Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do etiological influences on aggression overlap with those on rule breaking? A meta-analysis

Background Although aggressive (AGG) and non-aggressive rule-breaking (RB) dimensions of antisocial behavior have been shown to be differentially heritable, available studies have disagreed on the extent to which the genetic and environmental factors influencing AGG also influence RB. The current meta-analysis sought to clarify the extent of etiological overlap between AGG and RB. Method Thirteen twin/sibling studies examining the covariation between AGG and RB were collected, of which 11 (with 12 independent samples) were ultimately included in the analyses (n=12923 twin/sibling pairs). Genetic and environmental correlations between AGG and RB served as study effect sizes. When squared, these correlations directly index the proportion of genetic and environmental overlap. Data were analyzed using mixed effect models. Results Analyses revealed that genetic influences on AGG were largely, but not entirely, distinct from those on RB: only 38.4% of the genetic influences on AGG overlapped with those on RB. Similarly, only 10.2% of the non-shared environmental influences on AGG overlapped with those on RB. Although the conclusion that etiological influences on AGG are partially distinct from those on RB persisted across several potential moderators, the age of the sample and the informant used were found to moderate the extent of overlap. Conclusions The findings underscore the presence of meaningful etiological distinctions between AGG and RB, and imply that future conceptualizations of antisocial behavior should be organized (at least in part) around the dimensions of AGG and RB.
Power Efficient Class AB Op-Amps With High and Symmetrical Slew Rate

Various class AB two-stage op-amps with high and approximately symmetrical slew rate and very simple architecture are introduced in this brief. A current replicating branch with scaled-down transistors in combination with adaptive loads is used to implement a push-pull output stage with maximum output current several times higher than the bias current. Postlayout simulation and measurement results are presented and verify a 400%-500% slew rate and 80%-100% GB enhancement with only 5% additional quiescent power dissipation and 20% silicon area increase.
Role of the virion host shutoff (vhs) of herpes simplex virus type 1 in latency and pathogenesis

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) UL41 gene product, virion host shutoff (vhs), has homologs among five alphaherpesviruses (HSV-1, HSV-2, pseudorabies virus, varicella-zoster virus, and equine herpesvirus 1), suggesting a role for this protein in neurotropism. A mutant virus, termed UL41NHB, which carries a nonsense linker in the UL41 open reading frame at amino acid position 238 was generated. UL41NHB and a marker-rescued virus, UL41NHB-R, were characterized in vitro and tested for their ability to replicate in vitro and in vivo and to establish and reactivate from latency in a mouse eye model. As demonstrated by Western blotting (immunoblotting) and Northern (RNA) blotting procedures, UL41NHB encodes an appropriately truncated vhs protein and, as expected for a vhs null mutant, fails to induce the degradation of cellular glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA. The growth of UL41NHB was not significantly altered in one-step growth curves in Vero or mouse C3H/10T1/2 cells but was impaired in corneas, in trigeminal ganglia, and in brains of mice compared with the growth of KOS and UL41NHB-R. As a measure of establishment of latency, quantitative DNA PCR showed that the amount of viral DNA within trigeminal ganglia latently infected with UL41NHB was reduced by approximately 30-fold compared with that in KOS-infected ganglia and by 50-fold compared with that in UL41NHB-R-infected ganglia. Explant cocultivation studies revealed a low reactivation frequency for UL41NHB (1 of 28 ganglia, or 4%) compared with that for KOS (56 of 76, or 74%) or UL41NHB-R (13 of 20 or 65%). Taken together, these results demonstrate that vhs represents a determinant of viral pathogenesis.
A prediction model for prehospital triage of patients with suspected cardiac ischemia.

