Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dorsal/ventral hippocampus, fornix, and conditioned place preference

Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a learning paradigm requiring formation of associations between reward and particular locations. White and McDonald (Behav Brain Res 1993;55:269–281) demonstrated that amygdala (AMG) lesions impair, while fornix (Fx) lesions enhance learning of this task. In the present experiments, we replicated the effects of AMG and Fx lesions, but we also found that complete hippocampal (HPC) lesions interfere with normal performance. Thus, the effects of Fx and HPC lesions on CPP are opposite. This is in contrast with spatial learning in the water maze. Because it has been demonstrated that damage of dorsal HPC interferes to a greater extent with spatial learning than damage of ventral HPC, we also tested animals with either dorsal or ventral HPC disruptions on CPP. Lesions limited to dorsal HPC were followed by impairment on this task. In contrast, lesions limited to ventral HPC resulted in enhanced learning. We argue that Fx and HPC lesions do not have interchangeable effects in all learning paradigms. To explain the complex pattern of results presently obtained, we propose a novel hypothesis regarding behavioral functions of HPC neural circuits. Implications regarding the interaction between memory systems are also considered. Hippocampus 2001;11:187–200. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Why is there gender disparity in the body mass index trends among adults in the 1997-2011 China health and nutrition surveys?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Over the past three decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in China has increased greatly. Chinese body mass index (BMI) dynamics have shown much greater rates of changes among men, aged 18-45 years, than among women. This study examined the gender difference in the BMI trends and related factors. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN We used longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey collected in 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2011. A total of 10,982 participants (N=5339 men and 5643 women) aged 18-45 years were included in the final analysis. Lambda mu sigma method (LMS) was used to describe changes of BMI distribution. Separate sex-stratified multilevel random intercept-slope growth models were applied to examine effects of individual and community variables on BMI trends of Chinese adults. RESULTS Male BMI increased by 0.21 kg/m2 overtime, which was larger than female BMI at 0.16 kg/m2. Higher income, drinking and away-from-home food consumption were associated with higher BMI, and these variables were only significant among men. Physical activity (PA) had a negative association for both genders. CONCLUSIONS Since different variables resulted in gender disparity in BMI trends among Chinese adults, separate health policies should be developed for men and for women.
GPS-Supported Visual SLAM with a Rigorous Sensor Model for a Panoramic Camera in Outdoor Environments

Accurate localization of moving sensors is essential for many fields, such as robot navigation and urban mapping. In this paper, we present a framework for GPS-supported visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping with Bundle Adjustment (BA-SLAM) using a rigorous sensor model in a panoramic camera. The rigorous model does not cause system errors, thus representing an improvement over the widely used ideal sensor model. The proposed SLAM does not require additional restrictions, such as loop closing, or additional sensors, such as expensive inertial measurement units. In this paper, the problems of the ideal sensor model for a panoramic camera are analysed, and a rigorous sensor model is established. GPS data are then introduced for global optimization and georeferencing. Using the rigorous sensor model with the geometric observation equations of BA, a GPS-supported BA-SLAM approach that combines ray observations and GPS observations is then established. Finally, our method is applied to a set of vehicle-borne panoramic images captured from a campus environment, and several ground control points (GCP) are used to check the localization accuracy. The results demonstrated that our method can reach an accuracy of several centimetres.
Transceiver Optimization for Unicast/Multicast MIMO Cognitive Overlay/Underlay Networks

In this work, we develop a majorization theory based linear precoding framework for optimal transceiver design in MIMO cognitive radio networks. Closed form expressions are derived for the optimal MIMO precoders using two new transceiver design paradigms, the zero-forcing transceiver (ZFT) and the interference optimized transceiver (IOT), for overlay and underlay MIMO cognitive radio networks respectively. Further, another novel contribution of this work is to derive the precoders for multicast MIMO cognitive radio scenarios based on novel multi-user mean-squared error (MSE) bounds. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed optimal MIMO transceivers.
Congestion-Aware Adaptive Routing with Quantitative Congestion Information

