Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stabilized β-Catenin Functions through TCF/LEF Proteins and the Notch/RBP-Jκ Complex To Promote Proliferation and Suppress Differentiation of Neural Precursor Cells

ABSTRACT The proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells are mutually exclusive during brain development. Despite its importance for precursor cell self renewal, the molecular linkage between these two events has remained unclear. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) promotes neural precursor cell proliferation and concurrently inhibits their differentiation, suggesting a cross talk between proliferation and differentiation signaling pathways downstream of the FGF receptor. We demonstrate that FGF2 signaling through phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase activation inactivates glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and leads to the accumulation of β-catenin in a manner different from that in the Wnt canonical pathway. The nuclear accumulated β-catenin leads to cell proliferation by activating LEF/TCF transcription factors and concurrently inhibits neuronal differentiation by potentiating the Notch1-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway. β-Catenin and the Notch1 intracellular domain form a molecular complex with the promoter region of the antineurogenic hes1 gene, allowing its expression. This signaling interplay is especially essential for neural stem cell maintenance, since the misexpression of dominant-active GSK3β completely inhibits the self renewal of neurosphere-forming stem cells and prompts their neuronal differentiation. Thus, the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling axis regulated by FGF and Wnt signals plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of neural stem/precursor cells by linking the cell proliferation to the inhibition of differentiation.
Measurement of Complex Natural Resonances of Targets in Free Space and Lossy Media

The scattered fields of a number of targets in free space are measured. Their complex natural resonances are extracted from the late time responses, using the generalized pencil-of-function method. The complex natural resonances, as the targets are immersed in a lossy medium, are investigated using Baum's transform. The results of the complex natural resonances for various targets are expected to be utilized for target identification.
Injury compensation reveals implicit goals that guide locomotor coordination

To my parents, for always believing in me. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The continued progress of science is established on the foundations of all research that has come before. So too is the scientist manufactured from the individual researchers who have nurtured and guided him. Young-Hui, thank you for always standing by me through this odyssey. You have taught me all the important lessons of being a scientist, and that those lessons can't be found in any textbook. I would also like to thank the members of my committee; it is your professional excellence that has pushed me to hold myself and this dissertation to the highest standards. Thank you to all my previous mentors who believed in my capacity for science. Tom Daniel, thank you for transferring me into Advanced Placement Physics in my first week of public school. Dr. Vladimir Zharov, thank you for introducing me to the joys and realities of scientific research. Dr. Dan Margoliash, thank you for allowing me to learn the responsibilities of animal research. Dr. Melina Hale, thank you for recognizing and taking a chance on me. Dr. Mark Westneat, thank you for the opportunity to become a valued member of your laboratory community. I wouldn't have made it this far without the efforts on all of your parts. Thank you to all my lab mates who have been and currently are on this same course. Jasper Yen and Arick Auyang, you set the example for me to follow and basically taught me how to code MATLAB. Heather Hayes, thank you for all your help with rat and surgery related knowledge. Brad Farrell, thank you for your assistance on everything from coding to teaching assistantship; I'm glad our paths were in parallel. Thank you to iv Megan Toney, Tracy Norman, and Brian Selgrade for helping me shape the presentation and discussion of this dissertation work. I would also like to thank all of the undergraduate students who assisted in digitizing kinematics data. In particular I would like to acknowledge and the rest of the staff of the Physiological Research Laboratory for your advice and assistance over the years. Thank you as well to Daniel Karz-Wagman for providing wisdom and counsel. Lastly I want to thank my family, in particular my parents. I would not have achieved this without your unwavering support and encouragement. Thank you also to my grandparents, Dan and Anita Reikes and Stanley and …
Sememe description based estimating for semantic orientation of Chinese vocabulary

Semantic orientation estimating for Chinese vocabulary has been widely used in text classification, automatic summarization and text filtering, although it is difficult for estimating for Chinese vocabulary, as the rich semantic meaning of chinese vocabulary. The HowNet is a elaborate semantic repository that is helpful for estimating for Chinese vocabulary. This paper proposes using semantic orientation of sememe of the HowNet to estimating semantic orientation of vocabulary. The experiment proves that the method is effective, and it is superior to the method based on the paradigm vocabulary.
Particle swarm optimization for reconfigurable phase‐differentiated array design

