Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Weakly-Supervised Action Localization

This paper presents a novel approach for weakly-supervised action localization, i.e., that does not require per-frame spatial annotations for training. We first introduce an effective method for extracting human tubes by combining a state-of-the-art human detector with a tracking-by-detection approach. Our tube extraction leverages the large amount of annotated humans available today and outperforms the state of the art by an order of magnitude: with less than 5 tubes per video, we obtain a recall of 95% on the UCF-Sports and J-HMDB datasets. Given these human tubes, we perform weakly-supervised selection based on multi-fold Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) with improved dense trajectories and achieve excellent results. We obtain a mAP of 84% on UCF-Sports, 54% on J-HMDB and 45% on UCF-101, which outperforms the state of the art for weakly-supervised action localization and is close to the performance of the best fully-supervised approaches. The second contribution of this paper is a new realistic dataset for action localization, named DALY (Daily Action Localization in YouTube). It contains high quality temporal and spatial annotations for 10 actions in 31 hours of videos (3.3M frames), which is an order of magnitude larger than standard action localization datasets. On the DALY dataset, our tubes have a spatial recall of 82%, but the detection task is extremely challenging, we obtain 10.8% mAP.
THE EFFECT OF MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL)

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of PBL models of science process skills (PPP) and the understanding of the concept of chemical substances in food at eighth grade students MTsN Meureudu. This study is a descriptive study using the research design one group pretest and posttest design. Samples were 19 eighth grade students MTsN Meureudu school year 2013/2014. Data collected by pretest and posttest to determine the effect of the application of PBL models and observation sheets to determine the feasibility of learning. The results showed that affects the application of PBL model of PPP and understanding the concept of chemical substances in food MTsN Meureudu eighth grade students. The influence can be seen from the results of hypothesis testing, the value is significantly smaller than α (0.05). In addition, the ability of a class VIII student representation MTsN Meureudu after application of PBL models on chemical substances in food material for the better. The ability of the student representation on enactive is 74%, 63% iconic, and symbolic 68%.
High Performance Adaptive Fidelity Algorithms for MultiModality Image Fusion

The novel high performance adaptive fidelity algorithms for automated multi-modality images’ feature detection, registration, and fusion is presented. The new fusion method, which consists of the Adaptive Fidelity Exploratory Algorithm (AFEA) and the Heuristic Optimization Algorithm (HOA), implements automatic adaptation from frame to frame with a few tunable thresholds. The new algorithms have been applied on two ophthalmologic modalities of nonhuman primate eyes – angiogram grayscale and fundus true color retinal optic nerve head (ONH) images. It has achieved an optimal fusion result by giving the visualization of fundus image with a complete angiogram overlay. Control points are detected at the vessel bifurcations using the AFEA algorithm. Shape similarity criteria are used to match the control points that represent same salient features of different images. The HOA algorithm adjusts the initial good-guess of control points at the sub-pixel level in order to maximize the objective function Mutual-Pixel-Count (MPC). This study has compared the presented method with the Centerline Control Point Selection Algorithm, Root-Mean-Square-Error Minimization (RMSE) objective function employed by the classic Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm, Genetic Algorithm, and some other data fusion approaches and the results strengthen the AFEA and HOA algorithms in terms of novelty, automation, accuracy, and efficiency.
Measuring Area-Complexity Using Boolean Difference

For a combinational circuit, area-complexity is a measure that estimates the logic area of the circuit without mapping to logic gates. Several measures like literal count, number of primary input/outputs, etc. have been used in the past as area-complexity metrics. In this paper, we propose a novel area-complexity measure using the theory of Boolean difference and Taylor expansion for Boolean functions. We demonstrate how to capture the area-complexity of a Boolean function using the complexity of its Boolean derivatives. We evaluate the metric on circuits from MCNC benchmark suite and a sizeable collection of randomly generated circuits. We compare our metric with existing techniques based on literal-count and BDD properties. We show that the new area-complexity measure is accurate within 10% of the actual number of gates synthesized using ABC as opposed to at least 100% and 15% for the metrics based on literal-count and BDD properties respectively. We also show the robustness of our metric across three different gate-libraries.
Forward suppression in the auditory cortex is frequency-specific

