Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical Wavefront Reconstruction: Theory and Numerical Methods

Optical wavefront reconstruction algorithms played a central role in the effort to identify gross manufacturing errors in NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (HST). NASA's success with reconstruction algorithms on the HST has led to an effort to develop software that can aid and in some cases replace complicated, expensive, and error-prone hardware. Among the many applications is HST's replacement, the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST). indent This work details the theory of optical wavefront reconstruction, reviews some numerical methods for this problem, and presents a novel numerical technique that we call extended least squares. We compare the performance of these numerical methods for potential inclusion in prototype NGST optical wavefront reconstruction software. We begin with a tutorial on Rayleigh--Sommerfeld diffraction theory.
Combining fairness with throughput: online routing with multiple objectives

This paper presents online algorithms for routing and bandwidth allocation which simultaneously approximate fair and max-throughput solutions. In fact, the algorithms solve a more difficult problem: for any bandwidth b, the number of sessions that get bandwidth b in the online algorithm is not smaller than the number of sessions receiving ? b offline, where ? is the competitive ratio. This problem is provably harder than the problem of maximizing throughput (e.g., 4) or the problem of maximizing the bandwidth assigned to the most starved session (e.g., 3). For the case where the algorithm assigns bandwidths, we present an O(log2nlog1+? U/? )-competitive algorithm, for any ? , where U is the minimum (over all choices of routes) of the maximum number of sessions routed along any single link. We also show an ? (log1+? U/? ) lower bound in this model. For a more practically interesting model where the algorithm assigns routes and weights, and where these weights are used to drive the Weighted Fair Queuing policy in the routers, we present an O(log2nlogU)-competitive algorithm. We also show that the dependence on U is necessary by presenting an ? (logU) lower bound. Previous upper and lower bounds for online maximization of throughput become invalid if we are allowed to assign weights. We prove an ? (logn) lower bound for this model and present an O(lognloglogn)-competitive online algorithm. We present preliminary simulation results which show that our algorithm is effective in attaining high throughput without significantly sacrificing fairness.
Analysis of synaptic distribution within single retinal axonal arbors after chronic NMDA treatment

Activation of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor has been implicated in structural synaptic plasticity in many developing sensory systems. In the frog retinotectal system, chronic exposure of the optic tectum to NMDA, which decreases the effectiveness of NMDA receptors (Debski et al., 1991), results in the pruning of the branches of retinal terminal arbors (Cline and Constantine-Paton, 1990). However, it is difficult from these studies to relate the involvement of NMDA receptors to changes in synapse distribution. In this study, we have developed an EM sampling procedure to quantitatively compare the amount and the distribution of synaptic contact within single retinal arbors. We report that within each retinal arbor, synaptic contact gradually increases from the main branches to the end branches of the arbor. Chronic NMDA treatment, however, significantly reduces the total amount of synaptic contact within each arbor. This reduced synaptic contact appears to be due to the pruning of the end branches, and the synapses these branches bear. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that NMDA receptor is an integral part of the mechanism that stabilizes coactive synapses, and that maintenance of an axonal branch requires a minimum density of synapses that are correlated with converging neighbors.
Structural Brain Network Characteristics Can Differentiate CIS from Early RRMS

Focal demyelinated lesions, diffuse white matter (WM) damage, and gray matter (GM) atrophy influence directly the disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to identify specific characteristics of GM and WM structural networks in subjects with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) in comparison to patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Twenty patients with CIS, 33 with RRMS, and 40 healthy subjects were investigated using 3 T-MRI. Diffusion tensor imaging was applied, together with probabilistic tractography and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps for WM and cortical thickness correlation analysis for GM, to determine the structural connectivity patterns. A network topology analysis with the aid of graph theoretical approaches was used to characterize the network at different community levels (modularity, clustering coefficient, global, and local efficiencies). Finally, we applied support vector machines (SVM) to automatically discriminate the two groups. In comparison to CIS subjects, patients with RRMS were found to have increased modular connectivity and higher local clustering, highlighting increased local processing in both GM and WM. Both groups presented increased modularity and clustering coefficients in comparison to healthy controls. SVM algorithms achieved 97% accuracy using the clustering coefficient as classifier derived from GM and 65% using WM from probabilistic tractography and 67% from modularity of FA maps to differentiate between CIS and RRMS patients. We demonstrate a clear increase of modular and local connectivity in patients with early RRMS in comparison to CIS and healthy subjects. Based only on a single anatomic scan and without a priori information, we developed an automated and investigator-independent paradigm that can accurately discriminate between patients with these clinically similar disease entities, and could thus complement the current dissemination-in-time criteria for clinical diagnosis.
Ecosystems in GitHub and a Method for Ecosystem Identification Using Reference Coupling

