Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Signs of Language Revisited: An Anthology to Honor Ursula Bellugi and Edward Klima (review)

Contents: Preface. Part I: Reminiscences. L. Fant, Two Memorable Meals With Ursula and Ed. R.M. Battison, American Sign Language Linguistics 1970-1980: Memoir of a Renaissance. B. Bragg, A Fish Story for Ursula and Other Remembrances. Part II: Historical and Comparative Analyses of Sign Languages. J. Woodward, Sign Languages and Sign Language Families in Thailand and Vietnam. D. McKee, G. Kennedy, Lexical Comparisons of Signs From American, Australian, British, and New Zealand Sign Languages. H. Lane, R.C. Pillard, M. French, Origins of the American Deaf-World: Assimilating and Differentiating Societies and Their Relation to Genetic Patterning. Part III: Language in the Visual-Spatial Modality. E.L. Newport, T. Supalla, Sign Language Research at the Millennium. P. Siple, Attentional Resources and Working Memory: A New Framework for the Study of the Impact of Deafness on Cognition. M. Wilson, K. Emmorey, When Does Modality Matter? Evidence From ASL on the Nature of Working Memory. P.B. Braem, T. Bram, A Pilot Study of the Expressive Gestures Used by Classical Orchestra Conductors. N. Frishberg, An Interpreter Creates the Space. Part IV: Linguistic Analysis of Sign Languages. S.D. Fischer, More Than Just Handwaving: The Mutual Contributions of Sign Language and Linguistics. R.B. Wilbur, Phonological and Prosodic Layering of Nonmanuals in American Sign Language. R.C. Loew, C.T. Akamatsu, M. Lanaville, A Two-Handed Manual Alphabet in the United States. E. Pizzuto, V. Volterra, Iconicity and Transparency in Sign Languages: A Cross-Linguistic Cross-Cultural View. M. Kuntze, Codeswitching in ASL and Written English Language Contact. S.K. Liddell, Indicating Verbs and Pronouns: Pointing Away From Agreement. Part V: Language Acquisition. J.G. Bettger, Viewing Deaf Children in a New Way: Implications of Bellugi and Klima's Research for Education. R.P. Meier, Shared Motoric Factors in the Acquisition of Sign and Speech. A. Abrahamsen, Explorations of Enhanced Gestural Input to Children in the Bimodal Period. D. Lillo-Martin, Early and Late in Language Acquisition: Aspects of the Syntax and Acquisition of Wh-Questions in American Sign Language. J. Reilly, Bringing Affective Expression Into the Service of Language: Acquiring Perspective Marking in Narratives. C.A. Padden, V.L. Hanson, Search for the Missing Link: The Development of Skilled Reading in Deaf Children. L.A. Petitto, On the Biological Foundations of Human Language. Part VI: The Neural Organization of Sign Language. A.R. Damasio, H. Damasio, Language and the Brain. D.P. Corina, Some Observations Regarding Paraphasia in American Sign Language. H. Poizner, D. Brentari, M.E. Tyrone, J. Kegl, The Structure of Language as Motor Behavior: Clues From Signers With Parkinson's Disease. V.A. Fromkin, On the Uniqueness of Language.
The Coping Strategies Questionnaire – Swedish Version: Evidence of Reliability and Validity in Patients with Fibromyalgia

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a Swedish version of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire in patients with fibromyalgia. A total of 275 patients from 4 sites in Sweden filled out the questionnaire and other health status and quality of life instruments at the beginning of treatment programs. A total of 28 subjects at 1 site served as wait-listed controls for 12 weeks. Cronbach's Alpha for the subscales ranged from 0.3 3 to 0.86. Coping Strategies Questionnaire subscales correlated significantly with other scales. The treated group had significant positive changes on several Coping Strategies Questionnaire subscales. Principal components analysis found a 3-factor solution consisting of cognitive coping/suppression, pain control/rational thinking and behavioral activity. Analysis by item replicated 4 of the 8 subscales. A further principal components analysis using 27 items replicated an earlier 6-factor solution. The Swedish version of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire has subscales that are reliable, valid and sensitive to change in patients with fibromyalgia.
Políticas de diversidade nas organizações: uma questão de discurso?

