Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Raising the topic of weight in general practice: perspectives of GPs and primary care nurses

Objective To explore general practitioners’ (GPs) and primary care nurses’ perceived barriers to raising the topic of weight in general practice. Design A qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). 34 semistructured interviews were conducted to explore views, opinions and experiences of initiating a discussion about weight. Content and thematic analyses were used to analyse the interview transcripts. Setting General practices located in one primary care trust in the South West of England. Participants 17 GPs and 17 nurses aged between 32 and 66 years. The modal age range for GPs was 30–39 years and for nurses, 40–49 years. Results Barriers were synthesised into three main themes: (1) limited understanding about obesity care, (2) concern about negative consequences, and (3) having time and resources to raise a sensitive topic. Most barriers were related to raising the topic in more routine settings, rather than when dealing with an associated medical condition. GPs were particularly worried about damaging their relationship with patients and emphasised the need to follow their patient's agenda. Conclusions Uncertainty about obesity, concerns about alienating patients and feeling unable to raise the topic within the constraints of a 10 min consultation, is adding to the reluctance of GPs and nurses to broach the topic of weight. Addressing these concerns through training or by providing evidence of effective interventions that are feasible to deliver within consultations may lead to greater practitioner engagement and willingness to raise the topic.
Crowd flow segmentation in compressed domain using CRF

Crowd flow segmentation is an important step in many video surveillance tasks. In this work, we propose an algorithm for segmenting flows in H.264 compressed videos in a completely unsupervised manner. Our algorithm works on motion vectors which can be obtained by partially decoding the compressed video without extracting any additional features. Our approach is based on modelling the motion vector field as a Conditional Random Field (CRF) and obtaining oriented motion segments by finding the optimal labelling which minimises the global energy of CRF. These oriented motion segments are recursively merged based on gradient across their boundaries to obtain the final flow segments. This work in compressed domain can be easily extended to pixel domain by substituting motion vectors with motion based features like optical flow. The proposed algorithm is experimentally evaluated on a standard crowd flow dataset and its superior performance in both accuracy and computational time are demonstrated through quantitative results.
Cover trees for nearest neighbor

We present a tree data structure for fast nearest neighbor operations in general n-point metric spaces (where the data set consists of n points). The data structure requires O(n) space regardless of the metric's structure yet maintains all performance properties of a navigating net (Krauthgamer & Lee, 2004b). If the point set has a bounded expansion constant c, which is a measure of the intrinsic dimensionality, as defined in (Karger & Ruhl, 2002), the cover tree data structure can be constructed in O (c6n log n) time. Furthermore, nearest neighbor queries require time only logarithmic in n, in particular O (c12 log n) time. Our experimental results show speedups over the brute force search varying between one and several orders of magnitude on natural machine learning datasets.
Performance And Bandwidth Analysis Of Holographic Solar Reflectors

Inexpensive manufacturing of holographic optical elements (HOE) in dichromated gelatin may be achieved by means of replication using a master hologram. Such manufacturing will render large format holograms useful for the collection and concentration of solar radiation provided they cover large bandwidth. This paper discusses holographic mirrors that exhibit a bandwidth in excess of 100 nm.
A generalization of mildly context-sensitive formalisms

