Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Event Extraction using Ontology Directed Semantic Grammar

The task of extracting and constructing knowledge base from news is still a subject of ongoing research. The obtained knowledge base is useful for many applications, such as a question answering system. Football news always gains enormous interest from many football fan clubs. Hence, there are needs to extract certain information from this news in timely fashion. This paper proposes a new approach to extract football events from football news webpages and represents them as frames. One of the main contributions of the new approach is the process of dynamically generating semantic grammar from football domain ontology. A semantic parser uses this grammar to recognize events of interest and their details. This paper explains the overall architecture of our system called Ontology Directed Event Extraction System and explains detail implementation of our new proposed approach for extracting football events. The system is demonstrated by extracting events from 40 football news webpages, resulting in 699 frames which evaluated over 85% precision and recall.
High Raf-1 kinase activity protects human tumor cells against paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity.

Paclitaxel (Taxol) is becoming increasingly important in the treatment of many tumors, although a large proportion of tumors fail to respond to this drug. The identification of the processes that confer cellular paclitaxel resistance could provide potential targets for novel therapies that may help to eliminate paclitaxel-resistant tumors. Recent reports suggest that the Raf-1 protein kinase may have a profound influence on the level of paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. We have critically evaluated the relationship between Raf-1 kinase activity and de novo paclitaxel resistance in early-passage human cervical tumors. In the 12 cell lines studied, Raf-1 kinase activity was inversely correlated (P = 0.0016) with the level of cytotoxicity induced by 60 nM paclitaxel. The relationship between these two parameters seems to be more than an epiphenomenon, because genetic down-regulation of Raf-1 kinase activity led to an approximately 4-fold increase in paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity. The data from both our transfection studies and those on the 12 unperturbed cell lines are consistent with Raf-1 kinase being a negative determinant of paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity. Because the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel is primarily attributable to apoptosis, these data suggest that Raf-1 kinase acts to suppress paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that the clinical effectiveness of paclitaxel could be substantially improved by the use of Raf-1 kinase inhibitors, provided that a similar relationship between Raf-1 kinase activity and paclitaxel cytotoxicity exists in the clinic, especially in those tumor sites where paclitaxel is the current treatment of choice e.g., ovarian and breast cancer.
Hierarchical pitman-yor and dirichlet process for language model

This paper presents a nonparametric interpretation for modern language model based on the hierarchical Pitman-Yor and Dirichlet (HPYD) process. We propose the HPYD language model (HPYD-LM) which ﬂexibly conducts backoff smoothing and topic clustering through Bayesian nonparametric learning. The nonparametric priors of backoff n -grams and latent topics are tightly coupled in a compound process. A hybrid probability measure is drawn to build the smoothed topic-based LM. The model structure is automatically determined from training data. A new Chinese restaurant scenario is proposed to implement HPYD-LM via Gibbs sampling. This process reﬂects the power-law property and extracts the semantic topics from natural language. The superiority of HPYD-LM to the related LMs is demonstrated by the experiments on different corpora in terms of perplexity and word error rate.
Serological relationships between different strains of vesicular stomatis virus.

Summary The five vesicular stomatitis viruses Indiana, New Jersey, Cocal, Argentina and Brazil have been examined for cross-relationships by complement fixing and neutralization tests. With the exception of the Cocal and Argentina strains, intact virus particles showed little cross-reaction in either test. However, the infective skeleton-like structure produced by uncoating the virus with Tween-ether or Nonidet, and the infective ribonucleoprotein (RNP) produced by deoxycholate disruption of the virus, were neutralized by either homo- or heterotypic antisera and showed considerable cross-reactivity in the complement fixation test. Experiments with the isolated sub-units of the virus indicated that the major part of the cross-reactivity was associated with the RNP. The morphologically similar Piry and Chandipura viruses appeared to be unrelated to the vesicular stomatitis group in both complement fixation and neutralization tests.
Type II Diabetes Mellitus Is a Risk Factor for Heart Failure in Pre‐Dialysis Patients

