Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chaos-Based Estimation Method for Software Reliability

Reliability is one of the essential attributes of the dependable software, and an important factor for quantitatively characterizing software quality. Conventional methodology is Software Reliability Growth Model (SRGM), which specifies the form of a random process that describes the behavior of software failures with respect to time. In this paper, we propose that the behavior of software failures possesses determinacy as well as randomness. So we apply chaos theory to software reliability assessment. Based on chaos theory, we can estimate software reliability according to the objective law hidden in the data, unlike the SRGM which usually makes a number of assumptions. This approach avoids the subjectivity in the SRGM. Also, we analyze the actual software failures data sets with the add-weighted one-rank local-region method (AOLM) based on chaos theory and compare the results with the conventional stochastic SRGM JM (Jelinsky-Moranda) model and NHPP (nonhomogeneous poisson process) mode. Comparison results show that the proposed method fits better than the stochastic ones.
Objective adherence monitoring in multiple sclerosis: initial validation and association with self-report

Poor adherence to medication is commonplace and contributes to poor health outcomes among numerous patient populations. Studies that have examined treatment adherence in multiple sclerosis focus exclusively on retrospective self-reports and/or imprecise measures of treatment discontinuation. To help address these methodological limitations, the present longitudinal study compared adherence outcomes for patients with multiple sclerosis using retrospective self-reports, adherence diaries, and a novel electronic monitoring device. Sixty-seven patients with relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis were followed for a period of eight weeks during which they used a medication diary and a sharps container that captured electronically the time and date of each needle disposal. The patients also reported at the outset and conclusion of the study how frequently they missed doses. All measures of adherence were highly correlated. Patients reported better adherence than was indicated by medication diaries and electronic monitoring of needle disposals. Nearly one-fifth of the sample exhibited poor adherence, missing more than 20% of their prescribed medication. The results support the validity of electronic monitoring of needle disposal as an effective means of measuring adherence to disease modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis. In contrast, studies employing only self-report may underestimate poor adherence. Larger scale studies that employ prospective objective methods are necessary to gain a better understanding of adherence patterns in multiple sclerosis.
A temporal logic for data-flow VHDL

This paper introduces a first-order linear-time temporal logic for two subsets of the VHDL. The subsets cover data-flow descriptions employing delta or inertial delays, and include signal attributes, generic parameters, and generate statements. The proofs in this logic are compositional, meaning we derive the properties of a design from the properties of its components. This paper also considers extensions to this logic, and compares it to related work. This logic is based on the UNITY formalism.
1. Centre for Sexually Transmitted Infection and AIDS Epidemiological Studies of Catalonia (CEEISCAT) – ICO, Hospital

C Folch (cft.ceescat.germanstrias@gencat.cat)1,2,3, R Muñoz1,4, K Zaragoza1, J Casabona1,2,5 1. Centre for Sexually Transmitted Infection and AIDS Epidemiological Studies of Catalonia (CEEISCAT) – ICO, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain 2. Ciber Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain 3. PhD Programme in Public Health and Methodology of Biomedical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Preventive Medicine. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain 4. Stop Sida, Barcelona, Spain 5. Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Preventive Medicine. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
Sexual networks and social capital: multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships as a rational response to unstable social networks

Multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships (MCP) are prevalent in southern Africa and have been identified as a primary cause of high HIV prevalence in this region. Sexual liaisons with multiple partners serve to increase the size and diversity of an individual's sexual—and social—network and therefore to increase their social capital. This maximisation of social capital may minimise the risk to relationship(s) at the cost of maximising the biological risk of HIV infection. Many sexually active individuals appear to neglect their biological risk of HIV infection in order to maximise their ‘social capital. ’ This would seem to be irrational from the perspective of any individual actor, but on a larger social scale, this may give individuals better access to some social and economic goods. The article argues that people who are in unstable and less-connected parts of the sexual network are those most active in building their sexual networks, even where they are not especially promiscuous. However, such strategies may increase exposure to HIV infection in particular populations, such as intravenous drug users, sex workers, and men having sex with men, as well as in the general population of heterosexual southern Africans. What these high HIV-prevalence populations have in common is their participation in sexual-social networks in which individuals try to maximise their social capital by extending the diversity and density of their sexual networks. The discussion shifts analytic attention away from the notion of higher-risk sexual practices of individuals towards consideration for the structure and dynamics of social and sexual networks at a societal level.
Targeting Olfactory Bulb Neurons Using Combined In Vivo Electroporation and Gal4-Based Enhancer Trap Zebrafish Lines

