Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concussion guidelines step 1: systematic review of prevalent indicators.

BACKGROUND Currently, there is no evidence-based definition for concussion that is being uniformly applied in clinical and research settings. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the highest-quality literature about concussion and to assemble evidence about the prevalence and associations of key indicators of concussion. The goal was to establish an evidence-based foundation from which to derive, in future work, a definition, diagnostic criteria, and prognostic indicators for concussion. METHODS Key questions were developed, and an electronic literature search from 1980 to 2012 was conducted to acquire evidence about the prevalence of and associations among signs, symptoms, and neurologic and cognitive deficits in samples of individuals exposed to potential concussive events. Included studies were assessed for potential for bias and confound and rated as high, medium, or low potential for bias and confound. Those rated as high were excluded from the analysis. Studies were further triaged on the basis of whether the definition of a case of concussion was exclusive or inclusive; only those with wide, inclusive case definitions were used in the analysis. Finally, only studies reporting data collected at fixed time points were used. For a study to be included in the conclusions, it was required that the presence of any particular sign, symptom, or deficit be reported in at least 2 independent samples. RESULTS From 5437 abstracts, 1362 full-text publications were reviewed, of which 231 studies were included in the final library. Twenty-six met all criteria required to be used in the analysis, and of those, 11 independent samples from 8 publications directly contributed data to conclusions. Prevalent and consistent indicators of concussion are (1) observed and documented disorientation or confusion immediately after the event, (2) impaired balance within 1 day after injury, (3) slower reaction time within 2 days after injury, and/or (4) impaired verbal learning and memory within 2 days after injury. CONCLUSION The results of this systematic review identify the consistent and prevalent indicators of concussion and their associations, derived from the strongest evidence in the published literature. The product is an evidence-based foundation from which to develop diagnostic criteria and prognostic indicators.
Accumulation of Lignans by in vitro Cultures of Three Linum Species

Justicidin B, an arylnaphthalene lignan, has strong cytotoxicity on chronic myeloid and chronic lymphoid leukemia cell lines. The first report of the production of justicidin B in a Linum species concerned in vitro culture of Linum austriacum. Therefore, culture characterization and presence of arylnaphthalene-type lignans in calli and plantlets of Linum tenuifolium from section Linastrum, Linum bienne, and Linum glaucum from section Linum were studied. Seed germination of L. tenuifolium in the light and darkness was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than of L. bienne in the light and L. glaucum in the darkness. L. tenuifolium seedling length in the darkness was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than under light conditions. There were no significant differences in the calli and shoot biomass weight, number and length of shoots in three species over one month, while the shoot diameter of L. bienne was significantly different (p < 0.05) from that of L. glaucum. Justicidin B was detected in L. glaucum callus and plantlet cultures by HPLC/MS/UV-DAD and HPLC coupled with a photodiode array detector. This finding is important from pharmaceutical point of view and shows the chemosystematic relation between L. glaucum and L. austriacum and this method will be a powerful tool for detecting natural products in interested and endangered medicinal plants.
First-principles characterisation of the pressure-dependent elastic anisotropy of SnO2 polymorphs

Abstract Using DFT calculations, this study investigates the pressure-dependent variations of elastic anisotropy in the following SnO2 phases: rutile-type (tetragonal; P42/mnm), CaCl2-type (orthorhombic; Pnnm)-, α-PbO2-type (orthorhombic; Pbcn)- and fluorite-type (cubic; Fm-3m). Experimentally, these polymorphs undergo sequential structural transitions from rutile-type → CaCl2-type → α-PbO2-type → fluorite-type with increasing pressure at 11.35, 14.69 and 58.22 GPa, respectively. We estimate the shear anisotropy (A1 and A3) on {1 0 0} and {0 0 1} crystallographic planes of the tetragonal phase and (A1, A2 and A3) on {1 0 0}, {0 1 0} and {0 0 1} crystallographic planes of the orthorhombic phases. The rutile-type phase shows strongest shear anisotropy on the {0 0 1} planes (A2 > 4.8), and the degree of anisotropy increases nonlinearly with pressure. In contrast, the anisotropy is almost absent on the {1 0 0} planes (ie A1 ~ 1) irrespective of the pressure. The CaCl2-type phase exhibits similar shear anisotropy behaviour preferentially on {0 0 1} (A3 > 5), while A1 and A2 remain close to 1. The α-PbO2-type phase shows strikingly different elastic anisotropy characterised by a reversal in anisotropy (A3 > 1 to < 1) with increasing pressure at a threshold value of 38 GPa. We provide electronic density of states and atomic configuration to account for this pressure-dependent reversal in shear anisotropy. Our study also analyses the directional Young’s moduli for the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases as a function of pressure. Finally, we estimate the band gaps of these four SnO2 phases as a function of pressure which are in agreement with the previous results.
A high‐threshold heat‐activated channel in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons resembles TRPV2 and is blocked by gadolinium

