Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Potential for Low-Level Transport of Black Carbon Emissions from Cropland Burning in Russia to the Snow-Covered Arctic

Short-lived aerosols and pollutants transported from northern mid-latitudes have amplified the short term warming in the Arctic region. Among those black carbon is recognized as the second most important human emission in regards to climate forcing, behind carbon dioxide, with a total climate forcing of +1.1Wm-2. Studies have suggested that cropland burning may be a large contributor to the black carbon emissions which are directly deposited on the snow in the Arctic. However, commonly applied atmospheric transport models rely on estimates of black carbon emissions from cropland burning which are known to be highly inaccurate in both the amount and the timing of release. Instead, this study quantifies the potential for the deposition of hypothetical black carbon emissions from known cropland burning in Russia, identified by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) active fire detections, through low-level transport to the snow in the Arctic using wind vectors from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts’ ERA-Interim Reanalysis product. Our results confirm that Russian cropland burning is a potentially significant source of black carbon deposition on the Arctic snow in the spring despite the low injection heights associated with cropland burning. Approximately 10% of the observed spring (March - May) cropland active fires (7% annual) likely contribute to black carbon deposition on the Arctic snow from as far south as at least 40°N. Furthermore, our results show that potential spring black carbon emissions from cropland burning in Russia can be deposited beyond 80°N, however, the majority (~90% - depending on injection height) of all potential spring deposition occurs below 75°N.
Effects of RANKL on the thymic medulla

The thymic medulla provides a microenvironment where medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) contribute to the establishment of self‐tolerance by the deletion of self‐reactive T cells and the generation of regulatory T cells. The progression of thymocyte development critically regulates the optimum formation of the thymic medulla, as discussed in this article. Of note, it was recently identified that RANKL produced by positively selected thymocytes plays a major role in the thymocyte‐mediated medulla formation. Indeed, transgenic expression of soluble RANKL increased the number of mTECs and enlarged the thymic medulla in mice. The effects of RANKL on the thymic medulla may be useful for the engineering of self‐tolerance in T cells.
Segmentation and Feature Extraction Techniques, with Applications to MRI Head Studies

To obtain a three‐dimensional reconstruction of the hippocampus from a volumetric MRI head study, it is necessary to separate that structure not only from the surrounding white matter, but also from contiguous areas of gray matter–the amygdala and cerebral cortex. At present it is necessary for a physician to manually segment the hippocampus on each slice of the volume to obtain such a reconstruction. This process is time consuming, and is subject to inter‐ and intra‐operator variation as well as large discontinuities between slices. We propose a novel technique, making use of a combination of gray scale and edge‐detection algorithms and some a priori knowledge, by which a computer may make an unsupervised identification of a given structure through a series of contiguous images. This technique is applicable even if the structure includes so‐called false contours or missing contours. Applications include three‐dimensional reconstruction of difficult‐to‐segment regions of the brain, and volumetric measurements of structures from series of two‐dimensional images.
Efficacy and safety of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren and ramipril alone or in combination in patients with diabetes and hypertension

Objective. To assess the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of the combination of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren and ramipril in patients with diabetes and hypertension. Methods. In this double-blind, multicentre trial, 837 patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension (mean sitting diastolic blood pressure [BP] > 95 and < 110 mmHg) were randomised to once-daily aliskiren (150 mg titrated to 300 mg after four weeks; n=282), ramipril (5 mg titrated to 10 mg; n=278) or the combination (n=277) for eight weeks. Efficacy variables were cuff mean sitting diastolic BP (msDBP) and mean sitting systolic BP (msSBP); 24-hour ambulatory BP, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma renin concentration (PRC) were also assessed. Results. At week 8, aliskiren, ramipril and aliskiren/ramipril lowered msDBP (mean±SEM) by 11.3±0.5, 10.7±0.5 and 12.8±0.5 mmHg, and msSBP by 14.7±0.9, 12.0±0.9 and 16.6±0.9 mmHg, respectively. Aliskiren/ramipril provided superior msDBP reductions to ramipril (p=0.004) or aliskiren (p=0043) monotherapy; adding aliskiren to ramipril provided an additional mean BP reduction of 4.6/2.1 mmHg. Aliskiren monotherapy was non-inferior to ramipril for msDBP reduction (p=0.0002) and superior for msSBP reduction (p=0.021). All treatments significantly lowered mean 24-hour ambulatory BP. Aliskiren significantly reduced PRA from baseline as monotherapy (by 66%, p<0.0001) or in combination with ramipril (by 48%, p<0.0001), despite large increases in PRC in all treatment groups. Aliskiren was well tolerated as monotherapy or in combination with ramipril. Conclusions. Combining aliskiren with ramipril provided a greater reduction in msDBP than either drug alone in patients with diabetes and hypertension.
Occupational Therapy Services in Facilitating Work Participation and Performance

