Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examination of Salmonella gene expression in an infected mammalian host using the green fluorescent protein and two‐colour flow cytometry

Quantitative data on Salmonella gene expression in infected hosts are largely lacking because of technical problems. One attractive reporter, the green fluorescent protein (GFP), is widely used in vitro but is difficult to quantify in infected tissues because of the preponderance of background particles with similar fluorescence. Here, bacterial GFP emission was spectrally distinguished from host autofluorescence by two‐colour flow cytometry. Using this technique, the in vivo activity of three well‐characterized promoters (PsicA, PssaH and PpagC) was determined. Their spatial and temporal activity patterns are in close agreement with predictions based on previous data and the colonization defects of corresponding deletion strains. To identify additional Salmonella promoters that are induced in infected animals, a genomic library was sorted by flow cytometry yielding four independent promoters. Genes expressed from PpibB and PsifA contribute to virulence, and chorismate mutase expressed from ParoQ might participate in aromatic acid biosynthesis, which is also required for virulence. Promoter P3g appears to be part of a mobile genetic element that is lacking in the completely sequenced strain LT2.
Microwave irradiation for rapid epidermis-dermis separation and improved epidermal cell immunodetection

We explored the effects of microwave irradiation on epidermal-dermal separation and subsequent immunostaining of epidermal cells. Epidermal sheets were obtained after incubation in 0.02 M EDTA in PBS and microwave irradiation with 4 pulses of 420 watts for 5 sec, with a total incubation period of 4 min. The control epidermal sheets were immunostained for Langerhans cells and dendritic epidermal T cells using a conventional immunoperoxidase method. The experimental immunodetection of these cells was assisted by incubating the primary antibodies for 10 min at 70 watts. We showed a simple and rapid method for separation of the epidermal-dermal junction and immunostaining of epidermal cells with optimal morphological preservation.
Advanced numerical solution algorithms for modern EM wave propagation problems

The development of high-order, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) schemes for modeling and investigating radio-wave propagation problems are presented in this work. The electromagnetic waves can be reproduced precisely in a well-defined discretized space of any geometry, giving accurate simulation results with reasonable computational resources. Special consideration is given to the correct boundary conditions enforced at the media interfaces, as well as to the absorbing boundary conditions that terminate the FDTD grid in open-region problems.
Leadership in interprofessional collaboration – the case of childcare in Norway

This study addresses leadership in interprofessional collaboration in childcare services (residential care). The aim was to explore the managers' (n = 6) experiences and present their views on how they exercised leadership in the residential institutions as well as how they organized and facilitated collaboration with relevant professionals and service users. Data was collected through open interviews. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the interviews, and three categories emerged; “external responsibility”, “sustaining communication” and “internal responsibility”. The overarching concept was identified as “facilitating interaction processes and ensuring cohesion”. The main findings were related to the managers' experiences of linked processes of leadership and collaboration, perceptions of the structures of communication, their responsibility as well as the interaction processes. The managers exercised leadership in terms of self-governance and co-governance, and used strategies, such as governing images and influencing the voluntary aspect of collaboration.
Fractional box-counting approach to fractal dimension estimation

The estimation of the fractal dimension is essential in fractal-based image segmentation, classification and shape analysis. The most popular estimation approach is based on box-counting. However, the partition and counting methods used in the regular box-counting scheme produces inaccurate results. In this paper, a more accurate fractional box-counting approach is proposed to estimate the fractal dimension in an image. By separating the concepts of base scale and counting scale, the new approach is able to use a deformable box to capture fractal property at some predetermined resolution. Preliminary results using the fractional box-counting approach have demonstrated that it is an accurate and efficient method.
An Improved Support Vector Machine Method for Harmonic and Inter-harmonic Detecting

Based on the linear regressive model of support vector machines, iterative re-weighted least squares of the support vector machines for signal spectral analysis is introduced by virtue of abstract expressions of cost functions, and the uniform mathematical analytical expression of support vector machine for solving the problem of signal spectral analysis is obtained. And a new method is presented by changing resolution, namely defining the range of spectrum by taking advantage of wide range with rough resolution at first, and then using narrow range with high resolution. The simulation has showed that this method solves the problem of large calculation and slow calculating speed
A framework for thermal aware reliability estimation in 2D NoC

