Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Childhoods and children in Visual Culture: conceptions and photoetnographic narratives

This article highlights the importance of Visual Culture for the historical and social understanding of the conceptions of children and childhoods constituted in light of the theoretical assumptions of Sociology of Childhood, as well as, emphasizes the use of the photoetnographic narrative to understand reality in scientific researches, specifically related to childhood. For that, it presents three imaginary narratives produced from the images of children prepared in scientific research in Brazil, based on the epistemological and empirical presuppositions of History and Sociology of Childhood. It is a qualitative and descriptive study, of photoetnographic strategy, that includes an analysis produced in the light of a multireferential, critical and transdisciplinary, perspective. Through the photoetnographic narratives, the study revealed that childhood is constituted by the multiplicity of human societies, in which each age and context offer children possibilities for cultural creation and appropriation, thus triggering new and unusual forms of life, where children create for themselves strategies of survival and resistance. In this sense, thinking about the universe of children’s cultures in the perspective of Visual Culture requires a constant movement of reflection on how these spaces reflect conceptions and images of children and contribute to the formation of these cultures.
Eigenvalue sensitivities of excitation system model and parameters

Based on the theory of dynamic stability of small disturbance, several typical excitation system models in power system analysis software package (PSASP) are connected to the Phillips-Heffron model in this paper. It derives the detailed excitation system model used for the analysis of low-frequency oscillation in power system and then the particular model is extended to the multi-machine system. An improved eigenvalue sensitivity concept is presented to discuss the effects that different excitation system models and parameters have on low-frequency oscillation . The simulation results show that some parameters of the excitation controller can affect low-frequency oscillation mode clearly and so it is of great importance to set, to identify and to measure these parameters.
Overbidding vs fire – sales in automatic bankruptcy auctions

We analyze bidding incentives of the main creditor (bank) in Swedish bankruptcy auctions. Absent a direct mechanism for enforcing its seller reservation price, the bank offers financing to a potential bidder in return for a bid strategy that maximizes the expected profits of the bank-bidder coalition. The coalition overbids (in excess of the coalition’s private valuation) by an amount that is decreasing in the bank’s ”liquidation recovery”. This is the recovery if the bank were to receive the piecemeal liquidation value announced by the auctioneer at the start of the auction. Since both the liquidation recovery and the final going-concern auction premium are observable, the overbidding theory is testable. We perform a large-sample, cross-sectional analysis where overbidding is picthed against asset-fire sale arguments. The latter hold that auctions tend to produce lower going-concern premiums when taking place during industrywide financial distress, or when the firm is sold back to old owners or to industry outsiders. The evidence is strongly consistent with overbidding but provides little support for asset fire-sale arguments. ∗We have benefitted from the comments of Sandra Betton, Diego Garcia, Robert Hansen, Ronen Israel, Kose John, Dima Lechinski, Christian Riis, Kristian Rydqvist, Keun Kwan Ryu, Chester Spatt, Matthew Spiegel, and seminar participants at the following universities: Dartmouth, Emory, Georgetown, the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, the Norwegian School of Management, Oxford, Rochester, Toronto, and Vanderbilt. We have also benefitted from presentations at the 2000 CEPR Summer Symposium at Gerzensee (Switzerland), the 2001 CEPR Corporate Governance conference at Cormayeur (Italy), the 2001 meetings of the Utah Winter Finance Conference, the Financial Management Association (European), and the European Finance Association, and the 2002 meetings of the American Finance Association and the NBER Corporate Finance Meeting. Partial financial support from Tuck’s Center for Corporate Governance, the Norwegian National Research Council (grant no. 125105/510) and the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention is also gratefully acknowledged. Email: b.espen. eckbo@dartmouth.edu and karin.thorburn@dartmouth.edu.
Direction-of-arrival estimation for spatially non-symmetric distributed sources

We propose a novel direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method, which uses sensors of the receiving array, for spatially non-symmetric distributed sources characterized by multipath fading. Specifically, the probability density function (PDF) of a non-symmetric distribution is modeled as the summation of two Gaussian PDFs. The proposed algorithm is based on a covariance fitting and accurately estimates the DOA for a non-symmetrically distributed source by determining the scaling ratio between the two Gaussians. Furthermore, the degree of angular spread is also evaluated by using these estimated parameters.
A Preprocessing Framework and Approach for Web Applications

