Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Farkli Ortamlarda Öğrenim Gören İşitme Engelli Öğrencilerin Sosyal ve Etik Kurallarla İlgili Bilgilerinin Karşilaştirmali Olarak Değerlendirilmesi A Comparative Evaluation of Moral and Social Rule Knowledge of Hearing Impaired Children who are Educated in Different Settings

Bazi isitme engelli ogrencilerin isitme kayiplari nedeniyle sosyal ve etik gelisimlerinde geri kalmalarina ragmen, bu ogrencilerin sosyal ve etik kurallarla ilgili gelisimlerine yonelik ulkemizdeki arastirmalarin sinirli oldugu gozlenmektedir. Buna ek olarak, kaynastirma ortamlarinda ve ozel egitim okulunda ogrenim goren isitme engelli ogrencilerin sosyal ve etik kurallara yonelik bilgileriyle ilgili karsilastirmali arastirmalarin da sinirli oldugu gorulmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu arastirmanin amaci, 1) kaynastirma ortamlarinda ve ozel egitim okulunda ogrenim goren isitme engelli ogrencilerin sosyal ve etik kurallarla ilgili bilgilerinin farklilasip farklilasmadiginin ve 2) sosyal ve etik kurallarla ilgili bilgilerinin ogrenim gordukleri farkli ortamlardan etkilenip etkilenmediginin karsilastirmali olarak incelenmesidir. Bu arastirmanin yontemi 'Gorusme Yontemi'dir Bu arastirmaya, ozel egitim okulundan 41 ve kaynastirma siniflarindan da 38 ogrenci olmak uzere toplam 79 ogrenci katilmistir. Arastirmada veri toplamak amaciyla Smetana (1981) tarafindan gelistirilen 10 resim arastirmaci tarafindan Turkceye uyarlanarak kullanilmistir. Bu arastirmada elde edilen veriler Mann-Whitney U ve t testi kullanilarak analiz edilmis tir. Bu arastirmadan ortaya cikan bulgular asagida siralanmistir. Ozet bolumunde maddeler yerine sonuclari kisaltip yazilmasi daha iyi olur. Ozel egitim okulunda ogrenim goren isitme engelli ogrencilerin, kaynastirma ortamlarinda ogrenim goren isitme engelli ogrencilere gore etik ve sosyal kurallarla ilgili (otorite yoklugu, kural yoklugu, genelleme ve ceza) alt boyut puanlarinin daha yuksek oldugunu, Etik ve sosyal kural bilgisinin cinsiyete gore karsilastirildiginda, puanlar arasinda kiz ogrencilerin lehine anlamli farkliliklar oldugu, Sinif duzeylerine gore karsilastirildiginda ise, ozel egitim okulunda ogrenim goren isitme engelli ogrencilerin lehine kaynastirma ortamlarinda ogrenim goren isitme engelli cocuklarin etik ve sosyal kural bilgisi puanlarinda anlamli farkliliklar oldugu ortaya cikmistir. Bulgular alanyazin isiginda tartisilmistir. Anahtar kelimeler: Etik gelisim, sosyal gelisim, ozel egitim, isitme engelli cocuklar, kaynastirma, ozel egitim okulu, sosyal ve etik kurallar bilgisi. Calismanin turu: Arastirma ABSTRACT
Summary of contributions to GAW Group 5: Linkage mapping methods, Problem 2

Here I summarize the contributions to Group 5 of Genetic Analysis Workshop 14, held in Noordwijkerhout in The Netherlands. The theme of this group was linkage mapping methods applied to the simulated data (Problem 2). A variety of approaches were taken, and a number of questions were examined. In addition to testing for linkage in regions harboring known disease or modifying loci, or testing for linkage across the genome, the contributions addressed such issues as whether power/significance could be improved by making use of subphenotypes in addition to the primary disease phenotype, by modeling interactions between loci, or by using meta‐analytic approaches to combine results from different populations. Most contributions were successful in identifying known disease loci D1 and D2, and for those contributions that examined the relevant regions, in identifying disease loci D3 and D4. The power to detect modifying loci D5 and D6 appeared to be lower. Some gain in power/significance was found from making use of subphenotypes and meta‐analytic approaches. Genet. Epidemiol. 29(Suppl. 1):S35–S40, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Divergent Trends and Differing Causal Logics : The Role of Bargaining Coordination when Explaining Earnings Inequality across Advanced Democratic Societies

