Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foreign direct investment in services and the domestic market for expertise

A growing body of evidence suggests that the close availability of diverse business services is important for economic growth. Producer services such as managerial and engineering consulting can provide specialized knowledge to help domestic firms develop at lower unit cost. But these intermediate services are often nontraded, or costly to trade, which may be one reason that cities and industrial complexes form and economic performance differs across regions. Because services are costly to trade, foreign services are best transferred through foreign direct investment. This has important implications for public policy. Policies that affect foreign direct investment differ considerably from those that affect trade in goods. The authors develop a model of services, results from which show that: A) Liberalizing restraints on inward foreign direct investment has a powerful positive impact on the income and welfare of the importing country. The impact is much stronger than in traditional competitive models of trade in goods. B) Policies to protect domestic skilled labor against competition from imported services can have the perverse effect of lowering returns to domestic skilled labor-because while imported services economize on the use of domestic skilled labor (compared with domestic service industries), the positive effects on scale and productivity in the downstream industry can be powerful enough that the real wages of domestic skilled labor rise after the liberalization of foreign direct investment in service industries. In other words, domestic skilled labor and foreign direct investment are partial-equilibrium substitutes in the model but are typically general-equilibrium complements. C)The increase in the variety of imported services leads to increased total factor productivity in downstream industries, but the relative impact on downstream industries depends on how intensively they use intermediate services. The differential in effects on productivity in the production of final goods can be strong enough that permitting foreign direct investment can actually affect whether a good is exported rather than being imported. Policymakers should be aware that protection of a domestic service industry affects different constituencies differently. Although domestic capital owners may be adversely affected by foreign direct investment, domestic skilled workers in the industry are likely to see demand for their skills-and their real wages-rise. Moreover, downstream industries that use the service unambiguously benefit from foreign direct investment and their expansion can be surprisingly strong.
New Frontiers in Neuropsychological Assessment: Assessing Social Perception Using a Standardised Instrument, The Awareness of Social Inference Test

Many clinical disorders lead to impairments in social perception that are not easily detected using standard neuropsychological instruments. In this article, The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT) is described, and evidence for its reliability and validity is reviewed. TASIT was designed to assess the ability to interpret emotional expressions and paralinguistic cues in order to make judgements about speakers' mental states and their conversational meanings, especially when these diverge from the literal meaning of what they say (as in the case of sarcasm). TASIT has three parts: (1) the Emotion Evaluation Test (six basic emotions); (2) Test of Social Inference (Minimal), assessing the ability to understand emotions, mental states, and conversational inferences in sincere and sarcastic interchanges; and (3) Test of Social Inference (Enriched), assessing comprehension of lies and sarcasm, each with alternate forms for re‐testing. TASIT has adequate test–retest and alternate forms reliability. Evidence for construct validity is derived from its relationship to conventional neuropsychological tests, experimental tests of social perception, and real‐world performance. In addition, research using TASIT to examine deficits in social perception in traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke attest to its sensitivity as a clinical assessment tool.
Robotic Cell Rotation Based on the Minimum Rotation Force

In this paper, a robotic cell rotation method based on the minimum rotation force is presented to adjust oocyte orientation in biological applications. In this method, the minimum rotation force, which can control the rotation angle (RA) of the oocyte quantitatively and generate minimum oocyte deformations, is derived through a force analysis on the oocyte in rotation. To exert this force on the oocyte, the moving trajectories (MT) of the injection micropipette (IM), are determined using mechanical properties of the oocytes. Further, by moving the IM along the designed MT, the rotation force control is achieved. To verify the feasibility of this method, a robotic rotation experiment for batch porcine oocytes are performed. Experimental results demonstrate that this system rotates the oocyte a10t an average speed of 28.6s/cell and with a success rate of 93.3%. More importantly, this method can generate much less oocyte deformations during cell rotation process compared with the manual method, while the average control error of RA in each step is only 1.2° (versus averagely 8.3° in manual operation), which demonstrates that our method can effectively reduce cell deformations and improve control accuracy of the RA. Note to Practitioners - Using an IM to rotate the oocyte is the most popular method to adjust oocyte orientations in many cellular biological applications. To rotate the oocyte precisely and reduce mechanical damages to the oocyte, the rotation force exerted on the oocyte should be estimated and controlled precisely. However, it is a challenging task and has not been resolved well. This paper calculates the minimum rotation force through the force analysis on oocyte and uses it to improve control accuracy of the RA and limit the cell deformations. Using calibrated oocyte mechanical properties, the MT of the IM corresponding to the minimum rotation force is designed. Then, by moving the IM along designed MT, the rotation force control is achieved online. This method does not rely on the force sensors and is realized on traditional micro-operation systems. Coupled with previous works, this method is able to operate batch oocytes one by one. Therefore, it can easily be applied in biological applications and replace manual operations.
Endothelium-Dependent Cerebral Artery Dilation Mediated by TRPA1 and Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels

Although it is well established that changes in endothelial intracellular [Ca2+] regulate endothelium-dependent vasodilatory pathways, the molecular identities of the ion channels responsible for Ca2+ influx in these cells are not clearly defined. The sole member of the ankyrin (A) transient receptor potential (TRP) subfamily, TRPA1, is a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel activated by electrophilic compounds such as acrolein (tear gas), allicin (garlic), and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) (mustard oil). The present study examines the hypothesis that Ca2+ influx via TRPA1 causes endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The effects of TRPA1 activity on vascular tone were examined using isolated, pressurized cerebral arteries. AITC induced concentration-dependent dilation of pressurized vessels with myogenic tone that was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in smooth muscle intracellular [Ca2+]. AITC-induced dilation was attenuated by disruption of the endothelium and when the TRPA1 channel blocker HC-030031 was present in the arterial lumen. TRPA1 channels were found to be present in native endothelial cells, localized to endothelial cell membrane projections proximal to vascular smooth muscle cells. AITC-induced dilation was insensitive to nitric oxide synthase or cyclooxygenase inhibition but was blocked by luminal administration of the small and intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel blockers apamin and TRAM34. BaCl2, a blocker of inwardly rectifying K+ channels, also inhibited AITC-induced dilation. AITC-induced smooth muscle cell hyperpolarization was blocked by apamin and TRAM34. We conclude that Ca2+ influx via endothelial TRPA1 channels elicits vasodilation of cerebral arteries by a mechanism involving endothelial cell Ca2+-activated K+ channels and inwardly rectifying K+ channels in arterial myocytes.
A Parallel Architecture for Koblitz Curve Scalar Multiplications on FPGA Platforms

Elliptic curve scalar multiplication is the central operation in elliptic curve cryptography. The paper presents a parallel architecture to accelerate scalar multiplications on Koblitz curves. The scalar multiplier architecture converts the scalar into τ-NAF representation and processes the zero digits of the scalar in parallel to point additions. Since the conversion from integer to τ-NAF is a time consuming operation, the proposed architecture uses recently developed double lazy reduction algorithm for conversion of scalar. The scalar multiplier processes two consecutive τ-NAF digits in every iteration. This facilitates parallel processing of large number of consecutive zero digits during a single point addition and practically no time is spent for processing the zero digits of the scalar. The proposed techniques are incorporated in a scalar multiplier and validated on Xilinx Virtex IV FPGA. Experimental results show that our architecture in F2163 has the best performance and has the computation time comparable with the fastest known implementation, which uses window based scalar multiplication algorithm.
Gradient Projection Anti-windup Scheme on Constrained Planar LTI Systems

Abstract : The gradient projection anti-windup (GPAW) scheme was recently proposed as an anti-windup method for nonlinear multi-input-multi-output systems/controllers, the solution of which was recognized as a largely open problem in a recent survey paper. This report analyzes the properties of the GPAW scheme applied to an input constrained first order linear time invariant (LTI) system driven by a first order LTI controller where the objective is to regulate the system state about the origin. We show that the GPAW compensated system is in fact a projected dynamical system (PDS), and use results in the PDS literature to assert existence and uniqueness of its solutions. The main result is that the GPAW scheme can only maintain/enlarge the exact region of attraction of the uncompensated system. We illustrate the qualitative weaknesses of some results in establishing true advantages of anti-windup methods, and propose a new paradigm to address the anti-windup problem, where results relative to the uncompensated system are sought.
Coordinates and Bearing of Submerged Sensors Using a Single Mobile Beacon (CSMB)

This paper investigates the problem of localizing submerged sensors and provides a new mechanism to determine the coordinates and bearing of those sensors using only one beacon node. In underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN), precise coordinates of the sensors that actuate or collect data is vital, as data without the knowledge of its actual origin has limited value. Mostly, the multilateration technique is used to determine the location of the sensors with respect to three or more known beacon nodes, besidesincorporated nonlinear distance equations are solved in conventional method whereby degree-of-freedom does not guarantee a unique solution. In this study, a new method of determining the coordinates of submerged sensors with a single mobile beacon has been devised which requires no preinstalled infrastructure or reference point. Moreover, Cayley-Menger determinant and linearized trilateration are used to determine the coordinates of the nodes where none of the nodes have a priori knowledge about its location. Simulation results validate the proposed mathematical model by computing coordinates of sensor nodes with bearing information generating negligible errors
Perfusion imaging by a flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery (Fair) technique: Application to functional brain imaging

