Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secure Multimedia Distribution Based on Watermarking and Encryption

In this paper, a secure content distribution scheme is proposed which transmits the multimedia content to users in a secure manner. In server side, the content is embedded by pseudorandom sequences (the customer’s ID) and then encrypted by another pseudorandom sequence. In user side, the content is decrypted with the some sequence as the encryption process. All the pseudorandom sequences are generated by the chaotic map under the control of secure key. The decrypted content is traceable to trace the illegally redistribution of the pirate. Theoretical and experimental results show that the scheme obtains high security of the encryption, imperceptibility and traceability. Additionally, the embedded watermarks are robustness against collusion attack.
The structure of M.EcoKI Type I DNA methyltransferase with a DNA mimic antirestriction protein

Type-I DNA restriction–modification (R/M) systems are important agents in limiting the transmission of mobile genetic elements responsible for spreading bacterial resistance to antibiotics. EcoKI, a Type I R/M enzyme from Escherichia coli, acts by methylation- and sequence-specific recognition, leading to either methylation of DNA or translocation and cutting at a random site, often hundreds of base pairs away. Consisting of one specificity subunit, two modification subunits, and two DNA translocase/endonuclease subunits, EcoKI is inhibited by the T7 phage antirestriction protein ocr, a DNA mimic. We present a 3D density map generated by negative-stain electron microscopy and single particle analysis of the central core of the restriction complex, the M.EcoKI M2S1 methyltransferase, bound to ocr. We also present complete atomic models of M.EcoKI in complex with ocr and its cognate DNA giving a clear picture of the overall clamp-like operation of the enzyme. The model is consistent with a large body of experimental data on EcoKI published over 40 years.
The Stuff 'Traditions' Are Made Of: On the Implicit Ontology of an Ethnographic Category

’Tradition’ is not usually considered as a crucial anthropological concept. Although many anthropologists devote most of their time to the study of traditional societies, the notion itself is considered as either self-evident (everyone knows what tradition is) or immaterial (the way you define it has no empirical consequences). Here I shall try to show that, on the contrary, the characterization of tradition has both difficulties and consequences. The question is usually obscured by some conceptual equivocations; and two preliminary remarks are necessary: (i) The term ’tradition’ is used to denote two quite different phenomena, the transmission of many beliefs, customs, practices, conceptions, etc., in oral cultures, and the preservation of certain texts in literate cultures. ’Normal’ anthropologists (used to) work in tribal societies, where most customs or beliefs are justified by such assertions as: ’this is what we’ve always done’, ’this is what our fathers told us to do’, ’this is what we (as opposed to the others) do’, and so on, and these statements are among the typical features of traditional contexts. Now it is possible that this situation-which I shall try to describe more specifically in the next sections-is somewhat similar to what takes place when a group of specialists is in charge of the transmission, faithful reproduction and interpretation of a certain text. But it is equally possible that the resemblance is only superficial, and anthropologists should certainly not beg the question by assimilating both situations under the label ’tradition’. Having worked on an oral tradition, I shall present some data and hypotheses that concern only this type of culture. (Henceforth, ’tradition’ stands for ’oral tradition’.) (ii) Even when we consider oral cultures, the use of ’tradition’ is somewhat confusing. The term is used to denote both a certain set of cultural ’things’ (beliefs, rituals, myths, etc.), as in ’Nuer traditions’, and the process of transmission that brought them about (e.g., ’tradition
ZNF804A and schizophrenia susceptibility in Asian populations

