Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combining Content-based and Collaborative Recommendation Diierent Approaches to Recommendation Content-based Recommendation

Introduction On-line readers are in need of tools to help them cope with the mass of content available on the WorldWide Web. In traditional media readers are provided assistance in making selections. This includes both implicit assistance in the form of editorial oversight and explicit assistance in the form of recommendations services, such as movie reviews and restaurant guides. The electronic medium ooers new opportunities to create recommendation services, ones that are fully personalized to individuals and that adapt over time to track their evolving interests. \Fab" is such a recommendation system for the Web, and has been operational in several versions since December 1994. The problem of recommending items from some xed database has been studied extensively, and two main paradigms have emerged. In content-based recommendation one tries to recommend items similar to those a given user has liked in the past, whereas in collaborative recommendation one identiies users whose tastes are similar to those of the given user and recommends items they have liked. Our approach in Fab has been to combine these two methods, and in the following sections we will explain how a hybrid system can incorporate the advantages of both methods whilst inheriting the disadvantages of neither. In addition to what one might call the \generic" advantages inherent in any hybrid system, the particular design of the Fab architecture brings two additional beneets. Firstly, two scaling problems common to all Web services are addressed|an increasing number of users and an increasing number of documents. Secondly, the system automatically identiies emergent communities of interest in the user population, enabling enhanced group awareness and communications. In the remainder of this paper we describe the two approaches of content-based and collaborative recommendation , explain how a hybrid system can be created and then describe Fab, an implementation of such a system. We give initial experimental results which show the validity of the assumptions upon which our hybrid approach is based, and we conclude with a brief summary and a description of our ongoing and future work. We have already stated that there are two dominant approaches to recommendation: content-based and collaborative. In this section we shall discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of each technology, and then brieey describe how a hybrid system provides a better solution.
A survey of Logical and Physical Design Issues

A single axis multi-speed planetary transmission of the epicyclic type is provided in which a single rotating housing encloses and carries three epicyclic gear sets. Hollow end portions of the rotating housing are carried on a stationary housing by bearings and quill shafts extend from the end portions and are connected to brakes carried on the stationary housing. Two fluid operated clutches are provided within the rotating housing to selectively interconnect certain of the components of the epicyclic gear sets and together with the two brakes provide controls to effect one reverse and five forward speeds. The output shaft is a quill shaft and the input shaft extends through the transmission, and through the output shaft, to provide a power takeoff shaft at the output end of the transmission.
Genetic Diversity and Exotoxin A Production of Group A Streptococci Causing Sepsis

The M protein and streptococcus pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE A) are important virulence factors in group A streptococci (GAS) infections. The emm types of GAS strains isolated from patients with sepsis were determined by sequencing the 5' N-terminus of the emm gene, encoding the M protein, and clonality analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The presence of speA and production of SPE A were also examined. There were no predominant GAS clones. The emm genotypes were variable, and the most common genotype was emm13 (17.9%). The production prevalence of SPE A was 21.4%. The low mortality rate (7.1%) of GAS sepsis might be attributable to the low incidence of virulent strains such as emm1 (10.7%) and emm3 (7.1%), as well as to low production rate of SPE A.
Patient focused Internet-based approaches to cardiovascular rehabilitation – a systematic review

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been shown to improve health behaviours and risk factors and the evidence suggests that home CR is as effective as hospital-based CR. Telemedicine offers the potential for more patients to engage in CR. We reviewed the evidence for patient focused Internet-based approaches to cardiovascular rehabilitation. Searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. In total, nine studies involving 830 patients with heart disease that compared Internet-based cardiac rehabilitation to usual care were identified. The quality of trials was assessed using the Jadad scale. Outcome data were pooled under four subheadings: compliance; physical activity outcomes; clinical outcomes; psychosocial outcomes. Compliance rates were high but dropped over time in all studies. Physical activity measures were generally improved, as were clinical outcomes. Changes in psychosocial measures were positive, with two studies noting no change. No interventions noted a negative effect on outcomes. Despite the relatively small number of trials and the limited outcome measures, the results appeared to be positive with regard to patient outcomes and patient feedback. However, none had progressed to a clinical service.
Proteome-wide analysis of amino acid variations that influence protein lysine acetylation.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are yielding ever higher volumes of genetic variation data. Given this large amount of data, it has become both a possibility and a priority to determine what the functional implication of genetic variations is. Considering the essential roles of acetylation in protein functions, it is highly likely that acetylation related genetic variations change protein functions. In this work, we performed a proteome-wide analysis of amino acid variations that could potentially influence protein lysine acetylation characteristics in human variant proteins. Here, we defined the AcetylAAVs as acetylation related amino acid variations that affect acetylation sites or their interacting acetyltransferases, and categorized three types of AcetylAAVs. Using the developed prediction system, named KAcePred, we detected that 50.87% of amino acid variations are potential AcetylAAVs and 12.32% of disease mutations could result in AcetylAAVs. More interestingly, from the statistical analysis, we found that the amino acid variations that directly create new potential lysine acetylation sites have more chance to cause diseases. It can be anticipated that the analysis of AcetylAAVs might be useful to screen important polymorphisms and help to identify the mechanism of genetic diseases. A user-friendly web interface for analysis of AcetylAAVs is now freely available at http://bioinfo.ncu. edu.cn/AcetylAAVs_Home. aspx .
The Imprinted Gene DIO3 Is a Candidate Gene for Litter Size in Pigs

