Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast and Efficient Memory Management for Non-FIFO Routers

Current memory management schemes are not suitable for non-FIFO routers either because of low memory utilization or because of high time complexity due to the fact that the first-in-first-out characteristic does not hold anymore. In this paper, we develop an efficient packet size distribution based memory management (PSDMM) scheme which provides efficient memory utilization for non-FIFO routers and preserves O(1) time complexity at the same time. PSDMM utilizes the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the packet size to split the memory into pools with fixed block sizes, and by carefully choosing the number of pools and the block sizes, PSDMM improves the memory utilization from less than 40% to about 90% under real Internet traffic conditions. PSDMM adapts to various packet size distributions automatically when traffic pattern changes and can be implemented in high-speed QoS-enabled routers or high-end server systems due to its constant time complexity and high efficiency.
VALIDATING A CONNECTIONIST MODEL OF FINANCIAL DIAGNOSIS

ions. However, the simplest form only assuming one set of intermediate abstractions is often used. In traditional models, the intermediate abstractions are represented by concepts believed to be of diagnostic relevance. A theoretical basis for identifying such diagnostic concepts can be found in prescriptive theory of financial analysis. However, their main basis is empirical, resulting from studies applying principal components analysis to financial statement information in order to find the "underlying dimensions" of this material (Pinches et al., 1973; Gombola & Ketz, 1983). Whether these "underlying dimensions" are diagnostic stimulus dimensions is, however, not clear. A model introducing a set of represented abstractions intermediating original stimulus dimensions and diagnostic response is very similar to the simplest multilayered neural network models including one layer of hidden units representing a set of intermediate abstractions. Even though many different neural network models can be applied, and these can form different types of intermediate abstractions, the most widely known multilayered perceptron including one layer of hidden units is applied here as a model of the financial diagnosis task. Since financial diagnosis is a cognitive task with a behavioral outcome, we term the model a connectionist model of financial diagnosis.
Normalizing Complex Functional Expressions in Japanese Predicates: Linguistically-Directed Rule-Based Paraphrasing and Its Application

The growing need for text mining systems, such as opinion mining, requires a deep semantic understanding of the target language. In order to accomplish this, extracting the semantic information of functional expressions plays a crucial role, because functional expressions such as would like to and can’t are key expressions to detecting customers’ needs and wants. However, in Japanese, functional expressions appear in the form of suffixes, and two different types of functional expressions are merged into one predicate: one influences the factual meaning of the predicate while the other is merely used for discourse purposes. This triggers an increase in surface forms, which hinders information extraction systems. In this article, we present a novel normalization technique that paraphrases complex functional expressions into simplified forms that retain only the crucial meaning of the predicate. We construct paraphrasing rules based on linguistic theories in syntax and semantics. The results of experiments indicate that our system achieves a high accuracy of 79.7%, while it reduces the differences in functional expressions by up to 66.7%. The results also show an improvement in the performance of predicate extraction, providing encouraging evidence of the usability of paraphrasing as a means of normalizing different language expressions.
Text Classification Techniques Used to Faciliate Cyber Terrorism Investigation

rising of computer violence, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), web vandalism, and cyber bullying are becoming more serious issues when they are politically motivated and intentionally conducted to generate fear in society. These kinds of activity are categorized as cyber terrorism. As the number of such cases increase, the availability of information regarding these actions is required to facilitate experts in investigating cyber terrorism. This research aims to create text classification system which classifies the document using several algorithms including Naïve Bayes, Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, and Multilayer Perceptron. The result shows that SVM outperforms by achieving 100% of accuracy. This result concludes the excellent performance of SVM in handling high dimensional of data.
A Statistically Based Thermal Conductivity Model for PEMFC Gas Diffusion Layers

Many of the characterization and theoretical analyses of Gas Diffusion Layers (GDL) transport properties have to date been done as a function of porosity with little attention paid to other geometrical properties. In this paper, a statistical unit cell approach is presented for predicting the thermal conductivity of GDLs by introducing geometrical properties such as the intersecting fiber angles and characteristic distances/ aspect ratios. These geometrical properties are deconvoluted analytically using optical and porometry data. The dependency of the thermal conductivity on the geometrical parameters is analyzed, and the GDL structure for optimal heat conduction is identified. It is shown that aspect ratio is as important as porosity in determining conductivity, and that the traditional notion that a porous medium with higher porosity has a lower thermal conductivity is not always true. The maximum thermal conductivity depends primarily on porosity and fiber angle, occurs at an aspect ratio of around unity, and shows negligible dependence on fiber diameter. The geometrical concepts and the measured data presented in this paper help unravel some unexplained trends reported in the literature and provide novel insights on avenues to optimize GDLs. The methodology can be extended to estimate other transport properties such as permeability.
Robust Discrete-Time Output Tracking Controller Design for Nonminimum Phase Systems

