Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An ( m , k ) -Firm Real-Time Aware Fault-Tolerant Mechanism in Wireless Sensor Networks

Many real-time routing mechanisms have been proposed to support the newly developed wireless sensor networks (WSNs) applications such as the transmission and retrieval of multimedia traffic. However, the inherent source constraints of sensor network and instability of wireless communication set quite a problem for the existing routing mechanisms to meet the quality of service (QoS) requirements of some specific QoS-aware applications. Hence, real-time fault-tolerant schemes are highly desired for WSNs to address these challenges. In this paper, we propose an ( m , k ) -firm-based real-time fault-tolerant mechanism, which helps routing mechanisms to achieve specific QoS requirement by employing a local status indicator (LSI) at each sensor node to monitor and evaluate the local conditions of node and network. Therefore, specific fault recovery mechanisms could be implemented for ensuring an acceptable QoS performance, according to the evaluated LSI values. By using this fault-tolerant scheme, each node dynamically adjusts its transmission capability to mitigate the performance degradation of real-time service caused by network faults and to maintain the desired reliability and timeliness. Simulation result shows that LSI cannot only help to reduce the effects of congestion, link failure, and void, but also reach higher successful transmission ratio and smaller transmission delay.
Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group 7-2015 Theoretical Modeling and Analysis of Land P-band Radar Backscatter Sensitivity to Soil Active Layer Dielectric Variations

Freeze-thaw (FT) and moisture dynamics within the soil active layer are critical elements of boreal, arctic and alpine ecosystems, and environmental change assessments. We evaluated the potential for detecting dielectric changes within different soil layers using combined Land P-band radar remote sensing as a prerequisite for detecting FT and moisture profile changes within the soil active layer. A two-layer scattering model was developed and validated for simulating radar responses from vertically inhomogeneous soil. The model simulations indicated that inhomogeneity in the soil dielectric profile contributes to both Land P-band backscatter, but with greater P-band sensitivity at depth. The difference in Land P-band responses to soil dielectric profile inhomogeneity appears suitable for detecting associated changes in soil active layer conditions. Additional evaluation using collocated airborne radar (AIRSAR) observations and in situ soil moisture measurements over alpine tundra indicates that combined Land P-band SAR observations are sensitive to soil dielectric profile heterogeneity associated with variations in soil moisture and FT conditions.
Joint attention in the first year: Thecoordination of gaze and affect between 7 and10 months of age

We used a multilevel growth model to describe the developmental trajectories of infant’s coordinated attention between people and objects between 7 and 10 months of age. Additionally, we assed whether the coordinated attention looks were accompanied by smiles as infants interacted social partners. These results confirm the emergence of visual joint attention skills before the end of the first year. These results will be useful in the construction of robotic systems that engage in joint attention.
Assessment of patients treated for intracapsular fractures of the mandibular condyle by closed techniques.

PURPOSE The goals to study different lines of intracapsular fractures of the mandibular condyle and to evaluate their influence on the prognosis after closed treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical, radiologic, and axiographic follow-up of 40 patients with 50 intracapsular fractures of the mandibular condyle was carried out after closed treatment. The examinations were performed an average of 22 weeks after treatment. Three types of intracapsular fractures were distinguished: type A, or fractures through the medial condylar pole; type B, or fractures through the lateral condylar pole with loss of vertical height of mandibular ramus, and type M, multiple fragments, comminuted fractures. RESULTS Moderate to serious dysfunction was observed in 33% of the cases. Radiologic examination of fracture types B and M revealed a reduction in the height of the mandibular ramus of up to 13% compared with the contralateral side. These 2 fracture types also resulted in the most prominent deformations of the condylar head. Axiography revealed irregular excursions and a limitation of condylar movement in comminuted fractures of up to 74% compared with the nonfractured side. CONCLUSION Lesions to the osseodiscoligamentous complex of the temporomandibular joint caused by intracapsular fractures of the mandibular condyle can be severe. The poor functional and radiologic results encountered in the fracture types B and M showed the limitations of closed functional treatment.
A novel orally available Syk/Src/Jak2 inhibitor, SKLB-850, showed potent anti-tumor activities in B cell lymphoma (BCL) models

B cell lymphoma (BCL) is the most frequently diagnosed type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and accounts for about 4% of all cancers in the USA. Kinases spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), Src, and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) have been thought as potential targets for the treatment of BCL. We have recently developed a multikinase inhibitor, SKLB-850, which potently inhibits Syk, Src, and JAK2. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-BCL activities and mechanisms of action of SKLB-850 both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that SKLB-850 significantly inhibited BCL cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis of BCL cells. It could considerably decrease the secretion of chemokines CCL3, CCL4, and CXCL12. Oral administration of SKLB-850 considerably suppressed the tumor growth in BCL xenograft models (Ramos and HBL-1) in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemistry of tumor tissues showed that SKLB-850 efficiently inhibited the activation of Syk/ERK, Src/FAK and JAK2/Stat3 pathways. Collectively, SKLB-850 could be a promising agent for the treatment of BCL, hence deserving further study.
Robustness of Bayesian Pool-Based Active Learning Against Prior Misspecification

