Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mammalian Proteasome Subpopulations with Distinct Molecular Compositions and Proteolytic Activities*

The proteasome-dependent protein degradation participates in multiple essential cellular processes. Modulation of proteasomal activities may alter cardiac function and disease phenotypes. However, cardiovascular studies reported thus far have yielded conflicting results. We hypothesized that a contributing factor to the contradicting literature may be caused by existing proteasome heterogeneity in the myocardium. In this investigation, we provide the very first direct demonstration of distinct proteasome subpopulations in murine hearts. The cardiac proteasome subpopulations differ in their molecular compositions and proteolytic activities. Furthermore they were distinguished from proteasome subpopulations identified in murine livers. The study was facilitated by the development of novel protocols for in-solution isoelectric focusing of multiprotein complexes in a laminar flow that support an average resolution of 0.04 pH units. Utilizing these protocols, the majority of cardiac proteasome complexes displayed an isoelectric point of 5.26 with additional subpopulations focusing in the range from pH 5.10 to 5.33. In contrast, the majority of hepatic 20 S proteasomes had a pI of 5.05 and focused from pH 5.01 to 5.29. Importantly proteasome subpopulations degraded specific model peptides with different turnover rates. Among cardiac subpopulations, proteasomes with an approximate pI of 5.21 showed 40% higher trypsin-like activity than those with pI 5.28. Distinct proteasome assembly may be a contributing factor to variations in proteolytic activities because proteasomes with pI 5.21 contained 58% less of the inducible subunit β2i compared with those with pI 5.28. In addition, dephosphorylation of 20 S proteasomes demonstrated that besides molecular composition posttranslational modifications largely contribute to their pI values. These data suggest the possibility of mixed 20 S proteasome assembly, a departure from the currently hypothesized two subpopulations: constitutive and immuno forms. The identification of multiple distinct proteasome subpopulations in heart provides key mechanistic insights for achieving selective and targeted regulation of this essential protein degradation machinery. Thus, proteasome subpopulations may serve as novel therapeutic targets in the myocardium.
Rice CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE-RESPONSE2 is involved in the ethylene-receptor signalling and regulation of various aspects of rice growth and development

In Arabidopsis, the ethylene-receptor signal output occurs at the endoplasmic reticulum and is mediated by the Raf-like protein CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 (CTR1) but is prevented by overexpression of the CTR1 N terminus. A phylogenic analysis suggested that rice OsCTR2 is closely related to CTR1, and ectopic expression of CTR1p:OsCTR2 complemented Arabidopsis ctr1-1. Arabidopsis ethylene receptors ETHYLENE RESPONSE1 and ETHYLENE RESPONSE SENSOR1 physically interacted with OsCTR2 on yeast two-hybrid assay, and green fluorescence protein-tagged OsCTR2 was localized at the endoplasmic reticulum. The osctr2 loss-of-function mutation and expression of the 35S:OsCTR2 1–513 transgene that encodes the OsCTR2 N terminus (residues 1–513) revealed several and many aspects, respectively, of ethylene-induced growth alteration in rice. Because the osctr2 allele did not produce all aspects of ethylene-induced growth alteration, the ethylene-receptor signal output might be mediated in part by OsCTR2 and by other components in rice. Yield-related agronomic traits, including flowering time and effective tiller number, were altered in osctr2 and 35S:OsCTR2 1–513 transgenic lines. Applying prolonged ethylene treatment to evaluate ethylene effects on rice without compromising rice growth is technically challenging. Our understanding of roles of ethylene in various aspects of growth and development in japonica rice varieties could be advanced with the use of the osctr2 and 35S:OsCTR2 1–513 transgenic lines.
Performance of an Implanted Electrically Coupled Loop Antenna inside Human Body

Implanted antennas are widely used in hyperthermia and biomedical applications. The antenna needs to be extremely small while maintaining a permissible Speciflc Absorption Rate (SAR) and being able to cope with the detuning efiects due to the dielectric properties of human body tissues. Most of the proposed antennas for implanted applications are electric fleld antennas such as Planner Inverted-F Antennas (PIFA) and micro-strip patch antennas. By minimizing the size of an electric fleld antenna, the near zone electric fleld will increase, resulting in higher SAR. This work is devoted to design a miniaturized magnetic fleld antenna to overcome the above limitations. The proposed electrically coupled loop antenna (ECLA) has high magnetic fleld and low electric fleld in the near zone and therefore, has a small SAR and is less sensitive to detuning efiects. ECLA is designed at the Medical Implanted Communication Service (MICS) band with dimensions of (5£5£3mm 3 ). ECLA has been simulated inside one-layer human body model, three-layer spherical human head model, human head and human body. From the simulation results, ECLA inside the human body has a 5MHz{3dB bandwidth, i14dB gain, and radiation e-ciency of 0.525%. The 1g average SAR inside the human body for 10mW input power is about 1W/kg which is 7times lower than the SAR for a patch antenna of the same size with the same accepted power.
Adaptive context recognition based on audio signal

