Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Low-Profile Cavity-Backed Dual-Polarized Spiral Antenna Array

A low-profile cavity-backed dual-polarized printed spiral antenna array is presented. This spiral array is composed of four center-fed Archimedean spiral antennas printed on FR4 substrate backed by a low-profile cavity without absorbing material. The dual polarization is generated using monopolarized spirals in an alternating configuration right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) and left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP). These spirals are connected allowing the current to flow from the excited spirals arms into the arms of the neighboring ones. The proposed spiral array provides unidirectional beam while being dual-polarized (LHCP or RHCP) for a wide bandwidth. The dual polarization of the proposed spiral array is extended to low frequencies, and the gain varies up to 13 dBi in the antenna bandwidth. The antenna array performances are presented and validated using electromagnetic simulations and radiation pattern measurements.
A New Algorithm for Wire Fault Location Using Time-Domain Reflectometry

In time domain reflectometry (TDR) attenuation and dispersion of the reflected signal limit the reachable accuracy for wire faults location. Because time of flight is evaluated, the wire faults with small impedance changing are difficult to locate. In this paper, a novel method for the TDR-based wire fault detection is presented by transfer function analysis in the time domain. For the determination of the transfer function, a deconvolution should be carried out. Thereby, an inverse problem is to be solved by an adaptive filter approach. Adaptive filters are able to reduce spurious noise of the deconvolution and lead to an acceptable deconvolution estimate. Therefore, a high signal-to-noise-ratio can be reached. The filter's stopband characteristics are optimized by optimization technique to reduce the noise components of the transfer function in the frequency domain. For that a nonlinear fitting procedure is proposed using the Riad-Parruck optimization criterion. The developed method can locate both hard faults (open and short circuits) and soft faults with small impedance changes, and identify the type of wire faults simultaneously in a controlled laboratory environment (without the impedance changes from mechanical vibration, movement, and moisture). The algorithm using adaptive filters and optimization techniques is proposed in this paper for the traditional TDR method, but it is general for most other reflectometry approaches. The estimated wirings are coaxial cables and twisted pair cables, which are used in electrical and power distribution systems.
Semantic Querying based Concept Hierarchy Construction for Ontology Learning

The method of identifying a set of concepts (domain specific) and the relations among these concepts from text is called ontology learning. These relations can be taxonomical (hypernym and hyponym) or non-taxonomical relations. The important step in ontology learning is to, extract the concepts representing the domain and building the concept hierarchy based on the taxonomical relations prevailing between them. The important resources of the text used for concept hierarchy construction are domain-specific corpus and vast text from web pages. The former resource is static and most likely outdated information, whereas the latter resource is uncertain. Therefore, to tackle these drawbacks, we have proposed a new two-level semantic query formation methodology which is based on lexical-syntactic patterns. It utilizes both the resources of text: corpus and web pages for automatic concept hierarchy construction by discovering the hypernyms and hyponyms. Specifically, it resolves the limited and static content problem of the corpus by utilizing the vast and current knowledge available from the web. Meanwhile, the uncertainty of the knowledge in the web is removed by adding two new contextual information to the semantic queries. From the experimental results, it is evident that the proposed concept hierarchy construction method achieved enhancement of 6.5%, 5.65% and 6.8% for metrics such as Precision, Recall, and F-Measure respectively.
Operative Treatment for Coccygodynia

