Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MRI detects protective effects of DAPT treatment with modulation of microglia/macrophages at subacute and chronic stages following cerebral ischemia

Notch homolog 1 (Notch 1) signaling is regarded as a potential therapeutic target for modulating the inflammatory response and exhibiting neuroprotective effects in cerebral injury following stroke. N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t‑butylester (DAPT) efficiently inhibits activation of the Notch 1 signaling pathway in microglia and may protect brain tissue from ischemic damage. However, the temporal proliferation and morphological alterations of microglia/macrophages throughout progression of the disease, as well as the comprehensive alterations of the whole brain following DAPT treatment, remain to be elucidated. The present study evaluated the temporal proliferation and the morphological alterations of microglia/macrophages over the period of the subacute and chronic stages, in addition to dynamic alterations of brain tissue, using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method, following DAPT treatment. Sprague‑Dawley rats (n=40) were subjected to 90 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion and were treated with DAPT (n=20) or acted as controls with no treatment (n=20). The two groups of rats underwent MRI scans prior to the induction of stroke symptoms and at 24 h, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days following the stroke. A total of five rats from each group were sacrificed at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days following induction of stroke. Compared with control rats, the MRI data of the ipsilateral striatum in treated rats revealed ameliorated brain edema at the subacute stage and recovered brain tissue at the chronic stage. In addition to this, treatment attenuated the round‑shape and promoted a ramified‑shape of microglia/macrophages. The present study confirmed the protective effect of DAPT treatment by dynamically monitoring the cerebral alterations and indicated the possibility of DAPT treatment to alter microglial characteristics to induce a protective effect, via inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway.
Size Effects of Nanocomplex on Tumor Associated Macrophages Targeted Delivery for Glioma

The size of functional nanocomplexes, which targets the brain tumor associated macrophages nanocomplex plays a very important role in their interaction with cells involving uptake, release and targeting selectivity. The size effects of nanocomplex on cell-based targeted delivery were studied to investigate if this phenomenon can be employed to combine the targeting peptide to provide a selective tumor associated macrophages targeted delivery system for anti-glioma therapy. Paclitaxel (PTX) was loaded into a core-shell structure of nanocomplex (PTX-Nanocomplex). Three different sizes of PTX-nanocomplex were prepared through nanoprecipitation. Rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) peptide was conjugated to PTX-nanocomplex to form RVG-PTX-nanocomplex. Uptake, release, transportation and anti-glioma activities were studied in in vitro by using bone marrow derived macrophages (BMM) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), human glioma U87 cells, and neurons. The resulting RVG-PTX-nanocomplex had a spherical shape, with the size of 72 nm (small), 138 nm (medium), and 220 nm (large). The large-size RVG-PTX-nanocomplex showed greater uptake by BMM, but did not take by neurons. Co-cultivation of U87 and TAMs pre-loaded with largesize RVG-PTX-nanocomplexes provided significant anti-glioma activities. More importantly, large-size RVG-PTXnanocomplexes were selectively targeted to TAMs and effectively transported to U87 cells with lower side effects. We concluded that the large-size RVG-PTX-nanocomplex had promising potential uses in the TAMs targeted delivery system for glioma therapy.
Dietary intakes of carbohydrates in relation to prostate cancer risk: a prospective study in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort.

BACKGROUND Dietary carbohydrates have been implicated in relation to prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the associations between dietary intakes of carbohydrates, fiber, and their food sources and risk of prostate cancer, overall and by case severity, in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. DESIGN The analysis included 8128 men aged 45-73 y without a history of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes and who were classified as adequate energy reporters. After a median follow-up time of 15 y, prostate cancer was diagnosed in 817 men. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to model associations between energy-adjusted nutrient and food intakes with risk of incident prostate cancer, with competing risk of death from non-prostate cancer causes taken into account. RESULTS After adjustment for age and other known or potential risk factors, we observed no associations between total carbohydrates or dietary fiber and prostate cancer. We observed positive associations between the intake of low-fiber cereals with overall and low-risk prostate cancer and between intakes of cake and biscuits and rice and pasta with low-risk prostate cancer (all P-trend < 0.05). A high intake compared with zero consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with increased risk of symptomatic prostate cancer (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.84). CONCLUSIONS Results from this large study with high-validity dietary data suggest that a high intake of refined carbohydrates may be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. However we observed no significant associations with high-risk prostate cancer, and not all foods that are typically high in refined carbohydrates were associated with prostate cancer.
Human Mutation

INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France D.R. U.M. Team, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France Service de Génétique, Institut Curie Hôpital, Paris, France Service Génétique des Tumeurs, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Centre de Référence des, Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Paris, France GRC n°19, Pathologies Congénitales du Cervelet‐LeucoDystrophies, Hôpital Armand Trousseau (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France INSERM U1141, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France Département de Génétique Médicale (GHUEP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau (APHP), Paris, France Génétique Chromosomique, Centre Hospitalier Metropole Savoie, Chambéry‐ Hôtel‐Dieu, Chambéry, France Centre de ressources Biologiques, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France Unité de Neuropédiatrie, CHU Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne‐Paris‐ Cité, Paris, France
Seminoma of Testis Masquerading as Orchitis in an Adult with Paraplegia: Proposed Measures to Avoid Delay in Diagnosing Testicular Tumours in Spinal Cord Injury Patients

Orchitis is common in adult male spinal cord injury (SCI) patients and, therefore, both health professionals and SCI patients themselves tend to attribute testicular swelling to orchitis, with a consequent potential delay in the diagnosis of testicular tumours. A 37-year-old man with paraplegia developed swelling of the right testis. With a presumptive diagnosis of acute bacterial orchitis, he was prescribed ciprofloxacin while awaiting an ultrasound scan. Ultrasound examination of the testis 4 weeks later showed a moderate hydrocele, enlargement and altered echogenicity of both the epididymis and testis, and features of mass-like lesions within the substance of the testis. As these changes might merely have represented a partly treated infection, a follow-up scan was carried out 2 weeks later, which revealed a lobulated mass of mixed echogenicity within the testis and a focal area of increased echogenicity indicative of calcification. A radical orchidectomy performed 19 days later revealed a seminoma. To prevent delay in the diagnosis of testicular tumours in SCI patients, we propose the following measures: (1) patients who develop swelling of the testis should consult a physician as soon as possible for clinical examination; blind antibiotic therapy should be avoided if possible; (2) if clinical examination reveals a hard swelling of the testis and the typical features of acute urinary infection are absent, an ultrasound scan of the scrotum should be performed as soon as possible; (3) in patients with equivocal ultrasound findings, ultrasound-guided, fine-needle aspiration cytology may allow an early diagnosis of testicular malignancy; (4) education of SCI patients and their caregivers is needed to implement these recommendations.
Do poor-responder patients undergoing IVF benefit from splitting and increasing the daily gonadotropin dose?

Abstract We aim to retrospectively evaluate the role of increasing the gonadotropin daily dose from 450 IU/day to 300 IU twice a day on IVF-ET outcome in poor responder patients. All consecutive women admitted to our IVF unit and underwent COH consisting of daily gonadotropin dose of 450 IU, followed by an IVF cycle using 300 IU twice a day, were included. Ovarian stimulation characteristics, number of oocytes retrieved, number of embryo transferred and pregnancy rate was assessed. Twenty-three patients undergoing both cycles were evaluated. While there was no between-group difference in the duration of COH, number of 2PN embryos, fertilization rate and number of embryos transferred, patients receiving daily gonadotropin 300 IU twice a day achieved a significantly higher peak estradiol levels (3350.39 ± 2364.26 vs. 2223.74 ± 1299.91; p < .03, respectively), and yielded significantly higher number of follicles >15 mm in diameter on day of hCG administration (3.2 ± 2.4 vs 1.8 ± 1; p < .03, respectively) and higher number of oocytes retrieved (3.48 ± 2.54 vs 1.87 ± 1.1; p < .02, respectively) with an acceptable live birth rate (5%). To conclude, in poor responders undergoing COH a daily gonadotropin dose of 450 IU, increasing the dose to 300 IU twice daily may result in higher oocyte yield, with the possible improvement in IVF outcome.
What You Do.

