Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Luminous Infrared Galaxies with the Submillimeter Array. I. Survey Overview and the Central Gas to Dust Ratio

We present new data obtained with the Submillimeter Array for a sample of 14 nearby luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies. The galaxies were selected to have distances DL < 200 Mpc and far-infrared luminosities log LFIR > 11.4. The galaxies were observed with spatial resolutions of order 1 kpc in the CO J = 3–2, CO J = 2–1,13CO J = 2–1, and HCO+ J = 4–3 lines as well as the continuum at 880 μm and 1.3 mm. We have combined our CO and continuum data to measure an average gas-to-dust mass ratio of 120 ± 28 (rms deviation 109) in the central regions of these galaxies, very similar to the value of 150 determined for the Milky Way. This similarity is interesting given the more intense heating from the starburst and possibly accretion activity in the luminous infrared galaxies compared to the Milky Way. We find that the peak H2 surface density correlates with the far-infrared luminosity, which suggests that galaxies with higher gas surface densities inside the central kiloparsec have a higher star formation rate. The lack of a significant correlation between total H2 mass and far-infrared luminosity in our sample suggests that the increased star formation rate is due to the increased availability of molecular gas as fuel for star formation in the central regions. In contrast to previous analyses by other authors, we do not find a significant correlation between central gas surface density and the star formation efficiency, as traced by the ratio of far-infrared luminosity to nuclear gas mass. Our data show that it is the star formation rate, not the star formation efficiency, that increases with increasing central gas surface density in these galaxies.
G-NET: Effective GPU Sharing in NFV Systems

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) virtualizes software network functions to offer flexibility in their design, management and deployment. Although GPUs have demonstrated their power in significantly accelerating network functions, they have not been effectively integrated into NFV systems for the following reasons. First, GPUs are severely underutilized in NFV systems with existing GPU virtualization approaches. Second, data isolation in the GPU memory is not guaranteed. Third, building an efficient network function on CPUGPU architectures demands huge development efforts. In this paper, we propose G-NET, an NFV system with a GPU virtualization scheme that supports spatial GPU sharing, a service chain based GPU scheduler, and a scheme to guarantee data isolation in the GPU. We also develop an abstraction for building efficient network functions on G-NET, which significantly reduces development efforts. With our proposed design, G-NET enhances overall throughput by up to 70.8% and reduces the latency by up to 44.3%, in comparison with existing GPU virtualization solutions.
Neurocognition, sleep, and PET findings in type 2 vs type 1 narcolepsy

Objective To analyze differences in functional brain images collected in patients with type 2 and type 1 narcolepsy compared to normal controls and the relationship among brain images, objective neuropsychologic tests, and sleep findings. Methods Data collection included comprehensive clinical investigation, study of sleep/wake with actigraphy, polysomnography, Multiple Sleep Latency Test, human leukocyte antigen typing, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and cognitive tests obtained from 29 patients with type 2 narcolepsy, 104 patients with type 1 narcolepsy, and 26 sex- and age-matched normal control individuals. Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT II) and Wisconsin Card-Sorting Task were performed simultaneously with the FDG-PET examination. After analyses of variance, data between patients with type 1 and type 2 narcolepsy were compared by post hoc analysis, and correlation between functional brain imaging findings and results of neurocognitive tests was obtained. Results All patients with narcolepsy presented with at least 2 sleep-onset REM periods (SOREMP) and subjective sleepiness. Patients with type 2 narcolepsy compared to patients with type 1 narcolepsy had significantly less SOREMP, longer mean sleep latencies, and lower body mass indexes, apnea-hypopnea indexes, and frequency of human leukocyte antigen DQ-Beta1*0602. In patients with type 2 narcolepsy, FDG-PET studies showed significantly less hypermetabolism in the fusiform gyrus, striatum, hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum than in patients with type 1 narcolepsy, and significantly less hypometabolism in the regions of frontal lobe, posterior cingulum, angular gyrus, and part of the parietal lobe; these changes were associated with fewer errors on the CPT. Conclusion Young patients with type 2 narcolepsy have fewer clinical impairments and less distinct brain functional abnormalities than patients with type 1 narcolepsy, who are significantly more affected.
Dietary fat content alters insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in healthy men.

