Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Britain Pulling Apart? Area Disparities in Employment, Education and Crime

This paper explores the changing extent of concentration worklessness and deprivation in Britains communities over the last twenty years and seeks to identify what shapes patterns of relative affluence and deprivation. The paper goes on to explore the evidence that there are lasting consequences from concentrated deprivation for the residents, including children. The paper address issues of employment, educational outcomes and crime victimisation. Looking at the available evidence from the UK and abroad, the evidence suggests that concentrated deprivation has little effect on employment opportunities, (e.g. moving people to more affluent neighbourhoods would make little difference), has modest effects on childrens educational outcomes and propensity to get involved in deviant behaviours but substantial effects on crime victimisation. The paper then concludes on what policy agendas could be developed to address concentrated deprivation and above all its consequences on residents outcomes.
Sources of Intra-Industry Wage Dispersion: How Much Do Employers Matter?

Observed human capital explains less than half of wage variation. In BLS Industry Wage Surveys, establishment-based wage differentials (controlling for occupation) account for 20–70 percent of intra-industry wage variation. This corresponds to a standard deviation in wages of 14 percent of the mean, almost as large as interindustry wage variation. Investigation suggests that establishment wage differentials are not random variations or returns to usual measures of human capital.
The Effect of Asymmetric Information on Turkish Banking Sector and Credit Markets

Asymmetric information is a factor that decreases the efficiency of markets. The aim of the study is to expose whether asymmetric information causes problems in credit markets. The monthly data between 1986:01–2010:12 is analyzed with the causality tests (Toda ve Yamamoto [1995]) to examine the relationship between the bad credits ratio and total credits ratio. According to the causality tests a unidirectional causality which is explained by the existence of credit rationig problems.
Cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronisation therapy

Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is a pacing treatment for heart failure. It was first proposed in the 1990s for selected patients with drug refractory heart failure, on the basis of a series of pioneering experiences performed in France.1 ,2 The pathophysiological background for CRT is the presence, in a substantial subset of heart failure patients, of a left intraventricular conduction delay (wide QRS at 12 lead ECG) with associated left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony. Stimulation of the left ventricle through an electrode, inserted into the venous system until its tip reaches a posterolateral or lateral branch of the coronary sinus, is able to correct the electrical dyssynchrony, thus improving haemodynamics, exercise performance and the patient's symptoms. In patients with symptomatic improvement, the correction of electrical dyssynchrony (ie, resynchronisation) is usually associated with a reduction in left ventricular volumes (‘reverse remodelling’), a reduction of mitral regurgitation and an improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction.3 Following the first pilot experiences, CRT has now been the subject of a series of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and the evidence in support of CRT is based on more than 9000 patients.4 Initially, RCTs were focused on patients with heart failure in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III-IV despite optimised medical treatment and wide QRS (>120 ms); >4500 patients were enrolled in trials that provided solid evidence in favour of CRT, both on the basis of individual studies and meta-analysis.4 Meta-analysis showed that appropriate use of CRT in NYHA class III-IV patients has the potential to reduce all cause mortality by 22% (95% CI 9% to 33%) and hospitalisations by 35% (95% CI 14% to 50%). 4 More recently, the role of CRT in reducing mortality and morbidity has also been tested in patients with wide QRS in the setting …
Entrepreneurial First Movers, Brand-Name Fast Seconds, and the Evolution of Market Structure

Abstract We analyze the interaction between entrepreneurs who open new markets and established, `fast second' firms to develop them. We use a spatially differentiated model in which early entry is traditionally excessive. However, the anticipated later entry by the `fast second' brand can potentially reverse this result. We show that conditions that make for the most initial competitive market are precisely those that result in the least optimal amount of initial entry and in which entrepreneurial entry is typically well below the efficient level. We also show that asymmetric oligopoly is a natural market equilibrium.
Upward Sloping Demand for a Normal Good? Residential Electricity in Arkansas

This study analyzes residential electricity demand in the state of Arkansas using an error-correction approach that examines both long-run and short-run dynamics. As in prior studies, results indicate that higher electricity prices reduce consumption in the long-run, but not in the short-run. With respect to variations in household income, residential electricity is treated as a normal good. The long-run income elasticity estimate is about twice as large as the short-run estimate. It is suggested that the muted short-run responses to price and income variables may reflect limited capacity to adjust the stock of electricity-consuming household devices over the short-term. More surprisingly, households are found to treat electricity as a normal good in the short-run, but have an upward sloping demand curve associated with it. The overall results suggest that increasing generating capacity in Arkansas will be feasible using the standard approach of incremental rate increases.
Achieving at-speed structural test

