Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Induction of antibody response in the oral cavity of dogs following intraocular (eye drop) immunization with Porphyromonas gingivalis cell lysate incorporated in pH-sensitive fusogenic polymer-modified liposomes

Induction of mucosal immune responses against Porphyromonas gingivalis within the oral cavity of dogs was studied by immunizing with pH-sensitive fusogenic polymer (MGluPG)-modified liposome-associated cell lysate. Dogs immunized with P. gingivalis cell lysate-containing MGluPG-modified liposomes by intraocular (eye drop) route displayed significant levels of P. gingivalis cell lysate-specific serum IgG and IgA as well as mucosal IgA antibodies in saliva secretion. Serum and salivary antibodies generated by intraocularly immunized with MGluPG-modified liposome-associated P. gingivalis cell lysate revealed a significant aggregation activity against P. gingivalis, whereas serum and saliva from dogs receiving MGluPG-modified liposomes unentrapping P. gingivalis cell lysate did not show the aggregation activity against P. gingivalis. Furthermore, P. gingivalis-specific antibodies in saliva of immunized dogs inhibited the adherence of P. gingivalis to cultured HeLa cells. More importantly, salivary antibodies induced by intraocular immunization with P. gingivalis cell lysate-containing MGluPG-modified liposomes significantly inhibited the coaggregation of P. gingivalis with Actinomyces naeslundii and the cell damage activity of P. gingivalis against FaDu cells, an oral epithelial cell. These results suggest that intraocularly administered P. gingivalis cell lysate-containing MGluPG-modified liposomes should be an effective mucosal vaccine against P. gingivalis infection in dogs and may be an important tool for the prevention of periodontitis.
Phase Difference Between Chronotypes in Self-Reported Maximum of Alertness Rhythm

An objective physiological predictor of self-reported chronotypological differences in circadian timing of alertness peak (> 5 hr) has not been yet identified. Our goals were to establish external validity of such a predictor, and to explain the observations of inequality of chronotypological differences in alertness peak and bed/rising times (> 5 and < 3 hr, respectively). The resting electroencephalogram was recorded at 3-hr intervals during 24-hr sustained wakefulness of 130 healthy participants. An objective index (alpha-theta power difference) was calculated for the eyes closed section of each record. The time course of subjective alertness-sleepiness was compared with the time course of the objective index and simulated with a rhythmostatic model. External validity of the objective predictor of chronotypological differences was supported by the resemblance between the time courses, and the simulations revealed contribution of other than circadian phase parameters of the chronoregulatory processes to.
Maternal depression and risk for antisocial behaviour in children

ABSTRACT Maternal depression has consistently been found to be associated with child problem behaviours. In the current study, we examine the possibility of whether the association between maternal depression and child antisocial behaviour may be due to confounding. Data from waves 2, 5 and 7 of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Kindergarten Cohort were analysed. Our analysis revealed a significant association between maternal depression and child antisocial behaviour prior to matching. After successfully matching the mothers on 29 key covariates, one of the cross‐sectional associations and the longitudinal association between maternal depression and child antisocial behaviour was no longer statistically significant. However, two cross‐sectional associations between maternal depression and child antisocial behaviour remained statistically significant. The results of the study are discussed in relation to the importance of the timing of maternal depression within different developmental time periods.
Tracking Virality and Susceptibility in Social Media

In social media, the magnitude of information propagation hinges on the virality and susceptibility of users spreading and receiving the information respectively, as well as the virality of information items. These users' and items' behavioral factors evolve dynamically at the same time interacting with one another. Previous works however measure the factors statically and independently in a restricted case: each user has only a single adoption on each item, and/or users' exposure to items are observable. In this work, we investigate the inter-relationship among the factors and users' multiple adoptions on items to propose both new static and temporal models for measuring the factors without requiring user - item exposure. These models are designed to cope with even more realistic propagation scenarios where an item may be propagated many times from the same user(s) to the same other user(s). We further propose an incremental model for measuring the factors in large data streams. We evaluated the proposed models and existing models through extensive experiments on a large Twitter dataset covering information propagation in one month. The experiments show that our proposed models can effectively mine the behavioral factors and outperform the existing ones in a propagation prediction task. The incremental model is shown more than 10 times faster than the temporal model, while still obtains very similar results.
Evaluating the Reliability of Credential Hardening through Keystroke Dynamics