Congestion-aware adaptive routing can effectively improve the performance of Networks-on-Chip (NoC) due to its ability to accurately predict network congestion and make optimal routing decisions. Based on the fact that transporting quantitative congestion information is cost-prohibitive through current Congestion Propagation Networks (CPN), state-of-the-art adaptive routing algorithms tend to exploit qualitative congestion information. Unfortunately, qualitative congestion information can not provide a precise view of the network congestion level and hence mispredict network congestion in some cases, which easily leads to suboptimal routing decisions. To address this problem, this paper proposes the Quantitative Congestion Awareness (QCA) technique, which collects non-local quantitative congestion information by transferring the difference instead of the absolute value of the desired congestion metrics, such as the number of free virtual channels. With QCA technique, the cost of CPN is minimized and fixed since only one wire per destination is required regardless of the size of network and number of virtual channels per physical channel. A novel adaptive routing algorithm combining both congestion avoidance scheme and comprehensive evaluation scheme is proposed to fully exploit the properties of quantitative congestion information and make optimal routing decisions. With extensive simulations, the results show that the throughput could be improved up to 17.13% compared with state-of-the-art routing algorithms.
Mouse Movements Biometric Identification: A Feasibility Study

In this study we test the feasibility of mouse movement biometrics. Building on ideas from previous work in mouse and keystroke biometrics, the study focuses on defining data collection, feature metrics, and classification as a precursor to additional research. A small training set of twenty-five data samples from five users was used to develop and test the software. Data capture, features, feature extraction, user profile creation, classification, and the experiment are all discussed. The experiment was successful using Next Nearest Neighbor. A section on recommendations for future improvements and research is included.
Harder to Ignore? Revisiting Pop-Up Fatigue and Approaches to Prevent It

At SOUPS 2013, Bravo-Lillo et al. presented an artiﬁcial exper-iment in which they habituated participants to the contents of a pop-up dialog by asking them to respond to it repeatedly, and then measured participants’ ability to notice when a text ﬁeld within the dialog changed. The experimental treatments included various attractors : interface elements designed to draw or force users’ attention to a text ﬁeld within the dialog. In all treatments, researchers exposed participants to a large number of repetitions of the dialog before introducing the change that participants were supposed to notice. As a result, Bravo-Lillo et al. could not measure how habituation affects attention, or measure the ability of attractors to counter these effects; they could only compare the performance of attractors under high levels of habituation. We replicate and improve upon Bravo-Lillo et al.’s experiment, adding the low-habituation conditions essential to measure reductions in attention that result from increasing habituation. In the absence of attractors, increasing habituation caused a three-fold decrease in the proportion of participants who responded to the change in the dialog. As with the prior study, a greater proportion of participants responded to the change in the dialog in treatments using attractors that delayed participants’ ability to dismiss the dialog. We found that, like the control, increasing habituation reduced the proportion of participants who noticed the change with some attractors. However, for the two attractors that forced the user to interact with the text ﬁeld containing the change, increasing the level of habituation did not decrease the proportion of participants who responded to the change. These attractors
Physiological controls of large‐scale patterning in planarian regeneration: a molecular and computational perspective on growth and form

Abstract Planaria are complex metazoans that repair damage to their bodies and cease remodeling when a correct anatomy has been achieved. This model system offers a unique opportunity to understand how large‐scale anatomical homeostasis emerges from the activities of individual cells. Much progress has been made on the molecular genetics of stem cell activity in planaria. However, recent data also indicate that the global pattern is regulated by physiological circuits composed of ionic and neurotransmitter signaling. Here, we overview the multi‐scale problem of understanding pattern regulation in planaria, with specific focus on bioelectric signaling via ion channels and gap junctions (electrical synapses), and computational efforts to extract explanatory models from functional and molecular data on regeneration. We present a perspective that interprets results in this fascinating field using concepts from dynamical systems theory and computational neuroscience. Serving as a tractable nexus between genetic, physiological, and computational approaches to pattern regulation, planarian pattern homeostasis harbors many deep insights for regenerative medicine, evolutionary biology, and engineering.
On high linearity ? high efficiency RF amplifier design

We present an RF-DSP co-design of a high power radio frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA) based on LDMOS technology, addressed to WiMAX base-station applications. The design increases the overall efficiency of the PA stage by means of mixed design using simulation tools that include: two tone harmonic-balance, load and source pull and the use of a digital pre-distortion (DPD) algorithm in ADS envelope Ptolemy/Matlab co-simulation. The PA was realized with MRF6S23100HR transistors biased in Class AB, using a push-pull configuration. The baluns transformers, bias and matching networks are designed using micro-strip techniques. To fulfill the standard specifications, we show that with a basic pre-distortion scheme the whole design meets the spectral mask requirements in addition to allow a considerable increase in efficiency.
How much disease could climate change cause

