Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laser Sub-Micron Patterning of Rough Surfaces by Micro-Particle Lens Arrays

Laser surface patterning by Contact Particles Lens Arrays (CPLA) has been widely utilized for patterning of smooth surfaces but there is no technique developed by which CPLA can be deposited on a rough surface. For deposition of CPLA, conventional techniques require the surface to be flat, smooth and hydrophilic. In this study, a new method for the deposition of CPLA on a rough surface is proposed and utilized for patterning. In this method, a hexagonal closed pack monolayer of SiO2 spheres was first formed by self-assembly on a flat glass surface. The formed monolayer of particles was picked up by a flexible sticky surface and then placed on the rough surface to be patterned. A Nd:YVO4 laser was used to irradiate the substrate with the laser passing through the sticky plastic and the particles. Experimental investigations have been carried out to determine the properties of the patterns.
Modularity-based model selection for kernel spectral clustering

A proper way of choosing the tuning parameters in a kernel model has a fundamental importance in determining the success of the model for a particular task. This paper is related to model selection in the framework of community detection on weighted and unweighted networks by means of a kernel spectral clustering model. Here we propose a new method based on Modularity (a popular measure of community structure in a network) which can deal with quite general situations (i.e. overlapping communities with different sizes). Thus we use Modularity criterion for model selection and not at the training level, which is the case of all the clustering algorithms proposed so far in the literature.
Hybrid Simulation: Combining Constraints and Impulses

Impulse based simulation has been shown to be a use ful paradigm for rigid body simulation espe cially for systems which are collision intensive or un dergo many changes in contact con guration In this paper we brie y describe the simulator Impulse and re port some recent results in the domain of part feeding Since the impulse and constraint based approaches work best for orthogonal situations it is advantageous to use both methods simultaneously After describing the range of impulse to constraint based contact interac tion we examine how the impulsive collision resolution may be extended to constrained systems We also dis cuss some important open problems related to developing an e cient simulator that uses both contact interaction paradigms
Relationship of Leptin with Glucose, BMI, Age, Insulin and Breast Cancer Biomarkers

Breast cancer is frequently observed throughout the world as the second cause of cancer-related death in women [1,2]. Young women with higher body mass index (BMI) may have a greater risk of breast cancer [3-11]. In addition, obese individuals have a greater risk of diabetes also [4-9]. Again, they have unusually high leptin levels, as for some of them, the brain does not respond to leptin, so they keep eating despite excessive fat stores, which is known as leptin resistance. Naturally, the following queries arise for scientific investigation. What is the relation of leptin with BMI, age, glucose, insulin and breast cancer biomarkers? What are the associations of leptin with these factors? What are the roles of leptin on these factors? The present note examines these queries based on real data set.
Use of the Coaxial-Core Profile in the Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier for Self-Regulation of Gain Spectrum

Coaxial-core erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA’s) having a property of self-regulated gain spectrum are developed. The operation of a coaxial-core EDFA is based on the partial separation of the light paths for different wavelength channels in the directionally-coupled waveguides of a coaxial-core geometry. The degree of channel equalization depends on the geometrical and optical parameters of the coaxial-core EDFA and on relative channel power levels. A numerical analysis based on the coupled-mode theory and on the rate equation shows that, under fully optimized conditions, a coaxial-core EDFA provides equalization rates in excess of −0.4 dB per dB of input-power imbalance in the case with two WDM channels. A cascade experiment demonstrates the effect of coaxial-core EDFA’s toward channel-power equalization in fiber links with a small number of WDM channels. key words: coaxial-core erbium-doped bre ampli ers, EDFA
The solar chromosphere at high resolution with IBIS - III. Comparison of Ca II K and Ca II 854.2 nm imaging

