Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paragraph-based nearest neighbour searching in full-text documents

SUMMARY This paper discusses the searching of full-text documents to identify paragraphs that are relevant to a user request. Given a natural language query statement, a nearest neighbour search involves ranking the paragraphs comprising a full-text document in order of descending similarity with the query, where the similarity for each paragraph is determined by the number of keyword stems that it has in common with the query. This approach is compared with the more conventional Boolean search which requires the user to specify the logical relationships between the query terms. Comparative searches using 130 queries and 20 full-text documents demonstrate the general effectiveness of the nearest neighbour model for paragraph-based searching. It is shown that the output from a nearest neighbour search can be used to guide a reader to the most appropriate segment of an online full-text document.
Measurements of cognitive skill by survey mode: Marginal differences and scaling similarities

This paper addresses how measurements of cognitive skill differ based on survey mode, from a face-to-face interview to a self-completed survey, using the Wordsum vocabulary test found in the General Social Survey. The Wordsum acts as a proxy for general cognitive skill, and it has been used to predict a variety of political variables. Therefore, knowing differences in cognitive skill by mode are important for political science research because of the proliferation of self-completed Internet surveys. I leverage a large-scale mode experiment that randomizes a general population sample into a face-to-face or self-completed interview. Results show that historically easy questions are more likely to yield correct answers in the face-to-face treatment, but modest-to-difficult test questions have a higher rate of correct answers in the self-completed treatment (marginal distributions). A cognitive skill scale using item response theory, however, does not differ by mode because the ordering of ideal points does not change from a face-to-face interview to a self-completed survey. When applying the scale to a well-established model of party identification, I show no difference by mode, suggesting that a transition from face-to-face interviews to self-completed surveys may not alter conclusion drawn from models that use the Wordsum test.
On the Problems of Symbol-Spaced Tapped-Delay-Line Models for WSSUS Channels

This paper reviews the pertinence and statistical behavior of symbol-spaced tapped-delay-line (TDL) models which are widely used to model wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS) channels. Symbol-spaced TDL models are obtained by sampling the channel impulse response (CIR) at a rate equal to the reciprocal of the symbol duration. They were proposed more than three decades ago within the context of band-limited systems and their applicability seems to be unquestionable. Nonetheless, we show here that these TDL models should be used with care to model WSSUS channels within such a context, because that would violate the channel's uncorrelated scattering (US) condition. We also show that symbol-spaced TDL models suffer from strong limitations in emulating the channel frequency correlation function (FCF). It is shown that this drawback leads to an inaccurate performance evaluation of wireless communication systems sensitive to the FCF. We discuss a simple solution to this problem by doubling the channel's sampling rate. The advantages of this solution will be demonstrated by some numerical examples.
Computational Model for Effects of Ligand/Receptor Binding Properties on Interleukin‐2 Trafficking Dynamics and T Cell Proliferation Response

Multisubunit cytokine receptors such as the heterotrimeric receptor for interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) are ubiquitous in hematopoeitic cell types of importance in biotechnology and are crucial regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation behavior. Dynamics of cytokine/receptor endocytic trafficking can significantly impact cell responses through effects of receptor down‐regulation and ligand depletion, and in turn are governed by ligand/receptor binding properties. We describe here a computational model for trafficking dynamics of the IL‐2 receptor (IL‐2R) system, which is able to predict T cell proliferation responses to IL‐2. This model comprises kinetic equations describing binding, internalization, and postendocytic sorting of IL‐2 and IL‐2R, including an experimentally derived dependence of cell proliferation rate on these properties. Computational results from this model predict that IL‐2 depletion can be reduced by decreasing its binding affinity for the IL‐2R βγ subunit relative to the α subunit at endosomal pH, as a result of enhanced ligand sorting to recycling vis‐à‐vis degradation, and that an IL‐2 analogue with such altered binding properties should exhibit increased potency for stimulating the T cell proliferation response. These results are in agreement with our recent experimental findings for the IL‐2 analogue termed 2D1 [Fallon, E. M.et al. J. Biol. Chem.2000, 275, 6790−6797]. Thus, this type of model may enable prediction of beneficial cytokine/receptor binding properties to aid development of molecular design criteria for improvements in applications such as in vivo cytokine therapies and in vitro hematopoietic cell bioreactors.
Cleverness and wisdom in 12‐year‐olds: Electrophysiological evidence for late maturation of the frontal lobe

We were interested in the degree to which neuropsychological indices of frontal lobe function could account for individual differences as well as matura‐tional aspects of cognitive development. Children selected for enrichment classes are typically those who perform well on tests of intelligence compared to peers. We compared the performance of a group of 18 bright children with 22 peers on a neuropsychological battery designed to examine tasks related to executive functions associated with the prefrontal area, to simple attention and memory, to reaction time performance, and on auditory oddball P300s and visual Contingent Negative Variations (CNVs). We found that, compared to peers, enrichment class children are advanced in almost all measures except those reputed to tap prefrontal lobe functions, and that both groups of children are significantly behind an adult control group on the early component of the CNV, which has been specifically related to activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal area.
Highly sensitive sites for guanine‐O6 ethylation in rat brain DNA exposed to N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea in vivo.

