Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical Behavior and Consistency of Support Vector Machines, Boosting, and Beyond

The support vector machine (SVM) has played an important role in bringing certain themes to the fore in computationally oriented statistics. However, it is important to place the SVM in context as but one member of a class of closely related algorithms for nonlinear classification. As we discuss, several of the “open problems” identified by the authors have in fact been the subject of a significant literature, a literature that may have been missed because it has been aimed not only at the SVM but at a broader family of algorithms. Keeping the broader class of algorithms in mind also helps to make clear that the SVM involves certain specific algorithmic choices, some of which have favorable consequences and others of which have unfavorable consequences—both in theory and in practice. The broader context helps to clarify the ties of the SVM to the surrounding statistical literature. We have at least two broader contexts in mind for the SVM. The first is the family of “large-margin” classification algorithms—a class that includes boosting and logistic regression. All of these algorithms involve the minimization of a convex contrast or loss function that upper bounds the 0–1 loss function. The SVM makes a specific choice of convex loss function—the so-called hinge loss. Hinge loss has some potentially desirable properties (e.g., sparseness) and some potentially undesirable properties (e.g., lack of calibration to posterior probabilities). As we discuss, much of the theoretical analysis of the SVM is best carried out by focusing on convexity and abstracting away from the details of specific loss functions. Second, as the authors note, the SVM is an instance of the broader family of statistical procedures based on
Randomized Controlled Trials in Plastic Surgery: A 20-Year Review of Reporting Standards, Methodologic Quality, and Impact

Background: Randomized controlled trials in plastic surgery have not been analyzed comprehensively. We analyzed plastic surgical randomized controlled trials with respect to reporting standards, methodologic quality, and impact on the specialty. Methods: Randomized controlled trials published from 1986 to 2006 in three major plastic surgery journals were scored for quality and impact using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials checklist, the Jadad criteria, citation numbers, and other parameters. The associations between the quality scores and multiple independent parameters, including trial impact, were explored. The relative impact of randomized controlled trials in plastic surgery was compared with that in other specialties. Results: A total of 163 randomized controlled trials were evaluated. The average Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and Jadad scores were 49 percent and 2.3, respectively. There were deficiencies in the reporting of parameters that influence bias and statistical significance. Randomized controlled trials with high impact or high methodologic quality had higher reporting scores. However, the quality and impact scores did not correlate with the number of participants, subject category, country of origin, or year or journal of publication. Nonsurgical trials had significantly higher quality and impact than surgical trials. Randomized controlled trials in plastic surgery had relatively lower impact as compared with randomized controlled trials in other specialties. Conclusions: The reporting and methodologic standards of randomized controlled trials in plastic surgery need improvement. Standards could be improved if well-accepted reporting and methodologic criteria are considered when designing and evaluating randomized controlled trials. Instituting higher standards may improve the impact of randomized controlled trials and make them more influential in plastic surgery.
TCPTP attenuates STAT 3 and insulin signaling in the liver to regulate gluconeogenesis

This is an uncopyedited electronic version of an article accepted for publication in Diabetes. The American Diabetes Association, publisher of Diabetes, is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it by third parties. The definitive publisher-authenticated version will be available in a future issue of Diabetes in print and online at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals. org. Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online May 18, 2010
Passion or Justice? the Interpretation of Be Yôm Nāqām in Proverbs Vi 34

Les termes beyom nāqām dans Proverbes 6,34 sont interpretes a l'aide d'une etude de la terminologie de nāqām dans l'AT. Par l'etude du contexte l'A. presente et developpe son interpretation: le terme n'exprime pas une vengeance passionnee, mais un aspect de legalite le jour de la decouverte, de la condamnation et de la punition publique du crime
Synthesis, degradation, and subcellular localization of proteins encoded by the primary response genes TIS7/PC4 and TIS21/PC3

