Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Earth's annual global mean energy budget

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to put forward a new estimate, in the context of previous assessments, of the annual global mean energy budget. A description is provided of the source of each component to this budget. The top-of-atmosphere shortwave and longwave flux of energy is constrained by satellite observations. Partitioning of the radiative energy throughout the atmosphere is achieved through the use of detailed radiation models for both the longwave and shortwave spectral regions. Spectral features of shortwave and longwave fluxes at both the top and surface of the earth's system are presented. The longwave radiative forcing of the climate system for both clear (125 W m-2) and cloudy (155 W m-2) conditions are discussed. The authors find that for the clear sky case the contribution due to water vapor to the total longwave radiative forcing is 75 W m-2, while for carbon dioxide it is 32 W m-2. Clouds alter these values, and the effects of clouds on both the longwave and shortwave budget are a.
How we get there: a context-guided search strategy in concolic testing

One of the biggest challenges in concolic testing, an automatic test generation technique, is its huge search space. Concolic testing generates next inputs by selecting branches from previous execution paths. However, a large number of candidate branches makes a simple exhaustive search infeasible, which often leads to poor test coverage. Several search strategies have been proposed to explore high-priority branches only. Each strategy applies different criteria to the branch selection process but most do not consider context, how we got to the branch, in the selection process. In this paper, we introduce a context-guided search (CGS) strategy. CGS looks at preceding branches in execution paths and selects a branch in a new context for the next input. We evaluate CGS with two publicly available concolic testing tools, CREST and CarFast, on six C subjects and six Java subjects. The experimental results show that CGS achieves the highest coverage of all twelve subjects and reaches a target coverage with a much smaller number of iterations on most subjects than other strategies.
PENGARUH EARNING PER SHARE, TINGKAT PERTUMBUHAN PERUSAHAAN DAN CURRENT RATIO TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Earning Per Share , Tingkat Pertumbuhan Perusahaan Dan Current Ratio terhadap Kebijakan Dividen pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jumlah sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 16 perusahaan. Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode asosiatif dan teknik analisis regresi linear berganda dibantu dengan program SPSS, yang meliputi uji asumsi klasik, serta uji parsial (uji t) dengan taraf nyata (? ) = 5 persen. Berdasarkan hasil olah data, diperoleh bahwa Earning Per Share berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kebijakan dividen. Tingkat pertumbuhan perusahaan berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kebijakan dividen. Current Ratio berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kebijakan dividen. Hasil perolehan signifikan koefisien determinasi (R 2 ) sebesar 0,730. Ini berarti bahwa 73 persen variasi kebijakan dividen dipengaruhi oleh earning per share , tingkat pertumbuhan perusahaan, dan current ratio sedangkan sisanya sebesar 27 persen dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar model.
An Accurate Scalable Compact Model for the Substrate Resistance of RF MOSFETs

A new scalable compact model for the resistive substrate network of multi-finger MOSFETs is presented. The model is based on the transmission line formalism to capture the distributed nature of the well resistance. Due to its physical foundation, the model provides a more accurate description of different layout styles over a wide range of geometries. The model is validated experimentally on a 90 nm CMOS technology and is used to determine the geometry of RF transistors that minimize the substrate resistance. The opted network topology allows a direct implementation with the PSP model.
Predicting Social Emotions from Readers’ Perspective

Due to the rapid development of Web, large numbers of documents assigned by readers’ emotions have been generated through new portals. Comparing to the previous studies which focused on author's perspective, our research focuses on readers’ emotions invoked by news articles. Our research provides meaningful assistance in social media application such as sentiment retrieval, opinion summarization and election prediction. In this paper, we predict the readers’ emotion of news based on the social opinion network. More specifically, we construct the opinion network based on the semantic distance. The communities in the news network indicate specific events which are related to the emotions. Therefore, the opinion network serves as the lexicon between events and corresponding emotions. We leverage neighbor relationship in network to predict readers’ emotions. As a result, our methods obtain better result than the state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, we developed a growing strategy to prune the network for practical application. The experiment verifies the rationality of the reduction for application.
Robust Transceiver Optimization for Downlink Multiuser MIMO Systems

