Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of embedding dimension on complexity measures in identifying Arrhythmia

Entropy measures like Approximate entropy (ApEn) and Sample entropy (SampEn) are well established tools to analyze Heart Rate Variability (HRV) data. Critical parameters involved in these computations namely embedding dimension m and tolerance r are in most cases assumed to be 2 and 0.2*signal SD (standard devaition) respectively. Such assumptions do not work fairly across data sets and thus create misleading results in many cases. Problems with r have been addressed with the advent of newer entropy measures like Permutation entropy (PE), Fuzzy entropy (FuzzyEn) and Distribution entropy (DistEn) that simply eliminate, modify or replace r from calculations. On the other hand, the disadvantage of using a fixed assumed choice of m when such measures are used for data classification is yet to be investigated. The smallest variation in m may effect the extent of information retrieval from HRV data and hence it is extremely important to analyze different possibilities and outcomes of the same. In this study, we scrutinize the behavior of different entropy measures with regard to their classification performance at four different values of embedding dimension i.e., m = 2, 3,4 and 5. Normal and Arrhythmic RR intervals taken at data lengths ranging from 50 to 1000 have been used for the purpose. At any choice of m, DistEn and PE are the best measures to classify Arrhythmic data, whose AUC (Area under the ROC curve) values can go as high as 0.94 and 1 respectively. However PE performance becomes unstable with N for m > 3 (highest Δ being 0.3 at m = 5, Δ being the difference between minimum and maximum AUC). Irrespective of the choice of m, DistEn performance remains the most efficient and stable (highest Δ being only 0.03 at m = 4) for Arrhythmia classification. In the case of all other entropy measures, it is recommended that the value of m be chosen with discretion to ensure stability and efficiency in classification performance.
Introduction: Theory, methodology, and the history of education

This special issue of History of Education is concerned with the ways in which we engage as historians of education with theoretical and methodological problems. It seeks to advance our understanding of theoretical and methodological considerations relating to the history of education. This is an ambitious project. There is a very large range of problems, both ‘theoretical’ and ‘methodological’, that affect the work of historians of education, and the papers in this collection will only be able to touch on a few of these. Nevertheless, in doing so, we believe that they will be able to demonstrate two outstanding issues that are pivotal for the history of education, as for other forms of history. First, they underline the importance of an awareness of theory and methodology in the work of the historian; that these are not optional extras but are integral to the historian’s craft. Second, they suggest that theory and methodology are best considered not as distinct or separate categories, but in their relations with each other. In all of these assertions, we take our cue from the advice of C. Wright Mills in his classic study The Sociological Imagination. With regard to the importance of theory in history, Mills argued that although history was highly theoretical in its very nature, many historians displayed a ‘calm unawareness’ of this that he found impressive but unsettling. According to Mills, the historian cannot avoid interpretation and selection in seeking an understanding of the past, ‘although he may attempt to disclaim it by keeping his interpretations slim and circumspect’. He continued:
Implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Multicenter Prospective Study*

Objective:Ventilator-associated pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia may improve outcomes, but optimal methods to ensure implementation of guidelines in the intensive care unit are unclear. Hence, we determined the effect of educational sessions augmented with reminders, and led by local opinion leaders, as strategies to implement evidence-based ventilator-associated pneumonia guidelines on guideline concordance and ventilator-associated pneumonia rates. Design:Two-year prospective, multicenter, time-series study conducted between June 2007 and December 2009. Setting:Eleven ICUs (ten in Canada, one in the United States); five academic and six community ICUs. Patients:At each site, 30 adult patients mechanically ventilated >48 hrs were enrolled during four data collection periods (baseline, 6, 15, and 24 months). Intervention:Guideline recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia were implemented using a multifaceted intervention (education, reminders, local opinion leaders, and implementation teams) directed toward the entire multidisciplinary ICU team. Clinician exposure to the intervention was assessed at 6, 15, and 24 months after the introduction of this intervention. Measurements and Main Results:The main outcome measure was aggregate concordance with the 14 ventilator-associated pneumonia guideline recommendations. One thousand three hundred twenty patients were enrolled (330 in each study period). Clinician exposure to the multifaceted intervention was high and increased during the study: 86.7%, 93.3%, 95.8%, (p < .001), as did aggregate concordance (mean [SD]): 50.7% (6.1), 54.4% (7.1), 56.2% (5.9), 58.7% (6.7) (p = .007). Over the study period, ventilator-associated pneumonia rates decreased (events/330 patients): 47 (14.2%), 34 (10.3%), 38 (11.5%), 29 (8.8%) (p = .03). Conclusions:A 2-yr multifaceted intervention to enhance ventilator-associated pneumonia guideline uptake was associated with a significant increase in guideline concordance and a reduction in ventilator-associated pneumonia rates.
Me and the dragon: a lyrical engagement with the politics of Chineseness

