Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serological identification of breast cancer‐related antigens from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae surface display library

A yeast cell surface display technology was used for the isolation and characterization of tumor antigens recognised by autologous or allogeneic breast cancer serum. More than 100 clones recognized by patient serum were isolated using high‐through‐put fluorescence activated cell sorting. Combined serological and sequence analysis confirmed that a number of proteins known to be overexpressed in breast cancer tissue could be detected. A recently identified small breast epithelial mucin almost exclusively expressed in mammary gland tissue was isolated as a mutated protein variant. Subsequent serological analysis using the yeast expression system for the wild‐type and mutant form showed a strong recognition by patient sera, whereas no significant recognition was observed for the respective prokaryotically expressed proteins. The small breast epithelial mucin is present to a large extent in a membrane bound format and might be used for tumor targeting strategies. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors influencing survival after gamma knife radiosurgery for patients with single and multiple brain metastases.

PURPOSE Radiosurgery has been reported to yield high local control rates for brain metastases. However, further work is needed to define which subgroups of patients may benefit from this treatment modality. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed 116 patients who underwent stereotactic radiosurgery for initial management or recurrence of solitary or multiple brain metastases from September 1991 through December 1994 at the University of California, San Francisco. Survival time and time to local-regional failure were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Median survival was 40 weeks from radiosurgery. In multivariate analysis, smaller total tumor volume, absence of extracranial metastases, higher Karnofsky score, and age < or = 70 had a positive effect on survival. In patients initially managed for brain metastases, the addition of whole brain radiotherapy to radiosurgery had no significant effect on survival. Although the presence of multiple metastases was associated with a significantly worse survival rate in patients initially managed with radiosurgery in univariate analysis, it was not as a significant factor in multivariate analysis. An analysis of patients within this series treated with radiosurgery who would have been eligible for Patchell's study on the role of surgery in the treatment of solitary brain metastasis revealed a favorable median survival of 70 weeks. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that radiosurgical treatment of brain metastases results in survival times that compare favorably with the historic experience in patients treated with whole brain radiotherapy alone or with surgical resection. In patients presenting initially with brain metastases, radiosurgery alone may yield survival results equivalent to radiosurgery with whole brain radiotherapy, but intracranial control and quality of life also need to be evaluated. Also, the presence of multiple brain metastases should not be a contraindication for the use of radiosurgery given the good survival achieved with such patients in this series. Each such case should therefore be evaluated based on other factors such as patient's age, Karnofsky score and systemic disease.
Illiberal reformers: Economics as hate

This review article discusses Leonard’s (2016) study of the ideas of an elite group of Progressive economists who flourished in the United States of America between 1885 and the late 1920s. Advising governments through think tanks and regulatory commissions, they advocated labour market policies that combined a racialized approach to immigration, eugenics, Taylorist labour market efficiency and a living wage. Their interest in women’s employment conditions was based on a Darwinian concern to protect mothers of the ‘white’ race. Parallels are drawn with Australia, where, from the turn of the 20th century, industrial tribunals established a male minimum wage designed to support the maternal role, based on similar racial preoccupations and a view that women’s ‘inefficiency’ as workers would protect men from low-wage competitors. United States Progressives, in rejecting laissez-faire economics, espoused instead a role for the state based on a holistic Darwinian sociology of racial contest: an economics of hate. It was not till the 1930s that Keynesianism emerged as an alternative macroeconomic project.
Magnetic Characteristics Model for an 8/6 Switched Reluctance Machine: Analytical Function Approach from Experimental Tests

This paper presents an analytical function approach to determine the flux-linkage characteristics for an 8/6 switched reluctance motor. The design of the proposed model is based on experimental magnetization curves. In order to achieve less expense and time, regarding the simulation and implementation proposes, the model curves are calculated from main parameters normally available or easily measured. Simulation is used to evaluate the model operation. The developed model was experimentally verified and results are presented in this paper.
The Expression of Prostaglandin E Receptors EP2 and EP4 and Their Different Regulation by Lipopolysaccharide in C3H/HeN Peritoneal Macrophages1

