Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential regulation of Ly49 expression on CD4+ and CD4–CD8– (double negative) NK1.1+ T cells

The pan‐NK cell marker NK1.1, present in some mouse strains, is also found on a subset of TCRα β + lymphocytes termed NKT cells. These cells are primarily CD4+ or CD4–CD8– (double negative, DN), and both NKT subpopulations contain cells reactive with the MHC class I‐like molecule CD1d. Murine NK cells express clonally distributed inhibitory receptors of the Ly49 family that bind to different alleles of MHC class I molecules and transmit negative signals regulating NK cell function. Ly49 receptors are also found on TCRα β + NK1.1+ T cells. To investigate the potential role of inhibitory Ly49 markers in the regulation of NKT cells, we have done a thorough analysis of their expression on different NKT populations. The CD4+ and DN NK1.1+ T cell subsets have traditionally been dealt with as one NK1.1+ T cell population, but we found dramatic differences between these two NKT cell subsets. We demonstrate here expression of Ly49 receptors on DN, but not on CD4+, NK1.1+ T cells in spleen and liver. Absence of the specific MHC class I ligand in the host was associated with elevated levels of expression and, to a greater extent than has been found for NK cells, increased the frequencies of Ly49‐positive cells within the DN subset, while CD4+ NK1.1+ cells remained negative. In the thymus and bone marrow both NK1.1+ T cell subsets contained high frequencies of Ly49‐positive cells. Results from in vitro stimulation of DN NKT cells further suggest that activation and expansion of NKT cell subsets are regulated by the Ly49 receptors.
Divided Identity: Part-Time Faculty in Public Colleges and Universities

This article addresses the identity claims of part-time faculty at three types of higher education institutions. Using culture theory and professional identity theory, the article documents that part-time faculty members across institutions have a divided sense of identity. On the one hand, they perceive themselves as professionals based on their position in the classroom and their commitment to teaching. On the other hand, part-timers reflected the ambiguity of their professional status in the social and cultural context of their departments and institutions. The dynamics of either positive or negative self-perceptions as professionals were based on their personal stories, career stage, and career goals.
Analysis and Measurements of Artificial Optical Radiation (AOR) Emitted by Lighting Sources Found in Offices

In this paper the authors describe in detail the exposure limit values concerning artificial optical radiation due to the main incoherent light sources found in offices. In particular, for some examples of significant sources chosen as case studies, we discuss the results of in situ measurements of the exposure values using a broadband photoradiometer. By comparing the measurement results with the exposure limit values specified in the European legislation, the maximum exposure times for workers have been evaluated. From the analysis of the results it can be concluded that the lighting sources typically present in indoor workplaces under usual conditions of use, do not pose a health risks for workers. However, in the case of accidental exposure during work activities or exposure linked to maintenance activities (short exposure distance), values in excess of the limit values have been observed, with decidedly short maximum exposure times.
Collision risk prediction and warning at road intersections using an object oriented Bayesian network

This paper describes a novel approach to situation analysis at intersections using object-oriented Bayesian networks. The Bayesian network infers the collision probability for all vehicles approaching the intersection, while taking into account traffic rules, the digital street map, and the sensors' uncertainties. The environment perception is fused from communicated data, vehicles local perception and self-localization. Thus, a cooperatively validated set of data is obtained to characterize all objects involved in a situation (resolving occlusions). The system is tested with data, acquired by vehicles with heterogenic equipment (without/with perception). In a first step the probabilistic mapping of a vehicle onto a fixed set of traffic lanes and forward motion predictions is introduced. Second, criticality measures are evaluated for these motion predictions to infer the collision probability. In our test vehicle this probability is then used to warn the driver of a possible hazardous situation. It serves as a likelihood alarm parameter for deciding the intensity of HMI acoustic signals to direct the driver's attention. First results in various simulated and live real-time scenarios show, that a collision can be predicted up to two seconds before a possible impact by applying the developed Bayesian network. The extension of this network to further situation features is the content of ongoing research.
Alignment and testing of the NIST calculable capacitor

This paper reports progress on the NIST effort to develop a new calculable capacitor, focusing on improvement of the guard electrode motion control as well as issues associated with the overall electrode alignment. Design of a multi-wavelength Fabry-Perot interferometer which may facilitate testing the calculable capacitor in air is also discussed.
Energy Management Strategies for Optimization of Energy Storage in Wind Power Hybrid System

Wind energy has become the most promising alternate energy source and has reached high levels of penetration in many networks worldwide. Energy storage can provide additional beneficial features to wind and aid in its further growth. However, this comes at a cost and therefore the goal is to minimize the size of the storage device while at the same time taking advantage of its promising features. This paper proposes an energy management system based upon fuzzy logic in order to optimize the use of the storage. This strategy was illustrated for a system interfaced with the electric grid using a voltage source converter. System studies were performed to demonstrate the advantages of this strategy and future developments are considered
MAP kinase inactivation is required only for G2-M phase transition in early embryogenesis cell cycles of the starfishes Marthasterias glacialis and Astropecten aranciacus.

