Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Germline control of somatic Kras mutations in mouse lung tumors

Somatic KRAS mutations are common in human lung adenocarcinomas and are associated with worse prognosis. In mice, Kras is frequently mutated in both spontaneous and experimentally induced lung tumors, although the pattern of mutation varies among strains, suggesting that such mutations are not random events. We tested if the occurrence of Kras mutations is under genetic control in two mouse intercrosses. Codon 61 mutations were prevalent, but the patterns of nucleotide changes differed between the intercrosses. Whole genome analysis with SNPs in (A/J x C57BL/6)F4 mice revealed a significant linkage between a locus on chromosome 19 and 2 particular codon 61 variants (CTA and CGA). In (AIRmax × AIRmin) F2 mice, there was a significant linkage between SNPs located on distal chromosome 6 (around 135 Mbp) and the frequency of codon 61 mutation. These results reveal the presence of two loci, on chromosomes 6 and 19, that modulate Kras mutation frequency in different mouse intercrosses. These findings indicate that somatic mutation frequency and type are not simple random events, but are under genetic control.
ISPD Cardiovascular and Metabolic Guidelines in Adult Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Part II – Management of Various Cardiovascular Complications

Cardiovascular mortality has remained high in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) due to the high prevalence of various cardiovascular complications including coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction, heart failure, arrhythmia (especially atrial fibrillation), cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. In addition, nearly a quarter of PD patients develop sudden cardiac death as the terminal life event. Thus, it is essential to identify effective treatment that may lower cardiovascular mortality and improve survival of PD patients. The International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) commissioned a global workgroup in 2012 to formulate a series of recommendation statements regarding lifestyle modification, assessment and management of various cardiovascular risk factors, and management of the various cardiovascular complications to be published in 2 guideline documents. This publication forms the second part of the guideline documents and includes recommendation statements on the management of various cardiovascular complications in adult chronic PD patients. The documents are intended to serve as a global clinical practice guideline for clinicians who look after PD patients. We also define areas where evidence is clearly deficient and make suggestions for future research in each specific area.
Measuring patient safety culture in maternal and child health institutions in China: a qualitative study

Introduction Patient safety culture (PSC) plays a critical role in ensuring safe and quality care. Extensive PSC studies have been undertaken in hospitals. However, little is known about PSC in maternal and child health (MCH) institutions in China, which provide both population-based preventive services as well as individual care for patients. Objectives This study aimed to develop a theoretical framework for conceptualising PSC in MCH institutions in China. Methods The study was undertaken in six MCH institutions (three in Hebei and three in Beijing). Participants (n=118) were recruited through stratified purposive sampling: 20 managers/administrators, 59 care providers and 39 patients. In-depth interviews were conducted with the participants. The interview data were coded using both inductive (based on the existing PSC theory developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) and deductive (open coding arising from data) approaches. A PSC framework was formulated through axial coding that connected initial codes and selective coding that extracted a small number of themes. Results The interviewees considered patient safety in relation to six aspects: safety and security in public spaces, safety of medical services, privacy and information security, financial security, psychological safety and gap in services. A 12-dimensional PSC framework was developed, containing 69 items. While the existing PSC theory was confirmed by this study, some new themes emerged from the data. Patients expressed particular concerns about psychological safety and financial security. Defensive medical practices emerged as a PSC dimension that is associated with not only medical safety but also financial security and psychological safety. Patient engagement was also valued by the interviewees, especially the patients, as part of PSC. Conclusions Although there are some common features in PSC across different healthcare delivery systems, PSC can also be context specific. In MCH settings in China, the meaning of ‘patient safety’ goes beyond the traditional definition of patients. General well-being, health and disease prevention are important anchor points for defining PSC in such settings.
Population Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Exploratory Exposure–Response Analyses of Apixaban in Subjects Treated for Venous Thromboembolism

Apixaban is approved for treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and prevention of recurrence. Population pharmacokinetics, pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics (anti‐FXa activity), and exposure–response (binary bleeding and thromboembolic endpoints) of apixaban in VTE treatment subjects were characterized using data from phase I–III studies. Apixaban pharmacokinetics were adequately characterized by a two‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination. Age, sex, and Asian race had less than 25% impact on exposure, while subjects with severe renal impairment were predicted to have 56% higher exposure than the reference subject (60‐year‐old non‐Asian male weighing 85 kg with creatinine clearance of 100 mL/min). The relationship between apixaban concentration and anti‐FXa activity was described by a linear model with a slope estimate of 0.0159 IU/ng. The number of subjects with either a bleeding or thromboembolic event was small, and no statistically significant relationship between apixaban exposure and clinical endpoints could be discerned with a logistic regression analysis.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS TO VALIDATE THE NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHOD OF "LIQUID PENETRANTS ON HOT SURFACES"

