Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Refining imprecise spatio-temporal events: a network-based approach

Events as composites of temporal, spatial and actor information are a central object of interest in many information retrieval (IR) scenarios. There are several challenges to such event-centric IR, which range from the detection and extraction of geographic, temporal and actor mentions in documents to the construction of event descriptions as triples of locations, dates, and actors that can support event query scenarios. For the latter challenge, existing approaches fall short when dealing with imprecise event components. For example, if the exact location or date is unknown, existing IR methods are often unaware of different granularity levels and the conceptual proximity of dates or locations. To address these problems, we present a framework that efficiently answers imprecise event queries, whose geographic or temporal component is given only at a coarse granularity level. Our approach utilizes a network-based event model that includes location, date, and actor components that are extracted from large document collections. Instances of entity and event mentions in the network are weighted based on both their frequency of occurrence and textual distance to reflect semantic relatedness. We demonstrate the utility and flexibility of our approach for evaluating imprecise event queries based on a large collection of events extracted from the English Wikipedia for a ground truth of news events.
Factors Motivating Software Piracy in Vietnam

This research focuses on the development and empirical validation of a model of software piracy behavior in Vietnam on the basis of institution isomorphism theory, deterrence theory, and expected utility theory. A survey of 145 respondents and PLS (Partial Least Square) were utilized for analysis. The test of this study reveals that mimetic pressure is the greatest significant factor to influence software piracy intention. Coercive pressure, normative pressure, punishment severity, and software cost are also significantly related to the intention. However, punishment certainty does not have a significant influence on software piracy.
Economic evaluations in evidence based healthcare

Economic evaluations are increasingly carried out alongside clinical evaluations so that the clinician is presented with information on both the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative treatments to inform their evidence based practice. These evaluations are important on both theoretical and policy grounds. An economic evaluation is made up of a number of components, the most important of which are a comparison group, a stated perspective, evidence of costs, evidence of effectiveness and a method of combining costs and effects together. Cost-effectiveness, cost-utility and cost–benefit analyses are different methods of economic evaluation in common use and they are described with examples. Evidence based medicine and evidence based decision making are very much a part of modern psychiatric practice. They involve the use of current best evidence in making decisions for the care of individual patients.1 The main tool used by researchers to supply information to clinicians on best practice is the randomised controlled trial (RCT), which in mental health service research is often applied in a pragmatic manner. Pragmatic RCTs are designed so that their results are applicable to routine clinical practice; they aim to reflect the heterogeneity of patients in routine practice through minimisation of exclusion criteria, a focus on groups with a range of diagnoses and classification of patient groups by presentation at services rather than by diagnosis.2 It is increasingly common for such pragmatic trials to include an economic evaluation component, in which the costs of the treatments under evaluation are analysed alongside the effects. This article seeks to explain why economic evaluations are carried out, to explain what exactly they are, to equip the reader with the necessary information to confidently understand them and, we hope, to encourage the reader to consider the results of such evaluations as part of their evidence based practice. There …
A Study of Logic and Programming via Turing Machines Universal Turing Machine

Unified replicated information have led to many compelling advances, including the Turing machine and Moore’s Law. Given the current status of distributed modalities, security experts predictably desire the deployment of spreadsheets, which embodies the appropriate principles of e-voting technology. In this work, we concentrate our efforts on disproving that red-black trees and congestion control are often incompatible. Despite the fact that such a hypothesis might seem perverse, it is derived from known results.
Die Erfassung des Depersonalisations- Derealisationssyndroms mit dem Fragebogen zu Dissoziativen Symptoment/ Assessment of the depersonalization-derealization syndrome using the German version of the Dissociative Experiences Scale

Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Ziel der Studie ist erstens die Erprobung des Fragebogens zu Dissoziativen Symptomen (FDS) bei der Erforschung der Depersonalisation (DP) und Derealisation (DR) und zweitens eine Beleuchtung der Phanomenologie der DP/DR. Methode: 101 konsekutiv rekrutierte stationare Psychotherapiepatienten werden mit dem Strukturierten Klinischen Interview fur DSM-IV Dissoziative Storungen (SKID-D) hinsichtlich DP/DR untersucht. Weiterhin werden das Ausmas dissoziativer Symptome mit dem FDS und die allgemeine Psychopathologie mittels der SCL-90-R erhoben. Ergebnisse: 47 von 101 Patienten weisen pathologische DP/DR auf. Diese 47 Patienten haben in der DES-Skala des FDS im Mittel einen Score von 32,00 ± 15,52. Bei einem Cut-Off-Wert von 17,5 kann die DES-Skala des FDS mit einer Sensitivitat von 83,0 % und einer Spezifitat von 77,8% pathologische DP/DR erfassen. Depressive Storungen, Angststorungen und traumaassoziierte Storungen sind die haufigsten Komorbiditaten. Diskussion: Die Kennwerte de.
etection and ia nosis aussianity in a ime Series

In this paper, several methods to test for non-Gaussianity of a given process are presented. These methods include histogram plot, kurtosis test, and hypothesis testing using cumulants and bispectrum of the available sequence. The hypothesis testing is performed by constructing a statistic to test whether the bispectrum of the given signal is nonzero. A zero bispectrum is not a proof of Gaussianity. Hence, other tests such as the kurtosis test should be used
Liminal Living at an Extended Stay Hotel: Feeling "Stuck" in a Housing Solution

As a result of unaffordable housing, many of America’s working poor are forced to seek shelter in hotels to avoid homelessness. The concept of liminality has been used in discussions of place to describe the subjective experience of feeling in-between two states of being. Research is scant on the liminal experiences of low-income hotel residents, who are culturally invisible in society. This paper draws from data qualitatively collected via semi-structured interviews from ten low-income residents living in an extended-stay hotel. Descriptions of these residential experiences are presented along with recommendations for social workers practicing with families in this liminal situation.
Decreased STAMP2 expression in association with visceral adipose tissue dysfunction.

CONTEXT Six-transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) is a counter-regulator of inflammation and insulin resistance according to findings in mice. However, there have been contradictory reports in humans. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore STAMP2 in association with inflammatory and metabolic status of human obesity. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND METHODS STAMP2 gene expression was analyzed in adipose tissue samples (171 visceral and 67 sc depots) and during human preadipocyte differentiation. Human adipocytes were treated with macrophage-conditioned medium, TNF-α, and rosiglitazone. RESULTS In visceral adipose tissue, STAMP2 gene expression was significantly decreased in obese subjects, mainly in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. STAMP2 gene expression and protein were significantly and inversely associated with obesity phenotype measures (body mass index, waist, hip, and fat mass) and obesity-associated metabolic disturbances (systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose). In addition, STAMP2 gene expression was positively associated with lipogenic (FASN, ACC1, SREBP1, THRSP14, TRα, and TRα1), CAV1, IRS1, GLUT4, and CD206 gene expression. In sc adipose tissue, STAMP2 gene expression was not associated with metabolic parameters. In both fat depots, STAMP2 gene expression in stromovascular cells was significantly higher than in mature adipocytes. STAMP2 gene expression was significantly increased during the differentiation process in parallel to adipogenic genes, being increased in preadipocytes derived from lean subjects. Macrophage-conditioned medium (25%) and TNF-α (100 ng/ml) administration increased whereas rosiglitazone (2 μM) decreased significantly STAMP2 gene expression in human differentiated adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Decreased STAMP2 expression (mRNA and protein) might reflect visceral adipose dysfunction in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Designing And Implementing WBIs for Algorithms

