Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing at 21 and My Perspective on the Field of B to B Marketing

ABSTRACT Purpose: The author shares his thoughts on the progression of the Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing and the field of business-to-business (B to B) marketing over the last 21 years. The author discusses the field of B to B marketing research and examines the gaps that exist between theory and practice and in the quality of papers among the top-tier marketing journals and the three journals that are dedicated to B to B marketing research. Methodology[#x0002F]approach: Because the article represents both the author[#x02019]s perspective on the current state of B to B research and his views on how well the Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing has contributed to and influenced the field, the approach taken is primarily conceptual. Also, the approach allowed the author to opine as to the future direction of the field. Findings: Although much progress has been made in improving the quality and relevance of B to B research, there still exists a relative gap in the number of submitted papers, the quality of these papers, and the impact, with some exceptions, that B to B scholars have on marketing theory and practice. Much of the gap can be attributed to the lack of adequate doctoral training. The gap is more a relative comparison to those who would follow a business-to-consumer (B to C) research path. Research implications: Doctoral training for those interested in B to B marketing need to explore other fields of study (e.g., political science, sociology) as well as to be better equipped in more rigorous methods by which to examine the phenomenon that they select to study. The quality of the research in the domain referred to as B to B marketing has improved over the years. The belief that it is more difficult to conduct B to B research than it might be in the B to C world is no longer an excuse for a poorly conceived and executed study. The journal gives a voice to those who wish to study and conduct research in B to B marketing. Practical implications: The implications for practice are immediate and would result in an increase in the dialogue between academics and practicing managers. Given the importance of B to B marketing to the world[#x02019]s economy, B to B scholars ought to pursue problems that are relevant to the world of practice. Originality[#x0002F]value[#x0002F]contribution: In light of the fact that this is the 21st anniversary of the journal, I was asked by Editor-in-Chief David Lichtenthal to present my opinions as to the state of both the journal and the state of the field. I believe that the article builds on the work of others and hopefully sets a direction for future B to B scholars.
Gender Discrimination Among Taiwanese Top Executives

Gender discrimination in labor markets has been an important issue in labor economics. The main propose of this paper is to empirically study the ‘glass ceiling effects’, and investigate whether female workers are in deed being discriminated against, particularly during the promotion process, at the top management positions in Taiwan. This paper uses data from 4,485 large firms in Taiwan to study whether there are gender preferences when the chairperson of a company chooses a chief executive officer (CEO). The data shows that there are few female top executives (about 6%). In addition, a chairperson tends to team with same sex CEOs, and it is especially noticeable among female chairpersons in the data. Besides, the empirical results from our random matching model further confirm that gender is neither irrelevant nor neutral when a chairperson names a CEO.
An exponential power allocation of one-side interference channel with relay

This paper investigates the one-side interference channel with relay under the exponential power allocation. Usually, the transmitted power linear scaling with the maximum power is used. In this paper, an exponential power allocation is proposed, in which, the transmitted power of each node is presented by an exponential function of the maximum transmitted power with a coefficient. With the exponential power allocation scheme, the rate region based on the one-side interference channel with relay is derived. In the high signal-to-noise ratio, the multiplexing gain of the one-side interference channel with relay can be expressed as a function of the exponential power allocation coefficients. The simulation results shows that the sum rate of the channel can be approximate to a linear function of the coefficient α1 under specific conditions. And in the high signal-to-noise ratio, the multiplexing gain also depends on the exponential power allocation coefficients. These results can further present the characteristics of the one-side interference channel with relay.
Bridging the gap between THz and microwave photonics through optoelectronic generation of interleaved combs Invited paper

Optoelectronic down-conversion and phase locking of mm-wave and THz optical beatnotes using interleaved combs is presented. The generation of the required combs using either nonlinear modulation or four-wave-mixing in highly nonlinear fibers is detailed. These down conversion techniques are then implemented to phase-lock widely tunable mm-wave beatnotes well below the laser linewidth itself. Such achievements are made possible through a thorough trade-off between laser characteristics, optoelectronic arrangement, and electronic-feedback design. These advanced techniques give a new trend for bridging the gap between microwave and THz photonics.
Partial type inference for untyped functional programs

This extended abstract describes a way of inferring as much type information as possible about programs written in an untyped programming language. We present an algorithm that underlines the untypable parts of a program and assigns types to the rest. The algorithm is derived in a very simple manner from the well-known algorithm W of Damas & Milner [Damas and Milner 1982]. Our algorithm provides us with an easy solution to the problem of doing binding time analysis of the untyped higher order lambda calculus, and thereby of the wide range of programming languages based upon the lambda calculus. The techniques can also be used to eliminate superfluous runtime type checking in untyped functional languages, to produce better error messages from type analyzers for strongly typed languages, and to analyze feasibility of arity raising.
A serial dilution protamine sulphate test for detecting fibrin degradation products.

