Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Virtual Micro-Politics: Informal Tactics of Influence and Power in Inter-Organizational Networks

Although virtual organizations and networks have been studied for quite some time, there is still need for research regarding their inner dynamics and the mechanisms of leadership and governance. In this paper we investigate micro-political processes - i.e. informal actions of individual actors to gain power and exert influence, which is a well-researched concept in traditional organizations - with respect to interorganizational networks. By means of a qualitative interview study we investigated structures and strategies of power within virtual networks. Results show that micro-political tactics known from research in traditional organizations are also used in interorganizational settings. Furthermore, we identified additional micro-political tactics specific to virtual networks. The latter are especially related to the use of ICT. Based on our results, we discuss possible implications for the structure and governance of virtual networks as well as the design of the technology that is used to support virtual cooperation.
Famille, petites annonces, ANPE... L'accès à l'emploi des diplômés de l'enseignement supérieur

Dominique Epiphane und Daniel Martinelli, Familie, Kleinanzeigen, Arbeitsamt, . Der Beschaftigungseinstieg von Hochschulabsolventen. ; Die jungsten Arbeiten des nationalen Wirtschaftsforschungsinstituts hinsichtlich des Eintritts ins Erwerbsleben von Hochschulabsolventen zeigt eine deutliche Verschlechterung ihrer beruflichen Eingliederungsbedingungen. Auch wenn der Hochschulabschlus eine Grundvoraussetzung fur eine mogliche Beschaftigung darstellt, so bietet er keinen absoluten Schutz vor der Arbeitslosigkeit und seine "Signalrolle" genugt selbst nicht mehr, um den Besten einen direkten Zugang zur Beschaftigung zu garantieren. In diesem Zusammenhang ist die berufliche Erstausbildung, die die Eingliederungsmodalitaten auf dem Arbeitsmarkt immer noch in starkem Mase pragt, nicht der einzige erklarende Faktor ; die Untersuchung des Eintritts ins Erwerbsleben mus mehr denn je zusatzliche Erklarungsmasstabe anlegen, um Karriereschwankungen zu verstehen. Deshalb versuchen die Autoren dieses Beitrags von der Quasi-Fixierung auf die berufliche Erstausbildung abzurucken, in der traditionellerweise die Charakteristika der Jugendlichen auf ihre schulischen Leistungen reduziert werden. Im Zentrum dieses Beitrags steht der Gebrauch der unterschiedlichen Beschaftigungseinstiegsarten der Hochschulabsolventen sowie die Beziehungen zwischen diesen Arten und der Form der tatsachlichen Beschaftigung. Die Art ihres Abschlusses - und damit auch die von ihnen angestrebte Beschaftigungsart - erklart nur teilweise ihre Vorgehensweise bei der Arbeitssuche und die Erfolgsaussichten fur ihre Eingliederung. Bei gleichwertiger Ausbildung stellt die soziale Herkunft einen weiteren Erklarungsfaktor fur den jeweiligen Einsatz bei der Beschaftigungssuche und der Gute der erlangten Beschaftigung dar. Auserdem hangen die Beschaftigungseinstiegsarten auch immer von der Art der erlangten Beschaftigung ab. Dabei erweist sich der Ruckgriff auf Familie oder Freunde, um eine "gute" Anstellung zu erlangen, als weitaus weniger eintraglich im Vergleich zu anderen Mitteln.
Consolidation of (001)-Oriented Fe–Ga Flakes for 3-D Printing of Magnetostrictive Powder Materials

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic materials is an emerging technique for the printing of 3-D components using metal powders. The use of thin flakes of magnetostrictive (001)-oriented Fe–Ga powder in a composite matrix for the design of pressure and strain sensors has been demonstrated. This paper extends that work and presents a preliminary evaluation of two methods for the consolidation of magnetostrictive Fe–Ga alloy flakes, using a hot press and arc melting. Flake-shaped powders of Fe<sub>80</sub>Ga<sub>20</sub> and Fe<sub>73</sub>Ga<sub>27</sub> alloys were prepared with varying particle sizes up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$250~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in diameter using a high energy wet ball milling process. The surfaces of the flakes produced were predominantly parallel to the (001) crystallographic plane. Hot pressed Fe–Ga disk samples at 850 °C showed increases of packing density and saturation magnetization with an increase of the particle size because higher thickness to diameter aspect ratios in the flakes facilitated ordering of flakes whereby they more easily defaulted to sitting on one another in layers. We also employed arc melting and binder infiltration techniques to demonstrate the potential suitability of the oriented flake form of this magnetostrictive alloy for AM using 3-D printing methods.
Dopamine Agonist Therapy for Hyperprolactinemia

