Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-MOSFET–controlled half bridge AC–AC converter for induction heating application

ABSTRACT This article proposes a multi-MOSFET–controlled AC–AC half bridge converter for induction heating application. Here, the utility frequency is converted to high-frequency supply with the PWM technique without any DC stage. The forward voltage drop and the power loss are reduced to the maximum by inclusion of AC–AC resonant converter in the circuit for the induction heating application. The proposed converter is simulated with PID controller, fuzzy controller and hybrid controller. The simulation focuses on the performance index parameters such as efficiency, power factor, settling time and THD.
Schottky diode parameters extraction using two different methods

In the present study, we determine exact analytical expression of the current flow through a Schottky barrier diode as a function of the input voltage. The Schottky diode is modeled by an electronic circuit containing four physical parameters: a series resistance Rs, a shunt resistance Rsh, a Schottky diode reverse saturation current Is and a Schottky diode ideality factor η. Firstly, we solve the characteristic equation and determine the analytical expression of the input current I as a function of the input voltage of the Schottky diode V using the LambertW Function. Secondly, We present two different methods to extract the four physical parameters appearing in the electronic circuit. These methods are applied for two junctions: Iridium-Silicon Carbide Schottky barrier diode at 200K and Gold-Gallium Arsenide at 300K. Finally, we compare the results obtained via the two methods presented.
Neural crest cell migration: requirements for exogenous fibronectin and high cell density

Cells of the neural crest participate in a major class of cell migratory events during embryonic development. From indirect evidence, it has been suggested that fibronectin (FN) might be involved in these events. We have directly tested the role of FN in neural crest cell adhesion and migration using several in vitro model systems. Avian trunk neural crest cells adhered readily to purified plasma FN substrates and to extracellular matrices containing cellular FN. Their adhesion was inhibited by antibodies to a cell-binding fragment of FN. In contrast, these cells did not adhere to glass, type I collagen, or to bovine serum albumin in the absence of FN. Neural crest cell adhesion to laminin (LN) was significantly less than to FN; however, culturing of crest cells under conditions producing an epithelioid phenotype resulted in cells that could bind equally as well to LN as to FN. The migration of neural crest cells appeared to depend on both the substrate and the extent of cell interactions. Cells migrated substantially more rapidly on FN than on LN or type I collagen substrates; if provided a choice between stripes of FN and glass or LN, cells migrated preferentially on the FN. Migration was inhibited by antibodies against the cell-binding region of FN, and the inhibition could be reversed by a subsequent addition of exogenous FN. However, the migration on FN was random and displayed little persistence of direction unless cells were at high densities that permitted frequent contacts. The in vitro rate of migration of cells on FN-containing matrices was 50 microns/h, similar to their migration rates along the narrow regions of FN-containing extracellular matrix in migratory pathways in vivo. These results indicate that FN is important for neural crest cell adhesion and migration and that the high cell densities of neural crest cells in the transient, narrow migratory pathways found in the embryo are necessary for effective directional migration.
The Effects of the Determinants of Women's Movement Into and Out of Male-dominated Occupations on Occupational Sex Segregation.

Although occupational sex segregation has decreased over the last 25 years, it is still a major social concern primarily because of the role it plays in perpetuating the gender wage gap. This paper uses data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, a study that followed a random sample of 10,317 high school graduates, to assess the determinants of women's movement into and out of male-dominated occupations. In this study, the gender type of occupations changes with time; that is, the shifting gender compositions of occupation categories from 1960 to 1990 is taken into account. Event history analysis is used to ascertain the relative risk of a woman's entering and leaving a male-dominated occupation. The hazard rates are then used to project the change expected in the overall distribution of women in male-dominated and nonmale-dominated occupations, and periods out of the labor force, over time. The analysis evaluated gender role socialization and neoclassical economic theories of occupational sex segregation by including a number of covariates that measure background characteristics and the timing of life course events of the woman, characteristics of jobs the woman enters over her career, and indicators of opportunity in the local labor market. The results show support for sex role socialization as an explanation for women's movement into sex-atypical occupations, and show that having aspirations for a male occupation, in particular, is associated with increases in the percentage of women employed in male-dominated occupations over time. Neither neoclassical economic theories nor demand-side theories are well-supported. These results are compared with those of J. A. Jacobs (1989), and it is concluded that sex role socialization is important in perpetuating occupational sex segregation. (Contains 7 tables, 6 figures, and 45 references.) (Author/SLD) Center for Demography and Ecology University of Wisconsin-Madison The Effects of the Determinants of Women's Movement Into and Out of Male-dominated Occupations on Occupational Sex Segregation U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Xl This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Pointe of view or opinions states in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Jennifer T. Sheridan CDE Working Paper No. 97-07 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY cienni L5-Aeratzr) UnN o F 1th ,5io-ii/c) C06 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)
Thermodynamics with density and temperature dependent particle masses and properties of bulk strange quark matter and strangelets

