Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Long-term Impact of Philosophy for Children: A Longitudinal Study (Preliminary Results)

Twenty years ago, the European School of Madrid (ESM) began to implement P4C. Fix Garc Moriy trained a group of teachers through an intensive workshop and Elena Morilla coordinated the whole process thereafter. P4C was integrated within the regular curriculum and students attended one class per week since primary school (6 years of age) to the end of high-school (18 years of age). After obtaining informed consent from both the school staff and the students' families, a longitudinal study began in 2002 for investigating the presumed lasting positive impact of P4C over cognitive and non-cognitive factors, and also over academic achievement. To the best of our knowledge this research is unique because there is only one long-term study (Malmhester, 1996) and the remaining research was made in the short-term (one year or less) (Garc & Cebas, 2004). So far we have been following more than 400 students in the treatment group (P4C) and more than 300 students in a control group. As required, both groups shared closely similar social and cultural backgrounds: both are private schools in a small village, mainly residential, 18 km and 32 km away from Madrid, same highway A-6, etc. Students came from middle-upper class families, and middle-upper social and cultural status. We recruited six cohorts from the P4C school and five cohorts from the control school across the years. Data were collected at three time points: 2nd grade (8 years), 6th grade (11-12 years), and 4th grade of secondary school (16 years). The administered measures tapped cognitive abilities (IGF and EFAI), basic personality traits (EPQ), and academic achievement (school grades and standardized tests). This research tests the hypothesis that "IF P4C improves cognitive and non-cognitive basic psychological traits, THEN the treatment group will show greater scores in the standardized measures of both psychological factors". Here we present a summary of the evidence accumulated in the past 10 years. These were the main results: (1) P4C promotes an average advantage of half a standard deviation in general cognitive ability (? 7 IQ points), (2) the average advantage is especially noteworthy in the lowest tail of the cognitive distribution across the years, (3) lower percentages of participants in the training group can be found at the risk area, and (4) P4C children are more prone to pro-social behavior, but they are also a bit more emotionally unstable.
Flight deck information automation: A human-in-the loop in-trail procedure simulation study

Information automation systems are generally intended to support pilot tasks and improve flightcrew awareness and decision making, but not to directly control the aircraft or its systems. As a result these systems do not include cases where automation decisions and actions directly affect the aircraft performance, flight path or systems. Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) operational concepts and technologies will dramatically affect both the types and amount of information available on flight decks. Much of that information will be produced by flight deck information automation systems that collect, process, and present that information to the flightcrew. It is therefore important to understand the human factors characteristics of information automation systems and identify human factors issues specifically related to information automation. This paper presents an investigation of two information automation characteristics (functional complexity and automation visibility) using prototype oceanic In-Trail Procedures (ITP) display systems. The outcome will be used to develop and iterate recommendations for design and evaluation of information automation systems that will mitigate the identified human factors issues.
Compact analytical models for the SET and RESET switching statistics of RRAM inspired in the cell-based percolation model of gate dielectric breakdown

In this work, we depart from the cell-based percolation model of gate dielectric breakdown (BD) to propose analytical models for the SET and RESET statistics in resistive switching memory (RRAM). The SET or RESET statistics model consists of two basic elements: (i) a cell-based geometrical model to describe the dependence of the resistive switching (RS) distribution on the defect generation in the conductive filament (CF), and (ii) a deterministic model for the SET/RESET dynamics to describe the relation of the defect generation with measurable variables such as the SET/RESET voltage and current. The experimental observations in HfO2- and NiO-based RRAM devices can be successfully accounted for by our models for RS statistics. The models set a framework for the consideration of performance-reliability tradeoffs in RRAM.
Social Shocks and Slave Social Mobility: Manumission in Brunswick County, Virginia, 1782–18621

