Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cumulative Revision Map

Unlike static documents, version-controlled documents are edited by one or more authors over a certain period of time. Examples include large scale computer code, papers authored by a team of scientists, and online discussion boards. Such collaborative revision process makes traditional document modeling and visualization techniques inappropriate. In this paper we propose a new visualization technique for version-controlled documents that reveals interesting authoring patterns in papers, computer code and Wikipedia articles. The revealed authoring patterns are useful for the readers, participants in the authoring process, and supervisors.
Quantifying Error in Dynamic Power Estimation of CMOS Circuits

Conventional power estimation techniques are prone to many sources of error. With increasing dominance of coupling capacitances, capacitive coupling potentially contributes significantly to power consumption in the deep sub-micron regimes. We analyze potential sources of inaccuracy in power estimation, focusing on those due to coupling. Our results suggest that traditional power estimates can be off by as much as 50%.
Family Relationships, Parenting Behavior, and Adolescent Deviance in Three Ethnic Groups *

This was a study of adolescent deviance from a family and developmental perspective. Seventh-, eighth-, and ninth-grade boys and girls from Mexican American (N = 2549), African American (N = 1837), and Euro-American (N = 3025) ethnic groups were surveyed about their family relationships, parental behavior, and their deviant activities. Some significant ethnic and gender differences were found. Implications for practice and prevention are discussed.
Effect of quinoline based 1,2,3-triazole and its structural analogues on growth and virulence attributes of Candida albicans

Candida albicans, along with some other non-albicans Candida species, is a group of yeast, which causes serious infections in humans that can be both systemic and superficial. Despite the fact that extensive efforts have been put into the discovery of novel antifungal agents, the frequency of these fungal infections has increased drastically worldwide. In our quest for the discovery of novel antifungal compounds, we had previously synthesized and screened quinoline containing 1,2,3-triazole (3a) as a potent Candida spp inhibitor. In the present study, two structural analogues of 3a (3b and 3c) have been synthesized to determine the role of quinoline and their anti-Candida activities have been evaluated. Preliminary results helped us to determine 3a and 3b as lead inhibitors. The IC50 values of compound 3a for C. albicans ATCC 90028 (standard) and C. albicans (fluconazole resistant) strains were 0.044 and 2.3 μg/ml, respectively while compound 3b gave 25.4 and 32.8 μg/ml values for the same strains. Disk diffusion, growth and time kill curve assays showed significant inhibition of C. albicans in the presence of compounds 3a and 3b. Moreover, 3a showed fungicidal nature while 3b was fungistatic. Both the test compounds significantly lower the secretion of proteinases and phospholipases. While, 3a inhibited proteinase secretion in C. albicans (resistant strain) by 45%, 3b reduced phospholipase secretion by 68% in C. albicans ATCC90028 at their respective MIC values. Proton extrusion and intracellular pH measurement studies suggested that both compounds potentially inhibit the activity of H+ ATPase, a membrane protein that is crucial for various cell functions. Similarly, 95–97% reduction in ergosterol content was measured in the presence of the test compounds at MIC and MIC/2. The study led to identification of two quinoline based potent inhibitors of C. albicans for further structural optimization and pharmacological investigation.
Integrated catheter for 3-d intracardiac echo cardiography and ultrasound ablation

A catheter device with integrated ultrasound imaging array and ultrasound ablation transducer is introduced. This device has been designed for use in interventional cardiac procedures in which the cardiac anatomy is first imaged using real-time three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound, then ablated to treat arrhythmias. The imaging array includes 112 elements operating at 5.4 MHz arranged in a 2-D matrix. Individual elements have a bandwidth of 21% and an insertion loss of 80 dB. The array has an azimuth resolution of 12/spl deg/ and an elevation resolution of 8.7/spl deg/. The ablation transducer is a concentric piezoelectric transducer PZT-4 ring (outside diameter (O.D.), 4.5 mm, inside diameter (I.D.), 3.1 mm) operating at 10 MHz that surrounds the imaging array. It can produce a spatial-peak, temporal-average intensity up to 16 W/cm/sup 2/. The entire device fits into a 9 Fr lumen with a 14 Fr tip to accommodate the ablation ring. With this device we have imaged, in realtime 3-D, a variety of targets including wire phantoms, fixed sheep hearts, and fresh bovine tissue. The ablation ring has been used to heat tissue-mimicking rubber 14/spl deg/C, as well as create lesions in fresh bovine tissue.
Music Retrieval and Recommendation Scheme Based on Varying Mood Sequences

