Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Migration of dendritic leukocytes from cardiac allografts into host spleens. A novel pathway for initiation of rejection

It has been a long-standing dogma that host sensitization against fully- vascularized organ allografts occurs peripherally within the graft itself. In this report we show that donor-derived MHC class II-positive (Ia+) DL migrate rapidly out of mouse cardiac allografts into the recipients' spleens where they home to the peripheral white pulp and associate predominantly with CD4+ T lymphocytes. This provides a novel route for central sensitization against fully vascularized allografts, and most likely represents a pathway by which immune responses are generated against antigens on blood-borne DL emigrating from peripheral tissues.
Developing Alteratives: Energy, Offices and the Environment

This paper maps some of the social and commercial forces shaping the debate around 'realistic' or 'appropriate' levels of energy specification in the commercial office market. It discusses how the dynamics of the market, alternative lease arrangements, enhanced building management standards, technological innovation and shifts in cultural taste are all redefining contemporary office space and presenting new opportunities for environmental innovation. Drawing upon interviews with developers, investors, agents, occupiers and property researchers in Britain and France, the changing, often conflicting, priorities underpinning decisions about energy standards are explored. The paper explores possible 'futures' for office development processes in the United Kingdom. Highlighting the ebb and flow of the market, the paper points to the changing nature of tenant demand and current 'opportunities' for the development of alternative, more 'realistic' energy specification levels. Looking beyond the current property slump it examines the cultural and structural shifts likely to sustain any reformation of British real estate practices. In particular, the paper highlights contemporary debates around transformation of the institutional lease and legislative codification of energy and environmental standards. It is argued that this loose constellation of social forces promises a significant, new mutuality of interests between developers and occupiers which is cultivating 'appropriate' specification and procurement practices. Copyright Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1998.
A Computational Approach to the Joint Design of Distributed Data Compression and Data Dissemination in a Data-Gathering Wireless Sensor Network

In this paper we present an approach to the joint design of distributed data compression and data dissemination for wireless sensor networks. We consider a wireless sensor network in which each sensor collects data (e.g., temperature) about the sensing field, transmits it back to a central collector/controller, which then combines the data from individual sensors to reconstruct and form a “snapshot” of the field, subsequently called a field-gathering wireless sensor network. Each sensor is constrained individually by the amount of energy that it possesses when it is deployed. Our goal is to prolong the functional lifetime of such a network and maximize the total number of snapshots the network can deliver (sample and transmit) to the collector via the proper selection of optimal routing pattern and optimal data rate allocation among all sensor nodes (using Slepian-Wolf type of encoding). We present a constrained maximization formulation for the joint optimization of routing and rate allocation. We solve this problem in the simple case of a linear network and explore via numerical experiments the properties of optimal rate allocation and its relationship with optimal routing under a variety of scenarios.
A2B Adenosine Receptor Expression by Myeloid Cells Is Proinflammatory in Murine Allergic-Airway Inflammation

Asthma is a chronic condition with high morbidity and healthcare costs, and cockroach allergens are an established cause of urban pediatric asthma. A better understanding of cell types involved in promoting lung inflammation could provide new targets for the treatment of chronic pulmonary disease. Because of its role in regulating myeloid cell-dependent inflammatory processes, we examined A2B R expression by myeloid cells in a cockroach allergen model of murine asthma-like pulmonary inflammation. Both systemic and myeloid tissue-specific A2B R deletion significantly decreased pulmonary inflammatory cell recruitment, airway mucin production, and proinflammatory cytokine secretion after final allergen challenge in sensitized mice. A2B R deficiency resulted in a dramatic reduction on Th2-type airways responses with decreased pulmonary eosinophilia without augmenting neutrophilia, and decreased lung IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production. Chemokine analysis demonstrated that eotaxin 1 and 2 secretion in response to repeated allergen challenge is myeloid cell A2B R dependent. In contrast, there were no differences in the levels of the CXC chemokines keratinocyte-derived chemokine and MIP-2 in the myeloid cell A2B R-deficient mice, strengthening A2B R involvement in the development of Th2-type airways inflammation. Proinflammatory TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17 secretion were also reduced in systemic and myeloid tissue-specific A2B R deletion mouse lines. Our results demonstrate Th2-type predominance for A2B R expression by myeloid cells as a mechanism of development of asthma-like pulmonary inflammation.
INSIDE THE BLACK BOX: THE CONTRASTING EFFECTS OF TMT LONG-TERM INCENTIVES ON INTEREST ALIGNMENT.

