Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Insulin in Human Breast Milk in Mothers with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Despite the important role that insulin plays in the human body, very little is known about its presence in human milk. Levels rapidly decrease during the first few days of lactation and then, unlike other serum proteins of similar size, achieve comparable levels to those in serum. Despite this, current guides for medical treatment suggest that insulin does not pass into milk, raising the question of where the insulin in milk originates. Five mothers without diabetes, 4 mothers with type 1, and 5 mothers with type 2 diabetes collected milk samples over a 24-hour period. Samples were analysed for total and endogenous insulin content and for c-peptide content. All of the insulin present in the milk of type 1 mothers was artificial, and c-peptide levels were 100x lower than in serum. This demonstrates that insulin is transported into human milk at comparable concentration to serum, suggesting an active transport mechanism. The role of insulin in milk is yet to be determined; however, there are a number of potential implications for the infant of the presence of artificial insulins in milk.
Fundamental properties of PTCDI-C8 semiconductor for optoelectronic and photonic applications

In this study, we investigated fundamental properties such as electrical and optical properties of the N,N′-Dioctyl-3,4,9,10 perylenedicarboximide (PTCDI-C8) Organic Semiconductor (OSC) material for optoelectronic and photonic applications. The important spectral parameters such as mass extinction coefficient and transmittance spectrum of the PTCDI-C8 molecule were calculated. Optical properties such as refractive index, optical band gap, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants of the PTCDI-C8 were obtained. The electrical and optical conductance properties were also investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of obtained fundamental parameters were determined for optoelectronic and photonic applications.
Better features to track by estimating the tracking convergence region

Reliably tracking key points and textured patches from frame to frame is the basic requirement for many bottom-up computer vision algorithms. The problem of selecting the features that can be tracked well is addressed. The Lucas-Kanade tracking procedure is commonly used. We propose a method to estimate the size of the tracking procedure convergence region for each feature. The features that have a wider convergence region around them should be tracked better by the tracker. The size of the convergence region as a new feature goodness measure is compared with the widely accepted Shi-Tomasi feature selection criteria.
A Semiconductor-Based 10-GHz Optical Comb Source With Sub 3-fs Shot-Noise-Limited Timing Jitter and  $\sim$500-Hz Comb Linewidth

In this work, a 10.287-GHz semiconductor-based harmonically mode-locked laser with 1000 finesse intracavity etalon is demonstrated. The timing jitter integrated from 1 Hz to 100 MHz (Nyquist) is 3 fs (14 fs). The optical linewidth is ~500 Hz and the optical frequency stability is <150 kHz over 30 s.
A H.264 video decoder with scheme of efficient bandwidth optimization for motion compensation

In this paper, we present a H.264 video decoder design for baseline profile application, with a special emphasis on the motion compensation (MC) bandwidth optimization scheme. The proposed design can achieve real-time H.264 video decoding for D1@30fps at 55 MHz, which is, to a great extent, attributed to the MC bandwidth optimization scheme. Fabricated by SMIC one-poly six-metal 0.13mum CMOS technology, the design occupies 2 x 2 mm silicon area with hardware complexity of 280K gates and 95K bits of local memory, which is better than current implementations published in Kun, et al. (2006).
Conservation analysis of small RNA genes in Escherichia coli

MOTIVATION Small RNA (sRNA) genes in Escherichia coli have been in focus recently, as 44 out of 55 experimentally confirmed sRNA genes have been precisely located in the genome. The object of this study is to analyze quantitatively the conservation of these sRNA genes and compare it with the conservation of protein-encoding genes, function-unknown regions and tRNA genes. RESULTS The results show that within an evolutionary distance of 0.26, both sRNA genes and protein-encoding genes display a similar tendency in their degrees of conservation at the nucleotide level. In addition, the conservation of sRNA genes is much stronger than function-unknown regions, but much weaker than tRNA genes. Based on the conservation of studied sRNA genes, we also give clues to estimate the total number of sRNA genes in E.coli. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary information is available at http://www.bioinfo. org.cn/SM/sRNAconservation.htm
Contributions of Intracellular Ions to Kv Channel Voltage Sensor Dynamics