Given the clear evidence that many health outcomes are highly sensitive to climate variations, it is inevitable that long-term climate change will have some effect on global population health. Climate change is likely to affect not only health but also many aspects of ecological and social systems, and will be slow and difficult (perhaps impossible) to reverse. Many therefore would judge that there is already sufficient motivation to act, both to mitigate the causes of climate change, and to adapt to its effects. However, such actions would require economic and behavioural changes bringing costs or co-benefits to different sectors of society. Decision-makers, from individual citizens to national governments, have numerous competing claims on their attentions and resources. In order to give a rational basis for prioritizing policies, at the least it is necessary to obtain an approximate measurement of the likely magnitude of the health impacts of climate change. Quantification of health impacts from specific risk factors, performed in a systematic and consistent way using common measures, could provide a powerful mechanism for comparing the impacts of various risk factors and diseases. It would allow us to begin to answer questions such as: on aggregate, are the positive effects of climate change likely to outweigh the negative impacts? How important is climate change compared to other risk factors for global health? How much of the disease burden could be avoided by mitigating climate change? Which specific impacts are likely to be most important and which regions are likely to be most affected? Caution is required in carrying out and presenting such assessments. Richard Peto, in his foreword to the first global burden of disease study (1), echoed the economist John Kenneth Galbraith in suggesting that epidemiologists fall into two classes: those who cannot predict the future, and those who know they cannot predict the future. Given the importance of natural climate variability and the potential for societal and individual factors to mediate the potential effects of climate change, only approximate indications of likely impacts can be expected. However, it is important to make such estimates available to policymakers, along with a realistic representation of the associated uncertainty; or remain in the current unsatisfactory condition of introducing a potentially important and irreversible health hazard throughout the globe, without any quantitative risk assessment.
Cayenne—a language with dependent types

Cayenne is a Haskell-like language. The main difference between Haskell and Cayenne is that Cayenne has dependent types, i.e., the result type of a function may depend on the argument value, and types of record components (which can be types or values) may depend on other components. Cayenne also combines the syntactic categories for value expressions and type expressions; thus reducing the number of language concepts.Having dependent types and combined type and value expressions makes the language very powerful. It is powerful enough that a special module concept is unnecessary; ordinary records suffice. It is also powerful enough to encode predicate logic at the type level, allowing types to be used as specifications of programs. However, this power comes at a cost: type checking of Cayenne is undecidable. While this may appear to be a steep price to pay, it seems to work well in practice.
YeAH-TCP: Yet Another Highspeed TCP

— In recent years, several new TCP congestion control algorithms have been proposed to improve TCP performance over very fast, long-distance networks. High bandwidth delay products require more aggressive window adaptation rules, yet maintaining the ability of controlling router buffer congestion. We deﬁne a relatively simple experimental scenario to compare most current high speed TCP proposals under many metrics: efﬁciency, internal fairness, friendliness to Reno, induced network stress, robustness to random losses. Based on the gained insight, we deﬁne Yet Another High-speed TCP, as a heuristic attempt to strike a balance among different opposite requirements.
Blind beamforming for non-gaussian signals

The paper considers an application of blind identification to beamforming. The key point is to use estimates of directional vectors rather than resort to their hypothesised value. By using estimates of the directional vectors obtained via blind identification, i.e. without knowing the array manifold, beamforming is made robust with respect to array deformations, distortion of the wave front, pointing errors etc., so that neither array calibration nor physical modelling is necessary. Rather suprisingly, ‘blind beamformers’ may outperform ‘informed beamformers’ in a plausible range of parameters, even when the array is perfectly known to the informed beamformer. The key assumption on which blind identification relies is the statistical independence of the sources, which is exploited using fourth-order cumulants. A computationally efficient technique is presented for the blind estimation of directional vectors, based on joint diagonalisation of fourth-order cumulant matrices; its implementation is described, and its performance is investigated by numerical experiments.
Unprecedented Mass Bleaching and Loss of Coral across 12° of Latitude in Western Australia in 2010–11

Background Globally, coral bleaching has been responsible for a significant decline in both coral cover and diversity over the past two decades. During the summer of 2010–11, anomalous large-scale ocean warming induced unprecedented levels of coral bleaching accompanied by substantial storminess across more than 12° of latitude and 1200 kilometers of coastline in Western Australia (WA). Methodology/Principal Findings Extreme La-Niña conditions caused extensive warming of waters and drove considerable storminess and cyclonic activity across WA from October 2010 to May 2011. Satellite-derived sea surface temperature measurements recorded anomalies of up to 5°C above long-term averages. Benthic surveys quantified the extent of bleaching at 10 locations across four regions from tropical to temperate waters. Bleaching was recorded in all locations across regions and ranged between 17% (±5.5) in the temperate Perth region, to 95% (±3.5) in the Exmouth Gulf of the tropical Ningaloo region. Coincident with high levels of bleaching, three cyclones passed in close proximity to study locations around the time of peak temperatures. Follow-up surveys revealed spatial heterogeneity in coral cover change with four of ten locations recording significant loss of coral cover. Relative decreases ranged between 22%–83.9% of total coral cover, with the greatest losses in the Exmouth Gulf. Conclusions/Significance The anomalous thermal stress of 2010–11 induced mass bleaching of corals along central and southern WA coral reefs. Significant coral bleaching was observed at multiple locations across the tropical-temperate divide spanning more than 1200 km of coastline. Resultant spatially patchy loss of coral cover under widespread and high levels of bleaching and cyclonic activity, suggests a degree of resilience for WA coral communities. However, the spatial extent of bleaching casts some doubt over hypotheses suggesting that future impacts to coral reefs under forecast warming regimes may in part be mitigated by southern thermal refugia.
Sliding mode based inverse model control for oil tanker guidance