Multiple‐beam antenna arrays have important applications in communications and radar. This paper describes a method of designing a reconfigurable dual‐beam antenna array using a new evolutionary algorithm called particle swarm optimization (PSO). The design problem is to find element excitations that will result in a sector pattern main beam with low side lobes with the additional requirement that the same excitation amplitudes applied to the array with zero phase should result in a high directivity, low side lobe, and pencil‐shaped main beam. Two approaches to the optimization are detailed. First, the PSO is used to optimize the coefficients of the Woodward–Lawson array synthesis method. Second, the element excitations will be optimized directly using PSO. The performance of the two methods is compared and the viability of the resulting designs are discussed in terms of sensitivity to errors in the excitation. Additionally, a parallel version of the particle swarm code developed for a multi‐node Beowulf cluster and the benefits that multi‐node computing bring to global optimization will be discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 168–175, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11005
The Efficacy, Safety, and Cost Benefit of Olanzapine versus Aprepitant in Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy: A Pilot Study from South India

Background. The efficacy, safety, and cost benefit of olanzapine (OLN) when compared to aprepitant (APR) in the prevention of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) were evaluated. Methods. A prospective pilot study was done in chemotherapy-naive patients receiving HEC to compare OLN versus APR along with palonosetron and dexamethasone. 100 patients consented to the protocol and were randomized and evaluated for Complete Response (CR) (no emesis, no rescue). Results. CR was 86% for the acute period, 86% for the delayed period, and 80% for the overall period in 50 patients receiving the APD regimen. CR was 84% for the acute period, 88% for the delayed period, and 78% for the overall period for 50 patients receiving the OPD regimen. Patients without nausea were APD: 88% acute, 84% delayed, and 84% overall, and OPD: 84% acute, 88% delayed, and 84% overall. There were no significant grade 3 or 4 toxicities. OPD was comparable to APD in the control of CINV. Conclusion. In this study, there was no significant difference between olanzapine and aprepitant in preventing CINV with highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Olanzapine may thus be used as a potential, safe, and cost beneficial alternative to prevent nausea and vomiting in HEC.
Multiplying cipher images on visual cryptography with ElGamal algorithm

ElGamal algorithm was first introduced by ElGamal in 1985. This algorithm is a public key algorithm where the security lies in the difficulty to find discrete logarithms. ElGamal algorithm has been frequently used to encrypt and decrypt text, email, files, and software. In this paper, will be explained how to multiply the number of cipher images so that it will be much harder to crack. Assessment done by MSE (Mean Squared Error) to compare the initial image with the image of the decryption to detect errors. Results of testing MSE is 0. This proves that the initial image and the image of the decryption matrix has the same value.
Understanding HIV Risk Behavior among Tuberculosis Patients with Alcohol Use Disorders in Tomsk, Russian Federation

Russian Federation’s (RF) HIV epidemic is the fastest growing of any country. This study explores factors associated with high HIV risk behavior in tuberculosis (TB) patients with alcohol use disorders in Tomsk, RF. This analysis was nested within the Integrated Management of Physician-delivered Alcohol Care for TB Patients (IMPACT, trial number NCT00675961) randomized controlled study of integrating alcohol treatment into TB treatment in Tomsk. Demographics, HIV risk behavior (defined as participant report of high-risk intravenous drug use and/or multiple sexual partners with inconsistent condom use in the last six months), clinical data, alcohol use, depression and psychosocial factors were collected from 196 participants (161 male and 35 female) at baseline. Forty-six participants (23.5%) endorsed HIV risk behavior at baseline. Incarceration history(Odds Ratio (OR)3.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.95, 7.95), age under 41 (OR:2.97, CI:1.46, 6.04), drug addiction(OR: 3.60 CI:1.10, 11.77), history of a sexually transmitted disease(STD)(OR 2.00 CI:1.02, 3.90), low social capital (OR:2.81 CI:0.99, 8.03) and heavier alcohol use (OR:2.56 CI: 1.02, 6.46) were significantly more likely to be associated with HIV risk behavior at baseline. In adjusted analysis, age under 41(OR: 4.93, CI: 2.10, 11.58), incarceration history(OR: 3.56 CI:1.55, 8.17) and STD history (OR: 3.48, CI: 1.5, 8.10) continued to be significantly associated with HIV risk behavior. Understanding HIV transmission dynamics in Russia remains an urgent priority to inform strategies to address the epidemic. Larger studies addressing sex differences in risks and barriers to protective behavior are needed.
Identifying key stage-specific genes and transcription factors for gastric cancer based on RNA-sequencing data

