Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning urban energy governance for system innovation: an assessment of transformative capacity development in three South Korean cities

ABSTRACT This paper explores the preconditions and social learning processes that allow urban climate governance innovations and the solutions they engender to be transformative. It does so by assessing the capacity available to prepare for, initiate and steer a path-deviant sustainability transformation of the urban energy systems in three cities in South Korea – a country facing major challenges in this regard due to a heavy dependence on imported fossil energy resources and centralized institutions. The findings illustrate how synergies between local leadership, empowered communities of practice and trusted intermediation stand out as key drivers for learning transformative governance, in particular if linked to open experimentation, while also shaping the role of international exchange in this. In turn, national policy tends to constrain transformative capacity development and favor incremental modifications. Across all cities studied, major gaps still remain in terms of developing social learning processes that involve systems thinking, sustainability foresight, as well as suitable approaches for embedding more radical innovations. In conclusion, transformative capacity provides a useful lens to understand the potentials and limits of emerging urban governance innovations for unlearning dominant paradigms, and for triggering systemic change that enables more sustainable urban futures.
Practice of Epidemiology Time-modiﬁed Confounding

According to the authors, time-modiﬁed confounding occurs when the causal relation between a time-ﬁxed or time-varying confounder and the treatment or outcome changes over time. A key difference between previously described time-varying confounding and the proposed time-modiﬁed confounding is that, in the former, the values of the confounding variable change over time while, in the latter, the effects of the confounder change over time. Using marginal structural models, the authors propose an approach to account for time-modiﬁed confounding when the relation between the confounder and treatment is modiﬁed over time. An illustrative example and simulation show that, when time-modiﬁed confounding is present, a marginal structural model with inverse probability-of-treatment weights speciﬁed to account for time-modiﬁed confounding remains approximately unbiased with ap-propriate conﬁdence limit coverage, while models that do not account for time-modiﬁed confounding are biased. Correct speciﬁcation of the treatment model, including accounting for potential variation over time in confounding, is an important assumption of marginal structural models. When the effect of confounders on either the treatment or outcome changes over time, time-modiﬁed confounding should be considered.
Return Migrants’ Self-Selection: Evidence for Indian Inventor

Based on an original dataset linking patent data and biographical information for a large sample of US immigrant inventors with Indian names and surnames, specialized in ICT technologies, we investigate the rate and determinants of return migration. For each individual in the dataset, we both estimate the year of entry in the United States, the likely entry channel (work or education), and the permanence spell up to either the return to India or right truncation. By means of survival analysis, we then provide exploratory estimates of the probability of return migration as a function of the conditions at migration (age, education, patenting record, migration motives, and migration cohort) as well as of some activities undertaken while abroad (education and patenting). We find both evidence of negative self-selection with respect to educational achievements in the US and of positive self-selection with respect to patenting propensity. Based on the analysis of time-dependence of the return hazard ratios, return work migrants appear to be negatively self-selected with respect to unobservable skills acquired abroad, while evidence for education migrants is less conclusive.
Applications of Electroencephalography to Characterize Brain Activity: Perspectives in Stroke

A wide array of neuroimaging technologies are now available that offer unprecedented opportunities to study the brain in health and disease. Each technology has associated strengths and weaknesses that need to be considered to maximize their utility, especially when used in combination. One imaging technology, electroencephalography (EEG), has been in use for more than 80 years, but as a result of recent technologic advancements EEG has received renewed interest as an inexpensive, noninvasive and versatile technique to evaluate neural activity in the brain. In part, this is due to new opportunities to combine EEG not only with other imaging modalities, but also with neurostimulation and robotics technologies. When used in combination, noninvasive brain stimulation and EEG can be used to study cause-and-effect relationships between interconnected brain regions providing new avenues to study brain function. Although many of these approaches are still in the developmental phase, there is substantial promise in their ability to deepen our understanding of brain function. The ability to capture the causal relationships between brain function and behavior in individuals with neurologic disorders or injury has important clinical implications for the development of novel biomarkers of recovery and response to therapeutic interventions. The goals of this paper are to provide an overview of the fundamental principles of EEG; discuss past, present, and future applications of EEG in the clinical management of stroke; and introduce the technique of combining EEG with a form of noninvasive brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, as a powerful synergistic research paradigm to characterize brain function in both health and disease. Video Abstract available (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A87) for more insights from the authors.
Effectiveness of second line salvage chemotherapy with ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide in patients with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not responding to cis-platinum, cytosine arabinoside, and dexamethasone

