Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple ancient origins of neoteny in Lycidae (Coleoptera): consequences for ecology and macroevolution

Neoteny, the maintenance of larval features in sexually mature adults, is a radical way of generating evolutionary novelty through shifts in relative timing of developmental programmes. While controlled by the environment in facultative neotenics, retention of larval features is obligatory in many species of Lycidae (net-winged beetles). They are studied here as an example of how developmental shifts and ecology interact to produce macroevolutionary impacts. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of Lycidae based on DNA sequences from nuclear (18S and 28S rRNA) and mitochondrial (rrnL, cox1, cob and nad5) genes from a representative set of lineages (73 species), including 17 neotenic taxa. Major changes of basal relationships compared with those implied in the current classification generally supported three independent origins of neotenics in Lycidae. The southeast Asian Lyropaeinae and Ateliinae were in basal positions indicating evolutionary antiquity, also confirmed by molecular clock estimates, unlike the neotropical leptolycines nested within Calopterini and presumably much younger. neotenics exhibit typical K-selected traits including slow development, large body size, high investment in offspring and low dispersal. This correlated with low species richness and restricted ranges of neotenic lineages compared with their sisters. Yet, these factors did not impede the evolutionary persistence of affected lineages, even without reversals to fully metamorphosed forms, contradicting earlier suggestions of recent evolution from dispersive non-neotenics.
Anesthesia During High‐field Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Experience with 80 Consecutive Cases

&NA; Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used for years to update neuronavigation and for intraoperative resection control. For this purpose, low‐field (0.1–0.2 T) MR scanners have been installed in the operating room, which, in contrast to machines using higher magnetic field strength, allowed the use of standard anesthetic and surgical equipment. However, these low‐field MR systems provided only minor image quality and a limited battery of MR sequences, excluding functional MRI, diffusion‐weighted MRI, or MR angiography and spectroscopy. Based on these advantages, a concept using high‐field MRI (1.5 T) with intraoperative functional neuronavigational guidance has been developed that required adaptation of the anesthetic regimen to working in the close vicinity to the strong magnetic field. In this paper the authors present their experience with the first 80 consecutive patients who received anesthesia in a specially designed radio frequency‐shielded operating room equipped with a high‐field (1.5 T) MR scanner. We describe the MR‐compatible anesthesia equipment used including ventilator, monitoring, and syringe pumps, which allow standard neuroanesthesia in this new and challenging environment. This equipment provides the use of total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil allowing rapid extubation and neurologic examination following surgery. In addition, extended intraoperative monitoring including EEG monitoring required for intracranial surgery is possible. Moreover, problems and dangers related to the effects of the strong magnetic field are discussed.
Attitude similarity, relational history, and attraction: The mediating effects of kinesic and vocal behaviors

Perhaps the most well‐known finding in the study of interpersonal relations is that attitude similarity leads to attraction. Recent research has found that the similarity‐attraction effect is diminished after informal social interaction. The mediating effects of verbal and nonverbal behaviors in attenuating or strengthening the effects of similarity on attraction have not themselves been studied. The present experiment tests the similarity‐attraction relationship in a conversational setting while investigating the effects of kinesic and vocal behaviors as mediators. Forty dyads, with similar and different attitudes who were newly acquainted or well known to one another, participated in 30 minute, non‐directed conversations. Their conversations were videotaped and coded for several vocal and kinesic indicators of involvement. After taping, subjects filled out attraction and satisfaction measures. Analyses revealed that attitude similarity affected attraction and satisfaction, even after an intervening inte.
Waveform Engineering at Gate Node of Class-J Power Amplifiers

In this paper, the class-J mode of operation is investigated when sinusoidal, half-sinusoidal (HS), triangle, pulse, and reduced conduction angle voltage waveforms are shaped at the gate node of the transistor. Output power, maximum power-added efficiency (PAE), large signal gain (LSG), and load–pull contours are presented and compared for each input signal. It is shown that PAE of a class-J power amplifier (PA) is improved when an HS voltage is realized at the gate node of the transistor. This enhancement can also be observed for a pulse input with 20% duty cycle, however, at the expense of reduced output power and LSG. A proof-of-concept, two-stage class-J PA is designed and fabricated in a 0.25-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> AlGaAs-InGaAs pHEMT technology. The prototype PA is based on an HS gate voltage for the second-stage transistor, which operates in class-J mode. The driver stage also works in class-J mode to provide an HS voltage at its drain node, and the interstage matching network is designed to convey this waveform to gate of the second-stage transistor. Chip dimensions are <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.99\times1.24$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>2</sup>, and 26.6–27.2-dBm output power with ≥50% PAE is achieved over the 0.92–1.4-GHz bandwidth.
The Organizational Context of Moral Dilemmas: The Role of Moral Leadership in Administration in Making and Breaking Dilemmas

