Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network Analysis of Legislators and Committees based on bills in the 18th and 19th National Assembly, Korea

Abstract The purpose of this study is analyzing the network of the National Assembly based on the bill data in 18th, 19th National Assembly lawmakers submit to Committees. By using bipartite projection we find out a strong committee and understand the relationship of committees. We focused on bills that ten or more of the legislators propose and compare between the first opposition party and the ruling party, which accounts for more than 80% of the overall structure of the National Assembly. We point out an influential legislator and committee in the network. This result presents which committees and lawmakers have a significant effect on process of legislation. This work gives a reasonable source as qualified to judge whether the committee and legislators group enact positively or not. Key Words : Network analysis, bipartite projection, National Assembly of Korea * 본 연구는 미래창조과학부 및 한국인터넷진흥원의 "고용계약형 지식정보보안 석사과정 지원사업"(H2101-13-1001)과 2014년도 정부(미래창조과학부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 기초연구사업 지원(NRF-2013R1A1A1012797)을 받아 수행된 것임Received 3 December 2013, Revised 16 January 2014Accepted 20 February 2014Corresponding Author: Ji won YoonEmail:jiwon_yoon@korea.ac. krⒸ The Society of Digital Policy & Management. All rights reserved. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.otg/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.ISSN: 1738-1916
Human capital development policies: enhancing employees' satisfaction

– The aim of this article is to gain insight into some of the human capital development (HCD) policies that enhance employee satisfaction. A salient focus of the study is to assess whether employees in globalised foreign‐owned MNCs are likely to be more satisfied with the HCD policies than with the practices employed by locally owned MNCs. , – Specifically, four MNCs in the chemical industry, which were selected based on equity ownership, were analysed to ascertain whether employees in these MNCs in Malaysia are satisfied with the HCD policies by providing an account of the satisfaction level of the employees with the HCD policies in these four Malaysian MNCs. , – A main conclusion from the findings of this research is that respondents in European MNCs are generally more satisfied than respondents in Asian‐owned MNCs with the HCD policies of the company. On the whole, European MNCs place more importance in HCD but it cannot be concluded that foreign‐owned MNCs have better HCD policies and hence higher employee satisfaction with the HCD policies compared with locally owned MNCs. , – Similar research could be conducted on a larger sample, incorporating MNCs of different equity ownership, to determine how HCD policies of globalised MNCs affect employee satisfaction. Further research could be extended to different regions and sectors. , – It provides an insight of desirable HCD practices that human capital practitioners could develop to create competitive advantage through their human capital assets. , – In addition to identifying the relevant HCD practices, commentary is provided of current knowledge in terms of best HCD practices that could be emulated by local organisations as well as other institutions in the Asia Pacific region.
Cloning, Heterologous Expression, and Characterization of a Phenylalanine Aminomutase Involved in Taxol Biosynthesis*

Biosynthesis of the N-benzoyl phenylisoserinoyl side chain of the anticancer drug Taxol starts with the conversion of 2S-α-phenylalanine to 3R-β-phenylalanine by phenylalanine aminomutase (PAM). A gene cloning approach was based on the assumption that PAM would resemble the well known plant enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase. A phenylalanine ammonia lyase-like sequence acquired from a Taxus cuspidata cDNA library was expressed functionally in Escherichia coli and confirmed as the target aminomutase that is virtually identical to the recombinant enzyme and clone from Taxus chinensis, acquired recently by a reverse genetics approach (Bristol-Myers Squibb (August 14, 2003) U. S. Patent WO 03/066871 A2). The full-length cDNA has an open reading frame of 2094 base pairs and encodes a protein of 698 residues with a calculated molecular mass of 76,530 Da. The recombinant mutase has a pH optimum of 8.5, a kcat value of 0.015 s–1, and a Km of 45 ± 8 μm for 2S-α-phenylalanine. The stereochemical mechanism of PAM involves the removal and interchange of the pro-3S hydrogen and the amino group, which rebonds at C-3 with retention of configuration. The recombinant enzyme appears to catalyze both the forward and reverse reactions with specificity for both 2S-α-phenylalanine and 3S- or 3R-β-phenylalanine substrates, respectively, whereas the related phenylpropanoids 2S-aminocyclohexanepropanoic acid, 2R-α-phenylalanine, and 2S-α-tyrosine are not converted to their β-isomers by the mutase.
Sources of Fluctuations: The Case of MENA

