Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time Trends in Printed News Coverage of Female Subjects, 1880–2008

Former studies have suggested that female subjects are substantially underrepresented in most media. However, no study has systematically investigated historical trends in women's coverage over the last century. We use data collected by the Lydia text analysis system to assess the development in the coverage of female subjects in 13 daily newspapers, dating back to 1880. Our trend analysis shows that female subjects' representation has remained relatively low throughout modern history. Following a temporary rise during the 1930s, it declined until the 1960s, and then showed a modest uptake in recent decades. The data further demonstrate that no newspaper section comes even close to equality between male and female names.
Maintenance of in vitro properties of leukoreduced whole blood–derived pooled platelets after a 24‐hour interruption of agitation

BACKGROUND: Continuous agitation during platelet concentrate (PC) storage is frequently interrupted during shipping. Studies have evaluated the effects of interrupted agitation in apheresis and single whole blood–derived PCs, but not PC pools. This study evaluated in vitro properties of pooled whole blood–derived platelets (PLTs) after a 24‐hour interruption of agitation.
Word Recognition Index (WRI) as a Quick Screening Marker of Dyslexia

This study describes a recently developed Swedish group test of orthographic segmentation of words. In a multidisciplinary study on reading development in the county of Kronoberg in Sweden there was a need for a quick and reliable method for assessing word recognition skill. The test, called Word Chain, is a group test easily used in the classroom with a testing time of five minutes. The same test can be used for subjects from eight years old to adults and old people. The test seems to be a good screening method for detecting children and adults with dyslexic problems. A Word Recognition Index (WRI) is calculated. A low score on WRI indicates specific reading difficulties. Two different studies will be reported in this paper.
Flexible Broadband Compact Antenna Using Hydrogel Material for Noninvasive Medical Diagnostic Systems

A flexible broadband compact antenna is presented in this paper. To make the antenna compact and flexible, a high-permittivity polyvinyl alcohol organohydrogel is prepared and used. A magnetic coupling feeding method is used to obtain a broadband design, along with lossy material and head loading. The measured impedance bandwidth is larger than 140%, which is useful for imaging and electromagnetic diagnostic systems.
Innovative Performance Evaluation of Unnecessary Handoffs and Handoff Failures during Access Network Selection between WLAN and Cellular Networks

Received Signal Strength based (RSS) horizontal handoff algorithms have been most commonly used by nearly all second generation and third generation wireless networks in a homogeneous environment. Vertical handoffs or network selection algorithms are the terms coined due to integration and interoperability of existing wired and wireless access networks under the umbrella called as 4G. This work takes a thorough review of existing variations of RSS based network selection through vertical handoff between WLAN and Cellular Networks. It further presents innovative performance analysis of these algorithms in terms of number of handoffs by varying velocity of the Mobile Terminal (MT). Unnecessary handoffs results when the MT traveling at a higher velocity close to the WLAN coverage initiates a handoff to WLAN network resulting in connection breakdown and resource wastage. A handoff failure occurs when the traveling duration inside the WLAN cell is less than the handoff latency from the cellular network to the WLAN. Hence this work further suggests an innovative approach to evaluate the probability of handoff failures and unnecessary handoffs by considering radius of WLAN, velocity of MT and Handoff latencies from Cellular-WLAN. General Terms Fourth Generation Networks, Network Selection Algorithm.
The construction of next-generation matrices for compartmental epidemic models

The basic reproduction number ℛ0 is arguably the most important quantity in infectious disease epidemiology. The next-generation matrix (NGM) is the natural basis for the definition and calculation of ℛ0 where finitely many different categories of individuals are recognized. We clear up confusion that has been around in the literature concerning the construction of this matrix, specifically for the most frequently used so-called compartmental models. We present a detailed easy recipe for the construction of the NGM from basic ingredients derived directly from the specifications of the model. We show that two related matrices exist which we define to be the NGM with large domain and the NGM with small domain. The three matrices together reflect the range of possibilities encountered in the literature for the characterization of ℛ0. We show how they are connected and how their construction follows from the basic model ingredients, and establish that they have the same non-zero eigenvalues, the largest of which is the basic reproduction number ℛ0. Although we present formal recipes based on linear algebra, we encourage the construction of the NGM by way of direct epidemiological reasoning, using the clear interpretation of the elements of the NGM and of the model ingredients. We present a selection of examples as a practical guide to our methods. In the appendix we present an elementary but complete proof that ℛ0 defined as the dominant eigenvalue of the NGM for compartmental systems and the Malthusian parameter r, the real-time exponential growth rate in the early phase of an outbreak, are connected by the properties that ℛ0 > 1 if and only if r > 0, and ℛ0 = 1 if and only if r = 0.
Studies in Higher Education 1976–2013: a retrospective using citation network analysis

