Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Quarter Mile: Re-Examining Travel Distances by Active Transportation

Interest in active transportation—especially walking and cycling—is growing within urban planning and transportation circles as a solution to the environmental and congestion issues plaguing many cities. > is paper focuses on how far people are willing to walk or cycle for di( erent trip purposes in Montréal, Canada, and how travel distances vary spatially and by individuals’ travel purpose and socio-economic characteristics. > e research uses the 2003 Montréal OriginDestination Survey (O-D Survey) to calculate the network distance traveled by pedestrians and cyclists and to obtain travel and socio-economic characteristics for each individual. Whereas walking distance literature often focuses on distance to transit, this paper examines walking and cycling trips where a second transit mode is not the intended destination. Primarily, the paper reveals that median walking distances recorded in the O-D survey (650 metres) are greater than the commonly-accepted distance or catchment area of 400 metres; various personal built environment factors in= uence these distances. While no widely-held standard exists for cycling, the analysis reveals a median distance of around two kilometres with a high degree of variation in distances. > e @ ndings will guide planners, designers, developers, and policy makers and suggest future research directions within the @ eld.
Tunable Radio Frequency Generation Using a Graphene-Based Single Longitudinal Mode Fiber Laser

A novel, simple, and short cavity design of single longitudinal mode (SLM) tunable erbium-doped fiber ring laser using a graphene-based saturable absorber is proposed and demonstrated as a tunable signal source. The SLM output is then mixed with another output signal from a tunable laser source (TLS) to generate tunable radio frequency (RF) signals. The tunable SLM fiber ring laser uses a short length of 1 m highly doped erbium-doped fiber as the gain medium. Graphene is used as a saturable absorber to generate the SLM operation, as opposed to the commonly used unpumped erbium-doped fiber. The tuning range of the fiber ring laser is determined by a tunable fiber Bragg grating, which can be tuned from 1547.88 to 1559.88 nm. A continuous wavelength spacing tuning range of 0.020-0.050 nm is obtained between the output of the SLM fiber ring laser and the TLS which is then mixed in a 6 GHz bandwidth optical-to-electrical convertor. This generates a corresponding RF signal of between 2.4 and 5.9 GHz with a low variation in output power. The current RF signal generation is limited by the frequency bandwidth of the optical-to-electrical convertor.
Several RNase T2 enzymes function in induced tRNA and rRNA turnover in the ciliate Tetrahymena

The functions of eight Tetrahymena thermophila genes encoding RNase T2 family proteins (Rnt2 proteins) are explored in strains lacking one RNT2 gene or combinations of genes. At least three Tetrahymena RNase T2 enzymes are involved in the conditionally induced turnover of tRNA and rRNA.
The Factors Affecting The External Debt: Case Of Turkey

This study aims to examine the most important factors affecting the external debt in the Turkish economy. The relationship between the external debt and GDP, exports, imports, debt service to exports, foreign direct investment, reserves of foreign exchange and official exchange rates is estimated during the period 1980-2017, based on a number of standard studies in this field. In analyzing the time series, the study applies Johansson's co-integration test and Granger's Causality test within the VAR model. The study concluded to the following results: 1.There is a cointegration relationship between the study variables. That's, that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the external debt and its determinants. 2. There is a directional causal relationship from the foreign reserve to the external debt. 3. There is a directional causal relationship from the external debt to the exports. 4. The results of estimating regression model in the long-term showed that GDP, FDI, debt service to exports and foreign reserves are the most important factors affecting the external debt.
Structure of the L beta phases in a hydrated phosphatidylcholine multimembrane.

