Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
More than relevance: high utility query recommendation by mining users' search behaviors

Query recommendation plays a critical role in helping users' search. Most existing approaches on query recommendation aim to recommend relevant queries. However, the ultimate goal of query recommendation is to assist users to reformulate queries so that they can accomplish their search task successfully and quickly. Only considering relevance in query recommendation is apparently not directly toward this goal. In this paper, we argue that it is more important to directly recommend queries with high utility, i.e., queries that can better satisfy users' information needs. For this purpose, we propose a novel generative model, referred to as Query Utility Model (QUM), to capture query utility by simultaneously modeling users' reformulation and click behaviors. The experimental results on a publicly released query log show that, our approach is more effective in helping users find relevant search results and thus satisfying their information needs.
Preoperative Prognostic Value of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI–Derived Contrast Transfer Coefficient and Plasma Volume in Patients with Cerebral Gliomas

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The prognostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging–derived plasma volume obtained in tumor and the contrast transfer coefficient has not been well-established in patients with gliomas. We determined whether plasma volume and contrast transfer coefficient in tumor correlated with survival in patients with gliomas in addition to other factors such as age, type of surgery, preoperative Karnofsky score, contrast enhancement, and histopathologic grade. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 46 patients with a new pathologically confirmed diagnosis of glioma. The contrast transfer coefficient and plasma volume obtained in tumor maps were calculated directly from the signal-intensity curve without T1 measurements, and values were obtained from multiple small ROIs placed within tumors. Survival curve analysis was performed by dichotomizing patients into groups of high and low contrast transfer coefficient and plasma volume. Univariate analysis was performed by using dynamic contrast-enhanced parameters and clinical factors. Factors that were significant on univariate analysis were entered into multivariate analysis. RESULTS: For all patients with gliomas, survival was worse for groups of patients with high contrast transfer coefficient and plasma volume obtained in tumor (P < .05). In subgroups of high- and low-grade gliomas, survival was worse for groups of patients with high contrast transfer coefficient and plasma volume obtained in tumor (P < .05). Univariate analysis showed that factors associated with lower survival were age older than 50 years, low Karnofsky score, biopsy-only versus resection, marked contrast enhancement versus no/mild enhancement, high contrast transfer coefficient, and high plasma volume obtained in tumor (P < .05). In multivariate analysis, a low Karnofsky score, biopsy versus resection in combination with marked contrast enhancement, and a high contrast transfer coefficient were associated with lower survival rates (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with glioma, those with a high contrast transfer coefficient have lower survival than those with low parameters.
Changes in Levels of Intermediates of the C(4) Cycle and Reductive Pentose Phosphate Pathway during Induction of Photosynthesis in Maize Leaves.

Changes in the level of metabolites of the C(4) cycle and reductive pentose phosphate (RPP) pathway were measured simultaneously with induction of photosynthesis in maize (Zea mays L.) to evaluate what may limit carbon assimilation during induction in a C(4) plant.After 20 minutes in the dark, there was an immediate rise in photosynthesis during the first 30 seconds of illumination, followed by a gradual rise approaching steady-state rate after 20 minutes of illumination. Among metabolites of the C(4) cycle, there was a net increase in the level of C(3) compounds (the sum of pyruvate, alanine, and phosphoenolpyruvate) during the first 30 seconds of illumination, while there was a net decrease in the level of C(4) acids (malate plus aspartate). The total level of metabolites of the C(4) cycle underwent a sharp increase during this period. At the same time, there was a sharp rise in the level of intermediates of the RPP pathway (ribulose-1,5-bis-phosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate, dihydroxyacetonephosphate, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate) during the first minute of illumination. The net increase of carbon among intermediates of the C(4) cycle and RPP pathway was far above that of carbon input from CO(2) fixation, and the increase in intermediates of the RPP pathway could not be accounted for by decarboxylation of C(4) acids, suggesting that an endogenous source of carbon supplies the cycles. After 3 minutes of illumination there was a gradual rise in the levels of intermediates of the C(4) cycle and in the total level of metabolites measured in the RPP pathway. This rise in metabolite levels occurs as photosynthesis gradually increases and may be required for carbon assimilation to reach maximum rates in C(4) plants. This latter stage of inductive autocatalysis through the RPP pathway may contribute to the final buildup of these intermediates.
New Assessment Criteria for Clustering Algorithms

