Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness and safety of intranasal and intramuscular naloxone for the treatment of suspected heroin overdose.

AIMS Traditionally, the opiate antagonist naloxone has been administered parenterally; however, intranasal (i.n.) administration has the potential to reduce the risk of needlestick injury. This is important when working with populations known to have a high prevalence of blood-borne viruses. Preliminary research suggests that i.n. administration might be effective, but suboptimal naloxone solutions were used. This study compared the effectiveness of concentrated (2 mg/ml) i.n. naloxone to intramuscular (i.m.) naloxone for suspected opiate overdose. METHODS This randomized controlled trial included patients treated for suspected opiate overdose in the pre-hospital setting. Patients received 2 mg of either i.n. or i.m. naloxone. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who responded within 10 minutes of naloxone treatment. Secondary outcomes included time to adequate response and requirement for supplementary naloxone. Data were analysed using multivariate statistical techniques. RESULTS A total of 172 patients were enrolled into the study. Median age was 29 years and 74% were male. Rates of response within 10 minutes were similar: i.n. naloxone (60/83, 72.3%) compared with i.m. naloxone (69/89, 77.5%) [difference: -5.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -18.2 to 7.7]. No difference was observed in mean response time (i.n.: 8.0, i.m.: 7.9 minutes; difference 0.1, 95% CI -1.3 to 1.5). Supplementary naloxone was administered to fewer patients who received i.m. naloxone (i.n.: 18.1%; i.m.: 4.5%) (difference: 13.6%, 95% CI 4.2-22.9). CONCLUSIONS Concentrated intranasal naloxone reversed heroin overdose successfully in 82% of patients. Time to adequate response was the same for both routes, suggesting that the i.n. route of administration is of similar effectiveness to the i.m. route as a first-line treatment for heroin overdose.
Integrating individual behaviour and landscape genetics: the population structure of timber rattlesnake hibernacula

Individuals of many species show high levels of fidelity to natal populations, often due to reliance on patchily distributed habitat features. In many of these species, the negative impacts of inbreeding are mitigated through specialized behaviours such as seasonal mating dispersal. Quantifying population structure for species with these characteristics can potentially elucidate social and environmental factors that interact to affect mating behaviour and population connectivity. In the northern part of their range, timber rattlesnakes are communal hibernators with high natal philopatry. Individuals generally recruit to the same hibernaculum as their mother and remain faithful to that hibernaculum throughout their lives. We examined the genetic structure of Crotalus horridus hibernacula in the northeastern USA using microsatellite loci. Sampled hibernacula exhibited only modest levels of differentiation, indicating a significant level of gene flow among them. We found no significant correlation between genetic differentiation and geographical distance, but did find significant positive correlation between genetic differentiation and a cost‐based distance metric adjusted to include the amount of potential basking habitat between hibernacula. Therefore, thermoregulation sites may increase gene flow by increasing the potential for contact among individuals from different populations. Parentage analyses confirmed high levels of philopatry of both sexes to their maternal hibernaculum; however, approximately one‐third of paternity assignments involved individuals between hibernacula, confirming that gene flow among hibernacula occurs largely through seasonal male mating dispersal. Our results underscore the importance of integrating individual‐level behaviours and landscape features with studies of fine‐scale population genetics in species with high fidelity to patchily distributed habitats.
A defined heteromeric KV1 channel stabilizes the intrinsic pacemaking and regulates the output of deep cerebellar nuclear neurons to thalamic targets

• The result of cerebellar integration is encoded in the output of deep cerebellar nuclear (DCN) neurons in the form of dynamic changes in spontaneous firing rate and pattern. • The soma of these neurons has been demonstrated to be enriched with potassium channels (KV1) produced by mandatory multi‐merization of KV1.1, 1.2 α and KVβ2 subunits. • The outward K+ current (IKV1) mediated by these channels is proven to be a critical stabilizer for both the rate and temporal precision of self‐sustained firing of DCN neurons. • Activated from low‐threshold, IKV1 provides an effective counter‐balance to depolarizing inputs, attenuates the back‐propagating action potentials, favouring dominance of clock‐like somatic pace‐making of these cells – an important condition for accurate encoding of time variant inputs. • The relevance of these observations to physiology and integrative brain mechanisms is shown through a multi‐compartmental neuronal model as well as retro‐axonal tracing of neurons projecting to thalamic relay nuclei.
CircleSense: A pervasive computing system for recognizing social activities

