Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Star-Junction Multiplexers

This paper illustrates a general approach to the synthesis of microwave multiplexers (RF combiners) presenting a star-junction topology (with a resonating junction). The channel filters composing the multiplexer can be arbitrarily specified; in particular, the attenuation characteristic may include transmission zeros (imaginary and/or complex). The synthesis procedure, developed in a low-pass frequency domain (suitably defined), is based on an iterative algorithm which evaluates the characteristic polynomials of both the overall multiplexer and the composing filters. Using these latter polynomials, the normalized coupling matrices of the filters can be computed using one of the methods available in the literature and the dimensioning of the channel filters is carried out through the usual de-normalized parameters (coupling coefficients and external Q). The detailed design steps illustrating the synthesis of a triplexer for base stations of mobile communications are presented. The designed device was then built, and the comparison between measurements and simulations has validated the new synthesis approach.
Can CD44+/CD24- Tumor Cells Be Used to Determine the Extent of Breast Cancer Invasion Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy?

Purpose To investigate the distribution of CD44+/CD24- cells in breast cancers in relation to tumor size before and after the administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods CD44+/CD24- tumor cells obtained from breast cancer specimens were characterized in vivo and in vitro using tumor formation assays and mammosphere generation assays, respectively. The distribution of CD44+/CD24- tumor cells in 78 breast cancer specimens following administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was also evaluated using immunofluorescence assays, and this distribution was compared with the extent of tumor invasion predicted by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST). Results In 27/78 cases, complete remission (CR) was identified using RECIST. However, 18 of these CR cases were associated with a scattered distribution of tumor stem cells in the outline of the original tumor prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 24 cases involved cancer cells that were confined to the tumor outline, and 21 cases had tumor cells or tumor stem cells overlapping the tumor outline. In addition, there were 6 patients who were insensitive to chemotherapy, and in these cases, both cancer cells and stem cells were detected outside the contours of the tumor volume imaged prior to chemotherapy. Conclusion CD44+/CD24- tumor cells may be an additional parameter to evaluate when determining the extent of breast cancer invasion.
Economic Hierarchical Q-Learning

Hierarchical state decompositions address the curse-of-dimensionality in Q-learning methods for reinforcement learning (RL) but can suffer from suboptimality. In addressing this, we introduce the Economic Hierarchical Q-Learning (EHQ) algorithm for hierarchical RL. The EHQ algorithm uses subsidies to align interests such that agents that would otherwise converge to a recursively optimal policy will instead be motivated to act hierarchically optimally. The essential idea is that a parent will pay a child for the relative value to the rest of the system for "returning the world" in one state over another state. The resulting learning framework is simple compared to other algorithms that obtain hierarchical optimality. Additionally, EHQ encapsulates relevant information about value tradeoffs faced across the hierarchy at each node and requires minimal data exchange between nodes. We provide no theoretical proof of hierarchical optimality but are able demonstrate success with EHQ in empirical results.
Skeletal Tracking using Microsoft Kinect

In this work, we attempt to tackle the problem of skeletal tracking of a human body using the Microsoft Kinect sensor. We use cues from the RGB and depth streams from the sensor to ﬁt a stick skeleton model to the human upper body. A variety of Computer Vision techniques are used with a bottom up approach to estimate the candidate head and upper body postitions using haar-cascade detectorsa and hand positions using skin segmentation data. The data is ﬁnally integrated with the Extended Distance Transform skeletonisation algorithm to obtain a fairly accurate estimate of the the skeleton parameters. The results presented show that this method can be extended to perform in real time
Adaptive Noise Cancellation for Electromagnetic-while-Drilling System

An electromagnetic telemetry system is a real time data transmission system for drill string telemetry, which is detected the electromagnetic signal between the wellhead and dipole on the surface. The well-site noise is an important factor that affects the electromagnetic MWD system transmission performance. An adaptive noise cancellation method was studied to enhance the EM-MWD receiver's ability to extract very weak signals from large amounts of well site noise. Firstly, the principle of MWD is introduced, and then the characteristic of well site noise is described briefly. Thirdly, step-size parameter μ is modified based on the noise characteristics of the well site. Finally, experimental results show that the modified LMS algorithm can suppress the well site noise 3-9dB compared with LMS algorithm. And the modified LMS algorithm has faster convergence speed, smaller steady and lower excess mean square error.
Detection and Determination of Glyceraldehyde-Derived Pyridinium-Type Advanced Glycation End Product in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

