Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dependence of Reactive Oxygen Species and FLICE Inhibitory Protein on Lipofectamine-Induced Apoptosis in Human Lung Epithelial Cells

Cationic liposomes such as Lipofectamine (LF) are widely used as nonviral gene delivery vectors; however, their clinical application is limited by their cytotoxicity. These agents have been shown to induce apoptosis as the primary mode of cell death, but their mechanism of action is not well understood. The present study investigated the mechanism of LF-induced apoptosis and examined the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process. We found that LF induced apoptosis of human epithelial H460 cells through a mechanism that involves caspase activation and ROS generation. Inhibition of caspase activity by pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) or by specific caspase-8 inhibitor (z-IETD-fmk) or caspase-9 inhibitor (z-LEHD-fmk) inhibited the apoptotic effect of LF. Overexpression of FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP) or B-cell lymphoma-2, which are known inhibitors of the extrinsic and intrinsic death pathways, respectively, similarly inhibited apoptosis by LF. Induction of apoptosis by LF was shown to require ROS generation because its inhibition by ROS scavengers or by ectopic expression of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase strongly inhibited the apoptotic effect of LF. Electron spin resonance studies showed that LF induced multiple ROS; however, superoxide was found to be the primary ROS responsible for LF-induced apoptosis. The mechanism by which ROS mediate the apoptotic effect of LF involves down-regulation of FLIP through the ubiquitination pathway. In demonstrating the role of FLIP and ROS in LF death signaling, we document a novel mechanism of apoptosis regulation that may be exploited to decrease cytotoxicity and increase gene transfection efficiency of cationic liposomes.
Paranoid Ideation and Assessments of Trust

The ability to make accurate social judgements is crucial to effective functioning in society. Individuals suffering from paranoia are suspicious and mistrustful of others and consequently may have difficulties accurately assessing information about others within their environment. We investigated the effects of paranoid ideation on evaluations of trustworthiness from unfamiliar faces in a non-clinical sample. Measures of paranoid beliefs about others were used to assess 122 typically developing young adults. Individuals categorised with high paranoid ideation (n = 25) and low paranoid ideation (n = 23) subsequently rated unfamiliar faces that had previously been manipulated to look untrustworthy, of average trust, and trustworthy. Individuals high in paranoid ideation rated faces as significantly less trustworthy than those low in paranoid ideation. Both groups altered their ratings according to the trustworthiness of the face, but those high in paranoia rated all faces as less trustworthy. The findings suggest a bias in social judgements in individuals with high levels of paranoid ideation. They are able to judge faces for trustworthiness but have a bias towards a lower estimation of trust.
Human MAP Tau Based Targeted Cytolytic Fusion Proteins

Some of the most promising small molecule toxins used to generate antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) include anti-mitotic agents (e.g., auristatin and its derivatives) which are designed to attack cancerous cells at their most vulnerable state during mitosis. We were interested in identifying a human cystostatic protein eventually showing comparable activities and allowing the generation of corresponding targeted fully human cytolytic fusion proteins. Recently, we identified the human microtubule associated protein tau (MAP tau), which binds specifically to tubulin and modulates the stability of microtubules, thereby blocking mitosis and presumably vesicular transport. By binding and stabilizing polymerized microtubule filaments, MAP tau-based fusion proteins skew microtubule dynamics towards cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This biological activity makes rapidly proliferating cells (e.g., cancer and inflammatory cells) an excellent target for MAP tau-based targeted treatments. Their superior selectivity for proliferating cells confers additional selectivity towards upregulated tumor-associated antigens at their surface, thereby preventing off-target related toxicity against normal cells bearing tumor-associated antigens at physiologically normal to low levels. In this review, we highlight recent findings on MAP tau-based targeted cytolytic fusion proteins reported in preclinical immunotherapeutic studies.
Modeling Wages and Hours of Work

This paper consists of two parts. In the first part we introduce a wage model and in the second part we construct a household labor supply model. Both models are intended to be a part of the dynamic micro simulation model, Sesim, developed by the Ministry of Finance, Sweden. Hourly wage rates are explained by a random coefficient panel data model. To avoid the sample-selection problem a model explaining the probability of observing a wage rate is suggested. Labor supply of single- and two-adult households are modeled as a discrete choice problem. The household labor supply model is estimated assuming that preference for leisure and consumption can be described by a direct translog utility function. When constructing the households’ budget sets the complete taxation scheme and the main social benefit programs are taken into account. The wage elasticities are estimated to about 0.3 for both females and males, irrespective of the household type. However, the responses to simulated tax reforms differ between sexes and household types.
Carbon Intensity-Aware Adaptive Inference of DNNs