The American College of Cardiology recommends that patients with high risk acute myocardial infarction (AMI) be triaged to hospitals with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty capability. However, there are no prehospital triage criteria to select candidates for bypassing community hospitals and being taken directly to "cardiac centers. " This article assesses which independent variables predict death within 7 days in patients with suspected AMI transported by EMS. This is a retrospective study of 291 AMI patients transported by ambulance to 3 hospitals during 1996-1997. Included were patients who were (n = 244) > or =18 years of age, had a ED chief complaint of chest pain or dyspnea for whom we had mortality data. Mortality at 7 days, our primary outcome measure, was obtained by using a metropolitan Detroit tricounty death index records. Differences between the survivors and nonsurvivors were assessed using the Student's t-test and chi-square tests. Multiple triage criteria were assessed for optimal identification of high risk patients by constructing a logistic multivariate model. Among the study population, 15% died within 7 days (95% confidence interval (CI) 10.3-19.2), and this group represented 63.2% of all deaths over a 2 year surveillance period. Survivors, compared to nonsurvivors, were 14.1 years younger (P < or = .001) and more often men (P < or = 0.001). The dispatch time to ED arrival was less among survivors than nonsurvivors (42.8 vs. 50.6 min, P < or = .01). EMS vital signs differed by survivor status. Among survivors, HR was lower (-11.9 bpm; P < or = 0.01), RR was lower (-6.7 rpm; P < or = .001), SBP was higher (+14.5 mmHg; P < or = 0.05) and DBP was higher (+13.2 mm Hg; P < or = .01). A multivariate model identified the following as independent predictors of early mortality: female gender (OR = 2.3; P < or = .05), age > or =65 (OR = 5.9; P < or = .01), RR > or = 20 (OR = 4.6; P < or = .001), SBP < 120 (OR = 2.4; P < or = .05). The overall model was 86% sensitive and 53% specific with an area under the receiving operating characteristic curve of 0.8 (P < or = .001). A triage rule based on a multivariate model can identify the group at high risk of early cardiac death. This decision rule needs to be prospectively validated.
Non-Sentential Utterances: Grammar and Dialogue Dynamics in Corpus Annotation

Dialogue is full of intuitively complete utterances that are not sentential in their outward form, most prototypically the "short answers" used to respond to queries. As is well known, processing such non-sentential utterances (NSUs) is a difficult problem on both theoretical and computational grounds. In this paper we present a corpus-based study of NSUs. We propose a comprehensive, theoretically grounded classification of NSUs in dialogue based on a sub-portion of the British National Corpus (BNC). The study suggests that the interpretation of NSUs is amenable to resolution using a relatively intricate grammar combined with an utterance dynamics approach. That is, a strategy that keeps track of a highly structured dialogue record of entities that get introduced into context as a result of utterances. Complex, domain-based reasoning is not, on the whole, very much in evidence.
A Decrease in [Ca2+]c but not in cAMP Mediates L‐AP4 Inhibition of Glutamate Release: PKC‐mediated Suppression of this Inhibitory Pathway

We investigated the mechanism of the inhibition of glutamate release by L‐2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyrate (L‐AP4) in cerebrocortical nerve terminals from young rats (3 weeks of age). The Ca2+‐dependent release of glutamate was reduced by L‐AP4 in a concentration‐dependent manner. This inhibitory effect was prevented by pertussis toxin, insensitive to staurosporine and associated with a reduction both in the depolarization‐evoked increase in the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) and in forskolin‐stimulated cAMP formation. However, the reduction in [Ca2+]c but not in cAMP seemed to be responsible for the decrease in release, since inhibition by L‐AP4 can also be observed in the absence of detectable changes in CAMP. The inhibitory modulation by L‐AP4 was suppressed by the activation of protein kinase C with phorbol esters. The nerve terminals from young rats also exhibited a facilitatory pathway of glutamate release which was mediated by protein kinase C. Interestingly, stimulation of this pathway with the glutamate agonist (1 S,3R)‐1‐aminocyclopentane‐1,3‐dicarboxylate in the presence of arachidonic acid also abolished the inhibitory action of L‐AP4. The dominance of the facilitatory pathway in its interaction with the L‐AP4‐mediated inhibitory control may provide some clues to understand the presynaptic changes during synaptic plasticity.
Effect of annealing on magnetic properties of Ni80Fe20 permalloy nanoparticles with various sizes prepared by polyol method