GLAP, glyceraldehyde-derived pyridinium-type advanced glycation end product (AGE), formed by glyceraldehyde-related glycation, was identified in the plasma protein and the tail tendon collagen of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. It was detected in the plasma protein and the collagen in diabetic rats by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS analysis, but was not detected in normal rats. In addition, GLAP was formed from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GA3P) with lysine as well as glyceraldehyde (GLA) with lysine in vitro. Accordingly, it is suggested that an increase in the GLAP level reflects an increase in the GLA level and the GA3P level. GLAP might be a biomarker for reduced activity of the glyceraldehyde-related enzymes in the metabolic diseases such as diabetic complications.
A review of human motion synthesis and motion retrieval technology

With the rapid development of human's motion capture technology, the factors such as cost and reusability meet the bottleneck. At this time, motion synthesis and motion retrieval arise. This paper is intended to present the classification motion synthesis and motion retrieval. The development of human animation is introduced at first. Next the human motion synthesis and retrieval are introduced and classified. At last, conclusion and some future directions are discussed.
IRAS 06562−0337, the Ironclad Nebula: A New Young Star Cluster

IRAS 06562-0337 has been the recent subject of a classic debate: is it a proto–planetary nebula or a young stellar object? We present the first 2 μm image of IRAS 06562-0337, which reveals an extended diffuse nebula containing approximately 70 stars inside a 30″ radius around a bright, possibly resolved, central object. The derived stellar luminosity function is consistent with that expected from a single coeval population, and the brightness of the nebulosity is consistent with the predicted flux of unresolved low-mass stars. The stars and nebulosity are spatially coincident with strong CO line emission. We therefore identify IRAS 06562-0337 as a new young star cluster embedded in its placental molecular cloud. The central object is likely a Herbig Be star, M ≈ 20 M⊙, which may be seen in reflection. We present medium-resolution high signal-to-noise ratio 1997 epoch optical spectra of the central object. Comparison with previously published spectra shows new evidence for time-variable permitted and forbidden line emission, including Si II, Fe II, [Fe II], and [O I]. We suggest that the origin is a dynamic stellar wind in the extended stratified atmosphere of the massive central star in IRAS 06562-0337.
Adaptive MAP Detection via the EM Algorithm for LDPC-Coded MIMO-OFDM Mobile Communications

SUMMARY This paper proposes an iterative maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) receiver for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) mobile communications. For exploiting the space, time, and frequency diversity, the lowdensity parity-check code (LDPC) is used as a channel coding with a builtin interleaver. The receiver employs the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm so as to perform the MAP symbol detection with reasonable computational complexity. The minimum mean square error (MMSE), recursive least squares (RLS), and least mean square (LMS) algorithms are theoretically derived for the channel estimation within this framework. Furthermore, the proposed receiver performs a new scheme called backward symbol detection (BSD), in which the signal detection uses the channel impulse response that is estimated one OFDM symbol later. The advantage of BSD, which is explained from the viewpoint of the message passing algorithm, is that BSD can exploit information on the both precedent and subsequent OFDM symbols, similarly to RLS with smoothing and removing (SR-RLS) [25]. In comparison with SR-RLS, BSD reduces the complexity at the cost of packet error rate (PER) performance. Computer simulations show that the receiver employing RLS for the channel estimation outperforms the ones employing MMSE or LMS, and that BSD can improve the PER performance of the ones employing RLS or LMS.
4. 18s-rdna and Polychaetes

The monophyly of polychaetes as well as the phylogeny of their traditional " families " is controversial. Most recent molecular phylogenetic analyses of polychaetes are based on 18S-rDNA data. To date, analyses have been more or less focused on one or another polychaete group limiting our understanding of polychaete evolution. Herein the taxon sampling was increased so that many polychaete " families " are represented by multiple exemplars to better represent biodiversity. A detailed analysis of the data matrix of the 18S rDNA sequences was conducted prior to the phylogenetic reconstruction so that an appropriate evolutionary model would be employed. Although polychaete phylogeny cannot be solved unambiguously, the paraphyly of polychaetes in regard to the Clitellata, Echiura and Siboglinidae and the monophyly of most of the traditional polychaete " families " is corroborated and the tree of Rouse and Fauchald (1997) is significantly rejected. In some cases, monophyly of a recognised " family " is not substantiated, closer examination of putative morphological apomorphies reveals they are usually weak characters. For instance, both " Dorvilleidae " and " Eunicida " were found to be paraphyletic and the opheliid genus Travisia should be transferred to the Scalibregmatidae. Thus, the 18S-rDNA seems to be a use-full molecular marker within the polychaetes to test the monophyly of a " family " .
A Compliant Hybrid Zero Dynamics Controller for Stable, Efficient and Fast Bipedal Walking on MABEL