A typical music clip consists of one or more segments with different moods and such mood information could be a crucial clue for determining the similarity between music clips. One representative mood has been selected for music clip for retrieval, recommendation or classification purposes, which often gives unsatisfactory result. In this paper, the authors propose a new music retrieval and recommendation scheme based on the mood sequence of music clips. The authors first divide each music clip into segments through beat structure analysis, then, apply the k-medoids clustering algorithm for grouping all the segments into clusters with similar features. By assigning a unique mood symbol for each cluster, one can transform each music clip into a musical mood sequence. For music retrieval, the authors use the Smith-Waterman SW algorithm to measure the similarity between mood sequences. However, for music recommendation, user preferences are retrieved from a recent music playlist or user interaction through the interface, which generates a music recommendation list based on the mood sequence similarity. The authors demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves excellent performance in terms of retrieval accuracy and user satisfaction in music recommendation.
Development of Hyperlipidemia Associated with Increased Lipolytic Response of Isolated Adipose Tissue Cells Following Prolonged Stimulation by an Ectopic Pituitary Tumor*

Implantation of MtT-F4 tumor, a mammotropic tumor that secretes large quantities of ACTH, GH and prolactin, into male Fisher rats induced the development of hyperlipidemia. Free fatty acid, triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the plasma were significantly increased at 31 days after tumor implantation. Blood glucose and glycerol levels remained normal, while uric acid concentration in the blood was significantly decreased. The lipolytic response of isolated adipose tissue cells to ACTH was significantly higher in cells derived from rats bearing an MtT-F4 tumor for 31 days than from their corresponding controls. However, the activity of adenylate cyclase in fat cells stimulated with ACTH was not significantly higher in cells derived from tumor bearing rats than in cells from control rats.
Group Selection by Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Coalitional Game Theory

Wireless sensor networks consist of resource constrained nodes, especially with respect to power resources. In many cases, the replacement of a dead node is difficult and costly, e.g. an implanted node in the human body. Our main goal in this paper is reducing the total power consumption of the network. For this purpose, we consider the cooperation of nodes in data transmission in terms of a group, since the major consumer of power is the data transmission process. A mobile node may move to a new location, in which it is desirable for the node to join a group. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for nodes to choose the best group in their signal range, using coalitional game theory to determine what is beneficial in terms of power consumption. The protocol is formalized in rewriting logic, implemented in the Maude tool, and validated by means of Maude's model exploration facilities. Simulation-based tools are in general not able to prove the protocol. However, by using Maude, we prove the correctness of our proposed protocol, by searching for failures of the protocol, through all possible behaviors of sensors. These searches prove that grouping nodes is done correctly in all reachable states from a set of initial states of the model. In addition, we simulate our model in order to quantitatively analyze the efficiency of the proposed protocol. The results show significant improvements in power efficiency.
Consequences, morality, and time in environmental risk evaluation

Environmental risks pose a serious problem to individual and societal decision‐making, and the public debate is often characterized by a conflict between morally‐principled and technically oriented points of view. Drawing on previous work of Böhm and Pfister (2000), we propose a model on how environmental risks are cognitively represented and how risks are evaluated. The model suggests two evaluative pathways, evaluations of consequences and evaluation of moral considerations, each leading to a distinct set of emotions and action tendencies. Either one of these pathways may become dominant depending on the evaluative focus of the person, which, in turn, depends on the causal structure of the risk. An experimental study yields confirming evidence for this model. Furthermore, the influence of time perspective, that is, the delay of negative consequences caused by an environmental risk, is investigated. Contrary to the common assumption, only weak evidence for temporal discounting effects is found. It is concluded that environmental risks, due to their strong moral component, are partly immune to time perspective.
Pedagogy and Curriculum Reform in China—From the Angle of One Teacher's Daily Work

This article is based on a study that documented the daily work practice of an eighth-grade mathematics teacher and her colleagues at a secondary school in Shanghai when they taught the unit on geometric proofs. Four interrelated work activities were identified to highlight a pedagogy around homework errors. They form an activity system characterized by rich and timely feedback to students and collegial deliberations on what is behind the errors. Key ideas of activity theory were used to shed light on the process and roles of each activity. Important implications of this pedagogy were discussed in the form of four dilemmas faced by the current reform.
Cognitive-Adaptation Training for Improving Performance and Stress Management of Air Force Pilots

This study investigated the effects of cognitive-adaptation training on flight performance and stress management in a sample of pilot cadets who were undergoing a basic flying program (N = 21). The aim of the training was to enhance the participants' awareness of the cognitive processes that they used in a given situation, and to strengthen reflective processes. Cadets were assigned to a training group or to a control group. In-flight performance, stress-management mode, anxiety, and mood were measured. A significant pre- to posttraining improvement in in-flight performance was observed for the lowest ranked cadets in the training group. Anxiety and mood scores did not differ significantly between the training and control groups. However, trained cadets reported changing their stress-management mode. On the whole, these results indicate that cognitive-adaptation training of the type used in this study can enhance both cognitive and emotional adaptation skills.
Enzymatic Catalysis at Interfaces—Heterophase Systems as Substrates for Enzymatic Action

