Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathology of soft‐tissue tumors: Daily diagnosis, molecular cytogenetics and experimental approach

This article reviews problems in diagnostic pathology and molecular cytogenetics of soft‐tissue tumors. Also discussed are the origin of soft‐tissue sarcomas and the molecular basis of effective target therapy for sarcomas. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of tumor‐specific chromosomal translocations and associated fusion gene transcripts offers a useful adjunct to the diagnosis of soft‐tissue tumors, but recent studies have indicated a growing number of fusion gene variations in each tumor type. In pleomorphic sarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma, the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism may result in formation of anaphase bridges and marked nuclear pleomorphism. The histogenesis of soft‐tissue sarcomas has been a matter of controversy. In the present experimental model using s.c. injection of 3‐methylcholanthrene in C57BL/6 mice pretreated with bone marrow‐transplantation from green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐positive green mice, the bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tissue‐resident mesenchymal cells in the peripheral soft tissues are possible originators of sarcomagenesis. Little is known about a molecular basis of target therapy for sarcomas. Platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) enhances the invasive activity of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) cells through platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) phosphorylation, whereas imatinib mesylate inhibited such activity, suggesting that targeting PDGFR‐β may result in the establishment of novel treatment for MPNST. In addition, emmprin is a transmembrane glycoprotein on tumor cells that stimulates peritumoral fibroblasts to produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), playing a crucial role in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. The MMP upregulation mechanism mediated by tumor‐associated emmprin may be a potentially useful target in anti‐tumor invasion therapy for sarcomas.
Incompleteness and Inconsistency

Graham Priest's In Contradiction (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1987, chapter 3) contains an argument concerning the intuitive, or 'naive' notion of (arithmetic) proof, or provability. He argues that the intuitively provable arithmetic sentences constitute a recursively enumerable set, which has a Godel sentence which is itself intuitively provable. The incompleteness theorem does not apply, since the set of provable arithmetic sentences is not consistent.
The Importance of Groves for Cattle in Semi-Open Pastures

Groves are of ecological importance, but can reduce the productivity of pastures. They may be used by cattle for nutrition as well as for comfort and shelter. To describe the importance and to estimate the influence of cattle on groves, the behavior of cattle around trees and shrubs was observed on six semi-open pastures in the mountain range of Thuringia and the Southern Black Forest (Germany). The groves were divided into formations, species and structures. The cattle used the groves more for browsing than rubbing. Significantly preferred species calculated by Chesson-Index were dogwood ( Cornus sanguinea ), black elder ( Sambucus nigra ), fly honeysuckle ( Lonicera xylosteum ), plum ( Prunus domestica ), osier ( Salix viminalis ), white beam ( Sorbus chamaemespilus ), and guelder rose ( Viburnum opulus ). The browsing preference is discussed in relation to nutritional importance and as self-medication. Cattle suppressed some species according to the utilization frequency, but for other species, there was no correlation. The animals preferred the tree hedges in comparison to the other formations. Hedges were utilized as shelter in extreme weather. In addition, under high browsing pressure, hedges were sustained and regenerated. Hedges on pastures turned out to be important for cattle under several aspects and accordingly should be preserved.
Paul Pierre Broca (1824–1880)

Although in the obesity research world Broca is most famous for his association with a way to calculate ideal body weight (IBW) (the Broca index), he was a remarkable French multitalented scientist. He studied medicine in Paris, became professor of pathology before age 26, a pioneer in neuroscience and anthropometry. Based on the famous case ‘Tan’ – an unfortunate man who could not speak because of a neurosyfilitic brain softening in the left frontal lobe – Broca correctly located the speech centre to this region, later known as Broca’s area. The quote, translated from French, is from the summary of his presentation in the anatomical Bulletin in 1861. Broca was a remarkable personality, who in spite of this tremendous academic success had many friends and no enemies. He was an early supporter of Darwin’s theories, which caused him temporary problems in the conservative French academic circles and he helped to develop the healthcare system in France for the poor in the so-called ‘Assistance Publique’. Broca was a member of the Académie Française and of the French Senate. Adolphe Quetelet has formulated his thoughts about the relationship about weight and height in Belgium from 1832 and onwards. This was decades later developed into the body mass index concept. Broca began to develop his formula in 1871, first to calculate IBW. IBW (kg) = Height (cm) − 100. Onto that he allowed ± 15% for women and ± 10% for men. An unknown person modified this into an Anglo-Saxon version: for women, allow 100 lb for the first 5 feet and 5 lb for each additional inch; for men, allow 110 lb for the first 5 feet and 5 lb for each additional inch (1). These formulas predated and influenced the well-known Metropolitan Life Insurance Tables, which were created in 1943 and used into the 1970s. IBW was often described in terms of Broca’s index into the 1970s, especially in surgical papers. Broca’s formula had other and later influences; an adapted version ‘the Devine formula’ was used to calculate drug dosage in relation to body size. Not until 1983 did it become clear that this formula was based on estimates rather than on a properly defined population. The Devine IBW resulted in too low values, in particular for women.
Mechanomyographic Sensor - a Triaxial Accelerometry Approach