The planar bipedal testbed MABEL contains springs in its drivetrain for the purpose of enhancing both energy efficiency and agility of dynamic locomotion. While the potential energetic benefits of springs are well documented in the literature, feedback control designs that effectively realize this potential are lacking. In this paper, we extend and apply the methods of virtual constraints and hybrid zero dynamics, originally developed for rigid robots with a single degree of underactuation, to MABEL, a bipedal walker with a novel compliant transmission and multiple degrees of underactuation. A time-invariant feedback controller is designed such that the closed-loop system respects the natural compliance of the open-loop system and realizes exponentially stable walking gaits. Five experiments are presented that highlight different aspects of MABEL and the feedback design method, ranging from basic elements such as stable walking and robustness under perturbations, to energy efficiency and a walking speed of 1.5 m s−1 (3.4 mph). The experiments also compare two feedback implementations of the virtual constraints, one based on PD control of Westervelt et al., and a second that implements a full hybrid zero dynamics controller. On MABEL, the full hybrid zero dynamics controller yields a much more faithful realization of the desired virtual constraints and was instrumental in achieving more rapid walking.
An Evaluation of Multi-path Transmission Control Protocol (M/TCP) with Robust Acknowledgement Schemes (インターネットコンファレンス2002論文集)

We propose a new end-to-end transport protocol called Multi-path Transmission Control Protocol (M/TCP) and its two robust acknowledgement (ACK) schemes. Our protocol is designed as an alternative TCP option to improve reliability and performance of the Internet. The M/TCP sender simultaneously transmits data via multiple controlled paths to the receiver. Our protocol requires no modification in IP layer. Two M/TCP endpoints establish multiple paths between them by subscribing to multiple ISPs. The two robust ACK schemes proposed in this paper aim at improving M/TCP performance over the Internet with high packet loss in ACK channels. Performances between our protocol and TCP Reno are compared in terms of throughput and fairness by using ns2 simulator. Simulation results indicate that M/TCP achieves higher throughput than TCP Reno in situation of random drop and burst traffic with small buffer size. When there is network congestion on reverse path, M/TCP with the proposed robust ACK schemes performs better than M/TCP with the conventional immediate ACK scheme.
E-commerce technology adoption framework by New Zealand small to medium size enterprises

This paper attempts to highlight a framework for the adoption of electronic commerce (EC) technologies in New Zealand with specific interest in the small to medium-size enterprise (SME) sector of the economy. The main thrust of the research was to develop the framework for EC adoption by the New Zealand SMEs and hence study the accelerators and impediments to the adoption and diffusion of EC technologies. The paper shows how IS/IT adoption and diffusion theories and practicalities can be explored for developing the proposed EC adoption framework. It is argued that results from research case studies based on the framework are able to identify the factors influencing and leading to the adoption of e-commerce technologies by the New Zealand SMEs.
Density Based Optimized Broadcasting for Multirate Services in Wireless ADHOC Network

Due to non-infrastructure requirement AdHoc network has gained higher popularity in recent past. AdHoc networks demands for higher intermediate node supports for long-range communication. For the improvement of long-range communication different routing schemes were suggested. Wireless AdHoc network is an emerging communication approach. In wireless AdHoc network the most commonly used routing method is anycast routing. Any cast is an addressing mode in which the same address is assigned to multiple hosts. In these hosts form any cast group and each host is referred to as an any cast group member. To transmit the packets from a client to the group address are routed to the any cast group member closest to the client. Where ‘closest’ is the specific routing protocol. Today’s any cast routing protocols are commonly modification of existing unicast routing protocols such as link-state routing protocol and distance routing algorithm. The main drawback of these routing is it cannot consider the number of available any cast group members for its routing decision. In order to solve these problems by using density-based routing has to be developed. Keywords— Adhoc Network, Throughput, High rate services.
Angular Path Integration by Moving “Hill of Activity”: A Spiking Neuron Model without Recurrent Excitation of the Head-Direction System