Several important enzymatic reactions occurring in nature, such as, e.g., the digestion of fat, proceed only at the interface of two immiscible phases. Typically, these systems consist of an organic substrate, dispersed in an aqueous continuous phase, with a specialized enzyme capable of working at the interface. For adopting such a system for organic synthesis, a stable heterophase system with a large interfacial area is required. These prerequisites can be found in so-called miniemulsions. Such liquid-liquid heterophase systems feature droplets with sizes smaller than 500 nm, and more importantly, these emulsions do not suffer from Ostwald ripening, as conventional emulsions do. Consequently, the droplets show long-term stability, even throughout reactions conducted in the droplets. In this review, we will briefly discuss the physicochemical background of miniemulsions, provide a comprehensive overview of the enzymatically catalyzed reactions conducted in miniemulsions and, as data are available, to compare the most important features to conventional systems, as reverse microemulsions, (macro)emulsions and solvent-based systems.
Mental Health Problems among Prison Inmates: the Effect of Welfare Deficiencies, Drug Use and Self‐Efficacy

In this paper, we investigate the differential contribution of accumulated welfare deficiencies, drug use, and self‐efficacy on inmates' current symptoms of mental health problems. Few studies so far have investigated inmates' mental health based on empirical data covering both social and psychological predictors. Our analyses are aimed at the following research questions: (a) what is the relationship between welfare deficiencies, drug use, and symptom reporting among prison inmates? (b) is this relationship influenced by inmates' perceived self‐efficacy? and (c) how might this information be used to inform the discussion of challenges in prisoner re‐entry? Findings are based on a national survey among prison inmates in Norway, focusing on living conditions generally, as well as mental distress, drug use, and self‐efficacy. The findings indicate serious accumulation of disadvantage, and more welfare deficiencies among drug users and those suffering from mental distress. When it comes to prediction of mental distress, accumulation of welfare deficiencies and self‐efficacy both turned out as significant contributors. The findings are discussed both in terms of practical implications, and in terms of how they illustrate some of the shortcomings inherent in a traditional welfare research perspective.
Mitochondrial metabolism and ROS generation are essential for Kras-mediated tumorigenicity

Otto Warburg's theory on the origins of cancer postulates that tumor cells have defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and therefore rely on high levels of aerobic glycolysis as the major source of ATP to fuel cellular proliferation (the Warburg effect). This is in contrast to normal cells, which primarily utilize oxidative phosphorylation for growth and survival. Here we report that the major function of glucose metabolism for Kras-induced anchorage-independent growth, a hallmark of transformed cells, is to support the pentose phosphate pathway. The major function of glycolytic ATP is to support growth under hypoxic conditions. Glutamine conversion into the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate alpha-ketoglutarate through glutaminase and alanine aminotransferase is essential for Kras-induced anchorage-independent growth. Mitochondrial metabolism allows for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are required for Kras-induced anchorage-independent growth through regulation of the ERK MAPK signaling pathway. We show that the major source of ROS generation required for anchorage-independent growth is the Qo site of mitochondrial complex III. Furthermore, disruption of mitochondrial function by loss of the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) gene reduced tumorigenesis in an oncogenic Kras-driven mouse model of lung cancer. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial metabolism and mitochondrial ROS generation are essential for Kras-induced cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.
Hidden Breakdown of Linear Response: Projections of Molecular Motions in Nonequilibrium Simulations of Solvation Dynamics

The linear response (LR) approximation forms the cornerstone of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and has found special utility in studies of solvation dynamics, in which LR implies that nonequilibrium relaxation dynamics is governed by the same molecular motions responsible for fluctuations at equilibrium. When the motions at and away from equilibrium fall in the LR regime, the equilibrium and nonequilibrium response functions are identical. However, similarity of the equilibrium and nonequilibrium solvent response functions does not guarantee that LR holds and that the underlying molecular motions are the same. In this paper, we present computer simulation studies of the removal of charge from an atomic solute in liquid tetrahydrofuran, a system for which the equilibrium and nonequilibrium solvation responses appear quite similar. We then introduce a method for projecting nonequilibrium response functions onto specific molecular motions. We find that the equilibrium relaxation is dominated by solvent rotations, whereas the nonequilibrium relaxation is much more complex, having translations dominating at early times and a delayed onset of rotations. The results imply that LR may not hold as often as is widely believed and that care should be taken when using equilibrium response functions to understand nonequilibrium solvation dynamics.
The Use of Narrative Paradigm Theory in Assessing Audience Value Conflict in Image Advertising