What factors raised or lowered manumission rates in the U.S. South? Prior considerations of this question possess three weaknesses: underdeveloped theories with limited causes of liberations, impressionistic empirical analysis, and neglect of rural liberations. The author links two types of social shocks to liberations through quantitative analysis of all liberations granted by masters in Brunswick County, Virginia, from 1782 to 1862. Manumission deterrents and generators explain the rates at which manumission documents were written and chattels were freed. The antebellum pattern of white domination and black subordination disclosed in this research sheds light on the role racial ideologies have played in black‐white relations during the postbellum era and the social conditions under which whites have acceded to blacks’ demands for improvements in their status.
An Optimum Layer Assignment for Routing in ICs and PCBs

An optimum layer assignment of interconnections in IC and two-layer PCB is derived. The assignment is optimal in the sense that it is achieved through a global minimization of contacts or vias. The problem is formulated as a 0,1 integer program and solved using a branch and bound technique. There are no constraints on contact location or on the number of wires that can be connected at each contact. Applications of this procedure to VLSI circuits are discussed.
Reverse inheritance in statically typed object-oriented programming languages

Reverse inheritance is a new class reuse mechanism, an experimental implementation of which we have built for Eiffel. It enables a more natural design approach, factorization of common features (members), insertion of classes into an existing hierarchy etc. Due to its reuse potential in Eiffel we consider exploring its capabilities in other industrial-strength programming languages like C++, Java and C#.
Unusual signal peptide directs penicillin amidase from Escherichia coli to the Tat translocation machinery.

The recently described Tat protein translocation system in Escherichia coli recognizes its protein substrates by the consensus twin arginine (SRRXFLK) motif in the signal peptide. The signal sequence of E. coli pre-pro-penicillin amidase bears two arginine residues separated by one aspargine and does not resemble the Tat-targeting motif but can nevertheless target the precursor to the Tat pathway. Mutational studies have shown that the hydrophobic core region acts in synergism with the positive charged N-terminal part of the signal peptide as a Tat recognition signal and contributes to the efficient Tat targeting of the pre-pro-penicillin amidase.
Optimization of a Hyperspectral Image Processing Chain Using Heterogeneous and GPU-Based Parallel Computing Architectures

Hyperspectral imaging is a new technique in remote sensing that generates hundreds of images, at different wavelength channels, for the same area on the surface of the Earth. In recent years, several efforts have been directed towards the incorporation of high-performance computing systems and architectures into remote sensing missions. With the aim of providing an overview of current and new trends in the design of parallel and distributed systems for remote sensing applications, this paper presents two solutions for efficient implementation of a hyperspectral image processing chain based on mixed pixel analysis. The first solution is intended for efficient exploitation of hyperspectral data after being transmitted to Earth, and is tested on a heterogeneous network of workstations at University of Maryland. The second solution is intended for on-board, real-time exploitation of hyperspectral data, and is tested on an NVidia graphics processing unit (GPU). Combined, the two discussed approaches integrate a system with different levels of priority in processing of the hyperspectral data, which can be tuned depending on the specific requirements of the application scenario. The proposed implementations are evaluated using hyperspectral data collected by the Airborne Visible Infra-Red Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) operated by NASA/JPL.
What a Difference the Community Makes: Zero Tolerance Policy Interpretation and Implementation

The implementation of zero tolerance policies raises important questions. In this article we explore how zero tolerance policies are interpreted, implemented, and enforced differently in urban, rural, and suburban districts, and how this results in unequal numbers of expulsions and suspensions. Using a policy analysis framework, we explored how administrators from economically and culturally distinct communities developed an understanding of zero tolerance policy. In some cases, administrators modified the policy to meet the needs and culture of their districts, while in other situations, administrators adhered to the policy as written. The varying interpretations allowed some children to remain in school for particular offenses while other children were expelled immediately for similar infractions. Our data show that this policy adversely impacts a disproportionately higher number of students color in urban school districts.
Adult sea lamprey tolerates biliary atresia by altering bile salt composition and renal excretion

