Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetes and Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Among Medical Students in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital: An Observational Study.

BACKGROUND The management of Diabetes Mellitus and its important complication Diabetic Ketoacidosis is very crucial in today's world where the prevalence of Diabetes is very high. Medical students are the pillars of our future healthcare system and it is important to evaluate and update their knowledge and awareness regarding these both conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a cross-sectional; Questionnaire based observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. The respondents were final year MBBS students of that college. Study instrument was a self developed, pre-validated, semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 73 questionnaires were considered for analysis, giving a response rate of 90.12% with 43.83% and 56.16% were male and female respondents respectively. About 81.25% and 90.24% of male and female respondents gave correct answer to question related to the best indicator of glycemic control. Lack of knowledge was seen regarding the world Diabetes day. Approximately 37% of the respondent's parents were diabetic. Only 12 out of 73 respondents were aware about the factors leading to DKA.8 out of 73 were aware about investigations to be done in DKA. Around 43.84% of responders knew regarding the proper screening duration in person with risk of diabetes. CONCLUSION From the study it was concluded that most of the students have basic knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus, its clinical features and management etc but only 50 % of the respondent were aware about DKA and further teaching and post teaching evaluation are needed in future direction.
Unsupervised Adaptive Non-intrusive Load Monitoring System

Efficient use of energy is an important research topic of the smart grid. Load monitoring is an integral part of energy management, convenient information, communication technology, and sensor applications. So far, many monitoring techniques have been developed, and non-intrusive load monitoring is one of them. In order to achieve the complete non-intrusive concept and to adapt to the changes in the environment, this paper proposes the adaptive non-intrusive load monitoring system framework that applied in the monitoring system, taking low frequency acquisition and steady-state feature extraction for reducing its setup costs. The method adopts unsupervised learning, which builds classifier in load state by Gaussian mixture model (GMM)/ Sequential Expectation-maximization (SEM) and does adaptive fine-tuning for the system by online data. The results show that the framework can adapt the changes in the environment and detect new unknown state for providing a more complete on-line monitoring system solution.
Inhibition of Caspase-1-Like Activity by Ac-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-Chloromethyl Ketone Induces Long-Lasting Neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemia through Apoptosis Reduction and Decrease of Proinflammatory Cytokines

Broad spectrum caspase inhibitors have been found to reduce neurodegeneration caused by cerebral ischemia. We studied whether blockade of group I caspases, mainly caspase-1, using the inhibitor Ac-YVAD.cmk reduced infarct volume and produced prolonged neuroprotection. Ac-YVAD.cmk (300 ng/rat) was injected intracerebroventricularly 10 min after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Drug treatment induced a significant reduction of infarct volume not only 24 hr after ischemia (total damage, percentage of hemisphere volume: control, 41.1 ± 2.3%; treated, 26.5 ± 2.1%; p < 0.05) but also 6 d later (total damage: control, 30.6 ± 2.2%; treated, 23.0 ± 2.2%; p < 0.05). Ac-YVAD.cmk treatment resulted in a reduction not only of caspase-1 (control, 100 ± 20.3%; treated, 3.4 ± 10.4%; p< 0.01) but also of caspase-3 (control, 100 ± 30.3%; treated, 13.2 ± 9.5%; p < 0.05) activity at 24 hr and led to a parallel decrease of apoptosis as measured by nucleosome quantitation (control, 100 ± 11.8%; treated, 47 ± 5.9%;p < 0.05). Six days after treatment no differences in these parameters could be detected between control and treated animals. Likewise, brain levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α were reduced at 24 hr (39.5 ± 23.7 and 51.9 ± 10.3% of control, respectively) but not at 6 d. Other cytokines, IL-10, MCP-1, MIP-2, and the gaseous mediator nitric oxide, were not modified by the treatment. These findings indicate that blockade of caspase-1-like activity induces a long-lasting neuroprotective effect that, in our experimental conditions, takes place in the early stages of damage progression. Finally, this effect is achieved by interfering with both apoptotic and inflammatory mechanisms.
PTSD symptom reporting and persistent malingering in recipients of state compensation for violent crime victimization: an exploratory study

Previous research suggests that victims of violent crime who have applied for state compensation may persist in malingering after conclusion of the application process. To further explore this topic, the current study investigated differences in PTSD symptomatology between violent crime victims who had received compensation from the Dutch state and those who had been denied such compensation. Potential participants were approached through the Dutch Violent Offences Compensation Fund. Eventually, 125 victims agreed to participate and filled out a set of paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that recipients of compensation had reported higher symptom levels, than non-recipients but only when they could be qualified as probable malingerers. If compensation recipients could not be qualified as probable malingerers, they had reported lower symptom levels than non-recipients. This suggests that some victims will emotionally benefit from compensation, while others will unconsciously accept it as a validation of initially malingered symptoms. Results were discussed in terms of directions for future research and study limitations.
Flourishing communities: re-storying educational leadership using a positive research lens

