Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy conserving routing in wireless ad-hoc networks

An ad-hoc network of wireless static nodes is considered as it arises in a rapidly deployed, sensor-based, monitoring system. Information is generated in certain nodes and needs to reach a set of designated gateway nodes. Each node may adjust its power within a certain range that determines the set of possible one hop away neighbors. Traffic forwarding through multiple hops is employed when the intended destination is not within immediate reach. The nodes have limited initial amounts of energy that is consumed at different rates depending on the power level and the intended receiver. We propose algorithms to select the routes and the corresponding power levels such that the time until the batteries of the nodes drain-out is maximized. The algorithms are local and amenable to distributed implementation. When there is a single power level, the problem is reduced to a maximum flow problem with node capacities and the algorithms converge to the optimal solution. When there are multiple power levels then the achievable lifetime is close to the optimal (that is computed by linear programming) most of the time. It turns out that in order to maximize the lifetime, the traffic should be routed such that the energy consumption is balanced among the nodes in proportion to their energy reserves, instead of routing to minimize the absolute consumed power.
Perception of strong-meter and weak-meter rhythms in children with spina bifida meningomyelocele

Abstract Neurodevelopmental disorders such as spina bifida meningomyelocele (SBM) are often associated with dysrhythmic movement. We studied rhythm discrimination in 21 children with SBM and in 21 age-matched controls, with the research question being whether both groups showed a strong-meter advantage whereby rhythm discrimination is better for rhythms with a strong-meter, in which onsets of longer intervals occurred on the beat, than those with a weak-meter, in which onsets of longer intervals occurred off the beat. Compared to controls, the SBM group was less able to discriminate strong-meter rhythms, although they performed comparably in discriminating weak-meter rhythms. The attenuated strong-meter advantage in children with SBM shows that their rhythm deficits occur at the level of both perception and action, and may represent a central processing disruption of the brain mechanisms for rhythm. (JINS, 2009, 15, 521–528.)
A survey on energy and power consumption models for Greener Cloud

The growing demand of computation, large data storage needed for running a high performance computing enterprise and high dimensional data based web application increases the energy and power consumed by large infrastructure. Cloud computing is providing a solution as part of the Green IT initiative to reduce the adverse environmental impacts and save energy. Our paper describes important metrics of cloud computing which makes it greener. We discuss the various power and energy models and identify major challenges to build a model for Green Cloud. We also discuss the ways to reduce power and energy in terms of cloud computing services. Our work surveys the various models and helps understand the road map for a greener cloud.
Percentage-closer soft shadows

• Generates perceptually accurate soft shadows • Uses a single light source sample (one shadow map) • Requires no pre‐processing, post‐processing, or additional geometry • Seamlessly replaces a traditional shadow map query (embodies the same advantages as traditional shadow mapping—independent of scene complexity, works with alpha testing, displacement mapping, and so on) • Runs in real‐time on current consumer graphics hardware
Impact of Brand Cues on Young Consumers’ Preference for Mobile Phones: A Conjoint Analysis and Simulation Modelling

There are multiple attributes and product features which influence youth and impact their purchase decisions. The companies are assiduously trying to tap young consumers but are unable to sustain their high growth and market share. The attributes or brand cues influencing youth can be broadly classified as extrinsic cues and intrinsic cues. Extrinsic cues are peripheral or external to the product such as price, brand image, store image, whereas intrinsic cues are independent, inherent and constitute the product’s physical characteristics such as mobile camera, size, colour etc. In the present study, extrinsic cues are brand name and price while camera, RAM, Android type and battery power are intrinsic cues. To recognize the role of brand cues, a sample of 417 respondents through judgement sampling is drawn. The impact of brand name, price and technology on brand equity is empirically examined by conjoint and simulation analysis to generate information regarding consumers’ preferences towards mobile phone. The salience of study put forth the measures of enhancing mobile brand equity among young consumers. The originality of present study articulates brand equity diverge across different age groups and the young consumers obsession to spend more on consumer durable products like mobile with their desirable intrinsic and extrinsic cues.
Media portrayal of concussions in sporting matches : influence on observers' perception, knowledge and attitude towards concussion

