Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2. Problem Formulation 3. Bifurcation Analysis

one of the more applied (Hagedorn 1982, Markiewicz 1995). In many cases the connection that realizes the transfer of energy from the main system to the TMD is idealized as a linear spring and dashpot; however this simplification is in contrast with the fact that large relative displacement are expected, thus recent investigation are devoted to nonlinear TMD (Sauter and Hagedorn 2002, Lacarbonara and Vestroni 2002). Investigations on the effects of an added mass have permitted to evaluate the optimal mechanical characteristics of the linear device which maximize the critical value at which the dynamic instability phenomenon occurs (Rowbottom 1981, Fujino and Abé 1993). However, in order to investigate system performance when the flow velocity exceeds the critical value, an analysis of the post-critical behavior is needed. Investigations on the system postcritical behavior has been performed by means of both numerical, analytical and experimental methods (Fujino, et al. 1985, Abdel-Rohman 1994). A first study of the system postcritical behavior as a 2DOF system has been presented by the authors in Gattulli, et al. (2001), with the aim to describe the postcritical scenario in the complete parameter-space. In this study, the primary system (PS) and the added mass (TMD) are assumed to posses a SDOF and to be linear, with the only source of nonlinearities arising from the flow-structure interaction. Using a perturbation method, simple and double Hopf bifurcations, occurring at different values of the parameters, have been analyzed. The effectiveness of TMDs has been shown to persist even in the postcritical range, since TMDs generally reduce the amplitude of oscillations in the supercritical case. However, the analysis developed, was only partial, since it was assumed that (a) a pair of conjugate eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix is stable (simple Hopf) or (b) the two pairs are both critical but distinct (nonresonant double Hopf). In a second paper (Gattulli, et al. 2003) the same model has been considered and the postcritical behavior of the system analyzed for a Hopf bifurcation in the region of 1:1 resonance. The novel analysis leads to a second-order complex bifurcation equation in the amplitude of the unique critical mode. This has permitted to analyze the entire postcritical scenario in the bifurcation parameter space, evidencing the limits of validity of the concept of equivalent single DOF introduced in Fujino, et al. (1985), Abdel-Rohman (1994). An important conclusion of the past analysis is the following: if the control …
Stopping safely hierarchical distributed components: application to GCM

This paper proposes an algorithm for safely stopping a subsystem of a component assembly. More precisely, it safely stops a component and all its subcomponents in a distributed and hierarchical component model. Our components are distributed, autonomous, and communicate asynchronously. One of the great challenges addressed by this paper is to synchronise those components during a process which involves their deactivation. This algorithm has been prototyped and evaluated experimentally in a distributed component example. This paper also describes the main properties of our algorithm (both correctness and termination) and its requirements on the component system to be stopped.
Proton Pump Activity of Mitochondria-rich Cells

We have hypothesized that a major role of the apical H+-pump in mitochondria-rich (MR) cells of amphibian skin is to energize active uptake of Cl− via an apical Cl−/HCO3 −-exchanger. The activity of the H+ pump was studied by monitoring mucosal [H+]-profiles with a pH-sensitive microelectrode. With gluconate as mucosal anion, pH adjacent to the cornified cell layer was 0.98 ± 0.07 (mean ± SEM) pH-units below that of the lightly buffered bulk solution (pH = 7.40). The average distance at which the pH-gradient is dissipated was 382 ± 18 μm, corresponding to an estimated “unstirred layer” thickness of 329 ± 29 μm. Mucosal acidification was dependent on serosal pCO2, and abolished after depression of cellular energy metabolism, confirming that mucosal acidification results from active transport of H+. The [H+] was practically similar adjacent to all cells and independent of whether the microelectrode tip was positioned near an MR-cell or a principal cell. To evaluate [H+]-profiles created by a multitude of MR-cells, a mathematical model is proposed which assumes that the H+ distribution is governed by steady diffusion from a number of point sources defining a set of particular solutions to Laplace's equation. Model calculations predicted that with a physiological density of MR cells, the [H+] profile would be governed by so many sources that their individual contributions could not be experimentally resolved. The flux equation was integrated to provide a general mathematical expression for an external standing [H+]–gradient in the unstirred layer. This case was treated as free diffusion of protons and proton-loaded buffer molecules carrying away the protons extruded by the pump into the unstirred layer; the expression derived was used for estimating stationary proton-fluxes. The external [H+]-gradient depended on the mucosal anion such as to indicate that base (HCO3 −) is excreted in exchange not only for Cl −, but also for Br− and I−, indicating that the active fluxes of these anions can be attributed to mitochondria-rich cells.
A Parallel Quadtree Approach for Image Compression using Wavelets

