Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Evidence That Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Time to Task Failure of a Sustained Submaximal Contraction

The purpose of this study was to determine whether anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) delivered while performing a sustained submaximal contraction would increase time to task failure (TTF) compared to sham stimulation. Healthy volunteers (n = 18) performed two fatiguing contractions at 20% of maximum strength with the elbow flexors on separate occasions. During fatigue task performance, either anodal or sham stimulation was delivered to the motor cortex for up to 20 minutes. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to assess changes in cortical excitability during stimulation. There was no systematic effect of the anodal tDCS stimulation on TTF for the entire subject set (n = 18; p = 0.64). Accordingly, a posteriori subjects were divided into two tDCS-time groups: Full-Time (n = 8), where TTF occurred prior to the termination of tDCS, and Part-Time (n = 10), where TTF extended after tDCS terminated. The TTF for the Full-Time group was 31% longer with anodal tDCS compared to sham (p = 0.04), whereas TTF for the Part-Time group did not differ (p = 0.81). Therefore, the remainder of our analysis addressed the Full-Time group. With anodal tDCS, the amount of muscle fatigue was 6% greater at task failure (p = 0.05) and the amount of time the Full-Time group performed the task at an RPE between 8–10 (“very hard”) increased by 38% (p = 0.04) compared to sham. There was no difference in measures of cortical excitability between stimulation conditions (p = 0.90). That the targeted delivery of anodal tDCS during task performance both increased TTF and the amount of muscle fatigue in a subset of subjects suggests that augmenting cortical excitability with tDCS enhanced descending drive to the spinal motorpool to recruit more motor units. The results also suggest that the application of tDCS during performance of fatiguing activity has the potential to bolster the capacity to exercise under conditions required to derive benefits due to overload.
Gap junction‐mediated intercellular communication in a long‐term primary mouse hepatocyte culture system

Gap junction‐mediated intercellular communication (GJIC) is critical for maintaining integral cellular processes including differentiation and growth control. The disruption of GJIC has been correlated with aberrant function in many cell types, including hepatocytes in vivo; therefore it is imperative that cellular model systems support intercellular communication to simulate normal cellular functions. Functional GJIC has been shown in long‐term primary rat hepatocyte cultures, which have been implemented widely to study various aspects of hepatocellular function; however, the onset of transgenic technology in murine species has necessitated the development of a primary mouse hepatocyte system. In this report, we analyze GJIC in a dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)‐containing long‐term primary mouse hepatocyte culture system. The cells retain morphologic and biochemical characteristics of differentiated hepatocytes through day 30 post plating, including liver‐specific gene expression. We further show that connexin32 and connexin26 expression and gap junction plaque formation increase over time in culture concomitant with an increase in GJIC between adjoining primary mouse hepatocytes. In conclusion, the findings described in this study make it possible to maintain differentiated primary mouse hepatocytes that also show GJIC in long‐term culture for 30 days. In addition, this system has the potential to be extended to study primary mouse hepatocytes isolated from genetically engineered mice.
Exponential Integration for Hamiltonian Monte Carlo Supplementary Material

The one-step formulation in (7) defines a discrete flow Φh : (ri, ṙi) 7→ (ri+1, ṙi+1) which is by definition timereversible if Φh ◦ Φ−h = I . Consequently, the integration (ri+1, ṙi+1) = Φh(ri, ṙi) is time-reversible iff exchanging i ↔ i + 1 and h ↔ −h leaves it unaltered. By straightforward calculation, this is fulfilled for the choice ψ(·) = sinc(·)ψ1(·) and ψ0(·) = cos(·)ψ1(·). Moreover, Φh is by definition symplectic if it preserves the surface areas resulting from the projections onto planes of momenta and positions, i.e. iff for all ξ0, ξ1 ∈ R the spanning function ω(ξ,μ) := ξJμ satisfies ω (Φh(·, ·)ξ0,Φh(·, ·)ξ1) = ω (ξ0, ξ1). Because a differentiable flow can be approximated locally by a linear map, Φh is symplectic iff the mapping given by its Jacobian J := Φh is symplectic, i.e. J −1adiag(I,−I)J = adiag(I,−I) (Hairer et al., 2006). This is equivalent to h/2 cos(hΩ)ψ(hΩ)φ(hΩ)∂riF [φ(hΩ)ri] = h/2Ωsin(hΩ)ψ0(hΩ)φ(hΩ)∂riF [φ(hΩ)ri]. Equating coefficients leads to ψ(·) = sinc(·)φ(·).
Automatic optical inspection

