Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the norms of r-circulant matrices with the hyper-Fibonacci and Lucas numbers

In this paper, we study norms of circulant matrices F = Circ(F 0 , F (k) 1 , . ,F (k) n−1) , L = Circ(L 0 , L (k) 1 , . ,L (k) n−1) and r -circulant matrices Fr = Circr(F (k) 0 , F (k) 1 , . ,F (k) n−1) , Lr = Circr(L 0 , L (k) 1 , . ,L (k) n−1) , where F (k) n and L (k) n denote the hyper-Fibonacci and hyper-Lucas numbers, respectively. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 15A60, 15B05, 15B36, 11B39.
Oxygen Sensitivity of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Depends on Metabolic Conditions

The mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a central role in many cell signaling pathways, but debate still surrounds its regulation by factors, such as substrate availability, [O2] and metabolic state. Previously, we showed that in isolated mitochondria respiring on succinate, ROS generation was a hyperbolic function of [O2]. In the current study, we used a wide variety of substrates and inhibitors to probe the O2 sensitivity of mitochondrial ROS generation under different metabolic conditions. From such data, the apparent Km for O2 of putative ROS-generating sites within mitochondria was estimated as follows: 0.2, 0.9, 2.0, and 5.0 μm O2 for the complex I flavin site, complex I electron backflow, complex III QO site, and electron transfer flavoprotein quinone oxidoreductase of β-oxidation, respectively. Differential effects of respiratory inhibitors on ROS generation were also observed at varying [O2]. Based on these data, we hypothesize that at physiological [O2], complex I is a significant source of ROS, whereas the electron transfer flavoprotein quinone oxidoreductase may only contribute to ROS generation at very high [O2]. Furthermore, we suggest that previous discrepancies in the assignment of effects of inhibitors on ROS may be due to differences in experimental [O2]. Finally, the data set (see supplemental material) may be useful in the mathematical modeling of mitochondrial metabolism.
Effect of Blending Factors on Eri Silk and Cotton Blended Yarn and Fabric Characteristics

Eri cocoons were prepared into short fibers and subsequently blended with cotton fiber in order to develop the new fiber blended yarn in the short spinning system. The Eri and cotton fibers were blended using the drawframe blending with varying blending factors, viz. blending composition (0-100%) and yarn counts (30 and 50 tex). The results showed that Eri fiber which was longer and stronger than cotton fiber, affected the fiber distribution in the yarn cross-section. The mechanical properties of the blended fibers and yarns increased with increasing silk content. Longer fibers of Eri silk tended to move towards the yarn core, especially at silk content higher than 50%. Moreover, stronger and more extensible Eri silk fiber gave an advantage to the improvement of mechanical properties of those blended yarns with silk content higher than 50%. However, with increasing silk content, the blended yarns were more irregular as shown in %CV. Concerning the yarn count effect, the higher yarn count of 50 tex resulted in a more regular yarn with higher yarn strength than that of 30 tex. The plain-woven fabrics were prepared using the blended yarns as a weft yarn and the cotton yarn or silk yarn as a warp yarn. The mechanical properties of those woven fabrics were characterized in order to study the influence of silk contents. The results showed that tensile strength, %elongation and tear strength of woven fabrics using the blended yarn were increased with an increase in silk content. This is an advantage of Eri silk in the aspect of rendering the strength to the blended yarns and fabrics.
Decentralized interference coordination via autonomous component carrier assignment

A distributed and dynamic resource reuse method applicable to randomly deployed, possibly dense wireless networks is presented in this paper. The main objective is to protect mobile users located near the cell boundary from detrimental downlink interference originating from neighboring base stations (BSs) without compromising the system spectral efficiency. For this purpose, a novel autonomous resource assignment method that is particularly well suited for decentralized wireless networks is developed. The proposed method is designed such that the interference protection does not coincide with an intolerable reduction in the attainable spatial reuse of radio resources. System-level simulations reveal that cell-edge capacities are significantly boosted without a sharp decrease in average system throughput.
Intralysosomal accumulation of polyanions. I. Fusion of pinocytic and phagocytic vacuoles with secondary lysosomes

