Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurophysiological and Clinical Aspects of Glucocorticoids and Memory: A Review

Neuropsychologists are increasingly involved in the assessment and treatment of individuals with glucocorticoid (GC) dysfunction. This review examines the clinical and neurophysiological changes associated with alterations in GC levels, with specific emphasis on changes in hippocampal plasticity and memory impairments. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation of GC production and GC effects at hippocampal receptors are examined. GC-related changes in memory and hippocampal plasticity are considered in a wide array of populations, including animals, healthy adults, patients receiving exogenous GC treatments, and patients with neuropsychiatric disorders resulting in GC dysregulation. Hypotheses regarding GC-related memory changes are considered, with emphasis on hippocampal neurotoxicity and changes in excitatory amino acids, glucose metabolism and neurotrophic factors. These hypotheses are examined, with special attention given to inconsistencies and contradictions within this body of research. Finally, implications for neuropsychological evaluation and future research are presented.
The effect of increasing doses of norepinephrine on tissue oxygenation and microvascular flow in patients with septic shock*

Objective:To investigate the effect of escalating doses of norepinephrine, aimed at achieving incremental increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP), on microvascular flow and tissue oxygenation in patients with septic shock. Design:Single-center interventional study. Setting:University hospital intensive care unit. Patients:Sixteen patients with established septic shock. Interventions:The norepinephrine dose was escalated to achieve incremental increases in the MAP from 60 to 70, 80, and 90 mm Hg. Measurements and Main Results:In addition to routine clinical measurements, cardiac output was determined using lithium dilution and arterial waveform analysis, cutaneous tissue Pto2 was measured using a Clark electrode, cutaneous red blood cell flux was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry, and sublingual microvascular flow was evaluated using sidestream darkfield imaging. The mean (sd) norepinephrine dose increased from 0.18 (0.18) &mgr;g·kg−1·min−1 at 60 mm Hg to 0.41 (0.26) &mgr;g·kg−1·min−1 at 90 mm Hg (p < 0.0001). During this period, global oxygen delivery increased from 487 (418–642) to 662 (498–829) mL·min−1·m−2 (p < 0.01), cutaneous Pto2 increased from 44 (11) to 54 (13) mm Hg (p < 0.0001) and cutaneous microvascular red blood cell flux increased from 26.1 (16.2–41.9) to 33.3 (20.3–46.7) perfusion units (p < 0.05). No changes in sublingual microvascular flow index, vessel density, the proportion of perfused vessels, perfused vessel density, or heterogeneity index were identified by sidestream darkfield imaging. Conclusions:In patients with septic shock, targeting higher MAP by increasing the dose of norepinephrine resulted in an increase in global oxygen delivery, cutaneous microvascular flow, and tissue oxygenation. There were no changes in preexisting abnormalities of sublingual microvascular flow. Further research is required to clarify the optimal end points for vasopressor therapy in patients with septic shock.
KLF4 and KLF5 regulate proliferation, Apoptosis and invasion in esophageal cancer cells

KLF4 and KLF5, members of the KLF family of transcription factors, play key roles in proliferation, differentiation, and carcinogenesis in a number of gastrointestinal tissues. While KLF4 is expressed in differentiating epithelial cells, KLF5 is found in proliferating cells of the gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus. KLF4 regulates a number of genes vital for esophageal epithelial differentiation, and decreased expression of KLF4 is seen in esophageal squamous cancers. Nonetheless, the roles of KLF4 and KLF5 in esophageal tumor progression are not known. Here, using TE2 cells stably infected with retroviral vectors to express KLF4 or KLF5, we demonstrate that KLF4 and KLF5 are key players in a number of cellular processes critical for esophageal carcinogenesis. TE2 cells, derived from a patient with poorly differentiated esophageal squamous cancer, normally lack KLF4 and KLF5. Expression of KLF5 in TE2 cells inhibits proliferation, and both KLF4 and KLF5 decrease viability after treatment with hydrogen peroxide and increase anoikis. In response to DNA damage from UV irradiation, viability is decreased in KLF5 but not KLF4 infected cells. Both KLF4 and KLF5 upregulate the cdk inhibitor p21waf1/cip1 following UV irradiation, but the pro-apoptotic protein BAX is markedly induced only by KLF5. Thus KLF4 may preferentially activate DNA repair pathways while KLF5 induces both DNA repair and apoptosis after UV irradiation. Expression of KLF4 or KLF5 in TE2 cells also inhibits invasion, consistent with a role for each in preventing tumor metastasis. In summary, KLF4 and KLF5 regulate esophageal carcinogenesis by affecting proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion.
Exploring Antecedents of Habit On Social Network Service

