Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Listening to the Voices: Multi-ethnic Women in Education

Mexican Americans/Chicanos have been on a historical quest for equality in the United States. This essay outlines important Mexican American Chicanos’ roles in the development of the United States, especially in the Southwest. It addresses issues and patterns of migration as well as the important forces for colonization and the environment. In addition, it reveals the importance of Mexican American women in education and employment. Introduction The quest for equality is a daily struggle for Mexican Americans living in the United States. The journey toward higher education is a precarious path that only students with high-resiliency factors survive (Benard, 2004). In the 21st century, educational attainment continues to be a challenge for Mexican immigrants and United States citizens of Mexican heritage (Hill, 2004). Mexican-heritage women seemingly struggle on two fronts; they struggle for ethnic status and gender equality. To describe this phenomenon, I use a historical lens to highlight some of the struggles Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans have endured to achieve professional status in higher education. To understand the present status of Mexican-heritage women in higher education, it is necessary to trace historical moments and events that created obstacles to achievement for its people. Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans/Chicanos hold an important historical role in the development of the country, particularly in the Southwest. The Mexican American War of 1848 and the rapid development of the Southwest are perhaps the two most significant factors contributing to the socialization of the Mexican in the United States. The 1848 War and the booming development of the Southwest
Classification of Malware based on Data Mining Approach

In recent years, the number of malware families/variants has exploded dramatically. Automatic malware classification is becoming an important research area. Using data mining, we identify seven key features within the Microsoft PE file format that can be fed to machine learning algorithms to classify malware. In this paper, resting on the analysis of Windows API execution sequences called by PE files, we develop the Intelligent Malware Detection System (IMDS) using ObjectiveOriented Association (OOA) mining based classification. IMDS is an integrated system consisting of three major modules: PE parser, OOA rule generator, and rule based classifier. An OOA_Fast_FP Growth algorithm is adapted to efficiently generate OOA rules for classification. Promising experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy and efficiency of our IMDS system outperform popular antivirus software such as Norton Antivirus and McAfee Virus Scan, as well as previous data mining based detection systems which employed Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Decision Tree techniques.
Legislative Elections and the Importance of Money

In this paper we take the analysis of the role of money in legislative elections one step beyond the extant literature by examining the factors that affect the impact of spending on the vote. We hypothesize that two sets of factors, contextual and conversion, condition money's effect on the vote. The analysis of data from 12 state house races finds some significant support for the notion that spending responds to the context and the characteristics of the race, findings which have important theoretical and practical implications.
The Association between Postdiagnosis Dietary Supplement Use and Total Mortality Differs by Diet Quality among Older Female Cancer Survivors

Background: Dietary supplements are widely used by cancer survivors. However, health effects among older cancer survivors are unclear. Methods: We used the Iowa Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study with 2,118 postmenopausal women with a confirmed cancer diagnosis (1986–2002), to evaluate the association between postdiagnosis dietary supplement use assessed in 2004 and subsequent all-cause mortality. Risk of death was evaluated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression. We performed stratified analyses by diet quality score, dietary micronutrient intake, and perceived general health. Results: Through 2010, 608 deaths were identified. Approximately 85% of the cancer survivors used dietary supplements. Overall supplement use and multivitamin use were not associated with mortality. Iron supplement use was associated with 39% higher risk of death [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09–1.77]. This association was stronger among survivors with deteriorating general health. Folic acid supplement use was associated with higher risk of death, only among survivors reporting low-quality diets (HR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.33–4.08; Pinteraction = 0.006). Multivitamin use and using a greater number of supplements was associated with a trend towards higher mortality only among those with poor diet quality. Using vitamin E supplements in combination with multivitamin was associated with lower risk of death only among survivors with higher dietary vitamin E intake (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39–0.94; Pinteraction = 0.02). Conclusions: Postdiagnosis supplement use was associated with higher mortality among older female cancer survivors with poor general health and/or poor dietary intake. Impact: The association between postdiagnosis dietary supplement use and mortality may differ by diet quality and health status among older female cancer survivors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(5); 865–75. ©2014 AACR.
Histone Deacetylase 7 Promotes PML Sumoylation and Is Essential for PML Nuclear Body Formation

