Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pseudo 2D Hidden Markov Model and Neural Network Coefficients in Face Recognition

For thousands of years, humans have instinctively used some physical characteristics (such as face, voice, posture, etc.) to recognize each other. About half the 800, A. Bertillon, chief of criminal identification section of the Paris police, plans to use some measures of the human body (height, length of arms, feet, fingers, etc.) to identify those responsible crimes. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, this original idea was further developed through the discovery (due studies F. Galton and E. Henry) the distinctiveness of fingerprints: they uniquely identify a person. Today, in full digital era, huge numbers of people use individual recognition techniques based on the identification of human characteristics, not only in justice but in civil and military applications. In fact, the only way to conclusively identify an individual is to recognize the personal characteristics. These are defined biometric features and, the technology behind this identification is called Biometric. The term Biometric, from the greek bios (life) and meters (measure), in computer sense, means the automatic identification or verification of the identity of a person based on physical characteristics and/or behavioral (CNIPA, 2004). Biometric feature is described as a physiological or behavioral characteristic that can be measured and subsequently identified to confirm the identity of a person. We can then divide the biometrics in:  physical biometric: it is that based on data derived from measurements made on a person's physical characteristics such as iris, fingerprint, facial features, hand or other;  behavioral biometric: it is that based on aspects linked to behavioral characteristics such as, for example, the issue of voice, dynamic signing, or the type of gait. As each biometric process starts with a preliminary phase called "enrollment" in which, generally, the person must provide the biometric system, through a sensor, its characteristic physical and behavioral, which is then converted into a mathematical model (template), two operating modes of biometrics are: 9
Political analysis : an annual publication of the methodology section of the American Political Science Association

"Political Analysis" is an annual publication sponsored by the methodology section of the American Political Science Association. Now in its seventh year, the annual publishes scholarly articles on topics related to all areas of political science methodology, broadly defined. Methodology includes research design, measurement and measurement theory, estimation, statistical inference, simulation, mathematical modeling, and other topics.This volume joins its predecessors as a publication of great value in disseminating new methodological research.Walter R. Mebane, Jr., is Associate Professor of Government, Cornell University.ContentsAn Empirical Spatial Model of Congressional Campaigns, "Nolan McCarthy and Keith T. Poole"The Rising Hazards of Party Incumbency: A Discrete Renewal Analysis, "Tse-min Lin and Montserrat Guillen"Recent Developments in Dynamic Econometric Modeling: A Personal Viewpoint, "G. S. Maddala"Unified Models of Turnout and Vote Choice for Two-Candidate and Three-Candidate Elections, "Mitchell S. Sanders"Timing of Vote Decisions in First and Second Order Dutch Elections 19781995: Evidence from Artificial Neural Networks, "Rob Eisinga, Philip Hans Franses, and Dick van Dijk"If the Assumption fits . A Comment on the King Ecological Inference Solution, "Wendy K. Tam Cho"Measurement Models for Time Series Analysis: Estimating Dynamic Linear Errors-in-Variables Models, "Gregory E. McAvoy"Genetic Optimization Using Derivatives, "Jasjeet S. Sekhon and Walter R. Mebane, Jr."
Analysis of Lidar Elevation Data for Improved Identification and Delineation of Lands Vulnerable to Sea-Level Rise

Abstract The importance of sea-level rise in shaping coastal landscapes is well recognized within the earth science community, but as with many natural hazards, communicating the risks associated with sea-level rise remains a challenge. Topography is a key parameter that influences many of the processes involved in coastal change, and thus, up-to-date, high-resolution, high-accuracy elevation data are required to model the coastal environment. Maps of areas subject to potential inundation have great utility to planners and managers concerned with the effects of sea-level rise. However, most of the maps produced to date are simplistic representations derived from older, coarse elevation data. In the last several years, vast amounts of high quality elevation data derived from lidar have become available. Because of their high vertical accuracy and spatial resolution, these lidar data are an excellent source of up-to-date information from which to improve identification and delineation of vulnerable lands. Four elevation datasets of varying resolution and accuracy were processed to demonstrate that the improved quality of lidar data leads to more precise delineation of coastal lands vulnerable to inundation. A key component of the comparison was to calculate and account for the vertical uncertainty of the elevation datasets. This comparison shows that lidar allows for a much more detailed delineation of the potential inundation zone when compared to other types of elevation models. It also shows how the certainty of the delineation of lands vulnerable to a given sea-level rise scenario is much improved when derived from higher resolution lidar data.
EXTENSIONS OF THE TRUESKILL RATING SYSTEM

