Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Common Mental Disorders among Incident Individuals on Long-Term Sickness Absence When Compensating for Non-Participation

Objective: In a cross-sectional study regarding long-term sickness absence to estimate: 1) The prevalence of mental disorders among incident individuals on long-term sickness absence; 2) The diagnostic frequencies in total and divided by participants and non-participants; and 3) Divided by socio-demographic characteristics. Method: In a well-defined cohort with complete coverage, 2414 individuals entering LSA during one year were identified. In a two-phase study, the 1121 (46.4%) participants constituted Phase 1 and they were screened for mental disorders by Common Mental Disorders—Screening Questionnaire. In Phase 2, a subgroup of Phase 1, 337 individuals were diagnosed by means of Present State Examination. Compensation for non-participation was carried out by multiple imputation by the use of data known for all sick-listed individuals from public registers. Results: The frequencies of mental disorders were: Any mental disorder 52%, depression 36%, anxiety 15%, somatoform disorder 7%, alcohol and drug dependence 6%, and personality disorder 6%. The diagnostic frequencies were highest for non-participants, female gender, age below 40 years, urban areas, single status, higher education, high skills/ managers, without a job, and low income. Conclusion: The prevalence of mental disorders among incident individuals on LSA was found to be about 50%. The burden on society may be higher than expected from previous studies solely based on participants as the methods compensating for missing values in this study indicated that the frequency of mental disorders was higher among non-participants than among participants.
RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORK FEATURE ENHANCEMENT: THE 2nd CHIME CHALLENGE

We apply a machine learning approach to improve noisy acoustic features for robust speech recognition. Specifically, we train a deep, recurrent neural network to map noisecorrupted input features to their corresponding clean versions. We introduce several improvements to previously proposed neural network feature enhancement architectures. The model does not include assumptions about the specific noise and distortions present in CHiME data, but does assume noisy and clean stereo pairs are available for training. When used with the standard recognizer on the small vocabulary task (track 1), our approach demonstrates substantial improvements over the challenge baseline.
Integration-Time Based Computational Image Sensors

Combining time-domain computation with image-sensing by means of VLSI is a powerful approach as demonstrated in motion detection,' change detection? and range-sensing3 However, most previous work such as edge detection4, moo thing^‘^, image compression* has focused on the spatial image computations after the image is formed. As such, these computations can be performed off-chip. In contrast, the time computation. which is performed while the image is being sensed, can get unique, rich, and otherwise not obtainable information. For example, time-domain computational sensors detect li ht in-
Social norms and the prevention of alcohol misuse in collegiate contexts.

OBJECTIVE This article provides a review of conceptual and empirical studies on the role of social norms in college student alcohol use and in prevention strategies to counter misuse. The normative influences of various constituencies serving as reference groups for students are examined as possible factors influencing students' drinking behavior. METHOD A review of English language studies was conducted. RESULTS Parental norms have only modest impact on students once they enter college beyond the residual effects of previously instilled drinking attitudes and religious traditions. Faculty could theoretically provide a positive influence on student drinking behavior, but there is little evidence in the literature that faculty norms and expectations about avoiding alcohol misuse are effectively communicated to students. Although the norms of resident advisers (RAs) should ideally provide a restraint on student alcohol misuse, the positive influence of RAs is limited by their negotiated compromises with students whom they oversee and by their misperceptions of student norms. Research reveals student peer norms to be the strongest influence on students' personal drinking behavior, with the more socially integrated students typically drinking most heavily. The widespread prevalence among students of dramatic misperceptions of peer norms regarding drinking attitudes and behaviors is also a consistent finding. Permissiveness and problem behaviors among peers are overestimated, even in environments where problem drinking rates are relatively high in actuality. These misperceived norms, in turn, have a significant negative effect promoting and exacerbating problem drinking. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to reduce these misperceptions have revealed a substantial positive effect in several pilot studies and campus experiments.
Relating postural synergies to low-D muscular activations: Towards bio-inspired control of robotic hands

Studying human motor control has received increased attention during the past decades. Both the design and control of robotic artifacts may benefit from observation of human behavior. In this paper a novel method for capturing the dynamic behavior of the human hand is presented. The low dimensional kinematics of the human hand, including the wrist, and the low dimensional representation of the muscular activations were correlated through a linear time invariant (LTI) state space model. A linear output regulation controller was used in order to drive a simulated hand and the resulting trajectories were compared with the experimentally captured trajectories.
Fe b 20 05 Microcanonical Ensemble of Type I Strings

