Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progressive myopathy and defects in the maintenance of myotendinous junctions in mice that lack talin 1 in skeletal muscle

The development and function of skeletal muscle depend on molecules that connect the muscle fiber cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM). β 1 integrins are ECM receptors in skeletal muscle, and mutations that affect the α7β1 integrin cause myopathy in humans. In mice, β1 integrins control myoblast fusion, the assembly of the muscle fiber cytoskeleton, and the maintenance of myotendinous junctions (MTJs). The effector molecules that mediate β1 integrin functions in muscle are not known. Previous studies have shown that talin 1 controls the force-dependent assembly of integrin adhesion complexes and regulates the affinity of integrins for ligands. Here we show that talin 1 is essential in skeletal muscle for the maintenance of integrin attachment sites at MTJs. Mice with a skeletal muscle-specific ablation of the talin 1 gene suffer from a progressive myopathy. Surprisingly, myoblast fusion and the assembly of integrin-containing adhesion complexes at costameres and MTJs advance normally in the mutants. However, with progressive ageing, the muscle fiber cytoskeleton detaches from MTJs. Mechanical measurements on isolated muscles show defects in the ability of talin 1-deficient muscle to generate force. Collectively, our findings show that talin 1 is essential for providing mechanical stability to integrin-dependent adhesion complexes at MTJs, which is crucial for optimal force generation by skeletal muscle.
Mining Chemical Information in Various Forms: A Review

The exact recognition of chemical names in unstructured text is having applications like classification of documents, conversion of chemical names to its corresponding structure and to find the relationship between the chemicals. Due to the various nomenclature systems for chemical compounds, the task of identification of chemical entities is tough and computational tools can manage this complexity. In this review, we have discussed and integrated the extraction of chemical entities represented not only as text but as formulae or structures in chemical domain. We have surveyed the challenges, resources, feature sets, tasks, approaches and tools employed for chemical NER, Chemical Formulae and Chemical Structures extraction.
Product pattern-based camera calibration for microrobotics

Traditional macro camera calibration techniques use multiple images at multiple orientations to obtain the camera's internal and external calibration parameters. Microscopic camera calibration differs in this by limiting to only one image at fixed orientation (parallel to the image plane) and requiring a special calibration pattern. We propose a method to use the repetitive product pattern as calibration object. A parametric model of an optical microscope validates this approach by comparing the results from the product pattern with an industrial high-accuracy calibration pattern.
Measuring dark energy with the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect

I present to this conference our latest measurements of the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect. After a brief review of the reasons for which this effect arises and of the technique to detect it by cross-correlating the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with the large scale structure of the Universe (LSS), I describe the current state of the art measurement. This is obtained from a combined analysis of six different galaxy datasets, and has a significance level of ~ 4.5 sigma. I then describe the cosmological implications, which show agreement with a flat LCDM model with Omega_m = 0.20 +0.19 -0.11 at 95% confidence level. I finally show how these data can be used to constrain modified gravity theories, focusing in particular on the Dvali-Gabadaze-Porrati (DGP) model.
ShutUp: End-to-End Containment of Unwanted Traffic

While the majority of Denial-of-Service (DoS) defense proposals assume a purely infrastructure-based architecture, some recent proposals suggest that the attacking endhost may be enlisted as part of the solution, through tamper-proof software, network-imposed incentives, or user altruism. While intriguing, these proposals ultimately raise the deployment bar by requiring both the infrastructure and endhosts to cooperate. In this paper, we explore the design of a pure end-to-end architecture based on tamper-proof endhost software implemented for instance with trusted platforms and virtual machines. We present the design of a “Shutup Service”, whereby the recipient of unwanted traffic can ask the sender to slowdown or stop. We show that this service is effective in stopping DoS attacks, and in significantly slowing down other types of unwanted traffic such as worms. The Shutup service is incrementally deployable with buy-in from OS or antivirus vendors, requiring only minimal changes to the endhost software stack and no changes to the protocol stack. We show through experimentation that the service is effective and has little impact on legitimate traffic.
Convergence rates and asymptotic standard errors for Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for Bayesian probit regression