Social activities have great impact for human beings in psychological health and social relationship. The recognition of social activities can unobtrusively recognize and record users' daily social activities, enabling users to better manage their life. Existing work of social activity recognition focus on recognizing a limited set of social activities and are mainly based on the patterns of individual user such as location pattern, vocal pattern, or others. However, social activities inherently exhibit the patterns with respect to multiple users rather individual user. In this paper, we introduce the concept of social circle, to extract social patterns associated with multiple users in a generic set of social activities. A social circle refers to a set of users frequently gathering to conduct certain social activities. Based on social circle, we design a system called CircleSense that supports accurate recognition of a generic set of social activities. We validate the effectiveness of CircleSense through the real trace collected by 10 volunteers. The result shows that CircleSense outperforms existing methods in terms of accuracy of social activity recognition.
Query rewriting and answering under constraints in data integration systems

In this paper we address the problem of query answering and rewriting in global-as-view data integration systems, when key and inclusion dependencies are expressed on the global integration schema. In the case of sound views, we provide sound and complete rewriting techniques for a maximal class of constraints for which decidability holds. Then, we introduce a semantics which is able to cope with violations of constraints, and present a sound and complete rewriting technique for the same decidable class of constraints. Finally, we consider the decision problem of query answering and give decidability and complexity results.
S-Sense: A Sentiment Analysis Framework for Social Media Sensing

Due to the explosive growth of social media usage in Thailand, many businesses and organizations including market research agencies are seeking for tools which could perform real-time sentiment analysis on the large contents. In this paper, we propose S-Sense, a framework for analyzing sentiment on Thai social media. The proposed framework consists of analysis modules and language resources. Two main analysis modules, intention and sentiment, are based on classification algorithm to automatically assign appropriate intention and sentiment class labels for a given text. To train classification models, language resources, i.e., corpus and lexicon, are needed. Corpus consists of a collection of texts manually labeled with appropriate intention and sentiment classes. Lexicon consists of both general terms from dictionary and clue terms which help identifying the intention and sentiment. To evaluate performance and robustness of the analysis modules, we prepare a data set from Twitter posts and Pantip web board in mobile service domain. The experiments are set up to compare the performance between two different lexicon sets, i.e., general and clue terms. The results show that incorporating clue terms into feature vectors for constructing the classification models yield significant improvement in terms of accuracy.
HU-EP-16 / 07 HU-MATH-16 / 03 Introduction to the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz

We give a pedagogical introduction to the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz, a method that allows us to describe the thermodynamics of integrable models whose spectrum is found via the (asymptotic) Bethe ansatz. We set the stage by deriving the Fermi-Dirac distribution and associated free energy of free electrons, and then in a similar though technically more complicated fashion treat the thermodynamics of integrable models, focusing on the one dimensional Bose gas with delta function interaction as a clean pedagogical example, secondly the XXX spin chain as an elementary (lattice) model with prototypical complicating features in the form of bound states, and finally the SU(2) chiral Gross-Neveu model as a field theory example. Throughout this discussion we emphasize the central role of particle and hole densities, whose relations determine the model under consideration. We then discuss tricks that allow us to use the same methods to describe the exact spectra of integrable field theories on a circle, in particular the chiral Gross-Neveu model. We moreover discuss the simplification of TBA equations to Y systems, including the transition back to integral equations given sufficient analyticity data, in simple examples. ar X iv :1 60 6. 02 95 1v 3 [ he pth ] 2 4 Ju l 2 01 6
Choline Supplementation Promotes Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase-deficient Mice via Increased Glucagon Action*