The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a genetically programmed animal model for biliary atresia, as it loses its bile ducts and gallbladder during metamorphosis. However, in contrast to patients with biliary atresia or other forms of cholestasis who develop progressive disease, the postmetamorphosis lampreys grow normally to adult size. To understand how the adult lamprey thrives without the ability to secrete bile, we examined bile salt homeostasis in larval and adult lampreys. Adult livers were severely cholestatic, with levels of bile salts >1 mM, but no evidence of necrosis, fibrosis, or inflammation. Interestingly, both larvae and adults had normal plasma levels (∼10 μM) of bile salts. In larvae, petromyzonol sulfate (PZS) was the predominant bile salt, whereas the major bile salts in adult liver were sulfated C27 bile alcohols. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that PZS was highly toxic. Pharmacokinetic studies in free‐swimming adults revealed that ∼35% of intravenously injected bromosulfophthalein (BSP) was eliminated over a 72‐hour period. Collection of urine and feces demonstrated that both endogenous and exogenous organic anions, including biliverdin, bile salts, and BSP, were predominantly excreted by way of the kidney, with minor amounts also detected in feces. Gene expression analysis detected marked up‐regulation of orthologs of known organic anion and bile salt transporters in the kidney, with lesser effects in the intestine and gills in adults compared to larvae. These findings indicate that adult lampreys tolerate cholestasis by altering hepatic bile salt composition, while maintaining normal plasma bile salt levels predominantly through renal excretion of bile products. Therefore, we conclude that strategies to accelerate renal excretion of bile salt and other toxins should be beneficial for patients with cholestasis. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;57:2418–2426)
Adolescent Female Gender Identity and Attraction to Male Bullies and Victims

ABSTRACT This study assessed whether adolescent females' gender role identity was related to self-reported attraction and likelihood of dating an adolescent male bully and victim of bullying. Thirty-six female adolescents from ninth and tenth grade (mean age = 15 years; 69.2% White; 30.8% non-White) from a predominantly White, city high school in the Mid-Atlantic United States, completed the Original Form of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (1981) and examined three photographs and listened to a verbal account portraying two adolescent males in an episode of physical and verbal bullying. Multiple regression analysis revealed that masculine gender identity status among adolescent females was a significant negative predictor of attraction to a male adolescent bully.
GENÇ YETİŞKİNLİKTE SOSYAL AĞ HİYERARŞİSİ: SOSYAL ATOM TEORİSİ BAĞLAMINDA MALATYA, TÜRKİYE, ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÖRNEKLEMİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Kulturel ve psikolojik faktorlerin genc yetiskinlikte baglanma hiyerarsisi uzerine etkilerini ortaya koymayi amaclayan bu calisma, Malatya evreninde 20-24 yaslar arasindaki 296 ogrenci ornekleminde gerceklestirilmistir. “Ben” cekirdegine en yakin dairede yer alanlar sirasiyla %76,4 oranla anne, %43,6 oranla baba, %36,5 oranla kardes, %20,9 oranla arkadastir. Sevgilisi olanlar icinde %31,9’u sevgiliyi ilk halkaya yerlestirmistir. Genc kizlarin kacinma duzeyleri erkeklere oranla istatistiksel olarak anlamli derecede daha yuksektir (χ 2 =21,083 p=0,000). Cocuklukta ailenin parcalanmis aile olmasi kaygi duzeyini istatistiksel acidan anlamli duzeyde arttirmaktadir (χ 2 =10,078 p=0,002). Kacinma duzeyi yuksek olanlarda, sevgilinin bulundugu cember degeri ve sosyal atomdaki arkadas sayisi anlamli olcude daha dusuktur. Kacinma duzeyinin yuksekligi, birinci cemberdeki kisi sayisinin azalmasi ile sonuclanmakta, ilk cembere arkadasin alinmasini ve sevgili edinmeyi onemli derecede azaltmaktadir. Sosyal Atom Hacmi ve baglanmada kacinma sevgilisi olmayi etkileyen degiskenlerdir. Anahtar Sozcukler: Baglanma boyutlari, Sosyal atom, Genc yetiskin, Yakin iliskiler, Baglanma hiyerarsisi THE SOCIAL NETWORK HIERARCHY IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD: A RESEARCH TROUGH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS SAMPLES IN MALATYA, TURKEY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL ATOM THEORY Abstract This study, carried out in Malatya province among 296 student samples aged between 20-24, aims to reveal the effects of psychological and cultural factors on attachment hierarchy in young adulthood. The persons placed closest to the “Me” nucleus are the mother (76.4%), father (43.6%), sibling (36.5%) and friend (20.9%) respectively. Among those with a romantic partner, 31.9% place the romantic partner in the first circle. The avoidance levels of young females are statistically significantly higher than young males (χ 2 =21.083 p=0.000). A separated family during childhood statistically significantly increase the attachment anxiety level (χ 2 =10.078 p=0.002). The circle value the romantic partner is placed in and the numbers of friends in the social atom are significantly smaller in subjects with a high avoidance level. Increased attachment avoidance levels result in decreased number of persons in the first circle, thus, reducing significantly both placing friends in the first circle and having a romantic partner. The Social Atom Volume and avoidance of attachment, as our study demonstrate, are factors that influence having a romantic partner. Key Words: Attachment dimensions, Social atom, Young adult, Close relationships, Attachment hierarchy
Pepper (capsicum annuum L.) regenerants obtained by direct somatic embryogenesis fail to develop a shoot