BACKGROUND A high dietary fat intake is involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare the effect of different amounts of dietary fat on hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. DESIGN Six healthy men were studied on 3 occasions after consuming for 11 d diets with identical energy and protein contents but different percentages of energy as fat and carbohydrate as follows: 0% and 85% [low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LFHC) diet], 41% and 44% [intermediate-fat, intermediate-carbohydrate (IFIC) diet], and 83% and 2% [high-fat, low-carbohydrate (HFLC) diet]. Insulin sensitivity was quantified by using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (plasma insulin concentration: approximately 190 pmol/L). RESULTS During hyperinsulinemia, endogenous glucose production was higher after the HFLC diet (2.5 +/- 0.3 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.05) than after the IFIC and LFHC diets (1.7 +/- 0.3 and 1.2 +/- 0.4 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The ratio of dietary fat to carbohydrate had no unequivocal effects on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In contrast, insulin-stimulated, nonoxidative glucose disposal tended to increase in relation to an increase in the ratio of fat to carbohydrate, from 14.8 +/- 5.1 to 20.6 +/- 1.9 to 26.2 +/- 2.9 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1) (P < 0.074 between the 3 diets). Insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation was significantly lower after the HFLC diet than after the IFIC and LFHC diets: 1.7 +/- 0.8 compared with 13.4 +/- 2.1 and 19.0 +/- 2.1 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), respectively (P < 0.05). During the clamp study, plasma fatty acid concentrations were higher after the HFLC diet than after the IFIC and LFHC diets: 0.22 +/- 0.02 compared with 0.07 +/- 0.01 and 0.05 +/- 0.01 mmol/L, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A high-fat, low-carbohydrate intake reduces the ability of insulin to suppress endogenous glucose production and alters the relation between oxidative and nonoxidative glucose disposal in a way that favors storage of glucose.
Does morphological variation buffer against extinction? A test using veneroid bivalves from the Plio-Pleistocene of Florida

Abstract Although morphological variation is known to influence the evolutionary fates of species, the relationship between morphological variation and survivorship in the face of extinction-inducing perturbations is poorly understood. Here, we investigate this relationship for veneroid bivalves in association with the Plio-Pleistocene extinction in Florida. Fourteen pairs of related species were selected for analysis, with each pair including one species that survived the Plio-Pleistocene extinction and another that became extinct during the interval. Morphological landmark data were acquired for more than 1500 museum specimens, representing 19 localities that encompass four well-known Plio-Pleistocene units in the study region. Procrustes superimposition was applied to each sample, and overall multivariate variation was calculated as the mean squared partial Procrustes distance between specimens and their mean form. Morphological variation was calculated at three geographic scales for each species, and differences in variation between survivors and victims were examined within each species pair. Results indicate that species surviving the Plio-Pleistocene extinction were significantly more variable morphologically than victims. Greater morphological variation may promote survivorship by directly enhancing species adaptations to changing conditions or by permitting the occupation of a larger geographic range. Alternatively, high morphological variation and survivorship may both be mediated by a third variable, such as large geographic range.
Aging does not impair the anabolic response to a protein-rich meal.

BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a debilitating condition afflicting the elderly that may be facilitated by insufficient or ineffectual intake of dietary protein. We previously showed that free-form essential amino acids acutely stimulate muscle protein synthesis in both the young and the elderly. However, the ability of an actual protein-rich food to stimulate anabolism in the young and the elderly has not been explored. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize changes in plasma amino acid concentrations and to quantify muscle protein synthesis in healthy young (41 +/- 8 y old; n = 10) and elderly (70 +/- 5 y old; n = 10) persons after ingestion of a 113-g (4-oz) serving of lean beef. DESIGN Venous blood samples and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were obtained during a primed (2.0 mumol/kg) constant infusion (0.08 mumol.kg(-1). min(-1)) of l-[ring-(13)C(6)] phenylalanine. Plasma amino acid concentrations were measured and a mixed-muscle fractional synthesis rate (FSR) was calculated during the premeal period and for 5 h after beef ingestion. RESULTS Mixed-muscle FSR increased by approximately 51% in both the elderly (mean +/- SE measurements: 0.072 +/- 0.004%/h and 0.108 +/- 0.006%/h before and after the meal, respectively) and the young (0.074 +/- 0.005%/h and 0.113 +/- 0.005%/h before and after the meal, respectively) after beef ingestion (P < 0.001). Plasma amino acid concentrations peaked at approximately 100 min after beef ingestion in both age groups but were substantially higher in the elderly (2185 +/- 134 nmol/mL compared with 1403 +/- 96 nmol/mL; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Despite differences in the concentration of amino acids in the plasma precursor pool, aging does not impair the ability to acutely synthesize muscle protein after ingestion of a common protein-rich food.
Long non-coding RNAs in cutaneous melanoma: clinical perspectives

Metastatic melanoma of the skin has a high mortality despite the recent introduction of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as transcripts of more than 200 nucleotides in length that lack protein-coding potential. There is growing evidence that lncRNAs play an important role in gene regulation, including oncogenesis. We present 13 lncRNA genes involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma through a variety of pathways and molecular interactions. Some of these lncRNAs are possible biomarkers or therapeutic targets for malignant melanoma.
Decreased selenoprotein expression alters the immune response during influenza virus infection in mice.

Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that host selenium (Se) deficiency results in greater lung pathology and altered immune function in mice infected with influenza virus. Because selenoproteins play a key role in determining the oxidant status of the host, we utilized a transgenic mouse line carrying a mutant selenocysteine (Sec) tRNA ([Ser]Sec) transgene (t-trspi(6)A(-)). The levels of selenoproteins are decreased in these mice in a protein- and tissue-specific manner. Male t-trspi(6)A(-) and wild-type (WT) mice were infected with influenza and killed at various time points postinfection (p.i.). Lung mRNA levels for innate and pro-inflammatory cytokines increased with infection but did not differ between groups. However, at d 2 p.i. , chemokine levels were greater in the t-trspi(6)A(-) mice compared with WT mice. Additionally, IFN-gamma was higher at d 7 p.i. in the t-trspi(6)A(-) mice and viral clearance slower. Despite these immune system changes, lung pathology was similar in t-trspi(6)A(-) and WT mice. (75)Se labeling experiments demonstrated that glutathione peroxidase (GPX)-1 and thioredoxin reductase, although greatly diminished in the lungs of t-trspi(6)A(-) mice, were not altered as a result of infection. GPX-1 activity in the lungs of the t-trspi(6)A(-) mice was approximately 82% of the WT mice. In addition, the GPX-1 activity in the lungs of Se-deficient mice was 125% less than in the t-trspi(6)A(-) mice. These results suggest that although selenoproteins are important for immune function, there is a threshold of GPX-1 activity that can prevent an increase in lung pathology during influenza infection.
QDR 4500A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer underestimates fat mass in comparison with criterion methods in adults.

