Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Architecture Processors Focusing on ALU and Floating Point Unit Designs

This paper is to evaluate and compare some of the fundamental metrics for selected ALU designs, covering both time and space complexity. The references examined consists of papers from 1999 to present. A total of ten different designs on ALU and Floating points are examined and compared. Some of the key components evaluated are clock rate, memory capacity, components, floating point, ALU, FPGA, VLSI, CMOS and processor systems. Some of the more interesting ALU designs are designs using Vedic multiplication, designs using FPGA, designs using VLSI, and designs using CMOS logic. These ALUs have high performance, high speed, and energy efficient. Keywords—Clock rate, ALU, FPGA, VLSI, CMOS, Floating Point, processors, memory capacity, components
Electrospun biocomposite nanofibers of ulvan/PCL and ulvan/PEO

Novel fibrous biocomposites comprising ulvan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from the green seaweed Ulva rigida, and either polycaprolactone or polyethylene oxide were successfully prepared using the electrospinning technique. The morphology and the chemical composition of the nanofibers were characterized using SEM and FT-IR analyses. Ulvan was found to incorporate well with the co-electrospun biocompatible polymers, conferring on the collective properties of these materials. Such nanofibrous matrices represent potentially useful materials in the biomedical sector as tissue engineering scaffolds, wound dressings, or drug delivery systems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42153.
Using genetic information to test causal relationships in cross-sectional data

Cross-sectional data from twins contain information that can be used to derive a test of causality between traits. This test of directionality is based upon the fact that genetic relationships between family members conform to an established structural pattern. In this paper we examine several common methods for empirically testing causality as well as several genetic models that we build on for the Direction of Causation (DoC) model. We then discuss the mathematical components of the DoC model and highlight limitations of the model and potential solutions to these limitations. We conclude by presenting an example from the personality and politics literature that has begun to explore the question whether or not personality traits cause people to hold specific political attitudes.
Simple Displays of Talker Location Improve Voice Identification Performance in Multitalker, Spatialized Audio Environments

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the voice identification benefits of visual depictions of the relative locations of spatialized talkers in a serial listening task. Background: Although spatialized audio is known to improve speech intelligibility and voice identification accuracy within multitalker environments, prior studies have not found any additional benefit for augmenting spatialized audio with visual depictions of relative voice locations. These studies, however, were restricted to small audio environments (four voices), potentially limiting the ability of simple talker location displays to provide additional identification benefit. Method: In the first experiment, 18 participants performed a voice identification task for four- and eight-voice environments under three display conditions: (a) nonspatialized voices with an audio-only display, (b) spatialized voices with an audio-only display, and (c) spatialized voices augmented by a visual display of relative talker locations. In the second experiment, 32 participants performed the same voice identification task within a spatialized eight-voice environment but with audio and visual displays of differing angular scale. Results: Visually depicting relative talker locations improved voice identification performance in terms of both accuracy and response time, particularly for more populous auditory spaces. Both auditory and visual display scale affected these benefits, with large-angle displays performing the best for both modalities. Conclusion: Results indicate that simple visual representations of spatialized audio environments help listeners identify voices and that these representations are more effective when the angular spacing (auditory and visual) between talker locations is increased. Application: These results have important implications for the design and implementation of collaborative audio environments for shared, desktop, and portable communication devices.
A linearized robust model predictive control applied to bioprocess

This work deals with the problem of trajectory tracking for a nonlinear system with unknown but bounded model parameters uncertainties. First, this work focuses on the design of classical robust nonlinear model predictive control (RNMPC) law subject to model parameters uncertainties implying solving min-max optimization problem. Secondly, a new approach is proposed, consisting in approaching the basic min-max problem into a more tractable optimization problem based on the use of linearization techniques, to ensure a good trade-off between tracking accuracy and computation time. The robust stability of the closed-loop system is addressed. The developed strategy is applied in simulation to a simplified macroscopic continuous photobioreactor model and is compared to the RNMPC controller. Its efficiency is illustrated through numerical results and robustness against parameter uncertainties.
Sonification design and metaphors: Comments on Walker and Kramer, ICAD 1996

The original Walker and Kramer paper at ICAD 1996 studied the mapping of data dimensions (e.g., temperature) onto sound dimensions (e.g., pitch). In this commentary we consider the historical and methodological context of that early work, discuss its relevance to the field of auditory display, and point out how it forms part of a body of work with ties to other researchers in the ICAD community.
The HAWKwood Database

