Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GenEth: a general ethical dilemma analyzer

Abstract We argue that ethically significant behavior of autonomous systems should be guided by explicit ethical principles determined through a consensus of ethicists. Such a consensus is likely to emerge in many areas in which intelligent autonomous systems are apt to be deployed and for the actions they are liable to undertake, as we are more likely to agree on how machines ought to treat us than on how human beings ought to treat one another. Given such a consensus, particular cases of ethical dilemmas where ethicists agree on the ethically relevant features and the right course of action can be used to help discover principles needed for ethical guidance of the behavior of autonomous systems. Such principles help ensure the ethical behavior of complex and dynamic systems and further serve as a basis for justification of this behavior. To provide assistance in discovering ethical principles, we have developed GenEth, a general ethical dilemma analyzer that, through a dialog with ethicists, uses inductive logic programming to codify ethical principles in any given domain. GenEth has been used to codify principles in a number of domains pertinent to the behavior of autonomous systems and these principles have been verified using an Ethical Turing Test, a test devised to compare the judgments of codified principles with that of ethicists.
Phosphatidylcholine Affects Inner Membrane Protein Translocases of Mitochondria*

Two protein translocases transport precursor proteins into or across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The presequence translocase (TIM23 complex) sorts precursor proteins with a cleavable presequence either into the matrix or into the inner membrane. The carrier translocase (TIM22 complex) inserts multispanning proteins into the inner membrane. Both protein import pathways depend on the presence of a membrane potential, which is generated by the activity of the respiratory chain. The non-bilayer-forming phospholipids cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine are required for the activity of the respiratory chain and therefore to maintain the membrane potential for protein import. Depletion of cardiolipin further affects the stability of the TIM23 complex. The role of bilayer-forming phospholipids like phosphatidylcholine (PC) in protein transport into the inner membrane and the matrix is unknown. Here, we report that import of presequence-containing precursors and carrier proteins is impaired in PC-deficient mitochondria. Surprisingly, depletion of PC does not affect stability and activity of respiratory supercomplexes, and the membrane potential is maintained. Instead, the dynamic TIM23 complex is destabilized when the PC levels are reduced, whereas the TIM22 complex remains intact. Our analysis further revealed that initial precursor binding to the TIM23 complex is impaired in PC-deficient mitochondria. We conclude that reduced PC levels differentially affect the TIM22 and TIM23 complexes in mitochondrial protein transport.
Eradicating DNS Rebinding with the Extended Same-origin Policy

The Web's principal security policy is the Same-Origin Policy (SOP), which enforces origin-based isolation of mutually distrusting Web applications. Since the early days, the SOP was repeatedly undermined with variants of the DNS Rebinding attack, allowing untrusted script code to gain illegitimate access to protected network resources. To counter these attacks, the browser vendors introduced countermeasures, such as DNS Pinning, to mitigate the attack. In this paper, we present a novel DNS Rebinding attack method leveraging the HTML5 Application Cache. Our attack allows reliable DNS Rebinding attacks, circumventing all currently deployed browser-based defense measures. Furthermore, we analyze the fundamental problem which allows DNS Rebinding to work in the first place: The SOP's main purpose is to ensure security boundaries of Web servers. However, the Web servers themselves are only indirectly involved in the corresponding security decision. Instead, the SOP relies on information obtained from the domain name system, which is not necessarily controlled by the Web server's owners. This mismatch is exploited by DNS Rebinding. Based on this insight, we propose a light-weight extension to the SOP which takes Web server provided information into account. We successfully implemented our extended SOP for the Chromium Web browser and report on our implementation's interoperability and security properties.
Gene Transfer of an Engineered Transcription Factor Promoting Expression of VEGF-A Protects Against Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy is a common, irreversible complication of diabetes. We investigated whether gene transfer of an engineered zinc finger protein transcription factor (ZFP-TF) designed to upregulate expression of the endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A gene could protect against experimental diabetic neuropathy. ZFP-TF–driven activation of the endogenous gene results in expression of all of the VEGF-A isoforms, a fact that may be of significance for recapitulation of the proper biological responses stimulated by this potent neuroprotective growth factor. We show here that this engineered ZFP-TF activates VEGF-A in appropriate cells in culture and that the secreted VEGF-A protein induced by the ZFP protects neuroblastoma cell lines from a serum starvation insult in vitro. Importantly, single and repeat intramuscular injections of formulated plasmid DNA encoding the VEGF-A–activating ZFP-TF resulted in protection of both sensory and motor nerve conduction velocities in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetes. These data suggest that VEGF-A–activating ZFP-TFs may ultimately be of clinical utility in the treatment of this disease.
Early event‐related cortical activity originating in the frontal eye fields and inferior parietal lobe predicts the occurrence of correct and error saccades