Parallel computing challenges in embedded system design results in development of architectures having large number of cores on a single chip. Network on Chip has been developed to manage the on chip communication issues in Chip-multi processor. Downscaling in technology at deep submicron affects the system level reliability, motivating the researchers to consider the long term durability in design approaches. These architectures have experienced thermal and power inconsistencies that eventually affects the reliability of NoC. Recent advancements in technology forces the design engineers to design the thermal and ageing aware reliable system which improves the life time of devices. This paper presents the integrated life time failure models i.e. stress migration and thermal cycle along with existing models such as time dependent dielectric breakdown and negative bias temperature instability. Subsequently, we perform comparative analysis among power models for the accurate estimation of reliability. These estimations reveals that it is possible to model on chip network for parameters which adversely affects the system performance leading to device or system failure. Through our proposed approach we are able to predict more accurate reliability estimation based on more precise power and thermal awareness.
A Novel CPG with Proprioception and its Application on the Locomotion Control of Quadruped Robot

This paper proposes a novel central pattern generator (CPG) model with proprioceptive mechanism and the dynamic connectivity mechanism. It not only contains the sensory information of the environment but also contains the information of the actuators and automatically tunes the parameters of CPG corresponding to the actuators information and inner sensory information. The position of the joints linked directly with the output of CPG is introduced to the CPG to find its proprioceptive system, spontaneously making the robot realize the actuator working status, further changing the CPG output to fit the change and decrease the influence of the problematic joints or actuators on the robot being controlled. So the damage would be avoided and self-protection is implemented. Its application on the locomotion control of a quadruped robot demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Variable numbers of BCR‐ABL transcripts persist in CML patients who achieve complete cytogenetic remission with interferon‐α

Summary . A substantial minority of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) achieve a complete response to treatment with interferon‐α (IFN‐α), defined as the disappearance of Philadelphia chromosome positive metaphases or, for patients who are Philadelphia chromosome negative but BCR‐ABL positive, the disappearance of the leukaemic clone as assayed by Southern blot. We have measured the levels of BCR‐ABL transcripts in 20 such patients by quantitative PCR. Results were standardized for both quality and quantity of cDNA by quantification of ABL as an internal control. All 20 patients had evidence of residual disease; the median number of transcripts was 750/μg RNA (range 10–22 000) and the median BCR‐ABL/ABL ratio was 0–17% (range 0–0008–3–6%). Our findings show that CML has not been eradicated in any patient and that the quantity of residual disease in complete responders may vary by as much as four orders of magnitude.
Temperature of the inner-core boundary of the Earth: Melting of iron at high pressure from first-principles coexistence simulations

The Earth's core consists of a solid ball with a radius of 1221 Km, surrounded by a liquid shell which extends up to 3480 km from the center of the planet, roughly half way toward the surface (the mean radius of the Earth is 6373 km). The main constituent of the core is iron, and therefore the melting temperature of iron at the pressure encountered at the boundary between the solid and the liquid [the inner-core boundary (ICB)] provides an estimate of the temperature of the core. Here I report the melting temperature of Fe at pressures near that of the ICB, obtained with first-principles techniques based on density-functional theory. The calculations have been performed by directly simulating solid and liquid iron in coexistence and show that and at a pressure of similar to 328 GPa iron melts at similar to 6370 +/- 100 K. These findings are in good agreement with earlier simulations, which used exactly the same quantum-mechanics techniques but obtained melting properties from the calculation of the free energies of solid and liquid Fe.
An analysis of the discontinuous Galerkin method for a scalar hyperbolic equation

We prove Lp stability and error estimates for the discontinuous Galerkin method when applied to a scalar linear hyperbolic equation on a convex polygonal plane domain. Using finite element analysis techniques, we obtain L2 estimates that are valid on an arbitrary locally regular triangulation of the domain and for an arbitrary degree of polynomials. Lp estimates for p * 2 are restricted to either a uniform or piecewise uniform triangulation and to polynomials of not higher than first degree. The latter estimates are proved by combining finite difference and finite element analysis techniques.
Robust Toponym Resolution Based on Surface Statistics

Toponyms and other named entities are main issues in unknown word processing problem. Our purpose is to salvage unknown toponyms, not only for avoiding noises but also providing them information of area candidates to where they may belong. Most of previous toponym resolution methods were targeting disambiguation among area candidates, which is caused by the multiple existence of a toponym. These approaches were mostly based on gazetteers and contexts. When it comes to the documents which may contain toponyms worldwide, like newspaper articles, toponym resolution is not just an ambiguity resolution, but an area candidate selection from all the areas on Earth. Thus we propose an automatic toponym resolution method which enables to identify its area candidates based only on their surface statistics, in place of dictionary-lookup approaches. Our method combines two modules, area candidate reduction and area candidate examination which uses block-unit data, to obtain high accuracy without reducing recall rate. Our empirical result showed 85.54% precision rate, 91.92% recall rate and . 89 F-measure value on average. This method is a flexible and robust approach for toponym resolution targeting unrestricted number of areas.
RAFD: Resource-aware fault diagnosis system for home environment with smart devices

