Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of prototype wide-area monitoring, protection and control (WAMPAC) systems based upon international standards

Recently, the significance of Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) has increased as it promises to provide a countermeasure to possible power system instability phenomena. The standardization of communication interfaces, that are able to open up the possibility of integrating a wide variety of sub systems, is becoming increasingly important in enabling the build of a standard WAMPAC system. In Japan, WAMPAC systems have been used for power system stabilization for many years and significant experience has been gained in the application of this technology. We have recently conducted a review of our in-service experience of WAMPAC systems and we have also examined current and draft international standards in order to identify the key standards pertinent to WAMPAC systems. In this paper, the authors introduce a proposal detailing a system configuration for a WAMPAC system based upon the international standards identified. The paper also discusses the prototype systems that were developed along with some sample demonstration scenarios.
Effect of Post-traumatic Tibiotalar Osteoarthritis on Kinematics of the Ankle Joint Complex

Background: Knowledge of joint kinematics in the healthy and diseased joint may be useful if surgical techniques and joint replacement designs are to be improved. To date, little is known about the kinematics of the arthritic tibiotalar joint and its effect on the kinematics of the subtalar joint. Materials and Methods: Kinematics of the ankle joint complex (AJC) were measured in six patients with unilateral post-traumatic tibiotalar osteoarthritis in simulated heel strike, midstance and toe off weight bearing positions using magnetic resonance and dual fluoroscopic imaging techniques. The kinematic data obtained was compared to a normal cohort from a previous study. Results: From heel strike to midstance, the arthritic tibiotalar joint demonstrated 2.2 ± 5.0 degrees of dorsiflexion while in the healthy controls the tibiotalar joint plantarflexed 9.1 ± 5.3 degrees (p < 0.01). From midstance to toe off, the subtalar joint in the arthritic group dorsiflexed 3.3 ± 4.1 degrees whereas in the control group the subtalar joint plantarflexed 8.5 ± 2.9 degrees (p < 0.01). The subtalar joint in the arthritic group rotated externally 1.2 ± 1.0 degrees and everted 3.3 ± 6.1 degrees from midstance to toe off while in the control group 12.3 ± 8.3 degrees of internal rotation and 10.7 ± 3.8 degrees eversion (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively) was measured. Conclusion: The current study suggests that during the stance phase of gait, subtalar joint motion in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse rotational planes tends to occur in an opposite direction in subjects with tibiotalar osteoarthritis when compared to normal ankle controls. This effectively represents a breakdown in the normal motion coupling seen in healthy ankle joints. Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of ankle kinematics of arthritic joints may be helpful when designing prostheses or in assessing the results of treatment interventions.
No effect of low-dose aspirin for the prevention of heterotopic bone formation after total hip replacement: A randomized trial of 2,649 patients

2,649 patients scheduled for elective total hip replacement were recruited to the Heterotopic Bone Formation Sub-study of the Pulmonary Embolism Prevention Trial. Heterotopic bone formation was determined by radiographic examination and associated late postoperative outcomes were assessed by telephone interview. Heterotopic bone formation was observed in 627 (31%) of 2,048 radiographic examinations. There was no detectable effect of low-dose aspirin on the risks of heterotopic bone formation (RR 0.98; 95%CI 0.85-1.12), late postoperative pain (RR 1.10; 95%CI 0.91-1.35) or late postoperative impaired function (RR 1.03; 95%CI 0.94-1.12). The balance of benefits and risks of low-dose aspirin is determined by its effects on vascular events and bleeding, since it has no major effects on heterotopic bone formation or associated clinical outcomes.
A cumulative meta‐analysis of the effects of individual physical activity interventions targeting healthy adults

