Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Rapidly Disintegrating Vaginal Tablets of Tenofovir, Emtricitabine and Their Combination for HIV-1 Prevention

Vaginal tablets are being developed as an alternative to gels as an inexpensive, discreet dosage form for the administration of microbicides. This work describes the pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluation of rapidly disintegrating vaginal tablets containing tenofovir (TFV, 10 mg), emtricitabine (FTC, 10 mg), and the combination of TFV and FTC (10 mg each) under in vitro and in vivo conditions, and in direct comparison to the clinical TFV 1% gel, a microbicide product in Phase III clinical testing. The PK of TFV and FTC from tablets were also evaluated in female rabbits following intravaginal administration. Direct comparison of a single dose of TFV tablets (intact or predissolved at 10 mg/mL) and TFV 1% gel showed no differences in the vaginal PK of TFV between groups; however systemic bioavailability of TFV was significantly higher from the gel. When rabbits were dosed either once or daily for seven days with intact tablets of TFV, FTC, or the combination of TFV/FTC, vaginal and systemic concentrations of TFV and FTC were unaffected by co-formulation. Moreover, plasma PK parameters were similar following a single dose or seven once-daily doses. Tissue concentrations of TFV and FTC in the cranial vagina 4 h after administration ranged between 104 and 105 ng/g. Concentrations of TFV-diphospate (TFV-DP, the active metabolite) were also high (over 103 ng/g or about 3000 to 6000 fmol/mg) in the cranial vagina 4 h after administration and similar to those measured following administration of TFV 1% gel. These data demonstrate that rapidly disintegrating vaginal tablets may be a suitable topical microbicide dosage form providing similar vaginal TFV PK to that of TFV 1% gel. The data also support co-administration of FTC with TFV in a single vaginal tablet to create a combination microbicide in a simple and inexpensive dosage form.
Twenty-five years of finite-state morphology

Twenty-five years ago in the early 1980s, morphological analysis of natural language was a challenge to computational linguists. Simple cut-and-paste programs could be and were written to analyze strings in particular languages, but there was no general language-independent method available. Furthermore, cut-and-paste programs for analysis were not reversible, they could not be used to generate words. Generative phonologists of that time described morphological alternations by means of ordered rewrite rules, but it was not understood how such rules could be used for analysis. This was the situation in the spring of 1981 when Kimmo Koskenniemi came to a conference on parsing that Lauri Karttunen had organized at the University of Texas at Austin. Also at the same conference were two Xerox researchers from Palo Alto, Ronald M. Kaplan and Martin Kay. The four Ks discovered that all of them were interested and had been working on the problem of morphological analysis. Koskenniemi went on to Palo Alto to visit Kay and Kaplan at Xerox PARC. This was the beginning of Two-Level Morphology, the first general model in the history of computational linguistics for the analysis and generation of morphologically complex languages. The language-specific components, the lexicon and the rules, were combined with a runtime engine applicable to all languages.
Personality, Coping and Task-Induced Stress in Customer Service Personnel

This study investigated predictors of stress responses in customer service personnel working for a major telecommunications company. 91 participants performed a simulation of their work task. They were presented with telephone inquiries, and tested for their knowledge of the correct response. Several findings of a previous study (Matthews & Falconer, 2000) were replicated. Performing the task appeared to be intrinsically stressful, as evidenced by a large magnitude increase in subjective distress. Individual differences in stress state were related to strategy for coping with task demands. The ‘Big Five’ personality traits were compared with measures of dispositional coping style as predictors of subjective stress state. Coping measures added significantly to the variance in stress state explained by the Big Five. Emotion-focused strategies such as self-criticism appeared to be especially damaging in the customer service context. Coping measures might be used by organizations to select operators likely to be resistant to task-induced stress.
Knowledge Sharing for Pediatric Pain Management via a Web 2.0 Framework

The experiential knowledge of pediatric health practitioners encompasses vital insights into the clinical efficacy of diagnostic and therapeutic methods for pediatric pain management. Yet, this knowledge is not readily disseminated to other practitioners and translated into practice guidelines. We argue that a peer-to-peer knowledge sharing mechanism can serve as a key change agent to improve the attitudes, beliefs and methods for pediatric pain management. We are using collaborative technologies, in the realm of Web 2.0, to develop a web-based knowledge sharing medium for fostering a community of pediatric pain practitioners that engages in collaborative learning and problem solving. We present the design and use of a web portal featuring a discussion forum to facilitate experiential knowledge sharing based on our LINKS knowledge sharing model.
gga-miR-101-3p Plays a Key Role in Mycoplasma gallisepticum (HS Strain) Infection of Chicken

