Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CatStream: categorising tweets for user profiling and stream filtering

Real-time information streams such as Twitter have become a common way for users to discover new information. For most users this means curating a set of other users to follow. However, at the moment the following granularity of Twitter is restricted to the level of individual users. Our research has highlighted that many following relationships are motivated by a subset of interests that are shared by the users in question. For example, user A might follow user B because of their technology related tweets, but shares little or no interest in their other tweets. As a result, this all-or-nothing following relationship can quickly overwhelm users' timelines with extraneous information. To improve this situation we propose a user profiling approach based on the topical categorisation of users' posted URLs. These topics can then be used to filter information streams so that they focus on more relevant information from the people they follow, based on their core interests. In particular, we present a system called CatStream that provides for a more fine-grained way to follow users on specific topics and filter our timelines accordingly. We present the results of a live-user study that shows how filtered timelines offer a better way to organise and filter their information streams. Most importantly users are generally satisfied with the categories predicted for their profiles and tweets.
An effective multi-stage background generation algorithm

In this paper we present a new background generation algorithm and show experimental results aimed at assessing its performance comparatively with respect to two other representative approaches. The algorithm is able to extract a stationary background from a short bootstrap sequence in which moving objects can also be present. The method works with pixel-wise temporal statistics and consists of three subsequent stages. The first two try to isolate for each pixel the stationary background process from the possible foreground processes due to the moving objects covering the pixel, thus voting the background process temporal median as the good background value. The third stage completes the background generation by means of a non-parametric statistical model of the temporal camera noise, inferred from the statistics computed in the previous stage.
A Food and Drug Administration–Approved Antiviral Agent that Inhibits Adenylyl Cyclase Type 5 Protects the Ischemic Heart Even When Administered after Reperfusion

A Food and Drug Administration–approved antiviral agent, known as vidarabine or adenine 9-β-D-arabinofuranoside (AraA), has features of inhibiting adenylyl cyclase type 5 (AC5) and protects against chronic coronary artery occlusion (CAO). The goal of this investigation was to determine whether AraA protects against myocardial ischemia, even when delivered after coronary artery reperfusion (CAR). AraA, delivered after CAR in wild-type mice, reduced infarct size by 55% compared with vehicle-treated controls, whereas an equal dose of adenosine reduced infarct size only when administered before CAR. A 5-fold greater dose of adenosine was required to reduce infarct size when delivered after CAR, which also reduced arterial pressure by 15%, whereas AraA did not affect pressure. The reduction in infarct size with AraA was prevented by a MEK/extracellular signal–regulated kinase blocker, a pathway also involved in the mechanism of protection of the AC5 knockout (KO) model. Infarct size was also reduced in cardiac-specific AC5 KO mice similarly in the presence and absence of AraA, further suggesting that AraA protection involves the AC5 pathway. AraA reduced infarct size in chronically instrumented conscious pigs when delivered after CAR, and in this model, it also reduced post-CAR coronary hyperemia, which could be another mechanism for cardioprotection (i.e., by reducing oxidative stress during CAR). Thus, AraA inhibits AC5 and exhibits unique cardioprotection when delivered after CAR, which is critical for clinical translation.
Transition-Based Dependency Parsing With Pluggable Classifiers

In principle, the design of transition-based dependency parsers makes it possible to experiment with any general-purpose classifier without other changes to the parsing algorithm. In practice, however, it often takes substantial software engineering to bridge between the different representations used by two software packages. Here we present extensions to MaltParser that allow the drop-in use of any classifier conforming to the interface of the Weka machine learning package, a wrapper for the TiMBL memory-based learner to this interface, and experiments on multilingual dependency parsing with a variety of classifiers. While earlier work had suggested that memory-based learners might be a good choice for low-resource parsing scenarios, we cannot support that hypothesis in this work. We observed that support-vector machines give better parsing performance than the memory-based learner, regardless of the size of the training set.
Parsumist: A Persian text summarizer

The rapid growth of online information services causes the problem of information explosion. Automatic text summarization techniques are essential for dealing with this problem. The process of compacting a source document to reduce complexity and length, retaining the most important information is called text summarization. This paper introduces PARSUMIST; a text summarization system for Persian documents. It can generate generic or topic /query-driven extract summaries for single or multiple Persian documents, using a combination of statistical, semantic and heuristic improved methods. In this paper we will first review the related works in this field and especially in Persian text summarization. Then we will present the architecture of PARSUMIST, its components and its features. The last section will evaluate the system and compare it to other existing ones.
Harnessing Free External Resources: Evidence from the Open Source Field