The purpose of this statement is to describe for internal and external audiences the role of occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants1 in facilitating the successful engagement of people, groups, and populations in work activities and meaningful work roles. The overarching goal of occupational therapy is to support people’s “health, well-being, and participation in life through engagement in occupation” (American Occupational Therapy Association [AOTA], 2014b, p. S4). Occupations are “everyday activities that people do as individuals, in families and with communities to occupy time and bring meaning and purpose to life. Occupations include things that people need to, want to and are expected to do” (World Federation of Occupational Therapists, 2017, para. 2).
Mutated Yeast Heat Shock Transcription Factor Activates Transcription Independently of Hyperphosphorylation*

The homotrimeric heat shock transcription factor (HSF) binds to the heat shock element of target genes and regulates transcription in response to various stresses. The Hsf1 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is extensively phosphorylated upon heat shock; a modification that is under positive regulation by its C-terminal regulatory domain (CTM). Hyperphosphorylation has been implicated in gene-specific transcriptional activation. Here, we surveyed genes whose heat shock response is reduced by a CTM mutation. The CTM is indispensable for transcription via heat shock elements bound by a single Hsf1 trimer but is dispensable for transcription via heat shock elements bound by Hsf1 trimers in a cooperative manner. Intragenic mutations located within or near the wing region of the winged helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain suppress the temperature-sensitive growth phenotype associated with the CTM mutation and enable Hsf1 to activate transcription independently of hyperphosphorylation. Deletion of the wing partially restores the transcriptional defects of the unphosphorylated Hsf1. These results demonstrate a functional link between hyperphosphorylation and the wing region and suggest that this modification is involved in a conformational change of a single Hsf1 trimer to an active form.
Gyroscope drift correction based on TDoA technology in support of Pedestrian Dead Reckoning

Precise and robust localization of humans is one of the most demanding challenges that researchers face these days. GPS provides a perfect solution in open areas with acceptable localization accuracy. However, in indoor environments where GPS service is almost denied, dead reckoning algorithms that utilize low cost sensors provide alternative solutions for such environments. In this work, we use low cost MEMS (accelerometer and gyroscope) sensors to achieve Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) based on the zero-velocity update (ZUPT) strategy. We also propose a novel drift correction mechanism using a TDoA technology; namely, the MIT Cricket.
Appendix : The Proof of Correctness

A stoppable state machine is one whose execution can be terminated by a special stopping command. Stoppable state machines can be used to implement reconfiguration in a replicated state machine; a reconfigurable state machine is implemented by a sequence of stoppable state machines, each running in a fixed configuration. Stoppable Paxos, a variant of the ordinary Paxos algorithm, implements a replicated stoppable state machine.
Building collagen molecules, fibrils, and suprafibrillar structures.

