Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approximating vertex cover on dense graphs

Although many problems in MAX-SNP admit a PTAS for dense graphs, that is not the case for Vertex Cover, which is MAX-SNP hard even for dense graphs. This paper presents a randomized approximation algorithm for Vertex Cover on dense graphs, i.e., graphs whose average degree <i>d</i> is Ω(<i>n</i>). (i) Our algorithm improves the best-known bound for the approximation factor by Karpinski and Zelikovsky. For example, our bound is 2/1 + d/2Δ for dense graphs such that |<i>E</i>| ≤ Δ(<i>n</i> - Δ) where Δ is the maximum degree. The improvement is especially large when <i>d</i> ≈ Δ; if <i>d</i> ≥ 2/3Δ for instance, our bound is at most 1.5 while the previous bound approaches to 2.0 as <i>n</i>/Δ increases. (ii) It achieves the same factor for a wider range of graphs, i.e., for the graphs whose Δ is Ω(<i>n</i> log log <i>n</i>/log <i>n</i>). (iii) It is probably optimal in the sense that if we can achieve a better approximation factor by Δ > 0 for the above range of graphs, then we can achieve a factor of 2 - Δ for general graphs.
Combining Global Models for Parsing Universal Dependencies

We describe our entry, C2L2, to the CoNLL 2017 shared task on parsing Universal Dependencies from raw text. Our system features an ensemble of three global parsing paradigms, one graph-based and two transition-based. Each model leverages character-level bi-directional LSTMs as lexical feature extractors to encode morphological information. Though relying on baseline tokenizers and focusing only on parsing, our system ranked second in the official end-to-end evaluation with a macro-average of 75.00 LAS F1 score over 81 test treebanks. In addition, we had the top average performance on the four surprise languages and on the small treebank subset.
Cargos and genes: insights into vesicular transport from inherited human disease

Many cellular functions depend on the correct delivery of proteins to specific intracellular destinations. Mutations that alter protein structure and disrupt trafficking of the protein (the “cargo”) occur in many genetic disorders. In addition, an increasing number of disorders have been linked to mutations in the genes encoding components of the vesicular transport machinery responsible for normal protein trafficking. We review the clinical phenotypes and molecular pathology of such inherited “protein-trafficking disorders”, which provide seminal insights into the molecular mechanisms of protein trafficking. Further characterisation of this expanding group of disorders will provide a basis for developing new diagnostic techniques and treatment strategies and offer insights into the molecular pathology of common multifactorial diseases that have been linked to disordered trafficking mechanisms.
Robust exponential convergence of hp FEM for singularly perturbed reaction–diffusion systems with multiple scales

We consider a coupled system of two singularly perturbed reaction–diffusion equations in one dimension. Associated with the two singular perturbation parameters 0 <e μ 1 are boundary layers of length scales O(e) and O(μ). We propose and analyse an hp finite element scheme which includes elements of size O(ep) and O(μp) near the boundary, where p is the degree of the approximating polynomials. We show that under the assumption of analytic input data, the method yields exponential rates of convergence, independently of e and μ and independently of the relative size of e to μ. In particular, the full range 0 <e μ 1 is covered by our analysis. Numerical computations supporting the theory are also presented.
The collapse of Bárðarbunga Caldera, Iceland

Lying below Vatnajokull ice cap in Iceland, Barðarbunga stratovolcano began experiencing wholesale caldera collapse in 2014 August 16, one of the largest such events recorded in the modern instrumental era. Simultaneous with this collapse is the initiation of a plate boundary rifting episode north of the caldera. Observations using the international constellation of radar satellites indicate rapid 50 cm d^(−1) subsidence of the glacier surface overlying the collapsing caldera and metre-scale crustal deformation in the active rift zone. Anomalous earthquakes around the rim of the caldera with highly nondouble-couple focal mechanisms provide a mechanical link to the dynamics of the collapsing magma chamber. A model of the collapse consistent with available geodetic and seismic observations suggests that the majority of the observed subsidence occurs aseismically via a deflating sill-like magma chamber.
Informing future learning designs in preservice teacher education through quantitative research: A primary science example