Most computer systems rely on usernames and passwords as a mechanism for authentication and access control. These credential sets offer weak protection to a broad scope of applications with differing levels of sensitivity. Traditional physiological biometric systems such as fingerprint, face, and iris recognition are not readily deployable in remote authentication schemes. Keystroke dynamics provide the ability to combine the ease of use of username/password schemes with the increased trustworthiness associated with biometrics. Our research extends previous work on keystroke dynamics by incorporating shift-key patterns. The system is capable of operating at various points on a traditional ROC curve depending on application specific security needs. A 1% false accept rate is attainable at a 14% false reject rate. An equal error rate of 5% is suitable for systems requiring a relatively low security. As a username password authentication scheme, our approach decreases the system penetration rate associated with compromised passwords by 95%-99%. Said performance measures can be further improved through optimization of the classification algorithm on a user specific basis
Supporting Children to Participate Successfully in Everyday Life by Using Sensory Processing Knowledge

There is an accumulating literature describing sensory processing in young children and suggesting the importance of this knowledge for understanding the characteristics of vulnerable children. Professionals and families need a working knowledge about sensory processing because it enables them to understand and interpret children's behaviors and to tailor everyday life routines so that children may have successful and satisfying experiences. This article reviews Dunn's model of sensory processing, and summarizes both typical and special population evidences that demonstrate support for the model. The article also describes how the concepts in this model are reflected in everyday behaviors so that readers can link the concepts to their own knowledge about young children. Since processing concepts are based on evidence across the lifespan, this knowledge can also enable caregivers to understand their own responses as well. The article then discusses the application of sensory processing knowledge within natural contexts and routines, arguing that using sensory processing knowledge to analyze, adapt, and support the established routines is an effective application of knowledge. Finally, the article provides specific suggestions for adapting everyday life situations to meet the needs of children with different patterns of sensory processing, and illustrates how adults can manage their own sensory processing needs as they care for young children.
Work Always in Progress: Analysing Maintenance Practices in Spatial Crowd-sourced Datasets

Crowd-mapping is a form of collaborative work that empowers users to share geographic knowledge. Despite geographic information being intrinsically evolving, little research has so far gone into analysing maintenance practices in these domains. In this paper, we quantitatively capture maintenance dynamics in geographic crowd-sourced datasets, in terms of: the extent to which different maintenance actions are taking place, the type of spatial information that is being maintained, who engages in these practices and where. We apply this method to 117 countries in OpenStreetMap, one of the most successful examples of geographic crowd-sourced datasets. Furthermore, we explore what triggers maintenance, by means of an online survey to which 96 OpenStreetMap contributors took part. Our findings reveal that, although maintenance practices vary substantially from country to country in terms of how widespread they are, strong commonalities exist in terms of what metadata is being maintained, by whom, and what triggers them.
Lightweight Biometric Sensing for Walker Classification Using Narrowband RF Links

This article proposes a lightweight biometric sensing system using ubiquitous narrowband radio frequency (RF) links for path-dependent walker classification. The fluctuated received signal strength (RSS) sequence generated by human motion is used for feature representation. To capture the most discriminative characteristics of individuals, a three-layer RF sensing network is organized for building multiple sampling links at the most common heights of upper limbs, thighs, and lower legs. The optimal parameters of sensing configuration, such as the height of link location and number of fused links, are investigated to improve sensory data distinctions among subjects, and the experimental results suggest that the synergistic sensing by using multiple links can contribute a better performance. This is the new consideration of using RF links in building a biometric sensing system. In addition, two types of classification methods involving vector quantization (VQ) and hidden Markov models (HMMs) are developed and compared for closed-set walker recognition and verification. Experimental studies in indoor line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios are conducted to validate the proposed method.
1 Price Reform and Household Demand for Electricity