In regard to the nonminimum phase MIMO discrete time systems, a method using estimation method in designing an observer-based output tracking controller is proposed in this paper. Provided the variation of the disturbance in the two consecutive sampling instances is not changed significantly, both the system state and the unknown disturbance can be simultaneously estimated by our proposed observer algorithm with the estimation error being constrained in a small bounded region of the order of ( ) OT . The control law including a feedforward term and a feedback input can cause the tracking error to be bounded in a small region with the guarantied system stability. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed control scheme.
Are the missing X-ray breaks in gamma-ray burst afterglow light curves merely hidden?

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow observations in the Swift era have a perceived lack of achromatic jet breaks compared to the BeppoSAX or pre-Swift era. Specifically, relatively few breaks, consistent with jet breaks, are observed in the X-ray light curves of these bursts. If these breaks are truly missing, it has serious consequences on the interpretation of GRB jet collimation and energy requirements, and the use of GRBs as cosmological tools. Here, we address the issue of X-ray breaks that are possibly 'hidden' and hence the light curves are misinterpreted as being single power laws. We do so by synthesizing X-ray telescope (XRT) light curves and fitting both single and broken power laws, and comparing the relative goodness of each fit via Monte Carlo analysis. Even with the well-sampled light curves of the Swift era, these breaks may be left misidentified, hence caution is required when making definite statements on the absence of achromatic breaks.
Extreme States Distribution Decomposition Method for Search Engine Online Evaluation

Nowadays, the development of most leading web services is controlled by online experiments that qualify and quantify the steady stream of their updates. The challenging problem is to define an appropriate online metric of user behavior, so-called Overall Evaluation Criterion (OEC), which is both interpretable and sensitive. The state-of-the-art approach is to choose a type of entities to observe in the behavior data, to define a key metric for these observations, and to estimate the average value of this metric over the observations in each of the system versions. A significant disadvantage of the OEC obtained in this way is that the average value of the key metric does not necessarily change, even if its distribution changes significantly. The reason is that the difference between the mean values of the key metric over the two variants of the system does not necessarily reflect the character of the change in the distribution. We develop a novel method of quantifying the change in the distribution of the key metric, which is (1) interpretable, (2) is based on the analysis of the two distributions as a whole, and, for this reason, is sensitive to more ways the two distributions may actually differ. We provide a thorough theoretical analysis of our approach and show experimentally that, other things being equal, it produces more sensitive OEC than the average.
The Golden Glow of India: A Financial Perspective

Gold is a large Global business and represents the most liquid commodity market other than crude oil. These notes offer an overview of issues relating to Gold market and should be looked at as only information presented after the investigation of the structure of gold, trading as a futures contract on the NCDEX. In Part I, as an introduction to the precious metal Gold and its origin, a brief review of a prominent book on Gold and its history titled “The Ages of Gold” by Timothy Green is presented, Part II emphasizes on the demand and supply of gold in the world market with trend analysis, Part III emphasizes on aspects of the Gold Futures market, exchange trading of Gold futures with an overview of the now familiar GARCH properties (autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity). Part IV emphasizes on a the Indian gold futures market and illustrates a rarely used measure in the capital markets–the Garman Klass estimator – is used to provide new insights in intraday and interday gold counter dynamics. As part of the closing remarks an executive summary is presented encompassing latest data on gold from a Global perspective. Scope for further research – Trend analysis of the Indian Gold futures market in the backdrop of the more mature American market would result in better forecasting of prices and demand.
Problematising disabling discourses on the assessment and placement of learners with disabilities: can interdependence inform an alternative narrative for inclusion?