Brain chromosomal DNA isolated from fetal BDIX‐rats 1 h after i.v. administration of the ethylating N‐nitroso carcinogen N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (75 micrograms/g body weight), statistically contained one molecule of O6‐ethyl‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (O6‐EtdGuo) per 81 micron of DNA, as determined in enzymatic DNA hydrolysates by competitive radio‐immunoassay using a high‐affinity anti‐(O6‐EtdGuo) monoclonal antibody (ER‐6). After fragmentation of the DNA by the restriction enzyme AluI (average fragment length, Lav = 0.28 micron = 970 bp; length range, Lr = 1.87‐0.02 micron = 6540 ‐ 60 bp), a small (approximately 2%) fraction of DNA enriched in specific polypeptides tightly associated with DNA was separated from the bulk DNA by a glass fiber binding technique. As analyzed by immune electron microscopy, approximately 1% of the DNA molecules in this fraction contained clusters of 2‐10 (O6‐EtdGuo)‐antibody binding sites (ABS). On the cluster‐bearing fragments (Lav, 0.85 micron +/‐ 0.50 micron S.D.; corresponding to 2970 +/‐ 1760 bp) the average ABS‐ABS interspace distance was 110 nm (= 390 bp; range approximately 9‐600 nm), indicating a highly non‐random distribution of O6‐EtdGuo in target cell DNA.
CYGNSS: Enabling the Future of Hurricane Prediction [Remote Sensing Satellites]

The CYGNSS mission introduces a new paradigm in low-cost Earth science missions that employs a constellation of science-based microsats to fill a gap in capabilities of existing large systems at a fraction of the cost. The CYGNSS observatories will make frequent wind observations, and wind observations in precipitating conditions, using GPS reflectometry to observe the TC inner core ocean surface. These efforts will result in unprecedented coverage of windswithin a TC throughout its life cycle and thus provide critical data necessary for advancing the forecast of TC intensification.
CMsearch: simultaneous exploration of protein sequence space and structure space improves not only protein homology detection but also protein structure prediction

Motivation: Protein homology detection, a fundamental problem in computational biology, is an indispensable step toward predicting protein structures and understanding protein functions. Despite the advances in recent decades on sequence alignment, threading and alignment-free methods, protein homology detection remains a challenging open problem. Recently, network methods that try to find transitive paths in the protein structure space demonstrate the importance of incorporating network information of the structure space. Yet, current methods merge the sequence space and the structure space into a single space, and thus introduce inconsistency in combining different sources of information. Method: We present a novel network-based protein homology detection method, CMsearch, based on cross-modal learning. Instead of exploring a single network built from the mixture of sequence and structure space information, CMsearch builds two separate networks to represent the sequence space and the structure space. It then learns sequence–structure correlation by simultaneously taking sequence information, structure information, sequence space information and structure space information into consideration. Results: We tested CMsearch on two challenging tasks, protein homology detection and protein structure prediction, by querying all 8332 PDB40 proteins. Our results demonstrate that CMsearch is insensitive to the similarity metrics used to define the sequence and the structure spaces. By using HMM–HMM alignment as the sequence similarity metric, CMsearch clearly outperforms state-of-the-art homology detection methods and the CASP-winning template-based protein structure prediction methods. Availability and implementation: Our program is freely available for download from http://sfb.kaust.edu.sa/Pages/Software.aspx. Contact: xin.gao@kaust.edu.sa Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Consistent Translation using Discriminative Learning - A Translation Memory-inspired Approach

We present a discriminative learning method to improve the consistency of translations in phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems. Our method is inspired by Translation Memory (TM) systems which are widely used by human translators in industrial settings. We constrain the translation of an input sentence using the most similar 'translation example' retrieved from the TM. Differently from previous research which used simple fuzzy match thresholds, these constraints are imposed using discriminative learning to optimise the translation performance. We observe that using this method can benefit the SMT system by not only producing consistent translations, but also improved translation outputs. We report a 0.9 point improvement in terms of BLEU score on English--Chinese technical documents.
Toward an integrated model of applicant reactions and job choice

