Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning From Labeled And Unlabeled Data: An Empirical Study Across Techniques And Domains

There has been increased interest in devising learning techniques that combine unlabeled data with labeled data -- i.e. semi-supervised learning. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been performed across various techniques and different types and amounts of labeled and unlabeled data. Moreover, most of the published work on semi-supervised learning techniques assumes that the labeled and unlabeled data come from the same distribution. It is possible for the labeling process to be associated with a selection bias such that the distributions of data points in the labeled and unlabeled sets are different. Not correcting for such bias can result in biased function approximation with potentially poor performance. In this paper, we present an empirical study of various semi-supervised learning techniques on a variety of datasets. We attempt to answer various questions such as the effect of independence or relevance amongst features, the effect of the size of the labeled and unlabeled sets and the effect of noise. We also investigate the impact of sample-selection bias on the semi -supervised learning techniques under study and implement a bivariate probit technique particularly designed to correct for such bias.
Delineation, Functional Validation, and Bioinformatic Evaluation of Gene Expression in Thyroid Follicular Carcinomas with the PAX8-PPARG Translocation

A subset of follicular thyroid carcinomas contains a balanced translocation, t(2;3)(q13;p25), that results in fusion of the paired box gene 8 (PAX8) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) genes with concomitant expression of a PAX8-PPARγ fusion protein, PPFP. PPFP is thought to contribute to neoplasia through a mechanism in which it acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of wild-type PPARγ. To better understand this type of follicular carcinoma, we generated global gene expression profiles using DNA microarrays of a cohort of follicular carcinomas along with other common thyroid tumors and used the data to derive a gene expression profile characteristic of PPFP-positive tumors. Transient transfection assays using promoters of four genes whose expression was highly associated with the translocation showed that each can be activated by PPFP. PPFP had unique transcriptional activities when compared with PAX8 or PPARγ, although it had the potential to function in ways qualitatively similar to PAX8 or PPARγ depending on the promoter and cellular environment. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that genes with increased expression in PPFP-positive follicular carcinomas include known PPAR target genes; genes involved in fatty acid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism; micro-RNA target genes; and genes on chromosome 3p. These results have implications for the neoplastic mechanism of these follicular carcinomas.
A deployable quadrifilar helix antenna for CubeSat

In this paper we present a new quadrifilar helix antenna designed for CubeSat applications. The quadrifilar helix antenna presented in this paper covers the UHF bandwidth between 250 MHz and 500 MHz. The antenna is fed with four ports and exhibits circular polarization as well as an acceptable gain over the desired frequency range.
TF-SIDF: Term frequency, sketched inverse document frequency

Exact calculation of the TF-IDF weighting function in massive streams of documents involves challenging memory space requirements. In this work, we propose TF-SIDF, a novel solution for extracting relevant words from streams of documents with a high number of terms. TF-SIDF relies on the Count-Min Sketch data structure, which allows to estimate the counts of all the terms in the stream. Results of the experiments conducted with two dataset show that this sketch-based algorithm achieves good approximations of the TF-IDF weighting values (as a rule, the top terms with highest TF-IDF values remaining the same), while substantial savings in memory usage are observed. It is also observed that the performance is highly correlated with the sketch size, and that wider sketch configurations are preferable given the same sketch size.
Ieee Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 1 Bilinear Models for 3d Face and Facial Expression Recognition

In this paper, we explore bilinear models for jointly addressing 3D face and facial expression recognition. An elastically deformable model algorithm that establishes correspondence among a set of faces is proposed first and then bilinear models that decouple the identity and facial expression factors are constructed. Fitting these models to unknown faces enables us to perform face recognition invariant to facial expressions and facial expression recognition with unknown identity. A quantitative evaluation of the proposed technique is conducted on the publicly available BU-3DFE face database in comparison with Wang et al.'s work [1] on facial expression recognition and our previous work [2] on face recognition. Experimental results demonstrate an overall 90.5% facial expression recognition rate and an 86% rank-1 face recognition rate.
Peer Review: A Flawed Process at the Heart of Science and Journals

