Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of optimum diversity combining and decision feedback equalization in dispersive Rayleigh fading

This paper presents a simplified derivation of the structure and performance of the optimum diversity combiner/decision feedback equalizers, previously derived by Balaban and Salz (1992). Our analysis is based on fundamental results of linear prediction and estimation theory. New closed-form expressions that benchmark the performance of these receivers in a two-beam slowly Rayleigh fading channel having equal and unequal mean strength paths are provided. The results give insight into the benefits of utilizing space diversity and decision feedback equalization in a frequency-selective fading environment.
Learning conditional Gaussian networks

This paper considers conditional Gaussian networks. The parameters in the network are learned by using conjugate Bayesian analysis. As conjugate local priors, we apply the Dirichlet distribution for discrete variables and the Gaussian-inverse gamma distribution for continuous variables, given a configuration of the discrete parents. We assume parameter independence and complete data. Further, to learn the structure of the network, the network score is deduced. We then develop a local master prior procedure, for deriving parameter priors in these networks. This procedure satisfies parameter independence, parameter modularity and likelihood equivalence. Bayes factors to be used in model search are introduced. Finally the methods derived are illustrated by a simple example.
Effect of caffeine and reduced temperature (20 degrees C) on the organization of the pre-Golgi and the Golgi stack membranes

In the present study we have dissected the transport pathways between the ER and the Golgi complex using a recently introduced (Kuismanen, E., J. Jantti, V. Makiranta, and M. Sariola. 1992. J. Cell Sci. 102:505- 513) inhibition of transport by caffeine at 20 degrees C. Recovery of the Golgi complex from brefeldin A (BFA) treatment was inhibited by caffeine at reduced temperature (20 degrees C) suggesting that caffeine inhibits the membrane traffic between the ER and the Golgi complex. Caffeine at 20 degrees C did not inhibit the BFA-induced retrograde movement of the Golgi membranes. Further, incubation of the cells in 10 mM caffeine at 20 degrees C had profound effects on the distribution and the organization of the pre-Golgi and the Golgi stack membranes. Caffeine treatment at 20 degrees C resulted in a selective and reversible translocation of the pre- and cis-Golgi marker protein (p58) to the periphery of the cell. This caffeine-induced effect on the Golgi complex was different from that induced by BFA, since mannosidase II, a Golgi stack marker, remained perinuclearly located and the Golgi stack coat protein, beta-COP, was not detached from Golgi membranes in the presence of 10 mM caffeine at 20 degrees C. Electron microscopic analysis showed that, in the presence of caffeine at 20 degrees C, the morphology of the Golgi stack was altered and accumulation of numerous small vesicles in the Golgi region was observed. The results in the present study suggest that caffeine at reduced temperature (20 degrees C) reveals a functional interface between the pre-Golgi and the Golgi stack.
Thermal Optimization in Network-on-Chip-Based 3D Chip Multiprocessors Using Dynamic Programming Networks

The substantial silicon density in 3D VLSI, albeit its numerous advantages, introduces serious thermal threats that would lead to faults and system failures. This article introduces a new strategy to effectively diffuse heat from NoC-based 3D CMPs. Runtime Dynamic Programming Network (DPN) is proposed to optimize routing directions and provide silicon temperature moderation. Both on-chip reliability and computational performance have been improved by 63% and 27%, respectively, with the DPN approach. This work enables a new avenue to explore the adaptability for future large-scale 3D integration.
Modulation of Phagosomal pH by Candida albicans Promotes Hyphal Morphogenesis and Requires Stp2p, a Regulator of Amino Acid Transport

Candida albicans, the most important fungal pathogen of humans, has a unique interaction with macrophages in which phagocytosis induces a switch from the yeast to hyphal form, allowing it to escape by rupturing the immune cell. While a variety of factors induce this switch in vitro, including neutral pH, it is not clear what triggers morphogenesis within the macrophage where the acidic environment should inhibit this transition. In vitro, C. albicans grown in similar conditions in which amino acids are the primary carbon source generate large quantities of ammonia to raise the extracellular pH and induce the hyphal switch. We show here that C. albicans cells neutralize the macrophage phagosome and that neutral pH is a key inducer of germination in phagocytosed cells by using a mutant lacking STP2, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple amino acid permeases, that is completely deficient in alkalinization in vitro. Phagocytosed stp2Δ mutant cells showed significant reduction in hypha formation and escaped from macrophages less readily compared to wild type cells; as a result stp2Δ mutant cells were killed at a higher rate and caused less damage to RAW264.7 macrophages. Stp2p-regulated import leads to alkalinization of the phagosome, since the majority of the wild type cells fail to co-localize with acidophilic dyes, whereas the stp2Δ mutant cells were located in acidic phagosomes. Furthermore, stp2Δ mutant cells were able to form hyphae and escape from neutral phagosomes, indicating that the survival defect in these cells was pH dependent. Finally, these defects are reflected in an attenuation of virulence in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis. Altogether our results suggest that C. albicans utilizes amino acids to promote neutralization of the phagosomal pH, hyphal morphogenesis, and escape from macrophages.
Knowledge Versus Beliefs: How Knowledge and Beliefs Mediate The Influence of Likeminded Media use on Political Polarization and Participation

