Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain.

BACKGROUND Exercise therapy is widely used as an intervention in low-back pain. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise therapy in adult non-specific acute, subacute and chronic low-back pain versus no treatment and other conservative treatments. SEARCH STRATEGY The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 3, 2004), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo, CINAHL databases to October 2004; citation searches and bibliographic reviews of previous systematic reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials evaluating exercise therapy for adult non-specific low-back pain and measuring pain, function, return-to-work/absenteeism, and/or global improvement outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data on study characteristics, quality, and outcomes at short, intermediate, and long-term follow-up. MAIN RESULTS Sixty-one randomized controlled trials (6390 participants) met inclusion criteria: acute (11), subacute (6) and chronic (43) low-back pain (1 unclear). Evidence was found of effectiveness in chronic populations relative to comparisons at all follow-up periods; pooled mean improvement was 7.3 points (95% CI, 3.7 to 10.9) for pain (out of 100), 2.5 points (1.0 to 3.9) for function (out of 100) at earliest follow-up. In studies investigating patients (i.e. presenting to healthcare providers) mean improvement was 13.3 points (5.5 to 21.1) for pain, 6.9 (2.2 to 11.7) for function, representing significantly greater improvement over studies where participants included those recruited from a general population (e.g. with advertisements). There is some evidence of effectiveness of graded-activity exercise program in subacute low-back pain in occupational settings, though the evidence for other types of exercise therapy in other populations is inconsistent. There was evidence of equal effectiveness relative to comparisons in acute populations [pain: 0.03 points (95% CI, -1.3 to 1.4)]. LIMITATIONS This review largely reflects limitations of the literature, including low quality studies with heterogeneous outcome measures, inconsistent and poor reporting, and possibility of publication bias. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Exercise therapy appears to be slightly effective at decreasing pain and improving function in adults with chronic low-back pain, particularly in healthcare populations. In subacute low-back pain there is some evidence that a graded activity program improves absenteeism outcomes, though evidence for other types of exercise is unclear. In acute low-back pain, exercise therapy is as effective as either no treatment or other conservative treatments.
Influences of Animal Activity on Treeline Position and Pattern: Implications for Treeline Responses to Climate Change

The alpine treeline is a potentially sensitive indicator of vegetation response to climate change. However, there is not a generally accepted single hypothesis that explains treeline position and pattern at multiple scales. Recently a set of five hypotheses has been proposed for treeline explanations (Körner, 2003b). The impacts of animals are not explicitly included in any of these hypotheses, however, they can and should be included. In this review we discuss Körner's five hypotheses and explain how animal activity can be included within them to make them more applicable to treeline environments experiencing a changing climate. We utilize the conceptual model proposed by Cairns and Moen (2004) as an organizing framework for the inclusion of animal activity with existing hypotheses. Finally we suggest that the equivocal nature of treeline response to climate change may be in part related to animal activity.
A Quantitative Analysis of the Gnutella Network Trac

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) le-sharing systems such as Gnutella, Morpheus and Freenet have recently attracted a lot of interest from the internet community because they realized a distributed infrastructure for sharing les. Such systems have shifted the Web's Client-Server model paradigm into a Client-Client model. The tremendous success of such systems has proven that purely distributed search systems are feasible and that they may change the way we interact on the Internet. P2P systems uncover many new exciting features such as robustness, scalability and high fault tolerance but with a price. Most research concentrates on optimizing the communication and data model of such systems but inadequate work has been done in area of analyzing such systems. Most approaches tend to use as their basis simulation models which can lead to wrong observations and solutions. In this project we investigate the behavior of the Gnutella system by analyzing large log traces that we have obtained with gnuDC, our Distributed Gnutella Crawler. We describe gnuDC design and implementation choices and we then describe its architecture. We make an analysis of 56 million messages that we obtained with 17 workstations in a 5 hour interval. We have also done an extensive analysis on IP addresses observed in the gnutella network. We believe that our study will facilitate the design of new more ecien t communication algorithms between peers.
Genome-Wide Association Analyses Point to Candidate Genes for Electric Shock Avoidance in Drosophila melanogaster

Electric shock is a common stimulus for nociception-research and the most widely used reinforcement in aversive associative learning experiments. Yet, nothing is known about the mechanisms it recruits at the periphery. To help fill this gap, we undertook a genome-wide association analysis using 38 inbred Drosophila melanogaster strains, which avoided shock to varying extents. We identified 514 genes whose expression levels and/ or sequences co-varied with shock avoidance scores. We independently scrutinized 14 of these genes using mutants, validating the effect of 7 of them on shock avoidance. This emphasizes the value of our candidate gene list as a guide for follow-up research. In addition, by integrating our association results with external protein-protein interaction data we obtained a shock avoidance-associated network of 38 genes. Both this network and the original candidate list contained a substantial number of genes that affect mechanosensory bristles, which are hair-like organs distributed across the fly’s body. These results may point to a potential role for mechanosensory bristles in shock sensation. Thus, we not only provide a first list of candidate genes for shock avoidance, but also point to an interesting new hypothesis on nociceptive mechanisms.
Theta Rhythms Coordinate Hippocampal–Prefrontal Interactions in a Spatial Memory Task

