Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Approach of Casting Aluminium Alloy Bar by Applying Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field

Aluminum is the richest metallic element in the earth, the ingots cast by DC casting process are usually extruded into aluminum bars. When the final products do not require high strength, this process appears to be low efficiency and high cost. We try to design a new technology to cast aluminum bar by horizontal direct chill (HDC) casting process directly. An electromagnetic field is applied during the horizontal continuous casting of 6061 aluminium bar with a diameter of 30mm. The experimental results show the asymmetry of the sump can be overcome by electromagnetic field. Ingot with good upper and lower surface quality is obtained. The structure of ingot is refined and the angle between growth direction and horizontal direction becomes small with increasing casting speed.
Semantic P2P Network for Healthcare

Sharing of information is an important topic for healthcare. Traditionally, information sharing uses client/server technology, but it has many shortcomings in the cases of huge number of users and huge amount of data. P2P technology is now considered as the suitable computing model to the above cases. There are mainly two types of P2P technologies --the unstructured approach and the structured approach based on Distributed Hash Table (DHT). However, these two kinds of P2P approaches do not care about the semantic meaning of the nodes. They do not care about the nodes whose users may take different roles in social groups in the communities. This leads to lack of powerful solutions for selecting healthcare information by complicated conditions. Here, we present a semantic P2P Network-- Virtual Hierarchical Tree Gird Organizations (VIRGO) for healthcare to solve the above problem. It has aspects of decentralization, scalability and availability.In the semantic P2P network (VIRGO) for healthcare, the information of healthcare is classified into hierarchical domains. One computer node holds the healthcare information of one domain. The nodes construct the VIRGO network according to the domains of their contents. Therefore, the users (such patients, doctors, hospitals, academic institutes, etc) are involved in the semantic P2P network, and can connect directly in peer to peer ways and share information and knowledge directly. It can discover the complicated healthcare information, users, agents, companies, and so on by SQL-like statements.
Dry etching process in Gunn diode technology

Recent advances in 94-GHz Gunn diode technology are reported. Reactive ion etching (RIE) has been used for mesa processing instead of FeCl/sub 3/ photochemical InP etching. I(V) measurements performed on diodes of 50- mu m diameter in both cases are similar. The on-wafer saturation current homogeneity is enhanced when RIE is performed. A smaller dispersion (3% compared to 7-15%) on the saturation current is obtained when RIE is used. CW (continuous wave) microwave power performances are quite identical. 62-mW diodes oscillate at 94 GHz with 1.9% efficiency. <<ETX>>
Modeling the performance of wireless sensor networks

A critical issue in wireless sensor networks is represented by the limited availability of energy within network nodes; therefore making good use of energy is a must. A widely employed energy-saving technique is to place nodes in sleep mode, corresponding to a low-power consumption as well as to reduced operational capabilities. In this work, we develop a Markov model of a sensor network whose nodes may enter a sleep mode, and we use this model to investigate the system performance in terms of energy consumption, network capacity, and data deliver delay. Furthermore, the proposed model enables us to investigate the trade-offs existing between these performance metrics and the sensor dynamics in sleep/active mode. Analytical results present an excellent matching with simulation results for a large variety of system scenarios showing the accuracy of our approach.
Rapid touch-stimulated movement in the androgynophore of Passiflora flowers (subgen. Decaloba; Sect. Xerogona)

Plant touch-sensitive organs have been described since Darwin’s observations and are related to a quick response to environment stimuli. Sensitive flower organs have been associated to an increase in the chances of cross pollination but there are few studies regarding this topic. Here we describe for the first time the kinetic of the androgynophore movement of 4 Passiflora species (P. sanguinolenta, P. citrina, P. capsularis, and P. rubra). For that, we collected flowers and recorded the movement after mechano-stimulating the androgynophore. From the recordings, we described the movement regarding its response and sensibility to mechanical stimulus and calculated the duration, speed, and the angle formed by the androgynophore before and after the movement. From our data we were able to propose a link to the pollination habit of these species. The movement of the androgynophore in these Passiflora is a noteworthy floral feature that might lead us to another astonishing example of a mechanism that evolved among angiosperms to assure sexual reproduction.
Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for Phyllostachys edulis (Poaceae), an important bamboo species in China