The point of departure for this thesis is the divergent fate of organized labor during the last decades in the Western world. Given what we know about actual trends, how are we to explain the variation in the strength of organized labor across time and space? The thesis consists of four self-contained essays.Essay 1: Using aggregate data from 15 advanced capitalist societies, I show that the estimated effects of domestic cyclical, labor market structural, and globalization variables differ in a predictable manner across nation-specific institutional frame­works.Essay 2: In the second essay I argue that two institutional properties – the degree of centralization in the bargaining system and the workplace access of the union movement – will interactively influence the unionization process. The empirical results indicate that these institutional variables positively influence the aggregate density levels and cushion the effects of compositional factors on the probability of being a union member.Essay 3: In the third essay I argue that coordinated wage bargaining alters the causal logic when explaining wage inequality, in the sense that common explanatory factors have different effects depending on the degree of bargaining coordination. The evidence presented supports the theoretical argument.Essay 4: In this essay I propose a formal model of strike behavior predicting a curvilinear relationship between employer beliefs about union bargaining strength and the probability of a strike. Further, I argue that this curvilinear relationship is valid only under uncoordinated wage bargaining.
Comparison and evaluation of rigid and nonrigid registration of breast MR images

In this paper we present a new approach for the non-rigid registration of contrast-enhanced breast MRI. A hierarchical transformation model of the motion of the breast has been developed. The global motion of the breast is modelled by an affine transformation while the local breast motion is described by a free-form deformation based on B-splines. Normalized mutual information is used as a voxel-based similarity measure which is insensitive to intensity changes as the result of the contrast enhancement. Registration is achieved by minimizing a cost function which represents a combination of the cost associated with the smoothness of the transformation and the cost associated with the image similarity. The algorithm has been applied to the fully automated registration of 3D breast MRI in volunteers and patients. In particular, we have compared the results of the proposed non-rigid registration algorithm to those obtained using rigid and affine registration techniques. The results clearly indicate that the non-rigid registration algorithm is much better able to recover the motion and deformation of the breast than rigid or affine registration algorithms.
Magnetic confinement of the solar tachocline

Context. We study the physics of the solar tachocline (i.e. the thin transition layer between differential rotation in the convection zone and quasi uniform rotation in the radiative interior), and related MHD instabilities. Aims. We have performed 3D MHD simulations of the solar radiative interior to check whether a fossil magnetic field is able to prevent the spread of the tachocline. Methods. Starting with a purely poloidal magnetic field and a latitudinal shear meant to be imposed by the convection zone at the top of the radiation zone, we have investigated the interactions between magnetic fields, rotation and shear, using the spectral code ASH on massively parallel supercomputers. Results. In all cases we have explored, the fossil field diffuses outward and ends up connecting with the convection zone, whose differential rotation is then imprinted at latitudes above ≈40 ◦ throughout the radiative interior, according to Ferraro’s law of isorotation. Rotation remains uniform in the lower latitude region which is contained within closed field lines. We find that the meridional flow cannot stop the inward progression of the differential rotation. Further, we observe the development of non-axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic instabilities, first due to the initial poloidal configuration of the fossil field, and later to the toroidal field produced by shearing the poloidal field through the differential rotation. We do not find dynamo action as such in the radiative interior, since the mean poloidal field is not regenerated. But the instability persists during the whole evolution, while slowly decaying with the mean poloidal field; it is probably sustained by small departures from isorotation. Conclusions. According to our numerical simulations, a fossil magnetic field cannot prevent the radiative spread of the tachocline, and thus it is unable to enforce uniform rotation in the radiation zone. Neither can the observed thinness of that layer be invoked as a proof for such an internal fossil magnetic field.
Identifying similarities and differences across English and Arabic news

We present a new approach for summarizing topically clustered documents from two sources, En-glish and machine translated Arabic texts, that presents users with an overview of the differences in content of the two sources, and information that is supported by both sources. Our approach to multilingual multi-document summa-rization clusters all input document sentences, and identifies sentence clusters that contain information exclusive to the Arabic documents, information exclusive to the English documents, and information that is similar between the two. The result is a three-part summary describing information about the event that comes exclusively from Arabic sources, information coming exclusively from English sources, and information that both sources consider important, enabling analysts to more quickly understand differences between incoming documents from different sources. We report on a user evaluation of the summaries.
The Age of Em: Work, Love and Life When Robots Rule the Earth

Robots may one day rule the world, but what is a robot-ruled Earth like? Many think the first truly smart robots will be brain emulations or ems. Scan a human brain, then run a model with the same connections on a fast computer, and you have a robot brain, but recognizably human. Train an em to do some job and copy it a million times: an army of workers is at your disposal. When they can be made cheaply, within perhaps a century, ems will displace humans in most jobs. In this new economic era, the world economy may double in size every few weeks. Some say we can't know the future, especially following such a disruptive new technology, but Professor Robin Hanson sets out to prove them wrong. Applying decades of expertise in physics, computer science, and economics, he uses standard theories to paint a detailed picture of a world dominated by ems. While human lives don't change greatly in the em era, em lives are as different from ours as our lives are from those of our farmer and forager ancestors. Ems make us question common assumptions of moral progress, because they reject many of the values we hold dear. Read about em mind speeds, body sizes, job training and career paths, energy use and cooling infrastructure, virtual reality, aging and retirement, death and immortality, security, wealth inequality, religion, teleportation, identity, cities, politics, law, war, status, friendship and love. This book shows you just how strange your descendants may be, though ems are no stranger than we would appear to our ancestors. To most ems, it seems good to be an em.
Nash bargaining approach to design multi-objective MPC

