Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Engineering Intrusion Detection Prevent Services for Hypervisor within Infrastructure Cloud Systems

The notion of cloud computing has evolved as an innovative computing platform, but a close examination of the paradigm, reveals it is a collection of oof the shelf components loosely connected together. Cloud computing infrastructures offers unique security challenges, with respect to ensuring that user data, and software, beyond the user’s reach is secured, using highly reliable and available services. The infrastructure layer is the basis for all cloud computing enviroments and most users do not have access to it. Virtual machines infrastrucutre enable the propagation of vunerabilities, resulting in difficulties for exiting intrusion detection and prevent system (IDPS) detecting and defending against intruders. This paper outlines efforts to enhance IDPS within the hypervisor to detect multi-stage intrusion attacks within infrastructure-oriented cloud systems. This paper outlines preliminary work in contructing and testing a cloud ecosystem.
A taxonomy of similarity operators for color image filtering

Processing of color image data using directional information has received increased attention lately due to the introduction of the vector median and vector directional filters. These ranked-order type filters utilize the magnitude and the direction of color vectors to enhance, restore and segment color images. Their only tunable parameters are the size and shape of the sliding window, and the distance function used to measure similarity between the color vectors. The objective of this paper is two-fold. First, to present the different distance functions already in use and secondly, to introduce new measures that may be used in conjunction with ranked-order type filters for color image filtering. Simulation studies involving color images are used to assess the performance of the different filters.
Development of a novel EEG paradigm to investigate the neural correlates of children's emotion understanding

Emotion understanding is a key foundation of social skills (e.g. Denham et al., 2003; Izard et al., 2001) and thus research into its determinants is a potentially important area for clinical and developmental psychology. This thesis investigates the development of emotion understanding in young children. Part one is a literature review of 23 papers examining the relationship between attachment and emotion understanding in children. A summary of the papers is presented, before reflections on the meaning of the results. Overall, secure attachment appears to be related to superior emotion understanding. However, larger, well-controlled studies are needed to better understand the association. Part two presents an empirical paper focused on the development of a novel Electroencephalogram (EEG) paradigm to investigate emotion understanding in 6-year-old children. The children tested formed part of a cohort of children who had taken part in a previous study, in which their attachment to their primary care-giver was profiled. The study is the first to demonstrate Event Related Potentials (ERPs) associated with emotion understanding in young children. Specifically, a Late Positive Potential (LPP) was found to be an index of emotion understanding. The paper investigates associations between ERPs and social competence measures, and with security of attachment. The empirical research was undertaken with Sarah Carman (Carman, 2013). Part three provides a critical appraisal of the research process. It considers difficulties encountered in producing externally valid research. Issues in the development of the EEG paradigm, methodological difficulties in ERP research, and measure selection are discussed.
Cluster based routing algorithm with evenly load distribution for large scale networks

One of the major restrictions for the application areas in wireless sensor network is the threat of limited energy resources. The sensor nodes are equipped with ir-rechargable batteries as the source of power. To maximize the entire network life time it is required to optimize the energy usage for the sensor nodes in WSNs. It is already established that clustering is an efficient routing technique requires less energy consumption to transmit data to the base station with compare to the direct communication techniques. Efficiency of clustering technique is directly dependent on formation of the cluster and cluster head selection techniques. The uneven distribution of the sensors among the clusters will cause energy leakage problem for some cluster heads and may cause premature deaths to them. In this paper, we present a novel cluster based routing algorithm that ensures to form clusters with even load as well as select cluster heads in a better way using fuzzy based environment so that optimal data transmission on single or multi hop environment is maintained. The simulation results more than 40% prolonged life time for the sensor nodes.
Biogenesis and speciation of nascent apoA-I-containing particles in various cell lines Published, JLR Papers in Press, May 16, 2005. DOI 10.1194/jlr.M500038-JLR200

