Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust and validated models to predict high risk of non-sentinel node metastases in breast cancer patients with micrometastases or isolated tumor cells in the sentinel node

Abstract Background. Benefit from axillary lymph node dissection in sentinel node positive breast cancer patients is under debate. Based on data from 1820 Danish breast cancer patients operated in 2002–2008, we have developed two models to predict high risk of non-sentinel node metastases when micrometastases or isolated tumor cells are found in sentinel node. The aim of this study was to validate these models in an independent Danish dataset. Material and methods. We included 720 breast cancer patients with micrometastases and 180 with isolated tumor cells in sentinel node operated in 2009–2010 from the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group database. Accuracy of the models was tested in this cohort by calculating area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as well as sensitivity and specificity. Results. AUC for the model for patients with micrometastases was comparable to AUC in the original cohort: 0.63 and 0.64, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for predicting risk of non-sentinel node metastases over 30% was 0.36 and 0.81, respectively, in the validation cohort. AUC for the model for patients with isolated tumor cells decreased from 0.73 in the original cohort to 0.60 in the validation cohort. When dividing patients with isolated tumor cells into high and low risk of non-sentinel node metastases according to number of risk factors present, 37% in the high-risk group had non-sentinel node metastases. Specificity and sensitivity was 0.48 and 0.88, respectively, in the validation cohort when using this cut-point. Conclusion. In this independent dataset, the model for patients with micrometastases was robust with accuracy similar to the original cohort, while the model for patients with isolated tumor cells was less accurate. The models may be used to identify patients where axillary lymph node dissection should still be considered.
Distinct Cell Stress Responses Induced by ATP Restriction in Quiescent Human Fibroblasts

Quiescence is the prevailing state of many cell types under homeostatic conditions. Yet, surprisingly little is known about how quiescent cells respond to energetic and metabolic challenges. To better understand compensatory responses of quiescent cells to metabolic stress, we established, in human primary dermal fibroblasts, an experimental ‘energy restriction’ model. Quiescence was achieved by short-term culture in serum-deprived media and ATP supply restricted using a combination of glucose transport inhibitors and mitochondrial uncouplers. In aggregate, these measures led to markedly reduced intracellular ATP levels while not compromising cell viability over the observation period of 48 h. Analysis of the transcription factor (TF) landscape induced by this treatment revealed alterations in several signal transduction nodes beyond the expected biosynthetic adaptations. These included increased abundance of NF-κB regulated TFs and altered TF subsets regulated by Akt and p53. The observed changes in gene regulation and corresponding alterations in key signaling nodes are likely to contribute to cell survival at intracellular ATP concentrations substantially below those achieved by growth factor deprivation alone. This experimental model provides a benchmark for the investigation of cell survival pathways and related molecular targets that are associated with restricted energy supply associated with biological aging and metabolic diseases.
Intelligent Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive

After analyzing the basic principle of sensorless control using extended Kalman filter (EKF) in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive, this paper proposes an intelligent sensorless control. Here, fuzzy control is used in EKF and neuron control is used in speed loop, since neuron based speed controller does not rely on the accurate mathematical model of system, and it has not only fast dynamic response but also high steady-state accuracy, while fuzzy EKF algorithm can adjust covariance matrices online and be efficiently-accelerated convergence. A PMSM drive simulation model with novel intelligent sensorless control is created and studied using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and validity of novel intelligent sensorless control.
Determinants of Desire for Children among HIV-Positive Women in the Afar Region, Ethiopia: Case Control Study

Introduction The desire for a child in Ethiopian society is normal. Among HIV positive women, due to the risk of MTCT, it is imperative to understand factors influencing women’s desire for children. This study aimed at assessing factors associated with desire for children among HIV-positive women in two selected hospitals of Afar Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods A facility based case-control study was conducted among 157 cases (with a desire) and 157 controls of HIV positive individuals registered in the selected health facilities. The participants were selected by random sampling technique. Data were collected using face-to-face interview and was analyzed using logistic regression. Result Factors found to be independently associated with desire for children were age categories of 20–24 years (OR = 6.22, 1.29–10.87) and 25–29 years (OR = 14.6, 3.05–21.60), being married (OR = 5.51, 2.19–13.54), Afar ethnicity (OR 6.93, 1.19–12.14), having HIV-positive children (OR 0.23, 0.09–0.63), duration on ART more than one year (3.51, 1.68–9.05), CD4 count greater than 350 (OR 4.83, 1.51–7.27) and discussion of reproductive health issues with health providers (OR 0.31, 0.12–0.51). Conclusion Women who were young, married, Afar, those who received ART more than one year, and had CD4 count >350 were more likely to have a desire for children. Recommendation Health care workers at ART clinic should openly discuss about the reproductive options for the women living with HIV/AIDS.
Evaluation of the CLM4 Lake Model at a Large and Shallow Freshwater Lake

