Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primary breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.

E. Senkus1, S. Kyriakides2, F. Penault-Llorca3,4, P. Poortmans5, A. Thompson6, S. Zackrisson7 & F. Cardoso8,9, on behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Working Group* Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Europa Donna Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Pathology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand; EA 4677 Universite d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institute Verbeeten, Tilburg, The Netherlands; Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden; European School of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Breast Cancer Unit, Champalimaud Centre Center, Lisbon, Portugal
THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION

The aim of this article is to demonstrate the importance and utility of the notion of organizational culture for scholars and practitioners in the field of information studies. It presents a theoretical and empirical examination of the effects of culture on communication and information in organizations. First, the concepts of organizational culture, information and communication are briefly explored. Then a case study of the effects of organizational culture on communication and information is presented. In particular, we make a detailed examination of how attitudes to communication and information that had their roots in a dominant organizational culture were a strong influence on the demise of the company (which was ultimately acquired by a stronger firm).
Cell-specific Kaiso (ZBTB33) Regulation of Cell Cycle through Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E1*

The correlation between aberrant DNA methylation with cancer promotion and progression has prompted an interest in discerning the associated regulatory mechanisms. Kaiso (ZBTB33) is a specialized transcription factor that selectively recognizes methylated CpG-containing sites as well as a sequence-specific DNA target. Increasing reports link ZBTB33 overexpression and transcriptional activities with metastatic potential and poor prognosis in cancer, although there is little mechanistic insight into how cells harness ZBTB33 transcriptional capabilities to promote and progress disease. Here we report mechanistic details for how ZBTB33 mediates cell-specific cell cycle regulation. By utilizing ZBTB33 depletion and overexpression studies, it was determined that in HeLa cells ZBTB33 directly occupies the promoters of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1, inducing proliferation by promoting retinoblastoma phosphorylation and allowing for E2F transcriptional activity that accelerates G1- to S-phase transition. Conversely, in HEK293 cells ZBTB33 indirectly regulates cyclin E abundance resulting in reduced retinoblastoma phosphorylation, decreased E2F activity, and decelerated G1 transition. Thus, we identified a novel mechanism by which ZBTB33 mediates the cyclin D1/cyclin E1/RB1/E2F pathway, controlling passage through the G1 restriction point and accelerating cancer cell proliferation.
Analysis of Ordered Categorical Data: Two Score‐Independent Approaches

Summary A trend test is often employed to analyze ordered categorical data, in which a set of increasing scores is assigned a priori. There is a drawback in this approach, because how to choose a set of scores is not clear. There have been debates on which scores should be used (e.g., Graubard and Korn, 1987 , Biometrics 43, 471–476; Ivanova and Berger, 2001 , Biometrics 57, 567–570; Senn, 2007, Biometrics 63, 296–298). Conflicting conclusions are often obtained with different sets of scores. Two approaches, which have been applied to genetic case–control studies, are appealing for ordered categorical data, because they take into account the natural order in the data, are score independent, and not contingent on asymptotic theory. These two approaches are applied to a prospective study for detecting association between maternal drinking and congenital malformations.
DHA-rich tuna oil effectively suppresses allergic symptoms in mice allergic to whey or peanut.

BACKGROUND Supplementation with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) has been found to reduce the development of allergic disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of fish oil diets rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) in suppressing food allergic symptoms. METHODS Mice were fed a control diet (10% soybean oil) or fish oil diet rich in EPA (4% soybean oil + 6% EPA oil containing 28.8% EPA and 13.7% DHA) or DHA (4% soybean oil + 6% DHA oil containing 7% EPA and 27.8% DHA), starting 14 d before and for 5 wk during oral sensitization with peanut extract (PE) or whey. Acute allergic skin responses, serum immunoglobulins (Igs), and mucosal mast cell protease-1 (mmcp-1) were assessed. Hyperimmune serum was transferred to naive recipient mice fed the different diets. RESULTS The DHA diet effectively reduced the acute allergic skin response compared with the control or EPA diet in PE-allergic mice (control, 159 ± 15, or EPA, 129 ± 8, vs. DHA, 78 ± 7 μm; P < 0.0001 or P < 0.05, respectively). In contrast, both the DHA and EPA diets reduced the allergic skin response in whey allergic mice (control, 169 ± 9, vs. DHA, 91 ± 13, or EPA, 106 ± 14 μm; P < 0.001 or P < 0.01, respectively); however, only the DHA diet reduced mmcp-1 and whey-specific IgE and IgG1. The DHA and EPA diets also reduced the acute skin response in passively immunized mice. CONCLUSIONS The DHA-rich fish oil diet reduced allergic sensitization to whey and allergic symptoms in both PE- and whey-allergic mice. These data suggest that DHA-rich fish oil is useful as an intervention to prevent or treat food allergy symptoms.
Density-functional energies and forces with Gaussian-broadened fractional occupations.