Many researchers and academicians suggested that there is a need to change the way knowledge is being imparted. It is suggested that along with the traditional teaching and learning method there must be few equipments, tools and frameworks that could provide assistance to both learners and the instructors. This paper presents a framework for WBIs for algorithm learning which will be working as a teaching aid. The framework presented in this paper is aimed to offer the systematic learning of the algorithm for learners of diversified knowledge level and to provide a personal assistance. The paper also discusses the environment and attributes of WBIs for algorithm which will be encouraging interactive learning. Furthermore paper describes the various development phases, architecture and flow of the overall system and presents the WBIs development model and model which depicts the system’s flow.
Evidence for a partial redundancy of the fibronectin‐binding proteins for the transfer of mycoloyl residues onto the cell wall arabinogalactan termini of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces a series of major secreted proteins, the fibronectin‐binding proteins (Fbps), also known as the antigen 85 complex, that are believed to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis through their mycoloyltransferase activity required for maintaining the integrity of the bacterial cell envelope. Four different fbp genes are found in the genome of M. tuberculosis, but the reason for the existence of these Fbps sharing the same substrate specificity in vitro in mycobacteria is unknown. We have shown previously that, in the heterologous host, Corynebacterium glutamicum, FbpA, FbpB and FbpC can all add mycoloyl residues to the cell wall arabinogalactan and that, in M. tuberculosis, the cell wall mycoloylation decreases by 40% when fbpC is knocked out. To investigate whether the remaining 60% mycoloylation came from the activity of FbpA and/or FbpB, fbpA‐ and fbpB‐inactivated mutant strains were biochemically characterized and compared with the previously studied fbpC‐disrupted mutant. Unexpectedly, both mutants produced normally mycoloylated cell walls. Overproduction of FbpA, FbpB or FbpC, but not FbpD, in the fbpC‐inactivated mutant strain of M. tuberculosis restored both the cell wall‐linked mycolate defect and the outer cell envelope permeability barrier property. These results are consistent with all three enzymes being involved in cell wall mycoloylation and FbpC playing a more critical role than the others or, alternatively, FbpC is able to compensate for FbpA and FbpB in ways that these enzymes cannot compensate for FbpC, pointing to a partial redundancy of Fbps. In sharp contrast, FbpD does not appear to be an active mycoloyltransferase enzyme, as it cannot complement the fbpC‐inactivated mutant. Most importantly, application of Smith degradation to the cell walls of transformants demonstrated that the multiple Fbp enzymes are redundant rather than specific for the various arabinogalactan mycoloylation regions. Neither FbpA nor FbpB attaches mycoloyl residues to specific sites but, like FbpC, each enzyme transfers mycoloyl residues onto the four sites present in the arabinogalactan non‐reducing end hexaarabinosides.
A Comparison of Mission Statements of National Blue Ribbon Schools and Unacceptable Texas High Schools.

This study was conducted to determine the themes present in the context of high schools, to determine any significant differences in themes for high and low performing high schools, and to determine if significant differences were present for the same sample of high schools based on school size. An analysis of the content of mission statements identified 31 dominant themes: Students, Providing, All, Community, Learning, Academics, Developing, Responsible, Education, Environment, Preparing, Productive, Success, Lifelong Learning, Individual, Citizen, Excellence, Skills, Society, Committed, Promotes, Achievement, Diversity, Knowledge, Nature, Challenge, Future, Partnership, Quality, Potential, and Safe. Significant differences were found between the group of high and low performing high schools for the themes of Academics, Excellence, Challenge, Learning, Nurture, and Lifelong Learning (p ? .05). Analysis of mission statements grouped by size yielded a significant difference for the theme of Knowledge for large size high schools as compared to small and medium size high schools.
Adaptive neural control for a class of nonlinearly parametric time-delay systems

