Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanics and energetics of step-to-step transitions isolated from human walking

SUMMARY We isolated step-to-step transitions from other contributors to walking mechanics using a cyclical rocking task and then examined the contribution of individual joints to the total work required to redirect the velocity of the center of mass (COM). Nine participants were instructed to rock backward and forward in the sagittal plane, eliminating the need to swing the legs and progress forward. To systematically increase the required work, we increased step length from 60 to 100% of leg length, keeping rocking frequency constant. The individual limbs method quantified the COM work and the joint power method apportioned the COM work among its various sources. As predicted by a physics-based model, we found that work in rocking was performed mainly during the step-to-step transitions and increased strongly with step length. We also found that increases in the average COM work rate exacted a proportional metabolic cost. The similar patterns of COM work and COM work rate during rocking and walking support the use of rocking to isolate the mechanics of step-to-step transitions. We found that the ankle was the main joint contributing to the positive work required to redirect the COM velocity during forward rocking. At the longest length, it accounted for 88% of the work performed by the trailing leg joints. Interestingly, the summed contribution of ankle, knee and hip joint work accounted for only 39% of the front leg negative COM work during the forward transition, suggesting that most of the collision work is performed by passive tissue.
Operational space synchronization of two robot manipulators through a virtual velocity estimate

Two robot manipulators are synchronized in a leader-follower scheme where only joint position measurements of the leader are available. A virtual manipulator is designed to provide a velocity estimate of the unknown leader velocity to the control law of the follower. The closed-loop errors are shown to be uniformly globally practically asymptotically stable.
Unrolled layered architectures for non-surjective finite alphabet iterative decoders

This paper proposes cost efficient very high throughput layered decoding architecture for array quasi-cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check (QC-LDPC) codes, targeting tens of Gbps data rates. The targeted throughput is achieved by employing layer unrolling, with pipeline stages inserted in between layers. In order to obtain improved hardware efficiency for the decoder, multiple codewords are processed simultaneously. This leads to increased memory overhead. In order to reduce the associated cost, approximate message storage using Non Surjective-Finite Alphabet Iterative Decoding (NS-FAID) compression tables is employed. Cost efficiency is achieved by hardwired interconnects, compressed message storage using the NS-FAID, as well the A Posteriori Log-Likelihood Ratio (AP-LLR) message memory removal. Several compression tables are evaluated using the Throughput to Area Ratio (TAR) metric.
Mining rich session context to improve web search

User browsing information, particularly their non-search related activity, reveals important contextual information on the preferences and the intent of web users. In this paper, we expand the use of browsing information for web search ranking and other applications, with an emphasis on analyzing individual user sessions for creating aggregate models. In this context, we introduce ClickRank, an efficient, scalable algorithm for estimating web page and web site importance from browsing information. We lay out the theoretical foundation of ClickRank based on an intentional surfer model and analyze its properties. We evaluate its effectiveness for the problem of web search ranking, showing that it contributes significantly to retrieval performance as a novel web search feature. We demonstrate that the results produced by ClickRank for web search ranking are highly competitive with those produced by other approaches, yet achieved at better scalability and substantially lower computational costs. Finally, we discuss novel applications of ClickRank in providing enriched user web search experience, highlighting the usefulness of our approach for non-ranking tasks.
MALISAM: a database of structurally analogous motifs in proteins

MALISAM (manual alignments for structurally analogous motifs) represents the first database containing pairs of structural analogs and their alignments. To find reliable analogs, we developed an approach based on three ideas. First, an insertion together with a part of the evolutionary core of one domain family (a hybrid motif) is analogous to a similar motif contained within the core of another domain family. Second, a motif at an interface, formed by secondary structural elements (SSEs) contributed by two or more domains or subunits contacting along that interface, is analogous to a similar motif present in the core of a single domain. Third, an artificial protein obtained through selection from random peptides or in sequence design experiments not biased by sequences of a particular homologous family, is analogous to a structurally similar natural protein. Each analogous pair is superimposed and aligned manually, as well as by several commonly used programs. Applications of this database may range from protein evolution studies, e.g. development of remote homology inference tools and discriminators between homologs and analogs, to protein-folding research, since in the absence of evolutionary reasons, similarity between proteins is caused by structural and folding constraints. The database is publicly available at http://prodata.swmed. edu/malisam.
Effect of Reinforcement Alignment to the Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite

Numerous applications have been proposed and demonstrated for producing align-fiber composite. However, none had stated a right procedure to align the fiber to optimize the properties of polymer matrix composite (PMC) such as its strength and water absorption property. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the best alignment of reinforcement material in order to optimize the properties of PMC in its application. In this study, woven roving fiberglass was used as the fiber and unsaturated polyester resin as its matrix material. Hand lay-up process was used to fabricate the laminated composite. The specimens were divided into four major categories with different alignment and thickness of fiber and matrix which were 5 layers bidirectional, 5 layers multidirectional, 7 layers bidirectional, and 7 layers multidirectional. Tensile test showed that bidirectional alignment was better in term of mechanical properties compared to multidirectional alignment. The 5 layers bidirectional have a higher tensile strength compared to 5 layers multidirectional. While 7 layers bidirectional have a higher tensile strength compared to 7 layers multidirectional. The modulus of elasticity of bidirectional alignment was higher than multidirectional alignment. Bidirectional alignment was better because the external tensile load was equally distributed on all the fibers and transmitted along the axis of the fibers. Whereas in case of multidirectional alignment, fiber axes was non-parallel to load axis, resulting in off axis pulling of fibers and increased stress concentration causing the earlier failure of laminates. Water absorption test showed that multidirectional alignment absorbs more quantity of water compared to bidirectional alignment. Therefore, multidirectional alignment was not suitable for underwater application such as boat, canoe and yacht. It can be concluded that, the properties of PMC depending on the alignment of reinforcement material.
Space-time hierarchical occlusion culling for micropolygon rendering with motion blur

Occlusion culling using a traditional hierarchical depth buffer, or z-pyramid, is less effective when rendering with motion blur. We present a new data structure, the tz-pyramid, that extends the traditional z-pyramid to represent scene depth values in time. This temporal information improves culling efficacy when rendering with motion blur. The tz-pyramid allows occlusion culling to adapt to the amount of scene motion, providing a balance of high efficacy with large motion and low cost in terms of depth comparisons when motion is small. Compared to a traditional z-pyramid, using the tz-pyramid for occlusion culling reduces the number of micropolygons shaded by up to 3.5x. In addition to better culling, the tz-pyramid reduces the number of depth comparisons by up to 1.4x.
Spirometry reference values for American Indian adults: results from the Strong Heart Study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To derive spirometry normative values from a large population of American Indian adults and compare them to reference values for white adults. DESIGN Pulmonary function was assessed using spirometry in participants of the Strong Heart Study, a multicenter, community-based, prospective study of cardiovascular risk factors and disease in American Indians, utilizing American Thoracic Society guidelines and a vigorous quality assurance program. SETTING Central Arizona, southwestern Oklahoma, central South Dakota, and northeastern North Dakota. PARTICIPANTS Acceptable spirometry results were obtained from 1,619 women and 1,005 men aged 45 to 74 years. RESULTS Internal reference values and normal ranges for FEV(1), FVC, and the FEV(1)/FVC ratio were derived from a healthy subgroup of 253 women and 190 men, identified by excluding participants with factors associated with a lower FEV(1). Ten percent of the entire cohort (269 of 2,624 subjects) had airways obstruction, as defined by an FEV(1)/FVC below the lower limit of the normal (LLN) using the internal reference equations. After allowing for measurement "noise," 31 participants were below the LLN using reference equations for white adults from the large National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) III study but were normal using the internal reference equations (1.3% false-positive), while 27 participants were classified as normal using NHANES III equations but had airways obstruction using the internal reference equations (1.2% false-negative). Similarly low misclassification rates were seen for a low FVC (prevalence, 17.6%). CONCLUSION For clinical purposes, NHANES III spirometry reference equations for white adults may be used when testing American Indian women and men aged 45 to 74 years.
Organization and Assembly of the TRAPPII Complex