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), one of the most pathogenic Mycoplasma, has caused tremendous economic loss in the poultry industry. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are involved in microbial pathogenesis. However, little is known about potential roles of miRNAs in MG infection of chicken. In the present study, using miRNA Solexa sequencing we have found that gga-miR-101-3p was up-regulated in the lungs of MG-infected chicken embryos. Moreover, gga-miR-101-3p regulated expression of the host enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) through binding to the 3’ un-translated region (3’-UTR) of EZH2 gene. Over-expression of gga-miR-101-3p significantly inhibited EZH2 expression and hence inhibited proliferation of chicken embryonic fibroblast (DF-1 cells) by blocking the G1-to-S phase transition. Similar results were obtained in MG-infected chicken embryos and DF-1 cells, where gga-miR-101-3p was significantly up-regulated, while EZH2 was significantly down-regulated. This study reveals that gga-miR-101-3p plays an important role in MG infection through regulation of EZH2 expression and provides a new insight into the mechanisms of MG pathogenesis.
Flexible Linked Axes for Multivariate Data Visualization

Multivariate data visualization is a classic topic, for which many solutions have been proposed, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. In standard solutions the structure of the visualization is fixed, we explore how to give the user more freedom to define visualizations. Our new approach is based on the usage of Flexible Linked Axes: The user is enabled to define a visualization by drawing and linking axes on a canvas. Each axis has an associated attribute and range, which can be adapted. Links between pairs of axes are used to show data in either scatter plot- or Parallel Coordinates Plot-style. Flexible Linked Axes enable users to define a wide variety of different visualizations. These include standard methods, such as scatter plot matrices, radar charts, and PCPs [11]; less well known approaches, such as Hyperboxes [1], TimeWheels [17], and many-to-many relational parallel coordinate displays [14]; and also custom visualizations, consisting of combinations of scatter plots and PCPs. Furthermore, our method allows users to define composite visualizations that automatically support brushing and linking. We have discussed our approach with ten prospective users, who found the concept easy to understand and highly promising.
Testicular development and endocrine characteristics of boars selected for either high or low testis size.

Thirty-six Landrace x Large White cross boars were selected from litters with either high or low estimated breeding values for 150-d paired testis weight. Blood samples were taken via jugular venipuncture at eight ages (42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126 and 140 d). At each sampling age, nine blood samples were taken at 30-min intervals. Luteinizing hormone (LH) was determined on the individual serum samples. Serum samples from each boar at each age were pooled and concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol-17 beta (E2) and testosterone (T) were determined. Paired testis width, testis length and body weight were measured at 98, 112, 126 and 140 d of age. Backfat probe, weights of excised testes and histological data on testes were obtained at 140 d of age. Boars with high testis weight (HTW) were heavier (P less than .05), had higher adjusted backfat probes (P less than .01) and had consistently larger in situ testis measurements (P less than .01) than did low testis weight (LTW) boars. Boars with HTW had heavier (P less than .01) testes and epididymides at 140 d of age. They also had a higher percentage of seminiferous tubules in which spermatogenesis was present (P less than .05), a larger percentage of tubules with a lumen (P less than .05) and tubules had a larger mean diameter (P less than .01) than did those of boar with LTW. Adjustment of in situ testis measurements and excised testis weights for body weight reduced line differences by less than 20%. A rise in LH concentrations occurred at approximately 100 d of age. Boars with HTW had higher (P less than .05) and more variable (P less than .01) LH concentrations than did boars with LTW. Boars with HTW also had higher maximum concentrations of LH during the pubertal rise (P less than .01) and these concentrations tended to reach maximum levels at younger ages. Concentrations of T increased in a fashion that was nearly linear with age (P less than .01) and tended to be higher for the boars with HTW (P less than .10). Concentrations of E2 changed little from 42 to 84 d of age but increased steadily thereafter. Boars with HTW had a more rapid increase in E2 concentrations than did boars with LTW (P less than .05). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The brain bases of reading late learned words: Evidence from functional MRI