Objective: Few data exist comparing the surgical and nonsurgical treatment of coccygodynia. We sought to retrospectively review our experience with coccygectomy compared with injections for the relief of coccygodynia to determine rates of success and patient satisfaction and identify complications. Methods: From March 1993 to January 2002, 51 consecutive patients with the diagnosis of coccygodynia were evaluated. All of the patients complained of pain while sitting and had localized pain to external and internal palpation of the coccyx on physical examination. Nonoperative treatment (medications, cushions, therapy) had failed to relieve the patients’ symptoms. All patients were seen in follow-up for physical examination and completed a questionnaire by an independent examiner. Follow-up of the patients was 26 months (range 12-59 months). Follow-up data were available on 45 of the 51 enrolled. The patients were divided as follows: 20 patients were treated with total coccygectomy and 25 patients were treated with injection therapy. Results: Of those treated operatively, 18 patients (90%) felt improved and were satisfied with the procedure. Two patients felt their symptoms to be unchanged and were dissatisfied. Postoperative complications included seven wound problems: four superficial infections and three patients with persistent drainage. All resolved with local wound care and oral antibiotics. No further surgery was necessary. There were no bowel injuries and no reports of sphincter problems. Of those treated with injections, 5 of the 25 (20%) felt improvement and were satisfied. Sixteen (64%) were not improved, and four (16%) felt worse. Five (20%) eventually were treated with coccygectomy, four with satisfactory relief in symptoms. Conclusions: Despite the potential for wound problems, coccygectomy for relief of coccygodynia can be a safe and effective treatment option with a high patient satisfaction rate. Wound closure and postoperative wound care are of utmost importance.
Break in the Very High Energy Spectrum of PG 1553+113: New Upper Limit on Its Redshift?

PG 1553+113 is a known BL Lac object, newly detected in the GeV-TeV energy range by H.E. S.S. and MAGIC. The redshift of this source is unknown and a lower limit of z > 0.09 was recently estimated. The very high energy (VHE) spectrum of PG 1553+113 is attenuated due to the absorption by the low-energy photon field of the extragalactic background light (EBL). Here we correct the combined H.E. S.S. and MAGIC spectrum of PG 1553+113 for this absorption assuming a minimum density of the evolving EBL. We use an argument that the intrinsic photon index cannot be harder than Γ = 1.5 and derive an upper limit on the redshift of z < 0.69. Moreover, we find that a redshift above z = 0.42 implies a possible break of the intrinsic spectrum at ~200 GeV. Assuming that such a break is absent, we derive a much stronger upper limit of z < 0.42. Alternatively, this break might be attributed to an additional emission component in the jet of PG 1553+113. This would be the first evidence for a second component detected in the VHE spectrum of a blazar.
Independence in Relational Languages with Finite Domains

We introduce a restricted first-order language that combines logical sentences and probabilistic assessments in finite domains. In this preliminary effort to construct a general device for knowledge representation, we present the language and an inference algorithm based on propositionalization and reduction to multilinear programming. Resumo. Este artigo introduz uma linguagem de primeira-ordem restrita que combina sentenças lógicas e asserções probabilı́sticas em domı́nios finitos. Neste esforço preliminar para construir um instrumento geral de representação de conhecimento, apresentamos a linguagem e um algoritmo de inferência baseado em proposicionalização e redução para programação multilinear.
Relationship of Mode of Conception and Sex Concordance With Mortality/Morbidity in Preterm Twins

Objective: To assess the association of mode of conception and sex concordance with neonatal outcomes in very preterm twins. Study design: Twin pairs born at gestational age ≤32 weeks and admitted to a Level 3 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in 2010–2011 were retrospectively identified from the Canadian Neonatal Network™ database. A composite outcome representing neonatal mortality or any severe morbidity (intraventricular hemorrhage grades ≥3 or periventricular leukomalacia, retinopathy of prematurity stages ≥3, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or necrotizing enterocolitis stages ≥2) was compared between twins conceived using assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) or spontaneously (SP), and tested for association with sex concordance in individual-level and pair-wise multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: Study subjects included 1,508 twins from 216 ART (53 [25%] male–male, 104 [48%] male–female, and 59 [27%] female–female) and 538 SP (192 [36%] male–male, 123 [23%] male–female, and 223 [41%] female–female) pairs. No statistically significant association was detected between mode of conception and the composite outcome of mortality/morbidities. The composite outcome was significantly higher in same-sex than in opposite-sex twins (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = [1.09, 2.59]). This relationship was most pronounced in ART pairs (OR = 2.25; 95% CI = [1.02, 4.98]), with increased rates in one or both twins from male–male versus opposite-sex ART pairs (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = [1.07, 8.36]). Conclusion: Same-sex pairing was associated with higher mortality/morbidities in very preterm twins admitted to the NICU, and can be used in clinical practice to identify twins at higher risk of adverse neonatal outcomes.
Reducing Avoidable Hospital Transfers From Nursing Homes in Austria

