Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antiretroviral drug susceptibility among drug-naive adults with recent HIV infection in Rakai, Uganda.

OBJECTIVE To analyze antiretroviral drug susceptibility in HIV from recently infected adults in Rakai, Uganda, prior to the availability of antiretroviral drug treatment. METHODS Samples obtained at the time of HIV seroconversion (1998-2003) were analyzed using the GeneSeq HIV and PhenoSense HIV assays (Monogram Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA). RESULTS Test results were obtained for 104 samples (subtypes: 26A, 1C, 66D, 9A/D, 1C/D, 1 intersubtype recombinant). Mutations used for genotypic surveillance of transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance were identified in six samples: three had nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) surveillance mutations (two had M41L, one had K219R), and three had protease inhibitor surveillance mutations (I47V, F53L, N88D); none had nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) surveillance mutations. Other resistance-associated mutations were identified in some samples. However, none of the samples had a sufficient number of mutations to predict reduced antiretroviral drug susceptibility. Ten (9.6%) of the samples had reduced phenotypic susceptibility to at least one drug (one had partial susceptibility to didanosine, one had nevirapine resistance, and eight had resistance or partial susceptibility to at least one protease inhibitor). Fifty-three (51%) of the samples had hypersusceptibility to at least one drug (seven had zidovudine hypersusceptibility, 28 had NNRTI hypersusceptibility, 34 had protease inhibitor hypersusceptibility). Delavirdine hypersusceptibility was more frequent in subtype A than D. In subtype D, efavirenz hypersusceptibility was associated with substitutions at codon 11 in HIV-reverse transcriptase. CONCLUSION Phenotyping detected reduced antiretroviral drug susceptibility and hypersusceptibility in HIV from some antiretroviral-naive Ugandan adults that was not predicted by genotyping. Phenotyping may complement genotyping for analysis of antiretroviral drug susceptibility in populations with nonsubtype B HIV infection.
Chitosan Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation: Characterization and In Vitro Investigation †

The growing resistance to antibiotics has rendered antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (PDI) an attractive alternative treatment modality for infectious diseases. Chitosan (CS) was shown to further potentiate the PDI effect of photosensitizers and was therefore used in this study to investigate its ability to potentiate the activity of erythrosine (ER) against bacteria and yeast. CS nanoparticles loaded with ER were prepared by ionic gelation method and tested for their PDI efficacy on planktonic cells and biofilms of Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The nanoparticles were characterized for their size, polydispersity index and zeta potential. No toxicity was observed when planktonic cells and biofilms were treated with the nanoparticles in the dark. However, when the cells were exposed to light irradiation after treatment with free ER or ER/CS nanoparticles, a significant phototoxicity was observed. The antimicrobial activity of ER/CS nanoparticles was significantly higher than ER in free form. The particle size and incubation time of the nanoparticles also appeared to be important factors affecting their PDI activity against S. mutans and C. albicans.
Beneficial for Highly Interdependent People When Holding Back Helps : Suppressing Negative Emotions During Sacrifice Feels Authentic and Is

Is the suppression of negative emotions ever associated with beneficial outcomes in relationships? The study reported here drew on research and theory on emotion regulation, self-construal, and sacrifice to test the hypothesis that individual differences in interdependent self-construal moderate the association between negative-emotion suppression and the personal and interpersonal outcomes of sacrifice. In a 14-day daily-experience study of people in romantic relationships, people with higher levels of interdependence experienced boosts in personal well-being and relationship quality if they suppressed their negative emotions during sacrifice, whereas those who construed the self in less interdependent terms experienced lower well-being and relationship quality if they suppressed their negative emotions during sacrifice. Feelings of authenticity for the sacrifice mediated these associations. These findings identify a critical condition under which the suppression of negative emotions may be personally and interpersonally beneficial.
A signal subspace method for adaptive interference cancellation

An interference cancellation technique that combines a signal subspace approach with adaptive adjustment of the weight vector is derived. The weight vector is constrained to lie in a signal subspace computed by eigendecomposition of the covariance matrix of the array outputs. The weight vector is rotated to maximize the output signal-to-interference ratio. The technique does not require array calibration as in other subspace methods. This technique applies to receiver arrays for digital communication signals. The case of a BPSK signal modulating an AM transmitter is analyzed in some detail. Numerical examples illustrate the behavior of the algorithm. >
Perspectives on the diagnosis of feline hyperthyroidism.

