Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chromatographic Separation and Identification of Some Peptides in Partial Hydrolysates of Gelatin.

Recently we have been engaged in a study of the chemical structure of collagen and gelatin with the object of determining the sequence of the amino acid residues in the polypeptide chains of these proteins. In the course of this study we have made considerable progress in the chromatographic analysis of complex mixtures of peptides and we have isolated and identified several simple peptides which occur in partial hydrolysates of gelatin. The initial separation of the mixture into zones of one or more peptides has been made on a column of ion exchange resin; further separation of the peptides in each zone has been achieved by chromatographing in the form of dinitrophenyl (DNP) peptides on columns of silicic acid-Celite. It is to be hoped that the particular combination of chromatographic methods which has been successfully used in the present study will be helpful in the resolution of the complex mixtures which result from the partial hydrolysis of other proteins.
Phosphorylation of the Menin Tumor Suppressor Protein on Serine 543 and Serine 583

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) is a heritable syndrome typified by tumors in multiple endocrine organs, including the pituitary, parathyroids, and pancreatic islets. MEN-1 is attributable to mutations in the MEN1 tumor-suppressor gene that encodes the menin protein. Recent studies have implicated menin in transcriptional regulation and in covalent histone modification; however, little is known about modifications of the menin protein. Here, we report that menin is subject to phosphorylation on serine residues, including Ser543 and Ser583. Phosphorylation-defective mutants of either or both of these residues retain the associated histone methyltransferase activity of menin, as well as binding to the trithorax complex members Ash2L, Rbbp5, and MLL2 and to RNA polymerase II. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that binding of menin to the Hoxc8 locus is not affected by phosphorylation on Ser543 or Ser583. (Mol Cancer Res 2006;4(10):793–801)
Energy Taxis Is the Dominant Behavior in Azospirillum brasilense

ABSTRACT Energy taxis encompasses aerotaxis, phototaxis, redox taxis, taxis to alternative electron acceptors, and chemotaxis to oxidizable substrates. The signal for this type of behavior is originated within the electron transport system. Energy taxis was demonstrated, as a part of an overall behavior, in several microbial species, but it did not appear as the dominant determinant in any of them. In this study, we show that most behavioral responses proceed through this mechanism in the alpha-proteobacterium Azospirillum brasilense. First, chemotaxis to most chemoeffectors typical of the azospirilla habitat was found to be metabolism dependent and required a functional electron transport system. Second, other energy-related responses, such as aerotaxis, redox taxis, and taxis to alternative electron acceptors, were found in A. brasilense. Finally, a mutant lacking a cytochromec oxidase of the cbb3 type was affected in chemotaxis, redox taxis, and aerotaxis. Altogether, the results indicate that behavioral responses to most stimuli inA. brasilense are triggered by changes in the electron transport system.
Suicide Rates and Risk Factors among Korean Cancer Patients, 1993-2005

Background: As the number of cancer survivors increases, suicide risk approaches that of the general population. We therefore investigated suicide rates and risk factors among Korean cancer patients. Methods: We observed 816,295 cancer patients for 3,007,294 person-years from 1993 to 2005 through a nationwide cancer registry. We calculated their sex- and age-standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and studied suicide risk factors using rate ratios (RR) based on a log-linear Poisson regression model. Results: Compared with the Korean general population, the suicide rate among cancer patients was high [SMR, 2.00; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.91-2.08]. The rates were highest in the year following the cancer diagnosis (SMR, 3.45; 95% CI, 3.19-3.73) and were still elevated 5 years later (SMR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12-1.36). The clinical groups at highest risk were male pancreas cancer patients (SMR, 6.01; 95% CI, 4.33-8.33) and female lung cancer patients (SMR, 3.55; 95% CI, 2.55-4.94). The sociodemographic groups at highest risk were those who had no spouse versus those who were married (RR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.35-1.68), those who were not employed versus those who were (RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.26-1.54), and those who did not have high school education versus those who had (RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.30-1.79). Conclusions: Korean cancer patients are at increased risk of suicide. Both clinical and sociodemographic factors play a role. Impact: There is a need for social support and suicide prevention strategies for cancer survivors in Korea. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 2097–105. ©2010 AACR.
Proteomic Analysis Reveals Different Protein Changes during Endothelin-1- or Leukemic Inhibitory Factor-induced Hypertrophy of Cardiomyocytes in Vitro*