This paper uses an estimated model of residential electricity demand to examine the impact of proposed tariff changes on a representative sample of 130 Barbadian households. The estimated equation results suggest that the price elasticities of demand for particular appliances varied significantly, with households that utilize solar water heating being more price elastic than households that utilize air conditioning and electric water heating electric heating. The income effects were, however, statistically insignificant, as they may have been captured by choices of appliances rather than utilisation. The estimated model results were then employed to examine the effect of a proposed change in the tariff structure for electricity in Barbados. The simulated results seem to indicate that changes in the electricity rate structure are likely to have very little impact on households demand for electricity. However, changes in consumption patterns could occur within upper consumption and upper income households. JEL Classification: Q41; C24; O54
Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer.

It is increasingly proposed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a key role in human cancer development [1–6], especially as evidence is growing that antioxidants may prevent or delay the onset of some types of cancer (reviewed in [7,8]). ROS is a collective term often used by biologists to include oxygen radicals [superoxide (O # J−), hydroxyl (OHJ), peroxyl (RO # J) and alkoxyl (ROJ)] and certain nonradicals that are either oxidizing agents and}or are easily converted into radicals, such as HOCl, ozone (O $ ), peroxynitrite (ONOO−), singlet oxygen ("O # ) and H # O # . RNS is a similar collective term that includes nitric oxide radical (NOJ), ONOO−, nitrogen dioxide radical (NO # J), other oxides of nitrogen and products arising when NOJ reacts with O # J−, ROJ and RO # J. ‘Reactive ’ is not always an appropriate term; H # O # , NOJ and O # J− react quickly with very few molecules, whereas OHJ reacts quickly with almost anything. RO # J, ROJ, HOCl, NO # J, ONOO− and O $ have intermediate reactivities. ROS and RNS have been shown to possess many characteristics of carcinogens [4] (Figure 1). Mutagenesis by ROS}RNS could contribute to the initiation of cancer, in addition to being important in the promotion and progression phases. For example, ROS}RNS can have the following effects. (1) Cause structural alterations in DNA, e.g. base pair mutations, rearrangements, deletions, insertions and sequence amplification. OHJ is especially damaging, but "O # , RO # J, ROJ, HNO # , O $ , ONOO− and the decomposition products of ONOO− are also effective [9–13]. ROS can produce gross chromosomal alterations in addition to point mutations and thus could be involved in the inactivation or loss of the second wild-type allele of a mutated proto-oncogene or tumour-suppressor gene that can occur during tumour promotion and progression, allowing expression of the mutated phenotype [4]. (2) Affect cytoplasmic and nuclear signal transduction pathways [14,15]. For example, H # O # (which crosses cell and organelle membranes easily) can lead to displacement of the inhibitory subunit from the cytoplasmic transcription factor nuclear factor κB, allowing the activated factor to migrate to the nucleus [14]. Nitration of tyrosine residues by ONOO− may block phosphorylation. (3) Modulate the activity of the proteins and genes that respond to stress and which act to regulate the genes that are related to cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis [4,14–17]. For example, H # O # can stimulate transcription of c-jun
Connection Machine Lisp: fine-grained parallel symbolic processing

