Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non‐branched &bgr;‐1,3‐glucan oligosaccharides trigger immune responses in Arabidopsis

Fungal cell walls, which are essential for environmental adaptation and host colonization by the fungus, have been evolutionarily selected by plants and animals as a source of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) that, upon recognition by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), trigger immune responses conferring disease resistance. Chito-oligosaccharides [β-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine oligomers, (GlcNAc)n ] are the only glycosidic structures from fungal walls that have been well-demonstrated to function as MAMPs in plants. Perception of (GlcNAc)4-8 by Arabidopsis involves CERK1, LYK4 and LYK5, three of the eight members of the LysM PRR family. We found that a glucan-enriched wall fraction from the pathogenic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina which was devoid of GlcNAc activated immune responses in Arabidopsis wild-type plants but not in the cerk1 mutant. Using this differential response, we identified the non-branched 1,3-β-d-(Glc) hexasaccharide as a major fungal MAMP. Recognition of 1,3-β-d-(Glc)6 was impaired in cerk1 but not in mutants defective in either each of the LysM PRR family members or in the PRR-co-receptor BAK1. Transcriptomic analyses of Arabidopsis plants treated with 1,3-β-d-(Glc)6 further demonstrated that this fungal MAMP triggers the expression of immunity-associated genes. In silico docking analyses with molecular mechanics and solvation energy calculations corroborated that CERK1 can bind 1,3-β-d-(Glc)6 at effective concentrations similar to those of (GlcNAc)4 . These data support that plants, like animals, have selected as MAMPs the linear 1,3-β-d-glucans present in the walls of fungi and oomycetes. Our data also suggest that CERK1 functions as an immune co-receptor for linear 1,3-β-d-glucans in a similar way to its proposed function in the recognition of fungal chito-oligosaccharides and bacterial peptidoglycan MAMPs.
EVALUASI LINTASAN PEMBORAN BERARAHDENGAN METODE MINIMUM OF CURVATURE PADASUMUR X LAPANGAN Y PETROCHINA INTERNATIONAL

Pemboran berarah adalah suatu teknik membelokkan lubang sumur untuk kemudian diarahkan ke suatu sasaran tertentu di dalam formasi yang tidak terletak secara vertikal.Dalam membor suatu formasi, selalu diinginkan lubang vertikal, namun karena alasan-alasan yang menyangkut faktor geologis, faktor topografis, faktor ekonomis, dan lain-lain maka pemboran berarah menjadi salah satu pilihan. Masalah akan timbul dimana lintasan yang terbentuk tidak sesuai dengan yang direncanakan, meskipun target kedalaman formasi yang diinginkan tercapai. Hal ini dapat berpengaruh pada bertambahnya waktu operasi yang tidak produktif dan tentunya biaya pemboran yang semakin bertambah. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut maka survey pemboran harus dilakukan untuk melihat arah penyimpangan lintasan dan mengarahkan pemboran kembali pada lintasan yang direncanakan.Metode yang digunakan dalam perhitungan lintasan pemboran didasarkan pada metode Minimum of Curvature. Di dalam penulisan ini mencoba untuk melihat penerapan dari suatu perencanaan lintasan pemboran berarah dan melakukan evaluasi keberhasilan perencanaan lintasan pemboran yang hasilnya diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan masalah-masalah yang dihadapi dan menjadikan operasi pemboran lebih efektif dan efisien.
Romanian2SPARQL: A Grammatical Framework approach for querying Linked Data in Romanian

SPARQL queries have become the current state of the art for querying linked open data repositories. Given the difficulties to create such queries by non-expert users, interfaces that accept questions in natural language and convert them to SPARQL are one solution to this problem. We developed a translator for Romanian natural language to SPARQL. The system exploits the conceptual power of the Grammatical Framework library and the Haskell programming language. The system is validated in the Romanian cultural domain against various Linked Data Sources, including DBpedia.
Analysis of Mlc‐lacZ Met mutants highlights the essential function of Met for migratory precursors of hypaxial muscles and reveals a role for Met in the development of hyoid arch‐derived facial muscles

