Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nurse Managers' Leadership Styles in Finland

Nurse managers who can observe their own behaviour and its effects on employees can adjust to a better leadership style. The intention of this study was to explore nurses' and supervisors' perceptions of nurse managers' leadership styles. Open-ended interviews were conducted with 11 nurses and 10 superiors. The data were analysed by content analysis. In the study, six leadership styles were identified: visionary, coaching, affiliate, democratic, commanding, and isolating. Job satisfaction and commitment as well as operation and development work, cooperation, and organizational climate in the work unit were the factors, affected by leadership styles. The nurse managers should consider their leadership style from the point of view of employees, situation factors, and goals of the organization. Leadership styles where employees are seen in a participatory role have become more common.
Analysis of Routing Protocols for VANET using Real City Map Scenarios

For accurate network performance analysis of routing protocols and access technology for VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc Network), realistic road map scenarios are required. This paper refers to analysis of network performance for VANET using existing MANET routing protocols under IEEE 802.11p standard. Simulation of routing protocols for VANET using realistic road map scenarios provides accurate results and can be useful for design and deployment of VANET applications. For VANET, speed of mobile nodes affects the routing path stability. It is important to use real world mobility models; so that the results obtained from the simulation of VANET routing protocols correctly reflect the real-world performance. In this paper, analyses the performance in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio and packet loss. Comparison of routing protocols is done based on how it behaves when network density increases. Routing protocols like AODV, DSR and GPSR are used for performance analysis. GPSR shows better performance over other two protocols for the considered city map.
Radiographic Vertical Bone Loss Evaluation around Dental Implants Following One Year of Functional Loading

Objective: Vertical bone loss evaluations in the Nobel Biocare Replace® Select Tapered ™ implant system in the human after one-year loading time. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 31 patients (14 men, 17 women; mean age, 60.39 years) receiving 170 implants (mean, 5.48 for each patient) of Groovy and Non-groovy designs in the Nobel Biocare Replace® Select Tapered ™ system. The marginal bone loss was measured at mesial and distal aspects of the implants on OPG x-rays after one-year follow-up. The data regarding the patient’s gender, age, history of disease, smoking, bone type at implant location, loading time of prosthesis and implant, implant design, diameter and length were recorded by the patients’ records and interview. The data were subjected to multiple linear regression and Pearson coefficient ratio regarding different factors. Results: The mean (standard deviation) distal, mesial and overall bone loss was 0.688 mm (0.851), 0.665 mm (0.849) and 0.935 mm (0.905), respectively in the studied implants. No significant differences were found regarding implant location, bone quality at the implant region, implant design and bone graft reception. In addition, no significant correlation was found between the occurred bone loss and implant diameter, length and number of used splints. Conclusion: Due to the criteria mentioned for implant success in term of bone loss values after one-year loading time, Noble Biocare Replace® Select Tapered ™ implant system is an acceptable treatment option for implant restorations in this regard.
Knowledge Representation in the TRAINS-93 Conversation System

We describe the goals, architecture, and functioning of the TRAINS-93 system, with emphasis on the representational issues involved in putting together a complex language processing and reasoning agent. The system is intended as an experimental prototype of an intelligent, conversationally proficient planning advisor in a dynamic domain of cargo trains and factories. For this team effort, our strategy at the outset was to let the designers of the various language processing, discourse processing, plan reasoning, execution and monitoring modules choose whatever representations seemed best suited for their tasks, but with the constraint that all should strive for principled, general approaches. pp Disparities between modules were bridged by careful design of the interfaces, based on regular in-depth discussion of issues encountered by the participants. Because of the goal of generality and principled representation, the multiple representations ended up with a good deal in common (for instance, the use of explicit event variables and the ability to refer to complex abstract objects such as plans); and future unifications seem quite possible. We explain some of the goals and particulars of the KRs used, evaluate the extent to which they served their purposes, and point out some of the tensions between representations that needed to be resolved. On the whole, we found that using very expressive representations minimized the tensions, since it is easier to extract what one needs from an elaborate representation retaining all semantic nuances, than to make up for lost information.
Impact of Copper Through-Package Vias on Thermal Performance of Glass Interposers