ZNF804A, a recently identified risk gene for schizophrenia, has been extensively investigated and the principle finding for this locus has been the association with SNP rs1344706 in populations of European ancestries. However, in Asian populations, only a few studies have been conducted for rs1344706 and the results were inconsistent. Here, we studied rs1344706 and schizophrenia susceptibility in multiple Asian case–control samples (10 Chinese and 2 Japanese samples; N = 21,062), and the meta‐analyses indicated non‐significant association of rs1344706 with schizophrenia (P = 0.26), suggesting the same SNP identified in European samples is not predisposing risk in Asians. Further genotyping and association analyses of a set of SNPs spanning the entire genomic region of ZNF804A (520 kb) identified no association except for SNP rs359895 (P = 7.8 × 10−5, N = 5,172), a newly reported risk SNP located in the ZNF804A promoter region with functional implications. This suggests that ZNF804A may also contribute to schizophrenia susceptibility in Asians although the risk SNP is different from that in Europeans, and it was supported by the detected up‐regulation of ZNF804A mRNA expression in the blood cells of Chinese schizophrenia patients compared with normal controls (P = 0.004). Additionally, the linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure analyses using data from HapMap indicated distinct LD blocks across ZNF804A between Chinese and Europeans, which may explain the different association patterns between them, and also highlight the compounding difficulty of genetic studies of complex diseases like schizophrenia when studying multiple ethnic populations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
El consumo de alcohol en la lógica del botellón

El botellon es un fenomeno nuevo entre la juventud espanola que se generaliza en los ultimos 15 anos, aunque con distinto impacto segun ciudades o regiones. Son los propios jovenes los que lo organizan las noches de los fines de semana, en espacios publicos al aire libre. Compran alcohol y otras bebidas y lo consumen en grupo. Se ha recogido informacion de toda Espana (prensa, informes, publicaciones) y especialmente en cinco autonomias (Baleares, Extremadura, Galicia, Madrid y Valencia), donde se ha realizado ademas trabajo de observacion, grupos de discusion, entrevistas con jovenes y representantes de colectivos implicados. La actividad principal y razon de ser del botellon es el consumo de bebidas alcoholicas. De 7 estudios que aportan porcentajes de consumo de alcohol 5 superan el 90% y 2 alrededor de 70%. El consumo y el bajo precio de las bebidas alcoholicas es una razon dada con frecuencia para justificar el botellon. Otras razones son: eliminar algunos controles existentes en los locales, los horarios (en el botellon pueden estar mas tiempo), el acceso segun la edad (muchos locales nocturnos limitan la entrada a menores). Tambien se menciona hablar, consumo drogas (entre 37% y 51% cannabis; entre 2% y 13% cocaina). En un estudio en Galicia se calcula que el 40% de la poblacion general entre 14 y 24 han ido alguna vez al botellon. Medidas habituales utilizadas en prevencion del alcohol en los espacios formales como controlar los horarios, el precio, el acceso de menores, etc, son muy dificiles de aplicar en el contexto del botellon.
Glucocorticoids, Aerobic Physiology, and Locomotor Behavior in California Mice*

The glucocorticoid hormones corticosterone (CORT) and cortisol influence numerous physiological, morphological, and behavioral functions. However, few studies have addressed possible relationships between individual differences in glucocorticoid concentrations and whole-animal performance or metabolism. Because CORT is important in glucose regulation and energy metabolism and can influence activity levels, we hypothesized that individual variation in baseline circulating CORT levels would correlate with individual differences in energy expenditure (routine and maximal), aerobic physiology, voluntary exercise on wheels, and organ masses. We tested this hypothesis in the California mouse (Peromyscus californicus). We collected data from 54 adult, colony-bred mice on baseline CORT levels (measured near both the circadian peak and the circadian trough), voluntary wheel running and its energetic costs, maximal oxygen consumption during forced treadmill exercise (), basal metabolic rate, and relative organ masses. We found surprisingly few statistically significant relationships among CORT, energy metabolism, behavior, and organ masses, and these relationships appeared to differ between males and females. These findings suggest that individual differences in baseline CORT levels are not an important determinant of voluntary activity levels or aerobic performance in California mice.
Transgenic Overexpression of Hdac3 in the Heart Produces Increased Postnatal Cardiac Myocyte Proliferation but Does Not Induce Hypertrophy*