This correspondence addresses the joint transceiver design for downlink multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, with imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the base station (BS) and mobile stations (MSs). By incorporating antenna correlation at both ends of the channel and taking channel estimation errors into account, we solve two robust design problems: minimization of the weighted sum mean-square-error (MSE) and minimization of the maximum weighted MSE. These problems are solved as follows: first, we establish three kinds of MSE uplink-downlink duality by transforming only the power allocation matrices from uplink channel to downlink channel and vice versa. Second, in the uplink channel, we formulate the power allocation part of each problem ensuring global optimality. Finally, based on the solution of the uplink power allocation and the MSE duality results, for each problem, we propose an iterative algorithm that performs optimization alternatively between the uplink and downlink channels. Computer simulations verify the robustness of the proposed design compared to the nonrobust/naive design.
Size and Power of Difference-in-Differences Studies in Financial Economics: An Approximate Permutation Test

In economics and business, policy researchers often use observational data and difference-in-differences estimation to test the effectiveness of a policy change. In this context, the model specification and the estimator for standard errors are crucial for correct inferences, given unobserved heterogeneity and correlation across firms and time. Existing literature mainly focuses on the correct size of inferential tests. We suggest a non-parametric test based on the empirical error distribution of the estimated law effect, which we reveal with placebo laws. In comparison to alternative parametric tests, our procedure improves power, under the stringent condition of maintaining a correct size.
Fully differential baseband pulse generator for IEEE 802.15.4a standard

This paper presents a fully differential baseband pulse generator intended for Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) direct up-conversion transmitter architectures. The generator provides impulse related binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and on/off keying (OOK) modulation in accordance with the IEEE 802.15. 4a standard. The logic part of the generator runs on a clock of 499.2 MHz allowing direct generation of single preamble impulses as well as data impulse bursts. While the pulse generator is digitally controlled at the input, the output provides an analogue signal ready to be shaped by a low-pass filter (LPF) and up-converted to the desired channel.
Recognition of Acoustic Emission Signal based on the Algorithms of TDNN and GMM

Friction fault diagnosis of rotating machinery based on acoustic emission ( AE) technique is a research hotspot in recent years. The rotating machinery will produce multi-source noise during the operation process, so how to correctly identify the friction acoustic emission signals has become a key factor for accurate diagnosis of the fault. In this paper, it proposes a Gaussian mixed model (GMM) based on an embedded time delay neural network (TDNN) to identify friction acoustic emission signals. It comprehensively utilizes the advantages of the learning ability of time delay neural network abo ut data structure and data distribution presentation capability of Gaussian mixture model. Time delay neural network fully exploits the time-ordered of eigenvector set, makes the maximum likelihood probability more reasonable which needs to assume that the variables are independent of each other through the transformation of the time delay network and uses them for the training as a whole with the criteria of maximum likelihood (ML) probability. During the training process, the parameters of Gaussian mixture model and neural network update alternately. The average amplitude, maximum amplitude, amplitude dynamic range, the Hurst exponent and approximate entropy (ApEn) of friction acoustic emission signals are selected as the characteristic parameters of fault recognition and these five parameters constitutes the input parameters vector of the identification model. Through the verificatio n the AE signals of different friction states collected on the rotor test bed, the experimental results show that the identification method o f rotor friction acoustic emission signals of Gaussian mixed model based on embedded time delay neural network is an effective mean of identification with high recognition efficiency.
Proton pump inhibitors enhance the effects of cytotoxic agents in chemoresistant epithelial ovarian carcinoma

This study was designed to investigate whether proton pump inhibitors (PPI, V-ATPase blocker) could increase the effect of cytotoxic agents in chemoresistant epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Expression of V-ATPase protein was evaluated in patients with EOC using immunohistochemistry, and patient survival was compared based on expression of V-ATPase mRNA from a TCGA data set. In vitro, EOC cell lines were treated with chemotherapeutic agents with or without V-ATPase siRNA or PPI (omeprazole) pretreatment. Cell survival and apoptosis was assessed using MTT assay and ELISA, respectively. In vivo experiments were performed to confirm the synergistic effect with omeprazole and paclitaxel on tumor growth in orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. Expression of V-ATPase protein in ovarian cancer tissues was observed in 44 patients (44/59, 74.6%). Higher expression of V-ATPase mRNA was associated with poorer overall survival in TCGA data. Inhibition of V-ATPase by siRNA or omeprazole significantly increased cytotoxicity or apoptosis to paclitaxel in chemoresistant (HeyA8-MDR, SKOV3-TR) and clear cell carcinoma cells (ES-2, RMG-1), but not in chemosensitive cells (HeyA8, SKOV3ip1). Moreover, the combination of omeprazole and paclitaxel significantly decreased the total tumor weight compared with paclitaxel alone in a chemoresistant EOC animal model and a PDX model of clear cell carcinoma. However, this finding was not observed in chemosensitive EOC animal models. These results show that omeprazole pretreatment can increase the effect of chemotherapeutic agents in chemoresistant EOC and clear cell carcinoma via reduction of the acidic tumor microenvironment.
Water vs. oil hydraulic actuation for a robot leg