We investigated how physiologically observed forward suppression interacts with stimulus frequency in neuronal responses in the guinea pig auditory cortex. The temporal order and frequency proximity of sounds influence both their perception and neuronal responses. Psychophysically, preceding sounds (conditioners) can make successive sounds (probes) harder to hear. These effects are larger when the two sounds are spectrally similar. Physiological forward suppression is usually maximal for conditioner tones near to a unit’s characteristic frequency (CF), the frequency to which a neuron is most sensitive. However, in most physiological studies, the frequency of the probe tone and CF are identical, so the role of unit CF and probe frequency cannot be distinguished. Here, we systemically varied the frequency of the probe tone, and found that the tuning of suppression was often more closely related to the frequency of the probe tone than to the unit’s CF, i.e. suppressed tuning was specific to probe frequency. This relationship was maintained for all measured gaps between the conditioner and the probe tones. However, when the probe frequency and CF were similar, CF tended to determine suppressed tuning. In addition, the bandwidth of suppression was slightly wider for off‐CF probes. Changes in tuning were also reflected in the firing rate in response to probe tones, which was maximally reduced when probe and conditioner tones were matched in frequency. These data are consistent with the idea that cortical neurons receive convergent inputs with a wide range of tuning properties that can adapt independently.
Consilience in Oceanographic and Fishery Research : A Concept and Some Digressions

The concept of consilience, describing the 'jumping together' of different scientific disciplines, and recently revived in a book of the same title, authored by B.D. Wilson, is presented, along with some of its implications for work conducted by oceanographers, marine biologists and fisheries and social scientists in the Gulf of Guinea area. It is suggested that maintenance and analysis of time series data, remote sensing of marine primary production, trophic mass balance modelling, and analysis of multi-sectoral coastal transects are eminently consilient in that they not only invite interdisciplinary co-operation, but also impose standards and provide common currencies that makes such co-operation meaningful.
Psychostimulant-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Mice: Evidence of Cocaine and Caffeine Effects on the Local Dopaminergic System

Several organ systems can be affected by psychostimulant toxicity. However, there is not sufficient evidence about the impact of psychostimulant intake on testicular physiology and catecholaminergic systems. The aim of the present study was to further explore potential toxic consequences of chronic exposure to cocaine, caffeine, and their combination on testicular physiology. Mice were injected with a 13-day chronic binge regimen of caffeine (3x5mg/kg), cocaine (3×10mg/kg), or combined administration. Mice treated with cocaine alone or combined with caffeine showed reduced volume of the seminiferous tubule associated to a reduction in the number of spermatogonia. Cocaine-only and combined treatments induced increased lipid peroxidation evaluated by TBARS assay and decreased glutathione peroxidase mRNA expression. Importantly, caffeine-cocaine combination potentiated the cocaine-induced germ cell loss, and induced pro-apoptotic BAX protein expression and diminished adenosine receptor A1 mRNA levels. We analyzed markers of dopaminergic function in the testis and detected the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the cytoplasm of androgen-producing Leydig cells, but also in meiotic germs cells within seminiferous tubules. Moreover, using transgenic BAC-Drd1a-tdTomato and D2R-eGFP mice, we report for the first time the presence of dopamine receptors (DRs) D1 and D2 in testicular mouse Leydig cells. Interestingly, the presence of DRD1 was also detected in the spermatogonia nearest the basal lamina of the seminiferous tubules, which did not show TH staining. We observed that psychostimulants induced downregulation of DRs mRNA expression and upregulation of TH protein expression in the testis. These findings suggest a potential role of the local dopaminergic system in psychostimulant-induced testicular pathology.
Third-Order Tensor Decompositions and Their Application in Quantum Chemistry

A tensor is a multidimensional array, where the order of tensor denotes the dimension of the array. For example, a scalar is simply an order-0 tensor, a vector order-1, a matrix order-2, and any tensor with order-3 or greater is described as a higher order tensor. For this paper I will be focusing on the simplest higher-order tensor, the order-3 tensor, which can be visualized as a sort of Rubik’s cube.
Scalable solid–state qubits: challenging decoherence and read–out

We review some basic facts about qubits and qubit processing. After a brief survey of solid–state qubits, we focus on quantized electrical circuits and superconducting qubits based on Josephson junctions. We review the general framework and indicate how the various qubits, such as the superconducting Cooper pair box charge qubit, the persistent current flux qubit, the hybrid charge–phase qubit, and the Andreev–level qubit, can be seen to appear due to different choices of design parameters. Finally, we consider multi–qubit systems and discuss some aspects of decoherence.
STUDIES ON NORMAL AND IMMUNE LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFER REACTIONS IN GUINEA PIGS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CELLULAR CONTRIBUTION OF THE HOST