Class I and II histone deacetylases (HDACs) play vital roles in regulating cardiac development, morphogenesis, and hypertrophic responses. Although the roles of Hdac1 and Hdac2, class I HDACs, in cardiac hyperplasia, growth, and hypertrophic responsiveness have been reported, the role in the heart of Hdac3, another class I HDAC, has been less well explored. Here we report that myocyte-specific overexpression of Hdac3 in mice results in cardiac abnormalities at birth. Hdac3 overexpression produces thickening of ventricular myocardium, especially the interventricular septum, and reduction of both ventricular cavities in newborn hearts. Our data suggest that increased thickness of myocardium in Hdac3-transgenic (Hdac3-Tg) mice is due to increased cardiomyocyte hyperplasia without hypertrophy. Hdac3 overexpression inhibits several cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including Cdkn1a, Cdkn1b, Cdkn1c, Cdkn2b, and Cdkn2c. Hdac3-Tg mice did not develop cardiac hypertrophy at 3 months of age, unlike previously reported Hdac2-Tg mice. Further, Hdac3 overexpression did not augment isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy when compared with wild-type littermates. These findings identify Hdac3 as a novel regulator of cardiac myocyte proliferation during cardiac development.
B cell function in mice transgenic for mCTLA4-H gamma 1: lack of germinal centers correlated with poor affinity maturation and class switching despite normal priming of CD4+ T cells

This report outlines the B cell phenotype of transgenic mice that overexpresses the mouse CTLA-4-human gamma 1 (mCTLA4-H gamma 1) protein. Despite the fact that these mice prime CD4+ T cells (Ronchese, F., B. Housemann, S. Hubele, and P. Lane. 1994. J. Exp. Med. 179:809), antibody responses to T-dependent antigens are severely impaired. In contrast, T-independent responses are normal which suggests mCTLA4-H gamma 1 does not act directly on B cells, but acts indirectly by impairing T cell help. The impaired antibody defect is associated with impaired class switching, with low total immunoglobulin (Ig)G and antigen-specific IgG responses, and an absence of germinal center formation in spleen and lymph nodes but not gut-associated tissues. The defective germinal center formation is associated with a reduction in the degree of somatic mutation in hybridomas made from transgenic mice in comparison with those made from normal mice. It seems likely that mCTLA4-H gamma 1 exerts its effect by blocking an interaction between T and B cells that induce T cell help for B cells.
An MCMC Approach to Lossy Compression of Continuous Sources

Motivated by the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) relaxation method of Jalali and Weissman, we propose a lossy compression algorithm for continuous amplitude sources that relies on a finite reproduction alphabet that grows with the input length. Our algorithm asymptotically achieves the optimum rate distortion (RD) function universally for stationary ergodic continuous amplitude sources. However, the large alphabet slows down the convergence to the RD function, and is thus an impediment in practice. We thus propose an MCMC-based algorithm that uses a (smaller) adaptive reproduction alphabet. In addition to computational advantages, the reduced alphabet accelerates convergenceto the RD function, and is thus more suitable in practice.
An Adaptive Impedance Control Scheme for Constrained Robots

This paper addresses the issue of position/force tracking for a constrained robot within the framework of impedance control. An adaptive controller is developed in which a varying desired impedance is adaptively tuned with the robot’s position tracking error. It guarantees the asymptotic convergence of the robot position tracking error and the boundedness of the constraint force tracking error. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the scheme.
Conflict Management in Groups that Work in Two Different Communication Contexts

