Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of dynamic braking for DC voltage regulation of a wound rotor induction machine

The aim of this paper is to present the application of a dynamic braking circuit [1] to wound rotor induction machine (WRIM) drives. It can be used as a reconfigured topology for a doubly-fed induction machine when the fault occurs in the grid-side converter (GSC). In combination with a PWM voltage source converter (VSC), it also provides a simple low cost drive for a WRIM. MATLAB/SIMULINK program is used to simulate the system. The simulation and experimental results show that this topology can be an alternative topology for the WRIM drives. The advantages and drawbacks of this topology are then discussed.
Recombination between gtfB andgtfC Is Required for Survival of a dTDP-Rhamnose Synthesis-Deficient Mutant of Streptococcus mutans in the Presence of Sucrose

ABSTRACT The rml genes are involved in dTDP-rhamnose synthesis in Streptococcus mutans. A gene fusion betweengtfB and gtfC, which both encode extracellular water-insoluble glucan-synthesizing enzymes, accompanied by inactivation of the rml genes was observed for cells grown in the presence of sucrose. The survival rates of rmlmutants isolated in the absence of sucrose were drastically reduced in the presence of sucrose. The rates were consistent with the frequency of spontaneous gene fusions between gtfB andgtfC, suggesting that the spontaneous recombinant organisms were selected in the presence of sucrose. The rml mutants with a gtfB-gtfC fusion gene had markedly reduced water-insoluble glucan synthetic activity and lost the ability to colonize glass surfaces in the presence of sucrose. These results suggest that the rml mutants of S. mutans, which are defective in dTDP-rhamnose synthesis, can survive only in the absence of water-insoluble glucan synthesis.
Ventral tail bud mesenchyme is a signaling center for tail paraxial mesoderm induction

A large body of evidence from several systems indicates that formation of the vertebrate tail is morphogenetically continuous with gastrulation, including neural inducing activity in descendants of the gastrula organizer. However, the signaling centers and molecular events regulating tail mesoderm induction and its organized elongation remain poorly defined. In mammals, the ventral ectoderm ridge (VER) is essential to maintain ongoing formation of paraxial mesoderm and somitogenesis in cultures of intact tail. Avian tail buds contain a similar VER structure. Here, we report that the chick ventral tail bud operates as a signaling center for paraxial mesoderm induction. By using “organizer” style grafting assays to early host embryos, we found that ventral tail bud was able to induce elongated paraxial mesodermal extensions and that the ventral tail bud mesenchyme underlying the VER is both necessary and sufficient for the induction in this assay system. Our observations combined with those of others suggest that interplay between several different signaling centers in the amniote tail bud regulates the coordinate induction and elongation of axial and paraxial structures in the developing tail. Developmental Dynamics 229:600–606, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Space charge phenomenology in polymeric insulating materials

Topics related to space charge phenomenology, particularly the origin of space charge and its interaction with the host insulating polymer, have been widely discussed in recent years. Due to the development of reliable techniques for direct observation of space charge it is now possible to obtain, besides obvious indications on space charge and electric field magnitude and location, quantities that provide additional information on space charge accumulation and depletion rate, apparent mobility and trap depth distribution. Therefore, commonly debated topics such as the nature of charge carriers, the conduction mechanism, the charge dynamics at interfaces and the relation with nanostructure can be re-examined on the basis of space charge observation and this is, indeed, the purpose of this paper.
Immunohistochemical and ELISA Assays for Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Aging and Disease a

ABSTRACT: Oxidative stress is apparent in pathology associated with aging and many age‐related, chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases. Although it cannot be measured directly in biological systems, several biomarkers have been identified that provide a measure of oxidative damage to biomolecules. These include amino acid oxidation products (methionine sulfoxide, ortho‐tyrosine (o‐tyr) and dityrosine, chlorotyrosine and nitrotyrosine), as well as chemical modifications of protein following carbohydrate or lipid oxidation, such as Nɛ‐(carboxymethyl)lysine and Nɛ‐(carboxyethyl)lysine, and malondialdehyde and 4‐hydroxynonenal adducts to amino acids. Other biomarkers include the amino acid cross‐link pentosidine, the imidazolone adducts formed by reaction of 3‐deoxyglucosone or methylglyoxal with arginine, and the imidazolium cross‐links formed by the reaction of glyoxal and methylglyoxal with lysine residues in protein. These compounds have been measured in short‐lived intracellular proteins, plasma proteins, long‐lived extracellular proteins, and in urine, making them valuable tools for monitoring tissue‐specific and systemic chemical and oxidative damage to proteins in biological systems. They are normally measured by sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry methods, requiring both complex analytical instrumentation and derivatization procedures. However, sensitive immunohistochemical and ELISA assays are now available for many of these biomarkers. Immunochemical assays should facilitate studies on the role of oxidative stress in aging and chronic disease and simplify the evaluation of therapeutic approaches for limiting oxidative damage in tissues and treating pathologies associated with aging and disease. In this article we summarize recent data and conclusions based on immunohistochemical and ELISA assays, emphasizing the strengths and limitations of the techniques.
Early drinking onset and its association with alcohol use and problem behavior in late adolescence.

