Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The management of infectious and noninfectious anorectal complications in patients with leukemia.

BACKGROUND Infectious and noninfectious anorectal complications may occur in patients undergoing therapy for leukemia. Controversy surrounds the treatment of this problem in immunocompromised patients. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective review of the medical records of 83 patients with acute or chronic leukemia in whom anorectal disease developed during inpatient therapy for leukemia was performed to determine the initial signs and symptoms, treatment, and outcomes. RESULTS During a 12-year period, 92 patients with anorectal complications were treated. This series included 25 patients with perirectal abscesses, 22 patients with anal fissures, 18 patients with symptomatic external hemorrhoids, 12 patients with perianal ulcerations, 12 patients with symptomatic internal hemorrhoids, and three patients with fistulas in ano. Overall, 79 (86 percent) of the 92 anorectal complications resolved in 68 of the 83 patients. Increasing periods of neutropenia did not adversely affect the resolution of anorectal disease. Thirteen patients (16 percent) required surgical intervention, most commonly secondary to a perirectal abscess. Incision and drainage was necessary in ten (40 percent) of 25 patients with perirectal abscess, which included five patients with fluctuation and five patients in whom infection failed to respond to medical therapy. CONCLUSIONS Noninfectious anorectal complications in patients with leukemia respond to nonoperative intervention and rarely progress to a life-threatening infection. Nonoperative intervention in the form of systemic antibiotics and sitz baths is successful in the treatment of infectious anorectal complications. Incision and drainage should be performed when fluctuation is present and in patients whose complications fail to respond to medical therapy.
Enhancement in web service provision using combination of collaborative technique and association rule generation

Search engine provide query recommendation which suggest user to choose any one query from their recommendation list according to their necessities. Such systems had been expected to have a good result, especially in E-commerce and E-learning environments. However, although they have been intensively explored in the Web Mining and Machine learning fields, and there have been some commercialized systems, the quality of the recommendation and the user satisfaction of such systems are still not conclusive, since the search result provided by the search engine will not be a satisfactory one in most of the cases. In this paper we proposed a robust model that leverages most appropriate and promising search result for user queries. The system uses useful information on user behavior and their activities when searching online and the content they are interested in viewing for the result which they obtained in response to their query by search engine. The proposed technique able to provide required promising result as a response rather than returning the result which has maximum hits for their search queries. Keyword: E-commerce, E-Learning, Recommendation system, Search engine Introduction: Web search is an area of the information technology industry where artificial intelligence and particularly knowledge engineering techniques can be applied with potentially significant impacts. Currently users face a still increasing amount of data for their queries, since the search engine provide the result which has maximum hit rate. Such result cannot able to satisfy the user as their interested content may not present in those results. It is quite reasonable assumption that a series of queries characterize the effort of what the user want to find better than the single query. Therefore the search engines were designed in such a way to guide the user for selecting queries which results in the appropriate thing they need. Recently, some of the major search engines have introduced a new “Search History” feature, which allows users to track their online search by recording their queries and clicks. This history includes a sequence of the queries displayed in reverse chronological order together with their corresponding clicks. The proposed system which organize user search histories and learning of user behavioral patterns not for providing relevant query pattern but for getting the result in which the user are already interested to know, by the way it could identify the hidden data which is
Cultural competence: an evolutionary perspective.

PROBLEM The need for conceptual clarity, which is essential for effective communication related to cultural competence. Practice, education, administration, and research are identified. METHODS Rodgers' (2000) method of concept analysis. FINDINGS Attributes of cultural competence were identified as cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural understanding, cultural sensitivity, and cultural skill. CONCLUSIONS Cultural competence can best be identified as a nonlinear dynamic process that is never ending and ever expanding. It is built on increases in knowledge and skill development related to its attributes.
Therapeutic vaccination reduces HIV sequence variability

With HIV persisting lifelong in infected persons, therapeutic vaccination is a novel alternative concept to control virus replication. Even though CD8 and CD4 cell responses to such immunizations have been demonstrated, their effects on virus replication are still unclear. In view of this fact, we studied the impact of a therapeutic vaccination with HIV nef delivered by a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara vector on viral diversity. We investigated HIV sequences derived from chronically infected persons before and after therapeutic vaccination. Before immunization the mean ± se pairwise variability of patient‐derived Nef protein sequences was 0.1527 ± 0.0041. After vaccination the respective value was 0.1249 ± 0.0042, resulting in a significant (P<0.0001) difference between the two time points. The genes vif and 5′ gag tested in parallel and nef sequences in control persons yielded a constant amino acid sequence variation. The data presented suggest that Nef immunization induced a selective pressure, limiting HIV sequence variability. To our knowledge this is the first report directly linking therapeutic HIV vaccination to decreasing diversity in patient‐derived virus isolates. —Hoffmann, D. , Seebach, J., Cosma, A. , Goebel, F. D. , Strimmer, K. , Schätzl, H. M. , Erfle, V. Therapeutic vaccination reduces HIV sequence variability. FASEB J. 22, 437–444 (2008)
Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chronic Stroke