Murine TIS7 and TIS21 cDNAs were cloned from phorbol ester‐induced Swiss 3T3 cells. The cognate rat cDNAs. PC4 and PC3, were cloned from nerve growth factor (NGF)‐treated PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. The TIS7/PC4 and TIS21/PC3 primary response genes are rapidly and transiently induced in response to serum, phorbol esters, and polypeptide growth factors in quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells and by NGF and other ligands in PC12 cells. In both 3T3 and PC12 cells the appearance of the TIS21/PC3 message precedes that of TIS7/PC4 message following ligand stimulation, suggesting that the TIS21/PC3 protein is likely to be synthesized more rapidly than the TIS7/PC4 protein. Using antisera prepared against recombinant TIS21 and TIS7 proteins, we find that the TIS21/PC3 protein is, indeed, synthesized more rapidly than the TIS7/PC4 protein following stimulation in both 3T3 and PC12 cells. In addition, “pulse‐chase” experiments demonstrate that the TIS21/PC3 protein is degraded much more rapidly than the TIS7/PC4 protein. The sequences of the predicted PC3 and PC4 proteins have lead to the speculation that these two proteins may both be secreted from cells following stimulation. The PC4 protein is reported to have some sequence similarity to interferons. The TIS21/PC3 protein contains a presumptive leader sequence. Using our antisera to the recombinant proteins, however, we cannot detect secretion of radiolabelled TIS7/PC4 or TIS21/PC3 protein. Immunohistochemical and subcellular fractionation experiments suggest that the TIS7 protein is a membrane associated, non‐nuclear intracellular protein. The TIS21 protein, in contrast, is' a non‐nuclear, soluble intracellular protein. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PCR-based molecular characterization and insilico analysis of food-borne trematode parasites Paragonimus westermani, Fasciolopsis buski and Fasciola gigantica from Northeast India using ITS2 rDNA

Food-borne fluke infections/trematodiases are emerging as a major public health problem worldwide with over 40 million people affected and over 10% of world population at risk of infection. The major concentration of these infections is in Southeast Asian and Western Pacific Regions, where the epidemiological factors (including the prevalent socio-cultural food habits) are conducive for transmission of these infections. The preponderance of these infections is usually in food deficit poor communities that lack access to proper sanitary infrastructure. While targeting health for all, especially the poor rural tribal communities, it is imperative to take these infections into account. Bayesian analysis phylogeny of food-borne trematode parasites under study showed that they are closely related phylogenetic groups. To focus the control strategies at the target populations, the aim of the present study was to establish molecular methods for accurate discrimination between common food-borne trematodes parasites Paragonimus (lung fluke), Fasciolopsis (giant intestinal fluke) and Fasciola (liver fluke), the infections of which commonly prevail in NE India. In the first step, we amplified and sequenced the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region of ribosomal DNA, utilizing nucleotide differences between the multiple sequence alignments of the parasites under study. Based upon the differences in nucleotide sequences of conserved regions, we designed species-specific primers that can unequivocally discriminate one species from another. ITS2 sequence motifs allowed an accurate in-silico distinction of the trematodes. The data indicate that ITS2 motifs (≤ 50 bp in size) can be considered promising tool for trematode species identification. Using molecular morphometrics that is based on ITS2 secondary structure homologies, phylogenetic relationships with various isolates of several trematode species have been discussed. The present results suggest that the ITS2 specific primers can be used for epidemiological investigations of the prevalence of trematodiasis.
Evidence for eastward mantle flow beneath the Caribbean plate from neotectonic modeling

We have applied a thin‐shell modeling technique to study the neotectonics of the Caribbean plate. Kinematic conditions computed assuming rotation poles and velocities from NUVEL‐1A and from recent geodetic studies have been applied at the lateral boundaries of the model to represent the motion of the adjacent plates with respect to the Caribbean. We have generated a large number of models varying the values of the fault friction coefficient and shear traction on the base of the plate exerted by mantle flow. The quality of the models has been evaluated by comparing their predictions with data on seismic strain rate, stress direction, geodetic baseline changes, and slip rates. Our results indicate that the only successful models are those with low values of fault friction coefficient and significant basal shear traction exerted by eastward mantle flow beneath the Caribbean.
Immunization against experimental murine salmonellosis with liposome-associated O-antigen

