Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MTJ-based nonvolatile logic-in-memory circuit, future prospects and issues

Nonvolatile logic-in-memory architecture, where nonvolatile memory elements are distributed over a logic-circuit plane, is expected to realize both ultra-low-power and reduced interconnection delay. This paper presents novel nonvolatile logic circuits based on logic-in-memory architecture using magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) in combination with MOS transistors. Since the MTJ with a spin-injection write capability is only one device that has all the following superior features as large resistance ratio, virtually unlimited endurance, fast read/write accessibility, scalability, complementary MOS (CMOS)-process compatibility, and nonvolatility, it is very suited to implement the MOS/MTJ-hybrid logic circuit with logic-in-memory architecture. A concrete nonvolatile logic-in-memory circuit is designed and fabricated using a 0.18 mum CMOS/MTJ process, and its future prospects and issues are discussed.
Querying ATSQL databases with temporal logic

We establish a correspondence between temporal logic and a subset of ATSQL, a temporal extension of SQL-92. In addition, we provide an effective translation from temporal logic to ATSQL that enables a user to write high-level queries which are then evaluated against a space-efficient representation of the database. A reverse translation, also provided in this paper, characterizes the expressive power of a syntactically defined subset of ATSQL queries.
Sensorless velocity control of permanent-magnet synchronous motors

A digital sensorless velocity tracking controller for the permanent-magnet synchronous motor is presented. The control is sensorless in that it requires no mechanical sensors whatsoever, but instead uses a nonlinear observer to estimate rotor position and velocity from stator current measurements. Experimental results provide evidence of the viability and performance of the new control. <<ETX>>
ESAWN-NR: Authentic aggregation and non-repudiation in wireless sensor networks

This demonstration shows ESAWN-NR in action, a protocol for authentic, yet efficient data aggregation in presence of malicious, compromised sensor nodes. ESAWN-NR does not only achieve authenticity of data aggregates, but also allows to prove forged aggregates coming from specific nodes. This allows easy exclusion of such nodes from the network.
Magnetic field amplification in proto-neutron stars. The role of the neutron-finger instability for

Aims. During the first 40 s after their birth, proto-neutron stars are expected to be subject to at least two types of instability. The first one, the convective instability, is excited in the inner regions, where the entropy gradient produces a Rayleigh-type convection. The second one, the neutron-finger instability, is instead excited in the outer layers where the lepton gradients are large. Both instabilities involve convective motions and hence can trigger dynamo actions that may be responsible for the large magnetic fields in neutron stars and magnetars. However, because they have rather different mean turbulent velocities, they are also likely to give rise to different types of dynamo. Methods. We have solved the mean-field induction equation in a simplified one-dimensional model of both the convective and the neutron-finger instability zones. Although very idealized, the model includes the nonlinearities introduced by the feedback processes that tend to saturate the growth of the magnetic field (α-quenching) and suppress its turbulent diffusion (η-quenching). The possibility of a dynamo action is studied within a dynamical model of turbulent diffusivity where the boundary of the unstable zone is allowed to move. A large number of numerical simulations have been performed in which the relevant parameters, such as the spin-period, the strength of the differential rotation, the intensity of the initial magnetic field, and the extent of the neutron finger instability zone, have been suitably varied. Results. We show that the dynamo action can also be operative within a dynamical model of turbulent diffusivity and that the amplification of the magnetic field can still be very effective. Furthermore, we confirm the existence of a critical spin-period, below which the dynamo is always excited independently of the degree of differential rotation, and whose value is related to the size of the neutron-finger instability zone. We provide a relation for the intensity of the final field as a function of the spin of the star and of its differential rotation. Conclusions. Although they were obtained by using a toy model, we expect that our results are able to capture the qualitative and asymptotic behaviour of a mean-field dynamo action developing in the neutron-finger instability zone. Overall, we find that such a dynamo is very efficient in producing magnetic fields well above equipartition, and thus that it could represent a possible explanation for the large surface magnetic fields observed in neutron stars.
Subversion of Cellular Autophagosomal Machinery by RNA Viruses

