Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, characteristics and causes of aggressive behaviour observed within a neurobehavioural rehabilitation service: Predictors and implications for management

Primary objective: To describe the characteristics and determinants of aggressive behaviour observed within a neurobehavioural unit. Research design: Statistical analysis of a database of routinely administered clinical measures, including the Overt Aggression Scale–Modified for Neurorehabilitation. Methods and procedures: Records of aggressive behaviour shown by 108 patients over 14 days were studied. Patient characteristics were also captured using 23 items from the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago–Functional Assessment Scale. Four factors were identified: ‘communication’, ‘cognition/function’, ‘neurobehavioural disability’ and ‘mood & self-esteem’. Relationships between patient characteristics, external factors and their interactions with aggression were examined. Main outcomes and results: Many (5548) episodes of aggression were recorded. Whilst most comprised verbal aggression, 729 physical assaults were made on others. Aggressive behaviour typically followed staff prompting or no obvious antecedent. Medical intervention was rare, most aggression was managed by staff not reinforcing this behaviour. Over 80% of physical assaults were made by people rated as having severe symptoms of neurobehavioural disability and poor communication. Conclusions: Neurobehavioural units require sufficient staff resources to engage patients in purposeful activities as these were associated with the least severe aggression. Despite increased OAS-MNR usage, a standardized methodology for investigating aggression is required to ensure compatibility between datasets.
Joint determination of demand for inputs and choice of rice varieties in northern Thailand

The paper explores the potential of Khao Dawk Mali expansion in Northern Thailand as well as presents estimation of demand for variable inputs and choice of rice varieties as jointly determined by the profit-maximizing farmers. Results reveal that, Khao Dawk Mali provides economic advantage over glutinous varieties and can be conceived as a better alternative crop particularly in areas with inadequate irrigation and water control facilities. Consideration of the possibility of rice variety switching, that is, allowing the movement along a meta-production function, improved the elasticity estimates. A two-stage switching regression procedure which adjusts for selectivity bias is used to estimate the model. From the viewpoint of both cost-effectiveness and distributional consideration, price policies for raising rice yields and farm income in Chiang Mai province should focus on rice prices and tractor power prices.
Three different cellular proteins bind to complementary sites on the 5'-end-positive and 3'-end-negative strands of mouse hepatitis virus RNA

The termini of viral genomic RNA and its complementary strand are important in the initiation of viral RNA replication, which probably involves both viral and cellular proteins. To detect the possible cellular proteins involved in the replication of mouse hepatitis virus RNA, we performed RNA-protein binding studies with RNAs representing both the 5' and 3' ends of the viral genomic RNA and the 3' end of the negative-strand complementary RNA. Gel-retardation assays showed that both the 5'-end-positive- and 3'-end-negative-strand RNA formed an RNA-protein complex with cellular proteins from the uninfected cells. UV cross-linking experiments further identified a 55-kDa protein bound to the 5' end of the positive-strand viral genomic RNA and two proteins 35 and 38 kDa in size bound to the 3' end of the negative-strand cRNA. The results of the competition assay confirmed the specificity of this RNA-protein binding. No proteins were found to bind to the 3' end of the viral genomic RNA under the same conditions. The binding site of the 55-kDa protein was mapped within the 56-nucleotide region from nucleotides 56 to 112 from the 5' end of the positive-strand RNA, and the 35- and 38-kDa proteins bound to the complementary region on the negative-strand RNA. The 38-kDa protein was detected only in DBT cells but was not detected in HeLa or COS cells, while the 35-kDa protein was found in all three cell types. The juxtaposition of the different cellular proteins on the complementary sites near the ends of the positive- and negative-strand RNAs suggests that these proteins may interact with each other and play a role in mouse hepatitis virus RNA replication.
Factors that Contribute to the Effectiveness of Internal Audit in Public Sector

The establishment of IA function is important as an essential internal assurance mechanism in public financial controls and as a tool for monitoring and evaluating financial management activities in government agencies. In addition it will assist government organizations to achieve accountability and integrity, improve the implementation of government programs and develop confidence among citizens and stakeholders as well as to cater any risk of mismanagement of public fund. This study investigates the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of internal audit in the Malaysian public sector. It is to determine the auditors’ perception toward the effectiveness of internal audit work, influenced by the quality of audit work in order to perform in an effective manner as control instrument in public financial management. It also aims to determine the relationship between factors that contribute to the effectiveness of IA works in promoting better transparency and integrity of public management. The scope of this study covers the internal auditors that work in the ministries in Putrajaya. This study employs a cross sectional survey to investigate the effectiveness of internal audit. Several statistical techniques such as the descriptive statistic, correlation and regression analysis were used to analyse the data from the survey. The result of the study showed that there were significant positive relationships among the factors analyzed in this study such as auditor competency, auditors’ independence and objectivity and management support to the effectiveness of internal audit. Thus, the effectiveness of internal audit will depend strongly to the attributes of the factors analysed in this study.
Humor, stress, and coping strategies

