Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Universities and enterprise education: responding to the challenges of the new era.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest that the international financial and economic crisis in 2008 produced a new economic era with significant implications for enterprise and entrepreneurship education. It aims to explore the changing influences on entrepreneurship education and learning, what is the new era in entrepreneurship, the consequences of changing economic, social and cultural movements, and how entrepreneurship education and learning can respond to these challenges.Design/methodology/approach – The research approach is informed by practitioner‐based educational enquiry, reflective practice and research, education and participation with groups of universities, educators, students, entrepreneurs and other groups during the economic crisis.Findings – The paper proposes that the nature of entrepreneurship is changing in response to social and cultural movements in the new economic era. Ethical and environmental concerns are creating a discourse of responsible entrepreneurship informed .
Navigating Uncharted Territory: Experiences of Families when a Child is Dying

In this grounded theory study, eight families moved through a process of navigating uncharted territory as they lived with their child who was dying from a neurodegenerative illness. The emotions of fear, uncertainty, and grief gave impetus to the process. Families lived much of their lives on Plateaus of relative stability, where they often felt alone and isolated from health care professionals. Periods of instability led to families dropping off the Plateau. Living with a dying child had profound physical, emotional, and financial effects on families. The process was characterized by four dimensions. Parents used strategies within these dimensions to manage the physical, cognitive, and emotional work arising from the situation. These dimensions and strategies were constrained and facilitated by four intervening conditions. In addition, the process occurred within the broader context of the acute, curative health care system and the sociocultural environment. Suggestions for practice and research are offered to assist health care professionals in providing optimal care to these families.
Optimal Investment in a Dual Risk Model

Dual risk models are popular for modeling a venture capital or high-tech company, for which the running cost is deterministic and the profits arrive stochastically over time. Most of the existing literature on dual risk models concentrates on the optimal dividend strategies. In this paper, we propose to study the optimal investment strategy on research and development for the dual risk models to minimize the ruin probability of the underlying company. We will also study the optimization problem when, in addition, the investment in a risky asset is allowed.
Points of Leverage: Maximizing Host Community Benefit from a Regional Surfing Festival

Abstract This research investigates the potential for sport event leverage in the context of a relatively small surfing festival in regional Australia. Chalip's (2004) model for sport event leverage underpinned the study. Event leveraging is a recent phenomenon, with empirical research sparse and limited to mega and hallmark events in large cities. This study develops our understanding of event leverage in a smaller, more regional context. Data came from participant observation, interviews with key stakeholders and documentary evidence. The study reveals the centrality of sport subculture to both immediate and longer-term event leverage. By demonstrating the potential for leverage from a small event in a regional centre, the findings lend empirical weight to Chalip's (2004) theoretical model and suggest the model may be more generally applicable than previously thought. Implications for triple bottom line leverage and sustainability in the sport event context are also drawn.
Effects of feeding aflatoxin-contaminated diets with and without clay to weanling and growing pigs on performance, liver function, and mineral metabolism.

Ninety-six crossbred weanling pigs (36 d of age, initial weight of 8.8 kg) were used in a three-phase study to determine the effects of feeding an aflatoxin-contaminated corn (AC) diet (922 ppb of aflatoxin B1) with and without sodium bentonite (clay) on performance, liver function, and mineral metabolism. In the nursery phase, control corn (NC) or AC was fed in corn-soybean meal diets with and without 1% clay for 6 wk. Compared with NC, AC decreased ADFI and ADG (P < .01) and increased serum activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (P < .01) and alkaline phosphatase (P < .05). In the growing phase, 48 pigs from the nursery phase were fed NC but continued on their respective clay treatments for 5 wk. Pigs previously fed AC had higher (P < .01) ADFI and lower (P < .05) gain/feed, serum Ca, K, and glucose; ADG, other serum values, and liver minerals were not affected by treatments. In the metabolism phase, 24 barrows from the nursery phase were continued on the same corn and clay treatments for two 4-d total collections of urine and feces. Feeding AC increased (P < .05) P and Na absorption. The addition of clay lowered Mg and Na absorption (P < .01) for both AC and NC. Significant interactions for many minerals indicated that the effects on mineral metabolism were more pronounced when AC was fed. Serum and liver mineral concentrations were generally unaffected by the treatments in all phases. Feeding clay with AC results in partial restoration of performance and liver function without greatly influencing mineral metabolism.
Numerical simulation model of hyperacute/acute stage white matter infarction.