The long-term exposure of macrophages to low concentrations of a number of polyanions leads to their accumulation in high concentration within secondary lysosomes. This was associated with enlargement of the lysosomes, the presence of membranous whorls, and intense toluidine blue staining of the organelles at pH 1.0. After the ingestion of a particulate load by these cells, newly formed phagocytic vacuoles failed to fuse with polyanion-laden lysosomes. The lack of fusion was evident in both fluorescence and electron micrographic studies which followed the transfer of acridine orange or Thorotrast from 2 degrees lysosomes to phagosomes. Agents that inhibited phagosome-lysosome (P-L) fusion included molecules containing high densities of sulfate, sulfonate, or carboxylate residues. Dextran sulfate (DS) in microgram/ml quantities was an excellent inhibitor, whereas nonsulfated dextran (D) was without effect at 1,000-fold higher concentrations. In contrast to their effects on P-L fusion, polyanions failed to influence the fusion of pinocytic vesicles with 2 degrees lysosomes. The uptake, intravacuolar distribution, and intralysosomal digestion of fluid-phase pinocytic markers were unaltered in lysosomes containing either D or DS. Furthermore, subcellular fractionation studies showed that the fluid-phase pinocytic marker HRP was efficiently transferred from pinosomes to large, dense 2 degrees lysosomes containing DS.
Local search strategies for satisfiability testing

It has recently been shown that local search is surprisingly good at nding satisfying assignments for certain classes of CNF formulas 24]. In this paper we demonstrate that the power of local search for satissability testing can be further enhanced by employinga new strategy, called \mixed random walk", for escaping from local minima. We present experimental results showing how this strategy allows us to handle formulas that are substantially larger than those that can be solved with basic local search. We also present a detailed comparison of our random walk strategy with simulated annealing. Our results show that mixed random walk is the superior strategy on several classes of computationally diicult problem instances. Finally, we present results demonstrating the eeectiveness of local search with walk for solving circuit synthesis and diagnosis problems.
Creatine kinase expression and creatine phosphate accumulation are developmentally regulated during differentiation of mouse and human monocytes

We have studied the expression of creatine kinase (CK) and the accumulation of creatine phosphate during the differentiation of human and mouse peripheral blood monocytes. Mouse monocytes cultured for 24 h do not contain detectable levels of CK and creatine phosphate. However, resident tissue macrophages and inflammatory elicited macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavities of mice have 70 and 300 mU per mg protein of CK activity and contain 3 and 6 mol of creatine phosphate per mol of ATP, respectively. The major isozyme of CK in these cells has been identified as the brain form. These findings suggest that the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages is associated with the expression of CK and the accumulation of creatine phosphate. We have found a similar pattern in human monocytes. Human blood monocytes, maintained in culture for 24 or 48 h, do not contain detectable levels of CK or creatine phosphate. Monocyte-derived macrophages (monocytes maintained in tissue cultures for 1 to 2 wk) have up to 100 mU per mg protein of CK activity and contain 0.5 mol of creatine phosphate per mol of ATP. Human macrophages express multiple isozymes of CK including the brain (BB) and possibly the mitochondrial forms of this enzyme. Thus, the expression of CK and the accumulation of creatine phosphate in human monocytes is induced by their in vitro cultivation. The induction of CK during in vitro cultivation occurs independently of the concentration of creatine in the medium. However, the size of the creatine phosphate pool varies with respect to extracellular creatine concentration. Creatine phosphate and CK are not detectable in freshly isolated human lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes or erythrocytes, but are found in freshly isolated human platelets.
FIELD SEGMENTATION IN MULTISPECTRAL SATELLITE

In this paper, we present a segmentation procedure which attempts to automatically divide a multispectral Landsat TM satellite image of farmland into individual eld units. We begin by nding the boundaries between adjacent elds in the satellite image by calculating a Maximum Noise Fraction (MNF) transform Green et al, 1988], using a moving circular window. The window is sized so that it is just narrower than the width of a typical eld in the image. As the window moves through the image, the eigenvalues of the local MNF transform is recorded in an output image. The rst eigenvalue peaks in the output image when the window is centred on the boundary between two adjacent elds in the input image. In contrast, the eigenvalue is typically low when the window lies entirely within a single eld. The eigenvalue image is used to nd markers for elds as input to a seeded region growing technique Adams and Bischof, 1993] which segments the input image into individual eld units.
Influence of Lap Splices on the Deformation Capacity of RC Walls. I: Database Assembly, Recent Experimental Data, and Findings for Model Development

Recent postearthquake missions have shown that reinforced concrete (RC) wall buildings can experience critical damage owing to lap splices, which led to a recent surge in experimental tests of walls with such constructional details. Most of the 16 wall tests described in the literature thus far were carried out in the last six years. This paper presents a database with these wall tests, including the description of a new test on a wall with lap splices and a corresponding reference wall with continuous reinforcement. They complement the existing tests by investigating a spliced member with a shear span ratio smaller than two, which is the smallest among them. The objective of this database is to collect information not just on the force capacity but mainly on the deformation capacity of lap splices in reinforced concrete walls. It is shown that (1) well-confined lap splices relocate the plastic hinge above the lap splice, (2) lap splices with adequate lengths but insufficiently confined attain the peak force but their deformation capacity is significantly reduced, and (3) short and not well-confined lap splices fail before reaching the strength capacity. The analysis of the test results, which are used in the companion paper for the finite element analysis of walls with lap splices, indicates in particular that the confining reinforcement ratio and the ratio of shear span to lap splice length influence the lap splice strain capacity.
Distributed Coordination of Multi-Agent Systems With Quantized-Observer Based Encoding-Decoding

