Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foreign Location Choice: Review and Extensions

International Business (IB) research on foreign‐location choice has experienced a revival in recent years, yet a comprehensive review has been sorely lacking. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the findings of recently published articles on the topic of foreign‐location choice and offer fruitful directions for future research. This review consists of three sections: first, the authors provide a historical overview of this research stream by tracing its origins and analyzing the general trend that has shaped research on foreign‐location choice. Next, the authors conduct a review of 137 recent articles published in leading IB and business/management journals. These articles are categorized according to common topics, and the main findings of each category are synthesized in order to bring some cohesion to this fragmented field. Lastly, the authors identify issues that remain under‐researched or require re‐thinking some taken‐for‐granted assumptions. Through this effort, they are able to connect the past, present and future of research on foreign‐location choice and to shed some new light on the IB literature.
Tracking in a spaghetti bowl: monitoring transactions using footprints

The problem of tracking end-to-end service-level transactions in the absence of instrumentation support is considered. The transaction instances progress through a state-transition model and generate time-stamped footprints on entering each state in the model. The goal is to track individual transactions using these footprints even when the footprints may not contain any tokens uniquely identifying the transaction instances that generated them. Assuming a semi-Markov process model for state transitions, the transaction instances are tracked probabilistically by matching them to the available footprints according to the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion. Under the ML-rule, for a two-state system, it is shown that the probability that all the instances are matched correctly is minimized when the transition times are i.i. d. exponentially distributed. When the transition times are i.i. d. distributed, the ML-rule reduces to a minimum weight bipartite matching and reduces further to a first-in first-out match for a special class of distributions. For a multi-state model with an acyclic state transition digraph, a constructive proof shows that the ML-rule reduces to splicing the results of independent matching of many bipartite systems.
Dopamine Biosynthesis Is Selectively Abolished in Substantia Nigra/Ventral Tegmental Area but Not in Hypothalamic Neurons in Mice with Targeted Disruption of the Nurr1 Gene

To ascertain the function of an orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1, a transcription factor belonging to a large gene family that includes receptors for steroids, retinoids, and thyroid hormone, we generated Nurr1-null mice by homologous recombination. Mice, heterozygous for a single mutated Nurr1 allele, appear normal, whereas mice homozygous for the null allele die within 24 h after birth. Dopamine (DA) was absent in the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of Nurr1-null mice, consistent with absent tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, and other DA neuron markers. TH immunoreactivity and mRNA expression in hypothalamic, olfactory, and lower brain stem regions were unaffected. L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine treatments, whether given to the pregnant dams or to the newborns, failed to rescue the Nurr1-null mice. We were unable to discern differences between null and wild-type mice in the cellularity, presence of neurons, or axonal projections to the SN and VTA. These findings provide evidence for a new mechanism of DA depletion in vivo and suggest a unique role for Nurr1 in fetal development and/or postnatal survival.
İlişkisel Mizah Envanterinin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Bu arastirmanin amaci Iliskisel Mizah Envanterini (IME) Turkce’ye uyarlamaktir. Veriler 206 evli bireyden toplanmistir. IME’nin yapi gecerligini test etmek icin dogrulayici faktor analizi, uyum gecerligini test etmek icin Cift Uyum Olcegi (Fisiloglu ve Demir, 2000) ve Mizah Tarzlari Olcegi (Yerlikaya, 2003) kullanilmistir. Yapilan dogrulayici faktor analizi sonuclari IME’nin guclu uyum katsayilarina sahip oldugunu ortaya koymustur. IME’nin guvenirligi icin Cronbach alfa ic-tutarlik katsayilari hesaplanmis, tum faktorlerin kabul edilebilir degerlerin ustunde ic-tutarlik katsayilarina sahip oldugu gorulmustur. Ayrica, IME’nin yordama gecerligi test etmek icin hiyerarsik regresyon analizi yapilmis, sonuclar IME’nin evlilik uyumunu Mizah Tarzlari Olcegine gore daha fazla yordadigini gostermistir. Bulgular ilgili literatur isiginda tartisilmis, ileride yapilacak arastirmalar icin bazi onerilerde bulunulmustur.
The Best of Two Worlds: Cooperation of Statistical and Rule-Based Taggers for Czech

