Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The five orders of teaching ignorance

The updated draft General Criteria was sent to the CAC’s Criteria Committee for review and comment. It will be sent to CSAB and CAC members for feedback and once approved by CAC’s Executive Committee, it will be sent to ABET for approval. ABET will post the draft Criteria for public comment. The purpose of this column is to inform you and have a discipline-wide discourse of interested computing professionals concerning the development of the draft General Criteria for Computing. Please send your comments to ABET at <http://www.abet. org> or to me at <jgorgone@bentley.edu>.
Refining multiple ontologies: a mappings-based approach

In a distributed environment like Semantic Web, complex applications often need to handle multiple ontologies, where the heterogeneity of multiple ontologies arises. In order to reconcile these ontologies, ontology mappings are proposed to provide the interoperating rules between multiple ontologies. However, introducing mappings may cause inconsistencies and redundancies, which will break the soundness and balance of the original ontologies. This paper proposes an approach to eliminate inconsistencies and redundancies. First the mappings are classified into eleven kinds and multiple ontologies are modeled as a graph. Then the changes of the graph, when introducing different kinds of mappings orderly, are analyzed. Following refining steps include semantic checking to keep multiple ontologies sound, and semantic refinement to avoid multiple redundancies. All the steps in our approach can be performed in polynomial time. Our method has high efficiency and is feasible to applications about multiple ontologies in a distributed environment.
On the Phase Noise Performance of Transformer-Based CMOS Differential-Pair Harmonic Oscillators

The white noise to phase noise conversion of one- and two-port CMOS differential-pair harmonic oscillators with transformer-based resonators is addressed in this paper. First, the operation of double-tuned transformer resonators is reviewed and design guidelines are proposed to maximize the quality factor. A rigorous approach is then employed to approximate the transformer network with a second order RLC model near the resonances, greatly simplifying the problem of handling the complex equations of a higher order resonator. The results are applied to phase noise calculations, leading to simple, yet accurate, closed-form 1/f2 phase noise expressions in excellent agreement with the simulation results. It is formally proved, in a general case, that high-order resonators do not provide any fundamental advantage in comparison with simple LC-tanks. The two-port transformer based oscillator may be exploited to limit the phase noise contribution of the core transistors through optimization of the bias point and by leveraging the transformer voltage gain.
Hemoglobin-Dilution Method: Effect of Measurement Errors on Vascular Volume Estimation

The hemoglobin-dilution method (HDM) has been used to estimate changes in vascular volumes in patients because direct measurements with radioisotopes are time-consuming and not practical in many facilities. The HDM requires an assumption of initial blood volume, repeated measurements of plasma hemoglobin concentration, and the calculation of the ratio of hemoglobin measurements. The statistics of these ratio distributions resulting from measurement error are ill-defined even when the errors are normally distributed. This study uses a “Monte Carlo” approach to determine the distribution of these errors. The finding was that these errors could be closely approximated with a log-normal distribution that can be parameterized by a geometric mean (X) and a dispersion factor (S). When the ratio of successive Hb concentrations is used to estimate blood volume, normally distributed hemoglobin measurement errors tend to produce exponentially higher values of X and S as the SD of the measurement error increases. The longer tail of the distribution to the right could produce much greater overestimations than would be expected from the SD values of the measurement error; however, it was found that averaging duplicate and triplicate hemoglobin measurements on a blood sample greatly improved the accuracy.
Visual field defects and the risk of motor vehicle collisions among patients with glaucoma.

PURPOSE To evaluate the association between visual field defects in the central 24 degrees field and the risk of motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) among patients with glaucoma. METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted in patients with glaucoma aged 55 or more. Cases were patients who were involved in a police-reported motor vehicle collision (MVC) between January 1994 and June 2000; controls were those who had not experienced an MVC at the time of their selection. For each patient, an Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) score was calculated on automated visual fields collected with the 24-2 or 3-2 programs. RESULTS With respect to the better-eye AGIS score, compared with patients with no visual field defect, those with severe defects (scores 12-20) had an increased risk of an MVC (odds ratio [OR] 3.2, 95% CI 0.9-10.4), although the association was not statistically significant. Moderate (6-11) or minor field defects (1-5) in the better eye were not associated with the risk of involvement in a crash. In the worse eye, patients with moderate or severe field defects were at significantly increased risk of an MVC (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.4-9.4 and OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.6-12.4, respectively) compared with those with no defects. Minor field defects in the worse eye did not increase risk of MVC (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.5-3.4). CONCLUSIONS Patients with glaucoma who have moderate or severe visual field impairment in the central 24 degrees radius field in the worse-functioning eye are at increased risk of involvement in a vehicle crash.
Malware Dynamic Recompilation

