Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explicit constructions of RIP matrices and related problems

We give a new explicit construction ofn×N matrices satisfying the Restricted Isometry Property (RIP). Namely, for some e > 0, largeN , and anyn satisfyingN1−e ≤ n ≤ N , we construct RIP matrices of order k ≥ n1/2+e and constant δ = n−e. This overcomes the natural barrier k = O(n1/2) for proofs based on small coherence, which are used in all previous explicit constructions of RIP matrices. Key ingredients in our proof are new estimates for sumsets in product sets and for exponential sums with the products of sets possessing special additive structure. We also give a construction of sets of n complex numbers whose kth moments are uniformly small for 1 ≤ k ≤ N (Turan’s power sum problem), which improves upon known explicit constructions when (logN)1+o(1) ≤ n ≤ (logN)4+o(1). This latter construction produces elementary explicit examples of n×N matrices that satisfy the RIP and whose columns constitute a new spherical code; for those problems the parameters closely match those of existing constructions in the range (logN )1+o(1) ≤ n ≤ (logN)5/2+o(1).
Continuous Deep Sedation at the End of Life and the ‘Natural Death’ Hypothesis

Surveys in different countries (e.g. the UK, Belgium and The Netherlands) show a marked recent increase in the incidence of continuous deep sedation at the end of life (CDS). Several hypotheses can be formulated to explain the increasing performance of this practice. In this paper we focus on what we call the 'natural death' hypothesis, i.e. the hypothesis that acceptance of CDS has spread rapidly because death after CDS can be perceived as a 'natural' death by medical practitioners, patients' relatives and patients. We attempt to show that the label 'natural' cannot be unproblematically applied to the nature of this end-of-life practice. We argue that the labeling of death following CDS as 'natural' death is related to a complex set of mechanisms which facilitate the use of this practice. However, our criticism does not preclude the view that CDS may be clinically and ethically justified in many cases.
A DUAL TREE COMPLEX WAVELET TRANSFORM CONSTRUCTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO IMAGE DENOISING

This paper discusses the application of complex discrete wavelet transform (CDWT) which has significant advantages over real wavelet transform for certain signal processing problems. CDWT is a form of discrete wavelet transform, which generates complex coefficients by using a dual tree of wavelet filters to obtain their real and imaginary parts. The paper is divided into three sections. The first section deals with the disadvantage of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and method to overcome it. The second section of the paper is devoted to the theoretical analysis of complex wavelet transform and the last section deals with its verification using the simulated images.
International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining ( ASONAM ) Social Event Network Analysis : Structure , Preferences , and Reality

This paper focuses on the analysis of socio-spatial data, i. e. , user–performance relations at a distributed event. We consider the data as a bimodal network (i. e., model it as a bipartite graph), and investigate its structural characteristics towards a social network. We focus on plans of the participants (expressed by preferences) and their fulfilment, and propose measures for matching preference and reality. We specifically analyse behavioural patterns w.r. t. distinct user and performance groups. We utilise real-world data collected at the Lange Nacht der Musik (Long Night of Music) 2013 in Munich.
Recurrent Transition Hierarchies for Continual Learning: A General Overview

Continual learning is the unending process of learning new things on top of what has already been learned (Ring 1994). Temporal Transition Hierarchies (TTHs) were developed to allow prediction of Markov-k sequences in a way that was consistent with the needs of a continual-learning agent (Ring 1993). However, the algorithm could not learn arbitrary temporal contingencies. This paper describes Recurrent Transition Hierarchies (RTH), a learning method that combines several properties desirable for agents that must learn as they go. In particular, it learns online and incrementally, autonomously discovering new features as learning progresses. It requires no reset or episodes. It has a simple learning rule with update complexity linear in the number of parameters.
Predicting Electricity Distribution Feeder Failures Using Machine Learning Susceptibility Analysis