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine how the media portrayal of potential head injuries in sporting contexts could affect observer’s judgments and perceptions of concussion. First, this study examined whether providing guidelines regarding returning to play after suffering a concussion could affect the likelihood of participants to identify an athlete’s likely concussion. Secondly, this study also examined whether providing feedback on how the concussed athletes were treated after the likely event would change participants’ responses on reporting concussion. Knowledge and attitude towards concussion were also assessed in this study. Finally, personality traits were examined to see if any personality traits have associations with concussion reporting behaviour. Participants and measurements: A total of 828 participants recruited online were randomly divided into two groups (n = 414 each). Participants were asked a series of questions on concussion knowledge and attitude (cautiousness) and viewed a series of short videos of rugby matches which a concussion may have occurred. Participants were asked whether they think the athletes experienced a concussion. Participants were given feedback on how the athletes were treated (remove, stay or return to play) and asked again if they think the athletes experienced a concussion. Personality traits were measured by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) (S. Eysenck, Eysenck, & Barrett, 1985) at the end of the questionnaire. Conclusion: How athletes were treated after suffering a concussion significantly changed participants’ response to whether or not they think an event of concussion had occurred. The return-to-play guideline did not influence participants’ ability to identify concussions. Psychoticism and Extraversion were negatively correlated with concussion MEDIA PORTRAYAL OF CONCUSSION IN SPORTING CONTEXT 4 knowledge and attitude. Overall, this study shows that media portrayal of concussions significantly affects individuals’ behaviour towards the management of concussion.
An efficient IP routing lookup by using routing interval

Nowadays, the commonly used table lookup scheme for IP routing is based on the so-called classless interdomain routing (CIDR). With CIDR, routers must find out the best matching prefix (BMP) for IP packets forwarding, this complicates the IP lookup. Currently, this process is mainly performed in software and several schemes have been proposed for hardware implementation. Since the IP lookup performance is a major design issue for the new generation routers, in this article we investigate the properties of the routing table and present a new approach for IP lookups, our approach is not based on BMP and significantly reduces the complexity, thus the computation cost of existing schemes can be significantly reduced. We also propose an efficient IP lookup algorithm, with which we improve the binary search on prefixes to 30 millions of packets per second (MPPS) and 5,000 route updates/s under the same experiment setup with an even larger routing table.
An optimization ant colony algorithm for composition of semantic Web services

Automatic composition of semantic Web services by requests is one of difficult problems in the field of Web services. In this paper we investigate Web services ontology and ant colony (AC) algorithm and propose a method of composition of semantic Web services (ACAC) that is based on ant colony algorithm. We generate a graph of input and output of semantic Web services, using this method, and then the composition of Web services is transformed into finding a satisfying path in the graph. So AC algorithm is used for efficient composition of Web services. Finally, we have tested ACAC with a test set and the results show that the algorithm can successfully compose the semantic Web services and is also able to ensure the quality and efficiency of composition.
Oral health-related quality of life among 12-year-olds in Northern Norway and North-West Russia.

AIMS To assess self-perceived oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in 12-year-olds living in two areas in the Barents region: North-West Russia (Arkhangelsk) and Northern Norway (TromsÃ¸). METHODS Sampling was performed according to a stratified cluster design and consisted of 590 Russian and 264 Norwegian 12-year-olds and their parents. After written consent from their parents, 514 Russian (87% attendance) and 124 Norwegian (47% attendance) children entered the study. The study included clinical examination (children) and questionnaires (children and parents). Dental caries and the aesthetic dental appearance were recorded under field conditions. Self-reports on background variables and oral health-related quality of life questions (CPQ11-14) were completed in classroom settings by children and at home by parents. RESULTS OHRQoL was found to vary depending on country of origin, with higher scores of CPQ11-14 domains among 12-year-olds from Russia. OHRQoL was found to be associated with dental caries, with higher scores among 12-year olds with caries. Inferior emotional and social well-being were established as having the strongest association with quality of life. Dental caries showed an independent effect on OHRQoL scores, but this effect disappeared when controlling for background variables, with country of origin, family economy, parental education and aesthetic appearance as the most influential (RÂ²=0.14). CONCLUSIONS Norwegian 12-year-olds had better oral health and OHRQoL than their Russian counterparts. The impact of dental caries on OHRQoL was weak and aesthetic dental appearance and socio-economic determinants were found to be more important, probably reflecting the great differences in the standards of living between Northern Norway and North-West Russia.
The Spine of American Law: Digital Text Analysis and U.S. Legal Practice

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the majority of U.S. states adopted a novel code of legal practice for their civil courts. Legal scholars have long recognized the influence of the New York lawyer David Dudley Field on American legal codification, but tracing the influence of Field’s code of civil procedure with precision across some 30,000 pages of statutes is a daunting task. By adapting methods of digital text analysis to observe text reuse in legal sources, this article provides a methodological guide to show how the evolution of law can be studied at a macro level — across many codes and jurisdictions — and at a micro level — regulation by regulation. Applying these techniques to the Field Code and its emulators, we show that by a combination of creditors’ remedies the code exchanged the rhythms of agriculture for those of merchant capitalism. Archival research confirmed that the spread of the Field Code united the American South and American West in one Greater Reconstruction. Instead of just a national political development centered in Washington, we show that Reconstruction was also a state-level legal development centered on a procedure code from the Empire State of finance capitalism.
Hybrid retrieval approaches to geospatial music recommendation

