Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concept Maps/Graphs/Trees/Vines In Education

In this paper we provide a history and use of concept maps and discuss the use of such maps in education, referring to the various stages of the instructional process. We also define concept graphs and trees, which provide educational researchers access to the rich tools and methods of graph theory. For concept graphs and trees various optimality criterion have been introduced and an algorithm for constructing such graphs/trees has been provided. Updating concept graphs by using the Bayesian approach has been discussed and an example for a introductory statistics course is given. Later in the paper concept trees are extended to concept vines. An algorithm for the concept vines is also provided. Instructional technology tools that make use of concept maps/ graphs/trees/vines are needed to make them accessible in education.
Discovery of Novel Catalysts for Alkene Epoxidation from Metal-Binding Combinatorial Libraries.

New lead structures for olefin oxidation catalysts have been obtained from a combinatorial library of 5760 metal-ligand complexes (see the microscopy picture). Iron complexes led to clean epoxide product formation using H2 O2 as the terminal oxidant. Parallel libraries were used to determine ligand features important for high catalytic activity and to identify enantioselective catalyst structures (see the Equation).
Geometric properties of the loadability surface at SNB-SLL intersections and Tangential Intersection points

Power system voltage security assessment is generally applied by considering the power system loadability surface. For a large power system, the loadability surface is a complicated hyper-surface in parameter space, and local approximations are a necessity for any analysis. Unfortunately, inequality constraints due to for example generator overexitation limiters, and higher codimension bifurcations, makes the loadability surface non-smooth. In this paper we intend to deeper investigate under which conditions the power system loadability boundary will have no visible corner at an intersection of a saddle-node bifurcation part and a switching loadability limit part of the boundary. We propose that such points are called Tangential Intersection Points.
Apoptosisof B Cells from CD95/Fas-Mediated Cutting Edge: A Novel Mechanism for Rescue

CD95-induced apoptosis contributes to the maintenance of ho-meostasis in both B and T lymphocyte-mediated immunity. B cells increase CD95 expression in response to activation signals and become susceptible to CD95-induced apoptosis. Protection from CD95-mediated death signals can be induced in mature B cells by signals delivered through the B cell Ag receptor. In this paper we demonstrate for the ﬁrst time that rescue from apoptosis can occur independently of de novo protein synthesis. This rescue from apoptosis prevents activation of caspase 8, the apical caspase in the CD95 death pathway, and CD95-FADD (Fas-associated death domain containing protein) association does not occur normally. Thus B cell activation signals can biochemically modify proximal elements of the CD95 death pathway and regulate the sensitivity of cells to apoptosis induction at an early stage in programmed cell death. The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 163: 2378–2381. tolerized cellreceptor(BCR) by “bystander” interactions T in an Ag nonspeciﬁc of caspase 8 and caspase 3, the initiating and effector proteases respectively. Surprisingly, rescue blocked association of CD95 and FADD. These results show that early biochemical events following BCR ligation interact with proximal signaling components of the CD95 death cascade.
Modified FDK Algorithm for Cone-Beam Reconstruction with Efficient Weighting Scheme

The FDK algorithm to reconstruct cone-beam (CB) data suffers from the density drop with increasing cone angle under a circular trajectory. To overcome the drawback, a rotation-angle-dependent weighting scheme is presented to modify the FDK algorithm. By the analysis of rotation angle increment of the tilted fan plane, CB reconstruction is subdivided into a set of filtered backprojections, each of which is implemented on the corresponding family of planes (FOPS) with the same tilted angle relative to the midplane. Based on such decomposition, there are two important details neglected by the FDK algorithm. The first is that rotation angle in the FOPS isn't equal to the angle in the midplane at the same projection view. The second is that limited-angle projections are acquired on the FOPS. Hence, a rotation-angle-dependent weighting scheme is increasingly developed to obtain three modified FDK algorithms in combination with Parker's window function and the characteristic of the short-scan CB reconstruction. Simulated experiments show that they can all compensate for the density drop inherent to the FDK algorithm on the different level
Estimation on the numbers of Chinese homosexuality and people with same-sex sexual behaviors and related female group