PURPOSE Although previous studies have revealed the mechanisms of changes in diffusivity (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]) in acute brain infarction, changes in diffusion anisotropy (fractional anisotropy [FA]) in white matter have not been examined. We hypothesized that membrane permeability as well as axonal swelling play important roles, and we therefore constructed a simulation model using random walk simulation to replicate the diffusion of water molecules. MATERIALS AND METHODS We implemented a numerical diffusion simulation model of normal and infarcted human brains using C++ language. We constructed this 2-pool model using simple tubes aligned in a single direction. Random walk simulation diffused water. Axon diameters and membrane permeability were then altered in step-wise fashion. To estimate the effects of axonal swelling, axon diameters were changed from 6 to 10 microm. Membrane permeability was altered from 0% to 40%. Finally, both elements were combined to explain increasing FA in the hyperacute stage of white matter infarction. RESULTS The simulation demonstrated that simple water shift into the intracellular space reduces ADC and increases FA, but not to the extent expected from actual human cases (ADC approximately 50%; FA approximately +20%). Similarly, membrane permeability alone was insufficient to explain this phenomenon. However, a combination of both factors successfully replicated changes in diffusivity indices. CONCLUSION Both axonal swelling and reduced membrane permeability appear important in explaining changes in ADC and FA based on eigenvalues in hyperacute-stage white matter infarction.
Silica exposure among male current smokers is associated with a high risk of developing ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis

Objective To study the association between silica exposure, separately as well as combined with smoking, and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with or without the presence of antibodies against citrullinated peptide antigens (ACPA). Methods This Swedish population based case–control study analysed 577 incident RA cases and 659 randomly selected controls, all men aged 18–70 years, included during May 1996 to May 2006. Self-reported silica exposure, defined as exposure to stone dust, rock drilling or stone crushing and cigarette smoking was registered. ACPA status among cases was analysed. Results Silica-exposed subjects were found to have a moderately increased risk of ACPA-positive RA (odds ratio (OR) adjusted for age and residency=1.67 (95% CI 1.13 to 2.48), but not of ACPA-negative RA (OR=0.98 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.66)), compared with subjects unexposed to silica. Subjects exposed to rock drilling were found to have a somewhat more markedly increased risk of ACPA-positive RA (OR=2.34 (95% CI 1.17 to 4.68)). A high risk of developing ACPA-positive RA was observed among silica-exposed current smokers (OR=7.36 (95% CI 3.31 to 16.38)), exceeding the risk expected from the separate effects of silica exposure and current smoking, indicating an interaction between these exposures (attributable proportion due to interaction=0.60 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.95)). Conclusion Silica exposure combined with smoking among men is associated with an increased risk of developing ACPA-positive RA. These results suggest that different inhalation exposures may interact in the aetiology of ACPA-positive RA.
In vivo response of hepatocytes to growth factors requires an initial priming stimulus

Although growth factor effects have been studied in cultured hepatocytes, little information exists as to whether these factors can trigger hepatocyte replication in vivo. In this study we infused epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor‐α and hepatocyte growth factor directly into the portal vein of rats for 24 hr to see whether they could induce DNA synthesis in normal livers or in livers subjected to one‐third hepatectomy. Infusion of transforming growth factor‐α or epidermal growth factor at doses up to 80 μg/24 hr had little effect on hepatic DNA synthesis in normal liver, whereas the monomeric and heterodimeric forms of hepatocyte growth factor generally produced increases of less than threefold in hepatic DNA synthesis. In contrast, after one‐third hepatectomy infusion of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor‐α or hepatocyte growth factor produced dose‐dependent increases in hepatic DNA synthesis. At a dose of 40 μg/24 hr, epidermal growth factor increased DNA synthesis threefold, whereas transforming growth factor‐α or hepatocyte growth factor increased DNA synthesis to greater than six times that in rats that had undergone hepatectomy alone. Furthermore, infusion of these growth factors, with or without one third‐hepatectomy, induced the expression of transforming growth factor‐α mRNA in the liver. The pattern of protooncogene expression induced by one‐third hepatectomy was studied to determine the effect of this procedure in sensitizing the liver to the growth factors. Compared with the well‐characterized two‐thirds hepatectomy system, there was a similar but smaller increase in c‐myc expression but no induction of c‐jun expression. The results suggest that a small functional deficit in the liver that by itself causes little DNA synthesis “primes” hepatocytes for replication and that the loss of liver mass and growth factor infusions complement each other by providing essential stimuli needed for DNA synthesis. (Hepatology 1994;14:489–497).
Proteomics of plaques and novel sources of potential biomarkers for atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and loss of productive life years in the world. The underlying syndrome of CVD, atherosclerosis, is a complex disease process, which involves lipid metabolism, inflammation, innate and adaptive immunity, and many other pathophysiological aspects. Furthermore, CVD is influenced by genetic as well as environmental factors. Early detection of CVD and identification of patients at risk are crucial to reduce the burden of disease and to allow personalized treatment. As established risk factors fail to accurately predict which part of the population is likely to suffer from the disease, novel biomarkers are urgently needed. Proteomics can play a significant role in identifying these biomarkers. In this review, we describe the progress made in proteome profiling of the atherosclerotic plaque and several novel sources of potential biomarkers, including circulating cells and plasma extracellular vesicles. The importance of longitudinal biobanking in biomarker discovery is highlighted and exemplified by several plaque proteins identified in the biobank study Athero‐Express. Finally, we discuss the PTMs of proteins that are involved in atherosclerosis, which may become one of the foci in the ongoing quest for biomarkers through proteomics of plaque and other matrices relevant to the progression of atherosclerosis.
Les assurances à la Conférence des Nations Unies sur le Commerce et le Développement

