Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
All-directions through the wall radar imaging enhancement using orthogonal polarizations and generalized pencil of function method

All-directions through the wall radar imaging method can be effectively employed to obtain accurate maps of buildings' interiors in a short time period. In this method, multiple reflections from surrounding walls produce spurious images and as a result, adversely affect the quality of the final image. In addition, to provide 360° view of the imaging area, receivers utilize omnidirectional antennas that may result in saturation of receivers due to receiving high power direct signal from transmitter. This paper addresses these two issues in all-directions through the wall radar imaging. To avoid saturation of receivers by direct signal from transmitter and remove even number of reflections from walls, two different orthogonal circular polarizations are used for transmitting antenna and receiving antennas. Moreover, a new method based on generalized pencil of function (GPOF) method is introduced to determine the locations of the reflections with respect to transmitter and receivers positions. This method improves range resolution in the final image.
Swing leg control in human running

Humans can run within a wide range of speeds without thinking about stabilizing strategies. The leg properties seem to be adjusted automatically without need for sensory feedback. In this work, the dynamics of human running are represented by the planar spring mass model. Within this framework, for higher speeds, running patterns can be stable without control strategies. Here, potential strategies that provide stability over a broader range of running patterns are considered and these theoretical predictions are compared to human running data. Periodic running solutions are identified and analyzed with respect to their stability. The control strategies are assumed as linear adaptations of the leg parameters—leg angle, leg stiffness and leg length—during the swing phase. To evaluate the applied control strategies regarding their influence on landing behavior, two parameters are introduced: the velocity of the foot relative to the ground (ground speed matching) and the foot's angle of approach. The results show that periodic running solutions can be stabilized and that control strategies, which guarantee running stability, are redundant. For any swing leg kinematics (adaptation of the leg angle and the leg length), running stability can be achieved by adapting the leg stiffness in anticipation of the ground contact.
Elongation Changes of Exploratory and Root Hair Systems Induced by Aminocyclopropane Carboxylic Acid and Aminoethoxyvinylglycine Affect Nitrate Uptake and BnNrt2.1 and BnNrt1.1 Transporter Gene Expression in Oilseed Rape[W]

Ethylene is a plant hormone that plays a major role in the elongation of both exploratory and root hair systems. Here, we demonstrate in Brassica napus seedlings that treatments with the ethylene precursor, aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) and the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), cause modification of the dynamic processes of primary root and root hair elongation in a dose-dependent way. Moreover, restoration of root elongation in AVG-treated seedlings by 1 mm l-glutamate suggested that high concentrations of AVG affect root elongation through nonoverlapping ethylene metabolic pathway involving pyridoxal 5′-P-dependent enzymes of nitrate (N) metabolism. In this respect, treatments with high concentrations of ACC and AVG (10 μm) over 5 d revealed significant differences in relationships between root growth architecture and N uptake capacities. Indeed, if these treatments decreased severely the elongation of the exploratory root system (primary root and lateral roots) they had opposing effects on the root hair system. Although ACC increased the length and number of root hairs, the rate of N uptake and the transcript level of the N transporter BnNrt2.1 were markedly reduced. In contrast, the decrease in root hair length and number in AVG-treated seedlings was overcompensated by an increase of N uptake and BnNrt2.1 gene expression. These root architectural changes demonstrated that BnNrt2.1 expression levels were more correlated to the changes of the exploratory root system than the changes of the root hair system. The difference between treatments in N transporters BnNrt1.1 and BnNrt2.1 gene expression is discussed with regard to presumed transport functions of BnNrt1.1 in relation to root elongation.
Ductus venosus shunting in the fetal venous circulation: regulatory mechanisms, diagnostic methods and medical importance

