Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
User Perceptions of Private Paratransit Operation in Indonesia

In this paper, public perception is expressed by user participation in rating a travel mode’s condition and users' loyalty to it. The aim is to explore user perceptions of privately owned paratransit service operations, regarding quality of service, frequency of negative experience, and loyalty. The paper examines the condition of paratransit from the user’s point of view to balance the judgment from other stakeholders. Findings from path analysis reveal the key determinants that influence overall satisfaction. Moreover, path analysis supports the hypothesis that this mode will still be relevant in the future, as there is a community base that uses this mode faithfully. Binomial regression analysis explores the characteristics of this loyal user group. It can be concluded that the existence of paratransit in the future is still acceptable in developing countries such as Indonesia.
Transition into higher education : is the development of an academic social identity in psychology students important to achievement?

Identity has been recognised as a possible influence within education research and a student’s ability to achieve their full potential (Bluic, Ellis, Goodyear & Hendres, 2011). The current thesis explores identity in undergraduate Psychology students, in particular it provides a theoretical framework based on Social Identity Theory (Abrams & Hogg, 1990) for understanding how identity is developed. Transition is a time when identity is in flux (Gale & Parker, 2014) and therefore allows for a study identity change, development and the impact of this on attainment. The study took a mixed methods approach starting with two qualitative studies which explored identity processes in undergraduate students. It used a unique approach in Psychology by adopting a meta-ethnographical design (n=8) and an adapted form of Grounded Theory which allows for theory development through the integration of the original researcher’s analysis of the participant’s narratives across the eight papers (Noblit & Hare, 1988). A concept map provides an understanding of how transition and Social Identity Theory is integrated to facilitate identity change. A further qualitative study which uses a traditional focus group design and thematic analysis (n=18). Four themes emerged which present evidence for the importance of transition and identity for students. The qualitative studies also informed the development of a tool to measure Academic Social Identity. Validity and reliability was established through a number of iterations of Exploratory and Confirmatory factor analysis (n=205). The final psychometric scale includes items designed to measure normative processes, evaluation and emotion and reflect the theoretical framework of Social Identity Theory. The final study used a multiple regression analysis with ASI predicting GPA (n=71). The results indicated that the construct ASI had a strong relationship with academic achievement. The thesis discusses policy implications for institutional arrangements of student support services, transition and subject areas and a focus on attrition and student well-being.
The spatial structure of employment in the metropolitan region of Tokyo: A scale-view

ABSTRACT Despite Tokyo’s size and position in the global urban system, studies of its employment distribution have been few. This research identified the locations and ranks of the employment centers in the entire metropolitan region and analyzed the characteristics of the economic sectors in those centers by using fine scale economic census data. Minimum sizes for a center were explored at a range from as small as 250 by 250 m to 3,000 by 3,000 m, and the Local Indicators of Spatial Association technique was utilized for detecting centers in different ranks. The results showed that, from a regional view, Tokyo has a typical monocentric or concentric spatial structure. However, from a fine scale view, the distribution was revealed to be expanding along the railroads to the suburbs, and both the main central business district and the suburbs are polycentric. Through this research, the authors argue that rather than using thresholds of total employment and minimum densities as seen in the previous studies, centers can be effectively detected by comparing with the surrounding areas at different scales. This “scale-view” approach of center identification may provide a new perspective to other metropolitan regions of the world as well.
An Or-opt NSGA-II algorithm for multi-objective Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows

This paper focuses on a multi-objective model of Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW), where the total distance, the vehicle number, and the time penalty of customers are taken into account. NSGA-II has been performed as an efficient algorithm in solving multi-objective problems, and the Or-opt heuristic is well-known as one of the classic optimization algorithms. A hybrid algorithm involving both two algorithms above is introduced in this article. Data from the distribution center in Utica (Michigan, US.) has been tested with this hybrid algorithm in MATLAB. Faster running speed has been proved and some improvements in solutions have been shown.
0 Rapid Prototyping for Mobile Robots Embedded Control Systems

