Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localization in situ of costimulatory molecules and cytokines in B‐cell non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Costimulatory molecules are essential in cognate interactions between T and B lymphocytes. To study the prerequisites of functional interactions between malignant B cells and intermingled T cells in B‐cell non‐Hodgkin’s lymphomas (B‐NHL), we examined the expression of CD40, CD80 and CD86 and their ligands CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154), CD28 and CTLA4 (CD152) using immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Almost all mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) NHL were positive for CD40 and CD80 and in nine out of 14 cases were positive for CD86. The majority of follicle centre cell lymphomas (FCCL) expressed CD40, but were heterogeneous in their expression of CD80 and CD86. Most diffuse large cell lymphomas (DLCL) were CD80+, but lacked expression of CD86. These patterns reflect the differences in phenotype of normal marginal‐zone B cells (as counterparts of MALT NHL) and germinal centre cells (as counterparts of FCCL and DLCL). Counter‐receptors on T cells were detectable in 13 of 14 MALT NHL, 12 of 16 FCCL but only occasionally in DLCL (three of 12 cases). A subgroup of FCCL was identified with T‐cell expression of CD40L, CD28 and CTLA4 simultaneously with strong expression of CD40 and CD86 on the tumour B cells. These results indicate that MALT NHL and a subset of FCCL are most optimally equipped for functional interactions with T cells. This may be supported by the demonstration of cytokine production – mainly in T cells – in MALT NHL [interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), IL‐10] and FCCL (IL‐2, IFN‐γ) and to a lesser extent in DLCL.
Effect of the Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase by a Thiophosphotyrosine Peptide on Glucose Transport in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes (*)

Insulin causes the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) through complexation of tyrosine-phosphorylated YMXM motifs on insulin receptor substrate 1 with the Src homology 2 domains of PI 3-kinase. Previous studies with inhibitors have indicated that activation of PI 3-kinase is necessary for the stimulation of glucose transport in adipocytes. Here, we investigate whether this activation is sufficient for this effect. Short peptides containing two tyrosine-phosphorylated or thiophosphorylated YMXM motifs potently activated PI 3-kinase in the cytosol from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Introduction of the phosphatase-resistant thiophosphorylated peptide into 3T3-L1 adipocytes through permeabilization with Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin stimulated PI 3-kinase as strongly as insulin. However, under the same conditions the peptide increased glucose transport into the permeabilized cells only 20% as well as insulin. Determination of the distribution of the glucose transporter isotype GLUT4 by confocal immunofluorescence showed that GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane can account for the effect of the peptide. These results suggest that one or more other insulin-triggered signaling pathways, besides the PI 3-kinase one, participate in the stimulation of glucose transport.
A Knowledge-Based Service Approach for Human-Centered Robots

This paper proposes a knowledge-based approach for adopting user's preferences and policies to plan and execute various services by a human-centered robot. To create an image of an obedient assistant in user's mind, we have suggested developing a robot that can customize its services according to user's guidelines. For materializing our idea, we have presented our knowledge-based human-centered (KBH) architecture. Using the deductive database technology, we have also presented some results demonstrating how our robot can take the high-level know ledge of user's guidelines into account and plan and execute an object delivery service accordingly.
Numerical simulation of electromagnetic-wave propagation for land mine detection using GPR

The ground penetrating radar (GPR) has demonstrated good potential for the remote imaging of surface-laid or shallow-buried landmine-like objects (typically ~ 5-30 cm) and its use is currently receiving much attention. It has turned out to be a promising alternative technology for low dielectric contrast objects, a difficult detection situation that is often encountered in practise (e.g. detection of plastic mines in dry or sandy soils environment). This paper examines numerically the imaging of buried objects using ultrawide-band (UWB) time domain radar. We develop a simplified model to characterize the system, air-ground-buried targets-antennas and simulate the electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering at a bandwidth of 0.5-2.5 Ghz. All the elements need to be modelled simultaneously in order to obtain an accurate estimation of our radar performance and surface response to the incoming radar pulses. The final goal is to improve the detection rate of plastic antipersonnel mines, reducing the false alarm level. We show some simulated results in 2D and 3D assuming plane waves and afterwards we introduce a model for our GPR antennas to characterize the real source.
Repeated exposure to the Mini‐Mental State Examination and the Information‐Memory‐Concentration Test results in a practice effect in Alzheimer's disease

