Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instant dentin hypersensitivity relief of a new desensitizing dentifrice containing 8.0% arginine, a high cleaning calcium carbonate system and 1450 ppm fluoride: a 3-day clinical study in Chengdu, China.

PURPOSE To compare, with a double-blind, randomized, parallel-design clinical study, the hypersensitivity efficacy of a new Pro-Argin formula dentifrice containing 8.0% arginine, a high cleaning calcium carbonate system and 1450 ppm fluoride to a previously validated Pro-Argin formula dentifrice containing 8.0% arginine, calcium carbonate and 1450 ppm fluoride, and to a control toothpaste containing calcium carbonate and 1450 ppm fluoride, instantly after a single direct topical self-application using a fingertip, and after subsequent brushing for 3 days. METHODS Qualifying subjects from the Chengdu, China area who presented two hypersensitive teeth with a tactile score of 10 to 50 grams, and an air blast score of 2 or 3, participated in this study. The first phase of the study consisted of a single topical application of the assigned product directly onto the hypersensitive surface of each of the two hypersensitive teeth. Study subjects applied a pea-size amount of their toothpaste onto the hypersensitive surface and massaged for 1 minute. The second phase of the study consisted of twice-daily at-home brushing with the toothpaste for 3 days. RESULTS All one hundred and twenty-two (122) subjects complied with the study protocol and completed the study. There was good balance among the three groups at baseline. The mean tactile sensitivity scores for the new Pro-Argin formula dentifrice, the previously validated Pro-Argin formula dentifrice, and the control dentifrice were at baseline 14.88, 14.76 and 14.38, and after direct application were 28.90, 29.02 and 15.88, and after 3 days of brushing were 34.51, 33.41 and 16.00, respectively. The mean air blast scores at baseline were 2.11, 2.12 and 2.15, and after direct application were 1.21, 1.18 and 2.06, and after 3 days of brushing were 0.80, 0.83 and 1.93, respectively. Immediately after direct application and after 3 days of brushing, for both the tactile and air blast sensitivity scores, the differences between the two dentifrices containing 8.0% arginine and the control were statistically significant. There were no statistically significant differences between the two 8.0% arginine dentifrices immediately after direct application and after 3 days of brushing.
Influence of age at menarche on forearm bone microstructure in healthy young women.

BACKGROUND Shorter estrogen exposure from puberty onset to peak bone mass attainment may explain how late menarche is a risk factor for osteoporosis. The influence of menarcheal age (MENA) on peak bone mass, cortical, and trabecular microstructure was studied in 124 healthy women aged 20.4 +/- 0.6 (sd) yr. METHODS At distal radius, areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) and microstructure were measured by high-resolution peripheral computerized tomography, including: total, cortical, and trabecular volumetric BMD and fraction; trabecular number, thickness, and spacing; cortical thickness (CTh); and cross-sectional area (CSA). RESULTS Median MENA was 12.9 yr. Mean aBMD T score of the whole cohort was slightly positive. aBMD was inversely correlated to MENA for total radius (R = -0.21; P = 0.018), diaphysis (R = -0.18; P = 0.043), and metaphysis (R = -0.19; P = 0.031). Subjects with MENA more than the median [LATER: 14.0 +/- 0.7 (+/-sd) yr] had lower aBMD than those with MENA less than the median (EARLIER: 12.1 +/- 0.7 yr) in total radius (P = 0.026), diaphysis (P = 0.042), and metaphysis (P = 0.046). LATER vs. EARLIER displayed lower total volumetric BMD (315 +/- 54 vs. 341 +/- 56 mg HA/cm(3); P = 0.010), cortical volumetric BMD (874 +/- 49 vs. 901 +/- 44 mg HA/cm(3); P = 0.003), and CTh (774 +/- 170 vs. 849 +/- 191 microm; P = 0.023). CTh was inversely related to CSA (R = -0.46; P < 0.001). In LATER reduced CTh was associated with 5% increased CSA. CONCLUSIONS In healthy young adult women, a 1.9-yr difference in mean MENA was associated with lower radial aBMD T score, lower CTh without reduced CSA, a finding compatible with less endocortical accrual. It may explain how late menarche is a risk factor for forearm osteoporosis.
Multi-video summarization based on OB-MMR