In this paper, an adaptive neural controller for a class of time-delay nonlinear systems with unknown nonlinearities is proposed. Based on a wavelet neural network (WNN) online approximation model, a state feedback adaptive controller is obtained by constructing a novel integral-type Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, which also efficiently overcomes the controller singularity problem. It is shown that the proposed method guarantees the semiglobal boundedness of all signals in the adaptive closed-loop systems. An example is provided to illustrate the application of the approach.
The Dynamics of Political Protest: Feedback Effects and Interdependence in the Explanation of Protest Participation

This article addresses three largely unsolved problems in theory and research on political protest. The first problem concerns feedback effects. The common assumption is that protest is determined by various factors and does not influence its determinants. We propose and test hypotheses about feedback effects of protest on its determinants. The second issue is the usual assumption that the determinants do not influence each other. We propose and test hypotheses about their interdependence. The third issue which is also rarely addressed in the literature is explaining different effects of individual-level variables (i.e. coefficients) by changes of the political context. Since we test our hypotheses with a four-wave panel survey, conducted in Leipzig between 1990 and 1998, we suggest propositions about differential effects of the variables across waves. We find, among other things, that people having been engaged in protest activities under communist rule in 1989 tend to exhibit a long-term decrease of political discontent. Finally, we find that integration in protest-promoting networks is the most important determinant of protest.
Humor, Power, and Change in Organizations

This paper analyzes joking relationships that are targeted at persons or at those affairs which actors interpret as representing persons. A theory of social relations of work is outlined; the literature illustrates that joking relationships have a content that reflects these relations. The form of joking relationships is then analyzed using Caplow's triad theory; this theory allows humor to be seen as a product of power relations and the contesting of these. The theory claims to be able to predict the likelihood of joking relationships between actors of various degrees of power, and the consequences of these, conservative, revolutionary, or improper for the organization. Jokes are analyzed in terms of the theory. Humor analysis can, in a complementary reasoning, be seen as a methodological tool that helps unmask organizational power relations. A number of reflections are drawn about humor in organizations subject to post-industrial change. Humor has no essence; it is inserted into the dynamics of social life and its contents and form reflect social relations, power distributions, and changes in both.
Me, myself and I: Identity and meaning in the lives of vulnerable young people

Questions relating to identity and meaning are fundamental questions of life. As such, they have been the subject of study by scholars across a diverse range of disciplines, including psychology, theology, sociology and philosophy, throughout history. Despite this diversity, scholars agree that identity and meaning are inter-related issues which are central to the lives of human beings. It is widely accepted within the literature that adolescence is a critical period for the development of identity and meaning, and that these concepts may become even more pertinent to young people when they are confronted with persistent challenges or periods of uncertainty. However, our knowledge of how vulnerable young people perceive and experience ‘identity and meaning’ in their lives remains less clear. This research study, funded by the Institute for Catholic Identity and Mission, Australian Catholic University (ACU ), and conducted by the Institute of Child Protection Studies (ICPS) aimed to further our understanding of this area by exploring the following questions: What is the role and potency of identity and meaning in the lives of vulnerable young people? What are the implications of this for the way that we support vulnerable young people? The study adopted a participatory and qualitative approach and was conducted throughout 2012. Twenty four young people participated in in-depth one-on-one interviews about their lives.
Interexaminer Difference in Infarct Volume Measurements on MRI: A Source of Variance in Stroke Research