It is demonstrated that the Gaussian-broadening scheme for the explicit inclusion of fractional occupation numbers in density-functional calculations of crystals, as originally given by Fu and Ho [Phys. Rev. B 28, 5480 (1983)], contains an additional term to the total energy which makes the energy functional variational and exactly cancels a correction to the density-functional forces originating from changes in the occupation numbers.
An analysis of social capital and environmental management of higher education institutions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the importance of the theory of social capital for the challenges presented during environmental management initiatives in higher education institutions (HEIs). In particular, the paper utilises the fundamental components of social capital theory and assesses a hypothesis that higher stocks of social capital result in benefits for environmental management of HEIs.Design/methodology/approach – An introduction of the concept of social capital and its components is presented followed by a brief review on its main connections with environmental policy and management in general. An analysis of the influence of each component on several issues occurring during the environmental management of HEIs follows.Findings – Through the analysis, it is claimed that social capital is a useful concept for the environmental management of HEIs and may significantly facilitate such initiatives.Research limitations/implications – The paper emphasizes the effect of community soc.
MR techniques for guiding high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatments

To make full use of the ability of magnetic resonance (MR) to guide high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment, effort has been made to improve techniques for thermometry, motion tracking, and sound beam visualization. For monitoring rapid temperature elevation with proton resonance frequency (PRF) shift, data acquisition and processing can be accelerated with parallel imaging and/or sparse sampling in conjunction with appropriate signal processing methods. Thermometry should be robust against tissue motion, motion‐induced magnetic field variation, and susceptibility change. Thus, multibaseline, referenceless, or hybrid techniques have become important. In cases with adipose or bony tissues, for which PRF shift cannot be used, thermometry with relaxation times or signal intensity may be utilized. Motion tracking is crucial not only for thermometry but also for targeting the focus of an ultrasound in moving organs such as the liver, kidney, or heart. Various techniques for motion tracking, such as those based on an anatomical image atlas with optical‐flow displacement detection, a navigator echo to seize the diaphragm position, and/or rapid imaging to track vessel positions, have been proposed. Techniques for avoiding the ribcage and near‐field heating have also been examined. MR acoustic radiation force imaging (MR‐ARFI) is an alternative to thermometry that can identify the location and shape of the focal spot and sound beam path. This technique could be useful for treating heterogeneous tissue regions or performing transcranial therapy. All of these developments, which will be discussed further in this review, expand the applicability of HIFU treatments to a variety of clinical targets while maintaining safety and precision.
Statistical analysis

The contributions of different sources of error in sampling mixed and unmixed bacterial microcosms were evaluated by using analysis of variance. Culturable heterotrophic bacteria from a turbid freshwater impoundment were sampled from 9-liter tanks that were unagitated or mixed with magnetic stirrers or pumps and from dilution bottles that were unagitated or agitated with a mechanical shaker. Axenic cultures of Enterobacter aerogenes were also sampled from manually shaken test tubes. In both agitated and unagitated tanks and in unagitated dilution bottles, dilutions made from the same sampling pipette were significantly different, showing a clumping of bacteria on the scale of millimeters. Also, microcosms within a single experiment differed from one another by a large margin. Dilution mean squares and tank or bottle mean squares were homogeneous for all types of tanks and unagitated bottles, indicating that the gentle mixing provided by pumps and stir bars did not reduce either millimeter scale or intermicrocosm variability over what prevailed in unagitated microcosms. By contrast, the vigorously shaken bottles and test tubes showed no millimeter scale variability. Intermicrocosm variability was undetectable in test tubes and two orders of magnitude less in shaken bottles than in unshaken bottles. When these facts are coupled with the inherent statistical advantage of replicating large rather than small experimental units, it is concluded that sampling error in the enumeration of aquatic bacteria in microcosms will be reduced by using numerous, small, violently agitated microcosms with a minimum of subsampling per microcosm.
Working Paper Series No . 05-2017 Intensive and Extensive Margins of Mining and Development : Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa *

What are the economic consequences of mining in Sub-Saharan Africa? Using a panel of 3,635 districts from 42 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 1992 to 2012 we investigate the effects of mining on living standards measured by night-lights. Night-lights increase in mining districts when mineral production expands (intensive margin), but large effects approximately equivalent to 16% increase in GDP are mainly associated with new discoveries and new production (extensive margin). We identify the effect by carefully choosing feasible but not yet mined districts as a control group. In addition, we exploit giant and major mineral discoveries as exogenous news shocks. In spite of the within district large effects, there is little evidence of significant spillovers to other districts reinforcing the enclave nature of mines in Africa. Furthermore, the local effects disappear after mining activities come to an end which is consistent with the ’resource curse’ view. JEL classification: O11, O13, Q32
The Masai age‐group system as a guide to tribal chronology