In addition to structural test, BIST offers an alternative low-cost approach to at-speed testing. How should BIST be implemented to address at-speed testing? What issues remain to be solved? How can we deal with multicycle paths and different frequency domains? The author describes BIST implementation techniques to answer these questions.
Forecasting natural gas prices using cointegration technique

This paper uses Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron technique for determining whether individual crude oil prices (West Texas Intermediate, Brent, Japan crude cocktail) and natural gas prices- Henry Hub (HH), National Balancing Point (NBP), European and Japanese liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices are stationary or non-stationary. It then applies Johansen and Juselius cointegration technique for establishing long-run correlation between respective oil prices and natural gas prices. The paper concludes that all individual series pertaining to oil and natural gas prices are non-stationary and indeed having long-run relationship, despite short term drift. Ordinary least square method was used to forecast individual natural gas prices in various markets, assuming of course, that historical relationship continues to hold with respective oil prices throughout the forecasting period. Natural gas prices in each of the markets are expected to be stronger during 2005-25 as compared to respective historical average prices showing the tightness of the market. The mean NBP and HH forecast during 2005-25 are expected to be 92 and 84 per cent stronger than the historical average, whilst LNG prices in Japan continue to exhibit stronger trends during the forecast period as compared to rest of the markets in Europe and North America - showing greater dependency of imports and security of supply considerations. Copyright 2006 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
A Critique of Size-Related Anomalies

This article argues that the size-related regularities in asset prices should not be regarded as anomalies. Indeed, the opposite result is demonstrated. Namely, a truly anomalous regularity would be if an inverse relation between size and return was not observed. We show theoretically (1) that the size-related regularities should be observed in the economy and (2) why size will in general explain the part of the cross-section of expected returns left unexplained by an incorrectly specified asset pricing model. In light of these results we argue that size-related measures should be used in cross-sectional tests to detect model misspecifications. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
Is There Information Content from Insider Trading Activities Preceding Earnings and Dividend Announcements in Hong Kong?

This study examines whether insiders (directors) exploit information advantage of their firms by trading stocks before the simultaneous earnings and dividend announcements in Hong Kong. Our findings show that there are significant net-insider-buying activities before the announcements of good news (‘Earnings-Dividend Increase’) and significant net-insider-selling activities before bad news (‘Earnings-Dividend Decrease’ and ‘Earnings Decrease-Dividend Zero’). In addition, our regression results provide some support for the hypothesis that there is a predictive relation between pre-event insider trading activity and the abnormal return of the announcements.
Evidence of linkage in subtypes of alcoholism

We believed that subtyping alcoholism might be an efficient strategy for mapping susceptibility genes. Cluster analysis is one of the possible statistical techniques for such a purpose. We required that, ideally, the variables to be used in cluster analysis should be: 1) related to alcoholism, 2) related to the severity of alcoholism, and 3) familial, i.e., correlated within families. Only three variables met all three conditions. Those included age of onset of ALDX1, smoking, and TPQ‐HA. A global score of symptoms of alcoholism was systematically introduced as one of the variables composing a subset for cluster analysis, although this score did not show any familial aggregation. Our strategy led to a strong evidence of linkage at D15S230 in only 20 families whose members are mainly characterized by heavy smoking.
A Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Regimen for Individuals with Upper Extremity Hemiplegia

Background. The Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy approach has been identified as a promising method to address deficits in upper limb function experienced by some stroke survivors. There is some question regarding whether the intervention administered in the research setting could be translated into clinical practice. Purpose. This paper describes the modified version of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy developed at St. Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada. Method. This modified regimen involves practice of upper limb tasks for four hours per day for 10 weekdays over two weeks, concurrent with participants attempting to wear a restraint mitten on the less involved hand for 90% of their waking hours. Results. The primary outcome measure was the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Two case reports illustrate how the regimen is administered. Implications. The need for further research of this regimen in terms of the selection of participants, the measurement tools, and the effectiveness is discussed.
MSATS: Multilingual sentiment analysis via text summarization

Sentiment Analysis has been a keen research area for past few years. Though much of the exploration that has been done supports English language only. This paper proposes a method using which one can analyze different languages to find sentiments in them and perform sentiment analysis. The method leverages different techniques of machine learning to analyze the text. Machine translation is used in the system to provide with the feature of dealing with different languages. After the machine translation, text is processed for finding the sentiments in the text. With the advent of blogs, forums and online reviews there is substantial text present on internet that can be used to analyze the sentiment about a particular subject or an object. Hence to reduce the processing it is beneficial to extract the important text present in it. So the system proposed uses text summarization process to extract important parts of text and then uses it to analyze the sentiments about the particular subject and its aspects.
Lattice mobility of holes in strained and unstrained Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ alloys

Results of the lattice drift mobility in strained and unstrained SiGe alloys are reported for Ge fractions, 0.0<or=x<or=1.0. The mobilities are calculated using acoustic, optical, and alloy scattering mechanisms. Due to the strain-induced symmetry reduction in the band structure of Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/, the mobility is found to be a tensor with two distinct components parallel and perpendicular to the growth plane. Assuming that the scattering mechanisms are independent of the strain, the strained mobility increases exponentially with increasing Ge content, for x=0.3. <<ETX>>
Frailty is a predictor of short- and mid-term mortality after elective cardiac surgery independently of age.

