Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy control of second order vectorial systems: L2 stability

The L2 stability criterion is defined only when we have squared control systems. However, it is very common that Fuzzy Control Systems-FCS-(plants + fuzzy controllers) have MISO Fuzzy Controllers regulating SISO plants. This document proposes a way that can study the L2 stability in FCS when the Fuzzy Control is MISO and the plant is SISO or MIMO by means of the sliding control and passivity theory. Practically, there is no references about it and this paper tries to give an apportation in this sense. The class of plants to control belongs to the wide class of systems known as Second Order Vectorial Systems (SOVS) or Euler - Lagrange Systems (ELS). In this sense, both the non linear and the linear case are aboarded.
The subcellular distribution and properties of hexokinases in the guinea-pig cerebral cortex.

1. Hexokinase activities were estimated in primary subcellular fractions from guinea-pig cerebral cortex and in sucrose-density-gradient subfractions of the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. 2. Appreciable activities were observed in mitochondrial, microsomal and soluble fractions. The activity in the mitochondrial fraction was associated with the mitochondria rather than with myelin or nerve endings and that in the microsomal fraction was associated with membrane fragments. 3. Most of the mitochondrial activity was extracted in soluble form by osmotic ;shock'. The activity of the mitochondrial extract differed from the soluble activity in kinetic properties and in electrophoretic behaviour. 4. No evidence was obtained for the presence of a high-K(m) glucokinase in the brain. 5. The results are discussed in terms of relevance to considerations of glucose utilization by the brain.
Eddies, streams, and convergence zones in turbulent flows

Recent studies of turbulent shear flows have shown that many of their important kinematical and dynamical properties can be more clearly understood by describing the flows in terms of individual events or streamline patterns. These events or flow regions are studied because they are associated with relatively large contributions to certain average properties of the flow, for example kinetic energy, Reynolds stress, or to particular processes in the flow, such as mixing and chemical reactions, which may be concentrated at locations where streamlines converge for fast chemical reactions (referred to as convergence or C regions), or in recirculating eddying regions for slow chemical reactions. The aim of this project was to use the numerical simulations to develop suitable criteria for defining these eddying or vortical zones. The C and streaming (S) zones were defined in order to define the whole flow field. It is concluded that homogeneous and sheared turbulent flow fields are made up of characteristic flow zones: eddy, C, and S zones. A set of objective criteria were found which describe regions in which the streamlines circulate, converge or diverge, and form high streams of high velocity flow.
Tospoviruses: diagnosis, molecular biology, phylogeny, and vector relationships.

The disease known as "spotted wilt" was first described in Australia in 1 9 1 5 ( 16) and shown to have a viral etiology b y Samuel et al i n 1930 ( 14 1 ). Since that time, viruses similar or identical to the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) have been the cause of plant diseases epidemics in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions throughout the Northern hemisphere, Western Europe, and Asia (2, 7, 19 , 29, 30, 55, 56, 78, 80, 105 , 108, 1 5 1 , 1 53 , 170). Major economic losses are due in large part to an extremely wide host range involving more than 500 species of plants in more than 50 families that
Terpenoids and sterols from Lagerstroemia speciosa

The leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa afforded a new natural product, 31-norlargerenol acetate (4), along with known compounds 24-methylenecycloartanol acetate (1), its 31-nor analog (2), largerenol acetate (3), tinotufolins C (5) and D (6), lutein, phytol, sitosterol and sitosterol acetate. The structure of 4 was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy.
Subpopulations of GABAergic and non‐GABAergic rat dorsal horn neurons express Ca2+‐permeable AMPA receptors