Although the cortical circuitry underlying saccade execution has well been specified by neurophysiological and functional imaging studies, the temporal dynamics of cortical activity predicting the occurrence of voluntary or reflexive saccades in humans are largely unknown. Here, we examined electrophysiological activity preceding the onset of correct (i.e., voluntary) or error (i.e., reflexive) saccades in an oculomotor capture task. Participants executed saccades to lateralized visual targets while attempting to inhibit reflexive glances to abruptly appearing distracters. Since the visual display was identical for both types of saccades, different electrophysiological patterns preceding correct and error saccades could not be explained by low‐level perceptual differences. Compared to correct saccades electrophysiological activity preceding error saccades showed significant differences of the scalp electric field and of voltage amplitudes at posterior electrodes. In addition, though error saccades had significantly shorter latency than correct saccades a prolonged topographic configuration of electric potentials prior to error saccades was found ∼120–140 ms following target onset. In agreement with the known asymmetry in hemispheric dominance for spatial attention, distinct electrophysiological patterns were only found for leftward saccades. While error saccades were associated with stronger activity in the right Frontal Eye Field, correct saccades were preceded by stronger activity in the inferior parietal lobule. These findings suggest that selection of the saccade target in a conflicting situation is determined by early top‐down biases originating in frontal and parietal cortical regions critical for spatial attention and saccade programming. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A taxonomy of identities management systems in IOT

Internet of Things viewed as Future Internet aims to provide the capacities for each physical entity to be connected to the Internet and to establish its requirements services or to be attached to a distributed system computing. Therefore, each object must have its identity (ies) that permits accomplishing the authentication and authorization phases before beginning every secure transaction. Hence, the number of identities increase at least according to the number of connected object. Today, several challenges such as security, privacy and identities management must be taken into account. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy of identities management systems (IDMS) in Internet of Things (IOT) relying on the viewpoint of paradigms and models. We present the core components of an Identity management system. Discuss the different types of IDMS paradigms such as User Centric, Application and Network Centric. Also, we present a comparative analysis of Identity management models: - user model, service provider (SP) model, Combining user and SP model in the form of Taxonomy and we discussed the Related Works of IDMS of IOT.
A Novel Planar Parasitic Array Antenna With Reconfigurable Azimuth Pattern

This letter presents a novel planar parasitic array antenna. The proposed antenna, which covers 5.2-GHz WLAN frequency band, can provide reconfigurable azimuth pattern with the beamwidth of about 60 °, while the elevation pattern has a stable beamwidth of about 155°. Compared to conventional switched array antennas, this antenna has simple structure and low profile. By maintaining the beamwidth and resonant frequency as relatively constant, the reconfigurable azimuth pattern is realized by controlling the states of p-i-n diodes. The practical antenna with control circuit is fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results are in a good agreement.
Neuro-Self Tuning Adaptive Controller for Non-Linear Dynamical Systems

In this paper, a self-tuning adaptive neural controller strategy for unknown nonlinear system is presented. The system considered is described by an unknown NARMA-L2 model and a feedforward neural network is used to learn the model with two stages. The first stage is learned off-line with two configuration serial-parallel model & parallel model to ensure that model output is equal to actual output of the system & to find the jacobain of the system. Which appears to be of critical importance parameter as it is used for the feedback controller and the second stage is learned on-line to modify the weights of the model in order to control the variable parameters that will occur to the system. A back propagation neural network is applied to learn the control structure for self-tuning PID type neurocontroller. Where the neural network is used to minimize the error function by adjusting the PID gains. Simulation results show that the self-tuning PID scheme can deal with a large unknown nonlinearity. Keyword: Self-Tuning, Neural Network, Adaptive Controller.
Sequential phenotypic constraints on social information use in wild baboons

Social information allows the rapid dissemination of novel information among individuals. However, an individual’s ability to use information is likely to be dependent on phenotypic constraints operating at three successive steps: acquisition, application, and exploitation. We tested this novel framework by quantifying the sequential process of social information use with experimental food patches in wild baboons (Papio ursinus). We identified phenotypic constraints at each step of the information use sequence: peripheral individuals in the proximity network were less likely to acquire and apply social information, while subordinate females were less likely to exploit it successfully. Social bonds and personality also played a limiting role along the sequence. As a result of these constraints, the average individual only acquired and exploited social information on <25% and <5% of occasions. Our study highlights the sequential nature of information use and the fundamental importance of phenotypic constraints on this sequence. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.13125. 001
A Comparison of Cross-Informant Behavior Ratings in School-Based Diagnosis

