Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Note on Construction of Stroop-Type Stimuli

In the typical Stroop (1935) test S is presented with a list of incongruously colored color names, e.g., the word 'RED' printed in blue ink, and is required to rapidly name the color of each item in the list. Response time for this task is considerably slower than for a control condition employing colored patches. [For a recent review see Jensen and Rohwer ( 1966) . ] Constructing these incongruously colored color names is generally a long, tiring, and frustrating experience. A relatively fast, neat, and economical method of generating Stroop-type stimuli is to use plastic label tapes and an appropriate embossing tool (DYMO Labelmaker or tapewriter, Dymo Industries, Inc., P. 0 . Box 1030, Berkeley, CA 94701; ROTEX labeler, Avery Products Corp., 215 W. 1 3 1 s St., Los Angeles, CA 90061; LABELO N embossing cape, Labelon Corp., 10 Chapin St., Canadaigua, NY 14424). These tapes come in a wide variery of sizes and colors, are usually glossy in appearance, and the resulting stimuli are white letters on a colored background. Two Suoop-test experiments were conducted (Kamlet & Egeth, 1969). In Exp. I the stimuli were letters embossed on strips of %-in. wide plastic label tape. The strips were arranged on white cardboard sheets in five columns of 10 strips each. In Exp. I1 lettering was done with a silk screen process and thus the letters themselves, and not their backgrounds, were colored. There were 48 items arranged in 24 pairs on a sheet. Ten B.A. level laboratory workers at the Human Engineering Laboratories and 12 Johns Hopkins undergraduates served as Ss in Exps. I and 11, respectively. In each experiment S read through a control sheet in which each item consisted of four "X"s. After a 1%-min. pause he read the sheet containing the color names. This procedure was repeated once. The respective mean reading times for the color name items and control items were 37.5 and 23.9 sec. in Exp. I and 37.9 and 25.4 sec. in Exp. 11. For each experiment two-tailed t tests showed that these differences were indeed significant (9 < .01). Thus, label-tape stimuli are at least as effective in producing Stroop-type interference as are incongruously colored color names.
Bayesian Inference in Large Hierarchical Spatial Da ta Structures

In processing discrete-choice spatially referenced data evolving from large hierarchical structures, investigators typically encounter three imposing difficulties. One difficulty is the evaluation of a large-scale determinant resulti ng from the Jacobian of the transformation from the error structure to the late nt variables used to simulate the discrete choices. A second difficulty results from an imposi ng inversion of an N ×N matrix resulting from the need to simulate conditionally t runcated draws. And, third, where investigator choice is involved, there is the over- arching need to evaluate and identify sets of preferred modelling substructures. When N i s large, these problems often impart formidable computational demands on investigators, raising scope for the search for alternatives to conventional implementation. This p aper demonstrates how each of the difficulties can be mitigated by exploiting hierarc hical substructures embedded within the sampling framework. We demonstrate the procedures within a rich set of data sampled from 13000 professional (large economic size) farm households in some 4,000 municipalities throughout Italy collected during th e 2005 production year . The empirical investigation explores the factors affecting the adoption of orga nic production and certification, and the depiction of so-called ‘neig hbourhood effects. ’ An important phenomenon affecting adoption decision-making is the decision of a “similar” farm household, where similarity is measured in terms of “location”/municipality. The hierarchical spatial model estimated in this paper allows the investigator to analyze the differences in the neighbourhood effects among regi ons that can be caused by the different infrastructures and the different social capital endowments available within regions.
Natural mating and tadpole husbandry in the western clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis.

