Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The extension of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to multi-class problems

The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) has been successfully applied to binary-class tasks. However, its extension to multi-class problems has become a difficult task due to some practical issues. Up to now, its generalization work is relatively little and is not considerably ideal. In this paper, a new method is presented to estimate AUC for multi-class problems, which not only can obtain the overall AUC but also care how well each class is separated from others. Thus it is a more desirable measure to examine both the overall and detail performances of classifiers with multi-class problem. Moreover, the developed measure is independent on class distributions, which is the singular merit of the standard AUC with binary class task. As a case study, in terms of the developed measure we evaluated three different classification algorithms (NaiveBayes, KNN(5) and C4.5) on the 18 multi-class datasets.
Bioenergy Intensity and Its Determinants in European Continental Countries: Evidence Using GMM Estimation

This study contributes to the existing literature by examining bioenergy intensity and its related factors in European continental countries (ECC). Through its focus on European continental (EC), this study extends the existing literature, which mainly covers nationwide studies. The current paper aims to investigate the variables of bioenergy intensity in the ECC during the term 2005–2013, construct its economic variables, and evaluate the volume and significance level of the impact of each variable on bioenergy intensity. To successfully achieve this analysis, a generalised method of moments estimator (GMM) was designed for ECC. The estimated models show that available bioenergy for final consumption has a positive impact on bioenergy intensity in ECC. The largest influence on bioenergy intensity was evaluated for the annual growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), followed by the investment and referral that the scale and construction of this economic variable should be taken into consideration and applied as a precious bioenergy regulation and policy instruments for developing bioenergy intensity and efficiency.
Agent-based pricing determination for cloud services in multi-tenant environment

Cloud computing acts as a resource sharing pool that provides services to multiple customers, which are called tenants through the Internet. One of the big challenges in cloud is providing a price for leasing the services while adapting with budget limit of the tenants. In order to meet the rapidly growing and dynamic demands of tenants, this paper proposes a pricing determination scheme for cloud services using mathematical analysis. It aims to balance satisfaction between tenants and service provider in terms of budget and profit. Specifically, our pricing determination procedure aggregated the budget constraint of tenants and service cost to calculate the potential price of service. Service level agreement (SLA) is handled by an agent for determining minimum and maximum prices that represent in a range. Hence, the service cost that charged by the provider is identified within the price range in order to meet tenants’ requests. The results from our simulation demonstrate that the proposed pricing determination scheme provides better tenant satisfaction while sustaining provider profitability.
outputs Mining Scholarly Publications for Scientific Knowledge Graph Construction Conference or Workshop Item

In this paper, we present a preliminary approach that uses a set of NLP and Deep Learning methods for extracting entities and relationships from research publications and then integrates them in a Knowledge Graph. More specifically, we i) tackle the challenge of knowledge extraction by employing several state-of-the-art Natural Language Processing and Text Mining tools, ii) describe an approach for integrating entities and relationships generated by these tools, and iii) analyse an automatically generated Knowledge Graph including 10, 425 entities and 25, 655 relationships in the field of Semantic Web.
Seborrheic Keratosis With Bowenoid Transformation: The Immunohistochemical Features and Its Association With Human Papillomavirus Infection

Abstract:The bowenoid transformation of seborrheic keratosis (SK) has rarely been reported. The purpose of this study is to identify their diagnostic immunohistochemical features and association with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Skin biopsy specimens of the phenomenon were retrieved from 2001 to 2010. Benign SK, Bowen disease, bowenoid papulosis, and squamous cell carcinoma were included as controls. All specimens were stained for hematoxylin and eosin, Ki-67, p21, p16, p53, and cyclin D1. Polymerase chain reaction–amplified HPV DNA was analyzed. Seventeen cases of SK with bowenoid transformation were identified. The immunohistochemical pattern of bowenoid transformation was similar to that of Bowen disease and bowenoid papulosis. The malignant cells exhibited increased expressions of p16, p21, and ki-67 and a decreased expression of cyclin D1 (P < 0.01). HPV DNA was detected in 5 cases of bowenoid transformation. In conclusion, a portion of the cases of SK with bowenoid transformation were associated with HPV infection. Selective immunohistochemical stains were helpful in the diagnosis of malignant change in these cases.
Volumetric Modeling of 3 D Human Pose from Multiple Video

This paper describes a framework for modeling of 3 D human pose from multiple calibrated cameras, which serves as t he core part of a player pose-driven spatial game system. Firstly, by multiview volumetric reconstruction, voxel-based human model is construc ted. Secondly, by applying a hierarchical approach with a set of heuristics, f a t indirect body model fitting algorithms are used to fit a predefined human model to the reconstructed data, and based on which human poses are modeled and sema ntically interpreted as certain control inputs to the game.
SOCIAL WEB TECHNOLOGIES TO ENHANCE TEACHING AND LEARNING

