Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphoproteomics of MAPK Inhibition in BRAF-Mutated Cells and a Role for the Lethal Synergism of Dual BRAF and CK2 Inhibition

Activating mutations in the MAPK pathway are prevalent drivers of several cancers. The chief consequence of these mutations is a hyperactive ERK1/2 MAPK able to promote cell proliferation, producing a critical hallmark of metastatic disease. The biochemistry of the ERK pathway is well characterized; however, how the pathway achieves different outcomes in the face of genetic aberrations of cancer and subsequent treatment with chemical inhibitors is not clear. To investigate this, we used mass spectrometry to complete a global phosphoproteomic analysis of a BRAFV600E thyroid cancer cell line (SW1736) after treatment with the mutation-selective inhibitor vemurafenib (PLX4032) and MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244). We identified thousands of phosphorylation events orchestrated in BRAFV600E cells and performed kinase landscape analysis to identify putative kinases regulated in response to MAPK blockade. The abundance of phosphopeptides containing consensus motifs for acidophilic kinases increased after short-term inhibition with these compounds. We showed that coinhibition of the pleiotropic acidophilic protein kinase CK2 (CK2) and BRAFV600E synergistically reduced proliferation in patient-derived melanomas and thyroid cancer cells harboring the BRAF lesion. We investigated this mechanism and show a role for CK2 in controlling AKT activation that was not reliant on changes to PTEN or PDK1 phosphorylation. These findings highlight a role for CK2 blockade in potentiating the antiproliferative effects of BRAF and MEK inhibition in BRAF cancers. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(7); 1894–906. ©2014 AACR.
Grounding Cognition: Introduction to Grounding Cognition: The Role of Perception and Action in Memory, Language, and Thinking

Fifty years of research in cognitive science have demonstrated that the study of cognition is essential for a scientific understanding of human behavior. A growing number of researchers in the field are proposing that mental processes such as remembering, thinking, and understanding language are based on the physical interactions that people have with their environment. Rather than viewing the body as a support system for amind that needs to be fueled and transported, they view the mind as a support system that facilitates the functioning of the body. By shifting the basis for mental behavior toward the body, these researchers assume that mental processes are supported by the same processes that are used for physical interactions, that is, forperceptionandaction.Cognitive structuresdevelop from perception and action. To fully understand why this idea is so exciting, we need to look at the history of cognitive science. One of the major ideas propelling the cognitive revolution was the computer metaphor, in which cognitive processes are likened to software computations (Turing, 1950). Just like software can run on different hardware systems, so can cognitive processes run independently from the hardware in which they happened to be implemented, the human brain and body. Furthermore, just as computer programs, the human mind was thought to manipulate abstract symbols in a rule-based manner. These symbols were abstract because they were not derived from interactions with the environment by way of sensory organs and effectors. Traditional cognitive theories assume that the meaning of a concept consists of the links between the abstract symbol for that concept and the abstract symbols for other concepts or for semantic features. However, this view has fundamental problems, as has been demonstrated in an increasingnumber of contributions to the literature (e.g., Barsalou, 1999; Glenberg, 1997; Pulvermuller, 1999). Two of these problems are the transduction problem (Barsalou, 1999) and the grounding problem (Harnad, 1990). The transduction problem is the problem of how perceptual experiences are
Categorical versus dimensional models of affect : a seminar on the theories of Panksepp and Russell

1. 1. Introduction: Categories, dimensions, and the problem of progress in affective science (by Zachar, Peter) 2. 2. In defense of multiple Core Affects (by Panksepp, Jaak) 3. 3. From a psychological constructionist perspective (by Russell, James A.) 4. 4. "Nature proposes.and science disposes" tertiary vs primary process approaches to emotions and affects: Commentary on Jim Russell's position (by Panksepp, Jaak) 5. 5. Preliminary comments on Panksepp (by Russell, James A.) 6. 6. Discrete emotions: From folk psychology to causal mechanisms (by Scarantino, Andrea) 7. 7. Nothing in mammalian psychology makes sense except in light of primary-process affective capacities (by Davies, Paul Sheldon) 8. 8. Lessons for affective science from a metascience of 'molecular and cellular cognition' (by Bickle, John) 9. 9. Affect as appraisal (by Leddy, Meaghan A.) 10. 10. What should theories of emotion be about? (by Averill, James R.) 11. 11. Valence, reductionism, and the ineffable: Philosophical reflections on the Panksepp-Russell debate (by Sousa, Ronald de) 12. 12. Functional and empirical presuppositions in Russell and Panksepp: Neural predispositions of affect (by Northoff, Georg) 13. 13. Comparison of affect program theories, appraisal theories, and psychological construction theories (by Moors, Agnes) 14. 14. Final remarks (by Russell, James A.) 15. 15. My reflections on commentaries and concluding perspectives (by Panksepp, Jaak) 16. 16. Concluding observations: Comparisons, contrasts, and some important convergences (by Ellis, Ralph D.) 17. Index
On the Mueller Scattering Matrix for SAR Sea Oil Slick Observation