ABSTRACT In this paper, we seek to explore how the concepts of dependence, independence and interdependence are reflected in discourses on documents prepared by two Commissioners in Cyprus (the Commissioner for the Rights of the Child, and the Commissioner for Administration and Protection of Human Rights). These documents reflect the views of parents, professionals, policymakers, and the Commissioners. Our analysis reveals that thinking in terms of the ‘dependence-independence’ binary informs a disabling discourse that views learners with disabilities as ‘dependent’ or ‘not independent enough’. At the same time, it secures the ‘independence’ of education stakeholders, and learners without disabilities. We argue that an alternative discourse, based on the concept of ‘interdependence’, could inform the inclusive education narrative in ways that would benefit the learners with disabilities, their families, and the education stakeholders involved in the decision-making process.
Sexual Partners for the Stressed: Facultative Outcrossing in the Self-Fertilizing Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Sexual reproduction shuffles genetic variation, potentially enhancing the evolutionary response to environmental change. Many asexual organisms respond to stress by generating facultative sexual reproduction, presumably as a means of escaping the trap of low genetic diversity. Self-fertilizing organisms are subject to similar genetic limitations: the consistent loss of genetic diversity within lineages restricts the production of variation through recombination. Selfing organisms may therefore benefit from a similar shift in mating strategy during periods of stress. We determined the effects of environmental stress via starvation and passage through the stress-resistant dauer stage on mating system dynamics of Caenorhabditis elegans, which reproduces predominantly through self-fertilization but is capable of outcrossing in the presence of males. Starvation elevated male frequencies in a strain-specific manner through differential male survival during dauer exposure and increased outcrossing rates after dauer exposure. In the most responsive strain, the mating system changed from predominantly selfing to almost exclusively outcrossing. Like facultative sex in asexual organisms, facultative outcrossing in C. elegans may periodically facilitate adaptation under stress. Such a shift in reproductive strategy should have a major impact on evolutionary change within these populations and may be a previously unrecognized feature of other highly selfing organisms.
Security Techniques for Prevention of Rank Manipulation in Social Tagging Services including Robotic Domains

With smartphone distribution becoming common and robotic applications on the rise, social tagging services for various applications including robotic domains have advanced significantly. Though social tagging plays an important role when users are finding the exact information through web search, reliability and semantic relation between web contents and tags are not considered. Spams are making ill use of this aspect and put irrelevant tags deliberately on contents and induce users to advertise contents when they click items of search results. Therefore, this study proposes a detection method for tag-ranking manipulation to solve the problem of the existing methods which cannot guarantee the reliability of tagging. Similarity is measured for ranking the grade of registered tag on the contents, and weighted values of each tag are measured by means of synonym relevance, frequency, and semantic distances between tags. Lastly, experimental evaluation results are provided and its efficiency and accuracy are verified through them.
Beyond Metformin: Safety Considerations in the Decision-Making Process for Selecting a Second Medication for Type 2 Diabetes Management

The trend toward personalized management of diabetes has focused attention on the differences among available pharmacological agents in terms of mechanisms of action, efficacy, and, most important, safety. Clinicians must select from these features to develop individualized therapy regimens. In June 2013, a nine-member Diabetes Care Editors’ Expert Forum convened to review safety evidence for six major diabetes drug classes: insulin, sulfonylureas (SUs), thiazolidinediones (TZDs), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. This article, an outgrowth of the forum, summarizes well-delineated and theoretical safety concerns related to these drug classes, as well as the panelists’ opinions regarding their best use in patients with type 2 diabetes. All of the options appear to have reasonably wide safety margins when used appropriately. Those about which we know the most—metformin, SUs, insulin, and perhaps now also TZDs—are efficacious in most patients and can be placed into a basic initial algorithm. However, these agents leave some clinical needs unmet. Selecting next steps is a more formidable process involving newer agents that are understood less well and for which there are unresolved questions regarding risk versus benefit in certain populations. Choosing a specific agent is not as important as implementing some form of early intervention and advancing rapidly to some form of combination therapy as needed. When all options are relatively safe given the benefits they confer, therapeutic decision making must rely on a personalized approach, taking into account patients’ clinical circumstances, phenotype, pathophysiological defects, preferences, abilities, and costs.
Robust global stabilization of the underactuated 2-DOF manipulator R2D1

In this paper a switching control strategy for robust stabilization of the 2nd-order nonholonomic 2-DOF SCARA robot R2D1 is presented. The first joint is actuated by a direct drive motor, whereas the second joint is equipped with a brake. The unactuated second joint is controlled by non-collocated linearization and a PD-controller. A stability region is derived and robustness is achieved by exploiting the contractive character of the perturbed stability region. The proposed switching control strategy assures global and robust position control of the second joint. Experimental results confirm the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Simultaneous Hand-Eye and Robot-World Calibration by Solving the  $AX=YB$ Problem Without Correspondence