Software projects are not developed in isolation. Recent research has shifted to studying software ecosystems, communities of projects that depend on each other and are developed together. However, identifying technical dependencies at the ecosystem level can be challenging. In this paper, we propose a new method, known as reference coupling, for detecting technical dependencies between projects. The method establishes dependencies through user-specified cross-references between projects. We use our method to identify ecosystems in GitHub-hosted projects, and we identify several characteristics of the identified ecosystems. We find that most ecosystems are centered around one project and are interconnected with other ecosystems. The predominant type of ecosystems are those that develop tools to support software development. We also found that the project owners' social behaviour aligns well with the technical dependencies within the ecosystem, but project contributors' social behaviour does not align with these dependencies. We conclude with a discussion on future research that is enabled by our reference coupling method.
Optical Network Management and Control

While dense wavelength division multiplexing equipment has been deployed in networks of major telecommunications carriers for over a decade, the capabilities of its networking and associated network control and management have not caught up to those of digital cross-connect systems and packet-switched counterparts in higher layer networks. We shed light on this situation by examining the current structure of the optical layer, its relationship to other network technology layers, and current network management and control implementations. We provide additional insight by explaining how a combination of business and technical perspectives has driven evolution of the optical layer. We conclude by exploring activities to close this gap in the future.
Smad3 Deficiency in Mast Cells Provides Efficient Host Protection against Acute Septic Peritonitis1

Mast cells play an important role in innate immunity as well as in allergic reaction. However, regulatory mechanisms underlying mast cell-mediated innate immune responses remain largely unknown. Here we determined whether Smad3, a major signal transducer of TGF-β, regulates innate immune response by mast cells against Gram-negative bacteria. Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) obtained from Smad3 null mutant mice showed augmented capacity to produce proinflammatory cytokines upon stimulation with a Gram-negative bacteria-associated product, LPS. In acute septic peritonitis model induced by cecal ligation and puncture, mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice reconstituted with Smad3 null BMMC had significantly higher survival rate than W/Wv mice reconstituted with wild-type BMMC, which was associated with higher production of proinflammatory cytokines in the peritoneal cavity. These in vitro and in vivo results suggest that Smad3 in mast cells functions as inhibitory for mast cell-mediated innate immune response against Gram-negative bacteria. Suppression of Smad3 expression in mast cells may thus have therapeutic potential for Gram-negative bacterial infection such as acute septic peritonitis by augmenting innate immune responses of mast cells.
Retrieving Representative Structures from XML Documents Using Clustering Techniques

In the paper, we addressed the problem of finding the common structures in a collection of XML documents. Since an XML document can be represented as a tree structure, the problem how to cluster a collection of XML documents can be considered as how to cluster a collection of tree-structured documents. First, we used SOM (Self-Organizing Map) with the Jaccard coefficient to cluster XML documents. Then, an efficient sequential mining method called GST was applied to find maximum frequent sequences. Finally, we merged the maximum frequent sequences to produce the common structures in a cluster.
Extracting Search Query Patterns via the Pairwise Coupled Topic Model

A fundamental yet new challenge in information retrieval is the identification of patterns behind search queries. For example, the query "NY restaurant" and "boston hotel" shares the common pattern "LOCATION SERVICE". However, because of the diversity of real queries, existing approaches require data preprocessing by humans or specifying the target query domains, which hinders their applicability. We propose a probabilistic topic model that assumes that each term (e.g., "NY") has a topic (LOCATION). The key idea is that we consider topic co-occurrence in a query rather than a topic sequence, which significantly reduces computational cost yet enables us to acquire coherent topics without the preprocessing. Using two real query datasets, we demonstrate that the obtained topics are intelligible by humans, and are highly accurate in keyword prediction and query generation tasks.
Bantu language trees reflect the spread of farming across sub-Saharan Africa: a maximum-parsimony analysis

Linguistic divergence occurs after speech communities divide, in a process similar to speciation among isolated biological populations. The resulting languages are hierarchically related, like genes or species. Phylogenetic methods developed in evolutionary biology can thus be used to infer language trees, with the caveat that ‘borrowing’ of linguistic elements between languages also occurs, to some degree. Maximum–parsimony trees for 75 Bantu and Bantoid African languages were constructed using 92 items of basic vocabulary. The level of character fit on the trees was high (consistency index was 0.65), indicating that a tree model fits Bantu language evolution well, at least for the basic vocabulary. The Bantu language tree reflects the spread of farming across this part of sub–Saharan Africa between ca. 3000 BC and AD 500. Modern Bantu subgroups, defined by clades on parsimony trees, mirror the earliest farming traditions both geographically and temporally. This suggests that the major subgroups of modern Bantu stem from the Neolithic and Early Iron Age, with little subsequent movement by speech communities.
MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB

