Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Efficiency of the Information Networks in Social Media

Social media sites are information marketplaces, where users produce and consume a wide variety of information and ideas. In these sites, users typically choose their information sources, which in turn determine what specific information they receive, how much information they receive and how quickly this information is shown to them. In this context, a natural question that arises is how efficient are social media users at selecting their information sources. In this work, we propose a computational framework to quantify users' efficiency at selecting information sources. Our framework is based on the assumption that the goal of users is to acquire a set of unique pieces of information. To quantify user's efficiency, we ask if the user could have acquired the same pieces of information from another set of sources more efficiently. We define three different notions of efficiency -- link, in-flow, and delay -- corresponding to the number of sources the user follows, the amount of (redundant) information she acquires and the delay with which she receives the information. Our definitions of efficiency are general and applicable to any social media system with an underlying in- formation network, in which every user follows others to receive the information they produce. In our experiments, we measure the efficiency of Twitter users at acquiring different types of information. We find that Twitter users exhibit sub-optimal efficiency across the three notions of efficiency, although they tend to be more efficient at acquiring non- popular pieces of information than they are at acquiring popular pieces of information. We then show that this lack of efficiency is a consequence of the triadic closure mechanism by which users typically discover and follow other users in social media. Thus, our study reveals a tradeoff between the efficiency and discoverability of information sources. Finally, we develop a heuristic algorithm that enables users to be significantly more efficient at acquiring the same unique pieces of information.
TIME-LAPSE ( 4 D ) SEISMIC INVESTIGATION OF THE I 3 AND TA 2 SANDS , KILAUEA FIELD , GREEN CANYON BLOCK 6 , GULF OF MEXICO

the non-exclusive right to use this work for the University's own purposes and to make single copies of the work available to the public on a not-for-profit basis if copies are not otherwise available. Abstract 3D seismic data from 1985 and 1995 are used to investigate time-lapse seismic amplitude changes in the I3 and TA2 reservoirs of the Kilauea field, Green Canyon Block 6. The I3 sand shows significant amplitude dimming downdip which follows structure and is interpreted to represent a region swept by water as the original gas-water contact moved vertically 160 feet due to production from the A16 well. The TA2 sand also displays amplitude dimming low on structure and this dimming is attributed to the TA2 water contact migrating 750 feet vertically due to production. Amplitude brightening is present above the water swept region of the TA2 sand and potentially represents bypassed pay. Amplitudes near the A9 well decrease between surveys. This dimming is interpreted to result from a localized increase in condensate saturation near the A9 borehole brought on by a 1400 psi pressure drop in the TA2 which caused the reservoir to cross the dew point. Gas was preferentially produced, leaving behind liquid condensate which increased the acoustic impedance and caused the amplitudes to decrease between seismic surveys. brute shifting, bandpass filtering, Wiener filtering and amplitude balancing using parameters derived in downdip aquifer volumes. After normalization, amplitude difference maps were produced for both sands investigated. Time-lapse amplitude differences were then correlated to production and wireline data.
Fundamental aspects of dental resin-composite stability

14 Declaration . 16 Copyright Statement . 17 Dedication . 18 Acknowledgment . 19 CHAPTER ONE . 20 Introduction and General Literature Review . 20 1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF DENTAL RESIN-COMPOSITE . 21 1.1.1 Organic resin phase . 21 1.1.2 Inorganic filler phase . 23 1.1. 3 Interfacial phase (coupling agent) . 24 1.1. 4 Others . 25 1.1. 4.1 Initiators and accelerators . 25 1.1. 4.2 Inhibitors and stabilisers . 26 1.1. 4.3 Optical modifiers . 27 1.2 Classification of resin-composite materials . 27
Edge orientation-based fuzzy Hough transform (EOFHT)