Several hybrid disambiguation methods are described which combine the strength of hand-written disambiguation rules and statistical taggers. Three different statistical (HMM, Maximum-Entropy and Averaged Perceptron) taggers are used in a tagging experiment using Prague Dependency Tree-bank. The results of the hybrid systems are better than any other method tried for Czech tagging so far.
Juvenile Delinquency, Education, and Mental Disability

The study examined the association of education and mental disability with delinquency among males in the Northern Finland birth cohort of 1966. Six percent subsequently acquired a criminal record between 15 and 22 years. Those with an IQ between 71 and 84 or attending special schools had a higher incidence of delinquency (15%). Eleven percent of the youngsters with a tested IQ between 50 and 70 had a criminal record, but none with an IQ of less than 50. A higher than average delinquency rate was found among those with lower socioeconomic status, especially when combined with low intelligence. Poor school performance in general was seen as one predictor of later social problems and delinquency. The social problems of the families with youngsters with disabilities seemed to have a greater predisposing effect for delinquent behavior than did mental disability.
Eye Fixation Metrics for Large Scale Analysis of Information Visualizations

What can an observer’s eye movements reveal about how the observer interacts with and processes an information visualization? And conversely, how can these eye movements be used to make inferences about the effectiveness of the visualization and the design principles employed? With reference to previous research in eye tracking, psychology, and human-computer interaction, we discuss some eye fixation metrics that can be used as tools for answering these questions specifically, in application to information visualizations. We also present techniques to visualize some of the properties of fixation behavior that these metrics aim to capture.
Intentions, Intermediaries, and Interaction: Examining the Emergence of Routines

A thorough understanding of how routines emerge is necessary to derive the performance benefits they yield for organizations. In this paper, we suggest that a routine emerges from interactions between actors, interactions that are enabled by the exchange of intermediaries. Specifically, intermediaries transmit the intentions of one actor to another and thus potentially align the actions and responses of those actors. If, however, the intermediaries that are exchanged do not clearly transmit the intentions of one actor to another, then a weak routine emerges. Conversely, if intermediaries clearly transmit the intentions, a strong routine emerges in which a given action more often meets with the expected response across iterations. We substantiate our arguments with a field experiment on the towel‐changing routine in a hotel where we manipulated the procedure to exchange towels, which resulted in the emergence of a stronger routine. Our study offers several implications for theoretical and empirical research on routines, including to the burgeoning research on micro‐foundations.
The group B streptococcal serine-rich repeat 1 glycoprotein mediates penetration of the blood-brain barrier.

BACKGROUND Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in newborn infants. Because GBS is able to invade, survive, and cross the blood-brain barrier, we sought to identify surface-expressed virulence factors that contribute to blood-brain barrier penetration and the pathogenesis of meningitis. METHODS Targeted deletion and insertional mutants were generated in different GBS clinical isolates. Wild-type and mutant bacteria were analyzed for their capacity to adhere to and invade human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) and to penetrate the blood-brain barrier using our model of hematogenous meningitis. RESULTS Analysis of a GBS (serotype V) clinical isolate revealed the presence of a surface-anchored serine-rich protein, previously designated serine-rich repeat 1 (Srr-1). GBS Srr-1 is a glycosylated protein with high molecular weight. Deletion of srr1 in NCTC 10/84 resulted in a significant decrease in adherence to and invasion of hBMECs. Additional mutants in other GBS serotypes commonly associated with meningitis showed a similar decrease in hBMEC invasion, compared with parental strains. Finally, in mice, wild-type GBS penetrated the blood-brain barrier and established meningitis more frequently than did the Deltasrr1 mutant strain. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that GBS Srr glycoproteins play an important role in crossing the blood-brain barrier and in the development of streptococcal meningitis.
Change blindness and time to consciousness

