Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strong Evidence for a Buried Active Galactic Nucleus in UGC 5101: Implications for LINER-type Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies

We report on the results of 3-4 μm spectroscopy of the ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) UGC 5101. It has a cool far-infrared color and a LINER-type optical spectrum and so, based on a view gaining some currency, would be regarded as dominated by star formation. However, we find that it has strong 3.4 μm carbonaceous dust absorption, low equivalent width 3.3 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission, and a small 3.3 μm PAH-to-far-infrared luminosity ratio. This favors an alternative scenario, in which an energetically dominant active galactic nucleus (AGN) is present behind obscuring dust. The AGN is plausibly obscured along all lines of sight (a "buried AGN") rather than merely obscured along our particular line of sight. Such buried AGNs have previously been found in thermal infrared studies of the ULIRGs IRAS 08572+3915 and IRAS F00183-7111, both classified optically as LINERs. We argue that buried AGNs can produce LINER-type optical spectra and that at least some fraction of LINER-type ULIRGs are predominantly powered by buried AGNs.
Speed Change and Range Shift Control Schedule of the Multi-Range Hydro-Mechanical CVT for Farm Tractors

For the multi-range hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission (HMCVT) used in the farm tractor, on the purpose of getting the maximum driving capacity and avoiding shift circulation, a speed change and range shift control schedule is presented. An analysis of the pulling characteristics showed that: when engine runs on the maximum power point by governing transmission ratio, maximum pulling efficiency can be got at any polling force; and by means of the characteristic that the efficiency is different at the range shift point of two neighbor ranges, the changeable range of pulling force and engine speed can be located to avoid shift circulation. Thus a speed change and range shift control schedule that uses the speed control lever position, engine speed and range number as the calculation parameters is presented. This work laid the foundations of the development of the multi-range HMCVT automatic control system
Towards an Interactive Snowboarding Assistance System

Snowboarding is one of the fastest growing sports in the world. However, it is rather difficult to learn. Snowboarders, who have reached an average level of expertise, often find it difficult to improve their style without taking expensive private lessons. Moreover, some of their performed actions would not even be visible for the instructors, as they happen inside the shoes. We are therefore developing an interactive integrated sensor system on the snowboard and on the body, which is capable of assisting snowboarders on the piste and helps them improve their riding style.
Aloha That Works

The popularity of Aloha(-like) algorithms for resolution of contention between multiple entities accessing common resources is due to their extreme simplicity and distributed nature. Example applications of such an algorithm include Ethernet and recently emerging wireless multi-access networks. For more than four decades, various researchers have established the inefficiency of (the known versions of) such algorithms to varying degrees in various setups. However, the question that has remained unresolved is that of designing an algorithm that is essentially as simple and distributed as Aloha while being efficient. In this paper, we resolve this question successfully for a network of queues when contention is modeled through independent set constraints over the network graph. The work by Tassiulas and Ephremides (1992) suggests that an algorithm that schedules queues so that the summation of “weight” of scheduled queues is maximized subject to constraints, is efficient. However, implementing such an algorithm using Aloha like mechanism has remained a mystery. We design such an algorithm building upon a Metropolis-Hastings sampling mechanism along with selection of “weight” as an appropriate function of the queue size. The key ingredient in establishing the efficiency of the algorithm is a novel adiabatic-like theorem for the underlying queueing network, which may be of general interest in the context of dynamical systems.
Illumination Compensated Motion Estimation for Analysis Synthesis Coding

D Image Analysis and Synthesis, pp. 61-66,Erlangen, November 1996. In this paper we present two methods to improve the accuracy of three-dimensional motion estima- tion in analysis synthesis coding by using illumi- nation models. A Lambertian and a reflectance map approach are given which are both compu- tationally efficient. Experiments on real images show that the mean squared error between syn- thetic and camera images compared to global illu- mination compensation can be reduced by a fac- tor of 4 and 5, respectively.
Performance Analysis of Epileptic Seizure Detection Using DWT & ICA with Neural Networks

