Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Event Localization in Music Auto-tagging

In music auto-tagging, people develop models to automatically label a music clip with attributes such as instruments, styles or acoustic properties. Many of these tags are actually descriptors of local events in a music clip, rather than a holistic description of the whole clip. Localizing such tags in time can potentially innovate the way people retrieve and interact with music, but little work has been done to date due to the scarcity of labeled data with granularity specific enough to the frame level. Most labeled data for training a learning-based model for music auto-tagging are in the clip level, providing no cues when and how long these attributes appear in a music clip. To bridge this gap, we propose in this paper a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that is able to make accurate frame-level predictions of tags in unseen music clips by using only clip-level annotations in the training phase. Our approach is motivated by recent advances in computer vision for localizing visual objects, but we propose new designs of the CNN architecture to account for the temporal information of music and the variable duration of such local tags in time. We report extensive experiments to gain insights into the problem of event localization in music, and validate through experiments the effectiveness of the proposed approach. In addition to quantitative evaluations, we also present qualitative analyses showing the model can indeed learn certain characteristics of music tags.
Influence of Surfactant Concentration on the Surface Morphology of Hollow Silica Microspheres and Its Explanation

Abstract The surface morphology of hollow silica microspheres has influence on their applications. After a thorough investigation of the deposition of silica nanoparticles on polystyrene (PS) beads and the surface morphology and texture of the resultant hollow silica shells with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and N2-sorption measurements, the influence of surfactant [cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)] concentration on the surface morphology of hollow silica microspheres templated by PS beads is explained. Previously, CTAB was believed to turn the surface charge of PS beads from negative into positive so that negatively charged silica could be deposited on the PS template. Here, we show CTA+ cations preferentially assemble with silica species to form silica-CTA+ composite nanoparticles. Since the zeta potential of silica-CTA+ composite nanoparticles is smaller than that of pure silica nanoparticles, these composite nanoparticles encounter less repulsion when they are deposited on the surface of PS beads and close to each other. As more CTAB is added, the silica-CTA+ nanoparticles are less negatively charged, and more compact and smooth hollow silica microspheres are obtained.
An epidemiological study of injury in mines: implications for safety promotion

The role of various factors in coal mine-related injuries was investigated using a case – control design. The study setting was two neighbouring underground coal mines in India. Cases comprised mine workers (n = 150) who had sustained a prior mine-related injury from a population of 1000 underground workers. Controls were selected from those mineworkers with no history of a prior mine-related injury using frequency matching (n = 150) from the same source population. Data were collected from the cases and controls using a structured survey questionnaire. Based on the responses of the participants, each factor was grouped into three categories. High – low plots and Chi-square tests were conducted to explore the differences between the cases and controls. Bivariate logistic regression was run to estimate the crude odds of injuries, while multivariate logistic regression estimated the adjusted odds of injuries to the workers for the various variable categories. High – low plots and the Chi-square test clearly revealed that the cases and controls significantly differed in their responses for the variables studied. Accident-involved workers take more risks, are negatively affected, job dissatisfied, feel more production pressure, job stress, work hazards and are less job involved and are more dissatisfied with safety environment and social climate of the mines compared to the controls. The multivariate odds of injuries to high risk taking, negatively affected and job dissatisfied workers are 1.21, 9.34 and 2.00 times more compared to their lowest counterparts. Similarly, workers satisfied with the overall safety practice and safety equipment availability and maintenance are 1.5 and 3.12 times less likely to be injured than the workers with little or no satisfaction with the above factors. It is therefore concluded that negative affectivity and job dissatisfaction are the two major personal level factors that contribute more towards accident/injury in the mines studied. Identification and elimination/reduction of negative attitudes are of utmost importance.
A COMPARISON OF TWO STICKLEBACKS

We present results of an experiment designed to address fundamental issues in the ecology and evolution of plastic trophic morphology: (1) Is observed plasticity adaptive? (2) How much interspecific morphological variation is the result of plasticity? (3) Have different selective regimes resulted in the evolution of different degrees of plasticity? (4) Is genetic variation for phenotypic plasticity present in contemporary populations? We raised fish from two recently diverged species of freshwater threespine sticklebacks on two different diets representative of the natural prey of the two species. Both species exhibited morphological plasticity in an adaptive direction: each species more closely resembled the other when raised on the latter's diet. Dietreversal reduced the natural morphological gap between these two species, ‐1% to 58%, depending on the trait. One species is known to have a more variable diet in the wild than the other species, and we found that it also exhibited the greater amount of morphological plasticity. Given that the two species have recently diverged, this result is compelling evidence that diet variability is important in the evolution of plastic trophic morphology. Finally, by using a full‐sib experimental design, we demonstrated that genetic variation for morphological plasticity exists in contemporary populations, thus confirming that plasticity has evolutionary potential.
Homework Practices, Achievements, and Behaviors of Elementary School Students. Report No. 26.

