Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regeneration Enhancement in Tissue Culture of Indica Rice’s through Partial Desiccation and Chemical Supplements

Indica rice genotypes are known to be recalcitrant to culture and several efforts have been made over years to enhance their callus induction and regeneration rates. Some of the effective approaches employed include use of phytohormones in a proper combination and proportion, amino acids like tryptophan, proline or supplements like casein hydrolysate and yeast extract etc. which have shown positive improvements in callus induction but enhancement of regeneration rates stills remains a major bottleneck in Indica rice tissue culture. Keeping in view that the rates of callus induction and regeneration are not related, an effort was made to enhance regeneration potential of the Indica rices through supplementation of media with chemicals like silver nitrate and adenine sulphate, sugar alcohols like sorbitol and subjecting the calli to stress through partial desiccation prior to regeneration. The results suggest that significant improvement of callus regeneration rates is feasible that is genotype independent as a twofold increase of regeneration rates can be induced in most of the genotypes through partial desiccation. The results can widen the scope of Indica genotypes that are used for development of transgenic Indica rices.
Efficient strategy for parallelisation of multilevel fast multipole algorithm using CUDA

The multilevel fast multipole algorithm is a popular technique that enables the efficient solution of the method of moments (MoM) matrix equations. In this work, the authors address the adaptation of this method to the compute unified device architecture (CUDA), a relatively new computing infrastructure provided by NVIDIA, and the authors take into account some of the limitations that appear when the geometry under analysis becomes too large to fit into the memory of graphics processing units.
Design and Operation of Decentralized Reservoirs in Urban Drainage Systems

Poor drainage of urban storm water can lead to urban inundation which presents a risk to people and property. Previous research has presented various measures to prevent and reduce urban flooding and these measures can be classified into costly but effective structural measures, and economical but less effective non-structural measures. This study suggests a new approach to reduce urban flooding by combining structural and non-structural measures in a target watershed in Seoul, South Korea. Inlet design modification in a detention reservoir (Decentralized Reservoir, DR) is examined in conjunction with combined inlet/outlet management for the DR. Monitoring nodes used to control DR inlet/outlet operations are selected by locating the first flooding node, maximum flooding node and DR inlet node. This new approach demonstrates outstanding flood volume reduction for historical flooding events that occurred in Seoul during 2010 and 2011. Flood volumes during the 2010 event using the combined inlet/outlet operation in the DR were between 1656 m3 and 1815 m3 compared to a flood volume of 6617 m3 using current DR operation. Finally, the suggested operating level for the DR based on the best hydraulic section, system resilience index, and local regulations is 1.2 m.
Biochemical characterization of baculovirus-expressed rap1A/Krev-1 and its regulation by GTPase-activating proteins

Normal human rap1A and 35A rap1A (which encodes a protein with a Thr-35----Ala mutation) were cloned into a baculovirus transfer vector and expressed in Sf9 insect cells. The resulting proteins were purified, and their nucleotide binding, GTPase activities, and responsiveness to GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) were characterized and compared with those of Rap1 purified from human neutrophils. Recombinant wild-type Rap1A bound GTP gamma S, GTP, and GDP with affinities similar to those observed for neutrophil Rap1 protein. The rate of exchange of GTP by Rap1 without Mg2+ was much slower than that by Ras. The basal GTPase activities by both recombinant proteins were lower than that observed with the neutrophil Rap1, but the GTPase activity of the neutrophil and wild-type recombinant Rap1 proteins could be stimulated to similar levels by Rap-GAP activity in neutrophil cytosol. In contrast to wild-type Rap1A, the GTPase activity of 35A Rap was unresponsive to Rap-GAP stimulation. Neither recombinant Rap1A nor neutrophil Rap1 protein GTPase activity could be stimulated by recombinant Ras-GAP at a concentration 25-fold higher than that required to hydrolyze 50% of H-Ras-bound GTP under similar conditions. These results suggest that the putative effector domains (amino acids 32 to 40) shared between Rap1 and Ras are functionally similar and interact with their respective GAPs. However, although Rap1 and Ras are identical in this region, secondary structure or additional regions must confer the ability to respond to GAPs.
Forcing of the Upper-Tropospheric Monsoon Anticyclones

