Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of a short-range applicator for treating superficial moving tumors with respiratory-gated spot-scanning proton therapy using real-time image guidance

Treatment of superficial tumors that move with respiration (e.g. lung tumors) using spot-scanning proton therapy (SSPT) is a high-priority research area. The recently developed real-time image-gated proton beam therapy (RGPT) system has proven to be useful for treating moving tumors deep inside the liver. However, when treating superficial tumors, the proton’s range is small and so is the sizes of range straggling, making the Bragg-peaks extremely sharp compared to those located in deep-seated tumors. The extreme sharpness of Bragg-peaks is not always beneficial because it necessitates a large number of energy layers to make a spread-out Bragg-peak, resulting in long treatment times, and is vulnerable to motion-induced dose deterioration. We have investigated a method to treat superficial moving tumors in the lung by the development of an applicator compatible with the RGPT system. A mini-ridge filter (MRF) was developed to broaden the pristine Bragg-peak and, accordingly, decrease the number of required energy layers to obtain homogeneous irradiation. The applicator position was designed so that the fiducial marker’s trajectory can be monitored by fluoroscopy during proton beam-delivery. The treatment plans for three lung cancer patients were made using the applicator, and four-dimensional (4D) dose calculations for the RGPT were performed using patient respiratory motion data. The effect of the MRF on the dose distributions and treatment time was evaluated. With the MRF, the number of energy layers was decreased to less than half of that needed without it, whereas the target volume coverage values (D99%, D95%, D50%, D2%) changed by less than 1% of the prescribed dose. Almost no dose distortion was observed after the 4D dose calculation, whereas the treatment time decreased by 26%–37%. Therefore, we conclude that the developed applicator compatible with RGPT is useful to solve the issue in the treatment of superficial moving tumors with SSPT.
Improving PLCA-based score-informed source separation with invertible Constant-Q Transforms

Probabilistic Latent Component Analysis is a widely adopted variant of Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for the purpose of single channel audio source separation. It has seen many extensions, including incorporation of prior information derived from music scores. Recent work on the invertibility of the Constant-Q Tranform make that a viable alternative to the Short-time Fourier Transform as underlying data representation. In this paper we assess several implementations for their usability in score-informed source separation. We show that results are comparable to, and in some cases better than, use of the STFT, and that exact transform invertibility is not a significant factor in this application.
Field Acceleration Model for TDDB: Still a Valid Tool to Study the Reliability of Thick $\hbox{SiO}_{2}$-Based Dielectric Layers?

The aim of this paper is to investigate the reliability of thick oxides that are dedicated to the power integrated device fabrication. The field dependence of defect-related time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) mode over a wide range of oxide thickness TOX and electric field E, using multiple wafer fabrication lots, is investigated. TDDB tests are conducted under constant current injection using structures with different areas. For that, we have applied a new electric field model based on a 1/E model (reciprocal field dependence) that is proposed recently in the literature. We show that when the dielectric thickness increases, this electric field acceleration model gives an erroneous prediction of the long-term reliability. We conclude that it is too early to give a generalized law of dielectric to predict their reliability without taking into account the influence of thicknesses. Consequently, the 1/E model may therefore have to be revised.
A procedure to design wide-band electromagnetically-coupled stacked microstrip antennas based on a simple network model

It is well known that microstrip patch antennas have a poor bandwidth due to the small spacing between the patch and the ground plane. A stacked patch configuration has been demonstrated experimentally as a feasible solution, but little information on the design procedure is available. Here, a systematic design procedure based on a single network model is shown.
Chemosensitivity of conjunctival melanoma cell lines to single chemotherapeutic agents and combinations

