Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients With Thin Primary Cutaneous Melanoma

ObjectivesTo determine the rate and clinicopathologic factors predictive of sentinel lymph node (SLN) positivity, regional lymph node recurrence, and survival in a large series of patients with thin primary cutaneous melanoma who underwent SLN biopsy (SLNB). Methods:Patients with thin (⩽1 mm) melanomas who underwent SLNB between 1992 and 2009 at Melanoma Institute Australia were identified from the Melanoma Institute Australia database. The association of clinicopathologic features with SLN status, lymph node recurrence, and survival was analyzed. Results:In 432 patients [226 men, 206 women; median age 49.5 years (range: 14.4–85.0 years)], SLNB was positive for metastatic melanoma in 29 (6.7%) patients. No SLN positivity was detected in 37 patients with primary tumor thickness 0.50 mm or less. Breslow thickness (P = 0.012) and presence of lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.018) were the only factors significantly associated with SLN positivity. Regional lymph node recurrence was significantly more common in tumors located in the head/neck region (4/33, 12%) than in extremities (3/245, 1.2%) and trunk (2/154, 1.3%) (P < 0.001). Primary tumor mitotic rate was a significant predictor of melanoma-specific survival (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.09–1.35, P < 0.001). Conclusions:There is a low but significant rate of SLN positivity in patients with primary melanomas 0.51 to 1.0 mm in thickness. Given its prognostic importance, SLNB should be considered in such patients, particularly if there is lymphatic permeation by melanoma at the primary tumor site. More frequent regional node field recurrences in patients with head/neck primary tumors may be a consequence of complex lymphatic drainage patterns in this region.
Physicochemical characterization and enzymatic degradation of casein microcapsules prepared by aqueous coacervation

The use of biopolymers in sustained release systems has been studied by many research groups because of the bioavailability and biodegradability of these compounds. Casein is a natural biopolymer whose degradation results in biologically utilisable compounds. The objective of the present study was to assess the potential of casein microcapsules (CAS/MC) as sustained release systems using acetaminophen as a model drug. CAS/MC were prepared by aqueous coacervation in lactate buffer containing gelatin, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and lecithin. After preparation, the microcapsules were treated, or not, with glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. CAS/MC were loaded using two distinct procedures, either by dissolving 50% of the drug (w/w), relative to casein, in the polymer dispersion or by dissolving the drug in the coacervating solution. The drug present in CAS/MC was quantified by HPLC after an enzymatic degradation assay, and the CAS/MC were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetrical analysis). Loading of the drug was ~ 8% (w/w), with high resistance to enzymatic attack. The absence of an acetaminophen melting peak indicated that there was no drug present on the surface of the cross-linked systems. In addition, loading was accompanied by a reduction of the specific heat capacity of the systems, which suggests a decrease in stability. The outer morphology of the encapsulating polymer was affected by the process of microencapsulation. The data suggest that the microencapsulation process of aqueous coacervation and cross-linking is appropriate for the preparation of microencapsulated systems for sustained drug delivery.
On speaker-independent, speaker-dependent, and speaker-adaptive speech recognition

The DARPA Resource Management task is used as the domain to investigate the performance of speaker-independent, speaker-dependent, and speaker-adaptive speech recognition. The authors already have a state-of-the-art speaker-independent speech recognition system, SPHINX. The error rate for RM2 test set is 4.3%. They extended SPHINX to speaker-dependent speech recognition. The error rate is reduced to 1.4-2.6% with 600-2400 training sentences for each speaker, which demonstrated a substantial difference between speaker-dependent and -independent systems. Based on speaker-independent models, a study was made of speaker-adaptive speech recognition. With 40 adaptation sentences for each speaker, the error rate can be reduced from 4.3% to 3.1%. <<ETX>>
Prevalence of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection in Korean pigs

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Hierarchical Detail Enhancing Mesh-Based Shape Generation with 3D Generative Adversarial Network

Automatic mesh-based shape generation is of great interest across a wide range of disciplines, from industrial design to gaming, computer graphics and various other forms of digital art. While most traditional methods focus on primitive based model generation, advances in deep learning made it possible to learn 3-dimensional geometric shape representations in an end-to-end manner. However, most current deep learning based frameworks focus on the representation and generation of voxel and point-cloud based shapes, making it not directly applicable to design and graphics communities. This study addresses the needs for automatic generation of mesh-based geometries, and propose a novel framework that utilizes signed distance function representation that generates detail preserving three-dimensional surface mesh by a deep learning based approach.
Impact of Age on the Quality of Lymphadenectomy for Colorectal Cancer