SYNOPSIS The Masai provide a classic example of the Nilo‐hamitic linear age‐group system. Many age set names have been recorded, particularly by Hollis at the turn of the century: the earliest, those of Krapf, date back a further 50 years. The dating of such sets has, however, presented considerable difficulty. The situation is confused by the fact that the Kwavi, a branch of the Masai, practiced a parallel system, similar in ceremonial and political significance but with different group names; the differing origins of such names was not always appreciated and this led to the impression that the system, had greater depth that in fact existed. The present analysis reveals the extreme regularity of the cycle over the last hundred years, beyond which date it is unprofitable to delve; it also emphasizes the difference between the physiological generation and the generation‐set. With the Masai it is not essential, as it is with some other tribes, that a man's son should join the set next or next‐but‐one below .
RtcB Is the RNA Ligase Component of an Escherichia coli RNA Repair Operon*

RNA 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate ends play important roles in RNA metabolism as substrates for RNA ligases during tRNA restriction-repair and tRNA splicing. Diverse bacteria from multiple phyla encode a two-component RNA repair cassette, comprising Pnkp (polynucleotide kinase-phosphatase-ligase) and Hen1 (RNA 3′-terminal ribose 2′-O-methyltransferase), that heals and then seals broken tRNAs with 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate and 5′-OH ends. The Pnkp-Hen1 repair operon is absent in the majority of bacterial species, thereby raising the prospect that other RNA repair systems might be extant. A candidate component is RNA 3′-phosphate cyclase, a widely distributed enzyme that transforms RNA 3′-monophosphate termini into 2′,3′-cyclic phosphates but cannot seal the ends it produces. Escherichia coli RNA cyclase (RtcA) is encoded in a σ54-regulated operon with RtcB, a protein of unknown function. Taking a cue from Pnkp-Hen1, we purified E. coli RtcB and tested it for RNA ligase activity. We report that RtcB per se seals broken tRNA-like stem-loop structures with 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate and 5′-OH ends to form a splice junction with a 2′-OH, 3′,5′-phosphodiester. We speculate that: (i) RtcB might afford bacteria a means to recover from stress-induced RNA damage; and (ii) RtcB homologs might catalyze tRNA repair or splicing reactions in archaea and eukarya.
Performance measurement system design: testing a process approach in manufacturing companies

This paper describes the testing of a management process for the design and development of performance measurement systems in seven small and medium sized manufacturing companies. The paper outlines and develops the criteria used for evaluating the process and describes the methodology applied in seven action research cases, where academic researchers facilitated the senior management teams of the participating companies through the process to develop their performance measurement system. The research findings support the view that the process is robust and can be used by a variety of facilitators at different facilitation skill levels. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for further research into the implementation of performance measures developed by such a process.
Biomagnification of radiocesium in a marine piscivorous fish

Radiocesium is the only trace element apart from Hg that may be potentially biomagni- fied at the top of the marine planktonic food chain. We quantified the assimilation efficiency from ingested prey, uptake rate from the aqueous phase, and efflux rate of radiocesium in a marine pis- civorus fish (the mangrove snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus). Aqueous 137 Cs exhibited an approx- imately linear uptake pattern over a 4 d exposure period, and was immediately transported to the muscles. The calculated uptake rate constant (0.00145 l g -1 d -1 ) was independent of the ambient Cs concentration. Salinity variation appeared to have no influence on the 137 Cs influx within the range of 20 to 30 psu, but the influx rate increased when the salinity was further reduced to 15 psu. The assimilation efficiency in fish ingesting different prey (copepods, Artemia, clam tissues, and herbivo- rous fish), measured by a pulse-chase feeding technique, ranged between 78 and 95%. The efflux rate constant of 137 Cs in fishes following uptake from the dissolved and dietary phases ranged between 0.020 and 0.023 d -1 . The higher efflux rate in marine fishes compared to those in freshwater fishes may have been due to the ionic regulation in marine teleosts (e.g., high excretion rate to coun- teract the high ambient K + concentration). Using a simple kinetic model, we show that the dietary uptake of 137 Cs plays a dominant role when the concentration factors of 137 Cs in prey range between 50 and 100. At a lower value for the concentration factor (10), 137 Cs bioaccumulation in fish is domi- nated by uptake from the aqueous phase. The predicted trophic transfer factor (concentration in the predator to concentration in the prey) in the predatory fish ranges between 1 and 4.4 (with a median value of 2), and is consistent with the field measurements of trophic transfer factor of 137 Cs in the pis- civorous fishes in both marine and freshwater systems. Thus, the biomagnification of 137 Cs in marine predatory fishes is largely caused by the extremely high 137 Cs assimilation from ingested prey, despite the relatively high efflux rate of 137 Cs compared to those measured in freshwater fishes.
Cardiac Abnormalities in First-Degree Relatives of Unexplained Cardiac Arrest Victims: A Report From the Cardiac Arrest Survivors With Preserved Ejection Fraction Registry

