Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor-α and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 control reactive oxygen species release, mitochondrial autophagy and c-Jun N-terminal kinase/p38 phosphorylation during necrotizing enterocolitis

Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation may contribute to the disruption of the protective gut barrier through various mechanisms; mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from inflammatory and oxidative injury may potentially be a significant source of apoptosis during necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α is thought to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activate the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 pathway. Hence, the focus of our study was to examine the effects of TNFα/ROs on mitochondrial function, ASK1-JNK/p38 cascade activation in intestinal epithelial cells during NEC. Results: We found (a) abundant tissue TNFα and ASK1 expression throughout all layers of the intestine in neonates with NEC, suggesting that TNFα/ASK1 may be a potential source (indicators) of intestinal injury in neonates with NEC; (b) TNFα-induced rapid and transient activation of JNK/p38 apoptotic signaling in all cell lines suggests that this may be an important molecular characteristic of NEC; (c) TNFα-induced rapid and transient ROs production in RIe-1 cells indicates that mitochondria are the predominant source of ROS, demonstrated by significantly attenuated response in mitochondrial DNA-depleted (RIE-1-ρ°) intestinal epithelial cells; (d) further studies with mitochondria-targeted antioxidant PBN supported our hypothesis that effective mitochondrial ROS trapping is protective against TNFα/ROs-induced intestinal epithelial cell injury; (e) TNFα induces significant mitochondrial dysfunction in intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in increased production of mtROS, drop in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and decreased oxygen consumption; (f) although the significance of mitochondrial autophagy in NEC has not been unequivocally shown, our studies provide a strong preliminary indication that TNFα/ROs-induced mitochondrial autophagy may play a role in NeC, and this process is a late phenomenon. Methods: Paraffin-embedded intestinal sections from neonates with NEC and non-inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract undergoing bowel resections were analyzed for TNFα and ASK1 expression. Rat (RIE-1) and mitochondrial DNA-depleted (RIE-1-ρ°) intestinal epithelial cells were used to determine the effects of TNFα on mitochondrial function. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that TNFα induces significant mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of mitochondrial apoptotic responses, leading to intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis during NeC. Therapies directed against mitochondria/ROS may provide important therapeutic options, as well as ameliorate intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis during NeC.
Introduction to a Proofreading Tool for Chinese Spelling Check Task of SIGHAN-8

The detection and correction of erroneous Chinese characters is an important problem in many applications. This paper proposed an automatic method for correcting erroneous Chinese characters. The method is divided into two parts, which separately handle two types of erroneous character: the occurrence of an erroneous character in a word length of one, and the occurrence in a word length of two or more. The first primarily makes use of a rulesbased method, while the second integrates parameters of similarity and syntax rationality using a linear regression model to predict erroneous characters. Experimental results shown that the F1 and FPR of the proposed method are 0.34 and 0.18 respectively.
The Advanced Computing Systems Association Object Lifetimes in Java Card

Java Card promises the ease of programming in Java to the world of smart cards. Java's memory model however is resource intensive especially for smart card hardware. Hence, adapting Java's memory model to Java Card must retain the easy programming paradigm while enabling Java Card applications to maximize the use of smart card memory. To this end, the Java Card 2.1 Specification [3] advocates an ad hoc persistent memory model that foists an unnatural programming paradigm and an inherently limited API. In this paper we discuss memory model choices for Java Card in the context of persistent systems. We propose the concept of a transient and persistent environment for encapsulating the transient and persistent objects in Java Card applications. While offering a simple programming model, it allows efficient sharing of the memory resources among multiple applications and enables garbage collection for Java Card.
Illumination Estimation and Relighting using an RGB-D Camera

In this paper, we propose a relighting system combined with an illumination estimation method using RGBD camera. Relighting techniques can achieve the photometric registration of composite images. They often need illumination environments of the scene which include a target object and the background scene. Some relighting methods obtain the illumination environments beforehand. In this case, they cannot be used under the unknown dynamic illumination environment. Some on-line illumination estimation methods need light probes which can be invade the scene geometry. In our method, the illumination environment is estimated from pixel intensity, normal map and surface reflectance based on inverse rendering in on-line processing. The normal map of the arbitrary object which is used in the illumination estimation part and the relighting part is calculated from the denoised depth image on each frame. Relighting is achieved by calculating the ratio for the estimated Illumination environment of the each scene. Thus our implementation can be used for dynamic illumination or a dynamic object.
An Empirical World of Cosmopolitan Asia

