Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Screening for Externalizing Behavior Problems among Very Young Children in Primary Care: Applications of Item Response Theory

Preschool-aged children exhibiting early externalizing behavior problems are at high risk of a continuing developmental pathway of antisocial behaviors, as well as low health-related quality of life, lifelong dependence on social services, and an array of other negative long-term consequences (Hann & Borek, 2001). Epidemiological data suggest that nearly 10% of very young children in the U.S. exhibit clinically significant externalizing behavior problems, but the vast majority do not receive needed services (USDHHS, 1999). Primary and secondary prevention efforts, including early identification and early intervention, have been lauded as essential strategies for alleviating this social and public health crisis (Hoagwood & Johnson, 2003). Pediatric primary care is an ideal venue for screening preschool-aged children for externalizing behavior problems (AHRQ, 2002); however, pediatricians persistently under-identify children in need of services (Costello & Edelbrock, 1985; Lavigne et al., 1993). The movement to integrate psychosocial services into primary care (e.g., Blount, 2003; Strosahl et al., 1994) presents an opportunity for social workers to remedy this deficiency.
Presumed cultural similarity paradox : Expatriate adjustment and performance across the border or over the globe

Purpose - – To introduce the presumed cultural similarity paradox as a possible explanation for the findings that adjusting to a culturally similar country is just as difficult as adjusting to a culturally dissimilar country. We provide a conceptual framework, enabling further understanding and research into this phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach - – Expatriates moving to a country that shares common characteristics may presume more cultural similarity and easier adjustment than is actually the case. During their stay abroad, expatriates may find that these expectations are not met. While the smaller cultural distance may facilitate adjustment, the undermet expectations inhibit adjustment and performance. Findings - – A first preliminary test compared Dutch expatriates in Belgium (culturally similar) and in China (culturally dissimilar). The expectations of cultural similarity and adjustment difficulty of the expatriates in Belgium were significantly more undermet than those of the expatriates in China and this had a negative influence on affective adjustment. The larger cultural distance of China was negatively related to intercultural adjustment. Better adjustment, both affective and intercultural, led to better job performance. Research limitations/implications - – Future research should try to replicate and extend our findings to other cultural contexts. Practical implications - – Expatriates and their employers must consider and prepare for the increased chance of undermet expectations and the negative consequences this can have on adjustment and job performance, when moving to a culturally similar country. Social implications - – Expatriates and their employers must consider and prepare for the increased chance of undermet expectations and the negative consequences this can have on adjustment and job performance, when moving to a culturally similar country. Originality/value - – This paper conceptualizes and provide a theoretical framework that should allow future research to empirically test the psychological process that occurs in this paradox, accommodate the contrasting effects of cultural distance and met expectations of cultural similarity and investigate which characteristics of countries lead expatriates to presume more cultural similarity than is the case.
Managing Multiversion Documents & Historical Databases: a Unified Solution Based on XML

XML can provide a very effective environment for the preservation of digital information whereby historical information can be easily preserved and searched through powerful historical queries. We propose a unified approach to represent multiversion XML documents and transaction-time databases in XML, and show that temporal queries can then be expressed in standard XQuery. In our demo we demonstrate the benefits of this approach on several examples, including the UCLA course catalog, W3C XLink standards, the CIA WorldFact Book, and a database of company employees. We will also demonstrate the ICAP and ArchIS system that have explored two alternative implementation architectures, one based on native XML DBMS, and the other on mapping the historical XML views back into a relational DBMS.
Online Open World Recognition

As we enter into the big data age and an avalanche of images have become readily available, recognition systems face the need to move from close, lab settings where the number of classes and training data are fixed, to dynamic scenarios where the number of categories to be recognized grows continuously over time, as well as new data providing useful information to update the system. Recent attempts, like the open world recognition framework, tried to inject dynamics into the system by detecting new unknown classes and adding them incrementally, while at the same time continuously updating the models for the known classes. incrementally adding new classes and detecting instances from unknown classes, while at the same time continuously updating the models for the known classes. In this paper we argue that to properly capture the intrinsic dynamic of open world recognition, it is necessary to add to these aspects (a) the incremental learning of the underlying metric, (b) the incremental estimate of confidence thresholds for the unknown classes, and (c) the use of local learning to precisely describe the space of classes. We extend three existing metric learning algorithms towards these goals by using online metric learning. Experimentally we validate our approach on two large-scale datasets in different learning scenarios. For all these scenarios our proposed methods outperform their non-online counterparts. We conclude that local and online learning is important to capture the full dynamics of open world recognition.
Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation Open Access Research New Method of Measuring Wrist Joint Position Sense Avoiding Cutaneous and Visual Inputs