The expression and regulation of the PGE receptors, EP2 and EP4, both of which are coupled to the stimulation of adenylate cyclase, were examined in peritoneal resident macrophages from C3H/HeN mice. mRNA expression of EP4 but not EP2 was found in nonstimulated cells, but the latter was induced by medium change alone, and this induction was augmented by LPS. mRNA expression of EP4 was down-regulated by LPS but not by medium change. PGE2 increased the cAMP content of both LPS-treated and nontreated cells. ONO-604, an EP4 agonist, also increased cAMP content in nonstimulated cells and in cells treated with LPS for 3 h, but not for 6 h. Butaprost, an EP2 agonist, was effective only in the cells treated with LPS for 6 h. The inhibitory effects of ONO-604 on TNF-α and IL-12 production were equipotent with PGE2 at any time point, but the inhibitory effects of butaprost were only seen from 14 h after stimulation. PGE2 or dibutyryl cAMP alone, but not butaprost, reduced EP4 expression, and indomethacin reversed the LPS-induced down-regulation of EP4, indicating that the down-regulation of EP4 is mediated by LPS-induced PG synthesis and EP4 activation. Indeed, when we used C3H/HeJ (LPS-hyporesponsive) macrophages, such reduction in EP4 expression was found in the cells treated with PGE2 alone, but not in LPS-treated cells. In contrast, up-regulation of EP2 expression was again observed in LPS-treated C3H/HeJ macrophages. These results suggest that EP4 is involved mainly in the inhibition of cytokine release, and that the gene expression of EP2 and EP4 is differentially regulated during macrophage activation.
Antibiotic‐dependent perturbations of extended spectrum beta‐lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae proteome

Extended spectrum beta‐lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL‐KP) causes life‐threatening infections in susceptible and immuno‐compromised individuals. Because of the emergence of multidrug resistance and tolerance, it is crucial to better understand the mechanisms by which ESBL‐KP can adapt to antibiotic stress. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the global proteome changes occurring in ESBL‐KP in response to sub‐lethal concentrations of the antibiotics doxycycline (DC, bacteriostatic) and streptomycin (SM, bactericidal), which both impair ribosomal synthesis of bacterial proteins. These results represent the greatest experimental coverage of the ESBL‐KP proteome yet described. The 1538 proteins, representing 30% of the 5126 predicted KP gene products were identified from the combined experimental groups. Antibiotic stress resulted in significantly elevated levels of 42 proteins for DC and 55 for SM treatments, whereas 53 proteins were reduced for DC‐ and six for SM‐treated bacteria. Specifically, the ESBL‐KP response to DC was accompanied by the reduced levels of the porins LamB, CirA, FepA, and OmpC. In contrast to DC, the stress response to SM demonstrated a dramatic increase in the peroxidase detoxification pathway proteins PutA, KatG, KatE, and Dps, which prevent harmful hydroxyl radical formation. The results from this proteomic study are important for understanding adaptive responses to antibiotics, and may provide novel targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
The Mutant Plasmacytoma Cell Line S107 Allows the Identification of Distinct Pathways Leading to NF-κB Activation*

Studies on the mechanisms of inducible and constitutive activity of NF-κB transcription factors have been hampered by the lack of appropriate mutant cell lines. We have analyzed the defect in the murine S107 plasmacytoma cell line, which was previously found to lack both constitutive and inducible NF-κB activity. Our analysis shows that these cells bear a specific defect that interferes with NF-κB induction by many diverse stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, UV light, x-rays, and H2O2. This does not however represent a general signal transduction defect, because AP-1 transcription factors are readily induced by the same stimuli. Phosphatase inhibitors such as okadaic acid as well as calyculin A can efficiently induce NF-κB in S107 cells via a pathway apparently insensitive to the radical scavenger pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. Furthermore, MEKK1 a protein kinase supposedly induced by some of the above stimuli, is also capable of activating NF-κB. Interestingly, both the potent physiological inducer of NF-κB TNFα as well as endoplasmic reticulum overload can induce NF-κB via a PDTC sensitive pathway. In all cases, DNA-binding NF-κB complexes are comprised predominantly of p50-RelA heterodimers, and NF-κB activation results in the induction of transiently transfected or resident reporter genes. In summary, these results suggest that the pathways for many NF-κB-inducing stimuli converge at a specific junction, and this pivotal step is mutated in the S107 cell line. Yet there are alternative routes bypassing this critical step that also lead to NF-κB induction. These routes utilized by tumor necrosis factor α and endoplasmic reticulum overload are still intact in this cell line.
Semi-global depth from focus

Reconstructing depth map from a sequence of images with different camera settings, known as Depth from Focus (DFF), has been addressed for decades. However, Classical local methods, e.g., windowed filter, usually produce uncertain estimation in textureless areas and depth discontinuities. Meanwhile, they appear sensitive to filter size and image noise. In this research a semi-global depth from focus approach that considers both the accuracy and robustness is proposed to enforce an adaptive smoothness constraint based on modified Laplacian measure. Firstly an adaptive aggregation strategy is proposed to integrate the local focus measure and then an efficient optimization method, known as scanline optimization, is introduced to approximate the global optimal of depth estimation. To evaluate the effectiveness of this research, experiments on both synthetic and real datasets are performed. The experimental results show that the proposed approach generates more robust and accurate depth maps while preserving depth discontinuities.
The anti‐apoptotic genes Bcl‐XL and Bcl‐2 are over‐expressed and contribute to chemoresistance of non‐proliferating leukaemic CD34+ cells