Downregulation of MAP kinase is a universal consequence of fertilization in the animal kingdom. Here we show that oocytes of the starfishes Astropecten aranciacus and Marthasterias glacialis complete meiotic maturation and form a pronucleus when treated with 1-methyladenine and then complete DNA replication and arrest at G2 if not fertilized. Release of G2 by fertilization or a variety of parthenogenetic treatments is associated with inactivation of MAP kinase. Prevention of MAP kinase inactivation by microinjection of Ste11-DeltaN, a constitutively active budding yeast MAP kinase kinase kinase, arrests fertilized eggs at G2 in either the first or the second mitotic cell cycle, in a dose-dependent manner. G1 arrest is never observed. Conversely, inactivation of MAP kinase by microinjection of the MAP kinase-specific phosphatase Pyst-1 releases mature starfish oocytes from G2 arrest. The role of MAP kinase in arresting cell cycle at various stages in oocytes of different animal species is discussed.
What determines expatriates’ performance while abroad? The role of job embeddedness

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine job embeddedness as antecedent of job performance and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) of expatriates. Design/methodology/approach - – In total, 194 expatriates from 39 nationalities were recruited through various expatriate organizations, which provided expatriate groups they had access to with a link to the online survey in English. To test the hypotheses, the author used bivariate analyses and multivariate regressions were calculated to control for alternative explanations. Findings - – As hypothesized, community embeddedness was positively related to job performance and both organizational embeddedness and community embeddedness were positively related to OCBs. Moreover, community embeddedness and organizational embeddedness showed to be positively related. In addition, organizational embeddedness partially mediated the positive relationship between community embeddedness and job performance for organizational expatriates (moderated mediation) as well as the positive relationship between community embeddedness and OCBs. Originality/value - – This is one of the first study to address the differential effects of organizational and community embeddedness on job performance in an expatriation context.
Analysis and Design of No-Reference Image Quality Assessment

No-reference (NR) image quality assessment (IQA) seeks to assign quality scores that are consistent with human perception but without an explicit comparison with the reference image. Unfortunately, the field of NR IQA has been largely unexplored. The basic problems in NR IQA are discussed in this paper. And several methods used in NR IQA are explained and analyzed. Finally, an overall NR IQA method is designed. It should be a synthetical index, which applying fuzzy measures and fuzzy integrals, incorporating human vision system (HVS) characteristics and adhering to the philosophy of quantifying quality through blind distortion measurement.
Differential impacts of information technology on cost and revenue driver relationships in banking

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to utilize a cost and revenue driver model for commercial banking to examine the differential effects of the drivers within and between banking functions, and to examine the role of information technology (IT) in moderating the relationship between costs and cost drivers and revenue and revenue drivers.Design/methodology/approach – The model is estimated on a cross‐sectional sample of 121 banks from the functional cost and profit analysis data set collected by the Federal Reserve Banks. Multivariate regression analysis with interaction terms is utilized to examine the differential impact of IT in two contrasting banking functions.Findings – The results document the role of transactional IT on the cost driver relationships in the labor cost models in both the demand deposit and commercial loan functions. The role of strategic IT in the revenue driver models is documented for the demand deposit function but not for the commercial loan function.Research limitations/impl.
Male Adolescents and Contemporary Pornography

Since the advent of the Internet, the pornography business has expanded to reach audiences that historically lacked access to sexually explicit media. Simultaneously, Internet-based pornographic media has grown in intensity and explicitness that surpasses any of the previous and more traditional forms of eroticism (e.g., books, magazines, and mainstream movies). While pornography is legally produced exclusively for adult consumption, it is widely used by adolescents, with males generally regarded as the primary consumers. Coupled with the reported negative consequences of male adolescents’ use of pornography is the lack of understanding of the content of contemporary pornography among most family counselors. This article reviews implications of counseling families with adolescents impacted by pornography use.
Characterising neutrality in neural network error landscapes

