Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Making sense of citizenship : a continuing professional development handbook

INTRODUCTION - USING THE HANDBOOK SECTION 1 WHAT IS CITIZENSHIP? 1. Spelling It Out SECTION 2 CITIZENSHIP IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS 2. Citizenship in Nursery and Primary Schools SECTION 3 CITIZENSHIP IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS 3. Citizenship in the Curriculum 4. Citizenship through Other Subjects 5. Citizenship in the Life of the School 6. Citizenship through the Wider Community 7. Approaches to Learning and Teaching 8. Management, Planning and Review 9. Assessing, Recording and Reporting SECTION 4 CITIZENSHIP IN OTHER SETTINGS 10. Citizenship 16-19 11. Citizenship in Youth and Community work SECTION 5 CONTINUITY AND PROGRESSION 12. Continuity and Progression SECTION 6 RESOURCES AND CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT 13. Resources 14. Citizenship and Continuing Professional Development GLOSSARY
Two-dimensional frequency shift track based on geometric moment invariants

A novel ultrasonic flow velocity estimation method employing the two-dimensional (2-D) frequency shift track is proposed. By representing the backscattered echoes from human blood in the 2-D frequency domain, this paper shows that the velocity profile measurement using pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound and the moving target track in image processing are isomorphic problems. Therefore, feature template matching based on geometric moment invariants can be used to track the 2-D frequency shift from which the velocity is estimated. Then we discuss the characteristics of the moment invariants and present correlation coefficient as a tracing strategy. The experimental results show the method can overcome the disadvantage caused by frequency-dependent attenuation and get better effect in velocity profile estimation.
State of the art analysis of network traffic anomaly detection

In the present age of pervasive computing, network anomaly detection has become an essential research area. The idea behind anomaly detection originated from the perspective of network monitoring and security As more and more people and devices get connected over the net, the need for security of information being exchanged increases. In network monitoring, the monitoring device observes such network features like flow and capacity of a link in network, number and size of distinct flows. Where as in network security the monitoring node monitors the anomalous behavior of the nodes. In this paper we present a review of some of the existing research works on anomaly detection.
Optimization of GM (1, N) model based on numerical analysis and its application

The precision of GM (1, N) model depends on the building methods of background values on the extent. The paper, based on the approximate theory, adopts Newton-Cores Formula and Gauss-Legendre formula to optimize the background values of GM (1, N) model and the theory research indicates that the optimization can increase the precision of the GM (1, N) model. The optimized model is applied on the forecast of traffic noise. The research indicates that, compared to that of original model, the prediction precision of the optimized GM (1, N) model increases significantly. The average error deceases from original 5.749% to 4.738%. The analyzed theories and typical examples demonstrate the validity and applicability of the optimized method.
How To Color A Map

We study the maximum differential coloring problem, where an n-vertex graph must be colored with colors numbered 1, 2.n such that the minimal difference between the two colors of any edge is maximized. This problem is motivated by coloring maps in which not all countries are contiguous. Since it is known that this problem is NP-hard for general graphs; we consider planar graphs and subclasses thereof. In Chapter 1 we introduce the topic of this thesis and in Chapter 2 we review relevant definitions and basic results. In Chapter 3 we prove that the maximum differential coloring problem remains NP-hard even for planar graphs. Then, we present tight bounds for regular caterpillars and spider graphs and close-to-optimal differential coloring algorithms for general caterpillars and biconnected triangle-free outer-planar graphs. In Chapter 4 we introduce the (d, kn)-differential coloring problem. While it was known that the problem of determining whether a general graph is (2, n)-differential colorable is NP-complete, in this chapter we provide a complete characterization of bipartite, planar and outerplanar graphs that admit (2, n)-differential colorings. We show that it is NP-complete to determine whether a graph admits a (3, 2n)differential coloring. The same negative result holds for the (b2n/3c, 2n)-differential coloring problem, even when input graph is planar. In Chapter 5 we experimentally evaluate and compare several algorithms for coloring a map. Motivated by different application scenarios, we classify our approaches into two categories, depending on the dimensionality of the underlying color space. To cope with the one dimensional color space (e.g., grayscale colors), we employ the (d, kn)-differential coloring. In Chapter 6 we describe a practical approach for visualizing multiple relationships defined on the same dataset using a geographic map metaphor, where clusters
E cient Object Sharing in Real-Time

