Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Triggering of microearthquakes in Iceland by volatiles released from a dyke intrusion

We suggest that carbon dioxide exsolved from a mid-crustal basaltic dyke intrusion in Iceland migrated upwards and triggered shallow seismicity by allowing failure on pre-existing fractures under the relatively low elastic stresses (100–200 kPa; 1–2 bar) generated by the dyke inflation. Intense swarms of microseismicity accompanied magmatic intrusion into a dyke at depths of 13–19 km in the crust of Iceland's Northern Volcanic Rift Zone during 2007–2008. Contemporaneously, a series of small normal earthquakes, probably triggered by elastic stresses imposed by the dyke intrusion, occurred in the uppermost 4 km of crust: fault plane solutions from these are consistent with failure along the extensional fabric and surface fissure directions mapped in the area, suggesting that the faults failed along existing rift zone fabric even though the mid-crustal dyke is highly oblique to it. Several months after the melt froze in the mid-crust and seismicity associated with the intrusion had ceased, an upsurge in shallow microseismicity began in the updip projection of the dyke near the brittle–ductile transition at 6–7 km depth below sea level. This seismicity is caused by failure on right-lateral strike-slip faults, with fault planes orientated 23 ± 3°, which are identical with the 24 ± 2° orientation in this area of surface fractures and fissures caused by plate spreading and extension of the volcanic rift zone. However, these earthquakes have T-axes approximately aligned with the opening direction of the dyke, and the right-lateral sense of failure is opposite that of regional strike-slip faults. We suggest that the fractures occurred along pre-existing weaknesses generated by the pervasive fabric of the rift zone, but that the dyke opening in the mid-crust beneath it caused right-lateral failure. The seismicity commenced after a temporal delay of several months and has persisted for over 3 yr. We propose that fluids exsolved from the magma in the dyke, primarily carbon dioxide, percolated updip and to shallower depths predominantly along pre-existing fractures. Increased pore pressure from the volatiles reduced the effective normal compressive stress on faults, increasing the likelihood of failure and allowing the modest stress changes generated by the intrusion to cause failure. Propagation of volatiles through the crust would also account for the observed time delay between the intrusion at depth and the shallow earthquake clusters. A further short-lived cluster of earthquakes at 2–4 km depth beneath the surface exhibits left-lateral strike-slip faulting with epicentres well orientated along a lineation which is identical with other subparallel strike-slip faults in the area that transfer motion between two adjacent spreading segments. These shallow earthquakes lie beyond lobes of significant positive Coulomb stress change caused by the intrusion, implying minimal modifications to the stress field in their vicinity; hence, they continue to respond to the regional stress field rather than the local stress field generated by the dyke intrusion.
Enhanced algal growth rate in a Taylor vortex reactor

The rate of production of algal biomass in optically dense photobioreactors depends crucially on the temporal light exposure of microorganisms, which in turn is determined by fluid flow patterns and the quantity and spatial distribution of photosynthetically active radiation. In this report it is demonstrated that highly organized and robust toroidal flow structures known as Taylor vortices cause significant increases in the rate of biomass production, efficiency of light utilization, and CO2 uptake, and these effects become more pronounced at higher Reynolds numbers. In light of these findings and previously reported experiments using Taylor vortex flow to culture algae, it is argued that the flashing light effect, rather than mass transport effects, is responsible for the observed increases in the rate of photosynthesis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2140–2149. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MR Patterns of Involvement of Humeral Head Osteonecrosis

Purpose To characterize osteonecrosis of the humeral head on coronal and axial MR images. Methods We retrospectively reviewed MR examinations in patients with humeral head osteonecrosis. The angle of the entire affected articular surface at three levels was measured and an angle subtended by the margins of osteonecrosis was also measured. Results The appearance of osteonecrosis is identical to that in the femoral head with signal abnormality (13/13), double-line sign (7/13), and subchondral fractures (3/13). The superior aspect of the humeral head was the most common location of osteonecrosis. The MR staging resulted as follows: stage II (6/13), stage IIIA (1/13), stage IIIB (1/13), and stage IV (5/13). The maximum percentage of involvement of the articular surface demonstrated the following distribution: 0% to 25%, 0/11; 25% to 50%, 1/13; 50% to 75%, 5/13; and 75% to 100%, 7/13. Conclusions Quantitative analysis of the percentage of involvement of the humeral head was performed and indicates that in most cases, 75% to 100% of the articular surface at the levels measured was involved.
Fusion hand gesture segmentation and extraction based on CMOS sensor and 3D sensor