This paper provides a citation network analysis of the publications in Studies in Higher Education from 1976 to 2013 inclusive. This represents the entire history of the journal to date. It analyses the most published authors, most cited authors and most discussed topics using keywords. 1056 articles were taken from Web of ScienceSM as a source of primary data. These articles were determined to have 32,738 references. A small percentage of these articles, 218 articles, had 1030 keywords. A data visualisation and manipulation software, Gephi, was used to provide a visual representation of the associated citation networks. We compare the results with other higher education citation analyses published elsewhere – a small, but growing area of research. Results indicate that the five most published authors throughout the journal's history are Richardson, Kember, Becher, Boud and Elton. The five most cited authors are Entwistle, Marton, Ramsden, Biggs and Becher. The five most discussed topics, using keywords, excluding higher education, are ‘doctoral education’, ‘assessment’, ‘phenomenography’, ‘student learning’ and ‘identity’, with a number of subordinate topic clusters amongst these. Results derived from this exercise are helpful in illuminating the evolving concerns of the journal and its readership, and providing a demonstration of a rigorous analytical technique for assessing journal citation data in the future.
Simulation-based analysis of current control methods for voltage source inverters with practical considerations

Simulations of voltage source inverters often only consider the ideal system performance, but in the real-world there are always non-ideal characteristics too. To provide insight into performance under non-ideal conditions and to make comparable analyses, particular levels of non-ideal characteristics can be introduced as a benchmark in simulation of current control strategies for voltage source inverters. The overall aim is to offer some implementation guidance so that control method suitability and associated issues/limitations are quickly identified (via knowledge of particular non-ideal characteristics that a certain control is susceptible to) - which hopefully saves time and/or cost during prototype development and verification.
The Ultimate Compliment: A Sociological Analysis of Ceremonial Discourse

Recent concepts and findings from conversation analysis are used as the point of departure in studying the social structure of Nobel Ceremonies. Six predictions about such ceremonies are derived from prior work on responses to compliments in ordinary conversations. Data obtained from the published texts of Les Prix Nobel confirm these predictions. It is shown that participants use the same forms of discourse to construct informal complimentary exchanges and celebratory rituals, such as the Nobel Ceremonies. It is suggested that the social structure of such ceremonies is indistinguishable from these regular patterns of discourse and that this is one reason why it has proved to be so fruitful to proceed in this analysis from the organisation of ordinary conversations to the structure of complex interactions.
Scalable Facility Location for Massive Graphs on Pregel-like Systems

We propose a new scalable algorithm for the facility-location problem. We study the graph setting, where the cost of serving a client from a facility is represented by the shortest-path distance on a graph. This setting is applicable to various problems arising in the Web and social media, and allows to leverage the inherent sparsity of such graphs. To obtain truly scalable performance, we design a parallel algorithm that operates on clusters of shared-nothing machines. In particular, we target modern Pregel-like architectures, and we implement our algorithm on Apache Giraph. Our work builds upon previous results: a facility location algorithm for the PRAM model, a recent distance-sketching method for massive graphs, and a parallel algorithm to finding maximal independent sets. The main challenge is to adapt those building blocks to the distributed graph setting, while maintaining the approximation guarantee and limiting the amount of distributed communication. Extensive experimental results show that our algorithm scales gracefully to graphs with billions of edges, while, in terms of quality, being competitive with state-of-the-art sequential algorithms.
A Compact Tri-Frequency and Tri-Polarization Combination Antenna

In this paper, a combination antenna which integrates tri-frequency bands and tri-polarizations is presented. They are L-band circular polarization antenna, S-band omnidirectional antenna, and C-band wide beam antenna. Among them, the L-band right-handed circularly polarized antenna adopts the form of four-point coupled feed microstrip to realize the wideband impedance and Axial Ratio (AR), which can be applied to GPS, Beidou, Galileo and GLONASS navigation systems. The vertically polarized S-band antenna is realized through a printed monopole design, while the C-band wide-beam antenna adopts a dipole configuration with a parasitic element.
Behavior and properties of spatio-temporal local features under visual transformations