We analyzed short-term variation of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Information-Memory-Concentration (IMC) Test scores in 39 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), tested four times over 6 weeks. Although analysis of variance had failed to show a significant “learning” effect or other trends, we reexamined the data using repeated measures models, with and without a learning effect. In the model without a learning effect, mean MMSE scores decreased minimally and mean IMC scores decreased by 0.84 points over 6 weeks. In the model that allowed a potential learning effect between the first and second test sessions, scores increased significantly, by 1.12 ± 0.47 points for the MMSE and 1.04 ± 0.43 points for the IMC Test. Patients' test scores predicted from the models had less variability than did their raw scores. The short-term practice effect, although small, should be considered in interpreting changes in scores, especially in therapeutic studies in AD.
Institutional Quality and Economic Growth (in Korean)

This study investigates the link between institutional quality and economic growth. Our theoretical investigation suggests that good institutions can achieve long-run economic growth by making consensus building relatively easy to promote the adoption of good economic policies. The members in such society easily accept the outcome of the economic policies. This, in turn, implies the adoption of a good economic policy that will ensure future economic growth. We employ a pooled data consisting of about 50 countries over a period of 30 years (1981-2010) and the result shows that institutional quality measured by corruption and the rule of law has a significantly positive effect on long-run economic growth. Also, introducing instrument variables to solve an endogeneity problem associated with institutional quality enables us to show that social conflict variables such as high levels of trust and democracy can be conducive to improving institutional quality.
Aberrant Retinoblastoma (RB)-E2F Transcriptional Regulation Defines Molecular Phenotypes of Osteosarcoma*

Background: Gene expression signatures define prognostically significant osteosarcoma phenotypes. Results: Deregulation of the RB-E2F pathway establishes more aggressive phenotype. Inhibitors of DNA and chromatin remodeling promote comparable transcriptional changes as genetic restoration of RB. Conclusion: Aberrant RB-E2F pathway alters epigenetic landscape and biological behavior of osteosarcoma. Significance: Epigenetic remodeling regulated by RB-E2F gives rise to patterns of gene expression that are associated with different biological behavior and progression of osteosarcoma. We previously identified two distinct molecular subtypes of osteosarcoma through gene expression profiling. These subtypes are associated with distinct tumor behavior and clinical outcomes. Here, we describe mechanisms that give rise to these molecular subtypes. Using bioinformatic analyses, we identified a significant association between deregulation of the retinoblastoma (RB)-E2F pathway and the molecular subtype with worse clinical outcomes. Xenotransplantation models recapitulated the corresponding behavior for each osteosarcoma subtype; thus, we used cell lines to validate the role of the RB-E2F pathway in regulating the prognostic gene signature. Ectopic RB resets the patterns of E2F regulated gene expression in cells derived from tumors with worse clinical outcomes (molecular phenotype 2) to those comparable with those observed in cells derived from tumors with less aggressive outcomes (molecular phenotype 1), providing a functional association between RB-E2F dysfunction and altered gene expression in osteosarcoma. DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors similarly reset the transcriptional state of the molecular phenotype 2 cells from a state associated with RB deficiency to one seen with RB sufficiency. Our data indicate that deregulation of RB-E2F pathway alters the epigenetic landscape and biological behavior of osteosarcoma.
Reliability analysis of hybrid renewable energy system by fault tree analysis