Fibril-forming collagens are synthesized in precursor form, procollagens, with N- and C-terminal propeptide extensions. The C-propeptides direct chain association during intracellular assembly of the procollagen molecule from its three constituent polypeptide chains. Following or during secretion into the extracellular matrix, propeptides are cleaved by specific procollagen proteinases, thereby triggering fibril formation. The recent determination of the low-resolution structure of the C-propeptide trimer gives insights into the mechanism of procollagen chain association. In the extracellular matrix, the procollagen C-propeptides ensure procollagen solubility, while persistence of the N-propeptides controls fibril shape. Mechanisms for the control of fibril diameter are reviewed in terms of the radial packing model for collagen fibril structure. Finally, procollagen molecules have recently been shown to undergo liquid crystalline ordering in solution, prior to fibril assembly. This may provide an explanation for the liquid crystal-like suprafibrillar architectures of different connective tissues.
Correlates of Risky Behaviors Among Young and Older Men Having Sexual Relations With Men in Montréal, Québec, Canada

Objective: To assess characteristics associated with 1) age and 2) recent unprotected anal sex with casual partners among men having sexual relations with men (MSM) participating in the Omega Cohort, Montréal, Québec, Canada. Methods: The Omega Cohort is a study of the incidence and psychosocial determinants of HIV infection among MSM living in Montréal. MSM complete a questionnaire and are tested for HIV every 6 months. Results: Thirteen percent of young MSM (<30 years of age, n = 355) and 12% of older MSM (≥30 years of age, n = 455) reported recent unprotected anal sex with casual partners. The predictors of this latter behavior were: not living with a male sexual partner, unprotected anal sex with regular partner, >5 casual partners, alcohol/ drug use before anal sex, and having difficulties with procedures needed for safe sex. Among young MSM, additional predictors were: to have been living in Montréal for less than 1 year and to have exchanged money for sex. Among older MSM, additional predictors were: female sexual partners, unprotected anal sex with an HIV‐infected partner, and feeling invulnerable to AIDS. Conclusion: Young Omega participants do not have more risky behaviors than older participants. Some predictors of recent risk behaviors with casual partners were different between the two groups. Prevention programs should be adapted consequently.
SPECTRAL SCALING LAWS IN MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE SIMULATIONS AND IN THE SOLAR WIND

The question is addressed as to what extent incompressible magnetohydrodynamics can describe random magnetic and velocity fluctuations measured in the solar wind. It is demonstrated that distributions of spectral indices for the velocity, magnetic field, and total energy obtained from high-resolution numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to solar wind observations at 1 AU. Both simulations and observations show that in the inertial range the magnetic field spectrum Eb is steeper than the velocity spectrum Ev with Eb ≳ Ev and that the magnitude of the residual energy ER = Ev − Eb decreases nearly following a k−2⊥ scaling.
I T ] 7 A pr 2 01 6 On Multi-Point Local Decoding of Reed-Muller Codes

Reed-Muller codes are among the most important classes of locally correctable codes. Currently local decoding of Reed-Muller codes is based on decoding on lines or quadratic curves to recover one single coordinate. To recover multiple coordinates simultaneously, the naive way is to repeat the local decoding for recovery of a single coordinate. This decoding algorithm might be more expensive, i.e., require higher query complexity. In this paper, we focus on Reed-Muller codes with evaluation polynomials of total degree d . σ √ q for some σ ∈ (0, 1). By introducing a local decoding of Reed-Muller codes via the concept of codex that has been used for arithmetic secret sharing [6, 7], we are able to locally recover arbitrarily large number k of coordinates simultaneously at the cost of querying O(k √ q) coordinates, where q is the code alphabet size. It turns out that our local decoding of ReedMuller codes shows (perhaps surprisingly) that accessing k locations is in fact cheaper than repeating the procedure for accessing a single location for k times. In contrast, by repetition of local decoding for recovery of a single coordinate, one has to query Ω(k √ q log k/ log q) coordinates for k = q √ q) (and query O(kq) coordinates for k = q √ , respectively). Furthermore, our decoding success probability is 1 − ǫ with ǫ = O (
AXIOpedia : Enriching DBpedia with OWL Axioms from Wikipedia

