Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrating Case Frame into Japanese to Chinese Hierarchical Phrase-based Translation Model

This paper presents a novel approach to enhance hierarchical phrase-based (HPB) machine translation systems with case frame (CF). we integrate the Japanese shallow CF into both rule extraction and decoding. All of these rules are then employed to decode new sentences in Japanese with source language case frame. The results of experiments carried out on Japanese-Chinese test sets. It shows that our approach maintains the advantages of HPB translation systems while at the same time naturally incorporates CF constraints. The case frame rules can complement Hiero-style rules. Our approach is especially effective for language pairs with large word order differences, such as Japanese-to-Chinese.
Tuning anonymity level for assuring high data quality: an empirical study.

Preserving data privacy is posing new challenges to software engineering researchers. Current technologies can be too cumbersome, pervasive or costly to be successfully applied in dynamic and complex scenarios where data exchange occurs among a large number of applications. Anonymization techniques seem to be a promising candidate, even if preliminary investigations suggest that they could deteriorate the quality of data. An empirical study has been carried out in order to understand the relationship between the anonymization level and the degradation of data quality.
Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing

FRED C. TENOVER,* ROBERT D. ARBEIT, RICHARD V. GOERING, PATRICIA A. MICKELSEN, BARBARA E. MURRAY, DAVID H. PERSING, AND BALA SWAMINATHAN National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02130; Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178; Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305; University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030; and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight, source, and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter

A new approach for parameterizing dissolved organic matter (DOM) ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectra is presented. Two distinct spectral slope regions (275‐295 nm and 350‐400 nm) within log‐transformed absorption spectra were used to compare DOM from contrasting water types, ranging from wetlands (Great Dismal Swamp and Suwannee River) to photobleached oceanic water (Atlantic Ocean). On the basis of DOM size‐fractionation studies (ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography), the slope of the 275‐295‐nm region and the ratio of these slopes (SR; 275‐295‐nm slope : 350‐400‐nm slope) were related to DOM molecular weight (MW) and to photochemically induced shifts in MW. Dark aerobic microbial alteration of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) resulted in spectral slope changes opposite of those caused by photochemistry. Along an axial transect in the Delaware Estuary, large variations in SR were measured, probably due to mixing, photodegradation, and microbial alteration of CDOM as terrestrially derived DOM transited through the estuary. Further, SR varied by over a factor of 13 between DOM‐rich wetland waters and Sargasso Sea surface waters. Currently, there is no consensus on a wavelength range for log‐transformed absorption spectra. We propose that the 275‐295‐nm slope be routinely reported in future DOM studies, as it can be measured with high precision, it facilitates comparison among dissimilar water types including CDOM‐rich wetland and CDOM‐poor marine waters, and it appears to be a good proxy for DOM MW.
A Random Order Placement Model of Price Formation in the Continuous Double Auction

Most modern financial markets use a continuous double auction mechanism to store and match orders and facilitate trading. In this chapter we use a microscopic dynamical statistical model for the continuous double auction under the assumption of IID random order flow. The analysis is based on simulation, dimensional analysis, and theoretical tools based on mean-field approximations. The model makes testable predictions for all the basic properties of markets, including price volatility, the depth of stored supply and demand, the bid-ask spread, the price impact function, and the time and probability of filling orders. These predictions are based on properties of order flow such as share volume of market and limit orders, cancellations, typical order size, and tick size. Because these quantities can all be measured directly in real data sets there are no free parameters. We show that the order size, which can be cast as a nondimensional granularity parameter, is in most cases a more significant determinant of market behavior than tick size. We also provide an explanation for the observed highly concave nature of the price im
Pattern and Policy Driven Log Analysis for Software Monitoring

The component-based nature of large industrial software systems that consist of a number of diverse collaborating applications, pose significant challenges with respect to system maintenance, monitoring, auditing, and diagnosing. In this context, a monitoring and diagnostic system interprets log data to recognize patterns of significant events that conform to specific threat models. Threat models have been used by the software industry for analyzing and documenting a systempsilas risks in order to understand a systempsilas threat profile. In this paper, we propose a framework whereby patterns of significant events are represented as expressions of a specialized monitoring language that are used to annotate specific threat models. An approximate matching technique that is based on the Viterbi algorithm is then used to identify whether system generated events, fit the given patterns. The technique has been applied and evaluated considering threat models and monitoring policies in logs that have been obtained from multi-user MS-Windows based systems.
Prevention Science and Child/Youth Development: Randomized Explanatory Trials for Integrating Theory, Method, and Analysis in Program Evaluation

