Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact ofJumps inVolatility and Returns

This paper examines continuous-time stochastic volatility models incorporating jumps in returns and volatility.We develop a likelihood-based estimation strategy and provide estimates of parameters, spot volatility, jump times, and jump sizes using S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100 index returns. Estimates of jump times, jump sizes, and volatility are particularly useful for identifying the effects of these factors during periods of market stress, such as those in 1987, 1997, and 1998. Using formal and informal diagnostics, we ¢nd strong evidence for jumps in volatility and jumps in returns. Finally, we study how these factors and estimation risk impact option pricing. A SURPRISING RECENT FINDING INDICATES that models with both di¡usive stochastic volatility and jumps in returns are incapable of fully capturing the empirical features of equity index returns or option prices (see, e.g., Bakshi, Cao, and Chen (1997), Bates (2000), and Pan (2002)). Empirical evidence indicates that the conditional volatility of returns rapidly increases, a movement di⁄cult to generate using a di¡usion speci¢cation for volatility and jumps in returns. In this paper, we propose to remedy this problem by incorporating jumps in stochastic volatility, and we provide empirical evidence supporting the presence and importance of this additional factor. Intuitively, what is it that jumps in volatility provide that jumps in returns and di¡usive stochastic volatility cannot? Jumps in returns can generate large movements such as the crash of 1987, but the impact of a jump is transient: A jump in returns today has no impact on the future distribution of returns. On the other hand, di¡usive volatility is highly persistent, but its dynamics are driven by a Brownian motion. For this reason, di¡usive stochastic volatility can only inTHE JOURNAL OF FINANCE VOL. LVIII, NO. 3 JUNE 2003 Eraker is at the Economics Department, Duke University; Johannes is at the Graduate School of Business, Columbia University; and Polson is at the Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago. For helpful comments, we thank David Bates, Mike Chernov, Paul Conway, Anne Gron, Lars Hansen, an anonymous referee, and seminar participants at the 2001 Western Finance Assocation conference, Columbia, Duke, NYU, and Wharton. Rob Engle deserves special thanks for his discussion of the paper. All remaining errors are our own. Bates (2000), Du⁄e, Pan, and Singleton (2000) and Pan (2002) provide evidence for the presence of positive jumps in volatility. For example, Bates (p. 219), referring to large increases observed in volatility, argues that ‘‘the high improbability of those outliers given the di¡usion assumptions indicates that the true conditional transition distribution is far more leptokurtotic than hypothesized, and suggests that the factors underlying option prices follow jump processes. ’’
The Streaming-DMT of Fading Channels

We consider the sequential transmission of a stream of messages over a block-fading multi-input-multi-output channel. A new message arrives at the beginning of each coherence block, and the decoder is required to output each message sequentially, after a delay of T coherence blocks. In the special case when T = 1, the setup reduces to the quasi-static fading channel. We establish the optimal diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) in the high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) regime, and show that it equals T times the DMT of the quasi-static channel. The converse is based on utilizing the delay constraint to amplify a local outage event associated with a message, globally across all the coherence blocks. This approach appears to be new. We propose two coding schemes that achieve the optimal DMT. The first scheme involves interleaving of messages, such that each message is transmitted across T consecutive coherence blocks. This scheme requires the knowledge of the delay constraint at both the encoder and decoder. Our second coding scheme involves a sequential tree code and is delay universal, i.e., the knowledge of the decoding delay is not required by the encoder. However, in this scheme, we require the coherence block length to increase as log (SNR), in order to attain the optimal DMT. Finally, we discuss the case when multiple messages arrive at uniform intervals within each coherence period. Through a simple example, we exhibit the suboptimality of interleaving and propose another scheme that achieves the optimal DMT.
Examining the Second Wave of Broadband Use: Service Quality and Secondary Influence on Continued Broadband Subscription by Residential Consumers

Existing studies on broadband adoption have investigated how behavioural and demographic factors affect consumers’ decision to adopt broadband. However, although the broadband market has been considerably matured, follow up studies on the continued adoption of broadband are yet to be conducted. For example issues of service quality and consumers satisfaction of broadband services have not been studied enough. In line with that, the aim of this empirical research was to investigate the influence of service quality and secondary influence on behavioral intention to change service provider by existing broadband household consumers in the UK. The paper examines users experience on broadband use and thus answers the following research question: Do service quality and secondary influence affect the behavioural intentions when changing current service provider? The study was conducted using a postal survey in the United Kingdom. A selfadministered questionnaire was sent to 1600 households and a total of 358 completed replies were obtained. The study provides evidence that both service quality and secondary influence constructs were significantly correlated to the behavioural intentions when changing current service provider. The paper also discusses limitations and implications of this research.
Correspondences between Czech and English Coreferential Expressions

