Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dimensions of Students' Behavior Disorders: An Alternative to Medical Model Classification Practices

Traditional medical oriented classification schemes have been criticized for their limited reliability and validity. The major deficiency of these approaches is their failure to produce treatment-relevant information. This paper discusses an alternative approach to classifying students' behavior disorders. The approach considers the topography of deviant behaviors, the degree of exceptionality, the nature of deviance, and events influencing the deviance. The proposed approach is discussed in the context of developing and monitoring education/treatment programs.
Auditory analgesia: somatosensory evoked response and subjective pain rating.

Subjective rating responses and averaged evoked responses (AERs) to shock stimuli of varying intensity were recorded in 20 subjects to examine the possible analgesic effects of sound stimulation (music) and suggested analgesia. Subjects (10 men, 10 women, ages 19–31) were divided into two groups of 10, each receiving the sound-suggestion condition and the no-sound, no-suggestion condition in different order. Sound and suggestion produced the following significant (p<.05) effects: 1) increased electrical stimulus levels required to elicit discomfort ratings; 2) decreased slope of somatosensory AER amplitudes plotted against stimulus intensity; and 3) decreased mean AER amplitudes. These AER effects were greatest in time bands centered on the P100 component. Prior exposure to the electrical stimuli also reduced AER slopes and mean amplitudes, but mostly in time bands centered on the P200 component.
Who’s teaching, who’s learning? Analyzing the professional growth of graduate student tutors

This qualitative study examined the professional growth of literacy teachers as they scaffolded students’ one‐to‐one literacy learning within a university reading clinic tutoring experience. These teachers – graduate students within a reading education program – documented both their own learning and that of their students through various venues. These included the data sources considered for this study: teaching videotapes, email correspondence with the university instructor, online discussions with colleagues, and final reflective essays. Findings suggested that substantive learning by these literacy teachers influenced not only their tutees but also their own professional growth, impacting their classroom practice and the wider educational community. Implications of such teacher learning within educational settings employing high‐stakes testing and accountability were considered.
Multipoint relaying for flooding broadcast messages in mobile wireless networks

We discuss the mechanism of multipoint relays (MPRs) to efficiently flood broadcast messages in mobile wireless networks. Multipoint relaying is a technique to reduce the number of redundant re-transmissions while diffusing a broadcast message in the network. We discuss the principle and the functioning of MPRs, and propose a heuristic to select these MPRs in a mobile wireless environment. We also analyze the complexity of this heuristic and prove that the computation of a multipoint relay set with minimal size is NP-complete. Finally, we present some simulation results to show the efficiency of multipoint relays.
Alcohol, Drugs and Gambling in the Ontario Adult Population, 1994

Objective: To demonstrate the link between gambling, alcohol and drug problems among Ontario adults and to present information on the relationship between expenditures on gambling and type of gambling with gambling problems. Method: Using data collected in a 1994 telephone survey of 2,016 randomly chosen Ontario adults, gambling problems are related to the CAGE scale of alcohol problems and the ICD-10 measure of alcohol dependence, as well as smoking, other drug use, and demographic variables. Descriptive tables based on crosstabulations and means are provided, as well as a series of 9 logistic regression models. Results: The most significant predictor of gambling problems was the amount spent on gambling in the preceding 30 days, with alcohol dependence on the ICD-10 scale and age also important predictors. Lottery players, compared to other gamblers, are more likely to be male, relatively less affluent, older on average, more likely to report alcohol problems (but not dependence) and be currently smoking. Conclusions: The results make clear that heavy drinking and drinking problems are associated with higher levels of spending on gambling and reports of gambling problems. This leads to the suggestion that treatment programs for those with gambling, alcohol or other drug problems should assess that possiblity of comorbidity, since the presence of more than one of these problems can significantly affect the success of treatment and contribute to relapse.
Oral Nutritional Supplements and Heart Disease: A Review