We report x-ray measurements on well aligned, freely suspended films of stacked bilayer membranes of the phospholipid dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine in a continuously variable humidity- and temperature-controlled environment. Remarkably, the most commonly observed L/sub . beta. //sub '/ phase is in fact three distinct 2D phases where the phase transitions are driven by hydration forces and the phases are distinguished by the relation between the molecular tilt direction and the 2D bond direction.
Comparison of Different Designs of Synchronous Reluctance Machines with High-Anisotropy Rotors

In terms of torque capability, power factor and efficiency, synchronous reluctance machines with high-anisotropy rotors represent an alternative to conventional induction machines. In particular, they have very robust rotors and can therefore operate at constant power in a wider fieldweakening range. The paper discusses a comparison of the various machine concepts using an identical machine geometry by using finite element analyses. Experimental results obtained from two machine designs confirm the results of the numerical analyses.
SIMULACIÓN COMPUTACIONAL DEL FLUJO DE FLUIDO EN LAS CÁMARAS DE UN MOTOR DE COMBUSTIÓN INTERNA ROTATIVO DE AVANZADA

En este articulo se presentan los resultados obtenidos de la simulacion computacional del flujo de fluidos dentro de las camaras de un novedoso motor de combustion interna rotativo denominado MRCVC (Motor Rotativo de Combustion a Volumen Constante). El MRCVC se encuentra actualmente en la etapa de diseno y el interes detras del desarrollo del mismo radica en sus ventajas teoricas, tanto termodinamicas como mecanicas, respecto de otros motores rotativos (ej. el motor Wankel) y tambien del clasico de pistones reciprocantes. Entre las ventajas mas importantes se encuentra el hecho de que la combustion podria completarse a volumen constante (condicion de maxima obtenibilidad) lo cual, dado que la relacion superficie/volumen de la camara es similar a la del motor tradicional, promete un incremento neto en el rendimiento termico. Tanto el diseno de los puertos de admision y escape, aun indefinido, como el movimiento de la carga en la camara de combustion juegan un papel preponderante en la obtencion del esperado incremento en rendimiento de la maquina. En este aspecto, la simulacion computacional del movimiento del fluido dentro de las camaras del MRCVC aporta invaluable informacion aplicable al diseno y a la estimacion de las caracteristicas del motor. Las ecuaciones que gobiernan el problema son las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes para flujo compresible las cuales, a fin de tener en cuenta la deformacion continua del dominio de flujo, son escritas utilizando una estrategia tipo ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian). Dado la geometria cilindrica del MRCVC y como una primera aproximacion al problema, se considero el flujo bidimensional en el plano medio de la camara y con condiciones constantes en los puertos de admision y escape.
Inhibition of Isocitrate Lyase: the Basis for Inhibition of Growth of Two Arthrobacter Species by Pyruvate

Growth of Arthrobacter atrocyaneus and A. pyridinolis on certain growth substrates was found to be inhibited by pyruvate and compounds which can be converted to pyruvate. Growth of A. atrocyaneus on acetate, for example, was completely inhibited by 5 mm pyruvate; growth of this organism on glucose was less sensitive and growth on succinate was insensitive to inhibition by pyruvate. Growth of a third Arthrobacter species, A. crystallopoietes, on acetate and other substrates was not inhibited by pyruvate. The site of pyruvate inhibition was shown to be the isocitrate lyase reaction. Glyoxylate, which affords a bypass of this reaction, restored the ability of A. atrocyaneus to evolve 14CO2 from acetate in the presence of pyruvate. The isocitrate lyases from A. atrocyaneus and A. pyridinolis were competitively inhibited by concentrations of pyruvate as low as 1 mm, whereas the enzyme from A. crystallopoietes was unaffected by this concentration of pyruvate. Comparable levels of phosphoenolpyruvate did not inhibit the isocitrate lyases from any of the species. A mutant strain of A. atrocyaneus, PW11, which is deficient in isocitrate lyase activity, grew on glucose at a reduced rate that was comparable to the rate of growth of the wild-type strain on glucose plus lactate. Addition of lactate to PW11 did not further reduce its rate of growth on glucose. Thus, the glyoxylate pathway appears to be used as an anaplerotic pathway during growth of A. atrocyaneus on glucose. Two other considerations suggest that A. atrocyaneus and A. pyridinolis, but not A. crystallopoietes, may be deficient in the ability to convert pyruvate to 4-carbon acids. First, the former two species accumulate intracellular pyruvate from exogenous l-alanine to a much greater extent than does A. crystallopoietes. Moreover, A. atrocyaneus and A. pyridinolis are incapable of growth on lactate as sole source of carbon whereas A. crystallopoietes can grow on lactate.
Localized circuit probing with a combined Schottky diode/scanning force microscope