OBJECTIVES Assessment of perioperative risk of elderly patients in cardiac surgery is difficult, and most of the common risk scores show over- or underestimation. Two frailty scores, the comprehensive assessment of frailty (CAF) score and the Frailty predicts death One yeaR after CArdiac Surgery Test (FORECAST), were developed as additional tools to estimate the preoperative mortality risk, taking into consideration the frailty status of elderly patients. METHODS Four hundred and fifty patients who were referred for elective cardiac surgery were included. All the patients were assessed with the CAF test and the FORECAST. Thirty-day and 1-year mortality were evaluated by telephone interview. Univariate and bivariate logistic regression were performed to test the predictive power of the tests on mortality. Correlation of the scores with age was calculated with Spearman ranks. Three commensurate groups were built for each of the frailty scores and the outcome was compared between the groups. All analyses were performed for Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) and European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) accordingly. RESULTS A total of 227 male and 223 female patients were included. Thirty-day mortality was 6.1%, and 1-year mortality was 13.3%. Logistic regression showed that both scores are able to predict 30-day as well as 1-year mortality. Bivariate logistic regression showed that both frailty scores give relevant additional information to the STS and EuroSCORE for the prediction of 1-year mortality. The frailty scores were only weakly correlated with age in contrast to STS and EuroSCORE and therefore can be used as indicator of the biological age of patients besides the numerical age. Survival up to 1 year was relevantly reduced in the group of patients with the higher frailty scores. CONCLUSIONS CAF and FORECAST are additional tools to evaluate elderly patients adequately before elective cardiac surgery, and showed an association with short- and mid-term mortality independently of age.
Quantitative MRI and ultrastructural examination of the cuprizone mouse model of demyelination

The cuprizone mouse model of demyelination was used to investigate the influence that white matter changes have on different magnetic resonance imaging results. In vivo T2‐weighted and magnetization transfer images (MTIs) were acquired weekly in control (n = 5) and cuprizone‐fed (n = 5) mice, with significant increases in signal intensity in T2‐weighted images (p < 0.001) and lower magnetization transfer ratio (p < 0.001) in the corpus callosum of the cuprizone‐fed mice starting at 3 weeks and peaking at 4 and 5 weeks, respectively. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), quantitative MTI (qMTI), and T1/T2 measurements were used to analyze freshly excised tissue after 6 weeks of cuprizone administration. In multicomponent T2 analysis with 10 ms echo spacing, there was no visible myelin water component associated with the short T2 value. Quantitative MTI metrics showed significant differences in the corpus callosum and external capsule of the cuprizone‐fed mice, similar to previous studies of multiple sclerosis in humans and animal models of demyelination. Fractional anisotropy was significantly lower and mean, axial, and radial diffusivity were significantly higher in the cuprizone‐fed mice. Cellular distributions measured in electron micrographs of the corpus callosum correlated strongly to several different quantitative MRI metrics. The largest Spearman correlation coefficient varied depending on cellular type: T1 versus the myelinated axon fraction (ρ = −0.90), the bound pool fraction (ƒ) versus the myelin sheath fraction (ρ = 0.93), and axial diffusivity versus the non‐myelinated cell fraction (ρ = 0.92). Using Pearson's correlation coefficient, ƒ was strongly correlated to the myelin sheath fraction (r = 0.98) with a linear equation predicting myelin content (5.37ƒ − 0.25). Of the calculated MRI metrics, ƒ was the strongest indicator of myelin content, while longitudinal relaxation rates and diffusivity measurements were the strongest indicators of changes in tissue structure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New features and enhancements in the X‐PLOR computer program

