Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
sup wit eval ext?

Extension and evaluation share some similar challenges, including working with diverse stakeholders, parallel processes for focusing priorities, meeting common standards of excellence, and adapting to globalization, new technologies, and changing times. Evaluations of extension programs have helped clarify how change occurs, especially the relationship between knowledge change and behavior change, the importance of systems thinking, the purposes of evaluation (accountability versus improvement versus knowledge generation), the significance of process use, and the challenge of matching methods to evaluation questions, resources, and purposes to ensure methodological appropriateness. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Leen en forma voluntaria y recreativa los niños que logran un buen nivel de Comprensión Lectora

This study aims at determining the reading habits of 4th Grade students (4th Primary) who reach an advanced level of reading comprehension. They were evaluated in the 2011 SIMCE test, in Chile. A survey about reading behaviors was conducted in a sample of 107 students from two schools in Talca, Maule region. In this study were items were evaluated: various behaviors associated with reading such as reading habits, defined as behaviors linked with the number of books read voluntarily and the taste for reading; frequency of use of the library and the priority of reading within the student’s free time; type of support utilized for reading and the role of parents in motivating their children to read. The results show that reaching a good level of reading comprehension does not ensure good reading habits or the enjoyment and pleasure of reading. The study also shows that students rarely use the school library and the low reading motivation they get from their parents.
How radiosurgery changed neurosurgery and the changes that lie ahead.

R adiosurgery solved a key problem in neurosurgery. It provided a middle ground, a different option, for patients and surgeons who faced an array of intracranial disorders. Although technically available since the mid1960s, radiosurgery did not gain wider adoption until it had a partner in high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). No longer was only observation or resection (partial or total) available. Of course, external beam radiotherapy was used widely, particularly for malignant tumors, but its role in benign disease was limited because of a lack of established benefit. When resection was chosen, morbidity could be high, and the effects on employment and activities of daily living could be substantial. Even the best results were not achieved uniformly by all surgeons, with variability due to different degrees of training, exposure to clinical volumes, and availability of new technologies. Amazingly, neurosurgery largely ignored a number of common intracranial disorders such as systemic cancer. For years, the common response to poor outcomes was to train harder, not to do something radically different. However, when imaging, cell biology, and computer technology advanced, neurosurgery was ripe for change. But change alone, whether via radiosurgery, endovascular surgery, or any other medical revolution, was not met with widespread open acceptance. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, such new approaches were sometimes described as not really surgery. Yet these first forays into “cellular surgery” or “biologic surgery” promised a new era quite distinct from the “mechanical surgery” of the past. These were not to replace conventional surgery but to add to them. Neurosurgeons could now offer new lower-risk techniques for smaller brain lesions, provide treatment to residual or recurrent tumors after resection, target multiple tumors at the same setting, approach inoperable vascular malformations, and manage trigeminal neuralgia from inside the nerve rather than simply from the outside. Despite the promise of new therapeutic options for neurosurgery and for radiation oncology, surgeons often stated that the tumors would eventually grow back and that scar tissue would make subsequent resections even more difficult. Although perhaps acceptable for the infirm or elderly, young people should not be radiated. And even if used, it takes too long towork and does not always work. Leading radiation oncologists and radiobiologists stated that slowly responding tissues would not respond to radiosurgery and that, for malignant disease, focused radiation in a single session made little sense. Fractionated irradiation, even though delivered less precisely, was safer to the normal brain. Actual outcomes showed that such comments were not justified in actual practice.
Topic transition detection about the East Japan great earthquake based on emerging modularity over time

Social media, in which individual users post their opinions and gradually build their consensus, is recognised as one of pervasive collaboration. Tracking topic transitions over time on a social media provides a rich insight into exploring its social context. This paper proposes a novel approach using a modularity measure which shows the quality of a division of a network into modules, for topic transition detection. In this method, first, significant topical terms are extracted from messages in social media. Next, a snapshot cooccurrence network is constructed at each time stamp. Then, hierarchical topic structures for each snapshot network are organised by a modularity measure. Words' similarities are considered by cosine similarity, and topic similarities are calculated using Jaccard coefficient. An experiment was conducted for messages related to the East Japan great earthquake in a buzz marketing site, and the effectiveness of our proposed method was shown.
Stability of aggression during early adolescence as moderated by reciprocated friendship status and friend’s aggression