Gesture recognition is one of the most promising subjects in the field of computer vision and artificial intelligence; the development of it will have a profound influence on the research of robot control and Human-Machine Interface (HMI) and image segmentation is a key step in image recognition. This paper based on Kinect sensor developed by Microsoft gives an introduction on its hardware structure and the measuring method of depth camera. At the same time we will collect the colour hand gesture images as samples, to introduce the traditional skin colour image segmentation method in HSV and YCbCr colour space. Finally, a new 3D image hand gesture segmentation method based on depth information will be proposed.
The Expression Pattern of a Cav3–Kv4 Complex Differentially Regulates Spike Output in Cerebellar Granule Cells

The cerebellum receives sensory information by mossy fiber input from a multitude of sources that require differential signal processing. A compartmentalization of function begins with the segregation of mossy fibers across 10 distinct lobules over the rostrocaudal axis, with tactile receptor afferents prevalent in anterior lobules and vestibular input in caudal lobules. However, it is unclear how these unique signals might be differentially processed at the circuit level across the cerebellum. As granule cells receive mossy fiber input, they represent a key stage at which postsynaptic mechanisms could influence signal processing. Granule cells express an A-type current mediated by Kv4 potassium channels that modify the latency and frequency of spike output. The current study examined the potential for a Cav3 calcium–Kv4 channel complex to regulate the response of granule cells to mossy fiber input in lobules 2 and 9 of the rat cerebellum. Similar A-type currents were recorded in both regions, but the Cav3 calcium current was expressed at a substantially higher density in lobule 9 cells, acting to increase A-type current availability through its influence on Kv4 voltage for inactivation. The difference in excitability imparted by Cav3–Kv4 interactions proves to allow lobule 2 granule cells to respond more effectively to tactile stimulus-like burst input and lobule 9 cells to slow shifts in input frequency characteristic of vestibular input. The expression pattern of Cav3 channels and its control of Kv4 availability thus provides a novel means of processing widely different forms of sensory input across cerebellar lobules.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of purified yeast kinetochores identifies a PP 1 regulatory subunit

The kinetochore is a macromolecular complex that controls chromosome segregation and cell cycle progression. When sister kinetochores make bioriented attachments to microtubules from opposite poles, the spindle checkpoint is silenced. Biorientation and the spindle checkpoint are regulated by a balance between the Ipl1/ Aurora B protein kinase and the opposing activity of protein phosphatase I (PP1). However, little is known about the regulation of PP1 localization and activity at the kinetochore. Here, we developed a method to purify centromere-bound kinetochores and used quantitative proteomics to identify the Fin1 protein as a PP1 regulatory subunit. The Fin1/PP1 complex is regulated by phosphorylation and 14–3–3 protein binding. When Fin1 is mislocalized, bipolar spindles fail to assemble but the spindle checkpoint is inappropriately silenced due to PP1 activity. These data suggest that Fin1 is a PP1 regulatory subunit whose spatial and temporal activity must be precisely controlled to ensure genomic stability.
A phage screening method to isolate intron-containing genes in the presence of multiple processed pseudogenes.

We have recently described a simple procedure utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect and clone intron-containing genes that are members of multigene families containing multiple processed pseudogenes (1). PCR with suitable primers that span an intron present in the intron-containing gene, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis, will generate two bands. The smaller band will have been generated from the many intron lacking pseudogenes. The larger band will have been generated from the intron-containing gene and will be larger than the pseudogene band by the size of the intron spanned by the primer pair. An intron specific probe derived from the larger band can be used to screen genomic libraries to identify and clone the functional intron-containing genes coding for ribosomal proteins (1). Here we describe an improved strategy for the isolation of clones derived from intron-containing genes from genomic libraries which has the advantages of being quicker, reducing the amount of plating and radioactive screening of libraries and avoiding false positives which result from the hybridization of the probe to phage clones which contain one or more pseudogenes.
Serum methylation levels of TAC1. SEPT9 and EYA4 as diagnostic markers for early colorectal cancers: a pilot study

Abstract Objective: To identify methylated genes in serum with diagnostic potentials for early colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Serum methylation levels of up to 12 genes were measured in two sets of serum samples with the second set from 26 stage I CRC patients and 26 age/gender-matched controls. Results: Serum methylation levels of TAC1, SEPT9, and EYA4 were significant discriminants between stage I CRC and healthy controls. Combination of TAC1 and SEPT9 rendered 73.1% sensitivity with 92.3% specificity. Conclusion: Serum methylation levels of TAC1. SEPT9 and EYA4 may be useful biomarkers for early detection of CRC though a validation study is necessary.
The 27 level cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter using neural network and particle swarm optimization

