Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient and High-Speed FPGA-based String Matching for Packet Inspection

High speed and always-on network access is becoming commonplace around the world, creating a demand for increased network security. Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) attempt to detect and prevent attacks from the network using pattern-matching rules in a way similar to anti-virus software. They check both packet header and payload in order to detect content-based security threats. Payload scan requires efficient pattern matching techniques, since each incoming packet must be compared against the hundreds of known attacks. NIDS must operate at line (wire) speed so that they do not become a bottleneck to the system’s performance. Network Intrusion Detection Systems perform a much more efficient analysis compared to traditional firewalls, and running in general purpose processors can serve up to a few hundred Mbps throughput. Several ASIC commercial products have been developed, and FPGA-based architectures have been introduced, aiming at better performance as compared to software-based systems. Although they can support high throughput, updating system ruleset and adding new features is a difficult task for ASIC platforms. They usually trade performance for flexibility, using large memories and integrated processors. On the other hand, reconfigurable devices (FPGAs) offer the required flexibility for such systems. The use of FPGA platforms, allows easy ruleset update, adding new features, and even changing the entire system’s architecture. Keeping the interface unchanged and not exceeding device’s capacity, are the main challenges. This thesis presents solutions for FPGA-based string matching, achieving high throughput and reasonable area cost. The first presented architecture uses discrete comparators, exploits parallelism and fine-grain pipeline, allowing string matching systems to support 8 to 11 Gbps throughput. However, this approach is costly in terms of area, and cannot store the entire NIDS set of patterns in a single device. The next architecture presented (DCAM) improves on the discrete comparator solution, requiring one fifth of the initial area, while fully maintaining the performance. DCAM shares logic using centralized character comparators (decoders), maintains performance using fine-grain pipeline, parallelism, and also partitioning design into small high-speed processing engines. It also uses xii an advanced data distribution network to feed incoming data to pattern-matching engines and gather out the partial matches. Finally, is shown that DCAM architecture can store the entire set of NIDS patterns in a medium-capacity FPGA, achieving the best published throughput, and having comparable area cost with the best published one.
Symmetric Separating Equilibria in English Auctions

We characterize the set of perfect Bayesian equilibria in symmetric separating strategies in Milgrom and Weber's (1982) model of English auctions. There is a continuum of such equilibria. The equilibrium derived by Milgrom and Weber is that in which bids are maximal. Only in the case of pure private values does a restriction to weakly undominated strategies select a unique equilibrium. This has important implications for empirical studies of English auctions, particularly outside the pure private values paradigm.
Multi agent paradigm used to complexity measure for perfective software maintenance

Agent is a computing entity which mimics the behavior of a human being in problem solving strategy. Multi agents systems are the group of agents which have different tasks and work in cooperation, coordination and in communication to each other. Apart from wide applications in software engineering tasks, design, development and testing, it has a vital role in software maintenance also. Few effective attempts have been made in this direction. We made an attempt to develop multi agent system for perfective maintenance using JADE-architecture. These results will helps to assess and estimate the complexity of change in a particular method, particular class and particular file with their effect to other set of methods, classes, and files (clusters). This knowledge can be deployed for adaptive maintenance in which a method or class or file are being changed or replaced. We are in process of developing and adding two more agents one adaptive and another evaluating in the context of software maintenance.
Attribute-oriented induction using domain generalization graphs

Attribute-oriented induction summarizes the information in a relational database by repeatedly replacing specific attribute values with more general concepts according to user-defined concept hierarchies. We show how domain generalization graphs can be constructed from multiple concept hierarchies associated with an attribute, describe how these graphs can be used to control the generalization of a set of attributes, and present the Multi-Attribute Generalization algorithm for attribute-oriented induction using domain generalization graphs. Based upon a generate-and-test approach, the algorithm generates all possible combinations of nodes from the domain generalization graphs associated with the individual attributes, to produce all possible generalized relations for the set of attributes. We rant the interestingness of the resulting generalized relations using measures based upon relative entropy and variance. Our experiments show that these measures provide a basis for analyzing summary data from relational databases. Variance appears more useful because it tends to rank the less complex generalized relations (i.e., those with few attributes and/or few tuples) as more interesting.
An Exponential Model for Evaluating Error Performance of Turbo Codes

In this paper, an exponential model is proposed to approximate the error performance of Turbo codes within low and intermediate SNR region. Our analysis unveils that, the proposed exponential model offers a simple but effective method to approximate the waterfall region performance of Turbo codes, which is generally intricate for analytical bounding techniques. By combining the proposed exponential model with the well known union bound estimate, the paper derives a combined performance model to extend the performance estimate within moderate to high SNR region. Moreover, it is shown that, only the free distance term of the weight spectrum is not always enough for a reasonable estimate of the error floor region performance, especially when the free distance multiplicity is small. Numerical results are presented to validate the applicability of the proposed performance model.
Training and Turnover in the Evolution of Organizations

