Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Al Qaeda and What It Means to Be Modern

Fundamentalist terror movements are seen as reversions to medievalism, backlashes against a way of life that is the same everywhere. This view is a mirage. Thinking of modernity as a universal condition is a hindrance to understanding the present. Gray goes back to the origins of our notion of modernity in early nineteenth-century Positivism. Many economists imbibed their view that every society goes through the same developmental phases. Gray argues that September 11th destroyed the idea of globalisation as the sole pathway to modernity. He considers the role of the global free market, the pretensions of economics, the metamorphosis of war and the prospects of an American empire.
Cultural Landscapes in Asia‐Pacific: Potential for Filling World Heritage Gaps 1

World Heritage listing and public presentation for tourism at Asian sites like Angkor has tended to focus on architectural ensembles, notwithstanding archaeological research involving wider aspects of landscape setting. Taking Angkor, Borobudur and Bagan as examples, this paper proposes a critical review of the concept of such heritage places and their interpretation under the wider concept of cultural landscapes replete with extensive intangible values and as outstanding examples of a continuous living/nourishing tradition and history. In this sense the architectural monuments themselves are a component of a wider cultural landscape pattern to which they are inextricably tied. Seeing the monuments without seeing their cultural context is akin to seeing leaves but not the tree. The paper is set within the framework of concepts of authenticity and the increasing interest in the cultural landscape concept in Asia. Underpinning the theme of the paper is the activity of reading the landscape with its sense of continuity and interrelationships between people, events and place through time, and transmitting this to visitors.
Glucocorticoid‐induced TNFR family‐related protein (GITR) activation exacerbates murine asthma and collagen‐induced arthritis

Glucocorticoid‐induced TNFR family‐related protein (GITR) is expressed at low levels on resting T cells, B cells and macrophages but at high levels on regulatory T cells (Treg). Although GITR expression is up‐regulated on CD4+ effector cells upon activation, the role of GITR in Th1 and Th2 cell development is unclear. We report here that activation of GITR signalling by anti‐GITR antibody markedly enhanced the induction of both Th1 and Th2 cytokine production by naive CD4+CD25– T cells. Consistent with this observation, anti‐GITR antibody significantly enhanced the expression of the key Th1 (T‐bet) and Th2 (GATA3) transcription factors in vitro. Administration of anti‐GITR mAb in a murine model of arthritis significantly exacerbated the severity and onset of joint inflammation with elevated production of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐5, and collagen‐specific IgG1. Administration of anti‐GITR mAb also significantly exacerbated murine allergic airways inflammation with elevated production of OVA‐specific IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, and IgE. Finally, we demonstrated that adoptive transfer of CD4+GITR+ T cells effectively abolished airway inflammation induced in SCID mice reconstituted with CD4+GITR– T cells. Our results therefore provide direct evidence that GITR can modulate both Th1‐ and Th2‐mediated inflammatory diseases, and may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Predicting language scores from the speech perception scores of hearing-impaired children

The ability to understand speech in 27 hearing impaired children was assessed using the BKB/A Picture Related Sentence test for children. The mean sentence score for the group was 72% (range 100-18%). Language scores (CELF-R) and Verbal Scale IQ (WISC-R) scores were significantly below the norm (72.8 and 89.2 respectively). Performance Scale IQ scores were slightly above the norm (106.3). Sentences scores were correlated significantly with language score (r = 0.49). Further investigation showed that the predicability of language scores could be improved when sensation level was taken into account. Sensation level was negatively correlated with language scores (r = - 0.51), demonstrating that children with better language abilities perceived speech at relatively lower intensity levels. The observed sensation levels from the group were compared with the expected levels for normally hearing children. This difference measure yielded a correlation coefficient of - 0.73 with language scores.
Enhanced Inhibition of Bladder Cancer Cell Growth by Simultaneous Knockdown of Antiapoptotic Bcl-xL and Survivin in Combination with Chemotherapy