Abstract This study explored relationships between sense of humor, stress, and coping strategies. Undergraduate students (N=258) from introductory psychology courses completed a perceived stress scale, an everyday problems scale, a state anxiety inventory, a sense of humor scale, and a scale assessing their preferred coping strategies. High and low sense of humor groups were determined by selecting participants with self-reported sense of humor at one standard deviation above and below the overall mean on the sense of humor scale. The high sense of humor group appraised less stress and reported less current anxiety than a low sense of humor group despite experiencing a similar number of everyday problems in the previous two months. The high humor group was more likely to use positive reappraisal and problem-solving coping strategies than the low humor group. A weaker relationship existed between appraisal of stress and number of problems in the low humor group because this group perceived greater stress at low and average number of everyday problems than the high humor group. The results were discussed as supporting the role of humor in restructuring a situation so it is less stressful, and the relationship of humor to both emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies.
Blockchain – it’s practical use for National Data Centres

E-government has been an essential part of the targets set forth by all governments that are signatory to the United Nations 2030 sustainable development goals which am to create effective, accountable and inclusive governments. In order to achieve e-government in the most efficient manner, more and more governments around the world are embracing cloud storage and cloud applications as the de facto standard for data storage, archiving, analysis and manipulation. The amounts of money that governments will spend are huge and the infrastructure requirements far exceed the capabilities of most government institutions. Models such as centralized management of cloud infrastructure have been adopted but this defeats the purpose of cloud computing where resources and even management of those resources are decentralized. In this paper we present a proposal for a standard model for governments to utilize their existing or planned cloud infrastructure and leverage private and public cloud infrastructure in order to achieve true cloud decentralization. We propose that Blockchain technologies provide the most optimal and quickest methods towards e-government. We look into the problem of analyzing big data in national data centres and methods of optimization based on already available technology.
Creatine and phosphocreatine: a review of their use in exercise and sport.

OBJECTIVE Creatine and phosphocreatine (PCr) are important compounds in the normal energy metabolism of muscle. Recently, it has been shown that dietary creatine (5 to 20 g/day) can increase muscle creatine and PCr, with enhancement in anaerobic exercise performance after two weeks of administration caused by an increase in anaerobic capacity. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE was searched from 1983 to 1996 using key word "creatine" along with "humans," "muscle," "exercise," and "transport. " Also, APStracts, the American Physiology Society search engine for abstracts, was searched from 1994 to 1996. DATA SYNTHESIS Creatine is transported into the muscle cell by a specific transporter, resulting in increased intracellular creatine and PCr. The PCr is capable of acting as an energy buffer, protecting the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration. Maintaining muscle nucleotides therefore enhances exercise performance and recovery. There have been reports that PCr protects the cells from ischemic damage and decreases the loss of nucleotides by stabilizing cell membranes. Indeed, intravenous PCr (2-4 g/day) has been administered to cyclists, resulting in a faster recovery time between training sessions. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS It is becoming evident that oral creatine supplementation may yield certain benefits to enhance the athlete's performance during maximal anaerobic exercise and interval training.
Dietary predictors of serum total carotene in low-income women living in São Paulo, south-east Brazil

Abstract Objective Dietary intake and nutritional status of antioxidant vitamins have been reported to protect against some cancers. The objective of the present study was to assess the correlations between serum levels of carotenoids (including β-, α- and γ-carotene), lycopene, retinol, α- and γ-tocopherols, and dietary intakes estimated by an FFQ, among low-income women in the Brazilian Investigation into Nutrition and Cervical Cancer Prevention (BRINCA) study. Design Cross-sectional study of data for 918 women aged 21–65 years participating in the BRINCA study in São Paulo city. Multiple linear regression models were used with serum nutrient levels as the dependent variable and dietary intake levels as the independent variable, adjusted for confounding factors. Results In energy-adjusted analyses, the intakes of dark green and deep yellow vegetables and fruits (partial R2 = 4·8 %), total fruits and juices (partial R2 = 1·8 %), vegetables and fruits (partial R2 = 1·8 %), carrots (partial R2 = 1·4 %) and citrus fruits and juices only (partial R2 = 0·8 %) were positively correlated only with serum total carotene levels, after adjusting for serum total cholesterol concentration, age, hospital attended, smoking status, BMI and presence of cervical lesions. Multiple-adjusted serum levels of carotenoids were positively correlated with intake quartiles of dark green and deep yellow vegetables and fruits and total fruits and juices independent of smoking status. Conclusions The intake of specific fruits and vegetables was an independent predictor of serum total carotene levels in low-income women living in São Paulo.
Robustness in Discrete Preference Games