Cosmopolitan theory claims that cosmopolitans transcend the borders of national societies and actively embrace diversity, differences, and an all-inclusive society of strangers (Ossewaarde 2007: 367–88; Pichler 2009: 3–26). Cosmopolitan theory offers normative arguments and visions about cosmopolitan democracy (Held 1995), transnational discursive democracy (Dryzek 2006), and global governance on poverty (Pogge 2008). These normative theories of cosmopolitanism, despite vast differences, share the common features of what Delanty (2006a: 25–47) calls ‘critical cosmopolitanism’. Yet, as Pichler (2009: 3–26) argues, we know little about what cosmopolitans are like and what distinguishes them from non-cosmopolitans on empirical grounds. Moreover, normative cosmopolitan theories tend to be American or European-centric, suffering the problems of constituency, democratic scope, social prerequisites and practical institutionalization (Bray 2009: 683–719). These problems highlight the importance of a pragmatic cosmopolitanism which ought to be rooted in daily life. This calls for an empirical study of whether normative claims of cosmopolitan theory can be confirmed on empirical grounds not only in Europe (Pichler 2009: 3–26), but also in Asia. Moreover, cosmopolitanism has been developed in the disciplines of philosophy, international relations, political theory, and sociology. Today, area studies are increasingly becoming a testing ground in confirming or negating some claims made by cosmopolitan theorists. Asian studies are a valuable discipline for answering the following questions: Is cosmopolitanism merely a ‘Western’ product or a global one? Will the Asian story confirm the universal aspiration of cosmopolitanism?
Command-line utilities for managing and exploring annotated corpora

Users of annotated corpora frequently perform basic operations such as inspecting the available annotations, filtering documents, formatting data, and aggregating basic statistics over a corpus. While these may be easily performed over flat text files with stream-processing UNIX tools, similar tools for structured annotation require custom design. Dawborn and Curran (2014) have developed a declarative description and storage for structured annotation, on top of which we have built generic command-line utilities. We describe the most useful utilities ‐ some for quick data exploration, others for high-level corpus management ‐ with reference to comparable UNIX utilities. We suggest that such tools are universally valuable for working with structured corpora; in turn, their utility promotes common storage and distribution formats for annotated text.
A Survey of 3D Interaction Techniques

Recent gains in the performance of 3D graphics hardware and rendering systems have not been matched by a corresponding improvement in our knowledge of how to interact with the virtual environments we create; therefore there is a need to examine these further if we are to improve the overall quality of our interactive 3D systems. This paper examines some of the interaction techniques which have been developed for object manipulation, navigation and application control in 3D virtual environments. The use of both mouse‐based techniques and 3D input devices is considered, along with the role of feedback and some aspects of tools and widgets.
Cross-layer network lifetime optimisation considering transmit and signal processing power in wireless sensor networks

Maintaining high energy efficiency is essential for increasing the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where the battery of the sensor nodes cannot be routinely replaced. Nevertheless, the energy budget of the WSN strictly relies on the communication parameters, where the choice of both the transmit power as well as of the modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) plays a significant role in maximizing the network lifetime (NL). In this paper, we optimize the NL of WNSs by analysing the impact of the physical layer parameters as well as of the signal processing power (SPP) P_sp on the NL. We characterize the underlying trade-offs between the NL and bit error ratio (BER) performance for a predetermined set of target signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) values and for different MCSs using periodic transmit-time slot (TS) scheduling in interference-limited WSNs. For a per-link target BER requirement (PLBR) of 10^? 3, our results demonstrate that a ’continuous-time’ NL in the range of 0.58? 4.99 years is achieved depending on the MCSs, channel configurations, and SPP.
Exemplar-learning and schematization in a usage-based account of syntactic acquisition

Abstract The early phases of syntactic acquisition are characterized by many input frequency and item effects, which argue against theories assuming innate access to classical syntactic categories. In formulating an alternative view, we consider both prototype and exemplar-learning models of categorization. We argue for a ‘hybrid’ usage-based view in which acquisition depends on exemplar learning and retention, out of which permanent abstract schemas gradually emerge and are immanent across the summed similarity of exemplar collections. These schemas are graded in strength depending on the number of exemplars and the degree to which semantic similarity is reinforced by phonological, lexical, and distributional similarity.
Development of a virtual training system for marine engineers

Aiming at the deficiency in the field of marine engineers training at present, an entire virtual training system for marine engineers has been designed and developed, which is composed of the full mission marine engine room simulator module and three-dimensional virtual marine engine room module, respectively aiming at cultivating the operating ability for marine engine room system and marine engine equipment, cognizing the actual working environment in marine engine room. This training system has already been applied in the teaching task of undergraduate and postgraduate in several maritime colleges in China and University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania and achieved good effects.
The CYP51F1 Gene of Leptographium qinlingensis: Sequence Characteristic, Phylogeny and Transcript Levels

