Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mucin Histochemical Study of the Colon in Normal and Malignant Lesions

BACKGROUND: Mucins are complex carbohydrates secreted by different types of epithelial cells and glandular tissues of gastrointestinal tract. Mucins are mainly of two types- Neutral and Acidic. OBJECTIVES: To know the mucin distribution of the colon in normal and malignant lesions and to find out difference in mucin distribution in normal and malignant lesions. METHODOLOGY: The study was done on 30 specimens of normal and carcinoma colon collected from postmortem and surgically resected specimens in KIMSU and KHMRC hospital. Normal colonic specimens were used as controls with carcinoma of colon as test. The type of study was observational, analytical and case control study. Routine Hematoxylin / Eosin and special stains as PAS, PAS-Diastase, PAS-Phenyl Hydrazine, Alcian Blue PH -2.5 and 1, Aldehyde Fuchsin, combined AB-PAS and AF-AB were performed. RESULTS: Results were tabulated according to color intensity into different grades ranging from + to ++++. Regarding mucin histochemistry of normal colon - "mixture" of mucins were observed with predominance of "neutral" and "sulphomucins". In colon carcinoma- "sialomucins" were seen predominant than neutral and sulphomucins. CONCLUSION: Mucin histochemistry may provide a valuable and cost-effective tool for the diagnostic histopathology and for the researchers in histology.
Paradoxical Changes in Muscle Gene Expression in Insulin-Resistant Subjects After Sustained Reduction in Plasma Free Fatty Acid Concentration

Lipid oversupply plays a role in developing insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, decreasing expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes, and increasing extracellular matrix remodeling. To determine if a decrease in plasma lipid content reverses these abnormalities, insulin-resistant subjects with a family history of type 2 diabetes had euglycemic clamps and muscle biopsies before and after acipimox treatment to suppress free fatty acids. Free fatty acids fell from 0.584 ± 0.041 to 0.252 ± 0.053 mmol/l (P < 0.001) and glucose disposal increased from 5.28 ± 0.46 to 6.31 ± 0.55 mg · kg−1 · min−1 (P < 0.05) after acipimox; intramuscular fatty acyl CoA decreased from 10.3 ± 1.9 to 4.54 ± 0.82 pmol/mg muscle (P < 0.01). Paradoxically, expression of PGC-1–and nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes decreased after acipimox, and expression of collagens I and III α-subunits (82- and 21-fold increase, respectively, P < 0.05), connective tissue growth factor (2.5-fold increase, P < 0.001), and transforming growth factor-β1 increased (2.95-fold increase, P < 0.05). Therefore, a reduction in lipid supply does not completely reverse the molecular changes associated with lipid oversupply in muscle. Changes in expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes do not always correlate with changes in insulin sensitivity.
Transitional case management for reducing recidivism of individuals with mental disorders and multiple misdemeanors.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of a transitional case management (TCM) program targeted to individuals with mental disorders and multiple arrests for misdemeanor offenses. METHODS The sample included 178 individuals who were diverted from jail at arraignment (N=125) or who voluntarily enrolled in TCM (N=53). Number of arrests and case management sessions attended were compared. RESULTS The mean ± SD number of arrests of the 178 participants declined by 31% from the 12 months preenrollment to the 12 months postenrollment. Lifetime arrests and age were significant factors in the count of arrests postenrollment. Diverted and voluntary participants had similar numbers of postenrollment arrests (2.5 ± 3.0 and 2.5 ± 3.5, respectively). Differences in mean postenrollment arrests for diverted participants who completed or did not complete TCM were not significant. Diverted and voluntary participants received an equivalent mean number of case management sessions. CONCLUSIONS Individuals in TCM experienced a reduction in arrests in the 12 months postenrollment.
The View From the Bottom

