Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insulin receptor A and Sirtuin 1 synergistically improve learning and spatial memory following chronic salidroside treatment during hypoxia

Hypoxia has been reported to cause hippocampal neurodegeneration resulting in learning and memory deficits. In the present study, we investigated the potential of salidroside, a glucoside derivative of tyrosol, in ameliorating hypoxia‐induced neurodegeneration and memory impairment. Morris water maze test showed improvement in learning and spatial memory of salidroside‐treated hypoxic rats correlating with increased dendritic intersections and arborization. Salidroside administration increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor subunit A (IRA) at Y972, Y1162/63, and Y1146 sites and subsequent activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) α subunit isoforms pAMPKα1 and pAMPKα2 resulting in mitochondrial biogenesis. Contrarily, silencing of IRA in salidroside‐supplemented hypoxic hippocampal cells could not improve cell viability or alter pAMPKα1 and pAMPKα2 expression. Rats administered with salidroside showed elevated expression of phosphorylated cAMP response element‐binding protein in the hippocampus. Salidroside administration also resulted in increased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity through a cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1)‐regulated mechanism that was independent of pIRA. Taken together, these findings suggest a synergistic role of pIRA and SIRT1 in salidroside‐mediated neuroprotection, mitochondrial biogenesis, and cognitive improvement during hypoxia.
Perspectives on rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy: exploring a cross-cultural view of parents from India and Canada using the international classification of functioning, disability and health

Abstract Purpose: To explore parents’ perspectives on rehabilitation of their child with cerebral palsy and their information needs. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with parents of children with CP from India (n = 11) and Canada (n = 7). Data were analyzed through an interpretive description approach using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. Results: Body Structure and Function: Indian parents were more focused on fixing body structure and function challenges, and independent walking, than Canadian parents. Activity and Participation: All Canadian children were actively involved in school and fun activities in the community. Due to lack of accessible services, Indian children had less school and community participation. Environmental factors: accessible communities, occupational therapy services and greater use of assistive devices enabled Canadian children. Social and cultural beliefs, lack of access to services and inaccessible communities were the barriers experienced by Indian parents. Information needs: both groups needed information to make their child more functional. Conclusion: Canadian parents experience a more enabling environment and express a more social view of their child’s health, suggesting both education on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health principles and services are needed to better enable and empower Indian parents. There remains a need for healthcare professionals and services in both countries to be more family-centered. Implications for rehabilitation To help parents in rehabilitating their children with cerebral palsy (CP), in India, there is a need to (1) incorporate ICF education into medical curricula and clinical practice; (2) increase the availability of skilled healthcare professionals and centers; (3) make infrastructural and policy reforms to make the society more accessible for the disabled children. Education, counseling and awareness about CP might help both groups of parents, society, and HCPs to change their beliefs and attitudes regarding CP and its rehabilitation. Both countries would benefit from user-friendly and transparent policies. This will help parents to become more aware of them and use them in the rehabilitation process.
Effects of the inclusion of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae plus growth medium) in the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and forage degradation and fermentation patterns in the rumen of steers.

The effects of including yeast culture (YC; Saccharomyces cerevisae plus growth medium; 5 x 10(9) organisms/g) in diets for ruminants was examined in two experiments. In Exp. 1, 32 multiparous Friesian dairy cows were fed between wk 7 to 12 of lactation one of four completely mixed diets based on either hay or straw plus rolled barley (mixed to give concentrate:forage ratios of either 50:50 or 60:40, respectively) with or without 10 g YC/d in a 2(3) factorial design. Supplementation with YC increased DM intake of the cows by a mean of 1.2 kg/d (P less than or equal to .062) and increased milk yield by 1.4 liters/d (corrected to 4% butterfat; P less than or equal to .05). There was an interaction (P less than .05) between diet composition and YC addition; effects of YC were greatest in diets containing 60:40 (concentrate:forage) ratio. In Exp. 2, three steers were fed a diet of 50% hay and 50% rolled barley (DM basis). Hay was available for the major part of the day but barley was fed in two meals/d. Addition of YC to the diet increased (P less than .05) ruminal pH for 4 h after the barley meal. This elevation in pH probably was due to a reduction (P less than or equal to .01) in the concentration of L-lactate in the ruminal liquor of steers given YC (1.43 vs 3.55 mM; P less than or equal to .01). Peak ruminal L-lactate concentration (7.75 mM) in the controls coincided with time of minimum pH values (2 h after the meal of barley); this peak was absent in steers given YC. YC had no effect on the concentration of VFA in ruminal liquor, but the ratio of acetate to propionate was reduced (P less than or equal to .01) from 3.3:1 to 2.8:1 in steers given YC. The extent of DM degradation of hay incubated in the rumen of steers fed the hay and rolled barley diet was increased (P less than .05) in the presence of YC at 12 h of incubation, but degradation was similar in all treatment groups after 24 h of incubation. Presence of yeast culture in the rumen had effects on ruminal stoichiometry. An increased rate of forage degradation may have increased forage intake and productivity of these dairy cows.
How does a Mycobacterium change its spots? Applying molecular tools to track diverse strains of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Defining genetic diversity in the wake of the release of several Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) genome sequences has become a major emphasis in the molecular biology and epidemiology of Johne's disease research. These data can now be used to define the extent of strain diversity on the farm. However, to perform these important tasks, researchers must have a way to distinguish the many MAP isolates/strains that are present in the environment or host to enable tracking over time. Recent studies have described genetic diversity of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), of which MAP is a member, through pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis, single sequence repeats, variable‐number tandem repeats, genome rearrangements, single nucleotide polymorphisms and genomewide comparisons to identify insertions and deletions. Combinations of these methods can now provide discrimination sufficient for dependable strain tracking. These molecular epidemiology techniques are being applied to understand transmission of Johne's disease within dairy cattle herds as well as identify which strains predominate in wildlife.
Contactless measurement of lightning current using self-integrating B-dot probe