Over the past decades, depending upon the topologies and control strategies, numerous optimization techniques have been proposed for desired output waveform. This paper presents are optimization techniques used for multilevel inverters . Multilevel inverters have many advantages such as low cost, good efficiency and etc, and some application such as PV panels and fuel cells. Cascaded H-bridge MLI is one type of these MLIs. The Harmonic reduction techniques in multilevel inverters are considered very important task . In this paper, minimization of THD by adjusting switching times of switches is used for a 27-level inverter. There are two optimization techniques are used: 1-Artificial Neural Network 2-Particle Swarm Optimization after achieving these angles, a 27 -level inverter is simulated and a FFT analyses is done.
An elliptic curve Key Management Scheme for Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IOT) is the network of physical entities, such as wireless sensors, and radio frequency identification (RFID). Due to the rapid progress of the hardware and software in the last decade, Internet of Things is an emerging area of research. However, protecting the privacy in IoT networks is very challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of the IoT entities. Due to the low storage, energy, and computing resources of things involved in the IOT, specialized security prototcols for IoT networks are needed. To provide the IoT with the necessary security services, efficient key management schemes must be implemented. In this paper, a threshold key management scheme for IoT using elliptic curve discrete logarithm based cryptosystem is presented. The proposed key management scheme constructs a secure session key among the IoT entities. The proposed key management scheme is evaluated through extensive timing simulations and complexity evaluation.
Decentralized optimization of energy exchanges in an electricity microgrid

We propose to control a local electricity grid, a "microgrid", in a decentralized fashion to reduce energy costs by coordinating the generation and consumption decisions made by the individual Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) composing the system. Our control scheme relies on the so-called Alternative Direction Method of Multipliers or ADMM, the essentials of which we summarize in the first part of the paper. Then we describe our models for loads, batteries, solar panels and wires before investigating different scenarios in which our coordination scheme may be more beneficial than independent decision-making. The first scenario demonstrates how our coordinated control strategy may reduce total expenses under variable tariffs of energy. Since this first method does not, however, ensure a gain for each user of the microgrid individually, our second scenario explores a slightly different control strategy designed to ensure an individual benefit to each user, at the cost of decreasing the total benefit.
Overexpression of the c‐erbB‐2 protein in human breast tumor cell lines

The c‐erbB‐2 proto‐oncogene is amplified in a high percentage of primary human breast tumors, suggesting that the overexpression of this gene may be involved in the development of human breast cancer. We have investigated five human breast tumor cell lines and have detected amplified c‐erbB‐2 gene copies in two of them. This amplification leads to overexpression of the c‐erbB‐2 protein. In addition, two other cell lines have elevated protein levels without gene amplification, suggesting that other mechanisms can lead to overexpression of the c‐erbB‐2 protein. These results are similar to those that we obtained during a study of primary breast tumors (Berger et al.: Cancer Res 48:1238–1243, 1988). These breast tumor cell lines should be useful for an analysis of c‐erbB‐2 expression and of the mechanisms that in some cases lead to overexpression.
Intelligent information: a national system for monitoring clinical performance.

OBJECTIVE To use statistical process control charts to monitor in-hospital outcomes at the hospital level for a wide range of procedures and diagnoses. DATA SOURCES Routine English hospital admissions data. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis using risk-adjusted log-likelihood cumulative sum (CUSUM) charts, comparing each hospital with the national average and its peers for in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and emergency readmission within 28 days. DATA COLLECTION Data were derived from the Department of Health administrative hospital admissions database, with monthly uploads from the clearing service. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The tool is currently being used by nearly 100 hospitals and also a number of primary care trusts responsible for purchasing hospital care. It monitors around 80 percent of admissions and in-hospital deaths. Case-mix adjustment gives values for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve between 0.60 and 0.86 for mortality, but the values were poorer for readmission. CONCLUSIONS CUSUMs are a promising management tool for managers and clinicians for driving improvement in hospital performance for a range of outcomes, and interactive presentation via a web-based front end has been well received by users. Our methods act as a focus for intelligently directed clinical audit with the real potential to improve outcomes, but wider availability and prospective monitoring are required to fully assess the method's utility.
The flgE gene of Campylobacter coli is under the control of the alternative sigma factor sigma54

