Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structures of Active Fully Assembled Substrate- and Product-Bound Complexes of UDP-N-Acetylmuramic Acid:l-Alanine Ligase (MurC) from Haemophilus influenzae

ABSTRACT UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid:l-alanine ligase (MurC) catalyzes the addition of the first amino acid to the cytoplasmic precursor of the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. The crystal structures of Haemophilus influenzae MurC in complex with its substrate UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid (UNAM) and Mg2+ and of a fully assembled MurC complex with its product UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine (UMA), the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue AMPPNP, and Mn2+ have been determined to 1.85- and 1.7-Å resolution, respectively. These structures reveal a conserved, three-domain architecture with the binding sites for UNAM and ATP formed at the domain interfaces: the N-terminal domain binds the UDP portion of UNAM, and the central and C-terminal domains form the ATP-binding site, while the C-terminal domain also positions the alanine. An active enzyme structure is thus assembled at the common domain interfaces when all three substrates are bound. The MurC active site clearly shows that the γ-phosphate of AMPPNP is positioned between two bound metal ions, one of which also binds the reactive UNAM carboxylate, and that the alanine is oriented by interactions with the positively charged side chains of two MurC arginine residues and the negatively charged alanine carboxyl group. These results indicate that significant diversity exists in binding of the UDP moiety of the substrate by MurC and the subsequent ligases in the bacterial cell wall biosynthesis pathway and that alterations in the domain packing and tertiary structure allow the Mur ligases to bind sequentially larger UNAM peptide substrates.
Classification Techniques in Data Mining-Case Study

Data Mining was a basic technique for examine the data in a choice of perception and categorizes it and finally to compress it. Classification was used to expect cluster relationship for data instances in data mining. Many key types of classification techniques including KNN, Bayesian classification, and Decision tree (DT) induction, C4.5, ID3, SVM, and ANN are used for classification. The major purpose of this assessment was to grant a complete examination of various classification mechanisms in data mining.
OF KOLMOGOROV COMPLEXITY TO COMPUTABLE MODEL THEORY

In this paper we answer the following well-known open question in computable model theory. Does there exist a computable not א0-categorical saturated structure with a unique computable isomorphism type? Our answer is affirmative and uses a construction based on Kolmogorov complexity. With a variation of this construction, we also provide an example of an א1-categorical but not א0-categorical saturated Σ1-structure with a unique computable isomorphism type. In addition, using the construction we give an example of an א1-categorical but not א0-categorical theory whose only non-computable model is the prime one. §
Effect of sparse recovery on centroid estimation for star image

The compressive sensing (CS) theory has represented an attractive perspective that can effectively reduce the sampling rate of star tracker. The star centroid is the key factor relating the star identification and attitude determination. Naturally, there exists a problem that whether the low sampling rate of star tracker can keep the star centroid as its original position to perform the successful star identification. In order to address the problem, this paper analyzes the effect of recovery on star centroid estimation in the sparse representation field. Particularly, a concept of successful rate of star recovery is presented to evaluate the quality of sparse representation on star point. Furthermore, the successful rate is investigated with regard to the following aspects: the sparse representation method, the sparsity and the visual magnitude of stars. The numerical simulation shows that the sparsely recovered star point can keep its centroid to a large extent and meet the requirement of successful star identification, which proves the feasibility of applying CS theory to star tracker.
Shear-wave elastography in breast ultrasonography: the state of the art

Shear-wave elastography (SWE) is a recently developed ultrasound technique that can visualize and measure tissue elasticity. In breast ultrasonography, SWE has been shown to be useful for differentiating benign breast lesions from malignant breast lesions, and it has been suggested that SWE enhances the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography, potentially improving the specificity of conventional ultrasonography using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System criteria. More recently, not only has SWE been proven useful for the diagnosis of breast cancer, but has also been shown to provide valuable information that can be used as a preoperative predictor of the prognosis or response to chemotherapy.
Retrofitting Real-Life Dexcom G5 Data.