The Hough Transform [6] -HTis a standard tool in image analysis that allows recognizing global patterns in an image space. To detect shapes in noisy data, preserving the idea of the conventional HT, but allowing detection of approximate shapes, the Fuzzy Hough Transform -FHTwas introduced [8]. Based on the FHT way of work, we propose an Edge Orientation-based Fuzzy Hough Transform -EOFHTwherein the information provided by the gradient vector is considered. The use of gradient vector's stability properties allows considering only some relevant orientations, so reducing the computational waste of time.
A new method for the on-line voidage measurement of gas-oil two-phase flow

Based on the capacitances obtained by 12-electrode ECT (electrical capacitance tomography) system and the least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) technique, a new method is proposed for the on-line voidage measurement of gas-oil two-phase flow. In practical voidage measurement process, the real-time flow pattern of the gas-oil two-phase flow is identified directly from 66 capacitances obtained by ECT system. Then, according to the flow pattern identification result, a suitable measurement model is selected and the voidage value is calculated. Research result shows the proposed method is effective. The voidage measurement result is flow pattern independent and the real-time performance is satisfactory. Meanwhile, compared with the conventional voidage measurement method based on ECT system, the proposed method can implement the voidage measurement without any image reconstruction process.
The fibronectin-binding integrins α5β1 and αvβ3 differentially modulate RhoA–GTP loading, organization of cell matrix adhesions, and fibronectin fibrillogenesis

We have studied the formation of different types of cell matrix adhesions in cells that bind to fibronectin via either α5β1 or αvβ3. In both cases, cell adhesion to fibronectin leads to a rapid decrease in RhoA activity. However, α5β1 but not αvβ3 supports high levels of RhoA activity at later stages of cell spreading, which are associated with a translocation of focal contacts to peripheral cell protrusions, recruitment of tensin into fibrillar adhesions, and fibronectin fibrillogenesis. Expression of an activated mutant of RhoA stimulates αvβ3-mediated fibrillogenesis. Despite the fact that α5β1-mediated adhesion to the central cell-binding domain of fibronectin supports activation of RhoA, other regions of fibronectin are required for the development of α5β1-mediated but not αvβ3-mediated focal contacts. Using chimeras of β1 and β3 subunits, we find that the extracellular domain of β1 controls RhoA activity. By expressing both β1 and β3 at high levels, we show that β1-mediated control of the levels of β3 is important for the distribution of focal contacts. Our findings demonstrate that the pattern of fibronectin receptors expressed on a cell dictates the ability of fibronectin to stimulate RhoA-mediated organization of cell matrix adhesions.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NIOSOMAL SUSPENSION OF CEFIXIME

Objectives : The present study was aimed to overcome the problems associated with the drug such as bioavailability, to reduce the dosage regimen, half life and to determine the appropriateness of niosomal formulation as a drug carrier. Methods: The niosomal suspension was prepared by thin film technique, by varying ratios of span 60 and cholesterol and varying the concentration of span 60. The prepared four formulations were evaluated for various parameters. Results: The optimized formulation had a vesicular size of 250-400nm . Varying the concentration of span 60 ,the entrapment efficiency demonstrated that it had a considerable task.The highest entrapment efficiency was 95.3%. The kinetics study confirmed that the liberation of drug from the niosomal suspension is in a restricted manner. The statistical optimization showed that NS2 is the optimized formulation. The gastrointestinal enzymes showed no significant change in the release of drug from the formulation. The Zone of Inhibition showed that Optimized formulation has better activity than the marketed formulation. The MIC was found to be 0.05mg , hence can be used as a efficient carrier for delivery of Cefixime. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the prepared Niosomal suspension is a convenient and efficiency carrier for the delivery of antibacterial drug. Besides this, it provided controlled delivery of drug.
Modeling and Preliminary Simulation Studies for Packet-Based Precedence and Preemption for FCS Communications

Abstract : In military networks, there had long been a requirement that some traffic be given precedence over other traffic. In the past, this has applied primarily to connection-oriented communication such as voice calls. With the advent of all-IP networks, applying the requirement to connectionless data, while maintaining QoS characteristics necessary for the correct operation of applications, presents challenges. In this paper, we describe our preliminary study of an approach to handling high-precedence IP traffic node-by-node.
Predictors of Antenatal Psychosocial Stress in Taiwanese Women