The flgE gene encoding the flagellar hook protein of Campylobacter coli VC167-T1 was cloned by immunoscreening of a genomic library constructed in lambdaZAP Express. The flgE DNA sequence was 2,553 bp in length and encoded a protein with a deduced molecular mass of 90,639 Da. The sequence had significant homology to the 5' and 3' sequences of the flgE genes of Helicobacter pylori, Treponema phagedenis, and Salmonella typhimurium. Primer extension analysis indicated that the VC167 flgE gene is controlled by a sigma54 promoter. PCR analysis showed that the flgE gene size and the 5' and 3' DNA sequences were conserved among C. coli and C. jejuni strains. Southern hybridization analyses confirmed that there is considerable sequence identity among the hook genes of C. coli and C. jejuni but that there are also regions within the genes which differ. Mutants of C. coli defective in hook production were generated by allele replacement. These mutants were nonmotile and lacked flagellar filaments. Analyses of flgE mutants indicated that the carboxy terminus of FlgE is necessary for assembly of the hook structure but not for secretion of FlgE and that, unlike salmonellae, the lack of flgE expression does not result in repression of flagellin expression.
Forecasting the future of biodiversity: a test of single- and multi-species models for ants in North America

The geographic distributions of many taxonomic groups remain mostly unknown, hindering attempts to investigate the response of the majority of species on Earth to climate change using species distributions models (SDMs). Multi-species models can incorporate data for rare or poorly-sampled species, but their application to forecasting climate change impacts on biodiversity has been limited. Here we compare forecasts of changes in patterns of ant biodiversity in North America derived from ensembles of single-species models to those from a multi-species modeling approach, Generalized Dissimilarity Modeling (GDM). We found that both single- and multi-species models forecasted large changes in ant community composition in relatively warm environments. GDM predicted higher turnover than SDMs and across a larger contiguous area, including the southern third of North America and notably Central America, where the proportion of ants with relatively small ranges is high and where data limitations are most likely to impede the application of SDMs. Differences between approaches were also influenced by assumptions regarding dispersal, with forecasts being more similar if no-dispersal was assumed. When full-dispersal was assumed, SDMs predicted higher turnover in southern Canada than did GDM. Taken together, our results suggest that 1) warm rather than cold regions potentially could experience the greatest changes in ant fauna under climate change and that 2) multi-species models may represent an important complement to SDMs, particularly in analyses involving large numbers of rare or poorly-sampled species. Comparisons of the ability of single- and multi-species models to predict observed changes in community composition are needed in order to draw definitive conclusions regarding their application to investigating climate change impacts on biodiversity.
Old Losses: A Retrospective Study of Miscarriage and Infant Death 1926–1955

ABSTRACT Childbearing-related losses of 16 elderly Caucasians (13 women and 3 men, aged 69–90) were examined retrospectively in this qualitative study. Recollections of social support, grief at the time of loss, and current meaning attributed to the loss were the foci of the study. Most respondents recalled having felt grief at the time of miscarriage, fetal death, or infant death, and most did not have lingering feelings of grief. Women who did not have grandchildren and who recalled insufficient social support appeared to be more vulnerable to feelings of lasting grief. A life course approach, which examines personal narrative in relation to ontological, generational, and historical time, fits with the interpretation given by elderly respondents to their childbearing losses.
Single layer graphene nano-patterning based on local anodic lithography in ambient conditions

In this paper, a systematic study of single layer graphene nano-patterning based on local anodic oxidation (LAO) lithography has been carried out using the atomic force microscope (AFM). Process parameters such as tip scan rate, applied tip bias voltage and their relationship to pattern sizes for local oxidation of graphene sheet were observed and optimized. Graphene oxide with minimum width of 49 nm was realized using the LAO technique in ambient condition. The results indicate that higher scanning rate and lower bias voltage are desired to increase the resolution of nano-patterns, which is significantly important for fabricating graphene-based nanoscale electric devices.
A new approach for solving resource constrained project scheduling problems using differential evolution algorithm

One subcategory of project scheduling is the resource constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP). The present study proposes a differential evolution algorithm for solving the RCPSP making a small change in the method to comply with the model. The RCPSP is intended to program a group of activities of minimal duration while considering precedence and resource constraints. The present study introduces a differential evolution algorithm and local search was added to improve the performance of the algorithm. The problems were then solved to evaluate the performance of the algorithm and the results are compared with genetic algorithm. Computational results confirm that the differential evolution algorithm performs better than genetic algorithm.
M-FISH analysis shows that complex chromosome aberrations induced by α-particle tracks are cumulative products of localized rearrangements

Complex chromosome aberrations are characteristically induced after exposure to low doses of densely ionizing radiation, but little is understood about their formation. To address this issue, we irradiated human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro with 0.5 Gy densely ionizing α-particles (mean of 1 α-particle/cell) and analyzed the chromosome aberrations produced by using 24-color multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH). Our data suggest that complex formation is a consequence of direct nuclear α-particle traversal and show that the likely product of illegitimate repair of damage from a single α-particle is a single complex exchange. From an assessment of the “cycle structure” of each complex exchange we predict α-particle-induced damage to be repaired at specific localized sites, and complexes to be formed as cumulative products of this repair.