Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF MODULATED TRAVELING WAVES IN CELLULAR

We describe the formation and evolution of spatial and temporal patterns in cylindrical premixed flames. We consider the cellular regime, Le < 1, where the Lewis number Le is the ratio of thermal to mass diffusivity of a deficient component of the combustible mixture. A transition from stationary, axisymmetric flames to stationary cellular flames is predicted analytically if Le is decreased below a critical value. We present the results of numerical computations to show that as Le is further decreased, with all other parameters fixed, traveling waves (TWs) along the flame front arise via an infinite-period bifurcation which breaks the reflection symmetry of the cellular array. Upon further decreasing Le we find the development of different kinds of periodically modulated trav-eling waves (MTWs) as well as a branch of quasiperiodically modulated traveling waves (QPMTWs). These transitions are accompanied by the development of different spatial and temporal symmetries including period doublings and period halvings in appropriate coordinate systems. We also observe the apparently chaotic temporal behavior of a disordered cellular pattern involving creation and annihilation of cells. We analytically describe the stability of the TW solution near its onset using suitable phase-amplitude equations. Within this framework one of the M T W 's can be identified as a localized wave traveling through an underlying stationary, spatially periodic structure. 1. INTRODUCTION. It has been long known that premixed gaseous combustible mixtures do not necessarily burn in a uniform manner. In particular, under certain conditions flame fronts can exhibit a cellular structure, characterized by periodic arrays of crests along the flame front pointing in the direction of the combustion products. The pointed crests are connected by smooth troughs that are convex toward the fresh fuel mixture. The temperature is higher at the troughs, which therefore appear brighter, and lower at the crests, which therefore appear darker [38]. In many instances the transition from laminar to turbulent combustion occurs as a smooth flame breaks up into cells, which then undergo transitions leading to increasingly complex spatial and temporal behavior. In [38] both stationary and propagating cellular flames were observed on a slot burner, leading to a linear array of cells, while rotating cellular flames were observed on a burner of circular cross section. A variety of cellular patterns have been observed for flames stabilized on a circular burner. In [28] various patterns of ordered cellular flames were observed. For some of the patterns the …
Using Graph Model to Analyze the Topological Vulnerability of Transport Infrastructure

Given the ubiquitous nature of infrastructure networks in today’s society, there is a global need to understand, quantify, and plan for the resilience of these networks to disruptions. With the development of transport infrastructure, vulnerability analysis is a core process of man-made systems safety management. The main purpose of the paper is to identify the critical road sections and intersections in a road network which have great influence on the normal functionality of the urban territory. In this paper the structure (topology) of highway network of Vladivostok city in Russia was investigated and analyzed based on the graph theory. The network model of the road system was constructed using Open Street Map data.
Enhancing a Rule-Based MT System with Cross-Lingual WSD

Lexical ambiguity is a significant problem facing rule-based machine translation systems, as many words have several possible translations in a given target language, each of which can be considered a sense of the word from the source language. The difficulty of resolving these ambiguities is mitigated for statistical machine translation systems for language pairs with large bilingual corpora, as large n-gram language models and phrase tables containing common multi-word expressions can encourage coherent word choices. For most language pairs these resources are not available, so a primarily rule-based approach becomes attractive. In cases where some training data is available, though, we can investigate hybrid RBMT and machine learning approaches, leveraging small and potentially growing bilingual corpora. In this paper we describe the integration of statistical cross-lingual word-sense disambiguation software with SQUOIA, an existing rule-based MT system for the Spanish-Quechua language pair, and show how it allows us to learn from the available bitext to make better lexical choices, with very few code changes to the base system. We also describe Chipa, the new open source CL-WSD software used for these experiments.
PHARMACOETHICS: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION AND AWARENESS OF GRADUATING PHARMACY STUDENTS ON PHARMACY CODE OF CONDUCT IN MALAYSIA

Pharmacoethics has not been fully explored in Malaysia. This study aimed to create a psychometric instrument based on the Malaysian Code of Conduct for Pharmacists (PCC) for the measurement of its knowledge, perception and awareness among graduating pharmacy students in Selangor and KL, Malaysia, and to test its validity and reliability. Instrument was designed and refined via an expert group discussion and statistical analysis. It contains three sections; personal information, knowledge on PCC and perceptions and awareness on PCC. The instrument was administered randomly to 260 students among 6 institutions that offers undergraduate pharmacy course. Exploratory factor analysis was for validity of the instrument and reliability was measured via Cronbach’s alpha value. Two factors were extracted from 30 items in the knowledge on PCC section and two main factors were extracted from 14 items in perception and awareness on PCC section, classified as General-Knowledge, Practical-Knowledge, Awareness and Perception. After deletion of total of thirteen unstable items, Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.80 (General-Knowledge), 0.63 (Practical-Knowledge), 0.85 (Awareness) and 0.53 (Perception). The scores were: General-Knowledge=53±33(satisfactory), Practical-Knowledge=86±14(good), Awareness=50±19 (moderate) and Perception=46±17(low). These results indicated early evidence of the instrument’s validity and reliability for use in Malaysia and can be used in future studies.
Application-adaptive intelligent cache memory system

