Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of sleep debt and monotonous work on sleepiness and performance during a 12‐h dayshift

The study examined the effects of the amount of preceding sleep and work pace on sleepiness and cognitive performance during a 12‐h dayshift. Twelve process operators (aged 28–56 years) completed a study with four single 12‐h dayshifts and preceding night sleep in the laboratory. A simulated distillation process served as a work task. The 12‐h shifts differed from each other in terms of the amount of preceding night sleep (23:00–06:30 hours or 2:30–6:30 hours) and work pace (slow or fast). All shifts contained four work simulation sessions of 1.5 h, and each of them included a 15‐min alarm session. Cognitive performance was also measured with a 10‐choice reaction time test and a mental subtraction test. Objective sleepiness was measured with a continuous electroencephalography/electro‐oculography (EEG/EOG) recording during the work periods and with a sleep latency test. Subjective sleepiness at work was measured with the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Sleep debt increased the proportion of EEG/EOG‐defined and subjective sleepiness at work, but did not impair work or test performance. The fatiguing effect of monotonous work as indicated by EEG/EOG‐defined sleepiness was comparable with the effect of sleep debt. The alarm epochs in the middle of monotonous work temporarily decreased EEG/EOG‐defined sleepiness. Sleep debt or monotonous work did not have a significant effect on the results of the sleep latency test. None of the sleepiness or performance measures indicated the impairment of a subject's functional capacity at the end of the 12‐h shift. Our results suggest that monotonous work is at least as harmful as moderate sleep debt for alertness at work. The results support the view that the last hours of a single 12‐h dayshift with frequent pauses are not associated with an increase in sleepiness or performance errors.
Deaths: final data for 2001.

OBJECTIVES This report presents final 2001 data on U.S. deaths and death rates according to demographic and medical characteristics such as age, sex, Hispanic origin, race, marital status, educational attainment, injury at work, State of residence, and cause of death. Trends and patterns in general mortality, life expectancy, and infant and maternal mortality are also described. A previous report presented preliminary mortality data for 2001. METHODS In 2001 a total of 2,416,425 deaths were reported in the United States. This report presents descriptive tabulations of information reported on the death certificates. Funeral directors, attending physicians, medical examiners, and coroners complete death certificates. Original records are filed in the State registration offices. Statistical information is compiled into a national database through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Causes of death are processed in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision (ICD-10). RESULTS The age-adjusted death rate for the United States in 2001 was 854.5 deaths per 100,000 standard population, representing a decrease of 1.7 percent from the 2000 rate and a record low historical figure. Life expectancy at birth rose by 0.2 years to a record high of 77.2 years. Considering all deaths, age-specific death rates rose only for those 25-44 years, and declined for a number of age groups including those under 1 year, 5-14 years, 55-64 years, 65-74 years, 75-84 years, and 85 years and over. The 15 leading causes of death in 2001 remained the same as in 2000. Heart disease and cancer continued to be the leading and second leading causes of death, together accounting for over half of all deaths. Homicide became the 13th leading cause in 2001, rising from the 14th leading cause in 2000 as a result of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. The infant mortality rate remained at a record low level, declining slightly but insignificantly from 6.9 in 2000 to 6.8 in 2001. CONCLUSIONS Generally, mortality patterns in 2001 were consistent with long-term trends. Life expectancy in 2001 increased again to a new record level. The age-adjusted death rate declined to a record low historical figure. Although statistically unchanged from 2000, the trend in infant mortality has shown a steady, although slowing, decline. The declining trend in the homicide death rate was reversed primarily as a result of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.
Regulation of Ceramide Synthase by Casein Kinase 2-dependent Phosphorylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae*

Background: Ceramides play crucial roles in cell signaling and survival, yet regulation of their biosynthesis remains poorly understood. Results: Phosphorylation of the catalytic subunits of ceramide synthase (CerS) by CK2 is essential for CerS activity and cell viability. Conclusion: CK2 is an important regulator of ceramide biosynthesis. Significance: Ceramides may provide a link between elevated CK2 activity and cancer. Complex sphingolipids are important components of eukaryotic cell membranes and, together with their biosynthetic precursors, including sphingoid long chain bases and ceramides, have important signaling functions crucial for cell growth and survival. Ceramides are produced at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by a multicomponent enzyme complex termed ceramide synthase (CerS). In budding yeast, this complex is composed of two catalytic subunits, Lac1 and Lag1, as well as an essential regulatory subunit, Lip1. Proper formation of ceramides by CerS has been shown previously to require the Cka2 subunit of casein kinase 2 (CK2), a ubiquitous enzyme with multiple cellular functions, but the precise mechanism involved has remained unidentified. Here we present evidence that Lac1 and Lag1 are direct targets for CK2 and that phosphorylation at conserved positions within the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of each protein is required for optimal CerS activity. Our data suggest that phosphorylation of Lac1 and Lag1 is important for proper localization and distribution of CerS within the ER membrane and that phosphorylation of these sites is functionally linked to the COP I-dependent C-terminal dilysine ER retrieval pathway. Together, our data identify CK2 as an important regulator of sphingolipid metabolism, and additionally, because both ceramides and CK2 have been implicated in the regulation of cancer, our findings may lead to an enhanced understanding of their relationship in health and disease.
Observational Research on NCDs in HIV-Positive Populations: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations

Abstract:Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for a growing burden of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy interact with NCD risk factors in complex ways, and research into this “web of causation” has so far been largely based on data from high-income countries. However, improving the understanding, treatment, and prevention of NCDs in LMICs requires region-specific evidence. Priority research areas include: (1) defining the burden of NCDs among people living with HIV, (2) understanding the impact of modifiable risk factors, (3) evaluating effective and efficient care strategies at individual and health systems levels, and (4) evaluating cost-effective prevention strategies. Meeting these needs will require observational data, both to inform the design of randomized trials and to replace trials that would be unethical or infeasible. Focusing on Sub-Saharan Africa, we discuss data resources currently available to inform this effort and consider key limitations and methodological challenges. Existing data resources often lack population-based samples; HIV-negative, HIV-positive, and antiretroviral therapy–naive comparison groups; and measurements of key NCD risk factors and outcomes. Other challenges include loss to follow-up, competing risk of death, incomplete outcome ascertainment and measurement of factors affecting clinical decision making, and the need to control for (time-dependent) confounding. We review these challenges and discuss strategies for overcoming them through augmented data collection and appropriate analysis. We conclude with recommendations to improve the quality of data and analyses available to inform the response to HIV and NCD comorbidity in LMICs.
On the “familiar stranger” phenomenon in a large-scale VoD system

Video-on-Demand (VoD) services are having more and more impact on people's daily life. The huge number of view records generated during the services reveal lots of information about video popularity and user behavior. In this work, we seek to understand user behavior from a network approach. Users who overlapped view records are defined as “familiar strangers” of each other. With network science concepts, dynamic familiar stranger networks are established based on view records from one of China's largest VoD service providers. Analysis shows that users can be separated into light users and heavy users. Community detection results show that there is a threshold of familiarity that drastically deteriorates the community structure of the familiar stranger network. Further investigation on the evolution of the communities suggests that there exists considerate number of dynamic communities with low members turnover. Our findings about the interest-based familiar stranger network unveils interesting networked user behavior patterns and provides meaningful guidelines for Internet applications like online user communities and recommendation systems.
Grafting of Nigral Tissue Hibernated with Tirilazad Mesylate and Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

Transplantation of embryonic ventral mesencephalon is a potential therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease. As only around 5–10% of embryonic dopaminergic neurons survive grafting into the adult striatum, it is considered necessary to use multiple donor embryos. To increase the survival of the grafted dopaminergic neurons, the clinical transplantation program in Lund currently employs the lipid peroxidation inhibitor, tirilazad mesylate, in all solutions used during tissue storage, preparation, and transplantation. However, the difficulty in obtaining a sufficient number of donor embryos still remains an important limiting factor for the clinical application of neural transplantation. In many clinical transplantation programs, it would be a great advantage if human nigral donor tissue could be stored for at least 1 week. This study was performed in order to investigate whether storage of embryonic tissue at 4°C for 8 days can be applied clinically without creating a need to increase the number of donors. We compared the survival of freshly grafted rat nigral tissue, prepared according to the clinical protocol, with tissue transplanted after hibernation. Thus, in all groups tirilazad mesylate was omnipresent. One group of rats was implanted with fresh tissue and three groups with hibernated tissue with or without addition of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the hibernation medium and/or the final cell suspension. Earlier studies have suggested that GDNF improves the survival of hibernated nigral transplants. We found no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding graft survival after 3 weeks. However, there was a nonsignificant trend for fewer surviving dopaminergic neurons in grafts from hibernated tissue compared to fresh controls. Furthermore, we show that the addition of GDNF to the hibernation medium and/or to the final cell suspension does not significantly increase the survival of the dopaminergic neurons.
Exploring the Social Learning of Taxi Drivers in Latent Vehicle-to-Vehicle Networks