Proteomic analyses are being increasingly used to identify protein changes accompanying changes in cellular function. An advantage of this approach is that it is largely unbiased by prior assumptions on the importance of each protein in the process under investigation. Here we have evaluated the protein changes that accompany the enlargement, or hypertrophy, of cardiomyocytes in culture. We have taken the additional step of comparing the changes that accompany a concentric hypertrophic phenotype stimulated by endothelin-1 exposure and an eccentric hypertrophic phenotype stimulated by leukemic inhibitory factor exposure. Following separation of the protein extracts by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and staining with colloidal Coomassie Brilliant Blue, we identified 15 protein spots representing 12 proteins that changed in response to endothelin-1. In comparison, 17 protein spots representing 17 proteins changed in response to leukemic inhibitory factor, and 35 protein spots representing 28 proteins did not change under these conditions. Importantly the well established marker of cardiac pathology, atrial natriuretic factor, was identified as a protein up-regulated by both endothelin-1 and leukemic inhibitory factor (2.4 ± 0.8- and 2.2 ± 0.3-fold, respectively). However, nine of the observed protein changes occurred for only endothelin-1, whereas 11 of the changes occurred only with leukemic inhibitory factor exposure. These two different stimuli are therefore able to elicit unique changes in the protein expression profile of cardiac myocytes. This is consistent with the differences in morphologies noted as well as the different signaling pathways utilized by these different stimuli.
Capability Discovery for Automated Reasoning Systems

Automated reasoning systems such as theorem provers often employ interaction or cooperation with further reasoning software. Whereas in most cases the concrete choice of cooperating software is, to some extent, irrelevant, these systems are nevertheless often rigid in practice due to compatibility issues. In order to support more flexible cooperation schemes, a machine-readable description format for automated reasoning systems’ capabilities is proposed. Additionally, a simple HTTP-based protocol for system and capability discovery is outlined. Both the format and the protocol are designed to be simple, extensible and easy to use with none to minor modifications for existing reasoning systems.
Thermo-optical response of cartilage during feedback-controlled laser-assisted reshaping

Cartilage undergoes characteristic deformation following laser irradiation below the ablation threshold. Measurements of surface temperature and integrated scattered light intensity were performed during laser irradiation. Porcine auricular cartilage (1 - 2 mm thickness) was irradiated with an Nd:YAG laser (lambda equals 1.32 micrometer) with varying dose (J/cm2). Surface temperature was monitored using a single element HgCdTe infrared detector, responsive between 10 - 14 micrometer. A HeNe laser beam (lambda equals 632.8 nm) was incident on the back surface of the cartilage specimen and fractional integrated back scattered light intensity was measured using an integrating sphere and a silicon photodiode. Laser irradiation (2 W, 5.83 W/cm2, 50 Hz PRR) was allowed to proceed until surface temperature reached 70 degrees Celsius. Cartilage deformation was observed in each instance. Integrated scattered light intensity reached a plateau before the peak temperature (70 degrees) was reached. At increased laser power (10 W, 39.45 W/cm2, 50 Hz PRR), a feedback controlled cryogen spray was used to maintain surface temperature below 50 degrees Celsius. A similar plateau response was also noted in integrated scattered light intensity. This signal may be used to optimize the process of stress relaxation in laser cartilage reshaping. Several clinical applications are discussed.
Prosodic modeling of Mandarin speech and its application to lexical decoding

