Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hard real-time preemptively scheduling with high context switch cost

One of the most important aspects in the development of real-time systems is the scheduling policy to guarantee the response time of a task with timing constraints. Some real-time scheduling techniques use the advantage of stack scheduler properties to bound the number of context switches. In general purpose real-time systems, the context switch does not introduce a significant overhead in the system execution, so their importance in the analysis is not relevant. However, in some applications such as multimedia where the tasks exhibit a very high context switch cost, their importance could be crucial. In this case, the context switch is mainly due to the latency time of the I/O devices. In this paper, an analytic model is presented to calculate off-line the number of preemptions which a set of periodic tasks suffer, scheduled by a static (Rate Monotonic, Deadline Monotonic) and a dynamic (Earliest Deadline First) scheduler. Moreover, the necessary and sufficient conditions to construct a task set in which a subset will never be preempted being scheduled under the scheduling policies described is shown. Finally, an evaluation and comparison of both approaches is developed.
Distribution and dynamics of Lamp1-containing endocytic organelles in fibroblasts deficient in BLOC-3

Late endosomes and lysosomes of mammalian cells in interphase tend to concentrate in the perinuclear region that harbors the microtubule-organizing center. We have previously reported abnormal distribution of these organelles – as judged by reduced percentages of cells displaying pronounced perinuclear accumulation – in mutant fibroblasts lacking BLOC-3 (for `biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 3'). BLOC-3 is a protein complex that contains the products of the genes mutated in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome types 1 and 4. Here, we developed a method based on image analysis to estimate the extent of organelle clustering in the perinuclear region of cultured cells. Using this method, we corroborated that the perinuclear clustering of late endocytic organelles containing Lamp1 (for `lysosome-associated membrane protein 1') is reduced in BLOC-3-deficient murine fibroblasts, and found that it is apparently normal in fibroblasts deficient in BLOC-1 or BLOC-2, which are another two protein complexes associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Wild-type and mutant fibroblasts were transfected to express human LAMP1 fused at its cytoplasmic tail to green fluorescence protein (GFP). At low expression levels, LAMP1-GFP was targeted correctly to late endocytic organelles in both wild-type and mutant cells. High levels of LAMP1-GFP overexpression elicited aberrant aggregation of late endocytic organelles, a phenomenon that probably involved formation of anti-parallel dimers of LAMP1-GFP as it was not observed in cells expressing comparable levels of a non-dimerizing mutant variant, LAMP1-mGFP. To test whether BLOC-3 plays a role in the movement of late endocytic organelles, time-lapse fluorescence microscopy experiments were performed using live cells expressing low levels of LAMP1-GFP or LAMP1-mGFP. Although active movement of late endocytic organelles was observed in both wild-type and mutant fibroblasts, quantitative analyses revealed a relatively lower frequency of microtubule-dependent movement events, either towards or away from the perinuclear region, within BLOC-3-deficient cells. By contrast, neither the duration nor the speed of these microtubule-dependent events seemed to be affected by the lack of BLOC-3 function. These results suggest that BLOC-3 function is required, directly or indirectly, for optimal attachment of late endocytic organelles to microtubule-dependent motors.
'Providing more scaffolding': parenting a child with developmental co-ordination disorder, a hidden disability.

BACKGROUND Few studies exist reporting the experiences of parents of children with developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD) a common disorder with a prevalence of 1.8-6%. DCD is characterized by poor motor co-ordination, not caused by a general medical condition, but significantly affecting daily living. This study explores the experiences of parents living with a child with DCD in obtaining a diagnosis; the impact of the diagnosis on parenting and the effect on parents as individuals. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 15 parents of children with DCD data were recorded and then transcribed. Data were analysed using a coding framework and themes identified similar to Attride-Stirling (2001, Qualitative Research, 1, 385-405). FINDINGS DCD was an all-encompassing condition that dominated all aspects of family life and was a 'hidden disability'. Parents were frustrated by the poor knowledge and expertise of health and education professionals working with children with DCD and the lack of good quality accessible information and support services. Parents became by default the 'expert' on DCD for schools and other services; they were advocates for DCD and their own children. They provided additional support for longer to their child with DCD and had concerns for their future. Parenting a child with DCD was frustrating, exhausting, guilt-ridden as well as rewarding. There was little available time to provide for the needs of other family members. CONCLUSION A better-trained, knowledgeable workforce would redress the balance for families with DCD by providing better information, support and advocacy freeing parents to parent their families.
In Vivo Kinetics of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplanted into the Knee Joint in a Rat Model Using a Novel Magnetic Method of Localization

