Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bonding Performance of Universal Adhesives to Eroded Dentin.

PURPOSE To evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and nanoleakage (NL) of several universal adhesives to eroded dentin (ED), using etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE) strategies, and to characterize the surface using two pH cycling models to erode dentin (citric acid and a soft drink). MATERIALS AND METHODS Molars were eroded either by soft-drink or citric acid cycling, or were left untreated as control (SD). For each surface, the following adhesives were applied: 1. All-Bond Universal; 2. Ambar Universal; 3. Clearfil Universal; 4. Futurabond U; 5. One Coat 7 Universal; 6. Peak Universal Bond; 7. Prime&Bond Elect; 8. Scotchbond Universal; 9. Tetric n-bond Universal, and 10. Xeno Select. After application of the composite, specimens were sectioned into composite-dentin sticks and tested under tension (0.5 mm/min). Selected sticks from each tooth were used to assess NL. The occlusal dentin surfaces after erosive cycling were examined using SEM. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (a = 0.05). RESULTS In ED, there was no difference in μTBS and NL between ER and SE strategies (p > 0.61). Most μTBS and NL values obtained for ED were, respectively, lower and higher than those for SD (p < 0.01), being worse for citric acid ED (p < 0.001). Citric-acid-eroded dentin showed more enlarged tubules, with partial loss of peritubular dentin when compared to soft-drink eroded dentin. CONCLUSION The different pH cycling models reduced μTBS and increased NL of the composite/eroded-dentin interface; however, in ED, the performance of the universal adhesives did not depend on the adhesive strategy used.
Preliminary Study of a Non-thermal Plasma for the Degradation of the Paracetamol Residue in Water

This paper deals with the challenging research topic of the use of low-temperature plasmas at atmospheric pressure for the treatment of pharmaceutical residues in water. The low-temperature plasmas were generated in a multiple needle-to-plate reactor. Using ICCD imaging and electrical measurement, two distinct discharge regimes were identified. Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) measurements evidenced the OH production and enabled determination of the rotational temperature. An analgesic (paracetamol) in aqueous solution was treated with this reactor, and its conversion rate was 81% after 60 min of treatment. Keywords—Advanced oxidation processes (AOP), non-thermal plasma (NTP), paracetamol degradation in water
Polymer based microscale and nanoscale technologies for optical and biomedical application

Polymer based micro and nano systems has emerged as a mainstream research in recent times with advent of bio-inspired design of opto-MEMS as wells as bio-MEMS. Polymers have wide range of material characteristics ranging for elastic to brittle nature, optically transparent as well as biocompatible and biodegradable and therefore finds various applications in optics and biomedicine. I tackled four different technological challenges in this research work using novel biomimetic design and biopolymers as listed below. First, I designed wide acceptance angle thin and flat miniaturized solar concentrator by mimicking the wide acceptance angle found in compound eye of insects. I integrated microlens, conic spacer and lightguide to concentrate and redirect sunlight into small area where PV cells can be installed. My design can have total concentration of up to ~40 for acceptance angle of 15°. Second, I designed and fabricated automated light control switch using opto-thermo MEMS. I used IR part of solar spectrum to change the volume of paraffin inside microchamber and actuate the cantilever switch. The switch when activated frustrates the TIR guided light in the lightguide and controls the illumination level. I obtained rms value of illumination change to be 0.012 for input change of 0.018. Third, I developed rapid, inexpensive, reproducible method to make nanoscale patterns in PLLA films using replica-molding techniques. I produced very high fidelity replication of PLLA using double replication from master polycarbonate to PDMS mold and from PDMS mold to PLLA film by drop casting process. The surface characteristics of the nano-patterned film changed drastically form hydrophilic to hydrophobic due to patterning. I
An investigation of the role of recombination processes in the operation of InAs/GaAsl-xSbx quantum dot solar cells

The electroluminescence and photoluminescence from an InAs/GaAsl-xSbxquantum dot solar cell are investigated as a function of temperature and correlated to the PV characteristics of the cell over the same temperature range. Analysis of the dominant recombination mechanism is shown to change from radiative to non-radiative above~150 K, which is consistent with a reduction in the $J_{sc}$ (and $V_{oc}$) at elevated temperatures in these devices.
The Non-Protein Amino Acid BMAA Is Misincorporated into Human Proteins in Place of l-Serine Causing Protein Misfolding and Aggregation