Perfusion is a crucial physiological parameter for tissue function. To obtain perfusion‐weighted images and consequently to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF), a newly developed flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) technique was used. Dependency of FAIR signal on inversion times (TI) was examined; signal is predominantly located in large vessels at short TI, whereas it is diffused into gray matter areas at longer TI. CBF of gray matter areas in the human brain is 71 ± 15 SD ml/100 g/min (n = 6). In fMRI studies, micro‐ and macrovessel inflow contributions can be obtained by adjusting TIs. Signal changes in large vessel areas including the scalp were seen during finger opposition at a TI of 0.4 s; however, these were not observed at a longer TI of 1.4 s. To compare with commonly used BOLD and slice selective inversion recovery techniques, FAIR and BOLD images were acquired at the same time during unilateral finger opposition. Generally, activation sites determined by three techniques are consistent. However, activation of some areas can be detected only by FAIR, not by BOLD, suggesting that the oxygen consumption increase couples with the CBF change completely. Relative and absolute CBF changes in the contralateral motor cortex are 53 ± 17% SD (n = 9) and 27 ± 11 SD ml/100 g/min (n = 9), respectively.
Bias from the use of mean-based methods on test scores

Economists regularly regress IQ scores or achievement test scores on covariates, for example to evaluate educational policy. These test scores are ordinal measures, and their distributions can take an arbitrary shape, even though they are often constructed to look normal. The ordinality of test scores makes the use of mean-based methods such as OLS is inappropriate: estimates are not robust to changes in test score estimation assumptions and methods. I simulate the magnitude of robustness problems, and show that in practice, problems with mean-based regression of normally distributed test scores are small. Even so, test score distributions with more exotic shapes will need to be transformed before use.
Learning and Teaching as Communicative Actions: A Mixed-Methods Twitter Study

Our paper examines the design of a course that utilized the real-time information network Twitter to spark reflective thinking and communication based on classroom topics. A major goal was to increase discourse amongst students and enhance learning through encouraging student time on task. The innovation followed guidelines set forth in the Learning and Teaching as Communicative Actions theory to augment student learning experience via more active communication and increased content sharing among students, towards a goal of building a social learning community. In this mixed methods study, we found diverse student perceptions of the use of Twitter; both very positive views of the tool as a means of supporting discourse and those views of the tool having little benefit to student’s own learning. The female students in this study, perceived the tool to significantly more support the social learning community in the interactive environment than did male students. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel. 2011.03. 038
On Guaranteed Smooth Switching for Buffered Crossbar Switches

Scalability considerations drive the evolution of switch design from output queueing to input queueing and further to combined input and crosspoint queueing (CICQ). However, CICQ switches with credit-based flow control face new challenges of scalability and predictability. In this paper, we propose a novel approach of rate-based smoothed switching, and design a CICQ switch called the smoothed buffered crossbar or sBUX. First, the concept of smoothness is developed from two complementary perspectives of covering and spacing, which, commonly known as fairness and jitter, are unified in the same model. Second, a smoothed multiplexer sMUX is designed that allocates bandwidth among competing flows sharing a link and guarantees almost ideal smoothness for each flow. Third, the buffered crossbar sBUX is designed that uses the scheduler sMUX at each input and output, and a two-cell buffer at each crosspoint. It is proved that sBUX guarantees 100% throughput for real-time services and almost ideal smoothness for each flow. Fourth, an on-line bandwidth regulator is designed that periodically estimates bandwidth demand and generates admissible allocations, which enables sBUX to support best-effort services. Simulation shows almost 100% throughput and multi-microsecond average delay. In particular, neither credit-based flow control or speed-up is used, and arbitrary fabric-internal latency is allowed between line cards and the switch core, simplifying the switch implementation.
Assessment and Open-Issues of the Load-Balanced Switching Architecture

