Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bisphosphonates and atypical femoral fractures

Purpose of reviewBisphosphonates are used widely for the treatment of osteoporosis and prevention of fractures. Although generally well tolerated and effective, bisphosphonates (and denosumab, a newer antiresorptive agent) have been associated with unusual fractures of the femoral shaft. Recent findingsNew information about the incidence, pathophysiology, and management of atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) are reviewed. Histomorphometric studies have shown variable amounts of bone turnover suppression, but new studies suggest that healing near bone cracks may not occur in patients with AFF. Some studies suggest that hip and femur geometry make certain people more at risk for AFF. In some but not all studies, the risk of AFF appears to be related to duration of treatment. Thus, the benefit/risk ratio needs to be reassessed as bisphosphonate therapy is prolonged. SummaryIf we can better understand the pathogenesis of AFF, it may be possible to identify those patients at highest risk. In the meantime, clinicians must periodically assess risk for osteoporotic fracture versus risk for AFF in managing patients with osteoporosis.
Consistency in 3

Comparisons of different consistency models often try to place them in a linear strong-toweak order. However this view is clearly inadequate, since it is well known, for instance, that Snapshot Isolation and Serialisability are incomparable. In the interest of a better understanding, we propose a new classification, along three dimensions, related to: a total order of writes, a causal order of reads, and transactional composition of multiple operations. A model may be stronger than another on one dimension and weaker on another. We believe that this new classification scheme is both scientifically sound and has good explicative value. The current paper presents the three-dimensional design space intuitively. Key-words: C.2. 4 Distributed databases; D.1. 3 Concurrent programming; D.2. 4 Software/Program Verification; E.1 Distributed data structures; Consistency models; Replicated data; Structural invariants; Correctness of distributed systems. ∗ Sorbonne-Universités-UPMC-LIP6 & Inria Paris † Purdue University, now at Samsung Research America ‡ IRIF, Université Paris Diderot Cohérence en trois dimensions Résumé : Les comparaisons entre modèles de la cohérence tentent souvent de les classer dans un ordre linéaire, de faible à forte. Cette vue est clairement inadéquate, puisque il est bien connu que, par exemple, les modèles Snapshot Isolation et Serialisability sont incomparables. Dans l’intérêt d’une meilleure compréhension du domaine, nous proposons une nouvelle classification, en trois dimensions : les garanties liées à un ordre total des écritures ; celles liées à un ordre causal des lectures ; et celles liées à la composition transactionelle d’opérations multiples. Un modèle peut être plus fort qu’un autre dans une dimension, et moins dans une autre. Nous pensons que ce nouveau schéma de classification, à la fois est scientifiquement valide, et a une bonne valeur explicative. Le présent rapport présente l’espace de conception en trois dimensions de façon intuitive. Mots-clés : C.2. 4 Bases de données réparties; D.1. 3 Programmation parallèle; D.2. 4 Vérification de programme et de logiciel; E.1 Structures de données réparties; Modèles de cohérence; Données répliquées; Invariants de structurels; Caractère correct de système réparti.
A Hybrid Channel State Information Feedback Mechanism for Massive MIMO System

In this paper, CSI feedback for massive MIMO system with planar antenna array is studied. A hybrid channel state information feedback mechanism is proposed. The proposed mechanism is based on combination of beamformed CSI-RS and non-beamformed CSI-RS transmission. Each codeword in the codebook for feedback regarding the non-beamformed CSI-RS is associated with a beamformed CSI-RS. By utilizing this association, accurate CSI feedback could be achieved without incurring overwhelming CSI-RS overhead while retaining CSI-RS coverage. Evaluation results are provided to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.
Design Procedure for Hysteresis Couplers

The present paper is devoted to the description of a procedure for the design of rotational hysteresis couplers for customer applications. The analysis has been oriented towards configurations characterized by high reliability and adaptability to the operating conditions. The tradeoff analysis leads to a claw pole configuration powered by an electromagnet in tandem with a permanent magnet to allow the regulation of the coupling torque and to assure a minimal amount of torque transmission when the power supply of the coupler fails. Moreover, the claw pole configuration seems to be the most promising for the automotive field due to its mechanical simplicity and magnetic efficiency. Unfortunately, the complexity of the magnetic circuit demands a three-dimensional numerical analysis that in the present paper is solved by the finite integrate technique. A design procedure based on this numerical analysis and on the hysteresis characteristics of the magnetic materials has been developed. Moreover, a parameter sensitivity analysis has been carried out to an optimized hysteresis coupler which satisfies the application requirements. In conclusion, the design procedure has been validated considering the experimental results obtained on a prototype of the claw pole hysteresis coupler.
ECCTD ’ 01-European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design , August 28-31 , 2001 , Espoo , Finland Design of Fourth-Order Band-Pass Active-RC Filters Using a “ Lossy ” Low-pass to Band-pass Transformation