An automatic optical inspection system is provided to reduce manufacturing costs of the inspection system, and to easily install the device in a narrow operation space by including a macro inspection device and a micro inspection device together in one system. An automatic optical inspection system comprises a stage(100), a macro inspection device(200) and a micro inspection device(300). The macro inspection device including a rack gear formed on a guide surface curved around a hinge bracket, and a body having a CCD camera and a pinion gear engaged with the rack gear so that the pinion gear seeks an optimum capturing angle is installed on an upper one end of a stage with a conventional air return device. The conventional micro inspection device is installed on the upper other end of a stage with a line scan camera(310). A macro inspection and a micro inspection are performed together for an inspection object(G).
Abstract—real-time Embedded Systems Should Benefit From

component-based software engineering to handle complexity and deal with dependability. In these systems, applications should not only be logically correct but also behave within time windows. However, in the current component based software engineering approaches, a few of component models handles time properties in a manner that allows efficient analysis and checking at the architectural level. In this paper, we present a meta-model for component-based software description that integrates timing issues. To achieve a complete functional model of software components, our meta-model focuses on four functional aspects: interface, static behavior, dynamic behavior, and interaction protocol. With each aspect we have explicitly associated a time model. Such a time model can be used to check a component's design against certain properties and to compute the timing properties of component assemblies.
Influence of cue‐conditioning on acquisition, maintenance and relapse of cocaine intravenous self‐administration

Conditioning theories propose that, through a Pavlovian associative process, discrete stimuli acquire the ability to elicit neural states involved in the maintenance and relapse of a drug‐taking behaviour. Experimental evidence indicates that drug‐related cues play a role in relapse, however, their influence on the development and maintenance of drug self‐administration has been poorly investigated. In this report, we analysed the effects of a drug‐associated cue light on acquisition, maintenance and reinstatement of intravenous cocaine self‐administration. The results show that a cocaine‐associated cue light can act as an incentive in absence of the drug, but does not directly modify drug‐reinforcing effects. Contingent and non‐contingent presentations of a cocaine‐associated cue light reinstated an extinguished self‐administration behaviour. However, regardless of whether or not a cue light was associated with cocaine infusions, rats acquire cocaine intravenous self‐administration reaching the same levels of intake. Furthermore, after self‐administration has been acquired in presence of the cue light, the omission of the cue light or its non‐contingent presentation did not modify rat behaviour. In conclusion, our work shows that cocaine‐associated explicit cues do not directly interfere with the reinforcing effects of the drug.
The levels of conceptual interoperability model: applying systems engineering principles to M&S

This paper describes the use of the Levels of Conceptual Interoperability Model (LCIM) as a framework for conceptual modeling and its descriptive and prescriptive uses. LCIM is applied to show its potential and shortcomings in the current simulation interoperability approaches, in particular the High Level Architecture (HLA) and Base Object Models (BOM). It emphasizes the need to apply rigorous engineering methods and principles and replace ad-hoc approaches.
A parA Homolog Selectively Influences Positioning of the Large Chromosome Origin in Vibrio cholerae