In this paper, the thermal performance of glass interposer substrate with copper through-package vias (TPVs) is investigated both experimentally and numerically. Copper via arrays with different via pitches and diameters were fabricated in 114.3 mm × 114.3 mm × 100 μm glass panels using low-cost laser drilling, electroless plating, and electroplating for copper deposition. The thermal performance of such a structure was quantified by measuring an effective thermal conductivity which combines the effect of copper and glass. The effective thermal conductivity of fabricated samples was determined with infrared microscopy and compared with finite-element analysis on unit TPV cell. Using the effective thermal conductivity, further numerical analyses were performed on a 2.5-D interposer, which has two chips mounted side by side with a total heat generation of 3 W. Interconnects and TPV layers in the interposer were modeled as homogeneous layers with an effective thermal conductivity. Using the developed model, the effect of copper TPVs on the thermal performance of silicon and glass interposers was compared. To further characterize the thermal performance of the 2.5-D glass interposer structure, the effects of pitch of interconnects and TPVs and the TPV diameter are presented.
Self-compassion and verbal performance: Evidence for threat-buffering and implicit self-related thoughts

ABSTRACT Threats to self-esteem can impair well-being directly, e.g., via negative affect, but also indirectly, by impacting performance in valued domains. The present study examined whether self-compassion buffered individuals’ academic task performance from the effects of a self-esteem threat. In addition, this study tested possible effects of self-compassion on implicitly measured self-related thoughts. Participants (N = 333) were randomly assigned to self-esteem threat or neutral conditions, and then either a self-compassion manipulation or an expressive writing (control) condition before completing a set of GRE analogy items. Threat impaired GRE performance in the expressive writing control condition, but not in the self-compassion condition. Moreover, self-compassion appeared to marginally impact implicit non-evaluative self-thoughts, but did not affect evaluative thoughts or implicit self-esteem. The results of this study suggest that self-compassion has benefits for performance and thereby well-being. Future research should further explore the effects of self-compassion on performance and refine understanding of implicit thoughts as possible mechanisms.
The cascade HMM/ANN hybrid: A new framework for discriminative training in speech recognition

In this paper, a new formulation for discriminative training of HMMs is presented. This formulation uses a properly trained MLP in a simple interconnection with HMMs called “Cascade HMM/ANN Hybrid”. Our training algorithm has simple realization in comparison with other discriminative training for HMMs such as MDI and MMI. We also present a rigid mathematical proof of its convergence. We found that using cascade HMM/ANN for isolated word recognition in noisy environment results in increasing the recognition accuracy from 93.3% in classic HMMs to 99.1% using a two layer MLP. No significant increase in computational requirements is needed in recognition phase. Both theoretical and experimental achievements are included in the paper.
The connection between transcultural dispositions and translingual practices in academic writing

ABSTRACT This article discusses how transculturalism and translingualism contribute to expanding epistemological landscapes in research on interculturality by analyzing the relationship between the two terms. While both translingualism and transculturalism respond to the increasing diversity, mobility, and hybridity in communication and identities, their relationship has not been studied, as scholars articulating either concept belong to different fields. We analyze a case of a multilingual student to demonstrate how his translingual writing practice was enabled by his dispositions deriving from his transcultural experience. In addition to demonstrating his rhetorical and linguistic sensitivity from his transcultural disposition, we also show that his writing creates a space for his peers and teacher to develop a broadened disposition to appreciate language diversity and creativity. We conclude the article by discussing future possibilities of a transcultural and translingual approach in studying interculturality to promote ‘pluri-dialogic imaginations, globo-ethical positions and epistemological ecologies’.
A Concurrency Control for Transactional Mobile Agents

Mobile agents are autonomous objects that can migrate from one host to another within a computer network. Concurrent execution of multiple mobile agents requires a concurrency control for data consistency. Some mobile agent applications, such as information retrieval, do not need a concurrency control, but most applications, for example workflow and electronic commerce, require such a control on their mobile agents because a task dependency exists between them. In this paper, we define the requirement of transactional mobile agents and compare the performance of some concurrency control methods to select one having the highest concurrency ratio for mobile agents. According to the results of our experiments, we suggest using a timestamp-ordering protocol having alternative tasks for concurrency control on mobile agents. If long-lived and short-lived transactions coexist, it is much better to use a timestamp-ordering protocol having alternative tasks than a locking-based protocol according to performance aspects. Since the timestamp-ordering protocol having alternative tasks assures global serializability, we can maintain the data consistency across the system. To use the timestamp-ordering protocol having alternative task as a concurrency control for mobile agents in distributed environments, we also describe how to solve the cascading abort and global time synchronization problems.
The Effects of Decreasing the Magnitude of Elevation-Dependent Notches in HRTFs on Median Plane Localization