Peer review is at the heart of the processes of not just medical journals but of all of science. It is the method by which grants are allocated, papers published, academics promoted, and Nobel prizes won. Yet it is hard to define. It has until recently been unstudied. And its defects are easier to identify than its attributes. Yet it shows no sign of going away. Famously, it is compared with democracy: a system full of problems but the least worst we have. When something is peer reviewed it is in some sense blessed. Even journalists recognize this. When the BMJ published a highly controversial paper that argued that a new `disease', female sexual dysfunction, was in some ways being created by pharmaceutical companies, a friend who is a journalist was very excited—not least because reporting it gave him a chance to get sex onto the front page of a highly respectable but somewhat priggish newspaper (the Financial Times). `But,' the news editor wanted to know, `was this paper peer reviewed? '. The implication was that if it had been it was good enough for the front page and if it had not been it was not. Well, had it been? I had read it much more carefully than I read many papers and had asked the author, who happened to be a journalist, to revise the paper and produce more evidence. But this was not peer review, even though I was a peer of the author and had reviewed the paper. Or was it? (I told my friend that it had not been peer reviewed, but it was too late to pull the story from the front page.)
Analog/Digital Ferrite Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas

A planar ferrite phase shifter is designed to exhibit simultaneous analog and digital phase tuning properties. Analog phase control is achieved by using an external magnetizing field, and digital phase change is realized by switching the phase shifter operation from microstrip to waveguide mode. Simulated and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the impedance matching and dual-phase tuning properties. At 9-GHz, a differential digital phase shift of 100°/bit and an analog phase control of 16°/mT is exhibited. When applied in phased array antennas, these easily integrated low-cost planar phase shifters can produce high-resolution wide-angle beam scan by employing analog/digital phase control circuits.
Efficient Versioning for Scientific Array Databases

In this paper, we describe a versioned database storage manager we are developing for the SciDB scientific database. The system is designed to efficiently store and retrieve array-oriented data, exposing a "no-overwrite" storage model in which each update creates a new "version" of an array. This makes it possible to perform comparisons of versions produced at different times or by different algorithms, and to create complex chains and trees of versions. We present algorithms to efficiently encode these versions, minimizing storage space while still providing efficient access to the data. Additionally, we present an optimal algorithm that, given a long sequence of versions, determines which versions to encode in terms of each other (using delta compression) to minimize total storage space or query execution cost. We compare the performance of these algorithms on real world data sets from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Open Street Maps, and several other sources. We show that our algorithms provide better performance than existing version control systems not optimized for array data, both in terms of storage size and access time, and that our delta-compression algorithms are able to substantially reduce the total storage space when versions exist with a high degree of similarity.
Cranioplasty prosthesis manufacturing based on reverse engineering technology

Summary Background Most patients with large focal skull bone loss after craniectomy are referred for cranioplasty. Reverse engineering is a technology which creates a computer-aided design (CAD) model of a real structure. Rapid prototyping is a technology which produces physical objects from virtual CAD models. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical usefulness of these technologies in cranioplasty prosthesis manufacturing. Material/Methods CT was performed on 19 patients with focal skull bone loss after craniectomy, using a dedicated protocol. A material model of skull deficit was produced using computer numerical control (CNC) milling, and individually pre-operatively adjusted polypropylene-polyester prosthesis was prepared. In a control group of 20 patients a prosthesis was manually adjusted to each patient by a neurosurgeon during surgery, without using CT-based reverse engineering/rapid prototyping. In each case, the prosthesis was implanted into the patient. The mean operating times in both groups were compared. Results In the group of patients with reverse engineering/rapid prototyping-based cranioplasty, the mean operating time was shorter (120.3 min) compared to that in the control group (136.5 min). The neurosurgeons found the new technology particularly useful in more complicated bone deficits with different curvatures in various planes. Conclusions Reverse engineering and rapid prototyping may reduce the time needed for cranioplasty neurosurgery and improve the prosthesis fitting. Such technologies may utilize data obtained by commonly used spiral CT scanners. The manufacturing of individually adjusted prostheses should be commonly used in patients planned for cranioplasty with synthetic material.
Performance related energy exchange in haptic human-human interaction in a shared virtual object manipulation task

In order to enable intuitive physical interaction with autonomous robots as well as in collaborative multi-user virtual reality and tele-operation systems a deep understanding of human-human haptic interaction is required. In this paper the effect of haptic interaction in single and dyadic conditions is investigated. Furthermore, an energy-based framework suitable for the analysis of the underlying processes is introduced. A pursuit tracking task experiment is performed where a virtual object is manipulated, jointly by two humans and alone. The performance in terms of the root-mean-square tracking error is improved in dyadic compared to individual conditions, even though the virtual object mass is reduced to one half in the latter. Our results indicate that the interacting partners benefit from role distributions which can be associated with different energy flows.
Energy and macronutrient intake in adolescent sprint athletes: A follow-up study