We study the robustness of active learning (AL) algorithms against prior misspecification: whether an algorithm achieves similar performance using a perturbed prior as compared to using the true prior. In both the average and worst cases of the maximum coverage setting, we prove that all alpha-approximate algorithms are robust (i.e., near alpha-approximate) if the utility is Lipschitz continuous in the prior. We further show that robustness may not be achieved if the utility is non-Lipschitz. This suggests we should use a Lipschitz utility for AL if robustness is required. For the minimum cost setting, we can also obtain a robustness result for approximate AL algorithms. Our results imply that many commonly used AL algorithms are robust against perturbed priors. We then propose the use of a mixture prior to alleviate the problem of prior misspecification. We analyze the robustness of the uniform mixture prior and show experimentally that it performs reasonably well in practice.
Snatch: Opportunistically reassigning power allocation between processor and memory in 3D stacks

The pin count largely determines the cost of a chip package, which is often comparable to the cost of a die. In 3D processor-memory designs, power and ground (P/G) pins can account for the majority of the pins. This is because packages include separate pins for the disjoint processor and memory power delivery networks (PDNs). Supporting separate PDNs and P/G pins for processor and memory is inefficient, as each set has to be provisioned for the worst-case power delivery requirements. In this paper, we propose to reduce the number of P/G pins of both processor and memory in a 3D design, and dynamically and opportunistically divert some power between the two PDNs on demand. To perform the power transfer, we use a small bidirectional on-chip voltage regulator that connects the two PDNs. Our concept, called Snatch, is effective. It allows the computer to execute code sections with high processor or memory power requirements without having to throttle performance. We evaluate Snatch with simulations of an 8-core multicore stacked with two memory dies. In a set of compute-intensive codes, the processor snatches memory power for 30% of the time on average, speeding-up the codes by up to 23% over advanced turbo-boosting; in memory-intensive codes, the memory snatches processor power. Alternatively, Snatch can reduce the package cost by about 30%.
Low Complexity Target Coverage Heuristics Using Mobile Cameras

Wireless sensor and actuator networks have been extensively deployed for enhancing industrial control processes and supply-chains, and many forms of surveillance and environmental monitoring. The availability of low-cost mobile robots equipped with a variety of sensors in addition to communication and computational capabilities makes them particularly promising in target coverage tasks for ad hoc surveillance, where quick, low-cost or non-lasting visual sensing solutions are required, e.g. in border protection and disaster recovery. In this paper, we consider the problem of low complexity placement and orientation of mobile cameras to cover arbitrary targets. We tackle this problem by clustering proximal targets, while calculating/estimating the camera location/direction for each cluster separately through our cover-set coverage method. Our proposed solutions provide extremely computationally efficient heuristics with only a small increase in number of cameras used, and a small decrease in number of covered targets.
Stability of right visual field advantage in an international lateralized lexical decision task irrespective of participants’ sex, handedness or bilingualism

ABSTRACT In lateralized lexical decision tasks (LDTs), accuracy is higher and reaction times (RTs) are faster for right visual field (RVF) than left visual field (LVF) presentations. Visual field differences are thought to demonstrate the left hemisphere's (LH) dominance for language. The use of different tasks and words between studies and languages make direct comparisons difficult. We performed a lateralized LDT for which we selected four to six letter words that are used in three languages of Switzerland (French, German, and Italian) and English and Dutch. We accounted for the potential moderating roles of sex, handedness and multilingualism (early acquisition versus late acquisition of at least one second language). One hundred participants were tested at a French-speaking University in Switzerland. All performed a French vocabulary knowledge task [Brysbaert (2013). Lextale_FR a fast, free, and efficient test to measure language proficiency in French. Psychologica Belgica, 53(1), 23–27. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle. net/1854/LU-4373981]. Results showed a RVF over LVF advantage (accuracy, RTs and signal detection theory measures) for all groups, that is, irrespective of participants’ sex, handedness and how many languages they spoke. We observed, however, that enhanced vocabulary knowledge related to a right hemisphere shift in early bilinguals and a LH shift in late bilinguals. We discuss how the current observations can inform future studies suitable for the validation of the current task using an “international” vocabulary.
Terahertz imaging of biological tissue using a chirped probe pulse