We present the first scanned probe Schottky diode used as a detector of microwave power. This technique enables direct sensing of local fields without the use of a high frequency receiver, and it can accommodate simultaneous measurement of sample topography, as well. Applications for this probe range from field mapping on planar filters to failure analysis of MMIC's.
WEPP Simulation of Observed Winter Runoff and Erosion in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

The Palouse area of the Northwestern Wheat and Range Region suffers high erosion throughout the winter season. The excessive soil loss is a result of a combination of winter precipitation, intermittent freezing and thawing of soils, steep land slopes, and improper management practices. Soil strength is typically decreased by the cyclic freeze and thaw, particularly during the period of thawing. When precipitation occurs during these freeze–thaw cycles, soil is easily detached and moved downslope. This study was aimed at improving the knowledge of winter hydrology and erosion in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) through combined field experimentation and mathematical modeling. Surface runoff and sediment were collected for three paired field plots under conventional tillage and no‐till, respectively. Additionally, transient soil moisture and temperature at various depths were continuously monitored for two selected plots. These data were used to assess the suitability and performance of the USDA's Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP), a physically based erosion model, under the PNW winter conditions. Field observations revealed that minimal erosion was generated on the no‐till plots, whereas erosion from the conventionally tilled plots largely exceeded the tolerable rates recommended by the Natural Resources Conservation Service. The WEPP model could reasonably reproduce certain winter processes (e.g., snow and thaw depths and runoff) after code modification and parameter adjustment. Yet it is not able to represent all the complicated processes of winter erosion as observed in the field. Continued field and laboratory investigation of dynamic winter runoff and erosion mechanisms are necessary so that these processes can be properly represented by physically based erosion models.
The Rise and Fall of an Epizootic of the Diphyllobothriidean Cestode Schistocephalus pungitii Infecting the Ninespine Stickleback

abstract: Epizootics of diphyllobothriidean cestodes appear to be simple, but deceptive similarity conceals the myriad ways in which these events are shaped by complex abiotic and biotic interactions. In Dog Bone Lake, Alaska, an epizootic of Schistocephalus pungitii infecting the ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) was short-lived. Its duration, with a peak that lasted only 1 yr, was shorter than for previously documented epizootics in Schistocephalus solidus. The ability of the ninespine stickleback to sustain infections, which appears to be related to species-specific characteristics of the host, may have played an important role in shaping the epizootic. Moreover, the epizootic of S. pungitii was not coincident with those observed for S. solidus in earlier studies within this region, supporting the hypothesis that processes involved in epizootics largely reflect local (lake-level) influences on population dynamics of the parasite. The outbreak occurred at a time when the host population was not relatively dense, which is inconsistent with epidemiological theory and may be a consequence of the parasite′s indirect life cycle. The variability of the unregulated and unstable epizootic events of diphyllobothriidean cestodes presents a challenge to understand the ecological and evolutionary factors influencing the prevalence of infections in host populations.
Analysis of design tool attributes with regards to sustainability benefits

The trend of global manufacturing competitiveness has shown a significant shift from profit and customer driven business to a more harmonious sustainability paradigm. This new direction, which emphasises the interests of three pillars of sustainability, i.e., social, economic and environment dimensions, has changed the ways products are designed. As a result, the roles of design tools in the product development stage of manufacturing in adapting to the new strategy are vital and increasingly challenging. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the attributes of design tools with regards to the sustainability perspective. Four well-established design tools are selected, namely Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Failure Mode and Element Analysis (FMEA), Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) and Design for Environment (DfE). By analysing previous studies, the main attributes of each design tool and its benefits with respect to each sustainability dimension throughout four stages of product lifecycle are discussed. From this study, it is learnt that each of the design tools contributes to the three pillars of sustainability either directly or indirectly, but they are unbalanced and not holistic. Therefore, the prospective of improving and optimising the design tools is projected, and the possibility of collaboration between the different tools is discussed.
Book Review: Managing Brand Equity: Capitalizing on the Value of a Brand Name

