Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internet Engineering Task Force (ietf) Encrypt-then-mac for Transport Layer Security (tls) and Datagram Transport Layer Security (dtls)

This document describes a means of negotiating the use of the encrypt-then-MAC security mechanism in place of the existing MAC-then-encrypt mechanism in Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS). The MAC-then-encrypt mechanism has been the subject of a number of security vulnerabilities over a period of many years. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
Antineoplastic-related cardiotoxicity, morphofunctional aspects in a murine model: contribution of the new tool 2D-speckle tracking

Objective Considering that global left ventricular systolic radial strain is a sensitive technique for the early detection of left ventricular dysfunction due to antineoplastics and the analysis of segmental myocardial contractility, we evaluated this technique for early detection of trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity by comparing it with cardiac structural damage. Methods Groups of six mice were injected with trastuzumab or doxorubicin, used either as single agents or in combination. Cardiac function was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography measurements before and after treatment for 2 or 7 days, by using a Vevo 2100 high-resolution imaging system. After echocardiography, mice were euthanized, and hearts were processed for histological evaluations, such as cardiac fibrosis, apoptosis, capillary density, and inflammatory response. Results Trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity was detected early by 2D strain imaging. Radial strain was reduced after 2 days in mice treated with trastuzumab alone (21.2%±8.0% vs 40.5%±4.8% sham; P<0.01). Similarly, trastuzumab was found to induce apoptosis, capillary density reduction, and inflammatory response in cardiac tissue after 2 days of treatment, in a fashion similar to doxorubicin. On the contrary, fractional shortening reduction and cardiac fibrosis were observed only after 7 days of trastuzumab treatment, in contrast to doxorubicin treatment which induced early fibrosis and fractional shortening reduction. Conclusion The reduction of left ventricular systolic strain after 2 days of trastuzumab treatment may indicate early myocardial functional damage before the reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction and this early dysfunction is well correlated with structural myocardial damage, such as apoptosis and inflammatory response. Fractional shortening reduction after 7 days of trastuzumab treatment is related to fibrosis in cardiac tissue.
A language to define multi-touch interactions

Touch has become a common interface for human computer interaction. From portable hand held devices like smart phones to tabletops, large displays and even devices that project on arbitrary surfaces support touch interface. However, at the end, it is the applications that bring meaning for these technologies to people. Incorporating a touch interface in application requires translating meaningful touches into system recognizable events. This process often involves complex implementations that are sometimes hard to fine tune. Due to the lack of higher-level frameworks, developers often end up writing code from scratch to implement touch interactions in their application. To address this, we present a domain-specific language to define multi-touch interaction that hides the low level implementation complexities from application developers. This allows them to focus on designing touch interactions that are natural and meaningful to the application context without worrying about implementation complexities.
Detection and diversity of pathogenic Vibrio from Fiji.

Here we investigate the diversity of pathogenic Vibrio species in marine environments close to Suva, Fiji. We use four distinct yet complementary analyses - biochemical testing, phylogenetic analyses, metagenomic analyses and molecular typing - to provide some preliminary insights into the diversity of vibrios in this region. Taken together our analyses confirmed the presence of nine Vibrio species, including three of the most important disease-causing vibrios (i.e. V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus), in Fijian marine environments. Furthermore, since toxigenic V. parahaemolyticus are present on fish for consumption we suggest these bacteria represent a potential public health risk. Our results from Illumina short read sequencing are encouraging in the context of microbial profiling and biomonitoring. They suggest this approach may offer an efficient and cost-effective method for studying the dynamics of microbial diversity in marine environments over time.
Analysis of Congestion and Contention in Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks

Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSAN) are composed of large number of sensor nodes collaboratively observing a physical phenomenon and relatively smaller number of actor nodes, which act upon the sensed phenomenon. Due to the limited capacity of shared wireless medium and memory restrictions of the sensor nodes, channel contention and network congestion can be experienced during the operation of the network. In fact, the multi-hop nature of WSAN entangles the level of local contention and the experienced network congestion. Therefore, the unique characteristics of WSAN necessitate a comprehensive analysis of the network congestion and contention under various network conditions. In this paper, we comprehensively investigate the interactions between contention resolution and congestion control mechanisms as well as the physical layer effects in WSAN. An extensive set of simulations are performed in order to quantify the impacts of several network parameters on the overall network performance. The results of our analysis reveal that the interdependency between network parameters call for adaptive cross-layer mechanisms for efficient data delivery in WSAN.
3D reconstruction in orbital proximity operations