Despite a large and increasing evidence base on physical activity interventions, the high rates of physical inactivity and associated chronic diseases are continuing to increase globally. The purpose of this cumulative meta‐analysis was to investigate the evolution of randomized controlled trial evidence of individual‐level physical activity interventions to asses if new trials are contributing novel evidence to the field. Through a two‐staged search process, primary studies examining the effects of interventions targeted at increasing physical activity within healthy adult populations were pooled and selected from eligible systematic reviews. Cumulative meta‐analyses were performed on effect sizes immediately post‐intervention (n = 62), and for long‐term behaviour change (≥12‐month post‐baseline; n = 27). Sufficiency and stability of the evidence was assessed through application of pre‐published indicators. Meta‐analyses suggest overall positive intervention effects on physical activity. The evidence base for effectiveness immediately post‐intervention reached levels of sufficiency and stability in 2007; and for long‐term follow‐up in 2011. In the time since, intervention effectiveness has not substantially changed, and further trials are unlikely to change the direction and magnitude of effect. Substantial evidence exists demonstrating that physical activity interventions can modify individual behaviour in controlled settings. Researchers are urged to shift focus towards investigating the optimization, implementation, sustainability and cost‐effectiveness of interventions.
THE EFFECT OF IRON LIMITATION ON THE PHOTOPHYSIOLOGY OF PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE) AND FRAGILARIOPSIS CYLINDRUS (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) UNDER DYNAMIC IRRADIANCE 1

The effects of iron limitation on photoacclimation to dynamic irradiance were studied in Phaeocystis antarctica G. Karst. and Fragilariopsis cylindrus (Grunow) W. Krieg. in terms of growth rate, photosynthetic parameters, pigment composition, and fluorescence characteristics. Under dynamic light conditions mimicking vertical mixing below the euphotic zone, P. antarctica displayed higher growth rates than F. cylindrus both under iron (Fe)–replete and Fe‐limiting conditions. Both species showed xanthophyll de‐epoxidation that was accompanied by low levels of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) during the irradiance maximum of the light cycle. The potential for NPQ at light levels corresponding to full sunlight was substantial in both species and increased under Fe limitation in F. cylindrus. Although the decline in Fv/Fm under Fe limitation was similar in both species, the accompanying decrease in the maximum rate of photosynthesis and growth rate was much stronger in F. cylindrus. Analysis of the electron transport rates through PSII and on to carbon (C) fixation revealed a large potential for photoprotective cyclic electron transport (CET) in F. cylindrus, particularly under Fe limitation. Probably, CET aided the photoprotection in F. cylindrus, but it also reduced photosynthetic efficiency at higher light intensities. P. antarctica, on the other hand, was able to efficiently use electrons flowing through PSII for C fixation at all light levels, particularly under Fe limitation. Thus, Fe limitation enhanced the photophysiological differences between P. antarctica and diatoms, supporting field observations where P. antarctica is found to dominate deeply mixed water columns, whereas diatoms dominate shallower mixed layers.
Inborn errors of steroid biosynthesis: detection by a new mass-spectrometric method.

A new mass-spectrometric technique relies on ionization during bombardment of the analyte (dissolved in a liquid matrix, usually glycerol) by an atom beam (e.g., Ar0, Xe0). This technique, termed "fast atom bombardment," is particularly useful in the characterization of polar charged molecules. A neutral beam is not essential, and a primary beam of cesium ions has been successfully used to produce spectra equivalent to those obtained by fast atom bombardment. In this communication I report data on the use of both ion and atom primary beams for producing secondary-ion mass spectra of conjugated steroids. In negative-ion spectra produced for steroid glucuronides and sulfates, the ion [M - H]- is invariably the major high-mass peak, and the lack of substantial fragmentation allows assay of relatively complex mixtures if the analytes differ in mass. I describe here the use of secondary-ion mass spectrometry for distinguishing, by urinary steroid analysis, patients with the four enzyme defects that can affect cortisol synthesis: defects in 17 alpha-hydroxylase, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase, 21-hydroxylase, and 11 beta-hydroxylase.
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation improvement via a novel capsule bioreactor