Aiming to meet the common requirements of several typical web applications, we propose a new preprocessing framework and the corresponding approach. The framework includes three parts: Web page cleaning, replica removal and Web page integration. After the preprocessing stage, Web pages are purified and transformed into a general model called DocView. The model consists of eight elements, identifier, type, content classification code, title, keywords, abstract, topic content, relevant hyperlinks. Most of them are meta data, while the latter two are content data. The approach first partitions a page into several content blocks according to some selected tags in the markup tag tree. Based on a set of heuristics, it identifies the blocks that contain the topic content of the page. Then a quantitative measure (a feature vector) of the blocks with respect to the topic is obtained. From the topic feature vector, the elements of DocView are extracted by corresponding algorithms. The main advantage of our approach is no need for other information beyond the raw page, while additional information is usually necessary for previous related work. The preprocessing framework and approach have been applied to our search engine (Tianwang [15]) and web page classification system. The strong evidence of improvement in applications shows the practicability of the framework and verifies the validity of the approach. It's not difficult to realize that after such a preprocessing stage, we can set up a well-formed, purified, easily manipulated information layer on top of any Web page collection (including WWW) for Web applications.
Development of an Emergency Locking Unit for a Belt-In-Seat (BIS) System Using a MEMS Acceleration Sensor

This paper proposes an emergency locking unit (ELU) for a seat belt retractor which is mounted on the back frame of a vehicle seat. The proposed unit uses a recliner sensor based on a MEMS acceleration sensor and solenoid mechanism. The seat has an upper frame supported to tilt on a lower frame. The retractor in belt in seat (BIS) system is supported by the upper frame. The proposed recliner sensor based on a MEMS acceleration sensor comprises orientation means for maintaining a predetermined orientation of emergency relative to the lower frame independently of the force of gravity when the upper frame tilts on the lower frame. Experimental results show that the developed recliner sensor unit operates effectively with respect to rollover angles. Thus, the developed unit will have a considerable potential to offer a new design concept in BIS system.
Digital Footprinting: Uncovering Tourists with User-Generated Content

Novel methods and tools are being developed to explore the significance of the new types of user-related spatiotemporal data. This approach helps uncover the presence and movements of tourists from cell phone network data and the georeferenced photos they generate. A city's visitors have many ways of leaving voluntary or involuntary electronic trails: prior to their visits, tourists generate server log entries when they consult digital maps or travel Web sites; during their visit, they leave traces on wireless networks whenever they use their mobile phones; and after their visit, they might add online reviews and photos. Broadly speaking then, there are two types of footprint: active and passive. Passive tracks are left through interaction with an infrastructure, such as a mobile phone network, that produces entries in locational logs; active prints come from the users themselves when they expose locational data in photos, messages, and sensor measurements. In this article, we consider two types of digital traces from Rome, Italy: georeferenced photos made publicly available on the photo-sharing Web site Flickr and aggregate records of wireless network events generated by mobile phone users making calls and sending text messages on the Telecom Italia Mobile (TIM) system.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of 5-Bromo-7-azaindolin-2-one Derivatives Containing a 2,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide Moiety

We report herein the design and synthesis of a series of novel 5-bromo-7-azaindolin-2-one derivatives containing a 2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide moiety. These newly synthesized derivatives were evaluated for in vitro activity against selected cancer cell lines by MTT assay. Results revealed that some compounds exhibit broad-spectrum antitumor potency, and the most active compound 23p (IC50: 2.357–3.012 μM) was found more potent than Sunitinib (IC50: 31.594–49.036 μM) against HepG2, A549 and Skov-3, respectively.
Location based throughput gain in cognitive radio

Selection of appropriate detection threshold (λ) is a very critical task in energy detection scheme based cognitive radio (CR) system. λ is mainly selected by using two principles called as constant detection rate (CDR) in which λ is calculated by taking fixed value of probability of detection (Pd) and constant false alarm rate (CFAR) in which λ is calculated by taking fixed value of probability of false alarm Pfa. The CDR principle is mostly adopted to sufficiently protect the primary users (PUs), but it lags in exploiting the best spectrum utilization opportunities mainly when CR user is located far away where chances of interfering a PU communication are least. This overprotective nature of CR in CDR principle leads to a decrease in its achievable throughput. To overcome it, this article proposes an approach in which the location information of PU is efficiently used to access the spectrum using “opportunistic spectrum access scheme under the CDR principle” and the “scheme of spectrum sharing”. Under the proposed approach, the CR achieves a significant gain in its throughput compared to the approach in which the CDR and CFAR principles are used blindly.
Fast Depth Estimation Method from a Pair of Retified Images

