Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward elimination and eradication of hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes important human health problems. It has infected one‐third of the world's population and approximately 360 million people are chronic carriers. Worldwide, 0.5–1.2 million deaths are attributed to HBV infection annually. Therefore, global control of HBV infection is important. HBV infection can be intervened by interrupting routes of transmission, treating the chronically infected, and preventing the susceptibles with immunoprophylaxis. All these measures are effective. Nevertheless, although pegylated interferons or nucleos(t)ide analogs are effective for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, chronic carriage of HBV is not easy to eliminate, as revealed by the frequent persistence of hepatitis B surface antigen, despite satisfactory responses to these treatments. On the other hand, hepatitis B vaccination has been shown to preclude HBV infection effectively. This is particularly true for pre‐exposure prophylaxis. Worthy of note is the universal vaccination of newborn infants. This is the most effective means of preventing HBV infection, especially for those born to HBV carrier mothers. To eliminate and eradicate hepatitis B, first, HBV in the chronically infected should be eradicated or strongly and efficiently suppressed, so that the infection does not spread rampantly. Second, all the transmission routes should be interrupted. Lastly, but most effectively, is to immunize all susceptibles. The difficulties and possible solutions of each approach are discussed. In conclusion, the existing means to prevent and treat HBV infection render our goal toward eliminating and eradicating hepatitis B possible, although it will take much time and effort to achieve this objective.
High production of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) from a wild Bacillus megaterium Bolivian strain

Taking into account that a novel strain of Bacillus megaterium was isolated from Uyuni salt lake (Bolivia) in a previous work, the objectives of this new study were to determine the maximal Poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate production potential of B. megaterium strain uyuni S29 in an industrial conventional media, the possibility that the strain accumulates different types of polyhydroxyalkanoates, the cellular morphology during the biosynthesis process and the characterization of the produced biopolymers.
Nudging Neighbors: Analyzing Peer Effects of the LakeSmart Program in the Belgrade Lakes

Peer effects are an increasingly studied field in economics, and can have large impacts at a local level. In this research we seek to identify whether there is an impact of early adopters on their neighbors to become adopters. The scope for this study is the LakeSmart program that operate in Maine. Specifically we are focusing on the Belgrade lakes, and analyzing data from 2005 to present in addition with a survey of demographic characteristics conducted in 2011. Results suggest that the impact of a neighbor on the likelihood of a household to be LakeSmart certified is statistically significant and in line with priors that those nearest have more of a salience with the actions of their neighbors. Our results find that as the distance away from the central household increases, the significance and magnitude of the coefficient decrease. Additional results that we find is evaluating the degree to which homeowners find salience in proximity to other homeowners. We map peer effect coefficients at varying distances to establish a frontier. This information is highly valuable to program managers due to the capacity to focus areas for outreach that have a high propensity to adopt and impact their neighbors.
Cleavage of the transferrin receptor by human granulocytes: Preferential proteolysis of the exosome‐bound TFR

In contrast with other mammalian granulocytes, human granulocytes rapidly cleave the transferrin receptor (TFR) from sheep exosomes. Proteolysis of TFR from exosomes is more rapid and more extensive than that from the sheep reticulocyte cell surface itself, although little difference in cleavage is seen when immunoprecipitates or when immobilized, solubilized receptors from the two sources are compared. Circulating exosomes but not the plasma membrane fraction from seven species of immature red cells or erythropoietic cells show the presence of a peptide of ∼18 kD recognized by an antibody to the cytoplasmic domain of the TFR. This 18 kD peptide is virtually absent from the corresponding cellular plasma membranes including human reticulocyte membranes. Taken together, the data are consistent with the conclusion that the exosomes released to the circulation from maturing red cells are the principal source of the soluble, circulating, truncated TFR. The granulocyte protease appears to be present on the cell surface and not released into the medium after short (30 min) periods of incubation at 37°C. The protease is inhibited by PMSF but only at high (1 mM) concentrations. Using sheep exosome bound‐TFR as substrate, human granulocytes exceed other granulocytes in their capacity to cleave TFR, suggesting that this may be a key factor for the prominent amount of circulating, soluble receptor found in human sera during periods of elevated reticulocyte levels. Human exosomes, unlike those from other species, contain little native size TFR. Truncated receptor containing the cytoplasmic domain being predominant in human exosomes. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Widespread population variability of intron size in evolutionary old genes : 1 implications for gene expression variability 2 Intronic CNVs and gene regulation

6 Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC), Barcelona, 08034, Spain. 7 Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universitat 8 Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08003, Spain 9 Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain. 10 Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United 11 Kingdom. 12 13 ¶ These authors contributed equally to this work. 14 * Corresponding authors 15
Leader-follower multi-robot formation system using model predictive control method based on particle swarm optimization