Background: Cell transplantation is a ‘hype and hope’ in the current scenario. It is in the early stage of development with promises to restore function in chronic diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in stroke patients has shown significant improvement by reducing clinical and functional deficits. They are feasible and multipotent and have homing characteristics. This study evaluates the safety, feasibility and efficacy of autologous MSC transplantation in patients with chronic stroke using clinical scores and functional imaging (blood oxygen level-dependent and diffusion tensor imaging techniques). Methods: Twelve chronic stroke patients were recruited; inclusion criteria were stroke lasting 3 months to 1 year, motor strength of hand muscles of at least 2, and NIHSS of 4–15, and patients had to be conscious and able to comprehend. Fugl Meyer (FM), modified Barthel index (mBI), MRC, Ashworth tone grade scale scores and functional imaging scans were assessed at baseline, and after 8 and 24 weeks. Bone marrow was aspirated under aseptic conditions and expansion of MSC took 3 weeks with animal serum-free media (Stem Pro SFM). Six patients were administered a mean of 50–60 × 106 cells i.v. followed by 8 weeks of physiotherapy. Six patients served as controls. This was a non-randomized experimental controlled trial. Results: Clinical and radiological scanning was normal for the stem cell group patients. There was no mortality or cell-related adverse reaction. The laboratory tests on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 were also normal in the MSC group till the last follow-up. The FM and mBI showed a modest increase in the stem cell group compared to controls. There was an increased number of cluster activation of Brodmann areas BA 4 and BA 6 after stem cell infusion compared to controls, indicating neural plasticity. Conclusion: MSC therapy aiming to restore function in stroke is safe and feasible. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate its efficacy.
Bilateral Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid Application in Children: The Nijmegen Experience From 1996 to 2008

Objective: This study presents clinical data and quality of life questionnaire outcomes in children and young adults with bilateral Bone-Anchored Hearing Aids (BAHAs). Study Design: Retrospective review. Setting: Tertiary care referral center. Patients: Eligible study subjects comprised 27 patients with bilateral conductive hearing loss fitted with bilateral BAHAs in childhood or as young adults at the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre between June 1996 and October 2008. Methods: Questionnaires comprised the "Daily use of bilateral BAHAs" questionnaire, the Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory, and the Speech Spatial and Qualities of Hearing scale modified for children. Results: A total of 23 children were selected to fill out the postal questionnaires; 21 (91%) of them responded. In 90%, both BAHAs were being used 7 days a week. One child was using 1 BAHA but not the other, and one child was only using both BAHAs at school. Nine children reported that they switched off both BAHAs when the background became too noisy. Bilateral BAHAs provided better hearing quality according to 70%. The Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory demonstrated subjective overall benefit of +38 (n = 20). The spatial domain of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing scale showed a trend toward better spatial hearing with decreasing age at bilateral application. Conclusion: Bilateral percutaneous BAHAs can be applied simultaneously from the age of 4 years, after a successful trial period with the BAHA Softband or other equivalent hearing aids. Bilateral BAHAs showed clear benefit in the vast majority. Outcomes of bilateral audiologic testing are needed in the near future.
Increased expression of HDJ-2 (heat shock protein 40) and heat shock protein 70 in biopsy specimens of transplanted human lungs.

BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins are expressed during several forms of stress and inflammation. This study was done to determine whether the expression of heat shock protein HDJ-2 (heat shock protein 40), heat shock protein 60, and heat shock protein 70 are increased during rejection in human pulmonary allografts. METHODS Thirty-five transbronchial biopsy specimens were obtained from adult lung transplant recipients. Histologic analysis and assessment of heat shock protein HDJ-2, heat shock protein 60, and heat shock protein 70 mRNA expression was performed. Total RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed, and amplified by polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide primers specific for the heat shock proteins. The identity of the amplified message was verified by Southern blot and slot blot analysis. RESULTS The expression of heat shock protein HDJ-2 was significantly higher in samples from lung transplant recipients undergoing rejection when compared with recipients without rejection or infection. Heat shock protein 70 expression was also increased in rejection. Expression of heat shock protein 60 did not show any increase in recipients with no evidence of rejection and infection or transplant recipients with rejection or infection. Serial analysis of heat shock protein HDJ-2 and heat shock protein 70 obtained in biopsy specimens during and after rejection showed a decrease of heat shock protein HDJ-2 and heat shock protein 70 expression after resolution of lung rejection. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that the expression of heat shock protein HDJ-2 and heat shock protein 70 increases during lung rejection. However, only heat shock protein HDJ-2 was able to differentiate between rejection and infection. Measurement of heat shock protein HDJ-2 in transbronchial biopsy specimens may assist in the differential diagnosis between rejection and infection in lung transplant recipients.
Application of the acoustic emission (AE) method to bridge testing and diagnostics comparison of procedures

