Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The promise of an interneuron‐based cell therapy for epilepsy

Of the nearly 3 million Americans diagnosed with epilepsy, approximately 30% are unresponsive to current medications. Recent data has shown that early postnatal transplantation of interneuronal precursor cells increases GABAergic inhibition in the host brain and dramatically suppresses seizure activity in epileptic mice. In this review, we will highlight findings from seizure‐prone mice and humans that demonstrate the link between dysfunctional GABAergic inhibition and hyperexcitability. In particular, we will focus on rodent models of temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common and difficult to treat form of the disease, and interneuronopathies, an emerging classification. A wealth of literature showing a causal link between reduced GABA‐mediated inhibition and seizures has directed our efforts to recover the loss of inhibition via transplantation of interneuronal precursors. Numerous related studies have explored the anticonvulsant potential of cell grafts derived from a variety of brain regions, yet the mechanism underlying the effect of such heterogeneous cell transplants is unknown. In discussing our recent findings and placing them in context with what is known about epilepsy, and how related transplant approaches have progressed, we hope to initiate a frank discussion of the best path toward the translation of this approach to patients with intractable forms of epilepsy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 107–117, 2011
Question Classification with Support Vector Machines and Error Correcting Codes

In this paper we consider a machine learning technique for question classification. The goal is to replace our regular expression based classifier with a classifier that learns from a set of labeled questions. We have realized that an enourmous amount of time is required to create a rich collection of patterns and keywords for a good coverage of questions in an open-domain application. We decided to use support vector machines, since they have been successfully used for a number of benchmark problems. Although the support vector machines are inherently binary classifiers, it is possible to extend their use as multi-class classifiers using binary codes. We represent questions as frequency weighted vectors of salient terms. We compare our approcah to related work that uses relatively complex syntactic/semantic processing to create features and a sparse network of linear units to classify questions. We provide results to show performance of the method.
Model Checking Software with First Order Logic Specifications Using AIG Solvers

Static verification techniques leverage Boolean formula satisfiability solvers such as SAT and SMT solvers that operate on conjunctive normal form and first order logic formulae, respectively, to validate programs. They force bounds on variable ranges and execution time and translate the program and its specifications into a Boolean formula. They are limited to programs of relatively low complexity for the following reasons. (1) A small increase in the bounds can cause a large increase in the size of the translated formula. (2) Boolean satisfiability solvers are restricted to using optimizations that apply at the level of the formula. Finally, (3) the Boolean formulae often need to be regenerated with higher bounds to ensure the correctness of the translation. We present a method that uses And-Inverter-Graph (AIG) sequential circuits, and AIG synthesis and verification frameworks to validate programs. An AIG is a Boolean formula with memory elements, logically complete negated conjunction gates, and a hierarchical structure. Encoding the validation problem of a program as an AIG (1) typically provides a more succinct representation than a Boolean formulae encoding with no memory elements, (2) preserves the high-level structure of the program, and (3) enables the use of a number of powerful automated analysis techniques that have no counterparts for other Boolean formulae such as CNF. Our method takes an imperative program with a first order logic specification consisting of a precondition and a postcondition pair, and a bound on the program variable ranges, and produces an AIG with a designated output that is ${true}$ when the program violates the specification. Our method uses AIG synthesis reduction techniques to reduce the AIG, and then uses AIG verification techniques to check the satisfiability of the designated output. The results show that our method can validate designs that are not possible with other state of the art techniques, and with bounds that are an order of magnitude larger.
Attachment Theory and Research and Clinical Work

ABSTRACT In considering the contributions of attachment theory and research to individual psychotherapy with adults—the focus of this article—the starting point is the therapist’s role as a secure base from which the patient can safely engage in self-exploration. I discuss the barriers to the patient’s ability to subjectively experience the therapist as a secure base and the necessary therapeutic ingredients for these barriers to be attenuated. I also discuss the nature of therapeutic action from the perspective of a therapeutic approach informed by attachment theory and research. And finally, there is some discussion devoted to the contributions of attachment theory and research to an understanding of psychopathology.
Controlling gene expression in mycobacteria with anhydrotetracycline and Tet repressor