Data "rom 82 teachers and 1,021 parents and students in their classrooms were used to explore the correlates of homework activities and the effects of homework on elementary school students' achievements and behaviors in school. Six groups of variables that concern homework were examined: homework time; homework appropriateness; student attitudes; teacher practices regarding parent involvement in learning activities at home; parent abilities and resources; and other student and family backgrolind variables. Although findings seemed to be counterintuitive, they indicated that at the elementary school level, low achievement in reading and mathematics, in comparison with high achievement, is associated with rore time spent doing homework, more minutes of parent help, and more frequent requests from teachers for parent involvement. Thus the findings serve as a good example of the inadequacy of correlations to address questions of effects on students. Questions are raised about ways in which elementary school homework can be designed, with parents' help, to prepare students for the skills needed in the upper grades. (RH) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
IM MU N ITY IN MUMPS I . EXPERIMENTS WITH MONKEYS (MACACUS MULATTA). THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONZPLEMENT-FIXING ANTIBODY FOLLOWING INFECTION AND EXPERIMENTS ON IMMUNIZATION BY MEANS OF INACTIVATED VIRUS AND CONVALESCENT

Mumps as a disease of military personnel may be exceedingly troublesome, causing loss of much time from duty and interfering seriously with the movement of troops (1, 2). This fact induced us to undertake the experiments which are described in this and the following papers with the hope that ways may be found by which epidemics can be controlled? The fundamental researches of Johnson and Goodpasture (4-7) demonstrated the causative agent of mumps to be a filterable virus and revealed certain important facts concerning passive and active immunization of the monkey against experimental inoculation. Their investigations, however, left unsolved a number of practical problems. Among the more important are: (a) the development of specific methods of diagnosis, particularly in doubtful cases in which parotitis is absent or is not a prominent feature; (b) the determination of a convenient method for the revelation of susceptibility or resistance among human beings--especially among those who have never experienced an apparent illness but of whom some may have had the disease in an inapparent or "silent" form; (c) the discovery of a means of effectively conferring active immunity upon susceptible individuals; (d) the development of methods for the assay of the protective properties of convalescent sera for the value of which some clinical evidence has been presented (8, 9). In the present paper experiments on monkeys (M. mulatta) are described 2 which gave results that seem significant for the solution of certain of these
Determination of Direction and Velocity of the Objects

In this paper the analysis of methods for determination the direction and velocity of the objects is given. As applied to the problem of geometry assessment for round timber the optimum by the ratio of accuracy and performance is phase correlation method. Nonetheless the pointed problem requires better accuracy and validity, so we had to improve this method and adapt it to the concrete conditions. Modified algorithm was tested on the image database of real technological process of round timber movement on the conveyer belt. The offered method has shown its high effectiveness and validity.
Conditions during adulthood affect cohort-specific reproductive success in an Arctic-nesting goose population

Variation in fitness between individuals in populations may be attributed to differing environmental conditions experienced among birth (or hatch) years (i.e., between cohorts). In this study, we tested whether cohort fitness could also be explained by environmental conditions experienced in years post-hatch, using 736 lifelong resighting histories of Greenland white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons flavirostris) marked in their first winter. Specifically, we tested whether variation in age at first successful reproduction, the size of the first successful brood and the proportion of successful breeders by cohort was explained by environmental conditions experienced on breeding areas in west Greenland during hatch year, those in adulthood prior to successful reproduction and those in the year of successful reproduction, using North Atlantic Oscillation indices as proxies for environmental conditions during these periods. Fifty-nine (8%) of all marked birds reproduced successfully (i.e., were observed on wintering areas with young) only once in their lifetime and 15 (2%) reproduced successfully twice or thrice. Variation in age at first successful reproduction was explained by the environmental conditions experienced during adulthood in the years prior to successful reproduction. Birds bred earliest (mean age 4) when environmental conditions were ‘good’ prior to the year of successful reproduction. Conversely, birds successfully reproduced at older ages (mean age 7) if they experienced adverse conditions prior to the year of successful reproduction. Hatch year conditions and an interaction between those experienced prior to and during the year of successful reproduction explained less (marginally significant) variation in age at first successful reproduction. Environmental conditions did not explain variation in the size of the first successful brood or the proportion of successful breeders. These findings show that conditions during adulthood prior to the year of successful reproduction are most important in determining the age at first successful reproduction in Greenland white-fronted geese. Very few birds bred successfully at all (most only once), which suggests that May environmental conditions on breeding areas have cohort effects that influence lifetime (and not just annual) reproductive success.
Employed Mothers: Understanding Role Balance, Role Overload and Coping