L'activite des assureurs de la region riche du globe dans les pays en voie de developpement, au temps ou ces pays etaient encore des colonies, faisait partie de cette categorie de services qui etaient etrangers aux structures econo miques de ces pays (artisanat ou petites unites de production rurale ou indus trielle) ou a leur organisation sociale (cellule familiale solidement implantee). Les assurances etaient normalement rattachees aux methodes de production et aux formes de societe importees des anciennes metropoles, et ce n'est que lorsque les structures economiques et sociales des pays en cause se sont modifiees, en adoptant les modeles imposes par un monde capitaliste et indus trialise, que les assurances sont devenues des operations fondamentales dans la vie economique et sociale des anciennes colonies et une condition indispen sable a leur progres. L'industrie des assurances est, par ailleurs, vite apparue comme un agent financier susceptible de stimuler et controler un vaste volume d'investissements. Pourtant, il a continue a etre largement exploite par les compagnies qui s'y etaient installees a l'epoque de la colonisation, et c'est un secteur qui reste domine, plus que beaucoup d'autres, par des interets etrangers. Il est vrai, cependant, que quelques efforts ont ete entrepris ici et la a la creation d'une industrie nationale d'assurances appelee a satisfaire la demande interieure. Ces efforts ont ete generalement couronnes de succes, mais meme dans ces cas il en est souvent resulte une structure telle de l'offre des assurances qu'elle reste en grande partie dependante de la reassurance etrangere, de sorte que l'autonomie dans ce domaine est plus apparente que reelle. Dans
Smarter elder care? A cost-effectiveness analysis of implementing technology in elder care

Whereas in most sectors, technology has taken over trivial and labour consuming tasks, this transformation has been delayed in the healthcare sector. Although appropriate technology is available, there is general resistance to substituting ‘warm’ hands with ‘cold’ technology. In the future, this may change as the number of elderly people increases relative to the people in the work force. In combination with an increasing demand for healthcare services, there are calls for efforts to increase productivity in the sector. Based on experience data from previous studies on information and communication technology efforts in the healthcare sector, we quantitatively assess the use of smart house technology and video visits in home care. Having identified healthcare providers, hospitals and relatives as the main affected groups, we show that smart house technology is cost-effective, even if only relatives gain from it. Video visits, which have higher implementation costs, demand effects on both relatives and health care providers in order to be a cost-effective tool in home care. As the analysis is purely quantitative, these results need to be complemented with qualitative effects and with more thorough discussions of the ethical, medical and legal aspects of the use of technology in home care.
Different network coding techniques for multihop Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communication in next generation smart environment

A typical intelligent factory, a smart home or a smart city consists of several nodes or machines. In a typical Machine to Machine Communication mode (M2M), each machine senses some information (pressure, temperature, presence of person, etc.) and then communicates this information to other machines. This communication could be unicast or multicast depending on the application. Further, the destination node of the M2M communication is many-a-times not in the direct communication range. In the presence of tens and hundreds of machines forming a network, it is essential to have an efficient communication mechanism for multihop multicast transmission between different machines. This paper proposes a network coding (NC) based multihop multicast communication for different topologies - butterfly, flattened butterfly, hypercube and folded-clos model. It is observed that random linear network coding (RLNC) technique outperforms best routing protocol for different topologies, by requiring less time for data transmission, reducing the time required by upto 50%, depending on the model. Further, in order to improve the performance of network coding for M2M in a disconnected network; an integrated network coding and routing approach is proposed and evaluated. It is observed that such an integrated mechanism requires upto 25% less time than pure routing and upto 10% less time than required by RLNC.
Corporate governance and alternative performance measures: evidence from Australian firms

We examine the extent to which individual monitoring mechanisms enhance firm performance and shareholder value. We use a sample of Australian firms, from 1994 to 2003, to analyse the relationship between firm performance and corporate governance. This provides a long time series of governance data by international standards and allows us to study governance–performance dynamics over an extensive period. We use Stern Stewart & Co’s economic value added (EVA) as an alternative performance measure and provide a comparison to Tobin’s Q. However, similar to the international evidence, we do not find a significant relationship between either of the performance measures and corporate governance. Using various econometric techniques we show that our results are also robust to endogeneity biases that can arise in the governance–performance relation.
Phenotypic Changes in Mitochondrion-Rich Cells and Responses of Na+/K+-ATPase in Gills of Tilapia Exposed to Deionized Water