Objective Two conjunctival cell lines (CRMM-1 and CRMM-2) have been established from recurrent conjunctival melanoma. The authors examined the chemosensitivity of these cell lines to cytotoxic substances and combinations to identify substances that inhibit cell growth efficiently in vitro. Material and methods CRMM-1 and CRMM-2 were exposed to cisplatin, mitomycin C (MMC), all-trans-retinoic-acid (ATRA), fotemustine or imatinib for 24 h. Sulforhodamine-B assays were used to assess the IC50. Isobolograms were performed to test possible synergism and antagonism with ATRA or imatinib. Results Cisplatin and MMC were efficient to inhibit the growth of CRMM-1 and CRMM-2. Combination of imatinib with MMC showed additive antitumoral effect on both cell lines. Combined treatment of imatinib with fotemustine or cisplatin resulted in antagonism. Strong antagonisms were also obtained with ATRA and fotemustine or cisplatin in both cell lines. A synergism was found for ATRA and mitomycin or imatinib in CRMM-2, in contrast to CRMM-1, where antagonism was obtained. Conclusions Cisplatin and MMC inhibit cell growth in conjunctival melanoma cell lines. The potential of ATRA was evident only in combination with MMC or imatinib in CRMM-2 cells. Imatinib and mitomycin increased their efficiency under combination therapy.
Palmitoylation of virus proteins

The article summarises the results of more than 30 years of research on palmitoylation (S‐acylation) of viral proteins, the post‐translational attachment of fatty acids to cysteine residues of integral and peripheral membrane proteins. Analysing viral proteins is not only important to characterise the cellular pathogens but also instrumental to decipher the palmitoylation machinery of cells. This comprehensive review describes methods to identify S‐acylated proteins and covers the fundamental biochemistry of palmitoylation: the location of palmitoylation sites in viral proteins, the fatty acid species found in S‐acylated proteins, the intracellular site of palmitoylation and the enzymology of the reaction. Finally, the functional consequences of palmitoylation are discussed regarding binding of proteins to membranes or membrane rafts, entry of enveloped viruses into target cells by spike‐mediated membrane fusion as well as assembly and release of virus particles from infected cells. The topics are described mainly for palmitoylated proteins of influenza virus, but proteins of other important pathogens, such as the causative agents of AIDS and severe acute respiratory syndrome, and of model viruses are discussed.
Computational Comparison of Five Maximal Covering Models for Locating Ambulances

This article categorizes existing maximum coverage optimization models for locating ambulances based on whether the models incorporate uncertainty about (1) ambulance availability and (2) response times. Data from Edmonton, Alberta, Canada are used to test five different models, using the approximate hypercube model to compare solution quality between models. The basic maximum covering model, which ignores these two sources of uncertainty, generates solutions that perform far worse than those generated by more sophisticated models. For a specified number of ambulances, a model that incorporates both sources of uncertainty generates a configuration that covers up to 26% more of the demand than the configuration produced by the basic model.
Preoccupation in an early-romantic relationship predicts experimental pain relief.

OBJECTIVE Individuals involved in the early stages of a passionate romantic relationship can be consumed by the experience and report emotional dependence and constant focus on their romantic partner. A few studies have shown that viewing pictures of a romantic partner can significantly reduce experimental pain. The strength of the effect, however, varies substantially between individuals. To study why some individuals experience significant pain reduction when looking at a picture of their partner, we examined partner preoccupation. We hypothesized that a greater degree of preoccupation in the early stages of a romantic relationship would be associated with greater analgesia during a pain induction task. METHODS Participants were shown pictures of their romantic partner or an equally attractive and familiar acquaintance while exposed to low, moderate, or high levels of thermal pain. Participants were also asked to rate how much time they spent thinking about their romantic partner during an average day. Degree of preoccupation was defined as the percentage of time participants spent thinking about their partner on an average day. RESULTS In two separate experiments, viewing pictures of a romantic partner produced an analgesic effect. The degree of pain relief was positively correlated with partner preoccupation. The results suggest that preoccupation with a romantic partner during early stage romantic love is a predictor of pain relief when viewing pictures of the beloved.
3D B-flow sonographic evaluation ofstenosis in forearm hemodialysis fistulas

