Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines by Multicomponent 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition

Pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives were synthesized by one-pot three-component reactions starting from isoquinoline, 2-bromoacetophenones and different non-symmetrical acetylenic dipolarophiles using 1,2-epoxypropane as solvent. The structure of the compounds was assigned by IR and NMR spectroscopy.
The History, Present Distribution, and Abundance of Sandalwood on Oahu, Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiian Plant Studies 14

TODAY IT IS a common belief of the residents of the Hawaiian Islands that the sandalwood tree was exterminated during the sandalwood trade in the early part of the . nineteenth century and that it is now extinct on the islands. To correct this impression, the following notes are presented. There is a popular as well as a scientific interest in the sandalwood tree or iliahi of the Hawaiians, the fragrant wood of which was the first important article of commerce exported from the Hawaiian Islands. For centuries the sandalwood, with its pleasantly fragrant dried heartwood, was much sought for. In the Orient, particularly in China, Burma, and India, the wood was used for the making of idols and sacred utensils for shrines, choice boxes and carvings, fuel for funeral pyres, and joss sticks to be burnt in temples. The distilled oil was used in numerous medicines, perfumes, and cosmetics, and as a body rub. The thick oil pressed from the seed was used as illuminating oil. Though long believed to be native to India, the "white sandalwood," Santalum
Stochastic Geometry Analysis of Ultra Dense Network and TRSC Green Communication Strategy

In recent years, with the rapid development of wireless communication, the traditional cellular with isomorphic and regular structure has been unable to meet the increasing number of users and business needs involving data of big volume. The trend is evolving into Ultra Dense Network (UDN) architecture which is covered by cellular of irregular complex structure. In UDN, the spatial distribution of the base station plays an important role in the interference and performance evaluation of the whole cellular network, and the concept of green communication has also been put on agenda. In this paper, stochastic geometry theory is used to model UDN and to analyze the key performance of interference and wireless network. Moreover, a green communication strategy called TRSC is proposed, which is aimed at save energy and reduce the signal interference among cells to some extent.
IS Success Model for Evaluating Cloud Computing for Small Business Benefit: A Quantitative Study

vii LIST OF TABLES xiv LIST OF FIGURES xvi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Small Business IS Challenge 5 Scope and Limitations of Study 6 Importance of the Study 7 Conceptual Model 11 Theoretical Perspective 11 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 14 Cloud Computing Fundamentals 14 Cloud Computing Marketplace 16 Small Business Marketplace 20 Cloud-Centric Model for Small Businesses 22 x Theoretical Integration and Hypotheses Development 26 Theoretical Framework 26 IS Success Theory 27 Extending IS Success Model to Cloud Computing 34 Literature Review on Key Constructs 40 Dependent Variable 40 Cloud Computing Net Benefit 40 Independent Variables 41 System Quality 41 Mediating Variables 48 Service Quality 48 Organizational Satisfaction 54 Use 55 Moderating Variable: Cost 56 Hypothesis Development 58 System Quality as Related to Service Quality 58 System Quality as Related to Organizational Satisfaction 59 System Quality as Related to Use 60 Service Quality as Related to Organizational Satisfaction 61 Service Quality as Related to Use 62
Altered Expression of Small‐Conductance Ca2+‐Activated K+ (SK3) Channels Modulates Arterial Tone and Blood Pressure

&NA; The endothelium is a critical regulator of vascular tone, and dysfunction of the endothelium contributes to numerous cardiovascular pathologies. Recent studies suggest that apamin‐sensitive, small‐conductance, Ca2+‐activated K+ channels may play an important role in active endothelium‐dependent vasodilations, and expression of these channels may be altered in disease states characterized by vascular dysfunction. Here, we used a transgenic mouse (SK3T/T) in which SK3 expression levels can be manipulated with dietary doxycycline (DOX) to test the hypothesis that the level of expression of the SK subunit, SK3, in endothelial cells alters arterial function and blood pressure. SK3 protein was elevated in small mesenteric arteries from SK3T/T mice compared with wild‐type mice and was greatly suppressed by dietary DOX. SK3 was detected in the endothelium and not in the smooth muscle by immunohisto chemistry. In whole‐cell patch‐clamp experiments, SK currents in endothelial cells from SK3T/T mice were almost completely suppressed by dietary DOX. In intact arteries, SK3 channels contributed to sustained hyperpolarization of the endothelial membrane potential, which was communicated to the arterial smooth muscle. Pressure‐ and phenylephrine‐induced constrictions of SK3T/T arteries were substantially enhanced by treatment with apamin, suppression of SK3 expression with DOX, or removal of the endothelium. In addition, suppression of SK3 expression caused a pronounced and reversible elevation of blood pressure. These results indicate that endothelial SK3 channels exert a profound, tonic, hyperpolarizing influence in resistance arteries and suggest that the level of SK3 channel expression in endothelial cells is a fundamental determinant of vascular tone and blood pressure. (Circ Res. 2003;93:124‐131.)
Dose to water versus dose to medium in proton beam therapy