In this work, we present a comprehensive study on correspondences between certain classes of coreferential expressions in English and Czech. We focus on central pronouns, relative pronouns, and anaphoric zeros. We designed an alignment-refining algorithm for English personal and possessive pronouns and Czech relative pronouns that improves the quality of alignment links not only for the classes it aimed at but also in general. Moreover, the instances of anaphoric expressions we focus on were manually annotated with their alignment counterparts, which served as a basis for this empirical study. The collected statistics of correspondences are contrasted with theoretical assumptions regarding the use of anaphoric means in the languages under analysis, such as pro-drop properties, the use of finite and non-finite constructions, etc. Finally, we present the ways how the observed correspondences can be exploited in cross-lingual coreference resolution.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a KCS gene from Cardamine graeca and its heterologous expression in Brassica oilseeds to engineer high nervonic acid oils for potential medical and industrial use.

Nervonic acid 24:1 Delta15 (cis-tetracos-15-enoic acid) is a very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid and exists in nature as an elongation product of oleic acid. There is an increasing interest in production of high nervonic acid oils for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and industrial applications. Using a polymerase chain reaction approach, we have isolated a gene from Cardamine graeca L. , which encodes a 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS), the first component of the elongation complex involved in synthesis of nervonic acid. Expression of the Cardamine KCS in yeast resulted in biosynthesis of nervonic acid, which is not normally present in yeast cells. We transformed Arabidopsis and Brassica carinata with the Cardamine KCS under the control of the seed-specific promoter, napin. The T(3) generations of transgenic Arabidopsis and B. carinata plants expressing the Cardamine KCS showed that seed-specific expression resulted in relatively large comparative increases in nervonic acid proportions in Arabidopsis seed oil, and 15-fold increase in nervonic acid proportions in B. carinata seed oil. The highest nervonic acid level in transgenic B. carinata lines reached 44%, with only 6% of residual erucic acid. In contrast, similar transgenic expression of the Cardamine KCS in high erucic B. napus resulted in 30% nervonic acid but with 20% residual erucic acid. Experiments using the Lunaria KCS gene gave results similar to the latter. In both cases, the erucic acid content is too high for human or animal consumption. Thus, the Cardamine KCS: B. carinata high nervonic/highly reduced erucic transgenic seed oils will be the most suitable for testing in pharmaceutical/nutraceutical applications to improve human and animal health.
Information system integration

Consequently, public security and defense organizations can see the real-time locations of various people, units, and equipment in their GIS system, thanks to Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, while getting updates from SAP ERP with details about the current status and capabilities of those units, also updated in real-time as needed using enterprise services. With this bundle, users can create, maintain, and edit the relationships of organizational units (referred to in enterprise SOA terms as ) in public security and defense organizations (such as, for instance, Functional Units brigades, companies, and platoons), deployed or otherwise. In addition, they can read, change, and update the attributes of positions, personnel, and materials within these units.
Exploring the Optimization Space for Build to Order Matrix Algebra

The Build to Order (BTO) system compiles a sequence of matrix and vector operations into a high-performance C program for a given architecture. We focus on optimizing programs where memory traffic is the bottleneck. Loop fusion and data parallelism play an important role in this context, but applying them at every opportunity does not necessarily lead to the best performance. We present an empirical and exhaustive characterization of the optimization space for these two optimizations reporting its size and how many points in the space are close to the fastest option. We show how optimizations of different parts of the program affect one another and how the best choices depend on the computer system. We also evaluate the suitability of several algorithms for searching the space. We leverage these findings to ensure that the BTO compiler produces kernels that outperform vendor-tuned BLAS on a variety of modern computer architectures.
Playing games: The salience of social cues and group norms in eliciting aggressive behaviour

The rise in new communication technologies makes anonymous interactions increasingly possible, extending the possibilities for understanding the effects of anonymity on the behaviour of individuals. Theories of deindividuation and dehumanisation propose that anonymity will automatically lead to aggressive and antisocial behaviour, while the Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects adds that the social environment can mediate this effect. The first phase of this study was created to test the Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects prediction of the role of the social environment. A quasi-experimental design was used within the online computer gaming environment as a testing platform. The results of this phase point to the salience of competitive environments in inducing aggressive behaviour (an effect that may be heightened by large group sizes and human-player opponents). Due to the unusual nature of the results of the first phase, a follow-up study was conducted as a further exploration of the results through open discussions held on various South African gaming-related forums. A number of important themes emerged from these dialogues, specifically that of aggression in others, personal investment, stress relief, and gender. Overall, the results of both phases of this study offer support for the Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects model and suggestions of new avenues for future researchers to explore.
Structured Sparse Convolutional Autoencoder