BACKGROUND - Liquid penetrant testing is a widely used non-destructive testing (NDT) method for detecting surface defects on equipment or installations of various kinds. The method consists in applying a liquid capable of penetrating surface discontinuities onto the surface of interest, wiping off any excess penetrant and then applying a medium (developer) capable of absorbing any penetrant entrapped in the defects, thus magnifying the indication and making it visible. The analysis describes the tests performed to characterize the products to be used in liquid penetrant testing on non-porous materials whose surface temperature is higher than 50 °C. OBJECTIVES - This analysis was conducted in support of the development of the specific UNI U45000540 standard, “Characterization of products used in liquid penetrant testing on hot surfaces”. The tests performed in the course of this analysis are the same as those required by the draft standard. The standard is applicable to all cases where liquid penetrant testing is required at temperatures higher than 50 °C, and may be used for defining product standards, for developing in-house technical procedures and for qualifying testing procedures. The tests were carried out at the Non-destructive Testing Laboratory of the Italian National Institute for Occupational Safety and Prevention (ISPESL) in Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy.
Internet of things — smart traffic management system for smart cities using big data analytics

Smart Traffic System (STS) is a one of the important aspect for future smart city. STS is more expensive and highly configurable to provide better quality of service for public traffic management. This paper proposes a low cost future STS to provide better service by deploying traffic update instantly. Low cost vehicle detecting sensors are fixed in the middle of road for every 500 meters. Internet of Things (IoT) is being used to attain public traffic data quickly and send it for data processing. The Real time streaming data is sent for Big Data analytics. There are several analytical scriptures to analyze the traffic density and provide solution through predictive analytics.
Barrington's nucleus: Neuroanatomic landscape of the mouse “pontine micturition center”

Barrington's nucleus (Bar) is thought to contain neurons that trigger voiding and thereby function as the “pontine micturition center. ” Lacking detailed information on this region in mice, we examined gene and protein markers to characterize Bar and the neurons surrounding it. Like rats and cats, mice have an ovoid core of medium‐sized Bar neurons located medial to the locus coeruleus (LC). Bar neurons express a GFP reporter for Vglut2, develop from a Math1/Atoh1 lineage, and exhibit immunoreactivity for NeuN. Many neurons in and around this core cluster express a reporter for corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (BarCRH). Axons from BarCRH neurons project to the lumbosacral spinal cord and ramify extensively in two regions: the dorsal gray commissural and intermediolateral nuclei. BarCRH neurons have unexpectedly long dendrites, which may receive synaptic input from the cerebral cortex and other brain regions beyond the core afferents identified previously. Finally, at least five populations of neurons surround Bar: rostral‐dorsomedial cholinergic neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus; lateral noradrenergic neurons in the LC; medial GABAergic neurons in the pontine central gray; ventromedial, small GABAergic neurons that express FoxP2; and dorsolateral glutamatergic neurons that express FoxP2 in the pLC and form a wedge dividing Bar from the dorsal LC. We discuss the implications of this new information for interpreting existing data and future experiments targeting BarCRH neurons and their synaptic afferents to study micturition and other pelvic functions.
Image reconstruction via L0 gradient and L1 wavelet coefficients minimization

In this paper, we address the problem of image reconstruction from highly undersampled Fourier measurements. In order to promote inherent sparsity in gradient and wavelet transform domain, we proposed a new reconstruction scheme via minimizing L0 norm of gradients and L1 norm of wavelet coefficients. L0 gradient minimization can control the number of non-zero gradients to enforce the sparsity in gradient, which results in edge preserving reconstruction. The reconstruction is casted into optimization framework and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm is utilized to efficiently solve the proposed optimization problem. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in comparison with the L1 gradient reconstruction method.
New trends in reconstructive surgery: report of a young woman with extensive sulfuric acid burns.