This study is based on the simulation and optimization of renewable energy system of a Police Control Room Sagar Central India. The meteorological data of solar insolation, hourly wind speed, are taken from Sagar Central India (Longitude 78° 45′ and Latitude 23°50) and the pattern of load consumption of Police control room is studied and suitably modeled for the optimization of the hybrid energy system using HOMER software. The report offers a reliability assessment of hybrid renewable energy system of the field region. Weather data and the load profile of the study area are recorded and fault tree analysis is used for the reliability assessment of hybrid renewable energy system which further provides a static depiction of the combinations of failures and actions that can cause the specified critical fault to occur.
Detecting Clocking Attack in Contactless Access Control Systems

Contactless access control systems (referred to as CACS) exchange information between contactless smart cards and readers. They have been widely employed in our daily life. To ensure the correctness, both sides of the communication need to be synchronized by embedding synchronization clock into data. However, the clock can be speeded up by attacker to shorten the processing time of demodulating received signals andreplyinadvance. Toaddressthisproblem, inthispaper, we propose the first general cross-layer scheme to detect clocking attack in CACS by combing data integrity protection and physical layer implementation. Smart cards feed back checksum of synchronization clock by shifting the response signal's frequency instead of transmitting extra bits. Hence, attacker can'tmodifythefeedbackchecksum. Readercanusechecksum to check whether communication is under clocking attack or not. We show the proposed scheme can be implemented in contactless smart cards and conduct extensive experiments on existing computational radio frequency identification (RFID) tags and reader.
Modeling of Breast Cancer Cell Through Atomic Force Microscope

We study the biomechanical properties of MCF7 breast cancer cell based on an experimental measurement using atomic force microscopy (AFM). This paper consists of two parts. The first part corresponds to the experimental measurement of the force and displacement of the cell during probing through atomic force microscope. The second part which is the modeling part describes the mathematical relationship between nominal stress and nominal strain based on Neo-Hookean model. We found the material parameters of MCF7 cell in 3 experiments that C1 are 2.12x10-6 Pa, 2.72x10-6 Pa and 2.31 x10-6 Pa and D1 are 944.91 Pa, 736.08 Pa and 867.46 Pa respectively. Hence, we used these parameters and displacement to create a finite element model in ABAQUS. The model is capable of determining the forces-displacement and was then compared with the experiment data of force - indentation curve. The results of indentation force between AFM measurement and finite element model by ABAQUS are within the same range.
An Improved RSSI-Based Positioning Method Using Sector Transmission Model and Distance Optimization Technique

This paper focuses on the positioning algorithm suitable for harsh indoor environment such as manufacturing workshop in which the interferences from different directions cannot be neglected. The positioning algorithm is an improved Received Signal Strength Indication- (RSSI-) based ranging method. To preprocess the RSSI data Gaussian filter and mean filter are adopted. A sector transmission model is constructed and applied to divide the area around the anchor node into several sectors, and the shadowing model of each sector is measured. Then the average of all RSSI values in a particular sector is considered as the final RSSI value for distance calculation. The calculated distances designated for trilateration are also optimized to eliminate the abnormal distances from positioning calculations. Positioning experiment is designed via ZigBee facilities. The results show that the proposed algorithm greatly improves the positioning accuracy and stability; for instance, the average positioning error is reduced from 1.32 m to 0.79 m. Moreover, this study also proves that the node position has great influence on the positioning accuracy.
Prediction of outcome using the Mannheim peritonitis index in 2003 patients

Early prognostic evaluation of abdominal sepsis is desirable to select high‐risk patients for more aggressive therapeutic procedures and to provide objective classification of the severity of disease. The reliability of the Mannheim peritonitis index was assessed and its predictive power for different populations examined in a study of 2003 patients from seven centres in three European countries. The prevalence of risk factors varied considerably between the groups. For a threshold index score of 26, the sensitivity was 86 (range 54–98) per cent, specificity 74 (range 58–97) per cent and accuracy 83 (range 70–94) per cent in predicting death. For patients with a score less than 21 the mean mortality rate was 2.3 (range 0–11) per cent, for score 21–29 22.5 (range 10.6–50) per cent and for score greater than 29 59.1 (range 41–87) per cent. The mean index score and mean mortality rate correlated in the different groups, reflecting a homogeneous standard of therapy for peritonitis. The Mannheim peritonitis index provides an easy and reliable means of risk evaluation and classification for patients with peritoneal inflammation.
Automated Sentiment Analysis in Tourism: Comparison of Approaches