Auditory data provide many contextual cues about the crucial content of environments around. The goal of audio based context recognition is to equip the sensing devices with classification algorithms that can automatically classify the environments into pre-defined classes according to the extracted auditory features. In this paper, we first extract various features from the audio signals. We then perform a feature analysis to identify a feature ensemble to optimally classify different contexts. To achieve an efficient and timely online classification, a coarse-to-fine training scheme is adopted, where for each context three HMMs are trained by feature ensembles of different complexities. During online recognition, we start with coarse HMMs (with fewest numbers of features) and progressively apply finer models if necessary. Experiments show that this strategy results in significant saving in computational power with only negligible lose in context recognition accuracy.
Universal Network Error Correction MDS Codes

In network communication, the source often transmits messages at several different information rates within a session. In view of both information transmission and network error correction, linear network error correction MDS codes are expected to be used for these different rates. For this purpose, based on the existing results, designing a linear network error correction MDS code for each information rate is the most efficient solution. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a family of universal linear network error correction MDS codes, that is, these linear network error correction MDS codes have the same local encoding kernels at all internal nodes, which can resolve this problem better. And further propose a scheme for efficient implementation. This saves the storage space for each internal node, and resources and time for the transmission on networks.
Assessment of terrigenous organic carbon input to the total organic carbon in sediments from Scottish transitional waters (sea lochs): methodology and preliminary results

Abstract. This paper addresses the assessment of terrestrially derived organic carbon in sediments from two Scottish sea lochs. The results illustrate a smooth decrease in area-specific sediment oxygen uptake rates along a transect of six stations from the head of Loch Creran to the sea, from 18.7 mmol O2m-2d-1 to 6.6 mmol O2m-2d-1. Measurement of the losses on ignition at two temperatures (250°C and 500°C) of the sediment fraction from 1–2 cm depth at the same stations enabled the proportion of weight loss that occurred over the high temperature range to be calculated. These show a smooth increase from 0.33 to 0.62. These observations indicate that (a) the amount of easily biodegradable organic material in the sediment decreases by two-thirds along the transect and (b) the proportion of refractory organic material in the sediment increases along the same transect. This suggests strongly that terrigenous organic material, brought down by the River Creran is a very important fuel for sediment diagenetic processes in this system. Preliminary analyses of the lignin composition of the same sediments indicate the predominance of non-woody gymnosperm tissue. Lignin is used as a proxy for terrigenous allochthonous material. Comparative data for Loch Etive are also presented. Keywords: sedimentary organic carbon, Loch Creran, Loch Etive, oxygen uptake, lignin analysis
Detecting Heterogeneity in Population Structure Across the Genome in Admixed Populations

The genetic structure of human populations is often characterized by aggregating measures of ancestry across the autosomal chromosomes. While it may be reasonable to assume that population structure patterns are similar genome-wide in relatively homogeneous populations, this assumption may not be appropriate for admixed populations, such as Hispanics and African-Americans, with recent ancestry from two or more continents. Recent studies have suggested that systematic ancestry differences can arise at genomic locations in admixed populations as a result of selection and nonrandom mating. Here, we propose a method, which we refer to as the chromosomal ancestry differences (CAnD) test, for detecting heterogeneity in population structure across the genome. CAnD can incorporate either local or chromosome-wide ancestry inferred from SNP genotype data to identify chromosomes harboring genomic regions with ancestry contributions that are significantly different than expected. In simulation studies with real genotype data from phase III of the HapMap Project, we demonstrate the validity and power of CAnD. We apply CAnD to the HapMap Mexican-American (MXL) and African-American (ASW) population samples; in this analysis the software RFMix is used to infer local ancestry at genomic regions, assuming admixing from Europeans, West Africans, and Native Americans. The CAnD test provides strong evidence of heterogeneity in population structure across the genome in the MXL sample (p=1e−5), which is largely driven by elevated Native American ancestry and deficit of European ancestry on the X chromosomes. Among the ASW, all chromosomes are largely African derived and no heterogeneity in population structure is detected in this sample.
Large-scale Efficient and Effective Video Similarity Search

Recently, the rich diversity of the video capture devices and the high usage of the Internet have generated a great amount of video data, which attracts the attention of researchers with respect to the development of novel effective and efficient video retrieval approaches. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of the lower-bounding filter distance functions of the well-known similarity measure Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) on signature databases, including the recently introduced Independent Minimization for Signatures (IM-Sig). We conduct the experiments on a public dataset comprising various categories with visually similar videos, and another large-scale real world video dataset consisting of 350,000 near-duplicate videos. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work investigating the effectiveness and efficiency of the lower-bounding filter distance functions on databases consisting of signatures, i.e adaptive-binned representations. The experimental evaluation indicates both high effectiveness and efficiency of the IM-Sig, outperforming the state-of-the-art techniques.
ALICO: a multimodal corpus for the study of active listening

