Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model-Driven Development of Versioning Systems : An Evaluation of Different Approaches

This paper analyzes the domain of versioning systems and compares three approaches to generating such systems from models. In the first approach, we define a domainspecific modeling language as a lightweight extension of UML and use templates to generate a middleware-based versioning system. In the second approach, we define a domain-specific data definition and manipulation language that can be embedded in versioning system applications and map this language to SQL. In the third approach, we assemble the specification of a versioning system in Executable UML using model transformations. The presented approaches are evaluated from the perspective of developer productivity and performance of generated systems.
Extended Boolean Matrix Decomposition

With the vast increase in collection and storage of data, the problem of data summarization is most critical for effective data management. Since much of this data is categorical in nature, it can be viewed in terms of a Boolean matrix. Boolean matrix decomposition (BMD) has been used to provide concise and interpretable representations of Boolean data sets. A Boolean matrix can be expressed as a product of two Boolean matrices, where the first matrix represents a set of meaningful concepts, and the second describes how the observed data can be expressed as combinations of those concepts. Typically, the combination is only in terms of the set union. In other words, a successful Boolean matrix decomposition gives a set of concepts and shows how every column of the input data can be expressed as a union of some subset of those concepts. However, this way of modeling only incompletely represents real data semantics. Essentially, it ignores a critical component -- the set difference operation: a column can be expressed as the combination of union of certain concepts as well as the exclusion of other concepts. This has two significant benefits. First, the total number of concepts required to describe the data may itself be reduced. Second, a more succinct summarization may be found for every column. In this paper, we propose the extended Boolean matrix decomposition (EBMD) problem, which aims to factor Boolean matrices using both the set union and set difference operations. We study several variants of the problem, show that they are NP-hard, and propose efficient heuristics to solve them. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the power of EBMD.
Helicobacter pylori Infection Inhibits Phagocyte Clearance of Apoptotic Gastric Epithelial Cells

Increased apoptotic death of gastric epithelial cells is a hallmark of Helicobacter pylori infection, and altered epithelial cell turnover is an important contributor to gastric carcinogenesis. To address the fate of apoptotic gastric epithelial cells and their role in H. pylori mucosal disease, we investigated phagocyte clearance of apoptotic gastric epithelial cells in H. pylori infection. Human gastric mononuclear phagocytes were analyzed for their ability to take up apoptotic epithelial cells (AECs) in vivo using immunofluorescence analysis. We then used primary human gastric epithelial cells induced to undergo apoptosis by exposure to live H. pylori to study apoptotic cell uptake by autologous monocyte-derived macrophages. We show that HLA-DR+ mononuclear phagocytes in human gastric mucosa contain cytokeratin-positive and TUNEL-positive AEC material, indicating that gastric phagocytes are involved in AEC clearance. We further show that H. pylori both increased apoptosis in primary gastric epithelial cells and decreased phagocytosis of the AECs by autologous monocyte-derived macrophages. Reduced macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells was mediated in part by H. pylori–induced macrophage TNF-α, which was expressed at higher levels in H. pylori–infected, compared with uninfected, gastric mucosa. Importantly, we show that H. pylori–infected gastric mucosa contained significantly higher numbers of AECs and higher levels of nonphagocytosed TUNEL-positive apoptotic material, consistent with a defect in apoptotic cell clearance. Thus, as shown in other autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, insufficient phagocyte clearance may contribute to the chronic and self-perpetuating inflammation in human H. pylori infection.
Explaining minority residents’ attitudes of ethnic enclave tourism from general perceptions of tourism impacts

ABSTRACT This study examined how Brazilian and Korean residents in two Japanese towns differed in their views of tourism in general and ethnic neighborhood tourism (ENT) focused on their own culture and if their perceptions of tourism in general translate into their corresponding attitudes about ENT. A series of MANOVAs revealed that Brazilian residents held more positive views toward tourism in general and ENT than their Korean counterparts. Although the two groups differed in their perception of community benefits from tourism in general, they demonstrated a similar mix of hopes and worries regarding ENT. Results from multiple regression analyses also revealed that minority residents’ perceptions of tourism in general can be a significant predictor of their attitudes toward ENT explaining 4–40% of variance in the Brazilian sample and 4–12% in the Korean sample. These findings imply that perceptions of general tourism are precursors to perceptions of specific, niche forms of tourism. In a practical sense, this study underscores the importance of inviting residents’ opinion into the tourism planning process, especially in ENT contexts. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed at the close of the paper.
The Approximate Solution of a Fredholm Integral Equation

