Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The properties of nitrogen in silicon

The behaviour of nitrogen in silicon is investigated using the dislocation unlocking technique. Specimens containing well-ordered arrays of dislocations are isothermally annealed for a controlled duration, during which nitrogen segregates to and pins the dislocations. The stress required to unlock the dislocations is then measured by three-point bending at elevated temperature. By analysing the dependence of this unlocking stress on anneal duration and temperature, information about nitrogen's transport and interaction with dislocations can be deduced. Experiments are performed at anneal temperatures of 500 - 1050C using float-zone silicon with [N] = 2x10^15 cm^-3. The results are analysed to give an expression for nitrogen's effective diffusivity of D = 173,000 exp(-3.24eV/kT)cm^2 s^-1 in the 500 - 750C range, showing for the first time that nitrogen transport at low temperatures behaves in the same way as measured at higher temperatures by other groups using secondary ion mass spectrometry. If analysed in terms of monomer-dimer dissociative transport, the results give a nitrogen monomer diffusivity of D_1 = 28 exp(-(1.1 to 1.4 eV)/kT) cm^2 s^-1, which is similar to that found by another analysis in the literature. The measurements also show that nitrogen's dislocation locking strength measured at 550C is dependent on anneal temperature, peaking at 600 - 700C and falling towards zero above 1000C. The dislocation unlocking technique itself is also investigated and characterized. It is found that the measured unlocking stress is dependent on the three-point bend duration, falling with increasing duration. Analysis of these results in terms of the theory of release of dislocations from pinning points indicates that nitrogen dislocation locking is likely to be by an atomic species. This effect also has implications for the results of previous nitrogen dislocation unlocking experiments, and the technique has been modified so that a standardised set of conditions is used for every test. Other measurements show that nitrogen's dislocation locking effect is lessened by the presence of transition metal contamination, and that dislocation velocity in silicon may be affected by the nitrogen present in the material. A modified dislocation unlocking technique is developed to measure dislocation locking from near-surface ion-implanted impurities. Results from heavily N-implanted silicon show that nitrogen implantation can provide additional dislocation locking strength to that already given by the oxygen in the material. The scale of the dislocation locking effect in these experiments may provide evidence that nitrogen's effective diffusivity is reduced at high concentrations, indicating that nitrogen transport may be by a dissociative mechanism.
Zinc oxide application in the textile industry: surface tailoring and water barrier attributes as parameters with direct implication in comfort performance

The present study focuses on surface tailoring and water barrier attributes of zinc oxide (ZnO)-polyester composite textile materials. The surface properties, such as surface topography and roughness, composite compositions as well as thermal stability of ZnO-100% polyester textile composite materials treated through a padding process with different concentrations of ZnO dispersions as active agent in water and methanol were studied. The results show that 3% ZnO-textile composite material have enhanced water barrier properties compared with the other compositions; a fact which promises improved properties in terms of comfort. ZnO modification of polyester surfaces leads to a dramatic decrease in their thermal stability.
Implementation and performance evaluation of 256-QAM in vienna system level simulator

System level simulation (SLS) is a good method for evaluating the performance of wireless networks. By using a single computer and simplifying the level of link level details it provides a good measure of the performance for large-scale complex wireless systems. Vienna downlink SLS is one of the most popular tools used for the performance evaluation and analysis of 4G LTE/LTE-A wireless networks. In this work we implement 256-QAM module for Vienna SLS and complement all the required parts of the simulator to support this functionality. We also show how much performance gain can be obtained when using 256-QAM in various simulation settings. It is verified that the network performance does not increase much in dense network deployments.
Anaesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine and 2% lidocaine for extraction and pulpotomy of mandibular primary molars: an equivalence parallel prospective randomized controlled trial

AIM To compare the anaesthetic efficacy for pain and behaviour during treatment with mandibular infiltration using 4% articaine (BI) with inferior dental nerve clock (IDNB) using 2% lidocaine for extraction or pulp therapy in mandibular primary molars. DESIGN This was equivalence parallel prospective RCT. A total of 98 children aged 5-9 years old were randomly assigned into two groups: BI supplemented by buccal intrapapillary infiltration with 4% articaine; IDNB with 2% lidocaine supplemented with long buccal infiltration. Behaviour during the injection and treatment procedures was assessed using Wong-Baker Facial Rating Scale (W-BFRS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale (FBRS). RESULTS During the injection phase, the absolute differences in success rates between the two techniques were 0.06 (95% CI: -0.11 to 0.23) for VAS and -0.08 (95% CI: -0.19 to 0.03) for the behaviour of the child (FBRS). FBRS results showed the equivalence of the two, whereas the VAS results showed nonequivalence with the 95% confidence intervals slightly exceeding the equivalence margin (±0.20). W-BFRS success rates were 63.3% for both. During the treatment, VAS results showed similar success rates, demonstrating equivalence between the two as did the results for FBRS. CONCLUSION The results suggested equivalence in success rates for both anaesthetic techniques during treatment.
An X-band 6-bits highly-accurate digital-stepped phase shifter MMIC for phased array system