Social network service (SNS) with the Web 2.0 concept embedded involves using multimedia to enable social interaction and information sharing. The objective of this study is to explore the antecedents of habit in the context of social network services. Though the combination of media synchronization theory, social capital theory, and collaborative information exchange, we conducted and examined a model of SNS effects on the habit. In the research model, social interaction capital is proposed as one formative second-order construct driven by social network, share goal, and social trust, and information interaction capital also is proposed as another formative second-order construct driven by breath and quality of information exchange. It is hoped that platform managers can benefit from the insights and implement more effective management of SNS use.
Determination of the high frequency inductance profile of surface Mounted Permanent Magnet synchronous motors

Accurate knowledge of the high frequency inductance profile plays an important role in many designs of sensorless controllers for surface inductance. A special algorithm is used to decouple the cross-coupling effects between the d-axis and the q-axis, which allows mounted permanent magnet (SMPM) synchronous motors. This paper presents an AC+DC measurement method for determination of the d-axis and q-axis high frequency inductance profiles of SMPM synchronous motors. This method uses DC currents to set a desired magnetic working point on the motor laminations, and then superimpose balanced small AC signals to measure the incremental a separate determination of the d, q inductance profiles as functions of the d, q currents. Experimental results on a commercial SMPM motor using the proposed method are presented in this paper.
How Did Export-Led Growth Strategy Work In The Turkish Case? The Experience of Manufacturing Sector After 1980

This paper explores the distributional effects of post-1980 export-led growth policies on Turkish manufacturing. Categorization of manufacturing sub-sectors according to their orientations in international trade shows that, both wages and mark-ups in exporting firms remained systematically below manufacturing average for the whole period. Effects of changes in export performance and import penetration on value-added categories are also investigated with dynamic panel estimations. Results show a significant and negative correlation between export performances and mark-ups, while no statistically significant relationship between exports increases and real wage changes is found. Exporting firms need to maintain wages at the lowest possible level to keep competitiveness at international markets and wages are not affected by export performance. However, this does not necessarily bring higher profitability. Also considering the government incentives to exporting firms, it is concluded that, export-led growth strategy did not bring specialization in sectors of high value-added, in the Turkish case. * PhD candidate at Ankara University. e-mail: kemal_kizilca@yahoo.com. Financial support of TUBITAK is gratefully acknowledged. The author is also thankful to Ahmet Hasim Kose, Hasan Şahin and Ozlem Genc of Ankara University for their valuable comments and suggestions.
A 5-tissue-layer lumped-element based HBC circuit model compatible to IEEE802.15.6

Human body communication (HBC) has significant advantage over wireless communication schemes in wireless body area networks (WBANs) in terms of power efficiency due to the high conductivity of human body. An accurate circuit model for transmission channel is necessary for optimizing the HBC transceiver performance. Conventional models achieve limited accuracy because of incomplete body tissue model or the use of tranmission-line at circuit level. In this paper, we proposed a comprehensive HBC circuit model which is based on 5 human-surface tissue layers representing the physiological characteristics of living tissues and the frequency dependence of their dielectric properties. Instead of using transmission-line, our model is based on lumped-element analysis, which is more accurate at the 21 MHz frequency band specified by the IEEE 802.15. 6 HBC standard. We verified the proposed model by actual measurement on human body at various of communication distances. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieved the minimum error among all the modeling works, i.e., 1.80% minimum error and 2.24% maximal error at various communication distances.
Institutional report - Thoracic oncologic Effects of a simple intraoperative intrathoracic hyperthermotherapy for lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion or dissemination

We examined the effect of a simple intraoperative intrathoracic hyperthermotherapy (IIH) and a simple intraoperative intrathoracic hyperthermo-chemotherapy (IIHC) on malignant pleural effusion andyor dissemination with primary non-small lung cancer. This study included 19 patients who had malignant pleural effusion andyor dissemination recognized for the first time at the time of surgery. We performed surgical procedures on the primary lesions and then the additional therapies followed. Seven patients received IIH (group A), five patients underwent IIHC (group B), and seven patients did not have any additional therapy (group C). There was no death during the follow-up period (9–35 months) in the group A. The median survival time was 41 months in the group B and 25 months in the group C. The group A was completely free of pleural effusion and one patient in the group B suffered from pleural effusion 26 months after surgery, although the median term of freedom from pleural effusion was three months in the group C. In patients with malignant pleural effusion andyor dissemination with primary non-small lung cancer, not only IIHC but also IIH might be beneficial in the prevention of pleural effusion instead of the improvement in prognosis. 2010 Published by European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.
How Do Shareholder Proposals Create Value?

