Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Open Problems in Indonesian Automatic Essay Scoring System

This paper presents open problems in Indonesian Scoring System. The previous study exposes the comparison of several similarity metrics on automated essay scoring in Indonesian. The metrics are Cosine Similarity, Euclidean Distance, and Jaccard. The data being used in the research are about 2,000 texts. This data are obtained from 50 students who answered 40 questions on politics, sports, lifestyle, and technology. The study also evaluates the stemming approach for the system performance. The difference between all methods between using stemming or not is around 4-9%. The results show Jaccard is the best metric both for the system with stemming or not. Jaccard method with stemming has the percentage error lowest than the others. The politic category has the highest average similarity score than lifestyle, sport, and technology. The percentage error of Jaccard with stemming is 52.31%, Cosine Similarity is 59.49%, and Euclidean Distance is 332.90%. In addition, Jaccard without stemming is also the best than the others. The percentage error without stemming of Jaccard is 56.05%, Cosine Similarity is 57.99%, and Euclidean Distance is 339.41%. However, this percentage error is high enough to be used for a functional essay grading system. The percentage errors are relatively high, more than 50%. Therefore this paper explores several ideas of open problems in this issue. The openly available dataset can be used to develop better approaches than the standard similarity metrics. The approaches expose are ranging from feature extraction, similarity metrics, learning algorithm, environment implementation, and performance evaluation.
Phosphorylation of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Transactivator Tax on Adjacent Serine Residues Is Critical for Tax Activation

ABSTRACT The Tax transactivator protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) plays a central role in the activation of viral gene expression. In addition, Tax is capable of activating the expression of specific cellular genes and is involved in the transformation of T-lymphocytes resulting in the development of adult T-cell leukemia. Tax is a phosphoprotein that colocalizes in nuclear bodies with RNA polymerase II, splicing complexes, and specific transcription factors including members of the ATF/CREB and NF-κB families. In this study, we identified adjacent serine residues at positions 300 and 301 in the carboxy terminus of Tax as the major sites for phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of at least one of these serine residues is required for Tax localization in nuclear bodies and for Tax-mediated activation of gene expression via both the ATF/CREB and NF-κB pathways. Introduction of amino acid substitutions which are phosphoserine mimetics at positions 300 and 301 restored the ability of a phosphorylation-defective Tax mutant to form nuclear bodies and to activate gene expression. These studies define sites for regulatory phosphorylation events in Tax which are critical for its ability to activate gene transcription.
Highly Scalable Sort-merge Join Algorithm for RDF Querying

In this paper, we introduce a highly scalable sort-merge join algorithm for RDF databases. The algorithm is designed especially for streaming systems; besides task and data parallelism, it also tries to exploit the pipeline parallelism in order to increase its scalability. Additionally, we focused on handling skewed data correctly and efficiently; the algorithm scales well regardless of the data distribution.
Analysis of Correlated MRC With Transmit Antenna Selection Under $\eta$–$\mu$ Fading

A wireless link considering correlated maximal ratio combining and transmit antenna selection under the general <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta$</tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula> fading is analyzed. Exact and asymptotic expressions for the cumulative distributing function (CDF) and probability density function (PDF) are derived. These new results are used to evaluate the outage capacity and the asymptotic average bit error rate for different binary modulations. The obtained theoretical results are validated through Monte Carlo simulations.
An Investigation of the Enterprise Resource Planning Acceptance Drivers by Path Analysis

The aim of this study is investigation enterprise resource planning ERP acceptance drivers by using path analysis. A sample of 309 employees among employees of Iranian car production companies were selected randomly. The data were collected by questionnaire and then analyzed using path analysis method. The findings showed that organizational support has a significant effect on readiness for change, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and intention to use the system. Moreover, organizational commitment and innovation orientation positively influenced readiness for change and, readiness for change positively influenced perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use is significant and positive. Finally, perceived ease of use has a positive impact on perceived usefulness and these two variables have a significant and positive impact on intention to use of ERP systems.
In Flight SEU/MCU Sensitivity of Commercial Nanometric SRAMs: Operational Estimations

A method and the corresponding platform devoted to operational SEE-rate prediction are presented and illustrated by experimental results. Predicted error-rates are in well agreement with results issued from the activation of an SRAM platform, in 90 nm technology node, on board stratospheric balloons flights. Direct ionization of protons is investigated for a 65 SRAM memory virtually boarded on the balloon flight.
Development of the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0