Objective: To evaluate the forearm arteriovenous fistula stenosis in hemodialysis patients using 3D B-Flow imaging technique. Methods: GE E8 ultrasound diagnostic unit was used to three dimensionally reconstruct the image of stenosis segments in 45 hemodialysis patients by executing CT angiography (CTA) confirmed forearm fistula stenosis, 3D color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), 3D power Doppler (PDI) and 3D B-flow imaging (B-Flow), respectively; the diameters of stenosis were measured and compared with the diameters measured by CTA. Results: Stenosis diameter measured by 3D CDFI was 2.1 ± 0.6 mm; by 3D PDI, 2.3 ± 0.5 mm; by 3D B-Flow, 1.7 ± 0.3 mm; by 3D CTA, 1.8 ± 0.5 mm. The stenosis diameter measured by 3D B-Flow differs significantly from those measured by 3D CDFI and 3D PDI, but does not differ much from that measured by CTA. There is an obvious positive correlation between the diameters measured by 3D CDFI, 3D PDI, 3D B-Flow and those measured by 3D CTA respectively. The diameter measured by B-Flow can be best correlated with that measured by CTA. Conclusion: 3D B-Flow is a new way for the evaluation of forearm arteriovenous fistula stenosis in hemodialysis.
Mumps‐specific immunoglobulin M and G antibodies in natural mumps infection as measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay

An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for the demonstration of mumps immunoglobulin G (IgG ELISA) and immunoglobulin M antibodies (IgM ELISA) in serum was compared with complement fixation (CF), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and hemolysis‐in‐gel (HIG) tests. The antibody levels measured by IgG ELISA had a high positive correlation with the CF and HIG tests, whereas only a moderate correlation was found between IgG ELISA and HI. Similar patterns of antibody response were observed with IgG ELISA, CF, and HIG: the antibody titres increased rapidly after the onset of symptoms and reached the maximal values in about three weeks. The HI antibodies developed more slowly during the first week of disease, after which the titres increased rapidly up to the fourth week. IgM antibodies measured by ELISA developed soon after onset of symptoms; most patients had IgM antibodies from the second day, and the highest titres were reached within the first week. The antibody response in mumps parotitis did not differ from that in mumps meningitis/encephalitis, while relatively higher antibody titres were found in patients with orchitis/epididymitis. The diagnostic efficiencies of the methods were compared with serum specimens from 33 patients who had a serologically verified mumps infection by at least one of the five methods used (rising antibody titres in paired sera or detectable IgM): IgM ELISA detected all 33 cases, IgG ELISA 29, HIG 28, HI 23, and CF 13. In 27 cases, IgM antibodies were already present in the acute phase serum specimens. It was concluded that mumps IgM ELISA is a more rapid and sensitive means for the serological diagnosis of mumps infection than the conventional tests.
Design and Performance Analysis of 6T SRAM Cell in 22nm CMOS and FINFET Technology Nodes

In modern day VLSI system design memories are the vital blocks and they need to be thoroughly investigated with respect to area, power and performance before their fabrication. SRAM cell is an important candidate in the design of memories and a significant amount of attention is being paid to its design due to the ever increasing demand in data handling. The submicron scaling of conventional CMOS devices affect their performance due to short channel effects and circuits become unreliable. Further below the sub-32nm regime, FinFETs are proposed to be the best possible substitutes for CMOS technology. In this paper, we have designed and analyzed the performance of CMOS and FinFET based 6T SRAM cells at 22nm technology and compared the performance metrics of SRAM cell. The design infers that while both the circuits offer stable SNM at a power supply of 1 V, the FinFET based SRAM cell yields superior read and write performances due to its high process variation tolerance.
Test set size minimization and fault detection effectiveness: a case study in a space application