This paper presents an X-band 6-bits highly-accurate digital-stepped phase shifter MMIC for phased array system. The proposed phase shifter employs high-pass/low-pass filter topology and an improved embedded device type topology to realize 64 states of uniform phase shift and reduce insertion loss at the same time. The MMIC is fabricated using 0.25umGaAs process. It has a maximum phase shift range of 354.375 ° with 5.625 ° steps. The proposed phase shifter exhibits RMS phase error of less than 1.5 °, and RMS amplitude error of less than 0.27 dB at 8–12 GHz. The insertion loss is 6.4 dB at10 GHz. The input 1-dB compression point is 29 dBm at 10 GHz, and the total chip size, including pads, is 2.5 × 1.8 mm2.
Distinct gene expression pathways in islets from individuals with short‐ and long‐duration type 1 diabetes

Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) arose, in large part, from studies using the non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. In the present study, we chose a human‐focused method to investigate T1D disease mechanisms and potential targets for therapeutic intervention by directly analysing human donor pancreatic islets from individuals with T1D.
Utility-based Downlink Pilot Assignment in Cell-Free Massive MIMO

We propose a strategy for orthogonal downlink pilot assignment in cell-free massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) that exploits knowledge of the channel state information, the channel hardening degree at each user, and the mobility conditions for the users. These elements, properly combined together, are used to define a user pilot utility metric, which measures the user's real need of a downlink pilot for efficient data decoding. The proposed strategy consists in assigning orthogonal downlink pilots only to the users having a pilot utility metric exceeding a predetermined threshold. Instead, users that are not assigned with an orthogonal downlink pilot decode the data by using the statistical channel state information. The utility-based approach guarantees higher downlink net sum throughput, better support both for high-speed users and shorter coherent intervals than prior art approaches.
Individual behavior in an organization

Human behavior is complex and every individual is different from another, the challenge of an effective organization is in successfully matching the task, the manager and the subordinate. Under ideal situation, a manager would first analyze the task, then determine the required skills and assemble a team that complement each other skills; thereby creating an enriching & conflict free team. In reality, a manager has to use the existing resources for a given task, and must have the ability to understand the differences in individual behaviors and use them appropriately to increase the synergy.
Nearness diagram navigation (ND): a new real time collision avoidance approach

This paper presents a new real-time collision avoidance approach for mobile robots. The nearness diagram method (ND) performs a high level information extraction and interpretation of the environment. Subsequently, this information is used to generate the motion commands. The proposed approach is well-suited to deal with unknown, unstructured and dynamic environments, where problems of other approaches are avoided. Some experimental results are shown using an holonomic mobile base to demonstrate the usefulness of the method.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE

The recycling of Construction and Demolition Wastes has long been accepted to have the possible to conserve natural resources and to decrease energy used in production. In some nations it is a standard substitute for both construction and maintenance, particularly where there is a scarcity of construction aggregate. The use of recycled aggregate weakens the quality of recycled aggregate concrete which limits its application. For improving the quality of recycled coarse aggregate, various surface treatment methods such as washing the recycled aggregates with water and diluted acid were investigated. Strength properties of the treated and untreated coarse aggregate were compared. The results indicated that the compressive, flexure and split tensile strength of recycle aggregate is found to be less than the natural aggregate.
Thermal properties and phase transitions of Cu-coated ZrW2O8 composite powders

ZrW2O8/Cu composite powders were prepared by the electroless plating method. The phase transformation and the thermal expansion properties of the composite powders with different coating thicknesses were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry and high-temperature X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the copper coating had considerable influence on the phase transition of ZrW2O8, which further affected the thermal expansion properties of the composite powders. With proper coating thickness, composite powders exhibiting minimum coefficient of thermal expansion values can be obtained based on the results of this study.
Numerical Modeling of the Groundwater Flow in Ennahud Basin , Northern Kordofan state-Sudan .