During the boreal warm season (May–September), the circulation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is dominated by two large anticyclones: the Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA) and North American monsoon anticyclone (NAMA). The existence of the AMA has long been linked to Asian monsoon precipitation using the Matsuno–Gill framework, but the origin of the NAMA has not been clearly understood. Here the forcing mechanisms of the NAMA are investigated using a simplified dry general circulation model. The simulated anticyclones are in good agreement with observations when the model is forced by a zonally symmetric meridional temperature gradient plus a realistic geographical distribution of heating based on observed tropical and subtropical precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere. Model experiments show that the AMA and NAMA are largely independent of one another, and the NAMA is not a downstream response to the Asian monsoon. The primary forcing of the NAMA is precipitation in the longitude sector between 60° and 120°W, with the largest contribution coming from the subtropical latitudes within that sector. Experiments with idealized regional heating distributions reveal that the extratropical response to tropical and subtropical precipitation depends approximately linearly on the magnitude of the forcing but nonlinearly on its latitude. The AMA is stronger than the NAMA, primarily because precipitation in the subtropics over Asia is much heavier than at similar latitudes in the Western Hemisphere.
Adult‐born hippocampal neurons mature into activity‐dependent responsiveness

The mammalian hippocampus is a highly plastic brain structure in which new neurons are generated throughout adulthood. Do these new neurons qualitatively and quantitatively participate in the activity‐dependent gene expression after challenging the hippocampus in a learning task? Adult mice were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to label dividing cells and indeed, individual BrdU‐labelled new neurons expressed the immediate early gene protein (IEGp) c‐fos during the acquisition phase of the Morris water maze task to the same extend as older granule cells. To assess the responsiveness of all new neurons we also analysed the expression patterns of three IEGps (c‐fos, zif268 and Homer1A) after kainic acid (KA)‐ or pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)‐induced seizures. We found that after a maturation period of between 2 and 5 weeks a comparable ratio of adult‐generated granule cells participated in IEGp‐expression as in the population of older granule cells. Thus, new neurons appear quantitatively integrated into hippocampal circuits, suggestive of a relevant contribution to hippocampal function.
Sum Rate Analysis of Two-Cell MIMO Broadcast Channels: Spatial Multiplexing Gain

In this paper, we provide a precise expression of the spatial multiplexing gain (SMG) for two mutually interfering multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channels using linear transceiver, referred to as MIMO-IBC. The MIMO-IBC has two base stations and $K_1$, $K_2$ users, each equipped with multiple antennas, where independent messages are transmitted over fixed channels. We observe the variation of the SMG with respect to user antenna distribution, and compare the derived result to the SMG of the interference channel with full cooperation among users. Additionally, we propose a linear precoding and decoding scheme for the MIMO-IBC in terms of maximizing the total sum rate, by extending one designed for single-cell multiple-input single-output broadcast channels. Simulation results confirm the accuracy of our theoretical SMG analysis for the MIMO-IBC.
Pyroelectric energy harvesting using Olsen cycles in purified and porous poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] thin films

This paper is concerned with the direct conversion of heat into electricity using pyroelectric materials. The Olsen (or Ericsson) cycle was experimentally performed on three different types of 60/40 poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer samples, namely commercial, purified, and porous films. This cycle consists of two isoelectric field and two isothermal processes. The commercial and purified films were about 50 µm thick and produced a maximum energy density of 521 J l − 1 and 426 J l − 1 per cycle, respectively. This was achieved by successively dipping the films in cold and hot silicone oil baths at 25 and 110 °C under low and high applied electric fields of about 200 and 500 kV cm − 1, respectively. The 11 µm thick porous films achieved a maximum energy density of 188 J l − 1 per cycle between 25 and 100 °C and electric field between 200 and 400 kV cm − 1. The performance of the purified and porous films suffered from their lower electrical resistivity and electric breakdown compared with commercial thin films. However, the energy densities of all 60/40 P(VDF-TrFE) films considered matched or exceeded those reported recently for 0.9Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.10PbTiO3 (0.9PMN–0.1PT) (186 J l − 1) and Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.955Ti0. 045O3 (243 J l − 1) bulk ceramics. Furthermore, the results are discussed in light of recently proposed figures of merit for energy harvesting applications.
Multimodal Neural Network for Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Brain Computer Interface

Brain computer interfaces allow users to preform various tasks using only the electrical activity of the brain. BCI applications often present the user a set of stimuli and record the corresponding electrical response. The BCI algorithm will then have to decode the acquired brain response and perform the desired task. In rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) tasks, the subject is presented with a continuous stream of images containing rare target images among standard images, while the algorithm has to detect brain activity associated with target images. In this work, we suggest a multimodal neural network for RSVP tasks. The network operates on the brain response and on the initiating stimulus simultaneously, providing more information for the BCI application. We present two variants of the multimodal network, a supervised model, for the case when the targets are known in advanced, and a semi-supervised model for when the targets are unknown. We test the neural networks with a RSVP experiment on satellite imagery carried out with two subjects. The multimodal networks achieve a significant performance improvement in classification metrics. We visualize what the networks has learned and discuss the advantages of using neural network models for BCI applications.
Face Recognition Based on Polynomial Fuzzy Matching

