Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Selective and Oral Small Molecule Inhibitor of Vascular Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR)-2 and VEGFR-1 Inhibits Neovascularization and Vascular Permeability

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key driver of the neovascularization and vascular permeability that leads to the loss of visual acuity in diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Our aim was to identify an orally active, selective small molecule kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 with activity against both VEGF-induced angiogenesis and vascular permeability. We used a biochemical assay to identify 3-[5-methyl-2- (2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-proprionic acid (SU10944), a pyrrole indolinone, which is a potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of VEGFR-2 (Ki of 21 ± 5 nM). In cellular assays, SU10944 inhibited VEGF-induced receptor autophosphorylation (IC50 of 227 ± 80 nM) as well as downstream signaling (IC50 of 102 ± 27 nM). In biochemical assays, SU10944 exhibits potent inhibitory activity against VEGFR-1; weak activity against other related subgroup members, including stem cell factor receptor (SCFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ), and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR-1); and no detectable activity against other protein tyrosine kinases such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Src, and hepatocyte growth factor receptor. In cellular assays, the selectivity for SU10944 to inhibit VEGFR is maintained compared with other tyrosine kinases (IC50 for SCFR of 1.6 ± 0.3 μM, for PDGFRβ of 30.6 ± 13.3 μM, for FGFR-1 of >50 μM, and for EGFR of >50 μM). Upon oral administration, SU10944 gave a clear dose response in the corneal micropocket model with an ED50 value for inhibition of neovascularization of ∼30 mg/kg and a maximum inhibition of 95% at 300 mg/kg. Similarly, upon oral administration in the Miles assay, SU10944 potently inhibited VEGF-induced vascular permeability. Our data indicate that small molecule inhibitors of VEGFR signaling have the potential to ameliorate VEGF-induced neovascularization as well as vascular permeability.
Duality of projective limit spaces and inductive limit spaces over a nonspherically complete nonarchimedean field

A duality theorem of projective and inductive limit spaces over a nonspherically complete valued field is obtained under a certain condition, and topologies of spaces of locally analytic functions are ? studied. Introduction. Morita obtained in |5| a duality theorem of projec­ tive limit spaces and inductive limit spaces over a spherically complete nonarchimedean valued field, and Schikhof studied in [8J locally convex spaces over a nonsphorically complete nonarchimedean valued field. In this paper, we use the results of [8j and study the duality of such spaces over a nonspherically complete nonarchimedean valued field. The duality theorem of |5| was obtained as a generalization of the results of Komatsu |8| by Morita using: the theory of van Tiel [10] about locally convex spaces over a spherically complete nonarchimedean valued field. There the following two facts are used essentially: (i) The Mackey topology is the topology of uniform convergence on weakly e-compact sets; (ii) Any absolutely convex weakly c-compact set is strongly closed. Though we can generalize the notion of e-compactness to our ease, it is difficult to obtain good analogues of these two facts over a nonspherically complete valued field. Hence we restrict our attention to a more restricted class than in |5], and prove a duality theorem by making use of van dor Put’s duality theorem of sequence spaces c0 = {(au cl, aa, • • •')} and V" {(&„ L, b„ ■••) X m (m Yn (m n(xn), y j m = (xn, vn_m{ym))n holds for any xn e X a and ym e Ym. Let (X, um) be the locally convex projective limit of {Xm, and let (Y, vm) be the locally convex inductive limit of [Ym, vnim}. We assume further that (iv) the projection map uw: X —> Xm has a dense image for each m. By definition, any element x of the projective limit X can be written as x — (xm) with xm e Xm satisfying umi„(x„) — xm for any m and n with m K by (x, y) = (uM(x), ym)m with such a ym 6 Ym. It is easy to see that this pairing ( , ) is iT-bilinear. Since the projection map um: X —> Xm is con­ tinuous, our pairing ( , ) is bicontinuous on X x Y m for each m. Hence, by the universal mapping property of the inductive limit topology, ( , ) is bicontinuous on X x Y . Let x = (xm) be a nonzero element of X Then xm =£ 0 for some m. Since ( , )m is nondegenerate, (xm, ym)m ^ 0 for some ym 6 Yn. Hence (*, y) = (xm, y j m # 0 for some y = vm(ym) e vm( Y J c Y. Let y = vm( y j (■ym e F J be a nonzero element of Y. Then {xm e Xm; (xm, ym)m ^ 0} is a non-empty open subset of Xm. Since the image of the projection map um: X -* X m is dense, there is an element x = (xm) e X such that (x, y) = (xm, ym)m ¥= 0. Therefore our pairing ( , ) is nondegenerate. Hence we have proved the following: DUALITY OVER A COMPLETE NONARCHIMEDEAN FIELD 389 P r o p o s i t i o n 1. Let X = proj lim and Y = ind lim Y m be as before* Then we have a nondegenerate bicontinuous K'-bilinear fo rm ( , ) : X x Y —> K .
Effects of diet and genetics on Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine efficacy in inbred guinea pigs

Strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pigs were vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and placed on low-protein or protein-adequate diets. Five weeks later all animals were infected by the respiratory route with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv organisms. Four weeks postchallenge, guinea pigs were skin tested with purified protein derivative and sacrificed. Protein deficiency resulted in significant reductions in body weight and thymus weight and in an impairment in the ability to control the M. bovis BCG vaccine organisms and to mount delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Protein deficiency also adversely affected the efficacy of the BCG vaccine as demonstrated by the numbers of virulent organisms recovered in spleens and lungs. Strain differences were observed in the number of leukocytes, thymus weight, and the responsiveness of blood lymphocytes to purified protein derivative stimulation. In general, strain 13 guinea pigs responded more dramatically to dietary insult than did their strain 2 counterparts. Protein deprivation completely abolished BCG vaccine protection in the lungs and spleens of strain 13 animals and significantly reduced the protection afforded to strain 2 animals. In both strains, the BCG vaccine protected normally nourished guinea pigs. There was no significant difference between strains with respect to susceptibility to pulmonary infection with virulent mycobacteria. Thus, diet and genetic pedigree each had a significant influence on BCG vaccine efficacy.
The Effects of alpha2-Adrenergic Stimulation with Mivazerol on Myocardial Blood Flow and Function During Coronary Artery Stenosis in Anesthetized Dogs

The central sympatholytic effect of alpha2 agonists may be beneficial during myocardial ischemia, but could be opposed by their peripheral vasoconstrictive effect.We studied the effects of mivazerol during periods of moderate coronary artery stenosis in anesthetized dogs. Mivazerol decreased heart rate (from 125 +/- 6 to 106 +/- 6 bpm) and cardiac output (from 4.4 +/- 0.6 to 1.8 +/- 0.2 L/min) under normal conditions, while mean arterial pressure did not change. Mivazerol reduced blood flow in nonischemic myocardium and in the ischemic epicardial layer, but blood flow was preserved in the ischemic midmyocardial and subendocardial layer. Mivazerol had no effect on myocardial oxygen extraction during the stenoses, and regional myocardial oxygen consumption was unchanged. However, mivazerol decreased myocardial oxygen demand from 4.51 +/- 0.51 to 3.17 +/- 0.24 micro mol centered dot min-1 centered dot g-1, thereby reducing oxygen deficiency of ischemic myocardium to values significantly lower than in the placebo group (from 1.07 +/- 0.32 to 0.47 +/- 0.41 micro mol centered dot min-1 centered dot g-1). Mivazerol had no effect on myocardial lactate production during the stenoses. We conclude that mivazerol reduced myocardial oxygen demand while blood flow was preserved in the inner layers of ischemic myocardium. (Anesth Analg 1996;82:702-11)
CO2 and KTP-532 laser cordectomy for bilateral vocal fold paralysis

