Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Augmenting the Heat Sink for Better Heat Dissipation

Heat sinks were invented to absorb heat from within an electronic circuit and dissipate and or radiate this heat to the surrounding supposedly, ventilated space. Ventilation was not initially recognized as an essential factor to heat dispersion however as electronic circuit-boards continued to heat up, circuit failure became a problem, forcing the inclusion of miniaturized high speed fans. Later, heat sinks with fins and quiet fans were incorporated in most manufactured circuits. Now heat sinks come in the form of a fan with fans made to function as fins to disperse heat. Heat sinks absorb and radiate excess heat from circuit-boards from within in order to prolong the circuit's life span. The higher the thermal conductivity of the material used the more efficient and effective the heat sink is. This paper is an attempt to theoretically design a heat sink with a temperature gradient lower than that of the circuit board's excess heat.
Dynamic measurement of the corneal tear film with a Twyman-Green interferometer

An interferometer for measuring dynamic properties of the in vivo tear film on the human cornea has been developed. The system is a near-infrared instantaneous phase-shifting Twyman-Green interferometer. The laser source is a 785 nm solidstate laser; the system has been carefully designed and calibrated to ensure that the system operates at eye safe levels. Measurements are made over a 6 mm diameter on the cornea. Successive frames of interferometric height measurements are combined to produce movies showing both the quantitative and qualitative changes in the topography of the tear film surface and structure. To date, measurement periods of up to 120 seconds at 28.6 frames per second have been obtained. Several human subjects have been examined using this system, demonstrating a surface height resolution of 25 nm and spatial resolution of 6 μm. Examples of features that have been observed in these in preliminary studies of the tear film include: post-blink disruption, evolution, and stabilization of the tear film; tear film artifacts generated by blinking; tear film evaporation and break-up; and the propagation of foreign objects in the tear film. This paper discusses the interferometer design and presents results from in vivo measurements.
Remote education system using virtual anatomical model

We are developing medical education support system using Virtual Anatomical Model (VAM). VAM is a display system for viewing and examining the virtual mockups of internal organs. Virtual internal organs are superimposed onto real object in the shape of human body, by image projection. The method is based on the distortion cancellation algorithm to project an image onto curved screen without distortion. The virtual objects are represented as if it is located inside the screen. In this paper, distant education platform for anatomy is constructed using two VAM equipments connected trough network. The teacher and student in distant places can share the virtual internal organs.
A survey on energy storage technologies in power systems

The renewable energy sources are become an alternative for conventional power generating stations. Currently, in Canada 16.9% of total primary energy supply is met by the renewable energy sources. However, there is an increasing concern over renewable energy sources in power system due to its highly intermittent nature. This may cause problems such as stability, voltage regulation and other power quality issues. To mitigate the power quality issues, the energy storage systems are widely utilized in power system. This paper presents a brief review on various energy storage systems including mechanical, electrical, electrochemical and thermal storage systems.
SSN_MLRG1 at SemEval-2017 Task 4: Sentiment Analysis in Twitter Using Multi-Kernel Gaussian Process Classifier

The SSN MLRG1 team for Semeval-2017 task 4 has applied Gaussian Process, with bag of words feature vectors and fixed rule multi-kernel learning, for sentiment analysis of tweets. Since tweets on the same topic, made at different times, may exhibit different emotions, their properties such as smoothness and periodicity also vary with time. Our experiments show that, compared to single kernel, multiple kernels are effective in learning the simultaneous presence of multiple properties.
Size-dependent response of foraminiferal calcification to seawater carbonate chemistry

Abstract. The response of the marine carbon cycle to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations will be determined, in part, by the relative response of calcifying and non-calcifying organisms to global change. Planktonic foraminifera are responsible for a quarter or more of global carbonate production, therefore understanding the sensitivity of calcification in these organisms to environmental change is critical. Despite this, there remains little consensus as to whether, or to what extent, chemical and physical factors affect foraminiferal calcification. To address this, we directly test the effect of multiple controls on calcification in culture experiments and core-top measurements of Globigerinoides ruber. We find that two factors, body size and the carbonate system, strongly influence calcification intensity in life, but that exposure to corrosive bottom waters can overprint this signal post mortem. Using a simple model for the addition of calcite through ontogeny, we show that variable body size between and within datasets could complicate studies that examine environmental controls on foraminiferal shell weight. In addition, we suggest that size could ultimately play a role in determining whether calcification will increase or decrease with acidification. Our models highlight that knowledge of the specific morphological and physiological mechanisms driving ontogenetic change in calcification in different species will be critical in predicting the response of foraminiferal calcification to future change in atmospheric pCO2.
Comparative Genomics of the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum1[w]