This article presents an analysis of an image advertisement using techniques developed from Narrative Paradigm Theory. It is suggested that the nature of postmodern culture makes image advertising an appropriate external communication strategy for generating stakeholder loyalty. A content analysis of Exxon’s “Driver Human” campaign’s introductory television advertisement was performed to explore potential sources of rational and value-laden audience conflicts. Two random samples, one advertising professionals and one upper-division undergraduate business students, participated in this study. Analysis suggests that, used in advance of traditional audience testing, Narrative Paradigm Theory can identify potential sources of audience conflict by illuminating sources of disbelief arising from both values and life experiences that contradict the corporate message.
Within-individual variability in neurocognitive performance: age- and sex-related differences in children and youths from ages 8 to 21.

OBJECTIVE The transition from childhood to adulthood is characterized by improved motor and cognitive performance in many domains. Developmental studies focus on average performance in single domains but ignore consistency of performance across domains. Within-individual variability (WIV) provides an index of that evenness and is a potential marker of development. METHOD We gave a computerized battery of 14 neurocognitive tests to 9138 youths ages 8-21 from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. RESULTS As expected, performance improved with age, with both accuracy and speed peaking in adulthood. WIV, however, showed a U-shaped course: highest in childhood, declining yearly into mid-adolescence, and increasing again into adulthood. Young females outperformed and were less variable than males, but by early adulthood male performance matched that of females despite being more variable. CONCLUSION We conclude that WIV declines from childhood to adolescence as developmental lags are overcome, and then increases into adulthood reflecting the emergence of cognitive specializations related to skill-honing and brain maturation.
The Effect of Music Training on Preschoolers' Spatial-Temporal Task Performance

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of music training on preschoolers' Performance IQ (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Intelligence Scale-Revised, 1989). Preschoolers in the treatment group (N = 15) met weekly from October 1996 through April 1997. A Mann-Whitney test on Performance IQ (scaled) gain scores by group yielded U = 67, p =. 059; a Mann-Whitney test on Performance IQ (raw) gain scores by group yielded U = 65, p =. 049. Regressions of IQ gain scores on age showed significantly less gain for older children in the control group (N = 15). A regression analysis showed that the relationship of Performance IQ to age was not significant for the treatment group. Slopes intersected at age 3. For 3-year-olds in this study, an intellectually stimulating environment, per se, results in a gain in the ability to perform spatial-temporal tasks.
Towards a segmental vocoder driven by ultrasound and optical images of the tongue and lips

This article presents a framework for a phonetic vocoder driven by ultrasound and optical images of the tongue and lips for a “silent speech interface” application. The system is built around an HMM-based visual phone recognition step which provides target phonetic sequences from a continuous visual observation stream. The phonetic target constrains the search for the optimal sequence of diphones that maximizes similarity to the input test data in visual space subject to a unit concatenation cost in the acoustic domain. The final speech waveform is generated using “Harmonic plus Noise Model” synthesis techniques. Experimental results are based on a onehour continuous speech audiovisual database comprising ultrasound images of the tongue and both frontal and lateral view of the speaker’s lips.
Automatic summarization focusing on document genre and text structure

This dissertation proposes a new automatic summarization method focusing on document genre and text structure, and verifies its effectiveness. "Document genre" refers to the type of document, such as a diary or a report. "Text structure" refers to the functional aspects of the text and divides the text into sentence units or components, according to their functional roles. This type of structure includes both the components and their organization within the text of a specific document genre. We used text structure and document genre to extract important sentences from source documents and to generate output summaries.
Practitioners' Perspectives of Collaboration: A Social Validation and Factor Analysis

This investigation was designed to socially validate the characterization and operational definitions of collaboration as described in the professional literature and quantitatively identify salient features of collaboration. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase employed an adelphi methodology asking practitioners to define and describe the collaborative process. Open-ended surveys were sent to teachers, special education teachers, administrators, and related service providers at the building, district, and state levels in 3 states representing distinct national regions. A content analysis team identified 35 thematic units that were used to create a second instrument for the second phase of the study, a factor analysis. Surveys were sent to teachers, special educators, administrators, and related service providers at the building, district, and state levels in 7 states. A factor analysis revealed 4 factors as salient components of collaboration. Results of the investigation socially validated most concepts of collaboration articulated in the literature. Overall, practitioners have a pragmatic view of the process of collaboration coupled with an emphasis on the collaborative ethic. Each identified factor is described and discussed. This article concludes with implications of these findings for professional preparation programs.