Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metropolis-Hastings Algorithms for Estimating Betweenness Centrality in Large Networks

Betweenness centrality is an important index widely used in different domains such as social networks, traffic networks and the world wide web. However, even for mid-size networks that have only a few hundreds thousands vertices, it is computationally expensive to compute exact betweenness scores. Therefore in recent years, several approximate algorithms have been developed. In this paper, first given a network $G$ and a vertex $r \in V(G)$, we propose a Metropolis-Hastings MCMC algorithm that samples from the space $V(G)$ and estimates betweenness score of $r$. The stationary distribution of our MCMC sampler is the optimal sampling proposed for betweenness centrality estimation. We show that our MCMC sampler provides an $(\epsilon,\delta)$-approximation, where the number of required samples depends on the position of $r$ in $G$ and in many cases, it is a constant. Then, given a network $G$ and a set $R \subset V(G)$, we present a Metropolis-Hastings MCMC sampler that samples from the joint space $R$ and $V(G)$ and estimates relative betweenness scores of the vertices in $R$. We show that for any pair $r_i, r_j \in R$, the ratio of the expected values of the estimated relative betweenness scores of $r_i$ and $r_j$ respect to each other is equal to the ratio of their betweenness scores. We also show that our joint-space MCMC sampler provides an $(\epsilon,\delta)$-approximation of the relative betweenness score of $r_i$ respect to $r_j$, where the number of required samples depends on the position of $r_j$ in $G$ and in many cases, it is a constant.
Research on Custody Transfer Service in Delay Tolerant Network

A delay/disruption tolerant network (DTN) architecture was proposed to effectively support communication in challenging scenarios characterized by intermittent connectivity and long latency. The custody transfer (CT) mechanism is used to improve the reliability of DTN. We proposed a mathematical model of the DTN data link. Based on this model, we simplified a link containing both nodes with and without CT into a link containing only nodes with CT. We developed a NS2-based DTN simulator and conducted three simulations. The first two simulations are conducted on links whose hops are from 2 to 10, where all relay nodes accept or deny CT. The simulation results show that the destination node receives far more data when CT is available; furthermore, the storage consumption of the source node decreases. The third simulation is conducted to evaluate the effect of retransmission timer on storage consumption and retransmission times. The simulation results show that the value of retransmission timer that is greater than the maximum round-trip-time between adjacent nodes and less than the minimum disconnection interval is a good candidate for DTN data transfer.
Interleukin-12 Therapy Reduces the Number of Immune Cells and Pathology in Lungs of Mice Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ABSTRACT Alternate modalities for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are needed due to the rise in numbers of immunosuppressed individuals at risk for serious disease and the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant isolates. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been shown to improve immune responses against M. tuberculosis infection in both humans and mice. Previous studies using high-dose IL-12 in various disease models reported a paradoxical immunosuppression. We demonstrate here that exogenous administration of IL-12 for 8 weeks after an aerosolized low dose of M. tuberculosis results in increased survival and decreased pulmonary bacterial loads for CD4-T-cell-deficient mice, most likely due to an early increase in gamma interferon. IL-12 treatment did not impair or enhance the ability of the wild-type mice to control infection, as measured by bacterial numbers. Two novel findings are reported here regarding exogenous IL-12 therapy for M. tuberculosis infections: (i) IL-12 treatment resulted in decreased numbers of immune cells and reduced frequencies of lymphocytes (CD8+, CD4+, and NK cells) in the lungs of infected mice and (ii) IL-12 therapy reduced the pathology of M. tuberculosis-infected lungs, as granulomas were smaller and less numerous. These studies support an immunoregulatory role for IL-12 in tuberculosis.
The Delinquent Girl

List of Figures and Tables Acknowledgements Introduction 1. The Contribution of "Mainstream" Theories to the Explanation of Female Delinquency 2. Feminist Theories of Girls' Delinquency 3. Trends in Girls' Delinquency and the Gender Gap: Statistical Assessment of Diverse Sources 4. Biopsychological Factors, Gender, and Delinquency 5. Family Influences on Girls' Delinquency 6. Peer Influences on Girls' Delinquency 7. Girls, Schooling, and Delinquency 8. Gender Differences in Neighborhood Effects and Delinquency 9. The Context of Girls' Violence: Peer Groups, Families, Schools, and Communities 10. Young Women and Street Gangs 11. Girls in the Juvenile Justice System Appendix: Girls Studt Group Members Notes References Contributors Index
Time-to-Boundary Function to Study the Development of Upright Stance Control in Children

