Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Governor-General's Apology: Reflections on Anzac Day

In September 1999, the then governor-general of Australia, Sir William Deane, gave a speech to the Australian Conference on Lutheran Education where he offered an apology to members of the German Australian community for the 'tragic, and often shameful, discrimination against Australians of German origin fostered during the world wars'. This article reflects on a number of issues raised by the Governor-General's statement, most importantly on our understanding of the Anzac historiography and its various narratives.
First-Time Mothers with a History of Infertility

Background: The meaning of breastfeeding and breastfeeding experiences has been studied extensively in general and specific populations. However, there is little research about the meaning of breastfeeding and breastfeeding experiences in first-time mothers who were previously infertile. Objective: This article aims to understand the breastfeeding experiences of new mothers with a history of infertility. Methods: Twelve women who were first-time mothers and conceived their infants through fertility treatments were interviewed about their early postpartum experiences as part of a larger phenomenological study. Interview transcripts were reviewed, and data about breastfeeding were extracted and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: One main theme from the breastfeeding data emerged, “Internalized Pressure to Breastfeed,” with 3 subthemes: “My Only Chance to Breastfeed,” “The One Natural Thing I Should Be Able to Do,” and “Not Breastfeeding Means Failing at Motherhood. ” New mothers who have undergone fertility treatment equated breastfeeding with being the perfect mother and attached special meanings to the act of breastfeeding. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that mothers who were previously infertile have unique breastfeeding experiences. Health care professionals need to be sensitized to these women’s internalized pressure to breastfeed. Additional research is needed to fully explore the breastfeeding experiences of this group of women.
Book Review: Analysing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research

Duncker, P. (1984) ‘Re-imagining the Fairy Tales: Angela Carter’s Bloody Chambers’, Literature and History 10(1): 3–14. Fairclough, N. (1992) Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge: Polity Press. Halliday, M.A.K. and Hasan, R. (1989) Language, Context and Text: Aspects of Language in a Social Semiotic Perspective, 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hoey, M. (1983) On the Surface of Discourse. London: Allen and Unwin. Hoey, M. (1994) ‘Signalling in Discourse: a Functional Analysis of a Common Discourse Pattern in Written and Spoken English’, in M. Coulthard (ed.) Advances in Written Text Analysis, pp. 26–45. London: Routledge. Keppeler, S. (1986) The Pornography of Representation. Cambridge: Polity. Stubbs, M. (1996) Text and Corpus Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell. Van Leeuwen, T. (1996) ‘The Representation of Social Actors’, in C.R. Caldas-Coulthard and M. Coulthard (eds) Texts and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis, pp. 32–70. London: Routledge. Warner, M. (1994) From the Beast to the Blonde. London: Chatto and Windus. Zipes, J. (ed.) (1983) The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood. London: Heinemann.
Coalitions and the Investigation of Social Influence in Linguistic History

Social network analysis in the social and behavioural sciences has been developed to illuminate the nature and direction of social influence among individuals. It is designed to provide a micro level in the context of the macro level represented by the business corporation or social class. The processes argued to underlie social influence include ‘relations of authority, identification, expertise and competition’. 1 Clearly, these relations have to be constructed and demonstrated to be effective rather than simply identified. At the same time, these processes may be instrumental in providing a critical context for marking out patterns of linguistic influence in distant historical periods. Social network analysis is suitable for historical application, assuming an appropriate historiography and social theory.2 Because the task of the historical linguist is to critically consider and develop an effective procedure for applying social network analysis in
The temporal organisation of speech as gauged by speech synthesis

The simulation of speech by means of speech synthesis involves, among other things, the ability to mimic typical delivery for different speech styles. This requires a realistic imitation of the manner in which speakers organize their information flow in time (i.e., word grouping boundaries), as well their speech rate with its variations. The originality of our model is grounded in two levels. First, it is assumed that the temporal component plays a dominant role in the simulation of speech rhythm, whereas in traditional language models, temporal issues are mostly put aside. Second, the outcome of our temporal modeling, based on statistical analysis and qualitative parameters, results from the harmonization of various layers (segmental, syllabic, phrasal). The benefit of a multidimensional model is the possibility of imposing subtle quantitative and qualitative effects at various levels, which is a key for respecting a specific language system as well as speech coherence and fluency for different speech styles.
On Nonblocking Multicast Fat-Tree Data Center Networks with Server Redundancy