BACKGROUND Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has become one of the most frequently used methods for estimating human body composition. Although the DXA technique has been validated for the measurement of fat-free mass and fat mass, differences in calibration between instruments produced by different manufacturers, as well as between different models produced by the same manufacturer, have been reported. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the calibration of the QDR 4500A against criterion methods in a large heterogeneous population. DESIGN DXA-derived body-composition data were obtained from 7 studies: 6 data sets were provided by the investigators, one of which was published. The data included fat mass and fat-free mass measured with a QDR 4500A and criteria measurements of body composition from total body water by dilution at 4 centers, densitometry from 1 center, and four-compartment analysis at 2 centers. RESULTS In the cohort of 1195 subjects, 602 men and 593 women aged 19-82 y with a body mass index (in kg/m2) of 16-44, the fan-beam DXA overestimated fat-free mass (P < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in all 7 data sets, and the mean (+/-SE) was 5 +/- 1%. CONCLUSIONS It is recommended that the lean soft tissue mass estimate with the fan-beam QDR 4500A be reduced by 5% and that for fat mass be increased by that same mass. This finding is particularly important because the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is using the QDR 4500A to assess body composition in a nationally representative sample of persons in the United States.
Bitumen Removal Determination on Asphalt Pavement Using Digital Imaging Processing and Spectral Analysis

This research aims to define an efficient and fast quantification of bitumen removal on the road surface by Digital Imaging Processing (DIP) and spectral analysis. The retrieval of bitumen removal is an important issue for road management and environmental studies related to asphalt wear and environmental pollution. The calculation of the Exposed Aggregate Index (EAI), based on DIP, allows to quantify in each frame the superficial removal of bitumen and the exposure of aggregates. A procedure, based on non-parametric classification process of digital images, gives a fast response of EAI. A correlation among EAI and spectral data, between 390 nm and 900 nm range, is evaluated. Results show a good correlation between spectral data at different wavelength and EAI. Finally, this work evaluates the possibility to retrieve asphalt bitumen removal through remote sensed imagery.
The development of rust expansion force of steel bar in concrete and reinforcement corrosion rate's time-varying property

In this paper,first of all,the model of non-uniform rust expansion force produced by crack of reinforcement concrete cover which is on the result of corrosion of steel bar is simplified as cosine functions model of the expansive force of the corrosion steel bars.Then the theory of elasticity mechanics is applied to deduce the formula of cosine function corrosive expansion force model,and each factors of the rust expansion force of steel bar are discussed,results: the greater the clearance existed in reinforced concrete is,the bigger the critical corrosion rate is needed when concrete crack; the critical corrosion rate increase as elastic modulus increases; the higher concrete strength level is,the higher critical corrosion rate is; with the increase of the radius of the steel bar,the corrosion rate decreases when concrete begins to crack; with the increase of the expansion ratio,critical corrosion rate falls,when the expansion ratio is below than 2.5,the critical corrosion rate drops fastest,when he expansion ratio is higher than 2.5,the speed decrease is more slow.
Stem cell modeling of mitochondrial parkinsonism reveals key functions of OPA1

Defective mitochondrial function attributed to optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) mutations causes primarily optic atrophy and, less commonly, neurodegenerative syndromes. The pathomechanism by which OPA1 mutations trigger diffuse loss of neurons in some, but not all, patients is unknown. Here, we used a tractable induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐based model to capture the biology of OPA1 haploinsufficiency in cases presenting with classic eye disease versus syndromic parkinsonism.
Direct Printing of Stretchable Elastomers for Highly Sensitive Capillary Pressure Sensors

We demonstrate the successful fabrication of highly sensitive capillary pressure sensors using an innovative 3D printing method. Unlike conventional capacitive pressure sensors where the capacitance changes were due to the pressure-induced interspace variations between the parallel plate electrodes, in our capillary sensors the capacitance was determined by the extrusion and extraction of liquid medium and consequent changes of dielectric constants. Significant pressure sensitivity advances up to 547.9 KPa−1 were achieved. Moreover, we suggest that our innovative capillary pressure sensors can adopt a wide range of liquid mediums, such as ethanol, deionized water, and their mixtures. The devices also showed stable performances upon repeated pressing cycles. The direct and versatile printing method combined with the significant performance advances are expected to find important applications in future stretchable and wearable electronics.
Division of Labor and Extent of the Market : Theory and Evidence from Brazil ∗ ( Job Market Paper )