Abstract Laryngeal obstruction due to bilateral vocal fold paralysis has been treated in many different ways. The CO2 laser or KTP-532 laser endoscopic cordectomy described in this report is a slight modification of the posterior partial cordectomy proposed by Dennis and Kashima. This technique was used in 18 patients (14 with the CO2 and four with the KTP-532 laser). Prophylactic tracheostomy was performed preoperatively. Post-operative results were excellent in nine cases, good in seven cases and poor in two cases who had to remain with a permanent tracheostomy tube with a speaking valve. The main complications noted were the formation of a granuloma (seven cases) and arytenoid oedema (six cases). Revision surgery was performed in the seven cases with granuloma formation and in the two with persistent oedema. The results and the post-operative findings from the use of the two lasers were similar.
4-(4-Pyridylamino)pyridinium perchlorate

In the title salt, C10H10N3 +·ClO4 −, the 4-(4-pyridylamino)pyridinium cations are linked into chains via N—H⋯N hydrogen bonding and into layers by C—H⋯π interactions [C⋯Cg = 3.3875 (19) Å]. Perchlorate ions are anchored to the layer motifs by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding. The perchlorate anion was found to be disordered about a Cl—O axis, with two sites, each of equal occupancy, being resolved for the three remaining O atoms.
Thermal based exploration for search and rescue robots

Detection of thermal targets for search and rescue robots is very important to be able to save more lives. Because the living human body is at a certain temperature, each thermal target point implies possible victim. Robots produced for search and rescue are expected to be able to perceive and steer toward the thermal targets. The focus of this work, which is also a criterion of RoboCup competitions, is the development of an exploration method for the determination of thermal targets. An algorithm has been developed which relies on giving travel priority to the thermal information emitting targets in the environment. So that the victims can be detected more effectively. Additional methodsg, such as human detection from image processing, detecting carbon dioxide gas, motion detection, etc., can be used to identify the victim, in consideration of the fact that every thermal target in the environment may not be human bein This study only involves detecting thermal targets and directing the mobile robots to them. Successful results are ensured by making the method more stable thanks to tests in both the real environment and the simulation environment. Gazebo is used as the simulation environment, and a differential drive mobile robot with a thermal camera is used for real environment experiments. Since there is no thermal camera in Gazebo simulation environment, a system was designed to represent thermal targets. This system is based on obtaining representative thermal images by applying various filters to normal camera images.
Forest Restoration Evaluation Through Indicators in Areas of Bauxite Mining

The state of Pará ranks second in Brazilian mineral production, where bauxite accounts for 84% of total mineral extraction, with negative impacts on the environment as a result. The determination of objectives and targets using environmental indicators as a tool to evaluate forest restoration processes is essential in the recovery of these exploited areas. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of forest restoration techniques by means of 13 qualitative and quantitative indicators for monitoring post-bauxite mining operations. Permanent plots were implanted in revegetated areas with the use of two techniques: planting of seedlings and stewarding of natural regeneration. It is concluded that the techniques are efficient for the recovery of forested area. However, natural regeneration showed greater efficiency for restoration for Density, Erosion and Exotic Species indicators. Still, natural regeneration should not be the sole option in the processes of ecosystem restoration, since planting proved to be more efficient for some indicators.
PREVALENCE OF RETICULAR PSEUDODRUSEN IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION USING MULTIMODAL IMAGING

Purpose: To determine the rate of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) in age-related macular degeneration using multimodal imaging, including color fundus photography, the blue channel image of fundus photography, infrared reflectance, fundus autofluorescence, multicolor imaging, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography, as well as to compare the sensitivities and specificities of these modalities for detecting RPD. Methods: This prospective study included 243 eyes from 125 consecutive patients with age-related macular degeneration. They underwent fundus examination including color fundus photography, blue channel, infrared reflectance, fundus autofluorescence, multicolor imaging, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in both eyes. To be considered as having RPD, eyes had to have reticular patterns on spectral domain optical coherence tomography in a large studied cube of 30° × 25° or on infrared reflectance with at least one other examination. Results: The mean age of the 125 patients was 81.1 years (±8.1). Eighty-six patients (68.8%) were diagnosed with RPD. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography, infrared reflectance, and multicolor imaging had the highest sensitivity (99.3, 84.6, and 87.1%, respectively) and specificity (100%). The color fundus photography, blue channel, and fundus autofluorescence had lower sensitivity to detect RPD. Conclusion: Reticular pseudodrusen is frequently associated with soft drusen in patients with age-related macular degeneration. As RPD may be rarely located only in the perifoveal area, spectral domain optical coherence tomography with a larger cube (30 × 25°) than that usually used (20 × 20°) had the highest sensitivity and specificity to detect RPD and is recommended to optimize the rate of detection.
Preliminary Evaluation of a Novel Strong/Osteoinductive Calcium Phosphate Cement