In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Maine, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for " fair use " copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Librarian. It is understood that any copying of publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. This study examined the levels of role balance, role overload and ways of coping among 105 working mothers employed at a large Northeastern university. Factors such as employment status, age, income, education, the number of hours spent at work and number and age of dependents were also examined. In addition, women will be asked to rate the importance of several workplace policies. No significant differences were found for levels of role balance, role overload and ways of coping by employment group or by age of dependents. Hours worked per week and number of children were significant for reducing unexplained variance in role balance scores for the entire sample. Education was also significant for reducing unexplained variance for escape-avoidance coping for the entire sample. iv For only those mothers with children under 18, age of subjects, hours worked per week and number of children were significant for reducing unexplained variance for role balance. Hours worked per week was significant for reducing unexplained variance for role overload only in those mothers with children under 18. Finally, women reported workplace policies that they found important. This study was limited by a small sample size and a lengthy questionnaire. Implications for future research are discussed. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many thanks to Sandy Caron, my advisor, for keeping me focused and assuring me along the way. Countless thanks to Phil Pratt, who helped me glide easily through an overwhelming sea of statistics. Thanks are also due to Bob Milardo who assigned the paper which got me started investigating these topics. Additional thanks to Marie Rosenwasser who helped me through a sticky time of frustration. Special thanks to Bradley for encouraging me daily to finish this project even when I wanted quit. Thank you also to Bradley and Brooks who helped me assemble the enormous mailing to subjects. I want to also thank my entire family for supporting me throughout the years. I cannot express enough gratitude to my parents John …
Seasonal Diagnostic and Predictability of Rainfall in Subtropical South America Based on Tropical Pacific SST

Abstract The seasonality of the simultaneous relationship between tropical Pacific SST and rainfall, as well as rainfall predictability one season in advance in subtropical South America (25°–40°S), is studied using different multivariate techniques. This study shows that ENSO-related rainfall anomalies in subtropical South America are restricted mostly to regions on the eastern and western sides of the continent and mainly during the second half of the year. The relationship is almost exclusively of the warm–wet/cold–dry type, but a more widespread impact is found when anomalously warm conditions prevail in the equatorial Pacific. A spatially coherent region with a significant warm–wet/cold–dry signal is detected in southeastern South America during austral spring (October–November), including southern Brazil, southern Paraguay, Uruguay, and eastern Argentina. This signal moves inland toward the west from spring to early summer. During late winter (July–August), a similar SST–rainfall relationship is fou.
Identification of comment-on sentences in online biomedical documents using support vector machines

MEDLINE(R) is the premier bibliographic online database of the National Library of Medicine, containing approximately 14 million citations and abstracts from over 4,800 biomedical journals. This paper presents an automated method based on support vector machines to identify a "comment-on" list, which is a field in a MEDLINE citation denoting previously published articles commented on by a given article. For comparative study, we also introduce another method based on scoring functions that estimate the significance of each sentence in a given article. Preliminary experiments conducted on HTML-formatted online biomedical documents collected from 24 different journal titles show that the support vector machine with polynomial kernel function performs best in terms of recall and F-measure rates.
Transmission Dynamics of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 in Geneva, Switzerland: Assessing the Effects of Hypothetical Interventions