In this paper we present two algorithms to calculate the approximate solution of a Fredholm integral equation. These approximation algorithms were obtained under the conditions of theorem of existence and uniqueness of the solution of this integral equation in the sphere ] , [ ) ; ( b a C r f B ⊂ , that has been presented in [14]. The approximate solution of this integral equation was obtained by applying the successive approximations method and for the approximate calculation of integrals that appear in the terms of the successive approximations sequence were used two quadrature formulas: the trapezoids formula and the rectangles formula, respectively. Keywords—Approximate solution, approximation algorithm, Fredholm integral equation, method of successive approximations, quadrature formula.
Performance of a multi-biomarker score measuring rheumatoid arthritis disease activity in the CAMERA tight control study

Objectives To evaluate the performance of individual biomarkers and a multi-biomarker disease activity (MBDA) score in the early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient population from the computer assisted management in early rheumatoid arthritis (CAMERA) study. Methods Twenty biomarkers were measured in the CAMERA cohort, in which patients were treated with either intensive or conventional methotrexate-based treatment strategies. The MBDA score was calculated using the concentrations of 12 biomarkers (SAA, IL-6, TNF-RI, VEGF-A, MMP-1, YKL-40, MMP-3, EGF, VCAM-1, leptin, resistin and CRP) according to a previously trained algorithm. The performance of the scores was evaluated relative to clinical disease activity assessments. Change in MBDA score over time was assessed by paired Wilcoxon rank sum test. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the ability of disease activity measures to predict radiographic progression. Results The MBDA score had a significant correlation with the disease activity score based on 28 joints-C reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) (r=0.72; p<0.001) and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for distinguishing remission/low from moderate/high disease activity of 0.86 (p<0.001) using a DAS28-CRP cut-off of 2.7. In multivariate analysis the MBDA score, but not CRP, was an independent predictor of disease activity measures. Additionally, mean (SD) MBDA score decreased from 53 (18) at baseline to 39 (16) at 6 months in response to study therapy (p<0.0001). Neither MBDA score nor clinical variables were predictive of radiographic progression. Conclusions This multi-biomarker test performed well in the assessment of disease activity in RA patients in the CAMERA study. Upon further validation, this test could be used to complement currently available disease activity measures and improve patient care and outcomes.
Recruitment and Retention in Youth Programs

Out-of-school time (OST) programs frequently struggle with recruitment and retention of youth in their programs. Recruitment and retention in OST programs can be thought of as two sides of the same coin: after the initial decision to try out a program, youth need to be continually recruited to keep attending, or to be retained in the program. Youth decide to participate (and to keep on participating) in programs based on a number of interacting intrapersonal, interpersonal, and contextual factors. Several approaches to understanding these factors are discussed, and suggest that youth are “active agents” in their own development; are influenced by their “ecology,” or social surroundings; and consciously plan their behavior. Youth attendance in programs is also influenced by a combination of social and peer factors, psychological processes, program structure, and context. Some specific methods and recommendations for increasing the success of recruitment and retention efforts are also provided. These recommendations are based on several youth development assumptions: (a) youth have power and ability to make conscious decisions about their activities and behaviors; (b) youth experience multiple influences on their OST program participation; (c) youth desire the opportunity to engage in “voice and choice;” and (d) authentic representation and participation of youth is crucial to all recruitment and retention efforts.
Minimizing intra class variations in multi-class common spatial patterns for motor imagery EEG signals

Brain Computer Interfaces have come a long way and have found practical use today. One of its major applications is controlling prosthetic devices for severely motor disabled patients. The Common Spatial Patterns is one the most efficient algorithms for extracting discriminative patterns for motor imagery tasks. The algorithm projects the data into a space where the discrimination between the classes is maximized. This algorithm is best suited for a two class paradigm. However, efficient algorithms for jointly approximately diagonalizing a set of matrices have made it possible to extend it to multi class problems. In this paper we use the QDIAG algorithm to approximately diagonalize variance matrices for more than two classes and our contribution to this is the optimization of the obtained filters so as to reduce the inter class dissimilarities for better discrimination. The results obtained show that this algorithm achieves better classification accuracies than other multi class feature extraction techniques.
Effects of Psychological Stress on Hypertension in Middle-Aged Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study

We examined the effect and relative contributions of different types of stress on the risk of hypertension. Using cluster sampling, 5,976 community-dwelling individuals aged 40–60 were selected. Hypertension was defined according to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee, and general psychological stress was defined as experiencing stress at work or home. Information on known risk factors of hypertension (e.g., physical activity levels, food intake, smoking behavior) was collected from participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations between psychological stress and hypertension, calculating population-attributable risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). General stress was significantly related to hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 1.247, 95% CI [1.076, 1.446]). Additionally, after adjustment for all other risk factors, women showed a greater risk of hypertension if they had either stress at work or at home: OR = 1.285, 95% CI (1.027, 1.609) and OR = 1.231, 95% CI (1.001, 1.514), respectively. However, this increased risk for hypertension by stress was not found in men. General stress contributed approximately 9.1% (95% CI [3.1, 15.0]) to the risk for hypertension. Thus, psychological stress was associated with an increased risk for hypertension, although this increased risk was not consistent across gender.
A shared control method for online human-in-the-loop robot learning based on Locally Weighted Regression

