Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solid super saturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (sat-SNEDDS) as a promising alternative to conventional SNEDDS for improvement rosuvastatin calcium oral bioavailability

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to illustrate the applicability of solid supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (sat-SNEDDS) for the improvement of rosuvastatin calcium (RC) oral bioavailability. Methods: Different sat-SNEDDS were prepared by incorporating different ratios of RC into SNEDDS using tween80/PEG400 (77.2%) as surfactant/cosurfactant mixture and garlic /olive oil (22.8%) as oil phase. The prepared systems were characterized viz; size, zeta potential, TEM and stability. Various hydrophilic and hydrophobic carriers were employed to solidify the optimized RC sat-SNEDDS. The influence of the carrier was investigated by SEM, XRPD, DSC, flow properties, in vitro precipitation, drug release and oral bioavailability study. Results: The adsorption of the stable positively charged nanocarrier RC sat-SNEDDS onto solid carriers provided free flowing amorphous powder. The carrier could amend the morphological architecture and in vitro release of the RC solid sat-SNEDDS. Hydrophobic carriers as microcrystalline cellulose 102 (MCC) showed superior physical characters and higher dissolution rate over hydrophilic carriers as maltodextrin with respective T100% 30 min and 45 min. The rapid spontaneous emulsification, the positively nanosized MCC-sat-SNEDDS improved oral bioavailability of RC by 2.1-fold over commercial tablets. Conclusion: Solid MCC-sat-SNEDDS combined dual benefits of sat-SNEDDS and solid dosage form was successfully optimized to improve RC oral bioavailability.
Disorder-Immune Photonics Based on Mie-Resonant Dielectric Metamaterials

We study periodic lattices of silicon nanorods and introduce the concept of a phase diagram characterizing the regimes of photonic crystals and metamaterials. We unveil a novel regime with a robust bandgap which can endure disorder beyond 30% of the lattice constant. © 2019 The Author(s)
The Formation of Hidden Negative Capital in Banking: A Product Mismatch Hypothesis

This paper investigates the phenomenon of hidden negative capital (HNC) associated with bank failures and introduces a product mismatch hypothesis to explain the formation of HNC. Given that troubled banks tend to hide negative capital in financial statements from regulators to keep their licenses, we attempt to capture this gambling behavior by evaluating product mismatches reflecting disproportions between the allocation of bank assets and the sources of funding. We manually collect unique data on HNC and test our hypothesis using U.S. and Russian banking statistics for the 2004–2017 period (external validity argument). To manage the sample selection concerns, we apply the Heckman selection approach. Our results clearly indicate that product mismatch matters and works similarly in both U.S. and Russian banking systems. Specifically, an increase in mismatch has two effects: it leads to a higher probability that a bank’s capital is negative and raises the conditional size of the bank’s HNC. Further, we demonstrate that the mismatch effect is heterogeneous with respect to bank size being at least partially consistent with the informational asymmetry view. Our results may facilitate improvements in the prudential regulation of banking activities in other countries that share similar features with either the U.S. or Russian banking systems.
Discretely Loaded Beam-Type Optical Fiber Tactile Sensor for Tissue Manipulation and Palpation in Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgery

In traditional open surgery, surgeons use their fingertip palpation to investigate the hidden anatomical structures of tissue. However, in the current commercially available minimally invasive robotic surgery (MIRS) systems, while surgical instruments interact with tissues, surgeons do not sense any tactile information. Therefore, tactile sensors are required to be integrated into the tips of surgical instruments to mimic the perception of the surgeon's fingertips. The electrically based tactile sensors that exist at present cannot usually operate under static loading conditions. In addition, they are not compatible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices. Therefore, this research was aimed at restoring tactile information by developing an MRI compatible optical fiber tactile sensor. The sensor consists of only one single moving part. Thanks to this novel design, the sensor does not require the use of an array of sensors to measure the distributed tactile information. This capability simplifies the integration of the sensor into any suitable space available at the tips of surgical instruments. In addition, the sensor performs under both static and dynamic loading conditions. A theoretical model of the sensor and a finite-element model of the sensor-tissue interaction were developed. To validate the sensor, a prototype of the sensor was fabricated and tested.
Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Infections in 18- to 24-Year-Old Female Online Daters