With recent advancement in technologies used at home, smart home environment allows various resources such as device, network, or content to be connected to one another. Their configurations are changed by dynamic bindings at any time. In this smart home environment, a minor problem in a resource can trigger serious failures in home network services by causing multiple faults to the related resources simultaneously. To solve this problem, it is essential to analyze the dependency between resources and also to diagnose home network faults autonomously. This paper proposes the effective fault diagnosis system based on resource relation map which is dynamically constructed by information convergence model of heterogeneous home resources. The proposed system provides the tracing method for finding the root cause of a fault using the resource relation map. The resource relation map represents the snapshot of home situations at the given time. The proposed fault diagnosis method allows building cost effective remote maintenance system with high availability and manageability by tracing the fault cause along the dependency between resources using graph-style resource relation map as if humans trace the cause of problem. In addition, it can contribute to realize an autonomic fault management system for smart home. In this paper, the prototype of the proposed system is implemented and evaluated for performance in accuracy and latency of fault diagnosis in a real environment. The experimental results show that the proposed system, especially with the suggested back tracing diagnosis system, yields remarkable performance for home network fault diagnosis.
Perros y prácticas rituales en una antigua aldea de la cuenca de México

Durante muchos años los mexicanos hemos escuchado que los perros eran animales íntimamente ligados a la vida de la gente de tiempos prehispánicos: se empleaban como alimento, en ofrendas y como compañero de difuntos. Su crianza era labor muy reconocida, al menos en algunas culturas y fueron símbolos religiosos en diversas modalidades. En lo que respecta a esquemas generales, podemos asegurar que lo expresado en las líneas anteriores es correcto, pero la RESUMEN
A critical re‐evaluation of the specificity of action of perivagal capsaicin

Perivagal application of capsaicin (1% solution) is considered to cause selective degeneration of vagal afferent (sensory) C fibres and has been used extensively to examine the site of action of many gastrointestinal (GI) neuropeptides. The actions of both capsaicin and GI neuropeptides may not be restricted to vagal afferent fibres, however, as other non‐sensory neurones displayed sensitivity to capsaicin and brainstem microinjections of these neuropeptides induce GI effects similar to those obtained upon systemic application. The present study used immunohistochemical, biophysical and functional approaches to test the hypothesis that perivagal capsaicin induces degeneration of vagal efferents controlling GI functions. Our data indicate that perivagal application of capsaicin induces degeneration of vagal efferent motoneurones and decreased vagal motor responses. Treatment with perivagal capsaicin cannot therefore be considered selective for vagal afferent C fibres and, consequently, care is needed when using perivagal capsaicin to assess the mechanism of action of GI neuropeptides.
ProActive Caching - A Framework for Performance Optimized Access Control Evaluations

Users expect that systems react instantly. This is specifically the case for user-centric workflows running in multi-layered enterprise system landscapes which demand fine-grained access control mechanisms and support for dynamic security policies. Thus, efficient evaluation of security policies becomes an important factor for the overall system performance. Caching approaches may help to address this issue. In previous work we introduced ProActive Caching as an approach that consists of two phases: first, in an offline phase, we automatically determine a workflow-specific heuristic for pre-computing and caching access decisions during a process execution. Second, in an online phase, we use the determined heuristic for the cache management. Hence, ProActive Caching provides a framework which is able to pre-compute access decisions based on an offline analysis of the system. In this paper we present a demonstrator for this framework. It comprises a tool for generating the workflow-specific heuristics, as well as a ProActive Caching enabled business process system which uses the generated heuristics for pre-computing access decisions during process execution. An additional performance monitor shows the performance increase of the system.
Language Identification Based on Generative Modeling of Posteriorgram Sequences Extracted from Frame-by-Frame DNNs and LSTM-RNNs

This paper aims to enhance spoken language identification methods based on direct discriminative modeling of language labels using deep neural networks (DNNs) and long shortterm memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM-RNNs). In conventional methods, frame-by-frame DNNs or LSTM-RNNs are used for utterance-level classification. Although they have strong frame-level classification performance and real-time efficiency, they are not optimized for variable length utterance-level classification since the classification is conducted by simply averaging frame-level prediction results. In addition, the simple classification methodology cannot fully utilize the combination of DNNs and LSTM-RNNs. To address these issues, our idea is to combine the frame-by-frame DNNs and LSTM-RNNs with a sequential generative model based classifier. In the proposed method, we regard posteriorgram sequences generated from a frame-by-frame classifier as feature sequences, and model them with respect to each language using language modeling technologies. The generative model based classifier does not model an identification boundary, so we can flexibly deal with variable length utterances without loss of conventional advantages. Furthermore, the proposed method can support the combination of DNNs and LSTMs using joint posteriorgram sequences, those of generative modeling can capture differences between two posteriorgram sequences. Experiments conducted using the GlobalPhone database demonstrate the proposed method’s effectiveness.
A 0.64 mm$^{2}$  Real-Time Cascade Face Detection Design Based on Reduced Two-Field Extraction

