Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LPFML : A W 3 C XML Schema for Linear Programming

There are numerous algebraic modeling languages for generating linear programs and numerous solvers for computing solutions to linear programs. This proliferation of modeling languages and solvers is frustrating to modelers who find that only certain languages connect to certain solvers. One way to encourage modeler-solver compatibility is to use a standard representation of a problem instance, so that all modeling languages and all solvers deal with problem instances in the same form. Such a standard should be able to express instance-specific and vendor-specific information, should be simple to manipulate and validate, and should promote the integration of optimization software with other software. Given the increasing importance of XML for data representation and exchange, and XML’s ability to support the characteristics above, it is natural to base a proposal for a standard for representing problem instances on XML. In this paper, we present the LPFML Schema, a W3C Schema for representing linear programming problem instances in XML. We also describe a library of open-source C++ classes that we have written to facilitate the exchange of information between modeling languages and solvers. We show how these classes have been used to provide previously unavailable language-solver connections.
Towards a hydrological classification of European soils: preliminary test of its predictive power for the base flow index using river discharge data

Abstract. Predicting discharge in ungauged catchments or contaminant movement through soil requires knowledge of the distribution and spatial heterogeneity of hydrological soil properties. Because hydrological soil information is not available at a European scale, we reclassified the Soil Geographical Database of Europe (SGDBE) at 1:1 million in a hydrological manner by adopting the Hydrology Of Soil Types (HOST) system developed in the UK. The HOST classification describes dominant pathways of water movement through soil and was related to the base flow index (BFI) of a catchment (the long-term proportion of base flow on total stream flow). In the original UK study, a linear regression of the coverage of HOST classes in a catchment explained 79% of BFI variability. We found that a hydrological soil classification can be built based on the information present in the SGDBE. The reclassified SGDBE and the regression coefficients from the original UK study were used to predict BFIs for 103 catchments spread throughout Europe. The predicted BFI explained around 65% of the variability in measured BFI in catchments in Northern Europe, but the explained variance decreased from North to South. We therefore estimated new regression coefficients from the European discharge data and found that these were qualitatively similar to the original estimates from the UK. This suggests little variation across Europe in the hydrological effect of particular HOST classes, but decreasing influence of soil on BFI towards Southern Europe. Our preliminary study showed that pedological information is useful for characterising soil hydrology within Europe and the long-term discharge regime of catchments in Northern Europe. Based on these results, we draft a roadmap for a refined hydrological classification of European soils.
Using association rules for discovering tag bundles in social tagging data

Social tagging has become very popular with the rise of Web 2.0, making it an important piece of the puzzle that makes up the web phenomenon. In contrast to more elaborate ways of organizing resources, such as taxonomies or ontologies, tagging is very easy to use and understand. Because of its simplicity tagging does not create explicit, formalized, structures. By applying a well-established data mining algorithm we show how common structures in form of tag bundles (a set of related tags) can automatically be derived from a bag of tags. Based on these computed tag bundles tagging applications can assist users with improved user interfaces by introducing user based semantic labelling. For navigating and searching his or her tagged information space there are certainly better user interface elements possible than a tag cloud or a plain list of tags ordered by frequency. We propose that combining frequently associated tags into a tag bundle is such a way. We have tested our approach on a data set gained from Delicious and evaluated it by utilizing the Normalized Google Distance.
A Novel Large In-Frame Deletion within the CACNA1F Gene Associates with a Cone-Rod Dystrophy 3-Like Phenotype

Cone-rod dystrophies (CORDs) represent a heterogeneous group of monogenic diseases leading to early impairment of vision. The majority of CORD entities show autosomal modes of inheritance and X-linked traits are comparably rare. So far, three X-chromosomal entities were reported (CORDX1, -X2 and -X3). In this study, we analysed a large family of German origin with solely affected males over three generations showing a CORDX-like phenotype. Due to the heterogeneity of cone-rod dystrophies, we performed a combined linkage and X-exome sequencing approach and identified a novel large intragenic in-frame deletion encompassing exons 18 to 26 within the CACNA1F gene. CACNA1F is described causative for CORDX3 in a single family originating from Finland and alterations in this gene have not yet been reported in other CORDX pedigrees. Our data independently confirm CACNA1F as the causative gene for CORDX3-like phenotypes and detailed clinical characterization of the family expands the knowledge about the phenotypic spectrum of deleterious CACNA1F alterations.
Multiform glyph based web search result visualization