We present a database consisting of wood pile images, which can be used as a benchmark to evaluate the performance of wood pile detection and surveying algorithms. We distinguish six database cate- gories which can be used for different types of algorithms. Images of real and synthetic scenes are provided, which consist of 7655 images divided into 354 data sets. Depending on the category the data sets either include ground truth data or forestry specific measurements with which algorithms may be compared.
Manipulation of Non-random Species Loss in Natural Phytoplankton: Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Different Approaches

Ecological research in recent decades revealed that species loss has a predominantly negative effect on ecosystem functioning and stability. Most of these studies were based on random species loss scenarios, but extinctions in nature are not random. Recent experimental studies using macroscopic communities largely advanced knowledge about the effects of non-random species loss. However, in microscopic communities like the phytoplankton, implementing realistic species loss scenarios is challenging and experimental data are scarce. Creating more realistic experiments to study the role of phytoplankton diversity for ecosystem functioning is particularly important, as they provide up to 50% of global primary productivity, form the basis of all pelagic food webs, and are important for biogeochemical cycling. In this study, we experimentally tested and evaluated three methods for non-random species loss in a natural marine phytoplankton community. Dilution, filtration, and heat stress removed the targeted rare, large, and sensitive species, respectively. All these species groups are extremely vulnerable to extinction in future climate scenarios and play important roles in the communities. Dilution and filtration with a fine mesh additionally decreased initial biomass, which increased the variability of species left in the respective replicates. The methods tested in this study can be used to non-randomly manipulate phytoplankton species diversity in communities used for experiments. However, in studies where species identities are more important than species richness, the dilution and filtration methods should be modified to eliminate the effect of decreasing initial biomass.
First-Principles Study on the Structural, Electronic and Elastic Properties of Alloyed Austenite with Co and Ni

The crystal structure of alloyed austenite distorted after Ni and Co replaced Fe. The crystal type of austenite changed from cubic structure to tetragon or orthorhombic structure due to the influence of Co and Ni. The ratio (B/G) for γ-Fe (C) is equal to 2.841, which is higher than that for other alloyed austenite with Co and Ni. The workability of alloyed austenite with Co and Ni are poorer than γ-Fe (C). The formation of alloyed austenite needs more energy than γ-Fe (C) at ambient conditions.
1164 TRANSPLACENTAL EFFECTS OF A THYROXINE ANALOG ON PHOSPHOLIPID SYNTHESIS IN FETAL RABBIT LUNG

To investigate the possible role of thyroid hormones in fetal lung maturation, we treated pregnant rabbits with 3,5-dimethyl-3′-isopropylthyronine (DIMIT), a thyroxine analog which binds to nuclear receptors in fetal lung. On days 24 and 25 of gestation does received diluent or 0.05-1 mg/kg DIMIT im; fetuses were studied on day 26. We found no effect of DIMIT on viability, body weight, lung weight, lung wet/dry ratio, or fetal plasma cortisol levels. NADPH-cytochrome C reductase, a known T4 inducible enzyme, was increased 64% (p<0.01) in fetal liver with 1 mg/kg DIMIT. Mean±SE values for the rate of 3H-choline incorporation into lecithin (pmol/mg tissue/h) by minced fetal lung and activity of phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAPase, nmol/mg prot/min) in lung homogenate are shown below (*=p<0.001):Similar results were found for incorporation of 3H-glycerol.We conclude that DIMIT crosses the rabbit placenta and stimulates lecithin synthesis and PAPase activity in fetal lung. Since similar effects occur with glucocorticoid treatment, these two hormones may act in part by controlling the same enzyme.
0.6V voltage doubler and clocked comparator for correlation-based impulse radio UWB receiver in 65nm CMOS

This paper presents a 0.6-V voltage doubler and a 0.6-V clocked comparator in 65nm CMOS. For the multi-phase sampling application, such as charge-domain correlator for impulse UWB receivers or analog-to-digital converter, the proposed voltage doubler can reduce the power consumption and the chip area by half compared to the conventional one. The non-overlapping complementary clock generator used in the conventional voltage doubler can be eliminated by simply swapping the input clock order in the voltage doubler. The proposed 0.6-V clocked comparator can operate at 100-MHz clock with the proposed voltage booster.
Design and Characterization of an Exoskeleton for Perturbing the Knee During Gait