Background Although risk factors for HPV infections in young women are well defined, the risk associated with meeting male sex partners via the Internet is unclear. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data from 282 women aged 18 to 24 years who reported using Internet dating Web sites in the past year. Women were mailed vaginal self-sampling kits for polymerase chain reaction–based HPV genotyping (including 19 oncogenic types) and sexual behavior and health history questionnaires. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate risk factors for prevalent oncogenic HPV infections. Results Thirty-five percent of women reported having met a male sex partner via the Internet in the past 6 months, and 42% reported a history of HPV vaccination. The prevalence of oncogenic HPV infection was 37%, and 9% of women tested positive for HPV-16 or HPV-18. Having met a male sex partner via the Internet in the past 6 months was not significantly associated with oncogenic HPV infection. In multivariate analyses, variables associated with an increased likelihood of oncogenic HPV infection included male partners in the past 6 months who were reported to have at least 1 concurrent partnership (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–2.06) and not always using condoms with male partners in the past 6 months (aPR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.05–3.30). Self-reporting a history of receiving at least 1 dose of HPV vaccine was inversely associated with testing positive for HPV-16 or HPV-18 (aPR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.16–0.97). Conclusions Although measures of recent sexual behavior were associated with prevalent oncogenic HPV infection, male partners met online were not associated with an increased likelihood of infection in this cohort of young women.
The virtual hospital: the emergence of telemedicine

The current practice of medicine, while utilizing the advances in biological and physical science, still takes place in the physician office or hospital. Unfortunately, traditional practice as integrated into the current Healthcare system is unsustainable. Accommodating the increase demand for medical services with the attendant rising costs has caused a crisis in healthcare. Telemedicine, the practice of medicine by means of mobile/internet is a transformative process that will impact healthcare globally. Already, teleradiology (diagnostic radiology remotely by means of digital images that are electronically exported) and electronic medical records are gaining wide acceptance. The ability to distribute medical services by means of mobile and internet technology is a natural and almost irresistible direction for the field of Medicine. The healthcare crisis has created an opportunity for new solutions and mobile/Internet technology has laid the infrastructure upon which one can build a powerful, innovative and badly needed platform for health services: The Global Virtual Hospital (GVH). The GVH will be a group of connected centers around the world that overlap (in time zones) throughout the working day. Patients will have access through the Internet or mobile phones. Medical records will be electronically stored, shared among authorized personal and updated with each medical interaction. The GVH, will serve as a platform and laboratory for the creation of innovative devices and technology that will improve the remote interaction.The Global Virtual Hospital System will exemplify the convergence of technology and medicine and will be integrated into standard practice in the next 5-10 year.
Automatic speech recognition using peripheral auditory modelling and a PDP approach to classification