In this paper the design of fourth-order band-pass (BP) active-RC filters using a modified lowpass to band-pass (LP-BP) frequency transformation, applied to a second-order low-pass (LP) filter as a prototype, is presented. It is shown that a BP filter can be realized by substitution of resistors and capacitors of the ladder in the low-pass prototype filter, by serial and parallel RC circuits in the resulting BP structure. Such a substitution results from a so-called, “lossy” LP-BP transformation. The design procedure is simple, and the closed-form design equations, starting from the specifications of a 4-order BP filter, are presented. A complete step-by-step design procedure is verified on a Chebyshev filter example and double-checked using PSPICE.
Towards an IDM Approach of Transforming Web Services into ACME Providing Quality of Service

In this paper, the work developed aims at contributing to the research related to the Quality of Service (QoS) for Web services. We started this research by providing a comprehensive review and description of the QoS specifications that comprise some already existing factors contributing to the QoS and some newly proposed ones. These include the availability, accessibility, reliability, integrity, the response time of the service, security, performance, etc. Hence, the aim of this research is two folds, first, it helps the designers and developers to provide better web services and second, and it helps ensure consistent software architecture as a reference model for many applications. To achieve this, we model, first, the meta-QoS model of the Web services. Then, we formalize the QoS of the Web services by referring to ARMANI which provides a language of predicates that is powerful enough to reconcile any mismatches and, thus, provide a reliable composition of the Web services. We also, handle the mediation of the composite Web services with the ACME using an automatic MDE approach and implementing a tool for this aim: Web services compositions are transformed onto ACME specifications. We are the, able to check the composition of the Web services through the ACME verification tools.
Activation of JNK and PAK2 is essential for citrinin‐induced apoptosis in a human osteoblast cell line

The mycotoxin citrinin (CTN), a natural contaminant in foodstuffs and animal feeds, exerts cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on various mammalian cells. CTN causes cell injury, including apoptosis. Previous studies by our group showed that CTN triggers apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells, as well as embryonic developmental injury. Here, we investigated the precise mechanisms governing this apoptotic effect in osteoblasts. CTN induced apoptotic biochemical changes in a human osteoblast cell line, including activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase‐3 and p21‐activated protein kinase 2 (PAK2) activation. Experiments using a JNK‐specific inhibitor, SP600125, and antisense oligonucleotides against JNK reduced CTN‐induced activation of both JNK and caspase‐3 in osteoblasts, indicating that JNK is required for caspase activation in this apoptotic pathway. Experiments using caspase‐3 inhibitors and antisense oligonucleotides against PAK2 revealed that active caspase‐3 is essential for PAK2 activation. Moreover, both caspase‐3 and PAK2 require activation for CTN‐induced apoptosis of osteoblasts. Interestingly, CTN stimulates two‐stage activation of JNK in human osteoblasts. Early‐stage JNK activation is solely ROS‐dependent, whereas late‐stage activation is dependent on ROS‐mediated caspase activity, and regulated by caspase‐induced activation of PAK2. On the basis of these results, we propose a signaling cascade model for CTN‐induced apoptosis in human osteoblasts involving ROS, JNK, caspases, and PAK2. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
Novel decoupling model predictive current control strategy for flux-switching permanent magnet synchronous machines with low torque ripple and switching loss

Flux-switching permanent magnet machine (FSPMM) is a new doubly salient permanent motor which has inherited the advantages of doubly salient permanent magnet (DSPM) and reluctance motors switched reluctance machine (SRM). With the good merits of high torque density, strong mechanical robustness, fault redundancy ability, etc., FSPMM has found great potential applications in transportation, electrical airplane, ship, and so on. However, it suffers large torque ripple and switching losses for the uniqueness of the stator and rotor. In this paper, a novel model predictive current control (MPCC) algorithm is proposed for reducing the torque ripple and switching losses. An improved modulation strategy, Cost Function, has been used to look for the best switching vector and the most ideal switching frequency for the drive converter. Comprehensive theoretical and simulation analysis has validated the innovation feasibility.
Inducible gene expression by retrovirus-mediated transfer of a modified tetracycline-regulated system

The ability to regulate gene expression via exogenous stimuli will facilitate the study of gene functions in mammalian cells. In the present study, we modified the tetracycline-controlled inducible system by the addition of the ligand-binding domain of the estrogen receptor to the carboxy terminus of the tTA transactivator. A single retroviral vector can transduce both the transactivator gene and the gene of interest controlled by the tTA-inducible promoter into mammalian cells. We show that cell lines expressing the transactivator can readily be established and that expression of the gene of interest depends on the removal of tetracycline and the addition of estrogen. By using this system, cell lines with inducible expression of the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus, a potentially toxic gene product, were established. The combination of a powerful inducible system and retrovirus-mediated gene transfer can not only be used to study gene function but may also be applied in the future to clinical trials in human gene therapy.
Coreference Resolution for Swedish and German using Distant Supervision