We investigated the relation between relative deprivation (RD)—disparity in affluence between adolescents and their more affluent schoolmates—and involvement in bullying among 23,383 students (aged 9-19) in 413 schools that participated in the 2010 Canadian Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey. Students reported family affluence and frequency of bullying victimization and perpetration during the previous 2 months. Using the Yitzhaki index of RD and multinomial logistic regression analysis, we found that RD positively related to three types of bullying victimization (physical, relational, and cyberbullying) and to two types of perpetration (relational and cyberbullying) after differences in absolute affluence were held constant. These findings suggest that RD uniquely contributes to risk of bullying involvement.
The Ser460Pro mutation in recombinant protein S Heerlen does not affect its APC-cofactor and APC-independent anticoagulant activities

Summary Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein that functions as an APC-cofactor, but also exhibits anticoagulant activity in the absence of APC. The Heerlen polymorphism of protein S is characterized by a Ser460Pro substitution and lacks glycosylation at Asn458. It is associated with decreased protein S levels due to selective deficiency of free protein S Heerlen.To understand the lack of thrombotic complications associated with the protein S Heerlen mutation, we compared recombinant protein S Heerlen, wild type (wt) protein S and plasmaderived protein S. wt-Protein S and protein S Heerlen each bound 1:1 to C4BP with dissociation constants of 0.27 and 0.33 nM, respectively. Both wt-protein S and protein S Heerlen, either free or in complex with C4BP, were equally active as prothrombinase inhibitors in the absence of APC. All three protein S preparations stimulated APC-catalyzed inactivation of normal FVa, FVa Leiden and FVIIIa to the same extent. If extrapolated to plasma, it is not likely that the decreased free protein S levels in carriers of the protein S Heerlen mutation are compensated by an increased anticoagulant activity of protein S Heerlen-C4BP complexes. It is possible that an unrecognized plasma factor selectively enhances the anticoagulant activity of protein S Heerlen. If not, the reduction of free protein S levels in heterozygous protein S Heerlen-carriers combined with (low) normal total protein S levels apparently minimally affects the total anticoagulant activity of protein S (APC-cofactor and APC-independent activity) and hence is not associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis.
A follow-up study of adolescent attempted suicide in Israel.

OBJECTIVES (1) To compare the outcome of adolescent subjects who have made a suicide attempt with the outcome of matched controls, using their psychological and psychometric screening tests for military service at age 16.5 years. Their subsequent performance during military service between ages 18 and 21 was also evaluated. (2) To compare the prognosis of those attempters who received intensive psychiatric inpatient evaluation in a general hospital with the prognosis of those who received emergency room treatment only. METHOD The computerized military records of 216 adolescents, who had been treated between 1987 and 1988 for attempted suicide in a general hospital emergency room, prior to their induction into the army, were evaluated. They were rated on the following tests: cognitive/educational performance and psychosocial adaptation, psychiatric and psychological health diagnoses, and performance during their military service between 1989 and 1992. RESULTS Although the female attempters had slightly more problems in the military than the controls, their overall prognosis was surprisingly good. The male suicide attempters did very poorly in their subsequent military service. There was no long-term advantage in having had a psychiatric evaluation performed in a hospital over a brief emergency room evaluation. Most differences between attempters and controls were in service performance, rather than in cognitive and psychometric tests. CONCLUSIONS There may be marked differences between the sexes in the significance of attempted suicide and in the indications for intervention. The policy of mandatory general hospitalization for suicide attempters may need reevaluation.
Isolation of a plasmid responsible for caseinase activity in Clostridium perfringens ATCC 3626B

Clostridium perfringens strain ATCC 3626B was cured of caseinase activity at a high frequency after treatment with acriflavine dye (2.5%) or elevated temperature growth (9.1%). Caseinase-negative isolates retained the larger (9.4 megadaltons) pHB102 cryptic plasmid, but were missing the smaller (2.1 megadaltons) pHB101 plasmid present in the caseinase-positive wild-type strain. Dye-buoyant density-gradient centrifugation at 4 or 15 degrees C revealed that the pHB101 and pHB102 plasmids are temperature labile and easily converted into the nicked non-supercoiled or linear state.
Identification of excretory-secretory products from larval stages of Ostertagia circumcincta cultured in vitro by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting

*Summary Exsheathing fluid (EF) and excretory-secretory products (ES) of infective third-stage cultured larvae of Ostertagia circumcincta were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE). Five and seven predominant proteins were found in the EF and ES products, respectively. Immunoblotting by sheep pre-infection serum did not react with any of the EF and ES proteins, but the postinfection serum recognized four proteins of 44.5, 41.5, 38 and 24 kDa of the ES products. None of the EF products was recognized by the post-infection serum. Protectivity of the four proteins remains to be determined.
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphism influences chronic hypertensive response in the rat Goldblatt model

Background and objective In humans, the insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin (Ang) I converting enzyme (ACE) gene significantly determines ACE activity. The deletion allele induces higher ACE levels and is associated with hypertension in men. In the rat, a microsatellite marker in the ACE gene allows differentiation of the ACE alleles among strains with different ACE levels. We evaluated the effect of genetically determined ACE expression on the development of renovascular hypertension in the rat. Methods and results Systolic BP (SBP), ACE and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels were measured using the Goldblatt (Gb) model (two kidneys, one clip) in homozygous males of two inbred strains (F2) of Lewis × Brown-Norway (BN) rats. SBP was significantly higher in the BN-Gb rats compared to the Lewis-Gb rats throughout the study (F = 239.6, P < 0.001). An interaction was observed between SBP and strain (F = 2.92, P < 0.01). Plasma ACE activity was 100% higher in the BN-Gb than in the Lewis-Gb rats (P < 0.05). Ang II plasma levels were higher in the BN-sham than in the Lewis-sham rats (255 ± 22 versus 161 ± 16 pg/ml, P < 0.05), increased in both Gb groups and correlated significantly with SBP (r = 0.58, P < 0.01). Conclusions Genetically determined ACE expression in male rats enhances the chronic hypertensive response after the induction of renovascular hypertension. A relationship between circulating Ang II and the development of hypertension was also observed in this experimental model of genetically modulated hypertension.
Preparation and characterization of polycaprolactone–polyethylene glycol methyl ether and polycaprolactone–chitosan electrospun mats potential for vascular tissue engineering

Recently, natural polymers are frequently comingled with synthetic polymers either by physical or chemical modification to prepare numerous tissue-engineered graft with promising biological function, strength, and stability. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency for vascular tissue engineering of two distinctly different mats, one that comprised polycaprolactone–polyethylene glycol methyl ether and other that comprised polycaprolactone–chitosan. Nano/microfibrous mats prepared from electro-spinning were characterized for fiber diameter, porosity, wettability, and mechanical strength. Biological efficacy on both biodegradable mats was assessed by rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and polycaprolactone–polyethylene glycol methyl ether showed feasibility for use as an inner layer by inducing endothelial-specific gene expression and polycaprolactone–chitosan as an outer layer on dual layered without sacrificing tensile strength, small-diameter blood vessels. Therefore, scaffolds fabricated from this research could be potential sources for tissue-engineered vascular graft and could also overcome the well-known drawbacks, such as thrombogenicity and stenosis, in managing vascular disease.
Sex differences in vocal patterns in the northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus)

We investigated whether sex differences in spatial dynamics correlate with rates of staccato and neigh vocalizations in northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) at the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural–Feliciano Miguel Abdala, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 2,727 10 min focal subject samples were collected on 32 adult females and 31 adult males between April 2007 and March 2008. Compared with males, females spent a significantly lower proportion of their time in proximity to other group members and gave staccatos at significantly higher rates while feeding, resting, and traveling. Conversely, males emitted neigh vocalizations at significantly higher rates than females when feeding and resting only. Both sexes gave significantly more staccatos when feeding than when they were engaged in other activities, but their respective rates of neighs did not vary across activities. Both females and males emitted staccato vocalizations at significantly higher rates during times of the year when preferred foods were scarce, but no seasonal differences in the rates of neigh vocalizations were observed in either sex. Females and males showed a reduction in the number of neighbors following staccato vocalizations and an increase in the number of neighbors following neigh vocalizations. Our findings of sex differences in the rates of staccato and neigh vocalizations and the effects of these vocalizations on interindividual spacing are consistent with sex differences in spatial dynamics, and confirm the role of vocal communication in mediating spatial associations in this species. Am. J. Primatol. 72:122–128, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GscalerCloud: A Web-Based Graph Scaling Service