We have developed a magnetic system for targeting cells in minimally invasive cell transplantation. Magnetically labeled MSCs (m‐MSCs) with nanoscale iron particles can be guided into the desired region by magnetic force from an extracorporeal device. We reported that magnetic targeting of m‐MSCs enhances cartilage repair in a mini‐pig model. However, the detailed kinetics of these magnetically targeted m‐MSCs remain unknown. For clinical use, this aspect should be clarified from a safety standpoint. We therefore investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of the fluorescently‐labeled m‐MSCs transplanted into the knee joint using in vivo fluorescence combined with three‐dimensional computed tomographic imaging in a rat model. Although the intraarticularly injected m‐MSCs were spread throughout the joint cavity in the absence of magnetic force, the magnetic force caused the injected m‐MSCs to accumulate around the chondral lesion. Further examinations including ex vivo imaging, histological assessments and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that transplanted MSCs were not present in any major organs after intraarticular administration, regardless of magnetic targeting. Our data suggest that m‐MSCs can be accumulated efficiently into a chondral lesion using our magnetic targeting system, while none of the intraarticularly transplanted MSCs migrate to other major organs.
Prediction of awakening from hypothermic postanoxic coma based on auditory discrimination

Most of the available clinical tests for prognosis of postanoxic coma are informative of poor outcome. Previous work has shown that an improvement in auditory discrimination over the first days of coma is predictive of awakening. Here, we aimed at evaluating this test on a large cohort of patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia and at investigating its added value on existing clinical measures.
Stability Analysis of LCL-Type Grid-Connected Inverter Under Single-Loop Inverter-Side Current Control With Capacitor Voltage Feedforward

When single-loop inverter-side current control is used in the LCL-type inverters, there may be more than one stable region with regard to computation delay in control path. The system is stable if computation delay is small enough, but it, named as the first stable region, may be too narrow to finish the control codes in high-frequency system. On the other hand, the second stable region is highly sensitive to the grid impedance variation and is hardly applicable in weak grids. To deal with the situation, this paper investigates the influence of the capacitor voltage feedforward on the system stability considering flexible computation delay in feedforward path. It is found that the capacitor voltage feedforward is able to suppress the resonance of the LCL filter. However, a new resonance may arise if computation delay is not carefully handled. The influence of computation delay in both forward path and feedforward path on system stability is systematically analyzed. The analytical results show that after applying feedforward control with optimized delay, the system stability is greatly improved and is not sensitive to the grid impedance variation. The simulation and experiment results verify the analytical results.
AKUNTABILITAS PENGELOLAAN ALOKASI DANA DESA DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PEMBANGUNAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT

This research focuses attention on accountability in the management of Village Funds Allocation (ADD) in efforts to improve the development of the village and community empowerment. This research is expected to be useful in efforts to improve the accountability of the management of Village Funds Allocation. The results of this research showed that the accountability ADD both technically and administration has een running well in accordance with the applicable rules with evidence of accountability in a transparent and accountable, so also in the management of village funds allocation, proven by the existence of Accountability Report (LPJ) the contents of which there is a cash book receipt, aiding, news events and other activities that have been documented through the pictures that are attached and physical development has been carried out the construction by constructing the irrigation water stones times. The realization of the report and report the realization of the implementation of Regional Budget Villages communicated to the society in writing and with the media information that is easily accessible by the community as shown by the existence of an attachment realization of that has been written. The planning, implementation, accountability for the development and empowerment of the village Dapurkejambon also has been done by the government of the village in accordance with the existing regulations, proven by the existence of the stages of planning activities can be done preparation in the form of the arrangement of the list of the Proposed Planned Activities (DURK) and Business Plan and Budget (RKA) that activities financed by the Fund Allocation of the village. However the purpose of the Fund Allocation Village in increasing community empowerment Dapurkejambon still deemed less than optimal because of the community less respond with good.
Real-Time Digital Simulator of the Electromagnetic Transients of Power Transmission Lines