Prolactin Prolactin is a 199-amino acid protein synthesized within and secreted from lactotropes in the anterior pituitary gland. Numerous biologic actions have been ascribed to this protein, but it is most widely known for its stimulatory actions upon the milkproducing cells of the breast. After expulsion of the placenta after childbirth, breast milk letdown occurs as a consequence of the decline in levels of estradiol, estrone, estriol, and progesterone. Breast milk production begins and continues in response to exposure to prolactin secreted as a result of nipple stimulation during breastfeeding. Anovulation accompanied by amenorrhea usually exists during breastfeeding and may last for weeks or months depending upon the duration, frequency, and intensity of the nipple stimulation. The presumed cause of anovulation and amenorrhea is the suppression of gonadotropin release resulting either from the inhibition of GnRH release by stimulation of prolactin receptors or increased dopamine turnover in the hypothalamus caused by prolactin. The pituitary hormone, prolactin, was discovered in the rabbit in 1928. After its discovery, prolactin was found to be involved in milk production, as demonstrated by its stimulatory activity on milk production from the pigeon crop sac. Prolactin was also found to be involved in maintaining corpus luteum production of progesterone in the rat. The existence of a human prolactin molecule was long suspected but not identified until 1971, by Hwang et al.
An integrated CMOS current-sensing circuit for low-Voltage current-mode buck regulator

An integrated current-sensing circuit for low-voltage buck regulator is presented. The minimum achievable supply voltage of the proposed current-sensing circuit is 1.2 V implemented in a CMOS technology with V/sub TH/=0.85 V, and the current-sensing accuracy is higher than 94%. With the developed current-sensing circuit, a buck regulator, which is able to operate at a 1.2-V supply, is implemented. A maximum output current of 120 mA and power-conversion efficiency higher than 89% are achieved.
Acknowledging the “Analyst as Person”

I entered psychoanalytic training as I imagine many people do: not fully aware of my motivations, a little frightened and a little excited by the prospect of being an analyst, but clear about my idealization of theory and “proper” technique. One of my supervisors had told me as a resident that I didn’t know much theory, but that my intuition, what he called “shooting from the hip,” seemed to be working pretty well. Psychoanalytic training was supposed to remedy that. Theory in hand, or head, I would be able to understand what my patients were telling me just the way I would interpret lab tests—objectively and free from the influence of my own personhood. I would provide my patients an experience that was solely about them, so they could work through their conflicts and traumas, transferences and projections, without me muddying the field. This, I thought, was the right, the ethical, thing to do. Coming of age psychoanalytically as intersubjective theory was becoming mainstream, I soon faced challenges to my ideal of analytic objectivity. The question I would like to investigate is the ethical implications of acknowledging the analyst’s personhood. Perhaps the more relevant way of phrasing this is the ethical implications of disavowing our personhood. Because that, I think, is the point, and it is an issue that I, and our field, has had trouble coming to terms with. Each of us is a person with our own particular unconscious conflicts, motivations, and ways of relating. And these aspects of ourselves, what Jane Kite (2008) might call the character that we analyze from within, are with us in every clinical encounter. What I want to explore here is what that means about the work we do, and what
Finite-SNR diversity-multiplexing tradeoff for spatially correlated Rayleigh MIMO channels