We derive an exact expression for the one-loop free energy of the canonical ensemble of type I strings in the form of a high temperature expansion, integrating out the explicit dependence on worldsheet modulus. The precise O(T e −T) numerical corrections to the leading T 2 growth are evaluated in the high temperature expansion. We can therefore give a first principles formulation of the microcanonical ensemble of open strings, deriving the density of states as an inverse Laplace transform of the open string canonical partition function. The growth with energy is slower than an exponential, giving definite proof that there is no Hagedorn phase transition in type I string theory. The low energy finite temperature supersymmetric gauge theory limit of our results provides the normalization of the density of states of the massless gas of short open strings. We give a first principles derivation of the normalized Wilson-Polyakov-Susskind loop expectation value in the finite temperature gauge theory.
Efficacy of Chaetomium Species as Biological Control Agents against Phytophthora nicotianae Root Rot in Citrus

Abstract Thailand is one of the largest citrus producers in Southeast Asia. Pathogenic infection by Phytophthora, however, has become one of major impediments to production. This study identified a pathogenic oomycete isolated from rotted roots of pomelo (Citrus maxima) in Thailand as Phytophthora nicotianae by the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Then, we examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of Chaetomium globosum, Chaetomium lucknowense, Chaetomium cupreum and their crude extracts as biological control agents in controlling this P. nicotianae strain. Represent as antagonists in biculture test, the tested Chaetomium species inhibited mycelial growth by 50~56% and parasitized the hyphae, resulting in degradation of P. nicotianae mycelia after 30 days. The crude extracts of these Chaetomium species exhibited antifungal activities against mycelial growth of P. nicotianae, with effective doses of 2.6~101.4 μg/mL. Under greenhouse conditions, application of spores and methanol extracts of these Chaetomium species to pomelo seedlings inoculated with P. nicotianae reduced root rot by 66~71% and increased plant weight by 72~85% compared to that in the control. The method of application of antagonistic spores to control the disease was simple and economical, and it may thus be applicable for large-scale, highly effective biological control of this pathogen.
GHood -- Graphical Visualisation and Animation of Haskell Object Observations

As a possible extension to his http://www.haskell. org/hood/ Hood http://www.cse. ogi.edu/~andy/pub/debug.htm, Andy Gill has described the ``dynamic viewing of structures'', stepping through observations instead of accumulating them into a static view. Starting from this idea, we have implemented and released an animation back-end for Hood, called http://www.cs. ukc.ac. uk/people/staff/cr3/toolbox/haskell/GHood. Instead of the dynamic textual visualisation based on pretty-printing proposed in http://www.cse. ogi.edu/~andy/pub/debug.htm, our back-end features a dynamic graphical visualisation, based on a simple tree layout algorithm. This paper reviews the main aspects of Hood, gives a brief introduction to GHood's features and summarises our experience so far. The visualisation of program behaviour via animations of data structure observations has uses for program comprehension and exposition, in development, debugging and education. We find that the graphical structure facilitates orientation even when textual labels are no longer readable due to scaling, suggesting advantages over a purely textual visualisation. A novel application area is opened by the use of GHood as an applet on webpages -- discussions of Haskell program behaviour, e.g., in educational online material or in explanations of functional algorithms, can now easily be augmented with graphical animations of the issues being discussed.
Expected rates of return to university study : a case study of the University of Natal, Durban, 2000.

For many years economists have shown interest in studying education as a form of investment in human capital. It is widely believed that if one attains higher levels of schooling, higher financial rewards will result. This dissertation focuses on ex-ante rates of return to higher education, with particular reference to the University of Natal, Durban. Individual data on 672 undergraduate students (from six different faculties) in the academic year 2000 has been used to estimate the expected rewards they will get upon graduation.
Emission Lines from Companion Galaxies of QSOs

Anticipating new spectroscopic studies of quasar companions, we calculate expected emission-line spectra for the companion galaxies. Under the assumption of isotropic photoionizing radiation, we predict equivalent widths for Hα, Hβ, [O III] λ5007, [O II] λ3727, [Ne III] λ3869, and Mg II λ2798 lines. We consider six quasars, two of which (PKS 2135-14 and PKS 2349-014) have very close companions with projected separation less than 4 h-1 kpc. For these companions the calculated emission lines should be easily observable, with Wλ ≳ 20 Å for the [O III], [O II], and Hα lines. The presence of strong emission lines from the companions occupying only a tiny solid angle would suggest that (1) quasar radiation is isotropic; (2) companion galaxies have measurable amounts of gas, which can be assessed using the photoionization models; (3) host galaxies, if present, have been depleted of gas or do not interact with the companions.
Do Employment Protections Reduce Productivity? Evidence from U.S. States

