Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scrubbing unit repositioning for fast error repair in FPGAs

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are very successful platforms that rely on large configuration memories to store the circuit functions required by users. Faults affecting such memories are a major dependability threat for these devices, and the applicability of FPGAs on critical systems depends on efficient means to mitigate their effects. The main means to effectively remove such faults, namely configuration scrubbing, consists in rewriting the desired contents of this memory and suffers from high power consumption and a long mean time to repair (MTTR). In this work we propose Scrubbing Unit Repositioning for Fast Error Repair (SURFER), a novel approach to exploit partial dynamic reconfiguration coupled with fine-grained redundancy to greatly reduce the MTTR for FPGAs subject to upsets in their configuration memories.
Methods of usability evaluations of mobile devices

The usability of applications designed and developed for mobile devices integral user experience, particularly for current touch-screen mobile devices. This conceptual paper provides a profile of the ways in which mobile device usability evaluation methods are being adapted to better reflect technological. With an increasing capacity for greater user interactivity through a range of tasks and in a variety of contexts, the importance and impact of mobile device context-of-use components is of particular interest to researchers. This requires a need for a shift in evaluation method paradigms with a particular focus on methods involving the user, as part of the overall development process. Having a better understanding of the context-of-use may contribute to improvements in mobile device usability and the overall user experience.
Personal knowledge management for knowledge workers using social semantic technologies

Knowledge workers have different applications and resources in heterogeneous environments for doing their knowledge tasks and they often need to solve a problem through combining several resources. Typical personal knowledge management (PKM) systems do not provide effective ways for representing knowledge worker's unstructured knowledge or idea. In order to provide better knowledge activity for them, we implement Wiki-based social Network Thin client (WANT) that is a wiki-based semantic tagging system for collaborative and communicative knowledge creation and maintenance for a knowledge worker. And also, we suggest the social semantic cloud of tags (SCOT) ontology to represent tag data at a semantic level and combine this ontology in WANT. WANT supports a wide scope of social activities through online mash-up services and interlink resources with desktop and web environments. Our approach provides basic functionalities such as creating, organising and searching knowledge at individual level, as well as enhances social connections among knowledge workers based on their activities.
Surface-from-Gradients without Discrete Integrability Enforcement: A Gaussian Kernel Approach

Representative surface reconstruction algorithms taking a gradient field as input enforce the integrability constraint in a discrete manner. While enforcing integrability allows the subsequent integration to produce surface heights, existing algorithms have one or more of the following disadvantages: They can only handle dense per-pixel gradient fields, smooth out sharp features in a partially integrable field, or produce severe surface distortion in the results. In this paper, we present a method which does not enforce discrete integrability and reconstructs a 3D continuous surface from a gradient or a height field, or a combination of both, which can be dense or sparse. The key to our approach is the use of kernel basis functions, which transfer the continuous surface reconstruction problem into high-dimensional space, where a closed-form solution exists. By using the Gaussian kernel, we can derive a straightforward implementation which is able to produce results better than traditional techniques. In general, an important advantage of our kernel-based method is that the method does not suffer discretization and finite approximation, both of which lead to surface distortion, which is typical of Fourier or wavelet bases widely adopted by previous representative approaches. We perform comparisons with classical and recent methods on benchmark as well as challenging data sets to demonstrate that our method produces accurate surface reconstruction that preserves salient and sharp features. The source code and executable of the system are available for downloading.
A route-control mechanism for improving the performance of transport protocols in a MANET

We propose a new cross-layer mechanism, referred to as Route-control, for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). This mechanism, which works in the Network and Transport layers, aims at enhancing the performance of MANETs' reliable Transport protocols. The main idea behind the proposed mechanism is to notify the sender when the packets of a Transport layer flow change their route. We show that the sender can benefit from this information when deciding whether to retransmit a missing segment or to wait, when estimating the RTT (Round Trip Time), and when deciding whether to change the congestion window.
Too late to coordinate: Contextual influences on behavioral synchrony

The temporal coupling of behavior serves as a foundation for effective social exchange with synchronized actions moderating core components of social-cognitive functioning. Questions remain, however, regarding the precise conditions under which this form of behavioral coordination emerges. In particular, do social factors moderate the extent to which people synchronize their movements with others? Given that synchrony serves as an important non-verbal route through which interpersonal connections can be forged, the current investigation considered whether contextual influences moderate the emergence of behavioral coupling. To explore this issue, movements were recorded while participants performed a repetitive activity (i.e., stepping) with an interaction partner who either turned up for the experiment on time or was 15 minutes late. Results revealed that coordination (i.e., in-phase synchrony) was substantially reduced when participants interacted with a tardy partner, a finding that highlights the impact that social factors exert on the spontaneous emergence of behavioral synchrony. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing Volunteer-Assisted Behavioral Activation Teleprograms to Meet the Needs of Chinese Dementia Caregivers