In this paper, we derive the exact expression of the finite-signal to noise ratio (SNR) diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) for Rayleigh fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels with dual correlated antennas at the transmitter (2×Nr) and/or at the receiver (Nt ×2). We first derive the exact outage probability versus SNR. While finite-SNR DMT and outage probabilities are usually only estimated, we show that the numerical results of our derived outage probability and finite-SNR DMT are identical to those obtained using Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, it is shown that achievable diversity gains at realistic SNRs are significantly lower than asymptotic values and that the DMT degrades as the spatial correlation increases. Space-time codes (STCs) for MIMO systems are conventionally designed to achieve the asymptotic DMT frontier. This finite-SNR DMT could provide a new insight to design STCs for practical MIMO systems optimized at realistic SNRs and propagation environments.
Elderly Norms for the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised

The present study evaluates the effects of age, education, and gender in a representative sample of older adults and provides normative data for community-dwelling elderly. Age and gender had significant effects on HVLT-R performance. We provide age- and gender-adjusted normative data. Surprisingly, education level did not affect HVLT-R performance, indicating that education-adjusted norms are not necessary for this measure within this age range. We evaluated a subsample of subjects census-matched on age, education, and gender. These subjects did not differ in overall performance from our entire sample. Therefore, the normative data provided in this paper can be considered to be census-comparable for age, education, and gender.
Lattice dynamics and vibrational spectra of the orthorhombic, tetragonal, and cubic phases of methylammonium lead iodide

The hybrid halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 exhibits a complex structural behaviour, with successive transitions between orthorhombic, tetragonal and cubic polymorphs at ca. 165 K and 327 K. Herein we report first-principles lattice dynamics (phonon spectrum) for each phase of CH3NH3PbI3. The equilibrium structures compare well to solutions of temperature-dependent powder neutron diffraction. By following the normal modes we calculate infrared and Raman intensities of the vibrations, and compare them to the measurement of a single crystal where the Raman laser is controlled to avoid degradation of the sample. Despite a clear separation in energy between low frequency modes associated with the inorganic PbI3 network and high-frequency modes of the organic CH3NH3+ cation, significant coupling between them is found, which emphasises the interplay between molecular orientation and the corner-sharing octahedral networks in the structural transformations. Soft modes are found at the boundary of the Brillouin zone of the cubic phase, consistent with displacive instabilities and anharmonicity involving tilting of the PbI6 octahedra around room temperature.
Compact and low cost substrate integrated waveguide cavity and bandpass filter using surface mount shorting stubs

A compact and low cost substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity and bandpass filter using Surface Mount (SM) shorting stubs is proposed in this paper. These cavity and filter allows a drastically reduction in Printed Circuit Board (PCB) footprint. They are compact and also low cost as there fabrication involves standard PCB process and SM technologies. For demonstration purpose, one cavity and one 7th order bandpass filter were designed and fabricated over Ka-band. The cavity is designed at the center frequency of 34 GHz. It achieves an unloaded Qu factor of 201 with a footprint of only 1.9 × 6.3 mm2 compared to 5.38 × 6.3 mm for a planar cavity. Then, a 7th order filter is designed at the center frequency of 34.5 GHz. It provides a sharp frequency selectivity using arranged transmission-zeros and achieves a bandwidth of 1 GHz with an insertion loss of better than 2.9 dB with a footprint of only 11.2 × 6.3 mm2. The experimental prototypes achieve good performances. They potentially have many applications in microwave and millimeter wave devices, circuits and systems.
Suppressed Ca2+/CaM/CaMKII-dependent KATP channel activity in primary afferent neurons mediates hyperalgesia after axotomy