Lucrarea descrie un experiment complex de e-learning la care au luat parte peste 700 de studenţi care au participat la cursul de Interacţiune Om-Calculator în ultimii 4 ani. Experimentul a constat în utilizarea tehnologiilor caracteristice webului social, precum blogurile şi conferinţele chat cu scopul de a implica studenţii într-o învăţare colaborativă. Sunt prezentate scenariile de învăţare, problemele întâlnite în implementarea lor, precum şi instrumentele dezvoltate pentru rezolvarea acestora şi pentru a asista tutorii la evaluarea activităţii studenţilor. De asemenea, sunt acoperite principalele rezultate ale experimentului şi ale utilizării instrumentelor de analiză. În plus, vrem să prezentăm beneficiile utilizării unui astfel de scenariu ca supliment la paradigma clasică de predare şi învăţare, pentru comunitatea de învăţare formată din studenţii cursului.
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart malformations: classification based on abnormalities detected by the four‐chamber view

The aim of the study was to provide logical steps, alternative to the sequential chamber analysis, for diagnosing major congenital heart malformation prenatally. Between 1988 and 1995, of the 14 885 high‐risk pregnancies screened at the Departments of Obstetrics and Paediatric Cardiology, University of Hong Kong, 92 fetuses with major congenital heart malformations were detected at 17–36 weeks' gestation (mean=24·6 weeks) by extended fetal echocardiographic screening. These were classified according to obvious abnormalities related to the partition of the heart or ventricular dimensions depicted by the four‐chamber view. Subgrouping according to the presence of normal or abnormal ventriculo–arterial connection, with or without outflow tract anomalies, was further attempted. Five groups were identified: (1) septal defects with all four chambers identified (n=62, 67 per cent); (2) intact septation with dilatation of either the right or all four chambers of the heart (n=12, 13 per cent); (3) intact septation with hypoplasia of either one of the ventricles (n=11, 12 per cent); (4) a rudimentary interventricular septum giving an apparent three‐chamber heart (n=6, 7 per cent); (5) miscellaneous causes (n=1, 1 per cent). Combined with the information related to the ventricular outflow tracts, the accuracy of arriving at a definitive diagnosis was 97 per cent, when compared with postnatal investigations, surgery and/or autopsies. This simple classification could provide logical steps to arrive at a definitive diagnosis for most major fetal heart malformations. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Plant Poly(A) Polymerase Requires a Novel RNA-binding Protein for Activity*

We have purified a novel factor (PAP-III) that is a component of a multisubunit poly(A) polymerase from pea seedlings. This factor consists of one or more polypeptides with molecular masses of about 105 kDa and of a population of associated RNAs that can serve as substrates for polyadenylation. When these RNAs are separated from the 105-kDa polypeptides, polyadenylation becomes dependent upon exogenously added RNA. This RNA-dependent activity does not require the presence of a polyadenylation signal in the substrate, indicating that the activity under study is a nonspecific polyadenylation activity. One or more of the 105-kDa polypeptides could be cross-linked to the products of polyadenylation labeled with [α-32P]ATP and to exogenously added labeled RNAs. Cross-linking of the 105-kDa polypeptides to the products of polyadenylation was not affected by the presence of exogenously added competitors, whereas cross-linking to exogenous RNAs was diminished by excesses of RNA homopolymers. Exogenous RNAs could be polyadenylated by the combination of PAP-I + PAP-III, and this activity was diminished if the binding of the exogenous RNAs to PAP-III was prevented. We conclude from these studies that PAP-III is an RNA binding protein, that polyadenylation by the poly(A) polymerase occurs while the substrate RNAs are associated with this protein, and that the pea poly(A) polymerase can only polyadenylate those RNAs that are associated with PAP-III.
BOOSTING PERFORMANCE ON TEXT CLASSIFICATION TASKS

We present EDA: easy data augmentation techniques for boosting performance on text classification tasks. EDA consists of four simple but powerful operations: synonym replacement, random insertion, random swap, and random deletion. On five text classification tasks, we show that EDA improves performance for both convolutional and recurrent neural networks. EDA demonstrates particularly strong results for smaller datasets; on average, across five datasets, training with EDA while using only 50% of the available training set achieved the same accuracy as normal training with all available data. We also performed extensive ablation studies and suggest parameters for practical use.
Repression of hla by rot Is Dependent on sae in Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT The regulatory locus sae is a two-component system in Staphylococcus aureus that regulates many important virulence factors, including alpha-toxin (encoded by hla) at the transcriptional level. The SarA homologs Rot and SarT were previously shown to be repressors of hla in selected S. aureus backgrounds. To delineate the interaction of rot and sae and the contribution of sarT to hla expression, an assortment of rot and sae isogenic single mutants, a rot sae double mutant, and a rot sae sarT markerless triple mutant were constructed from wild-type strain COL. Using Northern blot analysis and transcriptional reporter gene green fluorescent protein, fusion, and phenotypic assays, we found that the repression of hla by rot is dependent on sae. A rot sae sarT triple mutant was not able to rescue the hla defect of the rot sae double mutant. Among the three sae promoters, the distal sae P3 promoter is the strongest in vitro. Interestingly, the sae P3 promoter activities correlate with hla expression in rot, rot sae, and rot sae sarT mutants of COL. Transcriptional study has also shown that rot repressed sae, especially at the sae P3 promoter. Collectively, our data implicated the importance of sae in the rot-mediated repression of hla in S. aureus.
Ocular Manifestations in Kawasaki Disease : A Literature Review

