Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metabonomics Approaches and the Potential Application in Foodsafety Evaluation

It is essential that the novel biomarkers discovered by means of advanced detection tools based on metabonomics could be used for long-term monitoring in food safety. By summarizing the common biomarkers discovery flowsheet based on metabonomics, this review evaluates the possible application of metabonomics in new biomarker discovery, especially in relation to food safety issues. Metabonomics have the advantages of decreasing detection limits and constant monitoring. Although metabonomics is still in the developmental stage, we believe that, based on its properties, such as noninvasiveness, sensitivity, and persistence, together with rigorous experimental designs, new and novel technologies, as well as increasingly accurate chemometrics and a relational database, metabonomics can demonstrate extensive application in food safety in the postgenome period.
Toward selection of internalizing antibodies from phage libraries.

Antibodies which bind cell surface receptors in a manner whereby they are endocytosed are useful molecules for the delivery of drugs, toxins, or DNA into the cytosol of mammalian cells for therapeutic applications. Traditionally, internalizing antibodies have been identified by screening hybridomas. For this work, we studied a human scFv (C6.5) which binds ErbB2 to determine the feasibility of directly selecting internalizing antibodies from phage libraries and to identify the most efficient display format. Using wild-type C6.5 scFv displayed monovalently on a phagemid, we demonstrate that anti-ErbB2 phage antibodies can undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis. Using affinity mutants and dimeric diabodies of C6.5 displayed as either single copies on a phagemid or multiple copies on phage, we define the role of affinity, valency, and display format on phage endocytosis and identify the factors that lead to the greatest enrichment for internalization. Phage displaying bivalent diabodies or multiple copies of scFv were more efficiently endocytosed than phage displaying monomeric scFv and recovery of infectious phage was increased by preincubation of cells with chloroquine. Measurement of phage recovery from within the cytosol as a function of applied phage titer indicates that it is possible to select for endocytosable antibodies, even at the low concentrations that would exist for a single phage antibody member in a library of 10(9).
Specific Targeting of the EBV Lytic Phase Protein BNLF2a to the Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing Results in Impairment of HLA Class I-Restricted Antigen Presentation1

EBV persists for life in the human host while facing vigorous antiviral responses that are induced upon primary infection. This persistence supports the idea that herpesviruses have acquired dedicated functions to avoid immune elimination. The recently identified EBV gene product BNLF2a blocks TAP. As a result, reduced amounts of peptides are transported by TAP from the cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen for binding to newly synthesized HLA class I molecules. Thus, BNLF2a perturbs detection by cytotoxic T cells. The 60-aa-long BNLF2a protein prevents the binding of both peptides and ATP to TAP, yet further mechanistic insight is, to date, lacking. In this study, we report that EBV BNLF2a represents a membrane-associated protein that colocalizes with its target TAP in subcellular compartments, primarily the ER. In cells devoid of TAP, expression levels of BNLF2a protein are greatly diminished, while ER localization of the remaining BNLF2a is retained. For interactions of BNLF2a with the HLA class I peptide-loading complex, the presence of TAP2 is essential, whereas tapasin is dispensible. Importantly, we now show that in B cells supporting EBV lytic replication, the BNLF2a protein is expressed early in infection, colocalizing and associating with the peptide-loading complex. These results imply that, during productive EBV infection, BNLF2a contributes to TAP inhibition and surface HLA class I down-regulation. In this way, EBV BNLF2a-mediated evasion from HLA class I-restricted T cell immunity contributes to creating a window for undetected virus production.
Latent H locus in non-motile Escherichia coli.