Objective: An improved understanding of mechanical impedance modulation in human joints would provide insights about the neuromechanics underlying functional movements. Experimental estimation of impedance requires specialized tools with highly reproducible perturbation dynamics and reliable measurement capabilities. This paper presents the design and mechanical characterization of the ETH Knee Perturbator: an actuated exoskeleton for perturbing the knee during gait. Methods: A novel wearable perturbation device was developed based on specific experimental objectives. Bench-top tests validated the device's torque limiting capability and characterized the time delays of the on-board clutch. Further tests demonstrated the device's ability to perform system identification on passive loads with static initial conditions. Finally, the ability of the device to consistently perturb human gait was evaluated through a pilot study on three unimpaired subjects. Results: The ETH Knee Perturbator is capable of identifying mass-spring systems within 15% accuracy, accounting for over 95% of the variance in the observed torque in 10 out of 16 cases. Five-degree extension and flexion perturbations were executed on human subjects with an onset timing precision of 2.52% of swing phase duration and a rise time of 36.5 ms. Conclusion: The ETH Knee Perturbator can deliver safe, precisely timed, and controlled perturbations, which is a prerequisite for the estimation of knee joint impedance during gait. Significance: Tools such as this can enhance models of neuromuscular control, which may improve rehabilitative outcomes following impairments affecting gait and advance the design and control of assistive devices.
Influence of Manufacturing Tolerances on Cogging Torque in Interior Permanent Magnet Machines with Eccentric and Sinusoidal Rotor Contours

Rotor shaping methods are frequently used to reduce the cogging torque in interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines. This paper investigates the influence of manufacturing tolerances on cogging torque in IPM machines with eccentric and sinusoidal rotor contours. First, two 12-slot/8-pole IPM machine models are established and the fundamental performance under ideal conditions is presented. Then, based on the most sensitive distributions of nonideal PMs and assembly tooth-bulges, additional cogging torque components are calculated, respectively, together with a comparative study to identify the different sensitivities between the two rotor contour designs. For verification, the field spatial harmonics with and without considering the tolerances are further analyzed, followed by tests on the prototypes with and without amplified tolerances.
New AIEgens containing tetraphenylethene and silole moieties: tunable intramolecular conjugation, aggregation-induced emission characteristics and good device performance

Three aggregation-induced emission luminogens (Si-pTPE, Si-tPE and Si-mTPE) were successfully obtained by the covalent incorporation of tetraphenylethene into a dibenzosilole core. Through sharing a benzene ring and changing the linkage mode between TPE and the silole core, the emission colours were tuned from green to sky blue and even to deep blue. The non-doped OLED device based on Si-tPE emits a sky blue light with high luminance (up to 27 161 cd m(-2)) and high current, power and external quantum efficiencies (up to 8.04 cd A(-1), 6.17 lm W-1 and 3.38%, respectively).
Efficient compilation techniques for large scale feature models

Feature modeling is used in generative programming and software product-line engineering to capture the common and variable properties of programs within an application domain. The translation of feature models to propositional logics enabled the use of reasoning systems, such as BDD engines, for the analysis and transformation of such models and interactive configurations. Unfortunately, the size of a BDD structure is highly sensitive to the variable ordering used in its construction and an inappropriately chosen ordering may prevent the translation of a feature model into a BDD representation of a tractable size. Finding an optimal order is NP-hard and has for long been addressed by using heuristics. We review existing general heuristics and heuristics from the hardware circuits domain and experimentally show that they are not effective in reducing the size of BDDs produced from feature models. Based on that analysis we introduce two new heuristics for compiling feature models to BDDs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these heuristics using publicly available and automatically generated models. Our results are directly applicable in construction of feature modeling tools.
A Real-Time Monitoring System of Industry Carbon Monoxide Based on Wireless Sensor Networks

Carbon monoxide (CO) burns or explodes at over-standard concentration. Hence, in this paper, a Wifi-based, real-time monitoring of a CO system is proposed for application in the construction industry, in which a sensor measuring node is designed by low-frequency modulation method to acquire CO concentration reliably, and a digital filtering method is adopted for noise filtering. According to the triangulation, the Wifi network is constructed to transmit information and determine the position of nodes. The measured data are displayed on a computer or smart phone by a graphical interface. The experiment shows that the monitoring system obtains excellent accuracy and stability in long-term continuous monitoring.
A Review on Temporal Reasoning Using Support Vector Machines

