Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3 Leading to improve learning outcomes in the Jika iMfundo campaign

Introduction The systemic change initiative in education, called the Jika iMfundo Campaign, is being implemented in two school districts of the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province of South Africa. This campaign, located in the provincial and district offices and driven by a change partner, the Programme to Improve Learning Outcomes (PILO), represents an important step in the country’s quest for an effective methodology that will enable it to undertake change at scale in seeking to improve the quality of public education. This initiative is unique in the sense that it pays careful attention to the process of change as well the outcomes it seeks to achieve – with this dual focus allowing it to serve as a “policy enabler” that provides a detailed roadmap for the realisation of policy goals. The study of the work of PILO, through the implementation of the Jika iMfundo Campaign in the two districts of KZN, thus offers important insights and lessons that can deepen our understanding of what education change means in the South African context, what its effects are and the implications of these for policy and practice. In this chapter, we explore the effects of the Jika iMfundo Campaign through the lens of leadership, focusing specifically on leadership practice at the level of the school. PILO’s Theory of Change (ToC)1 focuses on increasing curriculum coverage that will, in turn, lead to improved learning outcomes. One of the components required to achieve this goal is the role of the School Management Team2 (SMT) in supporting and strengthening teaching practice in the school. We refer to this as instructional leadership.
Sensor-Based Gait Rehabilitation for Total Hip and Knee Replacement Patients and Those at Risk of Falling: Review Article

Recovering a normal gait after injury or maintaining a normal gait as people age is critical to maintaining mobility and health in later life. This review looks at the evidence relating to recovery of a normal gait after total hip or knee replacement and suggests how this may be improved using a sensor based approach. Conventional methods of monitoring gait use an optical gait laboratory, which is both costly and time consuming and therefore it is not a routine procedure for people in a clinical or home based setting. Unfortunately, all the evidence suggests that most people who undergo joint replacement do not recover a normal gait and this has an effect on their health. This suggests that people tend to stop the rehabilitation phase too early and this may be associated with a lack of monitoring. Recently, sensor-based system have been used to monitor joint replacement patients and arrived at the same conclusions as the optical gait laboratory trials, and therefore such a system can be used with confidence in the general clinical setting. Pilot studies have been carried out using these sensors, one following a patient recovering from a total hip replacement (THR) for 8 months and the second a two year longitudinal study following a group of elderly people at risk of falling. Both studies show that monitoring improves the outcome, with the THR patient recovering a normal gait and all 11 people at risk of falling remaining mobile with no falls over the two year period. This indicates that, with the advent of sensor based monitoring; gait rehabilitation can be applied in a broad range of situations, improving patient outcome and satisfaction.
Multiresolution inter-sample and inter-lead eigen error features for classification of cardiac diseases

This paper presents a new technique to estimate diagnostic features in multilead electrocardiogram (MECG) signal. The technique uses the eigen analysis of the significant sub-band matrices of analyzed MECG and synthetic MECG for evaluation of features. The sub-band matrices are obtained using the multiresolution analysis of MECG. For each of the significant sub-band matrix, the inter-sample eigen error (ISEE), the inter-lead eigen error (ILEE) and the singular value error (SVE) features are evaluated. The multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network and the support vector machine (SVM) classifiers are employed to classify the MECG features into three cardiac diseases (heart muscle disease (HMD), myocardial infarction (MI) and bundle branch block (BBB)) and healthy control. The result reveals that, for MI, HMD and BBB, the proposed technique has better performance with sensitivity values of 99.43%, 99.77% and 97.78%, respectively.
FALSE ALARM REDUCTION SCHEME FOR DATABASE INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM

Database intrusion detection system is considered a mandatory security layer in recent database applications. The detection of intrusions in database applications is mostly based on anomaly methods like access patterns, association rule mining and mining data dependencies between data items. These countermeasures achieve good results in traditional applications but new forms of attacks on computer systems lead to the depreciation of intrusion detection systems due to the high rates of false positive alarms. The goal of this paper is to improve the accuracy of intrusion detection system by reducing false alarms using alert clustering mechanism and system hibernation capabilities. In this paper, a three-stage access control framework is developed for detecting malicious users in database. This framework is embedded with an alert clustering mechanism for reducing false alarms by correlating low-level alerts into one cluster. A post security countermeasure is developed by merging system hibernation capabilities into the developed application. The hibernation mechanism is used for maintaining the availability of data in case of intrusion detection. The experimental results of the proposed algorithm achieve high detection rate with low false positive and low false negative alarms when compared to recent researches in intrusion detection systems.
Method for generation of human hyperdiversified antibody fragment library

