Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atypical Antipsychotics as Augmentation Therapy in Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a life-threatening and difficult to treat mental illness with the highest mortality rates of any psychiatric disorder. We aimed to garner preliminary data on the real-world use of olanzapine and aripiprazole as augmentation agents of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in adult inpatients affected by AN. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical charts of patients who were hospitalized between 2012 and 2014. Patients were evaluated upon admission and discharge. We investigated eating symptomatology, and both general and eating psychopathology using: Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Yale-Brown-Cornell Eating Disorders Scale. The charts of 75 patients were included in this study. The sample resulted equally distributed among those receiving SSRIs and either aripiprazole or olanzapine in addition to SSRIs. Notwithstanding a few baseline clinical differences, upon discharge all groups were significantly improved on all measures. Interestingly, aripiprazole showed the greatest effectiveness in reducing eating-related preoccupations and rituals with a large effect size. The body of evidence on medication management in AN is in dismal condition. Augmentation therapy is a well-established approach to a variety of mental disorders and it is often used in every-day clinical practice with patients affected by AN as well. Nevertheless, to date very little data is available on this topic. Results from our sample yielded promising results on the effectiveness of aripiprazole augmentation in reducing eating-related obsessions and compulsions. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these encouraging findings.
RS and GIS‐based Statistical Analysis of Secondary Geological Disasters after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

Using RS and GIS means, this article analyzes the general geological characteristics and the structural belt distribution features in Wenchuan County, Sichuan province, P.R. China as well as the characteristics of the large‐scale landslides, mud‐rock flows, earthquake lakes, etc., after the earthquake on May 12, 2008. Based on the above work, comprehensive indoor and outdoor research is launched on disaster distribution characteristics and their relationship with earthquakes, terrains, strata, lithology, and structures. Weights of evidence method is utilized to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the spatial distribution of secondary geological disasters after the earthquake occurred. 3 remedying grades for secondary geological disasters are derived from the results of the weights of Evidence, followed by suggestions given to remedy earthquake secondary disasters.
Automatic image annotation via local multi-label classification

As the consequence of semantic gap, visual similarity does not guarantee semantic similarity, which in general is conflicting with the inherent assumption of many generative-based image annotation methods. While discriminative learning approach had often been used to classify images into different semantic classes, its efficiency is often impaired by the problems of multi-labeling and large scale concept space typically encountered in practical image annotation tasks. In this paper, we explore solutions to the problems of large scale concept space learning and mismatch between semantic and visual space. To tackle the first problem, we explore the use of higher level semantic space with lower dimension by clustering correlated keywords into topics in the local neighborhood. The topics are used as lexis for assigning multiple labels for unlabeled images. To tackle the problem of semantic gap, we aim to reduce the bias between visual and semantic spaces by finding optimal margins in both spaces. In particular, we propose an iterative solution by alternately maximizing the sum of the margins to reduce the gap between visual similarity and semantic similarity. The experimental results on the ECCV2002 benchmark show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art generative-based annotation method MBRM and discriminative-based ASVM-MIL by 9% and 11% in terms of F1 measure respectively.
32nm gate-first high-k/metal-gate technology for high performance low power applications

A 32 nm gate-first high-k/metal-gate technology is demonstrated with the strongest performance reported to date to the best of our knowledge. Drive currents of 1340/940 muA/mum (n/p) are achieved at Ioff=100 nA/mum, Vdd=1 V, 30 nm physical gate length and 130 nm gate pitch. This technology also provides a high-Vt solution for high-performance low-power applications with its high drive currents of 1020/700 muA/mum (n/p) at total Ioff ~1 nA/mum @ Vdd = 1V. Low sub-threshold leakage was achieved while successfully containing Iboff and Igoff well below 1 nA/um. Ultra high density 0.15 um2 SRAM cell is fabricated by high NA 193 nm immersion lithography. Functional 2 Mb SRAM test-chip in 32 nm design rule has been demonstrated with a controllable manufacturing window.
Modeling the natural degradation of earthworks

Stratigraphic, topographic, and ground‐penetrating radar data obtained from a ca. 1800‐year‐old embankment and adjacent ditch at the Hopewell Mound Group (Chillicothe, Ohio) are used to validate the archaeological application of a simple finite‐differences diffusion model employed frequently to assess geomorphic change in natural landscapes. Although diffusion models have been used to describe the topographic degradation of landforms in a variety of geomorphic terrains, the approach has not been applied to ancient earthworks in an archaeological context. The results of this study indicate that a variety of initial earthwork forms can result in the sinusoidal profile apparent on the current landscape. Using the model results to interpret the field data, we suggest that the initial embankment form was steeper and the adjacent ditch was deeper. As a result of natural degradation processes, the earthwork widened and flattened over time. These results have broad implications for any study aimed at: (1) assessing the function of original earthwork forms, (2) determining the formation processes of complicated stratigraphies or artifact assemblages, (3) estimating the time and labor investment required for construction, or (4) identifying the socio‐political structures necessary to build earthworks. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A modular simulation framework for architectural exploration of on-chip interconnection networks