Malware are more and more difficult to analyze, using conventional static and dynamic analysis tools, because they use commercially off-the-shelf specialized tools to protect their code. We present in this paper the bases of a multi-targets, generic and automatic binary rewriting tool adapted to the analysis of protected and potentially hostile binary programs. It implements an emulator and several specialized analysis functions to firstly observe the target program and its execution environment, and next extract and simplify its representation. This simplification is done through the use of a new and generic method of information extraction and de-obfuscation.
GDNF Receptors: Veterans and Novices

1. LITERATURE REVIEW 1 1.1. Growth factors and neurotrophic factors 1 1.2. GDNF family ligands 5 GFLs structure and receptor complexes 5 Biological effects and therapeutic potential of GFLs 6 1.3. GFLs receptors: GFR /RET receptor complex 8 Mechanism of RET activation 8 RET kinase domain 11 Downstream signaling 13 Lipid rafts and their role in GDNF signaling 14 RET as a dependence receptor 15 1.4. RET in disease 15 1.5. RET-independent GFLs signaling 17 Evidence for RET-independent GFLs signaling 17 Neural cell adhesion molecule is an alternative GFL receptor 18 1.6. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans 20 Syndecans 23 Role of HSPGs in GDNF-signaling? 24 Syndecans signaling 25 Syndecans in disease 26 2. AIMS OF THE STUDY 28 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 29 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 30 4.1. HSPG syndecan-3 is a novel GFL receptor 30 4.2. The structure of GDNF-GFR 1 complex 36 4.3. The putative structure of GDNF-GFR 1-RET complex 39 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 42 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 43 7. REFERENCES 45
Automatic quantitation of localized in vivo 1H spectra with LCModel

The LCModel method analyzes an in vivo spectrum as a Linear Combination of Model in vitro spectra from individual metabolite solutions. Complete model spectra, rather than individual resonances, are used in order to incorporate maximum prior information into the analysis. A nearly model‐free constrained regularization method automatically accounts for the baseline and lineshape in vivo without imposing a restrictive parameterized form on them. LCModel is automatic (non‐interactive) with no subjective input. Approximately maximum‐likelihood estimates of the metabolite concentrations and their uncertainties (Cramér‐Rao lower bounds) are obtained. LCModel analyses of spectra from users with fields from 1.5 to 9.4 T and a wide range of sequences, particularly with short TE, are used here to illustrate the capabilities and limitations of LCModel and proton MRS. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Abbreviations used: Ala alanine Asp aspartate Cr creatine GABA γ‐aminobutyric acid Glc glucose Gln glutamine Glu glutamate GPC glycerophosphocholine GSH glutathione Ins myo‐inositol Lac lactate NAA N‐acetylaspartate NAAG N‐acetylaspartylglutamate PC phosphocholine PCr phosphocreatine PE phosphoethanolamine Scyllo scyllo‐inositol S/N signal‐to‐noise ratio Tau taurine.
From Blind to Guided Audio Source Separation: How models and side information can improve the separation of sound

Audio is a domain where signal separation has long been considered as a fascinating objective, potentially offering a wide range of new possibilities and experiences in professional and personal contexts, by better taking advantage of audio material and finely analyzing complex acoustic scenes. It has thus always been a major area for research in signal separation and an exciting challenge for industrial applications.
Interacting to remember at multiple timescales: Coordination, collaboration, cooperation and culture in joint remembering

Everyday joint remembering, from family remembering around the dinner table to team remembering in the operating theatre, relies on the successful interweaving of multiple cognitive, bodily, social and material resources, anchored in specific cultural ecosystems. Such systems for joint remembering in social interactions are composed of processes unfolding over multiple but complementary timescales, which we distinguish for analytic purposes so as better to study their interanimation in practice: (i) faster, lower-level coordination processes of behavioral matching and interactional synchrony occurring at timescale t1; (ii) mid-range collaborative processes which re-evoke past experiences in groups, unfolding at timescale t2; (iii) cooperative processes involved in the transmission of memories over longer periods occurring at timescale t3; and (iv) cultural processes and practices operating within distributed socio-cognitive networks over evolutionary and historical timeframes, unfolding at timescale t4. In this paper we survey studies of how the processes operating across these overlapping and complementary timescales constitute joint remembering in social interactions. We describe coordination, collaboration, cooperation, and culture as complementary aspects of interacting to remember, which we consider as a complex phenomenon unfolding over multiple timescales (t1, t2, t3, t4).
A Novel Protocol for Energy Efficient Clustering for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

