Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Processing of Encrypted Data in Honest-but-Curious Clouds

Encrypted data stored in clouds usually cannot be processed. To address this limitation, we design a practically efficient fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) scheme, which allows encrypted data to be directly processed by the clouds. Our scheme assumes that the clouds are curious to derive information from encrypted data, but not performing any nondeterministic brute-force attacks. We implemented a prototype of our scheme and evaluated its concrete performance by evaluating high-degree polynomials over encrypted data and calculating inner product of high-dimensional encrypted vectors.
Ridesharing for emergency evacuation

ABSTRACT In this paper, we consider the evacuation problem that consists of grouping and routing evacuees to safe zones. Grouping evacuees reduces congestion on roads, addresses fuel shortage and supports individuals with limited access to transportation means. We propose a mixed integer programming model where individuals with vehicles are instructed to pick up others along their route in order to evacuate the maximum number of individuals within a limited time. Since evacuation decisions and plans must be made as quickly as possible, we propose two heuristics that provide comparable solutions within a short computational time. The first heuristic is inspired from the Clarke-Wright savings heuristic for the vehicle routing problem, while the second heuristic is based on maximum bipartite matching. Computational results show that the proposed heuristics find solutions in less than a second for instances with up to 40 evacuee locations. We also present extensions of the evacuation problem that include vehicles with different capacities, that minimize the time to evacuate everyone, and that find the optimal vehicle placement.
Towards a diversification framework for operating system protection

In order to use resources of a computer, malware has to know the interfaces provided by the operating system. If we make these critical interfaces unique by diversifying the operating system and user applications, a piece of malware can no longer successfully interact with its environment. Diversification can be considered as a computer-specific secret. This paper discusses how this API diversification could be performed. We also study how much work would be needed to diversify the Linux kernel in order to hide the system call interface from malware.
Leishmania donovani-infected macrophages: characterization of the parasitophorous vacuole and potential role of this organelle in antigen presentation.

Leishmania donovani amastigotes, the etiological agents of visceral leishmaniasis, are obligate intracellular parasites residing in membrane-bound compartments of macrophages called parasitophorous vacuoles (PV). The study of these organelles is of paramount importance to understanding how these parasites resist the microbicidal mechanisms of macrophages and how they escape the immune response of their hosts. Confocal microscopy of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with L. donovani amastigotes and stained for various prelysosomal/lysosomal markers and for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules was used to define PV with respect to the endocytic compartments of the host cells and to address the issue of their potential role in antigen processing and presentation. Forty-eight hours after infection, many PV contained cathepsins B, D, H and L and they were all surrounded by a membrane enriched for the lysosomal glycoprotein lgp120/lamp 1 but apparently devoid of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, a membrane protein generally absent from the lysosomes. These data suggested that PV acquire within 48 hours the characteristics of a lysosomal compartment. However, both macrosialin and the GTP-binding protein rab7p (specific markers of the prelysosomal compartment) were found to be highly expressed in/on PV membrane. Thus, at this stage, PV appear to exhibit both lysosomal and prelysosomal features. Infected macrophages activated with IFN-gamma before or after infection showed PV strongly stained for MHC class II molecules but not for MHC class I molecules. This suggests that, if infected macrophages can act as antigen-presenting cells for class I-restricted CD8+ T lymphocytes, Leishmania antigens must exit the PV. MHC class II molecules reached the PV progressively, indicating that they were not plasma membrane-bound molecules trapped during internalization of the parasites. The redistribution of class II observed in infected cells did not alter their quantitative expression on the plasma membrane at least during the first 48 hours following the phagocytosis of the parasites. The invariant chains, which are transiently associated with class II molecules during their intracellular transport and which mask their peptide-binding sites, did not reach PV or were rapidly degraded in these sites, suggesting that PV-associated class II are able to bind peptides. This last assumption is strengthened by the fact that class II located in PV could bind conformational antibodies that preferentially recognize class II with tightly associated peptides. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Affiliative Behavior Requires Juvenile, But Not Adult Neurogenesis