The present study employs a knowledge-based view of the firm, within the larger framework of the resource-based theory, and gathers insights from social exchange theory to investigate how firms might influence the deployment of free resources by entities external to them. The authors use data from 109 open source software projects involving 110 firms to test hypotheses about whether firm-controlled resources affect the provision of free resources by external entities. The results suggest that firms can increase the external resource base, in the form of unpaid programmers, by increasing the number of paid programmers they deploy to a project. However, attempts to increase control by increasing the number of paid project leaders appears to detrimentally affect the number of unpaid programmers. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for information science and management research, as well as some intended next research steps.
Genetic Architecture Promotes the Evolution and Maintenance of Cooperation

When cooperation has a direct cost and an indirect benefit, a selfish behavior is more likely to be selected for than an altruistic one. Kin and group selection do provide evolutionary explanations for the stability of cooperation in nature, but we still lack the full understanding of the genomic mechanisms that can prevent cheater invasion. In our study we used Aevol, an agent-based, in silico genomic platform to evolve populations of digital organisms that compete, reproduce, and cooperate by secreting a public good for tens of thousands of generations. We found that cooperating individuals may share a phenotype, defined as the amount of public good produced, but have very different abilities to resist cheater invasion. To understand the underlying genetic differences between cooperator types, we performed bio-inspired genomics analyses of our digital organisms by recording and comparing the locations of metabolic and secretion genes, as well as the relevant promoters and terminators. Association between metabolic and secretion genes (promoter sharing, overlap via frame shift or sense-antisense encoding) was characteristic for populations with robust cooperation and was more likely to evolve when secretion was costly. In mutational analysis experiments, we demonstrated the potential evolutionary consequences of the genetic association by performing a large number of mutations and measuring their phenotypic and fitness effects. The non-cooperating mutants arising from the individuals with genetic association were more likely to have metabolic deleterious mutations that eventually lead to selection eliminating such mutants from the population due to the accompanying fitness decrease. Effectively, cooperation evolved to be protected and robust to mutations through entangled genetic architecture. Our results confirm the importance of second-order selection on evolutionary outcomes, uncover an important genetic mechanism for the evolution and maintenance of cooperation, and suggest promising methods for preventing gene loss in synthetically engineered organisms.
The Benefit and Safety of Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

Background: Although aspirin is effective in the secondary prevention of stroke among men and women, its use in primary prevention remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized trials to evaluate the benefit and safety of aspirin for the primary prevention of ischemic stroke. Methods: We searched three electronic databases (Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase) for articles published before August 1st, 2016. Randomized trials reporting the effect of aspirin on the primary prevention of ischemic stroke and its side effects (hemorrhagic stroke and severe gastrointestinal bleeding) were included. We used a fixed-effect model to quantify the effect of aspirin on the primary prevention of stroke when the heterogeneity was low, or else applied the random-effect model. Results: Fourteen randomized trials were included. Overall, aspirin use was associated with a decreased risk of ischemic stroke compared with non-aspirin use (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74–0.93, P = 0.45). In subgroup analyses, the effect of aspirin on ischemic stroke in apparently healthy adults remained significant (OR: 0.83, 95% confidence interval: 0.74–0.94, I2 = 22%, P = 0.28); while in patients with cardiovascular diseases there was no difference in the risk of ischemic stroke between aspirin and non-aspirin groups (OR: 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.44–1.29, P = 0.46). As for adverse effects, the prophylactic use of aspirin potentially increased the risk of serious bleeding events in a population of apparently healthy individuals and in patients with previous cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: This meta-analysis of randomized trials indicated that both the apparently healthy adults and patients with cardiovascular diseases will derive little protective benefit from aspirin considering the increased risk of severe bleeding events.
Reverse Engineering to the Architectural Level

Recovery of higher level "design" information and the ability to create dynamic, task adaptable software documentation is crucial to supporting a number of program understanding activities. This paper presents research that demonstrates that reverse engineering technology can be used to recover software architecture representations of source code. We have developed a framework that integrates reverse engineering technology and architectural style representations. Using the framework, analysts can recover custom, dynamic documentation to fit a variety of software analysis requirements. Our goal is to establish coherent abstractions appropriate for helping analysts to understand large software systems. We discuss a code coverage metric useful for assessing the degree of program understanding achieved.
Language Differences or Learning Difficulties

