Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Design of an FPGA-Based MIMO Receiver: Algorithmic and Architectural Interactions

A research team at Brigham Young University is currently developing a high-performance, FPGA-based demodulator for detecting a space-time coded signal. The project timeline required that the algorithm be concurrently developed, to a certain extent, with the hardware implementation. Thus, from the outset both algorithm and hardware implementation researchers worked closely together in contrast to the, all too common, three-step development approach (algorithm development, throw-algorithm-over-wall, hardware implementation). In this paper we outline the unique characteristics of the system and then discuss the interaction between algorithm design and architectural implementation. In particular, we focus on two blocks from the system: the carrier frequency offset estimation block and the pilot detector block and show their evolution from their original mathematical formulations to equivalent but greatly simplified hardware implementations.
The value of health professions education: the importance of understanding the learner perspective

Abstract The value of health professions education (HPE), with increasing demand for value resultant on financial constraint, has come under increasing scrutiny. An essential aspect for critical consideration is the extent to which the value ascribed by the learner differs from that of the HPE provider, especially in relation to the learning Methods and assessment of the HPE curriculum. The challenge of reconciling the tensions and differing perspectives of the learners and HPE providers can be met through co-production of the curriculum. The focus of the co-production approach is the recognition of the importance of diversity and social justice.
Trial of a novel endoscopic tattooing biopsy forceps on animal model.

AIM To tattoo gastric mucosa with a novel medical device which could be used to monitor and follow-up gastric mucosal lesions. METHODS Combining endoscopic biopsy with sclerotherapy injection, we designed a new device that could perform biopsy and injection simultaneously. We performed endoscopies on a pig by using a novel endoscope tattoo biopsy forceps for 15 mo. At the same time, we used two-step method combining sclerotherapy injection needle with endoscopic biopsy. The acuity, inflammation and duration of endoscopy were compared between two methods. RESULTS Compared with the old two-step method, although the inflammation induced by our new device was similar, the duration of procedure was markedly decreased and the acuity of tattooing was better than the old two-step method. All characteristics of the novel device complied with national safety guidelines. Follow-up gastroscopy after 15 mo showed the stained site with injection of 1:100 0.5 mL of India ink was still markedly visible with little inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSION Endoscopic tattooing biopsy forceps can be widely used in monitoring precancerous lesions. Its safety and effectiveness has been established in animals.
Espectroscopía ATR-FTIR de celulosa: aspecto instrumental y tratamiento matemático de espectros

La celulosa es uno de los compuestos mas abundantes de la naturaleza, y tiene una gran variedad de aplicaciones industriales, por lo que ocupa un lugar destacado en el ambito de los productos forestales; sin embargo, su analisis es una labor complicada, debido a su estructura supramolecular. Entre las tecnicas que se utilizan para estudiar este carbohidrato se encuentra la espectroscopia FTIR de reflectancia total atenuada (ATR-FTIR), que permite analizar la muestra directamente, sin tratamiento previo, y lo mas importante, sin molerla para elaborar pastillas de KBr. De esta manera es posible obtener espectros de celulosa, que siguen presentando el problema de la espectroscopia FTIR convencional: hay traslape de bandas, lo que dificulta la caracterizacion. Esta situacion puede superarse mediante el tratamiento matematico de los espectros, concretamente con la deconvolucion. Se encontro que los mejores parametros para este proceso son gamma = 5.00 y una longitud de 85%, que al aplicarse a la region de grupos OH (3600 a 3200 cm-1) muestra bandas que permiten distinguir entre muestras cristalinas (3305 cm-1) de las que presentan una estructura menos ordenada (3485 cm-1).
Impulse Response Optimization of Band-Limited Frequency Data for Hybrid Field-Circuit Simulation of Large-Scale Energy-Selective Diode Grids

Recently, large-scale diode grids have received much attention with regard to spatial electromagnetic (EM) field protection of electronic systems. The distributed nature of diode grids and the large number of elements (usually hundreds or even more) pose a challenging problem for numerical modeling. In this paper, a hybrid field-circuit simulation combining the method of moments and a causal convolution technique is proposed for transient analysis of such diode grids. Emphasis is put on the treatment of causality and passivity violations caused by incorporation of a frequency-dependent distributed multiport network into a circuit solver. Specifically, when considering a large-scale multiport network, an enhanced causal correction approach with minor passivity violations is proposed to improve the simulation accuracy and stability. For validation, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{3} \times \text{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{9} \times \text{9}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> grid arrays excited by incident fields are investigated, and the results provided by the proposed method are compared to the simulation results of commercial software. Furthermore, an EM application example with a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{15} \times \text{15}$</tex-math></inline-formula> diode grid is demonstrated. The simulations show a field-intensity-dependent transmission of diode grids which is suitable, e.g., for EM protection of communication systems with sensitive electronics.
Isoflurane Produces Sustained Cardiac Protection after Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Mice

