Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reading first and second language subtitles: Sesotho viewers reading in Sesotho and English

Abstract Subtitling can offer valuable support in multilingual countries by giving people access to materials in the language(s) of their choice. Within the South African context and its known problems with literacy, this article poses the following questions: How useful are second language (L2) English subtitles compared to first language (L1) subtitles, and how effective is the practice of subtitling in South Africa? This study examined the effectiveness of L2 English subtitles by presenting native speakers of Sesotho with a video clip containing L1 Sesotho and L2 English subtitles while monitoring their eye movements. The hypothesis was that there would be a difference in L1 and L2 subtitle reading in terms of processing. Statistically significant differences were found, but they were more extensive than anticipated. Participants were unable to finish reading the L1 Sesotho subtitles within the given display time, whereas the L2 English subtitles were read with seemingly more ease. However, their reading of the L2 English subtitles was still not optimal. The findings point towards literacy as an important problem – many South Africans do not possess the reading skills to interact with written materials offered by the media. This exacerbates challenges related to subtitling in South Africa. If people are unable to read the subtitles presented to them on television, subtitling is failing its purpose to facilitate the communication of information.
Cortical Contributions to Saccadic Suppression

The stability of visual perception is partly maintained by saccadic suppression: the selective reduction of visual sensitivity that accompanies rapid eye movements. The neural mechanisms responsible for this reduced perisaccadic visibility remain unknown, but the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) has been proposed as a likely site. Our data show, however, that the saccadic suppression of a target flashed in the right visual hemifield increased with an increase in background luminance in the left visual hemifield. Because each LGN only receives retinal input from a single hemifield, this hemifield interaction cannot be explained solely on the basis of neural mechanisms operating in the LGN. Instead, this suggests that saccadic suppression must involve processing in higher level cortical areas that have access to a considerable part of the ipsilateral hemifield.
Children living with violence against their mothers: the side effects on their behaviour, self-image and school performance

This paper discusses the effects of children’s exposure to violence against their mothers. It particularly considers the sided-effects of this violence on the children’s behaviour, self-image and school performance. The research indicates that (1) violence against women victimises not only the mothers but also their children, even if the children are not themselves the targets of violence; and that (2) the signs/effects of a child’s exposure to violence are as varied as the children’s personalities and may be externalised in the different contexts in which children become socialised, including school. The paper presents findings from a study of 80 9–11-year-old children attending primary schools all over Cyprus. Half of these children were identified as having been exposed to violence; and 40 children were also randomly selected as a control group. The results indicated that children’s views on their self-image and school performance, as well as their reactions towards violence, differed from the views and behaviour of children not exposed to violence. These findings should interest everyone involved in children’s development and education.
Epidemiological and clinical description of the top three reportable parasitic diseases in a Canadian community

SUMMARY This study provides a comprehensive epidemio-clinical picture of sporadic, domestically acquired cases of amoebiasis, cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in one Canadian community based on patient symptom, outcome and exposure data from an enhanced surveillance system. It yields valuable data for estimating the burden of those diseases including the proportion of bloody diarrhoea, hospitalization, and disease duration. Age differences were observed by incidence rate and for some clinical information and exposures to risk factors. For each of the three diseases, the animal/environment-to-person route was the most common possible main transmission route according to the exposure reported, whereas the person-to-person route was the least common. Exposure was higher for the 10–24 years age group of giardiasis cases for swimming in recreational waters (79%) and attending a barbeque (50%). Therefore, comparisons between groups of cases or extrapolation of results when estimating the burden of illness should be adjusted for age.
A Criteria-Based Evaluation Framework for Authentication Schemes in IMS

The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is regarded as one of the most prominent enablers for successful service provisioning across different access network technologies and devices. While new paradigms, e.g. seamless communication, enter the IMS, existing solutions, e.g. for authentication, need to be re-defined, which is one of the major activities within the EUREKA! -funded Mobicome project, involving operators, manufacturers and academia. As there exist several candidate solutions for providing seamless authentication, there is a need for a set of criteria that helps to select the candidate that fulfils those criteria in a best-possible way. Given this background, this position paper proposes a framework of criteria for the evaluation of authentication schemes in IMS. The primary criteria are security, user-friendliness and simplicity. In-between these criteria, the secondary criteria can be found. These are awareness, usability and algorithms. Each criterion, both primary and secondary, is then also divided into one or several substantiating sub-criteria. The discussion of the criteria is followed by a description of the evaluation methodology, which comprises both qualitative and quantitative evaluations such as SWOT analysis, use of NIST and ISO guidelines, user rankings, and measurements of authentication times. The paper is concluded with an outlook on future work, including studies and experiments.
Statistical Characteristics of 60 GHz Wideband Indoor Propagation Channel