ABSTRACT A Vibrio cholerae deletion mutant lacking VS2773, a parA partitioning gene homolog located in a parAB operon on the large chromosome, displays altered positioning of the large chromosome origin. Deletion of a second parA homolog on the large chromosome (VC2061) does not affect its origin positioning. The origin position of the small chromosome is unchanged by either or both of these deletions, suggesting that VC2773 function is specific to the replicon on which it is carried. VC2773 and VC2772 form a parABS system with inverted repeats found near the large chromosome origin.
Probabilistic Forecasting of Wind Power Generation Using Extreme Learning Machine

Accurate and reliable forecast of wind power is essential to power system operation and control. However, due to the nonstationarity of wind power series, traditional point forecasting can hardly be accurate, leading to increased uncertainties and risks for system operation. This paper proposes an extreme learning machine (ELM)-based probabilistic forecasting method for wind power generation. To account for the uncertainties in the forecasting results, several bootstrap methods have been compared for modeling the regression uncertainty, based on which the pairs bootstrap method is identified with the best performance. Consequently, a new method for prediction intervals formulation based on the ELM and the pairs bootstrap is developed. Wind power forecasting has been conducted in different seasons using the proposed approach with the historical wind power time series as the inputs alone. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for probabilistic forecasting of wind power generation with a high potential for practical applications in power systems.
Weak Alphabet Merging of Partial Behavior Models

Constructing comprehensive operational models of intended system behavior is a complex and costly task, which can be mitigated by the construction of partial behavior models, providing early feedback and subsequently elaborating them iteratively. However, how should partial behavior models with different viewpoints covering different aspects of behavior be composed? How should partial models of component instances of the same type be put together? In this article, we propose model merging of modal transition systems (MTSs) as a solution to these questions. MTS models are a natural extension of labelled transition systems that support explicit modeling of what is currently unknown about system behavior. We formally define model merging based on weak alphabet refinement, which guarantees property preservation, and show that merging consistent models is a process that should result in a minimal common weak alphabet refinement (MCR). In this article, we provide theoretical results and algorithms that support such a process. Finally, because in practice MTS merging is likely to be combined with other operations over MTSs such as parallel composition, we also study the algebraic properties of merging and apply these, together with the algorithms that support MTS merging, in a case study.
Interactive exploration of unsteady 3D flow with linked 2D/3D texture advection

In this paper, we present linked 2D/3D texture advection for the interactive exploration of 3D flow. 3D texture advection facilitates a dense representation of the 3D structure of unsteady flow but is subject to problems of occlusion and clutter. Therefore, it is difficult for the user to explore features in occluded regions. We overcome the occlusion problem by adopting an additional 2D representation on several parallel slices through the data set. By linking these two views, our approach allows the user to gain unrestricted access to all spatial areas of the data set and, at the same time, retain a view on the 3D nature of the flow. Furthermore, the 2D view is used to visualize an additional attribute of the data set by color coding, such as vortex strength, temperature, or velocity magnitude. The 2D view lets the user explore flow features by selecting interesting values in this attribute space. A brushing and linking mechanism provides immediate feedback by highlighting selected data values in both the 2D and 3D representations. Finally, we discuss a GPU implementation of our visualization approach that is the technical basis for interactive exploration and real-time visualization without the need for preprocessing.
RotoSwype: Word-Gesture Typing using a Ring

We propose RotoSwype, a technique for word-gesture typing using the orientation of a ring worn on the index finger. RotoSwype enables one-handed text-input without encumbering the hand with a device, a desirable quality in many scenarios, including virtual or augmented reality. The method is evaluated using two arm positions: with the hand raised up with the palm parallel to the ground; and with the hand resting at the side with the palm facing the body. A five-day study finds both hand positions achieved speeds of at least 14 words-per-minute (WPM) with uncorrected error rates near 1%, outperforming previous comparable techniques.
Archaeal DNA Replication : A Robust Model for Eukaryotes

