Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Unified Framework for Answering k Closest Pairs Queries and Variants

Given a scoring function that computes the score of a pair of objects, a top- <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex><mathgraphic graphicformat="GIF" fileref="cheema-ieq1-2304469.gif"/> </formula> pairs query returns <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex> <mathgraphic graphicformat="GIF" fileref="cheema-ieq2-2304469.gif"/></formula> pairs with the smallest scores. In this paper, we present a unified framework for answering generic top-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex> <mathgraphic graphicformat="GIF" fileref="cheema-ieq3-2304469.gif"/></formula> pairs queries including <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex><mathgraphic graphicformat="GIF" fileref="cheema-ieq4-2304469.gif"/> </formula>-closest pairs queries, <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex> <mathgraphic graphicformat="GIF" fileref="cheema-ieq5-2304469.gif"/></formula>-furthest pairs queries and their variants. Note that <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex> <mathgraphic graphicformat="GIF" fileref="cheema-ieq6-2304469.gif"/></formula>-closest pairs query is a special case of top-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex><mathgraphic graphicformat="GIF" fileref="cheema-ieq7-2304469.gif"/> </formula> pairs queries where the scoring function is the distance between the two objects in a pair. We are the first to present a unified framework to efficiently answer a broad class of top-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex> <mathgraphic graphicformat="GIF" fileref="cheema-ieq8-2304469.gif"/></formula> queries including the queries mentioned above. We present efficient algorithms and provide a detailed theoretical analysis that demonstrates that the expected performance of our proposed algorithms is optimal for two dimensional data sets. Furthermore, our framework does not require pre-built indexes, uses limited main memory and is easy to implement. We also extend our techniques to support top-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex><mathgraphic graphicformat="GIF" fileref="cheema-ieq9-2304469.gif"/> </formula> pairs queries on multi-valued (or uncertain) objects. We also demonstrate that our framework can handle exclusive top-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex> <mathgraphic graphicformat="GIF" fileref="cheema-ieq10-2304469.gif"/></formula> pairs queries. Our extensive experimental study demonstrates effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed techniques.
Moderating Effects of Proactive Personality on Factors Influencing Work Engagement Based on the Job Demands-Resources Model

Most researchers who have employed the job demands-resources (JD-R) model to investigate the factors influencing work engagement, have omitted the effects of personal characteristics. In this study, we discussed the moderating effects of proactive personality on the influence of social support and work-family conflict (WFC) on work engagement. Participants comprised 477 workers in several airports in eastern China. The results showed that social support had a positive effect on work engagement, and WFC had a negative effect on work engagement. These influences were moderated by the proactive personality of the individual. We have also discussed the role of personality in the JD-R model.
New learning: a charter for change in education 1

In this moment of tremendous change, investing in old ways of doing education is not the best way forward. In offering a Charter for Change we recognise that knowledge and learning will be pivotal to the social and personal transformations necessary to address the idiosyncratic challenges of our times. The transformed economic system emerging from the current financial crisis will require human capacities that only education can nurture, based on deep knowledge, practical imagination, creative participation, intellectual inquisitiveness and collaborative commitment – not just on the part of a knowledge elite, but of the many in the labour force and in the broader society. Extending opportunity to those marginalized by poverty and discrimination over the longer run depends almost entirely on the education system, including the reduction of high school drop-out rates, increasing access to college and introducing lifelong learning programs in community colleges for adults who have been displaced by economic globalization. Emerging digital information technologies demand greater participation than the knowledge systems of our recent past, blurring as they do the boundaries between authors and audiences, creators and consumers, knowledge makers and knowledge users. Immigration, globalism and diversity require that we nurture civic impulses based on new paradigms of self-governance for groups and, amongst individuals, mutual responsibility, despite vast variations in life experience and sensibility. Our learning systems have to be transformed to acknowledge these new demands and related changes in epistemologies and ways of being. These are the challenges addressed in this paper.
Are Hummingbirds Facultatively Ammonotelic? Nitrogen Excretion and Requirements as a Function of Body Size