The protamine sulphate test used in this series, detects only fibrin monomers and fibrin degradation products (fdp), i.e. fragments containing the Xo segment of fibrinogen and fibrin breakdown. It is sensitive to low levels of each, but is insensitive to fibrinogen degradation products (FDP).
Volatiles of French Ferns and “fougère” Scent in Perfumery

Six French ferns were investigated for volatile organic compounds (VOC) by GC-MS using organic solvent extraction. Seventy-seven VOC biosynthesized from the shikimic, lipidic and terpenic pathways, including isoprenoid derivatives, were identified from these putative natural resources. Asplenium trichomanes subsp. trichomanes contained mainly polyketides with an oily or waxy odor. (E)-2-Hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenol, responsible for the “green odor”, were found in high contents in Polystichum setiferum, Dryopteris dilatata and Phegopteris connectilis. In the last, 7.4% of coumarin with a cut hay scent was highlighted from the volatile fraction. (E)-3-Hexenoic acid and (E)-2-hexenoic acid, both with herbal and fruity notes, were identified in Gymnocarpium dryopteris and Pteridium aquilinum. 1-Octen-3-ol, well-known for its mushroom-like odor, was abundant in all analyzed French ferns. While the “fougère” fragrance is claimed by the perfumers to be a fantasy scent, coumarin, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol and 1-octen-3-ol are the main odorous components of the perfumes belonging to the fougère accord family. This suggests that the fougère scent from the perfumers’ imagination is a natural fragrance.
Managing the Impact on Biodiversity of Supply Chain Companies

Industrial development has had a major role in creating the situation where bio-diverse materials and services essential for sustaining business are under threat. A key contributory factor to biodiversity decline comes from the cumulative impacts of extended supply chain business operations. In order to contribute to stopping this decline, the industrial world needs to form a better understanding of the way it utilizes the business and biodiversity agenda in its wider operations. This thesis investigates the perceptions and attitudes to biodiversity from government, society and a wide cross-section of industry. The research includes the extent of corporate attention to and use of environmental business tools and guidelines in reporting on biodiversity issues. A case study of three companies from different industrial sectors is undertaken to observe procurement and related environmental management of their supply chains. The use of accredited and non-accredited environmental management systems (EMS) are analysed as frameworks for introducing biodiversity aspects into supply chain management. The outcome is a methodology, which can be used either as a bespoke in-house biodiversity management system or within an accredited ISO 14001 EMS, for incorporating the assessment and management of the potential risks and opportunities involving environmental impacts on biodiversity of supply chain companies.
COENURUS CYST OF THE EYE*

PARASITIZATION of the human eye by the " gid" worm (genus Multiceps) does not appear to have been recorded hitherto. The following two cases are therefore reported. Case Reports Case 1, a male Ankole native of Ugandi, aged 21, attended in January, 1954, complaining that his left eye had been painful for one week. There was ciliary injection, profuse fine precipitates, and a marked aqueous flare. The pupil was small, active, and regular. Atropine was instilled, but when his turn for fundoscopy arrived the patient had disappeared. He was next seen in November, 1954, complaining of headache and pain in the left eye, which was blind except for a small nasal field. Macroscopically a yellow reflex was visible towards the nasal side. The pupil dilated widely with atropine revealing a few slender attenuated posterior synechiae. A large cyst could be seen in the vitreous mostly in the nasal half. Three white patches near its surface were recognized as scolices by a definite though very sluggish motility. The eye was removed 2 weeks later at the patient's request because of pain. Fig. 1 shows the bisected globe hinged at the optic disc
Trigger Strategies and Price Dynamics in Equity and Foreign Exchange Markets

Trigger strategist-s may be defined as act-ors in asset markets who buy or sell when the price reaches a predetermined level ; t-hey include participants in portfolio insurance schemes in equity markets and central banks who intervene to defend an exchange rate target zone. This paper presents an approach to modeling the effects of trigger strategists, with emphasis on how target zones affect market expectations. It is shown that a commitment to defend a target zone will generate stabilizing expectations within the band, which may generate a "target zone honeymoon" . an extended period in which the announcement of a target. zone stabilizes exchange rates without any need for action on the part of authorities. However, an imperfectly credible target zone is vulnerable to crises in which the market tests the authorities' resolve.
Changes in Block Ownership in the London Stock Exchange

We analyze the time-series distribution of large blockholders and managerial ownership in the UK over the last decade. We find a significant decrease in the size of block ownership of a large number of companies. We show that the increase in firm's size and risk and the decrease in performance explain a large proportion of this change. We also find that the dilution of ownership through new issues rather than sales of stakes are the main reasons for the decrease in management ownership and the holdings of pressure-resistant investors, such as fund managers and pension funds. Overall, our results are consistent with the contractual hypothesis as companies appear to consider ownership by different categories as substitute means of resolving agency conflicts.
Nanoparticle-based topical ophthalmic formulations for sustained celecoxib release.

