Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vascular Anatomy Predicts the Risk of Cerebral Ischemia in Patients Randomized to Carotid Stenting Versus Endarterectomy

Background and Purpose— Complex vascular anatomy might increase the risk of procedural stroke during carotid artery stenting (CAS). Randomized controlled trial evidence that vascular anatomy should inform the choice between CAS and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been lacking. Methods— One-hundred eighty-four patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis who were randomly assigned to CAS or CEA in the ICSS (International Carotid Stenting Study) underwent magnetic resonance (n=126) or computed tomographic angiography (n=58) at baseline and brain magnetic resonance imaging before and after treatment. We investigated the association between aortic arch configuration, angles of supra-aortic arteries, degree, length of stenosis, and plaque ulceration with the presence of ≥1 new ischemic brain lesion on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI+) after treatment. Results— Forty-nine of 97 patients in the CAS group (51%) and 14 of 87 in the CEA group (16%) were DWI+ (odds ratio [OR], 6.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9–12.4; P<0.001). In the CAS group, aortic arch configuration type 2/3 (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1–7.1; P=0.027) and the degree of the largest internal carotid artery angle (≥60° versus <60°; OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.7–10.1; P=0.002) were both associated with DWI+, also after correction for age. No predictors for DWI+ were identified in the CEA group. The DWI+ risk in CAS increased further over CEA if the largest internal carotid artery angle was ≥60° (OR, 11.8; 95% CI, 4.1–34.1) than if it was <60° (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.2–9.8; interaction P=0.035). Conclusions— Complex configuration of the aortic arch and internal carotid artery tortuosity increase the risk of cerebral ischemia during CAS, but not during CEA. Vascular anatomy should be taken into account when selecting patients for stenting. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.isrctn. com/ISRCTN25337470. Unique identifier: ISRCTN25337470.
LecT‐hepa, a glyco‐marker derived from multiple lectins, as a predictor of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients

Assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is critical for predicting disease progression and determining future antiviral therapy. LecT‐Hepa, a new glyco‐marker derived from fibrosis‐related glyco‐alteration of serum alpha 1‐acid glycoprotein, was used to differentiate cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis in a single‐center study. Herein, we aimed to validate this new glyco‐marker for estimating liver fibrosis in a multicenter study. Overall, 183 CHC patients were recruited from 5 liver centers. The parameters Aspergillus oryzae lectin (AOL) / Dature stramonium lectin (DSA) and Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL)/DSA were measured using a bedside clinical chemistry analyzer in order to calculate LecT‐Hepa levels. The data were compared with those of seven other noninvasive biochemical markers and tests (hyaluronic acid, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases‐1, platelet count, aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index [APRI], Forns index, Fib‐4 index, and Zeng's score) for assessing liver fibrosis using the receiver‐operating characteristic curve. LecT‐Hepa correlated well with the fibrosis stage as determined by liver biopsy. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of LecT‐Hepa were 0.802, 59.6%, and 89.9%, respectively, for significant fibrosis; 0.882, 83.3%, and 80.0%, respectively, for severe fibrosis; and 0.929, 84.6%, and 88.5%, respectively, for cirrhosis. AUC scores of LecT‐Hepa at each fibrosis stage were greater than those of the seven aforementioned noninvasive tests and markers. Conclusion: The efficacy of LecT‐Hepa, a glyco‐marker developed using glycoproteomics, for estimating liver fibrosis was demonstrated in a multicenter study. LecT‐Hepa given by a combination of the two glyco‐parameters is a reliable method for determining the fibrosis stage and is a potential substitute for liver biopsy. (HEPATOLOGY 2012)
Video retrieval by spatial and temporal structure of trajectories

Our goal is to enable queries about the motion of objects in a video sequence. Tracking objects in video is a difficult task, involving signal analysis, estimation and often semantic information particular to the targets. That is not our focus-rather, we assume that tracking is done, and turn to the task of representing the motion for query. The position over time of an object result in a motion trajectory, i.e., a sequence of locations. We propose a novel representation of trajectories: we use the path and speed curves as the motion representation. The path curve records the position of the object while the speed curve records the magnitude of its velocity. This separates positional information from temporal information, since position may be more important in specifying a trajectory than the actual velocity of a trajectory. Velocity can be recovered from our representation. We derive a local geometric description of the curves invariant under scaling and rigid motion. We adopt a warping method in matching so that it is roust to variation in feature vectors. We show that R-trees can be used to index the multidimensional features so that search will be efficient and scalable to a large database.
Operation and modeling of the MOS transistor