The Yellowstone National Park environment plays host to a range of hyperthermophilic ecosystems. Hot sulfur springs are inhabited by a range of bacterial and archaeal microorganisms. Understanding how these organisms replicate their DNA under such apparently inimical conditions is of inherent interest. Furthermore, the archaeal replication system is proving to be a valuable model for the eukaryotic replication apparatus. With the publishing of the first archaeal genome sequences, it became apparent that archaea and eukaryotes have closely related machineries for replication of their genomic DNA. Many of the key players in the eukaryotic apparatus are present, usually in a simplified form in archaea. The relationship between the archaeal and eukaryotic machineries, coupled with the stripped-down nature of the archaeal complexes and the relative tractability of proteins derived from hyperthermophilic archaea, has led a number of laboratories around the world to focus on archaeal DNA replication as a potentially powerful model system to reveal the molecular basis of conserved events in replication. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in our understanding of both initiation and elongation phases of archaeal DNA replication. 278
Development of a Welding Robot for a Narrow Space of Offshore Platforms

In this paper, a welding mobile manipulator for building offshore platforms is introduced. First of all, forward kinematics to analyze the relation between the joint angle inputs and the position and orientation of the end-effector is performed. Then, a motion planning algorithm using Jacobian is proposed. To solve a localization problem, a localization algorithm based on particle filters is applied. To verify the proposed methods, several simulations including a motion planning and localization simulations are performed. For a better welding motion, the optimal position of the mobile platform is proposed. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed welding robot system through an experiment is verified.
Retinal Gene Therapy: Surgical Vector Delivery in the Translation to Clinical Trials

An exceptionally high number of monogenic disorders lead to incurable blindness, making them targets for the development of gene-therapy. In order to successfully apply therapeutic vector systems in vivo, the heterogeneity of the disease phenotype needs to be considered. This necessitates tailored approaches such as subretinal or intravitreal injections with the aim to maximize transduction of target cell populations, while minimizing off-target effects and surgical complications. Strategic decisions on parameters of the application are crucial to obtain the best treatment outcomes and patient safety. While most of the current retinal gene therapy trials utilize a subretinal approach, a deeper understanding of the numerous factors and considerations in choosing one delivery approach over the other for various ocular pathologies could lead to an improved safety and treatment efficacy. In this review we survey different vector injection techniques and parameters applied in recent retinal (pre-)clinical trials. We explore the advantages and shortcomings of each delivery strategy in the setting of different underlying ocular pathologies and other relevant factors. We highlight the potential benefits for patient safety and efficacy in applying those considerations in the decision making process.
Improved decoding of LDPC coded modulations

A coded modulation belief propagation (CMBP) decoder is proposed for decoding LDPC codes with multilevel modulations. The decoder takes into account statistical dependencies among bits originating in the same symbol, providing better performance than the marginal BP (MBP) decoder. Asymptotically it converges to MAP decoding. The CMBP decoder is based on a single-level coding (SLC) scheme and does not suffer from practical disadvantages of multi-level coding (MLC) schemes. Furthermore, the CMBP decoder can close the capacity gap of the bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM) SLC scheme. The BICM capacity gap increases when the modulation size increases and in scenarios where gray mapping is not possible.
An extended multiresolution approach to mouth specific AAM fitting for Speech Recognition

Active Appearance Models (AAMs) are a widely used technique for face tracking. They work by minimising the difference between an unobserved image and a synthetically generated image created by a statistical model of the deformable object, e.g. a face. The Fixed Jacobian algorithm is the most widely used algorithm for fitting AAMs. A Gaussian Image Pyramid fitting technique is used in order to make this process more robust and computationally faster. This paper presents a new image pyramid fitting structure specifically developed for application to an Audio-Visual Speach Recognition (AVSR) system in which the area described by the AAM is reduced as the iterations progress. This allows the fitting technique to be more accurate as the fitting progresses. The new fitting structure is implemented with the Fixed Jacobian algorithm and then compared to a standard approach where the mouth shape is extracted from a full face AAM. The test is performed using images from the CUAVE database. The new structure is shown to be more accurate and robust than the full face approach, with a 14.10% increase in the convergence of the mouth points to within a 4 pixel average difference, while also achieving a 8.53% improvement in the accuracy of the fit.
The Early Extraction of Sublexical Phonology in Reading Chinese Pseudocharacters: An Event-related Potentials Study *