We analyze the sources of macroeconomic fluctuations in the emerging countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. The model economy captures some important structural characteristics of the MENA countries and can replicate the main properties of their business cycles. The results suggest that a substantial fraction of cyclical fluctuations in the MENA countries is explained by terms of trade shocks, which account for more than 60 percent of the variation in aggregate output. They also explain the bulk of cyclical fluctuations in aggregate consumption. Domestic productivity shocks explain close to 40 percent of business cycle variation in aggregate output. Government spending shocks and world interest shocks are also important in accounting for the volatility of business cycles in certain macroeconomic variables, but their overall effect on the dynamics of aggregate output appears to be relatively small.
Amplification and novel locations of endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus genomes in mouse T-cell lymphomas

Endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus genomes are amplified and located in novel cell DNA sequences in many mouse T-cell lymphomas. Transplanted tumors recovered from the same mouse strain and shown to be of independent origin by chromosomal analysis, by the presence of JH immunoglobulin gene rearrangements, or by the integration patterns of exogenous Moloney MuLV genomes frequently showed similar patterns of novel mouse mammary tumor virus-containing cell DNA fragments. This process of amplification and relocation can occur within a limited number of cell generations and in C57BL/6 mice does not lead to the synthesis of mature virus-encoded proteins. In some instances, amplified mouse mammary tumor virus genomes contained novel restriction cleavage sites in the gag-pol region. The restricted time course of occurrence, lack of synthesis of mature virion proteins, and apparent site specificity indicate that this process of retrovirus amplification differs significantly from virus replication after exogenous infection.
How Options Provided by Storage Affect Electricity Prices

Generators supplying electricity markets are subject to volatile input and output prices and uncertain fuel availability. We show that a price-taking generator will generate only when the output price exceeds its operational marginal cost by the value of the option to delay the use of stored fuel. This option value, which is an increasing function of spot price volatility and the uncertainty about fuel availability, must be considered when evaluating whether market power is present in electricity markets. We calibrate our model to the California electricity market and show the implications of Hurricane Katrina for generators’ offers. The standard approach for simulating electricity supply curves for use in market power evaluations just uses operational marginal cost. Our work demonstrates that operational marginal cost is a lower bound for total short-run marginal cost and may considerably underestimate actual short-run marginal cost even in the complete absence of market power.
Hanging together or hanging separately: is competition law in the process of eclipsing financial regulation?

This article examines the potential for the application of competition law in the banking sector to eclipse financial regulation. Financial regulation has changed in response to the global financial crisis. Competition law acts to promote the interests of consumers, whereas finance regulation at best only protects the interests of consumers. Successful use of leniency provisions means that competition law is achieving successes in punishing financial institutions that have engaged in cartel conduct. This success may lead to regulatory scope creep and the application of abuse of market power provisions in the financial sector unless financial regulation can be seen to be for the benefit of consumers, rather than the regulated.
Increased brain apparent diffusion coefficient in children with neurofibromatosis type 1.

PURPOSE To describe the changes in brain water diffusibility in five anatomic locations in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF 1) compared with these changes in control subjects and to describe the water diffusibility changes associated with hyperintense basal ganglia lesions in children with NF 1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty highly related pairs of children consisting of one child with NF 1 and one unaffected child were examined. Prospective comparisons of isotropic apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values at five anatomic locations were performed, with and without T2-hyperintense lesions included. Retrospective analysis of hyperintense globus pallidus lesions in 16 children and in the paired control subjects also was performed. RESULTS Significant increases in ADC values were seen in all five anatomic locations in the NF 1 group. The greatest increases were seen in the globus pallidus (14%; P =.002) and brachium pontis (10.8%; P =.003). With exclusion of hyperintense lesions, significant ADC increases were measured in four locations. Significant ADC increases were seen in hyperintense globus pallidus lesions in the NF 1 group compared with ADC values in the normal-appearing contralateral globus pallidus (4.9%; P =.02) and those in the globus pallidus of the paired control subjects (16%; P =.003). CONCLUSION Significant ADC increases were measured both in the hyperintense lesions and in the normal-appearing areas of the brain in children with NF 1.
Innovation projects need resilience

In this paper we examine what enables (or hinders) innovation project to create innovation whilst being part in a system of innovation. By using complexity theory and the notion of resilience, we show that the complexity in innovation projects stems from being knowledge intensive, having multiple stakeholders involved, and that time lags occur during the project. To handle these constant challenges, there is a need of supporting resources that enable projects to be resilient, i.e., able to respond constructively without "cracking under the pressure". Our conclusion is that key, and external, actors should strive to create an environment that enables resilience.
The business cycle has not been dampened: The case of Sweden and the United States 1873-1988

