Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACR–STR Practice Parameter for the Performance and Reporting of Lung Cancer Screening Thoracic Computed Tomography (CT): 2014 (Resolution 4)*

Author(s): Kazerooni, Ella A; Austin, John HM; Black, William C; Dyer, Debra S; Hazelton, Todd R; Leung, Ann N; McNitt-Gray, Michael F; Munden, Reginald F; Pipavath, Sudhakar; American College of Radiology; Society of Thoracic Radiology | Abstract: The American College of Radiology, with more than 30,000 members, is the principal organization of radiologists, radiation oncologists,and clinical medical physicists in the United States. The College is a nonprofit professional society whose primary purposes are to advance thescience of radiology, improve radiologic services to the patient, study the socioeconomic aspects of the practice of radiology, and encouragecontinuing education for radiologists, radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and persons practicing in allied professional fields.The American College of Radiology will periodically define new practice parameters and technical standards for radiologic practice to helpadvance the science of radiology and to improve the quality of service to patients throughout the United States. Existing practice parameters andtechnical standards will be reviewed for revision or renewal, as appropriate, on their fifth anniversary or sooner, if indicated.Each practice parameter and technical standard, representing a policy statement by the College, has undergone a thorough consensusprocess in which it has been subjected to extensive review and approval. The practice parameters and technical standards recognize that the safeand effective use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiology requires specific training, skills, and techniques, as described in each document.Reproduction or modification of the published practice parameter and technical standard by those entities not providing these services is notauthorized.
TrustEYE.M4: Protecting the sensor — Not the camera

Images captured in camera networks are potentially privacy sensitive and therefore need protection. A critical aspect is where protection is applied - after transmission at the data center or preferably already on the camera. In this work we take on-camera protection a step further and propose to make privacy protection and security inherent features of the image sensing unit. Already within the camera we realize strong separation between components that have access to raw image data and those that do not need raw data access. Our approach is based on the custom-designed TrustEYE.M4 prototype of a secure sensing unit. We demonstrate the feasibility of sensor-level privacy protection with a cartoon-like effect based on mean shift filtering.
Fish Geometry and Electric Organ Discharge Determine Functional Organization of the Electrosensory Epithelium

Active electroreception in Gymnotus omarorum is a sensory modality that perceives the changes that nearby objects cause in a self generated electric field. The field is emitted as repetitive stereotyped pulses that stimulate skin electroreceptors. Differently from mormyriformes electric fish, gymnotiformes have an electric organ distributed along a large portion of the body, which fires sequentially. As a consequence shape and amplitude of both, the electric field generated and the image of objects, change during the electric pulse. To study how G. omarorum constructs a perceptual representation, we developed a computational model that allows the determination of the self-generated field and the electric image. We verify and use the model as a tool to explore image formation in diverse experimental circumstances. We show how the electric images of objects change in shape as a function of time and position, relative to the fish's body. We propose a theoretical framework about the organization of the different perceptive tasks made by electroreception: 1) At the head region, where the electrosensory mosaic presents an electric fovea, the field polarizing nearby objects is coherent and collimated. This favors the high resolution sampling of images of small objects and perception of electric color. Besides, the high sensitivity of the fovea allows the detection and tracking of large faraway objects in rostral regions. 2) In the trunk and tail region a multiplicity of sources illuminate different regions of the object, allowing the characterization of the shape and position of a large object. In this region, electroreceptors are of a unique type and capacitive detection should be based in the pattern of the afferents response. 3) Far from the fish, active electroreception is not possible but the collimated field is suitable to be used for electrocommunication and detection of large objects at the sides and caudally.
Fine particles flotation - Recent trends

The flotation recovery of fines has been a challenging problem to the world mineral industry. Fine particles are slow to float and also interfere with the floatability of coarse/medium sized particles. There has been considerable thurst upon improving the recovery of fines by increasing the probability of collision between air bubbles and mineral particles: This has resulted in the development of new/modified flotation methods for enhanced recovery from fines. Several other flotation techniques have been attempted for improving the performance during flotation of fines. The paper briefly discusses the effects of particle size on flotation. The various fine particle flotation processes have been classified based upon their mechanisms. An attempt has been made to put together the various methods of fine particles flotation and critically analyse and discuss the developments in this area with a reference to author's own work on flotation of fines.
Particle Encapsulation in Crosslinked Hydrogel Networks: Particle Distribution Optimization