Summary. Consider a probit regression problem in which Y1, …, Yn are independent Bernoulli random variables such that where xi is a p‐dimensional vector of known covariates that are associated with Yi, β is a p‐dimensional vector of unknown regression coefficients and Φ(·) denotes the standard normal distribution function. We study Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for exploring the intractable posterior density that results when the probit regression likelihood is combined with a flat prior on β. We prove that Albert and Chib's data augmentation algorithm and Liu and Wu's PX‐DA algorithm both converge at a geometric rate, which ensures the existence of central limit theorems for ergodic averages under a second‐moment condition. Although these two algorithms are essentially equivalent in terms of computational complexity, results of Hobert and Marchev imply that the PX‐DA algorithm is theoretically more efficient in the sense that the asymptotic variance in the central limit theorem under the PX‐DA algorithm is no larger than that under Albert and Chib's algorithm. We also construct minorization conditions that allow us to exploit regenerative simulation techniques for the consistent estimation of asymptotic variances. As an illustration, we apply our results to van Dyk and Meng's lupus data. This example demonstrates that huge gains in efficiency are possible by using the PX‐DA algorithm instead of Albert and Chib's algorithm.
Boosting SVM Classifiers with Logistic Regression

The support vector machine classifier is a linear maximum margin classifier. It performs very well in many classification applications. Although, it could be extended to nonlinear cases by exploiting the idea of kernel, it might still suffer from the heterogeneity in the training examples. Since there are very few theories in the literature to guide us on how to choose kernel functions, the selection of kernel is usually based on a try-and-error manner. When the training set are imbalanced, the data set might not be linear separable in the feature space defined by the chosen kernel. In this paper, we propose a hybrid method by integrating “small” support vector machine classifiers by logistic regression models. By appropriately partitioning the training set, this ensemble classifier can improve the performance of the SVM classifier trained with whole training examples at a time. With this method, we can not only avoid the difficulty of the heterogeneity, but also have probability outputs for all examples. Moreover, it is less ambiguous than the classifiers combined with voting schemes. From our simulation studies and some empirical results, we find that these kinds of hybrid SVM classifiers are robust in the following sense: (1) It improves the performance (prediction accuracy) of the SVM classifier trained with whole training set, when there are some kind of heterogeneity in the training examples; and (2) it is at least as good as the original SVM classifier, when there is actually no heterogeneity presented in the training examples. We also apply this hybrid method to multi-class problems by replacing binary logistic regression models with polychotomous logistic regression models. Moreover, the polychotomous regression model can be constructed from individual binary logistic regression models.
The effect of row spacing on inter-row competition in sugarcane.

Knowledge of yield response to row spacing in sugarcane is contradictory and lacks understanding of the underlying mechanisms. This communication reports on an investigation into the impact of competition for light on crop development and growth for row spacings ranging from 0.63 to 2.79 m, as observed in an experiment conducted at Mount Edgecombe. Results show that intra-row interception of radiation peaked at the same time for all row spacings, and coincided with the occurrence of peak tiller population and peak green leaf number. Green leaf number declined sharply when inter-row interception of radiation exceeded 90%, which occurred progressively later as row spacing increased. Aboveground biomass and stalk yield were affected by competition at an early stage. The information obtained in this study could be used to refine and develop new concepts for modelling the effect of row spacing.
A QoS based network selection scheme for 4G systems with preplanner for emergency services