The routine generation and successful husbandry of tadpoles is essential for investigators using the Western clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis for developmental and genetic studies. We describe a method to induce natural mating by injecting a hormone into sexually mature X. tropicalis, and to raise the offspring through the embryonic, tadpole, and metamorphosis stages. X. tropicalis develop at a faster rate than Xenopus laevis, reaching metamorphosis in as little as 4 wk. Moreover, natural mating produces large numbers of offspring and is therefore particularly useful for mutation screening and genetic mapping. The method includes a technique for the anesthesia of frogs, which makes them easier to handle during injection of the hormone, reducing the likelihood of injury to the animals.
Neural Captioning for the ImageCLEF 2017 Medical Image Challenges

Manual image annotation is a major bottleneck in the processing of medical images and the accuracy of these reports varies depending on the clinician’s expertise. Automating some or all of the processes would have enormous impact in terms of efficiency, cost and accuracy. Previous approaches to automatically generating captions from images have relied on hand-crafted pipelines of feature extraction and techniques such as templating and nearest neighbour sentence retrieval to assemble likely sentences. Recent deep learning-based approaches to general image captioning use fully differentiable models to learn how to generate captions directly from images. In this paper, we address the challenge of end-to-end medical image captioning by pairing an imageencoding convolutional neural network (CNN) with a language-generating recurrent neural network (RNN). Our method is an adaptation of the NICv2 model that has shown state-of-the-art results in general image captioning. Using only data provided in the training dataset, we were able to attain a BLEU score of 0.0982 on the ImageCLEF 2017 Caption Prediction Challenge and an average F1 score of 0.0958 on the Concept Detection Challenge.
In Vivo Inhibitory Effect on the Biofilm Formation of Candida albicans by Liverwort Derived Riccardin D

Riccardin D, a macrocyclic bisbibenzyl isolated from Chinese liverwort Dumortiera hirsute, has been proved to have inhibitory effect on biofilms formation of Candida albicans in in vitro study. Our present study aims to investigate the in vivo effect and mechanisms of riccardin D against C. albicans biofilms when used alone or in combination with clinical using antifungal agent fluconazole. XTT reduction assay revealed riccardin D had both prophylactic and therapeutic effect against C. albicans biofilms formation in a dose-dependent manner when using a central venous catheter related infective animal model. Scanning electron microscope and laser confocal scanning microscope showed that the morphology of biofilms was altered remarkably after riccardin D treatment, especially hypha growth inhibition. To uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms, quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed to observe the variation of related genes. The downregulation of hypha-specific genes such as ALS1, ALS3, ECE1, EFG1, HWP1 and CDC35 following riccardin D treatment suggested riccardin D inhibited the Ras-cAMP-Efg pathway to retard the hypha formation, then leading to the defect of biofilms maturation. Moreover, riccardin D displayed an increased antifungal activity when administered in combination with fluconazole. Our study provides a potential clinical application to eliminate the biofilms of relevant pathogens.
Dual-band multi slot patch antenna for wireless applications

In this paper a novel configuration of broadband multi slot antenna for C/X bands is presented and analyzed. By cutting two diamond slots in the middle of the rectangular patch and three triangular slots in the right side of the patch, resonances can be created. Microstrip feed line is used in the down side region of the patch. Antenna characteristics were simulated using a finite element method (HFSS). According to simulations, the proposed multiple slot antennas can provide two separated impedance bandwidths of 970 MHz (about 11.96% centred at 8.11 GHz band) and 890 MHz (about 9.76% centred at 9.42 GHz band) and stable radiation patterns, promising for satellite systems. Keywords—Ku/K band, microstrip patch antenna, multiband, satellite, slotted, triangular.
Ceftobiprole Efficacy In Vitro against Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Production and In Vivo against Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis in Rabbits

