Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Text Categorization Using a New Text Association Rule-Based Classifier

This paper proposes a new association rule-based Classifier algorithm to improve the prediction accuracy of Association Rule-based Classifier By Categories (ARC-BC) algorithm. Unlike the previous algorithms, the proposed association rule generation algorithm constructs two types of frequent itemsets. The first frequent itemsets, i.e. Lk, contain all term that have no an overlap with other categories. The second frequent itemsets, i.e. OLk, contain all features that have an overlap with other categories. In addition, this paper also proposes a new join operation for the second frequent itemsets. The experimental results are shown a good performance of the proposed classifier.
Virtual Arc Consistency for Weighted CSP

Optimizing a combination of local cost functions on discrete variables is a central problem in many formalisms such as in probabilistic networks, maximum satisfiability, weighted CSP or factor graphs. Recent results have shown that maintaining a form of local consistency in a Branch and Bound search provides bounds that are strong enough to solve many practical instances. In this paper, we introduce Virtual Arc Consistency (VAC) which iteratively identifies and applies sequences of cost propagation over rational costs that are guaranteed to transform a WCSP in another WCSP with an improved constant cost. Although not as strong as Optimal Soft Arc Consistency, VAC is faster and powerful enough to solve submodular problems. Maintaining VAC inside branch and bound leads to important improvements in efficiency on large difficult problems and allowed us to close two famous frequency assignment problem instances.
Fault Tolerance on NoCs

Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) are increasingly popular in embedded systems, but also on high performance systems. In such systems, the data bandwidth requirements keeps increasing as the number of processing elements increases. Therefore, a Network-on-Chip (NoCs) communication architecture use to be preferred than a communication based on shared buses, because it provides higher communication performance. The probability of failure increases in this systems, due to these great advances in integration scales and the increasing number of components on chip. Therefore Fault Tolerance will become a key aspect on designing the near future VLSI SoC, and especially on their interconnection Network on Chip (NoC). This paper focuses on describe the particular aspects of NoCs, and the proposed fault-tolerant strategies for NoCs.
Subcellular Arrangement of Molecules for 2-Arachidonoyl-Glycerol-Mediated Retrograde Signaling and Its Physiological Contribution to Synaptic Modulation in the Striatum

Endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) mediate retrograde signals for short- and long-term suppression of transmitter release at synapses of striatal medium spiny (MS) neurons. An endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), is synthesized from diacylglycerol (DAG) after membrane depolarization and Gq-coupled receptor activation. To understand 2-AG-mediated retrograde signaling in the striatum, we determined precise subcellular distributions of the synthetic enzyme of 2-AG, DAG lipase-α (DAGLα), and its upstream metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 (M1). DAGLα, mGluR5, and M1 were all richly distributed on the somatodendritic surface of MS neurons, but their subcellular distributions were different. Although mGluR5 and DAGLα levels were highest in spines and accumulated in the perisynaptic region, M1 level was lowest in spines and was rather excluded from the mGluR5-rich perisynaptic region. These subcellular arrangements suggest that mGluR5 and M1 might differentially affect endocannabinoid-mediated, depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI) and depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DSE) in MS neurons. Indeed, mGluR5 activation enhanced both DSI and DSE, whereas M1 activation enhanced DSI only. Importantly, DSI, DSE, and receptor-driven endocannabinoid-mediated suppression were all abolished by the DAG lipase inhibitor tetrahydrolipstatin, indicating 2-AG as the major endocannabinoid mediating retrograde suppression at excitatory and inhibitory synapses of MS neurons. Accordingly, CB1 cannabinoid receptor, the main target of 2-AG, was present at high levels on GABAergic axon terminals of MS neurons and parvalbumin-positive interneurons and at low levels on excitatory corticostriatal afferents. Thus, endocannabinoid signaling molecules are arranged to modulate the excitability of the MS neuron effectively depending on cortical activity and cholinergic tone as measured by mGluR5 and M1 receptors, respectively.
Landfast First-Year Snow-Covered Sea Ice Reconstruction via Electromagnetic Inversion

The inversion of the monostatic normalized radar cross section (NRCS) data collected by an on-site C-band scatterometer and also RADARSAT-2 satellite are investigated to reconstruct some parameters of interest associated with landfast snow-covered sea ice in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada. The parameters of interest are temperature, density, salinity, and snow grain size. To this end, this remote sensing problem is cast as an inverse scattering problem in which a data misfit cost functional is to be minimized using a differential evolution algorithm. This minimization requires repetitive calls to an appropriate electromagnetic forward solver. The utilized electromagnetic forward solver attempts to model both surface and volume scattering components associated with the irradiated rough multilayered medium under investigation. The reconstruction results demonstrate the ability of this inversion algorithm to retrieve the parameters of interest with reasonable accuracy. In particular, the best performance of the inversion algorithm occurs when both the scatterometer and satellite NRCS data are simultaneously used in the inversion process.
The Impact of Partial Factorial Invariance on Cross-Group Comparisons