In a discrete preference game, each agent is equipped with an internal belief and declares her preference from a discrete set of alternatives. The payoff of an agent depends on whether the declared preference agrees with the belief of the agent and on the coordination with the preferences declared by the neighbors of the agent in the underlying social network. These games have been used to model the formation of opinions and the adoption of innovations in social networks. Recently, researchers have obtained bounds on the Price of Anarchy and on the Price of Stability of discrete preference games and they have studied to which extent the winning preference reached via best-response dynamics disagrees with the majority of beliefs. In this work, we investigate the robustness of these results to variants of the model. Our starting point is the observation that bounds on the Price of Anarchy and Stability can be very dependent on the way the quality of an equilibrium is measured. On the other side, results about the disagreement between majority at equilibria and majority among beliefs continue to hold even if we consider different classes of dynamics, such as no-worse-response dynamics, best response with multiple players updating at the same time, or with weighted neighbors.
HIV‐1 viral load determination based on reverse transcriptase activity recovered from human plasma

We describe a procedure (ExaVir™ Load) to carry out human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) viral load testing using reverse transcriptase (RT) recovered from HIV‐1 virions in plasma. Samples from individuals infected with HIV‐1 were treated with a sulphydryl‐reactive agent to inactivate endogenous polymerases. Virions were then immobilised on a gel and washed in individual mini columns to remove RT‐inhibiting antibodies, antiviral drugs, and other RT inhibitors. Immobilised virions were lysed finally, and the viral RT eluted. The amount of RT recovered was quantified by a sensitive RT activity assay using either colorimetry or fluorimetry to detect DNA produced by RT. The “RT load” values of 390 samples from 302 HIV‐1 patients living in Sweden were compared to results obtained with an HIV‐1 RNA viral load assay. The correlation between the two tests was r = 0.90, P < 0.0001. Four of 202 samples from healthy blood donors gave low positive values in the RT test. All samples in a panel with 10 HIV‐1 subtypes were positive by the RT load. The RT load test provides a technically less demanding and cost‐effective alternative to methods based on nucleic acid amplification. Being insensitive to genetic drift occurring in HIV, the assay should be of particular use in resource‐limited settings, where different subtypes and recombinant HIV strains occur. J. Med. Virol. 71:347–359, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using lexical and Dependency Features to Disambiguate Discourse Connectives in Hindi

Discourse parsing is a challenging task in NLP and plays a crucial role in discourse analysis. To enable discourse analysis for Hindi, Hindi Discourse Relations Bank was created on a subset of Hindi TreeBank. The benefits of a discourse analyzer in automated discourse analysis, question summarization and question answering domains has motivated us to begin work on a discourse analyzer for Hindi. In this paper, we focus on discourse connective identification for Hindi. We explore various available syntactic features for this task. We also explore the use of dependency tree parses present in the Hindi TreeBank and study the impact of the same on the performance of the system. We report that the novel dependency features introduced have a higher impact on precision, in comparison to the syntactic features previously used for this task. In addition, we report a high accuracy of 96% for this task.
A comparative analysis on linear regression and support vector regression

In business, consumers interest, behavior, product profits are the insights required to predict the future of business with the current data or historical data. These insights can be generated with the statistical techniques for the purpose of forecasting. The statistical techniques can be evaluated for the predictive model based on the requirements of the data. The prediction and forecasting are done widely with time series data. Most of the applications such as weather forecasting, finance and stock market combine historical data with the current streaming data for better accuracy. However the time series data is analyzed with regression models. In this paper, linear regression and support vector regression model is compared using the training data set in order to use the correct model for better prediction and accuracy.
Molecular genetic perspectives on the Indian social structure

For historical reasons, the Indian subcontinent is endowed with enormous ethnic, cultural, and genetic heterogeneity of its people. In the process of understanding the dynamics and sociocultural complexity of Indian society, anthropologists have come up with a number of hypotheses involving certain social/cultural processes that may modulate evolutionary processes. In this article, we outline some of those hypotheses and present molecular genetic evidences, both published and unpublished, to demonstrate the effects of those social/cultural processes. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Common and Unique Risk Factors and Comorbidity for 12-Month Mood and Anxiety Disorders among Canadians