We report a case of a female Pakistan patient aged 25 years with a 25% total body surface area third degree full-thickness burns caused by sulfuric acid. She has been a victim of domestic assault for marital discord. She has been admitted to the plastic surgical ward of Policlinico Casilino from September 2001 to November 2006. Sites of the burn injuries included: face, head, neck, upper limbs, and chest. The challenge was to save the eyes, the mouth, the nose, the neck and give back a “human” face to this young patient who also suffered severe social impairment. She required 17 reconstructive operations. The first of these was a Z-plasty on the neck and nostrils expansion. The second procedure consistedof skingraftingof theneckregionandunder thechin and a lateral naso-labial Z-plasty. The third procedure involved two steps: first, the collection of a full-thickness skin graft from a donor site of the right inguinal area, and V–Y plasty on the face (nostrils and columella). The fourth and the fifth procedures involved fullthickness skin graft under lower lip. The sixth procedure was an extra aural implant of the right ear with placement of three fixtures of 3-mm each. The seventh procedure involved lengthening of articular capsule of the right hand. The eighth and ninth procedures were performed to harvest full-thickness grafts (Wolfe Krause) from the right inguinal region. During the first one grafts were transplanted on both upper eyelid and the tarsorrhaphy was performed; in the second one the skin graft was placed on the neck. At the same time a nasolabial flap has been collected for the following reconstruction of the columella. During the 10th procedure, a commissuroplasty was performed using the collected flap (nasolabial) to recreate the natural appearance of the labial rim and to obtain projection of the columella. The 16th procedure involved the insertion and then, the removal of the skin expanders of the eyelid and neck followed by flap remodelling and a vermilion plasty. Last procedure was that of platelet gel application of the face. The purpose of the authors was functional and aesthetic rehabilitation which has been achieved in this patient with this plan of reconstruction.
Suspiciousness, health, and mortality: a follow‐up study of 500 older adults.

&NA; Scores on Factor L of the 16 PF, a measure of suspiciousness that is closely related to the Cook and Medley hostility scale, predicted survival in a sample of 500 older men and women during a follow‐up of approximately 15 years. Those individuals with scores indicating higher levels of suspiciousness had greater mortality risk. This association remained significant after controlling for age, sex, physician's ratings of functional health, smoking, cholesterol, and alcohol intake. In addition, Factor L was associated with physician's ratings of health at the initiation of follow‐up. These findings add to the weight of evidence that implicates a set of negative interpersonal attitudes in the domain of hostility, anger, cynicism, and mistrust as a prospective marker of individuals at risk for adverse health outcomes.
The impact of ICD-9-CM code rank order on the estimated prevalence of Clostridium difficile infections.

BACKGROUND US estimates of the Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) burden have utilized International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis codes. Whether ICD-9-CM code rank order affects CDI prevalence estimates is important because the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) have varying limits on the number of ICD-9-CM codes collected. METHODS ICD-9-CM codes for CDI (008.45), C. difficile toxin assay results, and dates of admission and discharge were collected from electronic hospital databases for adult patients admitted to 4 hospitals in the United States from July 2000 through June 2006. CDI prevalence per 1000 discharges was calculated and compared for NHDS and NIS limits and toxin assay results from the same hospitals. CDI prevalence estimates were compared using the χ(2) test, and the test of equality was used to compare slopes. RESULTS CDI prevalence measured by NIS criteria was significantly higher than that measured using NHDS criteria (10.7 cases per 1000 discharges versus 9.4 cases per 1000 discharges; P<.001) in the 4 hospitals. CDI prevalence measured by toxin assay results was 9.4 cases per 1000 discharges (P=.57 versus NHDS). However, the CDI prevalence increased more rapidly over time when measured according to the NHDS criteria than when measured according to toxin assay results (β=1.09 versus 0.84; P=.008). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the NHDS definition, the NIS definition captured 12% more CDI cases and reported significantly higher CDI rates. Rates calculated using toxin assay results were not different from rates calculated using NHDS criteria, but CDI prevalence appeared to increase more rapidly when measured by NHDS criteria than when measured by toxin assay results.
The Shape of Alerts: Detecting Malware Using Distributed Detectors by Robustly Amplifying Transient Correlations

We introduce a new malware detector - Shape-GD - that aggregates per-machine detectors into a robust global detector. Shape-GD is based on two insights: 1. Structural: actions such as visiting a website (waterhole attack) by nodes correlate well with malware spread, and create dynamic neighborhoods of nodes that were exposed to the same attack vector. However, neighborhood sizes vary unpredictably and require aggregating an unpredictable number of local detectors' outputs into a global alert. 2. Statistical: feature vectors corresponding to true and false positives of local detectors have markedly different conditional distributions - i.e. their shapes differ. The shape of neighborhoods can identify infected neighborhoods without having to estimate neighborhood sizes - on 5 years of Symantec detectors' logs, Shape-GD reduces false positives from ~1M down to ~110K and raises alerts 345 days (on average) before commercial anti-virus products; in a waterhole attack simulated using Yahoo web-service logs, Shape-GD detects infected machines when only ~100 of ~550K are compromised.
Bootstrap Pattern Learning for Open-Domain CLQA*