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between age of drinking onset and patterns of use, abuse of other substances, and the prevalence of other alcohol-related problems in a population of midwestern high school seniors. DESIGN We analyzed self-report survey data on public school students' history of alcohol and other drug use and related problems from the Minnesota Student Survey conducted in 1989. The sample consisted of 2,650 male and female seniors, representing a 10% random sample of all white seniors in the study. RESULTS The findings suggest that early onset of alcohol use (by age 12) is associated with subsequent abuse of alcohol and related problem behaviors in later adolescence, including alcohol-related violence, injuries, drinking and driving, and absenteeism from school or work, as well as increased risks for using other drugs. CONCLUSION This paper identifies the preadolescent years from age 10 to 12 as a particularly vulnerable period for the development of early alcohol dependence and abuse. Delaying alcohol use onset to age 13 may significantly reduce the risk of severe alcohol abuse in later adolescence.
A monolithic CMOS synchronous Buck converter with a fast and low-cost current sensing scheme

Monolithic power management integrated circuit chips are widely used in both consumer products and industrial products. In some applications the load changes drastically. A 2MHz integrated synchronous Buck converter is designed to manage the dynamic load for these applications. The current mode control and active voltage positioning are employed to achieve high transient performance at pulse load conditions. A fast and lossless current sensing scheme with a low-cost, high-voltage-gain and high-bandwidth amplifier configured in open loop is proposed to sense the inductor current for implementing peak current control. With the proposed fast current sensor, the simple first-order compensator is required to obtain active voltage positioning with good stability and transient response. The chip was fabricated with 0.5um CMOS process and the test results were reported.
The Optimal Attachment Position for a Fingertip Photoplethysmographic Sensor With Low DC

In this study, optimal position was approached by a search of a low-DC drift sensor attachment position for measuring photoplethysmography. DC and AC models were proposed by merging the Lambert-Beer equations at the conventional PPG onset and the peak into one equation. The position at which point the DC fluctuation is small and the AC component is large in the PPG was suggested. Among the lateral sides of four blood vessels, the dorsal, palmer, ulnar, and radial vessels region, the ulnar vessel region showed small DC amplitude and the largest AC amplitude and perfusion index.
An Improved Clustering Algorithm Based on Ant-Tree

In this paper, we propose an improved clustering algorithm based on the Ant-Tree algorithm. This method represents a more flexible version of its basis. The classes with high density are defined as definite classes, and our algorithm starts with finding the definite classes. Centroid approximation method is utilized to make the clustering model of Ant-Tree more accurately by approaching the real center of the classes gradually. The ants that have fixed themselves on the structure can be disconnected from the tree for a better position, and in this way more accurate results of clustering can be achieved. As a consequence, this algorithm builds adaptively a tree structure which changes over the run in order to improve the final results. Compared against some other ant-based clustering algorithms, our approach acquires better results on some standard databases efficiently as demonstrated in experiments.
A New Numerical Method for Asymmetrical Abel Inversion

A new asymmetrical Abel inversion is presented for application in asymmetrical data which is obtained from plasma diagnostics (for instance, interferometry or spectroscopy) on the toroidal plasma system, and in which asymmetry exists normal to the direction of observation. In this new numerical method a weight function, which was obtained by separating the integrated quantity into odd and even parts, was used for determination of the asymmetrical local value. To demonstrate the usefulness of this new method, we set up a hypothetical data set, which resulted in a valid local value.
The response of the murine lymphoid system to a chronic infection with Trypanosoma congolense. II. The lymph nodes, thymus and liver

