Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drought Sensitivity of the Carbon Isotope Composition of Leaf Dark-Respired CO2 in C3 (Leymus chinensis) and C4 (Chloris virgata and Hemarthria altissima) Grasses in Northeast China

Whether photosynthetic pathway differences exist in the amplitude of nighttime variations in the carbon isotope composition of leaf dark-respired CO2 (δ13Cl) and respiratory apparent isotope fractionation relative to biomass (ΔR,biomass) in response to drought stress is unclear. These differences, if present, would be important for the partitioning of C3-C4 mixed ecosystem C fluxes. We measured δ13Cl, the δ13C of biomass and of potential respiratory substrates and leaf gas exchange in one C3 (Leymus chinensis) and two C4 (Chloris virgata and Hemarthria altissima) grasses during a manipulated drought period. For all studied grasses, δ13Cl decreased from 21:00 to 03:00 h. The magnitude of the nighttime shift in δ13Cl decreased with increasing drought stress. The δ13Cl values were correlated with the δ13C of respiratory substrates, whereas the magnitude of the nighttime shift in δ13Cl strongly depended on the daytime carbon assimilation rate and the range of nighttime variations in the respiratory substrate content. The ΔR,biomass in the C3 and C4 grasses varied in opposite directions with the intensification of the drought stress. The contribution of C4 plant-associated carbon flux is likely to be overestimated if carbon isotope signatures are used for the partitioning of ecosystem carbon exchange and the δ13C of biomass is used as a substitute for leaf dark-respired CO2. The detected drought sensitivities in δ13Cl and differences in respiratory apparent isotope fractionation between C3 and C4 grasses have marked implications for isotope partitioning studies at the ecosystem level.
Hypnosis for Management of Fibromyalgia

Abstract This randomized, controlled trial contrasted the effects of 5 not-standardized sessions of hypnosis over 2 months in 59 women with fibromyalgia who were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 30) or a wait-list control group (n = 29). Patients in the treated group were encouraged to practice self-hypnosis. Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), MOS–Sleep Scale, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), Cognitive Strategy Questionnaire (CSQ), and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) were administered at baseline, 3 months (M3), and 6 months (M6) after inclusion. Compared to the control, the hypnosis group reported better improvement on PGIC (p = .001 at M3, p = .01 at M6) and a significant improvement in sleep and CSQ dramatization subscale (both at M6).
Guidance in Web Applications Design

The paper introduces a new situational method for Web applications design. The purpose of the approach is to respond to the following limits of web development methods: they do not cover all design aspects and they lack of flexibility and guidance. The approach consists on the construction, on the fly, of new methods based on existing methods components, that are redefined and stored in method repository to be selected and assembled in a new method. The approach provides two types of guidance: (1) guidance in the selection of the most appropriate process-model, (2) guidance in the selection of the most appropriate method components.
FDDA: A Framework For Fast Detecting Source Attack In Web Application DDoS Attack

Anomaly detection techniques usually require a training phase in order to capture the normality traits (typical features) of a given system which is considered as in a state free of attack. The efficiency of detecting abnormal signals mainly depends on processing time and the quality of featured data learned from the training phase. In this research, we propose a framework for fast detecting DDoS attack (FDDA) which can improve the speed and efficiency in detecting an on-going DDoS attack to web application, and hence greatly reduce the training time. Our main idea is based on using an on-line scanning process where our detection algorithm looks for certain traits of DDoS attack using some specially designed techniques, which if occur then the algorithm rapidly builds a blacklist of requests and suspicious IPs that will be used in the filtering process in the next stage. The mentioned blacklist can be gradually updated during the whole process. The techniques for detecting traits of attack are developed based on some special criteria, which have been observed from the natural behaviors of the request sent from the attacking botnet. We believe that, even aware of these techniques, smart hackers will still find it very hard to escape from making these traits of behaviors.
Estimating Multinomial Choice Models using Cyclic Monotonicity