Background: The development of postural control across the primary school time horizon is a complex process, which entails biomechanics modifications, the maturation of cognitive ability and sensorimotor organization, and the emergence of anticipatory behaviour. Postural stability in upright stance has been thus object of a multiplicity of studies to better characterize postural control in this age span, with a variety of methodological approaches. The analysis of the Time-to-Boundary function (TtB), which specifies the spatiotemporal proximity of the Centre of Pressure (CoP) to the stability boundaries in the regulation of posture in upright stance, is among the techniques used to better characterize postural stability in adults, but, as of now, it has not yet been introduced in developmental studies. The aim of this study was thus to apply this technique to evaluate the development of postural control in a sample population of primary school children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, upright stance trials under eyes open and eyes closed were administered to 107 healthy children, divided into three age groups (41 for Seven Years' Group, Y7; 38 for Nine Years' Group, Y9; 28 for Eleven Years' Group, Y11). CoP data were recorded to calculate the Time-to-Boundary function (TtB), from which four spatio-temporal parameters were extracted: the mean value and the standard deviation of TtB minima (Mmin, Stdmin), and the mean value and the standard deviation of the temporal distance between two successive minima (Mdist, Stddist). Results: With eyes closed, Mmin and Stdmin significantly decreased and Mdist and Stddist increased for the Y7 group, at Y9 Mmin significantly decreased and Stddist increased, while no effect of vision resulted for Y11. Regarding age groups, Mmin was significantly higher for Y9 than Y7, and Stdmin for Y9 was higher than both Y7 and Y11; Mdist and Stddist resulted higher for Y11 than for Y9. Conclusion: From the combined results from the spatio-temporal TtB parameters, it is suggested that, at 9 years, children look more efficient in terms of exploring their limits of stability than at 7, and at 11 the observed TtB behaviour hints at the possibility that, at that age, they have almost completed the maturation of postural control in upright stance, also in terms of integration of the spatio-temporal information.
Highly efficient reconfigurable routers in Networks-on-Chip

NoC designs are based on a compromise of latency, power dissipation or energy, usually defined at design time. However, setting all parameters at design time can cause either excessive power dissipation (originated by router underutilization), or a higher latency. The situation worsens whenever the application changes its communication pattern, i.e., a portable phone downloads a new service. The buffer's depth is an important resource to assure performance, and has a great impact on power. In this paper we propose the use of a reconfigurable router, where the buffers are dynamically allocated to increase router efficiency in a NoC, even under rather different communication loads. The reconfigurable router allows up to 52% power savings, while maintain the same performance of the homogeneous original router with roughly the same area.
A mother's grief: An exploration of the effect of grief on Black American mothers

The purpose of this research was to collect information related to the effect that an infant’s death has on Black American mothers. The term “Black American” was used to represent individuals who identify their ethnicity as Black, Negro, and African American. While individuals cope with grief in a variety of ways, research indicates that the death of a child is the highest level of grief a parent can endure. The grief process, including psychological and physical changes, affects individuals differently. Some individuals seek therapeutic interventions to assist in the process; others do not. This study examined to what extent the death of an infant child affects the relationships of Black American mothers with those emotionally closest to them, and the sources of support that were most helpful in successful coping after the death of a child. Through qualitative research, the researcher interviewed a sample of Black American mothers in order to understand the phenomenon of grief associated with the loss of an infant and to determine the effect of this grief on their families and other individuals close to them. Recognizing that culture and experiences play essential roles in an individual’s coping process surrounding death, this study examined how age, time since death, and means of loss correlated with the mothers’ grief process and ability to cope.
Radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine: Recent Developments for SPECT and PET Studies

Nuclear medicine is returning to its origin by studying more and more metabolic signals using new positron or single-photon-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. The history of nuclear medicine over the past 50 years highlights the strong link between investments in chemistry and the development of radionuclides and radiolabeled compounds. In fact, one can trace the major advances in nuclear medicine directly to research in chemistry. These advances have had a major impact on the practice of health care. According to the Society of Nuclear Medicine, 20 million nuclear medicine procedures using radiopharmaceuticals and imaging instruments are carried out in hospitals in the United States alone each year to diagnose disease and to deliver targeted treatments. These techniques have also been adopted by basic and clinical scientists in different fields (infection, immunology, gastroenterology, cardiology, oncology, neurology, psychiatry, and others) for diagnosis as well as for scientific tools.
University of Waterloo at TREC 2014 Contextual Suggestion: Experiments with suggestion clustering

