Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GPUVerify: a verifier for GPU kernels

We present a technique for verifying race- and divergence-freedom of GPU kernels that are written in mainstream kernel programming languages such as OpenCL and CUDA. Our approach is founded on a novel formal operational semantics for GPU programming termed synchronous, delayed visibility (SDV) semantics. The SDV semantics provides a precise definition of barrier divergence in GPU kernels and allows kernel verification to be reduced to analysis of a sequential program, thereby completely avoiding the need to reason about thread interleavings, and allowing existing modular techniques for program verification to be leveraged. We describe an efficient encoding for data race detection and propose a method for automatically inferring loop invariants required for verification. We have implemented these techniques as a practical verification tool, GPUVerify, which can be applied directly to OpenCL and CUDA source code. We evaluate GPUVerify with respect to a set of 163 kernels drawn from public and commercial sources. Our evaluation demonstrates that GPUVerify is capable of efficient, automatic verification of a large number of real-world kernels.
DETECTING LAME COWS AUTOMATICALLY 15 16 Applying additive logistic regression to data derived from sensors monitoring 17 behavioral and physiological characteristics of dairy cows to detect lameness

4 behavioral and physiological characteristics of dairy cows to detect lameness 5 By Kamphuis et al., page XXXX. Lameness negatively impacts cow welfare and decreases 6 farm profitability. Detecting lame cows visually is difficult and will become more 7 challenging as herd sizes are increasing. Automated detection of lame cows may be a viable 8 aid or alternative to visual detection. The hypothesis was that data derived from sensors 9 monitoring behavioral and physiological characteristics of dairy cows are useful to automate 10 the detection of lameness. Univariable and multivariable models were developed using a 11 data-mining technique. The multivariable model outperformed the univariate models but still 12 the detection performance was not sufficiently high to warrant implementation in practice on 13 large, pasture-based, dairy farms. ABSTRACT 30 The hypothesis was that sensors currently available on-farm that monitor behavioral and 31 physiological characteristics have potential for the detection of lameness in dairy cows. This 32 was tested by applying additive logistic regression to variables derived from sensor data. Data 33 34 dairy farms. Sensor data from weigh scales (live-weight), pedometers (activity) and milk 35 meters (milking order, unadjusted and adjusted milk yield in the first two minutes of milking, 36 total milk yield, and milking duration) were collected at every milking from 4,904 cows. 37 Lameness events were recorded by farmers who were trained in detecting lameness before 38 the study commenced. A total of 318 lameness events affecting 292 cows were available for 39 statistical analyses. For each lameness event, the lame cow's sensor data for a time period of 40 14 days prior to observation date were randomly matched by farm and date to 10 healthy 41 cows, i.e., cows that were not lame and had no other health event recorded for the matched 42 time period. Sensor data relating to the 14-day time periods were used for developing 43 univariable (using one source of sensor data) and multivariable (using multiple sources of 44 sensor data) models. Model development involved the use of additive logistic regression by 45 applying LogitBoost with a regression tree as base learner. The model's output was a 46 probability estimate for lameness given the sensor data collected during the 14-day time 47 period. Models were validated using leave-one-farm-out cross validation and as a result of 48 this validation each cow in the dataset (318 lame and 3,180 non-lame cows) received a 49 probability …
PAN’s Labyrinth: Molecular Biology of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) PAN RNA, a Multifunctional Long Noncoding RNA

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic γ-herpesivrus, the causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma and body cavity lymphomas. During infection KSHV produces a highly abundant long non-coding polyadenylated RNA that is retained in the nucleus known as PAN RNA. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are key regulators of gene expression and are known to interact with specific chromatin modification complexes, working in cis and trans to regulate gene expression. Data strongly supports a model where PAN RNA is a multifunctional regulatory transcript that controls KSHV gene expression by mediating the modification of chromatin by targeting the KSHV repressed genome.
THE REAR FLANK DOWNDRAFT , AND TORNADOES

1. INTRODUCTION Because of the apparent importance of dynamic and thermodynamic properties of RFDs to tornadogenesis, these are studied for a variety of prescribed environments using a 1.5-dimension downdraft model. The spatial dimensionality of this model is purposely less than three so as to simplify analyses and to focus on vertical processes, which are thought to be of primary importance. Moreover, prescribed environments are used so as to span a wide range of conditions that both incorporate the range of perceived possible RFD environments and to illustrate different modes of modeled RFD behavior. A description of the model is provided next, followed by a description of prescribed environments, results, discussion, and conclusions.
Super Junction LDMOS Transistors - Implementing super junction LDMOS transistors to overcome substrate depletion effects