Using guinea pigs of strains 2 and 13 and their F1 hybrids as experimental subjects, various lines of evidence have been obtained that in this species, as in all others tested, the only significant cellular antigens with which donor lymphocytes engage when normal and immune lymphocyte reactions are incited are radiosensitive leukocytes. Constitutive cells of the skin are unimportant. (a) The intensities of these reactions in irradiated subjects are dependent upon the peripheral leukocyte concentration. When this falls below a certain threshold no reactions are incitable. (b) Highly leukopenic animals are capable of developing immune lymphocyte transfer (ILT) reactions if normal lymphoid cells of their own genetic constitution are mixed with the putative attacking donor cells, as "supplementing antigen," before inoculation. (c) Radiation-chimeric strain 13 animals having F1 hybrid leukocytes in their bloodstream give typical ILT reactions when challenged intradermally with strain 13 anti-2 node cells. Exposure of strain 2 animals to 600 R does not prevent their becoming actively immunized if, 24 hr later, they are injected intradermally with strain 13 lymphocytes. However, this sensitization, revealed by the host's capacity to give delayed hypersensitivity reactions, wanes as leukopenia progresses. On the basis of this and other findings it is argued that the flare-up stage of the NLT reaction in preirradiated hosts is mainly an expression of host sensitivity against the transferred alien cells. Two unexpected observations have been made in the course of this study: (a) F1 hybrid animals developed what appeared to be a strong delayed hypersensitivity after intradermal inoculation with parental strain lymphoid cells or antigenic extracts prepared from them. (b) If strain 13 guinea pigs which had been sensitized against strain 2 tissue antigens by intradermal injection of lymphocytes 7 days beforehand were inoculated intravenously with strain 2 antigenic extract a significant proportion of the animals developed severe delayed necrotizing reactions, recall flares, at some or all of the healed skin inoculation sites.
Measurement of Noisy Absorption Lines Using the Apparent Optical Depth Technique

To measure the column densities of interstellar and intergalactic gas clouds using absorption-line spectroscopy, the apparent optical depth (AOD) technique of Savage & Sembach can be used instead of a curve-of-growth analysis or profile fit. We show that the AOD technique, while an excellent tool when applied to data with good signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), will likely overestimate the true column densities when applied to data with low S/N. This overestimation results from the nonlinear relationship between the flux falling on a given detector pixel and the apparent optical depth in that pixel. We use Monte Carlo techniques to investigate the amplitude of this overestimation when working with data from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) and the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), for a range of values of S/N, line depth, line width, and rebinning. AOD measurements of optimally sampled, resolved lines are accurate to within 10% for FUSE LiF and STIS E140M data with S/N ≳ 7 per resolution element.
QoS-Aware Routing for Sensor Networks Using Distance-Based Proportional Delay Differentiation (DPDD)

Many routing 1 protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks. The majority of these protocols considered energy efficiency as the main objective and assumed data traffic with unconstrained delivery requirements. But the introduction of image and video sensors demand certain quality of services (QoS) from the routing protocols and underlying networks. Managing such real-time data requires both energy efficiency and QoS assurances in order to ensure efficient usage of sensor resources and correctness of the collected information. In this paper we propose a routing protocol that will ensure end- to-end delay requirement of collected real-time data. At the same time the throughput of non-real-time data is maximized by adjusting the service rate of real-time and non-real-time data.
Design and Synthesis of Arylthiophene-2-Carbaldehydes via Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions and Their Biological Evaluation

A series of various novel 4-arylthiophene-2-carbaldehyde compounds were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with different arylboronic pinacol esters/acids. The synthesized products were screened for their antibacterial, haemolytic, antiurease, and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging capabilities and interestingly, almost all products turned out to have good activities. 3-(5-Formyl-thiophene-3-yl)-5-(trifloromethyl)benzonitrile (2d) revealed excellent antibacterial activity, showing an IC50 value of 29.7 µg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, compared to the standard drug streptomycin with an IC50 value 35.2 µg/mL and was also found to be the best NO scavenger, with an IC50 value of 45.6 µg/mL. Moreover, 4-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (2i) exhibited a superior haemolytic action and an outstanding urease inhibition, showing an IC50 value of 27.1 µg/mL.
Prior Knowledge Input Method In Device Modeling

The articial neural networks are being used in modelling electronic elements and devices especially at microwave frequencies where non-linearity and dependence on frequency cannot be neglected. In this paper, instead of using articial neural networks as a unique modelling device prior knowledge input method based on feed-forward articial neural network structures as multi-layer perceptrons and waveletbased neural networks is investigated. The benets of prior knowledge input method over plain usage of articial neural networks in modelling BJT is explored by comparing models obtained with and without prior knowledge input. The novelty of the paper is utilizing wavelet-based neural networks as feed-forward structure in prior knowledge input method. The training and test data used in simulations are obtained by HP 4155 parameter analyser.
Domain Adaptation with Active Learning for Word Sense Disambiguation

When a word sense disambiguation (WSD) system is trained on one domain but applied to a different domain, a drop in accuracy is frequently observed. This highlights the importance of domain adaptation for word sense disambiguation. In this paper, we first show that an active learning approach can be successfully used to perform domain adaptation of WSD systems. Then, by using the predominant sense predicted by expectation-maximization (EM) and adopting a count-merging technique, we improve the effectiveness of the original adaptation process achieved by the basic active learning approach.
Assigning Semantic Meanings to XML

