Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of TCP SYN Scanning Using Packet Counts and Neural Network

Port scanning is used by malicious users to map the characteristics of a network to launch further attacks. Hence, detection of port scanning assumes paramount importance. This paper investigates the effectiveness of using counts of various TCP control packets in detecting TCP SYN scanning on a single machine. The behavioural characteristics of TCP control packets are aggregated. A neural network is trained to capture this behaviour for normal as well as port scan data. It is seen from the investigation that the counts of TCP SYN, SYN-ACK and FIN packets show definite patterns in their behaviour for legitimate connections. A deviation from this behaviour is used to effectively detect TCP SYN scanning without maintaining state information.
Address to the world resources institute

It is an honor to address members and supporters of the world resources institute. The institute is a global resource itself. Policymakers owe the reader a lasting debt of thanks for the research the reader pursue and the admirable balance with which the reader present it. Economic growth based on any other premise is a costly illusion. What is wasted or poisoned today leaves that much less to nourish the world tomorrow. 'Environmental neglect,' as the author said to the Governors of the World Bank seven months ago, 'destroys assets vital not just to the quality of life but to life itself. ' Environmental planning, however, can make the most of nature's resources so that human resourcefulness can make the most of the future. Most broadly, the author knows of the planet-wide threat to the basic resources of air and water on which the survival of earth depends. But a common effort to save the global commons requires a degree of institutional coordination and a measure of sustained political resolve that man applies more readily to destroy than to preserve life.
A Measure of Entrepreneurial Behavior of University Students: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach

Higher education institutions should be able to change the mindset of students who are not only as job seekers, but also job creators especially when educated unemployment in Indonesia increases every year. Entrepreneurship is one solution in tackling unemployment and poverty which will encourage national economic growth. This study examines the effect of self-efficacy and contextual environment on entrepreneurial behavior with entrepreneurial intention as an intervening variable using Theory of Planned Behavior. The subjects of this study were Semarang State University students who owned a business and joined the UNNES Student Entrepreneurship Center (UNSEC) and Himpunan Pengusaha Muda Indonesia Perguruan Tinggi (HIPMI PT) Semarang State University totaling 310 students. The results showed a direct relationship between self-efficacy and contextual environment towards entrepreneurial behavior and indirect relationships through entrepreneurial intentions. It was proved by the moderating role of entrepreneurial intention in facilitating the relationship of self-efficacy and contextual environment to student entrepreneurial behavior in accordance with the Theory of Planned Behavior. Future studies can use elements of social and demographic psychology that are more complete and involve a wider population.
Towards More Flexible and Robust Data Delivery for Monitoring and Control of the Electric Power Grid

With the increase in the monitoring of status data at very high rates in high voltage substations and the ability to time synchronize these data with GPS signals, there is a growing need for transmitting this data for monitoring, operation, protection and control needs. The sets of data that need to be transferred and the speed at which they need to be transferred depend on the application – for example, slow for post-event analysis, near real-time for monitoring and as close to real-time as possible for control or protection. In this paper, we overview the requirements for the next-generation power grid’s communication infrastructure in the areas of flexibility and quality of service, with extensive citations of power industry practitioners and researchers, and analyze implementation options. We also overview technologies in the computer science field of distributed computing that can be brought to bear to help meet these requirements, yet to date have not been discussed in the context of grid modernization. Additionally, we argue against the industry trend of using either TCP/IP or web services for real-time data exchange for fast controls. We then describe GridStat, a novel middleware framework we have developed that is suitable for the power grid and its application programs. Test results demonstrate that such a flexible framework can also guarantee latency that is suitable for fast wide-area protection and control.
Reconstruction in the Calderón Problem with Partial Data

We consider the problem of recovering the coefficient σ(x) of the elliptic equation ▿·(σ▿u) = 0 in a body from measurements of the Cauchy data on possibly very small subsets of its surface. We give a constructive proof of a uniqueness result by Kenig, Sjöstrand, and Uhlmann. We construct a uniquely specified family of solutions such that their traces on the boundary can be calculated by solving an integral equation which involves only the given partial Cauchy data. The construction entails a new family of Green's functions for the Laplacian, and corresponding single layer potentials, which may be of independent interest.
Extracting Structured Data from Ajax Site