We develop a comprehensive, multi-theoretical model to examine the interest alignment properties of long-term incentive pay. Specifically, we examine the direct and indirect (through managerial risk behavior) effects of TMT long-term incentives on shareholder return. As expected, the level of aggregate long-term incentives held by the TMT exhibited a positive influence on shareholder return. Results also show that long-term incentives increased acquisition behavior; however, this effect was attenuated by the level of dispersion in TMT long term incentives. Most interestingly, contrary to agency theory assumptions, our findings show that acquisition behavior exhibited a negative effect on shareholder return. Thus, while long-term incentives increased risk behavior, acquisitions decreased shareholder return. Taken together, we argue that these findings advance compensation theory and research by offering a more comprehensive theoretical understanding of the interest alignment properties of long-term incenti.
Personality and cognitive processes in life and death decision making: An exploration into the source of judgment errors by police special squads

This study sought to understand judgment errors by special police units such as those documented after the assault by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms on the Branch Davidians near Waco, Texas. The study examined the relation between personality traits, the cognitive organization of safety and survival skills, and past deadly force encounters in 131 tactical and command officers of Violent Crimes and Fugitives Task Forces, and as they executed live high‐risk arrest warrants in an all‐inclusive decision‐making simulation environment. Logistic regressions showed that getting shot on the job was related to very low neuroticism and low sensation (experience) seeking among officers. Getting shot in a deadly force encounter during a simulated team entry was also related to low neuroticism and low experience seeking. Making safety and survival errors in a simulated entry was positively related to toughmindedness in Task Force tactical officers but negatively related to toughmindedness in Task Force lea.
Initiation of Autoimmune Diabetes by Developmentally Regulated Presentation of Islet Cell Antigens in the Pancreatic Lymph Nodes

Little is known about the events triggering lymphocyte invasion of the pancreatic islets in prelude to autoimmune diabetes. For example, where islet-reactive T cells first encounter antigen has not been identified. We addressed this issue using BDC2.5 T cell receptor transgenic mice, which express a receptor recognizing a natural islet beta cell antigen. In BDC2.5 animals, activated T cells were found only in the islets and the lymph nodes draining them, and there was a close temporal correlation between lymph node T cell activation and islet infiltration. When naive BDC2.5 T cells were transferred into nontransgenic recipients, proliferating cells were observed only in pancreatic lymph nodes, and this occurred significantly before insulitis was detectable. Surprisingly, proliferation was not seen in 10-day-old recipients. This age-dependent dichotomy was reproduced in a second transfer system based on an unrelated antigen artificially expressed on beta cells. We conclude that beta cell antigens are transported specifically to pancreatic lymph nodes, where they trigger reactive T cells to invade the islets. Systemic or extrapancreatic T cell priming, indicative of activation via molecular mimicry or superantigens, was not seen. Compromised presentation of beta cell antigens in the pancreatic lymph nodes of juvenile animals may be the root of a first “checkpoint” in diabetes progression.
SONETOR: A social network traffic generator

