Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Processor Management Techniques for Mesh-Connected Multiprocessors

This paper investigates various processor management techniques for improving the performance of mesh-connected multiprocessors. Three diierent techniques are analyzed. First, we use the smallest job rst (SJF) policy to improve the spatial parallelism in a mesh. Next, a policy called multitasking and multi-programming (M 2) is introduced. The M 2 scheme allows multiprogramming of jobs on various submeshes. Finally, a novel approach, called \limit allocation" is used for job allocation. With this policy, a job (sub-mesh) size is reduced if the job cannot be allocated. While all of the three approaches are viable alternatives , which in conjunction with any allocation algorithm can improve system performance beyond what is achievable with a complex allocation scheme and the usually assumed FCFS scheduling, the M 2 and limit allocation techniques are especially attractive for providing some additional features. The M 2 policy brings in the concept of time-sharing execution for better ef-ciency and the limit allocation shows how job size restriction can be beneecial for performance and fault-tolerance in a mesh topology. Moreover, the limit allocation scheme can outperform any other approach even using the simplest allocation policy.
The asymmetric distribution of the constituents of the Ran system is essential for transport into and out of the nucleus

The GTPase Ran is essential for nuclear import of proteins with a classical nuclear localization signal (NLS). Ran's nucleotide‐bound state is determined by the chromatin‐bound exchange factor RCC1 generating RanGTP in the nucleus and the cytoplasmic GTPase activating protein RanGAP1 depleting RanGTP from the cytoplasm. This predicts a steep RanGTP concentration gradient across the nuclear envelope. RanGTP binding to importin‐β has previously been shown to release importin‐α from ‐β during NLS import. We show that RanGTP also induces release of the M9 signal from the second identified import receptor, transportin. The role of RanGTP distribution is further studied using three methods to collapse the RanGTP gradient. Nuclear injection of either RanGAP1, the RanGTP binding protein RanBP1 or a Ran mutant that cannot stably bind GTP. These treatments block major export and import pathways across the nuclear envelope. Different export pathways exhibit distinct sensitivities to RanGTP depletion, but all are more readily inhibited than is import of either NLS or M9 proteins, indicating that the block of export is direct rather than a secondary consequence of import inhibition. Surprisingly, nuclear export of several substrates including importin‐α and ‐β, transportin, HIV Rev and tRNA appears to require nuclear RanGTP but may not require GTP hydrolysis by Ran, suggesting that the energy for their nuclear export is supplied by another source.
Region Topology Based Route Design for Multiple Ferries in DTNs

In Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), message ferries exploit controlled mobility to forward messages following specific routes. One of the key challenges is how to design ferry routes to achieve desired connectivity properties and store-and-forward performance. There are some attempts at designing appropriate ferry routes, but the region topology, which denotes the adjacency relationships of ferry regions and affects the message forwarding efficiency among different ferry regions, has not been draw attention. The concept of ferry region indicates the region which a ferry route covers. In this paper, we concentrate on the Region Topology based Route Design (RTRD) for multiple ferries. RTRD dose not design the details of specific routes for each ferry independently, instead, it focuses on the interactivity of neighbor-ferries and aims to get appropriate region topologies of ferries. We analyze message delivery delay and buffer requirement in typical region topologies - Grid, Cellular and Wheel. The results show that the region topology has a significant impact on network performance, and with given performance requirements, an appropriate region topology should be chosen before designing the route details of ferries.
Transaction Processing in Mobile Computing Using Semantic Properties

Transaction processing is of growing importance for mobile computing. Booking tickets, flight reservation, banking,ePayment, and booking holiday arrangements are just a few examples for mobile transactions. Due to temporarily disconnected situations the synchronisation and consistent transaction processing are key issues. Serializability is a too strong criteria for correctness when the semantics of a transaction is known. We introduce a transaction model that allows higher concurrency for a certain class of transactions defined by its semantic. The transaction results are”escrow serializable” and the synchronisation mechanism is non-blocking. Experimental implementation showed higher concurrency, transaction throughput, and less resources used than common locking or optimistic protocols.
Enterprising talk: a case of self construction

Purpose – This paper presents a case study that explores the experiences and sensemaking of a new start entrepreneur in New Zealand. The primary aim of the case was to theorise new entrepreneurs' sensemaking about risk in order to provide a framework for further study.Design/methodology/approach – Data for the case were gathered using a semi‐structured interview technique. These data were then coded and analysed using an approach inspired by grounded theory. As the purpose was to examine both what the subject said about her entrepreneurial experience and the conceptual frameworks she drew upon to do this, the analysis integrated techniques employed in discourse analysis and educational psychology.Findings – The analysis produced a theoretical model that suggests the entrepreneur's perceptions of self shaped the perception of risk and then structured the way in which risks were addressed or avoided.Practical implications – This case and the questions that the theoretical model raises have significant impli.
Microblog Retrieval for Disaster Relief: How To Create Ground Truths?