Painful axotomy decreases KATP channel current (IKATP) in primary afferent neurons. Because cytosolic Ca2+ signaling is depressed in injured dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, we investigated whether Ca2+–calmodulin (CaM)–Ca2+/CaM-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) regulates IKATP in large DRG neurons. Immunohistochemistry identified the presence of KATP channel subunits SUR1, SUR2, and Kir6.2 but not Kir6.1, and pCaMKII in neurofilament 200–positive DRG somata. Single-channel recordings from cell-attached patches revealed that basal and evoked IKATP by ionomycin, a Ca2+ ionophore, is activated by CaMKII. In axotomized neurons from rats made hyperalgesic by spinal nerve ligation (SNL), basal KATP channel activity was decreased, and sensitivity to ionomycin was abolished. Basal and Ca2+-evoked KATP channel activity correlated inversely with the degree of hyperalgesia induced by SNL in the rats from which the neurons were isolated. Inhibition of IKATP by glybenclamide, a selective KATP channel inhibitor, depolarized resting membrane potential (RMP) recorded in perforated whole-cell patches and enhanced neurotransmitter release measured by amperometry. The selective KATP channel opener diazoxide hyperpolarized the RMP and attenuated neurotransmitter release. Axotomized neurons from rats made hyperalgesic by SNL lost sensitivity to the myristoylated form of autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide (AIPm), a pseudosubstrate blocker of CaMKII, whereas axotomized neurons from SNL animals that failed to develop hyperalgesia showed normal IKATP inhibition by AIPm. AIPm also depolarized RMP in control neurons via KATP channel inhibition. Unitary current conductance and sensitivity of KATP channels to cytosolic ATP and ligands were preserved even after painful nerve injury, thus providing opportunities for selective therapeutic targeting against neuropathic pain.
Oxidative DNA Modifications in Hypoxic Signaling

Hypoxia, a fundamental biological stimulus, uses reactive oxygen species (ROS) as second messengers. Surprising molecular targets of hypoxia‐generated ROS are the specific bases within hypoxic response elements (HREs) of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other hypoxia‐inducible genes. Oxidative modifications coincide with the onset of mRNA accumulation and are localized to transcriptionally active mononucleosomes. The oxidative base modifications are removed, and the base excision DNA repair pathway is likely involved since Ref‐1/Ape1, a transcriptional co‐activator and DNA repair enzyme, is critical for transcription complex assembly. Mimicking the effect of hypoxia by introducing an abasic site in an oligonucleotide‐based model of ROS‐enhanced VEGF HRE sequence flexibility resulted in altered transcription factor binding and engendered more robust reporter gene expression. These observations suggest that controlled DNA “damage” and repair, mediated by ROS used as second messengers and by the base excision pathway of DNA repair, respectively, are important for hypoxia‐induced transcriptional activation.
Limitations to Postfire Seedling Establishment: The Role of Seeding Technology, Water Availability, and Invasive Plant Abundance

Abstract Seeding rangeland following wildfire is a central tool managers use to stabilize soils and inhibit the spread of invasive plants. Rates of successful seeding on arid rangeland, however, are low. The objective of this study was to determine the degree to which water availability, invasive plant abundance, and seeding technology influence postfire seedling establishment. Across four fire complexes, whole plots were either seeded using a rangeland drill, seeded by hand where seeds could be placed at an exact depth, or left as unseeded controls. Irrigation and weeding treatments were applied to subplots within whole plots in an incomplete factorial design. In three of the four fires, seeding method was the single factor limiting establishment with seedling density over sevenfold higher in the hand-seeded compared to the drill-seeded treatments. In contrast to our hypotheses, water and weeding had no positive effect on seedling establishment in any of the four fires; however, background weed density was relatively low. The native community recovered at all sites with minimal bunchgrass mortality. These results strongly suggest a need for a decision framework that evaluates postfire seeding needs relative to natural recovery. Based on these initial results, it appears modest improvements in seeding technology may yield substantial increases in seeding success.
The passive optically pumped Rb frequency standard: the laser approach

This paper outlines the progress made during the last few decades in the implementation of a frequency standard using the optical-microwave double resonance technique and laser optical pumping in a sealed cell containing an alkali atom vapor in a microwave cavity. An analysis is presented based on a three-level model, describing the basic phenomena taking place in that approach. The expected frequency stability is calculated. The various frequency shifts taking place are described and their importance is evaluated. Several laser systems generally used in this context are described as well as the various techniques for stabilizing them. The results obtained by several research groups are outlined, compared to the analysis, and evaluated in the context of the implementation of a practical frequency standard. Conclusions are drawn relative to the future of a realistic implementation of such a laser pumped frequency standard.
Energy evaluation of two on demand routing protocol under stochastic traffic