This study developed a capsule bioreactor made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to entrap anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) bacteria for the removal of nitrogen from synthetic wastewater. Experimental results demonstrate that the ANAMMOX bacteria were entrapped inside the capsule and not washed out from the bioreactor. This method also avoids damaging the ANAMMOX bacteria during immobilization. The proposed bioreactor also has a shorter start-up period. The diffusion rate of ammonium and nitrite from the bulk solution through the capsule determined the rate of the ANAMMOX reaction. The optimal ratio of was approximately 1 for the bioreactor. In addition, the capsule protected the ANAMMOX bacteria from nitrite inhibition. The bioreactor achieved a high stable nitrogen removal rate (5.8 Kg-N m−3 day−1) at high nitrite levels (up to 600 mg-N L−1 in the influent). Therefore, the proposed capsule bioreactor has considerable potential for actual nitrogen removal applications.
Agreement between gamma passing rates using computed tomography in radiotherapy and secondary cancer risk prediction from more advanced dose calculated models.

BACKGROUND During the past decades, in radiotherapy, the dose distributions were calculated using density correction methods with pencil beam as type 'a' algorithm. The objectives of this study are to assess and evaluate the impact of dose distribution shift on the predicted secondary cancer risk (SCR), using modern advanced dose calculation algorithms, point kernel, as type 'b', which consider change in lateral electrons transport. METHODS Clinical examples of pediatric cranio-spinal irradiation patients were evaluated. For each case, two radiotherapy treatment plans with were generated using the same prescribed dose to the target resulting in different number of monitor units (MUs) per field. The dose distributions were calculated, respectively, using both algorithms types. A gamma index (γ) analysis was used to compare dose distribution in the lung. The organ equivalent dose (OED) has been calculated with three different models, the linear, the linear-exponential and the plateau dose response curves. The excess absolute risk ratio (EAR) was also evaluated as (EAR = OED type 'b' / OED type 'a'). RESULTS The γ analysis results indicated an acceptable dose distribution agreement of 95% with 3%/3 mm. Although, the γ-maps displayed dose displacement >1 mm around the healthy lungs. Compared to type 'a', the OED values from type 'b' dose distributions' were about 8% to 16% higher, leading to an EAR ratio >1, ranged from 1.08 to 1.13 depending on SCR models. CONCLUSIONS The shift of dose calculation in radiotherapy, according to the algorithm, can significantly influence the SCR prediction and the plan optimization, since OEDs are calculated from DVH for a specific treatment. The agreement between dose distribution and SCR prediction depends on dose response models and epidemiological data. In addition, the γ passing rates of 3%/3 mm does not translate the difference, up to 15%, in the predictions of SCR resulting from alternative algorithms. Considering that modern algorithms are more accurate, showing more precisely the dose distributions, but that the prediction of absolute SCR is still very imprecise, only the EAR ratio could be used to rank radiotherapy plans.
System Power Model and Virtual Machine Power Metering for Cloud Computing Pricing

Multi-core virtualization platforms has been the basic infrastructure for data center for which Green computing and cloud computing are the most significant trends. Most servers don't have build-in power measurement sensors in modern data center. Besides, even if the total server power can be measured in real time VM(virtual machine) power cannot be measured purely by any power sensor. A suitable VM power model can help data center operator save power and price the VM energy consumption in cloud computing platforms. We present a solution for system power estimation and VM power metering by using performance events counter. We build power models to infer power consumption from the system resource usage such as cpu and memory which can be indicated by certain performance events counter value. The result shows that this method can get the accuracy of 97% on average.
Asymmetric price adjustments in US gasoline markets: impacts of spatial dependence on the ‘rockets and feathers’ hypothesis

ABSTRACT Gasoline retail prices show sometimes wild, asymmetric fluctuations over time. We explore the impact of spatial dependence on gasoline retail price formation by using for the first time an asymmetric spatial error correction model (ASpECM). We find evidence that the generally assumed symmetric price pattern is fully reversed when we account for spatial spillover effects, indicating that retail prices adjust more rapidly in an upward than in a downward direction. This finding suggests that empirical studies that ignore the role of spatial dependence and local competition may miss an important element of the nature of the gasoline price adjustment mechanism.
Protein kinase A and protein kinase C signaling pathway interaction in phenylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase gene regulation

The protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways appear to interact in regulating phenylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase (PNMT) promoter‐driven gene transcription in PC12 cells. Forskolin treatment of cells transfected with the rat PNMT promoter‐luciferase reporter gene construct pGL3RP893 increased promoter activity approximately two‐fold whereas phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13 acetate (PMA) treatment had no effect. However, simultaneous forskolin and PMA treatment synergistically activated the PNMT promoter approximately four‐fold, suggesting that PKC stimulation requires prior induction of the PKA pathway. Consistent with this possibility the adenylate cyclase inhibitor MDL12,330A, and the PKA inhibitor H‐89 prevented PNMT promoter stimulation by the combination of forskolin and PMA. PKA and PKC regulation seems to be mediated in part by Egr‐1 and Sp1 through their consensus elements in the PNMT promoter. Forskolin and PMA treatment of PC12 cells increased Egr‐1 protein and phosphorylated Egr‐1/DNA‐binding complex formation to the same extent but only increased phosphorylated Sp1/DNA binding complex formation without altering Sp1 protein levels. Mutation of the − 165 bp Egr‐1 and − 48 bp Sp1 sites, respectively, attenuated and abolished combined forskolin and PMA‐mediated promoter activation. PNMT promoter analysis further showed that synergistic stimulation by PKA and PKC involves DNA sequences between − 442 and − 392 bp, and potentially a GCM binding element lying within this region.
EVOLUTION OF RESISTANCE IN CULEX PIPIENS: ALLELE REPLACEMENT AND CHANGING ENVIRONMENT

Fixation of adaptive mutations in populations is often constrained by pleiotropic fitness costs. The evolutionary pathways that compensate such fitness disadvantages are either the occurrence of modifier genes or replacement of the adaptive allele by less costly ones. In this context, 23 years of evolution of insecticide resistance genes in the mosquito Culex pipiens from southern France are analyzed. The aim of this study is to answer the following points. Is there a fitness cost associated with these resistance genes in natural populations? Does evolution proceed through allele replacement or through selection of modifiers? And finally, how do environmental changes affect the evolution of resistance genes? Samples from the same transect, crossing the boundary between an insecticide‐treated and a nontreated area, are analyzed. Clinal analyses indicate a variable fitness cost among the resistance genes and show that allele replacement has been the primary mechanism of resistance evolution in this area. It is also shown that replacement was probably due to environmental changes corresponding to modification in pesticide‐treatment intensity.
Homologous Crossovers among Molecules of Brome Mosaic Bromovirus RNA1 or RNA2 Segments In Vivo

ABSTRACT Previously we demonstrated frequent homologous crossovers among molecules of the RNA3 segment in the tripartite brome mosaic bromovirus (BMV) RNA genome (A. Bruyere, M. Wantroba, S. Flasinski, A. Dzianott, and J. J. Bujarski, J. Virol. 74:4214-4219, 2000). To further our knowledge about mechanisms of viral RNA genome variability, in this paper we have studied homologous recombination in BMV RNA1 and RNA2 components during infection. We have found that basal RNA-RNA crossovers could occur within coding regions of both RNAs, although recombination frequencies slightly varied at different RNA sections. In all cases, the frequencies were much lower than the rate observed for the intercistronic recombination hot spot in BMV RNA3. Probability calculations accounted for at least one homologous crossover per RNA molecule per replication cycle. In addition, we have demonstrated an efficient repair of mutations within the conserved 3′ and 5′ noncoding regions, most likely due to error-prone BMV RNA replication. Overall, our data verify that homologous crossovers are common events a during virus life cycle, and we discuss their importance for viral RNA genetics.
Towards a multi-levelled social process perspective on firm innovation: integrating micro, meso and macro concepts of knowledge creation