Current models suggest that TRAPP tethering complexes exist in two forms. Whereas the seven‐subunit TRAPPI complex mediates ER‐to‐Golgi transport, TRAPPII contains three additional subunits (Trs65, Trs120 and Trs130) and is required for distinct tethering events at Golgi membranes. It is not clear how TRAPPII assembly is regulated. Here, we show that Tca17 is a fourth TRAPPII‐specific component, and that Trs65 and Tca17 interact with distinct domains of Trs130 and make different contributions to complex assembly. Whereas Tca17 promotes the stable association of TRAPPII‐specific subunits with the core complex, Trs65 stabilizes TRAPPII in an oligomeric form. We show that Trs85, which was previously reported to be a subunit of both TRAPPI and TRAPPII, is not associated with the TRAPPII complex in yeast. However, we find that proteins related to Trs85, Trs65 and Tca17 are part of the same TRAPP complex in mammalian cells. These findings have implications for models of TRAPP complex formation and suggest that TRAPP complexes may be organized differently in yeast and mammals.
Modelling Gene Expression Data using Dynamic Bayesian Networks

Recently, there has been much interest in reverse engineering genetic networks from time series data. In this paper, we show that most of the proposed discrete time models — including the boolean network model [Kau93, SS96], the linear model of D’haeseleer et al. [DWFS99], and the nonlinear model of Weaver et al. [WWS99] — are all special cases of a general class of models called Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBNs). The advantages of DBNs include the ability to model stochasticity, to incorporate prior knowledge, and to handle hidden variables and missing data in a principled way. This paper provides a review of techniques for learning DBNs.
Novel action of BAPTA series chelators on intrinsic K+ currents in rat hippocampal neurones

1 Whole‐cell recordings were made from rat CA1 neurones in brain slices. When electrodes contained diazo‐2 (2 mm) or dibromo BAPTA (1 mm) a large steady‐state outward current (hundreds of picoamps) developed within 5 min of breakthrough at a VH of −60 mV. BAPTA itself (1 mm) caused qualitatively similar but smaller effects. 2 The outward current was accompanied by increased conductance with a null potential close to the calculated K+ equilibrium potential (EK) of −110 mV. Development of outward current occurred concurrently with progressive loss of slow AHP tail current (IsAHP) evoked by brief depolarizations. The peak latency of IsAHP increased during the onset of chelator action. 3 The persistent outward current was reversibly inhibited by noradrenaline (10 μm) or isoprenaline (2–5 μm), and completely prevented by 8‐bromoadenosine 3′,5′ cyclic monophosphate (8‐Br cAMP; 100 μm) or QX‐314 (10 mm) in recording electrodes. After development of outward current, diazo‐2 photolysis caused inward current and decreased conductance. Both flash‐ and noradrenergic‐sensitive responses were inwardly rectifying outward currents with null potentials close to EK. 4 The outward current induced by dibromo BAPTA was not blocked by internal EGTA (10 mm). However, experiments incorporating Ca2+ influx or Ca2+ loading of the buffer indicate that Ca2+ facilitated the outward current. 5 The outward currents induced by dibromo BAPTA or diazo‐2 were not associated with significant changes in resting [Ca2+]i. Regions of the cell contributing to the outward current were deduced from measurements of fura‐2 diffusion. These were compared with regions of [Ca2+]i elevation during IsAHP. 6 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the BAPTA series Ca2+ buffers can activate those Ca2+‐activated K+ channels that underlie the slow AHP, without the predicted elevation of bulk [Ca2+]i. Therefore these results cannot be interpreted solely in terms of Ca2+ concentration changes, although the observations illustrate a novel, investigative role for these compounds in the study of Ca2+‐dependent processes.
Evaluation of Apparent and Absolute Supraspinatus Strength in Patients with Shoulder Injury Using the Scapular Retraction Test