Detection of changes in a visual scene can be substantially delayed when the original and the modified image are separated by a brief screen flicker. We used this phenomenon of ‘change blindness’ to find when the brain detects the mismatch in relation to when the observer reports it, and whether changes in identity and position are processed similarly. Event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) recorded while the subjects searched for the change in alternating series of images showed that the epoch during which they indicated detection was characterized by a marked positivity from 300 to 700 ms. Analysis of data from image presentations preceding the subjects' response revealed a similar but smaller ERP positivity one (identity) or even two (position) epochs before detection. As each epoch lasted 1500 ms, the brain may register a change as early as 3000 ms before the observer.
Early Expression of FcγRI (CD64) on Monocytes of Cardiac Surgical Patients and Higher Density of Monocyte Anti-Inflammatory Scavenger CD163 Receptor in “On-Pump” Patients

Objective. Activation of innate immunity cells is inseparably linked to cardiac surgical operation. The aim of this study was to assess the kinetics in the expression of receptor for Fc part of IgG, FcγRI (CD64), and scavenger receptor CD163 on peripheral blood cells of cardiac surgical patients and to examine the effect of cardiac bypass as a separable influence on the systemic acute inflammatory response. Methods. Forty patients, twenty in each group, were randomly assigned to CABG surgery performed either with “on-pump” or without “off-pump” cardiopulmonary bypass. Standardized quantitative flow cytometry method was used to determine the expression of surface markers. Results. The density of CD64 molecule on monocytes reached maximum on the 1st postoperative day (P<.001) whereas the peak for CD64 molecule expression on granulocytes was postponed to the 3rd postoperative day (P<.001). The expression of CD163 scavenger molecule on monocytes reached maximum on the 1st postoperative day (P<.001). The density of CD163 molecule on monocytes on the 1st postoperative day is significantly higher in “on-pump” patients in comparison with “off-pump” patients (P<.001). Conclusion. In cardiac surgical patients the expression of activation marker FcγR1 (CD64) on monocytes is increased earlier in comparison with granulocytes in both “on-pump” and “off-pump” patients. The expression of scavenger molecule CD163 on monocytes is significantly higher in “on-pump” patients.
A Structural Model–Based Optimal Person-Fit Procedure for Identifying Faking

This article proposes a two-stage procedure aimed at identifying faking in personality tests. The procedure, which can be considered as an extension and refinement of previous item response theory (IRT)-based proposals, combines the information provided by a structural equation model (SEM) in the first stage with that provided by an IRT-based optimal person-fit procedure in the second. In this article, the procedure is presented in its most basic form, which means that it is intended for a two-group or a two-wave SEM and for binary-response IRT models. Then, its functioning is assessed by means of an empirical study based on an instructed-faking design. The results suggest that the effectiveness of the procedure is higher than that of previous related proposals. The usefulness of the proposal in real settings, its limitations, and further extensions are discussed.
Professionalism as symbolic capital: Materials for a Bourdieusian theory of professionalism

Pierre Bourdieu has given a brief but fierce critique of the concept of “profession” that calls for a more reflexive analysis of the professions and in fact suggests not using the concept at all. In this contribution, we explicate the gist of that critique and argue it is possible to analyze it in a Bourdieusian fashion. We regard professionalism as a form of symbolic capital, the substance of which is constantly at stake in power-driven contexts, both internally and externally. Professional fields are embedded in objective relations with other fields in what Bourdieu describes as a general field of power. Within each professional field, the legitimate substance of what it means to act in a “professional way” is constantly at stake. In turn, across various professional fields, within what Bourdieu describes as a larger field of power, the very idea or “formal content” of “professionalism” is subject to struggle and (re)negotiation. This power-centered view emphasizes professionalism is a scarce symbolic resource, an object of a process of consecration and a source of legitimate forms of acting and interpreting. It thereby de-essentializes talk of professions and professionalization.
Unsupervised Improvement of Named Entity Extraction in Short Informal Context Using Disambiguation Clues