Heat‐activated ion channels from the vanilloid‐type TRP group (TRPV1–4) seem to be central for heat‐sensitivity of nociceptive sensory neurons. Displaying a high‐threshold (> 52 °C) for activation, TRPV2 was proposed to act as a sensor for intense noxious heat in mammalian sensory neurons. However, although TRPV2 is expressed in a distinct population of thinly myelinated primary afferents, a widespread expression in a variety of neuronal and non‐neuronal tissues suggests a more diverse physiological role of TRPV2. In its role as a heat‐sensor, TRPV2 has not been thoroughly characterized in terms of biophysical and pharmacological properties. In the present study, we demonstrate that the features of heterologously expressed rat TRPV2 closely resemble those of high‐threshold heat‐evoked currents in medium‐ and large‐sized capsaicin‐insensitive rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Both in TRPV2‐expressing human embryonic kidney (HEK)293t cells and in DRGs, high‐threshold heat‐currents were sensitized by repeated activation and by the TRPV1–3 agonist, 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB). In addition to a previously described block by ruthenium red, we identified the trivalent cations, lanthanum (La3+) and gadolinium (Gd3+) as potent blockers of TRPV2. Thus, we present a new pharmacological tool to distinguish between heat responses of TRPV2 and the closely related capsaicin‐receptor, TRPV1, which is strongly sensitized by trivalent cations. We demonstrate that self‐sensitization of heat‐evoked currents through TRPV2 does not require extracellular calcium and that TRPV2 can be activated in cell‐free membrane patches in the outside‐out configuration. Taken together our results provide new evidence for a role of TRPV2 in mediating high‐threshold heat responses in a subpopulation of mammalian sensory neurons.
On the Equivalence of Information Retrieval Methods for Automated Traceability Link Recovery

We present an empirical study to statistically analyze the equivalence of several traceability recovery methods based on Information Retrieval (IR) techniques. The analysis is based on Principal Component Analysis and on the analysis of the overlap of the set of candidate links provided by each method. The studied techniques are the Jensen-Shannon (JS) method, Vector Space Model (VSM), Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). The results show that while JS, VSM, and LSI are almost equivalent, LDA is able to capture a dimension unique to the set of techniques which we considered.
In Vitro Characteristics of Phages to Guide ‘Real Life’ Phage Therapy Suitability

The increasing problem of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has put enormous pressure on healthcare providers to reduce the application of antibiotics and to identify alternative therapies. Phages represent such an alternative with significant application potential, either on their own or in combination with antibiotics to enhance the effectiveness of traditional therapies. However, while phage therapy may offer exciting therapeutic opportunities, its evaluation for safe and appropriate use in humans needs to be guided initially by reliable and appropriate assessment techniques at the laboratory level. Here, we review the process of phage isolation and the application of individual pathogens or reference collections for the development of specific or “off-the-shelf” preparations. Furthermore, we evaluate current characterization approaches to assess the in vitro therapeutic potential of a phage including its spectrum of activity, genome characteristics, storage and administration requirements and effectiveness against biofilms. Lytic characteristics and the ability to overcome anti-phage systems are also covered. These attributes direct phage selection for their ultimate application as antimicrobial agents. We also discuss current pitfalls in this research area and propose that priority should be given to unify current phage characterization approaches.
The versatile use of exhaled volatile organic compounds in human health and disease

Exhaled breath contains thousands of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of which the composition varies depending on health status. Various metabolic processes within the body produce volatile products that are released into the blood and will be passed on to the airway once the blood reaches the lungs. Moreover, the occurrence of chronic inflammation and/or oxidative stress can result in the excretion of volatile compounds that generate unique VOC patterns. Consequently, measuring the total amount of VOCs in exhaled air, a kind of metabolomics also referred to as breathomics, for clinical diagnosis and monitoring purposes gained increased interest over the last years. This paper describes the currently available methodologies regarding sampling, sample analysis and data processing as well as their advantages and potential drawbacks. Additionally, different application possibilities of VOC profiling are discussed. Until now, breathomics has merely been applied for diagnostic purposes. Exhaled air analysis can, however, also be applied as an analytical or monitoring tool. Within the analytic perspective, the use of VOCs as biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation or carcinogenesis is described. As monitoring tool, breathomics can be applied to elucidate the heterogeneity observed in chronic diseases, to study the pathogen(s) responsible for occurring infections and to monitor treatment efficacy.
Fabrication and simulation of inverse poly(ferrocenylmethylvinylsilane)/silica opal structures and their optical properties