This paper presents statistical properties of the space-time propagation channel at 60 GHz. An extensive measurement campaign is conducted for three different type of corridors in an office building. The 60 GHz channel sounder used is capable of measuring the complex-valued space time channel data accurately and the multipath components are resolved both in space and time domain with 1 GHz measurement bandwidth. Throughout the measurements the line-of-sight (LOS) path is ensured. The parameter estimation is performed using space-alternating generalized expectation (SAGE) algorithm. Parameters for the directional channel model such as root mean square (RMS) delay spread, Ricean K-factor and angular spread are calculated. Statistical models for the power delay spectrum (PDP) and the power azimuth spectrum (PAP) are given
Self‐certified proxy convertible authenticated encryption: formal definitions and a provably secure scheme

In 2009, Wu and Lin introduced the concept of self‐certified proxy convertible authenticated encryption (SP‐CAE) by integrating self‐certified public‐key system and designated verifier proxy signature with message recovery. They also presented the first SP‐CAE scheme which is based the discrete logarithm problem. However, Wu‐Lin scheme is not secure as Xie et al. recently showed that this scheme is existentially forgeable under adaptive chosen warrants, unconfidentiable and verifiable under adaptive chosen messages and designated verifiers. In this paper, we first discuss the security requirements of SP‐CAE and then formally define unforgeability, message confidentiality, and unverifiability. Consequently, the first complete formal model of SP‐CAE is proposed. After that, we propose a provably secure SP‐CAE scheme by using two‐party Schnorr signature introduced by Nicolosi et al. in 2003. Finally, we prove the formal security of the proposed scheme in the random oracle model under the discrete logarithm assumption. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explorations in the field of brain connectivity: analysis and visualization

Tinnitus is an auditory percept in the absence of an external sound source. Mechanisms in the central nervous system are believed to be key in the pathophysiology of tinnitus. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MR imaging technique that allows in vivo exploration of white matter tissue in the human brain. Using a probabilistic DTI approach, we determined the characteristics of fiber tracts from the inferior colliculus to the medial geniculate body up to the primary auditory cortex. We also investigated the connections between the auditory system and the amygdala, which may be involved in some forms of tinnitus. White matter tracts were characterized by three quantities: the mean field anisotropy, the weighted mean field anisotropy and the path strength. All these quantities are measures of the patency of white matter tracts. The most important finding is an increased patency of the white matter tracts between the auditory cortex and the amygdala in tinnitus patients as compared to healthy controls.
The Buffering Effect of a Computer Support Network on Caregiver Strain

ComputerLink was a computer support network for family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease. In a 12-month experiment, 102 caregivers were randomly assigned to an experimental group that had access to ComputerLink or to a control group that did not. This investigation examined whether caregivers in the experimental group had greater reductions in four types of care-related strain by the end of the 1-year study. ComputerLink reduced certain types of strain if caregivers also had larger informal support networks, were spouses, or did not live alone with their care receivers. More frequent use of the communication function was related to significantly reduced strain for caregivers who were initially more stressed and for non-spouse caregivers. Greater use of the information function was related to significantly lower strain among caregivers who lived alone with care receivers. Overall, ComputerLink appeared to be an effective tool for reducing strain for some caregivers.
Experimental Evidence Relating to the Person-Situation Interactionist Model of Ethical Decision Making

Abstract: According to a widely credited model in the business ethics literature, ethical decisions are a function of two kinds of factors, personal (individual) and situational, and these factors interact with each other. According to a contrary view of decision making that is widely held in some areas of business research, individuals’ decisions about ethical issues (and subsequent actions) are purely a function of their self-interest. The laboratory experiment reported in this paper provides a test of the person-situation interactionist model, using the general theoretical and experimental framework used in the experimental economics literature. One individual and two situational factors relating to moral intensity were examined which may influence decisions to misrepresent information in the course of business activities. The individual and one situational variable were significantly related to participants’ actions. The interactions among individual and situation variables were not individually significant, although the model including interactions had a much higher level of statistical significance. Gender was significant, both directly and in interaction with moral development, suggesting that it may be worthy of further examination.
Quality of Attachment to Companion Animals among U.S. Adults 21 to 64 Years of Age