For controlling the multi-robot formation system, a leader-follower separation-bearing-orientation scheme (S-BOS) is proposed and the leader-follower relationship can be represented as a formation-error kinematic system through SBOS strategy. In order to achieve the control objective, a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) strategy is applied to formulate the formation-error kinematic into a minimization optimization problem according to cost function. To solve this optimization problem online efficiently, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to search for the global optimal solution as the control input. In the end of this work, simulations of the multi-robot formation are performed to verify the effectiveness of the developed strategy.
Variability-aware design of subthreshold devices

Recently, devices optimized for subthreshold operation have been introduced as potential construction blocks for digital subthreshold logic circuits. However, for these devices, a strong sensitivity to process variations is expected due to the exponential relationship of the subthreshold drive current and the threshold voltage. In this paper, a yield optimization technique is proposed to suppress the variability of a device optimized for subthreshold operation. By using the technique, a process/device designer can optimize a transistor for subthreshold operation in terms of the total leakage current and intrinsic delay bounds. Sample devices are optimized for 90 nm and 65 nm technologies, and Monte Carlo simulations verify the accuracy of the technique.
La ville sous électrodes : de la mesure à l'évaluation de la pollution atmosphérique automobile. : vers une simulation multi-agents du trafic routier en milieu urbain

A partir des enquetes, le trafic n’est pas une donnee, mais il est plutot construit a partir d’hypotheses portant sur les relations entre des origines et des destinations. En vue de reconstruire un trafic routier plus proche de la mesure, et sur un ensemble de troncons routiers plus important, il apparait alors interessant de partir de donnees de comptages issues de capteurs urbains. Notre postulat de depart part de ce constat. L’insertion de ces donnees d’observations du trafic routier fournit l’opportunite d’experimenter les potentiels d’exploitations des capteurs pour estimer les niveaux de Pollution Atmospherique Automobile (PAA) a l’echelle intraurbaine. Cependant, il est alors necessaire de modifier la nature de la mesure en vue d’extraire une information sur la circulation routiere, ce qui a ete envisage ici a travers la construction d’un modele de simulation multi-agents. D’une maniere plus generale, en partant de la donnee, c’est une demarche de construction de la connaissance sur les emissions de PAA qui est abordee tout au long de ce travail. La mise en œuvre de la demarche de modelisation SCAUP (Simulation multi-agents a partir de Capteurs Urbains pour la Pollution atmospherique automobile) a ete realisee en trois temps : 1. En se focalisant sur les dispositifs de quantification du trafic routier a travers les capteurs urbains ; 2. En proposant une demarche de modelisation et de simulation de ces donnees pour le trafic routier ; 3. En se rattachant aux referentiels nationaux utilises par les AASQA pour le calcul des emissions de PAA. L’ensemble se lie et s’integre au sein d’une matrice technique qui constitue la colonne vertebrale de ce manuscrit a travers trois dispositifs interdependants : la quantification, la modelisation et l’evaluation. Ce travail s’inscrit dans une demarche experimentale de simulation du trafic routier pour le calcul des emissions de PAA. Parraine par l’AASQA locale ATMOSF’AIR BOURGOGNE, il s’inscrit aussi dans une optique de recherche appliquee en appui de ces organismes en charge de la surveillance de la qualite de l’air. A l’heure ou le big data entre dans de nouveaux questionnements quant aux capacites des chercheurs a en extraire une connaissance, nous proposons une demarche geographique en vue de replacer la donnee au centre d’une demarche de simulation originale du trafic routier (data-driven).
Association of susceptibility to brucellosis and interleukin-4 promoter polymorphism

A C-T substitution at position 590 in the interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene is associated with increased production of IL-4. We sought to determine the associations between this polymorphism and susceptibility to brucellosis. DNA was extracted from the whole blood of 163 control individuals and 282 patients with brucellosis. A polymorphism in the IL-4 gene at position 590 from the promoter site was determined using an allele-specific PCR method. The prevalence of the T allele of IL-4 polymorphism was significantly higher in the patients group than in controls (28.9% vs 11.4%, p<0.004). Patients with brucellosis had a higher frequency of intermediate producer genotype (CT) (53.5% vs 22.7%, p<0.001) while low producer genotype (CC) was higher in the control group (77.3% vs 44.4%). Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that patients who were heterozygous (CT) for interleukin-4 promoter polymorphism had a significantly higher risk for brucellosis with an odds ratio of 4.2 (95% CI 2.7–6.6, p<0.0001). Our findings demonstrate for the first time an association between IL-4 590 promoter polymorphism and contracting brucellosis in the Iranian population.
Stress, Coping, and Social Support in Hypothetically Psychosis-Prone Subjects