In this paper we propose a novel algorithm for video summarization, OB-MMR (Optimized Balanced Audio Video Maximal Marginal Relevance). This algorithm is suitable to summarize both single and multiple videos. OB-MMR is achieved by optimizing the parameters in Balanced AV-MMR (Balanced Audio Video Maximal Marginal Relevance), namely the balance factor between audio information and visual information in the video, but also the importance of face and audio transitions among audio segments with different genres. Therefore, OB-MMR achieves a better result than previous algorithms, Video-MMR and Balanced AV-MMR. Furthermore, it is possible to select the optimized parameters for each genre of videos, which leads to promising automatic algorithms for video summarization in the future large-scale experiments.
Integrated On-Line Localization, Mapping and Coverage Algorithm of Unknown Environments for Robotic Vacuum Cleaners Based on Minimal Sensing

This paper presents a new complete coverage algorithm of a robotic vacuum cleaner (RVC) with a low-cost sensor in an unknown environment. To achieve complete coverage, the RVC must have navigation systems for precise position estimation with localization and a prior map or a map using information that has been continuously collected from the environment. To do this, two-dimensional laser range finders and vision sensors are becoming increasingly popular in mobile robotics, and various methods using sensors like these have been introduced by many researchers. However, it is difficult to apply the methods to sensors used in most RVCs due to their constraints. In this paper, we present a new method applied to most RVCs. For developing the method, we considered the two main problems of maintaining low computational load, and coping with low-cost sensor systems with limited range, detection uncertainty and measurement error. To solve the problems, we propose an assumption that major structures of an indoor environment are rectilinear, and can be represented by sets of parallel and perpendicular lines. Then we derive an algorithm that uses this assumption to map the environment, localize the robot and plan the coverage path with a new cellular decomposition approach. Simulation and experiments verify that the proposed method guarantees complete coverage.
High-Efficiency Terahertz Frequency Triplers

Design and experimental analysis of high-power and high-efficiency frequency triplers to the 220 GHz and 440 GHz bands are presented. Test data for the 220 GHz tripler show 23 mW output power with 16% efficiency. Test data for the 440 GHz tripler show 13 mW output power with 12% efficiency. The 3 dB bandwidth for both triplers is about 7%. This performance is comparable to the best reported in the literature at these frequencies. There are no mechanical tuners and thus the triplers may be electronically swept to any frequency in the band. The triplers comprise a waveguide housing, a pair of quartz microstrip circuits and a Virginia Diodes (VDI) GaAs Schottky varactor chip. The simple circuit topology makes it easy to assemble the multipliers and bias the varactors. A version to 800 GHz has been designed and should be available for testing in 2007. The design is scalable to frequencies above 1 THz.
ODERN AND H ISTORIC I MAGES

An automatic mechanism for the selection of image subset of modern and historic images out of a landmark large image set collected from the internet is designed in this paper. This selection depends on the extraction of dominant features using Gabor filtering. These features are selected carefully from a preliminary image set and fed into a neural network as a training set. The mechanism collects a raw large set of landmark images containing modern and historic images and non-landmark images as well, process these images, and finally classify them as landmark and non-landmark images. The classification performance highly depends on the number of candidate features of the landmark.
Responses to Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation in Biological Systems