This paper proposes a new identification and estimation approach to semi-parametric multinomial choice models that easily applies to not only cross-sectional settings but also panel data settings with unobservable fixed effects. Our approach is based on cyclic monotonicity, which is a defining feature of the random utility framework underlying multinomial choice models. From the cyclic monotonicity property, we derive identifying inequalities without requiring any shape restriction for the distribution of the random utility shocks. These inequalities point identify model parameters under straightforward assumptions on the covariates. We propose a consistent estimator based on these inequalities, and apply it to a panel data set to study the determinants of the demand of bathroom tissue.
Women's Experiences: A Psychological Perspective

Women's Experiences provides a comprehensive introduction to the psychology of women by examining such topics as gender role development, women's motivation to achieve, relationships with friends and lovers, experiences of menstruation, women's experiences of violence, and women's mental health. Contemporary issues explored include women in the media, feminism among women of color, the effects of maternal employment, lesbian and gay parents, and choices about reproductive issues.
MULTIPLAYER XOR GAMES AND QUANTUM COMMUNICATION COMPLEXITY WITH CLIQUE-WISE ENTANGLEMENT

XOR games are a simple computational model with connections to many areas of com- plexity theory including interactive proof systems, hardness of approximation, and communication complexity. Perhaps the earliest use of XOR games was in the study of quantum correlations, as an experimentally realizable setup which could demonstrate non-local effects as predicted by quan- tum mechanics. XOR games also have an interesting connection to Grothendieck's inequality, a fundamental theorem of analysis—Grothendieck's inequality shows that two players sharing entan- glement can achieve at most a constant factor advantage over players following classical strategies in an XOR game. The case of multiplayer XOR games is much less well understood. Perez-Garc´oa et al. show the existence of entangled states which allow an unbounded advantage for players in a three-party XOR game over their classical counterparts. On the other hand, they show that when the players share GHZ states, a well studied multiparty entangled state, this advantage is bounded by a constant. We use a multilinear generalization of Grothendieck's inequality due to Blei and Tonge to simplify the proof of the second result and extend it to the case of so-called Schmidt states, answering an open problem of Perez-Garc´oa et al. Via a reduction given in that paper, this answers a 35-year-old problem in operator algebras due to Varopoulos, showing that the space of compact operators on a Hilbert space is a Q-algebra under Schur product. A further generalization of Grothendieck's inequality due to Carne lets us show that the gap between the entangled and classical value is at most a constant in any multiplayer XOR game in which the players are allowed to share combinations of GHZ states and EPR pairs of any dimension. Based on a result by Bravyi et al. this implies that in a three-party XOR game, players sharing an arbitrary stabilizer state cannot achieve more than a constant factor advantage over unentangled players. Finally, we discuss applications of our results to communication complexity. We show that the discrepancy method in communication complexity remains a lower bound in the multiparty model where the players have quantum communication and any of the kinds of entanglement discussed above. This answers an open question of Lee, Schechtman, and Shraibman who showed that discrepancy was a lower bound on multiparty communication complexity but were unable to handle the case of entanglement.
The Mesothelial Origin of Carcinoma Associated-Fibroblasts in Peritoneal Metastasis

Solid tumors are complex and unstructured organs that, in addition to cancer cells, also contain other cell types. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent an important population in the tumor microenviroment and participate in several stages of tumor progression, including cancer cell migration/invasion and metastasis. During peritoneal metastasis, cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, such as ovarian or gastrointestinal, disseminate through the peritoneal fluid and colonize the peritoneum. Tumor cells metastasize by attaching to and invading through the mesothelial cell (MC) monolayer that lines the peritoneal cavity, then colonizing the submesothelial compact zone where CAFs accumulate. CAFs may derive from different sources depending on the surrounding metastatic niche. In peritoneal metastasis, a sizeable subpopulation of CAFs originates from MCs through a mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), which promotes adhesion, invasion, vascularization and subsequent tumor growth. The bidirectional communication between cancer cells and MC-derived CAFs via secretion of a wide range of cytokines, growth factors and extracellular matrix components seems to be crucial for the establishment and progression of the metastasis in the peritoneum. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of novel advances in understanding how peritoneal CAFs provide cancer cells with a supportive microenvironment, as well as the development of future therapeutic approaches by interfering with the MMT in the peritoneum.
Inferring bike trip patterns from bike sharing system open data