Objectives: In the new social demography and medical background,to estimate the numbers of Chinese homosexuality and people with same- sex sexual behaviors and related female groups to provide scientific basis for the related research in China. Methods: According to the population provided by 2013 China Statistical Yearbook and the related data offered by professor Pan's " Multilayer equal probability sexology sampling survey about China adult population" in 2010,data sample calculation was performed. Results: The total number of Chinese male homosexuality( including bisexuality) may significantly exceed 21 million. The number of sexually active MSM was about 9. 224 million; the number of female homosexuality in China was up to 12 million. The number of sexually active WSW was about 8. 167 million; there were approximately 13. 6 million female whose spouses were male homosexuality. There were nearly 10 million female whose spouses were MSM. Conclusion: There are huge numbers of homosexuality and people with same- sex sexual behavior and related groups of women in China. Their physical and psychological health need to be paid particular attention by medical community and other related community. In the next ten years,the number of " visible" homosexuality and people with same- sex sexual behavior will increase. While the number of female whose fixed sex- partners are male homosexuality and MSM will continue to decline.
Microassembly using a cluster of paramagnetic microparticles

We use a cluster of paramagnetic microparticles to carry out a wireless two-dimensional microassembly operation. A magnetic-based manipulation system is used to control the motion of the cluster under the influence of the applied magnetic fields. Wireless motion control of the cluster is implemented at an average velocity and maximum position tracking error of 144 μm/s and 50 μm, respectively. This control is used to achieve point-to-point positioning of the cluster, manipulation of microobjects, and assembly of microobjects into a microstructure. The control system achieves stable positioning of the cluster, while simultaneously compensating for the planar drag forces on the cluster and the microobject. The presented magnetic-based microassembly technique allows for the selective pushing and pulling of microobjects with specific geometries towards their destinations inside a microstructure in an execution time of 18 s, within a workspace of 1.8 mm × 2.4 mm.
Cost recovery in a rolling horizon unit commitment with energy storage

Electricity market designs have to cope with a growing share of renewable energy sources. Payments to the generators have to ensure not only revenue adequacy but also incentivize the provision of an optimal amount of flexibility. This paper investigates the effects on global welfare of the introduction of (a) inexpensive storage and (b) a rolling horizon market design that supports the use of updated information. Such an environment could adversely affect some generators which could suffer significant losses due to additional commitment costs and may therefore decide to retire some generating units. This paper makes two contributions: First, it assesses the impact on welfare of uncertainty, a rolling horizon unit commitment, and the inclusion of storage. Second, it proposes a pricing mechanism that guarantees the profitability of all scheduled generators while maximizing the consumers' surplus and compares this mechanism with existing cost-recovery methods. Simulation results show that the proposed market design does not affect all the generators in the same manner but outperforms other methods in terms of efficiency. They also show that a shorter commitment horizon reduces the profitability of storage.
Multipath routing protocol combined with least hop backup path and packet salvaging for MANETs

We propose a multipath routing protocol for Mobile Ad hoc NETworks(MANETs), which combines Split MultiPath-Dynamic Source Routing(SMP-DSR) and Shortest Multipath Source routing(SMS) and changes those backup paths selection criteria. Our proposed scheme improves the transmission success rate and the energy consumption by considering two features. One of the feature is to construct the least hop backup paths without the failed link away. The other feature is to reduce the packet drop by using the packet salvaging method. By providing the alternate paths to the intermediate nodes of the primary path, the proposed scheme ensures to salvage the packets that might be lost at the intermediate nodes. Therefore, hop counts of backup paths and data packet loss are reduced. It is shown by simulations that our scheme improves the transmission success rate and the energy consumption efficiency in MANETs.
Down Syndrome Related Muscle Hypotonia: Association with COL6A3 Functional SNP rs2270669