Background Physical examination of patients with shoulder injury not involving actual rotator cuff tears frequently demonstrates decreased rotator cuff strength on manual muscle testing. This decrease has been attributed to supraspinatus muscle weakness, but it may be owing to alterations in scapular position. Hypothesis The position of stabilized scapular retraction, by minimizing proximal kinetic chain factors and providing a stable base of muscle origin, positively influences demonstrated supraspinatus strength. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Supraspinatus strength was tested in 20 injured patients and 10 healthy controls in both the empty-can arm position and a position of scapular retraction using a handheld dynamometer. Pain in both maneuvers was measured by use of a visual analog scale. Results Paired t tests indicated the scapular retraction position resulted in statistically significantly (P =. 001) higher supraspinatus strength values within both groups. There was no significant difference between the 2 positions in visual analog scale scores. Conclusion This study shows that demonstrated apparent supraspinatus weakness on clinical examination in symptomatic patients may be dependent on scapular position. The weakness may be owing to other factors besides supraspinatus muscle weakness, such as a lack of a stable base in the kinetic chain or scapula. Clinical Relevance The clinical examination that addresses scapular posture and includes scapular retraction will allow more accurate determination of absolute supraspinatus muscle strength and allow efficacious rehabilitation protocols to address the source of the demonstrated weakness.
Development of Anchoring Support System Using with AR Toolkit

This paper proposed ship's maneuvering support system for anchoring. When marine pilot dropped the anchor in designated area, an exact anchoring to a designated anchor position was demanded. However, exact anchoring was difficult for third grade pilot because he/she did not have experience of captain. Therefore, there was need for anchoring support system. In order to support exact anchoring, developed system showed 3D model object as a maker for anchoring position on the surface of the sea by using augmented reality. Effectiveness of the developed system was indicated with result of actual ship experiment.
Decidability Problems for Actor Systems

We introduce a nominal actor-based language and study its expressive power. We have identified the presence/absence of fields as a relevant feature: the dynamic creation of names in combination with fields gives rise to Turing completeness. On the other hand, restricting to stateless actors gives rise to systems for which properties such as termination are decidable. Such decidability result holds in actors with states when the number of actors is finite and the state is read-only.
Carotid Intima–Media Thickness and Carotid Plaques Improves Prediction of Obstructive Angiographic Coronary Artery Disease in Women

Does carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT), a surrogate marker of cardiovascular events, have predictive incremental value over established risk factors for stable coronary artery disease (CAD)? Prospective study of 300 patients, with suspected stable CAD, admitted for an elective coronary angiography and carotid ultrasound. The CAD patients had a higher cIMT, which showed a modest predictive accuracy for CAD (area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve 0.638, 95% confidence interval 0.576-0.701, P < .001). The cIMT was an independent predictor of CAD, together with age, gender, and diabetes. C-statistic for CAD prediction by traditional risk factors was not significantly different from a model that included cIMT, carotid plaque presence, or both. However, in women, it was significantly increased by the addition of cIMT or carotid plaque presence. Although cIMT cannot be used as a sole indicator of CAD, it should be considered in the panel of investigations that is requested, particularly in women who are candidates for coronary angiography.
Searcher performance in question answering

There are many tasks that require information finding. Some can be largely automated, and others greatly benefit from successful interaction between system and searcher. We are interested in the task of answering questions where some synthesis of information is required-the answer would not generally be given from a single passage of a single document. We investigate whether variation in the way a list of documents is delivered affected searcher performance in the question answering task. We will show that there is a significant difference in performance using a list customized to the task type, compared with a standard web-engine list. This indicates that paying attention to the task and the searcher interaction may provide substantial improvement in task performance.
UniNE at CLEF 2017: Author Clustering