Ni<inf>80</inf>Fe<inf>20</inf> permalloy nanoparticles (NPs) with narrow size distribution and homogeneous composition have been prepared by the polyol processing at 180 °C for 2h and their particle sizes can be tunable in the size range of 20∼440 nm by proper addition of K<inf>2</inf>PtCl<inf>4</inf> agent. X-ray diffraction results show that the NiFe NPs are of face centered cubic (FCC) structure. The addition of K<inf>2</inf>PtCl<inf>4</inf> does not affect the composition of NiFe NPs but decreases the particle size remarkably. Both saturation magnetization and coercivity of the as-prepared NiFe NPs decrease with decreasing particle size. Annealed at 280 °C, however, the saturation magnetization of various size NiFe nanoparticles increases drastically and approaches to the bulk for the ∼440nm NiFe particles, however, a maximum coercivity (∼270 Oe) happens at a critical size of ∼50 nm. The magnetic property dependency of these NiFe NPs on annealing has been discussed by considering the surface chemistry.
The House of Rothschild: The World's Banker, 1849-1999

It’s an irresistible combination: the world’s favourite financial historian lays bare the secrets of the world’s most iconic financial dynasty; Niall Ferguson and the Rothschilds; unique access to the financial accounts and also to the private correspondence that bound the fraternal volley of five arrows launched by Mayer Amschel Rothschild from the Frankfurt ghetto at the turn of the nineteenth century; and money, power, recurrent racism and intrigue.
Growing Up in a Business Family –An Analytic Autoethnography of ‘Subtle Coerced Succession’

Family businesses are the backbone of the German economy (Otten-Pappas, 2015). The word ‘family’ makes these companies distinct and indicates their influence on other parts of life. My interest stems from the fact that I was the only child of a business family. For 15 years, I was in charge of the business, contributing to its strong performance. Nevertheless, having achieved all this, I am not proud of myself and feel somehow detached in not having lived my own life. The purpose of this analytic autoethnographic study is to explore, portray and deepen understanding of the situation of growing up in a business family and what influences this has on the business, the family and the individual. The research was carried out within an analytic autoethnographic framework, reflecting the desire to make sense of my experience and to give this phenomenon a name in an ‘academic way’. The abductive nature of this study is due to the fact that I draw on theories which have not previously been brought together under the umbrella of describing and portraying the situation in a family business. This research argues that the phenomenon of ‘subtle coerced succession', which is exercised by parents to groom the natural successor for taking over the family business, exists and has a strong influence on the generational interaction. Being aware of the fact of being born in a business family may imply while being the natural successor brings a lot of stress to the individuals involved. Realising this influence on succession might reduce the number of family businesses not making it to the third generation or beyond. My contribution to knowledge is that ‘subtle coerced succession’ has various impacts on the identity development of children born into family businesses and being the natural successor by birth. This study advances the development of theory by demonstrating how theoretical frames borrowed from other research fields – the total institution, the double-bind, gender and symbolic interactionism – fit together to explain the phenomenon of the ‘subtle coerced succession’ in family businesses.
On Wireless Channels with M-Antenna Eavesdroppers: Characterization of the Outage Probability and Outage Secrecy Capacity

In this paper, we consider secure communications between a single antenna transmitter and a single antenna receiver in the presence of a multiple antenna eavesdropper employing MRC or SDC reception. We show that an M-antenna eavesdropper performing SDC reception has precisely the same degrading effect on secrecy as M single antenna eavesdroppers under independent fading conditions. We also show that an M-antenna eavesdropper performing MRC reception causes greater secrecy degradation than an M-antenna eavesdropper performing SDC reception or M single antenna eavesdroppers. We also derive closed-form expressions for the asymptotic high SNR outage secrecy capacity for both the MRC and the SDC eavesdropper cases. Various numerical results are presented that corroborate the analysis.
Debt in just societies: A general framework for regulating credit