Searching for information on the web is hard; the user may not know what they are looking for, they may refine their search from information gathered by preliminary naive searches, and they may be looking for luminous sites that have many external links so that they can browse further. Information visualization can aid the user in many of these search related tasks. Certainly, the user is familiar with browsing and manipulating the search results through textual style interfaces, but they would gain a better understanding of the information through different presentation methods. Thus, we believe rank ordered lists should be used along-side abstract information visualization presentations. We present a system that displays multiple views of search result information. It provides views for displaying abstract visualization designs using multiform glyphs as well as a ranked text based list. Our engine also retrieves detailed information about the located sites (such as size of page, and quantities of internal and external links); and we describe two glyph designs that display this rich information.
MODELS OF FACE RECOGNITION AND DELUSIONAL MISIDENTIFICATION: A CRITICAL REVIEW

The “two-route model of face recognition” proposed by Bauer (1984) and adopted by Ellis and Young (1990), has become a widely accepted model in studies of face processing disorders, including both prosopagnosia and the delusional misidentification syndromes. We review the origin and application of the two-route model of face recognition in examining both the neuroanatomical pathways and the cognitive pathways to face recognition. With respect to the neuroanatomy, we conclude that face recognition is subserved by a single pathway, the ventral visual pathway, as there is no evidence to suggest that the dorsal visual pathway is capable of visual recognition or of providing an affective response to familiar stimuli. We demonstrate how operation of the ventral visual pathway and its connections to the amygdala can parsimoniously account for the findings in the literature on prosopagnosia and delusional misidentification syndromes. In addition, we propose a cognitive model of face processing stemming from the work of Bruce and Young (1986). Our model involves two pathways subsequent to the system responsible for face recognition: one pathway to a system containing semantic and biographical information about the seen face, and a second pathway to a system responsible for the generation of an affective response to faces that are familiar. We demonstrate how this cognitive model can explain the dissociations between overt and covert recognition observed in prosopagnosia and the Capgras delusion.
PRP and Articular Cartilage: A Clinical Update

The convincing background of the recent studies, investigating the different potentials of platelet-rich plasma, offers the clinician an appealing alternative for the treatment of cartilage lesions and osteoarthritis. Recent evidences in literature have shown that PRP may be helpful both as an adjuvant for surgical treatment of cartilage defects and as a therapeutic tool by intra-articular injection in patients affected by osteoarthritis. In this review, the authors introduce the trophic and anti-inflammatory properties of PRP and the different products of the available platelet concentrates. Then, in a complex scenario made of a great number of clinical variables, they resume the current literature on the PRP applications in cartilage surgery as well as the use of intra-articular PRP injections for the conservative treatment of cartilage degenerative lesions and osteoarthritis in humans, available as both case series and comparative studies. The result of this review confirms the fascinating biological role of PRP, although many aspects yet remain to be clarified and the use of PRP in a clinical setting has to be considered still exploratory.
From trajectories to averages: an improved description of the heterogeneity of substitution rates along lineages.

The accuracy and precision of species divergence date estimation from molecular data strongly depend on the models describing the variation of substitution rates along a phylogeny. These models generally assume that rates randomly fluctuate along branches from one node to the next. However, for mathematical convenience, the stochasticity of such a process is ignored when translating these rate trajectories into branch lengths. This study addresses this shortcoming. A new approach is described that explicitly considers the average substitution rates along branches as random quantities, resulting in a more realistic description of the variations of evolutionary rates along lineages. The proposed method provides more precise estimates of the rate autocorrelation parameter as well as divergence times. Also, simulation results indicate that ignoring the stochastic variation of rates along edges can lead to significant overestimation of specific node ages. Altogether, the new approach introduced in this study is a step forward to designing biologically relevant models of rate evolution that are well suited to data sets with dense taxon sampling which are likely to present rate autocorrelation. The computer programme PhyTime, part of the PhyML package and implementing the new approach, is available from http://code.google. com/p/phyml (last accessed 1 August 2012).
Inspiratory muscle training improves rowing performance.

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a period of resistive inspiratory muscle training (IMT) upon rowing performance. METHODS Performance was appraised in 14 female competitive rowers at the commencement and after 11 wk of inspiratory muscle training on a rowing ergometer by using a 6-min all-out effort and a 5000-m trial. IMT consisted of 30 inspiratory efforts twice daily. Each effort required the subject to inspire against a resistance equivalent to 50% peak inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax) by using an inspiratory muscle training device. Seven of the rowers, who formed the placebo group, used the same device but performed 60 breaths once daily with an inspiratory resistance equivalent to 15% PImax. RESULTS The inspiratory muscle strength of the training group increased by 44 +/- 25 cm H2O (45.3 +/- 29.7%) compared with only 6 +/- 11 cm H2O (5.3 +/- 9.8%) of the placebo group (P < 0.05 within and between groups). The distance covered in the 6-min all-out effort increased by 3.5 +/- 1.2% in the training group compared with 1.6 +/- 1.0% in the placebo group (P < 0.05). The time in the 5000-m trial decreased by 36 +/- 9 s (3.1 +/- 0.8%) in the training group compared with only 11 +/- 8 s (0.9 +/- 0.6%) in the placebo group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the resistance of the training group to inspiratory muscle fatigue after the 6-min all-out effort was improved from an 11.2 +/- 4.3% deficit in PImax to only 3.0 +/- 1.6% (P < 0.05) pre- and post-intervention, respectively. CONCLUSIONS IMT improves rowing performance on the 6-min all-out effort and the 5000-m trial.
Early invasive versus ischaemia-guided strategies in the management of non-Q wave myocardial infarction patients with and without prior myocardial infarction; results of Veterans Affairs Non-Q Wave Infarction Strategies in Hospital (VANQWISH) trial.