States from Mexico and was placed in Ms. Shannon’s fourthgrade class where she sat quietly at her desk and kept to herself. Whenever directions were given, she seemed lost and later had difficulty completing tasks and participating in class discussions. During teacher-directed activities, Maria often either looked around to see what her classmates were doing and then mimicked them, or played with materials at her desk. Ms. Shannon was concerned about Maria’s lack of progress in developing English proficiency and her inability to pay attention and complete her work. Ms. Shannon thought Maria might have a learning disability and referred her to the multidisciplinary team to determine if she needed special education. The team organized the assessment process for Maria by considering the following questions:
Global versus modular link prediction approach for discapnet: Website focused to visually impaired people

Web personalization becomes essential in industries and specially for the case of users with special needs such as visually impaired people. Adaptation may very much speed up the navigation of visually impaired people and contribute to diminish the existing technological gap. This work is the first stage of a web mining process carried out in discapnet: a website created to promote the social and work integration of people with disabilities where slow navigation has been detected. Based on observation in-use where behaviours emerge applying a web mining process to server log data, we designed a system to generate user navigation profiles and adapt to the web site through link prediction. Two approaches for user profiling were implemented: a global system built based on the complete database and a modular approach carried out discovering the navigation profiles within different zones. Although both approaches are effective, the modular approach outperforms. When 25% of the navigation of the new user has happened the designed system is able to propose a set of links where nearly 60% of them (2 out of 3) is among the ones the new user will be using in the future. This will definitely make the navigation easier saving a lot of time.
Biosynthesis and regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in brain

Els esteroides sintetitzats en el sistema nervios s'han anomenat neuroesteroides perque es creu que estan dirigits a actuar exclusivament en les cell. ules del cervell. Utilitzant com a model les vies esteroidogeniques definides en els teixits endocrins periferics, s'ha demostrat que les cell. ules glials del cervell poden convertir el colesterol en pregnenolona, que es el precursor d'una serie d'esteroides moduladors de les funcions neuronals, com es la dihidroepiandrosterona (DHEA), un dels esteroides neuroactius principals sintetitzats en el cervell. Nogensmenys, les dades obtingudes fins avui no aporten elements clau de l'existencia d'aquesta via en el cervell, tals com l'activitat 17α-hidroxilasa/17-20-liasa citocrom P450 (CYP17) responsable de la formacio de DHEA en els teixits periferics. Aixo suggereix l'existencia d'una via diferent, especifica de cell. ula cerebral, per a la sintesi de DHEA. El present manuscrit vol revisar els esforcos per explorar i caracteritzar el mecanisme de sintesi i regulacio del neuroesteroide DHEA. El nostre objectiu a llarg termini es comprendre les bases neuroquimiques de la biosintesi esferoidal en el cervell. Durant els darrers anys, hem aportat evidencia de l'existencia d'una via alternativa de la biosintesi de DHEA nova, especifica de cervell i independent de CYP17. Tanmateix, hem demostrat que la formacio de la DHEA en el cervell esta regulada per l'estres oxidatiu, i desencadenada pel ferro i el peptid β-amiloide tant in vitro com in vivo. En conclusio, aquestes dades suggereixen l'existencia d'una via especifica cerebral per a la biosintesi de DHEA.
Phenomenological Interpretation of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason

The text of Martin Heidegger's 1927-28 university lecture course on Emmanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason presents a close interpretive reading of the first two parts of this masterpiece of modern philosophy. In this course, Heidegger continues the task he enunciated in Being and Time as the problem of dismatling the history of ontology, using temporality as a clue. Within this context the relation between philosophy, ontology, and fundamental ontology is shown to be rooted in the genesis of the modern mathematical sciences. Heidegger demonstrates that objectification of beings as beings is inseparable from knowledge a priori, the central problem of Kant's Critique. He concludes that objectification rests on the productive power of imagination, a process that involves temporality, which is the basic constitution of humans as beings.
Forgiveness of others and self-forgiveness In the context of interpersonal conflict

An integrative model of interpersonal conflict and forgiveness was proposed, and a small number of the relationships within the model were tested. The expectation was that for participants who reported an interpersonal conflict with a family member or friend the interaction ofbeing able to forgive the other in the conflict (other-forgiveness), being able to forgive self in the conflict (self-forgiveness), and intensity of the conflict would predict personal resolution. Results indicated strong relationships between the main effects ofotherforgiveness and self-forgiveness and personal resolution but no interaction effect. It was also expected that either high levels ofother-forgiveness or self-forgiveness alone would predict false forgiveness. This was also not supported. Different post-hoc results were found for both personal resolution and false forgiveness hypotheses based on who the other party to the conflict was (family or friend) and intensity of selfor other. The presence ofrelationships, although not as hypothesized, lent support for leaving all of the tested variables in the model. The need to reframe measures ofrelevant variables was also expressed.
Making sense of cilia in disease: The human ciliopathies