This paper examined stress processes in hypothetically psychosis-prone individuals. Subjects scoring high on Perceptual Aberration/Magical Ideation (Per-Mag subjects), Anhedonia, and low-scoring control subjects were compared for scores on Hassles and Uplifts, cognitive appraisal, coping strategies, emotions in two stressful situations, and on perceived social support. The groups differed in their experiences of minor life events and Secondary Appraisal but not in Primary Appraisal or emotions. There were notable differences in coping patterns and perceptions of social support. Per-Mag subjects contrasted with controls in using more coping by Escape-avoidance and Accepting responsibility, and reported less social support. Anhedonic subjects differed in their experience of minor life events and coped less through Positive reappraisal and Seeking social support. Per-Mag subjects are mainly distinguished by their coping processes. Anhedonic subjects are also sensitive to the incidence of minor life events. The results indicate that risk factors, stress, and coping interact in the absence of mental disorder.
WHY ARE RAPIDLY ROTATING M DWARFS IN THE PLEIADES SO (INFRA)RED? NEW PERIOD MEASUREMENTS CONFIRM ROTATION-DEPENDENT COLOR OFFSETS FROM THE CLUSTER SEQUENCE

Stellar rotation periods (Prot) measured in open clusters have proved to be extremely useful for studying stars’ angular momentum content and rotationally driven magnetic activity, which are both age- and mass-dependent processes. While Prot measurements have been obtained for hundreds of solar-mass members of the Pleiades, measurements exist for only a few low-mass (<0.5 M⊙) members of this key laboratory for stellar evolution theory. To fill this gap, we report Prot for 132 low-mass Pleiades members (including nearly 100 with M ≤ 0.45 M⊙), measured from photometric monitoring of the cluster conducted by the Palomar Transient Factory in late 2011 and early 2012. These periods extend the portrait of stellar rotation at 125 Myr to the lowest-mass stars and re-establish the Pleiades as a key benchmark for models of the transport and evolution of stellar angular momentum. Combining our new Prot with precise BVIJHK photometry reported by Stauffer et al. and Kamai et al., we investigate known anomalies in the photometric properties of K and M Pleiades members. We confirm the correlation detected by Kamai et al. between a star's Prot and position relative to the main sequence in the cluster's color–magnitude diagram. We find that rapid rotators have redder (V − K) colors than slower rotators at the same V, indicating that rapid and slow rotators have different binary frequencies and/or photospheric properties. We find no difference in the photometric amplitudes of rapid and slow rotators, indicating that asymmetries in the longitudinal distribution of starspots do not scale grossly with rotation rate.
Landmark recognition based on image characterization by segmentation points for autonomous driving

In order to achieve autonomous driving, recognition of road landmarks such as arrows, stop lines and pedestrian crossings is necessary. This research covers a new method for recognizing landmarks using a camera, based on image characterization by segmentation points. This method consists of extracting pre-determined features of landmarks and comparing them to a previously built database, which contains information on segmentation direction, feature descriptors and conditions, permitting landmark recognition even when landmarks are partially occluded. The concept of occlusion level based on landmark perimeter is also presented and used to increase recognition. The proposed method could recognize the tested landmarks (arrows, pedestrian crossings, stop lines) in 99.5%, which is higher than that of existing methods.
Literature Retrieval for Interdisciplinary Syntheses

THIS ARTICLE CONTAINS SUGGESTIONS for retrieval of bibliographic data: (1) by those interested in revealing interdisciplinarity, and (2) by those interested in being interdisciplinary. It is the latter who are most likely to produce interdisciplinary syntheses. Retrieval depends on bibliographic markers of various kinds, some of which divide disciplines. A major bibliographic indicator of interdisciplinarity is occurrence of the same marker on both sides of a disciplinary divide. Bibliographic markers, however, are not reliable for distinguishing lesser kinds of syntheses from high-level integrations ofsubstance. Dialog's RANK command is demonstrated as a means of revealing interdisciplinarity in any field, using various search terms as starting points in LC MARC-Books and the citation databases of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). Next discussed are retrieval techniques for persons who are interested in synthesizing work from their own discipline (e.g., library and information science) with work from another discipline. Searchers can begin with authors or subjects from outside their own field and learn how these have been used within it, or they can begin with authors or subjects from within their own field and learn how these have been used outside it. Examples are given for all retrieval techniques. Interspersed are discussions of creativity, the connection of hitherto unconnected literatures, the retrieval and assessment of syntheses, and the nature of library browsing.
Sensitivity of molecular vibrational dynamics to energy exchange rate constants