Models of lake physical processes provide the lower flux boundary conditions for numerical predictions of weather and climate in lake basins. So far, there have been few studies on evaluating lake model performance at the diurnal time scale and against flux observations. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Land Model version 4‐Lake, Ice, Snow and Sediment Simulator using the eddy covariance and water temperature data obtained at a subtropical freshwater lake, Lake Taihu, in China. Both observations and model simulations reveal that convective overturning was commonplace at night and timed when water switched from being statically stable to being unstable. By reducing the water thermal diffusivity to 2% of the value calculated with the Henderson‐Sellers parameterization, the model was able to reproduce the observed diurnal variations in water surface temperatureand in sensible and latent heat fluxes. The small diffusivity suggests that the drag force of the sediment layer in this large (2500 km 2 ) and shallow (2-m depth) lake may be strong, preventing unresolved vertical motions and suppressing wind-induced turbulence. Model results show that a large fraction of the incoming solar radiation energywasstoredinthewaterduringthedaytime,andthestoredenergywasdiffusedupwardatnighttosustain sensibleandlatentheatfluxestotheatmosphere.Suchalake‐atmosphereenergyexchangemodulatedthelocal climate at the daily scale in this shallow lake, which is not seen in deep lakes where dominant lake‐atmosphere interactions often occur at the seasonal scale.
A framework for modeling emotion in synthetic agent

Emotion is an important part of human intelligence. They can influence human behaviors and guide human to adapt to the environment. Integrating emotion into agent can enhance the authenticity and creditability of agent's behavior. This paper classifies emotion as cognitive emotion and reflex emotion. The generating mechanisms of these two emotions are analyzed. In order to model emotion in agent, a framework is proposed. In the framework, a production system is used to model cognitive emotion based on appraisal theory, and the reflex emotion is generated according to conditioned emotional response theory. At last, an experiment is given to evaluate the proposed framework.
Seamless handover for high mobility environments

As a major 5G scenario, high mobility up to 500km/h is an important feature to be supported and will pose conspicuous challenges to wireless communication systems. But compared with other features, provisioning highly reliable services for users or devices in high mobility environments has not received enough attention. Especially, handovers in mobile communication systems for high-speed railways (HSR) were treated with overly simplified assumptions, which may lead to ineffective designs and undermine railway safety or users' experience. This paper attempts to analyze the phenomenon of variant Doppler effects in typical high mobility environments and its impacts on wireless transmission. A general soft handover scheme using dual-link structure and beamforming is proposed based on a brief survey of previous studies. Finally, an effort is made to extract some guidelines for constructing soft handovers to achieve seamless transmission in high mobility environments.
Phase Transition of Convex Programs for Linear Inverse Problems with Multiple Prior Constraints

A sharp phase transition emerges in convex programs when solving the linear inverse problem, which aims to recover a structured signal from its linear measurements. This paper studies this phenomenon in theory under Gaussian random measurements. Different from previous studies, in this paper, we consider convex programs with multiple prior constraints. These programs are encountered in many cases, for example, when the signal is sparse and its $\ell_2$ norm is known beforehand, or when the signal is sparse and non-negative simultaneously. Given such a convex program, to analyze its phase transition, we introduce a new set and a new cone, called the prior restricted set and prior restricted cone, respectively. Our results reveal that the phase transition of a convex problem occurs at the statistical dimension of its prior restricted cone. Moreover, to apply our theoretical results in practice, we present two recipes to accurately estimate the statistical dimension of the prior restricted cone. These two recipes work under different conditions, and we give a detailed analysis for them. To further illustrate our results, we apply our theoretical results and the estimation recipes to study the phase transition of two specific problems, and obtain computable formulas for the statistical dimension and related error bounds. Simulations are provided to demonstrate our results.
Unsupervised motion pattern learning for motion segmentation

This paper proposes a novel method for automated generation of motion segmentation models for full body motion monitoring. The method generates, in an un-supervised manner, a motion template for a dynamic warping approach from a short training sequence, i.e., from very few data. Therefore it first automatically detects motif candidates, i.e. the recurring patterns in the training sequence. Then it uses the detected motifs to construct the model. This novel method is able to automatically find motifs in a multivariate time series and generate a model which is capable of segmenting the series in a real-time system. The technology is evaluated in the context of a personalized virtual rehabilitation trainer application during a clinical study. The novel motion capturing dataset is publicly available.
Measuring Self-Respect