On the basis of experimental results, the paper presents and analyses three procedures using acoustic emission in non-destructive tests of reinforced concrete elements and structures. Two of those procedures, namely one published by The Ferguson Structural Engineering Laboratory - The University of Texas at Austin and the other covered by the Japanese standard JCMS-III B5706, describe measurements with the AE method taken on prestressed or reinforced concrete beams. In both cases the same AE signal sources are analysed: crack initiation, crack formation and propagation, crack closure (friction at the concrete-concrete interface), friction at the reinforcement-concrete interface, reinforcement yield and fracture. The procedures were developed on the basis of the analysis of destructive processes in reinforced concrete elements (beams) subjected to loading under laboratory conditions. The procedures are based on AE signal measurements when loading is performed in accordance with a strictly defined scheme. As regards bridges, especially those in service, it is almost impossible to obtain accurate loading values, so it is extremely difficult to achieve real results, which arises from the conditions of taking in-situ measurements. The results of laboratory tests also show substantial discrepancies in the evaluation of elements when both procedures are applied. The third, termed the IADP procedure, provides a diagnostic method for pre-stressed structures that remain in service. The procedure is based on the identification and location of destructive processes with AE testing. The method is applicable to all pre-stressed elements independent of their structure. It accounts for the interaction of different elements and damages, and also for ambient conditions (load, humidity, temperature, etc.). The usability of the procedure is confirmed by the results of both laboratory tests and those performed on real structures.
PMMA as a base material for SU8 mold to fabricate PDMS relief

A novel fabrication technique using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as a base material for SU8-10 film coating is to be discussed in this paper. The SU8-10 coated onto PMMA is used as a mold to fabricate PDMS relief. The SU8-10 mold has been tested for a square structure and various types of line resolutions. Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate (PGMEA) developing towards SU8-10 coated on PMMA for 2 hours is suitable for a 5mm × 5mm square structure whereas PGMEA developing for 30 minutes is found to be suitable to produce the smallest resolution of 2mm. The results have proven that PMMA is a promising material to be used as SU8-10 mold despite silicon or glass, two materials which have been commonly used for SU8-10 mold. PMMA in its natural structure is flexible, making it easy to drill and cut. Other advantages of PMMA lie in the facts that it is cheap, transparent and biocompatible.
Glycogen depletion of different fibre types in human skeletal muscle during intermittent and continuous exercise.

Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were obtained from thirteen healthy subjects at rest and at intervals during continuous and intermittent exercise. After freeze-drying of the muscle sample, fragments of single fibres were dissected out and stained for myofibrillar ATPase with preincubation at pH 10.3, 4.6 or 4.3 to identify type 1, II A and II B fibres respectively. The remaining part of each fragment was used for quantitative glycogen analyses. At rest, mean glycogen content was significantly higher in type II fibres (402 mmol/kg dry weight) than in type 1 (344 mmol/kg dry weight). After 60 min continuous exercise at moderate work load a more pronounced glycogen depletion had occurred in type I (277 mmol/kg dry weight) than in type II (A-r B) fibres (113 mmol/kg dry weight). With 60 min intense intermittent exercise a significant and similar depletion occurred in both type I (213 mmol/kg dry weight) and type II (A + B) fibres (203 mmol/kg dry weight). With continuous intense exercise to exhaustion (4–6 min), glycogen depletion was more marked in type II (A- B) (1 ! 8 mmol/kg dry weight) than type I fibres (74 mmol/kg dry weight). These data imply that the glycogen depletion pattern in muscle fibres is determined mainly by the work intensity but the lower glycogen depletion per unit time in intermittent compared with continuous intense exercise indicates that the mode and duration of exercise is important, too.
Memory leak detection in Plumbr

Platforms with automatic memory management, such as the JVM, are usually considered free of memory leaks. However, memory leaks can happen in such environments, as the garbage collector cannot free objects, which are not used by the application anymore, but are still referenced. Such unused objects can eventually fill up the heap and crash the application. Although this problem has been studied extensively, nevertheless, there are still many rooms for improvement in this area. This paper describes the statistical approach for memory leak detection, as an alternative, along with a commercial tool, Plumbr, which is based on the method. The tool is later analyzed with three case studies of real applications and in the process also analyzes strengths and weaknesses of the statistical approach for memory leak detection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction of the need for phase unwrapping in radar interferometry