Ajax is an important approach for improving rich interactivity between web server and end users during Web 2.0 eras. At the same time, the structured data in AJAX web pages can not be extracted easily due to its asynchronous loading. In this paper, we propose a technique for extracting the structured data from the AJAX based web pages. Firstly, an AjaxFetcher component is created to fetch the dynamic page content by using an embedded browser. Secondly, two different strategies are used to extract the structured data from the obtained page contents. Especially for the page that contains multi-records, an automatic approach to determine each possible record is proposed. Experimental results show that fetching Ajax pages and extracting the structured data from them is feasible.
MMMs-induced k-member co-clustering for k-anonymization of cooccurrence information

k-anonymization is a basic technique for utilizing sensitive information in data mining without violating personal privacy, and can be efficiently achieved by a greedy k-member clustering, where each data record is coded reflecting cluster structures so that each anonymized record is indistinguishable from at least other k - 1 records. In this paper, with the goal of utilizing cooccurrence information, a k-member co-clustering-based k-anonymization approach is proposed induced by the MMMs-induced fuzzy co-clustering concept. Co-clustering is a useful method for extracting mutually familiar object-item pairwise clusters from cooccurrence information such as document-keyword frequencies in document analysis. The proposed k-member co-clustering model sequentially extracts clusters one-by-one such that the aggregation degree of each k-objects cluster is maximized from the viewpoint of MMMs-induced co-clustering. The advantage of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical experiments.
Diffuse interface surface tension models in an expanding flow

We consider a di usive interface surface tension model under compressible ow. The equation of interest is the Cahn-Hilliard or Allen-Cahn equation with advection by a non-divergence free velocity eld. We prove that both model problems are well-posed. We are especially interested in the behavior of solutions with respect to droplet breakup phenomena. Numerical simulations of 1,2 and 3D all illustrate that the Cahn-Hilliard model is much more e ective for droplet breakup. Using asymptotic methods we correctly predict the breakup condition for the Cahn-Hilliard model. Moreover, we prove that the Allen-Cahn model will not break up under certain circumstances due to a maximum principle.
Thidiazuran (TDZ) Induced Regeneration from Cotyledonary Node Explant of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. L., (A Valuable Medicinal Plant)

2 Abstract: Knowledge concerning in vitro regeneration and developmental responses of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. L. (muskdana plant) is limited. Aseptic seedlings were successfully raised on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium augmented with GA (0.5 mg L ). The seeds did not germinate on MS medium alone. 3 1
Building a Large Grammar for Italian

We describe the construction of a large lexicalized tree adjoining grammar for Italian, automatically extracted from an annotated corpus. We first introduce the TUT, a dependency style treebank for Italian, then we illustrate the algorithm that we have designed to extract the grammar, and finally we report two experiments about parsing complexity and coverage of the extracted grammar.
Stable Population Games and Integrability for Evolutionary Dynamics∗

We introduce a new class of population games called stable games. These games are characterized by self-defeating externalities: when agents revise their strategies, the improvements in the payoffs of strategies to which revising agents are switching are always exceeded by the improvements in the payoffs of strategies which revising agents are abandoning. Stable games subsume many well-known classes of examples, including zero-sum games, games with an interior ESS, wars of attrition, and concave potential games. We prove that the set of Nash equilibria of any stable game is convex. Furthermore, we prove that this set is globally asymptotically stable under a wide range of evolutionary dynamics. These convergence results for stable games are not as general as those for potential games: in addition to monotonicity of the dynamics, integrability of the agents’ revision protocols plays a key role.
Design of a delay-sensitive WSN for wind generation monitoring in the smart grid

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are promising tools to change the way the power grid is monitored and controlled. This paper presents the design, simulation and evaluation of ZigBee WSNs that are used for condition monitoring of delay sensitive data in wind turbines. It also presents an approach to reduce the end-to-end delay and provide service differentiation for sensor nodes that are transmitting delay sensitive data by modifying the existing IEEE 802.15. 4 MAC protocol. Therefore, the results presented in this paper will assist in optimizing the operation of the smart grid in terms of near real-time asset monitoring and enhance the entire demand response process.
Performance analysis of application-based QoS control in software-defined wireless networks

In this paper, the potential QoS performance improvement gained by applying application-based QoS control in wireless networks is investigated. Two important performance metrics, i.e. queuing delay and packet drop, are approximately modeled and derived for the QoS control at the base stations using a simplified queuing model. Based on it, the performance comparison between the approaches of application-based QoS control and the conventional class-based one is also presented. In order to have a more accurate performance evaluation, simulations are conducted for both approaches to verify the pervious analysis by using synthetic traffic of two different applications of Web browsing and video streaming. From the results of analysis and simulations, it is shown that the application-based QoS control indeed improves the QoS performance to certain extent than the class-based approach, in two kinds of typical traffic patterns.
Overview of the worldwide best practices for rape prevention and for assisting women victims of rape