Using cross-sectional data from the 2008 National Annenberg Election Survey, this study tests 2 models that explicate the relationship between politically likeminded media use and political polarization and participation. The knowledge model suggests that the effects of exposure to likeminded media on individuals’ attitudinal polarization and political participation are mediated by knowledge of candidate issue stances. The belief model proposes that likeminded media use indirectly influences political polarization and participation via political beliefs. The results provide evidence that individuals’ beliefs mediate the influence of likeminded media consumption on attitudinal polarization and participation, but there was no support for the knowledge model. These findings indicate that individuals who consume politically likeminded news tend to develop polarized attitudes and are motivated to participate in political activities by forming biased beliefs associated with candidates rather than by gaining factual issue knowledge.
Patterns of phytoplankton size structure and productivity in contrasting open-ocean environments

A total of 94 vertical profiles of size-fractionated chlorophyll a concentration and primary production rate were obtained along a meridional transect from the United Kingdom to the Falkland Islands (50° N to 50° S) during 4 cruises carried out in April and October 1996 and in April and October 1997. This data set allowed us to characterize the patterns of phytoplankton size-structure and pro- ductivity in temperate, oligotrophic, upwelling and equatorial regions. On average, picophytoplank- ton (0.2 to 2 µm) accounted for 56 and 71% of the total integrated carbon (C) fixation and autotrophic biomass, respectively. Enhanced biomass and productivity contributions by nano- and microplankton took place in the temperate regions and in the upwelling area off Mauritania. Small ( 2 µm) phytoplankton accounted for a proportion of total biomass that was similar to their shares of productivity. In the oligotrophic and equatorial regions, in contrast, large phytoplankton tended to account for a fraction of the total pro- duction that was significantly higher than their share of the biomass. We found that the equatorial upwelling causes an increase in phytoplankton biomass and productivity without altering the typical size structure found in less productive regions such as the subtropical gyres. In the oligotrophic ocean, significant changes in C fixation rates take place without accompanying variations in the magnitude of the phytoplankton standing stocks or the size structure of the microbial community.
The cim 22 Grammar v 0 . 2 Package

This document intends to help the reader using the cim22Grammar package regarding both implementation issues and theoretical concepts. Background information is provided in sections 2 and 3 of this text. Section 2 provides an introduction to the Common Information Model (CIM) specification, and section 3 makes an overview of the ANother Tool for Language Recognition (ANTLR) fundamentals. The present version (0.2) of this package is composed by a main file—cim22.java—, a grammar file—cim22Grammar.g—, and some MS-DOS batch files. These files are described in section 4 and support the automation of some procedures, e.g. source files compilation and CIM Schema version 2.6 parsing execution.
Helmet: A resistance drift resilient architecture for multi-level cell phase change memory system

Phase change memory (PCM) is emerging as a promising solution for future memory systems and disk caches. As a type of resistive memory, PCM relies on the electrical resistance of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) to represent stored information. With the adoption of multi-level programming PCM devices, unwanted resistance drift is becoming an increasing reliability concern in future high-density, multi-level cell PCM systems. To address this issue without incurring a significant storage and performance overhead in ECC, conventional design employs a conservative approach, which increases the resistance margin between two adjacent states to combat resistance drift. In this paper, we show that the wider margin adversely impacts the low-power benefit of PCM by incurring up to 2.3X power overhead and causes up to 100X lifetime reduction, thereby exacerbating the wear-out issue. To tolerate resistance drift, we proposed Helmet, a multi-level cell phase change memory architecture that can cost-effectively reduce the readout error rate due to drift. Therefore, we can relax the requirement on margin size, while preserving the readout reliability of the conservative approach, and consequently minimize the power and endurance overhead due to drift. Simulation results show that our techniques are able to decrease the error rate by an average of 87%. Alternatively, for satisfying the same reliability target, our schemes can achieve 28% power savings and a 15X endurance enhancement due to the reduced margin size when compared to the conservative approach.
Integrability and transcendentality

