Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress Status in Childhood Obesity: A Potential Risk Predictor

Background Childhood obesity characterized by excessive fat in the body is one of the most serious health problems worldwide due to the social, medical, and physiological complications. Obesity and associated diseases are triggering factors for oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of this study was to explore the possible association between childhood obesity and inflammatory and oxidative status. Material/Methods Thirty-seven obese children and 37 healthy controls selected from among children admitted to BLIND University Paediatrics Department were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements were performed using standard methods. Glucose, lipid parameters, CRP, insulin, total oxidant status (TOS), total anti-oxidant status (TAS) levels, and total thiol levels (TTL) were measured in serum. HOMA index (HOMA-IR) were calculated. The differences between the groups were evaluated statistically using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results Body mass index was significantly higher in the obese group (median: 28.31(p<0.001). Glucose metabolism, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels were significantly higher in the obese group (both p<0.001). Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the obese group (p<0.001). TAS (med: 2.5 μmol Trolox eq/L (1.7–3.3)) and TOS (med: 49.1 μmol H2O2 eq/L (34.5–78.8)) levels and TTL (med: 0.22 mmol/L (0.16–0.26)) were significantly higher in the obese group (p=0.001). CRP levels showed positive correlation with TOS and negative correlation with TTL levels (p=0.005, r=0.473; p=0.01, r=−0.417; respectively). TTL levels exhibited negative correlation with TOS levels (p=0.03, r=−0.347). Conclusions In conclusion, obese children were exposed to more oxidative burden than children with normal weight. Increased systemic oxidative stress induced by childhood obesity can cause development of obesity-related complications and diseases. Widely focussed studies are required on the use of oxidative parameters as early prognostic parameters in detection of obesity-related complications.
Delay-constraint topology control in wireless sensor networks format

This paper studies delay-constraint topology control (DTC) in wireless sensor networks. That is, the delay of transmission is guaranteed through topology control. This problem has been proved to be NP-Completeness, and the previous works are in-adequate and lack of the theoretical analysis. In this paper, we present the DTCP algorithm with the minimal increased-energy method. We analyze that the energy cost of DTCP algorithm is at most (2n/T)α -- 2(2n/T)α-2 + 1 times as that of minimal spanning tree for the linear networks, where n is the number of the nodes in the network, T is the required delay from source to the sink node, α is determined by hardware and environments. Besides these, we design two localized algorithms for DTC problem. The experimental results show that DTCP algorithm can reduce about 31% energy over HBH algorithm under the same conditions.
Mistakes and Ambiguities in the definition of Standard ML

The em Definition of Standard ML contains several errors and ambiguities. Some of them have already been published in the em Commentary on Standard ML, but the list given there is incomplete. The paper lists all errors known to me today, including the errors listed in the Commentary. On most of the others I came across when writing the semantics of Extended ML. Most errors are supplied with an explanation ``what goes wrong'' and with a suggested correction. I understand ``error'' in a very broad sense --- ranging from typos to serious flaws in the rules. Some of the problems I mention are originated by a certain tension between formal definitions and informal explanations, e.g. overloading is informally explained though impossible in the given formal setting. Some parts of the paper are difficult to understand without prior knowledge of the Definition and the Commentary, because I rely on the notation and jargon introduced in these books. However, the nature of this paper has it that the various sections do not depend on each other, making it possible for somebody not familiar with the entrails of SML to read the less technical sections on their own.
STAR: A proposed architecture for cloud computing applications

With rapid development of cloud computing, the need for an architecture to follow in developing cloud computing applications is necessary. Existing architectures lack the way cloud applications are developed. They focus on clouds' structure and how to use clouds as a tool in developing cloud computing applications rather than focusing on how applications themselves are developed using clouds. This paper presents a survey on key cloud computing concepts, definitions, characteristics, development phases, and architectures. Also, it proposes and describes a novel architecture, which aid developers to develop cloud computing applications in a systematic way. It discusses how cloud computing transforms the way applications are developed/delivered and describes the architectural considerations that developers must take when adopting and using cloud computing technology.
An X-Band Radar Transceiver MMIC with Bandwidth Reduction in 0.13 µm SiGe Technology

This paper presents an X-band chirp radar transceiver with bandwidth reduction for range detection. The radar transceiver includes a super-heterodyne receiver including an ADC, a direct-digital synthesizer (DDS) based transmitter and a phase-locked loop (PLL) synthesizer. In a modified Weaver architecture, the down-converted baseband signal is further mixed with another chirp signal through stretch processing. The resulting waveform bandwidth is greatly reduced and thus relaxes the power and bandwidth requirements of the on-chip ADC. Therefore, the proposed radar transceiver achieves power and bandwidth reductions without degrading its range resolution. The radar-on-chip (RoC) MMIC was implemented in a 0.13 μm SiGe technology with die area of 3.5 × 2.5 mm2. With a 2.2 V supply for analog/RF circuits and a 1.5 V supply for the digital portion, the chip consumes 326 mW in the receive mode and 333 mW in the transmit mode, respectively.
Characterization of intermediate filaments in PC12 cells