The effect of friendship reciprocation and friend aggression on the stability of aggression across a 6-month period following the transition to secondary school was studied in a sample of 298 Grade 6 children from a predominately white, middle-class, Midwestern American community. The stability of aggression was generally high but it varied as a function of (1) the level of aggression of both individuals in the friendship and (2) whether the friendship was reciprocated. For children with high initial levels of aggression, those with unreciprocated aggressive friends were the most stable in their aggression. For children with low initial levels of aggression, most children remained stably low in aggression, with type of friendship and friend aggression having little effect on stability. Adolescents who were high in aggression at time 1 (T1) and had an aggressive friend (reciprocated or not) remained aggressive at time 2 (T2), but those who were aggressive at T1 and had nonaggressive friends actually displayed much lower levels of aggression at T2. The opposite did not occur for those adolescents low in aggression at T1. Those low in aggression with aggressive friends at T1 did not increase in aggression. These findings were discussed in light of current thinking about the effect of friendship on development.
Childhood Attachment and Adult Attachment in Incarcerated Adult Male Sex Offenders

Forty-eight incarcerated sex offenders were compared with 16 property offenders and 16 nonoffenders on self-report measures of childhood maternal and paternal attachment and adult attachment. The combined sex-offender groups reported significantly less secure maternal, paternal, and adult attachment than did the nonoffenders and significantly less secure maternal attachment than did the property offenders. Intrafamilial child molesters were found to have had particularly problematic relationships with their mothers, reporting a combination of anxious and avoidant qualities in their maternal attachment experiences. By contrast, stranger rapists were found to have had particularly problematic relationships with their fathers and were significantly more likely to have regarded their fathers as having been characteristically unsympathetic, uncaring, abusive, and violent toward them. These results suggest that insecure childhood attachments may be related to offending behavior generally and that certain combinations of childhood attachment experiences may relate more specifically to different kinds of sexual offending.
The Exception Handling Effectiveness of POSIX Operating Systems

Operating systems form a foundation for robust application software, making it important to understand how effective they are at handling exceptional conditions. The Ballista testing system was used to characterize the handling of exceptional input parameter values for up to 233 POSIX functions and system calls on each of 15 widely used operating system (OS) implementations. This identified ways to crash systems with a single call, ways to cause task hangs within OS code, ways to cause abnormal task termination within OS and library code, failures to implement defined POSIX functionality, and failures to report unsuccessful operations. Overall, only 55 percent to 76 percent of the exceptional tests performed generated error codes, depending on the operating system being tested. Approximately 6 percent to 19 percent of tests failed to generate any indication of error despite exceptional inputs. Approximately 1 percent to 3 percent of tests revealed failures to implement defined POSIX functionality for unusual, but specified, situations. Between 18 percent and 33 percent of exceptional tests caused the abnormal termination of an OS system call or library function, and five systems were completely crashed by individual system calls with exceptional parameter values. The most prevalent sources of these robustness failures were illegal pointer values, numeric overflows, and end-of-file overruns.
Watching, waiting, and wondering: Applying psychoanalytic principals to mother-infant intervention

Il est generalement accepte que la repetition intergeneration de patterns de relation est transmis au sein des interactions entre la mere et le nourrisson. La nature meme de la relation mere-nourrisson en fait un domaine fondamental pour l'apparition de conflits relationels non resolus de la mere. Cela se passe a la travers les reponses que la mere fait a son nourrisson, reponses dans lesquelles elle projette sur son nourrisson certains attributs desavoues hautement positifs ou negatifs. Cela mene a la re-creation interactionnelle de tout un systeme relationnel refletant les experiences passees et courantes de la mere
BLEB: Bluetooth Low Energy Botnet for large scale individual tracking

This paper consider the problem of tracking user through the wireless fingerprint of their network interfaces. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is one of these network interfaces and becomes more and more popular because of its energy efficiency and its improved security. The use of random MAC addresses and deep changes in the bluetooth communication procedure were expected to prevent the tracking of individuals through the BLE devices they carries. We reviewed popular devices and found that privacy preserving MAC address are rarely used, even when considering ubiquitous devices that are carried by users all the time. Combined with the new advertising procedure introduced in BLE, this constitute a serious flaw that can be used to track individuals. We investigate its exploitation by BLEB, a BLE Botnet comprise of smartphone and portable devices compromised by a tracking adversary. We investigate the multiple ways to implement it and show that with limited effort, an adversary using BLEB can achieve large scale, high precision and stealthy tracking. A BLEB attack can be more privacy threatening than the ones carried through WiFi or classic bluetooth during their early deployment.
It's Not What They Do, It's How They Do It: Athlete Experiences of Great Coaching