Abstract : In this work we present our group's first attempt at developing a system to solve the problem presented in the contextual suggestion task. As part of TREC 2014 the contextual suggestion track is running for the third time. The goal of this task is to tailor point-of-interest suggestions to users according to this preferences. Here we present how we gathered candidate points-of-interest, grouped them according to similarity using clustering, and picked points-of-interest that each user would nd especially appealing. The organizers of this track distributed users' personal pro les in three les: examples2014.csv, pro les2014-70.csv and pro les2014-100.csv. A list of 100 example points-of-interest, which each consist of an ID, a title, a description and a URL were included in examples2014.csv. 299 users indicated their preferences by giving a rating on a 5-point score (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) to the description and website of each example point-of-interest. 116 users, indicated preferences to all the 100 example points of interests, these pro les are distributed in pro les2014-100.csv. The other 183 users, only indicated 70% of all the example points of interest, these pro les are distributed in pro les2014- 70.csv. There are 50 contexts which each represent a city in the United States which are listed in contexts2014.txt.
Human hand gesture detection based on EMG signal using ANN

There has been wide range of expansion in hand gestures close in style, pattern, movement and feature as well as in meaning. From that aspect this following paper confabs an improved version of hand gesture recognition based on segmentation process and backpropagation algorithm through the analysis of myoelectric signals generates from the movement of brachioradialis muscle and antebrachial vein of lower portion of forearm as well as flexor carpi radialis tendon and flexor digitorum superficial tendons of upper portion of wrist connected to forearm. From the received forearm electromyography (EMG) signals separation of individual signals through segmentation and corresponding evaluated values are used as the input of feed forward artificial neural network which would act as a classifier to obtain required distinguishable signals or commands to communicate. The neural network is trained with number of signals of different people and tested with other signals for minimum errors as well. Without considering depth or distance this proposed method will provide a good variety of classified signals for small changes in muscular signal changes for patient monitoring through virtual command.
A Prospective Study of Musculoskeletal Outcomes Among Manufacturing Workers

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize associations between psychosocial and work organizational risk factors and upper-extremity musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders. Background: Methodological limitations of previous studies of psychosocial and work organizational risk factors and musculoskeletal outcomes have produced inconsistent associations. Method: In this prospective epidemiologic study of 386 workers, questionnaires to assess decision latitude (“control”) and psychological job demands (“demand”) were administered to study participants and were used to classify them into job strain “quadrants. ” Measures of job stress and job change were collected during each week of follow-up. Incident hand/arm and neck/shoulder symptoms and disorders were ascertained weekly. Associations between exposure measures and musculoskeletal outcomes were estimated with proportional hazard methods. Results: When compared to the low-demand/high-control job strain referent category, large increases in risk of hand/arm disorders were observed for both high-demand/high- control (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.23, 16.4]) and high-demand/low-control job strain categories (HR = 5.18, 95% CI = [1.39, 19.4]). Similar associations were observed for hand/arm symptoms. A strong association was also observed between the low-demand/low-control job strain category and neck/shoulder disorders (HR = 6.46, 95% CI = [1.46, 28.6]). Statistically significant associations were also observed between weekly stress level and weekly job change and several musculoskeletal outcomes. Conclusion: Associations between psychosocial risk factors and work organizational factors and musculoskeletal outcomes were large and in the hypothesized direction. Application: Prevention of occupational musculoskeletal disorders may require attention to psychosocial and work organizational factors in addition to physical factors. Methods to control adverse effects of psychosocial and work organizational risk factors should be explored.
Ancient DNA from polynesian rats: Extraction, amplification and sequence from single small bones

The human colonisation of Polynesia was a major event in world prehistory. It represents one of the last human population migrations, and one which required crossing major water barriers. Though the subject of Pacific population origins has been approached by scholars from numerous fields for nearly a century, recent years have seen the problem addressed by human geneticists [1–5]. Since the initial report describing the recovery of DNA from skeletal remains [6], ancient DNA studies have also focused on the Pacific region [7, 8]. In this paper we present the results of ancient DNA analyses of Rattus exulans, an animal that was transported by ancestral Polynesians through the Pacific to the far reaches of the Polynesian triangle. Analysis of DNA of R. exulans skeletal remains has many advantages over studies of ancient human remains, yet the one drawback has been the recovery of ancient DNA from single bones of these very small rodents. We have successfully modified standard extraction protocols for ancient DNA [9] and have consistently extracted, amplified and sequenced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from less than 0.1 g of R. exulans bone and tooth samples recovered from archaeological sites throughout the Pacific, ranging from 400 to 2000 years old.
User-driven quality evaluation of DBpedia

