Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prognosis and Health Monitoring of Nonlinear Systems Using a Hybrid Scheme Through Integration of PFs and Neural Networks

In this paper, a novel hybrid architecture is proposed for developing a prognosis and health monitoring methodology for nonlinear systems through integration of model-based and computationally intelligent-based techniques. In our proposed framework, the well-known particle filters (PFs) method is utilized to estimate the states as well as the health parameters of the system. Simultaneously, the system observations are predicted through an observation forecasting scheme that is developed based on neural networks (NNs) paradigms. The objective is to construct observation profiles that are to be used in future time horizons. Our proposed online training that is utilized for observation forecasting enables the NNs models to track nonergodic changes in the profiles that are present due to presence of hidden damage affecting the system health parameters. The forecasted observations are then utilized in the PFs to predict the evolution of the system states as well as the health parameters (which are considered to be time-varying due to effects of degradation and damage) into future time horizons. Our proposed hybrid architecture enables one to select health signatures for determining the remaining useful life of the system or its components not only based on the system observations but also by taking into account the system health parameters that are not physically measurable. Our proposed hybrid health monitoring methodology is constructed and developed by invoking a special framework where implementation of the observation forecasting scheme is not dependent on the structure of the utilized NNs model. In other words, changing the network structure will not significantly affect the prediction accuracy associated with the entire health prediction scheme. To verify and validate the above results and as a case study, our proposed hybrid approach is applied to predict the health condition of a gas turbine engine when it is affected by and subjected to fouling and erosion degradation and fault damages.
Splice mutation 1811+1.6kbA>G causes severe cystic fibrosis with pancreatic insufficiency: report of 11 compound heterozygous and two homozygous patients

Cystic fibrosis (CF, OMIM 219700) is one of the most common severe hereditary diseases occurring in white populations. It is characterised by considerable heterogeneity in the mutational spectrum and a diverse phenotypic presentation,1 which justifies extensive studies on the correlation between the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator ( CFTR ) genotype and the CF phenotype. Genotype-phenotype data are available especially for common genotypes,2 but information remains scarce or lacking for genotypes of compound heterozygotes with a rare mutation and homozygotes for a rare mutation.3 Among rare CFTR gene mutations, 1811+1.6kbA>G is practically absent in CF patients from other parts of France, but it is not rare in patients genotyped in the south west of France, occurring in fourth place after F508del, G542X, and N1303K. Its frequency is 3.4%4 and higher than 5% with reference to the number of CF chromosomes with a south western geographical origin.5 The mutation 1811+1.6kbA>G, located in intron 11 of the CFTR gene, is (with the mutation 3849+10kbC>T) one of the only two splicing mutations of the CFTR gene that generates a new exon (1811+1.6kbA>G creates a donor site, 3849+10kbC>T an acceptor site). Furthermore, it was previously ranked by Chillon et al 6 among class I mutations responsible for defective CFTR protein production and a severe CF phenotype. However, because it allows a reduced synthesis of normal protein, the mutation 1811+1.6kbA>G has also been reported in class V.7,8 According to the recent classification proposed by Welsh et al ,9 the mutation 1811+1.6kbA>G now belongs definitely to the “new” class I. The present report aims to study as well as possible the clinical severity of the mutation 1811+1.6kbA>G. The clinical data from 13 CF patients originating from the south west region of France and bearing 1811+1.6kbA>G (11 compound heterozygotes and two homozygotes) …
Trends in nutrient intakes, nutritional status, and correlates of undernutrition among rural children below 5 years of age: The National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau Survey 2012

