Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Do Lotteries and Study Results Influence Response Behavior in Online Panels?

Two incentive experiments on response behavior were conducted in a nonprofit online panel. Experiment 1 examined effects of a lottery and of the lottery’s splitting into multiple prizes. Two cash lotteries and a no-incentive control group were compared. One lottery was announced to be paid out in one lump sum, whereas the other lottery was split into multiple smaller prizes. Dependent variables were two facets of response quantity, namely response and retention, and two facets of response quality, namely nondifferentiation and item nonresponse. Moreover, panelists’ characteristics were tested whether they moderated the lottery effects. The lottery and its splitting did not significantly affect response behavior; however, in terms of effect sizes, splitting the lottery mildly decreased response quantity. Experiment 2 was in part aimed at replication. In addition, it examined the effect of offering study results. Dependent variables were response, retention, and nondifferentiation. The cash lottery mildly enhanced response quantity and quality, whereas splitting the lottery tended to decrease response quantity. Offering study results had no impact on response behavior, both as a stand-alone incentive and in combination with a lottery. The two experiments revealed moderating effects, but these were not stable across both studies. A share of invitees in Experiment 1 was reinvited in Experiment 2, thus enabling analysis of whether their lottery condition in Experiment 1 influenced their response behavior 5 months later in Experiment 2. No such longitudinal effects were found.
Optimal Packet Scheduling in an Energy Harvesting Communication System

We consider the optimal packet scheduling problem in a single-user energy harvesting wireless communication system. In this system, both the data packets and the harvested energy are modeled to arrive at the source node randomly. Our goal is to adaptively change the transmission rate according to the traffic load and available energy, such that the time by which all packets are delivered is minimized. Under a deterministic system setting, we assume that the energy harvesting times and harvested energy amounts are known before the transmission starts. For the data traffic arrivals, we consider two different scenarios. In the first scenario, we assume that all bits have arrived and are ready at the transmitter before the transmission starts. In the second scenario, we consider the case where packets arrive during the transmissions, with known arrival times and sizes. We develop optimal off-line scheduling policies which minimize the time by which all packets are delivered to the destination, under causality constraints on both data and energy arrivals.
Identifying Growth Opportunities: Testing a Personal Entrepreneurial Orientation

Does there exist a personal (individual-level) 'entrepreneurial orientation' analogous to Covin and Slevin's (organization-level) entrepreneurial orientation? If the entrepreneurial organization tends to reflect strong organizational biases toward being innovative, independent/autonomous, proactive, risk-accepting, and aggressively competitive, it would make sense that its managers (and perhaps employees) would share these biases. However, these biases are attitudinal and thus malleable. If we can identify components of a personal entrepreneurial orientation we should be able to influence those in desirable directions through education, training and organizational (or community) interventions. Results suggest that we can identify valid (and malleable) components of a personal entrepreneurial orientation (e.g., associated with significantopportunity-seeking behavior.)
`We expect to report on significant progress in our product pipeline in the coming year': hedging forward-looking statements in corporate press releases

This article reports on the findings of a study of so-called `forward-looking statements' in a corpus of corporate press releases, focusing in particular on the mechanisms of hedging involved. Forward-looking statements are an important characteristic of corporate press releases in which companies make predictions about the future in an attempt to demonstrate to stakeholders that the company is making progress and that its prospects are good. Such statements are explicitly mentioned in a disclaimer which often accompanies corporate press releases and are noted to involve risks and uncertainties. This article aims to identify those lexicogrammatical forms which are typically used in forward-looking statements in press releases, including those used for the purpose of hedging, and also to try to identify the function(s) of hedging in the selected data. The data analysis points to a range of forms which function as hedges in the data. These are discussed and exemplified and, drawing on Hyland's (1998a) model in particular, an attempt is made to consider what function(s) the hedges serve.
A Relative Bilingual Advantage in Switching With Preparation: Nuanced Explorations of the Proposed Association Between Bilingualism and Task Switching

Bilingual language switching may increase general switching efficiency, but the evidence on this question is mixed. We hypothesized that group differences in switching might be stronger at a long cue–target interval (CTI), which may better tap general switching abilities (Yehene & Meiran, 2007). Eighty Spanish–English bilinguals and 80 monolinguals completed a color-shape switching task, and an analogous language-switching task, varying CTI (short vs. long) in both tasks. With longer preparation time (long CTI), bilinguals exhibited significantly smaller task-switching costs than monolinguals, but only in the first half of trials. Group differences diminished with practice, though practice benefitted RTs on short CTI trials more than long, and bilinguals committed fewer errors with practice especially at short CTI. Groups did not differ in mixing costs; however, across CTIs and tasks, bilinguals and monolinguals alike, exhibited robust correlations between mixing costs, but not between switching costs. These results confirm an association between bilingualism and switching efficiency that may be magnified with manipulations that target general switching ability (or could reflect better ability to take advantage of preparation time). However, practice effects observed within experimental paradigms, and between task correlations in costs, may reflect cognitive mechanisms specific to laboratory tasks much more than associations with general switching ability and executive control mechanisms—for which more reliable and valid measures can hopefully be developed in future work.
A radio frequency identification-based quality evaluation system design for the wine industry

