Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fault tolerant smart transducer interfaces for safety-critical avionics applications

Smart transducer interfaces are promising technologies for the next generation safety-critical avionics applications. In this paper we present two fault tolerant smart transducer interface architectures based on the IEEE 1451 standard. FPGA is the hardware platform that has been selected for the development of the proposed architectures. The first interface architecture is a single-chip solution while the second one is dual-chip. Reliability and safety analysis for both architectures is also carried out. A special attention is paid to the description of the single-chip interface implementation using the Spartan-6 LX45T Xilinx FPGA. The resulting prototype is used to validate fault tolerance mechanisms and real-time performance of the single-chip interface.
Using Prominence Detection to Generate Acoustic Feedback in Tutoring Scenarios

Robots interacting with humans need to understand actions and make use of language in social interactions. Research on infant development has shown that language helps the learner to structure visual observations of action. This acoustic information typically in the form of narration overlaps with action sequences and provides infants with a bottom-up guide to ﬁnd structure within them. This concept has been introduced as acoustic packaging by Hirsh-Pasek and Golinkoff. We developed and integrated a prominence detection module in our acoustic packaging system to detect semantically relevant information linguistically highlighted by the tutor. Evaluation results on speech data from adult-infant interactions show a signiﬁcant agreement with human raters. Furthermore a ﬁrst approach based on acoustic packages which uses the prominence detection results to generate acoustic feedback is presented. Index Terms: prominence, multimodal action segmentation, human robot interaction, feedback
CR invariant powers of the sub-Laplacian

Abstract CR invariant differential operators on densities with leading part a power of the sub-Laplacian are derived. One family of such operators is constructed from the ‘‘conformally invariant powers of the Laplacian’’ via the Fefferman metric; the powers which arise for these operators are bounded in terms of the dimension. A second family is derived from a CR tractor calculus which is developed here; this family includes operators for every positive power of the sub-Laplacian. This result together with work of Čap, Slovák and Souček imply in three dimensions the existence of a curved analogue of each such operator in ﬂat space.
A discrete BCG-FFT algorithm for solving 3D inhomogeneous scatterer problems

In this paper, an algorithm for computation of the scattered fields from three dimensional inhomogeneous dielectric scatterers is presented. In this method, the Galerkin's testing formulation of an integral equation for 3D electromagnetic (EM) fields is represented by a multi-input and multi-output linear system with known kernels. On a regular grid with rooftop basis functions, the kernels are discretized and accurately evaluated. Furthermore they are represented by Toeplitz matrices which dramatically reduces the storage and computational complexity in solving for the scattered fields. Also, the kernels are independent of the scattering configuration and the incident waves. For a given frequency, they can be evaluated once and for all. The biconjugate gradient (BCG) algorithm combined with fast Fourier transform (FFT) is applied to solve the discrete linear system iteratively. The memory required for this algorithm is of order N, and the computational complexity of the BCG process costs order N log N op.
‘You kind of don’t want them in the room’: tensions in the discourse of inclusion and exclusion for students displaying challenging behaviour in an English secondary school

ABSTRACT Internationally and within England, there has been increasing focus upon perceived behaviour problems within schools. This study, which took place within a mainstream English secondary school, considered the interplay of the competing notions of exclusion and inclusion for children displaying challenging behaviour. The study used a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data gathered on school referrals (temporary exclusions from lessons) and interviews with staff and students. This approach allowed both a consideration of trends within referrals and an analysis of how students displaying challenging behaviour are constructed within the discourse of the school. Findings showed that some groups were disproportionately affected by referrals. Within interviews, students and staff oscillated between individualising and contextualising the cause of challenging behaviour both blaming the student and seeing them as a victim of circumstance at the same time. Teachers indicated a greater willingness to change their practice and use a contextual approach to understanding pupils’ behaviour when they felt they had been given a reason from the student’s home life or background to do so. Recommendations are made for future research in the previously under-researched area of referrals and implications for practice are discussed to make schools more inclusive of students with challenging behaviour.
Higher Serum Insulin Concentrations Positively Influence the Bone Mineral Density in African American Adolescents