Genomic imprinting is an important epigenetic phenomenon, which on the phenotypic level can be detected by the difference between the two heterozygote classes of a gene. Imprinted genes are important in both the development of the placenta and the embryo, and we hypothesized that imprinted genes might be involved in female fertility traits. We therefore performed an association study for imprinted genes related to female fertility traits in two commercial pig populations. For this purpose, 309 SNPs in fifteen evolutionary conserved imprinted regions were genotyped on 689 and 1050 pigs from the two pig populations. A single SNP association study was used to detect additive, dominant and imprinting effects related to four reproduction traits; total number of piglets born, the number of piglets born alive, the total weight of the piglets born and the total weight of the piglets born alive. Several SNPs showed significant () additive and dominant effects and one SNP showed a significant imprinting effect. The SNP with a significant imprinting effect is closely linked to DIO3, a gene involved in thyroid metabolism. The imprinting effect of this SNP explained approximately 1.6% of the phenotypic variance, which corresponded to approximately 15.5% of the additive genetic variance. In the other population, the imprinting effect of this QTL was not significant (), but had a similar effect as in the first population. The results of this study indicate a possible association between the imprinted gene DIO3 and female fertility traits in pigs.
Water ice at low to midlatitudes on Mars

[1] In this paper, we analyze water ice occurrences at the surface of Mars using near-infrared observations, and we study their distribution with a climate model. Latitudes between 45°S and 50°N are considered. Data from the Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Actitite and the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars are used to assess the presence of surface water ice as a function of location and season. A modeling approach combining the 1-D and 3-D versions of the General Circulation Model of the Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique de Jussieu is developed and successfully compared to observations. Ice deposits 2-200 μm thick are observed during the day on pole facing slopes in local fall, winter, and early spring. Ice extends down to 13° latitude in the Southern Hemisphere but is restricted to latitudes higher than 32° in the north. On a given slope, the pattern of ice observations at the surface is mainly controlled by the global variability of atmospheric water (precipitation and vapor), with local ground properties playing a lower role. Only seasonal surface ice is observed: no exposed patches of perennial ground ice have been detected. Surface seasonal ice is however sensitive to subsurface properties: the results presented in this study are consistent with the recent discovery of low-latitude subsurface ice obtained through the analysis of CO 2 frost.
Nonlinear disturbance observer based adaptive control for nonlinear teleoperation systems

In this paper, the stability and tracking control problem of a task space nonlinear bilateral teleoperation system is addressed interacting with a unknown environment. The controllers consist of adaptive controller and nonlinear disturbance observer to deal with uncertain dynamic model of manipulators, environmental and operators forces, respectively, in the presence of time delay. In order to estimate the uncertain parameters, the adaptation law is formulated. A lyapanov function is employed to prove stability of closed-loop system and tracking properties of position, velocity. Simulations are presented to validate the theoretical development of this paper.
Towards Unsupervised Learning of Temporal Relations between Events

Automatic extraction of temporal relations between event pairs is an important task for several natural language processing applications such as Question Answering, Information Extraction, and Summarization. Since most existing methods are supervised and require large corpora, which for many languages do not exist, we have concentrated our efforts to reduce the need for annotated data as much as possible. This paper presents two different algorithms towards this goal. The first algorithm is a weakly supervised machine learning approach for classification of temporal relations between events. In the first stage, the algorithm learns a general classifier from an annotated corpus. Then, inspired by the hypothesis of "one type of temporal relation per discourse", it extracts useful information from a cluster of topically related documents. We show that by combining the global information of such a cluster with local decisions of a general classifier, a bootstrapping cross-document classifier can be built to extract temporal relations between events. Our experiments show that without any additional annotated data, the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is higher than that of several previous successful systems. The second proposed method for temporal relation extraction is based on the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Within EM, we used different techniques such as a greedy best-first search and integer linear programming for temporal inconsistency removal. We think that the experimental results of our EM based algorithm, as a first step toward a fully unsupervised temporal relation extraction method, is encouraging.
Crowd density estimation based on optical flow and hierarchical clustering