Wavelet transforms are multiresolution decompositions that can be used to analyze signals and images. Image compression is one of major applications of wavelet transforms in image processing. It is considered as one of the most powerful methods that provides a high compression ratio. However, its implementation is very time-consuming. At the other hand, parallel computing technologies are an efficient method for image compression using wavelets. In this paper, we propose a parallel wavelet compression algorithm based on quadtrees. We implement the algorithm using MatlabMPI (a parallel, message passing version of Matlab), and compute its isoefficiency function, and show that it is scalable. Our experimental results confirm the efficiency of the algorithm also. Keywords—Image compression, MPI, Parallel computing, Wavelets.
HOS based online calibration

Antenna array calibration is an important task. In this paper, an online calibration method is proposed for antenna arrays where the antennas have unknown gain/phase mismatch and mutual coupling. The mutual coupling matrix is unstructured and the array is randomly deployed on a plane. Two reference sensors are assumed to be perfectly calibrated. The proposed technique uses higher order statistics (HOS) and the reference sensors to estimate the direction-of-arrivals (DOA) of multiple signals. The gain/phase mismatch and mutual coupling parameters are also estimated with a direct approach. Several simulations are done to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Quantitative cumulative biodistribution of antibodies in mice

The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) plays an important and well-known role in antibody recycling in endothelial and hematopoietic cells and thus it influences the systemic pharmacokinetics (PK) of immunoglobulin G (IgG). However, considerably less is known about FcRn’s role in the metabolism of IgG within individual tissues after intravenous administration. To elucidate the organ distribution and gain insight into the metabolism of humanized IgG1 antibodies with different binding affinities FcRn, comparative biodistribution studies in normal CD-1 mice were conducted. Here, we generated variants of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D-specific antibody (humanized anti-gD) with increased and decreased FcRn binding affinity by genetic engineering without affecting antigen specificity. These antibodies were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines, purified and paired radiolabeled with iodine-125 and indium-111. Equal amounts of I-125-labeled and In-111-labeled antibodies were mixed and intravenously administered into mice at 5 mg/kg. This approach allowed us to measure both the real-time IgG uptake (I-125) and cumulative uptake of IgG and catabolites (In-111) in individual tissues up to 1 week post-injection. The PK and distribution of the wild-type IgG and the variant with enhanced binding for FcRn were largely similar to each other, but vastly different for the rapidly cleared low-FcRn-binding variant. Uptake in individual tissues varied across time, FcRn binding affinity, and radiolabeling method. The liver and spleen emerged as the most concentrated sites of IgG catabolism in the absence of FcRn protection. These data provide an increased understanding of FcRn’s role in antibody PK and catabolism at the tissue level.
Outcome of Retinoblastoma Following Limited Sessions of Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy in Iran