DNN inference, known for its significant energy consumption and the resulting high carbon footprint, can be made more sustainable by adapting model size and accuracy to the varying carbon intensity throughout the day. Our heuristic algorithm uses larger, high-accuracy models during low-intensity periods and smaller, lower-accuracy ones during high-intensity periods. We also introduce a metric, carbon-emission efficiency, which quantitatively measures the efficacy of adaptive model selection in terms of carbon footprint. The evaluation showed that the proposed approach could improve the carbon emission efficiency in improving the accuracy of vision recognition services by up to 80%.
Evaluation of PCNA, Caspase 3 and E-cadherin on the Ventral Prostate of Soy Treated Rats

The incidence of certain cancers, including prostate cancer, is considerably higher in western countries than in Southeast Asia. Many studies have linked soy consumption to the lower incidence of prostate cancer in these countries. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized and divided into a control group and a group treated with soy. The ventral prostates of each animal were sectioned and stained with hematoxilin-eosin for morphological description and immunostained to detect PCNA, cleaved caspase 3 and E-cadherin immunoreactivities. Estimates of the number of total epithelial cells and the number of epithelial cells immunoreactive to PCNA and cleaved caspase 3 were calculated using the optical disector technique. Measurement of E-cadherin was carried out by calculating the volume fraction of epithe- lium immunostained by E-cadherin. Soy treated group showed atrophy in the epithelium and a diminished expression of PCNA, cleaved caspase 3 and E-cadherin, which means there is a reduced cell proliferation, apoptosis through caspases way and cell adherence. It can be concluded that soy treatment induces atrophy in the epithelium by reducing cell prolif- eration.
HIGH AND LOW ACHIEVERS ’ CLASSROOM INTERACTION PATTERNS IN AN UPPER PRIMARY CLASSROOM

This study sought to examine if students’ achievement level influenced their interaction levels in the classroom. It used qualitative data gathering methods of semi-participant observations, field notes and semi-structured interviews to describe and investigate the nature and frequency of the interaction patterns of three high and three low achieving students in one upper primary classroom. Significant factors influencing high and low achievers’ willingness to initiate interactions in the classroom were also investigated.
Isolation and characterization of actin and actin-binding protein from human platelets

Human blood platelets, which are highly motile cells essential for the maintenance of hemostasis, contain large quantities of actin and other contractile proteins. We have previously introduced a method (Lucas, R. C., T. C. Detwiler, and A. Stracher, J. Cell Biol., 1976, 70(2, Pt. 2):259 a) for the quantitative recovery of the platelets' cytoskeleton using a solution containing 1% Triton X-100 and 10 mM EGTA. This cytoskeleton contains most of the platelets' actin, actin-binding protein (ABP, subunit molecular weight = 260,000), and a 105,000-dalton protein. Negative staining of this Triton-insoluble residue on an EM grid shows it to consist of branched cables of actin filaments aligned in parallel. When this cytoskeletal structure is dissolved in high-salt solutions, the actin and ABP dissociate and can subsequently be separated. Here we will present simple and rapid methods for the individual purifications of platelet actin and platelet ABP. When purified actin and ABP are recombined in vitro, they are shown to be both necessary and sufficient for the reformation of the cytoskeletal complex. The reformed structure is visualized as a complex array of fibers, which at the EM level are seen to be bundles of actin filaments. The reformation of the cytoskeleton requires only that the actin be in the filamentous form--no accessory proteins, chelating agents, divalent cations, or energy sources are necessary. In vivo, however, the state of assembly of the platelets' cytoskeleton appears to be under the control of the intracellular concentration of free calcium. Under conditions where proteolysis is inhibited and EGTA is omitted from the Triton-solubilization step, no cytoskeleton can be isolated. The ability of Ca+2 to control the assembly and disassembly of the platelets' cytoskeleton provides a mechanism for cytoskeletal involvement in shape change and pseudopod formation during platelet activation.
MOOCs and the Online Delivery of Business Education: What's New? What's Not? What Now?