Decision-making requires the coordinated activity of diverse brain structures. For example, in maze-based tasks, the prefrontal cortex must integrate spatial information encoded in the hippocampus with mnemonic information concerning route and task rules in order to direct behavior appropriately. Using simultaneous tetrode recordings from CA1 of the rat hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, we show that correlated firing in the two structures is selectively enhanced during behavior that recruits spatial working memory, allowing the integration of hippocampal spatial information into a broader, decision-making network. The increased correlations are paralleled by enhanced coupling of the two structures in the 4- to 12-Hz theta-frequency range. Thus the coordination of theta rhythms may constitute a general mechanism through which the relative timing of disparate neural activities can be controlled, allowing specialized brain structures to both encode information independently and to interact selectively according to current behavioral demands.
A Simulation Tool for Real-Time Systems Using Environmental Energy Harvesting

 Abstract—Energy constrained systems such as sensor networks can increase their usable lifetimes by extracting energy from their environment. This is known as energy harvesting. Task scheduling at the single nodes should account for the properties of the regenerative energy source which fluctuates, capacity of the energy storage as well as deadlines of the time critical tasks. Designing efficient scheduling strategies is significantly more complex compared to conventional real-time scheduling. In this paper, we present a simulator that enables to construct an optimal schedule using the so-called LSA algorithm, for any task set, battery capacity and energy source profile.
An Examination of the Characteristics of Turloughs, using Muitivariate Statistical Techniques

An inventory of turloughs (temporary lakes) on the Irish Carboniferous Limestone has been made, and their characteristics examined from field observations and cartographic evidence. The characteristics of sixty turloughs which function at the present day were summarised by a series of indices, and subjected to cluster analysis and detrended correspondence analysis. Separate groupings of the turloughs on the basis of morphology, deposits and vegetation were compared, and these three aspects of the turloughs were found to be inter-related. The turlough floor vegetation is related to depth of flooding, becoming increasingly dominated by marsh plants as the depth increases to approximately three metres, but some of the deepest turloughs, and those with variable depth due to undulating floors, have a short duration of flooding, and a floor vegetation dominated by dry land ruderals. The relationship between deposits and vegetation also appears to be related to duration of flooding, peat and marl being associated with a longer duration, and sand, silt, clay and diamicton being associated with a shorter duration.The turloughs have been grouped into five clusters on the basis of all of the characteristics examined, and although there are indications that the variation is, at least partly, continuous rather than discrete, the clusters appear to provide a useful summary of the data.
Marital Sorting, Household Labor Supply, and Intergenerational Earnings Mobility across Countries

Abstract We present comparable evidence on intergenerational earnings mobility for Denmark, Finland, Norway, the UK and the US, with a focus on the role of gender and marital status. We confirm that earnings mobility in the Nordic countries is typically greater than in the US and in the UK, but find that, in contrast to all other groups, for married women mobility is approximately uniform across countries when estimates are based on women's own earnings. Defining offspring outcomes in terms of family earnings, on the other hand, leads to estimates of intergenerational mobility in the Nordic countries which exceed those for the US and the UK for both men and women, single and married. Unlike in the Nordic countries, we find that married women with children and with husbands from affluent backgrounds tend to exhibit reduced labor supply in the US and the UK. In these countries, it is the combination of assortative mating and labor supply responses which weakens the association between married women's own earnings and their parents' earnings.
Wiki research: knowledge advancement and design

This workshop focuses on two interrelated themes; knowledge advancement and design. The knowledge advancement theme explores the educational use of wikis in different institutional settings and the challenges that arise as the open architecture and shared authorship features of wiki software meet practices grounded in concepts of individual learning. This links to the design theme, in which the affordances and specific features of wiki technology are considered in relation to designs to support collaborative knowledge building. Designs that afford spaces for teachers and other types of experts will also be in focus. Participants contribute to a 'wiki on wiki research' in advance of the workshop, coordinated by the organizers to take up relevant issues. A CSCL research network on wikis using a redesigned XWiki is an intended outcome.
Rice identification using TerraSAR-X data

