Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Different Clerkship Models: Longitudinal Integrated, Hybrid, and Block

Purpose To examine student perceptions and learning outcomes of three different third-year clerkship models: a yearlong, longitudinal, integrated clerkship (LIC); six-month clerkships with continuity (hybrid); and traditional, discipline-specific block clerkships (BCs). Method The authors compared the perceptions regarding the clerkship year and the hidden curriculum, as well as the pre- and postclerkship academic performance, of third-year medical students participating in LIC, hybrid, and BC models between 2006 and 2010. Results Generally, LIC students rated the following clerkship experiences higher than did the hybrid and BC students: faculty teaching, faculty observation of clinical skills, feedback, and the clerkship overall. Students in the LIC observed more positive role-modeling behaviors and had more patient-centered experiences than BC students. All students preferred to see patients more than once, work within a consistent site or system, and work with a stable group of peers and faculty mentors over time. Whereas students in both the LIC and the hybrid models outperformed their BC counterparts in clinical skills, student performance on the U.S. Medical Licensing Exam Step 2 (clinical knowledge) was equivalent across models. Conclusions Key differences in student experiences and outcomes between the continuity clerkship models (LIC and hybrid) and BCs reinforce the literature and the educational framework for continuity in clinical learning. The benefits to student outcomes seem to increase with greater opportunities for continuity.
The Glass Transition of Hard Spherical Colloids

When suspended in a liquid, hard spherical colloidal particles can show fluid, crytalline and glassy phases. A light scattering study of the dynamics of the metastable fluid and glassy phases is reported. Comparison is made with the predictions of mode-coupling theories applied to the glass transition of simple atomic systems.
The quest for a ‘better life’: Second-generation Turkish-Germans ‘return’ to ‘paradise’

Background: This paper uses a lifestyle-migration lens to analyse the ‘return’ of the Turkish-German second generation to their parents’ homeland, Turkey. It focuses on a scenically attractive touristic region, Antalya on the south coast, where second-generation ‘returnees’ find a highly congenial environment to pursue their project of living a ‘better life’ in the ancestral homeland. Methods: Thirty in-depth interviews with second-generation Turkish-Germans, mostly in their 30s and 40s, were carried out in and around Antalya in 2014. Narratives were coded and prepared for thematic analysis using NVivo. Results: According to thematic analysis of interview narratives, many respondents were seeking to ‘escape’ from difficult personal, family, and economic situations. They mobilised their human capital of educational qualifications, language skills, and life experience to set up or get jobs in hotels, restaurants, and other tourist services, combining work with a relaxed attitude to life in what they saw as a ‘paradise’ of natural beauty and social open-mindedness. Alongside these practical considerations of seeking a better work-life balance were more existential themes of rediscovering their ‘true selves’ and reinventing the meaning of ‘home’ in this cosmopolitan niche. Contribution: The first contribution relates to the use of the concept of lifestyle migration to explain the experiences of second-generation Turkish-German 'returnees' who resettle in Turkey. Secondly we focus on a particular place in Turkey - Antalya - which offers a particular 'space' for the study population to achieve what they perceive as a 'better life'.
Classroom and Teacher Support in Kindergarten: Associations With the Behavioral and Academic Adjustment of Low-Income Students

For socioeconomically disadvantaged children, a positive experience in kindergarten may play a particularly important role in fostering the behavioral adjustment and learning engagement necessary for school success. Prior research has identified supportive student–teacher relationships and classroom emotional support as two features of the classroom context that can promote student adjustment; however, very few studies have examined these two aspects of the classroom context simultaneously. Given their modest intercorrelations, these dimensions of classroom context may have both unique and shared associations with child progress. This study followed the cases of 164 children as they transitioned from Head Start into elementary school, and regressions revealed significant unique associations between each type of kindergarten support and children’s aggressive behaviors, social withdrawal, learning engagement, and emergent literacy skills in first grade, controlling for their prekindergarten adjustment. In addition, learning engagement significantly mediated the association between a supportive relationship with the kindergarten teacher and first-grade literacy skills.
Organizations Coupled with Communities: The Strategic Effects on Firms Engaged in Community-Coupled Open Innovation

The study of open innovation has primarily focused on the benefits and consequences of inbound or outbound innovation exchange between firms; however, increasingly firms may be engaged in simultaneous inbound and outbound exchange forming a “coupled” approach. Furthermore, firms increasingly collaborate with communities as sources of innovation, but how does such “community-coupled open innovation” affect a firm? Through an in-depth study of 250 firms collaborating with a leading open source software community, we show how this approach incorporates not only the exchange of intellectual property but also the provision of help. We find that while community-coupled open innovation does not affect productivity, it can expand a firm’s social ties, lead to a more conservative strategic posture, and shift its innovation focus. Implications for our theories of open innovation in the context of communities are discussed.
Biotyping of Chlamydia psittaci based on inclusion morphology and response to diethylaminoethyl-dextran and cycloheximide