Low levels of agreement between adolescents and their parents or teachers on various cross-informant behavior rating scales have been reported in the literature. It is unclear whether one source of this inconsistency is adolescents’ tendency to underreport or overreport their behavioral problems relative to adult informants. The Child Behavior Checklist and its related forms were completed for a group of boys referred for school-based assessments due to academic and/or behavioral problems. Comparisons between the ratings of adolescents and their parents and teachers revealed little correspondence among informants, especially between adolescents and either their parents or teachers. Adolescents consistently under-reported behavioral problems relative to parents and teachers regardless of sub-sequent diagnosis (i.e., behavioral disorder, learning disability, or not diagnosed). Implications of this lack of agreement between adolescents’ self-reports and adult ratings in the school-based diagnosis of behavioral disorders are discussed.
Cyclostationarity-Based Robust Algorithms for QAM Signal Identification

This letter proposes two novel algorithms for the identification of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals. The cyclostationarity-based features used by these algorithms are robust with respect to timing, phase, and frequency offsets, and phase noise. Based on theoretical analysis and simulations, the identification performance of the proposed algorithms compares favorably with that of alternative approaches.
A hybrid evolutionary algorithm for traveling salesman problem

This work details the development of a hybrid evolutionary algorithm for solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP). The strategy of the algorithm is to complement and extend the successful results of a genetic algorithm (GA) using a distance preserving crossover (DPX) by incorporating memory in the form of ant pheromone during the city selection process. The synergistic combination of the DPX-GA with city selection based on probability determined by both distance and previous success incorporates additional information into the search mechanism. This combination into a hybrid GA facilitates finding quality solutions for TSP problems with lower computation complexity. This study represents a preliminary investigation with direct comparison to show the feasibility and promise of this hybrid approach.
Assembly of Myelin by Association of Proteolipid Protein with Cholesterol- and Galactosylceramide-Rich Membrane Domains

Myelin is a specialized membrane enriched in glycosphingolipids and cholesterol that contains a limited spectrum of proteins. We investigated the assembly of myelin components by oligodendrocytes and analyzed the role of lipid–protein interactions in this process. Proteolipid protein (PLP), the major myelin protein, was recovered from cultured oligodendrocytes from a low-density CHAPS-insoluble membrane fraction (CIMF) enriched in myelin lipids. PLP associated with the CIMF after leaving the endoplasmic reticulum but before exiting the Golgi apparatus, suggesting that myelin lipid and protein components assemble in the Golgi complex. The specific association of PLP with myelin lipids in CIMF was supported by the finding that it was efficiently cross-linked to photoactivable cholesterol, but not to phosphatidylcholine, which is underrepresented in both myelin and CIMF. Furthermore, depletion of cholesterol or inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis in oligodendrocytes abolished the association of PLP with CIMF. Thus, PLP may be recruited to myelin rafts, represented by CIMF, via lipid–protein interactions. In contrast to oligodendrocytes, after transfection in BHK cells, PLP is absent from isolated CIMF, suggesting that PLP requires specific lipids for raft association. In mice deficient in the enzyme ceramide galactosyl transferase, which cannot synthesize the main myelin glycosphingolipids, a large fraction of PLP no longer associates with rafts. Formation of a cholesterol- and galactosylceramide-rich membrane domain (myelin rafts) may be critical for the sorting of PLP and assembly of myelin in oligodendrocytes.
Gerechtigkeit als innerdeutsches Problem : gesamtes Erhebungsinstrumentarium

Alle in der Langsschnittuntersuchung „Gerechtigkeit als innerdeutsches Problem„ (GiP) verwendeten Messinstrumente sind in diesem Bericht in chronologischer Reihenfolge zusammengestellt. In der Einfuhrung werden die Fragestellung des Projekts kurz zusammengefasst, der Untersuchungsplan berichtet, die Stichprobe beschrieben und Hinweise auf weitere Quellen gegeben. Die zusammengestellten Fragebogen wurden als PDF-Dateien ins Internet gestellt und sind uber die Homepage des Projekts erreichbar. This report compiles, in chronological order, all measurement instruments that were used in the longitudinal study „Justice Issues in United Germany“. The research question, the design, and the sample of the study are briefly described in an introductory section. All questionnaires are available as PDF-files and can be accessed via the project homepage.
Beardwood-Halton-Hammersley Theorem for Stationary Ergodic Sequences: Construction of a Counterexample