Debt presents a dilemma to societies: successful societies benefit from a substantial infrastructure of consumer, commercial, corporate, and sovereign debt but debt can cause substantial private and social harm. Pre‐crisis and post‐crisis solutions have seesawed between subsidizing and restricting debt, between leveraging and deleveraging. A consensus exists among governments and international financial institutions that financial stability is the fundamental normative principle underlying financial regulation. Financial stability, however, is insensitive to equality concerns and can produce morally impermissible aggregations in which the least advantaged in a society are made worse off. Solutions based only on financial stability can restrict debt without accounting for the risk of harm to persons least able to bear the risk, worsen preexisting inequalities, destroy or impair the net worth of households, and impose unfavorable distributive consequences. This article offers a new approach to assist policymakers in developing and evaluating regulation to take criteria in addition to financial stability into account, but which do not undermine the aim of financial stability. It calls for a luck egalitarian approach, offering policymakers options to take the debtor's choices into account while still accounting for cognitive mistakes people often make in debt decisionmaking. It offers a general framework for the underlying principles for the regulation of debt: its focus is not on any particular forms of debt or its regulation but in structuring debt regulation more generally. It offers a set of recommendations on how regulators can take concerns about luck and equality into account in regulatory design.
Speaker Verification using Hidden Markov Models in a Multilingual Text-constrained Framework

This paper expands upon previous work, making use of a multilingual framework for text-constrained speaker verification. The framework attempts to overcome some of the restrictions found with previously developed monolingual text-constrained techniques. Pseudo-syllabic segmentation is used in order to extract regions for the constrained recognition. In this study, a comparison between Gaussian mixture models and hidden Markov models is presented for modelling these syllabic events. Results are presented for the NIST 2004 speaker recognition evaluation corpus. The results suggest that temporal patterns within the frame sequences are present and able to be exploited through use of Markovian modelling. The HMM based system is also compared against a traditional global acoustic GMM-UBM speaker verification system, with encouraging results presented
A Model of Solar Radiation Management Liability

Solar Radiation Management (SRM) is a set of potential technologies to counteract climate change. Liability regimes are one potential form of governance institution to avoid global externalities caused by the SRM "free-driver" problem. In this paper I examine the incentives structure and welfare consequences of SRM liability regimes. Characteristics specific to SRM impact on the incentives that liability regimes provide via the definition of harm and the liability standard. Consequently, a liability regime is defined as a combination of a definition of harm and a liability standard in the model. Providing several interpretations of these two dimensions adequate for the SRM context, I show that only one combination implements the social optimum. A numerical implementation of the model yields that the free-driver problem is moderate given a metric of mean temperature and extreme given a metric of mean precipitation. Furthermore, the implementation suggests that liability regimes are generally capable of mitigationg the free-driver problem substantially and that the choice of the definition of harm is more consequential than the choice of the liability standard.
Early Warning of Impending Oil Crises Using the Predictive Power of Online News Stories

Extreme events (such as natural disasters, political upheaval, economic crises) typically have a strong impact on crude oil markets and related price fluctuations and may eventually emerge to global oil crises. This study attempts to early detect such events based on the predictive power of online news messages. Text mining algorithms are used to turn unstructured news into actionable information and to determine which news can be regarded as relevant for the oil market. Over 45 million news messages have been examined. A decision support system is constructed which uses an indicator metric to set off an alarm based on information gathered from current and historic news stories. Regression analyses statistically attest the predictive power of online news messages and thus demonstrate the potential of the early warning system. The effect on the price of crude oil is statistically significant.
Effects of mild physical activity, atenolol and the combination on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive subjects