Particle encapsulation in hydrogel membranes was performed to examine which physical factors are involved in particle distribution within membranes. This investigation focused on the examination of the physicochemical interactions between particles and crosslinked hydrogel networks for the creation of homogenously dispersed particles in a membrane. For this purpose factors such as particle charge, concentration, and membrane charge were examined to ascertain their effect on particle dispersion within the matrix.Anionic hydrogels composed of methacrylic acid (MAA), cationic hydrogels composed of N,N-dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEM), and neutral hydrogels composed of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were utilized to encapsulate functionalized silica particles. Particle distribution was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Near Infrared Chemical Imaging (NIR-CI). A new method was developed to evaluate the distribution of particles throughout the membranes. NIR-CI results indicated that neutral membranes with low particle concentration showed better particle distribution.
Right-Hemisphere Memory Superiority: Studies of a Split-Brain Patient

Six experiments explored hemispheric memory differences in a patient who had undergone complete corpus callosum resection The right hemisphere was better able than the left to reject new events similar to originally presented materials of several types, including abstract visual forms, faces, and categorized lists of words Although the left hemisphere is capable of mental manipulation, imagination, semantic priming, and complex language production, these functions are apparently linked to memory confusions—confusions less apparent in the more literal right hemisphere Differences between the left and right hemispheres in memory for new schematically consistent or categorically related events may provide a source of information allowing people to distinguish between what they actually witnessed and what they only inferred
Endothelial Superoxide Production Is Altered in Sheep Programmed by Early Gestation Dexamethasone Exposure

Background: Animal models have demonstrated that maternal undernutrition or early gestation glucocorticoid exposure induces endothelial dysfunction in the offspring. Objectives: We sought to determine whether early gestation dexamethasone (DEX) exposure is further associated with increased vascular superoxide anion production. Methods: DEX (0.28 mg/kg/day i.v. for 48 h) was administered to pregnant ewes at 27–28 days’ gestation (term 145 days). Tissues were harvested from DEX-exposed and control lambs at 125 days’ gestation (n = 6 for each group) and 4 months following delivery (n = 9 and 12, respectively). Results: By lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, coronary and mesenteric arteries from DEX-exposed fetuses exhibited diminished basal superoxide production (both p < 0.01). Similarly, DEX-exposed carotid arteries from 4-month-old lambs had decreased superoxide production (p < 0.01) that localized to the endothelium by endothelial cell culture and dihydroethidium fluorescence. In contrast, DEX-exposed coronary arteries from the 4-month-old sheep had increased superoxide production (p < 0.05). Although early gestation DEX exposure did not alter lipid peroxidation, DEX exposure was associated with significantly increased renal and cerebral cortex aconitase activity (consistent with decreased protein oxidation). These changes occurred in the absence of alterations in renal cortex superoxide dismutase activity. Conclusions: We conclude that in a DEX-exposure model of fetal programming, endothelial superoxide production and protein oxidation are decreased in the mesenteric and carotid circulation. This contrasts with the postnatal coronary artery-specific increase in superoxide production.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: beyond rescue therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome?

Purpose of review This article summarizes the results of past and more recent series on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) and discusses its potential indications beyond the rescue of patients with lung failure refractory to conventional mechanical ventilation. Recent findings Successful VV-ECMO treatment in patients with extremely severe influenza A(H1N1)-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and positive results of the CESAR trial have led to an exponential use of the technology in recent years. Beyond its currently accepted indication as a salvage therapy in ARDS patients with refractory hypoxemia or unable to tolerate volume-limited strategies, VV-ECMO may improve the outcomes of less severe ARDS patients by facilitating lung-protective ventilation. Summary As initiation of VV-ECMO allows significant decrease in tidal volume, plateau and driving pressures, which has been associated with improved survival in ARDS patients, new trials should evaluate the impact of its early initiation in patients with severe but not refractory ARDS.
Social exclusion in middle childhood: Rejection events, slow-wave neural activity, and ostracism distress