A Machine Learning (ML) System known as ROAMS (Ranker for Open-Auto Maintenance Scheduling) was developed to create failure-susceptibility rankings for almost one thousand 13.8kV-27kV energy distribution feeder cables that supply electricity to the boroughs of New York City. In Manhattan, rankings are updated every 20 minutes and displayed on distribution system operators' screens. Additionally, a separate system makes seasonal predictions of failure susceptibility. These feeder failures, known as "Open Autos" or "O/As," are a significant maintenance problem. A year's sustained research has led to a system that demonstrates high accuracy: 75% of the feeders that actually failed over the summer of 2005 were in the 25% of feeders ranked as most at-risk. By the end of the summer, the 100 most susceptible feeders as ranked by the ML system were accounting for up to 40% of all O/As that subsequently occurred each day. The system's algorithm also identifies the factors underlying failures which change over time and with varying conditions (especially temperature), providing insights into the operating properties and failure causes in the feeder system.
On The Way To Linguistic Representation: Neuromagnetic Evidence of Early Auditory Abstraction in the Perception of Speech and Pitch

Title of Document: ON THE WAY TO LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION: NEUROMAGNETIC EVIDENCE OF EARLY AUDITORY ABSTRACTION IN THE PERCEPTION OF SPEECH AND PITCH Philip J. Monahan, Ph.D., 2009 Directed By: Assoc. Prof. William J. Idsardi, Linguistics Prof. David Poeppel, Linguistics & Biology The goal of this dissertation is to show that even at the earliest (non-invasive) recordable stages of auditory cortical processing, we find evidence that cortex is calculating abstract representations from the acoustic signal. Looking across two distinct domains (inferential pitch perception and vowel normalization), I present evidence demonstrating that the M100, an automatic evoked neuromagnetic component that localizes to primary auditory cortex is sensitive to abstract computations. The M100 typically responds to physical properties of the stimulus in auditory and speech perception and integrates only over the first 25 to 40 ms of stimulus onset, providing a reliable dependent measure that allows us to tap into early stages of auditory cortical processing. In Chapter 2, I briefly present the episodicist position on speech perception and discuss research indicating that the strongest episodicist position is untenable. I then review findings from the mismatch negativity literature, where proposals have been made that the MMN allows access into linguistic representations supported by auditory cortex. Finally, I conclude the Chapter with a discussion of the previous findings on the M100/N1. In Chapter 3, I present neuromagnetic data showing that the response properties of the M100 are sensitive to the missing fundamental component using well-controlled stimuli. These findings suggest that listeners are reconstructing the inferred pitch by 100 ms after stimulus onset. In Chapter 4, I propose a novel formant ratio algorithm in which the third formant (F3) is the normalizing factor. The goal of formant ratio proposals is to provide an explicit algorithm that successfully “eliminates” speaker-dependent acoustic variation of auditory vowel tokens. Results from two MEG experiments suggest that auditory cortex is sensitive to formant ratios and that the perceptual system shows heightened sensitivity to tokens located in more densely populated regions of the vowel space. In Chapter 5, I report MEG results that suggest early auditory cortical processing is sensitive to violations of a phonological constraint on sound sequencing, suggesting that listeners make highly specific, knowledge-based predictions about rather abstract anticipated properties of the upcoming speech signal and violations of these predictions are evident in early cortical processing. ON THE WAY TO LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION: NEUROMAGNETIC EVIDENCE OF EARLY AUDITORY ABSTRACTION IN THE PERCEPTION OF SPEECH AND PITCH
Predicting the Direction of Stock Market Index Movement Using an Optimized Artificial Neural Network Model