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of patient age on the number of lymph nodes dissected during surgery for colorectal cancer. Clinical and histopathological data of 231 consecutive patients who underwent elective surgery for colorectal cancer were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into those aged ≤70 years and >70 years. Our findings suggest that patient's age influences the number of lymph nodes detected in surgical specimens; this number was lower in patients aged >70 years and decreased with further aging.
Predictors and Comparisons of Polydrug and Non-Polydrug Cocaine Use in Club Subcultures

Background/Objectives: Club drug users have been shown to tend towards patterns of polydrug use, which has been linked to adverse health outcomes, such as impaired mental health, overdose, dependence, infectious disease exposure, and decreased cognitive functioning. Methods: We analyzed data from the Club Drugs and Health Project, a study designed to examine the patterns and contexts of club drug use among young adults. Four-hundred recent club drug users were recruited through time-space sampling. Results: Among recent cocaine users (n = 361), 61.2% were polydrug users. Male gender was predictive of polydrug cocaine use (OR = 1.66). Gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) sexual orientation, White race, and Non-Latino ethnicity were not. No differences in mental health factors were found between cocaine polydrug users and users of only cocaine. However, polydrug users were significantly more likely to score high on drug-related sensation seeking as well as to use drugs to deal with unpleasant emotions and to have pleasant times with others. Conclusions: Prevention and intervention efforts should account for contextual and motivational factors in attempting to reduce polydrug use and its negative effects.
Experimental Study of 0.18µm and 65nm SRAM SEUs Induced by Heavy Ions, High Energy Protons and Low Energy Protons on Orbits

The SEU rates of 65nm SRAM and 0. 18μm SRAM on orbits are experimentally studied. SEUs are tested with heavy ions, high energy protons and low energy protons by accelerator. The SEU rates induced by heavy ion direct ionizing, proton nuclear reaction and proton direct ionizing on LEO and GEO are calculated respectively based on the experiment data. The results that which factor contributes more to the total SEU rates are given.
Small antenna over an engineered ground plane

We present a study on the performance of a small antenna over an engineered ground plane. The paper is mainly divided into two parts. In the first part, a miniaturized simple surface is designed to have in-phase reflection to incident waves normal to its surface. Such 1-D artificial magnetic conductor surface (AMC) is then extended to a 2-D design. Reduced size versions including loss effects are discussed. Comparisons between simulations and measurements are shown. In the second part of this paper, a small wire is placed in close proximity to a single unit cell of the surface. A simple model is presented to clarify how matching is achieved. The footprint of such system, realized using FR-4, encompassing the radiator and the AMC surface on a finite ground plane is about 0.04 of the free space wavelength, with a maximum gain of 4 dBi.
Large Monochromatic Components in Edge Colored Graphs with a Minimum Degree Condition

It is well-known that in every $k$-coloring of the edges of the complete graph $K_n$ there is a monochromatic connected component of order at least ${n\over k-1}$. In this paper we study an extension of this problem by replacing complete graphs by graphs of large minimum degree. For $k=2$ the authors proved that $\delta(G)\ge{3n\over 4}$ ensures a monochromatic connected component with at least $\delta(G)+1$ vertices in every $2$-coloring of the edges of a graph $G$ with $n$ vertices. This result is sharp, thus for $k=2$ we really need a complete graph to guarantee that one of the colors has a monochromatic connected spanning subgraph. Our main result here is that for larger values of $k$ the situation is different, graphs of minimum degree $(1-\epsilon_k)n$ can replace complete graphs and still there is a monochromatic connected component of order at least ${n\over k-1}$, in fact $$\delta(G)\ge \left(1 - \frac{1}{1000(k-1)^9}\right)n$$ suffices. Our second result is an improvement of this bound for $k=3$. If the edges of $G$ with $\delta(G)\geq {9n\over 10}$ are $3$-colored, then there is a monochromatic component of order at least ${n\over 2}$. We conjecture that this can be improved to ${7n\over 9}$ and for general $k$ we conjecture the following: if $k\geq 3$ and $G$ is a graph of order $n$ such that $\delta(G)\geq \left( 1 - \frac{k-1}{k^2}\right)n$, then in any $k$-coloring of the edges of $G$ there is a monochromatic connected component of order at least ${n\over k-1}$.
The evolution of migration patterns during urbanization in Peru

