Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Étude de l’effet de la metformine sur la survie cellulaire et sur la réparation de l’ADN chez la levure

Recently, metformin has been widely used to treat hyperglycemia of humans that have type II diabetes mellitus. Recently, some epidemiological studies have showed that populations of individuals being treated with metformin showed lower incidence of cancer. For example, there is a 78 % and 46 % reduction in the incidences of liver and pancreatic cancers, respectively. It has also been demonstrated that metformin protects against skin cancers caused by ultraviolet radiation-B (UVB) DNA damage. In this study, I have demonstrated that metformin significantly protects the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae from ultraviolet radiation-C (UVC) and from ultraviolet radiation-A (UVA)-induced death. I also showed that metformin increases the recruitment of the histone Htz1 linked to chromatin. In an htz1Δ strain, the metformin protection from UVAinduced death is significantly reduced. Htz1 is important for the recruitment of Rad14 to sites of DNA damage, important for the detection of these sites. Furthermore, nuclear recruitment of Rad14 was significantly increased in cells previously treated with metformin. In the absence of Htz1, the survival rate to UVA exposure in presence of metformin drops significantly. So, Htz1 and Rad14 are two key proteins involved in the protection by metformin against UV DNA damage. With all the results of this study, it was shown that metformin can confer some protection against UVC and UVA for yeast.
Phosphorylation of a WRKY Transcription Factor by Two Pathogen-Responsive MAPKs Drives Phytoalexin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis[C][W]

WRKY33 functions downstream of pathogen-responsive MPK3 and MPK6 in reprogramming the expression of camalexin biosynthetic genes; this drives the metabolic flow to camalexin production in Arabidopsis challenged by pathogens. Biochemical and genetic analyses demonstrate that the phosphorylation of WRKY33 by MPK3/MPK6 plays an important role in the process. Plant sensing of invading pathogens triggers massive metabolic reprogramming, including the induction of secondary antimicrobial compounds known as phytoalexins. We recently reported that MPK3 and MPK6, two pathogen-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases, play essential roles in the induction of camalexin, the major phytoalexin in Arabidopsis thaliana. In search of the transcription factors downstream of MPK3/MPK6, we found that WRKY33 is required for MPK3/MPK6-induced camalexin biosynthesis. In wrky33 mutants, both gain-of-function MPK3/MPK6- and pathogen-induced camalexin production are compromised, which is associated with the loss of camalexin biosynthetic gene activation. WRKY33 is a pathogen-inducible transcription factor, whose expression is regulated by the MPK3/MPK6 cascade. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays reveal that WRKY33 binds to its own promoter in vivo, suggesting a potential positive feedback regulatory loop. Furthermore, WRKY33 is a substrate of MPK3/MPK6. Mutation of MPK3/MPK6 phosphorylation sites in WRKY33 compromises its ability to complement the camalexin induction in the wrky33 mutant. Using a phospho-protein mobility shift assay, we demonstrate that WRKY33 is phosphorylated by MPK3/MPK6 in vivo in response to Botrytis cinerea infection. Based on these data, we conclude that WRKY33 functions downstream of MPK3/MPK6 in reprogramming the expression of camalexin biosynthetic genes, which drives the metabolic flow to camalexin production in Arabidopsis challenged by pathogens.
Smartphone application as an aid in determination of caries risk and prevention: A pilot study

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the dietary and oral hygiene pattern before and after the usage of cariometer app. Materials and Methods: Dietary score recorded by cariometer was assessed for 7 days for preschool children in the age group of 2–6 years. The frequency of brushing and mouth rinsing was assessed before and after the usage of app. Paired t-test was conducted to compare the dietary score, brushing frequency, and rinsing frequency pre and post the use of the app. Results: There was a significant improvement in the dietary pattern followed by the patients at the day 7 as compared to day 1. About 90% of children brushed twice at day 7 of the use of cariometer. There was a significant increase in the frequency of rinsing after meals at day 7 as compared to day 1 of the use of cariometer. Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in the dietary pattern and the oral hygiene habit after the use of app.
Simulation of the Na/sup +/-Ca/sup ++/ exchanger response to electrical and ionic stimulation in spherical-type cells