In the business sector, it has always been a difficult task to predict the exact daily price of the stock market index; hence, there is a great deal of research being conducted regarding the prediction of the direction of stock price index movement. Many factors such as political events, general economic conditions, and traders’ expectations may have an influence on the stock market index. There are numerous research studies that use similar indicators to forecast the direction of the stock market index. In this study, we compare two basic types of input variables to predict the direction of the daily stock market index. The main contribution of this study is the ability to predict the direction of the next day’s price of the Japanese stock market index by using an optimized artificial neural network (ANN) model. To improve the prediction accuracy of the trend of the stock market index in the future, we optimize the ANN model using genetic algorithms (GA). We demonstrate and verify the predictability of stock price direction by using the hybrid GA-ANN model and then compare the performance with prior studies. Empirical results show that the Type 2 input variables can generate a higher forecast accuracy and that it is possible to enhance the performance of the optimized ANN model by selecting input variables appropriately.
Continuous Acquisition of MHC:Peptide Complexes by Recipient Cells Contributes to the Generation of Anti‐Graft CD8+ T Cell Immunity

Understanding the evolution of the direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition following tissue transplantation is essential in the design of tolerance‐promoting protocols. On the basis that donor bone marrow–derived antigen‐presenting cells are eliminated within days of transplantation, it has been argued that the indirect response represents the major threat to long‐term transplant survival, and is consequently the key target for regulation. However, the detection of MHC transfer between cells, and particularly the capture of MHC:peptide complexes by dendritic cells (DCs), led us to propose a third, semidirect, pathway of MHC allorecognition. Persistence of this pathway would lead to sustained activation of direct‐pathway T cells, arguably persisting for the life of the transplant. In this study, we focused on the contribution of acquired MHC‐class I on recipient DCs during the life span of a skin graft. We observed that MHC‐class I acquisition by recipient DCs occurs for at least 1 month following transplantation and may be the main source of alloantigen that drives CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses. In addition, acquired MHC‐class I:peptide complexes stimulate T cell responses in vivo, further emphasizing the need to regulate both pathways to induce indefinite survival of the graft.
LIGHT COMPENSATION

Digital camera often produces undesired result when working under improper light condition. The details of dark regions are too obscure to be recognized, and it would not be a good picture that the photographers wish. To solve the problem, we enhance the image with two phases. First we enhance the image by adjusting the brightness of the image; second we enhance the major details and the details in dark region to be more distinct. Our results show that we can light up the dark regions, and keep the bright regions from overexposure.
Sketch-a-TUI: low cost prototyping of tangible interactions using cardboard and conductive ink

Graspable tangibles are now being explored on the current generation of capacitive touch surfaces, such as the iPad and the Android tablet. Because the size and form factor is relatively new, early and low fidelity prototyping of these TUIs is crucial in getting the right design. The problem is that it is difficult for the average interaction designer to develop such physical prototypes. They require a substantial amount time and effort to physically model the tangibles, and expertise in electronics to instrument them. Thus prototyping is sometimes handed off to specialists, or is limited to only a few design iterations and alternative designs. Our solution contributes a low fidelity prototyping approach that is time and cost effective, and that requires no electronics knowledge. First, we supply non-specialists with cardboard forms to create tangibles. Second, we have them draw lines on it via conductive ink, which makes their objects recognizable by the capacitive touch screen. They can then apply routine programming to recognize these tangibles and thus iterate over various designs.
Polygalacturonase Production by Agrobacterium tumefaciens Biovar 3

Agrobacterium tumefaciens biovar 3 causes both crown gall and root decay of grape. Twenty-two Agrobacterium strains representing biovars 1, 2, and 3 were analyzed for tumorigenicity, presence of a Ti plasmid, ability to cause grape seedling root decay, and pectolytic activity. All of the biovar 3 strains, regardless of their tumorigenicity or presence of a Ti plasmid, caused root decay and were pectolytic, whereas none of the biovar 1 and 2 strains had these capacities. Isoelectrically focused gels that were activity stained with differentially buffered polygalacturonate-agarose overlays revealed that all of the biovar 3 strains produced a single polygalacturonase with a pH optimum of 4.5 and pIs ranging from 4.8 to 5.2. The enzyme was largely extracellular and was produced constitutively in basal medium supplemented with a variety of carbon sources including polygalacturonic acid. Lesions on grape seedling roots inoculated with A. tumefaciens biovar 3 strain CG49 yielded polygalacturonase activity with a pI similar to that of the enzyme produced by the bacterium in culture. These observations support the hypothesis that the polygalacturonase produced by A. tumefaciens biovar 3 has a role in grape root decay.
Fully Succinct Garbled RAM