The capacity to interact with conspecifics is essential for stable social networks, reproduction, and survival in mammals. In rodents, social exploration and play behavior increase during the juvenile period, suggesting that this timeframe represents an important window for socialization. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms necessary to support this developmental process have not been elucidated. Neurogenesis during the juvenile period, like that in adults, is mainly confined to the subgranular and subventricular zones. Nevertheless, the levels of neurogenesis are significantly higher during the juvenile period, suggesting unique functions not shared with adult neurogenesis. Here we use a transgenic mouse approach that allows for ablation of neurogenesis during different developmental phases. We find that ablating neurogenesis during either juvenile or adult phases altered anxiety and memory in adult female mice, demonstrating an age-independent function of new neurons for certain behaviors. Blocking neurogenesis during the juvenile period resulted in a profound impairment in the ability of these mice to interact with other adult females or to retrieve pups, without causing gross olfactory deficits. Interestingly, ablating neurogenesis in adult females had no effect on these social behaviors. This work defines a novel role for juvenile neurogenesis in establishing brain circuits necessary for socialization, and demonstrates that juvenile and adult neurogenesis make different contributions to social competency in adult female mice. Additional work is needed to determine whether ablation of juvenile neurogenesis in the subgranular zone and/or the subventricular zone is responsible for the social abnormalities seen after global elimination of juvenile neurogenesis.
I-vector based text-independent speaker identification

Factor analysis is mainly by extracting the compact representations of speakers' utterances, which are referred to as i-vectors. A low new space called total variability space, which is speaker and channel dependent is trained in the modeling. During the experiments, channel compensation approaches are used to remove the interference included by i-vectors. They are respectively are Nuisance Attribute Projection, Linear Discriminate Analysis, and Within-Class Covariance Normalization. Results have shown that the combination of Linear Discriminate Analysis and Within-Class Covariance Normalization obtains better performance. In addition, the system contrasts two methods to estimate the similarity between the testing speaker and the target speaker. One is through Support-Vector-Machine (SVM), the other one directly uses the cosine distance similarity (CDS) as the final decision score. The results demonstrate that CDS achieves better performance. Finally, score normalization technique is used to reduce the difference caused by channel variability. The paper proved that the combination of the above methods exactly improves the robustness of the system on the basis of guaranteeing the recognition rate. The design of the identification system is simulated on MATLAB, which includes both training and testing.
The Analgesic Effects of Morphine and Tramadol Added to Intra-articular Levobupivacaine-Tenoxicam Combination for Arthroscopic Knee Surgery on Postoperative Pain; a Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Arthroscopic knee surgery is commonly performed as an outpatient procedure and is often associated with postoperative pain. Objectives: We aimed to compare the effects of intra-articular levobupivacaine-tenoxicam-tramadol and levobupivacaine-tenoxicam-morphine combinations on postoperative pain in patients undergoing elective arthroscopic knee surgery. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 ASA I-II patients undergoing elective arthroscopic meniscectomy under general anesthesia were enrolled. The participants were randomly allocated to three groups to receive the following intra-articular medications after completion of the surgery and before deflation of the tourniquet: Group S, 20 mL of saline; Group T, 35 mg of levobupivacaine, 20 mg of tenoxicam, and 100 mg of tramadol in 20 mL saline; and Group M, 35 mg of levobupivacaine, 20 mg of tenoxicam, and 4 mg of morphine in 20 mL saline. Visual analogue scale values at rest (VASr) and at active flexion of knee (VASa) at postoperation hours 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24, duration of analgesia, total analgesic consumption, and number of rescue analgesia at 24 hours were evaluated. Results: VASr and VASa were significantly higher in group S in comparison to other groups (P < 0.05). Duration of analgesia was significantly longer in Group T and Group M than in Group S (P < 0.05). The difference between group T and group M was also significant (P < 0.05). Number of rescue analgesia and total analgesic consumption at postoperative hour 24 was significantly fewer in group M compared with other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Intra-articular levobupivacaine-tenoxicam-morphine combination provides effective pain relief, longer analgesic duration, and less analgesic requirement when compared with intra-articular levobupivacaine-tenoxicam-tramadol combination and saline after knee arthroscopic surgery.
IIT Bombay’s English-Indonesian submission at WAT: Integrating Neural Language Models with SMT

This paper describes the IIT Bombay’s submission as a part of the shared task in WAT 2016 for English–Indonesian language pair. The results reported here are for both the direction of the language pair. Among the various approaches experimented, Operation Sequence Model (OSM) and Neural Language Model have been submitted for WAT. The OSM approach integrates translation and reordering process resulting in relatively improved translation. Similarly the neural experiment integrates Neural Language Model with Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) as a feature for translation. The Neural Probabilistic Language Model (NPLM) gave relatively high BLEU points for Indonesian to English translation system while the Neural Network Joint Model (NNJM) performed better for English to Indonesian direction of translation system. The results indicate improvement over the baseline Phrase-based SMT by 0.61 BLEU points for English-Indonesian system and 0.55 BLEU points for Indonesian-English translation system.
Affective Dimension of University Professors about their Teaching: An Exploration through the Semantic Differential Technique

