Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPLEX CONTINUED FRACTIONS WITH RESTRICTED ENTRIES

We study special innite iterated function systems derived from complex continued fraction expansions with restricted entries. We focus our attention on the corresponding limit set whose Hausdor dimension will be denoted by h. Our primary goal is to determine whether the h-dimensional Hausdor and packing measure of the limit set is positive and nite. 1. Preliminaries The theory of uniformly hyperbolic dynamical systems leads naturally to the study of nite Markov partitions and iterated function systems obtained from a nite number of contractions. (See (6), comp. (8) for further literature. ) For non-uniformly-hyperbolic dynamical systems, a part of the corresponding theory has been developed. It goes back to the papers by Schweiger (12), and Thaler (14,15)onintervalmapswithanindierentxedpoint. Theretheconceptofjump transformationis introduced and explored. It has a natural Markovpartition with innitelymanycells. Furtherdevelopmentofthissubjectcanbefoundforexample in(1,2,3,7,13,17,18). Here we discuss particular examples of conformal repellers, obtained as limit sets of iterated function systems. Each iterated function system is obtained from an innite number of contractions. We show that under certain conditions the repellers possess zero Hausdor measure and positive nite packing measure. Specically, let (X;) be a compact metric space, and let I be a countable set withatleasttwoelements. DeneS=fi: X! Xj i2 Ig,acollectionofinjective contractions from X to X for which there exists 0
Diet-induced obesity in ad libitum-fed mice: food texture overrides the effect of macronutrient composition

Diet-induced obesity in mice can be achieved through the use of diets with different macronutrient compositions and textures. We aimed at determining the contribution of macronutrient composition to obesity development and associated pathophysiological changes in mice. C57BL/6N mice were offered a control, a high-fat or a Western-style diet, either as pellet (H for hard) or with identical composition in powder form (S for soft), resulting in C-S, C-H, HF-H, HF-S, W-H and W-S groups, respectively. Body fat distribution, expression levels of selected target genes in adipose tissues, clinical chemistry and hormone concentration in the blood, as well as liver TAG content were measured. The most striking finding was that all mice fed the different powder diets developed obesity with similar weight gain, whereas among the mice fed the pellet diets, only those given the HF and W diets became obese. This allowed us to separate diet-specific effects from obesity-mediated effects. Irrespective of the food texture, the W diet induced a more severe hepatosteatosis and higher activities of serum transaminases compared with the two other diets. Adipose tissue gene expression analysis revealed that leptin and adiponectin levels were not affected by the dietary composition per se, whereas uncoupling protein 1 and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 levels were decreased by both dietary composition and changes in body weight. In conclusion, diets differing in macronutrient composition elicit specific pathophysiological changes, independently of changes in body weight. A diet high in both fat and sugars seems to be more deleterious for the liver than a HF diet.
A Survey on Ambulatory ECG and Identification of Motion Artifact

Ambulatory ECG monitoring (AECG) is increasingly for the patients suffering from cardiac disorders. Ambulatory monitoring has an advantage over the indoor monitoring that the patients can perform their daily routine activities. The major difficulty with ambulatory ECG monitoring is that the ECG signals are contaminated by motion artifact introduced due to physical activity (PA) of the patient. The AECG during commonplace PA is presumed to be an additive mix of signals due to cardiac activities, motion artifacts. Based on this fact, AECG is analysed to yield some information regarding the PA. This can be used for accurate interpretation of the AECG and hence can increase the utility of ambulatory cardiac monitoring. Here in this paper a brief introduction to the recent research activities for detecting and recognizing the PA related information from analysis of the ambulatory ECG signals is presented.
Distributed resource allocation in small cellular networks - Test-bed experiments and results

The advent of femto-cellular base stations brings with it a promise for increased cellular coverage and capacity. However, several challenges need to be met in order to fulfil these promises. Femto-cells are likely to be deployed in an adhoc manner due to the infeasibility of carrying out comprehensive spectrum planning as in legacy cellular networks. One of the major issues with such a deployment is the problem of interference between cells. It is possible that femto-cells may interfere with their neighboring cells if they use the same frequency resources. This paper proposes a distributed radio resource management (DRRM) algorithm to address this problem and studies its performance through experiments in a test-bed. Results from this study indicate that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve performance compared to the randomized allocation regime. In light of the deployment considerations, the results are particularly significant given the simplicity and practicality of the proposed solution.
Regulatory Elements of the Staphylococcus aureus Protein A (Spa) Promoter