The Na/sup +/-Ca/sup ++/ exchanger plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the intracellular calcium concentration (Ca/sub i/) in several animal cell types, like axons, heart muscle, cardiac cells and reconstituted vesicles. It shows a dual operation, extruding or introducing Ca/sup ++/ through the cell membrane, depending on the electrochemical gradients, which in turn applies a membrane potential and ionic concentrations both inside and outside of the cell. We are interested on the dependence of calcium movement through the cell as well as the reversible behaviour of the exchanger. With the aid of a Ca/sup ++/ regulation simulator for spherical-type cells, where we can apply the stimuli at the membrane level, we have been able to verify the presence of inward-outward exchanging currents. Our model includes the diffusion process as a function of time in the cell, and the presence of a Ca/sup ++/ buffer (parvalbumin), both collaborating with the Na/sup +/-Ca/sup ++/ exchanger. This is only a part of the complete model that we have developed, because we were interested only in verifying the role of the exchanger during the presence of different Na/sup +/ and Ca/sup ++/ concentrations.
Adaptation in multisensory neurons

The most studied region in the mammalian brain for multisensory integration is the deep superior colliculus (DSC). Neurophysiological experiments have revealed many response properties of DSC neurons, such as cross-modal enhancement (CME) and sub-additive/additive/super-additive op- erational modes. CME occurs when the response of a multisensory neuron to stimulation in one sensory modality is enhanced, often non-linearly, by temporally and spatially coincident stimulation of a second sensory modality. Response enhancement is frequently larger for weaker input stimuli than for stronger stimuli, a phenomenon known as inverse e®ectiveness. It is believed that a non-linear, saturating response function may underlie CME associated with inverse effectiveness. We explore this idea in more detail, showing that apart from CME, many other response properties of DSC neurons, including the different dynamic ranges of responses to unimodal and multimodal stimuli and the diverse operational modes, also emerge as a direct consequence of a saturating response function such as a sigmoidal function. We then consider the question of how the exact form of a candidate, saturating sigmoidal function could be determined in a DSC neuron. In particular, we suggest that adaptation may determine its exact form. Adaptation to input statistics is a ubiquitous property of sensory neurons. Defining the operating point as the output probability density function, we argue that a neuron maintains an invariant operating point by adapting to the lowest-order moments of the input probability distribution. Based on this notion, we propose a novel adaptation rule that permits unisensory neurons to adapt to the lowest-order statistics of their inputs, and then extend this rule to allow adaptation in multisensory neurons, of which DSC neurons are an example. Adaptation in DSC neurons is expected to change the responses of a neuron to a fixed, probe or test stimulus. Such a neuron would therefore exhibit different CME when presented with the same stimulus drawn from different statistical ensembles. We demonstrate that, for suitable selections of test stimuli, adaptation to an increase in the mean, the variance or the correlation coefficient induce consistent changes in CME. By virtue of the robustness of the results, the underlying adaptation notion can be tested in neurophysiological experiments. Finally, it is known that descending cortical projections from the anterior ectosylvian sulcus and the rostral aspect of the lateral suprasylvian sulcus are indispensable for DSC neurons to exhibit CME. The structure of our proposed adaptation rule for multisensory neurons therefore permits us to speculate that the descending cortical inputs to multisensory DSC neurons facilitate the computation of the correlation coefficient between different sensory channels' activities.
Constrained Multichannel Speech Dereverberation

We propose a multi-channel speech dereverberation approach based on cross-channel cancellation and spectrogram decomposition. The reverberation is modeled as a convolution operation in the spectrogram magnitude domain. Using the Itakura divergence (I-divergence), we decompose reverberant spectrogram into clean spectrogram convolved with a deconvolution ﬁlter. The speech spectrogram is constrained and regularized by non-negativity and sparsity, respectively, while the deconvolution ﬁlter is constrained by non-negativity and cross-channel cancellation. Spectrogram decomposition of individual channels and cross-channel cancellation are jointly op-timized by a multiplicative algorithm to achieve multi-channel speech dereverberation. We conﬁrm through experiment that the proposed multi-channel method outperforms the related other single \ multi-channel methods.
Activating Transcription Factor 3, a Stress-inducible Gene, Suppresses Ras-stimulated Tumorigenesis*