In the wine industry, how to evaluate the quality of wine in objective ways has been a thorny problem. The invention of radio frequency identification (RFID) has provided an effective tool to manage wine production. This article reports on the design and the use of an RFID-based quality evaluation system to monitor the whole supply chain of wine. With the application of this system, all relevant information about wines before they are put on the market for sale can be recorded, processed and managed. This article proposes a method that combines k-nearest neighbours' algorithm and a simple artificial neural networks' technique to provide quality evaluation of the final wine. The quality evaluation system can also discover accidents in time to reduce losses and prevent counterfeit.
Sensor saturation in Fourier multiplexed imaging

Optically multiplexed image acquisition techniques have become increasingly popular for encoding different exposures, color channels, light fields, and other properties of light onto two-dimensional image sensors. Recently, Fourier-based multiplexing and reconstruction approaches have been introduced in order to achieve a superior light transmission of the employed modulators and better signal-to-noise characteristics of the reconstructed data. We show in this paper that Fourier-based reconstruction approaches suffer from severe artifacts in the case of sensor saturation, i.e. when the dynamic range of the scene exceeds the capabilities of the image sensor. We analyze the problem, and propose a novel combined optical light modulation and computational reconstruction method that not only suppresses such artifacts, but also allows us to recover a wider dynamic range than existing image-space multiplexing approaches.
Patient-centered outcomes after subepithelial connective tissue grafts and coronally advanced flaps.

OBJECTIVE The use of a coronally advanced flap (CAF) and connective tissue graft (CTG) is a well-established procedure to cover single and multiple recessions and improve soft tissue esthetics. However, until now, there are still limited data evaluating patient morbidity, the fear of imminent tooth loss, and modification of sensitivity in surgical areas. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the patient-centered outcomes associated with CAF + CTG. METHOD AND MATERIALS Thirty-four patients (mean age, 30.76 ± 6.88 years) with single or multiple Class I and II gingival recessions were treated using a CAF + CTG. The following parameters were evaluated at 14 days and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery: esthetics, root hypersensitivity, fear of imminent tooth loss, daily activities or nutritional habits, and the levels of postsurgical morbidities. A visual analog scale was used to evaluate patient-centered outcomes. The percentage of patients belonging to each of the severity scales, the mean values associated with each parameter, and the statistical significance of the modification of the monitored parameters were calculated. The parametric F (Fisher) test and the least significant difference post hoc pair-wise comparisons were computed. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between baseline and all follow-up time points in root hypersensitivity and in fear of tooth loss. Preoperative prevalence of fear of tooth loss was 99%. Esthetics were statistically significantly improved at the 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month visits compared with the evaluation at 14 days. No palatal bleeding was recorded. The pain perception in the donor area was mild: Only 3% of patients reported severe palatal pain, and the mean VAS score for palatal pain was 3.79 ± 1.49. CONCLUSION Treatment of single and multiple gingival recessions with CAF + CTG resulted in predictable improvements of soft tissue esthetics and root hypersensitivity but was associated with a slight increase in patient morbidity, mainly related to the harvesting of CTG. This should be considered when treating patients with esthetic demands.
Integration of very-low-profile slot antenna into notebook metal cover with narrow bezel

An integrated slot antenna with a very low profile of 4 mm to the top edge of the notebook metal cover for WLAN operation is proposed. The antenna was integrated in the top cover and fed by soldering the cable across the slot. The antenna design consisted of two parallel-connected slot portions with the dimensions 80 mm and 2 mm. The larger slot portion contributed to both half- and the one-wavelength modes for operation in the 2.4 and 5.2 GHz bands with one matching inductor incorporated to attain good input impedance. The frequency ratio of these two modes can be controlled by adjusting the tuning portion in the larger slot. In addition, the 5.8-GHz resonance was generated by the smaller slot portion, making it possible for the very-low-profile slot antenna to obtain tri-WLAN-band operation.
Looking Beneath the Surface