An organization's decision whether or not to train its workers affects the overall economy, even if the firm does not factor the economy into its decision. If all firms within an industry fail to train their workers, the whole economy suffers. Hence, training workers is a type of public good, a category that encompasses a broad range of social dilemmas. Employees face a similar dilemma in their choice of how much to contribute to the overall productivity of the organization. If employees receive a share of the profits regardless of their contribution, some may decide to free ride on the efforts of their fellow workers. If all employees decide to do so, the company will fail.The two dilemmas on the employee and organizational levels are closely interrelated. On one side, the benefits of training accrue only to the extent that employees contribute to the organization. Thus, a firm should take into account how it expects a training program to affect employee effort as well as employee turnover. On the other side, trained workers produce at higher rates, which in turn may affect how much they contribute and how often they migrate to other firms in comparison with untrained workers.The authors study the dynamics of training and turnover in firms facing both organizational- and employee-level dilemmas. First they establish a simple model that captures those conflicts and incorporates imperfect information and both worker and organizational expectations. Organizations can be both created and dissolved, and employees can move between firms, start new ones, or leave the industry for good. Next the authors summarize the different ways the dilemmas can unfold over time, collated from a number of computer experiments. For example, under one set of conditions, the double dilemma can be resolved for the industry as a whole and productivity then increases steadily over time. Alternatively, the organizational-level dilemma may remain unresolved and workers may contribute at fluctuating levels. In that case the overall productivity stays low. The authors find a positive correlation between high productivity, low turnover, and enterprise size, a relation that has also been observed in the empirical literature on training, stability, and turnover in organizations.
Doppler radar in respiratory monitoring: Detection and analysis

This paper presents the preliminary results of our work in detecting respiration using Doppler Radar in the 2.7 GHz operating band. We demonstrate the capability of Doppler Radar in capturing breathing patterns under various breathing forms such as normal breathing, fast breathing, as well as different rate of inhale and exhale. From the captured signals, respiration rate was obtained using Fast Fourier Transform and validated. The proposed approach could potentially be used in number of applications involving breathing rate and breathing pattern analysis via non-contact methods.
absorption spectroscopy Characterization of metalloproteins by high-throughput X-ray Material

Material Supplemental http://genome.cshlp. org/content/suppl/2011/04/05/gr.115097. 110.DC1. html References http://genome.cshlp. org/content/21/6/898.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 44 articles, 16 of which can be accessed free at: License Commons Creative http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. described at a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License), as ). After six months, it is available under http://genome.cshlp. org/site/misc/terms.xhtml first six months after the full-issue publication date (see This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the
Enhanced Power Density and Decolorization of Air-cathode Single-chamber Microbial Fuel Cells with Microfiltration Membranes

In order to increase the power output and reduce the cost of MFCs, micro filtration membrane (MFM) air-cathode MFC (MFM-MFC) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) air-cathode MFC (PEM-MFC) were compared in the performance of the simultaneous decolorization of azo dye and power generation. Batch test results showed that the PEM-MFC produced a maximum power density of 272 mW/m2. The using the MFM in stead of the PEM increased the maximum power density to 310 mW/m2. The coulombic efficiencies were 7.25% and 19.9% in the MFM-MFC and PEM-MFC, respectively. An accelerated decolorization of Congo red was observed in the MFM-MFC which was due to its lower internal resistance. The HPLC chromatogram of anode solution indicated that the decolorization of Congo red can be achieved and the do colorization products were accumulated and could not be further degraded in the MFC. This study suggests that it is feasible for the MFC using MFM in place of PEM in the operation of the simultaneous decolorization of azo dye and power generation.
Prediction of molecular subtypes in acute myeloid leukemia based on gene expression profiling