Crowd density estimation has gained much attention from researchers recently due to availability of low cost cameras and communication bandwidth. In video surveillance applications, counting people and creating a temporal profile is of high interest. Surveillance systems face difficulties in detecting motion from the scene due to varying environmental conditions and occlusion. Instead of detecting and tracking individual person, density estimation is an approximate method to count people. The approximation is often more accurate than individual tracking in occluded scenarios. In this work, a new technique to estimate crowd density is proposed. A block-based dense optical flow with spatial and temporal filtering is used to obtain velocities in order to infer the locations of objects in crowded scenarios. Furthermore, a hierarchical clustering is employed to cluster the objects based on Euclidean distance metric. The Cophenetic correlation coefficient for the clusters highlighted the fact that our preprocessing and localizing of object movements form hierarchical clusters that are structured well with reasonable accuracy without temporal post-processing.
The Cervical Flexion-Relaxation Ratio: Reproducibility and Comparison Between Chronic Neck Pain Patients and Controls

Study Design. Reliability study. Objective. To determine the reproducibility of the cervical flexion-relaxation ratio (FRR) measured 4 weeks apart in a group of chronic neck pain patients and healthy control group and to compare the FRR between the 2 groups. Summary of Background Data. The cervical FRR measures the ability of the neck extensor muscles to relax during forward flexion, similar to the lumbar FRR. Its reliability and ability to discriminate neck pain patients from controls has not been investigated. Methods. Fourteen participants with chronic neck pain and a control group of 14 individuals with no neck pain were recruited via advertisement and word of mouth. The cervical FRR was determined at baseline and 4 weeks later using standardized electromyographic data collection and analysis procedures. Results. The mean FRR value for the combined left and right side data for the neck pain groups was 1.93 ± 0.8, and 1.73 ± 0.61 at 4-week follow-up. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.67–0.92). Three participants in the control group developed neck pain in the 4 weeks and their data were not included in the reliability calculation. For the control group, the combined (left and right side) mean FRR value was 4.09 ± 1.58 at baseline and 4.27 ± 1.71 on retest 4 weeks later. The ICC (intraclass r) was 0.89 (95% confidence interval = 0.76–0.95). The overall ICC for the combined groups was 0.92 (95% confidence interval = 0.86–0.95). An independent 2 group t test revealed a significant difference in the baseline FRR data between the control group and the neck pain group (P < 0.001). Conclusion. The cervical extensor muscles exhibit a consistent flexion-relaxation phenomenon in healthy control subjects and the measurement is highly reproducible when measured 4 weeks apart in both controls and chronic neck pain patients. The FRR in neck pain patients is significantly higher than in control subjects suggesting that this measure may be a useful marker of altered neuromuscular function.
Ring form factor: a design space for interaction

We present a design space for interaction with a ring, worn on the user's finger. Whilst prior work has studied the ring as a means of attachment for hand motion sensors, we investigate the interaction possibilities provided by the natural affordance of the ring form factor itself. Interactions include, for example, changing the placement of the ring on the fingers, moving the ring along or around a finger and spinning of the ring on a surface.
Neural Coding by Two Classes of Principal Cells in the Mouse Piriform Cortex

The piriform (or primary olfactory) cortex is a trilaminar structure that is the first cortical destination of olfactory information, receiving monosynaptic input from the olfactory bulb. Here, we show that the main input layer of the piriform cortex, layer II, is dominated by two classes of principal neurons, superficial pyramidal (SP) and semilunar (SL) cells, with strikingly different properties. Action potentials in SP cells are followed by a Ni2+-sensitive afterdepolarization that promotes burst firing, whereas SL cells fire nonbursting action potentials that are followed by a powerful afterhyperpolarization. Synaptic inputs from the olfactory bulb onto SP cells exhibit prominent paired-pulse facilitation, which is attributable to residual presynaptic Ca2+ and a low probability of neurotransmitter release. In contrast, the same inputs onto SL cells do not facilitate. These distinctive synaptic and firing properties cause SP and SL cells to respond differently to in vivo-like bursts of afferent stimulation: SP cells tend to fire bursts of output action potentials at a higher frequency than the input, whereas SL cells tend to fire at a lower frequency than the input. When connected together in the canonical circuit of the piriform cortex, SP and SL cells transform the pattern of synaptic inputs they receive from the olfactory bulb, dispersing the firing rate and latency of output action potentials to an extent that depends on the strength of the input. Thus, the presence of two types of principal cells in layer II of the piriform cortex may underlie coding strategies used for the representation of odors.
Assessment of Human Papillomavirus in Lung Tumor Tissue