In this letter, a fully polarimetric electromagnetic model for sea surface Mueller matrix is exploited to characterize the scattering from oil and biogenic slicks, under low-to-moderate wind conditions. The model predicts a completely different scattering mechanism for oil-covered and oil-free sea surface, while biogenic slicks are indistinguishable from sea surface in terms of polarimetric scattering. Following this theoretical rationale, a simple and very effective filtering technique is proposed for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sea oil slick observation. Experiments, accomplished over C-band multilook complex SIR-C/X-SAR data, show the effectiveness of the proposed model and the capabilities of the filter to both observe oil slicks and distinguish them from biogenic look-alikes.
Evaluation of TCP versions over GEO satellite links

In this paper an attempt to evaluate the performance of different versions of TCP over satellite link has been performed. The throughput of the protocols has been graphed and considerations have been carried out. The considered protocols can be divided in two main categories: terrestrial protocols and satellite protocols. In the terrestrial category the well performing TCP Sack protocol has been illustrated together with TCP WestWood and his modified version, TCP WestWood+, while in the satellite category Satellite Communication Transport Protocol (SCPS-TP), and Satellite Transmission Protocol (STP) have been shown and compared. The considered protocols have been analyzed on well-known satellite link: GEO satellite link. In particular, a classical GEO satellite link and a single connection between two terminals have been considered.
Mechanism of Blebbistatin Inhibition of Myosin II*

Blebbistatin is a recently discovered small molecule inhibitor showing high affinity and selectivity toward myosin II. Here we report a detailed investigation of its mechanism of inhibition. Blebbistatin does not compete with nucleotide binding to the skeletal muscle myosin subfragment-1. The inhibitor preferentially binds to the ATPase intermediate with ADP and phosphate bound at the active site, and it slows down phosphate release. Blebbistatin interferes neither with binding of myosin to actin nor with ATP-induced actomyosin dissociation. Instead, it blocks the myosin heads in a products complex with low actin affinity. Blind docking molecular simulations indicate that the productive blebbistatin-binding site of the myosin head is within the aqueous cavity between the nucleotide pocket and the cleft of the actin-binding interface. The property that blebbistatin blocks myosin II in an actin-detached state makes the compound useful both in muscle physiology and in exploring the cellular function of cytoplasmic myosin II isoforms, whereas the stabilization of a specific myosin intermediate confers a great potential in structural studies.
MST in O(1) Rounds of the Congested Clique

We present a distributed randomized algorithm finding Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) of a given graph in O(1) rounds, with high probability, in the Congested Clique model. The input graph in the Congested Clique model is a graph of n nodes, where each node initially knows only its incident edges. The communication graph is a clique with limited edge bandwidth: each two nodes (not necessarily neighbours in the input graph) can exchange $O(\log n)$ bits. As in previous works, the key part of the MST algorithm is an efficient Connected Components (CC) algorithm. However, unlike the former approaches, we do not aim at simulating the standard Boruvka algorithm, at least at initial stages of the CC algorithm. Instead, we develop a new technique which combines connected components of sample sparse subgraphs of the input graph in order to accelerate the process of uncovering connected components of the original input graph. More specifically, we develop a sparsification technique which reduces an initial CC problem in $O(1)$ rounds to its two restricted instances. The former instance has a graph with maximal degree $O(\log \log n)$ as the input -- here our sample-combining technique helps. In the latter instance, a partition of the input graph into $O(n/\log \log n)$ connected components is known. This gives an opportunity to apply previous algorithms to determine connected components in $O(1)$ rounds. Our result addresses the problem from and the $O(\log \log n)$ algorithm of Lotker et al. [SPAA 2003; SICOMP 2005], improves over previous $O(\log* n)$ algorithm of Ghaffari et al. [PODC 2016] and $O(\log \log \log n)$ algorithm of Hegeman et al. [PODC 2015] . It also determines $\Theta(1)$ round complexity in the congested clique for MST, as well as other graph problems, including bipartiteness, cut verification, s-t connectivity and cycle containment.
High-Learners Present Larger Mid-Frontal Theta Power and Connectivity in Response to Incorrect Performance Feedback