Premise of the study: Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for Phyllostachys edulis (Poaceae), an ecologically and economically important bamboo species in China, to evaluate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of P. edulis and other Phyllostachys species. Methods and Results: Twenty microsatellite markers were developed and their polymorphisms were tested on 71 samples from three geographically disparate populations. Each locus exhibited between two and 10 alleles with an average of five alleles. Excluding monomorphic loci, observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from zero to one and from 0.041 to 0.676, respectively. Conclusions: These 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci will be useful for studies on the molecular ecology, population genetics, and conservation of P. edulis.
A robust multilateral shared controller for dual-user teleoperation systems

This paper proposes a force-position multilateral shared control architecture for dual-user teleoperation systems that is robust stable to uncertainties in userspsila hand dynamics, environment impedance and userspsila dominance over the task. The proposed controller is evaluated for intermittent contact for different levels of dominance of the users over the task using dynamic simulations.
Foam injection molding of poly(lactic) acid: Effect of back pressure on morphology and mechanical properties

Foam injection molding is a processing technology applied to produce a plastic part of a well-defined shape, containing a significant fraction of voids and thus consuming less material without sacrificing mechanical properties. This technology is particularly interesting for biodegradable polymers and in particular for poly(lactic acid), PLA, since it can be adopted to save material and to avoid thermal degradation due to its high viscosity at high shear rates, which requires high temperatures in traditional injection molding process. In this work a traditional injection molding machine, modified just in the cylinder to allow the gas injection, was adopted to obtain foam injection molding of a PLA grade. In particular, the effect of back pressure on foaming was assessed. Back pressure is the pressure imposed at the back of the screw when it is returning back to prepare a new amount of material to be injected (batching phase) and thus is particularly relevant in the formation of the polymer−gas mixture. It was shown that on increasing the back pressure the percentage of foaming agent inside the injection chamber is smaller, and thus foaming is less effective. The obtained samples were characterized as far as density and mechanical properties are concerned and it was found that it was possible to reduce the density of about 25% without a significant loss of mechanical properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42612.
Life Impairments in Adults With Medication-Treated ADHD

Objective: In developing psychosocial approaches to augment outcomes for medication-treated adults with ADHD, it is important to understand what types of life-impairments are most affected by continued ADHD symptoms that occur despite medication treatment. This may assist in delineating targets for interventions, as well as assessments of functional outcomes that are sensitive to change in this population. Method: The sample consists of 105 adults with ADHD presenting for entry into clinical trials of CBT for residual ADHD. Life impairments are rated by a clinician using the LIFE-RIFT, which has subscales for work impairment, interpersonal impairment, life-satisfaction, and recreation, ADHD symptoms using the ADHD Rating Scale, overall ADHD severity using the clinical global impression, and associated distress using the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales. Results: The most problematic impairments are in the domain of work, followed by interpersonal. Generally, the subscales of the LIFE-RIFT are associated, at the bivariate level, with all 4 symptom indices. Work and interpersonal impairments are uniquely associated with overall severity of ADHD symptoms using both the CGI and the ADHD Rating Scale. However interpersonal and life-satisfaction impairments are uniquely associated with depression, and life-satisfaction is uniquely associated with anxiety. Conclusion: In medication-treated adults with ADHD, work and interpersonal impairments appear to be the most problematic areas of life-impairment, which are uniquely associated with ADHD severity. Life-satisfaction appears to be uniquely associated with distress as defined by anxiety and depression symptoms, with interpersonal impairments also playing a role. Psychosocial treatments for medication treated adults should target work and interpersonal domains and should include skills for managing associated distress.
Humans permanently occupied the Andean highlands by at least 7 ka

High-elevation environments above 2500 metres above sea level (m.a.s.l.) were among the planet's last frontiers of human colonization. Research on the speed and tempo of this colonization process is active and holds implications for understanding rates of genetic, physiological and cultural adaptation in our species. Permanent occupation of high-elevation environments in the Andes Mountains of South America tentatively began with hunter–gatherers around 9 ka according to current archaeological estimates, though the timing is currently debated. Recent observations on the archaeological site of Soro Mik'aya Patjxa (8.0–6.5 ka), located at 3800 m.a.s.l. in the Andean Altiplano, offer an opportunity to independently test hypotheses for early permanent use of the region. This study observes low oxygen (δ18O) and high carbon (δ13C) isotope values in human bone, long travel distances to low-elevation zones, variable age and sex structure in the human population and an absence of non-local lithic materials. These independent lines of evidence converge to support a model of permanent occupation of high elevations and refute logistical and seasonal use models. The results constitute the strongest empirical support to date for permanent human occupation of the Andean highlands by hunter–gatherers before 7 ka.
Quantitative characterization of second-phase particles by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