DHAP (dexamethasone, cytosine arabinoside and cis-platinum) is a commonly used regimen for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The optimal treatment for patients who do not respond to DHAP, but are still potential candidates for autologous stem cell transplantation, is unclear. One option is to proceed with an alternative chemotherapy regimen such as ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE). The overall response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS) associated with this chemotherapy sequence is unknown. Patients with DLBCL receiving DHAP as the first salvage therapy without response followed by ICE as second salvage were studied to learn the ORR to ICE and OS. The ORR to ICE in these DHAP-failures was 52% (11/21) with 14% (3/21) complete responses and 38% (8/21) partial responses. Nine patients (43%) were able to proceed to transplant and 29% (6/21) are long-term survivors. In patients with stable disease after DHAP the ORR was 67% (8/12) with 42% (5/12) becoming long-term survivors. In contrast, only 33% (3/9) of patients who had progressive disease on DHAP responded to ICE with only one patient achieving a durable response. Patients with stable disease after DHAP can be salvaged with ICE-based chemotherapy regimens whereas patients who progress on DHAP have a poor outcome. Patients with progressive disease on DHAP should be considered for alternative salvage regimens or experimental therapy.
Global Markets and the Role of Geographical Proximity in Mexico's Employment Growth

In the context of greater economic integration with global markets and structural economic reforms, this paper analyses regional and sectoral employment growth dynamics in Mexican states between 2004 and 2014. The methodology is based on spatial shift‐share analysis that explicitly considers interregional interactions in employment while assessing potential spillover effects arising from spatial interactions among states and industrial sectors. The results suggest a competitive effect from some industries—such as those related to science and specialized suppliers, intensive scale industries and dominated providers—which led to the formation of industrial corridors of neighboring states that connect the central region with the northeast region of the country. It was also found that proximity to states such as Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosi, and Puebla has positively influenced neighboring states in terms of employment growth rates. The results also support the argument of some sort of de‐concentration of economic activity in the capital, Mexico City, toward neighboring states.
Stock market and macroeconomic policies: The case of Mongolia

Mongolian stock market is underdeveloped compared with its banking credit market, due to a lot of impediment factors to prevent its development. This means Mongolian economy still has much room where its stock market development promotes the long-term financing and investment into non-mining sectors for sustainable economic growth. This paper aims to provide the evidence on the relationship between stock market and macroeconomic policies in Mongolia under the hypothesis that the recent biases of fiscal and monetary policies would distort her stock-price formation. The empirical analysis in this study found that the cumulative public debt and too high policy rate have stagnated the stock prices, through identifying the negative impulse responses of stock prices to the shocks of policy rate and government securities under a vector-autoregressive model estimation. The strategic policy implication for normalizing the stock prices could be the significance in ensuring budget consolidation and in addressing a fear of floating in monetary policy management in Mongolia.
Sorafenib inhibits neuroblastoma cell proliferation and signaling, blocks angiogenesis, and impairs tumor growth

More effective therapy for children with high‐risk neuroblastoma is desperately needed. Preclinical studies have shown that neuroblastoma tumor growth can be inhibited by agents that block angiogenesis. We hypothesized that drugs which target both neuroblastoma cells and tumor angiogenesis would have potent anti‐tumor activity. In this study we tested the effects of sorafenib, a multi‐kinase inhibitor, on neuroblastoma cell proliferation and signaling, and in mice with subcutaneous human neuroblastoma xenografts or orthotopic adrenal tumors.
Urban reuse of public spaces in ‘central suburbs’. Two districts between two rivers in the city of Cosenza (Italy)

ABSTRACT The article describes the results of a research on the theme of regeneration of urban public spaces in historical centres. A multidisciplinary methodological approach of cooperation of various knowledge was adopted to define, also through the application of open and inclusive participatory approaches, precise intervention actions. The research uses two areas on the edge of the historical city of Cosenza (Italy) as a case study. The research, therefore, has achieved, among its main results, that of reinforcing the awareness that an urban context unable to maintain relationships loses its meaning and becomes but a museum of itself.
Some morphological aspects of the synaptonemal complex in higher plants.

