Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AI, OR and Control Theory: A Rosetta Stone for Stochastic Optimization

Stochastic optimization arises in a wide range of problems, and as a result the ideas have been developed in different communities, creating fragmented styles in terms of notation, modeling and algorithms. Some of these variations can be explained by differences in application, as well as differences in research styles. We attempt to bridge these communities by describing how to translate notational systems, while contrasting modeling and algorithmic strategies. We also touch on differences in research styles which reflect expectations for a publishable contribution as well as the style of publication outlets used by different communities. This version of the paper has been written largely without references (more references may be added later). At this point, I think it is fair to say that all of the concepts contained in this paper have been expressed somewhere in the literature, or are at least known among groups of researchers. This article synthesizes these ideas in a coherent way, and while multiple notational systems are reviewed, there is also an attempt to develop some common notational principles that will help to foster communication across communities. This article is intended as a discussion piece and is not intended for journal publication. The goal is to help foster communication between the different communities. Constructive thoughts and comments are warmly appreciated. Since this document will evolve over time, please email your comments to powell@princeton.edu. You may put notes directly on the pdf (this is best), but if you put them in email, please include the date on the front page so I know which version you are using.
Synthesis of new scientific challenges for GODAE OceanView

The marine environment plays an increasingly important role in shaping economies and infrastructures, and touches upon many aspects of our lives, including food supplies, energy resources, national security and recreational activities. Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) and GODAE OceanView have provided platforms for international collaboration that significantly contribute to the scientific development and increasing uptake of ocean forecasting products by end users who address societal issues such as those listed above. Many scientific challenges and opportunities remain to be tackled in the ever-changing field of operational oceanography, from the observing system to modelling, data assimilation and product dissemination. This paper provides a brief overview of past achievements in GODAE OceanView, but subsequently concentrates on the future scientific foci of GODAE OceanView and its Task Teams, and provides a vision for the future of ocean forecasting.
FIR INVERSE FILTERS: MIMO SYSTEMS IN SEVERAL VARIABLES

A necessary and sufficient condition is given for the existence of a polynomial left inverse for a polynomial (FIR) system. Additionally, random systems are defined, and a sufficient condition is given for almost sure existence of a polynomial inverse. The two results extend previous work in single-input, multiple-output systems to the case of multiple input systems and to functions of several variables. Corollaries describe calibration of polarimetric, wide-band radar imagery.
The program dependence graph in a software development environment

The internal program representation chosen for a software development environment plays a critical role in the nature of that environment. A form should facilitate implementation and contribute to the responsiveness of the environment to the user. The program dependence graph (PDG) may be a suitable internal form. It allows programs to be sliced in linear time for debugging and for use by language-directed editors. The slices obtained are more accurate than those obtained with existing methods because I/O is accounted for correctly and irrelevant statements on multi-statement lines are not displayed. The PDG may be interpreted in a data driven fashion or may have highly optimized (including vectorized) code produced from it. It is amenable to incremental data flow analysis, improving response time to the user in an interactive environment and facilitating debugging through data flow anomaly detection. It may also offer a good basis for software complexity metrics, adding to the completeness of an environment based on it.
Utilizing Voting Systems for Ranking User Tweets

Twitter is a very popular social network website that allows users to publish short posts called tweets. Users in Twitter can follow other users, called followees. A user can see the posts of his followees on his Twitter profile home page. An information overload problem arose, with the increase of the number of followees, related to the number of tweets available in the user page. Twitter, similar to other social network websites, attempts to elevate the tweets the user is expected to be interested in to increase overall user engagement. However, Twitter still uses the chronological order to rank the tweets. The tweets ranking problem was addressed in many current researches. A subproblem of this problem is to rank the tweets for a single followee. In this paper we represent the tweets using several features and then we propose to use a weighted version of the famous voting system Borda-Count (BC) to combine several ranked lists into one. A gradient descent method and collaborative filtering method are employed to learn the optimal weights. We also employ the Baldwin voting system for blending features (or predictors). Finally we use the greedy feature selection algorithm to select the best combination of features to ensure the best results.
Globular Cluster Metallicity Subpopulations in NGC 4472

Bimodality is a common feature of globular cluster (GC) color distributions in galaxies. Although it is well known that the GC system of the Milky Way is bimodal in metallicity, this has yet to be directly demonstrated for an elliptical galaxy. We use Lick index measurements from the literature to derive metallicities for 47 GCs in the giant Virgo elliptical galaxy NGC 4472. The resulting distribution shows clear evidence for two metallicity subpopulations of GCs.
Range identification for perspective vision systems