Age of acquisition (AoA) effects for reading have been documented in the literature. Recent studies have suggested that more effortful phonological retrieval is involved in picture naming for late learned words. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine the neuroanatomical correlates of AoA effects in reading, and to explore whether AoA effects in the brain modulate activity in areas devoted to phonological processing. Participants were asked to covertly name blocks of early and late learned words while being scanned with functional MRI. Results revealed a relative increase in neural activity for late learned words in a set of brain areas involved in auditory-phonological processing (the planum temporale of the posterior-superior left temporal lobe) and articulatory motor planning (BA 44, putamen, and globus pallidus). These findings support the view that late learned words involve more effortful phonological retrieval, but in addition point to a second locus of the AoA effect in the articulatory component of the reading system.
Genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between adult ADHD symptoms and self-reported problem drinking in 6024 Dutch twins

Background Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown a positive association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and problematic alcohol use in adults. To what extent this association is explained by genetic and environmental factors is largely unknown. Method Data on ADHD and alcohol consumption were collected by self-report in 6024 adult Dutch twins. ADHD symptoms were assessed by three subscales of the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales – Self-Report: Screening Version (CAARS–S:SV): inattentiveness, hyperactivity and the ADHD index (ADHD-I). Problem drinking was defined as at least two self-reported alcohol-related problems on the CAGE questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was applied to the bivariate twin data to estimate genetic and environmental influences. Results Heritability of ADHD symptoms ranged between 32% and 40% and heritability of problem drinking was 50%. The positive correlation between ADHD symptoms and problem drinking was confirmed in this general population sample, with phenotypic correlations between 0.20 and 0.28 and genetic correlations between 0.39 and 0.50. Phenotypic correlations are primarily (61–100%) explained by genetic influences with non-shared environmental influences explaining the remaining covariance. No significant quantitative or qualitative gender differences in covariance structure were found. Conclusions This study convincingly shows that ADHD symptoms and problem drinking are moderately but significantly correlated in adults and that genetic correlations are primarily underlying this association. This suggests that early interventions are required to prevent adolescents with ADHD from developing problematic levels of alcohol use. Furthermore, clinicians who treat alcohol-dependent patients should be aware that the patient may have a co-morbid condition of ADHD; integrated interventions are required.
Change management: the contribution of personal construct theory (PCT)

This paper explores the use of two complementary approaches, each stemming from Personal Construct Theory (PCT), to investigate the interdependence of organizations and information systems. Two techniques Repertory Grid Analysis (RGA) and Cognitive Mapping (CM) are used to investigate the dynamics of this interaction. Changing business models and information technologies were investigated in two distinct work settings: the techniques contributed substantial insight into the role of information systems in each case. Our analysis shows that the techniques have matured to a stage where they provide a basis for improved understanding of the organizational complexities related to information technologies. The techniques focus on the social construction of meaning by articulating and interpreting the discourse that surrounds the development, implementation and use of information technology in organizations. The research to date has articulated and improved awareness of the issues and concerns that surround IT. Despite the differing contexts and work processes, our findings in each case suggest that this has made managers more conceptually agile, leading to improved integration of organisational processes and technology in each case. The complementarity of the findings from the two settings and their analytic generalisability is explored in the concluding sections of the paper where we identify a promising avenue for extending this research into the complex relationship between information systems and organizations using PCT.
Sketch-based Real-time Intrusion Detection Framework for Industrial Internet of Things

Intrusion detection technology is of great significance to enhance the network security protection of industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and ensure the efficient implementation of the production process. Aiming at the problems of poor real-time performance and high false positive rate (FPR) of existing intrusion detection methods in IIoT, a sketch-based intrusion detection framework is proposed. The framework employs an improved sketch algorithm as a primary classification module, which is able to process raw traffic in real-time, and perform traffic splitting and filtering efficiently. To improve accuracy, the filtered traffic is fed into a machine learning (ML) based secondary classification module for further analysis. Compared to direct analysis, the sketch can filter out a portion of the benign traffic, thus improving the efficiency of the secondary module. Our framework can work as a pre-module for existing ML based intrusion detection methods, giving them the ability to process traffic in real-time and reduce FPRs. We validate the performance of the framework by testing it on the latest publicly available dataset, Modbus 2023.
He Did It First! A Path Model of Interactions in the Aggressive Behaviors of Elementary School Boys During Three Successive Recess Periods

Abstract This exploratory study uses observations of the aggressive behavior of elementary school boys during three successive recess periods to test the hypothesis that aggressive behavior can spread between recess periods through peer contagion. If this hypothesis is correct, aggressive behaviors during the second recess period should mediate any correlation between aggressive behaviors during the first and third periods. Structural equation modeling supports the mediating role of the second period. This finding suggests that peer contagion in aggressive behaviors can occur quite rapidly and adds theoretical support to the use of proactive interventions within schools that curtail aggressive behaviors before they have the opportunity to spread. Implications for schools related to supervision in unstructured settings throughout the school day are discussed.
Suicide on the paternal and maternal sides of depressed patients with a lifetime history of attempted suicide