This study aimed to test a model of telephone-assisted behavioral activation (BA) intervention for Chinese dementia caregivers to reduce the level of depressive symptoms among these caregivers. The study compared two telephone interventions using a 4-month longitudinal randomized controlled trial. For the first 4 weeks, all participants received the same psychoeducation program via telephone. Then for the following 4 months, eight biweekly telephone follow-up calls were performed. For these eight follow-up calls, participants were randomized into either one of the two following groups with different conditions. For the Psychoeducation with BA (PsyED-BA) group, participants received eight biweekly sessions of BA practice focused on pleasant event scheduling and improving communications. For the Psychoeducation only (PsyED Only) group, there were eight biweekly sessions of general discussion of psychoeducation and related information. The telephone administration of the BA and general discussion component were administered with the help of senior citizens and also university students engaged as paraprofessionals. A total of 96 family caregivers of persons living with dementia were recruited, and 93 caregivers completed the whole study. As compared to the PsyED Only group, the PsyED-BA group had significantly decreased levels of depressive symptoms. Caregivers who reported longer caregiving hours at baseline were found to benefit more from the intervention. The PsyED-BA group showed an increased frequency in the use of emotional regulation strategies after the BA training. Findings can contribute to the literature by offering some framework for developing accessible, sustainable, and cost-effective interventions for caregivers.
Mitosis compiler: an infrastructure for speculative threading based on pre-computation slices

Speculative parallelization can provide significant sources of additional thread-level parallelism, especially for irregular applications that are hard to parallelize by conventional approaches. In this paper, we present the Mitosis compiler, which partitions applications into speculative threads, with special emphasis on applications for which conventional parallelizing approaches fail.The management of inter-thread data dependences is crucial for the performance of the system. The Mitosis framework uses a pure software approach to predict/compute the thread's input values. This software approach is based on the use of pre-computation slices (p-slices), which are built by the Mitosis compiler and added at the beginning of the speculative thread. P-slices must compute thread input values accurately but they do not need to guarantee correctness, since the underlying architecture can detect and recover from misspeculations. This allows the compiler to use aggressive/unsafe optimizations to significantly reduce their overhead. The most important optimizations included in the Mitosis compiler and presented in this paper are branch pruning, memory and register dependence speculation, and early thread squashing.Performance evaluation of Mitosis compiler/architecture shows an average speedup of 2.2.
The Slippery Slope of Downward Causation

In his astute and persuasive article, David Witherington identified a critical watershed between two schools of dynamic systems (DS) approaches to development. One describes development in terms of real-time changes in behavior, determined by task factors and other contextual variables. This ‘contextualist’ approach is termed antistructuralist because it avoids bestowing explanatory power on the child’s ‘internal’ structure. Conversely the ‘organismic-contextualist’ approach identifies the internal (e.g., cognitive, mental) structure of the developing child as a causal factor that is critical for explaining developmental change. Witherington pointed out that the contextualist school, pioneered by Thelen and Smith [e.g., 1994] and now represented by Spencer’s prolific work in the area [e.g., Spencer & Schoener, 2003; Spencer, Thomas, & McClelland, 2009], has come to dominate DS developmental thinking. This is true, at least in North America. The organismic approach, identified with van Geert [1991, 1998], van der Maas and Molenaar [1992], Lewis [2000a, 2000b, 2005], and others, has been more influential in Europe, but it remains less prominent in the mainstream developmental literature. The problem, said Witherington, is that the contextualist approach is fundamentally flawed. The principle underlying all DS approaches is emergence through self-organization, and this cannot be adequately explained at the level of interactions among lower-order elements. To model self-organization successfully, it is necessary to define superordinate levels of global organization, which both arise from the interactions of lower-order elements (upward causation) and constrain those interactions (downward causation). Integrating these causal directions, each one depending on the other, gives rise to the notion of ‘circular causality,’ proposed by Haken [1996]
Suzaku Observation of the Metallicity Distribution in the Intracluster Medium of the Fornax Cluster(Chapter 3. Chemical Structure and Evolution Clusters of Galaxy, The Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era)

