Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Density profile of hot gas in clusters of galaxies: the effect of cooling

We use high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations to investigate the density profile of hot gas in clusters of galaxies, adopting a variant of cold dark matter cosmologies, and employing a cosmological N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamics code to follow the evolution of dark matter and gas. In addition to gravitational interactions, gas pressure and shock heating, we include bremsstrahlung cooling in the computation. Dynamical time, two-body relaxation time and cooling time in the simulations are examined to demonstrate that the results are free from artificial relaxation effects and that the time step is short enough to accurately follow the evolution of the system. In the simulation with nominal resolution of 66h kpc the computed cluster appears normal, but in a higher (by a factor two) resolution run, cooling is so efficient that the final gas density profile shows a steep rise toward the cluster center, which is not observed in real clusters. Also, the X-ray luminosity of 7× 10erg s far exceeds that for any cluster of the computed temperature. The most reasonable explanation for this discrepancy is that there are still some physical processes which are missing in the simulations and which actually mitigate the cooling effect and play a crucial role in the thermal and dynamical evolution of the gas near the center. Among the promising candidate processes are heat conduction and heat input from supernovae. We discuss the extent to which these processes can alter the evolution of gas. Subject headings: galaxies: clusters: general — intergalactic medium — hydrodynamics — cosmology: miscellaneous — methods: numerical submitted to The Astrophysical Journal Department of Physics, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan RESCEU, School of Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan tatsushi@astro.Princeton. EDU, JSPS Postdoctoral Fellow jpo@astro.Princeton. EDU
Supervised Learning of Topological Maps using Semantic Information Extracted from Range Data

This paper presents an approach to create topological maps from geometric maps obtained with a mobile robot in an indoor-environment using range data. Our approach utilizes AdaBoost, a supervised learning algorithm, to classify each point of the geometric map into semantic classes. We then apply a segmentation procedure based on probabilistic relaxation labeling on the resulting classifications to eliminate errors. The topological graph is then extracted from the individual different regions and their connections. In this way, we obtain a topological map in the form of a graph, in which each node indicates a region in the environment with its corresponding semantic class (e.g., corridor, or room) and the edges indicate the connections between them. Experimental results obtained with data from different real-world environments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach
LEARNING OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN: EVALUATION METHODS IN KINDERGARTEN’S ENVIRONMENT

In this paper we describe how children acquire foreign language. It is well known that the very early age is a most suitable time to start foreign language learning. This is partly because up to the certain age every child learns foreign language as a part of a natural process. For our research we had to study theories of language learning, predominantly nativists’ theory, where Chomsky argues that there is an innate factor, known as Language Acquisition Device, and further development made by Lennenberg, but also empiricists – behaviourists’ theory upholding the element of imitating (Skinner) and cognitivists’ theory that argues that cognition precedes the language development (Bruner, Piaget, Vygotsky, Sapir–Whorf). We are giving an overview of the process and ways of acquiring foreign language we studied the phases of language learning and connections to the brain´s developmental stages. It is established that the most suitable age for starting the learning process should begin at preschool age, when children are mostly intrinsically motivated. For the evaluation of the process we suggested the simple quantitative and qualitative method, suitable for educators and parents and for the scientific purposes there is a micro genetic research method for deeper understanding of the learning process and changes that occur.
Tunable Linear MOS Resistors Using Quasi-Floating-Gate Techniques

A family of tunable MOS resistors based on quasi-floating-gate (QFG) transistors biased in the triode region is analyzed in this paper. From the study results, a new device that outperforms previous implementations, is presented. By means of a capacitive divider, the ac component of the drain-to-source voltage scaled with a factor alpha les 1 is added to the gate-to-source voltage leading to a cancellation of the nonlinear terms. The effect of alpha on resistor linearity is analytically studied. Simulation results are also provided for different technologies. Finally, a complete transconductor has been built which preserves the linearity of the MOS resistor. Three versions of the transconductor have been fabricated for different values of alpha (alpha = 0, 0.5, and 1) in a 0.5 mum CMOS technology with plusmn1.65-V supply voltage. Experimental results show (for alpha = 1 ) a THD of - 57 dB (HD2=-70 dB) at 1 MHz for 2-V peak-to-peak differential input signal with a nominal ac-transconductance of 200 muA/V and a power consumption of 3.2 mW.
Preovulatory Aging In Vivo and In Vitro Affects Maturation Rates, Abundance of Selected Proteins, Histone Methylation Pattern and Spindle Integrity in Murine Oocytes