article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons At-tribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Aspects of afferent inputs, generally termed proprioception, are being increasingly studied. Extraneous factors such as cutaneous inputs can dramatically interfere while trying to design studies in order to determine the participation of the different structures involved in proprioception in the wrist position sense. We tried to determine validity and repeatability of a new wrist joint position measurement device using methodology designed to minimize extraneous factors and isolate muscle and joint inputs. Methods: In order to test the reliability of the system, eighty young-adult subjects without musculoskeletal or neurologic impairments affecting the right upper extremity were tested using a custom made motion tracking system. Testing consisted of two conditions: active reproduction of active placement and passive reproduction of passive placement. Subjects performed two repetitions of each target position (10, 20, and 30° of flexion and extension) presented in a random order. Test-retest reliability was then tested.
The Role of Nitric Oxide and NMDA Receptors in the Development of Motor Neuron Dendrites

Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the establishment of precise synaptic connectivity throughout the neuroaxis in several species. To determine the contribution of NO to NMDA receptor-dependent dendritic growth in motor neurons, we administered the NMDA antagonist MK-801 to wild-type mice and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) knock-out mice between postnatal days 7 and 14. Compared to saline-treated wild-type animals the number of dendritic bifurcations was significantly reduced in nNOS knock-out animals and MK-801-treated wild-type animals. There was no significant difference in dendritic bifurcation between MK-801-treated wild-type, MK-801-treated nNOS knock-out, and saline-treated nNOS knock-out animals, suggesting that nNOS knock-out and NMDA receptor block had similar effects. The path of the longest dendrite and the number of primary dendrites was the same in all treatment groups, indicating an effect specific to bifurcation. Sholl analysis revealed that differences in bifurcation numbers occurred between 160 and 320 μm from the cell body, the distance at which second, third, and fourth order dendrites are most prevalent. Dendrite order analyses confirmed a significant reduction in numbers, but not lengths, of third and fourth order dendrites in nNOS knock-out and drug-treatment groups. Finally, immunohistochemical examination of the developing spinal cord indicated that NMDA receptors and nNOS are colocalized within interneurons surrounding the motor neuron pool. These results support the view that at least part of NMDA receptor-dependent arborization of motor neuron dendrites is mediated by the local production of NO within the developing spinal cord.
Investigating the Shifts in Thai Teachers' Views of Learning and Pedagogical Practices While Adopting an Argument-Based Inquiry Approach.

idea for people who have not learned how to practice it in other situations, and thus the argument-based classroom, replete with dialogic interaction, takes some getting used to (Mercer et al., 1999). The question is how to learn and/or use the argumentation approach in a scientific context. As this study investigated teachers’ views of learning and their pedagogical practices, the beginning step to promoting change has been examined. The next questions to think about are how to use these emerged outcomes to maximum value for further implementation. Another important issue to consider is that as claims and evidence are used as the components of argument and explanation, how can evidence be meaningfully used to construct explanations and how can teachers promote this idea in their science classrooms? The implications of this study are the final component of this chapter; they are divided into two areas: implications for professional development and implications for future study. Implications for Professional Development Argument may be a new approach for many science educators, teachers, and students. Thus, in order to successfully apply this approach in a science classroom, it is first necessary to help all participants understand the concepts and the processes involved. The professional development programs, academic workshops, and long-term collaborative inservice programs come to play significant roles here in order to support teachers’ changing beliefs and practices (Richardson et al., 2001). Results from this study suggested that all academic supports should primarily pay attention to teachers’ views of learning and their understanding of inquiry-oriented instruction by challenging or engaging teachers’ ideas of learning in a way that enables them to consider how to shift
A clinical perspective of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into adulthood.

