Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethnic children and adolescents with musculoskeletal pain – what challenges does a general practitioner experience in the meeting with these patients ? A qualitative study

Aim: Musculoskeletal pain is common among children and adolescents. Despite this, there is a lack of knowledge of the phenotype of the children and adolescents who consult in general practice with musculoskeletal pain. The aim of this study was to investigate what challenges a general practitioner experience in the meeting with ethnic children and adolescents with musculoskeletal pain. Methodology: Eight general practitioners in Denmark were interviewed individually based on a semistructured interview guide with questions aimed at the ethnic children and adolescents’ descriptions of pain, their expectations for the general practitioner, and the possible challenges in the meeting between the general practitioner and these patients. Data from the interviews were analysed using systematic text condensation. Results: Results showed that general practitioners experienced five different challenges in the meeting with ethnic children and adolescents with musculoskeletal pain. Firstly, the general practitioners experienced higher treatment requirements among this particular patient group, and it can be difficult to the general practitioner to comply these. At the same time, some ethnic patients see the general practitioner as an authority to a greater extent than most Danish patients. Secondly, these patients often have an inadequate understanding of disease, which the general practitioner has to take into account when explaining causes and possible treatments to the patients. Moreover, some GPs experienced that some of the patients are more concerned about their pain than similar Danish patients. A third challenge of importance to the consultation was family patterns, and attention must often be paid to the whole family during the consultation. The general practitioner also experienced challenges in relation to the patients’ descriptions of symptoms, which for some can be more dramatic. Finally, the general practitioners experienced different linguistic challenges.
Highly efficient spectral hole-burning in oxygen-evolving photosystem II preparations

quinone (QA) either neutral or photoreduced to QA - via a low-temperature pre-illumination. Remarkably efficient hole-burning is observed within the chlorophyll Qy(0,0) absorption envelope in the wavelength range of 676695 nm. The hole-burning action spectrum of a sample poised in the S1(QA - ) state is dominated by a narrow feature (40 cm -1 ) at 684 nm, where hole depths of 30% are attainable. The photoproduct for spectral holes burnt in this region is distributed across the 50 cm -1 absorption feature centered at 683.5 nm, independent of the excitation wavelength within this band. Saturated hole-burning experiments indicate weak electron phonon coupling near 684 nm but stronger coupling for holes burnt near 690 nm. Selective excitation near 690 nm of samples in the S1(QA) state also results in efficient Q A - formation. Negligible hole-burning activity is observed at higher energies (<676 nm). Holewidths extrapolated to zero fluence and temperature are 2.0 ( 0.5 GHz near 685 nm for PSII samples in the S1(QA - ) state. Holewidths are twice as large and holeburning quantum efficiencies are up to an order of magnitude greater (approaching 1%) for samples in the S1(QA) state. We ascribe hole-burning near 684 nm to slow (40-210 ps) excitation transfer from a CP43 chlorophyll to the PSII reaction center, and we ascribe hole-burning at 690 nm to excitation transfer from a chlorophyll in CP47. The unusually high hole-burning efficiency that we observe is attributed to a mechanism that involves charge separation in the reaction center that follows excitation transfer from these “slow transfer” states in CP43 and CP47. A key result of this work is the observation that selective excitation in the range 685-695 nm leads to efficient charge separation, as indicated by QA - formation. This indicates the presence of (a relatively weak) P680 absorption in a native PSII, extending to low energy and underlying the CP47 chlorophyll trap absorption.
Application of a adaptive-learning situation evaluation function based on Feature-Matrix in Dots-and-Boxes

This paper proposes a method for obtaining a reasonably accurate evaluation function of a game situation through the data of games and the situation feature matrix. An accurate evaluation function is indispensable for a strong computer game program. A game situation is projected into a feature matrix which consists of feature variates charactering the situation. Using variates as input and employ a multi-layer perception as a nonlinear evaluation function. Since it is not easy to obtain accurate evaluated values of situations, the reinforcement adaptive-learning is employed. Experiments using 134 games show that the proposed method works well in obtaining a very accurate evaluation function for Dots-and-Boxes.
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 Mediates Transport of Gimatecan and BNP1350 and Can Be Inhibited by Several Classic ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) B1 and/or ABCG2 Inhibitors

Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are important uptake transporters that can have a profound impact on the systemic pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and elimination of several drugs. Previous in vivo studies of the pharmacokinetics of the lipophilic camptothecin (CPT) analog gimatecan suggested that the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) B1 (P-glycoprotein) and/or ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein) inhibitors elacridar and pantoprazole could inhibit transporters other than ABCB1 and ABCG2. In this study, we tested the possible role of OATP1B1 in this interaction by screening a number of CPT analogs for their transport affinity by human OATP1B1 in vitro. In addition, the impact of several widely used ABCB1 and/or ABCG2 modulators on this OATP1B1-mediated transport was assessed. We identified two novel CPT anticancer drugs, gimatecan and BNP1350, as OATP1B1 substrates, whereas irinotecan, topotecan, and lurtotecan were not transported by OATP1B1. It is interesting to note that transport of 17β-estradiol 17β-d-glucuronide (control), gimatecan, and BNP1350 by OATP1B1 could be completely inhibited by the classic ABCB1 and/or ABCG2 inhibitors elacridar, valspodar, pantoprazole, and, to a lesser extent, zosuquidar and verapamil. Therefore, the effect of these ABCB1 and ABCG2 modulators on the plasma pharmacokinetics of gimatecan and BNP1350 (and possibly also other OATP1B1 substrates) may be partly because of inhibition of OATP1B1 besides inhibition of ABCB1 and/or ABCG2. The findings of this study suggest that OATP1B1 polymorphisms or coadministration with one of the ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibitors could affect drug uptake, tissue distribution, and elimination of some CPT anticancer drugs, thereby modifying their efficacy and/or safety profile.
Wandering wires: frequency of sternal wire abnormalities in patients with sternal dehiscence.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to assess the frequency of various sternal wire abnormalities on chest radiographs of patients with sternal dehiscence and to determine the role of radiography in detecting or confirming this complication. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used our computerized hospital information system to identify all patients with a diagnosis of sternal dehiscence from January 1993 through June 1998. Clinical data were obtained by retrospective chart review. A chest radiograph from the date of diagnosis was compared with the first postoperative radiograph obtained after median sternotomy. Each radiograph was retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists who assessed three sternotomy wire abnormalities: displacement (offset of one or more wires in relation to others in the vertical row), rotation (alteration in the axis of a wire compared with its orientation on a baseline radiograph), and disruption (unraveling or fracture of a wire). We also reviewed a series of postoperative radiographs in a group of matched controls who had an uneventful postoperative course with no clinical evidence of dehiscence. RESULTS The study cohort included 19 patients, 13 men and six women, who were 49-84 years old (mean, 66 years). The chest radiographs revealed sternal wire abnormalities in 17 (89%) of 19 patients with sternal dehiscence, including displacement in 16 (84%) of 19 patients, rotation in 10 (53%) of 19 patients, and disruption in four (21%) of 19 patients. The mean number of displaced wires per patient was 2.3 (range, 1-5). The mean distance of maximal displacement was 20 mm (range, 6-45 mm). Radiographic abnormalities preceded the clinical diagnosis in 13 (68%) of 19 patients. We observed no case of sternal wire displacement, rotation, or disruption in the control group. CONCLUSION Sternal wire abnormalities, most notably displacement, are present in most patients with sternal dehiscence; radiographic abnormalities precede the clinical diagnosis in most cases.
Perceived health status in Multiple Sclerosis patients