In the standard MPC formulations, there is a single objective function which is normally the summation of weighted quadratic functions. Although several control specification can be considered in the single objective function, choosing the appropriate weighting factor associated with each cost function poses challenge to the control designers. This work proposes a novel MPC scheme based on multi-objective optimization. At each sampling time, the MPC control action is chosen among a set of optimal solutions based on the Nash bargaining solution. The stability and controller design are projected as LMIs. It is shown through the examples that the proposed method can provide better control performance compared with the other methods in the literature of control systems.
Neural abnormalities in early-onset and adolescence-onset conduct disorder.

CONTEXT Conduct disorder (CD) is characterized by severe antisocial behavior that emerges in childhood (early-onset CD [EO-CD]) or adolescence (adolescence-onset CD [AO-CD]). Early-onset CD is proposed to have a neurodevelopmental basis, whereas AO-CD is thought to emerge owing to social mimicry of deviant peers. However, this developmental taxonomic theory is debated after reports of neuropsychological impairments in both CD subtypes. A critical, although unaddressed, issue is whether these subtypes present similar or distinct neurophysiological profiles. Hence, we investigated neurophysiological responses to emotional and neutral faces in regions associated with antisocial behavior (ie, the amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex) in individuals with EO-CD and AO-CD and in healthy control subjects. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether EO-CD and AO-CD subjects show neurophysiological abnormalities. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Government research institute, university department. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-five male adolescents and young adults aged 16 to 21 years, including 27 with EO-CD, 25 with AO-CD, and 23 healthy controls. Main Outcome Measure Neural activations measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging while participants viewed angry, sad, and neutral faces. RESULTS Comparing angry vs neutral faces, participants with both CD subtypes displayed reduced responses in regions associated with antisocial behavior compared with controls; differences between the CD subtypes were not significant. Comparing each expression with fixation baseline revealed an abnormal (increased) amygdala response to neutral but not angry faces in both groups of CD relative to controls. For sad vs neutral faces, reduced amygdala activation was observed in EO-CD relative to AO-CD and control participants. Comparing each expression with fixation revealed hypoactive amygdala responses to sadness in individuals with EO-CD relative to AO-CD participants and controls. These findings were not accounted for by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Neurophysiological abnormalities are observed in both CD subtypes, contrary to the developmental taxonomic theory of CD. Additional amygdala hypofunction in relation to sad expressions might indicate why EO-CD is more severe and persistent than AO-CD.
Intrinsic gray-matter connectivity of the brain in adults with autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental conditions that are accompanied by atypical brain connectivity. So far, in vivo evidence for atypical structural brain connectivity in ASD has mainly been based on neuroimaging studies of cortical white matter. However, genetic studies suggest that abnormal connectivity in ASD may also affect neural connections within the cortical gray matter. Such intrinsic gray-matter connections are inherently more difficult to describe in vivo but may be inferred from a variety of surface-based geometric features that can be measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Here, we present a neuroimaging study that examines the intrinsic cortico-cortical connectivity of the brain in ASD using measures of “cortical separation distances” to assess the global and local intrinsic “wiring costs” of the cortex (i.e., estimated length of horizontal connections required to wire the cortex within the cortical sheet). In a sample of 68 adults with ASD and matched controls, we observed significantly reduced intrinsic wiring costs of cortex in ASD, both globally and locally. Differences in global and local wiring cost were predominantly observed in fronto-temporal regions and also significantly predicted the severity of social and repetitive symptoms (respectively). Our study confirms that atypical cortico-cortical “connectivity” in ASD is not restricted to the development of white-matter connections but may also affect the intrinsic gray-matter architecture (and connectivity) within the cortical sheet. Thus, the atypical connectivity of the brain in ASD is complex, affecting both gray and white matter, and forms part of the core neural substrates underlying autistic symptoms.
Using Corpus-derived Name Lists for Named Entity Recognition