The primary purpose of this study was to explore athlete experiences of great coaching. A total of 18 in-depth phenomenological interviews were conducted with elite level athletes (9 female; 9 male) representing a variety of sports (i.e., baseball, basketball, football, soccer, softball, volleyball, and water polo). Participants ranged in age from 22 to 42 years (M = 29.11, SD = 5.52). Interviews lasted between 30–90 minutes and were transcribed verbatim. Analyses of the transcripts revealed a total of 1,553 meaning units that were further grouped into sub-themes and general themes. This led to the development of a final thematic structure revealing six major dimensions characterizing athlete experiences of great coaching: Coach Attributes, The Environment, Relationships, The System, Coaching Actions, and Influences.
Correlation of the Average Water Diffusion Constant with Cerebral Blood Flow and Ischemic Damage after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Cats

Magnetic resonance water diffusion imaging can detect early ischemic changes in stroke. Using a middle cerebral artery occlusion model, we examined which range of values of the orientation-independent diffusion quantity is an early noninvasive indicator of reduced cerebral perfusion and focal brain injury. Cats underwent either a 30-min occlusion followed by 3.5 h reperfusion (n = 7) or a 60-min occlusion followed by 4-h reperfusion (n = 6). Repeated measurements of CBF were made with radiolabeled microspheres, and acute focal injury was measured with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. During occlusion, the decrease in Dav correlated with CBF for caudate [30-min occlusion (n = 13): p < 0.0001; 60-min occlusion (n = 6): p < 0.02] and for cortex [30-min occlusion (n = 12): p < 0.0001; 60-min occlusion (n = 5): p < 0.04]. Variable caudate and hemispheric injury levels were found among cats in both groups. The area of tissue injury demarcated by TTC began to correlate with the area of reduced Dav by 30 min of occlusion (p < 0.02), and this correlation improved (p < 0.0001) at 1, 1.5, and 2.0 h after the onset of occlusion. The time necessary to reach a one-to-one correspondence between the percent of hemisphere injured and the percent of hemispheric area with Dav < 0.65 × 10−9 m2/s was 2 h after occlusion. Thus, the absolute value of Dav is a good indicator of the risk of tissue injury, whereas the combination of Dav and the length of time of Dav reduction is an excellent predictor of acute focal tissue injury demarcated by TTC staining.
Existence of a photonic gap in periodic dielectric structures.

Using a plane-wave expansion method, we have solved Maxwell's equations for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a periodic lattice of dielectric spheres (dielectric constant {epsilon}{sub {ital a}}) in a uniform dielectric background ({epsilon}{sub {ital b}}). Contrary to experiment, we find that fcc dielectric structures do not have a photonic band gap'' that extends throughout the Brillouin zone. However, we have determined that dielectric spheres arranged in the diamond structure do possess a full photonic band gap. This gap exists for refractive-index contrasts as low as 2.
Asthma 2008: Targeting Immunoglobulin E to Achieve Disease Control

Traditionally, practice guidelines have recommended a step-wise approach to treatment based on asthma severity and lung function. However, increasing evidence suggests that asthma may not be adequately controlled in many patients with moderate-to-severe disease despite aggressive therapy, and that regularly evaluating the level of asthma control achieved in individual patients may be more effective than disease severity in guiding treatment decisions. This is reflected in updated asthma guidelines from the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program, which advocate regular assessment of asthma control in terms of the current impairment and future risk associated with the disease. Guideline-recommended options for patients with persistent, moderate-to-severe immunoglobulin E (IgE)–mediated asthma have recently been enhanced by the inclusion of omalizumab. This change is based on growing evidence for the central role of IgE in airway inflammation and asthma and the clinical effectiveness of blocking IgE with omalizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody. Omalizumab significantly reduced asthma exacerbations and improved lung function and symptoms in randomized controlled studies of patients inadequately controlled on inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting β2-agonist therapy; these benefits for reducing asthma impairment and risk were maintained during steroid dose reductions. Omalizumab is well tolerated, although patients should be monitored for possible rare anaphylactic reactions.
Neuropilin-1 attenuates autoreactivity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) is a cell surface molecule originally identified for its role in neuronal development. Recently, Nrp1 has been implicated in several aspects of immune function including maintenance of the immune synapse and development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. In this study, we provide evidence for a central role of Nrp1 in the regulation of CD4 T-cell immune responses in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). EAE serves as an animal model for the central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorder multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE is mediated primarily by CD4+ T cells that migrate to the CNS and mount an inflammatory attack against myelin components, resulting in CNS pathology. Using a tissue-specific deletion system, we observed that the lack of Nrp1 on CD4+ T cells results in increased EAE severity. These conditional knockout mice exhibit preferential TH-17 lineage commitment and decreased Treg-cell functionality. Conversely, CD4+ T cells expressing Nrp1 suppress effector T-cell proliferation and cytokine production both in vivo and in vitro independent of Treg cells. Nrp1-mediated suppression can be inhibited by TGF-β blockade but not by IL-10 blockade. These results suggest that Nrp1 is essential for proper maintenance of peripheral tolerance and its absence can result in unchecked autoreactive responses, leading to diseases like EAE and potentially MS.
A Lifetime of Healthy Meaningful Movement: Have We Forgotten the Athletes?