A 57 kDa protein is the major polypeptide in intermediate filament (IF)- enriched cytoskeletal preparations obtained from the neuronal cell line PC12 (rat pheochromocytoma). Under the conditions used to assemble IF in vitro from other cultured cell lines, 10 nm filaments are formed after 2 cycles of disassembly-assembly from PC12 IF-enriched cytoskeletal preparations; the 57 kDa protein is the major component of the final IF pellet. The 57 kDa protein is immunologically related to the BHK-21 fibroblast 55 kDa protein (vimentin), but a comparison of the peptide maps of PC12 57 kDa and BHK 55 kDa indicates that they are different proteins. With the use of a polyclonal antiserum to the PC12 57 kDa protein, immunofluorescence observations of PC12 cells not treated with NGF reveal a juxtanuclear “knot–-like structure. After NGF treatment, the “knots– are less prominent and many IF arrays are seen coursing through the cytoplasm and extending into the neurites. These immunofluorescence observations of the distribution of IF are corroborated by fine-structural analyses. SDS-PAGE analyses indicate that IF-enriched cytoskeletons isolated from NGF-treated cells have a polypeptide composition similar to that of untreated cells, that is, the 57 kDa protein remains the major polypeptide. SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting analyses show that untreated and NGF-treated PC12 cells also contain relatively minor amounts of the 68, 150, and 200 kDa neurofilament triplet (NFT) proteins. Under immunofluorescence, only 5% of untreated PC12 cells are found to contain a juxtanuclear “knot” labeled with NFT antibodies, but with time following NGF treatment, the number of fluorescent cells increases. After about 2 weeks of NGF treatment, all of the PC12 cells appear to contain NFT antibody- positive filamentous structures. As assessed by immunofluorescence, the NFT polypeptides appear to codistribute with the 57 kDa protein in both untreated and NGF-treated PC12 cells. These data indicate that PC12 cells contain IF composed of a complex set of polypeptides, including a previously unidentified 57 kDa IF protein. While NGF may induce production of NFT polypeptides, there does not appear to be a “switch” from known mesenchymal IF polypeptide expression to NFT polypeptide expression upon stimulation of PC12 cells with NGF.
Face recognition of video sequences in a MPEG-7 context using a global eigen approach

An integral scheme that provides a global eigen approach to the problem of face recognition of still images has been presented by Lorente and Torres, (1998). The scheme is based on the representation of the face images using the so called eigenfaces, generated performing a PCA (Principal Components Analysis). The data base used was designed for still image recognition and the corresponding images were very controlled. That is, the test images had controlled expression, orientation and lighting variations. Preliminary results were shown using only a frontal view image by person in the training set. In this paper, we present our first results for face recognition of video sequences. To that end, we have modified our original scheme in such a way that is able to cope with the different face conditions present in a video sequence. The main and final objective is to develop a tool to be used in the MPEG-7 standardization effort to help video indexing activities. The system is not yet fully automatic, but an automatic facial point location is under development. Good results have been obtained using the video test sequences used in the MPEG-7 evaluation group.
How to make the gravitational action on noncompact space finite

The recently proposed technique to regularize the divergences of the gravitational action on noncompact space by adding boundary counterterms is studied. We propose a prescription for constructing boundary counterterms which are polynomial in the boundary curvature. This prescription is efficient for both asymptotically anti‐de Sitter and asymptotically flat spaces. Being mostly interested in the asymptotically flat case we demonstrate how our procedure works for known examples of noncompact spaces: Eguchi-Hanson metric, Kerr-Newman metric, Taub-NUT, Taub-bolt metrics, and others. Analyzing the regularization procedure when the boundary is not a round sphere we observe that our counterterm helps to cancel the large r divergence of the action in the zero and first orders in small deviations of the geometry of the boundary from that of the round sphere. In order to cancel the divergence in the second order in deviations a new quadratic in boundary curvature counterterm is introduced. We argue that the cancellation of the divergence for finite deviations possibly requires an infinite series of ~higher order in the boundary curvature! boundary counterterms.
Complex Singularities and the Lorenz Attractor