Hospital transfers from nursing homes (NHs) are frequent, burdensome for residents, and often avoidable. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions to reduce avoidable transfers is limited, and most projects focus on nurses’ knowledge and skills. In the present project, interventions focusing on nurses and physicians are integrated, elaborated, and implemented in 17 NHs. Results of the 6 months preintervention period are reported. Hospital transfer rates (N = 1,520) and basic data on all residents (N = 1,238) were collected prospectively. Nurses’ preintervention knowledge and self-efficacy were assessed using standardized questionnaires (N = 330). Many hospital transfers were initiated by nurses without physician involvement, polypharmacy was common, and a high potential for reducing transfers by increasing physician presence was observed. Nurses showed rather low knowledge but high self-efficacy. The results are discussed against the background of the interventions including enhancement of physician presence and geriatric quality circles.
Study of Multipoint-to-Point and Broadcast Traffic Performance in RPL

Recent trends in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have suggested converging to such being IPv6-based. to this effect, the Internet Engineering Task Force has chartered a Working Group to develop a routing protocol specification, enabling IPv6-based multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks. This routing protocol, denoted RPL, has been under development for approximately a year, and this memorandum takes a critical look at the state of advancement hereof: it provides a brief algorithmic description of the protocol, and discusses areas where -- in the authors view -- further efforts are required in order for the protocol to become a viable candidate for general use in WSNs. Among these areas is the lack of a proper broadcast mechanism. This memorandum suggests two such broadcast mechanisms, both aiming at (i) exploiting the existing routing state of RPL, while (ii) requiring no additional state maintenance, and studies the performance of RPL and of these suggested mechanisms.
Trigger word mining for relation extraction based on activation force

In this paper, relation extraction is characterized as structured feature learning, and activation force (AF) is employed to extract and construct structured features. Trigger word is a low‐level feature, and it is very crucial in relation extraction. We define the trigger word as a word that is most likely to form a structure corresponding to a special relation. To extract trigger words, firstly, posteriori probability weighted frequency AF model, in which AF is regarded as posteriori probability weighted frequency, is presented. Secondly, a generative AF is introduced. Then, a higher level structured feature, named trigger‐word dependency pair (TWDP), is extracted by a reduced AF model. Based on the trigger words and TWDPs, the most advanced patterns, the shortest dependency paths (SDPs), are optimized. The evaluation corpus of Knowledge Base Population in Text Analysis Conference is adopted to test our methods. Experiments show that 87.30% of Stanford manual trigger words appearing in the training sentences can be found by G‐AF. The experimental results also verified that the modified SDP patterns are superior to original SDP patterns. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
With Whom Do We Speak? Building Transdisciplinary Collaborations in Rhetoric of Science

In the 2013 Poroi special issue celebrating the Association for the Rhetoric of Science & Technology’s (ARST) 20th anniversary, Leah Ceccarelli questioned rhetoricians’ engagement with the world at large asking, “To whom do we speak? ” Referring to the axiom that there are “two modes by which rhetoricians can have an impact on the world around us – through our teaching and through our extradisciplinary service,” Ceccarelli insisted that rhetoricians of science are already engaged in these kinds of work, but demanded, “we need to think more and talk more about how we do this work so that we can help each other more effectively transform our scholarly findings into meaningful action in these fora. ”
Cueing and counting: Does the position of the attentional focus affect enumeration?