The characterisation of topographical features of fitness landscapes can provide significant insight into the nature of underlying optimisation problems and the behaviour of metaheuristic search algorithms. Neutrality as a landscape feature is often overlooked in continuous problems, but researchers have theorised that the presence of neutral regions on neural network error surfaces may be an impediment to current population-based search algorithms for training neural networks. An empirical approach to measuring the amount of neutrality would provide a stepping stone for future studies on the effects of neutrality. To date, there is no offline technique to achieve this in continuous domains. This paper proposes two normalised measures of neutrality based on a progressive random walk algorithm. Measurements are shown to agree with visual analysis of two-dimensional benchmark problems, and are shown to scale well to higher dimensions. The measures are ultimately applied to neural network classification problems where saturation-induced neutrality is confirmed.
ComTrack: Implementation of innovative computer lab management tool for academic institutions

This paper presents an innovative computer lab management tools to improvise traditional computer lab management. This is due to a few issues such as security, operation management and managerial decision support have to be faced by most of the computer lab management. The factors such as lack of access control and inadequate security have caused a significant direct loss. Therefore, this research prompted to develop a Window-based computer monitoring system, ComTrack, that can force user to login with the registered user id such as student id or staff number before they can use the computer. These interactive systems also have a capability to trigger the lab owner when there is any issue reported by users. Thus, it is essential for laboratory management to have absolute user login, logout and the issue reported details for each of the computer they are handled. The design and implementation of this application is discussed in this paper.
Segmentation based on shape prior and graph model optimization

A scheme of segmentation based on low-level and high-level cues is presented. Firstly, image-pyramid is obtained based on segmentation by Weighted Aggregation (SWA), the suitable coarse pixel image is selected to be as low-level segmentation cues. Kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is used for building the space of shape to represent shape prior knowledge. The coarse pixel image is expressed through a graph model, based on high and low level cues, genetic algorithm (GA) is used to find out the optimal sub-graph to segment object precisely. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach is able to accurately segment the objects with better performance than the existing methods.
Pay-As-You-Go: Low-overhead hard-error correction for phase change memories

Phase Change Memory (PCM) suffers from the problem of limited write endurance. This problem is exacerbated because of the high variability in lifetime across PCM cells, resulting in weaker cells failing much earlier than nominal cells. Ensuring long lifetimes under high variability requires that the design can correct a large number of errors for any given memory line. Unfortunately, supporting high levels of error correction for all lines incurs significantly high overhead, often exceeding 10% of overall memory capacity. Such an overhead may be too high for wide-scale adoption of PCM, given that memory market is typically very cost-sensitive. This paper reduces the storage required for error correction by making the key observation that only a few lines require high levels of hard-error correction. Therefore, prior approaches that uniformly allocated large number of error correction entries for all lines are inefficient, as most (> 90%) of these entries remain unused. We propose Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG), an efficient hard-error resilient architecture that allocates error correction entries in proportion to the number of hard-faults in the line. We describe a storage-efficient and low-latency organization for PAYG. Compared to the previously proposed ECP-6 technique, PAYG requires 3X lower storage overhead and yet provides 13% more lifetime, while incurring a latency overhead of < 0.4% for the first five years of system lifetime. We also show that PAYG is more effective than the recent FREE-p proposal.
The naso‐temporal division of the monkey's retina

By sectioning one optic tract in each of four monkeys, and studying the distribution within each pair of retinas of the ganglion cells which remained after the affected ganglion cells had undergone retrograde degeneration, a description was obtained of the areas of a retina from which ganglion cells project to the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the brain. Confirming previous work, ganglion cells in temporal retina were observed to project to the ipsilateral side, and cells in nasal retina to the contralateral side. It was noted, however, that ipsi‐ and contralaterally projecting areas of retina overlap along a vertically‐oriented median strip, which is about 1° wide, and is centred on the fovea. Within this strip ipsi‐ and contralaterally projecting cells intermingle. Some functional implications of this result are discussed.
The Graduate School Application Process

One hundred and thirty-four undergraduate psychology majors completed a survey assessing their evaluative ratings of importance of factors related to the graduate school application process. Results revealed that students rated issues with research experience, letters of recommendation, and GPA as strongly important. These results support efforts to enhance the preparation of undergraduate psychology students who aspire to attend graduate school.
Gaussian Multiple Access via Compute-and-Forward

Lattice codes used under the compute-and-forward paradigm suggest an alternative strategy for the standard Gaussian multiple-access channel (MAC): the receiver successively decodes the integer linear combinations of the messages until it can invert and recover all messages. In this paper, a multiple-access technique called compute-forward multiple access (CFMA) is proposed and analyzed. For the two-user MAC, it is shown that without time-sharing, the entire capacity region can be attained using CFMA with a single-user decoder as soon as the signal-to-noise ratios are above $1+\sqrt {2}$ . A partial analysis is given for more than two users. Finally, the strategy is extended to the so-called dirty MAC, where two interfering signals are known non-causally to the two transmitters in a distributed fashion. Our scheme extends the previously known results and gives new achievable rate regions.
Risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck or shoulder alone or neck and shoulder among hospital nurses