During spatial navigation, the head orientation of an animal is encoded internally by neural persistent activity in the head-direction (HD) system. In computational models, such a bell-shaped “hill of activity” is commonly assumed to be generated by recurrent excitation in a continuous attractor network. Recent experimental evidence, however, indicates that HD signal in rodents originates in a reciprocal loop between the lateral mammillary nucleus (LMN) and the dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTN), which is characterized by a paucity of local excitatory axonal collaterals. Moreover, when the animal turns its head to a new direction, the heading information is updated by a time integration of angular head velocity (AHV) signals; the underlying mechanism remains unresolved. To investigate these issues, we built and investigated an LMN-DTN network model that consists of three populations of noisy and spiking neurons coupled by biophysically realistic synapses. We found that a combination of uniform external excitation and recurrent cross-inhibition can give rise to direction-selective persistent activity. The model reproduces the experimentally observed three types of HD tuning curves differentially modulated by AHV and anticipatory firing activity in LMN HD cells. Time integration is assessed by using constant or sinusoidal angular velocity stimuli, as well as naturalistic AHV inputs (from rodent recordings). Furthermore, the internal representation of head direction is shown to be calibrated or reset by strong external cues. We identify microcircuit properties that determine the ability of our model network to subserve time integration function.
Fast clustering based on state learning machine

Clustering has widely been applied in various domains such as artificial intelligence and big data processing. The main task of clustering is to partition a data set into different classes or clusters according to a certain standard (such as distance criterion), which makes the similarity of the data objects in the same cluster as large as possible, while the difference between different clusters is as large as possible. Similarity measurement is the key to ensure that the similarity between the two elements in the same cluster is larger than the similarity between the two elements from different clusters, and also is larger than the similarity between the two clusters. In order to efficiently measure similarity and fast clustering, the State Learning Machine (SLM) is proposed in this paper. In the SLM two elements in the same cluster are regarded as a friend pair, therefore the clustering process becomes a novel approach of gathering friends. In the condition of large cluster differences, the SLM is not only able to cluster data fast and correctly with very low complexity, but also effectively detect the isolated points and noise points. It is not sensitive to the input order of noises and outlier data, furthermore, it can discover clusters with arbitrary shapes and can be applied to cluster big data efficiently.
Robustness in Changing Environments in Populations of Neural Networks Using Cutural Evolution

The focus of this paper is to examine the effect of cultural learning on a population of agents in various types of dynamic environment. Cultural learning allows highly fit agents in a population to teach others in order to achieve higher levels of fitness. These agents are placed in environments which may change very frequently, moderately or infrequently. The performance of cultural learning is compared with experiments undertaken using population learning, i.e genetic evolution, of agents in the same environments.
Kapitza resistance at the liquid—solid interface

Using equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we determine the Kapitza resistance (or thermal contact resistance) at a model liquid-solid interface. The Kapitza resistance (or the associated Kapitza length) can reach appreciable values when the liquid does not wet the solid. The analogy with the hydrodynamic slip length is discussed.
Inter-layer communication based QoS platform for real time multimedia applications in MANET

Mobile nodes in a robust and challenging network scenario of Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) are autonomous with self-configurable capability due to high frequency of topology change and unpredictable rearrangement of the network components during data transmission. Due to ease of set up , the vigorous networking system in MANET is very successful in conditions where it is difficult to create infrastructure founded network. Many routing protocols for MANETs assisting real time applications have been developed, basic motive being optimal utilization of resource in resource restricted environment, minimum power consumption using limited residual battery power of the highly transient mobile nodes and successful realtime data transmission within their deadline. In this paper we present an inter-layer communication based quality of service architecture that uses an optimized algorithm at the network layer as part of the QoS platform, another fast channel access mechanism implemented in MAC layer with a real time scheduler that uses Rate Monotonic algorithm for event driven task scheduling in the Qos platform. These components perform the functionalities of delay, power and jitter management in the channel during real-time data transmission, specifically we have considered video file transfer during simulation in NetSim Ver 8.3. Simulation results are encouraging which ensures improved quality of service achievement in terms of delay, throughput and higher network life time when compared with other QoS architectures.
QoS Protocol Verification using Petri-Net for Seamless Mobility in a Ubiquitous Environment: A Case Study

Ubiquitous computing is a worthy environment for autonomic/pervasive computing between users and devices or between devices and devices. To realize ubiquitous computing, supporting seamless mobility ensures continuous services during inter-networking movement without meddling users. For seamless mobility in a heterogeneous networking environment, an adequate service/network configuration is necessary in accordance with the given environment. We developed the middleware, assisting to decrease human effort for application implementation and to guarantee interoperability for effective sustaining. A protocol of QoS (quality of service) NSLP (NSIS Signaling Layer Protocol) with advance resource reservation is modeled during the development process; furthermore, the protocol verification prior to be implemented ensures the correctness of the protocol and additionally reduces risks from ambiguous designs. In this paper, we present the case-study of QoS protocol verification utilizing Petri-Net as one of well-known methods; for seamless mobility, the verified QoS protocol can guarantee service quality and effective use of resources.