The TrueSkill Bayesian rating system, developed a few years ago in Microsoft Research, provides an accurate probabilistic model for estimating relative skills of participants in the most general situation of participants re-organizing into different teams for each game. However, in cases when data on each participant is scarce, the teams may be of different size and their strength does not grow proportional to the size the TrueSkill system does not cope so well. We present several extensions and ramifications of the TrueSkill system and compare their predictive power on a testbed that exhibits all the problems described above.
Comparative Review of Approved Melatonin Agonists for the Treatment of Circadian Rhythm Sleep‐Wake Disorders

Circadian rhythm sleep‐wake disorders (CRSWDs) are characterized by persistent or recurrent patterns of sleep disturbance related primarily to alterations of the circadian rhythm system or the misalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythm and exogenous factors that affect the timing or duration of sleep. These disorders collectively represent a significant unmet medical need, with a total prevalence in the millions, a substantial negative impact on quality of life, and a lack of studied treatments for most of these disorders. Activation of the endogenous melatonin receptors appears to play an important role in setting the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Therefore, melatonin agonists, which may be able to shift and/or stabilize the circadian phase, have been identified as potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of CRSWDs. Currently, only one melatonin receptor agonist, tasimelteon, is approved for the treatment of a CRSWD: non–24‐hour sleep‐wake disorder (or non‐24). However, three additional commercially available melatonin receptor agonists—agomelatine, prolonged‐release melatonin, and ramelteon—have been investigated for potential use for treatment of CRSWDs. Data indicate that these melatonin receptor agonists have distinct pharmacologic profiles that may help clarify their clinical use in CRSWDs. We review the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of these melatonin agonists and summarize their efficacy profiles when used for the treatment of CRSWDs. Further studies are needed to determine the therapeutic potential of these melatonin agonists for most CRSWDs.
BATTLE OF TWO LOGICS: APPROPRIATENESS AND CONSEQUENTIALITY IN RUSSIAN INTERVENTIONS IN GEORGIA

Abstract The article offers a discussion of the two logics that govern the behavior of organizational actors – the logic of appropriateness and the logic of expected consequences – by transferring them into the realm of international relations, in particular, in explaining the causes and reasoning behind third party military interventions into the domestic affairs of other states. The article provides a theoretical novelty of assessing the success of interventions not by durability of peace as their main aim, but by actual fulfillment of their interventionary goals and objective, which shall be considered when discussing the pros and cons of the two logics. By analyzing the case of the Russian interventions in Georgian starting from 1992 and ending with the recent war in South Ossetia in 2008, the author argues that the likelihood of success of interventions is higher when the two logics are merged and not separated from each other in guiding the decision-makers in their actions. Keywords:
A 15-b 1-Msample/s digitally self-calibrated pipeline ADC

A 15-b 1-Msample/s digitally self-calibrated pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented. A radix 1.93, 1 b per stage design is employed. The digital self-calibration accounts for capacitor mismatch, comparator offset, charge injection, finite op-amp gain, and capacitor nonlinearity contributing to DNL. A THD of -90 dB was measured with a 9.8756-kHz sine-wave input. The DNL was measured to be within +or-0.25 LSB at 15 b, and the INL was measured to be within +or-1.25 LSB at 15 b. The die area is 9.3 mm*8.3 mm and operates on +or-4-V power supply with 1.8-W power dissipation. The ADC is fabricated in an 11-V, 4-GHz, 2.4- mu m BiCMOS process. >
Dual decomposition method for chinese predicate-argument structure analysis

Most of the previous work on predicate-argument(PA) structure analysis utilized pipeline strategies with several subtasks. However, when the subtasks are sequentially processed, the errors propagate from the preceding subtasks to consecutive subtasks. In this paper, the PA structure analysis is divided into three subtasks: predicate sense disambiguation, argument classification and argument identification. A dual decomposition method is used to join the latter two subtasks, which alleviates the error propagation by making the decisions from the two subtasks as consistent as possible. Furthermore the predicate sense disambiguation task is integrated into the argument classification task by handling syntactic dependencies and semantic dependencies between a predicate and its arguments. Experiments show that our approach achieves competitive results compared to the state-of-the-art systems without special feature selection procedures.
Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates: Antibiotic Susceptibility, Molecular Characteristics, and Ability to Form Biofilm