ABSTRACT Staphylococcal protein A (Spa) is an important virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus. Transcription of the spa determinant occurs during the exponential growth phase and is repressed when the cells enter the postexponential growth phase. Regulation of spa expression has been found to be complicated, with regulation involving multiple factors, including Agr, SarA, SarS, SarT, Rot, and MgrA. Our understanding of how these factors work on the spa promoter to regulate spa expression is incomplete. To identify regulatory sites within the spa promoter, analysis of deletion derivatives of the promoter in host strains deficient in one or more of the regulatory factors was undertaken, and several critical features of spa regulation were revealed. The transcriptional start sites of spa were determined by primer extension. The spa promoter sequences were subcloned in front of a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. Various lengths of spa truncations with the same 3′ end were constructed, and the resultant plasmids were transduced into strains with different regulatory genetic backgrounds. Our results identified upstream promoter sequences necessary for Agr system regulation of spa expression. The cis elements for SarS activity, an activator of spa expression, and for SarA activity, a repressor of spa expression, were identified. The well-characterized SarA consensus sequence on the spa promoter was found to be insufficient for SarA repression of the spa promoter. Full repression required the presence of a second consensus site adjacent to the SarS binding site. Sequences directly upstream of the core promoter sequence were found to stimulate transcription.
Physical Communication Energy Efficient Qos Constrained Scheduler for Sc-fdma Uplink

In this paper we propose a framework for an energy efficient scheduler for multiuser SC-FDMA with queue state information (QSI) and quality of service (QoS) constraints. Resource allocation is formulated as a two-stage problem where resources are allocated in both time and frequency. The scheduling policy is obtained in two stages for the intra-and inter-user allocations respectively. A near optimal iterative allocation method is used for the inter-user allocation and the intra-user allocation policy is obtained using a constrained Markov decision process framework. Results are presented for the energy performance.
Lapatinib plus Letrozole as First-Line Therapy for HER-2+ Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer

Reported are results from a subgroup analysis of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive metastatic breast cancer from a phase III trial of letrozole plus placebo versus letrozole plus lapatinib. The combination was well tolerated and more efficacious than letrozole alone.
ER–Mitochondrial Calcium Flow Underlies Vulnerability of Mechanosensory Hair Cells to Damage

Mechanosensory hair cells are vulnerable to environmental insult, resulting in hearing and balance disorders. We demonstrate that directional compartmental flow of intracellular Ca2+ underlies death in zebrafish lateral line hair cells after exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics, a well characterized hair cell toxin. Ca2+ is mobilized from the ER and transferred to mitochondria via IP3 channels with little cytoplasmic leakage. Pharmacological agents that shunt ER-derived Ca2+ directly to cytoplasm mitigate toxicity, indicating that high cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels alone are not cytotoxic. Inhibition of the mitochondrial transition pore sensitizes hair cells to the toxic effects of aminoglycosides, contrasting with current models of excitotoxicity. Hair cells display efficient ER–mitochondrial Ca2+ flow, suggesting that tight coupling of these organelles drives mitochondrial activity under physiological conditions at the cost of increased susceptibility to toxins.
The use of genetic algorithms and neural networks to approximate missing data in database

Missing data creates various problems in analysing and processing data in databases. In this paper we introduce a new method aimed at approximating missing data in a database using a combination of genetic algorithms and neural networks. The proposed method uses genetic algorithm to minimise an error function derived from an auto-associative neural network. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) networks are employed to train the neural networks. Our focus also lies on the investigation of using the proposed method in accurately predicting missing data as the number of missing cases within a single record increases. It is observed that there is no significant reduction in accuracy of results as the number of missing cases in a single record increases. It is also found that results obtained using RBF are superior to MLP.
Rate and extent of phagocytosis in macrophages lacking vamp3

During phagocytosis, macrophages rapidly internalize a substantial fraction of plasma membrane without a net loss of surface area, suggesting that membranes are targeted to the cell surface from intracellular sites. Nevertheless, a requirement for mobilization of specific membrane compartments has not been demonstrated. We used bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMM) from wild type and vamp3 null mice to evaluate directly the requirement for this v‐SNARE in phagocytosis of zymosan, IgG‐beads, complement‐opsonized particles, or latex microspheres. Regardless of the phagocytic receptor engaged or particle load, BMM lacking vamp3 exhibited no phagocytic defects when assayed after 1 h at 37°C, and phagosome maturation was unimpaired as judged by acquisition of lamp‐1. In contrast, at early time points (5–15 min), internalization of zymosan (but not other particles tested) was significantly slower in vamp3 null BMM. These data indicate that vamp3 modulates efficient uptake of zymosan, but is not absolutely required for phagocytosis in primary macrophages.
Collision-free Path Planning Based on Clustering