The Online Social Networks (OSN) have become an important trend in current networks. Due to the susceptible nature of the private data available in OSN, the acquisition of data sets is not an easy task. In this paper and based on the state of the art of measurement studies, we present SONETOR, a synthetic social network traffic generator, characterized by ease of use and flexibility. SONETOR represents current social network behavior such as user publishing and consuming content, users sharing and commenting on information with their friends. We also proceed to study the impact of OSN in the network traffic with SONETOR. In particular, our social network traffic generator allows capturing the effect of the flash-crowd phenomenon. SONETOR is an open-source and multi-platform tool freely available. The generated traces can be widely distributed without restrictions and they are still privacy compliant.
Rapid Communication Immunohistochemical Localization of Blood-Retinal Barrier Breakdown in Human Diabetics

Localization of the site of blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetes controversial. It assessments in clinical material the use of tracer may not be In this study, immunohistochemical stainingfor albumin wasperformed on paraffin-embedded eyes from patients with no known ocular disease and those with various stages of diabetic retinopathy. No extravascular albumin was detected in the retina or retinalpigment epithelium (RPE) of normal nondiabetics or diabetics with no ocularfindings, but it was detected in 12.5% of mildly affected diabetics, 20 % of background diabetic retinopathy cases, and 89% ofpro-liferative diabetic retinopathy cases. The inner retinal vasculature appeared to be the primary site of leakage in diabetics because all cases the inner retina. the vessel the inner of the the retina and RPE,
Original Science: Nature Deconstructing Itself

This article explores Derrida's suggestion in Of Grammatology that deconstruction might be considered a positive science. The implication here is that ‘no outside of text’ does not evoke an enclosure whose limits can't be breached, an enclosure that discovers human exceptionalism in linguistic and technological capacities. Instead, this sense of a system and its involvements (differance) is already entangled in any ‘atom’ of its expression, whereby ‘no outside of text’ can be read as ‘no outside of Nature’. The logic that informs and justifies the conventional separations between nature and culture, ideation and matter, and human and non-human, are thereby confounded; the dimensions of efficacy, as well as the vexed question of intention appear as non-local (systemic); and the very notion of language – what it is and how it works – is distributed in ways that give rise to the same quandaries that surround the quantum problematic. Indeed, at the end of this meditation the difference between the humanities .
NCU in Bilingual Information Retrieval Experiments at NTCIR-6

In this paper, we present the mono-lingual and bilingual ad-hoc information retrieval experimental results at NTCIR-6. This year we compare two different word tokenization levels for indexing, namely, unigram, and overlapping bigram. The two famous information retrieval models, i.e., language model, and BM-25 were adopted in our study. In the mono-lingual results show that our method achieved the average most runs, while the overlapping bigrams were indexed. The unigram level of words did the almost poor results in all runs. In the bilingual retrieval tasks, we translate the queries through a wellknown machine translation tool. The evaluation results of our method were also given in the tail of this paper.
Do many hones dull the bilingual whetstone?

In her acknowledgments Valian (2014) speculates that some of her colleagues may agree with at least some of her conclusions. I agree with most. These include that bilingualism is inconsistently correlated with superior executive function, that the overall benefits of bilingualism reported in some experiments may signify benefits unrelated to executive function (EF), that all speakers have non-linguistic ways of improving EF, and that tests for bilingual advantages should be aimed at specific mechanisms of bilingual experience and their corresponding components of EF. The remainder of my 1,000 words will be devoted to rather subtle points of disagreement.
An algorithm with linear complexity for interactive, physically-based modeling of large proteins