Background: Isoflurane reduces myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury within hours to days of reperfusion. Whether isoflurane produces sustained cardiac protection has never been examined. The authors studied isoflurane-induced cardiac protection in the intact mouse after 2 h and 2 weeks of reperfusion and determined the dependence of this protection on adenosine triphosphate–dependent potassium channels and the relevance of this protection to myocardial function and apoptosis. Methods: Mice were randomly assigned to receive oxygen or isoflurane for 30 min with 15 min of washout. Some mice received mitochondrial (5-hydroxydecanoic acid) or sarcolemmal (HMR-1098) adenosine triphosphate–dependent potassium channel blockers with or without isoflurane. Mice were then subjected to a 30-min coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h or 2 weeks of reperfusion. Infarct size was determined at 2 h and 2 weeks of reperfusion. Cardiac function and apoptosis were determined 2 weeks after reperfusion. Results: Isoflurane did not change hemodynamics. Isoflurane reduced infarct size after reperfusion when compared with the control groups (27.7 ± 6.3 vs. 41.7 ± 6.4% at 2 h and 19.6 ± 5.9 vs. 28.8 ± 9.0% at 2 weeks). Previous administration of 5-hydroxydecanoic acid, but not HMR-1098, abolished isoflurane-induced cardiac protection. At 2 weeks, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was decreased significantly and end-systolic pressure and maximum and minimum dP/dt were improved by isoflurane. Isoflurane-treated mice subjected to ischemia and 2 weeks of reperfusion showed less expression of proapoptotic genes, significantly decreased expression of cleaved caspase-3, and significantly decreased deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling–positive nuclei compared with the control group. Conclusions: Cardiac protection induced by isoflurane against necrotic and apoptotic cell death is associated with an acute memory period that is sustained and functionally relevant 2 weeks after ischemia–reperfusion injury in mice in vivo.
Mechanism of glass-frit fracture in MEMS packaging

Micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) are an emerging technology that may fundamentally affect every aspect of our lives. They are devices and machines fabricated using techniques generally used in the microelectronics industry and the next decades will see the incorporation of new types of functionality onto the chip with the rapid improvement of processing techniques. The small scales of MEMS offers the opportunity to exploit materials which would not normally be available for large scale devices as well as taking advantage of scale dependent properties, particularly yield and fracture strength. All MEMS product face the challenge and expense of packaging the product. Wafer bonding is widely used in MEMS to create cavities and glass frit bonding is a widely used technology for the hermetical encapsulation of MEMS. In this paper we will mainly focus on the instant failure of the bonding material and the influence of molding pressure induced stress on the strength of the bonding layer at the molding temperature. At the same time, the detailed numerical simulation will be generated with the consideration of the copper trace pattern, solder mask opening and solder mask protrusion from the real circuit drawing file. Finally, the effect of substrate design on glass-frit crack is considered by comparing the stress distribution on glass-frit with two different substrate designs.
Web engineering: a new emerging discipline

Web engineering, an emerging new discipline, advocates a process and a systematic approach to development of high quality Web based systems. In contrast the commercial practice still remains ad-hoc. Although the Web based systems has become increasingly complex, the development process is still un-engineered. "There are very few standard methods for the Web developers to use. Hence, there is a strong need to understand and undertake Web engineering ". (Y. Deshpande and M. Gaedke, 2005) This paper is a result of our extensive survey of literature, our work and interaction with developers. This paper gives an introductory overview on Web engineering, it assesses similarities and differences between development of traditional software and Web based systems, and reviews some of the ongoing work in this area. We discuss the need for development of process model for Web based applications (WBA). such as is available far conventional software, with an overview of our work on development of such a process framework (R. Ahmad, et al, 2005). This paper also attempts to highlight the areas that need further study.
Design, measurement and evaluation for PLL application of a wideband MEMS phase detector

This paper presents a developed integrated study of the design, measurement and the application potential in phase locked loop (PLL) of a wideband MEMS phase detector. Cascaded transmission lines are adopted to realize wideband performance. Design equations are derived based on even/odd-mode analysis. Optimized structure is obtained by ANSYS simulation. The measurements focus on phase detection for large signals. The increase of the detection sensitivity tends to flatten out with the input going up to 1W. Wideband property is verified by frequency dependent measurement. Equivalent circuit modeling is proposed to study the PLL application of the phase detector. Synchronization and tracking properties are revealed.
N‐Acetylaspartate, a marker of both cellular dysfunction and neuronal loss: its relevance to studies of acute brain injury

