Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combining Analysis Results from Multiply Imputed Categorical Data

Multiple imputation (MI) is a methodology for dealing with missing data that has been steadily gaining wide usage in clinical trials. Various methods have been developed and are readily available in SAS PROC MI for multiple imputation of both continuous and categorical variables. MI produces multiple copies of the original dataset, where missing data are filled in with values that differ slightly between imputed datasets. Each of these datasets is then analyzed using a standard statistical method for complete data, and the results from all imputed datasets are combined (pooled) for overall inference using Rubin’s rules which account for the uncertainty associated with imputed values. Rubin’s pooling methodology is very general and is essentially the same no matter what kind of statistic is estimated at the analysis stage for each imputed dataset. However, the combination rules assume that the estimates are asymptotically normally distributed, which may not always be the case. For example, the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) test and the MantelHaenszel (MH) estimate of the common odds ratio are often used in analysis of categorical data, and they produce statistics that are not normally distributed. In this case, normalizing transformations need to be applied to the statistics estimated from each imputed dataset before the Rubin’s combination rules can be applied. In this paper, we show how this can be done for the two aforementioned statistics and explore some operating characteristics of the significance tests based on the applied normalizing transformations. We also show how to obtain combined estimates of binomial proportions and their difference between treatment arms.
Non-redundant sequential association rule mining based on closed sequential patterns

In many applications, e.g., bioinformatics, web access traces, system utilisation logs, etc., the data is naturally in the form of sequences. People have taken great interest in analysing the sequential data and finding the inherent characteristics or relationships within the data. Sequential association rule mining is one of the possible methods used to analyse this data. As conventional sequential association rule mining very often generates a huge number of association rules, of which many are redundant, it is desirable to find a solution to get rid of those unnecessary association rules. Because of the complexity and temporal ordered characteristics of sequential data, current research on sequential association rule mining is limited. Although several sequential association rule prediction models using either sequence constraints or temporal constraints have been proposed, none of them considered the redundancy problem in rule mining. The main contribution of this research is to propose a non-redundant association rule mining method based on closed frequent sequences and minimal sequential generators. We also give a definition for the non-redundant sequential rules, which are sequential rules with minimal antecedents but maximal consequents. A new algorithm called CSGM (closed sequential and generator mining) for generating closed sequences and minimal sequential generators is also introduced. A further experiment has been done to compare the performance of generating non-redundant sequential rules and full sequential rules, meanwhile, performance evaluation of our CSGM and other closed sequential pattern mining or generator mining algorithms has also been conducted. We also use generated non-redundant sequential rules for query expansion in order to improve recommendations for infrequently purchased products.
Transcript Analysis of Heat Shock Protein 72 in Vitrified 2-Cell Mouse Embryos and Subsequent In Vitro Development

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the effects of two different concentrations of cryoprotectants by cryotopvitrification on survival, developmental capacity and Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) expression of two-cell mouse embryos. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, transcript analysis of Hsp72 gene was performed on non-vitrified and vitrified 2-cell mouse embryos via a nested quantitative polymerase chain reaction (nqPCR) subsequent to normalization with Hprt1 as the reference gene. The different cryoprotectant combinations were 15% (vit1:7.5% of each ethylene glycol (EG) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 30% (vit2:15% EG + 15% DMSO) and control group with no cryoprotectants. Vitrified and fresh 2-cell embryos were cultured to obtain cleavage and blastocyst formation rates. The results were analyzed via one-way analysis of variance and the mean values were compared with least significant difference (LSD) (p< 0.05). Results: The relative expression of Hsp72 in vit2 (30% v/v) was significantly higher than vit1 (15% v/v). Survival rates were the same for both vitrification treatments and significantly lower than the control group. Cleavage and blastocyst rates in vit1 were significantly higher than vit2 while those in two vitrified groups were significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion: Our developmental data demonstrated that vit1 treatment (7.5% EG and 7.5% DMSO) was more efficient than vit2 (15% EG and 15% DMSO) in mouse embryos. The cryotopvitrification with two concentrations of cryoprotectants caused the relative changes of Hsp72 transcript level, but the stability of the gene in vit1 was significantly higher than vit2 and closer to the fresh 2-cell embryos.
Larvae and Nests of Six Aculeate Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) Nesting in Reed Galls Induced by Lipara spp. (Diptera: Chloropidae) with a Review of Species Recorded