The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) operationalizes indicators of addictive-like eating, originally based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for substance-use disorders. The YFAS has multiple adaptations, including a briefer scale (mYFAS). Recently, the YFAS 2.0 was developed to reflect changes to diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5. The current study developed a briefer version of the YFAS 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) using the participant sample from the YFAS 2.0 validation paper (n = 536). Then, in an independent sample recruited from Mechanical Turk, 213 participants completed the mYFAS 2.0, YFAS 2.0, and measures of eating-related constructs in order to evaluate the psychometric properties of the mYFAS 2.0, relative to the YFAS 2.0. The mYFAS 2.0 and YFAS 2.0 performed similarly on indexes of reliability, convergent validity with related constructs (e.g. weight cycling), discriminant validity with distinct measures (e.g. dietary restraint) and incremental validity evidenced by associations with frequency of binge eating beyond a measure of disinhibited eating. The mYFAS 2.0 may be an appropriate choice for studies prioritizing specificity when assessing for addictive-like eating or when a briefer measurement of food addiction is needed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Combinations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in neuroendocrine effector and receptor genes predict chronic fatigue syndrome.

OBJECTIVE This paper asks whether the presence of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) can be more accurately predicted from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profiles than would occur by chance. METHODS Specifically, given SNP profiles for 43 CFS patients, together with 58 controls, we used an enumerative search to identify an ensemble of conjunctive rules that predict whether a patient has CFS. RESULTS The accuracy of the rules reached 76.3%, with the highest accuracy rules yielding 49 true negatives, 15 false negatives, 28 true positives and nine false positives (odds ratio [OR] 8.94, p < 0.0001). Analysis of the SNPs used most frequently in the overall ensemble of rules gave rise to a list of 'most important SNPs', which was not identical to the list of 'most differentiating SNPs' that one would calculate via studying each SNP independently. The top three genes containing the SNPs accounting for the highest accumulated importances were neuronal tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH2), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1). CONCLUSION The fact that only 28 out of several million possible SNPs predict whether a person has CFS with 76% accuracy indicates that CFS has a genetic component that may help to explain some aspects of the illness.
The equational definability of truth predicates

By a ‘logic’ we mean here a substitution-invariant consequence relation on formulas over an algebraic signature. Propositional logics are obvious examples, but even first order logic can be re-formulated in this way. The notion of an ‘algebraizable’ logic was made precise in the 1980s, mainly by Blok and Pigozzi, who provided intrinsic characterizations of the logics that are indeed algebraizable. One of their characterizations yields a practical strategy for showing that a logic is inherently non-algebraizable. The meaning of ‘algebraizable’ decomposes into two parts. In a slogan,
Share Merger Reform, Corporate Governance and Firm Value in China

In this paper, we examine the relationship between corporate governance and compensation scheme in the share merger reform in China and the share merger reform's effects on firm performance. Consistent with the agency theory, we find that the compensation ratio is negatively correlated with corporate governance, indicating that the well-governed firms have less severe problem of expropriation by their non-tradable (controlling) shareholders and that their tradable shareholders are willing to accept lower compensation ratios. We further examine the influence of institutional investors in the process of share merger reform and find that the compensation ratio is negatively correlated with the concentration of shareholding in the hands of institutional investors. This indicates the possible collusion between institutional investors and non-tradable shareholders in the negotiation of compensation scheme. This negative effect of collusion on compensation scheme cannot be mitigated by corporate governance. We find that there are significant improvement in both corporate governance and firm performance after the share merger reform. The share merger reform causes some structural change on the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance.
A survey on self-organized semantic storage

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show the potential of self‐organized semantic storage services. The semantic web has provided a vision of how to build the applications of the future. A software component dedicated to the storage and retrieval of semantic information is an important but generic part of these applications. Apart from mere functionality, these storage components also have to provide good performance regarding the non‐functional requirements scalability, adaptability and robustness. Distributing the task of storing and querying semantic information onto multiple computers is a way of achieving this performance. However, the distribution of a task onto a set of computers connected using a communication network is not trivial. One solution is self‐organized technologies, where no central entity coordinates the system's operation.Design/methodology/approach – Based on the available literature on large‐scale semantic storage systems, the paper analyzes the underlying distribution algori.
Economics and management of climate change : risks, mitigation and adaptation