This paper proposes a line segment method to estimate the depth information from a pair of rectified images. The proposed method can achieve real-time and high quality stereo-matching. We first use a simple edge detection to find out the line segments in the reference image and then calculate the color difference of each line segment from a pair of rectified images. Finally, the minimum difference of each line segment is found out as the corresponding points. Unfortunately the line segments matching method is susceptible to cause error in occluded areas, so three methods are developed to refine the depth map. From the experiments, it is proved that the proposed method can accurately estimate the depth information in real-time.
Institute of Physics Publishing Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering a Reduced-order Model for Electrically Actuated Microplates

We present a reduced-order model for electrically actuated microplate-based MEMS. The model accounts for the electric force nonlinearity and the mid-plane stretching of the plate. The linear undamped vibration modes are found numerically using the hierarchical finite-element method. These mode shapes are used in a Galerkin approximation to reduce the partial-differential equations of motion and associated boundary conditions into a finite-dimensional system of nonlinearly coupled second-order ordinary-differential equations. The model is validated by comparing its results with those obtained experimentally and those obtained by solving the distributed-parameter system. The model is used to calculate the deflection of the microplate under dc voltages and study the pull-in phenomenon. The natural frequencies and mode shapes around these deflected positions of the microplate are calculated by solving the linear eigenvalue problem. The effects of various design parameters on both the static and dynamic characteristics of microplates are studied. The reduced-order model provides an effective and accurate design tool, useful in design optimization and determination of the stable operation range of MEMS devices.
Randomized Strategies for Multi-User Multi-Channel Opportunity Sensing

We show how the expected network throughput of contending secondary users in an opportunistic spectrum access network can be optimized by making appropriate sensing decisions. We consider both uncoordinated symmetric users that see the same primary user behavior, and also a more general coordinated asymmetric setting. For the uncoordinated symmetric case, we show that when the number of users exceeds the number of channels, the optimal strategy is independent of primary user behavior. For the coordinated asymmetric case, we show that at the optimal operation point each user can adopt a pure strategy. Furthermore, the optimal solution can be obtained by using the Hungarian algorithm for bipartite maximum weight matching.
A secreted Ustilago maydis effector promotes virulence by targeting anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize

The biotrophic fungus Ustilago maydis causes smut disease in maize with characteristic tumor formation and anthocyanin induction. Here, we show that anthocyanin biosynthesis is induced by the virulence promoting secreted effector protein Tin2. Tin2 protein functions inside plant cells where it interacts with maize protein kinase ZmTTK1. Tin2 masks a ubiquitin–proteasome degradation motif in ZmTTK1, thus stabilizing the active kinase. Active ZmTTK1 controls activation of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Without Tin2, enhanced lignin biosynthesis is observed in infected tissue and vascular bundles show strong lignification. This is presumably limiting access of fungal hyphae to nutrients needed for massive proliferation. Consistent with this assertion, we observe that maize brown midrib mutants affected in lignin biosynthesis are hypersensitive to U. maydis infection. We speculate that Tin2 rewires metabolites into the anthocyanin pathway to lower their availability for other defense responses. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.01355. 001
A web smart space framework for information mining: a base for intelligent search engines

A web smart space is an intelligent environment which has additional capability of searching the information smartly and efficiently. New advancements like dynamic web contents generation has increased the size of web repositories. Among so many modern software analysis requirements, one is to search information from the given repository. But useful information extraction is a troublesome hitch due to the multilingual; base of the web data collection. The issue of semantic based information searching has become a standoff due to the inconsistencies and variations in the characteristics of the data. In the accomplished research, a web smart space framework has been proposed which introduces front end processing for a search engine to make the information retrieval process more intelligent and accurate. In orthodox searching anatomies, searching is performed only by using pattern matching technique and consequently a large number of irrelevant results are generated. The projected framework has insightful ability to improve this drawback and returns efficient outcomes. Designed framework gets text input from the user in the form complete question, understands the input and generates the meanings. Search engine searches on the basis of the information provided.
Perturbations of Drosophila alpha-actinin cause muscle paralysis, weakness, and atrophy but do not confer obvious nonmuscle phenotypes