Short context messages (like tweets and SMS’s) are a potentially rich source of continuously and instantly updated information. Shortness and informality of such messages are challenges for Natural Language Processing tasks. Most efforts done in this direction rely on machine learning techniques which are expensive in terms of data collection and training. In this paper we present an unsupervised Semantic Web-driven approach to improve the extraction process by using clues from the disambiguation process. For extraction we used a simple Knowledge-Base matching technique combined with a clustering-based approach for disambiguation. Experimental results on a self-collected set of tweets (as an example of short context messages) show improvement in extraction results when using unsupervised feedback from the disambiguation process.
Research into regeneration: gaps in our knowledge base

Purpose – The purpose of this editorial is to provide an overview to four papers in this issue that deal with regeneration.Design/methodology/approach – This guest editorial summarizes four papers from a regeneration management conference held at the University of Liverpool.Findings – City growth coalitions are, it seems, in abundance, and one should be aware of their unintended outcomes, likewise, such outcomes that occur during partnership processes.Originality/value – Readers gain a quick overview of regeneration which will be of interest to academics and practitioners alike.
Glomerular Size in Early Protocol Biopsies is Associated with Graft Outcome

Long‐term consequences of glomerular enlargement after transplantation are not well understood. The aim is to evaluate the relationship between glomerular volume (Vg) estimated in protocol biopsies, graft function and graft survival. Vg and Banff chronic damage score were evaluated in protocol biopsies at 4 months. Creatinine clearance (CrCl) was estimated by the Cockroft‐Gault formula. Vg estimated in 144 patients was 4.8 ± 2.0 × 106μ3. It was associated with donor age (r = 0.23, p < 0.01), recipient body mass index (r = 0.17, p = 0.04), delayed graft function (Vg = 5.9 ± 2.3 vs. 4.6 ± 1.9 × 106μ3, p < 0.01) and CrCl (r = 0.17, p = 0.04). The best cutoff of Vg, Banff chronic damage score and CrCl was determined by Cox regression analysis, being 5.0 × 106μ3 for Vg (relative risk (RR): 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–5.6), >2 for chronic damage score (RR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.03–8.9) and 60 mL/min for CrCl (RR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.04–11.9). These variables were independent predictors of death‐censored graft survival. According to Vg and CrCl, four groups of patients were defined. Patients with small glomeruli and high CrCl had a 95% graft survival while patients with large glomeruli and low CrCl had a 45% graft survival at 15 years (p < 0.01). Large glomerular volume, high Banff chronic score and poor early renal function in stable grafts are independently associated with death‐censored graft survival.
Measure change in multitype branching

The Kesten-Stigum theorem for the one-type Galton-Watson process gives necessary and sufficient conditions for mean convergence of the martingale formed by the population size normed by its expectation. Here, the approach to this theorem pioneered by Lyons, Pemantle and Peres (1995) is extended to certain kinds of martingales defined for Galton-Watson processes with a general type space. Many examples satisfy stochastic domination conditions on the offspring distributions and suitable domination conditions combine nicely with general conditions for mean convergence to produce moment conditions, like the X log X condition of the Kesten-Stigum theorem. A general treatment of this phenomenon is given. The application of the approach to various branching processes is indicated. However, the main reason for developing the theory is to obtain martingale convergence results in a branching random walk that do not seem readily accessible with other techniques. These results, which are natural extensions of known results for martingales associated with binary branching Brownian motion, form the main application.
Effects of Home Literacy, Parents' Beliefs, and Children's Task-Focused Behavior on Emergent Literacy and Word Reading Skills