In this paper, a new RNN-based prosodic modeling method for Mandarin speech recognition is proposed. It is performed in the post-processing stage of the acoustic decoding aiming at detecting word boundaries for assisting in the lexical decoding. It employs a simple RNN to learn the relationship between input prosodic features, extracted from the input utterance with syllable boundaries provided by the preceding acoustic decoding, and output information related to word boundaries. Simulations on a large single-speaker database were performed to evaluate the proposed method. Experimental results showed that 71.9% of word tags and 95.3% of punctuation mark (PM) tags could be correctly detected. By incorporating the prosodic model into an HMM-based continuous Mandarin speech recognition system, the character recognition rate increased from 73.6% to 74.7% with a reduction of 17% on the computational complexity. So the proposed prosodic modeling method is helpful for speech recognition.
Sentinel scheduling: a model for compiler-controlled speculative execution

Speculative execution is an important source of parallelism for VLIW and superscalar processors. A serious challenge with compiler-controlled speculative execution is to efficiently handle exceptions for speculative instructions. In this article, a set of architectural features and compile-time scheduling support collectively referred to as sentinel scheduling is introduced. Sentinel scheduling provides an effective framework for both compiler-controlled speculative execution and exception handling. All program exceptions are accurately detected and reported in a timely manner with sentinel scheduling. Recovery from exceptions is also ensured with the model. Experimental results show the effectiveness of sentinel scheduling for exploiting instruction-level parallelism and overhead associated with exception handling.
In situ photoluminescence spectroscopy study of dynamic doping in sandwich-type light-emitting electrochemical cells

Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has been performed in-situ on iridium(III) ionic transition metal complex (iTMC)- based sandwich-type light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) during device operation and after switch-off. It is demonstrated that driving the device leads to a considerable decrease of the PL intensity of the active layer. Two different time regimes for this decrease have been identified. The first one is characterized by a complete recovery of the PL after the device is turned off corroborating the existence of dynamically formed doped regions also in iTMC-based LECs. In the second regime the PL does not completely recover which is attributed to a permanent degradation of the active layer that is the main source for the low lifetime of the devices. Additionally, it is demonstrated how to externally stabilize the dynamic configuration leading to a half lifetime in excess of 1000 hours at simultaneous high brightness of more than 1000 cd/m2 and fast turn-on of less than one second.
Acquisition of accurate distance information in stereovision using move-parallel method for teleoperation

The authors have developed a new stereo image shooting method, named the move-parallel method. There are two conventional stereo image shooting methods: the parallel-view method and the cross-eyed method. The parallel-view method allows the user to shoot and supply images that are free from geometric distortion, and thus is suitable for shooting distant views in consideration of the significant visual burden. The cross-eyed method uses the cross point to adjust the parallax of the object, but the perception of space is inevitably distorted in terms of binocular parallax. The new move-parallel method generates geometric distortion-free images by using the same shooting technique as the parallel-view method and offers easy-to-view images equivalent to those obtained with the cross-eyed method. This is achieved by moving the captured right and left images until the parallax of the object to be fixated disappears by image processing. It is important in teleoperation to capture correct information on the distance to the object to be fixated and to other objects. The authors conducted several experiments to evaluate the features of the move-parallel method. This paper reports on the method, which reduces distortion of space perception in terms of binocular parallax, provides correct distance information to the observer, and reduces the visual burden of viewing stereo images.
A metered intake of milk following exercise and thermal dehydration restores whole-body net fluid balance better than a carbohydrate–electrolyte solution or water in healthy young men

