Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACTIVITY PROFILE OF WORLD‐CLASS PROFESSIONAL SURFERS DURING COMPETITION: ACASE STUDY

The activity profile of men's competitive surfing was investigated during an international contest. Forty-two male surfers were filmed during 42 elimination heats. Surfers' activities were classified into 1 of 4 distinct categories (paddling, wave riding, stationary, and miscellaneous). The surfers were paddling and stationary 51% (25–70%) and 42% (23–72%) of the total time, respectively. Wave riding accounted for 4% (2–7%) of the total time, whereas miscellaneous activity accounted for the remaining 2% (0.1–6%) of the total time. The frequency (average number of motions in a heat) of each activity was 26 for paddling (15–37); 17 for stationary (10–26); 5 for wave riding (2–8); and 6 for miscellaneous activity (1–13). The mean duration lengths of the activities were 30.1 seconds (1–286 seconds), 37.7 seconds (1–413 seconds), 11.6 seconds (1–44 seconds), and 5 seconds (1–31 seconds) for paddling, stationary, wave riding, and miscellaneous activities, respectively. Most of the paddling bouts (±60%) were performed at time intervals of between 1 and 20 seconds. Approximately 50% (50.9%) of the rest intervals were between 1 and 20 seconds in duration. The results showed that surfing is an intermittent activity characterized by a large variability and random distribution of each parameter analyzed. This information can be used to assist in the development of fitness training programs and physiological testing for competitive surfers.
Long-Term Quality of Life After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in ARDS Survivors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an increasingly prevalent treatment for acute respiratory failure (ARF). To evaluate the impact of ECMO support on long-term outcomes for critically ill adults with ARF. Methods: We searched electronic databases 1948 through to November 30 2016; selected controlled trials or observational studies of critically ill adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome, examining long-term morbidity specifically health-related quality of life (HRQL); 2 authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality. Analysis: Of the 633 citations, 1 randomized controlled trial and 5 observational studies met the selection criteria. Overall quality of observational studies was moderate to high (mean score on Newcastle-Ottawa scale, 7.2/9; range, 6-8). In 3 studies (n = 245), greater decrements in HRQL were seen for survivors of ECMO when compared to survivors of conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) as measured by the Short Form 36 (SF-36) scores ([ECMO-CMV]: 5.40 [95% confidence interval, CI, 4.11 to 6.68]). As compared to CMV survivors, those who received ECMO experienced significantly less psychological morbidity (2 studies; n = 217 [ECMO-CMV]: mean weighted difference [MWD], −1.31 [95% CI, −1.98 to −0.64] for depression and MWD, −1.60 [95% CI, −1.80 to −1.39] for anxiety). Conclusions: Further studies are required to confirm findings and determine prognostic factors associated with more favorable outcomes in survivors of ECMO.
Die Kluft öffnet sich. Herkunftseffekteauf die schulischen Leistungen verstärken sich im Verlauf der Primarschule

Die Reproduktion herkunftsspezifischer Ungleichheiten in der Bildungsbeteiligung geschieht vorwiegend aufgrund von Leistungsdisparitaten im fruhen Schulverlauf. Deren Entstehung und Entwicklung verdient deshalb besondere Aufmerksamkeit. Anhand einer Langsschnittstichprobe von 1714 Primarschulerinnen und -schulern untersuchen wir, wie sich die Deutsch- und Mathematikleistungen zwischen Schulkindern mit unterschiedlich hohem Bildungsniveau der Eltern in den letzten drei Primarschuljahren entwickeln. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich herkunftsbedingte Leistungsdisparitaten bis zum Ubertritt in die Sekundarstufe I deutlich vergrossern. Dies zeigt sich selbst bei gleichen kognitiven Grundfahigkeiten und gleichem Vorwissen beim Schuleintritt. Somit sind nicht nur die Startchancen beim Schuleintritt sozial ungleich verteilt, sondern auch die schulischen Entwicklungsmoglichkeiten.
Half-Cycle Resonance Tracking for Inductively Coupled Wireless Power Transmission System