Ideas about human flourishing, once the purview of philosophy, have crossed disciplinary lines and these notions are being taken up in research in the social sciences such as psychology and organizational studies. Schools have long been the domain of those attending to factors allied to children’s flourishing, and educational researchers have endeavoured to associate with efforts to study the conditions for flourishing settings designed for learning. In this conceptual article, the authors argue that the recent generation of positive frameworks for human flourishing provides the language and insights for engaging new questions about how best to develop communities of belonging, connectedness and compassion in schools. They further proffer that these refreshed perspectives and complementary research findings have much to contribute to the development of school improvement research agenda, based on positive principles of learning, positive psychologies and allied theories related to flourishing.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Profile of a Diphtheria Toxin‐Neurotrophin‐4 Chimera

Abstract: A diphtheria toxin‐neurotrophin‐4/5 (NT‐4/5) chimera (DAB389‐NT4), in which the native receptor binding domain of diphtheria toxin was replaced with a synthetic gene encoding rat NT‐4/5, was expressed, refolded, and purified. This fusion toxin has a deduced molecular mass of 60,163 and is formed by joining the first 389 amino acids of diphtheria toxin to amino acids 1–130 of mature rat NT‐4/5, using an NH2‐terminal bridge of 33 additional amino acids including six consecutive histidines. Neural cell types expressing only p75LNGFR or p75LNGFR and full‐length or truncated TrkB were used to evaluate the cytotoxic efficacy of DAB389‐NT4. The fusion toxin produced a concentration‐dependent killing of all cell populations, with LC50 values that largely reflected the known NT‐4/5 binding affinities for these receptor proteins. Mean LC50 values ranged from 2,960 pM in p75LNGFR‐expressing neuro‐2a neuroblastoma cells to 1,075 and 70 pM, respectively, in hippocampal astrocytes (p75LNGFR+/truncated TrkB+) and cerebellar granule cells (p75LNGFR+/TrkB+). The LC50 for DAB389‐NT4 in receptor‐negative 3T3 fibroblasts was 20 nM. NT‐4/5 and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor but not ciliary neurotrophic factor added in excess neutralized DAB389‐NT4 cytotoxicity. NT‐4/5, however, did not reduce the cytotoxicity of intact diphtheria toxin.
Contribution of the motor system to the perception of reachable space: an fMRI study

The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigates the neural correlates of reachability judgements. In a block design experiment, 14 healthy participants judged whether a visual target presented at different distances in a virtual environment display was reachable or not with the right hand. In two control tasks, they judged the colour or the relative position of the visual target according to flankers. Contrasting the activations registered in the reachability judgement task and in the control tasks, we found activations in the frontal structures, and in the bilateral inferior and superior parietal lobe, including the precuneus, and the bilateral cerebellum. This fronto‐parietal network including the cerebellum overlaps with the brain network usually activated during actual motor production and motor imagery. In a following event‐related design experiment, we contrasted brain activations when targets were rated as ‘reachable’ with those when they were rated as ‘unreachable’. We found activations in the left premotor cortex, the bilateral frontal structures, and the left middle temporal gyrus. At a lower threshold, we also found activations in the left motor cortex, and in the bilateral cerebellum. Given that reaction time increased with target distance in reachable space, we performed a subsequent parametric analysis that revealed a related increase of activity in the fronto‐parietal network including the cerebellum. Unreachable targets did not show similar activation, and particularly in regions associated to motor production and motor imagery. Taken together, these results suggest that dynamical motor representations used to determine what is reachable are also part of the perceptual process leading to the distinct representation of peripersonal and extrapersonal spaces.
Benefits of Cervical Cancer Screening by Liquid-Based Cytology as Part of Routine Antenatal Assessment.

