Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vitiated Air: A Victorian Villain? 1

This warning was given in 1812. It was assumed that the deaths were caused by carbonic acid (carbon dioxide) and the association, known in classical times, between the failing candle flame and the extinction of life, was highlighted. Eighty-five years later, in 1897, a Board of Trade Commission investigated the air in the tunnels of the Metropolitan Railway (Figure l) because of public concern about its safety. This investigation sets a very different style. The sources of contamination trains, gas lamps and people are identified and their respective contributions to the release of the pollutants carbonic acid, carbon monoxide and sulphurous acid are estimated. The levels of contaminants are measured and related to quantitative information on adverse effects. It is noted that there is a constant relationship between the concentrations of the three contaminants, and the level of carbonic acid is suggested as a method for judging the ventilation required. Control measures suggested include the burning of low sulphur coal to reduce the sulphurous acid content, but the major hazard is noted to be carbon monoxide which cannot readily be controlled. Those most at risk are identified as men working in the tunnels, rather than passengers. As is so often the case, these well-conducted studies were overtaken by events and the investigators conclude by stating that electric traction is to be introduced on the underground railway and by this means the Metropolitan Railway will rid the atmosphere in the tunnels of impurities (Oliver 1902).
Partial and generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus and a novel SCN1A mutation

Background: Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by febrile seizures (FS) and a variety of afebrile generalized seizure types. GEFS+ has previously been linked to mutations in two genes encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel α-subunit (SCN1A) and β1-subunit (SCN1B). We studied a large family with FS and partial as well as generalized seizure types. Methods: All but two living affected family members were interviewed and examined. Information on deceased affected family members was sought. EEG for 11 affected family members and one unaffected family member were obtained. Genetic linkage analysis and mutation screening of SCN1A were performed on blood samples from 16 affected individuals and their first-degree relatives. Results: There were 27 affected family members; 18 were alive at the time of the study. All affected family members had FS; seven had FS only, and 19 also had afebrile seizures. Eleven individuals continued to have FS beyond 6 years of age. FS were complex in 12 family members, usually with prolonged duration. The index patient had right temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis. Four other patients had strong historical evidence of temporal lobe epilepsy, and three others had nonlocalizing evidence of partial epilepsy. Pedigree analysis indicated autosomal dominant transmission. All affected individuals who were tested and one asymptomatic individual had a sodium channel mutation of SCN1A, an A→C transversion at nucleotide 3809 resulting in the substitution of lysine 1270 by threonine in the D3/S2 segment (designated as K1270T). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that partial epilepsy preceded by FS can be associated with sodium channel mutations and may represent a variant of GEFS+.
Measurement of electron mobility in liquid and critical argon at low electric-field strengths.

Determination de la mobilite des electrons excedentaires dans l'argon a partir des mesures de temps de derive. Les electrons sont generes soit par ionisation, soit par photoemission pulsee. Les mesures sont effectuees pour l'argon liquide sur la courbe de coexistence liquide-vapeur aux temperatures situees entre 110K et la temperature critique Tc=151K en presence des champs electriques de valeur comprise entre 3 et 133 V.cm -1 . Au maximum de la mobilite Tc-5K, on observe une augmentation de la mobilite avec la diminution de la valeur du champ electrique jusqu'a 3V.cm -1 . Pour des temperatures tres differentes de celle du maximum de la mobilite, la mobilite en presence de champs faibles est independante de la valeur du champ
A Linear Position Transducer Using a Magnet and Hall Effect Devices

Magnets and magnetic field sensing devices are often attractive in instrumentation because they are noncontacting, small, and independent of the media's dielectric constant. The nonlinearity of the magnetic field with distance is a problem, however. A circuit to remove this nonlinearity and also to reduce the effective temperature coefficient is described. The circuit is used in a clinical dental research laboratory to measure movements of the jaw.
Multilingual source code analysis: State of the art and challenges

Source code analysis and manipulation for multilingual types of software applications is an important research topic and its importance is continuously increasing. As utilization of multilingual source code applications is increasing, the demand of multilingual source code analysis is escalating. We discuss the widespread applications of multiple technologies and languages used for development of software systems and difficulties for analyzing the source code of these applications in this paper. We highlight the key challenges and open research problems in the field of multilingual software applications that require the attention of research community.
GSTP1 Genetic Polymorphism Is Associated with a Higher Risk of DNA Damage in Pesticide-Exposed Fruit Growers