We construct the first fully succinct garbling scheme for RAM programs, assuming the existence of indistinguishability obfuscation for circuits and one-way functions. That is, the size, space requirements, and runtime of the garbled program are the same as those of the input program, up to poly-logarithmic factors and a polynomial in the security parameter. The scheme can be used to construct indistinguishability obfuscators for RAM programs with comparable efficiency, at the price of requiring sub-exponential security of the underlying primitives. In particular, this opens the door to obfuscated computations that are sublinear in the length of their inputs. The scheme builds on the recent schemes of Koppula-Lewko-Waters and Canetti-Holmgren-Jain-Vaikuntanathan [STOC 15]. A key technical challenge here is how to combine the fixed-prefix technique of KLW, which was developed for deterministic programs, with randomized Oblivious RAM techniques. To overcome that, we develop a method for arguing about the indistinguishability of two obfuscated randomized programs that use correlated randomness. Along the way, we also define and construct garbling schemes that offer only partial protection. These may be of independent interest.
Variational Neural Discourse Relation Recognizer

Implicit discourse relation recognition is a crucial component for automatic discourselevel analysis and nature language understanding. Previous studies exploit discriminative models that are built on either powerful manual features or deep discourse representations. In this paper, instead, we explore generative models and propose a variational neural discourse relation recognizer. We refer to this model as VarNDRR. VarNDRR establishes a directed probabilistic model with a latent continuous variable that generates both a discourse and the relation between the two arguments of the discourse. In order to perform efficient inference and learning, we introduce neural discourse relation models to approximate the prior and posterior distributions of the latent variable, and employ these approximated distributions to optimize a reparameterized variational lower bound. This allows VarNDRR to be trained with standard stochastic gradient methods. Experiments on the benchmark data set show that VarNDRR can achieve comparable results against stateof- the-art baselines without using any manual features.
Conformational Propensities of Peptides Mimicking Transmembrane Helix 5 and Motif C in Wild-type and Mutant Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporters.

Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) is a member of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). It contains conserved sequence motifs originally defined in the bacterial multidrug resistance transporter family of the MFS. Motif C (GSLV(227) A(228)PPFGGIL) is located at the C-terminal end of transmembrane helix 5 (TM 5) in VAChT. The motif is rich in glycine and proline residues that often have special roles in backbone conformations of TMs. The A228G mutant of VAChT transports > 3-fold faster than wild type does [Chandrasekaran et al. (2006)J. Neurochem. 98, 1551-1559. ]. In the current study, the structure of Loop 4/5, TM 5, and Motif C were taken from a three-dimensional homology model for human VAChT. The peptide was immersed in implicit membrane, energy minimized, and molecular dynamics (MD) were simulated. Kinking and wobbling occur in otherwise helical peptide at the hinge residues L226 and V227. MD also were simulated for A228G single-mutant and V227L-A228A double-mutant peptides to investigate the structural roles of the A228G mutation and beta-branching at V227. Mutant peptides exhibit increased wobbling at the hinge residues, but in the double mutant the increase is less. Because Motif C participates in the interface that mediates hypothesized rocker-switch re-orientation of the acetylcholine binding site during transport, dynamics in Motif C might be an important contributor to transport rate.
Tuning the Tadpole Improved Clover Wilson Action on Coarse Anisotropic Lattices

Wilson quark action, with tadpole improved clover term added, is studied on coarse anisotropic lattices. The bare velocity of light parameter in this action is determined non-perturbatively using the pseudo-scalar and vector meson dispersion relations for various values of the gauge coupling $\beta$ and bare quark mass parameter $\kappa$.
Mini-chromosome maintenance complexes form a filament to remodel DNA structure and topology

