Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter 1 SALIENT FEATURES FOR ANGER RECOGNITION IN GERMAN AND ENGLISH IVR PORTALS

Anger recognition in speech dialogue systems can help to enhance human computer interaction. In this paper we report on the setup and performance optimization techniques for successful anger classification using acoustic cues. We evaluate the performance of a broad variety of features on both a German and an American English voice portal database which contain “real” speech, i.e. non-acted, continuous speech of narrow-band quality. Starting with a large-scale feature extraction, we determine optimal sets of feature combinations for each language, by applying an Information-Gain based ranking scheme. Analyzing the ranking we notice that a large proportion of the most promising features for both databases are derived from MFCC and loudness. In contrast to this similarity also pitch features proved importance for the English database. We further calculate classification scores for our setups using discriminative training and Support-Vector Machine classification. The developed systems show that anger recognition in both English and 2 Salient Features for Anger Recognition in German and English IVR Portals German language can be processed very similarly reaching comparable
2 Pitch and Rhythm versus Speech : Building Blocks of Musical Processing

Here’s a commonplace experience: you are walking in a shopping mall when you hear a tune being played in the background. It takes you a moment but then you realize that it is a song that you last heard 20 years ago, which has now been redone—perhaps unfortunately—as an advertising jingle. Although the aesthetic experience associated with this little vignette may not be high, the ease with which our nervous system can carry out this kind of analysis belies the complexity involved. Consider: the music you hear is embedded in a background of irrelevant noise, so you need fi rst to strip it away; you recognize the pattern of sound as the tune you are familiar with, even though none of the actual elements reaching your ear are the same as what you had originally encoded—the tempo, musical key, and instrument timbres may all be different; if the song has lyrics you must also separate the tonal component from the speech component to process each of them; the experience may also lead to retrieval of memories associated with the song; you could also begin to sing along with it, which means you must convert the information contained in the sound waves you hear to a set of motor commands that will produce similar sound waves from your vocal musculature; fi nally the song may lead you to experience emotion, which could range from annoyance to pleasure. The mechanisms that allow this complex cognitive chain of events to occur are far from being fully understood. This chapter aims to give readers an overview of what is known about
Activation of TLR3/interferon signaling pathway by bluetongue virus results in HIV inhibition in macrophages

Bluetongue virus (BTV), a nonenveloped double‐stranded RNA virus, is a potent inducer of type I interferons in multiple cell systems. In this study, we report that BTV16 treatment of primary human macrophages induced both type I and III IFN expression, resulting in the production of multiple antiviral factors, including myxovirus resistance protein A, 2‘,5‘‐oligoadenylate synthetase, and the IFN‐stimulated gene 56. Additionally, BTV‐treated macrophages expressed increased HIV restriction factors (apolipoprotein B mRNA‐editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 3 G/F/H) and CC chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein 1‐α, macrophage inflammatory protein 1‐β, regulated on activation of normal T cell expressed and secreted), the ligands for HIV entry coreceptor CC chemokine receptor type 5. BTV16 also induced the expression of tetherin, which restricts HIV release from infected cells. Furthermore, TLR3 signaling of macrophages by BTV16 resulted in the induction of several anti‐HIV microRNAs (miRNA‐28, ‐29a, ‐125b, ‐150, ‐223, and ‐382). More importantly, the induction of antiviral responses by BTV resulted in significant suppression of HIV in macrophages. These findings demonstrate the potential of BTV‐mediated TLR3 activation in macrophage innate immunity against HIV. —Dai, M. , Wang, X. , Li, J.‐L. , Zhou, Y. , Sang, M. , Liu, J.‐B. , Wu, J.‐G. , Ho, W. ‐Z. Activation of TLR3/interferon signaling pathway by bluetongue virus results in HIV inhibition in macrophages. FASEB J. 29, 4978–4988 (2015). www.fasebj. org
Social Control in Older Adults’ Diabetes Self Management and Well-Being