This article presents the design of a simple hardware-controlled, high performance cache system. The design supports fast access time, optimal utilization of temporal and spatial localities adaptive to given applications, and a simple dynamic fetching mechanism with different fetch sizes. Support for dynamically varying the fetch size makes the cache equally effective for general-purpose as well as multimedia applications. Our cache organization and operational mechanism are especially designed to maximize temporal locality and spatial locality, selectively and adaptively. Simulation shows that the average memory access time of the proposed cache is equal to that of a conventional direct-mapped cache with eight times as much space. In addition, the simulations show that our cache achieves better performance than a 2-way or 4-way set associative cache with twice as much space. The average miss ratio, compared with the victim cache with 32-byte block size, is improved by about 41% or 60% for general applications and multimedia applications, respectively. It is also shown that power consumption of the proposed cache is around 10% to 60% lower than other cache systems that we examine. Our cache system thus offers high performance with low power consumption and low hardware cost.
Robot behavior toolkit: Generating effective social behaviors for robots

Social interaction involves a large number of patterned behaviors that people employ to achieve particular communicative goals. To achieve fluent and effective humanlike communication, robots must seamlessly integrate the necessary social behaviors for a given interaction context. However, very little is known about how robots might be equipped with a collection of such behaviors and how they might employ these behaviors in social interaction. In this paper, we propose a framework that guides the generation of social behavior for humanlike robots by systematically using specifications of social behavior from the social sciences and contextualizing these specifications in an Activity-Theory-based interaction model. We present the Robot Behavior Toolkit, an open-source implementation of this framework as a Robot Operating System (ROS) module and a community-based repository for behavioral specifications, and an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Toolkit in using these specifications to generate social behavior in a human-robot interaction study, focusing particularly on gaze behavior. The results show that specifications from this knowledge base enabled the Toolkit to achieve positive social, cognitive, and task outcomes, such as improved information recall, collaborative work, and perceptions of the robot.
Implementation and Evaluation of Forgetting in ALC-Ontologies

We implement and evaluate a recently introduced method to compute uniform interpolants for ontologies specified in the description logic ALC. The aim of uniform interpolation is to reformulate an ontology such that it only uses a specified set of symbols, while preserving consequences that involve these symbols. Uniform interpolation is useful to applications in ontology engineering and modular ontologies. It is known that uniform interpolants of ontologies in ALC cannot always be presented in a finite way, and that their size can in the worst case be triple exponential in the size of the original ontology. These properties leave the question on how practical computing uniform interpolants is. The aim of this paper is to approach this question by implementing our recently presented method that always computes a finite representation of the uniform interpolant – either by using fixpoint logics or by extending the signature – and by undertaking an experimental evaluation of the method on a larger set of real-life ontologies.
Oligopeptides as Biomarkers of Cyanobacterial Subpopulations. Toward an Understanding of Their Biological Role

Cyanobacterial oligopeptides comprise a wide range of bioactive and/or toxic compounds. While current research is strongly focused on exploring new oligopeptide variants and their bioactive properties, the biological role of these compounds remains elusive. Oligopeptides production abilities show a remarkably patchy distribution among conspecific strains. This observation has prompted alternative approaches to unveil their adaptive value, based on the use of cellular oligopeptide compositions as biomarkers of intraspecific subpopulations or chemotypes in freshwater cyanobacteria. Studies addressing the diversity, distribution, and dynamics of chemotypes in natural systems have provided important insights into the structure and ecology of cyanobacterial populations and the adaptive value of oligopeptides. This review presents an overview of the fundamentals of this emerging approach and its most relevant findings, and discusses our current understanding of the role of oligopeptides in the ecology of cyanobacteria.
Unique Structural Features Facilitate Lizard Tail Autotomy

Autotomy refers to the voluntary shedding of a body part; a renowned example is tail loss among lizards as a response to attempted predation. Although many aspects of lizard tail autotomy have been studied, the detailed morphology and mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we showed that tail shedding by the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko) and the associated extracellular matrix (ECM) rupture were independent of proteolysis. Instead, lizard caudal autotomy relied on biological adhesion facilitated by surface microstructures. Results based on bio-imaging techniques demonstrated that the tail of Gekko gecko was pre-severed at distinct sites and that its structural integrity depended on the adhesion between these segments.
Combating Inequalities in Two-Way Language Immersion Programs: Toward Critical Consciousness in Bilingual Education Spaces