Introduction: Climate change risks, mitigation and adaptation. - Introduction: Climate change risks, mitigation and adaptation. - Climate change risks and risk assessment Climate change risks and risk assessment. - Rising natural catastrophe losses - what is the role of climate change? - Evaluation of risk in cost-benefit analysis of climate change. - A global climate change risk assessment of droughts and floods. - Effects of low water levels on the river Rhine on the inland waterway transport sector. - Spillover impacts of climate policy on energyintensive industry. - Risks, vulnerability, and participation: a layered management approach. - Mitigation: emissions trading and CDM. - Intensity targets: implications for the economic uncertainties of emissions trading. - Three types of impact from the European Emission Trading Scheme: direct cost, indirect cost and uncertainty. - Participants' treatment of allowance price uncertainty: how are risk-aversion and real option values related to each other? - Climate change, sustainable development and risk: realizing a financial fund within the TEM model as an economic and business opportunity. - Current evaluation practice of the Clean Development Mechanism. - Sustainable development, the Clean Development Mechanism, and business accounting. - Risk management in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) - the potential of sustainability. - Economic and social risks associated with implementing CDM projects among SME - a case study of foundry industry in India. - Adaptation: corporate responses to climate change. - Developments in corporate responses to climate change within the past decade. - Impacts of climate change on the electricity sector and possible adaptation measures. - Modelling impacts of climate change policy uncertainty on power investment. - Reputational impact of businesses' compliance strategies under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme. - Prudence, profit and the perfect storm: climate change risk and fiduciary duty of directors. - Business risks and opportunities from climate change in large developing countries - a case study focusing on China.
Real-Time Route Planning for Unmanned Air Vehicle with an Evolutionary Algorithm

Based on evolutionary computation, a new 3D route planner for unmanned air vehicles is presented. In our evolutionary route planner, the individual candidates are evaluated with respect to the workspace. Therefore a computation of the configuration space is avoided. With Digital Terrain Elevation Data, our approach can find a near-optimal route that can increase the surviving probability efficiently. By using a problem-specific representation of candidate solutions and genetic operators, the routes are generated in real-time and are able to take into account different kinds of mission constraints such as minimum route leg length and flying altitude, maximum turning angle, and fixed approach vector to goal position, etc.
Tomato Fruit Chromoplasts Behave as Respiratory Bioenergetic Organelles during Ripening1[W][OPEN]

Tomato fruit chromoplasts exhibit a respiratory process linked to ATP synthesis that uses NAD(P)H as electron donors and represents 25% of total ripe fruit respiration. During tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening, chloroplasts differentiate into photosynthetically inactive chromoplasts. It was recently reported that tomato chromoplasts can synthesize ATP through a respiratory process called chromorespiration. Here we show that chromoplast oxygen consumption is stimulated by the electron donors NADH and NADPH and is sensitive to octyl gallate (Ogal), a plastidial terminal oxidase inhibitor. The ATP synthesis rate of isolated chromoplasts was dependent on the supply of NAD(P)H and was fully inhibited by Ogal. It was also inhibited by the proton uncoupler carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, suggesting the involvement of a chemiosmotic gradient. In addition, ATP synthesis was sensitive to 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone, a cytochrome b6f complex inhibitor. The possible participation of this complex in chromorespiration was supported by the detection of one of its components (cytochrome f) in chromoplasts using immunoblot and immunocytochemical techniques. The observed increased expression of cytochrome c6 during ripening suggests that it could act as electron acceptor of the cytochrome b6f complex in chromorespiration. The effects of Ogal on respiration and ATP levels were also studied in tissue samples. Oxygen uptake of mature green fruit and leaf tissues was not affected by Ogal, but was inhibited increasingly in fruit pericarp throughout ripening (up to 26% in red fruit). Similarly, Ogal caused a significant decrease in ATP content of red fruit pericarp. The number of energized mitochondria, as determined by confocal microscopy, strongly decreased in fruit tissue during ripening. Therefore, the contribution of chromoplasts to total fruit respiration appears to increase in late ripening stages.
Clinical trials of intranasal delivery for treating neurological disorders – a critical review

Introduction: The intranasal delivery of therapeutics to the brain has achieved great success in preclinical studies. These findings are important because there are many neurological disorders without feasible treatments, due to a lack of effective drug delivery methods to the brain. Translating such intranasal delivery strategies from bench to bedside is an important step for curing these neurological diseases. Areas covered: This review summarizes recent clinical trials that have investigated the intranasal delivery of drugs to the brain to treat neurological disorders and their potential mechanisms of action. In addition, the potential opportunities as well as challenges of intranasal delivery in clinical trials are discussed. Expert opinion: The intranasal delivery of drugs to the brain is a novel method with great potential, and it may provide an extraordinary approach to overcome the existing barriers of drug delivery for treating some neurological disorders. Intranasal delivery of central nervous system therapeutics has shown promise in several clinical trials, which demonstrates both the need and importance of further research.
On the Effectiveness of Housing Purchase Restriction Policy in China: A Difference in Difference Approach