This paper presents the application of 3D object reconstruction in orbital proximity operations. This promising novel technology is proposed to improve both Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) and autonomous algorithms for Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) in terms of situation awareness, docking efficiency and resource consumption. During this study a software framework was developed which implements a flexible real-time-capable toolchain to perform all necessary tasks for 3D object reconstruction. A driver module reads and filters the data stream from a given optical sensor (e.g. stereo camera or combined visual camera and infrared time-of-flight sensor). Image maps and depth information are then provided to computer vision algorithms for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) and algorithms for 3D reconstruction. As an output these algorithms generate a 3D point cloud and a 3D mesh that can be displayed to the human operator, fed into GNC algorithms or further processed to generate adequate surface models for visualization and inspection. This concept was verified in the Robotic Actuation and On-Orbit Navigation Laboratory (RACOON-Lab), a simulation environment for end-to-end technology development and evaluation for close-range proximity operations. A sub-scale hardware mock-up of a geostationary target satellite attached to the RACOON-Lab facility was successfully reconstructed using the described setup. During the simulated maneuver a rotating target satellite was observed by the sensors attached to the simulated chasing satellite. The software was executed on the embedded computer which is part of the facility. The cameras Kinect v2 and ZED produced adequate 3D reconstructions in intervals of less than 10 seconds. The Kinect v2 generates more accurate structures and includes more details, whereas the ZED results in a better color fidelity. Both cameras were sensitive to changes of lighting conditions. For longer acquisition times, drift caused by uncertainties in the pose estimation decreases the quality of the reconstruction significantly.
Managing Personal Tasks with Time Constraints and Preferences

This paper treats the problem of managing personal tasks, through an adaptation of the Squeaky Wheel Optimization (SWO) framework, enhanced with powerful heuristics and full constraint propagation. The problem involves preemptive and non-preemptive tasks, with extra constraints imposed on the sizes of and the distances between the parts of each preemptive task. Travelling times are imposed by the alternative localization possibilities of each task. Ordering constraints are imposed by the producer-consumer relations between tasks. The user may have preferences regarding scheduling options of single tasks or pairs of tasks. Higher degree time constraints and preferences are supported as well. SWO allows for fast scheduling and rescheduling. Several heuristics are proposed to estimate the difficulty to schedule each task and to compensate with the degree of the user's satisfaction. Experimental results show that this approach is remarkably effective and efficient.
A multiresolution object space point-based rendering approach for mobile devices

The limitation of resource on mobile devices makes providing real-time, realistic 3D graphics on local become a challenging task. Recent researches focus on remote rendering which is not good in interaction, and simple rendering on local which is not good in rendering quality. As for this challenge, this paper presents a new multiresolution object space point-based rendering approach for mobile devices local rendering. The approach use hierarchical clustering to create a hierarchy of bounding volumes, in addition, we use curvature sampling to reduce more amounts of sample points and give a rapid LOD selection algorithm. Then use view-independent object space surface splatting as the rendering primitives which can provide good rendering quality. Experiment results show that this approach uses less time and gets better rendering quality for mobile devices.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Doppler Echocardiography in Assessment of Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure: A Meta‐Analysis

Background: Transthoracic echocardiography is commonly used to estimate pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) and to diagnose pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, some recent studies have questioned the accuracy of Doppler echocardiography (DE) in the assessment of PASP. The present meta‐analysis was performed to estimate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of DE in the assessment of PASP. Methods: A literature search and data extraction of English and non‐English articles reported from May 1984 to January 2009 was performed independently by 2 investigators using MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Articles were included if they compared DE with right heart catheterization (RHC) in the assessment of PASP. Nine articles met our criteria and were included in our meta‐analysis. We conducted a meta‐analysis of the results of these articles using fixed‐ and random‐effect models to estimate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of DE in the assessment of PASP. Results: The correlation between PASP estimated by DE and RHC ranged from (r = 0.65, P < 0.001) to (r = 0.97, P < 0.001). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DE for the diagnosis of PH were 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84–92%), 56% (95% CI, 46–66%), and 63% (95% CI, 53–73%), respectively. Conclusion: DE is a useful noninvasive modality to screen for PH and can reliably determine whether PASP is normal, mildly elevated, or markedly elevated. However, abnormal results from DE need to be confirmed by RHC.
Total curvatures of model surfaces control topology of complete open manifolds with radial curvature bounded below: I