Original Research Article The number of studies on ocular manifestations in Kawasaki disease (KD) is limited. We conducted a literature review and extracted data from the case reports about ocular manifestations in KD. A wide spectrum of ocular complications in KD had been reported. There are few reports of ocular manifestations under 5 years of age. Although ocular fundus changes are not uncommon, severe lesions are presumed to be rare. It seems difficult to evaluate the findings of ophthalmologic examination in the acute period in young children; however, retinal vascular changes may be useful in predicting the future cardiovascular sequelae of KD. We believe that ocular manifestations in the acute phase might be useful in determining the etiology of KD, and ocular signs manifested later might be useful in predicting cardiovascular events associated with KD.
Subwavelength Energy Transport Along a Dielectric Nanoparticle Chain in a Metal Slot

Subwavelength energy transportation along a dielectric nanoparticle chain in a metal slot is investigated. It is demonstrated that subwavelength resonance modes with nanoscale confinement could be well achieved in the proposed waveguide, free from the demanding requirement of an ultralarge dielectric constant for a traditional dielectric nanoparticle waveguide (DNPW). In addition, the proposed waveguide exhibits the lowest attenuation factor in visible region and near-infrared region when compared with its counterparts including a traditional DNPW, a metal nanoparticle waveguide without/in metal slot, and a metal slot. The proposed mechanism of energy transport in the nanoscale has potential application in broadband and long-distance subwavelength transmission lines for photonic integration circuits (PICs).
Retinal Cell Biology NADPH Oxidase Contributes to Photoreceptor Degeneration in Constitutively Active RAC 1 Mice

Section for Translational Research on Retinal and Macular Degeneration, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States Ocular Gene Therapy Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
The Role of Helix 1 Aspartates and Salt Bridges in the Stability and Conversion of Prion Protein*

A key event in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies is the conversion of PrP-sen to PrP-res. Morrissey and Shakhnovich (Morrissey, M. P., and Shakhnovich, E. I. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96, 11293–11298) proposed that the conversion mechanism involves critical interactions at helix 1 (residues 144–153) and that the helix is stabilized on PrP-sen by intra-helix salt bridges between two aspartic acid-arginine ion pairs at positions 144 and 148 and at 147 and 151, respectively. Mutants of the hamster prion protein were constructed by replacing the aspartic acids with either asparagines or alanines to destabilize the proposed helix 1 salt bridges. Thermal and chemical denaturation experiments using circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated the overall structures of the mutants are not substantially destabilized but appear to unfold differently. Cell-free conversion reactions performed using ionic denaturants, detergents, and salts (conditions unfavorable to salt bridge formation) showed no significant differences between conversion efficiencies of mutant and wild type proteins. Using conditions more favorable to salt bridge formation, the mutant proteins converted with up to 4-fold higher efficiency than the wild type protein. Thus, although spectroscopic data indicate the salt bridges do not substantially stabilize PrP-sen, the cell-free conversion data suggest that Asp-144 and Asp-147 and their respective salt bridges stabilize PrP-sen from converting to PrP-res.
Review of mean-field theory