Clustering algorithms offer several advantages over a manual grouping processes. Yet, the initial and random guess of most clustering algorithms, along with noise and outliers, affect the reliability of their results. In this paper, new clustering performance measures (CPM) for assessing the reliability of a clustering algorithm are proposed. In this paper, two parameters are used to define clustering performance measures - the first is the validation measure, which is used for determining how well the algorithm works at a given set of parameter values, and the second is a repeatability measure, which is used for studying the effect of initial conditions on the clusters membership. Furthermore, these CPMs can be used to evaluate clustering algorithms. Two different types of real-world data are used for such an evaluation procedure. The first is a communications signal data set representing one modulation scheme under noise condition, and the second is a breast cancer data set
Inter-user interference in Body Sensor Networks: A case study in moderate-scale deployment in hospital environment

Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) enable continuous and remote health monitoring in medical applications. In realistic deployments, inter-user interference is the major cause that deteriorates reliable data transmissions in BSNs when multiple BSNs are transmitting simultaneously in close proximity to one another. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of BSNs in terms of Packet Error Rate (PER) in the presence of such inter-user interference. Our study considers multiple factors that affect the BSN performance, including BSN density, traffic load, and transmission power in a realistic moderate-scale deployment case in hospital. Our results show that with 20% duty cycle, only 68.5% of data transmission can achieve the targeted reliability requirement (PER<;0.05) even in the off-peak period. We then suggest inter-user interference mitigation schemes based on the performance results in specific BSN deployment scenarios.
VR TELEROBOT SYSTEM

Robots are mechanical arms that perform physical actions on their environment; they are characterized by flexibility (versatility), as a given robot can execute a variety of tasks or execute a given task in a variety of ways. Robots can be “intelligent” or self-adapting, so they can react to changes in the environment and take corrective actions in order to perform their tasks successfully [3]. Robots that have these attributes are usually used in manufacturing. However, robots are also used in unstructured environments such as remote maintenance or in areas hazardous to human health. This means that the robot has to be controlled via teleoperation. One Technological breakthroughs have allowed automation to replace many jobs that are repetitive in nature. However, there are many tasks that are non-repetitive, unpredictable and hazardous to human health. These tasks have to be performed by a remote manipulator, otherwise known as a telerobot. Telerobotics refers to the use of robots “at a distance”.
Lane detection using color-based segmentation

Lane boundary detection is the problem of estimating the geometric structure of the lane boundaries of a road on the images captured by a camera. To be an intelligent vehicle, lane boundary is necessary information, so the system and the algorithm should be as simple and fast as possible. In this paper, we propose a new method based on color information and this method is applicable in complex environment. In this system, we first choose a region of interest to find out a threshold using statistical method in a color image. The threshold then will be used to distinguish possible lane boundary from the road. We use color-based segmentation to find out the lane boundary and use a quadratic function to approach it. This system demands low computational power and memory requirements, and is robust in the presence of noise, shadows, pavement, and obstacles such like cars, motorcycles and pedestrians conditions. The result images can be used as pre-processed images for lane tracking, road following or obstacle detection.
Modeling and Control of UAV Bearing Formations with Bilateral High-level Steering

In this paper we address the problem of controlling the motion of a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) bound to keep a formation defined in terms of only relative angles (i.e. a bearing formation). This problem can naturally arise within the context of several multi-robot applications such as, e.g. exploration, coverage, and surveillance. First, we introduce and thoroughly analyze the concept and properties of bearing formations, and provide a class of minimally linear sets of bearings sufficient to uniquely define such formations. We then propose a bearing-only formation controller requiring only bearing measurements, converging almost globally, and maintaining bounded inter-agent distances despite the lack of direct metric information. The controller still leaves the possibility of imposing group motions tangent to the current bearing formation. These can be either autonomously chosen by the robots because of any additional task (e.g. exploration), or exploited by an assisting human co-operator. For this latter ‘human-in-the-loop’ case, we propose a multi-master/multi-slave bilateral shared control system providing the co-operator with some suitable force cues informative of the UAV performance. The proposed theoretical framework is extensively validated by means of simulations and experiments with quadrotor UAVs equipped with onboard cameras. Practical limitations, e.g. limited field-of-view, are also considered.
UL27.5 Is a Novel γ2 Gene Antisense to the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Gene Encoding Glycoprotein B