Abstract Appropriate rehydration and nutrient intake in recovery is a key component of exercise performance. This study investigated whether the recovery of body net fluid balance (NFB) following exercise and thermal dehydration to −2 % of body mass (BM) was enhanced by a metered rate of ingestion of milk (M) compared with a carbohydrate–electrolyte solution (CE) or water (W). In randomised order, seven active men (aged 26·2 (sd 6·1) years) undertook exercise and thermal dehydration to −2 % of BM on three occasions. A metered replacement volume of M, CE or W equivalent to 150 % of the BM loss was then consumed within 2–3 h. NFB was subsequently measured for 5 h from commencement of rehydration. A higher overall NFB in M than CE (P=0·001) and W (P=0·006) was observed, with no difference between CE and W (P=0·69). After 5 h, NFB in M remained positive (+117 (sd 122) ml) compared with basal, and it was greater than W (−539 (sd 390) ml, P=0·011) but not CE (−381 (sd 460) ml, P=0·077, d=1·6). Plasma osmolality (Posm) and K remained elevated above basal in M compared with CE and W. The change in Posm was associated with circulating pre-provasopressin (r s 0·348, P<0·001), a biomarker of arginine vasopressin, but could not account fully for the augmented NFB in M compared with CE and W. These data suggest that a metered approach to fluid ingestion acts in synergy with the nutrient composition of M in the restoration of NFB following exercise and thermal dehydration.
A NOTE ON A LARGE MARGIN PERCEPTRON ALGORITHM

The importance of classification algorithms in the context of risk assessment is briefly explained. As an alternative to the popular support vector machines fault tolerant perceptron learning is suggested. In order to achieve better generalization properties the additional use of an iterative large margin perceptron algorithm is investigated. In particular it is shown that care has to be taken when initializing the algorithm. Some preliminary experimental results are briefly discussed.
Symptom experience of family caregivers of patients with cancer.

OBJECTIVES To review the literature on depression, anxiety,sleep disturbance, fatigue, and pain in family caregivers of patients with cancer in the context of the Symptom Management Model (SMM)developed at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). DATA SOURCES Published research studies and systematic reviews from 1990-2007. DATA SYNTHESIS Studies of depressive symptoms in caregivers of patients with cancer were the most numerous. A limited number of studies examined anxiety, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and pain. Most studies focused on the symptom experience dimension of the UCSF SMM. CONCLUSIONS Based on the small sample sizes, cross-sectional nature of the studies, and lack of comparison groups, little is known about the prevalence and effects of symptoms in caregivers of patients with cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Additional research is needed to determine the prevalence, severity, and effects of symptoms on caregivers. Better descriptive, correlational studies will lead to the development of interventions to improve symptom management for this group of caregivers.
Leveraging Knowledge from the Linked Open Data Cloud in the task of Reverse Geo-tagging

Currently, Reverse Geo-tagging relies on the keywords describing an image and use probabilistic algorithms to guess the localization of the depicted scene. However, such algorithms still perform poorly and show clear limitations Notably, the location estimation only occurs at the landmark level; regions or countries are only processed through their centroid. In this paper, we address this particular issue by exploring a semantic approach, which identifies geographical entities among the keywords to localize the picture (being a landmark or a country). We leverage the Linked Open Data cloud to find possible entities. The benefits of our approach, as opposed to numerical approaches, include an in-depth study of the ``geo-relevance'' of an image.
Deep Sequence Analysis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Integrated Analysis of Gene Expression, Alternative Splicing, and Single Nucleotide Variations in Lung Adenocarcinomas with and without Oncogenic KRAS Mutations