We propose a novel method that arbitrates the control between the human and the robot actors in a teaching-by-demonstration setting to form synergy between the two and facilitate effective skill synthesis on the robot. We employed the human-in-the-loop teaching paradigm to teleoperate and demonstrate a complex task execution to the robot in real-time. As the human guides the robot to perform the task, the robot obtains the skill online during the demonstration. To encode the robotic skill we employed Locally Weighted Regression that fits local models to specific state region of the task based on the human demonstration. If the robot is in the state region where no local models exist, the control over the robotic mechanism is given to the human to perform the teaching. When local models are gradually obtained in that region, the control is given to the robot so that the human can examine its performance already during the demonstration stage, and take actions accordingly. This enables a co-adaptation between the agents and contributes to a faster and more efficient teaching. As a proof-of-concept, we realised the proposed robot teaching system on a haptic robot with the task of generation of a desired vertical force on a horizontal plane with unknown stiffness properties.
Low-Redshift Intergalactic Absorption Lines in the Spectrum of HE 0226–4110

We present an analysis of the FUSE and HST STIS E140M spectra of HE 0226-4110 (z = 0.495). We detect 56 Lyman absorbers and five O VI absorbers. The number of intervening O VI systems per unit redshift with Wλ ≳ 50 mÅ is d𝒩(O )/dz ≈ 11. The O VI systems unambiguously trace hot gas only in one case. For the four other O VI systems, photoionization and collisional ionization models are viable options to explain the observed column densities of O VI and the other ions. If the O VI systems are mostly photoionized, only a fraction of the observed O VI will contribute to the baryonic density of the warm-hot ionized medium (WHIM) along this line of sight. Combining our results with previous ones, we show that there is a general increase of N(O VI) with increasing b(O VI). A comparison of the number of O I, O II, O III, O IV, and O VI systems per unit redshift shows that the low-z IGM is more highly ionized than weakly ionized. We confirm that photoionized O VI systems show a decreasing ionization parameter with increasing H I column density. O VI absorbers with collisional ionization/photoionization degeneracy follow this relation, possibly suggesting that they are principally photoionized. We find that the photoionized O VI systems in the low-redshift IGM have a median abundance of 0.3 solar. We do not find additional Ne VIII systems other than the one found by Savage et al., although our sensitivity should have allowed the detection of Ne VIII in O VI systems at T ~ (0.6-1.3) × 106 K (if CIE applies). The hot part of the WHIM with T > 106 K is believed to contain most of the baryons. However, this hot phase of the WHIM remains to be discovered with FUV-EUV metal-line transitions.
Advanced impulse Detection Based on pixel-wise MAD

A new method for impulse noise removal is presented, where a robust estimator of the variance, MAD (median of the absolute deviations from the median), is modified and used to efficiently separate noisy pixels from the image details. The algorithm is free of varying parameters, requires no previous training or optimization, and successfully removes all types of impulse noise. The pixel-wise MAD concept is straightforward, low in complexity, and achieves high filtering performance.
Impacts of Bad Data on the PMU based Line Outage Detection

Power systems become more prone to cyber-attacks due to the high integration of information technologies. In this paper, we demonstrate that the outages of some lines can be masked by injecting false data into a set of measurements. The success of the topology attack can be guaranteed by making that: 1)the injected false data obeys KCL and KVL to avoid being detected by the bad data detection program in the state estimation; 2)the residual is increased such that the line outage cannot be detected by PMU data. A quadratic programming problem is set up to determine the optimal attack vector that can maximize the residual of the outaged line. The IEEE 39-bus system is used to demonstrate the masking scheme.
Transient Studies in Large Offshore Wind Farms Employing Detailed Circuit Breaker Representation

