Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategy in educational leadership: in search of unity

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine knowledge of strategy within the field of educational administration. It is intended to be the basis for future empirical research and inquiry into strategy in education by suggesting alternate ways of defining and researching strategy.Design/methodology/approach – The study examines the contemporary context of educational administration, the evolution of strategy as an educational construct, its definition and need within educational administration. Using this information the author identifies key conceptual and methodological issues in current research.Findings – The paper finds that knowledge of strategy in education is incomplete and muddled because research and writing in the field have approached strategy from a narrow and conceptually flawed position.Research limitations/implications – The advancement of knowledge in the area will only advance with alternate conceptualisations and methodological approaches.Originality/value – Rather than merely revi.
Private Profits – Public Drought: The Creation of a Crisis in Water Management for West Yorkshire

This paper examines the political and corporate constructions of the 1995–96 drought crisis in West Yorkshire, when an unprecedented public furore was provoked by the threat of water-supply cut-offs. A key outcome of this process was a profound crisis of confidence over the governance of water resources, which can be linked to the privatization of the industry and, more broadly, to the processes of redrawing the boundaries of the state. The water industry illustrates the contestability of neoliberal reforms seeking to inspire market-led growth with minimal government intervention. In particular, political dogma about the anticipated benefits of market competitiveness failed adequately to take into account public concern for the ‘common good’.
Pathological Investigations on Bovine Pheumonic Pasteurellosis by Use of Immunoperoxidase Technique

Lesions of calf pneumonia caused by Pasteurella haemolytica or P. mu/t,ocida were examined histopathologically using an immunoperoxidase technique for the detection of the bacterial antigen. The results indicated that: 1) multifocal coagulation necrosis sharply demarcated by degenerated leukocytes was a characteristic pulmonary lesion caused by P. haemolytica, 2) other bacteria than P. haemolytic a sometimes caused necrotic lesions in lungs of calves with naturally acquired pneumonia, 3) the lack of multifocal coagulation necrosis in P. multocida pneumonia was the major difference from P. haemolytica pneumonia, and 4) the immunoperoxidase technique can be used for the accurate diagnosis of pneumonia in cattle. Discipline: Animal health Additional key words: pneumonia, Pasteurella haemolytica, P. multocida
Top management team and corporate performance: a study of Greek firms

Purpose – This paper seeks to explore the role that boards can play in the contribution of organizational performance and to empirically examine the relationship between the chairman, key board composition variables and firm performance.Design/methodology/approach – The data presented are drawn from a sample of 27 chairmen of Greek corporations listed in the Athens Stock Exchange (ASE). The authors examine hypothesized links between the demographic characteristics of the chairmen of the board, board composition variables, and organizational performance.Findings – The authors found a positive relationship between age and competitive positioning which indicates that, the older the chairperson, the better the competitive positioning. Amazingly, the relationship between age and overall firm performance was found to be negative, indicating that even if the chairperson is older and more experienced the possibly efficient performance of the firm does not depend on that.Research limitations/implications – The aut.
Unraveling the Effect of Personal Innovativeness on Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD) Intention - The Role of Perceptions Towards Enterprise-Provided and Privately-Owned Technologies

Consumerization of information technology (IT) refers to consumer technologies finding their way into enterprises. In this context, bring-your-own-device (BYOD) describes the phenomenon of privatelyowned mobile devices being brought into organizations. While research on the general topic is scarce, initial studies have identified personal innovativeness in IT as one important driver for this behavior. However, the reasons why innovative people are more likely to use their privately-owned devices for work remain largely undiscovered. This study argues that technology acceptance factors with respect to both the enterprise-provided as well as the privately-owned mobile devices are important mediators. Moreover, a model using perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use as mediators is derived. The model’s underlying hypotheses are then tested using data from a quantitative survey in Germany. The results show that beliefs towards the ease of use of both the enterprise-provided as well as the privately owned mobile IT mediate the relationship between personal innovativeness in IT and BYOD intention. The findings are discussed with respect to implications for theory and practice and an outlook is given on potential future research.
Processed vs. Non-Processed Biowastes for Agriculture: Effects of Post-Harvest Tomato Plants and Biochar on Radish Growth, Chlorophyll Content and Protein Production

