Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy of Structured P2P Overlay Networks Security Attacks

The survey and classification of the different secu rity attacks in structured peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay ne tworks can be useful to computer system designers, programmers, administrators, and users. In this paper, we attempt to provide a t axonomy of structured P2P overlay networks security attacks. W e have specially focused on the way these attacks can arise at each level of the network. Moreover, we observed that most of the exi sting systems such as Content Addressable Network (CAN), Chord, Pastry, Tapestry, Kademlia, and Viceroy suffer from threats and vulnerability which lead to disrupt and corrupt their functioning . We hope that our survey constitutes a good help for who's working on this area of research. Keywords—P2P, Structured P2P Overlay Networks, DHT, Security, classification I. INTRODUCTION 2P networks systems have generated substantial inte rest in the last few years because the emergent of global s cale phenomena. As more and more users own powerful processors, large storage spaces and fast network c onnections, P2P networks represent an attractive way to mobiliz e these resources. They were designed to provide many services such as creating large scale data sharing, distributed c omputing, instant messages communication, collaborative appli cations, multi players games, and ad-hoc network. These popular services make P2P networks an attractive target for attackers. Knowing how systems have failed can help us build systems that resist failure (1). This paper collects and or ganizes a number of current security attacks that have caused failure in structured P2P overlay networks, so computer system designer, programmers, administrators, and users ma y do their work with a precise knowledge of what has gone before. Based on the overlay topology and the organization of the network connection different types of P2P networks have been defined as hierarchical P2P network, and flat P2P n etwork. In this paper, we will focus on hierarchical P2P netwo rk, more precisely on structured P2P overlay networks. Security attacks of structured P2P overlay network are any condition or circumstance that can threaten the bes t functioning of the system. To evaluate these attacks, an analyst must do a dee ply research, understand the system fluently, and recog nize that attacks may exist anywhere in the system.
Estimating Proper Communication Distance for Epidemic Routing in Japanese Urban Areas Using SNS-Based People Flow Data

In recent years, P2P-based mesh networks and Proximity-based Services have been attracted attention as an information-communication networking without relying onany centralized base-station equipment. Some communication protocols, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Wi-SUN, and WiGig havebeen already in use as the context of services in daily life. However, transmission ranges of these protocols vary among them. The longer its range becomes, the more a node canwidely transfer a message, but also the more it consumesits battery power. Therefore, for applying these protocols to Delay Tolerant Network (DTN), we need to estimate a proper communication distance to optimize network efficiency. For example, can Epidemic Routing, which is the most basic routing protocol in DTN, forward a message to almost all the mobile nodes like cars and humans in urban area within one day? This might be one of basic measures to determine a proper communication distance. In this paper, we investigate the proper communication distance for epidemic routing in major Japanese urban areas including Tokyo metropolitan, Chukyo, and Kansai areas. To mimic human mobility patterns, we use SNS-based people flow data which is an open-source dataset of pseudo human mobility generated by SNS check-in posts. Since the network connection between nodes stochastically changes because of their mobility and proximity conditions, the final size of nodes having the forwarded message by the end of one day behaves like a percolation-type transition with respect to the communication distance. Therefore, using logistic regression analysis, we first estimate the proper communication distance to find the inflection point where the final size drastically increases. Furthermore, by comparing all the estimated distances, we demonstrate a nonlinear scaling relation with the total number of user IDs. The relation implies that for today's prevailing wireless communication technologies, i.e., Bluetoothand Wi-Fi, their communication distances are too short tosuccessfully forward a message using epidemic routing.
Long-term results of new deproteinized bovine bone material in a maxillary sinus graft procedure

Purpose The aim of this case report is to present the longitudinal results of sinus grafting using a new demineralized bovine bone material (DBBM) in human cases. Methods A patient with a resorbed maxilla was treated by maxillary sinus grafting using a new deproteinized bovine bone material. After a healing period of 6.5 months, three implants were placed and restored. The patient was periodically recalled and followed up for 5 years after restoration. Results Twelve partially edentulous patients (average age, 55.7 years) were followed up. All patients had insufficient residual height in their maxillary posterior area and underwent maxillary sinus graft surgery to increase the height of their maxilla. In all, 27 fixtures were placed in the augmented bone area. On average, 8.6 months later, implants were loaded using provisional or final restorations. The observation period ranged from 27 to 75 months (average, 43.3 months), and the patients did not show any severe resorption of the graft material or any infection during this time. Conclusions Our results show that the new DBBM is useful for a maxillary sinus graft procedure. Good healing responses as well as reliable results were obtained for an average follow-up period of 43.3 months. Graphical Abstract
Lossy-To-Lossless Block-Based Compression of Hyperspectral Volumetric Data