ATF3 is a stress-inducible gene that encodes a member of the ATF/CREB family of transcription factors. Current literature indicates that ATF3 affects cell death and cell cycle progression. However, controversies exist, because it has been demonstrated to be a negative or positive regulator of these processes. We sought to study the roles of ATF3 in both cell death and cell cycle regulation in the same cell type using mouse fibroblasts. We show that ATF3 promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Fibroblasts deficient in ATF3 (ATF3-/-) were partially protected from UV-induced apoptosis, and fibroblasts ectopically expressing ATF3-/- under the tet-off system exhibited features characteristic of apoptosis upon ATF3 induction. Furthermore, ATF3-/- fibroblasts transitioned from G2 to S phase more efficiently than the ATF3+/+ fibroblasts, suggesting a growth arrest role of ATF3. Consistent with the growth arrest and pro-apoptotic roles of ATF3, ATF3- fibroblasts upon Ras transformation exhibited higher growth rate, produced more colonies in soft agar, and formed larger tumor upon xenograft injection than the ATF3+/+ counterparts. ATF3-/- cells, either with or without Ras transformation, had increased Rb phosphorylation and higher levels of various cyclins. Significantly, ATF3 bound to the cyclin D1 promoter as shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and repressed its transcription by a transcription assay. Taken together, our results indicate that ATF3 promotes cell death and cell arrest, and suppresses Ras-mediated tumorigenesis. Potential explanations for the controversy about the roles of ATF3 in cell cycle and cell death are discussed.
Orai1 and TRPC1 Proteins Co-localize with CaV1.2 Channels to Form a Signal Complex in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells*

Voltage-dependent CaV1.2 L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC) are the main route for calcium entry in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Several studies have also determined the relevant role of store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCC) in vascular tone regulation. Nevertheless, the role of Orai1- and TRPC1-dependent SOCC in vascular tone regulation and their possible interaction with CaV1.2 are still unknown. The current study sought to characterize the co-activation of SOCC and LTCC upon stimulation by agonists, and to determine the possible crosstalk between Orai1, TRPC1, and CaV1.2. Aorta rings and isolated VSMC obtained from wild type or smooth muscle-selective conditional CaV1.2 knock-out (CaV1.2KO) mice were used to study vascular contractility, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, and distribution of ion channels. We found that serotonin (5-HT) or store depletion with thapsigargin (TG) enhanced intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and stimulated aorta contraction. These responses were sensitive to LTCC and SOCC inhibitors. Also, 5-HT- and TG-induced responses were significantly attenuated in CaV1.2KO mice. Furthermore, hyperpolarization induced with cromakalim or valinomycin significantly reduced both 5-HT and TG responses, whereas these responses were enhanced with LTCC agonist Bay-K-8644. Interestingly, in situ proximity ligation assay revealed that CaV1.2 interacts with Orai1 and TRPC1 in untreated VSMC. These interactions enhanced significantly after stimulation of cells with 5-HT and TG. Therefore, these data indicate for the first time a functional interaction between Orai1, TRPC1, and CaV1.2 channels in VSMC, confirming that upon agonist stimulation, vessel contraction involves Ca2+ entry due to co-activation of Orai1- and TRPC1-dependent SOCC and LTCC.
Opisthorchis viverrini: ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the glycocalyx of the tegument

Abstract The ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the glycocalyx of the tegument of Opisthorchis viverrini during maturation from newly excysted juvenile to adult stages were investigated using colloidal iron, ruthenium red and lectin stainings. The results showed that the glycocalyx was intensely stained by the first two dyes, thus indicating the presence of relatively high amounts of negative charges. However, the thickness and intensity of the staining decreased during the fluke's maturation. Binding studies using lectin probes on the surface of adult parasites showed that binding sites for Canavaliaensiformis (Con A), Triticum vulgaris (WGA) and Ricinus communis I(RCA I) were present in relative large amounts on the glycocalyx of the adult tegument, whereas those for Dolichos biflorus (DBA) were relatively fewer in number, and those for Ulex europaeus I (UEA I) were absent. The binding patterns of Con A, WGA, RCA I and DBA were generally similar, and the reaction product was uniformly distributed over the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the parasite's body. These bindings, therefore, indicate the presence of D-mannose/D-glucose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine/sialic acid, D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues on the glycocalyx of the adult tegument.
Cache and memory error detection, correction, and reduction techniques for terrestrial servers and workstations

