Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A classification method of cooking operations based on eye movement patterns

We are developing a cooking support system that coaches beginners. In this work, we focus on eye movement patterns while cooking meals because gaze dynamics include important information for understanding human behavior. The system first needs to classify typical cooking operations. In this paper, we propose a gaze-based classification method and evaluate whether or not the eye movement patterns have a potential to classify the cooking operations. We improve the conventional N-gram model of eye movement patterns, which was designed to be applied for recognition of office work. Conventionally, only relative movement from the previous frame was used as a feature. However, since in cooking, users pay attention to cooking ingredients and equipments, we consider fixation as a component of the N-gram. We also consider eye blinks, which is related to the cognitive state. Compared to the conventional method, instead of focusing on statistical features, we consider the ordinal relations of fixation, blink, and the relative movement. The proposed method estimates the likelihood of the cooking operations by Support Vector Regression (SVR) using frequency histograms of N-grams as explanatory variables.
Compliance of induced quantities in human model for wireless power transfer system at 10 MHz

In this study, first, compliance of specific absorption rate (SAR) and induced electric field for wireless power transfer system is reviewed. Then, the SAR/induced electric field in the human body are computationally evaluated separately due to (i) magnetic field generated from/by the system and (ii) contact current. A two-step approach based on quasistatic approximation is used for the dosimetry for (i) while a finite-difference time-domain method is used for (ii). Computational results are compared with the limit prescribed in the guidelines to obtain insight about an allowable transfer power.
Stress and displacement fields in tensile tests of multidirectional laminates with flexible clamped ends

The tensile test of a multidirectional laminate of strip geometry is analysed assuming that the clamping system imposes elastic restrictions to the rotations at both ends. The problem has five redundant unknowns that are determined by applying Engesser’s second theorem. Thus, the stress field can be obtained including clamping effects. The displacement field is determined by applying Engesser’s first theorem in conjunction with the unit load method. Hygrothermal effects are also included in the analysis. A method for determining the end compliances based on longitudinal strain and out-of-plane displacement measurements is proposed. Experiments are simulated by numerical results corresponding to AS4/3501-6 carbon/epoxy composite. Finally, two examples concerning multidirectional laminates with general coupling are analysed.
Gangliosides of monocyte‐derived macrophages of adults with advanced HIV infection show reduced surface accessibility

Gangliosides of macrophages are potent immunoregulatory molecules. A monoclonal antibody directed at human macrophage gangliosides (25F4) inhibits macrophage migration with relative specificity. Recent reports suggested that greater expression of Gm1 in mononuclear cells accompanies advanced HIV infection, although others failed to demonstrate any differences in vitro. We purified gangliosides from blood monocyte‐derived macrophages obtained from HIV‐infected adults. Densitometric analysis of chromatograms demonstrated no differences in relative quantities of any macrophage gangliosides among all HIV‐positive and ‐negative donors. Antibody 25F4 showed equivalent ELISA reactivity with purified macrophage gangliosides of HIV‐positive and ‐negative donors. However, intact macrophages of HIV donors with CD4 + cell counts <200/mm3 showed impaired immunofluorescent surface expression of the 25F4 epitope and concomitant loss of migration inhibitory responsiveness. Thus, although relative content is unchanged, macrophage gangliosides become surface‐inaccessible in adults with advanced HIV infection. Our data provide further evidence that dysregulation of glycosphingolipid metabolism in HIV‐1 infection contributes to immune dysfunction. J. Leukoc. Biol. 64: 311–321; 1998.
Extracted global structure makes local building block processing effective in XCS

Michigan-style learning classifier systems (LCSs), such as the accuracy-based XCS system, evolve distributed problem solutions represented by a population of rules. Recently, it was shown that decomposable problems may require effective processing of subsets of problem attributes, which cannot be generally assured with standard crossover operators. A number of competent crossover operators capable of effective identification and processing of arbitrary subsets of variables or string positions were proposed for genetic and evolutionary algorithms. This paper effectively introduces two competent crossover operators to XCS by incorporating techniques from competent genetic algorithms (GAs): the extended compact GA (ECGA) and the Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA). Instead of applying standard crossover operators, here a probabilistic model of the global population is built and sampled to generate offspring classifiers locally. Various offspring generation methods are introduced and evaluated. Results indicate that the performance of the proposed learning classifier systems XCS/ECGA and XCS/BOA is similar to that of XCS with informed crossover operators that is given all information about problem structure on input and exploits this knowledge using problem-specific crossover operators.
Overpressure generation and evolution in a compressional tectonic setting, the southern margin of Junggar Basin, northwestern China