The dimensionality of face image is high very much. It has a lot of difficulty in face recognition. In this paper, first, the concepts of polynomial fuzzy matching based on four rulers (two point rulers and two slope rulers) are introduced. It is not practical because all the slopes mf must be given at the beginning. It is presented that the fuzzy matching for a nonlinear function between input and output can be realized by using three rulers (two point rulers and one slope ruler). The affinity between two memberships can be used for assessment to the linearity of the matched curve. The image is composed of some curves. So the affinity can be used in face image recognition. Before recognition, the nonlinear dimensionality reduction algorithm Isomap is applied in face images. Then the polynomial fuzzy matching based on three rulers algorithm is applied in face recognition. The experiments show that this method is feasible and has good recognition capability
Verb selection using semantic role labeling for citation classification

Citation classification is the task of assigning a category to a reference or citation. The current sets of categories or classes proposed in the literature vary in size and they are based on the analysis of a small sample of citation sentences. We are developing a process to automatically generate such categories and base them on the analysis of a large corpus of papers. Part of the generation process involves selecting the main verb relevant to the reference being cited in the sentence. In this paper we present our recently developed technique that automatically identifies the relevant verb in a citation sentence. The technique uses heuristic rules, which are dependent on the results of a semantic role labeler. Four test sets were collected, and the common annotations of the test sets annotated by three people were used to assess the accuracy of the rules. Through experimentation we show that the average accuracy achieved using our technique that automatically extracts verbs from citation sentences across the four test sets is reasonable at 75%.
Dynamic bandwidth scaling for embedded DSPs with 3D-stacked DRAM and wide I/Os

3D main memory is an emerging technology that stacks DRAM dies underneath the processor die using through-silicon vias (TSVs). Prior studies assumed that such technology would decrease main memory access latency by 45% to 60%, while also allowing designers to increase main memory bandwidth. Although the latter is true, it was recently shown that the latency savings of 3D main memory is only 6.3%. In this paper, we first analyze memory latency reduction opportunities in a 3D main memory system with Wide I/O by taking better advantage of 3D integration technology and quantify their benefit. Specifically, redesigning the DRAM to memory controller synchronizers and placing the address, command, and data pads closer to the DRAM banks can decrease 3D main memory latency by 24.7%. We show that current 3D DRAM with Wide I/O can increase the geometric mean performance of an embedded processor that is similar to a Texas instrument C67x DSP by 9.7% (and up to 23.3%). Second, we observe that 3D DRAM with Wide IO can increase average system energy consumption of energy-constrained embedded DSPs by 2.6% (and up to 8.9%). To improve I/O energy efficiency, we propose to dynamically scale memory bandwidth (i.e. the I/O width) at runtime based on an application's program phases. Our dynamic bandwidth scaling algorithms increase average performance by 6.6% while increasing average energy consumption by only 0.5%.
The promotion of patent airways and inhibition of antigen‐induced bronchial obstruction by endogenous nitric oxide

1 The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO), histamine and leukotrienes in bronchial obstruction. For this, guinea‐pigs immunised against ovalbumin were studied under anaesthesia during challenge with antigen or agonists. 2 Challenge with nebulised antigen (0.1‐1 mg) elicited dose‐dependent increases in insufflation pressure which were abolished by combined administration of histamine and leukotriene antagonists. 3 Challenge with nebulised antigen (0.1‐1 mg) also elicited dose‐dependent increases in the concentration of endogenous nitric oxide in the exhaled air. After an initial peak, exhaled NO concentrations returned to pre‐challenge levels. 4 The increase in insufflation pressure and in exhaled NO caused by ovalbumin challenge was inhibited by combined administration of histamine and leukotriene antagonists. 5 In non‐immunised guinea‐pigs, challenge of the airways with nebulised histamine (10–1000 nmol) or leukotriene C4 (LTC4, 30–300 pmol) elicited dose‐dependent increases in insufflation pressure and in concentrations of endogenous NO in exhaled air. 6 The increase in exhaled NO correlated with the increase in insufflation pressure in response to ovalbumin, histamine and LTC4. An inhibitor of endogenous NO synthesis, Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methylester (l‐NAME, 30 mg kg−1 i.v.) abolished NO exhalation, and markedly augmented the airway responses to ovalbumin, histamine, or LTC4. 7 The potentiation by l‐NAME of the increase in insufflation pressure in response to ovalbumin or histamine was prevented by exogenous NO (20 p.p.m.) in the inhaled air. 8 The results indicate that endogenous NO has an inhibitory effect on bronchial obstruction. Increased NO release during allergen challenge is likely to be due to actions of histamine and leukotrienes.
Sex-specific effects of an insulin secretagogue in stroke-prone hypertensive rats.