Wetland species of aculeate Hymenoptera are poorly known, even though many of them may serve as diagnostic or flagship species in nature conservation. Here we examined 6,018 galls induced ≥1 year prior their collection by the chloropid flies Lipara spp. The galls were collected at 34 sites in Central Europe. We examined 1,389 nests (4,513 individuals) of nine species, part of which were parasitized by one dipteran and two chrysidid parasitoid species. We describe the nests of seven dominant species and larvae of four species (Pemphredon fabricii, Trypoxylon deceptorium, Hoplitis leucomelana and Hylaeus pectoralis) and two parasitoids (Trichrysis cyanea and Thyridanthrax fenestratus, both in nests of Pemphredon fabricii and Trypoxylon deceptorium). All the species, but H. pectoralis, preferred robust galls at very thin stalks (induced typically by Lipara lucens) over the narrow galls on thick stalks. The larvae of P. fabricii and T. deceptorium resembled strongly their sibling species (Pemphredon lethifer and Trypoxylon attenuatum sensu lato, respectively). The larvae of T. fenestratus showed features different from those previously described. By hatching set of another 10,583 galls induced by Lipara spp. ≥1 year prior their collection, we obtained 4,469 individuals of 14 nesting hymenopteran species, two cleptoparasites, three chrysidid and one dipteran parasitoid. Of these species, four new nesting species have been recorded for the first time in galls induced by Lipara spp. : Chelostoma campanularum, Heriades rubicola, Pseudoanthidium lituratum and Hylaeus incongruus. We also provide first records of their nest cleptoparasites Stelis breviuscula and Stelis ornatula, and the parasitoid Holopyga fastuosa generosa. Thyridanthrax fenestratus formed strong populations in nests of Pemphredon fabricii and Trypoxylon deceptorium, which are both newly recorded hosts for T. fenestratus. The descriptions provided here allow for the first time to identify the larvae of the most widespread central European aculeate hymenopteran reed gall specialists.
Automatic Deduction for Theories of Algebraic Data Types

In this thesis we present formal logical systems, concerned with reasoning about algebraic data types. The first formal system is based on the quantifier-free calculus (outermost universally quantified). This calculus is comprised of state change rules, and computations are performed by successive applications of these rules. Thereby, our calculus gives rise to an abstract decision procedure. This decision procedure determines if a given formula involving algebraic type members is valid. It is shown that this calculus is sound and complete. We also examine how this system performs practically and give experimental results. Our main contribution, as compared to previous work on this subject, is a new and more efficient decision procedure for checking satisfiability of the universal fragment within the theory of algebraic data types. The second formal system, called Term Builder, is the deductive system based on higher order type theory, which subsumes second order and higher order logics. The main purpose of this calculus is to formulate and prove theorems about algebraic or other arbitrary user-defined types. Term Builder supports proof objects and is both, an interactive theorem prover, and verifier. We describe the built-in deductive capabilities of Term Builder and show its consistency. The logic represented by our prover is intuitionistic. Naturally, it is also incomplete and undecidable, but its expressive power is much higher than that of the first formal system. Among our achievements in building this theorem prover is an elegant and intuitive GUI for building proofs. Also, a new feature from the foundational viewpoint is that, in contrast with other approaches, we have uniqueness-of-types property, which is not modulo beta-conversion.
The Hope for Hydrogen

There has been significant debate on whether hydrogen offers real promise as an alternative fuel strategy. This paper argues that hydrogen must be pursued as part of a long-term strategy, and that hydrogen policy must complement and build on near-term policies aimed at energy efficiency, greenhouse gas reduction, and enhanced renewable energy investments. The hydrogen strategy should be considered largely because of the lack of a more compelling long-term option. Although there are significant challenges to overcome (such as the high cost of fuel cells and the supply of hydrogen), there are several advantages that make hydrogen worth pursuing. First, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles appear to be a superior consumer product desired by the automotive industry. Second, the potential exists for dramatic reductions in the cost of hydrogen production, distribution and use. Third, hydrogen provides the potential for zero tailpipe pollution, near-zero well-to-wheels emissions of greenhouse gases, and the elimination of oil imports. Hydrogen accesses a broad array of energy sources, potentially provides broader and deeper societal benefits than alternatives, potentially provides large private benefits, has no natural political or economic enemies, and has strong industrial support in the automotive industry. In order for hydrogen to succeed, near-term and long-term policies should encourage both public and private investment in hydrogen science and technology efforts.
Polymorphisms of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Pathway Genes and Breast Cancer Risk