Coreference resolution is the identiﬁcation of phrases that refer to the same entity in a text. Current techniques to solve coreferences use machine-learning algorithms, which require large annotated data sets. Such annotated Resources are no tavailable for most languages today. In this paper, we describe a method for solving coreferences for Swedish and German using distant supervision that does not use manually annotated texts. We generate a weakly labelled training set using parallel corpora, English-Swedish and English-German, where we solve the coreference for English using CoreNLP and transfer it to Swedish and German using word alignments. To carry this out, we identify mentions from dependency graphs in both target languages using hand-written rules. Finally, we evaluate the end-to-end results using the evaluation script from the CoNLL 2012 shared task for which we obtain a score of 34.98 for Swedish and 13.16 for German and, respectively, 46.73 and 36.98 using gold mentions. (Less)
VHA Blueprints

Despite a growing interest in health care quality improvement, little has changed regarding how clinicians acquire, assimilate, and transfer knowledge concerning leading practices. Working with hospitals with recognized leading clinical practices, VHA Inc developed an innovative methodology for generating and transferring knowledge using a visual story format that incorporates structural, process, and contextual elements into a comprehensive knowledge transfer vehicle called a VHA Leading Practice Blueprint. The authors describe a validation study comparing the effectiveness of the Blueprint methodology as a knowledge transfer vehicle to 2 commonly used sources of performance improvement knowledge: traditional case study and peer-reviewed journal article. Six dimensions—display, content, transferability, recall, diffusion, and actionable—were evaluated. Analysis of data indicates that the Blueprint methodology was judged superior to case studies and peer-reviewed articles on all 6 dimensions. The Blueprint methodology appears to hold promise as a new medium for conveying leading practices in health care.
Age at first birth, parity and risk of breast cancer: A meta‐analysis of 8 studies from the nordic countries

Several large epidemiological studies in the Nordic countries have failed to confirm an association between age at first birth and breast cancer independent of parity. To assess whether lack of power or heterogeneity between the countries could explain this, a meta‐analysis was performed of 8 population‐based studies (3 cohort and 5 case‐control) of breast cancer and reproductive variables in the Nordic countries, including a total of 5,568 cases. It confirmed that low parity and late age at first birth are significant and independent determinants of breast‐cancer risk. Nulliparity was assoclated with a 30% increase in risk compared with parous women, and for every 2 births, the risk was reduced by about 16%. There was a significant trend of increasing risk with increasing age at first birth, women giving first birth after the age of 35 years having a 40% increased risk compared to those with a first birth before the age of 20 years. Tests for heterogeneity between studies were not significant for any of the examined variables. In the absence of bias, this suggests that several individual Nordic studies may have had too little power to detect the weak effect of age at first birth observed in the meta‐analysis.
Corporate Disclosures, Information Asymmetry and Stock-Market Liquidity in France

This paper aims at studying the effect of corporate disclosures on information asymmetry and stock-market liquidity in France. Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of information included in the annual reports on investor’s behavior. This is proxied by the information asymmetry component of the bid-ask spread and stock market liquidity. Our sample includes 196 French listed firms over a period ranging from 2004 to 2007. The results show that the extent of corporate disclosures in annual reports positively influences the liquidity of the French market and negatively affects the adverse selection component of the bid-ask spread. This effect is further confirmed by the commitment to IFRS by French-listed firms since 2005. Results on sub-scores show that non-financial and financial information are important in trading decisions while strategic information may be attractive only for long-term positions.
Somatic Dysfunction and Use of Osteopathic Manual Treatment Techniques During Ambulatory Medical Care Visits: A CONCORD-PBRN Study

