Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Five-axis magnetic suspension with two conical air gap bearingless PM synchronous half-motors

A novel type of “bearingless” permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor is presented. The motor consists of two conical air gap bearingless PM half-motors, mounted on a single shaft. Each conical stator houses two separate three-phase distributed AC windings with different magnetic pole pair counts. The motor winding has the same pole count as the PM rotor for the generation of the torque and the axial force. For time invariant radial levitation forces, the second winding (the levitation winding) must have one pole pair more or less than the rotor PM field. It must be fed with the same electrical frequency as the motor winding. With this drive arrangement all six degrees of freedom of the rigid rotor can be actively stabilized and controlled without using any further active magnetic bearings. A prototype with a rated mechanical output power of 1 kW at a rated speed of 18 000 rpm has been designed and built, in order to validate the theory.
Fully automatized high‐throughput enzyme library screening using a robotic platform

A fully automatized robotic platform has been established to facilitate high‐throughput screening for protein engineering purposes. This platform enables proper monitoring and control of growth conditions in the microtiter plate format to ensure precise enzyme production for the interrogation of enzyme mutant libraries, protein stability tests and multiple assay screenings. The performance of this system has been exemplified for four enzyme classes important for biocatalysis such as Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase, transaminase, dehalogenase and acylase in the high‐throughput screening of various mutant libraries. This allowed the identification of novel enzyme variants in a sophisticated and highly reliable manner. Furthermore, the detailed optimization protocols should enable other researchers to adapt and improve their methods. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1421–1432. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variational Methods in Combinatorial Optimization and Phylogeny Reconstruction

Algorithms based on the variational approach, as used in statistical physics, are developed. For constraint satisfaction problems a novel cost function, based on information-theoretic arguments, is introduced, and an algorithm similar to the mean-field annealing algorithm is proposed. It outperforms the conventional mean-field algorithm, and its performance is comparable to good problem-dedicated heuristics for KSAT and graph coloring. For nonlinear assignment problems, improvements to mean-field annealing algorithms based on Potts spins are suggested, and confirmed for TSP. Also a more proper variational approach to assignment problems is proposed and analysed. A novel variational approximation to maximum likelihood is introduced and applied to phylogeny reconstruction. In tests on artificial and real DNA-sequences, the performance is seen to be comparable to that of standard maximum likelihood for reasonably similar sequences.
Negative Example Selection for Protein Function Prediction: The NoGO Database

Negative examples – genes that are known not to carry out a given protein function – are rarely recorded in genome and proteome annotation databases, such as the Gene Ontology database. Negative examples are required, however, for several of the most powerful machine learning methods for integrative protein function prediction. Most protein function prediction efforts have relied on a variety of heuristics for the choice of negative examples. Determining the accuracy of methods for negative example prediction is itself a non-trivial task, given that the Open World Assumption as applied to gene annotations rules out many traditional validation metrics. We present a rigorous comparison of these heuristics, utilizing a temporal holdout, and a novel evaluation strategy for negative examples. We add to this comparison several algorithms adapted from Positive-Unlabeled learning scenarios in text-classification, which are the current state of the art methods for generating negative examples in low-density annotation contexts. Lastly, we present two novel algorithms of our own construction, one based on empirical conditional probability, and the other using topic modeling applied to genes and annotations. We demonstrate that our algorithms achieve significantly fewer incorrect negative example predictions than the current state of the art, using multiple benchmarks covering multiple organisms. Our methods may be applied to generate negative examples for any type of method that deals with protein function, and to this end we provide a database of negative examples in several well-studied organisms, for general use (The NoGO database, available at: bonneaulab.bio.nyu.edu/nogo.html).
APPLICATION OF WAVELET PACKET ANALYSIS IN DRILL WEAR MONITORING

In this work, an attempt has been made to develop a drill wear monitoring system which is independent to cutting conditions of the drilling process. A cost effective Hall-effect current sensor, which does not interfere with the process, has been used for acquiring motor current signature during drilling under different cutting conditions. An advanced signal processing technique, the wavelet packet transform has been used on the acquired current signature to extract features for indirect representation to the amount of drill wear. Experimental sensitivity analysis reveals that in comparison to time domain features, wavelet packet features are more sensitive to flank wear and less sensitive to the cutting conditions. A multilayer neural network model has then been developed to correlate the extracted wavelet packet features with drill flank wear. Experimental results show that the proposed drill wear monitoring system can successfully predict the flank wear with acceptable accuracy.
Local reconstruction of low‐rank matrices and subspaces

We study the problem of reconstructing a low‐rank matrix, where the input is an n × m matrix M over a field F and the goal is to reconstruct a (near‐optimal) matrix M′ that is low‐rank and close to M under some distance function Δ. Furthermore, the reconstruction must be local, i.e., provides access to any desired entry of M′ by reading only a few entries of the input M (ideally, independent of the matrix dimensions n and m). Our formulation of this problem is inspired by the local reconstruction framework of Saks and Seshadhri (SICOMP, 2010).
Preparation of Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals of Zirconia by Electrodeposition in a Colloidal Crystals Template

