Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Information Sciences Manuscript Draft Title: Repairing Fractures between Data Using Genetic Programming-based Feature Extraction: a Case Study in Cancer Diagnosis @bullet Title: Repairing Fractures between Data Using Genetic Programming-based Feature Extraction: a C

• This manuscript is the authors' original work and has not been published nor has it been submitted simultaneously elsewhere. • All authors have checked the manuscript and have agreed to the submission. • Background: There is an underlying assumption on most model building processes: given a learned classifier, it should be usable to explain unseen data from the same given problem. Despite this seemingly reasonable assumption, when dealing with biological data it tends to fail; where classifiers built out of data generated using the same protocols in two different laboratories can lead to two different, non-interchangeable, classifiers. There are usually too many uncontrollable variables in the process of generating data in the lab and biological variations, and small differences can lead to very different data distributions, with a fracture between data. The paper has been reviewed, eliminating the extraneous expression "GP is still" in paragraph 2 at the end of page 4. The GP section was slightly expanded with some extra references, and the ones suggested by reviewer 3 regarding Data Reduction were also included Abstract There is an underlying assumption on most model building processes: given a learned classifier, it should be usable to explain unseen data from the same given problem. Despite this seemingly reasonable assumption, when dealing with biological data it tends to fail; where classifiers built out of data generated using the same protocols in two different laboratories can lead to two different, non-interchangeable, classifiers. There are usually too many uncontrollable variables in the process of generating data in the lab and biological variations, and small differences can lead to very different data distributions, with a fracture between data. This paper presents a genetics-based machine learning approach that performs feature extraction on data from a lab to help increase the classification performance of an existing classifier that was built using the data from a different laboratory which uses the same protocols, while learning about the shape of the fractures between data that motivated the bad behavior. The experimental analysis over benchmark problems together with a real-world problem on prostate cancer diagnosis show the good behavior of the proposed algorithm. Manuscript (including abstract) Click here to view linked References
Fieldwork@40: fieldwork in geography higher education

ABSTRACT Fieldwork is the most powerful learning invitation in the toolkit of Geographical Education. This review of papers in The Journal of Geography in Higher Education (JGHE) suggests seven modes in the development of fieldwork. These are arrayed as a kind of historical, perhaps evolutionary, sequence but most remain current in Geography fieldwork practice. At the far end (1960s) of the sequence are didactic modes that are teacher centred and use the field as an adjunct to the classroom, in the middle (1990s) are modes that involve active learning and focus on the development of students as investigators and at the near end (2010s) are those that centred on the field study area and its qualities, that involve concern about the ethics of student engagement and that employ blended learning technologies. The review charts the JGHE’s gradual shift away from its original, almost exclusively, UK-focus toward something rather more international and inclusive. Fieldwork is where Geographers learn “from doing” Geography to “do” Geography. Its special attributes include providing experiential, sometimes transformative, learning through the immersion of the learner in the field experience. In 40 years, JGHE has helped Geography Fieldwork move from the margins of the curriculum to its current place at its core.
Automated Non-Content Word List Generation Using hLDA

In this paper, we present a language-independent method for the automatic, unsupervised extraction of non-content words from a corpus of documents. This method permits the creation of word lists that may be used in place of traditional function word lists in various natural language processing tasks. As an example we generated lists of words from a corpus of English, Chinese, and Russian posts extracted from Wikipedia articles and Wikipedia Wikitalk discussion pages. We applied these lists to the task of authorship attribution on this corpus to compare the effectiveness of lists of words extracted with this method to expert-created function word lists and frequent word lists (a common alternative to function word lists). hLDA lists perform comparably to frequent word lists. The trials also show that corpus-derived lists tend to perform better than more generic lists, and both sets of generated lists significantly outperformed the expert lists. Additionally, we evaluated the performance of an English expert list on machine translations of our Chinese and Russian documents, showing that our method also outperforms this alter-
Site-directed spin-labeling reveals the orientation of the amino acid side-chains in the E-F loop of bacteriorhodopsin.