The authors present the theory and results of a novel real-time digital simulator of transmission lines. The simulator is based on a time-domain formulation and obtains the electromagnetic transient performance of balanced three-phase lines in real time. Sample results of energizing a transmission line from balanced and unbalanced sources are presented. The real-time digital simulator results are verified for accuracy by simulating the same system, offline, using the EMTP (ElectroMagnetic Transients Program). It is noted that the newly developed real-time digital simulator can readily be incorporated into modern transient network analyzers and HVDC (high-voltage direct current) simulators. Using these in place of a large number of Pi or gamma sections of passive networks is economical, space saving, and accurate. >
Mitochondrial Ferritin Protects Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Neuronal Cell Damage

Oxidative stress and iron accumulation are tightly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is identified as an iron-storage protein located in the mitochondria, and its role in regulation of iron hemeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases has been reported. However, the role of FtMt in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress and iron accumulation in neuronal cells has not been studied. Here, we overexpressed FtMt in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and induced oxidative stress by treating with extracellular H2O2. We found that overexpression of FtMt significantly prevented cell death induced by H2O2, particularly the apoptosis-dependent cell death. The protective effects involved inhibiting the generation of cellular reactive oxygen species, sustaining mitochondrial membrane potential, maintaining the level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and inhibiting the activation of pro-apoptotic protein caspase 3. We further explored the mechanism of these protective effects and found that FtMt expression markedly altered iron homeostasis of the H2O2 treated cells as compared to that of controls. The FtMt overexpression significantly reduced cellular labile iron pool (LIP) and protected H2O2-induced elevation on LIP. While in H2O2 treated SH-SY5Y cells, the increased iron uptake and reduced iron release, in correlation with levels of DMT1(-IRE) and ferroportin 1, resulted in heavy iron accumulation, the FtMt overexpressing cells didn’t show any significant changes in levels of iron transport proteins and in the level of LIP. These results implicate a neuroprotective role of FtMt on H2O2-induced oxidative stress, which may provide insights into the treatment of iron accumulation associated neurodegenerative diseases.
Ignoring Distractors in the Absence of Labels: Optimal Linear Projection to Remove False Positives During Anomaly Detection

In the anomaly detection setting, the native feature embedding can be a crucial source of bias. We present a technique, Feature Omission using Context in Unsupervised Settings (FOCUS) to learn a feature mapping that is invariant to changes exemplified in training sets while retaining as much descriptive power as possible. While this method could apply to many unsupervised settings, we focus on applications in anomaly detection, where little task-labeled data is available. Our algorithm requires only non-anomalous sets of data, and does not require that the contexts in the training sets match the context of the test set. By maximizing within-set variance and minimizing between-set variance, we are able to identify and remove distracting features while retaining fidelity to the descriptiveness needed at test time. In the linear case, our formulation reduces to a generalized eigenvalue problem that can be solved quickly and applied to test sets outside the context of the training sets. This technique allows us to align technical definitions of anomaly detection with human definitions through appropriate mappings of the feature space. We demonstrate that this method is able to remove uninformative parts of the feature space for the anomaly detection setting.
Validation of indirect tuberculosis treatment adherence measures in a resource-constrained setting.

SETTING Arusha, Mwanza, Mufindi and Kilosa in Tanzania. OBJECTIVE To assess the test characteristics of three indirect adherence measures against a gold standard of direct measurements of drug intake for use in a resource-constrained setting. METHODS We assessed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), and the diagnostic odds ratio (dORs) of three indirect adherence measurement tools against direct measurement in urine using the IsoScreen assay. RESULTS The single adherence question of missed doses in the last 2 days had the highest dOR (40.3) compared to the Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS, 2.5) and pill counts (3.4). The sensitivities of these measures were respectively 97.9%, 92% and 89.6%. Specificity ranged from 46.4% (adherence question) to 17.9% (MMAS). The PPVs of adherence question, pill counts and MMAS were respectively 97.6%, 96.5% and 94.2%, while the NPVs ranged from 50% (adherence question) to 3.1% (MMAS). CONCLUSION Among several instruments for indirect adherence measure in the routine setting of the Tanzanian National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, a single adherence question was found to have the best discriminatory power. However, the single adherence question might not adequately identify patients who are non-adherent. Confirmatory studies are needed, especially in settings with low adherence rates.
“It’s Not Balancing out Like It Should Be”: Perceptions of Local Climate Variability in Native Oklahoma