With recent advances in mobile and sensor technologies, a large amount of efforts have been made on developing intelligent applications for taxi drivers, which provide beneficial guidance for improving the profit and work efficiency. However, limited scopes focus on the latent social interactions within cab drivers, and corresponding social learning mechanism to share driving behavior patterns has been largely ignored. To that end, in this paper, we propose a comprehensive study to discover how social learning affects taxi drivers’ driving behaviors. To be specific, by leveraging the classic social influence theory, we develop a two-stage framework for quantitatively measuring the latent propagation of driving patterns within taxi drivers. Validations on a real-word data set collected from New York City clearly verify the effectiveness of our proposed framework with better explanation of future taxi driving pattern evolution, which prove the hypothesis that social factors indeed improve the predictability of taxi driving behaviors, and further reveal some interesting rules on social learning mechanism.
Urinary miRNAs as Biomarkers for Noninvasive Evaluation of Radiation-Induced Renal Tubular Injury

Radiation nephropathy is one of the common late effects in cancer survivors who received radiotherapy as well as in victims of radiation accidents. The clinical manifestations of radiation nephropathy occur months after exposure. To date, there are no known early biomarkers to predict the future development of radiation nephropathy. This study focuses on the development of urinary biomarkers providing readout of acute responses in renal tubular epithelial cells. An amplification-free hybridization-based nCounter assay was used to detect changes in mouse urinary miRNAs after irradiation. After a single LD50 of total-body irradiation (TBI) or clinically relevant fractionated doses (2 Gy twice daily for 3 days), changes in urinary levels of microRNAs followed either an early pattern, peaking at 6–8 h postirradiation and gradually declining, or later pattern, peaking from 24 h to 7 days. Of 600 miRNAs compared, 12 urinary miRNAs showed the acute response and seven showed the late response, common to both irradiation protocols. miR-1224 and miR-21 were of particular interest, since they were the most robust acute and late responders, respectively. The early responding miR-1224 also exhibited good dose response after 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy TBI, indicating its potential use as a biomarker for radiation exposure. In situ hybridization of irradiated mouse kidney sections and cultured mouse primary renal tubular cells confirmed the tubular origin of miR-1224. A significant upregulation in hsa-miR-1224-3p expression was also observed in human proximal renal tubular cells after irradiation. Consistent with mouse urine data, a similar expression pattern of hsa-miR-1224-3p and hsa-miR-21 were observed in urine samples collected from human leukemia patients preconditioned with TBI. This proof-of-concept study shows the potential translational utility of urinary miRNA biomarkers for radiation damage in renal tubules with possible prediction of late effects.
Oncogenes in human primary hepatic cancer

Transfection assay of NIH 3T3 cells was performed with DNAs isolated from ten human PHC (primary hepatic cancer) specimens and a hepatoma 7402 cell line. Positive results were obtained in 7402 and in six out of ten PHC DNAs. Human N‐ras gene was identified in transfectants from 7402 DNA and transformed cells from three PHC DNA samples, which had passed more than two cycles of transfection. The expression of N‐ras was also remarkably enhanced in six out of nine poly(A)+RNA samples isolated from PHC tissues. P21 synthesis was elevated in 7402 cells as well as in transfectants derived from 7402 cells and PHC DNA. In analysis of PHC DNA, rearrangement and amplification of N‐ras gene was observed in two PHC samples. The discrepancy of results of the transfection assay and mRNA expression was discussed. Furthermore, c‐myc was also highly expressed in most PHC tissues. It implied that the cooperating activity of N‐ras and c‐myc might be responsible for the malignant phenotypic alteration in some or most cases in human primary liver cancer.
A 60GHz transmitter in 0.18\mu m Silicon Germanium

Simulated results for a silicon germanium transmitter operating at 60 GHz are presented. The super-heterodyne transmitter is based on a moving IF architecture with two up-conversion stages. The transmitter includes a baseband to 12 GHz image- reject mixer, a 12 to 60 GHz Gilbert-cell mixer, a passive balun and a power amplifier capable of greater than 13 dBm saturated output power. All bias voltages are tuneable using a 3-wire serial interface connected to 4-bit DAC's. Also on-chip is a frequency synthesizer that supplies the LO to both mixers and locks the on-chip 24 GHz VCO to an external source.
Promoting the Development of Evidence-Based Concussion Education for Power-5 Collegiate Athletes: The Influences of Organizational Elements on Perceived Vestedness

Concussions present a significant health concern for collegiate athletes, team leaders, and university administrators. The consequences of these injuries can affect athletes’ scholastic and athletic performance in the short term, and manifest later in life, long after their athletic career ends. Present educational efforts are ineffective because they neglect important influences on athletes’ decisions to report potential concussion injuries. Here, we present research that examines organization-based influences on vestedness in attitudes related to athletes’ perceived risk of concussion consequences and team commitment. Examining a sample of 435 collegiate athletes from 11 universities, participating in six Division I/Power-5 conference high-concussion-risk sports, our findings support that organizational-based perceptions exert influence on these key concussion–related variables. In synthesizing the results, we offer evidence-based recommendations that organizational members can use to create environments that promote concussion injury reporting and adherence to recovery protocols. This research contributes to the growing body of literature calling for the development of educational concussion injury education modules that recognize contextual influences grounded in communication theory and provide a persuasive impetus.
Design and implementation of the data share and data exchange system based on SOA