The “dual effects” hypothesis argues that social control can be effective in promoting positive health-related behavior change, but it can also jeopardize the targeted individual's well-being. This hypothesis is tested using hemoglobin A1C as an objective indicator of behavioral compliance with diabetes self-management behavior and depressive symptoms. Differences in the effects of social control on A1C and depressive symptoms by sex and ethnicity are tested. Cross-sectional data were obtained from a multi-ethnic sample of older adults with diabetes (N = 593). Greater social control was associated with poorer rather than better odds of achieving glucose control, and with greater depressive symptoms. There was no evidence that social control has differential effects on either glucose control or depressive symptoms by sex or ethnicity. Active use of social control attempts by family members and friends, especially if they are coercive or punitive in nature, are likely counterproductive for maintaining the physical and mental health of older adults with diabetes.
Gait analysis in children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Improving ambulation in patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) is a major challenge for the clinician. Physical examination can be supplemented with biomechanic information from the gait laboratory to comprehensively evaluate and improve walking. Gait analysis is an effective method to evaluate 3-dimensional dynamic joint range of motion (kinematics) and forces (kinetics) occurring at the hip, knee, and ankle/foot. Clinical gait analysis has proved to be essential for surgical and rehabilitative planning and posttreatment assessment in many neuromuscular disorders. Benefits of gait analysis also may apply to walking patients with SCIs. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the utility of gait analysis in children and adolescents with SCIs. METHODS Motion analysis evaluations and physical examinations were performed on 33 children and adolescents with SCIs (16 males, 17 females). Mean age at time of gait analysis was 11.7 years, with an age range of 2.5 to 21 years. RESULTS Abnormal kinematic patterns, which were repeatable over several years, were demonstrated in the patients with SCI. Gait analysis was beneficial in making educated treatment decisions about orthotic prescription, surgery, postsurgical evaluation, prescription of new therapy, evaluation of spasticity medications, and experimental treatments. Another advantage of gait analysis is recording and reviewing changes in gait over time. In our study, 22 of the 33 patients received a 1-year follow-up gait analysis. Patients followed over multiyear intervals have demonstrated characteristic changes in mobility patterns, resulting in changes in prescription of mobility aids. The benefits of gait analysis are demonstrated by case presentation. CONCLUSION Improved ambulation for patients with SCI can be accomplished with physical therapy, orthotics, spasticity management, and surgery. These treatments, as well as innovative new areas such as functional electrical stimulation and robotic-assisted therapy, rely on gait analysis to provide a template of normal walking patterns and to measure function and document improvements.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), Regulated by the MAPK Pathway, Are Both Necessary for Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Tubulogenesis*

A classic model of tubulogenesis utilizes Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. MDCK cells form monoclonal cysts in three-dimensional collagen and tubulate in response to hepatocyte growth factor, which activates multiple signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. It was shown previously that MAPK activation is necessary and sufficient to induce the first stage of tubulogenesis, the partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition (p-EMT), whereas matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are necessary for the second redifferentiation stage. To identify specific MMP genes, their regulators, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and the molecular pathways by which they are activated, we used two distinct MAPK inhibitors and a technique we have termed subtraction pathway microarray analysis. Of the 19 MMPs and 3 TIMPs present on the Canine Genome 2.0 Array, MMP13 and TIMP1 were up-regulated 198- and 169-fold, respectively, via the MAPK pathway. This was confirmed by two-dimensional and three-dimensional real time PCR, as well as in MDCK cells inducible for the MAPK gene Raf. Knockdown of MMP13 using short hairpin RNA prevented progression past the initial phase of p-EMT. Knockdown of TIMP1 prevented normal cystogenesis, although the initial phase of p-EMT did occasionally occur. The MMP13 knockdown phenotype is likely because of decreased collagenase activity, whereas the TIMP1 knockdown phenotype appears due to increased apoptosis. These data suggest a model, which may also be important for development of other branched organs, whereby the MAPK pathway controls both MDCK p-EMT and redifferentiation, in part by activating MMP13 and TIMP1.
Comparative analysis for evaluating the traceability of interventional devices using blood vessel phantom models made of PVA-H or silicone.

