Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of the attitude towards refugee students scale Mülteci öğrencilere yönelik tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi

Recent years have witnessed an internal disturbance and an environment of war in Syria which resulted in a dense immigration from Syria to Turkey. Most of the immigrants coming from Syria to Turkey are under-18 people. In this sense, along with the all other problems, enabling these refugee students to access the education is regarded an important issue. A considerable number of Syrian refugees have been educated in Temporary Education Centers (TES) while some of them have been studying in public schools after necessary legal regulations have been conducted. At this point, it becomes important that Syrian refugee students adapt well to Turkish education system and to access to quality education. Therefore, the current study aims at developing and valid and reliable scale to determine the attitudes of students towards refugee students. The data of the study were gathered from a total of 251 students studying in secondary schools in which Syrian students study in Ankara, Mamak and in 2016-2016 education year. Results of the study revealed that item-total and adjusted item-total correlations were calculated over . 41 and that all the items were statistically significant. Results of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) mirrored that scale items yielded a single factor. Results of the study showed that Attitude towards Refugee Students Scale (ATRSC) was a valid and reliable scale which can be used in related studies. Ozet Son yillarda ozellikle Suriye’de yasanan ic karisiklik ve olusan savas ortami, Turkiye’ye yogun bir gocun yasanmasina neden olmustur. Turkiye’ye goc eden multecilerin onemli bir kismini 18 yas altindaki cocuklar olusturmaktadir. Bu baglamda, diger butun sorunlarla birlikte multeci cocuklarin egitime erisim saglamalari onemli bir sorun olarak gorulmektedir. Suriyeli multecilerin onemli bir kismi Gecici Egitim Merkezleri’nde (GEM) egitim gormekte, bir kismi ise yapilan gerekli yasal duzenlemelerle devlet okullarina devam etmektedirler. Bu noktada Suriyeli multeci cocuklarin Turk egitim sistemine uyum saglamalari ve nitelikli bir egitime erisim saglamalari onem kazanmaktadir. Bu nedenle, mevcut calisma kapsaminda Turk egitim sistemi icinde yer alan ogrencilerin multeci ogrencilere yonelik tutumlarini belirlemek uzere gecerli ve guvenilir bir olcek gelistirmek amaclanmistir. Arastirmanin verileri, 2016-2017 ogretim yilinin guz doneminde Ankara Ili Mamak ilcesinde Suriyeli ogrencilerin bulundugu ortaokullarda ogrenim goren 251 ogrencilerden toplanmistir. Arastirma sonuclari olcegin madde toplam ve madde duzeltilmis korelasyonlarinda elde edilen korelasyon katsayilarinin . 41’in uzerinde oldugunu ve tum maddelerin istatiksel olarak manidar oldugunu gostermistir. Yapilan acimlayici faktor analizi (AFA) sonucunda olcek maddelerinin tek boyut altinda toplandigi gorulmustur. Arastirma sonuclari Multeci Ogrencilere Yonelik Tutum Olceginin (MOYTO) ilgili arastirmalarda kullanilabilecek gecerli ve guvenilir bir olcme araci oldugunu gostermektedir.
Current consumption dynamics at instruction and program level for a VLIW DSP processor

The paper describes a new methodology for analyzing low-level current dynamics at the instruction level and the program level for a VLIW DSP processor core. An efficient methodology for software power analysis is presented, which, unlike other research supports dynamic current analysis and complex VLIW processor cores. Analysis of high bank register allocation, equivalent functional construct usage, and program-based current, power, and energy is presented. The basic principles and methods developed throughout this research are general and applicable to complex pipelined processors. The research is important for analyzing and designing secure power-efficient DSP embedded applications.
Questioning flecainide's mechanism of action in the treatment of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

Flecainide attenuates cardiac Ca2+ cycling abnormalities in malignant catecholaminetriggered arrhythmias but its mechanism of action remains highly contentious. We read with interest the study of Yang et al. (2016) that used in silico predictions in an attempt to determine the relative contribution of block by flecainide of ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) and the Na+ channel to the overall therapeutic effect of this drug in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Flecainide’s actions were modelled by considering its inhibition of the Na+ current (INa) and RyR2 in combination and individually. The authors conclude that the effects of the drug on Na+ channels are insufficient to explain its efficacy in CPVT, while its block of RyR2 alone was as effective as the combined block of INa and RyR2. Our concerns about the usefulness of this approach are twofold:
Moral responsibility, personal regulation, and helping others: A cultural approach to moral reasoning in U.S. evangelical Christian cultures

