Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Casting Implicit Role Linking as an Anaphora Resolution Task

Linking implicit semantic roles is a challenging problem in discourse processing. Unlike prior work inspired by SRL, we cast this problem as an anaphora resolution task and embed it in an entity-based coreference resolution (CR) architecture. Our experiments clearly show that CR-oriented features yield strongest performance exceeding a strong baseline. We address the problem of data sparsity by applying heuristic labeling techniques, guided by the anaphoric nature of the phenomenon. We achieve performance beyond state-of-the art.
A Comparison of Participation Motives of Competitive and Non-Competitive Youth Age Swimmers

Understanding the participation motives of youth athletes is vital if their needs are to be met and their sport involvement enhanced. The purpose of this study was to examine the participation motives of a squad of competitive and noncompetitive, youth-age, male and female swimmers. A qualitative interview technique was employed to identifY the participation motives of 12 youth-age swimmers. The interview schedule was based on theories describing participation motivation, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Data was deductively analysed, with statements classified into the motivatic n categories described by Passer (1981). Consistent with previous studies on participation motives in youth sport, the swimmers cited multiple reasons for participation. Fitness was revealed to be the most important motive across the sample. Competitive swimmers were more competitively oriented than their non-competitive counterparts, while noncompetitive swimmers emphasised improving strokes and excitement motives. Being in the water was an important motive identified by all non-competitive swimmers, indicating that they participate, in part, for the intrinsic joy being in the water brings. The motives cited by competitive swimmers suggest a more extrinsic motivational orientation, while the non-competitive swimmers are more intrinsically motivated. Male and female swimmers identified similar motives for participation. However, female swimmers identified stronger affiliation motives than male swimmers, who were more competitively oriented. Non-competitive male swimmers were notably more competitively and extrinsically oriented than ii their female counterparts. It is important that young swimmers' reasons for participating, as well as the differences between competitive and non-competitive, and male and female swimmers, be identified, so that the needs of all youth-age· swimmers can be realised and met.
Measuring sustainability: Life cycle approach to regional sustainability assessment on electricity options

Sustainable development must equally representing economic, environmental and social values. However, as contradictory to its original intention, majority of existing literature on sustainability assessment only focus on either one or two of the these values. This research proposes a novel framework that considers electricity as product and examines sustainability performance of its various production options with focus on regional characteristics, by combing sustainability theory and life cycle approach. This model is generic and can be applied on a range of electricity options; although it is developed based on the case of UK, but it is also applicable for cases in other countries. To author's knowledge, this is the first sustainability assessment model of its kind.
An analysis of address and branch patterns with PatternFinder

Current processors employ aggressive prediction mechanisms to improve performance and reduce power. It is increasingly important to understand and quantify a program's dynamic behavior to effectively design next-generation prediction mechanisms. In this paper, we develop algorithms and mechanisms inspired by DNA discovery tools to analyze and quantify program dynamic behavior in terms of regularities and patterns. We describe our PatternFinder tool and analyze its results to summarize most important branch and data address pattern behaviors for a set of program traces and SPEC CPU 2006 benchmarks.
The Uve1 Endonuclease Is Regulated by the White Collar Complex to Protect Cryptococcus neoformans from UV Damage

The pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans uses the Bwc1-Bwc2 photoreceptor complex to regulate mating in response to light, virulence and ultraviolet radiation tolerance. How the complex controls these functions is unclear. Here, we identify and characterize a gene in Cryptococcus, UVE1, whose mutation leads to a UV hypersensitive phenotype. The homologous gene in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe encodes an apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease acting in the UVDE-dependent excision repair (UVER) pathway. C. neoformans UVE1 complements a S. pombe uvde knockout strain. UVE1 is photoregulated in a Bwc1-dependent manner in Cryptococcus, and in Neurospora crassa and Phycomyces blakesleeanus that are species that represent two other major lineages in the fungi. Overexpression of UVE1 in bwc1 mutants rescues their UV sensitivity phenotype and gel mobility shift experiments show binding of Bwc2 to the UVE1 promoter, indicating that UVE1 is a direct downstream target for the Bwc1-Bwc2 complex. Uve1-GFP fusions localize to the mitochondria. Repair of UV-induced damage to the mitochondria is delayed in the uve1 mutant strain. Thus, in C. neoformans UVE1 is a key gene regulated in response to light that is responsible for tolerance to UV stress for protection of the mitochondrial genome.
Effortful Listening: The Processing of Degraded Speech Depends Critically on Attention

