Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANNOTATION OF ERROR TYPES FOR GERMAN NEWS CORPUS

This paper will discuss the corpus annotation effort in the FLAG project and its application for assisting in the development of controlled language and grammar checking applications. The main aim of the German government funded FLAG project 1 is to develop technologies for controlled language (CL) and grammar checking applications for German. The project work has therefore been divided into two separate but complementary streams of activity. Firstly, the aim was to develop an modular NLP software architecture for quickly developing different kinds of CL and grammar checking applications. Secondly, to validate the first activity, it was seen as important to build up an empirical base for testing and formally evaluating checking components. Given the lack of existing annotated corpora of errors for German (or indeed for any language as far as the authors know), the construction of such a corpus was a high priority task. This would enable us not only to perform quantitative tests, but also to derive an empirically based typology of errors which the project could use for orientation. The corpus was particularly important given the approach which the FLAG project was taking to the task of grammar and controlled language checking, which relies on a phenomenon-oriented approach to the problem of identifying errors, using shallow processing techniques. In order to fine-tune the heuristics which are central to such an approach, i.e. one based on identifying “candidate errors” of increasing probability, it is essential to have good test suites annotated with respect to the phenomena under investigation. The annotation of the corpus was to be carried out in such a way that we could easily access and quantify snapshots of the data, for producing test suites for testing purposes and for producing statistics on the frequency of particular error types.
3 D Hand Tracker for Visual Sign Recognition

The gesture recognition process, in general, may be divided into two stages: motion sensing, which extracts useful data from hand motion; and the classification process, which classifies the motion sensing data as gestures. We have developed the vision based Hand Motion Understanding (HMU) system that recognises static and dynamic Australian Sign Language (Auslan) signs by extracting and classifying 3D hand configuration data from the visual input. The HMU system uses a combination of a 3D hand tracker for motion sensing, and an adaptive fuzzy expert system for classification. This paper explains the 3D hand tracker that extracts the changes in the 21 degrees-of-freedom parameters of the hand from a sequence of images. The tracker performance is successfully demonstrated by tracking the hand motions appearing in Auslan sign sequences.
Asians and Cash Dividends: Exploiting Symmetries in Pricing Theory

In this article we present new results for the pricing of arithmetic Asian options within a Black-Scholes context. To derive these results we make extensive use of the local scale invariance that exists in the theory of contingent claim pricing. This allows us to derive, in a natural way, a simple PDE for the price of arithmetic Asians options. In the case of European average strike options, a proper choice of numeraire reduces the dimension of this PDE to one, leading to a PDE similar to the one derived by Rogers and Shi. We solve this PDE, finding a Laplace-transform representation for the price of average strike options, both seasoned and unseasoned. This extends the results of Geman and Yor, who discussed the case of average price options. Next we use symmetry arguments to show that prices of average strike and average price options can be expressed in terms of each other. Finally we show, again using symmetries, that plain vanilla options on stocks paying known cash dividends are closely related to arithmetic Asians, so that all the new techniques can be directly applied to this case.
The impact of gender diversity on performance: The moderating role of industry, alliance network, and family-friendly policies – Evidence from Korea

Abstract This study analyzes the effects of gender diversity in management on organizational performance using Korea Workplace Panel Survey data for 2005, 2007, and 2009. Few studies have examined this relationship for firms outside the United States, particularly in Asian countries. Similar to previous research, our findings show that gender diversity in management has a U-shaped relationship with firm productivity. Second, the curvilinear relationship between gender diversity in management and firm productivity is stronger in service-oriented industries relative to manufacturing industries, with the highest level of employee productivity within homogeneous management groups. Third, we include a measure of workplace family-friendly policies to moderate the relationship between gender diversity in management and organizational performance. We find that the U-shaped pattern also holds in firms with a large number of family-friendly policies. This suggests that gender diversity in management has considerable influence on the productivity of Korean firms through interactions with family-friendly policies.
Supporting adaptation of web applications to the mobile environment with automated usability evaluation

The year 2014 marked an important shift in theWeb's history, as users started to spend more time surfing the web using mobile devices than using desktop computers. However, today, a large proportion of websites are still not designed for good mobile device access. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a new approach to adapting desktop-based web applications to the mobile environment. Our approach is supported by a task-based usability evaluation tool called MOBILICS, which is able to evaluate desktop-based web applications used in mobile devices. Based on the evaluation results, our tool provides detailed recommendations for fixing the detected usability problems. We conducted an experiment which demonstrates that our approach provides useful support for the adaptation of a desktop-based web application into a mobile version.
Load Early Detection (LED): A Congestion Control Algorithm Based on Routers' Traffic Load