Voltage-sensing domains (VSDs) of Kv channels control ionic conductance through coupling of the movement of charged residues in the S4 segment to conformational changes at the cytoplasmic region of the pore domain, that allow K+ ions to flow. Conformational transitions within the VSD are induced by changes in the applied voltage across the membrane field. However, several other factors not directly linked to the voltage-dependent movement of charged residues within the voltage sensor impact the dynamics of the voltage sensor, such as inactivation, ionic conductance, intracellular ion identity, and block of the channel by intracellular ligands. The effect of intracellular ions on voltage sensor dynamics is of importance in the interpretation of gating current measurements and the physiology of pore/voltage sensor coupling. There is a significant amount of variability in the reported kinetics of voltage sensor deactivation kinetics of Kv channels attributed to different mechanisms such as open state stabilization, immobilization, and relaxation processes of the voltage sensor. Here we separate these factors and focus on the causal role that intracellular ions can play in allosterically modulating the dynamics of Kv voltage sensor deactivation kinetics. These considerations are of critical importance in understanding the molecular determinants of the complete channel gating cycle from activation to deactivation.
Mechanochemistry of protein 4.1's spectrin-actin-binding domain: ternary complex interactions, membrane binding, network integration, structural strengthening

Mechanical strength of the red cell membrane is dependent on ternary interactions among the skeletal proteins, spectrin, actin, and protein 4.1. Protein 4.1's spectrin-actin-binding (SAB) domain is specified by an alternatively spliced exon encoding 21 amino acid (aa) and a constitutive exon encoding 59 aa. A series of truncated SAB peptides were engineered to define the sequences involved in spectrin-actin interactions, and also membrane strength. Analysis of in vitro supramolecular assemblies showed that gelation activity of SAB peptides correlates with their ability to recruit a critical amount of spectrin into the complex to cross-link actin filaments. Also, several SAB peptides appeared to exhibit a weak, cooperative actin-binding activity which mapped to the first 26 residues of the constitutive 59 aa. Fluorescence-imaged microdeformation was used to show SAB peptide integration into the elastic skeletal network of spectrin, actin, and protein 4.1. In situ membrane-binding and membrane-strengthening abilities of the SAB peptides correlated with their in vitro gelation activity. The findings imply that sites for strong spectrin binding include both the alternative 21-aa cassette and a conserved region near the middle of the 59 aa. However, it is shown that only weak SAB affinity is necessary for physiologically relevant action. Alternatively spliced exons can thus translate into strong modulation of specific protein interactions, economizing protein function in the cell without, in and of themselves, imparting unique function.
Enabling Parallelism and Resource Sharing in Multi-core Component-Based Systems

Complex real-time embedded systems require guarantees regarding the assurance of their timing requirements. Such guarantees can be derived using advanced design and analysis methods. Many design solutions address the complexity of these systems using component-based techniques. In this paper we focus on resource sharing in component-based systems with several components executing on a multi-core processor. We consider that the tasks of each component can be scheduled on any core with the possibility of two tasks belonging to the same component executing in parallel. We propose the Parallel Hierarchical Resource Policy, a novel resource sharing policy for multi-core component-based systems. We also develop a detailed response-time based schedulability analysis for the individual components and for the composed system, assuming that intra- and inter-component resource sharing takes place.
A Variant in the BACH2 Gene Is Associated With Susceptibility to Autoimmune Addison's Disease in Humans

Context: Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is a rare but highly heritable condition. The BACH2 protein plays a crucial role in T lymphocyte maturation, and allelic variation in its gene has been associated with a number of autoimmune conditions. Objective: We aimed to determine whether alleles of the rs3757247 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the BACH2 gene are associated with AAD. Design, Setting, and Patients: This case-control association study was performed in two phases using Taqman chemistry. In the first phase, the rs3757247 SNP was genotyped in 358 UK AAD subjects and 166 local control subjects. Genotype data were also available from 5154 healthy UK controls from the Wellcome Trust (WTCCC2) for comparison. In the second phase, the SNP was genotyped in a validation cohort comprising 317 Norwegian AAD subjects and 365 controls. Results: The frequency of the minor T allele was significantly higher in subjects with AAD from the United Kingdom compared to both the local and WTCCC2 control cohorts (58% vs 45 and 48%, respectively) (local controls, P = 1.1 × 10−4; odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29–2.18; WTCCC2 controls, P = 1.4 × 10−6; OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.23–1.69). This finding was replicated in the Norwegian validation cohort (P = .0015; OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.14–1.75). Subgroup analysis showed that this association is present in subjects with both isolated AAD (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.22–1.92) and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.12–1.69) in the UK cohort, and with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 in the Norwegian cohort (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.22–2.06). Conclusion: We have demonstrated, for the first time, that allelic variability at the BACH2 locus is associated with susceptibility to AAD. Given its association with multiple autoimmune conditions, BACH2 can be considered a “universal” autoimmune susceptibility locus.
Visuospatial characteristics of an elderly Chinese population: results from the WAIS-R block design test

