Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wall mitigation techniques for indoor sensing within the compressive sensing framework

Compressive sensing (CS) for urban operations and through-the-wall radar imaging has been shown to be successful in fast data acquisition and moving target localizations. However, the research work in this area thus far has assumed prior effective wall removal, allowing proper detection of indoor targets. In this paper, we show that wall removal techniques, operating with full data volume and applying backprojection imaging methods, can be equally effective under reduced data volume and within the sparse signal reconstruction framework. Specifically, we demonstrate that the spatial filtering and the singular value decomposition based approaches, which, respectively, exploit the spatial invariance and the strength of the EM wall return, for suppression of the wall reflections, can be employed using few measurements, thus allowing CS to be applied to data with higher target-to-wall-clutter ratio.
Finite data record performance analysis of rapid synchronization and combined demodulation algorithms

We investigate the coarse synchronization performance of matched-filter-type (MF) and minimum-variance-distortion less-response-type (MF) near self-synchronized receivers for asynchronous direct-sequence code-division-multiple-access communications under finite data record adaptation. Analytic expressions are derived that approximate closely the probability of coarse synchronization error and provide low-cost highly-accurate alternatives to the computationally demanding performance evaluation through simulations. The expressions are explicit functions of the data record size N and the filter order p and reveal the effect of short-data-record sample-matrix-inversion (SMI) implementations on the coarse synchronization performance.
Symbolic Algorithms for Innnite-state Games

A procedure for the analysis of state spaces is called symbolic if it manipulates not individual states, but sets of states that are represented by constraints. Such a procedure can be used for the analysis of innnite state spaces, provided termination is guaranteed. We present symbolic procedures, and corresponding termination criteria, for the solution of innnite-state games, which occur in the control and modular veriication of innnite-state systems. To characterize the termination of symbolic procedures for solving innnite-state games, we classify these game structures into four increasingly restrictive categories: 1. Class 1 consists of innnite-state structures for which all safety and reachability games can be solved. 2. Class 2 consists of innnite-state structures for which all ! -regular games can be solved. 3. Class 3 consists of innnite-state structures for which all nested positive boolean combinations of ! -regular games can be solved. 4. Class 4 consists of innnite-state structuresfor which all nested boolean combinations of ! -regular games can be solved. We give a structural characterization for each class, using equivalence relations on the state spaces of games which range from game versions of trace equivalence to a game version of bisimilarity. We provide innnite-state examples for all four classes of games from control problems for hybrid systems. We conclude by presenting symbolic algorithms for the synthesis of winning strategies (\controller synthesis") for innnite-state games with arbitrary ! -regular objectives, and prove termination over all class-2 structures. This settles, in particular, the symbolic controller synthesis problem for rectangular hybrid systems.
Are found defects an indicator of software correctness? An investigation in a controlled case study

In quality assurance programs, we want indicators of software quality, especially software correctness. The number of found defects during inspection and testing are often used as the basis for indicators of software correctness. However, there is a paradox in this approach, since the remaining defects is what impacts negatively on software correctness, not the found ones. In order to investigate the validity of using found defects or other product or process metrics as indicators of software correctness, a controlled case study is launched. 57 sets of 10 different programs from the PSP course are assessed using acceptance test suites for each program. In the analysis, the number of defects found during the acceptance test are compared to the number of defects found during development, code size, share of development time spent on testing etc. It is concluded from a correlation analysis that 1) fewer defects remain in larger programs 2) more defects remain when larger share of development effort is spent on testing, and 3) no correlation exist between found defects and correctness. We interpret these observations as 1) the smaller programs do not fulfill the expected requirements 2) that large share effort spent of testing indicates a "hacker" approach to software development, and 3) more research is needed to elaborate this issue.
Non-rigid transformations for musculoskeletal model

This paper provides describes solution for the fully automatic registration and multi-morphing of surface triangular meshes. It solves the instability problem experienced with non-manifold mesh transformations. A reﬁnement and interpolation of multiple such meshes representing the same object are used to obtain one manifold mesh for later processing. Details can be found in [2]
The Origin of Radio Scintillation in the Local Interstellar Medium

We study three quasar radio sources (B1257–326, B1519–273, and J1819+385) that show large-amplitude intraday and annual scintillation variability produced by the Earth’s motion relative to turbulent-scattering screens located within a few parsecs of the Sun. We find that the lines of sight to these sources pass through the edges of partially ionized warm interstellar clouds where two or more clouds may interact. From the gas flow vectors of these clouds, we find that the relative radial and transverse velocities of these clouds are large and could generate the turbulence that is responsible for the observed scintillation. For all three sight lines the flow velocities of nearby warm local interstellar clouds are consistent with the fits to the transverse flows of the radio scintillation signals.
Mid-infrared emission spectroscopy and visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of Fe-sulfate minerals