Accurate sound localisation in the median plane is known to require certain spectral cues caused by the pinnae and upper body; which provides important information about a sources location in space, with pinna cues in particular producing considerably prominent peaks and troughs in the spectrum. Iida et al. (2007) suggest that the first peak and the first two pinna related spectral notches (> 5 kHz) provide enough information for the source to be accurately localised. The importance of the magnitude of spectral peaks and notches in median plane localisation is thought to depend on the relative rather than absolute distribution across the frequency spectrum (Macpherson and Sabin, 2013). The present experiment tested three subjects and explored whether a necessary magnitude of pinna related spectral notches exists, if so, what happens to the perceived source position once the magnitude is reduced. The results generally showed that for elevated sources, as pinna related notches were reduced in magnitude, the source position moved upwards in space. This seems to be due to the overall frequency spectrum becoming closer to that of sources located higher in space. For a non-elevated frontal source in the median plane on the other hand, an increase in front-back confusion occurred as a result of notch magnitude manipulation. This again is considered to be due to the altered frequency distribution mimicking that of the HRTF for the opposite direction (i.e., relative dominance of frequencies around 1 kHz over those around 4 kHz).
Adaptive Batch Resolution Algorithm with Deferred Feedback for practical CSMA Wireless Networks

A batch is a group of nodes that have to transmit a single packet each to a common receiver in the shortest time. Most of existing batch resolution algorithms assume immediate feedback and generally neglect the feedback time, being considered much shorter than the packet transmission time. This conjecture, however, fails to apply in many practical high-rate wireless systems, with the consequence that the classical performance analysis of batch resolution algorithms may result overoptimistic. In this report we propose and analyze a batch resolution algorithm for CSMA wireless networks that waives the immediate feedback approach in favor of a deferred feedback method, which shall reduce the overhead costs. The scheme, named Adaptive Batch Resolution Algorithm with Deferred Feedback (ABRADE+), is obtained by merging a batch size estimate module with a framed ALOHA access scheme, whose frame length is dynamically adapted to the residual batch size in order to minimize the overall batch resolution time. ABRADE’s adaptation strategy is designed under the assumption of known batch size. To remove this constraint, we propose a batch size estimation module that, coupled with ABRADE, gives rise to ABRADE+, a complete batch resolution algorithm that works even with no a priori information on the batch size. We then extend ABRADE with a batch size estimation module, thus obtaining a complete batch resolution algorithm, called ABRADE+, that works even with no a priori information on the batch size. ABRADE+ is compared against the batch resolution algorithms based on the immediate feedback paradigm. Results confirm that, in practical CSMA systems, ABRADE+ outperforms the algorithms based on the immediate feedback paradigm, both in case of partial and no a priori knowledge of the batch multiplicity.
Attention and Information Acquisition: Comparison of Mouse-Click with Eye-Movement Attention Tracking

Attention is crucial as a fundamental prerequisite for perception. The measurement of attention in viewing and recognizing the images that surround us constitutes an important part of eye movement research, particularly in advertising-effectiveness research. Recording eye and gaze (i.e. eye and head) movements is considered the standard procedure for measuring attention. However, alternative measurement methods have been developed in recent years, one of which is mouse-click attention tracking (mcAT) by means of an on-line based procedure that measures gaze motion via a mouse-click (i.e. a hand and finger positioning maneuver) on a computer screen. Here we compared the validity of mcAT with eye movement attention tracking (emAT). We recorded data in a between subject design via emAT and mcAT and analyzed and compared 20 subjects for correlations. The test stimuli consisted of 64 images that were assigned to eight categories. Our main results demonstrated a highly significant correlation (p < 0.001) between mcAT and emAT data. We also found significant differences in correlations between different image categories. For simply structured pictures of humans or animals in particular, mcAT provided highly valid and more consistent results compared to emAT. We concluded that mcAT is a suitable method for measuring the attention we give to the images that surround us, such as photographs, graphics, art or digital and print advertisements.
The Directionality of the Relationship Between Left Hemisphere Lateralization for Word Reading and High Spatial Frequency Visual Information