KRAS mutations are highly prevalent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and tumors harboring these mutations tend to be aggressive and resistant to chemotherapy. We used next-generation sequencing technology to identify pathways that are specifically altered in lung tumors harboring a KRAS mutation. Paired-end RNA-sequencing of 15 primary lung adenocarcinoma tumors (8 harboring mutant KRAS and 7 with wild-type KRAS) were performed. Sequences were mapped to the human genome, and genomic features, including differentially expressed genes, alternate splicing isoforms and single nucleotide variants, were determined for tumors with and without KRAS mutation using a variety of computational methods. Network analysis was carried out on genes showing differential expression (374 genes), alternate splicing (259 genes), and SNV-related changes (65 genes) in NSCLC tumors harboring a KRAS mutation. Genes exhibiting two or more connections from the lung adenocarcinoma network were used to carry out integrated pathway analysis. The most significant signaling pathways identified through this analysis were the NFκB, ERK1/2, and AKT pathways. A 27 gene mutant KRAS-specific sub network was extracted based on gene–gene connections from the integrated network, and interrogated for druggable targets. Our results confirm previous evidence that mutant KRAS tumors exhibit activated NFκB, ERK1/2, and AKT pathways and may be preferentially sensitive to target therapeutics toward these pathways. In addition, our analysis indicates novel, previously unappreciated links between mutant KRAS and the TNFR and PPARγ signaling pathways, suggesting that targeted PPARγ antagonists and TNFR inhibitors may be useful therapeutic strategies for treatment of mutant KRAS lung tumors. Our study is the first to integrate genomic features from RNA-Seq data from NSCLC and to define a first draft genomic landscape model that is unique to tumors with oncogenic KRAS mutations.
A Self-Organizing Japanese Word Segmenter using Heuristic Word Identification and Re-estimation

We present a self-organized method to build a stochastic Japanese word segmenter from a small number of basic words and a large amount of unsegmented training text. It consists of a word-based statistical language model, an initial estimation procedure, and a re-estimation procedure. Initial word frequencies are estimated by counting all possible longest match strings between the training text and the word list. The initial word list is au~nented by identifying words in the training text using a heuristic rule based on character type. The word-based language model is then re-estimated to filter out inappropriate word hypotheses generated by the initial word identification. When the word segmeuter is trained on 3.9M character texts and 1719 initial words, its word segmentation accuracy is 86.3% recall and 82.5% precision. We find that the combination of heuristic word identi~cation and re-estimation is so effective that the initial word list need not be large. 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n Word segmentation is an important problem for Japanese because word boundaries are not marked in its writing system. Other Asian languages such as Chinese and Thai have the same problem. Any Japanese NLP application requ/res word segmentation as the first stage because there are phonological and semantic units whose pronunciation and meaning is not trivially derivable from that of the individual characters. Once word segmentation is done, all established techniques can be exploited to build practically important applications such as spelling correction [Nagata, 1996] and text retrieval [Nie and Brisebois, 1996] In a sense, Japanese word segmentation is a solved problem if (and only if) we have plenty of segmented training text. Around 95% word segmentation accuracy is reported by using a word-based language model and the Viterbi-like dynamic programi-g procedure [Nagata, 1994, Takeuchi and Matsumoto, 1995, Yamamoto, 1996]. However, manually segmented corpora are not always available in a particular target domain and manual segmentation is very expensive. The goal of our research is unsupervised learning of Japanese word segmentation. That is, to build a Japanese word segmenter from a list of initial words and unsegmented training text. Today, it is easy to obtain a 10K-100K word list from either commercial or public domain on-line Japanese dictionaries. Gigabytes of Japanese text are readily available from newspapers, patents, HTML documents, etc. Few works have examined unsupervised word segmentation in Japanese. Both [Yamamoto, 1996] and [Takeuchi and Matsumoto, 1995] built a word-based language model from unsegmented text
Active control of beam structures with piezoelectric actuators and sensors: modeling and simulation

The active damping of structures is an important emerging field. In this context, it is necessary to be able to develop new control methods for flexible structures and simulate their effects. In order to be able to deal with the optimization of active device locations, spillover and any other general problems linked to control and model reduction, a simple but sufficiently rich model is very useful. This is the reason why this technical note deals with the modeling and simulation of the active vibration control of beam structures using piezoelectric actuators and sensors. In order to model beam structures equipped with piezoelectric devices, we develop a simple finite composite beam element, taking into account the properties of piezoelectric elements. This model uses six mechanical degrees of freedom and four electric degrees of freedom. Then, a linear quadratic regulator method is used to compute the control, including the implementation of a state observer. Several simulations are presented.