An important question in software testing is whether it is reasonable to apply coverage based criteria as a filter to reduce the size of a test set. An empirical study was conducted using a test set minimization technique to explore the effect of reducing the size of a test set, while keeping block coverage constant, on the fault detection strength of the resulting minimized test set. Two types of test sets were examined. For those with respect to a fixed size, no test case screening was conducted during the generation, whereas for those with respect to a fixed coverage, each subsequent test case had to improve the overall coverage in order to be included. The study reveals that no matter how a test set is generated (with or without any test case screening) block minimized test sets have a size/effectiveness advantage, in terms of a significant reduction in test set size but with almost the same fault detection effectiveness, over the original non-minimized test sets.
Tsunami science before and beyond Boxing Day 2004

Tsunami science has evolved differently from research on other extreme natural hazards, primarily because of the unavailability until recently of instrumental recordings of tsunamis in the open ocean. Here, the progress towards developing tsunami inundation modelling tools for use in inundation forecasting is discussed historically from the perspective of hydrodynamics. The state-of-knowledge before the 26 December 2004 tsunami is described. Remaining aspects for future research are identified. One, validated inundation models need to be further developed through benchmark testing and instrumental tsunameter measurements and standards for operational codes need to be established. Two, a methodology is needed to better quantify short-duration impact forces on structures. Three, the mapping of vulnerable continental margins to identify unrecognized hazards must proceed expeditiously, along with palaeotsunami research to establish repeat intervals. Four, the development of better coupling between deforming seafloor motions and model initialization needs further refinement. Five, in an era of global citizenship, more comprehensive educational efforts on tsunami hazard mitigation are necessary worldwide.
A flexible videoconference system based on multiagent framework

We present a design and implementation of a flexible videoconference system (VCS) using multiagent computing technology. The proposed system, we named FVCS, aims to reduce the burden of the users under the operational environment with insufficient computational resources, such as the Internet environment with small-scale computers at homes and offices, by embedding flexibility to the conventional videoconference system. In this paper, we design and implement FVCS with knowledge-based multiagent framework to realize adaptability of FVCS. We also evaluate the adaptability of the prototype systems of FVCS based on an operational situation observed in its experiments. From the result of the experiments, we conclude that the multiagent-based design and implementation is reasonable for construction of FVCS.
Towards an extended international HRM model for emerging multinational enterprises

This paper critiques several exiting strategic international human resource management (SIHRM) frameworks and discusses their limitations to apply directly to emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs), especially those generated from China and other BRICS nations. To complement the existing SIHRM frameworks, key variables relevant to emerging economies are identified and the extended model with particular reference to EMNEs is developed with several research propositions. It is believed that the extended model would better capture the recent development of MNEs in transition, and alert emerging international managers to address several human resource management challenges in the global context
Nowhere Patients

to treat a patient with a major depressive episode who displayed positive responses to previous therapeutic trials and a patient who failed to respond to various adequate trials [5] . These failed trials may have both neurobiological [6] and psychological [7] consequences. In neurobiological terms, phenomena such as the oppositional model of tolerance may become operational [6] . In psychological terms, patients may interpret unfulfilled expectations about therapy as an indication that their symptoms were worse than originally thought. The mechanisms may be particularly pronounced with overselling the efficacy of treatment (the violation of expectation) [7] . There is limited awareness of the limitations of the traditional randomized controlled trial and few suggestions for alternative models have been made. An adaptive treatment strategy has been recently developed for adjusting a treatment plan to the changing status of an individual patient, taking into account both the history of previous treatments and the response to those treatments [4] . Another design involves the sequential model, i.e. the sequential combination of treatments, such as psychotherapy after pharmacotherapy in depression [8–10] . Therapeutic targets are not predetermined, but depend on the response of patients to the first course of treatment. The sequential model design allows to randomize patients who are already in treatment and to assign them to treatWhen Sir Austin Bradford Hill transferred the methodology that had accumulated with randomized trials in agricultural sciences to the first double-blind placebocontrolled study in medicine [1] , the scenario was dominated by the challenges that acute diseases entailed. Tuberculosis was widespread, there were many drug reports in the literature claiming effectiveness of drug therapy, and the amount of streptomycin that was available was limited [2] . Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) in medicine thus referred to an average patient who fulfilled the criteria for admission and, unlike in agricultural sciences, ignored the individual history of the patient [3] . There were good reasons for the choices: most clinical encounters were for acute diseases and patients were unlikely to have experienced many treatments before (such as repeated exposure to antibiotics). Today, most of the clinical activities are concentrated on chronic disease or non-disease-specific complaints [4] . Yet, the standard randomized controlled trial design is still based on the acute disease model and ideally evaluates therapeutic effects in untreated patients who have a recent acute onset of their disturbances. This is in sharp contrast with the fact that particularly in psychopharmacology, the patient is likely to have experienced other treatments before and these treatments may actually modify the course and responsiveness of the individual patient [5] . From a clinical viewpoint, it is quite different Received: August 29, 2011 Accepted after revision: September 27, 2011 Published online: January 18, 2012
Interferon in recovery from pneumonia due to Chlamydia trachomatis in the mouse.