Microblogging services like Twitter are an important source of real-time information during disasters and can be utilized to aid rescue, relief and rehabilitation efforts. The focus of this work is on the creation of gold standard data for automatic retrieval of helpful tweets. Using various experiments on the gold standard data prepared in the FIRE 2016 Microblog Track [3], we show that the gold standard data prepared in [3] missed many relevant tweets. We also demonstrate that using a machine learning model can help in retrieving the remaining relevant tweets by training an SVM model on a subset of the data and using it to get the most useful tweets in the entire dataset. We obtain high precision and recall even with very little training data, which makes such a model suitable for use in a real-time disaster situation.
Cartography of Pathway Signal Perturbations Identifies Distinct Molecular Pathomechanisms in Malignant and Chronic Lung Diseases

Lung diseases are described by a wide variety of developmental mechanisms and clinical manifestations. Accurate classification and diagnosis of lung diseases are the bases for development of effective treatments. While extensive studies are conducted toward characterization of various lung diseases at molecular level, no systematic approach has been developed so far. Here we have applied a methodology for pathway-centered mining of high throughput gene expression data to describe a wide range of lung diseases in the light of shared and specific pathway activity profiles. We have applied an algorithm combining a Pathway Signal Flow (PSF) algorithm for estimation of pathway activity deregulation states in lung diseases and malignancies, and a Self Organizing Maps algorithm for classification and clustering of the pathway activity profiles. The analysis results allowed clearly distinguish between cancer and non-cancer lung diseases. Lung cancers were characterized by pathways implicated in cell proliferation, metabolism, while non-malignant lung diseases were characterized by deregulations in pathways involved in immune/inflammatory response and fibrotic tissue remodeling. In contrast to lung malignancies, chronic lung diseases had relatively heterogeneous pathway deregulation profiles. We identified three groups of interstitial lung diseases and showed that the development of characteristic pathological processes, such as fibrosis, can be initiated by deregulations in different signaling pathways. In conclusion, this paper describes the pathobiology of lung diseases from systems viewpoint using pathway centered high-dimensional data mining approach. Our results contribute largely to current understanding of pathological events in lung cancers and non-malignant lung diseases. Moreover, this paper provides new insight into molecular mechanisms of a number of interstitial lung diseases that have been studied to a lesser extent.
Improved repetitive controller for active power filter

In order to eliminate a certain type of harmonics in power grid, this paper presents a novel compound controller to improve the performance of active power filter (APF) based on synchronous frame. The proposed controller can work effectively with the help of a proportional-integral (PI) control and an advanced repetitive controller. By optimizing the internal model of the repetitive controller, the controller can deal with the current from grid directly, which simplifies the APF system dramatically. Because there is no need to add extra sensors and the APF system does not require a harmonic detector. Moreover, the proposed controller which has a shorter convergence time for its smaller repetitive period can eliminate the harmonics faster than the traditional one. And its repetitive cycle is only one-sixth as that of the traditional. In addition, thanks to an advanced voltage phase collector, the voltage phase collected from the grid becomes more accurate, which improves the compensation performance of APF. The controller design algorithm is also given in detail. Theoretical analysis and results obtained by simulations validate the superiority of the proposed controller.
The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)

This paper presents an overview of the World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and a discussion of the methodological research on which the development of the instrument was based. The WMH‐CIDI includes a screening module and 40 sections that focus on diagnoses (22 sections), functioning (four sections), treatment (two sections), risk factors (four sections), socio‐demographic correlates (seven sections), and methodological factors (two sections). Innovations compared to earlier versions of the CIDI include expansion of the diagnostic sections, a focus on 12‐month as well as lifetime disorders in the same interview, detailed assessment of clinical severity, and inclusion of information on treatment, risk factors, and consequences. A computer‐assisted version of the interview is available along with a direct data entry software system that can be used to keypunch responses to the paper‐and‐pencil version of the interview. Computer programs that generate diagnoses are also available based on both ICD‐10 and DSM‐IV criteria. Elaborate CD‐ROM‐based training materials are available to teach interviewers how to administer the interview as well as to teach supervisors how to monitor the quality of data collection. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
k-Anonymization with Minimal Loss of Information