Abstract The view that post-World War II stabilization policies have reduced economic fluctuations compared to earlier periods is widely held. This is particularly the case in Sweden, long the showcase of an “ambitious” economic policy aimed at stabilizing employment and output, as well as in the United States. In this study, we reexamine the Swedish and the U.S. evidence using a wide set of data. We conclude, contrary to conventional wisdom, that economic fluctuations in Sweden and in the United States have not been significantly dampened when comparing the pre-World War I period with the post-World War II war era.
Inflorescence Development and the Role of LsFT in Regulating Bolting in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most important leafy vegetable that is consumed during its vegetative growth. The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is induced by high temperature, which has significant economic effect on lettuce production. However, the progression of floral transition and the molecular regulation of bolting are largely unknown. Here we morphologically characterized the inflorescence development and functionally analyzed the FLOWERING LOCUS T (LsFT) gene during bolting regulation in lettuce. We described the eight developmental stages during floral transition process. The expression of LsFT was negatively correlated with bolting in different lettuce varieties, and was promoted by heat treatment. Overexpression of LsFT could recover the late-flowering phenotype of ft-2 mutant. Knockdown of LsFT by RNA interference dramatically delayed bolting in lettuce, and failed to respond to high temperature. Therefore, this study dissects the process of inflorescence development and characterizes the role of LsFT in bolting regulation in lettuce.
Spatial Literacies, Design Texts, and Emergent Pedagogies in Purposeful Literacy Curriculum

There has recently been an emphasis within literacy studies on both the spatial dimensions of social practices (Leander & Sheehy, 2004) and the importance of incorporating design and multiple modes of meaning-making into contemporary understandings of literacy (Cope & Kalantzis, 2000; New London Group, 1996). Kress (2003), in particular, has outlined the potential implications of the cultural shift from the dominance of writing based on a logic of time and sequence in time to the dominance of the mode of the image based on a logic of space. However, the widespread redesign of curriculum and pedagogy by classroom teachers to allow students to capitalise on the various affordances of different modes of meaning-making—including the spatial—remains in an emergent stage. We report on a project in which university researchers' expertise in architecture, literacy, and communications enabled two teachers in one school to expand the forms of literacy that primary school children engaged in. Starting from the school community's concerns about an urban renewal project in their neighbourhood, we worked together to develop a curriculum of spatial literacies with real-world goals and outcomes.
The China Growth Miracle: The Role of the Formal and the Informal Institutions

type="main" xml:id="twec12193-abs-0001"> This paper examines why China, in spite of its ordinary institutions, can grow so rapidly and for so long. Since each region in China has different quality of institutions and growth rates, we look into provincial and city data for this investigation. The variables formal and informal institutions are added into the conventional cross-section growth equation. The quality of the formal (informal) institution is taken from an opinion survey on the effectiveness of city governance conducted by the World Bank in 2006 (can be measured by the share of township-and-village enterprise in each province during 1978–2002 or by the trust index from surveys). We conclude that it is the informal institution that drives the rapid growth in China. Further investigation, using panel data and Arellano-Bond system GMM estimator, which controls for the missing fixed effect in cross-provincial regressions and provides useful instrument, confirms.
Participation in Organizational Change Processes in Human Services Organizations: The Experiences of One Group of Frontline Social Workers

This article, which was part of a larger study, is an exploratory study of the participation of frontline social workers in organizational change processes and products, and its perceived impacts as experienced by them. The study explores the inputs that social workers had into a rapid and pervasive organizational change experience, their perceived impacts on the process, the impact on the social workers themselves both professionally and personally, and the perceived impacts on client programs and services. The article also discusses the implications of the study for both organizations and social workers that may experience organizational change processes and products in the future.
Effects of microstructures on microwave properties in Y-Ba-Cu-O microstrip-resonators

We examined the microwave properties of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ films with different microstructures at 5.7 GHz using a microstrip resonator technique. The films were prepared with several types of substrate temperature profiles. Films with small grains (/spl sim/100 nm) and larger critical current density show fairly small rf magnetic field dependence of surface resistance and resonance frequency up to about 50 Oe. On the other hand, films with large grains (/spl sim/200 nm) and smaller critical current density show significant changes in these properties. These results suggest that the coupling strength at the grain boundaries mainly dominates the power handling capability, according to a qualitative explanation based on the coupled-grain model. <<ETX>>
Ethanol Sensor Based on Au-doped ZnO Nanostructures