The aim of this study is to test the differences in quality and frequency of conflict management behavior as a function of the interaction between task and communication medium, and practice time in continuing groups that work over two different media: computer mediated communication (CMC) and face to face communication (FTF). Conflict management behavior is studied through observed behavior and categorized by experts. Two conflict management behavior categories are differentiated: positive and negative conflict management behavior. A laboratory experiment was carried out comparing 12 groups of 4 members each, working over two communication media (6 groups FTF and 6 groups over CMC). Groups performed three types of tasks (idea-generation tasks, intellective tasks, and mixed-motive tasks) during weekly sessions over a 2-month period. Results obtained for the idea-generation task show that negative conflict management is significantly higher in CMC than in FTF. For the groups working on intellective tasks, positive conflict management is significantly higher in FTF than in CMC. Conversely, negative conflict management is significantly higher in CMC than in FTF. No significant differences appear in positive or in negative conflict management on the mixed-motive task. The effect of time on conflict management behaviors in both communication media, and for intellective tasks, does not follow the hypothesized direction. In fact, in CMC, positive conflict management decreases over time, and there are no significant differences in FTF. Implications of these results for future research and practice are discussed.
Efficient context-sensitive pointer analysis for C programs

This paper proposes an efficient technique for context-sensitive pointer analysis that is applicable to real C programs. For efficiency, we summarize the effects of procedures using partial transfer functions. A partial transfer function (PTF) describes the behavior of a procedure assuming that certain alias relationships hold when it is called. We can reuse a PTF in many calling contexts as long as the aliases among the inputs to the procedure are the same. Our empirical results demonstrate that this technique is successful—a single PTF per procedure is usually sufficient to obtain completely context-sensitive results. Because many C programs use features such as type casts and pointer arithmetic to circumvent the high-level type system, our algorithm is based on a low-level representation of memory locations that safely handles all the features of C. We have implemented our algorithm in the SUIF compiler system and we show that it runs efficiently for a set of C benchmarks.
Ultrasonographic extended‐view technique for evaluation of abdominal fat distribution in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective. To estimate whether, by using a new ultrasonographic technique (extended view; XTD view), young lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a more android fat distribution in comparison with normally menstruating women with ultrasonographic evidence of polycystic ovaries (PCO) and healthy control subjects, matched for both age and body mass index. Design. Prospective observational study. Setting. University Hospital. Sample. Forty‐nine lean women with PCOS, 42 eumenorrheic women with bilateral PCO and 40 healthy volunteers with regular ovulatory cycles. Methods. Fasting blood sampling, ultrasonographic and Doppler analyses and blood pressure monitoring. Main Outcome Measures. Medical examination, biochemical and hormonal parameters, ultrasonographic abdominal fat measurements, ultrasonographic evaluation of carotid intima‐media thickness and Doppler analysis of ophthalmic artery. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed to analyze glucose, insulin and C‐peptide levels. Results. The XTD ultrasonographic preperitoneal area was significantly larger in women with PCOS than in control subjects (p=0.011). The preperitoneal/subcutaneous ratio was significantly higher in women with PCOS (1.1±0.26) compared with women with PCO (0.84±0.13; p=0.05) and control women (0.67±0.13; p<0.001). The mean pulsatility index of ophthalmic arteries was higher in the PCOS women (1.93±0.57) than in control subjects (1.84±0.38; p=0.041). Total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol were significantly higher in women with PCOS than in those with PCO and in control subjects. Conclusions. Women with PCOS have an android fat pattern correlated with an age‐dependent increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Clustering in linear‐mixed models with a group fused lasso penalty

A method is proposed that aims at identifying clusters of individuals that show similar patterns when observed repeatedly. We consider linear‐mixed models that are widely used for the modeling of longitudinal data. In contrast to the classical assumption of a normal distribution for the random effects a finite mixture of normal distributions is assumed. Typically, the number of mixture components is unknown and has to be chosen, ideally by data driven tools. For this purpose, an EM algorithm‐based approach is considered that uses a penalized normal mixture as random effects distribution. The penalty term shrinks the pairwise distances of cluster centers based on the group lasso and the fused lasso method. The effect is that individuals with similar time trends are merged into the same cluster. The strength of regularization is determined by one penalization parameter. For finding the optimal penalization parameter a new model choice criterion is proposed.
Assessing Serious Harm Under the Doctrine of Doli Incapax: A Case Study