The use of nutritional supplements in the treatment of cardiovascular disease is rapidly growing in the United States. Many substances are marketed with anecdotal claims of efficacy. Most have not been scientifically studied. Excitement exists in the lay press about the homocysteine hypothesis of coronary artery disease and vitamin cures. A MEDLINE search and review of papers covering the study of popular nutritional supplements were undertaken. The papers were limited to peer-review journals using patient series reports, double-blinded prospective studies, and population studies. A compendium of the available data was obtained and an analysis of each paper's methodology was done. A review of the most popular and most studied oral nutritional supplements for the treatment of heart disease demonstrated relatively few well-founded indications for the widespread application of substances with the exception of the bioflavonoids. Some modest effects for endothelial dysfunction were noted for vitamins C and E. Red wines and beers were also noted to be beneficial. The majority of substances either had no effect or were deleterious.
Generation of Optical Reference Signals Robust to Diffractive Effects

In grating measurement systems, a reference signal is needed to achieve an absolute measurement of the position. The zero reference signals are normally obtained illuminating two identical superimposed zero reference codes (ZRCs) and registering the transmitted light by means of a photodiode. As one ZRC moves with respect to the other, the two codes overlap and the signal registered is the autocorrelation of the ZRC transmittance. In high resolution systems, the diffraction effects degrade the geometrical shadow of the first ZRC as it propagates to the second one. As a result, the autocorrelation is also degraded and the amplitude of the reference signal is greatly reduced. In this letter, we present a method for designing ZRCs with minimum diffractive effects. The method is based on the optimization of ZRCs by means of a genetic algorithm.
Drug-resistant HIV infection among drug-naive patients in Israel.

BACKGROUND In Israel, <0.06% of the general population is infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with a much higher prevalence among specific groups. These groups are distinguished demographically by risk behavior category and by virus subtype. We investigated transmission of drug resistance within groups to assess the impact of these factors. METHODS Plasma samples from >15% of all patients with new diagnoses of HIV infection were randomly collected between June 1999 and June 2003. Sequences from 176 drug-naive patients included 20 of subtype A, 20 of subtype AE, 2 of subtype AC, 29 of subtype B, 100 of subtype C, and 5 of subtype F. RESULTS Major drug resistance mutations (protease: L90M; reverse transcriptase: M41L, K103N, V106M, M184V, Y181S, G190A, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219R) were detected in 1 subject with A subtype, 3 with subtype B, and 9 with subtype C. In addition, 1 subject with A subtypes, 2 with subtype B, and 10 with subtype C had secondary mutations (protease: M46I; reverse transcriptase: A98G, K101Q, and V108I). Only 1 patient had mutations associated with >1 class of drugs. Among subjects who contracted HIV infection in Israel, 16 of 56 (1 of 7 with subtypes A or AE, 4 of 17 with subtype B, and 11 of 32 with subtype C; P=.7-1.0) carried resistant virus--a significantly higher proportion (P<.001) than in subjects infected in other countries (10 of 120 infected). CONCLUSIONS Drug-resistant virus was detected in 14.8% of patients with new diagnoses of HIV infection but in 28.6% of patients known to have been infected in Israel. The implications include a need for pretreatment resistance testing and for better programs aimed at prevention of transmission, directed particularly at patients. We did not find significant differences in transmission of resistant virus between those infected with subtypes B and C, despite the different demographic background. A conclusive analysis and interpretation should await a more extensive study.
A comparison of sexually explicit illustrations for use in psychosexual therapy

This quantitative study aimed to establish patients' preferred illustrations for educative use in psychosexual therapy by comparing their responses to photographs and line drawings both depicting sexual activity. A sample of 68 subjects, divided almost equally between the sexes and between the age groups 18-40 and 41-65, attending a sexual difficulties clinic at the Porterbrook Clinic, Sheffield were recruited. Nearly all subjects felt comfortable with both types of illustration and thought that they were helpful. Roughly 70% of subjects favoured photographs over line drawing as being the most informative and useful, and most appealing. However, preference was reversed when subjects were asked which illustrations were most acceptable for keeping at home, with 52% preferring line drawings. There were no significant differences between the age groups in their preference choices, in contrast to previous studies which have shown older subjects less accepting of sexually explicit material than younger people.
Spectroscopy, Imaging, and Modeling of Individual Gold Decahedra