BACKGROUND We proposed in 2014 a retrofitting algorithm to retrospectively increase the accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data by using some blood glucose (BG) measurements. The method proved effective on Dexcom SEVEN Plus when about 10 highly accurate YSI measurements/session were available. In this study, we test the method on Dexcom G5 sensor in a more realistic setup, where only five capillary BG measurements (self-monitoring blood glucose [SMBG]) per 12 h-session are available. Furthermore, we investigate how accuracy is affected by the number of BG measurements. METHOD The algorithm was tested in 51 adults and 46 adolescents studied for 7 days with Dexcom G5. Each patient also underwent an ∼12-h hospital admission where frequent SMBG and YSI measurements were collected. First, five SMBGs per 12-h session were used to retrofit the CGM. Then, we varied the number of SMBGs provided to the method from 2 to 10 per 12-h session. RESULT Retrofitted CGM traces with five SMBGs per 12-h session have lower mean absolute difference than original CGM, reduced from 16.2 to 10.7 mg/dL (P < 0.001) in adults and from 17.6 to 11.5 mg/dL (P < 0.001) in adolescents, and mean absolute relative difference is reduced from 9.0% to 6.4% (P < 0.001) in adults and from 10.3% to 6.8% (P < 0.001) in adolescents. Reducing the number of BG measurements reduces improvement in the accuracy from >30% with 10 SMBGs per 12-h session to <16% with 2 SMBGs/day. CONCLUSION The retrofitting method retrospectively improves the accuracy of CGM data, even if applied to one of the most accurate CGM sensors currently available on the market.
( Hymenoptera : Braconidae ) alters the nutrients in the hemolymph , fat body , and cytochemistry of Diatraea flavipennella Box ( Lepidoptera : Crambidae ) hemocytes

Nutritional and physiological interactions depend on the evolutionary history of the host-parasitoid interaction considering that the host’s regulation by the parasitoid is species-specific. Cotesia flavipes Cameron was introduced in Brazil in the 70’s to be used in the control of Diatraea sugarcane borer complex; however, Diatraea flavipennella Box is restricted to Brazil. Thus, this study investigated the possible nutritional changes in the hemolymph and fat body, and cytochemistry of D. flavipennella hemocytes parasitized by Cotesia flavipes. The levels of nutrients were quantified using colorimetric tests in the hemolymph and fat body. Levels of acidic polysaccharides, mucin, and lipids were investigated only in hemocytes using cytochemical techniques. In addition, histological sections of parasitized and non-parasitized caterpillars were prepared to observe volume changes and the presence of glycogen in the fat body. The results showed a reduction in protein and lipid concentration in the hemolymph of parasitized caterpillars. The parasitism reduced the levels of total carbohydrate, glycogen, and protein in the fat body and almost completely consumed the perivisceral fat body. It changed the cytochemistry of hemocytes and reduced acidic glycans in prohemocytes and oenocytoids, mucin in plasmatocytes and granulocytes, and lipids in adipohemocytes, granulocytes, and prohemocytes. We concluded that the presence of the parasitoid leads to different changes in D. flavipennella hemolymph and fat body and alters the cytochemistry of hemocytes causing a significant reduction in the reserve tissue. The results from this study contribute to consolidating the use of C. flavipes in biological control programs targeting D. flavipennella in sugarcane crops.
An examination of priming effects in apolipoprotein E4 carriers with olafactory event related potentials