Theory predicts that mandated employment protections may reduce productivity by distorting production choices. Firms facing (non-Coasean) worker dismissal costs will curtail hiring below efficient levels and retain unproductive workers, both of which should affect productivity. These theoretical predictions have rarely been tested. We use the adoption of wrongful-discharge protections by U.S. state courts over the last three decades to evaluate the link between dismissal costs and productivity. Drawing on establishment-level data from the Annual Survey of Manufacturers and the Longitudinal Business Database, our estimates suggest that wrongful-discharge protections reduce employment flows and firm entry rates. Moreover, analysis of plant-level data provides evidence of capital deepening and a decline in total factor productivity following the introduction of wrongful-discharge protections. This last result is potentially quite important, suggesting that mandated employment protections reduce productive efficiency as theory would suggest. However, our analysis also presents some puzzles including, most significantly, evidence of strong employment growth following adoption of dismissal protections. In light of these puzzles, we read our findings as suggestive but tentative.
Approximate solves in Krylov-based modeling methods

Rational Krylov methods are potentially one of the most robust and efficient algorithms to compute lower order approximations to linear time invariant dynamical systems that match a specified number of moments of the transfer function at multiple points in the complex plane. The characterization of multipoint rational interpolation in terms of bases of multiple Krylov spaces was developed recently. In this paper, we summarize some results concerning the use of approximate solutions to the linear systems of equations that arise on each step of the method. Such approximations are used to reduce the space and time required to produced the reduced order system.
Towards Unbiased Sampling of Online Social Networks

Unbiased sampling of online social networks (OSNs) makes it possible to get accurate statistical properties of large-scale OSNs. However, the most used sampling methods, Breadth-First-Search (BFS) and Greedy, are known to be biased towards high degree nodes, yielding inaccurate statistical results. To give a general requirement for unbiased sampling, we model the crawling process as a Markov Chain and deduce a necessary and sufficient condition, which enables us to design various efficient unbiased sampling methods. To the best of our knowledge, we are among the first to give such a condition. Metropolis-Hastings Random Walk (MHRW) is an example which satisfies the condition. However, walkers in MHRW may stay at some low-degree nodes for a long time, resulting considerable self-loops on these nodes, which adversely affect the crawling efficiency. Based on the condition, a new unbiased sampling method, called USRS, is proposed to reduce the probabilities of self-loops. We use the dataset of Renren, the largest OSN in China, to evaluate the performance of USRS. The results have demonstrated that USRS generates unbiased samples with low self-loop probabilities, and achieves higher crawling efficiency.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with chronic myelogeneous leukemia: defining the role of social risk factors and non-adherence to treatment

Objective: To assess the role of social risk factors on adherence to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study and eligible patients were adults with CML on TKI treatment. Cases of no adherence to treatment were confirmed during pharmacists’ consultation (patient-reported adherence). Baseline characteristics between groups were compared between cases and controls groups. Risk factors identified in bivariate analysis (p<0.2) were included in multivariate model. A qualitative investigation assessed whether such predictors of non-adherence had causal relationship. Results: Of 151 patients with CML consulted by pharmacists, 21% had adherence problems. Despite patients with secondary school (p=0.03), most of investigated social risk factors did not differ between groups. However, by using a qualitative approach, patients’ level of education could not explain low adherence rates behavior. Conclusions: Social determinants of health, herein investigated, were unlikely to predict adherence to treatment. Regression techniques may lead to untrue statements, so future researches should consider investigating the causes, not only the statistical estimates.
Meta-Analysis of Studies Incorporating the Interests of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders into Early Intervention Practices

Incorporating the interests and preferences of young children with autism spectrum disorders into interventions to promote prosocial behavior and decrease behavior excesses has emerged as a promising practice for addressing the core features of autism. The efficacy of interest-based early intervention practices was examined in a meta-analysis of 24 studies including 78 children 2 to 6 years of age diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Effect size analyses of intervention versus nonintervention conditions and high-interest versus low-interest contrasts indicated that interest-based intervention practices were effective in terms of increasing prosocial and decreasing aberrant child behavior. Additionally, interest-based interventions that focused on two of the three core features of autism spectrum disorders (poor communication, poor interpersonal relationships) were found most effective in influencing child outcomes. Implications for very early intervention are discussed in terms addressing the behavior markers of autism spectrum disorders before they become firmly established.
Short-term spectroscopic monitoring of two cool dwarfs with strong magnetic fields