ABSTRACT Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) can cause osteomyelitis with severe sepsis and/or local complications in which a Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) role is suspected. In vitro sub-MIC antibiotic effects on growth and PVL production by 11 PVL+ MRSA strains, including the major CA-MRSA clones (USA300, including the LAC strain; USA400; and USA1000), and 11 PVL+ methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains were tested in microplate culture. Time-kill analyses with ceftobiprole at its MIC were also run with LAC. Efficacies of ceftobiprole (40 mg/kg of body weight subcutaneously [s.c.] four times a day [q.i.d.]) or vancomycin (60 mg/kg intramuscularly [i.m.] twice a day [b.i.d.]) alone or combined with rifampin (10 mg/kg b.i.d.) against rabbit CA-MRSA osteomyelitis, induced by tibial injection of 3.4 × 107 CFU of LAC, were compared. Treatment, started 14 days postinoculation, lasted 14 days. In vitro, 6/11 strains cultured with sub-MICs of ceftobiprole produced 1.6- to 4.8-fold more PVL than did the controls, with no link to specific clones. Rifampin decreased PVL production by all tested strains. In time-kill analyses at the LAC MIC (0.75 mg/liter), PVL production rose transiently at 6 and 8 h and then declined 2-fold at 16 h, concomitant with a 2-log10-CFU-count decrease. In vivo, the mean log10 CFU/g of bone for ceftobiprole (1.44 ± 0.40) was significantly lower than that for vancomycin (2.37 ± 1.22) (P = 0.034), with 7/10 versus 5/11 bones sterilized, respectively. Combination with rifampin enhanced ceftobiprole (1.16 ± 0.04 CFU/g of bone [P = 0.056], 11/11 sterile bones) and vancomycin (1.23 ± 0.06 CFU/g [P = 0.011], 11/11 sterile bones) efficacies. Ceftobiprole bactericidal activity and the rifampin anti-PVL effect could play a role in these findings, which should be of interest for treating CA-MRSA osteomyelitis.
Clinical Importance of Anti-Human Leukocyte Antigen-Specific Antibody Concentration in Performing Calculated Panel Reactive Antibody and Virtual Crossmatches

Background. Highly sensitized patients develop multi-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) specific antibodies. This study measures concentrations of anti-HLA antibodies in multispecific sera by converting fluorescence intensity into molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (MESF) units. This was used to determine MESF units required for a positive T and B flow crossmatches (FLXM). Methods. MESF values of negative controls and sera from patients devoid of HLA antibodies were measured by FLXM and flow panel reactive antibody (PRA) screening beads. Fluorescence intensity values of anti-HLA specific antibodies determined by FlowPRA single antigen beads of highly sensitized patients were converted into MESF units. In addition, endpoint titers, MESF units, and % PRA of 26 sera were established. Results. MESF analysis accurately predicted the outcomes of 100% of T and B FLXM of sera with strong (MESF units>18,000) donor-specific antibody (DSA). The predictive values of T and B FLXM declined to 95% and 88% with weak DSA (6,000 MESF<10,000). Endpoint titers of sera from highly sensitized patients ranged from 1:512 to 1:8 with corresponding MESF values of 452,596 to 20,000 units. However, there was no statistical difference in PRA values among these sera (95%–100%). We successfully transplanted five patients who had weak donor-specific HLA antibodies (MESF units>2,000). The graft survival at 1 year was 100% and there was no evidence of DSA posttransplant. Conclusion. MESF analysis is both a time and cost efficient way of measuring antibody strength. The strength of the antibody present in the sera of transplant candidates is critical for crossmatch prediction.
Danish patients with untreated multiple myeloma do not harbour human herpesvirus 8

The role of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) in multiple myeloma (MM) remains controversial. We examined 15 Danish MM patients before cytoreductive therapy. Mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates, as well as long‐term cultured bone marrow stromal cells, were assayed for the presence of HHV‐8 DNA. All material was tested by three simple unnested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays (amplifying regions of ORF26, ORFK1 and ORF75) and two nested PCR assays (amplifying regions of ORF26). HHV‐8 was not demonstrated in any of the samples. Our findings do not suggest an association between HHV‐8 and MM in the Danish population.
N-Butyldeoxynojirimycin is a broadly effective anti-HIV therapy significantly enhanced by targeted liposome delivery