The groundwater model techniques were used to improve the understanding and evaluate the complex hydrogeological situation of the study area. Visual MODFLOW code was selected to run the model scenarios. The aquifer hydraulic conductivity, storativity, recharge, and constant head boundary (CHB) were adjusted during calibration to obtain acceptable match between calculated and observed heads and fluxes. The calibration of three-dimensional finite difference flow model of Ennuhud sedimentary aquifer was realized through the calibration which is acceptable within the average Root Mean Square error (RMS) of 1.482m, Residual Mean of 0.526m, and standard error of estimate to be 0.22 where the contour maps of the simulated heads produced by visual MODFLOW show fair similarity with those drawn using initial heads which confirm acceptable model calibration. The calculated zone budget reflects that volume of aquifer storage for the three years varies from 3.57 to 8.3 million cubic meters (mcm). The annual average pumpage was estimated through the model run to be 6.73 mcm, whereas, the annual historical pumpage was 6.2 mcm. The annual recharge was estimated to be; 143.8, 579.9 and 867.5 mcm during the three successive years (2005-2007) respectively, whereas the annual average recharge was 530.4 mcm. The model assigns the regional groundwater flow direction towards the center where some water flow diverges to localized cones of depression ascribed to heavy pumping. The contour maps of the simulated heads show fair similarity with those generated from initial heads which confirm acceptable model calibration. The predictive simulation for 10 years starting from 2005 shows that the continued pumping will create relatively high changes in head distribution in the model area, and gives a maximum drawdown of 5m at 2015.
Geometrical modeling of near-net shape braided preforms

Circular braiding has been successfully adapted for producing near-net shape structures for advanced fiber-reinforced composites. Net-shape manufacturing is significantly important for fabricating complex three-dimensional (3D) preforms. Geometrical modeling of braid patterns on 3D preforms plays a key role in determining their mechanical behavior. In this research work, the geometrical models of strand trajectory on the surface of cylindrical and conical mandrels with diamond, regular and triaxial braid patterns have been developed. These geometrical models of strand profiles were then simulated using Virtual Reality Modeling Language. Subsequently, the strands on complex-shaped mandrels, including ‘bottle’ and ‘funnel’, were simulated and accordingly, the braid angles have been predicted and compared with the experimental results. A virtual experiment was also conducted to compare the trajectory of the strands having constant and varying braid angles on the surface of conical mandrels.
Well-Being and Family Role Strains Among Cuban American and Puerto Rican Mothers of Adults with Mental

Sandra Magaña, PhD, is Assistant Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Social Work and the Waisman Center on Mental Retardation and Human Development. Her research centers on Latino families who have a child or relative with a developmental disability or mental illness. Marsha Mailick Seltzer, PhD, is Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison with appointments at the School of Social Work and the Waisman Center on Mental Retardation and Human Development. Her research focuses on the well-being of caregiving families across the life course. Marty Wyngaarden Krauss, PhD, is Professor of Social Welfare and Associate Dean of the Heller School, Brandeis University. Her research investigates how families with young children and those who have reached adulthood adapt to the challenges of disability. Mark Rubert, PhD, is a faculty member in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Miami School of Medicine. His research examines aging and caregiving. José Szapocznik, PhD, is Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychology and Counseling Psychology at the University of Miami. Dr. Szapocznik is Director of the Center for Family Studies and the Spanish Family Guidance Center, at the University of Miami School of Medicine. His research has cut across a range of mental health issues for Hispanic and minority families including families and HIV, family therapy and family based prevention, families and substance abuse, and families and developmental disabilities.
Emotional suppression in chronic fatigue syndrome: Experimental study.

OBJECTIVE Emotional processing differences in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have been reported but have rarely been investigated experimentally. This study used self-report, observer ratings, and electrodermal responses to test hypotheses about emotion suppression and autonomic reactivity. METHODS Eighty adults with CFS and 80 healthy controls (HC) watched a distressing film clip. Half of each group were instructed to suppress their emotions and half were told to express their feelings as they wished. Their reactions were filmed and rated by independent observers. Electrodermal activity (skin conductance response) was used as a measure of sympathetic nervous system arousal. RESULTS CFS participants reported higher anxiety and sadness than the HC, both before and after the film. However, observers rated the CFS group as having lower emotional expression than HC in both emotional suppression and expression choice conditions. Beliefs about the unacceptability of negative emotions were associated with greater self-reported suppression. Electrodermal responses were greater in the CFS group than HC participants. Higher skin conductance responses were associated with larger posttask increases in fatigue in the CFS participants but not in the HC. CONCLUSIONS CFS participants had lower observer-rated emotional expression than HC, despite greater distress and higher autonomic arousal. This may have implications for their ability to access social support at times of stress. As the degree of autonomic arousal was associated with short-term increases in fatigue in the CFS participants, this requires further investigation as a contributory factor for this condition. (PsycINFO Database Record
Preparation and characterization of Al2O3/SiO2 composite nanofibers by using electrostatic spinning method