This paper reviews literature on ethics, ethical decision making and moral leadership in order to frame moral leadership in the organizational context of administration. Both organizational contexts and administrative decisions are characterized as having routines, challenges and dilemmas. Moral leadership in administration attempts to use these types of decisions to lead the organization through the four stages of moral decision—making—moral awareness and sensitivity, judgment, intent and action. Guiding institutionalization and nurturing conflict are both viewed as useful in moral leadership within organizations.
Cerebral metabolic and hemodynamic responses to epilepsy: insights from animal models

The use of various neuroimaging approaches for the study of neurological diseases in animal models is increasing rapidly. Autoradiographic techniques for the measurement of cerebral glucose metabolism and blood flow have been applied to the study of epileptic seizures and syndromes. The main limitations of these approaches relate to the fact that most animal models of epilepsy have been developed in rodents and therefore require the miniaturization of the techniques. Moreover, while they provide excellent definition, they require the sacrifice of the animal at the end of each experiment. Longitudinal analyses can be performed by means of magnetic resonance techniques but their definition is far less precise and functional magnetic resonance imaging is not yet widely available for animal studies. This review describes the extent to which autoradiographic studies can contribute to a improved understanding of the human epilepsy-related pathophysiology.
Face Verification using Gabor filtering and adapted Gaussian Mixture Models

The search for robust features for face recognition in uncontrolled environments is an important topic of research. In particular, there is a high interest in Gabor-based features which have invariance properties to simple geometrical transformations. In this paper, we first reinterpret Gabor filtering as a frequency decomposition into bands, and analyze the influence of each band separately for face recognition. Then, a new face verification scheme is proposed, combining the strengths of Gabor filtering with Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) modelling. Finally, this new system is evaluated on the BANCA and MOBIO databases with respect to well known face recognition algorithms. The proposed system demonstrates up to 52% relative improvement in verification error rate compared to a standard GMM approach, and outperforms the state-of-the-art Local Gabor Binary Pattern Histogram Sequence (LGBPHS) technique for several face verification protocols on two different databases.
Success Through A Positive Mental Attitude?: The Role of Positive Thinking in Door-to-Door Sales

This case study focuses on the use of a motivational philosophy called “positive mental attitude” (PMA) by door-to-door salespersons. While agreeing with Leidner's finding in her study of a similar company that PMA functions as a form of worker control, I show here how the flexibility of PMA makes it useful to salespersons, who draw upon it to deal with everyday work problems. Dealers draw upon their personal goals and values to form motivational foci—the content of the positive thinking they wish to maintain—and attempt to keep these thoughts in mind through motivational practices learned during their training.
Decentralized Feedback Design for a Compliant Robot Arm

Enhancing safety during interaction with environment and improved force control has led to design of highly compliant robotic arms. However, due to introduction of passive compliance in series with actuators the links' interactions and coupling effects become much more important. In this paper a direct decentralized approach for designing PD-PID gains, given the dynamic multivariable model of the compliant robot arm, is proposed. The proposed method is based on Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) formulation with full state feedback in discrete time that automatically designs the decentralized gains for all the four joints of the robot in one shot. Experimental results for a four Degree of Freedom (DoF) compliant robot arm are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of this method.
The action researcher as tempered radical and strategic entrepreneur in higher education: a personal reflection

This article describes the discovery of action research by a ‘conscious incompetent’ in higher education. The influences on the development of an action researcher’s individual philosophy are discussed. These shape a specific investigation into the implementation of international staff exchange in a post-1992 UK university from the position of an ‘outsider within’, a tempered radical. Ontological and epistemological concepts of quasi-objectivity, subjectivity, participation and commitment are discussed in relation to entrepreneurship in the higher education context, concluding that action research is a methodology suitable for tempered radicals and strategic entrepreneurs and that the action researcher can play these roles to research the execution of international faculty mobility in higher education.
STAxCache: An approximate, energy efficient STT-MRAM cache