The super junction (SJ) concept (Coe et al.) applied to power semiconductor devices is attractive due to its potential for reducing on-resistance at a given breakdown voltage. Discrete SJ vertical power devices have recently become available commercially. However, lateral SJ devices have not materialized for several years partly due to the fact that the lateral SJ structure, implemented on silicon substrates, suffers from substrate-assisted depletion effects which reduce the breakdown voltage. This article discusses the various device structures that have been proposed to eliminate the substrate-assisted depletion effects in SJ-lateral double diffused MOS LDMOS transistors (SJ-LDMOSTs). The concept of the SJ device and vertical and lateral SJ structure was summarized. The substrate-assisted depletion effects are described in detail. The alternative implementations proposed to suppress the substrate effects were then discussed. And the experimental implementation results are summarized and discussed to identify the most likely option for the implementation of lateral SJ-LDMOSTs
A 20nm 1.8V 8Gb PRAM with 40MB/s program bandwidth

Phase-change random access memory (PRAM) is considered as one of the most promising candidates for future memories because of its good scalability and cost-effectiveness [1]. Besides implementations with standard interfaces like NOR flash or LPDDR2-NVM, application-oriented approaches using PRAM as main-memory or storage-class memory have been researched [2-3]. These studies suggest that noticeable merits can be achieved by using PRAM in improving power consumption, system cost, etc. However, relatively low chip density and insufficient write bandwidth of PRAMs are obstacles to better system performance. In this paper, we present an 8Gb PRAM with 40MB/s write bandwidth featuring 8Mb sub-array core architecture with 20nm diode-switched PRAM cells [4]. When an external high voltage is applied, the write bandwidth can be extended as high as 133MB/s.
Design of a substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filter using in microwave communication systems

Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) which can be seamlessly integrated with planar circuits and more conveniently fabricated by normal PCB with low cost catches more and more scholars' attenuations and becomes a research hotspot in resent years. This paper presents a SIW bandpass filter designing steps with rectangular waveguide resonator design method, that initial configuration parameters speed up the optimization process. There are good agreements between the experimental results and simulations.
Investigation of ground effect on aerodynamic forces and three-dimensional flow structures for a flapping wing

The aim of the present work is to provide an insight into the aerodynamic performances of the beetle during take-off which had been estimated in previous investigations. We employed a scaled-up electromechanical model flapping wing to measure the aerodynamic forces and the three-dimensional flow structures on the flapping wing. The ground effect on the unsteady forces and the flow structures was also characterized. The present dynamically-scaled wing model could replicate the general stroke pattern of the beetle's hind wing kinematics during take-off flight. The instantaneous aerodynamic forces for four strokes during beetle's take-off were measured by the force sensor attached at the wing base. Flow visualization provided the general picture of the evolution of the three-dimensional leading edge vortex (LEV) on the beetle hind wing model. The LEV is stable during each stroke and increases radically with the distance from the root to the tip, forming a leading-edge spiral vortex. The force measurement results show that the vertical force generated by hind wing is large enough to lift the beetle up. For the beetle hind wing kinematics, the total vertical force production increases 18.4% and 8.6 % for the first and the second stroke, respectively, due to the ground effect.
Burnout syndrome among critical care healthcare workers

Purpose of reviewBurnout syndrome is a psychological state resulting from prolonged exposure to job stressors. Because ICUs are characterized by a high level of work-related stress, a factor known to increase the risk of burnout syndrome, we sought to review the available literature on burnout syndrome in ICU healthcare workers. Recent findingsBased on most recent studies, severe burnout syndrome (as measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory) is present in about 50% of critical care physicians and in one third of critical care nurses. Strikingly, determinants of burnout syndrome are different in the two groups of caregivers. Namely, intensivists who have severe burnout syndrome are those with a high number of working hours (number of night shifts and time from last vacation) but determinants of severe burnout syndrome in ICU-nurses are related to ICU organization and end-of-life-related characteristics. ICU conflicts, however, were independent predictors of severe burnout syndrome in both groups. SummaryRecent studies reported high levels of severe burnout syndrome in ICU healthcare workers and identified potential targets for preventive strategies such as ICU working groups, communication strategies during end-of-life care and prevention and management of ICU conflicts.
Self-Organized Energy-Efficient Cross-Layer Optimization for Device to Device Communication in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Device to device (D2D) communication brings numerous benefits for future heterogeneous cellular networks. However, an energy-efficient design of such D2D communications is a critical challenge due to the cochannel deployment and limited power of users. In this paper, we present an energy-efficient self-organized cross-layer optimization scheme, which aims to maximize the D2D communication energy-efficiency without jeopardizing the quality of service (QoS) requirements of other tiers. Specifically, we model the cross-layer optimization, which includes resource block (RB) and power allocation using a noncooperative game. In the proposed scheme, each D2D transmitter user, which is a player in the game, operates in a self-organizing manner and selects the RBs and the power levels for enhancing its energy efficiency while maintaining the QoS requirements of other heterogeneous parties. Concerning the computationally intense nature of the global optimization problem, we decompose the problem into two subproblems: the RB allocation and the power allocation, and solve them iteratively in a game-theoretic manner. Simulation results demonstrate superior energy efficiency performance of the proposed scheme over conventional schemes. In addition, it is also shown via simulation that the performance of the proposed scheme degrades if the channel state information is not precisely available.
Acute-phase protein α-1-acid glycoprotein mediates neutrophil migration failure in sepsis by a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism

The reduction of circulating neutrophil migration to infection sites is associated with a poor outcome of severe sepsis. α-1-Acid glycoprotein (AGP) was isolated from the sera of severely septic patients by HPLC and acrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry. Both the isolated protein and commercial AGP inhibited carrageenin-induced neutrophil migration into the rat peritoneal cavity when administered i.v. at a dose of 4.0 μg per rat (95 pmol per rat). Analysis by intravital microscopy demonstrated that both proteins inhibited the rolling and adhesion of leukocytes in the mesenteric microcirculation. The inhibitory activity was blocked by 50 mg/kg aminoguanidine, s.c. , and was not demonstrable in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) knockout mice. Incubation of AGP with neutrophils from healthy subjects induced the production of NO and inhibited the neutrophil chemotaxis by an iNOS/NO/cyclic guanosine 3,5-monophosphate-dependent pathway. In addition, AGP induced the l-selectin shedding by neutrophils. The administration of AGP to rats with mild cecal ligation puncture sepsis inhibited neutrophil migration and reduced 7-day survival from ≈80% to 20%. These data demonstrate that AGP, an acute-phase protein, inhibits neutrophil migration by an NO-dependent process and suggest that AGP also participates in human sepsis.
A recommendation scheme utilizing Collaborative Filtering

The proliferation of computers as handheld devices with Internet connectivity along with ecommerce and social networking sites allow the generation of huge amount of data. This data empowers the corporations and other organizations to produce meaningful business patterns from consumers' behavior. Also, they can build recommender systems to predict future social trends which can enhance their services and improve their products. For example, The recommendation systems used by companies such as Amazon, Google News, and Netflix utilize Collaborative Filtering techniques such as k-nearest neighbor (kNN) to discover what their users like and dislike. Using kNN, the system compares a primary user with all others and determines how similar their interests are to the primary user's. Doing so creates a neighborhood list, consisting of every user's similarity to the primary user. Using this list, it is easy to determine the primary user's most similar, or nearest neighbor. This nearest neighbor will then provide the basis for the primary user's recommendations. In this research, we present a realistic method to process large data sets collected from Internet for recommending bookmarks by using kNN in a variation of Collaborative Filtering called One-Class Collaborative Filtering (OCCF).
Intravascular near-infrared fluorescence catheter with ultrasound guidance and blood attenuation correction

Abstract. Intravascular near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging offers a new approach for characterizing atherosclerotic plaque, but random catheter positioning within the vessel lumen results in variable light attenuation and can yield inaccurate measurements. We hypothesized that NIRF measurements could be corrected for variable light attenuation through blood by tracking the location of the NIRF catheter with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). In this study, a combined NIRF-IVUS catheter was designed to acquire coregistered NIRF and IVUS data, an automated image processing algorithm was developed to measure catheter-to-vessel wall distances, and depth-dependent attenuation of the fluorescent signal was corrected by an analytical light propagation model. Performance of the catheter sensing distance correction method was evaluated in coronary artery phantoms and ex vivo arteries. The correction method produced NIRF estimates of fluorophore concentrations, in coronary artery phantoms, with an average root mean square error of 17.5%. In addition, the correction method resulted in a statistically significant improvement in correlation between spatially resolved NIRF measurements and known fluorophore spatial distributions in ex vivo arteries (from r=0.24 to 0.69, p<0.01, n=6). This work demonstrates that catheter-to-vessel wall distances, measured from IVUS images, can be employed to compensate for inaccuracies caused by variable intravascular NIRF sensing distances.
The Quality of Content Analyses of State Student Achievement Tests and Content Standards

This article examines the reliability of content analyses of state student achievement tests and state content standards. We use data from two states in three grades in mathematics and English language arts and reading to explore differences by state, content area, grade level, and document type. Using a generalizability framework, we find that reliabilities for four coders are generally greater than . 80. For the two problematic reliabilities, they are partly explained by an odd rater out. We conclude that the content analysis procedures, when used with at least five raters, provide reliable information to researchers, policymakers, and practitioners about the content of assessments and standards.
Multi-Dimensional Forms of Poverty Experienced by Unemployed HIV- positive Mothers Living in Khayelitsha