Diatoms are one of the most important constituents of phytoplankton communities in aquatic environments, but in spite of this, only recently have large-scale diatom-sequencing projects been undertaken. With the genome of the centric species Thalassiosira pseudonana available since mid-2004, accumulating sequence information for a pennate model species appears a natural subsequent aim. We have generated over 12,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and upon assembly into a nonredundant set, 5,108 sequences were obtained. Significant similarity (E < 1E-04) to entries in the GenBank nonredundant protein database, the COG profile database, and the Pfam protein domains database were detected, respectively, in 45.0%, 21.5%, and 37.1% of the nonredundant collection of sequences. This information was employed to functionally annotate the P. tricornutum nonredundant set and to create an internet-accessible queryable diatom EST database. The nonredundant collection was then compared to the putative complete proteomes of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, and the centric diatom T. pseudonana. A number of intriguing differences were identified between the pennate and the centric diatoms concerning activities of relevance for general cell metabolism, e.g. genes involved in carbon-concentrating mechanisms, cytosolic acetyl-Coenzyme A production, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate metabolism. Finally, codon usage and utilization of C and G relative to gene expression (as measured by EST redundance) were studied, and preferences for utilization of C and CpG doublets were noted among the P. tricornutum EST coding sequences.
A relaxed Tseitin transformation for weighted model counting

The task of Weighted Model Counting is to compute the sum of the weights of all satisfying assignments of a propositional sentence. One recent key insight is that, by allowing negative weights, one can restructure the sentence to obtain a representation that allows for more efficient counting. This has been shown for formulas representing Bayesian networks with noisy-OR structures (Vomlel and Savicky 2008; Li, Poupart, and van Beek 2011) and for first-order model counting (Van den Broeck, Meert, and Darwiche 2014). In this work, we introduce the relaxed Tseitin transformation and show that the aforementioned techniques are special cases of this relaxation.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SILIBININ LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES FOR PERORAL USE TARGETING LOWER PART OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate silibinin (SIL) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) in an attempt to increase its oral bioavailability and targeting the lower part of GI tract. Methods: Solvent emulsification-evaporation method with slight modification was used to prepare the SLNs, glyceryl monostearate (GMS), trimyristin (TM), tripalmitin (TP) and tristearin (TS) were investigated as solid lipid matrix. Tween 20 (T20), tween 80 (T80), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poloxamer 188 (P188), sodium cholate (SC) and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) were investigated as emulsifiers. The formulations were evaluated for entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size distribution and in-vitro release profile. Furthermore, the optimized formula (F2) was further investigated by TEM, FTIR and DSC studies. Results: All the prepared SLNs are within submicronal range and acceptable polydispersity index (PI). The EE of the prepared SLNs were from (64.67±4.51%) to (87.00±2.00%), GMS generally had lower EE than TGs, using P188 or PVA as coemulsifier resulted in SLNs with higher EE%. Invitro release profile show retardation follow the trend TS>TP>TM, and steric stabilizers retard the drug release more than ionic emulsifiers. FTIR and DSC studies were done for the final formula (F2) which contains TS as solid lipid matrix and T80 and P188 as emulsifier combination and it showed no drug – excipient incompatibility and suggests formation of an amorphous solid solution. Conclusion: It can be concluded that SIL could easily incorporated into SLN containing TS and P188 for oral use.
Land use change and nitrogen feedbacks constrain the trajectory of the land carbon sink

Our understanding of Earth's carbon climate system depends critically upon interactions between rising atmospheric CO2, changing land use, and nitrogen limitation on vegetation growth. Using a global land model, we show how these factors interact locally to generate the global land carbon sink over the past 200 years. Nitrogen constraints were alleviated by N2 fixation in the tropics and by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in extratropical regions. Nonlinear interactions between land use change and land carbon and nitrogen cycling originated from three major mechanisms: (i) a sink foregone that would have occurred without land use conversion; (ii) an accelerated response of secondary vegetation to CO2 and nitrogen, and (iii) a compounded clearance loss from deforestation. Over time, these nonlinear effects have become increasingly important and reduce the present‐day net carbon sink by ~40% or 0.4 PgC yr−1.
The use of enhanced depth information in telepresence