The aim of this work was to address the issue of processed vs. non-processed biowastes for agriculture, by comparing materials widely differing for the amount of process energy consumption. Thus, residual post harvest tomato plants (TP), the TP hydrolysates obtained at pH 13 and 60 °C, and two known biochar products obtained by 650 °C pyrolysis were prepared. All products were characterized and used in a cultivation of radish plants. The chemical composition and molecular nature of the materials was investigated by solid state 13C NMR spectrometry, elemental analysis and potentiometric titration. The plants were analysed for growth and content of chlorophyll, carotenoids and soluble proteins. The results show that the TP and the alkaline hydrolysates contain lignin, hemicellulose, protein, peptide and/or amino acids moieties, and several mineral elements. The biochar samples contain also similar mineral elements, but the organic fraction is characterized mainly by fused aromatic rings. All materials had a positive effect on radish growth, mainly on the diameter of roots. The best performances in terms of plant growth were given by miscanthus originated biochar and TP. The most significant effect was the enhancement of soluble protein content in the plants treated with the lowest energy consumption non processed TP. The significance of these findings for agriculture and the environment is discussed.
Error Estimates to Smooth Solutions of Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Scalar Conservation Laws

In this paper we study the error estimates to sufficiently smooth solutions of scalar conservation laws for Runge--Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) methods, where the time discretization is the second order explicit total variation diminishing (TVD) Runge--Kutta method. Error estimates for the $\mathbb{P}^1$ (piecewise linear) elements are obtained under the usual CFL condition $\tau\leq \gamma h$ for general nonlinear conservation laws in one dimension and for linear conservation laws in multiple space dimensions, where h and $\tau$ are the maximum element lengths and time steps, respectively, and the positive constant $\gamma$ is independent of $h$ and $\tau$. However, error estimates for higher order $\mathbb{P}^k(k\geq 2)$ elements need a more restrictive time step $\tau\leq \gamma h^{4/3}$. We remark that this stronger condition is indeed necessary, as the method is linearly unstable under the usual CFL condition $\tau\leq\gamma h$ for the $\mathbb{P}^k$ elements of degree $k\geq 2$. Error estimates of $O(h^{k+1/2}+\tau^2)$ are obtained for general monotone numerical fluxes, and optimal error estimates of $O(h^{k+1}+\tau^2)$ are obtained for upwind numerical fluxes.
Organisational learning in a public sector organisation: a case study in muddled thinking

Organisational learning practice within the public sector is relatively under researched. This paper draws on case study data from a local authority committed to the creation of a “learning organisation” culture; data generated through the evaluation of two programmes implemented as part of this strategic objective. The article contends that tensions between the need to deliver specific improvements in the organisation and the desire to encourage creative innovation led to an uncertainty surrounding the most appropriate model of learning to pursue the broader goal. Both programmes exposed tensions between opportunities for individual growth and traditional values which constrained that growth beyond the individual. The article concludes that for organisational learning in the public sector to be effective it must be collective, processual and above all cognisant of organisational power patterns.
L'entrepreneuriat, le territoire et les conditions de leurs dynamiques cumulatives