OBJECTIVE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder that affects all age groups. Recent data on the clinical presentation, comorbidity, neurobiology, and treatment are reviewed. METHOD Using the search term ADHD, a selective PubMed review of the clinical literature was undertaken to evaluate recent data relevant to ADHD with attention to a life span perspective of the disorder. RESULTS A growing literature indicates that ADHD is more persistent than previously thought and has a developmental variability in its presentation. The disorder impairs academic, social, and occupational functioning and is often associated with comorbidity, including cigarette smoking and substance abuse. Considerable evidence suggests that the disorder has a strong genetic component and a biological underpinning; the pathophysiology includes dysfunction in both noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems. Both psychosocial therapy and pharmacotherapy have been shown effective in the treatment of the disorder throughout the life span. The therapeutic effectiveness of pharmacologic agents in the treatment of ADHD has been attributed to noradrenergic and/or dopaminergic effects. CONCLUSION ADHD is associated with impairment and comorbidity throughout the life span. Growing evidence suggests the importance of short- and long-term management of the disorder. While the long-term treatment of ADHD is expected to lessen the individual's impairment, the outcome for adults who have received treatment since childhood requires further study.
The Coming Epoch of New Coalitions: Possible Scenarios of the Near Future

This article analyzes some important aspects of socioeconomic and political development of the world in the near future. The future always stems from the present. The first part of the article is devoted to the study of some crucial events of the present, which could be regarded as precursors of forthcoming fundamental changes. In particular, it is shown that the turbulent events of late 2010 and 2011 in the Arab World may well be regarded as a start of the global reconfiguration. The article also offers an analysis of some aspects of the global financial system that, according to the authors, notwithstanding all its negative points, performs certain important positive functions including the “insurance” of social guaranties at the global scale. The second part of the article considers some global scenarios of the World System's new future and describes a few characteristics of the forthcoming “Epoch of New Coalitions. ” The article attempts to answer such questions as the following: What are the implications of the economic weakening of the United States as the World System center? Will the future World System have a leader? Will it experience a global governance deficit? Will the world fragmentation increase?
Crosstalk between the tricarboxylic acid cycle and peptidoglycan synthesis in Caulobacter crescentus through the homeostatic control of α-ketoglutarate

To achieve robust replication, bacteria must integrate cellular metabolism and cell wall growth. While these two processes have been well characterized, the nature and extent of cross-regulation between them is not well understood. Here, using classical genetics, CRISPRi, metabolomics, transcriptomics and chemical complementation approaches, we show that a loss of the master regulator Hfq in Caulobacter crescentus alters central metabolism and results in cell shape defects in a nutrient-dependent manner. We demonstrate that the cell morphology phenotype in the hfq deletion mutant is attributable to a disruption of α-ketoglutarate (KG) homeostasis. In addition to serving as a key intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, KG is a by-product of an enzymatic reaction required for the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a major component of the bacterial cell wall. Accumulation of KG in the hfq deletion mutant interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis, resulting in cell morphology defects and increased susceptibility to peptidoglycan-targeting antibiotics. This work thus reveals a direct crosstalk between the TCA cycle and cell wall morphogenesis. This crosstalk highlights the importance of metabolic homeostasis in not only ensuring adequate availability of biosynthetic precursors, but also in preventing interference with cellular processes in which these intermediates arise as by-products.
Searchable Translation Memories

In this paper we introduce a technique for creating searchable translation memories. Linear B’s searchable translation memories allow a translator to type in a phrase and retrieve a ranked list of possible translations for that phrase, which is ordered based on the likelihood of the translations. The searchable translation memories use translation models similar to those used in statistical machine translation. In this paper we first describe the technical details of how the TMs are indexed and how translations are assigned probabilities, and then evaluate a searchable TM using precision and recall metrics.
Implementing the cellular mechanisms of synaptic transmission in a neural mass model of the thalamo-cortical circuitry