Recent advances in music retrieval and recommendation algorithms highlight the necessity to follow multimodal approaches in order to transcend limits imposed by methods that solely use audio, web, or collaborative filtering data. In this paper, we propose hybrid music recommendation algorithms that combine information on the music content, the music context, and the user context, in particular, integrating location-aware weighting of similarities. Using state-of-the-art techniques to extract audio features and contextual web features, and a novel standardized data set of music listening activities inferred from microblogs (MusicMicro), we propose several multimodal retrieval functions. The main contributions of this paper are (i) a systematic evaluation of mixture coefficients between state-of-the-art audio features and web features, using the first standardized microblog data set of music listening events for retrieval purposes and (ii) novel geospatial music recommendation approaches using location information of microblog users, and a comprehensive evaluation thereof.
On the structure of the turbulent interstellar atomic hydrogen. II- First comparison between observation and theory

{It is necessary to understand the dynamics of the atomic gas to use complex modeling and to carry out detailed comparisons between theoretical models and observations. }{In a companion paper, we present high resolution bidimensional numerical simulations of the interstellar atomic hydrogen. Here, we further characterize these simulations and we compare our results with various observations. }{We give statistics of the column density and velocity along the line of sight and show that they compare favorably with observations of high-latitude lines of sight. We compute synthetic HI spectra and qualitatively discuss the information that could be inferred if these spectra were observed. Finally, we extract CNM clouds and study their physical properties finding strong similarities with real clouds. In particular, we find that the clouds follow Larson-type relations, i.e. $M \propto L^\gamma$, where $\gamma \simeq 1.7$ (we speculate that in 3D, $\gamma \simeq 2.5$) and $\sqrt{ } \propto L^{0.4}$. We also find that the distribution, ${\cal N}(N)$, of the column density, $N$, of the CNM structures formed in the simulation follows ${\cal N}(N) \propto N^{-1.2}$ which is marginally compatible with the observational result obtained by Heiles & Troland (2005). From the mass-size relation and the mass spectrum, we derive an exponent for the column density distribution close to the value obtained in the numerical simulation. } {We conclude that the simulations reproduce various observational features reasonably well. }
Defending the Family, Defending the Faith: An Analysis of The Family: A Proclamation to the World, Religious Identity, and the Politics of Same-Sex Marriage in a Mormon Community

ABSTRACT In this article, we apply Peter Berger's theory of religion as a social construct to learn how The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Mormon Church) advances a heteronormative view of family relationships in the United States using a document titled The Family: A Proclamation to the World. Furthermore, applying cultural studies theory, we examine how believing Mormons negotiate the tension that arises when their secular values compete with those expressed by Church leaders. We argue that, although the Proclamation addresses a number of issues, the Church offers a closed text that emphasizes war narratives in which same-sex marriage is portrayed as a threat to LDS identity and the heteronormative family. This closed text is further legitimized by emphasis on the authority of Church leaders as oracles of God. The study participants largely accept the dominant narrative, and those who reject it, do so with some trepidation.
ANÁLISIS DE LOS OBJETIVOS ESTRATÉGICOS E INDICADORES DE GESTIÓN EN LAS ENTIDADES SIN FINES DE LUCRO. APLICACIÓN EMPÍRICA PARA EL PAÍS VASCO

[ES] Los modelos para la gestion de las Entidades Sin Fines de Lucro (ESFL) han dejado de funcionar estos ultimos anos y precisan de una herramienta que les permita revitalizarse, progresar y hacer frente con rapidez a los cambios estrategicos para seguir aportando valor a la sociedad. La investigacion se centra en las ESFL privadas del Pais Vasco, justificado no solo por la cercania, sino por la preocupacion e interes de la Comunidad por el tema. El objetivo del trabajo es averiguar si estas entidades tienen establecidos indicadores de gestion para evaluar el logro de los objetivos estrategicos de las perspectivas de su CMI y conocer si sus gestores opinan que los indicadores que proponemos en el estudio son lo suficientemente relevantes como para implantarlos en su organizacion. Se realiza un estudio empirico que permite conocer la realidad del ambito de investigacion y garantiza la utilidad del trabajo a la sociedad. [EN] Models for the management of Nonprofit Organizations (NPO) have stopped working in recent years, so they require a tool that allows them to revitalize, develop and deal quickly to strategic changes to continue to provide value to the society. The research focuses on private Nonprofit Organizations of the Basque Country, justified not only by proximity, but by the concern and interest of the Community for the subject. The aim of the work is know if these entities establish indicators for proper management of the perspectives in their Balanced Score Card and know if their managers think that the indicators we propose are interesting enough to be established in their organizations. An empirical study is done to find out the reality and current situation in the field of research and guarantee the usefulness of the work to the society.
Searching for Bandwidth-Constrained Clusters