Subpopulations of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionic acid (AMPA) receptors that are either permeable or impermeable to Ca2+ are expressed on dorsal horn neurons in culture. While both mediate synaptic transmission, the Ca2+ ‐permeable AMPA receptors provide a Ca2+ signal that may result in a transient change in synaptic strength [Gu, J.G. , Albuquerque, C. , Lee, C.J. & MacDermott, A.B. (1996) Nature, 381, 793]. To appreciate the relevance of these receptors to dorsal horn physiology, we have investigated whether they show selective expression in identified subpopulations of dorsal horn neurons. Expression of Ca2+‐permeable AMPA receptors was assayed using the kainate‐induced cobalt loading technique first developed by Pruss et al. [Pruss, R.M. , Akeson, R.L. , Racke, M.M. & Wilburn, J.L. (1991) Neuron, 7, 509]. Subpopulations of dorsal horn neurons were identified using immunocytochemistry for γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, substance P receptor (NK1 receptor) and the Ca2+‐binding proteins, calretinin and calbindin D28K. We demonstrate that, in dorsal horn neurons in culture, kainate‐induced cobalt uptake is selectively mediated by Ca2+‐permeable AMPA receptors, and that a majority of GABA and NK1 receptor‐expressing neurons express Ca2+‐permeable AMPA receptors. GABAergic dorsal horn neurons are important in local inhibition as well as in the regulation of transmitter release from primary afferent terminals. NK1 receptor‐expressing dorsal horn neurons include many of the projection neurons in the nociceptive spino‐thalamic pathway. Thus, we have identified two populations of dorsal horn neurons representing important components of dorsal horn function that express Ca2+‐permeable AMPA receptors. Furthermore, we show that several subpopulations of putative excitatory interneurons defined by calretinin and calbindin expression do not express Ca2+‐permeable AMPA receptors.
Average daily quantities: a tool for measuring prescribing volume in England

No perfect unit exists for measuring prescribing volume, because of the limitations of the prescription item and the Defined Daily Dose system. A specific English and easily understandable unit was thought desirable to allow discussions in the field with doctors about aspects of their prescribing. An expert group was therefore established to produce appropriate volume units (Average Daily Quantities, ADQs) for important drug groups, based on DDDs, average prescribed daily doses, and any available information on therapeutic equivalence. This system will be a useful tool for discussions with doctors concerning their prescribing. It is of some value for researchers performing drug utilization studies and studies on prescribing in England. The ADQ values will be reviewed regularly to ensure that changes in licensed doses, actual prescribing patterns, and DDDs are reflected, and that new drugs can be included. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Fast Solution Method for Stochastic Transmission Expansion Planning

Stochastic programming is a cost-effective approach to model the transmission expansion planning (TEP) considering the uncertainties of wind and load, which is known as stochastic TEP (STEP). The uncertainty can be accurately represented by a large number of scenarios, which need to be reduced to a relatively small number in order to shorten the computational time required by the STEP. The forward selection algorithm (FSA) is an accurate scenario reduction method which, however, is quite time consuming. An improved FSA (IFSA) is proposed in order to shorten the computational time. The STEP is a large-scale mixed-integer programming problem, and, therefore, is difficult to be solved directly. Benders decomposition algorithm is suitable to solve the STEP by decomposing it into master and multiple slave problems. The slave problems are nonlinear and thereby are difficult and time consuming to be solved. In this regard, a linearization method is proposed to solve the slave problems faster and to calculate the Lagrangian multipliers needed by the master problem. Two medium and a large datasets are used to demonstrate the efficiency of the IFSA and a 24-, a 300-, and a 2383-bus test systems are used to verify the efficiency of the linearization method.
Minimising the energy of the alanine dipeptide by simulated annealing

The paper presents an approach for deriving 3-D structures of polypeptide chains which have minimum energy. The well-known optimisation algorithms are usually applied on the model which contains hard constraints over coordinates of the atoms. The drawback of such strategies is an inefficient search for the optimal solution. The authors' approach proceeds in two steps: first, the standard model is transformed into an equivalent model without hard constraints, and second, the simulated annealing local search algorithm is performed. The empirical results demonstrate that simulated annealing on the proposed model outperforms traditional search algorithms especially with respect to running times.
Searching Clue of the Relationship between the Alteration of Bioactive Ingredients and the Herbal "Property" Transformation from Raw Rehmanniae Radix (Sheng-Di-Huang) to Steam-Heating-Processed Rehmanniae Radix (Shu-Di-Huang) by Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis

“Di-Huang” (Rehmanniae Radix) is a peculiar Chinese herbal drug, the fresh root named “Xian-Di-Huang” (“Xian” means fresh; the commerce is now rarely available), mild-baking-dried raw roots “Sheng-Di-Huang” (“Sheng” means raw) and steam-processed “Shu-Di-Huang” (“Shu” implies steam-processed). The both kinds of herbal drug exert different efficiencies with different property according to the traditional clinical theory. It would be of interest that searching the clue of why the therapeutic functions of the same drug differ between the pre- and post-processing. To disclose the comprehensive alteration of the iridoids, saccharides and phenylethanoids occurred between the raw and steam-processed “Di-Huang”, the HPTLC and HPLC chromatographic fingerprint analysis has been carried out. The results showed that in the raw crude drug, the iridoids like catalpol is the major bioactive components, and the oligosaccharides composition kept rather consistent; however, in the steam-processed Di-Huang, iridoids was almost disappeared and the oligosaccharides were hydrolyzed gradually through the repeated steam-heating process. The worst case showed only fructose was detected with other minor residual components in the root tuber. It is due to presumably the uncontrollable steaming process in folk workshops. Defining reasonably the boundary between the “Sheng-Di-Huang” (mild-baking-dried Rehmanniae radix) and “Shu-Di-Huang” (steaming processed Rehmanniae radix) set up by chromatographic fingerprint pattern and standardizing the process would be necessary for assuring the consistent quality of the commercial herbal drugs.
Crowdsourcing Emotions in Music Domain

An important source of intelligence for music emotion recognition today comes from user-provided community tags about songs or artists. Recent crowdsourcing approaches such as harvesting social tags, design of collaborative games and web services or the use of Mechanical Turk, are becoming popular in the literature. They provide a cheap, quick and efficient method, contrary to professional labeling of songs which is expensive and does not scale for creating large datasets. In this paper we discuss the viability of various crowdsourcing instruments providing examples from research works. We also share our own experience, illustrating the steps we followed using tags collected from Last.fm for the creation of two music mood datasets which are rendered public. While processing affect tags of Last.fm, we observed that they tend to be biased towards positive emotions; the resulting dataset thus contain more positive songs than negative ones.
Next-generation vision testing: the quick CSF

Abstract The Contrast Sensitivity Function relates the spatial frequency and contrast of a spatial pattern to its visibility and thus provides a fundamental description of visual function. However, the current clinical standard of care typically restricts assessment to visual acuity, i.e. the smallest stimulus size that can be resolved at full contrast; alternatively, tests of contrast sensitivity are typically restricted to assessment of the lowest visible contrast for a fixed letter size. This restriction to one-dimensional subspaces of a two-dimensional space was necessary when stimuli were printed on paper charts and simple scoring rules were applied manually. More recently, however, computerized testing and electronic screens have enabled more flexible stimulus displays and more complex test algorithms. For example, the quick CSF method uses a Bayesian adaptive procedure and an information maximization criterion to select only informative stimuli; testing times to precisely estimate the whole contrast sensitivity function are reduced to 2-5 minutes. Here, we describe the implementation of the quick CSF method in a medical device. We make several usability enhancements to make it suitable for use in clinical settings. A first usability study shows excellent results, with a mean System Usability Scale score of 86.5.
Sélection automatique de modèle dans les machines à vecteurs de support : application à la reconnaissance d'images de chiffres manuscrits