We investigate the finiteness structure of a complete non-compact n-dimensional Riemannian manifold M whose radial curvature at a base point of M is bounded from below by that of a non-compact von Mangoldt surface of revolution with its total curvature greater than π. We show, as our main theorem, that all Busemann functions on M are exhaustions, and that there exists a compact subset of M such that the compact set contains all critical points for any Busemann function on M. As corollaries by the main theorem, M has finite topological type, and the isometry group of M is compact.
Iterative Weighted Maximum Likelihood Denoising With Probabilistic Patch-Based Weights

Image denoising is an important problem in image processing since noise may interfere with visual or automatic interpretation. This paper presents a new approach for image denoising in the case of a known uncorrelated noise model. The proposed filter is an extension of the nonlocal means (NL means) algorithm introduced by Buades, which performs a weighted average of the values of similar pixels. Pixel similarity is defined in NL means as the Euclidean distance between patches (rectangular windows centered on each two pixels). In this paper, a more general and statistically grounded similarity criterion is proposed which depends on the noise distribution model. The denoising process is expressed as a weighted maximum likelihood estimation problem where the weights are derived in a data-driven way. These weights can be iteratively refined based on both the similarity between noisy patches and the similarity of patches extracted from the previous estimate. We show that this iterative process noticeably improves the denoising performance, especially in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio images such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Numerical experiments illustrate that the technique can be successfully applied to the classical case of additive Gaussian noise but also to cases such as multiplicative speckle noise. The proposed denoising technique seems to improve on the state of the art performance in that latter case.
A Computational Framework for Ultrastructural Mapping of Neural Circuitry

Circuitry mapping of metazoan neural systems is difficult because canonical neural regions (regions containing one or more copies of all components) are large, regional borders are uncertain, neuronal diversity is high, and potential network topologies so numerous that only anatomical ground truth can resolve them. Complete mapping of a specific network requires synaptic resolution, canonical region coverage, and robust neuronal classification. Though transmission electron microscopy (TEM) remains the optimal tool for network mapping, the process of building large serial section TEM (ssTEM) image volumes is rendered difficult by the need to precisely mosaic distorted image tiles and register distorted mosaics. Moreover, most molecular neuronal class markers are poorly compatible with optimal TEM imaging. Our objective was to build a complete framework for ultrastructural circuitry mapping. This framework combines strong TEM-compliant small molecule profiling with automated image tile mosaicking, automated slice-to-slice image registration, and gigabyte-scale image browsing for volume annotation. Specifically we show how ultrathin molecular profiling datasets and their resultant classification maps can be embedded into ssTEM datasets and how scripted acquisition tools (SerialEM), mosaicking and registration (ir-tools), and large slice viewers (MosaicBuilder, Viking) can be used to manage terabyte-scale volumes. These methods enable large-scale connectivity analyses of new and legacy data. In well-posed tasks (e.g., complete network mapping in retina), terabyte-scale image volumes that previously would require decades of assembly can now be completed in months. Perhaps more importantly, the fusion of molecular profiling, image acquisition by SerialEM, ir-tools volume assembly, and data viewers/annotators also allow ssTEM to be used as a prospective tool for discovery in nonneural systems and a practical screening methodology for neurogenetics. Finally, this framework provides a mechanism for parallelization of ssTEM imaging, volume assembly, and data analysis across an international user base, enhancing the productivity of a large cohort of electron microscopists.
Formalizing Artistic Techniques and Scientific Visualization for Painted Renditions of Complex Information Spaces

This paper describes a new method for visualizing complex information spaces as painted images. Scientific visualization converts data into pictures that allow viewers to "see" trends, relationships, and patterns. We introduce a formal definition of the correspondence between traditional visualization techniques and painterly styles from the Impressionist art movement. This correspondence allows us to apply perceptual guidelines from visualization to control the presentation of information in a computer-generated painting. The result is an image that is visually engaging, but that also allows viewers to rapidly and accurately explore and analyze the underlying data values. We conclude by applying our technique to a collection of environmental and weather readings, to demonstrate its viability in a practical, real-world visualization environment.
A novel tribasic Golgi export signal directs cargo protein interaction with activated Rab11 and AP-1–dependent Golgi–plasma membrane trafficking

A novel sorting motif present in the reovirus p14 fusion–associated small transmembrane protein directs interaction with GTP-Rab11 at the TGN and sorting into AP-1–coated vesicles for trafficking to the plasma membrane. This is the first example of cargo protein interaction with activated Rab11 mediating anterograde trafficking from the TGN.
Direct Ray Tracing of Full-Featured Subdivision Surfaces with B´ ezier Clipping