Abstract An inverse model based controller application is presented in this paper. In this application, inverse model control is implemented as a feedforward controller with assistance from a feedback controller. A comparison of performance is deduced between the proposed combined control structure, and that of a conventional feedback controller on its own. The corrective and feedback controller are designed using sliding mode control theory in order to regulate the heading dynamic for a nonlinear tanker model. In order to provide a more realistic evaluation, wave disturbances are implemented to provide a better comparison for the proposed control structure.
Grb2-Associated Binder-1 Is Required for Neuregulin-1-Induced Peripheral Nerve Myelination

Grb2-associated binders (Gabs) are scaffolding proteins implicated in cell signaling via receptor tyrosine kinases including neuregulin-1(NRG1)-ErbB receptor signaling, which is essential for peripheral nerve myelination. Here, we show that the conditional removal of Gab1 from Schwann cells resulted in hypomyelination and abnormal development of Remak bundles. In contrast, hypomyelination was not observed in conventional Gab2 knock-out mice. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab1, but not Gab2, in sciatic nerves was upregulated during the myelination period and was found to be suppressed in NRG1-type III(+/−) mice, which display a hypomyelinated phenotype similar to that observed in Gab1 knock-out mice. Gab1 knock-out and NRG1-type III(+/−) mice both exhibited reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity in myelinating nerves. In addition, Krox20, a transcription factor that is critical for myelination, has been identified as a target of the NRG1-Gab1 pathway during the myelination process. Our findings suggest that Gab1 is an essential component of NRG1-type III signaling during peripheral nerve development.
Relationship between Regulatory T Cells and Immune Activation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients Interrupting Antiretroviral Therapy

Persistent immune activation plays a central role in driving Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease progression. Whether CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are harmful by suppressing HIV-specific immune responses and/or beneficial through a decrease in immune activation remains debatable. We analysed the relationship between proportion and number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and immune activation in HIV-infected patients interrupting an effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Twenty-five patients were included in a substudy of a prospective multicenter trial of treatment interruption (TI) (ANRS 116). Proportions and numbers of Tregs and the proportion of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells were assessed at baseline and month 12 (M12) of TI. Specific anti-HIV CD4 and CD8 responses were investigated at baseline and M12. Non parametric univariate analyses and multivariate linear regression models were conducted. At baseline, the proportion of Tregs negatively correlated with the proportion of HLA-DR+CD8+T cells (r = −0.519). Following TI, the proportion of Tregs increased from 6.3% to 7.2% (p = 0.029); absolute numbers of Tregs decreased. The increase in the proportion of HLA-DR+CD38+CD8+T cells was significantly related to the increase in proportion of Tregs (p = 0.031). At M12, the proportion of Tregs did not negatively correlate with CD8 T-cell activation. Nevertheless, Tregs retain a suppressive function since depletion of Treg-containing CD4+CD25+ cells led to an increase in lymphoproliferative responses in most patients studied. Our data suggest that Tregs are efficient in controlling residual immune activation in patients with ART-mediated viral suppression. However, the insufficient increase in the proportion and/or the decrease in the absolute number of Tregs result in a failure to control immune activation following TI. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00118677
Imidazopyranotacrines as Non-Hepatotoxic, Selective Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors, and Antioxidant Agents for Alzheimer′s Disease Therapy

Herein we describe the synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of thirteen new, racemic, diversely functionalized imidazo pyranotacrines as non-hepatotoxic, multipotent tacrine analogues. Among these compounds, 1-(5-amino-2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[2,3-b]quinolin-3-yl)ethan-1-one (4) is non-hepatotoxic (cell viability assay on HepG2 cells), a selective but moderately potent EeAChE inhibitor (IC50 = 38.7 ± 1.7 μM), and a very potent antioxidant agent on the basis of the ORAC test (2.31 ± 0.29 μmol·Trolox/μmol compound).