Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reward-related decision-making in pediatric major depressive disorder: an fMRI study.

BACKGROUND Although reward processing is considered an important part of affective functioning, few studies have investigated reward-related decisions or responses in young people with affective disorders. Depression is postulated to involve decreased activity in reward-related affective systems. METHODS Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined behavioral and neural responses to reward in young people with depressive disorders using a reward decision-making task. The task involved choices about possible rewards involving varying magnitude and probability of reward. The study design allowed the separation of decision/anticipation and outcome phases of reward processing. Participants were 9-17 years old and had diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, or no history of psychiatric disorder. RESULTS Participants with MDD exhibited less neural response than control participants in reward-related brain areas during both phases of the task. Group differences did not appear to be a function of anxiety. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with activation in reward-related brain areas. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that depression involves altered reward processing and underscore the need for further investigation of relations among development, affective disorders, and reward processing.
Simulation and Calculation of Temperature in a Portable Real-Time PCR Instrument

In this paper, we design a reaction chamber of the real-time PCR. There are two major characteristics of the chamber that are practicality and the small reaction system (<5 L). The temperature rising rate is 5 /s in the chamber center node and a thermal cycle for a PCR can be completed in 10 seconds. Through theoretical calculation and ANASYS software simulation, we demonstrate the reaction chamber's dynamic distribution of temperature field. Here the method of the finite element analysis, it includes modeling, disposing boundary condition, mesh plotting, loading condition and output result. This research lays a good foundation for the design of a portable PCR. Keywords-finite element method; chamber; temperature; real time PCR
A Broadcast Approach To Secret Key Generation Over Slow Fading Channels

A secret-key generation scheme based on a layered broadcasting strategy is introduced for slow-fading channels. In the model considered, Alice wants to share a key with Bob while keeping the key secret from Eve, who is a passive eavesdropper. Both Alice-Bob and Alice-Eve channels are assumed to undergo slow fading, and perfect channel state information (CSI) is assumed to be known only at the receivers during the transmission. In each fading slot, Alice broadcasts a continuum of coded layers and, hence, allows Bob to decode at the rate corresponding to the fading state (unknown to Alice). The index of a reliably decoded layer is sent back from Bob to Alice via a public and error-free channel and used to generate a common secret key. In this paper, the achievable secrecy key rate is first derived for a given power distribution over coded layers. The optimal power distribution is then characterized. It is shown that layered broadcast coding can increase the secrecy key rate significantly compared to single-level coding.
A tunable transmission line based on an SIW loaded by a new single-cell metamaterial

Two substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) loaded by a new single metamaterial (MTM) cell are discussed theoretically and experimentally. The first MTM-loaded SIW shows a passband-like response with balanced backward- and forward-wave passbands below and above the cutoff frequency of the host SIW, respectively. The MTM-SIW structure is then slightly manipulated and two varactor diodes are added to achieve frequency agility. The resulting varactor-loaded transmission line (TL) shows tunable transmission bands whose frequency characteristics can be controlled continuously by varying the reverse bias voltage applied to the varactors. The two MTM-SIW TLs are discussed based on the study of a Composite Right/Left Handed (CRLH) MTM-based SIW considering the dispersion diagrams and the equivalent circuits. Finally, prototypes of the former and the varactor-loaded MTM-SIW TL are fabricated and tested. The measured results are in good agreement with those obtained by the simulation and analysis.
Multi-class learning algorithm for deep neural network-based statistical parametric speech synthesis

This paper proposes a multi-class learning (MCL) algorithm for a deep neural network (DNN)-based statistical parametric speech synthesis (SPSS) system. Although the DNN-based SPSS system improves the modeling accuracy of statistical parameters, its synthesized speech is often muffled because the training process only considers the global characteristics of the entire set of training data, but does not explicitly consider any local variations. We introduce a DNN-based context clustering algorithm that implicitly divides the training data into several classes, and train them via a shared hidden layer-based MCL algorithm. Since the proposed MCL method efficiently models both the universal and class-dependent characteristics of various phonetic information, it not only avoids the model over-fitting problem but also reduces the over-smoothing effect. Objective and subjective test results also verify that the proposed algorithm performs much better than the conventional method.
Blood RNA expression profiles undergo major changes during the seventh decade