We examined the effects of home literacy (shared book reading, teaching activities, and number of books), children's task-focused behavior, and parents' beliefs and expectations about their child's reading and academic ability on kindergarten children's (N = 61) phonological sensitivity and letter knowledge and on Grade 1 word reading. The results showed that, after controlling for nonverbal IQ and vocabulary, home literacy instruction prior to kindergarten, parents' beliefs about their children's reading ability, and children's task-focused behavior were significant predictors of two or more of the dependent variables. Storybook reading did not account for unique variance in any of the dependent variables.
Animal, dog, or dalmatian? Level of abstraction in nominal referring expressions

Nominal reference is very ﬂexible—the same object may be called a dalmatian , a dog , or an animal when all are literally true. What accounts for the choices that speakers make in how they refer to objects? The addition of modiﬁers (e.g. big dog ) has been extensively explored in the literature, but fewer studies have explored the choice of noun, including its level of abstraction. We collected freely produced referring expressions in a multi-player reference game experiment, where we manipulated the object’s context. We ﬁnd that utterance choice is affected by the contextual informativeness of a description, its length and frequency, and the typicality of the object for that description. Finally, we show how these factors naturally enter into a formal model of production within the Rational Speech-Acts framework, and that the resulting model predicts our quantitative production data. Keywords: referential expressions, levels of reference, basic level, experimental prag-matics, computational pragmatics
No Right to be Safe: Justifying the Exclusion of Alberta Farm Workers from Health and Safety Legislations

Alberta remains the only Canadian province to exclude agricultural workers from the ambit of its occupational health and safety laws. Consequently, farm workers have no right to know about workplace safety hazards and no right to refuse unsafe work, thereby increasing their risk of a workplace injury. This study uses qualitative content analysis to identify three narratives used by government members of the legislative assembly between 2000 and 2010 to justify the continued exclusion of agricultural workers from basic health and safety rights. These narratives are: (1) education is better than regulation, (2) farms cannot be regulated, and (3) farmers don’t want and can’t afford regulation. Analysis of these narratives reveals them to be largely invalid, raising the question of why government members rely upon these narratives. The electoral rewards associated with maintaining this exclusion may comprise part of the explanation.
A Convolutional Neural Network Hand Tracker

We describe a system that can track a hand in a sequence of video frames and recognize hand gestures in a user-independent manner. The system locates the hand in each video frame and determines if the hand is open or closed. The tracking system is able to track the hand to within ±10 pixels of its correct location in 99.7% of the frames from a test set containing video sequences from 18 different individuals captured in 18 different room environments. The gesture recognition network correctly determines if the hand being tracked is open or closed in 99.1% of the frames in this test set. The system has been designed to operate in real time with existing hardware.
De Novo methylation of the proto‐oncogene, c‐fos, during development occurs step‐wise and directionally in the laboratory mouse

We have analyzed the ontogenic initiation and maintenance of methylation of certain HpaII (m), HhaI (H), HincII (Hc), and SalI (SI)‐specific CpG sites in the coding region of the proto‐oncogene, c‐fos, through testicular cells, sperm, and fetal, neonatal, and adult somatic tissues. The results show that 1) sperm‐derived methylated sites get demethylated in early development. However, unlike other studied genes, they remain so at least up to day 13.5 post coitum (pc); 2) de novo methylation proceeds unidirectionally in a step‐wise, site‐specific manner between m5‐m3 sites; 3) the mature, tissue‐specific, adult methylation pattern is established between day 0 and day 20 of neonatal development; 4) the Hc and SI sites (CGTCGAC), occurring at an interval of one nucleotide, are only partially methylated in all the tissues; and 5) m3 and H1 sites, which occur close to an Sp1 motif, escape methylation in most of the tissues. The present study on the embryonic gene, c‐fos, thus provides a novel pattern of de novo methylation in development. Also, it suggests that close proximity of CpGs may prevent methylation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 48:421–432, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.