The objective in this article was to analyze to what extent organizations are able to effectively implement diversity stimulating policies in the organizational environment. A case of a multinational company has been studied, which adopted, in the 1990’s, a worldwide diversity and inclusion stimulating policy. Based on a qualitative methodology, official documents were analyzed and employees representing minorities and non-minorities were interviewed, and that material was later handled by means of discourse analysis. Results show contradictions between the company speeches and the employees understanding on the policies it adopts. That is possibly due to ingrained prejudicial processes from the employees themselves, to a certain permissiveness at the managerial level, and to diversity and inclusion stimulating policies focusing more on the market than on society requirements.
The Delay-Dependent for Discrete-Time Systems

Problem statement: This study is concerned with the problem of delay- dependent stability analysis for discrete-time systems with interval-li ke time-varying delays. Conclusion/Recommendations: The problem is solved by applying a novel Lyapunov functional and an improved delay-dependent stability criterion is obtained in terms of a linear matrix inequality. into account. It is worth noting that the closed-lo op system resulting from a delayed controller is actua lly a time-delay system. Therefore, stability results o f time-delay systems could be applied to design time- delayed controller. The present study a new Lyapunov functional, an improved delay-dependent stability criterion for discrete-time systems with time-varying delays is presented in terms of LMIs. It is shown that the obtained result is less conservative than those in. Example is providing, respectively, to demonstrate the reduced conservatism of the proposed stability crit erion and the effectiveness of the proposed design method . Preliminaries: Lemma 2.1 (Agarwal, 2000) the zero solution of difference system is asymptotic stabili ty if there exists a positive definite function n
Intravenous fentanyl during shoulder arthroscopic surgery in the sitting position after interscalene block increases the incidence of episodes of bradycardia hypotension

Background Episodes of bradycardia hypotension (BH) or vasovagal syncope have a reported incidence of 13-29% during arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the sitting position after an interscalene block (ISB). This study was designed to investigate whether intravenous fentanyl during shoulder arthroscopy in the sitting position after ISB would increase or worsen the incidence of BH episodes. Methods In this prospective study, 20 minutes after being in a sitting position, 160 patients who underwent ISB were randomized to receive saline (S, n = 40), 50 µg of fentanyl (F-50, n = 40), 100 µg of fentanyl (F-100, n = 40) or 30 mg of ketorolac (K-30, n = 40) randomly. We assessed the incidence of BH episodes during the operation and the degree of maximal reduction (Rmax) of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Results The incidence of BH episodes was 10%, 15%, 27.5% and 5% in the S, F-50, F-100 and K-30 groups, respectively. Mean Rmax of systolic BP in the F-100 group was significantly decreased as compared to the S group (-20.0 ± 4.5 versus -6.3 ± 1.6%, P = 0.004). Similarly, mean Rmax of diastolic BP in the F-100 group was also significantly decreased (P = 0.008) as compared to the S group. Conclusions These results suggest that fentanyl can increase the incidence of BH episodes during shoulder arthroscopic surgery in the sitting position after ISB.
Grid Enabled Simultaneous Retrieval of Aerosol and Ground Surface Reflectance from Integration of AERONET and Satellite Data