Fat-tree networks have been widely adopted as network topologies in data center networks (DCNs). However, it is costly for fat-tree DCNs to support nonblocking multicast communication, due to the large number of core switches required. Since multicast is an essential communication pattern in many cloud services and nonblocking multicast communication can ensure the high performance of such services, reducing the cost of nonblocking multicast fat-tree DCNs is very important. On the other hand, server redundancy is ubiquitous in today's data centers to provide high availability of services. In this paper, we explore server redundancy in data centers to reduce the cost of nonblocking multicast fat-tree data center networks (DCNs). First, we present a multirate network model that accurately describes the communication environment of the fat-tree DCNs. We then show that the sufficient condition on the number of core switches required for nonblocking multicast communication under the multirate model can be significantly reduced when the fat-tree DCNs are 2-redundant, i.e., each server in the data center has exactly one redundant backup. We also study the general redundant fat-tree DCNs where servers may have different numbers of redundant backups depending on the availability requirements of services they provide, and show that a higher redundancy level further reduces the cost of nonblocking multicast fat-tree DCNs. Then, to complete our analysis, we consider a practical faulty data center, where one or more active servers may fail at any time. We give a strategy to re-balance the active servers among edge switches after server failures so that the same nonblocking condition still holds. Finally, we give a multicast routing algorithm with linear time complexity to configure multicast connections in fat-tree DCNs.
TALEN‐induced gene knock out in Drosophila

We report here a case study of TALEN‐induced gene knock out of the trachealess gene of Drosophila. Two pairs of TALEN constructs caused targeted mutation in the germ line of 39% and 17% of injected animals, respectively. In the extreme case 100% of the progeny of TALEN‐injected fly was mutated, suggesting that highly efficient biallelic germ line mutagenesis was achieved. The mutagenic efficiency of the TALEN pairs paralleled their activity of single strand annealing (SSA) assay in cultured cells. All mutations were deletion of 1 to 20 base pairs. Merit and demerit of TALEN‐based gene knockout approach compared to other genome editing technologies is discussed.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Msh2-Msh6 DNA binding kinetics reveal a mechanism of targeting sites for DNA mismatch repair

The DNA mismatch repair system (MMR) identifies replication errors and damaged bases in DNA and functions to preserve genomic integrity. MutS performs the task of locating mismatched base pairs, loops and lesions and initiating MMR, and the fundamental question of how this protein targets specific sites in DNA is unresolved. To address this question, we examined the interactions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae Msh2-Msh6, a eukaryotic MutS homolog, and DNA in real time. The reaction kinetics reveal that Msh2-Msh6 binds a variety of sites at similarly fast rates (kON ∼ 107 M-1 s-1), and its selectivity manifests in differential dissociation rates; e.g., the protein releases a 2-Aminopurine:T base pair approximately 90-fold faster than a G:T mismatch. On releasing the 2-Ap:T site, Msh2-Msh6 is able to move laterally on DNA to locate a nearby G:T site. The long-lived Msh2-Msh6·G:T complex triggers the next step in MMR—formation of an ATP-bound clamp—more effectively than the short-lived Msh2-Msh6·2-Ap:T complex. Mutation of Glu in the conserved Phe-X-Glu DNA binding motif stabilizes Msh2-Msh6E339A·2-Ap:T complex, and the mutant can signal 2-Ap:T repair as effectively as wild-type Msh2-Msh6 signals G:T repair. These findings suggest a targeting mechanism whereby Msh2-Msh6 scans DNA, interrogating base pairs by transient contacts and pausing at potential target sites, and the longer the pause the greater the likelihood of MMR.
Source code modularization using lattice of concept slices

Most legacy systems have been altered due to prolonged maintenance to the point that they deviate significantly from their original and intended design and consequently, they lack modularity. Static source code analysis techniques like concept assignment, formal concept analysis and program slicing, have been successfully used by researchers for program understanding and for restoring system design properties. In our approach we combine these three techniques, aiming to gain on their individual strengths and overcoming their weaknesses. Here we present a program representation formalism that we call the lattice of concept slices and a program modularization technique that aims to separate statements in a code fragment according to the concept they implement or they may belong to. The lattice shows the relationship between the statements of a program and the domain concepts that might be implemented by the statements. Using the lattice as a primary data structure we present two algorithms for decomposing the program into appropriate modules. The goal is to achieve a modularization such that the modules are self-contained, side effect free and the code duplication among nodes is minimal. The modularization process is illustrated with an example C program.
Sketch-based change detection: methods, evaluation, and applications