The Active Listening Corpus (ALICO) is a multimodal database of spontaneous dyadic conversations with diverse speech and gestural annotations of both dialogue partners. The annotations consist of short feedback expression transcription with corresponding communicative function interpretation as well as segmentation of interpausal units, words, rhythmic prominence intervals and vowel-to-vowel intervals. Additionally, ALICO contains head gesture annotation of both interlocutors. The corpus contributes to research on spontaneous human--human interaction, on functional relations between modalities, and timing variability in dialogue. It also provides data that differentiates between distracted and attentive listeners. We describe the main characteristics of the corpus and present the most important results obtained from analyses in recent years.
Strategic information systems planning: deriving comparative advantage from EDI

In this paper we argue that electronic data interchange (EDI) should not be viewed simply as a technological infrastructure, but as a technology which may enable an organization taking a strategic view to derive comparative advantage from utilizing it as part of a process of business re-engineering – in other words, as a sociotechnical entity. We suggest that strategic information systems planning (SISP) is a suitable superstructure within which EDI implementation may be considered from an appropriate strategic, as opposed to tactical, perspective. Finally we describe the theory and current practice of SISP and present guidelines for its application in relation to EDI.
Collateral, Credit History, and the Financial Decelerator

The author develops a simple model in which financial imperfections can serve to stabilize aggregate fluctuations and not merely aggravate them as in much of the previous literature; the author terms this a financial decelerator. In the model agents borrow to purchase housing and secure their loans with this long-lived asset. There are two financial imperfections in this model. First, agents are unable to commit to repay their loans ? that is, they can strategically default. This limits the amount that lenders are willing to offer. In addition, however, lenders are also imperfectly informed as to a borrower? s propensity to default; that is, there is adverse selection. The latter imperfection implies that default may actually occur in equilibrium, unlike in much of the previous literature. For relatively high house prices the commitment problem ensures that the equilibrium is typically characterized by a standard financial accelerator; that is, the borrowing constraints which prevent default become tighter as falling prices reduce the wealth with which agents can collateralize future loans, thereby exacerbating aggregate fluctuations. However, Elul shows that when prices are very low, agents will default, which serves as a stabilizing force; he terms this a financial decelerator. ; Also issued as Payment Cards Center Discussion Paper No. 05-14
Building a System for Stock News Generation in Russian

In this paper we present an implementation of an NLG system that serves for stock news generation. The system has two modules: analysis module and NLG module. The ﬁrst one is intended for processing the data on stock index changes, the second one for the news texts generation using the template-based NLG approach. The evaluation shown that both modules give relatively accurate results and the system can be used as a newsbot for stock news generation
The Rao-Wu Rescaling Bootstrap : From theory to practice

At Statistics Canada, variance estimation for compl ex surveys is mainly carried out using replication methods. The two replication methods which have been used in the last decade are the delete-one Primary Sampling Un it (PSU) jackknife and, more recently, the bootstrap. As Val liant (2007) rightly points out there are several v riants of the bootstrap introduced by Efron (1979) in the i.i. d. case which are being used in survey sampling and we hav to be clear which one is being referred to; at Statistics Canada we use solely the Rao-Wu rescaling bootstra p for production. Even though it was introduced in 1988 ( see Rao and Wu (1988)), first implementations occur red only in the late 1990s. The Rao-Wu bootstrap is performed o n both with and without replacement designs for whi ch it yields sensible variance estimates for a variety of estima tors including percentiles, a claim not matched by the delete-one PSU jackknife. Because of this, surveys which initi ally relied on the jackknife often make the switch o the bootstrap when the occasion arises, like during a survey re-d esign. The reader can get a good overview of what h as been tried in survey sampling with regard to the bootstrap fro m Rust and Rao (1996), Shao (2003) and Lahiri (2003 ). The RaoWu variant of the original bootstrap procedure is a ppealing to survey users because it is simple to im ple ent, it yields adequate variance estimates when the sample sizes are small (which is common with stratified de signs) and it comes in the form of bootstrap weights.
Using a Question-Answering Approach in Machine Reading Task of Biomedical Texts about the Alzheimer Disease

For the machine-reading task of biomedical texts about the Alzheimer disease we have used a Question-Answering approach by adapting functionalities of Question-Answering (Q-A) engine EAGLi. We didn’t involve any other Natural Language Processing method. As a knowledge store we used the biggest resource of biomedical literature MEDLINE. Our final results showed that the best run was without using the filter of “stop words” in queries. Run 1 and Run 2 provided answers to all 40 Question, while Run 3 and 4 provided answers to 5 questions; Run 5 answered to 6 questions. These results can be tentatively explained by the limits of the Boolean search we chose in the Q-A engine.
Space Vector Based Hybrid PWM Techniques for Reduced Current Ripple