AIMS To compare the role of early invasive vs conservative management strategies in treating patients with non-Q wave myocardial infarction with or without a prior myocardial infarction. BACKGROUND In patients recovering from non-Q wave myocardial infarction, the prognosis among patients with a first non-Q wave myocardial infarction is significantly better than in patients with a prior myocardial infarction, yet physicians often adopt an early invasive strategy to treat patients with a first non-Q wave myocardial infarction. METHODS Non-Q wave myocardial infarction patients enrolled in the VANQWISH trial with a history of prior myocardial infarction were compared to those with a first non-Q wave myocardial infarction, for the trial primary end-point of death or myocardial infarction at 1 and 12 months, as well as for the initial randomized treatment strategy. RESULTS Of the 920 non-Q wave myocardial infarction patients, 396 had a history of prior myocardial infarction and 524 did not. Patients with a history of prior myocardial infarction were older and had a higher incidence of multiple high-risk baseline characteristics than those with a first non-Q wave myocardial infarction. Compared to the group with a first myocardial infarction, the prior myocardial infarction group suffered more events at both 1 month (11% vs 6%, P=0.007) and at 12 months (29% vs 16%, P<0.001). This difference in outcome remained significant even after adjusting for confounding variables (P<0.0001 at 12 months). Among the non-Q wave myocardial infarction patients with a prior myocardial infarction, the frequency of death or recurrent myocardial infarction was similar in both invasive and conservative groups during the first year of follow-up. Among the first non-Q wave myocardial infarction group, those assigned to the conservative strategy had significantly fewer events (3% vs 9%, P=0.009 at 1 month; 12% vs 20%, P=0.016 at 12 months) and mortality (1% vs 5%, P=0.012 at one month; 5% vs 11%, P=0.009 at 12 months) than those assigned to early invasive strategy. CONCLUSION A history of prior myocardial infarction identifies a moderately high-risk subset of non-Q wave myocardial infarction patients who display similar long-term outcomes regardless of the strategy assignment; however, patients with a first non-Q wave myocardial infarction may fare better with a conservative or ischaemia-guided approach during the first post infarction year.
Generation of Duplicated Off-Line Signature Images for Verification Systems

Biometric researchers have historically seen signature duplication as a procedure relevant to improving the performance of automatic signature verifiers. Different approaches have been proposed to duplicate dynamic signatures based on the heuristic affine transformation, nonlinear distortion and the kinematic model of the motor system. The literature on static signature duplication is limited and as far as we know based on heuristic affine transforms and does not seem to consider the recent advances in human behavior modeling of neuroscience. This paper tries to fill this gap by proposing a cognitive inspired algorithm to duplicate off-line signatures. The algorithm is based on a set of nonlinear and linear transformations which simulate the human spatial cognitive map and motor system intra-personal variability during the signing process. The duplicator is evaluated by increasing artificially a training sequence and verifying that the performance of four state-of-the-art off-line signature classifiers using two publicly databases have been improved on average as if we had collected three more real signatures.
Exoplanet Imaging with a Phase-induced Amplitude Apodization Coronagraph III. Hybrid Approach: Optical Design and Diffraction Analysis

Properly apodized pupils can deliver point spread functions (PSFs) free of Airy rings, and are suitable for high dynamical range imaging of extrasolar terrestrial planets (ETPs). To reach this goal, classical pupil apodization (CPA) unfortunately requires most of the light gathered by the telescope to be absorbed, resulting in poor throughput and low angular resolution. Phase-induced amplitude apodization (PIAA) of the telescope pupil (Guyon 2003) combines the advantages of classical pupil apodization (particularly low sensitivity to low order aberrations) with full throughput, no loss of angular resolution and little chromaticity, which makes it, theoretically, an extremely attractive coronagraph for direct imaging of ETPs. The two most challenging aspects of this technique are (1) the difficulty to polish the required optics shapes and (2) diffraction propagation effects which, because of their chromaticity, can decrease the spectral bandwidth of the coronagraph. We show that a properly designed hybrid system combining classical apodization with the PIAA technique can solve both problems simultaneously. For such a system, the optics shapes can be well within today's optics manufacturing capabilities, and the $10^{-10}$ PSF contrast at $\approx 1.5 \lambda/D$ required for efficient imaging of ETPs can be maintained over the whole visible spectrum. This updated design of the PIAA coronagraph maintains the high performance of the earlier design, since only a small part of the light is lost in the classical apodizer(s).
Parallel branch-and-bound approach with MPI technology in inferring chemical compounds with path frequency

