Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Declarative Information Extraction in a Probabilistic Database System

Full-text documents represent a large fraction of the world’s data. Although not structured per se, they often contain snippets of structured information within them: e.g., names, addresses, and document titles. Information Extraction (IE) techniques identify such structured information in text. In recent years, database research has pursued IE on two fronts: declarative languages and systems for managing IE tasks, and IE as an uncertain data source for Probabilistic Databases. It is natural to consider merging these two directions, but efforts to do so have had to compromise on the statistical robustness of IE algorithms in order to fit with early Probabilistic Database models. In this paper, we bridge the gap between these ideas by implementing a state-of-the-art statistical IE approach – Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) – in the setting of Probabilistic Databases that treat statistical models as first-class data objects. Using standard relational tables to capture CRF parameters, and inverted-file representations of text, we show that the Viterbi algorithm for CRF inference can be specified declaratively in recursive SQL, in a manner that can both choose likely segmentations, and provide detailed marginal distributions for label assignment. Given this implementation, we propose query processing optimizations that effectively combine probabilistic inference and relational operators such as selections and joins. In an experimental study with two data sets, we demonstrate the efficiency of our in-database Viterbi implementation in PostgreSQL relative to an open-source CRF library, and show the performance benefits of our optimizations.
Learning Structured Hough Voting for Joint Object Detection and Occlusion Reasoning

We propose a structured Hough voting method for detecting objects with heavy occlusion in indoor environments. First, we extend the Hough hypothesis space to include both object location and its visibility pattern, and design a new score function that accumulates votes for object detection and occlusion prediction. In addition, we explore the correlation between objects and their environment, building a depth-encoded object-context model based on RGB-D data. Particularly, we design a layered context representation and allow image patches from both objects and backgrounds voting for the object hypotheses. We demonstrate that using a data-driven 2.1D representation we can learn visual codebooks with better quality, and more interpretable detection results in terms of spatial relationship between objects and viewer. We test our algorithm on two challenging RGB-D datasets with significant occlusion and intraclass variation, and demonstrate the superior performance of our method.
Speaker diarization of broadcast streams using two-stage clustering based on i-vectors and cosine distance scoring

In this paper we present our system for speaker diarization of broadcast news based on recent advances in the speaker recognition field. In the system, speaker segments determined by the speaker change-point detector are represented by i-vectors and similarity of segments' speakers evaluated using cosine distance scoring. Linear discriminant analysis is employed to cope with intra-speaker variability. The experiments were carried out using the COST278 multilingual broadcast news database. We demonstrate improvement of the performance over the baseline system based on the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and highlight significant impact of cepstral mean normalization. Finally, two-stage clustering employing BIC-based clustering to pre-cluster segments in the first stage is examined and showed to yield further performance improvement. The best performing configuration of our system achieved 52.4% relative improvement of the speaker error rate over the baseline.
Understanding the Strengths and SDtrategies of Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Young Women

This study aim ed to identify the strengths and strategies o f unaccom panied young women in hopes of developing a com prehension for their goals and needs and ultimately improving care measures. Attention was paid to how they view and def ine themselves in contrast to how they are viewed and defined by professionals. Method: The investigation entailed semi-structured interviews with te n professionals and two unaccompanied young wom en as well as inte rviews of four unaccompanied youn g women from an external study. A them atic approach was used to analyse the data. Results: Six m ajor th emes were iden tified in th e in terviews Strengths, Stress Management, Goals, Needs in Treatment, Needs in Efforts and Notions. The young women cited both inner (self-reliance) a nd outer (m usic, God and m emories of parents) sources of strength. The professi onals reported mostly inner sources of strength (gratitude, m aturity, positive em otions, goal consciousness and courage) for the young women. Religious belief and educa tion were emphasized across themes by both respondents groups. Conclusions: This is a heterogeneous group. More questions directed to the young wom en are needed, making them agents in activity creation both at school and hom e. Curiosity for the young wom en’s hopes and future plans as well as a system atic approach to culture and religion is required. Single-sex homes are needed a nd m ultiple reloc ations avoided. Practice implications: Understanding of the young wom en s values and culture instead of focus on their “weaknesses” can help practitioners provide guidance towards desired outcomes. Understanding the Strengths and Strategies of Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Young Women Angela Royo & Robyne Klingenberg
On the Inherent Relationality of the Unconscious: Reply to Commentary