Pesticide exposure is associated with various neoplastic diseases and congenital malformations. Animal studies also indicated that pesticides may be metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) enzymes, paraoxonases (PON1 and PON2), or glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1). However, little is known about the genotoxicity of pesticides in people with various genetic polymorphisms of human CYP3A5, PON1, PON2, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1. Thus, this study was designed to investigate whether various metabolic genotypes are more susceptible to DNA damage in pesticide-exposed fruit growers. Using the Comet assay, the extent of DNA damage was evaluated in the peripheral blood of 91 fruit growers who experienced pesticide exposure and 106 unexposed controls. Questionnaires were administered to obtain demographic data, cigarette smoking habits, medical, and occupational histories. The genotypes for CYP3A5, PON1, PON2, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes were identified by PCR. The results showed that subjects experiencing high or low pesticide exposure had a significantly greater DNA tail moment (DAN damage) than did controls. The multiple regression model also revealed that age (P < 0.01), high pesticide exposure (P < 0.01), low pesticide-exposure (P < 0.01), and CYP3A5 (P = 0.04) and GSTP1 (P = 0.02) genotypes were significantly associated with an increased DNA tail moment. Further analysis of environmental and genetic interactions revealed a significant interaction for GSTP1 genotypes to influence DNA tail moment for the high pesticide exposure group. These results suggest that individuals with susceptible metabolic GSTP1 genotypes may experience an increased risk of DNA damage elicited by pesticide exposure. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(4):659–66)
Applications of HPLC in clinical diagnostics

HPLC is a separation technique in which the mobile phase is an aqueous solution or an organic solvent that is miscible with water, and the compounds of interest are dissolved in water or an organic solvent such as methanol. The major advantage of the technique is the flexibility it allows in choosing the stationary and mobile phases that best separate the particular sample components. More than half of the types of columns used in HPLC are reverse phase; around a quarter are normal phase; about 14% are ion-exchange columns. Obtaining high resolution at high flow rates is the key requirement of any HPLC system. Separation of the different components of a mixture is achieved by allowing the sample to migrate through the column at selected experimental conditions. Discrete bands are formed because the different components of the mixture migrate through the column at different rates.
Van't Hoff enthalpies without baselines

Analysis of thermal melting curves represents one important approach for evaluating protein stability and the consequences of amino acid substitution on protein structure. By use of the van't Hoff relationship, the differential melting curve can be robustly fit to only three parameters, two of which are the underlying physical constants of melting temperature (Tm) and van't Hoff enthalpy (ΔHvH). Calculated Tm and ΔHvH values are insensitive to the choice of pre‐ and post‐transition baselines. Consequently, the method accurately computes Tm and ΔHvH for extremely truncated data sets, in the complete absence of baseline information, and for proteins with low melting temperatures, where the traditional direct approach routinely fails. Moreover, agreement between ΔHvH values obtained using points derived from pre‐vs. post‐transition data provide an independent method for detecting some classes of non‐two‐state transitions. Finally, fitting of the differential denaturation curve should prove useful for analysis of abbreviated data sets obtained from high throughput array analysis of protein stability.
Characterizing ethnic interactions from human communication patterns in Ivory Coast

Towards the consolidation of peace and national development, Ivory Coast must overcome the lack of cohesion, responsible for the emergence of two civil wars in the last years. As in many African countries, ethnic violence is a result of the way territories are organized and the prevalence of some groups over others. Nowadays the increasing availability of electronic data allows to quantify and unveil societal relationships in an unprecedented way. In this sense, the present work analyzes mobile phone data in order to provide information about the regional and ethnic interactions in Ivory Coast. We accomplish so by means of the construction and analysis of complex social networks with several types of interactions, such as calling activity and human mobility. We found that in a subregional scale, the ethnic identity plays an important role in the communication patterns, while at the interregional scale, other factors arise like economical interests and available infrastructure.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF DIFFERENT PLANTS EXTRACTS AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM SOCCER PLAYER’S SHOES AND KNOWLEDGE AND APPLICATIONS ABOUT FOOT HYGIENE OF THE SOCCER PLAYERS

Background: The microorganisms most commonly attacks the feet. Bacteria have an easier entry into the athlete’s epidermis. Staphylococcus aureus, commonly found on the skin or in the nose. The purpose of the study is to search the lack of knowledge about the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of different plants extracts and to search the knowledge about hygiene and hygiene of sports equipment of soccer players. Materials and Methods: The bacteria were isolated from soccer player’s shoes (n=28) from Balıkesir Spor soccer team after the competition. Additionally, ten plants were collected from Mugla, Hatay, and Hakkari in Turkey. In antibacterial activity studies, the plant materials were tested by disc diffusion assay. Furthermore, the different plants extracts were studied by ABTS decolorization assay. Results: The highest antibacterial activity was shown on S. aureus- BFT2 (22 mm) for Hypericum perforatum L. subsp. veranese (Schrant) H. Lindb. The different extracts possessed antibacterial activity, and showed MIC effect at 812.5 µg/mL. The antioxidant activities by ABTS assay were in the order of Arbutus andrachne (flower) > Arbutus andrachne (leaf) > Anthemis sp. (flower) > Crepis sancta L. (leaf) > Allium sphaerocephalon (root) > Plantango major (leaf) > Lavandula steochas (flower) > Anthemis sp. (flower) > Urtica dioica (leaf) > Lavandula steochas (leaf) > Anthemis sp. (leaf) > Hypericum perforatum L. subsp. veranese (Schrant) H. Lindb (flower) > Anthemis chia L. (leaf). Conclusion: Different plant extracts have antimicrobial, antioxidant and potential.
Dehydrogenated alkaloids of ergot in treatment of peripheral vascular diseases.