Gold nanodecahedra (pentagonal bipyramids) exhibit striking optical properties spanning the visible and near-IR spectral regions, which together with a high electric-field enhancement at their tips, makes them very promising materials for sensing-related applications. The effective design of biosensors based on these nanocrystals requires a detailed investigation and understanding of their surface plasmon resonances. For that purpose, we have used correlated electron microscopy imaging and optical dark-field spectroscopy on individual decahedra to investigate their size and orientation-dependent optical properties at the single particle level. We have also investigated the effects of tip truncation and local refractive index changes on single particle plasmon resonances. The experimental results are supported by theoretical modeling based on a fully 3D, boundary element method (BEM-3D).
Two Young MicroRNAs Originating from Target Duplication Mediate Nitrogen Starvation Adaptation via Regulation of Glucosinolate Synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana1[W]

Two recently evolved microRNAs enhance plant nitrogen starvation adaptation via regulation of glucosinolate synthesis. Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth and development. A number of genes respond to nitrogen starvation conditions. However, the functions of most of these nitrogen starvation-responsive genes are unclear. Our recent survey suggested that many microRNAs (miRNAs) are responsive to nitrogen starvation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we identified a new miRNA (miR5090) from the complementary transcript of the MIR826 gene. Further investigation uncovered that both miRNA genes recently evolved from the inverse duplication of their common target gene, ALKENYL HYDROXALKYL PRODUCING2 (AOP2). Similar to miR826, miR5090 is induced by nitrogen starvation. By contrast, the AOP2 transcript level was negatively correlated with miR826 and miR5090 under nitrogen starvation. GUS-fused AOP2 expression suggested that AOP2 was posttranscriptionally suppressed by miR826 and miR5090. miRNA transgenic plants with significantly low AOP2 expression accumulated fewer Met-derived glucosinolates, phenocopying the aop2 mutants. Most glucosinolate synthesis-associated genes were repressed under nitrogen starvation conditions. Furthermore, miRNA transgenic plants with less glucosinolate displayed enhanced tolerance to nitrogen starvation, including high biomass, more lateral roots, increased chlorophyll, and decreased anthocyanin. Meanwhile, nitrogen starvation-responsive genes were up-regulated in transgenic plants, implying improved nitrogen uptake activity. Our study reveals a mechanism by which Arabidopsis thaliana regulates the synthesis of glucosinolates to adapt to environmental changes in nitrogen availability.
Attenuation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Activity by Increased cAMP in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes*

Incubating 3T3-L1 adipocytes with forskolin, which increases intracellular cAMP by activating adenylate cyclase, mimicked rapamycin by attenuating the effect of insulin on stimulating the phosphorylation of four (S/T)P sites in PHAS-I, a downstream target of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. To investigate the hypothesis that increasing cAMP inhibits mTOR, the protein kinase activity of mTOR was measured in an immune complex assay with recombinant PHAS-I as substrate. Both forskolin and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3′-5′-monophosphate (CPT-cAMP) prevented the activation of mTOR by insulin in adipocytes, but neither agent affected mTOR activity when added directly to the immunopurified protein. In contrast, the cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, theophylline, inhibited mTOR activity not only when added to intact adipocytes but also when added to immunopurified mTOR in vitro, demonstrating that certain methylxanthines are able to inhibit mTOR independently of increasing cAMP. Forskolin and CPT-cAMP blocked the effect of insulin on increasing mTOR phosphorylation, which was assessed using mTAb1, an antibody whose binding is inhibited by phosphorylation of mTOR. Although the mTAb1 epitope contains a consensus site for protein kinase B, neither agent inhibited the activation of protein kinase B produced by insulin. These findings support the interpretation that increasing cAMP attenuates the effects of insulin on PHAS-I, p70S6K, and other downstream targets of the mTOR signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation and activation of mTOR.
Acceleration insensitive encapsulated silicon microresonator