During the last thirty years, the Joliot-Curie school (EJC) has significantly contributed to the diffusion of knowledge originally at the French-Belgium level and more recently to a wider international audience. Certainly due to the important historical contribution of the francophone community to the mean-field approach (Vautherin and Brink, Phys. Rev. C5 (1972), Decharge and Gogny, Phys. Rev. C21 (1980)), mean-field theory are among the most popular topics in this school. The goal of the present one hour lecture was to provide an overview of this approach applied to low energy nuclear physics. In the 2011 school, I have tried to focus on the key concepts disregarding sometimes important conceptual and technical details. For those who are interested in them, I strongly recommend to consult the EJC website (http://www.cenbg.in2p3.fr/joliot-curie/ ) where numerous excellent lectures (originally in french and more recently in english) can be found (see conclusion). Here, I first introduce reasons why the nuclear many-body problem is one of the most complex problem in many-body physics. Despite this complexity, many experimental observations points out that nucleons can, in a good approximation, be regarded as a system of independent particles moving in a self-consistent mean-field. Unfortunately, the usual theory, i.e. the Hartree-Fock theory, that is the natural way to replace a many-body problem into a one-body problem miserably fails in nuclear physics. To overcome this difficulty, nuclear physicists make use of Density Functional Theory, generally called Energy Density Functional (EDF). Basic aspects of the EDF are introduced here for beginners. To make the EDF approach systematic and predictive in a rather simple and numerically economic way, this approach use and abuse of symmetry breaking. Symmetry breaking is an elegant technique to incorporate important correlations like pairing that would be difficult to include otherwise. Finally, the necessity to ultimately restore broken symmetries within EDF using configuration mixing is discussed. In this review, I will mainly concentrate on nuclear structure aspects. However, the EDF is not restricted to ground state properties but is expected to provide a unified microscopic framework able to address the diversity of phenomena taking place in nuclei from nuclear structure to nuclear reactions or nuclear astrophysics: nuclear spectroscopy, small and large amplitude dynamics, equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
A Fast Sinc Function Gridding Algorithm for Fourier Inversion in Computer Tomography

The Fourier inversion method for reconstruction of images in computerized tomography has not been widely used owing to the perceived difficulty of interpolating from polar or other measurement grids to the Cartesian grid required for fast numerical Fourier inversion. Although the Fourier inversion method is recognized as being computationally faster than the back-projection method for parallel ray projection data, the artifacts resulting from inaccurate interpolation have generally limited application of the method. This paper presents a computationally efficient gridding algorithm which can be used with direct Fourier transformation to achieve arbitrarily small artifact levels. The method has potential for application to other measurement geometries such as fan-beam projections and diffraction tomography and NMR imaging.
Hessian Aided Policy Gradient

Reducing the variance of estimators for policy gradient has long been the focus of reinforcement learning research. While classic algorithms like REINFORCE find an -approximate first-order stationary point in O(1/ ) random trajectory simulations, no provable improvement on the complexity has been made so far. This paper presents a Hessian aided policy gradient method with the first improved sample complexity of O(1/ ). While our method exploits information from the policy Hessian, it can be implemented in linear time with respect to the parameter dimension and is hence applicable to sophisticated DNN parameterization. Simulations on standard tasks validate the efficiency of our method.
Pretrained Transformers for Simple Question Answering

Answering simple questions over knowledge graphs is a well-studied problem in question answering. Previous approaches for this task built on recurrent and convolutional neural networks (RNNs and CNNs) based architectures that use pretrained word embeddings. It was recently shown that a pretrained transformer network (BERT) can outperform RNNand CNN based approaches on various natural language processing tasks. In this work, we investigate how well network BERT performs on the entity span prediction and relation prediction subtasks of simple QA. In addition, we provide an evaluation of both BERT and BiLSTM-based models in limited-data scenarios.
Butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) in a heterogeneous area between two biodiversity hotspots in Minas Gerais, Brazil

This paper investigates the butterfly fauna of the ‘Serra do Rola-Moça’ State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We evaluate i) the seasonal variation of species richness and composition; and ii) the variation in composition of the local butterfly assemblage among three sampling sites and between the dry and rainy seasons. Sampling was carried out monthly between November 2012 and October 2013, using entomological nets. After a total sampling effort of 504 net hours, 311 species were recorded. One of them is endangered in Brazil, and eight are probable new species. Furthermore, two species were new records for the region and eight considered endemic of the Cerrado domain. There was no significant difference in species richness between the dry and the rainy seasons, however the species composition varies significantly among sampling sites. Due to its special, heterogeneous environment, which is home to a rich butterfly fauna, its preservation is important for the conservation of the regional butterfly fauna.
The Games We Play: Relationships between game genre, business model and loot box opening

The use of loot boxes is endemic in contemporary games, having originated in the free-to-play games of China and Japan they are now a common feature in almost every type of business model and genre. Primarily used to increase monetisation they are not without controversy as they have been accused of driving a “pay-to-win” approach to gaming and have even been linked to the development of problematic gambling behaviours. Considering the fact that there are a huge range of disparate practices connected to loot boxes, and that loot boxes are present in all forms of contemporary games this research asks the following question: Which business models and game genres, if any, are associated with increased opening of paid loot boxes? We employed survey data (N=613) gathered among gamers. We can conclude that loot boxes seem to be pervasive across games and there is no strong evidence that any business model of genre would clearly predict loot box opening activities and that players of all kinds of games probably encounter them in the gaming activities one way or the other. However, we can also conclude that loot box opening activities seems to be most strongly connected with both the retail and free-to-play business models as well as the shooter game genre.