Glyburide, an insulin secretagogue and an insulin-sensitizing agent, lowers blood pressure in normal male and female dogs when administered acutely. Because insulin resistance may contribute to spontaneous hypertension in rats, we sought to determine if long-term administration of glyburide (5 mg/kg per day by diet, age 5 weeks to 5 months) would lower blood pressure in male and female stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Arterial (aortic) rings from these rats were incubated with insulin in vitro (100 mU/mL) 1 hour before and during phenylephrine-induced contraction to determine if long-term glyburide administration improves vascular sensitivity to the intrinsic vasodilator action of insulin. Glyburide, however, significantly increased blood pressures and ratios of heart weight to body weight in 5-month-old female rats (+20 mm Hg diastolic, P < .05), with no significant change noted in male rats (+4 mm Hg diastolic). Glyburide increased plasma insulin levels (twofold, P < .04) in female but not in male rats. Glyburide did not affect plasma glucose or catecholamine levels. After incubation with insulin, aortic to rings from glyburide-treated female rats demonstrated more than 40% greater contractile responsiveness the phenylephrine compared with aortic rings from control female rats (P < .04). This insulin-dependent increase in phenylephrine-induced contraction consisted of a reversal in the in vitro action of insulin, from attenuation to accentuation of such contraction (P < .05). This change was not seen in male rats. Neither gender, glyburide, nor insulin influenced acetylcholine-induced relaxation of phenylephrine-induced contraction. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cooperative tracking control for general linear multiagent systems with directed intermittent communications: An artificial delay approach

This paper investigates the consensus tracking problem for general linear multiagent systems on directed graph containing a spanning tree. For the considered linear systems, the consensus tracking aim cannot be achieved by using only memoryless static relative output feedbacks. Of particular interest is that both current and delayed relative output information of agents are required to achieve consensus. For the case of continuous communication among agents, an artificial delay output feedback control method is proposed. By utilizing the Taylor representation for the delayed signal with the remainder in the integral form, a delay‐dependent sufficient condition is presented to guarantee the exponential convergence of the global tracking error systems. For the intermittent case, the consensus tracking performance can still be guaranteed based on a multiple graph‐dependent Lyapunov functionals method. It is theoretically revealed that the time delay plays a key role in the exponential convergence of the closed‐loop systems, and the definite relationships among the time delay, network structure, communication rate, and consensus convergence rate are also provided. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is confirmed by numerical simulations.
Quasi-cyclic LDPC codes on Latin squares and the ranks of their parity-check matrices

Quasi-cyclic codes are the most promising class of structured LDPC codes due to their ease of implementation and excellent performance over noisy channels when decoded with message-passing algorithms as extensive simulation studies have shown. An approach for constructing quasi-cyclic LDPC codes based on Latin squares over finite fields is presented. By analyzing the parity-check matrices of these codes, expressions for their ranks are derived. Experimental results show that, with iterative decoding algorithms, the constructed codes perform very well over the AWGN and the binary erasure channels.
Crowdsourcing Algorithms for Entity Resolution

In this paper, we study a hybrid human-machine approach for solving the problem of Entity Resolution (ER). The goal of ER is to identify all records in a database that refer to the same underlying entity, and are therefore duplicates of each other. Our input is a graph over all the records in a database, where each edge has a probability denoting our prior belief (based on Machine Learning models) that the pair of records represented by the given edge are duplicates. Our objective is to resolve all the duplicates by asking humans to verify the equality of a subset of edges, leveraging the transitivity of the equality relation to infer the remaining edges (e.g. a = c can be inferred given a = b and b = c). We consider the problem of designing optimal strategies for asking questions to humans that minimize the expected number of questions asked. Using our theoretical framework, we analyze several strategies, and show that a strategy, claimed as "optimal" for this problem in a recent work, can perform arbitrarily bad in theory. We propose alternate strategies with theoretical guarantees. Using both public datasets as well as the production system at Facebook, we show that our techniques are effective in practice.
ConsensusPathDB—a database for integrating human functional interaction networks

ConsensusPathDB is a database system for the integration of human functional interactions. Current knowledge of these interactions is dispersed in more than 200 databases, each having a specific focus and data format. ConsensusPathDB currently integrates the content of 12 different interaction databases with heterogeneous foci comprising a total of 26 133 distinct physical entities and 74 289 distinct functional interactions (protein–protein interactions, biochemical reactions, gene regulatory interactions), and covering 1738 pathways. We describe the database schema and the methods used for data integration. Furthermore, we describe the functionality of the ConsensusPathDB web interface, where users can search and visualize interaction networks, upload, modify and expand networks in BioPAX, SBML or PSI-MI format, or carry out over-representation analysis with uploaded identifier lists with respect to substructures derived from the integrated interaction network. The ConsensusPathDB database is available at: http://cpdb.molgen. mpg.de