OBJECTIVE In this paper, we investigated the parameters with effective traceability to assess the mechanical properties of interventional devices. METHODS In our evaluation system, a box-shaped poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA-H) and silicone were prepared with realistic geometry, and the measurement and evaluation of traceability were carried out on devices using load hand force. The phantom models had a total of five curve pathways to reach the aneurysm sac. RESULTS Traceability depends on the performance of the interventional devices in order to pass through the curved part of the model simulation track. The traceability of the guide wire was found to be much better than that of the balloon and stent loading catheter, as it reached the aneurysm sac in both phantom models. CONCLUSIONS Observation using the video record is another advantage of our system, because the high transparency of the materials with silicone and PVA-H can allow visualization of the inside of an artery.
Chronic Functional Constipation and Anxiety in Mothers and Children: Is there a Link?

Objective: To determine if mothers of children with chronic functional constipation show higher levels of anxiety than mothers of children not constipated. Methods: Participants were recruited from patients at the Outpatient Pediatric Gastroenterology and Child Care Clinic of the Hospital das Clinicas at UFPE. Cases were considered children 8-12 years of age who complied with the Rome III criteria for chronic functional constipation. The control group had the same age but did not meet this requirement. We excluded patients with chronic diseases or other functional gastrointestinal disorders. Mothers applied the “Parent-report form for children”, the constipation module of Rome III questionnaire for adults and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. With children, we used the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. Results: The case group consisted of 57 children and adolescents and the comparative group of 82 children and their respective mothers. Children in the case group had more separation anxiety disorder than those in the comparison group (p=0.006). It was also observed that most constipated children’s mothers often exhibit the same condition (p=0.04). However, constipated children’s mothers did not show higher anxiety levels in comparison with the comparative group’s mothers (p = 0,46) Conclusions: Mothers of constipated children were not more anxious than those of children without functional constipation. Separation anxiety disorder was more frequent among the constipated children though. This shows the relevance of an approach that goes beyond food and drug orientation and evidences psychosocial aspects.
THE CHOLINERGIC COMPONENT IN THE SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION TO THE SPLEEN.

The cholinergic component in the sympathetic innervation to the spleen was studied in dogs. This was accomplished by the use of hemicholinium (HC-3) to inhibit transmission in the chohinergic nerves and the use of reserpine and guanethidine to inhibit adrenergic function. The spleen responded normally to electrical stimulation of the splenic nerve at a time when cholinergic transmission was inhibited. These data support the concept of separate chohimiergic and adrenergic fibers in the splenic nerve rather than a cholinergic junction in the adrenergic fibers. The relationships between the cholinergic and adrenergic components associated with the splenic nerve were studied further by the use of acetylcholine and nicotine. Both of these components of this nerve were found to be involved in both the responses to nicotine and in a possible mechanism for the control of the tone of the splenic capsule. These data are dliscussed in relation to the hypothesis of local chohinergic-adrenergic interaction.
Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor

Following activation of coagulation by exposure of plasma Factor VII to tissue factor, coagulation proceeds through an ordered series of proteolytic steps. The rate and extent of coagulation are controlled by a number of mechanisms, including the exposure of tissue factor to plasma coagulation factors, the formation of a proper surface onto which the proteolytic reactions take place, and protein inhibitors of coagulation, including antithrombin III and activated protein C. The tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI; previously known as the extrinsic pathway inhibitor or the lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor) is a recently characterized inhibitor of coagulation that should now be considered alongside antithrombin III and protein C as a physiologically significant natural anticoagulant. In this review, I shall give a brief and superficial description of the tissue factor pathway inhibitor, emphasizing what is known about its normal physiology and potential as a therapeutic agent. Readers wanting more detail can study one or more of the recent reviews of the tissue factor pathway inhibitor.
Emergence of Daptomycin-Resistant VRE: Experience of a Single Institution

