Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revising and assessing axis II, Part II: toward an empirically based and clinically useful classification of personality disorders.

OBJECTIVE The DSM-IV classification of personality disorders has not proven satisfying to either researchers or clinicians. Incremental changes to categories and criteria using structured interviews may no longer be useful in attempting to refine axis II. An alternative approach that quantifies clinical observation may prove useful in developing a clinically rich, useful, empirically grounded classification of personality pathology. METHOD A total of 496 experienced psychiatrists and psychologists used the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure-200 (SWAP-200) to describe current patients diagnosed with axis II personality disorders. The SWAP-200 is an assessment tool that allows clinicians to provide detailed, clinically rich descriptions of patients in a systematic and quantifiable form. A statistical technique, Q-analysis, was used to identify naturally occurring groupings of patients with personality disorders, based on shared psychological features. The resulting groupings represent an empirically derived personality disorder taxonomy. RESULTS The analysis found 11 naturally occurring diagnostic categories, some of which resembled current axis II categories and some of which did not. The findings suggest that axis II falls short in its attempt to "carve nature at the joints": In some cases it puts patients who are psychologically dissimilar in the same diagnostic category, and in others it makes diagnostic distinctions where none likely exist. It also fails to recognize a large category of patients best characterized as having a dysphoric personality constellation. The empirically derived classification system appears to be more faithful to the clinical data and to avoid many problems inherent in the current axis II taxonomy. CONCLUSIONS The approach presented here may be helpful in refining the existing taxonomy of personality disorders and moving toward a system of classification that lies on a firmer clinical and empirical foundation. In addition, it can help to bridge the gap that often exists between research and clinical approaches to personality pathology.
Choline‐Containing Compounds in Human Astrocytomas Studied by 1H NMR Spectroscopy In Vivo and In Vitro

Abstract: We have studied 14 patients with different grades of astrocytomas using 1H NMR spectroscopy in vivo. Typically, astrocytomas exhibited a low N‐acetyl‐aspartate peak, a prominent signal from choline group‐containing compounds, and lactate in the 1H NMR spectra in vivo. The uncorrected choline/creatine + phosphocreatine peak area ratios were higher in tumors than in normal brain tissue. Absolute concentration of choline‐containing compounds (1.74 ± 0.09 mmol/L) in the normal brain tissue was not different in any grade of astrocytoma, but total creatine concentration in healthy brain (7.49 ± 0.30 mmol/L) was higher than that in grade IV astrocytomas (4.84 ± 0.89 mmol/L). Relaxation constants of choline‐containing compounds did not differ in tumors from those determined in normal brain. Perchloric acid extracts of biopsy samples from 35 astrocytomas and 13 samples of normal temporal white matter were analyzed with 1H NMR. Total concentration of choline‐containing compounds did not differ between controls and any grade of astrocytoma when the quantification was done in vitro. It is interesting that phosphorylcholine concentration was about twofold greater in grade IV astrocytomas than in controls or other grades of astrocytomas. We conclude that high phosphorylcholine in grade IV astrocytomas may be an indicator of degree of malignancy. The proportional changes within the group of choline‐containing compounds observed in vitro were not reflected in the NMR properties of choline signal in vivo.
Ideal glass transitions by random pinning

We study the effect of freezing the positions of a fraction c of particles from an equilibrium configuration of a supercooled liquid at a temperature T. We show that within the random first-order transition theory pinning particles leads to an ideal glass transition for a critical fraction c = cK(T) even for moderate supercooling; e.g., close to the Mode-Coupling transition temperature. First we derive the phase diagram in the T - c plane by mean field approximations. Then, by applying a real-space renormalization group method, we obtain the critical properties for |c - cK(T)| → 0, in particular the divergence of length and time scales, which are dominated by two zero-temperature fixed points. We also show that for c = cK(T) the typical distance between frozen particles is related to the static point-to-set length scale of the unconstrained liquid. We discuss what are the main differences when particles are frozen in other geometries and not from an equilibrium configuration. Finally, we explain why the glass transition induced by freezing particles provides a new and very promising avenue of research to probe the glassy state and ascertain, or disprove, the validity of the theories of the glass transition.
Simultaneous place and object recognition with mobile robot using pose encoded contextual information