Genetic variants of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) pathway genes have been shown to be associated with breast density and IGF1 levels and, therefore, may also influence breast cancer risk via pro-survival signaling cascades. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between IGF1 pathway single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and breast cancer risk among European and East Asian women, and potential interactions with menopausal status and breast tumor subtype. Stratified analyses of 1,037 cases and 1,050 controls from a population-based case–control study were conducted to assess associations with breast cancer for 22 SNPs across 5 IGF1 pathway genes in European and East Asian women. Odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression in additive genetic models. Polytomous logistic regression was used to assess heterogeneity by breast tumor subtype. Two SNPs of the IGF1 gene (rs1019731 and rs12821878) were associated with breast cancer risk among European women. Four highly linked IGF1 SNPs (rs2288378, rs17727841, rs7136446, and rs7956547) were modified by menopausal status among East Asian women only and associated with postmenopausal breast cancers. The association between rs2288378 and breast cancer risk was also modified by breast tumor subtype among East Asian women. Several IGF1 polymorphisms were found to be associated with breast cancer risk and some of these associations were modified by menopausal status or breast tumor subtype. Such interactions should be considered when assessing the role of these variants in breast cancer etiology.
Quality-driven object-oriented re-engineering framework

This work presents a framework for providing quality based re-engineering of object-oriented systems (Tahvildari, 2003). The framework allows for specific design and quality requirements (performance and maintainability) of the target migrant system to be considered during the reengineering process. Quality requirements for the migrant system can be encoded using soft-goal interdependency graphs and be associated with specific software transformations that need to be carried out for the specific target quality requirement to be achieved. These transformations can be applied as a series of the iterative and incremental steps to the source code. An evaluation procedure can be used at each transformation step to determine whether specific goals have been achieved.
Scanpath Eye Movements during Visual Mental Imagery in a Simulated Hemianopia Paradigm

Several studies have shown that eye movements (EM) are functionally involved in visual imagery. In this study we investigate the impact of a simulated homonymous hemianopia paradigm (SH) with and without foveal masking on scanpath eye movements during visual mental imagery. EM of twenty subjects were recorded under SH condition during viewing and subsequent visual imagery of complex pictures. Using evaluated string editing methods viewing and imagery scanpaths were compared. Our results show that scanpath EM are involved in visual mental imagery and reflect the picture content even under SH. In contrast, additional foveal masking significantly reduces the similarity between viewing and imagery scanpath. This points toward a detrimental effect of foveal masking on subsequent visual imagery performance.
Human action analysis using K-NN classifier

Human activity recognition is an important research area of computer vision. There is an urgent mechanism to automatically detect and retrieve semantic events in videos based on video contents. Low-level video sequence content is translated into high-level video sequence content is a interesting research topic in recent years. Its applications include automated video surveillance schemes, intensive care systems, airports, analysis of the physical condition of people and a variety of systems which include human-computer interfaces. Automatic recognition of high level activities which refers combination of multiple simple human actions. By recognizing high level human action from video sequence helps to construct many important applications. Human activity can be analyzed in many ways. In this paper, wave pattern is used to identify different human activities. This pattern is generated by using texture features (energy) for the extracted foreground objects. Various kinds of human actions are analyzed and classified. The system consists of following stages: object detection, feature parameter extraction, pattern generation and classification. Gaussian mixture model is used for extracting foreground object from background image. Pre-processing is done in order to reduce the noise content from each and every frame. Then wave pattern is generated by using energy function. K-Nearest Neighboring is used to classify the different human activities. From this wave pattern presence of objects, direction of moving object, no of objects presented in foreground frame are observed. By using this information human activities in each frame are classified using K-NN. Two different types of dataset namely KTH dataset and WEIZMANN dataset is used. The accuracy rate of the system is 93.33%.
Automated glycopeptide analysisçreview of current state and future directions