The selection of antibody fragments from libraries using in vitro screening technologies has proven to be a very good alternative to the classical hybridoma technology, and has overcome the laborious process of antibody humanization. However, the complexity of the library is critical in the probability of being able to directly isolate a high affinity antibody specific to a target. We report a method to make hyperdiversified antibody fragment libraries, based on human immunoglobulin variable genes mimicking the somatic hypermutation process. This mutagenesis technology, MutaGen™, was used for the first time on the entire variable domain (frameworks and CDRs) of large repertoires of human variable antibody domains. Our MutaGen™ process uses low‐fidelity human polymerases, known as mutases, suggested to be involved in the somatic hypermutation process of immunoglobulin genes. Depending on the mutases used, we generated complementary mutation patterns with randomly distributed mutations. The libraries were generated with an average of 1.8 mutations per 100 amino acids. The hyperdiversified antibody fragment libraries constructed with our process should enable the selection of antibody fragments specific to virtually any target.
Carbohydrate Active Enzyme Profile of Bar-Headed Goose ( Anser indicus ) Gut

Carbohydrate Active enzymes (CAZymes), encoded by microbes that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract, play a crucial role in breakdown of complex dietary carbohydrates into components that can be absorbed by host intestinal epithelium. Bar-headed goose (Anser indicus), an herbivorous bird, has become one of the most popular wild birds for artificial rearing industries in several provinces of China. To understand how CAZymes in the gut of artificially reared Bar-headed geese are influenced by artificial diets, we describe here analysis of CAZymes from gut metagenomic data from both wild and artificially reared Bar-headed geese. A total of 172 and 215 CAZymes were found in wild and artificially reared Bar-headed geese, respectively. Glycoside hydrolases and glycosyl transferases were found to be the two most abundant categories of CAZymes in both groups. Comparative study showed a total of 22 significantly different CAZymes between wild and artificially reared group. Further, these significantly different CAZymes were observed to be specifically abundant in the Firmicutes phyla in wild group, whereas Bacteroidetes phyla in artificially reared group. These results provide a global view of CAZyme profiles of Bar-headed geese, and make an original contribution to the artificial diets management for rearing this bird.
Doping optimization of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 for high thermoelectric ef fi ciency

The newly discovered photovoltaic hybrid perovskite materials have been suggested for thermoelectric applications as they possess very low thermal conductivity and large Seebeck coefficient. However, to achieve a high figure of merit, chemical doping is necessary to increase the electrical conductivity. In the present work, we examined the thermoelectric figure of merit for CH3NH3PbI3 as a function of carrier concentration based on first-principles calculations. For doped semiconductors, the impurity scattering usually plays a dominant role in the charge transport. Both impurity scattering and acoustic phonon scattering have been incorporated in our calculations. We showed that at the impurity concentration of 10 cm , the room temperature zT value of tetragonal CH3NH3PbI3 could be optimized to reach unity at the carrier concentration on the same order of magnitude as 10 cm . The hole-doped CH3NH3PbI3 exhibits superior thermoelectric property than the electron-doped one, and we propose to engineer the vacancies of organic cations for the enhanced hole concentration and thermoelectric efficiency. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Prenatal Programming of Infant Neurobehaviour in a Healthy Population.

BACKGROUND Identifying the prenatal origins of mental conditions is of increasing interest, yet most studies have focused on high-risk populations and cannot disentangle prenatal and postnatal programming effects. Thus, we examined whether profiles of neurobehaviour indicative of future risk could be identified in healthy 1-3-day-old infants, and examined associations with perinatal risk factors. METHODS Participants included 627 healthy mothers and term infants from a population-based US cohort. Neurobehaviour was assessed within 24-72 h after delivery with the NICU Network Neurobehavioural Scales (NNNS). A model-based clustering algorithm was used to derive neurobehavioural profiles from NNNS scores. Maternal health histories, pregnancy conditions and behaviours, labour/delivery factors, and infant attributes were examined in relation to the neurobehavioural profiles. RESULTS Seven discrete neurobehavioural profiles were identified, including one average functioning profile, and two inversely patterned below and above average profiles. Higher pregnancy weight gain (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.10, 1.88) and birthweight percentiles (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.10, 1.95) were associated with greater odds of below average newborn neurobehaviour. Above average neurobehaviour was associated with experiencing longer gestations (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.02, 1.64) and higher 5-min APGAR scores (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.07, 5.52). Maternal pregnancy alcohol use (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33, 0.89), and fetal distress (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.01, 0.72) were associated with lower likelihood of having average neurobehaviour. CONCLUSION Distinct profiles of neurobehaviour can be derived in a healthy population of newborns, with different sets of perinatal factors predicting different patterns of neurobehaviour. These findings suggest a potential in utero origin for mental health risk.
BMP7 enhances the effect of BMSCs on extracellular matrix remodeling in a rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration

Intervertebral discs (IVDs) provide stability and flexibility to the spinal column; however, IVDs, and in particular the nucleus pulposus (NP), undergo a degenerative process characterized by changes in the disc extracellular matrix (ECM), decreased cell viability, and reduced synthesis of proteoglycan and type II collagen. Here, we investigated the efficacy and feasibility of stem cell therapy using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) over‐expressing bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) to promote ECM remodeling of degenerated IVDs. Lentivirus‐mediated BMP7 over‐expression induced differentiation of BMSCs into an NP phenotype, as indicated by expression of the NP markers collagen type II, aggrecan, SOX9 and keratins 8 and 19, increased the content of glycosaminoglycan, and up‐regulated β‐1,3‐glucuronosyl transferase 1, a regulator of chondroitin sulfate synthesis in NP cells. These effects were suppressed by Smad1 silencing, indicating that the effect of BMP7 on ECM remodeling was mediated by the Smad pathway. In vivo analysis in a rabbit model of disc degeneration showed that implantation of BMSCs over‐expressing BMP7 promoted cell differentiation and proliferation in the NP, as well as their own survival, and these effects were mediated by the Smad pathway. The results of the present study indicate the beneficial effects of BMP7 on restoring ECM homeostasis in NP cells, and suggest potential strategies for improving cell therapy for the treatment of disc diseases.
The Psychological Well-Being, Happiness and Life Satisfaction of Music Students

Studies showed that university and college students are vulnerable to mental health problems. High rates of depression, anxiety and stress among students have generated increasing public concern in western societies, but in eastern societies this issue remains mostly undiscovered. The healing force of music has been known since ancient times and studies showed the positive impact of music on mental health problems. However, few studies have been conducted on music students’ psychological well-being. In this study we wanted to assess the psychological well-being of undergraduate music education students in terms of depression, anxiety and stress as well as their happiness and life satisfaction levels. A second objective of this study was to examine the effects of different types of classical music (baroque versus romantic/post-romantic) on depression, anxiety and stress levels as well as on perceived happiness and life satisfaction. A total of 69 students participated in this study, with 35 assigned to Group I (listened to baroque music) and the other 34 assigned to Group II (listened to romantic/post-romantic classical music). No statistically significant relationships were found between depression, anxiety and stress levels and any of the socio-demographic characteristics that were studied. This was the same for happiness and life satisfaction levels. There was, however, a significant relationship between economic status and life satisfaction which was found to be positively related. A significant negative correlation was determined between depression and happiness and between depression and life satisfaction. The difference between depression, anxiety and stress levels as well as happiness and life satisfaction levels for Group I and Group II students was not statistically significant.
On the prognostic value of survival models with application to gene expression signatures

As part of the validation of any statistical model, it is a good statistical practice to quantify the prediction accuracy and the amount of prognostic information represented by the model; this includes gene expression signatures derived from high‐dimensional microarray data. Several approaches exist for right‐censored survival data measuring the gain in prognostic information compared with established clinical parameters or biomarkers in terms of explained variation or explained randomness. They are either model‐based or use estimates of prediction accuracy.
EXPLORING VARIABILITY IN MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF MULTI-MATERIAL JETTING PARTS

With Additive Manufacturing (AM) capabilities rapidly expanding in industrial applications, there exists a need to quantify materials' mechanical properties to ensure reliable performance that is robust to variations in environment and build orientation. While prior research has examined process-parameter and environmental effects for AM processes such as extrusion, vat photopolymerization, and powder bed fusion, existing similar research on the material jetting process is limited. Focusing on polypropylene-like (VeroWhitePlus) and elastomer-like (TangoBlackPlus) materials, the authors first characterize the anisotropic properties of six different gradients produced from mixing the two materials in preset quantities. Three build orientations were used to fabricate parts and analyze tensile stress, modulus of elasticity, and elongation at break for each material. The authors also present results from an investigation of how aging of parts in different lighting conditions affects material properties. The results from these experiments provide an enhanced understanding of the material behaviors relating to material jetting process parameters and can inform material selection when manufacturing loadbearing parts.
TOPOLOGICAL REMESHING AND LOCALLY SUPPORTED SMOOTHING FOR BUBBLE COALESCENCE IN TWO-PHASE FLOWS