Background and Purpose— The measurement of ischemic lesion volume on diffusion- (DWI) and perfusion-weighted MRI (PWI) is examiner dependent. We sought to quantify the variance imposed by measurement error in DWI and PWI lesion volume measurements in ischemic stroke. Methods— Fifty-eight consecutive patients with DWI and PWI within 12 hours of symptom onset and follow-up MRI on ≥ day-5 were studied. Two radiologists blinded to each other measured lesion volumes by manual outlining on each image. Interexaminer reliability was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and relative paired difference or RPD (ratio of difference between 2 measurements to their mean). The ratio of between-examiner variability to between-subject variability (variance ratio) was calculated for each imaging parameter. Results— The correlation (ICC) between examiners ranged from 0.93 to 0.99. The median RPD was 10.0% for DWI, 14.1% for mean transit time, 18.9% for cerebral blood flow, 21.0% for cerebral blood volume, 16.8% for DWI/MTT mismatch, and 6.3% for chronic T2-weighted images. There was negative correlation between RPD and lesion volume in all but chronic T2-weighted images. The variance ratio ranged between 0.02 and 0.10. Conclusion— Despite high correlation between volume measurements of abnormal regions on DWI and PWI by different examiners, substantial differences in individual measurements can still occur. The magnitude of variance from measurement error is primarily determined by the type of imaging and lesion volume. Minimizing this source of variance will better enable imaging to deliver on its promise of smaller sample size.
Response to Mechanical Stress Is Mediated by the TRPA Channel Painless in the Drosophila Heart

Mechanotransduction modulates cellular functions as diverse as migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. It is crucial for organ development and homeostasis and leads to pathologies when defective. However, despite considerable efforts made in the past, the molecular basis of mechanotransduction remains poorly understood. Here, we have investigated the genetic basis of mechanotransduction in Drosophila. We show that the fly heart senses and responds to mechanical forces by regulating cardiac activity. In particular, pauses in heart activity are observed under acute mechanical constraints in vivo. We further confirm by a variety of in situ tests that these cardiac arrests constitute the biological force-induced response. In order to identify molecular components of the mechanotransduction pathway, we carried out a genetic screen based on the dependence of cardiac activity upon mechanical constraints and identified Painless, a TRPA channel. We observe a clear absence of in vivo cardiac arrest following inactivation of painless and further demonstrate that painless is autonomously required in the heart to mediate the response to mechanical stress. Furthermore, direct activation of Painless is sufficient to produce pauses in heartbeat, mimicking the pressure-induced response. Painless thus constitutes part of a mechanosensitive pathway that adjusts cardiac muscle activity to mechanical constraints. This constitutes the first in vivo demonstration that a TRPA channel can mediate cardiac mechanotransduction. Furthermore, by establishing a high-throughput system to identify the molecular players involved in mechanotransduction in the cardiovascular system, our study paves the way for understanding the mechanisms underlying a mechanotransduction pathway.
Novel Alternative Splice Variants of Mouse Cdk5rap2

Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a pronounced reduction of brain volume and intellectual disability. A current model for the microcephaly phenotype invokes a stem cell proliferation and differentiation defect, which has moved the disease into the spotlight of stem cell biology and neurodevelopmental science. Homozygous mutations of the Cyclin-dependent kinase-5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 gene CDK5RAP2 are one genetic cause of MCPH. To further characterize the pathomechanism underlying MCPH, we generated a conditional Cdk5rap2 LoxP/hCMV Cre mutant mouse. Further analysis, initiated on account of a lack of a microcephaly phenotype in these mutant mice, revealed the presence of previously unknown splice variants of the Cdk5rap2 gene that are at least in part accountable for the lack of microcephaly in the mice.
A Novel CNA/LOH Detection Algorithm Using Normal-Tumor SNP-Array Data

Recently single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays attracts lots of attentions, which can provide high resolution profiling chromosomal rearrangements. It facilitates whole genome detection of two common aberrations: copy number alteration (CNA) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH), which are frequently found in cancer cells. At present, many computational approaches have been introduced for this purpose, however, most of them fail to incorporate the intrinsic genetic relationship between tumor and paired normal SNP-array data, which may greatly improve the performance in identifying CNA and LOH in cancer genome. To address this issue, we proposed a novel algorithm to handle paired SNP-array data from both tumor and paired normal samples, which can make best use of the genotype information to assist the detection. This algorithm employs the statistical framework of HMM and EM method to precisely model the relationship between normal and tumor SNP-array data. Results on public datasets show that our method outperforms all other investigated algorithms with precise parameter estimation and sensitive aberration identification.