Objective: To evaluate whether (β-blocker treatment could enhance the effect of a mild physical training programme upon blood pressure. Design and methods: In 12 hypertensive subjects (mean age: 40.3 years) a prospective randomized Latin square-design trial was performed with three treatments: physical training and placebo tablets; atenolol 50 mg once a day and inactivity; and physical training and atenolol 50 mg once a day. Results: Training significantly increased maximal ventilatory oxygen consumption (VO2MAX) and there was a decrease in ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (DBP) which did not reach statistical significance. Atenolol alone significantly reduced ambulatory systolic blood pressure (SBP) and DBP. Atenolol alone did not reduce VO2MAX. The combination of training and atenolol resulted in an increase in VO2MAX compared with atenolol alone, but no additional significant fall in blood pressure. Conclusions: Atenolol did not enhance the effect of physical training upon blood pressure and had little if any effect upon the training-induced increase in exercise tolerance.
Comparison of Perception of Ethics Among the Accounting Professionals, Accounting Educators and Accounting Students

The concept of 'ethics' in accounting education has gained paramount importance in today’s world. The accounting professionals had experienced controversially the deepest crisis regarding their professions with the discovery that accountants had acceded in notable fictitious financial reporting by corporate giants such as Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, Satyam and the like. The accounting profession in India has started focussing more on accounting ethics at undergraduate and postgraduate levels due to various corporate scandals, especially Satyam scam in India and other scams in the world. Through the close survey of various corporate scams, it is apparently clear that business professionals are likely to be involved in the corporate scandals, their ethical behaviour can be used to measure ethical conduct. Commerce or business students are to become future leaders in business field and their behaviour largely affects the performance of businesses as well as the economic development of the society. Because of the scandals, professionals’ trustworthiness and objectiveness have raised questioned. The various corporate scams have led to increase the demand for accounting ethics within the professionals and students who are in commerce or business education. The purpose of the study is to explore the perception of ethics of accounting students, teachers, and professionals. For the purpose, we sent a questionnaire to accounting professionals, teachers, and students through email and hard copy to collect their views and we have used the ‘z’ score test to make a comparison of the perceptions of ethics among the accounting groups. The result shows significant differences among accounting students, teachers, and professionals regarding perception of accounting ethics.
Relation Between Open and Closed Kinematic Chain Assessment of Knee Strength and Functional Performance

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between concentric isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring strength values with the single leg hop for distance test, a closed kinematic chain activity. DesignCorrelational study. SettingNeuromuscular Research Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh. ParticipantsSubjects for this study consisted of 37 college-aged volunteers (21 men, 16 women: mean age = 22.76 ± 3.52 years, height = 169.90 ± 10.60 cm, weight = 69.31 ± 14.60 kg) with no previous history of injury to the lower extremity. InterventionEach subject performed three trials of a single leg hop for distance lest for the dominant and nondominant limbs followed by isokinetic evaluation. Isokinetic strength was assessed with the Biodex System II Isokinetic Dynamometer (Biodex Medical Inc., Shirley, NY, U.S.A.) for the quadriceps and hamstrings at preset angular velocities of 60°/s (5 repetitions) and 180°/s (30 repetitions). Before testing, each subject completed a dynamic warm-up period that consisted of submaximal cycling at a fixed cadence of 60 revolutions/min followed subsequently by quadriceps and hamstring muscle stretching. Main outcome measuresThe distance hopped in centimeters was converted to a ratio of the distance hopped to the individual leg length measured from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial malleolus. Isokinetic values were obtained for peak torque (Nm), peak torque/body weight (%), total work (Nm), and average power (W). Main resultsLow to moderate significant relationships were found to exist between the single leg hop for distance test and the isokinetic variables for the quadriceps and hamstrings of both limbs at each test velocity. Significant correlation coefficients ranged from r = 0.33 to r = 0.69 at 60°/s and r = 0.33 and r = 0.67 at 180°/s. Correlation coefficients were found to be statistically greater for the hamstrings than the quadriceps for total work and average power at 60°/s and for peak torque/body weight, total work, and average power at 180°/s (p < 0.05). ConclusionsConcentric quadriceps and hamstring strength seem to demonstrate a significant contribution to the single leg hop for distance test; however, the hamstring muscles may play a more important role during the propulsive phase, thereby enabling subjects to jump further.