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology, as diagnosed using a liquid-based cytology technique, in pregnant women attending the Antenatal Care (ANC) clinic at Siriraj Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 655 first-visit pregnant women who attended ANC clinic at Siriraj Hospital during June to November 2015 study period. After receiving routine antenatal care, cervical cytology screening was performed with the Siriraj liquid-based cytology technique. All specimens were reviewed by a certi ed cytopathologist using Bethesda System 2001 criteria. Patients with abnormal PAP results characterized as epithelial cell abnormalities were referred to a gynecologic oncologist for further management according to ASCCP Guidelines 2012. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 28.9±6.2 years. Prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology was 3.4% (95% CI: 2.0-4.7). Among this group, there were ASC-US, ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL for 12(1.8%), 2(0.3%), 7(1.1%) and 1(0.2%), respectively. In 633 specimens of the normal group, infection was identified in 158 specimens (24.1%) which were caused by Candida spp. and Trichomonas vaginalis. Regarding patient perception about the importance of cervical cancer screening, although most women perceived screening to be important, 54% of participants had never been screened for cervical cancer. Rate of loss to follow-up in the postpartum period was as high as 41.8%. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology in pregnant women attending the ANC clinic at Siriraj Hospital was 3.4%. Inclusion of cervical cancer screening as part of antenatal assessment can help to identify precancerous lesions or cervical cancers in patients who might otherwise not be screened, thereby facilitating early treatment and improved patient outcomes.
Using Natural-Language Processing to Produce Weather Forecasts

Improved numerical weather prediction simulations have led weather services to examine how and where human forecasters add value to forecast production. The Forecast Production Assistant (FPA) was developed with that in mind. The authors discuss the Forecast Generator (FOG), the first application developed on the FPA. FOG is a bilingual report generator that produces routine and special purpose forecast directly from the FPA's graphical weather predictions. Using rules and a natural-language generator, FOG converts weather maps into forecast text. The natural-language issues involved are relevant to anyone designing a similar system. >
International medical graduates: a qualitative exploration of factors associated with success in the clinical skills assessment

Abstract Background: International medical graduates (IMGs) are known to have significantly lower first attempt pass rates at the clinical skills assessment examination (CSA) than UK graduates. Whilst much has been published concerning higher fail rates in this group, there has been very little exploration of factors associated with success. Aims: This research aims to identify and explore factors associated with success in the CSA. Method: Telephone interviews with 10 IMGs who had passed the CSA on their first attempt were undertaken. Participants were current or recent (previous academic year) GP trainees in Scotland. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed by a thematic analysis approach. Results: Six main themes emerged from the data analysis. These were insights into the challenges, a proactive approach, refining consultation skills, learning with UK graduates, valuing feedback and supportive relationships. Conclucions: This research adds the much-needed voice and experience of IMGs to a current area of uncertainty and challenge in medical education. It provides some insights into potential solutions to the issues and will be of interest to both trainees and those involved in their education.
Single-phase unity power-factor inductive power transfer system

An inductive power transfer (IPT) system driven from a single phase utility is shown to be suitable for low power situations applicable to home and office and other small scale applications. The complete system is low cost yet highly efficient and in a novel development achieves essentially unity power factor at the input by modulation of the power controller in the pick-ups, while still achieving constant output voltage. The complete system is straightforward to use, has simple but effective protection strategies, and is easily adapted to other applications.
Speech synthesis in the mobile user interface

This paper describes the development of a mobile application platform featuring an integrated text-to-speech synthesis engine as one of the core components. The work reported herein formed part of an international consortium project entitled Mobile E-learning for Africa (MELFA), which aimed to develop an application featuring reading and literacy training components, in English and one African language, isiXhosa. Particular attention is paid to the design and development of the mobile application platform, the embedding of the speech generation component and the multimodal user interface. The primary aims of the proposed platform are to support the widest range of applications that could benefit from speech output and for the applications to reach the widest possible audience.
PRIVACY AWARE SPATIAL QUERIES

The advancement in mobile communications and its integration with Geographical Information System result in tremendous increase in Location aware computing. Users thirst for Geo-Point of interest leads to exploration of different classes of spatial queries like nearest neighbor, range queries etc in location based computing. Each query type is unique and there is no frame work to combine these spatial queries. In this paper, we introduce a PASQAR: Privacy aware Spatial Query Assessor on Road Networks that processes the different types of queries based on user inputs. Further PASQAR masks the user identity using encryption technique. The experimental evaluation reflects result of applying various optimization techniques in query processing and proves the efficiency of PASQAR model.
Cluster validity for kernel fuzzy clustering

This paper presents cluster validity for kernel fuzzy clustering. First, we describe existing cluster validity indices that can be directly applied to partitions obtained by kernel fuzzy clustering algorithms. Second, we show how validity indices that take dissimilarity (or relational) data D as input can be applied to kernel fuzzy clustering. Third, we present four propositions that allow other existing cluster validity indices to be adapted to kernel fuzzy partitions. As an example of how these propositions are used, five well-known indices are formulated.We demonstrate several indices for kernel fuzzy c-means (kFCM) partitions of both synthetic and real data.
Experimental Design for Stochastic Models of Nonlinear Signaling Pathways Using an Interval-Wise Linear Noise Approximation and State Estimation