Interest in applying Big Data to tourism is increasing, and automated sentiment analysis has been used to extract public opinion from various sources. This article evaluates the suitability of different types of automated classifiers for applications typical in tourism, hospitality, and marketing studies by comparing their performance to that of human raters. While the commonly used performance indices suggest that on easier-to-classify data sets machine learning methods demonstrate performance comparable to that by human raters, other performance measures such as Cohen’s kappa show that the results of machine learning are still inferior to manual processing. On more difficult and noisy data sets, automated analysis has poorer performance than human raters. The article discusses issues pertinent to selection of appropriate sentiment analysis software and offers a word of caution against using automated classifiers uncritically.
Effect of Intranasal Cocaine on Experimental Pain in Man

Sixteen healthy male volunteers had 30 mg of cocaine HCI solution or normal saline placebo impregnated in cotton-covered applicators administered intranasally on different days in a double-blind procedure. Ischemic tourniquet pain was significantly less after cocaine than it was in pretreatment control. It was also significantly less than after administration of a placebo. Responses to questionnaires concerning subjective drug effects, mood, and alertness revealed little change in psychological status associated with either cocaine or placebo. Thus, the reported decrease in pain was probably not caused by a change in affect or by altered consciousness. These results indicate that, in addition to its known properties as a local anesthetic, cocaine when applied intranasally exerts an analgesic effect.
Cumulative trauma, gender discrimination and mental health in women: mediating role of self-esteem

Abstract Background: Evidence suggests that women show symptoms of trauma-related symptoms more often than men. Gender discrimination is also associated with the severity of symptoms in women. Aims: This study explored the relations among cumulative trauma, gender discrimination and mental health in women with a mediating role of self-esteem and emotion regulation. Two types of gender discrimination were taken into account: discrimination by parents and in the social context. Cumulative trauma over the lifetime was assessed, as well as three types of symptoms: internalising, externalising, psychoticism. Methods: A total of 277 females from Poland participated in the study. It was hypothesised that gender discrimination and cumulative trauma would be positively related to symptoms and that lowered self-esteem mediates these relations. Results: Hypotheses received partial confirmation, as both gender discrimination and cumulative trauma have been shown to be related to three types of symptoms. Self-esteem was a partial mediator between gender discrimination in the social context and symptoms. It was also demonstrated that emotion suppression is a partial mediator between cumulative trauma and symptoms. Conclusions: It has been demonstrated that socio-cultural factors, such as gender discrimination, play an important role in psychiatric symptoms development.
UltraWide Band Cognitive Pulse Shaping under Physical-Layer QoS Constraints

Ultra Wide Band (UWB) communication systems operate in the frequency range between 0 and 10.6 GHz so they induce the Scientific Community to solve the problem of coexistence with concurrent telecommunication services. This is the leading reason why both the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) gave strict indications about the spectral limits to be respected and require the transmitter and receiver to be compliant with these spectral masks. To this end, it is mandatory to carefully shape the UWB pulse, for this can be accurately designed so as to avoid severe performance reduction while guarding inter-systems coexistence. The UWB technology and, more, the pulse shaping allow to apply the cognitive paradigm where the transmitter and receiver are the actors of this functionality since the performance are tied to channel features and interference presence. The widespread choice of Gaussian-like pulses has proven, however, largely suboptimal from a power emission point of view since they fail to optimize performance. Goal of this contribution is to show how to achieve a good compromise between spectral emission, rate and synchronization errors robustness, via a modified version of the Parks-McClellan method, considering channel impairments due to its frequency-selective nature and to the inter-pulse interference.
Preceding winter La Niña reduces Indian summer monsoon rainfall