Delayed ovulation and delayed fertilization can lead to reduced developmental competence of the oocyte. In contrast to the consequences of postovulatory aging of the oocyte, hardly anything is known about the molecular processes occurring during oocyte maturation if ovulation is delayed (preovulatory aging). We investigated several aspects of oocyte maturation in two models of preovulatory aging: an in vitro follicle culture and an in vivo mouse model in which ovulation was postponed using the GnRH antagonist cetrorelix. Both models showed significantly reduced oocyte maturation rates after aging. Furthermore, in vitro preovulatory aging deregulated the protein abundance of the maternal effect genes Smarca4 and Nlrp5, decreased the levels of histone H3K9 trimethylation and caused major deterioration of chromosome alignment and spindle conformation. Protein abundance of YBX2, an important regulator of mRNA stability, storage and recruitment in the oocyte, was not affected by in vitro aging. In contrast, in vivo preovulatory aging led to reduction in Ybx2 transcript and YBX2 protein abundance. Taken together, preovulatory aging seems to affect various processes in the oocyte, which could explain the low maturation rates and the previously described failures in fertilization and embryonic development.
On the computation of fixed points on the product space of unit simplices and an application to noncooperative N-person games

In this paper an algorithm based on the principle of simplicial approximation is introduced to compute fixed points of upper semicontinuous point to set mappings from the product space S of unit simplices into itself. The algorithm is a modification of an algorithm, introduced in an earlier paper. The main feature is that it starts with an arbitrary chosen point in S and that the triangulation of S depends on the starting point. Moreover, the algorithm can terminate with a non-full-dimensional subsimplex, yielding a good approximation. An application is given for non cooperative n person games, where S is the strategy space. Some computational experiences are given. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
The effect of parity on the proportion of important healthy fatty acids in raw milk of Holstein cows

The objective of this study was to determine and evaluate the effect of parity on the fatty acids groups’ proportion in Holstein cows’ milk during the first phase of lactations, with an emphasis on its potential importance for consumer health. A total of 25 Holstein cows, 9 primiparous, 9 in the 2nd, and 7 in the 3rd and subsequent parity, were observed and sampled at 7-day intervals through the first 17 weeks of lactation. The percentage proportion of saturated (hypercholesterolemic and volatile as its components) and unsaturated (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated as its components) fatty acids in the samples of milk fat (n=425) was determined. The effects of parity and negative energy balance, as well as regression, on the lactation week and the fat to protein ratio were evaluated using SAS 9.3. A significantly (P<0.01) lower proportion of unhealthy hypercholesterolemic fatty acids was detected in primiparous cows (-2.67 %) and those in the 3rd and subsequent lactation (-2.94 %) compared to the 2nd lactation, as well as a simultaneously higher proportion of healthy unsaturated fatty acids (+2.07, respectively +3.08 %). The determined relationships corresponded to organism stress evoked by the initiation of milk production and its maintenance in higher parities. Therefore, the generally required prolongation of dairy cows’ longevity can influence on the quality of raw milk, especially considering composition of fatty acids.
Issues in the use of adaptive clinical trial designs

Sequential sampling plans are often used in the monitoring of clinical trials in order to address the ethical and efficiency issues inherent in human testing of a new treatment or preventive agent for disease. Group sequential stopping rules are perhaps the most commonly used approaches, but in recent years, a number of authors have proposed adaptive methods of choosing a stopping rule. In general, such adaptive approaches come at a price of inefficiency (almost always) and clouding of the scientific question (sometimes). In this paper, I review the degree of adaptation possible within the largely prespecified group sequential stopping rules, and discuss the operating characteristics that can be characterized fully prior to collection of the data. I then discuss the greater flexibility possible when using several of the adaptive approaches receiving the greatest attention in the statistical literature and conclude with a discussion of the scientific and statistical issues raised by their use. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new method using moments correlation for action change detection in videos

Automated characterization of human actions plays an important role in video indexing and retrieval for many applications. Action change detection is considered among the most necessary element to ensure a good video description. However, it is quite challenging to achieve detection without prior knowledge or training. Usually humans are practicing different actions in the same video and their silhouettes give significant information for characterizing human poses in each video frame. We have developed an approach based on pose descriptors of these silhouettes, cross correlations matrices and Kullback-Leibler distance to detect action changes. In this paper, we will focus firstly on the specific problem of change detection in videos. After that, the proposed approach for action change detection will be detailed and tested on Weizman dataset. Finally, experimental results has been analyzed and showed the good performance of our approach.
High PSR Low Drop-Out Regulator With Feed-Forward Ripple Cancellation Technique

A low drop-out (LDO) regulator with a feed-forward ripple cancellation (FFRC) technique is proposed in this paper. The FFRC-LDO achieves a high power-supply rejection (PSR) over a wide frequency range. Complete analysis and design steps of the FFRC-LDO are presented in this paper. Kelvin connection is also used to increase the gain-bandwidth of the LDO allowing for faster transient performance. The LDO is implemented in 0.13 ¿m CMOS technology and achieves a PSR better than - 56 dB up to 10 MHz for load currents up to 25 mA. Load regulation of 1.2 mV for a 25 mA step is measured, and the whole LDO consumes a quiescent current of 50 ¿A with a bandgap reference circuit included. To our knowledge, this is the first LDO that achieves such a high PSR up to 10 MHz.
UQBT: Adaptive Binary Translation at Low Cost