Abstract It is demonstrated that the surface analysing methods atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can be used to determine accurately the average radius r and the volume fraction f of fine (r ≈ 100nm) spherical particles of secondary phases. Moreover the distribution function of the radii of individual particles can be accurately established by AFM and SEM. This has been exemplified for γ′-precipitates in the commercial nickel-based superalloy Nimonic PE16. AFM images have to be corrected for two effects: firstly, for the finite size of the tip and, secondly, for the attack of the γ′ particles by the polishing agent. Owing to this latter effect the radii of curvature of the caps of the γ′ particles protruding from the surface of the specimen differ from the true radii of the γ′ particles. The results for f and r obtained by AFM and SEM are in excellent agreement with those gained by transmission electron microscopy.
Compressive sensing network inference with multiple-description fusion estimation

We have previously introduced Multiple Description Fusion Estimation (MDFE) framework that partitions a large-scale Under-Determined Linear Inverse (UDLI) problem into smaller sub-problems that can be solved independently and in parallel. The resulting estimates, referred to as multiple descriptions, can then be fused together to compute the global estimate. In this paper, we extend MDFE framework to make it compatible with Compressive Sensing (CS) network inference, where the attributes of interests (i.e. unknowns) are fluctuating rapidly over time and/or space. For this purpose, we propose a new clustering based technique to intelligently divide a large-scale compressive sensing problem into smaller sub-problems where observations between sub-spaces contain redundancy. We apply this new framework, referred to as Compressive Sensing MDFE (CS-MDFE), to three classical inference problems in networking: traffic matrix estimation, traffic matrix completion, and loss inference. Using real topologies and traces, we demonstrate how CS-MDFE can improve the estimation accuracy and speed up computation time, and how it enhances robustness against noise and failures. We also show that this framework is compatible with different CS inference techniques.
Habituation of the responsiveness of mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine transmission to taste stimuli

The presentation of novel, remarkable, and unpredictable tastes increases dopamine (DA) transmission in different DA terminal areas such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and core and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), as estimated by in vivo microdialysis studies in rats. This effect undergoes adaptive regulation, as there is a decrease in DA responsiveness after a single pre-exposure to the same taste. This phenomenon termed habituation has been described as peculiar to NAc shell but not to NAc core and mPFC DA transmission. On this basis, it has been proposed that mPFC DA codes for generic motivational stimulus value and, together with the NAc core DA, is more consistent with a role in the expression of motivation. Conversely, NAc shell DA is specifically activated by unfamiliar or novel taste stimuli and rewards, and might serve to associate the sensory properties of the rewarding stimulus with its biological effect (Bassareo etal., 2002; Di Chiara etal., 2004). Notably, habituation of the DA response to intraoral sweet or bitter tastes is not associated with a reduction in hedonic or aversive taste reactions, thus indicating that habituation is unrelated to satiety-induced hedonic devaluation and that it is not influenced by DA alteration or depletion. This mini-review describes specific circumstances of disruption of the habituation of NAc shell DA responsiveness (De Luca etal., 2011; Bimpisidis etal., 2013). In particular, we observed an abolishment of NAc shell DA habituation to chocolate (sweet taste) by morphine sensitization and mPFC 6-hydroxy-dopamine hydrochloride (6-OHDA) lesion. Moreover, morphine sensitization was associated with the appearance of the habituation in the mPFC, and with an increased and delayed response of NAc core DA to taste in naive rats, but not in pre-exposed animals. The results here described shed light on the mechanism of the habituation phenomenon of mesolimbic and mesocortical DA transmission, and its putative role as a marker of cortical dysfunction in specific conditions such as addiction.
Changes Found on Run-in and Scuffed Surfaces of Steel Chrome Plate, and Cast Iron

A study was made of run-in and scuffed steel, chrome-plate, and cast-iron surfaces. X-ray and electron diffraction techniques, micro-hardness determinations, and microscopy were used. Surface changes varied and were found to include three classes: chemical reaction, hardening, and crystallite-size alteration. The principal chemical reactions were oxidation and carburization.
Verb Temporality Analysis using Reichenbach’s Tense System