Celecoxib-loaded NPs were prepared from biodegradable polymers such as poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), poly(L-lactide) (PLA), and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) by spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion method. Different concentrations of polymers, emulsifier, and cosurfactants were used for formulation optimization. Nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized regarding their particle size, PDI, zeta potential, shape, morphology, and drug content. Celecoxib-loaded NPs were incorporated into eye drops, in situ gelling system, and gel and characterized regarding their pH, viscosity, uniformity of drug content, in vitro release, and cytotoxicity. The results of optimized celecoxib-loaded PCL-, PLGA-, and PLA-NPs, respectively, are particle size 119 ± 4, 126.67 ± 7.08, and 135.33 ± 4.15 nm; zeta potential -22.43 ± 2.91, -25.46 ± 2.35, and -31.81 ± 2.54 mV; and encapsulation efficiency 93.44 ± 3.6%, 86.00 ± 1.67%, and 79.04 ± 2.6%. TEM analyses revealed that NPs have spherical shapes with dense core and distinct coat. Formulations possessed uniform drug content with pH and viscosity compatible with the eye. Formulations showed sustained release without any burst effect with the Higuchi non-fickian diffusion mechanism. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that all formulations are nontoxic. Our formulations provide a great deal of flexibility to formulation scientist whereby sizes and zeta potentials of our NPs can be tuned to suit the need using scalable and robust methodologies. These formulations can thus serve as a potential drug delivery system for both anterior and posterior eye diseases.
Age‐related decreases in GTP‐cyclohydrolase‐I immunoreactive neurons in the monkey and human substantia nigra

Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GTPCHI) is a critical enzyme in catecholamine function and is rate limiting for the synthesis of the catecholamine co‐factor tetrahydrobiopterin. The present study assessed the distribution of GTPCHI immunoreactivity (‐ir) within the monkey and human ventral midbrain and determined whether its expression is altered as a function of age. Light and confocal microscopic analyses revealed that young monkeys and humans displayed GTPCHI‐ir within melanin‐containing and tyrosine‐hydroxylase‐ir neurons in primate substantia nigra. Stereological counts revealed that there was a 67.4% reduction in GTPCHI‐ir neuronal number, a 63.5% reduction in GTPCHI‐ir neuronal density, and a 37.6% reduction in neuronal volume in aged monkeys relative to young cohorts. Similar age‐related changes were seen in humans, in whom there were significant reductions in the number of GTPCHI‐ir nigral neurons in middle age (58.4%) and aged (81.5%) cases relative to young cohorts. The density of GTPCHI‐ir neurons within the nigra was similarly reduced in middle‐aged (63.0%) and aged (81.8%) cases. In contrast to monkeys, aged humans did not display shrinkage in the volume of GTPCHI‐ir nigral neurons. The presence of numerous melanin‐positive, but GTPCHI‐ir immunonegative, neurons in the aged monkey and human nigra indicates that these decreases represent an age‐related phenotypic downregulation of this enzyme and not a loss of neurons per se. These data indicate that there is a dramatic decrease in GTPCHI‐ir in nonhuman primates and humans as a function of age and that loss of this enzyme may be partly responsible for the age‐related decrease in dopaminergic tone within nigrostriatal systems. J. Comp. Neurol. 426:534–548, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Marketing Across Cultures

Table of contents PART I: THE CULTURAL VARIABLE IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETING 1. The cultural process 2. Cultural dynamics 1: time and space 3. Cultural dynamics 2: interactions, mindsets and behaviours PART II: THE INTEGRATION OF LOCAL CONSUMPTION IN A GLOBAL MARKETING ENVIRONMENT 4. Cross-cultural consumer Behaviour 5. Local consumers and the globalisation of consumption 6. Cross-cultural market research PART III: MARKETING DECISIONS FOR THE INTERCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT 7. Intercultural marketing strategy 8. Product policy 1: physical, service and symbolic attributes 9. Product policy 2: managing meaning 10. The critical role of price in relational exchange 11 . International distribution and sales promotion PART IV: INTERCULUTURAL MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS 12. Language, culture and communication 13. Intercultural marketing communications 1: advertising 14. Intercultural marketing communications 2: personal selling, networking and public relations
Pre- and postexposure protection against virulent anthrax infection in mice by humanized monoclonal antibodies to Bacillus anthracis capsule