Partially delipidated Salmonella typhimurium (O-1,4,5,12) lipopolysaccharide was incorporated into small multilamellar liposomes composed of either naturally occurring or synthetic phospholipids. Vaccination of mice with the liposome-lipopolysaccharide complexes induced a cellular response specific for O-1,4,5,12 determinants, as determined by the development of a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. The liposome-lipopolysaccharide vaccines were significantly more effective, compared with other nonviable vaccines tested, in protecting mice against a lethal intravenous challenge infection with virulent S. typhimurium. Protection afforded by the liposome-lipopolysaccharide vaccines was comparable to that conferred by a live S. typhimurium vaccine. Results suggest that liposome-induced modulation of the host immune response in favor of cell-mediated immunity may be more efficacious in preventing diseases in which cell-mediated immunity is of prime importance.
Current Concepts Review: Hallux Valgus Part II: Operative Treatment

Outcome Studies for Hallux Valgus Results of most hallux valgus corrective procedures typically focus on the physicians’ perceptions rather than the patients’ perceptions of outcome.113 Thordarson et al.113 noted that patients’ perceptions of outcome generally are reduced to satisfied, satisfied with reservations, or dissatisfied. Although the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) rating system aims to standardize outcomes data collection,55 it remains a physician-driven tool. Furthermore, its validity has been questioned in the evaluation of the hindfoot,118 a shortcoming that may also manifest in the forefoot.9 This is not a shortcoming isolated to the AOFAS rating system. In a recent meta-analysis of outcomes scales in foot and ankle surgery, Button and Pinney12 concluded that none of the 49 rating scales identified proved to be reliable, valid, or responsive in patients with foot and ankle conditions. The effort by a team of AOFAS members to create such an outcomes tool suggests that the AOFAS clinical rating system lacks adequate assessment of quality of life measures.114 Recently, SooHoo et al.110 demonstrated increased responsiveness of foot and ankle specific outcomes tools compared to the SF-36. However, the level of responsiveness for the bodily pain subscale and the physical component summary approached that of the AOFAS outcomes
Genomic rearrangements associated with antigenic variation in Campylobacter coli

Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni share a limited number of highly conserved DNA sequences with members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. One of these sequences was cloned from C. coli VC167, and the region of homology to the enteric sequences was determined to be confined to a 700-base-pair region. The DNA represented in this clone undergoes a programmed, reversible rearrangement in VC167 that is associated with flagellar antigenic variation.
Estudo do escoamento imiscível água/óleo mediante experimentação em célula de Hele-Shaw e simulação CFD