The main objective of this study is to increase our knowledge regarding professors’ emotions about their teaching, as a component of teacher identity. In the first part, we present a comprehensive review of the literature about the types of teachers’ emotions and teaching. In the second part we present the results of a validity study with a semantic differential scale developed to explore the emotions of university professors about their teaching. This scale was fulfilled by a sample of 198 university teachers and comprises a list of pairs of bi-polar adjectives that summarize a broad range of affective classifications about teaching in higher education. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure of emotions about teaching in higher education: Motivation for teaching, Evaluation of oneself as a teacher, and Teaching performance. The cross-referencing of the scale to Trigwell and Prosser’s (2004) teachers’ approaches to teaching is analysed and discussed. Our results suggest new lines of research about teachers’ emotions in higher education, proposing further studies to collect more validity evidences about the affective dimensions of teaching.
Virtual Data Visualizer

Te authors present the Virtual Data Visualizer, a highly interactive, immersive environment for visualizing and analyzing data. VDV is a set of tools for exploratory data visualization that does not focus on just one type of application. It employs a data organization with data arranged hierarchically in classes that can be modified by the user within the virtual environment. The class structure is the basis for bindings or mappings between data variables and glyph elements, which the user can make, change, or remove. The binding operation also has a set of defaults so that the user can quickly display the data. The VDV requires a user interface that is fairly complicated for a virtual environment. They have taken the approach that a combination of more-or-less traditional menus and more direct means of icon manipulation will do the job. This work shows that a useful interface and set of tools can be built. Controls in VDV include a panel for controlling animation of the data and zooming in and out. Tools include a workbench for changing the glyphs and setting glyph/variable ranges and a boundary tool for defining new classes spatially.
A Rotor Platform Assisted System for 3D Hairstyles

This paper presents an interactive system for creating natural looking 3D hairstyles, by which users can cut, comb and perm the hair model and generate realistic hair images. The system contains three stages: modeling, styling and rendering. In the first phrase, the system produces a physical hair model using a cantilever beam simulation with collision detection. Then the styling phrase is a hair editing process, performing styling operations to change the lengths, positions and curvatures of hair strands. Seven operations are developed for styling. A special hardware rotor platform is developed to aid the hair cut process, so that manipulation by two hands that simulate the real styling is made possible. Users can interact with tools and create various convincing hairstyles. Our system together with the rotor platform increases the ease of hairstyling 60% time saving and can render natural hair images with shadow and back-lighting effects.
An Approach for Reliably Investigating Hippocampal Sharp Wave-Ripples In Vitro

Background Among the various hippocampal network patterns, sharp wave-ripples (SPW-R) are currently the mechanistically least understood. Although accurate information on synaptic interactions between the participating neurons is essential for comprehensive understanding of the network function during complex activities like SPW-R, such knowledge is currently notably scarce. Methodology/Principal Findings We demonstrate an in vitro approach to SPW-R that offers a simple experimental tool allowing detailed analysis of mechanisms governing the sharp wave-state of the hippocampus. We combine interface storage of slices with modifications of a conventional submerged recording system and established in vitro SPW-R comparable to their in vivo counterpart. We show that slice storage in the interface chamber close to physiological temperature is the required condition to preserve network integrity that is necessary for the generation of SPW-R. Moreover, we demonstrate the utility of our method for studying synaptic and network properties of SPW-R, using electrophysiological and imaging methods that can only be applied in the submerged system. Conclusions/Significance The approach presented here demonstrates a reliable and experimentally simple strategy for studying hippocampal sharp wave-ripples. Given its utility and easy application we expect our model to foster the generation of new insight into the network physiology underlying SPW-R.
Effects of Generating a Large Amount of Artificial Patterns for On-line Handwritten Japanese Character Recognition

This paper describes effects of a large amount of artificial patterns to train an on-line handwritten Japanese character recognizer. In general, as more learning patterns employed for training pattern recognition systems, as higher recognition rate is obtained. In reality, however, the existing pattern samples are not enough, especially for languages of a large character set. Therefore, for on-line handwritten Japanese character recognition, we construct six linear distortion models and combine them with a nonlinear distortion model to generate a large amount of artificial patterns. We apply the method for the TUAT Nakayosi database and train a recognizer while evaluate the effects for the TUAT Kuchibue database with the remarkable effects of improving recognition accuracy.
Four cases of meningeal hemangiopericytoma treated with surgery and radiotherapy.