Abstract Nationalistic songs are not rare in the pop music tradition of Hong Kong: from the anthemic, heroic‐sounding songs as well as sentimental, folkish ballads, generally known as ‘ minzu gequ’, in the 1970s and 1980s, to what I would call the neo‐minzu gequ reinvented in trendier R&B or rap numbers during the turn of the century. For me, a cultural studies student and a cultural producer (lyric writer), the power of minzu gequ lies precisely in its tendency to privilege a particular performance of Chineseness by the tactic of excluding the marginal, be they foreign (mostly imperialistic) enemies or domestic dissidents, as well as the possibility of cultural resistance it offers. In 1980 I sang one; in 2005 I penned one. This essay is an inquiry of how ‘I’ have been dealing with issues of Chineseness through the pop lyrics I have created during the ‘re‐nationalization’ process of Hong Kong. Employing the tactics of writing against the grain and writing with a twist, I try to trouble dominant narratives on Chineseness. A central theme of this essay is to resist simplicity, to resist certain political or ideological attempts to simplify and nullify complexity into certain dominant narratives – by mobilizing the autobiographical ‘I’, in this case, embodied in the duality of cultural studies student‐cum‐producer. An autobiographical approach is adopted as a response to two major issues of cultural studies: the danger of theoreticism and the question ‘What do cultural studies do’. This essay is a chronicle of how I, a lyrical writer, try to write what I have read from cultural studies into a cultural product. It is also an occasion to interpellate me, a cultural studies student, to read the product back into cultural studies.
ON IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OPEN LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS THROUGH TAILORED SUPPORT FOR EXPLORATION

Open learning environments can be beneficial for learning in ways not available in more tutor-controlled systems, because of the active role the learner plays in knowledge acquisition. However, it has been shown that not all learners are proficient in unconstrained exploration, restricting their ability to learn effectively in these environments. In this paper we present the Adaptive Coach for Exploration (ACE), a prototype computational framework that supports active exploration in an open learning environment by providing tailored support to overcome specific student difficulties. ACE provides students with a highly-graphical, exploratory learning environment in the domain of mathematical functions. A Student Model assesses student knowledge and exploratory behaviour using a Bayesian network; ACE's Coach uses this assessment to generate tailored hints that support the exploratory behaviour of those students who would otherwise have trouble learning in an unsupervised environment. After describing ACE's components, we present the promising results of a preliminary user study that gauges the system's effectiveness.
What a marketing survey of part‐time university students reveals about barriers to learning

In this paper, Keith Noble ‐ a doctoral candidate in Education Studies at the University of Ottawa, Canada ‐considers the relationship between the part‐time student and the university. He reports on a survey of students which focused on the marketing principles of price, place, product, personnel and promotion. The findings indicate the importance and extent of the existing barriers which prevent a full opening up of higher education to part‐time students, and suggest a number of ways in which these barriers could be reduced or removed. The paper is based on a presentation made to the Canadian Society for the Study of Higher Education at the University of Windsor in June 1988.
An Energy-efficient Opportunistic Multicast Routing Protocol in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

The paper presents energy-efficiency opportunistic multicast routing protocol (E-OMRP) for the multicast energy consumption minimization problem in mobile wireless sensor networks. The protocol divides the network into grids, so each node determines their own coordinates according to the grid. The nodes only need to know the topology of their own grid, instead of the topology of the entire network. In order to better represent the impact of the movement on transmission, the nodes in the same grid determine the priority in light of the transmission delay factor and expected transmission cost. Then the relay nodes use the opportunistic routing to send messages to the next hop based on the order of priority. When the destinations receive a message from relay nodes, they select the optimal path in accordance with the transmission delay and links cost, and transmission acknowledgement to source along the optimal path selected. After the source has received all the acknowledgements from different destinations, it uses the method of path aggregation to aggregate all optimal paths selected. If all nodes in the current grid transmission messages failure, the neighbor grids are in charge of retransmission. The results of simulation show that, compared with traditional multicast routing, E-OMRP is effective in reducing the consumption of links cost, so that it improves the link reliability and reduces the delay.
Chapter Two 3 " Grafting Capability "

Acquiring high-technology firms to gain access to their capabilities to innovate—that is, capability-based acquisitions—is a strategy that is not easy to achieve. Such capability-based acquisitions require firms to integrate various dispersed knowledge-based resources and thus share knowledge to transfer the capability in question. However, despite the growing number of capability-based acquisitions, an understanding regarding these knowledge sharing processes has remained absent. This study argues that having a grafting capability can be seen as a distinctive knowledge sharing ability of successful firms. The purpose of this research is, therefore, to reveal the building blocks of such a grafting capability to understand how to manage more successful capability-based acquisitions. More specifically, it is argued that prior acquisition experience, acquisition-specific tools and functions, and knowledge management tools and practices function as the building blocks of such a grafting capability.
Health challenges for older women: Some implications for sexual health