The way that people think about moral responsibility and personal freedom in their moral judgments is a complex issue that has been extensively theorized and researched from the perspective of Social Domain Theory. In this study, I offer a cultural reinterpretation of the Social Domain Theory of moral reasoning to examine how judgments about helping others are linked to cultural visions of morality and personal freedom within U.S. evangelical Christian religious cultures. Sixteen parent–child dyads from an evangelical Christian church produced conversations in response to hypothetical vignettes about helping others in need. Mixed quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed conceptions of personal freedom that prioritized personal regulation of self in line with standards for helping actions and desires determined by God, rather than personal determination of correct action and desire. Findings are interpreted and discussed in light of local conceptions of morality, self, and helping. I conclude by using these findings to illuminate the role of culture in constituting domains of social knowledge.
In Vitro Infection of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus

ABSTRACT GB virus C (GBV-C), also known as hepatitis G virus, is a recently discovered flavivirus-like RNA agent with unclear pathogenic implications. To investigate whether human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are susceptible to in vitro GBV-C infection, we have incubated PBMC from four healthy blood donors with a human GBV-C RNA-positive serum. By means of (i) strand-specific reverse transcription-PCR, cloning, and sequencing; (ii) sucrose ultracentrifugation and RNase sensitivity assays; (iii) fluorescent in situ hybridization; and (iv) Western blot analysis, it has been demonstrated that GBV-C is able to infect in vitro cells and replicate for as long as 30 days under the conditions developed in our cell culture system. The concentration of GBV-C RNA increased during the second and third weeks of culture. The titers of the genomic strand were 10 times higher than the titers of the antigenomic strand. In addition, the same predominant GBV-C sequence was found in all PBMC cultures and in the in vivo-GBV-C-infected PBMC isolated from the donor of the inoculum. GBV-C-specific fluorescent in situ hybridization signals were confined to the cytoplasm of cells at different times during the culture period. Finally, evidence obtained by sucrose ultracentrifugation, RNase sensitivity assays, and Western blot analysis of the culture supernatants suggests that viral particles are released from in vitro-GBV-C-infected PBMC. In conclusion, our study has demonstrated, for the first time, GBV-C replication in human lymphoid cells under experimental in vitro infection conditions.
A time-dependent anisotropic diffusion image smoothing method

In this paper, a time-dependent anisotropic diffusion image smoothing method is proposed with attempting to address the limitations in the traditional algorithms. To this end, we suggest a new diffusion coefficient and set the parameters that are the Gaussian scale and the gradient threshold gradually decreasing with time, which is significant to preserve edge and boundary features. The stopping time is dependent on an iterative SNR measure, so as to avoid the excessive smoothing problem. An efficient numerical schema is used for the method implementation. Experimental results represent that the time-dependent anisotropic diffusion image smoothing method is capable of reducing noise efficiently and preserving shaper boundaries.
The achievable rate of stationary rayleigh flat-fading channels with IID input symbols

In this work, we derive a new upper bound on the achievable rate of stationary Rayleigh flat-fading channels with i.i. d. input symbols. The novelty lies in the fact that this bound is not restricted to peak power constrained input symbols like known bounds, e.g., in [1] or [2]. Therefore, the derived upper bound can also be used to evaluate the achievable rate with i.i. d. proper Gaussian input symbols, which are capacity achieving in the coherent case. The derivation of the upper bound is based on the prediction error variance of the one-step channel predictor.
Approach for Calculating Error Rates of Linearly Modulated Signals over Generalized Fading Channels

We present a uniied analytical framework to determine the exact average symbol-error-rate (SER) of linearly modulated signals over generalized fading channels. The results are applicable to systems employing coherent demodulation with maximal-ratio combining multichannel reception. The analyses assume independent fading paths which are not necessarily identically distributed. In all cases the proposed approach leads to an expression of the average SER involving a single nite-range integral which can be easily computed numerically. In addition, as special cases, SER expressions for single channel reception are obtained. These expressions reduce to well-known solutions, give alternate (often simpler) expressions for previous results, or provide new formulas which are either closed-form expressions or simple to compute numerically. Keywords (1) Communication system performance (2) Land mobile radio data communication (3) Multipath fading channels (4) Nakagami fading (5) Phase shift keying (6) Quadrature amplitude modulation (7) Maximal ratio combining diversity.
Fault Diagnosis of Partial Discharge in the Transformers Based on the Fuzzy Neural Networks

Transformer is a very important equipment in the power system. In order to ensure security and stability of the work,it is an urgent demand to carry on a fault diagnosis of partial discharge. This paper presents an approach of combination of wavelet singularity detection theory and fuzzy neural network to carry on a fault diagnosis of partial discharge. The experimental results show that this method is an effective way in fault diagnosis of partial discharge.
FADD/MORT1 regulates the pre‐TCR checkpoint and can function as a tumour suppressor