As the size of the SRAM cache and DRAM memory grows in servers and workstations, cosmic-ray errors are becoming a major concern for systems designers and end users. Several techniques exist to detect and mitigate the occurrence of cosmic-ray upset, such as error detection, error correction, cache scrubbing, and array interleaving. This paper covers the tradeoffs of these techniques in terms of area, power, and performance penalties versus increased reliability. In most system applications, a combination of several techniques is required to meet the necessary reliability and data-integrity targets.
Successful pregnancy in a liver transplant recipient treated with lamivudine for de novo hepatitis B in the graft

Pregnancy is often successful after liver transplantation, despite the potentially toxic effects of immunosuppressive drug therapy. Liver transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C or hepatitis B nonetheless appear to be at risk of a worse graft function in the event of pregnancy, and antiviral drugs are generally contraindicated in pregnancy because of their teratogenic effects. A 33-year-old woman had undergone liver transplantation for Caroli’s disease 6 years previously. Two years later the patient experienced de novo HBV hepatitis. Lamivudine treatment (100 mg/day) was started and clearance of HBsAg was documented 1 year later. Four years after starting antiviral treatment the patient became pregnant, despite of the risk of teratogenic effects; lamivudine, cyclosporine and azathioprine were not discontinued for risk of break-through hepatitis and acute or chronic rejection. The course of gestation was uneventful and caesarean section was performed after 36 weeks. The newborn infant was a healthy male weighing 3,080 g and measuring 50 cm.
A riboswitch-containing sRNA controls gene expression by sequestration of a response regulator

A dual-action RNA switch for expression Riboswitches are short segments of RNA that bind small molecules and switch between two different conformations, thereby regulating gene expression (see the Perspective by Chen and Gottesman). DebRoy et al. and Mellin et al. find a new class of riboswitches—in two different species of bacteria—that are both part of and regulate the production of a noncoding RNA. Each riboswitch ensures that a particular metabolic pathway is only activated in the presence of an essential small-molecule cofactor. In the absence of the cofactor, the full-length non-coding RNA is made and binds a regulator protein, preventing the regulator protein from inappropriately activating the metabolic pathway. Science, this issue p. 937 and p. 940; see also p. 876 A riboswitch is both part of, and regulates the activity of, a small noncoding regulatory RNA. [Also see Perspective by Chen and Gottesman] The ethanolamine utilization (eut) locus of Enterococcus faecalis, containing at least 19 genes distributed over four polycistronic messenger RNAs, appears to be regulated by a single adenosyl cobalamine (AdoCbl)–responsive riboswitch. We report that the AdoCbl-binding riboswitch is part of a small, trans-acting RNA, EutX, which additionally contains a dual-hairpin substrate for the RNA binding–response regulator, EutV. In the absence of AdoCbl, EutX uses this structure to sequester EutV. EutV is known to regulate the eut messenger RNAs by binding dual-hairpin structures that overlap terminators and thus prevent transcription termination. In the presence of AdoCbl, EutV cannot bind to EutX and, instead, causes transcriptional read through of multiple eut genes. This work introduces riboswitch-mediated control of protein sequestration as a posttranscriptional mechanism to coordinately regulate gene expression.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Morus nigra L. Fruit Extracts (II)

Antioxidant activity for Morus nigra L. fruit extracts ethanol (Eth. ext.), flavonoid (F. ext.) and anthocyanin (A. ext.) and the isolated pigment (Pig. a) was evaluated using different methods such as (β-carotene-linoleic acid assay, reducing power assay, scavenging of hydrogen peroxide and total antioxidant capacity). The results proved that Pig. (a) was the most potent antioxidant followed by A. ext. and Eth. ext. Black mulberry fruits contained the highest amount of total phenolic content followed by Eth. ext. , whereas flavonoid ext. contained the highest amount of total flavonoid content followed by black mulberry fruits. The effect of pH, temperature and storage had been studied to evaluate the remaining antioxidant capacity of the prepared extracts and Pig. (a). The results showed that the antioxidant capacity was decreased with increasing the time of boiling, storage and extreme pH values.
Studies on the intracellular composition of livers from rats fed various aminoazo dyes; effects on succinoxidase and oxalacetic acid oxidase.