Gene expression systems that allow the regulation of bacterial genes during an infection are valuable molecular tools but are lacking for mycobacterial pathogens. We report the development of mycobacterial gene regulation systems that allow controlling gene expression in fast and slow-growing mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, using anhydrotetracycline (ATc) as inducer. The systems are based on the Escherichia coli Tn10-derived tet regulatory system and consist of a strong tet operator (tetO)-containing mycobacterial promoter, expression cassettes for the repressor TetR and the chemical inducer ATc. These systems allow gene regulation over two orders of magnitude in Mycobacterium smegmatis and M.tuberculosis. TetR-controlled gene expression was inducer concentration-dependent and maximal with ATc concentrations at least 10- and 20-fold below the minimal inhibitory concentration for M.smegmatis and M.tuberculosis, respectively. Using the essential mycobacterial gene ftsZ, we showed that these expression systems can be used to construct conditional knockouts and to analyze the function of essential mycobacterial genes. Finally, we demonstrated that these systems allow gene regulation in M.tuberculosis within the macrophage phagosome.
Adolescent insight within the working alliance: A bridge between diagnostic and psychotherapeutic processes

In the literature it has been stressed how important it is during consultation interviews to evaluate an adolescent’s insight with a view to starting psychotherapeutic work. Motivated adolescents bring to the therapeutic effort a real, interiorized request for help and can start moving towards a change. The aim of this study is to assess the insight of adolescents with mental disorders during the diagnostic process and to analyze how this relates to further therapeutic compliance and clinical evolution. The study included 55 adolescents, 35 males and 20 females aged between 11 and 19 years, who were advised to receive psychotherapeutic treatment after a diagnostic procedure. Patient insight was assessed at the beginning and end of the diagnostic process. Then, six months later, a clinical interview assessed their therapeutic compliance and clinical evolution. The findings suggest that insight is important when working with adolescents because it influences both therapeutic compliance and clinical outcome.
Comparative Study of Supervised ClassificationAlgorithms for WOSRAS

A Wireless Object Sorting Robot Arm System (WOSRAS) is the combination of Machine Vision System (MVS), Wireless Embedded System (WES) and Robot Arm System (RAS). MVS is the essential fragment of the object sorting robot arm system which constitutes of an image sensor and LabVIEW installed personal computer system to classify the object from an image. NI vision acquisition express of LabVIEW acquires an image from the image sensor to identify the object in the image. The present work gives the intensive study of classification algorithms and the distance metrics. Each classification algorithm with its distance metric is evaluated to generate a classifier file. The performance of the classification algorithmsare compared to choose the best for object classification of image. NN (Nearest Neighbor), k-NN and Minimum Mean Distance (MMD) algorithms were considered for comparison. All the methods are analysed and compared for best results and maximum accuracy to implement in WOSRAS.
Small‐world properties of nonlinear brain activity in schizophrenia

A disturbance in the interactions between distributed cortical regions may underlie the cognitive and perceptual dysfunction associated with schizophrenia. In this article, nonlinear measures of cortical interactions and graph‐theoretical metrics of network topography are combined to investigate this schizophrenia “disconnection hypothesis. ” This is achieved by analyzing the spatiotemporal structure of resting state scalp EEG data previously acquired from 40 young subjects with a recent first episode of schizophrenia and 40 healthy matched controls. In each subject, a method of mapping the topography of nonlinear interactions between cortical regions was applied to a widely distributed array of these data. The resulting nonlinear correlation matrices were converted to weighted graphs. The path length (a measure of large‐scale network integration), clustering coefficient (a measure of “cliquishness”), and hub structure of these graphs were used as metrics of the underlying brain network activity. The graphs of both groups exhibited high levels of local clustering combined with comparatively short path lengths—features consistent with a “small‐world” topology—as well as the presence of strong, central hubs. The graphs in the schizophrenia group displayed lower clustering and shorter path lengths in comparison to the healthy group. Whilst still “small‐world,” these effects are consistent with a subtle randomization in the underlying network architecture—likely associated with a greater number of links connecting disparate clusters. This randomization may underlie the cognitive disturbances characteristic of schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of theta-burst TMS on cognitive control networks measured with resting state fMRI

It has been proposed that two relatively independent cognitive control networks exist in the brain: the cingulo-opercular network (CO) and the fronto-parietal network (FP). Past work has shown that chronic brain lesions affect these networks independently. It remains unclear, however, how these two networks are affected by acute brain disruptions. To examine this, we conducted a within-subject theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TBS) experiment in healthy individuals that targeted left anterior insula/frontal operculum (L aI/fO, a region in the CO network), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L dlPFC, a region in the FP network), or left primary somatosensory cortex (L S1, an experimental control region). Functional connectivity (FC) was measured in resting state fMRI scans collected before and after continuous TBS on each day. We found that TBS was accompanied by generalized increases in network connectivity, especially FP network connectivity, after TBS to either region involved in cognitive control. Whole-brain analyses demonstrated that the L dlPFC and L aI/fO showed increased connectivity with regions in frontal, parietal, and cingulate cortex after TBS to either L dlPFC or L aI/fO, but not to L S1. These results suggest that acute disruption by TBS to cognitive control regions causes widespread changes in network connectivity not limited to the targeted networks.
Process Mining : Extending the α-algorithm to Mine Short Loops

