Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Band theory and Mott insulators: Hubbard U instead of Stoner I.

We propose a form for the exchange-correlation potential in local-density band theory, appropriate for Mott insulators. The idea is to use the ``constrained-local-density-approximation'' Hubbard parameter U as the quantity relating the single-particle potentials to the magnetic- (and orbital-) order parameters. Our energy functional is that of the local-density approximation plus the mean-field approximation to the remaining part of the U term. We argue that such a method should make sense, if one accepts the Hubbard model and the success of constrained-local-density-approximation parameter calculations. Using this ab initio scheme, we find that all late-3d-transition-metal monoxides, as well as the parent compounds of the high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ compounds, are large-gap magnetic insulators of the charge-transfer type. Further, the method predicts that ${\mathrm{LiNiO}}_{2}$ is a low-spin ferromagnet and NiS a local-moment p-type metal. The present version of the scheme fails for the early-3d-transition-metal monoxides and for the late 3d transition metals.
Ranking and characterization of established BMI and lipid associated loci as candidates for gene-environment interactions

Phenotypic variance heterogeneity across genotypes at a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) may reflect underlying gene-environment (G×E) or gene-gene interactions. We modeled variance heterogeneity for blood lipids and BMI in up to 44,211 participants and investigated relationships between variance effects (Pv), G×E interaction effects (with smoking and physical activity), and marginal genetic effects (Pm). Correlations between Pv and Pm were stronger for SNPs with established marginal effects (Spearman’s ρ = 0.401 for triglycerides, and ρ = 0.236 for BMI) compared to all SNPs. When Pv and Pm were compared for all pruned SNPs, only BMI was statistically significant (Spearman’s ρ = 0.010). Overall, SNPs with established marginal effects were overrepresented in the nominally significant part of the Pv distribution (Pbinomial <0.05). SNPs from the top 1% of the Pm distribution for BMI had more significant Pv values (PMann–Whitney = 1.46×10−5), and the odds ratio of SNPs with nominally significant (<0.05) Pm and Pv was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.57) for BMI. Moreover, BMI SNPs with nominally significant G×E interaction P-values (Pint<0.05) were enriched with nominally significant Pv values (Pbinomial = 8.63×10−9 and 8.52×10−7 for SNP × smoking and SNP × physical activity, respectively). We conclude that some loci with strong marginal effects may be good candidates for G×E, and variance-based prioritization can be used to identify them.
Modifications of the structure and magnetic properties of ceramic YCrO3 with Fe/Ni doping

In this manuscript, we have investigated the effect of Fe and Ni doping on the structure and magnetic properties of YCr1−xMxO3 ceramics (M = Fe, Ni and x = 0, 0.1). X-ray diffraction analysis of the samples accompanied with, Rietveld refinement suggested no change in the structure upon doping, with structure of the samples being orthorhombic (space group: Pnma). Raman spectroscopic analysis of the samples revealed that doping induced disorder leads to broadening of the certain Raman modes of the system. While, both B3g(5) and B1g(3) modes are broadened in Ni and Fe doped samples, in addition Fe doped samples also show broadening of B1g(4) mode. In doped samples a new mode, A1g(3) appears due to the induced lattice disorder. Temperature dependent magnetic measurements suggested a negative value of Curie–Weiss temperature (θcw) indicating that all the samples are antiferromagnetic. However, the Neel temperature (TN) increased for Fe doping and decreased with Ni doping. These changes in the Neel temperature upon doping can be correlated to the changes in the nearest neighbor and next nearest neighbor exchange interactions.
An Open Receptor-Binding Cavity of Hemagglutinin-Esterase-Fusion Glycoprotein from Newly-Identified Influenza D Virus: Basis for Its Broad Cell Tropism

