Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Affect recognition among adolescents in therapeutic schools: relationships with posttraumatic stress disorder and conduct disorder symptoms

BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and conduct disorder (CD) symptoms often co-occur in adolescence, but little is known about whether they show common or distinct emotional processing deficits. METHOD We examined the effects of PTSD and CD symptoms on facial affect processing in youth with emotional and behavior problems. Teens enrolled in therapeutic day schools (N = 371; ages 13-19) completed a structured diagnostic assessment and the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy-2 facial affect recognition task. RESULTS PTSD symptoms were associated with deficits in the recognition of angry facial expressions, specifically the false identification of angry faces as fearful. CD symptoms were associated with greater difficulty correctly identifying sadness. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest specificity in the relationships of PTSD and CD symptoms with emotional processing.
A retrospective examination of the US Food and Drug Administration’s clinical pharmacology reviews of oncology biologics for potential use of therapeutic drug monitoring

Background Biologics have gained traction for use in oncology, but have demonstrate clinical variability for efficacy and safety. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can benefit patients’ outcomes from a biologic therapy when the latter has a defined therapeutic window. A clinically relevant therapeutic window may exist for biologics with established exposure-response (E–R) relationships for efficacy and/or safety and a documented maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Additionally, the inter-individual variability (IIV) on the clearance (CL) parameter could determine risks for patients falling outside the proposed therapeutic window. Materials and methods The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved oncology biologics between 2005–2016 were reviewed via FDA “Purple Book” (FDA-repository for licensed biologics). Data were extracted from biologics’ pharmacokinetic models available on the clinical pharmacology reviews published on the FDA-Approved Drug Products website. Evaluated features for biologics with established E–R relationships for efficacy and/or safety and MTD include an IIV for the CL and various other covariates including demographic factors, disease factors, blood chemistry, or immunogenicity. Results Five therapies were identified with documented E–R relationships for both efficacy and safety including, Yervoy®(ipilimumab), Zaltrap® (ziv-aflibercept), Portrazza® (necitumumab), Adcetris® (brentuximab-vedotin), and Blincyto® (blinatumomab). The corresponding IIV on CL were: 34%, 33%, 29%, 47%, and 97%, respectively. Among the five therapies, only three had defined MTD including, brentuximab-vedotin, necitumumab, and blinatumomab. Conclusion Of the medications examined, blinatumomab was identified as the anticancer drug with the most available information for the establishment of TDM, and hence, may benefit through the use of TDM to optimize effectiveness and minimize patients’ toxicity. The approach used here may provide a generalizable framework to retrospectively identify anticancer biologics with high IIV that may benefit from TDM to improve patients’ clinical outcome.
A study by in situ hybridization of the stage of appearance and disappearance of the transition protein 2 and the mitochondrial capsule seleno‐protein mrnas during spermatogenesis in the mouse

Transition protein 2 is a basic chromosomal protein which functions as an intermediate in the replacement of histones by protamines, and the mitochondrial capsule seleno‐protein is a constituent of the outer membrane of mitochondria which functions in constructing the mitochondrial sheath surrounding the flagellum. To determine precisely the stages in spermatogenesis when these mRNAs are present, paraffin sections of sexually mature testes were hybridized to 35S‐ and 3H‐labeled antisense RNAs and exposed to autoradiographic emulsion. The cell types hybridizing to probes in situ were determined by staining with hematoxylin and periodic acid Schiff. The in situ hybridizations reveal that the transition protein 2 mRNA is first detectable in step 7 round spermatids, persists at high levels through step 13, and is degraded before step 14. By contrast, the mitochondrial capsule seleno‐protein mRNA is first detected in step 3 round spermatids and persists at high levels until step 16, the end of spermiogenesis. The mitochondrial capsule seleno‐protein mRNA appears to be expressed only in haploid cells since low levels could not be detected in Northern blots of RNA from pachytene primary spermatocytes from 18 day prepubertal mice. These results demonstrate that the transition protein 2 and mitochondrial capsule seleno‐protein mRNAs are transcribed and degraded at different times during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychological Reactions among Family Members of Patients with Implantable Defibrillators