La problematique etudiee dans cette these est la selection de modele automatique des machines a vecteurs de support (SVM) pour la reconnaissance de chiffres manuscrits. Nous presentons une nouvelle methodologie de selection de modele automatique du SVM sur des donnees binaires et multiclasse. L'approche permet d'optimiser les parametres de noyaux et de reduire efficacement la complexite du classifieur en minimisant le nombre de vecteurs de support. Ceci s'accompagne d'une reduction drastique de l'erreur de generalisation. La methodologie proposee est basee sur un nouveau critere de selection de modele estimant la probabilite d'erreur du SVM. Ce critere est ensuite minimise en utilisant une procedure efficiente de descente de gradient. La probabilite d'erreur est une erreur empirique estimee sur des observations de validation representant le meme probleme de classification. Son calcul utilise les estimations des probabilites a posteriori de ces observations. Pour des fins de comparaison, nous considerons deux autres criteres de selection de modele que sont le GACV et le VC. Ce sont deux criteres analytiques approximant des bornes superieures de l'erreur. Pour le premier, nous proposons aussi un nouvel algorithme de minimisation. Les experiences effectuees sur un probleme de classification binaire montrent la superiorite du critere de l'erreur empirique et sa capacite a selectionner adequatement les hyper-parametres du SVM. Aussi, le critere garantit la solution de moindre complexite en produisant le plus faible nombre de vecteurs de support. Par ailleurs, sur des donnees multiclasses, nous proposons deux approches de selection automatique de modele dans la strategie un-contre-un. La premiere, dite «approche locale» permet d'optimiser l'ensemble de SVM individuellement en adaptant leurs hyper-parametres aux donnees du couple de classes considere. La deuxieme, dite «approche globale», permet d'optimiser simultanement l'ensemble de SVM en prenant en compte le comportement de chacun d'eux. Pour cette derniere, nous proposons de maximiser la vraisemblance des donnees de validation a travers l'ensemble de SVM en minimisant l'erreur quadratique entre les probabilites a posteriori des classes et les probabilites desirees des donnees. Les deux approches sont validees experimentalement sur des donnees reelles issues des bases d'images de chiffres manuscrits arabes USPS et indiens INDCENPARMI.
On the Evaluation of the Total-Cost-of-Ownership Trade-Offs in Edge vs Cloud Deployments: A Wireless-Denial-of-Service Case Study

We are witnessing an explosive growth in the number of Internet-connected devices and the emergence of several new classes of Internet of Things (IoT) applications that require rapid processing of an abundance of data. To overcome the resulting need for more network bandwidth and low network latency, a new paradigm has emerged that promotes the offering of Cloud services at the Edge, closer to users. However, the Edge is a highly constrained environment with limited power budget for servers per Edge installation which, in turn, limits the number of Internet-connected devices, such as sensors, that an installation can service. Consequently, the limited number of sensors leads to a reduction in the area coverage provided by them and puts in question the effectiveness for deploying IoT applications at the Edge. In this paper, we investigate the benefits of running an emerging security focused IoT application, (jamming detection), at the Edge vs. the Cloud by developing a Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) model, which considers the application's requirements as well as the Edge's constraints. For the first time, we build such a model based on realistic performance and energy-efficiency measurements obtained from commodity 64-bit ARM based micro-servers that are excellent candidates for supporting Cloud services at the Edge. Such servers represent the type of devices that can provide the right balance between power and performance, without requiring any complicate cooling and power supply infrastructure, which will not be available at the de-centralized deployments. Aiming at improving the energy efficiency, we exploit the pessimistic design margins adopted conventionally in such devices and investigate their operation under lower than nominal supply voltage and memory refresh-rate. Our results show that the jamming detection application deployed at an Edge environment is superior to a Cloud based solution by up to 2.13 times in terms of TCO. Moreover, when servers operate below nominal conditions, we can achieve up to 9 percent power savings which enables in several situations 100 percent gains in the TCO/area-coverage metric, i.e double area can be served with the same TCO.
The Impact of Information Disclosure on Consumer Behavior: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment of Calorie Labels on Restaurant Menus