Genome-wide alterations in RNA expression profiles are age-associated. Yet the rate and temporal pattern of those alterations are poorly understood. We investigated temporal changes in RNA expression profiles in blood from population-based studies using a quadratic regression model. Comparative analysis between two independent studies was carried out after sample-weighting that downsized differences in sample distribution over age between the datasets. We show that age-associated expression profiles are clustered into two major inclinations and transcriptional alternations occur predominantly from the seventh decade onwards. The age-associated genes in blood are enriched in functional groups of the translational machinery and the immune system. The results are highly consistent between the two population-based studies indicating that our analysis overcomes potential confounders in population-based studies. We suggest that the critical age when major transcriptional alterations occur could help understanding aging and disease risk during adulthood.
Uses of multivariate analysis methods

The top quark study groups at the Tevatron accelerator use several analysis techniques to extract precision measurements of top quark properties and search for single top quark production. Cutbased analyses and advanced multivariate techniques are used to extract the signal from large backgrounds and to improve the sensitivity of measurements. As an example of the performance gain obtained with multivariate methods, the DO single top quark search is presented. Likelihood discriminants, neural networks and decision trees have similar sensitivity, much improved over the cut-based analysis. Boosted decision trees may improve results even more.
Can Irrelevant Alternatives Affect Probability Judgment? the Discrimination Bias Can Irrelevant Alternatives Affect Probability Judgment? the Discrimination Bias

Title of thesis: CAN IRRELEVANT ALTERNATIVES AFFECT PROBABILITY JUDGMENT? THE DISCRIMINATION BIAS Amber Sprenger, Master of Science, 2005 Thesis directed by: Professor Michael Dougherty Department of Psychology In this paper we used a proactive interference (PI) paradigm to examine the effect of generating irrelevant alternative hypotheses on probability judgments. Two possible effects of generating irrelevant alternative hypotheses on probability judgment were tested: discrimination failure and inhibition failure. The discrimination failure account predicted that participants would fail to identify irrelevant alternatives as irrelevant, causing them to include irrelevant alternatives in their judgments. Then, the magnitude and relative accuracy of participants’ probability judgments would decrease as PI increases. The inhibition failure account predicted that participants would identify irrelevant alternatives as irrelevant, but would fail to inhibit them from working memory. Then, the magnitude of participants’ probability judgments would increase as PI increases, but that the relative accuracy of the probability judgments would be unaffected by the build-up of PI. Three experiments support the discrimination failure account of the effect of PI on probability judgment. CAN IRRELEVANT ALTERNATIVES AFFECT PROBABILITY JUDGMENT? THE DISCRIMINATION BIAS
Localized algorithm for connected set cover partitioning in wireless sensor networks

In this paper, given a random distribution of sensor nodes, we pose the problem of finding maximum number of connected set covers such that each set can guarantee the required coverage of the region of interest. It requires just a one-time computation during initialization. Once the connected set covers are known, the sets may remain active in a round robin fashion to cover the region enhancing the life time of the network significantly. Firstly, two centralized greedy algorithms have been proposed to solve the problem from two different view points. But since centralized algorithms are not suitable for large self-organized sensor networks, a localized algorithm has been proposed finally that uses only local information at individual nodes to find a solution. Simulation studies show that these algorithms can enhance the network lifetime manifold, and most interestingly the performance of the distributed algorithm is comparable with the centralized ones in terms of number of partitions though it requires much less computation and communication overhead.
Discovering Time-Constrained Sequential Patterns for Music Genre Classification

A music piece can be considered as a sequence of sound events which represent both short-term and long-term temporal information. However, in the task of automatic music genre classification, most of text-categorization-based approaches could only capture temporal local dependencies (e.g., unigram and bigram-based occurrence statistics) to represent music contents. In this paper, we propose the use of time-constrained sequential patterns (TSPs) as effective features for music genre classification. First of all, an automatic language identification technique is performed to tokenize each music piece into a sequence of hidden Markov model indices. Then TSP mining is applied to discover genre-specific TSPs, followed by the computation of occurrence frequencies of TSPs in each music piece. Finally, support vector machine classifiers are employed based on these occurrence frequencies to perform the classification task. Experiments conducted on two widely used datasets for music genre classification, GTZAN and ISMIR2004Genre, show that the proposed method can discover more discriminative temporal structures and achieve a better recognition accuracy than the unigram and bigram-based statistical approach.
c-Myb–Dependent Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Type-1 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Objective—The IP3 receptor-1 (IP3R1) mediates Ca2+ signals critical to vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. The cell cycle–associated transcription factor c-Myb increases Ca2+ at the G1/S transition. Here we show the mechanism through which c-Myb regulates expression of IP3R1. Methods & Results—Ribonuclease protection confirmed transcriptional start (TS), and qRT-PCR revealed a 6-fold increase in IP3R1 mRNA as immortalized VSMC progress from G0 to G1/S. A c-Myb neutralizing antibody decreased IP3R1 mRNA expression 3-fold, and abolished the 3.4-fold increase in IP3R1 protein observed at G1/S. Primary aortic VSMCs in culture and proliferating carotid VSMCs in vivo showed similar regulation of IP3R1 mRNA and protein. Sequence analysis of a 3.1-Kb mouse IP3R1 promoter revealed 17 putative c-Myb binding sites. Reporter assays demonstrated a 2-fold increase in promoter activity in G1/S- versus G0-synchronized VSMCs, which was abolished by functional c-Myb knockdown or deletion of promoter sequences upstream and downstream of TS. Point mutations in Myb sites-13 or -15 significantly blunted G1/S-specific promoter induction in both immortalized and primary VSMCs. Gel shift and ChIP confirmed binding of c-Myb to sites-13 and -15 in G1/S stage VSMCs. Conclusion—c-Myb regulates cell cycle–associated IP3R1 transcription in VSMCs via specific highly conserved Myb-binding sites in the IP3R1 promoter.
Block-diagonal form of distance matrix for region-based image retrieval