The Pax3 and c‐met genes are necessary for the development of tongue, diaphragm, and limb muscles. These hypaxial muscles derive from precursors that migrate out of the ventrolateral lip of the somites at occipital, cervical, and limb levels. In this work, we re‐examined primary myogenesis in c‐met signaling mutants using a skeletal muscle‐specific lacZ transgene (Mlc3f‐nlacZ‐2E). This strategy allowed us to identify precisely the shoulder, limb, tongue, and dermal muscles that need Met for development and to confirm that the morphological structure of epaxial and body wall muscles was normal, even in the most severe c‐met mutant. Surprisingly, however, X‐gal staining showed that, in this mutant, hyoid arch‐derived facial muscles were either reduced or absent, thus revealing that Met also contributes to the development of muscles in the head. Developmental Dynamics 231:582–591, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
WEIGHTED STATISTICAL CONVERGENCE IN INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY NORMED LINEAR SPACES

In this paper, we define ( N, pn ) summability with respect to the intuitionistic fuzzy norm (μ, υ). We use the concept of ( N, pn ) summability with respect to the intuitionistic fuzzy norm (μ, υ) to generalize the concept of statistical convergence with respect to the intuitionistic fuzzy norm (μ, υ). We call this new method as weighted statistical convergence with respect to the intuitionistic fuzzy norm (μ, υ) . We also examine its relationship between statistical convergence and ( N, pn ) summability with respect to the intuitionistic fuzzy norm (μ, υ).
Adaptive particle swarm optimization with variable relocation for dynamic optimization problems

This paper proposes to solve the dynamic optimization problem (DOP) by using an adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm with an variable relocation strategy (VRS). The VRS based APSO algorithm (APSO/VRS) has the following two advantages when solving DOP. Firstly, by using the APSO optimizing framework, the algorithm benefits from the fast optimization speed due to the adaptive parameter control. More importantly, the adaptive parameter and operator in APSO make the algorithm fast respond to the environment changes of DOP. Secondly, VRS was reported in the literature to help dynamic evolutionary algorithm (DEA) to relocate the individual position in promising region when environment changes. Therefore, the modified VRS used in APSO can collect historical information in the stability stage and use such information to guide the particle variable relocation in the change stage. We evaluated both APSO and APSO/VRS on several dynamic benchmark problems and compared with two state-of-the-art DEAs and DEA that also used the VRS. The results show that both APSO and APSO/VRS can obtain very competitive results on these problems, and APSO/VRS outperforms others on most of the test cases.
The Tripartite Model for Assessing Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire in Patients With Essential Hypertension

Background:In patients with hypertension, psychosocial factors, such as depressive symptoms and anxiety, are associated with reduced quality of life and triple the risk of nonadherence with medical treatment regimens. Thus, screening tests are crucial to identify patients who may require further assessment and treatment. Objectives:The objective of the current study was to test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire–Short Form (MASQ-SF-C) in patients with essential hypertension. Methods:The MASQ-SF-C, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were administered to a convenience sample of 869 hypertensive patients in 4 hospitals. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the tripartite model. We evaluate the internal consistency of the MASQ-SF-C and we used the Bland-Altman approach to evaluate convergent validity between the MASQ-SF-C t score and symptoms of (1) depressive symptoms and (2) anxiety. Results:Cronbach’s &agr; coefficient for the total MASQ-SF-C was . 95, and Cronbach’s &agr; coefficients for the 3 subscales were . 83 for anhedonic depression (AD), . 91 for anxiety arousal (AA), and . 94 for general distress (GD), indicating adequate internal consistency reliability. The mean interitem correlation coefficients were as follows: MASQ-SF-C, 0.29; AD, 0.28; AA, 0.38; and GD, 0.40. The 1-month test-retest reliability for the MASQ-SF-C was 0.72. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the 3 first-order factors (GD, AD, and AA) fit the data well (nonnormed fit index = 0.953, comparative fit index = 0.936, incremental fit index = 0.936, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.038). Conclusions:This study supported the reliability and validity of the MASQ-SF-C, indicating that it can be used for assessing depressive symptoms and anxiety concurrently in Chinese-speaking patients with hypertension.
Radiation dose in pelvic imaging.