The fetal liver is located at the crossroads of the umbilical venous circulation. Anatomically, the ductus venosus (DV) and the intrahepatic branches of the portal vein are arranged in parallel. The actual DV shunting rate, i.e. the percentage of umbilical blood flow entering the DV measured by Doppler velocimetry, seems to be lower than that estimated using radioactively‐labeled microspheres. In human fetuses the DV shunting rate is about 20–30%. Increases in the DV shunting rate are a general adaptational mechanism to fetal distress. Hypoxia results in a significant increase in the DV shunting rate, most probably in order to ensure an adequate supply of oxygen and glucose to vitally important organs such as the brain and heart. The mechanism of blood flow redistribution between the fetal liver and the DV is still a matter of debate. The isthmic portion of the DV contains less smooth muscle tissue than the intrahepatic branches of the portal vein, which in vitro react more forcefully in response to catecholamines than the DV.
Self-deployment by distance and orientation control for mobile sensor networks

Self-deployment is one of the main research issues in wireless mobile sensor networks. It determines quality of service of networks, such as coverage and connectivity. In this paper, we present a distributed self-deployment algorithm by distance and orientation control (DOC). Distance control tries to keep the distance among sensor nodes equal to the ideal distance in equilateral triangle grid deployment, while orientation control tries to reach reliable connectivity and eliminate coverage holes caused by discontinuous connectivity. Moreover, obstacle avoidance control is taken into account if there is obstacle lay on the locomotion path. Simulation results show that DOC is effective with good performances.
Structural Evaluation of a Mimicry-Recognizing Paratope: Plasticity in Antigen–Antibody Interactions Manifests in Molecular Mimicry

Molecular mimicry manifests antagonistically with respect to the specificity of immune recognition. However, it often occurs because different Ags share surface topologies in terms of shape or chemical nature. It also occurs when a flexible paratope accommodates dissimilar Ags by adjusting structural features according to the antigenic epitopes or differential positioning in the Ag combining site. Toward deciphering the structural basis of molecular mimicry, mAb 2D10 was isolated from a maturing immune response elicited against methyl α-d-mannopyranoside and also bound equivalently to a dodecapeptide. The physicochemical evidence of this carbohydrate–peptide mimicry in the case of mAb 2D10 had been established earlier. These studies had strongly suggested direct involvement of a flexible paratope in the observed mimicry. Surprisingly, comparison of the Ag-free structure of single-chain variable fragment 2D10 with those bound to sugar and peptide Ags revealed a conformationally invariant state of the Ab while binding to chemically and structurally disparate Ags. This equivalent binding of the two dissimilar Ags was through mutually independent interactions, demonstrating functional equivalence in the absence of structural correlation. Thus, existence of a multispecific, mature Ab in the secondary immune response was evident, as was the plasticity in the interactions while accommodating topologically diverse Ags. Although our data highlight the structural basis of receptor multispecificity, they also illustrate mechanisms adopted by the immune system to neutralize the escape mutants generated during pathogenic insult.
A MIM CAPACITOR STUDY OF DIELECTRIC CHARGING FOR RF MEMS CAPACITIVE SWITCHES

MIM capacitors are considered equally important devices for the assessment of dielectric charging in RF MEMS capacitive switches.Beside the obvious similarities between the down state condition of RF MEMS and MIM capacitors there are also some important differences. The paper aims to introduce a novel approach on the study of dielectric charging in MEMS with the aid of MIM capacitors by combining experimental results obtained by the application of DC, Charging Transient and Kelvin Probe techniques.The strengths and weaknesses are discussed in conjuction with experimental results obtained on SiNx based MIM capacitors ans MEMS capacitive switches fabricated under the same conditions.
Resource Allocation and Interference Management for Opportunistic Relaying in Integrated mmWave/sub-6 GHz 5G Networks