In this paper, a new continuous observer is developed to determine range information (and hence the 3-dimensional (3D) coordinates) of an object feature moving with affine motion dynamics (or the more general Riccati motion dynamics) with known motion parameters. The unmeasurable range information is determined from a single camera provided an observability condition is satisfied that has physical significance. To develop the observer, the perspective system is expressed in terms of the nonlinear feature dynamics. The structure of the proposed observer is inspired by recent disturbance observer results. The proposed technique facilitates a Lyapunov-based analysis that is less complex than the sliding-mode based analysis derived for recent discontinuous observer designs. The analysis demonstrates that the 3D task-space coordinates of the feature point can be asymptotically identified.
Legionella Eukaryotic-Like Type IV Substrates Interfere with Organelle Trafficking

Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, evades phago-lysosome fusion in mammalian and protozoan hosts to create a suitable niche for intracellular replication. To modulate vesicle trafficking pathways, L. pneumophila translocates effector proteins into eukaryotic cells through a Type IVB macro-molecular transport system called the Icm-Dot system. In this study, we employed a fluorescence-based translocation assay to show that 33 previously identified Legionella eukaryotic-like genes (leg) encode substrates of the Icm-Dot secretion system. To assess which of these proteins may contribute to the disruption of vesicle trafficking, we expressed each gene in yeast and looked for phenotypes related to vacuolar protein sorting. We found that LegC3-GFP and LegC7/YlfA-GFP caused the mis-secretion of CPY-Invertase, a fusion protein normally restricted to the yeast vacuole. We also found that LegC7/YlfA-GFP and its paralog LegC2/YlfB-GFP formed large structures around the yeast vacuole while LegC3-GFP localized to the plasma membrane and a fragmented vacuole. In mammalian cells, LegC2/YlfB-GFP and LegC7/YlfA-GFP were found within large structures that co-localized with anti-KDEL antibodies but excluded the lysosomal marker LAMP-1, similar to what is observed in Legionella-containing vacuoles. LegC3-GFP, in contrast, was observed as smaller structures which had no obvious co-localization with KDEL or LAMP-1. Finally, LegC3-GFP caused the accumulation of many endosome-like structures containing undigested material when expressed in the protozoan host Dictyostelium discoideum. Our results demonstrate that multiple Leg proteins are Icm/Dot-dependent substrates and that LegC3, LegC7/YlfA, and LegC2/YlfB may contribute to the intracellular trafficking of L. pneumophila by interfering with highly conserved pathways that modulate vesicle maturation.
Performance Analysis of Random Dither Quantizers in Feedback Control Systems

Abstract This paper analyzes the performance of the random dither quantizers from the view of feedback control. In particular, we focus here on the uniform random dither quantizers, which use an additional random signal with a uniform distribution at each sampling period. First, two interesting properties are shown by numerical examples, which motivate us to analyze the performance of such quantizers in feedback control loop. Next, an upper bound of the performance is derived, which enables us to easily estimate the performance of the random dither quantizers. Finally, the relation between the performance and the sampling period is clarified.
Implementation and evaluation of on-demand address allocation for event-driven sensor network

In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient address allocation method for the event-driven sensor network, and implement and evaluate the proposed method. The proposed method allocates a temporary address only to a sensor node which detects an event, on an on-demand basis. By performing simulation studies, we evaluated the proposed method and compared it with one of the existing methods from the perspective of the number of control messages for the address allocation. The results show that the number of control messages of the proposed method is small compared to that of the existing methods. We also evaluated the processing time overhead of the proposed method using the implemented system. Although the proposed method has little extra overhead, the results show the processing time is short enough for practical use.
Towards the Design of Human-Centred e-Tourism Systems

Consumer research into Internet usage has typically focussed on areas such as information search behaviour and the technologies that ensure smooth webpage navigation and security of transactions. Little attempt has been made to identify and interpret consumers’ emotional responses to websites, despite the extensive marketing literature into emotions and their impact on consumer behaviour (Machleit and Eroglu, 2000). This paper therefore poses the question: What elements and parts of web pages generate positive and/or negative emotional responses from the viewers? We offer the conceptual foundation for a proposed large-scale research and software development project. The setting for the proposed research is the tourism industry.
Verification of Patent Document Similarity of Using Dictionary Data Extracted from Notification of Reasons for Refusal