Thermodynamic formulas for investigating systems with density- and/or temperature-dependent particle masses are generally derived from the fundamental derivation equality of thermodynamics. Various problems in the previous treatments are discussed and modified. Properties of strange quark matter in bulk and strangelets at both zero and finite temperature are then calculated based on the new thermodynamic formulas with a new quark mass scaling, which indicates that low-mass strangelets near {beta} equilibrium are multiquark states with an antistrange quark, such as the pentaquark (u{sup 2}d{sup 2}s) for baryon number 1 and the octaquark (u{sup 4}d{sup 3}s) for dibaryon, etc.
Diffraction of phase conjugate material in a new HMD architecture

Conventional head-mounted displays (HMDs) consisting of a pair of miniature projection lenses, beam splitters, and miniature displays mounted on the helmet, as well as phase conjugate material placed strategically in the environment have been redesigned to integrate the phase-conjugate material into a complete see-through embodiment. Some initial efforts of demonstrating the concept was followed by an investigation of the diffraction effects versus image degradation caused by integrating the phase-conjugate material internally in the HMD. The key contribution of this paper lies in the conception, and assessment of a novel see-through HMD. Finally, the diffraction efficiency of the phase-conjugate material is evaluated, and the overall performance of the optics is assessed in both object space for the optical designer and visual space for possible users for this technology.
The MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric view of the plasma proteome and peptidome.

BACKGROUND Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and the related technique, surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI)-TOF MS, are being applied widely to analyze serum or plasma specimens for potential disease markers. METHODS Reports on the basic principles and applications of MALDI-TOF MS were reviewed and related to information on abundance and masses of major plasma proteins. OUTCOMES MALDI-TOF MS is a particle-counting method that responds to molar abundance, and ranking of plasma proteins by molar abundance increases the rank of small proteins relative to traditional ranking by mass abundance. Detectors for MALDI-TOF MS augment the bias for detecting smaller components by yielding stronger signals for an equivalent number of small vs large ions. Consequently, MALDI-TOF MS is a powerful tool for surveying small proteins and peptides comprising the peptidome or fragmentome, opening this new realm for analysis. It is complementary to techniques such as electrophoresis and HPLC, which have a bias for detecting larger molecules. Virtually all of the potential markers identified by MALDI-TOF MS to date represent forms of the most abundant plasma proteins. CONCLUSIONS Analyses of serum or plasma by MALDI-TOF MS provide new information mainly about small proteins and peptides with high molar abundance. The spectrum of observed proteins and peptides suggests value for applications such as assessment of cardiovascular risk, nutritional status, liver injury, kidney failure, and systemic immune responses rather than early detection of cancer. Extending analysis by MALDI-TOF MS to lower abundance components, such as markers for early-stage cancers, probably will require more extensive specimen fractionation before analysis.
The transfer-function approach to travelling waves in path graphs

The paper presents a novel approach for the analysis and control of distributed systems with an underlying path-graph topology based on the so-called wave-based control perspective. With the help of irrational wave transfer functions, the approach allows us to identify and describe the travelling waves in heterogenous path graphs. The main advantage of this approach is that it shows how a change in a system’s state propagates along the graph and how it is affected by graph heterogeneities. A graph heterogeneity acts as a boundary for wave propagation. Undesired effects of the boundary, such as amplification/attenuation, long transient or string instability, can be compensated by the feedback controllers introduced in this paper. Two types of path-graph boundaries, the soft and hard boundaries, are mathematically investigated. The type of the boundary determines the character of wave propagation in a heterogenous path graph. Each boundary is described by four boundary transfer functions, expressed in terms of the wave transfer functions. The properties of the boundary transfer functions are influenced by those of the wave transfer functions, for instance, the boundedness of the DC gains.
An Overview about Criticalities in the Modelling of Multi-Sector and Multi-Energy Systems

The urgent need for the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions requires efficient and integrated energy communities in order to decrease final energy demand and sustain energy transitions towards renewable energy sources (RES). This introduces a big research challenge for future energy systems design and optimization, given the multi-level and inter-sectorial dimensions of the problem. Buildings cover a central role in this context, because they represent the nexus between different energy carrier networks. The study of the management of multi-sector and multi-energy systems presents several challenges, such as the need to take into account uncertainties, to represent the heterogeneity of the energy demand and the scalability of the problem. This paper aims at outlining such a framework, and at showing the state-of-the-art nature of the above-mentioned challenges.
The side population cells in the rabbit limbus sensitively increased in response to the central cornea wounding.