This paper presents the acceleration sensitivity and the resulting vibration-induced phase noise of an electrostatically coupled encapsulated silicon microresonator. External vibrations can produce phase noise in microresonators by generating time-varying stress in the resonant beams. A spring mounted resonator design that reduces the induced axial stress is presented here. Measurements and simulations show that the acceleration sensitivity and the vibration-induced phase noise of this device can be reduced 1000 times smaller than that of the previously published silicon microresonator and 10 times smaller than the commercially used high end SC (stress compensated)-cut quartz resonator.
Magnobovatol inhibits smooth muscle cell migration by suppressing PDGF-Rβ phosphorylation and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression

The migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and post-angioplasty restenosis. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB is a potent mitogen for VSMCs and plays an important role in the intimal accumulation of VSMCs. Magnobovatol, a new neolignan from the fruits of Magnolia obovata, has been shown to have anticancer properties. However, the effects of magnobovatol on VSMCs are unknown. In the present study, we examined the effects of magnobovatol on the PDGF-BB-induced migration of mouse and human VSMCs, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Magnobovatol significantly inhibited the PDGF-BB-induced migration of mouse and human VSMCs without inducing cell death (as shown by MTT assay and wound healing assay). Additionally, we demonstrated that magnobovatol significantly blocked the PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of the PDGF receptor (PDGF-R), Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 by inhibiting the activation of the PDGF-BB signaling pathway. Moreover, in both mouse and human VSMCs, magnobovatol inhibited PDGF-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression at the mRNA and protein level, as well as the proteolytic activity of MMP-2 (as shown by western blot analysis, RT-PCR, gelatin zymography and ELISA). In addition, the sprout outgrowth formation of aortic rings induced by PDGF-BB was inhibited by magnobovatol (as shown by aortic ring assay). Taken together, our findings indicate that magnobovatol inhibits VSMC migration by decreasing MMP-2 expression through PDGF-R and the ERK1/2 and Akt pathways. Our data may improve the understanding of the anti-atherogenic effects of magnobovatol in VSMCs.
Noise and non-linearity analysis of a charge-injection-cell-based 10-bit 50-MS/s SAR-ADC

This paper presents a detailed noise and non-linearity analysis of a 10-bit 1.2Vppd 50MS/s charge-injection based SAR-ADC designed in a 65 nm low power process. Being more area-efficient in contrast to a conventional capacitor DAC, a charge-injection-cell-based DAC allows to reuse its DAC cells during binary search. Based on extensive calculations and transistorlevel simulations, the charge-injection cell design tradeoffs are analyzed and optimized to maximize the overall ADC linearity and ADC input range. Extensive system level simulations in MATLAB evaluate the jitter sensitivity of the ADC. Combining the transistor-level and system level simulations, a detailed noise study of the 8.86-bit ENOB ADC completes the evaluation.
Another Discipline for the Market Economy: Marketing as a Performative Knowledge and Know-How for Capitalism

How does the market economy work? On the one hand, orthodox economists have long argued that market equilibrium depends on the automatic adjustment of supply and demand; on the other hand, heterodox economists (Williamson, 1985; Arthur, 1989), but also historians (Chandler, 1977; Tedlow, 1990) and sociologists (Prus, 1989) have tried to show that supply and demand are socially constructed (Granovetter and Swedberg, 1992), that managerial practice shapes the contours of the market. Our objective in revisiting this debate is not so much to radicalize the classical opposition between the two camps but, paradoxically, to outline their common ground. Firstly, the arguments of both groups are always rooted in an examination of supply and demand and of their 'natural' or contingent aspect; secondly, their propositions always entail a separation of science (economics) from practice (management) in order to investigate the complex correspondences between the one and the other. Discussing the foundations of this endless dispute seems to be a good way to resolve it. In order to understand the market economy, one can look somewhere else, and ask other questions: does the functioning of markets rely on instances other than supply and demand? does the functioning of markets rest on processes other than those of science (economics) and/or practice (management)? In asking those questions, one discovers that, between economics and
Political Interest, Political Knowledge, and Evaluations of Political News Sources: Their Interplay in Producing Context Effects