Leaving out the strong El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) years, our understanding in the interannual variation of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) stands poor for the rest. This study quantifies the role of ENSO in the preceding winter on ISMR with a particular emphasis on ENSO-neutral summer and La Niña winter. Results show that, unlike the simultaneous ENSO-ISMR relationship, La Niña of previous winter reduces mean rainfall over the country by about 4% even during ENSO neutral summer. Moreover, when ENSO changes phase from La Niña in winter to El Niño in summer, ISMR is anomalously lower than during persisting El Niño years (−14.5% and −5.3%, respectively), increasing the probability of severe drought. This suppression effect of La Niña of the preceding winter on summer monsoon precipitation over India is mostly experienced in its western and southern parts. Principal component analysis of the zonal propagation of surface pressure anomalies from winter to summer along Northern Hemisphere subtropics decomposes interannual variations of seasonally persisting anomalies from zonal propagations. The dominant modes are associated with the seasonal transition of the ENSO phase, and are well correlated with date of onset and seasonal mean rainfall of monsoon over India. These results improve our understanding of the interannual variations of ISMR and could be used for diagnostics of general circulation models.
Scaling behaviour of Treasury rates in India

ABSTRACT This study finds that the scaling properties of India’s nominal and real Treasury rates are time varying, as is their multiscaling behaviour. We observe an association between the scaling behaviour of interest rates and the stages of development of the bill market. Interest rate behaviour is influenced by structural reforms, microstructure changes, and improvement in the operational efficiency of the Treasury market. Our findings suggest that monetary policy shocks have a persistent effect, but rates eventually revert to the mean. We show that the adaptive market hypothesis helps to delineate the dynamics of an emerging market undergoing a series of institutional and structural changes.
Refining the Structural Model of a Heterohexameric Protein Complex: Surface Induced Dissociation and Ion Mobility Provide Key Connectivity and Topology Information

Toyocamycin nitrile hydratase (TNH) is a protein hexamer that catalyzes the hydration of toyocamycin to produce sangivamycin. The structure of hexameric TNH and the arrangement of subunits within the complex, however, have not been solved by NMR or X-ray crystallography. Native mass spectrometry (MS) clearly shows that TNH is composed of two copies each of the α, β, and γ subunits. Previous surface induced dissociation (SID) tandem mass spectrometry on a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) platform suggests that the TNH hexamer is a dimer composed of two αβγ trimers; furthermore, the results suggest that α–β interact most strongly (Blackwell et al. Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 2862–286521417466). Here, multiple complementary MS based approaches and homology modeling have been applied to refine the structure of TNH. Solution-phase organic solvent disruption coupled with native MS agrees with the previous SID results. By coupling surface induced dissociation with ion mobility mass spectrometry (SID/IM), further information on the intersubunit contacts and relative interfacial strengths are obtained. The results show that TNH is a dimer of αβγ trimers, that within the trimer the α, β subunits bind most strongly, and that the primary contact between the two trimers is through a γ–γ interface. Collisional cross sections (CCSs) measured from IM experiments are used as constraints for postulating the arrangement of the subunits represented by coarse-grained spheres. Covalent labeling (surface mapping) together with protein complex homology modeling and docking of trimers to form hexamer are utilized with all the above information to propose the likely quaternary structure of TNH, with chemical cross-linking providing cross-links consistent with the proposed structure. The novel feature of this approach is the use of SID-MS with ion mobility to define complete connectivity and relative interfacial areas of a heterohexameric protein complex, providing much more information than is available from solution disruption. That information, when combined with CCS-guided coarse-grained modeling and covalent labeling restraints for homology modeling and trimer–trimer docking, provides atomic models of a previously uncharacterized heterohexameric protein complex.