Background: Mice lacking phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (Pemt−/−) are glucose- and insulin-sensitive when fed a high fat diet. Results: Increased plasma glucagon and hepatic gluconeogenesis occurred in Pemt−/− mice fed excess choline. Conclusion: Supplementation of choline induces insulin intolerance in Pemt−/− mice via increased glucagon action. Significance: The role of choline should be factored into our thinking about insulin resistance. Biosynthesis of hepatic choline via phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes and obesity. We investigated the mechanism(s) by which choline modulates insulin sensitivity. PEMT wild-type (Pemt+/+) and knock-out (Pemt−/−) mice received either a high fat diet (HF; 60% kcal of fat) or a high fat, high choline diet (HFHC; 4 g of choline/kg of HF diet) for 1 week. Hepatic insulin signaling and glucose and lipid homeostasis were investigated. Glucose and insulin intolerance occurred in Pemt−/− mice fed the HFHC diet, but not in their Pemt−/− littermates fed the HF diet. Plasma glucagon was elevated in Pemt−/− mice fed the HFHC diet compared with Pemt−/− mice fed the HF diet, concomitant with increased hepatic expression of glucagon receptor, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 at serine 307 (IRS1-s307). Gluconeogenesis and mitochondrial oxidative stress were markedly enhanced, whereas glucose oxidation and triacylglycerol biosynthesis were diminished in Pemt−/− mice fed the HFHC diet. A glucagon receptor antagonist (2-aminobenzimidazole) attenuated choline-induced hyperglycemia and insulin intolerance and blunted up-regulation of phosphorylated AMPK and IRS1-s307. Choline induces glucose and insulin intolerance in Pemt−/− mice through modulating plasma glucagon and its action in liver.
Relighting objects from image collections

We present an approach for recovering the reflectance of a static scene with known geometry from a collection of images taken under distant, unknown illumination. In contrast to previous work, we allow the illumination to vary between the images, which greatly increases the applicability of the approach. Using an all-frequency relighting framework based on wavelets, we are able to simultaneously estimate the per-image incident illumination and the per-surface point reflectance. The wavelet framework allows for incorporating various reflection models. We demonstrate the quality of our results for synthetic test cases as well as for several datasets captured under laboratory conditions. Combined with multi-view stereo reconstruction, we are even able to recover the geometry and reflectance of a scene solely using images collected from the Internet.
Evidence for monozygotic twin (MZ) discordance in methylation level at two CpG sites in the promoter region of the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) gene

Monozygotic (MZ) twin concordance for a range of psychiatric conditions is rarely 100%. It has been suggested that epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation, may account for a proportion of the variation in behavioral traits observed between these genetically identical individuals. In this study we have quantitatively assessed the methylation status of two CpG sites in the promoter region of the COMT gene in 12 MZ twins‐pairs discordant for birth weight, but otherwise clinically unaffected. DNA was obtained at age 5‐years using buccal swabs, and modified using sodium‐bisulfite treatment. Methylation profiles were assessed using Pyrosequencing™, a technology enabling the precise degree of methylation to be assessed at any CpG site. We found that the degree of methylation at the two CpG sites was highly correlated, but there was considerable variation in the concordance of methylation levels between MZ twin‐pairs. Some MZ twin‐pairs showed a high degree of methylation concordance, whereas others differed markedly in their methylation profiles. Such epigenetic variation between genetically identical individuals may play a key role in the etiology of psychopathology, and explain the incomplete phenotypic concordance observed in MZ twins. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Influence of Early Language and Communication Environments on the Development of Language in Deaf Children.