Energy efficient routing protocols play an important role in MANET mainly due to limited bandwidth and battery power. Route discovery and route maintenance are also the most concern areas in MANET. Many efficient routing protocols have been developed for MANETs over the past few years. They have been analyzed under the CBR traffic. This paper evaluates the energy consumption of two on-demand routing protocols: dynamic source routing (DSR) and ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) under the stochastic traffic (Pareto traffic) in comparison to constant bit rate (CBR) traffic. Energy consumption mainly due to mobility pattern, traffic pattern, area shape, sending rate and number of nodes are evaluated with the help of ns-2 simulator. The simulation results demonstrate the energy consumption behavior of DSR and AODV under different traffic models.
Development, Differentiation, and Maturation of Fetal Mouse Yolk Sac Macrophages in Cultures

The development and differentiation of macrophages in the fetal mouse yolk sac were studied morphologically in four different culture experiments. In the culture of mouse embryos with yolk sac, the development of fetal macrophages was demonstrated to precede that of promonocytes and monocytes in the yolk sac. In vitro differentiation of the fetal macrophages was consistent with the results of our previous in vivo observation indicating that fetal macrophages were differentiated from primitive macrophages, but not from the monocytic cell series. Differentiation of primitive macrophages into fetal macrophages, before the development of promonocytes and monocytes, was reproduced in the culture of cell suspensions from the fetal mouse yolk sacs, with a mouse bone marrow stromal cell clone (ST2) particularly with those at 8 days of gestation. In the soft agar or liquid culture of yolk sac cells with LP3‐conditioned medium, monocyte‐macrophage colonies were effectively induced, but not fetal macrophage colonies. The results provide evidence for the existence, in yolk sac hematopoiesis, of two distinct macrophage populations: a fetal macrophage population and a monocyte‐derived macrophage population. The data indicate an obvious difference in development and differentiation between the two populations and the temporal precedence of fetal macrophages appearing before monocyte‐macrophages.
Differences in Acidogenicity of S. sobrinus and S. rattus Are Linked to the Catalytic Efficiency of the Glycolytic Key Enzyme Phosphofructokinase

This contribution describes the biochemical properties of two catalytically different phosphofructokinases (PFKs) purified from Streptococcus rattus LB 2 (PFK–rat) and Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ 65 (PFK–sob), respectively. Steady–state kinetics revealed KM = 0.8 mM for PFK–rat and KM = 0.08 mM for PFK–sob for F–6–P as the substrate. The enzymes also differ in their pH profiles: whereas the highest activity of PFK–rat was measured at pH = 8.0, the optimum pH of PFK–sob was at pH = 7.0. In addition, compared to PFK–sob, PFK–rat was more sensitive against the allosteric inhibitor ATP. PFK catalyzes a committed step of glycolysis, the main acid producing catabolic pathway. Thus, the catalytically more efficient enzyme isolated from S. sobrinus OMZ 65, especially at low pH, could explain the comparably high acidogenicity of this strain.
The forward-backward string: A new robust feature for botnet detection

We introduce the forward-backward string as a new feature which is robust against variation over payload length, the inter-arrival time of packets, and the number of packets within a flow. It represents an abstract activity of a host within a flow. The forward-backward string is packet-oriented and does not rely on payload size, the content of header and the inter-arrival time of packets. We use real-world botnet data to evaluate the performance of our new feature with some existing works. The experimental results show that the forward-backward string boosts the accuracy of existing works up to 5%. We further examine the robustness of the new feature against packet and flow level noise. The forward-backward string not only increases the accuracy but also enhances the robustness of the prior works.
Impedance Learning for Robotic Contact Tasks Using Natural Actor-Critic Algorithm

Compared with their robotic counterparts, humans excel at various tasks by using their ability to adaptively modulate arm impedance parameters. This ability allows us to successfully perform contact tasks even in uncertain environments. This paper considers a learning strategy of motor skill for robotic contact tasks based on a human motor control theory and machine learning schemes. Our robot learning method employs impedance control based on the equilibrium point control theory and reinforcement learning to determine the impedance parameters for contact tasks. A recursive least-square filter-based episodic natural actor-critic algorithm is used to find the optimal impedance parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed method was tested through dynamic simulations of various contact tasks. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method optimizes the performance of the contact tasks in uncertain conditions of the environment.