Traffic anomalies such as failures and attacks are commonplace in today's network, and identifying them rapidly and accurately is critical for large network operators. The detection typically treats the traffic as a collection of flows that need to be examined for significant changes in traffic pattern (eg, volume, number of connections). However, as link speeds and the number of flows increase, keeping per-flow state is either too expensive or too slow. We propose building compact summaries of the traffic data using the notion of sketches. We have designed a variant of the sketch data structure, k-ary sketch, which uses a constant, small amount of memory, and has constant per-record update and reconstruction cost. Its linearity property enables us to summarize traffic at various levels. We then implement a variety of time series forecast models (ARIMA, Holt-Winters, etc.) on top of such summaries and detect significant changes by looking for flows with large forecast errors. We also present heuristics for automatically configuring the model parameters.Using a large amount of real Internet traffic data from an operational tier-1 ISP, we demonstrate that our sketch-based change detection method is highly accurate, and can be implemented at low computation and memory costs. Our preliminary results are promising and hint at the possibility of using our method as a building block for network anomaly detection and traffic measurement.
Semi-parametric eciency bounds for regression models under choice-based sampling

SUMMARY. We extend the Bickel‐Klaassen‐Ritov‐Wellner theory of semi-parametric eciency bounds to the case of sampling from several populations, and discuss the form of the ecient score and ecient influence function in this situation. The theory is applied to obtain an information bound for estimates of parameters in general regression models under case-control sampling. The variances of the semi-parametric estimates of Scott and Wild (1991, 1997, 2001) are compared to the bound and the estimates are found to be fully ecient. choice-based sampling, case-control study, tangent space, influ
The role of nutrition in children's neurocognitive development, from pregnancy through childhood

This review examines the current evidence for a possible connection between nutritional intake (including micronutrients and whole diet) and neurocognitive development in childhood. Earlier studies which have investigated the association between nutrition and cognitive development have focused on individual micronutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, folic acid, choline, iron, iodine, and zinc, and single aspects of diet. The research evidence from observational studies suggests that micronutrients may play an important role in the cognitive development of children. However, the results of intervention trials utilizing single micronutrients are inconclusive. More generally, there is evidence that malnutrition can impair cognitive development, whilst breastfeeding appears to be beneficial for cognition. Eating breakfast is also beneficial for cognition. In contrast, there is currently inconclusive evidence regarding the association between obesity and cognition. Since individuals consume combinations of foods, more recently researchers have become interested in the cognitive impact of diet as a composite measure. Only a few studies to date have investigated the associations between dietary patterns and cognitive development. In future research, more well designed intervention trials are needed, with special consideration given to the interactive effects of nutrients.
THE IDENTIFICATION OF LINGUISTIC ATTITUDES

The research literature of linguistic attitudes is replete with examples of measurements of such attitudes. These ränge from nominal classifications (e.g., The Speaker was: White , Black , Mexican-American ), ordinal differentiation (The Speaker was: low social Status , raiddle social Status , high social Status ), to differentiation which implies an underlying continuous or interval scale (The Speaker sounds: happy : : : : : : sad). For the most part, such measures have been satisfactory for the individual studies in which they appeared. However, the problem, and a premise of this paper, is that many types of measures have obscured the concept of linguistic attitude in that they have focused more upon the Stimulus being evaluated than they have lent insight into the psychological responses of the perceiver. In most definitions found in the psychological literature, attitude is considered äs an internal state aroused by Stimulation of some type and which may mediate the organism's subsequent response. In briefer terms, attitude is a response predisposition. This view underlies the basic challenge in developing measures of attitude — that is, how can some externally obtained response measure best reflect the preceding internal state of the organism ? This concern also raises questions when considering what has been meant by 'attitude' in sociolinguistic studies. The more that such studies have attempted to focus upon some internal mediating state of the perceiver, the more they are studies of linguistic attitudes. By contrast, the more that studies have dealt simply with Stimulus classification, the less they can contribute to a theory of linguistic attitudes. The present paper reviews portions of several studies by the present
Informative Discriminant Analysis

We introduce a probabilistic model that generalizes classical linear discriminant analysis and gives an interpretation for the components as informative or relevant components of data. The components maximize the predictability of class distribution which is asymptotically equivalent to (i) maximizing mutual information with the classes, and (ii) finding principal components in the so-called learning or Fisher metrics. The Fisher metric measures only distances that are relevant to the classes, that is, distances that cause changes in the class distribution. The components have applications in data exploration, visualization, and dimensionality reduction. In empirical experiments the method outperformed a Renyi entropy-based alternative and linear discriminant analysis.
Hyperspectral image classification using Fisher criterion-based Gabor cube selection and multi-task joint sparse representation