The case for looking beyond prejudice and myth at the sexual experiences of both men and women, and at how their experiences are connected to questions of sexual health, is becoming increasingly important as the proportion of the population over 50 continues to expand over the next 50 years. This paper summarizes the findings of a literature review, commissioned by The Pennell Initiative For Women's Health, which looked at how sex and sexuality interacts with common health problems faced by women in the second half of life. It concludes by considering some of the implications for further work in this field.
Advanced Applications

One of the major hazards involved in the application of operational amplifiers is that the user often finds that they oscillate in connections he wishes were stable. An objective of this book is to provide guidance to help circumvent this common pitfall. There are, however, many applications that require a periodic waveform with a controlled frequency, waveshape, and amplitude, and operational amplifiers are frequently used to generate these signals. If a sinusoidal output is required, the conditions that must be satisfied to generate this waveform can be determined from the linear feedback theory presented in earlier chapters. The Wien-bridge corifiguration (Fig. 12.1) is one way to implement a sinusoidal oscillator. The transfer function of the network that connects the output of the amplifier to its noninverting input is (in the absence of loading) V. (s) _ RCs V 0 (s) ~ R 2 Cess + 3RCs + 1 The operational amplifier is connected for a noninverting gain of 3. Com­ bining this gain with Eqn. 12.1 yields for a loop transmission in this positive-feedback system 3RCs C 2 2 L(s) = s 3RCs (12.2) R2Cs + 3RCs + 1 The characteristic equation R 2 C 2 2 3RCs s + 1 I-L(s) = 1-2 3RsR222+1 2 (12.3) R 2 C 2 s + 3RCs + 1 R 2 C 2 s + 3RCs + 1 has imaginary zeros at s = ±(j/RC), and thus the system can sustain constant-amplitude sinusoidal oscillations at a frequency w = 1/RC.
A Case Study of a Lithuanian Foster Family

The authors discuss the problems of children's foster care in Lithuania in the context of European dimensions. The article consists of two parts. The first part presents the main changes in the children's care system in Lithuania. The first part reveals the discussion of the paradigm of children's foster care in both the Western and Lithuanian contexts. The design of the qualitative research into foster families and the data from the case study are presented in the second part. Here the authors also present the results of the case study of a Lithuanian foster family. The results of this research might be interesting and relevant at national and international levels, because countries in transition lack experience in the field of children's care and it could be useful for Western countries.
Growth performance and feed utilization of keureling fish Tor tambra (Cyprinidae) fed formulated diet supplemented with enhanced probiotic.

Background The objective of the present study was to determine the optimum dosage of probiotic in the diet of keureling fish ( Tor tambra) fry. Methods Lactobacillus casei from Yakult® was used as a starter, and enhanced with Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Kaempferia galanga and molasses. The mixture was fermented for 7 days prior to use as probiotic in a formulated diet containing 30% crude protein. Four levels of probiotic dosage; 0 ml kg -1 (control), 5 ml kg -1, 10 ml kg -1 and 15 ml kg -1 were tested in this study. The fish was fed twice a day at 08.00 AM and 06.00 PM at the ration of 5% body weight for 80 days. Results The results showed that growth performance and feed efficiency increased with increasing probiotic dosage in the diet from control (no probiotic) to 10 ml kg -1 of probiotic dosage and then decreased when the dosage was increased up to 15 ml kg -1. Conclusions The best values for all measured parameters were recorded at the dosage of 10 ml kg -1. Therefore, it was concluded that the optimum dosage of enhanced probiotic for T. tambra fry was 10 ml kg -1 of feed.
Preparedness and phobias: Specific evolved associations or a generalized expectancy bias?

Abstract Most phobias are focussed on a small number of fear-inducing stimuli (e.g., snakes, spiders). A review of the evidence supporting biological and cognitive explanations of this uneven distribution of phobias suggests that the readiness with which such stimuli become associated with aversive outcomes arises from biases in the processing of information about threatening stimuli rather than from phylogenetically based associative predispositions or “biological preparedness. ” This cognitive bias, consisting of a heightened expectation of aversive outcomes following fear-relevant stimuli, generates and maintains robust learned associations between them. Some of the features of such stimuli which determine this expectancy bias are estimates of how dangerous they are, the semiotic similarity between them and their aversive outcomes, and the degree of prior fear they elicit. Ontogenetic and cultural factors influence these features of fear-relevant stimuli and are hence important in determining expectancy bias. The available evidence does not exclude the possibility that both expectancy biases and specific evolved predispositions coexist, but the former can explain a number of important findings that the latter cannot.
Medically relevant criteria used in EEG compression for improved post-compression seizure detection