1. SEMICONDUCTORS, JUNCTIONS AND MOFSET OVERVIEW 2. THE TWO-TERMINAL MOS STRUCTURE 3. THE THREE-TERMINAL MOS STRUCTURE 4. THE FOUR-TERMINAL MOS STRUCTURE 5. MOS TRANSISTORS WITH ION-IMPLANTED CHANNELS 6. SMALL-DIMENSION EFFECTS 7. THE MOS TRANSISTOR IN DYNAMIC OPERATION - LARGE-SIGNAL MODELING 8. SMALL-SIGNAL MODELING FOR LOW AND MEDIUM FREQUENCIES 9. HIGH-FREQUENCY SMALL-SIGNAL MODELS 10.MOFSET MODELING FOR CIRCUIT SIMULATION
Exploring Gene Expression Signatures for Predicting Disease Free Survival after Resection of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases

Background and Objectives This study was designed to identify and validate gene signatures that can predict disease free survival (DFS) in patients undergoing a radical resection for their colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Methods Tumor gene expression profiles were collected from 119 patients undergoing surgery for their CRLM in the Paul Brousse Hospital (France) and the University Medical Center Utrecht (The Netherlands). Patients were divided into high and low risk groups. A randomly selected training set was used to find predictive gene signatures. The ability of these gene signatures to predict DFS was tested in an independent validation set comprising the remaining patients. Furthermore, 5 known clinical risk scores were tested in our complete patient cohort. Result No gene signature was found that significantly predicted DFS in the validation set. In contrast, three out of five clinical risk scores were able to predict DFS in our patient cohort. Conclusions No gene signature was found that could predict DFS in patients undergoing CRLM resection. Three out of five clinical risk scores were able to predict DFS in our patient cohort. These results emphasize the need for validating risk scores in independent patient groups and suggest improved designs for future studies.
Prediction-Based Quality Control for Approximate Accelerators

Approximate accelerators are an emerging type of accelerator that trade output quality for significant gains in performance and energy efficiency. Conventionally, the approximate accelerator is always invoked in lieu of a frequently executed region of code (e.g., a function in a loop). However, always invoking the accelerator results in a fixed degree of error that may not be desirable. Our core idea is to predict whether each individual accelerator invocation will lead to an undesirable quality loss in the final output. We therefore design and evaluate predictors that only leverage information local to that specific potential invocation. If the predictor speculates that a large quality degradation is likely, it directs the core to run the original precise code instead. We use neural networks as an alternative prediction mechanism for quality control that also provides a realistic reference point to evaluate the effectiveness of our table-based predictor. Our evaluation comprises a set of benchmarks with diverse error behavior. For these benchmarks a table-based predictor with eight tables each of size 0.5KB achieves 2.6× average speedup and 2.8× average energy reduction with a 5% error requirement. The neural predictor yields 4% and 17% larger performance and energy gains, respectively. On average, an idealized oracle predictor with prior knowledge about all invocations achieves only 26% more performance and 37% more energy benefits compared to the table-based predictor.
Antipain, a new protease inhibitor isolated from actinomycetes.

inhibiting chymotrypsins have been isolated. These inhibitors were found in culture filtrates of various species of actinomycetes* In this paper, the isolation and properties of antipain are reported. Antipain was found in culture nitrates of various species of actinomycetes and two strains were studied in detail: strain MB 561-C2 which resembles Streptomyces michigaensisn~n) ; strain MC829-AS1 which resembles Streptomyces yokosukanensisu~15).
How do we understand tHe actions of otHers ? by mental simulation , not mirroring

Assigning meaning to the actions of other subjects is an essential aspect of everyday social communication. A major contribution in understanding the brain mechanism supporting recognition of others’ actions was the discovery of ‘mirror neurons’, which are activated both when a monkey grasps an object and when he observes other subjects executing the same grasps. However, our recent findings indicate that the system responsible for understanding the actions of other subjects encompasses the entire brain circuitry that supports action execution, rather than just the part of cortex containing ‘mirror neurons’. These findings contradict the widely held notion 99 How Do we unDerstanD tHe actions of otHers? that ‘mirror neurons’ alone code the meaning of observed actions performed by other subjects, and instead support the theory that we decode others’ actions by activating our own action system, i.e. by mentally simulating the observed acts.
Recent Advances in General Game Playing

The goal of General Game Playing (GGP) has been to develop computer programs that can perform well across various game types. It is natural for human game players to transfer knowledge from games they already know how to play to other similar games. GGP research attempts to design systems that work well across different game types, including unknown new games. In this review, we present a survey of recent advances (2011 to 2014) in GGP for both traditional games and video games. It is notable that research on GGP has been expanding into modern video games. Monte-Carlo Tree Search and its enhancements have been the most influential techniques in GGP for both research domains. Additionally, international competitions have become important events that promote and increase GGP research. Recently, a video GGP competition was launched. In this survey, we review recent progress in the most challenging research areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI) related to universal game playing.
Role of fadR and atoC(Con) mutations in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) synthesis in recombinant pha+ Escherichia coli