Periodic monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus characteristics in a locality is imperative as their drug-resistant variants cause treatment problem. In this study, antibiograms, prevalence of toxin genes (sea-see, seg-ser, seu, tsst-1, eta, etb, and etd), PFGE types, accessory gene regulator (agr) groups, and ability to form biofilm of 92 S. aureus Thailand clinical isolates were investigated. They were classified into 10 drug groups: groups 1–7 (56 isolates) were methicillin resistant (MRSA) and 8–10 (36 isolates) were methicillin sensitive (MSSA). One isolate did not have any toxin gene, 4 isolates carried one toxin gene (seq), and 87 isolates had two or more toxin genes. No isolate had see, etb, or tsst-1; six isolates had eta or etd. Combined seg-sei-sem-sen-seo of the highly prevalent egc locus was 26.1%. The seb, sec, sel, seu, and eta associated significantly with MSSA; sek was more in MRSA. The sek-seq association was 52.17% while combined sed-sej was not found. Twenty-three PFGE types were revealed, no association of toxin genes with PFGE types. All four agr groups were present; agr group 1 was predominant (58.70%) but agr group 2 strains carried more toxin genes and were more frequent toxin producers. Biofilm formation was found in 72.83% of the isolates but there was no association with antibiograms. This study provides insight information on molecular and phenotypic markers of Thailand S. aureus clinical isolates which should be useful for future active surveillance that aimed to control a spread of existing antimicrobial resistant bacteria and early recognition of a newly emerged variant.
Utilization of texture, contrast and color homogeneity for detecting and recognizing text from video frames

It is possible to index and manage large video archives in a more efficient manner by detecting and recognizing text within video frames. There are some inherent properties of videotext, such as distinguishing texture, higher contrast against background, and uniform color, making it detectable. By employing these properties, it is possible to detect text regions and binarize the image for character recognition, in this paper, a complete framework for detection and recognition of videotext is presented. The results from Gabor-based texture analysis, contrast-based segmentation and color homogeneity are merged to obtain minimum number of candidate regions before binarization. The performance of the system is tested for its recognition rate for various combinations and it is observed that the results give recognition rates, reasonable for most practical purposes.
Somatic Symptoms Evoked by Exam Stress in University Students: The Role of Alexithymia, Neuroticism, Anxiety and Depression

Objective The etiology of somatization is incompletely understood, but could be elucidated by models of psychosocial stress. Academic exam stress has effectively been applied as a naturalistic stress model, however its effect on somatization symptoms according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria has not been reported so far. Baseline associations between somatization and personality traits, such as alexithymia, have been studied exhaustively. Nevertheless, it is largely unknown if personality traits have an explanatory value for stress induced somatization. Methods This longitudinal, quasi-experimental study assessed the effects of university exams on somatization — and the reversal of effects after an exam-free period. Repeated-observations were obtained within 150 students, measuring symptom intensity before, during and after an exam period, according to the Screening for Somatoform Symptoms 7-day (SOMS-7d). Additionally, self-reports on health status were used to differentiate between medically explained and medically unexplained symptoms. Alexithymia, neuroticism, trait-anxiety and baseline depression were surveyed using the Toronto-Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Big-Five Personality Interview (NEO-FFI), the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-II). These traits were competitively tested for their ability to explain somatization increases under exam stress. Results Somatization significantly increased across a wide range of symptoms under exam stress, while health reports pointed towards a reduction in acute infections and injuries. Neuroticism, alexithymia, trait anxiety and depression explained variance in somatization at baseline, but only neuroticism was associated with symptom increases under exam stress. Conclusion Exam stress is an effective psychosocial stress model inducing somatization. A comprehensive quantitative description of bodily symptoms under exam stress is supplied. The results do not support the stress-alexithymia hypothesis, but favor neuroticism as a personality trait of importance for somatization.
Langlands Functoriality Conjecture

Functoriality conjecture is one of the central subjects of the present-day mathematics. Functoriality is the profound problem formulated by Robert Langlands in the late 1960s in order to establish nonabelian class field theory. In this expository paper, we describe the Langlands-Shahidi method, the local and global Langlands conjectures and the converse theorems which are powerful tools for the establishment of functoriality of some important cases, and survey the interesting results related to functoriality conjecture.
Detecting misreporting attacks to the proportional fair scheduler

The Proportional Fair Scheduler (PFS) has become a popular channel-aware resource allocation method in wireless networks, as it effectively exploits multiuser diversity while providing fairness to users. PFS decisions on which mobile station (MS) to schedule next are based on Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) values. Since CQI values are reported by the MSs to the scheduler, network performance can be severely degraded if some malicious MSs report forged information. Previous approaches to this security issue are based either on modifying PFS, which may be undesirable in some contexts, or authenticating CQI reports by periodic transmission of challenges, which increases overhead. Instead, we propose to detect misreporting attackers, based on the time correlation features of the wireless channel. Our approach does not require scheduler modification, and it does not increase overhead. Simulation results under realistic settings are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed test.
S-bearing molecules in massive dense cores