ABSTRACT SeVenty-two deaf Ss (10to ( 19-years-old) were tested, employing the Test of Syntactic Ability (TSA), the language sub-tests of the Stanford Achievement Test (SAT), and analyses of written language samples, in a study of the influence of early language and communication environment on their later syntactic language ability. Ss were divided into four groups; the Manual English (ME) Group whose parents were deaf, had a good command of English, and used manual communication in the form of Manual English; the Average Manual (AM) Group whose parents were deaf, had language showing gross deviations from Standard English, and used manual communication with the Ss,from infancy; the Intensive Oral'(I0) Group who had been enrolled in a formal Oral educational program and whose parents had received formal training in using oral methods. exclusively and intensively with their children; and the Average Oral (AO) Group who had been enrolled in a formal Oral educational program and whose parents had received no formal training in oral . methodology. Results showed significant superiority of the ME group over the two Oral groups on five of the six test structures of the TSA; and significant superiority of the ME group over the othei three groups on all four sub-tests of the SAT. (Author/LS)
Deposition of amyloid in the liver of hamsters: an enzyme-histochemical and electron-microscopical study

In induced amyloidosis the amyloid was first deposited in the portal areas, then in the centre of the lobule and disseminated through it in the spaces of Disse. No intracellular amyloid was found in the predeposit phase. In the hepatic lobule both mononuclear phagocytes and hepatocytes showed a topographic relationship to the first deposits of amyloid. Some macrophages showed invaginations or vacuoles containing amyloid fibrils. Between the microvilli of hepatocytes, parallel amyloid fibrils occurred. Between the amyloid fibrils were 30-50 nm membrane-bounded spherical particles which may have been lipoprotein aggregates. There was no large-scale phagocytosis of amyloid during the induction period or after survival without casein treatment up to 18 weeks. Lysosomal enzyme activity was seen in the deposits of extracellular amyloid.
Compression boosting in optimal linear time using the Burrows-Wheeler Transform

In this paper we provide the first compression booster that turns a zeroth order compressor into a more effiective <i>k</i>-th order compressor <i>without any loss in time efficiency</i>. More precisely, let <b>A</b> be an algorithm that compresses a string <i>s</i> within λ|<i>s</i>|<i>H</i>*<inf>0</inf>(<i>s</i>)+μ bits of storage in <i>O</i>(<i>T</i> (|<i>s</i>|)) time, where <i>H*<inf>0</inf>(s)</i> is the zeroth order entropy of the string <i>s</i>. Our booster improves <b>A</b> by compressing <i>s</i> within λ|<i>s</i>|<i>H</i>*<inf>0</inf>(<i>S</i>) + log<inf>2</inf> |<i>s</i>| + <i>g<inf>k</inf></i> bits still using <i>O(T (|s|))</i> time, where <i>H*<inf>k</inf>(s)</i> is the <i>k</i>-th order entropy of s.The idea of a "compression booster" has been very recently introduced by Giancarlo and Sciortino in [7]. They combined the Burrows-Wheeler Transform [3] with dynamic programming and achieved our same compression bound but with running time <i>O</i>(<i>T</i> (|<i>s</i>|)) + Ω(|<i>s</i>|<sup>2</sup>). We start from the same premises of [7], but instead of using dynamic programming we design a <i>linear time</i> optimization algorithm based on novel structural properties of the Burrows-Wheeler Transform.
Texture-encoded tetrahedral strips

The use of triangle strips is a common method to compactly store and efficiently render large polygonal meshes. The advantages of triangle stripification also apply to tetrahedral meshes; therefore, tetrahedral strips are an attractive data structure for storing and volume rendering tetrahedral meshes as noted in several publications. However, tetrahedral strips are still not supported by current graphics hardware. In this paper, we present the first system to take advantage of tetrahedral strips in off-the-shelf graphics hardware. This is achieved by encoding tetrahedral strips in texture maps and rendering them with the help of a ray casting algorithm running solely on the graphics chip. Our data structure supports sequential and generalized tetrahedral strips by including a small amount of adjacency information, which allows us to access all face neighbors in constant time. Utilizing these texture-encoded tetrahedral strips, our enhanced graphics-hardware-based volume ray casting algorithm for tetrahedral meshes is capable of handling large data sets. Additional improvements presented in this paper include support for multiple ray traversal steps in one rendering pass and the intrinsic support for non-convex meshes using a rendering technique similar to depth peeling.
Variable LLR scaling in LDPC min-sum decoding under horizontal shuffled structure