Enterprises and researchers often have datasets that can be represented as graphs (e.g. social networks). The owner of a large graph may want to scale it down to a similar but smaller version, e.g. for application development. On the other hand, the owner of a small graph may want to scale it up to a similar but larger version, e.g. to test system scalability. GSCALER is a recently developed tool for such scaling. This demonstration presents GSCALERCloud, a web-based service for access to GSCALER. A user can specify, via a browser, an example or empirical graph G, and a target size for the scaled version eG. The demonstration has two stages. In Stage I, the visitor can experiment with small graphs and check the similarity between input G and scaled eG. In Stage II, the visitor can test GSCALER with large graphs, and visually check for similarity using aggregate metrics and statistical distributions generated by GSCALERCloud's tools.
Risk of Hospitalizations Associated With Adverse Effects of Chemotherapy in a Large Community-Based Cohort of Elderly Women With Ovarian Cancer

Purpose: To determine the rates of hospitalization after receiving chemotherapy in patients who were diagnosed with ovarian cancer and to examine significant predictors for hospitalizations. Methods: We studied 9361 women who were diagnosed with stages I to IV ovarian cancer at age 65 or older in 1991 to 2002, identified from the 16 areas of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program linked with Medicare data. Hospitalization for adverse effects associated with chemotherapy was defined using primary and secondary diagnosis codes from the inpatient claims. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of being hospitalized for adverse effects in patients receiving chemotherapy compared with those who did not. Results: A total of 1363 patients (14.6% of 9361) received platinum-based chemotherapy without taxane, 3094 patients (33.1%) received platinum-taxane combination chemotherapy, 1694 patients (18.1%) administered other (nonplatinum) chemotherapy, and 3210 patients (34.3%) did not receive chemotherapy. Compared with those receiving platinum-based chemotherapy, patients receiving nonplatinum chemotherapy had a higher risk of being hospitalized for infection (odds ratio [OR], 1.66; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.19-2.31), whereas patients who did not receive chemotherapy (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.10-0.28) or received platinum-taxane combination chemotherapy (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.34-0.86) were significantly less likely to be hospitalized for hematologic toxicities. Although both comorbidity scores and age were significant predictors for hospitalization for infection and cardiovascular diseases, older age was not a significant predictor for gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicities. Conclusions: The nonplatinum chemotherapeutic regimens were associated with higher rates of hospitalizations for gastrointestinal and hematologic conditions or infections compared with platinum-based or platinum-taxane combination regimens. Comorbidity was a significant predictor for hospitalization for infections and gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases.
The epidemiology of noncompressible torso hemorrhage in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan

BACKGROUND Noncompressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH) is the leading cause of potentially survivable trauma in the battlefield and has recently been defined using anatomic and physiologic criteria. The objective of this study was to characterize the frequency and mortality in combat of NCTH using a contemporary definition. METHODS Four categories of torso injury, each based on vascular disruption, were identified in US military casualties from the Department of Defense Trauma Registry (2002–2010): (1) thoracic, including lung; (2) solid organ (high-grade spleen, liver, and kidney); (3) named axial vessel; and (4) pelvic fracture with ring disruption. Injuries within these categories were evaluated in the context of physiologic indicator of shock and/or the need for operative hemorrhage control. RESULTS Of 15,209 battle injuries sustained during the study period, 12.7% (n = 1,936) had sustained one or more categories of torso injury. Of these, 331 (17.1%) had evidence of shock or the need for urgent hemorrhage control, with a mean (SD) Injury Severity Score (ISS) and mortality rate of 30 (13) and 18.7%, respectively. Pulmonary injuries were most numerous (41.7%), followed by solid-organ (29.3%), vascular (25.7%), and pelvic (15.1%) injuries. Following multivariate analysis, the most mortal injury complexes were identified as major arterial injury (odds ratio, 3.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–9.74) and pulmonary injury (odds ratio, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.23–4.98). CONCLUSION NCTH can be defined using anatomic parameters combined with physiologic and operative interventions suggestive of hemorrhage. Major arterial and pulmonary injuries contribute most significantly to the mortality burden. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic/prognostic study, level III.
Newly licensed nurses: A look at their first 18 months