Because I consider the unconscious to be inherently relational, I do not see a need to use the term relational unconscious, where unconscious would suffice. The unconscious is defined by its inaccessibility; it underlies all human affairs, irrespective of the number of people involved. The minimum unit of observation in clinical psychoanalysis includes two people and a context. My approach to the interpretive process is that of a free-floating dialogue between analyst and patient, a verbal play, equivalent to Winnicott's “squiggle game,” which allows the emergence of a new pattern in their mutual communication, thus developing new meanings. The interpretive process is, therefore, an unconscious mental evolution, independent from both parties' conscious will and control, which generates an ever-increasing awareness in their relation. The interweaving of their mental processes generates shared unconscious bastions of resistance, which need be identified and analyzed. This is a universal phenomenon, a necessary phase in the development of insight. I discuss the reviewer's comments and additional interpretations of the underlying dynamics of the clinical vignette presented in my original article, showing their points of agreement and disagreement.
Gibberellin Deficiency Confers Both Lodging and Drought Tolerance in Small Cereals

Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] and finger millet [Eleusine coracana Gaertn] are staple cereal crops in Africa and Asia with several desirable agronomic and nutritional properties. Tef is becoming a life-style crop as it is gluten-free while finger millet has a low glycemic index which makes it an ideal food for diabetic patients. However, both tef and finger millet have extremely low grain yields mainly due to moisture scarcity and susceptibility of the plants to lodging. In this study, the effects of gibberellic acid (GA) inhibitors particularly paclobutrazol (PBZ) on diverse physiological and yield-related parameters were investigated and compared to GA mutants in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The application of PBZ to tef and finger millet significantly reduced the plant height and increased lodging tolerance. Remarkably, PBZ also enhanced the tolerance of both tef and finger millet to moisture deficit. Under moisture scarcity, tef plants treated with PBZ did not exhibit drought-related symptoms and their stomatal conductance was unaltered, leading to higher shoot biomass and grain yield. Semi-dwarf rice mutants altered in GA biosynthesis, were also shown to have improved tolerance to dehydration. The combination of traits (drought tolerance, lodging tolerance and increased yield) that we found in plants with altered GA pathway is of importance to breeders who would otherwise rely on extensive crossing to introgress each trait individually. The key role played by PBZ in the tolerance to both lodging and drought calls for further studies using mutants in the GA biosynthesis pathway in order to obtain candidate lines which can be incorporated into crop-breeding programs to create lodging tolerant and climate-smart crops.
PRUNING DATASETS IN DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS: A DTI STUDY TO SCHIZOPHRENIA

A comparative study is commonly performed by means of pre-defined or expert selected region of interest (ROI)-analysis or voxel based analysis (VBA). In contrast to these methods, correlations within the data can be modeled by using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The mapping computed by PCA/LDA is displayed to identify the discriminative regions. A technique called 'pruning' is introduced to iteratively discard misclassified subjects from the cohort. These subjects reside in the region in feature space where the classes are overlapping. As the exact cause of this overlapping is unknown, it is preferable to base the mapping merely on representative prototypes, residing in the nonoverlapping parts of the feature space. After pruning the PCA/LDA mapping, a more pronounced decrease in FA in larger parts of the corpus callosum was observed, compared to conventional VBA
Sparse interacting Gaussian processes: Efficiency and optimality theorems of autonomous crowd navigation

We study the sparsity and optimality properties of crowd navigation and find that existing techniques do not satisfy both criteria simultaneously: either they achieve optimality with a prohibitive number of samples or tractability assumptions make them fragile to catastrophe. For example, if the human and robot are modeled independently, then tractability is attained but the planner is prone to overcautious or overaggressive behavior. For sampling based motion planning of joint human-robot cost functions, for nt agents and T step lookahead, 0(22ntT) samples are needed for coverage of the action space. Advanced approaches statically partition the action space into free-space and then sample in those convex regions. However, if the human is moving into free-space, then the partition is misleading and sampling is unsafe: free space will soon be occupied. We diagnose the cause of these deficiencies — optimization happens over trajectory space — and propose a novel solution: optimize over trajectory distribution space by using a Gaussian process (GP) basis. We exploit the “kernel trick” of GPs, where a continuum of trajectories are captured with a mean and covariance function. By using the mean and covariance as proxies for a trajectory family we reason about collective trajectory behavior without resorting to sampling. The GP basis is sparse and optimal with respect to collision avoidance and robot and crowd intention and flexibility. GP sparsity leans heavily on the insight that joint action space decomposes into free regions; however, the decomposition contains feasible solutions only if the partition is dynamically generated. We call our approach 0(2nt)-sparse interacting Gaussian processes.
Implementing the design of smart home and achieving energy conservation

