Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A data‐driven patient blood management strategy in liver transplantation

Blood utilization during liver transplant has decreased, but remains highly variable due to many complex surgical and physiologic factors. Previous models attempted to predict utilization using preoperative variables to stratify cases into two usage groups, usually using entire blood units for measurement. We sought to develop a practical predictive model using specific transfusion volumes (in ml) to develop a data‐driven patient blood management strategy.
Pricing policy reactions to agglomeration in a market with spatial search

Price dispersion (variation) and agglomeration are common characteristics of spatial markets, in particular, markets with imperfect consumer information and search. However, pricing and location strategies in these markets are not well analyzed since spatial search is difficult to model without restricting the spatial dimension of the problem. This paper analyzes pricing and location strategies in a market with spatid search using a probabilistic modeling strategy that does not restrict search patterns in the plane. Specifically, the analysis considers the pricing strategy of an isolated firm in response to the agglomeration of competing firms. Results indicate that spatial and temporal price dispersion are effective responses to competitors'agglomeration. However, the relative effectiveness of these strategies varies with market conditions. In addition, agglomeration can have some counterintuitive effects. This paper also provides insights into existing theories of spatial search and spatial competition in spatially-restricted (linear and circular) markets.
A VAR Forecasting Model of a Regional Economy: Its Construction and Comparative Accuracy

The usefulness of the vector autoregression (VAR) approach to forecasting regional economies is explored. A VAR model and a Bayesian VAR (BVAR) model of selected New York State economic variables are constructed using monthly data. Their predictions about these variables are compared with ARIMA and transfer function model forecasts. Overall, the accuracy of BVAR matches or exceeds that of the other techniques. Thus, a previous suggestion that BVAR is promising, as a forecasting tool and as a benchmark for regional forecasts, is supported.
A Sparse Auto Encoder Deep Process Neural Network Model and its Application

Aiming at the problem of time-varying signal pattern classification, a sparse auto-encoder deep process neural network (SAE-DPNN) is proposed. The input of SAE-DPNN is time-varying process signal and the output is pattern category. It combines the time-varying signal classification method of process neural network (PNN) and the data feature extraction and hierarchical sparse representation mechanism of sparse automatic encoder (SAE). Based on the feedforward PNN model, SAE-DPNN is constructed by stacking the process neurons, SAE network and softmax classifier. It can maintain the time-sequence and structure of the input signal, express and synthesize the process distribution characteristics of multidimensional time-varying signals and their combinations. SAE-DPNN improves the identification of complex features and distinguishes between different types of signals, realizes the direct classification of time-varying signals. In this paper, the feature extraction and representation mechanism of time-varying signal in SAE-DPNN are analyzed, and a specific learning algorithm is given. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm.
Optimized Transport Properties in Lithium Doped Black Phosphorus Transistors

Achieving low contact resistance is one of the main challenges for black phosphorus (BP) transistors for both electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here we demonstrate a novel yet feasible lithium doping technique, which greatly reduces the contact resistance from 2 to 0.85 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{k}\Omega \cdot \mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and results in more than 2.5 times improvement in output current and ON/OFF ratio. This can be mainly attributed to the high hole doping density by lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide, which results in a narrower carrier injection barrier at the source end. The ON/OFF ratios of BP field-effect transistors with contact doping at 300 and 20 K are 432 and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7.2 \times 10^{5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. A high drain current of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$773~\mu \text{A}/\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.56~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> channel length at 20 K is also demonstrated. The doping technique provides a valid way to improve the overall performance of BP transistors.
Multitask Parsing Across Semantic Representations

The ability to consolidate information of different types is at the core of intelligence, and has tremendous practical value in allowing learning for one task to benefit from generalizations learned for others. In this paper we tackle the challenging task of improving semantic parsing performance, taking UCCA parsing as a test case, and AMR, SDP and Universal Dependencies (UD) parsing as auxiliary tasks. We experiment on three languages, using a uniform transition-based system and learning architecture for all parsing tasks. Despite notable conceptual, formal and domain differences, we show that multitask learning significantly improves UCCA parsing in both in-domain and out-of-domain settings.
Electricity generation coupled with wastewater treatment using a microbial fuel cell composed of a modified cathode with a ceramic membrane and cellulose acetate film.