Monitoring of a small change by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has previously been demonstrated for several sites, We derive two methods for detecting small displacements in the general case of differential interferometry: (1) the topographic elimination method and (2) the three-pass method. We explain the reasons which make us favor the former method. Validation and calibration of both methods are described. The topographic elimination method is preferred because of the limited need for phase unwrapping. Although phase unwrapping is usually considered to be a key component of radar interferometry, we show that it can be avoided most of the time by using a rough digital elevation model available throughout the world and a new technique, the integer interferometric combination (IIC). Several examples validating the IIC technique are presented as well as considerations about the probability and cost of having a successful study on a given site, which is not a site of opportunity. We conclude with some examples of topography-free, map-registered interferograms, which were produced automatically from SAR raw data and digital elevation models of various quality using the above methods. This validates these methods from an operational point of view.
NCAM and polysialyltransferase profiles match dopaminergic marker gene expression but polysialic acid is dispensable for development of the midbrain dopamine system

The modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) with polysialic acid plays a pivotal role in the developing nervous system. Here we studied the expression and function of polysialic acid during development of the mesencephalic dopaminergic system of mice. Using immunohistochemistry, polysialic acid was detected on nestin‐positive radial glia processes and on cell somata in the pial zone of the midbrain at embryonic day E11.5 and E14.5. As studied by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR, mRNA profiles of NCAM and the polysialyltransferases, ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV, matched the course of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, nur‐related factor 1, and paired‐like homeodomain transcription factor 3 expression, which were used as marker genes of dopaminergic development. Asking for a possible role of polysialylation during formation of the dopaminergic system, mice lacking polysialic acid because of ablation of both St8siaII and St8siaIV were analyzed at selected time points by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry and by real‐time RT‐PCR of dopaminergic markers. Surprisingly, no differences between wild‐type and mutant mice could be detected. Likewise, enzymatic removal of polysialic acid from cultured neurons of the ventral embryonic midbrain had no effect on the expression of dopaminergic marker genes. We conclude that despite its abundance polysialic acid is dispensable for the formation of the mesencephalic dopaminergic system.
Cardiac abnormalities in patients with refractory epilepsy

Definition – The word epilepsy is derived from the Greek verb pikalbam im 1⁄4 epilamvanein (to be seized, to be taken hold of, to be attacked) (1). That epilepsy is not a single disease is explicated in Gastaut’s definition: a chronic brain disorder of various etiologies characterized by recurrent seizures due to excessive discharges of cerebral neurons (2). A seizure can be defined as a sudden, involuntary, time-limited alteration in behavior involving a change in motor activity or autonomic function, a change in consciousness, or a change in sensation accompanied by an abnormal electrical discharge in the brain (3).
An Overview of Access Control Mechanisms for Internet of Things

The integration of the physical world and the cyber system in IoT brings significant challenges to the design of security solutions. Access control is considered to be a critical system component for the protection of data, cyberinfrastructure, and even the physical systems in IoT; however, because of the new characteristics of IoT systems, such as the resource constraints, the large scale and the device heterogeneity, many traditional security solutions including existing access control mechanisms may not be directly applicable in IoT environment. This paper first presents an overview of the existing access control mechanisms and analyzes their applicability in IoT systems. Then, both the challenges in the IoT access control design and the goals for future IoT access control design are identified and discussed.
Reconsidering the conceptualization of nursing workload: literature review.

AIM This paper reports a literature review that aimed to analyse the way in which nursing intensity and patient dependency have been considered to be conceptually similar to nursing workload, and to propose a model to show how these concepts actually differ in both theoretical and practical terms. BACKGROUND The literature on nursing workload considers the concepts of patient 'dependency' and nursing 'intensity' in the realm of nursing workload. These concepts differ by definition but are used to measure the same phenomenon, i.e. nursing workload. METHOD The literature search was undertaken in 2004 using electronic databases, reference lists and other available literature. Papers were sourced from the Medline, Psychlit, CINAHL and Cochrane databases and through the general search engine Google. The keywords focussed on nursing workload, nursing intensity and patient dependency. FINDINGS Nursing work and workload concepts and labels are defined and measured in different and often contradictory ways. It is vitally important to understand these differences when using such conceptualizations to measure nursing workload. A preliminary model is put forward to clarify the relationships between nursing workload concepts. CONCLUSION In presenting a preliminary model of nursing workload, it is hoped that nursing workload might be better understood so that it becomes more visible and recognizable. Increasing the visibility of nursing workload should have a positive impact on nursing workload management and on the provision of patient care.