Resonance tracking technology is indispensable in inductively coupled wireless power transmission applications to counteract the detuning. In this paper, an ultrafast resonance tracking method is proposed that can accomplish resonance tracking within one-half oscillation cycle. The proposed method is implemented by synchronizing the operating frequency to the damped natural frequency, which occurs in close proximity to the resonance frequency. In addition, the tracking principle and tracking error theory are described in detail based on unloaded and loaded circuit models. A prototype is implemented and performance aspects including tracking accuracy, transient characteristics, induction voltage stability, and efficiency improvement are tested. The experimental results validate both the half-cycle tracking principle and the tracking error theory, where the tracking error is within 1.3% over the full range. Using the proposed method, the resonance tracking performance reaches the dynamic characteristic limit of the resonance loop, and is ten times that of a classical phase-locked loop-based tracking solution. This method could compensate for high-frequency detuning of up to several of kilohertz, caused by mechanical vibration and the chopper actions of the loads. The proposed method can be widely applied in the field, where both accurate and fast resonance tracking are required.
Changes in Skeletal Muscle with Aging: Effects of Exercise Training

There is an approximate 30% decline in muscle strength and a 40% reduction in muscle area between the second and seventh decades of life. Thus, the loss of muscle mass with aging appears to be the major factor in the age-related loss of muscle strength. The loss of muscle mass is partially due to a significant decline in the numbers of both Type I and Type II muscle fibers plus a decrease in the size of the muscle cells, with the Type II fibers showing a preferential atrophy. There appears to be no loss of glycolytic capacity in senescent skeletal muscle whereas muscle oxidative enzyme activity and muscle capillarization decrease by about 25%. Vigorous endurance exercise training in older people, where the stimulus is progressively increased, elicits a proliferation of muscle capillaries, an increase in oxidative enzyme activity, and a significant improvement in VO2max. Likewise, progressive resistive training in older individuals results in muscle hypertrophy and increased strength, if the training stimulus is of a sufficient intensity and duration. Since older individuals adapt to resistive and endurance exercise training in a similar fashion to young people, the decline in the muscle's metabolic and force-producing capacity can no longer be considered as an inevitable consequence of the aging process. Rather, the adaptations in aging skeletal muscle to exercise training may prevent sarcopenia, enhance the ease of carrying out the activities of daily living, and exert a beneficial effect on such age-associated diseases as Type II diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, and obesity.
The moderation of environmental dynamism between R&D outsourcing and firm innovation performance

R&D outsourcing has become a new trend and gains more and more concern in recent years. This study empirically examines the moderation of environmental dynamism which both novel and routine R&D outsourcing influences firms' innovation performance. Based on 70 samples of industrial firms in China, the results indicate that environmental dynamism moderates the relationship between novel R&D outsourcing intensity and firm innovation performance while it does not moderate the routine R&D outsourcing intensity and firm innovation performance.
Coordination Patterns Related to High Clinical Performance in a Simulated Anesthetic Crisis

BACKGROUND: Teamwork is an integral component in the delivery of safe patient care. Several studies highlight the importance of effective teamwork and the need for teams to respond dynamically to changing task requirements, for example, during crisis situations. In this study, we address one of the many facets of “effective teamwork” in medical teams by investigating coordination patterns related to high performance in the management of a simulated malignant hyperthermia (MH) scenario. We hypothesized that (a) anesthesia crews dynamically adapt their work and coordination patterns to the occurrence of a simulated MH crisis and that (b) crews with higher clinical performance scores (based on a time-based scoring system for critical MH treatment steps) exhibit different coordination patterns. METHODS: This observational study investigated differences in work and coordination patterns of 24 two-person anesthesia crews in a simulated MH scenario. Clinical and coordination behavior were coded using a structured observation system consisting of 36 mutually exclusive observation categories for clinical activities, coordination activities, teaching, and other communication. Clinical performance scores for treating the simulated episode of MH were calculated using a time-based scoring system for critical treatment steps. Coordination patterns in response to the occurrence of a crisis situation were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and the relationship between coordination patterns and clinical performance was investigated using hierarchical regression analyses. Qualitative analyses of the three highest and lowest performing crews were conducted to complement the quantitative analysis. RESULTS: First, a multivariate analysis of variance revealed statistically significant changes in the proportion of time spent on clinical and coordination activities once the MH crisis was declared (F [5,19] = 162.81, P < 0.001, &eegr;p2 = 0.98). Second, hierarchical regression analyses controlling for the effects of cognitive aid use showed that higher performing anesthesia crews exhibit statistically significant less task distribution (&bgr; = −0.539, P < 0.01) and significantly more situation assessment (&bgr; = 0.569, P < 0.05). Additional qualitative video analysis revealed, for example, that lower scoring crews were more likely to split into subcrews (i.e., both anesthesiologists worked with other members of the perioperative team without maintaining a shared plan among the two-person anesthesia crew). CONCLUSIONS: Our results of the relationship of coordination patterns and clinical performance will inform future research on adaptive coordination in medical teams and support the development of specific training to improve team coordination and performance.
Analysis of 28 Chinese Cases of Bilateral Nevus of Ota and Therapeutic Results With the Q-Switched Alexandrite Laser