We propose a wavelet based coding algorithm supporting random ROI access for hyperspectral images. Hyperspectral image users often are interested in only partial regions of the image datacube. It will reduce the consumption of memory and computational resources if users can identify and reconstruct only the region-of-interest (ROI). Based on the characteristic of the 3D wavelet tree structure, the proposed algorithm groups the wavelet coefficients according to their relationship with ROIs. The new algorithm is also resolution scalable. We demonstrate that comparing to non-ROI retrievable coding algorithm, our algorithm provides higher quality ROI reconstruction even at a low bit budget.
Performance and Energy Efficiency Tradeoffs of Storage Class Memory

The traditional mobile consumer electronics such as media players and smart phones use two distinct memories, SDRAM and Flash memory. SDRAM is used as main memory since it has characteristic of byte-unit random accessibility while Flash memory as secondary storage due to its characteristic of non-volatility. However, the advent of Storage Class Memory (SCM) that supports both SDRAM and Flash memory characteristics gives an opportunity to design a new system configuration. In this paper, we explore four feasible system configurations, namely RAM-Flash, RAM-SCM, SCM-Flash and SCM-Only. Then, using a real embedded system equipped with FeRAM, a type of SCM, we analyze the tradeoffs between performance and energy efficiency of each configuration. Experimental results have shown that SCM has great potential to reduce energy consumption for all configurations while performance is highly application dependent and might be degraded on the SCM-Flash and SCM-Only configuration.
A fast and reliable planar registration method with applications to document stitching

This paper presents a fast and extremely robust feature-based method for planar registration of partly overlapping images that uses a twostage robust tting approach comprising a fast estimation of a transformation hypothesis (that we show is highly likely to be correct) followed by a con rmation and re nement stage. The method is particularly suited for automatic stitching of oversize documents scanned in two or more parts. We show simulations, also supported by practical experiments, that prove both the robustness and computational eAEciency of the approach.
Multi-Wire Electrical Discharge Slicing for Silicon Carbide

In this paper, we propose a new wafer slicing method for silicon carbide(SiC). SiC is well-known as a difficult-to-cut material, and a conventional slicing via multi-wire saw becomes more difficult with increasing ingot size. To solve this problem, the multi-wire electrical discharge slicing (EDS) method is applied to 100 mm-square SiC polycrystalline block. We successfully obtained the average thickness of 385 μm for nine sliced plates by ten-wires EDS. The thickness variation was measured to be less than 11.2 μm. This is the first demonstration of ten-wires EDS for 100 mm-square SiC material.
Nanoparticulate Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing

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Molecular Population Genetics of the SRK and SCR Self-Incompatibility Genes in the Wild Plant Species Brassica cretica (Brassicaceae)

Self-incompatibility (SI) in plants is a classic example of a trait evolving under strong frequency-dependent selection. As a consequence, population genetic theory predicts that the S locus, which controls SI, should maintain numerous alleles, display a high level of nucleotide diversity, and, in structured populations, show a lower level of among-population differentiation compared to neutral loci. Population-level investigations of DNA sequence variation at the S locus have recently been carried out in the genus Arabidopsis, largely confirming results from theoretical models of S-locus evolutionary dynamics, but no comparable studies have been done in wild Brassica species. In this study, we sequenced parts of the S-locus genes SRK and SCR, two tightly linked genes that are directly involved in the determination of SI specificity in samples from four natural populations of the wild species Brassica cretica. The amount and distribution of nucleotide diversity, as well as the frequency spectrum of putative functional haplotypes, observed at the S locus in B. cretica fit very well with expectations from theoretical models, providing strong evidence for frequency-dependent selection acting on the S locus in a wild Brassica species.
"CU-move" : analysis & corpus development for interactive in-vehicle speech systems