Due to high temperature factors and the lack of considerable electron density, electron microscopy and X-ray experiments on the cytoplasmic E-F loop of bacteriorhodopsin result in a variety of structural models. As the experimental conditions regarding ionic strength, temperature and the presence of detergents may affect the structure of the E-F loop, we employ electron paramagnetic resonance and site-directed spin-labeling to study the structure of this loop under physiological conditions. The amino acid residues at positions 154 to 171 were replaced by cysteine residues and derivatized with a sulfhydryl-specific nitroxide spin label one by one. The conventional and power saturation electron paramagnetic spectroscopy provide the mobility of the nitroxide and its accessibility to dissolved molecular oxygen and membrane-impermeable chromium oxalate in the respective site. The results show that K159 and A168 are located at the water-lipid interface of helices E and F, respectively. The orientation of the amino acid side-chains in the helical regions from positions 154 to 159 and 166 to 171 were found to agree with published structural data for bacteriorhodopsin. In the residue sequence from positions 160 to 165 the EPR data yield evidence for a turned loop structure with the side-chains of M163 and S162 oriented towards the proton channel and the water phase, respectively.
Simplified backpropagation equalization in WDM coherent polarization multiplexed systems

The digital equalization of fibre impairments in coherent optical communications allows for ultimate limits of spectral efficiency to be achieved, while reducing the cost and complexity compared to optical based solutions. Digital backpropagation (BP) was proposed recently as a reduced complexity approach for jointly compensating linear and non-linear impairments in single polarization coherent optical systems. Furthermore, polarization division multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying (PDM-QPSK) has emerged as a promising format to increase spectral efficiency. Here we assess the performance of the simplified backpropagation equalization in both single channel and multiple channel transmission in combination with polarization multiplexing for different dispersion map configurations. It is shown that polarization multiplexing induces a degradation in performance due to cross-phase modulation polarization scattering, the backpropagation algorithm still overperforming linear equalization.
MR Imaging of Hippocampal Asymmetry at 3T in a Multiethnic, Population-Based Sample: Results from the Dallas Heart Study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Asymmetry of the hippocampus is regarded as an important clinical finding, but limited data on hippocampal asymmetry are available for the general population. Here we present hippocampal asymmetry data from the Dallas Heart Study determined by automated methods and its relationship to age, sex, and ethnicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3D magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo MR imaging was performed in 2082 DHS-2 participants. The MR images were analyzed by using 2 standard automated brain-segmentation programs, FSL-FIRST and FreeSurfer. Individuals with imaging errors, self-reported stroke, or major structural abnormalities were excluded. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the significance of the findings across age, sex, and ethnicity. RESULTS: At the 90th percentile, FSL-FIRST demonstrated hippocampal asymmetry of 9.8% (95% CI, 9.3%–10.5%). The 90th percentile of hippocampal asymmetry, measured by the difference in right and left hippocampi volume and the larger hippocampus, was 17.9% (95% CI, 17.0%–19.1%). Hippocampal asymmetry increases with age (P = .0216), men have greater asymmetry than women as shown by FSL-FIRST (P = .0036), but ethnicity is not significantly correlated with asymmetry. To confirm these findings, we used FreeSurfer. FreeSurfer showed asymmetry of 4.4% (95% CI, 4.3%–4.7%) normalized to total volume and 8.5% (95% CI, 8.3%–9.0%) normalized by difference/larger hippocampus. FreeSurfer also showed that hippocampal asymmetry increases with age (P = .0024) and that men had greater asymmetry than women (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant degree of hippocampal asymmetry in the population. The data provided will aid in the research, diagnosis, and treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy and other neurologic disease.
Exact exchange-correlation potential for a time-dependent two-electron system

We obtain an exact solution of the time-dependent Schroedinger equation for a two-electron system confined to a plane by an isotropic parabolic potential whose curvature is periodically modulated in time. From this solution we compute the exact time-dependent exchange correlation potential v_xc which enters the Kohn-Sham equation of time-dependent density functional theory. Our exact result provides a benchmark against which various approximate forms for v_xc can be compared. Finally v_xc is separated in an adiabatic and a pure dynamical part and it is shown that, for the particular system studied, the dynamical part is negligible.
INTERNAL SUSTAINABILITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE ARAB STATES