We describe randomized explanatory trials (RETs), a framework for evaluating interventions to prevent adolescent problem behaviors. The approach maps intervention components onto hypothesized mediators of program effects and then uses structural equation modeling to evaluate whether the program changed those mediators and if assumptions of mediator relevance are viable. We review and explain key concepts related to theoretical issues of choosing and conceptualizing mediators, mapping structural relations among mediators, considering cascading effects, and incorporating theories of treatment duration and decay. We also explore methodological issues, including the choice of time intervals between assessments, the use of instrumental variables, methods for dealing with measurement error, and sample-size planning. In addition, we discuss analytic issues including use of structural equation modeling rather than ANOVA, ANCOVA and logistic/OLS regression; how to handle large numbers of mediators; incorporating covariates; use of per-protocol vs. intent-to-treat analyses; quantifying and testing mediation; and use of causal inference approaches to mediation. Because RETs can identify program components that are successful in bringing about change and why—providing more useful evaluations than outcome-only designs—we argue that RETs rather than randomized controlled trials should be the gold standard for program evaluation.
Assessment of Tremor Activity in the Parkinson’s Disease Using a Set of Wearable Sensors

Tremor is the most common motor disorder of Parkinson's disease (PD) and consequently its detection plays a crucial role in the management and treatment of PD patients. The current diagnosis procedure is based on subject-dependent clinical assessment, which has a difficulty in capturing subtle tremor features. In this paper, an automated method for both resting and action/postural tremor assessment is proposed using a set of accelerometers mounted on different patient's body segments. The estimation of tremor type (resting/action postural) and severity is based on features extracted from the acquired signals and hidden Markov models. The method is evaluated using data collected from 23 subjects (18 PD patients and 5 control subjects). The obtained results verified that the proposed method successfully: 1) quantifies tremor severity with 87 % accuracy, 2) discriminates resting from postural tremor, and 3) discriminates tremor from other Parkinsonian motor symptoms during daily activities.
Nber Working Paper Series the Determinants of Trust the Determinants of Trust

We thank Andrei Shleifer for useful conversations and Luca Opromolla for excellent research assistance. Alesina gratefully acknowledges financial support from the NSF through the NEER. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the National Bureau of Economic Research. 2000 by Alberto Alesina and Eliana La Ferrara. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including notice, is given to the source. ABSTRACT Both individual experiences and community characteristics influence how much people trust each other. Using data drawn from US localities we find that the strongest factors that reduce trust are: i) a recent history of traumatic experiences, even though the passage of time reduces this effect fairly rapidly; ii) belonging to a group that historically felt discriminated against, such as minorities (black in particular) and, to a lesser extent, women; iii) being economically unsuccessful in terms of income and education; iv) living in a racially mixed community and/or in one with a high degree of income disparity. Religious beliefs and ethnic origins do not significantly affect trust. The latter result may be an indication that the American melting pot at least up to a point works, in terms of homogenizing attitudes of different cultures, even though racial cleavages leading to low trust are still quite high.
Title Cooperative communications system with spatially randomrelays

Cooperative communications is a multiuser framework for wireless network environments. The collaboration among the users can exploit the inherent spatial diversity gains to thereby enhance the system performance significantly. Due to the mobility of users, especially in cellular systems, the exact locations of them are usually unknown a priori and hard/costly to discover. Therefore it is reasonable to model their locations as Bernoulli process. In this work, the uplink of a microcell in a decodeand-forward cooperative cellular system is investigated. The outage probability is derived based on a practical channel model including not only path loss but also shadowing and multipath fading effects. It is shown that considerable performance gains can be obtained.
The MPI VideoLab - A system for high quality synchronous recording of video and audio from multiple viewpoints

The MPI VideoLab is a custom built, ﬂexible digital video-and audio recording studio that enables high quality, time synchronized recordings of human actions from multiple viewpoints. This technical report describes the requirements to the system in the context of our applications, its hardware-and software equipment and the special features of the recording setup. Important aspects of the hardware and software implementation are discussed in detail.
DEVS-Based Dynamic Model Reconfiguration and Simulation Control in the Enhanced DoDAF Design Process