AbstractPrevious reports of scales and indices used in studying attachment to companion animals have not included representative samples of the United States population or have failed to show good psychometric properties. This report includes psychometric analyses of a companionanimal attachment scale used among a national probability sample of United States adults aged 21 to 64 years. Internal structures of the scale were shown to be good with all eight items loading strongly on one factor. Cronbach's alpha was 0.75 with all eight items included. As expected, those individuals who had sole responsibility for the care of the companion animal had stronger attachment scores, as did individuals who had never been married. Type of pet was not significantly associated with attachment scores, which indicates that this scale may be useful for all companion animals, not solely for dogs and cats. However, further work including a larger sample of bird and fish owners needs to be done before the value of this attac.
Constraints on code switching: how universal are they?

L'article presente d'abord les etudes anterieures effectuees sur les contraintes du changement de code, et donne une definition du concept, qu'il envisage comme l'utilisation de deux langues differentes dans une seule phrase, ou groupe de phrases. Il enumere ensuite les types de contraintes possibles et presente l'etude qu'il a menee sur un corpus bilingue allemand-anglais et neerlandais-anglais en Australie
Thinking about “Scenes”: A New View of Visitors' Influence on Museums

Sociologists have described “scenes” as voluntary social groupings or figurations that are “… thematically focused cultural networks of people who share certain material and/or cognitive forms of collective stylization,” according to Hitzler, Bucher, and Niederbacher (2001, 20). This terminology is quite useful for thinking about Stephen Weil's assertion that visitors play a role in shaping museums. Through “scenes,” we see how this might happen, and how visitors might already be exerting subtle pressure on the forms and contents of museums. The study of scenes could help us develop a tool that would offer a unique vision of the influences that visitors have on museums.
Investigation of RIP140 and LCoR as independent markers for poor prognosis in cervical cancer

Introduction RIP140 (Receptor Interacting Protein) is involved in the regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways and in the development of breast and colon cancers. The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of RIP140 and its partner LCoR in cervical cancers, to decipher their relationship with histone protein modifications and to identify a potential link with patient survival. Methods Immunohistochemical analyses were carried out to quantify RIP140 and LCoR expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections cervical cancer samples. Correlations of RIP140 and LCoR expression with histopathological variables were determined by correlation analyses. Survival rates of patients expressing low or high levels of RIP140 and LCoR were compared by Kaplan-Meier curves. Results RIP140 overexpression was associated with a significantly shorter overall survival of cervical cancer patients. This effect was significant in the squamous cell carcinoma subtype but not in adenocarcinomas. RIP140 is no longer a significant negative prognosticator for cervical cancer when LCoR expression is low. Discussion RIP140 is an independent predictor of poor survival of patients with cervical cancer. Patients with tumors expressing low levels of both RIP140 and LCoR showed a better survival compared to patients expressing high levels of RIP140. Modulation of RIP140 and LCoR may represent a novel targeting strategy for cervical cancer prevention and therapy.
Physics-Based SPICE-Model for IGBTs With Transparent Emitter

The insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is still the most used power semiconductor device for applications at medium power and frequency ranges, due to its good compromise between on-state loss, switching loss, and ease of control. IGBT models should consider the different available fabrication technologies aimed to optimize the device behavior for particular applications. Physics-based models of power electronic devices are the most accurate for circuit simulation purposes, since they can take into account device structure and the most important semiconductor phenomena. Moreover, they can give an insight into internal device behavior. However, such models are often too complex to be implemented in circuit simulators like the simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) family. This paper presents a physics-based IGBT model implemented in PSpice, which considers a structure with transparent emitter and can be applied to homogeneous structures with or without a field-stop layer.
Self-disclosure under social networking sites: a risk-utility decision model

With the rapid development of information technology, Social Networking Sites (SNSs) as important communication platforms have provided more and more individuals with an effective approach to communicate with friends and share information. Based on the Disclosure Decision Model (DDM) and Communication Privacy Management Theory (CPMT), this research investigates how perceived privacy risk and perceived utility affect self-disclosure behavior simultaneously under the circumstance of SNSs in a risk-utility decision model. Theoretical arguments and propositions are developed.
Mitigation of Harmonics in a Three-Phase, Four-Wire Distribution System using a System of Shunt Passive Filters