OBJECTIVE To compare the radiation dose during pelvic x-ray examinations using computed radiography (CR) and film-screen (FS) radiography at various x-ray tube voltages (kV) and tube-current time product (mAs) values. METHODS A pelvic phantom was imaged using FS and CR systems. The entrance surface dose was measured using an ionization chamber, and the gonadal dose and effective dose were calculated using the XDOSE program. The diagnostic quality of the images was assessed using a 5-point subjective scoring system. RESULTS At standard kV values, the image quality did not vary significantly between the CR and the FS system, but at higher kV values, the CR images werefound to be of better quality than FS images. In addition, the lower limit of entrance skin dose consistent with diagnostically acceptable CR images was 50% lower than that for FS images. CONCLUSION The gonadal dose and effective dose for pelvic x-ray examinations can be reduced by 50% when CR systems are used and appropriate exposure factors are established.
A new robust system for 3D audio using loudspeakers

It is well known that the effectiveness of loudspeaker-based 3D audio systems is critically dependent on the listener being in a known position, the so-called "sweet spot". In this paper we propose a new system that provides increased robustness to perturbations such as head movement, reverberation, and different head shapes. The system is based on using a particular geometry that offers a combination of symmetric and asymmetric loudspeaker positions. This combination increases the bandwidth over which the proposed system is robust, when compared with existing 3D audio systems.
GENOTYPE‐BY‐ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS FOR FITNESS OF ERIGERON ANNUUS SHOW FINE‐SCALE SELECTIVE HETEROGENEITY

The results of natural selection depend critically on whether variation in fitness is finegrained or coarse‐grained with respect to dispersal, but little is known of the spatial scale of fitness variation in natural populations. For most evolutionary questions, environmental heterogeneity must be defined by reversals in the relative fitness of genotypes; absolute fitness may vary, but if genotypes respond in parallel then selection is uniform. Thus, measurements of genotype‐by‐environment (G × E) interactions for fitness are necessary to understand patterns of variation in natural selection.
A Corpus-Attested View of Business English Metaphors

Louw’s (2009) idea to create a corpus-attested dictionary of literary terms may initially involve analysing uncontested examples of irony, antithesis and the like, in corpus terms. The paper analyses non-literal expressions in a Guardian business text against the background of the corpus-attested definition of metaphor, arrived at through the detailed analysis of two metaphors in Yeats’s ‘The Circus Animals’ Desertion’ by means of Louw’s Contextual Prosodic Theory (CPT) (Milojkovic 2016). Given that the delexical expressions in the Guardian text are not meant to convey any meanings other than explicit, and that their relexicalisation may be achieved only through other delexical expressions, the paper suggests that they be called delexical rather than metaphorical.
[The changes in vestibular function in patients with diabetes mellitus and its clinical significance].

OBJECTIVE To study the changes of vestibular function in patients with diabetes mellitus and its clinical significance. METHOD Electronystagmography (ENG) was used to examine 76 patients with diabetes mellitus and 60 healthy adults subjects. After clinical detection of vestibular function including spontaneous nystagmus, positional test, head shaking nystagmus, neck torsion test, caloric test, and sensory organization tests which consist of gaze, saccade and smooth pursuit test, the results of these two groups were recorded for qualitative and quantitative statistical analysis. RESULT The rate of vestibular dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus were 68.4%. and that of the controls were 8.3%. There was significant difference between these two groups (chi2 = 15.472, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Vertigo or dizziness occurred in patients with diabetes mellitus might be related to vestibular dysfunction. ENG test could be used as one of the objective clinical examinations in patients with diabetes mellitus.
The effect of group size and cheap talk in the multi-player stag hunt: experimental evidence

Numerous studies have looked at the factors that influence the likelihood of successful coordination. Two of the most important factors are the size of the group and whether communication is possible. To our knowledge, there has been no systematic study of the interaction between group size and communication. We report results from an experiment in which groups of size 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 play a one-shot multi-player stag-hunt game. Subjects always have the opportunity to send structured cheap-talk messages, but we vary whether any of these messages are transmitted to group members. We replicate previous results concerning the negative effect of group size on risky-strategy play and successful coordination. Also consistent with previous studies, communication per se matters less than the content of the communication. Finally, we find significant interaction between the group size and the presence/content of communication.
Studies on pyrocatechase. I. Purification and spectral properties.