Objective: To describe psychological reactions among family members of patients receiving an implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) during the first 9 months after implantation. Methods: Eighty-two family members (age 56 ± 12 years, 74 percent female, 79 percent married, 88 percent Caucasian) of ICD patients completed questionnaires regarding their mood (Profile of Mood State), cognitive illness appraisals (Meaning of Illness Questionnaire) and coping strategies (Jalowiec Coping Scale) prior to ICD implantation, and as well as 1 and 9 months postoperatively. Results: Total mood disturbance score (TMD), threat appraisal, and emotion- and problem-focused coping were highest prior to ICD implantation, and decreased during the first postoperative month showing stable values thereafter. There was no change in challenge appraisal. Multiple regression analysis found that the use of psychotropic drugs (anxiolytics, sedatives; Beta = .25), emotion-focused coping (Beta = .37), and challenge appraisal (Beta = .21) at 1 month accounted for 26 percent of variance in TMD at 9 months. Conclusion: A spouse's ICD implantation is a major stressful event for family members leading to a diminished mood state prior ICD implantation. Reduction in emotion-focused coping and the use of challenge appraisal may improve mood state in family members of ICD patients during early follow-up.
Analysis of students' behavior in the process of operating system experiments

Operating system (OS) experiments consolidate the understanding of the OS concepts and cultivate good engineering practices. Major challenges, however, including large class sizes, diverse software versions, and timely identification of difficulties from lab reports, hurt teaching quality. To address these, we designed an integrated environment to support OS experiments and automated the release and testing of lab code. The environment helped students to write, debug, and run code, and it collected their behavior data. These data included login hours and frequency, commands executed, files opened, and the code submission frequency. We found through analyzing the data a lack of preliminary knowledge in some students. Extra instructions and extended deadlines helped them master the subjects. For some students, the files read indicated the lack of attention to some most relevant system architecture code. This finding allowed us to provide targeted and specific help. Other data revealed an interesting “lab 2” phenomenon where the behavioral difference between the competent and average students was much more pronounced for lab 2 than that for lab 1. The data showed that login hours and frequency and log size correlated positively but submission frequency correlated negatively with grades. Analysis of students' behavior data allowed us to realize continuous improvements in the experiment process. 62% of the 152 students completed four labs and 46% all six, a significant improvement over the last semester.
Linking Transformational Leadership, Absorptive Capacity, and Corporate Entrepreneurship

This study aims to analyze the nexus between transformational leadership and corporate entrepreneurship through an integration of dispersed scholarly work on transformational leadership, absorptive capacity, and corporate entrepreneurship under one framework. A survey method was employed for the collection of data from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of Pakistan. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) technique to empirically test the hypotheses. The results demonstrate that transformational leadership positively affects corporate entrepreneurship and its dimensions—namely, innovation, new business venturing, self-renewal, proactivity, and risk-taking—both directly and through absorptive capacity. The potential of transformational leadership to influence corporate entrepreneurship via absorptive capacity added additional interesting substitutes. Future studies may produce novel insights by examining different leadership styles, settings, or utilizing qualitative technique. Firms should invest to initiate transformational leadership training programs for their managers. Additionally, if these firms are aiming to promote corporate entrepreneurship, they should focus on hiring managers that have attributes of transformational leadership. Furthermore, they should also invest in absorptive capacity to utilize outside knowledge for the enhancement of entrepreneurial activities. This study exploits research work on the relationship between transformational leadership and corporate entrepreneurship in a novel way; it investigates the dimensions of entrepreneurship individually, as well as unidimensionally, and includes the mediating role of absorptive capacity and tests several other hypotheses that previously have been ignored. This study, compared to the existing research, contributes to the impact of transformational leadership on corporate entrepreneurship and absorptive capacity, especially in Pakistan’s business settings.
Stochastic population forecasts for the United States: beyond high, medium, and low.