We developed a novel calcium phosphate cement (CPC) by combining the silk fibroin and osteogenic supplements (β-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, and dexamethasone) with α-tricalcium phosphate cement. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured on the novel CPC scaffold. Results showed that the novel CPC scaffold was biocompatible and favorable for the adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of MSCs. Osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was confirmed by high osteocalcin content and elevated gene expressions of bone markers, such as alkaline phosphatase, collagen type I, and osteocalcin. Therefore, the novel CPC scaffold may be potentially useful for implant fixation and more rapid new bone formation in moderate load-bearing applications.
How Transport Costs Shape the Spatial Pattern of Economic Activity

By its very nature, transport is linked to trade. Trade being one of the oldest human activities, the transport of commodities is, therefore, a fundamental ingredient of any society. People get involved in trade because they want to consume goods that are not produced within reach. The Silk Road provides evidence that shipping high-valued goods over long distances has been undertaken because of this very precise reason. But why is it that not all goods are produced everywhere? The reason is that regions are specialized in the production of certain products. The first explanation for specialization that comes to mind is that nature supplies specific environments needed to produce particular goods. According to Diamond (1997), spatial differences in edible plants, with abundant nutrients, and wild animals, capable of being domesticated to help man in his agricultural and transport activities, explain why only a few regions have become independent centers of food production. Though relevant for explaining the emergence of civilization in a few areas, we must go further to understand why, in the wake of the Industrial Revolution, interregional and international trade has grown so rapidly.
Improving Students' Creativity in Video Making by Problem Based Learning Model

This research is motivated by the lack of students’ creativity on video making in Multimedia subject of Accounting Department. This is caused by the less precise learning model chosen by the teacher. Video making in Multimedia subject is very essential as students are encourage to be able to create media in teaching in order to make the students understand the materials easily. This research is meant to improve students’ creativity in video making in Multimedia subject by using problem based learning model. The research used Pre-Experimental Design with One Shot Case Study. This study used quote sampling as the sampling technique and obtained as many as 41 students from the 4 th semester of Accounting Education Department. The data were collected through questionnaires and student learning outcomes. The data were then analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM) and partial least squares (PLS) tool. The results showed that the problem-based learning model positively influenced the improvement of creativity in video making. Furthermore, the value of student learning achievment is more than 70.
Lactation and gestation in dairy cows: flexibility avoids nutritional extremes

The modern dairy cow has been selectively bred to produce large amounts of milk. Partly as a result, food consumption is considerably less than milk energy output in early lactation. It is only at 2 months or more postpartum that intake increases to the point where positive energy balance is regained, the initial production being achieved by a substantial mobilisation of body reserves. These reserves are laid down before parturition, but it is certainly not the case that the pregnant cow will accumulate adipose tissue recklessly; in the last third of pregnancy well-fed cows in good body condition exhibit reduced, not increased, appetite. There is a fine balancing act to perform. Excessive body condition at parturition quickly leads to metabolic problems such as ketosis, but cows who subsequently become too thin have increased risk of metabolic diseases such as mastitis and lameness. The biological mechanisms regulating output of milk are reasonably well understood, those controlling appetite less well so, and there has been little attempt at systematic integration of the two. The transition from pregnancy to lactation represents a major challenge to homeostasis, made more complicated in multiparous cows by the fact that much of gestation is concurrent with lactation. Herein lies the potential for nutritionally-entrained flexibility. In the wild, concurrent pregnancy and lactation only occur when nutritional conditions are favourable. If conditions are poor, rebreeding will be delayed and lactation will continue, at an energetically-sustainable level, for much longer than its ‘normal’ duration. In this way the twin energetic burdens of pregnancy and lactation are separated, and extremes are avoided. Given the increasing public concern about stresses suffered by intensively-managed dairy cows, this case may be one where commercial dairying could learn useful lessons from nature.
Investigation of threshold switching of Ge2Sb2Te5 under triangle current pulses

