Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress Distribution in the Superior Labrum during Throwing Motion

Background Superior labrum anterior posterior lesions are common among athletes participating in overhead throwing sports. One described mechanism of injury is application of high local stress via repetitive loading of the long head of the biceps tendon attached to the superior labrum; however, the stress environment within the labrum has not been investigated to date. Hypothesis Biceps origin locations and throwing phases determine the stress distributions causing lesions of the superior labrum within the labrum itself Study Design Descriptive laboratory study Methods Three-dimensional finite element models of the labrum glenoid complex with anterior, central, and posterior biceps origins were developed at 4 orientations to simulate the phases of pitching: early cocking, late cocking, acceleration, and deceleration. Results The stress magnitudes at the labrum glenoid interface for the deceleration phase were highest for all biceps origins. Anatomical variations of the biceps insertion affected the stress only during the deceleration phase. Both the biceps origin and throwing phase influenced the location of high stress. Conclusion Deceleration could be the throwing phase that causes tearing at the superior labrum. This finding provides further understanding for localizing the possible initiation of superior labrum anterior posterior lesions.
Using Digital Media for Entertainment - The Other Side of the Digital Divide in India

Digital audio and video content is prolifically generated and consumed in today's media-rich, experience based economy. Despite of the digital divide that prevails in the developing regions, the present study showed that digital media has made its way to the everyday media consumption practices of economically challenged, urban consumers in India. In line with previous research, television and cinematic media traditions continue to constitute important aspects of media use. However, alongside television, digital media platforms, mobile phone and DVD player, in particular, have also become popular. The paper describes media use practices that were observed in this qualitative, exploratory study and highlights affordable digital media design opportunities based on the key findings. The notion of digital media acting as contributor to bridging the digital divide is discussed. However, future research is needed to establish the validity of this argument.
Rituximab, dexamethasone, cytarabine, and oxaliplatin (R-DHAX) is an effective and safe salvage regimen in relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

BACKGROUND Salvage therapy for patients with refractory/relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is based on polychemotherapy, followed by high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in eligible patients (HDT/ASCT). R-DHAP combines rituximab with cisplatin, cytarabine, and dexamethasone. PATIENTS AND METHODS We substituted cisplatin with oxaliplatin to avoid nephrotoxicity and retrospectively analyzed a large series of 91 patients with refractory/relapsed B-cell NHL to evaluate toxicities, response rates (RRs), and survival. Median age at R-DHAX (rituximab/dexamethasone/cytarabine/oxaliplatin) treatment was 60 years (range, 28-82 years). Renal insufficiency was present in 18 patients. The most frequent histologic subtypes were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 42) and follicular lymphoma (n = 30). Seventeen patients (19%) were naive to rituximab at time of R-DHAX. RESULTS Grade III/IV toxicities were mainly hematologic, including anemia (n = 9), neutropenia (n = 44), and thrombocytopenia (n = 47). Grade I/II neurologic toxicities, sensitive or motor, were observed, and these were mainly transient except for 3 cases of motor neuropathy associated with previous exposure to vincristine. Neither renal toxicities nor degradation of previous renal insufficiency were observed. The overall RR was 75%, with a complete RR of 57%, with no statistical difference between patients previously treated with rituximab versus without rituximab. At a median follow-up of 23 months, 2-year probability rates of overall survival and progression-free survival were 75% and 43%, respectively, with a significant difference between patients treated with HDT/ASCT and patients not eligible for HDT/ASCT. CONCLUSION R-DHAX is an efficient regimen in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell NHL even in elderly patients if hematologic toxicities are closely managed.
Identification of two mutually exclusive groups after long-term monitoring of HIV DNA 2-LTR circle copy number in patients on HAART

Background: Anti-retroviral drug therapy reduces but does not abolish HIV transmission and replication throughout the body. HIV DNA 2-long terminal repeat (2-LTR) circles have been shown in point-based studies to persist in some patients whose plasma HIV RNA was undetectable. However, the degree of fluctuation of circle copy number over time has not been determined. Methods: A reliable, reproducible and robust quantitative LightCycler (LC qPCR)-based assay for HIV DNA 2-LTR circles in peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMN) cells was established. A prospective, longitudinal study of these circles was undertaken in HIV-1-positive patients on anti-retroviral therapy whose plasma HIV RNA was undetectable at < 50 copies/ml. Patients starting therapy for the first time were also monitored. Results: A cohort of 60 patients whose plasma HIV RNA was undetectable for 32 ± 2 months were monitored for circles for 15 ± 2 months. The circle copy number ranged from < 10 to 620 copies/106 PBMN cells. The circle-negative (< 10 copies/1 × 106 PBMN) cells group of 36 patients and the circle-positive (> 10 copies/106 PBMN cells) group of 24 patients were mutually exclusive (P < 0.0001). The mean circle half-life in seven of the 10 patients starting anti-retroviral therapy for the first time was 5.7 days. Conclusion: The circle assay is useful for identifying those patients in whom transmission of infectious virus continues despite prolonged periods of time during which plasma HIV RNA is undetectable. New drug combinations and new therapeutic approaches should be aimed at those patients whose plasma HIV RNA is undetectable but who remain positive for 2-LTR circles.
Effects of Strontium on Bone Strength, Density, Volume, and Microarchitecture in Laying Hens