PURPOSE Side population (SP) cells are known to reside in the limbus as putative corneal epithelial stem cells. This study was performed to demonstrate the presence and the characteristics of SP cells in the rabbit limbal epithelium and explore their sensitivity in response to the central cornea wounding. METHODS To sort out the SP cells, freshly isolated rabbit limbal and central corneal epithelial cells were subjected to Hoechst 33342 dye efflux assay. For characterization of the sorted SP cells, RT-PCR analysis, semi-dry three-dimensional (3-D) cell culture, and transplantation in nude mice were performed. To explore wound sensitivity of the limbal SP cells, the rabbit central cornea was wounded by direct contact of a 6-mm paper disk soaked with 1 N NaOH, and changes in the population size of the SP cells and the colony-forming efficiency (CFE) was monitored on days 1, 2, and 5 after wounding. RESULTS The SP cells were present in the rabbit limbal epithelium with an incidence of 0.73% +/- 0.14% (n = 8) and were smaller in cell size than the major population (MP) cells, quiescent in the cell cycle, and in the undifferentiated state. The SP cells were able to regenerate the cornea-like structure with basal enrichment of p63-positive cells by in vitro 3-D culture and in vivo transplantation, all of which were best achieved by the whole population (WP) of cells comprising SP and MP cells. After central cornea wounding, this rare population of the limbal SP cells increased in size fivefold on day 1 and then decreased on day 2. The transient increase in the SP cells was subsequently followed by the propagation of an increase in CFE in the limbal MP cells on day 2 and then in the corneal MP cells on day 5. In the hematopoietic colony-forming assay, the limbal SP cells gave approximately eightfold higher CFU than the limbal MP cells. CONCLUSIONS The SP cells identified in the rabbit limbus are an undifferentiated and noncycling rare epithelial cell population, which sensitively respond to the central cornea wounding by their transient increase in the population size.
Florida Apraxia Battery–Extended and Revised Sydney (FABERS): Design, description, and a healthy control sample

There exist few clinical assessments for limb apraxia, a disorder of learned, purposeful action, that enable clinicians to distinguish pathological from normal variance in limb praxis performance. We describe a theoretically motivated, comprehensive assessment battery for limb apraxia and present control comparison scores for 16 older healthy normal individuals on subtests designed to distinguish the integrity of components of the praxis system.
Direct numerical simulation of flow in stenotic channel to understand the effect of stenotic morphology on turbulence

A fundamental fluid dynamics study has been performed in order to understand the effect of shape of blockage in a stenotic channel on turbulence flow characteristics using direct numerical simulation (DNS) as a tool. DNS has been performed for four canonical types with identical degree of blockage (stenosis) but with varied morphological forms. The results revealed large-scale and small-scale features of the flow represented by the root mean square (rms) of velocity and vorticity statistics are type-dependent. The turbulent structures exhibited characteristic structures and mechanics very specific to the type of blockage. The analysis indicates that for given degree of stenosis, the turbulence characteristics are significantly dependent on the morphology of the blockage, and hence to quantify turbulence flow characteristics in stenosed channel, the stenosis shape is an important metric that needs to be considered. The results of this study are directly relevant to the flow dynamics in diseased stenotic coronary artery, in the context of the importance of stenotic morphology in addition to the height of the stenosis as an important indicator for the prediction of the flow dynamics in diseased coronary artery.
A Discriminative Model for Polyphonic Piano Transcription

We present a discriminative model for polyphonic piano transcription. Support vector machines trained on spectral features are used to classify frame-level note instances. The classifier outputs are temporally constrained via hidden Markov models, and the proposed system is used to transcribe both synthesized and real piano recordings. A frame-level transcription accuracy of 68% was achieved on a newly generated test set, and direct comparisons to previous approaches are provided.
Translation Limits Synthesis of an Assembly-Initiating Coat Protein of Filamentous Phage IKe

ABSTRACT Translation is shown to be downregulated sharply between genes V and VII of IKe, a filamentous bacteriophage classed with the Ff group (phages f1, M13, and fd) but having only 55% DNA sequence identity to it. Genes V and VII encode the following proteins which are used in very different amounts: pV, used to coat the large number of viral DNA molecules prior to assembly, and pVII, used to serve as a cap with pIX in 3 to 5 copies on the end of the phage particle that emerges first from Escherichia coli. The genes are immediately adjacent to each other and are represented in the same amounts on the Ff and IKe mRNAs. Ff gene VII has an initiation site that lacks detectable intrinsic activity yet through coupling is translated at a level 10-fold lower than that of upstream gene V. The experiments reported reveal that by contrast, the IKe gene VII initiation site had detectable activity but was coupled only marginally to upstream translation. The IKe gene V and VII initiation sites both showed higher activities than the Ff sites, but the drop in translation at the IKe V-VII junction was unexpectedly severe, ∼75-fold. As a result, gene VII is translated at similarly low levels in IKe- and Ff-infected hosts, suggesting that selection to limit its expression has occurred.
Too tall for the tape: the weight of schoolchildren who do not fit the Broselow tape