Ever increasing complexity and heterogeneity of SoC platforms require on-chip communication schemes beyond the currently omnipresent shared bus architectures. To prevent time consuming design changes late in the design flow, we propose the early exploration of the on-chip communication architecture to meet performance and cost requirements. Based on SystemC 2.0. 1 we have defined a modular exploration framework, which is able to capture the effect on performance for different on-chip networks like dedicated point-to-point, shared bus, and crossbar topologies. Monitoring of performance parameters like utilization, latency and throughput drives the mapping of the intermodule traffic to an efficient communication architecture. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated by the exemplary design of a high performance Network Processing Unit (NPU), which is compared against a commercial NPU device.
A 5-year experience with an elective scholarly concentrations program

Problem Programs that encourage scholarly activities beyond the core curriculum and traditional biomedical research are now commonplace among US medical schools. Few studies have generated outcome data for these programs. The goal of the present study was to address this gap. Intervention The Scholarly Concentration (SC) Program, established in 2006 at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, is a 4-year elective program that not only encourages students to pursue scholarly work that may include traditional biomedical research but also seeks to broaden students’ focus to include less traditional areas. We compared characteristics and academic performance of SC students and non-SC students for the graduating classes of 2010–2014. Context Approximately one-third of our students opt to complete an SC during their 4-year undergraduate medical education. Because this program is additional to the regular MD curriculum, we sought to investigate whether SC students sustained the academic achievement of non-SC students while at the same time producing scholarly work as part of the program. Outcome Over 5 years, 35% of students elected to enter the program and approximately 81% of these students completed the program. The parameters that were similar for both SC and non-SC students were age at matriculation, admission route, proportion of undergraduate science majors, and number of undergraduate science courses. Most academic indicators, including United States Medical Licensing Examinations scores, were similar for the two groups; however, SC students achieved more honors in the six core clerkships and were more likely to be inducted into the medical school's two honor societies. Residency specialties selected by graduates in the two groups were similar. SC students published an average of 1.3 peer-reviewed manuscripts per student, higher than the 0.8 manuscripts per non-SC student (p=0.013). Conclusions An elective, interdisciplinary scholarly program with a focus beyond traditional biomedical research offers students the opportunity to expand the scope of their medical education without an untoward effect on academic performance or residency placement.
Constrained Ordination Analysis with Enrichment of Bell-Shaped Response Functions

Constrained ordination methods aims at finding an environmental gradient along which the species abundances are maximally separated. The species response functions, which describe the expected abundance as a function of the environmental score, are according to the ecological fundamental niche theory only meaningful if they are bell-shaped. Many classical model-based ordination methods, however, use quadratic regression models without imposing the bell-shape and thus allowing for meaningless U-shaped response functions. The analysis output (e.g. a biplot) may therefore be potentially misleading and the conclusions are prone to errors. In this paper we present a log-likelihood ratio criterion with a penalisation term to enforce more bell-shaped response shapes. We report the results of a simulation study and apply our method to metagenomics data from microbial ecology.
NTUplace2: a hybrid placer using partitioning and analytical techniques

In this paper, we present a hybrid placer, called NTUplace2, which integrates both the partitioning and the analytical (quadratic programming) placement techniques for large-scale mixed-size designs. Unlike most existing placers that minimize wirelength alone, we also control the cell density to optimize routability while minimizing the total wirelength. NTUplace2 consists of three major stages: multilevel global placement, legalization, and detailed placement. To handle mixed-size designs, in particular, we present a linear programming based legalization algorithm to remove overlaps between macros during global placement. Various other techniques are integrated to improve the solution quality at every stage.
Aerosol optical depth enhancement in partly cloudy conditions

1. Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 2. Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98095 3. Colorado State University, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Fort Collins, CO 80523 4. Air Resources Division, National Park Service Fort Collins, CO 80523 5. Western Regional Air Partnership, Western Governors’ Association, Fort Collins, CO 80523
Recurrence of Subdural Haematoma in a Population-Based Cohort – Risks and Predictive Factors