Ethanol sensing characteristics of ethanol sensor based on Au-doped ZnO nanostructures were studied. Au-doped ZnO nanostructures with 5% gold by weight were prepared by thermal oxidation technique. The sintering time was varied for 6 hours and 24 hours. The wire-like or belt-like nanostructures with the sharp ends outward from microparticles were observed. The diameter and length of ZnO nanostructures are in the range of 250-750 nm and 1.7-7.0 mum, respectively, with the average diameter of 500 nm. EDS spectrum shows Au signal confirming incorporation of Au into ZnO nanostructures. For 24 hours sintering time, the diameter and length of ZnO nanostructures are 170-500 nm and 2.0-7.0 jim, respectively, with the average diameter of 330 nm. The average diameter for 24 hours sintering time is smaller than that of 6 hours sintering time. The response and recovery characteristics of Au-doped ZnO nanostructures upon exposure to ethanol concentration of 1000 ppm at different operating temperatures suggest that the sensitivity depend on operating temperatures. It is found that the highest sensitivity is 88 at 280 degC for 6 hours sintering time and about 170 at 300-320 degC for 24 hours sintering time. The longer sintering times the higher the sensitivity. The enhancement of sensitivity for longer sintering time may be explained in terms of the smaller size of nanostructures due to the increase of effective surface for absorption of ethanol on the surface.
Valuing natural heritage: park visitors' values related to World Heritage sites in the USA

The World Heritage Convention rests on the assumption that World Heritage sites hold value for people globally and that these values promote protection of sites. This study focuses on natural sites, selected for environmental significance. All World Heritage sites are also supposed to be of ‘outstanding universal value’, with a variety of values attributed to them in World Heritage and other documents, including aesthetic, cultural and spiritual values. This study investigates via a survey whether such values are recognized by visitors to natural sites in the USA, and how useful they are for generating support for sites. Most visitors appreciated sites primarily for their environmental importance; a minority recognized other values listed in World Heritage documents, even though most visitors had little understanding of the Convention itself. In general, recognition of World Heritage status did not translate into greater protection or support for sites beyond what they already receive as national parks, even though most visitors and park personnel were supportive of World Heritage goals. For a minority of visitors, the global framework in which the World Heritage Convention operates had negative connotations, owing to questions of how ultimate responsibility for sites should be divided between national and international scales.
Cities, Poverty and Development: Urbanization in the Third World

This study presents a comprehensive account of Third World urbanization by reaching across disciplinary boundaries and regional specializations. It discusses the evolution of Third World cities as part of the world system; the nature of urban and regional disparities within countries; the causes and patterns of rural-urban migration; the structure of urban labour markets and the lack of productive employment; the urban housing market and popular responses to it; urban ways of life and the adaptation of migrants; various patterns of political conflict; and current issues in urban and regional planning. The book does not aim to be neutral in its review of different ideas and strategies and is sometimes provocative. It reviews and criticizes the principal ideas relating to development and urbanization drawing on both liberal and Marxist perspectives in an effort to relate urban phenomena to the process of development in an unequal world. At the same time it is cognizant of the fact that major economic and cultural differences exist within the Third World; because these variations are so great it argues that no single response to the urbanization process All those concerned with development problems in the social sciences and in urban and regional planning.
Adoptively transferred anti-idiotype pulsed B cells mediate autoimmune myocarditis

Syngeneic mice receiving adoptively transferred enriched B cells or splenocytes pulsed in vitro with polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Ids) against anti-CVB3 virus antibodies developed coxsackievirus B3 antigen-binding and virus-neutralizing antibodies during a 30-day period, in addition to overt expression of autoimmune myocarditis. Adoptive transfer of anti-Id pulsed T cells resulted in delayed appearance and transient expression of antiviral antibodies, and antiviral antibodies were marginal to absent in syngeneic animals receiving anti-Id pulsed macrophage populations. Proliferation analysis of recipient splenocytes indicated lack of proliferative capacity in response to monoclonal or polyclonal anti-Ids and only marginal proliferative capacity in response to coxsackievirus B3 virus antigen(s). In vitro assessment of delayed hypersensitivity in recipient animals demonstrated some specific immunity to anti-Ids in recipients receiving splenocytes or T cells. Anti-Ids expressing mimicry for heart-associated and/or viral antigen(s) interacting with B cells or other accessory cells suggest an autoantibody or anti-Id triggering of B-cell-mediated mechanisms involved in the development of myocarditis.
Languages of Community: The Jewish Experience in the Czech Lands

With a keen eye for revealing details, Hillel J. Kieval examines the contours and distinctive features of Jewish experience in the lands of Bohemia and Moravia (the present-day Czech Republic), from the late eighteenth to the late twentieth century. In the Czech lands, Kieval writes, Jews have felt the need constantly to define and articulate the nature of group identity, cultural loyalty, memory, and social cohesiveness, and the period of "modernizing" absolutism, which began in 1780, brought changes of enormous significance. From that time forward, new relationships with Gentile society and with the culture of the state blurred the traditional outlines of community and individual identity. Kieval navigates skillfully among histories and myths as well as demography, biography, culture, and politics, illuminating the maze of allegiances and alliances that have molded the Jewish experience during these 200 years.