One of the main motivations of this work is to propitiate a virtual environment that facilitates development of archetypes of embedded systems, emphasizing implementation of tools that allow the simulation of kinematic, dynamic and control conditions, with real time monitoring of all important points of the system. In this way, the proposal of a virtual simulator of mobile robotic systems is presented together with techniques of rapid prototyping. The use of the rapid prototyping technique in mobile robotic systems differs from the traditional target used in mechanics engineering and enters in a new field of research and development for projects of mobile robots mechatronics systems. In this way, the rapid prototyping of these systems is associated not only with the project of the physical system, but mainly with the experimental implementations in the fields of hardware and software of the robotic system. In the context of this work, the rapid prototyping is the technology that allows, in conjunction with a simulation virtual environment, the development of a mobile robots controller project. After tested and validated in the simulator, the control system is programmed in the control onboard memory of the mobile robot. In this way, a economy of time and material are obtained, validating first all the model virtually for later operating the physical implementation of the system. It is fundamental that the architecture of hardware of the considered system be opened and flexible in the way of effecting the necessary modifications for system optimization. A proposal of open architecture system was presented in Melo et al. (2005) and summarized in this work. The software of the embedded control system of the mobile robot, in the context of the rapid prototyping, can be elaborated in simulators and have all the parameters tested for adjustments that makes necessary in accordance with the physical system to be implemented, the hardware architecture, the actuators and the sensors. In this way, in the context of this work, the rapid prototyping is then the methodology that allows the creation of a virtual environment of simulation for the project of a controller for mobile robots. After being tested and validated in the simulator, the control system is programmed in the control board memory of the mobile robot. In this way, an economy of time and material are obtained, firstly validating all the model virtually and later operating the physical implementation of the system (Dudek & Jekin, 2000). The choice of DSP TMS320C6474 multicore digital signal processor as main onboard manager device falls into two main factors. First, its great information and instructions processing 13
Multi-objective evolution and hinton analysis of minimal neural control structures in an autonomous wheeled robot for RF-localization behaviors

A number of studies have demonstrated the capability of ANNs for the required robot behaviors by using an evolutionary optimization technique in generating more complex robot controllers. Interestingly however, there is still a serious lack of research in exploring the application of Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization (EMO) algorithm in evolutionary robotics. In this paper, we investigate the utilization of a multi-objective approach in evolving artificial neural networks for a simulated autonomous Khepera robot. The generated neural network acts as a controller for radio frequency localization behavior of a Khepera robot. There are two conflicting objectives to be optimized during the evolution: (1) maximize the Khepera robot's behavior for homing towards a RF signal source and (2) minimize the number of hidden neurons used in the robot. The testing results showed the robots were capable to achieve the objective with very few hidden neurons used. Furthermore, the genetic structures of the generated controllers have been further analyzed using the Hinton analysis and the results obtained are presented next.
Of Gods and Goats: Weakly Supervised Learning of Figurative Art

The objective of this paper is to automatically annotate images of gods and animals in decorations on classical Greek vases. Such images often require expert knowledge in labelling. We start from a large dataset of images of vases with associated brief text descriptions. We develop a weakly supervised learning approach to solve the correspondence problem between the descriptions and unknown image regions. The approach progressively strengthens the supervision so that eventually a Deformable Part Model (DPM) sliding window detector can be learnt (for each god/animal) and used to annotate all vases by detection. There are two key steps: ﬁrst, text mining the vase descriptions to obtain clusters for each god where there is a visual consistency between at least a subset of the images; and second, discriminatively searching within these clusters for consistent regions that are used as positive training examples for the DPM. The method successfully annotates a large variety of Gods and other animals, and we include a quantitative evaluation over hundreds of images.
A Survey of Natural Language Query Builder Interface for Structured Databases using Dependency Parsing

Natural language query builder interface retrieves the required data from database when query is given in natural language. To retrieve the correct data from database, the user should have sufficient technical knowledge of Structured Query Language (SQL) statements. Natural Language Query Builder Interface (NLQBI) will solve this problem. In natural language parsing, getting highly accurate syntactic analysis is a crucial step. Parsing of natural languages can be seen as the process of mapping an input string or a sentence to its syntactic representation. One of the parsing technique is dependency parsing. Dependency parsing focuses on relations between words which resolve ambiguity. Most of the recent ef? cient algorithms for dependency parsing work by factoring the dependency trees. Graph based dependency parsing models are prevalent in dependency parsing because of their state-of-art accuracy and efficiency. This paper covers some recent developments in NLQBI systems and survey on dependency parsing techniques.
A re-evaluation of random-effects meta-analysis