We show that, by rejecting a number of conventional assumptions about real-time object sharing, it is possible to develop and implement eecient object-sharing mechanisms on uniprocessors that do not require complex kernel and hardware support. Chief among the assumptions we reject is that objects should be implemented using lock-based protocols. As explained herein, the use of locking in real-time systems often results in poor performance and systems that are innexible. Our work also challenges the conventional assumption that real-time synchronization protocols should be developed assuming a completely asynchronous model of concurrent computation, which allows arbitrary task interleavings. We argue that such models are overkill in real-time applications and that they lead to object-sharing protocols that are ineecient.
Cross-cultural collaboration Wiki: evolving knowledge about international teamwork

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to share and develop knowledge of cross-cultural collaboration. Observations of cross-cultural collaborations in Hong Kong/Korean, Hong Kong/Austrian and Hong Kong/Taiwanese teams were captured using design patterns. These findings were posted to a Wiki, allowing further evaluation of the design patterns in different collaboration contexts. This process is discussed in the light of author-centric and community-centric development of design patterns for cross-cultural collaboration.
Perspective observation based motion recovery

The recovery of motion for a class of movements in the space by using the perspective observation of one point is considered in this paper. The motion equation can cover a wide class of practical movements in the space. The estimations of the position and motion parameters which are all time-varying are simultaneously developed in the proposed algorithm. The formulated problem can be converted into the observation of a dynamical system with nonlinearities. The proposed observer is based on the second method of Lyapunov. First, the parameters relating to the rotation of the motion are identified, where only one camera is needed. Then the position of the moving object is identified, where the stereo vision is necessary. In the third step, the parameters relating to the straight movement are identified. The assumptions about the perspective system are reasonable, and the convergence conditions are intuitive and have apparently physical interpretations. The proposed method requires minor (I priori knowledge about the system and can cope with a much more general class of perspective systems. Furthermore, the algorithm is modified to deal with the occlusion phenomenon.
Data analytics for slab matching time problem

Producing open order slabs that are not associated with any customer orders is inevitable in the steel production process due to many technical reasons. To consume open order slabs, the most popular way is to allocate them to the existing suitable customer orders that have not been fulfilled. However, for some open order slabs, no suitable customer order is available at present. On this situation, there are two modes to handle these open order slabs. The first one is called waiting mode, that is, open order slabs are stored in the yard until suitable new customer order appears. The second one is called seeking mode, that is, artificial orders (called as self-designed-orders) are designed for open order slabs such that the sale department can seek potential customers according to the attribute of the self-designed-orders. The waiting mode increases inventory holding cost, while the seeking mode decreases income due to final products associated with self-designed-orders will be sold with lower price. To trade off inventory holding cost and income, we need to decide how long each type of open order slabs has to wait before suitable customer order appears. In this paper, a data analytics based method, least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), is presented to forecast the matching time that each type of open order slabs can wait based on the historical data. Moreover, the parameters used by the LSSVM are optimized by a tailored scatter search (SS) algorithm. According to the test results, the proposed method performs efficiency for solving the problem.
Trailers and Trouble? An Examination of Crime in Mobile Home Communities

The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether the amount of crime in mobile home communities is greater than the amount of crime in other types of neighborhoods and to determine whether the difference in crime levels is significant even after controlling for multiple other variables. Using official crime reports and other data from Omaha, Nebraska, the study finds no significant difference in population-weighted crime rates between blocks with mobile home communities and other types of residential blocks. Multivariate models show that the presence of mobile home communities did not significantly affect crime rates. The implications of these findings for land use policy are explored.
Economic and Environmental Impacts of Pollution Control in a Multi-Country Model