Three-dimensional photonic crystals of zirconia were prepared by electrodeposition in a colloidal crystals template following calcination at 500 °C. Scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and reflectance spectroscopy were employed to characterize the photonic crystals of zirconia. It was found that hydrated zirconium ions could penetrate the colloidal crystals template and reach the substrate easily by electrodeposition, which resulted in stronger bonding between the substrate and the as-deposited membrane. Moreover, the electrodeposited membrane had low water content, leading to a low amount of shrinkage during calcination. Both these properties could suppress detachment from the substrate upon removal of the colloidal crystals template. Therefore, the three-dimensional photonic crystals of zirconia synthesized in this study exhibited very good preservation of the ordered structures of the colloidal crystals template with a high density. A peak of reflection higher than 70% was formed in the reflectance spectrum because of the strong diffraction of the ordered structures.
The spatial legacy of introduction: Celastrus orbiculatus in the southern Appalachians, USA

Summary 1. A variety of abiotic, biotic, human and historic variables related to environmental suitability and propagule pressure determine the distribution of invasive plants in a landscape. Understanding the role of these variables for invasive species is challenging because environmental variables are often correlated, many invaders have broad ecological niches, and invasive distributions are often highly dynamic. 2. We examined the role of environmental variables at multiple spatial scales on the distribution of an invasive vine Celastrus orbiculatus (Celastraceae) in the southern Appalachians, USA. Using existing and newly collected occurrence data, we constructed spatial generalized linear mixed models of C. orbiculatus occurrence in the whole region as well as the areas nearest (established zone) and farthest (pioneer zone) from the purported introduction locus. 3. For the entire study region, distance from the introduction locus and terrain slope were negatively related to the probability of occurrence of C. orbiculatus. The model was highly discriminatory, with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0AE91. 4. Distance from introduction locus and slope were also important in the models for the pioneer and established zones respectively. 5. The pioneer zone model also indicated a negative relationship with elevation and the established zone model indicated a positive relationship with local topographic position, but these models were less discriminatory. 6. Synthesis and applications. Distance from introduction locus was the most powerful variable examined, suggesting an enduring legacy of introduction for the current distribution of C. orbiculatus. The varying results in the three zones highlight the importance of accounting for both introduction history and uneven propagule pressure in studies of observed invasive species distributions. The observed relationships with distance and elevation suggest that land managers should prepare for C. orbiculatus to expand its distribution in the region over time and with a warming climate.
TSP: Thermal Safe Power - Efficient power budgeting for many-core systems in dark silicon

Chip manufacturers provide the Thermal Design Power (TDP) for a specific chip. The cooling solution is designed to dissipate this power level. But because TDP is not necessarily the maximum power that can be applied, chips are operated with Dynamic Thermal Management (DTM) techniques. To avoid excessive triggers of DTM, usually, system designers also use TDP as power constraint. However, using a single and constant value as power constraint, e.g., TDP, can result in big performance losses in many-core systems. Having better power budgeting techniques is a major step towards dealing with the dark silicon problem. This paper presents a new power budget concept, called Thermal Safe Power (TSP), which is an abstraction that provides safe power constraint values as a function of the number of simultaneously operating cores. Executing cores at any power consumption below TSP ensures that DTM is not triggered. TSP can be computed offline for the worst cases, or online for a particular mapping of cores. Our simulations show that using TSP as power constraint results in 50.5% and 14.2% higher average performance, compared to using constant power budgets (both per-chip and per-core) and a boosting technique, respectively. Moreover, TSP results in dark silicon estimations which are more optimistic than estimations using constant power budgets.
Friction and wear studies on nylon‐6/SiO2 nanocomposites

Composites of nanometer-sized silica (SiO2) filler incorporated in nylon-6 polymer were prepared by compression molding. Their friction and wear properties were investigated on a pin on disk tribometer by running a flat pin of steel against a composite disc. The morphologies of the composites as well as of the wear track were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of 2 wt % SiO2 resulted in a friction reduction (µ) from 0.5 to 0.18 when compared with neat nylon-6. This low silica loading led to a reduction in wear rate by a factor of 140, whereas the influence of higher silica loadings was less pronounced. The smooth morphology obtained after the wear test indicated the negligible contribution to friction of the pin to the nanocomposite.
A Study of Factors Affecting Surface Quality in Ultra-Precision Raster Milling