The goal of collision-free path planning is to find a continuous path from a starting position to goal position without any collisions. The collision-free path planning is a critical skill in mobile robot applications, and by now it is still a tough problem because mobile robots would easily run into the situation of planning for the current path while neglecting the global goal. In this paper, an approach of path planning based on clustering is presented, which combines the methods of both local collision-free path planning and global path intelligent search. This method firstly set a visual field for robot to imitate human being’s driving. Inside of the given visual field, the Maximal-Minimal Distance clustering rule is utilized to tackle the problem of current local obstacle avoidance. Then the strategy of searching an optimal path through a serial of navigating points is introduced with the consideration of a nearest path while searching global goal position. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Gene-finding approaches for eukaryotes.

The goal of this paper is to introduce the methods commonly used for predicting protein-coding regions in eukaryotic DNA, primarily for the benefit of those not familiar with the topic. This is not meant as a comprehensive review, nor do I describe in detail the underlying mathematical formalism. Those seeking additional information are encouraged to read some recent reviews (Fickett 1996; Claverie 1997; Burge and Karlin 1998; Haussler 1998). Most of the papers in this issue from the recent Genome Annotation Assessment Project (GASP) attempt to identify proteincoding genes using one or more of the methods I describe. I do not assess the success of the different methods, as that is done in the accompanying paper (Reese et al. 2000) and by each paper individually. There are two important aspects to any program for gene identification: one is the type of information used by the program, and the other is the algorithm that is employed to combine that information into a coherent prediction. Three types of information are used in predicting gene structures: “signals” in the sequence, such as splice sites; “content” statistics, such as codon bias; and similarity to known genes. The first two types have been used since the early days of gene prediction, whereas similarity information has been used routinely only in recent years. One of the reasons that the accuracy of gene-prediction programs have improved in the last few years is the enormous increase in the number of examples of known coding sequences. This much larger sample size allows for more reliable statistical measures to be developed, as well as a much greater likelihood of encountering a gene that is related to one that has been identified previously. Types of Information Used
Semi-empirical parameterization of size-dependent atmospheric nanoparticle growth in continental environments

Abstract. The capability to accurately yet efficiently represent atmospheric nanoparticle growth by biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organics is a challenge for current atmospheric large-scale models. It is, however, crucial to predict nanoparticle growth accurately in order to reliably estimate the atmospheric cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. In this work we introduce a simple semi-empirical parameterization for sub-20 nm particle growth that distributes secondary organics to the nanoparticles according to their size and is therefore able to reproduce particle growth observed in the atmosphere. The parameterization includes particle growth by sulfuric acid, secondary organics from monoterpene oxidation (SORGMT) and an additional condensable vapor of non-monoterpene organics ("background"). The performance of the proposed parameterization was investigated using ambient data on particle growth rates in three diameter ranges (1.5–3 nm, 3–7 nm and 7–20 nm). The growth rate data were acquired from particle/air ion number size distribution measurements at six continental sites over Europe. The longest time series of 7 yr (2003–2009) was obtained from a boreal forest site in Hyytiala, Finland, while about one year of data (2008–2009) was used for the other stations. The extensive ambient measurements made it possible to test how well the parameterization captures the seasonal cycle observed in sub-20 nm particle growth and to determine the weighing factors for distributing the SORGMT for different sized particles as well as the background mass flux (concentration). Besides the monoterpene oxidation products, background organics with a concentration comparable to SORGMT, around 6 × 107 cm−3 (consistent with an additional global SOA yield of 100 Tg yr−1) was needed to reproduce the observed nanoparticle growth. Simulations with global models suggest that the "background" could be linked to secondary biogenic organics that are formed in the presence of anthropogenic pollution.
Measuring the Intellectual Capital Performance Based on 2-tuple Fuzzy Linguistic Information

Nowadays, knowledge has become a determinant capital for enterprise to retain and improve competitive advantage. In other words, knowledge and intellectual capital are crucial intangible resources and also need to be emphasized and manage appropriately. Because knowledge is abstract, intangible, and difficult to measure, it becomes an important issue to evaluate intellectual capital for business managers. However, only tangible factors are considered in the evaluation process and the lack of experience may hinder the intellectual capital evaluation. A more realistic approach should consider both tangible and intangible factors and use the linguistic variables instead of numerical values simultaneously. Therefore, this paper proposes a suitable model for intellectual capital performance evaluation by combining 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic approach with multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) method. Finally, a case study is implemented for a high-technology company in Taiwan at the end of this paper.
BlendingShapes byUsing SubdivisionSurfaces