Biomedical signals aid in the diagnosis of different disorders and abnormalities. When targeting lossy compression of such signals, the medically relevant information that lies within the data should maintain its accuracy and thus its reliability. In fact, signal models that are inspired by the biophysical properties of the signals at hand allow for a compression that preserves more naturally the clinically significant features of these signals. In this paper, we illustrate this through the example of EEG signals; more specifically, we analyze three specific lossy EEG compression schemes. These schemes are based on signal models that have different degrees of reliance on signal production and physiological characteristics of EEG. The resilience of these schemes is illustrated through the performance of seizure detection post compression.
Precision Controlled Secrecy Stabilization In Relational Data

The precision control approaches characterize choice predicates precision to parts while the secrecy stabilization is to support the k-anonymity or l-diversity. A SSPPM it will full fill the admittance control and local monitoring of data. Then again, security is accomplished at the premium of exactness of approved data. But In our plan of the previously stated issue we didn’t have key management of data, Bu in this we propose efficient results with authorised user and another hand original data sets will not be present for servers also. And best of our insight, the issue of fulfilling the exactness and requires the data maintains for various parts has not been considered some time recently. The procedures for workload-mindful anonymization for determination predicates have been examined in the writing. Notwithstanding, when delicate data is shared and a Secrecy Stabilization Picket Picket Mechanism (SSPPM) is not set up, an approved client can at present trade off the security of a man prompting with accurate data. In this paper, we propose a precision controlled security safeguarding admittance control structure. That Admittance control components shield delicate data from unapproved clients. This type of approaches are used for data manage on mining with efficient manner, These kind of results produce key for authorised once only .
On the performance of joint linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) filtering and parameter estimation

We consider the problem of LMMSE estimation (such as Wiener and Kalman filtering) in the presence of a number of unknown parameters in the second-order statistics, that need to be estimated also. This well-known joint filtering and parameter estimation problem has numerous applications. It is a hybrid estimation problem in which the signal to be estimated by linear filtering is random, and the unknown parameters are deterministic. As the signal is random, it can also be eliminated, allowing parameter estimation from the marginal distribution of the data. An intriguing question is then the relative performance of joint vs. marginalized parameter estimation. In this paper, we consider jointly Gaussian signal and data and we first provide contributions to Cramer-Rao bounds (CRBs). We characterize the difference between the Hybrid Fisher Information Matrix (HFIM) and the classical marginalized FIM on the one hand, and between the FIM (with CRB asymptotically attained by ML) and the popular Modified FIM (MFIM, inverse of Modified CRB) which is a loose bound. We then investigate three iterative (alternating optimization) joint estimation approaches: Alternating Maximum A Posteriori for Signal and Maximum Likelihood for parameters (AMAPML), which in spite of a better HFIM suffers from inconsistent parameter bias, Expectation-Maximization (EM) which converges to (marginalized) ML (but with AMAPML signal estimate), and Variational Bayes (VB) which yields an improved signal estimate with the parameter estimate asymptotically becoming ML.
3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase: an essential actor in the biosynthesis of cantharidin in the blister beetle Epicauta chinensis Laporte

Cantharidin (C10H12O4) is a monoterpene defensive toxin in insects involved in chemical defence as well as in courtship and mating behaviours. It is relatively well known in the medical literature because of its high anticancer activity and as an effective therapy for molluscum contagiosum. However, little is known about its biosynthesis pathway in vivo, and no enzyme involved in cantharidin biosynthesis has been identified. The purpose of this study was to identify the crucial enzyme that is involved in the biosynthesis of cantharidin. Using the homology cloning method, a 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) gene, the rate‐limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, was cloned from the blister beetle Epicauta chinensis. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and gas chromatography methods revealed that the HMGR transcripts had a positive correlation with cantharidin production in the beetles (R = 0.891). RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of HMGR mRNA expression was achieved by microinjection of a specific double‐stranded RNA with more than 90% RNAi efficiency, and an apparent decrease of cantharidin production was observed. Furthermore, the HMGR mRNA was greatly upregulated by exogenous juvenile hormone III (JH III), and cantharidin production was also raised in males; however, when injecting the JH III with RNAi of HMGR mRNA at the same time, cantharidin production did not rise. These results demonstrate that HMGR is an essential enzyme in cantharidin biosynthesis in the blister beetle E. chinensis, which further verifies previous research results demonstrating that cantharidin is synthesized de novo by the mevalonate pathway in blister beetles.