Objective:N-Butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ), an inhibitor of HIV gp120 folding, was assessed as a broadly active therapy for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, to reduce the effective dose necessary for antiviral activity, NB-DNJ was encapsulated inside liposomes and targeted to HIV-infected cells. Methods:Thirty-one primary isolates of HIV (including drug-resistant isolates) were cultured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells to quantify the effect of NB-DNJ on viral infectivity. pH-sensitive liposomes capable of mediating the intracellular delivery of NB-DNJ inside peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to increase drug efficacy. Results:NB-DNJ decreased viral infectivity with a single round of treatment by an average of 80% in HIV-1-infected and 95% in HIV-2-infected cultures. Two rounds of treatment reduced viral infectivity to below detectable levels for all isolates tested, with a calculated IC50 of 282 and 211 μmol/l for HIV-1 and HIV-2, respectively. When encapsulated inside liposomes, NB-DNJ inhibited HIV-1 with final concentrations in the nmol/l range (IC50 = 4 nmol/l), a 100 000-fold enhancement in IC50 relative to free NB-DNJ. Targeting liposomes to the gp120/gp41 complex with a CD4 molecule conjugated to the outer bilayer increased drug/liposome uptake five-fold in HIV-infected cells compared with uninfected cells. NB-DNJ CD4 liposomes demonstrated additional antiviral effects, reducing viral secretion by 81% and effectively neutralizing free viral particles to prevent further infections. Conclusion:The use of targeted liposomes encapsulating NB-DNJ provides an attractive therapeutic option against all clades of HIV, including drug-resistant isolates, in an attempt to prevent disease progression to AIDS.
Bayesian Hierarchical Spatial Modeling of Substance Abuse Patterns Following a Mass Trauma: The Role of Time and Place

To illustrate how spatial modeling methods may provide insight about the relation between proximity to mass trauma and substance use, we examined the role of proximity to a terrorist event in determining risk of substance use related diagnoses. Previous analyses that have assessed changes in substance use following mass traumas such as terrorist attacks have produced conflicting results. We used Bayesian hierarchical modeling methods to assess whether distance from the World Trade Center (WTC) site in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks was associated with risk of substance use related diagnoses. In analyses controlling for age, gender, median household income, and employment-related exposure to the terrorist attacks, we found that each two mile increment in distance away from the WTC site was associated with 18% more substance use related diagnoses in the population we studied; this relation between distance from the WTC and substance use related disorder was the opposite of the relations observed one year before the same attacks in the same area. By accounting for spatial relationships that may influence the population risk of substance use health disorder, this approach helps explain some of the conflicting observations in the extant literature. These methods hold promise for the characterization of disease risk where spatial patterning of exposures and outcomes may matter.
Chemical abundances in QSO host galaxies and environments

We determined C, N and -element relative abundances in the gas surrounding six QSOs at an average redshift of ' 2:4, by studying six narrow associated absorption systems in UVES high-resolution spectra. We found five systems with a metallicity (mea- sured by C/H) consistent or above the solar value. There is a possible correlation (anticorre- lation) between (N/C) ((Si/C)) and (C/H) of the studied associated systems, and (N/C) 0 when (C/H) 0. We have compared these observational results with the predictions of a model simulating the joint evolution of QSOs and their spheroidal hosts. The agreement turns out to be very good, in particular for the case envisaging massive haloes and high star- formation rates. Narrow associated absorption systems prove to be powerful tracers of the chemical abundances in gas belonging to high redshift spheroidal galaxies. The outflow of this same gas, triggered by the QSO feedback, is probably going to contribute to the early enrichment of the surrounding intergalactic medium.
Parallel Computing for Finite Element Structural Modal Analysis on Workstation Cluster

On the basis of mode synthesis analysis, parallel algorithm of solving large-scale structural eigen problem is presented in this paper. The eigenmode of the structure is solved using subspace iterative parallel method. The substructure subspace iterative method is implemented using the stiffness matrix and mass matrix of the substructures without assembling the stiffness and mass matrix of whole structure. The numerical results show that this parallel algorithm is effective for large- scale structure eigenproblem.
Learning user preferences for robot-human handovers