The overexpression of antiapoptotic genes, such as Bcl-xL and survivin, contributes to the increased survival of tumor cells and to the development of treatment resistances. In the bladder cancer cell lines EJ28 and J82, the siRNA-mediated knockdown of survivin reduces cell proliferation and the inhibition of Bcl-xL sensitizes these cells towards subsequent chemotherapy with mitomycin C and cisplatin. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze if the simultaneous knockdown of Bcl-xL and survivin might represent a more powerful treatment option for bladder cancer than the single inhibition of one of these target genes. At 96 h after transfection, reduction in cell viability was stronger after simultaneous inhibition of Bcl-xL and survivin (decrease of 40%–48%) in comparison to the single target treatments (decrease of 29% at best). Furthermore, simultaneous knockdown of Bcl-xL and survivin considerably increased the efficacy of subsequent chemotherapy. For example, cellular viability of EJ28 cells decreased to 6% in consequence of Bcl-xL and survivin inhibition plus cisplatin treatment whereas single target siRNA plus chemotherapy treatments mediated reductions down to 15%–36% only. In conclusion, the combination of simultaneous siRNA-mediated knockdown of antiapoptotic Bcl-xL and survivin—a multitarget molecular-based therapy—and conventional chemotherapy shows great potential for improving bladder cancer treatment.
Convergent evidence for categorial change in French: From subject clitic to agreement marker

The status of subject clitics in French has been heavily debated (Kayne 1975, Rizzi 1986, Roberge 1990, Auger 1994b, Miller & Sag 1997, De Cat 2007b, and many others). Distributional properties of French subject clitics have led Kayne (1975), Rizzi (1986), and others to analyze them as argument-bearing elements occupying canonical subject position, cliticizing to the verb only at the level of the phonology. While this hypothesis enjoys a wide following, a growing body of evidence suggests that it fails to capture patterns of subject-clitic use in colloquial French dialects/registers (Roberge 1990, Auger 1994b, Zribi-Hertz 1994, Miller & Sag 1997). Using new evidence from prosodic and corpus analyses, speaker judgments, and crosslinguistic typology, this article argues that (i) European Colloquial French exhibits differences from Standard French that impact how subject clitics are best analyzed, and more specifically (ii) subject clitics in European Colloquial French are affixal agreement markers, not phonological clitic arguments.
Certain Pairs of Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzymes (E2s) and Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (E3s) Synthesize Nondegradable Forked Ubiquitin Chains Containing All Possible Isopeptide Linkages*

It is generally assumed that a specific ubiquitin ligase (E3) links protein substrates to polyubiquitin chains containing a single type of isopeptide linkage, and that chains composed of linkages through Lys48, but not through Lys63, target proteins for proteasomal degradation. However, when we carried out a systematic analysis of the types of ubiquitin (Ub) chains formed by different purified E3s and Ub-conjugating enzymes (E2s), we found, using Ub mutants and mass spectrometry, that the U-box E3, CHIP, and Ring finger E3s, MuRF1 and Mdm2, with the E2, UbcH5, form a novel type of Ub chain that contains all seven possible linkages, but predominantly Lys48, Lys63, and Lys11 linkages. Also, these heterogeneous chains contain forks (bifurcations), where two Ub molecules are linked to the adjacent lysines at Lys6 + Lys11, Lys27 + Lys29, or Lys29 + Lys33 on the preceding Ub molecule. However, the HECT domain E3s, E6AP and Nedd4, with the same E2, UbcH5, form homogeneous chains exclusively, either Lys48 chains (E6AP) or Lys63 chains (Nedd4). Furthermore, with other families of E2s, CHIP and MuRF1 synthesize homogeneous Ub chains on the substrates. Using the dimeric E2, UbcH13/Uev1a, they attach Lys63 chains, but with UbcH1 (E2–25K), MuRF1 synthesizes Lys48 chains on the substrate. We then compared the capacity of the forked heterogeneous chains and homogeneous chains to support proteasomal degradation. When troponin I was linked by MuRF1 to a Lys48-Ub chain or, surprisingly, to a Lys63-Ub chain, troponin I was degraded rapidly by pure 26S proteasomes. However, when linked to the mixed forked chains, troponin I was degraded quite poorly, and its polyUb chain, especially the forked linkages, was disassembled slowly by proteasome-associated isopeptidases. Because these Ring finger and U-box E3s with UbcH5 target proteins for degradation in vivo, but Lys63 chains do not, cells probably contain additional factors that prevent formation of such nondegradable Ub-conjugates and that protect proteins linked to Lys63-Ub chains from proteasomal degradation.
Renal arterial stenosis: prospective comparison of color Doppler US and breath-hold, three-dimensional, dynamic, gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography.