Possession of ApoE4 is a primary genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Homozygote carriers (E4/E4) have a higher risk and a lower mean age of onset than heterozygote carriers (E4/E3 or E4/E2), though additional genetic as well as environmental factors have impacted treatment and diagnosis. It is necessary to develop measures that are more sensitive to the earliest presence of AD pathology so that individuals at risk might be studied across larger periods of time. The event related potential (ERP) technique, which involves isolating neural responses to stimuli from electroencephalograph recordings, has shown healthy adults generate large negative amplitudes following semantically mismatched stimulus pairs. Individuals experiencing early AD pathogenesis generate a similar but weakened response. This inhibited "priming effect" implies deficient semantic organization may precede clinical diagnosis. Behavioral measures including odor identification and memory confirm the semantic deficit, but earlier than comparable verbal-only measures. This study measured subjects' neural responses following matched or mismatched odor-image pairings through electrophysiological changes in 24 older (ages 65+) (M=69.4, SD= 3.86) ApoE4 male (n=6) and female (n=6) carriers as well as male (n=6) and female (n=6) non-carriers. The subjects were matched for age, education level, and prescreened for olfactory and verbal performance. A monitor displayed a randomized sequence of 28 images; each appeared for 2000ms, followed by one of 14 odors. Every odor was presented once matched and mismatched across the 28 images. Odors were delivered through a continuous air olfactometer for 200ms, with a 30s inter stimulus interval (ISI). Subjects were asked for feedback regarding the congruency of the pairings after one sequence. Hedonic judgments were also recorded at this time through the general labeled magnitude scale (GLMS). The average amplitude occurring within 600-1300ms post odor at 52 electrodes, divided into 8 regions, was subjected to a repeated measures ANOVA. Intra-class correlations compared amplitude and waveshape similarities between subjects. Mismatch trials were more negative than match trials during the 600-1300 ms post odor interval, distributed primarily at posterior electrode sites. The average amplitude on mismatch trials was weakest at right dorsal sites while strongest at right ventral sites in E4 carriers, consistent with a right hemispheric compensatory mechanism. Intra-class correlations indicated that ERPs recorded from male E4 carriers were least correlated with ERPs from females at posterior electrode sites on mismatch trials. Both male and female E4 carriers had strong correlations at right frontal sites on mismatch trials. The OERP data support the hypothesis that metabolic disturbances occur in E4 carriers within brain regions related to AD pathological load. They suggest ApoE status influences processing mechanisms evoked by stimulus congruency, and gender differences contribute.
Space processor radiation mitigation and validation techniques for an 1,800 MIPS processor board

The latest commercial computing performance has been unavailable to the space community because of radiation reliability issues and the time and resources required to bring a radiation hardened version to market. This paper discusses computing performance, radiation mitigation, characterization and testing of a single board computer for space based on the latest IBM 750FX SO1 processor. The architecture, design, error mitigation techniques and radiation testing and evaluation of the design's performance are presented.
Penalised variable selection with U-estimates

U-estimates are defined as maximisers of objective functions that are U-statistics. As an alternative to M-estimates, U-estimates have been extensively used in linear regression, classification, survival analysis, and many other areas. They may rely on weaker data and model assumptions and be preferred over alternatives. In this article, we investigate penalised variable selection with U-estimates. We propose smooth approximations of the objective functions, which can greatly reduce computational cost without affecting asymptotic properties. We study penalised variable selection using penalties that have been well investigated with M-estimates, including the LASSO, adaptive LASSO, and bridge, and establish their asymptotic properties. Generically applicable computational algorithms are described. Performance of the penalised U-estimates is assessed using numerical studies.
Modelling the growth of Shorea robusta using growth ring measurements