Abstract Pyrocatechase was purified from extracts of benzoate-induced cells of Pseudomonas arvilla. The most purified preparation had a specific activity of 29.6, about 50% higher than that previously reported, and was homogeneous as judged by ultracentrifugation and by electrophoresis. The molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 90,000. The enzyme contained 2 g atoms of iron per mole of enzyme protein. Although the chemical determination of the valency state of iron has given inconclusive results, experiments with various chelating agents and the effects of oxidizing and reducing agents indicated that the iron in the native enzyme may be in the trivalent state. The concentrated solution of highly purified pyrocatechase had a pronounced red color with a broad absorption between 390 and 650 mµ. The peak was at about 440 mµ, and the molecular absorbance at 440 mµ was estimated to be 4670. The trivalent iron bound to the enzyme appears to be responsible for the visible absorption band and functions as an integral part of the enzyme, since under a variety of conditions a loss of enzyme activity occurred in parallel with the disappearance of the absorbance in the visible range. By the addition of the substrate, catechol, under anaerobic conditions, the color of the enzyme solution changed to greyish blue with a concurrent increase of the absorbance at about 710 mµ indicating the possible formation of enzyme-substrate complex. This change of absorption spectrum was restored to the original level after catechol was degraded to cis,cis-muconic acid by the addition of oxygen. In light of the above findings, a plausible reaction mechanism of pyrocatechase is discussed.
Anatomy on Interprovincial Changing of Returns to Education in China --From a Viewpoint Based on Hierarchical Liner Model

An empirical analysis is employed to study interprovincial changing of returns to education in China and its influencing factors by the database of "Synthesis Investigation of Living Status for Residents in Urban and Rural Regions (2005)" in CGSS and a regressive technology of Hierarchical liner model, the followed results are approved: returns to education in China has surpass mean level of the world; man's return to education surpass woman's, the minority's returns to education surpass the Han's, returns to education descend with rising of education level, but rise with increasing of income in recent China.
Place de l’accompagnement et du contrôle dans les dispositifs de formation en alternance

Les dispositifs de formation en alternance d’enseignants proposent frequemment un accompagnement reflexif pour soutenir l’apprentissage et favoriser la professionnalisation. Cette fonction est le plus souvent assumee par des formateurs de l’institution et/ou des formateurs de terrain qui se retrouvent ainsi a enseigner des contenus, certifier certaines competences et accompagner des etudiants dans l’analyse ou l’exercice de leurs pratiques.Ces differents roles que doivent jouer les formateurs peuvent creer des champs de tensions. En effet, si les assumer en parallele semble possible du point de vue de l’ingenierie et de l’activite des formateurs, que vivent les personnes en formation dans de tels dispositifs ? C’est le point d’entree de cette etude de cas, une situation difficile d’accompagnement que nous questionnons par une analyse strategique et systemique (Crozier & Friedberg, 1977). Cette recherche met en evidence des axes de reflexion pouvant etre utiles aux concepteurs de tels dispositifs de meme qu’aux acteurs impliques dans ceux-ci : quels sont les buts vises par le dispositif lui-meme, les fonctions et objets de l’evaluation, la repartition des differents roles de l’evaluation entre les acteurs et le mode d’attribution des accompagnateurs ?
Study Morphology of Minimum Spanning Tree Problem and Generalized Algorithms

