Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIV infection and risk of overdose: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Drug overdose is a common cause of non-AIDS death among people with HIV and the leading cause of death for people who inject drugs. People with HIV are often exposed to opioid medications during their HIV care experience; others may continue to use illicit opioids despite their disease status. In either situation, there may be a heightened risk for nonfatal or fatal overdose. The potential mechanisms for this elevated risk remain controversial. We systematically reviewed the literature on the HIV–overdose association, meta-analyzed results, and investigated sources of heterogeneity, including study characteristics related to hypothesize biological, behavioral, and structural mechanisms of the association. Forty-six studies were reviewed, 24 of which measured HIV status serologically and provided data quantifying an association. Meta-analysis results showed that HIV seropositivity was associated with an increased risk of overdose mortality (pooled risk ratio 1.74, 95% confidence interval 1.45, 2.09), although the effect was heterogeneous (Q = 80.3, P < 0.01, I2 = 71%). The wide variability in study designs and aims limited our ability to detect potentially important sources of heterogeneity. Causal mechanisms considered in the literature focused primarily on biological and behavioral factors, although evidence suggests structural or environmental factors may help explain the greater risk of overdose among HIV-infected drug users. Gaps in the literature for future research and prevention efforts as well as recommendations that follow from these findings are discussed.
Toward a Social Care Program of Research: A Population-Level Study of Neighborhood Effects on Child Development

The article reports results from a Human Early Learning Partnership initiative that aims to address limitations within the literature concerning neighborhood effects on child development. Problems include the tendency for studies to (a) rely on small samples of children, (b) focus on high-risk populations, (c) define neighborhood by Census boundaries, (d) attend only to 1 or 2 developmental domains, and (e) adhere to a narrow understanding of socioeconomic status. By collecting data from a near-census of kindergarten children in British Columbia, Canada, using the Early Development Instrument, our research addresses all 5 problems. Findings reported in this article lay the groundwork for the Human Early Learning Partnership's much more ambitious program of social care research that aims to measure directly the processes by which physical and social settings influence human development in the formative early years, rather than to infer them from data routinely collected for other purposes. The article concludes by inviting international colleagues to critically evaluate our program of research in its early days of implementation.
Acute weight gain in collegiate wrestlers following a tournament weigh-in.

UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of weight gained in collegiate wrestlers between the weigh-in and beginning of tournament competition. Body weight of the qualifiers for the NCAA Division I, II, and III wrestling finals (N = 668) was recorded at the official weigh-in and again approximately 20 h later, before the first round of competition in the tournament. The results showed that on average (+/- SD), wrestlers gained 4.9 +/- 2.4% (3.3 +/- 1.5 kg) of body weight before competing. An inverse relationship was found such that wrestlers in the lightest weight classes gained the most weight (kg) compared with heavier wrestlers (r = -0.45, P < 0.05). Despite the large mean weight gain, the mean discrepancy between first round opponents was 2.1 +/- 3.0 kg and even less when heavyweight wrestlers were excluded from the analyses (1.5 +/- 1.2 kg, N = 607). A significant correlation between weight gain and weight discrepancy of opponents was found (r = 0.65, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION collegiate wrestlers, excluding heavyweights, gained significant amounts of weight (3.7 kg average) during the 20-h period prior to tournament competition. The magnitude of weight gain was positively correlated to the degree of weight discrepancy (size advantage) over the opponent; however, because weight gain of some magnitude after the weigh-in was common in most participants, the average discrepancy between opponents was only about 1.5 kg.
Clindamycin-induced enrichment and long-term persistence of resistant Bacteroides spp. and resistance genes.

OBJECTIVES The aim was to study the long-term consequences of 1 week clindamycin administration regarding selection and persistence of resistance, resistance determinants and diversity of the Bacteroides spp. in the intestinal microflora. METHODS A total of 1306 Bacteroides isolates were collected from constitutively cultured faecal samples during a 2 year period from eight healthy volunteers. The strains were identified by biochemical and genotyping methods. MIC values were determined by the agar dilution method and presence of resistance genes was screened by real-time PCR. RESULTS Ecological changes in the intestinal microflora persisting up to 24 months were recorded after a 7 day clindamycin administration to four healthy volunteers. Compared to a control group, not exposed to clindamycin, an enrichment and stabilization of resistant Bacteroides strains and resistance determinants were discovered up to 2 years after clindamycin exposure. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that even a short-term antibiotic administration can cause long-term alterations in the commensal microbiota of individual subjects, detectable 2 years after dosing. The recorded selection and persistence of resistant strains and resistance genes, illustrates the importance of increasing our knowledge of the role of the abundant intestinal microbial community as a reservoir for spread of resistance.
Children's Views Matter Too! A Pilot Project Assessing Children's and Adolescents’ Experiences of Clinical Psychology Services