This article describes new methods for X‐ray crystallographic refinement and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure determination that are available in the recent release of the X‐PLOR software, X‐PLOR 98.0. The major new features of the X‐PLOR 98.0 software are: (i) the introduction of maximum likelihood methods (Pannu and Read, Acta Crystallogr 1996;A52:659–668) for X‐ray crystallographic refinement with structure factor amplitude, intensity and phase probability targets, (ii) the addition of the Andersen thermal coupling method for temperature control during simulated annealing refinements, (iii) a new utility function for converting reflection data in to the X‐PLOR format, (iv) validated scripts and performance enhancements for structure determination from NMR distance restraints using torsion angle dynamics, (v) fast code for direct nuclear Oberhauser effect (NOE) refinement using matrix doubling and gaussian quadratures, (vi) methodologies for using ambiguous restraint information to perform automated iterative peak assignment and structure determination (Nilges et al., J Mol Biol 1997;269:408–422). Additional developments in methodology for refining crystal structures from poor initial models include the implementation of a fast adaptive bulk solvent scattering correction and an energy minimization routine that makes use of second derivative information. Trial crystallographic refinements with an energy minimization protocol that includes these enhancements indicate significantly improved convergence. The quality of the resulting models appears comparable to models obtained from refinement protocols that incorporate torsion angle dynamics. Test applications of the new energy minimizer to NMR structure refinement with using NOE calculations also show improved convergence, leading to more optimized final models. Proteins 1999;35:25–33. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Density forecasts of crude‐oil prices using option‐implied and ARCH‐type models

The predictive accuracy of competing crude-oil price forecast densities is investigated for the 1994–2006 period. Moving beyond standard ARCH type models that rely exclusively on past returns, we examine the benefits of utilizing the forward-looking information that is embedded in the prices of derivative contracts. Risk-neutral densities, obtained from panels of crude-oil option prices, are adjusted to reflect real-world risks using either a parametric or a non-parametric calibration approach. The relative performance of the models is evaluated for the entire support of the density, as well as for regions and intervals that are of special interest for the economic agent. We find that non-parametric adjustments of risk-neutral density forecasts perform significantly better than their parametric counterparts. Goodness-of-fit tests and out-of-sample likelihood comparisons favor forecast densities obtained by option prices and non-parametric calibration methods over those constructed using historical returns and simulated ARCH processes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 31:727–754, 2011
Progression of low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (DFNA6/14-WFS1).

OBJECTIVE To assess the audiometric profile and speech recognition characteristics in affected members of 2 families with DFNA6/14 harboring heterozygous mutations in the WFS1 gene that cause an autosomal dominant nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing impairment trait. DESIGN Family study. SETTING Tertiary referral center. Patients Thirteen patients from 2 recently identified Dutch families with DFNA6/14 (Dutch III and IV). METHODS Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of pure-tone thresholds at octave frequencies of 0.25 to 8 kHz were performed, and speech phoneme recognition scores were assessed. Progression was evaluated by linear regression analysis with and without correction for presbycusis. RESULTS All individuals showed low-frequency hearing impairment. The 2-kHz frequency was more affected in the Dutch III family than in the Dutch IV family. Progressive hearing loss beyond presbycusis was found in the Dutch IV family and in 3 individuals in the Dutch III family. Annual threshold deterioration was between 0.6 and 1 dB per year at all frequencies. The speech recognition scores in the Dutch III family showed significantly more deterioration at increasing levels of hearing impairment compared with those in the Dutch IV family. CONCLUSION Both families showed an autosomal dominant, progressive, low-frequency sensorineural hearing impairment caused by heterozygous WFS1 mutations.
Innovation and HRM: Absences and politics

This article analyses the role of HRM practices in the implementation of an innovative cross-functional approach to new product development (concurrent engineering, CE) in Eurotech Industries. Contrary to CE methodology stipulations, and despite supportive conditions, HRM received scant attention in the implementation process. Organizational power and politics were clearly involved in this situation, and this article explores how their play created such HRM ‘absences’. The article builds on a four-dimensional view of power in order to provide a deeper understanding of the embedded, interdependent and political nature of HRM practice and innovation.
Fission Yeast Sap1 Protein Is Essential for Chromosome Stability

ABSTRACT Sap1 is a dimeric sequence-specific DNA binding-protein, initially identified for its role in mating-type switching of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The protein is relatively abundant, around 10,000 dimers/cell, and is localized in the nucleus. sap1+ is essential for viability, and transient overexpression is accompanied by rapid cell death, without an apparent checkpoint response and independently of mating-type switching. Time lapse video microscopy of living cells revealed that the loss of viability is accompanied by abnormal mitosis and chromosome fragmentation. Overexpression of the C terminus of Sap1 induces minichromosome loss associated with the “cut” phenotype (uncoupling mitosis and cytokinesis). These phenotypes are favored when the C terminus of Sap1 is overexpressed during DNA replication. Fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments demonstrated that the cut phenotype is related to precocious centromere separation, a typical marker for loss of cohesion. We propose that Sap1 is an architectural chromatin-associated protein, required for chromosome organization.