Efficient bandwidth allocation and low delays remain important goals, especially in highspeed networks. Existing end-to-end congestion control schemes (such as TCP+AQM/RED) have significant limitations to achieve these goals. In this paper, we present a new and simple congestion control scheme, called Load Early Detection (LED), that achieves high link efficiency and low persistent queue length. The major novelty of LED is that it gauges the congestion level by measuring the traffic load instead of the queue length. We show analytically that this feature of LED enables it to detect congestion earlier and react faster than other schemes. To gain insight into the behavior of LED and compare it with RED, we analyze a simple fluid model, and study the relation between stability and throughput, especially for low delays. We evaluate the performance of LED using extensive ns2 simulations over a wide range of network scenarios. Our simulation results show that LED achieves significantly higher link efficiency than RED (up to 83%), REM (up to 141%), and PI controller (up to 88%), especially in the presence of low delays.
Stochastic k-Neighborhood Selection for Supervised and Unsupervised Learning

Neighborhood Components Analysis (NCA) is a popular method for learning a distance metric to be used within a k-nearest neighbors (kNN) classifier. A key assumption built into the model is that each point stochastically selects a single neighbor, which makes the model well-justified only for kNN with k = 1. However, kNN classifiers with k > 1 are more robust and usually preferred in practice. Here we present kNCA, which generalizes NCA by learning distance metrics that are appropriate for kNN with arbitrary k. The main technical contribution is showing how to efficiently compute and optimize the expected accuracy of a kNN classifier. We apply similar ideas in an unsupervised setting to yield kSNE and kt-SNE, generalizations of Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (SNE, t-SNE) that operate on neighborhoods of size k, which provide an axis of control over embeddings that allow for more homogeneous and interpretable regions. Empirically, we show that kNCA often improves classification accuracy over state of the art methods, produces qualitative differences in the embeddings as k is varied, and is more robust with respect to label noise.
Dysfunctional Cortical Connectivity During the Auditory Oddball Task in Patients with Schizophrenia

Background: We studied the imaginary coherence (IC) of gamma frequency oscillations between brain regions of male schizophrenia patients during an auditory oddball task using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG). Methods: Subjects were 10 right-handed male schizophrenia patients, evaluated by the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS), and 10 healthy controls. Functional connectivity during the auditory oddball task was reconstructed in low (30-50 Hz) and high (50-100 Hz) gamma bands, and represented by imaginary coherence (IC) based on significant oscillatory power changes. We calculated correlations between PANSS scores and IC. Results: In the high gamma band, IC between left occipital and right prefrontal lobe areas during the time window 750-1000 ms from stimulus onset showed negative correlations with total negative scores, total positive scores, the sum of positive and negative scores in PANSS, conceptual disorganization, and social avoidance scores. In the low gamma band, IC between the same areas from 250-500 ms also showed a negative correlation with the conceptual disorganization score. In the same time window, IC between left occipital and right frontoparietal lobe areas in the low gamma band showed a positive correlation with hallucinatory behavior; IC between right temporal pole and left prefrontal lobe areas showed a positive correlation with delusion scores, although these ICs were decreased relative to controls. Conclusions: Functional disconnection of high and low gamma bands in auditory oddball task may play an important role in the auditory processing in schizophrenia patients.
Alignment of videos recorded from moving vehicles

We address the synchronization of a pair of video sequences captured from moving vehicles and the spatial registration of all the temporally corresponding frames. This is necessary in order to perform the pixel wise comparison of a pair of videos. The novelty of our method is that is free from three common restrictions of most previous works. First, it does not require that the two cameras be rigidly fixed to each other, since they can move independently. Second, the temporal correspondence does not assume a linear mapping. Third, it does not rely on the complete trajectories of image features. We present our results in the context of two applications, outdoor surveillance at night and the comparison of vehicle headlights systems.
Hidden Markov Model-Based Modelling of Context-Dependent Phonemes Using Decision Tree-Based State Clustering

This paper discusses hidden Markov model-based context-dependent phoneme modelling and their associated problems, particulary data insufficiency and unseen triphones. The implementation of decision tree-based state clustering, a technique suitable for solving these problems, is discussed. This technique was first proposed in 1994 by Young, Woodland and Odell [1]. A triphone-based phoneme recognition system, constructed using decision tree-based state clustering, is compared to a baseline monophone-based recognition system.
An efficient simulation equivalence algorithm based on abstract interpretation