Background: In spite of several national nutrition intervention programs that have been in operation since the past four decades, undernutrition continues to be an important public health problem in India. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the trends in food and nutrient intakes and nutritional status of children in India below 5 years of age. Setting and Design: A community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in ten National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau states by adopting a multistage random sampling procedure. Methods: Data were collected on the household (HH) socioeconomic and demographic particulars, and anthropometric measurements of the children, such as their length/height and weight, were noted. A 24-h dietary recall method was used for assessing dietary intake. Results: Intake of all the foodstuffs except pulses, vegetables, and fats and oils declined over a period of time (1975–1979 to 2011–2012) while the intake of all the micronutrients except Vitamins A and C declined during the same period. The prevalence of undernutrition, i.e. underweight, stunting, and wasting has declined from 76%, 82%, and 27%, respectively in 1975–1979 to 42%, 44%, and 19%,respectively, in 2011–2012 among 1-5 year children. The severe form of undernutrition has also declined during the same period. The prevalence of undernutrition was significantly (P < 0.01) higher among children of illiterate mothers, those belonging to lower socioeconomic status, and those living in nuclear families. Conclusions: The prevalence of undernutrition declined over the period despite the decrease in food and nutrient intake. However, the pace of decline was slower and it was attributed to improved health-care services coupled with control of communicable diseases and increase in the HHs income. Further efforts are needed to improve the literacy of parents, environmental and personal hygiene, along with the food security of HHs through a public distribution system.
Interpolation of Head Related Transfer Functions Considering Acoustics

We are proposing an interpolation technique for head related transfer functions (HRTFs). For deriving the algorithm we study the dual problem where sound is emitted from the listener’s ear and the generated sound field is recorded along a circular array of microphones around the listener. The proposed interpolation algorithm is based on the observation that spatial bandwidth of the measured sound along the circular array is limited (for all practical purposes). Further, we observe that this spatial bandwidth increases linearly with the frequency of the emitted sound. The result of the analysis leads to the conclusion that the necessary angle between HRTFs is about 5 degrees in order to be able to reconstruct all HRTFs up to 44.1 kHz in the horizontal plane.
Evaluation of a partnership between primary and secondary care providing an accessible Level 1 sexual health service in the community

Summary Comprehensive testing for asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections in Northern Ireland has traditionally been provided by genitourinary medicine clinics. As patient demand for services has increased while budgets have remained limited, there has been increasing difficulty in accommodating this demand. In May 2013, the newly commissioned specialist Sexual Health service in the South Eastern Trust sought to pilot a new model of care working alongside a GP partnership of 12 practices. A training programme to enable GPs and practice nurses to deliver Level 1 sexual health care to heterosexual patients aged >16 years, in accordance with the standards of BASHH, was developed. A comprehensive care pathway and dedicated community health advisor supported this new model with close liaison between primary and secondary care. Testing for Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, HIV and syphilis was offered. The aims of the pilot were achieved, namely to provide accessible, cost-effective sexual health care within a framework of robust clinical governance. Furthermore, it uncovered a high positivity rate for Chlamydia, especially in young men attending their general practice, and demonstrated a high level of patient satisfaction. Moreover the capacity of secondary care to deliver Levels 2 and 3 services was increased.
TonB protein appears to transduce energy by shuttling between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane in Escherichia coli

The energy source for active transport of iron–siderophore complexes and vitamin B12 across the outer membrane in Gram‐negative bacteria is the cytoplasmic membrane proton‐motive force (pmf). TonB protein is required in this process to transduce cytoplasmic membrane energy to the outer membrane. In this study, Escherichia coli TonB was found to be distributed in sucrose density gradients approximately equally between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane fractions, while two proteins with which it is known to interact, ExbB and ExbD, as well as the NADH oxidase activity characteristic of the cytoplasmic membrane, were localized in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction. Neither the N‐terminus of TonB nor the cytoplasmic membrane pmf, both of which are essential for TonB activity, were required for TonB to associate with the outer membrane. When the TonB C‐terminus was absent, TonB was found associated with the cytoplasmic membrane, suggesting that the C‐terminus was required for outer membrane association. When ExbB and ExbD, as well as their cross‐talk‐competent homologues TolQ and TolR, were absent, TonB was found associated with the outer membrane. TetA–TonB protein, which cannot interact with ExbB/D, was likewise found associated with the outer membrane. These results indicated that the role of ExbB/D in energy transduction is to bring TonB that has reached the outer membrane back to associate with the cytoplasmic membrane. Two possible explanations exist for the observations presented in this study. One possibility is that TonB transduces energy by shuttling between membranes, and, at some stages in the energy‐transduction cycle, is associated with either the cytoplasmic membrane or the outer membrane, but not with both at the same time. This hypothesis, together with the alternative interpretation that TonB remains localized in the cytoplasmic membrane and changes its affinity for the outer and cytoplasmic membrane during energy transduction, are incorporated with previous observations into two new models, consistent with the novel aspects of this system, that describe a mechanism for TonB‐dependent energy transduction.
Nonlinear dynamics in multimode optical waveguide arrays