Aims. Filtergrams obtained in Ca II H, Ca II K, and H α are often employed as diagnostics of the solar chromosphere. The vastly disparate appearance between the typical filtergrams in these different lines calls into question the nature of what is actually being observed. We investigate the lack of obvious structures of magnetic origin such as fibrils and mottles in on-disk Ca II H and K images. Methods. We directly compare a temporal sequence of classical Ca II K filtergrams with a co-spatial and co-temporal sequence of spectrally resolved Ca II 854.2 images obtained with the Interferometric Bidimensional Spectrometer (IBIS), considering the effect of both the spectral and spatial smearing. We analyze the temporal behavior of the two series by means of Fourier analysis. Results. The lack of fine magnetic structuring in Ca II K filtergrams, even with the narrowest available filters, is due to observational effects, primarily contributions from the bright, photospheric wings of the line that swamp the small and dark chromospheric structures. Signatures of fibrils remain, however, in the temporal evolution of the filtergrams, in particular with the evidence of magnetic shadows around the network elements. The Ca II K filtergrams do not appear, however, to properly reflect the high-frequency behavior of the chromosphere. Using the same analysis, we find no significant chromospheric signature in the Hinode /SOT Ca II H quiet-Sun filtergrams. Conclusions. The picture provided by H α and Ca II 854.2, which show significant portions of the chromosphere dominated by magnetic structuring, appears to reflect the true and essential nature of the solar chromosphere. Data that do not resolve this aspect, whether spatially or spectrally, may misrepresent the behavior the chromosphere.
GMM-based audio codec detection with application in forensics

Reliable detection of previous compression in audio is a sensible subject of interest for both forensic analysts and audiophiles. The former use could lead for audio authentication, while the latter may be able to detect simulated high quality of audio. Two state-of-the-art machine learning solutions, Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) with Universal Background Model and Gaussian Super-Vectors with Support Vector Machines (GSV-SVM), were used to learn distinctive feature statistics and decide upon which codec was used. The method we propose seeks to detect traces of most widely used audio codecs, from landline or mobile telephone recordings, to more general compression currently used in most portable recorders. A frequency range of 0 to 4 kHz was targeted in our investigation, although our approach can be readily applied at higher frequencies.
Noise reduction by coupling of stochastic processes and canalization in biology

Randomness is an unavoidable feature of the intracellular environment due to chemical reactants being present in low copy number. That phenomenon, predicted by Delbr\"uck long ago \cite{delbruck40}, has been detected in both prokaryotic \cite{elowitz02,cai06} and eukaryotic \cite{blake03} cells after the development of the fluorescence techniques. On the other hand, developing organisms, e.g. {\em D. melanogaster}, exhibit strikingly precise spatio-temporal patterns of protein/mRNA concentrations \cite{gregor07b,manu09a,manu09b,boettiger09}. Those two characteristics of living organisms are in apparent contradiction: the precise patterns of protein concentrations are the result of multiple mutually interacting random chemical reactions. The main question is to establish biochemical mechanisms for coupling random reactions so that canalization, or fluctuations reduction instead of amplification, takes place. Here we explore a model for coupling two stochastic processes where the noise of the combined process can be smaller than that of the isolated ones. Such a canalization occurs if, and only if, there is negative covariance between the random variables of the model. Our results are obtained in the framework of a master equation for a negatively self-regulated -- or externally regulated -- binary gene and show that the precise control due to negative self regulation \cite{becskei00} is because it may generate negative covariance. Our results suggest that negative covariance, in the coupling of random chemical reactions, is a theoretical mechanism underlying the precision of developmental processes.
Grasp planning by human experience on a variety of objects with complex geometry

We present an effective method of identifying the graspable components of a variety of complex objects for grasp planning based on human experience. Instead of focusing on individual objects, our method identifies graspable components on the category level under the assumption that geometrically alike objects share similar graspable components. Employing a modified SHOT descriptor, we propose a fast KNN-based method for object categorization. Then the graspable components are identified by adopting a learning framework based on human experience. Finally, a fast grasp planning method comprised of contact points exaction and hand kinematics calculation accomplishes the grasp on the identified graspable component. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this method by realizing grasps on the graspable components of human choice for a variety of unseen objects.
Printing Three-Dimensional Electrical Traces in Additive Manufactured Parts for Injection of Low Melting Temperature Metals