Abstract We argue that enumerating 1–4 (subitizing) involves a preattentive mechanism that pre-selects a small number of items for the attentional focus, whereas enumerating larger numbers involves actually changing the position of the attentional focus (Trick & Pylyshyn, 1993). The position of the attentional focus should thus have a stronger effect on enumeration latencies when there are 5 or more items than when there are 1–4. The position of the attentional focus was manipulated using the cue validity paradigm. As predicted, when the position of the attentional focus had any effect at all, it had a significantly greater effect on latencies for 5 or more than for 1–4, although the usual discontinuity in the slope of the enumeration function was apparent. This result obtained with both endogenous and exogenous cues, even when the difficulty of the task was increased by embedding the target items in distractors of a different colour, so that overall contour density was thus held constant between small an.
A High Precision Curvature Compensated Bandgap Reference without Resistors

This paper describes a low offset high precision curvature compensated bandgap reference in a 0.5-mum n-well CMOS technology without resistors. This bandgap reference employs an inverse function voltage transfer cell rather than conventional resistors, together with a low-noise and low-offset scheme to provide a temperature independent gain. Cascode structures are also introduced in order to improve the power supply rejection ratio (PSRR). The effective temperature coefficient of the bandgap reference is 6 ppm/degC. The variation in the output voltage of the bandgap reference is 1.2 mV when Vdd varies from 4.5 V to 5.5 V. The power dissipation is 2.5 mW at 5 V power supply
More wires and fewer LUTs: a design methodology for FPGAs

In designing FPGAs, it is important to achiev e a good balance bet w een the number of logic blocks, suc h has Look-Up Tables (LUTs), and wiring resources. It is difficult to find an optimal solution. In this paper, w e presen t an FPGA design methodology to efficiently find well-balanced FPGA architectures. The method covers all aspects of FPGA development from the architecture-decision process to physical implementation. It has been used to develop a new FPGA that can implement circuits that are twice as large as those implementable with the previous version but with half the number of logic blocks. This indicates that the methodology is effectiv e in dev eloping well-balanced FPGAs.
Sensitivity of Photolysis Frequencies and Key Tropospheric Oxidants in a Global Model to Cloud Vertical Distributions and Optical Properties

vertical overlap for clouds, the model calculated changes in global mean OH (J(O 1 D), J(NO2)) due to the radiative effects of clouds in June are about 0.0% (0.4%, 0.9%), 0.8% (1.7%, 3.1%), and 7.3% (4.1%, 6.0%) for GEOS1-STRAT, GEOS-3, and GEOS-4, respectively; the geographic distributions of these quantities show much larger changes, with maximum decrease in OH concentrations of � 15–35% near the midlatitude surface. The much larger global impact of clouds in GEOS-4 reflects the fact that more solar radiation is able to penetrate through the optically thin upper tropospheric clouds, increasing backscattering from low-level clouds. Model simulations with each of the three cloud distributions all show that the change in the global burden of ozone due to clouds is less than 5%. Model perturbation experiments with GEOS-3, where the magnitude of 3-D CODs are progressively varied from � 100% to 100%, predict only modest changes (<5%) in global mean OH concentrations. J(O 1 D), J(NO2), and OH concentrations show the strongest sensitivity for small CODs and become insensitive at large CODs owing to saturation effects. Caution should be exercised not to use in photochemical models a value for cloud single scattering albedo lower than about 0.999 in order to be consistent with the current knowledge of cloud absorption at the ultraviolet wavelengths.
Joint Energy and Spinning Reserve Market Clearing Incorporating Wind Power and Load Forecast Uncertainties