High packet switching performance and the potential scalability to a large number of input/output ports, under the admissible traffic assumption, have made Birkhoff-von Neumann load-balanced switch one of the most attractive and promising switch architecture. The focus of this study is on the construction of large number of input/output ports load-balanced switch with very high transmission rate, which is robust enough to better support ever-growing Internet traffic. In this paper, we analyze the state-of-the-art of load-balanced switching while assessing key open issues. We present solutions to some existing problems, specifically to cells re-sequencing in the central and output stages, and the impact on the overall system scalability. A set of new and more complex load-balanced switch architectures will be described in details. This work presents a study of switching behavior with input arrival of variable size packets. The research shows that under certain circumstances the original load-balanced switch will face a critical problem of cells drop in the middle stage buffers, which can lead to unpredictable behavior of the system due to complex variable size packet reassembly at the output stage buffers.
USP-EACH Frequency-based Greedy Attribute Selection for Referring Expressions Generation

Both greedy and domain-oriented REG algorithms have significant strengths but tend to perform poorly according to humanlikeness criteria as measured by, e. g. , Dice scores. In this work we describe an attempt to combine both perspectives into a single attribute selection strategy to be used as part of the Dale & Reiter Incremental algorithm in the REG Challenge 2008, and the results in both Furniture and People domains.
Multi-Frequency Control in a Stand-Alone Multi-Microgrid System Using a Back-To-Back Converter

A stand-alone multi-microgrid (MMG) system can be formed by connecting multiple stand-alone microgrids (MGs). In the stand-alone MMG system where the frequencies of each MG system are different, a back-to-back (BTB) converter can be used for interconnecting the adjacent MG system. The frequency control performance of the MMG system can be improved by designing the suitable controller of the BTB converter. This study proposes a multi-frequency control in the BTB converter to improve the performance of frequency regulation in the MMG system. Autonomous power sharing between each MG system is achieved by using the proposed multi-frequency control. The stand-alone MMG system where two stand-alone MG systems with different nominal frequencies are interconnected using the BTB converter is simulated in this study to show the feasibility of the proposed multi-frequency controller. Each stand-alone MG system consists of an inverter-based distributed generator (DG) that uses a grid-forming converter with a conventional frequency droop controller. The inverter-based DG is responsible for the primary frequency control in each MG system. To show the effectiveness of the proposed multi-frequency control, a comparison study of the multi-frequency control and the single frequency control is presented in this study. Simulation results show that the system stability can be improved by using the proposed multi-frequency controller.
The semantic Knowledge-base of Contemporary Chinese and Its Applications in WSD

The Semantic Knowledge-base of Contemporary Chinese (SKCC) is a large scale Chinese semantic resource developed by the Institute of Computational Linguistics of Peking University. It provides a large amount of semantic information such as semantic hierarchy and collocation features for 66,539 Chinese words and their English counterparts. Its POS and semantic classification represent the latest progress in Chinese linguistics and language engineering. The descriptions of semantic attributes are fairly thorough, comprehensive and authoritative. The paper introduces the outline of SKCC, and indicates that it is effective for word sense disambiguation in MT applications and is likely to be important for general Chinese language processing.
Shadowboxing with Ethnographic Ghosts: A Rejoinder

© 2005 by the Society for the Study of Symbolic Interaction. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press’s Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpress. edu/journals/rights.htm. Direct all correspondence to Loïc Wacquant, Department of Sociology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; e-mail : loic@uclink4.berkeley. edu. Shadowboxing with Ethnographic Ghosts: A Rejoinder
Application of visual saliency and feature extraction algorithm applied in large-scale image classification

In recent years, content-based image retrieval method has attracted the attention of many researchers. With the emergence of large-scale computer vision data set, large-scale image classification is going to become an important challenge in the field of computer vision. The existing image classification algorithms mainly have the following defects: (1) lack of sufficient theoretical basis; (2) lower classification accuracy and larger error; (3) algorithm running time is too long because of large amount of data. In order to solve these problems, we introduce an algorithm based on visual saliency and feature extraction theory. Visual saliency means that intelligent algorithm can mark the significant areas in the picture through the simulation of human visual characteristics, and we can preliminarily screen the large-scale date set in terms of saliency extraction, in order to constitute an initial categories set. Image classification mainly includes three processes, that are feature extraction, computation of image pattern vector, classification. Feature extraction is the key factor that affects the performance of image classification. Comparing to global features of image with blur background, partial occlusion, and illumination changes, local features are mode adaptive. Traditional image classification algorithms only use single feature, thus these methods bring limitations. In this paper, we have a thorough research of image classification methods based on feature combination, and we also propose an algorithm based on multiple feature. At the same time, in order to solve the problem that traditional methods dealing with the whole image in a non-hierarchical way, we introduce the theory of visual saliency detection. The results obviously shows that efficient feature extraction combined with the theory of visual saliency are significant to image classification.