Summary 1.Assays for the succinoxidase and oxalacetic acid oxidase systems were carried out on the livers of rats that had received a stock grain diet, a basal diet containing 12 per cent casein, or the latter diet containing the 2-methyl, 2′-methyl, 3′-methyl, or 4′-fluoro derivatives of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene or 3-methyl-4-monomethylaminoazobenzene for periods of 4–6 weeks. In addition, the 3′-methyl compound was fed for shorter periods to determine the time course of the changes in the case of this compound. 2.The results were compared with the analyses for intracellular components reported in the accompanying paper, and the succinoxidase values were found to correlate most clearly with the values for mitochondrial protein, in accordance with the fact that the enzyme is localized in the mitochondria. 3.The succinoxidase values decreased with increasing carcinogenicity within the C-monomethyl series of derivatives but did not decrease significantly with the strongly carcinogenic 4′-fluoro derivative within the period studied. 4.The succinoxidase values increased to more than double the control values in the case of the 2-methyl derivative, but the oxalacetic acid oxidase enzyme system was not increased in the same samples. 5.The results support the view that the synthesis or multiplication of the mitochondria proceeds independently of cell multiplication, and were discussed in relation to the enzyme-deletion hypothesis of cancer formation.
Soliton Kerr frequency combs with octave bandwidth in integrated Si3N4 microresonators

Frequency combs provide a set of equidistant laser lines and find applications in many areas [1]. Microresonator based Kerr frequency combs are a recent scheme for frequency comb generation promising chip-level integration and novel applications such as coherent terabit telecommunications [2, 3]. The underlying principle is nonlinear frequency conversion of a continuous wave pump laser in a high finesse microresonator. Recently the excitation of dissipative Kerr solitons (DKS) and dispersive wave (DW) formation within the resonator has provided a path to fully coherent Kerr frequency combs with engineered bandwidth [4, 5]. Attaining spectral coverage exceeding one octave is key for several applications like self-referencing via f-2f-interferometry. Although octave spanning Kerr combs have been reported, exciting fully coherent DKS based frequency combs with octave bandwidth has remained challenging.
SentiNLP at IJCNLP-2017 Task 4: Customer Feedback Analysis Using a Bi-LSTM-CNN Model

The analysis of customer feedback is useful to provide good customer service. There are a lot of online customer feedback are produced. Manual classification is impractical because the high volume of data. Therefore, the automatic classification of the customer feedback is of importance for the analysis system to identify meanings or intentions that the customer express. The aim of shared Task 4 of IJCNLP 2017 is to classify the customer feedback into six tags categorization. In this paper, we present a system that uses word embeddings to express the feature of the sentence in the corpus and the neural network as the classifier to complete the shared task. And then the ensemble method is used to get final predictive result. The proposed method get ranked first among twelve teams in terms of micro-averaged F1 and second for accura-cy metric.
Electron Acoustic Waves in Pure Ion Plasmas

Electron Acoustic Waves (EAWs) are the low frequency branch of electrostatic plasma waves. These waves exist in neutralized plasmas, pure electron plasmas and pure ion plasmas. At small amplitude, EAWs have a phase velocity vph≃1.4 v and their frequencies are in agreement with theory. At moderate amplitudes, waves can be excited over a broad range of frequencies and their phase velocity is in the range of 1.4 v⩽vph⩽2.1 v. This frequency variability comes from the plasma adjusting its velocity distribution so as to make the plasma mode resonant with the drive frequency. These plasma waves can also be excited with a chirped frequency drive resulting in extreme modification of the particle distribution, giving almost undamped waves with (γ/ω∼10−5).