Background Puberty is a developmental stage of increased insulin resistance that also is a critical period for bone mass accrual. Historically, African Americans (AA) have lesser risk for osteoporotic fractures compared to European Americans (EA). AA also have higher incidence of insulin resistance. The possibility that bone health and insulin secretion or concentrations are linked has not been investigated. Aims We aimed to examine the associations of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) with insulin sensitivity and secretion in healthy adolescent girls and healthy female adults and to evaluate ethnic differences in these associations. Study Design Observational cohort design. Place and Duration of the Study University of Alabama at Birmingham, between January 2010 and September 2011. Methodology Healthy, female, non-smoking adolescents and young adults (14–55 years) were enrolled in this observational cohort study. Results Adolescents had significantly higher fasting insulin (P=0.0002), insulin area under the curve [AUC] (P= 0.0004) and lower insulin sensitivity (P=0.0005) compared to adults. Among adolescents, AA race was significantly associated with BMD (β=0.086, P=0.01) and BMAD (β=0.0075, P=0.002); however, adjusting for insulin AUC explained this difference. Insulin AUC (β=0.0006, P=0.029) and fasting insulin (β=0.0005, P=0.01) were positively associated with BMAD only in AA adolescents. Insulin AUC and fasting insulin were not significant predictors of BMD for adults. Conclusion The higher insulin concentration among AA adolescents is associated with increased BMD and higher BMAD.
Efficient Gestures and Voice Based Computing using Hardware Implementation

This research is focused on solving speed and accuracy problems that current Human-Computer Interface (HCI) fights with. The system uses a separate hardware and multimodal interface to improve system performance and reduce error rate. By using multimodal interface, the gestures and speech both will be used to interact with computers. With the help of hardware circuitry we can improve the speed of Gestures based computing, hence reducing gestures recognition and processing load from computer's microprocessor. The DSP Processor will handle all the processing of recognition of gestures and will issue commands to computer via PS/2 or USB Ports. Focus of this research is given to control mouse pointer and the features related to it in most of the applications.
Data Harvesting 2.0: from the Visible to the Invisible Web

Personal data are fuelling a fast emerging industry which transform them into added value. Harvesting these data is therefore of the outermost importance for the economy. In this paper, we study the flows of personal data at a global level, and distinguish countries based on their capacity to harvest data. We establish a cartography of international data channels on the visible and invisible Web. The visible Web is composed of the sites that are available to the general public and are typically indexed by search engines. The invisible Web refers to tags, Web bugs, pixels and beacons that appear on Websites to track and profile users. It is well known that the US dominate the visible Web with more than 70% of the top 100 sites in the world. We show that this domination is even stronger on the invisible Web.The largest proportion of trackers in most countries are indeed from the US. Apart from the US, two countries exhibit an original strategy. China, which dominates its visible Web with a majority of local sites, but surprisingly these sites still contain a majority of US trackers. Russia, which also dominates its visible Web, and is the only country with more local trackers than US ones.
Anomaly-based intrusion detection in software as a service

Anomaly-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) have the ability of detecting previously unknown attacks, which is important since new vulnerabilities and attacks are constantly appearing. Software as a service web applications are currently much targeted by attacks, so they are an obvious application for such IDSs. The paper presents a study of the use of anomaly-based IDSs with data from a production environment hosting a web application of large dimensions. It describes how challenges like processing a large number of requests and obtaining training data without attacks were solved. It also presents an evaluation comparing the accuracy obtained with the different types of models that were used to represent normal behavior.
Steganography An Art of Hiding Data

In today's world the art of sending & displaying the hidden information especially in public places, has received more attention and faced many challenges. Therefore, different methods have been proposed so far for hiding information in different cover media. In this paper a method for hiding of information on the billboard display is presented. It is well known that encryption provides secure channels for communicating entities. However, due to lack of covertness on these channels, an eavesdropper can identify encrypted streams through statistical tests and capture them for further cryptanalysis. In this paper we propose a new form of steganography, on-line hiding of information on the output screens of the instrument. This method can be used for announcing a secret message in public place. It can be extended to other means such as electronic advertising board around sports stadium, railway station or airport. This method of steganography is very similar to image steganography and video steganography. Private marking system using symmetric key steganography technique and LSB technique is used here for hiding the secret information.
Uncalibrated Visual-Servoing of a Dual-Arm Robot for MIS Suturing

In minimally invasive surgery small incisions are made in a patient's body. Long thin instruments and an imaging endoscope are inserted through the openings and a surgeon manipulates the tools using visual feedback from the endoscope. The difficulties of performing such surgery are outlined e.g. due to lack of dexterity the motions required can place tremendous strain on a surgeon's joints. This work looks at some of the issues involved in using visual-servoing to tie surgical knots with two robots. The constraints of the insertion points are managed through joint redundancy. The practical configuration of the robots is described. The effects of uncertainty of camera positioning and mounting of the surgical instrumentation by busy medical professionals, who are interested in clinical utility and whether they can see the operating area, are removed through uncalibrated servoing and a kinematic model of the robots. A novel encoder on the tools is used to determine the angle of tool orientation which is critical for aligning the jaws of the tool with the thread and body structures. A visual Jacobian is used to create the desired motions and control the redundant joints. A partial knot-tying algorithm is introduced which is based on an analysis of manual knot tying. Practical results of simulated intracorporeal knot tying are then given
DACIA: a mobile component framework for building adaptive distributed applications