La contribution neo-autrichienne en matiere d'entrepreneuriat est inseree dans un cadre d'analyse economique dynamique tenant compte du fait regional. Une introduction a la theorie kirznerienne de l'entrepreneuriat est d'abord proposee. Nous traitons plus specialement de la notion de vigilance, de l'absence de cout entrepreneurial d'un point de vue analytique, ainsi que des couts et des revenus attendus de l'activite entrepreneuriale relativement a d'autres activites en situation de systeme incomplet de marches. Le choix occupationnel des individus et les effets de l'entrepreneuriat sur la croissance sont ensuite discutes des lors que la dimension regionale des activites est introduite dans l'argumentation. Une presentation systemique des arguments du choix occupationnel et de la croissance conduit a mettre en evidence le fait que les effets de l'action entrepreneuriale sur la croissance peuvent difficilement etre consideres independamment des effets en retour sur les parametres de choix individuels, a fortiori en reference a un ensemble de ressources et d'activites economiques localisees en interrelation ou en interaction.
Hemagglutinin from the H5N1 Virus Activates Janus Kinase 3 to Dysregulate Innate Immunity

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) cause severe disease in humans. There are no effective vaccines or antiviral therapies currently available to control fatal outbreaks due in part to the lack of understanding of virus-mediated immunopathology. In our study, we used hemagglutinin (HA) of H5N1 virus to investigate the related signaling pathways and their relationship to dysregulated innate immune reaction. We found the HA of H5N1 avian influenza triggered an abnormal innate immune signalling in the pulmonary epithelial cells, through an unusual process involving activation of Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) that is exclusively associated with γc chain and is essential for signaling via all γc cytokine receptors. By using a selective JAK3 inhibitor and JAK3 knockout mice, we have, for the first time, demonstrated the ability to target active JAK3 to counteract injury to the lungs and protect immunocytes from acute hypercytokinemia -induced destruction following the challenge of H5N1 HA in vitro and in vivo. On the basis of the present data, it appears that the efficacy of selective JAK3 inhibition is likely based on its ability to block multiple cytokines and protect against a superinflammatory response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) attack. Our findings highlight the potential value of selective JAK3 inhibitor in treating the fatal immunopathology caused by H5N1 challenge.
The DNA Damage Response Induces IFN

This study reveals a new complexity in the cellular response to DNA damage: activation of IFN signaling. The DNA damage response involves the rapid recruitment of repair enzymes and the activation of signal transducers that regulate cell-cycle checkpoints and cell survival. To understand the link between DNA damage and the innate cellular defense that occurs in response to many viral infections, we evaluated the effects of agents such as etoposide that promote dsDNA breaks. Treatment of human cells with etoposide led to the induction of IFN-stimulated genes and the IFN-α and IFN-λ genes. NF-κB, known to be activated in response to DNA damage, was shown to be a key regulator of this IFN gene induction. Expression of an NF-κB subunit, p65/RelA, was sufficient for induction of the human IFN-λ1 gene. In addition, NF-κB was required for the induction of IFN regulatory factor-1 and -7 that are able to stimulate expression of the IFN-α and IFN-λ genes. Cells that lack the NF-κB essential modulator lack the ability to induce the IFN genes following DNA damage. Breaks in DNA are generated during normal physiological processes of replication, transcription, and recombination, as well as by external genotoxic agents or infectious agents. The significant finding of IFN production as a stress response to DNA damage provides a new perspective on the role of IFN signaling.
The HigB/HigA toxin/antitoxin system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa influences the virulence factors pyochelin, pyocyanin, and biofilm formation

Toxin/antitoxin (TA) systems are prevalent in most bacterial and archaeal genomes, and one of the emerging physiological roles of TA systems is to help regulate pathogenicity. Although TA systems have been studied in several model organisms, few studies have investigated the role of TA systems in pseudomonads. Here, we demonstrate that the previously uncharacterized proteins HigB (unannotated) and HigA (PA4674) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 form a type II TA system in which antitoxin HigA masks the RNase activity of toxin HigB through direct binding. Furthermore, toxin HigB reduces production of the virulence factors pyochelin, pyocyanin, swarming, and biofilm formation; hence, this system affects the pathogencity of this strain in a manner that has not been demonstrated previously for TA systems.
A generic model for ridges: A new framework to characterise biological planar structures