A novel direction to existing neural mass modeling technique is proposed where the commonly used “alpha function” for representing synaptic transmission is replaced by a kinetic framework of neurotransmitter and receptor dynamics. The aim is to underpin neuro-transmission dynamics associated with abnormal brain rhythms commonly observed in neurological and psychiatric disorders. An existing thalamocortical neural mass model is modified by using the kinetic framework for modeling synaptic transmission mediated by glutamatergic and GABA (gamma-aminobutyric-acid)-ergic receptors. The model output is compared qualitatively with existing literature on in vitro experimental studies of ferret thalamic slices, as well as on single-neuron-level model based studies of neuro-receptor and transmitter dynamics in the thalamocortical tissue. The results are consistent with these studies: the activation of ligand-gated GABA receptors is essential for generation of spindle waves in the model, while blocking this pathway leads to low-frequency synchronized oscillations such as observed in slow-wave sleep; the frequency of spindle oscillations increase with increased levels of post-synaptic membrane conductance for AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic-acid) receptors, and blocking this pathway effects a quiescent model output. In terms of computational efficiency, the simulation time is improved by a factor of 10 compared to a similar neural mass model based on alpha functions. This implies a dramatic improvement in computational resources for large-scale network simulation using this model. Thus, the model provides a platform for correlating high-level brain oscillatory activity with low-level synaptic attributes, and makes a significant contribution toward advancements in current neural mass modeling paradigm as a potential computational tool to better the understanding of brain oscillations in sickness and in health.
The psychological functioning of Bosnian refugees residing in the United States: An examination of the impact of trauma, acculturation, community connectedness, perceived discrimination and ethnic identity

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING OF BOSNIAN REFUGEES RESIDING IN THE UNITED STATES: AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF TRAUMA, ACCULTURATION, COMMUNITY CONNECTEDNESS, PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION AND ETHNIC IDENTITY Jennifer A. Sinkule, PhD George Mason University, 2008 Dissertation Director: Dr. Jelena Kecmanovic The worldwide population of refugees continues to grow, and a significant proportion of these individuals experience poor physical, psychological, social and occupational functioning. Empirical research examining specific preand post-migrations factors which predict psychological functioning and help-seeking among refugees is scarce. The present study will obtain cross-sectional, self-report data from 204 Bosnian refugees living in the US. Trauma is expected to have a direct positive relationship with symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and a direct negative relationship with well-being and help-seeking, and will be controlled in subsequent analyses. The integration style of acculturation is predicted to lead to the most positive outcomes, whereas the separation and marginalization strategies are expected to be positively related to symptoms of depression and PTSD and negatively relates to wellbeing and help-seeking. Perceived discrimination is expected to be positively related to symptoms of depression and PTSD and negatively related to well-being and helpseeking. In addition, connectedness to Bosnian versus US communities will be examined as an alternative conceptualization of acculturation. Finally, exploratory hypothesis will examine whether high ethnic identity salience attenuates or strengthens the negative effects of discrimination on depression and PTSD symptomatology, as well as the positive effect on well-being.
Nurse moral disengagement

Background: Ethics is a founding component of the nursing profession; however, nurses sometimes find it difficult to constantly adhere to the required ethical standards. There is limited knowledge about the factors that cause a committed nurse to violate standards; moral disengagement, originally developed by Bandura, is an essential variable to consider. Research objectives: This study aimed at developing and validating a nursing moral disengagement scale and investigated how moral disengagement is associated with counterproductive and citizenship behaviour at work. Research design: The research comprised a qualitative study and a quantitative study, combining a cross-validation approach and a structural equation model. Participants and research context: A total of 60 Italian nurses (63% female) involved in clinical work and enrolled as students in a postgraduate master’s programme took part in the qualitative study. In 2012, the researchers recruited 434 nurses (76% female) from different Italian hospitals using a convenience sampling method to take part in the quantitative study. Ethical considerations: All the organisations involved and the university gave ethical approval; all respondents participated on a voluntary basis and did not receive any form of compensation. Findings: The nursing moral disengagement scale comprised a total of 22 items. Results attested the mono-dimensionality of the scale and its good psychometric properties. In addition, results highlighted a significant association between moral disengagement and both counterproductive and citizenship behaviours. Discussion: Results showed that nurses sometimes resort to moral disengagement in their daily practice, bypassing moral and ethical codes that would normally prevent them from enacting behaviours that violate their norms and protocols. Conclusion: The nursing moral disengagement scale can complement personnel monitoring and assessment procedures already in place and provide additional information to nursing management for designing interventions aimed at increasing compliance with ethical codes by improving the quality of the nurses’ work environment.