Background: Antenatal stress has been associated with adverse outcomes in mothers and their children. However, little research has been conducted to identify the factors associated with psychosocial stress in pregnant women. Purpose: This study explored the predictors of psychosocial stress during pregnancy. Methods: A convenience sample of 136 second-trimester and 164 third-trimester pregnant women were recruited from a medical center in southern Taiwan. Data were collected using a demographic form, Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS), Edinburgh Prenatal Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Maternal–Fetal Attachment Scale, and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List. Results: The results of this study found positive correlations between PSRS and both Edinburgh Prenatal Depression Scale (r = .368, p < .01) and Maternal–Fetal Attachment Scale (r = .168, p < .01) and negative correlations between PSRS and both gravidity (r = −.137, p < .05) and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (r = −.266, p < .01). Higher pregnancy stress was predicted by depression, lower social support, maternal–fetal attachment, and primigravid status, which together explained 20% of the total variance. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: Depression, social support, maternal–fetal attachment, and gravidity are discrete predictive factors of psychosocial stress in pregnant women. These findings add to existing knowledge of the factors associated with prenatal stress. Future research should include depression in a support model of antenatal stress management.
Closed-Loop Tracking-by-Detection for ROV-Based Multiple Fish Tracking

Fish abundance estimation with the aid of visual analysis has drawn increasing attention based on the underwater videos from a remotely-operated vehicle (ROV). We build a novel fish tracking and counting system followed by tracking-by-detection framework. Since fish may keep entering or leaving the field of view (FOV), an offline trained deformable part model (DPM) fish detector is adopted to detect live fish from video data. Besides that, a multiple kernel tracking approach is used to associate the same object across consecutive frames for fish counting purpose. However, due to the diversity of fish poses, the deformation of fish body shape and the color similarity between fish and background, the detection performance greatly decreases, resulting in a large error in tracking and counting. To deal with such issue, we propose a closed-loop mechanism between tracking and detection. First, we arrange detection results into tracklets and extract motion features from arranged tracklets. A Bayesian classifier is then applied to remove unreliable detections. Finally, the tracking results are modified based on the reliable detections. This proposed strategy effectively addresses the false detection problem and largely decreases the tracking error. Favorable performance is achieved by our proposed closed-loop between tracking and detection on the real-world ROV videos.
Phenotype of V2‐derived interneurons and their relationship to the axon guidance molecule EphA4 in the developing mouse spinal cord

The ventral spinal cord consists of interneuron groups arising from distinct, genetically defined, progenitor domains along the dorsoventral axis. Many of these interneuron groups settle in the ventral spinal cord which, in mammals, contains the central pattern generator for locomotion. In order to better understand the locomotor networks, we have used different transgenic mice for anatomical characterization of one of these interneuron groups, called V2 interneurons. Neurons in this group are either V2a interneurons marked by the postmitotic expression of the transcription factor Chx10, or V2b interneurons which express the transcription factors Gata2 and Gata3. We found that all V2a and most V2b interneurons were ipsilaterally projecting in embryos as well as in newborns. V2a interneurons were for the most part glutamatergic while V2b interneurons were mainly GABAergic or glycinergic. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a large proportion of V2 interneurons expressed the axon guidance molecule EphA4, a molecule previously shown to be important for correct organization of locomotor networks. We also showed that V2 interneurons and motor neurons alone did not account for all EphA4‐expressing neurons in the spinal cord. Together, these findings enable a better interpretation of neural networks underlying locomotion, and open up the search for as yet unknown components of the mammalian central pattern generator.
Intravascular photoacoustic imaging of human coronary atherosclerosis

