Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-143 (miR-143) Regulates Cancer Glycolysis via Targeting Hexokinase 2 Gene*

Background: Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is frequently overexpressed in malignant tumors. Results: miR-143 down-regulates HK2 and inhibits glucose metabolism and cancer progression. Conclusion: miR-143 is an essential regulator of cancer glycolysis via targeting HK2. Significance: Discovering the important role of miRNA in cancer metabolism may provide potential targets for cancer therapy. High glycolysis, well known as “Warburg effect,” is frequently observed in a variety of cancers. Whether the deregulation of miRNAs contributes to the Warburg effect remains largely unknown. Because miRNA regulates gene expression at both mRNA and protein levels, we constructed a gene functional association network, which allows us to detect the gene activity instead of gene expression, to integratively analyze the microarray data for gene expression and miRNA expression profiling and identify glycolysis-related gene-miRNA pairs deregulated in cancer. Hexokinase 2 (HK2), coding for the first rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, is among the top list of genes predicted and potentially regulated by multiple miRNAs including miR-143. Interestingly, miR-143 expression was inversely associated with HK2 protein level but not mRNA level in human lung cancer samples. miR-143, down-regulated by mammalian target of rapamycin activation, reduces glucose metabolism and inhibits cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation through targeting HK2. Collectively, we have not only established a novel methodology for gene-miRNA pair prediction but also identified miR-143 as an essential regulator of cancer glycolysis via targeting HK2.
The effects of seat height and foot placement on lumbar spine load during sit-to-stand tasks

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of seat height and foot position in the sagittal plane on L5-S1 joint load. Fourteen healthy male adults stood up from a chair with three different seat heights and positions of the feet in the sagittal plane. L5-S1 net joint torque, mechanical work, range of motion and electromyographic activity of the erector spinae muscle were measured. L5-S1 net joint work increased by about 50% from high to low seat position. The mean and peak L5-S1 net joint torques increased about 30% from foot-back to foot-neutral position. These results were reinforced by a greater integrated electromyography signal from the erector spinae from high to low seat position and from foot-back to foot-neutral position. A high chair and placement of the feet behind the knees may be advisable to lessen lumbar load during sit-to-stand movements. Practitioner Summary: This study evaluated the effect of seat height and foot position on L5-S1 joint work and erector spinae activation during sit-to-stand movements. A high seat with the feet positioned further back decreased L5-S1 joint torque and erector spinae activation. These outcomes may help to reduce spine load during sit-to-stand movements.
On the Japanese Yen-U.S. Dollar Exchange Rate: A Structural Econometric Model Based on Real Interest Differentials

In this paper the short- and long-run movements of the Japanese yen-US dollar exchange rate are modelled for the recent floating period. The modern general-to-specific approach is used as our econometric framework. In contrast to some other exchange rate studies, we interpret multiple cointegrating vectors using economic theory. Among the findings are sensible and significant long-run relationships, and dynamic equations which describe the movements of the exchange rate and satisfy a battery of diagnostic tests. The models are shown to produce good in-sample forecasting performance and also out-of-sample forecasting performance which dominates a random walk.
National Culture and the Composition and Leadership Structure of Boards of Directors

When considering board composition and leadership structure, it is important to consider national culture norms. The findings of the study also have important implications for multinational firms setting up boards for their subsidiaries in different countries. The predictive accuracy of the culture variables provides strong support for the argument that norms embedded in a society's culture affect organizational structure, at least at the board level. The results of the study contribute to our understanding of institutional theory in explaining observed variations in corporate board composition and leadership structure across countries. By linking board composition to the cultural environment, institutional theory provides an explicit framework for analyzing variations in board structure across national boundaries. Societal norms about corporate structure are treated as components of national culture. Hofstede's measures of national culture were shown to predict the board composition and leadership structure of firms based in that culture. The hypotheses were tested with data on 399 multinational manufacturing firms based in 15 industrial countries. The results suggest that national culture can have strong effects on corporate governance and should be considered in any transnational study. How and to what extent does national culture influence the composition and leadership structure of the boards of directors of multinational firms? Empirical: How and to what extent does national culture influence the composition and leadership structure of the boards of directors of multinational firms? Societal norms about corporate structure are treated as components of national culture. Hofstede's measures of national culture were shown to predict the board composition and leadership structure of firms based in that culture. The hypotheses were tested with data on 399 multinational manufacturing firms based in 15 industrial countries. The results suggest that national culture can have strong effects on corporate governance and should be considered in any transnational study.The predictive accuracy of the culture variables provides strong support for the argument that norms embedded in a society's culture affect organizational structure, at least at the board level. The results of the study contribute to our understanding of institutional theory in explaining observed variations in corporate board composition and leadership structure across countries. By linking board composition to the cultural environment, institutional theory provides an explicit framework for analyzing variations in board structure across national boundaries. When considering board composition and leadership structure, it is important to consider national culture norms. The findings of the study also have important implications for multinational firms setting up boards for their subsidiaries in different countries.
Serum heat shock protein 27 as a potential marker of diabetic nephropathy and its association with traditional risk factors in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes

Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) has been involved in different kidney diseases playing protective as well as counter-protective roles. Stressful conditions that include oxidative stress as diabetes and chronic kidney disease promote cells to over express HSP27. In the present study, investigation of serum Hsp27 levels in type 2 diabetic Egyptians with traditional risk factors for diabetic nephropathy (DN), a microvascular complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as in diabetics with evident diabetic nephropathy was performed. Our study included three diabetic groups: diabetic control subjects (DC), diabetic group with one or more of the traditional risk factors for diabetic nephropathy (DR): Hypertension and /or dyslipidemia, and evident diabetic nephropathy group (DN), which was further sub-grouped into three DN stages according to the decrease in the estimated glomeular filtration rate. Serum Hsp27 levels were significantly higher in patients with traditional risk factors for DN and with evident DN than in diabetic control subjects (p<0.01). Moreover, serum HSP27 showed increased area under the curve with increasing risk factors for DN. Likewise, serum Hsp27 levels showed higher sensitivity and area under the curve over creatinine and microalbuminuria. In conclusion, our results showed that serum HSP27 may be used as an early marker for diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy as serum Hsp27 levels appear to be associated with the risk for DN as well as with manifest DN.
Measuring Productive Efficiency in Input–Output Models by Means of Data Envelopment Analysis

Abstract The goal of the present research is to evaluate productive efficiency in an input–output framework by means of data envelopment analysis (DEA). This mathematical programming technique allows researchers to assess potential efficiency improvements in the form of input requirements reduction. By constructing envelopment unitary isoquants corresponding to comparable sectors across different local, regional or national economies, e.g. agriculture and manufacturing, DEA identifies as productive benchmarks those economies that exhibit the lowest technical coefficients, i.e. lowest input amount to produce one unit of output. Once these reference frontiers have been defined, it is possible to assess what would be the potential efficiency improvements available to the inefficient economies if they were to produce according to the best practice technologies of their benchmark peers. From an equivalent perspective, these simulations identify the necessary changes that each productive sector needs to undertake in order to reach the efficiency levels of the most successful economies. Finally, within Leontief’s analytical construction, these calculations allow us to assess what would have been the economy‐wid,e benefits for the inefficient economies—in terms of intermediate consumption reductions and final demand increases—of producing with best practice technologies. The model is empirically illustrated using the input–output tables for a set of OECD countries.
Modeling low-carbon US electricity futures to explore impacts on national and regional water use

The US electricity sector is currently responsible for more than 40% of both energy-related carbon dioxide emissions and total freshwater withdrawals for power plant cooling (EIA 2012a Annual Energy Outlook 2012 (Washington, DC: US Department of Energy), Kenny et al 2009 Estimated Use of Water in the United States 2005 (US Geological Survey Circular vol 1344) (Reston, VA: US Geological Survey)). Changes in the future electricity generation mix in the United States will have important implications for water use, particularly given the changing water availability arising from competing demands and climate change and variability. However, most models that are used to make long-term projections of the electricity sector do not have sufficient regional detail for analyzing water-related impacts and informing important electricity- and water-related decisions. This paper uses the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) to model a range of low-carbon electricity futures nationally that are used to calculate changes in national water use (a sample result, on water consumption, is included here). The model also produces detailed sub-regional electricity results through 2050 that can be linked with basin-level water modeling. The results will allow for sufficient geographic resolution and detail to be relevant from a water management perspective.
Mood Disorders after Stroke: Diagnostic Validation of the Poststroke Depression Rating Scale