Influenza viruses cause seasonal flu each year and pandemics or epidemic sporadically, posing a major threat to public health. Recently, a new influenza D virus (IDV) was isolated from pigs and cattle. Here, we reveal that the IDV utilizes 9-O-acetylated sialic acids as its receptor for virus entry. Then, we determined the crystal structures of hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion glycoprotein (HEF) of IDV both in its free form and in complex with the receptor and enzymatic substrate analogs. The IDV HEF shows an extremely similar structural fold as the human-infecting influenza C virus (ICV) HEF. However, IDV HEF has an open receptor-binding cavity to accommodate diverse extended glycan moieties. This structural difference provides an explanation for the phenomenon that the IDV has a broad cell tropism. As IDV HEF is structurally and functionally similar to ICV HEF, our findings highlight the potential threat of the virus to public health.
REVIEW ON SI AND ITS APPLICATION IN SOLAR CELLS

Silicon (Si) is the most important semiconductor of our times. This material has a huge impact on modern civilization development. It is the most used semiconductor for devices,Integrated Circuits,and Photovoltaics.With low bad gap, stable formation with oxides, established and effective purification methods, easy doping as p and n type and its ability to synthesize in nano scale, this material still has been favorite choice of the semiconductor industry. This paper reviews various phases of Si and their application especiallyin photovoltaic solar cells
MLFMA-FFT Parallel Algorithm for the Solution of Extremely Large Problems in Electromagnetics

An efficient parallel implementation of the multilevel fast multipole algorithm-fast Fourier transform (MLFMA-FFT) has been successfully used to solve an electromagnetic problem involving one billion of unknowns, which indeed becomes the largest problem solved with the surface integral-equation approach up to now. In this paper, we present a deep review of this challenging execution, focusing on the details of the parallel implementation step by step, with the aim of describing the different stages of the parallel algorithm and analyzing its overall parallel performance.
Localized high‐resolution proton NMR spectroscopy using stimulated echoes: Initial applications to human brain in vivo

Water‐suppressed localized proton NMR spectroscopy using stimulated echoes has been successfully applied to detect metabolites in the human brain in vivo. The STEAM spectroscopy sequence allows single‐step localization by exciting three intersecting slices. Water suppression is achieved by preceding chemical‐shift‐selective (CHESS) rf pulses. High‐resolution (0.05 ppm) proton NMR spectra of healthy volunteers have been obtained on a conventional 1.5‐T whole‐body MRI system (Siemens Magnetom). Volumes‐of‐interest (VOI) of 64 ml(4 × 4 × 4 cm3) were localized in the occipital area of the brain and spectra were recorded within measuring times ranging from I s (single scan) to about 10 min. The experimental procedure is described in detail. Resonance assignments include acetate, N‐acetyl aspartate, γ‐amino butyrate, glutamine, glutamate, aspartate, creatine and phosphocreatine, choline‐containing compounds, taurine, and inositols. Cerebral lactate was found to be at a maximum concentration of 0.5 mM when assuming N‐acetyl aspartate in white matter to be 6 mM. © 1989 Academic Press, Inc.
Modeling of an Electrochemical Cell

This thesis explores a rigorous approach to model the behaviour of an electrochemical cell. A simple planar electrochemical cell consisting of stainless steel electrodes separated by a sulfuric acid electrolyte layer is modeled from first principles. The model is a dynamic model and is valid under constant temperature conditions. The dynamic model is based on the Poisson-Nernst-Planck electrodiffusion theory and physical attributes such as the impact of nonlinear polarization, the stoichiometric reactions of the electrolyte and changes to the transport coefficients are investigated in stages. The system of partial differential equations has been solved using a finite element software package. The simulation results are compared with experimental results and discrepancies are discussed. The results suggest that the existing theory is not adequate in explaining the physics in the immediate vicinity of the electrode/electrolyte interface even though the general experimental and simulation results are in qualitative agreement with each other.
Detection of Illicit Network Activities Based on Multivariate Gaussian Fitting of Multi-Scale Traffic Characteristics