It is well known that simulation equivalence is an appropriate abstraction to be used in model checking because it strongly preserves ACTL * and provides a better space reduction than bisimulation equivalence. However, computing simulation equivalence is harder than computing bisimulation equivalence. A number of algorithms for computing simulation equivalence exist. Let Σ denote the state space, the transition relation and Psim the partition of Σ induced by simulation equivalence. The algorithms by Henzinger, Henzinger, Kopke and by Bloom and Paige run in O(|Σ|||)-time and, as far as time-complexity is concerned, they are the best available algorithms. However, these algorithms have the drawback of a quadratic space complexity that is bounded from below by Ω(|Σ| 2). The algorithm by Gentilini, Piazza, Policriti appears to be the best algorithm when both time and space complexities are taken into account. Gentilini et al.'s algorithm runs in O(|Psim| 2 ||)-time while the space complexity is in O(|Psim| 2 + |Σ| log(|Psim|)). We present here a new efficient simulation equivalence algorithm that is obtained as a modification of Henzinger et al.'s algorithm and whose correctness is based on some techniques used in recent applications of abstract interpretation to model checking. Our algorithm runs in O(|Psim|||)-time and O(|Psim||Σ|)-space. Thus, while retaining a space complexity which is lower than quadratic, our algorithm improves the best known time bound. An experimental evaluation showed very good comparative results with respect to Henzinger, Henzinger and Kopke's algorithm.
Androgen Receptor Promotes Ligand-Independent Prostate Cancer Progression through c-Myc Upregulation

The androgen receptor (AR) is the principal therapeutic target in prostate cancer. For the past 70 years, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the major therapeutic focus. However, some patients do not benefit, and those tumors that do initially respond to ADT eventually progress. One recently described mechanism of such an effect is growth and survival-promoting effects of the AR that are exerted independently of the AR ligands, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. However, specific ligand-independent AR target genes that account for this effect were not well characterized. We show here that c-Myc, which is a key mediator of ligand-independent prostate cancer growth, is a key ligand-independent AR target gene. Using microarray analysis, we found that c-Myc and AR expression levels strongly correlated with each other in tumors from patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progressing despite ADT. We confirmed that AR directly regulates c-Myc transcription in a ligand-independent manner, that AR and c-Myc suppression reduces ligand-independent prostate cancer cell growth, and that ectopic expression of c-Myc attenuates the anti-growth effects of AR suppression. Importantly, treatment with the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 suppressed c-Myc function and suppressed ligand-independent prostate cancer cell survival. Our results define a new link between two critical proteins in prostate cancer – AR and c-Myc – and demonstrate the potential of AR and c-Myc-directed therapies to improve prostate cancer control.
The Home of the Future: an Ethnographic Study of New Information Technologies in the Home

This paper explores the "Home of the Future" from the ethnographic perspective. It conceptualizes the home as a constellation of physical, technical, and social and cultural spaces, and asks the question of how these new information technologies fit into the household. Findings from the present research suggests that there is incomplete domestication of information technologies into the household, and that emerging technologies should pay close attention to the family's requirements for everyday living.
Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 18F-fluoro-A-85380 in healthy volunteers.

UNLABELLED This study reports on the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 2-(18)F-Fluoro-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine ((18)F-fluoro-A-85380), a promising radioligand for the imaging of central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). METHODS Whole-body scans were performed in 3 healthy male volunteers up to 2 h after intravenous injection of 137-238 MBq (18)F-fluoro-A-85380. Transmission scans (3 min per step, 8 or 9 steps according to the height of the subject) in 2-dimensional mode were used for subsequent correction of attenuation of emission scans. Emission scans (1 min per step) were acquired over 2 h. Venous blood samples were taken up to 2 h after injection of the radiotracer. Urine was freely collected up to 2 h after injection of the radiotracer. For each subject, the percentage of injected activity measured in regions of interest over brain, intestine, stomach, bladder, kidneys, and liver were fitted to a monoexponential model, as an uptake phase followed by a monoexponential washout, or to a biexponential model to generate time-activity curves. Using the MIRD method, ten source organs were considered in estimating radiation absorbed doses for organs of the body. RESULTS Injection of (18)F-fluoro-A-85380 was clinically well tolerated and blood and urine pharmacologic parameters did not change significantly. The primary routes of clearance were renal and intestinal. Ten minutes after injection, high activities were observed in the bladder, kidneys, and liver. Slow uptake was seen in the brain. The liver received the highest absorbed dose. The average effective dose of (18)F-fluoro-A-85380 was estimated to be 0.0194 mSv/MBq. CONCLUSION The amount of (18)F-fluoro-A-85380 required for adequate nAChR imaging results in an acceptable effective dose equivalent to the patient.
High-Quality Circuit Synthesis for Modern Technologies

Due to weaknesses in circuit synthesis methods used in today's CAD tools, the opportunities created by modern microelectronic technology cannot effectively be exploited. This paper considers the issues and requirements of circuit synthesis for the nano CMOS technologies, and discusses our new circuit synthesis technology that satisfies these requirements. The new technology considerably differs from all other known synthesis methods and overcomes their main weaknesses. The experimental results demonstrate that it produces very fast, compact and low-power circuits. The new technology has however many more major advantages that are discussed in the paper.
Self-system in a model of cognition