This paper presents a shape-blending algorithm that interpolates between 2D and 3D polyhedrons. Shape blending, which is sometimes called shape metamorphosis or geometric morphing, has applications in such areas as entertainment and medical visualization. Our algorithm directly interpolates vertices of polyhedral source shapes by using variationally optimized subdivision surfaces. To interpolate a pair of 3D polyhedrons, for example, a smooth 4D tetrahedral interpolator subdivision surface is created. Intersecting the 4D subdivision surface with another 4D surface produces a blended 3D mesh. Variational optimization of the interpolator surface ensures a smooth shape transition. At the same time, manipulable nature of the interpolator subdivision surface allows for feature correspondences, shape transition e ects, and other controls over the shape blending.
Nature of individual difference in liability to depression in Russian adolescents

The Influence of genetic and environmental factors on liability to depression in Russian teenage sample was investigated. 196 twin pairs aged 13 to 17 (M=15,2) from Moscow, Izhevsk and Bishkek took part in the survey. We have found out that genetic factors had an effect on individual difference in depressiveness among Russian teenagers: more than 50% of variance was explained by additive genetic factors which correspond to international results. The biggest genetic influence was obtained for such scales as negative emotions, negative self esteem and externalization which are the most replicable factor scales in CDI structure worldwide.
What School Factors Influence Teachers' Perceptions of Safety

The purpose of the study was to describe factors that make teachers feel safe in their classrooms and school buildings. An in-depth exploration of contributing factors to feelings of safety for teachers will assist the field of education when planning facilities and preparing current and future school administrators in leading schools with a healthy and safe climate for teachers. For this study, the researcher surveyed all teaching personnel in a school division which was a total of 133 full-time, fully licensed teachers employed by a rural school division in Southside Virginia. A survey instrument with both quantitative and open ended questions was developed to investigate perceptions of safety in participants’ responses regarding the physical characteristics of school buildings and classrooms, the influence of colleague relationships, and administrative practices and school division policies that influence teachers’ feelings of safety. The quantitative survey questions utilized a Likert-scale format for participants to indicate degrees of agreement with statements with responses that ranged from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The opened ended questions provided for qualitative investigation by allowing participants to provide answers in their own words regarding the four research sub-questions. Findings from the study indicated that teachers in the study generally felt safe in their schools. Teachers indicated perceiving that the greatest violence risk was posed by outside intruders and concern for safety was not generally caused by student behavior. Teachers’ perceptions of safety were influenced by the presence of a resource officer in their school building, locked exterior doors, the use of surveillance cameras, the presence of a supportive and visible school principal, and the support of their teacher colleagues. What School Factors Influence Teachers’ Perceptions of Safety in Their Classrooms and Schools? Nancy Hardie Leonard GENERAL AUDIENCE ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to describe factors that make teachers feel safe in their classrooms and school buildings. An in-depth exploration of contributing factors to feelings of safety for teachers will assist the field of education when planning facilities and preparing current and future school administrators in leading schools with a healthy and safe climate for teachers. For this study, the researcher surveyed all teaching personnel in a school division which was a total of 133 full-time, fully licensed teachers employed by a rural school division in Southside Virginia. Findings from the study indicated that teachers in the study generally felt safe in their schools. Teachers indicated perceiving that the greatest violence risk was posed by outside intruders and concern for safety was not generally caused by student behavior. Teachers’ perceptions of safety were influenced by the presence of a resource officer in their school building, locked exterior doors, the use of surveillance cameras, the presence of a supportive and visible school principal, and the support of their teacher colleagues.
Balanced network flows. VI. Polyhedral descriptions

This paper discusses the balanced circulation polytope, that is, the convex hull of balanced circulations of a given balanced flow network. The LP description of this polytope is the LP description of ordinary circulations plus some odd‐set constraints. The paper starts with an exposition of several classes of odd‐set inequalities. These inequalities are described in terms of balanced network flows as well as matchings and put into relation to each other. Step by step, the problem of finding a cost minimum balanced circulation can be reduced to the b‐matching problem. We present an LP characterization of the b‐matching polytope by blossom inequalities. With a moderate effort, these odd sets are lifted to the setting of balanced‐network flows. We finish with the dualization of the derived LP formulation, an introduction of reduced‐cost labels, and a corresponding optimality condition. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.