Most of China's rice production is located in the southern provinces of the country where frequent cloudy conditions hinder the successful acquisition of optical imagery. Small field sizes and complex planting patterns pose additional challenges to crop mapping using remote sensing approaches. High resolution radar data are most suitable for operational monitoring of crops in this region of China. In this study, the suitability of high-resolution TerraSAR-X StripMap data (6 m resolution) for identification of rice was investigated for a site in Xuwen, Guangdong Province, China. An integrated decision tree and object-oriented classification approach was used. The results showed that higher rice identification accuracies can be obtained using multi-temporal TerraSAR-X data at the tillering, jointing and flowering periods. Both the VV and VH polarizations provided accurate rice identification.
Thin crustal layering in Northern France: observations and modelling of the PMP spectral content

SUMMARY variations in spectral content of the P,P seismic phase (the P-wave reflected on the Moho) are investigated using refraction data collected along the North of France ECORS profile for offsets ranging from 60 to 110 km. The low-frequency component of the PMP (10-15 Hz) shows the usual increase in amplitude beyond the critical distance (90 km). An anomalous attenuation of post-critical amplitudes, however, occurs in the high-frequency part of the reflection. This frequency-selective attenuation characterizes the transmission through the reflective deep crust since it does not affect waves reflected from above. Synthetic seismograms are computed to investigate the influence on the spectral content of the Moho reflection of both thin lamellae and anelastic dissipation within the lower crust. They show that a cyclic repetition of thin low- and high-velocity layers efficiently removes high frequencies from the post-critical part of the PMP. A good fit to the observed rapid decrease in amplitude between 15 and 20 Hz requires: (i) sufficient impedance contrasts between highand low-velocity layers (>0.10), (ii) velocities alternating rapidly from high to low values, (iii) low velocities in the range 5.8-6.7 km s-l and high velocities in the range 7.0-7.6 km s-l (iv) thicknesses in the range 80-200 m. The observed frequency-selective attenuation supports the hypothesis of a layered structure of the lower crust. The constraint placed upon impedance contrasts favours a magmatic origin of the lamellae rather than a purely tectonic origin. The frequency-selective attenuation can also be accounted for by anelastic absorption. The required intrinsic Q is found to be 200 for the whole lower crust. Such a low value would imply the presence of pore fluids. However scattering due to thin layering is believed to play a great part in the observed attenuation since it also explains the high reflectivity of the lower crust pointed out by vertical seismics in the southern part of the profile.
SYMMETRY ANALYSIS OF HOPI YELLOW WARES: REGIONAL, TEMPORAL AND INTERPRETIVE STUDIES

Abstract This paper analyzes the Hopi yellow ware design system in terms of the plane pattern symmetries that structure the designs. This analysis reveals that the advent of the yellow wares correlates with the aggregation of farming villages into large pueblos in response to the thirteenth-century drought. Coincident with this settlement change is a shift from geometric designs organized by bifold rotation that metaphorically represent the reciprocities central to the corn lifeway to quasi-representational images organized by a number of different symmetries, some new to the region. Oral tradition indicates that Hopi villages are composed of many different groups of people, each with their own rituals and living practices. This paper suggests that the new symmetries and images not only mark the arrival of these in-migrating groups to Hopi villages but also the development of new social institutions to organize these larger communities.
STUDIES ON THE MYXOBACTERIUM CHONDROCOCCUS COLUMNARIS

In 1922 Davis described an infectious disease which was responsible for heavy mortalities in a number of species of warm water fishes in the Mississippi Valley. Although Davis was unsuccessful in his attempts to cultivate the etiological agent, he reported that large numbers of slender, motile bacteria were characteristically present in the lesions of infected fish. He further noted that when material scraped from a lesion was placed in a wet mount, the bacteria possessed the unique property of collecting together to form columnar masses on bits of fish tissue. Because of this feature, the organism was assigned the name Bacillus columnaris, and the disease was referred to as columnaris disease. No further mention of this disease is found in the literature until the report of Nigrelli (1943) that columnaris disease had been noted in fish held at the New York Aquarium. The etiological agent of columnaris disease was isolated by Ordal and Rucker (1944) during an epizootic in young sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at the Leavenworth Hatchery of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Additional cultures were isolated from surface lesions and from the internal organs of adult salmon and other fishes examined at Rock Island Dam on the upper Columbia River, and from moribund adult Chinook salmon (0. tsh.awytscha) and from sockeye salmon held in large outdoor ponds at the Leavenworth Hatchery. The latter fish had been trapped at Rock Island Dam and transferred to
MUST: A Method for Participatory Design