Visuospatial deficits have long been recognized as a potential predictor of dementia, with visuospatial ability decline having been found to accelerate in later stages of dementia. We, therefore, believe that the visuospatial performance of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia (Dem) might change with varying visuospatial task difficulties. This study administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) Block Design Test (BDT) to determine whether visuospatial ability can help discriminate between MCI patients from Dem patients and normal controls (NC). Results showed that the BDT could contribute to the discrimination between MCI and Dem. Specifically, simple BDT task scores could best distinguish MCI from Dem patients, while difficult BDT task scores could contribute to discriminating between MCI and NC. Given the potential clinical value of the BDT in the diagnosis of Dem and MCI, normative data stratified by age and education for the Chinese elderly population are presented for use in research and clinical settings.
Chiral Poincare transformations and their anomalies

I consider global transformations of a Dirac fermion field, that are generated by the generators of Poincar'e transformations, but with a \gamma_5 appended. Such chiral translations and chiral Lorentz transformations are usually not symmetries of the Lagrangian, but naively they are symmetries of the fermionic measure. However, by using proper time regularization in Minkowski space, I find that they in general give rise to a nontrivial Jacobian. In this sense they have "anomalies". I calculate these anomalies in a theory of a massive fermion coupled to an external Abelian vector field. My motivation for considering chiral Poincar'e transformations is the possibility that they are relevant to bosonization in four dimensions.
Enhancing efficiency of thin film silicon solar cell

Monocrystalline Silicon is the best material for semiconductor industry such a solar cell and unfortunately it is expensive. Because the demand of renewable energy is increasing today especially silicon solar cells, the cost of photovoltaics is still expensive and over 50 percent of it is the material cost contribution. One of the approaches to reducing it is by making a flexible and thinner solar cells. The conventional monocrystalline silicon solar cell are in range 300μm-400μm thickness. By reducing the thickness of monocrystalline silicon solar cell to range 5μm-50μm, we hope the cost reduction per Wp of photovoltaics is 5 to 35 percent [1]. Although the cells efficiency will drops after thinning solar cell process, but its still have a high efficiency [3]. The optimization for their electrical performance, flexibility and mechanical strength are important to get a good flexible , high efficiency and thin monocrystalline silicon solar cells.
Tobacco carcinogen induces both lung cancer and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinomas in ferrets which can be attenuated by lycopene supplementation

Early epidemiologic studies have reported that tobacco smoking, which is causally associated with liver cancer, is an independent risk factor for non‐alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). Lycopene from tomatoes has been shown to be a potential preventive agent against NAFLD and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we investigated whether the tobacco carcinogen 4‐(N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK) induces lesions in both lungs and livers of ferrets with or without lycopene intervention. Male ferrets (6 groups, n = 8–10) were treated either with NNK (50 mg/kg BW, i.p., once a month for four consecutive months) or saline with or without dietary lycopene supplementation (2.2 and 6.6 mg/kg BW/day, respectively) for 26 weeks. Results demonstrate that NNK exposure results in higher incidences of lung tumors, HCC and steatohepatitis (which is characterized by severe inflammatory cell infiltration with concurrent fat accumulation in liver, hepatocellular ballooning degeneration and increased NF‐κB expression), as well as elevations in bilirubin and AST levels in ferrets. Lycopene supplementation at two doses prevented NNK‐induced expressions of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the lung and NF‐κB and CYP2E1 in the liver and attenuated the NNK‐induced mortality and pathological lesions in both the lungs and livers of ferrets. The present study provided strong experimental evidence that the tobacco carcinogen NNK can induce both HCC and steatohepatitis in the ferrets and can be a useful model for studying tobacco carcinogen‐associated NAFLD and liver cancer. Furthermore, lycopene could provide potential benefits against smoke carcinogen‐induced pulmonary and hepatic injury.
A novel mechanism controls the Ca2+ oscillations triggered by activation of ascidian eggs and has an absolute requirement for Cdk1 activity

Fertilisation in ascidians triggers a series of periodic rises in cytosolic Ca2+ that are essential for release from metaphase I arrest and progression through meiosis II. These sperm-triggered Ca2+ oscillations are switched off at exit from meiosis II. Ascidian zygotes provided the first demonstration of the positive feedback loop whereby elevated Cdk1 activity maintained these Ca2+ oscillations. Since then it has been reported that Cdk1 sensitises the type I inositol trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] receptor in somatic cells, and that sperm-triggered Ca2+ oscillations in mouse zygotes stop because the forming pronuclei sequester phospholipase C zeta that was delivered to the egg by the fertilising sperm. Here, using enucleation, we demonstrate in ascidian eggs that Ca2+ spiking stops at the correct time in the absence of pronuclei. Sequestration of sperm factor is therefore not involved in terminating Ca2+ spiking for these eggs. Instead we found that microinjection of the Cdk1 inhibitor p21 blocked Ca2+ spiking induced by ascidian sperm extract (ASE). However, such eggs were still capable of releasing Ca2+ in response to Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor agonists, indicating that ASE-triggered Ca2+ oscillations can stop even though the response to Ins(1,4,5)P3 remained elevated. These data suggest that Cdk1 activity promotes Ins(1,4,5)P3 production in the presence of the sperm factor, rather than sensitising the Ca2+ releasing machinery to Ins(1,4,5)P3. These findings suggest a new link between this cell cycle kinase and the Ins(1,4,5)P3 pathway.
Atomic vapor quantum memory for a photonic polarization qubit