Recent surveillance from US hospitals shows that more than 99.5% of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolates remain susceptible to daptomycin. This report describes emergence of daptomycin-resistant VRE at a major cancer center. The percentage of patients with daptomycin-resistant VRE bacteremia increased from 3.4% in 2007 to 15.2% in 2009 (P = .03). Without susceptibility data, empiric daptomycin therapy for VRE infections should be used with caution.
GLOBALISASI LESBIAN, GAY, BISEKSUAL, DAN TRANSGENDER (LGBT): PERSPEKTIF HAM DAN AGAMA DALAM LINGKUP HUKUM DI INDONESIA

Indonesia adalah negara yang memegang teguh ajaran agama, sehingga perilaku seksual menyimpang tentu tidak dapat diterima begitu saja. Di sisi lain Indonesia merupakan negara yang mengakui HAM, di mana kaum LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual, dan Transgender) merasa mengalami diskriminasi dan pelanggaran HAM karena orientasi seksual mereka yang menyimpang. Sementara itu, orientasi seksual sebenarnya tidak ditentukan dalam UDHR 1948 yang menjadi pandangan universal PBB terhadap HAM. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian doktrinal dengan menggunakan pendekatan hukum yuridis-normatif yang bersifat kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis, untuk menemukan data sekunder berupa norma hukum HAM dan norma agama yang berlaku terkait dengan isu LGBT, kemudian menganalisa data tersebut secara deduktif dari kedua perspektif yakni HAM dan agama. Kajian mengenai isu LGBT perspektif HAM dan agama dalam lingkup hukum di wilayah Indonesia dilakukan agar didapatkan pertautan sebagai peluang untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang muncul dari isu LGBT. HAM adalah hak dasar yang diakui di Indonesia, akan tetapi ada pembatasan yang ditetapkan UU, moral, etika, dan nilai agama yang menegaskan bahwa setiap manusia di samping memiliki hak asasi manusia untuk dilindungi, mereka juga memiliki kewajiban untuk menghormati hak asasi orang lain dan juga ketertiban masyarakat sekitar .
An Improved Algorithm for Estimation of Residue Evolutionary Conservation

Evolutionary conservation estimated from a multiple sequence alignment is a powerful indicator of the functional significance of a residue, and helps to predict active sites, ligand binding sites, and protein interaction interfaces. Many algorithms that calculate conservation work well provided better and balanced alignment are used. Such a strong dependence on the alignment makes the results highly variable. Mihalek et al [1] introduced a class of hybrid methods to estimate the residue evolutionary conservation. Here, we propose an improved algorithm handling the gap in the multi-sequences alignment to compute the residue conservation scores. Comparing with Mihalek's and Ben -Tal's ConSurf methods, the results of simulation show that our methods are effective and increase the sensitivity and specificity of prediction, as well as make the conservation prediction algorithm more robust.
Admissible functions in two-scale convergence.

The two-scale convergence method was developed by G. Nguetseng, W. E and G. Allaire in connection with homogenization problems. We introduce a rather large class of “admissible” functions containing Carathéodory integrands of both kinds (continuous on Ω or on Y ) and prove a useful continuity result (Proposition 5). Through all the paper we use the notion, introduced by W. E, of “two-scale” Young measures. This also provides natural proofs of some quantitative results of Huyghens type.
A Population-Based Study on Road Traffic Injuries in Pune City, India

Objective: The annual mortality of road traffic injuries (RTIs) is estimated to be over 80,000 in India; however, there is not enough information about the magnitude, pattern, and factors associated with RTIs in a population-based scenario, where the police and hospital records suffer from severe underreporting. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the burden, pattern, and risk factors of RTIs in the population of Pune City. Method: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 9014 individuals in a randomly selected and representative sample of the population from 14 administrative wards of the city from March 2008 to April 2009. Results: The annual incidence rate of RTIs was 93.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 83.2–103.2) per 1000 individuals and after adjustment for age it was 76.4 per 1000 individuals. Injury occurrence was significantly more among the age group 15–30, males, and students and workers. Univariate analysis showed a significant association between RTIs and age, gender, occupation, mode of transport, driving a vehicle, and alcohol abuse. Multivariate analysis showed that only age, driving a vehicle, and alcohol abuse were the factors associated with RTIs. Conclusion: The magnitude of RTIs in India is very high, which is not reflected in police registration reports.
Measures for Making DNS More Resilient against Forged Answers