Abstract Macronutrient intake, height, weight, and body composition of 60 adolescent sprint athletes were estimated every 6 months over 3 years. Seven-day food records were analysed based on the Belgian and Dutch food databanks. The age of participants at the start of the 3-year study was 14.8 ± 1.6 years for female athletes and 14.7 ± 1.9 years for male athletes. Girls and boys gained height (3.4 ± 4.6 cm and 5.9 ± 6.6 cm respectively) and weight (5.6 ± 3.5 kg and 8.7 ± 5.5 kg respectively), whereas percent body fat remained unchanged in both girls and boys (around 17.0% and 8.5% respectively). Mean protein intake of around 1.5 g · kg−1 body weight was within recommendations on each occasion for both sexes. Carbohydrate intakes between 5 and 7 g · kg−1 body weight support a training programme of moderate intensity. Total and saturated fat intakes were high at the start of the study (girls: 31.8 ± 3.5% and 12.2 ± 2.0% of energy intake; boys: 30.3 ± 4.6% and 12.0 ± 1.9% of energy intake) and it appeared to be difficult to achieve and maintain lower intakes. Consistent low fluid intakes around 40 ml · kg−1 body weight were observed. General non-stringent advice for improvement of the diet resulted in significant favourable changes only for the consumption of wholegrain bread, vegetables, and soft drinks. Dietary habits of adolescent sprint athletes are not always according to guidelines and are relatively stable but repeated advice can induce moderate improvements.
Evaluation of antiepileptic drugs.

TWO PRINCIPAL electric shock methods have been employed for the laboratory appraisal of anticonvulsant drugs: ( a ) the method of Putnam and Merritt 1 and ( b ) that of Toman, Swinyard and Goodman. 2 In the former, the anticonvulsant potency of a compound is determined by its ability to raise the electric shock convulsion threshold in the cat. Convulsions are produced in an animal by passing an intermittent current through the brain for ten seconds. The latter method differs from the former in that the abolition of the extensor tonic component of the convulsion is taken as a measure of anticonvulsant activity. In untreated animals given a threshold stimulus for 0.2 second the convulsion begins with flexion, followed by tonic extension of the hindlimbs and then usually by clonic movements. Rats or mice are commonly used in this test. Opinions differ as to the merit of the two methods in the appraisal
The Effects of Musical Training on the Decoding Skills of German-Speaking Primary School Children.

This paper outlines the results of a long-term study of 159 German-speaking primary school children. The correlations between musical skills (perception and differentiation of rhythmical and tonal/melodic patterns) and decoding skills, and the effects of musical training on word-level reading abilities were investigated. Cognitive skills and socioeconomic factors were controlled as covariates in all analysis. The experimental group received special musical training for 9 months. A comparison sample received alternative training (visual arts) for the same amount of time. Another comparison sample did not receive any additional classes during the study period. The results show that rhythmical abilities are correlated significantly positively with decoding skills (both reading accuracy and reading prosody). Tonal skills, however, were not correlated with reading skills. Additionally, the special musical training had a significant effect on reading accuracy in word reading, as analysis of covariance revealed. In this paper, implications for reading development are discussed.
Extraction of Outcrop Points from Visual Hulls for Motion Estimation

In this article, we discuss 3D shape reconstruction of an object in a rigid motion with the volume intersection method. When the object moves rigidly, the cameras change their relative positions to the object at every moment. To estimate the motion correctly, we propose new feature points called outcrop points on the reconstructed 3D shape. These points are guaranteed to be located on the real surface of the object. If the rigid motion of the object can be correctly estimated, cameras at different moments serve as the cameras in different positions virtually. With these cameras in time sequences, we can increase accuracy of the reconstructed 3D shape without increasing the number of cameras. Based on this idea, we reconstruct an accurate shape of the object in motion from images obtained by limited number of cameras. As the result, we can acquire an accurate shape from images in time sequences
Novel Functional Changes during Podocyte Differentiation: Increase of Oxidative Resistance and H-Ferritin Expression

Podocytes are highly specialized, arborized epithelial cells covering the outer surface of the glomerular tuft in the kidney. Terminally differentiated podocytes are unable to go through cell division and hereby they are lacking a key property for regeneration after a toxic injury. Podocytes are long-lived cells but, to date, little is known about the mechanisms that support their stress resistance. Our aim was to investigate whether the well-known morphological changes during podocyte differentiation are accompanied by changes in oxidative resistance in a manner that could support their long-term survival. We used a conditionally immortalized human podocyte cell line to study the morphological and functional changes during differentiation. We followed the differentiation process for 14 days by time-lapse microscopy. During this period nondifferentiated podocytes gradually transformed into large, nonproliferating, frequently multinucleated cells, with enlarged nuclei and opened chromatin structure. We observed that differentiated podocytes were highly resistant to oxidants such as H2O2 and heme when applied separately or in combination, whereas undifferentiated cells were prone to such challenges. Elevated oxidative resistance of differentiated podocytes was associated with increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and H-ferritin expression. Immunohistochemical analysis of normal human kidney specimens revealed that podocytes highly express H-ferritin in vivo as well.
Semantic universals and typology