Nature and distrubtion First reported in 1979(1), feline hyperthyroidism is a multisystemic disease resulting from excessive triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) secretion, most common in middle-aged to older cats (2). Prior to the first description of feline hyperthyroidism, feline thyroid adenomas were recognized at necropsy (3-5), but most adenomas did not result in thyroid gland enlargement and signs of hyperthyroidism. However, when these cases were reviewed retrospectively (6), clinical signs of hyperthydoidism may have been present but were not recognized (3,5). The frequency of diagnosis of feline hyperthyroidism has been suggested to be one in 300 cats (7). A report of incident cases in cats seven years and older using data from the Veterinary Medical Data Program suggested that the frequency of diagnosis of feline hyperthyroidism increased between 1979 and 1985 (6). Age-specific proportional hospital accession ratios varied widely amongst participating institutions, ranging from 5.7 to 141.3 per 1,000 accessions in 1985 and 1986 (6). It is felt that over time there has been a real increase in the incidence of this disease, not simply an increase due to diagnosticians' heightened awareness of hyperthyroidism (6,7).
Escherichia coli Braun Lipoprotein Induces a Lipopolysaccharide-Like Endotoxic Response from Primary Human Endothelial Cells1

All bacteria contain proteins in which their amino-terminal cysteine residue is modified with N-acyl S-diacylglycerol functions, and peptides and proteins bearing this modification are immunomodulatory. The major outer membrane lipoprotein of Escherichia coli, the Braun lipoprotein (BLP), is the prototypical triacylated cysteinyl-modified protein. We find it is as active as LPS in stimulating human endothelial cells to an inflammatory phenotype, and a BLP-negative mutant of E. coli was less inflammatory than its parental strain. While the lipid modification was essential, the lipidated protein was more potent than a lipid-modified peptide. BLP associates with CD14, but this interaction, unlike that with LPS, was not required to elicit endothelial cell activation. BLP stimulated endothelial cell E-selectin surface expression, IL-6 secretion, and up-regulation of the same battery of cytokine mRNAs induced by LPS. Quantitative microarray analysis of 4400 genes showed the same 30 genes were induced by BLP and LPS, and that there was near complete concordance in the level of gene induction. We conclude that the lipid modification of at least one abundant Gram-negative protein is essential for endotoxic activity, but that the protein component also influences activity. The equivalent potency of BLP and LPS, and their complete concordance in the nature and extent of endothelial cell activation show that E. coli endotoxic activity is not due to just LPS. The major outer membrane protein of E. coli is a fully active endotoxic agonist for endothelial cells.
Face Detection with Occlusions Face Detection with Occlusions

We describe a new framework, based on boosting algorithms and cascade structures, to efficiently detect faces with occlusions. While our approach is motivated by the work of Viola and Jones, several techniques have been developed for establishing a more general system, including (i) a robust boosting scheme, to select useful weak learners and to avoid overfitting; (ii) reinforcement training, to reduce false-positive rates via a more effective training procedure for boosted cascades; and (iii) cascading with evidence, to extend the system to handle occlusions, without compromising in detection speed. Experimental results on detecting faces under various situations are provided to demonstrate the performances of the proposed method.
Patient safety events in hospital care of individuals with epilepsy

(1) To describe patient adverse events (PAEs) experienced by hospitalized individuals with epilepsy and examine the association of an epilepsy diagnosis on risk of specific PAEs; (2) to examine the impact of a PAE on (a) length of stay (LOS), (b) inpatient death, and (c) use of institutional post‐acute care.
Dynamics of an elementary bond-forming process: Associative ionization in H(1s)+H(2s) collisions.

Using a merged-beam apparatus, the authors have measured the absolute cross section for the associative ionization process H(1/b s/)+H(2/b s/) rarr H/sub 2//sup +//b e//sup - / between 0.5 and 10 eV. The total cross section rises until a maximum of 2.4*10/sup -17/ cm/sup 2/ at the H/sub 2//sup +/ dissociation threshold (3.4 eV) and exhibits a minimum around 2 eV. They attribute this feature to interferences between two reaction paths. Calculations combining a quantum-defect treatment of the multichannel ionization with a close-coupling treatment of the atom-atom half collision yield results in good agreement with experiment.
Atypical presentation of infantile‐onset farber disease with novel ASAH1 mutations

Farber disease is a very rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation of ASAH1 that results in the accumulation of ceramide in various tissues. Clinical symptoms of classic Farber disease comprise painful joint deformity, hoarseness of voice, and subcutaneous nodules. Here, we describe a patient with Farber disease with atypical presentation of early onset hypotonia, sacral mass, congenital heart disease, and dysmorphic face since birth. Severe cognitive disability, failure to gain motor skills, failure to thrive, and joint contractures developed. Using whole‐exome sequencing, we identified the compound heterozygote missense mutations of ASAH1 (p.R333C and p.G235R). Because of the diagnostic delay, she underwent sacral mass excision, which revealed enlarged lysosomes and zebra bodies. We report an atypical presentation of Farber disease with her pathology and associated genetic defect. This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of Farber disease to include novel mutations of ASAH1, which pose a diagnostic challenge. We also discuss the clinical utility of whole‐exome sequencing for diagnosis of ultra‐rare diseases. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrafast Measurements and Physical Modeling of NBTI Stress and Recovery in RMG FinFETs Under Diverse DC–AC Experimental Conditions