The 5G networks are envisioned to use mmWave bands to provide gigabit-per-second throughput. To extend the coverage of extreme data rates provided by mmWave technologies, we consider two-hop relaying based on D2D communication in an integrated mmWave/sub-6 GHz 5G network. Compared to single-hop multi-cell networks, two-hop D2D relaying in this network will complicate the network management. Relay selection and beam selection should be considered together as relaying in mmWave bands would use directional beamforming transmissions. MmWave/ sub-6 GHz multi-connectivity has to be managed, and resources have to be allocated across frequencies with disparate propagation conditions. In this article, a hierarchical network control framework is considered to address the relay and beam selection, resource allocation, and interference coordination problems. The sub-6 GHz band is responsible for network control and for providing relatively reliable communications, while the mmWave band provides high-throughput enhancement. Opportunistic relay selection and mmWave analog beamforming are used to limit the signaling overhead. We evaluate mmWave/sub-6 GHz multi-connectivity with and without two-hop relaying in urban outdoor scenarios for different site deployment densities. MmWave/sub-6 GHz multi-connectivity with relaying shows considerable promise for reaching consistent user experience with high end-to-end throughput in a cost-effective network deployment.
The Sox17CreERT2 knock‐in mouse line displays spatiotemporal activation of Cre recombinase in distinct Sox17 lineage progenitors

The HMG‐box transcription factor Sox17 is essential for endoderm formation, vascular development, and definitive hematopoiesis. To investigate the fate of distinct Sox17‐expressing progenitor cells in a spatiotemporal manner, we generated a hormone‐inducible CreERT2 knock‐in mouse line. By homologous recombination we fused a codon improved, ligand‐dependent estrogen receptor Cre recombinase by an intervening viral T2A sequence for co‐translational cleavage to the 3' coding region of Sox17. Induction of Cre activity by administration of tamoxifen at defined time points of early mouse development and subsequent genetic lineage tracing confirmed the inducibility and tissue specificity of Cre recombination. Furthermore, Cre activity could be selectively induced in extra‐embryonic and embryonic endoderm lineages, the primitive gut tube, and in endothelial cells of the vascular system as well as in the hemogenic endothelium of the dorsal aorta. The Sox17CreERT2 mouse line therefore represents a new tool for genetic lineage tracing in a tissue‐specific manner and in addition enables lineage‐restricted functional analysis. genesis 51:793–802. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TIA risk stratification

In this issue of Neurology®, Wardlaw et al.1 describe a systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of ABCD2 score at a cutpoint of ≥4 in the identification of true TIAs vs mimics, risk factors, and recurrent stroke rates. The ABCD2 score2 was developed to help nonspecialists identify patients at a higher risk for stroke. In many health care systems, the ABCD2 score has been recommended for use in triaging patients into high- or low-risk categories that frequently drives the urgency of assessment. Most commonly the cutoff of <4 is used to identify low risk and ≥4 for higher risk. In the United Kingdom, financial incentives are linked to seeing patients quickly based on their ABCD2 score. In addition to identifying patients at high risk of early recurrent stroke in clinical practice, ABCD2 ≥4 has been used as an eligibility criterion in therapeutic clinical trials that include high-risk TIA.3,4 One limitation of the current use of the ABCD2 score is that it was never specifically designed for triage at a specific cutpoint. Although the score in its entirety predicted recurrent stroke, the original article did not propose using the score in the way that has occurred.
Timing-jitter measurement of 78-GHz optical time-division multiplexed pulses by optoelectronic harmonic mixing.

The timing jitter of 78-GHz optical time-division multiplexed pulses has been evaluated over nine decades of Fourier frequency by the time-domain demodulation technique. For downconverting the 78-GHz pulse intensity into a low-frequency i.f. signal, an optoelectronic harmonic mixing scheme with a Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator was employed. The rms timing jitter has been estimated to be 3.74 ps for 2.5 mHz-18 MHz bandwidth.
Punctuated equilibrium and criticality in a simple model of evolution.

A simple and robust model of biological evolution of an ecology of interacting species is introduced. The model self-organizes into a critical steady state with intermittent coevolutionary avalanches of all sizes; i.e., it exhibits ``punctuated equilibrium'' behavior. This collaborative evolution is much faster than non-cooperative scenarios since no large and coordinated, and hence prohibitively unlikely, mutations are involved.
Task-Level Re-Execution Framework for Improving Fault Tolerance on Symmetry Multiprocessors