O estudo de sistemas agua-oleo e de fundamental importância para diversos processos industriais. Procedimentos como a recuperacao secundaria de petroleo e o bombeamento de oleos de viscosidade elevada, mediante a injecao conjunta de agua, exemplificam situacoes na industria petrolifera em que o comportamento da interface agua-oleo traz importantes consequencias para a eficiencia da producao. Tambem nos casos de vazamentos a partir de dutos submersos, e na contaminacao de aguas subterrâneas pela proximidade de uma fase oleo, os aspectos fenomenologicos desse sistema imiscivel devem ser conhecidos a fim de que medidas adequadas de remediacao e quantificacao dos danos ambientais possam ser postos em pratica. O fato de o petroleo ser, de um modo geral, mais viscoso e menos denso que a agua faz com que, no escoamento simultâneo desses dois fluidos, a agua apresente a tendencia de se deslocar com maior velocidade em relacao ao oleo. Como consequencia, dependendo das diferencas de viscosidades e densidades entre os dois fluidos, alem das forcas de tensao interfacial, pode vir a ocorrer o fenomeno de digitacao viscosa. Assim, no deslocamento de oleo por injecao de agua, fingers gerados a partir da fase agua podem penetrar na fase oleo, ocasionando um retardamento no deslocamento do oleo com saida antecipada da agua, o que representa um prejuizo para a operacao. Uma ferramenta de simulacao fluidodinâmica, apta a descrever corretamente os fenomenos e padroes de escoamento de um sistema aguaoleo, sob diferentes condicoes operacionais, pode se constituir em notavel instrumento para aprofundar conhecimentos da fenomenologia envolvida e, tambem, gerar elementos de inovacao tecnologica para as diferentes aplicacoes Neste trabalho, explora-se o comportamento de um sistema agua-oleo atraves de um modelo tridimensional de uma celula de Hele-Shaw. Esse modelo reproduz uma celula real carregada com agua e oleo com dimensoes de 100 cm de comprimento por 30 cm de largura, com espacamento tipico entre as placas de 0,10 cm. Uma serie de ensaios computacionais foram realizados para validar o modelo, alem dos criterios usuais de estabilidade numerica e fechamento de balancos. O modelo computacional da celula de Hele-Shaw, possibilitou a observacao do comportamento da interface. As propriedades dos fluidos (densidade, viscosidade e tensao superficial) e fenomenos fisicos (temperatura, capilaridade, forca gravitacional e velocidade de injecao do fluido) influenciaram diretamente na resposta do sistema. Atraves de simulacoes computacionais foi possivel estudar individualmente a importância e efeito que cada fator exerce sobre o sistema, desde as propriedades dos fluidos ate as condicoes de contorno aplicadas, foi possivel tambem, identificar o grau de atuacao das forcas interfaciais, gravitacional e do arraste viscoso, levando ao surgimento do fenomeno de digitacao viscosa. Comprovou-se que o aumento das forcas capilares costuma levar a um aumento da instabilidade, com consequente aumento no numero de fingers desenvolvidos, aumentando a area de…
Remission of post-transplant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with angiotensin receptor blockers

Recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is common after kidney transplantation. Plasmapheresis (PP) is considered to be the most effective treatment; however, results are variable and relapse is common after stopping plasmapheresis. Here, we report an unusual case of recurrent FSGS, who achieved complete remission with angiotensin receptor blocker therapy.
Estimation and variable selection via frailty models with penalized likelihood

The penalized likelihood methodology has been consistently demonstrated to be an attractive shrinkage and selection method. It does not only automatically and consistently select the important variables but also produces estimators that are as efficient as the oracle estimator. In this paper, we apply this approach to a general likelihood function for data organized in clusters, which corresponds to a class of frailty models, which includes the Cox model and the Gamma frailty model as special cases. Our aim was to provide practitioners in the medical or reliability field with options other than the Gamma frailty model, which has been extensively studied because of its mathematical convenience. We illustrate the penalized likelihood methodology for frailty models through simulations and real data. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring created seasonal pools for functional success: A six-year case study of amphibian responses, Sears Island, Maine, USA