Abstract Sulfate minerals are important indicators for aqueous geochemical environments. The geology and mineralogy of Mars have been studied through the use of various remote-sensing techniques, including thermal (mid-infrared) emission and visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopies. Spectral analyses of spacecraft data (from orbital and landed missions) using these techniques have indicated the presence of sulfate minerals on Mars, including Fe-rich sulfates on the iron-rich planet. Each individual Fe-sulfate mineral can be used to constrain bulk chemistry and lends more information about the specific formational environment [e.g., Fe2+ sulfates are typically more water soluble than Fe3+ sulfates and their presence would imply a water-limited (and lower Eh) environment; Fe3+ sulfates form over a range of hydration levels and indicate further oxidation (biological or abiological) and increased acidification]. To enable better interpretation of past and future terrestrial or planetary data sets, with respect to the Fe-sulfates, we present a comprehensive collection of mid-infrared thermal emission (2000 to 220 cm-1; 5-45 μm) and visible/near-infrared (0.35-5 μm) spectra of 21 different ferrous- and ferric-iron sulfate minerals. Mid-infrared vibrational modes (for SO4, OH, H2O) are assigned to each thermal emissivity spectrum, and the electronic excitation and transfer bands and vibrational OH, H2O, and SO4 overtone and combination bands are assigned to the visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra. Presentation and characterization of these Fe-sulfate thermal emission and visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra will enable the specific chemical environments to be determined when individual Fe-sulfate minerals are identified.
0 61 10 83 v 1 1 5 N ov 2 00 6 Gravastars supported by nonlinear electrodynamics

Gravastar models have recently been proposed as an alternative to black holes, mainly to avoid the problematic issues associated with event horizons and singularities. In this work, a wide variety of gravastar models within the context of nonlinear electrodynamics are constructed. Using the F representation, specific forms of Lagrangians are considered describing magnetic gravastars, which may be interpreted as self-gravitating magnetic monopoles with charge g. Using the dual P formulation of nonlinear electrodynamics, electric gravastar models are constructed by considering specific structural functions, and the characteristics and physical properties of the solutions are further explored. These interior nonlinear electrodynamic geometries are matched to an exterior Schwarzschild spacetime at a junction interface. PACS numbers: 04.20. Jb, 04.40. Nr, 11.10. Lm ‡ flobo@cosmo.fis. fc.ul. pt † vynzds@yahoo.com. mx Gravastars supported by nonlinear electrodynamics 2
Efficient automatic program repair using function-based part-execution

As an emerging paradigm for automated debugging on software system, automatic program repair plays a more and more important role on computer development. Currently, although there are lots of approaches for automatically repairing errors, they do not work very well due to time-consuming validation especially when the faulty programs equip with some long-running test cases. To suppress the testing cost, we present the technique of function-based part-execution (FPE), by which only the key code, instead of the whole patched program, is executed. In addition, the invariant detection technique is applied to predict imminent program failure with incomplete execution. The controlled experiment on real bug in the PHP program show that our approach performs much better than the original Genprog, a state-of-the-art approach on automatic program repair.
Social instability and redistribution of income Falkinger

Rational agents can express discontent with a given distribution of income by threatening to disrupt an economy, if such a threat is profitable. This paper describes such circumstances in a two-class model. Social stability constraints define the acceptable set of income distributions, the range of which is determined by the extent to which income-generating abilities are vulnerable to disruption. Opportunities for disruption vary across stages of economic development. There is possibly no stable distribution in a low developed economy, whereas in an advanced economy, characterized by complex and interdependent production, stable distributions exist. This distinction provides a basis for the observed increasing significance of social stabilization by redistributive policy in the course of economic development. European Journal of Political Economy Ž . Vol. 15 1999 35–51 Social instability and redistribution of income
Influence of back contact roughness on light trapping and plasmonic losses of randomly textured amorphous silicon thin film solar cells