Productive rearrangement of the T‐cell receptor (TCR) β gene and signalling through the pre‐TCR–CD3 complex are required for survival, proliferation and differentiation of T‐cell progenitors (pro‐T cells). Here we identify a role for death receptor signalling in early T‐cell development using a dominant‐negative mutant of the death receptor signal transducer FADD/MORT1 (FADD‐DN). In rag‐1−/− thymocytes, which are defective in antigen receptor gene rearrangement, FADD‐DN bypassed the requirement for pre‐TCR signalling, promoting pro‐T‐cell survival and differentiation to the more mature pre‐T stage. Surprisingly, differentiation was not accompanied by the proliferation that occurs normally during transition to the pre‐T stage. Consistent with a role for FADD/MORT1 in this cell division, FADD‐DN rag‐1−/− pro‐T cells failed to proliferate in response to CD3ϵ ligation. Concomitant signalling through the pre‐TCR and death receptors appears to trigger pro‐T cell survival, proliferation and differentiation, whereas death receptor signalling in thymocytes that lack a pre‐TCR induces apoptosis. Later in life all FADD‐DN rag‐1−/− mice developed thymic lymphoma, indicating that FADD/MORT1 can act as a tumour suppressor.
A Visual Lambda-Calculator Using Typed Mind-Maps

Lambda calculus is an influential and extensively-used notation for describing computable functions, and mind-mapping is widely used as an expression of radiant thinking via a powerful graphical technique. In this paper, we introduce a completely visual representation based on typed mind maps to represent steps of calculation for a pure untyped lambda calculator, VLM. This visual representation has several advantages over traditional textual and visual calculators. VLM uses typed mind maps for both the lambda calculator input and ouput. Although VLM is designed as a computable typed mind maps node of our Typed Mind Maps API project, it can also be applied to learning and teaching the concepts of lambda calculus as a visualization of traditional textual rewrite steps. Moreover, the lambda calculus queries and the results of queries are both represented as FreeMind files, and that allows them to be organized and deployed easily. However, the Mind-Mapping of lambda calculus is interesting and elegant in its own right.
Drama and user-centered methods in design

Drama project is a multidisciplinary research project funded by the Academy of Finland and run by HIIT (Helsinki Institute for Information Technology) and Helsinki Polytechnic degree programme in Performing arts. Projects focus is people over fifty years and at their attitudes and opinions about retirement. Members of four work communities consisting of 178 users have been studied. In this paper we focus on one of these communities, 15 users.
Quantum dot/antibody conjugates for in vivo cytometric imaging in mice

Significance One of the key questions in biology is understanding how cells move, interact, and evolve in living organisms. Tremendous efforts have been made to answer these questions in vitro, which have yielded a molecular-level understanding of cellular events. However, an increasing number of studies indicate that cellular activities need to be understood in the context of their natural environments. Single-cell labeling methods in use currently involve immunohistochemistry, genetic manipulation, or irradiation of mice, none of which reflect the native microenvironments. Here, we report quantum dot immunoconstructs that can be used for intravital imaging of single cells in unmanipulated mice and multiplexed in vivo cytometric analysis of rare cell populations. Multiplexed, phenotypic, intravital cytometric imaging requires novel fluorophore conjugates that have an appropriate size for long circulation and diffusion and show virtually no nonspecific binding to cells/serum while binding to cells of interest with high specificity. In addition, these conjugates must be stable and maintain a high quantum yield in the in vivo environments. Here, we show that this can be achieved using compact (∼15 nm in hydrodynamic diameter) and biocompatible quantum dot (QD) -Ab conjugates. We developed these conjugates by coupling whole mAbs to QDs coated with norbornene-displaying polyimidazole ligands using tetrazine–norbornene cycloaddition. Our QD immunoconstructs were used for in vivo single-cell labeling in bone marrow. The intravital imaging studies using a chronic calvarial bone window showed that our QD-Ab conjugates diffuse into the entire bone marrow and efficiently label single cells belonging to rare populations of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (Sca1+c-Kit+ cells). This in vivo cytometric technique may be useful in a wide range of structural and functional imaging to study the interactions between cells and between a cell and its environment in intact and diseased tissues.
Applicability of Antibody and mRNA Expression Microarrays for Identifying Diagnostic and Progression Markers of Early and Late Stage Colorectal Cancer