The deployment of Workflow Management systems is a timeconsuming and error-prone task. A possible solution is process mining, which automatically extracts workflow models from event-data logs. However, the current research in process mining still has problems in mining some common constructs in workflow models. Among these constructs are short loops, which are loops of length one and two. For instance, the α-algorithm was proven to mine sound Structured Workflow nets without short loops. In this paper, we present a new algorithm (the α-algorithm) that can handle short loops, and we prove that it correctly mines all sound Structured Workflow nets. The α-algorithm is based on the α-algorithm and is implemented in the EMiT tool.
Towards Short-term Detection of Job Strain in Knowledge Workers with a Minimal-invasive Information System Service: Theoretical Foundation and Experimental Design

Early detection and tailored treatment of job strain is important because it negatively affects the health condition of employees, the performance of organizations, and the overall costs of the health care system likewise. Although there exist several self-report instruments for measuring job strain, one major limitation is the low frequency of measurements and, related to it, high-effort and high-costs associated with each wave of data collection. As a result and significant shortcoming, short-term episodes of high job strain with serious negative outcomes cannot be identified reliably. The current research aims therefore to design, implement and evaluate a Job Strain Information System Service (JSISS) that continuously senses the degree of physiological job strain in knowledge workers solely based on mouse interactions. The following questions guide this research endeavour: (1) Which properties of an employee’s motor activity measured by mouse interactions are significantly related to the degree of physiological job strain? (2) Is physiological job strain related to self-reported psychological job strain? This research adopts the Job Demands-Resource model and the stress theory of van
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall: Interplay of Coupled Dynamics, Radiation and Cloud Microphysics

The Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR), which has a strong connection to agricultural food production , has been less predictable by conventional models in recent times. Two distinct years 2002 and 2003 with lower and higher July rainfall, respectively, are selected to help understand the natural and anthropogenic influences on ISMR. We show that heating gradients along the meridional monsoon circulation are reduced due to aerosol radiative forcing and the Indian Ocean Dipole in 2002. An increase in the dust and biomass-burning component of the aerosols through the zonal monsoon circulation resulted in reduction of cloud droplet growth in July 2002. These conditions were opposite to those in July 2003 which led to an above average ISMR. In this study, we have utilized NCEP/NCAR reanalyses for meteorological data (e.g. sea-surface temperature, horizontal winds, and precipitable water), NOAA interpolated outgoing long-wave radiation, IITM constructed all-India rainfall amounts, aerosol parameters as observed from the TOMS and MODIS satellites, and ATSR fire count maps. Based on this analysis, we suggest that monsoon rainfall prediction models should include synoptic as well as interannual variability in both atmospheric dynamics and chemical composition .
A Healthcare Case Study (extended Abstract) 1. Motivation for Using Formal Methods

Within our healthcare case study we develop a safety-critical drug discovery system. When developing safety-critical systems, it is necessary to satisfy not only functional requirements defining the set of tasks to be performed by the system, but also safety requirements describing which characteristics the system should possess in order to ensure proper safety. Safety and reliability are acute issues for these systems under construction [Storey96, Troub00]. Reliability means the correct functioning of the system under a given set of operating conditions. It should guarantee an extremely high precision and a constant level of quality of experiments to be performed. Enhancement of safety and reliability can be achieved by applying formal methods. In the past few years regulatory requirements for drug discovery systems have tightened. Due to this there is a need to introduce formal methods in the development lifecycle to prepare for future regulations. Hence, we introduce a UMLbased development process that incorporates safety analysis and interfaces with a formal development in B-action systems. A more detailed description of the development process can be found elsewhere [PTWBEJ01].
Incorporating Database Systems into a Secure Software Development Methodology

We have proposed in the past three separate methodologies for secure software development. We have found that they have many common and complementary aspects and we proposed a combination of them that appears as a good approach to secure software development. The combined methodology applies security at all stages, considers the architectural levels of the system, applies security policies through the use of patterns, and formalizes some portions of the design. We have studied in some detail how to elicit and describe security requirements, how to reflect these requirements in the conceptual model, how to estimate some performance aspects, how to formalize some aspects such as communication protocols, and how to map the conceptual requirements into design artifacts. A design aspect which we have not studied is the incorporation of databases as part of the secure architecture. The database system is a fundamental aspect for security because it stores the persistent information, which constitutes most of the information assets of the institution. We present here some ideas on how to make sure that the database system has the same level of security than the rest of the secure application.
The CERTS microgrid and the future of the macrogrid - eScholarship