The Chinese government imposed the purchase restriction policy to rein in the housing bubble in 2010. Using a two-stage difference-in-difference approach and a comprehensive dataset covering the real estate markets across 70 cities, we find that the policy triggered substantial decline in the property price and transaction volume. Cities having higher reliance on real estate sector for fiscal revenue and economic growth experienced greater decline in housing prices following the policy implementation. However, the policy had no measurable effects on the nationwide construction boom, hinting the ineffectiveness of the policy to correct the housing bubble.
An efficient moving object detection and distance measurement algorithm using correlation window

Moving object extraction and depth perception is one of the complex tasks that restrict the real time suitability of any video surveillance system. This paper presents a new method of extracting any moving object and its depth calculation. A modified background subtraction algorithm is used to detect the moving object. While a correlation window based method is used for solving the correspondence problem. The main proposal of this paper lies in searching a suitable window in the left image that has the least correlation with its neighboring windows which actually reduces the possibility of finding a false corresponding window in the right image. The difference between the positions of the similar windows gives rise of disparity which is later used to calculate the depth. This method shows better result than other existing methods.
Choosing the number of factors in independent factor analysis model

Independent Factor Analysis (IFA) has recently been proposed in the signal processing literature as a way to model a set of observed variables through linear combinations of hidden independent ones plus a noise term. Despite the peculiarity of its origin the method can be framed within the latent variable model domain and some parallels with the ordinary factor analysis can be drawn. If no prior information on the latent structure is available a relevant issue concerns the correct specification of the model. In this work some methods to detect the number of significant latent variables are investigated. Moreover, since the method defines a probability density function for the latent variables by mixtures of gaussians, the correct number of mixture components must also be determined. This issue will be treated according to two main approaches. The first one amounts to carry out a likelihood ratio test. The other one is based on a penalized form of the likelihood, that leads to the so called information criteria. Some simulations and empirical results on real data sets are finally presented.
Nonlinear Ultrasonic Waves for Structural Health Monitoring

Nonlinear ultrasonic waves in solids have shown good sensitivity to quasi-static stresses. The stress sensitivity of elastic waves is typically associated to finite strains (e.g. theory of acoustoelasticity). In the case of waveguides, classical nonlinear theories for guided waves are still based on the assumption of finite strains. In the case of constrained solids subjected to thermal excursions, however, there are theoretically no finite strains (for perfectly-constrained solids) associated with thermal stresses. A new model is therefore needed to justify the existence of wave nonlinearities in this case of stress without strain. This problem is solved on the basis of the interatomic potential of the solid that indicates a Oresiduali strain energy, due to the prevented thermal expansion, that is at least cubic as a function of strain. The cubic relationship between strain energy and strain produces second-harmonic generation of propagating elastic waves. Consequently, a nonlinear wave equation can be derived. The solution to this equation leads to a new nonlinear parameter for double harmonic generation that is directly related to the thermal stresses in the structure. The present study finds applications in the monitoring of thermal stresses in buckling-prone structures, such as continuously-welded railroad tracks and pipelines.
PENGARUH PEMILIHAN METODA DEPRESIASI DAN KUALITAS AKRUAL TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI

Depreciation method and accrual quality can affect investment decisions. Jackson 2008 and Jackson et al. 2009 showed that the selection of the depreciation method affects the investment decisions made by investors. Francis et al. (2005) proved that the innate accruals quality and discretionary accruals quality affect the capital cost. Innate accruals quality has a greater effect on the capital cost compared to the effects caused by the discretionary accruals quality. This shows that the quality of financial statements will cause investors to invest and increase share returns or capital cost.
Vagus nerve stimulation therapy summary: Five years after FDA approval

Article abstractWith more than 16,000 patients implanted with the vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy system (Cyberonics, Inc., Houston, Texas), VNS therapy has assumed an increasingly important role in the treatment of medically refractory seizures since its approval 5 years ago by the United States FDA. This review discusses the clinical trials that provided evidence for the approval, long-term efficacy, efficacy in special populations and co-morbid conditions, and safety and tolerability. Additional studies are suggested to further explore the capabilities of VNS therapy.