Previous research on applicant reactions to selection procedures has mainly emphasized the importance of procedural justice. However, much of this work has not examined other applicant reaction mechanisms (such as signals and expectancy) or additional variables known to influence job choice (e.g. pay, location and marketability). In contrast, this longitudinal field study took these other mechanisms and variables into account through the examination of the job choice processes of 588 applicants located in Canada to 215 organizations. Structural equation modelling was used to test an integrated model combining the three mechanisms of procedural justice, signals and expectancy, controlling for pay, location, and marketability. Support was found for signal and expectancy mechanisms influencing applicant intentions and job choice, and these effects were stronger for applicants with multiple opportunities and less pre-interview knowledge of the organization.
On Arthur Merlin Games in Communication Complexity

We show several results related to interactive proof modes of communication complexity. First we show lower bounds for the QMA-communication complexity of the functions Inner Product and Disjointness. We describe a general method to prove lower bounds for QMA-communication complexity, and show how one can 'transfer' hardness under an analogous measure in the query complexity model to the communication model using Sherstov's pattern matrix method.Combining a result by Vereshchagin and the pattern matrix method we find a partial function with AM-communication complexity O(\log n), PP-communication complexity \Omega(n^{1/3}), and QMA-communication complexity \Omega(n^{1/6}). Hence in the world of communication complexity noninteractive quantum proof systems are not able to efficiently simulate co-nondeterminism or interaction. These results imply that the related questions in Turing machine complexity theory cannot be resolved by 'algebrizing' techniques. Finally we show that in MA-protocols there is an exponential gap between one-way protocols and two-way protocols for a partial function (this refers to the interaction between Alice and Bob). This is in contrast to nondeterministic, AM-, and QMA-protocols, where one-way communication is essentially optimal.
A Nonparametric Latent Factor Model For Location-Aware Video Recommendations

We are interested in learning customers' video preferences from their historic viewing patterns and geographical location. We consider a Bayesian latent factor modeling approach for this task. In order to tune the complexity of the model to best represent the data, we make use of Bayesian nonparameteric techniques. We describe an inference technique that can scale to large real-world data sets. Finally we show results obtained by applying the model to a large internal Netflix data set, that illustrates that the model was able to capture interesting relationships between viewing patterns and geographical location.
Ville Pulkki Title : Signal-dependent spatial filtering based on weighted-orthogonal beamformers in the spherical harmonic domain Year : 2016

Spatial filtering with microphone arrays is a technique that can be utilized to obtain the signal of a target sound source from a specific direction. Typical approaches in the field of audio underperform in practical environments with multiple sound sources and diffuse sound. In this contribution we propose a post-filtering technique to suppress the effect of interferers and diffuse sound. The proposed technique utilizes the cross-spectral estimates of the output of two beamformers to formulate a timefrequency soft masker. The beamformers’ outputs are used only for parameter estimation and not for generating an audio signal. Two sets of beamformer weights, a constant and an adaptive, are applied to the microphone array signals for the parameter estimation. The weights of the constant beamformer are designed such that they provide a spatially narrow beam pattern that is time and frequency invariant, having a unity gain towards the direction of interest. The weights of the adaptive beamformer are formulated using linearly constrained optimization with the constraint of weighted orthogonality with respect to the constant beamformer weights, as well as the unity gain towards the look direction. The orthogonality constraint provides diffuse sound suppression while the unity gain distortionless response. The cross spectrum of these two beamformers provides the target energy at a given look direction for the post filter. The study focuses on compact microphone arrays with which the typical beamforming techniques feature a trade-off between noise amplification and spatial selectivity, especially in the low frequency region. The proposed method is evaluated with instrumental measures and listening tests under different reverberation times, in dual and multi-talker scenarios. The evaluation shows that the proposed method provides a better performance when compared with a previous state-of-the-art spatial filter based on cross-pattern coherence, a linearly constrained beamformer and a Wiener postfilter.
Optimal spatial filtering for auditory steady-state response detection using high-density EEG