The blackouts of summer 2003 underscored the dependence of western economies on reliable supply of electricity with tight tolerances of quality. While demand for electricity continues to grow, expansion of the traditional electricity supply system is constrained and is unlikely to keep pace with the growing thirst western economies have for electricity. Furthermore, no compelling case has been made that perpetual improvement in the overall power quality and reliability (PQR) delivered is possible or desirable. An alternative path to providing for sensitive loads is to provide for generation close to them. This would alleviate the pressure for endless improvement in grid PQR and might allow the establishment of a sounder economically based level of universal grid service. Providing for loads by means of local power generation is becoming increasingly competitive with central station generation for a number of reasons, four key ones being non-technical constraints on expansion of the grid, improvements in small scale technologies, opportunities for CHP application, and the ubiquitous nature of sensitive loads in advanced economies. Along with these new technologies, concepts for operating them partially under local control in microgrids are emerging, the CERTS Microgrid being one example. It has been demonstrated in simulation, and a laboratory test of a three microturbine system is planned for early 2005, to be followed by a field demonstration. A systemic energy analysis of a southern California naval base building demonstrates a current economic on-site power opportunity.
Changes in adolescents’ and parents’ intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit and vegetables after 20 months: results from the HEIA study – a comprehensive, multi-component school-based randomized trial

Background Interventions conducted in school-aged children often involve parents, but few studies have reported effects on parents’ own behaviour as a result of these interventions. Objective To determine if a multi-component, cluster randomized controlled trial targeting 11–13 year olds influenced their consumption of fruit, vegetables, sugar-sweetened soft drinks and fruit drinks, and to explore whether the results varied by gender, adolescent weight status or parental educational level. A final aim was to assess whether the parents’ intakes were affected by the intervention. Design Participants were 1,418 adolescents, 849 mothers and 680 fathers. Baseline and post-intervention data from the 20 months intervention study HEIA (HEalth In Adolescents) were included. Data were collected assessing frequency (and amounts; beverages only). Results No significant differences were found at baseline between the intervention and control groups, except for the parental groups (educational level and intakes). At post-intervention, the adolescents in the intervention group consumed fruit more frequently (P<0.001) and had a lower intake of sugar-sweetened fruit drinks compared to the control group (P=0.02). The parental educational level moderated the effect on intake of sugar-sweetened fruit drinks in adolescents. The intake was less frequent in the intervention groups compared to the control groups (P=0.02) for those who had parents with low and medium educational level. Furthermore, the intervention may have affected mothers’ fruit intake and the vegetable intake in higher educated fathers. Conclusion Favourable effects in favour of the intervention group were found for intake of fruit and sugar-sweetened fruit drinks among the adolescents in the HEIA study. Our results indicate that it is possible to reduce adolescents’ intake of sugar-sweetened fruit drinks across parental education, and potentially affect sub-groups of parents.
The type 3 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor is concentrated at the tight junction level in polarized MDCK cells

The subcellular localization of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-induced Ca2+ signals is important for the activation of many physiological functions. In epithelial cells the spatial distribution of InsP3 receptor is restricted to specific areas, but little is known about the relationship between the receptor's distribution and cell polarity. To investigate this relationship, the best known polarized cell model, MDCK, was examined. This cell line is characterized by a strong expression of the type 3 InsP3 receptor and the subcellular localization of this receptor was followed during cell polarization using immunofluorescence and confocal analysis. In non-polarized cells, including ras transformed f3 MDCK cells, the type 3 InsP3 receptor was found to co-localize with markers of the endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. In contrast, in polarized cells, this receptor was mostly distributed at the apex of the lateral plasma membrane with the markers of tight junctions, ZO-1 and occludin. The localization of the type 3 InsP3 receptor in the vicinity of tight junctions was confirmed by immunogold electron microscopy. The culture of MDCK cells in calcium-deprived medium, led to disruption of cell polarity and receptor redistribution in the cytoplasm. Addition of calcium to these deprived cells induced the restoration of polarity and the relocalization of the receptor to the plasma membrane. MDCK cells were stably transfected with a plasmid coding the full-length mouse type 1 InsP3 receptor tagged with EGFP at the C-terminus. The EGFP-tagged type 1 receptor and the endogenous type 3 co-localized in the cytoplasm of non-polarized cells and at the tight junction level of polarized cells. Thus, the localization of InsP3 receptor in MDCK depends on polarity.