Strains of Chlamydia psittaci from cattle, sheep, pigs, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, and parrots were subdivided based on their biological characteristics. Chlamydiae grown in the yolk sac of chicken embryos were used to infect L cell monolayers. The host cells were infected without further treatment or treated with diethylaminoethyl-dextran, cycloheximide, or both. The following criteria were used for biotyping the strains: the morphology of the inclusions and time after infection at which they appeared, the effect of chlamydial multiplication on the host cell cytoskeleton, and the change in the number of cells infected in response to diethylaminoethyl-dextran and cycloheximide. These properties were determined for 29 strains of C. psittaci. Based on the results, the strains were placed into eight biotypes.
Melanic body colour and aggressive mating behaviour are correlated traits in male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)

Correlated traits are important from an evolutionary perspective as natural selection acting on one trait may indirectly affect other traits. Further, the response to selection can be constrained or hastened as a result of correlations. Because mating behaviour and body colour can dramatically affect fitness, a correlation between them can have important fitness ramifications. In this work, melanic (black) male mosquitofishes (Gambusia holbrooki) with temperature–sensitive body–colour expression are bred in captivity. Half of the sons of each melanic sire are reared at 19°C (and express a black body colour) and half are reared at 31°C (and express a silver body colour). The two colour morphs are placed in the same social setting and monitored for behavioural differences. Mating behaviour and colour are correlated traits. Mating behaviour differs markedly between the two phenotypes, despite high genetic relatedness. Melanic (black) phenotypes are more aggressive towards females, chasing them and attempting more matings than their silver siblings. Females avoid melanic–male mating attempts more than silver–male mating attempts. When males with temperature–sensitive colour expression are melanic and aggressive, they probably experience a very different selective regime in nature from when they are silver and less aggressive. Under some conditions (e.g. predation), melanic coloration and/or aggression is advantageous compared with silver coloration and/or less aggressive behaviour. However, under different conditions (e.g. high–frequency melanism), melanism and/or aggression appears to be disadvantageous and melanic males have reduced survival and reproduction. Selective advantages to each morph under different conditions may enable the long–term persistence of this temperature–sensitive genotype.
Psychological deviance in children attending general practice

Synopsis Parental questionnaires identified 22% of children aged 7–12 years attending 8 general practices as psychologically deviant. Most attended for physical complaints. A comparison with general population rates showed that deviant children were over-represented among surgery attenders, particularly in the more socially advantaged areas. This finding may be explained through (1) an excess of somatic symptoms in deviant children; (2) increased parental concern about the child's health as an extension of concern about his behaviour; (3) family stress. These possibilities are discussed.
Second order sliding mode controller for second order process with delay time

This paper is concerned with design of second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC) with linear dynamic sliding surface. The sliding surface consists of a gain matrix having a variable damping ratio and settling time. The methodology explained is suggested to design systems with desired dynamic behaviour and robust for process uncertainties. In this study sliding mode control (SMC) and SOSMC are designed with linear dynamic sliding surface. The SOSMC proved that output response of process is effectively improved with smooth and reduced control efforts. For effectiveness of the SOSMC strategy, it is verified by simulation of an illustrative example of second order process with delay time (SOPDT).
Internal Migration Decision and Rural Income Inequality: A Counterfactual-Based Gini Decomposition Analysis

ABSTRACT We examine the decision between internal migration and home production for Chinese rural households and its impact on rural income distribution. By constructing counterfactual scenarios under which households are allowed to switch freely between internal migration and home production, we find that the migrant households in the studied region could have earned higher simulated income if they choose to work in local sectors, with potential sample selection bias corrected by the two-step Heckit method. Based on the counterfactual results, we conduct a Gini decomposition analysis and illustrate that rural income inequality would also be reduced if migrants choose to work locally. The findings are compatible with the fact that a nontrivial portion of the internal migration in China tends to be involuntary.
DC-to-50 GHz compensation structure for flip-chip assembled SPST MEMS switch

A new structure is proposed which simply compensates the flip-chip mounting effect. As an example which shows the mounting effect and the validity of the compensation structure, a discrete RF MEMS SPST switch is used. The degraded frequency response of the RF MEMS SPST switch when it is flipped into a coplanar transmission line is successfully recovered simply by adding the proposed compensation structure. It consists of inserting the proper sizes of CPW series stubs. Whereas conventional wire bonding of discrete MEMS switches in MIC circuits prevents the realization of very low loss characteristics of the switch, models of a flip-chipped MEMS switch show it is possible to retain the low loss characteristics by using some of the novel characteristics of coplanar transmission lines. The principle of achieving such high-quality compensation structure is detailed and is also confirmed by experimental results up to at least 50 GHz. It is shown that a return loss better than 18dB in the frequency range up to 50 GHz is achievable. Finally, applying this simple compensation structure, the frequency range of operation can be further extended.
Time domain analysis of microstrip line network simulating a natural neuron