In the paper we consider the effects of trade expansion on the environment. The key issues are economic well-being and environmental well-being. Jared Diamond (2005), p378 in his recent book on societal collapse refers to "'mining' Australia" whereby he means mining in the literal sense of non-renewable resources (through export of coal etc.) and mining of renewable resources (e.g. forests) by exploiting them faster than they are capable of renewing themselves and hence they are declining. Assessments of free trade agreements base their evaluations of welfare gains through measurements of changes in GDP. Any increase in GDP usually comes about through some combination of trade liberalisation, dynamic productivity gains, allocative efficiency and investment liberalisation. However, the increased trade related to such agreements can have implications for the environment and natural resources that may potentially counteract the gains from increased trade. This paper examines the environmental impact of increased trade between Australia and the US that would result from the adoption of a Free Trade Agreement. The aim is to identify how the environment will be affected by rising trade in terms of changes in pollution flows and changes in the stock of natural resources. The single country Wonderland model Herbert and Leeves (2002) has been expanded to a multi-country configuration. In particular the model has been divided into two parts, one representing Australia and the other the rest of the world. In this way it differs from the North-South (developed/undeveloped) RAND model Lempert et al. (2003) by being specific to certain countries. We calibarte the model to represent Australia and the USA (representing the rest of the world). The Wonderland model is a non-linear discrete model with sectors for the economy, population and environment. We implement the model using Simulink MathWorks (2005) software that allows easy visualisation of different scenarios. The aim of the research is to investigate whether Australia's trade agreements have a significant impact on Australia being able to maintain a sustainable economic and environmental system. This sustainable economic and environmental system was shown to be realisable in the expanded single country Wonderland model under certain tax incentive programs Herbert and Leeves (2002). This study investigates whether these tax incentive programs need to be modified significantly to realize the pollution control results in the multi-country model. The paper finds that the increase in trade liberalisation in the model can have devastating effects on the environment and this can lead to similar effects on the economy. Yet, if with the trade liberalisation the pollution control expenditure mix (between pollution abatement and technology) is altered so that a higher proportion is spent on reducing pollution per unit output rather than reducing pollution flows, then the negative effects of the trade liberalisation can be removed.
Congruences and ideals on Peirce algebras: a heterogeneous/homogeneous point of view

For a Peirce algebra \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathcal P}$\end{document}, lattices \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathrm{Cong}\mathcal {P}$\end{document} of all heterogenous Peirce congruences and \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathrm{Ide}\mathcal {P}$\end{document} of all heterogenous Peirce ideals are presented. The notions of kernel of a Peirce congruence and the congruence induced by a Peirce ideal are introduced to describe an isomorphism between \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathrm{Cong}\mathcal {P}$\end{document} and \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathrm{Ide}\mathcal {P}$\end{document}. This isomorphism leads us to conclude that the class of the Peirce algebras is ideal determined. Opposed to Boolean modules case, each part of a Peirce ideal I = (I1, I2) determines the other one. A similar result is valid to Peirce congruences. A characterization of the simple Peirce algebras is presented coinciding to that given by Brink, Britz and Schmidt in a homogeneous approach.
Local Unemployment and the Earnings-Assimilation of Immigrant Men in Sweden: Evidence from Longitudinal Data, 1990-2000

The earnings-assimilation of first-generation immigrant men in Sweden was analyzed using eleven waves of panel-data, 1990-2000. Employment-probabilities and earnings were estimated simultaneously in a random-effects model, using a quasifixed effects to control for both individual effects and panel-selectivity due to missing earnings-information. Assuming equal-period effects produced bias which could distort the findings. To correct the bias, local unemployment-rates were used to proxy for changing economy-wide conditions. Labour-market outcomes differed consider- ably across immigrant arrival cohorts, region and country of origin, and educational levels.
RBF neural network compensation based trajectory tracking control for rehabilitation training robot

For rehabilitation robot, how to effectively control the movement of training, which depends on the performance of the robot control system, is very important to improve the quality of rehabilitation. Lower limb rehabilitation robot system is a nonlinear time-varying system, so the real-time calculation and compensation for the nonlinear coupling term is always neccessary, and linear control method can be used to achieve trajectory tracking with a high precision. For this target, a radial basis function (RBF) neural network compensation control method based on computed-torque is put forward. First, the controlled object and movement features of the rehabilitation robot system are briefly introduced. Then, computed torque control method is analyzed, and for the uncertainty part of computed torque as well as the environment disturbance, the RBF neural network compensator is designed. Finally, the simulation for the proposed algorithm is conducted and analyzed. The results show that the computed torque controller with RBF neural network compensator has smaller tracking error than the PD feedback controller based on computed torque.
Amino acid sequence divergence of Tat protein (exon1)of subtype B and C HIV-1 strains: Does it have implications for vaccine development?