Future distributed applications will need to support computing devices with a wide range of capabilities, varying network connectivity, increasing mobility of users, and a wide variation in load placed by clients on services. This paper presents DACIA, a framework for building adaptive distributed applications. In DACIA, distributed applications are viewed as consisting of connected components that typically implement data streaming, processing, and filtering functions. DACIA provides mechanisms for run-time reconfiguration of applications to allow them to adapt to the changing operating environments. Components can be moved to different hosts during execution, while maintaining communication connectivity with other components. New components can also be introduced along data paths, for example, to provide compression on low-bandwidth connections. Keeping communication overheads low is a significant challenge in designing component-based services. DACIA is designed so that communication costs among co-located components are similar to those of procedure calls. Performance results, as well as examples of adaptive services that can be built using DACIA are presented.
Watching Video over the Web: Part 1: Streaming Protocols

The average US consumer watches TV for almost five hours a day. While the majority of viewed content is still broadcast TV programming, the share of the time-shifted content is on the rise. One-third of US viewers currently use a digital video recorder like device, but trends indicate that more consumers are migrating to the Web to watch their favorite shows and movies. Increasingly, the Web is coming to digital TV, which incorporates movie downloads and streaming via Web protocols. In this first part of a two-part article, the authors describe both conventional and emerging streaming solutions using Web and non-Web protocols.
Take-Wait-Stop: A Patient-Centered Strategy for Writing PRN Medication Instructions

Recent studies have linked patient misunderstanding of label instructions for as needed (PRN) medications to dosing errors. This study conducted a preliminary field test of patient-centered PRN label instructions. Patients participated in a hypothetical dosing experiment and were randomized to a patient-centered label (referred to as “Take-Wait-Stop”) or standard label. Participants were asked to demonstrate dosing the medicine over 24 hours. Three types of independent dosing errors were measured: (a) taking more than two pills at one time, (b) exceeding the maximum daily dose, and (c) waiting fewer than 4 hours between doses. Generalized linear models were used to assess the association between label type, health literacy, and sociodemographic characteristics. Participants' mean age was 39.8 years, 62.1% were female, 43.7% were White, and 72.4% had adequate literacy. Of participants, 31.8% who were shown the standard label demonstrated taking in excess of 6 pills in 24 hours compared with only 14.0% of participants who were shown the Take-Wait-Stop label (p = .05). Overall, only 1 person demonstrated he would take more than 2 pills in a single dose. Of the standard label group, 20.5% demonstrated dosing intervals of fewer than 4 hours compared with 23.3% of the Take-Wait-Stop label group (p=.75). In a multivariate model, participants who were exposed to the standard label were 2.5 times more likely to exceed the recommended maximum daily dose (95% CI [1.05, 7.70], p=.03). The Take-Wait-Stop label was beneficial in preventing participants from exceeding the maximum dose in 24 hours, although it did not significantly reduce other dosing errors.
Solutions to recursive distributional equations for the mean-field TSP and related problems

For several combinatorial optimization problems over random structures, the theory of local weak convergence from probability and the cavity method from statistical physics can be used to deduce a recursive equation for the distribution of a quantity of interest. We show that there is a unique solution to such a recursive distributional equation (RDE) when the optimization problem is the traveling salesman problem (TSP) or from a related family of minimum weight d-factor problems (which includes minimum weight matching) on a complete graph (or complete bipartite graph) with independent and identically distributed edge-weights from the exponential distribution. We analyze the dynamics of the operator induced by the RDE on the space of distributions, and prove that the iterates of the operator, starting from any arbitrary distribution, converges to the fixed point solution, modulo shifts. The existence of a solution to the RDE in such a problem helps in proving results about the limit of the optimal solution of the combinatorial problem. The convergence of the iterates of the operator is important in proving results about the validity of belief propagation for iteratively finding the optimal solution.
Impact of Self-Heating in Wire Interconnection on Timing

This paper evaluates impact of self-heating in wire interconnection on signal propagation delay in an upcoming 32nm process technology, using practical physical parameters. This paper examines a 64-bit data transmission model as one of the most heating cases. Experimental results show that the maximum wire temperature increase due to the self-heating appears in the case where the ratio of interconnect delay becomes largest compared to the driver delay. However, even in the most significant case which induces the maximum temperature rise of 11.0°C, the corresponding increase in the wire resistance is 1.99% and the resulting delay increase is only 1.15%, as for the assumed 32nm process. A part of the impact reduction of wire self-heating on timing comes from the size-effect of nano-scale wires.
A New Prediction Protein Structure Method Based on Genetic Algorithm and Coarse-Grained Protein Model