It is generally thought that the large heterogeneity of human HDL confers antiatherogenic properties; however, the mechanisms governing HDL biogenesis and speciation are complex and poorly understood. Here, we show that incubation of exogenous apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) with fibroblasts, CaCo-2, or CHO-overexpressing ABCA1 cells generates only α-nascent apolipoprotein A-I-containing particles (α-LpA-I) with diameters of 8–20 nm, whereas human umbilical vein endothelial cells and ABCA1 mutant (Q597R) cells were unable to form such particles. Interestingly, incubation of exogenous apoA-I with either HepG2 or macrophages generates both α-LpA-I and preβ1-LpA-I. Furthermore, glyburide inhibits almost completely the formation of α-LpA-I but not preβ1-LpA-I. Similarly, endogenously secreted HepG2 apoA-I was found to be associated with both preβ1-LpA-I and α-LpA-I; by contrast, CaCo-2 cells secreted only α-LpA-I. To determine whether α-LpA-I generated by fibroblasts is a good substrate for LCAT, isolated α-LpA-I as well as reconstituted HDL [r(HDL)] was reacted with LCAT. Although both particles had similar Vmax (8.4 vs. 8.2 nmol cholesteryl ester/h/μg LCAT, respectively), the Km value was increased 2-fold for α-LpA-I compared with r(HDL) (1.2 vs. 0.7 μM apoA-I). These results demonstrate that 1) ABCA1 is required for the formation of α-LpA-I but not preβ1-LpA-I; and 2) α-LpA-I interacts efficiently with LCAT. Thus, our study provides direct evidence for a new link between specific cell lines and the speciation of nascent HDL that occurs by both ABCA1-dependent and -independent pathways.
Ultra Low Power Signal Oriented Approach for Wireless Health Monitoring

In recent years there is growing pressure on the medical sector to reduce costs while maintaining or even improving the quality of care. A potential solution to this problem is real time and/or remote patient monitoring by using mobile devices. To achieve this, medical sensors with wireless communication, computational and energy harvesting capabilities are networked on, or in, the human body forming what is commonly called a Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). We present the implementation of a novel Wake Up Receiver (WUR) in the context of standardised wireless protocols, in a signal-oriented WBAN environment and present a novel protocol intended for wireless health monitoring (WhMAC). WhMAC is a TDMA-based protocol with very low power consumption. It utilises WBAN-specific features and a novel ultra low power wake up receiver technology, to achieve flexible and at the same time very low power wireless data transfer of physiological signals. As the main application is in the medical domain, or personal health monitoring, the protocol caters for different types of medical sensors. We define four sensor modes, in which the sensors can transmit data, depending on the sensor type and emergency level. A full power dissipation model is provided for the protocol, with individual hardware and application parameters. Finally, an example application shows the reduction in the power consumption for different data monitoring scenarios.
Construction and validation of an ecological version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test applied to an elderly population

ABSTRACT The goal of this project was to construct and validate an ecological version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) aimed at the elderly. This was accomplished by replacing the geometric stimuli of the traditional version with stimuli belonging to the semantic category of transport vehicles, and by elimination of the color yellow. The results showed the ecological WCST version was preferred over the traditional version and older people felt less tired during test performance. In the two independent normal elderly groups, all pairs of scores that can be derived from the WCST correlated significantly with each other. Six of 11 outcome measures of the traditional WCST-128 (long) version were significantly influenced by age. By contrast, in the WCST-64 (short) version and in the ecological WCST-54 version only one measure was affected by the age variable. No significant effect of education level or gender emerged from the results in any WCST version. Again, the subjects with cognitive deterioration had lower performance in the ecological WCST-54 version than in the two traditional WCST versions. It seems reasonable to assume that the ecological version of WCST is more discriminating and has more advantages than the traditional versions. Further research on individual differences in the performance on this task will increase understanding of the components of the test, and of the variety of factors and possible deficits that could lead to an impaired performance of the test.
Iterative Analysis to Improve Key Properties of Critical Human-Intensive Processes

In this article, we present an approach for systematically improving complex processes, especially those involving human agents, hardware devices, and software systems. We illustrate the utility of this approach by applying it to part of an election process and show how it can improve the security and correctness of that subprocess. We use the Little-JIL process definition language to create a precise and detailed definition of the process. Given this process definition, we use two forms of automated analysis to explore whether specified key properties, such as security and safety policies, can be undermined. First, we use model checking to identify process execution sequences that fail to conform to event-sequence properties. After these are addressed, we apply fault tree analysis to identify when the misperformance of steps might allow undesirable outcomes, such as security breaches. The results of these analyses can provide assurance about the process; suggest areas for improvement; and, when applied to a modified process definition, evaluate proposed changes.
Practical Play of Pig 5 Practical Play of the Dice Game Pig

The object of the jeopardy dice game Pig is to be the first player to reach 100 points. Each turn, a player repeatedly rolls a die until either a 1 is rolled or the player holds and scores the sum of the rolls (i.e., the turn total). At any time during a player’s turn, the player is faced with two choices: roll or hold. If the player rolls a 1, the player scores nothing and it becomes the opponent’s turn. If the player rolls a number other than 1, the number is added to the player’s turn total and the player’s turn continues. If the player instead chooses to hold, the turn total is added to the player’s score and it becomes the opponent’s turn. In our original article [Neller and Presser 2004], we described a means to compute optimal play for Pig. However, optimal play is surprisingly complex and beyond human potential to memorize and apply. In this paper, we mathematically explore a more subjective question:
A New Upper Bound on the Query Complexity of Testing Generalized Reed-Muller Codes