This paper describes experiments on threshold switching of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST). In all the experiments, triangle current pulses are applied to study the threshold switching. The results have been presented and analyzed. Ovonic Threshold Switching (OTS) is further proved exist in threshold switching of GST. The low resistance of GST shown in threshold switching can be explained by the unstable filament which is formed under high electric field.
Thyroid hormone ( T 3 ) rapidly activates p 38 and AMPK in skeletal muscle in vivo

Irrcher I, Walkinshaw DR, Sheehan TE, Hood DA. Thyroid hormone (T3) rapidly activates p38 and AMPK in skeletal muscle in vivo. J Appl Physiol 104: 178–185, 2008. First published October 25, 2007; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00643. 2007. —Thyroid hormone (T3) regulates the function of many tissues within the body. The effects of T3 have largely been attributed to the modulation of thyroid hormone receptor-dependent gene transcription. However, nongenomic actions of T3 via the initiation of signaling events are emerging in a number of cell types. This study investigated the ability of short-term T3 treatment to phosphorylate and, therefore, activate signaling proteins in rat tissues in vivo. The kinases investigated included p38, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. Following 2 h of T3 treatment, p38 and AMPK phosphorylation was increased in both the slow-twitch soleus and the fast-twitch plantaris muscles. In contrast, ERK1/2 was not activated in either muscle type. Neither p38 nor AMPK was affected in heart. However, AMPK activation was decreased by T3 in liver. ERK1/2 activation was decreased by T3 in heart, but increased in liver. Possible downstream consequences of T3-induced kinase phosphorylation were investigated by measuring cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and thyroid hormone receptor DNA binding, as well as peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptorcoactivator-1 mRNA levels. Protein DNA binding to the cAMP or thyroid hormone response elements was unaltered by T3. However, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorcoactivator-1 mRNA expression was increased following 12 h of T3 treatment in soleus. These data are the first to characterize the effects of T3 treatment on kinase phosphorylation in vivo. We show that T3 rapidly modifies kinase activity in a tissue-specific fashion. Moreover, the T3-induced phosphorylation of p38 and AMPK in both slowand fast-twitch skeletal muscles suggests that these events may be important in mediating hormone-induced increases in mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle.
PROPHAGE SUBSTITUTION AND CURING IN LYSOGENIC CELLS SUPERINFECTED WITH HETERO-IMMUNE PHAGE

If cells carrying a P2 prophage are superinfected with the hetero-immune phage P2 Hy' dis, most of the infected cells lyse. For the surviving cells the outcome of the superinfection is different from that of an infection of nonlysogenic cells: only a fraction of the progeny of cells surviving the superinfection Among the remaining progeny there are cells still carrying the old prophage and others which have lost it (being "cured"). This was first observed by D. Cohen (Virology, 7, 112, 1959) who used singly lysogenic strains of Shigella Sh and Escherichia coli strain B for her experiments. For the superinfection experiments
Design of A New CMOS Controllable Mixed-Signal Current Mode Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) Chip

Presented in this paper is design of a new FLC chip with mixed-signal input and digital output. For implementing this idea, a new programmable fuzzifier circuit based on generation of three current membership functions including Gaussian, trapezoidal and triangular shapes is proposed. We improved a current mode analog to digital (A/D) converter with 7bit resolutions to complete and implement defuzzifier block. The proposed controller was designed less than 0.1 mm2 in 0.35um CMOS standard technology. The inference speed of the controller is about 16.6 MFLIPS too.