PURPOSE To compare color Doppler ultrasonography (US) with fast, breath-hold, three-dimensional, gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in detecting renal arterial stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five patients with clinical suspicion of renovascular disease were prospectively examined with intra- and extrarenal color Doppler US and breath-hold, gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography. Digital subtraction arteriography (DSA) was the standard of reference in all patients for the number of renal arteries and degree of stenosis. RESULTS DSA depicted 103 arteries and 52 stenoses. Color Doppler US was nondiagnostic in two examinations. Significantly more of 13 accessory renal arteries were detected with MR angiography (n = 12) than with color Doppler US (n = 3; P <.05). For assessing all stenoses, the sensitivity and accuracy were 94% and 91%, respectively, for MR angiography and 71% and 76%, respectively, for US (P <.05). The sensitivity was higher for MR angiography (100%) than for US (79%; P <.05) in diagnosing stenoses with at least 50% narrowing. The specificity, accuracy, and negative predictive value in diagnosing stenoses of at least 50% narrowing were 93%, 95%, and 100% for MR angiography and 93%, 89%, and 90% for US. CONCLUSION Breath-hold, gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography is superior to color Doppler US in accessory renal artery detection. Although the specificity of MR angiography is similar to that of color Doppler US, MR angiography has a better sensitivity and negative predictive value in depicting renal arterial stenoses.
Towards player-driven procedural content generation

Generating immersive game content is one of the ultimate goals for a game designer. This goal can be achieved by realizing the fact that players' perception of the same game differ according to a number of factors including: players' personality, playing styles, expertise and culture background. While one player might find the game immersive, others may quit playing as a result of encountering a seemingly insoluble problem. One promising avenue towards optimizing the gameplay experience for individual game players is to tailor player experience in real-time via automatic game content generation. Specifying the aspects of the game that have the major influence on the gameplay experience, identifying the relationship between these aspect and each individual experience and defining a mechanism for tailoring the game content according to each individual needs are important steps towards player-driven content generation.
Spanning the length scales in dynamic simulation

couple different length and time scales in serial fashion. By this we mean that one set of calculations at a fundamental level, and of high computational complexity, is used to evaluate constants for use in a more approximate or phenomenological computational methodology at longer length or time scales. In pioneering work of this sort in the 1980s, Clementi and coworkers1 used high-quality quantum-mechanical methods to evaluate the interaction of several water molecules. From this database they parameterized an empirical potential for use in molecular-dynamics atomistic simulations. Such a simulation was then used to evaluate the viscosity of water from the atomic autocorrelation function. Finally, the computed viscosity was used in a computational-fluid-dynamics calculation to predict tidal circulation in Buzzards Bay, MA. This tour de force of computational physics is a powerful example of the sequential coupling of length and time scales: one series of calculations is used as input to the next up the length and time hierarchy. There are many other examples in the literature. But what underlies all these schemes is that an appropriate computational methodology is used for a given scale or task, whether it be the accuracy of quantum mechanics at the shortest scales or fluid dynamics at the longest scales. In contrast, there has been comparatively little effort devoted to the parallel coupling of different computational schemes for a simultaneous attack on a given problem; in our case, our interest dictates specific attention toward issues in materials or solid-state physics. We will focus specifically on the coupling of length scales for the three mechanics describing materials phenomena: quantum mechanics, atomistic mechanics, and continuum mechanics.
And, Not But: Moving from Monologue to Dialogue in Introductory Psychology/English Writing Courses