We construct a stationary ergodic process {X1, X2, X3 . } such that each Xt, 1 ≤ t <∞, has the uniform distribution on the unit square and the length Ln of the shortest path through {X1, X2, . , Xn} is not asymptotic to a constant times the square root of n. In other words, we show that the Beardwood, Halton and Hammersley theorem does not extend from the case of independent uniformly distributed random variables to the case of stationary ergodic sequences with the uniform stationary distribution. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): Primary 60D05, 90B15; Secondary 60F15, 60G10, 60G55, 90C27.
Cluster Reverberation: a mechanism for robust short-term memory without synaptic learning

Short-term memory cannot in general be explained the way long-term memory can – as a gradual modification of synaptic conductances – since it takes place too quickly. Theories based on some form of cellular bistability, however, do not seem to be able to account for the fact that noisy neurons can collectively store information in a robust manner. We show how a sufficiently clustered network of simple model neurons can be instantly induced into metastable states capable of retaining information for a short time. Cluster Reverberation, as we call it, could constitute a viable mechanism available to the brain for robust short-term memory with no need of synaptic learning. Relevant phenomena described by neurobiology and psychology, such as power-law statistics of forgetting avalanches, emerge naturally from this mechanism.
Models and Theories of Addiction and the Rehabilitation Counselor

INTRODUCTION The models used by alcohol and substance abuse facilities do not provide the activities required to correct the issues of alcohol and substance abuse. Counselors must create a new disease model within the rehabilitation practice that will improve disease prevention and intervention. They need to concentrate in assisting individuals to change their use of drugs and alcohol. Counselors need to study and develop multi-faceted drug intervention programs that are " drug specific " to the addiction at hand. One size does not fit all. An individual who is addicted to meth should not be treated the same as an individual who is addicted to heroin. The craving or call for the drugs is similar, but the field has to be open minded enough to allow for individual variations within the addiction treatment model. This paper will identify when a counselor assists individuals in recovery as being more than just overcoming addiction to drugs/alcohol. It will identify that recovery is in all aspects of This paper will introduce the suggestion of labeling as a bad influence for people in recovery. When we label a person as an " addict " , we immobilize them to remain in this structure. When a person overcomes their addiction, whatever that might be, they should no longer remain in the realm of an " addict. " When we label a person as a " felon " , we assist them to remain in that realm. When people have served their time in prison for committing a crime (felony), society should not hold them back with the label of " felon. " When they completed their time in prison they moved toward a more successful life. When society labels them a felon only assists them to remain in a prison world even though they are supposedly free. 2 If counselors are to be a positive and relevant component in this field and assist societies and communities in understanding and managing these problems, we should provide services that produce positive-end results. We require support from all subsequent systems to effectively provide effective services. This paper will introduce how rehabilitation counselors should interview and obtain the whole story of the client. By listening and being empathetic, the counselor will usually obtain enough information to develop goals for the client that will enhance significant changes in client's positive thinking skills and positive behaviors. Importance of multicultural counseling will …
Selective Suppression of Interleukin-12 Induction after Macrophage Receptor Ligation

Interleukin (IL)-12 is a monocyte- and macrophage-derived cytokine that plays a crucial role in both the innate and the acquired immune response. In this study, we examined the effects that ligating specific macrophage receptors had on the induction of IL-12 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We report that ligation of the macrophage Fcγ, complement, or scavenger receptors inhibited the induction of IL-12 by LPS. Both mRNA synthesis and protein secretion were diminished to near-undetectable levels following receptor ligation. Suppression was specific to IL-12 since IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production were not inhibited by ligating macrophage receptors. The results of several different experimental approaches suggest that IL-12 downregulation was due to extracellular calcium influxes that resulted from receptor ligation. First, preventing extracellular calcium influxes, by performing the assays in EGTA, abrogated FcγR-mediated IL-12(p40) mRNA suppression. Second, exposure of macrophages to the calcium ionophores, ionomycin or A23187, mimicked receptor ligation and inhibited IL-12(p40) mRNA induction by LPS. Finally, bone marrow–derived macrophages from FcR γ chain–deficient mice, which fail to flux calcium after receptor ligation, failed to inhibit IL-12(p40) mRNA induction. These results indicate that the calcium influxes that occur as a result of receptor ligation are responsible for inhibiting the induction of IL-12 by LPS. Hence, the ligation of phagocytic receptors on macrophages can lead to a dramatic decrease in IL-12 induction. This downregulation may be a way of limiting proinflammatory responses of macrophages to extracellular pathogens, or suppressing the development of cell-mediated immunity to intracellular pathogens.