Developments in the semiconductor industry have made possible smaller and faster processors for general-purpose computing, portable devices, multipurpose appliances, and system-on-chip designs. Binary translation offers a quick, inexpensive way to migrate software from one processor to another. Although binary-translation techniques are still in their infancy compared to their compiler counterparts, engineers have been using them for 15 years. Just as engineers build compilers partly on the basis of specifications, the authors are developing the University of Queensland Binary Translator (UQBT) on the basis of machine specifications and properties of machines and operating systems. This static binary-translation framework supports various processors, including complex-instruction-set computers (CISC), reduced-instruction-set computers (RISC), and stack-based machines. The authors describe the UQBT framework and discuss their observations while using it to instantiate six different translators across Sun Sparc, Intel Pentium, and Java virtual-machine architectures.
Realtime Audio to Score Alignment for Polyphonic Music Instruments, using Sparse Non-Negative Constraints and Hierarchical HMMS

We present a new method for realtime alignment of audio to score for polyphonic music signals. In this paper, we will be focusing mostly on the multiple-pitch observation algorithm proposed based on realtime non-negative matrix factorization with sparseness constraints and hierarchical hidden Markov models for sequential modeling using particle filtering for decoding. The proposed algorithm has the advantage of having an explicit instrument model for pitch obtained through unsupervised learning as well as access to single note contribution probabilities which construct a complex chord instead of modeling the chord as one event
An improved pseudoinverse solution for redundant hydraulic manipulators

The paper deals with the kinematic redundancy control of a 3DOF linear hydraulic manipulator moving in the vertical plane. The analysis is carried out in actuator coordinates so as to make the results usable in control schemes with actuator position feedback. The idea is to use the initial manipulator configuration as an optimization parameter in order to: (I) further minimize the actuator velocities obtained by a pseudoinverse solution, (II) simultaneously avoid actuator limits without recourse to a gradient projection approach. An improved pseudoinverse redundancy solution is thus obtained and implemented in a simple, non-iterative algorithm suitable for real-time applications. Simulations of a typical task with the proposed method show that minimizing the actuator velocity norm yields better results than minimizing the manipulator kinetic energy.
The Clinical Significance of Right Coronary Artery Stenosis on the Prognosis of Patients with Unprotected Left Main Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background: Although coronary artery bypass grafting remains the standard treatment for unprotected left main (LM) coronary artery disease, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the use of stent has become an alternative treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the real-world results of patients with LM disease treated with PCI and compare the impact of significant right coronary artery (RCA) disease on the short-term and long-term outcomes of these patients. Methods and Results: A total of 164 patients were included, with 95 patients (57.9%) with significant RCA stenosis and 69(42.1%) patients without, and were followed tip over a mean period of 2.5 years. EuroSCORE≥6 was noted in 78 patients (47.6%). Within the 30-day period after index procedure, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were observed in 16 (9.9%) patients, including 15 (9.3%) deaths, and 1 non-fatal myocardial infarction (0.6%). Three patients suffered from probable sub-acute stent thrombosis (1.8%). In the stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis, female gender, left ventricular ejection fraction ＜40% and RCA disease were identified as the significant independent predictors of 30-day deaths and MACE. As for the long-term outcomes, the mean follow-up period was 2.5 years (range 1 month to 9.7 years, median 23.4 months). There were 38 deaths (23.6%), and 57 MACE (35.4%). The survival of LM patients with RCA disease remained worse than that of those without (p＜0.01), and concomitant RCA disease remained significant prognostic predictor after being adjusted by other variables. Conclusion: In this real-world practice in a single center, we found that unprotected LM stenting in patients with concomitant significant stenosis of RCA may be associated with worse early and long-term outcomes compared with those without RCA disease.
The normalization of occurrence and Co‐occurrence matrices in bibliometrics using Cosine similarities and Ochiai coefficients

We prove that Ochiai similarity of the co‐occurrence matrix is equal to cosine similarity in the underlying occurrence matrix. Neither the cosine nor the Pearson correlation should be used for the normalization of co‐occurrence matrices because the similarity is then normalized twice, and therefore overestimated; the Ochiai coefficient can be used instead. Results are shown using a small matrix (5 cases, 4 variables) for didactic reasons, and also Ahlgren et al.'s (2003) co‐occurrence matrix of 24 authors in library and information sciences. The overestimation is shown numerically and will be illustrated using multidimensional scaling and cluster dendograms. If the occurrence matrix is not available (such as in internet research or author cocitation analysis) using Ochiai for the normalization is preferable to using the cosine.
Role for Sumoylation in Systemic Inflammation and Immune Homeostasis in Drosophila Larvae