This study explored the impact of partial factorial invariance on cross-group comparisons of latent variables, including latent means, latent variances, structural relations (or correlations) with other constructs, and regression coefficients as predicting external variables. The results indicate that the estimates of factor mean differences are sensitive to violations of invariance on both factor loadings and intercepts. Noninvariant factor loadings were also found to influence the cross-group comparisons of factor variances and regression coefficients (slopes, in the raw metric) with external variables. However, cross-group comparisons of standardized slopes and interfactor correlations were not subject to noninvariance. Under conditions of partial invariance, we further compared the performance of four different model specification strategies. In general, fitting partially invariant models with all noninvariant parameters that were freely estimated yielded more accurate estimates of the parameters of interest. The implications of the major findings of this work, as well as recommendations and guidelines for future empirical researchers, are discussed below.
Change of color and translucency by light curing in resin composites.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated color and translucency changes caused by light curing resin composite materials. METHODS The CIELAB parameters (L*, a* and b*) of disks of A2 and opaque A2 shades of Charisma (Heraeus-Kulzer), Solare (GC) and Filtek Supreme (3M) were evaluated on the backings of black, white and the material itself both before and after light curing to evaluate color and translucency changes (by means of calculating deltaE* and the translucency parameter, respectively). RESULTS Solare and Filtek Supreme showed significantly smaller color changes during light curing than Charisma; however, the value of deltaE* of all the products/shades was still in the clinically unacceptable range. Regarding translucency changes during light curing, the A2 and opaque A2 shades of Charisma showed a statistically significant increase, although no difference was observed in the other products. CONCLUSIONS Solare and Filtek Supreme tended to show less changes in translucency and color during light curing compared to Charisma. Nevertheless, the changes in color during light curing were still in the range of unacceptable color change. Therefore, direct shade matching of these materials for a precise shade match should be performed by using the cured material.
Activity of costal and crural diaphragm during progressive hypoxia or hypercapnia.

Because costal and crural diaphragm segments have different functional characteristics, ventilatory stimulation with hypoxia or hypercapnia may elicit differential segmental function. We report measurements of diaphragm segmental length, shortening, and electromyogram (EMG) activity from 11 canines that were chronically implanted with sonomicrometry transducers and EMG electrodes and then studied a mean of 18 days postimplantation while awake and breathing spontaneously during CO2 rebreathing and progressive isocapnic hypoxia. Ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and progressive hypoxia were moderate at 1.13 +/- 0.31 (SD) 1. min-1. mm-1 arterial Pco2 and -0.98 +/- 0.51 l. min-1. %arterial O2 saturation-1. When tidal values for breathing pattern and segmental function were compared at matching tidal volumes that correspond to mean CO2 of 49.4 arterial Pco2 and 77% arterial O2 saturation, there was no significant difference in resting length, tidal shortening, or tidal EMG of costal or crural segments. Intrabreath profiles of flow, shortening, and EMG activity at matched tidal volumes showed that 1) inspiratory flow during hypoxia was significantly greater during early inspiration, 2) crural EMG activity preceded costal EMG activity in early inspiration during both hypercapnia and hypoxia, 3) both segments showed increased postinspiratory inspiratory activity with stimulated ventilation, and 4) postinspiratory shortening and EMG were greatest for the crural segment during hypoxia. These results suggest that costal and crural diaphragm segments exhibit differential function during chemical stimulation, especially during postinspiration.
The cultural evolution of cognition