The ability to hand objects to users is a key skill for service robots. While the main purpose of a handover action is to successfully transfer an object to the user, it is also relevant that the robot takes the user's preferences into consideration when deciding which handover strategy to use. In a recent online study, we found evidence that suggests two important facts: (1) Users find value in a robot capable of performing handover tasks in more than one manner, and (2) Different users display different preferences on how they would like to be handed a requested object. Therefore, in this work we are proposing a novel system for learning handover preferences. Our system is evaluated in both simulation and on a real robot using computational perception to estimate human activity and environment type.
Cultural and Educational Factors in the Diagnosis of Dementia

Cross-cultural research on Alzheimer disease (AD) requires standardized diagnosis for different cultural groups. The determination of AD generally involves a diagnosis of dementia and the elimination of other possible causes. This communication points out some of the factors that may cause variations in the diagnosis of dementia for different cultural groups. It also suggests several areas for future research.
Social structure, stress, and mental health: Competing conceptual and analytic models.

A sociological model for the mental health consequences of social organization is distinguished from a sociomedical model for the social etiology of particular disorders. Both models use stress to explain associations between social placement and disorder. These models are not interchangeable, despite apparent similarities, but researchers frequently apply the sociomedical model to sociological questions. Discrepancies between models are illustrated with survey data collected from a community sample of adults. We demonstrate that gender differences in the impact of stress are disorder-specific and do not indicate general differences between women and men in susceptibility to stress.
Efficient Out-of-Sample Extension of Dominant-Set Clusters

Dominant sets are a new graph-theoretic concept that has proven to be relevant in pairwise data clustering problems, such as image segmentation. They generalize the notion of a maximal clique to edge-weighted graphs and have intriguing, non-trivial connections to continuous quadratic optimization and spectral-based grouping. We address the problem of grouping out-of-sample examples after the clustering process has taken place. This may serve either to drastically reduce the computational burden associated to the processing of very large data sets, or to efficiently deal with dynamic situations whereby data sets need to be updated continually. We show that the very notion of a dominant set offers a simple and efficient way of doing this. Numerical experiments on various grouping problems show the effectiveness of the approach.
Crystal structure of ethyl 2-[9-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-decahydroacridin-10-yl]acetate

In the title compound, C23H24BrNO5, the central 1,4-dihydropyridine ring of the 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-decahydroacridine ring system adopts a half-chair conformation. The two cyclohexene rings fused to the central ring both have a twisted-boat conformation. The mean planes of the bromohydroxyphenyl ring and the major and minor components of the disordered ethyl aminoacetate moiety make dihedral angles of 78.99 (12), 85.9 (2) and 88.3 (9)°, respectively, with the 1,4-dihydropyridine ring. The terminal ethyl group of the ethyl aminoacetate moiety is disordered over two sets of sites with refined occupancies of 0.768 (17) and 0.232 (17). The molecular conformation is stabilized by an intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, forming an S(8) ring motif. In the crystal, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the molecules into layers parallel to (001), enclosing R 1 2(7) ring motifs.
Modeling of slow-wave EBG structure for printed-bowtie antenna array

The novel printed antenna array consisting of series-fed bowtie radiators, finite-width conductor-backed coplanar waveguide-to-coplanar stripline (FW-CBCPW-to-CPS) transitions, and slow-wave electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is presented. By controlling the size and the cascaded number of EBG cell, this structure appears as a slow-wave transmission line that can exhibit large phase shift with broad bandwidth for antenna array applications. The equivalent circuit is also established to model the phase shift of EBG cell. Measured results show that the antenna array achieves a 50% frequency bandwidth for 10-dB return-loss criterion and an end-fire radiation pattern with a front-to-back ratio greater than 20 dB. Good agreement among measured, full-wave simulated, and calculated results supports the validity of the phase-shifting model of EBG structure to predict the main beam angle of the antenna array. Compared to the conventional solid-state phase shifters for antenna arrays, the proposed slow-wave EBG structure has the advantages of higher compactness and lower cost and it is easier to integrate in the FW-CBCPW-fed bowtie antenna array with broad-band and end-fire radiation characteristics.