Dose in radiation therapy is traditionally reported as the water-equivalent dose, or dose to water. Monte Carlo dose calculations report dose to medium and thus a methodology is needed to convert dose to medium into dose to water (or vice versa) for comparison of Monte Carlo results with results from planning systems. This paper describes the development of a formalism to convert dose to medium into dose to water for proton fields when simulating the dose with Monte Carlo techniques. The conversion is based on relative stopping power but also considers energy transferred via nuclear interactions. The influence of different interaction mechanisms of proton beams (electromagnetic versus nuclear) is demonstrated. Further, an approximate method for converting doses retroactively is presented. Based on the outlined formalism, five proton therapy patients with a total of 33 fields were analyzed. Dose distributions, dose volume histograms and absolute doses to assess the clinical significance of differences between dose to medium and dose to water are presented. We found that the difference between the two dose reporting definitions can be up to 10% for high CT numbers if analyzing the mean dose to the target. The difference is clinically insignificant for soft tissues. For the structures analyzed, the mean dose to water could be converted to dose to medium by applying a correction factor increasing linearly with increasing average CT number in the volume. We determined that an approximate conversion method, done retroactively with an energy-independent stopping power ratio and without considering nuclear interaction events separately (as compared to on-the-fly conversion during simulation), is sufficiently accurate to compute mean doses. It is insufficient, however, when analyzing the beam range. For proton beams stopping in bony anatomy, the predicted beam range can differ by 2–3 mm when comparing dose to tissue and dose to water.
Resource allocation for communications and power transfer under a practical RF energy harvesting model

Energy harvesting (EH) has been an emerging topic in the recent years. This technology promises to increase the energy efficiency and extend the working time of energy-constrained wireless networks as well as free the devices from wires and batteries. Wireless power transfer (WPT) refers to transmission of electrical power from a source to another device wirelessly. Among different approaches, WPT via radio frequency (RF) is a viable method to implement. On the other hand, RF signal has been widely used for transmitting information, namely wireless information transfer (WIT). Recently, the idea of using RF signals to carry information as well as energy at the same time, i.e., simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has emerged. In the area of SWIPT research, it has been typically assumed that energy conversion efficiency is independent from the level of the input power at the energy receiver. On the other end, in practice the energy conversion efficiency exhibits a non-linear behaviour and depends on the input power. This leads to a disperancy between the SWIPT designs made and practical EH circuits. This thesis addresses this issue. We propose a practical quadratic model for the power conversion efficiency using curve fitting tools. Comparisons with the conventional linear models as well as another non-linear model proposed in the literature are made using meansquare based metrics. Using the proposed model, the problem of resource allocation for a multi-user Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system is investigated. In particular, the problem of allocating the power optimally among different sub-channels assigned to information and energy users is considered. Analytic solutions for some illustrative scenarios are provided. Numerical results are presented for the general case. Our investigations show that compared to using the traditional simple linear efficiency model, the proposed model provides more realistic harvested energy estimates at the energy receivers with minimal energy waste at the transmitter.
The implementation of a comprehensive discharge bundle to improve the discharge process: a quasi-experimental study.

BACKGROUND Hospitalised patients are especially vulnerable in times of transitions in care. Structured discharge planning might improve patient outcomes. We implemented and assessed the effect of a multidisciplinary discharge bundle to reduce 30-day readmission. METHODS A pre-post-test design study with a follow-up of one month at four internal medicine wards in a Dutch university teaching hospital. Eligible patients were 18 years and older, acutely admitted and hospitalised for at least 48 hours. The discharge bundle consisted of (1) planning the date of discharge within 48 hours after admission, (2) a discharge checklist, (3) a personalised patient discharge letter, and (4) multidisciplinary patient education. The primary outcome measure was unplanned 30-day readmission. RESULTS Participants in the post-test group (n = 204) did not have a lower rate of unplanned hospital readmission than those receiving usual care (n = 224) (12.9 vs. 13.2%, p = 0.93). The medical discharge summaries were sent to the general practitioner faster in the post-test period (median of 14 days pre-test vs. 5 days post-test, p < 0.001) and this group also had a trend towards a longer time to first readmission (14 vs. 10 days, p = 0.06). Patient satisfaction was high in both groups (7.5 and 7.4 points, (p = 0.49)). CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive discharge bundle was not effective in reducing the rate of readmission and increasing patient satisfaction, but medical discharge summaries were sent faster to the general practitioner and a trend to a longer time to readmission was present.
Abl Kinases Regulate Actin Comet Tail Elongation via an N-WASP-Dependent Pathway