The dihydrogenated alkaloids of ergot, dihydroergocornine (DHO 180) and an equal mixture of dihydroergocornine, dihydroergocristine and dihydroergokryptine known as CCK 179 have been found to be therapeutic adjuncts in the medical treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. Their action is primarily that of adrenergic blockage, although depression of the brain stem is to be considered. The mixture of alkaloids (CCK 179) was found to be more effective than a single alkaloid, dihydroergocornine (DHO 180). A greater number of patients were benefited, relief of symptoms was greater and the dosage easier to establish. A favorable therapeutic response of clinical significance with the mixture was obtained in approximately 60 per cent of all cases investigated. It was of greater benefit in the organic occlusive diseases, where a larger percentage of favorable responses was obtained than in the purely vasospastic disorders. Orally and subcutaneously, CCK 179 exhibited vasodilating properties which compared favorably with paravertebral and peripheral nerve block, reflex heat, alcohol and sympathectomy. Surface temperatures were elevated, oscillometric readings increased and tolerance to cold increased in a statistically significant number of cases. Effects of sympathectomies were frequently enhanced. Following subcutaneous administration, increased surface temperatures of the extremities of one to two hours' duration were obtained in 90 per cent of all cases.Paresthesias, nocturnal cramps and intermittent claudication were improved. A sense of well-being was occasionally exhibited. Blood pressure and pulse rates were rarely affected. Blood pressure was lowered in normotensive patients, but was rarely changed in hypertensive patients. Symptoms of overdosage appeared after two to three months of continuous therapy. These were manifested by lowered surface temperatures, decreased tolerance to cold, return of intermittent claudication and occasionally by vague general discomfort. These symptoms disappeared on cessation of therapy. Improvement frequently followed. In only one case was there an immediate reaction. Following subcutaneous administration of CCK, blood pressure and pulse rate increased and oscillometric readings and surface temperatures decreased. Frequent courses of therapy with interruptions were necessary for maintenance of improvement.
Embedding digital watermarks in halftone screens

Invisible watermark images can be incorporated in printed halftone images using specially designed halftone screens. The watermark information is embedded into the image by varying the spatial correlation of the halftone texture. The halftone screen with embedded watermarks can be used exactly as a normal halftone screen, so there is no additional image processing required for processing individual images to embed watermarks. Once the binary output image is printed on the paper, the correlation of the binary image is converted into physical spatial correlation between neighboring areas of the printed image. This correlation relation is not visible to the eye but it can be detected by scanning the printed image on a desktop scanner and processing the scanned image. Printer and scanner distortions can interfere with the self-alignment of the scanned image, so localized adjustments are made to detect the embedded spatial correlation information in the watermarked image. The retrieval of this watermark is robust to copying and distortion and it can be detected in reproductions of the halftone image.
High Prevalence of Anti-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (Anti-GAD) Antibodies in Employees at a Polychlorinated Biphenyl Production Factory

Abstract An increased prevalence of thyroid antibodies was seen in employees of a factory that formerly produced polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this study, the authors expand the evaluation of possible long-term PCB effects by comparing the prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies with the development of diabetes mellitus. The sera of 240 factory employees and 704 control subjects were analyzed. Anti-GAD antibody values exceeded 1.20 U/ml in all employees (40.4%), was 4 times higher (p < .001) than in all controls (10.5%), and were 5 times higher in employees aged 51-60 yr (53.2%) than in age-matched controls (10.5%) (p < .001). Although the prevalence of diabetes could not be determined from this retrospective study, this is the first report of a possible relationship between xenobiotics and the prevalence of anti-GAD antibodies, and it supports the concept of an immunomodulatory effect of PCBs. However, such antibodies may be present decades before the development of clinical diabetes, and not all anti-GAD antibody-positive individuals become diabetic. Presently, it is unknown whether there is an increased prevalence of diabetes among the former factory employees.
Exploring the Interaction Between Open Innovation Methods and System Complexity