A network of microstrip lines modeling a natural neural topology is presented in this paper. The network dynamics simulation is performed in the time domain by applying a Gaussian pulse whose parameters are obtained after the resonance frequency evaluation of the neuron dendritic tree. The signal arrives at different simulated postsynaptic dendritic terminals with delays due to propagating on dendritic tree branches having certain lengths. In the general case, the propagation result from the postsynaptic terminals toward the neuron cell body is a sequence of random delayed pulses, but in particular cases, the pulse frequency can be the same as the resonance frequency of the neurite. By using a microstrip passive circuit, the main result of this research is the proving that the dendritic tree has a resonant response; phenomenon observed in recent years by neuroscience researchers. It is the action result of the vector of Gaussian pulses matched to the specific topology of each neuron generating a train of pulses, and initiates the chattering neuron response.
An Empirical Study on the Types of C2C Sellers' Perceived Risk in the Entire Transaction Process

The perceived risk of sellers has been rarely considered in the past research. In order to clarify the types of sellers’ perceived risk and match them with the transaction stages, this paper analyzed a number of posts on e-bay(answer center)forum by employing the method of Netnograhy. The conclusions are as follows:(1)There are five types of C2C sellers’ perceived risk, including economic risk, evaluation risk, time risk, eligibility risk and image risk, of which the first three are the core types. (2)The types of C2C sellers’ perceived risk exist in each transaction stage. The salient periods are the second stage—items for sale, the fourth stage —settlement-collection, the sixth stage—returning-evaluation and the eighth stage—the phase indirectly related to the deals. These conclusions provide theoretical support for the C2C platform operators to develop relevant policies to reduce the sellers’ perceived risk.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Astaxanthin on Histamine Induced Lesions in the Gizzard and Proventriculus of Broiler Chicks

Astaxanthin (ASX) is a xanthophyll pigment isolated from crustaceans and salmonids. Owing to its powerful antioxidant activity, ASX has been reported to have the potential to protect against gastric ulcers and a variety of other illnesses. Histamine (His) is a dietary factor that causes gastric erosion and ulceration in young chicks. In this study, we examined whether ASX had protective effects on dietary histamine-induced lesions in the gizzard and proventriculus of broiler chickens. Four experimental treatment groups were planned: basal diet (BD), BD+His, BD+ASX, and BD+ASX+His, with four chicks (5 days old) in each group and three replications (i.e., a total of 12 chicks per group). The BD was supplemented with either 0.4% His or 100 ppm ASX. The birds were fed ad libitum for 3 weeks, and diets contained no antimicrobial compounds. Supplementing the diet with His significantly decreased body weight gain, but increased the weights of the gizzard and proventriculus of the chicks as compared with those of chicks in the BD group (p<0.05). ASX did not affect His-dependent changes in chick body weight or weights of the gizzard and proventriculus. The loss of gastric glands in the proventriculus, which was observed in His-treated chicks, was not prevented by ASX administration. The frequency of proventricular ulceration, however, was lowered by treatment with ASX, without significant differences between the two supplementation levels. In conclusion, our data showed that ASX might be helpful for alleviating structural damage to the digestive system in poultry under certain stressful conditions.
A novel class of pyranocoumarin anti–androgen receptor signaling compounds

Androgen and the androgen receptor (AR)–mediated signaling are crucial for prostate cancer development. Novel agents that can inhibit AR signaling in ligand-dependent and ligand-independent manners are desirable for the chemoprevention of prostate carcinogenesis and for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. We have shown recently that the pyranocoumarin compound decursin from the herb Angelica gigas possesses potent anti-AR activities distinct from the anti–androgen bicalutamide. Here, we compared the anti-AR activities and the cell cycle arrest and apoptotic effects of decursin and two natural analogues in the androgen-dependent LNCaP human prostate cancer cell culture model to identify structure-activity relationships and mechanisms. Decursin and its isomer decursinol angelate decreased prostate-specific antigen expression with IC50 of ∼1 μmol/L. Both inhibited the androgen-stimulated AR nuclear translocation and transactivation, decreased AR protein abundance through proteasomal degradation, and induced G0/1 arrest and morphologic differentiation. They also induced caspase-mediated apoptosis and reactive oxygen species at higher concentrations. Furthermore, they lacked the agonist activity of bicalutamide in the absence of androgen and were more potent than bicalutamide for suppressing androgen-stimulated cell growth. Decursinol, which does not contain a side chain, lacked the reactive oxygen species induction and apoptotic activities and exerted paradoxically an inhibitory and a stimulatory effect on AR signaling and cell growth. In conclusion, decursin and decursinol angelate are members of a novel class of nonsteroidal compounds that exert a long-lasting inhibition of both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent AR signaling. The side chain is critical for sustaining the anti-AR activities and the growth arrest and apoptotic effects. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(3):907–17]
Chinese Investments in Serbia—A Joint Pledge for the Future of the New Silk Road