Down syndrome (DS), the principal cause for intellectual disability, is also associated with hormonal, immunological, and gastrointestinal abnormalities. Muscle hypotonia (MH) and congenital heart diseases (CHD) are also frequently observed. Collagen molecules are essential components for maintaining muscle integrity and are formed by the assembly of three chains, alpha 1–3. The type VI collagen is crucial for cardiac as well as skeletal muscles. The COL α1 (VI) and α2 (VI) chains are encoded by genes located at the 21st chromosome and are expected to have higher dosage in individuals with DS. The α 3 (VI) chain is encoded by the COL6A3 located at the chromosome 2. We hypothesized that apart from COL6A1 and COL6A2, COL6A3 may also have some role in the MH of subjects with DS. To find out the relevance of COL6A3 in DS associated MH and CHD, we genotyped two SNPs in COL6A3, rs2270669 and rs2270668, in individuals with DS. Subjects with DS were recruited based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-IV and having trisomy of the 21st chromosome. Parents of individuals with DS and ethnically matched controls were enrolled for comparison. Informed written consent was obtained for participation. Peripheral blood was used for isolation of genomic DNA. Target genetic loci were studied by DNA sequence analysis. Data obtained was subjected to population – as well as family-based statistical analysis. rs2270668 was found to be non-polymorphic in the studied population. rs2270669 showed significant association of the “C” allele and “CC” genotype with DS probands having MH (P = 0.02). Computational analysis showed that rs2270669 may induce structural and functional alterations in the COL α3 (VI). Interaction of COLα3 (VI) with different proteins, crucial for muscle integrity, was also noticed by computational methods. This pioneering study on COL6A3 with DS related MH thus indicates that rs2270669 “C” could be considered as a risk factor for DS related MH.
The large-scale atomic and molecular gas in the Circinus galaxy

We have used the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Swedish-ESO Submillimetre Telescope (SEST) to map the large-scale atomic and molecular gas in the nearby (4 Mpc) Circinus galaxy. The ATCA HI mosaic of Circinus exhibits the warps in position angle and inclination revealed in the single-pointing image of Jones et al., both of which appear to settle beyond the inner 30 kpc which was previously imaged. The molecular gas has been mapped in both the CO J = 1 → 0 and J = 2 → 1 transitions down to a column density of N H2 ≥10 21 cm -2 (3σ), where we derive a total molecular gas mass of M H2 ≈ 2 x 10 9 M ⊙ . Within a radius of 3 kpc, i.e. where CO was clearly detected, the molecular fraction climbs steeply from ≈0.7 to unity (where N H2 = 4 x 10 22 cm -2 , cf. N H1 = 10 21 cm -2 ) with proximity to the nucleus. Our Hi mosaic gives an atomic gas mass of M HI ≈ 6 x 10 9 M ⊙ , which is 70 per cent of the fully mapped single dish value. Combining the atomic and molecular gas masses gives a total gas mass of M gas ≡ M HI + M H2 ≈ 1 x 10 10 M ⊙ , cf. the total dynamical mass of ≈ 3 x 10 11 M ⊙ within the inner 50 kpc of our mosaiced image. The total neutral gas mass to dynamical mass ratio is therefore 3 per cent, consistent with the SAS3 (Third Small Astronomy Satellite) classification of Circinus. The high (molecular) gas mass fraction of M H2 /M dyn ≈ 50 per cent found by Curran et al., only occurs close to the central ≈0.5 kpc and falls to ≤10 per cent within and outwith this region, allaying previous concerns regarding the validity of applying the Galactic N H2 /Ι CΟ conversion ratio to Circinus. The rotation curve, as traced by both the H i and CO, exhibits a steep dip at ≈ 1 kpc, the edge of the atomic/molecular ring, within which the starburst is occurring. We find the atomic and molecular gases to trace different kinematical features and believe that the fastest part (≥130km s -1 ) of the subkpc ring consists overwhelmingly of molecular gas. Beyond the inner kpc, the velocity climbs to settle into a solid body rotation of ≈150 km s-1 at ≥10kpc. Most of the starlight emanates from within this radius and so much of the dynamical mass, which remains climbing to the limit of our data (≥50 kpc), must be due to the dark matter halo.
Group 11 Metal Compounds with Tripodal Bis(imidazole) Thioether Ligands. Applications as Catalysts in the Oxidation of Alkenes and as Antimicrobial Agents