Abstract Context: Osteopathic manual treatment (OMT) of somatic dysfunction is a unique approach to medical care that may be studied within a practice-based research network. Objective: To measure patient characteristics and osteopathic physician practice patterns within the Consortium for Collaborative Osteopathic Research Development–Practice-Based Research Network (CONCORD-PBRN). Design: Cross-sectional card study. Setting: Eleven member clinics within the CONCORD-PBRN coordinated by The Osteopathic Research Center. Patients: A total of 668 patients seen between January and March 2013. Main Study Measures: Patient age and sex; primary diagnoses; somatic dysfunction as manifested by tenderness, asymmetry, restricted motion, or tissue texture changes; and use of 14 OMT techniques. Results were stratified by anatomical region and adjusted for clustering within member clinics. Clustering was measured by the intracluster correlation coefficient. Results: Patient ages ranged from 7 days to 87 years (adjusted mean age, 49.2 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 43.3-55.1 years). There were 450 females (67.4%) and 508 patient visits (76.0%) involved a primary diagnosis of disease of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. Structural examination was performed during 657 patient visits (98.4%), and 649 visits (97.2%) involved OMT. Restricted motion and tenderness were the most and least common palpatory findings, respectively. Cranial (1070 [14.5%]), myofascial release (1009 [13.7%]), muscle energy (1001 [13.6%]), and counterstrain (980 [13.3%]) techniques were most commonly used, accounting for more than one-half of the OMT provided. Pediatric patients were more likely than adults to receive OMT within the head (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 9.53; 95% CI, 1.28-71.14). Geriatric patients were more likely than adults to receive a structural examination (adjusted OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.09-3.07) and OMT (adjusted OR, 1.62; 1.02-2.59) within the lower extremity. Females were more likely than males to receive a structural examination (adjusted OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.44-4.16) and OMT (adjusted OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.26-3.52) within the sacrum and OMT within the pelvis (adjusted OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.12-2.88). Intracluster correlation coefficients for the 4 most commonly used OMT techniques ranged from 0.34 to 0.72. Conclusion: This study provides proof of concept of the feasibility of studying osteopathic medical practice on a national level by developing and growing the CONCORD-PBRN.
Institutional Mechanisms Enabling SME’s Competitive Position

As a sequential dissemination on an ongoing work in progress upon SME’s competitiveness PN2 project, the paper is designated to evaluate the territorial environment role as enabler factor for SME’s development. Relying upon critical conclusions of SME’s readiness’ degree for accessing the instruments of knowledge economy, such as: the institutional framework and the economic incentives; human resources capability; the innovative system; information infrastructure; vulnerabilities assessment, we are forward designing institutional mechanisms for correcting SME’s noncompetitive position. We suggest interactive networks for consulting expertise poles as institutional mechanism enabling the knowledge transfer for the benefit of SME’s.
Target Ownership Plan and Earnings Management

We examine the determinants of target ownership plans and their association with earnings management. We find that firms adopt target ownership plans not only in response to poor performance as documented by prior research, but also as a means to mitigate moral hazard concerns and in response to peer pressure. Our analyses show that firms engage in less accruals and real earnings management for up to two years following plan adoption. Additionally, we find that the reduction in accruals management is concentrated in adoption firms that have met the target ownership requirements, and in high probability adoption firms whose adoption decisions are driven by performance, moral hazard, governance, capital market, and peer-firm concerns. Our findings support the argument that target ownership plans align CEOs’ incentives with shareholders’ in that these plans result in reduced management short-termism as evidenced by more truthful earnings reporting and less real earnings management through production cost manipulation and discretionary expenditures.
Emissions Standard System: A monetary regime for provision of global public goods

This paper theoretically examines an imaginary monetary regime in which the private provision of global public goods that reduce greenhouse gases ("emissions reducers," e.g., forests) is enhanced and the public goods are held in the private sector as monetary assets. We consider a monetary regime where the government or the central bank makes public goods a means of payment by committing itself to conversion of emissions reducer into cash (and probably by adopting appropriate banking regulations). Using a simple cash-in-advance setting, we show that the monetary regime internalizes the externality of public goods by endowing them with a private function as a means of payment. In the monetary regime, private agents buy and hold emissions reducers voluntarily, and the government need not impose caps on emissions nor pay any costs for public goods provision. Moreover, in an economic boom when greenhouse gas emissions increase, emissions reducers may also increase automatically. Due to the network externalities of money, emissions reducers may become used as money internationally and thus the international free-rider problem may be mitigated. Our results imply that the monetary regime may be a promising extension of existing policy plans for global warming.
Calculation of the base inertial parameters of closed-loops robots

The authors present two methods for determining the base inertial parameters of robots containing closed loops. This set of parameters is the minimum set which can be identified using the dynamic or energy model. The first method is symbolic; the solution is obtained by first determining the quasi base parameters of a corresponding tree structure robot; the closed-loops are then taken into account to get the quasi base parameters of the robot. Direct general relations are given for the two steps. The second method is numerical; the multiple solutions of the relations expressing the passive variables as a function of active variables are taken into account; the number of the base parameters is seen to be a function of each solution. <<ETX>>
The design of DIVINE-a distributed virtual interminable environment

This paper describes the issues involved in designing and implementing a large-scale cooperative object database server for collaborative virtual environment. Participants presented in the environment may include humans and computer artifacts. The focus of this paper is the distributing factor and communication model between nodes. In DIVINE, all objects will be decentralized and scattered among three tiers of object databases. By limiting knowledge and refining tasks for each server the network and processor workload can be reduced. The objective of the system is to provide a virtual environment for distributed computing with N+1 fault tolerant and subject to expansion without interruption of services.