On a observe que la presence, chez les souris infectees, de calculs capables de secreter de la lymphokine renfermant de l'interferon, etait associee a la guerison de l'interferon par le biovar de Chlamydia trachomatis responsable de pneumonie
Design and construction of the magnets and insertion devices for the SOLEIL synchrotron

The construction phase of SOLEIL, the French third generation synchrotron radiation source has begun in January 2002 with the aim of starting user operation in spring 2006. The energy of the machine is 2.75 GeV and it consists in a 354 m circumference electron storage ring, with 16 cells and 24 straight sections. The lattice is designed for a good dynamic acceptance even for large energy deviation (up to 6%) and requires very small multipolar components. All the magnets have been computed with 3D model on TOSCA code and the industrial production has started. The paper describes the 32 dipole, 160 quadrupole and 120 sextupole magnets including their interface with the vacuum chamber. Among the proposed ID beam lines, six ID's of four different types (APPLE 2, long and medium period electromagnetic undulator and in vacuum) have been identified to be ready for the commissioning of SOLEIL. The paper presents their principal characteristics and shows the expected brilliance performances. Two original designs are described to produce any kind of polarization with long period electromagnetic undulators.
Improving Relational Database Quality Based on Adaptive Learning Method for Estimating Null Value

The poor data quality can cause a host of negative results, including lost information, operational inefficiencies in a database system and much more. Therefore, for many applications in the area of data analysis processing, data preprocessing is an essential step. In addition, the handling of null values is the major task of the data quality. In this paper, we present a new method for estimating null values in relational database systems based on adaptive learning techniques. The proposed method utilizes clustering algorithms to cluster data, and calculate coefficient values between different attributes by generating minimum average error. To verify our method, this paper utilizes two database ( Waugh 's database and Employee relational database), and Mean of Absolute Error Rate (MAER) as evaluation criterion to compare with the listing methods; it is shown that our proposed method is better than the listing methods for estimating null values in relational database systems.
Electrical conductivity in the early universe

We calculate the electrical conductivity in the early universe at temperatures below as well as above the electroweak vacuum scale, ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\simeq}100\mathrm{GeV}. $ Debye and dynamical screening of electric and magnetic interactions leads to a finite conductivity, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{el}}\ensuremath{\sim}T/\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{ln}(1/\ensuremath{\alpha}),$ at temperatures well below ${T}_{c}. $ At temperatures above, ${W}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ charge-exchange processes---analogous to color exchange through gluons in QCD---effectively stop left-handed charged leptons. However, right-handed leptons can carry current, resulting in ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{el}}/T$ being only a factor $\ensuremath{\sim}{\mathrm{cos}}^{4}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}$ smaller than at temperatures below ${T}_{c}. $