While techniques exist for the rapid prototyping of mechanical and electrical components separately, this paper describes a method where commercial additive manufacturing (AM) techniques can be used to concurrently construct the mechanical structure and electronic circuits in a robotic or mechatronic system. The technique involves printing hollow channels within 3D printed parts that are then filled with a low melting point liquid metal alloy that solidifies to form electrical traces. This method is compatible with most conventional fused deposition modeling and stereolithography (SLA) machines and requires no modification to an existing printer, though the technique could easily be incorporated into multimaterial machines. Three primary considerations are explored using a commercial fused deposition manufacturing (FDM) process as a testbed: material and manufacturing process parameters, simplified injection fluid mechanics, and automatic part generation using standard printed circuit board (PCB) software tools. Example parts demonstrate the ability to embed circuits into a 3D printed structure and populate the surface with discrete electronic components. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4029435]
The Prosody of Simple Sentences in theSpanish of Barcelona, a Spanish-Catalan Bilingual Context

The AMPER Project, overseen by the Centre de dialectologie at the Universite StendhalGrenoble 3 (France) since the 1990s, seeks to collect and describe prosodic samples of Romance languages for the elaboration of a large-scale multimedia atlas (Contini 2005). In Catalonia, the development of the project for the two official languages, Spanish and Catalan, is known as AMPERCAT under the direction of E. Martinez Celdran. Within this framework, the present paper examines a number of simple sentences produced by a 35-year-old female informant, whose first language is Spanish but who shows noticeable influence of Catalan being born in Barcelona, a Catalan-Spanish bilingual area. The analyses performed on the corpus of 81 sentences focused on F0, duration, and intensity. As for F0, a similar intonation contour to that of the Catalan of Barcelona has been observed for declarative sentences and interrogatives with and without the unstressed conjunction que in sentenceinitial position. Even if the latter type of interrogative is not to be found in the descriptions of Spanish intonation, it is commonly observed in Spanish speakers residing in Catalonia, as a result of the influence of Catalan intonation contours, which combine both types of interrogatives (? La guitarra se toca con paciencia? ‘Is the guitar played with patience? ’ versus ? Que se toca con paciencia la guitarra? ‘That is played with patience the guitar? ’). Concerning duration, the findings of this study show a lengthening of the final vowel in all sentence types, which is in line with the literature on Spanish, Catalan, and other languages (Lindblom 1968). Finally, intensity diminishes in the last vowel in these sentences, though not at significant rates. Examination of the phonetic results reported above from the perspective of AutosegmentalMetrical Theory reveals a fall in the intonation curve at the end of declaratives (L% or L*% according to the type of final pitch accent in sentences), a prominent peak at the beginning of the predicate of interrogatives without que (L*+H; H+L* or L+H*+L according to the type of pitch accent) and L*+H% in sentences ending in paroxytone or proparoxytone words, or H*% in sentences ending in oxytone words. Finally, interrogatives with que are characterized by L* at the end of the predicate. As a general conclusion, the passive knowledge of the prosody of any non-native contact language, in this case Catalan, appears to exert a strong influence in modifying or determining the prosody of the speaker’s mother tongue, here Spanish. This is shown by the consideration of Spanish interrogatives formed by inserting initial unstressed que – hence closely resembling Catalan interrogatives – as widely accepted “standard” interrogative sentences.
New vulnerabilities in RSA