A noncompartmented microbial fuel cell (NCMFC) composed of a Mn(IV)-carbon plate and a Fe(III)-carbon plate was used for electricity generation from organic wastewater without consumption of external energy. The Fe(III)-carbon plate, coated with a porous ceramic membrane and a semipermeable cellulose acetate film, was used as a cathode, which substituted for the catholyte and cathode. The Mn(IV)-carbon plate was used as an anode without a membrane or film coating. A solar cell connected to the NCMFC activated electricity generation and bacterial consumption of organic matter contained in the wastewater. More than 99 degrees of the organic matter was biochemically oxidized during wastewater flow through the four NCMFC units. A predominant bacterium isolated from the anode surface in both the conventional and the solar cell-linked NCMFC was found to be more than 99 degrees similar to a Mn(II)-oxidizing bacterium and Burkeholderia sp. , based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The isolate reacted electrochemically with the Mn(IV)-modified anode and produced electricity in the NCMFC. After 90 days of incubation, a bacterial species that was enriched on the Mn(IV)-modified anode surface in all of the NCMFC units was found to be very similar to the initially isolated predominant species by comparing 16S rDNA sequences.
Normative atlases of neuroelectric brain activity and connectivity from a large human cohort

Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings from a large normative cohort (n = 619) were processed to extract measures of regional neuroelectric activity. The overall objective of the effort was to use these measures to identify normative human neuroelectric brain function. The aims were (a) to identify and measure the values and range of those neuroelectric properties which are common to the cohort, (b) to identify and measure the values and range of those neuroelectric properties which distinguish one individual from another, and (c) to identify relationships of the measures to properties of the individual, e.g. sex, biological age, and sleep symptoms. It is hoped that comparison of the resultant established norms to measures from recordings of symptomatic individuals will enable advances is our understanding of pathology. MEG recordings during resting and task conditions were provided by The Cambridge (UK) Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience Stage 2 cohort study. Referee consensus processing was used to localize and validate neuroelectric currents, p < 10-12 for each, p < 10-4 for each when corrected for multiple comparisons. Comparisons of regional activity and connectivity within-subjects produced profuse reliable measures detailing differences between individuals, p < 10-8 for each comparison, p < 0.005 for each when corrected for a total of 5 x 105 comparisons. Cohort-wide regional comparisons (p < 10-8 for each) produced profuse measures which were common to the preponderance of individuals, detailing normative commonalities in brain function. Comparisons of regional gray matter (cellular) vs white matter (communication fibers) activity produced robust differences both cohort-wide and for each individual. These results validate the high spatial resolution of the results and establish the unprecedented ability to obtain neuroelectric measures from the white matter.
SBTC versus trade: testing skill-premia evidence across 25 OECD countries

The recent widening of intra-country wage inequality in favour of high-skilled labour has been attributed by some authors to Skill-Biased Technological Change (SBTC) and by others to International Trade (IT) liberalization. As few empirical studies have tried to assess both explanations across a comprehensive sample of countries, we analyse the impact of both explanations within a unified framework and across 25 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. Results suggest that the SBTC (IT) explanation dominates in developed (developing) countries and when intra-country wage inequality is measured by the wage ratio of college-to-lower (upper)-secondary graduates.
The Investment Performance of Common Stocks in Relation to Their Price-Earnings Ratios: An Update of the Basu Study

In this paper, the relationship between the investment performances of equity securities and their price-earnings ratios is examined using an approach similar to the one employed by S. Basu in a 1977 paper. From the tests, the authors conclude that, from 1979 through 1984, there were some moderate excess rates of return earned by selecting stocks based on their price-earnings ratios, but that these excess rates were not obtained from investing in low price-earnings stocks. Copyright 1989 by MIT Press.
Single-Frequency Fiber Amplifiers for Next-Generation Gravitational Wave Detectors

At the beginning of 2016, the first direct detection of a gravitational wave by a laser-based Michelson interferometer has been reported. So far, the number of confirmed detections has raised to three and will certainly increase further. Thereby, mankind has an amazing new tool to observe and study the universe, namely by gravitational wave astronomy. However, in order to develop their full potential, a more sensitive generation of earth-bound gravitational wave detectors will be required in the future. Current detectors are operating with solid-state laser systems at 1064 nm but higher output power levels and longer wavelengths will be required by next-generation detectors. The requirements with respect to the laser sources, e.g., on the beam quality and the linewidth, are very challenging and unique. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that single-frequency fiber amplifiers are a very attractive concept as next-generation gravitational wave detectors laser sources. This paper reviews, highlights, and summarizes the corresponding research results, in particular, regarding power scaling, noise properties, and coherent beam combination.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CONCRETE EXPOSED TO HIGH TEMPERATURE – DAMAGE AND EXPLOSIVE SPALLING