Objectives To estimate the risks of and identify predictors for recurrent subdural haematoma in surgically and conservatively treated patients. Methods The cohort comprised all individuals diagnosed with a first-time subdural hematoma in Denmark 1996–2011. Information on potential predictors was retrieved from the Danish health registers. Cumulative recurrence risks were estimated using the Aalen-Johansen estimator. Rate ratios (RR) were estimated using Poisson regression. Results Among 10,158 individuals with a subdural hematoma, 1,555 had a recurrent event. The cumulative risk of recurrent subdural hematoma was 9% at 4 weeks after the primary bleeding, increasing to and stabilising at 14% after one year. Predictors associated with recurrence were: Male sex (RR 1.60, 95% CI:1.43–1.80), older age (>70 years compared to 20–49 years; RR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.21–1.65), alcohol addiction (RR 1.20, 95% CI:1.04–1.37), surgical treatment (RR 1.76, 95% CI:1.58–1.96), trauma diagnoses (RR 1.14, 95% CI:1.03–1.27), and diabetes mellitus (RR 1.40, 95% CI:1.11–1.74). Out of a selected combination of risk factors, the highest cumulative 1-year recurrence risks for subdural hematoma of 25% (compared to 14% for all patients) was found in surgically treated males with diabetes mellitus. Conclusions The recurrence risk of subdural hematoma is largely limited to the first year. Patient characteristics including co-morbidities greatly influence the recurrence risk of SDH, suggesting that individualized prognostic guidance and follow-up is needed.
Alcohol Worsens Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting Alveolar Sodium Transport through the Adenosine A1 Receptor

Objective Alcohol intake increases the risk of acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and is associated with poor outcomes in patients who develop these syndromes. No specific therapies are currently available to treat or decrease the risk of ARDS in patients with alcoholism. We have recently shown increased levels of lung adenosine inhibit alveolar fluid clearance, an important predictor of outcome in patients with ARDS. We hypothesized that alcohol might worsen lung injury by increasing lung adenosine levels, resulting in impaired active Na+ transport in the lung. Methods We treated wild-type mice with alcohol administered i.p. to achieve blood alcohol levels associated with moderate to severe intoxication and measured the rate of alveolar fluid clearance and Na,K-ATPase expression in peripheral lung tissue and assessed the effect of alcohol on survival during exposure to hyperoxia. We used primary rat alveolar type II cells to investigate the mechanisms by which alcohol regulates alveolar Na+ transport. Results Exposure to alcohol reduced alveolar fluid clearance, downregulated Na,K-ATPase in the lung tissue and worsened hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Alcohol caused an increase in BAL fluid adenosine levels. A similar increase in lung adenosine levels was observed after exposure to hyperoxia. In primary rat alveolar type II cells alcohol and adenosine decreased the abundance of the Na,K-ATPase at the basolateral membrane via a mechanism that required activation of the AMPK. Conclusions Alcohol decreases alveolar fluid clearance and impairs survival from acute lung injury. Alcohol induced increases in lung adenosine levels may be responsible for reduction in alveolar fluid clearance and associated worsening of lung injury.
Effectiveness and efficiency of different guidelines on statin treatment for preventing deaths from coronary heart disease: modelling study

Abstract Objective To examine the potential effectiveness and efficiency of different guidelines for statin treatment to reduce deaths from coronary heart disease in the Canadian population. Design Modelled outcomes of screening and treatment recommendations of six national or international guidelines—from Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, joint British societies, and European societies. Setting Canada. Data sources Details for 6760 men and women aged 20-74 years from the Canadian Heart Health Survey (weighted sample of 12 300 000 people) that included physical measurements including a lipid profile. Main outcome measures The number of people recommended for treatment with statins, the potential number of deaths from coronary heart disease avoided, and the number needed to treat to avoid one coronary heart disease death with five years of statin treatment if the recommendations from each guideline were fully implemented. Results When applied to the Canadian population, the Australian and British guidelines were the most effective, potentially avoiding the most deaths over five years (> 15 000 deaths). The New Zealand guideline was the most efficient, potentially avoiding almost as many deaths (14 700) while recommending treatment to the fewest number of people (12.9% of people v 17.3% with the Australian and British guidelines). If their “optional” recommendations are included, the US guidelines recommended treating about twice as many people as the New Zealand guidelines (24.5% of the population, an additional 1.4 million people) with almost no increase in the number of deaths avoided. Conclusions By focusing recommendations on people with the highest risk of coronary heart disease, the Canadian, US, and European societies guidelines could improve either their effectiveness (in terms of hundreds of avoided deaths) or efficiency (in terms of thousands of fewer people recommended treatment) in the Canadian population.
A hydrologic post-processor for ensemble streamflow predictions