In this paper, a method using multi-resource remotely sensed data and ground base data for quantitative determination of aerosol optical properties was demonstrated. The model exploits the synergy of TERRA and AQUA MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data, to simultaneously retrieve both Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) and surface reflectance. The ground station data routinely coming from AERosol Robotic NETwork (AERONET) of ground-based sun- and sky-scanning radiometers were assimilated as variables describing model initial states. To meet the increased computational needs caused by the complex and computational intensity, the algorithm was migrated to run as parallel processing on a Grid platform. Experimental results were presented with a realistic application, using data collected by MODIS over China mainland. The results show that Grid-enabled model allowed on-demand large volume of ground-based data assimilation with parameters, and achieved improvement both in retrieval accuracy and computing performance.
Effect of enzyme supplementation at moderate cellulase loadings on initial glucose and xylose release from corn stover solids pretreated by leading technologies

Moderate loadings of cellulase enzyme supplemented with β‐glucosidase were applied to solids produced by ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), ammonia recycle (ARP), controlled pH, dilute sulfuric acid, lime, and sulfur dioxide pretreatments to better understand factors that control glucose and xylose release following 24, 48, and 72 h of hydrolysis and define promising routes to reducing enzyme demands. Glucose removal was higher from all pretreatments than from Avicel cellulose at lower enzyme loadings, but sugar release was a bit lower for solids prepared by dilute sulfuric acid in the Sunds system and by controlled pH pretreatment than from Avicel at higher protein loadings. Inhibition by cellobiose was observed to depend on the type of substrate and pretreatment and hydrolysis times, with a corresponding impact of β‐glucosidase supplementation. Furthermore, for the first time, xylobiose and higher xylooligomers were shown to inhibit enzymatic hydrolysis of pure glucan, pure xylan, and pretreated corn stover, and xylose, xylobiose, and xylotriose were shown to have progressively greater effects on hydrolysis rates. Consistent with this, addition of xylanase and β‐xylosidase improved performance significantly. For a combined mass loading of cellulase and β‐glucosidase of 16.1 mg/g original glucan (about 7.5 FPU/g), glucose release from pretreated solids ranged from 50% to75% of the theoretical maximum and was greater for all pretreatments at all protein loadings compared to pure Avicel cellulose except for solids from controlled pH pretreatment and from dilute acid pretreatment by the Sunds pilot unit. The fraction of xylose released from pretreated solids was always less than for glucose, with the upper limit being about 60% of the maximum for ARP and the Sunds dilute acid pretreatments at a very high protein mass loading of 116 mg/g glucan (about 60 FPU). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 457–467. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Moonlight in Miami : A Field Study of Human-Robot Interaction in the Context of an Urban Search and Rescue Disaster Response Training Exercise

This study explores human-robot interaction during a 16-hour high-fidelity Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) disaster response drill with teleoperated robots. Situation awareness and team interaction were examined using communication analysis. Operators (n=5) sought assistance from team members to compensate for difficulties building or maintaining situation awareness. Operator-team member communication focused on relating what was seen through the robot’s eye view with prior knowledge and planning search strategies. Results suggest operators need a new cognitive mental model to filter and comprehend data provided by the robot, and that robot-assisted search is a team task rather than an individual one. USAR technical search teams need a new shared mental model of robot-assisted search in order to coordinate activities effectively.
High data rate wireless transmission in the non-far zone with 2D orthogonal beams

A high data rate transmission system for short range application is proposed. The system is composed of two identical flat rectangular antennas separated by a distance in the non-far zone. Each antenna generates four two-dimensional orthogonal beams by a passive and low-loss beam-forming network. Thanks to the orthogonality relation between the beams, several channels with the same frequency and in the same direction could be carried and the signal demultiplexing is facilitated in the reception side. Wireless transmission using two-dimensional orthogonality of the aperture field distribution in the rectangular coordinate system is achieved, which is equivalent to Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) transmission using two-dimensional orthogonality in the cylindrical coordinate system. To validate the proposed concept a transmission system has been designed, fabricated and tested in the E-band around 78.5 GHz. The system generates 4 orthogonal beams and compared to a Single Input Single Output (SISO) system the spectral efficiency could be enhanced up to fourfold.
Lessons from sports: children's socialization to values through family interaction during sports activities