We describe Javelin, a Cross-lingual Question Answering system which participated in the NTCIR-8 ACLIA evaluation and which is designed to work on any type of question, including factoid and complex questions. The key technical contribution of this paper is a minimally supervised bootstrapping approach to generating lexicosyntactic patterns used for answer extraction. The preliminary evaluation result (measured by nugget F3 score) shows that the proposed pattern learning approach outperformed two baselines, a supervised learning approach used in NTCIR-7 ACLIA and a simple key-term based approach, for both monolingual and crosslingual tracks. The proposed approach is general and thus it has potential applicability to a wide variety of information access applications which require deeper semantic processing.
Contact guidance for cardiac tissue engineering using 3D bioprinted gelatin patterned hydrogel

Here, we have developed a 3D bioprinted microchanneled gelatin hydrogel that promotes human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) myocardial commitment and supports native cardiomyocytes (CMs) contractile functionality. Firstly, we studied the effect of bioprinted microchanneled hydrogel on the alignment, elongation, and differentiation of hMSC. Notably, the cells displayed well defined F-actin anisotropy and elongated morphology on the microchanneled hydrogel, hence showing the effects of topographical control over cell behavior. Furthermore, the aligned stem cells showed myocardial lineage commitment, as detected using mature cardiac markers. The fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis also confirmed a significant increase in the commitment towards myocardial tissue lineage. Moreover, seeded CMs were found to be more aligned and demonstrated synchronized beating on microchanneled hydrogel as compared to the unpatterned hydrogel. Overall, our study proved that microchanneled hydrogel scaffold produced by 3D bioprinting induces myocardial differentiation of stem cells as well as supports CMs growth and contractility. Applications of this approach may be beneficial for generating in vitro cardiac model systems to physiological and cardiotoxicity studies as well as in vivo generating custom designed cell impregnated constructs for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
&ohgr;-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate type 1 diabetes and autoimmunity

Despite the benefit of insulin, blockade of autoimmune attack and regeneration of pancreatic islets are ultimate goals for the complete cure of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Long-term consumption of &ohgr;-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is known to suppress inflammatory processes, making these fatty acids candidates for the prevention and amelioration of autoimmune diseases. Here, we explored the preventative and therapeutic effects of &ohgr;-3 PUFAs on T1D. In NOD mice, dietary intervention with &ohgr;-3 PUFAs sharply reduced the incidence of T1D, modulated the differentiation of Th cells and Tregs, and decreased the levels of IFN-&ggr;, IL-17, IL-6, and TNF-&agr;. &ohgr;-3 PUFAs exerted similar effects on the differentiation of CD4+ T cells isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The regulation of CD4+ T cell differentiation was mediated at least in part through &ohgr;-3 PUFA eicosanoid derivatives and by mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibition. Importantly, therapeutic intervention in NOD mice through nutritional supplementation or lentivirus-mediated expression of an &ohgr;-3 fatty acid desaturase, mfat-1, normalized blood glucose and insulin levels for at least 182 days, blocked the development of autoimmunity, prevented lymphocyte infiltration into regenerated islets, and sharply elevated the expression of the &bgr; cell markers pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) and paired box 4 (Pax4). The findings suggest that &ohgr;-3 PUFAs could potentially serve as a therapeutic modality for T1D.
Improved Initial Rotor Position Estimation for PMSM Drives Based on HF Pulsating Voltage Signal Injection

In a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system, high-frequency (HF) pulsating voltage signal injection has demonstrated high accuracy to estimate the initial rotor position. However, a conventional signal demodulation method may face the problems of long convergence time and limited system stability, owing to the low-pass filter (LPF) used in signal demodulation process. Thus, a direct signal demodulation method is proposed, in which, the LPF is removed to improve system stability and dynamic property. A direct demodulation collection is generated to extract the position deviation signal from estimated q-axis HF current. Recursive discrete Fourier transform is employed to calculate the amplitude of estimated d-axis HF current, thus an amplitude normalized technique is implemented to reduce the effects of HF signal and PMSM. Meanwhile, the stability and dynamic property are compared between the conventional and proposed method, with the aid of D-partition technique and amplitude–frequency characteristics diagram. Furthermore, a novel magnetic polarity detection method is put forward based on the magnetic saturation, which has a high signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, the experimental results on three PMSM drive systems prove that the proposed method is practicable and effective.