Place and object recognition are two fundamental problems for mobile robot to understand its surroundings. In the field of computer vision it has been acknowledged that context plays an important role in image parsing, but in most of the researches contextual information is only used in one direction and little attention is paid to the relative pose context between objects and local features. We observe, however, place and object can serve as context to each other, that is the recognition of one facilitates the recognition of the other. In this paper, a new hierarchical random field which can encode multiple kinds of context including co-occurrence context, temporal context and relative pose context is proposed for simultaneous place and object recognition with a mobile platform. And a new kind of relative pose context, which is scale and rotation invariant, is defined to improve the stability of pose-encoded context. Experimental results with a mobile robot prove that the proposed method significantly improve the precision of the place and object recognition in familiar and unfamiliar environments.
Genetic Programming Crossover : Does It Cross Over ? In : EuroGP 2009 : Genetic Programming

One justification for the use of crossover operators in Genetic Programming is that the crossover of program syntax gives rise to the crossover of information at the semantic level. In particular, a fitnessincreasing crossover is presumed to act by combining fitness-contributing components of both parents. In this paper we investigate a particular interpretation of this hypothesis via an experimental study of 70 GP runs, in which we categorise each crossover event by its fitness properties and the information that contributes most strongly to those fitness properties. Some tentative evidence in support of the above hypothesis is extracted from this categorisation.
Newborn primary congenital glaucoma: 2005 update.

BACKGROUND Newborn primary congenital glaucoma is an unusual and important subtype of primary congenital glaucoma. Affected patients typically manifest specific signs that facilitate its recognition at birth and become important in the assessment and determination of appropriate treatment for this severe expression of primary congenital glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS The medical records of 35 patients with newborn primary congenital glaucoma were reviewed to determine its clinical manifestations and response to therapy. The published literature related to newborn primary congenital glaucoma was reviewed and referenced. RESULTS Newborn primary congenital glaucoma is recognized at birth because of the associated corneal opacification. Ocular examination reveals anterior segment abnormalities of the cornea, iris, and filtration angle as well as related elevated intraocular pressure. Genetic analysis of a subset of patients with newborn primary congenital glaucoma confirmed its relationship with the less severe infantile form of primary congenital glaucoma, which is characterized by favorable results after goniosurgery. In contrast, goniosurgery was found to have unfavorable results and be less successful compared with trabeculectomy and glaucoma drainage tube shunts as initial therapy for newborn primary congenital glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS Newborn primary congenital glaucoma is an important subtype of primary congenital glaucoma. It can be differentiated from the more frequent and familiar infantile type by history and careful anterior segment examinations to enable and support appropriate choices for its successful surgical treatment.
Resource Genome Sequencing Reveals Loci under Artificial Selection that Underlie Disease Phenotypes in the Laboratory Rat

Santosh S. Atanur,1,2 Ana Garcia Diaz,1 Klio Maratou,1 Allison Sarkis,5 Maxime Rotival,3 Laurence Game,4 Michael R. Tschannen,5 Pamela J. Kaisaki,6 Georg W. Otto,6 Man Chun John Ma,7 Thomas M. Keane,8 Oliver Hummel,9 Kathrin Saar,9 Wei Chen,9 Victor Guryev,10,11 Kathirvel Gopalakrishnan,12 Michael R. Garrett,13 Bina Joe,12 Lorena Citterio,14 Giuseppe Bianchi,14 Martin McBride,15 Anna Dominiczak,15 David J. Adams,8 Tadao Serikawa,16 Paul Flicek,17 Edwin Cuppen,10 Norbert Hubner,9,18 Enrico Petretto,3 Dominique Gauguier,6,19 Anne Kwitek,7 Howard Jacob,5 and Timothy J. Aitman1,* 1Physiological Genomic and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre 2National Heart and Lung Institute 3Integrative Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre 4Genomics Core Laboratory, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK 5Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA 6The Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK 7Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA 8The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK 9Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13092, Germany 10Hubrecht Institute KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands 11European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center, 9700 AD Groningen, the Netherlands 12Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43606-3390, USA 13Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA 14San Raffaele Scientific Institute, OU Nephrology, University Vita Salute San Raffaele, Chair of Nephrology, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy 15Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK 16Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan 17European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK 18DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 13092, Germany 19INSERM UMR-S872, Cordeliers Research Centre, 75006 Paris, France *Correspondence: t.aitman@csc.mrc. ac.uk http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.cell. 2013.06. 040 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Open access under CC BY license.
Life history traits and phenotypic selection among sunflower crop–wild hybrids and their wild counterpart: implications for crop allele introgression