This work introduces a new generic framework to the analysis of ridges and its application to segmentation of planar structures in bioimaging. Based on a Gaussian model, local information associated to ridges is extracted, which actually characterise them. The theoretical basis of the framework is first presented for the one-dimensional case. Its extension to higher dimensions is then shown to be straightforward by applying the same basis over the maximum curvature direction. In the particular case of 3D, this framework allows characterisation of planar structures. The potential of the methodology to segment planar structures in 3D bioimaging is illustrated with several examples.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Sequence Type 398 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate from a Danish Dairy Cow with Mastitis

ABSTRACT Livestock-associated (LA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains of sequence type 398 (ST398) colonize both humans and various livestock species. In 2016, an ST398 LA-MRSA isolate (Sa52) was collected from a Danish dairy cow with mastitis, and here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain Sa52.
CORBIN , SCOTT , AND TREAT 629 SociosexualAttitudes , Sociosexual Behaviors , andAlcohol Use

629 ABSTRACT. Objective: Prior studies have demonstrated an association between high-risk sexual behavior and alcohol use, and there is emerging evidence that dating status and sexual behavior are related to risk for subsequent alcohol use. However, relatively little is known regarding the specific attitudinal or behavioral indicators of alcohol-related risk associated with sexual behavior. The present study distinguished between sociosexual attitudes and sociosexual behaviors, two aspects of sexual risk that may contribute to individual differences in drinking behavior. The primary hypothesis was that sociosexual attitudes would indirectly contribute to heavier drinking through greater engagement in sociosexual behaviors. Method: Study hypotheses were tested using baseline data from an alcohol challenge study in a sample of young adult heavy drinkers (n = 211, 73.7% male). Participants completed surveys assessing typical drinking behavior and both sociosexual attitudes and sociosexual behaviors. Results: As hypothesized, sociosexual attitudes were indirectly related to heavier alcohol use through greater engagement in sociosexual behavior. However, the relation between sociosexual attitudes and sociosexual behaviors was stronger for men, as were the indirect effects of sociosexual attitudes on drinking behavior. Conclusions: Engagement in sociosexual behavior appears to be a risk factor for heavy alcohol use. This highlights the potential utility of targeted alcohol interventions in settings associated with sexual risk, including sexually transmitted infection clinics and college campuses. Future research should explore the mechanisms through which sociosexual behaviors contribute to drinking outcomes to further inform targeted alcohol interventions and to bolster protective factors among those who engage in sociosexual behaviors. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 77, 629–637, 2016)
Contribution of active-site residues to the function of onconase, a ribonuclease with antitumoral activity.

Onconase (ONC), a homologue of ribonuclease A (RNase A), is in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. ONC possesses a conserved active-site catalytic triad, which is composed of His10, Lys31, and His97. The three-dimensional structure of ONC suggests that two additional residues, Lys9 and an N-terminal lactam formed from a glutamine residue (Pca1), could also contribute to catalysis. To determine the role of Pca1, Lys9, and Lys31 in the function of ONC, site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace each with alanine. Values of k(cat)/K(M) for the variants were determined with a novel fluorogenic substrate, which was designed to match the nucleobase specificity of ONC and gives the highest known k(cat)/K(M) value for the enzyme. The K9A and K31A variants display 10(3)-fold lower k(cat)/K(M) values than the wild-type enzyme, and a K9A/K31A double variant suffers a >10(4)-fold decrease in catalytic activity. In addition, replacing Lys9 or Lys31 eliminates the antitumoral activity of ONC. The side chains of Pca1 and Lys9 form a hydrogen bond in crystalline ONC. Replacing Pca1 with an alanine residue lowers the catalytic activity of ONC by 20-fold. Yet, replacing Pca1 in the K9A variant enzyme does not further reduce catalytic activity, revealing that the function of the N-terminal pyroglutamate residue is to secure Lys9. The thermodynamic cycle derived from k(cat)/K(M) values indicates that the Pca1.Lys9 hydrogen bond contributes 2.0 kcal/mol to the stabilization of the rate-limiting transition state during catalysis. Finally, binding isotherms with a substrate analogue indicate that Lys9 and Lys31 contribute little to substrate binding and that the low intrinsic catalytic activity of ONC originates largely from the low affinity of the enzyme for its substrate. These findings could assist the further development of ONC as a cancer chemotherapeutic.
Unsupervised evolutionary clustering algorithm for mixed type data