The impact of information on consumer behavior is a classic topic in economics, and there has recently been particular interest in whether providing nutritional information leads consumers to choose healthier diets. For example, a nationwide requirement of calorie counts on the menus of chain restaurants took effect in the U.S. in May, 2018, and the results of such information disclosure are not well known. To estimate the impact of menu labeling, we conducted a randomized controlled field experiment in two full-service restaurants, in which the control group received the usual menus and the treatment group received the same menus but with calorie counts. We estimate that the labels resulted in a 3.0% reduction in calories ordered, with the reduction occurring in appetizers and entrees but not drinks or desserts. Exposure to the information also increases consumers’ support for requiring calorie labels by 9.6%. These results are informative about the impact of the new nationwide menu label requirement, and more generally contribute to the literature on the impact of information disclosure on consumer behavior.
Dream Narration in Healthy and At-Risk Pregnancy

During pregnancy and the transition toward motherhood, a special time for the restructuring of the female identity and representational world, dreaming may play an important function in the psychic life. If we accept that psychological and psychosocial risk factors influence representation during pregnancy, this article explores, from a psychodynamic perspective, how the presence/absence of biological risk is represented into women’s dream narration. Forty dreams of pregnant women (20 healthy pregnancies/20 at risk) were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. We performed a thematic analysis of multiple correspondences to see whether the dreams recounted by the women in the 2 different categories had any specific characteristics. Four thematic clusters resulted, which, after interpretation using factorial mapping, fall into 3 sense vectors: from the unrepresentable to the representable; from dependency to reciprocal relationships; from undifferentiated to different. The work we did enabled us to observe that in healthy pregnancies dreams have a mainly elaborative function, whereas when there are risk factors, it seems to be difficult to construct a psychic representational space.
Cephalometric measurements in snorers, non-snorers, and patients with sleep apnoea.

The paper from Dr F Maltais and colleagues (June 1991;46:419-23) raises several questions. Firstly, the authors report changes in posterior airway space (PAS), soft palate length (PNS-P), and mandibular plane to hyoid distance (MP-H) that are similar to those widely reported elsewhere. As they found that PNS-P and MP-H did not correlate with body mass index they have inferred that obesity is not an important cause of the cephalometric abnormalities observed. General body obesity is, however, likely to mediate its aetiological influence on obstructive sleep apnoea through deposition of fat somewhere in the neck,' 2 and (as the authors recognise) fat deposition in the neck has only a limited correlation with general obesity. Consequently, to establish that cephalometric abnormalities are independent of obesity as aetiological factors for obstructive sleep apnoea it is essential to consider some measure ofneck fat deposition. We too have found that body mass index is not correlated with PNS-P or MP-H; neck circumference, however, is, and after correction for this confounding variable neither PNS-P nor MP-H remains a significant predictor of the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea. ' Secondly, the authors suggest that MP-H is an "important determinant" of obstructive sleep apnoea without considering that hyoid descent occurs as a normal physiological response to pharyngeal crowding.3 Thus the increase in MP-H in obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring patients may be a normal response to reduced pharyngeal size secondary to local fat deposition without MPH itself being of any independent aetiological importance. Finally, this paper has not corrected for a methodological problem that affects the cephalometric measurement of pharyngeal dimensions. We have shown that during standard cephalometry head extension may vary by up to 27", a movement that alters PAS and MP-H and is capable of generating the changes reported by the authors. ' Such variation is possible because cephalometry fixes the skull but does not stop movement of the body under the fixed head. It is ofpractical importance because patients being investigated for sleep and breathing disorders spontaneously show a variation in head extension of 40', a variation that correlates with both neck circumference and the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea. ' Our studies have used a radiological technique that differs from that of the authors but produces results very similar to those reported here and by others. To finally resolve these issues, the authors may wish to examine the interrelationships between neck fat deposition and cephalometric indices assessed by their own method (with appropriate measures to control body position during imaging). In the absence of such data the results of this and previous studies should be interpreted with considerable caution. ROBERT J 0 DAVIES JOHN R STRADLING Osler Chest Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