Most birds are uricotelic. An exception to this rule may be nectar‐feeding birds, which excrete significant amounts of ammonia under certain conditions. Although ammonia is toxic, because it is highly water soluble its excretion may be facilitated in animals that ingest and excrete large amounts of water. Bird‐pollinated plants secrete carbohydrate‐ and water‐rich floral nectars that contain exceedingly little protein. Thus, nectar‐feeding birds are faced with the dual challenge of meeting nitrogen requirements while disposing of large amounts of water. The peculiar diet of nectar‐feeding birds suggests two hypotheses: (1) these birds must have low protein requirements, and (2) when they ingest large quantities of water their primary nitrogen excretion product may be ammonia. To test these hypotheses, we measured maintenance nitrogen requirements (MNR) and total endogenous nitrogen losses (TENL) in three hummingbird species (Archilochus alexandri, Eugenes fulgens, and Lampornis clemenciae) fed on diets with varying sugar, protein, and water content. We also quantified the form in which the by‐products of nitrogen metabolism were excreted. The MNR and TENL of the hummingbirds examined were exceptionally low. However, no birds excreted more than 50% of nitrogen as ammonia or more nitrogen as ammonia than urates. Furthermore, ammonia excretion was not influenced by either water or protein intake. The smallest species (A. alexandri) excreted a significantly greater proportion (>25%) of their nitrogenous wastes as ammonia than the larger hummingbirds (≈4%). Our results support the hypothesis that nectar‐feeding birds have low protein requirements but cast doubt on the notion that they are facultatively ammonotelic. Our data also hint at a possible size‐dependent dichotomy in hummingbirds, with higher ammonia excretion in smaller species. Differences in proportionate water loads and/or postrenal modification of urine may explain this dichotomy.
Immunocytological and biochemical characterization of a new neuronal cell surface component (L1 antigen) which is involved in cell adhesion.

Monoclonal and polyclonal L1 antibodies react by indirect immunofluorescence with the cell surface of cultured tetanus toxin‐positive neurons from post‐natal cerebella of mice, but not with glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive astrocytes, O4 antigen‐positive oligodendrocytes or fibronectin‐positive fibroblasts or fibroblast‐like cells. During cerebellar development L1 antigen is detectable on tetanus toxin‐positive cells as early as embryonic day 13 after 3 days in culture. In sections of the early post‐natal cerebellum, L1 antigen is found on pre‐migratory neurons in the internal, but not in the external part of the external granular layer. In the adult cerebellum, L1 antigen is predominantly localized in the molecular layer and around Purkinje cells. Fibers in white matter and the granular layer are also L1 antigen‐positive. Granule cell bodies and synaptic glomeruli are weakly antigen‐positive. Several cell lines derived from neuroblastoma C1300 also express L1 antigen. The antigen is not detectable by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in tissue homogenates of liver, kidney, lung, heart, sperm or thymus. With polyclonal L1 antibodies, cross‐reactive determinants are found in brains of rat, guinea pig, hamster, chicken, rabbit and man, but not in frog, while monoclonal antibody reacts detectably only with mouse brain. The molecular species recognized by both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies display two prominent bands by SDS‐PAGE under reducing and non‐reducing conditions with apparent mol. wts. of 140 and 200 kd. L1 antigen isolated from cultured cerebellar cells consists mainly of a band in the 200‐kd range and a faint one at 140 kd. L1 antigen from neuroblastoma N2A shows two bands with slightly higher apparent mol. wts. All molecular forms of L1 antigen can be labeled by [3H]fucose and [3H]glucosamine. Ca2+‐independent re‐aggregation of cerebellar cells from early post‐natal C57BL/6J mice and of the continuous cell line N2A derived from the murine neuroblastoma C1300 is inhibited by Fab fragments of the polyclonal, but not of monoclonal antibody, both of which are known to react with the surface membrane of these cells.
Fast Transient Recovery of Common DC Bus Architecture with Large Signal Based Tuning Approach

The generic architecture of a common DC bus configuration is designed using multiple interconnected power converters connected in cascaded/parallel fashion. A rigidly controlled power consuming converter (PCC) behaves as constant power type load (CPL) across common bus. Moreover, a load transient across PCC results as power transient for power delivering converters (PDCs). Due to interconnected system configuration, coupling effect emerges during small signal based (SSB) controller tuning process. In order to fulfill margin requirements, the controller may need to be tuned repeatedly. Moreover, tuned parameters may not result in fast transient performance considering wider operating range. To achieve faster transient recovery, the large signal based (LSB) tuning approach with peak current mode control followed by output current feed-forward logic is adopted in this work for the droop controlled PDCs. The effect of droop term is considered during the derivation of proportional gain magnitude for load step up transients in PCCs. Implementation procedure along with simulation case studies is presented considering different load step up transient cases for the overall interconnected convert system. This control approach helps to acquire fast transient response without disturbing operation of other PCC in the system.
Message response time analysis for ideal controller area network (CAN) refuted

This paper revisits basic message response time analysis of controller area network (CAN). We show that existing message response time analysis, as presented in [10], is optimistic. Assuming discrete scheduling, the problem can be resolved by applying worst-case response time analysis for fixed-priority non-preemptive scheduling (FPNS) as described in [4].
Lay Perceptions of Global Risk