In the present paper a fully coupled three-dimensional thermo-hygro-mechanical model for concrete is discussed and used in the numerical studies. The model is formulated in the framework of continuum mechanics based on the principles of irreversible thermodynamics. Distribution of moisture, pore pressure, temperature, stresses and strains are calculated by employing a three-dimensional transient finite element analysis of implicit type. The mechanical strain, which is due to loading, temperature induced stresses and pore pressure, is calculated by using temperature dependent microplane model for concrete. The application of the model is demonstrated on three numerical examples. In the first degradation of bending resistance of plain concrete beams is studied as a function of temperature, the second demonstrates the influence of high temperature on bending resistance of reinforced concrete beams. It is shown that the model realistically predicts degradation of concrete resistance. Finally, due to the fact that explosive spalling is a local failure phenomenon, the influence of different kind of inhomogeneities is discussed. The local instead global (average) properties govern the explosive spalling. This explains the reason for relative large scatter of experimental results that are related to explosive spalling. The influence of inhomogeneities is illustrated on several numerical examples.
Winning the peace: conflict prevention after a victor's peace in Sri Lanka

How can a relapse into violent conflict be prevented in Sri Lanka? This article examines how the case of Sri Lanka effectively exposes the limitations of the international discourse and practice of conflict prevention. Conflict prevention in Sri Lanka has to take place within a global and domestic context which is largely unaccounted for in the conflict-prevention literature and policy discourse. Changes in the international power balance over the last decade have decreased the room of manoeuvre for actors such as the United States and European Union while giving Asian powers such as China—with a different approach to conflict prevention—more influence over domestic policies in countries like Sri Lanka. Moreover, the conflict prevention discourse and ‘tools’ tend to assume a negotiated peace agreement where the conflict parties have an interest in preventing conflicts rather than merely suppressing them. The significant power asymmetry between the winning and the losing sides in the Sri Lankan conflict, coupled with the lack of power or interest of international actors to influence Sri Lanka's domestic affairs—have rendered ‘conflict prevention’ a tool for continued domination and containment of conflicts. The article further highlights the risks that conflict-prevention measures may exacerbate conflict or undermine other conflict-prevention measures. A number of challenges for conflict prevention—in the areas of (1) demilitarisation/militarisation, (2) political power sharing, (3) justice and reconciliation, and (4) post-war reconstruction and economic development—are addressed.
Evaluation subjective

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Evaluation subjective Michel Grabisch
Computed tomographic evaluation of femoral and tibial conformation in English Staffordshire Bull Terriers with and without congenital medial patellar luxation

Summary Objective: To compare hindlimb conformation of English Staffordshire Bull Terriers with and without medial patellar luxation using computed tomography. Methods: Hindlimb computed tomography (CT) was performed on six English Staffordshire Bull Terriers with grade II or III medial patellar luxation, and six without medial patellar luxation. Inclination angle, femoral condyle trochanteric angle, anteversion angle (AA), distal anteversion angle (DAA), proximal anteversion angle (PAA), femoral varus angle (FVA), tibial valgus angle (TVA), and tibial torsion angle (TTA) were measured. Student’s T-test was conducted to compare normal limbs to limbs with medial patellar luxation, all limbs of dogs with medial patellar luxation to limbs of the control group, and medial patellar luxation affected limbs (normal limbs of unilaterally affected dogs excluded) to the control group. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Two dogs with medial patellar luxation were only affected unilaterally. Limbs of English Staffordshire Bull Terriers with medial patellar luxation had significantly diminished AA and DAA, in addition to decreased TVA. These differences were similar regardless of how the unaffected limbs from affected dogs were treated in our analysis. Discussion and conclusion: Medial patellar luxation in this population of English Staffordshire Bull Terriers was characterized by a decrease in femoral anteversion, external rotation of the femoral diaphysis, and decreased tibial valgus. These findings may help inform clinical decision making when performing osteotomy for treatment of medial patellar luxation in this breed.
Encompassing: Concepts and Implementation