While the past two decades have produced much promise (and accompanying research) on the use of information technology (IT) in business school courses, it is not entirely clear whether IT has truly 'transformed' management education. There are compelling arguments on both sides. On one hand, advocates for the transformative role of IT can point to several success stories. On the other hand, skeptics on the role of IT in management education can also point to support for their view.This lack of consensus has led researchers in Academy of Management Learning and Education to call for scholars to confront the bias against online education (Redpath, 2012) and engage in serious research on online education (Arbaugh, DeArmond, & Rau, 2013). In this work, we respond to these calls for research by using Adaptive Structuration Theory to develop a conceptual model of three factors that influence the use of IT in business education. We review prior research for each factor and use the conceptual model to identify implications for the design and delivery of business education. Based on the implications, we offer recommendations and recognize challenges for business schools and faculty related to the use of IT in business education.
Followers’ personality, transformational leadership and performance

Purpose – Effective leadership is important to performance in both organisational and sporting arenas. The authors theorised that follower personality would influence perceptions of leadership, and that perceived effective leadership would be associated with performance. The authors drew on Social Identity Theory (Tajfel and Turner, 1986), Transformational Leadership and personality theory to develop a research model designed to assess leadership effectiveness and performance. The purpose of this paper is to test the research model in a sporting context. Design/methodology/approach – The context of the research was a round the world sailing race, a ten-month competitive circumnavigation with ten identical boats. Quantitative data were gathered concerning participants’ personality, their perceptions of transformational leadership and boat performance. Qualitative data on transformational leadership and leadership effectiveness were gathered from a subsample of crew members. Findings – Results showed that transformational leadership was associated with leadership effectiveness and performance. Personality influenced perceptions of leadership and, for moderate performing boats, there were associations between perceptions of leadership and performance. Research limitations/implications – The data have implications for the extension of transformational leadership theory. Further consideration of follower personality could enhance leadership effectiveness. A limitation is the relatively small scale of the study. Practical implications – The main implication is that leaders should take follower personality into account, and adapt their leadership style accordingly. Doing so has consequences for performance. Originality/value – This novel study examined personality, leadership, and performance and has implications for enhancing leadership and performance in sports and business.
Educating for critical thinking: thought‐encouraging questions in a community of inquiry

This paper presents one method for educating for critical thinking in Higher Education. It elaborates Richard Paul’s method of Socratic questioning to show how students can learn to be critical thinkers. This method combines and uses the wider pedagogical and critical thinking literature in a new way: it emphasises a thinking‐encouraging approach where the academic teacher scaffolds students to think for themselves, rather than leading them to understand a body of knowledge, and is based on isolating and articulating critical thinking by ‘reverse engineering’ the questions expert critical thinkers ask. The result of using this method is that students will be immersed in the practice of making critical judgements where they will hone their critical skills, cultivate a critical character and begin to speak, act and think like expert critical thinkers.
Lattice Boltzmann model for containerless freezing

In this paper, a lattice Boltzmann model is proposed to simulate solid-liquid phase change phenomena in multiphase systems. The model couples the thermal properties of the solidification front with the dynamics of the liquid droplet interface, which enables the description of the complex interfacial changes during solid-liquid phase change process. The model treats the interfaces of gas, liquid, and solid phases using the phase field order parameter and the solid fraction. The volume expansion or contraction caused by the change of properties such as density during phase change is represented by adding a mass source term to the continuum equation. The proposed model is first validated by the three-phase Stefan problem and the droplet solidification on a cold surface, and the numerical results are in good agreement with the analytical and experimental results. Then it is used to model the solidification problem with bubbles. The results show that the model is able to accurately capture the effect of bubbles on the solidification process, which is in good agreement with previous work. In addition, a parametric study is carried out to examine the dependence of the sessile droplet solidification on different physical and numerical parameters. The results show that the droplet solidification time increases with increasing droplet volume and contact angle.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Malic Enzyme Gene, mae2 *

The NAD-dependent malic enzyme fromSchizosaccharomyces pombe catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of l-malate to pyruvate and CO2. Transcription of the S. pombe malic enzyme gene, mae2, was studied to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms involved in the expression of the gene. No evidence for substrate-induced expression of mae2 was observed in the presence of 0.2% l-malate. However, transcription ofmae2 was induced when cells were grown in high concentrations of glucose or under anaerobic conditions. The increased levels of malic enzyme may provide additional pyruvate or assist in maintaining the redox potential under fermentative conditions. Deletion and mutation analyses of the 5′-flanking region of the mae2gene revealed the presence of three novel negativecis-acting elements, URS1, URS2, and URS3, that seem to function cooperatively to repress transcription of the mae2gene. URS1 and URS2 are also present in the promoter region of theS. pombe malate transporter gene, suggesting co-regulation of their expression. Furthermore, two positive cis-acting elements in the mae2 promoter, UAS1 and UAS2, show homology with the DNA recognition sites of the cAMP-dependent transcription factors ADR1, AP-2, and ATF (activating transcription factor)/CREB (cAMP response element binding).
Extended Workflow Patterns description in term of Pi-Calculus

Workflow patterns contain basic features of business process. How to implement these patterns depends on the modeling languages and methods. Extended Workflow Patterns, containing 23 patterns, are extended patterns based on the original 20 patterns. This paper proposes Pi-calculus as a formal foundation for workflow. Furthermore, Extended Workflow Patterns were described in term of Pi-calculus in detail.
Disturbed flow in radial-cephalic arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis: low and oscillating shear stress locates the sites of stenosis.