Threshold voltage shift (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {\text V}_{\text T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) due to negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) in p-FinFETs with replacement metal gate-based high-k metal gate process is measured using an ultrafast method. A comprehensive modeling framework involving uncorrelated contributions from the generation of interface traps (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {\text V}_{\text {IT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), hole trapping in preexisting (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {\text V}_{\text {HT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and generation of new (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {\text V}_{\text {OT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) bulk insulator traps is used to quantify measured data. The model can explain dc stress and recovery data over an extended temperature range (−40 °C to 150 °C), for different stress and recovery biases. It can explain ac stress and recovery data for different bias, temperature, frequency, and duty cycle. The differences in time kinetics and temperature activation of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {\text V}_{\text {IT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {\text V}_{\text {HT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {\text V}_{\text {OT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and their relative dominance at various experimental conditions are shown. End-of-life NBTI for dc and ac stress is estimated by using the model and compared to prediction from conventional analytical methods.
BENCHMARK ANALYSIS FOR ADVANCED DISTRIBUTED DATA STORAGE FOR HETEROGENEOUS CLUSTERS

The necessity of a Large Scale Distributed Data Storage System offering scalability, reliability, performance, availability, affordability and manageability became a strong requirement for high-level application with multiple user interactions. This paper presents the benchmarking for performance of LUSTRE file system and highlights the results obtained from different test scenarios with IOzone and Intel IMB benchmarks, considering parallel I/O characteristics of Lustre file system. The paper also presents a set of best practices for data integrity security and accessibility and a few techniques for troubleshooting with LUSTRE. The results of the benchmark analysis were used to offer a perspective about the performance of NCITCluster at University Politehnica of Bucharest in I/O and MPI jobs.
Application of a kinetic model to describe phosphorus metabolism in pigs fed a diet with a microbial phytase

SUMMARY The objective of the current study was to apply the Vitti–Dias model to investigate phosphorus (P) metabolism in growing pigs fed a diet supplemented with microbial phytase. The basal diet contained maize, defatted rice bran, vegetable oil, soybean meal, limestone, salt and a vitamin and mineral mix. There was no inorganic P in the diet and phytase was added at levels of 253, 759, 1265 and 1748 phytase units (PU)/kg of feed. The compartmental model included four pools of P: (1) gut lumen, (2) plasma, (3) bone and (4) soft tissue. A single dose of 32P was administered, and specific radioactivity was measured in plasma, faeces, bone and soft tissue (muscle, heart, liver and kidney) at different times post-dosing for calculation of P flows between pools. Total P absorbed showed a negative relationship with total P excreted in faeces and was strongly correlated with bone P retention, suggesting that absorbed P was channelled to bone to address its physiological growth. Average efficiency of metabolic utilization of absorbed P was estimated to be 0·94, with 0·52 g/g of total net P balance being accreted in bone and the rest in soft tissue (including muscle and some vital organs). The Vitti–Dias model provided suitable representation of P interchange between compartments (in particular, flows between gut and plasma and partitioning of available P between bone and soft tissue), resulting in estimates of P flows comparable with values calculated from balance data.
Gender, acculturation, and alcohol consumption among Mexican Americans.

OBJECTIVE This study examines the relationship between level of acculturation and drinking status among Mexican American males and females in three northern California cities. METHOD The data analyzed were collected through the use of a telephone survey. The sample size is 932. RESULTS Our results show that acculturation has a direct effect on drinking status for women in the sample but not for men. At low levels of acculturation, our results show the expected difference in drinking status by gender; with high abstention rates for women and low abstention rates for males. At high levels of acculturation there is a convergence in drinking status with females approximating the proportion of male drinkers in the sample. Additionally, acculturation was associated with "heavier" drinking for females while place of birth was associated with "heavier" drinking for males. CONCLUSIONS Studies of drinking patterns and related problems need to consider these factors.
SENECA VALLEY VIRUS

Cleaning and Disinfecting  The efficacy of most disinfectants against SVV is not clearly known.  Because vesicular diseases are clinically indistinguishable, disinfection protocols for FMDV should be followed even if SVV is suspected. This includes use of: sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, 0.2% citric acid, aldehydes, and oxidizing disinfectants including sodium hypochlorite.  Below are EPA-approved disinfectants USDA lists effective for FMD on page 30 http://www.aphis. usda.gov/animal_health/emergency_management/downloads/fad_epa_disinfect ants.pdf. Be sure to follow labeled directions.
Identifying success on the process level reduces negative effects of prior weight loss on subsequent weight loss during a low-calorie diet.