WHAT CONTRIBUTES to the successful transition of the new nurse into practice? Many newly licensed nurses experience high levels of stress and anxiety during this transition.1-3 The attrition rate may be as high as 60% in their initial employment.4-6 In a 2006 report by the Nursing Executive Center, newly licensed nurse turnover was found to be 75% at 2 years.7 This rate has hardly budged in the past 20 years, suggesting that further research is needed to understand the essence of newly licensed nurses’ experiences. Healthcare organizations with high attrition rates face considerable costs that are often unrecognized. This qualitative study used phenomenological inquiry to understand the essence of the experience of the newly licensed nurse. Qualitative research, valuable for studying topics that aren’t yet well defined, is usually the first step in understanding a problem well enough to create interventions and do quantitative research on the topic. Additionally, this type of research lets one describe and examine concepts, allowing the essence of the experience to emerge.8 The aim of the study is to provide insight into the initial experience in practice. This study provides information about the challenges particular to these participants and general implications for improving nursing practice.
Anconeus interposition arthroplasty in acute multiligamentous elbow injuries with irreparable radial head fractures: a novel approach.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of a new reconstruction with anconeus interposition arthroplasty in acute multiligamentous elbow injuries with irreparable radial head fractures. METHODS Five patients (3 males, 2 females) with a mean age of 42.6 years who underwent reconstruction with anconeus arhtroplasty were evaluated. With lateral approach, lateral capsuloligamentous structures were repaired, the radial head was excised, and anconeus interposition arthroplasty was performed. With medial intervention, the medial collateral ligament was repaired, and the ulnar nerve was transposed anteriorly. Clinical and radiological evaluation was performed the end of a mean follow-up period of 63 months. RESULTS Mean Mayo Elbow Performance, Oxford Elbow, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores were 91, 41.4, and 13.76, respectively. Average elbow extension loss was 10.2° and average forearm supination loss was 5.2°. Dynamic elbow instability tests were within normal limits. On elbow radiographs, the average increase in cubitus valgus angle was 5.4°. No patient reported limitation in daily activities. There was no heterotopic ossification in any patient. Mean radial shortening was 1.39 mm, and no patient suffered from wrist pain at final follow-up. Average Mayo wrist score was 91 points. CONCLUSION The combination of repair of the medial and lateral structures, radial head resection, and anconeus interposition arthroplasty may be a good alternative in the treatment of acute multiligamentous elbow injuries with irreparable radial head fracture.
Life in Code and Digits: When Shannon met Turing

Claude Shannon (1916–2001) is regarded as the father of information theory. Alan Turing (1912–1954) is known as the father of computer science. In the year 1943, Shannon and Turing were both at Bell Labs in New York City, although working on different projects. They had discussions together, including about Turing’s “Universal Machine,” a type of computational brain. Turing seems quite surprised that in a sea of code and computers, Shannon envisioned the arts and culture as an integral part of the digital revolution – a digital DNA of sorts. What was dreamlike in 1943, is today a reality, as digital representation of all media, accounts for millions of “cultural things” and massive music collections. The early connections that Shannon made between the arts, information, and computing, intuit the future that we are experiencing today. This paper considers foundational aspects of the digital revolution, the current state, and the possible future. It examines how digital life is increasingly becoming part of real life for more and more people around the world, especially with respect to the arts, culture, and heritage.