The Semantic Web relies on the creation of rich knowledge bases which link data on the Web. Having access to such a knowledge base enables significant progress in difficult and challenging tasks such as semantic annotation and retrieval. DBpedia, the RDF representation of Wikipedia, is considered today as the central interlinking hub for the emerging Web of data. However, DBpedia still displays some substantial limitations such as the lack of class definitions and the lack of significant taxonomical links. The objective of this work is to enrich DBpedia with OWL-defined classes and taxonomical links using open information extraction from Wikipedia. We propose a pattern-based approach that relies on SPARQL to automatically extract axioms from Wikipedia definitions. We run the system on 12,901,822 Wikipedia pages (including disambiguation pages). The resulting knowledge base, AXIOpedia benefits from a rich and consistent ontology with complex axioms, rdf:subclassOf and rdf:type relations. Keyword. Ontology Learning, Knowledge Extraction, DBpedia.
Evolving Micro for 3 D Real-Time Strategy Games

This paper extends prior work in generating two dimensional micro for Real-Time Strategy games to three dimensions. We extend our influence map and potential fields representation to three dimensions and compare two hill-climbers with a genetic algorithm on the problem of generating high performance influence map, potential field, and reactive control parameters that control the behavior of units in an open source Real-Time Strategy game. Results indicate that genetic algorithms evolve better behaviors for ranged units that inflict damage on enemies while kiting to avoid damage. Additionally, genetic algorithms evolve better behaviors for melee units that concentrate firepower on selective enemies to decrease the opposing army’s effectiveness. Evolved behaviors, particularly for ranged units, generalize well to new scenarios. Our work thus provides evidence for the viability of an influence map and potential fields based representation for reactive control algorithms in games, 3D simulations, and aerial vehicle swarms.
Contrasting roles for Vα14+ natural killer T cells in a viral model for multiple sclerosis

Most natural killer (NK) T cells express an invariant Vα14 T-cell receptor. To explore the contribution of NKT cells in an animal model for multiple sclerosis, Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection, TMEV-infected mice were treated with Vα14 antibody. Treatment during the early stage of infection delayed the onset of demyelinating disease with higher interleukin-4 production, whereas administration during the late stage or weekly resulted in more severe demyelination with enhanced virus persistence. The effect of in vivo depletion of NKT cells differed depending on the stage of infection, suggesting contrasting roles for NKT cells over the disease course.
Determining the Optimal Size and Economic Efficiency of Paddy Farms in KB Province , Iran

In this paper the optimal size of rice farms using cost functions, technical, allocative and economic efficiency of paddy farms of Kohgiluye-va-Boyerahmad (KB) province were calculated using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The data was collected in sectional from by a questionnaire and using stratified random sampling. A total of 132 farmers were interviewed in the province. The mean technical, allocative and economic efficiency of paddy farmers in KB province was estimated 62.1, 74.3 and 44.6 percents respectively. The difference between the economic efficiency of the best farmer and the sample mean was calculated 55 percent. Thus, there is a huge gap in the ability of the farmers in gaining the maximum profit regarding the consumption amount and input prices and the product that can be optimized by improving the efficiency of the farmers. The optimum size of paddy field in the province is about 1.7 ha. Therefore, land utilization policies in the future shall be so that the integrity of the land and land parts approach the border of 1.7 ha.
Interleukin-10 gene promoter polymorphism in patients with schizophrenia in a region of East Turkey

Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychiatric disorders, with a worldwide incidence of 1%. Immunological abnormalities have been found to be associated with schizophrenia for decades. Cytokines are key proteins involved in the immune system activation. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an important immunoregulatory cytokine, is located on chromosome 1q31–32, a region previously reported to be linked to schizophrenia in genetic studies. In the present study it was aimed to examine the IL-10 gene promoter region's polymorphic variants in patients with schizophrenia in a population of the Elazig Region of East Anatolia, Turkey. Polymorphisms at position −1082, −819 and−592 in the IL-10 promoter region were determined in 171 Turkish patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia, based on the DSM-IV, and 168 healthy controls, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). We analyzed allele, genotype, and haplotype distributions using a case–control association study. Genotyping was performed by RFLP. Statistically significant differences were observed in both allelic and genotypic frequencies of the−592A/C polymorphism (Allele, P=0.034, OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.02–1.56; Genotype, P=0.048), while the other two polymorphisms in distribution of the alleles and genotypes in patients with schizophrenia were not significantly different from those of controls (P>0.05). Our results show a significant increase of GTA homozygotes (the high IL-10-producing haplotype) in schizophrenic patients compared to control subjects (P=0.0001). These data suggest that the IL-10 gene promoter polymorphism may be one of the susceptibility factors to develop schizophrenia in the Turkish population, and apparently in all humans.
An approach for developing a schemaless XML dataspace profiling system