In this paper I will suggest that the core of Zelinskys hypothesis "that there are definite patterned regularities in the growth of personal mobility through space-time during recent history" is relevant to the analysis of population migration at regional and local levels. The objective of my study was to examine a relatively small area in the southern Peruvian highlands to see whether a definite spatial and temporal structure of migration could be identified. I relied principally on migration histories so I was dealing with movements within the memories of the oldest living inhabitants. My analysis is therefore restricted in both time and space compared with Zelinskys model but it deals with specific local and regional time-space patterns to put flesh on the bones of his abstract global hypothesis. What I will call the "migration transition" encompasses the change from Zelinskys Phase I or "premodern traditional society" to Phase II "early transitional society. " (excerpt)
Perovskite solar cells stabilized by carbon nanostructure-P3HT blends

We present the use of covalently functionalized carbon nanostructures (CNSs) such as single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), as conductive nanofillers in a P3HT matrix. We propose a simple approach for the preparation of the active blends used as hole transport layer (HTL) in mesoporous perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We demonstrate that for both SWCNT and GNP nanofillers, power conversion efficiencies (~10%) and shelf life stabilities (over 3240 hours) are improved with respect to PSCs using bare P3HT as the HTL.
A Performance Study of Bandwidth Measurement Tools over Mobile Connections

The knowledge of the present available bandwidth on a network path is essential in numerous contexts, such as network management and streaming applications. A network path nowadays often contains at least one wireless link. This is obviously true for mobile users having a wireless connection to the Internet through a laptop or mobile terminal. The existing tools for measuring end-to-end available bandwidth are developed and optimized for paths with only guided media links. Since the characteristics for wired links and radio links differ in many aspects, such as fluctuations in capacity and stability, the network tools need to be evaluated also for network paths containing wireless links. In this investigation we have performed experiments over a high-speed downlink UMTS channel. This makes the present paper unique in the sense that it evaluates and analyzes the applicability of available-bandwidth measurement tools over a radio interface in a wide-area mobile communication network. For the experiments, a commercial mobile network has been used. The measurements show that it is feasible to achieve reliable estimates under certain circumstances. However, some cases pose challenges which motivate further studies.
Circadian Regulation and Function of Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Individual neurons within the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCNs) are capable of functioning as autonomous clocks and generating circadian rhythms in the expression of genes that form the molecular clockworks. Limited information is available on how these molecular oscillations in individual clock cells are coordinated to provide for the ensemble rhythmicity that is normally observed from the entire SCN. Because calcium influx via voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) has been implicated in the regulation of gene expression and synchronization of rhythmicity across the population of SCN clock cells, we first examined the rat SCN and an immortalized line of SCN cells (SCN2.2) for expression and circadian regulation of different VDCC α1 subunits. The rat SCN and SCN2.2 cells exhibited mRNA expression for all major types of VDCC α1 subunits. Relative levels of VDCC expression in the rat SCN and SCN2.2 cells were greatest for L-type channels, moderate for P/Q- and T-type channels, and minimal for R- and N-type channels. Interestingly, both rat SCN and SCN2.2 cells showed rhythmic expression of P/Q- and T-type channels. VDCC involvement in the regulation of molecular rhythmicity in SCN2.2 cells was then examined using the nonselective antagonist, cadmium. The oscillatory patterns of rPer2 and rBmal1 expression were abolished in cadmium-treated SCN2.2 cells without affecting cellular morphology and viability. These findings raise the possibility that the circadian regulation of VDCC activity may play an important role in maintaining rhythmic clock gene expression across an ensemble of SCN oscillators.
On the Stability of Higher‐Order Continuum (HOC) Equations for Hybrid HOC/DSMC Solvers

Our interest in the stability analysis of the high‐order continuum (HOC) equations is motivated by the relevance to the development of a hybrid method combining such equations with the Direct Simulation Monte‐Carlo (DSMC) technique for the computation of hypersonic flows in all regimes — continuum, transition, and rarefied. The hybrid approach allows the effects of thermophysics (thermal and chemical non‐equilibrium) and turbulence to be included much more easily than in other approaches, and can easily be developed into a robust and efficient engineering tool for practical 3D hypersonic computations. Stability characteristics of model HOC equations when subjected to small disturbances are investigated. We explore the feasibility of simplified, yet accurate and numerically stable, versions of the HOC equations and extend our previous work to include multidimensional Burnett equations, with the specific example of the Augmented Burnett models. The latter is shown to have a much wider stability regime than .
A two-county comparison of the HOUSES index on predicting self-rated health