Photonic crystal structures were fabricated by the formation of periodic arrays of poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS) derivations and silica spheres. Here, we present the primary steps of a simulation-driven design of photonic crystal based on PFS as a potentially stimuli-responsive polymer, which can present predesigned color when subjected to the visible light. The poly(ferrocenylmethylvinylsilane) (PFMVS) was synthesized by photolytic anionic ring opening polymerization of methylvinylsila[1]ferrocenophane monomer under controlled condition and monodisperse silica spheres were synthesized by the Stober process. Bare silica opal was prepared by the convective self-assembly process of different sizes of silica spheres on glass substrate followed by infiltration of PFMVS to obtain PFMVS/silica opal and finally removal of the silica spheres by acid washing to attain the inverse PFMVS opal. The particle size of silica spheres along with the refractive indices contrast of different components forming photonic crystal played an important role in obtaining the maximum reflectance wavelength of the desired opal. Photonic crystal prepared by 210, 270, and 330 nm monodisperse silica spheres represents the blue, green, and red color, respectively. Simulation analyses of these opal structures were investigated by using the plane-wave expansion (PWE) method to assess the photonic crystal behavior versus the visible light. According to the simulation results, the photonic crystal structure was designed. The experimental reflectance outcomes of the three opal structures were in good agreement with the simulation analysis.
Trabecular direction and deformation distribution in lung transplant patients with severe osteoporosis risk

Poster: "ECR 2012 / B-0145 / Trabecular direction and deformation distribution in lung transplant patients with severe osteoporosis risk" by: "L. Fischer1, J. M. Patsch2, A. Valentinitsch2, C. Schueller-Weidekamm1, B. Zweytick1, F. Kainberger1, G. Langs1; 1Vienna/AT, 2San Francisco, CA/US"
"BPELanon" - Protect Business Processes on the Cloud

The advent of Cloud computing supports the offering of many Business Process Management applications on a distributed, per-use basis environment through its infrastructure. Due to the fact that privacy is still an open issue in the Cloud, many companies are reluctant to move their Business Processes on a public Cloud. Since the Cloud environment can be beneficiary for the Business Processes, the investigation of privacy issues needs to be further examined. In order to enforce the Business Process sharing on the Cloud we propose a methodology (“BPELanon”) for the anonymization of Business Processes expressed in the Web Service Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). The method transforms a process to preserve its original structure and run-time behavior, while completely anonymizing its business semantics. In this work we set the theoretical framework of the method and define a five management layers architecture to support its realization. We developed a tool that implements the “BPELanon” method, validate its functionality and evaluate its performance against a collection of real-world process models that were conducted in the scope of research projects.
Handling shared variable synchronization in multi-core Network-on-Chips with distributed memory

Parallelized shared variable applications running on multi-core Network-on-Chips (NoCs) require efficient support for synchronization, since communication is on the critical path of system performance and contended synchronization requests may cause large performance penalty. In this paper, we propose a dedicated hardware module for synchronization management. This module is called Synchronization Handler (SH), integrated with each processor-memory node on the multi-core NoCs. It uses two physical buffers to concurrently process synchronization requests issued by the local processor and remote processors via the on-chip network. One salient feature is that the two physical buffers are dynamically allocated to form multiple virtual buffers (a virtual buffer is related to a shared synchronization variable) so as to improve the buffer utilization and alleviate the head-of-line blocking. Synthesis results suggest that the SH can run over 900 MHz in 130nm technology with small area overhead. To justify the SH-enhanced multicore NoCs, we employ synthetic workloads to evaluate synchronization cost and buffer utilization, and run synchronization-intensive applications to investigate speedup. The results show that our approach is viable.
Does Accounting Education add Value in Auditing ? Evidence from the UK

We examine the implications of auditor education for audit quality. We exploit a novel institutional setting in the UK where audit engagement partners are identifiable and auditors have diverse university-level educational backgrounds. Using hand-collected data for a large sample of audit partners we establish three main findings. First, auditors with an accounting degree are more likely to detect earnings manipulation and to charge higher audit fees, but only relative to their peers with a non-quantitative social sciences background. Second, when compared to other quantitative degree subjects, accounting education is not associated with lower financial reporting discretion or increased audit fees. Finally, individual partner education appears to play a lesser role in Big4 audit firms. Overall, our study provides direct evidence on the incremental value of accounting education for audit quality.
Genome-Wide Transcriptome and Antioxidant Analyses on Gamma-Irradiated Phases of Deinococcus radiodurans R1