Abstract The aim of this paper is to suggest a framework for studying firm innovation processes in a social process perspective that integrates the micro, meso and macro levels of analysis, that is, the knowledge creation of individuals/communities, the knowledge coordination of organisations, and the spatial–institutional contextualisation of knowledge. For this purpose, we suggest using as a starting point the so-called Combinatorial Knowledge Bases approach, which allows merging concepts about micro practices and macro contexts in an effective way. The suggested framework pays attention to different phases in the entire innovation process, characterised by different (micro) learning modes, situated in varying (macro) contexts and delineated by organisational (meso-level) choices, therefore enabling an integrated approach to the studying of firm innovation. To illustrate the potentials of applying the framework we present a process-oriented in-depth empirical case study of an innovation, following it from idea generation to market introduction by means of an innovation biography method.
Involvement of NMDA receptor in low-frequency magnetic field-induced anxiety in mice

Abstract It had been reported that exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELFMF) induces anxiety in human and rodents. Anxiety mediates via the activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, whereas activation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor attenuates the same. Hence, the present study was carried out to understand the contribution of NMDA and/or GABA receptors modulation in ELFMF-induced anxiety for which Swiss albino mice were exposed to ELFMF (50 Hz, 10 G) by subjecting them to Helmholtz coils. The exposure was for 8 h/day for 7, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. Anxiety level was assessed in elevated plus maze, open field test and social interaction test, on 7th, 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th exposure day, respectively. Moreover, the role of GABA and glutamate in ELFMF-induced anxiety was assessed by treating mice with muscimol [0.25 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)], bicuculline (1.0 mg/kg i.p.), NMDA (15 mg/kg i.p.) and MK-801 (0.03 mg/kg i.p.), as a GABAA and NMDA receptor agonist and antagonist, respectively. Glutamate receptor agonist exacerbated while inhibitor attenuated the ELFMF-induced anxiety. In addition, levels of GABA and glutamate were determined in regions of the brain viz, cortex, striatum, hippocampus and hypothalamus. Experiments demonstrated significant elevation of GABA and glutamate levels in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. However, GABA receptor modulators did not produce significant effect on ELFMF-induced anxiety and elevated levels of GABA at tested dose. Together, these findings suggest that ELFMF significantly induced anxiety behavior, and indicated the involvement of NMDA receptor in its effect.
Large-scale functional analysis of the roles of phosphorylation in yeast metabolic pathways

An integrated experimental and computational approach identifies roles for protein phosphorylation in yeast metabolic pathways. Mapping the Metabolome There is a complex interplay between factors in the external environment of a cell and the metabolism of the thousands of molecules inside a cell. This interplay is governed in part by protein phosphorylation. Schulz et al. used mass spectrometry to profile relative concentrations of hundreds of metabolites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast with individual deletions of the genes encoding greater that 100 kinases and phosphatases. Mapping these changes onto a network of metabolic pathways and integrating information about changes in protein phosphorylation in the same yeast deletion strains enabled predictions about the functional relationships between kinases or phosphatases and enzymes involved in cellular metabolism. Protein phosphorylation is a widespread posttranslational modification that regulates almost all cellular functions. To investigate the large number of phosphorylation events with unknown functions, we monitored the concentrations of several hundred intracellular metabolites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains with deletions of 118 kinases or phosphatases. Whereas most deletion strains had no detectable difference in growth compared to wild-type yeast, two-thirds of deletion strains had alterations in metabolic profiles. For about half of the kinases and phosphatases encoded by the deleted genes, we inferred specific regulatory roles on the basis of knowledge about the affected metabolic pathways. We demonstrated that the phosphatase Ppq1 was required for metal homeostasis. Combining metabolomic data with published phosphoproteomic data in a stoichiometric model enabled us to predict functions for phosphorylation in the regulation of 47 enzymes. Overall, we provided insights and testable predictions covering greater than twice the number of known phosphorylated enzymes in yeast, suggesting extensive phosphorylation-dependent regulation of yeast metabolism.