Understanding bike trip patterns in a bike sharing system is important for researchers designing models for station placement and bike scheduling. By bike trip patterns, we refer to the large number of bike trips observed between two stations. However, due to privacy and operational concerns, bike trip data are usually not made publicly available. In this paper, instead of relying on time-consuming surveys and inaccurate simulations, we attempt to infer bike trip patterns directly from station status data, which are usually public to help riders find nearby stations and bikes. However, the station status data do not contain information about where the bikes come from and go to, therefore the same observations on stations might correspond to different underlying bike trips. To address this challenge, We conduct an empirical study on a sample bike trip dataset to gain insights about the inner structure of bike trips. We then formulate the trip inference problem as an ill-posed inverse problem, and propose a regularization technique to incorporate the a priori information about bike trips to solve the problem. We evaluate our method using real-world bike sharing datasets from Washington, D.C. Results show that our method effectively infers bike trip patterns.
Monadic I/O in Haskell 1.3

We describe the design and use of monadic I/O in Haskell 1.3, the latest revision of the lazy functional programming language Haskell. Haskell 1.3 standardises the monadic I/O mechanisms now available in many Haskell systems. The new facilities allow fairly sophisticated text-based application programs to be written portably in Haskell. The standard provides im-plementors with a exible framework for extending Haskell to incorporate new language features. Apart from the use of monads, the main advances over the previous standard are: character I/O based on handles (analogous to ANSI C le pointers), an error handling mechanism , terminal interrupt handling and a POSIX interface. Apart from a tutorial description of the new facilities we include a worked example: a derived monad for combinator parsing.
Bidirectional Pipelining for Scalable IP Lookup and Packet Classification

Both IP lookup and packet classification in IP routers can be implemented by some form of tree traversal. SRAM-based Pipelining can improve the throughput dramatically. However, previous pipelining schemes result in unbalanced memory allocation over the pipeline stages. This has been identified as a major challenge for scalable pipelined solutions. This paper proposes a flexible bidirectional linear pipeline architecture based on widely-used dual-port SRAMs. A search tree is partitioned, and then mapped onto pipeline stages by a bidirectional fine-grained mapping scheme. We introduce the notion of inversion factor and several heuristics to invert subtrees for memory balancing. Due to its linear structure, the architecture maintains packet input order, and supports non-blocking route updates. Our experiments show that, the architecture can achieve a perfectly balanced memory distribution over the pipeline stages, for both trie-based IP lookup and tree-based multi-dimensional packet classification. For IP lookup, it can store a full backbone routing table with 154419 entries using 2MB of memory, and sustain a high throughput of 1.87 billion packets per second (GPPS), i.e. 0.6 Tbps for the minimum size (40 bytes) packets. The throughput can be improved further to be 2.4 Tbps, by employing caching to exploit the Internet traffic locality.
Document Thumbnails with Variable Text Scaling

Document reader applications usually offer an overview of the layout for each page as thumbnail views. Reading the text in these becomes impossible when the font size becomes very small. We improve the readability of these thumbnails using a distortion method, which retains a readable font size of interesting text while shrinking less interesting text further. In contrast to existing approaches, our method preserves the global layout of a page and is able to show context around important terms. We evaluate our technique and show application examples.
The Rationale and Design of the Reducing Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease through Angiotensin TaRgeting (RADAR) Trial.