Hard real-time systems are employed in military, aeronautics, and astronautics fields where deployed systems are susceptible to software faults that can result in functional errors. Thus, there is a need to use fault-tolerant (FT) real-time scheduling. Among the various fault-tolerant real-time scheduling techniques, re-execution has been applied widely to existing real-time systems owing to its simplicity and applicability. However, re-execution requires multiple executions of every task, and some tasks miss their deadlines owing to the prolonged execution time; therefore, it has been found to be suitable for only soft real-time systems. In this paper, we propose an FT policy that can be incorporated into most (if not all) existing real-time scheduling algorithms on multiprocessor systems, which improves the reliability of the target system without a tradeoff against schedulability. As a case study, we apply the FT policy to existing fixed-priority scheduling and earliest deadline zero-laxity scheduling, and we demonstrate that it enhances reliability without schedulability loss.
Development of CelecoxibTransfersomal gel for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of Transfersomal gel formulations for transdermal delivery of Celecoxib and to evaluate the effect of concentration of Soya PC and Sodium deoxycholate. Transfersomal vesicles containing Soya PC mixed with Sodium deoxycholate and Celecoxib were prepared by conventional rotatory evaporation (Film hydration method) and characterized for vario us parameters including vesicle shape, size and size distribution, surface morphology, ent rapment efficiency, in-vitro and ex-vivo drug release and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Vesicles were also eva luated for skin irritation study and permeation studies.Results of all the studies suggested that CelecoxibTransfersomal gel formulation was therapeutically effective drug delivery system for treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Isolation of a CDC25 family gene, MSI2/LTE1, as a multicopy suppressor of ira1

We have identified MS12 as a gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which, when on a multicopy vector, suppresses the heat shock sensitivity caused by the loss of the IRA1 product, a negative regulator of the RAS protein. The multicopy MSI2 also suppresses the heat shock sensitivity of cells with the RAS2val19 mutation but not those with the bcy1 mutation, suggesting that the MSI2 protein may interfere with the activity of the RAS protein. The sequence analysis of MSI2 reveals that it is identical to LTE1 belonging to the CDC25 family: CDC25, SCD25 and BUD5, each of which encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the ras superfamily gene products. Deletion of the entire MSI2 coding region reveals that MSI2 is not essential but the disruptant shows a cold‐sensitive phenotype. Under the non‐permissive conditions, more than 70% of the msi2 disruptants arrested at telophase as large budded cells with two nuclei divided completely and elongated spindles, indicating that the msi2 deletion is a cell division cycle mutation. These results suggest that MSI2 is involved in the termination of M phase and that this process is regulated by a ras superfamily gene product.
Grounding and Solving in Answer Set Programming

Answer set programming is a declarative problem solving paradigm that rests upon a workflow involving modeling, grounding, and solving. While the former is described by Gebser and Schaub (2016), we focus here on key issues in grounding, or how to systematically replace object variables by ground terms in a effective way, and solving, or how to compute the answer sets of a propositional logic program obtained by grounding.
Optimizing classification techniques using Genetic Programming approach

Genetic programming (GP) is a branch of genetic algorithms (GA) that searches for the best operation or computer program in search space of operations. At the same time classification is a data mining technique used to build model of data classes which can be used to predict future trends. In this paper GP has been employed for the implementation of the classification technique. GP properties can facilitate generating new and optimized classification rules that are not discovered by the existing traditional classification techniques. In addition we will show that GA approach is superior to traditional methods in regard to performance both on time and space requirements for processing.
Structure-guided Mutation of the Conserved G3-box Glycine in Rheb Generates a Constitutively Activated Regulator of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)*