The learning of Arabic language through media will be more interest and easy to be learned, remembered, understood, memorized and to be practiced by students. In order to make the learning of Arabic language more effective, the teachers must choose an appropriate media with the purpose, approach, method, and the technique of Arabic language learning. The implementation of Competency Based Curriculum in the learning of Arabic language demands a media in every single process of Arabic language learning. In addition, the teachers must select an appropriate media, because there are many kinds of media with different function. Besides, the teachers must know many factors, including the difficulties m preparing media or factors that will support the implementation of media itself. In brief, the teachers must be more creative in searching, making, and preparing media.
An implementation for the simulation of cells on micro-post arrays

The mechanical interaction between cells and their underlying substrates is important in understanding the processes that take place at an interface between biological tissue and the surface of implants. There have been numerous studies that examine these interactions both by experimental and numerical modeling. The bio-chemo-mechanical model for cell contractility by Deshpande et al. [1] has numerous applications and advantages. This work shows a way to implement this model in COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS® so it can be easily modified or extended. This will allow us in a next step to couple the differential system with additional external stimuli.
Describing and Verifying Web Service Composition Using TLA Reasoning

Web service composition is the process of integrating multiple independent Web Services into a coherent system that performs complex functions. This paper proposes an effective method for performing Web service composition and verification. We use Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA) to model Web services, composition patterns and users’ requests. Based on the models, composition can be created by conducting TLA reasoning. The correctness of composition result can also be verified by checking whether the resulted TLA formula implements a user’s request. A case study was conducted to illustrate the correctness of our approach.
Baseline Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (Hbsag) as Predictor of Sustained Hbsag Loss in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated with Pegylated Interferon-α2A and Adefovir

Background In this study, we aimed to identify baseline predictors of response in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with a combination of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-α2a and adefovir. Methods We treated 92 chronic hepatitis B patients (44 hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg]-positive and 48 HBeAg-negative) with HBV DNA>100,000 copies/ml (>17,182 IU/ ml) with PEG-IFN and adefovir for 48 weeks and followed them up for 2 years. Baseline markers for HBeAg loss, combined response (HBeAg negativity, HBV DNA levels ≤2,000 IU/ml and alanine aminotransferase [ALT] normalization) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss were evaluated. Results Two years after the end of treatment, rates of HBeAg loss and HBsAg loss in HBeAg-positive patients were 18/44 (41%) and 5/44 (11%), respectively. In HBeAg-negative patients, rates of combined response and HBsAg loss were 12/48 (25%) and 8/48 (17%), respectively. HBeAg-negative patients with HBsAg loss had lower baseline HBsAg levels than those without HBsAg loss (mean HBsAg 2.35 versus 3.55 log10 IU/ml; P<0.001). They also had lower HBV DNA levels and were more often (PEG-)IFN experienced. Baseline HBsAg was the only independent predictor of HBsAg loss (OR 0.02; P=0.01). Conclusions With combination therapy of PEG-IFN and adefovir for 48 weeks, a high rate of HBsAg loss was observed in both HBeAg-positive (11%) and HBeAg-negative (17%) patients 2 years after treatment ended. In HBeAg-negative patients, a low baseline HBsAg level was a strong predictor for HBsAg loss.
Facilitation of glutamate release from rat cerebrocortical glutamatergic nerve terminals (synaptosomes) by phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine

Phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) have been shown to enhance cognitive function. Considering that brain glutamatergic system is thought to participate in cognitive processing, our objective was to determine the effect of PS and PC on glutamate release from the nerve terminal (synaptosome) freshly isolated from rat cerebral cortex. Data showed that both PS and PC potently facilitate 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP)‐evoked Ca2+‐dependent and Ca2+‐independent glutamate release. Facilitation of glutamate release by PS or PC was associated with an increase of 4‐AP‐evoked depolarization and downstream elevation of cytoplasmic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c). In addition, glutamate release elicited by direct Ca2+‐entry with Ca2+‐ionophore (ionomycin) was also facilitated by PS or PC. Furthermore, PS‐ or PC‐mediated facilitation of 4‐AP‐evoked glutamate release was superseded or suppressed by protein kinase C (PKC) activator and inhibitor, respectively. Together, these results suggest that PS or PC effects a facilitation of glutamate exocytosis by increasing nerve terminal excitability and Ca2+ influx into cerebrocortical nerve terminals through a signaling cascade involving PKC. Synapse 63:215–223, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intentionality, Desire, Responsibility