What if someone told you that beauty is simply a mathematical equation? Leonardo of Pisa, who was known as Fibonacci, introduced a sequence of numbers to Western civiliz ation in 1202. This sequence, called the Fibonacci sequence, reveals a series of relationships that reflects much of the physical structure of nature. Starting with 0 and 1, each new number in the series is simply the sum of the two before it: 0+1=1+2=3+5=8+13=21 and so on. Now the beauty part. When you divide a number in the sequence by the number before it, the ratio approximates the number phi (1.618.) (Ignore the 0, 1 and 2). As 5 divided by 3 is 1.666. , and 8 divided by 5 is 1.60. The Golden Ratio, which is a ratio based on phi, was used by the Egyptians to create their glorious pyramids, by the Greeks to design the famed Parthenon and by artists in the Renaissance as the measurement of all beauty. The Golden Ratio is also known as the Golden Mean, Golden Section and Divine Proportion. The Golden Ratio is seen in the proportions of the human body, animals, plants, DNA, the solar system and in the proportions of Art and Architecture. And that's just the beginning! In this activity, your child will develop her mathematical thinking and expand her intellectual horiz ons as she builds a growth spiral-a spiral found in nature that can be predicted by the Fibonacci sequence. 1. Tape graph paper together so that you have at least 56 squares across and 38 up and down. Plus, make sure to leave a two-square border all around. 2. From the left border, count 36 squares in. Then count 8 squares up from the bottom border. Draw a rectangle on the 8th square up (36 in) that is 1 square wide and 2 squares tall. Outline each square of the rectangle so that you have two squares, 1 by 1, stacked on top of each other. 3. Directly to the right of this stack make a square that is 2 blocks wide by 2 blocks tall. You don't need to outline the sqaures for this shape or any of the other shapes you make from this point on. Make sure the ends of both the rectangle (that you first drew) and the square line up with one another. You don't want the shapes to be staggered. 4. On top of …
Impact of Lexical Parameters and Audibility on the Recognition of the Freiburg Monosyllabic Speech Test

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: Correct word recognition is generally determined by audibility, but lexical parameters also play a role. The focus of this study was to examine both the impact of audibility and lexical parameters on speech recognition of test words of the clinical German Freiburg monosyllabic speech test, and subsequently on the perceptual imbalance of test lists observed in the literature. Design: For 160 participants with normal hearing that were divided into three groups with different simulated hearing thresholds, monaural speech recognition for the Freiburg monosyllabic speech test was obtained via headphones in quiet at different presentation levels. A software manipulated the original speech material to simulate two different hearing thresholds. All monosyllables were classified according to their frequency of occurrence in contemporary language and the number of lexical neighbors using the Cross-Linguistic Easy-Access Resource for Phonological and Orthographic Neighborhood Density database. Generalized linear mixed-effects regression models were used to evaluate the influences of audibility in terms of the Speech Intelligibility Index and lexical properties of the monosyllables in terms of word frequency (WF) and neighborhood density (ND) on the observed speech recognition per word and per test list, respectively. Results: Audibility and interactions of audibility with WF and ND correctly predicted identification of the individual monosyllables. Test list recognition was predicted by test list choice, audibility, and ND, as well as by interactions of WF and test list, audibility and ND, ND and test list, and audibility per test list. Conclusions: Observed differences in speech recognition of the Freiburg monosyllabic speech test, which are well reported in the literature, depend not only on audibility but also on WF, neighborhood density, and test list choice and their interactions. The authors conclude that future creations of speech test material should take these lexical parameters into account.
Automated reduction of attack surface using call graph enumeration