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure (HF) and ischemic heart disease (IHD). The characteristics of patients with CKD complicated with HF at the time of starting hemodialysis have not yet been evaluated. We enrolled 347 patients in this study and compared gender, age, body mass index, laboratory data, causative disease, complications, and echocardiographic findings between groups with (n = 105) and without (n = 242) HF. Type II diabetic nephropathy and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; mL/min/1.73 m2) were the independent factors for HF (OR: 3.004, 95% CI: 1.754 to 5.146 and OR: 1.215, 95% CI: 1.101 to 1.330, [per 1 mL/min/1.73 m2 increase], respectively). The higher GFR appeared to be not a risk factor for HF, probably because the HF group included patients who required periodic dialysis to prevent fatal HF, even if their renal function was not extremely deteriorated. The prevalence of hypertension, IHD and values of body mass index, triglycerides, and LDL‐cholesterol did not differ between these two groups. Echocardiographic data showed that left ventricular mass index was an independent risk factor for HF (OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.012, per 1 g/m2 increase) and more than half of the patients appeared to have left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Our findings suggest that not only CKD, but also type II DM, is a potent risk for left ventricular dysfunction, which causes HF and IHD in pre‐dialysis patients with CKD.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: a patent review (2008 – present)

Introduction: Both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are present in the body in large amounts. AChE is an important part of the cholinergic nervous system taking place in the central and peripheral nervous system. AChE is a target of several toxins such as insecticide carbofuran, nerve agents, sarin, soman, tabun and VX. Beside toxins, drugs for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and myasthenia gravis, such as galantamine, donepezil, rivastigmine, tacrine, huperzine, pyridostigmine and neostigmine, are known. Areas covered: The review gives an overview of the importance of the cholinergic nervous system, the biochemistry of AChE and the role of AChE inhibitors. Current efforts to introduce potent drugs for Alzheimer's disease therapy and reduce toxicity, while keeping the maximal pharmacological effect, are also discussed. Expert opinion: The current research effort into AChE inhibitors can be divided into two categories. First, new toxins useful for agricultural purposes and second, novel drugs that need to be prepared, although there is less interest in the new toxins. The research for drugs for Alzheimer's disease needs to focus on inhibitors that reduce the deposition of amyloid plaques, but do not initiate AChE expression.
Imaging voltage in zebrafish as a route to characterizing a vertebrate functional connectome: promises and pitfalls of genetically encoded indicators

Abstract Neural circuits are non-linear dynamical systems that transform information based on the pattern of input, current state and functional connectivity. To understand how a given stimulus is processed, one would ideally record neural activity across the entire brain of a behaving animal, at cellular or even subcellular resolution, in addition to characterizing anatomical connectivity. Given their transparency and relatively small size, larval zebrafish provide a powerful system for brain-wide monitoring of neural activity. Genetically encoded calcium indicators have been used for this purpose, but cannot directly report hyperpolarization or sub-threshold activity. Voltage indicators, in contrast, have this capability. Here, we test whether two different genetically encoded voltage reporters, ASAP1 and Bongwoori, can be expressed and report activity in the zebrafish brain, using widefield, two-photon and light sheet microscopy. We were unable to express ASAP1 in neurons. Bongwoori, in contrast expressed well, and because of its membrane localization, allowed visualization of axon trajectories in 3D. Bongwoori displayed stimulus-evoked changes in fluorescence, which could be detected in single trials. However, under high laser illumination, puncta on neural membranes underwent spontaneous fluctuations in intensity, suggesting that the probe is susceptible to blinking artefacts. These data indicate that larval zebrafish can be used to image electrical activity in the brain of an intact vertebrate at high resolution, although care is needed in imaging and analysis. Recording activity across the whole brain will benefit from further developments in imaging hardware and indicators.
Registration of structurally dissimilar images in MRI-based brachytherapy