Background Mortality, incidence of most diseases, and prevalence of adverse health behaviours follow an inverse gradient with social class. Many proxies for socioeconomic status (SES) exist; however, each bears a different relation to health outcomes, probably following a different aetiological pathway. Additionally, data on SES can be quite difficult to gather. Five measures of SES were compared, including a novel measure, the HOUSES index, in the prediction of self-rated health (SRH) in two Midwestern settings, Olmsted County, Minnesota, and Jackson County, Missouri. Methods Using a probability sampling design, a cross-sectional telephone survey was administered to a randomised sample of households. The questionnaire collected a variety of sociodemographic and personal health information. The dependent variable, SRH, was dichotomised into excellent/very good/good versus fair/poor health. Information for the HOUSES index was collected through public property records and corroborated through the telephone questionnaire. Participants were parents/guardians of children aged 1–17 residing in Olmsted County (n=746) and Jackson County (n=704). Results The HOUSES index was associated with adverse SRH in Jackson County adults. All five SES measures were significant predictors in this group. Composite SES indices showed significant associations with SRH in Olmsted County adults. Conclusions The HOUSES index makes a unique contribution to the measurement of SES and prediction of health outcomes. Its utility is qualified by specific social contexts, and it should be used in concert with other SES indices.
cAMP signalling protects proximal tubular epithelial cells from cisplatin‐induced apoptosis via activation of Epac

Nephrotoxicity is the principal dose‐limiting factor for cisplatin chemotherapy and is primarily associated with proximal tubular epithelial cells, including disruption of cell adhesions and induction of apoptosis. Cell adhesion and survival is regulated by, amongst other factors, the small GTPase Rap and its activator, the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac). Epac is particularly enriched in renal tubule epithelium. This study investigates the cytoprotective effects of cAMP–Epac–Rap signalling in a model of cisplatin‐induced renal cell injury.
Hearth and Campfire Influences on Arterial Blood Pressure: Defraying the Costs of the Social Brain through Fireside Relaxation

The importance of fire in human evolutionary history is widely acknowledged but the extent not fully explored. Fires involve flickering light, crackling sounds, warmth, and a distinctive smell. For early humans, fire likely extended the day, provided heat, helped with hunting, warded off predators and insects, illuminated dark places, and facilitated cooking. Campfires also may have provided social nexus and relaxation effects that could have enhanced prosocial behavior. According to this hypothesis, calmer, more tolerant people would have benefited in the social milieu via fireside interactions relative to individuals less susceptible to relaxation response. Using a randomized crossover design that disaggregated fire's sensory properties, pre-posttest blood pressure measures were compared among 226 adults across three studies with respect to viewing simulated muted-fire, fire-with-sound, and control conditions, in addition to tests for interactions with hypnotizability, absorption, and prosociality. Results indicated consistent blood pressure decreases in the fire-with-sound condition, particularly with a longer duration of stimulus, and enhancing effects of absorption and prosociality. Findings confirm that hearth and campfires induce relaxation as part of a multisensory, absorptive, and social experience. Enhancements to relaxation capacities in the human social brain likely took place via feedback involving these and other variables.
Combining velocity and Location-Specific Spatial Clues in Trajectories for Counting Crowded Moving Objects

Trajectory-clustering-based methods have shown a good performance in counting moving objects in densely crowded scenes. However, they still fall into trouble in complex scenes, such as with the close proximity of moving objects, freely moving parts of objects, and different object size in different locations of the scene. This paper proposes a new method combining velocity and location-specific spatial clues in trajectories to deal with these problems. We first extract the velocities of a trajectory over its life-time. To alleviate confusion around the boundary regions between close objects, extracted velocity information is utilized to eliminate unreal-world feature points on objects' boundaries. Then, a function is introduced to measure the similarity of the trajectories integrating both of the spatial and the velocity clues. This function is employed in the Mean-Shift clustering procedure to reduce the effect of freely moving parts of the objects. To address the problem of various object sizes in different regions of the scene, we suggest a technique to learn the location-specific size distribution of objects in different locations of a scene. The experimental results show that our proposed method achieves a good performance. Compared with other trajectory-clustering-based methods, it decreases the counting error rate by about 10%.