There have been many research efforts on detecting vulnerability such as model checking and formal method. However, according to Rice's theorem, checking whether a program contains vulnerable code by static checking is undecidable in general. In this paper, we propose a method of attack surface reduction using enumeration of call graph. Proposal system is divided into two steps: enumerating edge E[Function Fi, Function Fi+1] and constructing call graph by recursive search of [E1, E2, En]. Proposed method enables us to find the sum of paths of which leaf node is vulnerable function VF. Also, root node RF of call graph is part of program which is open to attacker. Therefore, call graph [VF, RF] can be eliminated according the situation where the program is running. We apply proposal method to the real programs (Xen) and extracts the attack surface of CVE-2013-4371. These vulnerabilities are classified into two class: use-after-free and assertion failure. Also, numerical result is shown in searching attack surface of Xen with different search depth of constructing call graph.
Cognitive performance in antidepressant‐free recurrent major depressive disorder

Cognitive complaints are common in depression, and cognition may be an important treatment target as cognitive problems often remain during remission and may contribute to recurrence risk. Previous studies of cognitive performance in depression have mainly examined late‐life depression, with a focus on older adults, or assessed performance in specific cognitive tasks rather than cognitive domains.
Emotion regulation and well-being in primary classrooms situated in low-socioeconomic communities.

BACKGROUND Although emotion is central to most models of children's well-being, few studies have looked at how well-being is related to the ways in which children regulate their emotions. AIMS The aim of this study was to examine the associations among children's emotion regulation strategy choice and their emotional expression, behaviour, and well-being. The study also investigated whether contextual factors influenced the emotion regulation strategies children chose to use. SAMPLE Participants (N = 33) were selected from four Year 5/6 composite classrooms situated in low-socioeconomic urban communities in New Zealand. METHOD Questionnaires were used to measure children's well-being and teacher-reported emotional and behavioural problems. Emotional expression and emotion regulation strategies were measured through video-recorded observations in the classroom. A total of 1,184 instances of emotion regulation strategy use were coded using a framework based on Gross' process model of emotion regulation. RESULTS The findings highlight the complexity of the relations among emotion regulation, emotion expression, and well-being. Some strategies, such as Cognitive Reappraisal, were effective at upregulating negative emotion in the short term, yet not strongly associated with well-being. Others, such as Situation Modification: Physical, were positively associated with well-being, yet not with an immediate change in a child's emotional experience. The findings also suggest children flexibly use different strategies in relation to different contextual demands. CONCLUSION These findings may be used to guide future intervention efforts which target emotion regulation strategy use as well as those which focus on teachers' support of children during emotionally challenging situations.
Optimizing Regularized Cholesky Score for Order-Based Learning of Bayesian Networks