The combination of DoDAF operational views, which capture the requirements of an architecture, and System views, which provide its technical attributes, forms the basis for semi-automated construction of simulation models. In this paper, we describe an enhanced Model-View-Controller paradigm that works in tandem with the DEVS M&S framework. We also employ the recently introduced DoDAF extensions that incorporate new operational views to allow DoDAF specifications to be written in the Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) formalism and, in the process, refine these new extensions. This paper describes a DEVS-based network modeling and simulation environment with dynamic reconfiguration and simulation control. The DEVS modeling and simulation framework with its separation of model, experimental frame, and simulator facilitates the development of a simulation framework supporting run-time simulation tuning. We present a layered simulation architecture that provides the capability to control and reconfigure simulation on-the-fly and steer it toward the desired performance parameters. The rapid feedback cycle supported by “real-time” intervention allows experimentation with parameters and structures and results in effective model configuration that is difficult to achieve when turnaround requires hours or days. We explore the area of system reconfiguration further by providing enhanced capabilities to control the parameters for system design and performance evaluation with respect to Net-Ready Key Performance Parameters (NR-KPP) and the way in which the refined DoDAF extensions can expedite the development of Key Interface Profile (KIP) for any DoDAF architecture. We demonstrate the enhanced capabilities with an example of the development of a simulation environment for the Systems Capable of Planned Expansion (SCOPE) command.
Assessing the Effectiveness and Interactions of Instructional Coaches: Initial Psychometric Evidence for the Instructional Coaching Assessments–Teacher Forms

The conceptual foundation and initial psychometric evidence are provided for the Instructional Coaching Rating Scales and Interaction Style Scales–Teacher Forms. These forms are part of a multicomponent online assessment system designed to evaluate the effectiveness of coaching skills and interactions that support the needs of teachers and students. Specifically, the article presents the theory, evidence, and measurement framework for the system. Findings indicate that the Rating Scales and Interaction Style Scales–Teacher Forms have very good internal structures based on multiple fit statistics for confirmatory factor analyses, high internal consistency, good item-to-scale total correlations, and freedom from item bias. Collectively, this promising statistical evidence is supportive of valid score inferences. Study limitations and directions for research are discussed.
Content classification of WAP traffic in Korean cellular networks

Cellular phones are expanding their popularity in data service. However, we do not know much about the data traffic consumed in cellular networks. Traditional traffic classification studies have focused on grouping a set of related packets into the application categories. However, the proposed methods are hard to be applied to Korean cellular data traffic analysis because most data is from a single application: Wireless Application Protocol (WAP). As WAP conveys WML documents, we have to inspect the WML documents included in a traffic flow for more detailed classification. In this paper, we propose a method that finds Korean words carried in WML documents and classifies the documents into appropriate content categories according to the their meaning. We implemented and evaluated simple classification heuristics using packet traces from CDMA 1x EVDO/WCDMA HSDPA networks. From the result, we show that a simple heuristic is effective for classifying WAP flows to their content categories.
A New Modeling Based on Urban Trenches to Improve GNSS Positioning Quality of Service in Cities

Digital maps with 3D data proved to make it possible the determination of Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) satellites in real time, whilst moving, and obtain significant benefit in terms of navigation accuracy. However, such data are difficult to handle with Geographical Information System (GIS) embedded software in real time. The idea developed in this article consists is proposing a method, light in terms of information contents and computation throughput, for taking into account the knowledge of the 3D environment of a vehicle in a city, where multipath phenomena can cause severe errors in positioning solution. This method makes use of a digital map where homogeneous sections of streets have been identified, and classified among different types of urban trenches. This classification is so called: "Urban Trench Model". Not only NLOS satellites can be detected, but also, if needed, the corresponding measurements can be corrected and further used in the positioning solver. The paper presents in details the method and its results on several real test sites, with a demonstration of the gain obtained on the final position accuracy. The benefit of the Urban Trench Model, i.e. the reduction of positioning errors as compared to conventional solver considering all satellites, gets up to an amount between 30% and as much as 70% e.g. in Paris.
Application of Geodetic Projections to Terrestrial Laser Scanning in Leaf Area Index calculation

Carbon products, growth trend, volume, stress and annual products of vegetation, especially perennial vegetation canopy is very important for forestry, ecology and economics. Leaf Area Index (LAI) is an important parameter to observe and determine these parameters. It can be defined as the upward looking green leaf area to ground area ratio. There are direct and indirect methods to determine this parameters. Direct methods are considered old and destructive for the vegetation canopy, they are also time and resource consuming methods which are considered ineffective. With developing technology in Remote sensing and Photogrammetry it can be foreseen that it is possible to determine this parameter faster and for wider areas more accurately. When compared with conventional optic methods Terrestrial Laser Scanning Technique becomes prominent in determination of Leaf Area Index, with its high accuracy-high density point data. The procedure conducted in this work aims to bring an alternative approach to use Laser Scanning data and Mathematical models of Geodetic Projection in the estimation of Leaf Area Index.
A flexible architecture for customizing web streams for wireless clients