Hybridization produces strong evolutionary forces. In hybrid zones, selection can differentially occur on traits and selection intensities may differ among hybrid generations. Understanding these dynamics in crop–wild hybrid zones can clarify crop‐like traits likely to introgress into wild populations and the particular hybrid generations through which introgression proceeds. In a field experiment with four crop–wild hybrid Helianthus annuus (sunflower) cross types, we measured growth and life history traits and performed phenotypic selection analysis on early season traits to ascertain the likelihood, and routes, of crop allele introgression into wild sunflower populations. All cross types overwintered, emerged in the spring, and survived until flowering, indicating no early life history barriers to crop allele introgression. While selection indirectly favored earlier seedling emergence and taller early season seedlings, direct selection only favored greater early season leaf length. Further, there was cross type variation in the intensity of selection operating on leaf length. Thus, introgression of multiple early season crop‐like traits, due to direct selection for greater early season leaf length, should not be impeded by any cross type and may proceed at different rates among generations. In sum, alleles underlying early season sunflower crop‐like traits are likely to introgress into wild sunflower populations.
Statistical methods for building robust spoken dialogue systems in an automobile

© 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. We investigate the potential of statistical techniques for spoken dialogue systems in an automotive environment. Specifically, we focus on partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs), which have recently been proposed as a statistical framework for building dialogue managers (DMs). These statistical DMs have explicit models of uncertainty, which allow alternative recognition hypotheses to be exploited, and dialogue management policies that can be optimised automatically using reinforcement learning. This paper presents a voice-based in-car system for providing information about local amenities (e.g. restaurants). A user trial is described which compares performance of a trained statistical dialogue manager with a conventional handcrafted system. The results demonstrate the differing behaviours of the two systems and the performance advantage obtained when using the statistical approach.
Phoneme recognition system based on HMM with distributed VQ codebook

In this paper a new variant of HMM named distributed VQ HMM (DVQHMM) is presented. Its main characteristic is the use of a code books distributed on HMM states with a new manner of HMM parameters estimation. Procedures for training and HMM evaluation of each recognition unit are described. Comparative results on an isolated phoneme recognition system are shown, between DVQHMM and conventional VQ HMM. The use of the proposed method improves the performance of the system.
Attention Modulates the Auditory Cortical Processing of Spatial and Category Cues in Naturalistic Auditory Scenes

This combined fMRI and MEG study investigated brain activations during listening and attending to natural auditory scenes. We first recorded, using in-ear microphones, vocal non-speech sounds, and environmental sounds that were mixed to construct auditory scenes containing two concurrent sound streams. During the brain measurements, subjects attended to one of the streams while spatial acoustic information of the scene was either preserved (stereophonic sounds) or removed (monophonic sounds). Compared to monophonic sounds, stereophonic sounds evoked larger blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI responses in the bilateral posterior superior temporal areas, independent of which stimulus attribute the subject was attending to. This finding is consistent with the functional role of these regions in the (automatic) processing of auditory spatial cues. Additionally, significant differences in the cortical activation patterns depending on the target of attention were observed. Bilateral planum temporale and inferior frontal gyrus were preferentially activated when attending to stereophonic environmental sounds, whereas when subjects attended to stereophonic voice sounds, the BOLD responses were larger at the bilateral middle superior temporal gyrus and sulcus, previously reported to show voice sensitivity. In contrast, the time-resolved MEG responses were stronger for mono- than stereophonic sounds in the bilateral auditory cortices at ~360 ms after the stimulus onset when attending to the voice excerpts within the combined sounds. The observed effects suggest that during the segregation of auditory objects from the auditory background, spatial sound cues together with other relevant temporal and spectral cues are processed in an attention-dependent manner at the cortical locations generally involved in sound recognition. More synchronous neuronal activation during monophonic than stereophonic sound processing, as well as (local) neuronal inhibitory mechanisms in the auditory cortex, may explain the simultaneous increase of BOLD responses and decrease of MEG responses. These findings highlight the complimentary role of electrophysiological and hemodynamic measures in addressing brain processing of complex stimuli.
Evolvable Hardware Chip for High Precision Printer Image Compression