The Wireless sensor network (WSN) consisting of a large number of sensors are effective for gathering data in a variety of environments. Sensors are usually randomly deployed where battery replacement or recharge is difficult or even impossible to be performed. In this paper, we first completely analyze the basic distributed clustering routing protocol LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy). All classical schemes consider that all nodes are deployed with same amount of energy. Here we consider a heterogeneous medium, i.e. each node is provided with varying power levels called Heterogeneous - Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed Protocol (H-HEED). Heterogeneity can be implemented by various parameters here we consider node energy as the basic parameter. Transmitting data from each node of the sensor field may lead to high power consumption and unreliable network lifetime. In order to avoid this we go for clustering and election of cluster heads. Cluster head alone transmits the aggregate data of the cluster. The formation of the clusters and cluster head selection are done by comparing the residual energy of the individual in every round this improves the lifetime to a considerable level. Also we introduce a node scheduling scheme in HEED. The nodes are classified into ACTIVE and SLEEP nodes. A widely employed energy-saving technique is to place nodes in sleep mode, corresponding to low-power consumption as well as to reduce the operational capabilities. Finally the simulation result demonstrates that proposed work achieves longer lifetime and more effective data packets in comparison with the HEED and LEACH protocol. Index Terms— Heterogeneity, H-HEED, LEACH, Network Lifetime, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
The Search for Better Ways of Speaking about Culture, Identity and Values

This article aims to provide better metaphors for thinking and speaking about culture, identity and values. In terms of human behaviour, the words culture, identity and values are viewed as useful reifications which have allowed us to discuss human action in terms of nouns. However, the terms have been used over many years in various theoretical settings, in a great variety of metaphorical ways. As the process of human choice of action is investigated from fresh directions, including that of neurological studies, human behaviour may be profitably discussed in terms of process as well as content, and fresh metaphors are needed. A neurological mechanism has been proposed which permits us to classify, recognise and remember perceptions, and to label some with an emotional binary marker indicating good and bad, which promotes or inhibits neural activities and equips us to learn ways of acting appropriately in relation to the environment and situation. The content of this evaluated record of experiences is acquired through social learning, of which formal education is a communally agreed part. The question of why the underlying mechanism is not perceptible to us in our own lives and represented in discourse is considered. Suggestions are offered for the improvement of intercultural education using these understandings.
Self-selection of male circumcision clients and behaviors following circumcision in a service program in Uganda

Objectives:Sub-Saharan African countries have substantially scaled-up safe male circumcision (SMC) services. However, it is unclear whether services are reaching men most at risk of HIV and whether there is behavioral disinhibition after SMC. We compared characteristics of SMC acceptors and nonacceptors in Rakai, Uganda. Design:Cohort design. Methods:Through the Rakai Community Cohort Study, baseline characteristics of 587 non-Muslim men who subsequently accepted SMC were compared with those of 4907 uncircumcised non-Muslim men. Behaviors after SMC were compared with those of men who remained uncircumcised. Poisson multivariable regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence rate ratios of behaviors in circumcised versus uncircumcised men. Results:At baseline (pre-SMC), men subsequently circumcised were younger (mean = 26.1 years), as compared with the uncircumcised (mean = 28.5 years, P < 0.001), more likely to live in urban areas (21.1 versus 12.4%, P < 0.001), less likely to have been currently or previously married (36.5 versus 45.8%, P < 0.001) and more likely to report multiple sexual partners (48.3 versus 41.6%, P = 0.05) and genital discharge (7.4 versus 4.4%, P = 0.03). At follow-up (post-SMC), behaviors and genital discharge did not differ between the groups. Genital ulcers were less reported among circumcised (6.8%) compared with uncircumcised men (10.5%; adjusted prevalence rate ratios = 0.60, 95% confidence interval = 0.42–0.87, P = 0.007). Conclusion:In Rakai district, Uganda, the circumcision service program is attracting sexually active men at higher risk of HIV and we find no evidence of behavioral disinhibition following circumcision. The SMC program in this setting has the potential to reduce the HIV epidemic among men.
Exploring the Added Value of Women Health Care Managers in Poland

Introduction: Female managers in the Polish health care system are seldom a subject of scientific investigation. Material and Methods: This study describes the share and profile of women in health care management positions and explores how and why Polish female health care managers add value to the leadership of health care organizations. Three data collection methods were used including: scoping review, analysis of data from governmental information bases and in-depth interviews with female health care managers. Results: Men comprise nearly twice the number of hospital directors in Poland as compared to women, or 67% of the total representation. Traits often attributed to women including strength, perseverance, multi-tasking, empathy, emotional intelligence and intuition add value in leadership roles. Polish women managers value the complementarity of genders in professional roles and their contribution to constructive collaboration. Conclusion: The study contributes to the scarce literature on Polish female health care managers.
A Far Ultraviolet Archival Study of Cataclysmic Variables. I. FUSE and HST STIS Spectra of the Exposed White Dwarf in Dwarf Nova Systems