ABSTRACT Microbial pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to modulate the host cell cytoskeleton to achieve a productive infection and have proven instrumental for unraveling the molecular machinery that regulates actin polymerization. Here we uncover a mechanism for Shigella flexneri-induced actin comet tail elongation that links Abl family kinases to N-WASP-dependent actin polymerization. We show that the Abl kinases are required for Shigella actin comet tail formation, maximal intracellular motility, and cell-to-cell spread. Abl phosphorylates N-WASP, a host cell protein required for actin comet tail formation, and mutation of the Abl phosphorylation sites on N-WASP impairs comet tail elongation. Furthermore, we show that defective comet tail formation in cells lacking Abl kinases is rescued by activated forms of N-WASP. These data demonstrate for the first time that the Abl kinases play a role in the intracellular motility and intercellular dissemination of Shigella and uncover a new role for Abl kinases in the regulation of pathogen motility.
Macroprudential Policies, the Long-Term Interest Rate and the Exchange Rate

The Bernanke-Blinder closed economy model suggests that macroprudential policies aimed at bank lending will affect the domestic long-term interest rate. In an open economy, domestic shocks to long-term rates are likely to influence capital flows and the exchange rate. Currency movements feed back into domestic credit through several channels, which will be influenced by balance sheet positions and not only by income flows. Macroprudential policies aimed at domestic credit and at foreign currency borrowing may be the best option open to small countries facing very low global interest rates and risky domestic credit expansion.
Wind tunnel evaluation-based optimization for improvement of flow control by plasma actuator using kriging model-based genetic algorithm

A Kriging-based genetic algorithm (GA) called efficient global optimization (EGO) was employed to optimize the parameters for the operating conditions of a plasma actuator (PA). The aerodynamic performance was evaluated by wind tunnel testing to overcome the disadvantages of time-consuming numerical simulations. The developed optimization system explores the optimum waveform of parameters for AC voltage by changing the waveform automatically. The proposed system was used on the drag minimization problem around a semicircular cylinder to design the power supply for a PA. Based on the results, the optimum design and global design information were obtained while drastically reducing the number of experiments required compared to a full factorial experiment.
Monetization Strategies for Internet Companies

Many Internet service companies such as providers of two-sided markets, social networks, or online games rely on the social interaction between their user base and thus capitalize from positive network effects. For such companies, a common strategy is to offer (basic) services for free (and thereby abolish entry barrier of a one-off or recurring price) and to charge their users for premium services. Companies such as eBay, PayPal, LinkedIn, or Skype added paid services to their originally free business models, either via subscriptions, PAYG, or direct sales of virtual items. Their strategy how to make money and whom to bill however differs widely. In the Internet business, ‘monetization’ has become a frequently used buzzword for all aspects of a company’s revenue strategy which includes the decision who should be billed (e.g., for a two-sided market: seller vs. buyer vs. advertisers only), with which price model (e.g., mandatory subscription vs. optional subscriptions vs. selling virtual currency or items) and price level (e.g., differentiated between user groups), and – in case of a freemium strategy – how a new (free) user can be converted most efficiently into a paying and remunerative customer (e.g., via effective CRM measures). The overarching objective of all monetization measures is to maximize the company’s revenue and/or profit. The field of monetization offers a wide field of research opportunities. Four of these are covered in this dissertation: The Name-your-own-price model, users’ spending behavior in virtual communities, the monetization of network effects in social networks, and the legal boundaries of social network usage. As a result, this dissertation solves a series of questions currently being worked on by practitioners and uses a wide range of methods from various disciplines such as economic, psychological, and game theory.
CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS ON STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP, CORPORATE CULTURE, GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND COMPANY PERFORMANCE

This study aims to conduct a representative indicator study as a basis in forming variables of Strategic Leadership, Corporate Culture, Good Corporate Governance and Company Performance in Camara Comercio Industria Timor-Leste (CCI-TL). This study involves the manager and owner of the CCI-TL as an object of research. The results showed that through CFA approach, measurement model of strategic leadership, corporate culture, good corporate governance and company performance is a fit model. It can be seen from the small chi-square value. Indicators on strategic leadership, corporate culture, good corporate governance and company performance is convergently and discriminantly valid and reliable. Ability to communicate indicator gives the largest contribution to strategic leadership and clarity indicator gives the largest contribution to Corporate Culture. While for Good Corporate Governance and company performance, the indicator level of independence and financial aspect indicator (CP1) gives the biggest contribution respectively.
Outlier Detection for Pedestrian Movement