Summary. In acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), cell kinetic quiescence has been postulated to contribute to drug resistance. As the anti‐apoptotic genes Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐XL have been implicated in cell cycle regulation, we investigated the expression of these genes in non‐proliferating (Q) and proliferating (P) AML and normal CD34+ progenitor cells. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Bcl‐XL and Bcl‐2 were overexpressed in Q versus P AML cells, whereas no difference in Bcl‐XS and Bax expression was found. Furthermore, the Bcl‐XL/XS but not the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio was higher in Q AML compared with normal CD34+ Q cells (P = 0·001). An inverse correlation between Bcl‐2 expression of leukaemic Q cells and their ability to enter the cell cycle was found. Treatment with all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) reduced Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐XL expression in the leukaemic Q cells, and enhanced their chemosensitivity to cytosine arabinoside (ara‐C). These findings demonstrate overexpression of the anti‐apoptotic proteins Bcl‐XL and Bcl‐2 in quiescent CD34+ AML cells and suggest their involvement in the chemoresistance. The observed inverse correlation between Bcl‐2 and proliferation suggests a role for Bcl‐2 in the cell cycle regulation of AML. These findings could be used in the development of therapies that selectively induce apoptosis in quiescent leukaemic progenitor cells.
Study on Commitment Schemes of Secure Multi-party Computation

The problem of secure multi-party computation(SMPC) is one of the most fundamental problems in information security. First, we introduce the basic concept of SMPC and four SMPC basic agreement: key distribution,oblivious transfer, bit commitment and zero knowledge proof. Secondly, we separately illustrate commitment schemes commitment transfer protocol, commitment sharing protocol and commitment multiplication protocol. Finally, we present unconditionally secure multi-party computation with a passive adversary, an active adversary, general adversary structures.
Feedback inhibition of the yeast ribosomal protein gene CRY2 is mediated by the nucleotide sequence and secondary structure of CRY2 pre-mRNA

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae CRY1 and CRY2 genes, which encode ribosomal protein rp59, are expressed at a 10:1 ratio in wild-type cells. Deletion or inactivation of CRY1 leads to 5- to 10-fold-increased levels of CRY2 mRNA. Ribosomal protein 59, expressed from either CRY1 or CRY2, represses expression of CRY2 but not CRY1. cis-Acting elements involved in repression of CRY2 were identified by assaying the expression of CRY2-lacZ gene fusions and promoter fusions in CRY1 CRY2 and cry1-delta CRY2 strains. Sequences necessary and sufficient for regulation lie within the transcribed region of CRY2, including the 5' exon and the first 62 nucleotides of the intron. Analysis of CRY2 point mutations corroborates these results and indicates that both the secondary structure and sequence of the regulatory region of CRY2 pre-mRNA are necessary for repression. The regulatory sequence of CRY2 is phylogenetically conserved; a very similar sequence is present in the 5' end of the RP59 gene of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. Wild-type cells contain very low levels of both CRY2 pre-mRNA and CRY2 mRNA. Increased levels of CRY2 pre-mRNA are present in mtr mutants, defective in mRNA transport, and in upf1 mutants, defective in degradation of cytoplasmic RNA, suggesting that in wild-type repressed cells, unspliced CRY2 pre-mRNA is degraded in the cytoplasm. Taken together, these results suggest that feedback regulation of CRY2 occurs posttranscriptionally. A model for coupling ribosome assembly and regulation of ribosomal protein gene expression is proposed.
Predictors and prognostic implications of incident heart failure following the first diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in patients with structurally normal hearts: the Belgrade Atrial Fibrillation Study

Atrial fibrillation (AF) commonly co‐exists with heart failure (HF). The risk factors for and prognostic implications of incident HF development in patients with first‐diagnosed AF and structurally normal hearts are poorly defined. In a cohort of patients with first‐diagnosed AF and structurally normal hearts on baseline echocardiography, we investigated baseline risk factors for the development of incident HF and tested the hypothesis that incident HF was an independent predictor of adverse outcomes during a mean 10‐year follow‐up period.
Up-regulation of prostaglandin EP4 receptor messenger RNA in fetal rabbit skin wound.