The article presents a conceptual framework and a coherent method for design in an organizational context within the participatory design tradition. The MUST method has been developed throughout 10 projects in Danish and American organizations, and it has recently been evaluated and adopted by 3 Danish organizations. The method is based on thorough participation with users and managers, and it combines the use of ethnographic techniques and intervention. The article describes the application area and perspective of the method, presents 6 general principles on which the method is based, and describes 5 main activities providing a stepwise decision-making process in the overall design process. Each of the main activities is illustrated by an example taken from our last project. The article concludes by summing up the main points.
Automated Subunit Counting of Membrane Proteins 1 AUTOMATING SINGLE SUBUNIT COUNTING OF MEMBRANE PROTEINS IN MAMMALIAN CELLS *

Background: Although powerful, single subunit counting is time consuming, prone to user-bias and largely restricted to Xenopus expression. Results: PIF is an automated analysis program that identifies subunit stoichiometry of any fluorescently-tagged membrane protein from TIRF-recordings. Conclusion: PIF is accurate to more than 90% even in noisy data typical for mammalian expression system. Significance: PIF approach is generalizable to any membrane protein and TIRF-microscope.
A model for the estimation of the daily global sunshine duration from meteorological geostationary satellite data

In this research a simple model was proposed for the estimation of daily global sunshine duration and constructing spatially continous sunshine duration map from meteorological geostationary satellite sensor data. First cloud cover index and then daily mean cloud cover index value for each pixel were computed using a time‐series of Meteosat C3D visible type images. The statistical relationship between daily mean cloud cover index and measured bright sunshine duration values was tested and found to be linear. Using regression parameters daily sunshine duration of each pixel was calculated and then daily sunshine duration and monthly mean daily sunshine duration maps were constructed. It was shown that, by using the suggested model it is possible to calculate daily sunshine duration values over a large area where the sunshine duration data are not available and construct spatially continious long‐term sunshine duration maps.
ESD protection design for wideband RF applications in 65-nm CMOS process

All wireless communication products must meet the reliability specifications during mass production. To prevent from electrostatic discharge (ESD) damages, the ESD protection designs must be added at all input/output pads in chip. Some ESD protection designs with low parasitic capacitance for radio-frequency (RF) applications are reviewed in this paper. Besides, a novel ESD protection design is proposed and realized in a 65nm CMOS process to protect the wideband RF circuits. In this work, diodes are used for ESD protection and inductors are used for high-frequency performance fine tuning. Experimental results of the test circuits have been successfully verified.
Crack-front instability in a confined elastic film

We study the undulatory instability of a straight crack front generated by peeling a flexible elastic plate from a thin elastomeric adhesive film. We show that there is a threshold for the onset of the instability that is dependent on the ratio of two length-scales that arise naturally in the problem: the thickness of the film and an elastic length defined by the stiffness of the plate and that of the film. A linear stability analysis predicts that the wavelength of the instability scales linearly with the film thickness. Our results are qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with recent experiments, and show how crack fronts may lose stability due to a competition between bulk and surface effects in the presence of multiple length scales.
Recruitment to intellectual disability research: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND Difficulties in the recruitment of adults with intellectual disability (ID) to research studies are well described but little studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the difficulties in recruiting to a specific research project, in order to inform future recruitment to ID research. METHODS Individual semi-structured interviews were held between September 2009 and May 2010 with people who had been involved as intermediaries in recruitment to the research project. These were transcribed verbatim and were independently analysed by two researchers using the Framework approach, who then agreed upon the key emerging themes. RESULTS Ten interviews were analysed. A number of themes arose, including participant factors (interview anxiety, difficulties in understanding the concept of research, worry about negative feedback), the importance of the researcher (using a personal approach, meeting potential participants prior to recruitment) and motivators [enjoyment of the research interview (participant), obtaining a medical assessment (carer)]. The themes were then used to generate strategies to improve recruitment to ID research: these include the research team applying a more personal approach, developing the recruitment process to allow for multiple meetings with potential participants, and considering motivators for both participants and carers. CONCLUSIONS This study has used the experiences of intermediaries to identify strategies for improving recruitment to future ID research. This has implications in terms of both time and money. However, successful recruitment is essential to ID research, and we hope that the study will be used by ID researchers to review and improve their recruitment processes.
Discourse-based answering of why-questions

This paper presents the work that we have carried out in inves tigating the purpose of discourse structure forwhy-question answering (why-QA). We developed a system for answer- ing why-questions that employs the discourse relations in a pre-an notated document collection (the RST Treebank). With this method, we obtain a recall of 53 . 3% with a mean reciprocal rank (MRR) of 0.662. We argue that the maximum recall that can be ob tained from the use of RST relations as proposed in the present paper is 58.0%. If we dis card the questions that require world knowledge, maximum recall is 73.9%. We conclude that d iscourse structure can play an important role in complex question answering, but that more forms of linguistic processing are needed for increasing recall.