Background: GTPases regulate cellular signaling by cycling between GDP-(inactive) and GTP-(active) bound states. Results: Rheb GTPase cycling was manipulated by structure-guided mutagenesis of an ultraconserved residue. Conclusion: Constitutively activated or inactive Rheb mutants were generated by substitutions that displace the hydrolytic water or γ-phosphate, respectively. Significance: These mutants offer new research tools, and the approach may be extended to other GTPases. Constitutively activated variants of small GTPases, which provide valuable functional probes of their role in cellular signaling pathways, can often be generated by mutating the canonical catalytic residue (e.g. Ras Q61L) to impair GTP hydrolysis. However, this general approach is ineffective for a substantial fraction of the small GTPase family in which this residue is not conserved (e.g. Rap) or not catalytic (e.g. Rheb). Using a novel engineering approach, we have manipulated nucleotide binding through structure-guided substitutions of an ultraconserved glycine residue in the G3-box motif (DXXG). Substitution of Rheb Gly-63 with alanine impaired both intrinsic and TSC2 GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-mediated GTP hydrolysis by displacing the hydrolytic water molecule, whereas introduction of a bulkier valine side chain selectively blocked GTP binding by steric occlusion of the γ-phosphate. Rheb G63A stimulated phosphorylation of the mTORC1 substrate p70S6 kinase more strongly than wild-type, thus offering a new tool for mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling.
Untersuchungen zum Beitrag von Tumorzell-L1CAM zu frühen und späten Schritten der Metastasierung nicht-solider und solider Tumorzellen

Die Expression des L1 Zelladhasionsmolekuls (L1CAM) ist in Krebspatienten erhoht und mit schlechter Prognose assoziiert. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, durch die gezielte Herunterregulation von L1CAM in Tumorzellen die funktionelle Rolle von L1CAM fur die Disseminierung und Metastasierung nicht-solider und solider Tumoren aufzuklaren. L1CAM forderte die spontane und experimentelle Metastasierung nicht-solider und solider Tumorzellen, indem es individuelle Schritte der metastatischen Kaskade uber die Regulation der Gelatinasen beeinflusst. Diese Ergebnisse heben das Potential moglicher gegen L1CAM gerichteter Therapien hervor.
Work disability associated with cancer survivorship and other chronic conditions

The long‐term effects of cancer and its treatment on employment and productivity are a major concern for the 40% of cancer survivors in the U.S. who are working age. This study's objectives were (1) to quantify the increase in work disability attributable to cancer in a cohort of adult survivors who were an average of 46 months post‐diagnosis and (2) to compare disability rates in cancer survivors to individuals with other chronic conditions. Data from the Penn State Cancer Survivor Study (PSCSS) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were compared. The PSCSS sample included 647 survivors age 55–65, diagnosed at four medical centers in Pennsylvania and Maryland. There were 5988 similarly aged subjects without cancer in the HRS. Adjusted odds ratios for work disability were estimated for cancer survivorship, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, lung disease, and arthritis/rheumatism with multivariate logistic regression. Even for cancer‐free survivors, the adjusted disability rate was significantly higher in comparison to adults with no chronic conditions (female OR = 1.94; male OR = 1.89). There were few significant differences between disability rates for cancer and other conditions. The elevated disability rate is another argument for viewing cancer survivorship as a chronic condition potentially requiring a broad range of psychosocial services. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Airborne LiDAR for DEM generation: some critical issues

Airborne LiDAR is one of the most effective and reliable means of terrain data collection. Using LiDAR data for DEM generation is becoming a standard practice in spatial related areas. However, the effective processing of the raw LiDAR data and the generation of an efficient and high-quality DEM remain big challenges. This paper reviews the recent advances of airborne LiDAR systems and the use of LiDAR data for DEM generation, with special focus on LiDAR data filters, interpolation methods, DEM resolution, and LiDAR data reduction. Separating LiDAR points into ground and non-ground is the most critical and difficult step for DEM generation from LiDAR data. Commonly used and most recently developed LiDAR filtering methods are presented. Interpolation methods and choices of suitable interpolator and DEM resolution for LiDAR DEM generation are discussed in detail. In order to reduce the data redundancy and increase the efficiency in terms of storage and manipulation, LiDAR data reduction is required in the process of DEM generation. Feature specific elements such as breaklines contribute significantly to DEM quality. Therefore, data reduction should be conducted in such a way that critical elements are kept while less important elements are removed. Given the highdensity characteristic of LiDAR data, breaklines can be directly extracted from LiDAR data. Extraction of breaklines and integration of the breaklines into DEM generation are presented.