Starting from the assumption that syntactic categories can be universally identified or correlated (whether or not they are instantiated in every languages), this chapter investigates the relation between them and their semantic interpretations, focusing on the nominal domain. It considers two possibilities: first, there might be a universal stock of categories from which individual languages might draw; second, there may be hypotheses that all languages must instantiate particular categories. The situation in phonological systems is illuminating: the stock of possible sounds is given by a general theory of phonetics-phonology, but not all of the categories need be utilized in every language
Two upstream enhancers collaborate to regulate the spatial patterning and timing of MyoD transcription during mouse development

MyoD is a member of the basic‐helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor family, which regulates muscle determination and differentiation in vertebrates. While it is now well established that the MyoD gene is regulated by Sonic hedgehog, Wnts, and other signals, it is not known how MyoD transcription is initiated and maintained in response to these signals. We have investigated the cis control of MyoD expression to identify and characterize the DNA targets that mediate MyoD transcription in embryos. By monitoring lacZ reporter gene expression in transgenic mice, we show that regulatory information contained in 24 kb of human MyoD 5′ flanking sequence is sufficient to accurately control MyoD expression in embryos. Previous studies have identified two muscle‐specific regulatory regions upstream of MyoD, a 4‐kb region centered at −20 kb (designated fragment 3) that contains a highly conserved 258‐bp core enhancer sequence, and a more proximal enhancer at −5 kb, termed the distal regulatory region (DRR), that heretofore has been identified only in mice. Here, we identify DRR‐related sequences in humans and show that DRR function is conserved in humans and mice. In addition, transcriptional activity of MyoD 5′ flanking sequences in somites and limb buds is largely a composite of the individual specificities of the two enhancers. Deletion of fragment 3 resulted in dramatic but temporary expression defects in the hypaxial myotome and limb buds, suggesting that this regulatory region is essential for proper temporal and spatial patterning of MyoD expression. These data indicate that regulatory sequences in fragment 3 are important targets of embryonic signaling required for the initiation of MyoD expression. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The life cycle in women-owned businesses: from a qualitative growth perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate women-owned businesses from a life cycle perspective and with a qualitative growth approach. Building on previous research that has identified qualitative growth platforms, this paper takes into account the time aspect and investigates perceived barriers and support needs inside different qualitative growth platforms. Design/methodology/approach – The study took place in Sweden and is based on 191 women entrepreneurs in a first survey and 101 women entrepreneurs in a follow-up questionnaire three years later. To answer the research questions, descriptive frequency analysis and logistic regression analysis techniques have been used. Findings – The motivation of growth changes throughout the life cycle, and women entrepreneurs move between different qualitative growth platforms when required building blocks of previous platforms have been established and secured. In this transfer of growth ambition, a significant correlation between business age and intr.
Genetic parameters of total milk yield and factors describing the shape of lactation curve in dairy buffaloes

The objective of this study was to apply factor analysis to describe lactation curves in dairy buffaloes in order to estimate the phenotypic and genetic association between common latent factors and cumulative milk yield. A total of 31 257 monthly test-day milk yield records from buffaloes belonging to herds located in the state of São Paulo were used to estimate two common latent factors, which were then analysed in a multi-trait animal model for estimating genetic parameters. Estimates of (co)variance components for the two common latent factors and cumulated 270-d milk yield were obtained by Bayesian inference using a multiple trait animal model. Contemporary group, number of milkings per day (two levels) and age of buffalo cow at calving (linear and quadratic) as covariate were included in the model as fixed effects. The additive genetic, permanent environmental and residual effects were included as random effects. The first common latent factor (F1) was associated with persistency of lactation and the second common latent factor (F2) with the level of production in early lactation. Heritability estimates for F1 and F2 were 0·12 and 0·07, respectively. Genetic correlation estimates between F1 and F2 with cumulative milk yield were positive and moderate (0·63 and 0·52). Multivariate statistics employing factor analysis allowed the extraction of two variables (latent factors) that described the shape of the lactation curve. It is expected that the response to selection to increase lactation persistency is higher than the response obtained from selecting animals to increase lactation peak. Selection for higher total milk yield would result in a favourable correlated response to increase the level of production in early lactation and the lactation persistency.