Functional genes of HIV-1 like the tat express proteins essential for viral survival and propagation. There are variations reported in levels of Tat transactivation among the different subtypes of HIV-1. This study looked at the amino acid differences in the different regions of Tat protein (exon 1) of subtype B and C strains of HIV-1 and tried to observe a molecular basis for protein function. HIV-1 sequences of subtype B (n=30) and C (n=60) strains were downloaded from HIV-1 Los Alamos data base. Among the 60 subtype C strain sequences, 30 each were from India and Africa. A HIV-1 Tat protein (exon 1) sequence, the consensus B and C sequence was obtained from the ’sequence search interface‘ in the Los Alamos HIV-1 sequence data. The sequences were visualized using Weblogo and the RNA binding regions of the three consensus sequences were also determined using BindN software program. Compared to subtype B, there was a high level of divergence in the auxiliary domain of tat exon 1 (amino acid positions 58- 69). The net charge of the subtype C (Indian) Tat protein (exon 1) auxiliary domain was -1.9 at pH 7 and it had an isoelectric point of 4.1. The net charge of the subtype C (African) auxiliary domain was -2.9 at pH 7 and it had an isoelectric point of 3.7 while the net charge of same region in subtype B was -0.9 at pH 7 with an isoelectric point of 4.9. The ratio of the hydrophilic residues to the total number of residues was 60% in the in both the Indian and African subtype C in the auxiliary domain while this was 50% in subtype B. The consensus subtype B sequence was found to have 36 RNA binding sites while subtype C (India) had 33 and subtype C (Africa) had 32 RNA binding sites. The HIV-1 Tat-TAR interaction is a potential target for inhibitors and being considered for its potential use in HIV-1 vaccines. Development of such inhibitor/vaccines would have to take into consideration the variation in amino acid sequence analyzed in this study as this could determine epitope presentation on MHC class I antigen for afferent immune response.
Leadership in Singapore secondary schools : A multi-case study of school principals’ influence on the process of improving student learning outcomes

This thesis investigates the contribution and influence of Singapore secondary school principals to the process of improving student learning outcomes by examining the phenomena at three levels: • perspectives of school principals on how they think they have influenced student learning outcomes in their respective schools ; • what they actually have done, according to their own accounts, set up or implement measures in their schools in regard to improving student learning outcomes; and • how the stakeholders in their respective schools perceive what they have done or not done in regard to improving student learning outcomes. Using the interpretivist paradigm, multi-case study approach and modified analytic inductive analysis, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 66 participants comprising principals, vice-principals, HODs, teachers and students. The major outcome of the study is the model ‘Leadership Influence to Improving Student Outcomes’ (LIISO). LIISO provides insights on the complex practices involved when secondary school principals influence the process of improving student outcomes. There is no single influence that impacts the way case principals exercise their leadership practices; rather it is the cumulative effects of all the relevant influences that matter. Leadership practices both influence and are influenced by context (knowledge of context of the leaders and context of organization), perception of leaders on their influence, social relations between leaders and the stakeholders, personal dispositions of leaders and stakeholders ‘view. The model shows that leadership does not directly impact student learning outcomes; rather, it is mediated by the ways in which leadership is practiced in each context. Crucially, the degree of success of principals’ leadership practices is dependent on five dimensions - clarity, consistency, commitment, flexibility and scalability of the practices. In addition, the findings suggest that leadership practice is also influenced by the personal dispositions of the principals, and their perception of their leadership influence.
A Phase II Pharmacodynamic Study of Erlotinib in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Previously Treated with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy

Purpose: To examine potential markers of clinical benefit and the effects of erlotinib on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in advanced non–small cell lung cancer patients refractory to platinum-based chemotherapy. Experimental Design: Patients were given erlotinib (150 mg/d). Tumor biopsies were done immediately before treatment and in a subgroup of patients after 6 weeks' treatment. Results: Of 73 evaluable patients, 7 (10%) had partial response and 28 (38%) had stable disease. In 53 patients with baseline tumor samples, no relationship was observed between pretreatment levels of EGFR, phosphorylated (p)-EGFR, p-AKT, p-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), or p27 and clinical benefit (i.e., response, or stable disease ≥12 weeks). Tumors from 15 of 57 patients had high EGFR gene copy number, assessed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH positive), 10 of whom had clinical benefit, compared with 5 of 42 FISH-negative patients. FISH-positive patients had longer median progression-free [137 versus 43 days, P = 0.002; hazard ratio (HR), 0.37] and overall (226 versus 106 days, P = 0.267; HR, 0.70) survival than FISH-negative patients. In paired biopsy samples from 14 patients, p-EGFR (P = 0.002), p-MAPK (P = 0.001), and Ki-67 (P = 0.025) levels were significantly reduced after 6 weeks' treatment. Apoptosis was significantly increased in patients with clinical benefit (P = 0.029), and may be a marker of clinical benefit. Conclusion: In this study, EGFR FISH-positive status was associated with improved outcome after erlotinib therapy. Erlotinib led to reduced levels of p-EGFR, p-MAPK, and Ki-67, and stimulated apoptosis in tumor samples from patients with clinical benefit.