Overpressure is widespread in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, northwestern China. Pressure measurements in drillstem tests and repeated formation tests and estimates from wire-line logs indicate contrasting overpressure values between permeable sandstones and adjacent low-permeability mudrocks. In addition, excess pressure differs among anticlines with similar depth, lithologies, and geologic age, indicating significant lateral changes of overpressure. Major factors controlling overpressure generation and distribution include rapid sediment deposition, pressure compartmentalization by thick mudrocks, tectonic stress, faulting, and folding. Clay transformation and hydrocarbon generation are believed to be insignificant in overpressure generation in the southern Junggar Basin. Numerical modeling of pressure generation and evolution suggests that faulting and stratal tilting associated with folding are the most significant factors in the overpressure generation of a permeable sandstone. The extremely high overpressure (pressure coefficient up to 2.43) may have been caused by hydraulic adjustment within permeable sandstones associated with structural deformation caused by post-Miocene intense tectonic activities.
Cognition-based networks: Applying cognitive science to multimedia wireless networking

Several techniques for wireless networking, such as opportunistic spectrum access, or self-healing networks, may be seen as using a form of cognition, meaning that they mimic reasoning processes of intelligent beings. We propose to expand this cognition-based process by exploiting the parallel processing power of the infrastructure, so as to go beyond cognition as is meant by these approaches. We leverage novel approaches, taken from cognitive science and artificial intelligence, involving not only supervised but also unsupervised learning, and we envision their application to systems for video over wireless. The transmission of multimedia content, and its adaptation to the condition of the communication infrastructure, i.e., the wireless channel or the content delivery network, are envisioned as particularly critical steps for the development of latest generation mobile networks. For this scenario, we propose and evaluate a video classifier based on a Restricted Boltzmann Machine that tries to extract abstract features of videos from the analysis of the sizes of a few coded frames. These features can then be exploited by the communication network itself to optimize video transmission based on its content.
The GCKIII Kinase Sps1 and the 14-3-3 Isoforms, Bmh1 and Bmh2, Cooperate to Ensure Proper Sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Sporulation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a developmental program initiated in response to nutritional deprivation. Sps1, a serine/threonine kinase, is required for sporulation, but relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms through which it regulates this process. Here we show that SPS1 encodes a bona-fide member of the GCKIII subfamily of STE20 kinases, both through phylogenetic analysis of the kinase domain and examination of its C-terminal regulatory domain. Within the regulatory domain, we find Sps1 contains an invariant ExxxPG region conserved from plant to human GCKIIIs that we call the EPG motif; we show this EPG motif is important for SPS1 function. We also find that Sps1 is phosphorylated near its N-terminus on Threonine 12, and that this phosphorylation is required for the efficient production of spores. In Sps1, Threonine 12 lies within a 14-3-3 consensus binding sequence, and we show that the S. cerevisiae 14-3-3 proteins Bmh1 and Bmh2 bind Sps1 in a Threonine 12-dependent fashion. This interaction is significant, as BMH1 and BMH2 are required during sporulation and genetically interact with SPS1 in sporulating cells. Finally, we observe that Sps1, Bmh1 and Bmh2 are present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm during sporulation. We identify a nuclear localization sequence in Sps1 at amino acids 411–415, and show that this sequence is necessary and sufficient for nuclear localization. Taken together, these data identify regions within Sps1 critical for its function and indicate that SPS1 and 14-3-3s act together to promote proper sporulation in S. cerevisiae.
Traffic-redundancy aware network design

We consider network design problems for information networks where routers can replicate data but cannot alter it. This functionality allows the network to eliminate data-redundancy in traffic, thereby saving on routing costs. We consider two problems within this framework and design approximation algorithms. The first problem we study is the traffic-redundancy aware network design (RAND) problem. We are given a weighted graph over a single server and many clients. The server owns a number of different data packets and each client desires a subset of the packets; the client demand sets form a laminar set system. Our goal is to connect every client to the source via a single path, such that the collective cost of the resulting network is minimized. Here the transportation cost over an edge is its weight times times the number of distinct packets that it carries. The second problem is a facility location problem that we call RAFL. Here the goal is to find an assignment from clients to facilities such that the total cost of routing packets from the facilities to clients (along unshared paths), plus the total cost of "producing" one copy of each desired packet at each facility is minimized. We present a constant factor approximation for the RAFL and an O(log P) approximation for RAND, where P is the total number of distinct packets. We remark that P is always at most the number of different demand sets desired or the number of clients, and is generally much smaller.
Evaluation of long term stress crack resistance of corrugated high density polyethylene pipes