ABSTRACT An antibody made against the herpes simplex virus 1 US5 gene predicted to encode glycoprotein J was found to react strongly with two proteins, one with an apparent M r of 23,000 and mapping in the S component and one with a herpes simplex virus protein with an apparent M r of 43,000. The antibody also reacted with herpes simplex virus type 2 proteins forming several bands with apparent M rs ranging from 43,000 to 50,000. Mapping studies based on intertypic recombinants, analyses of deletion mutants, and ultimately, reaction of the antibody with a chimeric protein expressed by in-frame fusion of the glutathione S-transferase gene to an open reading frame antisense to the gene encoding glycoprotein B led to the definitive identification of the new open reading frame, designated UL27.5. Sequence analyses indicate the conservation of a short amino acid sequence common to US5 and UL27.5. The coding sequence of the herpes simplex virus UL27.5 open reading frame is strongly homologous to the sequence encoding the carboxyl terminus of the herpes simplex virus 2 UL27.5 sequence. However, both open reading frames could encode proteins predicted to be significantly larger than the mature UL27.5 proteins accumulating in the infected cells, indicating that these are either processed posttranslationally or synthesized from alternate, nonmethionine-initiating codons. The UL27.5 gene expression is blocked by phosphonoacetate, indicating that it is a γ2 gene. The product accumulated predominantly in the cytoplasm. UL27.5 is the third open reading frame found to map totally antisense to another gene and suggests that additional genes mapping antisense to known genes may exist.
Annotating Gene Functions by Spectral Clustering for Combining Gene Expressions and Sequences

Annotating gene functions is a fundamental issue in the post-genomic era. A typical procedure for this issue is first clustering genes and then assigning functions of unknown genes by using known genes in the same cluster. A lot of genomic information are available for this issue, but two major types of data which can be measured for any genes are microarray expressions and sequences, both of which however have their own flaws. Thus a natural and promising approach for gene annotation is to combine these two data sources. We developed an efficient gene annotation method with three steps containing spectral clustering over the integrated clustering cost for each data source. We examined the performance of our proposed method from viewpoints of clustering and annotations. All experimental results indicate our performance advantage over possible clustering/classification-based approaches of gene function annotation, using expressions and/or sequences.
Modeling mercury biomagnification (South River, Virginia, USA) to inform river management decision making

Mercury trophic transfer in the South River (VA, USA) was modeled to guide river remediation decision making. Sixteen different biota types were collected at six sites within 23 river miles. Mercury biomagnification was modeled using a general biomagnification model based on δ15N and distance from the historic mercury release. Methylmercury trophic transfer was clearer than that for total Hg and, therefore, was used to build the predictive model (r2 prediction = 0.76). The methylmercury biomagnification factors were similar among sites, but model intercept did increase with distance down river. Minimum Akaike's Information Criterion Estimation (MAICE) justified the incorporation of distance in the model. A model with a very similar biomagnification factor to the South River (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.38–0.52) was produced for a second contaminated Virginia river, the North Fork Holston River (95% CI = 0.41–0.55). Percent of total Hg that was methylmercury increased monotonically with trophic position. Trophic models based on δ15N were adequate for predicting changes in mercury concentrations in edible fish under different remediation scenarios. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1013–1020. © 2010 SETAC
Transcranial ultrasound imaging with speed of sound-based phase correction: a numerical study

This paper presents a numerical study for ultrasound transcranial imaging. To correct for the phase aberration from the skull, two critical steps are needed prior to brain imaging. In the first step, the skull shape and speed of sound are acquired by either CT scans or ultrasound scans. In the ultrasound scan approach, phased array and double focusing technique are utilized, which are able to estimate the thickness of the skull with a maximum error of around 10% and the average speed of sound in the skull is underestimated by less than 2%. In the second step, the fast marching method is used to compute the phase delay based on the known skull shape and sound speed from the first step, and the computation can be completed in seconds for 2D problems. The computed phase delays are then used in combination with the conventional delay-and-sum algorithm for generating B-mode images. Images of wire phantoms with CT or ultrasound scan-based phase correction are shown to have much less artifact than the ones without correction. Errors of deducing speed of sound from CT scans are also discussed regarding its effect on the transcranial ultrasound images. Assuming the speed of sound grows linearly with the density, this study shows that, the CT-based phase correction approach can provide clear images of wire phantoms even if the speed of sound is overestimated by 400 m s−1, or the linear coefficient is overestimated by 40%. While in this study, ultrasound scan-based phase correction performs almost equally well with the CT-based approach, potential problems are identified and discussed.
Adult attachment and single vs. partnered relationship status in Polish university students

This study examined links between adult attachment and relationship status (single vs. partnered) in Polish young adults. Three hundred and seventeen participants (173 females and 144 males) aged 22-27 years (M=24.69, SD=1.87), completed the Polish-language version of the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) used to measure adult attachment. All the respondents were heterosexual, unmarried and had no children. One hundred and fifty seven (49.50%) students declared being in a romantic relationship at the time of the assessment whilst 160 students (50.50%) were not. Results indicated that single participants reported higher levels of worry about being rejected or unloved (Anxiety dimension) and lower levels of comfort with closeness (Close dimension) and comfort with depending on others (Depend dimension). In terms of attachment categories, analyses indicated that higher proportions of single participants were categorized into fearful and preoccupied attachment styles and a lower proportion of them were categorized into the secure attachment style compared to partnered individuals. Discriminant analysis revealed that worry of being rejected or unloved (Anxiety dimension) was the strongest factor discriminating between single and partnered relationship status: the higher the anxiety dimension scores, the higher the chances of being single. No gender differences were obtained on attachment dimensions and styles.
The Future of Engineering Work - Increasing Flexibility in Work Content, Environment and Processes