Mechanisms of protein misfolding are of increasing interest in the aetiology of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by protein aggregation and tangles including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Lewy Body Dementia (LBD), and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). Some forms of neurodegenerative illness are associated with mutations in genes which control assembly of disease related proteins. For example, the mouse sticky mutation sti, which results in undetected mischarging of tRNAAla with serine resulting in the substitution of serine for alanine in proteins causes cerebellar Purkinje cell loss and ataxia in laboratory animals. Replacement of serine 422 with glutamic acid in tau increases the propensity of tau aggregation associated with neurodegeneration. However, the possibility that environmental factors can trigger abnormal folding in proteins remains relatively unexplored. We here report that a non-protein amino acid, β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), can be misincorporated in place of l-serine into human proteins. We also report that this misincorporation can be inhibited by l-serine. Misincorporation of BMAA into human neuroproteins may shed light on putative associations between human exposure to BMAA produced by cyanobacteria and an increased incidence of ALS.
Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper

The Standards for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with COPD document 2004 updates the position papers on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) published by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) in 1995 1, 2. Both societies felt the need to update the previous documents due to the following. 1) The prevalence and overall importance of COPD as a health problem is increasing. 2) There have been enough advances in the field to require an update, especially adapted to the particular needs of the ATS/ERS constituency. 3) It allows for the creation of a “live” modular document based on the web; it should provide healthcare professionals and patients with a user friendly and reliable authoritative source of information. 4) The care of COPD should be comprehensive, is often multidisciplinary and rapidly changing. 5) Both the ATS and the ERS acknowledge the recent dissemination of the Global Initiative of Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 3 as a major worldwide contribution to the battle against COPD. However, some specific requirements of the members of both societies require adaptation of the broad GOLD initiative. Those requirements include specific recommendations on oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, noninvasive ventilation, surgery in and for COPD, sleep, air travel, and end-of-life. In addition, special emphasis has been placed on issues related to the habit of smoking and its control. ### Goals and objectives The main goals of the updated document are to improve the quality of care provided to patients with COPD and to develop the project using a disease-oriented approach. To achieve these goals, both organisations have developed a modular electronic web-based document with two components. 1) A component for health professionals that intends to: raise awareness of COPD; inform on the latest advances in the overall pathogenesis, diagnosis, monitoring and management of COPD; and …
What Can Happen When Postpartum Anxiety Progresses to Psychosis? A Case Study

This case report describes a primipara without documented psychiatric history prior to complicated delivery. Onset of severe insomnia and anxiety was right after childbirth but not treated. Obsessive thinking pattern became more prominent. The patient became depressed and sought psychiatric help four months after delivery. Insomnia was then treated pharmacologically. Anxiety and depression persisted, suicidal ideation emerged, and the patient became confused, indecisive, overwhelmed, and delusional regarding her child's health. Medications for depression and anxiety were started six months postpartum yet were ineffective. The patient's obsessions gradually became fully psychotic and she committed an altruistic infanticide eight months postpartum. Psychiatric hospitalization occurred, followed by a long course of mental, physical, legal, and social rehabilitation. She was minimally responsive to psychopharmacological treatment, which appeared to be partly related to her hormonal dysregulation. Several months into the treatment she gradually started improving and returned to baseline two years later. The Illinois court found the patient not guilty to murder by reason of Insanity.
Transcriptional regulation of the cytR repressor gene of Escherichia coli: autoregulation and positive control by the cAMP/CAP complex

The Escherichia coli cytR‐encoded repressor protein (CytR) controls the expression of several genes involved in nucleoside and deoxynucleoside uptake and metabolism. The cytR promoter was identified by determining the transcriptional initiation site of the cytR gene. A chromosomal cytR‐lacZ+ operon fusion was isolated and used to study the regulation of cytR. We show that cytR expression is negatively controlled by the CytR protein and positively affected by the cAMP/CAP complex. Foot printing studies with purified CAP protein revealed two CAP binding sites upstream of the cytR promoter. A previousty described mutation (cytR*) in the cloned cytR gene, which results in the phenotypic suppression of a CytR operator mutation in the tsx P2 promoter, was analysed. DN A sequence analysis of the cytR* mutation revealed a G‐C to an A‐T base pair transition at position ‐34 bp relative to the translational initiation site of cytR. This point mutation activates a cryptic promoter that is stronger than the wild‐type cytR promoter and leads to overproduction of the CytR repressor.
Morphological optimization for access to dual oxidants in biofilms