This paper presents the analysis process of verb temporality using Reichenbach’s tense system, a language-independent system which describes tense as relations among linguistic and extralinguistic temporal entities. Several difficulties arise from the deep analysis required for classification into Reichenbach’s categories. They regard establishing the logical sequence of clauses in the skeletal structure of the discourse, and modeling the behavior of temporal markers according to this sequence. A dependency clause anchoring algorithm is then proposed and compared to other anchoring methods, and sequential supervised learning is used for abstracting surrounding context in order to determine temporal marker behavior. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is able to better abstract verb temporality than statistical ones, suggesting that analytical interlingual translation can complement existing SMT techniques by providing an additional layer of semantic information.
Body composition and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 1 , 2

Background: Survival studies have consistently shown significantly greater mortality rates in underweight and normal-weight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than in overweight and obese COPD patients. Objective: To compare the contributions of low fat-free mass and low fat mass to mortality, we assessed the association between body composition and mortality in COPD. Design: We studied 412 patients with moderate-to-severe COPD [Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD) stages II–IV, forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 36 14% of predicted (range: 19–70%). Body composition was assessed by using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance. Body mass index, fat-free mass index, fat mass index, and skeletal muscle index were calculated and related to recently developed reference values. COPD patients were stratified into defined categories of tissue-depletion pattern. Overall mortality was assessed at the end of follow-up. Results: Semistarvation and muscle atrophy were equally distributed among disease stages, but the highest prevalence of cachexia was seen in GOLD stage IV. Forty-six percent of the patients (n 189) died during a maximum follow-up of 5 y. Cox regression models, with and without adjustment for disease severity, showed that fat-free mass index (relative risk: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.96; P 0.003) was an independent predictor of survival, but fat mass index was not. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression plots for cachexia and muscle atrophy did not differ significantly. Conclusions: Fat-free mass is an independent predictor of mortality irrespective of fat mass. This study supports the inclusion of bodycomposition assessment as a systemic marker of disease severity in COPD staging. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:53–9.
Selective reporting of outcomes in randomised controlled trials in systematic reviews of cystic fibrosis

Background Outcome reporting bias (ORB) in randomised trials has been identified as a threat to the validity of systematic reviews. Previous work highlighting this problem is limited to considering a single primary review outcome. The aim of this study was to assess ORB across all efficacy outcomes in the Cochrane systematic reviews of cystic fibrosis. Methods Systematic reviews of interventions for cystic fibrosis published on the Cochrane Library by the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group before 2010 were assessed for discrepancies in outcomes between review protocol and full review. ORB in eligible trials was also assessed for all efficacy review outcomes. Two authors independently classified each outcome using a nine-point classification system developed by the Outcome Reporting Bias In Trials study. These classifications were used to inform the assessment of the risk of bias for selective outcome reporting for each trial. Results –46 Cochrane cystic fibrosis systematic reviews were included. The median number of primary outcomes, number of trials and participants per trial in the reviews were 3 (IQR 2, 3), 4 (IQR 2, 8) and 21 (IQR 14, 41), respectively. 18 reviews (39%, 18/46) had a discrepancy in outcomes between protocol and full review. 37 reviews were eligible to be included in the ORB assessment. When considering review primary outcomes and all review outcomes, ORB was suspected in at least one trial in 86% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions Assessment of ORB within a systematic review of a single primary outcome underestimates the risk of ORB in comparison to the assessment of multiple primary and secondary outcomes. ORB in trials is highly prevalent within systematic reviews of cystic fibrosis when assessed across all outcomes. This could be reduced by the development of a core outcome set for trials and systematic reviews in cystic fibrosis.
Posterior Cramér-Rao lower bound for mobile emitter tracking based on a TDOA-FDOA multi-measurement model

Tracking a mobile radio emitter in a high clutter environment with low signal to noise ratio is a challenging task due to high miss detection and false alarm rates in the joint time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) estimation procedure. To increase the probability of detection, multiple TDOA-FDOA measurements from a number of peaks in the cross ambiguity function (CAF) are collected. In this paper, the posterior Cramér-Rao lower bound (PCRLB) based on such a multi-measurement model is derived. Different hypotheses are assigned to the measurement set and the prior probability of each hypothesis is defined. The Fisher information matrix (FIM) is computed based on the likelihood of a combination of all these hypotheses. As such, the proposed PCRLB is able to take the information from miss detection and false alarm as well as the target into account. It is therefore more accurate and more attainable than the bound derived from the single measurement extracted from the largest peak of the CAF. Tracking performance via particle filtering is employed to validate the derived performance bound.