In (Boullier 98), we presented range concatenation grammars (RCGs), a syntactic formalism which is a variant of literal movement grammars (LMGs), described in (Groenink 97), and which is also related to the framework of LFP developed by (Rounds 88) . In fact it may be considered to lie halfway between their respective string and integer versions; RCGs retain from the string version of LMGs or LFPs the notion of concatenation, applying it to ranges rather than strings, and from their integer version the ability to handle only (part of) the source text. The basis of RCGs is the notion of range, a couple of integers (i „ j} which denotes the occurrence of some substring ai+i .• a; in an input string a1 .•• an. Of course, only consecutive ranges can be concatenated into a new range 1• This formalism, which extends CFGs . , a1ms at being a convincing challenger as a syntactic base for various tasks, especially in natural language processing. We have shown that the positive version of RCGs, as simple LMGs or integer indexing LFPs, exactly covers the dass PTIME of languages recognizable in deterministic polynomial time. Since the composition Operations of RCGs are not restricted to be linear and non-erasing, its languages (RCLs) are not semi-linear. Therefore, RCGs are not mildly context-sensitive (Joshi, Vijay-Shanker, and Weir 9i) and are more powerful than linear context-free rewriting systems (LCFRS) (Vijay-
A FRAMEWORK FOR FULFILLING COMPLEX , STAKEHOLDER SPECIFIC INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS BY MINING MULTIPLE SOFTWARE REPOSITORIES

Recent studies have highlighted the importance of obtaining useful and up-to-date information about a software project to its stakeholders such as developer, testers, and project managers. Providing information about a software project, which is specific to a particular stakeholder, is a challenging task. This is mainly because historical data about software projects is scattered across multiple repositories such as version control systems, bug tracking systems, and email archives. Therefore, obtaining required information is cumbersome. To tackle this problem, we propose a semi-automated approach for analyzing software projects; hence it allows providing useful and timely information to the stakeholders. This paper presents two main contributions to the software engineering community. Firstly, it consists of a comprehensive study to categorize the questions asked by software practitioners based on the task complexity, stakeholder type, and task category. We believe that, this classification could be used as a software analysis handbook for the practitioners. Secondly, our proposed approach suggests a flexible model to answer the questions and validate the accuracy of the responses. The model has been evaluated with a set of experiments; in which we obtained encouraging results.
Evolutionary Solo Pong players

An Internet Java Applet http://www.cs. essex.ac. uk/staff/poli/SoloPong/ allows users anywhere to play the Solo Pong game. We compare people's performance to a hand coded "optimal" player and programs automatically produced by computational intelligence. The computational intelligence techniques are: genetic programming, including a hybrid of GP and a human designed algorithm, and a particle swarm optimiser. The computational intelligence approaches are not fine tuned. GP and PSO find good players. Evolutionary computation (EC) is able to beat both human designed code and human players.
Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in Estonian adults

Background: Although Eastern Europe, including Estonia, has one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates associated with hypertension, there is little information in the literature concerning the biochemical risk factor profile or its association with hypertension in Estonia. This study examined the cross-sectional gender-stratified association between biochemical risk markers and hypertension in a population-based sample of adults in Estonia. Methods: The study was carried out in Tallinn, Estonia and consisted of 511 men and 600 women with a mean age of 46 years. Physiological measurements were taken and blood samples drawn to measure the following markers: cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-1 and B, lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, glucose, fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and homocysteine. Results: Overall, 36% of participants had hypertension, with approximately 80% being aware of their condition. A total of 40% of participants reported taking antihypertensive medication. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increases in age, body mass index, apolipoprotein B, triglyceride and homocysteine levels were associated with an increased probability of hypertension. Conclusions: Elevations in biochemical markers and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with hypertension. Increasing body mass index, triglyceride, apolipoprotein B and homocysteine levels with decreasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level should be investigated and monitored in Estonian adults.
Orientation tracking for humans and robots using inertial sensors

Joint angle determination for robots with flexible links can be difficult. Inertial orientation tracking combined with RF positioning provides an accurate method for determining end effector orientation and location. The same technology could also be used to determine human posture for the purpose of inserting humans in synthetic environments. Orientation filters based upon Euler angles suffer from singularities. This paper describes the design, implementation, and preliminary testing of an inertial tracking system using a "complementary" filter based upon quaternions. This filter is capable of tracking a rigid body through all orientations and is more efficient than those based on Euler angles. Results of qualitative tests of a prototype inertial angle tracking device are presented.
Isoalantolactone Enhances the Radiosensitivity of UMSCC-10A Cells via Specific Inhibition of Erk1/2 Phosphorylation