Drug design is the approach of finding drugs by design using computational tools. When designing a new drug, the structure of the drug molecule can be modeled by classification of potential chemical compounds. Kernel Methods have been successfully used in classifying potential chemical compounds. Frequency of labeled paths has been proposed to map compounds into feature in order to classify the characteristics of target compounds. In this study, we proposed an algorithm based on Kernel method via parallel computing technology to reduce computation time. This less constrain of timing allows us to aim at back tracking a full scheme of all of the possible pre-images, regardless of their difference in molecular structure, only if they shared with the same feature vector. Our method is modified on BB-CIPF and used MPI to reduce the computation time. The experimental results show that our algorithms can reduce the computation time effectively for chemical compound inference problem.
Apical Budding of a Recombinant Influenza A Virus Expressing a Hemagglutinin Protein with a Basolateral Localization Signal

ABSTRACT Influenza virions bud preferentially from the apical plasma membrane of infected epithelial cells, by enveloping viral nucleocapsids located in the cytosol with its viral integral membrane proteins, i.e., hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and M2 proteins, located at the plasma membrane. Because individually expressed HA, NA, and M2 proteins are targeted to the apical surface of the cell, guided by apical sorting signals in their transmembrane or cytoplasmic domains, it has been proposed that the polarized budding of influenza virions depends on the interaction of nucleocapsids and matrix proteins with the cytoplasmic domains of HA, NA, and/or M2 proteins. Since HA is the major protein component of the viral envelope, its polarized surface delivery may be a major force that drives polarized viral budding. We investigated this hypothesis by infecting MDCK cells with a transfectant influenza virus carrying a mutant form of HA (C560Y) with a basolateral sorting signal in its cytoplasmic domain. C560Y HA was expressed nonpolarly on the surface of infected MDCK cells. Interestingly, viral budding remained apical in C560Y virus-infected cells, and so did the location of NP and M1 proteins at late times of infection. These results are consistent with a model in which apical viral budding is a shared function of various viral components rather than a role of the major viral envelope glycoprotein HA.
Merging Segmentation Capabilities of Independent Classifiers

In the modern era of computer and technology, images and videos play a vital role. Therefore, there is always a need for robust skin detection system in order to cope with the intolerable and objectionable contents. In this paper, an efficient method has been implemented for skin detection, which detects the skin in different images under different environmental conditions. We have used the two machine learning approaches i.e. Random Forests and Multilayer perceptron for skin detection. We have also then combined the results of these two approaches used. We have used total of 554 images in our experiments.
A SOM-based classifier with enhanced structure learning

This work introduces an innovative synergistic model that aims to improve the efficiency of a neuro-fuzzy classifier, providing the means of online adaptation and fast learning. It combines the advantages of a self-organized map (SOM) network, as well as the benefits of a structure allocation fuzzy neural network. The system initializes its parameters using the clustering result on the SOM structure, while a novel approach of evaluating the input features leads to a more efficient way of handling the on-line learning rate of the training process. Experimental results on benchmark classification problems showed that this robust combination can also tackle tasks of great dimensionality in a successful manner.
A dynamic heuristic for the real time hoist scheduling problem

Considers a multi-product production (electroplating line) in a real time context :jobs arrive randomly at the input buffer. Then, any time a new job arrives at the input buffer, given the state of the whole line (the position and the remaining soaktime of all the already in process products) and given products at the input buffer a new schedule of the whole jobs must be computed. The authors refer to this problem that must be solved successively as the dynamic hoist scheduling problem (DHSP). Usually, in order to solve the DHSP, a heuristic is introduced. It assumes that the sequencing of the already in process jobs does not change. Then, a few seconds computation gives a feasible solution. But it appears that the production of the line might be improved with a better scheduling strategy. The authors' approach consists in improving the computation time per DHSP (in order to respect real time computation limits) while preserving the production efficiency. So, a branch and bound search is still used in order to optimise their criterion. But, the authors propose to replace the classical backtrack algorithm with the Ginsberg dynamic backtracking algorithm. Finally, the authors introduce a bound dependent dynamic heuristic based on the use of dynamic backtracking.