Claims are written very difficult to read by the convention. Therefore, Claim sentences are difficult to understand. Because, compound nouns are frequent in the patent documents. When the degree of similarity of the patent document is measured using only morphological, most documents are similar. Characteristic nouns such as "features", "device", "means" and "method" have appeared for most of the patent documents. It is not possible to make an efficient search. Thus, It is necessary to apply the search using the compound nouns in the patent document. However, there is a disadvantage that the compound noun is less frequently appear in the document. To make up for this disadvantage, it is sufficient that the compound noun is to be identified as similar. Therefore, we decided to take advantage of the "notice of reasons for refusal ". The notice of reasons for refusal has patent examiner clearly contrasts point. Mostly shows a compound noun in the portion of the invention. Dictionary data of a similar compound noun was made based on this. Compound nouns and verbs were extracted from claims as a dependence phrase. On the basis of dictionary data, similarities of documents are confirmed. As a result, the difference between the similar document numbers is indicated by presence or absence of phrases aggregation. Furthermore, it is effective to take advantage of the "notice of reasons for refusal" that are automatically stored when patent refusal causes.
MOTION SEGMENTATION BASED ON INDEPENDENT SUBSPACE ANALYSIS

In this paper, we propose a novel method to address the segmentation problem of multiple independently moving objects. Based on the fact that multiple objects’ trajectories correspond to multiple independent subspaces, first, bases of these subspaces are extracted by applying independent subspace analysis (ISA). Then, these bases are grouped properly after evaluating the correlation coefficients of them. Feature grouping and outlier rejection are effectively performed by calculating the data point’s membership functions to these subspaces. A reasonable energy function is also introduced to facilitate optimal segmentation. The geometrical essence of the method is regarded as a global constraint added in the segmentation process resulting in a considerable increase in error tolerance, without either prior knowledge of the number of objects or prior assumption about existence of degeneracy. The experimental results on synthetic and real data both demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Performance enhancement in disturbance rejection by PID controller in series with low pass filter

In this paper a new tuning procedure is described for the ideal PID controller in series with the firstorder low pass filter. It is based on the direct synthesis approach. Analytical expressions for the PID controller are derived for a common type of process model. Although the controller is designed for disturbance rejection, the set point response is satisfactory and can be improved by adjusting a single set point weighing factor b. Three simulation examples demonstrate that the proposed design method results in very good control for process models. IAE (Internal absolute error) of the proposed method is having smaller value than DS-d controller. In example 2 it is reduced up to 85%. As a result the proposed design method provides better disturbance rejection than the standard direct synthesis.
Allosteric Regulation of Bacillus subtilis NAD Kinase by Quinolinic Acid

ABSTRACT NADP is essential for biosynthetic pathways, energy, and signal transduction. In living organisms, NADP biosynthesis proceeds through the phosphorylation of NAD with a reaction catalyzed by NAD kinase. We expressed, purified, and characterized Bacillus subtilis NAD kinase. This enzyme represents a new member of the inorganic polyphosphate [poly(P)]/ATP NAD kinase subfamily, as it can use poly(P), ATP, or other nucleoside triphosphates as phosphoryl donors. NAD kinase showed marked positive cooperativity for the substrates ATP and poly(P) and was inhibited by its product, NADP, suggesting that the enzyme plays a major regulatory role in NADP biosynthesis. We discovered that quinolinic acid, a central metabolite in NAD(P) biosynthesis, behaved like a strong allosteric activator for the enzyme. Therefore, we propose that NAD kinase is a key enzyme for both NADP metabolism and quinolinic acid metabolism.
Are Credit Spreads Too Low or Too High - A Hybrid Barrier Option Approach for Financial Distress

Based on the works of Brockman, P. and Turtle, H. J. (2003) and Giesecke, K. (2004), we propose in this study a hybrid barrier option model to explain observed credit spreads. It is free of problems with the structural model, which underprescribed credit spreads for investment grade corporate bonds and overprescribed the high‐yield issues. Unlike the standard barrier option approach, our hybrid model does not imply, for high‐yield issues with firms under financial stress, a reduction of credit spreads while firm value actually falls. Our empirical analysis supports that when credit spreads are quoted abnormally higher or rising faster than expected, unexpected changes tend to persist. Otherwise a significant and prompt reversion to long‐term equilibrium takes place. This asymmetric pricing phenomenon is validated with a method introduced by Enders, W. and Granger, C. W. J. (1998) and Enders, W. and Siklos, P. L. (2001). The pricing asymmetry could not have been produced by a structural model employing only standard option. But it is consistent with a hybrid barrier option model. Our model characterizes the valuation of debt under financial stress and the asymmetric price pattern better than both the classical structural and the standard barrier option approaches. It can be extended to the study of individual CDS for its better liquidity than individual corporate bonds. This study provides helpful implications especially for the medium and high‐yield issues in pricing as well as portfolio diversification. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:1161–1189, 2009
A metamodeling approach to transform UML 2.0 sequence diagrams to Petri nets