The Lorenz attractor is one of the best-known examples of applied mathematics. However, much of what is known about it is a result of numerical calculations and not of mathemat- ical analysis. As a step toward mathematical analysis, we allow the time variable in the three-dimensional Lorenz system to be complex, hoping that solutions that have resisted analysis on the real line will give up their secrets in the complex plane. Knowledge of singularities being fundamental to any investigation in the complex plane, we build upon earlier work and give a complete and consistent formal development of complex singular- ities of the Lorenz system using the psi series. The psi series contain two undetermined constants. In addition, the location of the singularity is undetermined as a consequence of the autonomous nature of the Lorenz system. We prove that the psi series converge, using a technique that is simpler and more powerful than that of Hille, thus implying a two-parameter family of singular solutions of the Lorenz system. We pose three ques- tions, answers to which may bring us closer to understanding the connection of complex singularities to Lorenz dynamics.
Generation expansion planning considering externalities for large scale integration of renewable energy

Generation expansion planning (GEP) problem involves determining new power plants in terms of type, capacity and allocation for meeting future load demands. The GEP problem incorporates large number of constraints and it is a highly complex, large scale, non linear optimization problem. Large scale integration of Renewable Energy systems (RES) in GEP problem has always been averted by the high cost and poor availability rates of RES as compared to conventional fossil fuel fired power plants. However internalizing environmental externalities in GEP problem could help to promote large scale integration of RES. The proposed model in this paper examines the effect of internalizing externalities on the GEP problem. External cost values for China are evaluated using the unit damage costs of pollutants. The model has been implemented in MATLAB using Genetic Algorithm and is applied to a case study of one of the district power companies of China. The results show significant structural changes in favor of RES confirming that internalizing externalities can be used as a driving policy tool for large scale integration of RES.
PLASMONIC EFFECT OF GOLD NANOSPHEROID ON SPONTANEOUS EMISSION

The plasmonic efiects of a gold prolate nanospheroid on the spontaneous emission of an adjacent emitter, regarded as an oscillating electric dipole, at the excitation and emission stages are studied respectively by using the multiple multipole method. The numerical results show that when an irradiating light is at the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance frequency of the nanospheroid and with a polarization parallel to the long axis, the strongest excitation rate occurs at the proximity of the long-axis vertex. In addition, if the emitter is at this region, and its orientation is also parallel to the long axis, the apparent quantum yield of the emission is the maximum, compared to the other locations and orientations. Therefore, for this case the overall enhancement factor of a nanospheroid on an emitter's spontaneous emission is the maximum. In contrast, the emitter's emission could be quenched, if it is near the short-axis vertex.
Non-Linear Programming: Maximize SNR for Designing Spreading Sequence - Part I: SNR versus Mean-Square Correlation

Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is an important index for wireless communications. In CDMA systems, spreading sequences are utilized. This series of papers show the method to derive spreading sequences as the solutions of the non-linear programming: maximize SNR. In this paper, we consider a frequency-selective wide-sense-stationary uncorrelated-scattering (WSSUS) channel and evaluate the worst case of SNR. Then, we derive the new expression of SNR whose main term consists of the periodic correlation terms and the aperiodic correlation terms. In general, there is a relation between SNR and mean-square correlations, which are indices for performance of spreading sequences. Then, we show the relation between our expression and them. With this expression, we can maximize SNR with the Lagrange multiplier method. In Part II, with this expression, we construct two types optimization problems and evaluate them.
An Improved Distributed Algorithm for Maximal Independent Set

The Maximal Independent Set (MIS) problem is one of the basics in the study of locality in distributed graph algorithms. This paper presents a very simple randomized algorithm for this problem providing a near-optimal local complexity, which incidentally, when combined with some known techniques, also leads to a near-optimal global complexity. Classical MIS algorithms of Luby [STOC'85] and Alon, Babai and Itai [JALG'86] provide the global complexity guarantee that, with high probability1, all nodes terminate after O(log n) rounds. In contrast, our initial focus is on the local complexity, and our main contribution is to provide a very simple algorithm guaranteeing that each particular node v terminates after O(log deg(v) + log 1/e) rounds, with probability at least 1 -- e. The degree-dependency in this bound is optimal, due to a lower bound of Kuhn, Moscibroda, and Wattenhofer [PODC'04]. Interestingly, this local complexity smoothly transitions to a global complexity: by adding techniques of Barenboim, Elkin, Pettie, and Schneider [FOCS'12; arXiv: 1202.1983v3], we2 get an MIS algorithm with a high probability global complexity of O(log Δ) + 2O([EQUATION]), where Δ denotes the maximum degree. This improves over the O(log2 Δ) + 2O([EQUATION]) result of Barenboim et al., and gets close to the Ω(min{log Δ, [EQUATION]}) lower bound of Kuhn et al. Corollaries include improved algorithms for MIS in graphs of upper-bounded arboricity, or lower-bounded girth, for Ruling Sets, for MIS in the Local Computation Algorithms (LCA) model, and a faster distributed algorithm for the Lovasz Local Lemma.
Transient inflammatory response mediated by interleukin-1β is required for proper regeneration in zebrafish fin fold