Abstract. This paper evaluates the performance of a statistical post-processor for imperfect hydrologic model forecasts. Assuming that the meteorological forecasts are well-calibrated, we employ a "General Linear Model (GLM)" to post-process simulations produced by a hydrologic model. For a particular forecast date, the observations and simulations from an "analysis window" and hydrologic model forecasts for a "forecast window", the GLM Post-Processor (GLMPP) is used to produce an ensemble of predictions of the streamflow observations that will occur during the "forecast window". The objectives of the GLMPP are to: (1) preserve any skill in the original hydrologic ensemble forecast; (2) correct systematic model biases; (3) retain the equal-likelihood assumption for the ensemble; (4) preserve temporal scale dependency relationships in streamflow hydrographs and the uncertainty in the predictions; and, (5) produce reliable ensemble predictions. Observed and simulated daily streamflow data from the Second Workshop on Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) are used to test how well these objectives are met when the GLMPP is applied to ensemble hydrologic forecasts driven by well calibrated meteorological forecasts. A 39-year hydrologic dataset from the French Broad basin is split into calibration and verification periods. The results show that the GLMPP built using data from the calibration period removes the mean bias when applied to hydrologic model simulations from both the calibration and verification periods. Probability distributions of the post-processed model simulations are shown to be closer to the climatological probability distributions of observed streamflow than the distributions of the unadjusted simulated flows. A number of experiments with different GLMPP configurations were also conducted to examine the effects of different configurations for forecast and analysis window lengths on the robustness of the results.
Logical Step-Indexed Logical Relations

We show how to reason about "step-indexed" logical relations in an abstract way, avoiding the tedious, error-prone, and proof-obscuring step-index arithmetic that seems superficially to be an essential element of the method. Specifically, we define a logic LSLR, which is inspired by Plotkin and Abadi's logic for parametricity, but also supports recursively defined relations by means of the modal"later" operator from Appel et al.'s "very modal model" paper. We encode in LSLR a logical relation for reasoning(in-)equationally about programs in call-by-value System F extended with recursive types. Using this logical relation, we derive a useful set of rules with which we can prove contextual (in-)equivalences without mentioning step indices.
Condition-Based Complexity of Convex Optimization in Conic Linear Form via the Ellipsoid Algorithm

A convex optimization problem in conic linear form is an optimization problem of the form $$\begin{array}{lclr} CP(d): & {\rm maximize} & c^{T}x \\ & \mbox{ s. t. } & b-Ax \in C_{Y},\\ & & x \in C_{X} , \\ \end{array}$$ where $C_{X}$ and $C_{Y}$ are closed convex cones in $n$- and $m$-dimensional spaces $X$ and $Y,$ respectively, and the data for the system is $d=(A,b,c)$. We show that there is a version of the ellipsoid algorithm that can be applied to find an $\epsilon$-optimal solution of $CP(d)$ in at most $O(n^2\ln (\frac{{\cal C}(d)\|c\|_*}{c_1\epsilon}))$ iterations of the ellipsoid algorithm, where each iteration must either perform a separation cut on one of the cones $C_X$ or $C_Y$ or perform a related optimality cut. The quantity ${\cal C}(d)$ is the ``condition number" of the program $CP(d)$ originally developed by Renegar and is essentially a scale-invariant reciprocal of the smallest data perturbation $\Delta d=(\Delta A,\Delta b, \Delta c)$ for which the system $CP(d+\Delta d)$ becomes either infeasible or unbounded. The scalar quantity $c_1$ is a constant that depends only on the simple notion of the ``width" of the cones and is independent of the problem data $d=(A,b,c)$ but may depend on the dimensions $m$ and/or $n$.
A priority ceiling protocol with dynamic adjustment of serialization order

The difficulties of providing a guarantee of meeting transaction deadlines in hard real-time database systems lie in the problems of priority inversion and of deadlocks. Priority inversion and deadlock problems ensue when concurrency control protocols are adapted in priority-driven scheduling. The blocking delay due to priority inversion can be unbounded, which is unacceptable in the mission-critical real-time applications. Some priority ceiling protocols have been proposed to tackle these two problems. However, they are too conservative in scheduling transactions for the single-blocking and deadlock-free properties, leading to many unnecessary transaction blockings. The authors analyze the unnecessary transaction blocking problem inherent in these priority ceiling protocols and investigate the conditions for allowing a higher priority transaction to preempt a lower priority transaction using the notion of dynamic adjustment of serialization order. A new priority ceiling protocol is proposed to solve the unnecessary blocking problem, thus enhancing schedulability. They also devise the worst-case schedulability analysis for the new protocol which provides a better schedulability condition than other protocols.