This pilot study explored the experiences and understanding of clinical psychology practices and services of children and adolescents attending clinical psychology outpatient appointments. Fifteen young participants took part in the study. A content analysis indicated that young children and adolescents have an appropriate understanding of the role of the clinical psychologist, with older children commenting on the uniqueness and value of the therapeutic relationship. Attendance was rated as positive and helpful with regards to difficulties across all ages; however, many children were not consulted with at the point of referral and many did not know why they were attending. Implications for assessing children's and adolescents’ experiences of clinical psychology services are discussed.
The tourist as victim and protégé of law enforcing agencies

Tourists can become adversely affected by the law of a country they visit. The host may commit a crime against the visiting tourist. Conversely, the tourist may commit a crime against the host. A third and interrelated issue concerns the attitude and actions of the host country's legal institutions toward tourists — giving rise to the title of this paper. These issues are explored through information collected during several studies of tourism in Thailand, conducted by the author between 1977 and 1985. Ambivalence in the tourist's role makes him or her vulnerable to criminals, to a country's law and legal process, and to different attitudes of law enforcing agencies. The more a tourist moves about independently, and away from the protective shelter of an ‘environmental bubble’, the more he or she will be at risk.
NFS Tracing By Passive Network Monitoring

Traces of filesystem activity have proven to be useful for a wide variety of purposes, ranging from quantitative analysis of system behavior to trace-driven simulation of filesystem algorithms. Such traces can be difficult to obtain, however, usually entailing modification of the filesystems to be monitored and runtime overhead for the period of the trace. Largely because of these difficulties, a surprisingly small number of filesystem traces have been conducted, and few sample workloads are available to filesystem researchers. This paper describes a portable toolkit for deriving approximate traces of NFS [1] activity by non-intrusively monitoring the Ethernet traffic to and from the file server. The toolkit uses a promiscuous Ethernet listener interface (such as the Packetfilter[2]) to read and reconstruct NFS-related RPC packets intended for the server. It produces traces of the NFS activity as well as a plausible set of corresponding client system calls. The tool is currently in use at Princeton and other sites, and is available via anonymous ftp.
Clostridium difficile colitis after kidney and kidney‐pancreas transplantation

Objective – To determine the timing and risk factors involved in the development of Clostridium difficile (CD) colitis in kidney and kidney‐pancreas transplant recipients.Summary background data – The incidence of CD colitis after kidney and kidney‐pancreas transplantation has not been studied in detail. The question of whether the immunosuppressed transplant recipient is more prone to CD colitis and its complications (i.e., megacolon, perforations) and the risk factors involved have not been determined.Methods – We retrospectively reviewed our experience in kidney and kidney‐pancreas recipients who received transplants between January 1, 1985 and December 31, 1994. We divided these recipients into three groups: pediatric kidney recipients, adult kidney recipients, and kidney‐pancreas recipients. For each group, we assessed the timing of infection, primary disease, colitis treatment, and any concurrent complications or risk factors.Results – Of 1932 transplants, 159 recipients developed post‐transplant CD colitis. 132 charts were available for review. Forty‐three pediatric kidney recipients developed CD colitis. Their mean age was 3.2 yr; 74% (n=37) of them developed their colitis during their initial hospital stay, with the mean timing of infection being 33 d. Forty‐one (95%) had undergone intra‐abdominal placement of the graft, with renal artery anastomoses to the aorta.Fifty adult kidney recipients developed CD colitis. Thirteen (26%) developed colitis during their initial hospital stay, with the mean timing of infection (for all adult kidney recipients) being 15 months.Thirty‐nine kidney‐pancreas recipients developed CD colitis. Mean timing of infection was 6 months.The overall incidence of CD colitis was 8%, with 16% in the pediatric kidney group, 15.5% in the kidney‐pancreas group, and 3.5% in the adult kidney group. The difference in mean timing of infection was significant between the three groups (p<0.001 for pediatric versus adult kidney recipients, p=0.002 for pediatric kidney versus kidney‐pancreas recipients, and p=0.2846 for adult kidney versus kidney‐pancreas recipients). Conclusion – The incidence of CD colitis is increased in pediatric kidney and kidney‐pancreas recipients. Young recipient age (<5 yr), female gender, treatment of rejection with monoclonal antibodies, antibiotic use, and intra‐abdominal graft placement have been shown to increase the incidence of this disease. Further studies concerning prevention in the high‐risk groups are needed.
Competition task development for response robot innovation in World Robot Summit