Objective: The main aim of this study was to investigate whether different levels of perceived social support are associated with different levels of perceived health status in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods: Two hundred and seven MS patients (38.4±10.6 years, 66.2% female) completed the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) as the measure for perceived health status, and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) as the measure for social support. Functional disability was assessed using Kurtzke’s Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). The contribution of EDSS and PSSS for explaining the variance in SF-36 was investigated with multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Demographic variables and EDSS explained 44% of the variance of the physical health summary scale in the SF-36. Demographic variables, EDSS and PSSS from family and friends explained 24% of the variance in mental health summary scale in the SF-36. Results varied according to the multiple linear regression analyses of predictors of variance in the eight dimensions of the SF-36. Conclusion: PSSS from signiﬁ cant others was positively associated with general health dimension of perceived physical health status, while PSSS from family and friends was positively associated with perceived mental health status in MS patients. Practice Implications: The results show the importance of supporting social ties and relationships between MS patients and others.
Splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma has a distinct pattern of somatic mutations amongst B-cell malignancies

Abstract Splenic Diffuse Red Pulp Lymphoma (SDRPL) has been recently introduced as a provisional entity but differential diagnosis with other splenic lymphomas is needed to be clarified since the therapeutic approaches are distinct. Recently described recurrent mutations or CD180 expression appear useful for differential diagnosis. We completed our previous description in a larger cohort including 53 patients selected on the presence of characteristic villous cells in peripheral blood (PB) and a specific immunophenotype. Immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV), BRAF, MYD88, and NOTCH2 mutations were determined and CD180 and BRAF expressions were assessed. Most cases (79%) were IGHV mutated with an overrepresentation of IGHV3-23 (19%) and IGHV4-34 (21%). MYD88 L265P and NOTCH2 mutations were observed in one case each, whereas no BRAF V600E mutation or expression was found. All cases demonstrated a high CD180 expression. Those results strengthen the concept that SDRPL does emerge as a new lymphoma entity distinct from the other splenic lymphomas with circulating lymphocytes.
Apparent Expression of Varicella-Zoster Virus Proteins in Latency Resulting from Reactivity of Murine and Rabbit Antibodies with Human Blood Group A Determinants in Sensory Neurons

ABSTRACT Analyses of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) protein expression during latency have been discordant, with rare to many positive neurons detected. We show that ascites-derived murine and rabbit antibodies specific for VZV proteins in vitro contain endogenous antibodies that react with human blood type A antigens in neurons. Apparent VZV neuronal staining and blood type A were strongly associated (by a χ2 test, α = 0.0003). Adsorption of ascites-derived monoclonal antibodies or antiserum with type A erythrocytes or the use of in vitro-derived VZV monoclonal antibodies eliminated apparent VZV staining. Animal-derived antibodies must be screened for anti-blood type A reactivity to avoid misidentification of viral proteins in the neurons of the 30 to 40% of individuals who are blood type A.
Mining Interesting Patterns from Very High Dimensional Data: A Top-Down Row Enumeration Approach

Data sets of very high dimensionality, such as microarray data, pose great challenges on efficient processing to most existing data mining algorithms. Recently, there comes a row-enumeration method that performs a bottom-up search of row combination space to find corresponding frequent patterns. Due to a limited number of rows in microarray data, this method is more efficient than column enumerationbased algorithms. However, the bottom-up search strategy cannot take an advantage of user-specified minimum support threshold to effectively prune search space, and therefore leads to long runtime and much memory overhead. In this paper we propose a new search strategy, top-down mining, integrated with a novel rowenumeration tree, which makes full use of the pruning power of the minimum support threshold to cut down search space dramatically. Using this kind of searching strategy, we design an algorithm, TD-Close, to find a complete set of frequent closed patterns from very high dimensional data. Furthermore, an effective closeness-checking method is also developed that avoids scanning the dataset multiple times. Our performance study shows that the TD-Close algorithm outperforms substantially both Carpenter, a bottom-up searching algorithm, and FPclose, a column enumeration-based frequent closed pattern mining algorithm.
β-Neurexin Is a Ligand for the Staphylococcus aureus MSCRAMM SdrC