Articles you may be interested in Compositional study of defects in microcrystalline silicon solar cells using spectral decomposition in the scanning transmission electron microscope Appl. Influence of back contact roughness on light trapping and plasmonic losses of randomly textured amorphous silicon thin film solar cells Appl. Photocurrent increase in n-i-p thin film silicon solar cells by guided mode excitation via grating coupler Appl. Surface passivation properties of boron-doped plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited hydrogenated amorphous silicon films on p-type crystalline Si substrates Appl. Carrier recombination at the metal contacts is a major obstacle in the development of high-performance crystalline silicon homojunction solar cells. To address this issue, we insert thin intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon [a-Si:H(i)] passivating films between the dopant-diffused silicon surface and aluminum contacts. We find that with increasing a-Si:H(i) interlayer thickness (from 0 to 16 nm) the recombination loss at metal-contacted phosphorus (n þ) and boron (p þ) diffused surfaces decreases by factors of $25 and $10, respectively. Conversely, the contact resistivity increases in both cases before saturating to still acceptable values of $ 50 mX cm 2 for n þ and $100 mX cm 2 for p þ surfaces. Carrier transport towards the contacts likely occurs by a combination of carrier tunneling and aluminum spiking through the a-Si:H(i) layer, as supported by scanning transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive x-ray maps. We explain the superior contact selectivity obtained on n þ surfaces by more favorable band offsets and capture cross section ratios of recombination centers at the c-Si/a-Si:H(i) interface. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
Three-dimensional reconstruction methods for micro-rotation fluorescence microscopy

Micro-rotation fluorescence microscopy is a novel, optical imaging technique developed with a cell rotation system. The imaging system enables individual living cells to be rotated in suspension under microscopic dimensions, and allows us to acquire a series of images of the cells, simultaneously during the rotation. A challenging task in micro-rotation imaging is how to determine three-dimensional (3D) cell structure from the image series. This thesis thus presents four alternative methods for reconstructing 3D objects from a series of micro-rotation images. The three former methods, the expectation maximisation (EM), the generalised Skilling-Bryan and the marginalisation methods, are iterative algorithms built on the Bayesian inversion theory, which is used to quantify uncertainties in data and model parameters, and also to utilise prior information about the unknown structure. The fourth method, dual filtered backprojection (DFBP), is a fast, non-iterative algorithm derived from the Fourier slice theorem in the classical computed tomography. Each method has its own features: the EM method serves as a basic tool for general usability; the Skilling-Bryan method is more flexible for modelling of noise and prior; the marginalisation method serves as a statistical treatment of the reconstruction that suffers from inaccurate image alignment; and the DFBP method beats the other methods by computational speed but restricts itself with a certain imaging condition. In general, selection of the reconstruction methods depends on imaging and data conditions, such as conventional widefield or confocal microscopy, the stability of cell rotation, and the quality of image alignment. In conclusion, all the proposed reconstruction methods clearly increase capability to visualise 3D object structures, as shown by both simulations and experiments with real micro-rotation data. Two obvious messages from the results are that first, the quality of the reconstructed object highly depends on the accuracy of image alignment, and second, micro-rotation reconstructions with the current imaging system always contain poor resolution in the tangential direction of the rotation. Future interesting research is thus to combine the micro-rotation protocol with extended depth-of-focus microscopy that could strengthen the tangential resolution.
Analysis of Drosophila Segmentation Network Identifies a JNK Pathway Factor Overexpressed in Kidney Cancer

We constructed a large-scale functional network model in Drosophila melanogaster built around two key transcription factors involved in the process of embryonic segmentation. Analysis of the model allowed the identification of a new role for the ubiquitin E3 ligase complex factor SPOP. In Drosophila, the gene encoding SPOP is a target of segmentation transcription factors. Drosophila SPOP mediates degradation of the Jun kinase phosphatase Puckered, thereby inducing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/Eiger–dependent apoptosis. In humans, we found that SPOP plays a conserved role in TNF-mediated JNK signaling and was highly expressed in 99% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), the most prevalent form of kidney cancer. SPOP expression distinguished histological subtypes of RCC and facilitated identification of clear cell RCC as the primary tumor for metastatic lesions.
Interactionism and digital society

In this article we consider the extent to which interactionist ideas can inform the analysis of current socio-technical trends and practices that surround the emerging contours of digital society. We make reference to four field domains of inquiry that are relevant to this task and highlight how established interactionist insights can be carried forward and inform future studies in this developing area.
Rapid afterslip following the 1999 Chi‐Chi, Taiwan Earthquake

Postseismic displacements of as much as 14 cm were recorded by GPS measurements in the 3 months following the MW 7.6 1999 Chi‐Chi, Taiwan earthquake. Data from 35 continuous and 90 campaign‐surveyed stations, which show continued east over west thrusting, are analyzed to estimate the postseismic slip distribution and fault geometry. Assuming the shallow fault dips 24° E, as determined by numerous studies of the mainshock, we invert for the deeper fault structure. Our results show that the fault dip shallows with depth below the hypocenter, merging into a nearly horizontal decollement at a depth of 8–12 km. The afterslip distribution shows a maximum slip of 25 cm in the hypocentral region at 7–12 km depth as well as significant slip on the lower decollement. Afterslip is notably absent in the region of maximum coseismic slip, consistent with the afterslip being driven by the mainshock stress change.
Identification of an Active New Mutator Transposable Element in Maize