Integrative design of communication mechanism and coordinated control law is an interesting and important problem for multi-agent networks. In this paper, we consider distributed coordination of discrete-time second-order multi-agent systems with partially measurable state and a limited communication data rate. A quantized-observer based encoding-decoding scheme is designed, which integrates the state observation with encoding/decoding. A distributed coordinated control law is proposed for each agent which is given in terms of the states of its encoder and decoders. It is shown that for a connected network, 2-bit quantizers suffice for the exponential asymptotic synchronization of the states of the agents. The selection of controller parameters and the performance limit are discussed. It is shown that the algebraic connectivity and the spectral radius of the Laplacian matrix of the communication graph play key roles in the closed-loop performance. The spectral radius of the Laplacian matrix is related to the selection of control gains, while the algebraic connectivity is related to the spectral radius of the closed-loop state matrix. Furthermore, it is shown that as the number of agents increases, the asymptotic convergence rate can be approximated as a function of the number of agents, the number of quantization levels (communication data rate) and the ratio of the algebraic connectivity to the spectral radius of the Laplacian matrix of the communication graph.
HighLight: a file system for tertiary storage

HighLight, a file system combining secondary disk storage and tertiary robotic storage that is being developed as part of the Sequoia 200 Project, is described. HighLight is an extension of the 4.4BSD log-structured file system (LFS), which provides hierarchical storage management without requiring any special support from applications. The authors present HighLight's design and various policies for automatic migration of file data between the hierarchy levels. The performance of HighLight was compared with that of the 4.4BSD LFS implementation. The initial results indicate that HighLight's performance is comparable to that of 4.4BSD LFS for disk-resident data, and the overhead associated with accessing data from the tertiary cache is negligible. <<ETX>>
Representational Limits in Cognitive Architectures

—This paper proposes a focused analysis on some problematic aspects concerning the knowledge level in General Cognitive Architectures (CAs). In particular, it addresses the problems regarding both the limited size and the homogeneous typology of the encoded (and processed) conceptual knowledge. As a possible way out to face, jointly, these problems, this contribution discusses the possibility of integrating external, but architecturally compliant, cognitive systems into the knowledge representation and processing mechanisms of the CAs.
A real-time visual card reader for mobile devices

With the increasing number of shops and service providers offering loyalty cards and attractive benefits for card holders, the amount of different cards a typical customer owns has become a problem. In most cases, a card needs to be scanned in the particular shop to gain discounts meaning the customers have to always carry a large number of cards. In this paper, we present an approach to automatically detect the card provider, card type and customer number, which are then stored within a mobile application, allowing customers to carry all their cards with them on their smartphone. We propose ACC* as a new evaluation metric and evaluate the performance of this approach on a large real-world dataset of loyalty cards.
A Polymorphism in the CDKN1B Gene Is Associated with Increased Risk of Hereditary Prostate Cancer

The loss of cell cycle control is believed to be an important mechanism in the promotion of carcinogenesis. CDKN1B (p27) belongs to the Cip/Kip family and functions as an important cell cycle gatekeeper. Several lines of evidence from clinical studies and laboratory experiments demonstrate that CDKN1B is an important tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer etiology. In addition, a case-control study has shown that the 326T/G (V109G) polymorphism in CDKN1B is associated with advanced prostate cancer. In light of the evidence for linkage between the chromosomal location of the CDKN1B gene (12p13) and prostate cancer susceptibility in several hereditary prostate cancer (HPC) populations, we hypothesized that sequence variants of CDKN1B play a role in HPC. To test this hypothesis, we first resequenced this gene in 96 HPC probands to identify germ-line mutations and sequence variants. We then genotyped the identified sequence variants among all family members of 188 HPC families and tested for their cosegregation with prostate cancer. In total, 10 sequence variants were identified, including three nonsynonymous changes. A family-based test, which is free from the effects of population stratification, revealed a significant association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -79C/T and prostate cancer (with a nominal P of 0.0005). The C allele of -79C/T was overtransmitted from parents to their affected offspring. Evidence for this association was primarily contributed by affected offspring whose age at diagnosis was <65 years. Together with the previous association study in a sporadic prostate cancer population, our new findings additionally suggest that germ-line variants of this gene play a role in prostate cancer susceptibility.
Iterative focusing algorithm to estimate moving target