BACKGROUND Anti-hypertensives that modify the renin angiotensin system may reduce Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and reduce the rate of disease progression. OBJECTIVE To conduct a phase II, two arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of losartan to test the efficacy of Reducing pathology in Alzheimer's Disease through Angiotensin TaRgeting (RADAR). METHODS Men and women aged at least 55 years with mild-to-moderate AD will be randomly allocated 100 mg encapsulated generic losartan or placebo once daily for 12 months after successful completion of a 2-week open-label phase and 2-week placebo washout to establish drug tolerability. 228 participants will provide at least 182 subjects with final assessments to provide 84% power to detect a 25% difference in atrophy rate (therapeutic benefit) change over 12 months at an alpha level of 0.05. We will use intention-to-treat analysis, estimating between-group differences in outcomes derived from appropriate (linear or logistic) multivariable regression models adjusting for minimization variables. RESULTS The primary outcome will be rate of whole brain atrophy as a surrogate measure of disease progression. Secondary outcomes will include changes to 1) white matter hyperintensity volume and cerebral blood flow; 2) performance on a standard series of assessments of memory, cognitive function, activities of daily living, and quality of life. Major assessments (for all outcomes) and relevant safety monitoring of blood pressure and bloods will be at baseline and 12 months. Additional cognitive assessment will also be conducted at 6 months along with safety blood pressure and blood monitoring. Monitoring of blood pressure, bloods, and self-reported side effects will occur during the open-label phase and during the majority of the post-randomization dispensing visits. CONCLUSION This study will identify whether losartan is efficacious in the treatment of AD and whether definitive Phase III trials are warranted.
AUTOMATIC IMAGE SEQUENCE REGISTRATION BASED ON A LINEAR SOLUTION AND SCALE INVARIANT KEYPOINT MATCHING

Automatic registration of image sequences has been a subject of research for many years, both in the photogrammetric and computer vision communities. As part of the automation, linear orientation methods are used to obtain approximations for a subsequent bundle adjustment solution. Linear solutions can be at time "too general" particularly in a sense that they mostly employ uncalibrated cameras, a fact leading to severely unstable results in most photogrammetric problems such as the case for the direct linear transformation (DLT) in a nearly flat terrain. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, none of them handle more than two or three images simultaneously without imposing several theoretical constraints that cannot be guaranteed in practical imaging missions. In this paper a sub-optimal linear solution for the exterior orientation parameters of image sequences is developed. The proposed method is demonstrated on an aerial image strip. The paper shows that the method successfully generates reliable and accurate approximations both for the orientation parameters as well as for tie point coordinates. For an automatic extraction of the latter, the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm is applied.
The New Science of the Mind: From Extended Mind to Embodied Phenomenology

There is a new way of thinking about the mind that does not locate mental processes exclusively "in the head. " Some think that this expanded conception of the mind will be the basis of a new science of the mind. In this book, leading philosopher Mark Rowlands investigates the conceptual foundations of this new science of the mind. The new way of thinking about the mind emphasizes the ways in which mental processes are embodied (made up partly of extraneural bodily structures and processes), embedded (designed to function in tandem with the environment), enacted (constituted in part by action), and extended (located in the environment). The new way of thinking about the mind, Rowlands writes, is actually an old way of thinking that has taken on new form. Rowlands describes a conception of mind that had its clearest expression in phenomenology -- in the work of Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, and Merleau-Ponty. He builds on these views, clarifies and renders consistent the ideas of embodied, embedded, enacted, and extended mind, and develops a unified philosophical treatment of the novel conception of the mind that underlies the new science of the mind.
Nuclear Localization Signal-Enhanced Polyurethane-Short Branch Polyethylenimine-Mediated Delivery of Let-7a Inhibited Cancer Stem-Like Properties by Targeting the 3′-UTR of HMGA2 in Anaplastic Astrocytoma

Anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) is a grade III glioma that often occurs in middle-aged patients and presents a uniformly poor prognosis. A small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) possessing a self-renewing capacity is reported to be responsible for tumor recurrence and therapeutic resistance. An accumulating amount of microRNAs (miRNA) were found aberrantly expressed in human cancers and regulate CSCs. Efforts have been made to couple miRNAs with nonviral gene delivery approaches to target specific genes in cancer cells. However, the efficiency of delivery of miRNAs to AA-derived CSCs is still an applicability hurdle. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and applicability of nonviral vector-mediated delivery of Let-7a with regard to eradication of AA and AA-derived CSC cells. Herein, our miRNA/mRNA microarray and RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of Let-7a, a tumor-suppressive miRNA, is inversely correlated with the levels of HMGA2 and Sox2 in the AA side population (SP+) cells. Luciferase reporter assay showed that Let-7a directly targets the 3′-UTRs of HMGA2 in AA-SP+ cells. Knockdown of HMGA2 significantly suppressed the protein expression of Sox2 in AA-SP+ cells, whereas overexpression of HMGA2 upregulated Sox2 expression in AA-SP-. Nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptides can facilitate nuclear targeting of DNA and are used to improve gene delivery. Using polyurethane-short branch polyethylenimine (PU-PEI) as a therapeutic delivery vehicle, we conjugated NLS with Let-7 and successfully delivered it to AA-SP+ cells, resulting in significantly suppressed expression of HMGA2 and Sox2, tumorigenicity, and CSC-like abilities. This treatment facilitated the differentiation of AA-SP+ cells into non-SP CSCs. Furthermore, PU-PEI-mediated delivery of NLS-conjugated Let-7a in AA-SP+ cells suppressed the expression of drug-resistant and antiapoptotic genes, and increased cell sensitivity to radiation. Finally, the in vivo delivery of PU-PEI-NLS-Let-7a significantly suppressed the tumorigenesis of AA-SP+ cells and synergistically improved the survival rate of orthotopically AA-SP+-transplanted immunocompromised mice when combined with radiotherapy. Therefore, PU-PEI-NLS-Let-7a is a potential novel therapeutic approach for AA.
Exploring Relationships Among Occupational Safety, Job Turnover, and Age Among Home Care Aides in Maine

As the U.S. population ages, the number of people needing personal assistance in the home care setting is increasing dramatically. Personal care aides and home health workers are currently adding more jobs to the economy than any other single occupation. Home health workers face physically and emotionally challenging, and at times unsafe, work conditions, with turnover rates ranging from 44 percent to 65 percent annually. As part of a mixed-method, longitudinal study in Maine examining turnover, interviews with 252 home care aides were analyzed thematically. Responses to interview questions regarding the job’s impact on health and safety, the adequacy of training, and the level of agency responsiveness were examined. Emergent themes, indicating some contradictory perspectives on workplace safety, quality of training, and agency support, were compared across three variables: job termination, occupational injury, and age. Implications for increasing occupational safety and job retention are discussed.
Computational Identification of Uncharacterized Cruzain Binding Sites

Chagas disease, caused by the unicellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, claims 50,000 lives annually and is the leading cause of infectious myocarditis in the world. As current antichagastic therapies like nifurtimox and benznidazole are highly toxic, ineffective at parasite eradication, and subject to increasing resistance, novel therapeutics are urgently needed. Cruzain, the major cysteine protease of Trypanosoma cruzi, is one attractive drug target. In the current work, molecular dynamics simulations and a sequence alignment of a non-redundant, unbiased set of peptidase C1 family members are used to identify uncharacterized cruzain binding sites. The two sites identified may serve as targets for future pharmacological intervention.
Deutschsprachige Normen für Vertreter von 48 Kategorien.

Les As. proposent les normes de categories allemandes obtenues pour les representants de 48 categories conceptuelles a partir de 100 sujets. Les sujets avaient pour instruction de produire pour chaque categorie autant d'items que possibles. Pour chaque reponse a une categorie, les As. presentent la frequence totale d'occurrence et le nombre de fois ou chaque reponse est donnee pour la premiere fois dans la sequence de reponse. Les statistiques descriptives pour chaque categorie incluent : la fiabilite, le nombre de reponses differentes et la somme totale des reponses donnees par tous les sujets. Les resultats de cette etude sont compares a ceux obtenus par Mannhaupt (1983)