The idea of smart home originated from the concept of home automation, and this goal was based on the availability of a smart home network for devices to communicate. Even though solutions for the home network have been discussed for years, and networking technologies over different media such as power line, phone line and Ethernet have been tested and found functional satisfaction, the applications of smart home were not found popular. This is because a gap remaining between users' habits and the services offered by the so called ‘smart appliances’, including information and communication devices and network-enabled white goods. In this article, a proposal to integrate different groups of smart appliances and deliver more value-added services will be introduced. More details about the development and implementation of the key technologies for the smart home network, smart appliances and value-added services will be described.
A Method for Visualization of Incoming Adenovirus Chromatin Complexes in Fixed and Living Cells

Inside the adenovirus virion, the genome forms a chromatin-like structure with viral basic core proteins. Core protein VII is the major DNA binding protein and was shown to remain associated with viral genomes upon virus entry even after nuclear delivery. It has been suggested that protein VII plays a regulatory role in viral gene expression and is a functional component of viral chromatin complexes in host cells. As such, protein VII could be used as a maker to track adenoviral chromatin complexes in vivo. In this study, we characterize a new monoclonal antibody against protein VII that stains incoming viral chromatin complexes following nuclear import. Furthermore, we describe the development of a novel imaging system that uses Template Activating Factor-I (TAF-I/SET), a cellular chromatin protein tightly bound to protein VII upon infection. This setup allows us not only to rapidly visualize protein VII foci in fixed cells but also to monitor their movement in living cells. These powerful tools can provide novel insights into the spatio-temporal regulation of incoming adenoviral chromatin complexes.
The Influence of Climacteric Symptoms on Women’s Lives and Activities

In the present study, we performed an analysis of the influence of climacteric symptoms on women’s lives and activities, i.e. their quality of life (QoL). The study was performed between October 2011 and February 2012. It included 148 women aged 44–62. The study used a diagnostic survey with questionnaires. The research instrument was the Blatt-Kupperman index. The respondents were asked to complete a questionnaire on socio-demographic data, quality of life, and the influence of climacteric symptoms on life and its various aspects. The respondents experiencing moderate or severe climacteric symptoms also had stronger feelings of failure (p = 0.005), feeling that opportunities are still available (p = 0.002), of losing their youth and beauty (p < 0.0001), compared to those who had slight or no symptoms. The intensity of climacteric symptoms significantly affects women’s lives and activities, i.e., their QoL. The reported intensity of climacteric symptoms is influenced by the respondents’ education, residence, marital status and professional activity. The more severe the climacteric symptoms, the lower the women’s quality of life, as evidenced for example by the feeling of failure and of losing one’s youth, beauty and opportunities.
Review and perspective: neuromechanical considerations for predicting muscle activation patterns for movement

Muscle coordination may be difficult or impossible to predict accurately based on biomechanical considerations alone because of redundancy in the musculoskeletal system. Because many solutions exist for any given movement, the role of the nervous system in further constraining muscle coordination patterns for movement must be considered in both healthy and impaired motor control. On the basis of computational neuromechanical analyses of experimental data combined with modeling techniques, we have demonstrated several such neural constraints on the temporal and spatial patterns of muscle activity during both locomotion and postural responses to balance perturbations. We hypothesize that subject‐specific and trial‐by‐trial differences in muscle activation can be parameterized and understood by a hierarchical and low‐dimensional framework that reflects the neural control of task‐level goals. In postural control, we demonstrate that temporal patterns of muscle activity may be governed by feedback control of task‐level variables that represent the overall goal‐directed motion of the body. These temporal patterns then recruit spatially‐fixed patterns of muscle activity called muscle synergies that produce the desired task‐level biomechanical functions that require multijoint coordination. Moreover, these principles apply more generally to movement, and in particular to locomotor tasks in both healthy and impaired individuals. Overall, understanding the goals and organization of the neural control of movement may provide useful reduced dimension parameter sets to address the degrees‐of‐freedom problem in musculoskeletal movement control. More importantly, however, neuromechanical analyses may lend insight and provide a framework for understanding subject‐specific and trial‐by‐trial differences in movement across both healthy and motor‐impaired populations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constrained Least-Squares Density-Difference Estimation

We address the problem of estimating the difference between two probability den- sities. A naive approach is a two-step procedure thatrst estimates two densities separately and then computes their difference. However, such a two-step procedure does not necessarily work well because therst step is performed without regard to the second step and thus a small error in therst stage can cause a big error in the second stage. Recently, a single-shot method called the least-squares density- difference (LSDD) estimator has been proposed. LSDD directly estimates the den- sity difference without separately estimating two densities, and it was demonstrated to outperform the two-step approach. In this paper, we propose a variation of LSDD called the constrained least-squares density-difference (CLSDD) estimator, and the- oretically prove that CLSDD improves the accuracy of density difference estimation for correctly specied parametric models. The usefulness of the proposed method is also demonstrated experimentally.
TREC 2002 Interactive Track Report