Context: There is now growing evidence that some brown dwarfs (BDs) have very strong magnetic fields, and yet their surface temperatures are so low that the coupling is expected to be small between the matter and the magnetic field in the atmosphere. In the deeper layers, however, the coupling is expected to be much stronger. Aims: This raises the question of whether the magnetic field still leads to the formation of structures in the photosphere. Methods: We carried out a spectroscopic monitoring campaign of two ultracool dwarfs that have strong magnetic fields: the BD LP944-20 and 2MASSW J0036159+182110. LP944-20 was observed simultaneously in the optical and in the near infrared regime, 2MASSW J0036159+182110 only in the infrared. Results: Both dwarfs turned out to be remarkably constant. In the case of LP944-20, the Teff-variations are <50K, and the rms-variations in the equivalent widths of Halpha small. We also find that the equivalent widths of photospheric lines are remarkably constant. We did not find any significant variations in the case of 2MASSW J0036159+182110 either. Thus the most important result is that no significant variability was found at the time of our observations. When comparing our spectra with spectra taken over the past 11 years, we recognize significant changes during this time. Conclusions: We interpret these results as evidence that the photosphere of these objects are remarkably homogeneous, with only little structure in them, and despite the strong magnetic fields. Thus, unlike active stars, there are no prominent spots on these objects.
Parameter learning for the livewire image segmentation by particle swarm optimization

Livewire is an interactive segmentation tool can extract the boundary of a region with a mouse. The segmentation is based on the features of the pixels in the image. In the traditional livewire, the features have been assigned with fixed weights. In this paper, we design a learning phrase before the segmentation, where the particle swarm optimization(PSO) is applied to find more suitable weights. To make the PSO more effective, the initialization of the population are special designed, the iteration and the convergence are visualized, the start and stop of PSO are human-controlled. Experiments show that the PSO learning livewire has better performance than the livewire with fixed feature weights.
Dependence of inflationary reconstruction upon cosmological parameters.

The inflationary potential and its derivatives determine the spectrum of scalar and tensor metric perturbations that arise from quantum fluctuations during inflation. The CBR anisotropy offers a promising means of determining the spectra of metric perturbations and thereby a means of constraining the inflationary potential. The relation between the metric perturbations and CBR anisotropy depends upon cosmological parameters{emdash}most notably the possibility of a cosmological constant. Motivated by some observational evidence for a cosmological constant (large-scale structure, cluster-baryon fraction, measurements of the Hubble constant, and age of the Universe) we derive the reconstruction equations and consistency relation to second order in the presence of a cosmological constant. We also clarify previous notation and discuss alternative schemes for reconstruction. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }
Multi-colour optical monitoring of eight red blazars

Context. We present the observational results of multi-colour optical monitoring of eight red blazars from 2003 September to 2004 February. Aims. The aim of our monitoring is to investigate the spectral variability as well as the flux variations at short and long time sc ales. Methods. The observations were carried out using the 1.0 m robotic telescope of Mt. Lemmon Optical Astronomy Observatory, in Arizona, USA, the 0.6 m telescope of Sobaeksan Optical Astronomy Observatory and the 1.8 m telescope of Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory, in the Republic of Korea. Results. During the observations, all sources show strong flux variat ions with amplitudes of larger than 0.5 mag. Variations with amplitudes of over 1 mag are found in four sources. Intraday variations with amplitudes larger than 0.15 mag, and a rapid brightness increase with a rate of ∼ 0.2 mag per day in four days, are detected in S5 0716+71. We investigate the relationship between the colour index and source brightness for each source. We find that two out of three FSRQs tend to be redde r when they are brighter, and, conversely, all BL Lac objects tend to be bluer. In particular, we find a significant anti-correlation betwee n the V− I colour index and R magnitude for 3C 454.3. This implies that the spectrum became steeper when the source was brighter, which is opposite to the common trend for blazars. In contrast, significant p ositive correlations are found in 3C 66A, S5 0716+71, and BL Lac. However, there are only very weak correlations for PKS 0735+17 and OJ 287. Conclusions. We propose that the different relative contributions of the thermal versus non-the rmal radiation to the optical emission may be responsible for the different trends of the colour index with brightness in FSRQs and BL Lac objects.
Computational Considerations on Randomized Hough Transform and Motion Analysis

A new and eecient version of the Hough Transform, the Randomized Hough Transform (RHT), has recently been suggested. The RHT has been applied to motion detection by the author and his coworkers and a novel method to calculate 2-D motion in a sequence of time-varying images has been proposed. The method, called Motion Detection using Randomized Hough Transform (MDRHT), utilizes the main ideas of the RHT, random sampling of, e.g., edge points of the original image, and a converging mapping of randomly sampled points into one point in a dynamically-linked accumulator. In this paper the generalized algorithm is suggested and computational behavior of this generalization is examined. Probability mechanisms of the MDRHT are considered on both translation and rotation.