Summary. Meta‐analysis in the presence of unexplained heterogeneity is frequently undertaken by using a random‐effects model, in which the effects underlying different studies are assumed to be drawn from a normal distribution. Here we discuss the justification and interpretation of such models, by addressing in turn the aims of estimation, prediction and hypothesis testing. A particular issue that we consider is the distinction between inference on the mean of the random‐effects distribution and inference on the whole distribution. We suggest that random‐effects meta‐analyses as currently conducted often fail to provide the key results, and we investigate the extent to which distribution‐free, classical and Bayesian approaches can provide satisfactory methods. We conclude that the Bayesian approach has the advantage of naturally allowing for full uncertainty, especially for prediction. However, it is not without problems, including computational intensity and sensitivity to a priori judgements. We propose a simple prediction interval for classical meta‐analysis and offer extensions to standard practice of Bayesian meta‐analysis, making use of an example of studies of ‘set shifting’ ability in people with eating disorders.
IM6D

We propose IM6D, a novel real-time magnetic motion-tracking system using multiple identifiable, tiny, lightweight, wireless and occlusion-free markers. It provides reasonable accuracy and update rates and an appropriate working space for dexterous 3D interaction. Our system follows a novel electromagnetic induction principle to externally excite wireless LC coils and uses an externally located pickup coil array to track each of the LC coils with 5-DOF. We apply this principle to design a practical motion-tracking system using multiple markers with 6-DOF and to achieve reliable tracking with reasonable speed. We also solved the principle's inherent dead-angle problem. Based on this method, we simulated the configuration of parameters for designing a system with scalability for dexterous 3D motion. We implemented an actual system and applied a parallel computation structure to increase the tracking speed. We also built some examples to show how well our system works for actual situations.
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) in Colorectal Tumors

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) - initially developed for the treatment of early gastric cancer in Japan - is an attractive option for en bloc resection of larger sessile or flat colorectal neoplasia. Methods: A review of the current literature on colorectal ESD was carried out. Results: In contrast to conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), ESD for larger colorectal neoplasia yields high en bloc resection rates and very low recurrence rates. The frequency of delayed bleeding is similar for EMR and ESD. Higher perforation rates during ESD are mostly due to microperforations identified and treated during the intervention, and are therefore of minor clinical relevance. A major disadvantage of ESD is the necessity for high-level endoscopic skills and long procedure times. ESD also has the potential to replace laparoscopic surgery or transanal endoscopic microsurgery mainly due to its lower complication rates. Conclusion: ESD for the resection of larger flat or sessile colorectal lesions has potential advantages over conventional EMR or minimally invasive surgery. Due to the low incidence of early gastric cancer, experience with ESD will remain limited in Western countries. The spread of colorectal ESD will depend on adequate training opportunities and also on modifications yielding a reduction in procedure time.
Differential Recruitment of the Hippocampus, Medial Prefrontal Cortex, and the Human Motion Complex during Path Integration in Humans

Path integration, the ability to sense self-motion for keeping track of changes in orientation and position, constitutes a fundamental mechanism of spatial navigation and a keystone for the development of cognitive maps. Whereas animal path integration is predominantly supported by the head-direction, grid, and place cell systems, the neural foundations are not well understood in humans. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a virtual rendition of a triangle completion paradigm to test whether human path integration recruits a cortical system similar to that of rodents and nonhuman primates. Participants traveled along two legs of a triangle before pointing toward the starting location. In accordance with animal models, stronger right hippocampal activation predicted more accurate updating of the starting location on a trial-by-trial basis. Moreover, between-subjects fluctuations in response consistency were negatively correlated with bilateral hippocampal and medial prefrontal activation, and bilateral recruitment of the human motion complex (hMT+) covaried with individual path integration capability. Given that these effects were absent in a perceptual control task, the present study provides the first evidence that visual path integration is related to the dynamic interplay of self-motion processing in hMT+, higher-level spatial processes in the hippocampus, and spatial working memory in medial prefrontal cortex.
The Core of an Extended Tree Game: A New Characterisation

Cost allocation problems on networks can be interpreted as cooperative games on a graph structure. In the classical standard tree game, the cost of a service delivered, by a source has to be allocated between homogeneous users at the vertices. But, modern networks have also the capacity to supply different (levels of) services. For example, a cable network that provides different television standards. Users that choose different levels of service can not be treated equally. The extended tree game accounts for such differences between users. Here, players are characterised by their level of demand, consequently the implications on the cost structure of the problem can be considered. We show how an ET-game can be formulated as the sum of unanimity games. This observation enables us to directly calculate theweighted Shapley values and to identify the core of an ET-game.
Reply to Simon's Comment on "Evidence for an Anisotropic State of Two-Dimensional Electrons in High Landau Levels"