The technique of k-anonymization allows the releasing of databases that contain personal information while ensuring some degree of individual privacy. Anonymization is usually performed by generalizing database entries. We formally study the concept of generalization, and propose three information-theoretic measures for capturing the amount of information that is lost during the anonymization process. The proposed measures are more general and more accurate than those that were proposed by Meyerson and Williams and Aggarwal et al. We study the problem of achieving k-anonymity with minimal loss of information. We prove that it is NP-hard and study polynomial approximations for the optimal solution. Our first algorithm gives an approximation guarantee of O(ln k) for two of our measures as well as for the previously studied measures. This improves the best-known O(k)-approximation in. While the previous approximation algorithms relied on the graph representation framework, our algorithm relies on a novel hypergraph representation that enables the improvement in the approximation ratio from O(k) to O(ln k). As the running time of the algorithm is O(n2k}), we also show how to adapt the algorithm in in order to obtain an O(k)-approximation algorithm that is polynomial in both n and k.
Trajectoires développementales et individuelles de la transition vers la communication symbolique

Entre 10 et 24 mois, un enfant progresse typiquement d’une communication qui use de signaux conventionnels (gestuels et verbaux) a l’utilisation de mots et de phrases pour exprimer les significations. Dans une etude anterieure (Camaioni et al. sous presse) nous avons etudie cette transition en analysant les formats [1] partages entre mere et enfant et les actes de l’enfant, et nous avons mis en evidence des trajectoires developpementales claires. On peut interpreter la sequence developpementale dans le sens ou les formats conventionnels et les gestes representationnels etablissent un “ pont ” entre la communication attentionnelle et la communication symbolique. Dans l’etude presentee ici, six dyades mere-enfant ont ete observees de facon repetee sur toute la seconde annee, utilisant une methodologie a cas multiples. A travers l’etude detaillee de ces cas individuels, nous confirmons sur un echantillon plus grand les trajectoires developpementales rapportees anterieurement. De plus nous avons etabli une relation developpementale entre les formats mere-enfant et les actes de communication de celui-ci, les formats conventionnels presentant un accroissement et un plafond dans la periode precedant le veritable debut de l’augmentation du nombre de mots et de formats symboliques. Les donnees indiquent des parcours similaires entre les enfants pour certaines dimensions alors que pour d’autres ils sont clairement differencies.
Early detection of developmental hip dysplasia: synopsis of the AAP Clinical Practice Guideline.

1. Michael J. Goldberg, MD* 1. 2. *Tufts University School of Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA. This article provides a summary of the practice parameter of early detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip. The reader is urged to refer to the original document for a more thorough presentation. (1) Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the preferred term to describe the condition in which the femoral head has an abnormal relationship to the acetabulum. DDH encompasses frank dislocation (luxation), partial dislocation (subluxation), instability wherein the femoral head moves in and out of the socket, and an array of radiographic abnormalities that reflect inadequate formation of the acetabulum. Because many of these findings may not be present at birth, the term “developmental” more accurately reflects the biologic features than does the term “congenital. ” DDH may occur in utero, perinatally, or during infancy and childhood. The disorder is uncommon. Treatment is simpler and more effective when the dislocation is detected early. Despite newborn screening programs, dislocated hips continue to be diagnosed later in infancy and childhood. Late detection often delays appropriate therapy and frequently leads to a malpractice claim. The true incidence of DDH can only be presumed. There is no gold standard for diagnosis among newborns. Physical examination, plane radiography, and ultrasonography all are fraught with false-positive and false-negative results. The reported incidence of DDH is influenced by genetic and racial factors, diagnostic criteria, the experience and training of the examiner, and the age of the child at the time of examination. Some newborn screening surveys suggest evidence of instability in as many as 1 in 100 newborns and 1 to 1.5 cases of dislocation per 1,000 newborns. Regardless of the screening method used for the newborn, DDH is detected in 1 of 5,000 infants at 18 months of age. The object of this guideline is to reduce the number of dislocated hips detected …
Recent Insights into Spindle Function in Mammalian Oocytes and Early Embryos1

ABSTRACT Errors in chromosome segregation in oocytes and early embryos lead to embryo aneuploidy, which contributes to early pregnancy loss. At the heart of chromosome segregation is the spindle, a dynamic biomechanical machine fashioned from microtubules, which is tasked with gathering and sorting chromosomes and dispatching them to the daughter cells at the time of cell division. Understanding the causes of segregation error in the oocyte and early embryo will undoubtedly hinge on a thorough understanding of the mechanism of spindle assembly and function in these highly specialized cellular environments. The recent advent of live imaging approaches to observe chromosome segregation in real-time in oocytes and embryos, paired with gene-silencing techniques and specific inhibition for assessing the function of a protein of interest, has led to a substantial advance in our understanding of chromosome segregation in early mammalian development. These studies have uncovered numerous mechanistic differences between oocytes, embryos, and traditional model systems. In addition, a flurry of recent studies using naturally aged mice as the model for human aging have begun to shed light on the increased levels of aneuploidy seen in embryos from older mothers. Here we review these recent developments and consider what has been learned about the causes of chromosome missegregation in early development.
Attending to the spiritual through the teaching of science: a study of pre‐service primary teachers’ attitudes