We derive the two-loop Bethe ansatz for the twist operator sector of gauge theory directly from the field theory. We then analyse a recently proposed perturbative asymptotic all-loop Bethe ansatz in the limit of large spacetime spin at large but finite twist, and find a novel all-loop scaling function. This function obeys the Kotikov–Lipatov transcendentality principle and does not depend on the twist. Under the assumption that one may extrapolate back to leading twist, our result yields an all-loop prediction for the large spin anomalous dimensions of twist 2 operators. The latter also appears as an undetermined function in a recent conjecture of Bern, Dixon and Smirnov for the all-loop structure of the maximally helicity violating n-point gluon amplitudes of gauge theory. This potentially establishes a direct link between the worldsheet and the spacetime S matrix approach. A further assumption for the validity of our prediction is that perturbative BMN (Berenstein–Maldacena–Nastase) scaling does not break down at four-loop level or beyond. We also discuss how the result gets modified if BMN scaling does break down. Finally, we show that our result qualitatively agrees at strong coupling with a prediction of string theory.
Investigation on vector control of three-phase synchronous machines under supply fault condition

This paper deals with modeling and control of a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with sinusoidal back electromotive forces (emf) under supply fault conditions. The overall system is modeled thanks to the energetic macroscopic representation (EMR) formalism considering that a fusible element opens the phase circuit. Using systematic inversion rules of the EMR, a maximum control structure (MCS) is deduced. Based on the analysis of degrees of freedom (DOF) of the drive, two control strategies for constant-torque under supply fault conditions are inferred. One method balances generated perturbations caused by the supply fault and the other one consists in modifying current controller's structure. These methods are validated through simulations with Matlab software
An efficient algorithm for library-based cell-type selection in high-performance low-power designs

In this paper, we present a complete framework for celltype selection in modern high-performance low-power designs with library-based timing model. Our framework can be divided into three stages. First, the best design performance with all possible cell-types is achieved by a Minimum Clock Period Lagrangian Relaxation (Min-Clock LR) method, which extends the traditional LR approach to conquer the difficulties in discrete scenario. Min-Clock LR fully leverages the prevalent many-core systems as the main body of its workload is composed of independent tasks. Upon a timing-valid design, we solve the timing-constrained power optimization problem by min-cost network flow. Especially, we identify and address the core issues in applying network flow technique to library-based timing model. Finally, a power prune technique is developed to take advantage of the residual slacks due to the conservative network flow construction. Experiments on ISPD 2012 benchmarks show that on average we can save 13% more leakage power on designs with fast timing constraints compared to start-of-the-art techniques. Moreover, our algorithm shows a linear empirical runtime, finishing the largest benchmark with one million cells in 1.5 hours.
Explicit invariant approximation of the mRPI set for LTI dynamics with zonotopic disturbances

In this paper we provide a robust positive invariance (RPI) over-approximation of the minimal RPI (mRPI) set associated for linear dynamics with zonotopic disturbances. We prove that the RPI construction converges toward the mRPI set and its conservatism diminishes monotonically with respect to the complexity of the representation (a “tightness” coefficient is calculated a priori). The results are tested in illustrative examples.
Formalizing human-robot mutual adaptation: A bounded memory model

Mutual adaptation is critical for effective team collaboration. This paper presents a formalism for human-robot mutual adaptation in collaborative tasks. We propose the bounded-memory adaptation model (BAM), which captures human adaptive behaviors based on a bounded memory assumption. We integrate BAM into a partially observable stochastic model, which enables robot adaptation to the human. When the human is adaptive, the robot will guide the human towards a new, optimal collaborative strategy unknown to the human in advance. When the human is not willing to change their strategy, the robot adapts to the human in order to retain human trust. Human subject experiments indicate that the proposed formalism can significantly improve the effectiveness of human-robot teams, while human subject ratings on the robot performance and trust are comparable to those achieved by cross training, a state-of-the-art human-robot team training practice.
Improved PARAFAC Based Blind MIMO System Estimation

We consider the problem of frequency domain identification of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system driven by white, mutually independent unobservable inputs. In particular, we improve upon a method recently proposed by the authors [1] that uses PARAFAC decomposition of a tensor that is formed based on higher-order statistics of the system output. The approach of [1] utilizes only one slice of the output tensor at each time. We here proposed an approach that fully exploits the information in the output tensor, and as a result achieves lower error values. The proposed approach can also be applied to systems with more inputs than outputs.
Polycarbonate Bottle Use and Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations

Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume chemical commonly used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic. Low-level concentrations of BPA in animals and possibly in humans may cause endocrine disruption. Whether ingestion of food or beverages from polycarbonate containers increases BPA concentrations in humans has not been studied. Objectives We examined the association between use of polycarbonate beverage containers and urinary BPA concentrations in humans. Methods We conducted a nonrandomized intervention of 77 Harvard College students to compare urinary BPA concentrations collected after a washout phase of 1 week to those taken after an intervention week during which most cold beverages were consumed from polycarbonate drinking bottles. Paired t-tests were used to assess the difference in urinary BPA concentrations before and after polycarbonate bottle use. Results The geometric mean urinary BPA concentration at the end of the washout phase was 1.2 μg/g creatinine, increasing to 2.0 μg/g creatinine after 1 week of polycarbonate bottle use. Urinary BPA concentrations increased by 69% after use of polycarbonate bottles (p < 0.0001). The association was stronger among participants who reported ≥ 90% compliance (77% increase; p < 0.0001) than among those reporting < 90% compliance (55% increase; p = 0.03), but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.54). Conclusions One week of polycarbonate bottle use increased urinary BPA concentrations by two-thirds. Regular consumption of cold beverages from polycarbonate bottles is associated with a substantial increase in urinary BPA concentrations irrespective of exposure to BPA from other sources.
Attentional repulsion effect despite a colour-based control set

A salient distractor can have a twofold effect on concurrent visual processes; it can both reduce the processing efficiency of the relevant target (e.g., increasing response time) and distort the spatial representation of the display (e.g., misperception of a target location). Previous work has shown that knowledge of the key feature of visual targets can eliminate the effect of salient distractors on processing efficiency. For instance, knowing that the target of interest is red (i.e., having an attentional control set for red) can eliminate the cost of green distractors on the speed of response to the target. The present study shows that the second mark of irrelevant salient distractors, i.e., distortions in spatial representation, is resistant to such top-down control. Using the attentional repulsion effect, we examined the influence of salient distractors on target localization. Observers had a colour-based control set and the distractors either matched or mismatched with the control set. In the first two experiments, we found systematic mislocalization of targets away from the peripheral distractors (i.e., an attentional repulsion effect). Critically, the effect was caused by distractors that both matched and mismatched the control set. A third experiment, using the same stimuli, found that processing efficiency was perfectly resistant to distractors that did not match the control set, consistent with previous work. Together, the present findings suggest that although top-down control can eliminate the cost of a salient distractor on processing efficiency, it does so without eliminating the distractor's influence on the spatial representation of the display.
Speaking and hearing : Same grammar , different perspectives

a Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 716, 9700 AS Groningen, The Netherlands b Department of Linguistics, CLS, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands c Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands d Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University, Trans 10, 3512 JK Utrecht, The Netherlands
TWO-DIMENSIONAL NAVIER-STOKES SIMULATION OF BREAKING WAVES

Numerical simulations describing plunging breakers including the splash-up phenomenon are presented. The motion is governed by the classical, incompressible, two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equation. The numerical modeling of this two-phase flow is based on a piecewise linear version of the volume of fluid method. Capillary effects are taken into account such as a nonisotropic stress tensor concentrated near the interface. Results concerning the time evolution of liquid–gas interface and velocity field are given for short waves, showing how an initial steep wave undergoes breaking and successive splash-up cycles. Breaking processes including overturning, splash-up and gas entrainment, and breaking induced vortex-like motion beneath the surface and energy dissipation, are presented and discussed. It is found that strong vorticities are generated during the breaking process, and that more than 80% of the total pre-breaking wave energy is dissipated within three wave periods. The numerical results are compared with some laboratory measurements, and a favorable agreement is found.
Television Consumption and Affective Orientation

This study examined affective orientation and television viewing. The mass media plays an influential role on individual viewers. Television viewing patterns may have a connection with Affective Orientation. Affective Orientation is defined as the predisposition to actively scrutinize, consider, and use one’s emotions as guiding information (Booth-Butterfield & Booth-Butterfield, 1990). Affectively oriented communicators tend to acknowledge subtle changes in their emotional states. Moreover, high AOs consider their emotions and use them as a way to guide behavioral decisions. Individuals low in AO tend to ignore their emotions as useful information. This study found no significant connection between hours of television watched and Affective Orientation. However, the findings suggest that affective orientation may be more uniquely influenced by television program type viewed. People who scored high in AO watched programming that allowed them to identify with or imitate those live symbolic models, which are often prevalent in drama/soap operas.
Distant Pedestrian Re-detection from an In-vehicle Camera Based on Detections by Other Vehicles

In this paper, we propose the re-detection paradigm, which is a detection with prior knowledge of the detection target, and we introduce an implementation of the re-detection for pedestrian detection from an in-vehicle camera. We focus on the fact that other vehicles can observe and detect pedestrians before the own vehicle observes them. Here, other vehicles include forward vehicles. Since appearances of pedestrians do not significantly change even though their locations are different, sharing images of the detected pedestrians within the vehicles, the own vehicle can use them as prior knowledge for detecting them again. Results on applying the proposed method to a dataset obtained by an in-vehicle camera demonstrate that the accuracy of pedestrian detection results can be significantly increased if prior knowledge of the pedestrians could be obtained.