In this paper, we present our recent work in the analysis and formulation of a new acoustic speech corpus for developing in-vehicle interactive systems for route planning and navigation. The CU-Move Corpus development is partitioned into two phases: [I] acoustic noise collection and analysis across vehicles, and [II] data collection consisting of +1000 speakers from across the United States. We present results from Phase I acoustic noise data analysis across vehicles to determine guidelines for Phase II large-scale data collection using a single vehicle type. A total of 14 noise conditions are identified for analysis across 6 vehicles. We also present our plan for Phase II collection including speakers, dialect regions, data collection hardware, prompts and dialog domains. Since previous studies in speech recognition have shown significant loses in performance when speakers are under task stress, it is important to develop conversational systems that minimize operator stress for the driver. This will be the first U.S. based corpus of its kind consisting of multichannel data, intended for use in developing mixed-initiative dialog speech systems; the initial application being route planning and navigation through a wireless information retrieval sub-system connected to the WWW.
On the Benefits of Relays in a Metropolitan Area Network

The main motivation to deploy fixed wireless relays in a wireless communication system is to save costs while achieving a similar or better service level and coverage than with a base station only deployment. In this paper we study both aspects for a cellular network in a metropolitan area, modeled by the well known Manhattan grid. First, we show that a relay deployment can significantly increase the coverage area compared to a base station only deployment of similar cost. Secondly, we compare the performance and cost of selected BS only and relay deployments. The results show that for the given target performance a relay deployment is the most cost efficient deployment option.
The evolution of trade‐offs: where are we?

Trade‐offs are a core component of many evolutionary models, particularly those dealing with the evolution of life histories. In the present paper, we identify four topics of key importance for studies of the evolutionary biology of trade‐offs. First, we consider the underlying concept of ‘constraint’. We conclude that this term is typically used too vaguely and suggest that ‘constraint’ in the sense of a bias should be clearly distinguished from ‘constraint’ in the sense of proscribed combinations of traits or evolutionary trajectories. Secondly, we address the utility of the acquisition–allocation model (the ‘Y‐model’). We find that, whereas this model and its derivatives have provided new insights, a misunderstanding of the pivotal equation has led to incorrect predictions and faulty tests. Thirdly, we ask how trade‐offs are expected to evolve under directional selection. A quantitative genetic model predicts that, under weak or short‐term selection, the intercept will change but the slope will remain constant. Two empirical tests support this prediction but these are based on comparisons of geographic populations: more direct tests will come from artificial selection experiments. Finally, we discuss what maintains variation in trade‐offs noting that at present little attention has been given to this question. We distinguish between phenotypic and genetic variation and suggest that the latter is most in need of explanation. We suggest that four factors deserving investigation are mutation‐selection balance, antagonistic pleiotropy, correlational selection and spatio‐temporal variation, but as in the other areas of research on trade‐offs, empirical generalizations are impeded by lack of data. Although this lack is discouraging, we suggest that it provides a rich ground for further study and the integration of many disciplines, including the emerging field of genomics.
Conceptualizing Birkhoff's Aesthetic Measure Using Shannon Entropy and Kolmogorov Complexity

In 1928, George D. Birkhoff introduced the Aesthetic Measure, defined as the ratio between order and complexity, and, in 1965, Max Bense analyzed Birkhoff's measure from an information theory point of view. In this paper, the concepts of order and complexity in an image (in our case, a painting) are analyzed in the light of Shannon entropy and Kolmogorov complexity. We also present a new vision of the creative process: the initial uncertainty, obtained from the Shannon entropy of the repertoire (palette), is transformed into algorithmic information content, defined by the Kolmogorov complexity of the image. From this perspective, the Birkhoff's Aesthetic Measure is presented as the ratio between the algorithmic reduction of uncertainty (order) and the initial uncertainty (complexity). The measures proposed are applied to several works of Mondrian, Pollock, and van Gogh.
Microarray-Based Analysis of Microbial Community RNAs by Whole-Community RNA Amplification