This event-related potentials (ERPs) study attempts to trace the time course it takes to extract phonology while reading Chinese pseudocharacters. Participants were asked to passively attend to a set of pseudocharacters, each paired with a spoken syllable. This syllable had either a predicable or an unpredictable pronunciation, which was determined by the constituent phonetic radical of the pseudocharacter. The data showed that pseudocharacters paired with predictable or unpredictable pronunciations elicited different ERPs and suggested that Chinese pseudocharacters are pronounceable. Furthermore, pseudocharacters paired with unpredictable pronunciations elicited two greater frontal positivities, p2a and p2b, and an enhanced N400. P2 component could be used to index the early extraction of phonology in reading Chinese pseudocharacter; N400 was associated with the post-lexical processing. These findings suggest that phonetic radicals could be used to suggest pronunciation in the early stage of Chinese lexical processing.
Morphologic and Neurochemical Abnormalities in the Auditory Brainstem of the Genetically Epilepsy‐prone Hamster (GPG/Vall)

Summary: Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate whether audiogenic seizures, in a strain of genetically epilepsy‐prone hamsters (GPG/Vall), might be associated with morphologic alterations in the cochlea and auditory brainstem. In addition, we used parvalbumin as a marker of neurons with high levels of activity to examine changes within neurons.
Hitachi at SemEval-2016 Task 12: A Hybrid Approach for Temporal Information Extraction from Clinical Notes

This paper describes the system developed for the task of temporal information extraction from clinical narratives in the context of 2016 Clinical TempEval challenge. Clinical TempEval 2016 addressed the problem of temporal reasoning in clinical domain by providing annotated clinical notes and pathology reports similar to Clinical TempEval challenge 2015. The Clinical TempEval challenge consisted of six subtasks. Hitachi team participated in two time expression based subtasks: time expression span detection (TS) and time expression attribute identification (TA) for which we developed hybrid of rule-based and machine learning based methods using Stanford TokensRegex framework and Stanford Named Entity Recognizer and evaluated it on the THYME corpus. Our hybrid system achieved a maximum F-score of 0.73 for identification of time spans (TS) and 0.71 for identification of time attributes (TA).
Relating operational and denotational semantics for input/output effects

We study the longstanding problem of semantics for input/output (I/O) expressed using side-effects. Our vehicle is a small higher-order imperative language, with operations for interactive character I/O and based on ML syntax. Unlike previous theories, we present both operational and denotational semantics for I/O effects. We use a novel labelled transition system that uniformly expresses both applicative and imperative computation. We make a standard definition of bisimilarity and prove bisimilarity is a congruence using Howe's method. Next, we define a metalanguage [Mscr ] in which we may give a denotational semantics to [Oscr ]. [Mscr ] generalises Crole and Pitts' FIX-logic by adding in a parameterised recursive datatype, which is used to model I/O. [Mscr ] comes equipped both with an operational semantics and a domain-theoretic semantics in the category [Cscr ][Pscr ][Pscr ][Oscr ] of cppos (bottom-pointed posets with joins of ω-chains) and Scott continuous functions. We use the [Cscr ][Pscr ][Pscr ][Oscr ] semantics to prove that [Mscr ] is computationally adequate for the operational semantics using formal approximation relations. The existence of such relations is based on recent work of Pitts (Pitts 1994b) for untyped languages, and uses the idea of minimal invariant objects due to Freyd. A monadic-style textual translation into [Mscr ] induces a denotational semantics on [Oscr ]. Our final result validates the denotational semantics: if the denotations of two [Oscr ] programs are equal, then the [Oscr ] programs are in fact operationally equivalent.