BACKGROUND Dieters often show weight cycling, i.e. prior successful weight loss is followed by weight gain. The current study examined how goal progress during a diet (i.e. weight loss) impacts subsequent weight loss depending on whether success is identified on the process level or the outcome level of dieting. METHODS A short-term longitudinal study examined lagged effects of weight loss and identifications of success in one week on weight loss in the subsequent week. Across 6 weeks, N = 126 overweight women reported their weekly weight and the degree to which they considered themselves as successful regarding the process of dieting (e.g. changing eating behavior) and the desired dieting outcomes (e.g. improving appearance). RESULTS Successful weight loss in one week negatively affected weight loss in the subsequent week. However, identifying success on the process level reduced this negative effect. DISCUSSION Although people might feel generally that goal progress licenses subsequent goal-inconsistent behavior, identifying successful goal-pursuit on the process rather than the outcome level of a goal may counteract the subsequent loss of dieting motivation.
Human Parechovirus Infections in Monkeys with Diarrhea, China

Information about human parechovirus (HPeV) infection in animals is scant. Using 5′ untranslated region reverse transcription–PCR, we detected HPeV in feces of monkeys with diarrhea and sequenced the complete genome of 1 isolate (SH6). Monkeys may serve as reservoirs for zoonotic HPeV transmissions and as models for studies of HPeV pathogenesis.
Dependence of optical scattering from Intralipid in gelatin-gel based tissue-mimicking phantoms on mixing temperature and time

Abstract. Intralipid is widely used as an optical scattering agent in tissue-mimicking phantoms. Accurate control when using Intralipid is critical to match the optical diffusivity of phantoms to the prescribed value. Currently, most protocols of Intralipid-based hydrogel phantom fabrication focus on factors such as Intralipid brand and concentration. In this note, for the first time to our knowledge, we explore the dependence of the optical reduced scattering coefficient (at 532 nm optical wavelength) on the temperature and the time of mixing Intralipid with gelatin-water solution. The studied samples contained 1% Intralipid and were measured with oblique-incidence reflectometry. It was found that the reduced scattering coefficient increased when the Intralipid-gelatin-water mixture began to solidify at room temperature. For phantoms that had already solidified completely, the diffusivity was shown to be significantly influenced by the temperature and the duration of the mixing course. The dependence of the measured diffusivity on the mixing conditions was confirmed by experimental observations. Moreover, the mechanism behind the dependence behavior is discussed.
Training fellows in paediatric cardiac surgery*

THIS ARTICLE SUMMARISES SOME PERSONAL observations and suggestions regarding training in congenital cardiac surgery. Although the American Board of Thoracic Surgery has introduced an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited pathway to board certification specifically in congenital cardiac surgery, the majority of congenital cardiac surgery programmes in the United States of America have chosen not to participate in this programme. This allows non-participating programmes to design their own training structure for non-ACGME accredited fellows who in many cases are foreign medical graduates who have come to the United States of America for training in congenital cardiac surgery with a plan to return to their home country. Ideally, a global organisation should be developed to oversee and accredit training programmes to recognise the validity of both United States of America and international training programmes in producing well-qualified congenital cardiac surgeons.
Scheduling and hardware sharing in pipelined data paths

A scheduling and hardware sharing algorithm is presented. This algorithm is generic and can be used for synthesizing both nonpipelined and pipelined data paths. The scheduling algorithm tries to distribute operations equally among partitions to maximize hardware sharing. Multiplexer delays are explicitly considered to produce a more accurate scheduling. In hardware sharing, structural parameters such as the size of multiplexers, interconnect overhead, the size of the smallest sharable operator etc. are used to control the amount of sharing globally and produce a heuristically optimized RTL structure. The scheduling algorithm is iterated until a satisfactory structure is obtained. The algorithm also can be used for partitioning a large system into implementable pieces. The algorithm has been used successfully for synthesizing a pipelined data path from a graphics processing description that contains about 1000 components. <<ETX>>
Invariant representation of propagation properties for bi-coupled periodic structures

General bi-coupled periodic systems are dealt with by means of transfer matrices of single units. The solutions of the associated characteristic equation are discussed in terms of invariant quantities by exploiting the well-known reversibility of its coefficients. An exhaustive description of the free wave propagation patterns is given on the invariant plane where propagation domains with qualitatively different character are identified. The asymptotic behavior of the roots of the characteristic equation when the invariants tend to infinity is analyzed. The contour plot of the real part of the propagation constants, responsible for the amount of attenuation of the characteristic waves, is illustrated on the invariants' plane. Next, several models of bi-coupled periodic structures made up of beams resting on elastic supports are considered. A non-linear mapping from the invariants' plane to the physical parameters plane provides a concise representation of the pattern of the propagation domains. A mechanical interpretation associated with the boundaries of these regions is given. Finally, the proper'selection of the physical parameters governing the propagation modes is discussed.