This paper describes and evaluates an effective unsupervised author clustering and authorship linking model called SPATIUM. The suggested strategy can be adapted without any difficulty to different languages (such as Dutch, English, and Greek) in different text genres (e.g., newspaper articles and reviews). As features, we suggest using the m most frequent terms (isolated words and punctuation symbols) or the m most frequent character n-grams of each text. Applying a simple distance measure, we determine whether there is enough indication that two texts were written by the same author. The evaluations are based on 60 training and 120 test problems (PAN AUTHOR CLUSTERING task at CLEF 2017). Using the most frequent terms results in a higher clustering precision, while using the most frequent character n-grams of letters gives a higher clustering recall. An analysis to assess the variability of the performance measures indicates that we have a system working stable independent of the underlying text collection and that our parameter choices did not over-fit to the training data.
Comparison of Th‐cell Immunity Against Human Bocavirus and Parvovirus B19: Proliferation and Cytokine Responses are Similar in Magnitude but More Closely Interrelated with Human Bocavirus

Human parvovirus B19 (B19) has been, for decades, the only parvovirus known to be pathogenic in humans. Another pathogenic human parvovirus, human bocavirus (HBoV), was recently identified in respiratory samples from children with acute lower respiratory tract symptoms. Both B19 and HBoV are transmitted by the respiratory route. The vast majority of adults are IgG seropositive for HBoV, whereas the HBoV‐specific Th‐cell immunity has not much been studied. The aim of this study was to increase our knowledge on HBoV‐specific Th‐cell immunity by examining HBoV‐specific T‐cell proliferation, Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), IL‐10 and IL‐13 responses in 36 asymptomatic adults. Recombinant HBoV VP2 virus‐like particles (VLP) were used as antigen. HBoV‐specific responses were compared with those elicited by B19 VP2 VLP. Proliferation, IFN‐γ and IL‐10 responses with HBoV and B19 antigens among B19‐seropositive subjects were statistically similar in magnitude, but the cytokine and proliferation responses were much more closely correlated in HBoV than in B19. Therefore, at the collective level, B19‐specific Th‐cell immunity appears to be more divergent than the HBoV‐specific one.
Heavy-Ion Microbeam Fault Injection into SRAM-Based FPGA Implementations of Cryptographic Circuits

Transistors hit by heavy ions may conduct transiently, thereby introducing transient logic errors. Attackers can exploit these abnormal behaviors and extract sensitive information from the electronic devices. This paper demonstrates an ion irradiation fault injection attack experiment into a cryptographic field-programmable gate-array (FPGA) circuit. The experiment proved that the commercial FPGA chip is vulnerable to low-linear energy transfer carbon irradiation, and the attack can cause the leakage of secret key bits. A statistical model is established to estimate the possibility of an effective fault injection attack on cryptographic integrated circuits. The model incorporates the effects from temporal, spatial, and logical probability of an effective attack on the cryptographic circuits. The rate of successful attack calculated from the model conforms well to the experimental results. This quantitative success rate model can help evaluate security risk for designers as well as for the third-party assessment organizations.
Crawl ordering by search impact

We study how to prioritize the fetching of new pages under the objective of maximizing the quality of search results. In particular, our objective is to fetch new pages that have the most impact, where the impact of a page is equal to the number of times the page appears in the top K search results for queries, for some constant K, e.g., K = 10. Since the impact of a page depends on its relevance score for queries, which in turn depends on the page content, the main difficulty lies in estimating the impact of the page before actually fetching it. Hence, impact must be estimated based on the limited information that is available prior to fetching page content, e.g., the URL string, number of in-links, referring anchortext We formally characterize this problem and study its hardness. We leverage our formalism to design a new impact-driven crawling policy, and demonstrate its effectiveness using real world data. Our technique ensures that the crawler acquires content relevant to "tail topics" that are obscure but of interest to some users, rather than just redundantly accumulating content on popular topics.