Background: To identify gastric cancer (GC)-associated genes and transcription factors (TFs) using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data of Asians. Materials and methods: The RNA-seq data (GSE36968) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 6 noncancerous gastric tissue samples, 5 stage I GC samples, 5 stage II GC samples, 8 stage III GC samples, and 6 stage IV GC samples. The gene expression values in each sample were calculated using Cuffdiff. Following, stage-specific genes were identified by 1-way analysis of variance and hierarchical clustering analysis. Upstream TFs were identified using Seqpos. Besides, functional enrichment analysis of stage-specific genes was performed by DAVID. In addition, the underlying protein–protein interactions (PPIs) information among stage IV-specific genes were extracted from STRING database and PPI network was constructed using Cytoscape software. Results: A total of 3576 stage-specific genes were identified, including 813 specifically up-regulated genes in the normal gastric tissues, 2224 stage I and II-specific genes, and 539 stage IV-specific genes. Also, a total of 9 and 11 up-regulated TFs were identified for the stage I and II-specific genes and stage IV-specific genes, respectively. Functional enrichment showed SPARC, MMP17, and COL6A3 were related to extracellular matrix. Notably, 2 regulatory pathways HOXA4-GLI3-RUNX2-FGF2 and HMGA2-PRKCA were obtained from the PPI network for stage IV-specific genes. In the PPI network, TFs HOXA4 and HMGA2 might function via mediating other genes. Conclusion: These stage-specific genes and TFs might act in the pathogenesis of GC in Asians.
I/sub DDQ/ measurement based diagnosis of bridging faults in full scan circuits

An algorithm for diagnosing two node bridging faults in static CMOS combinational circuits (full scan circuits) is presented. This algorithm uses results from I/sub DDQ/ testing. The bridging faults considered can be between nodes that are outputs of a gate or internal nodes of gates. Experiments on ISCAS89 circuits show that: I/sub DDQ/ measurement based diagnosis, using a small number of random vectors, is very effective; and it is computationally feasible to diagnose, using I/sub DDQ/ measurement, the large number of all bridging faults. <<ETX>>
Impact of a Multimedia Campaign to Increase Intention to Call 9-1-1 for Stroke Symptoms, Upstate New York, 2006-2007

Introduction Many people are not aware of stroke symptoms, the need for emergency care for those symptoms, and that calling 9-1-1 is recommended. The New York State Department of Health developed and implemented a multimedia campaign to increase stroke symptom awareness and awareness of the need to call 9-1-1. Methods The evaluation of the campaign's impact was a pre/post intervention matched comparison design. A random-digit–dialed list-assisted telephone survey was administered to measure reach of the campaign and change in intention to seek emergency care for stroke by calling 9-1-1 in response to 4 signs or symptoms. Results A larger proportion of respondents in the intervention region than in the comparison region reported seeing a stroke advertisement and reported the advertisement's message was to call 9-1-1. There was a significant increase between baseline and follow-up in intention to call 9-1-1 for the 4 stroke symptoms. These increases were greater in the intervention region than the comparison region. The differences between intervention and comparison groups in the increases in intention to call 9-1-1 ranged from 9% to 12% for specific stroke symptoms identified in oneself and from 4% to 12% for symptoms identified in another person. Conclusion This multimedia campaign effectively increased intention to call 9-1-1 for stroke symptoms in the intervention region compared with a region matched for demographics and stroke rates. Multimedia campaigns are effective in increasing awareness of stroke symptoms and intention to immediately call 9-1-1.
Railway Track Geometry Defect Modeling: Deterioration, Derailment Risk, and Optimal Repair

Analyzing track geometry defects is critical for safe and effective railway transportation. Repairing the right number and type of track geo-defects can appropriately reduce the probability of derailments. Additionally, prioritized track geometry repair work reduces dynamic vehicle and track interaction, thus reducing the stress state of the railroad. In this paper, the authors propose an analytical framework for making optimal geo-defect repair decisions by minimizing total expected costs, which include potential derailment costs and repair costs. This paper's major contribution lies in formulating and integrating the following three data-driven models: 1). A track deterioration model to study the degradation of Class II geo-defects; 2). A survival model to assess the derailment risk as a function of the track condition; 3). An optimization model under uncertainty for track repair decisions. In real-world examples, compared with heuristic strategies in practice, our proposed models can reduce 20% of the total composite cost on average, and potentially even more for long track sections.
Information Theory and Representation in Associative Word Learning

A significant portion of early language learning can be viewed as an associative learning problem. We investigate the use of associative language learning based on the principle that words convey Shannon information about the environment. We discuss the shortcomings in representation used by previous associative word learners and propose a functional representation that not only denotes environmental categories, but serves as the basis for activities and interaction with the environment. We present experimental results with an autonomous agent acquiring language.
Counseling Psychology and Substance Use