In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised evolutionary clustering algorithm for mixed type data, evolutionary k-prototype algorithm (EKP). As a partitional clustering algorithm, k-prototype (KP) algorithm is a well-known one for mixed type data. However, it is sensitive to initialization and converges to local optimum easily. Global searching ability is one of the most important advantages of evolutionary algorithm (EA), so an EA framework is introduced to help KP overcome its flaws. In this study, KP is applied as a local search strategy, and runs under the control of the EA framework. Experiments on synthetic and real-life datasets show that EKP is more robust and generates much better results than KP for mixed type data.
A method for detecting modules in quantitative bipartite networks

Ecological networks are often composed of different subcommunities (often referred to as modules). Identifying such modules has the potential to develop a better understanding of the assembly of ecological communities and to investigate functional overlap or specialization. The most informative form of networks are quantitative or weighted networks. Here, we introduce an algorithm to identify modules in quantitative bipartite (or two‐mode) networks. It is based on the hierarchical random graphs concept of Clauset et al. (2008 Nature 453: 98–101) and is extended to include quantitative information and adapted to work with bipartite graphs. We define the algorithm, which we call QuanBiMo, sketch its performance on simulated data and illustrate its potential usefulness with a case study. Modules are detected with a higher accuracy in simulated quantitative networks than in their binary counterparts. Even at high levels of noise, QuanBiMo still classifies 70% of links correctly as within‐ or between‐modules. Recursively applying the algorithm results in additional information of within‐module organization of the network. The algorithm introduced here must be seen as a considerable improvement over the current standard of algorithms for binary networks. Due to its higher sensitivity, it is likely to lead to be useful for detecting modules in the typically noisy data of ecological networks.
Secure Matrix Multiplication with MapReduce

The MapReduce programming paradigm allows to process big data sets in parallel on a large cluster of commodity machines. The MapReduce users often outsource their data and computations to a public cloud provider. We focus on the fundamental problem of matrix multiplication, and address the inherent security and privacy concerns that occur when outsourcing to a public cloud. Our goal is to enhance the two state-of-the-art algorithms for MapReduce matrix multiplication with privacy guarantees such as: none of the nodes storing an input matrix can learn the other input matrix or the output matrix, and moreover, none of the nodes computing an intermediate result can learn the input or the output matrices. To achieve our goal, we rely on the well-known Paillier's cryptosystem and we use its partially homomorphic property to develop efficient algorithms that satisfy our problem statement. We develop two different approaches called Secure-Private (SP) and Collision-Resistant-Secure-Private (CRSP), and compare their trade-offs with respect to three fundamental criteria: computation cost, communication cost, and privacy guarantees. Finally, we give security proofs of our protocols.
Sense of community: Advances in measurement and application.

This article summarizes theoretical and methodological advances in the study and application of a SOC, and serves as the introduction to a special issue devoted to this subject. Four themes emerged from the review. The first was that there continues to be a search for additional measures, despite the popularity of the SOC Index (SCI). Current investigations have begun to look at individual and group level effects of a SOC. Research continues to find an important and complicated relationship between the neighborhood (as a residential community) and a SOC, contrary to the proliferation of communities that are not based on place. Research was also discovered investigating the relationship between a SOC and history, attachment, and identity. A SOC was found to be used as a catalyst for community justice and change in several national and local initiatives. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.