This paper aims to improve the feature learning in Convolutional Networks (Convnet) by capturing the structure of objects. A new sparsity function is imposed on the extracted featuremap to capture the structure and shape of the learned object, extracting interpretable features to improve the prediction performance. The proposed algorithm is based on organizing the activation within and across featuremap by constraining the node activities through $\ell_{2}$ and $\ell_{1}$ normalization in a structured form.
Position Statement for IVth European Conference. on Decision Making in Complex

1.1 Our overall objective is to create man-computer symbiotic systems for decision-making that utilize the full capabilities of all the sub-systems involved. 1.2 To do this involves both practical work on actual decision-:na.king systeMs and fo~ndational work on the logics and system theories underlying decisiun making. 1.3 We see a strong convergence between theories based on Spencer Brown's (196~) calculus of distinctions and practice based on Kelly's (1955) personal construct theory. 1. /~ The following notes are an outli.ne of some salient points . We assume the availability of last year's papers (Gaines 1978a, Shaw 1978).
Improvement of Translation Accuracy for the Outlines of Japanese Statutes by Splitting Parenthesized Expressions

To globally share Japanese legal information, we translate the Outlines of Japanese statutes. These outlines are the official summaries of Japanese statutes and are useful to quickly understand their contents. In a previous statistical machine translation system for the outlines, we found that the training corpus consisted of both statutes and their outlines, including many long sentences that reduced the translation quality. To solve this problem, we shortened the length of sentences and focused on parenthesized expressions. In this paper, we propose a translation method that splits off parenthesized expressions from the sentences. Experimental result shows the effectiveness of our method.
An Abbreviated Caries Clinical Trial Design Validated over 24 Months

Conventional caries trials last from 24 to 36 months. This study evaluated whether the previously established difference in efficacy between 1000- and 2500-ppm-fluoride dentifrices could be detected after 12 months. Caries was assessed by clinical visual assessment (CVA-simplified version of Dundee Selectable Threshold Method - DSTM), bitewing radiography, and Fiber Optic Transillumination (FOTI). Changes in status for individual surfaces were classified by means of pre-prepared matrices as 0 (unchanged), +1 (initiation or progression), or -1 (regression) and summed for each subject to yield an event score. Mean group event scores were calculated for each product. DSTM at the D1 [enamel and dentin] threshold showed significant inter-group differences in mean event scores (p < 0.003) and D1MFS increment (< 0.007) at 12 months; these were confirmed at 24 months by traditional increment analysis (CVA & FOTI at the D3 (dentin only) threshold + radiography, p < 0.03). This study confirms the validity of an abbreviated trial protocol.
Relationship between ACE-DD polymorphism and diastolic performance in healthy subjects

Background—The ACE-D allele has been associated with cardiovascular disease. The study evaluates the relationship between the ACE-ID genotypes and diastolic function in healthy subjects after 6 years of follow-up. Methods—Two hundred and seventy-five healthy volunteers aged 25–55 years had normal physical examination, 12-lead ECG, acceptable echocardiographic windows and echocardiogram at entry. Venous blood was drawn for DNA analysis. Results—Two hundred and forty-two subjects completed 6 years of follow-up. Three genetically distinct groups were obtained: ACE-DD group (n=71, 26F/45M, mean age 48±7 years); ACE-ID (n=115, 39F/76M, mean age 40±7 years); and ACE-II (n=56, 20F/36M, mean age 47±6 years). Significant differences in E/A ratio were found between ACE-DD and ACE-ID, and ACE II (p=0.028, <0.0001, 0.0001), respectively. After 6 years, echocardiography showed a significant reduction of E/A ratio in the ACE-DD group, p=0.0001. Conclusion—The data suggest that ACE-DD is associated with deteriorating myocardial diastolic properties.
A Comparative Analysis of Different Edge Based Algorithms for Mobile/Camera Captured Images

CBDA is an emerging field in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition . In recent technology camera are attached to several equipments and are very interesting and playing a vital role by replacing scanner with hand held imaging devices like Digital Cameras, Mobile phones and gaming devices attached with the camera. Availability of High Resolution Camera has lead to new dimension in digital image processing. Mobile phones are ubiquitous and very powerful in nature due to their capability of multifunction. Camera were developed for the purpose to capture good and sad moments in life which can be remembered in the later stages of life but as the technology is being advanced new and new application are being developed for camera /Mobile devices. The goal of the work is to extract and recognize text from camera captured images based on edge based algorithms and compare the result with the existing system under different conditions. Precision and recall rates for each approach are analyzed to determine the success and limitations of each approach. The experimental results show the efficacy compared to the result of well known existing methods.
The within-year concentration of medical care: implications for family out-of-pocket expenditure burdens.