This article presents an exploratory study of the trends affecting engineering work in the future, and their implications for managing engineering processes within companies. In many industries, the future workplace will be significantly different from that of today, changing the content of the work, the working environment and the way we work. In this study the effects of these workplace changes are discussed, based on both literature and practical experiences, from an engineering point of view as an example of highly knowledge-intensive work, and further research needs are identified.
Personalizing current affairs without becoming tabloid

The television programme Australian Story is located in the News and Current Affairs section of the Australian public broadcaster, yet it does not follow a conventional current affairs format. Each week, it presents a personal profile of either a high-profile or an ordinary Australian, and it does so without the on-screen presence of an interviewer. The paper argues that this more documentary approach represents a feminizing of the current affairs format rather than a shift into a tabloid approach. It considers a number of examples to demonstrate the persistence of themes such as altruism, perseverance and the importance of family, but also human weakness. It demonstrates that Australian Story is able to operate as a current affairs programme both by augmenting contemporary news coverage and being a rich site for working through a range of issues.
Pathogenetic importance and therapeutic implications of NF‐κB in lymphoid malignancies

Summary: Derangement of the nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) pathway initiates and/or sustains many types of human cancer. B‐cell malignancies are particularly affected by oncogenic mutations, translocations, and copy number alterations affecting key components the NF‐κB pathway, most likely owing to the pervasive role of this pathway in normal B cells. These genetic aberrations cause tumors to be ‘addicted’ to NF‐κB, which can be exploited therapeutically. Since each subtype of lymphoid cancer utilizes different mechanisms to activate NF‐κB, several different therapeutic strategies are needed to address this pathogenetic heterogeneity. Fortunately, a number of drugs that block signaling cascades leading to NF‐κB are in early phase clinical trials, several of which are already showing activity in lymphoid malignancies.
Industrial Compliance with Social Legislation: Investigations of Decision Rationales

A model of compliance behavior and a research paradigm for testing the model's validity in organizational settings are presented. The model seeks to determine whether compliance decisions are based on normative or calculative criteria and whether such rationales are individual or organizational in origin. Studies that have tested the model are reviewed. They provide support for the general approach and also insight into specific legislation decision rationales.
The self as a system of multilevel interacting mechanisms

This paper proposes an account of the self as a multilevel system consisting of social, individual, neural, and molecular mechanisms. It argues that the functioning of the self depends on causal relations between mechanisms operating at different levels. In place of reductionist and holistic approaches to cognitive science, I advocate a method of multilevel interacting mechanisms. This method is illustrated by showing how self-concepts operate at several different levels.
Intelligent legged climbing service robot for remote maintenance applications in hazardous environments

Wheeled-tracked vehicles are mainly suitable for relatively flat terrain. Legged-vehicles, on the other hand, have the potential to handle wide variety of terrain. Robug IIs is a legged climbing robot designed to work in relatively unstructured and rough terrain. It has the capability of walking, climbing vertical surfaces and performing autonomous floor to wall transfer. The sensing technique used in Robug IIs is mainly tactile and ultrasonic sensing. A set of reflexive rules has been developed for the robot to r t-holds. ©
A concept of UAV indoor navigation system based on magnetic field measurements

This paper presents a conception of an indoor positioning system for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The measurement of magnetic field is a main source of information required to estimate a position of the platform. It is a parameter which can be measured with affordable sensors and is easy to obtain. In order to use acquired data, a magnetic field map of the specified environment should be previously determined. Thus, a few ideas of using this information were elaborated. First of all, dedicated hardware had to be designed to implement the method. In this process, a multipurpose measurement system was developed. The measurement system consists of three axis digital magnetometers and battery powered microprocessor system with SD memory card and LCD display. The module was installed on the specially designed chassis that enable testing on 3 different heights. The verification tests were performed in designated room, where permanent magnets were used to modify local magnetic field that could work as beacons.
A QoS-Enabled On-Die Interconnect Fabric for Kilo-Node Chips

To meet rapidly growing performance demands and energy constraints, future chips will likely feature thousands of on-die resources. Existing network-on-chip solutions weren't designed for scalability and will be unable to meet future interconnect demands. A hybrid network-on-chip architecture called Kilo-NoC co-optimizes topology, flow control, and quality of service to achieve significant gains in efficiency.