Infection of human cells with poliovirus induces the proliferation of double-membraned cytoplasmic vesicles whose surfaces are used as the sites of viral RNA replication and whose origin is unknown. Here, we show that several hallmarks of cellular autophagosomes can be identified in poliovirus-induced vesicles, including colocalization of LAMP1 and LC3, the human homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Atg8p, and staining with the fluorophore monodansylcadaverine followed by fixation. Colocalization of LC3 and LAMP1 was observed early in the poliovirus replicative cycle, in cells infected with rhinoviruses 2 and 14, and in cells that express poliovirus proteins 2BC and 3A, known to be sufficient to induce double-membraned vesicles. Stimulation of autophagy increased poliovirus yield, and inhibition of the autophagosomal pathway by 3-methyladenine or by RNA interference against mRNAs that encode two different proteins known to be required for autophagy decreased poliovirus yield. We propose that, for poliovirus and rhinovirus, components of the cellular machinery of autophagosome formation are subverted to promote viral replication. Although autophagy can serve in the innate immune response to microorganisms, our findings are inconsistent with a role for the induced autophagosome-like structures in clearance of poliovirus. Instead, we argue that these double-membraned structures provide membranous supports for viral RNA replication complexes, possibly enabling the nonlytic release of cytoplasmic contents, including progeny virions, from infected cells.
Mutants of Chloroplast Coupling Factor Reduction in Arabidopsis

We have devised a two-step screening strategy for the selection of chloroplast coupling factor reduction mutants from an M2 population of Arabidopsis thaliana. The selection strategy relies on a lowered energetic threshold for catalytic activation of the enzyme that has been shown to accompany thioredoxin-mediated reduction of a cysteine bridge on the [gamma] subunit of coupling factor. We selected first for plants that grew poorly under low irradiance but performed satisfactorily at high irradiance when the transmembrane electrochemical potential of hydrogen ions is large and competent to maintain a high level of coupling factor activation without [gamma] subunit reduction. In the second step of the screen we monitored the flash-induced electrochromic change to select putative coupling factor reduction mutants from other sorts of mutations that shared the phenotype of poor growth and vigor when transferred from high to low irradiance. Among the mutants selected, one appears incapable of reducing coupling factor, whereas another behaves as though coupling factor is at least partially reduced even in dark-adapted plants.
The relationship among total dissolved solid in water and blood macro mineral concentrations and health status of dairy cattle in Qom area.

The Relationship among Total Dissolved Solid in Water and Blood Macro Mineral Concentrations and Health Status of Dairy Cattle in Qom Area A. Alizadeh, M. Mahmoodi, A. Ghazikhani Shad, and S. Jalali 1-5 Abstract Dairy farms in some arid areas around the world have to use drinking water that contained elevated total dissolved solids (TDS); however, very limited data is available concerning water TDS effects on health status and blood mineral levels of cattle. The aim of this study was to compare 3 dairy cattle groups in several dairy farms with different drinking water TDS: High (HTDS; >4000 ppm), Medium (MTDS; 1500-3000 ppm), and Low (LTDS; ? 490 ppm). Metabolic disorders record and some management information of each herd during five years were collected and some Holstein dairy herd in Qom (n = 10) were assigned to 3 groups. Moreover, six same dairy cows were selected from each TDS group and blood and feed samples were collected twice a week. Urine samples were taken from the dry cows and urine pH was measured. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Although water TDS range was between 500 and 4500 ppm, dry cows urine pH was unaltered by water TDS and health problems are not common in this area. Blood calcium concentrations increased linearly as TDS increased (P < 0.05). Similarly, blood potassium concentrations were affected by TDS, whereas blood Mg and Na contents were unaltered by TDS. Negligible elevated some mineral concentrations in blood whereas the water TDSs are dramatically different show necessity of revision of mineral supplementation or providing high quality water to decrease metabolic stress in dairy cattle.
How does the periodicity associated with nucleosomal DNA reflect on its intrinsic curvature?