Strontium has been reported to have beneficial effects on bone. Treatment of laying hens, which are susceptible to osteoporosis and bone fracture, with strontium increased DXA measurements of BMD and BMC and μCT measurements of bone volume and microarchitecture and improved the mechanical performance of whole bone, but had no effect on the estimated material properties of the bone tissue.
PTH‐Induced Actin Depolymerization Increases Mechanosensitive Channel Activity to Enhance Mechanically Stimulated 2+ Signaling in Osteoblasts*

Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton with cytochalasin D enhanced the mechanically induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in osteoblasts in a manner similar to that of PTH. Stabilization of actin with phalloidin prevented the PTH enhanced [Ca2+]i response to shear. Patch‐clamp analyses show that the MSCC is directly influenced by alterations in actin integrity.
Nocardioides antarcticus sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment.

Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. Strain M-SA3-94T grew optimally at pH 5.0-6.0, 20 °C and in the presence of 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). The chemotaxonomic properties of strain M-SA3-94T were similar to those of members of the genus Nocardioides with validly published names. The major fatty acid was iso-C16 : 0. The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and three unknown phospholipids. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the DNA G+C content of this strain was 66.7 mol%. On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain M-SA3-94T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M-SA3-94T ( = CCTCC AB2014053T = LMG 28254T).
Pathogenic Upregulation of Glial Lipocalin-2 in the Parkinsonian Dopaminergic System

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a member of the highly heterogeneous secretory protein family of lipocalins and increases in its levels can contribute to neurodegeneration in the adult brain. However, there are no reports on the role of LCN2 in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we report for the first time that LCN2 expression is increased in the substantia nigra (SN) of patients with PD. In mouse brains, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment for a neurotoxin model of PD significantly upregulated LCN2 expression, mainly in reactive astrocytes in both the SN and striatum. The increased LCN2 levels contributed to neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation, resulting in disruption of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) projection and abnormal locomotor behaviors, which were ameliorated in LCN2-deficient mice. Similar to the effects of MPTP treatment, LCN2-induced neurotoxicity was also observed in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated animal model of PD. Moreover, treatment with the iron donor ferric citrate (FC) and the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) increased and decreased, respectively, the LCN2-induced neurotoxicity in vivo. In addition to the in vivo results, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced neurotoxicity in cocultures of mesencephalic neurons and astrocytes was reduced by LCN2 gene deficiency in the astrocytes and conditioned media derived from MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y neuronal enhanced glial expression of LCN2 in vitro. Therefore, our results demonstrate that astrocytic LCN2 upregulation in the lesioned DA system may play a role as a potential pathogenic factor in PD and suggest that inhibition of LCN2 expression or activity may be useful in protecting the nigrostriatal DA system in the adult brain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a member of the highly heterogeneous secretory protein family of lipocalins, may contribute to neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity in the brain. However, LCN2 expression and its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) are largely unknown. Here, we report that LCN2 is upregulated in the substantia nigra of patients with PD and neurotoxin-treated animal models of PD. Our results suggest that LCN2 upregulation might be a potential pathogenic mechanism of PD, which would result in disruption of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system through neurotoxic iron accumulation and neuroinflammation. Therefore, inhibition of LCN2 expression or activity may be useful in protecting the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection in PD.
In vitro brain slice studies of the rat's dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. II. Physiological properties of biocytin-labeled neurons.