Recently, accelerometers have been used to acquire mechanomyography signals. These signals are due to muscle lateral oscillations during contraction. In this study, a sensor acquired such vibrations in three directions. A triaxial accelerometer-based sensor was constructed and tested with a controlled mechanical vibrator and subwoofer speaker (both from 10Hz up to 40Hz) during isokinetic muscle contraction (3 volunteers, 50 extensions at 300 degrees/s). With triaxial accelerometry it was possible to compute the MMG modulus signal. For normalised and average values, MMG amplitude presented strong correlation coefficients (R=0,89) with RMS and peak torque. Below 80% of normalised data, MMG amplitude and torque values (RMS and peak) seem to converge.
Identification of individuals through the morphological processing of the iris

A new approach based on morphological operators is presented for identification of individuals by segmentation and analysis of the iris. Several morphological operators are developed to segment the iris region from the eye image and also to highlight chosen iris patterns. The extracted features are used to represent and uniquely characterize the iris. In order to properly extract the desired patterns, we also propose an algorithm to produce skeletons with unique paths among end-points. This new representation, obtained by the proposed morphological operators is stored for identification purposes. Results are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the identification system. The proposed system was derived to present low complexity implementation and low storage requirements.
Investigating the Early Stages of Photosystem II Assembly in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Biochemical characterization of intermediates involved in the assembly of the oxygen-evolving Photosystem II (PSII) complex is hampered by their low abundance in the membrane. Using the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, we describe here the isolation of the CP47 and CP43 subunits, which, during biogenesis, attach to a reaction center assembly complex containing D1, D2, and cytochrome b559, with CP47 binding first. Our experimental approach involved a combination of His tagging, the use of a D1 deletion mutant that blocks PSII assembly at an early stage, and, in the case of CP47, the additional inactivation of the FtsH2 protease involved in degrading unassembled PSII proteins. Absorption spectroscopy and pigment analyses revealed that both CP47-His and CP43-His bind chlorophyll a and β-carotene. A comparison of the low temperature absorption and fluorescence spectra in the QY region for CP47-His and CP43-His with those for CP47 and CP43 isolated by fragmentation of spinach PSII core complexes confirmed that the spectroscopic properties are similar but not identical. The measured fluorescence quantum yield was generally lower for the proteins isolated from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and a 1–3-nm blue shift and a 2-nm red shift of the 77 K emission maximum could be observed for CP47-His and CP43-His, respectively. Immunoblotting and mass spectrometry revealed the co-purification of PsbH, PsbL, and PsbT with CP47-His and of PsbK and Psb30/Ycf12 with CP43-His. Overall, our data support the view that CP47 and CP43 form preassembled pigment-protein complexes in vivo before their incorporation into the PSII complex.
Atomistic Simulations of Rare Gas Transport through Breathable Single-wall Nanotubes with Constrictions and Knees

We present the results of molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations of rare gas diffusion through breathable nanotubes with pentagon–heptagon pair defects resulting in constrictions and knees. Diffusion involves interrupted high speed “choppy” motion with intermittent reversal in velocity direction. Single atoms exhibit a spiral-like path, in contrast to atoms traveling in groups. Considerable resistance to flow appears to reside in the upstream section of the nanotube where density gradients are small, prior to the constriction. Subsequently, considerable density gradients are present and speeds increase, becoming greatest at the tube exit. For the nanotubes examined, Kr and Xe diffusion was too hindered to provide reliable results. Diffusion of He through the nanotubes with knees occurs in a single-file fashion nearly along the center of the tube and the knee has no detectable effect on the diffusion kinetics. Transport diffusion coefficients are in the order of 10-4–10-2 cm2/s.
Alone together: a socio-technical theory of motivation, coordination and collaboration technologies in organizing for free and open source software development

This dissertation presents evidence that the production of Free and Open Source Software (FLOSS) is far more alone than together; it is far more often individual work done "in company" than it is teamwork. When tasks appear too large for an individual they are more likely to be deferred until they are easier rather than be undertaken through teamwork. This way of organizing is successful because it fits with the motivations of the participants, the nature of software development as a task, and the key technologies of FLOSS collaboration. The empirical findings are important because they ground and motivate a theory that enables a systematic approach to understanding the implications of FLOSS development as a model for adaptation and the future of work. The dissertation presents a process of discovery (participant observation), replication (a systematic study of project archives), and generalization to theory (a model of the rational choices of developers and an analysis of the exibility of software as a task). The dissertation concludes by enumerating the conditions under which this theory of organizing is likely to be successful, such as non-revokable and rewindable work with incremental incentives. These are used as a framework to analyze efforts to adapt the FLOSS model of organizing for self-organizing, virtual teams in other domains of work. Future developments of this dissertation, errata and discussion will be available at http://james.howison. name/pubs/dissertation.html.
Landmark-free smile intensity estimation