The electroencephalogram (EEG) signal plays an important role in the detection of epilepsy. The EEG recordings of the ambulatory recording systems generate very lengthy data and the detection of the epileptic activity requires a timeconsuming analysis of the entire length of the EEG data by an expert. The aim of this work is compare the automatic detection of EEG patterns using Discrete wavelet Transform (DWT) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Our method consists of EEG data collection, feature extraction and classification stages. DWT & ICA methods are used for feature extraction in the principle of time – frequency domain analysis. In classification stage we implement SVM & NN to detect epileptic seizure. Nural Network provides binary classification between preictal/ictal and interictal states. The study is carried out on EEG recordings of two epileptic patients; two classification models are derived from each patient. The models are then tested on the same patient and the other patient, comparing the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of each of the models. Index terms — Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Electroencephalogram (EEG).
SAE: Syntactic-based aspect and opinion extraction from product reviews

Aspect extraction is an important task in sentiment analysis to identify aspects in customer review products. Most existing works defines the pattern set manually or using heuristic approach. In this paper, we propose SAE, a Syntactical-based Aspect Extraction using decision tree and rule learning to generate the pattern set based on sequence labelling. We provide a comprehensive analysis of aspect extraction using pattern-based method and typed-dependency. The patterns will be used to identify and extract aspect term candidates in customer product review. First, we generate pattern set that identify aspect term candidates using decision tree and rule learning such as ID3, J48, Random Tree, Part and Prism, based on sequence labelling. The set of pattern is employed to produced aspect term candidates. We use a list of positive and negative opinion lexicon as aspect term candidates filtering. Finally, we combine the pattern-based method with typed dependency to remove irrelevant aspect term. The results showed that the combination of pattern-based and typed dependency can increase the performance. However, since our work is based on syntactic-based approach, it can be used to other domains, that is expected to include an unlimited domain datasets.
Exploiting an evolutionary accident in web3D communications to integrate application components

The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) ushered in a new era in computer graphics by providing the first international standard 3D format for the Web (web3D). Unfortunately, some who tried VRML applications found they did not work and naturally blamed the language. However, the problem often lay in the sensitivity to different client software environments of the programming interfaces used to extend VRML. In many cases, VRML applications had to be extended to include things VRML lacked, such as sophisticated user interface and interactivity, database access, multiuser support, security and system integration support. These important aspects of modern systems were added via a programming interface (PI), called the External Authoring Interface (EAI). The problem was that applications based on the EAI would not work reliably due to changes in the client environment by competitive commercial stakeholders, affecting things like the support for a required third party programming language. It is this problem that often lead to unsatisfactory user experiences, not VRML itself.Below the client battlefield radar, three small web3D functions accidentally evolved, in symbiosis with the Web, to provide an alternative integration method built on a simple but solid foundation: the Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP). HTTP is the protocol from which the very fabric of the Web was woven. This paper presents methods to integrate web3D application components directly via HTTP. The three web3D functions are used in combination to implement a communication cycle that makes use of persistent state stored in web services. The approach uses open standards, is portable across platforms and resilient to changes in client environment. Applications based on this approach will work more reliably on disparate end user systems and enable developers to leverage increasingly sophisticated web advances.
The employment of ex-military as teachers : the military, masculinity and moral regulation

This doctoral research has analyzed the employment of ex-military as teachers from a perspective of identity and culture. Using a single case study approach, including focus groups, interviews and observations, the research has explored a military academy within 'College', a further education institute in the south of England. Focusing particularly on the experiences of four teachers who had recently left the British Armed Forces, the analysis employs Pierre Bourdieu's habitus, field and capital to understand the macro, micro and subject level influences that shape field practice. It is proposed that, at a macro level, moralizing discourse regarding undesirable working class youth has been positioned against an idealized masculine military power identity. This has overlaid existing discourse regarding the feminized nature of teaching and the marketization of education. This can be viewed as an ideological tension between a pervading centre-right perspective of education as a tool of social order and preparing the young for employment, dominating a broader liberal egalitarian ideal of education for comprehensive social reform. At a micro level, the construction of military identities was accomplished through capital exchanges regarding military experience and relational processes of differentiation with feminized 'others'. Student identity work used processes of imagination, constructing imagined social capitals through storytelling, symbolic interaction and ritualized performance. It is proposed that socialization with idealized military types, providing conceptualized forms of idealized vocational habitus, provided access to powerful imagined capitals on which students were able to draw in the construction of new identities. The research indicates that there are both positive and negative outcomes to this identity work. The data shows that the identity work through the differentiation of feminized ‘others’ can lead to behaviours that could be viewed as aggressive or abusive. The research also argues that this identity work can have a motivating effect on students who want to join the Armed Forces, leading to successful educational attainment where identity narratives supported academic practice. With respect to the ex-military teachers themselves, the research witnessed the most successful transitions being made by the youngest members; the oldest member struggled to change to the new field conditions, his cultured military habitus disposing him to military practice, resulting in him positioning himself professionally through the capitals of his past.
Label correspondence learning for part-of-speech annotation transformation