The sensitivity of molecular vibrational population dynamics, governing the CO laser operated in fundamental and overtone transitions, to vibration-to-vibration rate constants is investigated. With this aim, three rate constant sets have been used, differing in their completeness (i.e. accounting for single-quantum exchange only, or for multi-quantum exchange with a limited number of rate constants obtained by semiclassical calculations, and, finally, with an exhaustive set of rate constants including asymmetric exchange processes, as well) and in the employed interaction potential. The most complete set among these three is introduced in this paper. An existing earlier kinetic model was updated to include the latter new data. Comparison of data produced by kinetic modelling with the above mentioned sets of rate constants shows that the vibrational distribution function, and, in particular, the CO overtone laser characteristics, are very sensitive to the choice of the model. The most complete model predicts slower evolution of the vibrational distribution, in qualitative agreement with experiments.
Traducción y análisis psicométrico del Weight Pressures in Sport-Female en versión española

En el deporte competitivo la presion para obtener un buen rendimiento puede ser percibido por parte del deportista con presentar una determinada figura corporal. Esta percepcion puede conducir al desarrollo de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA). Con la finalidad de analizar los posibles factores de riesgo deportivos vinculados con la presion sobre la apariencia corporal Reel, Petrie, SooHoo y Anderson (2013) crearon y validaron, en lengua inglesa, el cuestionario Weight Pressures in Sport para mujeres deportistas (WPS-F). El presente estudio tiene como objetivo traducir al castellano el cuestionario y examinar sus propiedades psicometricas. Los participantes fueron 193 mujeres estudiantes del Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y el Deporte (Medad = 20.27 anos; DT = 3.01). Despues de eliminar 3 items, se propone una nueva estructura de 15 items y de dos factores, todos con favorable consistencia interna. Se obtuvo adecuada validez convergente con otras variables. Los resultados apuntan que la version espanola del WPS-F es una medida adecuada y valida para examinar los factores de riesgo vinculados con la presion por peso corporal en el deporte.
Enhancing stewardship of community-engaged research through governance.

OBJECTIVES We explored the relationship of community-engaged research final approval type (tribal government, health board, or public health office (TG/HB); agency staff or advisory board; or individual or no community approval) with governance processes, productivity, and perceived outcomes. METHODS We identified 294 federally funded community-engaged research projects in 2009 from the National Institutes of Health's Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Prevention Research Centers, and Native American Research Centers for Health databases. Two hundred (68.0%) investigators completed a survey about governance processes and productivity measures; 312 partners (77.2% of 404 invited) and 138 investigators (69.0% of 200 invited) completed a survey about perceived outcomes. RESULTS Projects with TG/HB approval had increased likelihood of community control of resources (odds ratios [ORs] ≥ 4.80). Projects with other approvals had decreased likelihood of development or revision of institutional review board policies (ORs ≤ 0.37), having written agreements (ORs ≤ 0.17), and agreements about publishing (ORs ≤ 0.28), data use (ORs ≤ 0.17), and publishing approval (ORs ≤ 0.14). CONCLUSIONS Community-engaged research projects with TG/HB approval had strong stewardship of project resources and agreements. Governance as stewardship protects community interests; thus, is an ethical imperative for communities, especially native communities, to adopt.
Dimensional control of block copolymer nanofibers with a π-conjugated core: crystallization-driven solution self-assembly of amphiphilic poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine).

With the aim of accessing colloidally stable, fiberlike, π-conjugated nanostructures of controlled length, we have studied the solution self-assembly of two asymmetric crystalline-coil, regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P3HT-b-P2VP) diblock copolymers, P3HT23-b-P2VP115 (block ratio=1:5) and P3HT44-b-P2VP115 (block ratio=ca. 1:3). The self-assembly studies were performed under a variety of solvent conditions that were selective for the P2VP block. The block copolymers were prepared by using Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions of azide-terminated P2VP and alkyne end-functionalized P3HT homopolymers. When the block copolymers were self-assembled in a solution of a 50% (v/v) mixture of THF (a good solvent for both blocks) and an alcohol (a selective solvent for the P2VP block) by means of the slow evaporation of the common solvent; fiberlike micelles with a P3HT core and a P2VP corona were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average lengths of the micelles were found to increase as the length of the hydrocarbon chain increased in the P2VP-selective alcoholic solvent (MeOH3 μm) fiberlike micelles were prepared by the dialysis of solutions of the block copolymers in THF against iPrOH. Furthermore the widths of the fibers were dependent on the degree of polymerization of the chain-extended P3HT blocks. The crystallinity and π-conjugated nature of the P3HT core in the fiberlike micelles was confirmed by a combination of UV/Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) measurements, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Intense sonication (iPrOH, 1 h, 0 °C) of the fiberlike micelles formed by P3HT23-b-P2VP115 resulted in small (ca. 25 nm long) stublike fragments that were subsequently used as initiators in seeded growth experiments. Addition of P3HT23-b-P2VP115 unimers to the seeds allowed the preparation of fiberlike micelles with narrow length distributions (L(w)/L(n) < 1.11) and lengths from about 100-300 nm, that were dependent on the unimer-to-seed micelle ratio.