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit sind die Untersuchung und das Verstandnis von Effekten, welche durch die nichtlineare Propagation gefuhrter Moden hoherer Ordnung in evaneszent gekoppelten Wellenleiterarrays ermoglicht werden. Um dies zu erreichen wurde die Lichtausbreitung in mehrmodigen Wellenleiterarrays untersucht. In diesen Wellenleiterarrays koppelt die optische Nichtlinearitat zweiter Ordnung ein optisches Feld kleiner Frequenz, die sogenannte Fundamentalwelle, mit dem Feld der zweiten Harmonischen bei der doppelten Frequenz. Die Anregung von hoheren Moden der zweiten Harmonischen aus einer in die Wellenleiter eingekoppelten Fundamentalwelle wurde fur geringe Leistungen sowohl in Einzelwellenleitern als auch in Wellenleiterarrays untersucht. Dabei wurde gezeigt, dass hohere Moden unter Berucksichtigung der entsprechenden Phasenanpassbedingungen kontrolliert angeregt werden konnen. Im Allgemeinen kann eine propagierende Fundamentalmode mit mehreren Moden der zweiten Harmonischen nichtlinear wechselwirken. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde gezeigt, dass diskrete raumliche Solitonen mit zwei verschiedenen Moden der zweiten Harmonischen existieren. Dabei wurden zwei unterschiedliche Typen raumlicher Solitonen identifiziert, in denen die zwei nichtlinearen Wechselwirkungsprozesse miteinander konkurrieren oder sich gegenseitig verstarken. Weiterhin konnte experimentell gezeigt werden, dass fur bestimmte Parameter dynamische raumlich-nichtlineare Effekte durch die konkurrierenden Prozesse unterdruckt werden. Hohere Moden der zweiten Harmonischen in Wellenleiterarrays haben, im Gegensatz zur Grundmode, eine nichtverschwindende lineare Koppelstarke. In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass diese lineare Kopplung der zweiten Harmonischen einen leistungsabhangigen Phasenubergang der diskreten raumlichen Solitonen ermoglicht. Dieser Prozess wurde fur dynamische Lichtausbreitung experimentell nachgewiesen, sobald raumlich lokalisierte Strahlen erzeugt wurden.
Heuristic Methods for Estimating the Generalized Vertex Median of a Weighted Graph

The generalized vertex median of a weighted graph may be found by complete enumeration or by some heuristic method. This paper investigates alternatives and proposes a method that seems to perform well in comparison with others found in the literature. THE PROBLEM of supplying some number of destinations, n, from a number of sources, p, has been attacked with a variety of assumptions and methods. If both sources and destinations are at fixed locations with given quantities available and required, the standard transportation problem of linear programming appears. With given locations for destinations, the determination of locations of sources in a euclidean plane may be called the generalized Weber problem, after the nineteenth century student of industrial location who examined this problem for the special case of the single location. Operational generalizations of this form of the problem have been investigated by COOPER 1 2, 31 using iterative approximation methods that are appropriate where the locations for sources may be treated as continuous in the plane. If destinations consist of fixed nodes on a network, but sources may lie anywhere on network links and destination demands are fixed while source capacities are unconstrained, it has been shown by HAKIMI14, 6 that the problem resolves itself into finding the generalized absolute median of the weighted shortest path graph corresponding to the network. Hakimi also demonstrated that there will exist such a generalized p-median that includes only vertices of the graph, that is, nodes on the network. Thus a solution to this problem will correspond to the case where both destinations and sources lie on nodes of a network, a situation like that investigated for fixed destination demands and unconstrained source capacity by MARANZANA.161 In this paper we deal with the problem of choice of location of p sources of unconstrained capacity from among n destinations having fixed demands and located at nodes of a network. The problem is essentially the same as
Investigating a H∞ control method considering frequency uncertainty for CLC type Inductively Coupled Power Transfer system