For the millions of unemployed South Africans, poverty is a daily experience. However, traditional economic measures of poverty are failing to provide policy makers with a full picture of the lived experience of poverty. Through two years of participant observation at Philani Nutrition Center, conversations and home visits with local outreach workers, and in-depth interviews with five HIVpositive unemployed mothers in Khayelitsha, this paper explores the multiple dimensions of poverty experienced by these mothers and their children. Using class and gender-based theories of structural oppression, this paper argues that these mothers are marginalised from the labour market and are members of a distinct unemployed underclass. Three main findings emerged from this study. One, the state of chronic unemployment has profound effects on both the material and emotional wellbeing of these women and their families. As a result of the years of raceand class-based discrimination, their opportunities to improve their situations are minimal. Two, the presence of HIV illness serves to reinforce the continued reproduction of this disadvantage through its debilitating physical and social effects. The mother's own HIV illness, as well as the intensive care required by HIV-positive children, limits a mother's ability to work and ensure the child's wellbeing. Three, the structure of patriarchy further ties mothers to their domestic and childcare responsibilities, often without the support of their partners. Unemployment and insufficient social assistance increases their pressure to earn an income in addition to fulfilling daily household responsibilities. It is important to understand how poverty manifests itself in the lives of these women and their children in order to design poverty reduction strategies that address the many dimensions of their experience. The structural causes for their poverty need to be recognised in order to motivate meaningful changes in our society, with the goal of creating an enabling environment for these mothers. This will then provide the mothers with the space in which to transcend their current position in the underclass and ensure the many aspects of wellbeing for themselves and their children.
Association of the CYP1B1*3 allele with survival in patients with prostate cancer receiving docetaxel

Using a single nucleotide polymorphism association study in 52 men with prostate cancer receiving docetaxel, we found that individuals carrying two copies of the CYP1B1*3 polymorphic variant had a poor prognosis after docetaxel-based therapies compared with individuals carrying at least one copy of the CYP1B1*1 allele (30.6 versus 12.8 months; P = 0.0004). The association between CYP1B1*3 and response to therapy was not observed in similar subjects receiving non-taxane-based therapy (P = 0.18). The systemic clearance of docetaxel was also unrelated to CYP1B1 genotype status (P = 0.39), indicating that the association of CYP1B1*3 with clinical response is not due to docetaxel metabolism. To explain these results, we hypothesized that an indirect gene-drug interaction was interfering with the primary mechanism of action of docetaxel, tubulin polymerization. We therefore conducted tubulin polymerization experiments with taxanes in the presence or absence of certain CYP1B1 estrogen metabolites, which are known to bind to nucleophilic sites in proteins and DNA, that revealed the primary estrogen metabolite of CYP1B1, 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), when oxidized to estradiol-3,4-quinone strongly inhibits tubulin polymerization. The 4-OHE2 is also formed more readily by the protein encoded by the CYP1B1*3 allele, validating further our data in patients. Furthermore, estradiol-3,4-quinone reacted in vitro with docetaxel to form the 4-OHE2-docetaxel adduct. This pilot study provides evidence that CYP1B1*3 may be an important marker for estimating docetaxel efficacy in patients with prostate cancer. This link is likely associated with CYP1B1*3 genotype-dependent estrogen metabolism. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(1):19–26]
Power Allocation between Pilot and Data Symbols for MIMO Systems with MMSE Detection under MMSE Channel Estimation

For multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication system with minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection, a new scheme of power allocation between pilot and data symbols is investigated under MMSE channel estimation in this paper. First, we propose a novel soft-output MMSE MIMO detector by taking into consideration the channel estimation error. Then, through the application of random matrix theorem, we propose an efficient scheme for power allocation between pilot and data symbols which maximizes the lower bound of postprocessing signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) for MIMO systems with equal number of transmitter and receiver antennas. We have proven the existence and uniqueness of the proposed optimal power allocation settings. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the proposed power allocation is also valid and applicable for those MIMO systems with unequal number of transmitter and receiver antennas. Finally, our extensive simulation results have validated this novel power allocation scheme.
A Study of the Transfer of Serum Proteins into Tissue Injured by Tourniquet.∗

Summary Electrophoretic, ultracentrifugal and immunochemical analyses of a protein extracted in buffered saline from tissues injured by the application of a tight tourniquet to one hind leg of the dogs indicate that large quantities of serum albumin enter the injured tissue. However, little or none of the α- and β-globulins enters the tissue. The dye, T-1824, injected intravenously before release of the tourniquet appears in the tissue of the injured leg only.