The cellular responses in the lymph nodes, thymus and liver of mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense were examined and considered in relation to changes in the level of Ig in the serum. A significant proliferative response occurred in the lymph nodes only after 3 weeks of infection and involved mainly the B‐dependent folliçular areas in which there was marked germinal centre formation. This was associated with the appearance in the medullary cords of large numbers of plasma cells. Only a minor increase in the number of macrophages was observed in the lymph node sinuses and there was no obvious lymphoid depletion. A partial depletion of the cortical areas of the thymus in the later stages of the infection was the only remarkable feature in that organ. An abrupt but transient increase in the levels of the 4 classes of Ig which were monitored was observed about the time of the first peak of parasitaemia and was considered to result from the proliferative response in the spleen. A second and more pronounced increase occurred later coinciding with the onset of proliferative activity in the lymph nodes. There was marked cellular infiltration into the liver; this commenced about the time of the first peak of parasitaemia when it involved mainly lymphocytes and plasma cells and became progressively more severe involving a mixture of cell types including lymphocytes, plasma cells and erythropoietic and granulopoietic cells. In addition, there was an increase in the number of Kupffer cells lining hepatic sinusoids. Throughout most of the infection, focal hepatic necrosis and increased mitotic activity of hepatocytes were prominent features. The differences in timing and character of the cellular responses between the different lymphoid organs were considered to be due in part to the restriction of T. congolense to the intravascular spaces.
Metabolic Linkage and Correlations to Storage Capacity in Erythrocytes from Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Donors

Objective In glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, decreased NADPH regeneration in the pentose phosphate pathway and subnormal levels of reduced glutathione result in insufficient antioxidant defense, increased susceptibility of red blood cells (RBCs) to oxidative stress, and acute hemolysis following exposure to pro-oxidant drugs and infections. Despite the fact that redox disequilibrium is a prominent feature of RBC storage lesion, it has been reported that the G6PD-deficient RBCs store well, at least in respect to energy metabolism, but their overall metabolic phenotypes and molecular linkages to the storability profile are scarcely investigated. Methods We performed UHPLC-MS metabolomics analyses of weekly sampled RBC concentrates from G6PD sufficient and deficient donors, stored in citrate phosphate dextrose/saline adenine glucose mannitol from day 0 to storage day 42, followed by statistical and bioinformatics integration of the data. Results Other than previously reported alterations in glycolysis, metabolomics analyses revealed bioactive lipids, free fatty acids, bile acids, amino acids, and purines as top variables discriminating RBC concentrates for G6PD-deficient donors. Two-way ANOVA showed significant changes in the storage-dependent variation in fumarate, one-carbon, and sulfur metabolism, glutathione homeostasis, and antioxidant defense (including urate) components in G6PD-deficient vs. sufficient donors. The levels of free fatty acids and their oxidized derivatives, as well as those of membrane-associated plasticizers were significantly lower in G6PD-deficient units in comparison to controls. By using the strongest correlations between in vivo and ex vivo metabolic and physiological parameters, consecutively present throughout the storage period, several interactomes were produced that revealed an interesting interplay between redox, energy, and hemolysis variables, which may be further associated with donor-specific differences in the post-transfusion performance of G6PD-deficient RBCs. Conclusion The metabolic phenotypes of G6PD-deficient donors recapitulate the basic storage lesion profile that leads to loss of metabolic linkage and rewiring. Donor-related issues affect the storability of RBCs even in the narrow context of this donor subgroup in a way likely relevant to transfusion medicine.
Comparison of different complementary relationship models for estimating regional evapotranspiration

Based on the observational data, we validate these complementary relationship models such as advection-aridity model, CRAE model and Granger model on the point and region scale. It was showed that complementary relationship models perform well over winter wheat fields, but rather differently over grassland. With the exception of several extreme arid years, annual errors of simulated evapotranspirations by Advection-Aridity model, CRAE model and Granger model were less than 10% in the Yellow River Basin on a monthly base.
Endoscopic rollerball electrovaporization of the prostate--the sandwich technique: evaluation of the initial efficacy and morbidity in the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety, initial efficacy and morbidity of a new treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), endoscopic rollerball electrovaporization (EREV) of the prostate. PATIENTS AND METHODS Endoscopic rollerball electrovaporization with or without a modified transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) was performed in 51 patients (mean age 69 years). Before treatment, patients were evaluated by measuring maximum flow rate, post-void residual volume (PVR) and a symptom score. After undergoing EREV and modified TURP the operative and hospital records were reviewed and the duration of the procedure, hospital stay and the incidence of complications and/or morbidity were recorded. The urodynamic variables were re-evaluated after 3-8 months. RESULTS Five patients were operated on for retention: of the remaining patients, the pre-operative mean symptom score was 18 (maximum 30), the mean maximum flow rate was 11.5 mL/s, the mean PVR was 159 mL and the mean duration of the procedure was 28 min. Of the 51 patients, 30 were discharged catheter-free on the first day after surgery. No patient required transfusion for associated blood loss, none had evidence of symptomatic bacteraemia and the transurethral resection syndrome did not occur. One patient who had a bladder carcinoma resected at the same operation was readmitted 2 weeks later with haematuria and clots. Three patients presented as emergencies within 8 weeks because of retention; one was admitted and required further EREV. On re-evaluation, the symptom scores decreased by a mean of 11 points, the maximum flow rate increased by a mean of 6.2 mL/s and the mean PVR decreased by 102 mL. CONCLUSIONS EREV of the prostate is a safe, effective and economic alternative to a standard TURP.
[Usefulness of osteocalcin and CrossLaps as markers of bone turnover in children with chronic renal failure].