The study provides an overview of the worldwide best practices for rape prevention and for assisting women victims of rape. It reviews the international literature and offers selected examples of promising practices. It addresses the comprehensive range of policies in the fields of gender equality; law and justice; economy, development and social inclusion; culture, education and media; and health. It presents a wide-ranging set of examples of best practice. It concludes with a series of recommendations, based on the social scientific evidence presented in the study.
Composite Damage Detection Using a Novel Ultrasonic Method

Abstract : The nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of complex composite structures often requires labor intensive, expensive methods due to multiple failure modes, difficulty detecting damage, and the large scale of the structures. Conventional NDE methods have been successful but can be improved by incorporating ideas from other fields. In this work, the technology developed in the infrared camera industry is used and incorporated into an ultra-sound system to produce an inspection tool with a wide field of view that displays video images of damage in composite structures in real time. Benefits are higher sensitivity, increased inspection speed, and intuitive interpretation of results.
EXPONENTIAL BOUNDS WITH ANAPPLICATION TO CALL

In this paper we develop a framework for computing upper and lower bounds of an exponential form for a large class of single resource systems with non-renewal inputs. Speciically, the bounds are on quantities such as backlog, queue length, and response time. The exponential upper bound is shown to exist if the process describing the system is stable. The optimum decay rate for the bound is obtained by establishing a large deviation result for this process. The paper concludes with several applications including admission control to multimedia systems such as high speed networks and video servers.
Lessons From New American Schools' Scale-Up Phase

New American Schools was established in 1991 to help schools transform themselves into high-performing organizations. This report is a formative assessment of the first two years (1995-1997) of the scale-up phase, during which NAS partnered with 10 jurisdictions to implement design-based programs for improving student performance. A series of lessons emerged from this analysis: (1) The effort at school reform is complex because of the multiple actors involved. (2) Design teams do not accomplish implementation by themselves but only with the cooperation of schools and districts. (3) Teachers found stable school and district leadership and clear signals about the effort's priority to be important. Perhaps the most important lesson is that there still are no silver bullets for ensuring the implementation of reforms, but several districts have made significant progress in the two-year period.
Unique continuation and an inverse problem for hyperbolic equations across a general hypersurface

We consider a hyperbolic equation p(x, t) ? t2u(x, t) = ? u(x, t) + ? k=1n qk(x, t) ? ku + qn + 1(x, t) ? tu + r(x, t)u in n ? with p C1 and q1, . , qn+1, r L? Let ? be a part of the boundary of a domain and let ? (x) be the inward unit normal vector to ? at x. Then we prove the conditional stability in the unique continuation near a point x0 across ? if ? p(x0, t) ? (x0) < 0 and the radius of the osculating ball at x0 is large for ? p(x0, t) ? (x0). Next we prove the conditional stability in the inverse problem of determining a coefficient r(x) from Cauchy data on ? over a time interval. The key is a Carleman estimate in level sets of paraboloid shapes.
A Novel Approach to Identifying Trajectories of Mobility Change in Older Adults

Objectives To validate trajectories of late-life mobility change using a novel approach designed to overcome the constraints of modest sample size and few follow-up time points. Methods Using clinical reasoning and distribution-based methodology, we identified trajectories of mobility change (Late Life Function and Disability Instrument) across 2 years in 391 participants age ≥65 years from a prospective cohort study designed to identify modifiable impairments predictive of mobility in late-life. We validated our approach using model fit indices and comparing baseline mobility-related factors between trajectories. Results Model fit indices confirmed that the optimal number of trajectories were between 4 and 6. Mobility-related factors varied across trajectories with the most unfavorable values in poor mobility trajectories and the most favorable in high mobility trajectories. These factors included leg strength, trunk extension endurance, knee flexion range of motion, limb velocity, physical performance measures, and the number and prevalence of medical conditions including osteoarthritis and back pain. Conclusions Our findings support the validity of this approach and may facilitate the investigation of a broader scope of research questions within aging populations of varied sizes and traits.
Automatic Adaptation of Annotations

Manually annotated corpora are indispensable resources, yet for many annotation tasks, such as the creation of treebanks, there exist multiple corpora with different and incompatible annotation guidelines. This leads to an inefficient use of human expertise, but it could be remedied by integrating knowledge across corpora with different annotation guidelines. In this article we describe the problem of annotation adaptation and the intrinsic principles of the solutions, and present a series of successively enhanced models that can automatically adapt the divergence between different annotation formats.We evaluate our algorithms on the tasks of Chinese word segmentation and dependency parsing. For word segmentation, where there are no universal segmentation guidelines because of the lack of morphology in Chinese, we perform annotation adaptation from the much larger People's Daily corpus to the smaller but more popular Penn Chinese Treebank. For dependency parsing, we perform annotation adaptation from the Penn Chinese Treebank to a semantics-oriented Dependency Treebank, which is annotated using significantly different annotation guidelines. In both experiments, automatic annotation adaptation brings significant improvement, achieving state-of-the-art performance despite the use of purely local features in training.
The Economic Impacts of the “ New Unionism ” on Employers : John DiNardo University of Michigan and NBER