Face detection is widely used in portable consumer handheld devices aimed at low area, low power, and high performance applications. The boosted cascade algorithm is one of the fastest face detection algorithms in use, but its hardware implementation requires a huge amount of SRAM to store the input data, integral image, and classifiers. This paper proposes a novel cascade face detection architecture based on a reduced two-field feature extraction scheme for faster integral image calculation and feature extraction. This scheme reduces the required memory for storing integral images by 75%, and employs multiple register files instead of a single SRAM to speed up the integral image updating and feature extraction processes. The reduced integral images have only 5% of the features of original images. Although this approach requires more weak classifiers, the proposed parallel cascade detection architecture reduces the average detection time for one feature to 63% that of the original. A 0.64 mm2 15 mw (@390 fps) boosted cascade face detection is implemented under the UMC 90-nm CMOS technology. Experimental results show that this face detection system can achieve a high face detection rate in processing 160 × 120 grayscale images at a speed of 390 fps.
Absence of autolytic activity (peptidoglycan nicking) in penicillin-induced nonlytic death in a group A streptococcus

The extent of sublytic autolysin activity (peptidoglycan [PG] nicking) after exposure of exponentially growing cultures of a group A streptococcus (GAS) to benzylpenicillin (PenG) was studied by determining changes in the glycan chain length of PG polymers. The average PG chain length in isolated cell walls was estimated by calculating the ratio of the total hexosamine content (Morgan-Elson-reactive material) to reducing-end group content established via quantitation of [3H]borohydride reduction products. Comparison of the average PG chain length obtained from untreated control cultures of GAS with those obtained after exposure to a saturating dose of PenG revealed no decrease over a time interval equivalent to four mass doublings of the control cultures. Exposure to this concentration of PenG for a time equivalent to only two mass doublings resulted in approximately 90% loss of viability. In contrast, exposure of the lytic bacterium, Streptococcus faecium ATCC 9790, to a 50% growth inhibitory dose of PenG produced a 20% reduction in the average PG chain length concomitant with only a 65% loss of viability. Preliminary characterization of the autolytic system of GAS indicated that this streptococcus has a hexosaminidase-type autolysin. The results presented indicate the lack of autolytic activity in PenG-induced nonlytic death.
Retinoid Receptor Subtypes in Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma of the Eyelid

Purpose: To study retinoid receptor expression in sebaceous cell carcinoma of the eyelid Methods: Expression of retinoid receptors (RAR α, β, and γ and RXR α, β, and γ) in tumor specimens from 10 patients with sebaceous cell carcinoma of the eyelid and in 3 normal incidental tarsus specimens from healthy adults without cancer was studied immunohistochemically by using antiretinoid receptor antibodies. Results: In all 3 specimens of normal tarsus, all 6 retinoid receptors were expressed. RARα expression was absent in 3 tumors and was decreased in 3 tumors compared with expression in the control tissues. RARβ expression in carcinomas was primarily perinuclear; 6 tumors showed increased RARβ expression compared with controls. RARγ expression was absent in 4 tumors and was decreased in 2 tumors compared with controls. RXRα nuclear expression was decreased compared with controls in 5 tumors. RXRβ expression was low in 7 tumors. RXRγ expression was absent in 6 tumors. Conclusions: Aberrant expression of retinoid receptors in sebaceous cell carcinoma of the eyelid might play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of this carcinoma.
Improving native accent identification using deep neural networks

In this paper, we utilize deep neural networks(DNNs) to automatically identify native accents in English and Mandarin when no text, speaker or gender information is available for the speech data. Compared to the Gaussian mixture model(GMM) based conventional methods, the proposed method beneﬁts from two main advantages: ﬁrst, DNNs are discriminative models which can provide better discrimination on confusion regions of different accents; second, they have the hierarchical nonlinear feature extraction capability which can learn discriminative high-level features for the speciﬁed task. In detail, the speech data of all accents is used to train DNNs, and in the testing stage, we ﬁrst identify the accent label of each frame, then determine the sentence label by the majority voting conducted on the frame labels. The experiments on accented English and Mandarin corpus demonstrate that, compared to the GMM based methods, our proposed method can signiﬁcantly improve the frame accuracy as well as sentence accuracy on the test set. Moreover, the performance of the proposed method can be further improved by using context information.