To evaluate the contribution of cellular dysfunction and neuronal loss to brain N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) depletion, NAA was measured in brain tissue by HPLC and UV detection in rats subjected to cerebral injury, associated or not with cell death. When lesion was induced by intracarotid injection of microspheres, the fall in NAA was related to the degree of embolization and to the severity of brain oedema. When striatal lesion was induced by local injection of malonate, the larger the lesion volume, the higher the NAA depletion. However, reduction of brain oedema and striatal lesion by treatment with the lipophilic iron chelator dipyridyl (20 mg/kg, 1 h before and every 8 h after embolization) and the inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg given 1 h before malonate and then every 9 h), respectively, failed to ameliorate the fall in NAA. Moreover, after systemic administration of 3‐nitropropionic acid, a marked reversible fall in NAA striatal content was observed despite the lack of tissue necrosis. Overall results show that cellular dysfunction can cause higher reductions in NAA level than neuronal loss, thus making of NAA quantification a potential tool for visualizing the penumbra area in stroke patients.
A randomized trial of individual versus group-format exercise and self-management in individuals with Parkinson’s disease and comorbid depression

Background Depression is common in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and exercise is known to improve depression and PD. However, lack of motivation and low self-efficacy can make exercise difficult for people with PD and comorbid depression (PD-Dep). A combined group exercise and chronic disease self-management (CDSM) program may improve the likeli-hood that individuals will engage in exercise and will show a reduction in depression symptoms. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in depression in PD-Dep between individual versus group exercise plus CDSM and to examine participant adherence and perception of the interventions. Methods Participants (N=30) were randomized to either Enhanced EXerCisE thErapy for PD (EXCEED; group CDSM and exercise) or self-guided CDSM plus exercise. Outcomes were change in depression assessed with the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), cognition, apathy, anxiety, sleep, quality of life, motor function, self-efficacy, and patient satisfaction. Results Both groups showed significant improvement in MADRS (P<0.001) with no significant group difference. Individuals in EXCEED group enjoyed the group dynamics but noted difficulty with the fixed-time sessions. Conclusion Both group CDSM plus exercise and self-guided CDSM plus exercise can improve depression in PD-Dep. These findings suggest that development of a remotely delivered group-based CDSM format plus manualized exercise program could be useful for this population.
Demand-Aware Network Function Placement

Network function virtualization is an emerging network resource utilization approach which decouples network functions from proprietary hardware and enables adaptive services to end-user requests. To accommodate the network function requests, network function instances are created and deployed at runtime. In this paper, we study a network virtualization scheme to orchestrate and manage networking and network function services. We propose an integrated design for network function instance allocation and end-to-end demand realization sharing the same physical substrate network and demonstrate that the corresponding network design problem is NP complete. A mixed-integer programming formulation is proposed first to find its optimal solution, followed by a two-player pure-strategy game model which captures the competition on physical resources between network function instance allocation and routing. We then design an algorithm based on iterative weakly dominated elimination in Game Theory. Computational results demonstrate the value of the integrated approach and its ability to allocate network function instances supporting end-to-end requests with limited physical resources in optical networks.
Application of tissue microarray technology to the study of non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The immunohistochemical analysis of lymphoid neoplasms has led to refined classification schemes based on the profile of antigen expression and correlation with morphological, cytogenetic, molecular, and clinical features. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) are a powerful tool to rapidly characterize the phenotypic profile of a large number of samples. We show that this technique can be readily applied to the study of lymphoma by examining the expression profile of a series of 193 B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) and 29 Hodgkin's lymphomas (HLs) using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH). The NHL cases were studied for the expression of commonly used markers-including CD3, CD5, CD10, CD20, CD23, CD30, CD43, Bcl-2, and cyclin D1 by immunohistochemical staining of TMAs-and these results were compared with whole sections (WS) of the same cases. We found a high degree of correlation between the results achieved with TMAs or WS (86% to 100% of cases). P53 and MIB-1 staining were studied, and the results were similar to that reported in the literature. HL cases were stained for CD20, CD30, CD15 (LeuM1), and latent membrane protein 1 expression, and ISH was performed using probes for EBER-1 and-2 transcripts. The results from HL cases on TMA sections matched exactly with those of WS. We correlated cytogenetic results with immunohistochemical stains and morphology in cases of mantle cell lymphoma [t(11;14)(q13;q32)] and follicular lymphoma [t(14;18)(q32;q24)]. This extensive expression profile of B-cell NHLs and HL tissues discloses the ability of TMAs to rapidly screen a large series of cases and represents the first report of method validation for this technique in the study of lymphoma.
Content Agnostic Malware Detection in Networks