Female offenders report higher rates of interpersonal violence (IPV) and mental health problems than incarcerated men. The purpose of this study was to describe the nature of incarcerated women’s (N = 102) IPV experiences, to investigate characteristics of IPV as predictors of current mental health, and to explore women’s perceptions of their treatment needs. Utilizing multivariate multiple regression analyses, the authors found that recent partner violence, multiple types of IPV, chronic IPV, and distress at the time of the IPV were all significant predictors of current mental health. In narrative responses, participants recognized the connection between IPV and their mental health and indicated a need for trauma-informed interventions.
Japanese Encephalitis Virus Enters Rat Neuroblastoma Cells via a pH-Dependent, Dynamin and Caveola-Mediated Endocytosis Pathway

ABSTRACT Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus and one of the most common agents of viral encephalitis. The infectious entry process of JEV into host cells remains largely unknown. Here, we present a systemic study concerning the cellular entry mechanism of JEV to B104 rat neuroblastoma cells. It was observed that JEV internalization was inhibited by chloroquine and ammonium chloride, both of which can elevate the pH of acidic organelles. However, JEV entry was not affected by chlorpromazine, overexpression of a dominant-negative form of EPS 15 protein, or silencing of the clathrin heavy chain by small interfering RNA (siRNA). These results suggested that JEV entry depended on the acidic intracellular pH but was independent of clathrin. We found that endocytosis of JEV was dependent on membrane cholesterol and was inhibited by inactivation of caveolin-1 with siRNA or dominant-negative mutants. It was also shown, by using the inhibitor dynasore, the K44A mutant, and specific siRNA, that dynamin was required for JEV entry. Phagocytosis or macropinocytosis did not play a role in JEV internalization. In addition, we showed that JEV entry into the neuroblastoma cells is not virus strain specific by assessing the effect of the pharmacological inhibitors on the internalization of JEV belonging to different genotypes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that JEV enters B104 cells through a dynamin-dependent caveola-mediated uptake with a pH-dependent step, which is distinct from the clathrin-mediated endocytosis used by most flaviviruses.
Tunable and Multifunctional Eukaryotic Transcription Factors Based on CRISPR/Cas

Transcriptional regulation is central to the complex behavior of natural biological systems and synthetic gene circuits. Platforms for the scalable, tunable, and simple modulation of transcription would enable new abilities to study natural systems and implement artificial capabilities in living cells. Previous approaches to synthetic transcriptional regulation have relied on engineering DNA-binding proteins, which necessitate multistep processes for construction and optimization of function. Here, we show that the CRISPR/Cas system of Streptococcus pyogenes can be programmed to direct both activation and repression to natural and artificial eukaryotic promoters through the simple engineering of guide RNAs with base-pairing complementarity to target DNA sites. We demonstrate that the activity of CRISPR-based transcription factors (crisprTFs) can be tuned by directing multiple crisprTFs to different positions in natural promoters and by arraying multiple crisprTF-binding sites in the context of synthetic promoters in yeast and human cells. Furthermore, externally controllable regulatory modules can be engineered by layering gRNAs with small molecule-responsive proteins. Additionally, single nucleotide substitutions within promoters are sufficient to render them orthogonal with respect to the same gRNA-guided crisprTF. We envision that CRISPR-based eukaryotic gene regulation will enable the facile construction of scalable synthetic gene circuits and open up new approaches for mapping natural gene networks and their effects on complex cellular phenotypes.
Economic costs and preference-based health-related quality of life outcomes associated with childhood psychiatric disorders

Background Childhood psychiatric disorders may have deleterious consequences through childhood and into adulthood. Aims To estimate costs and preference-based health-related quality of life outcomes (health utilities) associated with a broad range of childhood psychiatric disorders during the eleventh year of life. Method Participants in a whole-population study of extremely preterm children and term-born controls (EPICure) undertook psychiatric assessment using the Development and Well Being Assessment (DAWBA) and the Kaufman–Assessment Battery for Children. Questionnaires completed by parents and teachers described the children's utilisation of health, social and education services during the eleventh year of life. Parents also described their child's health status using the Health Utilities Index Mark 2 and Mark 3 health status classification systems. Descriptive and multiple regression techniques were used to explore the association between psychiatric disorders and economic outcomes. Results The study presents detailed costs and health utilities associated with psychiatric disorders for the preterm population, term-born population and pooled study population, following appropriate controls. Conclusions The results of this study should be used to inform future economic evaluations of interventions aimed at preventing childhood psychiatric disorders or alleviating their effects. Further research is required that identifies, measures and values the longer-term economic impacts of these disorders in a valid and reliable manner.
Internalized Heterosexism