Japanese government plans to host a robot competition, World Robot Summit(WRS), in 2020 aiming to promote robot innovation. WRS involves three categories; (1)industrial, (2)service, and (3)disaster robotics categories. In this paper, the tasks of the disaster robotics category of WRS are introduced, and the consideration of robot innovation promotion with the WRS tasks is carried out.
Postsocialist history and the paradigmatic shifts in Chinese literary and cultural criticism

This essay seeks to determine the specific historical meaning of certain questions that emerged after the Cultural Revolution in China such as ‘literature is a human science’ or ‘literature is an art of language’ through an examination of the interactions between history and concepts. This essay also attempts to demonstrate how these questions formed a unique cultural discourse in the determinate context of the 1980s that subsequently limited and influenced the development of literary thought in the 1990s. In so doing, this essay offers a different discussion of the current predicament in literary studies by arguing that historical context is in fact an important factor determining the course of literary trends, but the true historical and aesthetic value of a literary trend depends on its ability to fulfil its historical mission while transforming that mission in the process. A new concept should be evaluated on a similar basis – whether it can meet this historical demand while transcending a simple, mechanistic, and reactive relation to its historical context. Accordingly, the static formula for evaluating theories and concepts that is common in academic discussion can only be of secondary importance.
A school‐based project in five kindergartens: the case of teacher development and school development

Kindergarten teachers in Hong Kong are blamed for not putting child‐initiated learning theory into practice. Their competence is challenged. An earlier study (Li, 2003) suggested that the professional development of kindergarten teachers was limited by their inability to extend thinking beyond their own personal concerns so that the needs of the children were not the major determinant of their classroom practice. It was argued that to confront and modify the teachers' personal beliefs the presence of models, action research and joint collaborative activity were the keys. This report was a follow‐up study of a school‐based project, providing opportunities for teachers to engage in collaborative investigation of school curriculum and of pedagogical innovations. In this study, the practice and belief of a group of around 60 teachers were tracked during their participation in the project and the merits of peer coaching, mentoring and collaborative teamwork were examined. Classroom observations and semi‐struct.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Facial Expression Recognition

We have developed convolutional neural networks (CNN) for a facial expression recognition task. The goal is to classify each facial image into one of the seven facial emotion categories considered in this study. We trained CNN models with different depth using gray-scale images. We developed our models in Torch and exploited Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) computation in order to expedite the training process. In addition to the networks performing based on raw pixel data, we employed a hybrid feature strategy by which we trained a novel CNN model with the combination of raw pixel data and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features. To reduce the overfitting of the models, we utilized different techniques including dropout and batch normalization in addition to L2 regularization. We applied cross validation to determine the optimal hyper-parameters and evaluated the performance of the developed models by looking at their training histories. We also present the visualization of different layers of a network to show what features of a face can be learned by CNN models.
Creating a High Performance International Team

European integration and the search for global markets have created many new international teams. Shows that the effectiveness of a team′s performance is strongly related to how the team members interact to achieve their common purpose. Also, that individual performance inside the team is influenced by how the team was created and is managed within the company. Outlines the guidelines and skills that enable team members to create value and high performance from their diverse backgrounds, demonstrating where good international team management differs from national team management and where cross‐cultural issues are likely to have the most impact.
Exploring cells with targeted biosensors

Cellular signaling networks are composed of multiple pathways, often interconnected, that form complex networks with great potential for cross-talk. Signal decoding depends on the nature of the message as well as its amplitude, temporal pattern, and spatial distribution. In addition, the existence of membrane-bound organelles, which are both targets and generators of messages, add further complexity to the system. The availability of sensors that can localize to specific compartments in live cells and monitor their targets with high spatial and temporal resolution is thus crucial for a better understanding of cell pathophysiology. For this reason, over the last four decades, a variety of strategies have been developed, not only to generate novel and more sensitive probes for ions, metabolites, and enzymatic activity, but also to selectively deliver these sensors to specific intracellular compartments. In this review, we summarize the principles that have been used to target organic or protein sensors to different cellular compartments and their application to cellular signaling.
A simulation study of the effects of multi-path approaches in e-commerce applications

Response time is a key factor of any e-commerce application, and a set of solutions have been proposed to provide low response time despite network congestions or failures. Being them mostly based on caching of Web objects and replication of DBMS managed data at the edges, or at intermediate points, of the Web infrastructure, they reveal effective when handling client requests only performing read access to application data. However, any update request typically needs to be redirected to the origin DBMSs, hence not taking advantage from data replication and related client proximity. In order to alleviate the effects of network congestions or failures, we have proposed a multi-path protocol that increases the likelihood for the update request to be processed along a responsive (e.g. failure free) network path in between the client location and the origin DBMS sites. In this paper we present an extensive simulation study of the effects of such a multi-path approach on the client perceived response time. The study relies on both Brite generated network topologies and the NLANR graph. Also, well known realistic TCP models are used to capture the effects of network delays during both normal and anomalous (i.e. packet loss affected) operation mode
Component-Based Textual Entailment: a Modular and Linguistically-Motivated Framework for Semantic Inferences