An electrically operated warhead enable switch utilizes a dual solenoid drive mechanism in conjunction with a DC lock solenoid mechanism to sense a plurality of unique enable signals and in response thereto permits the driving of a differential which is mechanically coupled to a biased output shaft. The output shaft when rotated a specific number of degrees closes the terminals of a plurality of functioning switches and thereby allows the enabling of a missile's warhead circuitry.
The Coverage – CapacityTradeof in Cellular CDMA Systems V

In cellular CDMA systems that employ single-user detectors, in-cell interference limits the coverage of the cell. Thus for a given upper limit on transmit power, the coverage of a cell is inversely proportional to the number of users in it. This tradeoff between coverage and number of users is explicitly characterized here. Our analysis may be used in cellular planning to set hard limits on the number of users admitted into the cell in order to meet coverage requirements. Furthermore, our approach allows us to arrive at a precise definition for the pole capacity of a cell, which serves as an upper bound on the number of users a cell can support as the coverage shrinks to zero. We also present a technique to calculate cell coverage as a function of carried traffic, for any given admission policy.
Body mass estimation from knee breadth, with application to early hominins.

OBJECTIVES The estimation of living body mass from skeletal dimensions is an important component of many studies of early hominins and more recent human archaeological remains. Most previous investigations have concentrated on weight-bearing elements of the lower limb, in particular the femoral head. In this study, we develop new body mass estimation equations derived from measurements of the knee in a modern sample of known body mass, and use them to estimate body mass in 11 fossil hominin specimens (including Au. africanus, Au. afarensis, and early Homo). MATERIALS AND METHODS The reference sample consisted of 100 living subjects who participated in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Mediolateral breadth measurements were taken from radiographs of the knee, and regressed against recorded body weight to generate body mass estimation equations. RESULTS Knee dimensions were generally found to be good predictors of body mass in the modern human sample, with median absolute percent prediction errors of 7 to 9% (comparable to or better than previously reported equations derived from the femoral head). Taxon-average estimated body masses were 46.1 kg for Au. afarensis, 38.4 kg for Au. africanus, and 53.6 kg for early Homo. DISCUSSION Estimates for early Homo were similar to or smaller than those generated previously from the femoral head. Estimates for australopiths, however, were larger than those generated from femoral head equations. This result is consistent with other evidence that the femoral head was relatively unloaded in australopiths compared with Homo, possibly due to subtle differences in gait. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:198-208, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The historical milestones in the understanding of leukocyte biology initiated by Elie Metchnikoff

Progress in science is made with key discoveries, correct analyses, wrong statements, and disputes within the scientific community. Despite scientific controversies, Elie Metchnikoff has allowed the theory of phagocytes to triumph. Starting his career as a zoologist, Metchnikoff became a pathologist, beautifully defining the role of monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils during inflammation and innate immunity. The discoveries of immune cells were made by other outstandings scientists, such as Paul Ehrlich, whose key contributions to humoral immunity led him to share the Nobel Prize with Metchnikoff. Ludwig Aschoff grouped certain cells under the term RES, according to their propensity for absorbing and storing vital stains. This classification was not always a source of accurate discoveries, and research on the exact function of RES cells led to some wanderings. This is illustrated by studies about the nature of the antibody‐producing cells, which were first thought to belong to the RES, before being identified as plasmocytes and lymphocytes.
Asymptotic flatness in rainbow gravity

Conformal infinity in null and spatial directions is constructed for the rainbow flat spacetime corresponding to doubly special relativity. From this construction a definition of asymptotic DSRness is put forward which is compatible with the correspondence principle of rainbow gravity. Furthermore, a result equating asymptotically flat spacetimes with asymptotically DSR spacetimes is presented.
A BDD-based frontend for retargetable compilers

We present a unified frontend for retargetable compilers that performs analysis of the target processor model. Our approach bridges the gap between structural and behavioral processor models for retargetable compilation. This is achieved by means of instruction set extraction. The extraction technique is based on a BDD data structure which significantly improves control signal analysis in the target processor compared to previous approaches. <<ETX>>
People-Friendly Organizations: Why We Need an Alternative Default Model

Why, when they are challenging men’s performance at every academic level in the developed world and, in spite of all the efforts made to avoid discriminatory practices, do women still fail to secure the top positions in the workplace? Why do they gravitate toward certain occupations? Given what we know about the differences between male and female functioning, is it not time to create inclusive, people-friendly organizations more appropriate to 21st century? In this paper we try to give answers to these questions, deal with the issue whether the kinds of organizational structures and practices that attract women might also benefit men, and ask whether the male-oriented default position of organizational design has had its day.