1. We made intracellular recordings from neurons in rat dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL), determined intrinsic and synaptic physiological properties, and labeled the cells by intracellular injection of biocytin. Biocytin-labeled neurons were reconstructed and classified according to their somatic and dendritic morphology. 2. We identified a diversity of morphological cell types in DNLL. Five main groups of neurons were recognized: multipolar; elongate I, II, and III; and round. The multipolar cells were characterized by several large dendrites with multiple branches that spread over large areas within the DNLL. The dendrites radiated equally in all directions. 3. Elongate cells were characterized by extended cell bodies with polar dendrites. In the case of elongate I and II cells, the dendrites were preferentially oriented in the horizontal plane and the dendritic branches extended across most of the cytoarchitectonic breadth of DNLL from the medial to lateral borders. The classification of elongate II was reserved for a single neuron with profuse dendritic branching that fanned out dorsoventrally along the margins of DNLL. This neuron was unique in our sample and was distinguished from the more common elongate I cells, which had less profuse dorsoventral dendritic branching. Elongate III cells had extended cell bodies, but their dendrites did not extend across the DNLL and showed no preferential orientation. 4. Round neurons had relatively small, round cell bodies and radial dendrites that extended over large areas within DNLL. These cells were quite common in our sample and are almost certainly not the same as the infrequently encountered small round cells found in Nissl-stained sections. Some biocytin-labeled neurons were difficult to classify as either multipolar, elongate I, II, or III, or round. These neurons had properties that most closely resembled elongate III cells, but they were treated separately here to minimize heterogeneity within morphological categories. 5. The intrinsic physiological properties measured in this study were uncorrelated with the morphological class of DNLL neurons. All DNLL neurons had similar current-voltage curves regardless of their anatomic category. Intracellular injection of positive current produced a sustained series of action potentials, the number of which was related to the magnitude of current injection. The interspike intervals were regular, although some cells had a tendency toward an increase or decrease in the length of the interval with prolonged current injection. The interspike intervals were regular, although some cells had a tendency toward an increase or decrease in the length of the interval with prolonged current injection. Injection of negative current produced a hyperpolarization that was proportional to the current strength. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Tropheryma whipplei, Immunosuppression and Whipple's Disease: From a Low-Pathogenic, Environmental Infectious Organism to a Rare, Multifaceted Inflammatory Complex

Background: The actinobacterium Tropheryma whipplei was detected 20 years ago by molecular techniques, and following its culture has been characterized as the cause of a systemic infection known as Whipple's disease (WD). T. whipplei occurs in the environment, is prevalent only in humans, is believed to be transmitted via oral routes and to be host dependent. Key Messages: The classical form of T. whipplei infection, i.e. classical WD (CWD), is rare. It is well defined as slowly progressing chronic infection with arthralgia, diarrhea and weight loss, mostly in middle-aged men. However, current research revealed a much broader spectrum of clinical features associated with T. whipplei infection. Thus, T. whipplei may cause acute and transient infections (observed primarily in children) and the bacterium, which is found in soil and water, occurs in asymptomatic carriers as well as in CWD patients in clinical remission. In addition, T. whipplei affects isolated and localized body compartments such as heart valves or the central nervous system. Subtle immune defects and HLA associations have been described. New findings indicate that the progression of asymptomatic T. whipplei infection to clinical WD may be associated with medical immunosuppression and with immunomodulatory conditions. This explains that there is a discrepancy between the widespread occurrence of T. whipplei and the rareness of WD, and that T. whipplei infection triggered by immunosuppression presents with protean clinical manifestations. Conclusions: This review highlights recent findings and the clinical spectrum of infection with T. whipplei and WD, focusing specifically on the role of host immunity and immunosuppression. Current concepts of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy are discussed.
Modulation of Anaerobic Energy Metabolism of Bacillus subtilis by arfM(ywiD)

ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis grows under anaerobic conditions utilizing nitrate ammonification and various fermentative processes. The two-component regulatory system ResDE and the redox regulator Fnr are the currently known parts of the regulatory system for anaerobic adaptation. Mutation of the open reading frame ywiDlocated upstream of the respiratory nitrate reductase operonnarGHJI resulted in elimination of the contribution of nitrite dissimilation to anaerobic nitrate respiratory growth. Significantly reduced nitrite reductase (NasDE) activity was detected, while respiratory nitrate reductase activity was unchanged. Anaerobic induction of nasDE expression was found to be significantly dependent on intact ywiD, while anaerobicnarGHJI expression was ywiD independent. Anaerobic transcription of hmp, encoding a flavohemoglobin-like protein, and of the fermentative operonslctEP and alsSD, responsible for lactate and acetoin formation, was partially dependent on ywiD. Expression of pta, encoding phosphotransacetylase involved in fermentative acetate formation, was not influenced byywiD. Transcription of the ywiD gene was anaerobically induced by the redox regulator Fnr via the conserved Fnr-box (TGTGA-6N-TCACT) centered 40.5 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site. Anaerobic induction of ywiDby resDE was found to be indirect viaresDE-dependent activation of fnr. TheywiD gene is subject to autorepression and nitrite repression. These results suggest a ResDE → Fnr → YwiD regulatory cascade for the modulation of genes involved in the anaerobic metabolism of B. subtilis. Therefore,ywiD was renamed arfM for anaerobic respiration and fermentation modulator.
The Effects of Quality of Life and Ability to Perform Activities of Daily Living on Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older People Living in Publicly Managed Congregate Housing