This article reports results from a 1992 Gallup survey conducted in six nations (Canada, USA, Mexico, Brazil, Portugal and Russia) that explored public perceptions of global warming in some detail. Overall the results tend to support those of the small-scale but in-depth studies on which the present study built: Lay publics in these six nations see global warming as a problem, although not as serious as ozone depletion or rain forest destruction. Most people acknowledge that they do not understand global warming very well, and results from questions about the perceived causes and consequences of global warming illustrate their limited understanding. While often confusing global warming with ozone depletion and air pollution, majorities of respondents in all but Russia believe that it is already occurring and large majorities within all nations believe that it will occur within their lifetimes. Furthermore, as discussions of the `risk society' suggest, public perceptions of global warming do not vary consistently across differing social strata within the nations. The article ends by discussing implications of the results, and questions whether detailed public understanding of highly complex issues like global warming is feasible or even necessary for effective policy-making.
Filtering Microstrip to Waveguide Launcher

This paper presents a novel synthesis-based co-design of a filtering microstrip-to-waveguide launcher. The proposed design is intended to replace the waveguide low-pass filter generally placed between the common port of the diplexer and the antenna port in FDD communication systems. The launcher is truly considered part of the filter since it acts as the last resonator of its prototype model. The overall frequency behavior is then completed with microstrip stubs (extracted-poles) connected through suitable transmission lines. A methodological design procedure is presented for this purpose together with a practical implementation centered in the X-band (8 – 12 GHz). Full-wave simulations and measurements are in agreement and they validate the proposed design with clear advantages in terms of out-of-band performance and reduced system complexity.
Visual measurement of micro-target pose in ICF experiment

In ICF (Inertia confinement fusion) physical experiments, target-positioning accuracy directly affects the success rate of target hitting. This study uses three CCDs to acquire images of target from different viewing angles then the spatial coordinate values and the rotation matrix of target are calculated by integrating the characteristic values of the three CCDs. To obtain the characteristic values, this paper presents an image processing method of data fusion which combines template matching with ellipse contour fitting technology. Sub-pixel accuracy of location is obtained by adopting bicubic interpolation. Proved by practice test this method has the advantages of high stability, low time consumption and high accuracy over 1 μm.
Issues in modeling a “dynamic” hypertext interface for non-hypertext systems

Many hypertext systems are primarily “static” systems that were designed specifically to apply a hypertext interface to a particular domain. For us, hypertext is a tool for augmenting “dynamic”, non-hypertext information systems such as decision support systems and expert systems. Many information systems require a dynamic implementation of hypertext, one that relies primarily on virtual structures and computation to generate a hypertext network in real time. This paper explores the demands our dynamic view of hypertext makes on hypertext standards from two angles. First, what coordination is necessary to establish a dynamic hypertext interface to an arbitrary front-end or back-end information system? Here we introduce the concept of bridge laws to map application components to hypertext structures. Second, how does a dynamic view of hypertext affect document interchange among hypertext systems and between a hypertext and non-hypertext systems?
Static Energy Consumption Analysis in Variability Systems

—Energy consumption is becoming an evident concern to software developers. This is even more notorious due to the propagation of mobile devices. Such propagation of devices is also inﬂuencing software development: a software system is now developed has a set of similar products sharing common features. In this short paper, we describe our methodology aim at static and accurately predict the energy consumption of software products in such variability systems, typically called software product lines.
Closure Properties and Witness Reduction

Witness reduction has played a crucial role in several recent results in complexity theory. These include Toda? s result that PH ? BP · ? P, the "collapsing" of PH into ? P with a high probability; Toda and Ogiwara? s results which "collapse" PH into various counting classes with a high probability; and Ogiwara and Hemachandra? s results describing hard functions for various function classes. Ogiwara and Hemachandra? s results establish a connection between functions being hard for #P and functions interacting with the class to effect witness reduction. In fact, we believe that the ability to achieve some form of witness reduction is what makes a function hard for a class of functions. To support our thesis we define new function classes and obtain results analogous to those of Ogiwara and Hemachandra. We also introduce the notion of randomly hard functions and obtain similar results.
AC 2007-173: USING DATA MINING TO DETECT INTRUSIONS IN COMPUTER NETWORKS

In recent years Data mining techniques have been applied in many different fields including marketing, manufacturing, process control, fraud detection and network management. Over the past several years a growing number of research projects have applied data mining to various problems in intrusion detection. The goal of this research is to design and implement an anomaly detector using data mining. The project includes the use of open source tools and/or modifications to existing tools to incorporate the goals of collection, filtering, storage, archival, and attack detection in a cohesive software system. This paper also surveys a representative cross section of these research efforts. Conclusions are drawn and directions for future research are suggested.
Research on Simulation of Aircraft Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA) Anti-Skid Braking System