To counter systemic risk of infection by parasitic wasps, Drosophila larvae activate humoral immunity in the fat body and mount a robust cellular response resulting in encapsulation of the wasp egg. Innate immune reactions are tightly regulated and are resolved within hours. To understand the mechanisms underlying activation and resolution of the egg encapsulation response and examine if failure of the latter develops into systemic inflammatory disease, we correlated parasitic wasp-induced changes in the Drosophila larva with systemic chronic conditions in sumoylation-deficient mutants. We have previously reported that loss of either Cactus, the Drosophila (IκB) protein or Ubc9, the SUMO-conjugating enzyme, leads to constitutive activation of the humoral and cellular pathways, hematopoietic overproliferation and tumorogenesis. Here we report that parasite infection simultaneously activates NF-κB-dependent transcription of Spätzle processing enzyme (SPE) and cactus. Endogenous Spätzle protein (the Toll ligand) is expressed in immune cells and excessive SPE or Spätzle is pro-inflammatory. Consistent with this function, loss of Spz suppresses Ubc9− defects. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory roles of SPE and Spätzle, Cactus and Ubc9 exert an anti-inflammatory effect. We show that Ubc9 maintains steady state levels of Cactus protein. In a series of immuno-genetic experiments, we demonstrate the existence of a robust bidirectional interaction between blood cells and the fat body and propose that wasp infection activates Toll signaling in both compartments via extracellular activation of Spätzle. Within each organ, the IκB/Ubc9-dependent inhibitory feedback resolves immune signaling and restores homeostasis. The loss of this feedback leads to chronic inflammation. Our studies not only provide an integrated framework for understanding the molecular basis of the evolutionary arms race between insect hosts and their parasites, but also offer insights into developing novel strategies for medical and agricultural pest control.
Detecting Hidden Terminal Problems in Densely Deployed Wireless Networks

ireless local area networks (WLANs) have allowed us to deploy seamless and high capacity wireless systems easily and inexpensively. However, recently, channel interference between different services has become a serious problem because access points (APs) of WLANs are located too densely. In the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance used in WLANs, the hidden terminal (HT) problems occur depending on the distance between stations and the carrier sensing range. In the higher dense deployment mentioned above, the HT problems occur complicatedly. In this paper, we propose an AP cooperation system that detects the HT problems between stations (STAs). In our system, APs obtain the information of connected STAs from received frames and the HT problems are identified from the integration of the information obtained at different APs. The effectiveness is verified by simulations.
Identification of Novel Mechanisms in the Hypothalamus Linked to Adiposity.

Title of Document: IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL MECHANISMS IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS LINKED TO ADIPOSITY. Mardi S. Byerly, Ph.D., 2007 Directed By: Professor Tom E. Porter, Department of Animal and Avian Science Body composition is a trait regulated by many different genes, giving rise to the severity of the phenotype in a continuous manner. We propose to investigate genetic interactions regulating obesity by focusing on genetic heretibility and genes that interact with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) or thyroid hormone. We have utilized a novel model of obesity, genetically selected chicken lines, because differences in abdominal fat between the lines are based on genotype alone, independent of environmental influences. In order to identify novel gene networks that might give rise to the obese phenotype, hypothalamic gene expression was characterized using microarray technology. Hypothalamic neuronal cell cultures and in vivo manipulations were performed to verify that BDNF interacts with the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, while simultaneously identifying novel genes that may interact together or independently of BDNF. A hypothetical model suggesting how BDNF and thyroid hormone reciprocally modulate genes in the hypothalamus already known to contribute to energy regulation was developed. IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL MECHANISMS IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS LINKED TO ADIPOSITY.
Distributed generation and its influence on voltage changes in low voltage grids and transformer loading

The installed power in distributed generation sources is growing and we record recently more of domestic consumers equipped with the small sources, that operates in low voltage grids. The conception of power supply process is changing from the central production to the decentralization of electricity production. Despite the advantages of distributed generation, the utilities in energy sector have to face also the technical problems that are coming with it. The power system was build to produce the energy in central power plants, to transfer and to distribute it thru long distances to the consumption places in low or medium voltage grids. Radial connection of 22kV power grids, transformers without the remote control of tape changes, harmonics, etc. are the technical barriers for distributed generation. Each source has to meet the technical condition for connection of source to the grid, that are usually set by the relevant distribution system operator. One of the most important condition is the requirement for steady state voltage change. This paper is focused on the analysis of the distribution generation according to the voltage changes in steady state operation and the transformer loading.