Switching overvoltages (SOV) are considered a possible source of component failures experienced in existing offshore wind farms (OWFs). The inclusion of sufficiently accurate and validated models of the main electrical components in the OWF in the simulation tool is therefore an important issue in order to ensure reliable switching operations. Transient measurement results in an OWF are compared with simulation results in PSCAD EMTDC and DigSILENT Power Factory. A user-defined model of the vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) is included in both tools, capable of simulating multiple prestrikes during the closing operation. An analysis of the switching transients that might occur in OWFs will be made on the basis of the validated model, and the importance of the inclusion of a sufficiently accurate representation of the VCB in the simulation tool will be described. The inclusion of the VCB model in PSCAD greatly improves the simulation results, whereas little improvement is found in DigSILENT. Based on the transient study it is found that the simulated SOV can be up to 60% higher at the sending end when using the detailed VCB representation compared to the built-in switch, which emphasises the need for accurate representation of the VCB for energisation studies.
Details of the CFOR Planner

task flaw: If an abstract cannot be decomposed, the decision that added the abstract task is implicated in the failure. IPC threat: An IPC threat arises when the effect of some tasks violates an IPC. In this case, the decision that introduced the IPC and the decision that introduced the threatening task are both implicated. Codesignation violation: A codesignation violation occurs when two variables are constrained to both condesignate and noncodesignate with each other. In this case, all of the decisions that are involved in the codesignation and noncodesignation of that variable are implicated. Order-cycle: An order cycle occurs whenever there is a loop in the ordering relation over tasks: e.g. before(A,B) and before(B,A). As in codesignation constraints, we have to consider the decisions involved in the transitive computation of this cycle.
EVOLUTION OF AVIAN LOCOMOTION: CORRELATES OF FLIGHT STYLE, LOCOMOTOR MODULES, NESTING BIOLOGY, BODY SIZE, DEVELOPMENT, AND THE ORIGIN OF FLAPPING FLIGHT

AVIAN NESTING STRATEGIES, flight style, hatchling and adult body size, developmental precocial–altricial trajectories, and the origin of fl ight are frequently studied as separate topics rather than addressed as integrated and mutually dependent phenomena. Consider the following questions: What is the evolutionary basis of the precocial-to-altricial developmental spectrum observed among birds? Does fl ight profi ciency correlate with aspects of nesting biology among extant avian species? Are there reasonable alternative hypotheses to the popular arboreal–cursorial dichotomy regarding the origin of avian fl ight? In an attempt to address the above questions, I offer a model based on locomotion and life history that integrates nesting biology, fl ight capacity, body mass, morphological modularity, and stage at hatching among extant avian clades. Acknowledging that those variables are neither independent nor mutually exclusive, I suggest that the range and tendency for each factor be compared simultaneously and within an integrated matrix. Using a broad-brush approach, I provide a fi rst approximation of a synthetic viewpoint for evaluating locomotor and life-history features of birds. In addition, phylogenetic correlates are discussed in hope of stimulating future studies that test that thesis among living and extinct clades. I begin with a brief review of each of the fi ve criteria embedded in the model.
Evaluation of Vector Evaluated Particle Swarm Optimisation Enhanced with Non-dominated Solutions and Multiple Nondominated Leaders Based on WFG Test Functions

Multi Objective Optimisation (MOO) problem involves simultaneous minimization or maximization of many objective functions. One of MOO algorithms is Vector Evaluated Particle Swarm Optimization (VEPSO) algorithm. In VEPSO, each objective function is optimised by a swarm of particles under guidance of the best solution, known as leader, from another swarm. Recently, an improved VEPSO algorithm, namely VEPSO incorporated non-dominated solution (VEPSOnds), has been introduced by the use of non-dominated solution as leader. Then, the VEPSOnds algorithm is further modified with multi leaders, namely VEPSO with multi leaders (VEPSOml). The improved VEPSO algorithms have been subjected to a series of numerical experiments based on ZDT benchmark datasets. In this study, a more complex benchmark datasets called WFG, is considered for the evaluation of VEPSO, VEPSOnds, and VEPSOml algorithms.
Design of a Sensing Service Architecture for Internet of Things with Semantic Sensor Selection

The Internet of Things comprises a large number of "smart things" bringing in physical world data that help resolve the challenges (e.g., Environmental pollution) we face every day. With the prevalence of IoT, some platforms emerged (e.g., Xively) on which people are allowed to share or retrieve sensor data and deploy applications. It is, however, a challenge to search/select appropriate sensors among enormous sensors for a particular application in an efficient and effective way. This paper investigates context-aware sensor selection, identification of sensors characteristics, and the process of publishing services. We propose a sensing service architecture with a sensor search and selection method to efficiently select relevant sensors among a large set of available sensors. The context-dependent parameters for sensor selection proposed in this paper include user requirements and context properties of sensors (e.g., Accuracy, sensing range, residual energy). Moreover, the proposed architecture attempts to reduce excessive network traffic caused by frequent change of sensor states. We develop a prototype of the proposed architecture with semantic sensor selection which can be applied to many applications. The prototype can select proper sensors intelligently for users according to their requirements to develop their personalized applications. Our simulation results show that the proposed search/selection method can achieve longer network lifetime, as compared with traditional keyword-based search methods.