Background: The management of retinoblastoma remains a challenge to the multidisciplinary team, particularly as treatment affects not only visual outcomes, but also ocular retention and morbidity. Management of retinoblastoma has evolved over the past two decades. Objectives: To report the result of intra-ophthalmic artery chemotherapy (IAC) for the treatment of refractory and advanced retinoblastoma tumors. Patients and Methods: All patients who had failed to respond adequately to previous treatments and six naive patients with advanced retinoblastoma, receiving IAC between 2009 and 2012, were included in this institutional interventional case series. The patients received 1-2 treatments of IAC given 4-8 weeks apart. Complete response was defined as regressed tumor and complete disappearance of seeding clinically and partial response was defined as partial regression of the tumor with live parts of the tumor and/or lessening of seeds, but not complete disappearance of them clinically. Results: A total of 24 eyes of 24 patients were treated with IAC during the study period. The mean age at the time of IAC was 38.9 months (14-120 months), and the mean follow-up was 16.8 months (3-36 months) after IAC. Tumor control was achieved in 14 eyes (58.3%). Type 3 (combined fleshy and calcified remnants) was the most common type of regression (37.5%). Complications included vitreous hemorrhage in nine eyes (37.5%), arterial occlusion in two (8.3%), cyclitic membrane possibly secondary to ischemia and tractional retinal detachment in one patient (4.2%), chorioretinal atrophy in three (12.5%) patients, and neovascular glaucoma in one eye (4.2%). In eight (33.3%) patients, no complication happened. Globe salvage was achieved in 62.5% of the cases. The success rate for naive patients was 84%. Sixty-seven percent of the cases received transpupillary thermotherapy and cryotherapy before IAC. Conclusions: Intra-ophthalmic artery melphalan is an effective treatment for advanced cases of retinoblastoma, with a reasonable level of success. In the short follow up period of this study, it appears that the primary cases showed better results in the control of tumor.
A multidimensial mixture model for unsupervised tail estimation

This paper proposes a new method to combine several densities such that each density dominates a separate part of a joint distribution. The method is fully unsupervised, i.e. the parameters in the densities and the thresholds are simultaneously estimated. The approach uses cdf functions in the mixing. This makes it easy to estimate parameters and the resulting density is smooth. Our method may be used both when the tails are heavier and lighter than the rest of the distribution, and it is illustrated in 1D and 3D. The presented model is compared with other published models and a very simple model using a univariate transformation.
Effects of repeated sprints training on fracture risk-associated miRNA

Repeated-sprint training (RS, short-duration sprints at supramaximal intensities interspersed with brief recoveries) is a time-saving metabolically effective strategy whose effects on bone are unknown. Bone metabolism is a finely regulated process profoundly affected by exercise as assayable by studying specific systemic (e.g., hormones, cytokines) and bone-derived molecules (e.g., bone markers, miRNAs). Aim of this study was to determine the effect of a 8-week repeated-sprint on circulating levels of fracture risk-associated miRNA. Blood was collected from 9 subjects performing RS 3 times/week (EXP) and 9 age-matched inactive controls (CTRL) before the start of the protocol (T0) and after 4 (T1) and 8 weeks (T2). The relative expression of miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR93-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-637 was assayed by real-time PCR by the 2−ΔΔCT method (housekeeping: miR-425-5p, miR-484). Serum concentrations of bone markers (DKK1, sclerostin, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, osteopontin), cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα), and metabolic hormones (leptin, insulin, PTH) were assayed by multiplex assay. miR-637 and miR-124-3p were undetectable. In CTRL miRNA levels remained unchanged. In EXP miR-21-5p remained unchanged. Compared to T0 miR-23a-3p and miR-24-3p were significantly decreased at T1 and T2, also compared to CTRL, miR-100 was significantly decreased at T2, miR-122-5p, miR-125-5p, and miR148a-3p were significantly decreased at T1, while miR-93-5p was significantly increased at T1. None of the metabolic hormones was affected by the intervention while, among the bone markers, DKK1, osteocalcin and sclerostin were slightly but significantly decreased. In conclusion, an 8-week repeated-sprint training downregulates the expression of circulating miRNA associated with fracture risk.
MEDINRIA : DT-MRI PROCESSING AND VISUALIZATION SOFTWARE