The Arab states as a group are popularly referred to as the “Arab World”. The term “Arab World” is a political designation rather than an economic grouping, despite the fact that economic integration, and unity, has always been an inspiration of various political movements in the region. As a political grouping the term finds its expression in the League of Arab States (LAS) that was established in 1945. In the context of LAS, which is modelled on the UN organizational structure, a lot of perceived economic aspirations of ordinary Arabs are expressed and articulated, but not necessarily implemented. Due to various historical reasons the Arab countries have failed to use the LAS framework to forge an economic integration scheme that could have distinguished them as a distinct economic group.
Serial Changes in Serum Eosinophil-associated Mediators between Atopic and Non-atopic Children after Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Purpose Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MP) is associated with the exacerbation, timing, and onset of asthma. The goal of this study was to elucidate the impact of MP on eosinophil-related hyper-reactive amplification in atopic children. Methods We studied 48 patients with MP (26 atopic, 22 non-atopic), between 3 and 12 years of age. Serial changes in blood eosinophil counts, serum interleukin-5 (IL-5), and serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels were measured in atopic and non-atopic children with MP upon admission, recovery, and at 2 months post-recovery. Serum IL-5 and ECP levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; eosinophil counts were measured using an autoanalyzer. Results Serial changes in serum IL-5, ECP, and total eosinophil counts were significantly higher in atopic patients, relative to non-atopic controls (P≤0.001). Serum IL-5 and ECP levels were significantly higher in atopic patients at all three time points tested, while eosinophil counts were higher in the clinical recovery and follow-up phases, but not in the acute phase. Furthermore, among atopic patients, serum ECP levels were significantly higher in the recovery and follow-up phases than in the acute phase. Conclusions The present study demonstrated significant differences in eosinophil counts, serum IL-5, and serum ECP levels between atopic and non-atopic children with MP at admission, recovery, and 2 months after clinical recovery. These outcomes are suggestive of eosinophil-related hyperreactivity in atopic children, with this status maintained for at least 2 months after MP.
A Tested Semantics for the Python Programming Language

We present a small-step operational semantics for the Python programming language. We present both a core language for Python, suitable for tools and proofs, and a translation process for converting Python source to this core. We have tested the composition of translation and evaluation of the core for conformance with the primary Python implementa- tion, thereby giving confidence in the fidelity of the seman- tics. We briefly report on the engineering of these compo- nents. Finally, we examine subtle aspects of the language, identifying scope as a pervasive concern that even impacts features that might be considered orthogonal.
The link between LUTS and ED: clinical and basic science evidence.

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are extremely prevalent in aging men. LUTS describes the symptoms that occur with dysfunction of micturition. Both storage and emptying symptoms occur. Storage symptoms refer to urinary frequency, urgency, urge incontinence, nocturia, and dysuria. Emptying symptoms include hesitancy, straining, decreased force of stream, and incomplete emptying of the bladder, including urinary retention (Wein, 1981). BPH refers specifically to the histologic benign proliferation in the prostate gland, which may or may not be associated with LUTS. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is also an extremely common problem in older men. ED is defined as the consistent inability to maintain a penile erection sufficient for adequate sexual relations (NIH, 1993). The purpose of this review is to explore the link between the 2 conditions. Simply as a result of their predominance in older men, these 2 conditions are very likely to coexist. But is age the only link between LUTS and ED? Several other hypotheses exist that link LUTS and ED. First, some have postulated that the negative impact that LUTS has on the quality of life causes ED. Second, other studies have examined the role of a hyperadrenergic state in the pelvis associated with LUTS that adversely affects erectile function. Third, pharmacotherapy for BPH may affect erectile function. Finally, in the past, invasive therapy for BPH was thought to cause ED. This paper will explore the pathophysiologic link between LUTS and ED.
A probabilistic tour of visual attention and gaze shift computational models

In this paper a number of problems are considered which are related to the modelling of eye guidance under visual attention in a natural setting. From a crude discussion of a variety of available models spelled in probabilistic terms, it appears that current approaches in computational vision are hitherto far from achieving the goal of an active observer relying upon eye guidance to accomplish real-world tasks. We argue that this challenging goal not only requires to embody, in a principled way, the problem of eye guidance within the action/perception loop, but to face the inextricable link tying up visual attention, emotion and executive control, in so far as recent neurobiological findings are weighed up.
Holistic comparison of optical routers for chip multiprocessors

Network-on-chip (NoC) can improve the performance, power efficiency, and scalability of chip multiprocessors (CMPs). However, traditional NoCs using metallic interconnects consume a significant amount of power to deliver high communication bandwidth required in the near future. Optical NoCs are based on CMOS-compatible optical waveguides and optical routers, and promise significant bandwidth and power advantages. In this work, we review different designs of 5×5 and 4×4 optical routers for mesh or torus-based optical NoCs, and compare them for cost of optical resources and optical power loss. Besides, we use a 8×8 mesh-based optical NoC as a case study and analyze the thermal-induced power overhead while using different optical routers. Results show that the number of switching stages in an optical link directly affects the total optical power loss under thermal variations. By using passive-routing optical routers, the maximum number of switching stages in a XY-routing path is minimized to three, and the thermal-induced power overhead in the optical NoC is less than the matched networks using other routers.
A miniaturized MMIC analog phase shifter using two quarter-wave-length transmission lines