Let N = pq be the product of two large unknown primes of equal bit-size. Wiener’s famous attack on RSA shows that using a public key (N, e) satisfying ed− k(N + 1− (p+ q)) = 1 with d < 1 3 N makes RSA completely insecure. The number of such weak keys can be estimated as N 1 4−ε. In this paper, we present a generalization of Wiener’s attack. We study two new classes of exponents satisfying an equation eX − ( N − ( up± q u )) Y = Z, where X, Y are suitably small integers, u is an integer with |u| < 1 2 q and Z is a small rational. Using a combination of the continued fraction algorithm and Coppersmith’s lattice based technique for solving polynomial equations, we show that every exponent e in these classes yields the factorization of N . Moreover, we show that the number of such exponents is at least N 3 4−ε where ε > 0 is arbitrarily small for large N when p and q satisfy |p− q| = Ω (√ N ) .
Human CD34+ CD133+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells Cultured with Growth Factors Including Angptl5 Efficiently Engraft Adult NOD-SCID Il2rγ−/− (NSG) Mice

Increasing demand for human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in clinical and research applications necessitates expansion of HSCs in vitro. Before these cells can be used they must be carefully evaluated to assess their stem cell activity. Here, we expanded cord blood CD34+ CD133+ cells in a defined medium containing angiopoietin like 5 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 and evaluated the cells for stem cell activity in NOD-SCID Il2rg−/− (NSG) mice by multi-lineage engraftment, long term reconstitution, limiting dilution and serial reconstitution. The phenotype of expanded cells was characterized by flow cytometry during the course of expansion and following engraftment in mice. We show that the SCID repopulating activity resides in the CD34+ CD133+ fraction of expanded cells and that CD34+ CD133+ cell number correlates with SCID repopulating activity before and after culture. The expanded cells mediate long-term hematopoiesis and serial reconstitution in NSG mice. Furthermore, they efficiently reconstitute not only neonate but also adult NSG recipients, generating human blood cell populations similar to those reported in mice reconstituted with uncultured human HSCs. These findings suggest an expansion of long term HSCs in our culture and show that expression of CD34 and CD133 serves as a marker for HSC activity in human cord blood cell cultures. The ability to expand human HSCs in vitro should facilitate clinical use of HSCs and large-scale construction of humanized mice from the same donor for research applications.
Allorecognition by T Lymphocytes and Allograft Rejection

Recognition of donor antigens by recipient T cells in secondary lymphoid organs initiates the adaptive inflammatory immune response leading to the rejection of allogeneic transplants. Allospecific T cells become activated through interaction of their T cell receptors with intact allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on donor cells (direct pathway) and/or donor peptides presented by self-MHC molecules on recipient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) (indirect pathway). In addition, recent studies show that alloreactive T cells can also be stimulated through recognition of allogeneic MHC molecules displayed on recipient APCs (MHC cross-dressing) after their transfer via cell–cell contact or through extracellular vesicles (semi-direct pathway). The specific allorecognition pathway used by T cells is dictated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors to the allograft and can influence the nature and magnitude of the alloresponse and rejection process. Consequently, various organs and tissues such as skin, cornea, and solid organ transplants are recognized differently by pro-inflammatory T cells through these distinct pathways, which may explain why these grafts are rejected in a different fashion. On the other hand, the mechanisms by which anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs) recognize alloantigen and promote transplantation tolerance are still unclear. It is likely that thymic Tregs are activated through indirect allorecognition, while peripheral Tregs recognize alloantigens in a direct fashion. As we gain insights into the mechanisms underlying allorecognition by pro-inflammatory and Treg cells, novel strategies are being designed to prevent allograft rejection in the absence of ongoing immunosuppressive drug treatment in patients.
Bio-energy in the black

At best, common renewable energy strategies can only offset fossil fuel emissions of CO2 – they cannot reverse climate change. One promising approach to lowering CO2 in the atmosphere while producing energy is biochar bio-energy, based on low-temperature pyrolysis. This technology relies on capturing the off-gases from thermal decomposition of wood or grasses to produce heat, electricity, or biofuels. Biochar is a major by-product of this pyrolysis, and has remarkable environmental properties. In soil, biochar was shown to persist longer and to retain cations better than other forms of soil organic matter. The precise half-life of biochar is still disputed, however, and this will have important implications for the value of the technology, particularly in carbon trading. Furthermore, the cation retention of fresh biochar is relatively low compared to aged biochar in soil, and it is not clear under what conditions, and over what period of time, biochar develops its adsorbing properties. Research is still n.
Recognizing & interpreting Indian Sign Language gesture for Human Robot Interaction