Facial expression analysis is an important field of research, mostly because of the rich information faces can provide. The majority of works published in the literature have focused on facial expression recognition and so far estimating facial expression intensities have not gathered same attention. The analysis of these intensities could improve face processing applications on distinct areas, such as computer assisted health care, human-computer interaction and biometrics. Because the smile is the most common expression, studying its intensity is a first step towards estimating other expressions intensities. Most related works are based on facial landmarks, sometimes combined with appearance features around these points, to estimate smile intensities. Relying on landmarks can lead to wrong estimations due to errors in the registration step. In this work we investigate a landmark-free approach for smile intensity estimation using appearance features from a grid division of the face. We tested our approach on two different databases, one with spontaneous expressions (BP4D) and the other with posed expressions (BU-3DFE); results are compared to state-of-the-art works in the field. Our method shows competitive results even using only appearance features on spontaneous facial expression intensities, but we found that there is still need for further investigation on posed expressions. Keywords-Smile intensity estimation; Facial expression analysis; Feature extraction; Machine learning;
Interprocessor Traffic Scheduling Algorithm for Multiple-Processor Networks

Recent research on parallel systems has shown that the most difficult problem for system designers and users is interprocessor connection and communication. A methodology for the automated design and implementation of interprocessor communication for certain multiple-processor systems has been developed and is presented in this paper. For many application- specific and mission-oriented systems, the interprocessor communication is deterministic and can be specified at system inception. This specification can then be automatically mapped or complied onto a physical multiple-processor system using a network traffic scheduler. An algorithm for such a scheduler, which is capable of obtaining optimal network traffic patterns, has been developed. It is shown that the order of complexity of network scheduler components is polynomial, rather than expopential as in classical solutions.
IQ tests as aids to diagnosis and management in early schizophrenia

Intellectual and other more specific neurocognitive impairments in schizophrenia are important for understanding the aetiology of the condition and its likely outcome. However, these impairments are not usually considered important for supporting a diagnosis in suspected early schizophrenia. IQ testing is widely available and probably acceptable to most people likely to be experiencing the early stages of psychosis and who might be unable or unwilling to disclose details of their history and mental state or to cooperate with more comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Although in general IQ tests have only limited diagnostic value in schizophrenia, the finding of a substantial decline in IQ score from the estimated premorbid level may be helpful in supporting a provisional diagnosis of early schizophrenia in cases without organic signs in which the clinical picture is unclear or incomplete. More important, the results of IQ tests may contribute to a better understanding of patients' impairments and assist clinical management in a number of ways, as illustrated here by three fictional case studies.
Hybrid motion control and planning strategies for visual servoing

This paper presents two hybrid strategies for robot visual servoing. Two specific image constraints, the image singularities and image local minima, are considered in both strategies. The hybrid motion control strategy consists of a local switching control between the image-based and position-based visual servoing for direct avoidance of image singularities and image local minima. The hybrid motion planning strategy consists of an artificial potential field-based global hybrid trajectory planner, where a complete set of Cartesian, image, and robot joint constraints under a complex visual servoing scenario are considered. In this strategy, the image singularities are resolved using the damped-least-square-based joint trajectory planning, while the image local minima are evaluated only along the planned image trajectories and automatically avoided in the image-based trajectory tracking. Two global planning methods are considered. In the first method, the end-effector trajectory is directly planned with respect to the stationary target object frame, which provides a much shorter translational path compared with the local planning method. In the second method, the target trajectory is planned with respect to the current end-effector frame, which minimizes the chances of image trajectories leaving the camera field of view. Simulation and experimental results are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the two hybrid strategies.
Possible deficiencies of pain modulation in fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE To examine possible deficiencies in endogenous pain modulating mechanisms in fibromyalgia patients compared with matched pain-free control subjects. DESIGN/SUBJECTS/METHODOLOGY: Pain reduction was investigated in 25 female patients with fibromyalgia and 26 age-matched healthy women using the diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) paradigm. Tonic thermal stimuli at painful and nonpainful intensities, tailored to individual heat pain thresholds, were employed to induce pain inhibition. The anticipated effect was assessed by measuring the electrical pain threshold and detection threshold, using a double staircase method. Only nontender control points were stimulated (thermode on the foot, electrodes on the inner forearm). RESULTS The patients with fibromyalgia had significantly lower heat pain thresholds than the healthy subjects, but similar electrical detection and pain thresholds. The repeatedly applied electrical stimuli resulted in a degree of perceptual adaptation that was similar between the two groups. However, concurrent tonic thermal stimuli, at both painful and nonpainful levels, significantly increased the electrical pain threshold in the healthy subjects but not in the fibromyalgia patients. The electrical detection threshold was not affected in either group. CONCLUSIONS Pain modulation, produced by a concurrent tonic stimulus in healthy persons, was not seen in the fibromyalgia group. The patients either had deficient pain modulation or were unable to tolerate a tonic stimulus intense enough to engage a modulatory process. It remains to be established whether the pain reduction found in the healthy subjects was the conventional DNIC effect, another effect (e.g., distraction), or a combination of both.
Newton-type control strategies for constrained nonlinear processes