Based on Generalized State Space Averaging (GSSA) method, this paper realized the output control of an Inductively Coupled Power Transfer (ICPT) system with frequency uncertainty. The state variables in time domain were expanded to generalized state variables in frequency domain and the linear state space model was established. Using linear fractional transformation, the GSSA model was separated into certainty and uncertainty parts to acquire an expanded state space model with perturbation feedback. And a H-infinite robust control method was proposed. In addition, a mixed sensitivity robust controller in frequency domain was developed to eliminate steady state error. Experimental results verified the proposed control method.
Plasma Lycopene and Antioxidant Vitamins in Asthma: the PLAVA Study

Objective: Scientific evidence suggests that lycopene and antioxidant vitamins have significant antioxidant and protective effects. Methods: This case-control study included 96 subjects (40 asthmatics, 56 healthy control subjects). Baseline blood samples, pulmonary function tests, and clinical and alimentary histories were collected. All subjects were grouped by age, sex, cigarette smoking habit, body mass index, alimentary intake, and atopic status. Results: Serum lycopene concentration was significantly lower in asthmatic subjects than in healthy control subjects (0.10 ± 0.7 μ moL/L vs. 0.16 ± 0.8 μ moL/L − p < 0.001). Serum vitamin A concentration was significantly lower in asthmatics (2.38 ± 0.37 μ moL/L) in respect to control subjects (3.06 ± 0.56 μ moL/L) (p < 0.01). Plasma serum concentration of vitamin E and β-carotene were not found to be different in the two groups. Conclusions: Dietary supplementation or adequate intake of lycopene and vitamin A rich foods may be beneficial in asthmatic subjects.
Regulation of Vps4 During MVB Sorting and Cytokinesis

Multivesicular body (MVB) formation is the result of invagination and budding of the endosomal limiting membrane into its intralumenal space. These intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) contain a subset of endosomal transmembrane cargoes destined for degradation within the lysosome, the result of active selection during MVB sorting. Membrane bending and scission during ILV formation is topologically similar to cytokinesis in that both events require the abscission of a membrane neck that is oriented away from the cytoplasm. The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) represent cellular machinery whose function makes essential contributions to both of these processes. In particular, the AAA‐ATPase Vps4 and its substrate ESCRT‐III are key components that seem to execute the membrane abscission reaction. This review summarizes current knowledge about the Vps4‐ESCRT‐III system and discusses a model for how the recruitment of Vps4 to the different sites of function might be regulated.
Pathway to a phenocopy: Heat stress effects in early embryogenesis