In the United States, children are encouraged to enroll in sports activities. Studies show that these activities are positively associated with reduced delinquent behavior and increased academic and social performance. Research using parents' reports in interviews and surveys shows that parents view extracurricular sports activities as an arena for socializing their children to important values and skills that go beyond the benefits of participation in athletic activities. Through analysis of parent–child interaction using video data of naturalistic family interaction during formal participation in organized sports (e.g. Little League), informal participation (e.g. backyard pick-up games), and passive participation in sports (e.g. watching televised athletic events), this article reveals that parents play an active role in this socialization process. This article underscores the important function that sports have in family daily life as a socializing tool for culturally cherished skills and values.
Decline in Semicircular Canal and Otolith Function With Age

Objective To characterize the physiologic nature of the vestibular dysfunction that occurs with the normative aging process. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Tertiary care academic medical center. Patients Fifty individuals age 70 years and above. Interventions Head thrust dynamic visual acuity testing and cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing. Main Outcome Measures Semicircular canal function measured by head thrust dynamic visual acuity testing in each of the 3 semicircular canal planes, and saccular and utricular function measured by cervical VEMP and ocular VEMP testing, respectively. Results We observed significant declines in semicircular canal function in each of the canal planes as well as otolith function associated with aging. We found that individuals with impaired horizontal and superior semicircular canal function also were likely to have concomitant deficits in utricular but not saccular function. Overall, we noted that the prevalence of semicircular canal dysfunction was highest followed by saccular then utricular impairment, although we did observe individuals with isolated otolith deficits. Conclusion These data suggest an overall decline in semicircular canal as well as otolith function associated with aging, although the magnitude of impairment was greater for the semicircular canals than the otoliths in this elderly population. A better understanding of the specific vestibular deficits that occur with aging can inform the development of rational screening, vestibular rehabilitation, and fall risk reduction strategies in older individuals.
Fluctuations of Intracellular Iron Modulate Elastin Production*

Production of insoluble elastin, the major component of elastic fibers, can be modulated by numerous intrinsic and exogenous factors. Because patients with hemolytic disorders characterized with fluctuations in iron concentration demonstrate defective elastic fibers, we speculated that iron might also modulate elastogenesis. In the present report we demonstrate that treatment of cultured human skin fibroblasts with low concentration of iron 2–20 μm (ferric ammonium citrate) induced a significant increase in the synthesis of tropoelastin and deposition of insoluble elastin. Northern blot and real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that treatment with 20 μm iron led to an increase of ∼3-fold in elastin mRNA levels. Because treatment with an intracellular iron chelator, desferrioxamine, caused a significant decrease in elastin mRNA level and consequent inhibition of elastin deposition, we conclude that iron facilitates elastin gene expression. Our experimental evidence also demonstrates the existence of an opposite effect, in which higher, but not cytotoxic concentrations of iron (100–400 μm) induced the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species that coincided with a significant decrease in elastin message stability and the disappearance of iron-dependent stimulatory effect on elastogenesis. This stimulatory elastogenic effect was reversed, however, in cultures simultaneously treated with high iron concentration (200 μm) and the intracellular hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethylthiourea. Thus, presented data, for the first time, demonstrate the existence of two opposite iron-dependent mechanisms that may affect the steady state of elastin message. We speculate that extreme fluctuations in intracellular iron levels result in impaired elastic fiber production as observed in hemolytic diseases.
Who Would You Most Like to Like? Adolescents' ideals at the beginning and the end of the century