Significance Principle questions in the field of biology concern the evolutionary advantages conferred by the multicellular lifestyle and by the formation of specific multicellular structures. In microbial biofilms, many cells cooperate to form distinct macroscopic patterns. Here we develop and apply a mathematical model, which incorporates empirical values, to show that the tall “ridges” produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa colony biofilms maximize community growth via enhanced access to oxygen. Production of endogenous redox-active compounds, which mediate electron transfer from cells to oxygen, allows the formation of wider ridges. Externally supplied and endogenously produced oxidant availability controls feature geometry in a manner consistent with the model predictions for optimal geometry. A major theme driving research in biology is the relationship between form and function. In particular, a longstanding goal has been to understand how the evolution of multicellularity conferred fitness advantages. Here we show that biofilms of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce structures that maximize cellular reproduction. Specifically, we develop a mathematical model of resource availability and metabolic response within colony features. This analysis accurately predicts the measured distribution of two types of electron acceptors: oxygen, which is available from the atmosphere, and phenazines, redox-active antibiotics produced by the bacterium. Using this model, we demonstrate that the geometry of colony structures is optimal with respect to growth efficiency. Because our model is based on resource dynamics, we also can anticipate shifts in feature geometry based on changes to the availability of electron acceptors, including variations in the external availability of oxygen and genetic manipulation that renders the cells incapable of phenazine production.
Full Karyotype Interphase Cell Analysis

Aneuploidy seems to play not only a decisive role in embryonal development but also in tumorigenesis where chromosomal and genomic instability reflect a universal feature of malignant tumors. The cost of whole genome sequencing has fallen significantly, but it is still prohibitive for many institutions and clinical settings. No applied, cost-effective, and efficient technique has been introduced yet aiming at research to assess the ploidy status of all 24 different human chromosomes in interphases simultaneously, especially in single cells. Here, we present the selection of human probe DNA and a technique using multistep fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) employing four sets of six labeled FISH probes able to delineate all 24 human chromosomes in interphase cells. This full karyotype analysis approach will provide additional diagnostic potential for single cell analysis. The use of spectral imaging (SIm) has enabled the use of up to eight different fluorochrome labels simultaneously. Thus, scoring can be easily assessed by visual inspection, because SIm permits computer-assigned and distinguishable pseudo-colors to each probe during image processing. This enables full karyotype analysis by FISH of single-cell interphase nuclei.
Cross-task contributions of fronto-basal ganglia circuitry in response inhibition and conflict-induced slowing

Why are we so slow in choosing the lesser of two evils? We considered whether such slowing relates to uncertainty about the value of these options, which arises from the tendency to avoid them during learning, and whether such slowing relates to fronto-subthalamic inhibitory control mechanisms. 49 participants performed a reinforcement-learning task and a stop-signal task while fMRI was recorded. A reinforcement-learning model was used to quantify learning strategies. Individual differences in lose-lose slowing related to information uncertainty due to sampling, and independently, to less efficient response inhibition in the stop-signal task. Neuroimaging analysis revealed an analogous dissociation: subthalamic nucleus (STN) BOLD activity related to variability in stopping latencies, whereas weaker fronto-subthalamic connectivity related to slowing and information sampling. Across tasks, fast inhibitors increased STN activity for successfully cancelled responses in the stop task, but decreased activity for lose-lose choices. These data support the notion that fronto-STN communication implements a rapid but transient brake on response execution, and that slowing due to decision uncertainty could result from an inefficient release of this “hold your horses” mechanism.
Temporal integration of feature correspondences for enhanced recognition in cluttered and dynamic environments

We propose a method for recognizing rigid object instances in RGB-D point clouds by accumulating low-level information from keypoint correspondences over multiple observations. Compared to existing multi-view approaches, we make fewer assumptions on the recognition problem, dealing with cluttered and partially dynamic environments as well as covering a wide range of objects. Evaluation on the publicly available TUW and Willow datasets showed that our method achieves state-of-the-art recognition performance for challenging sequences of static environments and a significant improvement for environments partially changing during the observation.
Prolonged post‐seismic deformation of the 1960 great Chile earthquake and implications for mantle rheology

Contemporary crustal deformation of the southern Andean margin shows an interesting feature: While nearly all coastal GPS sites move landward, consistent with inter‐seismic deformation near a locked subduction fault, sites 300–400 km landward of the rupture region of the Mw9.5 1960 Chile earthquake are moving in the opposite direction. We attribute the seaward motion of these inland sites to a prolonged crustal deformation due to mantle stress relaxation following the 1960 great earthquake. In order to reproduce the observed seaward motion using a three‐dimensional finite element model we need to incorporate a mantle viscosity of about 3 × 1019 Pa s. The possibility that the seaward motion is caused by a silent slip event on the plate interface at large depths cannot be completely excluded, and our analysis provides a working model for future field tests.
A covariant constitutive theory for anisotropic hyperelastic solids with initial strains