Using data on more than 27,000 establishments (1983-1999) in the United States, this paper exploits an institutional feature of the union organizing process in order to generate an estimate of the causal effect of unionization on several employer outcomes including establishment survival, wages, output, employment and manhours. In the U.S., establishments become “unionized” as a partial consequence of a secret ballot election among the workers. If employers where unions barely won the election are ex ante comparable in all other ways to employers where unions barely lost, differences in their subsequent outcomes should represent the true impact of union recognition. As in a randomized controlled trial, and in contrast to most quasi-experimental research designs, we are able to implement a large battery of specification tests to validate our estimates. Our results suggest that among other things, unionization has very small impacts on establishment survival. Moreover, we are able to rule out union wage effects of greater than 5 to 6 percent, even 8 years after an election. ∗ Matthew Butler and Francisco Martorell provided outstanding research assistance. We would like to thank David Card and Robert J. LaLonde for helpful discussions and Hank Farber for providing election data. We would also like to thank seminar participants at the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, and the NBER Labor Economics Summer Institute, for comments on an earlier paper, Ritch Milby at the California Census Data Center, and Thomas Kochan. The views expressed are solely those of the authors and do not represent the views of the NLRB, FMCS, or the Bureau of the Census.
Rapid Fear Detection Relies on High Spatial Frequencies

Signals of threat—such as fearful faces—are processed with priority and have privileged access to awareness. This fear advantage is commonly believed to engage a specialized subcortical pathway to the amygdala that bypasses visual cortex and processes predominantly low-spatial-frequency information but is largely insensitive to high spatial frequencies. We tested visual detection of low- and high-pass-filtered fearful and neutral faces under continuous flash suppression and sandwich masking, and we found consistently that the fear advantage was specific to high spatial frequencies. This demonstrates that rapid fear detection relies not on low- but on high-spatial-frequency information—indicative of an involvement of cortical visual areas. These findings challenge the traditional notion that a subcortical pathway to the amygdala is essential for the initial processing of fear signals and support the emerging view that the cerebral cortex is crucial for the processing of ecologically relevant signals.
Fast mode decision for inter frames in H.264/AVC

The H.264/AVC video coding standard can achieve considerably higher coding efficiency than any previous standards. Unfortunately this comes from dramatically high coding complexity introduced mainly by multi-mode checking scheme when coding macroblocks. Base on statistically analyzing the best mode situations, a progressively adaptive fast mode decision algorithm is proposed in this paper to reduce the coding complexity of inter frames in H.264/AVC. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can averagely save about 75.3% coding time compared with the reference software with only about 0.15% bitrate increase and 0.15dB PSNR loss.
Application of Topic Models to Judgments from Public Procurement Domain

Topic modelling algorithms are statistical methods capable of detecting common themes present in the analyzed text corpora. In this work, the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is used [1]. It operates on documents in the bag-of-words representation and returns a set of detected topics (i.e., groups of words and their probabilities reflecting the importance in particular topic). In addition, the topic proportions for each document can be determined. In this paper, I demonstrate the utility of the LDA method for analyzing judgments from public procurement field. In addition, I propose combining LDA with a keyphrase extraction scheme, as it improves topics interpretability and computational performance. For this study, a corpus of 13 thousand judgments of the National Appeal Chamber was used. National Appeal Chamber is competent for the examination of the appeals lodged in the contract award procedures in Poland. The judgments covered the period between 12.2007 and 05.2014. For LDA, the Gibbs sampling method implemented in the MALLET package (http://mallet.cs.umass.edu/) was applied. After preliminary tests, the number of topics was adjusted to 20. Lower values yield many overly broad topics, and higher values increased granularity and provided many topics without a clear interpretation. Sample themes detected by the LDA method within the analyzed corpus of judgments are presented in Figure 1. Initially, the LDA procedure was performed on the bag-of-words representation. The obtained themes looked promising. E.g.,
A Model of Visual Attention for Natural Image Retrieval

In this paper, saliency textons model is proposed to encode color, orientation and saliency cue and spatial information as image features for CBIR, where the image representation is so called saliency textons histogram. Experimental results indicate that the performances of saliency textons histogram outperform Gabor filter and multi-text on histogram. The saliency textons histogram can combine color feature, edge feature and spatial layout together. Furthermore, saliency textons model can simulate visual attention mechanism.