Childrens' and adolescents' ideals were the subject of a number of developmental studies published between 1898 and 1918 in several Western countries. The article reports the results from two recent Norwegian samples, one of about 2500 16-17 year olds (10th graders) in western Norway, and the other on about 200 13-14 year olds (7th graders) in northern Norway. In both studies, participants were asked: 'Who would you most like to be like? ' The results are compared to a similar Norwegian study performed in 1914, and show the following trends: (i) more boys mention public figures, and more girls personal acquaintances, as they did in 1914, especially in the older age group; (ii) the public figures mentioned are almost exclusively sports stars, movie stars and pop artists, in contrast to the historical heroes and writers of the early studies; (iii) 15-25% of respondents in both samples claimed they would most like to be themselves, an answer almost unknown in 1914. They were also asked which human qualities they valued most highly and who possessed these qualities. Despite the popularity of media figures, answers to these questions showed moral and social qualities to be valued more highly than achievement and appearance; in the older age group, parents were most often mentioned as persons with highly valued traits.
Reasoning about functional dependencies generalized for semantic data models

We propose a more general form of functional dependency for semantic data models that derives from their common feature in which the separate notions of domain and relation in the relational model are combined into a single notion of class. This usually results in a richer terminological component for their query languages, whereby terms may navigate through any number of properties, including none. We prove the richer expressiveness of this more general functional dependency, and exhibit a sound and complete set of inference axioms. Although the general problem of decidability of their logical implication remains open at this time, we present decision procedures for cases in which the dependencies included in a schema correspond to keys, or in which the schema itself is acyclic. The theory is then extended to include a form of conjunctive query. Of particular significance is that the query becomes an additional source of functional dependency. Finally, we outline several applications of the theory to various problems in physical design and in query optimization. The applications derive from an ability to predict when a query can have at most one solution.
Attitudes Toward Blacks in the Obama Era Changing Distributions and Impacts on Job Approval and Electoral Choice, 2008–2012

Much published research indicates that voting behavior in the 2008 presidential election and evaluations of Barack Obama were importantly influenced by anti-Black sentiment. Various psychological theories made opposing predictions as to whether exposure to the first Black president during his first term would strengthen or weaken the alignment between general attitudes toward African Americans and evaluations of the president in particular. Using data from national surveys conducted in 2008, 2009-2010, and 2012, we compared the associations of prejudice toward Blacks with presidential approval in those years and with electoral choices in 2008 and 2012. As predicted by theories of individuation, attitudes toward Blacks became increasingly disconnected from evaluations of Mr. Obama and from people's electoral choices over time. However, levels of prejudice against Blacks rose between 2008 and 2012. Because of this increased prejudice and the diminishing individual-level influence of attitudes toward Blacks on electoral choices, prejudice toward Blacks seems to have reduced Mr. Obama's vote share in the 2012 election by about the same extent as in 2008.
Depression and Cognitive Impairment Are Associated with Low Education and Literacy Status and Smoking but Not Caffeine Consumption in Urban African Americans and White Adults.

Background: Recent research has linked caffeine consumption with a lower risk for depression and cognitive decline. However, no studies have examined the relationship in an African American compared to a white, socioeconomically diverse representative urban sample. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional study were used to determine the associations of caffeine use with depressive symptomatology and cognition in a sample of 1,724 participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. The United States Department of Agriculture's Automated Multiple Pass Method was used by trained interviewers to collect two, in-person 24-hour dietary recalls. Depressive symptoms and global cognition were assessed using two well-validated measures: the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressive Scale (CES-D) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), respectively. Usual caffeine intake was based on both recalls. Data were analyzed with t- and chi-square tests, correlation analysis, and ordinal logistic regression. Results: African Americans consumed significantly less caffeine than did whites (89.0±3.2 and 244.0±8.7 mg respectively). Caffeine consumption was not associated with depressive symptomatology or global cognition. Age, less than 5th grade literacy, and less than high school education were significantly associated with both depressive symptoms and cognitive function. Smokers had a 43% greater risk for depression but only a 3% higher risk for cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The low level of dietary caffeine intake in combination with smoking among HANDLS study participants may have influenced the lack of association with depressive symptomatology or global cognition. For this sample, low literacy and education appear more highly associated with depressive symptoms and cognitive function than caffeine intake.