We discuss the use of writing in connected introductory psychohlogy and English courses to help students integrate the two fields. We describe the readings and themes that link our courses, and the sequence of paper topics that engages students in increasingly complicated intellectual tasks. A dialogic, inductive method of teaching and developing paper topics is detailed. Our approach supports students' movement from the personal and subjective toward autonomy and objectivity in their thinking and writing.
Efficacy of lactosaminated and intact N‐succinyl‐chitosan‐mitomycin C conjugates against M5076 liver metastatic cancer

In this study, lactosaminated N‐succinyl‐chitosan (Lac‐Suc) was investigated for its liver targeting ability in the early metastatic stage of liver cancer, and subsequently Lac‐Suc‐mitomycin C conjugate (Lac‐Suc‐MMC) and highly‐succinylated N‐succinyl‐chitosan (Suc(II))‐MMC conjugate (Suc(II)‐MMC) were examined for efficacy against the liver metastasis. Mice into which M5076 cells were inoculated intravenously were used as liver metastatic models. Fluorescently labelled Lac‐Suc (Lac‐Suc‐FTC) was intravenously administered at a daily dose of 0.2 mg/mouse for 4 days or at a single dose of 0.8 mg/mouse at 3 days post‐inoculation. At a dose of 0.2 mg/mouse for 4 days, liver accumulation of Lac‐Suc‐FTC was increased after all except the fourth injection, indicating that the capacity of accumulation might be limited to around 110μg per mouse with repeated daily administration at 0.2 mg/mouse. As to the efficacy of intravenous administration at 7 days post‐inoculation, Lac‐Suc‐MMC was less effective at a dose of 1 mg kg−1 for 4 days than a single dose of 4 mg kg−1. This result was not in accordance with that expected from the biodistribution study. On the other hand, with intravenous administration at 3 days post‐inoculation, Suc(II)‐MMC was more effective on repeated administration, and it showed higher efficacy than Lac‐Suc‐MMC at both 1 mg kg−1 for 4 days and 4 mg kg−1 as a single dose. Further, with intravenous administration at 3 days post‐inoculation, Suc(II)‐MMC exhibited a much higher survival effect at a dose of 4 mg kg−1 for 4 days.
The Nude Mouse as Model for Liver Deficiency Study and Treatment and Xenotransplantation

We aimed at reviewing the various uses of Nude mouse for the development of liver deficiency models and evaluation of efficacy of hepatic cell xenotransplantation. The first part records the large range of liver deficiency models that can be developed in Nude mice: surgical partial hepatectomy, acute toxic liver deficiency, chronic cirrhosis, and transgenic liver injury. The second part tackles the outcome of rat hepatocyte as well as human cell transplantation, both mature hepatocyte and hepatic progenitor, into Nude mouse submitted to liver injury. Results are discussed and compared to other available immunodeficient mouse models. The issue of humanized liver creation is also addressed. Altogether, these results show that Nude mouse appears to be a suitable small animal model to expand our insight into liver cell engraftment and regeneration.
Supporting Fathers in Multi-Ethnic Societies: Insights from British Asian Fathers

Abstract There is concern that current UK policy and intervention aimed at supporting fathers remains primarily informed by dominant White middle-class values and experiences, and therefore fails to respond adequately to the needs of Britain's diverse fathers. This paper contributes to understanding of ethnic diversity in fathering contexts, practices and experiences, by reporting findings from a qualitative study of British Asian fathers, involving in-depth interviews with fifty-nine fathers and thirty-three mothers from Bangladeshi Muslim, Pakistani Muslim, Gujarati Hindu and Punjabi Sikh background, and over eight additional respondents engaged through Key Informant interviews, ethnographic interviews and group discussions. The paper highlights four areas that require greater recognition by policy-makers and practitioners to appropriately meet the needs of fathers from diverse ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds. These are: recognising that fathers and mothers do not necessarily constitute an autonomous unit; appreciating diversity in fathers’ understandings of desirable child outcomes; addressing additional obstacles to achieving similar outcomes for children; and understanding that the boundaries and content of fathering are not universally recognised. Policies that are less normative and more responsive to diversity are essential to ensure that all fathers can be effectively supported.
Estimating the Probability of Infeasible Real-Time Dispatch Without Exact Distributions of Stochastic Wind Generations