Recombinant Escherichia coli fadR atoC(Con) mutants containing the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis genes from Alcaligenes eutrophus are able to incorporate significant levels of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) into the copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)]. We have used E. coli fadR (FadR is a negative regulator of fatty acid oxidation) and E. coli atoC(Con) (AtoC is a positive regulator of fatty acid uptake) mutants to demonstrate that either one of these mutations alone can facilitate copolymer synthesis but that 3HV levels in single mutant strains are much lower than in the fadR atoC(Con) strain. E. coli atoC(Con) mutants were used alone and in conjunction with atoA and atoD mutants to determine that the function of the atoC(Con) mutation is to increase the uptake of propionate and that this uptake is mediated, at least in part, by atoD+. Similarly, E. coli fadR mutants were used alone and in conjunction with fadA, fadB, and fadL mutants to show that the effect of the fadR mutation is dependent on fadB+ and fadA+ gene products. Strains that were mutant in the fadB or fadA locus were unable to complement a PHA biosynthesis pathway that was mutant at the phaA locus (thiolase), but a strain containing a fadR mutation and which was fadA+ fadB+ was able to complement the phaA mutation and incorporated 3HV into P(3HB-co-3HV) to a level of 29 mol%.
Multidomain Verification of Dynamic Signatures Using Local Stability Analysis

This paper presents a new approach for online signature verification that exploits the potential of local stability information in handwritten signatures. Different from previous models, this approach classifies a signature using a multidomain strategy. A signature is first split into different segments based on the stability model of a signer. Then, according to the stability model, for each segment, the most profitable domain of representation for verification purposes is detected. In the verification stage, the authenticity of each segment of the unknown signature is evaluated in the most profitable domain of representation. The authenticity of the unknown signature is then determined by combining local verification decisions. The study was carried out on the signatures in the SUSIG database, and the experimental results, thus, obtained confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, when compared with others in the literature.
Patch-Based Stereo in a General Binocular Viewing Geometry

This paper presents a one-stage stereo algorithm that yields 3D planar surface patches directly from matching image patch intensity information. The method allows an arbitrary rotation and translation between the cameras; it is not limited to parallel-axis, narrow-baseline, or vergent geometries. The key to the approach is to match image patches that have positions, shapes, sizes, orientations, and samplings consistent with a hypothesized surface patch and with each other. The match error then reflects only the mismatch of patch contents and not the mismatch of patch geometries or samplings. The algorithm is quantitatively evaluated against ground truth on real images with difficult viewing geometries, and demonstrates an average accuracy of about 1% in estimating surface depths and 10/spl deg/ in estimating surface normals.
Absolute total cross section measurements from 1 to 250 eV

Electron-scattering absolute total cross sections for tungsten hexafluoride (WF 6) and hexafluorethane (C 2F6) molecules have been measured in a linear transmission electron-beam experiment within the impact energy range from about 1 to 250 eV. For electron scattering from WF6 the cross section shows a prominent resonant-like peak centred at 3 eV and a very broad enhancement in the energy range between 20 and 70 eV overlaid with some much less pronounced features. The cross section for C 2F6 has two resonant structures at 5 and 9 eV, respectively, and a very broad hump ranging from 20 to 60 eV with a distinct shoulder near 20 eV. Comparison of the e−–C2F6 total cross section with available low-energy data from other experiments is made. The effect of fluorination is indicated.
β-Arrestins Regulate Interleukin-8-induced CXCR1 Internalization*

The functional role of neutrophils during acute inflammatory responses is regulated by two high affinity interleukin-8 receptors (CXCR1 and CXCR2) that are rapidly desensitized and internalized upon binding their cognate chemokine ligands. The efficient re-expression of CXCR1 on the surface of neutrophils following agonist-induced internalization suggests that CXCR1 surface receptor turnover may involve regulatory pathways and intracellular factors similar to those regulating β2-adrenergic receptor internalization and re-expression. To examine the internalization pathway utilized by ligand-activated CXCR1, a CXCR1-GFP construct was transiently expressed in two different cell lines, HEK 293 and RBL-2H3 cells. While interleukin-8 stimulation promoted CXCR1 sequestration in RBL-2H3 cells, receptor internalization in HEK 293 cells required co-expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and β-arrestin proteins. The importance of β-arrestins in CXCR1 internalization was confirmed by the ability of a dominant negative β-arrestin 1-V53D mutant to block internalization of CXCR1 in RBL-2H3 cells. A role for dynamin was also demonstrated by the lack of CXCR1 internalization in dynamin I-K44A dominant negative mutant-transfected RBL-2H3 cells. Agonist-promoted co-localization of transferrin and CXCR1-GFP in endosomes of RBL-2H3 cells confirmed that receptor internalization occurs via clathrin-coated vesicles. Our data provides a direct link between agonist-induced internalization of CXCR1 and a requirement for G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, β-arrestins, and dynamin during this process.
A Small-Molecule Screen Identifies l-Kynurenine as a Competitive Inhibitor of TAA1/TAR Activity in Ethylene-Directed Auxin Biosynthesis and Root Growth in Arabidopsis[C][W]