Transfer of flagellar characters from a motile strain of E. coli K12 Hfr to non-motile strains of E. coli F-by sexual conjugation and transduction tests was done. Motile recombinants were obtained from eight out of ten non-motile strains tested. Non-motile strains of E. coli tested were classified into three genetic groups according to their flagellar characters: (1) Motile recombinants of the first group possessed H antigens other than that of the donor (E. coli K12), or possessed the same H antigens as that of the donor, inheriting their latent H locus intact. (2) The H antigens of the motile recombinants from the second group were always the same as that of donors. Attempts to prove existence of latent H locus in strains in this group by recombination and transduction were unsuccessful. (3) No motile recombinants were obtainable from the third group of non-motile E. coli strains. In addition to the above, some of our experimental data on the motility of E. coli are described. The flagellation of Salmonella is under the control of many genetic loci. Flagella formation is controlled by the two unlinked fla loci. The serological specificity of the flagellar antigen is determined by other loci called H. The flagellar or H antigen of Salmonella is diphasic; a majority of the Salmonella have two serologically different H antigens, and undergo phase variation in which only one is manifested at a given time. The two H antigens are classified as phase I and 2 and the two different H loci, H1 and H2. The H2 locus is epistatic to H1, and therefore, phase variation is controlled by activities of the H2 locus. The H1 locus is closely linked to one of the fla loci. The locomotion function of the flagella is controlled by the mot locus. The mot locus is also linked to the fla locus to which H1 is linked. Mutation of any one gene in fla may cause loss of flagella. Several genes are known to exist which regulate the activities of H1, H2 or fla. Detailed descriptions of these characters were recently given by line, and Lederberg [5]. In Escherichia coli, however, knowledge concerning flagellation, motility and H antigens is poor. Furness [4] reported that motile recombinants of E. coli B were obtained when it was mated with an F+ strain of E. coli K12, and that the H antigens of all of the recombinants were serologically the same as that of the donor. ƒÓrskov and ƒÓrskov [12] found that at least two loci, fla and H, were concerned with the flagellar formation of E. coli. They presumed the existence of only one H locus in E. coli because the H antigens of the E. coli tested so far had
Diabetic Microvascular Disease: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes adversely affect the microvasculature in multiple organs. Our understanding of the genesis of this injury and of potential interventions to prevent, limit, or reverse injury/dysfunction is continuously evolving. This statement reviews biochemical/cellular pathways involved in facilitating and abrogating microvascular injury. The statement summarizes the types of injury/dysfunction that occur in the three classical diabetes microvascular target tissues, the eye, the kidney, and the peripheral nervous system; the statement also reviews information on the effects of diabetes and insulin resistance on the microvasculature of skin, brain, adipose tissue, and cardiac and skeletal muscle. Despite extensive and intensive research, it is disappointing that microvascular complications of diabetes continue to compromise the quantity and quality of life for patients with diabetes. Hopefully, by understanding and building on current research findings, we will discover new approaches for prevention and treatment that will be effective for future generations.
Using Kinematic Analysis to Evaluate Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Chronic Stroke Patients

Objective. This preliminary study aims to verify if the method of kinematic analysis proposed here may be suitable for evaluating the effects of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) in chronic stroke patients and may be of help in the study of the mechanisms underlying functional improvement following CIMT. Methods. Clinical and kinematic data were collected from a group of chronic stroke patients and from an age-matched healthy control group. Affected and less affected upper-limb kinematics related to hand-to-mouth and reaching movements were acquired before and immediately after 2 weeks of CIMT. Healthy subjects were submitted to kinematic analysis of the nondominant side and reevaluated after 2 weeks. Results. The clinical results were consistent with those reported in the literature and showed motor function improvement of the hemiparetic limb after CIMT. Kinematic data of the healthy control group showed high test-retest reliability. Statistically significant differences between the affected limb and both the less affected limb and the healthy subjects' nondominant limb were observed. After CIMT, kinematic data showed improvement in the speed of movement and in measures related to the capacity for coordination. Conclusions. The method of kinematic analysis was sensitive for an assessment of motor recovery induced by CIMT. The kinematic results suggest that the increase in the use of the paretic limb in activities of daily living after the intervention is not only attributable to the patient's increased attention to it and better hand dexterity, but it is also a consequence of the improved speed of movement and better coordination between shoulder and elbow joints.
Embedded Module for 3-D Mechanical Strain Measurement

This paper presents the development and evaluation of a miniature (1 cm3) embedded electronic module that can resolve temperature-compensated mechanical strain in three dimensions. The module is designed to be embedded into materials and to measure, in-situ, all nine components of strain and to relay the information back to a PC via wired communications. The module can also be assembled as a component in a “parent” encapsulated electronic system and interface with the system's digital bus. The module comprises three miniature, off-the-shelf, three-gauge, rectangular rosettes that are assembled in a 3-D array so that all components of strain can be resolved. The module format is a cube, with the gauges on the outer faces of the cube, and the electronics on the inside. The electronics consists of signal conditioning circuitry, a 24-bit sigma-delta ADC, a microcontroller which sends the digital data directly to a master device such as PC, and an onboard temperature sensor for thermal compensation of the gauges. The module was evaluated by encapsulating it in epoxy and subjecting it to compressive and tensile testing in a mechanical tester. The results were compared to finite element simulations with an average of 7% difference between magnitudes and a standard deviation of 4%. Thermal evaluation of the module was also carried out by subjecting the test pieces to thermal loads and monitoring the response of the system. The module is believed to be the smallest yet reported self-contained, embedded system capable of resolving all components of 3-D strain, it is small enough to be embedded in a wide range of materials and structures without significant impact on the mechanical properties of its host. It can, therefore, be used in applications such as structural health monitoring and reliability prognostics and for calibration of mechanical/thermo-mechanical simulations.
Sarcomas following radiation therapy for breast cancer: a report of three cases and a review of the literature.