Fast development of tracking devices has made trajectory outlier detection(TOD) possible and meaningful. Given a set of trajectories T, a TOD algorithm outputs a subset of T, of which trajectories are different from mostof the other trajectories in some aspect(s). These trajectories, namely outliers, can indicate important or interesting information and are thus worthnoticing. TOD techniques can be used for surveillance security, accidentdiscovery, and many other purposes. Many of the existing TOD algorithms consider only spatial trajectoryoutliers. They can detect trajectories that follow an abnormal route ordirection. While some existing algorithms are capable of detecting outliersin temporal aspects, like trajectories with abnormal time duration or speed,they have their own weaknesses. For example, they can be computationallyexpensive, or fail to detect important types of outliers. In this work, we aimto overcome these shortcomings of previous TOD algorithms. A novel grid-based TOD algorithm is proposed that is capable of detectingtemporal-spatial outliers including density, direction, duration, and speedoutliers with accuracy as well as fast calculation. The algorithm performsthe following three main steps: (i) it calculates density, direction, duration,and speed features of all trajectories in the input set T; (ii) it transformsfeature information of trajectories into grid information; (iii) it examineseach trajectory grid cell by grid cell. Following these three steps, outlyingtrajectories are extracted. By conducting experiments on several data setsincluding both simulated and real ones, the algorithm is shown to be efficientin detecting density, direction, duration, and speed outliers. It outperformsstate-of-the-art TOD algorithms in various aspects.
Internet traffic classification using Hidden Naive Bayes model

Internet traffic classification plays an important role for network management. In fact, operators need to better predict future traffic behavior to identify anomalous situations. We present here an approach for traffic classification using Hidden Naive Bayes model and a supervised discretization scheme. This approach can achieve an appropriate performance on a range of application types with accessing only the information that remains unchanged after encryption. At first, we use a supervised method based on idea behind Holte's 1R algorithm for discretization of continuous features derived from packet headers. Then, in order to assign flows to their respective classes, we utilize Hidden Naive Bayes (HNB) model. Finally, we test our scheme using a subset of two data sets and compare it to Tree-Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN) algorithm. Various performance measures namely Accuracy (Auc) and Trust are used for quantitative analysis of our results. Experimental results reveal that our proposed modeling approach based on HNB not only achieves a higher performance in terms of both measures in comparison to TAN algorithm but also learns very well even with a small number of training flows.
Management of Femoral Shaft Fractures in the Adolescent

Forty-four patients (45 fractures) with open physes (age range 11–16 years) underwent treatment for femoral shaft fractures. Seven malunions occurred in the 24 fractures in the nonoperative group; none occurred in the 21 fractures treated by intramedullary nailing. Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the operatively treated patients. There was no premature growth arrest in the surgical group.
Charge-conserved analog-to-time converter for a large-scale CMOS biosensor array

In a large-scale time-domain sensor array, propagation of the pulse voltage causes considerable pulse distortion due to a large bitline capacitance. This work demonstrates a time-domain potentiometric biosensor array with a newly-proposed 4T sensor cell and pulse processing circuit functioning as a charge-conserved analog-to-time converter (CCATC) that converts from input analog voltage to a pulse current. By employing the pulse current with the fixed bitline voltage, short-pulse detection with high energy efficiency becomes possible. Simulation results for 600-nm CMOS technology demonstrate the detection of a 10-ns pulse, even with a large bitline capacitance of over 10 pF.
Hepatointestinal complications in polycystic kidney disease

Background The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of major hepatointestinal complications in patients with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Methods We analyzed the Taiwan National Health Insurance claims data (2000–2010) of 6031 patients with PKD and 23,976 non-PKD hospitalized controls. The control cohort was propensity score matched with the PKD cohort at a 1:4 ratio. All patients were followed up from the index date to the first inpatient diagnosis of hepatointestinal complications, death, or 31 December, 2011. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to identify the risk of outcome after adjustment for potential confounders. Results The incidence rates of acute pancreatitis, cholangitis, peptic ulcer bleeding, and cirrhosis were 5.72, 4.01, 19.9, and 5.46 per 1000 person-years, respectively, in the PKD cohort. Compared with the non-PKD controls, patients with PKD exhibited an increased risk of hospitalization for acute pancreatitis, cholangitis, peptic ulcer bleeding, and cirrhosis (adjusted subhazard ratio [aSHR]: 2.36, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.95–2.84]; 2.36, [95% CI, 1.95–2.84]; 2.41, [95% CI, 1.93–3.01]; 2.41, [95% CI, 2.17–2.67]; and 1.39, [95% CI, 1.16–1.66], respectively; all p < 0.001). PKD, chronic kidney disease, and alcoholism were independent predictors of all these hepatointestinal complications. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed an increased overall mortality in patients with PKD who developed acute pancreatitis and peptic ulcer bleeding (log-rank p < 0.05). Conclusion PKD is associated with clinically significant extrarenal complications including acute pancreatitis, cholangitis, peptic ulcer bleeding, and cirrhosis.