There is increasing interest among research groups around the world in the terahertz portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. T-ray systems, driven by ultrafast THz pulses, offer a number of unique advantages over other techniques and are under investigation for a wide range of applications. Biomedical diagnostics is an area of particular emphasis. The sub-millimetre spectroscopic measurements obtained from T-ray systems contain a wealth of information about the sample under test. A number of hurdles, however, hinder the application of T-ray technology. One of the major hurdles to be overcome is the slow acquisition speed of modern THz systems. The chirped probe pulse technique offers a significant improvement in this context. We present results demonstrating the terahertz responses of biological samples measured using a chirped probe pulse, and discuss the problem of data processing and extracting sample characteristics. We show that different types of tissue can be classified based on their terahertz response measured with the chirped probe pulse technique. We consider chicken and beef samples and differentiate between bone and normal tissue. We demonstrate the performance of linear filter models for feature extraction and show that these models are significantly more accurate than a number of intuitive features.
Alternative CUG codon usage (Ser for Leu) in Pichia farinosa and the effect of a mutated killer gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The halotolerant yeast Pichia farinosa KK1 strain produces a killer toxin termed SMKT (salt-mediated killer toxin). Mass spectrometry and Edman sequencing of peptides from the mature SMKT and secreted protoxin demonstrate that positions specified by the CUG codon contain unmodified serine (Ser) in P.farinosa. In order to express the authentic SMK1 product in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which uses the universal genetic code, the three CUG codons corresponding to Ser87, Ser137 and Ser206 in the SMK1 gene were changed to universal Ser codons by site-directed mutagenesis. The expression of the modified SMK1 gene with universal Ser codons was lethal in S.cerevisiae, as well as that of the unmodified SMK1 gene with the CUG codons. The secretion of protoxin with the authentic amino acid sequence from the modified SMK1 was significantly increased, whereas the transcription level of SMK1 was not affected in the presence or absence of CUG codon. Our results provide the first in vivo evidence that non-universal decoding of CUG is used in a hemiascomycetous yeast, P.farinosa.
Evaluating the Performance of the Students in the Technical Education through Data Mining Technique

-In order to understand how and why data mining works, it’s important to understand a few fundamental concepts. First, data mining relies on four essential methods: Classification, categorization, estimation, and visualization. Classification identifies associations and clusters, and separates subject under study. Categorization uses rule induction algorithms to handle categorical outcomes, such as “persist” or “dropout,” and “transfer” or “stay”. Visualization uses interactive graphs to demonstrate mathematically induced rules and scores, and is far more sophisticated than pie or bar charts. Visualization is used primarily to depict three-dimensional geographic locations of mathematical coordinates. Higher education institutions can use classification, for a comprehensive analysis of student characteristics, or use estimation to predict the likelihood of a variety of outcomes, such as transferability, persistence, retention, and course success. In this paper we have evaluated about the performance of the students through their scores obtained in different years as well as their dropout percentage of each year.
Environmental Health: a Global Access Science Source Cyanobacterial Lipopolysaccharides and Human Health – a Review

Cyanobacterial lipopolysaccharide/s (LPS) are frequently cited in the cyanobacteria literature as toxins responsible for a variety of heath effects in humans, from skin rashes to gastrointestinal, respiratory and allergic reactions. The attribution of toxic properties to cyanobacterial LPS dates from the 1970s, when it was thought that lipid A, the toxic moiety of LPS, was structurally and functionally conserved across all Gram-negative bacteria. However, more recent research has shown that this is not the case, and lipid A structures are now known to be very different, expressing properties ranging from LPS agonists, through weak endotoxicity to LPS antagonists. Although cyanobacterial LPS is widely cited as a putative toxin, most of the small number of formal research reports describe cyanobacterial LPS as weakly toxic compared to LPS from the Enterobacteriaceae. We systematically reviewed the literature on cyanobacterial LPS, and also examined the much lager body of literature relating to heterotrophic bacterial LPS and the atypical lipid A structures of some photosynthetic bacteria. While the literature on the biological activity of heterotrophic bacterial LPS is overwhelmingly large and therefore difficult to review for the purposes of exclusion, we were unable to find a convincing body of evidence to suggest that heterotrophic bacterial LPS, in the absence of other virulence factors, is responsible for acute gastrointestinal, dermatological or allergic reactions via natural exposure routes in humans. There is a danger that initial speculation about cyanobacterial LPS may evolve into orthodoxy without basis in research findings. No cyanobacterial lipid A structures have been described and published to date, so a recommendation is made that cyanobacteriologists should not continue to attribute such a diverse range of clinical symptoms to cyanobacterial LPS without research confirmation.
A New Analytical Method for Robust Extraction of the Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit for SiGe HBTs Operating at Cryogenic Temperatures