We recently reported [PRL 82, 394 (1999)] large transport anisotropies in a two-dimensional electron gas in high Landau levels. These observations were made utilizing both square and Hall bar sample geometries. Simon recently commented [cond-mat/9903086] that a classical calculation of the current flow in the sample shows a magnification of an underlying anisotropy when using a square sample. In this reply we present more recent data obtained with a very high mobility sample, and reiterate that, with or without magnification, an anisotropic state develops in high Landau levels at very low temperatures.
A Randomized Pilot Trial of a Moderate Carbohydrate Diet Compared to a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet in Overweight or Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus or Prediabetes

We compared the effects of two diets on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and other health-related outcomes in overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes (HbA1c>6%). We randomized participants to either a medium carbohydrate, low fat, calorie-restricted, carbohydrate counting diet (MCCR) consistent with guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (n = 18) or a very low carbohydrate, high fat, non calorie-restricted diet whose goal was to induce nutritional ketosis (LCK, n = 16). We excluded participants receiving insulin; 74% were taking oral diabetes medications. Groups met for 13 sessions over 3 months and were taught diet information and psychological skills to promote behavior change and maintenance. At 3 months, mean HbA1c level was unchanged from baseline in the MCCR diet group, while it decreased 0.6% in the LCK group; there was a significant between group difference in HbA1c change favoring the LCK group (−0.6%, 95% CI, −1.1% to −0.03%, p = 0.04). Forty-four percent of the LCK group discontinued one or more diabetes medications, compared to 11% of the MCCR group (p = 0.03); 31% discontinued sulfonylureas in the LCK group, compared to 5% in the MCCR group (p = 0.05). The LCK group lost 5.5 kg vs. 2.6 kg lost in MCCR group (p = 0.09). Our results suggest that a very low carbohydrate diet coupled with skills to promote behavior change may improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes while allowing decreases in diabetes medications. This clinical trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01713764.
Directional Analysis of Texture Images Using Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix

Direction parameter thetas is one of the important parameters of GLCM (gray level co-occurrence matrix). A fixed angle (such as thetas=45deg) or the average of the measurements in four direction (thetas=0deg,45deg,90deg,135deg) were usually used in calculating GLCM. However, these methods are just empiristic idea, lacking of theoretical support. In fact, the above-mentioned idea are usually failed to describe the image texture, especially for those texture images with strong directional characteristics. In this paper we propose a new method of choosing the main direction of texture image by calculating the correlation of GLCMs of different direction. Through selecting the texture characteristics value of main direction, combine with the average of the measurements in other three directions, a set of characteristics which includes more texture information and rotation invariance were extracted. The experiments on Brodatz and Outex texture database show that the characteristic set we selected is more discriminate and more accurate.
Chinese Word Segmentation and Named Entity Recognition Based on a Context-Dependent Mutual Information Independence Model

This paper briefly describes our system in the third SIGHAN bakeoff on Chinese word segmentation and named entity recognition. This is done via a word chunking strategy using a context-dependent Mutual Information Independence Model. Evaluation shows that our system performs well on all the word segmentation closed tracks and achieves very good scalability across different corpora. It also shows that the use of the same strategy in named entity recognition shows promising performance given the fact that we only spend less than three days in total on extending the system in word segmentation to incorporate named entity recognition, including training and formal testing.
Integrins modulate the infection efficiency of West Nile virus into cells

The underlying mechanisms allowing West Nile virus (WNV) to replicate in a large variety of different arthropod, bird and mammal species are largely unknown but are believed to rely on highly conserved proteins relevant for viral entry and replication. Consistent with this, the integrin αvβ3 has been proposed lately to function as the cellular receptor for WNV. More recently published data, however, are not in line with this concept. Integrins are highly conserved among diverse taxa and are expressed by almost every cell type at high numbers. Our study was designed to clarify the involvement of integrins in WNV infection of cells. A cell culture model, based on wild-type and specific integrin knockout cell lines lacking the integrin subunits αv, β1 or β3, was used to investigate the susceptibility to WNV, and to evaluate binding and replication efficiencies of four distinct strains (New York 1999, Uganda 1937, Sarafend and Dakar). Though all cell lines were permissive, clear differences in replication efficiencies were observed. Rescue of the β3-integrin subunit resulted in enhanced WNV yields of up to 90 %, regardless of the virus strain used. Similar results were obtained for β1-expressing and non-expressing cells. Binding, however, was not affected by the expression of the integrins in question, and integrin blocking antibodies failed to have any effect. We conclude that integrins are involved in WNV infection but not at the level of binding to target cells.