This paper contributes a systems engineering perspective to the discussion of where open innovation methods can (and could) work and can (and should) be used. It maps the existing experience-base of applying open methods to real-world problems, illustrating an apparent gap in applicability. The paper then explores the theoretical basis for expanding the use of open innovation methods. The discussion is structured around efficiency tradeoffs associated with (a) upfront system decomposition on the part of seekers, (b) the amenability of different kinds of problems to be solved by solvers with different levels of expertise, and (c) incentives for solvers to contribute solutions. These three dimensions of tradeoffs are then used to categorize existing innovation methods and frame the challenge of screening future systems problems for “openability. ” Keywords—open innovation; system complexity; decomposition; problem solving
Energy consumption analysis of SDF and non-cooperative schemes over Nakagami-m channel and under outage probability constraint

This paper compares the energy consumption of non-cooperative schemes and the Selective Decode and Forward (SDF) cooperative protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks. This Analysis was performed over Nakagami-m channel, under Outage probability and system end-to-end throughput constraints. Under these constraint, we assume that in multi-hop and cooperative schemes scenarios, the nodes operate at a spectral efficiency L greater than that of the single-hop. As the energy consumption of the RF circuitry cannot be neglected, it is noteworthy that cooperation may be considerably more energy efficient than non-cooperative schemes even in small range distance. We study then the effect of pathloss component and the target outage probability in the energy consumption.
Ultraviolet-induced fluorescence: shedding new light on dental biofilms and dental caries

Having the lowest photon energy of the three ultra-violet wavebands, UVA has little effect onmicrobial pathogens and virtually no effect onhuman tissue with short-term exposures.UVA is the important band in terms of diagnosticapplications in dentistry. The ability of UVA tomake biological materials fluoresce is well knownin medicine and dentistry as well as in industry. Forexample, UVA sources have application for identi-fying materials such as dyes, inks, minerals,chemical and various biological materials (such asblood, when used in forensic science). Light in thevisible violet and UVA wave bands can also initiatechemical reactions which contribute to the photo-polymerization of some dental compositematerials, as well as adhesives, coatings, and resinsused in fields other than dentistry.
Method for calculating the energy loss of a light signal in a telecommunication Li-Fi system

One of the possible ways to increase the bandwidth and quality of service for wireless access systems is the use of Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology, where instead of radio frequencies, the VLC (Visible Light Communication) spectrum is used for data transmission. In 2011, the IEEE 802.15. 7 standard was adopted, which contains recommendations for the provision of PHY and MAC services for Li-Fi visible light networks in private VPAN networks (VLC Personal Area Networks). The article considers the main recommendations for building devices based on Li-Fi technology, analyzes the processes of information exchange between the receiver and the transmitter at the physical level (PHY), and considers parameters that affect the communication range and methods for determining them. A method is proposed for calculating the energy attenuation of light-emitting diodes in light paths when wireless access is arranged in a standard office room.
Indoor positioning for moving objects using a hardware device with spread spectrum ultrasonic waves

Moving objects, especially autonomous mobile robots, require information of indoor self-location with high accuracy to reach their destination safely and correctly. In this study, we aimed to measure the indoor position of a moving object using SS (spread spectrum) ultrasonic waves, and we discussed the accuracy of the moving distance measured using a newly developed hardware device. In the case of static object, we showed that because of the noise tolerance of SS waves, a distance up to 20 [m] could be measured between a transmitter and a receiver on cm-order. To detect the SS ultrasonic signals, correlation calculations were carried out between a range of received waves and same range of replica signals; the replica signals were the same as the transmitted SS signals. Popular positioning systems using SS electrical waves employ signal acquisition to calculate coordinates of objects from correlation values and signal tracking to measure the relative shift of distances of moving objects. It is difficult for the system using SS ultrasonic waves to continue tracking because of the decrease in the self-correlation value due to the Doppler effect that acted on a moving object. To solve this problem, we proposed a tracking method for keeping correlation values by limited range of correlation calculations. In this study, for obtaining real-time updates of positional information from the relative shift, an experiment of distance measurement was also conducted using a newly developed hardware device that was used to carry out signal acquisition and the proposed tracking method. The results show that real-time signal tracking with our method could be realized, same as existing software between +/- 0.5 [m/s]. This paper reports that we can expect self-localization of robots using this system.
A 1.85 fA/√Hz fully integrated read-out interface for sub-pA current sensing applications

This paper presents a sub-pA current read-out interface that consists of a series connection of a low-noise current amplifier and a second-order continuous-time Delta-Sigma modulator. Contrary to the approach to the current amplification by means of a series connection of a charge integrator and differentiator, no reset and thus no interruption of the current-to-digital conversion needs to be performed. Moreover, the intrinsic anti-aliasing filtering of the continuous-time Delta-Sigma modulator provides a minimum suppression of −70dB for interferers and noise around multiples of the sampling frequency, thus making the implementation of an explicit anti-aliasing filtering block obsolete. The system is implemented in a 0. 35μm CMOS technology and provides a resolution of 0.3pA in a bandwidth of 10kHz. It occupies an area of 0.6mm2 and consumes a power of 7mW drawn from a ±1.5V supply voltage.