Over a finite field \({\mathbb{F}}_q\) the (n,d,q)-Reed-Muller code is the code given by evaluations of n-variate polynomials of total degree at most d on all points (of \({\mathbb{F}}_q^n\)). The task of testing if a function \(f:{\mathbb{F}}_q^n \to {\mathbb{F}}_q\) is close to a codeword of an (n,d,q)-Reed-Muller code has been of central interest in complexity theory and property testing. The query complexity of this task is the minimal number of queries that a tester can make (minimum over all testers of the maximum number of queries over all random choices) while accepting all Reed-Muller codewords and rejecting words that are δ-far from the code with probability Ω(δ). (In this work we allow the constant in the Ω to depend on d.)
Femoral Nail Removal Should Be Restricted in Asymptomatic Patients

Femoral nail removal has been suggested as a routine procedure for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether asymptomatic patients have long-term complaints after femoral nail removal. Additionally, factors that might extend operation time and effect soft tissue healing negatively were analyzed. A retrospective study on the removal of 164 femoral nails after fracture consolidation was done. A review of the patient charts and radiographs was done. Neither the interval between nail implantation and nail removal or the use of an end-cap significantly influenced the operation time. The surgeon’s qualification and nail depth were the only variables that influenced operation time. Neither operation time, nail depth, surgeon’s qualification, nor the grade of heterotopic ossification significantly influenced the incidence of wound healing problems. One hundred nine patients (73%) were available for the followup interview. Preoperatively, 58 patients (53%) had local complaints. Of these 58 patients, 78% reported improvement and 7% reported an aggravation of their local complaints. Of the 51 patients who were asymptomatic before surgery, 20% reported long-term complaints at followup. Only symptomatic patients should be considered for femoral nail removal.
Leveraging 3D PCRAM technologies to reduce checkpoint overhead for future exascale systems

The scalability of future massively parallel processing (MPP) systems is challenged by high failure rates. Current hard disk drive (HDD) checkpointing results in overhead of 25% or more at the petascale. With a direct correlation between checkpoint frequencies and node counts, novel techniques that can take more frequent checkpoints with minimum overhead are critical to implement a reliable exascale system. In this work, we leverage the upcoming Phase-Change Random Access Memory (PCRAM) technology and propose a hybrid local/global checkpointing mechanism after a thorough analysis of MPP systems failure rates and failure sources. We propose three variants of PCRAM-based hybrid checkpointing schemes, DIMM+HDD, DIMM+DIMM, and 3D+3D, to reduce the checkpoint overhead and offer a smooth transition from the conventional pure HDD checkpoint to the ideal 3D PCRAM mechanism. The proposed pure 3D PCRAM-based mechanism can ultimately take checkpoints with overhead less than 4% on a projected exascale system.
An inverted pendulum model for reproducing human's body dynamics in waltz and its applications in a dance partner robot

A linear inverted pendulum (LIPM) is used to model the human dancer's body dynamics in closed changes. Several assumptions are made: a controller is proposed to balance the LIPM; the dance frame is considered as a spring-damper connection; the two dancers are assumed to choose support positions independently. Motions generated by the model are compared with human's real motions. Results of comparisons suggest the model and the assumptions are effective in reproducing human dancers' body dynamics in waltz. Issues in implementing the model on a dance partner robot are discussed.
Simulation and analysis of a four port DC/DC converter for Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) technology provides an effective solution to achieve reduced fuel emission, energy saving and better performance. Hybrid electric vehicles utilize two or more sources of power for propulsion. The power sources could be any combination of photovoltaic cell, fuel cell, on-board battery, etc. While using two or more sources there is a need to utilize each source in its most efficient region. It is also necessary to use a power source which is readily available at low cost without compromising the requirements of the drive. To accommodate these power sources Multiple Input Power Electronic Converters (MIPEC) are used. This paper proposes a non-isolated MIPEC with four ports and a controller to obtain best available power from each source.
High Detection Performance of NDIR ${\rm CO}_{2}$ Sensor Using Stair-Tapered Reflector

In this paper, we propose tapered reflectors having stair-like structures that focus scattered infrared (IR) rays to enhance the detection performance of a non-dispersive IR (NDIR) CO2 sensor. We demonstrate that the sensitivity of the output voltage is increased by 2 and 1.27 times in simulations and experiments, respectively, compared with the case when conventionally tapered reflectors are used. Through applying a stair-like structure inside the tapered optical cavity, scattered IR rays are condensed, and more accurate CO2 concentration measurements are possible. In addition, we show that the output voltage changes only slightly with temperature and humidity variations compared with the conventionally tapered optical cavity. Because the proposed structure can be applied to any type of optical cavity without major modifications, we expect that it can resolve the performance limitations of low-end NDIR gas sensors.
Ion-Channel Biosensors : Construction and Dynamic Modeling