We present the design of the Web Stream Customizer Architecture, the basis for a middleware system that supports customization of Web content and streams. Our notion of customization is quite general, including functions such as mtering, remote buffering, remote caching, flow regulation (e.g., for video playback), compression, and encryption, all of which are especially valuable for wireless resource· limited clients, which are a primary target of support. The system is highly deployable, as it works entirely within the Web's common programming and communication frameworks, such as using HTTP and relying solely on standard proxy mechanisms, and therefore does not require any changes to existing Web servers and browsers.
Dual Circularly Polarized Concentric Array Radial Line Slot Antenna fed by Rotating modes from Front and Back Sides for Satellite Application

Radial line slot antennas (RLSAs) are well known as high-efficiency planar antennas in high-gain region for the circular polarization [1]. Figure 1 shows the structure of a general RLSA. A radial waveguide is composed of two parallel circular metal plates. An electromagnetic power is fed from the center and excites a slot array on the top plate. To obtain a pencil beam, the radiating elements are arranged spirally for in-phase excitation. Originally, RLSAs are designed for DBS reception around the frequency range of 12 GHz band. Recently, a lightweight and low profile RLSA is practically used on a Venus climate orbiter AKATSUKI [2] using a honeycomb structure in the radial waveguide as shown in Fig. 2 [3]. AKATSUKI was launched in May 2010 from Japan.
Labeled Alignment for Recognizing Textual Entailment

Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE) is to predict whether one text fragment can semantically infer another, which is required across multiple applications of natural language processing. The conventional alignment scheme, which is developed for machine translation, only marks the paraphrases and hyponyms to justify the entailment pairs, while provides less support for the non-entailment ones. This paper proposes a novel alignment scheme, named labeled alignment, to address this problem, which introduces negative links to explicitly mark the contradictory expressions to justify the non-entailment pairs. Thus the alignment-based RTE method employing the proposed scheme, compared with those employing the conventional one, can gain accuracy improvement through actively detecting the signals of non-entailment. The experimental results on the data sets of two shared RTE tasks indicate the implemented system significantly outperforms both the baseline system and all the other submitted systems.
Efficient algorithms for local and global accessibility shading

This paper discusses the use of two different approaches for computing the “accessibility” of a surface. These metrics characterize how easily a surface may be touched by a spherical probe. The paper also presents various acceleration techniques for accessibility. The idea of surface accessibility is extended to include “global accessibility” which measures the ability of a spherical probe to enter a structure from outside as well as to fit locally on the surface. The visual effect of shading using accessibility is shown to resemble the patina on certain tarnished surfaces which have then been cleaned.
Orlando’s Pulse: Diversity and Inclusion in Higher Education After a Tragedy

by Jennifer C. Sands University of the Pacific 2018 The Pulse Nightclub Tragedy in Orlando shocked the nation, after a gunman who identified as being Muslim walked in to a gay nightclub and gunned down 49 people and injured 53 more. In addition to the LGBTQ+ community being targeted, the Latinx community had been targeted as well, considering it was Latin night. With many of those affected being of traditional college age, local colleges and universities took action to offer support. Focusing on the Pulse shooting, I explored the ways in which higher education institutions offered support after this tragedy occurred, while reviewing other tragedies and the responses by local colleges and universities. By using a document study of newspapers, institutional publications, and literature, I looked for information on how students were supported and noted best practices by the institutions which offered the most support to minority student groups. Additionally, I examined the themes and patterns regarding inclusion and what tactics were helpful for higher education institutions that could be implemented after a tragedy.
Guide RNA engineering for versatile Cas9 functionality

The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats system allows a single guide RNA (sgRNA) to direct a protein with combined helicase and nuclease activity to the DNA. Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), a CRISPR-associated protein, has revolutionized our ability to probe and edit the human genome in vitro and in vivo. Arguably, the true modularity of the Cas9 platform is conferred through the ease of sgRNA programmability as well as the degree of modifications the sgRNA can tolerate without compromising its association with SpCas9 and function. In this review, we focus on the properties and recent engineering advances of the sgRNA component in Cas9-mediated genome targeting.