New group 11 metal complexes have been prepared using the previously described tripodal bis(imidazole) thioether ligand (N-methyl-4,5-diphenyl-2-imidazolyl)2C(OMe)C(CH3)2S(tert-Bu) ({BITOMe,StBu}, 2). The pincer ligand offers a N2S donor atom set that can be used to coordinate the group 11 metals in different oxidation states [AuI, AuIII, AgI, CuI and CuII]. Thus the new compounds [Au{BITOMe,StBu}Cl][AuCl4]2 (3), [Au{BITOMe,StBu}Cl] (4), [Ag{BITOMe,StBu}X] (X = OSO2CF3- 5, PF6- 6) and [Cu{BITOMe,StBu}Cl2] (7) have been synthesized from reaction of 2 with the appropriate metal precursors, and characterized in solution. While attempting characterization in the solid state of 3, single crystals of the neutral dinuclear mixed AuIII-AuI species [Au2{BITOMe,S}Cl3] (8) were obtained and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The structure shows a AuIII center coordinated to the pincer ligand through one N and the S atom. The soft AuI center coordinates to the ligand through the same S atom that has lost the tert-butyl group, thus becoming a thiolate ligand. The short distance between the AuI-AuIII atoms (3.383 Å) may indicate a weak metal-metal interaction. Complexes 2-7 and the previously described CuI compound [Cu{BITOMe,StBu}]PF6 (9) have been evaluated in the oxidation of biphenyl ethylene with tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) as the oxidant. Results have shown that the AuI and AgI complexes 4 and 6 (at 10 mol % loading) are the more active catalysts in this oxidative cleavage. The antimicrobial activity of compounds 2-5, 7 and 9 against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeast has also been evaluated. The new gold and silver compounds display moderate to high antibacterial activity, while the copper derivatives are mostly inactive. The gold and silver complexes were also potent against fungi. Their cytotoxic properties have been analyzed in vitro utilizing HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. The compounds displayed a very low cytotoxicity on this cell line (5 to 10 times lower than cisplatin) and on normal primary cells derived from C57B6 mouse muscle explants, which may make them promising candidates as potential antimicrobial agents and safer catalysts due to low toxicity in human and other mammalian tissues.
ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF RACa-LIPOIC ACID MODULATES INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS : A PLACEBO-CONTROLLED PILOT TRIAL

a-lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occuring compound and a radical scavenger was shown to enhance glucose transport and utilization in different experimental and animal models. Clinical studies described an increase of insulin sensitivity after acute and short-term (10 d) parenteral administration of ALA. The effects of a 4-week oral treatment with a-lipoic acid were evaluated in a placebo-controlled, multicenter pilot study to determine see whether oral treatment also improves insulin sensitivity. Seventy-four patients with type-2 diabetes were randomized to either placebo ( n 5 19); or active treatment in various doses of 600 mg once daily ( n 5 19), twice daily (1200 mg; n 5 18), or thrice daily (1800 mg; n 5 18) a-lipoic acid. An isoglycemic glucose-clamp was done on days 0 (pre) and 29 (post). In this explorative study, analysis was done according to the number of subjects showing an improvement of insulin sensitivity after treatment. Furthermore, the effects of active vs. placebo treatment on insulin sensitivity was compared. All four groups were comparable and had a similar degree of hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity at baseline. When compared to placebo, significantly more subjects had an increase in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (MCR) after ALA treatment in each group. As there was no dose effect seen in the three different a-lipoic acid groups, all subjects receiving ALA were combined in the “active” group and then compared to placebo. This revealed significantly different changes in MCR after treatment ( 127% vs. placebo; p , .01). This placebo-controlled explorative study confirms previous observations of an increase of insulin sensitivity in type-2 diabetes after acute and chronic intravenous administration of ALA. The results suggest that oral administration of a-lipoic acid can improve insulin sensitivity in patients with type-2 diabetes. The encouraging findings of this pilot trial need to be substantiated by further investigations. © 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. Keywords—Insulin resistance, Insulin-stimulated glucose update, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a-Lipoic acid, Glucose clamp, Radical scavenger, Free radicals
A High Performance System for Viewing , Querying , and Retrieval of Geospatial Data Distributed Across a Beowulf Cluster