Substance use is a pervasive public health problem for which millions of Americans will access treatment. Training, practice, and research in substance use traditionally have not been a focus for counseling psychologists. Thus, many in our field do not feel adequately trained to work with clients who have substance use disorders. Counseling psychologists need to remain viable in a rapidly changing health care environment where treatment for substance use and mental health disorders have parity with other medical treatments. The goal of this article is a call to the profession to increase our presence in the field of substance use alongside other health care providers. We discuss how this objective can be accomplished through training, practice, and research that will not only enhance our competence, but further solidify our value in the health care marketplace.
Learner Dashboards a Double-Edged Sword? Students' Sense-Making of a Collaborative Critical Reading and Learning Analytics Environment for Fostering 21st Century Literacies

The affordances of learning analytics (LA) tools and solutions are being increasingly harnessed for enhancing 21st century pedagogical and learning strategies and outcomes. However, use cases and empirical understandings of students’ experiences with LA tools and environments aimed at fostering 21st century literacies, especially in the K-12 schooling sector and in Asian education contexts remain relatively scarce in the field. Our paper addresses this knowledge gap in two ways. First, we present a first iteration design of a computer-supported collaborative critical reading and LA environment, WiREAD, and its 16-week implementation in a Singapore high school. Second, we foreground students’ evaluative accounts of the benefits and drawbacks associated with this techno-pedagogical innovation. Our analysis of students’ collective sense-making pointed to a number of potentialities and perils associated with the design and use of LA dashboards. Positives included (1) fostering greater self-awareness, reflective and self-regulatory learning dispositions, (2) enhancing learning motivation and engagement, and (3) nurturing connective literacy among students. The motivational value of peer-referenced LA visualisations for stimulating healthy competition and game-like learning was identified, alongside the perils of these serving to demoralise, pressurise and trigger complacency in learners. By focusing on students’ experiences and interpretations of how the LA dashboard visualizations impacted their learning motivation and outcomes, this paper aims to shed insights into the pedagogical complexities of designing LA that considers the voices of learners as a critical stakeholder group.
First evaluation of the CPU, GPGPU and MIC architectures for real time particle tracking based on Hough transform at the LHC

Recent innovations focused around parallel processing, either through systems containing multiple processors or processors containing multiple cores, hold great promise for enhancing the performance of the trigger at the LHC and extending its physics program. The flexibility of the CMS/ATLAS trigger system allows for easy integration of computational accelerators, such as NVIDIA's Tesla Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) or Intel's Xeon Phi, in the High Level Trigger. These accelerators have the potential to provide faster or more energy efficient event selection, thus opening up possibilities for new complex triggers that were not previously feasible. At the same time, it is crucial to explore the performance limits achievable on the latest generation multicore CPUs with the use of the best software optimization methods. In this article, a new tracking algorithm based on the Hough transform will be evaluated for the first time on multi-core Intel i7-3770 and Intel Xeon E5-2697v2 CPUs, an NVIDIA Tesla K20c GPU, and an Intel Xeon Phi 7120 coprocessor. Preliminary time performance will be presented.
Spreading activation models for trust propagation

Semantic Web endeavors have mainly focused on issues pertaining to knowledge representation and ontology design. However, besides understanding information metadata stated by subjects, knowing about their credibility becomes equally crucial. Hence, trust and trust metrics, conceived as computational means to evaluate trust relationships between individuals, come into play. Our major contributions to semantic Web trust management are twofold. First, we introduce our classification scheme for trust metrics along various axes and discuss advantages and drawbacks of existing approaches for semantic Web scenarios. Hereby, we devise our advocacy for local group trust metrics, guiding us to the second part which presents Appleseed, our novel proposal for local group trust computation. Compelling in its simplicity, Appleseed borrows many ideas from spreading activation models in psychology and relates their concepts to trust evaluation in an intuitive fashion.
Cell-type-specific modulation of neocortical activity by basal forebrain input

Activation of the cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) desynchronizes cortical activity and enhances sensory processing during arousal and attention. How the cholinergic input modulates the activity of different subtypes of cortical neurons remains unclear. Using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging of neurons in layers 1 and 2/3 of mouse visual cortex, we show that electrical stimulation of the BF bi-directionally modulates the activity of excitatory neurons as well as several subtypes of inhibitory interneurons. While glutamatergic activity contributed to the activation of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, the contribution of acetylcholine (ACh) was more complex. Excitatory and parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons were activated through muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs) at low levels of cortical desynchronization and suppressed through nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) when cortical desynchronization was strong. In contrast, vasoactive intestinal peptide-positive (VIP+) and layer 1 interneurons were preferentially activated through nAChRs during strong cortical desynchronization. Thus, cholinergic input from the BF causes a significant shift in the relative activity levels of different subtypes of cortical neurons at increasing levels of cortical desynchronization.