Reform documents have provided a framework for advancing science education (e.g., The Australian National Science Standard Committee, 2002), but omit the need to assess preservice teachers prior knowledge for designing effective learning programs. A pretest-posttest 34-item survey linked to the course outcomes (associated with four constructs) measured 66 third-year preservice teachers perceptions towards becoming primary science teachers. Effect sizes were educationally and statistically significant for each of the four constructs (i.e., Theory [d=1.08], Childrens development [d=1.60], Planning [d=1.17], Implementation [d=0.89]. Paired t-tests were also significant for the first three constructs; however posttest results revealed less than 90% of these participants disagreed or strongly disagreed with 4 of the 14 items associated with the fourth construct (i.e., Implementation). The results implied that the learning design for this course requires revision in areas where indicators were shown to be not significant. A pretest-posttest survey can aid in identifying preservice teachers prior knowledge for advancing tertiary coursework by catering for the learners needs.
Gravitational Field-Flow Fractionation Devices Fabricated via a Hot Embossing/Thermal Bonding Method

A novel hot embossing/low temperature ethanol solvent bonding method for the fabrication of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) field flow fractionation devices has been developed. The separation channel on a PMMA substrate was generated by a hot embossing process without vacuum. Special temperature-pressure profiles were used to analyze the influence of the hot embossing parameters. After the hot embossing process, ethanol solvent bonding was used to seal the separation channel on the PMMA substrate. The experimental results show that the bonding strength with ethanol solvent bonding at 35 °C (aspect ratio (depth/width): 0.043) is 3.05 MPa, and the deformation percentage is very low (0.54%). A burst pressure test indicated that the as-prepared PMMA gravitational field flow fractionation device has a very high burst pressure. Furthermore, the higher resolution of the as-prepared PMMA gravitational field flow fractionation device in the separation of wheat and starch particles shows that the hot embossing/low temperature ethanol solvent bonding technique will have potential commercial value.
A novel compact dual-band MIMO antenna for WLAN application

A novel dual-band MIMO antenna system designed with compact size and low complexity is proposed. The proposed system consists of a monopole antenna with decoupling network for improving the isolation. Details of the antenna design are shown. The simulated and measured results are compared and discussed. The proposed WLAN MIMO antenna have the isolations of about 20 dB at WLAN (802.11b&g 2400-2484 MHz) with close space distance 0.2 λ, about 15dB at WLAN (802.11a 5150-5825 MHz) 0.5 λ. The envelope correlation coefficients are maintained below 0.03 over the frequency band of WLAN. Return loss criterion (-10 dB) for required bandwidth has been satisfied.
Measuring teaching behaviors, lesson context, and physical activity in school physical education programs: Comparing the SOFIT and the C-SOFIT instruments

As the focus on health-related physical education increases, promoting physical activity leading to the development of physical fitness becomes an important component of school physical education programs. To determine the status and effect of teaching processes related to physical activity and fitness in physical education, it is necessary to have instrumentation that produces reliable, valid, and usable scores for the population in which they are used. The purpose of this study is to compare the data produced by the previously validated and often used System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT) instrument (McKenzie, Sallis, & Nader, 1991) with a computerized instrument, the Computer-SOFIT (C-SOFIT). The categories of the C-SOFIT instrument are exactly the same as those of the interval coding system, the SOFIT instrument. C-SOFIT is a duration coding instrument that was written in the C computer language and pilot tested in a number of classes with different coders to make it usable in physical.
A case series of aripiprazole augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treatment-refractory obsessive compulsive disorder