Dataspace systems have been proposed recently as an alternative to the traditional data integration approach. They offer reduced setup time and costs by allowing cooperation among the data sources based on the knowledge gained gradually through user interaction. A dataspace is a collection of heterogeneous and beforehand unfamiliar but interrelated data sources. In this article, we consider dataspaces composed of XML-based data sources. The XML query and analysis systems designed to satisfy the user’s sophisticated information needs presuppose that they are familiar with the contents, structures and semantics of the underlying data sources. In order to provide this information, we introduce and specify a schemaless XML dataspace profiling system that assists the user in selecting data sources relevant to him/her and in validating their consistency by detecting the potential data conflicts among them. We also demonstrate how our approach affords the possibility of utilizing an advanced XML query system.
An inverse-modelling approach for frequency response correction of capacitive humidity sensors in ABL research with small remotely piloted aircraft (RPA)

Abstract. The measurement of water vapour concentration in the atmosphere is an ongoing challenge in environmental research. Satisfactory solutions exist for ground-based meteorological stations and measurements of mean values. However, carrying out advanced research of thermodynamic processes aloft as well, above the surface layer and especially in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), requires the resolution of small-scale turbulence. Sophisticated optical instruments are used in airborne meteorology with manned aircraft to achieve the necessary fast-response measurements of the order of 10 Hz (e.g. LiCor 7500). Since these instruments are too large and heavy for the application on small remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), a method is presented in this study that enhances small capacitive humidity sensors to be able to resolve turbulent eddies of the order of 10 m. The sensor examined here is a polymer-based sensor of the type P14-Rapid, by the Swiss company Innovative Sensor Technologies (IST) AG, with a surface area of less than 10 mm2 and a negligible weight. A physical and dynamical model of this sensor is described and then inverted in order to restore original water vapour fluctuations from sensor measurements. Examples of flight measurements show how the method can be used to correct vertical profiles and resolve turbulence spectra up to about 3 Hz. At an airspeed of 25 m s−1 this corresponds to a spatial resolution of less than 10 m.
Channel Assignment Schemes Optimization for Multi-Interface Wireless Mesh Networks Based on Link Load

© 2012 Pollak and Wieser, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Channel Assignment Schemes Optimization for Multi-Interface Wireless Mesh Networks Based on Link Load
Taxonomy and evolutionary relationships within species of section Rimosae (Inocybe) based on ITS, LSU and mtSSU sequence data

The present study aimed at elucidating the structure of Inocybe subg. Inosperma sect. Rimosae but included also representatives from subg. Mallocybe and the genus Auritella. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using ITS, LSU and mtSSU sequence data. The analyses recovered the ingroup as a monophyletic, strongly supported clade. The results indicate that recognizing Auritella on the genus level renders Inocybe paraphyletic. The species traditionally placed in sect. Rimosae were found to be distributed over two strongly supported clades, Maculata and Rimosae s.s. The Maculata clade clusters with sect. Cervicolores and the two represent subg. Inosperma in a strict sense. Rimosae s.s. emerges as an independent, supported clade well separated from Inosperma s.s. Twenty-one terminal groups were correlated with morphologically distinct species. In addition several taxa on single branches and minor less supported clades were recovered. A key to the identified species of the Maculata and Rimosae s.s. clades which occur in Northwest Europe is provided.