OBJECTIVE To examine the within-year concentration of family health care and the resulting exposure of families to short periods of high expenditure burdens. DATA SOURCE Household data from the pooled 2003 and 2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) yielding nationally representative estimates for the nonelderly civilian noninstitutionalized population. STUDY DESIGN The paper examines the within-year concentration of family medical care use and the frequency with which family out-of-pocket expenditures exceeded 20 percent of family income, computed at the annual, quarterly, and monthly levels. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS On average among families with medical care, 49 percent of all (charge-weighted) care occurred in a single month, and 63 percent occurred in a single quarter). Nationally, 27 percent of the study population experienced at least 1 month in which out-of-pocket expenditures exceeded 20 percent of income. Monthly 20 percent burden rates were highest among the poor, at 43 percent, and were close to or above 30 percent for all but the highest income group (families above four times the federal poverty line). CONCLUSIONS Within-year spikes in health care utilization can create financial pressures missed by conventional annual burden analyses. Within-year health-related financial pressures may be especially acute among lower-income families due to low asset holdings.
mtCLIC/CLIC4, an Organellular Chloride Channel Protein, Is Increased by DNA Damage and Participates in the Apoptotic Response to p53

ABSTRACT mtCLIC/CLIC4 (referred to here as mtCLIC) is a p53- and tumor necrosis factor alpha-regulated cytoplasmic and mitochondrial protein that belongs to the CLIC family of intracellular chloride channels. mtCLIC associates with the inner mitochondrial membrane. Dual regulation of mtCLIC by two stress response pathways suggested that this chloride channel protein might contribute to the cellular response to cytotoxic stimuli. DNA damage or overexpression of p53 upregulates mtCLIC and induces apoptosis. Overexpression of mtCLIC by transient transfection reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, releases cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, activates caspases, and induces apoptosis. mtCLIC is additive with Bax in inducing apoptosis without a physical association of the two proteins. Antisense mtCLIC prevents the increase in mtCLIC levels and reduces apoptosis induced by p53 but not apoptosis induced by Bax, suggesting that the two proapoptotic proteins function through independent pathways. Our studies indicate that mtCLIC, like Bax, Noxa, p53AIP1, and PUMA, participates in a stress-induced death pathway converging on mitochondria and should be considered a target for cancer therapy through genetic or pharmacologic approaches.
Understanding Professional Culture in Organizational Context

This paper formulates a new conceptual framework for understanding profes sional culture in organizational context. Our analysis begins with an attempt to identify the complex interplay between individual sense-making, group beliefs and culture. The process of professionalization and the development of profes sional cultures is described and the influence of professional belief systems on organizational culture is examined. The inter-relationship between four different types of professional subculture and organizational culture is illustrated in a case- study analysis of an Australian home-care service. The stability of an organiza tion's operating environment is identified as a major factor which facilitates and constrains the propensity for professional subcultures to radically transform or incrementally refine dominant organizational cultures. The paper concludes with a critical reappraisal of the significance of professional subculture as a determin ant of an organization's cultural system.
Word meaning biases or language-specific effects? Evidence from English, Spanish and Korean

This study examines the hypothesis that children learning distinct languages will show differential adherence to proposed word- meaning biases. English-, Spanish-, and Korean-speaking pre schoolers were tested for their extension of new nouns to referents that shared shape, substance and/or functional properties with the initial referent. English- and Spanish-speaking subjects performed differently from Korean-speaking children. Korean speakers gave more substance-based responses than the other groups, and their responses took functional information into account, while those of Spanish and English speakers did not. Results lend support to the position that children's first best guesses about the meanings of new words are dependent on the structure of the language they are learning, and they challenge the notion that children have universal word learning biases.
A high performance agent based modelling framework on graphics card hardware with CUDA

We present an efficient implementation of a high performance parallel framework for Agent Based Modelling (ABM), exploiting the parallel architecture of the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). It provides a mapping between formal agent specifications, with C based scripting, and optimised NVIDIA Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) code. The mapping of agent data structures and agent communication is described, and our work is evaluated through a number of simple interacting agent examples. In contrast with an alternative, single machine CPU implementation, a speedup of up to 250 times is reported.