The significant competitive advantage of hydraulics (high power density, large output force/torque and wide range of speeds) together with the properties of water (low compressibility, high thermal conductivity, low solubility of air, non-flammability and no environmental hazard) make water hydraulic actuation very suitable for systems such as legged robots. This paper addresses the comparison between a water and an oil hydraulically actuated robot leg. The mechanism and operation principle of a two degree of freedom leg are presented. In details, numerical studies have been carried out to investigate accuracy, responses, required flow, pressure in the actuator chambers and efficiency of the two actuation means.
2 Changes over Time in the Personal Networks and Health of Older Adults

It is generally recognized that being old is not the same as being socially isolated. Considering one social isolation indicator, a lack of personal network members, can substantiate this view. The personal network consists of the group of people (i.e. spouse, children, relatives, neighbors, friends, fellow members of organizations and acquaintances) with whom the focal person has a direct personal relationship. These relationships are selected from a broader social context of latent relationships, for example, relationships which are not maintained, or relationships with new acquaintances which have not yet reached a personal level. There are undeniably some older adults with very small personal networks, but nearly all studies have shown that most older people have a significant number of relationships. In several studies, the modal network size of older adults has been assessed to range from approximately 5 to 10; higher averages were observed in some studies using deviating network delineation methods (see the overview by Broese van Groenou and Van Tilburg, 1996). Furthermore, old people in general are no more vulnerable to losses in their network than young people (Berkman, Oxman and Seeman 1992). However, the question of whether the aging of old people results in losses in their personal network remains open for discussion. Decline and loss associated with advanced age (known as the deficit model) have been the primary focus of gerontology (Baltes and Carstensen 1996). The limitation of such personal resources as health may reduce the possibilities for maintaining relationships, resulting in the loss of network members (Morgan 1988). This is of particular importance with regard to vulnerable relationships, such as uniplex relationships in which people only share one type of activity (Tijhuis 1994). A second reason for the deterioration of relationships may be that people in poor health are in need of support, but are restricted in reciprocating this support (Dowd 1984). When support received within a relationship is not returned, it is less likely that the receipt of support will continue, and the balance of receiving and giving support within the relationship will be affected.
No evidence for Wolbachia‐induced parthenogenesis in the social Hymenoptera

In some parasitoid wasps, infection by the micro‐organism Wolbachia leads to asexual reproduction. Within the Hymenoptera, the limits of distribution of parthenogenesis inducing Wolbachia have not yet been established. To address this issue, we screened all known thelytokous social hymenopteran species using a PCR assay. None was infected, and therefore we conclude that worker thelytoky evolves independently of Wolbachia in ants and bees. This supports the previously proposed hypothesis that a sex determining system based on heterozygosity may form a proximate limitation to Wolbachia‐induced parthenogenesis.
Antecedents of consumer relative preference for interpersonal information sources in pre-purchase search

Past research has demonstrated clearly the importance of pre-purchase information search within the buying process. Scholars have identified several sources used by consumers in order to obtain information relevant to their purchase situation. Among the various information sources, interpersonal non-commercial sources seem to play an important role in consumers' choice decisions. The present study examines potential antecedents of consumer relative preference for interpersonal information search. The proposed antecedents include personality traits such as individuals' susceptibility to interpersonal influence, their need for cognition and their self-confidence, as well as individual differences in product knowledge and perceived risk associated with the purchase of a specific product. Using structural equation modelling on survey data (419 respondents), seven hypotheses — describing relationships between the diverse variables of the model — were tested. The results indicate that consumer relative preference for interpersonal information search was significantly influenced by consumers' susceptibility to interpersonal influence, their need for cognition, their self-confidence and their product knowledge. Consumers' product knowledge also influenced their perceived risk, which did not affect their preference for interpersonal search significantly. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning Arbitrary Statistical Mixtures of Discrete Distributions

We study the problem of learning from unlabeled samples very general statistical mixture models on large finite sets. Specifically, the model to be learned, mix, is a probability distribution over probability distributions p, where each such p is a probability distribution over [n] = {1,2,. ,n}. When we sample from mix, we do not observe p directly, but only indirectly and in very noisy fashion, by sampling from [n] repeatedly, independently K times from the distribution p. The problem is to infer mix to high accuracy in transportation (earthmover) distance. We give the first efficient algorithms for learning this mixture model without making any restricting assumptions on the structure of the distribution $\mix$. We bound the quality of the solution as a function of the size of the samples K and the number of samples used. Our model and results have applications to a variety of unsupervised learning scenarios, including learning topic models and collaborative filtering.
Frequency characteristic and its application of the cell resistance in aluminum electrolysis