Robertson’s Mutator (Mu) system has been used in large scale mutagenesis in maize, exploiting its high mutation frequency, controllability, preferential insertion in genes, and independence of donor location. Eight Mutator elements have been fully characterized (Mu1, Mu2 /Mu1.7, Mu3, Mu4, Mu5, Mu6/7, Mu8, MuDR), and three are defined by TIR (Mu10, Mu11 and Mu12). The genome sequencing revealed a complex family of Mu-like-elements (MULEs) in the B73 genome. In this article, we report the identification of a new Mu element, named Mu13. Mu13 showed typical Mu characteristics by having a ∼220 bp TIR, creating a 9 bp target site duplication upon insertion, yet the internal sequence is completely different from previously identified Mu elements. Mu13 is not present in the B73 genome or a Zea mays subsp. parviglumis accession, but in W22 and several inbreds that found the Robertson’s Mutator line. Analysis of mutants isolated from the UniformMu mutagenic population indicated that the Mu13 element is active in transposition. Two novel insertions were found in expressed genes. To test other unknown Mu elements, we selected six new Mu elements from the B73 genome. Southern analysis indicated that most of these elements were present in the UniformMu lines. From these results, we conclude that Mu13 is a new and active Mu element that significantly contributed to the mutagenesis in the UniformMu population. The Robertson’s Mutator line may harbor other unknown active Mu elements.
Arguing Security – Creating Security Assurance Cases

An assurance case is a body of evidence organized into an argument demonstrating that some claim about a system holds, i.e., is assured. An assurance case is needed when it is important to show that a system exhibits some complex property such as safety, security, or reliability. In this article, our objective is to explain an approach to documenting an assurance case for system security, i.e., a security assurance case or, more succinctly, a security case. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Reviews by Sam Redwine, Andy Moore, Ann Miller, Gary McGraw, Nancy Mead, Bob Ellison, and Pamela Curtis are gratefully acknowledged. INTRODUCTION A security assurance case is similar to a legal case. It presents arguments showing how a top-level claim (such as “The system is acceptably secure”) is supported by objective evidence. Unlike a typical product certification, a security case considers people and processes as well as technology. A case is developed by showing how the top-level claim is supported by subclaims. For example, part of a security assurance case would typically address various sources of security vulnerabilities. Among them, the case would probably claim that a system has none of the common coding defects that lead to security vulnerabilities, including for example buffer overflow vulnerabilities. A subclaim about the 1 Assurance cases were originally used to show that systems satisfied their safety-critical properties. In this usage, they were (and are) called safety cases. The notation and approach used in this article has been used for over a decade in Europe to document why a system is sufficiently safe [Kelly 1998, Kelly 2004]. The application of the concept to reliability was documented in an SAE Standard [SAE 2004]. In this article, we extend the concept to cover system security claims. 2 Buffer overflows have been exploited by attackers more than any other class of vulnerability. Further information about the common coding defects that lead to security vulnerabilities can be found elsewhere on the BSI web site and in the computer security literature [BSI 2007b, BSI 2007c, BSI 2007d, BSI 2007e, Howard 2005, Lipner 2005, McGraw 2006, Seacord 2006, Voas 1997, and Viega 2001]. Charles B. Weinstock
Multiepoch Radial Velocity Observations of L Dwarfs

We report on the development of a technique for precise radial velocity measurements of cool stars and brown dwarfs in the near infrared. Our technique is analogous to the iodine (I2) absorption cell method that has proven so successful in the optical regime. We rely on telluric CH4 absorption features to serve as a wavelength reference, relative to which we measure Doppler shifts of the CO and H2O features in the spectra of our targets. We apply this technique to high-resolution (R ≈ 50,000) spectra near 2.3 μm of nine L dwarfs taken with the Phoenix instrument on Gemini South and demonstrate a typical precision of 300 m s-1. We conduct simulations to estimate our expected precision and show that our performance is currently limited by the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of our data. We present estimates of the rotational velocities and systemic velocities of our targets. With our current data we are sensitive to companions with M sin i > 2 MJ in orbits with periods less than 3 days. We identify no companions in our current data set. Future observations with improved S/N should result in radial velocity precision of 100 m s-1 for L dwarfs.