms in our data set to at least the genus level and most organisms to the species level. The method was successfully used to generate Csp6I-based tags upstream of the 16S rRNA gene and allowed us to discriminate between closely related strains of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis. This concept was further used successfully to identify the individual members of a defined microbial community.
Reliable EMF-Sensor-Fusion-Based Antilock Braking System for BLDC Motor In-Wheel Electric Vehicles

The design of current in-wheel electric vehicles (EVs) is predominantly based on using brushless dc (BLDC) motors as the propulsion system of the vehicle. The in-wheel design requires the juxtaposition of several powerful electromagnetic components that generate significant amount of electrical disturbances at each vehicle wheel and subsequently demands robustness to externally induced faults for its associated antilock braking system (ABS). In this paper, a sensor-fusion-based wheel speed measurement system is proposed for ABS in brushless in-wheel EVs. The objective is to exploit readily available back electromotive force (EMF) signals of the BLDC motor of an in-wheel hub as speed sensors (referred to as EMF-sensors in this paper) to improve the reliability of the associated ABS. The proposed methodology is based on fusion of wheel speed estimates acquired from the ABS sensor with their counterparts acquired from the EMF-sensors using a variety of fusion operators such as exponential class of ordered weighted averaging. The proposed design was extensively tested using actual ABS hardware and motors. Our experimental results showed that the wheel speed measurement accuracy of the proposed system is up to 70 higher compared to that of conventional vehicles. In addition, the proposed method is robust to ABS sensor failures such as a short-circuit fault. The method was also compared with brushed dc motor in-wheel EVs and experimental results showed significant improvements in accuracy and robustness.
Pediatric Development of Glucuronidation: The Ontogeny of Hepatic UGT1A4

This article reports on the development of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme activity in pediatric livers. The substrates 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) and trifluoperazine (TFP) were used as probes for general glucuronidation and specific UGT1A4 activity, respectively. The activity of hepatic β-glucuronidase enzymes was also determined so as to investigate the balance between glucuronide clearance and systemic recirculation. UGT activity toward 4MU reached maximum levels by 20 months of age, whereas the activity of β-glucuronidase was highest in the neonatal liver and decreased to steady-state adult levels by 4 months. The average Vmax and Km values for UGT1A4 in pediatric samples were 151.9 ± 63.5 pmol/min/mg protein and 14.4 ± 9.6 μM, respectively. Average Vmax was understandably low because of developmental dynamics, but Km was similar to values reported elsewhere. When a constant rate of enzyme development is assumed, maximum activity of UGT1A4 occurs at 1.4 years of age. When the intrinsic hepatic clearance of TFP was scaled with an allometric model, hepatic clearance of TFP by UGT1A4 did not reach maximum levels until 18.9 years of age and scaled results underestimated reported in vivo clearances in adult males. No significant differences in UGT activities or hepatic clearance were observed with gender or ethnicity. The developmental dynamics of most drug-metabolizing enzymes are unknown, and this article contains, to our knowledge, the first description of the development of a single UGT isoform in childhood. Ultimately, work such as this is important for predicting drug responses and for developing and evaluating new medications in children.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy for coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES To use a population management strategy to increase the proportion of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes receiving target-dose angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy and to assess the safety and tolerability of this initiative. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort. METHODS Patients were eligible for enrollment if they were not receiving target-dose ACE inhibitor therapy. Clinical pharmacy specialists were responsible for initiation, titration, and appropriate follow-up of ACE inhibitor therapy. RESULTS A total of 453 subjects were enrolled. Their mean age was 67.9 years and 77% were male. At baseline, 30.9% (n = 140) of eligible patients were on no ACE inhibitor therapy and no patients were at the target dose. The mean systolic blood pressure, serum creatinine, and serum potassium values were 128.0 mm Hg, 1.0 mg/dL, and 4.4 mEq/dL, respectively. At follow-up, 8.2% (n = 37; P < .001) were on no ACE inhibitor therapy and 68.7% (n = 311; P < .001) of patients had achieved the target dose. From baseline to follow-up, mean systolic blood pressure decreased 4.4 mm Hg (P < .001). Changes in serum potassium or creatinine were not clinically significant. Of the 142 subjects unable to achieve the target dose, 31 experienced hypotension, 29 did not have the dose increased because of the potential for hypotension, and 23 experienced cough. CONCLUSION A population management approach to increasing the proportion of patients with CAD and diabetes who receive target-dose ACE inhibitor therapy was effective and safe.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Expression and Signaling in Human, Mouse, and Rat Leukocytes: Evidence for Replacement of the Short Cytoplasmic Domain Isoform by Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Linked Proteins in Human Leukocytes1