Biological tissues operate through cells that act together within signaling networks. These assure coordinated cell function in the face of constant exposure to an array of potentially toxic agents, externally from the environment and endogenously from metabolism. Living tissues are indeed complex adaptive systems. To examine tissue effects specific for low-dose radiation, (1) absorbed dose in tissue is replaced by the sum of the energies deposited by each track event, or hit, in a cell-equivalent tissue micromass (1 ng) in all micromasses exposed, that is, by the mean energy delivered by all microdose hits in the exposed micromasses, with cell dose expressing the total energy per micromass from multiple microdoses; and (2) tissue effects are related to cell damage and protective cellular responses per average microdose hit from a given radiation quality for all such hits in the exposed micromasses. The probability of immediate DNA damage per low-linear-energy-transfer (LET) average microdose hit is extremely small, increasing over a certain dose range in proportion to the number of hits. Delayed temporary adaptive protection (AP) involves (a) induced detoxification of reactive oxygen species, (b) enhanced rate of DNA repair, (c) induced removal of damaged cells by apoptosis followed by normal cell replacement and by cell differentiation, and (d) stimulated immune response, all with corresponding changes in gene expression. These AP categories may last from less than a day to weeks and be tested by cell responses against renewed irradiation. They operate physiologically against nonradiogenic, largely endogenous DNA damage, which occurs abundantly and continually. Background radiation damage caused by rare microdose hits per micromass is many orders of magnitude less frequent. Except for apoptosis, AP increasingly fails above about 200 mGy of low-LET radiation, corresponding to about 200 microdose hits per exposed micromass. This ratio appears to exceed approximately 1 per day for protracted exposure. The balance between damage and protection favors protection at low cell doses and damage at high cell doses. Bystander effects from high-dosed cells to nonirradiated neighboring cells appear to include both damage and protection. Regarding oncogenesis, a model based on the aforementioned dual response pattern at low doses and dose rates is consistant with the nonlinear reponse data and contradicts the linear no-threshold dose-risk hypothesis for radiation-induced cancer. Indeed, a dose-cancer risk function should include both linear and nonlinear terms.
Vinardo: A Scoring Function Based on Autodock Vina Improves Scoring, Docking, and Virtual Screening

Autodock Vina is a very popular, and highly cited, open source docking program. Here we present a scoring function which we call Vinardo (Vina RaDii Optimized). Vinardo is based on Vina, and was trained through a novel approach, on state of the art datasets. We show that the traditional approach to train empirical scoring functions, using linear regression to optimize the correlation of predicted and experimental binding affinities, does not result in a function with optimal docking capabilities. On the other hand, a combination of scoring, minimization, and re-docking on carefully curated training datasets allowed us to develop a simplified scoring function with optimum docking performance. This article provides an overview of the development of the Vinardo scoring function, highlights its differences with Vina, and compares the performance of the two scoring functions in scoring, docking and virtual screening applications. Vinardo outperforms Vina in all tests performed, for all datasets analyzed. The Vinardo scoring function is available as an option within Smina, a fork of Vina, which is freely available under the GNU Public License v2.0 from http://smina.sf. net. Precompiled binaries, source code, documentation and a tutorial for using Smina to run the Vinardo scoring function are available at the same address.
Optimal path planning incorporating global and local search for mobile robots

This paper proposes an optimal path planning algorithm incorporating a global and local search mechanism for mobile robots. The global path planning is based on Voronoi graph to establish a backbone path for the map with significantly reduced nodes for the original grid map. With the use of the backbone path, the D* algorithm is adopted to determine a shortest path between the starting and end points. Taking advantages of the D* algorithm and Voronoi graph, the proposed optimal path planning algorithm is capable of obtaining a desired path for the mobile robot, overcoming the efficiency problem while maintaining maximum safety distance from the obstacles when the mobile robot navigates in the environment. Simulation results have confirmed the feasibility of the proposed algorithm for practical use in the real-world environment.
Synaptic and cognitive abnormalities in mouse models of down syndrome: Exploring genotype‐phenotype relationships

Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21. Because Ts65Dn and Ts1Cje mice are segmentally trisomic for a region of mouse chromosome 16, they genetically model DS and are used to study pathogenic mechanisms. Previously, we provided evidence for changes in both the structure and function of pre‐ and postsynaptic elements in the Ts65Dn mouse. Striking changes were evident in the size of the dendritic spines and in the ability to induce long‐term potentiation (LTP) in the fascia dentata (FD). To explore the genetic basis for these changes, we examined Ts1Cje mice, which are trisomic for a completely overlapping but smaller segment of mouse chromosome 16. As in the Ts65Dn mouse, there was a regionally selective decrease in the density of dendritic spines (∼12%), an increase in the size of spine heads (∼26%), a decrease in the length of spine necks (∼26%), and reorganization of inhibitory inputs with a relative decrease in inputs to dendrite shafts and spine heads and a significant increase to the necks of spines (6.4%). Thus, all of the Ts65Dn phenotypes were present, but they were significantly less severe. In contrast, and just as was the case for the Ts65Dn mouse, LTP could not be induced unless the selective γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor antagonist picrotoxin was applied. Therefore, there was conservation of important synaptic phenotypes in the Ts1Cje mice. The analysis of data from this and earlier studies points to genotype‐phenotype linkages in DS whose complexity ranges from relatively simple to quite complex. J. Comp. Neurol. 504:329–345, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
15.7% Efficient 10‐μm‐Thick Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Using Periodic Nanostructures

Only ten micrometer thick crystalline silicon solar cells deliver a short-circuit current of 34.5 mA cm(-2) and power conversion efficiency of 15.7%. The record performance for a crystalline silicon solar cell of such thinness is enabled by an advanced light-trapping design incorporating a 2D inverted pyramid photonic crystal and a rear dielectric/reflector stack.
Finite-Frequency SKS Splitting: Measurement and Sensitivity Kernels

Splitting of SKS waves caused by anisotropy may be analyzed by measuring the splitting intensity, i.e., the amplitude of the transverse signal relative to the radial signal in the SKS time window. This quantity is simply related to structural parameters. Extending the widely used cross-correlation method for measuring travel-time anomalies to anisotropic problems, we propose to measure the SKS-splitting intensity by a robust cross-correlation method that can be automated to build large high-quality datasets. For weak anisotropy, the SKS-splitting intensity is retrieved by cross-correlating the radial signal with the sum of the radial and transverse signals. The cross-correlation method is validated based upon a set of Californian seismograms. We investigate the sensitivity of the SKS-splitting intensity to general anisotropy in the mantle based upon a numerical technique (the adjoint spectral-element method) considering the full physics of wave propagation. The computations reveal a sensitivity remarkably focused on a small number of elastic parameters and on a small region of the upper mantle. These fundamental properties and the practical advantages of the measurement make the cross-correlation SKS-splitting intensity particularly well adapted for finite-frequency imaging of upper-mantle anisotropy.
Enhanced small interfering RNA delivery into cells by exploiting the additive effect between photo‐sensitive peptides and targeting ligands

To enhance the targeting delivery efficiency of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to tumour cells, a novel multifunctional liposome (PSP/NGR‐L) comodified with photo‐sensitive cell‐penetrating peptides (PSP) and asparagine‐glycine‐arginine peptide (NGR) was constructed and investigated.
Learning compact binary codes via pairwise correlation reconstruction

Due to the explosive growth of visual data and the raised urgent needs for more efficient nearest neighbor search methods, hashing methods have been widely studied in recent years. However, parameter optimization of the hash function in most available approaches is tightly coupled with the form of the function itself, which makes the optimization difficult and consequently affects the similarity preserving performance of hashing. To address this issue, we propose a novel pairwise correlation reconstruction framework for learning compact binary codes flexibly. Firstly, each data point is projected into a metric space and represented as a vector encoding the underlying local and global structure of the input space. The similarities of the data are then measured by the pairwise correlations of the learned vectors, which are represented as Euclidean distances. Afterwards, in order to preserve the similarities maximally, the optimal binary codes are learned by reconstructing the pairwise correlations. Experimental results are provided and analyzed on four commonly used benchmark datasets to demonstrate that the proposed method achieves the best nearest neighbor search performance comparing with the state-of-the-art methods.
Computer simulation of electromagnetic radiation from apertures in infinite screen by EFIE