Background Although radiotherapy is one of the mainstream approaches for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), this cancer is always associated with resistance to radiation. In this study, the mechanism of action of isoalantolactone as well as its radiosensitizing effect was investigated in UMSCC-10A cells. Methods The radiosensitization of UMSCC-10A cells treated with isoalantolactone was analyzed by colony formation assay. The radiosensitization effects of isoalantolactone on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis regulation were examined by BrdU incorporation assay, DNA content assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blotting was performed to determine the effects of isoalantolactone combined with radiation on the protein expression of Mek, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2) as well as phosphorylated Mek and Erk1/2. Erk1/2 knockdown by siRNA was used to confirm that isoalantolactone specifically inhibited the activation of Erk1/2 signaling pathway in UMSCC-10A cells. Results Isoalantolactone enhanced the radiosensitivity of UMSCC-10A cells; the sensitivity enhanced ratios (SERs) were 1.44 and 1.63, respectively, for 2.5 and 5 μM. Moreover, isoalantolactone enhanced radiation-induced cell proliferation and apoptosis and cell cycle arrested at G2/M phase. Furthermore, no marked changes were observed in the expression of total Erk1/2 and Mek protein after radiation treatment. However, isoalantolactone was significantly reduced radiation-induced the phosphorylation of Erk1/2, whereas it altered the phosphorylation of Mek to a lesser extent. In addition, the radiosensitivity of UMSCC-10A cells with Erk1/2 knockdown was increased. Isoalantolactone cannot further prevent the proliferation of UMSCC-10A cells with Erk1/2 knockdown which other mechanism regulated cell proliferation. Conclusion Our results suggested that isoalantolactone enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrested and reduced the cell proliferation of UMSCC-10A cells via specifically inhibited the phosphorylation of Erk1/2. Thus a low concentration of isoalantolactone may be used to overcome the resistance of UMSCC-10A cells to radiation and may be a promising radiosensitizer in cancer therapy.
Effects of Positive End‐Expiratory Pressure on Cardiac Output Distribution in the Pig

Cardiac output (CO) and the blood flow to the heart, cerebellum, kidney, pancreas, spleen and skeletal muscle were studied in 20 pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (Ippv) with a positive end‐expiratory pressure (Peep) of 0, 8, 16 or 24 cmH2O. Microspheres (15 μm) labelled with either 85‐Sr or 141‐Ce were used. Injection of microspheres labelled with one of the isotopes was given during SB (all pigs) and with the other isotope during Ippv with Peep of 0, 8, 16 or 24 cmH2O (five pigs at each level). CO decreased by 11% during Ippv with Peep of 0 and 31%, 53% and 66% during Peep of 8, 16 or 24 cmH2O, respectively. Mean arterial blood pressure was fairly well maintained in all groups except the group with Peep of 24 cmH2O. The perfusion of the six organs deteriorated, but when taken as fractions of CO measured at the same time, the blood flow to the heart, cerebellum and kidney increased with increasing airway pressure, while that to the pancreas, spleen and skeletal muscle decreased. The vascular resistance of the three former organs did not change, while in the latter it increased markedly. It is concluded that when CO decreases as a result of positive pressure ventilation, a redistribution takes place, mainly due to vascular constriction in skeletal muscle, which acts to preserve the blood flow to vital organs.
PROTOTIP GROUND ENHANCEMENT MATERIAL (GEM) BERBAHAN BAKU Na-BENTONIT KARANGNUNGGAL - TASIKMALAYA SEBAGAI BAHAN SUBSTITUSI GEM IMPOR