The performance of machine learning methods heavily depends on the volume of used training data. For the purpose of dataset enlargement, it is of interest to study the problem of unifying multiple labeled datasets with different annotation standards. In this paper, we focus on the case of unifying datasets for sequence labeling problems with natural language part-of-speech (POS) tagging as an examplar application. To this end, we propose a probabilistic approach to transforming the annotations of one dataset to the standard specified by another dataset. The key component of the approach, named as label correspondence learning, serves as a bridge of annotations from the datasets. Two methods designed from distinct perspectives are proposed to attack this sub-problem. Experiments on two large-scale part-of-speech datasets demonstrate the efficacy of the transformation and label correspondence learning methods.
Gender and stereotypes in motivation to study computer programming for careers in multimedia

A multimedia university programme with relatively equal numbers of male and female students in elective programming subjects provided a rare opportunity to investigate female motivation to study and pursue computer programming in a career. The MSLQ was used to survey 85 participants. In common with research into deterrence of females from STEM domains, females displayed significantly lower self-efficacy and expectancy for success. In contrast to research into deterrence of females from STEM domains, both genders placed similar high values on computer programming and shared high extrinsic and intrinsic goal orientation. The authors propose that the stereotype associated with a creative multimedia career could attract female participation in computer programming whereas the stereotype associated with computer science could be a deterrent.
General quantum key distribution in higher dimension

We study a general quantum key distribution protocol in higher dimension. In this protocol, quantum states in arbitrary $g+1$ ($1\le g\le d$) out of all $d+1$ mutually unbiased bases in a d-dimensional system can be used for the key encoding. This provides a natural generalization of the quantum key distribution in higher dimension and recovers the previously known results for $g=1$ and $d$. In our investigation, we study Eve's attack by two slightly different approaches. One is considering the optimal cloner for Eve, and the other, defined as the optimal attack, is maximizing Eve's information. We derive results for both approaches and show the deviation of the optimal cloner from the optimal attack. With our systematic investigation of the quantum key distribution protocols in higher dimension, one may balance the security gain and the implementation cost by changing the number of bases in the key encoding. As a side product, we also prove the equivalency between the optimal phase covariant quantum cloning machine and the optimal cloner for the $g=d-1$ quantum key distribution.
Summary and Validation of New Animal-Free Toxicity Tests

Summary Alternatives to animal testing have been developed mainly in the fields of toxicology and vaccine testing. Typical examples are the evaluation of phototoxicity, eye irritation, or skin corrosion resulting from cosmetics and industrial chemicals. Examples also can be found in other biomedical areas, however, including the control of the quality of drug preparations or for the control of the production process of biologics. For regulatory purposes, the quality, transferability, and predictivity of an alternative method need to be evaluated. This procedure often is called the “validation process” of a new method. It follows defined rules, and several governmental institutions have been established to perform, supervise, or advise on this process. As this often results in a delay of method implementation, different alternatives for the evaluation of a method’s suitability and quality are subject to discussion. We describe here the principles of model development and quality control. We also give an overview of methods that have undergone validation. Strengths and shortcomings of traditional approaches are discussed, and new developments and challenges are outlined.
Participation, power and social research in Central Australia

In Central Australia, where alienation, oppression and powerlessness of Aboriginal interests dominate social relations, social analysts face significant ethical, methodological and political dilemmas. The fact that such dilemmas have been debated for many years does not eliminate the difficulties. As Bell observed of sociology, most social analysis seems to be done 'on the relatively powerless for the relatively powerful' (Bell 1978, 25, emphasis added). The need to redirect research in Aboriginal affairs away from this dominant model towards Aboriginal empowerment, has long been recognised both by researchers and politically active Aboriginal people. For example, the Central Australian Aboriginal Congress presented a declaration to the Anthropology section of ANZAAS in 1982 in the following terms (Central Australian Aboriginal Congress 1982, 2).
Shape from Specular Flow

An image of a specular (mirror-like) object is nothing but a distorted reflection of its environment. When the environment is unknown, reconstructing shape from such an image can be very difficult. This reconstruction task can be made tractable when, instead of a single image, one observes relative motion between the specular object and its environment, and therefore, a motion field-or specular flow-in the image plane. In this paper, we study the shape from specular flow problem and show that observable specular flow is directly related to surface shape through a nonlinear partial differential equation. This equation has the key property of depending only on the relative motion of the environment while being independent of its content. We take first steps toward understanding and exploiting this PDE, and we examine its qualitative properties in relation to shape geometry. We analyze several cases in which the surface shape can be recovered in closed form, and we show that, under certain conditions, specular shape can be reconstructed when both the relative motion and the content of the environment are unknown. We discuss numerical issues related to the proposed reconstruction algorithms, and we validate our findings using both real and synthetic data.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors : Opening a new field of research in the development of alternative methods ?