This paper describes a data compression chip for the high-precision electrophotographic printer using Evolvable Hardware (EHW). EHW is a new hardware paradigm which combines Genetic Algorithm (GA) and reconfigurable hardware technology such as FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). In EHW, GA is used to search for the most desirable hardware structure to a given task. If the task requirement changes, GA is invoked to get a better hardware structure and EHW is reconfigured that way. In data compression, EHW is used to implement the most adequate compression method directly in hardware according to the characteristics of the target image. The EHW-based compression chip attains approximately twice the compression compared with the international standard called JBIG. This chip is the first EHW-chip to lead to a commercial product.
A hierarchical object based representation for simultaneous localization and mapping

Accomplishing simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in very large city environments is a great challenge because of theoretical and practical issues on computational complexity, dynamic environment, representation and data association. In this paper, we describe practical algorithms for dealing with the representation issues. Feature-based, grid-based and direct methods are integrated into the framework of the hierarchical object based representation. The sampling and correlation based range image matching algorithm is developed to tackle the problem arising from uncertain, sparse and featureless data in outdoor environments. Experimental results of a 800 meter /spl times/ 600 meter neighborhood demonstrate the feasibility of city-sized SLAM.
Direct real-time detection of the actin-activated power stroke within the myosin catalytic domain

We have used transient kinetics, nanosecond time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and kinetics simulations to resolve a structural transition in the Dictyostelium myosin II relay helix during the actin-activated power stroke. The relay helix plays a critical role in force generation in myosin, coupling biochemical changes in the ATPase site with the force-transducing rotation of the myosin light-chain domain. Previous research in the absence of actin showed that ATP binding to myosin induces a dynamic equilibrium between a bent prepower stroke state of the relay helix and a straight postpower stroke state, which dominates in the absence of ATP or when ADP is bound. We now ask whether actin binding reverses this transition and if so, how this reversal is coordinated with actin-activated phosphate release. We labeled a Cys-lite Dictyostelium myosin II motor domain with donor and acceptor probes at two engineered Cys residues designed to detect relay helix bending. We then performed transient time-resolved FRET following stopped-flow mixing of actin with labeled myosin, preincubated with ATP. We determined the kinetics of actin-activated phosphate release, using fluorescent phosphate-binding protein. The results show that actin binding to the myosin.ADP. P complex straightens the relay helix before phosphate dissociation. This actin-activated relay helix straightening is reversible, but phosphate irreversibly dissociates from the postpower stroke state, preventing reversal of the power stroke. Thus, relay helix straightening gates phosphate dissociation, whereas phosphate dissociation provides the thermodynamic driving force underlying force production.
Reconciling Belief and Vulnerability in Information Flow

Belief and vulnerability have been proposed recently to quantify information flow in security systems. Both concepts stand as alternatives to the traditional approaches founded on Shannon entropy and mutual information, which were shown to provide inadequate security guarantees. In this paper we unify the two concepts in one model so as to cope with (potentially inaccurate) attackers' extra knowledge. To this end we propose a new metric based on vulnerability that takes into account the adversary's beliefs.
Capon Beamforming for Active Ultrasound Imaging Systems

Medical ultrasound imaging has unique requirements regarding spatial and amplitude resolution, near-field focusing, wide bandwidth, and real-time operation. Only recently has Capon beamforming been adapted to this. We give examples of images of point targets, cysts, and regions dominated by speckle and discuss how subaperture smoothing, diagonal loading and range/time averaging must be balanced for best performance.
Language identiﬁcation and accent variation detection in spoken language recordings

—We develop a model for identifying languages and accents in audio recordings. Our Hierarchical-Sequential Nodule Model (HSNM) incorporates both short-distance features (which capture simple linguistic distinctions, e.g. phoneme inventories) and long-distance features (which detect long-distance suprasegmental patterns, e.g. tone and prosody) which help a classiﬁer discriminate intelligently among two or more languages. We apply this model to the language identiﬁcation (LID) and accent detection (AD) tasks, and investigate the potential for simple knowledge transfer between the two tasks. We demonstrate that the HSNM model performs well on binary and multi-class classiﬁcation tasks in LID and AD.
MIME Sub-type Registrations for Flexible Image Transport System (FITS)

This document describes the registration of the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) sub-types to be used by the international astronomical community for the interchange of Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) files. The encoding is defined by the published FITS standard documents. The FITS format has been in use since 1979, and almost all data from astronomical observations are interchanged by using FITS. This memo provides information for the Internet community.