This paper investigates certain novel switching sequences involving division of active vector time for space vector based pulsewidth modulation (PWM) generation for a voltage source inverter. This paper proposes two new sequences, and identifies all possible sequences, which result in the same average switching frequency as conventional space vector PWM (CSVPWM) at a given sampling frequency. This paper brings out a method for designing hybrid PWM techniques involving multiple sequences to reduce line current ripple. The three proposed hybrid PWM techniques (three-zone PWM, five-zone PWM and seven zone PWM) employ three, five and seven different sequences, respectively, in every sector. Each sequence is employed in a spatial region within the sector where it results in the lowest rms current ripple over the given sampling period. The proposed techniques lead to a significant reduction in THD over CSVPWM at high line voltages. The five-zone technique results in the lowest THD among real-time techniques with uniform sampling, while the seven-zone technique is the best among real-time techniques with twin sampling rates. The superior harmonic performance of the proposed techniques over CSVPWM and existing bus-clamping PWM techniques is established theoretically as well as experimentally.
The sources of economic growth in India 1950-1 to 1999-2000

LIST OF TABLES LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES LIST OF FIGURES GLOSSARY I. RATE OF GROWTH OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT II. DISTRIBUTION OF NDP AND GDP BY FACTOR INCOMES III. LABOUR INPUT IV. CAPITAL. LAND AND TOTAL INPUT IN NON-RESIDENTIAL SECTOR V. OUTPUT PER UNIT OF INPUT IN NON-RESIDENTIAL SECTOR VI. SOURCES OF GROWTH IN THE NON-RESIDENTIAL SECTOR VII. SOURCES OF GROWTH IN THE SECTOR A AND SECTOR NON-A
Functional Relevance of Coronary Artery Disease by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Cardiac Computed Tomography: Myocardial Perfusion and Fractional Flow Reserve

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality and it is responsible for an increasing resource burden. The identification of patients at high risk for adverse events is crucial to select those who will receive the greatest benefit from revascularization. To this aim, several non-invasive functional imaging modalities are usually used as gatekeeper to invasive coronary angiography, but the diagnostic yield of elective invasive coronary angiography remains unfortunately low. Stress myocardial perfusion imaging by cardiac magnetic resonance (stress-CMR) has emerged as an accurate technique for diagnosis and prognostic stratification of the patients with known or suspected CAD thanks to high spatial and temporal resolution, absence of ionizing radiation, and the multiparametric value including the assessment of cardiac anatomy, function, and viability. On the other side, cardiac computed tomography (CCT) has emerged as unique technique providing coronary arteries anatomy and more recently, due to the introduction of stress-CCT and noninvasive fractional flow reserve (FFR-CT), functional relevance of CAD in a single shot scan. The current review evaluates the technical aspects and clinical experience of stress-CMR and CCT in the evaluation of functional relevance of CAD discussing the strength and weakness of each approach.
Constrained Labeling of 2D Slice Data for Reading Images in Radiology

An important and underestimated task to support reading of images in radiology is a proper annotation of findings. In radiology reading, 2D slice images from a given modality (e.g. CT or MRI) need to be analyzed carefully by a radiologist, whereas all clinical relevant findings have to be annotated in the images. This includes information in particular for documentation, follow-up investigations and medical team meetings. The main problem of the automatic placement of labels in a clinical context is to find an arrangement of multiple variable-sized labels which guarantees readability, clearness and unambiguity and avoids occlusion of the image itself. Based on a case study of abdominal CT-Images in an oncologic context we analyze the main constraints for label placement in order to extract candidate label positions, evaluate these and determine valid and good label positions. Based on this preprocessing step, different approaches can be applied for placing multiple labels in a scene. We present a new method called Shifting and compare it to other labeling strategies.
Collaborative Aspects of Information Retrieval Tools : Summarising three action case studies

Information retrieval (IR) tools are engaged to find information in electronic form, in databases, digital libraries, and networks. However, the advent of the web technology has boosted the amount of information available to us way beyond our cognitive capacity. The importance of good IR tools has thus increased and the tools have become natural focal points for organisational information seeking. This situation offers a possibility to exploit the collaborative efforts of the individual users. However, is the opportunity utilised? In action case studies of a search engine, a notifier program, and a recommender system on a corporate intranet, this study seeks the answer to that question. The conclusion is that most IR tools have neglected to incorporate support for collaborative action, or allowing awareness of other users with similar information needs. By integrating functionality from all three tools, according to the design implications presented here, future systems should be able to benefit more from the collective information seeking efforts of the organisation.