Connection Machine Lisp is a dialect of Lisp extended to al- low a fine.grained, data-oriented style of parallel execution. We introduce a new data structure, the xapping, that is like a sparse array whose elements can be processed in parallel. This kind of processing is suitable for implementation by such fine.grained parallel computers as the Connection Machine System and NON- VON. Additional program notation is introduced to indicate var- ious parallel operations. The symbols st andare used, in a manner syntactically reminiscent of the backquote notation used in Common Lisp, to indicate what parts of an expression are to be executed in parallel. Ths symbol fl is used to indicate permu- tation and reduction of sets of data. Connection Machine Lisp in practice leans heavily on APL and FP and their descendants. Many ideas and stylistic idioms can be carried over directly. Some idioms of Connection Machine Lisp are difficult to render in APL because Connection Machine Lisp xappings may be sparse while APL vectors are not sparse. We give many small examples of programming in Connection Machine Lisp. Two metcircular interpreters for a subset of Connection Ma- chine Lisp are presented. One is concise but suffers from defining a in terms of itself in such a way as to obscure its essential prop- erties. The other is longer but facilitates presentation of these properties.
A novel on-off algorithm for smart antenna system operating in IMT2000 mobile communications

This paper proposes a new blind adaptive algorithm for computing the weight vector of an antenna array system that provides the beam pattern having its maximum gain along the direction of the mobile target signal source in the presence of strong interference. The proposed algorithm provides a suboptimal weight vector maximizing the SINR (signal to interference plus noise ratio) with a linear computational load. Based on the analysis obtained from various simulations, it is observed that the proposed algorithm is suitable for practical IMT2000 mobile communication environments.
UHF DAMA satellite communications network control station: capabilities, architecture, and performance

To establish context, this paper describes the history of DAMA on UHF military satellites, beginning with experimental systems built during the 1970s. The paper goes on to describe the technical features common to present-day 5-kHz and 25-kHz DAMA systems, and proceeds to take an in-depth look at capabilities unique to each of the DAMA waveforms, which were designed independently and took rather different philosophical design approaches. The variety of services which are offered (e.g., global and local voice, data, and packetized messages) are described, as are the techniques used to allow automatic adaptation to variations in load, individual terminal link qualities, and traffic priorities. In addition the various types of network configurations supported are described. The hardware and software architectures for the currently-fielded network control station sites are then presented. Recently an automated software tool set that can characterize DAMA network performance in terms of call setup times and channel usage efficiency has been developed. Performance data are presented demonstrating the general quality of service that can be delivered. Finally the paper describes evolutionary enhancements planned for the DAMA waveforms and overall system, as additional use warrants and funding becomes available.
The Extended Low Hierarchy is an Infinite Hierarchy

Balcźar, Book, and Schoning introduced the extended low hierarchy based on the σ-levels of the polynomial-time hierarchy as follows: for k≥1, level k of the extended low hierarchy is the set \(EL_k^{P,\sum } = \left\{ {\sum\nolimits_k^P {(A) \subseteq \sum\nolimits_{k - 1}^P {\left( {A \oplus SAT} \right)} } } \right\}\). Allender and Hemachandra and Long and Sheu introduced refinements of the extended low hierarchy based on the δ and θ-levels, respectively, of the polynomial-time hierarchy: for k≥2, \(EL_k^{P,\Delta } = \left\{ {A|\Delta _k^P \left( A \right) \subseteq \Delta _{k - 1}^P \left( {A \oplus SAT} \right)} \right\}\) and \(EL_k^{P,\Theta } = \left\{ {A|\Theta _k^P \left( A \right) \subseteq \Theta _{k - 1}^P \left( {A \oplus SAT} \right)} \right\}\). In this paper we show that the extended low hierarchy is properly infinite by showing, for k≥2, that \(EL_k^{P,\sum } \subset EL_{k + 1}^{P,\Theta } \subset EL_{k + 1}^{P,\Delta } \subset EL_{k + 1}^{P,\sum } \). Our proofs use the circuit lower bound techniques of Hastad and Ko. As corollaries to our constructions, we obtain, for k≥2, oracle sets B k , C k , and D k , such that PH(B k ) = σ k P (B k ) ≠ δ k P (B k ), PE(C k ) = δ k P (C k ) ≠ θ k P (C k ), and PH(D k ) = θ k P (D k ) ≠ σ k − 1/P(D k )
Identification of Rhodiola species by using RP-HPLC.