Ultra-precision raster milling is an emerging manufacturing technology for the fabrication of high precision and high quality components with a surface roughness of less than 10 nm and a form error of less than 0.2 μm without the need for any subsequent post polishing. Surface quality of a raster milled surface is affected by process factors and material factors, respectively. The process factors involve cutting conditions, cutting strategies, and relative vibration between the tool and the workpiece which are related to the cutting geometry and the dynamic characteristics of the cutting process. The material factors considered are material property and swelling of the work materials. Due to different cutting mechanics, the process factors affecting the surface quality are more complicated, as compared with ultra-precision diamond turning, such as swing distance and step distance. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the distinctive process factors affecting the surface roughness in ultra-precision multi-axis raster milling. Experimental results indicate that the influence due to the process factors can be minimized through a proper selection of operational settings and better control of dynamic characteristics of the machine.
Molecular dynamics simulation for mechanical properties of magnesium matrix composites reinforced with nickel-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes

As the interfacial structure and bonding strength play an important role in determining the mechanical performance of carbon nanotube reinforced metal matrix composite, investigating the interfacial mechanical properties of surface modified carbon nanotube reinforced metal matrix composite becomes one of the key factors for the improvement. The mechanical behaviors of nickel-coated single-walled carbon nanotube reinforced magnesium matrix composites were investigated using molecular dynamics simulation method. The results show that the Young's modulus of the nickel-coated single-walled carbon nanotube/Mg composite is obviously larger than that of the uncoated single-walled carbon nanotube/Mg composite. The results also show that the interfacial bonding of single-walled carbon nanotube/Mg composite can be drastically increased by addition of nickel coating to improve the wettability of the nanotube surface and Mg matrix. Furthermore, the influences of nickel coating number on the interfacial bonding characteristics of single-walled carbon nanotube/Mg composites also were studied. For three types of nickel coating number, i.e. without nickel coating, with one layer of nickel and two layers of nickel, the final pullout interfacial bonding strength of the nickel-coated single-walled carbon nanotube from Mg matrix about are 3.9 and 11.9 times larger, respectively, than that of the uncoated single-walled carbon nanotube. The simulation results have proved that such interfaces can effectively transfer load between the nanotube and magnesium matrix in the carbon nanotube/Mg composite, and this will provide the theoretical and experimental basis for the interface mechanics design of the carbon nanotube reinforced composites.
Backstepping development as controller in fast response three phase induction motor based on indirect field oriented control

Induction motor is an electric motor which has many advantages. One of them is robust and relatively cheap. But has some disadvantages in the regulation of speed, because of that, the system need smart control to operated the induction motor. in this case used Backstepping control as intelligent control to maximize the performance of induction motor. In this method Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) will be used to control flux and torque current. Test results showed that a fast response to changes in speed induction motor. System testing is done with variations of the reference point setting speed control system, the simulation results of the research showed that the IFOC method is not perfect in terms of induction motor speed regulation if it's not use speed control. Backstepping control is needed which can improve the response of output, so that the induction motor has a good performance, small oscillations when start working up to speed reference.
Deregulation of PAX2 expression in renal cell tumours: mechanisms and potential use in differential diagnosis

Expression of PAX2 (Paired‐box 2) is suppressed through promoter methylation at the later stages of embryonic development, but eventually reactivated during carcinogenesis. Pax‐2 is commonly expressed in the most prevalent renal cell tumour (RCT) subtypes—clear cell RCC (ccRCC), papillary RCC (pRCC) and oncocytoma—but not in chromophobe RCC (chrRCC), which frequently displays chromosome 10 loss (to which PAX2 is mapped). Herein, we assessed the epigenetic and/or genetic alterations affecting PAX2 expression in RCTs and evaluated its potential as biomarker. We tested 120 RCTs (30 of each main subtype) and four normal kidney tissues. Pax‐2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and PAX2 mRNA expression levels were determined by quantitative RT‐PCR. PAX2 promoter methylation status was assessed by methylation‐specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing. Chromosome 10 and PAX2 copy number alterations were determined by FISH. Pax‐2 immunoexpression was significantly lower in chrRCC compared to other RCT subtypes. Using a 10% immunoexpression cut‐off, Pax‐2 immunoreactivity discriminated chrRCC from oncocytoma with 67% sensitivity and 90% specificity. PAX2 mRNA expression was significantly lower in chrRCC, compared to ccRCC, pRCC and oncocytoma, and transcript levels correlated with immunoexpression. Whereas no promoter methylation was found in RCTs or normal kidney, 69% of chrRCC displayed chromosome 10 monosomy, correlating with Pax‐2 immunoexpression. We concluded that Pax‐2 expression might be used as an ancillary tool to discriminate chrRCC from oncocytomas with overlapping morphological features. The biological rationale lies on the causal relation between Pax‐2 expression and chromosome 10 monosomy, but not PAX2 promoter methylation, in chrRCC.
A seizure-detection IC employing machine learning to overcome data-conversion and analog-processing non-idealities