PURPOSE First to describe clinical and pathologic features of sarcomas arising after radiation therapy for breast cancer and to report three cases of sarcoma arising 7, 15, and 20 years following radiation therapy for breast cancer. Second, to review the literature on this treatment complication. METHODS AND MATERIALS Medline literature search. RESULTS The most frequent histology is osteosarcoma and bone is affected more commonly than soft tissue at a median latency of 11 years. The scapula is the most frequently affected bone. The most frequently affected soft tissue site is now the conserved breast with a median latency of 5.5 years. The aetiologic factors relating to these sarcomas are not fully defined with factors of beam energy, radiation dose, chemotherapy and regional edema being inconsistently reported. CONCLUSION The frequency of radiation-induced sarcoma at 10 years of follow-up is approximately 0.2%. This is an overestimate by an unknown factor because of the description of sarcomas arising metachromously in breast cancer patients, in nonirradiated areas.
Reply: Role of Mitomycin C in Preventing Capsular Contracture in Implant-Based Reconstructive Breast Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

4 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy Corresponding Author Nicola Rocco, MD University of Naples “Federico II” Via Sergio Pansini 5 80131 Naples, Italy telephone 0039 0817462515; e-mail: nicolarocco2003@gmail.com Financial Disclosure None of the authors has a financial interest in any of the products, devices, or drugs mentioned in this manuscript AC CE PT ED
THE EXTREME ENGINEERING FOR GLOBALIZATION OF NATIONAL SOFTWARE INDUSTRY ( TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK )

The small and medium software development firms are becoming the forward troupe in the field of Information and Communication Technology by providing software development services to small, medium and large enterprises. In this way, software industry of a country contributes to its economy by generating revenue from its quality product/services. It also facilitates industrial sectors like cement, textile etc. in transformation from conventional to knowledge economy. The present research focused the performance of SMEs at national software industry from quality perspective. The authors used triangular methodology i.e. Questionnaire survey (250), interviews (30) and case study (Digital Spinners and Icon Systems) for data collection. The paper evaluated the quality assurance standard (CMM, ISO) deployed in 1,419 firms registered at Pakistan Software Export Board since 1996 to 2008. The authors investigated the adoption trends of software development methodologies by small and medium software development enterprises. The content analysis and proportion methods applied for statistical investigation. The results revealed that extreme engineering (shared TQM practices and software engineering methodologies) significantly contributes to the success of projects, products and services for large profit share from globalized world. The deployment of extreme engineering practices will prepare software industry to participate, compete and enjoy the benefits of knowledge economy which leads nation towards peace, pleasure and prosperity.
Classification and Information Extraction for Complex and Nested Tabular Structures in Images

Understanding of technical documents, like manuals, is one of the most important steps in automatic reporting and/or troubleshooting of defects. The majority of the relevant information exists in tabular structure. There are some solutions for extracting tabular structures from text. However, it is still a big issue to extract tabular information from images and, on top of that, from complex and nested tables. This paper aims to propose classification and information extraction methods for complex tabular structures in document images. These are hybrid approaches using both image layout and OCRed text. The proposed methods outperform on a real-world technical documents dataset from a German railway company (Deutsche Bahn AG) as compared to other state-of-the-art approaches. As a result, the proposed approaches won the competition held by Deutsche Bahn AG in 2016 against other participating research groups and companies.
Sustained Depolarization and ADP-Ribose Activate a Common Ionic Current in Rat Peritoneal Macrophages 1

Phagocytosis is associated with large changes in the membrane potential of macrophages, but the functional significance of this is unknown. Whole cell recordings were made from rat peritoneal macrophages. Sustained (>30 s) depolarization of the cells progressively activated a conductance that remained high (several nanoSeimens) for several tens of seconds. This current: 1) was linearly dependent on potential between −100 and +50 mV; 2) reversed close to 0 mV in a physiological external solution; 3) could also be carried in part by N-methyl-d-glucamine (PNMDG/PNa 0.7), chloride (PCl/PNa 0.5), or calcium (PCa/PNa 1.3); and 4) was blocked by intracellular ATP (5 mM) or ADP (10 mM) and by extracellular lanthanum (half-maximal concentration 1 mM). A current with all the same properties was recorded in cells when the intracellular solution contained ADP-ribose (10–300 μM) or β-NAD (1 mM) (but not any other nucleotide analogs tested). The results suggest that prolonged depolarization leads to an increased intracellular level of ADP-ribose, which in turn activates this nonselective conductance(s).
Role of fat metabolism in burn trauma-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance

Objective:Review current evidence on the role of fat in posttrauma insulin resistance, in reference to new studies with peroxisome proliferating activating receptor-α agonists. Design:Review. Setting:University laboratory. Patients:Thirty pediatric burn trauma patients. Interventions:Fourteen days of peroxisome proliferating activating receptor-α agonist immediately following burn trauma. Measurements and Main Results:We measured glucose metabolism and fat metabolism via tracer methodology and intracellular measurements. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is impaired following burn trauma, as is intracellular insulin signaling, palmitate oxidation, and mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Furthermore, levels of intracellular lipids are increased. Two weeks of peroxisome proliferating activating receptor-α treatment significantly reverses these pathologic changes incurred from burn injury. Conclusions:Severe burn injury seriously affects multiple aspects of glucose and fat metabolism within the muscle, which can adversely affect clinical outcomes. Treatment with a peroxisome proliferating activating receptor-α drug may be a potential new therapeutic option.
Modeling of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibition by 1H-Pyrazolo[3, 4-d]Pyrimidine Derivatives Using Artificial Neural Network Ensembles

Artificial neural network ensembles were used for modeling the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives. The structural characteristics of these inhibitors were encoded in relevant 3D-spatial descriptors extracted by genetic algorithm feature selection. Bayesian-regularized multilayer neural networks, trained by the back-propagation algorithm, were developed using these variables as inputs. The predictive power of the model was tested by leave-one-out cross validation. In addition, for a more rigorous measure of the predictive capacity, multiple validation sets were randomly generated as members of neural network ensembles, which makes doing averaged predictions feasible. In this way, the predictive power was analyzed accounting for the averaged test set R values and test set mean-square errors. Otherwise, Kohonen self-organizing maps were used as an additional tool for the same modeling. The location of the inhibitors in a map facilitates the analysis of the connection between compounds and serves as a useful tool for qualitative predictions.
Primary photochemical reactions in chloroplast photosynthesis

Photosynthesis begins with the absorption of light energy and this absorbed energy is transferred to special sites, termed reaction centres. At these sites, the light energy is transformed into chemical products through an oxidation-reduction reaction that generates the primary reactants, an oxidized pigment molecule (P+) and a reduced electron acceptor (A–) (Clayton, 1972). The subsequent reactions of these species in the dark ultimately results in the formation of chemical products required for the fixation of CO2. In this essay we will discuss the nature of the primary reactants generated in the light reactions of chloroplast photosynthesis, stressing recent advances in the identification and characterization of such reactants.
Reduced lung function in adults with diabetes

RESEARCHDESIGNANDMETHODSdThe Strong Heart study (SHS) is a multicenter, prospective study of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors among AI adults. The present analysis used lung function assessment by standard spirometry at the SHS second examination (1993 to 1995) in 2,396 adults free of overt lung disease or CVD, with or without DM or MS. Among MS-free/DM-free participants, the development of MS/DM at the SHS third examination (1996 to 1999) was investigated.
Neural Diversity.

Fair enough. But aren't people who load their dishwashers with the cutlery handles pointing up more blood-phobic than people who point the handles down (who must be more germphobic)? Doesn't flap-front versus flap-back toilet paper placement illuminate people's inner weighting of form versus function, just as top bureau drawer contents distinguishes sentimental versus utilitarian personalities? As for the primacy of lather-body versus shampoo-hair, isn't that clearly an indicator of bottom-up versus top-down processing? NIH Public Access Author Manuscript APS Obs. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 December 09. Published in final edited form as: APS Obs. 2007 March ; 20(3): 5–15. N IH -P A A uhor M anscript
The Framing of Online HPV Vaccine Information

This study examined how various non-news sources have framed online human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine information. A content analysis demonstrated that stakeholder activists are the most prevalent HPV information providers. Among various frames, STD and cervical cancer were frequently used as the disease outcomes, and the framed messages targeted sexually inactive men and women. Positive and negative attributes of the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine and the individual responsibility frame were the most prevalent frames in the online information. Stakeholders tended to demonstrate their position more explicitly by using specific frames to support their position, whereas nonstakeholders tried to maintain a neutral position. Stakeholders used other disease outcome frames and positive attributes of safety and location frames more. The results also demonstrated that the frame usage were differed according to the non-news sources’ position. HPV vaccination supporters tended to use other disease outcome frames and positive attributes frames about HPV vaccination more. Implications of the study discussed.
New reversible full-embeddable information hiding method for vector quantisation indices based on locally adaptive complete coding list

Steganography based on vector quantisation (VQ)-compressed indices is widely used in information hiding. In this study, the authors propose a new reversible information hiding method for VQ indices using an on-line generated locally adaptive complete coding list. The complete coding list guarantees that all VQ indices can embed one or two secret bits which efficiently increase the embedding capacity. Additionally, they propose a mixed coding method with an index position threshold by exploring the biased-distribution of locally complete coding indices in order to reduce the bit rate. Experimental results demonstrated that the authors proposed method has a better performance in embedding capacity, bit rate and the embedding-efficiency compared with the four information hiding methods.