Can “self-respect” supplant the now much-maligned “global self-esteem” in psychological research and therapy? The aim of the present paper is to examine this suggestion and develop it further. It is argued that there are two distinct philosophical concepts of self-respect abroad in the literature, Kantian and Aristotelian, between which psychologists need to choose. The main components of Aristotelian self-respect are then worked out. The paper concludes by exploring how, in order to make those components objectively measurable, certain methodological pitfalls must be avoided.
Including a Model of Visual Processing With a Cognitive Architecture to Model a Simple Teleoperation Task

This article describes progress in providing user models with sufficient visual information and motor control to perform teleoperation with an unmodified, physically realized robot. User models that are built by extending cognitive models to interact directly with interfaces can provide a theoretical basis for predicting user behavior. These models can help in summarizing and explaining usability issues in domains for which conventional user testing is too time consuming, too demanding of other resources, or too dynamic for static models. The user model consists of an ACT-R cognitive model and the SegMan image-processing and interpretation system. ACT-R supports directing simple rover navigation and response-time predictions. SegMan supports interpreting many aspects of HCI interfaces and can now interpret simple aspects of video used in simple navigation tasks and can generate key presses and mouse actions directly. Processing limited amounts of an image as a human fovea helped make this system work in real time. A study in robot teleoperation provides evidence that the cognitive and perceptual-motor model approximates human behavior (based on comparison of task time, learning behavior, and mouse actions) in a simple navigation task. This work demonstrates how user modeling techniques are maturing to the extent that they can be used for assessing interfaces for dynamic tasks by predicting performance during teleoperation, a common human-robot interaction task.
A Large Scale Cross-Validation of Second-Order Personality Structure Defined by the 16PF

The second-order factors structure of the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) was cross-validated on a large sample (N = 17,381) of normal males and females. Subjects were sampled across a broad range of ages, socioeconomic levels, education, geographic location, and ethnicity. The purposes of this investigation were (1) to provide a precise definition of 16PF second-order factor structure, (2) to shed additional light on the nature of two second-order factors that have been previously identified but described as “unstable” and “poorly reproduced,” and (3) to determine the extent to which common factor estimation formulas for men and women would prove satisfactory for applied work. The resulting solutions were congruent with previous studies and showed a high degree of simple structure. Support was provided for one, but not both, of the two additional second-order factors. Results also supported the use of simplified estimation formulas for applied use.
Post-Political Regulation: Soft Power and Post-Political Visions in Global Governance

The debate on global governance points to shifts in the type and nature of regulation as well as in the set of actors involved. The article introduces a novel way of conceptualizing the changes, namely a move towards post-political forms of regulation (see also Garsten and Jacobsson, 2007). Drawing on Chantal Mouffe’s notion of ‘the post-political vision’, the article argues that many contemporary forms of regulation are premised on consensual relationships as the basis for regulatory activity. These regulatory practices tend to narrow down the conflictual space, thereby exerting a form of soft power. Moreover, in the post-political forms of regulation, unequal power relations tend to be rendered invisible. The empirical cases discussed are voluntary regulatory arrangements, more specifically the Open Method of Coordination of the EU (OMC) and CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) initiatives.
The challenges of evaluation: assessing Early Talk's impact on speech language and communication practice in children's centres

Abstract This paper describes the findings of a qualitative evaluation of an early years' intervention, I Can's Early Talk (ET) programme. ET was designed to improve speech, language and communication outcomes for children aged 0–5 by focusing on enhancing practitioners' knowledge and skills. The research focused on children aged 3–4 years and was conducted in 14 Sure Start Children's Centres across England, using a combination of observations and interviews with practitioners, centre managers and local authority staff, along with a questionnaire survey of parents. Findings revealed improvements in practitioners' confidence and practice as a result of participating in the programme. The results also suggest that participating practitioners felt their capacity to understand and reflect on how to support children's speech, language and communication improved, particularly in the children's centres which had been accredited for over six months. ET was also found to offer a balance of support and challenge which consolidated and extended good practice and identified areas for development where practice was less effective. In addition, some of the challenges, which characterised and ultimately enhanced the research process, are described.
An iterated greedy algorithm for the binary quadratic programming problem