The 100 year stress crack resistance of corrugated high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes was evaluated using a 600 mm diameter pipe. The stress crack resistance (SCR) tests were performed on the finished pipe at the liner and junction locations. The notched constant ligament stress test was used for the pipe liner assessment. For the pipe junction, a new method was developed to assess the effects of the liner corrugation join geometry. The test media was water at different elevated temperatures to accelerate crack growth rate. Two extrapolation methods, Popelar's shift method and the rate processing method (RPM), were examined by comparing the predicted curve with experimental data. The results indicate that the RPM is a more reliable method, and has been adopted to perform the failure time prediction at 23°C. The predicted time was found to exceed 100 years at the stress level of 3·4 MPa. Based on the test results, specification for 100 year stress crack resistance of corrugated HDPE pipes was established.
Robust Out-of-Sample Data Recovery

Trace norm based rank regularization techniques have been successfully applied to learn a low-rank recovery for high-dimensional noise data. In many applications, it is desirable to add new samples to previously recovered data which is known as out-of-sample data recovery problem. However, traditional trace norm based regularization methods can not naturally cope with new samples and thus fail to deal with out-of-sample data recovery. In this paper, we propose a new robust out-of-sample data recovery (ROSR) model for trace norm based regularization methods. An effective iterative algorithm, with the proof of convergence, is presented to find the optimal solution of ROSR problem. As an application, we apply our ROSR to image classification task. Experimental results on six image datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed ROSR method.
Docking small ligands in flexible binding sites

A novel procedure for docking ligands in a flexible binding site is presented. It relies on conjugate gradient minimization, during which nonbonded interactions are gradually switched on. Short Monte Carlo minimization runs are performed on the most promising candidates. Solvation is implicitly taken into account in the evaluation of structures with a continuum model. It is shown that the method is very accurate and can model induced fit in the ligand and the binding site. The docking procedure has been successfully applied to three systems. The first two are the binding of progesterone and 5β‐androstane‐3,17‐dione to the antigen binding fragment of a steroid binding antibody. A comparison of the crystal structures of the free and the two complexed forms reveals that any attempt to model binding must take protein rearrangements into account. Furthermore, the two ligands bind in two different orientations, posing an additional challenge. The third test case is the docking of Nα‐(2‐naphthyl‐sulfonyl‐glycyl)‐D‐para‐amidino‐phenyl‐alanyl‐piperidine (NAPAP) to human α‐thrombin. In contrast to steroids, NAPAP is a very flexible ligand, and no information of its conformation in the binding site is used. All docking calculations are started from X‐ray conformations of proteins with the uncomplexed binding site. For all three systems the best minima in terms of free energy have a root mean square deviation from the X‐ray structure smaller than 1.5 Å for the ligand atoms. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 19: 21–37, 1998
Influence of Alloying Elements on Interfacial Reaction and Strength of Aluminum/Steel Dissimilar Joints for Light Weight Car Body

Dissimilar joining of Al alloys and steel was carried out using diffusion bonding process. The effects of Si and Mg contents of Al alloys and bonding parameters on the interfacial reaction were fundamentally investigated. While the reaction layers consisting of Fe-Al type intermetallic compounds (IMCs) formed at the interfacial region, in the joint with Al alloys including 1mass% Si or more a ternary Fe-Al-Si IMC layer formed at the Al alloy side. The growth of the reaction layers followed the parabolic growth low. A maximum joint strength was obtained at an average reaction layer thickness ranging from 0.5 to 1μm. The thicker reaction layer caused the fracture of the joints at a lower stress because of brittleness of the IMCs, and the thinner reaction layer including un-bonded interface also resulted in a low joint strength. As a result a thin and uniform reaction layer including less un-bonded interface can realize a high joint strength. Since the Fe-Al-Si IMC layer uniformly formed more rapidly than the binary Fe-Al IMCs in the joint with Al alloys including 1mass% Si or more, a higher joint strength was obtained at a thinner average reaction layer. As a result, it was found that the chemical compositions of 6000 series Al alloy controlled to be Mg (0.6 to 1.0mass%) and Si (more than 1.0mass%) were appropriate to obtain the better bonding characteristics.
Combining Deduction and Algebraic Constraints for Hybrid System Analysis

We show how theorem proving and methods for handling real algebraic constraints can be combined for hybrid system verification. In particular, we highlight the interaction of deductive and algebraic reasoning that is used for handling the joint discrete and continuous behaviour of hybrid systems. We illustrate proof tasks that occur when verifying scenarios with cooperative traffic agents. From the experience with these examples, we analyse proof strategies for dealing with the practical challenges for integrated algebraic and deductive verification of hybrid systems, and we propose an iterative background closure strategy.
Comparison Between the Original and Shortened Versions of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in Ischemic Stroke Patients of Intermediate Severity