Context. Although few in number, high-mass stars play a major role in the interstellar energy budget and the shaping of the Galactic environment; however, the formation of high-mass stars is not well understood, because of their large distances, short time scales, and heavy extinction. Aims. The chemical composition of the massive cores forming high-mass stars can put some constraints on the time scale of the massive star formation: sulfur chemistry is of specific interest thanks to its rapid evolution in warm gas and because the abundance of sulfur-bearing species increases significantly with the temperature. Methods. Two mid-infrared quiet and two brighter massive cores were observed in various transitions (E_(up) to 289 K) of CS, OCS, H_2S, SO, and SO_2 and of their ^(34)S isotopologues at mm wavelengths with the IRAM 30m and CSO telescopes. The 1D modeling of the dust continuum is used to derive the density and temperature laws, which were then applied in the RATRAN code to modeling the observed line emission and to deriving the relative abundances of the molecules. Results. All lines are detected, except the highest energy SO_2 transition. Infall (up to 2.9 km s^(-1)) may be detected towards the core W43MM1. The inferred mass rate is 5.8–9.4 10^(-2) M_⊙/yr. We propose an evolutionary sequence of our sources (W43MM1 → IRAS18264-1152 → IRAS05358+3543 → IRAS18162-2048), based on the SED analysis. The analysis of the variations in abundance ratios from source to source reveals that the SO and SO_2 relative abundances increase with time, while CS and OCS decrease. Conclusions. Molecular ratios, such as [OCS/H_2S], [CS/H_2S], [SO/OCS], [SO_2/OCS], [CS/SO], and [SO_2/SO] may be good indicators of evolution, depending on layers probed by the observed molecular transitions. Observations of molecular emission from warmer layers, so that involving higher upper energy levels must be included.
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE, DAN TIPE KEPEMILIKAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP LUAS VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE LAPORAN KEUANGAN TAHUNAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah variabel ukuran perubahan, leverage, profitabilitas dan tipe kepemilikan perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap luas voluntary disclosure laporan tahunan. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu terdiri dari 8 perusahaan yang bergerak dalam manufaktur. Pengolahan dan analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan program SPSS. Pengujian data yang digunakan untuk regresi linear berganda yaitu uji asumsi klasik. Hasil penelitian ini didapat bahwa variabel ukuran perusahaan, leverage, profitabilitas dan tipe kepemilikan perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap luas voluntary disclosure laporan tahunan.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Outer Membrane Porin Gene ompW Reveals its Physiological Role during the Transition from the Aerobic to the Anaerobic Lifestyle of Escherichia coli

Understanding bacterial physiology relies on elucidating the regulatory mechanisms and cellular functions of those differentially expressed genes in response to environmental changes. A widespread Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane protein OmpW has been implicated in the adaptation to stresses in various species. It is recently found to be present in the regulon of the global anaerobic transcription factor FNR and ArcA in Escherichia coli. However, little is known about the physiological implications of this regulatory disposition. In this study, we demonstrate that transcription of ompW is indeed mediated by a series of global regulators involved in the anaerobiosis of E. coli. We show that FNR can both activate and repress the expression of ompW through its direct binding to two distinctive sites, -81.5 and -126.5 bp respectively, on ompW promoter. ArcA also participates in repression of ompW under anaerobic condition, but in an FNR dependent manner. Additionally, ompW is also subject to the regulation by CRP and NarL which senses the availability and types of carbon sources and respiration electron acceptors in the environment respectively, implying a role of OmpW in the carbon and energy metabolism of E. coli during its anaerobic adaptation. Molecular docking reveals that OmpW can bind fumarate, an alternative electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration, with sufficient affinity. Moreover, supplement of fumarate or succinate which belongs to the C4-dicarboxylates family of metabolite, to E. coli culture rescues OmpW-mediated colicin S4 killing. Taken together, we propose that OmpW is involved in anaerobic carbon and energy metabolism to mediate the transition from aerobic to anaerobic lifestyle in E. coli.
An alternative heuristic for capacitated p-median problem (CPMP)

The p-median (PMP) has the objective of minimizing total distance, a customer/patient needs to travel in order to get a service. Various algorithms have been developed to solve the problem and in this paper, an alternative approach of Genetic Algorithm based heuristics is used to solve the problem in minimizing the travelled distance for a patient to get healthcare service. Combination of the nearly-optimal number of facilities to open and the random node order assignment is used to minimize the average traveled distance. The approach is used to solve a capacitated PMP (or CPMP) and found to solve all the CPMP in shorter time and in more promising result.