Methodologies that are able to accurately identify Internet attacks and intrusions are becoming vital to assure secure on-line communications. Such methodologies must be able to act under strict confidentiality restrictions, such as traffic encryption, which are increasingly used in current communication environments. Proposed approaches must be able to analyze the traffic profiles in order to determine if the network is under a security attack or not. In this paper, we propose an approach that was designed to cope with the previously mentioned restrictions and is able to perform a pseudo real-time identification of illicit traffic: by passively analyzing some statistical properties of captured IP traffic, the methodology calculates and analyses the multi-scale properties of each traffic flow in order to infer multi-dimensional probability distributions for each one of studied protocols, allowing the analysis of the correlation between the values of several dimensions. By doing this, more exact approximations are inferred, enabling the assignment of unknown traffic to the corresponding protocol and the identification of illicit flows. The results obtained prove that the proposed technique can accurately classify Internet traffic and identify illicit flows on a quasi real-time basis. Besides, the fact that the analysis is performed over statistics that were collected for each traffic flow makes it suitable for scenarios where the packet payload is not accessible.
Susceptibility and Immune Defence Mechanisms of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) against Entomopathogenic Fungal Infections

Insects infected with entomopathogenic fungi, experience physiological changes that influence their growth and immune defence. The potential of nine isolates of entomopathogenic fungi was evaluated after determining percent germination and relative conidial hydrophobicity. However, nutritional indices were evaluated after immersing eighth-instar Rhynchophorus ferrugineus larvae into each isolate suspension (1 × 107 conidia/mL). The results showed that isolates B6884 and M9374 had 44.51% and 39.02% higher conidial hydrophobicity compared with isolate I03011 (least virulent). The results of nutritional index assays revealed a significant reduction in growth indices after infection with different isolates. Compared with control, B6884 and M9374 greatly decreased larval growth by reducing the efficacy of conversion of ingested food (36%–47%) and Efficacy of conversion of digested food (50%–63%). Furthermore, only isolate B6884 induced 100% mortality within 12 days. Compared with control, isolate I03011, possessing the lowest conidial hydrophobicity, only reduced 0.29% of the efficacy of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and 0.48% of the efficacy of conversion of digested food (ECD). Similarly, transcriptomic analysis of genes related to the Red palm weevil (RPW) immune response, including pathogen recognition receptors (C-type lectin and endo-beta-1,4-glucanse), signal modulator (Serine protease-like protein), signal transductors (Calmodulin-like protein and EF-hand domain containing protein) and effectors (C-type lysozyme, Cathepsin L., Defensin-like protein, Serine carboxypeptidase, and Thaumatin-like protein), was significantly increased in larval samples infected with B6884 and M9374. These results suggest that for an isolate to be virulent, conidial hydrophobicity and germination should also be considered during pathogen selection, as these factors could significantly impact host growth and immune defence mechanisms.
A framework of stability analysis for multi-agent systems on arbitrary topology graph: Linear systems