SummaryThree auxin-type herbicides, namely 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester (centrophenoxine), and quinolinecarboxylic acid (quinclorac) induced direct somatic embryogenesis in seed-derived zygotic embryo explants of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) when added to Murashige and Skoog medium with 200 mM sucrose. Optimum concentrations for embryogenesis induction were 0.40–0.45 mM and 1.15–1.30 μM for 2.4-D and centrophenoxine, respectively (in the presence of 5.0 gl−1 activated charcoal), or 40 μM for quinclorac (in medium without activated charcoal). Somatic embryos emerged from the epidermal and subepidermal tissues and developed on the surface of the explant. Centrophenoxine- or 2.4-D-mediated embryogenesis was accomplished from 95% of the explants in about 3 wk and, on average, six embryos were formed per explant. Induction efficieney was lower for quinelorac. Centrophenoxine-mediated embryognesis was possible in 10 pepper cultivars, the extent of the reponse-being genotype-dependent. embryos detached from the explant and transplanted onto a growth regulator-free medium germinated; however, the recovered regenerants were without a shoot, and some of them bore a single deformed cotyledon while others had no cotyledons. Regenerants lacking a shoot were generated irrespective of the auxin type applied and across all responsive genotypes investigated. Absence of a shoot, resulting from a failure in the establishment of a normal functioning apical shoot meristem, was the principal developmental disorder that precluded regeneration of normal plants via direct somatic embryogenesis. Since stem cells of the shoot meristem become established in globular and heart-stage embryos, we deduce that the absence of a shoot in germinating embryos could orginate from deviant differentiation at these early stages of embryogeny.
Relationship Between Quantum and Poisson Structures of Odd Dimensional Euclidean Spaces

It is shown that the prime and primitive spectra of the multiparameter quantized algebra of odd-dimensional euclidean spaces are homeomorphic to the Poisson prime and Poisson primitive spectra of the multiparameter Poisson algebra of odd-dimensional euclidean spaces in the case when the multiplicative subgroup of a base field generated by the parameters is torsion free. As a corollary, it is shown that the prime and primitive spectra of the multiparameter quantized algebra of odd-dimensional euclidean spaces are topological quotients of the prime and maximal spectra of the corresponding commutative polynomial ring.
Geographical differentiation of the Euchiloglanis fish complex (Teleostei: Siluriformes) in the Hengduan Mountain Region, China: Phylogeographic evidence of altered drainage patterns