Few topics have captured as much attention among both practitioner and academic communities as brand equity. On the basis of input from senior marketing executives, brand equity has risen to the top of the Marketing Science Institute's list of research priorities. Dozens of studies are in progress that explore a wide range of issues associated with this topic. What is particularly fascinating about knowledge development in this area is the breadth of approaches and perspectives being taken. Seldom does one topic appeal to so many communities. Indeed, studies related to brand equity are being undertaken from consumer, managerial, and financial perspectives and involve methods ranging from mathematical modeling to qualititative analyses of depth interviews. At least one implication of this level of attention is clear-we will be hearing and reading much about brand equity in the foreseeable future. In the midst of all this fanfare, however, is the quiet concern that we may actually know more about brand equity than we realize. Enter Managing Brand Equity. David Aaker's book provides a valuable contribution to the practice of product / brand management by synthesizing current thinking in this area. The author sets forth four objectives for the book (p. xi):
Scalable De Novo Genome Assembly Using Pregel

De novo genome assembly is the process of stitching short DNA sequences to generate longer DNA sequences, without using any reference sequence for alignment. It enables high-throughput genome sequencing and thus accelerates the discovery of new genomes. In this paper, we present a toolkit, called PPA-assembler, for de novo genome assembly in a distributed setting. PPA-assembler adopts the popular de Bruijn graph based approach, and the operations run on Google's Pregel framework with strong performance guarantees. PPA-assembler demonstrates superior performance compared with existing assemblers, and is open-sourced at https://github.com/yaobaiwei/PPAAssembler. The full version of this paper can be found at https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04453.
Perlindungan Hukum Kekayaan Intelektual Kerajinan Kuningan Tumang

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjawab perlindungan hukum kerajinan tembaga dan kuningan tumang bernilai seni melalui hak kekayaan intelektual. Penggunaan HKI dalam perberdayaan pengrajin tumang penting untuk meningkatkan daya saing dan mendorong kreativitas. Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah sosiolegal yaitu dengan melihat hukum dalam konteks sosialnya. HKI penting bagi ekonomi kreatif untuk menghindari pencurian ide dan hak cipta. Namun pengrajin tumang belum peduli dengan HKI kerajinannya. HKI dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan daya saing dan meningkatkan kreativitas; terdapat beberapa faktor yang menghambat perlindungan HKI kerajinan Tumang. Model pemberdayaan yang efektif adalah dengan melibatkan pemerintah dan koperasi dalam pemberdayaan. Intellectual Property Law Protection on Brass Tumang Crafts This study aims to answer the legal protection of valuable copper and brass Tumang crafts through intellectual property rights. The use of intellectual property rights in empowering Tumang craftsmen is important to increase competitiveness and encourage creativity. This is socio legal research by looking at the law in its social context. Intellectual property rights is important for the economy creative and to avoid theft of ideas and copyrights. However, Tumang craftsmen have not cared about intellectual property rights of their crafts. Intellectual property rights can be used to enhance competitiveness and creativity; there are several factors that hinder the protection of intellectual property rights of Tumang crafts. An effective empowerment model is the involvement of government and cooperatives institution.
Experimental Cryptosporidium parvum infections in chickens.