In a survey experiment, political interest reports declined when preceded by political knowledge questions. The effect was stronger among women and those of less education, income, and age. The effect was lessened when buffering knowledge from interest items were questions evaluating how well politicians and media keep one informed, where they could serve as excuses for cognitive dissonance. Placed before the knowledge items, however, the evaluations exacerbated rather than alleviated the effect. Findings point both to priming as a general explanation for context effects and to the limitation of priming as an explanation for specific effects.
SIP and MIPv6: Cross-Layer Mobility

Terminal mobility may be handled at different layers. Though the MIPv6 protocol is the strongest candidate for handling mobility in next generation networks, mobility management facilities are also provided by SIP, the most widely deployed and researched protocol for session control. When jointly used, this duplication of functions leads to inefficiencies in session setup signaling, particularly if coupled with end-to-end resource reservation for the media flows. This paper analyses these inefficiencies and proposes an integrated approach that minimizes the session setup delay. The gains of the proposal are demonstrated both by a delay analysis and by simulation results.
Phase and Texture Characterizations of Scar Collagen Second-Harmonic Generation Images Varied with Scar Duration

Abstract This work developed a phase congruency algorithm combined with texture analysis to quantitatively characterize collagen morphology in second-harmonic generation (SHG) images from human scars. The extracted phase and texture parameters of the SHG images quantified collagen directionality, homogeneity, and coarseness in scars and varied with scar duration. Phase parameters showed an increasing tendency of the mean of phase congruency with scar duration, indicating that collagen fibers are better oriented over time. Texture parameters calculated from local difference local binary pattern (LD-LBP) and Haar wavelet transform, demonstrated that the LD-LBP variance decreased and the energy of all subimages increased with scar duration. It implied that collagen has a more regular pattern and becomes coarser with scar duration. In addition, the random forest regression was used to predict scar duration, demonstrating reliable performance of the extracted phase and texture parameters in characterizing collagen morphology in scar SHG images. Results indicate that the extracted parameters using the proposed method can be used as quantitative indicators to monitor scar progression with time and can help understand the mechanism of scar progression.
Localization of Enzymes in Mycoplasma

Pollack, J. D. (University of Connecticut, Storrs), Shmuel Razin, and Robert C. Cleverdon. Localization of enzymes in Mycoplasma. J. Bacteriol. 90:617–622. 1965. —Cells of eight parasitic and two saprophytic Mycoplasma strains were lysed by use of osmotic shock, and the membranes were separated from the soluble fraction by use of differential centrifugation. Cell fractions were tested for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH2) oxidase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH2) oxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase, ribonuclease, and deoxyribonuclease activities. Adenosine triphosphatase was confined to the membrane fraction of all Mycoplasma strains. The NADH2 oxidase activity was associated with the membranes of the saprophytic M. laidlawii and with the soluble fraction of the parasitic Mycoplasma strains. NADPH2 oxidase activity was detected only in the soluble fraction of the parasitic strains. Glusose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was demonstrated only in the soluble fraction of M. laidlawii. Ribonuclease activity was found usually in both membrane and soluble fractions, but was generally higher in the membrane fraction. In the human and bovine Mycoplasma strains, deoxyribonuclease activity could not be demonstrated in the soluble fraction; in the remaining strains, activity was highest in the soluble fraction. Dissolution of M. laidlawii strain B membranes by sodium deoxycholate significantly increased membrane-NADH2 oxidase and adenosine triphosphatase activities.