We demonstrate intravascular photoacoustic imaging of human coronary atherosclerotic plaque. We specifically imaged lipid content, a key factor in vulnerable plaques that may lead to myocardial infarction. An integrated intravascular photoacoustics (IVPA) and ultrasound (IVUS) catheter with an outer diameter of 1.25 mm was developed. The catheter comprises an angle-polished optical fiber adjacent to a 30 MHz single-element transducer. The ultrasonic transducer was optically isolated to eliminate artifacts in the PA image. We performed measurements on a cylindrical vessel phantom and isolated point targets to demonstrate its imaging performance. Axial and lateral point spread function widths were 110 μm and 550 μm, respectively, for PA and 89 μm and 420 μm for US. We imaged two fresh human coronary arteries, showing different stages of disease, ex vivo. Specific photoacoustic imaging of lipid content, is achieved by spectroscopic imaging at different wavelengths between 1180 and 1230 nm.
MODELLING THE 3 MICRON REGION IN AKARI IRC SPECTRA

The existence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) astronomically is well accepted, but the specific molecular forms observed remain uncertain. To better understand the molecular structures which may be present along a given sightline, the 3.0 – 3.6 μm region is modelled with careful consideration given to the underlying sub-features arising from specific structures within emitting molecules.
Levosimendan improves the initial outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a swine model of cardiac arrest

Background: Cardiac arrest remains the leading cause of death in Western societies. Advanced Life Support guidelines propose epinephrine (adrenaline) for its treatment. The aim of this study was to assess whether a calcium sensitizer agent, such as levosimendan, administered in combination with epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, would improve the initial resuscitation success.
High prevalence of Borna disease virus infection in healthy sheep in Japan

Previous seroepidemiological and molecular epidemiological studies of Borna disease virus (BDV) showed considerably high rates of infection in horses, cattle, cats, and humans in Hokkaido, Japan. Here, we further demonstrate high rates of specific antibodies to BDV and BDV RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy sheep bred on the same island. The BDV prevalences by immunoblotting and/or reverse transcriptase PCR were 0% (0 of 19) in newborns (<1 month old), 51.7% (15 of 29) in lambs (1 to 6 months old), and 36.7% (11 of 30) in adults (>2 years old). Among animals positive for BDV, 60% of lambs and 45.5% of adults contained BDV RNA in PBMCs while 46.7% of lambs and 90.9% of adults contained specific antibodies to BDV. Thus, it is suggested that virus replication in the blood, as observed in lambs, is usually reduced in adulthood by raising immune responses to BDV.
Highly Efficient Strong Stability-Preserving Runge-Kutta Methods with Low-Storage Implementations

Strong stability-preserving (SSP) Runge-Kutta methods were developed for time integration of semidiscretizations of partial differential equations. SSP methods preserve stability properties satisfied by forward Euler time integration, under a modified time-step restriction. We consider the problem of finding explicit Runge-Kutta methods with optimal SSP time-step restrictions, first for the case of linear autonomous ordinary differential equations and then for nonlinear or nonautonomous equations. By using alternate formulations of the associated optimization problems and introducing a new, more general class of low-storage implementations of Runge-Kutta methods, new optimal low-storage methods and new low-storage implementations of known optimal methods are found. The results include families of low-storage second and third order methods that achieve the maximum theoretically achievable effective SSP coefficient (independent of stage number), as well as low-storage fourth order methods that are more efficient than current full-storage methods. The theoretical properties of these methods are confirmed by numerical experiment.
Optimal Rectangle Packing: A Meta-CSP Approach

We present a new approach to optimal rectangle packing, an NP-complete problem that can be used to model many simple scheduling tasks. Recent attempts at incorporating artificial intelligence search techniques to the problem of rectangle packing have focused on a CSP formulation, in which partial assignments are defined to be the fixed placement of a subset of rectangles. Our technique takes a significant departure from this search space, as we instead view partial assignments as subsets of relative pairwise relationships between rectangles. This approach recalls the meta-CSP commonly constructed in constraint-based temporal reasoning, and is thus a candidate for several pruning techniques that have been developed in that field. We apply these to the domain of rectangle packing, and develop a suite of new techniques that exploit both the symmetry and geometry present in this particular domain. We then provide experimental results demonstrating that our approach performs competitively compared to the previous state-of-the-art on a series of benchmarks, matching or surpassing it in speed on nearly all instances. Finally, we conjecture that our technique is particularly appropriate for problems containing large rectangles, which are difficult for the fixed-placement formulation to handle efficiently.
Influence of a Nozzle Type on the Thermal Performance of the Fill