This paper presents distance-independent diameter growth models for Sal ( Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) in Kankali Community Forest, Chainpur VDC, Chitwan. As the basis for modelling, stem discs were cut 0.3 m above-ground for a sample of 80 trees that had recently been felled. Growth rings were measured along four radii and, except for the outer part of a few discs originating from old trees, individual growth rings could be distinguished without major difficulty. Supplementary data were gathered as a basis for preparing models relating [i] diameter under bark to diameter on bark and [ii] diameter 0.3 m above-ground to diameter 1.3 m above-ground. Based on these data, auxiliary models were developed and used to convert growth ring measurements into diameter increment at breast height. The mean diameter increment was 0.87 cm/year (n = 1514) and the standard deviation was 0.33 cm/year. The relationships between diameter increment and current diameter, stem age, growth in previous years, rainfall and temperature were modelled. Four different models were presented. Rainfall during the growth season, particularly the months of May-July, proved to influence growth considerably and suggests a scope for dendroclimatological studies in Sal. Key words : Climate change; community forestry; diameter growth models; effect of rainfall; growth ring measurements DOI: 10.3126/banko.v19i2. 2982 Banko Janakari , Vol. 19, No.2 2009 pp.25-32
Preserving network privacy with a hierarchical structure approach

With the development of Internet technologies, the influences on people's lives of online social networks (OSN) gradually increase. These OSNs often contain sensitive information, such as the social contacts in the email, the personal consumption records in the e-commerce and so on. Therefore, the disclosure of such information would lead to violation of personal privacy. In this paper, we propose a differential privacy approach based on a hierarchical network model. The OSN structure is obtained by the hierarchical random graph (HRG) model. The differential privacy is guaranteed by a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sample method. MCMC method ensures the utility of network data. The results of the experiment on two real world datasets show that our approach can effectively protect the critical information on the network while maintaining a good data utility.
Using multi-temporal analysis to classify monthly precipitation based on maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform

In the present study, a hybrid methodology was proposed in which temporal pre-processing and spatial classification approaches were used in a way to take advantage of multiscale properties of precipitation series. Monthly precipitation data (1960–2010) for 31 rain gauges were used in the proposed classification approaches. Maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) was used to capture the time–frequency attributes of the time series and multiscale regionalization was performed by using self-organizing maps (SOM) clustering model. Daubechies 2 function was selected as mother wavelet to decompose the precipitation time series. Also, proper boundary extensions and decomposition level were applied. Different combinations of the wavelet (W) and scaling (V) coefficients were used to determine the input dataset as a basis of spatial clustering. Four input combinations were determined as single-cycle and the remaining four combinations were determined with multi-temporal dataset. These combinations were determined in a way to cover all possible scales captured from MODWT. The proposed model's efficiency in spatial clustering stage was verified using Silhouette Coefficient index. Results demonstrated superior performance of MODWT-SOM in comparison to historical-based SOM approach. It was observed that the clusters captured by MODWT-SOM approach determined homogenous precipitation areas very well (based on physical analysis).
Decreased Cerebral Perfusion in Carotid Artery Stenosis, Carotid Angioplasty and Its Effects on Cerebral Circulation

Two major mechanisms are involved in cerebral ischemia (Mohr et al., 1997). Cerebral perfusion failure may occur as the result of flow reduction mediated by stenosis or occlusive vascular damage such as that arising from atheroma plaques that affect the carotid bulb. Perfusion failure affects the distal territories, and it is known as a watershed infarction. The second mechanism of cerebral ischemia is artery-to-artery embolism, which is considered to be the main cause of ischemia associated with plaques in the larger arteries. There are thrombosis in situ and embolic infarctions associated with these plaques, which usually involve the occlusion of intracranial distal vessels.
Routine ultrasound in late pregnancy (after 24 weeks gestation).