This paper presents a seizure-detection system wherein the accuracy required of the analog frontend is substantially relaxed. Typically, readout of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals would dominate the energy of such a system, due to the precision (noise, linearity) requirements. The presented system performs data conversion and analog multiplication for EEG feature extraction via simple circuits to demonstrate that feature errors can be overcome by appropriate retraining of a classification model, using a machine-learning algorithm. This precludes the need to design a high-precision frontend. The prototype, in 32nm CMOS, results in features whose RMS error normalized to their ideal values is 1.16 (i.e. errors are larger than ideal values). An ideal implementation of the seizure detector exhibits sensitivity, latency, false alarms of 5/5, 2.0 sec. , 8, respectively. The feature errors degrade this to 5/5, 3.6 sec. , 443, causing high false alarms; but retraining of the classification model restores this to 5/5, 3.4 sec. , 4.
Ultrasonic monitoring of asymmetric carbon fibre reinforced aluminum laminates

Asymmetric carbon fibre reinforced aluminum alloy laminates was manufactured for the purpose with repeat tensile test, which will be applied in composite pressure vessel. Ultrasonic C scan and A scan approach are used to evaluate the damage of the asymmetric CFRP-Al (carbon fibre reinforced aluminum alloy) laminates. Nondestructive detection is carried out for the CFRP-Al laminates before and after tensile test. Comparison results and pulse echo analysis show that when subjected to repeat tensile test with 70% elastic limit strain load of the CFRP laminates, the interface debonding between CFRP and Al will not occur but the delamination within CFRP laminates becomes the main damage of the asymmetric CFRP-Al laminates. This investigation indicated that combined ultrasonic C scan and A scan is available for damage evaluation of fibre metal laminates.
Potent Phosphodiesterase Inhibition and Nitric Oxide Release Stimulation of Anti-Impotence Thai Medicinal Plants from “MANOSROI III” Database

Seven plants in the top rank were selected from the “MANOSROI III” database using the two Thai keywords which meant impotence and sexual tonic. Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. extract [EDP1-001(1)] gave the highest PDE inhibition activity of 4.36-fold sildenafil, a standard anti-impotence drug. Plumbago indica Linn. extract [EDP2-001(1)] exhibited the highest NO release stimulation activity of 666.85% which was 1.50-fold acetylcholine, a standard drug. Most selected plant extracts were nontoxic to EA.hy926 cells at 1.0 mg/mL. EDP1-001(1) exhibited the LD50 value of acute oral toxicity in male ICR mice of over 5,000 mg/kg body weight. EDP1-001(1) also indicated the improvement of sexual behaviors in the paroxetine-induced sexual dysfunction male mice with the evaluation of number of courtships (NC), mount frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), and ejaculatory frequency (EF) at 87.67 ± 6.17, 121.00 ± 23.50, 36.00 ± 3.21, and 13.67 ± 2.96 which were 2.63-, 1.27-, 0.53-, and 0.62-fold sildenafil-treated mice at day 14 of the treatments, respectively. The present study has not only confirmed the traditional use of Thai plants for the treatment of ED but also indicated the potential and application of the “MANOSROI III” database for Thai plant selection to be developed as ED food supplements.
Essential oil of Cinnamon exerts anti-cancer activity against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via attenuating epidermal growth factor receptor - tyrosine kinase.

PURPOSE Impressed by the exceptional anticancer activity of cinnamon, the present study was conducted to elucidate the anticancer potential of essential oil of Cinnamon (EOC). METHODS EOC was tested against various cell lines (FaDu, Detroit-562 and SCC-25) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using MTT assay. The Hep-2 cell xenograft model was used to assess the positive bio-activity of EOC. EGFR-TK inhibitory assay was also carried out to explain the possible mechanism of action of EOC. Moreover, to rationalise the key contacts responsible for attenuating EGFR, the major component of EOC, i.e., trans-cinnamaldehyde, as identified by GC-MS analysis, was subjected to molecular docking experiments with the catalytic domain of EGFR protein model. RESULTS EOC exhibited significant anticancer activity with percent inhibition 66.12, 87.32, and 99.34%, against FaDu, Detroit-562 and SCC-25, respectively. Moreover, EOC reduced the tumor burden to 43.5% in Hep-2 cell xenograft model along with 89% inhibition of EGFR-TK activity in the EGFR-TK inhibitory assay. Docking experiments showed that trans-cinnamaldehyde was proficiently fitted into the inner grove of the active site of EGFR by making close inter-atomic contacts with the key catalytic residues Val702, Ala719, Lys721, Leu764, Thr766 and Leu820 and with inhibition constant Ki = 775.93 μM. CONCLUSION EOC exhibits significant anticancer activity against HNSCC cells in vitro. The mechanism underlying its anticancer action was attributed to the suppression of EGFR-TK. It also significantly suppressed the tumor growth in Hep-2 cell xenograft model.