ABSTRACT Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) sumoylation has been proposed to control the formation of PML nuclear bodies (NBs) and is crucial for PML-dependent cellular processes, including apoptosis and transcriptional regulation. However, the regulatory mechanisms of PML sumoylation and its specific roles in the formation of PML NBs remain largely unknown. Here, we show that histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) knockdown reduces the size and the number of the PML NBs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HDAC7 coexpression stimulates PML sumoylation independent of its HDAC activity. Furthermore, HDAC7 associates with the E2 SUMO ligase, Ubc9, and stimulates PML sumoylation in vitro, suggesting that it possesses a SUMO E3 ligase-like activity to promote PML sumoylation. Importantly, HDAC7 knockdown inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced PML sumoylation and the formation of PML NBs in HUVECs. These results demonstrate a novel function of HDAC7 and provide a regulatory mechanism of PML sumoylation.
Protein‐Templated Fragment Ligations—From Molecular Recognition to Drug Discovery

Abstract Protein‐templated fragment ligation is a novel concept to support drug discovery and can help to improve the efficacy of protein ligands. Protein‐templated fragment ligations are chemical reactions between small molecules (“fragments”) utilizing a protein's surface as a reaction vessel to catalyze the formation of a protein ligand with increased binding affinity. The approach exploits the molecular recognition of reactive small‐molecule fragments by proteins both for ligand assembly and for the identification of bioactive fragment combinations. In this way, chemical synthesis and bioassay are integrated in one single step. This Review discusses the biophysical basis of reversible and irreversible fragment ligations and gives an overview of the available methods to detect protein‐templated ligation products. The chemical scope and recent applications as well as future potential of the concept in drug discovery are reviewed.
Novel role of 26RFa, a hypothalamic RFamide orexigenic peptide, as putative regulator of the gonadotropic axis

The close link between reproductive function and body energy stores relies on a complex neuroendocrine network of common regulatory signals, the nature of which is yet to be fully elucidated. Recently, 26RFa was identified in amphibians and mammals as a conserved hypothalamic neuropeptide of the RFamide family, with a potent orexigenic activity. Yet, despite its proposed role as hypophysiotropic factor, the function of 26RFa in the control of pituitary gonadotropins and, hence, of the reproductive axis remains unexplored. In the present study, the effects of 26RFa on gonadotropin secretion were evaluated in the rat by a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches. At the pituitary, 26RFa dose‐dependently enhanced basal and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH)‐stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion from male and cyclic female rats. This effect was mimicked by the active fragment 26RFa20–26, as well as by the related 43RFa peptide. Moreover, expression of the genes encoding 26RFa and its putative receptor, GPR103, was demonstrated in rat pituitary throughout postnatal development. In vivo, intracerebral injection of 26RFa evoked a significant increase in serum LH levels in cyclic and ovariectomized females; this response which was also observed after central injection of 26RFa20–26 and 43RFa peptides, as well as after systemic administration of 26RFa. Conversely, central and systemic injection of 26RFa failed to significantly modify gonadotropin secretion in adult male rats, even after repeated administration of the peptide. In summary, we present herein novel evidence for the potential role of the orexigenic peptide 26RFa in the control of the gonadotropic axis, thus suggesting its potential involvement in the joint control of energy balance and reproduction, especially in the female.
A high-gain planar dipole antenna for 60-GHz band 3-D system-in-package modules

We propose a novel high-gain 60-GHz band planar dipole antenna for 60-GHz band 3-D system-in-package (SiP) front-end modules. To achieve high gain, we extend a dielectric substrate to main-beam direction. As a result of optimization of dielectric substrate length l, optimal substrate length l is 29.2mm(5.84λ0) since maximum gain of 15.3 dBi is obtained. Compared with l = 1.2 [mm] (0.24λ0), gain enhancement of 10 dB is derived. Simulation results have good agreement with measurement results. Therefore, we confirm validity of configuration of the antenna for gain enhancement at 60-GHz band.
Computational modeling of a new fluorescent biosensor for caspase proteolytic activity improves dynamic range

The class of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) protein biosensors that are useful for measuring protease activity is composed of a tandem fusion of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), a cleavage recognition sequence, and cyan fluorescent protein (CFP). The dynamic range of these FRET-based protein biosensors is often weak, but applications such as high throughput drug screening require stronger dynamic ranges. Using the biosensor for the caspase-3 protease as an example, here we showed a computational approach to improve the FRET dynamic range based on the atomic structure of caspase-3 bound to its inhibitor. This result was verified from our experiments where the FRET dynamic range improved by at least 60% on average in both in vitro and in vivo contexts. In concept, the same strategy can be applied to improve dynamic range of other FRET-based protein biosensors for protease activity where there exist solved atomic structures for protein complexes
Understanding the limiting factors of page migration in hybrid main memory