An approach was established using RP-HPLC (reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography) to identify ten species of Rhodiola, R. coccinea A. Bor, R. junggarica C.Y. Yang et N.R. Cui spn. , R. heterodonta A. Bor, R. linearifolia A. Bor, R. pamiro alaiucm A. Bor, R. kaschgarica A. Bor, R. litwinowii A. Bor, R. gelida schrenk, R. rosea L. and R. quadrifide Fisch et Mey collected from the Tianshan Mountains areas of China. Chromatograms of alcohol-soluble proteins, generated from these ten Rhodiola spp. were compared. Each chromatogram of alcohol-soluble proteins came from a single seed of one wild species only. The results showed that when using a Waters Delta Pak. C18, 5 microm particle size reversed phase column (150 mm x 3.9 mm), a linear gradient of 22%-55% solvent B with a flow rate of 1 ml/min and a run time of 67 min, the chromatography gave optimum separation of Rhodiola alcohol-soluble proteins. Chromatogram of each species was different and could be used to identify those species. Cluster analysis of genetic similarity coefficients of 37% to 60% showed a medium degree of genetic diversity among the species in these eco-areas. Cluster analysis showed that the ten species of Rhodiola can be divided into four clusters and yielded the general and unique biochemical markers of these species. RP-HPLC was shown to be a rapid, repeatable and reliable method for Rhodiola species identification and analysis of genetic diversity.
The persistence of cognitive deficits in remitted and unremitted ADHD: a case for the state-independence of response inhibition

Background Response inhibition, working memory, and response variability are possible endophenotypes of ADHD based on their association with the disorder and evidence of heritability. One of the critical although rarely studied criteria for a valid endophenotype is that it persists despite waxing and waning of the overt manifestations of the disorder, a criterion known as state-independence. This study examined whether these aspects of cognition exhibit state-independence in ADHD. Methods One hundred and seventy-nine children diagnosed with ADHD in a rigorous baseline assessment were contacted for follow-up assessment in adolescence. Of this sample, 130 (73%) were reascertained. At follow-up, children previously diagnosed with ADHD were identified as remittent (n = 24), persistent (n = 64), or in partial remission (n = 42) based on symptoms and impairment of the disorder. Response inhibition, working memory, and response variability were assessed both in childhood (baseline) and adolescence (follow-up) and were compared with age-matched controls (40 children and 28 adolescents) seen at either time point. Results Relative to controls, ADHD children showed baseline deficits in response inhibition, working memory, and response variability. Only the group difference in response inhibition remained significant in adolescence. In general, cognitive performance among ADHD participants improved with age and did so regardless of changes in ADHD symptoms and impairment. Within the ADHD group, however, cognitive performance in childhood and in adolescence did not differ amongst those with persistent, remittent, and partially remittent forms of the disorder. Conclusions Results demonstrate that response inhibition not only distinguishes ADHD children from their unaffected peers but is also state-independent, such that deficits remain present irrespective of changes in the disease phenotype. In other words, inhibitory deficits measured in childhood persist into adolescence even when the ADHD phenotype remits. These findings provide further evidence that the ability to stop prepotent actions is an endophenotype of ADHD.
Blades: a new class of geometric primitives for feeding 3D parts on vibratory tracks

The vibratory bowl feeder remains the most common approach to the automated feeding (orienting) of industrial parts. We study the algorithmic design of devices on the bowl feeder track that filter out all but one orientation of a given polyhedral part. In this context, we propose a simple new primitive, consisting of one horizontally mounted convex polygonal metal "blade", that can feed a broad class of three-dimensional parts by reorienting and rejecting all but those in a desired orientation. This powerful new 3D geometric feeding primitive combines the reorientation functionality of fences with the rejection functionality of traps. Due to its simplicity, the proposed primitive allows for the development of methods to automate its design process. We present a complete procedure that takes as input any polyhedral part along with its center of mass. Given this input, the procedure identifies all single blade solutions that feed the part. The output is either the set of all valid blade designs or a notification that the part cannot be fed using a single blade