We present a new analytical direct parameter-extraction methodology for obtaining the small-signal equivalent circuit of HBTs. It is applied to cryogenically operated SiGe HBTs as a means to allow circuit design of SiGe HBT low-noise amplifiers for cooled radio astronomy applications. We split the transistor into an intrinsic transistor (IT) piece modeled as a Pi-topology, and the quasi-intrinsic transistor (QIT), obtained from the IT after that the base resistance (Rb) has been removed. The relations between Z-Y-parameters of the IT and QIT are then established, allowing us to propose a new methodology for determining Rb. The present extraction method differs from previous studies in that each of the model elements are obtained from exact equations that do not require any approximations, numerical optimization, or post-processing. The validity of this new extraction methodology is demonstrated by applying it to third-generation SiGe HBTs operating at liquid-nitrogen temperature (77 K) across the frequency range of 2-22 GHz.
Effect of rAd5-Vector HIV-1 Preventive Vaccines on HIV-1 Acquisition: A Participant-Level Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

Background Three phase 2b, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized efficacy trials have tested recombinant Adenovirus serotype-5 (rAd5)-vector preventive HIV-1 vaccines: MRKAd5 HIV-1 gag/pol/nef in Step and Phambili, and DNA/rAd5 HIV-1 env/gag/pol in HVTN505. Due to efficacy futility observed at the first interim analysis in Step and HVTN505, participants of all three studies were unblinded to their vaccination assignments during the study but continued follow–up. Rigorous meta-analysis can provide crucial information to advise the future utility of rAd5-vector vaccines. Methods We included participant-level data from all three efficacy trials, and three Phase 1–2 trials evaluating the HVTN505 vaccine regimen. We predefined two co-primary analysis cohorts for assessing the vaccine effect on HIV-1 acquisition. The modified-intention-to-treat (MITT) cohort included all randomly assigned participants HIV-1 uninfected at study entry, who received at least the first vaccine/placebo, and the Ad5 cohort included MITT participants who received at least one dose of rAd5-HIV vaccine or rAd5-placebo. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of HIV-1 infection (vaccine vs. placebo) and evaluate HR variation across vaccine regimens, time since vaccination, and subgroups using interaction tests. Findings Results are similar for the MITT and Ad5 cohorts; we summarize MITT cohort results. Pooled across the efficacy trials, over all follow-up time 403 (n = 224 vaccine; n = 179 placebo) of 6266 MITT participants acquired HIV-1, with a non-significantly higher incidence in vaccine recipients (HR 1.21, 95% CI 0.99–1.48, P = 0.06). The HRs significantly differed by vaccine regimen (interaction P = 0.03; MRKAd5 HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.11–1.78, P = 0.005 vs. DNA/rAd5 HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.61–1.26, P = 0.48). Results were similar when including the Phase 1–2 trials. Exploratory analyses based on the efficacy trials supported that the MRKAd5 vaccine-increased risk was concentrated in Ad5-positive or uncircumcised men early in follow-up, and in Ad5-negative or circumcised men later. Overall, MRKAd5 vaccine-increased risk was evident across subgroups except in circumcised Ad5-negative men (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.58−1.63, P = 0.91); there was little evidence that the DNA/rAd5 vaccine, that was tested in this subgroup, increased risk (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.61–1.26, P = 0.48). When restricting the analysis of Step and Phambili to follow-up time before unblinding, 114 (n = 65 vaccine; n = 49 placebo) of 3770 MITT participants acquired HIV-1, with a non-significantly higher incidence in MRKAd5 vaccine recipients (HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.89–1.14, P = 0.18). Interpretation and Significance The data support increased risk of HIV-1 infection by MRKAd5 over all follow-up time, but do not support increased risk of HIV-1 infection by DNA/rAd5. This study provides a rationale for including monitoring plans enabling detection of increased susceptibility to infection in HIV-1 at-risk populations.
How to reduce sitting time? A review of behaviour change strategies used in sedentary behaviour reduction interventions among adults

Sedentary behaviour – i.e., low energy-expending waking behaviour while seated or lying down – is a health risk factor, even when controlling for physical activity. This review sought to describe the behaviour change strategies used within interventions that have sought to reduce sedentary behaviour in adults. Studies were identified through existing literature reviews, a systematic database search, and hand-searches of eligible papers. Interventions were categorised as ‘very promising’, ‘quite promising’, or ‘non-promising’ according to observed behaviour changes. Intervention functions and behaviour change techniques were compared across promising and non-promising interventions. Twenty-six eligible studies reported thirty-eight interventions, of which twenty (53%) were worksite-based. Fifteen interventions (39%) were very promising, eight quite promising (21%), and fifteen non-promising (39%). Very or quite promising interventions tended to have targeted sedentary behaviour instead of physical activity. Interventions based on environmental restructuring, persuasion, or education were most promising. Self-monitoring, problem solving, and restructuring the social or physical environment were particularly promising behaviour change techniques. Future sedentary reduction interventions might most fruitfully incorporate environmental modification and self-regulatory skills training. The evidence base is, however, weakened by low-quality evaluation methods; more RCTs, employing no-treatment control groups, and collecting objective data are needed.