Combining DRAM and non-volatile memory (NVM) has been proposed to increase capacity and reliability, and to decrease energy consumption. Software-managed hybrid memory is a promising way to incorporate NVM in main memory due to its architectural simplicity. However, there are significant performance issues caused by interference in the memory system due to data migration between DRAM and NVM and a lack of effective migration policies. We propose new analysis and simulation techniques to understand the behavior of software-managed hybrid memory. These techniques allow us to characterize the overhead experienced by requests in the memory hierarchy and identify the factors that limit performance in software-managed hybrid memory. We show that queuing delays at the NVM banks and NVM bus are the main limiting factors.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Acetaminophen, Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen, and Acetaminophen and Codeine for Postoperative Pain Relief After Mohs Surgery and Cutaneous Reconstruction

BACKGROUND There are no population‐based data comparing analgesics after Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and reconstruction. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy in pain management of three analgesic combinations. METHODS In a randomized, double‐blind, controlled study, patients undergoing MMS and reconstruction for head and neck skin cancers received 1,000 mg of acetaminophen (Ac), 1,000 mg Ac plus 400 mg ibuprofen (Ib), or 325 mg Ac plus 30 mg codeine (Co) immediately after surgery and every 4 hours for up to four doses. Patients rated their pain on a visual analog scale (VAS) 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after surgery and recorded medication‐related side effects. RESULTS The Ac+Ib group had the lowest pain scores (mean change from baseline/immeditely prior to surgery) at each postoperative recorded time interval and a significantly smaller change from baseline pain scores than the Ac+Co group at 4 hours (p=.005) and the Ac group at 8 hours (p=.02). Ac+Ib was also superior in pain control for patients with surgical areas smaller than 10 cm2. Complications in the Ib+Ac group were significantly lower than in the Ac+Co group but not the Ac group. CONCLUSIONS The combination of Ac+Ib is superior to Ac alone or Ac+Co in controlling postoperative pain after MMS and cutaneous reconstruction. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
Towards a critical understanding of mutuality in mental healthcare: relationships, power and social capital.

A review/position paper compiled as part of the Creative Practice as Mutual Recovery project. This is the peer reviewed version of the article: which has been published in final form at 10.1111/jpm.12269. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving
Efficient Network Resource Preallocation on Demand in Multitenant Cloud Systems

Fair bandwidth guarantee has always been a problem in cloud center networks. Normally, tenants are selfish and their selfishness is not well controlled by existing network resource allocation methods, which usually results in link congestion and unfair allocation. Thus, it is critical for cloud providers to balance and at the same time maximize the network resource utilization rate to fairly provide bandwidth for tenants on demand. Inspired by this, this paper proposes a network resource preallocation model, which could be applied in cloud centers using software-defined network technology. Based on network model and tenants’ bandwidth demands, cloud providers could generate enormous resource preallocation strategies and choose the optimal one from them. As an issue of computational time consumption, we further use a genetic algorithm in the optimal strategy choosing procedure. The experiment results show that our method has maximally 15% improvement on the decrease of unsatisfied bandwidth demands of tenants comparing with common equal cost multipaths method.
Profile-driven parallelisation of sequential programs

Traditional parallelism detection in compilers is performed by means of static analysis and more specifically data and control dependence analysis. The information that is available at compile time, however, is inherently limited and therefore restricts the parallelisation opportunities. Furthermore, applications written in C – which represent the majority of today’s scientific, embedded and system software – utilise many lowlevel features and an intricate programming style that forces the compiler to even more conservative assumptions. Despite the numerous proposals to handle this uncertainty at compile time using speculative optimisation and parallelisation, the software industry still lacks any pragmatic approaches that extracts coarse-grain parallelism to exploit the multiple processing units of modern commodity hardware. This thesis introduces a novel approach for extracting and exploiting multiple forms of coarse-grain parallelism from sequential applications written in C. We utilise profiling information to overcome the limitations of static data and control-flow analysis enabling more aggressive parallelisation. Profiling is performed using an instrumentation scheme operating at the Intermediate Representation (Ir) level of the compiler. In contrast to existing approaches that depend on low-level binary tools and debugging information, Ir-profiling provides precise and direct correlation of profiling information back to the Ir structures of the compiler. Additionally, our approach is orthogonal to existing automatic parallelisation approaches and additional fine-grain parallelism may be exploited. We demonstrate the applicability and versatility of the proposed methodology using two studies that target different forms of parallelism. First, we focus on the exploitation of loop-level parallelism that is abundant in many scientific and embedded applications. We evaluate our parallelisation strategy against the Nas and Spec Fp benchmarks and two different multi-core platforms (a shared-memory Intel Xeon Smp and a heterogeneous distributed-memory Ibm Cell blade). Empirical evaluation shows that our approach not only yields significant improvements when compared with stateof-the-art parallelising compilers, but comes close to and sometimes exceeds the performance of manually parallelised codes. On average, our methodology achieves 96% of the performance of the hand-tuned parallel benchmarks on the Intel Xeon platform, and a significant speedup for the Cell platform. The second study, addresses the problem of partially sequential loops, typically found in implementations of multimedia codecs. We develop a more powerful whole-program representation based on
Zirconia with laser-modified microgrooved surface vs. titanium implants covered with melatonin stimulates bone formation. Experimental study in tibia rabbits.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate if zirconia implants with micro-grooved surfaces supplemented with melatonin enhance the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) vs. titanium implants with the same coating. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty implants divided in four groups were inserted in the tibia of 20 New Zealand rabbits as follows: (group A) 20 titanium implants; (group B) 20 micro-grooved zirconia implants; (group C) 20 titanium implants supplemented with melatonin and (group D) 20 micro-grooved zirconia implants supplemented with melatonin. Histometric and SEM evaluation of BIC were evaluated after 1 and 4 weeks. RESULTS At 1 week, group C (29.7 ± 2.4%) and group D (28.9 ± 1.3%) implants showed higher BIC% compared with group A and B (P < 0.05). After 4 weeks, group D showed higher BIC compared with all the groups (47.5 ± 2.2%) (P < 0.05). Also Connective tissue was higher in groups B (78.9 ± 2.1%) and D (88.7 ± 1.2%) related to titanium and zirconia melatonin untreated at 4 weeks (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this pilot study in rabbits, we can conclude that the local application of melatonin increases the BIC values in titanium and in zirconia implants at 1 week.
PRUCC-RM: Permission-Role-Usage Cardinality Constrained Role Mining