Background Lung cancer kills more than 1 million people worldwide each year. Whereas several human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated cancers have been identified, the role of HPV in lung carcinogenesis remains controversial. Methods We selected 450 lung cancer patients from an Italian population–based case–control study, the Environment and Genetics in Lung Cancer Etiology. These patients were selected from those with an adequate number of unstained tissue sections and included all those who had never smoked and a random sample of the remaining patients. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to test specimens from these patients for HPV DNA, specifically for E6 gene sequences from HPV16 and E7 gene sequences from HPV18. We also tested a subset of 92 specimens from all never-smokers and a random selection of smokers for additional HPV types by a PCR-based test for at least 54 mucosal HPV genotypes. DNA was extracted from ethanol- or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue under strict PCR clean conditions. The prevalence of HPV in tumor tissue was investigated. Results Specimens from 399 of 450 patients had adequate DNA for analysis. Most patients were current (220 patients or 48.9%) smokers, and 92 patients (20.4%) were women. When HPV16 and HPV18 type–specific primers were used, two specimens were positive for HPV16 at low copy number but were negative on additional type-specific HPV16 testing. Neither these specimens nor the others examined for a broad range of HPV types were positive for any HPV type. Conclusions When DNA contamination was avoided and state-of-the-art highly sensitive HPV DNA detection assays were used, we found no evidence that HPV was associated with lung cancer in a representative Western population. Our results provide the strongest evidence to date to rule out a role for HPV in lung carcinogenesis in Western populations.
Deposition rate of particulate and dissolved aluminum derived from saharan dust in precipitation at Miami, Florida

Precipitation was collected for a I-year period in Miami, Florida. The deposition rate of Al in samples containing Saharan dust was 10.1 ~g/cm2; this flux is equivalent to a mineral deposition rate of 126 ~g/cm2 per year, a value comparable to the mineral accumulation rate in sediments of the tropical North Atlantic. Mineral deposition rates in rain were highly variable, with 22% of the total occurring in 1 day and 68% occurring in 4 days in two separate dust episodes. The volume-weighted average concentration of dissolved Al in dust-related rain events was 9.8 ~g/L; if normalized to the total volume of rain that fell that year, the average would have a minimum value of 3.0 ~g/L. The dissolved Al fraction (defined as all Al that passes through a 0.45-vm filter) ranged from 0.5 to 48%, with a volume-weighted mean of 5%; solubility tended to increase with decreasing rain pH and decreasing mineral concentration. If the 5 % solubili ty applies to all Saharan dust deposited in the tropical Atlantic, then the annual deposition rate of soluble Al in this region would be 2-8 x lOll g, a rate commensurate with that carried by the Amazon; on a global basis the annual input to the oceans of soluble Al in dust would be 20-40 x lOll g, a rate comparable to that carried by rivers. These atmospheric input rates of dissolved Al are sufficient to account for many of the distribution features of Al in the oceans.
Resilience Analysis of Packet-Switched Communication Networks

In the presence of local network outages, restoration and protection switching mechanisms redirect the traffic over alternative paths to mitigate the effect of failures. However, some failure combinations still lead to loss of ingress-egress connectivity within a network or to severe congestion due to rerouted traffic. Congestion may also be caused by unexpected traffic shifts due to changed user behavior or due to changes of interdomain routing. This paper presents a framework for the analysis of ingress-egress unavailability and link congestion due to: 1) failures; 2) changes of user behavior; and 3) changed interdomain routing. It proposes algorithms to find the most probable combinations of 1)-3) according to some models, and to evaluate the connectivity and the relative link load of the network under these conditions. We have implemented this concept in a software tool and its visualization of the results leads to a comprehensive view of the network's resilience. It helps to anticipate potential ingress-egress disconnection and congestion before failures and overload occur or before planned modifications (new infrastructure, new routing, new customers) take effect. Thus, it detects weak points in a network, predicts the effectiveness of potential upgrades, and thereby supports careful bandwidth overprovisioning.