The exact molecular background and the connection between protein and mRNA expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression are not completely elucidated. Our purposes were the identification of protein markers of colorectal carcinogenesis and progression using protein arrays and validation on tissue microarrays. The connection between antibody and mRNA expression array results was also examined. Using cancerous and adjacent normal samples from 10 patients with early and 6 with advanced CRC, 67 differentially expressed genes were identified between normal and cancerous samples. A marker set containing 6 proteins (CCNA1, AR, TOP1, TGFB, HSP60, ERK1) was developed which could differentiate normal specimen, early and late stage CRC with high sensitivity and specificity. Dukes D stage samples were analyzed on HGU133plus2.0 microarrays. In these samples, mRNA and protein expression of 143 genes showed strong positive correlations (R2 > 0.8), while a negative correlation (R2 > 0.9) was found in case of 95 genes. Based on our results a correlation could be established between transcriptome and antibody array results, hence the former may be used as a high-capacity screening method before applying antibody arrays containing already planned targets. Antibody microarrays may have a fundamental importance in testing of marker combinations and future application in diagnostics of tumorous diseases.
Formulistic Detection of Malicious Fast-Flux Domains

Botnet creates harmful network attacks nowadays. Lawbreaker may implant malware into victim machines using botnets and, furthermore, he employs fast-flux domain technology to improve the lifetime of botnets. To circumvent the detection of command and control server, a set of bots are selected to redirect malicious communication and hides botnet communication within normal user traffic. As the dynamics of fast-flux domains, blacklist mechanism is not efficient to prevent fast-flux botnet attacks. It would be time consuming to examine the legitimacy of the domain of all the network connections. Therefore, a lightweight detection of malicious fast-flux domains is desired. Based on the time-space behavior of malicious fast-flux domains, the network behavior of domains are formulistic in this study to reduce the time complexity of feature modeling. According to the experimental results, the malicious fast-flux domains collected from real networks are identified efficiently and the proposed solution outperforms the blacklists.
Rangeland herd and herder mobility in dry intertropical zones : multi-agent systems and adaptation

In the Sahel, the question of interactions between rangeland herding practices and the environment lies at the hert of the debate concerning sustainable development. There is disagreement about the question of Sahelian herd mobility, which remains necessary for some while for others it is outmoded, and which is judged in terms of its environmental impact. There are also many questions regarding the influence of socio-economic policies on herder behaviour. [. ] We performed two modelling experiment on the theme of mobility as a means of adaptation. The first experiment studies the relation between movement strategies and the dynamics of resources in space, while the second studies the social relations maintained by herders in order to botain access to rangelands and water. To this end, we used the multi-agent modelling method. This method is based on the representation of entites which interact directly with each other or via the environment. In this article, we present the methods and describe the two modelling experiments. We conclude with a discussion on the use of such models. (Resume d'auteur)
social support and parental stress among parents of young children with autism spectrum disorder: an international comparison of United States and China

Parents of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more likely to experience high parental stress compared to other parents, and social support has been identified in previous research as an effective buffer against stress. However, limited research has evaluated the associations between different types of social support and stress in parents of young children with ASD, the possible impact of cultural background on parents’ stress levels, and their use and experience of social support. The goal of this study was to examine the association between perceived, received, informal, and formal social support and parental stress level among U.S. and Chinese parents of young children (ages 0-6) suspected or diagnosed with ASD. Results showed that a high percentage of parents in both samples experienced high levels of parental stress: 81% in the U.S. sample and 96% in the Chinese sample. U.S. parents’ (n = 64, mean age = 35 years) stress levels decreased as their perceived support increased. However, none of the four types of social support, individually or combined, were significantly associated with parental stress among Chinese parents (n = 45, mean age = 32 years). The results implied that ASD programs in the United States and China need to include parental stress as one of the foci of intervention. Additionally, due to the growing foreign and immigrant populations in the United States, ASD programs need to have a service delivery model that can accommodate to the needs of families with diverse cultural backgrounds.
Narratives about Displacement and Stigmatization of Identities

The displacement of people who leave their home to live in the streets is one of the social dramas commonly found in large urban areas. Despite forming a heterogeneous population group, these people are seen by society as one homogenous crowd, grouped together based on the generalizations of negative categorizations attributed to them. This article analyzes the displacement storytelling of a woman who lost her house to heavy rainstorms, which forced her to go live in the streets with her seven youngest children. Based on the concepts of membership categorization analysis, stigma and talking back, we aim to investigate how this former street dweller refutes the stigmatized identities that she knows are attributed to her, as well as how she claims an alternative identity. Her narrative was produced in the context of an interview for research on life stories. The results show that the storyteller seeks to build a coherent narrative for her own self by adopting a belief system to organize her life story and by providing explanations to the events in her life. Accordingly, she blames the street dwellers’ deviant behavior on the street environment, and also claims her status as a member of the “family” collection by invoking the dominant discourse on motherhood as an ideal of female fulfillment. Ultimately, this study highlights the importance of knowing the native categories, that is, the categories created by the members of the group whose actions are being studied, which challenge the categories conceived by outsiders.