CONTENTS Series Editor's preface Acknowledgements Introduction PROLOGUE Chapter One Perception and the gaze: from phenomenology to psychoanalysis PART ONE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Chapter Two Phenomenology, hermeneutics and psychopathology Chapter Three Space, time and guilt in psychosis Chapter Four Dependency and responsibility in personality disorder Chapter Five Intentionality and causality: the phenomenological case PART TWO PSYCHOANALYSIS Chapter Six Phenomenology and psychoanalysis Chapter Seven Psychoanalysis and truth-finding Chapter Eight A literary work and the reader's subjective position Chapter Nine Image and culture Chapter Ten The symbolic order and the law Chapter Eleven The trauma of the real PART THREE LAW Chapter Twelve Guilt in law and psychopathology Chapter Thirteen Action and freedom of action Chapter Fourteen Responsibility and criminal responsibility Chapter Fifteen Evil and responsibility Bibliography Index
Design and Testing of a Magnetically Levitated Conveyor

In this paper, a conveyor device aimed at moving objects placed on a translating chain is studied. Losses, friction, and noise reduction are the main objectives, which are obtained by magnetically levitating the chain with the aid of a system of permanent magnets placed on the chain and on the beam. A stable vertical levitation was obtained, while the horizontal instability was managed reducing the allowed gap between the chain and the beam. A customized three-phase drive unit was also realized in order to reduce the size and the inertia of the conveyor. A prototype was built and tested in order to verify the outcomes of the design.
International and interdisciplinary perspectives on Eric Voegelin

This collection of essays explores the evolution of Voegelin's theory; from his history of political ideas of the 1940s to his philosophy of consciousness in the 1980s. Contributors relate his work to that of his contemporaries, such as Husserl and Schultz, as well as more recent scholars.
Security Solutions for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a talented technology that shows great assurance for a variety of ultramodern applications both for mass public and military. The appearance of sensor networks as one of the central technology trends in the coming decades has posed several exclusive challenges to researchers. The key research spotlight has been on making sensor networks sufficient and helpful. This paper analyzes security requirements in wireless sensor networks and summarizes key issues, attacks and threats that should be solved for achieving the ad hoc security. We also present some secure solutions for achieving the security in wireless sensor networks.
Prospective study of depression and the risk of heavy alcohol use in women.

OBJECTIVE The authors' goal was to determine whether depression is associated with a greater risk of heavy alcohol consumption in women. METHOD The study was based on a 1-year follow-up of the Baltimore cohort of the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area project. The sample consisted of 1,383 women at risk for heavy alcohol use. History of depression and frequency of lifetime-experienced depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline, and incident cases of heavy drinking were identified 1 year later. After calculating descriptive statistics for the sample, the authors developed a series of logistic regression models to estimate the risk of heavy drinking at follow-up associated with depression status. RESULTS The initial estimate of the risk for heavy drinking in women with a history of depressive disorder was 2.60 times greater than the risk in women with no history of depressive disorder. This estimate did not change markedly after adjustment for age, history of antisocial personality disorder, or father's history of heavy drinking (relative risk=2.2). A higher frequency of depressive symptoms was also found to be associated with an elevation in the risk for heavy alcohol use (relative risk=1.09). CONCLUSIONS These results add to other evidence that depression must be considered in the assessment of vulnerability for heavy alcohol use in women. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms of the observed association and to discover whether detection and effective treatment of depression might reduce risk of later alcohol problems.
The use of propofol for procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department: a comparison with midazolam

Introduction This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of propofol as an alternative agent for procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) in the emergency department (ED) and to make a comparison between two different sedative (propofol vs midazolam) drugs used in combination with fentanyl. Objectives To compare outcomes between a combination of fentanyl and propofol with fentanyl and midazolam in patients during and after PSA. Methodology A randomised single blinded control trial carried out in the ED of a university hospital. 40 patients were randomly allocated equally into two groups: group A, 20 subjects received intravenous fentanyl 3 μg/kg as a bolus dose and a titration maximum bolus dose of propofol 1 mg/kg followed by a maximum titration top-up of 0.5 mg/kg if needed; group B, 20 subjects received intravenous fentanyl 3 μg/kg as a bolus dose and a titration maximum bolus dose of midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and a maximum titration top-up of 0.1 mg/kg if needed. The target sedation level was a Ramsay score of 3 or 4. Outcomes included the presence of any adverse events related to PSA and time to discharge. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the two groups. Results None of the patients developed any significant adverse events during and after procedures. The mean length of stay in the propofol and midazolam groups was 29.25 (11.03) and 71.75 (60.64) min, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion Both propofol and midazolam given at the recommended doses were equally safe and effective for PSA in the ED. The propofol group was discharged much earlier than to the midazolam group.