Objectives To investigate the relationship between sociodemographic, individual and work place factors, and neck pain alone, shoulder pain alone, and neck and shoulder pain among nurses working across three public hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. Methods Information on participant demographics, somatisation tendency, health beliefs, mental and physical health status, workplace physical and psychosocial factors, and musculoskeletal symptoms and pain at several body sites was collected. Results 1111 participants (response rate 38.6%) were included in the study: 17.2% reported neck pain alone, 11.6% shoulder pain alone and 15.8% both neck and shoulder pain in the past month. Self-reported neck and shoulder pain were independently associated with poorer mental (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.98) and physical (0.92, 0.90 to 0.95) health and well-being, somatisation (1.77, 1.03 to 3.04) and negative work-causation beliefs (2.51, 1.57 to 3.99). Neck pain alone was more consistently associated with sociodemographic factors, mental (0.97, 0.96 to 0.99) and physical (0.97, 0.94 to 0.99) health and well-being, and shoulder pain alone was associated with physical health and well-being (0.95, 0.92 to 0.98) and fear-avoidance beliefs (0.45, 0.24 to 0.86). Conclusion Risk factors for self-reported pain between regions of the neck and shoulder alone, and neck and shoulder differed. While neck and shoulder pain was consistently associated with several risk factors, neck and shoulder pain in isolation were both associated with physical health and well-being and individually associated with sociodemographic and health beliefs, respectively. These findings suggest that different factors may be associated with a single pain region versus pain in two regions.
Trial-by-Trial Changes in a Priori Informational Value of External Cues and Subjective Expectancies in Human Auditory Attention

Background Preparatory activity based on a priori probabilities generated in previous trials and subjective expectancies would produce an attentional bias. However, preparation can be correct (valid) or incorrect (invalid) depending on the actual target stimulus. The alternation effect refers to the subjective expectancy that a target will not be repeated in the same position, causing RTs to increase if the target location is repeated. The present experiment, using the Posner's central cue paradigm, tries to demonstrate that not only the credibility of the cue, but also the expectancy about the next position of the target are changedin a trial by trial basis. Sequences of trials were analyzed. Results The results indicated an increase in RT benefits when sequences of two and three valid trials occurred. The analysis of errors indicated an increase in anticipatory behavior which grows as the number of valid trials is increased. On the other hand, there was also an RT benefit when a trial was preceded by trials in which the position of the target changed with respect to the current trial (alternation effect). Sequences of two alternations or two repetitions were faster than sequences of trials in which a pattern of repetition or alternation is broken. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that in Posner's central cue paradigm, and with regard to the anticipatory activity, the credibility of the external cue and of the endogenously anticipated patterns of target location are constantly updated. The results suggest that Bayesian rules are operating in the generation of anticipatory activity as a function of the previous trial's outcome, but also on biases or prior beliefs like the “gambler fallacy”.
COMPUTER PROGRAMS: onesamp: a program to estimate effective population size using approximate Bayesian computation

The estimation of effective population size from one sample of genotypes has been problematic because most estimators have been proven imprecise or biased. We developed a web‐based program, onesamp that uses approximate Bayesian computation to estimate effective population size from a sample of microsatellite genotypes. onesamp requires an input file of sampled individuals’ microsatellite genotypes along with information about several sampling and biological parameters. onesamp provides an estimate of effective population size, along with 95% credible limits. We illustrate the use of onesamp with an example data set from a re‐introduced population of ibex Capra ibex.
Antifungal Potential of Papaya Lipoxygenase Metabolites against Phytophthora palmivora

Partially purified lipoxygenas e (LOX) protein from papaya seedlings was incubated with linoleic acid and ααααα -linolenic acid and the resulting hydroperoxides were monitored by high performance liquid chromatography. Invitro characterization of the LOX enzyme activity showed that it possesses both 9-and 13-LOX specificity, with a predominance for the 13-LOX function. The relative ratio of 13-hydroperoxy fatty acids to 9-hydroperoxy fatty acids was found to be 8:2. The hydroperoxy fatty acids were screened for their antifungal activity against phytophthora palmivora , the causative agent of phytophthora blight in papaya. The 13-hydroperoxides showed pronounced antifungal activity by inhibiting both the germination of sporangia as well as the growth of the mycelium.