The conditions of everyday life are such that people often hear speech that has been degraded (e.g., by background noise or electronic transmission) or when they are distracted by other tasks. However, it remains unclear what role attention plays in processing speech that is difficult to understand. In the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the degree to which spoken sentences were processed under distraction, and whether this depended on the acoustic quality (intelligibility) of the speech. On every trial, adult human participants attended to one of three simultaneously presented stimuli: a sentence (at one of four acoustic clarity levels), an auditory distracter, or a visual distracter. A postscan recognition test showed that clear speech was processed even when not attended, but that attention greatly enhanced the processing of degraded speech. Furthermore, speech-sensitive cortex could be parcellated according to how speech-evoked responses were modulated by attention. Responses in auditory cortex and areas along the superior temporal sulcus (STS) took the same form regardless of attention, although responses to distorted speech in portions of both posterior and anterior STS were enhanced under directed attention. In contrast, frontal regions, including left inferior frontal gyrus, were only engaged when listeners were attending to speech and these regions exhibited elevated responses to degraded, compared with clear, speech. We suggest this response is a neural marker of effortful listening. Together, our results suggest that attention enhances the processing of degraded speech by engaging higher-order mechanisms that modulate perceptual auditory processing.
Fuzzy Robustic Technique for Color Image De-noising

De-noising in color images needs to spin straw into the noisy images for eliminating outlier pixels that degrades quality. In this approach a rule based fuzzy logic and a three channel robust estimation are used for noise detection and estimation to reduce Gaussian-impulse noise mixture. Gaussian smoothening is performed over a fuzzy peer group by a weighted averaging (its membership coefficients), which is computed through its membership coefficient. Visual analysis and experimental results using PSNR and MSE values proves improved performance over the existing methods. General Terms Fuzzy Similarity, Membership Coefficient, Robust Estimator.
Towards A Process-Oriented Software Architecture Reconstruction Taxonomy

To maintain and understand large applications, it is crucial to know their architecture. The first problem is that unlike classes and packages, architecture is not explicitly represented in the code. The second problem is that successful applications evolve over time, so their architecture inevitably drifts. Reconstructing the architecture and checking whether it is still valid is therefore an important aid. While there is a plethora of approaches and techniques supporting architecture reconstruction, there is no comprehensive state of the art and it is often difficult to compare the approaches. This article presents a state of the art on software architecture reconstruction approaches
American influencies in Brazilian physical education: clues in the specialised periodical press (1932–1950)

This study investigates the American presence and influences in the physical education press to understand the way in which that presence influenced and contributed to the production of a sports culture in the first half of the twentieth century. As historical sources, the study uses periodicals in the field that were published in the period 1932–1950. As a theoretical frame of reference, it uses the repertoire of the New Cultural History in terms of strategy, tactics and devices. It is written in a narrative way, following Ginzburg's style, presenting data and contextualizing them with the historic scene. Clues enabled us to infer that the American presence, which was catalysed by the Brazilian Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), sought to shape a sports culture from physical education and society. This effort reflected the yearning of Brazilian intellectuals for modernisation and an attempt at cultural colonisation by the government of the USA.
Neither orthodoxy nor randomness: differing logics of conducting comparative and international studies in education

The issue of the presumed ‘identity’ of Comparative Education as a field of study or a discipline has been discussed for decades. Yet what remains open to question is a kind of systematic structure that provides the basic principles for a coherent exposition of the field. After conceptualising and rejecting almost a dozen possible outlines for such an exposition over recent years, my contention is that ‘Comparative Education’ can no longer be conceived in terms of an imaginary field's coherence – let alone consistency – but, rather, in terms of distinct branches of comparative and international studies in education and their underlying problématiques. Such an understanding is fostered through a deepened awareness of the basic problems, and successive solutions, constitutive of the emergence and further conformations of the comparative approach in education and the social sciences. This requires analyses informed by the sociology and the history of the sciences. Thus, drawing some inspiration from the thought-provoking theses formulated by historical sociologist Friedrich H. Tenbruck, and building on some of my earlier works concerning the history and theory of comparative study, I shall try, in this essay, to untangle the structural distinctions accounting for what I propose to call the ‘epistemo-logic’ of comparative social enquiry proper, the ‘socio-logic’ of reform-orientated international studies on education, and the ‘globo-logic’ of investigating inherently trans-national and/or world-spanning educational phenomena and organisations.
Newborn pulse oximetry screening in practice