De novo prediction of protein structures, structures prediction from amino acid sequences which are not similar to those of hitherto resolved structures, has been one of the major challenges in bioinformatics. A new prediction protein structure method based on Genetic Algorithm and Coarse-grained protein model is presented. Genetic Algorithm is a high performance optimization method and can effectively assemble a separate sequence, and Coarse-grained protein model have consistently assembled fragments are dynamically searched by Langevin molecular dynamics of conformational change. This new method combines the advantages of Genetic Algorithm and Coarse-grained protein model, which will improve the accuracy of protein structure prediction.
Assignment of Certainty-Factor Parameters with a Given Reasoning Tree for the Prediction of Protein Localization Sites

In this age of large-scale sequencing, we have many \potentially expressed" amino acid sequences of unknown function. Characterization of such sequences by computers is undoubtedly useful for further experimental analyses. We have developed a knowledge-based system PSORT for characterizing various sorting signals potentially coded in amino acid sequences and for predicting their nal localization sites in cells [1, 2]. The system calculates the probability (certainty factor) of an input protein to be localized at each candidate site. One of the di culties of our system is that, since it has many adjustable parameters, optimization of them to a given training data is di cult. Therefore, incorporation of recent knowledge into the system has not been easy. We present here a simple scheme for assigning certainty-factor parameters with a given reasoning tree. Since the size of training data, i.e., sequences of known localization sites, is not large in most cases, we must suppress the number of parameters as possible. In this case, use of our knowledge on the reasoning ow is favorable. Such a ow can be organized into a reasoning tree, in which an input ux is divided into thinner ows on a step-by-step basis according to some characteristic values calculated from the input sequence (Fig. 1). Its nal outputs are ows corresponding to candidate localization sites. In this stage, the amount of each ow can be interpreted as the corresponding certainty factor. Thus, the problem is how to nd appropriate ? E û» Çõ 9$õ ÖjÇ`÷Qõ m 444 Çõ=gâdecýR? 38  Í,  6 xÈâQ QÇ`sÞQõ E m 812 Ç= {Ñõ 6-10-1 1 F (x ) 1 F (x ) X1 X2 X
Black carbon record based on a shallow Himalayan ice core and its climatic implications

A continuous measurement for black carbon (hereafter "BC") in a 40 m shallow ice core retrieved from the East Rongbuk Glacier (hereafter "ERG") in the northeast saddle of Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) provided the first historical record of BC deposition during the past ~50 yrs in the high Himalyas. Apparent increasing trend (smooth average) of BC concentrations was revealed since the mid-1990s. Seasonal variability of BC concentrations in the ice core indicated higher concentrations in monsoon seasons than those in non-monsoon seasons. Backward air trajectory analysis by the HYSPLIT model indicated that South Asia's BC emissions had significant impacts on the BC deposition in the Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) region. The estimated average atmospheric BC concentration in the region was about 80 ng m −3 during 1951–2001. And it was suggested BC emitted from South Asia could penetrate into the Tibetan Plateau by climbing over the elevated Himalayas. A significant increasing trend of the radiative forcing simulated by the SNICAR model appeared since 1990, which even exceeded 4.5 W m −2 in the summer of 2001. It was suggested that this amplitudes of BC concentrations in the atmosphere over the Himalayas and consequently in the ice in the glaciers could not be neglected when assessing the dual warming effects on glacier melting in the Himalayas.
Ectopic Expression of a Wheat WRKY Transcription Factor Gene TaWRKY71-1 Results in Hyponastic Leaves in Arabidopsis thaliana

Leaf type is an important trait that closely associates with crop yield. WRKY transcription factors exert diverse regulatory effects in plants, but their roles in the determination of leaf type have not been reported so far. In this work, we isolated a WRKY transcription factor gene TaWRKY71-1 from a wheat introgression line SR3, which has larger leaves, superior growth capacity and higher yield than its parent common wheat JN177. TaWRKY71-1 specifically expressed in leaves, and produced more mRNA in SR3 than in JN177. TaWRKY71-1 localized in the nucleus and had no transcriptional activation activity. TaWRKY71-1 overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in hyponastic rosette leaves, and the hyponastic strength was closely correlative with the transcription level of the transgene. The spongy mesophyll cells at abaxial side of leaves were drastically compacted by TaWRKY71-1 overexpression. In TaWRKY71-1 overexpression Arabidopsis, the expression of IAMT1 that encodes a methyltransferase converting free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to methyl-IAA ester (MeIAA) to alter auxin homeostatic level was induced, and the induction level was dependent on the abundance of TaWRKY71-1 transcripts. Besides, several TCP genes that had found to be restricted by IAMT1 had lower expression levels as well. Our results suggest that TaWRKY71-1 causes hyponastic leaves through altering auxin homeostatic level by promoting the conversion of IAA to MeIAA.