Recurrent outbreaks of the avian H5N1 influenza virus in Asia represent a constant global pandemic threat. We characterize and evaluate hypothetical public health measures during the 1918 influenza pandemic in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. The transmission rate, the recovery rate, the diagnostic rate, the relative infectiousness of asymptomatic cases, and the proportion of clinical cases are estimated through least-squares fitting of the model to epidemic curve data of the cumulative number of hospital notifications. The latent period and the case fatality proportion are taken from published literature. We determine the variance and identifiability of model parameters via a simulation study. Our epidemic model agrees well with the observed epidemic data. We estimate the basic reproductive number for the spring wave ^ R 1 ¼ 1:49 (95% CI: 1:45–1:53) and the reproductive number for the fall wave ^ R 2 ¼ 3:75 (95% CI: 3:57–3:93). In addition, we estimate the clinical reporting for these two waves to be 59:7% (95% CI: 55:7–63:7) and 83% (95% CI: 79–87). We surmise that the lower reporting in the first wave can be explained by a lack of initial awareness of the epidemic and the relative higher severity of the symptoms experienced during the fall wave. We found that effective isolation measures in hospital clinics at best would only ensure control with probability 0:87 while reducing the transmission rate by 476:5% guarantees stopping an epidemic.
White matter abnormalities are associated with chronic postconcussion symptoms in blast‐related mild traumatic brain injury

Blast‐related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common injury among Iraq and Afghanistan military veterans due to the frequent use of improvised explosive devices. A significant minority of individuals with mTBI report chronic postconcussion symptoms (PCS), which include physical, emotional, and cognitive complaints. However, chronic PCS are nonspecific and are also associated with mental health disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Identifying the mechanisms that contribute to chronic PCS is particularly challenging in blast‐related mTBI, where the incidence of comorbid PTSD is high. In this study, we examined whether blast‐related mTBI is associated with diffuse white matter changes, and whether these neural changes are associated with chronic PCS. Ninety Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans were assigned to one of three groups including a blast‐exposed no − TBI group, a blast‐related mTBI without loss of consciousness (LOC) group (mTBI − LOC), and a blast‐related mTBI with LOC group (mTBI + LOC). PCS were measured with the Rivermead Postconcussion Questionnaire. Results showed that participants in the mTBI + LOC group had more spatially heterogeneous white matter abnormalities than those in the no − TBI group. These white matter abnormalities were significantly associated with physical PCS severity even after accounting for PTSD symptoms, but not with cognitive or emotional PCS severity. A mediation analysis revealed that mTBI + LOC significantly influenced physical PCS severity through its effect on white matter integrity. These results suggest that white matter abnormalities are associated with chronic PCS independent of PTSD symptom severity and that these abnormalities are an important mechanism explaining the relationship between mTBI and chronic physical PCS. Hum Brain Mapp 37:220–229, 2016. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Dense Continuous-Time Tracking and Mapping with Rolling Shutter RGB-D Cameras

We propose a dense continuous-time tracking and mapping method for RGB-D cameras. We parametrize the camera trajectory using continuous B-splines and optimize the trajectory through dense, direct image alignment. Our method also directly models rolling shutter in both RGB and depth images within the optimization, which improves tracking and reconstruction quality for low-cost CMOS sensors. Using a continuous trajectory representation has a number of advantages over a discrete-time representation (e.g. camera poses at the frame interval). With splines, less variables need to be optimized than with a discrete representation, since the trajectory can be represented with fewer control points than frames. Splines also naturally include smoothness constraints on derivatives of the trajectory estimate. Finally, the continuous trajectory representation allows to compensate for rolling shutter effects, since a pose estimate is available at any exposure time of an image. Our approach demonstrates superior quality in tracking and reconstruction compared to approaches with discrete-time or global shutter assumptions.
Isolation and identification of flavonoids from Coreopsis lanceolata L. petals

The methanol extract of Coreopsis lanceolata L. petals was acid-hydrolysed, and 7,3′,4′-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavanone (1) and 6,3′,4′-trihydroxy-7-methoxyaurone (leptosidin) (2) were successfully isolated. The structure of compound 1 is designated to flavanone based on X-ray crystallographic analysis and NMR spectroscopic analysis. Compound 1 showed high-antioxidant effects based on diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (94.3% scavenging rate) and superoxide dismutase-like activity assay (23.9% inhibition rate).
Attribute-Based Encryption Goes X.509

Key authentication as well as an intended recipient not having a key available are, among others, challenges that public key infrastructures (PKIs) still face. Trusted third parties work around these issues. However, identity-based encryption (IBE) systems and later attribute-based encryption (ABE) systems were designed to address these exact challenges. Unfortunately, such schemes became only practicable after public key infrastructures have been picked up by industry. In this work, we present our approach on standing the above mentioned challenges. We propose to utilize recent developments on centralized key storage solutions to bring the features of IBE/ABE systems to PKI-based IT infrastructures. We describe our IBE/ABE emulation approach, present our prototype and give a thorough security evaluation. We found that it is possible to emulate IBE/ABE schemes without compromising security.