Linked Open Data (LOD) comprises of an unprecedented volume of structured datasets on the Web. However, these datasets are of varying quality ranging from extensively curated datasets to crowdsourced and even extracted data of relatively low quality. We present a methodology for assessing the quality of linked data resources, which comprises of a manual and a semi-automatic process. The first phase includes the detection of common quality problems and their representation in a quality problem taxonomy. In the manual process, the second phase comprises of the evaluation of a large number of individual resources, according to the quality problem taxonomy via crowdsourcing. This process is accompanied by a tool wherein a user assesses an individual resource and evaluates each fact for correctness. The semi-automatic process involves the generation and verification of schema axioms. We report the results obtained by applying this methodology to DBpedia. We identified 17 data quality problem types and 58 users assessed a total of 521 resources. Overall, 11.93% of the evaluated DBpedia triples were identified to have some quality issues. Applying the semi-automatic component yielded a total of 222,982 triples that have a high probability to be incorrect. In particular, we found that problems such as object values being incorrectly extracted, irrelevant extraction of information and broken links were the most recurring quality problems. With this study, we not only aim to assess the quality of this sample of DBpedia resources but also adopt an agile methodology to improve the quality in future versions by regularly providing feedback to the DBpedia maintainers.
WireMe - IoT development platform for everyone

In this paper we present the work in progress of WireMe IoT development platform, a simple way to deploy IoT systems in an intuitive approach. WireMe platforms' simplified software and hardware modules enables users to deploy personalized web interface and program their hardware modules to achieve their home automation tasks without having deep technical knowledge in either of the above domains, with the help of visual programming. Apart from that, advanced users may extend this approach with the framework provided so that they can build their hardware and software modules to support our WireMe IoT platform as well. With this platform, kids can learn to build programming logics and learn about programming with code generation as well as people can build their typical IoT automation systems to monitor and control their IoT modules.
Ontologizing Semantic Relations

Many algorithms have been developed to harvest lexical semantic resources, however few have linked the mined knowledge into formal knowledge repositories. In this paper, we propose two algorithms for automatically ontologizing (attaching) semantic relations into WordNet. We present an empirical evaluation on the task of attaching part-of and causation relations, showing an improvement on F-score over a baseline model.
5G wireless backhaul networks: challenges and research advances

5G networks are expected to achieve gigabit-level throughput in future cellular networks. However, it is a great challenge to treat 5G wireless backhaul traffic in an effective way. In this article, we analyze the wireless backhaul traffic in two typical network architectures adopting small cell and millimeter wave communication technologies. Furthermore, the energy efficiency of wireless backhaul networks is compared for different network architectures and frequency bands. Numerical comparison results provide some guidelines for deploying future 5G wireless backhaul networks in economical and highly energy-efficient ways.
Mastering Your Adult ADHD: A Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Program Therapist Guide

Introductory Information for Therapists MODULE 1: PSYCHOEDUCATION, ORGANIZATION AND PLANNING 1. Psychoeducation and Introduction to Organization and Planning Skills 2. Involvement of Family Member 3. Organization of Multiple Tasks 4. Problem Solving and Managing Overwhelming Tasks 5. Organizing Papers MODULE 2: REDUCING DISTRACTABILITY 6. Gauging Attention Span and Distractability Delay 7. Modifying the Environment MODULE 3: ADAPTIVE THINKING 8. Introduction of a Cognitive Model of ADHD 9. Adaptive Thinking 10. Rehearsal and Review of Adaptive Thinking Skills MODULE 4: ADDITIONAL SKILLS 11. Application to Procrastination 12. Relapse Prevention
Effects of noninvasive ventilation on lung hyperinflation in stable hypercapnic COPD

Two previous uncontrolled studies have suggested that noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) in patients with hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) improves arterial blood gas tensions by decreasing lung hyperinflation with the consequent reduction in inspiratory loads and changes in ventilatory pattern. The aim of this randomised placebo-controlled study was to determine whether these mechanisms play a pivotal role in the effects of NIMV on arterial blood gases. Thirty-six stable hypercapnic COPD patients were randomly allocated to NIMV or sham NIMV. A 2-week run-in period was followed by a 3-week study period, during which ventilation was applied 3 h·day−1, 5 days a week. Arterial blood gases, spirometry, lung volumes, and respiratory mechanics were measured before and after application of NIMV. Patients submitted to NIMV showed changes (mean (95% confidence interval)) in daytime arterial carbon dioxide tension (Pa,CO2) and arterial oxygen tension of −1.12 (−1.52–−0.73) kPa (−8.4 (−11.4–−5.5) mmHg) and 1.14 (0.70–1.50) kPa (8.6 (5.3–11.9) mmHg), respectively. Total lung capacity, functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume were found to be reduced by 10 (7–13), 25 (18–31), and 36 (27–45)% of their predicted value, respectively, whereas forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity increased by 4 (1.5–6.9) and 9 (5–13)% pred, respectively. Tidal volume (VT) increased by 181 (110–252) mL. All of the above changes were significant compared with sham NIMV. Changes in Pa,CO2 were significantly related to changes in dynamic intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure, inspiratory lung impedance, VT and FRC. It was concluded that the beneficial effects of noninvasive mechanical ventilation could be explained by a reduction in lung hyperinflation and inspiratory loads.