The concept of using pulse oximetry (PO) as a screening test to identify newborn babies with critical congenital heart defects (CCHD) before life-threatening collapse occurs has been debated for some time now. Several recent large studies have consistently shown that PO screening adds value to existing screening techniques with over 90% of CCHDs detected. It can also help identify newborn babies with low oxygen saturations due to infection, respiratory disease and non-critical CCHD. Many countries have now introduced PO screening as routine practice, and as screening gains more widespread acceptance in the UK, we have focused more on the practical aspects of screening in this article. This includes case reports to demonstrate how the different screening modalities for CCHD work together and the experience of hospitals that have already introduced PO screening programmes (Birmingham Women's Hospital and others). Issues discussed include how and when to screen babies in hospital, what to do with a positive screen and how to screen babies born at home. The UK National Screening Committee is currently investigating the potential feasibility of routine PO screening in the UK, and so it is perhaps a suitable time for individual hospitals to consider the possibility of introducing such screening in their maternity units.
Cepstral domain segmental nonlinear feature transformations for robust speech recognition

This letter presents a new segmental nonlinear feature normalization algorithm to improve the robustness of speech recognition systems against variations of the acoustic environment. An experimental study of the best delay-performance tradeoff is conducted within the AURORA-2 framework, and a comparison with two commonly used normalization algorithms is presented. Computationally efficient algorithms based on order statistics are also presented. One of them is based on linear interpolation between sampling quantiles, and the other one is based on a point estimation of the probability distribution. The reduction in the computational cost does not degrade the performance significantly.
Material and cultural consumption in Cuba: new reference groups in the new millennium

Reference groups serve as markers for citizen-consumers to determine tastes and preferences about work and material and cultural consumption. These groups have evolved slowly in socialist Cuba, mostly during the post-Soviet era. This paper examines the symbolism, roles, and meanings of three such groups: the Cuban Diaspora, Cuban Gen-Yers or Millennials (survivors), and entrepreneurs. A combination of these groups is changing values about a new consumption taking hold across the island and offers insight into material and cultural consumption.
Media Ideologies: An Introduction

When I interview people about their uses of new media, I am always surprised. I have been interviewing people at my home institution, Indiana University, for a few years now about how they use new media to end relationships. In every other bout of fieldwork, I started to become a little bored after 30 or 40 interviews. People’s stories about marriage or government bureaucracy would begin to become predictable, I could anticipate how events would unfold in a narrative and often how people would interpret these events. Not so with my new media interviews. A moment typical only in its unexpectedness: Nicole told me that while she had started flirting with several men after her divorce, none of the flirtations had become serious—they weren’t yet at the stage of texting each other. They were sending e-mails to each other, and, with one man, she was now chatting on the phone. But texting for her would mark a whole new stage of intimacy, and she wasn’t there yet with anyone. Once again, I was taken aback. No one else I interviewed had considered phone calls less intimate than text messages. Nicole’s assumptions about media determined how casual, familiar, and acceptable she would find any medium when used for a specific communicative task, in this case flirting. In my interviews, her hierarchy of media intimacy was not widely shared. People’s range of beliefs about media kept surprising me, the sheer quantity of new technological options seems to encourage people to be complexly aware of the channels they could use. I found myself returning over and over again to linguistic anthropologists’ work on language ideologies to understand how multiple, partial, strategic, and locatable the ideologies about media I kept encountering were. I also started to label these beliefs “media ideologies” as I used Atlas.ti to code my transcripts. And I wondered if other ethnographers studying media were finding the work of linguistic anthropologists as helpful as I have been. jola_1070 283.293
Fluorescence time-resolved imaging system embedded in an ultrasound prostate probe

Ultrasound imaging (US) of the prostate has a low specificity to distinguish tumors from the surrounding tissues. This limitation leads to systematic biopsies. Fluorescent diffuse optical imaging may represent an innovative approach to guide biopsies to tumors marked with high specificity contrast agents and therefore enable an early detection of prostate cancer. This article describes a time-resolved optical system embedded in a transrectal US probe, as well as the fluorescence reconstruction method and its performance. Optical measurements were performed using a pulsed laser, optical fibers and a time-resolved detection system. A novel fast reconstruction method was derived and used to locate a 45 µL ICG fluorescent inclusion at a concentration of 10 µM, in a liquid prostate phantom. Very high location accuracy (0.15 cm) was achieved after reconstruction, for different positions of the inclusion, in the three directions of space. The repeatability, tested with ten sequential measurements, was of the same order of magnitude. Influence of the input parameters (optical properties and lifetime) is presented. These results confirm the feasibility of using optical imaging for prostate guided biopsies.
Risk for Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus on Poultry Farms, the Netherlands, 2007–2013