Recently, Support Vector Machines have presented promissing results to various machine learning tasks, such as classification and regression. These good results have motivated its application to several complex problems, including temporal information analysis. In this context, some studies attempt to extract temporal features from data and submit these features in a vector representation to traditional Support Vector Machines. However, Support Vector Machines and its traditional variations do not consider temporal dependency among data. Thus, some approaches adapt Support Vector Machines internal mechanism in order to integrate some processing of temporal characteristics, attempting to make them able to interpret the temporal information inherent on data. This paper presents a review on studies covering this last approach for dealing with temporal information: incorporating temporal reasoning into Support Vector Machines and its variations.
Network coding vs. erasure coding: Reliable multicast in ad hoc networks

Providing reliable and efficient networking services in wireless ad hoc networks is extremely challenging due to high mobility and unstable wireless nature: a significant number of packets can be corrupt or lost. To increase the reliability in packet erasure networks, various coding schemes have been proposed. Network coding (NC) and erasure coding (EC) are such well-known coding techniques recently considered to be used for multicast communications. Both schemes are able to encode original packets into a potentially infinite data stream of encoded packets. Receivers can reconstruct the original packets once they have collected a certain number of encoded packets. The main difference of these schemes is that NC allows intermediate nodes to encode packets they have received so far whereas EC is an end-to-end coding which allows only sources to encode. Both schemes are considered to be able to provide excellent ammunition against erasure networks. However, dasiathe jury is still outpsila regarding which scheme is suitable in ad hoc networks. In this paper, based on simulations and analysis study, we present information on the performance of both schemes which may be useful for selecting the better coding scheme.
Quality of Service on the Internet: Fact, Fiction, or Compromise?

The Internet has historically offered a single level of service, that of "best effort," where all data packets are treated with equity in the network. However, we are finding that the Internet itself does not offer a single level of service quality, and some areas of the network exhibit high levels of congestion and consequently poor quality, while other areas display consistent levels of high quality service. Customers are now voicing a requirement to define a consistent service quality they wish to be provided, and network service providers are seeking ways in which to implement such a requirement. This effort is happening within the umbrella called "Quality of Service" (QoS). Of course, this is now a phrase which has become overly used, often in vague, nondefinitive references. QoS discussions currently embrace
One-step Estimation of Networked Population Size with Anonymity Using Respondent-Driven Capture-Recapture and Hashing

Estimates of population size for hidden and hard-to-reach individuals are of particular interest to health officials when health problems are concentrated in such populations. Efforts to derive these estimates are often frustrated by a range of factors including social stigma or an association with illegal activities that ordinarily preclude conventional survey strategies. This paper builds on and extends prior work that proposed a method to meet these challenges. Here we describe a rigorous formalization of a one-step, network-based population estimation procedure that can be employed under conditions of anonymity. The estimation procedure is designed to be implemented alongside currently accepted strategies for research with hidden populations. Simulation experiments are described that test the efficacy of the method across a range of implementation conditions and hidden population sizes. The results of these experiments show that reliable population estimates can be derived for hidden, networked population as large as 12,500 and perhaps larger for one family of random graphs. As such, the method shows potential for cost-effective implementation health and disease surveillance officials concerned with hidden populations. Limitations and future work are discussed in the concluding section.
Statistical corner conditions of interconnect delay (corner LPE specifications)

Timing closure in LSI design becomes more and more difficult. But the conventional interconnect RC extraction method have over-margins caused by its corner conditions settings. In this paper, statistical corner conditions using the independence of variations between process parameters and between interconnect layers are proposed. As a result, the fast-to-slow guardband decreases by half in average, compared to the conventional method. The proposed method is ready for implementation to LPE tools
Environmental Taxation in Airline Markets

Over the last two decades many airline markets have been deregulated, resulting in increased competition and use of different types of networks. At the same time there has been an intense discussion on environmental taxation of airline traffic. It is likely that an optimal environmental tax and the effects of a tax differ between different types of aviation markets. In this paper we derive optimal environmental taxes for different types of airline markets. The first type of market is a multiproduct monopoly airline operating either a point-to-point network or a hub-and-spoke network. The optimal tax is shown to be similar in construction to an optimal tax for a monopolist. We also compare the environmental impact of the two types of networks. Given no differences in marginal damages between airports we find that an airline will always choose the network with the highest environmental damages. The second type of market we investigate is a multiproduct duopoly, where two airlines compete in both passengers and flights. The formulation of the optimal tax is similar to the optimal tax of a single product oligopoly. However, we also show that it is, because of strategic effects, difficult to determine the effects of the tax on the number of flights.