BACKGROUND Despite recent clinical and technological advancements, the vascular access (VA) for haemodialysis still has significant early failure rates after arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation. VA failure is mainly related to the haemodynamic conditions that trigger the phenomena of vascular wall disease such as intimal hyperplasia (IH) or atherosclerosis. METHODS We performed transient computational fluid dynamics simulations within idealized three-dimensional models of 'end-to-side' and 'end-to-end' radio-cephalic anastomosis, using non-Newtonian blood and previously measured flows and division ratio in subjects requiring primary access procedure as boundary conditions. RESULTS The numerical simulations allowed full characterization of blood flow inside the AVF and of patterns of haemodynamic shear stress, known to be the major determinant of vascular remodelling and disease. Wall shear stress was low and oscillating in zones where flow stagnation occurs on the artery floor and on the inner wall of the juxta-anastomotic vein. CONCLUSIONS Zones of low and oscillatory shear stress were located in the same sites where luminal reduction was documented in previous experimental studies on sites stenosis distribution in AVF. We conclude that even when exposed to high flow rates, there are spot regions along the AVF exposed to athero-prone shear stress that favour vessel stenosis by triggering IH.
Repetitive behavior disorders in autism

Autism is associated with a wide range of repetitive behaviors. These behaviors, although diagnostic for the disorder, have been the subject of far less attention than social and communication deficits. An understanding of the phenomenology, including comorbidity, of various forms of abnormal repetition requires improved methodology, including use of item-independent instruments capable of discriminating categories of repetitive behaviors or movements. The motivation or function of these repetitive behaviors is uncertain, although a number of mechanisms have been advanced including escape, attention, arousal modulation, sensory reinforcement, and stress reduction. Relevant neurobiological studies point to alterations in basal ganglia function and potentially in medial temporal pole as key pathophysiological features of repetitive behavior disorders. In particular, striatal dopamine interactions with serotonin and opioid peptides appear to subserve, at least in part, expression of the behaviors. The efficacy of dopaminergic, serotonergic, and opiate drugs in diminishing repetitive behavior disorders and their effects in relevant animal models supports such a neurobiological basis. MRDD Research Reviews 1998;4:80–89. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Eliciting Formal Operations.

There is considerable disagreement concerning the age of onset and universality ,. )f attainment of Piaget's stage of formal operations. This study examines developmental differences in response to brief prompts in the use of a formal operational approach to the solution of two tasks. The subjects were 10 males and 10 females from each of Grades 5, 8, and 12. Three tasks requiring the formal operational skill of separating and testing variables were given to each subject. Results suggest that almost all the subjects could readily'understand and utilize the approach of separating variables and tescing each one while holding all others constant. Furthermore, the results support Piaget's claim that formal operations are available to nearly all normal young adults. Implications for the development of logical competence are discussed. (SJL) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hatdcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. *********************************************************************** ^ Eliciting Formal Operations Fred W. Danner and Mary Carol Day Learning Research and Developrnent Center University of Pittsburgh U S. OEPARTME NT OF HEALTH, EOUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS 00CUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED CIO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EOUCATION POSITION OR POLICY Two formal operations tasks were presented to children from grades five, eight, and twelve--first, in the open-ended fashion used by Inhelder and Piaget and then with prompts in the use of a formal operational strategy. None of the young subjects and less than half of the older subjects were able to solve the first task on their own. A few of the younger subjects and nearly all of the adolescents, however, performed at a formal operational level on a transfer task. Eliciting formal operations by prompting and then measuring transfer appears to be a promising method for assessing logical compe-
Latent-Descriptor Clustering for Unsupervised POS Induction

We present a novel approach to distributionalonly, fully unsupervised, POS tagging, based on an adaptation of the EM algorithm for the estimation of a Gaussian mixture. In this approach, which we call Latent-Descriptor Clustering (LDC), word types are clustered using a series of progressively more informative descriptor vectors. These descriptors, which are computed from the immediate left and right context of each word in the corpus, are updated based on the previous state of the cluster assignments. The LDC algorithm is simple and intuitive. Using standard evaluation criteria for unsupervised POS tagging, LDC shows a substantial improvement in performance over state-of-the-art methods, along with a several-fold reduction in computational cost.