In this work, Kyn is identified as an auxin biosynthesis inhibitor that effectively and selectively targets TAA1-like Trp aminotransferases. Moreover, it describes a previously undiscovered positive feedback loop between auxin biosynthesis and ethylene signaling pathways in roots. The interactions between phytohormones are crucial for plants to adapt to complex environmental changes. One example is the ethylene-regulated local auxin biosynthesis in roots, which partly contributes to ethylene-directed root development and gravitropism. Using a chemical biology approach, we identified a small molecule, l-kynurenine (Kyn), which effectively inhibited ethylene responses in Arabidopsis thaliana root tissues. Kyn application repressed nuclear accumulation of the ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) transcription factor. Moreover, Kyn application decreased ethylene-induced auxin biosynthesis in roots, and TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1/TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATEDs (TAA1/TARs), the key enzymes in the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway of auxin biosynthesis, were identified as the molecular targets of Kyn. Further biochemical and phenotypic analyses revealed that Kyn, being an alternate substrate, competitively inhibits TAA1/TAR activity, and Kyn treatment mimicked the loss of TAA1/TAR functions. Molecular modeling and sequence alignments suggested that Kyn effectively and selectively binds to the substrate pocket of TAA1/TAR proteins but not those of other families of aminotransferases. To elucidate the destabilizing effect of Kyn on EIN3, we further found that auxin enhanced EIN3 nuclear accumulation in an EIN3 BINDING F-BOX PROTEIN1 (EBF1)/EBF2-dependent manner, suggesting the existence of a positive feedback loop between auxin biosynthesis and ethylene signaling. Thus, our study not only reveals a new level of interactions between ethylene and auxin pathways but also offers an efficient method to explore and exploit TAA1/TAR-dependent auxin biosynthesis.
Effect of Wet Etching Parameter on the Diameter and Length of Silicon Nanowires

A wet etching method for preparing silicon nanowires on silicon substrates at near room temperature is presented. The effect of experiment parameter on the silver nanoparticle forming including concentration of AgNO3, immersing time and solution temperature, and the effect of etching time on the length of silicon nanowires are investigated. It is concluded that solution temperature has more impact to diameter of silicon nanowires than concentration of AgNO3 and immersing time and longer etching time may result in longer silicon nanowires.
Specialized Storage for Big Numeric Time Series

Numeric time series data has unique storage requirements and access patterns that can benefit from specialized support, given its importance in Big Data analyses. Popular frameworks and databases focus on addressing other needs, making them a suboptimal fit. This paper describes the support needed for numeric time series, suggests an architecture for efficient time series storage, and illustrates its potential for satisfying key requirements.
Transcriptional precision and accuracy in development: from measurements to models and mechanisms

During development, genes are transcribed at specific times, locations and levels. In recent years, the emergence of quantitative tools has significantly advanced our ability to measure transcription with high spatiotemporal resolution in vivo. Here, we highlight recent studies that have used these tools to characterize transcription during development, and discuss the mechanisms that contribute to the precision and accuracy of the timing, location and level of transcription. We attempt to disentangle the discrepancies in how physicists and biologists use the term ‘precision' to facilitate interactions using a common language. We also highlight selected examples in which the coupling of mathematical modeling with experimental approaches has provided important mechanistic insights, and call for a more expansive use of mathematical modeling to exploit the wealth of quantitative data and advance our understanding of animal transcription. Summary: This Review highlights how high-resolution quantitative tools and theoretical models have formed our current view of the mechanisms determining precision and accuracy in the timing, location and level of transcription in the Drosophila embryo.
Effects of Treatment with Antiepileptic Drugs on Serum Lipid Profile in Epileptic Children

The effect of antiepileptic drug (AED) Therapy on serum Lipids and Lipoproteins was studied in 40 freshly diagnosed epileptic children compared with 20 normal children. The patients receiving valproate (VPA) had lower serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density Lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and higher high–density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) than controls. The patients receiving carbamazepine (CBZ), phenobarbital (PB), and phenytoin (PHT) showed significant increase in serum levels of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C. CBZ also caused significant increase in triglycerides and VLDL-C levels. The results may be explained by the different biotransformation pathway of these drugs. We recommended monitoring of serum Lipid and lipoprotein levels in children receiving CBZ, PB, and PHT and prescription of diet treatment, at least during the time of AED therapy.