In this paper, we study the form over the minimum spanning tree problem (MST) from which we will derive an intuitively generalized model and new methods with the upper bound of runtimes of logarithm. The new pattern we made has taken successful to better equilibrium the benefits of local and global when we employ the strategy of divide and conquer to optimize solutions on problem. Under new model, we let the course of clustering become more transparent with many details, so that the whole solution may be featured of much reasonable, flexibility, efficiency and approach to reveal or reflect the reality. There are some important methods and avenues as fruits derived from discussions or trial which can be broad usefulness in the fields of graphic analysis, data mining, k-means clustering problem and so forth.
A variance component approach to dichotomous trait linkage analysis using a threshold model

We developed and utilized a multipoint variance components method to test for linkage between a disease trait and markers on chromosome 5 in the simulated data provided in GAW10 Problem 2. We demonstrated that the discrete trait variance components method recovers unbiased estimates of quantitative trait locus (QTL) location and reasonable estimates of effect size. We also showed that dichotomization of (a continuous trait such as) Q1 diminished the power to detect linkage compared to direct analysis of Q1, and that extended pedigree analyses provided superior power to detect linkage compared to those in nuclear families. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple sclerosis review.

5and 50% of patients will need help walking within 15 years after the onset of the disease. 6 Twice as many women are affected as men, and persons of Northern European descent appear to be at highest risk for MS. 2,7 The disease is diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings and supporting evidence from ancillary tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). MS typically presents in adults 20 to 45 years of age; occasionally, it presents in childhood or late middle age. 7
Archimedean spiral-mode microstrip antenna with improved axial ratio

This paper presents a technique to reduce the axial ratio of two-arm Archimedean spiral-mode microstrip (SMM) antennas without incurring large gain loss, like those exhibited in cavity-loaded spiral (CLS) designs. This was achieved through the use of a circular cavity with conical bottom under the spiral. When free space fills the cavity (/spl epsiv//sub r/=1), the proposed antenna produces a better axial ratio than the SMM antenna without the gain loss associated with the CLS. Furthermore, an angle /spl alpha/=60/spl deg/ produces a relatively constant gain with frequency and better axial ratio than the CLS. When /spl alpha/=30/spl deg/, the cavity /spl epsiv//sub r/ can be increased to five to reduce the antenna dimensions without significant performance degradation.
ubpopulations in aMPV vaccines are unlikely to be the only cause of eversion to virulence

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) infects respiratory and reproductive tracts of domestic poultry, often involving secondary infections, and leads to serious economic losses in most parts of the world. While in general disease is effectively controlled by live vaccines, reversion to virulence of those vaccines has been demonstrated on several occasions. Consensus sequence mutations involved in the process have been identified in more than one instance. In one previous subtype A aMPV candidate vaccine study, small subpopulations were implicated. In the current study, the presence of subpopulations in a subtype B vaccine was investigated by deep sequencing. Of the 19 positions where vaccine (strain VCO3/50) and progenitor (strain VCO3/60616) consensus sequences differed, subpopulations were found to have sequence matching progenitor sequence in 4 positions. However none of these mutations occurred in a virulent revertant of that vaccine, thereby demonstrating that the majority progenitor virus population had not survived the attenuation process, hence was not obviously involved in any return to virulence. However within the vaccine, a single nucleotide variation was found which agreed with consensus sequence of a derived virulent revertant virus, hence this and other undetected, potentially virulent subpopulations, can be involved in reversion. Much deeper sequencing of progenitor, vaccine and revertant may clarify whether problematic virulent subpopulations are present and therefore whether these need to be routinely removed during aMPV vaccine preparation prior to registration and release. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Multi-Functionality in Theranostic Nanoparticles: is more Always Better?

Volume 3 • Issue 8 • 1000e120 J Nanomed Nanotechol ISSN:2157-7439 JNMNT an open access journal Since the launch of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) in 2000, the pace of innovation in nanotechnology related areas worldwide has reached unprecedented levels. In the US alone the NNI umbrella covers the individual and/or cooperative nanotechnology centered activities of 26 different Federal Agencies. The 2013 federal budget for NNI is reported to be $1.8 billion [1].