Major advances in medical imaging raised the need for adapted methods and softwares. The recent emergence of diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI) was challenging since data produced by this modality are not simple grey-value images but complex diffusion tensor fields. Tensors are symmetric, positive definite matrices and suffer from a lack of adapted theoretical tools to manipulate them. In this paper, we propose two solutions to tensor computing. First, we endow the tensor space with an affine-invariant Riemannian metric and show how some well-known numerical schemes for scalar- or vector-valued images can be adapted to tensors. Second, we present the Log-Euclidean (LE) metrics as a more judicious choice as they are less computationally-intensive than the previous one. We show how LE metrics are implemented into a software called MedINRIA, and more especially in a module named DTI Track dedicated to DT-MRI processing. In this tool targeting the clinicians, we offer the full pipeline for DTI analysis, including diffusion tensor estimation, anisotropic tensor smoothing, and fiber tracking. A complementary module called TensorViewer is presented as a nice way to visually inspect the quality of tensor fields produced by DTI Track. This set of softwares, freely available on-line, offers extra features for further DTI analysis, like volumetric image visualization and fiber bundling.
Improve Semi-Supervised Fuzzy C-means Clustering Based On Feature Weighting

Semi-supervised learning is somewhere between unsupervised and supervised learning. In fact, most semi-supervised learning strategies are based on extending either unsupervised or supervised learning to include additional information typical of the other learning paradigm. Constraint fuzzy c-means a novel semi-supervised fuzzy c-means algorithm proposed by Li et al (1). Constraint FCM like FCM ignores the characteristics of features. This affects the authenticity and accuracy of algorithm. This paper, proposes an improved Constraint FCM algorithm based on appropriate assigning weight to features. The experimental results on some UCI databases make it obvious that the proposed algorithm exhibits the better performance over Constraint FCM.
Creative Climate : A Leadership Lever for Innovation

The working atmosphere within an organization has an important influence on its level of innovative productivity. Organizational leaders influence innovative productivity as well as the climate for creativity and innovation. This exploratory study included 140 respondents from 103 different organizations, 31 industries, and 10 countries, all of whom completed an online survey focused on examining the intervening nature of the climate for creativity and innovation. First, those who perceived more leadership support for innovation had significantly better creative climate scores. Second, those who perceived higher levels of innovative productivity also had better climate scores. Finally, organizational climate as an intervening variable between leadership behavior and innovation was confirmed through partial correlation and mediation analysis. The findings of this study support the pivotal role that creative climate plays between leadership behavior and innovative productivity.
Correction to “Upscaling carbon fluxes over the Great Plains grasslands: Sinks and sources”

] The paper “Upscaling carbon fluxes over the GreatPlains grasslands: Sinks and sources” by L. Zhang et al.(JournalofGeophysicalResearch,116,G00J03,doi:10.1029/2010JG001504, 2011) contains an error. In paragraphs 1,20, and 32, the statement “the regional averaged NEP forthe entire Great Plains grasslands was estimated to be336 Tg C yr
A Non-Gaussian Airline Model for Seasonal Adjustment

The Airline model, introduced by Box and Jenkins in their seminal bookTime Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control , is routinely used to model economic time series. This model is parameterized by two factors, and gaussianity is usually assumed for the underlying noise component. Here, this model is generalised to include a non-Gaussian component to model outliers in the data. The model is examined using a state-space modelling approach, and importance sampling (see Durbin and Koopman). It utilises the decomposition method for ARIMA models developed by Hillmer and Tiao. This is necessary in order to preserve the airline structure whilst allowing a flexibility to include non-Gaussian noise terms for different components in the model. Different forms for the generalisation of the noise term are investigated. The models are interrogated through the use of a real series, the US Automobile Retail Series. The new models allow outliers to be accounted for, whilst keeping the underlying structures that are currently used to aid reporting of economic data.
Gold price prediction using radial basis function neural network

Gold is a precious metal once widely used as a standard for monetary exchange but was replaced by paper currency mostly used today. However interest in gold trading and investment has resurfaced recently in Malaysia probably due to its price stability. Samples of gold that are used as investment include the Kijang Emas, Public Dinar and the Public Gold which are currently available to the general public in Malaysia. This project will involve developing a system to aid a gold investor in deciding the best time in the future to buy or sell gold. The system developed is based on existing gold data time series and algorithms based on Artificial Neural Networks. The system should be able to give daily prediction to its users.
Stem Cells for Cutaneous Wound Healing