Ubiquitous in nature, cilia and flagella comprise nearly identical structures with similar functions. The most obvious example of the latter is motility: driving movement of the organism or particle flow across the epithelial surface in fixed structures. In vertebrates, such motile cilia are evident in the respiratory epithelia, ependyma, and oviducts. For over a century, non‐motile cilia have been observed on the surface of most vertebrate cells but until recently their function has eluded us. Gathering evidence now points to critical roles for the mono‐cilium in sensing the extracellular environment, and perturbation of this function gives rise to a predictable panoply of clinical problems. We review the common clinical phenotypes associated with ciliopathies and interrogate Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) to compile a comprehensive list of putative disorders in which ciliary dysfunction may play a role. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Additive Latent Feature Model for Transparent Object Recognition

Existing methods for visual recognition based on quantized local features can perform poorly when local features exist on transparent surfaces, such as glass or plastic objects. There are characteristic patterns to the local appearance of transparent objects, but they may not be well captured by distances to individual examples or by a local pattern codebook obtained by vector quantization. The appearance of a transparent patch is determined in part by the refraction of a background pattern through a transparent medium: the energy from the background usually dominates the patch appearance. We model transparent local patch appearance using an additive model of latent factors: background factors due to scene content, and factors which capture a local edge energy distribution characteristic of the refraction. We implement our method using a novel LDA-SIFT formulation which performs LDA prior to any vector quantization step; we discover latent topics which are characteristic of particular transparent patches and quantize the SIFT space into transparent visual words according to the latent topic dimensions. No knowledge of the background scene is required at test time; we show examples recognizing transparent glasses in a domestic environment.
A Readout Mechanism for Latency Codes

Response latency has been suggested as a possible source of information in the central nervous system when fast decisions are required. The accuracy of latency codes was studied in the past using a simplified readout algorithm termed the temporal-winner-take-all (tWTA). The tWTA is a competitive readout algorithm in which populations of neurons with a similar decision preference compete, and the algorithm selects according to the preference of the population that reaches the decision threshold first. It has been shown that this algorithm can account for accurate decisions among a small number of alternatives during short biologically relevant time periods. However, one of the major points of criticism of latency codes has been that it is unclear how can such a readout be implemented by the central nervous system. Here we show that the solution to this long standing puzzle may be rather simple. We suggest a mechanism that is based on reciprocal inhibition architecture, similar to that of the conventional winner-take-all, and show that under a wide range of parameters this mechanism is sufficient to implement the tWTA algorithm. This is done by first analyzing a rate toy model, and demonstrating its ability to discriminate short latency differences between its inputs. We then study the sensitivity of this mechanism to fine-tuning of its initial conditions, and show that it is robust to wide range of noise levels in the initial conditions. These results are then generalized to a Hodgkin-Huxley type of neuron model, using numerical simulations. Latency codes have been criticized for requiring a reliable stimulus-onset detection mechanism as a reference for measuring latency. Here we show that this frequent assumption does not hold, and that, an additional onset estimator is not needed to trigger this simple tWTA mechanism.
Kinetic bacterial bioluminescence assay for contact sediment toxicity testing: Relationships with the matrix composition and contamination

The present study represents the first broader evaluation of the rapid 30‐s kinetic bioluminescence assay with Vibrio fisheri (microplate format modification) for contact toxicity testing of whole sediments. The present study focused on river sediments from the Morava River basin, Czech Republic, repeatedly sampled during 2005 to 2006 and analyzed for geological and geochemical parameters, content of toxic metals, major organic pollutants, and toxicity. High natural variation in toxicity (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] values ranging from 0.8 to >80 mg sediment dry wt/ml) was found (among different sampling periods and years, among sites), and this could be related to the sediment dynamics affected by spring high flows and summer droughts. From the 46 sediment descriptors, exchangeable protons (H+) was the only parameter that consistently correlated with toxicity. Three other descriptors (i.e., content of organic carbon plus two parameters from the detailed silicate analysis of sediments: percentage of SO3 representing total sulfur content, structural water H2O+) also significantly correlated with toxicity. There were only minor and variable correlations with contamination. We propose sediment safety guideline categories for the V. fisheri kinetic test with severe toxicity threshold of IC50 < 1 mg dry wt/ml. Although sediments are considered a rather stable matrix in comparison with river water, we confirmed high variability and dynamics that should be reflected in monitoring plans and field studies. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:507–514. © 2009 SETAC