A serious challenge in image registration is the accurate alignment of two images in which a certain structure is present in only one of the two. Such topological changes are problematic for conventional non-rigid registration algorithms. We propose to incorporate in a conventional free-form registration framework a geometrical penalty term that minimizes the volume of the missing structure in one image. We demonstrate our method on cervical MR images for brachytherapy. The intrapatient registration problem involves one image in which a therapy applicator is present and one in which it is not. By including the penalty term, a substantial improvement in the surface distance to the gold standard anatomical position and the residual volume of the applicator void are obtained. Registration of neighboring structures, i.e. the rectum and the bladder is generally improved as well, albeit to a lesser degree.
Measuring Changes of Movement Dynamics During Robot-Aided Neurorehabilitation of Stroke Patients

The aim of this study was to describe in detail a new method, called normalized force control parameter (nFCP), to measure changes in movement dynamics obtained during robot-aided neurorehabilitation, and to evaluate its ability to estimate the clinical scales. The study was conducted in a group of 18 subjects after chronic stroke who underwent robot therapy of the upper limb. We used two different measures of movement dynamics to assess patients' performance during each session of training: the nFCP and force directional error (FDE), both measuring the directional error of the patient-exerted force applied to the end-effector of the robot device. Both metrics exhibited significant changes over the three-week course of treatment. The comparison between nFCP and FDE slopes showed a significant and high correlation (r = 0.79; p < 0.001), indicating that the two parameters are closely correlated. The FDE informed on the direction of the force error, while the nFCP showed a better performance in predicting the clinical scale values. Assessment of the time course of recovery showed that nFCP, FDE and the movement smoothness improved quickly at first and then plateaued, while steady gains in mean velocity of movement took place over a longer time course. These data may be helpful to the therapist in developing more effective robot-based therapy protocols.
Concentrations of B Vitamins and Homocysteine in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia

Background Elevated concentration of serum homocysteine contributes to thrombosis, a frequent event in patients with sickle cell anemia. We aimed to test whether children with sickle cell anemia have elevated concentrations of serum homocysteine with diminished levels of folate or B vitamins from accelerated blood cell turnover. Methods We conducted a case-control study of children with homozygous sickle cell anemia (n = 17) and unaffected children (n = 11). We measured serum and red blood cell folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and homocysteine concentrations, and assessed micronutrient intake. Results Children with sickle cell anemia had concentrations of homocysteine slightly higher than those of unaffected children. They had lower vitamin B6 concentrations and comparable concentrations of folate and vitamin B12. Homocysteine concentration was inversely related to vitamin B12 concentration and was not independently associated with levels of vitamin B6 or folate. Conclusion Despite comparable intake, children with sickle cell anemia had lower concentrations of vitamin B6 than unaffected children. Larger studies are needed to determine if chronically low serum vitamin B6 concentration contributes to hyperhomocysteinemia in this population.
The Mutagenesis Protein UmuC Is a DNA Polymerase Activated by UmuD′, RecA, and SSB and Is Specialized for Translesion Replication*

Replication of DNA lesions leads to the formation of mutations. In Escherichia coli this process is regulated by the SOS stress response, and requires the mutagenesis proteins UmuC and UmuD′. Analysis of translesion replication using a recently reconstituted in vitro system (Reuven, N. B., Tomer, G., and Livneh, Z. (1998) Mol. Cell 2, 191–199) revealed that lesion bypass occurred with a UmuC fusion protein, UmuD′, RecA, and SSB in the absence of added DNA polymerase. Further analysis revealed that UmuC was a DNA polymerase (E. coli DNA polymerase V), with a weak polymerizing activity. Upon addition of UmuD′, RecA, and SSB, the UmuC DNA polymerase was greatly activated, and replicated a synthetic abasic site with great efficiency (45% bypass in 6 min), 10–100-fold higher than E. coli DNA polymerases I, II, or III holoenzyme. Analysis of bypass products revealed insertion of primarily dAMP (69%), and to a lesser degree dGMP (31%) opposite the abasic site. The UmuC104 mutant protein was defective both in lesion bypass and in DNA synthesis. These results indicate that UmuC is a UmuD′-, RecA-, and SSB-activated DNA polymerase, which is specialized for lesion bypass. UmuC is a member of a new family of DNA polymerases which are specialized for lesion bypass, and include the yeast RAD30 and the humanXP-V genes, encoding DNA polymerase η.
Fabry-Pérot based refractive index optical fiber sensor for measurement of oxygen concentration levels in hypoxic tumors during radiotherapy treatment