This paper proposes an energy and spinning reserve market clearing (ESRMC) mechanism for wind-thermal power system, considering uncertainties in wind power and load forecasts. Two different market models for the ESRMC are proposed. One model includes reserve offers from the conventional thermal generators, and the other includes reserve offers from both thermal generators and demand/consumers. The stochastic behavior of wind speed and wind power is represented by the Weibull probability density function (pdf), and that of the load is represented by a normal pdf. This paper considers two objectives: total cost minimization and the system-risk-level minimization. The first objective includes the cost of energy provided by thermal and wind generators, and the cost of reserves provided by thermal generators and loads. It also includes costs due to overestimation and underestimation of available wind power and load demand. The system risk level is considered as another objective as wind power is highly uncertain. Multiobjective Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2+ (SPEA 2+) has been used to solve the ESRMC problem. The results of the IEEE 30 bus system demonstrate the utility of the proposed approach.
Code alignment for architectures with pipeline group dispatching

Today's architectures exploit long pipelines in order to increase instruction-level parallelism by grouping sets of consecutive instructions and feeding them into the pipeline with the purpose of executing them in a single cycle. The IBM Power architecture executes programs by dispatching groups of instructions where a dispatch group is fed as a whole into the pipeline to be executed in a single cycle. Such architecture, however, includes many cases of pipeline delays that result from dependencies between the resources of separate groups. As a result, there is a need to optimize the code in order to help the architecture place all the instructions in such a way that will produce as few delays as possible. Optimizing the alignment and the placement of the code is therefore, crucial to the performance of the program in such architectures. We show that in some cases, without proper code alignment, performance can degrade by 40% due to the impact of code alignment on the grouping and pipeline delays. We present a new binary-level and profile-based code alignment algorithm for architectures that make use of group dispatching. We show a steady performance gain of about 2--3% for fully optimized code running on IBM Power 6 while completely eliminating performance instability which can sometimes result in up to 40% variation in performance in the absence of the proposed code alignment algorithm. As the algorithm is based on gathered profiling and applies at binary-level, it can, therefore, be used as part of existing dynamic compilers and enabled on top of the operating system at runtime.
Active stabilization of a stiff quadruped robot using local feedback

Animal locomotion exhibits all the features of complex non linear systems such as multi-stability, critical fluctuation, limit cycle behavior and chaos. Studying these aspects on real robots has been proved difficult and therefore results mostly rely on the use of computer simulation. Simple control approaches — based on phase oscillators — have been proposed and exhibit several of these features. In this work, we compare two types of controllers: (a) an open loop control approach based on phase oscillators and (b) the Tegotae-based closed loop extension of this controller. The first controller has been shown to exhibit synchronization features between the body and the controller when applied to a quadruped robot with compliant leg structures. In this contribution, we apply both controllers to the locomotion of a stiff quadruped structure. We show that the Tegotae-controller exhibits self-organizing behavior, such as spontaneous gait transition and critical fluctuation. Moreover, it exhibits features such as the ability to stabilize both asymmetric and symmetric morphological changes, despite the lack of compliance in the leg.
How Substitutable Are Workers? Evidence from Worker Deaths

The substitutability between workers within a firm, and between incumbent workers and outsiders, matters for understanding the operation of internal labor markets and the consequences of worker turnover. To assess the substitutability of workers, I estimate how exogenous worker exits affect a firm’s demand for incumbent workers and new hires. Using matched employer-employee data based on the universe of German social security records, I analyze the effects of 34,000 unexpected worker deaths and show that these worker exits on average raise the remaining workers’ wages and retention probabilities for a period of several years. These findings are difficult to reconcile with frictionless labor markets and perfect substitutability between incumbent workers and outsiders. The average effect masks substantial heterogeneity: Coworkers in the same occupation as the deceased see positive wage effects; coworkers in other occupations instead experience wage decreases when a high-skilled worker or manager dies. Thus, coworkers in the same occupation appear to be substitutes, while high-skilled workers and managers appear to be complements to coworkers in other occupations. Finally, when the external labor market in the deceased’s occupation is thin, incumbents’ wages respond more and external hiring responds less to a worker death. The results suggest that thin external markets for skills lead to higher firm-specificity of human capital and lower replaceability of incumbents.