Successful state-of-the-art video retrieval and classification applications are predominantly carried out by means of spatio-temporal features. Typically, the evaluation of these tasks is exclusively done based on their final performance but no systematic analysis of feature robustness, invariance and stability has been done yet for large scale video retrieval. In this work, we analyze the impact of visual transformation on spatio-temporal features in large scale experiments. Following the recipe of recent state of the art evaluations, we choose the best performing approaches, namely the spatio-temporal Harris3D, Hessian3D, and Cuboid detectors and the HOG/HOF, SURF3D, and HOG3D descriptors. We show that these features have different properties and behave differently under varying transformations (challenges). This helps researchers to justify the choice of features for new applications and helps to optimize the choice of input video in terms of resolution, compression, frames per second or noise suppression. We make the extracted features accessible on-line for further independent evaluation and applications.
Intergenerational Collisions and Leadership in the 21st Century

As the workplace becomes host to five generations, intergenerational relationships pose new challenges for both leaders and direct reports. This article describes the findings of a study that suggests emerging patterns of leadership among young leaders as they oversee direct reports much older than themselves. The researchers conducted a qualitative study with leaders under the age of 36 and direct reports at least 20 years older. Interviews with both generations demonstrate a paradigm shift in the way young people lead in an intergenerational setting. Younger leaders are emphasizing task accomplishment and multi-tasking to be of primary importance in the leader-direct report relationship, eschewing the emphasis on quality outcomes that has been an industry standard for several decades. This article provides both historical backgrounds on organizational leadership trends and information on this emerging pattern in leadership style. The intent of the study is to advance the field of knowledge regarding leadership in the multi-generational work environment. Our findings show that leadership patterns are changing, not in theory, but through intergenerational collisions between leaders’ behaviors and interpretations from direct reports of what it means to lead.
Inception V3 Model-Based Approach for Detecting Defects on Steel Surfaces

The adoption of machine learning, specifically the Inception V3 model, has revolutionized surface defect detection in steel manufacturing, replacing manual inspection with automated precision. This study focused on training and fine-tuning the Inception V3 model using a comprehensive dataset of steel surface images, effectively identifying various defects like scratches, cracks, and rust with exceptional accuracy, precision, and recall. The model's deep architecture and ability to recognize complex patterns proved highly effective in detecting subtle and challenging defects, surpassing other CNN models. By automating defect detection, this approach significantly enhances quality control in the steel industry, offering more consistent and reliable results, even in varying conditions. Challenges include the need for diverse datasets and real-world performance testing, while future research directions include integrating the model into real-time manufacturing processes and exploring its applications in other manufacturing defect detection tasks. Overall, the Inception V3 model presents a promising tool for improving industrial quality assurance in steel manufacturing and beyond.
Monte Carlo calculations of low energy positrons in silicon

The penetration of charged particles through matter is determined by the outcomes of countless Coulomb collisions with atoms and atomic electrons. It is a useful schematization to classify these collisions as soft and hard. Soft collisions, with impact parameters large compared to atomic dimensions are extremely numerous, and give rise to small energy losses and deflections. Hard collisions, with small impact parameters are much less frequent and result in large energy losses and deflections. Both types of collisions make essential contributions to the transport process [4]. The dynamics of each individual collision should be known accurately for a reliable Monte Carlo simulation of such events. The atomic collisions of charged particles, as many body problems [13] are very difficult to solve exactly, therefore several approximations, which are valid in various incoming particle energy regions, are made to find solutions. A low-energy positron beam may be thought as the antimatter complement to the electron beams found in many diagnostic probes and other useful devices. The exciting field of low-energy positron research has been revolutionized by the introduction of slow-positron beams. Once positron is injected into the material, it suffers elastic and inelastic scattering events. Because both scattering processes are important in determining, for example, particle ranges and backscattering probabilities, it is difficult experimentally to study any particular process in isolation. The Monte Carlo simulation technique, in which the particle trajectories are Monte Carlo calculations of low energy positrons in silicon Asuman Aydin
Dysregulation of the Bmi-1/p16Ink4a pathway provokes an aging-associated decline of submandibular gland function