The computational model of Slater, based on the analysis of ancestral secondary cases on the paternal and maternal sides of the subjects, was applied to depressed patients with a lifetime history of attempted suicide, either violent or nonviolent, in order to investigate possible modes of transmission of suicidal behavior. Among 549 patients, 15 had 2 or more ascendant first‐ and second‐degree relatives who committed suicide. The results of the distribution of these cases were compatible with polygenic inheritance of suicidal behavior in depressed patients with a history of attempted suicide. In patients using violent methods, a significantly greater loading of ancestral secondary cases of suicide was observed on the maternal side and, in the nonviolent attempter group, on the paternal side.
Simple polynomial detectors for CDMA downlink transmissions on frequency-selective channels

In code-division multiple-access (CDMA) transmissions, computing the multiuser minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) detector coefficients requires the inversion of the covariance matrix associated to the received vector signal, an operation usually difficult to implement when the spreading factor and the number of users are large. It is therefore interesting to approximate the inverse by a matrix polynomial. In this correspondence, means for computing the polynomial coefficients are proposed in the context of CDMA downlink transmissions on frequency-selective channels, the users having possibly different powers. Derivations are made in the asymptotic regime where the spreading factor and the number of users grow toward infinity at the same rate. Results pertaining to the mathematics of large random matrices, and in particular to free probability theory, are used. Spreading matrices are modeled as isometric random matrices (spreading vectors orthonormality is a natural assumption in downlink) and also as random matrices with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) elements.
CTLA4CT60 gene polymorphism is not associated with differential susceptibility to pemphigus foliaceus

Pemphigus foliaceus is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibodies against the extracellular region of desmoglein 1, a protein that mediates intercellular adhesion in desmosomes. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is a key negative regulator of the T cell immune response, playing an important role in T cell homeostasis and maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Polymorphisms in the CTLA4 gene have been associated with autoimmune diseases and the functional CT60 single nucleotide polymorphism (rs3087243, also named 6230G > A) has been proposed to be a casual variant in several of these diseases. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether this polymorphism is associated with inter-individual variation in susceptibility to pemphigus foliaceus. The population sample in this case-control association study comprised 248 patient and 367 controls. We did not found a significant association of pemphigus foliaceus with the CT60 variants. We conclude that the CTLA4CT60 polymorphism is not an important factor for pemphigus foliaceus pathogenesis in the population analyzed.
Automated LiDAR-Based Dataset Labelling Method for Road Image Segmentation in Autonomous Vehicles

This research introduces an automated method for labeling datasets in road segmentation, specifically tailored for autonomous vehicle technology, using LiDAR sensor data. It employs LiDAR surface contour data to pinpoint potential segmentation points. These points are further refined through a series of methods including road boundary estimation, local mapping, and a road curve fitting algorithm. We also developed a more generalized method for inverse perspective mapping using artificial neural network algorithm. Subsequently, a mask creation process is undertaken, aimed at producing datasets for camera-based systems, which are notably more cost-effective compared to LiDAR-based alternatives. The outcome of this research is a polygon-based mask dataset, specifically designed for road image segmentation. In our experiments, we successfully generated over 2000 datasets covering a 1km road segment within the ITS campus complex, achieving a mean IoU score of 0.90. This innovative approach has the potential to increase the efficiency and affordability of autonomous vehicle technology.
Nonneuronal cells regulate synapse formation in the vestibular sensory epithelium via erbB-dependent BDNF expression

Recent studies indicate that molecules released by glia can induce synapse formation. However, what induces glia to produce such signals, their identity, and their in vivo relevance remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that supporting cells of the vestibular organ—cells that have many characteristics of glia—promote synapse formation only when induced by neuron-derived signals. Furthermore, we identify BDNF as the synaptogenic signal produced by these nonneuronal cells. Mice in which erbB signaling has been eliminated in supporting cells have vestibular dysfunction caused by failure of synapse formation between hair cells and sensory neurons. This phenotype correlates with reduced BDNF expression in supporting cells and is rescued by reexpression of BDNF in these cells. Furthermore, knockdown of BDNF expression in supporting cells postnatally phenocopies the loss of erbB signaling. These results indicate that vestibular supporting cells contribute in vivo to vestibular synapse formation and that this is mediated by reciprocal signals between sensory neurons and supporting cells involving erbB receptors and BDNF.