Textual Entailment (TE) aims at capturing major semantic inference needs across applications in Natural Language Processing. Since 2005, in the TE recognition (RTE) task, systems are asked to automatically judge whether the meaning of a portion of text, the Text, entails the meaning of another text, the Hypothesis. Although several approaches have been experimented, and improvements in TE technologies have been shown in RTE evaluation campaigns, a renewed interest is rising in the research community towards a deeper and better understanding of the core phenomena involved in textual inference. In line with this direction, we are convinced that crucial progress may derive from a focus on decomposing the complexity of the TE task into basic phenomena and on their combination. Analysing TE in the light of the notions provided in logic to deﬁne an argument, and to evaluate its validity, the aim of our work is to understand how the common intuition of decomposing TE would allow a better comprehension of the problem from both a linguistic and a computational viewpoint. We propose a framework for component-based TE, where each component is in itself a complete TE system, able to address a TE task on a speciﬁc phenomenon in isolation. Five dimensions of the problem are investigated: i) the deﬁnition of a component-based TE architecture; ii) the implementation of TE-components able to address speciﬁc inference types; iii) the linguistic analysis of the phenomena relevant to component-based TE; iv) the automatic acquisition of knowledge to support component-based entailment judgements; v) the development of evaluation methodologies to assess component-based TE systems capabilities to address single phenomena in a pair.
Thermal Evaluation of Two Die Stacked FBGA Packages

This paper presents the thermal evaluation of two die stacked FBGA (D2-FBGA) with identical die structure. Thermal performance was evaluated experimentally with the package size of 15 mmtimes5 mmtimes1.2 mm, 2 signal metal layers, 208 ball count containing an identical die stack configuration with two Delco PST4-02 thermal test dies of 6.35 mmtimes6.35 mm size each. Experiments were carried out using JEDEC still air chamber as per JESD 51.2 [10], JEDEC specified forced air environmental condition as per JESD 51.6 [11] with 1 m/s & 2 m/s and ring cold plate for theta JB measurement as per JESD 51.8 [7]. Junction temperature was measured by electrical test method (ETM) as outlined by JEDEC standard JESD 51.1 [8]. Board and ambient temperatures were measured by thermocouples. Experimental data were obtained for 1 SOP and 1S2P PCB with a sample size of five to calculate the temperature rise above the ambient for both top and bottom dies in still and forced air JEDEC environmental conditions. The same data were used to generate the thermal resistance matrix for linear super position matrix formulation to identify the changes in thermal cross talk between the dies at various power level combinations. The commercially available Flotherm V6.1 software code was used to create and simulate CFD model of D2-FBGA package in JEDEC specified still air, forced air ring cold plate set-up for theta JB. The model was simulated for various power level combinations and validated successfully within the agreeable limit of accuracy (10 %) against experimental results for the temperature rise, Psi JB (Psijb) in theta JA (thetasja) condition with 1S0P and 1S2P boards and theta JB with 1S2P board.
RevRank: A Fully Unsupervised Algorithm for Selecting the Most Helpful Book Reviews

We present an algorithm for automatically ranking user-generated book reviews according to review helpfulness. Given a collection of reviews, our RevRank algorithm identifies a lexicon of dominant terms that constitutes the core of a virtual optimal review. This lexicon defines a feature vector representation. Reviews are then converted to this representation and ranked according to their distance from a "virtual core" review vector. The algorithm is fully unsupervised and thus avoids costly and error-prone manual training annotations. Our experiments show that RevRank clearly outperforms a baseline imitating the Amazon user vote review ranking system.
A Multiple Pathway Model Linking Charismatic Leadership Attempts and Abusive Supervision

Researchers have theorized about a link between destructive and charismatic leadership but have left this link rather unspecified. This paper discusses charismatic leadership as an antecedent of abusive supervision. Based on the charismatic leadership process, it specifies five distinct pathways that may lead from charismatic leadership attempts to abusive supervision: Overdramatized charisma with abusive supervision as an unintended consequence, overambitious charisma with abusive supervision as a stress reaction, refused charisma with abusive supervision as a reaction to frustration and provocation, disappointed charisma with abusive supervision as a reaction to threatened self-esteem and negative affect, and abandoned charisma with abusive supervision as a volitional change of influence tactics. This paper aims to introduce these five pathways resulting in theoretical propositions that may inspire future empirical research.