This article focuses on implications of empirical research on the construct of internalized heterosexism (IH) in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. First, suggestions for practice with LGB clients are provided using the framework proposed by Goodman et al. for social justice work at micro, meso, and macro levels. Second, ideas for the training of counseling psychologists on the construct of IH are presented. Ways in which counseling psychologists can train students beyond the traditional micro-level approach are included.
Learning to assess terrain from human demonstration using an introspective Gaussian-process classifier

This paper presents an approach to learning robot terrain assessment from human demonstration. An operator drives a robot for a short period of time, supervising the gathering of traversable and untraversable terrain data. After this initial training period, the robot can then predict the traversability of new terrain based on its experiences. We improve on current methods in two ways: first, we maintain a richer (higher-dimensional) representation of the terrain that is better able to distinguish between different training examples. Second, we use a Gaussian-process classifier for terrain assessment due to its superior introspective abilities (leading to better uncertainty estimates) when compared to other classifier methods in the literature. Our method is tested on real data and shown to outperform current methods both in classification accuracy and uncertainty estimation.
Decision-making under uncertainty – the integrated approach of the AHP and Bayesian analysis

In situations where it is necessary to perform a large number of experiments in order to collect adequate statistical data which require expert analysis and assessment, there is a need to define a model that will include and coordinate statistical data and experts’ opinions. This article points out the new integrated application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Bayesian analysis, in the sense that the Bayes’ formula can improve the accuracy of input data for the Analytical Hierarchy Process, and vice versa, AHP can provide objectified inputs for the Bayesian formula in situations where the statistical estimates of probability are not possible. In this sense, the AHP can be considered as the Bayesian process that allows decision-makers to objectify their decisions and formalise the decision process through pairwise comparison of elements.
Output-Feedback Tracking Control for Polynomial Fuzzy-Model-Based Control Systems

This paper presents the output-feedback tracking control of the polynomial fuzzy-model-based control system which consists of a polynomial fuzzy model representing the nonlinear plant and an output-feedback polynomial fuzzy controller connected in a closed loop. The output-feedback polynomial fuzzy controller is employed to drive the system states of the nonlinear plant to follow those of a stable reference model subject to an H∞ performance. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, sum-of-squares-based stability conditions are obtained to determine the system stability and facilitate the control synthesis. A feasible solution can be found numerically using the third-party Matlab toolbox SOSTOOLS. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the merits of the proposed control approach.
Modeling Systems-Level Regulation of Host Immune Responses

Many pathogens are able to manipulate the signaling pathways responsible for the generation of host immune responses. Here we examine and model a respiratory infection system in which disruption of host immune functions or of bacterial factors changes the dynamics of the infection. We synthesize the network of interactions between host immune components and two closely related bacteria in the genus Bordetellae. We incorporate existing experimental information on the timing of immune regulatory events into a discrete dynamic model, and verify the model by comparing the effects of simulated disruptions to the experimental outcome of knockout mutations. Our model indicates that the infection time course of both Bordetellae can be separated into three distinct phases based on the most active immune processes. We compare and discuss the effect of the species-specific virulence factors on disrupting the immune response during their infection of naive, antibody-treated, diseased, or convalescent hosts. Our model offers predictions regarding cytokine regulation, key immune components, and clearance of secondary infections; we experimentally validate two of these predictions. This type of modeling provides new insights into the virulence, pathogenesis, and host adaptation of disease-causing microorganisms and allows systems-level analysis that is not always possible using traditional methods.
Single-output recurrent neural networks for sentence binary classification

We report several experiments on using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) for sentence binary classification task. In terms of sentence classification, RNNs have an important advantage compared to well-known traditional machine learning models (e.g. SVM and Maximum Entropy), in which it can naturally take into account neighboring information between contiguous words. In addition, to perform binary classification task, we employed Single-Output RNNs (SORNNs) which only consists of a single output layer located in the last time step. The output layer itself is a vector consisting of two units (since we perform binary classification), in which each unit corresponds to a single label. Our results showed that SORNN achieved better performance than other traditional machine learning models, such as SVM, Maximum Entropy, and Naive Bayes, which have been widely used for sentence classification.
Families without Borders: Mobile Phones, Connectedness and Work-Home Divisions

This article examines the widespread proposition that the mobile phone dissolves the boundaries that separate work and home, extending the reach of work. It analyses data derived from a purpose-designed survey to study social practices surrounding mobile phone use.The key components of the survey investigated here are a questionnaire and a log of phone calls retrieved from respondents' handsets. Rather than being primarily a tool of work extension, or even a tool that facilitates greater work-family balance, we show that the main purpose of mobile phone calls is to maintain continuing connections with family and friends. Our findings suggest that individuals exert control over the extent to which calls invade their personal time, actively encouraging deeper contacts with intimates.