Recent work in the field of human-computer interaction has highlighted the need for general and sophisticated speech recognition systems. Such systems require an initial analysis which adequately represents perceptually important features and a classification component that can cope with intraand inter-speaker variability. In this study, a prototype isolated word recogniser was constructed, with an auditory-based analysis component and a pattern classification module based on a parallel distributed processing paradigm [1]. The auditory model [2, 3] used was a BPNL configuration using 128 channels, incorporating both the effects of phase locking and lateral suppression. The features used are based on the energy and the temporal fine structure output from the auditory channels. Pattern classification was performed by a layered, feed-forward neural network [ 4], consisting of an array of input nodes representing the binary features output by the auditory model, a set of hidden nodes (in effect, the system's internal representation of the problem) and an array of output nodes representing the word to be recognised. A suitable internal representation was learned by the method of backpropagation of errors by gradient descent, using the generalised delta rule. This prototype recogniser was implemented on a MASSCOMP 5700, within the AUDLAB interactive speech and signal processing package [5]. The network was trained to recognise English digits spoken by male and fernale speakers and an evaluation of the mQdel in terms of speaker and time normalisation is presented. REFERENCES: 1. D.E. Rumelhart and J.L. McClelland (eds.), "Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Vol. 1: Foundations", (MIT, Garnbridge MA, 1986). 2. M.P. Cooke, "A cornputer rnodel of peripheral auditory processing incorporating phase-locking, suppression and adaptation effects", Speech Communication, 5(3) (1986). 3. A.M.P. Terry, "Suppression effects in hearing", PhD Thesis, (University of Reading, 1981). 4. D.E. Rumelhart, G.E. Hinton and R.J. Williams, "Learning representations by back-propagating errors", Nature, 323 (1986) pp533-536. 5. M. Terry, S. Hiller, J. Laver and G. Duncan, "The AUDLAB interactive speech analysis system", IEE Conference publication 258, (1986), pp263-265.
A Novel Adaptive Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Controller with a Single Input-Single Output Fuzzy Logic Control based Moving Sliding Surface

In this paper, a new approach to the super-twisting sliding mode control of uncertain systems is proposed. The idea behind this control scheme is to utilize an adaptive sliding surface function, in which the slope of the surface is updated on-line using a simple single input-single output fuzzy logic inference system so that the sliding surface is rotated in such a direction that the tracking performance of the system under control is improved. Computer simulations are performed on a system with parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. The results are compared with a conventional super twisting sliding mode controller with a fixed sliding surface. The results have shown the improved performance of the proposed control approach in terms of a decrease in the reaching and settling times and robustness to parameter uncertainties and disturbances as compared to the conventional super-twisting sliding mode controller with a fixed sliding surface. Moreover, the proposed control scheme is very simple and easy to implement.
N-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-[(1-cyclohexylmethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)sulfanyl]acetamide

The title compound, C17H21BrN4OS, was synthesized as a potential reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In the molecule, there is an N—H⋯S hydrogen bond making a five-membered ring. In the crystal, molecules are connected into centrosymmetric dimers via pairs of N—H⋯N and weak C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure also features C—H⋯O interactions.
Retrovirus‐Mediated Double Transduction of the GTPCH and PTPS Genes Allows 6‐Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin Synthase‐Deficient Human Fibroblasts to Synthesize and Release Tetrahydrobiopterin

Abstract: The tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor is essential for the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases that are involved in phenylalanine degradation and catecholamine and serotonin biosynthesis. Furthermore, BH4 is an essential and limiting cofactor for all types of nitric oxide synthases. BH4 deficiency results in hyperphenylalaninemia and monoamine neurotransmitter depletion associated with progressive mental retardation and is most commonly due to autosomal recessive mutations in 6‐pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS), the second enzyme for cofactor biosynthesis. Due to the relatively poor blood‐brain barrier penetration of the cofactor, conventional therapy requires, besides oral doses of synthetic BH4, administration of neurotransmitter precursors and an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor. The outcome of this therapy is not always beneficial. In this study we transduced into primary patient fibroblasts the human cDNAs for the BH4 biosynthetic enzymes GTP cyclohydrolase I and PTPS, expressed from different retroviral vectors. This allowed BH4 biosynthesis in originally PTPS‐deficient cells. Moreover, the double‐transduced fibroblasts released between 200 and 800 pmol of BH4/106 cells/day. Such engineered fibroblasts may be grafted into the central nervous system and used as depository cells for constitutive delivery of BH4.
Querying Software Architecture Knowledge as Linked Open Data