Wireless communication encapsulates the earth into a global village with its reach to every nook and corner of the globe. The fourth generation (4G systems) of wireless communication was expected to be up for grabs from 2010s. However, due to the complicated hardware required the evolution of technology into 4G has been sluggish. Since 4G services require the integration of all the existing communication services into a global standard, new advancements are required in technology to solve the issues in the path to progress. The main purpose of this paper is to find an effective solution for the network selection issue, which is one of the the primary obstacles in 4G communication systems. This paper discusses the Quality of Service (QoS) based network selection technique, which utilizes multiple performance parameters, with the proposal for introducing a preplanner module for emergency services. And also the paper tries to find out the effectiveness of the proposal from the results obtained through the simulation executed.
Formal Verification of Fault Tolerance Techniques in UML

Fault tolerant systems are designed to hide the effects of specific (anticipated) faults. If the system is specified and designed in a formal environment, behavioral equivalences can be used to examine the relationship between the ideal, fault-free behavior and the behavior in the presence of anticipated faults. [1] proposed a framework using LOTOS as the specification language and observational equivalence, which relates two systems to be equivalent if an external observer can not distinguish between them. In our work, we adopted this framework to UML (Unified Modeling Language [5]) as a specification and design language. To do this, at first extensions of the UML were necessary to define the relevant information which is to be compared. The next step was the elaboration of the transformation from UML behavioral diagrams to labeled transition systems on which equivalences can be checked by available tools. These steps will be described in the following sections.
On autonomous cooperative Underwater Floating Manipulation Systems

In this paper we present a novel co-operative control policy purely for the transportation of large objects in underwater environments using two free floating vehicles, each one endowed with a 7 D.O. F redundant manipulator. Due to the presence of harsh conditions in underwater scenarios, it is extremely important to realize algorithms that depend on a minimal amount of explicit information exchanged by the agent, or without any exchange of information at all. To achieve this goal the control policy proposed in the paper only requires the exchange of six numbers at each time instant, while however exhibiting extremely good performances, inspite of the restraints on the information exchange.
Low-complexity hybrid precoding algorithm based on orthogonal beamforming codebook

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication system provides large unlicensed spectrum which helps to achieve huge capacity leap in the next-generation wireless system. The capacity is further improved by precoding technique in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) transmission systems. Although the adoption of large antenna arrays in mmWave transceivers mitigates the huge path loss, it also increases hardware complexity of traditional digital precoding scheme. Hybrid precoding scheme, where signal is pre-processed in both analog and digital domains, is recently proposed to reduce the hardware cost. In this paper, an orthogonal beamforming codebook for two-dimensional (2D) channel environment is proposed to eliminate the efforts of searching for angle of departure (AoD). Then, by exploiting the orthogonality between beamforming vectors, a low-complexity algorithm of reconstructing hybrid precoder is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm requires only 32% of complex multiplications compared with state-of-the-art approach, while suffering from less than 5% of performance loss.
RoboCup Standard Platform League-rUNSWift 2010

Multi-agent robotic competitions such as RoboCup provide the motivation for a developmental research agenda – one that focuses on the evolution of complete working systems and their cognitive architectures. In this paper, we describe the components and integration of one such system – the 2010 RoboCup Standard Platform League entry rUNSWift. The realtime control architecture employed consists of a hierarchy of modules that implement functions of perception, world-modelling and behaviour generation. The system was successfully deployed in both soccer and challenge competitions.
patients from intergroup protocol 0129 promyelocytic leukemia: assessment of prognostic significance in adult mRNA in acute α Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis of PML-RAR

http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/content/101/7/2521.full. html Updated information and services can be found at: (3667 articles) Clinical Trials and Observations  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collections http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#repub_requests Information about reproducing this article in parts or in its entirety may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#reprints Information about ordering reprints may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/subscriptions/index.xhtml Information about subscriptions and ASH membership may be found online at:
The ignorant monopolist redux

The classical problem of the monopolist faced with an unknown demand curve is considered in a simple stochastic setting. Sequential pricing strategies designed to maximize discounted profits are shown to converge sufficiently rapidly that they leave the monopolist ignorant about all but the most local features of demand. The failure of the monopolist to 'learn' his demand curve would seem to call into question some standard assumptions about agents’ grasp of their economic environment.
Verifying Public Keys without Trust: How Anonymity Can Guarantee Data Integrity