Background In paediatric resuscitation, for a rapid and accurate estimate of children's weight, the Broselow tape can be used in children who are 46–144 cm tall. The Broselow tape has previously been found to provide the most accurate estimate of children's weight internationally, but it is not known how many fall outside the range of the tape, or whether such children can be assumed to be of adult weight, or how otherwise to estimate the weight of these children. Objectives To determine what proportion of children in different age groups falls outside the limits of the Broselow tape, how their weight compares with that of the adults and what correlates most strongly with weight in these children. Methods This was a population-based prospective observational study of Chinese children up to 12 years old, from schools in Hong Kong. Weight was measured to the nearest 0.2 kg, and the height, foot-length and mid-arm circumference (MAC) were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm. Results 40% of 10-year olds and 70% of 11-year olds were too tall for the tape. Their median weight was 41.9 kg. This was significantly less than the median weight of 18-year olds (55 kg, p<0.0001) in Hong Kong. The strongest correlate with weight in these children was MAC. Conclusions The Broselow tape is inappropriate for use in most children over 10 years old. Children too tall for the tape cannot be assumed to be of adult weight; to do so would imply an average overestimate of 30%. Weight estimates in older children could be based on MAC.
Experiences on Parallel Visualization of Volume DatasetsD

This paper describes the work undertaken by our group on RT{based and projective{based parallel algorithms for direct volume visualization. It introduces the reader to direct visualization techniques and describes the parallel solutions we have designed to increase the interactivity of volume rendering. Image synthesis time is a critical issue for volume rendering techniques, because the practical every day use of visualization as an analytical tool to understand natural phenomena requires interactive dialogue between the user and the visualization system. We therefore focused our attention on the use of scalable parallel computers and of eecient parallel algorithms to reduce image synthesis times. Three diierent parallel algorithms are presented and discussed in the paper. The rst is a scalable ray tracing algorithm for rendering regular volume data. The second is a Delaunay triangula-tor which builds tetrahedral tessellations from unstructured datasets. The third is a projective{based algorithm to render thetraedra{tessellated volume datasets.
Solvent drag measurement of transcellular and basolateral membrane NaCl reflection coefficient in kidney proximal tubule

The NaCl reflection coefficient in proximal tubule has important implications for the mechanisms of near isosmotic volume reabsorption. A new fluorescence method was developed and applied to measure the transepithelial (sigma NaClTE) and basolateral membrane (sigma NaClcl) NaCl reflection coefficients in the isolated proximal straight tubule from rabbit kidney. For sigma NaClTE measurement, tubules were perfused with buffers containing 0 Cl, the Cl-sensitive fluorescent indicator 6- methoxy-N-[3-sulfopropyl] quinolinium and a Cl-insensitive indicator fluorescein sulfonate, and bathed in buffers of differing cryoscopic osmolalities containing NaCl. The transepithelial Cl gradient along the length of the tubule was measured in the steady state by a quantitative ratio imaging technique. A mathematical model based on the Kedem- Katchalsky equations was developed to calculate the axial profile of [Cl] from tubule geometry, lumen flow, water (Pf) and NaCl (PNaCl) permeabilities, and sigma NaClTE. A fit of experimental results to the model gave PNaCl = (2.25 +/- 0.2) x 10(-5) cm/s and sigma NaClTE = 0.98 +/- 0.03 at 23 degrees C. For measurement of sigma NaClbl, tubule cells were loaded with SPQ in the absence of Cl. NaCl solvent drag was measured from the time course of NaCl influx in response to rapid (less than 1 s) Cl addition to the bath solution. With bath-to-cell cryoscopic osmotic gradients of 0, -60, and +30 mosmol, initial Cl influx was 1.23, 1.10, and 1.25 mM/s; a fit to a mathematical model gave sigma NaClbl = 0.97 +/- 0.04. These results indicate absence of NaCl solvent drag in rabbit proximal tubule. The implications of these findings for water and NaCl movement in proximal tubule are evaluated.
Camera-Clustering for Multi-Resolution 3-D Surface Reconstruction

In this paper we propose a framework for piecewise mesh-based 3D reconstruction from a set of calibrated images. Most of the existing approaches consider all available images at once. However, this is not tractable with very large sets of cameras. Therefore, we use subsets of images and evolve parts of the surface corresponding to those images. Our main contribution is an approach to partition the camera images, either semi-automatic, through clustering, or user guided, via a geometric modeling interface. The sub-parts of the surface corresponding to camera subsets are independently evolved at multiple mesh resolutions. This allows to handle large scenes and to increase the mesh resolution in surface parts containing high levels of detail at reduced memory and computational costs. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach on different data sets and with different camera layouts. Finally, comparing the piecewise and global reconstructions with groundtruth, we find no significant loss in the overall reconstruction quality.