In this paper, we have presented iterative focusing algorithm (IFA). Under the condition of the same number of bins, IFA demonstrates imaging performance superior to that obtained using DAS because of the area focusing. IFA with DAS algorithm significantly improves the amount of computation than the conventional IAA algorithm. Furthermore, by focusing the scanning area, bin size is reduced, and the estimation accuracy is improved significantly. IAF with IAA algorithm performs better than IAF with DAS algorithm. Note that IAF with IAA algorithm takes huge amount of computation. If we allow little ambiguity, the IFA with DAS algorithm is effective for both target imaging and computation.
Non‐invasive diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the USA and many other parts of the world. Its prevalence continues to rise; currently affecting about one in four adults and 10% of children in the USA. NAFLD represents a wide spectrum of conditions ranging from fatty liver, which in general follows a benign, no‐progressive clinical course, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more serious form of NAFLD that may progress to cirrhosis and end‐stage liver disease. Currently, the diagnosis of NASH requires an invasive liver biopsy with drawbacks of sampling and interpretation error. Clinical risk factors for NASH include diabetes and the metabolic syndrome; however, these are not sufficiently predictive of the condition by themselves. Routine liver enzyme levels are not reliable; however, novel plasma hepatocyte cell death markers either alone or in combination with clinical risk factors are potential non‐invasive diagnostic tools for the future. This review provides a concise overview of the role non‐invasive diagnostic tools for the differentiation of fatty liver from NASH as well as for the determination of presence and extent of fibrosis.
[Clinical characteristics and morbidity in stable asthma. A descriptive analysis of asthma in a Mediterranean community].

UNLABELLED Scarce clinical and epidemiological data related to asthma are available in Spain. OBJECTIVES a) to determine the severity of disease and morbidity among symptomatic asthmatics, and b) to determine whether international recommendations for the treatment of asthma are being followed. A prospective descriptive study enrolling asthmatics older than 14 years of age who experienced symptoms within the past year. The study was performed in the Osona district, a semi-rural area north of Barcelona. Spirometric tests were given and case histories taken, including symptoms caused by the disease. The international guidelines analyzed were those published in 1992 by the National Institutes of Health for the International Consensus Report on Diagnosis and Treatment of Asthma. We studied 333 patients; 214 (64%) were women and 119 (36%) men. Asthma was mild in 140 (42%), moderate in 116 (35%) and severe in 77 (23%). The need for short-term oral corticosteroids, visits to primary care physicians, and missed work days were all significantly greater among patients with severe asthma than for those with mild or moderate asthma. However, 23% of the patients with mild asthma missed work at least once. Drugs used were beta-adrenergic agonists of short duration of effect (76%) and inhaled corticosteroids (66%). CONCLUSIONS a) in most symptomatic asthma patients, disease is mild; b) although patients with severe asthma have higher rates or morbidity, patients with mild disease also have marked symptoms; c) the drugs used for treatment are in compliance with the 1992 international guidelines.
Rates of Acquisition and Clearance of Pneumococcal Serotypes in the Nasopharynges of Children in Kilifi District, Kenya

Background. To understand and model the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines at the population level, we need to know the transmission dynamics of individual pneumococcal serotypes. We estimated serotype-specific clearance and acquisition rates of nasopharyngeal colonization among Kenyan children. Methods. Children aged 3–59 months who were identified as carriers in a cross-sectional survey were followed-up approximately 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 days later and monthly thereafter until culture of 2 consecutive swabs yielded an alternative serotype or no pneumococcus. Serotype-specific clearance rates were estimated by exponential regression of interval-censored carriage durations. Duration was estimated as the reciprocal of the clearance rate, and acquisition rates were estimated on the basis of prevalence and duration, assuming an equilibrium state. Results. Of 2840 children sampled between October 2006 and December 2008, 1868 were carriers. The clearance rate was 0.032 episodes/day (95% confidence interval [CI], .030–.034), for a carriage duration of 31.3 days, and the rate varied by serotype (P < .0005). Carriage durations for the 28 serotypes with ≥10 carriers ranged from 6.7 to 50 days. Clearance rates increased with year of age, adjusted for serotype (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.15–1.27). The acquisition rate was 0.061 episodes/day (95% CI, .055–.067), which did not vary with age. Serotype-specific acquisition rates varied from 0.0002 to 0.0022 episodes/day. Serotype-specific acquisition rates correlated with prevalence (r = 0.91; P < .00005) and with acquisition rates measured in a separate study involving 1404 newborns in Kilifi (r = 0.87; P < .00005). Conclusions. The large sample size and short swabbing intervals provide a precise description of the prevalence, duration, and acquisition of carriage of 28 pneumococcal serotypes. In Kilifi, young children experience approximately 8 episodes of carriage per year. The declining prevalence with age is attributable to increasing clearance rates.