In this paper, from the structural perspective, we propose a new stability analysis approach for the consensus of linear multi-agent systems. Different from the general tools: the Laplacian matrix based method and the Lyapunov's method, this approach treats the multi-agent system as the composition of many isolated agents, and focuses on their special input and output relationship. Through transforming the construction of a graph into a standard procedure only including three basic structures, the stability analysis is recursive and independent of the specific topology. Therefore, this approach can be used for multi-agent systems on arbitrary topology graph.
The phagosome containing Legionella pneumophila within the protozoan Hartmannella vermiformis is surrounded by the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular parasite of protozoa and human phagocytes. To examine adaptation of this bacterium to parasitize protozoa, the sequence of events of the intracellular infection of the amoeba Hartmannella vermiformis was examined. The previously described uptake phenomenon of coiling phagocytosis by human monocytes was not detected. A 1 h postinfection with wild-type strain AA100, mitochondria were observed within the vicinity of the phagosome. At 2.5 h postinfection, numerous vesicles surrounded the phagosomes and mitochondria were in close proximity to the phagosome. At 5 h postinfection, the bacterium was surrounded by a ribosome-studded multilayer membrane. Bacterial multiplication was evident by 8 h postinfection, and the phagosome was surrounded by a ribosome-studded multilayer membrane until 15 h postinfection. The recruitment of organelles and formation of the ribosome-studded phagosome was defective in an isogenic attenuated mutant of L. pneumophila (strain AA101A) that failed to replicate within amoebae. At 20 h postinfection with wild-type strain AA100, numerous bacteria were present in the phagosome and ribosome were not detected around the phagosome. These data showed that, at the ultrastructural level, the intracellular infection of protozoa by L. pneumophila is highly similar to that of infection of macrophages. Immunocytochemical studies provided evidence that at 5 h postinfection the phagosome containing L. pneumophila acquired an abundant amount of the endoplasmic reticulum-specific protein (BiP). Similar to phagosomes containing heat-killed wild-type L. pneumophila, the BiP protein was not detectable in phagosomes containing the mutant strain AA101A. In addition to the absence of ribosomes and mitochondria, the BiP protein was not detected in the phagosomes at 20 h postinfection with wild-type L. pneumophila. The data indicated that the ability of L. pneumophila to establish the intracellular infection of amoebae is dependent on its capacity to reside and multiply within a phagosome surrounded by the rough endoplasmic reticulum. This compartment may constitute a rich source of nutrients for the bacteria and is probably recognized as cellular compartment. The remarkable similarity of the intracellular infections of macrophages and protozoa by L. pneumophila strongly supports the hypothesis that adaptation of the bacterium to the intracellular environment of protozoa may be the mechanism for its ability to adapt to the intracellular environment of human alveolar macrophages and causes pneumonia.
Study of three control strategies for micro-source local load imbalance in micro-grid

The output voltage asymmetry could lead to working disorders and even damage of electronic devices. One of most common causes of micro-source three-phase output voltage asymmetry is local micro-source three-phase load imbalance. The problem of load imbalance has not yet the relatively general solution for micro-grid three-phase four-wire structure at present. In this paper, the two existing control strategies are firstly analyzed and improved, and then Sliding Mode Variable Structure Control (SMVSC) is introduced. Three control strategies are compared at last.
Training a selection function for extraction

In this paper we compare performance of several heuristics in generating informative generic/query-oriented extracts for newspaper articles in order to learn how topic prominence affects the performance of each heuristic. We study how different query types can affect the performance of each heuristic and discuss the possibility of using machine learning algorithms to automatically learn good combination functions to combine several heuristics. We also briefly describe the design, implementation, and performance of a multilingual text summarization system SUMMARIST.
An Integrated Understander

A new type of natural language parser is presented. The idea behind this parser is to map input sentences into the deepest form of the representation of their meaning and inferences, as is appropriate. The parser is not distinct from an entire understanding system. It uses an integrated conception of inferences, scripts, plans, and other knowledge to aid in the parse. Furthermore, it does not attempt to parse everything it sees. Rather, it determines what is most interesting and concentrates on that, ignoring the rest.
BUPT at TRECVID 2008

High-level feature extraction We describe our system for the task of HLF extraction in TRECVID 2008. Features at different granularities are extracted to describe visual content of keyframes, and four classifiers for each concept are trained by SVM, and different fusion strategies are used to combine final results. The brief introduction to each run is shown in the Table 1.1. Table 1.1. MAP and description of HLF
Design and dynamic modeling of electrorheological fluid-based variable-stiffness fin for robotic fish

Fish actively control their stiffness in different swimming conditions. Inspired by such an adaptive behavior, in this paper we study the design, prototyping, and dynamic modeling of compact, tunable-stiffness fins for robotic fish, where electrorheological (ER) fluid serves as the enabling element. A multi-layer composite fin with an ER fluid core is prototyped and utilized to investigate the influence of electrical field on its performance. Hamilton's principle is used to derive the dynamic equations of motion of the flexible fin, and Lighthill's large-amplitude elongated-body theory is adopted to estimate the hydrodynamic force when the fin undergoes base-actuated rotation. The dynamic equations are then discretized using the finite element method, to obtain an approximate numerical solution. Experiments are conducted on the prototyped flexible ER fluid-filled beam for parameter identification and validation of the proposed model, and for examining the effectiveness of electrically controlled stiffness tuning. In particular, it is found that the natural frequency is increased by almost 40% when the applied electric field changes from 0 to 1.5 × 10 6 V m − 1 .
Thecaphora capensis sp. nov., an unusual new anther smut on Oxalis in South Africa