ABSTRACT A new approach, termed whole-community RNA amplification (WCRA), was developed to provide sufficient amounts of mRNAs from environmental samples for microarray analysis. This method employs fusion primers (six to nine random nucleotides with an attached T7 promoter) for the first-strand synthesis. The shortest primer (T7N6S) gave the best results in terms of the yield and representativeness of amplification. About 1,200- to 1,800-fold amplification was obtained with amounts of the RNA templates ranging from 10 to 100 ng, and very representative detection was obtained with 50 to 100 ng total RNA. Evaluation with a Shewanella oneidensis Δfur strain revealed that the amplification method which we developed could preserve the original abundance relationships of mRNAs. In addition, to determine whether representative detection of RNAs can be achieved with mixed community samples, amplification biases were evaluated with a mixture containing equal quantities of RNAs (100 ng each) from four bacterial species, and representative amplification was also obtained. Finally, the method which we developed was applied to the active microbial populations in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor used for denitrification of contaminated groundwater and ethanol-stimulated groundwater samples for uranium reduction. The genes expressed were consistent with the expected functions of the bioreactor and groundwater system, suggesting that this approach is useful for analyzing the functional activities of microbial communities. This is one of the first demonstrations that microarray-based technology can be used to successfully detect the activities of microbial communities from real environmental samples in a high-throughput fashion.
MEME Suite: tools for motif discovery and searching

The MEME Suite web server provides a unified portal for online discovery and analysis of sequence motifs representing features such as DNA binding sites and protein interaction domains. The popular MEME motif discovery algorithm is now complemented by the GLAM2 algorithm which allows discovery of motifs containing gaps. Three sequence scanning algorithms—MAST, FIMO and GLAM2SCAN—allow scanning numerous DNA and protein sequence databases for motifs discovered by MEME and GLAM2. Transcription factor motifs (including those discovered using MEME) can be compared with motifs in many popular motif databases using the motif database scanning algorithm Tomtom. Transcription factor motifs can be further analyzed for putative function by association with Gene Ontology (GO) terms using the motif-GO term association tool GOMO. MEME output now contains sequence LOGOS for each discovered motif, as well as buttons to allow motifs to be conveniently submitted to the sequence and motif database scanning algorithms (MAST, FIMO and Tomtom), or to GOMO, for further analysis. GLAM2 output similarly contains buttons for further analysis using GLAM2SCAN and for rerunning GLAM2 with different parameters. All of the motif-based tools are now implemented as web services via Opal. Source code, binaries and a web server are freely available for noncommercial use at http://meme.nbcr. net.
Identification of novel antifungal lead compounds through pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, molecular docking, antimicrobial evaluation, and gastrointestinal permeation studies

Identification of novel antifungal lead compounds through pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, molecular docking, antimicrobial evaluation, and gastrointestinal permeation studies Aarti Singh, Sarvesh Paliwal*, Mukta Sharma, Anupama Mittal, Swapnil Sharma, Neetika Tripathi and Amita Tilak Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan 304022, India; Department of Pharmacy, GSVM Medical College, Swaroop Nagar, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
Business Process Generation by Leveraging Complete Search over a Space of Activities and Process Goals

An efficient and flexible business process not only helps an organization to meet the requirements of the evolving surroundings but also may facilitate a competitive advantage over other companies towards delivering the desired services. This is even more critical for an emerging paradigm like cloud based deployment. In this paper, we introduce a novel mechanism to generate the business process suitable for specific organizations. The approach provides an automated way to build the possible business processes for a given set of tasks that fulfills the goal and satisfies the constraints of an organization. In step 1, we show how to generate the finite space of all possible designs for a given set of tasks. Secondly, we accumulate the effect of each step to deduce the final effect of each possible process design and to ensure that the redesigned set of steps still realizes the service goal. The designs not meeting the service goals are eliminated from the space. In step 3, the rest of the designs are checked for the constraint satisfaction subject to some specific cases. The framework provides a comprehensive, both syntactically and semantically correct, consistent business process generation methodology that adheres to the target business goals and constraints.
Noisy Radial-blurred Images Restoration Using the BM3D Frames

BM3D frames based formulation provides new perspectives for the use of BM3D modeling in the circular shift-invariant reconstruction, but cannot be applied in the non-variant reconstruction. In order to solve this problem, a ra- dial blur physical model was established, in this paper rectangular block replaced sector block in rectangular coordinate image, the matching area and restoration coefficient regulation were established to improve the BM3D frames and to complete the radial image restoration. The results show that the sector block was matching in neighbor area, the radial blur image can be effectively recovered, and the effect is obviously better than RL-NL and RL-TV methods or other resto- ration methods.