Gram-positive bacteria contain a family of surface proteins that are covalently anchored to the cell wall of the organism. These cell-wall anchored (CWA) proteins appear to play key roles in the interactions between pathogenic organisms and the host. A subfamily of the CWA has a common structural organization with multiple domains adopting characteristic IgG-like folds. The identified microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) belong to this subfamily, as does SdrC from S. aureus. However, an interactive host ligand for the putative MSCRAMM SdrC was not previously identified. We have screened a phage display peptide library and identified a peptide sequence found in β-neurexin that binds SdrC. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the identified sequence as well as a recombinant form of the β-neurexin 1 exodomain binds SdrC with high affinity and specificity. Furthermore, expression of SdrC on bacteria greatly enhances microbial adherence to cultured mammalian cells expressing β-neurexin on their surface. Taken together, our experimental results demonstrate that β-neurexin is a ligand for SdrC. This interaction involves a specific sequence located in the N-terminal region of the mammalian protein and the N2N3 domain of the MSCRAMM. The fact that these two proteins interact when expressed on the appropriate cells demonstrates the functionality of the interaction. Possible implications of this interaction are discussed.
MECHANISM OF LACTOSE TRANSLOCATION IN MEMBRANE VESICLES FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI

The chemiosmotic hypothesis proposed by Peter Mitchell 1-5 has stimulated widespread interest in the role of the “protonmotive force” in bioenergetic processes. According to this hypothesis, energy derived from respiration or photochemical reactions is transformed into a transmembrane electrochemical gradient of protons ( A ~ T ~ ~ + ) that represents the immediate driving force for the synthesis of ATP, active transport, and certain other energy-dependent processes.G In 1963, Mitchell postulated explicitly that ATrI+ drives the accumulation of B-galactosides in E.wherichia coli and that the active transport of these substrates occurs via coupled movements with protons (i.e., symport) . i By this means, a 8-galactoside-specific membrane protein (the product of the lac y gene) translocates substrate with protons, the substrate moving against and the proton( s) with their respective electrochemical gradients. E . coli membrane vesicles retain the same configuration as the plasma membrane in the intact cell,*-lo and this in virro system has contributed increasingly to an understanding of chemiosmotic phenomena, particularly with respect to active transport.11-15 Recent experiments have clarified the relationship between the electrical and chemical components of A ~ L ~ ~ + and the accumulation of specific transport Moreover, the concept of proton/substrate symport has been supported by the demonstration that active lactose accumulation leads to partial collapse of the electrical potential ( A T ) z1 and the pH gradient ( A ~ H ) lS across the vesicle membrane, by studies of proton/substrate stoichiometry,19 and by monitoring, lac carrier function in response to A T and ApH with fluorescent and photoreactive probes.22-2n Several laboratories have investigated proton/p-galactoside symport in intact E. coli by studying substrate-induced proton fluxes. West and Mitchell 21-2G demonstrated that addition of lactose to de-energized cells causes alkalinization of the medium, and Wilson’s laboratory showed that transient accumulation of methyl-I-thio-p-D-galactopyranoside (TMG) can be coupled to an artificiallygenerated A T (interior negative) or A ~ H (interior alkaline) in starved cells.27 Similarly, Flagg and Wilson 2x observed that TMG efflux can drive proline uptake due to the ability of the lac carrier to catalyze proton translocation as TMG moves down its concentration gradient. Although these studies provide strong evidence for proton/ substrate symport, the mechanism of the reaction is unknown.
Explaining the Effects of Floral Density on Flower Visitor Species Composition