Studies show that emerging left hemisphere lateralization for word reading is correlated with emerging left hemisphere lateralization for high spatial frequency (HSF) information. However, it is currently unclear whether left lateralization is partially caused by a pre‐ existing left hemisphere bias for high spatial frequency visual information (such as that found in words), or if the left hemisphere tuning for HSF is a consequence of reading experience. This study seeks to determine whether lateralization for HSF information exists prior to left lateralization for reading. We use a divided visual field task to examine left hemisphere bias for words and for high spatial frequency Gabor patches in pre‐readers, early readers, and adults. If left hemisphere specialization for reading occurs due to pre‐ existing HSF bias in the left hemisphere, than LH specialization for HSF information will be present before children have word‐reading ability, i.e., in the pre‐readers. In addition, children who demonstrate greater left than right lateralization for HSF may exhibit better word recognition ability. Adults show the predicted left hemisphere lateralization for HSF information and for words, but in pre‐readers, neither of these hemispheric biases is apparent. However, it is the case that in both children and adults, a higher left hemisphere bias for high spatial frequency visual information was correlated with a higher left hemisphere bias for words, indicating an early relationship between these two hemispheric biases.
UPDATED META‐ANALYSIS OF CLASSICAL FEAR CONDITIONING IN THE ANXIETY DISORDERS

The aim of the current study was twofold: (1) to systematically examine differences in fear conditioning between anxiety patients and healthy controls using meta‐analytic methods, and (2) to examine the extent to which study characteristics may account for the variability in findings across studies. Forty‐four studies (published between 1920 and 2013) with data on 963 anxiety disordered patients and 1,222 control subjects were obtained through PubMed and PsycINFO, as well as from a previous meta‐analysis on fear conditioning (Lissek et al. ). Results demonstrated robustly increased fear responses to conditioned safety cues (CS−) in anxiety patients compared to controls during acquisition. This effect may represent an impaired ability to inhibit fear in the presence of safety cues (CS−) and/or may signify an increased tendency in anxiety disordered patients to generalize fear responses to safe stimuli resembling the conditioned danger cue (CS+). In contrast, during extinction, patients show stronger fear responses to the CS+ and a trend toward increased discrimination learning (differentiation between the CS+ and CS−) compared to controls, indicating delayed and/or reduced extinction of fear in anxiety patients. Finally, none of the included study characteristics, such as the type of fear measure (subjective vs. psychophysiological index of fear), could account significantly for the variance in effect sizes across studies. Further research is needed to investigate the predictive value of fear extinction on treatment outcome, as extinction processes are thought to underlie the beneficial effects of exposure treatment in anxiety disorders.
The virtual matter laboratory

New types of computer simulation are being used to investigate matter on the atomic scale. Unlike older simulation methods, the new techniques represent a solid or a liquid as a collection of nuclei and electrons, and the laws of quantum mechanics are used to calculate the energy and the forces from ® rst principles. The most successful method so far for doing ® rst-principles simulation is based on density functional theory and the pseudopotential approximation. I describe the main ideas of these techniques and explain how they can be used to perform simulations in which chemical bonds are made and broken. I give illustrations of current work in two areas: the atomic-scale behaviour of water and other liquids; and molecular processes at surfaces. I stress that the new methods are still evolving rapidly and I point to likely developments in the next few years.
The computational core and fixed point organization in Boolean networks

In this paper, we analyse large random Boolean networks in terms of a constraint satisfaction problem. We first develop an algorithmic scheme which allows us to prune simple logical cascades and underdetermined variables, returning thereby the computational core of the network. Second, we apply the cavity method to analyse the number and organization of fixed points. We find in particular a phase transition between an easy and a complex regulatory phase, the latter being characterized by the existence of an exponential number of macroscopically separated fixed point clusters. The different techniques developed are reinterpreted as algorithms for the analysis of single Boolean networks, and they are applied in the analysis of and in silico experiments on the gene regulatory networks of baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and the segment-polarity genes of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster.
Robust pole assignment techniques via state feedback

We present a unifying computational framework to solve robust pole assignment problems for linear systems using state feedback. The new framework uses Sylvester equation based parametrizations of the pole assignment problems. The non-uniqueness of solutions is exploited by minimizing additionally sensitivity of closed-loop eigenvalues and the norm of the corresponding state feedback matrix. The solution methods rely on using gradient search based minimization techniques on suitably defined cost functions. The discussion of main functional and numerical aspects reveals many desirable features of the underlying algorithms which recommend them to serve as bases for robust numerical software implementations.