UNLABELLED Bone disorders resulting from abnormalities in mineral are common in patients with predialytic stage of chronic renal failure (CRF). Disturbances associated with: phosphate excretions, vitamin D3 metabolism, hypocalcemia, increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) and acid-base disturbances lead to bone pathology know as renal osteodystrophy (RO). Estimation of tempo turnover make possible markers, of which concentration means oneself in urine and in serum. The aim of this study was to estimate the urinary carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen as a index of bone resorption and osteocalcin as a marker of bone formation in correlation with intact PTH (iPTH) in predialytic children. The study group consisted of 39 children aged 6-17 y. All children were divided into 2 groups: I--21 predialytic pts; II--18 healthy children. The I group was divided into 2 subgroups: Ia--pts with normal range of iPTH; Ib--pts with higher range of iPTH. All patients were tested: for serum concentrations of: calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), iPTH, OST; and for urinary CrossLaps (corrected with urinary creatinine). RESULTS In subgroup Ib revealed correlation between OST and iPTH (p < 0.05); and between CrossLaps and OST (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of investigation on OST and CrossLaps as bone metabolism markers in predialytic children revealed that evaluating highly specific biochemical parameters of bone turnover is useful in assessing the clinical status of that metabolism. The knowledge of correlation between levels of bone turnover markers and clinical status of a child might help in taking appropriate therapeutic decision and in preventing renal osteodystrophy.
Effect of Temperature Changes on Critical Micelle Concentration for Tween Series surfactant

The critical m icelle concentration (CMC) for polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters (tween) series surfactant was determined by the fluorescence intensity technique. It has been measured against concentration of micelle at temperature range (298-348) °k . at 298°k the CMC for tween (20, 21, 40, 60 and 80) were (0.0499, 0.063, 0.0333, 0.0167 and 0.015) mM respectively. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) for all tween series decreased with increasing carbon atoms number for alkyl group, but increased with increasing the number of oxyethylene group. The CMC for all tween series decreased with increasing temperature, it slightly increased at higher temperature. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°m, ΔH°m , ΔS°m ) of the micel le formation were calculated from the temperature dependence on the CMC, ΔG°m decreased when i ncreasing temperature above the whole temperature range . It is found that (ΔG°m, ΔH°m , ΔS°m ) decreased with increasing carbon number for alkyl group , but increased with increasing the number of oxyethylene group.
Diseño de controladores multivariables QFT de matriz completa

Tradicionalmente los procesos multivariables han sido tratados como una multiplicidad de sistemas monovariables. De este modo, las interacciones intrinsecas a los acoplamientos entre los lazos se han considerado como perturbaciones que afectaban a cada uno de dichos lazos simples. Con tales estructuras se perdia la posibilidad de utilizar los elementos no diagonales, desechando toda la informacion existente en el modelo de la planta sobre las perturbaciones de acoplamiento. Dentro del mareo de la teoria de control robusta QFT, se analiza de modo cuantitativo el efecto entre lazos, prestando una especial atencion a los distintos papeles que desempenan en el controlador de realimentacion tanto los elementos diagonales como los no diagonales. Para ello, se propone una matriz como medida de acoplamiento, y como consecuencia de esta, una funcion de calidad del diseno de cada uno de los elementos no diagonales. Todo este desarrollo teorico justifica el uso de la tecnica de diseno propuesta en l a presente tesis doctoral, que ha sido validada mediante su aplicacion a dos procesos reales. Por una parte se ha disenado el controlador robusto QFT de matriz completa para (un robot industrial SCARA cuyo modelo cumple satisfactoriamente las condiciones suficientes de aplicabilidad de la metodologia de sintesis propuesta. La implementacion y las -- experimentales han aportado datos que demuestran satisfactoriamente la eficacia del controlador de matriz completa. Por otra, se ha estudiado el caso de un intercambiador de calor de flujos cruzados, proceso que no cumple dichas condiciones suficientes de aplicabilidad de la metodologia propuesta. No obstante, despues de la implementacion y experimentacion de laboratorio se puede conducir que incluso en estos casos es posible obtener beneficio del -- robusto aportado por los controladores no diagonales.