The paper presents transformations from UML 2.0 Sequence Diagrams to Time Petri nets with inhibitor arcs. The transformation is not restricted to messages calls and responses, but also to some of the new Sequence Diagrams operators. This model-to-model transformation is based on metamodels and is useful to improve semantics, as Petri nets can be executed by simulation and formally proved. The advantages of this multi-formalism approach are that different views are represented, complex systems development is done based on several levels of detail, and complexity is managed with abstraction and modularization.
CoRegNet: reconstruction and integrated analysis of co-regulatory networks

CoRegNet is an R/Bioconductor package to analyze large-scale transcriptomic data by highlighting sets of co-regulators. Based on a transcriptomic dataset, CoRegNet can be used to: reconstruct a large-scale co-regulatory network, integrate regulation evidences such as transcription factor binding sites and ChIP data, estimate sample-specific regulator activity, identify cooperative transcription factors and analyze the sample-specific combinations of active regulators through an interactive visualization tool. In this study CoRegNet was used to identify driver regulators of bladder cancer. Availability: CoRegNet is available at http://bioconductor.org/packages/CoRegNet Contact: remy.nicolle@issb.genopole. fr or mohamed.elati@issb.genopole. fr Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Unsupervised training of adaptation rate using q-learning in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition

This paper describes a novel approach based on unsupervised training of the MAP adaptation rate using Q-learning. Qlearning is a reinforcement learning technique and is a computational approach to learning whereby an agent tries to maximize the total amount of reward it receives when interacting with a complex, uncertain environment. The proposed method defines the likelihood of the adapted model as a reward and learns a weight factor that indicates the relative balance between the initial model and adaptation data without the need for supervised data. We conducted recognition experiments on a lecture using a corpus of spontaneous Japanese. We were able to estimate the optimal weight factor using Q-learning in advance. MAP adaptation using the weight factor estimated with the proposed method acquired recognition accuracy that was equivalent to MAP adaptation using a weight factor determined experimentally.
Using Bottleneck Verification to Find Novel New Attacks with a Low False Alarm Rate

A new low-complexity approach to intrusion detection called "bottleneck verification" was developed which can find novel attacks with low false alarm rates. Bottleneck verification is a general approach to intrusion detection designed specifically for systems where there are only a few legal "bottleneck" methods to transition to a higher privilege level and where it is relatively easy to determine when a user is at a higher level. The key concept is to detect 1) When legal bottleneck methods are used and 2) When a user is at a high privilege level. This approach detects an attack whenever a user performs operations at a high privilege level without using legal bottleneck methods to transition to that level. It can theoretically detect any novel attack which illegally transitions a user to a high privilege level without prior knowledge of the attack
Multilevel Analysis of Rural Outmigration in Guangdong , China 1

In this paper, the author first reviewed studies of migration and development in developing countries. Then, by linking the macro-and microapproaches, he presented a multilevel contextual analysis of migration based on a baseline survey in the rural areas of Guangdong province, China in 1995 to evaluate the impacts of migration policy, rural community development, individual and household characteristics on rural outmigration. The results suggest that migration decision is highly related to individual education levels, marital status, and household registration status, household dependency ratio and income level, and community development level. Finally, the policy implications on migration and development policies in China were discussed. Multilevel Analysis of Rural Outmigration in Guangdong, China Zhu Junming, Ph.D. Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 E-mail: jzhu@hsph.harvard. edu
High density and low leakage current based 5T SRAM cell using 45 nm technology

This paper is based on the observation of a CMOS five-transistor SRAM cell (5T SRAM cell) for very high density and low power applications. This cell retains its data with leakage current and positive feedback without refresh cycle. This 5T SRAM cell uses one word-line and one bit-line and extra read-line control. The new cell size is 21.66% smaller than a conventional six-transistor SRAM cell using same design rules with no performance degradation. Simulation and analytical results show purposed cell has correct operation during read/write and also the delay of new cell is 70.15% smaller than a six-transistor SRAM cell. The new 5T SRAM cell contains 72.10% less leakage current with respect to the 6T SRAM memory cell using cadence 45 nm technology.
HotpathVM: an effective JIT compiler for resource-constrained devices

We present a just-in-time compiler for a Java VM that is small enough to fit on resource-constrained devices, yet is surprisingly effective. Our system dynamically identifies traces of frequently executed bytecode instructions (which may span several basic blocks across several methods) and compiles them via Static Single Assignment (SSA) construction. Our novel use of SSA form in this context allows to hoist instructions across trace side-exits without necessitating expensive compensation code in off-trace paths. The overall memory consumption (code and data) of our system is only 150 kBytes, yet benchmarks show a speedup that in some cases rivals heavy-weight just-in-time compilers.