Objective: To explore the common and unique risk factors for mood and anxiety disorders. What sociodemographic, psychological, and physical risk factors are associated with mood and anxiety disorders and their comorbidities? What is the impact of multiple risk factors? Method: Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-Being were analyzed. Appropriate sampling weights and bootstrap variance estimation were employed. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and confidence intervals. Results: The annual prevalence of any mood disorder was 5.2%, and of any anxiety disorder 4.7%. Major depressive episode was the most prevalent mood and anxiety disorder (4.8%), followed by social phobia, panic disorder, mania, and agoraphobia. Among people with mood and anxiety disorders, 22.4% had 2 or more disorders. Risk factors common to mood and anxiety disorders were being young, having lower household income, being unmarried, experiencing greater stress, having poorer mental health, and having a medical condition. Unique risk factors were found: major depressive episode and social phobia were associated with being born in Canada; panic disorder was associated with being Caucasian; lower education was associated with panic and agoraphobia; and poor physical health was associated with mania and agoraphobia. People who were young, unmarried, not fully employed, and had a medical condition, greater stress, poorer self-rated mental health, and dissatisfaction with life, were more likely to have a comorbid mood and (or) anxiety disorder. As the number of common risk factors increases, the probability of having mood and anxiety disorders also increases. Conclusions: Common and unique risk factors exist for mood and anxiety disorders. Risk factors are additive in increasing the likelihood of disease.
Financial Reporting for Heritage Assets. Towards an International Public Sector Accounting Standard

In the last decades, a strong debate around the harmonization of public sector accounts spread at an international level. In this process, the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB), through the issuing of the IPSAS, and the EU Commission, through the launch of the European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSAS) project, have played a pivotal role. Within this stream of research, heritage assets accounting represents a problematic issue, still raising many concerns about (i) a proper definition of such items, (ii) the opportunity of their recognition in the financial reporting statements, (iii) the measurement criteria to adopt, (iv) the additional disclosing information to provide. Recently, the IPSASB opened a discussion by releasing the Consultation Paper (CP) “Financial Reporting for Heritage in the Public Sector”. Against this background, this paper intends to join in the debate on heritage reporting by carrying out a critical analysis of the CP in order to highlight its strengths, weaknesses and make recommendations. Hereby, we mainly refer to the Italian context. We address our research question by applying a qualitative method of investigation, through the review of relevant institutional documents issued by two main players in the cultural and accounting field (i.e. IPSASB and the MEF) with a critical eye. Our main finding is that, even if the proposals included in the CP represent a first step toward an organic regulation of heritage asset reporting, there remains much room for improvement, especially in finding a proper method to assess the financial value of such kind of assets.
Effect of distraction frequency on bone formation during bone lengtheningA study in chickens

We compared the effects of two distraction frequencies on bone formation during tibial lengthening by evaluating radiographs, bone mineral density, and histological findings. In 15 mature White Leghorn chickens, both tibiae were distracted at a rate of 0.75 mm/day for 10 days. The distraction frequency was 2 steps (0.375 mm/12 hour) by hand on the right side and 120 steps (0.00625 mm/12 min) by autodistractor on the left. Serial radiographs showed faster bone formation on the 120-step side than on the 2-step side. Bone mineral density on the 120-step side was also higher than that on the 2-step side at all times. On the 2-step side, endochondral ossification was marked in the early stage of distraction; then intramembranous ossification became the main mechanism of bone formation. On the 120-step side, however, intramembranous bone formation predominated throughout the study. Our findings support the contention that, at least in skeletally mature chickens, an increase in the distraction frequency improves osteogenesis during bone lengthening.
Commodity Program Provisions Under the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977

Commodity program provisions of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 are summarized. Price support, loan level, disaster payment, program acreage, and other provisions of the legislation are discussed for wheat and feed grains, cotton, rice, peanuts, soybeans, sugar, dairy products, and wool and mohair. Miscellaneous provisions and those applying to grain reserves and to the beekeeper indemnity program are also summarized.
Reflections on “the sources of management innovation” Mol & Birkinshaw, 2009

Abstract In this retrospective, I consider what has driven interest in a previously published article, in relation to more recent developments in the literature on management innovation, the creation, and implementation of new management practices. I suggest that this form of innovation had previously not received enough attention and that the first-time use of both the Community Innovation Survey, as a data source, and the behavioral theory of the firm, to theoretically underpin our understanding of management innovation, created further interest in this work. I then put forward two important recent developments. First, there have been attempts to bridge innovation processes in management practices with processes of diffusion of management practices. Second, a wider variety of research methods have come into play to study management innovations. I conclude there is substantial room for further work in this exciting area, for instance by looking at management innovation in emerging markets.