Data-intensive distributed applications can increase their performance by running on a cluster of hosts connected via high-bandwidth interconnections. However, there is no effective method to find such a bandwidth-constrained cluster in a decentralized fashion. Our work is inspired by prior work that treats Internet bandwidth as an approximate tree metric space. This paper presents a decentralized, accurate, and efficient method to find a cluster of Internet hosts, given the desired cluster size and minimum interconnection bandwidth. We describe a centralized polynomial time algorithm for a tree metric space, along with a proof of correctness. We then provide a decentralized version of the algorithm. Simulation experiments with two real-world datasets confirm that our clustering approach achieves high accuracy and scalability. We also discuss the costs of decentralization and how the treeness of the dataset affects clustering accuracy.
Forming competing fear learning and extinction memories in adolescence makes fear difficult to inhibit

Fear inhibition is markedly impaired in adolescent rodents and humans. The present experiments investigated whether this impairment is critically determined by the animal's age at the time of fear learning or their age at fear extinction. Male rats (n = 170) were tested for extinction retention after conditioning and extinction at different ages. We examined neural correlates of impaired extinction retention by detection of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase immunoreactivity (pMAPK-IR) in several brain regions. Unexpectedly, adolescent rats exhibited good extinction retention if fear was acquired before adolescence. Further, fear acquired in adolescence could be successfully extinguished in adulthood but not within adolescence. Adolescent rats did not show extinction-induced increases in pMAPK-IR in the medial prefrontal cortex or the basolateral amygdala, or a pattern of reduced caudal central amygdala pMAPK-IR, as was observed in juveniles. This dampened prefrontal and basolateral amygdala MAPK activation following extinction in adolescence occurred even when there was no impairment in extinction retention. In contrast, only adolescent animals that exhibited impaired extinction retention showed elevated pMAPK-IR in the posterior paraventricular thalamus. These data suggest that neither the animal's age at the time of fear acquisition or extinction determines whether impaired extinction retention is exhibited. Rather, it appears that forming competing fear conditioning and extinction memories in adolescence renders this a vulnerable developmental period in which fear is difficult to inhibit. Furthermore, even under conditions that promote good extinction, the neural correlates of extinction in adolescence are different than those recruited in animals of other ages.
ROAD EXTRACTION IN URBAN AREAS SUPPORTED BY CONTEXT OBJECTS

In this contribution, we introduce our concept for automatic road extraction in urban areas using high resolution aerial imagery and dense height information. For facilitating the extraction we use a hierachical road model comprising different road elements (markings, lanes, junctions, road network) at different scales as well as context objects of roads like buildings and vehicles. Global contextual knowledge about roads in residential areas helps us to focus on certain image parts, and thus, to cope with the inherently high complexity of urban scenes. Road extraction is then performed in a mainly data driven fashion starting with the extraction of the basic road elements at the lowest level of the road model and reaching the top level, i.e., a topologically consistent road network, with the final steps of processing. On each step in between, hypotheses for the respective road elements are generated and validated, and thus, evidence about roads is collected and transfered to the next step. Since urban roads are often characterized by rather dense traffic the detection of vehicles and vehicle convoys plays a major role. The results of the currently implemented modules give us rise to further realize this concept.
Instrumentality of communication between home and school in the educational development of children with autism

This qualitative study aimed to determine if communication between the home and school environment impacts on the academic development of a child with autism. Data was collected through the use of semi-structured interviews. The experiences and perceptions of four parents of children with autism who attend secondary school provided a rich dataset. A deductive approach to data analysis identified four themes, each with two subthemes: (1) Parent Objective; (2) School Objective; (3) Additional Challenges; and (4) Experiences. The first three themes supported current literature but additional findings indicate that existing laws and policies are not being implemented. There was no literature on the fourth theme of Experiences and this may be of particular interest for future research. This study found that communication is essential for the child with autism to progress at school, however parents focus more on the progression of social skills rather than progression of academics.
Ju n 20 07 Transitions Between de Sitter Minima

We investigate the cosmological signatures of instantons mediating tunneling between de Sitter minima. For generic potentials the Coleman-de Luccia instanton does not necessarily exist; when it does not, the instanton which contributes to the decay rate is the trivial constant solution, known as the Hawking-Moss instanton. With the aid of a toy model we interpret this solution and describe the resulting cosmology. In neither the Coleman-de Luccia nor Hawking-Moss case can the resulting cosmology be closed. An observation of significant positive curvature would therefore rule out the possibility that our universe arose from any transition from a neighboring minimum in the string-theory landscape.