In this paper, Data share and data exchange system based on SOA is introduced. According to the writer's own experiment of cyber-city, the paper analysis the function of Data share and data exchange system, design the architecture of this system based on SOA, and discuss the main problem to solved in system implementation.
Online admission of non-preemptive aperiodic mixed-critical tasks in hierarchic schedules

Operational safety is one of the major issues in modern industrial applications. For safety critical systems, the verification and validation efforts can be reduced using temporal isolation enforced by hierarchic schedules. In 2012, Lackorzyiiski et al. demonstrated that reserving bandwidth for event-triggered (ET) activities in hierarchic schedules may lead to significant bandwidth loss. In contrast to the bandwidth reservation techniques, online admission of ET activities can help reduce bandwidth losses. However, the state-of-the-art approaches for online admission of ET activities (i) cannot be utilized in hierarchic systems and (ii) incur significant scheduling overheads. In this paper, we present a flexible scheduler design for online admission of non-preemptive a periodic tasks in a hierarchic time-triggered environment. Our approach circumvents the bandwidth loss issue in hierarchic systems, and can be implemented on top of a variety of hypervisor interfaces. In order to provide offline guarantees, we also provide a necessary test for our approach. Through evaluation, we demonstrate that our approach efficiently utilizes processor bandwidth and only incurs small overheads for a safety critical system. The experimental study also shows that our approach is comparable, in terms of execution overheads, to the state-of-the-art preemptive non-hierarchic approaches.
Practitioner Perspectives of Implementing Check & Connect

While there is a growing reserve of evidence-based practices (EBPs) available to practitioners, much can be learned about how to implement EBPs in real-world settings. Evidence of the effects of a widely disseminated student engagement intervention, Check & Connect (C&C), is emerging yet little is known about the implementation of C&C in community-based settings. The purpose of the authors in this study was to examine practitioner attitudes and perspectives related to the C&C intervention and implementation to gain an understanding of core implementation components that facilitated or impeded implementation. A researcher-developed survey instrument was used to assess practitioner attitudes related to the C&C model and implementation among 14 school-based practitioners working in a dropout prevention program. Findings indicate that practitioners were highly positive about the C&C intervention and in their attitudes about implementing EBPs. Benefits of C&C identified by practitioners included increased relationship building with students, tracking students on a consistent and timely basis, and addressing attendance issues as a main focus of treatment. The most common implementation challenges were time constraints, paperwork, and targeting absentee students. These findings contribute to the emerging literature on C&C and the implementation of EBPs in schools and community-based settings.
Resistance to neutralization by broadly reactive antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 glycoprotein conferred by a gp41 amino acid change

A neutralization-resistant variant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that emerged during in vitro propagation of the virus in the presence of neutralizing serum from an infected individual has been described. A threonine-for-alanine substitution at position 582 in the gp41 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein of the variant virus was responsible for the neutralization-resistant phenotype (M.S. Reitz, Jr., C. Wilson, C. Naugle, R. C. Gallo, and M. Robert-Guroff, Cell 54:57-63, 1988). The mutant virus also exhibited reduced sensitivity to neutralization by 30% of HIV-1-positive sera that neutralized the parental virus, suggesting that a significant fraction of the neutralizing activity within these sera can be affected by the amino acid change in gp41 (C. Wilson, M. S. Reitz, Jr., K. Aldrich, P. J. Klasse, J. Blomberg, R. C. Gallo, and M. Robert-Guroff, J. Virol. 64:3240-3248, 1990). It is shown here that the change of alanine 582 to threonine specifically confers resistance to neutralizing by antibodies directed against both groups of discontinuous, conserved epitopes related to the CD4 binding site on the gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein. Only minor differences in binding of these antibodies to wild-type and mutant envelope glycoproteins were observed. Thus, the antigenic structure of gp120 can be subtly affected by an amino acid change in gp41, with important consequences for sensitivity to neutralization.
IT Governance Processes and IT Alignment: Viewpoints from the Board of Directors

This research empirically examines the role of the board of directors in driving IT alignment. We develop a model that links governance initiators, governance practices, and IT alignment. The strategic importance of IT acts as initiator of governance practices, including direct involvement of the board of directors in the management of IT, CIO communications with the board, strategic consideration of IT investments, and the quantity and usefulness of the IT information provided to the board. Using an extensive survey of 256 members of board of directors, we found that three firm governance practices are influenced by the strategic importance of IT and all four are associated with increased levels of IT alignment, indicating that the board plays a meaningful role in monitoring and facilitating processes involving IT. While a great deal of research has identified the importance of the board of directors in firm operations, this is among the first papers to empirically examine this role.