BACKGROUND Diagnostic ultrasound is used selectively in late pregnancy where there are specific clinical indications. However, the value of routine late pregnancy ultrasound screening in unselected populations is controversial. The rationale for such screening would be the detection of clinical conditions which place the fetus or mother at high risk, which would not necessarily have been detected by other means such as clinical examination, and for which subsequent management would improve perinatal outcome. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects on obstetric practice and pregnancy outcome of routine late pregnancy ultrasound, defined as greater than 24 weeks gestation, in women with either unselected or low risk pregnancies. SEARCH STRATEGY The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Specialised Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched. SELECTION CRITERIA All acceptably controlled trials of routine ultrasound in late pregnancy (defined as after 24 weeks). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The principal reviewer assessed trial quality and extracted data, under supervision of the co-reviewer. MAIN RESULTS Seven trials recruiting 25,036 women were included. The quality of trials overall was satisfactory. There was no difference in antenatal, obstetric and neonatal intervention or morbidity in screened versus control groups. Routine late pregnancy ultrasound was not associated with improvements in overall perinatal mortality. Placental grading as an adjunct to third trimester examination scan was associated with a significant reduction in the stillbirth rate in the one trial that assessed it. There is a lack of data with regard to long term substantive outcomes such as neurodevelopment. There is a lack of data on maternal psychological effects. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Based on existing evidence, routine late pregnancy ultrasound in low risk or unselected populations does not confer benefit on mother or baby. There is a lack of data about the potential psychological effects of routine ultrasound in late pregnancy, and the effects on both short and long term neonatal and childhood outcome. Placental grading in the third trimester may be valuable, but whether reported results are reproducible remains to be seen, and future research of late pregnancy ultrasound should include evaluation of placental textural assessment.
Aslib Journal of Information Management A Study on the Multidimensional Information Management Capability of Knowledge Workers

Purpose: Drawing upon the extant literature from information systems (IS), information science, psychology, marketing, management, and IT training, the present research proposes information management capability (IMC) construct and its sub-dimensions. Design/methodology/approach: New instruments were developed and validated to measure the proposed IMC constructs. The proposed model was empirically tested using the data collected from 120 knowledge workers using SPSS and PLS. Findings: This research proposes and confirms that IMC has formative sub-dimensions such as sensing, collecting, organizing, processing, and maintaining. Originality/value: The study findings provide important insights on enhancing knowledge workers’ information management practices and subsequent knowledge management practices. The new instruments can be used as diagnostic tools for knowledge workers’ recruiting, ongoing assessment, and training.
An Evaluation of the Well at Dell Health Management Program: Health Risk Change and Financial Return on Investment

Purpose. To investigate the effectiveness of the Well at Dell comprehensive health management program in delivering health care and productivity cost savings relative to program investment (i.e., return on investment). Design. A quasi-experimental design was used to quantify the financial impact of the program and nonexperimental pre-post design to evaluate change in health risks. Setting. Ongoing worksite health management program implemented across multiple U.S. locations. Subjects. Subjects were 24,651 employees with continuous medical enrollment in 2010–2011 who were eligible for 2011 health management programming. Intervention. Incentive-driven, outcomes-based multicomponent corporate health management program including health risk appraisal (HRA)/wellness, lifestyle management, and disease management coaching programs. Measures. Medical, pharmacy, and short-term disability pre/post expenditure trends adjusted for demographics, health status, and baseline costs. Self-reported health risks from repeat HRA completers. Analysis. Propensity score–weighted and multivariate regression–adjusted comparison of baseline to post trends in health care expenditures and productivity costs for program participants and nonparticipants (i.e., difference in difference) relative to programmatic investment. Results. The Well at Dell program achieved an overall return on investment of 2.48 in 2011. Most of the savings were realized from the HRA/wellness component of the program. Cost savings were supported with high participation and significant health risk improvement. Conclusion. An incentive-driven, well-managed comprehensive corporate health management program can continue to achieve significant health improvement while promoting health care and productivity cost savings in an employee population.
Government Domain Named Entity Recognition for South African Languages

This paper describes the named entity language resources developed as part of a development project for the South African languages. The development efforts focused on creating protocols and annotated data sets with at least 15,000 annotated named entity tokens for ten of the official South African languages. The description of the protocols and annotated data sets provide an overview of the problems encountered during the annotation of the data sets. Based on these annotated data sets, CRF named entity recognition systems are developed that leverage existing linguistic resources. The newly created named entity recognisers are evaluated, with F-scores of between 0.64 and 0.77, and error analysis is performed to identify possible avenues for improving the quality of the systems.