The synaptonemal complex is illustrated in electron micrographs from pollen mother cells (p.m.cs) of the following plants: Fritillaria lanceolata, Allium fistulosum, Tulbaghia violacea, Luzula purpurea, Phaedranassa viridiflora and the tulip cultivar Keiserkroon. The possibility that the lateral elements in synaptonemal complexes of plants are tubiform structures is discussed in relation to their fine structure and in the light of a deformity seen in them. An assessment of the evidence suggesting that both lateral and central elements in the complex are ribonucleoprotein structures is made. The effect of brief water treatment on the chromatin and synaptonemal complex at zygotene in p.m. cs of the Phaedranassa is discussed, particularly with reference to two precisely oriented axial strands then seen running between the lateral elements. Examination of stages of premeiotic interphase and early leptotene in p.m. cs of the Fritillaria, revealed that the axial cores laid down at leptotene are formed first in heterochromatic regions, which in this species are locked in chromocentres that persist until pachytene. Further, at leptotene the chromatin in these parts was singularly more decondensed (diffuse) than at any other period, including the premeiotic interphase, subsequent stages of meiosis and mitotic cycle in meristems. It is suggested that the diffuse state of the chromatin in chromocentres at the onset of leptotene, allows the necessary freedom of movement required to promote homologous pairing of the heterochromatic segments. Evidence of such a movement was indicated by a change in position of the nucleoli, which moved from a more central position at early premeiotic interphase to a peripheral one at the onset of leptotene, when they are seen adpressed to the nuclear envelope.
Copper toxicosis in lambs fed milk replacer.

Thirty-four hysterectomy derived, crossbred lambs were fed a commercial, lamb milk replacer, containing added copper from birth. Twenty-five lambs died, four were killed and five survived. At necropsy, generalized icterus, enlarged kidneys and enlarged or small livers were found.CLINICAL PATHOLOGY FINDINGS INCLUDED: responsive hemolytic anemia and occasional spherocytosis, hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria and urinary casts, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, a liver copper content range of 38-584 ppm; a kidney copper content 6-86 ppm, and serum aspartate amino-transferase level range of 150-302 I.U. /L. Histopathologically there was either periacinar hepatic necrosis or widespread portal fibrosis and nephrosis.The role of age and stress in the development of toxicosis is discussed.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Cloning Vectors for Antiretroviral Resistance Testing

ABSTRACT Better detection of minority human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) populations containing gene mutations may improve the usefulness of antiretroviral resistance testing for clinical management. Molecular cloning of HIV-1 PCR products which might improve minority detection can be slow and difficult, and commercially available recombinant virus assays test drug susceptibility of virus pools. We describe novel plasmids and simple methods for rapid cloning of HIV-1 PCR products from patient specimens and their application to generate infectious recombinant virus clones for virus phenotyping and genotyping. Eight plasmids with differing deletions of sequences encoding HIV-1 protease, reverse transcriptase, or Gag p7/p1 and Gag p1/p6 cleavage sites were constructed for cloning HIV-1 PCR products. A simple HIV-1 sequence-specific uracil deglycosylase-mediated cloning method with the vectors and primers designed here was more rapid than standard ligase-mediated cloning. Pooled and molecularly cloned infectious recombinant viruses were generated with these vectors. Replicative viral fitness and drug susceptibility phenotypes of cloned infectious viruses containing patient specimen-derived sequences were measured. Clonal resistance genotyping analyses were also performed from virus isolates, plasma HIV-1 RNA, and infected cell DNA. Sequencing of a limited number of molecular clones detected minorities of resistant virus not identified in the pooled population PCR product sequence and linkage of minority mutations.
A study of the work experience commitments and academic achievements of high school students

This research outlines a study of the relationship between the part-time work experience commitments and academic achievements of high school students in Alberta's Parkland School Division. Significant research conducted over the past two decades disagrees whether part-time work has adverse effects on student achievement. Economic conditions in Canada have tempted high school students to be employed in various labor roles based on a number of factors. Specifically, this study examines the relationship between the work experience hours and academic achievements of Parkland School Division's secondary school students. The author hypothesizes that when hours of work increase, student achievement decreases. An analysis ofthe 20092010 high school data of work experience hours submitted for high school credits toward attaining a diploma will be compared to student achievement in the School Division's high school, Spruce Grove Composite High. A quantitative investigation by means of a multi-variable regression analysis for each grade level, namely Grade 12, Grade 11, and Grade 10, exhibited no significant correlations among the dependent variables (English, Social Studies, and Mathematics marks) and the independent variable, Work Experience Hours. The results of the research analysis did not support the author's hypotheses that this relationship would be significantly negative and that it would increase in relation to the number of hours worked. The information acquired will be reported to assist Parkland School Division and other school jurisdictions to improve educational programming for secondary students.
Differences in dinucleotide frequencies of thermophilic genes encoding water soluble and membrane proteins