In vivo electroporation is a powerful method for delivering DNA expression plasmids, RNAi reagents, and morpholino anti-sense oligonucleotides to specific regions of developing embryos, including those of C. elegans, chick, Xenopus, zebrafish, and mouse 1. In zebrafish, in vivo electroporation has been shown to have excellent spatial and temporal resolution for the delivery of these reagents 2-7. The temporal resolution of this method is important because it allows for incorporation of these reagents at specific stages in development. Furthermore, because expression from electroporated vectors occurs within 6 hours 7, this method is more timely than transgenic approaches. While the spatial resolution can be extremely precise when targeting a single cell 2, 6, it is often preferable to incorporate reagents into a specific cell population within a tissue or structure. When targeting multiple cells, in vivo electroporation is efficient for delivery to a specific region of the embryo; however, particularly within the developing nervous system, it is difficult to target specific cell types solely through spatially discrete electroporation. Alternatively, enhancer trap transgenic lines offer excellent cell type-specific expression of transgenes 8. Here we describe an approach that combines transgenic Gal4-based enhancer trap lines 8 with spatially discrete in vivo electroporation 7, 9 to specifically target developing neurons of the zebrafish olfactory bulb. The Et(zic4:Gal4TA4,UAS:mCherry)hzm5 (formerly GA80_9) enhancer trap line previously described 8, displays targeted transgenic expression of mCherry mediated by a zebrafish optimized Gal4 (KalTA4) transcriptional activator in multiple regions of the developing brain including hindbrain, cerebellum, forebrain, and the olfactory bulb. To target GFP expression specifically to the olfactory bulb, a plasmid with the coding sequence of GFP under control of multiple Gal4 binding sites (UAS) was electroporated into the anterior end of the forebrain at 24-28 hours post-fertilization (hpf). Although this method incorporates plasmid DNA into multiple regions of the forebrain, GFP expression is only induced in cells transgenically expressing the KalTA4 transcription factor. Thus, by using the GA080_9 transgenic line, this approach led to GFP expression exclusively in the developing olfactory bulb. GFP expressing cells targeted through this approach showed typical axonal projections, as previously described for mitral cells of the olfactory bulb 10. This method could also be used for targeted delivery of other reagents including short-hairpin RNA interference expression plasmids, which would provide a method for spatially and temporally discrete loss-of-function analysis.
Fibrin Glue Reduces the Duration of Lymphatic Drainage after Lumpectomy and Level II or III Axillary Lymph Node Dissection for Breast Cancer: A Prospective Randomized Trial

This randomized prospective study investigated the effect of fibrin glue use on drainage duration and overall drain output after lumpectomy and axillary dissection in breast cancer patients. A total of 100 patients undergoing breast lumpectomy and axillary dissection were randomized to a fibrin glue group (N=50; glue sprayed onto the axillary dissection site) or a control group (N=50). Outcome measures were drainage duration, overall drain output, and incidence of seroma. Overall, the fibrin glue and control groups were similar in terms of drainage duration, overall drain output, and incidence of seroma. However, subgroup analysis showed that fibrin glue use resulted in a shorter drainage duration (3.5 vs. 4.7 days; p=0.0006) and overall drain output (196 vs. 278 mL; p=0.0255) in patients undergoing level II or III axillary dissection. Fibrin glue use reduced drainage duration and overall drain output in breast cancer patients undergoing a lumpectomy and level II or III axillary dissection.
The Emotion of Awe and Perception of Destination to Influence Tourists’ Satisfaction

This study aimed to explain tourist satisfaction by using an integrated model that incorporated cognitive and affective perspectives. Questionnaires data were collected from 385 participants in Tibet and the conceptual model was verified by using Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that, from the cognitive viewpoint, the perception of the natural environment was the key factor to influence tourists’ satisfaction; from the affective viewpoint, both the perception of the natural environment and the perception of the religious atmosphere were the factors to influence tourists’ satisfaction. The perceived value of the destination (cognitive factor) and experience of the emotion of awe (affective factor) also influenced tourists’ satisfaction. Additionally, the findings of this study showed that the emotion of awe was the mediator between the perceived value of the destination and the tourists’ satisfaction. In a summary, this study presented a theoretical framework that was based on the dual perspectives of cognition and affection to expand the existing research and provided a comprehensive and reasonable interpretation of tourists’ satisfaction.
Relationships between free radical levels during carotid endarterectomy and markers of arteriosclerotic disease