Role Based Access Control (RBAC) models have been adopted in many organizations as the standard way to implement security policies and assign access to restricted resources to roles and roles to users. To capture the business relationships within the organization and efficiently migrate towards RBAC, several role mining techniques have been defined. Constraints on the resulting roles and assignments to users can be imposed to filter out inconsistent situations produced by the automatic algorithm and to better capture the status of the organization. In this paper we are interested in constraints on the number of permissions that can be included in a role and on the number of persons a role can be assigned to. We analyze the problem and propose a couple of heuristics. The heuristics have been applied to standard datasets to validate their performance.
Experimental Transmission of Sheep Scrapie by Intracerebral and Oral Routes to Genetically Susceptible Suffolk Sheep in the United States

Scrapie is a naturally occurring fatal neurodegenerative disease of sheep and goats. Susceptibility to the disease is partly dependent on the genetic makeup of the host. This study documents clinicopathological findings and the distribution of abnormal prion proteins (PrPres) by immunohistochemical and Western blot techniques, in tissues of genetically susceptible sheep inoculated with US sheep scrapie agents. Four-month-old Suffolk lambs (QQ or HQ at codon 171) were inoculated (5 intracerebrally and 19 orally) with an inoculum (#13–7) consisting of a pool of scrapie-affected sheep brains. Intracerebrally inoculated animals were euthanized when advanced clinical signs of scrapie were observed. Orally inoculated animals were euthanized at predetermined time points (4, 9, 12, 15, and 21 months postinoculation [PI]) and thereafter when the animals had terminal signs of disease. All intracerebrally inoculated animals exhibited clinical signs of scrapie and were euthanized between 13 and 24 months PI. Spongiform lesions in the brains and PrPres deposits in central nervous system and lymphoid tissues were present in these sheep. In orally inoculated sheep, clinical signs of scrapie were seen between 27 and 43 months PI in 5/9 animals. The earliest detectable PrPres was observed in brainstem and lymphoid tissues of a clinically normal, orally inoculated sheep at 15 months PI. Three of the 4 clinically normal sheep were positive at 15, 20, and 49 months PI by PrPres immunohistochemistry.
Eye movement patterns during the processing of musical and linguistic syntactic incongruities.

It has been suggested that music and language share syntax-supporting brain mechanisms. Consequently, violations of syntax in either domain may have similar effects. The present study examined the effects of syntactic incongruities on eye movements and reading time in both music and language domains. In the music notation condition, the syntactic incongruities violated the prevailing musical tonality (i.e., the last bar of the incongruent sequence was a nontonic chord or nontonic note in the given key). In the linguistic condition, syntactic incongruities violated the expected grammatical structure (i.e., sentences with anomalies carrying the progressive –ing affix or the past tense inflection). Eighteen pianists were asked to sight-read and play musical phrases (music condition) and read sentences aloud (linguistic condition). Syntactic incongruities in both domains were associated with an increase in the mean proportion and duration of fixations in the target region of interest, as well as longer reading duration. The results are consistent with the growing evidence of a shared network of neural structures for syntactic processing, while not ruling out the possibility of independent networks for each domain.