The occurrence frequencies of the dinucleotides of genes of three thermophilic and three mesophilic species from both archaea and eubacteria were investigated in this study. The genes encoding water soluble proteins were rich in the dinucleotides of purine dimers, whereas the genes encoding membrane proteins were rich in pyrimidine dimers. The dinucleotides of purine dimers are the counterparts of pyrimidine dimers in a double-stranded DNA. The purine/pyrimidine dimers were favored in the thermophiles but not in the mesophiles, based on comparisons of observed and expected frequencies. This finding is in agreement with our previous study which showed that purine/pyrimidine dimers are positive factors that increase the thermal stability of DNA. The dinucleotides AA, AG, and GA are components of the codons of charged residues of Glu, Asp, Lys, and Arg, and the dinucleotides TT, CT, and TC are components of the codons of hydrophobic residues of Leu, Ile, and Phe. This is consistent with the suitabilities of the different amino acid residues for water soluble and membrane proteins. Our analysis provides a picture of how thermophilic species produce water soluble and membrane proteins with distinctive characters: the genes encoding water soluble proteins use DNA sequences rich in purine dimers, and the genes encoding membrane proteins use DNA sequences rich in pyrimidine dimers on the opposite strand.
Cloning of the latency gene and the early protein 0 gene of pseudorabies virus

A collection of overlapping cDNA clones encoding the latency transcript of pseudorabies virus and the DNA nucleotide sequence of the latency gene has been obtained. The transcript is spliced with 4.6 kb of intervening sequences. This mRNA, designated the large latency transcript, is 8.5 kb. It is polyadenylated and contains a large open reading frame capable of coding for a 200-kDa polypeptide. The direction of transcription is antiparallel to that of the immediate-early gene IE180 and a newly identified early gene, EP0. The latency transcript overlaps the entire IE180 gene and most of the EP0 gene. The EP0 mRNA is 1.75 kb and polyadenylated. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed the presence of cysteine-rich zinc finger domain similar to that of the immediate-early gene ICP0 of herpes simplex virus type 1 and the gene 61 polypeptide of varicella-zoster virus. On the basis of the biological functions, conserved protein domains, and unique spatial arrangements of the homologous polypeptides (IE180 versus ICP4 and EP0 versus ICP0) between pseudorabies virus and herpes simplex virus type 1, it is predicted that a homologous protein domain is also encoded by the 8.5-kb large latency transcripts of these two viruses.
Student Engagement: The Role of Teaching Within an Ecological Model of Adolescent Development

77 Introduction . 78 School-Based Measures of Engagement . 79 Developments in the Understanding of Engagement . 81 Antecedents of Engagement. 83 The Current Review . 87 Method . 88 Literature Search . 88 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria . 89 Calculation of Effect Sizes and Treatment of Analyses . 91
Human action recognition method based on hierarchical framework via Kinect skeleton data

Human action recognition is a hot issue in the field of machine vision. It plays a pivotal role in human-centered computing. There are challenges mainly from the complexity of human actions and and high-noise data. Here we need to solve problems such as high intra-class variance with low inter-class variance, variable movement speed, and high computational costs. Based on the above points, we use a thought of hierarchy to design a multi-level hierarchical recognition model. Owing to the expression of the systemic actions and the local actions are different, so different features are used at different levels. The method of hierarchical classification use proper classification algorithm in different levels, to subdivide category layer by layer, until it cannot be subdivided. In this paper, we use a two-level hierarchical framework based on the MSRAction3D dataset using skeleton data which captured via Kinect sensor. At the first level, we use Support Vector Machine to classify all categories into seven categories. At the second level, we use the Hidden Markov Model to reclassify seven categories. Experimental results show that our method is superior to other state-of-the-art methods, achieving 91.41% average recognition rate. The idea of stratification is applied to human action recognition to embody the inherent level relationship of human movement.
Self-Commissioning of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives at Standstill Considering Inverter Nonlinearities

Offline parameter identification of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is essential for proper tuning of the controller and position observer for general-purpose drives with sensorless control. This paper proposes a self-commissioning method of electrical machine parameters at standstill only using a voltage source inverter fed drive. The influence of inverter nonlinearities including the effect of parasitic capacitance, which may cause estimation error, is analyzed. And an error model of inductance identification considering different rotor positions is established. Along with high-frequency sinusoidal signal, a supplementary direct current signal is injected into the estimated direct-axis to attenuate the inductance identification error. In addition, a compensation strategy based on the error model is adopted to enhance the accuracy of inductance identification. For stator resistance identification, the linear regression method is adopted to overcome the influence of inverter nonlinearities by injecting the linearly increasing current signal. The proposed method is promising and robust to extract the resistance information from the gradient coefficient of the voltage variation. The effectiveness of the proposed self-commissioning scheme is validated on a 22-kW PMSM drive.