Background: Free radical production is elevated in jugular venous blood emerging from the brain in conjunction with carotid endarterectomy. This study explores the relationships between markers for lesion progression in arteriosclerosis, production of radicals and clinical characteristics. Methods: The radical production during carotid endarterectomy was studied in 13 patients with an ex vivo spin trap method using OXANOH as a spin trap. MCP-1, ICAM-1, MMP-9 and oxLDL were determined in venous blood samples before, during and after clamping of the carotid artery. Principal component analysis (PCA) as well as partial least square regression analysis (PLS) was applied to interpret the data. Results: PCA and PLS analysis revealed that high values of MMP-9 and low values of ICAM-1 were associated with high radical production whereas MCP-1 and oxLDL were not correlated to radical production. MMP-9 was elevated at diabetes, high haemoglobin, high leucocyte counts and thrombocyte counts as well as at contralateral stenosis, whereas ICAM-1 showed reversed relationships to these clinical variables. MCP-1 increased during surgery. Conclusions: The main finding in our study is that MMP-9 in plasma is asscociated with radical production during carotid endarterectomy, suggesting that this enzyme might be involved in the pathogenesis of brain damage in conjunction with ischaemia-reperfusion.
Meaningful use care coordination criteria: Perceived barriers and benefits among primary care providers

BACKGROUND Stage 2 and proposed Stage 3 meaningful use criteria ask providers to support patient care coordination by electronically generating, exchanging, and reconciling key information during patient care transitions. METHODS A stratified random sample of primary care practices in Michigan (n = 328) that had already met Stage 1 meaningful use criteria was surveyed, in order to identify the anticipated barriers to meeting these criteria as well as the expected impact on patient care coordination from doing so. RESULTS The top three barriers, as identified by >65% of the primary care providers surveyed, were difficulty sending and receiving patient information electronically, a lack of provider and practice staff time, and the complex workflow changes required. Despite these barriers, primary care providers expressed strong agreement that meeting the proposed Stage 3 care coordination criteria would improve their patients' treatment and ensure they know about their patients' visits to other providers. CONCLUSION The survey results suggest the need to enhance policy approaches and organizational strategies to address the key barriers identified by providers and practices in order to realize important care coordination benefits.
The Multi-perspective Process Explorer

Organizations use process mining techniques to analyze event data recorded by their information systems. Multi-perspective process mining techniques make use of data attributes attached to events to analyze processes from multiple perspectives. Applying those multi-perspective process mining techniques in practice is a laborious task when the event data contains a large number of at- Tributes and many different trace variants. Tools that facilitate the usage of these techniques in practical settings are missing. We describe the Multi-perspective Process Explorer as a new tool that integrates current multi-perspective process mining techniques for discovery and conformance checking. It supports common tasks in multi-perspective process mining, and aims to reduce the time needed to explore event data.
An Algebra of Dataaow Networks

y Abstract. This paper describes an algebraic framework for the study of dataaow networks, which form a paradigm for concurrent computation in which a collection of concurrently and asynchronously executing processes communicate by sending messages between ports connected via FIFO message channels. A syntactic dataaow calculus is deened, having two kinds of terms which represent networks and computations, respectively. By imposing suitable equivalences on networks and computations , we obtain the free dataaow algebra, in which the dataaow networks with m input ports and n output ports are regarded as the objects of a category S n m , and the computations of such networks are represented by the arrows. Functors deened on S n m label each computation by the input buuer consumed and the output buuer produced during that computation, so that each S n m is a span in Cat. It is shown that the free dataaow algebra construction underlies a monad in the category of collections S = fS n m : m; n 0g of spans in Cat. The algebras of this monad, called dataaow algebras, have a monoid structure representing parallel composition, and are also equipped with an action of a certain collection of continuous functions, thereby representing the formation of feedback loops. The two structures are related by a distributive law of feedback over parallel composition. We also observe the following connection with the theory of brations: if S is a dataaow algebra, then each S n m is a split biibration in Cat.
Indoor visual localization of a wheelchair using Shi-Tomasi and KLT