The smut genus Thecaphora contains plant parasitic microfungi that typically infect very specific plant organs. In this study, we describe a new species of Thecaphora from Oxalis lanata var. rosea (Oxalidaceae) in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions based on large subunit ribosomal DNA sequence data confirmed the generic placement of the fungus and confirmed that it represents an undescribed species for which the name T. capensis sp. nov. is provided. The closest known sister species of the new taxon is T. oxalidis that infects the fruits of Oxalis spp. in Europe, Asia and the Americas. In contrast, T. capensis produces teliospores within the anthers of its host. This is the first documented case of an anther-smut from an African species of Oxalis and the first Thecaphora species described from Africa.
Financial instability analysis using ANN and feature selection technique: Application to stock market price prediction

Nowadays, Demand of forecasting stock market price is increasing at a higher rate than the ever before as more people are getting connected to the stock business. Many criteria play more or less strong inductive role over the stock market, the trend and price always keep changing here. So, it is challenging to predict exact price value. But some Data mining and Machine learning techniques can be implemented to do this challenging task to predict stock market price and trend. In this study, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used along with windowing operator; which is highly efficient for working with time series data for predicting stock market price and trend. This study is done on Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (WMT) a listed company of New York Stock Exchange. Five years historical dataset (2010–2015) is used to undertake the experiments of this study. According to the result of this study Artificial Neural Network (ANN) can produce a rational result with a small error.
Interference management in femtocell networks

Recently, smaller cells such as femtocells have been proposed to address the cellular coverage problem and provide a ‘greener’ solution to future high-speed wireless access. On the other hand, interference is a serious problem that could impact the wide deployment of femtocells. The contributions of this paper are threefold. First, we focus on the trade-off between energy efficiency and system performance. With realistic long-term evolution system parameters, we have shown that femtocells can indeed improve energy efficiency of the network. However, this comes with a price—performance degradation due to interference, which is especially severe in densely deployed scenarios. Second, we propose a proactive approach to handover and access management in femtocell systems, focusing especially on the interference issue of closed subscriber group femtocells. Third, we propose an efficient data offloading mechanism for interference mitigation and mobility management, with the aim to avoid potential interference and save radio resources and signalling load in the network. Simulation results have been presented to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed schemes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Closing the Gap on Autosomal Dominant Connexin-26 and Connexin-43 Mutants Linked to Human Disease*

Cells within the vast majority of human tissues communicate directly through clustered arrays of intercellular channels called gap junctions. Gene ablation studies in mouse models have revealed that these intercellular channels are necessary for a variety of organ functions and that some of these genes are essential for survival. Molecular genetics has uncovered that germ line mutations in nearly half of the genes that encode the 21-member connexin family of gap junction proteins are linked to one or more human diseases. Frequently, these mutations are autosomal recessive, whereas in other cases, autosomal dominant mutations manifest as disease. Given the broad and overlapping distribution of connexins in a wide arrangement of tissues, it is hard to predict where connexin-linked diseases will clinically manifest. For instance, the most prevalent connexin in the human body is connexin-43 (Cx43), yet autosomal dominant mutations in the GJA1 gene, which encodes Cx43, exhibit modest developmental disorders resulting in a disease termed oculodentodigital dysplasia. Autosomal recessive mutations in the gene encoding Cx26 result in moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss, whereas autosomal dominant mutations produce hearing loss and a wide range of skin diseases, including palmoplantar keratoderma. Here, we will focus on autosomal dominant mutations of the genes encoding Cx26 and Cx43 in relation to models that link genotypes to phenotypic outcomes with particular reference to how these approaches provide insight into human disease.