Leptographium qinlingensis is a fungal associate of the Chinese white pine beetle (Dendroctonus armandi) and a pathogen of the Chinese white pine (Pinus armandi) that must overcome the terpenoid oleoresin defenses of host trees. L. qinlingensis responds to monoterpene flow with abundant mechanisms that include export and the use of these compounds as a carbon source. As one of the fungal cytochrome P450 proteins (CYPs), which play important roles in general metabolism, CYP51 (lanosterol 14-α demethylase) can catalyze the biosynthesis of ergosterol and is a target for antifungal drug. We have identified an L. qinlingensis CYP51F1 gene, and the phylogenetic analysis shows the highest homology with the 14-α-demethylase sequence from Grosmannia clavigera (a fungal associate of Dendroctonus ponderosae). The transcription level of CYP51F1 following treatment with terpenes and pine phloem extracts was upregulated, while using monoterpenes as the only carbon source led to the downregulation of CYP5F1 expression. The homology modeling structure of CYP51F1 is similar to the structure of the lanosterol 14-α demethylase protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae YJM789, which has an N-terminal membrane helix 1 (MH1) and transmembrane helix 1 (TMH1). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of terpenoid and azole fungicides (itraconazole (ITC)) and the docking of terpenoid molecules, lanosterol and ITC in the protein structure suggested that CYP51F1 may be inhibited by terpenoid molecules by competitive binding with azole fungicides.
Nonlinear control design for quadrotors

In this paper, we present a nonlinear controller design for quadrotors using dynamic inversion approach. The approach uses two loop structure to design a controller. In the outer loop, translation dynamics is used to generate the required thrust, pitch angle, and roll angle commands. The inner loop generates body rates to meet the desired attitude commands and these required thrust and body rate commands are converted into the desired angular speed of each individual DC motor. By generating the desired angular speed of individual motor, a quadrotor can be controlled in three dimensional environments. The performance of the proposed design is compared with the linear proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to show the effectiveness of the nonlinear design. This paper also addresses the issue of singularity problem associated with the transformation matrix using a pseudo frame algorithm.
A HKMG 28nm 1GHz fully-pipelined tile-able 1MB embedded SRAM IP with 1.39mm2 per MB

A fully-pipelined tile-able 1MB SRAM IP with a 0.127um2 cell in a HKMG 28nm bulk technology has an area of 1.39mm2/MB with 79.2% array efficiency. It operates with 2-cycle latency up to 1GHz. The no-repair hardware has a circuit limited yield of 99.92 and 53% at 100 and 850MHz, respectively with 0.75V VDD. A Data Retention Voltage of 0.42V has been measured.
Extrasynaptic glutamate and inhibitory neurotransmission modulate ganglion cell 4 participation during glutamatergic retinal waves 5 6 Abbreviated title : Inhibition limits ganglion cell participation in waves 7 8

29 During the first two weeks of mouse postnatal development, transient retinal circuits give rise to 30 the spontaneous initiation and lateral propagation of depolarizations across the ganglion cell 31 layer (GCL). Glutamatergic retinal waves occur during the second postnatal week, when GCL 32 depolarizations are mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptors. Bipolar cells are the primary 33 source of glutamate in the inner retina, indicating that the propagation of waves depends on 34 their activation. Using the FRET based optical sensor of glutamate, FLII81E-1μ, we found that 35 retinal waves are accompanied by a large transient increase in extrasynaptic glutamate 36 throughout the inner plexiform layer. Using two-photon calcium imaging to record spontaneous 37 calcium transients in large populations of cells, we found that despite this spatially diffuse 38 source of depolarization, only a subset of neurons in the GCL and inner nuclear layer (INL) are 39 robustly depolarized retinal waves. Application of the glutamate transporter blocker, DL-TBOA 40 (25 μM) led to a significant increase in cell participation in both layers, indicating that the 41 concentration of extrasynaptic glutamate affects cell participation in both the INL and GCL. In 42 contrast, blocking inhibitory transmission with the GABA-A receptor antagonist Gabazine and 43 the glycine receptor antagonist Strychnine increased cell participation in the GCL without 44 significantly affecting the INL. These data indicate that during development, glutamate spillover 45 provides a spatially diffuse source of depolarization, but that inhibitory circuits dictate which 46 neurons within the GCL participate in retinal waves. 47 48
Can Dental Pulp Calcification Predict the Risk of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease?