The size of many geospatial databases has grown exponentially in recent years. This increase in size brings with it an increased requirement for additional CPU and I/O resources to handle the querying and retrieval of this data. A number of proprietary systems could be ideally suited for such tasks, but are impractical in many situations because of their high cost. On the other hand, Beowulf clusters have gained popularity for providing such resources in a costeffective manner. In this paper, we present a system that uses the compute nodes of a Beowulf cluster to store fragments of a large geospatial database and allows for the seamless viewing, querying, and retrieval of desired geospatial data in a parallel fashion i.e. utilizing the compute and I/O resources of multiple nodes in the cluster. Experimental results are provided to quantify the performance of the system and ascertain its feasibility versus traditional GIS architectures.
Exploring cheap type inference heuristics in dynamically typed languages

Although dynamically typed languages allow developers to be more productive in writing source code, their lack of in- formation about types of variables is one of the main obstacles during program comprehension. Static type information helps developers to decrease software maintenance time. Inference of types of variables requires complex algorithms to avoid false positives or negatives. Their main aim is to shorten the list of possible types for a variable. We have developed a couple of cheap heuristics that use easily accessible information about the presence of each class in the available source code to promote the correct type towards the top of the list of possible types for a variable. Our evaluation of a proof-of-concept prototype, implemented in Pharo Smalltalk, shows that both for domain- specific types and standard libraries these heuristics tend to work well. The evaluated heuristics prove to be reasonably precise, promoting the correct types of a variable towards the top of the list in 50.67% up to 89.09% of cases on average, depending on the applied heuristic. The heuristic that has proved to be the best was compared with one existing type inference algorithm and the best heuristic yields significantly better results with less effort.
Determining the tropopause height from gridded data

A method is presented to determine tropopause height from gridded temperature data with coarse vertical resolution. The algorithm uses a thermal definition of the tropopause, which is based on the concept of a “threshold lapse‐rate”. Interpolation is performed to identify the pressure at which this threshold is reached and maintained for a prescribed vertical distance. The method is verified by comparing the heights calculated from analyses of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) with the observed heights at individual radiosonde stations. RMS errors in the calculated tropopause heights are generally small. They range from 30–40 hPa in the extratropics to 10–20 hPa in the tropics. The largest deviations occur in the subtropics, where the tropopause has strong meridional gradients that are not adequately resolved by the input data.
An Empirical Analysis of Returns to Education Based on Simultaneous-equation Model - Discussing about Family Influences on Children in China

An empirical analysis is employed to study endogeneity bias on estimations of return to education in China by the database of “Synthesis Investigation of Living Status for Residents in Urban and Rural Regions (2005)” in CGSS, the followed results are approved: there exists a remarkable endogeneity bias on estimation of return to education in China, the same questions also have been discovered in estimating of turns to education for urban or rural residents, and modified estimations of return to education are given by simultaneous-equation model. It is also found that parents’ educational attainment have significant and positive influence on children’s educational attainment, while the father have much stronger influence on children than does mother in rural, by analyzing educational attainment explanatory equation.
Dissipation of momentum during flow in soils

Abstract The basic principles are derived of steady momentum dissipation during laminar boundary-layer flow in macroporous soils. The principles lead to a flux law and to geometrical measures of the flow paths. The theory of kinematic waves evolves, and the shock fronts are routed with the method of characteristics. The approach is applied to TDR soil moisture readings at depths 0.15, 0.35 and 0.55 m in a soil under meadow during an infiltration experiment (rate and duration of sprinkling were 2.78 x 10−5 m s−1 and 4500 s, respectively). Momentum dissipation during flow within the soil profile is independent of momentum added to the soil surface by sprinkling. Specific momentum dissipation per unit depth in the soil profile was about 0.02 kg m−2 s−1, with a tendency to increase with depth.