A solution for precise indoor localization is sought by the robot navigation scientific community. There are many approaches to solve this problem, including sensor fusion: inertial sensors, cameras, lasers and signal strength-based methods (Wi-Fi). This paper presents an approach using a single camera embedded on the robot, pointing to the floor. To validate this method, an application using an electric powered wheelchair in an indoor environment is presented.
The Interplay of Cultural Aversion and Assortativity for the Emergence of Cooperation

This paper investigates the emergence of cooperation in a heterogeneous population. The population is divided into two cultural groups. Agents in the population are randomly matched in pairs to engage in a prisoner dilemma. The matching process is assortative, that is, cooperators are more likely to be matched with cooperators, defectors are more likely to be matched with defectors. When two agents of different cultures are matched, they suffer a cost due to their cultural differences. We call such a cost cultural aversion. We find that when cultural aversion is sufficiently strong, perfect correlation between culture and behavior emerges: all agents from one cultural group cooperate, while all agents from the other cultural group defect.
Lipopeptide biosurfactant viscosin enhances dispersal of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 biofilms

Pseudomonads produce several lipopeptide biosurfactants that have antimicrobial properties but that also facilitate surface motility and influence biofilm formation. Detailed studies addressing the significance of lipopeptides for biofilm formation and architecture are rare. Hence, the present study sets out to determine the specific role of the lipopeptide viscosin in Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 biofilm formation, architecture and dispersal, and to relate viscA gene expression to viscosin production and effect. Initially, we compared biofilm formation of SBW25 and the viscosin-deficient mutant strain SBW25ΔviscA in static microtitre assays. These experiments demonstrated that viscosin had little influence on the amount of biofilm formed by SBW25 during the early stages of biofilm development. Later, however, SBW25 formed significantly less biofilm than SBW25ΔviscA. The indication that viscosin is involved in biofilm dispersal was confirmed by chemical complementation of the mutant biofilm. Furthermore, a fluorescent bioreporter showed that viscA expression was induced in biofilms 4 h prior to dispersal. Subsequent detailed studies of biofilms formed in flow cells for up to 5 days revealed that SBW25 and SBW25ΔviscA developed comparable biofilms dominated by well-defined, mushroom-shaped structures. Carbon starvation was required to obtain biofilm dispersal in this system. Dispersal of SBW25 biofilms was significantly greater than of SBW25ΔviscA biofilms after 3 h and, importantly, carbon starvation strongly induced viscA expression, in particular for cells that were apparently leaving the biofilm. Thus, the present study points to a role for viscosin-facilitated motility in dispersal of SBW25 biofilms.
Can large cell change and high proliferative activity predict hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis?

OBJECTIVE:Patients with hereditary hemochromatosis are at high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. This study was undertaken to define whether large cell change and nucleolar organizer regions proliferative index (marker of high proliferative activity) predict hepatocellular carcinoma development in hereditary hemochromatosis.METHODS:Histological staining for large cell change and high proliferative activity were done on baseline liver biopsies of 74 patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (52 with and 22 without cirrhosis), prospectively followed-up for 83 ± 53 months (range, 1–230 months). RESULTS:Large cell change and high proliferative activity were found only in cirrhotic patients; 16 of 52 patients (31%) had either the large cell change or high proliferative activity. Large cell change was more frequent in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen than in those positive for hepatitis C virus (57% vs 14%, p = 0.04). Hepatocellular carcinoma developed in 7 of 16 (44%) and in 6 of 36 patients (16%) of the patients positive or negative for these morphological variables. The probability of developing hepatocellular carcinoma at 7 yr of follow-up was significantly higher in patients with large cell change or high proliferative activity than in those without. The length of follow-up from baseline histology to hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence was shorter in patients with large cell change or high proliferative activity than in those without these changes (46 ± 36 and 109 ± 34 months, p = 0.01). A multivariate analysis indicated that in patients with cirrhosis, large cell change or high proliferative activity (considered as a single variable), and age >55 yr were the only independent variables significantly associated with the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma, with a risk ratio of 4.8 (confidence interval 1.2–18.2) and 4.0 (confidence interval 1.1–15.6), respectively.CONCLUSIONS:In hereditary hemochromatosis, the presence of large cell change or high proliferative activity in patients older than 55 yr with cirrhosis should be considered a strong predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma development, especially if hepatitis B virus infection coexists.