An optical fiber sensor based on Fabry-Pérot interferometer to measure the refractive index changes due to oxygenation level changes in hypoxic tumors for radiotherapy treatments is proposed. The sensors have an outer diameter of 220μm with a 20–30μm length air-cavity and a 30μm thickness end cap located at the tip of the sensor. The sensors are used to measure the phase change in the received optical spectrum when there is a change in refractive index using a Fast Fourier Transform based analysis method. The refractive index change is measured in order to determine the oxygenation level in hypoxic tumors. In this paper, different concentrations of iso-propanol solution are prepared to produce refractive index values between 1.3438 and 1.3655 in order to mimic the refractive index of hemoglobin. The sensors are coated with a 100 nm thick gold layer and a comparison is made with non-coated sensors. The coated sensors have a resolution in order of 10−3 RIU.
Strategic Behavior of Multi-Energy Players in Electricity Markets as Aggregators of Demand Side Resources Using a Bi-Level Approach

The coordination of various energy vectors under the concept of multi-energy system (MES) has introduced new sources of operational flexibility to system managers. In this paper, the behavior of multi-energy players (MEP) who can trade with more than one energy carrier to maximize their profits and mitigate their operational risks has been investigated. The MES is represented based on a multilayer structure, namely the energy market, MEP, the local energy system (LES), and multi-energy demand. In such environment, an MEP aggregates LES and participates in the wholesale electricity market, simultaneously to maximize its profit. The decision-making conflict of the MEP with other energy players for the aggregation of LES and participation in the electricity market is modeled based on a bilevel approach. Numerical results show the behavior of the MEP as a prosumer in the electricity market to produce smoother demand and price profiles. Results reveal a mutual effect of local and wholesale equilibrium prices by increasing the share of the MEP.
Predictability , Complexity , and Learning

We dene predictive information Ipred(T) as the mutual information between the past and the future of a time series. Three qualitatively different behaviors are found in the limit of large observation times T: Ipred(T) can remain nite, grow logarithmically, or grow as a fractional power law. If the time series allows us to learn a model with a nite number of parameters, then Ipred(T) grows logarithmically with a coefcient that counts the dimensionality of the model space. In contrast, power-law growth is associated, for example, with the learning of innite parameter (or nonparametric) models such as continuous functions with smoothness constraints. There are connections between the predictive information and measures of complexity that have been dened both in learning theory and the analysis of physical systems through statistical mechanics and dynamical systems theory. Furthermore, in the same way that entropy provides the unique measure of available information consistent with some simple and plausible conditions, we argue that the divergent part of Ipred(T) provides the unique measure for the complexity of dynamics underlying a time series. Finally, we discuss how these ideas may be useful in problems in physics, statistics, and biology.
Ss‐LrpB, a transcriptional regulator from Sulfolobus solfataricus, regulates a gene cluster with a pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase‐encoding operon and permease genes

Ss‐LrpB is an Lrp‐like transcriptional regulator from Sulfolobus solfataricus. Previously, in vitro binding of Ss‐LrpB to the control region of its own gene has been extensively studied. However, nothing was known about the physiological role of this regulator yet. Here, using the knowledge of the DNA‐binding sequence specificity of Ss‐LrpB, several potential binding sites were predicted in silico in promoter regions of genes located adjacently to the Ss‐lrpB gene. These genes include an operon encoding a pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (porDAB) and two genes encoding putative permeases. In vitro protein–DNA interaction studies allowed the identification of the Ss‐LrpB binding sites in the cognate control regions. Intriguingly, the binding site organization in the por operator is identical to that in the Ss‐lrpB control region. An Ss‐lrpB gene disruption mutant was constructed and the gene expression of the above‐mentioned targets in this mutant was analysed by qRT‐PCR and compared with isogenic wild type. Our data demonstrate that in vivo Ss‐LrpB acts as an activator at the promoters of the three predicted targets. Based on these results, it appears that not all regulators belonging to the archaeal Lrp family perform a function related to the amino acid metabolism, unlike the bacterial Lrp‐like regulators.
SERUM PROTEINS, LIPOPROTEINS, AND GLYCOPROTEINS IN MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY AND RELATED DISEASES *