"This article presents and implements a new method for making stochastic population forecasts that provide consistent probability intervals. We blend mathematical demography and statistical time series methods to estimate stochastic models of fertility and mortality based on U.S. data back to 1900 and then use the theory of random-matrix products to forecast various demographic measures and their associated probability intervals to the year 2065. Our expected total population sizes agree quite closely with the Census medium projections, and our 95 percent probability intervals are close to the Census high and low scenarios. But Census intervals in 2065 for ages 65+ are nearly three times as broad as ours, and for 85+ are nearly twice as broad. In contrast, our intervals for the total dependency and youth dependency ratios are more than twice as broad as theirs, and our ratio for the elderly dependency ratio is 12 times as great as theirs. These items have major implications for policy, and these contrasting indications of uncertainty clearly show the limitations of the conventional scenario-based methods. "
T‐type amino acid transporter TAT1 (Slc16a10) is essential for extracellular aromatic amino acid homeostasis control

• The amino acid (AA) transporter TAT1 (Slc16A10) mediates facilitated diffusion of aromatic AAs (AAAs) across membranes. • TAT1 null mice lack liver control of AAAs and display altered epithelial AA transport. • The data support the hypothesis that equilibrative transport of essential AAs by TAT1 is crucial for body AA homeostasis control.
Effect of serostatus for hepatitis C virus on mortality among antiretrovirally naive HIV-positive patients

Background: We examined the effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) seropositivity on risk of death among people receiving their first antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV infection. Methods: In British Columbia, the HIV/ AIDS Drug Treatment Program is the only source of free ART. Patients who initiated a triple-drug ART regimen between July 31, 1996, and July 31, 2000, were included if they were ART-naive and had baseline HCV serological data. Outcomes of interest for survival analysis were deaths from natural and HIV-related causes, with a data cutoff of June 30, 2003. Results: Of 1186 eligible subjects, 606 (51%) were HCV positive and 580, negative. Fewer HCV-positive people were male (78% v. 93%, p < 0.001) and had an AIDS diagnosis at baseline (11% v. 15%, p = 0.028). Their CD4 fraction was significantly higher at baseline (19% v. 16% of T lymphocytes, p < 0.001) but their absolute CD4 counts, log HIV viral load and the type of ART initiated were similar to those of HCV negative people. Of 163 deaths (from natural causes only) during the study period, 118 (19%) were in HCV positive and 45 (8%) in HCV negative patients (p < 0.001); of the 114 deaths attributed to HIV infection, these proportions were 79 (13%) versus 35 (6%; p < 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, HCV seropositivity remained predictive of death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50– 3.21, p < 0.001), especially HIV-related death (adjusted HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.13– 2.72, p = 0.012). Interpretation: In this population-based HIV treatment program, we found HCV seropositivity to be an independent predictor of mortality, especially death related to HIV infection.
The Concentration-Dependent Effects of General Anesthesia on Spontaneous Baroreflex Indices and Their Correlations with Pharmacological Gains