We have investigated accumulation of alpha-actinin, the principal cross- linker of actin filaments, in four Drosophila fliA mutants. A single gene is variably spliced to generate one nonmuscle and two muscle isoforms whose primary sequence differences are confined to a peptide spanning the actin binding domain and first central repeat. In fliA3 the synthesis of an adult muscle-specific isoform is blocked in flight and leg muscles, while in fliA4 the synthesis of nonmuscle and both muscle-specific isoforms is severely reduced. Affected muscles are weak or paralyzed, and, in the case of fliA3, atrophic. Their myofibrils, while structurally irregular, are remarkably normal considering that they are nearly devoid of a major contractile protein. Also surprising is that no obvious nonmuscle cell abnormalities can be discerned despite the fact that both the fliA1- and fliA4-associated mutations perturb the nonmuscle isoform. Our observations suggest that alpha- actinin stabilizes and anchors thin filament arrays, rather than orchestrating their assembly, and further imply that alpha-actinin function is redundant in both muscle and nonmuscle cells.
Substance Abuse Treatment and Domestic Violence. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 25.

• [Front Matter] • Executive Summary and Recommendations • Chapter 1 -Effects of Domestic Violence on Substance Abuse Treatment • Chapter 2 -Survivors of Domestic Violence: An Overview • Chapter 3 -Batterers: An Overview • Chapter 4 -Screening and Referral of Survivors and Batterers in Substance Abuse Treatment Programs • Chapter 5 -Legal Issues • Chapter 6 -Linkages: A Coordinated Community Response • Appendix A -Bibliography • Appendix B -Federal Confidentiality Regulations • Appendix C -Instruments • Appendix D -Sample Personalized Safety Plan For Domestic Viole. • Appendix E -Hotlines and Other Resources For Domestic Violence. • Appendix F -Resource Panel • Appendix G -Field Reviewers • [Tables and Figures]
Increasing network lifetime and data transfer through node vulnerability aware routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Most of the data routing protocols proposed for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) address the energy efficiency problem and try to achieve the fundamental objective of prolonging the network's operational lifetime. A network's operational lifetime can be extended if the energy of all nodes in the sensor network is used equitably and the overall connectivity from source to destination nodes is maintained. In this paper, we propose a data routing technique that takes into account the importance of a particular node for overall network connectivity for all data routing decisions. We highlight that some nodes are more important for network connectivity than others based upon their physical location in the field and that these nodes need to be used sporadically for data forwarding. Avoiding the use of such important nodes results in prolonging the overall network lifetime and maximizing the data transfer to the base station. Simulation results are shown to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Religiosity and adolescent marijuana use

ABSTRACT Among adolescents, religiosity has been associated with lower rates of marijuana use, though few studies have examined its impact on the perceived risk of use. There is strong support that perceived risk of using marijuana is negatively correlated with the frequency of use. We examined the relationship among religiosity, perceived risk, and marijuana use from a national survey of adolescents that contained questions about lifetime, weekly, and past month substance use, social support, religious involvement and attitudes, and perceived riskiness of use. We tested a structural equation model of relationships among latent variables of religiosity and perceived risk, and an observed variable of total days of marijuana use in the past 12 months. Results indicated the model was a good fit to the data and described a mediating relationship of perceived risk of use between religiosity and marijuana use. Implications for leveraging religiosity in prevention of substance use are discussed.
Reducing session establishment delay using timed out packets in SIP signaling network

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) has a retransmission mechanism to maintain the reliability for its real time transmission. But these real time transmissions cause overload in the server and creates redundant messages. SIP does not offer sufficient mechanisms for handling overload situations. In this paper, we study the SIP system behavior by separating signaling traffic in two different classes (Invites and Non‐invites) and creating a cut‐off priority queueing model. SIP retransmission mechanism with timeout is modeled as a queueing system with impatient customers. Using this model, the effect of unnecessary retransmissions is studied, and delay distribution and loss probability (Pb_loss) are calculated. The proposed analytical model is verified with simulations that demonstrate that the inclusion of timeout gives better delay performance. Using Pb_loss, an algorithm is developed to control the overload in hop‐by‐hop transaction as described in RFC 6357. The simulation results for the proposed model with overload control and the standard SIP as per RFC 3261 are compared. The results demonstrate that the server utilization factor of an overloaded server always remains less than one and hence avoids system collapse. Further, the redundant messages in the system are reduced by 30% as compared with the standard SIP network. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.