ABSTRACT GEM is one of the composite material which is used as backfill to protect the electronic equipments, communication network and to stem the voltage of the electrical power problem. GEM has been commonly used in Indonesia, but it is still imported. Therefore it is important to look for substitution minerals. The main compositions of GEM are silica (Si), Aluminium (Al) and carbon (C ). Therefore, this research focus on the aluminofilosilicate minerals (bentonite, from Karangnunggal, Tasikmalaya), and charcoal. Laboratory experimentations include characterizations of raw materials, mineral engineering, and developing formulation and prototype of GEM. The result of this characterizations show that Na-bentonite is the most potential material for GEM raw materials (resistivity 514 Ohm cm). Mineral engineering is used to obtain the GEM formula and prototype in powder form with composition of 70% Na-bentonite, 24% charcoal, and 6% NaCl. However, practically it is necessary to add 5% water glass and 36% moisture content into the powder in order to obtain the resistivity of 16.4 Ohm cm. This study results in GEM which is qualified for the grounding materials standard (resistivity < 25 Ohm cm).
RETRy: IntegRating RidEsharing with Existing Trip PlanneRs

Ridesharing services are getting a lot of attention in the recent years as they are beneficial for both travelers and drivers, and friendly to the environment. The problem is that these services are isolated from existing public transportation networks. They are proposed as alternative plans and not as part of a trip plan. Integrating these services may vastly improve the trips quality and serve as a backup plan in case delays or unexpected events happen. The main challenge facing the integration is limiting the search space and coping with the specific characteristics of ridesharing. This paper introduces RETRy, a system that enables the integration of ridesharing services with existing trip planners to provide real multi-modal trip planning solutions in near-real time.
Day-to-day variability in intraocular pressure in glaucoma and ocular hypertension

Aims To investigate the day-to-day repeatability of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements. Methods A prospective cohort study of untreated patients presenting with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension presenting with IOP>21 mm Hg. IOP was measured by masked Goldmann tonometry at 08:00, 11:00 and 16:00 at each of the three weekly visits. After starting travaprost (0.004%) to both eyes, the measurements were repeated for a further three weekly visits. Day-to-day repeatability was estimated before and after commencing medication and reported as the coefficient of repeatability and coefficient of variability. Results At the 8:00 time point, mean IOPs were 26.1 and 17.9 mm Hg in the eye with higher pressure before and after starting treatment, respectively. Coefficient of repeatability and coefficient of variability were 6.8 mm Hg and 10.0%, respectively, before treatment, and 4.6 mm Hg and 10.5% on treatment. Therefore, before treatment and after starting medication the IOP lay within a range of ±20% of the mean IOP with 95% confidence. Conclusions The non-therapeutic variability from day to day significantly undermines the precision of IOP estimation and of the estimation of medication effectiveness even when the time of day is standardised in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma/ocular hypertension.
Quantum chemistry based quantitative structure‐activity relationships for modeling the (sub)acute toxicity of substituted mononitrobenzenes in aquatic systems

Fifteen experimental literature data sets on the acute toxicity of substituted nitrobenzenes to algae (Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, C. vulgaris), daphnids (Daphnia magna, D. carinata), fish (Cyprinus carpio, Poecilia reticulata), protozoa (Tetrahymena pyriformis), bacteria (Phosphobacterium phosphoreum), and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were used to establish quantum chemistry based quantitative structure‐activity relationships (QSARs). The logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient, log Kow, and the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, Elumo, were used as descriptors. Suitable QSAR models (0.65 < r2 < 0.98) to predict acute toxicity of substituted mononitrobenzenes to protozoa, fish, daphnids, yeast, and algae have been derived. The log Kow was a sufficient descriptor for all cases, with the additional Elumo descriptor being required only for algae. The QSARs were found to be valid for neutral substituted mononitrobenzenes with no ‐OH, ‐COOH, or ‐CN substituents attached directly to the ring. From the 100,196 European Inventory of Existing Commercial Substances (EINECS), 497 chemicals were identified that fit the selection criteria for the established QSARs. Based on these results, an advisory tool has been developed that directs users to the appropriate QSAR model to apply for various types of organisms within specified log Kow ranges. Using this tool, it is possible to obtain a good indication of the toxicity of a large set of EINECS chemicals and newly developed substituted mononitrobenzenes to five different organisms without the need for additional experimental testing.
A dual participation of ZAP‐70 and scr protein tyrosine kinases is required for TCR‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Sam68 in Jurkat T cells