There are two substantial open issues in the field of the image retrieval: semantic gap between computationally extracted low-level features and human operated high-level concepts, and high retrieval speed independent from the volume of the database. Search of the images on the level of objects or regions (segmentation) is a step towards semantic-based retrieval. In this paper we propose a new cluster-like indexing algorithm in metric space which preliminary transforms distance matrix into block-diagonal form and ensures the minimum number of matches at the retrieval stage. This form can be used separately or embedded into existent indexing methods.
CityZen: A Cost-Effective City Management System with Incentive-Driven Resident Engagement

Cities typically face a wide gamut of management and maintenance problems. Existing automated sensor based solutions are prohibitively expensive to deploy. Furthermore, these solutions need to be complemented by incorporating human judgment for accurate, timely and cost-effective city-related event identification. To this end, this work proposes City Zen, which is a novel platform for event reporting and analytics to engage residents towards city management through incentives. Key contributions include: (a) the City Zen platform with an app for enabling authenticated residents to report events in a city for end-to-end integrated smart city management, (b) Differentiated incentive management based on types and priorities of events, quality and timeliness of event reports as well as resident intent, and (c) a social dashboard for searching events and subscribing for event alerts with additional ability to provide feedback on the event reports. Ongoing pilots and our performance study indicate that the platform indeed performs city management cost-effectively depending on the incentive mechanisms used for engaging residents.
Shallow Finite State Verification

We consider the problem of verifying finite stateproperties of shallow programs; i.e., programs where pointers from program variables to heap-allocated objects are allowed, but where heap-allocated objects may not themselves contain pointers. We prove a number of results relating the complexity of such verification problems to the nature of the finite state machine used to specify the property. Some properties are shown to be intractable, but others which appear to be quite similar admit polynomial-time verification algorithms. While there has been much progress on many aspects of automated program verification, we are not aware of any previous work relating the difficulty of finite state verification to properties of the finite state automaton. Our results serve to provide insight into the inherent complexity of important classes of verification problems. In addition, the program abstractions used for the polynomial-time verification algorithms may be of independent interest.
Stepping Stones: Capacity building in engineering education

CeTUSS (www.CeTUSS.se) is an engineering education center established by the Swedish Council for Renewal of Higher Education in 2004. During 2006/2007 CeTUSS funded "Stepping Stones", a multi-phase (project based) initiative for tertiary engineering educators at Swedish Universities. The aim was to build a community of engineering educators and to increase their familiarity with evaluation and research approaches to assessing the impact of classroom interventions. Stepping Stones was based on the earlier US, UK and Australian initiatives; the scaffolding, bootstrapping and BRACE programmes. The approach uses a joint, multi-method, research study to raise awareness of relevant theory, while simultaneously supporting community development. Community building is achieved through joint work and shared experiences which promote convergence on a common set of values and ideals in relation to scholarship of teaching and learning. Investigative "capacity" was enhanced by drawing together a Swedish pool of engineering education expertise. Stepping Stones consisted of three phases. The first phase was a week long workshop examining relevant theory and empirical study design in engineering education research. This workshop introduced an "experiment kit", a protocol detailing experimental design of the project that participants jointly implemented in phase two. During phase two the participants gathered data in their own classrooms, contributing to a joint corpus of material for analysis in phase three. During the data collection process participants administered and validated a variety of instruments; surveys and interviews (including photo elicitation), and concept map collection using explanograms (a tool for automating collection of handwritten data developed by the CeTUSS center). The final phase was a w.eek-long workshop where participants analyzed the aggregated data and produced a written report, 'What is the Word for "Engineering" in Swedish: Swedish Students Conceptions of their Discipline' (http://www.it.uu.se/research/publications/reports/2007-018).
Safety of Gadobutrol