BACKGROUND Scar formation and subglottic stenosis often cause health problems in surgical otolaryngology. However, fetal wounds demonstrate scarless healing. The underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. We isolated differentially expressed genes by comparison between nonwounded with wounded skin of fetal and adult rabbits. METHODS Skin incisional wounds were made in fetal (21 to 23 days' gestation) and adult rabbits. Nonwounded and wounded skin were harvested 12 hours after surgery. Total RNA was extracted. By means of messenger RNA differential display, differentially expressed complementary DNA fragments were isolated, cloned, and sequenced. The expressed transcripts were verified by reverse RNA dot blot and semiquantitative reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS One complementary DNA tag that was induced in fetal skin wounds and repressed in adult skin wounds was isolated. The sequence of this complementary DNA (352 base pairs) encodes the messenger RNA for the E-prostanoid (EP) 4 receptor for prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). The truly differential expression of the transcript was confirmed. In normal skin, the EP4 receptor messenger RNA levels were higher in adults than in fetuses. Twelve hours after wounding, the EP4 receptor transcript was remarkably induced in fetal skin wounds but repressed in adult skin wounds. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the differential expression of the EP4 receptor messenger RNA in fetal and adult skin before and 12 hours after wounding. Our results suggest that prostaglandin E(2) is involved in the differential cellular responses and in the regulation of the intracellular signal transduction through its binding to EP4 receptor during fetal wound repair.
Mini FRED and Mother FRED , a Light Seeking Robotic Swarm

The FRED swarm is comprised of five heterogeneous multi sensory robots capable of a small suite of behaviors, designed in the vain of the Pfeifer and Bongard Intelligent and Collective Systems Design Properties and Principles. Two robot types were constructed: mini-FRED and mother-FRED. Four mini-FRED robots, and one mother-FRED were used in five trial runs of five minutes, each. However, it would be possible to change the swarm size without loss of generality with respect to overall swarm behavior. Mini-FRED is a simple robot utilizing two sensors and two actuators attached directly to the NXT mindstorms brick unit that doubles as the robot chassis. Mini-FRED was designed for exploring behavior in search of an energy source (e.g. light), with basic obstacle avoidance mechanisms guided by light and touch sensors placed at the robots front. This robot then communicates its findings to any and all nearby robots through projected sound via speaker port. Mother-FRED is a more complex robot utilizing three spatially distributed microphones and one rotating sonar “head” used for obstacle avoidance. Mother-FRED does not have light sensing capability, but instead listens for directionality of highvolume, high-pitch tones in search of the sub-swarm of miniFRED robots. Clustering of the swarm at or near the primary light source in the environment was seen in all five trial runs. Emergent behavior was observed in both robots, as well as the collective swarm. Mini-FRED exhibited excellent obstacle avoidance through light-sensing alone, and rarely needed its degenerate touch sensing capabilities. Emergence was especially apparent in the mother robot who showed wallfollowing, and spatial centering behavior not designed for in the robot’s construction and programming. The swarm showed light following and clustering behavior as expected, but also exhibited exploratory behavior when the cluster became large enough for the mini-FRED robots to touch one another, sending one or more robots in search of an alternative light source.
Cellular Offloading in Heterogeneous Mobile Networks With D2D Communication Assistance

The next-generation mobile communication system [fifth-generation (5G)] needs to address the challenges stemming from the performance requirements in diverse technical scenarios, such as seamless wide-area coverage, high-capacity hot-spots, and low-power massive connections. It is widely recognized that traditional single-tier cellular network architecture is not adequate to meet these requirements, and thus, the heterogeneous cellular network (HetNet) has been identified as a promising network architecture for 5G. In HetNets, traffic offloading can be exploited to effectively improve network capacity by utilizing complementary network communication techniques. In this paper, we propose a device-to-device (D2D) communication assisted mobile traffic offloading (DATO) scheme, with focus on massive connections for machine type communications (MTC). DATO determines access mode for user equipments (UEs) to offload UEs from macro base stations (MBSs) to small base stations via D2D communications to improve the overall network capacity and mitigate the traffic congestion at MBSs. We formulate the DATO problem as a 0–1 linear programing and prove it to be NP-hard. We resort to dynamic programing to provide the optimal solution, as well as the theoretical performance upper bound of DATO. We develop an efficient algorithm to solve the DATO problem while preserving the optimality by making use of the location relationship of BSs and UEs. We apply our proposed DATO scheme to a series of typical network scenarios to validate its effectiveness. Numerical results reveal that DATO significantly outperforms traditional UE access mode in terms of network capacity and UE energy consumption, which are important to massive MTC.
Bidirectional sparse representations for multi-shot person re-identification

With the development of surveillance cameras, person re-identification has gained much interest, however re-identifying people across cameras remains a challenging problem which not only requires a good feature description but also a reliable matching scheme. Our method can be applied with any feature and focuses on the second requirement. We propose a robust bidirectional sparse coding method that improves simple sparse coding performances. Some recent work have already explored sparse representation for the re-identification task but none has considered the problem from both the probe and the gallery perspectives. We propose a bidirectional sparse representations method which searches for the most likely match for the test element in the gallery set and makes sure that the selected gallery match is indeed closely related to the probe. Extensive experiments on two datasets, CUHK03 and iLIDS-VID, show the effectiveness of our approach.