This chapter reviews critical areas of research on issues of equity/equality in the highly proclaimed and exponentially growing model of bilingual education: two-way immersion (TWI). There is increasing evidence that TWI programs are not living up to their ideal to provide equal access to educational opportunity for transnational emergent bilingual students. Through a synthesis of research from related fields, we will offer guidelines for program design that attend to equality and a framework for future research to push the field of bilingual education toward creating more equitable and integrated multilingual learning spaces. Specifically, this review leads to a proposal for adding a fourth goal for TWI programs: to develop “critical consciousness” through using critical pedagogies and humanizing research.
Vowel duration measurement using deep neural networks

Vowel durations are most often utilized in studies addressing specific issues in phonetics. Thus far this has been hampered by a reliance on subjective, labor-intensive manual annotation. Our goal is to build an algorithm for automatic accurate measurement of vowel duration, where the input to the algorithm is a speech segment contains one vowel preceded and followed by consonants (CVC). Our algorithm is based on a deep neural network trained at the frame level on manually annotated data from a phonetic study. Specifically, we try two deep-network architectures: convolutional neural network (CNN), and deep belief network (DBN), and compare their accuracy to an HMM-based forced aligner. Results suggest that CNN is better than DBN, and both CNN and HMM-based forced aligner are comparable in their results, but neither of them yielded the same predictions as models fit to manually annotated data.
An effective binocular vision-based sensing approach for IAUV

IAUV (Intervention Class AUV) is a challenging field for AUV's new development, suitable for underwater manipulation with certain target in limited environment. Visual sensor makes vivid description of the scene, so could be helpful in solving key issues in IAUV autonomous manipulation. Existing visual sensing approaches for IAUV are mostly applicable for target with prior knowledge and may be lack of robustness and flexibility. Here a binocular sensing approach is proposed using texture-control based pyramid NCC (normalized cross correlation) to extract target region or outline, and target range. Making use of the texture difference between foreground and background, the target was extracted by texture control. Regions with low texture level would be discarded, so time was saved and matching efficiency improved. A series of other methods were also used to further quicken the approach and improve its accuracy. Its overall capabilities, especially the real-time performance, were quantificationally analysed through repeated experiments in lab. Finally the approach was validated in a water tank with both clear and turbid water.
Vertical and Horizontal Bone Augmentation with the Intraoral Autogenous J-Graft

This article describes a technique to predictably reconstruct both horizontal and vertical bony defects with one graft, the autogenous J-graft. Bone harvested from the ramus is contoured in three dimensions resulting in both a horizontal and a vertical component. When there is inadequate soft tissue due to the increase in bone volume at time of augmentation, the bone graft is combined with a pedicle palatal connective tissue graft. This provides both a source of blood supply and soft tissue to the grafted site. There are several advantages to the J-graft technique; a single procedure can reconstruct complex three-dimensional defects and improve blood supply to the graft due to the larger buccal (horizontal) component in contact with the host bone which then supports the smaller occlusal (vertical) component. Finally, bone is added to interproximal sites as it curves from the buccal to the palatal against adjacent teeth. This supports the papilla at the future implant site. The autogenous J-graft is the ideal technique for augmentation in the esthetic zone with significant resorption that includes interproximal sites.
A Behavioural Rebound Effect: Results from a laboratory experiment

The rebound effect is the increase in consumption due an increase in energy efficiency and can be modelled as a result of simple income and substitution effects (Chan and Gillingham, 2015). Evidence around the rebound effect to date is largely from secondary field data, with a focus on estimating the size of the rebound effect and not on behavioural drivers (Gillingham et al., 2016; Sorrell et al., 2009). This paper investigates two potential behavioural drivers of the rebound effect. First, a behavioural rebound effect where pro-environmental behaviours are reduced after an improvement in energy efficiency. Second, moral licensing may increase the behavioural rebound effect if individuals who buy an energy efficient product subsequently give themselves psychological licence to reduce their pro-environmental behaviours even further. I develop a novel laboratory experiment to investigate these mechanisms, which can be cleanly isolated in the laboratory without the many confounds potentially present in the field, such as other motivations to reduce energy usage like saving money. Subjects much decide how to allocate their effort, in a real effort task, between earning money for themselves and reducing damages to a tree planting charity. I find evidence for a behavioural rebound effect, which is estimated to be 31% in this laboratory setting. Moral licensing also occurs, increasing ∗zack.dorner@waikato.ac. nz. Supervision provided by Lata Gangadharan, Anke Leroux and Paul Raschky is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks is also given for the many helpful comments provided at various stages of this project by Klaus Abbink, Philip Grossman, Jeffrey LaFrance, Andreas Lange, Michael Ward, the participants of the Environmental Economics Workshop held at Monash University in November 2016 and for the questions and comments given at the AARES 2017 conference. Funding was provided by the Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities (CRC grant number 20110044) and the Department of Economics in the Monash Business School. This research was made possible by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship.
Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke: Challenges and Progress