Understanding signals that determine the positioning of nucleosomes along the genomic DNA is fundamental to comprehending gene regulation. Sequence dependent structural properties of DNA, like curvature and flexibility are important in DNA-protein interaction and have been shown to play an important role in nucleosome positioning. The preference of nucleosomes for specific sequences delineates the potential of those sequences to be intrinsically curved. Using theoretical models for determining the DNA curvature I have analyzed the 146 base nucleosome core DNA sequences from C. elegans. The analysis reveals a wide distribution of the molecular bend locus over the nucleosome core region. The results obtained using the theoretical model reveal that the nucleosomal DNA sequences have different degrees of curvature over the entire core region. The molecular bend loci associated with these sequences are delocalized and reflects a complex deviation of the DNA axis
Based on the biophysical characteristics Modulation of CFTR gating by permeant ions

Ion channels are integral membrane proteins ubiquitously expressed in every cell. Serving as a major route for ion movement across the cell membrane, they are equipped with the capability to discriminate between different ion species. It is this unique property of ion selectivity, together with a fast throughput rate, that enables the channel proteins to enact a variety of physiological functions (Hille, 2001). Because of a fast ion conduction through the pore, an ion channel also needs to undergo conformational changes that confer a fine control of the patency of the channel (i.e., opening/ closing of the gate or gating). Despite the traditional view of ion permeation and gating as two separate processes , a wealth of recent studies provides compelling evidence that the same structural components in a channel can execute both functions (Liu et al., 1997; Liu and Siegelbaum, 2000; Contreras et al., 2008). At one extreme, gating and permeation are in fact tightly coupled. Take the CLC-0 chloride channel as an example; it is fairly established that a negatively charged glutamate residue at the external entrance of the pore actually serves as the gate (Dutzler et al., 2003), and that the competition between the permeating Cl  and the carboxyl group of this glutamate for an anion-binding site in the pore constitutes the fundamental basis for permeation-gating coupling (Chen, 2003; Feng et al., 2010, 2012). CFTR, a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein superfamily, is a phosphorylation-activated but ATP-gated anion channel Loss-of-function mutations of the CFTR gene cause cystic fibrosis, a lethal genetic disease most commonly afflicting people of Caucasian origins (Riordan et al., 1989). Like other anion channels, CFTR's pore is promiscuous and permeable to a host of anions such as chloride, bromide, nitrate, iodide, and bicarbonate, but the conductance, measured from the slope of an I-V relationship, and the permeability ratio, calculated from the shift of the reversal potential, differ among these anions. For example, pre
Deep Neural Network Frontend for Continuous EMG-Based Speech Recognition

We report on a Deep Neural Network frontend for a continuous speech recognizer based on Surface Electromyography (EMG). Speech data is obtained by facial electrodes capturing the electric activity generated by the articulatory muscles, thus allowing speech processing without making use of the acoustic signal. The electromyographic signal is preprocessed and fed into the neural network, which is trained on framewise targets; the output layer activations are further processed by a Hidden Markov sequence classiﬁer. We show that such a neural network front-end can be trained on EMG data and yields substantial improvements over previous systems, despite the fact that the available amount of data is very small, just amounting to a few tens of sentences: on the EMG-UKA corpus, we obtain average evaluation set Word Error Rate improvements of more than 32% relative on context-independent phone models and 13% relative on versatile Bundled Phonetic feature (BDPF) models, compared to a conventional system using Gaussian Mixture Models. In particular, on simple context-independent phone models, the new system yields results which are almost as good as with BDPF models, which were speciﬁcally designed to cope with small amounts of training data.
Ascending Aneurysms in Bicuspid Aortic Valve

The bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most common congenital cardiac malformation, is associated with ascending thoracic aneurysms and appears to reflect a common developmental defect. (Hahn et al., 1992; Roberts, 1970) The average time of patients with BAV undergoing surgery (of the aortic valve and/or because of complications associated with it) is a decade earlier than patients with a normally developed aortic valve. Accordingly, it is contended that if a diseased BAV must be replaced because of a diseased BAV, the aneurysmal ascending aorta should also be replaced. Valve replacement surgery without replacing the aorta would simplify the surgical intervention and shorten the time of operation. In contrast, an enlarged ascending aorta represents an increased likelihood of the patient undergoing the same surgical procedure after a few years. Replacing the aortic valve in patients with BAV does not prevent the progressive dilation of the aortic root and ascending aorta. (Yasuda et al., 2003) Cellular and extracellular processes are involved in the pathogenesis of the ascending aortic aneurysms in patients with BAV. (Bonderman et al., 1999; Mohamed et al., 2010; Nataatmadja et al., 2003; Tang et al., 2005) Many studies have demonstrated the abnormalities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in aneurysmal tissues. (Boyum et al., 2004; Koullias et al., 2004; Longo et al., 2002) Using tissue microarray techniques, Koullias et al. detected a significantly higher MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in BAV compared with normal tricuspid aortic valves (TAV), and even significantly higher MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels compared with all other tissues (control and TAV together). LeMaire et al. observed a lack of inflammatory processes and an increased MMP-2 level and normal MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression levels in aneurysmal tissues obtained from patients with BAV. In contrast, in aneurysmal tissues obtained from patients with TAV, they observed increased inflammatory processes and MMP-9 levels. (Lemaire et al., 2005) Furthermore, they showed an increased incidence of cultured vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) loss in BAV and Marfan syndrome (MFS) compared with control samples and suggested that a link between the upregulation of MMP-2 and VSMC apoptosis may exist in MFS. Certainly, there are similarities between the histology of the aneurysmal tissue of the aorta in MFS and that BAV. (Longo et al., 2002) In MFS, a mutation in the gene encoding for the extracellular matrix protein fibrillin-1 can be observed; this mutation leads to dysregulation of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b) signaling. (Dietz et al., 2005) In this chapter, we review the present knowledge for elucidating the ascending aortic aneurysm pathogenesis, particularly in patients with BAV.
Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma Parasites Are Inhibited by a Benzoxaborole Targeting Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase

ABSTRACT The apicomplexan parasites Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma are serious threats to human health. Cryptosporidiosis is a severe diarrheal disease in malnourished children and immunocompromised individuals, with the only FDA-approved drug treatment currently being nitazoxanide. The existing therapies for toxoplasmosis, an important pathology in immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women, also have serious limitations. With the aim of developing alternative therapeutic options to address these health problems, we tested a number of benzoxaboroles, boron-containing compounds shown to be active against various infectious agents, for inhibition of the growth of Cryptosporidium parasites in mammalian cells. A 3-aminomethyl benzoxaborole, AN6426, with activity in the micromolar range and with activity comparable to that of nitazoxanide, was identified and further characterized using biophysical measurements of affinity and crystal structures of complexes with the editing domain of Cryptosporidium leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS). The same compound was shown to be active against Toxoplasma parasites, with the activity being enhanced in the presence of norvaline, an amino acid that can be mischarged by LeuRS. Our observations are consistent with AN6426 inhibiting protein synthesis in both Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma by forming a covalent adduct with tRNALeu in the LeuRS editing active site and suggest that further exploitation of the benzoxaborole scaffold is a valid strategy to develop novel, much needed antiparasitic agents.
Comparison of precoding methods for broadband MIMO systems

In this paper we investigate non-linear precoding solutions for the problem of broadband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Based on a broadband singular value decomposition (BSVD) we can decouple a broadband MIMO channel into independent dispersive spectrally majorised single-input single-output (SISO) subchannels. Bit loading is proposed to optimally utilise these SISO subchannels after mitigating their individual inter-symbol-interference (ISI) using Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP). This method is benchmarked against recent results of both MMSE linear and THP designed for frequency-selective MIMO channels. Simulation results show that better bit-error-ratio (BER) can be achieved especially for higher throughput targets when compared to the benchmark.
Percentage of All Non-Overlapping Data (PAND)