Bmi‐1 prevents stem cell aging, at least partly, by blocking expression of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p16Ink4a. Therefore, dysregulation of the Bmi‐1/p16Ink4a pathway is considered key to the loss of tissue homeostasis and development of associated degenerative diseases during aging. However, because Bmi‐1 knockout (KO) mice die within 20 weeks after birth, it is difficult to determine exactly where and when dysregulation of the Bmi‐1/p16Ink4a pathway occurs during aging in vivo. Using real‐time in vivo imaging of p16Ink4a expression in Bmi‐1‐KO mice, we uncovered a novel function of the Bmi‐1/p16Ink4a pathway in controlling homeostasis of the submandibular glands (SMGs), which secrete saliva into the oral cavity. This pathway is dysregulated during aging in vivo, leading to induction of p16Ink4a expression and subsequent declined SMG function. These findings will advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the aging‐related decline of SMG function and associated salivary gland hypofunction, which is particularly problematic among the elderly.
Partial Reset in Pulse-Coupled Oscillators

Pulse-coupled threshold units serve as paradigmatic models for a wide range of complex systems. When the state variable of a unit crosses a threshold, the unit sends a pulse that is received by other units, thereby mediating the interactions. At the same time, the state variable of the sending unit is reset. Here we present and analyze a class of pulse-coupled oscillators where the reset may be partial only and is mediated by a partial reset function. Such a partial reset characterizes intrinsic physical or biophysical features of a unit, e.g., resistive coupling between dendrite and soma of compartmental neurons; at the same time the description in terms of a partial reset enables a rigorous mathematical investigation of the collective network dynamics. The partial reset acts as a desynchronization mechanism. For N all-to-all pulse-coupled oscillators an increase in the strength of the partial reset causes a sequence of desynchronizing bifurcations from the fully synchronous state via states with large c.
Aspects of identity in a British Christian sample

Quantitative studies on religiosity and identity appear to be generally absent. In the present study we investigated this relationship, and predicted that personal identity would be positively associated with church attendance, and mainly intrinsic and quest Christian religious orientations, while social identity would exhibit a positive association with extrinsic orientation. A total of 161 British Christian adults took part in the study and responded to standardized measures of Christian religiosity and identity. The predicted relationship between religiosity and aspects of identity was to an extent supported. As expected, personal identity showed a positive association with quest, while social identity was positively related to extrinsic-personal, and negatively to intrinsic. Counter to our predictions, church attendance had an inverse association with social identity, while it lacked an obvious association with personal identity. It appears that the social expressions of Christians are more likely to be concerned with broad inclusive collective identities.
On Structured Variational Approximations

The problem of approximating a probability distribution occurs frequently in many areas of applied mathematics including statistics communication theory machine learning and the theoretical analysis of complex systems such as neural networks Saul and Jordan have recently proposed a powerful method for e ciently ap proximating probability distributions known as structured variational approximations In structured variational approximations exact algorithms for probability computa tion on tractable substructures are combined with variational methods to handle the interactions between the substructures which make the system as a whole intractable In this note I present a mathematical result which can simplify the derivation of struc tured variational approximations in the exponential family of distributions Introduction Belief networks provide a well understood graphical framework for expressing the interac tions between random variables Such networks have proven useful for modeling the causal structure of complex systems of interacting variables such as diseases and symptoms in a medical diagnosis problem They also provide an elegant framework for understanding the relation between neural network learning algorithms and more traditional statistical models Finally some would argue that belief networks themselves are an appealing model of neural computation and perceptual inference in humans One of the essential attributes of a belief network is that it de nes a graphical structure within which to do Bayesian inference in a probabilistically consistent manner The graphical structure speci es a set of conditional independences between the variables in the network These independences can be exploited to derive recursive algorithms for inferring the con ditional probabilities of any set of variables given any other set of variables However for general belief networks with arbitrary connectivity and nonlinear interactions the problem of exact inference is computationally intractable Cooper Therefore in practice this intractability must be circumvented by making use of approximate algorithms for inference Two such classes of algorithms are Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and variational ap proximations both of which were developed in large part by statistical physicists modeling systems of many interacting particles In this paper we present a simplemathematical result A review of Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods is provided by Neal mean eld methods in physics which are a class of variational approximation are discussed in Parisi