Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population , Immigration and Growth in a Romer Endogenous Growth Model

Endogenous growth theory has not yet consistently incorporated population growth or immigration into its models. As a result, in the present day, there is no universally accepted endogenous growth model explaining the empirical observed relationships between growth, population and immigration. The present paper overcomes this inconvenience by designing a fully specified Romer endogenous growth model, completely microfounded, that incorporates the existence of population growth and immigration and that allows the stylized facts of growth as well as the relationships between growth, population and immigration to be explained. In addition, the proposed model is susceptible to calibration and simulation, and, when applied to the US economy, provides a good fit to the data. JEL classification: D5, E4, E5.
Quantization issues in turbo decoding

It is necessary to quantize the variables in VLSI implementation of a turbo decoder. When the quantile interval of received symbol sequence (RSS) is fixed, the required precision of state metrics, log-likelihood ratio, etc are limited by the RSS quantizing error propagation. By the analysis of error propagation, two different quantization schemes are presented for different performance demand without enormous simulations. The error propagation also shows the reason why the excellent results can be obtained with an 8-value look-up table to calculate the correction term when the quantile interval of RSS is 0.25. Also it shows that the max-log-MAP algorithm just like the log-MAP algorithm is the optimal one because of the ignorable correction term for the quantizing error propagation under high signal-noise ratio conditions. The simulation verifies these conclusions.
Embedded CMOS distributed voltage regulator for large core loads

This paper presents a new distributed linear voltage regulator designed to supply large CMOS cores at multiple points. The new embedded regulator has been designed with distributed power devices in order to reduce the supply routing constraints of large integrated cores. The regulator has been optimised to regulate a very wide load range with large current transients without requiring large filter capacitors nor compromising its low quiescent current (150/spl mu/A). The regulator was fabricated in a 0.25/spl mu/m standard digital CMOS process, occupies 0.15mm/sup 2/ and can supply 400mA of load at 2.5V from a 3.3V supply. Four supply points are used. Furthermore, a very compact chip area is achieved due to a modified Miller compensation network that guarantees stability at a fraction of the chip area of a conventional compensation networks. This circuit is particularly suited for digital processing cores as well as other processing cores requiring hundreds of milliamp of current.
Serine-borate complex as a transition-state inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.

gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, a membrane-bound enzyme, functions in the gamma-glutamyl cycle to catalyze utilization of glutathione. It has been postulated that the amino-acid-stimulated utilization of glutathione by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase reflects an aspect of amino acid translocation. As one approach to the effective in vivo inhibition of this enzyme, the inhibition of the enzyme by L-serine in the presence of borate buffers [Revel, J.P. & Ball, E.G. (1959) J. Biol. Chem. 234, 577-582] was reinvestigated. Inhibition by L-serine, D-serine, and alpha-methyl-DL-serine in the presence of borate is competitive with respect to gamma-glutamyl substrate and such inhibition is parallel to the activity of transpeptidase toward L-gamma-glutamyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and L-gamma-(alpha-methyl)glutamyl derivatives. L-Serine and borate effectively protect against inactivation of the enzyme by the gamma-glutamyl analogs, 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine and azaserine, which bind to the gamma-glutamyl site of the enzyme. These studies, kinetic investigations, equilibrium dialysis experiments, and other data support the view that inhibition is produced by formation of serine-borate complex which binds at the gamma-glutamyl binding site of the light subunit of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. The data indicate that serine-borate complex is a transition state inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
Neurodevelopment After Neonatal Hypoglycemia: A Systematic Review and Design of an Optimal Future Study

OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to assess the effect of episodes of neonatal hypoglycemia on subsequent neurodevelopment. METHODS. We searched Medline and Embase for cohort studies on subsequent neurodevelopment after episodes of hypoglycemia in the first week of life. Reference lists of available studies were reviewed, and content experts were contacted for additional studies. Included studies were selected and appraised for methodologic quality by 2 reviewers. Methodologic quality was assessed according to well-accepted criteria for prognostic studies. Eventually, all studies were given an overall quality score: poor, moderate, or high quality. Studies in the latter 2 categories were considered for quantitative data analysis. RESULTS. Eighteen eligible studies were identified. The overall methodologic quality of the included studies was considered poor in 16 studies and high in 2 studies. Pooling of results of the 2 high-quality studies was deemed inappropriate because of major clinical and methodologic heterogeneity. None of the studies provided a valid estimate of the effect of neonatal hypoglycemia on neurodevelopment. Building on the strengths and weaknesses of existing studies, we developed a proposal for an “optimal” future study design. CONCLUSIONS. Recommendations for clinical practice cannot be based on valid scientific evidence in this field. To assess the effect of neonatal hypoglycemia on subsequent neurodevelopment, a well-designed prospective study should be undertaken. We submit a design for a study that may answer the still-open questions.
An evidence of calendar effects on the stock market of Pakistan: a case study of (KSE-100 index)

This is the study that investigates the Daily impact, weekly impact, and Monthly impact by excluding the holidays for most updated time period through February 1991 to MAY 2015. Study used the dummy variables to explore the independent variables and used stock return as dependent variable. Ordinary least square and descriptive statistics technique is used to examine the data. Middle day effect was proven in the equity market of Pakistan, study also showed first week of the month has more return as compare to any other week in a month. Whereas month wise results showed that month of May had negative return.
Interactions of the Cytoplasmic Domain of Sindbis Virus E2 with Nucleocapsid Cores Promote Alphavirus Budding

ABSTRACT Alphavirus budding from the plasma membrane occurs through the specific interaction of the nucleocapsid core with the cytoplasmic domain of the E2 glycoprotein (cdE2). Structural studies of the Sindbis virus capsid protein (CP) have suggested that these critical interactions are mediated by the binding of cdE2 into a hydrophobic pocket in the CP. Several molecular genetic studies have implicated amino acids Y400 and L402 in cdE2 as important for the budding of alphaviruses. In this study, we characterized the role of cdE2 residues in structural polyprotein processing, glycoprotein transport, and capsid interactions. Along with hydrophobic residues, charged residues in the N terminus of cdE2 were critical for the effective interaction of cores with cdE2, a process required for virus budding. Mutations in the C-terminal signal sequence region of cdE2 affected E2 protein transport to the plasma membrane, while nonbudding mutants that were defective in cdE2-CP interaction accumulated E2 on the plasma membrane. The interaction of cdE2 with cytoplasmic cores purified from infected cells and in vitro-assembled core-like particles suggests that cdE2 interacts with assembled cores to mediate budding. We hypothesize that these cdE2 interactions induce a change in the organization of the nucleocapsid core upon binding leading to particle budding and priming of the nucleocapsid cores for disassembly that is required for virus infection.
Mass‐Transfer Properties of Microbubbles. 1. Experimental Studies

Synthesis‐gas fermentations have typically been gas‐to‐liquid mass‐transfer‐limited due to low solubilities of the gaseous substrates. A potential method to enhance mass‐transfer rates is to sparge with microbubble dispersions. Mass‐transfer coefficients for microbubble dispersions were measured in a bubble column. Oxygen microbubbles were formed in a dilute Tween 20 solution using a spinning disk apparatus. Axial dispersion coefficients measured for the bubble column ranged from 1.5 to 7.2 cm2/s and were essentially independent of flow rate. A laser‐diffraction technique was used to determine the interfacial area per unit gas volume, a. The mass‐transfer coefficient, KL, was determined by fitting a plug‐flow model to the experimental, steady‐state, liquid‐phase oxygen‐concentration profile. The KL values ranged from 2.9 × 10−5 to 2.2 × 10−4 m/s. Volumetric mass‐transfer coefficients, KLa, for microbubbles with an average initial diameter of 60 μm ranged from 200 to 1800 h−1. Enhancement of mass transfer using microbubbles was demonstrated for a synthesis‐gas fermentation. Butyribacterium methylotrophicum was grown in a continuous, stirred‐tank reactor using a tangential filter for total cell recycle. The fermentation KLa values were 14 h−1 for conventional gas sparging through a stainless steel frit and 91 h−1 for microbubble sparging. The Power number of the microbubble generator was determined to be 0.036. Using this value, an incremental power‐to‐volume ratio to produce microbubbles for a B. methylotrophicum fermentation was estimated to be 0.01 kW/m3 of fermentation capacity.
Long-Term Export Stimuli and Firm Characteristics in a European LDC