AbstractFieldwork was conducted in 2009–11 with Native American agriculturalists and traditionalists in southwestern Oklahoma on the form and use of their weather and climate knowledge: how it is constituted, how it is used in agricultural decision-making, and the extent to which their own weather knowledge is valued in light of other forms of weather information available. Conversations rekindled memories of knowledge imparted and stories told by previous generations and illuminated observational signs some still rely upon. Conversations also revealed that while the agriculturalists and traditionalists are acculturated into contemporary society, they still hold tightly to culturally important ways of knowing about and being in the world and are keen observers of their local environments. Given the contemporary relevance of climate change and its impacts on Indigenous peoples, this paper focuses on their observations and thoughts about climate variability: Have you noticed changes? What impacts do these c.
Effect of variable light intensity on composite shrinkage.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Polymerization shrinkage is a critical limitation of dental composites and may contribute to postoperative pain, tooth fracture, microleakage, and secondary caries. Polymerization with high-intensity light sources has been related to increased depth of cure and improved mechanical properties. However, high-intensity light initiation has also been associated with greater polymerization shrinkage. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sequentially increasing light intensity on the polymerization shrinkage of 2 composites, a hybrid and a microfil. A Knoop hardness test was used to evaluate effectiveness of the cure with each intensity increase. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four groups of 12 samples were measured for polymerization shrinkage by using a linometer. Light intensity curing sequences were as follows: full-intensity control (100% intensity for 40 seconds), low-intensity control (25% intensity for 40 seconds), test group 1 (25% intensity for 20 seconds, 50% for 10 seconds, 100% for 10 seconds), and test group 2 (25% intensity for 10 seconds, 50% for 10 seconds, 100% for 20 seconds). Statistical comparisons were made using a 1-factor ANOVA and a Tukey multiple comparisons test within each material. RESULTS Results showed a significant difference (P<. 05) in mean linear shrinkage between the full-intensity control group and the other 3 sequences for both composites. No difference existed within the other 3 groups for either composite. Knoop hardness was similar for the full-intensity control and test group 2. The low-intensity control group and test group 1 were also similar but significantly lower. CONCLUSION Curing composites for 10 seconds at 25% intensity, 10 seconds at 50%, and 20 seconds at 100% significantly reduced polymerization shrinkage while not compromising depth of cure.
Validation of a Multimodality Flow Phantom and Its Application for Assessment of Dynamic SPECT and PET Technologies

Simple and robust techniques are lacking to assess performance of flow quantification using dynamic imaging. We therefore developed a method to qualify flow quantification technologies using a physical compartment exchange phantom and image analysis tool. We validate and demonstrate utility of this method using dynamic PET and SPECT. Dynamic image sequences were acquired on two PET/CT and a cardiac dedicated SPECT (with and without attenuation and scatter corrections) systems. A two-compartment exchange model was fit to image derived time-activity curves to quantify flow rates. Flowmeter measured flow rates (20-300 mL/min) were set prior to imaging and were used as reference truth to which image derived flow rates were compared. Both PET cameras had excellent agreement with truth (r2> 0.94). High-end PET had no significant bias (p > 0.05) while lower-end PET had minimal slope bias (wash-in and wash-out slopes were 1.02 and 1.01) but no significant reduction in precision relative to high-end PET (<;15% vs. <;14% limits of agreement, p > 0.3). SPECT (without scatter and attenuation corrections) slope biases were noted (0.85 and 1.32) and attributed to camera saturation in early time frames. Analysis of wash-out rates from non-saturated, late time frames resulted in excellent agreement with truth (r2= 0.98, slope = 0.97). Attenuation and scatter corrections did not significantly impact SPECT performance. The proposed phantom, software and quality assurance paradigm can be used to qualify imaging instrumentation and protocols for quantification of kinetic rate parameters using dynamic imaging.
Mediation Analysis with Multiple Mediators

Abstract Recent advances in the causal inference literature on mediation have extended traditional approaches to direct and indirect effects to settings that allow for interactions and non-linearities. In this article, these approaches from causal inference are further extended to settings in which multiple mediators may be of interest. Two analytic approaches, one based on regression and one based on weighting are proposed to estimate the effect mediated through multiple mediators and the effects through other pathways. The approaches proposed here accommodate exposure–mediator interactions and, to a certain extent, mediator–mediator interactions as well. The methods handle binary or continuous mediators and binary, continuous or count outcomes. When the mediators affect one another, the strategy of trying to assess direct and indirect effects one mediator at a time will in general fail; the approach given in this article can still be used. A characterization is moreover given as to when the sum of the mediated effects for multiple mediators considered separately will be equal to the mediated effect of all of the mediators considered jointly. The approach proposed in this article is robust to unmeasured common causes of two or more mediators.