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by a decrease in cognitive abilities that does not affect the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). Therefore, this condition is easily overlooked. The prevalence and factors of influence for MCI in older people living in publicly managed congregate housing are currently unknown. Purpose: This study investigated the prevalence and distribution of MCI in older people living in publicly managed congregate housing and assessed the correlations among quality of life (QoL), ADL, and MCI. Methods: This study applied a correlational study design. The participants were older people who met the study criteria and who lived in public housing in Wanhua District, Taipei City, Taiwan. One-on-one interviews were conducted to measure the cognitive abilities of the participants, and 299 valid samples were collected. Results: The prevalence of MCI in older people living in publicly managed congregate housing was 16.1%. The &khgr;2 test was employed to evaluate the distribution of MCI prevalence and indicated that the group with higher MCI prevalence exhibited the following characteristics: older than 81 years; married; lived in public housing for more than 20 years; cohabiting; had a history of drinking; and exhibited severe memory regression, physical disabilities, psychological distress, and low QoL. The difference between the groups achieved statistical significance (p < .05). After performing logistical regression analysis to control demographic variables, we found that QoL and ADL were critical for predicting MCI. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: This study confirmed that QoL and ADL correlate significantly with MCI in older people. Maintaining an open and supportive community enables older people to maintain sufficient mental activity, which has been shown to reduce MCI. These findings may provide an important reference for policy makers, educators, researchers, and community practitioners in their development of service strategies for older people.
Efficacy of Fibrin Sealant for Drainage Reduction in Total Thyroidectomy with Bilateral Central Neck Dissection

Objective To investigate the efficacy of fibrin sealant (FS) for reducing postoperative drainage in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) with bilateral central neck dissection (CND) for papillary thyroid cancer. Study Design Prospective randomized trial. Setting Tertiary care institution. Subjects and Methods Seventy-eight patients with papillary thyroid cancer were enrolled and randomized to either the FS application group (FS+, 38 patients) or no FS application group (FS–, 40 patients). In both groups, postoperative drainage amounts were measured by a negative suction system until the criterion of drain removal was met. Drainage amounts as well as the time to drain removal, postoperative complications, and chemical profile assay of drain fluids between the 2 groups were performed. Results Drainage amounts at the initial 24 hours as well as total amounts of the FS+ group tended to be lower than those of the FS– group; however, they were not statistically different (at initial 24 hours, 64.3 ± 17.5 mL vs 73.0 ± 18.0 mL, P = .06; total amounts, 93.5 ± 30.7 mL vs 105.7 ± 31.2 mL, P = .05). The FS application did not shorten the time to drain removal even when different criteria for drain removal were applied (criteria of <20 mL/d or <30 mL/d). When chemistry profiles of collected drain fluids were analyzed in patient subgroups, the level of triglycerides in the FS+ group was significantly lower than in the FS– group. Conclusion Fibrin sealant has no additional advantage in terms of drainage reduction and early discharge despite the additional medical cost.
Histologic Evaluation of Soft Tissue Integration of Experimental Abutments for Bone Anchored Hearing Implants Using Surgery Without Soft Tissue Reduction

Objective The protocol for bone-anchored hearing implants (e.g., Baha®) surgery involves reduction of soft tissues around the abutment to minimize the risk of skin-related complications. It is hypothesized that good soft tissue outcomes may be achieved without performing skin reduction if improved abutment designs and/or materials are used that provide enhanced integration with surrounding soft tissues. The aim of the study was to investigate soft tissue response to different abutment designs/materials. Methods Thirty-six Baha implants and abutments were inserted in the skull of six sheep without performing soft tissue reduction. Four different abutments were used: 1) standard Baha abutments, 2) hydroxyapatite-coated standard Baha abutments, 3) concave titanium abutments, and 4) hydroxyapatite-coated concave abutments. Healing times of 1, 2, and 4 weeks were used (2 animals per time point). Samples were analyzed using descriptive histology and morphometric measurements, and results were compared using Wilcoxon’s signed-ranked test. Results Histologic assessment showed healthy soft tissues around the abutments with limited or no signs of inflammation. Hydroxyapatite-coated abutments showed tight adherence with dermis and limited epidermal downgrowth and pocket formation. Weaker adherence, often associated with significant epidermal downgrowth and pocket formation, was noted for noncoated titanium abutments. The mean pocket depth for abutment types A, B, C, and D was 1.38, 0.42, 1.51, and 0.24 mm, respectively. The difference between C and D was statistically significant (p = 0.031). Conclusion The results showed enhanced dermal adherence and reduced epidermal downgrowth and pocket formation for hydroxyapatite-coated abutments, with the most significant effect recorded for the hydroxyapatite-coated abutments with a concave shape.