This study presents an investigation of factors that stimulate the decision-making process of exporting firms from a European Lesser Developed Country (LDC) to continue and sustain export activities. The paper explores the existence of dimensions underlying export motivation and identifies potentially significant differences in perceptions of export stimuli based on firm size, degree of export involvement, and exporting experience. The findings point to a more proactive (than reactive) motivation structure underlying the export activities of these manufacturers. While no relationship is found between perceptions of export motivation and firm size, a number of significant differences in ongoing export stimuli are identified between different groups of firms in terms of export involvement and, to a lesser extent, exporting experience. Managerial and public policy implications are discussed, and suggestions for future research directions are outlined.
From “Vision” to Reality: Emerging Public Opinion of Collaborative Management in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

Abstract In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), the most established avenue for collaborative resource management is the Greater Yellowstone Coordinating Committee (GYCC), a coordinating body comprising local units of the four federal land management agencies in the region. Coordinating ecosystem-scale land management activities has been a primary concern of the GYCC since its inception and has been the source of intense public scrutiny, especially following the 1991 “Vision Exercise” which sought a coordinated ecosystem management plan for the region. As collaborative processes remain an important tenet of modern resource management, we revisit the current discourse surrounding the emergent public opinion of interagency collaboration in the Greater Yellowstone. Using Q-method and semi-structured interviews, we identify three themes within the discourse. We consider these themes in light of continued interest in collaborative management and programs.
A narrative reasoning course to promote patient-centred practice in a physiotherapy undergraduate programme: a qualitative study of final year students

Abstract Background: Narrative reasoning has been presented as a core component of the health professionals’ competencies. Aim of the study: This study aimed to explore the students’ perspectives about the contribution of a narrative reasoning course to promote patient-centred practice. Methods: An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was undertaken through focus groups. Eighteen volunteer final year students participated in three focus groups. Data analysis followed the IPA principles. Findings: Three themes emerged: (1) “developing distinctive competencies”; (2) “shifting students’ focus” and (3) “challenging students’ professional identity”. In the first theme, students distinguished their capability to better understand patients’ experiences and needs and to be aware of the importance of a collaborative therapeutic relationship. In the second theme, students emphasized a shift from themselves as clinicians towards their patients. Finally, in the third theme participants shared the perspective that they have developed a different clinical profile, and that their reasoning and clinical actions have changed. Conclusions: Students recognized the contribution of the course in developing competencies to facilitate patient-centred practice. Future research is needed to inform lecturers on how to best integrate narrative reasoning within the physiotherapy undergraduate curricula.
The Ambivalence of Belonging: The Impact of Illegality on the Social Belonging of Undocumented Youth

ABSTRACT:How do undocumented young people establish a sense of belonging when they are afraid to disclose their migratory status? And when they could be separated from the persons they love and care for? Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Canada, this article explores how illegality shapes youth’s belonging. It argues that the experiences of undocumented youth, as well as the attitudes of the state towards them, must be understood as forms of “structural ambivalence. ” On the one hand, I show how marginality is reproduced not only through explicit policies of exclusion (e.g., deportation, surveillance, or immigration documents), but also through laws and practices that are often silent and opaque, rendering people non-existent at a social and legal level. On the other, I analyze how youth negotiate such discourses of invisibility by forming a revocable sense of belonging. I suggest that ambivalence is not only produced by the social exclusion of young people. It is also a form of agency which enables youth to endure the risk of deportation, and to detach themselves from the disempowering conditions they are caught in.
Mutational analysis of the IκBα gene in activated B cell‐like diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma

The lymphoma cells of the activated B cell‐like (ABC‐) subtype of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) show constitutive activity of the transcription factor, nuclear factor κB (NFκB). We sought to determine whether mutations in the IκBα gene – the predominant inhibitor of NFκB – might play a role in the pathogenesis of ABC‐DLBCL. All exons of the IκBα gene were directly sequenced from 10 cases of immunohistochemically classified ABC‐DLBCL and from six non‐ABC‐DLBCL cases. Two novel polymorphisms were identified, based on their presence in tumour as well as non‐tumour DNA of the respective patients: a duplication near the transcriptional start and a single nucleotide exchange in exon 1. A somatic missense mutation was identified in exon 3, in addition to a wild‐type sequence in only one ABC‐DLBCL case. Thus, also in this case no clonal biallelic inactivating mutation was present in the IκBα gene. We conclude that mutations in the IκBα gene do not play a dominant role in the pathogenesis of ABC‐DLBCL.
Hyperthermia impairs the executive function using the Attention Network Test

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to examine the effect of passive hyperthermia on the human attention system using the Attention Network Test (ANT), which has been used in both healthy controls and patients. Using target contrasts between conditions within a Flanker paradigm, the ANT can isolate three essential networks in the attention system: maintaining an alert state that is receptive to stimulus input and ready for responding; orienting, which involves selection of sensory input; and executive control, which monitors for and resolves conflict in responding or other aspects of cognitive processing. Materials and methods: The ANT was administered to 16 right-handed subjects in a heat stress condition (50°C, 40% relative humidity) and a control condition (20°C, 40% relative humidity), for 1 hour each. Reaction time (RT) and accuracy rate as well as mean body core temperature (T-core) and body weight loss were recorded. Results: Compared to the control condition, T-cores significantly increased and body weight was not significantly reduced in the heat stress condition. Overall, there were non-significant group differences for RT and accuracy rate. Although significant changes in neither alerting nor orienting effects were modulated by the simulated hyperthermia, the executive control effect on RTs was significantly larger in the heat compared to the control condition. Conclusions: Passive hyperthermia impaired executive control function, whereas alerting and orienting effects were unaffected.
Efficacy of octreotide-LAR in dieting women with abdominal obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome.

CONTEXT Somatostatin reduces LH, GH, and insulin, and somatostatin receptors are present at the ovarian level; somatostatin analogs are thus potential candidates for treatment of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of octreotide-LAR, a long-acting somatostatin analog, in anovulatory abdominal obese women with PCOS. DESIGN A single-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed, lasting for 7 months. SETTING The patients were ambulatory throughout the study. PATIENTS Twenty PCOS subjects were enrolled. Eighteen completed the study. INTERVENTIONS A low-calorie diet was given during the first month, a low-calorie diet plus octreotide-LAR (10 mg; n = 10 subjects) or placebo (n = 10 subjects) was then given, with one im injection every 28 d (for 6 months). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures were clinical features, computerized tomography measurement of fat distribution, androgens, GH, IGF-I, IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), fasting and glucose-stimulated insulin, and ovulation. RESULTS Octreotide had no additional effect in reducing body fat or improving fat distribution than placebo. Conversely, octreotide produced an additional decrease in fasting (P = 0.018) and glucose-stimulated (P = 0.038) insulin levels, an increase in IGFBP-2 (P = 0.042) and IGFBP-3 (P = 0.047), and an improvement in hirsutism (P = 0.004). Moreover, a trend toward greater reductions in testosterone (P = 0.061) and androstenedione (P = 0.069) was observed in women treated with octreotide-LAR compared with those given placebo. All women treated with octreotide ovulated at the end of the study compared with only one of those receiving placebo (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Octreotide-LAR may be usefully applied to hypocalorically dieting, abdominal obese PCOS women to improve hyperandrogenism and the insulin-IGF-I system. Restoration of ovulatory menstrual cycles appears to be another advantage of this treatment.
Sarizotan as a treatment for dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: A double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial

The objective of this study is to conduct a dose‐finding study of sarizotan in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with dyskinesia to identify a safe dose and to identify a sensitive dyskinesia rating measure. Sarizotan is a novel compound with full 5‐HT1A agonist properties and additional high affinity for D3 and D4 receptors. An open label study documented improvements in PD patients with levodopa‐induced dyskinesia. There is no precedent for study designs or outcome measures in pivotal trials of antidyskinesia therapies. The approach used here was a multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, parallel study. Included were PD patients optimized to levodopa and dopaminergic drugs with moderately disabling dyskinesias present greater than or equal to 25% of the waking day. Interventions included sarizotan 2, 4, or 10 mg/day or matching placebo, given in two doses. There were two outcome measures: the primary measure was change from baseline in diary‐based on time without dyskinesia; the secondary measures were change from baseline in scores on the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), the composite score of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Items 32+33 (dyskinesia duration and disability) and total UPDRS. A total of 398 subjects were randomized, with 381 included in the intention‐to‐treat population. No significant changes occurred on sarizotan compared to placebo on any diary‐based measure of dyskinesia or the AIMS score. The composite score of UPDRS Items 32+33 was significantly improved with 2 mg/day sarizotan, with a trend at 10 mg/day. Adverse events were not significantly different in sarizotan‐ and placebo‐treated patients, but off time significantly increased with sarizotan 10 mg/day. Sarizotan 2 mg/day is a safe agent in PD patients with dyskinesia. To test its role in abating dyskinesia, future studies should focus on this dose and will use the composite score of UPDRS Items 32+33 as the primary outcome. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Dance Education Certification in Alabama

ABSTRACT The 2001 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act defined dance as an art form, designated the arts as core academic subjects, and called for highly qualified instructors in every classroom. These developments provided new opportunities for dance faculty in higher education preparing their students for life after college. Using a case study approach, the author investigated how postsecondary dance programs in the state of Alabama responded to changes in public policy. Informed by the theoretical lens of Anthony Giddens (1984) and the conceptual frame of Lee Bolman and Terrance Deal (2008), the study uncovered issues related to dance education programming and certification in the state of Alabama.
Expression of fibroblast growth factor 10 and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2B, in the bovine corpus luteum

There is evidence that several fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are involved in growth and development of the corpus luteum (CL), but many FGFs have not been investigated in this tissue, including FGF10. The objective of this study was to determine if FGF10 and its receptor (FGFR2B) are expressed in the CL. Bovine CL were collected from an abattoir and classed as corpus hemorrhagica (stage I), developing (stage II), developed (stage III), and regressed (stage IV) CL. Expression of FGF10 and FGFR2B mRNA was measured by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Both genes were expressed in bovine CL, and FGF10 expression did not differ between stages of CL development. FGF10 protein was localized to large and small luteal cells by immunohistochemistry. FGFR2B expression was approximately threefold higher in regressed compared to developing and developed CL (P < 0.05). To determine if FGF10 and FGFR2B expression is regulated during functional luteolysis, cattle were injected with PGF2α and CL collected at 0, 0.5, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 64 hr thereafter (n = 5 CL/time point), and mRNA abundance was measured by real‐time RT‐PCR. FGF10 mRNA expression did not change during functional luteolysis, whereas FGFR2B mRNA abundance decreased significantly at 2, 4, and 12 hr after PGF2α, and returned to pretreatment levels for the period 24–64 hr post‐PGF2α. These data suggest a potential role for FGFR2B signaling during structural luteolysis in bovine CL. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 940–945, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.