With the background of the development of Aircraft Anti-skid Braking System, a new aircraft Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA) of a certain model fighter is designed to meet the need of the braking system. The paper describes the principle of work and features of the EHA, and gives the specific requirements of the system. The selection and performance of the motor, pump and hydraulic cylinder are optimized. Then, the paper describes the principle of work and features of the EHA, models and simulates it with MATLAB/Simulink. , and analyzes the effects of all structural parameters on the performance. The results of EHA reach the design target of dynamic performance. Finally, the whole model of the aircraft system is built and established based on the EHA model and results. The results of the dry runway condition verify the correctness of the EHA design, so the Hydro Actuator of traditional aircraft anti-skid braking system could be replaced by EHA.
RSPO1/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway Regulates Oogonia Differentiation and Entry into Meiosis in the Mouse Fetal Ovary

Differentiation of germ cells into male gonocytes or female oocytes is a central event in sexual reproduction. Proliferation and differentiation of fetal germ cells depend on the sex of the embryo. In male mouse embryos, germ cell proliferation is regulated by the RNA helicase Mouse Vasa homolog gene and factors synthesized by the somatic Sertoli cells promote gonocyte differentiation. In the female, ovarian differentiation requires activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in the somatic cells by the secreted protein RSPO1. Using mouse models, we now show that Rspo1 also activates the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in germ cells. In XX Rspo1−/− gonads, germ cell proliferation, expression of the early meiotic marker Stra8, and entry into meiosis are all impaired. In these gonads, impaired entry into meiosis and germ cell sex reversal occur prior to detectable Sertoli cell differentiation, suggesting that β-catenin signaling acts within the germ cells to promote oogonial differentiation and entry into meiosis. Our results demonstrate that RSPO1/β-catenin signaling is involved in meiosis in fetal germ cells and contributes to the cellular decision of germ cells to differentiate into oocyte or sperm.
Youth Violence and the End of Adolescence

American youth experience high levels of violence, and increasingly the U.S. public policy response is to punish young perpetrators of violence through waivers and transfers from juvenile to adult courts. Adolescence is a time of expanding vulnerabilities and exposures to violence that can be self-destructive as well as destructive of others. Such violence can involve intimate relationships or strangers, and in addition to being perpetrators or victims, youth are often bystanders and witnesses to violence. The authors hypothesize that the life-course consequences of experiences with violence, especially violence in intimate adolescent relationships, include more than contemporaneous health risks, leading also to subsequent depression and premature exits from adolescence to adulthood. An analysis of panel data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health indicates that violence in intimate adolescent relationships results in depressed feelings, running away from home, serious thoughts about suicide, dropping out of school, and teenage pregnancy. Among adolescent females, violence in intimate relationships is especially likely to lead to depression, and exposure to violence on the street combines with violence by intimate partners to result in especially high risks of pregnancy. Future work should consider how exposure to violence and premature exits to adulthood negatively affect adult life outcomes.
Miracles Take a Little Longer: Science, Commercialisation, Cures and the Dore Program

In this article, the evidence regarding a proposed ‘cure’ for dyslexia and other, arguably related, conditions is examined critically. The origins and history of the Dore program and its progenitors, its introduction to Australia and its advertising claims are reviewed, with a focus on the claims made with regard to dyslexia, and particularly with regard to reading. The article compares the claims made about the program and the existing published research, considers whether the Dore program makes conceptual sense in the light of current scientific research and theory, evaluates the existing specific evidence adduced by its advocates as proof for the efficacy of the program, and compares the claims made by the program promoters with the scientific evidence available. It is concluded that none of the necessary desiderata to substantiate claims for a cure are met by the available scientific evidence for the efficacy of the Dore program.
Assessment of Adversarial Attacks on Traffic Sign Detection for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

This paper highlights the vulnerability of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles’ (CAVs) traffic sign detection systems to adversarial attacks - subtle manipulations that misguide machine learning algorithms and pose safety hazards. Particularly, white-box attacks, with full access to the model’s structure, are concerning. To combat this, the paper proposes a resilient neural network using a Bit-Plane segregation system. This mechanism dissects images into bits, removing the compromised parts, and thereby preserving the model’s accuracy. This defense approach requires multiple models trained for a voting-based robust defense. The system comprises a deep neural network for traffic sign detection, adversarial attack modules, a defensive framework, and a voting mechanism. The conducted experiments underline the proposed defense mechanism’s effectiveness in substantially restoring the accuracy compromised due to adversarial attacks.