As humans, we share most of our biological make-up with our closest primate relatives, yet we stand out not just from them but from all other species with respect to our cultural diversity, our capacity for language, and particula rly our cognitive skills. While of prime interest for the f i ld of cognitive science, the still-open question of which fa ctors gave rise to human uniqueness has rarely surfaced at its conferences or in its journals. A hallmark of humankind, our propensity for engaging in social interactions and cul tural transmission, is likely one of the most essential p reconditions of cognitive evolution, accompanied by b oth language (Christiansen & Kirby, 2003) and material culture (Malafouris, 2013). Accounting for evolutionary cha nge in human cognition thus requires new conceptual framew orks that view our psychological, behavioral, and materi l capabilities as interacting in complex manners in a con tinuous process of co-evolution (Richerson & Christiansen, 2013). Our symposium highlights the relevance of culture a s a driving force in the evolution of human cognition, with a special focus on material culture, language, and co nceptual tools. Researchers from various sub-fields of cogni tive science—including archaeology, anthropology, linguisti cs, cognitive psychology, and comparative psychology—wi ll discuss cultural factors that may have triggered, c onstrained, or shaped the course of cognitive evolution: Caldwell uses experimental methods to study cultural evolution in human participants, and carries out co mparative research on social learning with nonhuman primates. Cognitive scientist Christiansen employs a variety of computational, behavioral, and neuroimaging experiments to unravel the interaction between biological and environmenta l constraints in the evolution, acquisition and processi ng of language. Smith develops experimental and computational models of cultural evolution and the co-evolution o f language and language learning biases and strategies. Cognitive archaeologist Overmann draws on insights from various subfields of cognitive science to investigate h ow mind, behavior, and material artifacts interact to change human cognition. Bender & Beller, finally, take an anthropological perspective on cultural diversity to account for ho w conceptual tools for cognition may have emerged and evolv ed. Together, these participants have published several dozen papers related to the topic, including in high-qual ity journals such as Science, PNAS, BBS, Proceedings of the Royal Society, TiCS, Current Anthropology, or Cognition.
Reorientating objects with a gripping hand and a table surface

We present a robotic system that can perform difficult reorientation tasks like flipping. The system uses a gripping hand and takes the advantages of external surfaces. It is composed by three components. In grasp planning, the system finds the grasps that fulfill force closure and resist high external wrenches. In placement planning, the system computes the stable placements of an object on the table surface and their associated grasps. In manipulation planning, the system builds a regrasp graph by connecting the stable placements and lazily searches the regrasp graph to find a reorientation sequence. The work is evaluated by thousands of simulation experiments and demonstrated by real-world executions. With the help of the presented implementation details, we physically validate the utility of an external table surface.
Robust visual tracking via part-based sparsity model

The sparse representation has been widely used in many areas including visual tracking. The part-based representation performs outstandingly by using non-holistic templates to against occlusion. This paper combined them and proposed a robust object tracking method using part-based sparsity model for tracking an object in a video sequence. In the proposed model, one object is represented by image patches. The candidates of these patches are sparsely represented in the space which is spanned by the patch templates and trivial templates. The part-based method takes the spatial information of each patch into consideration, where the vote maps of multiple patches are used. Furthermore, the update scheme keeps the representative templates of each part dynamically. Therefore, trackers can effectively deal with the changes of appearances and heavy occlusion. On various public benchmark videos, the abundant results of experiments demonstrate that the proposed tracking method outperforms many existing state-of-the-arts algorithms.
Discrete-Time Neural Sliding-Mode Block Control for a DC Motor With Controlled Flux

An adaptive discrete-time tracking controller for a direct current motor with controlled excitation flux is presented. A recurrent neural network is used to identify the plant model; this neural identifier is trained with an extended Kalman filter algorithm. Then, the discrete-time block-control and sliding-mode techniques are used to develop the trajectory tracking. This paper also includes the respective stability analysis for the whole closed-loop system. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified via real-time implementation.
Quantifying human coordination in HCI

This poster provides a conceptual contribution to the understanding of how to evaluate performance for computer applications that require users to simultaneously control multiple degrees of freedom (dofs). Whereas previous metrics from the literature, efficiency and integrality, are measurements in the space and time domains respectively, coordination should be measured in both dimensions. This poster proposes a definition of coordination and hypothesizes as to what will be found.
Self‐efficacy, learning method appropriation and software skills acquisition in learner‐controlled CSSTS environments

A computer‐simulated software training system (CSSTS) delivers a specific form of computer‐based training in which participants are allowed to select various training features within a simulated software environment. Given the growing use of these systems as end‐user training (EUT) aids, there is a need for greater understanding of how participants use these systems, as well as whether participant‐controlled learning environments are truly effective. The present research examines how a particular learner characteristic, software self‐efficacy, drives appropriation in a high learner control, CSSTS environment. Contrary to notions in the literature, results from spreadsheet and database software training courses reveal that pre‐training specific software self‐efficacy constitutes a significant, negative predictor of faithful appropriations of the CSSTS. This research also establishes a positive relationship between faithful appropriation and increases in software self‐efficacy (SSE). In essence, faithful appropriations lead to greater increases in SSE, which influences software skills performance. In addition, the research validates prior EUT research by extending prior findings to a database training environment. A psychometrically sound measure is put forth to capture database self‐efficacy.
An Efficient Pipeline for the Generation and Functional Analysis of Human BRCA2 Variants of Uncertain Significance