Philosophers, psychologists and neuroscientists have proposed various forms of a "self" in humans and animals. All of these selves seem to have a basis in some form of consciousness. The Global Workspace Theory (GWT) [Baars, 1988, 2003] suggests a mostly unconscious, many-layered self-system. In this paper, we consider several issues that arise from attempts to include a self-system in a software agent/cognitive robot. We explore these issues in the context of the LIDA model [Baars and Franklin, 2009; Ramamurthy et al., 2006] which implements the Global Workspace Theory.
The RGSGR amino-acid motif of HetN is required for patterning of heterocysts in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp . strain PCC 7120

Supporting information Figure S1. Transcriptional start points of petE and hetN. Agarose gel electrophoresis of RACE products from petE (A) and hetN (B). RNA was isolated from wild-type Anabaena grown with nitrogen (N+) or 21 h post-nitrogen step-down (N-). Lane designations are the same for panels A and B. Lane 1: 100 bp DNA Plus molecular weight marker (Bioneer); Lane 2: RNA-ligase-mediated-RACE products with N+
Optimized Sampling with Clustering Approach for Large Intrusion Detection Data

Data mining is a process of discovering useful information from a data set. In data mining, there is a classification technique that depends on sampling accuracy to acquire a more accurate result in data classification or prediction. Therefore, a necessity in getting a good-quality sampling is required. The primary purpose of this research paper is to obtain the optimum sampling representing the original data set. Through sampling, we could minimize the total data that need to be processed. Because large amount of data requires longer processing time, reducing the amount of data with sampling will speed up the process of computing. In this study we introduced a new sampling algorithm with clustering approach applied to a network security data set. Preliminary results showed that proposed method offer fine result for large data set sampling.
A vison-based grasping strategy for the mineral sorting

In industry application, e.g, mineral sorting, various mineral should be picked from the conveyer. The problem can be regarded as grasping prior unknown objects. In this paper, we aim to present a method to grasp the objects with a three-finger gripper guided by vision. Based on our previous works on attractive region, the way to locate a stable grasp is illustrated in the rotation space of the object. More specifically, the down-hill direction of the attractive region is used to guide the motion of the camera. And then, a grasp planar is proposed to generate hypothetic grasps from the contour of object. The vision and the grasping detection are coupled to reconstruct only few points for contacting, such that, the method can be conducted effectively. At last, the efficiency of the method is illustrated by a simulation.
Electron radiation damage mechanisms in 2D MoSe2

The contributions of different damage mechanisms in single-layer MoSe2 were studied by investigating different MoSe2/graphene heterostructures by the aberration-corrected high–resolution transmission electron microscopy (AC–HRTEM) at 80 keV. The damage cross–sections were determined by direct counting of atoms in the AC–HRTEM images. The contributions of damage mechanisms such as knock–on damage or ionization effects were estimated by comparing the damage rates in different heterostructure configurations, similarly to what has been earlier done with MoS2. The behaviour of MoSe2 was found to be nearly identical to that of MoS2, which is an unexpected result, as the knock-on mechanism should be suppressed in MoSe2 due to the high mass of Se, as compared to S.
Perturbation of Host Nuclear Membrane Component RanBP2 Impairs the Nuclear Import of Human Immunodeficiency Virus -1 Preintegration Complex (DNA)

HIV-1 is a RNA virus that requires an intermediate DNA phase via reverse transcription (RT) step in order to establish productive infection in the host cell. The nascent viral DNA synthesized via RT step and the preformed viral proteins are assembled into pre-integration complex (PIC) in the cell cytoplasm. To integrate the viral DNA into the host genome, the PIC must cross cell nuclear membrane through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). RanBP2, also known as Nup358, is a major component of the cytoplasmic filaments that emanates from the nuclear pore complex and has been implicated in various nucleo-cytoplasmic transport pathways including those for HIV Rev-protein. We sought to investigate the role of RanBP2 in HIV-1 replication. In our investigations, we found that RanBP2 depletion via RNAi resulted in profound inhibition of HIV-1 infection and played a pivotal role in the nuclear entry of HIV DNA. More precisely, there was a profound decline in 2-LTR DNA copies (marker for nuclear entry of HIV DNA) and an unchanged level of viral reverse transcription in RanBP2-ablated HIV-infected cells compared to RanBP3-depleted or non-specific siRNA controls. We further demonstrated that the function of Rev was unaffected in RanBP2-depleted latently HIV infected cells (reactivated). We also serendipitously found that RanBP2 depletion inhibited the global ectopic gene expression. In conclusion, RanBP2 is a host factor that is involved in the nuclear import of HIV-1 PIC (DNA), but is not critical to the nuclear export of the viral mRNAs or nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of Rev. RanBP2 could be a potential target for efficient inhibition of HIV.