Background: Heat shocks applied at the onset of gastrulation in early Drosophila embryos frequently lead to phenocopies of U‐shaped mutants—having characteristic failures in the late morphogenetic processes of germband retraction and dorsal closure. The pathway from nonspecific heat stress to phenocopied abnormalities is unknown. Results: Drosophila embryos subjected to 30‐min, 38 °C heat shocks at gastrulation appear to recover and restart morphogenesis. Post–heat‐shock development appears normal, albeit slower, until a large fraction of embryos develop amnioserosa holes (diameters > 100 µm). These holes are positively correlated with terminal U‐shaped phenocopies. They initiate between amnioserosa cells and open over tens of minutes by evading normal wound healing responses. They are not caused by tissue‐wide increases in mechanical stress or decreases in cell–cell adhesion, but instead appear to initiate from isolated apoptosis of amnioserosa cells. Conclusions: The pathway from heat shock to U‐shaped phenocopies involves the opening of one or more large holes in the amnioserosa that compromise its structural integrity and lead to failures in morphogenetic processes that rely on amnioserosa‐generated tensile forces. The proposed mechanism by which heat shock leads to hole initiation and expansion is heterochonicity, i.e., disruption of morphogenetic coordination between embryonic and extra‐embryonic cell types. Developmental Dynamics 245:402–413, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Complementing the Execution of AI Systems with Human Computation

For a multitude of tasks that come naturally to humans, performance of AI systems is inferior to human level performance. We show how human intellect made available via crowdsourcing can be used to complement an existing sys-tem during execution. We introduce a hybrid workﬂow that queries people to verify and correct the output of the sys-tem and present a simulation-based workﬂow optimization method to balance the cost of human input with the expected improvement in performance. Through empirical evaluations on an image captioning system, we show that the hybrid sys-tem, which combines the AI system with human input, significantly outperforms the automated system by properly trading off the cost of human input with expected beneﬁt. Finally, we show that human input collected at execution time can be used to teach the system about its errors and limitations.
Pathology of enteric infections induced by the acanthocephalan Profilicollis chasmagnathi in Olrog's gull, Larus atlanticus, from Argentina

Abstract Acanthocephalans can be pathogenic helminths of marine birds. Every year during the breeding season, there is variable mortality among prefledged chicks from the largest known Olrog's gull (Larus atlanticus) colony. Mortality has been associated with infection by the acanthocephalan Profilicollis chasmagnathi. Our aim was to study the role of chicks' size as a risk factor for intensity of infection and severe pathology, and to expand upon previous pathological findings reported in acanthocephalan-infected chicks. Size of the chick was associated with intensity of infection and number of intestinal perforations, which increased by 6.9% and 4.1%, respectively, for each millimetre increment in chick size. Infection was associated with inflammatory enteritis and granulomatous peritonitis. Complete intestinal perforations were observed in 85% and 97.3% of the studied chicks in 2005 and 2006, respectively, and they were observed very early during the post-hatching period. Our results show: (1) the presence of advanced pathology associated with acanthocephalan infections in chicks, beginning very early in the post-hatching period; and (2) significant increases in the intensity of infection and the associated pathology as a function of size of chicks, in dead chicks during this period.
Molecular cloning and genomic structure of human frizzled-3 at chromosome 8p21.

WNT receptors encoded by the Frizzled genes are implicated in carcinogenesis as well as in embryonic development. Human Frizzled-3 (FZD3) gene, encoding seven-transmembrane receptor with the N-terminal cysteine-rich domain, has been cloned and characterized. Expression of the FZD3 mRNAs was investigated by using three FZD3 specific probes: HF3S1, corresponding to the 5'-UTR and a part of the coding region; HF3S2, corresponding to a part of the coding region; HF3S3, corresponding to the 3'-UTR. HF3S1 and HF3S2 hybridized to the 14.0-, 9.0-, 4.0- and 1.8-kb FZD3 mRNA, while HF3S3 hybridized to the 14.0-, 9.0-, and 4.0-kb FZD3 mRNA. The 14. 0-kb FZD3 mRNA was the major transcript in fetal brain and adult cerebellum, while the 1.8-kb FZD3 mRNA was the major transcript in adult pancreas, and many cancer cell lines examined. The 1.8-kb FZD3 mRNA, alternatively polyadenylated by the internal AATAAA signal in the coding region, is predicted to encode the truncated FZD3 protein lacking the region through the second extracellular loop to the C-terminal tail, and might function as the transmembrane-type antagonist for WNTs. The FZD3 gene consists of 8 exons, and has been mapped to human chromosome 8p21.