Abstract The aim of this study was to illustrate the phenotypic modification of mitochondrion-rich (MR) cells and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) responses, including relative protein abundance, specific activity, and immunolocalization in gills of euryhaline tilapia exposed to deionized water (DW) for one week. The plasma osmolality was not significantly different between tilapia of the local fresh water (LFW) group and DW group. Remodeling of MR cells occurred in DW-exposed fish. After transfer to DW for one week, the relative percentage of subtype-I (wavy-convex) MR cells with apical size ranging from 3 to 9 μm increased and eventually became the dominant MR cell subtype. In DW tilapia gills, relative percentages of lamellar NKA immunoreactive (NKIR) cells among total NKIR cells increased to 29% and led to significant increases in the number of NKIR cells. In addition, the relative protein abundance and specific activity of NKA were significantly higher in gills of the DW-exposed fish. Our study concluded that tilapia require the development of subtype-I MR cells, the presence of lamellar NKIR cells, and enhancement of NKA protein abundance and activity in gills to deal with the challenge of an ion-deficient environment.
Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Technologies and Implementation Status

Digital broadcasting has been an area of active research, development, innovation and business models development in recent years. This paper presents a survey on the characteristics of the digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB) standards, and implementation status of DTTB worldwide showing the standards adopted. It is clear that only the developed countries and some in the developing ones shall be able to beat the ITU set analogue to digital broadcasting migration deadline because of the challenges that these countries faces in digitizing their terrestrial broadcasting. The challenges to keep on track the DTTB migration plan are also discussed in this paper. They include financial, technology gap, policies alignment with DTTB technology, etc. The reported performance comparisons for the different standards are also presented. The interesting part is that the results for many comparative studies depends to a large extent on the objective behind such studies, hence counter claims are common.
Biochemical Characterization of Dichlorvos‐Induced Delayed Neurotoxicity in Rat

In vitro and in vivo studies were carried out to assess the delayed neurotoxicity potential of dichlorvos. In vitro, dichlorvos caused a concentration and time‐dependent decrease in the activity of neuropathy target esterase (NTE). The Ki of dichlorvos for NTE was calculated to be 1.28 × 103 M‐1 min‐1. In vitro reactivation and ageing studies revealed that dichlorvos‐inhibited NTE became refractory to activation by potassium fluoride after 5 min in the ageing medium, thus indicating the formation of an aged complex between dichlorvos and NTE. In vivo also, dichlorvos (200 mg/kg body wt) given as a single subcutaneous dose inhibited NTE in brain at various intervals after exposure (24 h, 10 days, and 21 days). The delayed neurotoxicity potential of dichlorvos was finally confirmed by the rota rod test, which revealed severe motor deficit in all the exposed animals.
Motion Analysis in Delirium: A Novel Method of Clarifying Motoric Subtypes

The usefulness of motor subtypes of delirium is unclear due to inconsistency in subtyping methods and a lack of validation with objective measures of motor activity levels. We studied patients with hyperactive, hypoactive, and mixed presentations of delirium were studied with 24-h accelerometer-based monitoring. The procedures were well tolerated and motor presentations were readily distinguished using the accelerometer-based measurements. The system was capable of identifying static versus dynamic activity and the frequency of changes in posture. Electronic motion analysis concurs with observed gross movement and can distinguish motorically defined subtypes according to quantitative and qualitative aspects of movement.
Burst Unidirectional Error-Detecting Codes

Systematic codes capable of detecting burst unidrectional errors of length up to 2r−1using r check bits where r ≥ 3 are presented. Moreover, b-adjacent unidirectional error-detecting codes using [log2(b + 1)] check bits are also described. These codes are shown to be optimal or near optimal. The encoding/decoding and the totally self- checking checker design methods for these codes are also given.
Commercial legislation and the emergence of corporate auditing in France, 1856–1935

Enacted in 1856, the Joint-Stock Limited Partnerships Act was the first legislation in France to require joint-stock companies to establish a stewardship mechanism, the so called ‘conseil de surveillance’. Subsequent legislation passed in 1867 partially harmonised the auditing regime for all joint-stock companies until the Decree Law of 1935 strengthened it even further. The creation of new audit and stewardship and monitoring mechanisms within companies was the subject of debate among a number of interested groups including elected officials, entrepreneurs, jurists and the courts. The study demonstrates that, as well as being technical disciplines, accounting and auditing represent a space for social conflict, where their functioning is called into question in the context of political change, financial scandals and ideological shifts.