Electromagnetic radiation by apertures in a perfectly conducting screen is investigated by computer simulation in this paper. We propose a new electric field integral equation for the radiation of electromagnetic wave from apertures in an infinite-area perfectly conducting screen. Numerical results are compared with those from an aperture in finite-area perfectly conduction plate.
Performance of RCPC codes with soft-decision decoding over Nakagami-m fading channels

The analytical upper bounds on the pairwise error probability of rate compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes, using coherent BPSK signals over slow frequency nonselective Nakagami-m fading channels with AWGN, are evaluated. With perfect channel state information (CSI) assumption, we use a direct integral with the Nakagami-m probability density function to obtain a closed form upper bound. For the case without CSI, we find an approximated upper bound for the high SNR cases and the approximation can be justified for signal to noise ratio (SNR) E/sub s//N/sub 0/ /spl Gt/ 1.5 dB.
Trachoma: Possibilities of Prevention. A Study in the Sultanate of Oman

Using a questionnaire and direct observation, this survey aimed at providing basic information on how to design an effective trachoma prevention campaign. Among the population of rural Oman, the causal relations between Chlamydia conjunctivitis and the later complications, trichiasis, corneal ulcer and eventually blindness, are still widely unknown, so that prevention of contagion seems irrelevant in public opinion. A booklet on the prevention of blindness was very poorly understood, because the population is highly illiterate, and because even the pictures used were not appropriate. Such concepts as contagion and the importance of flies in the spread of diseases appeared to be common in the population surveyed. These ideas could provide a starting point in a picture- and television-based campaign. The results are consistent with theory that the success of a trachoma prevention campaign depends on a thorough knowledge of local sociocultural particularities.
Detect Kernel-Mode Rootkits via Real Time Logging & Controlling Memory Access

Modern malware and spyware platforms attack existing antivirus solutions and even Microsoft PatchGuard. To protect users and business systems new technologies developed by Intel and AMD CPUs may be applied. To deal with the new malware we propose monitoring and controlling access to the memory in real time using Intel VT-x with EPT. We have checked this concept by developing MemoryMonRWX, which is a bare-metal hypervisor. MemoryMonRWX is able to track and trap all types of memory access: read, write, and execute. MemoryMonRWX also has the following competitive advantages: fine-grained analysis, support of multi-core CPUs and 64-bit Windows 10. MemoryMonRWX is able to protect critical kernel memory areas even when PatchGuard has been disabled by malware. Its main innovative features are as follows: guaranteed interception of every memory access, resilience, and low performance degradation.
The Two-Peptide Class II Bacteriocins: Structure, Production, and Mode of Action

The two-peptide class II bacteriocins consist of two different unmodified peptides, both of which must be present in about equal amounts in order for these bacteriocins to exert optimal antimicrobial activity. These bacteriocins render the membrane of target cells permeable to various small molecules. The genes encoding the two peptides of two-peptide bacteriocins are adjacent to each other in the same operon and they are near the genes encoding (i) the immunity protein that protects the bacteriocin-producing bacteria from being killed by their own bacteriocin, (ii) a dedicated ABC transporter that transports the bacteriocin out of the bacteriocin-producing bacteria, and (iii) an accessory protein whose specific role is not known, but which also appears to be required for secretion of the bacteriocin. The production of some two-peptide bacteriocins is transcriptionally regulated through a three-component regulatory system that consists of a membrane-interacting peptide pheromone, a membrane-associated histidine protein kinase, and response regulators. Structure analysis of three two-peptide bacteriocins (plantaricin E/F, plantaricin J/K, and lactococcin G) by CD (and in part by NMR) spectroscopy reveal that these bacteriocins contain long amphiphilic α-helical stretches and that the two complementary peptides interact and structure each other when exposed to membrane-like entities. Lactococcin G shares about 55% sequence identity with enterocin 1071, but these two bacteriocins nevertheless kill different types of bacteria. The target-cell specificity of lactococcin G-enterocin 1071 hybrid bacteriocins that have been constructed by site-directed mutagenesis suggests that the β-peptide is important for determining the target-cell specificity.