Floral density often influences the species composition of flower visitors. This variation in visitor species composition could have significant effects on pollination success and plant fitness but is poorly understood, especially in the many pollination guilds dominated by nonterritorial species. This article presents a foraging model that explores how flower visitors with diverse traits should distribute themselves across resource patches differing in floral density. The model predicts that species with low flower search speeds and low flower handling costs compared to those of competitors will usually dominate dense flower patches. In addition, among flower visitors that have lower energy expenditure rates while handling flowers than while traveling, species maximizing energetic efficiency are typically associated with dense flower patches, whereas those maximizing net rate of energy intake are associated with sparse patches. The model is able to predict some key aspects of a previously observed effect of floral density on species composition of flower visitors to the yellowflower tarweed (Holocarpha virgata). By providing insights into how flower visitors’ traits shape the effects of floral density on the species composition of flower visitors, this study makes an important step towards understanding how pollinator diversity influences relationships between plant density and plant fitness.
Comparison of different grid based techniques for real-time map building

This article compares Dempster Shafer's evidence methods' and fuzzy union operators' accuracy and speed criteria for real-time map building process. For real-time applications, it's very important to choose the right operator which can give good results rapidly for different kind of environments. In this study, several fuzzy union techniques are used to integrate sonar measurements for the map representation. The advantage of the method over Dampster-Sheafer approach is discussed. Experimental studies are taken on Nomad 200 robots simulation environment.
Root-Cause Analysis of Peak Power Saturation in Pulse-Pumped 1100 nm Broad Area Single Emitter Diode Lasers

Many physical effects can potentially limit the peak achievable output power of single emitter broad area diode lasers under high current, pulse-pumped operation conditions. Although previous studies have shown reliable operation to high pump levels (240 A, 300 ns, and 1 kHz), power was found to saturate. We present here results of a systematic study to unambiguously determine the sources of this power saturation. A combination of detailed measurements and finite element device simulation were used for the diagnosis. We find that the measured power saturation is dominated by electron leakage caused by band bending at high bias due to the low mobility of the p-type waveguide. However, the power saturation is only fully reproduced when longitudinal spatial hole-burning is included. Higher powers are expected to be achieved if higher energy barriers and lower confinement factors are used to mitigate leakage and longitudinal hole-burning, respectively.
Acid and base resistance in Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri: role of rpoS and growth pH

Escherichia coli K-12 strains and Shigella flexneri grown to stationary phase can survive several hours at pH 2 to 3, which is considerably lower than the acid limit for growth (about pH 4.5). A 1.3-kb fragment cloned from S. flexneri conferred acid resistance on acid-sensitive E. coli HB101; sequence data identified the fragment as a homolog of rpoS, the growth phase-dependent sigma factor sigma 38. The clone also conferred acid resistance on S. flexneri rpoS::Tn10 but not on Salmonella typhimurium. E. coli and S. flexneri strains containing wild-type rpoS maintained greater internal pH in the face of a low external pH than strains lacking functional rpoS, but the ability to survive at low pH did not require maintenance of a high transmembrane pH difference. Aerobic stationary-phase cultures of E. coli MC4100 and S. flexneri 3136, grown initially at an external pH range of 5 to 8, were 100% acid resistant (surviving 2 h at pH 2.5). Aerobic log-phase cultures grown at pH 5.0 were acid resistant; survival decreased 10- to 100-fold as the pH of growth was increased to pH 8.0. Extended growth in log phase also decreased acid resistance substantially. Strains containing rpoS::Tn10 showed partial acid resistance when grown at pH 5 to stationary phase; log-phase cultures showed < 0.01% acid resistance. When grown anaerobically at low pH, however, the rpoS::Tn10 strains were acid resistant. E. coli MC4100 also showed resistance at alkaline pH outside the growth range (base resistance). Significant base resistance was observed up to pH 10.2. Base resistance was diminished by rpoS::Tn10 and by the presence of Na+. Base resistance was increased by an order of magnitude for stationary-phase cultures grown in moderate base (pH 8) compared with those grown in moderate acid (pH 5). Anaerobic growth partly restored base resistance in cultures grown at pH 5 but not in those grown at pH 8. Thus, both acid resistance and base resistance show dependence on growth pH and are regulated by rpoS under certain conditions. For acid resistance, and in part for base resistance, the rpoS requirement can be overcome by anaerobic growth in moderate acid.