The current Internet climate poses serious threats to the Domain Name System. In the interim period before the DNS protocol can be secured more fully, measures can already be taken to harden the DNS to make 'spoofing' a recursing nameserver many orders of magnitude harder. Even a cryptographically secured DNS benefits from having the ability to discard bogus responses quickly, as this potentially saves large amounts of computation. By describing certain behaviour that has previously not been standardised, this document sets out how to make the DNS more resilient against accepting incorrect responses. This document updates RFC 2181.
Explicit solutions of the radiative transport equation in the P3 approximation.

PURPOSE Explicit solutions of the monoenergetic radiative transport equation in the P3 approximation have been derived which can be evaluated with nearly the same computational effort as needed for solving the standard diffusion equation (DE). In detail, the authors considered the important case of a semi-infinite medium which is illuminated by a collimated beam of light. METHODS A combination of the classic spherical harmonics method and the recently developed method of rotated reference frames is used for solving the P3 equations in closed form. RESULTS The derived solutions are illustrated and compared to exact solutions of the radiative transport equation obtained via the Monte Carlo (MC) method as well as with other approximated analytical solutions. It is shown that for the considered cases which are relevant for biomedical optics applications, the P3 approximation is close to the exact solution of the radiative transport equation. CONCLUSIONS The authors derived exact analytical solutions of the P3 equations under consideration of boundary conditions for defining a semi-infinite medium. The good agreement to Monte Carlo simulations in the investigated domains, for example, in the steady-state and time domains, as well as the short evaluation time needed suggests that the derived equations can replace the often applied solutions of the diffusion equation for the homogeneous semi-infinite medium.
Study on Nutritive Value of Tropical Forages in North Sumatra, Indonesia

This study was conducted to evaluate nutritive value of forages commonly used as ruminant feeds in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Seven species of grasses and five species of legumes were collected during the rainy season. The results showed that chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD) and crude protein (CPD), in vitro gas production and metabolizable energy (ME) content greatly varied among the species of grass and legume forages. The CP content ranged from 6.6 to 16.2% in grass and from 17.5 to 29.1% in legumes; while NDF content of grass and legume ranged from 57.2 to 66.2% and from 24.4 to 55.6%, respectively. The DMD, OMD and CPD of grass ranged from 49.1 to 62.2%, 51.9 to 64.4% and 50.5 to 60.3%; while in legumes the values ranged from 59.1 to 71.8%, 65.2 to 72.0% and 68.2 to 71.6%, respectively. The ME content of grass varied from 6.4 to 9.3 MJ/kg and from 6.5 to 8.3 MJ/kg for legumes. In general, within species of grass Cynodon plectostachyus contained higher CP but was lower in NDF that resulted in much higher digestibility; a similar result was also found in Leucaena leucocephala for the legumes. The two forages also contained much higher ME than the others. In conclusion, the nutritive value of forages in North Sumatra, Indonesia during the rainy season was relatively high as ruminant feed, with the best quality noted for Cynodon plectostachyus and Leucaena leucocephala. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 11 : 1518-1523)
Design and budget analysis of RF receiver of 5.8GHz ETC reader

A high performance RF receiver of 5.8 GHz ETC reader is proposed in this paper according to the national specifications of China on ETC&DSRC, GB/T20851-2007. Some ICs are used as components of the receiver, which make it easy for integration and fabrication of the ETC reader. The receiver system is simulated and a series of parameters of the receiver, involved Gain, Noise Factor, Linearity and Dynamic Range, are estimated by link budget analysis by means of the Agilent ADS software.