Researchers and theorists offer a strong base of research in physical activity for high risk groups, particularly sedentary children, adults, and the elderly. Little research examines the lifelong healthy movement behaviors of former competitive athletes. This paper raises some important questions relevant to this population, in particular the disturbing, yet limited research pointing to a serious failure of former competitive athletes to necessarily live longer, healthier, and more physically active lives. The scarce research that seems to highlight this neglected problem is outlined and hypotheses that may contribute to this phenomenon are offered and categorized in the following three sections: atypical physical behaviors found in the sporting realm, utilitarian uses of physical activity, and the long-term consequences of athletic identity. Suggestions are offered to direct future research and to implement practical intervention strategies and educational programs.
Data Poisoning Attacks against Autoregressive Models

Forecasting models play a key role in money-making ventures in many different markets. Such models are often trained on data from various sources, some of which may be untrustworthy.An actor in a given market may be incentivised to drive predictions in a certain direction to their own benefit.Prior analyses of intelligent adversaries in a machine-learning context have focused on regression and classification.In this paper we address the non-iid setting of time series forecasting.We consider a forecaster, Bob, using a fixed, known model and a recursive forecasting method.An adversary, Alice, aims to pull Bob's forecasts toward her desired target series, and may exercise limited influence on the initial values fed into Bob's model.We consider the class of linear autoregressive models, and a flexible framework of encoding Alice's desires and constraints.We describe a method of calculating Alice's optimal attack that is computationally tractable, and empirically demonstrate its effectiveness compared to random and greedy baselines on synthetic and real-world time series data.We conclude by discussing defensive strategies in the face of Alice-like adversaries.
Towards community oriented curriculum in Finnish literacy education

Finland’s successful PISA literacy results reflect the foundation of the Finnish education system, which could be characterised by the words equality, equity and individual support. However, international interest in this PISA success has not focused on curricular aspects, and yet the core curriculum specifies teaching and learning practices in Finland. This article presents a study on the development of the Finnish National Core Curricula for Basic Education (NCC), published in 1985, 1994 and 2004. Based on inductive document analysis, the article discusses the changing conceptualisations of the curriculum designers and contributes to an understanding of the roles that the literacy core curriculum has in defining the purposes of literacy education, as well as the cross-curricular intentions of literacy education from the 1980s to the present day.
An Impedance-Based Force Control Scheme to a Plate-to-Plate Nanoimprinter

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a novel technique that utilizes direct deformation of the resist to fabricate micro/nanometer scale patterns. NIL outperforms traditional photolithography technology for its low cost, high productivity, and high repeatability. For a general plate-to-plate NIL, it is of central importance to precisely control the embossing force during the entire embossing process to tune the orientation of the imprint head and also to guarantee the uniformity and fidelity. Existing approaches used in NIL are position-based feedback controls. However, a position signal is believed to be indirect and is more likely to be influenced by the thickness of the photoresist layer. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a two-stage force control scheme to explicitly control the embossing force based on the impedance control framework. The first stage is to parallelize the template surface with the substrate surface using the small initial contact force before embossing. Then, the second control stage is to regulate the large embossing force to the desired value. With the proposed force control approach, the embossing force can be explicitly controlled during the entire stamp process even without a prior knowledge of the environmental parameters. Experimental tests performed on a 500-nm grating scale further illustrate and verify the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Polyphonic/Pseudo-synchronic: Animated Writing in the Comment Feed of Nicovideo

Nicovideo is a popular video-sharing site in Japan that incorporates several aspects of social media into its design. Key among these is the projection of user-made comments into the video display by having text scroll across the screen like an animated subtitle-track. The movement of comments across the screen and the ‘pseudo-synchronicity’ created by the way they are projected produces a feeling of ‘live’ viewing via a sense of virtual time shared between users. In this article I argue that the feeling of movement and time on the site directs users toward a certain kind of vision that, when considered alongside the modes of counter-transparent communication taken up by its user base through things like orthographic ‘mistypes’, is part of a shift between denotational and pictorial forms of text production that troubles the distinction between reading and other modes of vision. The article conceptualizes what kind of vision Nicovideo’s interface suggests and its relationship to a distinct kind of polyphonic, anonymous communication that intersects with ideas of animation and performance. It is particularly through the intensity of textual representation that I will pursue these questions.