Physically-based modeling applications usually require batch processing for each frame of an animation or simulation. This paper describes a graphics modeling system, called Sculpr, that maintains physically-valid protein properties while a user interactively moves atoms. Sculpt models stiff properties such as bond lengths and angles as rigid constraints and models weak properties such as non-bonded interactions as potential energies. Sculpr continually satisfies the constraints and maintains a local energy minimum throughout user interaction. On a Silicon Graphics 240-GTX, Sculpt maintains 1,9 updates per second on a molecular model with 355 atoms (1065 variables, 1027 constraints, and 3465 potential energies). Performance decreases /r’nearly with increased problem size. This paper presents a Lagrange multiplier method with linear computational complexity that finds a constrained minimum for articulated figures with many more joints in their spines than in any limb (e.g. reptiles, mammals, and proteins). The method computes the Jacobian matrix of the constraints and solves a system of linear equations that results from muhiplying the Jacobian by its transpose. The paper proves that a sort of the Jacobian yields a band-diagonal pattern of nonzeros. The pattern does not change during a modeling session, so the sort can run during a pre-processing step. Multiplication and solution of band-diagonal matrices require computation that increases linearly with problem size.
Reducing the state space of incompletely specified timed Moore machines

In this paper, after recapping about completely specified Timed Moore Machines (TMM) and their minimization procedure, we present methods to reduce the number of states of incompletely specified Timed Moore Machines. For this purpose, we define the concepts of coverage and refinement between TMM, and we show how the coverage relation can be used to reduce the number of states of a TMM
Consensus of second order multi-agents with actuator saturation and asynchronous time-delays

This article presents the consensus of a saturated second order multi-agent system with non-switching dynamics that can be represented by a directed graph. The system is affected by data processing (input delay) and communication time-delays that are assumed to be asynchronous. The agents have saturation nonlinearities, each of them is approximated into separate linear and nonlinear elements. Nonlinear elements are represented by describing functions. Describing functions and stability of linear elements are used to estimate the existence of limit cycles in the system with multiple control laws. Stability analysis of the linear element is performed using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functions and frequency domain analysis. A comparison of pros and cons of both the analyses with respect to time-delay ranges, applicability and computation complexity is presented. Simulation and corresponding hardware implementation results are demonstrated to support theoretical results.
Comparative analysis of salt-tolerant gene HOG1 in a Zygosaccharomyces rouxii mutant strain and its parent strain.

BACKGROUND A higher-salt-tolerant mutant strain Zygosaccharomyces rouxii 3-2 (strain S3-2) that could be used for improving the flavour of high-salt liquid state soy sauce was previously constructed from parent strain Z. rouxii (strain S) by genome shuffling. However, whether the mutations in this strain affect HOG1 encoding MAPK Hog1p and improve intracellular glycerol production remains to be elucidated. RESULTS Although two mutations in the ORF and one in the promoter of the HOG1 gene sequence of strain S3-2 occurred compared with that of strain S, there was no significant difference in secondary and tertiary structures between S3-2Hog1p and SHog1p. It was found that the expression level of S3-2HOG1 was higher than that of SHOG1 in YPDN medium with high salt concentration. Furthermore, overexpression of S3-2HOG1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A could improve the salt tolerance and osmotolerance of engineered yeast compared with that of SHOG1. CONCLUSION Enhancement of the transcription level of HOG1 induced by mutation in the promoter region may be one of the main reasons for the improved salt tolerance of strain S3-2 compared with that of strain S. Considering food security, the conservation of S3-2HOG1 would be beneficial for application of strain S3-2 in the fermentation of soy sauce.
Metacognition and Endorsement

Real agents rely, when forming their beliefs, on imperfect informational sources (sources which deliver, even under normal conditions of operation, both accurate and inaccurate information). They therefore face the ‘endorsement problem’: how can beliefs produced by endorsing information received from imperfect sources be formed in an epistemically acceptable manner? Focussing on the case of episodic memory and drawing on empirical work on metamemory, this article argues that metacognition likely plays a crucial role in explaining how agents solve the endorsement problem.
Discovery of antibacterial cyclic peptides that inhibit the ClpXP protease