BACKGROUND Nevus of Ota is a dermal melanocytic lesion that presents as bluish hyperpigmentation along the first or second branch of the trigeminal nerve. It is common in Asians. However, bilateral involvement is rare. There has been no detailed report on bilateral involvement in Chinese people. OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical data on bilateral nevus of Ota in Chinese patients and determine the efficacy of pulsed q-switched alexandrite laser treatment. METHODS Twenty-eight cases of bilateral nevus of Ota were diagnosed by clinical appearance, and detailed clinical data were collected. A q-switched alexandrite laser was used for treatment. RESULTS The incidence of bilateral nevus of Ota was 1.4% (28 of 1985). More than 3 regions were involved in most patients (96.4%), and symmetrical lesions were observed in approximately 60% of cases (17 of 28). The lesion was seen at or soon after birth in 15 patients (53.6%); two-thirds of these patients (10 of 15) had ocular or mucosal involvement. The therapeutic results were excellent or good in 17 cases; the group that received more than 3 treatments and age of starting treatment being less than 6 years had better therapeutic results. CONCLUSION The pulsed q-switched alexandrite laser is an effective treatment, and earlier intervention with more sessions achieves better results.
HER-2/neu in node-negative breast cancer: prognostic significance of overexpression influenced by the presence of in situ carcinoma.

PURPOSE Amplification and/or overexpression of the HER-2/neu oncogene have been shown to correlate with poor clinical outcome in patients with axillary node-positive breast cancer. In contrast, the prognostic significance of HER-2/neu in node-negative disease is controversial. This study was undertaken to evaluate further the relationship between HER-2/neu and clinical outcome in node-negative disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Overexpression of HER-2/neu was evaluated by permanent-section immunohistochemistry in tumors from 613 patients with long-term clinical follow-up enrolled in the Intergroup Study 0011. Patients were stratified into low-risk (n = 307) and high-risk (n = 306) groups on the basis of tumor size and estrogen-receptor (ER) status. Low-risk patients were defined as having small (less than 3 cm), ER-positive tumors and were observed without additional treatment after initial surgery. High-risk patients had either ER-negative or large (greater than or equal to 3 cm), ER-positive tumors and were randomized to be observed (n = 146) or to receive adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 160) after surgery. RESULTS The rate of HER-2/neu overexpression was 14.3% in all tumors combined and was higher in invasive carcinomas with (21.5%) than without (11.2%) a significant noninvasive or in situ histologic component (P less than .0001). There was no relationship between overexpression and clinical outcome in the natural history setting of combined low-risk and high-risk patients not receiving adjuvant therapy (n = 453). Based on the reasoning that the influence of HER-2/neu may have been obscured by high-risk features and/or the presence of noninvasive carcinoma, we also analyzed the subset of patients with low-risk lesions not containing a significant in situ component (n = 179). Patients of this group with HER-2/neu-positive tumors showed only 40% disease-free survival (DFS) at 5 years, compared with over 80% in patients with HER-2/neu-negative tumors (P less than .0001). A similar inverse correlation was observed between overexpression and overall survival in the same group of patients (P = .0001). In a separate analysis involving patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, those with HER-2/neu-negative tumors showed significantly improved DFS in response to therapy compared with patients with HER-2/neu-positive tumors. CONCLUSION Overexpression of HER-2/neu is associated with poor clinical outcome in a subset of node-negative patients with small, ER-positive, predominantly invasive tumors and may play a role in resistance to adjuvant chemotherapy.
Release of renin and angiotensin II into plasma and lymph during hyperchloremia.