Abstract Objective. For the obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients refractory to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), atypical antipsychotics, such as risperidone, or olanzapine have been found effective in the augmentation of SSRIs. However these atypical antipsychotics may cause a number of safety concerns associated with body weight or metabolic changes. We sought to investigate the efficacy and safety of a novel atypical neuroleptic aripiprazole as an augmenting agent for the treatment-resistant OCD. Methods. Eleven patients who had previously been assessed as poorer responders (<10% reduction of Y-BOCS) to both adequate SSRI monotherapy such as fluvoxamine or paroxetine and the subsequent atypical antipsychotic augmentation of SSRIs were included in this study. The addition of aripiprazole to ongoing SSRIs was continued for at least 12 weeks in the subjects except for one who dropped out during the period. Results. The mean maximum daily dosage of aripiprazole in the completers was 10.9 ± 3.4 mg/day. Seven of 10 completers exhibited significant reduction of Y-BOCS (>35%) accompanying a few adverse events. Conclusions. This preliminary study supports the notion that adding aripiprazole to SSRIs could be a valid and effective strategy for treatment-resistant OCD patients. Thus it points towards the need of further controlled and longitudinal studies.
Environmental Risk, Uncertainty, and Participation: Mapping an Emergent Epistemic Community

Amid increasing interest in participatory forms of environmental appraisal and decision making, the actors shaping these new governance spaces remain understudied. This paper seeks to refocus accounts of public engagement in science onto these participatory appraisal experts, or ‘experts of community’, through drawing on in-depth empirical research that followed them through networks building up around participatory appraisal practice in the UK environmental-risk domain. A mapping of the general nature and character of this emerging epistemic community provides the context within which to analyse how it has evolved and has begun to influence policy processes in the area of radioactive waste. Prospects for studying networks of public engagement experts at the science–policy interface and wider implications for deliberative democracy under uncertainty are explored.
CAT scans, PET scans, and genomic scans

As we begin the long march toward genetic dissection of complex traits, it becomes necessary to develop optimum study designs and retool ourselves to face the emerging new challenges. Key issues pertaining to the design of genomic scans are reviewed, including: sampling unit, definition and refinement of phenotype, genotyping issues, one‐stage vs. Two‐stage strategies, sample size and power, and cost and feasibility. It is emphasized that false positives should not be minimized in isolation from the issue of false negatives. Striking a practical balance between the two error rates is suggested. In terms of future directions to pursue, three areas are suggested: meta‐analysis for pooling linkage results from multiple scans, rapid multivariate screening methods for increased power to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs), and classification and regression trees (CART) methodology for handling heterogeneity and interactions. Finally, three recommendations are proposed for genomic scans. First, so as to minimize false negatives for a fixed sample size, it is recommended that we tolerate/accept a reasonable rate of false positives, on average, one false positive per individual scan. Second, so as to enable the use of relatively strict significance levels for interpreting the results from a genomic scan, it is highly recommended that the sample size be derived based on a significance level of at most 0.01 (and not 0.05) and 90% power (and not 80%). Third, it is recommended that the stringent significance levels suggested by Lander and Kruglyak be used when pooling evidence from multiple genomic scans (and not at the level of individual scans). Genet. Epidemiol. 15:1–18,1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
QoS-sensitive routing for Real-time Multicasting

Multicast service with Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees is critical to commercial and real-time applications , such as telemedicine, video-conferencing, and virtual reality. The Internet is currently in the process of developing QoS architectures (e.g., Int-serv, Dii-serv) to support such applications. However, most multicast protocols, such as PIM and CBT, do not employ QoS-sensitive routing: they do not consider the QoS requirements of the user in computing the route. In this paper , we discuss the importance of QoS-sensitive routing for the support of real-time multicast applications. We show that the QoS-sensitive routing can improve the end-to-end performance signiicantly, in some cases almost tripling the number of satissed users. In addition , existing work shows that the QoS-sensitive routing for multicast can be implemented stably, eeciently and scalably. Therefore, we conclude that QoS-sensitive multicast routing should be considered in commercial networks.
DVCC based Readout Circuitry for Water Quality Monitoring System