In this paper we consider the development of moving time horizon strategies where optimal controller moves are determined from a model linearized about a nominal trajectory, and only the first step is implemented. In a nonlinear analogy to Quadratic Dynamic Matrix Control (QDMC), this approach solves a single quadratic program (QP) over the time horizon and easily incorporates bounds on control inputs and outputs.
There Are Many Reasons to Drive a BMW: Does Imagined Ease of Argument Generation Influence Attitudes?

The effects of imagined versus actual ease of self-generating product-related information were investigated. An ad invited recipients to name either one reason or 10 reasons for (against) choosing a BMW over a Mercedes. Participants who complied with the task experienced the retrieval of one reason as easier than the retrieval of 10 reasons. Participants who did not comply nevertheless imagined the former as easier than the latter. Independent of whether ease was actually experienced or merely imagined, participants evaluated BMW more (less) favorably and Mercedes less (more) favorably when the retrieval was easy rather than difficult.
Ultrathin reconfigurable molecular filter for gas-selective sensing

Development of a sensor system with high molecular recognition ability was examined for comprehensive detection of numerous volatiles. The built system extracts molecular profiles and classifies odor and VOCs by structurally discernible adsorbents with high selectivity and condensation ability. These adsorbents have multilayer structures where molecular imprinted filter was fabricated on various concentrating materials. Target molecules were selectively absorbed into concentrating layers and other gases were blocked by the nanofiltration. Therefore, the system embedded developed adsorbents enables the detection and discrimination of low-concentrated gases. In addition, nano-filters are optimized and tailored for various applications. These possess not only the flexibility to be easily reconfigured with different properties, but also specific properties to interact with a variety of volatiles. In this study, basic characteristics of molecular filters with reconfigurability was investigated by applying functional materials.
An Oral Health Curriculum for Medical Students at the University of Washington

Oral health disparities are a major public health problem, according to the U.S. Surgeon General. Physicians could help prevent oral disease, but lack the knowledge to do so. To create an oral health curriculum for medical students at the University of Washington School of Medicine, the authors (beginning in 2003) (1) reviewed current evidence of medical education and physician training in oral health, (2) developed oral health learning objectives and competencies appropriate for medical students, and (3) identified current oral health content in the undergraduate curriculum and opportunities for including additional material. The authors identified very few Medline articles on medical student education and training in oral health. The United States Medical Licensing Examination Steps 2 and 3 require specific clinical knowledge and skills in oral and dental disorders, but other national curriculum databases and the Web site of the Liaison Committee on Medical Education devote no significant attention to oral health. To develop learning objectives, the authors reviewed major oral health reports, online oral health educational resources, and consulted with dental faculty. The curriculum was assessed by interviewing key medical school faculty and analyzing course descriptions, and was found to be deficient in oral health content. The authors developed five learning themes: dental public health, caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer, and oral–systemic interactions, and recommend the inclusion of corresponding competencies in targeted courses through a spiral curriculum. Current progress, the timeline for curriculum changes at the University of Washington, and the ethical values and attitudinal shifts needed to support this effort are discussed.
Migration Distance and Sexual Dichromatism: Cost of Migration is Correlated with Reduced Female Coloration in Wood Warblers

EDUCATION Ph.D. Arizona State University, Animal Behavior Anticipated 2018 “The Evolution of Hummingbird Coloration and Courtship Displays. ” Advisor: Kevin McGraw (kjmcgraw@asu.edu) Committee: Ronald Rutowski, Stephen Pratt, Christopher Clark, Jimmy McGuire B.S. Trinity University, Biology, Cum Laude 2012 Undergraduate Thesis – “Migration Distance and Sexual Dichromatism: Cost of migration is correlated with reduced female coloration in Wood Warblers. ” Advisor: Troy Murphy (tmurphy@trinity.edu) Committee: Michele Johnson, David Ribble