STT-MRAM has attracted great interest for use as on-chip memory due to its high density, near-zero leakage and high endurance. However, its overall energy efficiency is limited by the energy requirements of spin-transfer torque switching during writes and reliable single-ended sensing during reads. Leveraging the ability of many applications to produce acceptable outputs under approximations to computations and data, we propose the use of approximate storage to improve the energy efficiency of STT-MRAM based caches. Towards this end, we explore a combination of different approximation techniques at the circuit and architecture levels that yield significant energy benefits for small probabilities of errors in reads, writes, and retention. A key challenge arises when introducing approximate storage into a cache — data that can tolerate different levels of approximation (or not at all) may be dynamically loaded into a cache line at different times. In addition, it is necessary to manage the approximations so as to obtain a desirable energy-quality tradeoff at the application level. We propose STAxCache (Spintronic Approximate Cache), an STT-MRAM based approximate L2 cache architecture that retains the full flexibility of a conventional cache, while allowing for different levels of approximation to different parts of a program's memory address space. We introduce a simple interface that allows the programmer to specify the quality requirements for different data structures, and instructions in the ISA to expose this information to STAxCache. We utilize a device-to-architecture simulation framework to evaluate STAxCache and achieve 1.44x improvement in L2 cache energy for negligible (< 0.5%) loss in application-level quality across a suite of 8 benchmarks.
CWP-440 P Elastic energy propagation in a strongly scattering 1 D laboratory model

Laboratory ultrasonics provides an ideal opportunity for studying wave propagation in random media. Models are relatively easy to construct and both the phase and amplitude of the wave field can be measured, so we can separate the coherent from the incoherent intensity. Here we show detailed measurements of wave propagation in a 1D strongly scattering medium that fit the theory of radiative transfer for both short times (ballistic propagation) and long times (diffusive propagation). Including late time information gives us a unique opportunity to separate scattering attenuation from intrinsic absorption.
Kalman filtering over wireless fading channels—How to handle packet drop

In this paper we consider estimation of dynamical systems over wireless fading communication channels using a Kalman filter. We show the impact of the stochastic communication noise on the estimation process. We furthermore show how noisy packets should be handled in the receiver. More specifically, we illustrate the impact of the availability of a cross‐layer information path on the optimum receiver design. In the absence of a cross‐layer information path, it was shown that packet drop should be designed to balance information loss and communication noise in order to optimize the performance. In the presence of a cross‐layer path, we show that keeping all the packets will minimize the average estimation error covariance. We also derive the stability condition in the presence of noisy packets and show that it is independent of the shape of the communication noise variance or availability of a cross‐layer information path. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to write a patient case report.

PURPOSE Guidelines for writing patient case reports, with a focus on medication-related reports, are provided. SUMMARY The format of a patient case report encompasses the following five sections: an abstract, an introduction and objective that contain a literature review, a description of the case report, a discussion that includes a detailed explanation of the literature review, a summary of the case, and a conclusion. The abstract of a patient case report should succinctly include the four sections of the main text of the report. The introduction section should provide the subject, purpose, and merit of the case report. It must explain why the case report is novel or merits review, and it should include a comprehensive literature review that corroborates the author's claims. The case presentation section should describe the case in chronological order and in enough detail for the reader to establish his or her own conclusions about the case's validity. The discussion section is the most important section of the case report. It ought to evaluate the patient case for accuracy, validity, and uniqueness; compare and contrast the case report with the published literature; derive new knowledge; summarize the essential features of the report; and draw recommendations. The conclusion section should be brief and provide a conclusion with evidence-based recommendations and applicability to practice. CONCLUSION Patient case reports are valuable resources of new and unusual information that may lead to vital research.
Facial Expression Recognition Based on SVM

An in-depth study of the multi-classification SVM is given, and the expression classification method based on SVM is proposed for the defects of the traditional classification methods. It realizes fast classification with a relatively small sub-classifier combination, reducing the classification error. Experiments show that the multi-classification method based on SVM can obviously reduce the training and testing time and improve the classification performance.
Limited incremental diagnostic values of attenuation-noncorrected gating and ungated attenuation correction to rest/stress myocardial perfusion SPECT in patients with an intermediate likelihood of coronary artery disease.

UNLABELLED Either gated myocardial perfusion SPECT or attenuation-corrected SPECT can be used to improve specificity in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated whether attenuation-noncorrected gating and ungated attenuation correction could improve the diagnostic performance of rest/stress perfusion SPECT in patients having an intermediate pretest likelihood of CAD. METHODS Sixty-eight patients (29 men, 39 women; mean age, 59 +/- 12 y) with coronary artery stenosis > or =70% (1 vessel, n = 13; 2 vessels, n = 18; 3 vessels, n = 8; normal, n = 29) underwent rest attenuation-corrected 201TI SPECT and dipyridamole stress gated attenuation-corrected 99mTc-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile SPECT with an ADAC vertex camera. Three physicians graded the post-test likelihood of CAD for each arterial territory using a 5-point scale (1, normal; 2, possibly normal; 3, equivocal; 4, possibly abnormal; 5, abnormal). The sensitivity, specificity, and areas under receiver-operating-characteristic curves were compared for each operator by 3 methods: attenuation-noncorrected rest/stress SPECT, gated poststress SPECT plus attenuation-noncorrected rest/stress SPECT, and attenuation-corrected rest/stress SPECT plus gated poststress SPECT plus attenuation-noncorrected rest/stress SPECT. RESULTS When higher than grade 3 was used as the criterion for CAD, no differences in sensitivity and specificity were found among the 3 methods for each operator. Areas under receiver-operating-characteristic curves for the diagnosis of CAD and stenosis revealed no differences for each modality (P > 0.05 for each comparison). CONCLUSION In patients with an intermediate risk of CAD, viewing attenuation-noncorrected gated poststress SPECT and ungated attenuation-corrected rest/stress SPECT images did not improve the diagnostic performance for CAD and stenosis.
The deep layers of the superior colliculus.