Shareholder voting has been argued to be of little value since it generally does not compel management to respond to the message sent by voters. We show that large voting support for a proposal is effective even if management refuses to implement demanded changes. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find that management’s failure to comply triggers campaigns against unresponsive boards by shareholder organizations, causing notably more votes against incumbent CEOs and directors subsequently. This defiance is valued positively by the market. However, there is also some evidence of collateral damage as those shareholder campaigns lead valuable CEOs to leave more often.
Leader recognition based on 2D laser scanner and pan-tilt for quadruped robots

To meet the higher requirements of human-machine interface technology, the quadruped robot with human recognition capability is discussed in this paper. We present a marker tracking system which uses laser scanner and pan-tilt to allow a particular user to designate himself as the robot's leader. Optimal motion curve of pan-tilt is planned so as 3D point clouds can be returned by a rotating 2D laser scanner, and the maximum number of measurement point is in the area of interest. The leader is designated with unobtrusive passive retro-reflective stripe through cluttered off-road environments. Experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm proposed in this paper.
STP Position Paper

The Society of Toxicologic Pathology charged a Nervous System Sampling Working Group with devising recommended practices to routinely screen the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) in Good Laboratory Practice–type nonclinical general toxicity studies. Brains should be weighed and trimmed similarly for all animals in a study. Certain structures should be sampled regularly: caudate/putamen, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, choroid plexus, eye (with optic nerve), hippocampus, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, midbrain, nerve, olfactory bulb (rodents only), pons, spinal cord, and thalamus. Brain regions may be sampled bilaterally in rodents using 6 to 7 coronal sections, and unilaterally in nonrodents with 6 to 7 coronal hemisections. Spinal cord and nerves should be examined in transverse and longitudinal (or oblique) orientations. Most Working Group members considered immersion fixation in formalin (for CNS or PNS) or a solution containing acetic acid (for eye), paraffin embedding, and initial evaluation limited to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections to be acceptable for routine microscopic evaluation during general toxicity studies; other neurohistological methods may be undertaken if needed to better characterize H&E findings. Initial microscopic analyses should be qualitative and done with foreknowledge of treatments and doses (i.e., “unblinded”). The pathology report should clearly communicate structures that were assessed and methodological details. Since neuropathologic assessment is only one aspect of general toxicity studies, institutions should retain flexibility in customizing their sampling, processing, analytical, and reporting procedures as long as major neural targets are evaluated systematically.
Financial Considerations in Investment Decisions: A Literature Review , *

We offer a short review of the voluminous literature on the role of cash flow for investment decisions under the presence of capital market imperfections. We discuss the relevant theoretical literature that provides the basis for such a role, which builds on informational asymmetries. Then we cover the empirical literature that has attempted to investigate the validity of the theory by testing the resulting testable hypotheses. JEL: G10, G30.
Population vulnerability and disaster risk reduction: a situation analysis among the landslide affected communities in Kerala, India

Landslides a# ect at least 15% of the land area of India, exceeding 0.49 million km2. Taking the case of landslide a# ected communities in the state of Kerala in India, this paper demonstrates that the focus has seldom been placed on assessing and reducing vulnerability. From the perspective of political economy, this paper argues that vulnerability reduction has to be the main priority of any disaster risk reduction programme. $ is paper also demonstrates that the interactions between ecological and social systems are usually complex and non-linear in nature. In contrast, interventions to tackle landslide risks have followed a linear course, assuming that one hazard event acts independently of another. $ e key % ndings of the study show that lack of access to political power, decision making, and resources, insecure livelihoods, environmental degradation, and ine# ectiveness of the state approach to disaster risk reduction are some of the major factors that lead to increasing vulnerability. Qualitative in nature, the primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with people from di# erent groups such as farmers a# ected by the landslides and secondary & oods, men and women living in the temporary shelter, government representatives involved in relief activities, health authorities, and elected representatives.
A Level Set Approach to Simulating Xenopus laevis Tail Regeneration

A framework for predictively linking cell-level signaling with larger scale patterning in regeneration and growth has yet to be created within the field of regenerative biology. If this could be achieved, regeneration (controlled cell growth), cancer (uncontrolled cell growth), and birth defects (mispatterning of cell growth) could be more easily understood and manipulated. This paper looks to create a key part of this preliminary framework by using level set methods and a cellular control scheme to predict macroscopic regenerative morphology. This simulation specifically looks at Xenopus laevis tail regeneration, and uses three control regimes to collectively mimic biological regeneration. The algorithm shows promise in creating an abstracted model to predict cell patterning on a macroscopic level.
Computation of molecular Hartree-Fock Wigner intracules

The computation of molecular Wigner intracules from Hartree–Fock wave functions using Gaussian basis functions is described. The Wigner intracule is a new type of intracule that contains information about both the relative position and momentum of the electrons. Two methods for evaluating the required integrals are presented. The first approach uses quadrature while the second requires summation of an infinite series.
Xanthurenic acid distribution, transport, accumulation and release in the rat brain

Tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway leads to several neuroactive compounds, including kynurenic and picolinic acids. Xanthurenic acid (Xa) has been generally considered as a substance with no physiological role but possessing toxic and apoptotic properties. In the present work, we present several findings which support a physiological role for endogenous Xa in synaptic signalling in brain. This substance is present in micromolar amounts in most regions of the rat brain with a heterogeneous distribution. An active vesicular synaptic process inhibited by bafilomycin and nigericin accumulates xanthurenate into pre‐synaptic terminals. A neuronal transport, partially dependant on adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP), sodium and chloride ions exists in NCB‐20 neurons which could participate in the clearance of extracellular xanthurenate. Both transports (neuronal and vesicular) are greatly enhanced by the presence of micromolar amounts of zinc ions. Finally, electrical in vivo stimulation of A10‐induced Xa release in the extracellular spaces of the rat prefrontal cortex. This phenomenon is reproduced by veratrine, K+ ions and blocked by EGTA and tetrodotoxin. These results strongly argue for a role for Xa in neurotransmission/neuromodulation in the rat brain, thus providing the existence of specific Xa receptors.
A Small-Scale Genre Analysis Study of the Introductions of a Corpus of Postgraduate Essays in the Field of Applied Linguistics

Most English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses focus on developing general academic writing skills. Swales (1990) argues that prominence should be given not only to the general writing skills but also to discipline related specific skills in such study courses. Therefore, it is necessary to identify EAP and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) skills that students need to master. The present study analysed a corpus of 19 essays focusing on their introductions in order to identify both EAP and ESP features involved in writing assignment. Swales’ (1990) CARS model was applied to analyse the features in these introductions. The findings reveal that the introductions in this corpus closely follow CARS model with some of the Steps described in the model receiving prominence in these essay introductions. The findings also reveal that the students in this study module need to master EAP skills as well as ESP skills, relating relevant discipline specific contexts into writing and using discipline specific terminology in order to produce successful writing assignments. Thus, it is suggested to incorporate both EAP and ESP features in pre-sessional and/or in-sessional courses aimed at students who take similar courses of study. Keywords— ESP, EAP, Genre, introduction Introduction Academic writing is considered the most important language skill necessary for university studies and thus most EAP courses focus on developing academic writing (de Chazal, 2014; Bruce, 2011, p.10;). However, the features that are attempted to address in these courses are mostly general skills (Swales & Feak, 2012, Gimenez, 2008; Brennan, 1995; Hossain, Kummer & O’Leary, 2015) even though they are unique and complex (English, 2011, p.12; Greethem, 2013, p.01; Nesi and Gardner, 2012; Neville, 2009; Redman, 2006 and Andrew, 2003). Swales (1990) argues that prominence should be given not only to the general writing skills that students need to develop but also discipline related specific skills in such study courses. Therefore, incorporating specific features of EAP (Flowerdew and Peacock, 2001, p.8; Jordon, 1997, p.1 & Hyland, 2006, p.1; Benesch, 2001) and academic discipline based features focusing ESP (Hutchinson and Waters, 1989: Munby, 1978; McDonough, 1984; Halliday et al, 1964; Wells, 1992; Hyland, 2011) in the study courses are required. Genre analysis studies are used to analyse such discipline specific features in academic writing. This paper reports a study that analysed a corpus of 19 postgraduate essays in linguistics to identify the specific features in the introduction of those essays (see Tardy, 2011; Bhatia 1993 & 2008; Hyland, 2008) The paper contains a literature review, methodology applied in the study, results, discussion and a conclusion.
Requirements for Tools for Hairy Requirements or Software Engineering Tasks

A hairy requirements or software engineering task involving natural language (NL) documents is one that is not inherently difficult for NL understanding humans on a small scale but becomes unmanageable in the large scale. A hairy task demands tool assistance. Because humans need far more help in carrying out a hairy task completely than they do in making the local yes-or-no decisions, a tool for a hairy task should have as close to 100% recall (that the tool finds all desired information) as possible, even at the expense of high imprecision (that not all the information that the tool finds is desired). A tool that falls short of 100% recall may even be useless, because to find the missing information, a human has to do the entire task manually anyway. Any such tool based on NL processing (NLP) techniques inherently fails to achieve 100% recall, because even the best parsers are no more than 91% correct. Therefore, to achieve 100% recall in a tool for a hairy task, it needs to be based on something other than traditional NLP. The reality is that a tool’s achieving exactly 100% recall, which may be impossible anyway, may not be necessary. It suffices for a human working with the tool on a task to achieve better recall than a human working on the task entirely manually. This paper describes research whose goal is to discover and test a variety of non-traditional approaches to building tools for hairy tasks to see which, if any, allows a human working with with the tool to achieve better recall than a human working entirely manually.