Abstract Following the political changes in 2000, Serbia has rapidly started to catch up with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in various aspects of the transition process. One of these very important aspects were foreign investments, both ‘direct’ and ‘portfolio’ ones, that had a significant impact on the development of Serbian economy by recovering economic structure and raising competitiveness in world markets, followed by improving the balance of payments and technological, scientific and managerial base. Foreign investments as an “economic engine” enable accelerated realization of national economic goals which include re-industrialization and renewal of industrial capacity. The openness of the Serbian market and the lack of financial resources allow China and other states concerned under favourable conditions invest in the development of Serbian economy. In this way, Chinese investments have become a driving force for the promotion of economic and other relations between the two countries. On the other hand, however, Chinese investments have proven to be an ideal test for the realization of the objectives of the development strategy of the ‘New Silk Road’ which among other things include the improvement of China’s position on world markets, including the EU market. For the proper understanding of Sino-Serbian relations, this study first gives a short explanation of the Chinese strategy of the New Silk Road. Then, it includes an analysis of Serbia’s position towards China. Analysis of the development of Serbian-Chinese economic relations, especially in the field of foreign investment and within the framework of multilateral cooperation mechanism ‘16+1’, occupies the central part of the study. The study concludes with an evaluation of comparative advantages and certain disadvantages for the Chinese foreign investment in Serbian economy, which in itself has certain significance for the realization of the New Silk Road strategy.
A Descriptive Case Study: Elementary Teachers’ Technology Acceptance and Classroom Integration

The purpose of this descriptive case study was to examine elementary teachers’ technology acceptance in the context of a student-supported professional development model in an elementary school located in the southern part of the United States. In this study, technology was defined as Internet, iPad, or laptop use in a classroom environment as an instructional and learning tool. Face-to-face open-ended interviews, a survey, and archival data in the form of observations collected yearly as part of program evaluation for professional development were all used to answer the research questions. Research questions focused on (a) the impact of a student-supported professional development model on teachers’ perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and intent to use technology in classroom instruction; (b) the impact of a studentsupported professional development model on teachers’ actual use of technology in classroom instruction; and (c) the impact of sustained, student-supported professional development of technology on teachers’ willingness to integrate technology into classroom instruction. The theory guiding this study was the technology acceptance model (TAM), which focuses on user acceptance of an information system (Davis, 1989). The theory of reasoned action (TRA) is the foundation for the TAM (Davis, 1989). Data analysis followed the process of Yin’s (2011) fivephased cycle including compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting, and concluding. The four themes that emerged during the analysis of this case study included: skill and knowledge development, lack of use prior to intervention/professional development, successful experience with technology, and evidence of acceptance and integration.
Impact of Knowledge Resources Linked to an Electronic Health Record on Frequency of Unnecessary Tests and Treatments

Introduction: Electronic knowledge resources have the potential to rapidly provide answers to clinicians' questions. We sought to determine clinicians' reasons for searching these resources, the rate of finding relevant information, and the perceived clinical impact of the information they retrieved. Methods: We asked general internists, family physicians, and clinical nurse practitioners to complete the Information Assessment Method (IAM) survey after searching 1 of 2 electronic knowledge resources linked in the electronic health record. IAM stimulates reflection on the relevance, cognitive impact, use, and potential health outcomes of retrieved clinical information. Results: Forty‐two clinicians rated 502 searches (mean 12, range 1‐48) and reported finding information 75% (n = 375) of the time. The most common reasons for searching were to address a clinical question (411, 82%) and for curiosity (75, 15%). In 68% of the rated searches (341), participants indicated they would use the retrieved information for at least 1 patient. In 31% (157) of rated searches, clinicians expected the retrieved information to benefit the patient by avoiding an unnecessary or inappropriate treatment, diagnostic procedure, or preventive intervention. Conclusions: Searches in electronic knowledge resources frequently yield relevant information that may benefit the patient by, for example, avoiding an inappropriate diagnostic procedure or treatment. Knowing that searches for answers to clinical questions can result in patient health benefits should intensify efforts to encourage clinicians to pursue answers to their questions.