The Semantic Web Project of W3C is developed at the purpose of extending the current web to make the information automatically processable by software programs. RDF/RDFS, DAML+OIL and the recent OWL are several specifications proposed along this way. However, the proliferation of XML on the current web makes it a tempting target if we can make use of these existing resources. XML is good at marking up the structural relationships, but it has limited capability in presenting the semantics contained in the data. In this paper, we describe our approach of extracting the propositional contents from XML documents and representing them in the ontology formalism. For any XML document, we first build up a surface ontology directly from its DTD file and encode the data in this ontology. We then represent the dataset in some more standard domain ontology via ontology translation. The Meaning Definition Axioms bridging over the surface ontology and the deep standard ontology have the function of assigning meanings to XML tags. The reverse direction which serializes a dataset of the standard ontology to a specific XML language works in the similar way. Combined with our former work, the whole system is capable of translating between the structural XML and the semantical RDF/DAML/OWL. It also can translate between heterogeneous XML documents about identical or similar domains of discourse.
Distribution and Possible Function of Cannabinoid Receptor Subtype 1 in the Human Prostate

Background: Cannabinoid receptor subtype 1 (CB1) has a relationship to the proliferation of various cells including malignant tumoral cells. We investigated and compared the expression of CB1 in benign and malignant human prostate tissues and in benign and malignant human prostate cell lines, as well as its function for the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells. Methods: Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to compare its expressions in human prostate tissues (normal, benign hyperplasia, and cancer) and prostate cell lines (3 normal and 3 malignant). For localization of CB1, immunofluorescent staining with rabbit anti-CB1 polyclonal antibodies and tetramethyl isothiocyanate (TRITC)-labeled swine anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (DAKO) were used under fluorescence microscope. To further analyze whether cell death was induced by anandamide (non-selective agonist for CB1/CB2) via a receptor dependent mechanism, the viability of DU145 cells, which is known as androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell, was measured using MTT assay. Results: CB1mRNA was found to be expressed in the all 3 human prostate tissues, however, CB1 protein was expressed in BPH and low grade malignant PC tissues, but not in high grade malignant PC tissues. CB1 as for cell lines, the expression of CB1 was low in malignant cell lines except for DU145. Anandamide elicited cell death, which was significantly inhibited by AM251 (selective antagonist for CB1), indicating that cell death induced by anandamide in DU145 cells was mediated by CB1. Anandamide time-dependently elicits up-regulation of CB1 in DU145 cells. Conclusions: CB1 may be an inhibitory regulator of androgen-insensitive human prostate cancer epithelial cell growth.
Steganography using the twelve square substitution cipher and an index variable

In this paper we are proposing a technique for secret communication between Alice and Bob. We are using both cryptography and steganography. Firstly, we encrypt the secret message using our new cipher algorithm called twelve square substitution cipher algorithm, and then embed the cipher text in the carrier image in 6th and 7th bit locations or 7th and 8th bit locations or 6 and 8 bit locations of the different pixels (bytes) of the carrier image depending on the value of an index variable. Here the 8 bit means the least significant bit (LSB) location, the 7 bit means the LSB minus one location and the 6 bit means the LSB minus two location. The index variable value can be 0 or 1 or 2. The index variable value will change from 0 to 1 or 1 to 2 or 2 to 0 after each embedding. The initial value of the index variable depends upon the length of the cipher text. After embedding the resultant image should be sent to the receiver and receiver should retrieve the cipher text from the said locations and then decrypt by using the twelve square cipher algorithm to get the secret message. The embedding locations are not same in all pixels, so it is a stronger approach. The algorithm is implemented using Java programming language. The experimental results says that the algorithm performs well.
Dielectric relaxation and molecular interaction investigation of glycolic acid-water mixture using time domain reflectometry

The complex spectra of glycolic acid (GA) and water mixture have been measured by time domain reflectometry (TDR) in the frequency range 10 MHz to 30 GHz at various temperatures for entire concentration. Dielectric relaxation time (τ), static dielectric constant (ɛ 0 ) and dielectric permittivity at low frequency (ɛʹ) and at optical frequency (ɛʺ) have been determined from measured complex spectra (ɛ*) using non-linear square fit method. Conductivity, Kirkwood and effective Kirkwood correlation factor of mixture calculated from the determined dielectric parameters have been used to find the alignment of dipoles between molecules. Thermodynamic parameters enthalpy, entropy and Gibb’s free energy have been determined which enable the direction of reaction. Excess permittivity of glycolic acid-water mixture has also been determined which confirms the molecular interaction. Macroscopic parameters such as density and viscosity of mixture have been determined at room temperature. FTIR spectral characterization concedes the solute-solvent interaction.