The binary quadratic programming problem (BQP) is an NP-hard problem and has a large number of applications. In this paper, an iterated greedy algorithm with k-opt local search (IGKLS) is proposed for the BQP. Iterated greedy (IG) algorithm has already been applied to a variety of optimization problems, and shown to be simple but with excellent search performance. The proposed iterated greedy algorithm consists of two central phases, destruction and construction phases. As a local search algorithm, k-opt local search is applied after the construction phase. The computational results showed that the proposed iterated greedy algorithm outperformed state-of-the-art methods for huge size BQP instances.
Methods of Coaching to Improve Decision Making in Rugby

The purpose of this study was to describe the different methods used by coaches to improve decision making in ruby. The study included three coaches from the Western Cape area. Two of the three coaches worked with U/20A league teams and the third coach worked in the Super A league. Eight coaching sessions were video taped and analysed to identify the coaching method used when presenting skill development activities. The verbal behaviour each coach was also recorded. Five rugby games involving each of the teams were also analysed to determine which team had the highest success rates in key categories. The results showed that Coach 1 integrated decision making with skill practice primarily through the method of verbal feedback during sessions where he used a direct teaching style. His comments to players during technical skill instruction were focussed on linking their skill performance to its tactical use in a game. The other two coaches followed the expected pattern of using indirect teaching styles to teach players how to apply tactics. It was concluded that different coaches may use different teaching styles to improve players’ decision making. The belief that the direct style of coaching focuses on technical learning at the expense of tactical understanding may be false. Much more research needs to be completed on coaching methods before specific recommendations can be made to coaches about optimal approaches to balancing the demand for good tactical decision making and sound technical skill performance.
Design of an Efficient Retimed CIC Compensation Filter

: Unwanted side effects because of spectral aliasing and spectral imaging during signal processing would be the major concern over the sampling rate alteration. Multirate-multistage implementation of digital filter could come about a large computational saving than single rate filter suitable for sample rate conversion. This implementation can further improved through high-level architectural transformation in circuit level. Reallocating registers and relocating flip-flops across logic gates through retiming certainly a prominent sequential transformation technology that optimize hardware circuits to achieve faster clocking speed without affecting the functionality. In this paper, we proposed an efficient compensated cascade Integrator comb (CIC) decimation filter structure that analyze the consequence of filter order variation which has a retimed FIR filter being compensator while using the cutset retiming technique and achieved an improvement in the passband droop by 14% to 39%, in computation time by 38.04%, 25.78%, 12.21%, 6.69% and 4.44% and reduction in path delay by 62.27%, 72%, 86.63%, 91.56% and 94.42% of 3, 6, 8, 12 and 24 order filter respectively than the non-retimed CIC compensation filter. a
Nonverbal Communication on Television News

This research examined the facial expressions of the network television news anchorpersons during their coverage of the 1976 presidential election campaign. 7he possibility for systematic yet subtle nonverbal communication in the news was explored through a "nonverbal content analysis" in which we studied the facial expressions which accompanied the uttering of the candidates' names. Significant differences were found in the perceived positivity of the facial expressions of broadcasters as a function of the candidates. 7he results were seen to have important implications for the role of nonverbal communication in the transmission of affective information to TV viewers.
Gender-based violence: Young women’s experiences in the slums and streets of three sub-Saharan African cities

Using a social ecological approach (Bronfenbrenner) to violence and including Hobsbawm’s historical analysis of the collective uses of violence, this article shows how gender-based violence is experienced and used. Drawing on three distinct studies in Ghana, Kenya and South Africa, it shows the commonalities and divergence of young people’s experiences of violence. It links the microsystems of school, community, street and family with the larger macrosystems of poverty, government policies, power relations and structural violence. This approach highlights the relationship between the forms of gender-based violence, youth experience, and the marginalized and deprived habitats in which our research was conducted. Violence experienced by young women is shown to be linked to the ways in which young men use violence as vehicles of revenge and retribution, a desire for respect, expression of love of a mother, control over female sexuality and, ultimately, assertion of collective notions of masculinity on the street and in sprawling urban settlements. We conclude by attempting to identify what is needed to challenge the violence inflicted by poverty on young people, especially young women, the denial of their rights, and the violence they inflict on themselves and others.
Helicobacter pylori Infection Induces Telomerase Activity in Premalignant Lesions

To the Editor: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can cause chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers (1). In addition, H. pylori infection is closely associated with the pathogenesis of precancerous lesions, such as intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer (2, 3). Many animal models with H. pylori inoculation have been reported to help define its role in gastric carcinogenesis, but it has not been reported whether H. pylori can induce precancerous lesions such as intestinal metaplasia in these animal models. Recently, H. pylori inoculation into Mongolian gerbils has been reported to induce chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia 6 months later (4).