This paper proposes a data-driven and convex optimization based method to quantify the probability of infeasible real-time dispatch (RTD) of power systems with volatile wind energy integrations. The required information about wind power is a finite sequence of moments, instead of the exact probability distribution function (PDF). The candidate PDFs are restricted in a functional set subject to moment constraints. By assuming the dispatchable region of nodal wind power injection is available, we propose a semi-definite programming (SDP) based method and a linear programming (LP) based method to estimate the probability of infeasibility in the worst wind power distribution. We also suggest two alternative methods based on the emerging generalized Chebyshev inequality (GCI) and generalized Gauss inequality (GGI), which only utilize the first and second order moments, and boil down to solving SDPs. We compare the performances of all the discussed methods on the moderately sized IEEE 118-bus system. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can offer monotonically better estimation when higher order moments are provided and is competitive with GCI and GGI.
Abstractive Meeting Summarization Using Dependency Graph Fusion

Automatic summarization techniques on meeting conversations developed so far have been primarily extractive, resulting in poor summaries. To improve this, we propose an approach to generate abstractive summaries by fusing important content from several utterances. Any meeting is generally comprised of several discussion topic segments. For each topic segment within a meeting conversation, we aim to generate a one sentence summary from the most important utterances using an integer linear programming-based sentence fusion approach. Experimental results show that our method can generate more informative summaries than the baselines.
Health contract with sedentary older adults.

PURPOSE Health educators used health contracts with sedentary older adults for the purpose of increasing exercise or physical activity. DESIGN AND METHODS Two health educators helped 25 sedentary older adults complete health contracts, and then they conducted follow-up evaluations. The percentage of scheduled exercise sessions successfully completed by older adults was calculated. Participants were asked if each of five components of the health contract-motivation, goal setting, social support, memory techniques, and problem solving-was helpful in achieving their exercise goals. RESULTS Of the 25 participants, 20 achieved at least 75% of their exercise goals and 15 had a 100% success rate. Most of the older adults reported that several behavioral, social, and cognitive strategies were helpful to them. IMPLICATIONS This technique may be applied by health educators or clinicians in a variety of settings and can be focused on one of several potential risk factors.
Divided attention at encoding and retrieval for once- and thrice-presented items: A micro-level analysis of attentional costs

Several recent studies have indicated that retrieval, unlike encoding, is only minimally affected by dividing attention, but is associated with significant secondary task costs. The reported experiment further investigated the effects of divided attention at encoding and retrieval on recall by manipulating the number of presentations of word pairs and using a cued-recall paradigm and a multimeasure approach. This allowed the assessment of accuracy and latency of retrievals of once- and thrice-presented items, as well as of overall attentional costs and the temporal distribution of attentional costs incurred by these retrievals. The results obtained show that providing episodic enhancement to the cue–target relationships, by presenting word pairs three times during the study phase, increases both the probability of retrieval success and the speed of the retrieval. In addition, repetition leads to retrieval which requires less attentional resources. In particular, repeated items require fewer attentional resources during the cue-elaboration/search component. This effect seems to be mediated by a change in the nature of retrievals of the thrice-presented pairs, which seem to mostly bypass the search process, making it faster and less dependent on attentional resources.
Long‐term follow‐up of Wilson Disease: natural history, treatment, mutations analysis and phenotypic correlation

Background and aims: Wilson disease (WD) is an inherited disorder of copper metabolism. When treated, the outcome can be excellent, although the long‐term survival has yet to be well documented. The aim of this study was to describe the long‐term outcome of a cohort of patients with WD and to assess those factors affecting the phenotypic manifestation of WD.