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to provide a systematic safety analysis of gadobutrol after more than 29 million applications in clinical routine. Materials and MethodsForty-two clinical development phase II to IV studies on gadobutrol or comparator and the postmarketing safety surveillance database for gadobutrol (1998–2015) were analyzed. Adverse events (AEs) and drug-related AEs were evaluated in the clinical development database and spontaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the postmarketing database. Subgroup analyses were run on patients with special medical history and on patients of different age groups. ResultsIn the clinical development studies, 6809 and 2184 patients received gadobutrol or comparators, respectively. The incidence of drug-related AEs was 3.5% for both groups. With the exception of nausea (0.7% related cases in both groups), all other drug-related AEs were 0.3% or less in both groups. Hypersensitivity reactions were sporadic (<0.1%). Patients with history of allergies to contrast agents experienced slightly more drug-related AEs. No differences were seen between age groups.The overall reporting rate of ADRs from postmarketing surveillance was 0.05%. The most frequent ADRs were anaphylactoid/hypersensitivity reactions, nausea, vomiting, and dyspnea.For 3 single-agent reports of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, using a conservative approach, association with gadobutrol could not be excluded. ConclusionsGadobutrol is well tolerated and has a favorable safety profile for patients of all age groups.
Improvement in Touch Sensation after Stroke is Associated with Resting Functional Connectivity Changes

Background Distributed brain networks are known to be involved in facilitating behavioral improvement after stroke, yet few, if any, studies have investigated the relationship between improved touch sensation after stroke and changes in functional brain connectivity. Objective We aimed to identify how recovery of somatosensory function in the first 6 months after stroke was associated with functional network changes as measured using resting-state connectivity analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Methods Ten stroke survivors underwent clinical testing and resting-state fMRI scans at 1 and 6 months post-stroke. Ten age-matched healthy participants were included as controls. Results Patients demonstrated a wide range of severity of touch impairment 1 month post-stroke, followed by variable improvement over time. In the stroke group, significantly stronger interhemispheric functional correlations between regions of the somatosensory system, and with visual and frontal areas, were found at 6 months than at 1 month post-stroke. Clinical improvement in touch discrimination was associated with stronger correlations at 6 months between contralesional secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and inferior parietal cortex and middle temporal gyrus, and between contralesional thalamus and cerebellum. Conclusion The strength of connectivity between somatosensory regions and distributed brain networks, including vision and attention networks, may change over time in stroke survivors with impaired touch discrimination. Connectivity changes from contralesional SII and contralesional thalamus are associated with improved touch sensation at 6 months post-stroke. These functional connectivity changes could represent future targets for therapy.
Higher Spectral Efficiency Coherent Optical OFDM Transmission With Iterative Polar Modulation

Achieving high spectral efficiency in optical transmissions has recently attracted much attention, aiming to satisfy the ever increasing demand for high data rates in optical fiber communications. Therefore, strong Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding in combination with multilevel modulation schemes is mandatory to approach the channel capacity of the transmission link. In this paper we give design rules on the joint optimization of coding and signal constellations. We propose a novel coded modulation scheme based on 512-IPM for a fiber optical transmission link of 800km.The spectral efficiency achieved was 10% greater i.e,12.1 b/s/Hz at a post FEC BER of <10 -15 by using coded optimized constellation. In detail, the "Turbo Principle" to BICM-ID is adapted and combine it with a high-rate outer algebraic code to obtain a post-FEC BER <10 -15 , which is a typical demand in optical transponders. Furthermore we give simple design principles for the design of BICM-ID based on the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart analysis.
Quality improvement guidelines for recording patient radiation dose in the medical record.

THE membership of the Society of In-terventional Radiology (SIR) Stan-dards of Practice Committee repre-sents experts in a broad spectrum ofinterventional procedures from boththe private and academic sectors ofmedicine. Generally, Standards ofPractice Committee members dedicatethe vast majority of their professionaltime to performing interventional pro-cedures; as such they represent a validbroad expert constituency of the sub-ject matter under consideration forstandards production.Technical documents specifying theexact consensus and literature reviewmethodologies, as well as the institu-tional affiliations and professional cre-dentials of the authors of this docu-ment, are available upon request fromSIR, 10201 Lee Highway Suite 500,Fairfax, VA 22030.