The encompassing principle has been carefully and precisely defined in various contexts, since its first appearance in the 1980s literature in numerous papers by Hendry, Mizon and Richard. Since then, several distinct notions of encompassing have been proposed and still coexist in the literature. We describe, illustrate and connect these notions in this paper. We start with the intuitive properties of exact encompassing between estimated models and compare it with its testable counterpart, approximate encompassing. We examine these notions and their main properties within static and dynamic, parametric and non-parametric, classical and Bayesian models and estimators. Encompassing or the lack of encompassing, is also studied via the concepts of parsimonious and partial encompassing. Pseudo-true values, which are central elements in measuring and testing approximate encompassing, are defined in line with the concept of specificity between models. We also examine the role played by the data generating process in the different approaches in the literature.
The Impact of Korea's Exchange Rate Volatility on Korean Trade

This study uses a GARCH-in-mean model to analyse the impact of Korea's nominal exchange rate volatility on exports and export prices over the current flexible-rate period. The volatility of Korea's won increases the exchange risk of exporters and leads to changes in export volume and price. This paper provides some evidence that nominal exchange rate volatility has had a statistically significant impact on real exports over the current floating-rate period. We show that persistence-in-variance of exchange rates affects the market for exports in Korea. An important result is that the effect of exchange rate volatility on trade variables is shown to be significant. We find that the GARCH conditional variance has a statistically significant impact on the reduced form equations. The magnitude of the effect is generally stronger for export quantities than prices. This result is contradicts that of Kroner and Lastrapes's analysis. This is explained by the fact that Korean exporters choose the strategy of pricing to maintain market share instead of adjusting export prices to reflect exchange rate changes, even when this cuts profit margins.
Determinants of Household Saving in Australia

This paper uses a unique survey of consumers to test several separate but inter-related hypotheses of household saving. Unit records from 17,585 Australian households are available, which enables the incorporation of a range of household characteristics that may be important factors for saving behaviour, but which are not typically available to researchers undertaking macroeconomic analyses. An ordered probit estimation method is used, and the results support the view that current incomes are perhaps the most important determinant of saving. However, it can also be seen that demographics and householders level of economic optimism play a key role.
Autoregulation of retinal blood flow in response to decreased ocular perfusion pressure in cats: comparison of the effects of increased intraocular pressure and systemic hypotension.

PURPOSE To investigate the regulatory mechanisms responsible for autoregulation of retinal blood flow (RBF) during periods of decreased ocular perfusion pressure (OPP). METHODS The effects of acute reductions in OPP on RBF were assessed using laser Doppler velocimetry in cats. The OPP decreased from 90 to 40 mm Hg by increasing the IOP (elevated IOP) or by decreasing the systemic blood pressure via exsanguination (systemic hypotension). The contributions of nitric oxide (NO), adenosine, and/or N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) in regulation of the retinal arteriolar hemodynamics during decreased OPP was determined at 120 minutes after intravitreal injection of various inhibitors or PBS. RESULTS Following PBS injection, the flow velocity decreased in proportion to the decrease in OPP; however, the retinal arteriolar diameter gradually increased. Consequently, the RBF was maintained near baseline levels when the OPP exceeded 70 mm Hg but decreased significantly (P < 0.01) when the OPP fell to less than or equal to 60 mm Hg due to elevated IOP or systemic hypotension. Adenosine receptor blocker 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline, significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced decreases in RBF induced by elevated IOP and systemic hypotension at OPP from 80 to 40 mm Hg, whereas NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester and NMDA receptor antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid only significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced reductions in RBF induced by elevated IOP. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that adenosine contributes to autoregulation of RBF during systemic hypotension, whereas adenosine, NO, and NMDA receptors autoregulate the RBF after elevated IOP. Different vasoregulatory factors might contribute to autoregulation of RBF after decreases in OPP induced by elevated IOP and systemic hypotension.
Stability analysis and controller design for quadratic discrete-time systems with time delay

This study aims at investigating the issues of stability and stabilization for time delay quadratic discrete-time systems. First of all, provided a locally asymptotically stable zero equilibrium point of the quadratic system and some other polytope in the state space containing the origin, a delay-independent sufficient condition judging whether this polytope belongs to the domain of attraction (DA) of the equilibrium is obtained. In the second place, it is also show that this issue is related to the problem of devoting to finding a state feedback law and an admissible initial condition domain so that the resulting closed-loop system is asymptotic stability for every initial condition from the admissible domain. Both the issues referred to above can be solved by a set of linear matrix inequalities. In the end, two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in this paper.