This thesis explored the potential performance benefits of enhancing depth cues in telepresence interfaces. A series of experiments addressed the role of binocular disparity and motion parallax in teleoperators’ performance. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that the effects of enhancing binocular disparity and motion parallax depend upon the information demands of a given task. Enhanced depth cues helped observers to make more precise judgements in simple tasks that rely on judgement of depth differences or relative distance (alignment and depth matching tasks). However, systematic biases in performance were identified in metric tasks that rely on recovery of Euclidean geometry (shape judgements). Experiments 3 and 4 showed that teleoperators can quickly train to use enhanced depth information to perform metric tasks accurately, thus extending the range of tasks over which enhanced information can be used. Experiment 5 examined whether observers acquire transferable information about depth when learning to make depth judgements using binocular disparity or motion parallax. Participants showed no transfer of learning when training with altered binocular disparities and testing using motion parallax, or vice versa, suggesting that the learning demonstrated in Experiments 3 and 4 is cue-specific. Experiment 6 examined the use of depth cues for performing a task more typical of those performed under telepresence. The benefits of binocular and motion parallax cues, used in isolation or simultaneously, and the effects of enhanced motion parallax, were examined in a simulated “telesurgery” task, where other useful cues such as familiar size and perspective were already available. Observers’ performance vastly improved when binocular disparity was added as a cue; motion parallax, however, failed to improve performance, even when observers were encouraged to use it as a cue. These findings strongly suggest that telepresence performance may benefit from enhancing the information relevant to the specific task the system is intended for; contrary to the traditional approach in the design of telepresence, exact replication of the remote environment may not be crucial.
Surveillance and Early Warning of West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Using Backyard Chickens and Correlation to Human Neuroinvasive Cases

In 2010, a West Nile virus (WNV) epidemic was reported in Central Macedonia, Northern Greece, with 197 neuroinvasive disease (WNND) cases in humans. The following 3 years, WNV spreads to new areas of Greece and human cases reoccurred during the transmission periods. After the initial outbreak, a WNV surveillance system using juvenile backyard chickens was established in Central Macedonia (after the 2011 outbreak) and Eastern Macedonia‐Thrace (after the 2012 outbreak). Sera were screened for the presence of antibodies against WNV using cELISA and serum neutralization test, to monitor the spread of WNV and to assess the correlation between the WNV point seroprevalence in chickens and the incidence rates of human WNND cases in the aforementioned areas. WNV seroprevalence in chickens was 10.4% (95% CI: 7–15) in Central Macedonia (2011) and 18.1% (95% CI: 14–23) in Eastern Macedonia‐Thrace (2012). Seroprevalence in chickens and incidence rates of human WNND cases in Eastern Macedonia‐Thrace were strongly positively correlated (ρ = 0.98, P = 0.005) at the regional unit level, with the incidence of WNND in humans increasing with increasing WNV point seroprevalence in chickens. In Central Macedonia, the correlation was weaker (ρ = 0.68, P = 0.20), apparently due to small number of reported human WNND cases. Another study was also conducted using juvenile backyard chickens in Central Macedonia, aiming to detect early WNV enzootic circulation, before the onset of human cases during 2011 and 2013. The first seroconverted chickens were detected about 1.5 months before the laboratory diagnosis of any human WNND cases in Central Macedonia, for both years. WNV surveillance, using juvenile backyard chickens, was reliable for the identification of areas with WNV enzootic and silent transmission, and for early warning. Timely diffusion of information to public health authorities facilitated the successful implementation of preparedness plans to protect public health.
An evaluation of the benefits and challenges of video consulting between general practitioners and residential aged care facilities

This research evaluated a project that provided video consultations between general practitioners (GPs) and residential aged care facilities (RACFs), with the aim of enabling faster access to medical care and avoidance of unnecessary hospital transfers. GPs were paid for video consultations at a rate equivalent to existing insurance reimbursement for supporting telehealth services. Evaluation data were gathered by direct observation at the project sites, semi-structured interviews and video call data from the technical network. Three pairs of general practices and RACFs were recruited to the project. 40 video consultations eligible for payment occurred over a 6 month period, three of which were judged to have avoided hospital attendance. The process development and change management aspects of the project required substantially more effort than was anticipated. This was due to problems with RACF technical infrastructure, the need for repeated training and awareness raising in RACFs, the challenge of establishing new clinical procedures, the short length of the project and broader difficulties in the relationships between GPs and RACFs. Video consulting between GPs and RACFs was clinically useful and avoided hospital attendance on a small scale, but further focus on process development is needed to embed this as a routine method of service delivery.
Using quantum mechanics to improve estimates of amino acid side chain rotamer energies