Glycosylation of proteins is involved in immune defense, cell^ cell adhesion, cellular recognition and pathogen binding and is one of the most common and complex post-translational modifications. Science is still struggling to assign detailed mechanisms and functions to this form of conjugation. Even the structural analysis of glycoproteinsc glycoproteomicscremains in its infancy due to the scarcity of high-throughput analytical platforms capable of determining glycopeptide composition and structure, especially platforms for complex biological mixtures. Glycopeptide composition and structure can be determined with high mass-accuracy mass spectrometry, particularly when combined with chromatographic separation, but the sheer volume of generated data necessitates computational software for interpretation. This review discusses the current state of glycopeptide assignment softwarecadvances made to date and issues that remain to be addressed. The various software and algorithms developed so far provide important insights into glycoproteomics. However, there is currently no freely available software that can analyze spectral data in batch and unambiguously determine glycopeptide compositions for N -a ndO-linked glycopeptides from relevant biological sources such as human milk and serum. Few programs are capable of aiding in structural determination of the glycan component. To significantly advance the field of glycoproteomics, analytical software and algorithms are required that: (i) solve for both N -a ndO-linked glycopeptide compositions, structures and glycosites in biological mixtures; (ii) are high-throughput and process data in batches; (iii) can interpret mass spectral data from a variety of sources and (iv) are open source and freely available.
The analysis of very small samples of repeated measurements II: A modified Box correction

There is a need for appropriate methods for the analysis of very small samples of continuous repeated measurements. A key feature of such analyses is the role played by the covariance matrix of the repeated observations. When subjects are few it can be difficult to assess the fit of parsimonious structures for this matrix, while the use of an unstructured form may lead to a serious lack of power. The Kenward–Roger adjustment is now widely adopted as a means of providing an appropriate inferences in small samples, but does not perform adequately in very small samples. Adjusted tests based on the empirical sandwich estimator can be constructed that have good nominal properties, but are seriously underpowered. Further, when such data are incomplete, or unbalanced, or non‐saturated mean models are used, exact distributional results do not exist that justify analyses with any sample size. In this paper, a modification of Box's correction applied to a linear model‐based F‐statistic is developed for such small sample settings and is shown to have both the required nominal properties and acceptable power across a range of settings for repeated measurements. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship Between Goal Orientation and Employee Creativity: A Mediating Role of Creative Self-Efficacy

This paper aims to investigate the effect of learning and performance goal orientations on employee creativity through a mediating role of creative self-efficacy. The population of the study consists of all level of managers of commercial banking sector of Pakistan. Through stratified sampling technique a total 400 managers were selected for the study. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire having a five point Likert scale. The study found that both learning and performance goal orientations have positive and significant association with employee creativity. The study also found that creative self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between goal orientations and employee creativity. The study highlights implications and future research directions.
Heterologous reconstitution the polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway of Phaeodactylum tricornutum in Arabidopsis thaliana

The genes encoding Δ6 desaturase, Δ6 fatty acid elongase, and Δ5 desaturase from the alga, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, were co-expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana under the control of the Brassica napus napin promoter to produce arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4 Δ
IT Alignment: Different Firm Types, Different Alignment Configurations

As opposed to the earlier IT-business alignment research where there appears to be a tendency to view realization of alignment through a simple universal approach and in line with the call to examine how the nature of alignment varies across firm types, this study discusses the IT-business alignment dimensions from the five ideal organizational archetypes perspective. The study suggests an integrative framework for IT-business alignment as a function of Mintzberg’s five organizational archetypes. A qualitative case study research methodology is discussed. Enriching the model with the qualitative study and generalizing the results with a quantitative survey study will have important implications for theory and practice.
Chapter 9: Analysing Data and Undertaking Meta-Analyses

This extract is made available solely for use in the authoring, editing or refereeing of Cochrane reviews, or for training in these processes by representatives of formal entities of The Cochrane Collaboration. Other than for the purposes just stated, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the copyright holders.
Is Wikipedia Really Neutral? A Sentiment Perspective Study of War-related Wikipedia Articles since 1945

Wikipedia is supposed to be supporting the “Neutral Point of View”. Instead of accepting this statement as a fact, the current paper analyses its veracity by specifically analysing a typically controversial (negative) topic, such as war, and answering questions such as “Are there sentiment differences in how Wikipedia articles in different languages describe the same war? ”. This paper tackles this challenge by proposing an automatic methodology based on article level and concept level sentiment analysis on multilingual Wikipedia articles. The results obtained so far show that reasons such as people’s feelings of involvement and empathy can lead to sentiment expression differences across multilingual Wikipedia on war-related topics; the more people contribute to an article on a war-related topic, the more extreme sentiment the article will express; different cultures also focus on different concepts about the same war and present different sentiments towards them. Moreover, our research provides a framework for performing different levels of sentiment analysis on multilingual texts.