It is difficult for software professionals to find all the architectural knowledge they need from architecture documentation, and this results in wasted time and mistakes in projects. This is the case even when architecture documentation is indexed by an ontology and stored in a semantic wiki. We present a prototype tool called AK-Finder which queries architectural knowledge stored in a semantic wiki as Linked Open Data using a SPARQL endpoint. Our tool retrieves knowledge from the semantic wiki and answers questions for architectural review, design, and development activities. The tool exemplifies how systems used in the software project life-cycle can integrate and improve access to architectural knowledge in a semantic wiki.
A Layered Abductive Inference Framework for Diagramming Group Motions

Many events in diﬀerent domains are characterized by a large number of individual moving elements, either in pursuit of a goal in groups (as in military operations), or subject to underlying physical forces that group elements with similar motion (as in weather phenomena). Visualizing and reasoning about happenings in such domains are often facilitated by abstracting the mass of spatiotemporal data into spatial diagrams of group motions, and overlaying them on abstractions of static features, like maps. The standard approach has been to use a clustering algorithm to group the entities and extract their motions, which often produces unsatisfactory results when the data is noisy and incomplete. In this paper, we present for the task a multilayered abductive inference framework where hypotheses largely ﬂow upwards from raw data to a diagram, but there is also a top-down control that asks lower levels to supply alternatives if the higher level hypotheses are not deemed suﬃciently coherent. This top-down-bottom-up interplay to combine numerical clustering algorithms with symbolic knowledge about consistency models the ﬂexibility of human reasoning in such tasks that enables the framework to successfully deal with extremely noisy and incomplete data. We present experimental results as obtained by deploying the proposed framework and discuss several issues related to construction of such diagrams, from data sets over a few days of a large number of military units engaged in exercises at the National Technical Center, California, USA.
A learning-based POCS algorithm for face image super-resolution reconstruction

Super-resolution (SR) reconstruction, particularly on face images, can be widely used in forensic analysis and video surveillance. In this paper, we investigate the statistical characteristics of face images and incorporate them into SR reconstruction in terms of deterministic sets. Based on the set theoretic formulation, the projection onto convex sets (POCS) algorithm is applied to find the solution to face image reconstruction. Compared with the traditional POCS based SR methods, the proposed approach imposes additional constraints to the solution. The experimental results on frontal face images show that the proposed approach gains a better performance both on noise suppression and reconstruction quality.
Association between social support and depression status in the elderly: Results of a 1‐year community‐based prospective cohort study in Japan

Abstract We conducted a prospective cohort study on subjects aged ≥ 70 years in an urban community to determine whether there is any association between lack of social support and depression status. Of the 2730 eligible subjects, 1178 participated and were interviewed in a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) in 2002. We investigated the five social supports items using the following questions: (i) do you have someone with whom you can consult when you are in trouble? , (ii) do you have someone with whom you can consult when your physical condition is not good? , (iii) do you have someone who can help you with your daily housework? , (iv) do you have someone who can take you to a hospital when you do not feel well? , and (v) do you have someone who can take care of you when you are ill in bed? The Geriatric Depression Scale was used to estimate depression status. The subjects were divided into two groups: depressive and non‐depressive. Of 753 subjects classified as non‐depressive, 475 also took part in a CGA in 2003 and 278 dropped out. We calculated the risk of depression status in the elderly without social support. Lack of social support items (i) and (v) were significantly associated with an increased risk of depression status. The multivariate odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) regarding the risk of depression status among the elderly without (i) and (v) social support items were 2.6 (1.2–5.3) and 3.0 (1.4–6.1), respectively. We also found the increase risk of depression status with lack of social support item (v) was significantly different for different sexes and for different pain conditions. We conclude that there is a significant increase in the risk of depression status associated with the lack of social support in Japanese elderly people in an urban community.
Incremental Online Learning of Robot Behaviors From Selected Multiple Kinesthetic Teaching Trials