The metallicity distribution in the Fornax cluster was studied with the XIS instrument on board the Suzaku satellite. The K-shell lines of O and Mg were resolved clearly, and the abundances of O, Mg, Si, S, and Fe were measured with great accuracy. The region within a 4 � radius of NGC 1399 shows approximately solar abundances of Fe, Si, and S, while the O/Fe and Mg/Fe abundance ratios are about 0.4–0.5 and 0.7 in solar units, respectively. In the outer region of the radius range 6 � <r< 23 � , the Fe and Si abundances drop to 0.4–0.5 solar and show no significant gradient within this region. The abundance ratios, O/Fe and Mg/Fe, are consistent with those in the central region. We also measured the Fe abundance around NGC 1404 to be approximately solar, and the O, Ne, and Mg abundances to be 0.5–0.7 times the Fe level. A significant relative enhancement of Fe within 130kpc of NGC 1399 and in NGC 1404 indicates an origin in SN Ia, in contrast to the species O, Ne, and Mg, which reflect the stellar metallicity. The mass-to-light ratios for O and Fe within 130kpc of NGC 1399 are over an order of magnitude lower than those in rich clusters, reflecting the metal enrichment history of this poor cluster.
Daily Urban Systems in Britain: From Theory to Practice

The theoretical issues of an earlier paper by the authors concerning daily urban systems are now followed by the problems of applying this concept to British data. The complexities of the British urban system pose difficulties for any approach which prohibits overlapping areas, multinodal regions, and recognition of the differing travel patterns of social groups. No single, simple algorithm can cope consistently both with the major metropolitan regions and with the peripheral areas. To overcome these problems, the additional concepts of ‘self-containment’ and ‘metropolitan dominance’ are introduced into the consideration of journey-to-work patterns. These developments result in a regionalisation which takes the form of an urban hierarchy by creating a two-tier structure in the densely populated parts of the country, and free-standing daily urban systems elsewhere.
Using Visual Analytics of Heart Rate Variation to Aid in Diagnostics

We present an interactive visualization tool for exploring RR interval data (the time between consecutive heart beats) to support diagnostics. An RR interval sequence diagram allows us to reduce hours of data into a general overview opposed to using short term ECG strips. A simple moving average is applied to the sequence diagram to smooth out short-term variance and highlight long-term trends. The moving average is surrounded by standard deviation bands which allow us to see the fluctuations in variance. After a brief training period using these tools coupled with RR interval and RR interval difference histograms, nonexpert participants (undergraduate students) were able to differentiate between normal, atrial fibrillation, and congestive heart failure.
Cortical Correlates of Gesture Processing: Clues to the Cerebral Mechanisms Underlying Apraxia during the Imitation of Meaningless Gestures

The clinical test of imitation of meaningless gestures is highly sensitive in revealing limb apraxia after dominant left brain damage. To relate lesion locations in apraxic patients to functional brain activation and to reveal the neuronal network subserving gesture representation, repeated H2(15O)-PET measurements were made in seven healthy subjects during a gesture discrimination task. Observing paired images of either meaningless hand or meaningless finger gestures, subjects had to indicate whether they were identical or different. As a control condition subjects simply had to indicate whether two portrayed persons were identical or not. Brain activity during the discrimination of hand gestures was strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere, a prominent peak activation being localized within the inferior parietal cortex (BA40). The discrimination of finger gestures induced a more symmetrical activation and rCBF peaks in the right intraparietal sulcus and in medial visual association areas (BA18/19). Two additional foci of prominent rCBF increase were found. One focus was located at the left lateral occipitotemporal junction (BA 19/37) and was related to both tasks; the other in the pre-SMA was particularly related to hand gestures. The pattern of task-dependent activation corresponds closely to the predictions made from the clinical findings, and underlines the left brain dominance for meaningless hand gestures and the critical involvement of the parietal cortex. The lateral visual association areas appear to support first stages of gesture representation, and the parietal cortex is part of the dorsal action stream. Finger gestures may require in addition precise visual analysis and spatial attention enabled by occipital and right intraparietal activity. Pre-SMA activity during the perception of hand gestures may reflect engagement of a network that is intimately related to gesture execution.
Aerosol treatment with MNEI suppresses bacterial proliferation in a model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection

Neutrophil elastase is present at high levels in airway fluid of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and is responsible for considerable inflammatory damage. Human monocyte/neutrophil elastase inhibitor (MNEI), a 42‐kDa serpin protein, is an effective inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase‐3, related proteases released from inflammatory neutrophils. We hypothesized that recombinant MNEI would reduce inflammatory damage and enhance bacterial clearance from the lung in an animal model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. In vitro studies showed that MNEI causes dose‐dependent inhibition of the activity of rat neutrophil elastase. Recombinant MNEI was administered daily by aerosolization to rats previously inoculated with agar beads containing P. aeruginosa to initiate chronic infection. Administered MNEI was partially recovered in lavage fluid of treated rats as a 66‐kDa complex with protease indicative of in vivo inhibition of elastase or a related protease. Aerosol treatment with MNEI significantly decreased the extent of inflammatory injury, quantified as the histopathology score. MNEI, which had no bactericidal effect on P. aeruginosa in vitro, significantly enhanced clearance of bacteria from infected rat lungs. The reduction of histopathology scores and enhancement of bacterial killing were evident 6 hr after a single aerosol treatment with MNEI. These findings indicate an important function of MNEI in protecting innate antimicrobial defense. Similar results were previously obtained for aerosolized prolastin (α1‐antitrypsin), indicating that enhanced bacterial clearance by MNEI is due to inhibition of neutrophil protease. These findings demonstrate the value of this nonantibiotic protease inhibitor as an adjunct for the treatment and prevention of the infection component of CF lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005;39:141–149. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Role of Content and Abstract Information in Analogical Transfer

Analogical transfer in problem solving is one example of analogical cognition, which also includes metaphors, similes, and case-based reasoning. The dominant theories in this area posit that abstract schemata mediate transfer (K. J. Holyoak, 1984a, 1985) or that problem solving by means of analogy is accomplished through application of the formal or deep structural characteristics of one problem to another (D. Gentner, 1983, 1989). More recently, exemplar-based accounts (D. L. Medin & B. H. Ross, 1989; B. H. Ross, 1987) have emphasized problem content and exemplar-specific details in the various stages of transfer. The present article reviews research on analogical transfer and analyzes the theoretical models in light of this evidence
Enhanced Understanding of Infectious Diseases by Fusing Multiple Datasets: A Case Study on Malaria in the Western Brazilian Amazon Region

Background A common challenge to the study of several infectious diseases consists in combining limited cross-sectional survey data, collected with a more sensitive detection method, with a more extensive (but biased) syndromic sentinel surveillance data, collected with a less sensitive method. Our article describes a novel modeling framework that overcomes this challenge, resulting in enhanced understanding of malaria in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Methodology/Principal Findings A cohort of 486 individuals was monitored using four cross-sectional surveys, where all participants were sampled regardless of symptoms (aggressive-active case detection), resulting in 1,383 microscopy and 1,400 polymerase chain reaction tests. Data on the same individuals were also obtained from the local surveillance facility (i.e., passive and active case detection), totaling 1,694 microscopy tests. Our model accommodates these multiple pathogen and case detection methods. This model is shown to outperform logistic regression in terms of interpretability of its parameters, ability to recover the true parameter values, and predictive performance. We reveal that the main infection determinant was the extent of forest, particularly during the rainy season and in close proximity to water bodies, and participation on forest activities. We find that time residing in Acrelandia (as a proxy for past malaria exposure) decreases infection risk but surprisingly increases the likelihood of reporting symptoms once infected, possibly because non-naïve settlers are only susceptible to more virulent Plasmodium strains. We suggest that the search for asymptomatic carriers should focus on those at greater risk of being infected but lower risk of reporting symptoms once infected. Conclusions/Significance The modeling framework presented here combines cross-sectional survey data and syndromic sentinel surveillance data to shed light on several aspects of malaria that are critical for public health policy. This framework can be adapted to enhance inference on infectious diseases whenever asymptomatic carriers are important and multiple datasets are available.
On the consistent separation of scale and variance for Gaussian random fields

We present fixed domain asymptotic results that establish consistent estimates of the variance and scale parameters for a Gaussian random field with a geometric anisotropic Matern autocovariance in dimension d > 4. When d 4, we show that one can estimate the coefficient on the principle irregular term accurately enough to get a consistent estimate of the coefficient on the second irregular term. These two coefficients can then be used to separate the scale and variance. We extend our results to the general problem of estimating a variance and geometric anisotropy for more general autocovariance functions. Our results illustrate the interaction between the accuracy of estimation, the smoothness of the random field, the dimension of the observation space and the number of increments used for estimation. As a corollary, our results establish the orthogonality of Matern Gaussian random fields with different parameters when d > 4. The case d = 4 is still open.