Sam68 has been initially described as a substrate of src kinases during mitosis in fibroblasts. Recent evidence suggests that in T lymphocytes Sam68 may act as an adaptor protein and participate in the early biochemical cascade triggered after CD3 stimulation. A direct interaction between Sam68 and the two src kinases involved in T cell activation, p59fyn and p56lck, as well as a partnership of Sam68 with various key downstream signaling molecules, like phospholipase Cγ‐1 and Grb2, has been shown. In this study we analyze the contribution of p56lck, as well as the role of ZAP‐70, the second class of protein tyrosine kinase involved in T cell activation, in Sam68 tyrosine phosphorylation in the human Jurkat T cell line. Using the src inhibitor PP1 [4‐amino‐5‐(4‐methylphenyl)7‐(t‐butyl) pyrazolo [3,4‐d] pyrymidine] and cell variants with defective expression of p56lck or expressing a dominant negative form of ZAP‐70, we demonstrate that, while both p56lck and ZAP‐70 are dispensable for the low constitutive phosphorylation of Sam68 observed in Jurkat cells, a cooperation between the two kinases is required to increase its rapid phosphorylation observed in vivo after CD3 stimulation. We also show that recombinant forms of both p56lck and ZAP‐70 phosphorylate Sam68 in vitro. However, using CD2 stimulated cells, we observe that p56lck activation by itself does not induce Sam68 tyrosine phosphorylation. We conclude that p59lck and p56lck differently participate in regulating the phosphorylation state of Sam68 in T cells and that ZAP‐70 may contribute to Sam68 tyrosine phosphorylation and to the specific recruitment of this molecule after CD3 stimulation.
Cheap Deforestation in Practice: An Optimizer for Haskell

We present a simple, automatic transformation — the foldr/build transformation — which successfully removes many intermediate lists from programs written in non-strict functional programming languages. While the idea is simple and elegant, it turns out that some care is needed in the compiler to set up the right conditions for the foldr/build transformation to be applicable. We report on this practical experience, and present results which quantify the benefits that can in practice be achieved.
Local Beam Search Algorithm for Power Saving in Clustered Ad-Hoc Networks

An ad-Hoc network is an infrastructures network consisting of mobile moving nodes. Every node in network performs as a router or a package forwarder. Energy consumption of network interfaces can be significant. There is a relationship between the transmission power and the distance traveled by a packet, increasing the transmission power increases the reachable area at the cost of high power consumption. Reducing the transmission power reduces the number of nodes reached but consumes less energy. We propose the use of searching algorithms (local beam search) to organize the nodes of a single cluster in a tree, in a manner that all the nodes are distributed in levels given a determined distance to each other. All the communication was done by levels. Substituting in that long distance communication by a multihop communication. Reducing in the power consumption for each communication. Results showed that power remaining at the destination node inversely related to the distance between the two communicating nodes. Power increased at the destination node if the distance between the two communicating nodes decreased.
State-based model checking of event-driven system requirements

It is demonstrated how model checking can be used to verify safety properties for event-driven systems. SCR tabular requirements describe required system behavior in a format that is intuitive, easy to read, and scalable to large systems (e.g. the software requirements for the A-7 military aircraft). Model checking of temporal logics has been established as a sound technique for verifying properties of hardware systems. An automated technique for formalizing the semiformal SCR requirements and for transforming the resultant formal specification onto a finite structure that a model checker can analyze has been developed. This technique was effective in uncovering violations of system invariants in both an automobile cruise control system and a water-level monitoring system. >