The cell resistance signals from different cell status were analyzed by both the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) and power spectrum density (PSD) estimate based on AR model in order to obtain the frequency characteristics of the signals. By comparing the frequency characteristic, the source of the frequency was indicated. Results showed the main frequency domain of the cell resistance is below 0.1Hz and there was a stable low frequency signal caused by the variation of alumina content and the regulation of polar distance in the electrolysis operation; When the fluid aluminum fluctuated quickly, there was an obvious wave crest in higher frequency; when anode is abnormal, there were two obvious wave crests in higher frequency.
Optical-Layer Traffic Engineering With Link Load Estimation for Large-Scale Optical Networks

Traffic information is required to perform optical-layer traffic engineering (TE). However, as the number of nodes in optical networks increases, the overhead for collecting the traffic volume information becomes large. In this paper, we develop a method that reduces the overhead for collecting traffic volume information by selecting a subset of nodes and by only collecting the traffic volume information from the selected nodes. Then, we estimate the traffic volume using the information gathered from the selected nodes. According to the simulation results, we clarify that our method can accurately identify the congested links in real ISP topologies, where the number of traffic demands passing through some links is large; however, the estimation errors of our method become large when the number of traffic demands passing each link is small. Furthermore, optical-layer TE can sufficiently mitigate congestion by using the traffic volume estimated by our method from the information on 50% of all nodes in the case of the Japan topology and 30% of all nodes in the case of the AT&T topology.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Effects of Tumor Support or Suppression

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can exhibit a marked tropism towards site of tumors. Many studies have reported that tumor progression and metastasis increase by MSCs. In contrast, other studies have shown that MSCs suppress growth of tumors. MSCs contribute to tumor growth promotion by several mechanisms: (1) transition to tumor-associated fibroblasts; (2) suppression of immune response; (3) promotion of angiogenesis; (4) stimulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); (5) contribution to the tumor microenvironment; (6) inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis; and (7) promotion of tumor metastasis. In contrast to the tumor-promoting properties, MSCs inhibit tumor growth by increasing inflammatory infiltration, inhibiting angiogenesis, suppressing Wnt signaling and AKT signaling, and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In this review, we will discuss potential mechanisms by which MSC mediates tumor support or suppression and then the possible tumor-specific therapeutic strategies using MSCs as delivery vehicles, based on their homing potential to tumors.
A novel radiation hardened by design latch

Due to aggressive technology scaling, radiation-induced soft errors have become a serious reliability concern in VLSI chip design. This paper presents a novel radiation hardened by design latch with high single-event-upset (SEU) immunity. The proposed latch can effectively mitigate SEU by internal dual interlocked scheme. The propagation delay, power dissipation and power delay product of the presented latch are evaluated by detailed SPICE simulations. Compared with previous SEU-hardening solutions such as TMR-Latch, the presented latch is more area efficient, delay and power efficient. Fault injection simulations also demonstrate the robustness of the presented latch even under high energy particle strikes.
Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography for diagnosis of invasive mold diseases in patients with hematological malignancies.

BACKGROUND Invasive mold diseases (IMDs) of the lung remain a challenge for immunocompromised patients. Although timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the outcome of the infection, the poor sensitivity of microbiological techniques and the limited specificity of chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) often delay definitive diagnosis of these infections. METHODS To explore the diagnostic utility of computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for detecting angioinvasive patterns of pulmonary infection, we performed a single-center, prospective, nonrandomized trial involving 36 patients with hematological malignancies who had clinical suspicion of IMD, as defined by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycosis Study Group diagnostic criteria. RESULTS We found that 5 of 5 patients with proven IMD had CTPA-positive findings consistent with interruption of the arterial vessels (concordance, 100%). CTPA findings were positive in 5 of 7 patients with probable IMD (findings for 2 were considered false negative because lesions were too small or not evaluable). In 15 of 24 patients with a final diagnosis of possible IMD, CTPA findings were negative for 14 patients and were positive for 1 patient, who had septic emboli associated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. CTPA findings were positive in the remaining 9 patients with a final diagnosis of possible IMD at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that CTPA appears to be a promising tool to exclude the diagnosis of IMD in high-risk patients without specific findings on HRCT scans, and it is most useful in the presence of well-circumscribed lesions in which there is suspicion for IMD.