A crucial aspect of cognitive control and learning is the ability to integrate feedback, that is, to evaluate action outcomes and their deviations from the intended goals and to adjust behavior accordingly. However, how high-learners differ from low-learners in relation to feedback processing has not been characterized. Further, little is known about the underlying brain connectivity patterns during feedback processing. This study aimed to fill these gaps by analyzing electrical brain responses from healthy adult human participants while they performed a time estimation task with correct and incorrect feedback. As compared with low-learners, high-learners presented larger mid-frontal theta (4–8 Hz) oscillations and lower sensorimotor beta (17–24 Hz) oscillations in response to incorrect feedback. Further, high-learners showed larger theta connectivity from left central, associated with motor activity, to mid-frontal, associated with performance monitoring, immediately after feedback (0–0.3 s), followed by (from 0.3 to 0.6 s after feedback) a flux from mid-frontal to prefrontal, associated with executive functioning. We suggest that these results reflect two cognitive processes related to successful feedback processing: first, the obtained feedback is compared with the expected one, and second, the feedback history is updated based on this information. Our results also indicate that high- and low-learners differ not only on how they react to incorrect feedback, but also in relation to how their distant brain areas interact while processing both correct and incorrect feedback. This study demonstrates the neural underpinnings of individual differences in goal-directed adaptive behavior.
Virtual Non-Contrast CT Using Dual-Energy Spectral CT: Feasibility of Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of coronary artery calcium scoring based on three virtual noncontrast-enhanced (VNC) images derived from single-source spectral dual-energy CT (DECT) as compared with true noncontrast-enhanced (TNC) images. Materials and Methods This prospective study was conducted with the approval of our Institutional Review Board. Ninety-seven patients underwent noncontrast CT followed by contrast-enhanced chest CT using single-source spectral DECT. Iodine eliminated VNC images were reconstructed using two kinds of 2-material decomposition algorithms (material density iodine-water pair [MDW], material density iodine-calcium pair [MDC]) and a material suppressed algorithm (material suppressed iodine [MSI]). Two readers independently quantified calcium on VNC and TNC images. The Spearman correlation coefficient test and Bland-Altman method were used for statistical analyses. Results Coronary artery calcium scores from all three VNC images showed excellent correlation with those from the TNC images (Spearman's correlation coefficient [ρ] = 0.94, 0.88, and 0.89 for MDW, MDC, and MSI, respectively; p < 0.001 for all pairs). Measured coronary calcium volumes from VNC images also correlated well with those from TNC images (ρ = 0.92, 0.87, and 0.91 for MDW, MDC, and MSI, respectively; p < 0.001 for all pairs). Among the three VNC images, coronary calcium from MDW correlated best with that from TNC. The coronary artery calcium scores and volumes were significantly lower from the VNC images than from the TNC images (p < 0.001 for all pairs). Conclusion The use of VNC images from contrast-enhanced CT using dual-energy material decomposition/suppression is feasible for coronary calcium scoring. The absolute value from VNC tends to be smaller than that from TNC.
PRAGMATİZM VE EĞİTİME YANSIMALARI / PRAGMATISM AND ITS REFLECTIONS TO EDUCATION

Ozet Pragmatizm, insan icin faydali olanin temele alindigi bir felsefi dusuncedir. Egitim ise yine insanin nasil bir insan olmasi gerektigi konusunda, onun bicimlendirilme surecidir. Iste tam bu noktada egitimin nasilligim. belirleme isini kendine vazife bilen egitim felsefesi ve bu kapsamda yer alan akimlar devreye girer. Bu calismada, gunumuz egitim anlayisinda baskin bir sekilde etkili olan pragmatizm ve onun egitimdeki yansimalari uzerinde durularak etkileri aciklanmaya calisilacaktir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Pragmatizm, Egitim, Demokrasi, Demokratik Egitim, Egitim Felsefesi Abstract Pragmatism is a philosophical thought based on the basic principle of being beneficial for people. As for education, it is the training process of shaping people in hoiv people they should be. At this point, the philosophy of education, which aims to determine how an education process should be and the other schools in this context, come to the scene. This study aims to explain pragmatism that is dominantly effective on the conception of education of the age and its reflections to education. Key Words: Pragmatism, Education, Democracy, Democratic Education, Philosophy of Education
Intervention strategies to increase motivation in adaptive online learning.