This paper presents a new approach to the incremental online learning of behaviors by a robot from multiple kinesthetic teaching trials. The approach enables a robot to refine and reproduce a specific behavior every time a new teaching trial is provided and to decide autonomously whether to accept or reject each trial. The robot neglects bad teaching trials and learns a behavior based on adequate teaching trials. The framework of this approach consists of the projection of motion data to a latent space and the description of motion data in a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). To realize the incremental online learning, the latent space and the GMM are refined incrementally after each proper teaching trial. The trial data are discarded after being used. The number of Gaussian components in the GMM is not initially fixed but is autonomously selected by the robot over the trials. The proposed method is more suitable for practical human-robot interaction. The experiments with a humanoid robot show the feasibility of the approach. We demonstrate that the robot can incrementally refine and reproduce learned behaviors that accurately represent the essential characteristics of the teaching trials through our learning algorithm and that it can reject erroneous teaching trials to improve learning performance.
Are there differences in the catalytic activity per unit enzyme of recombinantly expressed and human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 2C9? A systematic investigation into inter‐system extrapolation factors

The ‘relative activity factor’ (RAF) compares the activity per unit of microsomal protein in recombinantly expressed cytochrome P450 enzymes (rhCYP) and human liver without separating the potential sources of variation (i.e. abundance of enzyme per mg of protein or variation of activity per unit enzyme). The dimensionless ‘inter‐system extrapolation factor’ (ISEF) dissects differences in activity from those in CYP abundance. Detailed protocols for the determination of this scalar, which is used in population in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE), are currently lacking. The present study determined an ISEF for CYP2C9 and, for the first time, systematically evaluated the effects of probe substrate, cytochrome b5 and methods for assessing the intrinsic clearance (CLint). Values of ISEF for S‐warfarin, tolbutamide and diclofenac were 0.75 ± 0.18, 0.57 ± 0.07 and 0.37 ± 0.07, respectively, using CLint values derived from the kinetic values Vmax and Km of metabolite formation in rhCYP2C9 + reductase + b5 BD Supersomes™. The ISEF values obtained using rhCYP2C9 + reductase BD Supersomes™ were more variable, with values of 7.16 ± 1.25, 0.89 ± 0.52 and 0.50 ± 0.05 for S‐warfarin, tolbutamide and diclofenac, respectively. Although the ISEF values obtained from rhCYP2C9 + reductase + b5 for the three probe substrates were statistically different (p < 0.001), the use of the mean value of 0.54 resulted in predicted oral clearance values for all three substrates within 1.4 fold of the observed literature values. For consistency in the relative activity across substrates, use of a b5 expressing recombinant system, with the intrinsic clearance calculated from full kinetic data is recommended for generation of the CYP2C9 ISEF. Furthermore, as ISEFs have been found to be sensitive to differences in accessory proteins, rhCYP system specific ISEFs are recommended. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The performance of the Apriori-DHP algorithm with some alternative measures

Nowadays, the explosive growth in data collection in many areas such as business, government, medical and etc. defeated human ability to understand it and digest it. The overwhelming data volumes presented new challenges to produce new tools and techniques to extract useful knowledge from such data. These challenges have resulted in the development of new tools and techniques of a fairly new field called Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) and Data Mining (DM). One of the most widely studied and research task in the DM functionalities is Association Rules Mining (ARM) due to its use in business and commerce. In this paper, we demonstrate the implementation of the well-known ARM algorithm APRIORI with one of its improvements namely; Direct Hashing and Pruning (DHP), Özel S. and Güvenir H. (2001) as a test bed. The two algorithms are implemented in a system called "ADAS" by the use of the MATLAB7.0 programming language. The objective is to evaluate the validity of using some of the suggested alternative interestingness measures namely; Correlation, Conviction, and Odds ratio in lieu of Support-Confidence frame work. The evaluation process is carried out by conducting 80 experiments on the implementation of the two algorithms. Finally, an extensive analysis and discussion of the results is given using the well-known mushroom database.