Background Computational modeling is a key technique for analyzing models in systems biology. There are well established methods for the estimation of the kinetic parameters in models of ordinary differential equations (ODE). Experimental design techniques aim at devising experiments that maximize the information encoded in the data. For ODE models there are well established approaches for experimental design and even software tools. However, data from single cell experiments on signaling pathways in systems biology often shows intrinsic stochastic effects prompting the development of specialized methods. While simulation methods have been developed for decades and parameter estimation has been targeted for the last years, only very few articles focus on experimental design for stochastic models. Methods The Fisher information matrix is the central measure for experimental design as it evaluates the information an experiment provides for parameter estimation. This article suggest an approach to calculate a Fisher information matrix for models containing intrinsic stochasticity and high nonlinearity. The approach makes use of a recently suggested multiple shooting for stochastic systems (MSS) objective function. The Fisher information matrix is calculated by evaluating pseudo data with the MSS technique. Results The performance of the approach is evaluated with simulation studies on an Immigration-Death, a Lotka-Volterra, and a Calcium oscillation model. The Calcium oscillation model is a particularly appropriate case study as it contains the challenges inherent to signaling pathways: high nonlinearity, intrinsic stochasticity, a qualitatively different behavior from an ODE solution, and partial observability. The computational speed of the MSS approach for the Fisher information matrix allows for an application in realistic size models.
Joint power allocation and receive filtering for uplink MU-MIMO multi-carrier transmission

We consider the optimization of transmit powers and linear receivers for transmission from multiple single-antenna terminals to a central receiver equipped with multiple antennas and aim to minimize the overall transmission power with respect to given targets on the signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio. This design goal has been previously investigated with respect to frequency flat channels, which applies for instance to transmission on individual subcarriers of a multi-carrier system. We extend previous algorithmic solutions, which solve the underlying optimization problem with one transmit power constraint per user on each frequency flat channel to the case where one user's power can be distributed over multiple frequency flat channels. We then apply the concept to multi-carrier transmissions where, due to practical constraints on signalling overhead and complexity, transmit powers can only be optimized for clusters of subcarriers. By means of simulations we compare several approaches to define adequate channel state information per cluster of subcarriers for the computation of transmit powers.
One Versus All classification in Network Intrusion detection using Decision Tree Mr .

One-versus-all (OVA) classification is one of the multiclass classification problems as well as it is a binary classifier. On the basis of this, we propose a network intrusion detecting system for the security of computers and networks. In this paper, we present a new learning algorithm for detection of a network intrusion using one versus all decision tree algorithm, that differentiates attacks from normal behaviors and identifies different types of intrusions. Experimental results on the KDD99 dataset of network intrusion. The proposed learning algorithm achieved very good result in form of detection rate (DR) in comparison with other existing methods.
Do travel agencies provide sufficient value to their clients

Airline commissions’ cuts and the use of Internet for reservations have severely affected Swiss travel agencies. To survive, travel agents are redesigning their job as to become travel consultants. However, customers are not willing to pay for the service provided and current fees are not representative of its perceived value. We have designed a theatre-based experiment to discover the Willingness-To-Pay for a travel agency experience. Results show that individuals are not willing to pay anything for an unpleasant experience. By contrast, only 1/3 of the sample would pay enough for an outstanding service experience to make such a business sustainable.
Quantifying Age-Related Differences in Information Processing Behaviors When Viewing Prescription Drug Labels

Adverse drug events (ADEs) are a significant problem in health care. While effective warnings have the potential to reduce the prevalence of ADEs, little is known about how patients access and use prescription labeling. We investigated the effectiveness of prescription warning labels (PWLs, small, colorful stickers applied at the pharmacy) in conveying warning information to two groups of patients (young adults and those 50+). We evaluated the early stages of information processing by tracking eye movements while participants interacted with prescription vials that had PWLs affixed to them. We later tested participants’ recognition memory for the PWLs. During viewing, participants often failed to attend to the PWLs; this effect was more pronounced for older than younger participants. Older participants also performed worse on the subsequent memory test. However, when memory performance was conditionalized on whether or not the participant had fixated the PWL, these age-related differences in memory were no longer significant, suggesting that the difference in memory performance between groups was attributable to differences in attention rather than differences in memory encoding or recall. This is important because older adults are recognized to be at greater risk for ADEs. These data provide a compelling case that understanding consumers’ attentive behavior is crucial to developing an effective labeling standard for prescription drugs.