Biochemical changes in various forms of muscular dystrophy have been summarized in several reviews. 'S2 They include changes in serum proteins studied in the hope that they might reflect primary metabolic changes and thus reveal underlying causes of the disease. In the past most of the biochemical studies had been made on an experimental form of myopathy that develops in many species of animals when they are deprived of vitamin E. The symptoms of this form of nutritional muscular dystrophy resemble in many ways those of patients with muscular dystrophy, but they regress when the vitamin is admini~tered. ~-~ This report deals with our comparative studies of the serum proteins, lipoproteins, and glycoproteins in myopathy of vitamin E deficiency, in clinical muscle diseases, and in hereditary muscular dystrophy in mice.1°-12
Analysis and Learning Frameworks for Large-Scale Data Mining

The first framework is for analysis phase, in which we find out how to utilize business data through trial and error. The proposed framework stores tree-structured data using vertical partitioning technique, and uses Hadoop MapReduce for distributed computing. These methods enable to reduce disk I/O load, and to avoid computationally-intensive processing, such as grouping and combining of records.
Meshed ground microstrip antennas with low radar cross section

It is proposed that the radar cross section (RCS) of a microstrip antenna can be effectively reduced over a broad frequency band by utilizing a well-designed meshed ground plane. The radiation characteristic of the microstrip antenna is only slightly influenced by cutting slots on the ground plane. The calculated results suggest that the meshed microstrip ground antenna has much lower RCS than the solid ground one over a band 1–18GHz, with a maximum reduction of 15dB, while the radiation performance of the microstrip antenna, such as gain, impedance bandwidth and so on, remains almost the same as that of the solid antenna.
Prescription‐event and other forms of epidemiological monitoring of side‐effects in the UK

The post‐marketing surveillance (PMS) of drugs is necessary because of the limited size of the clinical safety database at the time of marketing. The principal hypothesis‐generating methods of PMS are spontaneous reporting (e.g. the yellow card) and Prescription Event Monitoring. These methods are discussed in this chapter and certain basic pharmacoepidemiological issues that are relevant are briefly reviewed.
GES-13, a β-Lactamase Variant Possessing Lys-104 and Asn-170 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT GES-13 β-lactamase, a novel GES variant possessing Lys-104 and Asn-170, was identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. blaGES-13 was the single gene cassette of a class 1 integron probably located in the chromosome. GES-13 efficiently hydrolyzed broad-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. Imipenem was a potent inhibitor of GES-13 but was not hydrolyzed at measurable rates.
Global optimization of precoder for multi-antenna secure cognitive radios with finite-alphabet inputs and statistical CSI

This paper considers the precoder optimization for secure cognitive radios. Different from existing works, we consider multiple antennas at each node, instead of assuming only particular node/nodes having multiple antennas; we use finite-alphabet inputs as the signaling, instead of ideal Gaussian-input assumption; we exploit statistical channel state information (CSI), instead of instantaneous CSI at the transmitter. We maximize the secrecy rate of the secondary user, while controlling the transmit power and the power leakage to primary receivers that share the same frequency spectrum. We reformulate the precoder design problem and propose a branch-and-bound based algorithm, which provides a solution asymptotically converging to the global maximum of the secrecy rate. We illustrate the tradeoff between the performance and complexity of the proposed algorithm and demonstrate the performance gains comparing with other approaches.