Bots are the root cause of many security problems on the Internet - they send spam, steal information from infected machines, and perform distributed denial of service attacks. Given their security impact, it is not surprising that a large number of techniques have been proposed that aim to detect and mitigate bots, both network-based and host-based approaches. Detecting bots at the network-level has a number of advantages over host based solutions, as it allows for the efficient analysis of a large number of hosts without the need for any end point installation. Currently, network-based botnet detection techniques often target the command and control traffic between the bots and their botmaster. Moreover, a significant majority of these techniques are based on the analysis of packet payloads. The proposed approaches range from simple pattern matching against signatures to structural analysis of command and control communication. Unfortunately, deep packet inspection is rendered increasingly ineffective as malware authors start to use obfuscated or encrypted command and control connections. This thesis presents BotFinder, a novel system that can detect individual, malware-infected hosts in a network, based solely on the statistical patterns of the network traffic they generate, without relying on content analysis. BotFinder uses machine learning techniques to identify the key features of command and control communications, based on observing traffic that bots produce in a controlled environment. Using these features, BotFinder creates models that can be deployed at edge routers to identify infected hosts. The system was trained on several different bot families and evaluated on real-worldtraffic datasets - most notably, the NetFlow information of a large ISP that contains more than 25 billion flows, which correspond to approximately half a Petabyte of network traffic. The results show that BotFinder achieves high detection rates with very low false positives.
MDCT evaluation of the coronary arteries, 2004: how we do it--data acquisition, postprocessing, display, and interpretation.

OBJECTIVE Cardiac CT is rapidly becoming part of clinical practice. The objective of this article is to discuss and illustrate the current practice of coronary artery MDCT, including data acquisition, postprocessing, image display, and interpretation. The practice described reflects our experience with a series of patients referred in routine clinical practice. CONCLUSION The reader should gain an insight into the current clinical application of coronary artery CT.
Binding of a major T cell epitope of mycobacteria to a specific pocket within HLA‐DRw17(DR3) molecules

CD4+ T cells recognize antigenic peptides bound to the polymorphic peptide‐binding site of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. The polymorphism of this site is thought to dictate which peptides can be bound and thus presented to the T cell receptor. The mycobacterial 65‐kDa heat‐shock protein (hsp65) peptide 3‐13 is an important T cell epitope: it is immunodominant in the mycobacterium‐specific T cell response of HLA‐DR3+ individuals but, interestingly cannot be recognized in the context of any other HLA‐DR molecules. We, therefore, have tested whether the hsp65 epitope p3‐13 is selected for T cell recognition in the context of only HLA‐DR3 molecules by an unique binding specificity for HLA‐DR3. Using biotinylated peptides and EBV‐transformed BLCL comprising all known HLA class II specificities, we find that p3‐13 binds to HLA‐DRw17(DR3) but not to any other HLA‐DR molecule. Conversely, a control peptide p307‐319 influenza hemagglutinin binds to all known HLA‐DR molecules but only weakly to HLA‐DRw17 and HLA‐DR9. Peptide binding could be inhibited by excess unbiotinylated competitor analogue as well as by anti‐DR monoclonal antibodies but not by anti‐class I‐, anti‐DP‐ or anti‐DQ monoclonal antibodies.
Sense of mastery differences between working-age Swedish- and Finnish-speaking Finns: a population-based study

Aim: To examine the probability of a high sense of mastery in a population-representative sample of working-age people and to study the differences in mastery between Finnish-speaking and Swedish-speaking Finns in particular. Methods: The data originates from the Western Finland Mental Health Surveys (2008–2014). Associations between sense of mastery and language groups were analyzed with logistic regressions. Results: Swedish-speaking Finns have a higher sense of mastery and the association is mediated by social support. Moreover, a difference in a high sense of mastery is found between Swedish- and Finnish-speaking married women that are outside the labor market. Conclusions: Our findings imply that Finnish-speaking women that are outside the labor market, e.g. on maternity leave or taking care of the household, should be recognized in health and social care services as a group that can benefit from additional support.
Significance tests for comparing speech recognizer performance using small test sets

Speech recognition resea.rchers must often cmnpa.re the perfor ma.nce of two recognizers or dassifiers. In particula.r, they must assess the sta.tistica. l significa.nce of any differences exhibited in the performa.nce of two algorithms. Gillick a.nd Cox [1] ha.ve ad dressed this issue and proposed using McNema.r's test to compa.re recognizer performa.nce. This test is ba.sed on the da.ssifica. tion decisions ma.de by ea.ch recognizer. In this pa.per, we propose several significa.nce tests ba.sed on the confidence Ievel the rec ognizer a.s well. In pa.rticula. r, we consider palred versions of the sign test, the signed-rank test and the t-test using as sta.tistics the log proba.hility assigned to the correct dass a.nd the difference in log proba.bilities between the correct dass a.nd the highest-scoring dass besides the correct dass. We show tha.t for a. phoneme recog nition task involving over 2000 frica.tives excised from continuous speech, the retention of this informa.tion yields a.lm·ger proba.bility of obta.ining sta.tistically signfica.nt results tha.n does McNemar's test for a. test set of a. given size.