Although single-case researchers are not accustomed to analyzing data statistically, standards for research and accountability from government and other funding agents are creating pressure for more objective, reliable data. In addition, “evidence-based interventions” movements in special education, clinical psychology, and school psychology imply reliable data summaries. Within special education, two heavily debated single-case research (SCR) statistical indices are “percentage of non-overlapping data” (PND) and the regression effect size, R2 . This article proposes a new index—PAND, the “percentage of all non-overlapping data”—to remedy deficiencies of both PND and R2 . PAND is closely related to the established effect size, Pearson's Phi , the “fourfold point correlation coefficient. ” The PAND/ Phi procedure is demonstrated and applied to 75 published multiple baseline designs to answer questions about typical effect sizes, relationships with PND and R2 , statistical power, and time efficiency. Confidence intervals and p values for Phi also are demonstrated. The findings are that PAND/ Phi and PND correlate equally well to R2 . However, only PAND/Phi could show adequate power for most of the multiple baseline designs sampled. The findings suggest that PAND/Phi may meet the requirement for a useful effect size for multiple baseline and other longer designs in SCR.
Assessing coping with interpersonal stress: Development and validation of the Interpersonal Stress Coping Scale in Japan.

Three studies involving approximately 4,100 Japanese were conducted to estimate the validity and reliability of the Interpersonal Stress Coping Scale (ISCS) in Japan, an instrument designed to measure strategies used to cope with interpersonal stressors. Factor analyses revealed that the ISCS has a stable three-factor structure: distancing, reassessing, and constructive coping. Distancing coping includes strategies that attempt to actively damage, disrupt, and dissolve a stressful relationship. Reassessing coping refers to efforts to patiently wait for an appropriate opportunity to act, such as a change or improvement in the situation. Constructive coping involved efforts that actively seek to improve, maintain, and/or sustain a relationship without aggravating the other individuals involved. The test–retest reliability coefficients of these three factors over a 6-week period were . 81, . 72, and . 76, respectively. Estimates of validity suggested that the ISCS is related to other scales that measure other coping strategies, personality traits, psychological functioning, and relationship satisfaction. Moreover, the ISCS scores were associated with reduced future depression, even after controlling the effects of typical coping strategies and styles of conflict management. Overall, our data indicate that the ISCS scores are a reliable and valid measure.
In vitro motility changes in Roux limb after Roux-en-Y reconstruction.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to compare the motility of Roux limb with that of normal segment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into 3 equal groups as control, Roux-en-Y (Group A) and Roux-en-Y with vagotomy (Group B). Only midline incision and manipulations were applied in control group. Following distal gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y reconstruction was applied in Group A, while vagotomy Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy was applied in Group B. Rats were sacrificed 1 month later by cervical dislocations under anesthesia. The obtained jejunal segments were cut into four equal parts. The bath was 37 °C warm while 95 % O2 and 5 % CO2 gases were supplied in 10 ml bicarbonate Krebs' solution. RESULTS KCl responses were similar in all three groups. Acetylcholine contraction responses in the vagotomy and non-vagotomy Roux-en-Y groups was higher than in those in control group significantly (p < 0.05). This response in vagotomy Roux-en-Y group was also higher than that in non-vagotomy group (p < 0.05). The induced electrical field stimulation contraction response in the vagotomy + Roux-en-Y group was lower than those in control group and non-vagotomy group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results show that muscarinic receptor density and/or function may increase after vagotomy and non-vagotomy group operation, and vagotomy may contribute to this increase. The decrease in electrical signal response in vagotomy Roux-en-Y group may depend on the decrease in acetylcholine oscillation from the cholinergic nerve ending (Tab. 1, Fig. 5, Ref. 25).