This study examined neural activity with event-related potentials (ERPs) in middle childhood during a computer-simulated ball-toss game, Cyberball. After experiencing fair play initially, children were ultimately excluded by the other players. We focused specifically on “not my turn” events within fair play and rejection events within social exclusion. Dense-array ERPs revealed that rejection events are perceived rapidly. Condition differences (“not my turn” vs. rejection) were evident in a posterior ERP peaking at 420 ms consistent, with a larger P3 effect for rejection events indicating that in middle childhood rejection events are differentiated in <500 ms. Condition differences were evident for slow-wave activity (500–900 ms) in the medial frontal cortical region and the posterior occipital–parietal region, with rejection events more negative frontally and more positive posteriorly. Distress from the rejection experience was associated with a more negative frontal slow wave and a larger late positive slow wave, but only for rejection events. Source modeling with Geosouce software suggested that slow-wave neural activity in cortical regions previously identified in functional imaging studies of ostracism, including subgenual cortex, ventral anterior cingulate cortex, and insula, was greater for rejection events vs. “not my turn” events.
DESIGN OF MICROSTRUCTURES FOR THE EMERGENCE OF MACROSCOPIC FUNCTION BY HOMOGENIZATION METHOD AND GENETIC ALGORITHMS

In this paper, a design procedure of the microstructure of composite materials is proposed for the emergence of desired macroscopic function. The homogenization method is used for the expression of the correlativity between micro- and macroscopic properties, and genetic algorithms (GA) is used to solve the optimization problem. Using the micro-macro correlative database of material properties constructed by the homogenization method, the design problem is separated into micro- and macroscopic sub-problems. Thus, the proposed procedure is quite efficient and extendable to various design problems of new advanced materials such as functionally gradient materials. As an example, a plate of graded micro-porous materials, that is free of warp and/or twist under the environment with temperature gradient from the upper to lower surfaces, is shown.
Gene expression Maximum likelihood inference of imprinting and allele-specific expression from EST data

Motivation: In a diploid organism the proportion of transcripts that are produced from the two parental alleles can differ substantially due, for example to epigenetic modification that causes complete or partial silencingof oneparental allele or to cisactingpolymorphisms that affect transcriptional regulation. Counts of SNP alleles derived from EST sequences have been used to identify both novel candidates for genomic imprinting aswell as examples of geneswith allelic differences
Natural IgM Blockade Limits Infarct Expansion and Left Ventricular Dysfunction in a Swine Myocardial Infarct Model

Background—Acute coronary syndrome is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. However, treatment of acute coronary occlusion inevitably results in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Circulating natural IgM has been shown to play a significant role in mouse models of ischemia-reperfusion injury. A highly conserved self-antigen, nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II, has been identified as a target of pathogenic IgM. We hypothesized that a monoclonal antibody (m21G6) directed against nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II may inhibit IgM binding and reduce injury in a preclinical model of myocardial infarction. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous m21G6 treatment in limiting infarct expansion, troponin release, and left ventricular dysfunction in a swine myocardial infarction model. Methods and Results—Massachusetts General Hospital miniature swine underwent occlusion of the midleft anterior descending coronary artery for 60 minutes, followed by 1 hour, 5-day, or 21-day reperfusion. Specificity and localization of m21G6 to injured myocardium were confirmed using fluorescently labeled m21G6. Treatment with m21G6 before reperfusion resulted in a 49% reduction in infarct size (P<0.005) and a 61% reduction in troponin-T levels (P<0.05) in comparison with saline controls at 5-day reperfusion. Furthermore, m21G6-treated animals recovered 85.4% of their baseline left ventricular function as measured by 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in contrast to 67.1% in controls at 21-day reperfusion (P<0.05). Conclusions—Treatment with m21G6 significantly reduced infarct size and troponin-T release, and led to marked preservation of cardiac function in our study. Overall, these findings suggest that pathogenic IgM blockade represents a valid therapeutic strategy in mitigating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Dynamic 3D analysis of the Charpy V-notch test

A full three-dimensional analysis of the Charpy V-notch specimen subject to impact loading is carried out, in order to study deviations from predictions of the plane strain analyses that have been used to estimate the energy absorption and the competition between brittle and ductile failure mechanisms. An elastic-viscoplastic version of the simplest plasticity flow theory is used to describe the material behavior, and the 3D transient analysis is based on twenty-node brick elements, using a data parallel numerical implementation. It is found that the stress and strain fields show strong surface effects, but near the specimen center the stress and strain quantities governing the failure mechanisms are in rather good agreement with plane strain predictions.
Organization of the Extracellular Matrix: A Polarization Microscopic Approach