The article shows the experimental investigation of a heat performance of the film fill. During the experiment was used two different spray nozzles with same water flow rate. Each spray nozzle created very different water distribution pattern. And this difference was investigating. The Merkel numbers are calculated for all measurement points. The Merkel number Me is a dimensionless number. This experimental study shows that the water distribution above the cooling fill could change the thermal performance of the cooling tower.
Review: cochlear implants as a treatment of tinnitus in single-sided deafness

Purpose of reviewTinnitus is a symptom that is highly associated with hearing loss. Its incidence is expected to increase due to the detrimental effects of occupational and leisure noise. Even though no standard treatment is currently available, the effect of cochlear implants on tinnitus in single-sided deafness (SSD) is under scientific attention. This review reveals an overview of all publicly available reports about cochlear implant as a treatment for tinnitus in SSD. Recent findingsCochlear implantation in SSD suppresses tinnitus in most of the cases. Some studies even demonstrate complete tinnitus suppression after implantation. No tinnitus worsening is reported in any of the cases. Furthermore, tinnitus does not restore during the electrical stimulation presented by the cochlear implant. The tinnitus level seems to stabilize after 3–6 months after the first fitting. SummaryAlthough the underlying mechanism responsible for the observed tinnitus suppression is not yet clear, cochlear implantation should be considered as a treatment option for tinnitus arising from SSD. However, appropriate patient selection is essential as it is expected that it is a requirement that tinnitus arises from cochlear deafferentation.
Semen Quality in Relation to Xenohormone and Dioxin-like Serum Activity Among Inuits and Three European Populations

Background Semen quality in humans may be influenced by exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds. Objectives We analyzed associations between semen characteristics and serum xenoestrogen receptor (XER), xenoandrogen receptor (XAR), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transactivity. XER and XAR activity were measured in serum samples cleared for endogenous steroid hormones and AhR activity in raw lipophilic serum extracts free of proteins. Results All together, 319 men from Warsaw (Poland), Greenland, Kharkiv (Ukraine), and Sweden provided semen and blood samples. No strong and consistent associations between xenobiotic activity and semen quality measures were observed in the four populations. However, when the data were combined across populations sperm concentration increased 40% per unit increase in XER activity [95% confidence interval (CI), 1–79%] in the subgroup with XER activity below the reference level. Among subjects with XER activity above the reference level an increase of 14% (95% CI, 2–28%) was found. Furthermore, an increase of 10% motile sperm per unit increase in XER activity below reference level (95% CI, 0.2–20) was found. We are unable to exclude that the associations are chance findings. Conclusion Alteration of XER, XAR, or AhR transactivity within the range found in serum from the general European and Inuit population seems not to markedly deteriorate sperm cell concentration, motility, or morphology in adult men.
Thermo-environmental performance analysis of irreversible solid oxide fuel cell – Stirling heat engine

ABSTRACT A hybrid, irreversible solid oxide fuel cell – Stirling heat engine system is taken into account. Thermoenvironmental criterion approach, which enables to evaluate environmental impact of any thermal cycle, is applied to the considered system for the first time. Power density, exergy density, thermoenvironmental function density, energy and exergy efficiencies are considered. Results are presented and discussed to determine optimum operating conditions. Some important results for the hybrid system are ordered: maximum power density is 7489.92 (A m−2), maximum energy and exergy efficiencies are 0.800 and 0.887, respectively, and finally, thermoenvironmental function density is 0.0276 (W mpts−1 m−2).