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and physical disability among adults. It has been 15 years since clinical trials of stem cell therapy in patients with stroke have been conducted using adult stem cells like mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells. Results of randomized controlled trials showed that adult stem cell therapy was safe but its efficacy was modest, underscoring the need for new stem cell therapy strategies. The primary limitations of current stem cell therapies include (a) the limited source of engraftable stem cells, (b) the presence of optimal time window for stem cell therapies, (c) inherited limitation of stem cells in terms of growth, trophic support, and differentiation potential, and (d) possible transplanted cell-mediated adverse effects, such as tumor formation. Here, we discuss recent advances that overcome these hurdles in adult stem cell therapy for stroke.
Effectiveness of Organizational Interventions to Reduce Emergency Department Utilization: A Systematic Review

Background Emergency department (ED) utilization has dramatically increased in developed countries over the last twenty years. Because it has been associated with adverse outcomes, increased costs, and an overload on the hospital organization, several policies have tried to curb this growing trend. The aim of this study is to systematically review the effectiveness of organizational interventions designed to reduce ED utilization. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted electronic searches using free text and Medical Subject Headings on PubMed and The Cochrane Library to identify studies of ED visits, re-visits and mortality. We performed complementary searches of grey literature, manual searches and direct contacts with experts. We included studies that investigated the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce ED visits and the following study designs: time series, cross-sectional, repeated cross-sectional, longitudinal, quasi-experimental studies, and randomized trial. We excluded studies on specific conditions, children and with no relevant outcomes (ED visits, re-visits or adverse events). From 2,348 potentially useful references, 48 satisfied the inclusion criteria. We classified the interventions in mutually exclusive categories: 1) Interventions addressing the supply and accessibility of services: 25 studies examined efforts to increase primary care physicians, centers, or hours of service; 2) Interventions addressing the demand for services: 6 studies examined educational interventions and 17 examined barrier interventions (gatekeeping or cost). Conclusions/Significance The evidence suggests that interventions aimed at increasing primary care accessibility and ED cost-sharing are effective in reducing ED use. However, the rest of the interventions aimed at decreasing ED utilization showed contradictory results. Changes in health care policies require rigorous evaluation before being implemented since these can have a high impact on individual health and use of health care resources. Systematic review registration: http://www.crd. york.ac. uk/PROSPERO. Identifier: CRD420111253
S : a flexible coding for tree hashing

We propose a flexible, fairly general, coding for tree hash modes. The coding does not define a tree hash mode, but instead specifies a way to format the message blocks and chaining values into inputs to the underlying function for any topology, including sequential hashing. The main benefit is to avoid input clashes between different tree growing strategies, even before the hashing modes are defined, and to make the SHA-3 standard tree-hashing ready.
Sparse RSA Secret Keys and Their GenerationChae

In this paper we consider the problem of reducing the computational load by use of restricted key parameters in the RSA system. We present various methods for generating RSA key parameters that can produce the secret key with much smaller binary weight than the ordinary case. This will greatly reduce the number of multiplications required for RSA decryption in both software and hardware implementations. Security will be the most critical issue for their practical use. We also present preliminary analysis for every possible attack we could imagine.
Latent Dirichlet Allocation based organisation of broadcast media archives for deep neural network adaptation

This paper presents a new method for the discovery of latent domains in diverse speech data, for the use of adaptation of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for Automatic Speech Recognition. Our work focuses on transcription of multi-genre broadcast media, which is often only categorised broadly in terms of high level genres such as sports, news, documentary, etc. However, in terms of acoustic modelling these categories are coarse. Instead, it is expected that a mixture of latent domains can better represent the complex and diverse behaviours within a TV show, and therefore lead to better and more robust performance. We propose a new method, whereby these latent domains are discovered with Latent Dirichlet Allocation, in an unsupervised manner. These are used to adapt DNNs using the Unique Binary Code (UBIC) representation for the LDA domains. Experiments conducted on a set of BBC TV broadcasts, with more than 2,000 shows for training and 47 shows for testing, show that the use of LDA-UBIC DNNs reduces the error up to 13% relative compared to the baseline hybrid DNN models.