This paper deals with the construction and dynamic modeling of a novel biosensor that exploits the selective conductivity of biological ion channels. The biosensor comprises gramicidin A channels embedded in a synthetic tethered lipid bilayer. It provides highly sensitive and rapid detection of a wide variety of analytes. In this paper we outline the principle of operation of this ion channel biosensor including the fabrication of biochip arrays and reproducibility/stability issues. Then the electrical dynamics and chemical dynamics of the biosensor are modeled. The electrical dynamics are modeled by a second order linear system. The chemical dynamics of the biosensor response to analyte concentration in the reaction-rate-limited regime are modeled by a twotime scale nonlinear system of differential equations. Also the analyte concentration in the mass-transport-influenced regime is modeled by a partial differential equation subject to a mix of Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions. By using the theory of singular perturbation, we develop models that predict the performance of the biosensor in transient and steady-state regimes. Finally, we outline the use of statistical signal processing algorithms that exploit the biosensor dynamics to classify analyte concentration.
The Florida Performance Measurement System: A Consideration

It has long been a dream of educationists that the evaluation of teaching be based on something other than the whims of administrators and supervisors of teachers. Everyone knows what that means at its worst: Unthinking, often theoretically myopic bureaucrats take rumors, noise levels, and even the level of the window blinds as crucial indicators of teacher competence. No attention is paid to the careful thought the teacher has put into lessons; no attempt is made to consider the many ways in which teaching can be excellent or even competent. Anything that moves us away from such whimsicality should be an improvement, and something that is based on careful empirical research should be welcomed with glee by anyone concerned with the present state of American schools. The Florida Performance Measurement System (FPMS) is a direct attempt to make this dream a reality. The product of a coalition of writers working under the chairmanship of B. O. Smith, it is probably the most extensive attempt in recent years to translate research on teaching into a practical form for use in training, evaluating, and rewarding teachers. The most important FPMS document is “Domains: Knowledge Base of the Florida Performance Measurement System” (henceforth “Domains”); other titles include “Handbook for the Beginning Teacher Program for Florida Teachers”; “Manual for Coding Teacher Performance on the Summative Observation Instrument,” a short-form version of “Domains” that does not consider the research background; and the all-important “Summative Observation Instrument” (SOI), used by observers in classrooms. ’ We should be greeting this attempt with glee-and yet there is some-
Implications of Urine‐to‐Feces Ratio in the Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Waste

Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure represents a potential waste treatment technology to address environmental concerns, such as odor emissions and removal of pathogenic microorganisms. However, there are concerns relative to the stability of this process when swine manure is the sole substrate. In this study, the potential of biogas production from swine manure as the sole substrate under thermophilic (50°C) conditions was investigated in the laboratory, to determine whether separation of urine and feces as part of the waste collection process would benefit anaerobic digestion. Effluent from a continuously stirred tank reactor was used as the inoculum for batch tests, in which the substrate contained three different concentrations of urine (urine‐free, as‐excreted urine‐to‐feces ratio and double the as‐excreted urine‐to‐feces ratio). Inocula were acclimated to these same urine‐to‐feces ratios to determine methane production. Results show that both urine‐free and as‐excreted substrates were not inhibitory to anaerobic inocula. Anaerobic microorganisms can be readily acclimated to substrate with double the as‐excreted urine concentration, which contained nitrogen concentrations up to 7.20 g/L. Cumulative methane production reached similar levels in the batch tests, regardless of the substrate urine concentration.
Assessing age-related performance decrements in user interface tasks

As the computer and internet generations age, there is an increasing need to develop appropriate interfaces for the elderly that can accommodate age-related changes in manual dexterity, visual acuity, and cognitive abilities. Assessment of age effects is typically a necessary first step in designing age-appropriate interfaces, but assessment of age related effects may be complicated by a bias towards accuracy in the elderly or by other differences in how the tradeoff between speed and accuracy is handled by different people. In this paper, we attempt to investigate the effects of aging on performance difference in interacting with computer interfaces. An experiment was conducted to examine age related effects in a steering task. In order to assess the impact of a possible speed-accuracy tradeoff, performance was observed under three different instructional sets i.e., accuracy (A), neutral (N), and speed (S) when steering on a circular track. Experimental results showed that the elderly group performed significantly less accurately for all three instruction sets. The younger subjects were more influenced by instructions to perform faster, or with more accuracy. Cluster analysis of the empirical data individually for both the old and younger participants showed that variability among subjects was much greater in older users than younger users. Implications for user interface design for older users, and for the evaluation of age effects in HCI generally, are discussed.