Beat-to-beat assessment of spontaneously occurring fluctuations in heart rate and arterial blood pressure allows noninvasive determination of cardiovagal function, but little is known regarding the effects of general anesthesia on spontaneous baroreflex (SBR) indices. We examined (a) concentration-dependent effects of sevoflurane on SBR indices, heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure variability and (b) correlation and agreement between pharmacological baroreflex gains and SBR indices during sevoflurane anesthesia. Continuous electrocardiogram and invasive arterial blood pressure were monitored in nine healthy volunteers before, during, and for 3 h after sevoflurane anesthesia, during which end-tidal sevoflurane was maintained at 0.7%, 1.4%, and 2.0% in random sequences. We derived three SBR indices (sequence method, α-index, and low-frequency transfer function) and compared them with pressor and depressor test gains by the pharmacological method. HRV and blood pressure variability were analyzed at a fixed respiratory rate (12 breaths/min) in awake and anesthetized conditions. Except for low-frequency transfer function, SBR indices were depressed by sevoflurane and remained depressed for 30 min after emergence from anesthesia, compared with the conscious baseline value. Spontaneous sequence indices and high- and low-frequency powers of HRV demonstrated concentration-dependent depression. Pharmacological gains and SBR indices during anesthesia generally correlated well, but Bland-Altman analysis revealed that SBR indices had limits of agreement as large as the baroreflex gain itself. These data suggest that spontaneous indices are inadequate estimates of, and are inconsistent with, the pharmacological baroreflex gain during sevoflurane anesthesia.
Revitalisasi Pendidikan Cinta Tanah Air di Pondok Pesantren Darul Ihsan Menganti Gresik

Education patriotism at Pondok Pesantren Menganti Gresik, especially Darul Ihsan Menganti has been very intense to be done. Pondok Pesantren Darul Ihsan Menganti covered education of Play Group, Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Madrasah Tsanawiah, Madrasah Aliyah, Vocational High School and Islamic College of Al-Azhar. The aim of this resesarch was to know how the application of the education patriotism and its implications for the daily life of Santri. The research used qualitative methods. In collecting data the researhcer used observation, interview and documentation. The results showed that the application of education patriotism at Pondok Pesantren Darul Ihsan divided into categories, namely the application of formal and informal education. And there were ongoing implications for the santri's daily life such as mutual cooperation in positive terms and commemorating the national day Key words: Education Patriotism, Pondok Pesantren, Revitalization of Education Patriotism
Influence of Learning Design of the Formation of Online Communities of Learning

This paper presents the findings of a study on a fully online Bachelor’s level course in Health Sciences at a European University conducted to explore the influence of learning design on the formation and evolution of different types of communities of learning. The impetus for the study came from the well-established effectiveness of community-based learning, a need for understanding learning design and analytics within networked structures and, the lack of theoretical grounding for social network analysis (SNA) in previous literature. Our study uses the Integrated Methodological Framework (IMF) which employs SNA as the key methodology for exploring community-based learning in light of the Communities of Practice (CoP) and Community of Inquiry (CoI) frameworks. The course comprised of three differently designed successive discussion forums spanning three weeks each. Network diagrams and SNA measures clearly showed the impact of the different learning designs on student engagement in the discussion forums. Based on CoP and CoI structural components within the IMF, a comparative analysis of whole-network properties of the three networks indicated the formation of a CoP, initiated and mediated by the tutor in discussion 1, sustained by the students in discussion 2, and disintegrated due to lack of guidance and facilitation in discussion 3. Qualitative analysis on the content of discussion posts revealed the importance of group oriented messages in the formation of the CoP. The paper discusses findings in terms of implications for learning design and analytics in online learning and the role of the tutor in community formation.
The Identification and Structure of the Membrane-spanning Domain of the Clostridium septicum Alpha Toxin*

Alpha toxin (AT) is a pore-forming toxin produced by Clostridium septicum that belongs to the unique aerolysin-like family of pore-forming toxins. The location and structure of the transmembrane domains of these toxins have remained elusive. Using deletion mutagenesis, cysteine-scanning mutagenesis and multiple spectrofluorimetric methods a membrane-spanning amphipathic β-hairpin of AT has been identified. Spectrofluorimetric analysis of cysteine-substituted residues modified with an environmentally sensitive fluorescent probe via the cysteine sulfydryl showed that the side chains of residues 203-232 alternated between the aqueous milieu and the membrane core when the AT oligomer was inserted into membranes, consistent with the formation of an amphipathic transmembrane β-hairpin. AT derivatives that contained deletions that removed up to 90% of the β-hairpin did not form a pore but were similar to native toxin in all other aspects of the mechanism. Furthermore, a mutant of AT that contained an engineered disulfide, predicted to restrict the movement of the β-hairpin, functioned similarly to native toxin except that it did not form a pore unless the disulfide bond was reduced. Together these studies revealed the location and structure of the membrane-spanning domain of AT.
Multiple Regulatory Elements in the Arabidopsis NIA1 Promoter Act Synergistically to Form a Nitrate Enhancer1[W][OA]