One of the most difficult challenges within online learning is keeping the learner motivated so as to prevent attrition or dropout. Motivation is considered to be of primary importance in determining success in online learning. Currently little research exists on intervention strategies, based on the individual learner's profile, which increase motivation in an adaptive online learning environment, so automatic intervention is not possible. The research outlined in this thesis is based on Social Cognitive Theory and the motivational constructs of self-efficacy, goal orientation, locus of control and perceived task difficulty, all of which affect the learner's self-regulation. Using systematically constructed personas, surveys were conducted with experienced classroom and online teachers to extract and validate selection rules for intervention strategies to increase learners' motivation. The results were modelled using a decision tree algorithm with correct prediction rates showing 66% to 93% accuracy. A comparison between two algorithms was carried out to predict the level of trust in the rules and in the analysis. Based on the decision rules, a motivational strategies recommender tool, MotSaRT, was designed and evaluated. The recommender tool will be incorporated into the learner model of an adaptive Intelligent Tutoring System, enabling the system to automatically select the most suitable intervention strategy to use depending on the particular student's motivational profile. This study extends the existing body of knowledge on motivational strategies by first targeting the intervention strategies to specific profiles and then by designing an automated component for the learner model of an adaptive Intelligent Tutoring System. The adaptation component will enable the system to directly intervene when a student shows signs of becoming demotivated by delivering motivation messages to the student. It is anticipated that these messages will reduce the level of attrition currently experienced in online learning.
Pigeons, Rats, and Humans Show Analogous Misinformation

In three experiments, we show that pigeons, rats and humans can be influenced by misleading postevent information in ways analogous to findings in the human memory distortion literature. We used a delayed matching to sample analog of the eyewitness testimony procedure from Loftus et al.(1978), and varied the length of the delay between event and exposure to post event information(PEI). We also varied the nature of PEI so that it was consistent with the event information, inconsistent, or neutral. In Experiment 1, pigeons’ memory performance for colored lights was influenced by the presence of another colored light. In Experiment 2, rats’ memory performance for lever position was influenced by position-related cue lights. In Experiment 3, we verified the validity of our analog procedure by having human subjects remember kaleidoscope images. Despite differences in species and the nature of the stimuli, all three experiments replicated key findings in the literature: memory accuracy was highest when consistent PEI was presented at the end of a delay, and lowest when inconsistent PEI presented at the end of a delay interval. PEI had no effect when presented at the beginning of a delay.
Towards an Adaptive Intrusion Detection System: A Critical and Comparative Study

An intrusion detection system (IDS) that is destined to supervise an environment, must adjust itself according to every change in the environment and be handling every new attack occurrence. This feature is referred to as the adaptability. It makes the IDS a learning system in relation to its target environment, practicing an autonomous and continuous learning of new attacks. This paper develops a critical and comparative study of existing adaptive intrusion detection models. The objective of such study is to be oriented with regard to related works in the aim of building our own vision to add contribution in the IDS adaptability context.
Different purpose design strategies and techniques to improve the performance of a Dual Active Bridge with phase-shift control

This paper addresses the performance of the bidirectional Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter. One of the advantages of the DAB is the possibility to achieve Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) operation in all the switches of this converter. However, the ZVS operation range can be lost for light loads, especially if high voltage is required in at least one of the DAB ports and the phase-shift control is used to regulate the power processed by the converter. Theoretically simple averaged model is presented for the DAB converter. Using the study presented in this paper, the boundaries of ZVS operation can be easily evaluated. The proposed models and analysis of the ZVS boundaries allow the proposal and evaluation of two different design strategies with different purposes: on the one hand, increasing the ZVS operation range and, on the other, improving efficiency at full load. Moreover, some techniques are presented for increasing the ZVS operation range and improving the efficiency of the DAB at full load (both using phase-shift control) employing the aforementioned analysis to obtain certain design criteria and conclusions. Finally, the proposed models, design strategies and techniques to improve the performance of the DAB are experimentally tested using a 1kW prototype with input and output voltages of 48V and 400V, respectively.
Full-reference perceptual quality assessment for stereoscopic images based on primary visual processing mechanism

With the development of 3D technology, there is an urgent demand for accurate and efficient perceptual quality evaluation of stereoscopic images. In this paper, we propose a primary-visual-processing-mechanism-based metric (PVPM) for stereoscopic image quality assessment (SIQA). Considering binocular and monocular cells in primary visual cortex, we classify image regions into binocular and monocular ones. Inter-view difference of dominance appears in perception of binocular cells under asymmetric quality, so local quality of left and right binocular regions are weighted by stimuli strength indexes to obtain joint binocular local quality. The overall quality is generated through pooling of binocular and monocular local quality, in which visual sensitivity and region sizes are taken into account. Experimental results demonstrate that PVPM can achieve higher accuracy as well as faster speed compared to state-of-the-art SIQA metrics.
Learning and teaching the ways of knowing

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Ferroelectric Polymer Nanocomposites for Room‐Temperature Electrocaloric Refrigeration

Solution-processable ferroelectric polymer nanocomposites are developed as a new form of electrocaloric materials that can be effectively operated under both modest and high electric fields at ambient temperature. By integrating the complementary properties of the constituents, the nanocomposites exhibit state-of-the-art cooling energy densities. Greatly improved thermal conductivity also yields superior cooling power densities validated by finite volume simulations.