Analysis of the attitudes of 140 pre‐service primary teachers, and of extended interviews with 15 of these prospective teachers, indicates differences in the ways pre‐service teachers use science in their heuristic reasoning and their ability and/or willingness to include a spiritual dimension in their science teaching. These differences were a reflection of neither the prospective teachers’ formal scientific training nor their personal religious faiths – both factors have been found to make little difference. Rather, they are indicative of how their personal conceptual frameworks emanate and influence their teaching approaches. Most are clearly able to engage with science’s spiritual component: an appreciation of the need for individual humility and recognition that scientific understanding is the result of a shared, collective endeavour. Despite most prospective teachers being neither hostile to the thought of addressing spiritual issues during their teaching of science nor totally convinced of its importance, they are also largely ignorant of the possibility, never mind the potential benefits, of its inclusion.
Array Redistribution in ScaLAPACK Using PVM

Linear algebra on distributed-memory parallel computers raises the problem of data distribution of matrices and vectors among the processes. Block-cyclic distribution works well for most algorithms. The block size must be chosen carefully, however, in order to achieve good efficiency and good load balancing. This choice depends heavily on each operation; hence, it is essential to be able to go from one distribution to another very quickly. We present here the algorithms implemented in the ScaLAPACK library, and we discuss timing results on a network of workstations and on a Cray T3D using PVM.
Prebisch-Singer Redux

In light of ongoing concern about commodity specialization in Latin America, this paper revisits the argument of Prebisch (1950) that, over the long term, declining terms of trade would frustrate the development goals of the region. This paper has two main objectives. The first is to clarify the issues raised by Prebisch and Singer (1950), as they relate the commodity specialization of developing countries (and Latin America in particular). The second is to reconsider empirically the issue of trends in commodity prices, using recent data and techniques. We show that rather than a downward trend, real primary prices over the last century have experienced one or more abrupt shifts, or "structural breaks," downwards. The preponderance evidence points to a single break in 1921, with no trend, positive or negative, before or since.
Personal Translator at WMT2011

This paper presents the Linguatec submission to the WMT 2011 sixth workshop on statistical machine translation. It describes the architecture of our machine translation system 'Personal Translator' (hereinafter also referred to as PT), developed by Linguatec, which is a rule-based translation system, enriched by statistical approaches. We participate for the German-English translation direction. For the current submission we have chosen the latest commercial version of the system, PT14. The translation quality improvement for the submission was done mainly by lexicon tuning: detection of unknown words, extracting of possible translations, partly from the wmt11 training corpora, and enlarging the lexicon by manually coding the chosen transfer candidates.
Prospective Study of Microalbuminuria as Predictor of Mortality in NIDDM

Retrospective studies of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) have suggested that microalbuminuria predicts early all-cause (mainly cardiovascular) mortality independently of arterial blood pressure. These findings have not been confirmed in prospective studies, and it is not known whether the predictive power of microalbuminuria is independent of other major cardiovascular risk factors. During 1985–1987, we examined a representative group of 141 nonproteinuric patients with NIDDM for the prevalence of coronary heart disease and several of its established and putative risk factors, including raised urinary albumin excretion (UAE) rate. Thirty-six patients had microalbuminuria (UAE 20–200 μg/min), and 105 had normal UAE (< 20 μg/min). At follow-up, an average of 3.4 yr later, 14 patients had died. There was a highly significant excess mortality (chiefly from cardiovascular disease) among those with microalbuminuria (28%) compared to those without microalbuminuria (4%, P < 0.001). In univariate survival analysis, significant predictors of all-cause mortality included microalbuminuria (P < 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (P < 0.01), hypertriglyceridemia (P < 0.05), and preexisting coronary heart disease (P < 0.05). The predictive power of microalbuminuria persisted after adjustment for the effects of other major risk factors (P < 0.05). We conclude that microalbuminuria is a significant risk marker for mortality in NIDDM, independent of the other risk factors examined. Its presence can be regarded as an index of increased cardiovascular vulnerability and a signal for vigorous efforts at correction of known risk factors.