Objective: To report the association of pulp calcification with that of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using digital panoramic dental radiographs. Materials and Methods: Digital panoramic radiographs of patients referred from the angiography department were included if the patient was under 55 years old and had non-restored or minimally restored molars and canines. An oral and maxillofacial radiologist evaluated the images for pulpal calcifications in the selected teeth. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of panoramic radiography in predicting CVD were calculated. Results: Out of 122 patients who met the criteria, 68.2% of the patients with CVD had pulp chamber calcifications. Pulp calcification in panoramic radiography had a sensitivity of 68.9% to predict CVD. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that patients with CVD show an increased incidence of pulp calcification compared with healthy patients. The findings suggest that pulp calcification on panoramic radiography may have possibilities for use in CVD screening.
Discussion Paper Series The Analytics of Segmented Labor Markets

This paper provides an analytical overview of models of segmented urban labor markets in developing countries. It begins by reviewing the characteristics of the labor market in these countries, including institutions and regulations that may lead to segmentation. The wage and employment effects of imperfect labor mobility between the formal and informal sectors are then illustrated with a simple graphical analysis. Formal models of urban wage formation are discussed next, and a two-sector shirking model with segmented urban labor markets is presented. The model is used to analyze the impact of an increase in the minimum wage on unskilled unemployment. JEL Classification Numbers: E24, E26, J23, J42 ∗This paper is scheduled for publication as the introductory chapter in a forthcoming volume on Adjustment Policies, Poverty and Unemployment: The IMMPA Framework, edited by Alejandro Izquierdo, Henning Tarp Jensen, and myself. It draws heavily on my previous work on labor markets, some of it with various co-authors. However, I bear sole responsibility for the views expressed in this paper.
Specific Nonconscious Emotions and Behavior 1 Running Head: SPECIFIC NONCONSCIOUS EMOTIONS AND BEHAVIOR Effects of Specific, Nonconscious Emotions on Self-Control Behavior

Current empirical evidence regarding nonconscious emotion is limited to positively versus negatively valenced affect. This paper demonstrates that specific, equally valenced emotions can be subliminally primed, remain inaccessible to conscious awareness, and still differentially affect behavior. In experiments 1 and 2 participants subliminally primed with a guilty emotion show higher self-control on both a guiltypleasure and a grim-necessity self-control task than participants subliminally primed with a sad emotion. Participants in these different emotion conditions show no differences in their conscious emotion ratings. Experiments 3 and 4 added a time delay manipulation and replicated these findings, suggesting that the effects of nonconscious emotions found in this research are not purely semantic but also have a motivational component.
Meta Similarity Noise-free Clusters Using Dynamic Minimum Spanning Tree with Self-Detection of Best Number of Clusters

Clustering is a process of discovering group of objects such that the objects of the same group are similar, and objects belonging to different groups are dissimilar. A number of clustering algorithms exist that can solve the problem of clustering, but most of them are very sensitive to their input parameters. Minimum Spanning Tree clustering algorithm is capable of detecting clusters with irregular boundaries. Detecting outlier in database (as unusual objects) is a big desire. In data mining detection of anomalous pattern in data is more interesting than detecting inliers. In this paper we propose a Minimum Spanning Tree based clustering algorithm for noise-free or pure clusters. The algorithm constructs hierarchy from top to bottom. At each hierarchical level, it optimizes the number of cluster, from which the proper hierarchical structure of underlying data set can be found. The algorithm uses a new cluster validation criterion based on the geometric property of data partition of the data set in order to find the proper number of clusters at each level. The algorithm works in two phases. The first phase of the algorithm create clusters with guaranteed intra-cluster similarity, where as the second phase of the algorithm create dendrogram using the clusters as objects with guaranteed inter-cluster similarity. The first phase of the algorithm uses divisive approach, where as the second phase uses agglomerative approach. In this paper we used both the approaches in the algorithm to find Best number of Meta similarity clusters.
Situational factors affecting rugby sevens match performance

ABSTRACT Purpose: To examine the independent influence of a range of situational factors on physical and technical match performance during international rugby sevens matches. Methods: Data was collected from 20 professional rugby sevens players from one team across one competitive season. Activity profiles were measured using wearable microtechnology devices, and technical performance measures were collected using match video analysis. A principal components analysis was conducted to reduce the dimensionality of the physical and technical match performance variables into single index values incorporating each variable’s distinct information. Linear mixed models were then constructed to examine the collective influence of external contextual factors on physical and technical index scores. Results: Increased points conceded, a winning match outcome, and more favourable weather all had positive impacts on the Physical Performance Factor, with all other situational factors examined not contributing to a significantly better model fit. Technical Performance Factor values were shown to increase with longer match involvement durations and decrease when playing against higher ranked opponents. Conclusions: These findings show that winning the match, conceding more points, and more favourable weather conditions are associated with increased physical performance; whilst technical performance improved with longer playing durations and playing lower ranked opponents.
A novel image fusion method based on fuzzy contourlet transform

In this paper, a novel image fusion method based on fuzzy contourlet transform is presented. The algorithm can fuse corresponding information in different resolutions and directions, which makes the fused image clearer and more abundant in details. Meanwhile, because of the fuzzy logic's capacity of resolving uncertain problems, it overcomes the drawbacks of traditional fusion algorithm based on contourlet transform, and integrates as much information as possible into the fused image.