Lightning is a form of pulse power in nature. It is a serious threat to the safe operation of power grid. However, in high voltage power systems, it is almost impossible to directly measure the lightning currents accurately and safely. This paper presents a contactless lightning current sensor for transmission tower based on B-dot probe. This sensor consists of a multi-turn loop, a self-integrating resistance and a shielding. In the laboratory, the typical lightning current (8/20 μs) was simulated by a high impulse current generator. The experiment results show that: the sensor can accurately reproduce the waveform and amplitude of the current generated by the high impulse current generator, based on a specific measuring distance under reasonable design. And this sensor has the advantages of safety, strong anti-interference ability, and good linearity and accuracy.
Quantitative NMRI and NMRS identify augmented disease progression after loss of ambulation in forearms of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Quantitative NMRI and 31P NMRS indices are reported in the forearms of 24 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) (6–18 years, 14 non‐ambulant) amenable to exon 53 skipping therapy and in 12 age‐matched male controls (CONT). Examinations carried out at 3 T comprised multi‐slice 17‐echo measurements of muscle water T2 and heterogeneity, three‐point Dixon imaging of fat fraction in flexor and extensor muscles (FLEX, EXT), and non‐localised spectroscopy of phosphate metabolites. We studied four imaging indices, eight metabolic ratios combining ATP, phosphocreatine, phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters, the cytosolic inorganic phosphate (Pia) and an alkaline (Pib) pool present in dystrophic muscle, and average pH. All indices differed between DMD and CONT, except for muscle water T2. Measurements were outside the 95th percentile of age‐matched CONT values in over 65% of cases for percentage fat signal (%F), and in 78–100% of cases for all spectroscopic indices. T2 was elevated in one‐third of FLEX measurements, whereas %pixels > 39 ms and T2 heterogeneity were abnormal in one‐half of the examinations. The FLEX muscles had higher fat infiltration and T2 than EXT muscle groups. All indices, except pH, correlated with patient age, although the correlation was negative for T2. However, in non‐ambulant patients, the correlation with years since loss of ambulation was stronger than the correlation with age, and the slope of evolution per year was steeper after loss of ambulation. All indices except Pi/gATP differed between ambulant and non‐ambulant patients; however, T2 and %pixels > 39 ms were highest in ambulant patients, possibly owing to the greater extent of inflammatory processes earlier in the disease. All other indices were worse in non‐ambulant subjects. Quantitative measurements obtained from patients at different disease stages covered a broad range of abnormalities that evolved with the disease, and metabolic indices were up to 10‐fold above normal from the onset, thus establishing a variety of potential markers for future therapy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of impact on IPO pricing of auditors' reputation—Based on the empirical research of Chinese GEM companies

According to the Signaling Theory, excellent auditors have excellent auditing quality. The quality of accounting information from a listed company that hired an excellent auditor for its IPO auditing is more secure, hence favored by investors. This paper uses data from Growth Enterprises Market (GEM) listed companies as a sample, and establish an OLS multiple linear regression model to analyze the impact of auditor reputation and the IPO pricing of GEM listed companies. The results show that hiring a reputable auditors can improve the company's IPO issue price but cannot significantly affect underpricing of IPO. Overall, the auditor's reputation will have an important but relatively limited effect on the stock pricing. Thus, auditor's reputation needs further improvement. This paper empirically examines the relationship between auditor's reputation and IPO issue price as well as underpricing in China's GEM listed companies. It also enriches the scope of IPO study, which has a practical significance in reducing the current high-rate of IPO underpricing.
Strategies to support foreign language learning in large classes: a systematic literature review