Soft tissue systems typically do not have a global stress-free configuration, and the configuration taken as the reference normally contains a pre-existing strain field which we refer to as the initial strain. This article presents a constitutive theory for hyperelastic solids with initial strains. The notion of material metric is introduced. A constitutive description with the material metric describing the natural geometry is developed. Covariant conditions are introduced into the constitutive equation. It is found that the covariant conditions embody the notion of local natural configuration and imply a well-known invariance principle in elasticity. A representation theorem for covariant anisotropic functions is established. This theorem enables the derivation of covariant anisotropic functions using existing Euclidean representation theorems. Examples of covariant constitutive representations for isotropic, transversely isotropic, and general anisotropic materials are presented.
Attenuated AMPA Receptor Expression Allows Glioblastoma Cell Survival in Glutamate-Rich Environment

Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells secrete large amounts of glutamate that can trigger AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs). This commonly results in Na+ and Ca2+-permeability and thereby in excitotoxic cell death of the surrounding neurons. Here we investigated how the GBM cells themselves survive in a glutamate-rich environment. Methods and Findings In silico analysis of published reports shows down-regulation of all ionotropic glutamate receptors in GBM as compared to normal brain. In vitro, in all GBM samples tested, mRNA expression of AMPAR subunit GluR1, 2 and 4 was relatively low compared to adult and fetal total brain mRNA and adult cerebellum mRNA. These findings were in line with primary GBM samples, in which protein expression patterns were down-regulated as compared to the normal tissue. Furthermore, mislocalized expression of these receptors was found. Sequence analysis of GluR2 RNA in primary and established GBM cell lines showed that the GluR2 subunit was found to be partly unedited. Conclusions Together with the lack of functional effect of AMPAR inhibition by NBQX our results suggest that down-regulation and afunctionality of AMPARs, enable GBM cells to survive in a high glutamate environment without going into excitotoxic cell death themselves. It can be speculated that specific AMPA receptor inhibitors may protect normal neurons against the high glutamate microenvironment of GBM tumors.
Effects of lighting pattern and photoperiod on egg production and egg quality of a native chicken under free‐range condition

ABSTRACT The paper aimed to study the effects of lighting pattern and photoperiod alone and in combination on egg production, egg quality in Beijing You Chicken (BYC). A total of 630 19‐wk‐old BYC laying hens were randomly allocated to 6 groups with 105 birds each, 3 replicates per group, reared in individually lit floor pens with separate outdoor areas. A 2 × 3 factorial experiment (2 lighting patterns: continuous and intermittent lighting; 3 photoperiods: 16, 14, 12 h) was arranged, including 16L:8D (6:00 to 22:00) for group 1; 12L:2D:4L:6D (6:00 to 18:00, 20:00 to 24:00) for group 2; 14L:10D (6:00 to 20:00) for group 3; 10L:2D:4L:8D (6:00 to 16:00, 18:00 to 22:00) for group 4; 12L:12D (6:00 to 18:00) for group 5, and 8L:4D:4L:8D (6:00 to 14:00, 18:00 to 22:00) for group 6, respectively. Egg production parameters were calculated for 22 to 43, 44 to 57, and 22 to 57 wk, and egg quality parameters were measured at the end of 37 and 57 wk. The results showed that the egg production of BYC was not significantly affected by lighting pattern, photoperiod alone, or in combination during 22 to 43 and 22 to 57 wk (P > 0.05), but average feed intake in 12 h groups was significantly higher than those in 14 and 16 h groups during 22 to 43 and 22 to 57 wk (P < 0.05). Egg mass and feed egg ratio were significantly affected by lighting pattern, photoperiod alone, and in combination during 44 to 57 wk (P < 0.05). Egg mass was significantly higher (P = 0.05) and feed egg ratio was significantly lower (P = 0.03) in continuous groups than in intermittent groups. There were significant effects for eggshell thickness, albumen height, haugh unit, and egg grade by lighting pattern alone (P < 0.05) at 37 wk. The study suggested that 1) the egg production was not significantly affected by lighting pattern alone during 22 to 57 wk (P > 0.05), but the photoperiod significantly affected average feed intake (P < 0.05); 2) continuous lighting is better for the egg production during 44 to 57 wk, and intermittent lighting is better for egg quality of the native bird at 37 wk; 3) 12 h lighting is enough for meeting the requirement of the native chicken during the laying period; (4) no change in photoperiod from the rearing to the production phase (12 to 12 L) will have long‐lasting effects on egg production or egg quality under the present condition.