Carcinoembryonic Ag-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), the primordial carcinoembryonic Ag gene family member, is a transmembrane cell adhesion molecule expressed in leukocytes, epithelia, and blood vessel endothelia in humans and rodents. As a result of differential splicing, CEACAM1 occurs as several isoforms, the two major ones being CEACAM1-L and CEACAM1-S, that have long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domains, respectively. The L:S expression ratios vary in different cells and tissues. In addition to CEACAM1, human but not rodent cells express GPI-linked CEACAM members (CEACAM5–CEACAM8). We compared the expression patterns of CEACAM1-L, CEACAM1-S, CEACAM6, and CEACAM8 in purified populations of neutrophilic granulocytes, B lymphocytes, and T lymphocytes from rats, mice, and humans. Human granulocytes expressed CEACAM1, CEACAM6, and CEACAM8, whereas human B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes expressed only CEACAM1 and CEACAM6. Whereas granulocytes, B cells, and T cells from mice and rats expressed both CEACAM1-L and CEACAM1-S in ratios of 2.2–2.9:1, CEACAM1-S expression was totally lacking in human granulocytes, B cells, and T cells. Human leukocytes only expressed the L isoforms of CEACAM1. This suggests that the GPI-linked CEACAM members have functionally replaced CEACAM1-S in human leukocytes. Support for the replacement hypothesis was obtained from experiments in which the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk)1/2 were activated by anti-CEACAM Abs. Thus, Abs against CEACAM1 activated Erk1/2 in rat granulocytes, but not in human granulocytes. Erk1/2 in human granulocytes could, however, be activated by Abs against CEACAM8. We demonstrated that CEACAM1 and CEACAM8 are physically associated in human granulocytes. The CEACAM1/CEACAM8 complex in human cells might accordingly play a similar role as CEACAM1-L/CEACAM1-S dimers known to occur in rat cells.
Housing decision-making process explained by third agers, Finland: ‘we didn’t want this, but we chose it’

Abstract This paper investigates housing decision-making processes, using ‘third agers’ as a target group. Third agers offer individual and household level explanations to scrutinize the decision-making process in detail, explaining individual processes and negotiations. A cross-sectional qualitative study combining data from three projects, conducted in Helsinki Region, Finland, indicates that the triggers for moving affect the ways preferences are selected and formed as choice criteria. The interview-based data explains negotiations and other forms of information processing throughout the choice process, ending with unexpected choice outcomes. Despite the focus groups’ relative wide-ranging freedom of choice, residents constantly adjust their preferences as choice criteria throughout the decision-making process. Afterwards, coping strategies are adopted to reconcile eventual discrepancies. The paper indicates that the reasons for dissatisfaction are not communicated to the developers or the architects. The results suggest that the residents are not operating as prosumers with influence on housing design and production.
Why review articles on the health effects of passive smoking reach different conclusions.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the conclusions of review articles on the health effects of passive smoking are associated with article quality, the affiliations of their authors, or other article characteristics. DATA SOURCES Review articles published from 1980 to 1995 were identified through electronic searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE and from a database of symposium proceedings on passive smoking. ARTICLE SELECTION An article was included if its stated or implied purpose was to review the scientific evidence that passive smoking is associated with 1 or more health outcomes. Articles were excluded if they did not focus specifically on the health effects of passive smoking or if they were not written in English. DATA EXTRACTION Review article quality was evaluated by 2 independent assessors who were trained, followed a written protocol, had no disclosed conflicts of interest, and were blinded to all study hypotheses and identifying characteristics of articles. Article conclusions were categorized by the 2 assessors and by one of the authors. Author affiliation was classified as either tobacco industry affiliated or not, based on whether the authors were known to have received funding from or participated in activities sponsored by the tobacco industry. Other article characteristics were classified by one of the authors using predefined criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 106 reviews were identified. Overall, 37% (39/106) of reviews concluded that passive smoking is not harmful to health; 74% (29/39) of these were written by authors with tobacco industry affiliations. In multiple logistic regression analyses controlling for article quality, peer review status, article topic, and year of publication, the only factor associated with concluding that passive smoking is not harmful was whether an author was affiliated with the tobacco industry (odds ratio, 88.4; 95% confidence interval, 16.4-476.5; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The conclusions of review articles are strongly associated with the affiliations of their authors. Authors of review articles should disclose potential financial conflicts of interest, and readers of review articles should consider authors' affiliations when deciding how to judge an article's conclusions.