The evidence is compelling that the deep layers of the SC are involved in the translation of sensory signals into motor commands for the control of saccadic eye movements. The deep layers receive inputs from brain areas involved in the analysis of stimuli (visual, auditory and somatosensory) used to guide orienting movements. Patterns of activity recorded from collicular neurons are appropriate for the initiation and direction of saccades, and neurons carrying these signals are organized topographically, forming a map of motor (saccadic) space. Efferent projections from the deep layers are to brainstem nuclei having direct or indirect connections with motoneuron pools innervating extraocular muscles. Finally, reversible inactivation of neurons in the deep colliculus severely impairs the ability of animals to generate accurate saccades. Major gaps in our knowledge of the anatomical and functional organization of the SC remain. The physiological signals conveyed to the SC over afferent pathways are, for the most part, unknown. The intrinsic organization of the SC is poorly understood; and the question of whether or not there is extensive communication between neurons in the superficial and deep divisions has not yet been resolved. Very little is known about the morphology, location or physiological response properties of the cells of origin of the major efferent pathways; and the neural circuits involved in decoding information about the direction, velocity and amplitude of saccades (contained in the spatial and temporal pattern of neural activity of collicular cells) are still unspecified. In general, the contribution of the sensory responses of deep collicular neurons to the initiation of orienting movements is unknown. There is no experimental evidence that the activity of deep collicular neurons responsive to sensory stimuli is either necessary or sufficient for the generation of the motor signals observed in the SC, and patterns of connections within the SC specifically involved in the translation of sensory signals into motor commands have not been identified. The alignment (in anesthetized or paralysed animals) of auditory, somatosensory and visual maps in the SC has influenced thinking about the process of sensorimotor integration. It is commonly assumed that the deep division of the SC contains topographical maps of sensory space--i.e., a point in the space surrounding the animal is represented by neurons residing at a particular location in the SC. It is assumed, further, that sensory signals from different modalities originating from the same point in space activate a common pool of collicular neurons located within this representation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Applications of superconducting fault current limiters in electric power transmission systems

The introduction of new generating facilities by independent power producers and increasing load demand can result in fault-current over-duty on existing transmission system protective equipment. Conventional solutions to fault current over-duty such as major substation upgrades, splitting existing substation busses or multiple circuit breaker upgrades could be very expensive and require undesirable extended outages and result in lower power system reliability. Less expensive solutions such as current limiting reactors may have unwanted side effects, such as increase in system losses, voltage regulation problems or possibly could compromise system stability. This paper discusses the benefits of superconducting Fault Current Limiters (FCLs) which can be economically competitive with expensive conventional solutions. Superconducting FCLs are invisible in normal operation and do not introduce unwanted side effects. The performance of a particular type of limiter, the Matrix Fault Current Limiter (MFCL) is presented and examples are provided on how it could relieve fault current over-duty problems. The use of this device in a particular application in the American Electric Power (AEP) 138 kV transmission grid is also discussed.
What do Children Aged Four to Seven Know about the Digestive System and the Respiratory System of the Human Being and of Other Animals?

The object of this paper is to learn what little children know about the inside of their bodies before they have studied these particular aspects at school. The data for our project were collected by means of drawings made by 342 Spanish children aged four to seven. They were required to depict where the food, drink, and air which enter their bodies go. In addition to this, we intend to study how the ideas of children evolve during three consecutive years. For this purpose, a group of 32 subjects was monitored. Our findings show that the children recognise specific organs in their own bodies which they associate with the intake of food and air. Furthermore, they usually extrapolate those organs to other animals they are familiar with. Their ideas about the digestive system are more adequate than the ones about the respiratory system, though their ideas improve as they become older, above all those concerning the digestive system. Taking these findings as a basis, this paper suggests some points to be taken into consideration for teaching purposes.