Abstract The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau caused significant ecogeographical changes that had a major impact on the exchange and isolation of regional fauna and flora. Furthermore, Pleistocene glacial oscillations were linked to temporal large‐scale landmass and drainage system reconfigurations near the Hengduan Mountain Region and might have facilitated speciation and promoted biodiversity in southwestern China. However, strong biotic evidence supporting this role is lacking. Here, we use the Euchiloglanis fish species complex as a model to demonstrate the compound effects of the Tibetan Plateau uplift and Pleistocene glacial oscillations on species formation in this region. The genetic structure and geographical differentiation of the Euchiloglanis complex in four river systems within the Hengduan Mountain Region were deduced using the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene and 10 microsatellite loci from 360 to 192 individuals, respectively. The results indicated that the populations were divided into four independently evolving lineages, in which the populations from the Qingyi River and Jinsha River formed two sub‐lineages. Phylogenetic relationships were structured by geographical isolation, especially near drainage systems. Divergence time estimation analyses showed that the Euchiloglanis complex diverged from its sister clade Pareuchiloglanis sinensis at around 1.3 Million years ago (Ma). Within the Euchiloglanis complex, the divergence time between the Dadu–Yalong and Jinsha–Qingyi River populations occurred at 1.0 Ma. This divergence time was in concordance with recent geological events, including the Kun‐Huang Movement (1.2–0.6 Ma) and the lag time (<2.0 Ma) of river incision in the Hengduan Mountain Region. Population expansion signals were detected from mismatched distribution analyses, and the expansion times were concurrent with Pleistocene glacier fluctuations. Therefore, current phylogeographic patterns of the Euchiloglanis fish complex in the Hengduan Mountain Region were influenced by the uplift event of the Tibetan Plateau and were subsequently altered by paleo‐river transitions during the late Pleistocene glacial oscillations.
Normalized Accessor Variety Combined with Conditional Random Fields in Chinese Word Segmentation

The word is the basic unit in natural language processing (NLP), as it is at the lexical level upon which further processing rests. The lack of word delimiters such as spaces in Chinese texts makes Chinese word segmentation (CWS) an interesting while challenging issue. This paper describes the in-depth research following our participation in the fourth International Chinese Language Processing Bakeoff 1 . Originally, we incorporate unsupervised segmentation into Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) in the purpose of dealing with unknown words. Normalization is delicately involved in order to cater to problem of small data size. Experiments on CWS corpora from Bakeoff-4 present comparable results with state-of-the-art performance.
Chronic renal outcome after living donor liver transplantation

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the common complications after deceased donor liver transplantation. Although the worldwide pressing shortage in deceased donors has directed attention to living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), LDLT cohort data focusing on chronic renal dysfunction is limited. A total of 280 adult LDLT recipients (median 49 yr, 156 men) at the University of Tokyo hospital between 1996 and 2006 were reviewed. A total of 224 pre‐transplant liver failure patients (80.0%) showed an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. However, during follow‐up at a mean of 1222 d after transplantation, eGFR declined to 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 150 (53.2%) and 21 (7.5%), respectively, and four patients (1.4%) required maintenance renal replacement therapy. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model regression analysis revealed that recipient age (HR, 3.42 per 10‐yr increment; p < 0.001) and pre‐transplant eGFR (HR, 0.85 per 10‐mL/min/1.73 m2 increment; p = 0.04) were associated independently with a post‐transplant decrease in eGFR to less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. We conclude that higher age and lower pre‐transplant eGFR of an LDLT recipient indicate a high likelihood of subsequent development of advanced CKD. Preventive or therapeutic intervention should be optimized for these high‐risk patients.
MHUI-max: An efficient algorithm for discovering high-utility itemsets from data streams

Online mining of utility itemsets from data streams is one of the most interesting research issues in stream data mining. Although a number of relevant approaches have been proposed in recent years, they have the drawback of producing a large number of candidate itemsets for high-utility itemset mining. In this paper, an efficient algorithm, called MHUI-max (Mining High-Utility Itemsets based on LexTree-maxHTU), is proposed for mining high-utility itemsets from data streams with fewer candidates. Based on the framework of the MHUI-max algorithm, an effective representation of item information, called TID-list, and a new lexicographical tree-based data structure, called LexTree-maxHTU, has been developed to improve the efficiency of discovering high-utility itemsets with positive profits from data streams. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm, MHUI-max, outperforms the existing approaches, MHUI-TID and THUI-Mine, for mining high-utility itemsets from data streams over transaction-sensitive sliding windows.