This study shows that gene expression profiling allows accurate prediction of certain acute myeloid leukemia subtypes, e.g. those characterized by expression of chimeric transcription factors. We examined the gene expression profiles of two independent cohorts of patients with acute myeloid leukemia [n=247 and n=214 (younger than or equal to 60 years)] to study the applicability of gene expression profiling as a single assay in prediction of acute myeloid leukemia-specific molecular subtypes. The favorable cytogenetic acute myeloid leukemia subtypes, i.e., acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21), t(15;17) or inv(16), were predicted with maximum accuracy (positive and negative predictive value: 100%). Mutations in NPM1 and CEBPA were predicted less accurately (positive predictive value: 66% and 100%, and negative predictive value: 99% and 97% respectively). Various other characteristic molecular acute myeloid leukemia subtypes, i.e., mutant FLT3 and RAS, abnormalities involving 11q23, −5/5q-, −7/7q-, abnormalities involving 3q (abn3q) and t(9;22), could not be correctly predicted using gene expression profiling. In conclusion, gene expression profiling allows accurate prediction of certain acute myeloid leukemia subtypes, e.g. those characterized by expression of chimeric transcription factors. However, detection of mutations affecting signaling molecules and numerical abnormalities still requires alternative molecular methods.
Simplifying Text Processing with Grammatically Aware Regular Expressions

In our paper we introduce Grammatically Aware Regular expression (GARE) and describe its usage using examples from moral consequences retrieval task. GARE is an extension to the regular expression concept that overcomes many of the difficulties with traditional regexp by adding Normalization (e.g., searching all grammatical forms with basic form of a verb or adjective is possible) or POS awareness (e.g. searching only for adjectives after “wa” particle is possible). We explain how it works, what makes it more expressive for natural language, and how it solves a number of matching cases that traditional regular expressions cannot solve on their own.
Development and standardization of tinnitus handicap inventory in Kannada.

INTRODUCTION Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) was developed in English to quantify the handicap caused due to tinnitus. According to a survey conducted by USA, 40 million people are affected by tinnitus. OBJECTIVES India being a multilingual country needs to develop and standardize THI in Indian languages. The present study concentrates on Developing and Standardizing THI in Kannada. MATERIALS AND METHODS Questions from English version of THI were translated and modified by two professionals who have a degree of MA Kannada. Translated inventory was given to 50 native Kannada speakers for the familiarity check & the most familiar sentences were included in the study. Tinnitus questionnaire was then administered, followed by the Kannada version of THI on 140 patients and total scores were obtained. RESULTS Analysis revealed 14% of the patients fall under the category of Slight, 38% under Mild, 26% under Moderate, 16% under Severe and 6% under Catastrophic group. An item total correlation and Cronbach-alpha test was administered to examine the reliability measures and the scores were 0.883 and 0.885 on standardized item. CONCLUSION Scores of Cronbach-alpha test shows that Kannada version of THI is a standard and reliable tool for measuring the handicap caused by tinnitus and can successfully classify individuals on a severity basis.
Immunomodulation on the ocular surface: a review

The increasing understanding of immune mechanisms changed our perception of the ocular surface, which is now considered a compartment of the common mucosal immune system. It offered the possibility to alter the physiological immune response on the ocular surface and effectively combat inflammation, which impairs stability of the tear film and causes tear hyperosmolarity, causing symptoms of dry eye disease. The paper provides an overview of ocular surface anatomy and physiology, explains the underlying mechanisms of dry eye disease and discusses novel and promising treatment modalities, such as cyclosporine A, biological therapies using autologous serum and various growth factors as well as experimental treatment methods which are currently being investigated.
Alzheimer’s Biomarkers are Correlated with Brain Connectivity in Older Adults Differentially during Resting and Task States

β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and tau-related neurodegeneration are pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The utility of AD biomarkers, including those measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in predicting future AD risk and cognitive decline is still being refined. Here, we explored potential relationships between functional connectivity (FC) patterns within the default-mode network (DMN), age, CSF biomarkers (Aβ42 and pTau181), and cognitive status in older adults. Multiple measures of FC were explored, including a novel time series-based measure [total interdependence (TI)]. In our sample of 27 cognitively normal older adults, no significant associations were found between levels of Aβ42 or pTau181 and cognitive scores or regional brain volumes. However, we observed several novel relationships between these biomarkers and measures of FC in DMN during both resting-state and a short-term memory task. First, increased connectivity between bilateral anterior middle temporal gyri was associated with higher levels of CSF Aβ42 and Aβ42/pTau181 ratio (reflecting lower AD risk) during both rest and task. Second, increased bilateral parietal connectivity during the short-term memory task, but not during rest, was associated with higher levels of CSF pTau181 (reflecting higher AD risk). Third, increased connectivity between left middle temporal and left parietal cortices during the active task was associated with decreased global cognitive status but not CSF biomarkers. Lastly, we found that our new TI method was more sensitive to the CSF Aβ42-connectivity relationship whereas the traditional cross-correlation method was more sensitive to levels of CSF pTau181 and cognitive status. With further refinement, resting-state connectivity and task-driven connectivity measures hold promise as non-invasive neuroimaging markers of Aβ and pTau burden in cognitively normal older adults.
Cross-layer Resource Control to Improve TCP Performance over Wireless Network