Using periodic auditory stimuli, it is possible to evoke so-called auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) in the brain, which can be measured using electroencephalography (EEG). They can be used to objectively estimate frequency-specific hearing thresholds, which is especially useful for early hearing assessment in newborns. The main problem is the extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), necessitating long measurements of up to an hour for a full audiometric assessment. To speed up the detection, we apply a linear spatial filter to the multi-channel EEG measurements, resulting in a new 'virtual' channel with optimal SNR. To ensure robustness, we then consider a hybrid ASSR detection method in which the original EEG channels are complemented with this virtual channel. The addition of this virtual channel successfully speeds up the detection of ASSRs by over 15 %. Furthermore our method not only speeds up the detection, but also greatly improves its sensitivity, in particular in the (clinically most relevant) lowest SNR scenarios. This could help reduce the gap that still exists between behaviourally and objectively obtained hearing thresholds.
On the Gaussian Z-interference channel

The optimality of the Han and Kobayashi achievable region (with Gaussian signaling) remains an open problem for Gaussian interference channels. In this paper we focus on the Gaussian Z-interference channel. We first show that using correlated (over time) Gaussian signals does not improve on the Han and Kobayashi achievable rate region. Secondly we compute the slope of the Han and Kobayashi achievable region with Gaussian signaling around the Sato's corner point.
An error estimate for two-dimensional Stokes driven cavity flow

Discontinuous velocity boundary data for the lid driven cavity flow has long been causing difficulties in both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. In finite element methods, the variational form for the driven cavity flow is not valid since the velocity is not in H 1 . Hence standard error estimates do not work. By using only W 1,r (1 < r < 2) regularity and constructing a continuous approximation to the boundary data, here we present error estimates for both the velocity-pressure formulation and the pseudostress-velocity formulation of the two-dimensional Stokes driven cavity flow.
Motion support of upper extremity with agonist alone under negative admittance control

In this paper, different from the conventional admittance control, an originally negative admittance control, in which two virtual parameters, virtual damping coefficient and virtual moment of inertia, are negative, is developed to support the movement of human's upper extremity only by agonist's EMG signals. First, we empirically determine two agonists, biceps brachii and clavicular part of deltoid to get their EMGs respectively as the control signals for elbow joint and shoulder joint. Then a negative admittance control is developed to support the movement of human's upper extremity for holding up, keeping and holding down a load only by agonist's EMG signals. The experiments demonstrate that seamless movements of holding up, keeping and holding down a heavy load is successfully realized. The experimental results show that the performance of the negative admittance control can be arbitrarily adjusted by control parameters and user's “load feeling” can be arbitrarily reduced.
Momentum Estimation, Planning and Control for Force-Centric Bipedal Locomotion

The stability of a humanoid robot is ensured by constraining its Center of Pressure (CoP) within its support polygon; using a simplified model such as the Linear Inverted Pendulum Model (LIPM) allows for a linear mapping between Center of Mass (CoM) and CoP motion. This enables the use of linear Model Predictive Control (MPC) methods to generate a CoM trajectory which realizes a desired CoP motion for the LIPM [1]. Traditional approaches to walking resolve the planned motion for joint trajectories and track these using stiff position control. However, the CoP is defined by interaction forces not positions. Since position control offers no direct control of force, this method relies on trajectory engineering and tuning. On a torque-controlled robot, however, one can directly track LIPM-consistent forces rather than COM motion. This allows for control of impedance, yet even this fails to work well without tuning for several reasons. First, the simplified model forces even if reproduced exactly on the robot will not generate the desired CoP motion due to model differences between the robot and the LIPM. Second, inverse dynamics solvers do not account for discrepancies between planned and measured forces due to perturbations, unobserved terrain and so on. In order to generate dynamic reactive behaviors on the real robot, we need to use descriptive simplified models which are consistent with the full dynamics and make use of endeffector force/torque (F/T) sensors for state estimation.
Prevention of atrial fibrillation with omega-3 fatty acids: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials

Context Previous randomised controlled trials (RCT) regarding n-3 PUFA supplementation for atrial fibrillation (AF) prevention have yielded conflicting results. Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT was conducted to examine the role of n-3 PUFA in AF prevention. Data Sources MEDLINE, Web of Science and Cochrane clinical trials database were searched until November 2010. Study Selection Of 127 initially identified studies, 10 RCT with 1955 patients were finally analysed. Data Extraction Two blinded reviewers extracted data independently to a predefined form. Disagreements were resolved through discussion and consensus. Results n-3 PUFA had no significant effect on the prevention of AF (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.15; p=0.24). There was significant heterogeneity among the studies (p=0.002, I2=65.0%). Subgroup analysis showed no significant beneficial effect of fish oils in any subset of population. Conclusions No significant effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on AF prevention were observed in this meta-analysis. A large-scale trial with higher doses and longer follow-up might be required to rule out the possibility of any treatment benefit.