Adaptation of D. radiodurans cells to extreme irradiation environments requires dynamic interactions between gene expression and metabolic regulatory networks, but studies typically address only a single layer of regulation during the recovery period after irradiation. Dynamic transcriptome analysis of D. radiodurans cells using strand-specific RNA sequencing (ssRNA-seq), combined with LC-MS based metabolite analysis, allowed an estimate of the immediate expression pattern of genes and antioxidants in response to irradiation. Transcriptome dynamics were examined in cells by ssRNA-seq covering its predicted genes. Of the 144 non-coding RNAs that were annotated, 49 of these were transfer RNAs and 95 were putative novel antisense RNAs. Genes differentially expressed during irradiation and recovery included those involved in DNA repair, degradation of damaged proteins and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolism. The knockout mutant crtB (phytoene synthase gene) was unable to produce carotenoids, and exhibited a decreased survival rate after irradiation, suggesting a role for these pigments in radiation resistance. Network components identified in this study, including repair and metabolic genes and antioxidants, provided new insights into the complex mechanism of radiation resistance in D. radiodurans.
Peptidyl‐Prolyl Isomerase 1 Regulates Ca2+ Handling by Modulating Sarco(Endo)Plasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase and Na2+/Ca2+ Exchanger 1 Protein Levels and Function

Background Aberrant Ca2+ handling is a prominent feature of heart failure. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for aberrant Ca2+ handling is essential for the development of strategies to blunt pathological changes in calcium dynamics. The peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase peptidyl‐prolyl isomerase 1 (Pin1) is a critical mediator of myocardial hypertrophy development and cardiac progenitor cell cycle. However, the influence of Pin1 on calcium cycling regulation has not been explored. On the basis of these findings, the aim of this study is to define Pin1 as a novel modulator of Ca2+ handling, with implications for improving myocardial contractility and potential for ameliorating development of heart failure. Methods and Results Pin1 gene deletion or pharmacological inhibition delays cytosolic Ca2+ decay in isolated cardiomyocytes. Paradoxically, reduced Pin1 activity correlates with increased sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) and Na2+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 protein levels. However, SERCA2a ATPase activity and calcium reuptake were reduced in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes isolated from Pin1‐deficient hearts, suggesting that Pin1 influences SERCA2a function. SERCA2a and Na2+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 associated with Pin1, as revealed by proximity ligation assay in myocardial tissue sections, indicating that regulation of Ca2+ handling within cardiomyocytes is likely influenced through Pin1 interaction with SERCA2a and Na2+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 proteins. Conclusions Pin1 serves as a modulator of SERCA2a and Na2+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 Ca2+ handling proteins, with loss of function resulting in impaired cardiomyocyte relaxation, setting the stage for subsequent investigations to assess Pin1 dysregulation and modulation in the progression of heart failure.
Structure–Function Relations of the First and Fourth Extracellular Linkers of the Type IIa Na+/Pi Cotransporter

Functionally important sites in the predicted first and fourth extracellular linkers of the type IIa Na+/Pi cotransporter (NaPi-IIa) were identified by cysteine scanning mutagenesis (Ehnes et al., 2004). Cysteine substitution or modification with impermeant and permeant methanethiosulfonate (MTS) reagents at certain sites resulted in changes to the steady-state voltage dependency of the cotransport mode (1 mM Pi, 100 mM Na+ at pH 7.4) of the mutants. At Gly-134 (ECL-1) and Met-533 (ECL-4), complementary behavior of the voltage dependency was documented with respect to the effect of cys-substitution and modification. G134C had a weak voltage dependency that became even stronger than that of the wild type (WT) after MTS incubation. M533C showed a WT-like voltage dependency that became markedly weaker after MTS incubation. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, the steady-state and presteady-state kinetics of these mutants were studied in detail. The apparent affinity constants for Pi and Na+ did not show large changes after MTS exposure. However, the dependency on external protons was changed in a complementary manner for each mutant. This suggested that cys substitution at Gly-134 or modification of Cys-533 had induced similar conformational changes to alter the proton modulation of transport kinetics. The changes in steady-state voltage dependency correlated with changes in the kinetics of presteady-state charge movements determined in the absence of Pi, which suggested that voltage-dependent transitions in the transport cycle were altered. The steady-state and presteady-state behavior was simulated using an eight-state kinetic model in which the transition rate constants of the empty carrier and translocation of the fully loaded carrier were found to be critical determinants of the transport kinetics. The simulations predict that cys substitution at Gly-134 or cys modification of Cys-533 alters the preferred orientation of the empty carrier from an inward to outward-facing conformation for hyperpolarizing voltages.
Set Complaint Heuristic Rules for R 2 L Attack Detection

Automated rule induction procedures like machine learning and statistical techniques result in rules that lack generalization and maintainability. Developing rules manually through incorporation of attack signatures results in meaningful but weak rules as it is difficult to define thresholds. This paper utilizes a hybrid procedure for developing rules by combining signature analysis with automated techniques to improve readability, comprehensibility, and maintainability of rules. Through the proposed rule-formulation technique, heuristic rules were developed for two remote-to-local (R2L) attacks using the KDD intrusion detection features and dataset. Empirical results show that high detection rates with low false alarms are observed for the warezmaster and warezclient attacks in the KDD data set. The utilized technique also highlighted a mislabeling problem in the KDD dataset for the two R2L attacks considered.