Background and Purpose— The 15-item National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) has been critiqued for its complexity and variability, and shortened versions have been proposed. This study aimed to compare the measurement properties of the original version with 3 shortened versions with 11, 8, and 5 items, respectively. Methods— Analyses were performed using data from an international, double-blind randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of MLC601 on stroke recovery in patients with ischemic stroke of intermediate severity (Chinese Medicine Neuroaid Efficacy on Stroke recovery [CHIMES]). To compare discriminative ability and responsiveness to change, the effect sizes of the NIHSS scores in relation to modified Rankin Scale, mini-mental status examination, and Barthel index were estimated using regression analysis. Results— For both discriminative ability and responsiveness to change, the original version exhibited a larger effect size (0.55 and 0.84) in relation to modified Rankin Scale than the other 3 shortened versions (0.35–0.46 and 0.74–0.78). Conclusions— The original 15-item NIHSS retained information that made it more discriminative and responsive to change than the shortened versions. We recommend future clinical researchers to use the full version NIHSS to evaluate patients’ stroke severity. Clinical Trial Registration Information— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00554723.
UMons at MediaEval 2015 Affective Impact of Movies Task including Violent Scenes Detection

In this paper, we present the work done at UMons regarding the MediaEval 2015 Affective Impact of Movies Task (including Violent Scenes Detection). This task can be divided into two subtasks. On the one hand, Violent Scene Detection, which means automatically finding scenes that are violent in a set if videos. And on the other hand, evaluate the affective impact of the video, through an estimation of the valence and arousal. In order to offer a solution for both detection and classification subtasks, we investigate different visual and auditory feature extraction methods. An i-vector approach is applied for the audio, and optical flow maps processed through a deep convolutional neural network are tested for extracting features from the video. Classifiers based on probabilistic linear discriminant analysis and fully connected feed-forward neural networks are then used.
Streamability of nested word transductions

We consider the problem of evaluating in streaming (i.e. in a single left-to-right pass) a nested word transduction with a limited amount of memory. A transduction T is said to be height bounded memory (HBM) if it can be evaluated with a memory that depends only on the size of T and on the height of the input word. We show that it is decidable in coNPTime for a nested word transduction defined by a visibly pushdown transducer (VPT), if it is HBM. In this case, the required amount of memory may depend exponentially on the height of the word. We exhibit a sufficient, decidable condition for a VPT to be evaluated with a memory that depends quadratically on the height of the word. This condition defines a class of transductions that strictly contains all determinizable VPTs.
On improving the performance of sparse matrix-vector multiplication

We analyze single node performance of sparse matrix vector multiplication by investigating issues of data locality and fine grained parallelism. We examine the data locality characteristics of the compressed sparse row representation and consider improvements in locality through matrix permutation. Motivated by potential improvements in fine grained parallelism, we evaluate modified sparse matrix representations. The results lead to general conclusions about improving single node performance of sparse matrix vector multiplication in parallel libraries of sparse iterative solvers.
How Experts Solve a Novel Problem in Experimental Design

Research on expert-novice differences has mainly focused on how experts solve familiar problems. We know far less about the skills and knowledge used by experts when they are confronted with novel problems within their area of expertise. This article discusses a study in which verbal protocols were taken from subjects of various expertise designing an experiment in an area with which they were unfamiliar. The results showed that even when domain knowledge is lacking, experts solve a novel problem within their area of expertise by dividing the problem into a number of subproblems that are solved in a specified order. The lack of domain knowledge is compensated for by using abstract knowledge structures and domain-specific heuristic strategies. However, the quality of their solutions is considerably lower than the quality attained by experts who were familiar with the type of problem to be solved. The results suggest that when experts are confronted with novel problems as compared with familiar problems, their form of reasoning remains intact, but the content of their reasoning suffers due to lack of domain knowledge.
Sparse Representation in Structured Dictionaries With Application to Synthetic Aperture Radar

Sparse signal representations and approximations from overcomplete dictionaries have become an invaluable tool recently. In this paper, we develop a new, heuristic, graph-structured, sparse signal representation algorithm for overcomplete dictionaries that can be decomposed into subdictionaries and whose dictionary elements can be arranged in a hierarchy. Around this algorithm, we construct a methodology for advanced image formation in wide-angle synthetic aperture radar (SAR), defining an approach for joint anisotropy characterization and image formation. Additionally, we develop a coordinate descent method for jointly optimizing a parameterized dictionary and recovering a sparse representation using that dictionary. The motivation is to characterize a phenomenon in wide-angle SAR that has not been given much attention before: migratory scattering centers, i.e., scatterers whose apparent spatial location depends on aspect angle. Finally, we address the topic of recovering solutions that are sparse in more than one objective domain by introducing a suitable sparsifying cost function. We encode geometric objectives into SAR image formation through sparsity in two domains, including the normal parameter space of the Hough transform.