Using annual serologic surveillance data from all poultry farms in the Netherlands during 2007–2013, we quantified the risk for the introduction of low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) in different types of poultry production farms and putative spatial-environmental risk factors: distance from poultry farms to clay soil, waterways, and wild waterfowl areas. Outdoor-layer, turkey (meat and breeder), and duck (meat and breeder) farms had a significantly higher risk for LPAIV introduction than did indoor-layer farms. Except for outdoor-layer, all poultry types (i.e., broilers, chicken breeders, ducks, and turkeys) are kept indoors. For all production types, LPAIV risk decreased significantly with increasing distance to medium-sized waterways and with increasing distance to areas with defined wild waterfowl, but only for outdoor-layer and turkey farms. Future research should focus not only on production types but also on distance to waterways and wild bird areas. In addition, settlement of new poultry farms in high-risk areas should be discouraged.
Exploring a Research Method - Interview

There are many research methods exist in the educational research. For example, the interviews, the observations, the surveys, the action research, and so on. As a researcher, he/she can select these methods in the process of the research. In this essay, I focus on one of the educational research data generation methods--- the interview. I will analyze and discuss the interview in detail. First of all, I will comment on the question “what is the interview’’. The definition of the interview will be described from different aspects and situations, some definitions the former researchers give us will be introduced. At the same time, my understanding about the definition of the interview will be added in this section. Secondly, the main characteristics of the interview will be discussed. The quality of the interview will be explored. Thirdly, I will analyze some key factors of the interview. Fourthly, the ethical implication will be considered.
PAID I ACCENT ADAPTATION USING SUBSPACE GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODELS

This paper investigates employment of Subspace Gaussian Mixture Models (SGMMs) for acoustic model adaptation towards different accents for English speech recognition. The SGMMs comprise globally-shared and state-specific parameters which can efficiently be employed for various kinds of acoustic parameter tying. Research results indicate that welldefined sharing of acoustic model parameters in SGMMs can significantly outperform adapted systems based on conventional HMM/GMMs. Furthermore, SGMMs rapidly achieve target acoustic models with small amounts of data. Experiments performed with US and UK English versions of the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) corpora indicate that SGMMs lead to approximately 20% and 8% relative improvements with respect to speaker-independent and speaker-adapted acoustic models respectively over conventional HMM/GMMs. Finally, we demonstrate that SGMMs adapted only with 1.5 hours can reach performance of HMM/GMMs trained with 18 hours.
Adressing Problems with External Validity of Repository Mining Studies Through a Smart Data Platform

Research in software repository mining has grown considerably the last decade. Due to the data-driven nature of this venue of investigation, we identified several problems within the current state-of-the-art that pose a threat to the external validity of results. The heavy re-use of data sets in many studies may invalidate the results in case problems with the data itself are identified. Moreover, for many studies data and/or the implementations are not available, which hinders a replication of the results and, thereby, decreases the comparability between studies. Even if all information about the studies is available, the diversity of the used tooling can make their replication even then very hard. Within this paper, we discuss a potential solution to these problems through a cloud-based platform that integrates data collection and analytics. We created the prototype SmartSHARK that implements our approach. Using SmartSHARK, we collected data from several projects and created different analytic examples. Within this article, we present SmartSHARK and discuss our experiences regarding the use of SmartSHARK and the mentioned problems.
Crystal Structure of the Autochaperone Region from the Shigella flexneri Autotransporter IcsA

ABSTRACT The IcsA (intracellular spread gene A) autotransporter from Shigella flexneri is a key virulence factor. We identified a stable fragment comprising residues 591 to 758, which corresponds to the autochaperone region of the IcsA passenger domain. We showed that thermal unfolding of the autochaperone region is reversible and determined its crystal structure at 2.0-Å resolution.
Cell Activation Mediated by Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored or Transmembrane Forms of CD14

ABSTRACT CD14 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane glycoprotein which functions as a receptor on myeloid cells for ligands derived from microbial pathogens such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We have studied the importance of the GPI tail of CD14 in signalling with the promonocytic cell line THP-1 expressing recombinant CD14 in a GPI-anchored form (THP1-wtCD14 cells) or in a transmembrane form (THP1-tmCD14). We found that, like other GPI-anchored molecules, GPI-anchored CD14 was recovered mainly from a Triton X-100-insoluble fraction, whereas transmembrane CD14 was fully soluble in Triton X-100. LPS induced cell activation of THP1-wtCD14 and of THP1-tmCD14 (protein tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, NF-κB activation, and cytokine production) in a very similar manner. However, anti-CD14 antibody-induced cross-linking caused a rapid calcium mobilization signal only in GPI-anchored CD14 cells. Studies with pharmacologic inhibitors of intracellular signalling events implicate phospholipase C and protein tyrosine kinases in the genesis of this antibody-induced calcium signal. Our results suggest that GPI anchoring and CD14 targeting to glycolipid-rich membrane microdomains are not required for LPS-mediated myeloid cell activation. GPI anchoring may however be important for other signalling functions, such as those events reflected by antibody cross-linking.