The implementation of next‐generation sequence analysis of disease‐related genes has resulted in an increasing number of genetic variants with an unknown clinical significance. The functional analysis of these so‐called “variants of uncertain significance” (VUS) is hampered by the tedious and time‐consuming procedures required to generate and test specific sequence variants in genomic DNA. Here, we describe an efficient pipeline for the generation of gene variants in a full‐length human gene, BRCA2, using a bacterial artificial chromosome. This method permits the rapid generation of intronic and exonic variants in a complete gene through the use of an exon‐replacement strategy based on simple site‐directed mutagenesis and an effective positive–negative selection system in E. coli. The functionality of variants can then be assessed through the use of functional assays, such as complementation of gene‐deficient mouse‐embryonic stem (mES) cells in the case of human BRCA2. Our methodology builds upon an earlier protocol and, through the introduction of a series of major innovations, now represents a practical proposition for the rapid analysis of BRCA2 variants and a blueprint for the analysis of other genes using similar approaches. This method enables rapid generation and reliable classification of VUS in disease‐related genes, allowing informed clinical decision‐making.
Conformational transition states of a β‐hairpin peptide between the ordered and disordered conformations in explicit water

The conformational transition states of a β‐hairpin peptide in explicit water were identified from the free energy landscapes obtained from the multicanonical ensemble, using an enhanced conformational sampling calculation. The β‐hairpin conformations were significant at 300 K in the landscape, and the typical nuclear Overhauser effect signals were reproduced, consistent with the previously reported experiment. In contrast, the disordered conformations were predominant at higher temperatures. Among the stable conformations at 300 K, there were several free energy barriers, which were not visible in the landscapes formed with the conventional parameters. We identified the transition states around the saddle points along the putative folding and unfolding paths between the β‐hairpin and the disordered conformations in the landscape. The characteristic features of these transition states are the predominant hydrophobic contacts and the several hydrogen bonds among the side‐chains, as well as some of the backbone hydrogen bonds. The unfolding simulations at high temperatures, 400 K and 500 K, and their principal component analyses also provided estimates for the transition state conformations, which agreed well with those at 400 K and 500 K deduced from the current free energy landscapes at 400 K and 500 K, respectively. However, the transition states at high temperatures were much more widely distributed on the landscape than those at 300 K, and their conformations were different.
Factor VIII inhibitor in a patient with mild haemophilia A and an Asn618→Ser mutation responsive to immune tolerance induction and cyclophosphamide

Summary. We describe a patient with mild haemophilia A (original value of factor VIII activity 0·30 U/ml) who developed an inhibitor (36·1 Bethesda U/ml) which cross‐reacted with his endogenous factor VIII. This caused a decline in basal factor VIII level (< 0·01 U/ml) and severe haemorrhagic events. Treatment to induce immune tolerance was started with factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (VWF) concentrates, but inhibitor levels increased progressively and the patient suffered serious bleeding. Cyclophosphamide was administered and, after 8 months treatment, factor VIII levels increased to 0·20 U/ml and the inhibitor could no longer be detected. Screening of his factor VIII gene revealed a missense mutation in exon 13 that predicts substitution of Asn618→Ser in the A2 domain of factor VIII. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that the antibodies present in the patient's plasma reacted with metabolically labelled A2 domain and, to a lesser extent, with factor VIII light chain. Inhibitory antibodies were completely neutralized by recombinant A2 domain, whereas no neutralization was observed after the addition of factor VIII light chain (A3–C1–C2) and C2 domain. More detailed analysis showed that the majority of inhibitory antibodies were directed against residues Arg484–Ile508, a previously identified binding site for factor VIII inhibitors. Our findings suggest that immune tolerance therapy and cyclophosphamide were successful in eradicating inhibitory antibodies against a common epitope on factor VIII.
Russian speakers’ L2 Chinese acquisition of wh-topicalization at the syntax–discourse interface

In recent second language (L2) research it has been proposed that unlike linguistic phenomena pertaining to internal interfaces, those at external interfaces pose greater difficulty to adult L2 learners and may not be fully acquired. It has further been pointed out that such problematic acquisition at the interface level should not be attributed to the entire interface and requires a more nuanced examination, and this is what the current article aims to provide. An empirical study reported here investigates whether Russian-speaking learners are able to acquire Chinese wh-topicalization that lies at the syntax–discourse interface, an instance of the external interface. The results indicate that although very advanced Russian speakers can acquire wh-topicalization in their L2 Chinese, the ability of wh-elements to topicalize in Russian–Chinese interlanguage grammars seems to be determined by an internal structure underlying Chinese wh-elements, and this is likely to be a variable that affects the linguistic behaviour at the interface level in the L2.