To accommodate fluctuating nutrient levels in the soil, plants modulate their metabolism and root development via signaling mechanisms that rapidly reprogram the plant transcriptome. In the case of nitrate, over 1,000 genes are induced or repressed within minutes of nitrate exposure. To identify cis-regulatory elements that mediate these responses, an enhancer screen was performed in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. A 1.8-kb promoter fragment from the nitrate reductase gene NIA1 was identified that acts as a nitrate enhancer when fused to a 35S minimal promoter. Enhancer activity was localized to a 180-bp fragment, and this activity could be enhanced by the addition of a 131-bp fragment from the nitrite reductase promoter. A promoter construct containing the 180- and 131-bp fragments was also induced by nitrite and repressed by ammonium, indicating that it was responsive to multiple nitrogen signals. To identify specific regulatory elements within the 180-bp NIA1 fragment, a transient expression system using agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana was developed. Deletion analysis identified three elements corresponding to predicted binding motifs for homeodomain/E-box, Myb, and Alfin1 transcription factors. A fully active promoter showing nitrate and nitrite enhancer activity equivalent to that of the wild-type 180-bp fragment could be built from these three elements if the spacing between the homeodomain/E-box and Myb-Alfin1 sites was equivalent to that of the native promoter. These findings were validated in transgenic Arabidopsis plants and identify a cis-regulatory module containing three elements that comprise a nitrate enhancer in the NIA1 promoter.
Independent joint learning in practice: Local error estimates to improve inverse dynamics control

Independent Joint Learning (IJL) was recently introduced as a learning-based approach to account for inverse dynamics (ID) model errors. The fundamental idea is to combine an ID model with learned torque error estimators that only rely on joint-local information. This approach improves task-to-task generalization and reduces learning times as each torque error estimators depends only on the state of a single joint instead of the global configuration. Herein, we adapt the IJL method to a real robotic platform, namely the COMAN compliant humanoid robot. We test the algorithm under different loading conditions in open and closed loop control (PD, forward non-linear control, and ID control). In our implementation, IJL becomes a flexible component that fits in between the output of an existing computed-torque controller and low-level motor drivers. Our results show that IJL reduces torque estimation errors in the open loop case and improves tracking performance in the closed loop case. Under varying loading conditions, IJL's performance is on par with and in some cases exceeds the adapted model (i.e. a modified ID model with updated inertial parameters). Finally, the compartmented design and limited number of assumptions of the algorithm allow it to be easily integrated into existing platforms.
Atrial natriuretic factor inhibits mitogen‐induced growth in aortic smooth muscle cells

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a polypeptide able to affect cardiovascular homeostasis exhibiting diuretic, natriuretic, and vasorelaxant activities. ANF shows antimitogenic effects in different cell types acting through R2 receptor. Excessive proliferation of smooth muscle cells is a common phenomenon in diseases such as atherosclerosis, but the role of growth factors in the mechanism which modulate this process has yet to be clarified. The potential antimitogenic role of ANF on the cell growth induced by growth factors appears very intriguing. Aim of the present study was to investigate the possible involvement of ANF on rat aortic smooth muscle (RASM) cells proliferation induced by known mitogens and the mechanism involved. Our data show that ANF, at physiological concentration range, inhibits RASM cell proliferation induced by known mitogens such as PDGF and insulin, and the effect seems to be elicited through the modulation of phosphatidic acid (PA) production and MAP kinases involvement. J. Cell. Physiol. 193: 103–109, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.