Recently, Gabor wavelet transformation has been introduced for feature extraction of hyperspectral imagery. Due to the discriminative power of obtained Gabor features, high classification performance has been achieved. However, thousands of Gabor features cause too much burden for onboard computation, limiting the efficiency of the method. In fact, not all features have a positive effect on classification. In this paper, we have proposed a Gabor cube selection-based Multi-task Joint Sparse Representation framework, abbreviated as MT-SG, for hyperspectral imagery classification. Firstly, based on the Fisher discrimination criterion, the most representative Gabor cubes for each class have been picked out. Next, under multi-task joint sparse representation framework, a coefficient vector can be obtained for each test sample with the selected cube features, which can be applied for the following residual-based classification. Experimental results on real hyperspectral data have demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
Impact of tobacco control interventions on socioeconomic inequalities in smoking: review of the evidence

Objective We updated and expanded a previous systematic literature review examining the impact of tobacco control interventions on socioeconomic inequalities in smoking. Methods We searched the academic literature for reviews and primary research articles published between January 2006 and November 2010 that examined the socioeconomic impact of six tobacco control interventions in adults: that is, price increases, smoke-free policies, advertising bans, mass media campaigns, warning labels, smoking cessation support and community-based programmes combining several interventions. We included English-language articles from countries at an advanced stage of the tobacco epidemic that examined the differential impact of tobacco control interventions by socioeconomic status or the effectiveness of interventions among disadvantaged socioeconomic groups. All articles were appraised by two authors and details recorded using a standardised approach. Data from 77 primary studies and seven reviews were synthesised via narrative review. Results We found strong evidence that increases in tobacco price have a pro-equity effect on socioeconomic disparities in smoking. Evidence on the equity impact of other interventions is inconclusive, with the exception of non-targeted smoking cessation programmes which have a negative equity impact due to higher quit rates among more advantaged smokers. Conclusions Increased tobacco price via tax is the intervention with the greatest potential to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in smoking. Other measures studied appear unlikely to reduce inequalities in smoking without specific efforts to reach disadvantaged smokers. There is a need for more research evaluating the equity impact of tobacco control measures, and development of more effective approaches for reducing tobacco use in disadvantaged groups and communities.
Psychosocial correlates of stages of change in physical activity in an adult community sample

Abstract Two important public health challenges are to influence sedentary people to become physically active, and to influence active people to maintain their level of activity. Psychosocial factors might have important influencing properties in this regard. The aims of this study were threefold: (1) to examine the relationships between selected psychosocial factors and physical activity stages of change; (2) to examine moderating influences of socio-demographic and anthropometric factors in these relationships; and (3) to identify possible interactions between psychosocial factors in their relation to stages of change. Altogether, 2336 men and women aged 31–67 (mean 48, s=10) years completed self-administered questionnaires that assessed stages of change in physical activity, self-efficacy, social support, perceived behavioural control, attitude, and identity. The psychosocial factors were measured by instruments derived or modified from instruments that have previously been shown to have acceptable validity and reliability. The statistical tests employed were descriptive and frequency analyses, Pearson's correlations, multiple regressions, multivariate analyses of variance, analyses of variance, and Tukey post-hoc comparison tests. Analyses revealed that self-efficacy in the face of psychological barriers, support from family and from friends, perceived behavioural control, and identity explained 42% of the variance in stages of physical activity behaviour change. Results further showed that all measured psychosocial variables differed significantly by stages of change, with almost every stage having significantly different psychosocial variable scores than every other stage. Although we found no moderating effects of socio-demographic or anthropometric variables on these relationships, social support from family and social support from friends, identity and social support from family, as well as perceived behavioural control and self-efficacy faced with psychological barriers were found to interact with respect to their relationships with stages of change. The study identified a strong set of psychosocial correlates of physical activity stages of change as well as significant interactions between particular correlates in these relationships. The findings might provide guidance in the design of stage-matched interventions to promote physical activity among adults. Further work is needed to confirm these findings as well as to provide evidence of the causality in the observed relationships.
Multi-modal Sensory Feedback System for Upper Limb Amputees

Providing sensory feedback for myoelectric prosthetic users can not only increase the manipulation ability but can also introduce a feeling of embodiment. Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of providing mechanotactile or vibrotactile feedback on the remaining stumps of amputees. To improve the recognition rate and reduce mental work load when identifying stimulation patterns, we propose a multi-modal sensory feedback system for upper limb amputees. The system consists of five tactile sensors, Bluetooth wireless communication modules, and a custom-designed multi-modal stimulation array incorporating vibrotactile and mechanotactile stimulation modalities. Three amputees (two with phantom map and one without phantom map) tested the system in localization and stimulation intensity identification tasks. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the multi-modal stimulation compared with single modal stimulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to combine vibrotactile and mechanotactile stimulation in a sensory feedback system for upper limb amputees.