This paper describes a novel approach towards recognizing of Indian Sign Language (ISL) gestures for Humanoid Robot Interaction (HRI). An extensive approach is being introduced for classification of ISL gesture which imparts an elegant way of interaction between humanoid robot HOAP-2 and human being. ISL gestures are being considered as a communicating agent for humanoid robot which is being used in this context explicitly. It involves different image processing techniques followed by a generic algorithm for feature extraction process. The classification technique deals with the Euclidean distance metric. The concrete HRI system has been established for initiation based learning mechanism. The Real time robotics simulation software, WEBOTS has been adopted to simulate the classified ISL gestures on HOAP-2 robot. The JAVA based software has been developed to deal with the entire HRI process.
Software framework for vehicle routing problem with hybrid metaheuristic algorithms

The objective of vehicle routing problem (VRP) is to design a set of vehicle routes in which a fixed fleet of delivery vehicles from one or several depots to a number of customers have to be set with some constraints. To this date in the literature, many instances of VRP model have been introduced and applied for various types of scheduling problems. However, when implemented in a real life application, the VRP models proved to be very complex and time consuming, especially in the development phase. It is due to the fact that there are technical hurdles to overcome such as the steep learning curve, the diversity and complexity of the algorithms. This paper presents a generalize software framework for an effective development of VRP models. The software framework presented here is hybridized algorithm of two metaheuristics namely as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The hybrid algorithm is used to optimize the best route for the vehicles that also incorporates a mechanism to trigger swarm condition for PSO algorithm. In order to test the functionality of the software framework, the applications of Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows (PDPTW) and Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) are developed based on the software framework. Experiments have been carried out by running the hybrid PSO with the VRPTW and PDPTW benchmark data set. The results indicate that the algorithm is able to produce significant improvement mostly to the PDPTW.
Effect of High-Fat Diet on Colon Carcinogenesis in F 344 Rats Treated with 1 , 2-Dimethylhydrazine , Methylazoxymethanol Acetate , or Methylnitrosourea 1

Male inbred F344 weanbing rats were fed semipunified diets containing 20 or 5% beef fat. At 7 weeks of age, all animals except controls were given 1,2-dimethylhydrazine [DMH (150 mg/kg body weight s.c.; one dose)], methyl azoxymethanol acetate [MAM acetate (35 mg/kg body weight i.p.; one dose)], or methylnitrosourea (2.5 mg/rat/ week intrarectally; two doses), and autopsied 35 weeks later. No major differences were observed in the frequency (number of rats with tumor) of DMHor MAM acetate inducedduodenal,earduct,and kidneytumors between the rats fed diets containing 20 on 5% fat. However, the animalsfedthe dietcontaining20% fatand treatedwith DMH, MAM acetate, or methylnitrosourea had a higher fre quency of colon tumors (number of rats with colon tumors) than did thosefed a dietcontaining5% fatand treated similarly. Dietary fat at the 20% level was associated with an increased incidence of MAM acetateor methylnitrosourea induced colon tumors (number of tumors per tumor-bear ing rat), whereas in rats treated with DMH the diet contain ing 20% fat had slight although not statistically significant influence on the incidence of adenomas and adenocar cinomas in the colon.
Discourse Analysis of Sanskrit texts

The last decade has seen rigorous activities in the field of Sanskrit computational linguistics pertaining to word level and sentence level analysis. In this paper we point out the need of special treatment for Sanskrit at discourse level owing to specific trends in Sanskrit in the production of its literature ranging over two millennia. We present a tagset for inter-sentential analysis followed by a brief account of discourse level relations accounting the sub-topic and topic level analysis, as discussed in the Indian literature illustrating an application of these to a text in the domain of vyākaran. a (grammar).