A Short Overview of Major Constituents. Physical Backgrounds of Polarization Microscopy. Topo-Optical Reactions Used in Polarization Microscopic Ultrastructure Research. Structure of Hyaline Cartilage Matrix. Organic Bone Matrix. Structure of the Corneal Stroma. Structure of Kidney Basement Membranes. Experimental Reconstruction of the Oriented Glycosaminoglycan Structure of the Extracellular Matrix. Factors Involved in Formation and Maintenance of Oriented Microstructure of Matrix Constituents. Polarization Microscopy of Amyloid. Correlation Between Polarization and Electron Microscopic Findings in Ultra-Structure Research of Proteoglycans. Methodological Appendix.
The True Value of HbA1c as a Predictor of Diabetic Complications: Simulations of HbA1c Variables

Aim The updated mean HbA1c has been used in risk estimates of diabetic complications, but it does not take into account the temporal relationship between HbA1c and diabetic complications. We studied whether the updated mean HbA1c underestimated the risk of diabetic complications. Method Continuous HbA1c curves for 10,000 hypothetical diabetes patients were simulated over an average of 7 years. Simulations were based on HbA1c values encountered in clinical practice. We assumed that each short time interval of the continuous HbA1c curves had a long-lasting effect on diabetic complications, as evidenced by earlier studies. We tested several different HbA1c variables including various profiles, e.g. different duration, of such a long-lasting effect. The predictive power of these variables was compared with that of the updated mean HbA1c. Results The predictive power of the constructed HbA1c variables differed considerably compared to that of the updated mean HbA1c. The risk increase per standard deviation could be almost 100% higher for a constructed predictor than the updated mean HbA1c. Conclusions The importance of good glycemic control in preventing diabetic complications could have been underestimated in earlier hallmark studies by not taking the time-dependent effect of HbA1c into account.
Twin Screw Extrusion: Technology and Principles

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Analysis of Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A Production in Human Adult Cardiac Progenitor Cells

IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and their proteases regulate IGFs bioavailability in multiple tissues. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is a protease acting by cleaving IGFBP2, 4, and 5, regulating local bioavailability of IGFs. We have previously shown that IGFs and IGFBPs are produced by human adult cardiac progenitor cells (haCPCs) and that IGF-1 exerts paracrine therapeutic effects in cardiac cell therapy with CPCs. Using immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassays, we firstly report that PAPP-A is produced and secreted in surprisingly high amounts by haCPCs. In particular, the homodimeric, enzymatically active, PAPP-A is secreted in relevant concentrations in haCPC-conditioned media, while the enzymatically inactive PAPPA/proMBP complex is not detectable in the same media. Furthermore, we show that both homodimeric PAPP-A and proMBP can be detected as cell associated, suggesting that the previously described complex formation at the cell surface does not occur easily, thus positively affecting IGF signalling. Therefore, our results strongly support the importance of PAPP-A for the IGFs/IGFBPs/PAPP-A axis in CPCs biology.
Online influence maximization in non-stationary Social Networks

Social networks have been popular platforms for information propagation. An important use case is viral marketing: given a promotion budget, an advertiser can choose some influential users as the seed set and provide them free or discounted sample products; in this way, the advertiser hopes to increase the popularity of the product in the users' friend circles by the world-of-mouth effect, and thus maximizes the number of users that information of the production can reach. There has been a body of literature studying the influence maximization problem. Nevertheless, the existing studies mostly investigate the problem on a one-off basis, assuming fixed known influence probabilities among users, or the knowledge of the exact social network topology. In practice, the social network topology and the influence probabilities are typically unknown to the advertiser, which can be varying over time, i.e., in cases of newly established, strengthened or weakened social ties. In this paper, we focus on a dynamic non-stationary social network and design a randomized algorithm, RSB, based on multi-armed bandit optimization, to maximize influence propagation over time. The algorithm produces a sequence of online decisions and calibrates its explore-exploit strategy utilizing outcomes of previous decisions. It is rigorously proven to achieve an upper-bounded regret in reward and applicable to large-scale social networks. Practical effectiveness of the algorithm is evaluated using real-world datasets, which demonstrates that our algorithm outperforms previous stationary methods under non-stationary conditions.
Diacylglycerol regulates protein transport from the Golgi to the cell surface in yeast and mammalian cells

Correspondence to Usha Acharya: usha.acharya@umassmed.edu Abbreviations used in this paper: DHS, dihydrosphingosine; DHS1P, DHS 1 phosphate; GMR, glass multimer reporter; GPCR, G protein–coupled receptor; IPP, inositol polyphosphate 1 phosphatase; Rh1, Rhodopsin 1; S1P, sphingosine 1 phosphate; TRP, transient receptor potential; UAS, upstream activating sequence; UFLC MS/MS, ultrafast liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Introduction