We report an experimental realization of an atomic vapor quantum memory for the photonic polarization qubit. The quantum memory is realized by means of electromagnetically-induced transparency in two spatially separated ensembles of warm Rubidium atoms in a single vapor cell. We have fully characterized the memory with quantum process tomography.
Supervised Topic Model with Consideration of User and Item

In this paper, we propose a new supervised topic model by incorporating the user and the item information. The proposed model can simultaneously utilize the textual topic and user-item factors for label prediction. We conduct prediction experiment with a public review dataset. The results demonstrate the advantages of our model. It shows clear improvement compared with traditional supervised topic model and recommendation method.
Making Driver Modeling Attractive

Automobile industry and academic researchers expend considerable effort to develop driver assistance systems. DASs are aware of certain driving situations and support drivers through information, warnings, or even intervention. Many DAS applications are safety oriented, such as lane departure warning systems. Some are comfort oriented, such as automated parking assistants. Moreover, DAS human-machine interfaces must support careful communication with potentially taxed drivers. Driver models support DAS design in several ways. Our work focuses on modeling the tactical level of driving decisions, such as when to brake and whether to accelerate and pass another vehicle. Such decisions are based on local, instantaneously available environmental information about the road and other cars in the same or an adjacent lane.
Heterozygous PAX6 mutation, adult brain structure and fronto‐striato‐thalamic function in a human family

Recent progress in developmental neurobiology and neuroimaging can be drawn together to provide new insight into the links between genetically specified processes of embryonic brain development and adult human brain structure and function. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to show that individuals with aniridia and deficits in executive and social cognition, due to heterozygous mutation of the neurodevelopmental control gene PAX6, have structural abnormalities of grey matter in anterior cingulate cortex, cerebellum and medial temporal lobe, as well as white matter deficits in corpus callosum. Functional MRI demonstrated reduced activation of fronto‐striato‐thalamic systems during performance of overt verbal fluency and nonsense sentence completion; the most consistent abnormality of verbal executive activation was located in the thalamus. These results provide the first evidence for brain functional differences in humans with PAX6 mutation that are compatible both with anatomical abnormalities in the same subjects and, more circumstantially, with the known roles of murine Pax6 in regional differentiation, axonal guidance and other aspects of early forebrain development. Highly conserved homeobox genes may be critical for normal ontogenesis of large‐scale neurocognitive networks supporting phylogenetically advanced mental functions.
On-Chip Reflectivity-Tunable Single Wavelength Reflector

We propose an on-chip reflectivity-tunable single wavelength reflector, based on a coupling-modulation microring with an integrated reflective element. Reflectivity ranging from 0 to 1 can be obtained by tuning the coupling coefficient. With the reflective element parameters chosen carefully, the operation bandwidth of the reflector can be designed to accommodate the input signal with different bit rates and modulation formats. Combining the proposed reflector with delay-tunable photonic elements, an on-chip reconfigurable optical correlator is proposed. This on-chip optical correlator demonstrates reconfigurability, scalability, and size reduction, and thus, it is promising for on-chip optical packet switching networks.
Simultaneous Estimation of Nongaussian Components and Their Correlation Structure

The statistical dependencies that independent component analysis (ICA) cannot remove often provide rich information beyond the linear independent components. It would thus be very useful to estimate the dependency structure from data. While such models have been proposed, they have usually concentrated on higher-order correlations such as energy (square) correlations. Yet linear correlations are a fundamental and informative form of dependency in many real data sets. Linear correlations are usually completely removed by ICA and related methods so they can only be analyzed by developing new methods that explicitly allow for linearly correlated components. In this article, we propose a probabilistic model of linear nongaussian components that are allowed to have both linear and energy correlations. The precision matrix of the linear components is assumed to be randomly generated by a higher-order process and explicitly parameterized by a parameter matrix. The estimation of the parameter matrix is shown to be particularly simple because using score-matching (Hyvärinen, 2005), the objective function is a quadratic form. Using simulations with artificial data, we demonstrate that the proposed method improves the identifiability of nongaussian components by simultaneously learning their correlation structure. Applications on simulated complex cells with natural image input, as well as spectrograms of natural audio data, show that the method finds new kinds of dependencies between the components.