Background: Poststroke depression (PSD) is a common and invalidating condition, requiring a prompt diagnosis to provide appropriate treatment. The diagnosis of PSD is based on clinical evaluation, supported by psychiatric scales, predominantly constructed to assess ‘functional’ depressive disorders, which can miss important clinical information about PSD. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the Poststroke Depression Rating Scale (PSDRS), a diagnostic tool specifically devised to assess depression after stroke, in comparison to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D). Methods: 143 patients were enrolled at their first-ever stroke; 46 subjects received a diagnosis of major depression-like disorder (MDL) and 53 a diagnosis of mood disorder with depressive manifestations (MDDM). Each patient underwent the PSDRS, Ham-D and Mini Mental State Examination. Areas under receiver-operating characteristic curves were calculated to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. Results: At their optimum cut-off points, the Ham-D and PSDRS showed good sensitivity and specificity for MDL or MDL + MDDM; the PSDRS had a higher positive predictive value for MDL in respect of the Ham-D (78 vs. 59%). Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy of the PSDRS was higher in respect of the Ham-D in aphasic patients. Regression analyses showed that a longer latency from stroke onset predicted misdiagnosis on both PSDRS and Ham-D; the Ham-D was significantly influenced by cognitive impairment while the PSDRS was affected by age. Conclusions: The Ham-D and PSDRS are both reliable diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of PSD. The PSDRS showed a slightly superior positive predictive value for MDL, particularly in aphasic patients, and was not influenced by cognitive dysfunction, a common consequence of stroke affecting the diagnostic performance of the Ham-D. We suggest that the PSDRS could be a useful tool in clinical practice and in therapeutic trials.
Engel Curves Leading to the Weak Axiom in the Aggregate

For every range of admissible incomes, the authors characterize the class of Engel curves with the property that if an economy has, first, a price independent distribution of income and, second, preferences which are identical across consumers and generate Engel curves in the class, then the corresponding aggregate demand function satisfies the Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference. This class is defined by two simple conditions. The no-torsion condition says that, in the relevant range of income, the Engel curve is contained in a plane through the origin. The uniform-curvature condition says that, in addition, the Engel curve is either convex or concave to the origin. Copyright 1987 by The Econometric Society.
Design Requirements for Doubly-Fed Reluctance Generators

This paper puts forward an analytical model for representing a doubly-fed reluctance machine using rotating field theory and permeance harmonics. The radially-laminated version of the rotor is described then a machine is developed using the theory. The algorithm is implemented and a design for a 7.5 kW machine is developed to illustrate the sizing required. The machine is of a 2/6 pole arrangement. The paper illustrates that the stator should be specially manufactured because the slots need to be able to cope with a much higher electric loading than an equivalent induction machine. The paper also shows that there is still much work to be done in terms of being able to design and specify this type of novel machine.
The Restructuring of the Hospital Services Industry

Prior to 1870, hospitals were nonprofit institutions serving the poor, the homeless, and the insane [Starr 1982, 144]. Medicine was practiced outside of the hospital by peripatetic physicians attending patients at their home; hospitals served those without resources to pay for the services of a physician. 1 During the period 1870-1910, hospitals were transformed from the periphery of health care to the center [Starr 1982, 144]. Several reasons account for this transformation [Temin 1988, 80-83]. First, improvements in hospital technologies and new surgery techniques made hospital visits more palatable for patients (and less life threatening). Second, the newly developed germ theory of disease created a need for doctors to work in laboratories in order to diagnose and treat disease. Third, increased urbanization divorced medical care from the home and led to an increased demand for hospital services by the urban middle and working class.2
Building an entrepreneurial network: the experiences of immigrant entrepreneurs

Purpose - The importance of networks with respect to acquiring the resources needed for business creation is one of the main areas within entrepreneurship research. Although there is significant literature on the use of social capital and human capital by immigrant entrepreneurs, there is an absence of studies which report the impact of business networks. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a study examining the process of business network development by immigrant entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach - For each of the 28 entrepreneurs, data were collected using a questionnaire and an interview. In completing the questionnaire, the entrepreneurs were asked to fill out a network audit, followed by a series of multiple-choice questions. For the responses from the interviews, narrative structuring is used to create a coherent story of the entrepreneurs' experience of business networks. Findings - This paper presents data characterizing the entrepreneurs, their experience in business networks, and enablers and disablers to the development of a business network. Practical implications - The outcome is multiple perspectives on the purpose, process, benefits and challenges of developing a business network, and the impact of participation in a formal business network. Originality/value - The findings which emerge offer insights into the development of business networks by immigrant entrepreneurs.
Early Retirement Provisions and the Labor Force Behavior of Older Men: Evidence from Canada