The type of this research is called systematic literature review which is a qualitative approach to literatures from several publishers. The study focuses on solutions in teaching foreign language in large classes in terms the number of students in the single classroom for a single teacher needs to deal with as their daily responsibility as a foreign language teacher in aligning with determining what kind of strategies foreign language teachers could use as general strategies for large sized classes. First, I identified the database. Second, I selected relevant publications available based on the keywords of this topic. In the third phase, I picked some proper articles by reading the titles and abstracts. Fourth, I read each article to appraise and determine the focus of the study. In the final stage, I analyzed and combined the data based on the relevancy. The following databases used after consulting with librarians and topic professors: ERIC ProQuest, Proquest, Scopus, and Taylor and Francis Publishers. Nowadays, there is technology ready to deploy to help the teacher in their classrooms. Voice and audio players, internet, mobile devices, downloadable and customizable programs can be used to ease the teachers’ burden and also to assess students’ performance at the same time. This program and gadget can also help the student get more engagement with the learning materials and their foreign language teachers. However, foreign language teachers need to have skills to arouse students’ awareness to learn the foreign language. However, without students’ willingness to cooperate, there will be no classroom to conduct. Classroom democracy always works; where the students decide their goals and check their progress.
Half of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Produces and Channels Carbamoyl Phosphate to the Fused Aspartate Transcarbamoylase Domain*

The first two steps of the de novopyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeare catalyzed by a 240-kDa bifunctional protein encoded by theura2 locus. Although the constituent enzymes, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPSase) and aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) function independently, there are interdomain interactions uniquely associated with the multifunctional protein. Both CPSase and ATCase are feedback inhibited by UTP. Moreover, the intermediate carbamoyl phosphate is channeled from the CPSase domain where it is synthesized to the ATCase domain where it is used in the synthesis of carbamoyl aspartate. To better understand these processes, a recombinant plasmid was constructed that encoded a protein lacking the amidotransferase domain and the amino half of the CPSase domain, a 100-kDa chain segment. The truncated complex consisted of the carboxyl half of the CPSase domain fused to the ATCase domain via the pDHO domain, an inactive dihydroorotase homologue that bridges the two functional domains in the native molecule. Not only was the “half CPSase” catalytically active, but it was regulated by UTP to the same extent as the parent molecule. In contrast, the ATCase domain was no longer sensitive to the nucleotide, suggesting that the two catalytic activities are controlled by distinct mechanisms. Most remarkably, isotope dilution and transient time measurements showed that the truncated complex channels carbamoyl phosphate. The overall CPSase-ATCase reaction is much less sensitive than the parent molecule to the ATCase bisubstrate analogue,N-phosphonacetyl-l-aspartate (PALA), providing evidence that the endogenously produced carbamoyl phosphate is sequestered and channeled to the ATCase active site.
Services inflation dynamics and persistence puzzle in Brazil: a time-varying parameter approach

ABSTRACT This article analyses services inflation dynamics in Brazil, focusing on the Services Inflation Persistence Puzzle, for monthly data from January 2004 to February 2016. We apply a time-varying parameter (TVP) approach, via a Kalman filter, to estimate hybrid Phillips curves and compare inflation inertia for tradable goods and services inflation. Aggregate Brazilian Extended Consumer Price Index inflation serves as a benchmark. To justify the TVP analysis, parameter instability and structural change tests are implemented, based on OLS and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) frameworks. The main results are as follows: (i) the TVP approach is relevant due to observed instability in some parameters estimated; (ii) inflation expectation coefficients are higher than lagged inflation in all calculations, but inflation inertia is not negligible at all; (iii) services inflation persistence ranges from 27 to 36%, whereas tradable goods inflation persistence ranges from 36 to 47%, providing evidence of the Services Inflation Persistence Puzzle in Brazil; (iv) from 2009 onwards an increase in one percentage point in real wages raises monthly services inflation rate by 0.02 to 0.03 percentage point; (v) there is evidence that cost-push pressures, due to wage increases in the service sector, are more important to explain services inflation than demand pressures from early 2009 to mid-2014.
Analgesic effects of melatonin: a review of current evidence from experimental and clinical studies

Abstract: Melatonin is an endogenous indoleamine, produced mainly by the pineal gland. Melatonin has been proven to have chronobiotic, antioxidant, antihypertensive, anxiolytic and sedative properties. There are also experimental and clinical data supporting an analgesic role of melatonin. In experimental studies, melatonin shows potent analgesic effects in a dose‐dependent manner. In clinical studies, melatonin has been shown to have analgesic benefits in patients with chronic pain (fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, migraine). The physiologic mechanism underlying the analgesic actions of melatonin has not been clarified. The effects may be linked to Gi‐coupled melatonin receptors, to Gi‐coupled opioid μ‐receptors or GABA‐B receptors with unknown downstream changes with a consequential reduction in anxiety and pain. Also, the repeated administration of melatonin improves sleep and thereby may reduce anxiety, which leads to lower levels of pain. In this paper, we review the current evidence regarding the analgesic properties of melatonin in animals and humans with chronic pain.
Two-stage optimization process for formulation of chitosan microspheres