We present a synthetic spectral analysis of Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) and Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST STIS) spectra of five dwarf novae above and below the period gap during quiescence. We use our synthetic spectral code, including options for the treatment of the hydrogen quasi-molecular satellite lines (for low-temperature stellar atmospheres), non-LTE (NLTE) approximation (for high-temperature stellar atmospheres), and for one system (RU Peg) we model the interstellar medium (ISM) molecular and atomic hydrogen lines. In all the systems presented here the FUV flux continuum is due to the white dwarf (WD). These spectra also exhibit some broad emission lines. In this work we confirm some of the previous FUV analysis results, but we also present new results. For four systems we combine the FUSE and STIS spectra to cover a larger wavelength range and to improve the spectral fit. This work is part of our broader HST archival research program, in which we aim to provide accurate system parameters for cataclysmic variables above and below the period gap by combining FUSE and HST FUV spectra.
Altered top-down cognitive control and auditory processing in tinnitus: evidences from auditory and visual spatial stroop.

PURPOSE Tinnitus is the perception of a sound in the absence of external stimulus. Currently, the pathophysiology of tinnitus is not fully understood, but recent studies indicate that alterations in the brain involve non-auditory areas, including the prefrontal cortex. Here, we hypothesize that these brain alterations affect top-down cognitive control mechanisms that play a role in the regulation of sensations, emotions and attention resources. METHODS The efficiency of the executive control as well as simple reaction speed and processing speed were evaluated in tinnitus participants (TP) and matched control subjects (CS) in both the auditory and the visual modalities using a spatial Stroop paradigm. RESULTS TP were slower and less accurate than CS during both the auditory and the visual spatial Stroop tasks, while simple reaction speed and stimulus processing speed were affected in TP in the auditory modality only. CONCLUSIONS Tinnitus is associated both with modality-specific deficits along the auditory processing system and an impairment of cognitive control mechanisms that are involved both in vision and audition (i.e. that are supra-modal). We postulate that this deficit in the top-down cognitive control is a key-factor in the development and maintenance of tinnitus and may also explain some of the cognitive difficulties reported by tinnitus sufferers.
Nanoparticle-Mediated Pulmonary Drug Delivery: A Review

Colloidal drug delivery systems have been extensively investigated as drug carriers for the application of different drugs via different routes of administration. Systems, such as solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes, have been investigated for a long time for the treatment of various lung diseases. The pulmonary route, owing to a noninvasive method of drug administration, for both local and systemic delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) forms an ideal environment for APIs acting on pulmonary diseases and disorders. Additionally, this route offers many advantages, such as a high surface area with rapid absorption due to high vascularization and circumvention of the first pass effect. Aerosolization or inhalation of colloidal systems is currently being extensively studied and has huge potential for targeted drug delivery in the treatment of various diseases. Furthermore, the surfactant-associated proteins present at the interface enhance the effect of these formulations by decreasing the surface tension and allowing the maximum effect. The most challenging part of developing a colloidal system for nebulization is to maintain the critical physicochemical parameters for successful inhalation. The following review focuses on the current status of different colloidal systems available for the treatment of various lung disorders along with their characterization. Additionally, different in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo cell models developed for the testing of these systems with studies involving cell culture analysis are also discussed.
E-cadherin can limit the transforming properties of activating β-catenin mutations

Wnt pathway deregulation is a common characteristic of many cancers. Only colorectal cancer predominantly harbours mutations in APC, whereas other cancer types (hepatocellular carcinoma, solid pseudopapillary tumours of the pancreas) have activating mutations in β‐catenin (CTNNB1). We have compared the dynamics and the potency of β‐catenin mutations in vivo. Within the murine small intestine (SI), an activating mutation of β‐catenin took much longer to achieve Wnt deregulation and acquire a crypt‐progenitor cell (CPC) phenotype than Apc or Gsk3 loss. Within the colon, a single activating mutation of β‐catenin was unable to drive Wnt deregulation or induce the CPC phenotype. This ability of β‐catenin mutation to differentially transform the SI versus the colon correlated with higher expression of E‐cadherin and a higher number of E‐cadherin:β‐catenin complexes at the membrane. Reduction in E‐cadherin synergised with an activating mutation of β‐catenin resulting in a rapid CPC phenotype within the SI and colon. Thus, there is a threshold of β‐catenin that is required to drive transformation, and E‐cadherin can act as a buffer to sequester mutated β‐catenin.