Amino acid side chains adopt a discrete set of favorable conformations typically referred to as rotamers. The relative energies of rotamers partially determine which side chain conformations are more often observed in protein structures and accurate estimates of these energies are important for predicting protein structure and designing new proteins. Protein modelers typically calculate side chain rotamer energies by using molecular mechanics (MM) potentials or by converting rotamer probabilities from the protein database (PDB) into relative free energies. One limitation of the knowledge‐based energies is that rotamer preferences observed in the PDB can reflect internal side chain energies as well as longer‐range interactions with the rest of the protein. Here, we test an alternative approach for calculating rotamer energies. We use three different quantum mechanics (QM) methods (second order Møller‐Plesset (MP2), density functional theory (DFT) energy calculation using the B3LYP functional, and Hartree‐Fock) to calculate the energy of amino acid rotamers in a dipeptide model system, and then use these pre‐calculated values in side chain placement simulations. Energies were calculated for over 36,000 different conformations of leucine, isoleucine, and valine dipeptides with backbone torsion angles from the helical and strand regions of the Ramachandran plot. In a subset of cases these energies differ significantly from those calculated with standard molecular mechanics potentials or those derived from PDB statistics. We find that in these cases the energies from the QM methods result in more accurate placement of amino acid side chains in structure prediction tests. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibiotic Usage Pattern in Poultry and Resistance Pattern of Human Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Droppings in Akure, Nigeria

Antibiotic resistant and foodborne pathogenic bacteria of poultry origin have become important and a threat to public health, this is as a result of the continual use of the antibiotics in poultry. This study therefore aimed to provides information on Antibiotic Usage and Resistance Pattern of Human Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Droppings in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Isolation, identification and characterization of bacterial isolates were carried out by standard microbiological method, surveillance on antibiotic usage in poultry was carried out by administering multiple choice structured questionnaires while disc diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility test. Samples of fresh poultry dropping were obtained from layers, broilers chicken in Akure, Nigeria. Bacterial pathogens isolated were mainly Enterobacteria , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus spp. , Bacillus spp. and Micrococcus luteus . Escherichia coli 77 (53.50%) is the most prevalent bacteria, most poultry farm employed more than one antibiotics, twenty-one (21) different antibiotic usage patterns was observed with Enrofloxacin, NCO, Chlortetracycline and Keproceryl being the most used antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance pattern based on the most used antibiotics in poultry revealed that resistance to tetracycline 89.36% was higher in the isolates from farms that used Chlortetracycline mostly and resistance to gentamicin 51.72%, cloxacillin 100%, and erythromycin 100% was higher in those isolates from farms that used Keproceryl mostly. Conclusively, the conventional use of antibiotics in poultry may have resulted to the antibiotic resistance pattern observed in human pathogenic bacterial isolates which can be acquired by man through the food chain.
The sorbin homology domain: A motif for the targeting of proteins to lipid rafts

On phosphorylation of Cbl, the c-Cbl-associated protein (CAP)/Cbl complex dissociates from the insulin receptor and translocates to a lipid raft membrane fraction to form a ternary complex with flotillin. Deletion analyses of the CAP gene identified a 115-aa region responsible for flotillin binding. This region is homologous to the peptide sorbin and is referred to as the sorbin homology (SoHo) domain. This domain is present in two other proteins, vinexin and ArgBP2. Vinexin also interacted with flotillin, and deletion of its SoHo domain similarly blocked flotillin binding. The overexpression of a CAP mutant in which the SoHo domain had been deleted (CAPΔSoHo) prevented the translocation of Cbl to lipid rafts and subsequently blocked the recruitment of CrkII and C3G. Moreover, overexpression of CAPΔSoHo prevented the stimulation of glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation by insulin. These results suggest a mechanism for localization of signaling proteins to the lipid raft that mediates the compartmentalization of crucial signal transduction pathways.
A Survey on Object detection and Object tracking in Videos

This paper presents survey on moving object detection and tracking methods is presented by classifying them into different categories and identify new trends. This survey shows moving object detection and tracking using different and efficient methodologies. Object detection and object tracking is used to track the object type(such as human, vehicles) and detect the movement of the object(such as moving, standing). This survey shows various methodologies for object detection and tracking such as background subtraction, background modeling, intensity range based background subtraction. The simulated result shows that used methodologies for effective object detection has better accuracy and with less processing time consumption rather than existing methods.
Étalonnage multidimensionnel : application aux données spectrales

Les methodes d’analyse spectrometrique sont rapides, necessitent peu de preparation des echantillons, et ont l’avantage d’etre applicables dans l’industrie. Cependant, elles sont tres souvent utilisees de maniere indirecte car leur etalonnage s’avere difficile ; les valeurs de reference etant tres souvent estimees sur la base d’un modele predictif. Cet article presente les methodes de regression pouvant repondre a ce probleme d’etalonnage. Il conduit ensuite les etapes de developpement d’une application analytique de spectrometrie, comprenant l’etalonnage, mais egalement la validation et le controle regulier de la chaine analytique.