A method to rapidly screen libraries of cyclic peptides in vivo for molecules with biological activity has been developed and used to isolate cyclic peptide inhibitors of the ClpXP protease. Fluorescence activated cell sorting was used in conjunction with a fluorescent reporter to isolate cyclic peptides that inhibit the proteolysis of tmRNA‐tagged proteins in Escherichia coli. Inhibitors shared little sequence similarity and interfered with unexpected steps in the ClpXP mechanism in vitro. One cyclic peptide, IXP1, inhibited the degradation of unrelated ClpXP substrates and has bactericidal activity when added to growing cultures of Caulobacter crescentus, a model organism that requires ClpXP activity for viability. The screen used here could be adapted to identify cyclic peptide inhibitors of any enzyme that can be expressed in E. coli in conjunction with a fluorescent reporter.
Service Quality of Information Systems

Information system development is an expensive process, and usually fall behind the expectations of user and implementation is achieved much later than expected if ever. The designers of information systems and programmers often begin designing and programming the system too early, before they actually understand the users' or stakeholders' requirements. Since designing and programming systems are very expensive, ill-defined requirements cause projects to fall behind schedule and over budget. Correctly assessing customer needs and requirements is very important for information systems development. Over 50% of development errors occur during the requirements analysis phase of the development cycle. In this paper, following the statement of the problem, possible causes are discussed. The conclusion is made by providing some guidelines for the design of information systems that meet or exceed user requirements
Alteration of newly induced endochondral bone formation in adult mice without tumour necrosis factor receptor 1

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, a major proinflammatory cytokine, exerts its role on bone cells through two receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2). TNFR1, but not TNFR2, is expressed by osteoblasts and its function in bone formation in vivo is not fully understood. We compared in vivo new bone formation in TNFR1‐deficient (TNFR1–/–) mice and wild‐type mice, using two models of bone formation: intramembranous ossification following tibial marrow ablation and endochondral ossification induced by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2. Intramembranous osteogenesis in TNFR1–/– mice did not differ from the wild‐type mice either in histomorphometric parameters or mRNA expression of bone‐related markers and inflammatory cytokines. During endochondral osteogenesis, TNFR1–/– mice formed more cartilage (at post‐implantation day 9), followed by more bone and bone marrow (at day 12). mRNAs for BMP‐2, ‐4 and ‐7 were increased during the endochondral differentiation sequence in TNFR1–/– mice. The expression of receptor activator of NF‐κ B ligand (RANKL) and receptor activator of NF‐κ B (RANK), as assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), was also increased significantly during endochondral ossification in TNFR1–/– mice. In conclusion, signalling through the TNFR1 seems to be a negative regulator of new tissue formation during endochondral but not intramembranous osteogenesis in an adult organism. BMPs and RANKL and its receptor RANK may be involved in the change of local environment in the absence of TNFR1 signalling.
The Korean Version of the Body Image Scale-Reliability and Validity in a Sample of Breast Cancer Patients

Objective The Body Image Scale (BIS) developed in collaboration with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Study Group is a brief questionnaire for measuring body image concerns in patients with cancer. This study sought to assess the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Body Image Scale (K-BIS). Methods The participants consisted of 155 postoperative breast cancer patients (56 breast conserving surgery, 56 mastectomy, and 43 oncoplastic surgery). Subjects were evaluated using the K-BIS, the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF). Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were examined as a measure of reliability and validity was evaluated by convergent validity, discriminant validity and factor analysis. Results Cronbach's α value was 0.943. The total score of the K-BIS was negatively correlated with the BESAA (r=0.301, p<0.001) and the body image facet in the WHOQOL-BREF (r=0.315, p<0.001). The total score of K-BIS positively correlated with the HADS (HAD-A: r=0.501, p<0.001, HAD-D: r=0.466, p<0.001). As for determining discriminant validity, scores were compared between the BCS subgroup, mastectomy subgroup, and oncoplastic surgery subgroup. Difference between the mastectomy subgroup and oncoplastic surgery subgroup was statistically significant (p=0.017). Factor analysis resulted in a single factor solution in three out of four anlyses, accounting for >59% variance. Conclusion The K-BIS showed good reliability and validity for assessment of body image in Korean breast cancer patients.