Deregulation of mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins are associated with genomic instability and cellular abnormality. MCM complexes are recruited to replication origins for S phase genome duplication. Paradoxically, MCM proteins are expressed in large number of origins and are associated with unreplicated chromatin regions away from the origins during G1 and S phases. We report an unusually wide left-handed filament structure for an archeal MCM, as determined by X-ray and electron microscopy. The crystal structure reveals that an α-helix bundle formed between two neighboring subunits plays a critical role in filament formation which we show through mutation and electron microscopy. The filament interior has a remarkably strong electro-positive surface spiraling along the inner filament channel which we establish as the binding site for double-stranded DNA. We find that MCM filament binding to DNA causes dramatic topological changes which negatively supercoil circular DNA through inducing loosening of the double helix. This newly identified biochemical activity of MCM may imply a wider functional role for MCM in DNA metabolism beyond helicase function, for the non-origin bound MCMs. Finally, using yeast genetics, we show that the inter–subunit interactions important for MCM filament formation play a role for cell growth and survival.
Molecular characterization of tetracycline- and quinolone-resistant Aeromonas salmonicida isolated in Korea

The antibiotic resistance of 16 Aeromonas (A.) salmonicida strains isolated from diseased fish and environmental samples in Korea from 2006 to 2009 were investigated in this study. Tetracycline or quinolone resistance was observed in eight and 16 of the isolates, respectively, based on the measured minimal inhibitory concentrations. Among the tetracycline-resistant strains, seven of the isolates harbored tetA gene and one isolate harbored tetE gene. Additionally, quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) consisting of the gyrA and parC genes were amplified and sequenced. Among the quinolone-resistant A. salmonicida strains, 15 harbored point mutations in the gyrA codon 83 which were responsible for the corresponding amino acid substitutions of Ser83→Arg83 or Ser83→Asn83. We detected no point mutations in other QRDRs, such as gyrA codons 87 and 92, and parC codons 80 and 84. Genetic similarity was assessed via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the results indicated high clonality among the Korean antibiotic-resistant strains of A. salmonicida.
Identifying Useful Statistical Indicators of Proximity to Instability in Stochastic Power Systems

Prior research has shown that autocorrelation and variance in voltage measurements tend to increase as power systems approach instability. This paper seeks to identify the conditions under which these statistical indicators provide reliable early warning of instability in power systems. First, the paper derives and validates a semi-analytical method for quickly calculating the expected variance and autocorrelation of all voltages and currents in an arbitrary power system model. Building on this approach, the paper describes the conditions under which filtering can be used to detect these signs in the presence of measurement noise. Finally, several experiments show which types of measurements are good indicators of proximity to instability for particular types of state changes. For example, increased variance in voltages can reliably indicate both proximity to a bifurcation and the location of increased stress. On the other hand, growth of autocorrelation in certain line currents is related less to a specific location of stress but, rather, is a reliable indicator of stress occurring somewhere in the system; in particular, it would be a clear indicator of approaching instability when many nodes in an area are under stress.
Role of SCF Ubiquitin-Ligase and the COP9 Signalosome in the N Gene–Mediated Resistance Response to Tobacco mosaic virus Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.002493.

The tobacco N gene confers resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and encodes a toll–interleukin-1 receptor/nucleotide binding/Leu-rich repeat class protein. Recent evidence indicates that the Nicotiana benthamiana Rar1 gene (NbRar1), which encodes a protein with a zinc finger motif called CHORD (Cys- and His-rich domain), is required for the function of N. To investigate the role of NbRar1 in plant defense, we identified its interaction partners. We show that the NbRar1 protein interacts with NbSGT1, a highly conserved component of the SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in protein degradation. In addition, we show that NbSGT1 interacts with NbSKP1. Suppression of NbSGT1 and NbSKP1 shows that these genes play an important role in the N-mediated resistance response to TMV. Both NbRar1 and NbSGT1 associate with the COP9 signalosome, another multiprotein complex involved in protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Silencing of the NbCOP9 signalosome also compromises N-mediated resistance to TMV. Our results reveal new roles for SCF and the COP9 signalosome in plant defense signaling.