This paper describes experiments to establish the performance of a named entity recognition system which builds categorized lists of names from manually annotated training data. Names in text are then identified using only these lists. This approach does not perform as well as state-of-the-art named entity recognition systems. However, we then show that by using simple filtering techniques for improving the automatically acquired lists, substantial performance benefits can be achieved, with resulting F-measure scores of 87% on a standard test set. These results provide a baseline against which the contribution of more sophisticated supervised learning techniques for NE recognition should be measured.
A mechanism for induction of a hypoxic response by vaccinia virus

Viruses have evolved sophisticated strategies to exploit host cell function for their benefit. Here we show that under physiologically normal oxygen levels (normoxia) vaccinia virus (VACV) infection leads to a rapid stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, its translocation into the nucleus and the activation of HIF-responsive genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glucose transporter-1, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1. HIF-1α stabilization is mediated by VACV protein C16 that binds the human oxygen sensing enzyme prolyl-hydroxylase domain containing protein (PHD)2 and thereby inhibits PHD2-dependent hydroxylation of HIF-1α. The binding between C16 and PHD2 is direct and specific, and ectopic expression of C16 alone induces transcription of HIF-1α responsive genes. Conversely, a VACV strain lacking the gene for C16, C16L, is unable to induce HIF-1α stabilization. Interestingly, the N-terminal region of C16 is predicted to have a PHD2-like structural fold but lacks the catalytic active site residues of PHDs. The induction of a hypoxic response by VACV is reminiscent of the biochemical consequences of solid tumor formation, and illustrates a poxvirus strategy for manipulation of cellular gene expression and biochemistry.
Similar but different: Interviewing monozygotic twins discordant for musical practice

Musical engagement is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Here, we explored non-genetic influences on musical engagement by performing semi-structured interviews of 10 Swedish monozygotic twin pairs that were highly discordant for piano practicing. The interviews were organized into five sections – (i) perceived reasons for the discordance; (ii) childhood differences in specific music related variables; (iii) strong memories of music; (iv) the perceived meaning of music in life and for health; and (v) language interests – and analyzed using response categorization. The playing twins from an early age found music more interesting and enjoyable than their co-twins and also gave richer and more elaborate descriptions of the meaning of music in life, in several cases emphasizing that music was important for their personal identity. In line with this, an analysis of previously collected web questionnaire data showed that the playing twins had a significantly higher openness to experience and proneness to experience flow during musical activities. In contrast, the twins reported essentially no within-pair differences in the musical engagement of their peers, parental support, music teacher, ensemble playing, public performances, and their interest and aptitude for languages. The interviews gave no indication that the differences in musical engagement were caused by systematic environmental influences that were consistent across twin pairs. Rather, the respondents presented a wide range of different explanations for their discordance in musical activity, suggesting that the remaining influences on musical engagement, when genetics and family environment are controlled for, may be highly individual and idiosyncratic.
Probabilistic sonar scan matching for an AUV

This paper proposes MSISpIC, a probabilistic sonar scan matching algorithm for the localization of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). The technique uses range scans gathered with a Mechanical Scanning Imaging Sonar (MSIS), the robot displacement estimated through dead-reckoning using a Doppler velocity log (DVL) and a motion reference unit (MRU). The proposed method is an extension of the pIC algorithm. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to estimate the robot-path during the scan in order to reference all the range and bearing measurements as well as their uncertainty to a scan fixed frame before registering. The major contribution consists of experimentally proving that probabilistic sonar scan matching techniques have the potential to improve the DVL-based navigation. The algorithm has been tested on an AUV guided along a 600 m path within an abandoned marina underwater environment with satisfactory results.
A novel Tactile Braille-Stroop test (TBSt)

Stroop interference effects occur when word reading and the target words’ print color naming are incongruent. This interference reflects reading proficiency while naming print color instead of reading color’s names. We devised a tactile version of the Stroop test in which the congruity between three target materials (paper, Braillon, and plastic) and the embossed materials’ names, in braille, was manipulated. The participants’ task was to palpate and name the target materials. The baseline condition was a board with 63 cells each containing one of the target materials. Three similarly constructed boards had (a) a single non-sensical triplet of braille letters embossed on all stimuli, and (b) the first three consonants of the material’s name, embossed in braille, congruently, or (c) incongruently. A total of 45 blind participants were tested: young adults, high school, and elementary school students (16, 10, and 3 mean years of braille reading, respectively). Older, more experienced braille readers showed the largest Stroop interference costs, in speed and accuracy, not only in the incongruent condition but also in the non-sense (non-word) condition compared to the congruent condition. Also, the adults committed more errors compared to high school students in the incongruent condition. However, the more experienced braille readers were faster in the congruent condition compared to the non-word condition. Elementary school children showed no relative gains in the congruent versus non-word condition, and only small incongruence (interference) costs in speed or accuracy. These findings indicate that braille reading competes with tactile material naming, as a function of reading proficiency, even for non-sensical letter strings, a Stroop effect.