Three-phase four-wire distribution systems are very common and widely used in commercial and industrial installations and therefore power systems harmonics is an area that merits a great deal of attention. Advancement in semiconductor devices has fuelled an increase in the use of non-linear loads which are the main causes of harmonic distortion in three-phase, four-wire distribution systems. Mitigation of harmonics in three-phase, four-wire electrical power distribution systems that supply balanced and unbalanced non-linear loads was therefore conducted. Giving consideration to the 5 th and 7 th order harmonics, the mitigation system was modeled and simulated using Matlab/Simulink. Three experiments were conducted for each order of harmonics. Simulation results showed that a better filtering ability is obtained when the characteristic impedance of the shunt passive filter is small and also for a larger resonance frequency also gave better filtering ability. Implementation of the developed model in a three-phase, four-wire power distribution systems promises an absolute minimum of the harmonics content and thus improved harmonics-focused power quality. This paper proposes an approach to compensate for harmonics in a three-phase four-wire power distribution system. The mitigation principle is described, and some interesting filtering characteristics are discussed.
Service Recommendation for User Groups in Internet of Things Environments Using Member Organization-Based Group Similarity Measures

Recommender systems can be used to assist groups of users to select services in Internet of Things (IoT)-enriched environments. However, aggregating the preferences of the individual users of a group, which is generally used in group recommendation, is not appropriate for IoT environments, where the user groups' preferences for IoT-based services differ significantly from those of individual users. In this paper, we propose a user-based collaborative filtering approach that considers member organization for a new user group. We select neighbor user groups that are similar to the new group based on combinations of member organization-based group similarity (MOGS) metrics such as the group size-based, common member-based, and member preference-based metrics. We conduct experiments to evaluate our approach using real-world datasets collected from practical IoT testbed environments. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective in improving the performance and stability of service recommendations in IoT environments regardless of the locational characteristics.
Immune Responses against Multiple Epitopes: a Theory for Immunodominance and Antigenic Variation Competition between Ctl Epitopes: the Competitive Exclusion Principle

A simple and natural model for the nonlinear interaction between the immune system and multiple epitopes of a genetically variable pathogen can explain the main features of the complex phenomenon of immunodominance. In this model, antigenically homogeneous populations of pathogens stimulate an immunodominant response against a single epitope. In contrast, a heterogeneous pathogen population induces a dynamically complicated array of fluctuating responses against multiple epitopes. Antigenic escape in one epitope can shift immunodominance to other, potentially weaker, epitopes, thereby altering the selective pressures on the pathogen population as a whole. These ideas are compared with detailed studies of the shifting patterns of antigenic variation and cytotoxic T-cell responses seen in HIV-1 infected patients. Immunodominance Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) can identify and remove virus-infected cells. Within infected cells viral proteins are continuously degraded, and the resulting oligopeptides bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The resulting MHC–peptide complex is brought to the surface of the infected cell where it can interact with the T-cell receptor on the surface of a CTL. If the interaction between the MHC–peptide complex and the T-cell receptor is of sufficient affinity then the CTL may be stimulated to kill the virus infected cell and to proliferate. Whereas MHC molecules are generally rather unspecific and can bind a large number of different peptides (including 'self-peptides' that derive from ordinary cellular proteins), the interaction between the T-cell receptor and the peptide–MHC complex is highly specific thereby ensuing specific immune responses against infected cells and avoiding reactivity against uninfected cells. A T-cell epitope is usually around 10 amino acids long, and a virus like HIV may have about 10–20 potential epitopes that can be seen by a patient's CTL. 1 But a typical anti-viral CTL response in vivo is only directed against one (or a few) of these epitopes. This phenomenon is known as immunodominance. There is no clear explanation for immunodominance. But it is, of course, well understood that epitopes differ in their ability to induce CTL responses. Let us define the immunogenicity of an epitope as the rate at which it induces CTL proliferation. An epitope is likely to be highly immunogenic if it binds the presenting MHC molecule with high affinity, if the resulting MHC–peptide complex is present in abundance on the surface of the infected cell, and if this complex has a high affinity for the T-cell receptor. The abundance of an epitope will be …
Using SAP System Configuration Security Test to Comply with Sarbanesoxley Act

Most observers would agree that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOA) is the single most important piece of legislation affecting corporate governance, financial disclosure and the practice of public accounting. On the other hand, the SAP system is the most widely used ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system in the world. There are thousands of seamlessly linked components and subsystems. Conducting security tests in a complicated ERP system is still a major challenge. Based on the study of the SAP system configuration security testing at the author’s company, this work-in-progress paper will discuss related configuration security weakness in SAP system and suggest practical solutions to enhance the security control of SAP to comply with SOA.