Despite the inroads that public-key cryptography has made on the web, the difficulty of key management has for the most part kept it out of the hands of the general public. With key-distribution software for PGP beginning to natively support the anonymizing service Tor, we describe a protocol to take advantage of this, allowing users and identity holders to detect malicious keyservers with an known and arbitrarily small probability of failure, allowing users to safely exchange public keys across the internet without the need for certificate authorities.
The SESAR ATM information reference model within the new ATM system

The European Union aims to reform Air Traffic Management (ATM) in Europe to cope with sustained air traffic growth and to ensure that air traffic operates under the safest, most cost- and flight-efficient and environmentally friendly conditions. Therefore, the Single European Sky (SES) legislative framework, supplemented by its ATM Research (SESAR) program, aims to increase the overall performance of the ATM systems in Europe by developing the new generation pan-European interoperable ATM system [1]. A key enabler in achieving this is the implementation of System Wide Information Management (SWIM) [2]. SWIM consists of standards, infrastructure and governance enabling the management of ATM information and its exchange between qualified parties via interoperable services [3]. Interoperability needs to work at many levels. For example, it is crucial that: computer systems and services can be linked in order to exchange information; both service providers and consumers can understand and interpret the exchanged information in the same manner and; coordinated processes exist to allow different organizations to achieve their goals [4]. Interoperability also needs to be set in the appropriate political context if it is to succeed. This means that cooperating partners must have compatible visions, agreed priorities and focused objectives [4]. This paper, primarily, explores the need for “semantic interoperability” within new European ATM system. It introduces the notions of semantic correspondence, the SESAR ATM Information Reference Model (SESAR AIRM) [5] and the SESAR AIRM compliance framework. In addition, the paper describes an example service which complies semantically with the SESAR AIRM. It then looks at the next steps in the development of the SESAR AIRM and introduces the need to define an International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) AIRM as the appropriate political context for achieving semantic interoperability within the global ATM community.
Varying environments can speed up evolution

Simulations of biological evolution, in which computers are used to evolve systems toward a goal, often require many generations to achieve even simple goals. It is therefore of interest to look for generic ways, compatible with natural conditions, in which evolution in simulations can be speeded. Here, we study the impact of temporally varying goals on the speed of evolution, defined as the number of generations needed for an initially random population to achieve a given goal. Using computer simulations, we find that evolution toward goals that change over time can, in certain cases, dramatically speed up evolution compared with evolution toward a fixed goal. The highest speedup is found under modularly varying goals, in which goals change over time such that each new goal shares some of the subproblems with the previous goal. The speedup increases with the complexity of the goal: the harder the problem, the larger the speedup. Modularly varying goals seem to push populations away from local fitness maxima, and guide them toward evolvable and modular solutions. This study suggests that varying environments might significantly contribute to the speed of natural evolution. In addition, it suggests a way to accelerate optimization algorithms and improve evolutionary approaches in engineering.
An Information System in the Brain: Evidence from fMRI BOLD Responses