LDPC was first proposed in 1962, after that considerable achievements have been made both in decoding algorithms and also in the structure of the decoder. In terms of decoding algorithm, from belief propagation (BP) to min-sum (MS), then normalized MS (NMS) and finally to a more performance oriented variable MS (VMS) algorithm. In terms of the decoder structure, there are mainly two, flooding and shuffled structure (FS and SS), and flooding structure is mainly used in the past and the selection of variable factors in FS VMS has already been studied in the literature. As is known, the horizontal shuffled structure (HSS) are more hardware friendly and now widely deployed, thus to apply VMS algorithm to HSS has an important meaning for the industry. However, there is no effective method for the selection of variable factors in HSS VMS. Based on the study of FS VMS, this paper describes how to apply the generalized mutual information (GMI) based metric to HSS VMS reasonably and proposes the modified GMI based formula. Simulation results on a certain DVB-S2's LDPC code show that, by using modified formula for HSS VMS, we can obtain 0.13dB gain over HSS NMS and the performance is only 0.1dB away from that of HSS BP in terms of bit error rate (BER) at level 1e-7. And simulation results on a certain DVB-T2's LDPC code show that, by using modified formula for HSS VMS, we can obtain 0.04dB gain over HSS NMS and the performance is only 0.06dB away from that of HSS BP in terms of bit error rate (BER) at level 1e-7.
CoFAR: Cognitive fully adaptive radar

A new and fully adaptive environmentally aware (cognitive) radar and signal processing architecture is introduced to meet the challenges of increasingly complex operating environments. The system features fully adaptive transmit, receive, and controller/scheduler functions. “Cognition”, i.e., learning/understanding the complete multidimensional radar channel (targets, clutter, interference, etc.) and operating environment is achieved via a sense-learn-adapt (SLA) approach, which is a radar centric application of the OOPDA (observe, orient, predict, decide, act) loop concept. Learning in turn is achieved via expert system, knowledge-aided (KA) supervised training. Lastly, a MIMO probing approach is introduced as a learning aid for signal dependent channel effects and illustrated with a MTI radar example where it is shown that a full rank estimate of the clutter covariance matrix is possible from the returns in a single range bin, thereby alleviating the so-called “sample starved” covariance estimation problem that arises in highly nonstationary environments.
Dynamic Nucleation of Golgi Apparatus Assembly from the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Interphase HeLa Cells

Models of Golgi apparatus biogenesis and maintenance are focused on two possibilities: one is self‐assembly from the endoplasmic reticulum, and the other is nucleation by a stable template. Here, we asked in three different experimental situations whether assembly of the Golgi apparatus might be dynamically nucleated. During microtubule depolymerization, the integral membrane protein p27 and the peripheral Golgi protein GM130, appeared in newly formed, scattered Golgi elements before three different Golgi apparatus cisternal enzymes, whereas GRASP55, a medial peripheral Golgi protein, showed, if anything, a tendency to accumulate in scattered Golgi elements later than a cisternal enzyme. During Golgi formation after brefeldin A washout, endoplasmic reticulum exit of Golgi resident enzymes could be completely separated from that of p27 and GM130. p27 and GM130 accumulation was onto newly organized perinuclear structures, not brefeldin A remnants, and preceded that of a cisternal enzyme. Reassembly was completely sensitive to guanosine 5′‐diphosphate‐restricted Sar1p. When cells were microinjected with Sar1pWT DNA to reverse a guanosine 5′‐diphosphate‐restricted Sar1p endoplasmic reticulum‐exit block phenotype, GM130 and p27 collected perinuclearly with little to no exit of a cisternal enzyme from the endoplasmic reticulum. The overall data strongly indicate that the assembly of the Golgi apparatus can be nucleated dynamically by GM130/p27 associated structures. We define dynamic nucleation as the first step in a staged organelle assembly process in which new component association forms a microscopically visible structure onto which other components add later, e.g. Golgi cisternae.