Renal vascular resistance (RVR) was related to intrarenal release of renin (RR) and angiotensin II (ANG II) during increases in plasma osmolality (Posmol) or chloride (PCl). Intrarenal infusions of 1.232 M solutions given to in situ kidneys increased Posmol by 7-18%. Hypertonic dextrose (n = 8) reduced RVR (P less than 0.005) but increased RR into plasma (P less than 0.01) and increased lymph renin (LR) (P less than 0.05). The response to hypertonic Na acetate (n = 5) was similar, but hypertonic NaCl (n = 9) increased RVR (P less than 0.02) without changing RR. During infusion of arachidonic acid (AA), hypertonic NaCl increased RVR (P less than 0.02) but decreased RR into plasma and decreased LR (P less than 0.05). Overall group mean changes in RVR were inversely related to LR (r = -0.96; P less than 0.01). An increase in PCl of 12 +/- 1 mmol/l was induced in denervated kidneys by changing an intrarenal 0.616 M infusion of Na acetate to NaCl. Hyperchloremia increased RVR from 14 +/- 2 to 19 +/- 2 mmHg . ml-1 . min-1 . kg-1 (P less than 0.01), reduced GFR from 1.4 +/- 0.1 to 1.1 +/- 0.1 ml . min-1 . kg-1 (P less than 0.01), and reduced ANG II (pg/ml) in renal venous plasma (55 +/- 6 to 35 +/- 6; P less than 0.05) and lymph (366 +/- 111 to 209 +/- 53; P less than 0.05). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
In vitro and in vivo inhibition of mitogen‐driven T‐cell activation by recombinant interferon beta

Recombinant interferon beta (rIFNβ) is being tested as experimental immunotherapy for exacer-bating-remitting MS. To clarify the possible mechanisms of a therapeutic response to rIFNβ in MS patients, we conducted studies on the effects of rIFNβ on mitogen-driven T-cell activation by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with concanavalin A (ConA) or with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies in the presence or absence of rIFNβ. We monitored T-cell activation using proliferation assays or by expression of surface activation markers detected by flow cytometry. In vitro rIFNβ, in concentrations μ10 U/ml, inhibited PBMC proliferation or surface expression of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), transferrin receptor, or CD2. In contrast, rIFNγ augmented mitogen-driven IL-2R expression. PBMC isolated from normal volunteers or MS patients responded to ConA and rIFNβ in a similar manner. We conducted pilot in vivo studies in exacerbating-remitting MS patients participating in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of rIFNβ. PBMC were isolated from study participants immediately before and 24 hours after a weekly study injection. IL-2R expression by T cells was determined following a ConA stimulus. While there was no significant change following placebo injection, rIFNβ recipients showed significantly reduced ConA-driven IL-2R expression following study injection. The results document in vitro and in vivo inhibition of mitogen-driven T-cell activation by rIFNβ. This suggests a possible mechanism underlying a therapeutic response to rIFNβ in MS patients.
New Perspectives on Multi-Prover Interactive Proofs

The existing multi-prover interactive proof framework suffers from incompleteness in terms of soundness and zero-knowledge that is not completely addressed in the literature. The problem is that the existing definitions of what is local, entangled and no-signalling are not rich enough to capture the full generality of multi-prover interaction. In general, existing proofs do not take into account possible changes in locality either during a protocol's execution or when protocols are composed together. This is especially problematic for zero-knowledge, as composing commitments is the only known way of achieving zero-knowledge outside of some NP-intermediate languages. In this work, we introduce the locality hierarchy for multiparty (multi-round) interaction, and for the first time a complete definition of multi-round multiparty no-signalling distributions and strategies. Within this framework, we define the locality of a protocol which involves the provers, verifiers, simulators and distinguishers. We show that an existing protocol for NEXP [BFL90] and a zero-knowledge variant we introduce are sound in a local sense, but are zero-knowledge in a sense that is even stronger than usually understood. All prior claims of zero-knowledge proofs in the multi-prover model were actually incorrect. Finally, we present similar constructions for entangled and no-signalling prover sets for NEXP and EXP based on [IV12] and [KRR14] using new multi-prover commitment schemes.
Multinomial logistic regression model to assess the levels in trans, trans-muconic acid and inferential-risk age group among benzene-exposed group