We report our experiences of four cases with meningeal hemangiopericytoma treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy and survey the literature to elucidate the efficacy of radiotherapy. Patients were treated with surgical resection and 46-52 Gy postoperative radiotherapy. Three patients had local control for 30, 54 and 138 months, respectively and one patient had local recurrence after 49 months. Distant metastases were observed in two patients; one had multiple bone, liver and lung metastases and the other multiple bone and brain metastases. For bone and brain metastases, better tumor control was obtained with palliative radiotherapy and stereotactic radiotherapy. Literature analyses demonstrated that surgery and postoperative radiotherapy of 50 Gy or more resulted in significantly better local control than surgery alone (p = 0.02). Stereotactic radiosurgery was effective for intracranial recurrence or metastasis, especially when the tumor volume was <8 cm(3) and >15 Gy at the 50% isodose line was used. Radiotherapy for bone metastases was also effective for palliation.
The business of rapid prototyping

Rapid prototypes will gain acceptance in business only to the extent that they provide bottom‐line business value. Thus, this paper guides engineers wishing to “sell” rapid prototyping in helping them to operate from a business perspective. Presuming that the relative value of rapid prototypes is in their speed, I show how to identify, quantify and exploit timesaving opportunities by using rapid prototypes to greatly shorten product development cycles. The article first illustrates how to calculate the cost of delay for a development project so that we have a means of measuring the business value of the time saved. Then I show where to look for leveraged time‐savings that will yield greater benefit than just the time saved directly in building the prototype faster. By addressing associated process and cultural change issues, the paper guides the rapid prototyper in setting up an environment in which the identified business advantage will actually be realized after the new system is installed.
Distinct Recycling of Active and Inactive β1 Integrins

Integrin trafficking plays an important role in cellular motility and cytokinesis. Integrins undergo constant endo/exocytic shuttling to facilitate the dynamic regulation of cell adhesion. Integrin activity toward the components of the extracellular matrix is regulated by the ability of these receptors to switch between active and inactive conformations. Several cellular signalling pathways have been described in the regulation of integrin traffic under different conditions. However, the interrelationship between integrin activity conformations and their endocytic fate have remained incompletely understood. Here, we have investigated the endocytic trafficking of active and inactive β1 integrins in cancer cells. Both conformers are endocytosed in a clathrin‐ and dynamin‐dependent manner. The net endocytosis rate of the active β1 integrins is higher, whereas endocytosis of the inactive β1 integrin is counteracted by rapid recycling back to the plasma membrane via an ARF6‐ and early endosome antigen 1‐positive compartment in an Rab4a‐ and actin‐dependent manner. Owing to these distinct trafficking routes, the two receptor pools display divergent subcellular localization. At steady state, the inactive β1 integrin is mainly on the plasma membrane, whereas the active receptor is predominantly intracellular. These data provide new insights into the endocytic traffic of integrins and imply the possibility of a previously unappreciated crosstalk between pathways regulating integrin activity and traffic.
Layer Acquisition by Cortical GABAergic Interneurons Is Independent of Reelin Signaling

Functioning of the cerebral cortex requires the coordinated assembly of circuits involving glutamatergic projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons. Despite their segregated origin in different regions of the telencephalon, projection neurons and interneurons born synchronically end up adopting the same cortical layer, suggesting that layer acquisition is highly coordinated for both neuronal types. The radial migration and laminar arrangement of projection neurons depends on Reelin, a secreted glycoprotein expressed near the pial surface during embryogenesis. In contrast, the mechanisms controlling layer acquisition by cortical interneurons remain essentially unknown. Here, we have used an ultrasound-guided transplantation approach to analyze the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of laminar locations by cortical interneurons. We found that layer acquisition by cortical GABAergic interneurons does not directly depend on Reelin signaling. Moreover, interneurons invade their target layers well after synchronically generated projection neurons reach their final destination. These results suggest a model in which cues provided by projection neurons guide cortical interneurons to their appropriate layer, and reveal that, at least for some neuronal types, long-range radial migration does not directly require Reelin.