本研究採活化再現性分析方法（Liou et al., 2006），分析三組功能性磁共振造影視覺實驗資料，認知作業包括偵測變化的視覺注意力（visual attention in change detection）、物件導向的空間注意力（visual attention in objectbasedselection in space）、及語言轉換的數字認知（language switching in numerical cognition）等。 分析以個別受試者為主，且未將受試者資料校準至國際標準腦，以減少影像扭曲造成的誤差。 重要的分析結果包括︰（1）多數大腦皮質同時參予不同的視覺認知作業，且當受試者執行完作業並凝視螢幕中央「+」時的活化反應區，與執行空間注意力作業反應區相似。 此結果顯示，無論複雜或簡單的視覺認知作業，大腦皮質皆同時參予執行。 由於大腦為一完整的訊息系統，本研究建議功能性磁振造影實驗研究應重視大腦不同區域的功能性聯結（神經網路），而非特殊區域的活化反應（localization）。 （2）大腦聯絡皮質（associative regions）在所有作業中僅出現正向的反應，視覺皮質在所有作業中同時出現正向及負向反應，且與作業難度無關。 掌管注意力及記憶的非特殊皮質（non-specificregions）在被動觀看刺激時僅出現正向的反應，但在需集中注意力的作業中，會同時出現正向及負向反應。 由於聯絡皮質中γ-胺基丁酸（GABA）的濃度較其他皮質區少，且主要負責訊息的整合及長距離訊息傳輸，研究假設磁共振實驗中帶氧血紅素反應下降和γ-胺基丁酸的活動有關。 本研究最後提出三個重要的訊息傳遞迴路：注意力、記憶、及情緒，做為探討功能性聯結研究的參考。
An Impact of OCR Errors on Automated Classification of OCR Japanese Texts with Parts-of-Speech Analysis

The technology of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is used to generate texts in the process of digitizing print documents. Usually these texts need to be indexed and organized to simplify their access and retrieval. One of the powerful approaches in accomplishing this task is the use of Automated Text Classification. However, it is currently impossible for OCR technology to recognize all characters with an accuracy of 100%. We therefore propose the use of combined linguistic features in automated classification of OCR texts to formulate an informative feature set. The proposed method was experimentally evaluated using Japanese OCR texts. Empirical results indicate that the combination of linguistic features improved classification performance of OCR texts.
An Empirical Assessment of House Price Adjustments on Aggregate Consumption

This study measures the effect of changes in net housing and financial wealth on household consumption. The link between consumption, income and net wealth is measured within a Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares and a Dynamic Generalised Least Squares framework for the period Q2:1988-Q1:2003. It is found a permanent one dollar rise in housing wealth leads to a six cent increase in consumption, three times the effect of a one dollar rise in net financial wealth. A policy experiment is conducted to quantify the effect of a fall in house prices on aggregate consumption. The house price fall is defined as the price movement required to realign house prices to a steady state valuation using a price-to-rental yield indicator. If the required house price realignment were to occur over one year, it is estimated that household consumption would fall by 4.1 to 10.6 per cent.
A recurrent regulatory change underlying altered expression and Wnt response of the stickleback armor plates gene EDA

Armor plate changes in sticklebacks are a classic example of repeated adaptive evolution. Previous studies identified ectodysplasin (EDA) gene as the major locus controlling recurrent plate loss in freshwater fish, though the causative DNA alterations were not known. Here we show that freshwater EDA alleles have cis-acting regulatory changes that reduce expression in developing plates and spines. An identical T → G base pair change is found in EDA enhancers of divergent low-plated fish. Recreation of the T → G change in a marine enhancer strongly reduces expression in posterior armor plates. Bead implantation and cell culture experiments show that Wnt signaling strongly activates the marine EDA enhancer, and the freshwater T → G change reduces Wnt responsiveness. Thus parallel evolution of low-plated sticklebacks has occurred through a shared DNA regulatory change, which reduces the sensitivity of an EDA enhancer to Wnt signaling, and alters expression in developing armor plates while preserving expression in other tissues. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.05290. 001
Propulsion of a Swimming Micro Medical Robot

Medical doctors use radiology, endoscopy and smart pills to inspect the human body's inner content. Nowadays, self-propelled micro robots are developed to fulfill these tasks which use types of crawling techniques to advance. This paper suggests a novel swimming method, which creates a traveling wave in an elastic tail made of piezo-electric actuators, for propulsion of a micro-robot in the body. The novel swimming method was analyzed and optimized analytically by solving the coupled elastic/fluidic problem. It was found that under the extreme size limitations a tail manufactured by current MEMS technology is able to swim at the order of several mm/sec in water.