One of the two essential virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis is the poly-γ-d-glutamic acid (γDPGA) capsule. Five γDPGA-specific antibody antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) were generated from immunized chimpanzees. The two selected for further study, Fabs 11D and 4C, were both converted into full-length IgG1 and IgG3 mAbs having human IgG1 or IgG3 constant regions. These two mAbs had similar binding affinities, in vitro opsonophagocytic activities, and in vivo efficacies, with the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses reacting similarly. The mAbs bound to γDPGA specifically with estimated binding affinities (Kd) of 35–70 nM and effective affinities (effective Kd) of 0.1–0.3 nM. The LD50 in an opsonophagocytic bactericidal assay was ≈10 ng/mL of 11D or 4C. A single 30-μg dose of either mAb given to BALB/c mice 18 h before challenge conferred about 50% protection against a lethal intratracheal spore challenge by the virulent B. anthracis Ames strain. More importantly, either mAb given 8 h or 20 h after challenge provided significant protection against lethal infection. Thus, these anti-γDPGA mAbs should be useful, alone or in combination with antitoxin mAbs, for achieving a safe and efficacious postexposure therapy for anthrax.
Market Orientation and Family Firms’ Performance of the Batik Industry in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia

The present paper aims to examine the empirical relationships between market orientation (MO) and family firms’ performance and to analyze the effects of moderating variables (market turbulence and competitive intensity) on the relationships between MO and family firms’ performance of the batik industry in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. First, the paper discusses MO and its consequences. Next, the paper reviews the impact of substantive moderator variables such as market turbulence and competitive intensity on the relationships between MO and family firms’ performance. Finally, the paper analyses the empirical relationships between MO-business performance and the impact of substantive moderator variables to the relationships.
Monitoring the Outcomes of Economic Development Programs: A Manual

Outlines performance monitoring system for economic agencies. Helps state and local economic development managers improve their programs in business marketing, business assistance, export promotion, business financing, community economic development, and tourism promotion. Includes questionnaire forms and report formats for each area. Contains recommendations for analysis and preservation of outcome information, rules for different organizational levels, and steps for implementing a performance monitoring system. Developed in cooperation with the states of Maryland and Minnesota.
Demystifying Debt Yields

Like a thief in the night, debt yield ratios (DY) snuck into the offices of commercial mortgage lenders in the U.S. and took over loan sizing methodology. According to C-Loans.com, It is the money center banks and investment banks originating fixed-rate, conduit-style commercial loans that are using the new Debt Yield Ratio. Commercial banks, lending for their own portfolio, and most other commercial lenders have not yet adopted the Debt Yield Ratio. ”1
NET Institute*

This paper uses data from freelancer.com – an online platform that allows employers and freelancers to search for, and match with, each other – to study the effect of freelancers’ country of origin on their likelihood to be hired. Having to rely on a relatively small number of characteristics, employers use the freelancer’s country of origin to infer the expected service’s quality. This setting also allows me to document how employers’ experience in past hires affects their behavior in current hires. I find that freelancers from developing countries are less likely to be hired when they have no individual reputation, and as individual reputation becomes better this country effect disappears. I show that following a good match with a freelancer, employers are more likely to hire freelancers from the good match’s country. These these findings are consistent with statistical – rather than purely taste-based – discrimination.
Normal Distributions Transform Traversability Maps: LIDAR‐Only Approach for Traversability Mapping in Outdoor Environments

Safe and reliable autonomous navigation in unstructured environments remains a challenge for field robots. In particular, operating on vegetated terrain is problematic, because simple purely geometric traversability analysis methods typically classify dense foliage as nontraversable. As traversing through vegetated terrain is often possible and even preferable in some cases (e.g., to avoid executing longer paths), more complex multimodal traversability analysis methods are necessary. In this article, we propose a three‐dimensional (3D) traversability mapping algorithm for outdoor environments, able to classify sparsely vegetated areas as traversable, without compromising accuracy on other terrain types. The proposed normal distributions transform traversability mapping (NDT‐TM) representation exploits 3D LIDAR sensor data to incrementally expand normal distributions transform occupancy (NDT‐OM) maps. In addition to geometrical information, we propose to augment the NDT‐OM representation with statistical data of the permeability and reflectivity of each cell. Using these additional features, we train a support‐vector machine classifier to discriminate between traversable and nondrivable areas of the NDT‐TM maps. We evaluate classifier performance on a set of challenging outdoor environments and note improvements over previous purely geometrical traversability analysis approaches.