A miniaturized MMIC analog phase shifter using two quarter-wave-length transmission lines is described. The number of transmission lines it uses is half that of a conventional analog phase shifter, which uses a 3-dB 90/spl deg/ branch-line hybrid. The chip size of the experimental GaAs MESFET MMIC analog phase shifter is less than 0.71 mm/sup 2/, and a phase shift of more than 100/spl deg/ and an insertion loss of 2.2/spl plusmn/0.8 dB are obtained from 19 GHz to 24 GHz.
On Computational Sentence Generation From Logical Form

This paper describes some computational and linguistical mechanisms in our program written in SIMULA to generate natural language sentences from their underlying logical structures in an extended predicate logic. After the presentation of the augumented logical formalism to deal with illocutionary acts,we explain then the basic devices used in the generation process:semiotic interpretation,orders of quantifications or derivational constraints,the referential property of variables and the Leibniz-Frege idea. Examples from system output will be given.
An Empirical Approach to Software Archaeology

The term “software archaeology” provides a useful metaphor of the tasks that a software developer has to face when performing maintenance on large software projects. The source code of a program at any point in time is the result of many different changes performed in the past, usually by several people, which can be tracked when a version control system is used. We have designed a methodology for analyzing with detail the age of the source code in such cases, and have applied it to several large software projects. As a part of the methodology, we define a set of indexes which can help to characterize the history of a software system, and discuss how those could be used to estimate its past and future maintenance. We also show how our approach to software archaeology is simple both conceptually and computationally, but still very powerful in uncovering useful information.
Sample path properties of the local time of multifractional Brownian motion

We establish estimates for the local and uniform moduli of continuity of the local time of multifractional Brownian motion, $B^H=(B^{H(t)}(t),t\in\mathbb{R}^+)$. An analogue of Chung's law of the iterated logarithm is studied for $B^H$ and used to obtain the pointwise H\"{o}lder exponent of the local time. A kind of local asymptotic self-similarity is proved to be satisfied by the local time of $B^H$.
Comparative Analysis of the Chrysanthemum Leaf Transcript Profiling in Response to Salt Stress

Salt stress has some remarkable influence on chrysanthemum growth and productivity. To understand the molecular mechanisms associated with salt stress and identify genes of potential importance in cultivated chrysanthemum, we carried out transcriptome sequencing of chrysanthemum. Two cDNA libraries were generated from the control and salt-treated samples (Sample_0510_control and Sample_0510_treat) of leaves. By using the Illumina Solexa RNA sequencing technology, 94 million high quality sequencing reads and 161,522 unigenes were generated and then we annotated unigenes through comparing these sequences to diverse protein databases. A total of 126,646 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified in leaf. Plant hormones, amino acid metabolism, photosynthesis and secondary metabolism were all changed under salt stress after the complete list of GO term and KEGG enrichment analysis. The hormone biosynthesis changing and oxidative hurt decreasing appeared to be significantly related to salt tolerance of chrysanthemum. Important protein kinases and major transcription factor families involved in abiotic stress were differentially expressed, such as MAPKs, CDPKs, MYB, WRKY, AP2 and HD-zip. In general, these results can help us to confirm the molecular regulation mechanism and also provide us a comprehensive resource of chrysanthemum under salt stress.
ENSEMBLE OF INCREMENTAL MULTILABEL CLASSIFIERS FOR TAG RECOMMENDING IN SOCIAL NETWORKS

The purpose of this article is to present profits and costs of enriching state of the art real life tag recommender system with incremental learning mechanisms. We describe modifications to a system that successfully participated in Online Task of ECML/PKDD Discovery Challenge 2009. The system’s architecture follows an idea to construct hierarchical ensemble of simple classifiers, which was implemented in various ways by the systems with highest performance in the Challenge. The system is currently integrated as a web service with BibSonomy bookmarking portal and outperforms other algorithms in terms of effective latency. We focus on incremental learning techniques that improve quality of the system’s recommendations, but do not raise maintainability, efficiency or reliability issues.
About the effects of using Anaphora Resolution in assessing free-text student answers

In this paper we present a possibility for integrating Anaphora Resolution (AR) in a system to automatically evaluate students’ free-text answers. An initial discussion introduces some of the several methods that can be tried out. The implementation makes use of the AR-Engine RARE (Cristea et al. 02), integrated into the free-text answers assessor Atenea (Alfonseca & Pérez 04) to test these methods. RARE has been applied to find coreferential chains, and it has been found useful to extend the set of reference answers used by Atenea, by generating automatically new correct answers.