The objective of the present study was to optimize the concentration of a chitosan solution, stirring speed, and concentration of drug having different aqueous solubility for the formulation of chitosan microspheres. Chitosan microspheres (unloaded and drug loaded) were prepared by the chemical denaturation method and were subjected to measurement of morphology, mean particle size, particle size distribution, percentage drug entrapment (PDE), drug loading, and drug release (in vitro). Morphology of the microspheres was dependent on the level of independent process parameters. While mean particle size of unloaded microspheres was found to undergo significant change with each increase in concentration of chitosan solution, the stirring rate was found to have a significant effect only at the lower level (ie, 2000 to 3000 rpm). Of importance, spherical unloaded micropheres were also obtained with a chitosan solution of concentration less than 1 mg/mL. Segregated unloaded microspheres with particle size in the range of 7 to 15 μm and mean particle size of 12.68 μm were obtained in the batch prepared by using a chitosan solution of 2 mg/mL concentration and stirring speed of 3000 rpm. The highest drug load (μg drug/mg microspheres) was 50.63 and 13.84 for microspheres containing 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate, respectively. While the release of 5-fluorouracil followed Higuchi's square-root model, methotrexate released more showly with a combination of first-order kinetics and Higuchi's square-root model. The formation of chitosan microspheres is helped by the use of differential stirring. While an increase in the concentration of water-soluble drug may help to increase PDE and drug load over a large concentration range, the effect is limited in case of water insoluble drugs.
Accutin, a new disintegrin, inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo by acting as integrin alphavbeta3 antagonist and inducing apoptosis.

Endothelial integrins play an essential role in angiogenesis and cell survival. Accutin, a new member of disintegrin family derived from venom of Agkistrodon acutus, potently inhibited human platelet aggregation caused by various agonists (eg, thrombin, collagen, and, adenosine diphosphate [ADP]) through the blockade of fibrinogen binding to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (ie, integrin alphaIIbbeta3). In this report, we describe that accutin specifically inhibited the binding of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 7E3, which recognizes integrin alphavbeta3, to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), but not those of other anti-integrin MoAbs such as alpha2beta1, alpha3beta1, and alpha5beta1. Moreover, accutin, but not the control peptide GRGES, dose-dependently inhibited the 7E3 interaction with HUVECs. Both 7E3 and GRGDS, but not GRGES or Integrelin, significantly blocked fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated accutin binding to HUVEC. In functional studies, accutin exhibited inhibitory effects on HUVEC adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen, fibronectin and vitronectin, and the capillary-like tube formation on Matrigel in a dose- and RGD-dependent manner. In addition, it exhibited an effective antiangiogenic effect in vivo when assayed by using the 10-day-old embryo chick CAM model. Furthermore, it potently induced HUVEC apoptotic DNA fragmentation as examined by electrophoretic and flow cytometric assays. In conclusion, accutin inhibits angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro by blocking integrin alphavbeta3 of endothelial cells and by inducing apoptosis. The antiangiogenic activity of disintegrins might be explored as the target of developing the potential antimetastatic agents.
Cyberbullying in Middle School: Perceptions of Students in Special Education and General Education

iv DEDICATION v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 4 Traditional Bullying in Schools 4 Consequences 5 Cyberbullying 6 Types of Cyberbullying 6 Roles in Cyberbullying 7 Prevalence 8 What Constitutes Cyberbullying? 9 Cyberbullying in Schools 9 Protective Factors 10 Impact and Consequences 11 Relationship to Traditional Bullying 12 Student Experience 13 Student Use of Technology 13 Social Use 13
Chinese creative industries, soft power and censorship: The case of animation

The interrelatedness of Chinese economic and cultural reforms since the beginning of the new millennium, most particularly and importantly with regard to the acceptance and deployment of the concept of creative industries as an extension of China's 'soft power', needs to be considered in light of two factors: firstly, and at a conceptual level, it derived from the development of the highly influential notion of the 'creative industries' in the UK; and secondly, it was linked to what we could term the 'cultural politics' of China's relations with neighboring cultural powers such as Japan and South Korea (and to a certain extent and more broadly, with the United States). In 2005, the creative industries concept was embraced by Beijing, but with a caveat: it opted to use the hybrid term 'cultural creative industries' in the official document, due to the sensitivity of the term 'creative' (Keane 2007). One part of the field of cultural production that was strongly impacted by these developments was the animation sector. This article will provide an account of the various political, economic and cultural contexts that drove and informed these changes and how they have played out within the contemporary Chinese animation industry.