Cellular responses to injury are crucial for complete tissue regeneration, but their underlying processes remain incompletely elucidated. We have previously reported that myeloid-defective zebrafish mutants display apoptosis of regenerative cells during fin fold regeneration. Here, we found that the apoptosis phenotype is induced by prolonged expression of interleukin 1 beta (il1b). Myeloid cells are considered to be the principal source of Il1b, but we show that epithelial cells express il1b in response to tissue injury and initiate the inflammatory response, and that its resolution by macrophages is necessary for survival of regenerative cells. We further show that Il1b plays an essential role in normal fin fold regeneration by regulating expression of regeneration-induced genes. Our study reveals that proper levels of Il1b signaling and tissue inflammation, which are tuned by macrophages, play a crucial role in tissue regeneration. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.22716. 001
Dynamic spectrum access in WLAN channels: empirical model and its stochastic analysis

In this work we are concerned with dynamically sharing the spectrum in the time-domain by exploiting whitespace between the bursty transmissions of a primary user, represented by an 802.11b-based wireless LAN (WLAN). For deriving such schemes we need to establish a model of the WLAN's medium access as to predict its behavior accurately. Moreover, a balance between accuracy and complexity needs to be struck as to render the model useful in practice. We emphasize that our model is based on actual measurements at 2.4GHz using a vector signal analyzer. We have shown previously that a semi-Markov model is a viable approach for modeling the busy/idle durations. In the present paper we extend our results by (i) expanding the measurement setup and looking at more realistic traffic scenarios, (ii) providing a better approximation to the distribution of the idle durations, and (iii) fitting a phasetype approximation to arrive at a computationally simpler description. The goodness-of-fit of the proposed models is evaluated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
A new passive source localization method using AOA-GROA-TDOA in wireless sensor array networks and its Cramér-Rao bound analysis

In this paper, a new Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived for passive source localization based on angles-of-arrival (AOAs), gain ratios of arrival (GROAs) and time differences of arrival (TDOAs) in a wireless sensor array network. The derived CRLB using AOA-GROA-TDOA (AGT) is reduced to the one using AOA-GROA if no coherence exists across the arrays and lower than the CRLB using AOA-only. When the coherence is considered, the CRLB using AGT measurements is consistently lower than the other known bounds using AOA-only, TDOA-only and AOA-TDOA.
Human error, interaction and the development of safety-critical systems

This chapter summarises the theoretical and practical consequences of human error for the design, operation and maintenance of interactive systems. The focus is on safety-critical applications, in industries ranging from aviation to healthcare. However, human error has an impact on all systems that require human intervention. Individual failures have enormous financial consequences, although most cost less than the 40.5 billion yen that was lost in 2005 when a Japanese trader agreed to sell 610,000 shares for as little as 1 yen each, rather than one share for 610,000 yen (New York Times, 2005). Human error also has a cumulative effect. Less dramatic errors contribute to the frustration that many computer users experience as they work to complete deadlines and make deliveries in everyday working environments (Reason, Human Error, 1990). If designers, managers and regulators can identify those situations in which users are likely to make errors then we can help to minimise their impact (Johnson, Handbook of Accidents and Incidents, 2003). This may save lives, avoid financial disaster or simply increase the sense of satisfaction that users experience when they operate complex systems.
Suicide ideation and physical, emotional, and cognitive dimensions of pain in people with cardiovascular disease

Aim. The present study aimed to examine the suicide ideation and intensity and dimensions of pain in people with cardiovascular disease compared with healthy people. Background. A few researches have done in relation to the suicide ideation and the amount of pain and dimensions of pain. Method. The research design was descriptive-comparative. Sample size consisted of 182 people including people with cardiovascular disease (n=91) and healthy people (n=91). The participants were recruited by convenience sampling from Emam Reza Clinic in Shiraz, Iran within a three-month period. Participants completed demographic form, and pain and suicide ideation questionnaires. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS version 21. Findings. People with cardiovascular disease reported more suicide ideation and experienced more pain than healthy people. Moreover, people with cardiovascular disease had higher scores in all three dimensions of pain (sensational-physical, emotional-affective, and cognitive). The result of ANCOVA showed that after controlling pain variable, statistical significant difference between groups’ suicide ideation was removed . Conclusion. It can be concluded that people with cardiovascular disease suffer from suicide ideation and emotional and cognitive pain along with physical pain. Pain also plays an important role in the incidence of suicide ideation in people with cardiovascular disease.
Power Management Electronics

• In order to achieve high power density from the energy harvester, there should be some form of impedance match between the energy source and transducer and the electrical system. This requires control of the input impedance of the circuit which interfaces to the transducer • The output voltage and current from the energy harvester are rarely directly compatible with load electronics and thus some form of voltage regulation is required • As discussed in Chapter 3, some form of energy storage is almost certainly required so that the intermittency of the energy harvesting source does not have a detrimental effect on the continuous operation of the system