Assessing the success of created seasonal pools as mitigation for the loss of wooded wetlands is generally based on two or three years of monitoring. We monitored a wetland mitigation site in midcoast Maine, USA, from 1999 to 2004 to track populations of wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) and spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) in three created seasonal pools. Our goal was to study breeding patterns for six years to assess if presence of breeding animals in the first three years corresponded with long-term reproductive success and to track changes in vegetation development and hydrology in the mitigated pools. Breeding effort (egg masses/female) and reproductive success (juveniles/egg mass) were assessed using full enclosure drift fence/pitfall trap arrays and egg mass counts. Breeding effort was similar in all three pools for both species. However, for wood frogs, reproductive success was inversely related to hydroperiod and highest in the single pool that successfully replicated the desired seasonal water regime. The other two pools developed permanent and semi-permanent hydroperiods, thereby supporting populations of green frogs (Rana clamitans). Green frog tadpoles within these pools preyed upon wood frog eggs and embryos, causing almost complete losses in the last four years of the study. While spotted salamander reproductive success was also reduced in the permanent pool, spotted salamanders were more successful at producing metamorphs in the presence of green frogs. Over the study period, common cattail (Typha latifolia) dominated the pools, and although wetland vegetation did develop, it was not typical of forested seasonal pools. Our work shows that the presence of breeding amphibians characteristic of seasonal pools in the first three years is not sufficient to determine reproductive success of target species in created pools. Hydrology and canopy cover are elements of critical concern if created pools are to support native amphibian communities associated with seasonal pools.
The Effect of Chelating Agent on the Separation of Some Metal Ions from Binary Mixture Solution by Cation-Exchange Resin

The need to clean-up heavy metal contaminated environment cannot be over emphasized. This paper has been studied the distribution coefficients of Ce(IV), Al(III), Fe(III), Bi(III), Ca(II), Ba(II) and Pb(II) on cation exchange resin Purolite C100 in the presence of some chelating agent at 25°C. Sodium nitrate, citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were tested as eluants. The relative efficiency of the eluants has been discussed in terms of their elution constants. A rapid ion-exchange method was proposed for the separation of lead cations. The method has depended on the selective complexing of metal ions by a chelating agent as achieved by control of pH. Several binary separations of metal ions have been achieved on the basis of their kd values (Nature and Science . 2010; 8(10): 16-25). (ISSN: 1545-0740).
Cell motility mediated by rho and rho‐associated protein kinase plays a critical role in intrahepatic metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma

Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can invade the portal vein and metastasizes to other parts of the liver even at a relatively early stage of the disease, with less tumor spread occurring outside the liver. This intrahepatic metastasis is the main cause of liver failure and death in HCC patients. To analyze the mechanisms of intrahepatic metastasis we have constructed metastatic models using orthotopic implantation of human HCC cell lines. Five HCC cell lines formed liver tumors after injection into the livers of SCID mice, and of those 5 cell lines, Li7 and KYN‐2 cells also resulted in vascular tumor thrombi and intrahepatic metastasis. These 2 cell lines had markedly higher cell motilities than the other 3 cell linesin vitro. Their motilities appeared to be Rho‐mediated; serum and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) evoked actin reorganization and motility of Li7 cells, and C3 exoenzyme exposure reduced the motility of both serum‐stimulated Li7 cells and KYN‐2 cells. Dominant negative and active forms of p160 Rho‐associated coiled‐coil forming protein kinase (p160ROCK), one of the downstream effectors of Rho, were separately and stably introduced into Li7 cells. Dominant active p160ROCK transfectants showed increased motility that was independent of serum and LPA, and dominant negative p160ROCK transfectants showed reduced motility under stimulation. Furthermore, implantation of dominant negative p160ROCK transfectants resulted in a reduced metastatic ratein vivo compared with the parent cells or a control transfectant. These findings indicate that cell motility mediated by the Rho/p160ROCK signaling pathway plays a critical role in intrahepatic metastasis of human HCC.
Traffic models for wireless communication networks

The authors introduce a deterministic fluid model and two stochastic traffic models for wireless networks. The setting is a highway with multiple entrances and exits. Vehicles are classified as calling or non-calling, depending on whether they have calls in progress. The deterministic model ignores the behavior of individual vehicles and treats them as a continuous fluid, whereas the stochastic traffic models consider the random behavior of each vehicle. However, all three model's use the same two coupled partial (or ordinary) differential equations to describe the system evolution. The call density and call handoff rate (or their expected values in the stochastic models) are readily computable by solving these equations. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate how the models can be used to investigate various aspects of time and space dynamics in wireless networks. These examples also show that the models can serve as useful tools for system engineering and planning. <<ETX>>