Calibration is often an important and necessary step in the use of image-guided systems. In the case of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$AX=YB$</tex-math></inline-formula> problem, the relative hand-eye (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$</tex-math></inline-formula>) and robot-world (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Y$</tex-math></inline-formula>) transformations must be determined to provide accurate data for use in control. As an added difficulty, the exact correspondence between the streams of sensor data (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A$</tex-math></inline-formula>’s and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$B$</tex-math></inline-formula>’s) is typically unknown due to asynchrony in sampling rates and processing time. One common scenario is a constant shift between the two data streams. Therefore, in this paper, we present a probabilistic method to simultaneously solve for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Y$</tex-math></inline-formula> without <italic>a priori</italic> knowledge of the correspondence between the streams of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A$</tex-math></inline-formula>’s and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$B$</tex-math></inline-formula>’s. We begin by discussing probability density functions on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$SE(3)$</tex-math></inline-formula> and then use Euclidean-group invariants to obtain an exact solution for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Y$</tex-math></inline-formula>. We then present a method to simultaneously recover <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Y$</tex-math></inline-formula> and the correspondence between temporally shifted data sets using a correlation method. Following this, we show how to solve the problem in the case when the data are completely scrambled, corresponding to a complete loss of temporal information. Finally, we numerically simulated the proposed method with asynchronous data and noise added to the stream of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$B$</tex-math></inline-formula>’s to verify its efficiency and robustness.
A search for Low Surface Brightness galaxies in the near-infrared - I. Selection of the sample

A sample of about 3800 Low Surface Brightness (LSB) galaxies was selected using the all-sky near-infrared (J, H and Ks-band) 2MASS survey. The selected objects have a mean central surface brightness within a 5 �� radius around their centre fainter than 18 mag arcsec −2 in the Ks band, making them the lowest surface brightness galaxies detected by 2MASS. A description is given of the relevant properties of the 2MASS survey and the LSB galaxy selection procedure, as well as of basic photometric properties of the selected objects. The latter properties are compared to those of other samples of galaxies, of both LSBs and "classical" high surface brightness (HSB) objects, which were selected in the optical. The 2MASS LSBs have a BTc − KT colour which is on average 0.9 mag bluer than that of HSBs from the NGC. The 2MASS sample does not appear to contain a significant population of red objects.
Joint QoS-Aware Node Clustering and Tax-Based Subcarrier Allocation for Wireless Mesh Networks

In this paper, we propose a novel node clustering algorithm with effective tax-based subcarrier allocation tailored for wireless mesh networks with quality-of-service support. With effective frequency reuse, our proposed approach is shown to achieve a higher system throughput than a conflict-graph approach and a baseline approach. Also, our approach is demonstrated promising in performance tradeoff between packet delay and end-to-end transmission rate.
A Diversity-Multiplexing-Delay Tradeoff of ARQ Protocols in The Z-interference Channel

In this work, we analyze the fundamental performance tradeoff of the single-antenna Automatic Retransmission reQuest (ARQ) Z-interference channel (ZIC). Specifically, we characterize the achievable three-dimensional tradeoff between diversity (reliability), multiplexing (throughput), and delay (maximum number of retransmissions) of two ARQ protocols: A non-cooperative protocol and a cooperative one. Considering no cooperation exists, we study the achievable tradeoff of the fixed-power split Han-Kobayashi (HK) approach. Interestingly, we demonstrate that if the second user transmits the common part only of its message in the event of its successful decoding and a decoding failure at the first user, communication is improved over that achieved by keeping or stopping the transmission of both the common and private messages. We obtain closed-form expressions for the achievable tradeoff under the HK splitting. Under cooperation, two special cases of the HK are considered for static and dynamic decoders. The difference between the two decoders lies in the ability of the latter to dynamically choose which HK special-case decoding to apply. Cooperation is shown to dramatically increase the achievable first user diversity.
The Symmetric Shortest-Path Table Routing Conjecture

A symmetric shortest-path table routing is a set of paths between all pairs of nodes in a graph such that the set is closed under path reversal, each path is a shortest path in the graph, and all paths with the same destination form a tree with a sink at the destination. Such a routing can be found for any finite, connected, undirected, positive-weighted graph by “salting” the edge weights so that all the shortest salted paths are unique while each one remains a shortest path in the original graph. A conjecture arises about whether every possible symmetric shortest-path table routing can be selected in this way by some edge weight salting. It turns out that this conjecture is false. This paper describes the search for counterexamples.