Firms are more productive in larger cities. This paper investigates a potential explanation that was first proposed by Adam Smith: Larger cities facilitate greater division of labor within firms. Using a dataset of Brazilian firms, I first document that division of labor is indeed robustly correlated with city size, controlling for firm size. I propose a theoretical model in which this relationship is generated by both a selection effect—firms endogenously sort across space, choosing different extents of division of labor—and a treatment effect—larger cities increase division of labor for all firms, by reducing the costs associated with greater division of labor. The model embeds a theory of firms’ choice of the optimal division of labor in a spatial equilibrium model. Structural estimates derived from the model show that division of labor accounts for 16% of the productivity advantage of larger cities in Brazil, half of which is due to firm sorting and the other half to the treatment effect of city size. The theory also generates a set of auxiliary predictions of firms’ responses to a reduction in the cost of division of labor. Exploiting a quasi-experiment that changes the cost of division of labor within cities—the gradual rollout of broadband internet infrastructure—I find causal empirical support for these predictions, validating the model. Finally, the quasi-experiment also provides validation for the structural estimation. The estimated model predicts changes in the average division of labor within different cities in response to the new broadband internet infrastructure, which I find are similar to the actual changes. ∗I am very grateful to Donald Davis, Jonathan Vogel, Réka Juhász, Jonas Hjort and David Weinstein for their invaluable guidance and continued support. I thank Nate Baum-Snow, Lorenzo Caliendo, Davin Chor, Rebecca Diamond, Cecilia Fieler, François Gerard, Yang Jiao, Amit Khandelwal, Nandita Krishnaswamy, Ildikó Magyari, Dávid Nagy, Stephen Redding, Tobias Salz, Rodrigo Soares, Meredith Startz, Adrian Tang, Danna Thomas, Sharon Traiberman, Eric Verhoogen, Mike Waugh, ShangJin Wei, Scott Weiner, Yue Yu, Ding Yuan, Jing Zhou, and International Trade, Applied Microeconomics and Development Colloquia participants at Columbia University for helpful discussions and comments. All errors are mine. †Department of Economics, 420 W. 118th St., New York, NY 10027. Email: lin.tian@columbia.edu. 1
Effect of Electrode Reactions during Aqueous Electrophoretic Deposition on Bulk Suspension Properties and Deposition Quality

Non-aqueous solvents have been popularly used as suspending medium in Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) for several applications. The drawbacks of these solvents are that they cause environmental concerns and are expensive. Therefore, there is a great interest for the development aqueous EPD, which is low-cost and environmental friendly. There are several problems when using water as the suspending medium in EPD. First, there is gas evolution at the electrodes on application of the electric field. Hydrogen is generated at cathode and oxygen at anode. This results in incorporation of bubbles in deposits and the quality of deposit suffers. Several approaches, such as the use of pulse DC, asymmetric AC, and palladium electrode have been reported in the literature to overcome this problem.However, the biggest problem concerning aqueous EPD is reproducibility of deposition. As an example, in batch EPD of Al2O3 from aqueous suspension, we observed the best quality of deposition from the first deposit. Invariably, the amount and quality of deposit decreased progressively with increased number of deposition from the same suspension. For prolonged first deposition, the deterioration became severe and no deposition occurred from the second deposition onwards. This occurred even for cases when only a small fraction of the powder suspension is depleted in the first deposit. A closer look showed destabilized suspension and significant change in bulk pH of the suspension. Here, we measured the change in bulk pH as a function of time, and starting pH during water electrolysis as well as during aqueous EPD of Al2O3. The bulk pH of suspension increased with increasing time of deposition and with increasing applied voltages, resulting in progressive destabilization of suspension and decrease in deposit yield and quality. Use of suitable dosages of cationic dispersant polyethyleneimine (PEI) in the suspension decreased the extent of bulk pH variation during aqueous EPD.