We present a novel, direct ray-tracing method for rendering Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces. Our method resolves an intersection with B´ ezier patches without performing of polygon tessellation as done in most traditional renderers. It supports the full set of RenderMan and OpenSubdiv subdivision surface features, including hierarchical edits, creases, semi-sharp creases, corners, the chaikin rule, and holes. Our method is fast (compared to traditional CPU ray tracers), robust and crack-free, has very low memory requirements, and minimizes BVH construction and traversal overhead for }
Self-Similar Collisionless Shocks

Observations of γ-ray burst afterglows suggest that the correlation length of magnetic field fluctuations downstream of relativistic nonmagnetized collisionless shocks grows with distance from the shock to scales much larger than the plasma skin depth. We argue that this indicates that the plasma properties are described by a self-similar solution and derive constraints on the scaling properties of the solution. For example, we find that the scaling of the characteristic magnetic field amplitude with distance from the shock is B ∝ DsB, with -1 < sB ≤ 0; that the spectrum of accelerated particles is dn/dE ∝ E−2/(sB + 1); and that the scaling of the magnetic correlation function is ⟨Bi(x)Bj(x + 𝚫x)⟩ ∝ 𝚫x2sB (for Δx ≫ D). We show that the plasma may be approximated as a combination of two self-similar components: a kinetic component of energetic particles and an MHD-like component representing "thermal" particles. We argue that the latter may be considered as infinitely conducting, in which case sB = 0 and the scalings are completely determined (e.g., dn/dE ∝ E-2 and B ∝ D0, with possible logarithmic corrections). Similar claims apply to nonrelativistic shocks such as in supernova remnants, if the upstream magnetic field can be neglected. Self-similarity has important implications for any model of particle acceleration and/or field generation. For example, we show that the diffusion function in the angle μ of momentum p in diffusive shock acceleration models must satisfy Dμμ(p,D) = D-1D̃μμ(p/D) (where p is the particle momentum) and that a previously suggested model for the generation of large-scale magnetic fields through a hierarchical merger of current filaments should be generalized. A numerical experiment testing our analysis is outlined.
Optimal approximation of stable linear systems with a novel and efficient optimization algorithm

Optimal approximation of linear system models is an important task in the controller design and simulation for complex dynamic systems. In this paper, we put forward a novel nature-based meta-heuristic method, called artificial raindrop algorithm, which is inspired from the phenomenon of natural rainfall, and apply it for optimal approximation of a stable linear system. It mimics the changing process of a raindrop, including the generation of raindrop, the descent of raindrop, the collision of raindrop, the flowing of raindrop and the updating of raindrop. Five corresponding operators are designed in the algorithm. Numerical experiment is carried on the optimal approximation of a typical stable linear system in two fixed search intervals. The result demonstrates better performance of the proposed algorithm comparing with that of other five state-of-the-art optimization algorithms.
Development and Validation of a Clostridium difficile Infection Risk Prediction Model

Objective. To develop and validate a risk prediction model that could identify patients at high risk for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) before they develop disease. Design and Setting. Retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care medical center. Patients. Patients admitted to the hospital for at least 48 hours during the calendar year 2003. Methods. Data were collected electronically from the hospital's Medical Informatics database and analyzed with logistic regression to determine variables that best predicted patients' risk for development of CDI. Model discrimination and calibration were calculated. The model was bootstrapped 500 times to validate the predictive accuracy. A receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to evaluate potential risk cutoffs. Results. A total of 35,350 admitted patients, including 329 with CDI, were studied. Variables in the risk prediction model were age, CDI pressure, times admitted to hospital in the previous 60 days, modified Acute Physiology Score, days of treatment with high-risk antibiotics, whether albumin level was low, admission to an intensive care unit, and receipt of laxatives, gastric acid suppressors, or antimotility drugs. The calibration and discrimination of the model were very good to excellent (C index, 0.88; Brier score, 0.009). Conclusions. The CDI risk prediction model performed well. Further study is needed to determine whether it could be used in a clinical setting to prevent CDI-associated outcomes and reduce costs.
A run-time reconfigurable system for gene-sequence searching

Advances in the field of bio-technology has led to an ever increasing demand for computational resources to rapidly search large databases of genetic information. Databases with billions of data elements are routinely compared and searched for matching and near-matching patterns. We present a system developed to search DNA sequence data using run-time reconfiguration of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The system provides an order of magnitude increase in performance while reducing hardware complexity when compared to existing commercial systems.