The doctrine of doli incapax has become controversial in recent decades, with attempts to remove it in some countries, and with varying upper and lower limits in age applied. One construction of doli incapax refers to the accruing maturity of the child to the point where mens rea is achieved. This article explores the tension between developmental and legalistic notions of how children come to understand what is “seriously wrong” and refers to a case study in which a developmentally delayed young person was charged with a sexual offence. The tension between chronological and mental age, the impact of mental age on moral reasoning, and how to assess retrospectively what a child might or might not apprehend as seriously wrong is discussed. The argument concludes with a call to consider legislative change to incorporate mental age when considering age thresholds for the presumption of doli incapax in Australia.
An English-Korean Transliteration Model Using Pronunciation and Contextual Rules

There is increasing concern about English-Korean (E-K) transliteration recently. In the previous works, direct converting methods from English alphabets to Korean alphabets were a main research topic. In this paper, we present an E-K transliteration model using pronunciation and contextual rules. Unlike the previous works, our method uses phonetic information such as phoneme and its context. We also use word formation information such as English words of Greek origin, With them, our method shows significant performance increase about 31% in word accuracy.
The Plasma Membrane-associated Protein RS1 Decreases Transcription of the Transporter SGLT1 in Confluent LLC-PK1 Cells*

Previously we cloned RS1, a 67-kDa polypeptide that is associated with the intracellular side of the plasma membrane. Upon co-expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, human RS1 decreased the concentration of the Na+-d-glucose co-transporter hSGLT1 in the plasma membrane (Valentin, M., Kühlkamp, T., Wagner, K., Krohne, G., Arndt, P., Baumgarten, K., Weber, W.-M., Segal, A., Veyhl, M., and Koepsell, H. (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1468, 367–380). Here, the porcine renal epithelial cell line LLC-PK1 was used to investigate whether porcine RS1 (pRS1) plays a role in transcriptional up-regulation of SGLT1 after confluence and in down-regulation of SGLT1 by high extracellular d-glucose concentrations. Western blots indicated a dramatic decrease of endogenous pRS1 protein at the plasma membrane after confluence but no significant effect ofd-glucose. In confluent LLC-PK1 cells overexpressing pRS1, SGLT1 mRNA, protein, and methyl-α-d-glucopyranoside uptakes were drastically decreased; however, the reduction of methyl-α-d-glucopyranoside uptake after cultivation with 25 mm d-glucose remained. In confluent pRS1 antisense cells, the expression of SGLT1 mRNA and protein was strongly increased, whereas the reduction of SGLT1 expression during cultivation with high d-glucose was not influenced. Nuclear run-on assays showed that the transcription of SGLT1 was 10-fold increased in the pRS1 antisense cells. The data suggest that RS1 participates in transcriptional up-regulation of SGLT1 after confluence but not in down-regulation by d-glucose.
Face Classification Based on Natural Features and Decision Tree

Existing face recognition methods suffer from efficiency problems and heavily rely on proper features extraction. In this paper, we propose an efficient face classification method which aims to reduce sensitivity to facial variations and occlusions, meanwhile complete tasks efficiently. In contrast with most energy minimizing based recognition methods, proposed algorithm is cast as a simple classification in our method. First, preprocess images for enhancing data images prior to computational processing and label parts of images as training data. Then we use Active Shape Model (ASM) to extract robust natural features. After that we categorize features and mark them with different labels. Finally, we learn a discriminative C4.5 decision tree for classification. Our method can efficiently classify face images and robust handle facial variations and occlusions. Extensive experiments are conducted on AR database in order to demonstrate the robustness of proposed method. Quantitative and qualitative results compared with several popular algorithms suggest effectiveness and efficiency of proposed method.