There are only a few studies performed on multinomial logistic regression on the benzene-exposed occupational group. A study was carried out to assess the relationship between the benzene concentration and trans-trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA), biomarkers in urine samples from petrol filling workers. A total of 117 workers involved in this occupation were selected for this current study. Generally, logistic regression analysis (LR) is a common statistical technique that could be used to predict the likelihood of categorical or binary or dichotomous outcome variables. The multinomial logistic regression equations were used to predict the relationship between benzene concentration and t,t-MA. The results showed a significant correlation between benzene and t,t-MA among the petrol fillers. Prediction equations were estimated by adopting the physical characteristic viz., age, experience in years and job categories of petrol filling station workers. Interestingly, there was no significant difference observed among experience in years. Petrol fillers and cashiers having a higher occupational risk were in the age group of ≤24 and between 25 and 34 years. Among the petrol fillers, the t,t-MA levels with exceeding ACGIH TWA-TLV level was showing to be more significant. This study demonstrated that multinomial logistic regression is an effective model for profiling the greatest risk of the benzene-exposed group caused by different explanatory variables.
TIPS AND STEP-BY-STEP PROTOCOL FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF IMPORTANT FACTORS AFFECTING CELLULAR ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (CELISA)

CELISA, or cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, is a powerful and easy to use technique to study cell surface antigens under different stimulations. Nevertheless, some factors [11] must be discussed and optimized prior to reaching a reproducible CELISA. These include the choice of cell density, fixative agent, blocking agent, culture medium, optimal antibody dilutions, and incubation time. In this paper, we first present a short review of some references devoted to CELISA by means of a comparison of these parameters, followed by their description. Then, we describe and study these different parameters using practical examples comparing TNF-induced ICAM-1 expression as an end point, on HBL melanoma and HUVEC. These cell lines were also chosen because they differ in their ability to grow as discontinuous and continuous layers, respectively. Furthermore, we designed a comprehensive flow chart, as well as a complete step-by-step protocol for CELISA optimization.
Usefulness of the 2005 International Society of Urologic Pathology Gleason grading system in prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens

To determine whether the 2005 International Society of Urologic Pathology (ISUP) Gleason Grading Consensus is clinically more useful than the conventional Gleason score (CGS), we compared the CGS and ISUP GS (IGS) of prostate needle biopsy (NB) and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens, and evaluated the prognostic value of the ISUP GS.
Locally focused 3D coronary imaging using volume‐selective RF excitation

This paper describes a locally focused magnetic resonance (MR) imaging method for three‐dimensional (3D) zonal echoplanar coronary angiography using volume‐selective radiofrequency (RF) excitation. Spatially variable resolution was used for delineating coronary arteries and reducing the effect of residual signals caused by the imperfect excitation profile of the RF pulse. The use of variable resolution enabled the derivation of basis functions having different spatial characteristics pertaining to regional object details, and a significantly smaller number of phase‐encoded signal measurements was needed for image reconstruction. Based on the relative significance of each required phase‐encoding step, real‐time phase‐encode reordering was used to minimize the effect of respiratory motion during coronary imaging. To eliminate Nyquist ghosting in oblique echoplanar imaging, the echoplanar data acquired during forward and reverse echoes were reconstructed separately and then averaged with spatial registration for improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio. The technique was evaluated with phantom experiments and right coronary artery images of 11 asymptomatic volunteers using a 0.5 T MR system. A marked improvement in image quality has been achieved despite a 30% reduction in imaging time. Magn Reson Med 41:171‐178. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.