We examine the (sequential) introduction of early retirement provisions to Canada's two public pension plans. These reforms provide a unique opportunity to assess the effect of public pension plan parameters on labor supply behavior, free of the biases that potentially affect the simple time‐series or cross‐section inference presented in many previous studies. We find that the reforms led to an increase in pension receipt but had little immediate effect on labor market behavior. This is due to the fact that men who initially took advantage of the early retirement provisions would otherwise have had limited labor market participation.
The gender earnings gap: evidence from the UK

Rising female labour-force participation has been one of the most striking changes to have occurred in industrialised countries’ labour markets over recent decades. In the UK between 1973 and 1993, female labour-force participation rose from 57 per cent to 68 per cent for women aged 16 to 64.2 Women now account for half of all employees and 36 per cent of those working full-time (compared with 38 per cent and 30 per cent respectively in 1971). 3 Yet, although women have been the main beneficiaries from the creation of new jobs, they have still not gained earnings parity with men. For women working full-time,however, the pay gap has been closing, and the New Earnings Survey reports a rise in the ratio of median hourly pay of full-time women to men from 65 per cent in 1970 to 73 per cent in 1976 and a more gradual increase thereafter to 80 per cent in 1994. In contrast, the relative earnings position of women working part-time has changed little for over two decades. Our period of study (the mid-1970s to the early 1990s) saw significant shifts in the composition of female employment that are potentially important in explaining changes in the gender gap. First, there has been a notable increase in the average age of full-time working women which has primarily resulted from increased employment amongst women of child-bearing age. This has shifted the
A REVIEW OF TECHNICAL CHANGE IN ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE POLICY

▪ Abstract Climate policy is often discussed as a lever with which to bring about climate-friendly technical innovation and diffusion. However, quantitative policy assessments routinely treat technological change as a factor that is independent of policy. Stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of CO2 cannot be achieved through marginal changes in the way we supply and use energy. The only path to stabilization of climate over the next century that is consistent with widely accepted population and economic-growth scenarios involves substantial decoupling of energy services from carbon emissions. The required rate of structural and technical change for such a goal has been experienced only in the wake of economic and resource crises and for periods of a decade or less. Historic rates of structural and technical change averaged over a century are far from adequate for stabilizing climate. In this paper, we review technical changes in the energy system and a few instances in which energy economic models have .
Delusions and prediction error: re-examining the behavioural evidence for disrupted error signalling in delusion formation

Introduction. There is now significant evidence that prediction error signalling is mediated by dopamine in the midbrain, and that dopamine dysfunction is implicated in people experiencing psychotic symptoms, including delusions. There has also been significant theorizing and experimentation concerning the remaining link in this triad, namely that deviant prediction error signalling produces or maintains psychotic symptoms. Methods. The research supporting the link between prediction error signalling and delusional symptoms was reviewed. Numerous studies indirectly support this link, but only one set of studies claim to directly test this hypothesis by combining three crucial elements: a patient sample, a manipulation of prediction error and neuroimaging. This particular set of studies were examined in detail. Results. Important methodological limitations in these studies were observed, and a reinterpretation of their data was offered. Conclusions. Methodological inconsistencies significantly weaken the claims made by these studies, but their data are consistent with current theorizing and they are instructive for future lines of inquiry in this field.
Value of pulse oximetry watch for diagnosing pediatric obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of pulse oximetry watch (POW) for diagnosing pediatric Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods: We selected 32 children (boys: 25, 4–16 years old) who came to the hospital for diagnosing OSAHS from July to October 2016. Polysomnography (PSG) and POW were used simultaneously and recorded the apnea hypopnea index (AHI), LSpO2, and ODI4. Pearson analysis, t test, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) were used to analyze the correlation between PSG-AHI and other indicators, the diagnosis accordance rate, and the sensitivity and specificity of POW, respectively. Results: According to PSG-AHI, 32 children were divided into two groups: primary snoring (n = 5) and OSAHS (n = 27). There was no significant difference between PSG-ODI4 and POW-ODI4 (p > .05). A statistically significant correlation between PSG-AHI and POW-ODI4 was found (r = .719, p < .001). When PSG-AHI >1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 events/h, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.685 (p > .05), 0.733, 0.798, 0.922, and 0.929 (p < .05), respectively. There were high levels of sensitivity (83.33%) and specificity (92.31%) in the OSAHS with AHI >20 events/h level, whereas the sensitivity and specificity were unacceptable (<75%) at the level of AHI >1, 5, 10, and 15 events/h. Conclusions: POW cannot replace PSG to diagnose pediatric OSAHS because of low sensitivity and specificity, but can be used for screening severe OSAHS in children.