In the present study, the ability of the hydroxamate histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor 4-Me2N-BAVAH (5-(4-dimethylaminobenzoyl)-aminovaleric acid hydroxamate) to prevent dedifferentiation in cultures of primary hepatocytes is investigated. To this end, rat hepatocytes were isolated in the presence of 50μM 4-Me2N-BAVAH and exposure was subsequently continued for 7 days in monolayer culture (0.05% v/v ethanol-exposed cultures served as vehicle controls). It was found that in the continuous presence of 4-Me2NBAVAH, albumin secretion into the culture medium was 2.9and 5.3-fold higher when compared to the control results after 4 and 7 days of cultivation, respectively. CYP1A1 was re-expressed after 4 days culture, but declined again thereafter, whilst CYP2B1 protein levels were maintained throughout the culture time in 4-Me2N-BAVAH-treated cells. In addition, pro-caspase-3 cleavage was significantly reduced after 7 days, pointing to decreased apoptosis and thus improved survival in the 4-Me2N-BAVAH-exposed hepatocytes. These findings provide additional evidence that HDAC inhibitors could play a major role in the preservation of the differentiated hepatic phenotype in vitro.
A Mechanism of Male Germ Cell Apoptosis Induced by Bisphenol-A and Nonylphenol Involving ADAM17 and p38 MAPK Activation

Germ cell apoptosis regulation is pivotal in order to maintain proper daily sperm production. Several reports have shown that endocrine disruptors such as Bisphenol-A (BPA) and Nonylphenol (NP) induce germ cell apoptosis along with a decrease in sperm production. Given their ubiquitous distribution in plastic products used by humans it is important to clarify their mechanism of action. TACE/ADAM17 is a widely distributed extracellular metalloprotease and participates in the physiological apoptosis of germ cells during spermatogenesis. The aims of this work were: 1) to determine whether BPA and NP induce ADAM17 activation; and 2) to study whether ADAM17 and/or ADAM10 are involved in germ cell apoptosis induced by BPA and NP in the pubertal rat testis. A single dose of BPA or NP (50 mg/kg) induces germ cell apoptosis in 21-day-old male rats, which was prevented by a pharmacological inhibitor of ADAM17, but not by an inhibitor of ADAM10. In vitro, we showed that BPA and NP, at similar concentrations to those found in human samples, induce the shedding of exogenous and endogenous (TNF-α) ADAM17 substrates in primary rat Sertoli cell cultures and TM4 cell line. In addition, pharmacological inhibitors of metalloproteases and genetic silencing of ADAM17 prevent the shedding induced in vitro by BPA and NP. Finally, we showed that in vivo BPA and NP induced early activation (phosphorylation) of p38 MAPK and translocation of ADAM17 to the cell surface. Interestingly, the inhibition of p38 MAPK prevents germ cell apoptosis and translocation of ADAM17 to the cell surface. These results show for the first time that xenoestrogens can induce activation of ADAM17 at concentrations similar to those found in human samples, suggesting a mechanism by which they could imbalance para/juxtacrine cell-to-cell-communication and induce germ cell apoptosis.
A swarm-based rough set approach for FMRI data analysis

The functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is one of the most important tools for exploring the operation of the brain as it allows the spatially localized characteristics of brain activity to be observed. However, fMRI studies generate huge volumes of data and the signals of interest have low signal to noise ratio making its analysis a very challenging problem. There is a growing need for new methods that can efficiently and objectively extract the useful information from fMRI data and translate it into intelligible knowledge. In this paper, we introduce a swarm-based rough set approach to fMRI data analysis. Our approach is based on exploiting the power of particle swarm optimization to discover the feature combinations in an efficient manner by observing the change in positive region as the particles proceed through the search space. The approach supports multi-knowledge extraction. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using benchmark and fMRI datasets. The results demonstrate its potential value for cognition research.