new configuration realizing water quality monitoring device using ISFET involving CMOS differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) based low pass filter free from trans-conductance variation using Low-voltage PMOS bulk- driven cascade current mirror (P MOS BDCCM) current mirrors is proposed. The circuit uses four DVCCs as active elements and together with two capacitors and five resistors as passive elements, only one current mirror. The use of this active component makes the implementation simple and attractive. The functionality of the circuit is tested using Tanner simulator version 15 for a 70nm CMOS process model also the transfer function realization is done on MATLAB R2011a version, the Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware description language(VHDL) code for the same scheme is simulated on Xilinx ISE 10.1 and various simulation results are obtained. Simulation results are included to demonstrate the results. OTA's. These applications are suffer from low band widths (BW's) arising due to stray and circuit capacitances. Also the need for low voltage, low power circuits makes these circuits not suitable for water quality monitoring as these circuits required the minimum bias voltage depends on the threshold voltage of the MOSFETs. However, with the advancement in the analog VLSI new analog devices are based on currents are developed called current mode circuits (CMC's). These circuits have a significant advantage of low power, low voltages and can operate over wide dynamic range. These circuits, CMC can offer to the designer large bandwidths, greater linearity, wider dynamic range, simple circuitry and low power consumption. Current feedback op-amps (CFOAs), operational floating conveyors (OFCs) and current conveyors (CCs) etc. are popular CMC configuration and most widely used structure among them is DVCC, extension of the second- generation current conveyor (CCII). Hence, we decided to use the DVCC in the proposed scheme.
Dead zones and extrasolar planetary properties

Most low-mass protostellar discs evolve in clustered environments where they are affected by external radiation fields, while others evolve in more isolated star-forming regions. Assuming that the magnetorotational instability (MRI) is the main source of viscosity, we calculate the size of a poorly ionized, MRI inactive and hence low viscosity region – the ‘dead zone’– in these protostellar discs. We include disc ionization by X-rays, cosmic rays, radioactive elements and thermal collisions, recombination by molecules, metals and grains, as well as the effect of turbulence stimulation in the dead zone by the active layers lying above it. We also calculate the gap-opening masses of planets, which are determined by a disc's viscosity and a disc aspect ratio, for discs in these environments and compare them with each other. We find that the dead zone is a robust feature of the protostellar discs that is largely independent of their environment, typically stretching out to ∼15 au. We analyse the possible effects of dead zones on planet formation, migration and eccentricity evolution. We show that the gap-opening mass inside the dead zone is expected to be of the order of terrestrial and ice giant mass planets while that outside the dead zone is Jovian or super-Jovian mass planets, largely independent of the star-forming environment. We show that dead zones can significantly slow down both type I and type II planetary migration due to their lower viscosity. We also find that the growth of eccentricity of massive extrasolar planets is particularly favourable through the planet–disc interaction inside the dead zones due to the large gaps expected to be opened by planets.
Ethnic disparities in CPAP adherence in New Zealand: effects of socioeconomic status, health literacy and self-efficacy.