Bayesian networks are a class of popular graphical models that encode causal and conditional independence relations among variables by directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). We propose a novel structure learning method, annealing on regularized Cholesky score (ARCS), to search over topological sorts, or permutations of nodes, for a high-scoring Bayesian network. Our scoring function is derived from regularizing Gaussian DAG likelihood, and its optimization gives an alternative formulation of the sparse Cholesky factorization problem from a statistical viewpoint. We combine simulated annealing over permutation space with a fast proximal gradient algorithm, operating on triangular matrices of edge coefficients, to compute the score of any permutation. Combined, the two approaches allow us to quickly and effectively search over the space of DAGs without the need to verify the acyclicity constraint or to enumerate possible parent sets given a candidate topological sort. The annealing aspect of the optimization is able to consistently improve the accuracy of DAGs learned by greedy and deterministic search algorithms. In addition, we develop several techniques to facilitate the structure learning, including pre-annealing data-driven tuning parameter selection and post-annealing constraint-based structure refinement. Through extensive numerical comparisons, we show that ARCS outperformed existing methods by a substantial margin, demonstrating its great advantage in structure learning of Bayesian networks from both observational and experimental data. We also establish the consistency of our scoring function in estimating topological sorts and DAG structures in the large-sample limit. Source code of ARCS is available at https://github.com/yeqiaoling/arcs_bn.
Professionally delivered interventions for gambling disorder.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To assess recent developments in professionally delivered interventions for gambling disorder. RECENT FINDINGS During the past 24 months a number of reviews and individual studies have been published. Collectively they assess the efficacy and effectiveness of a range of interventions and identify methodological and other shortcomings. These studies advance knowledge with respect to pharmacological and psychological treatments including brief interventions delivered face-to-face and in other ways. Increased attention has been given to patient diversity, comorbidity, relapse, and nongambling outcomes. A variety of novel interventions have been developed and assessed. SUMMARY CBT and brief interventions remain well supported and appear to be similarly effective across varied patient groups. A range of promising new and combination treatments have been developed that require further evaluation. Larger, more robust pragmatic trials are required with diverse populations. Increased attention needs to be given to mechanisms of change, therapy mediators, patient retention, comorbidities, long-term treatment outcome, and relapse prevention.
The Use of Twitter by Plastic Surgery Journals

Background: Social media have revolutionized the way we access information. Twitter is the most popular microblogging website and has become a tool for plastic surgery journals to connect with the greater academic community and public. The purpose of this study was to objectively assess the use of Twitter by plastic surgery journals. Methods: Twelve plastic surgery journals were searched on Twitter. The following data were collected: age of Twitter profile, number of followers and tweets posted, and whether the journal’s website had a link to Twitter or another social media website. All tweets were reviewed from May to July of 2017 inclusive, and the level of evidence of each original article posted in the tweets was recorded. Impact factor and Klout score (a social media influence score) were collected for all journals. Results: Six of 12 plastic journals had a Twitter profile. The most social media–influencing journal in plastic surgery was Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. This was followed by the Aesthetic Surgery Journal and the Journal of Hand Surgery (American and European Volumes). The presence of a Twitter profile was not associated with a higher impact factor for the journal. The Klout score was correlated with impact factor. Since joining Twitter, five of the six journals with Twitter profiles experienced increases in their impact factor. Conclusion: Twitter can be a quick and easy-to-use tool to increase exposure to evidence-based information from academic journals in plastic surgery.
A group VII ethylene response factor gene, ZmEREB180, coordinates waterlogging tolerance in maize seedlings

Summary Group VII ethylene response factors (ERFVIIs) play important roles in ethylene signalling and plant responses to flooding. However, natural ERFVII variations in maize (ZmERFVIIs) that are directly associated with waterlogging tolerance have not been reported. Here, a candidate gene association analysis of the ZmERFVII gene family showed that a waterlogging‐responsive gene, ZmEREB180, was tightly associated with waterlogging tolerance. ZmEREB180 expression specifically responded to waterlogging and was up‐regulated by ethylene; in addition, its gene product localized to the nucleus. Variations in the 5ʹ‐untranslated region (5ʹ‐UTR) and mRNA abundance of this gene under waterlogging conditions were significantly associated with survival rate (SR). Ectopic expression of ZmEREB180 in Arabidopsis increased the SR after submergence stress, and overexpression of ZmEREB180 in maize also enhanced the SR after long‐term waterlogging stress, apparently through enhanced formation of adventitious roots (ARs) and regulation of antioxidant levels. Transcriptomic assays of the transgenic maize line under normal and waterlogged conditions further provided evidence that ZmEREB180 regulated AR development and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Our study provides direct evidence that a ZmERFVII gene is involved in waterlogging tolerance. These findings could be applied directly to breed waterlogging‐tolerant maize cultivars and improve our understanding of waterlogging stress.