Levine (1984, Journal of Protozoology 31: 9498) reviewed taxonomy and cross-transmission studies of members of the genus Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae). Based on the class of vertebrate that they infected, he considered that there were 4 valid species: Cryptosporidium muris Tyzzer, 1907, in mammals, C. crotali Triffit, 1925, in reptiles, C. meleagridis Slavin, 1955, in birds, and C. nasorum Hoover, Hoerr, Carlton, Hinsman, and Ferguson, 1981, in fish. However, Upton and Current (1985, Journal of Parasitology 71: 625-629) demonstrated, based on oocyst size, that both C. parvum Tyzzer, 1912, and C. muris Tyzzer, 1907, were present in dairy and beef cattle. These authors (Upton and Current, 1985, loc. cit.) considered C. parvum to be the causative agent in all welldocumented cases of mammalian cryptosporidiosis. Current et al. (1986, Journal of Protozoology 33: 289-296) described Cryptosporidium baileyi from chickens and considered this species responsible for causing cryptosporidiosis in chickens.
A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Computational Methods for Gene Identification

Gene identification is at the center of genomic studies. Although the first phase of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project has been claimed to be complete, the annotation of the functional elements is far from being so. Computational methods in gene identification continue to play important roles in this area and other relevant issues. So far, a lot of work has been performed on this area, and a plethora of computational methods and avenues have been developed. Many review papers have summarized these methods and other related work. However, most of them focus on the methodologies from a particular aspect or perspective. Different from these existing bodies of research, this paper aims to comprehensively summarize the mainstream computational methods in gene identification and tries to provide a short but concise technical reference for future studies. Moreover, this review sheds light on the emerging trends and cutting-edge techniques that are believed to be capable of leading the research on this field in the future.
Realigning Vocational Skills for Employment and Self Employment of Hearing- Impaired Youths: The Case of Masvingo-Peri Urban

: The study sought to investigate the prospects of equipping hearing impaired youths in peri-urban Masvingo District with skills for employment and self-employment in view of the economic crisis in Zimbabwe. The study used the Human Capital Theory as the theoretical framework. A case study research design was used. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews of eight purposefully selected hearing impaired vocational graduates as well as four key informant interviews with lecturers at the special school. Observations were also done to augment data from the interviews. Thematic analysis was used in analysing the data. The study revealed that the hearing-impaired graduates acquired technical and vocational and skills at the special school. However, despite the high skill levels, they were not being utilised for their livelihoods. Instead of utilising their technical and vocational skills, most of the graduates were engaged in self initiated micro-entrepreneurial activities such as street vending. The major challenges to employment and self-employment included lack of capital, communication barriers and lack of representation and clear policy. The study recommends the realignment of vocational skills with the reality in which hearing impaired graduates experience daily to focus more on entrepreneurship and community development in view of a weak economy which makes employment and self-employment difficult to achieve.
Calibration of moving puncture simulations

We present single and binary black-hole simulations that follow the “moving-puncture” paradigm of simulating black-hole spacetimes without excision, and use “moving boxes” mesh refinement. Focusing on binary black-hole configurations where the simulations cover roughly two orbits, we address five major issues determining the quality of our results: numerical discretization error, finite extraction radius of the radiation signal, physical appropriateness of initial data, gauge choice, and computational performance. We also compare results we have obtained with the BAM code described here with the independent LEAN code.
Joint cooperative jamming and beamforming for secure transmission in two-cell networks

In this paper, we consider secure downlink transmission in two-cell networks where the one base station (Alice) provides secure wireless services to its legitimate receiver (Bob) in the presence of a passive eavesdropper (Eve). For multi-cell networks, the inter-cell interference to Bob and Eve has a great impact on the security performance. In order to improve the confidentiality of information transfer from Alice to Bob, it is crucial to properly design the transmit strategies. With the results of conventional cooperative jamming (CJ) scheme, we propose a modified CJ scheme for cooperative base station (CBS) to further degrade the quality of signal reception at Eve, and therefore the secrecy rate can be increased. Both theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the modified CJ scheme outperforms the conventional CJ scheme by achieving a higher secrecy rate. Additionally, by taking the energy efficiency into account, we formulate an adaptive cooperation, in which the CBS is allowed to provide services to its desired receiver. We design a cooperative beamforming for CBS to satisfy the rate requirement while maximizing the secrecy rate of legitimate channel. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed cooperation scheme.