Background—Unexplained cardiac arrest (UCA) may be explained by inherited arrhythmia syndromes. The Cardiac Arrest Survivors With Preserved Ejection Fraction Registry prospectively assessed first-degree relatives of UCA or sudden unexplained death victims to screen for cardiac abnormalities. Methods and Results—Around 398 first-degree family members (186 UCA, 212 sudden unexplained death victims’ relatives; mean age, 44±17 years) underwent extensive cardiac workup, including ECG, signal averaged ECG, exercise testing, cardiac imaging, Holter-monitoring, and selective provocative drug testing with epinephrine or procainamide. Genetic testing was performed when a mutation was identified in the UCA survivor or when the diagnostic workup revealed a phenotype suggestive of a specific inherited arrhythmia syndrome. The diagnostic strength was classified as definite, probable, or possible based on previously published definitions. Cardiac abnormalities were detected in 120 of 398 patients (30.2%) with 67 of 398 having a definite or probable diagnosis (17%), including Long-QT syndrome (13%), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (4%), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (4%), and Brugada syndrome (3%). The detection yield was similar for family members of UCA and sudden unexplained death victims (31% versus 27%; P=0.59). Genetic testing was performed more often in family members of UCA patients (29% versus 20%; P=0.03). Disease-causing mutations were identified in 20 of 398 relatives (5%). The most common pathogenic mutations were RyR2 (2%), SCN5A (1%), and KNCQ1 (0.8%). Conclusions—Cardiac screening revealed abnormalities in 30% of first-degree relatives of UCA or sudden unexplained death victims, with a clear working diagnosis in 17%. Long-QT, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia were the most common diagnoses. Systematic cascade screening and genetic testing in asymptomatic individuals will lead to preventive lifestyle and medical interventions with potential to prevent sudden cardiac death. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00292032.
Cavity-enhanced mid-infrared on-chip chemical sensing using high-Q chalcogenide glass resonators

We experimentally demonstrated for the first time on-chip cavity-enhanced mid-infrared spectroscopic sensing of chemical molecules, performed near 5.2 μm wavelength using Ge<sub>23</sub>Sb<sub>7</sub>S<sub>70</sub> resonators monolithically fabricated on CaF<sub>2</sub> substrates.
IPO underpricing in Italy

This article analyses the first-day return of 182 IPOs listed on the Italian Stock Exchange from 1985 to 2001. It finds a significantly mean positive underpricing (21.87%). Contrary to the evidence detected in the USA by Loughran and Ritter and Ljungqvist and Wilhelm, it highlights that on the main board of the Italian Exchange IPO underpricing decreased in the late 1990s. It claims that such a pattern can be accounted for by two determinants: (i) the evolution of pricing strategies, from fixed-price IPOs to bookbuilding, (ii) the segmentation of the Italian Exchange with the birth of a new board for high-growth and technology firms (Nuovo Mercato). It shows that IPOs are intentionally underpriced: both public and private information available at the IPO is only partially incorporated in pricing the shares. The results suggest that negative feedback learned during the preselling is more fully incorporated into the offer price than positive information. Finally, it shows that price revisions are partially predictable on the basis of public information at the time of the offering.
Novel High-Performance SynRM Design Method: An Easy Approach for A Complicated Rotor Topology

The complex rotor structure of the synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM ) is analyzed in this paper. Three macroscopic design parameters are introduced: insulation ratios in the d- and q -axes and the rotor slot pitch in the d-axis controller angle. These parameters are optimally linked to the microscopic and detailed SynRM rotor geometry (barriers, insulation layer and segments, magnetic layers inside the rotor) parameters (dimensions) by introducing and combining a general rotor arrangement with an analytical explanatory theory. This theory represents the anisotropic behavior of the SynRM rotor structure according to the literature. Based on these parameters, a novel, simple, fast, and systematic design procedure for a SynRM rotor with specific stator structure is developed and presented. A SynRM rotor can be competitively optimized with respect to an induction machine (IM) by a limited number of finite-element-method sensitivity analysis studies of the macroscopic design parameters. The machine torque can be maximized by finding the best insulation ratios, while the torque ripple can be minimized by determining the best rotor slot pitch in the d-axis. Both these optimizations can be defined independently of the stator structure. The method is validated by the design (using this procedure), prototype, and measurement of a specific SynRM machine with three barriers and a stator standard frame size of 160 [International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)]. A heat-run test was done for both the SynRM and its corresponding IM with the same stator and test bench.