Optimum healing of a cutaneous wound involves a well-orchestrated cascade of biological and molecular processes involving cell migration, proliferation, extracellular matrix deposition, and remodelling. When the normal biological process fails for any reason, this healing process can stall resulting in chronic wounds. Wounds are a growing clinical burden on healthcare systems and with an aging population as well as increasing incidences of obesity and diabetes, this problem is set to increase. Cell therapies may be the solution. A range of cell based approaches have begun to cross the rift from bench to bedside and the supporting data suggests that the appropriate administration of stem cells can accelerate wound healing. This review examines the main cell types explored for cutaneous wound healing with a focus on clinical use. The literature overwhelmingly suggests that cell therapies can help to heal cutaneous wounds when used appropriately but we are at risk of clinical use outpacing the evidence. There is a need, now more than ever, for standardised methods of cell characterisation and delivery, as well as randomised clinical trials.
DEVELOPMENT OF (Na+‐K+)‐ATPase IN RAT HINDBRAIN: INCREMENTS IN PARALLEL WITH Na+‐DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION AND K+‐pNITROPHENYLPHOSPHATASE 1

Rat hindbrain NaI‐enriched microsomal (Na+‐K+)‐ATPase activity, K+‐pNPPase activity, and Na+‐dependent steady‐state phosphorylation levels all increase approx 10‐fold relative to microsomal protein between 5 days prenatally and 60 days postnatally. These activities, as well as the mean wet weight of the hindbrain, are at half of their 60 day values shortly after the 10th postnatal day. For all ages, these hindbrain activities average over twice those found in the forebrain in a companion paper (Bertoni & Siegel, 1978). Increases during development in the amount of the related phosphorylatable polypeptide, estimated by densitometry of stained polyacrylamide gels containing fixed amounts of microsomal protein dissolved in SDS, are in agreement with increases in steady state levels of Na+‐dependent phosphorylation. The fraction of total phosphorylation that is Na+‐dependent rises steadily during development consistent with, but not obligatorily due to, a conversion of some of the previously Na+‐independent portion. Mg2+‐ATPase and Mg2+ ‐pNPPase activities and steady‐state Na+,‐independent phosphorylation levels do not increase in parallel during development. These observations add further support to the proposed partial reaction scheme for (Na+‐ K+)‐ATPase. The major increments in (Na +‐K+)‐ATPase occur simultaneously with the deposition of specialized plasma membranes, particularly in the molecular layer of the cerebellum, as described in previous studies of rat hind brain.
OptLets: a generic framework for solving arbitrary optimization problems

Meta-heuristics are an effective paradigm for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems. However, the development of such algorithms is often very time-consuming as they have to be designed for a concrete problem class with little or no opportunity for reuse. In this paper, we present a generic software framework that is able to handle different types of combinatorial optimization problems by coordinating so-called OptLets that work on a set of solutions to a problem. The framework provides a high degree of self-organization and offers a generic and concise interface to reduce the adaptation effort for new problems as well as to integrate with external systems. The performance of the OptLets framework is demonstrated by solving the well-known Traveling Salesman Problem.
Implications of Thresholds in Discrete Choice Modelling

Abstract Individual choices are affected by complex factors and the challenge consists of how to incorporate these factors in order to improve the realism of the modelling work. The presence of limits, cut‐offs or thresholds in the perception and appraisal of both attributes and alternatives is part of the complexity inherent to choice‐making behaviour. The paper considers the existence of thresholds in three contexts: inertia (habit or reluctance to change), minimum perceptible changes in attribute values, and as a mechanism for accepting or rejecting alternatives. It discusses the more relevant approaches in modelling these types of thresholds and analyses their implications in model estimation and forecasting using both synthetic and real databanks. It is clear from the analysis that if thresholds exist but are not considered, the estimated models will be biased and may produce significant errors in prediction. Fortunately, there are practical methods to attack this problem and some are demonstrated.