STUDY OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the influence of ethnicity on adherence with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in a sample of New Zealand patients. DESIGN Observational study over one month. SETTING A university-based sleep laboratory. PATIENTS 126 consecutively consenting CPAP-naïve patients (19.8% Māori, mean±SD apnea-hypopnea index 57.9 ± 38.9 events/h, CPAP 11.1 ± 3.1 cm H2O). INTERVENTIONS Patients underwent a 4-week supervised home trial of CPAP following pressure titration. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Self-identified ethnicity (Māori/non-Māori), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Self-Efficacy Measure for Sleep Apnea, Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, New Zealand Deprivation Index (calculated from residential address), New Zealand Individual Deprivation Index (validated 8-item questionnaire), educational history, income, and employment assessed at baseline were compared to objective CPAP adherence after one month. Māori demonstrated significantly lower usage than non-Māori (median 5.11, interquartile range 2.24 h/night compared with median 5.71, interquartile range 2.61 h/night, P = 0.05). There were no significant relationships between adherence and subjective sleepiness, health literacy, or self-efficacy. In a multivariate logistic regression model incorporating 5 variables (ethnicity, eligibility for government-subsidized healthcare, individual deprivation scores, income, and education), non-completion of tertiary education, and high individual socioeconomic deprivation remained significant independent predictors of average CPAP adherence not reaching ≥ 4 h (odds ratio 0.25, 95% CI 0.08-0.83, P = 0.02; odds ratio 0.10, 95% CI 0.02-0.86, P = 0.04, respectively). The overall model explained approximately 23% of the variance in adherence. CONCLUSIONS The disparity in CPAP adherence demonstrated between Māori and non-Māori can be explained in part by lower education levels and socioeconomic status.
Efficacy of ceftiofur for treatment of experimental salmonellosis in neonatal calves.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate therapeutic efficacy of a high extralabel dose of ceftiofur for treatment of experimental salmonellosis in neonatal calves. ANIMALS Forty-two 1- to 4-day-old Holstein bull calves. PROCEDURE 36 calves were orally challenged with Salmonella enteritica serovar Typhimurium (6.5 x 10(8) colony-forming units). Six additional calves were retained as nonmedicated nonchallenged control calves. Four days following Salmonella challenge, surviving calves were randomly allocated to ceftiofur-treated (5 mg/kg, IM, q 24 h) or nonmedicated control groups. Calves assigned to the treated group were medicated daily for 5 days starting on day 4 after challenge. Calves were monitored for 18 days following Salmonella challenge. Outcome assessments included clinical parameters (attitude, appetite, fecal characteristics, and rectal temperature), mortality rate, and quantitative Salmonella culture of fecal samples, mesenteric lymph nodes, and cecal contents. RESULTS Ceftiofur treatment was associated with a significant decrease in rectal temperature and diarrhea. Three of 15 medicated calves and 4 of 14 non-medicated calves died or were euthanatized between days 4 and 18. A significant decrease in fecal shedding of Salmonella organisms was observed in treated calves, compared with nonmedicated calves. Salmonella organisms were isolated from all 10 non-medicated calves at necropsy, whereas no Salmonella organisms were isolated from 5 of 12 medicated calves. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Treatment of salmonellosis in neonatal calves with a high extralabel dose of ceftiofur (5 mg/kg, IM, q 24 h) promotes animal welfare, reduces fecal shedding of Salmonella organisms, and may promote clearance of Salmonella infections when plasma ceftiofur concentrations are maintained above minimal inhibitory concentrations.
Immunohistochemical analysis of expression and allelotype of mismatch repair genes (hMLH1 and hMSH2) in bladder cancer

Mutation of human homologues of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes in tumours has been shown to be associated with the phenomenon of microsatellite instability (MSI). Several studies have reported the occurrence of MSI in bladder cancer, but evidence of involvement of MMR genes in the pathogenesis of this cancer is still unclear. We therefore utilized quantitative immunohistochemical (IHC) image analysis and PCR-based allelotype analysis to determine hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes alteration in a cohort of Egyptian bladder cancer samples. IHC analysis of 24 TCC and 12 SCC revealed marked- intra and intertumour heterogeneity in the levels of expression of the two MMR proteins. One TCC lost MLH1 expression and one lost MSH2, (1/24, 4%), and one SCC lost MSH2 (1/12, 8%). A large proportion of analysed tumours revealed a percentage positivity of less than 50% for MLH1 and MSH2 expression (44% and 69%, respectively). Complete loss of heterozygosity in three dinucleotide repeats lying within, or in close proximity to, hMLH1 and hMSH2 was rare (2/57, (4%) for MLH1; and 1/55, (2%) for MSH2), however allelic imbalance was detected in 11/57 (hMLH1) and 10/55 (hMSH2) at any of the informative microsatellite loci. These alterations in structure and expression of DNA MMR genes suggest their possible involvement in the tumorigenesis and/or progression of bladder cancer. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer. com
False Path Problem : Analyzing Hierarchical Designsof Sequential

Most existing path sensitizing algorithms are only available for at, combinational designs. We present a new dynamic path sensitizing algorithm for use in timing analysis of synchronous circuits. The algorithm processes hierarchical designs of sequential circuits. Edge triggered ippops are modeled using impulse gates. The algorithm is based on a set of sensitizing conditions which include the properties of impulse gates. We introduce a new concept to deal with hierarchical design by recursive processing steps, and to reuse hierarchical information.