Wireless networks are poised to support the existing congestion control mechanisms inherited from wired network. Hence, an in-depth understanding and comparative evaluation are necessary to effectively assess and enable the possible trade-offs in quality of service, power consumption, implementation complexity, and spectrum utilization that are provided by the various OSI layers. Traditional networking approaches optimize separately each of the three layers: physical layer, medium access and routing. This may lead to suboptimal solutions. In this work, we propose a cross-layer resource allocation scheme for wireless networks, which allocates bandwidth resources while considering link layer states. We study and compare the performance of TCP under the cross-layer optimization and traditional congestion control scheme, and show that TCP starves some flows, whereas cross-layer scheme removes starvation, provides significantly better fairness, and achieves 15% higher aggregate throughput.
Aquinas, Seligman, and positive psychology: A Christian approach to the use of the virtues in psychology

Abstract This article addresses the significance of using virtues in psychology for research and interventions. It compares Martin Seligman’s secular or genetic approach to positive psychology and Thomas Aquinas’s Christian virtue theory, observing that amidst the similarities between these approaches, there are marked differences that are rooted in their philosophical and theological assumptions and are seen in their accounts of virtues and character strengths. Explicitly acknowledging suppositions opens the way to distinguish the three dimensions of virtue: the reason-based (moral aims and spiritual goals), act-based (acts and behavior), and agent-based (habits and dispositions) dimensions. It also permits identifying the uniqueness of the human person as both an object of study and an acting subject in therapy. The article explores the significance of these dimensions for research and good practices by comparing flourishing in Aquinas’s Christian approach to the ‘connection of the virtues’ and Seligman’s generic or secular approach to ‘integrity’.
Wireless distributed computing: a survey of research challenges

Recent advancements in radio technology provide great flexibility and enhanced capabilities in executing wireless services. One of these capabilities that can provide significant advantages over traditional approaches is the concept of collaborative computing in wireless networks. With collaborative radio nodes, multiple independent radio nodes operate together to form a wireless distributed computing (WDC) network with significantly increased performance, operating efficiency, and abilities over a single node. WDC exploits wireless connectivity to share processing- intensive tasks among multiple devices. The goals are to reduce per-node and network resource requirements, and enable complex applications not otherwise possible, e.g., image processing in a network of small form factor radio nodes. As discussed in this article, WDC research aims to quantify the benefits of distributed processing over local processing, extend traditional distributed computing (DC) approaches to allow operation in dynamic radio environments, and meet design and implementation challenges unique to WDC with the help of recently available enabling technologies, such as software radios and cognitive radios.
Letts Calculate: Moral Accounting in the Victorian Period

This essay examines the importance of an accounting culture for the rise of marginalism in Victorian England. I trace the use of accounting tools in family and private life to fend off uncertainties in the market and to enhance moral control of the self, examining the use of diaristic accounting for two Victorians, George Eliot and William Stanley Jevons, in more detail. The philosopher of mind Alexander Bain recommended the use of mercantile accounting tools, Benjamin Franklin's moral algebra in particular, to harness the mind against emotional and myopic decision making. Bain's recommendation was critically tested by Eliot in Middlemarch and used by Jevons to naturalize the mind's balancing of pleasures and pains as an algebra of feelings. Washing out all differences between reason and emotion, Jevons's theory of pleasure and pain became foundational for the economists' theory of utility. Contemporary critics of rational choice theory take this naturalized image of the economic agent as its bogeyman, ignoring the social infrastructure that brought this agent, thinking as a merchant, into existence. The idea that we calculate captures a sociohistorical reality, rather than a physiological or psychological fact.
Interaction of Proliferation Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) with c-Abl in Cell Proliferation and Response to DNA Damages in Breast Cancer

Cell proliferation in primary and metastatic tumors is a fundamental characteristic of advanced breast cancer. Further understanding of the mechanism underlying enhanced cell growth will be important in identifying novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Here we demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a critical event in growth regulation of breast cancer cells. We found that phosphorylation of PCNA at tyrosine 211 (Y211) enhanced its association with the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl. We further demonstrated that c-Abl facilitates chromatin association of PCNA and is required for nuclear foci formation of PCNA in cells stressed by DNA damage as well as in unperturbed cells. Targeting Y211 phosphorylation of PCNA with a cell-permeable peptide inhibited the phosphorylation and reduced the PCNA-Abl interaction. These results show that PCNA signal transduction has an important impact on the growth regulation of breast cancer cells.