ABSTRACT Al2O3-SiO2 composite nanofibers were fabricated by calcining the precursor fibers obtained through sol–gel processing and electrospinning technique. Thermogravity-differential scanning calorimeter, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermal conductivity instrument were employed to characterize the fibers. Upon calcining the precursor fibers at 1300°C, continuous Al2O3-SiO2 composite nanofibers with diameter of about 300 nm can be obtained. The calcined fibers had low thermal conductivity, which might favor their application in high-temperature insulation areas.
A construction of a self-modifiying language with a formal correction proof

In this contribution, we present a small high level imperative programming language with its corresponding compiler. The key feature of the language is a self-modifying statement replace C by D which behaves abstractly as C; D but which rewrites its code once C is executed. We do that taking care of efficiency issues on the compiled code. In a second step, we give a proof in TLA+ that the compiled code behaves as specified/expected. The formal model includes potential self-modification of programs. One of the proofs extends an Hoare-style verification of a loop that copes with that feature. Such a compiler may find applications for intellectual property protection but also as a testbed for retro-engineering and binary program analysis tools.
Elastic Network Model of Polymer Nanocomposites

To advance current understanding of nanoscale structure design for maximum toughness in polymer composites, a computational mechanics model called elastic network model (ENM) is addressed. In this method the potential energy of a system is approximated as a harmonic function and then the generalized eigenvalue problem is solved resulting in eigenvalues and eigenvectors, which are related to the natural frequencies and directions of corresponding motions, respectively. Using ENM, the physics of the deformation and the fracture processes at crack tips can be investigated. The computational cost of this method is significantly lower (e.g., a few hours in a desktop PC) than that of conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations performed by the aid of a supercomputer. The simulation results of a 2-D planar crack-tip topology and 3-D elastic network models are presented in this paper.
Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Phenomena and the DSM-V Developmental Process

Several of this month's articles and interviews touch on themes that relate to spectrum phenomena as well as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders developmental process. First, Darrel A. Regier, MD, MPH, director of the Division of Research at American Psychiatric Association, discusses, in an interview with CNS Spectrums, the developmental process for DSM-V. He emphasizes the use of dimensional measures to determine both thresholds for disorders, and to assess response to treatments. He also highlights a focus on spectra of disorders that cut across traditional diagnostic boundaries as one way to deal with issues of comorbidity. Finally, he discusses new approaches to the five DSM axes, and the need to link together the DSM and International Classification of Diseases processes. Three other articles in this issue also clearly relate to these obsessive-compulsive spectra issues. For example, Leonardo F. Fontenelle, MD, PhD, describes how, although much attention has been paid to patients who lack insight into their obsessional beliefs, less importance has been given to individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who display perceptual disturbances typically found in psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, or mood disorders with psychotic features. The authors call attention to a phenomenon that has been neglected in the psychiatric literature (ie, the occurrence of hallucinations and related phenomena in patients with OCD). They describe five patients with OCD with hallucinations in several different sensory modalities, including the auditory, the visual, the tactile, the olfactory, and the cenesthetic modalities, and suggest that further psychopathological research should clarify the clinical significance of hallucinations among patients with OCD.
Processing of bulk Bi-2223 high-temperature superconductor

The Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3 O10+x (Bi-2223) is one of the main high temperature superconductors for applications. One of these applications is the Superconductor Fault Current Limiter (SCFCL), which is a very promising high temperature superconducting device. SCFCL's can be improved by using bulk superconductors with high critical currents, which requires a sufficiently dense and textured material. In the present work, a process for improving the microstructure of Bi-2223 bulk samples is investigated. Pressed precursor blocks are processed by sintering with a further partial melting step, in order to enhance the Bi-2223 grain texture and to healing cracks induced by pressing. In order to improve the microstructure, the precursor is mixed with silver powder before pressing. Samples with and without silver powder have been studied, with the aim of investigating the influence of silver on the microstructure evolution. The phase contents and the microstructure obtained have been analyzed through XRD and SEM/EDS. The electromagnetic characterization has been performed by Magnetic Susceptibility Analysis. We present and discuss the process and the properties of the superconducting blocks. High fractions of textured Bi-2223 grains have been obtained.