A dual strategy of remeshing and smoothing operations is introduced. At the forefront, the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian/Finite Element (ALE/FE) approach is introduced not only to discretize the continuum filled by the liquid and vapor phases but only to represent their common interface by computational elements. In synchrony, a Level-Set (LS) methodology accompanies the former by determining coalescing regions. This work presents a two-dimensional idealized model concerning the numerical modeling of the coalescence between two circular bubbles immersed in stagnant liquid. While the ALE/FE approach can guarantee suitable remeshing to recover the structure of the mesh modifications changeed after the thin liquid film disruption, the LS strategy locally determines the coalescing region by handling a function of compact support. The effect of the collapse is assuaged and any sharpnesses owing to local topological changes occurring in the contact region tend to be less protruding by smoothing. Two-dimensional numerical results show that this incipient methodology is promising in regard to coalescence studies and is able to be extended, a posteriori, to threedimensional cases. Mainly headed to treat bubble interactions, these strategies aim to be embodied, in the sequel, into a two-phase flow context, especially to simulate the coalescence taking place in transitional regions of passage from bubbly-to-slug and slug-to-annular patterns.
Akademia Baru An Exploration of the Factors Influencing the Intention of University Students towards the Consumption of Instant Noodles

Previous studies on instant noodles have been aimed mostly at secondary students, and have been concerned with the demographics, and the development of product attributes. Very few studies have examined the role of convenience (CO), product attributes (PA), advertising (AD) and subjective norms (SN) in predicting the intention of students towards the consumption of instant noodles. The present rising costs of living and education may affect the intention and behaviour of university students towards the consumption of affordable food. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to explore the relationship between these variables and the variables of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) in association with the intention of university students to consume instant noodles. A research model approach was used to reflect the effects of CO, PA, AD, and SN on the TRA constructs. In total, 390 cases were gathered from three universities. Structural equation modelling was employed to assess the proposed research model in terms of the path significance, the general requirements for a model fit, and the testing of the hypotheses. It was found that AD has a direct positive effect on the behavioural intention of university students towards the consumption of instant noodles. Nevertheless, CO, PA, and SN appear to exert no significant influence on the behavioural intention of university students. The limitation of the study was that the findings were obtained from a small dataset covering only three universities. Therefore, future researches should cover a broader range of research samples. This paper provides additional understanding for marketing managers and researchers into the effects of CO, PA, AD and SN on the intention of Malaysian university students towards the consumption of instant noodles, which can be used for formulating marketing strategies for instant noodles and for considering future research directions in other countries. Copyright © 2016 Penerbit Akademia Baru All rights reserved.
Coupling between Curvature and Molecule / Particle Orientation in Soft Condensed Matter Systems

Not only is condensed matter a very broad field, but it is also quite interdisciplinary. Biologist, chemists, physicists, engineers, and mathematicians all study condensed matter systems. While the scientists seek to understand these systems and explain how they work, engineers take up the task of developing devices and technology that implements these systems. LCD TVs are one great example of a benefit to society that is the product of the study of condensed matter systems.
QUALITY CHANGES IN FISH BURGER FROM COMMON CARP ( CYPRINUS CARPIO ) DURING REFRIGERATED STORAGE

Fish burgers from Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were assessed for proximate, chemical, microbiological and sensory quality changes over a period of 19 days at refrigerated storage at (4 0 C). These burgers were separated into three different Experimental Samples (Sample A: Control Sample-No ginger; Sample B: 5gm ginger/kg burger mix; Sample C: 10gm ginger/ kg burger mix) and the changes in the moisture, protein, fat and ash content were significant at P<0.01. TVBN, PV, FFA, TBA content, Total plate count and Psychrophilic counts increased significantly in all the samples during the entire storage period. Salmonella spp, Vibrio spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Faecal streptococci, Escherichia coli and molds were found to be absent. The color changes of the burgers were also studied during the entire storage period. According to sensory scores, the three Experimental Samples of fish burgers had a shelf life of 15, 17 and 17 days, respectively. A negative correlation was observed between storage period and overall acceptability scores.
AUTOMATIC PLACEMENT OF THE HUMAN HEAD THANKS TO ERGONOMIC AND VISUAL CONSTRAINTS

This article aims to create automatic placement and trajectory generation for the head and the eyes of a virtual mannequin. This feature allows the engineer using off-line programming software of mannequin to quickly verify the usability and accessibility of a visual task. An inverse kinematic model is developed taking into account the joint limits of the neck and the eyes as well as interference between the field of view and the environmental objects. This model uses the kinematic redundancy mechanism: the head and eyes. The resolution algorithm is presented in a planar case for educational reasons and in a spatial case.