Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing the BIO Questionnaire: A Bilingual Parent Report Tool for Prekindergarten English Learners of Latino Heritage

With the increasing number of preschool-age children of Latino heritage entering U.S. schools comes a growing need to accurately determine children's individual needs and identify potential disabilities, beginning with the screening process. Unfortunately, teachers face many challenges when screening English language learners. Often, parents have important information that can contribute to teachers’ understanding of children's development, but there are limited tools available to collect information from parents. The Formulario Familiar Bilingue de Información Formulario y Observación/Family Bilingual Information & Observation (BIO) Questionnaire is a new parent report tool that can be used to collect information from parents of Latino heritage concerning their child's language development history, current language usage, and exposure to Spanish and English. A multiphase research study was conducted to collect formative data and to establish construct validity for the questionnaire. Results from a focus group, pilot study, and face validity review provided numerous suggestions to improve the tool, and established that the BIO is a viable means to collect parent perspectives on their own children's language development.
Mobile Payment Pattern Based on Multiple Trusted Platforms - China Case

With the fast development of mobile business, mobile payment is becoming widely available. Although there is a wealth of academic literature examining mobile payment, the existing mobile payment processes are lack of trust mechanisms, and there are no unified standards for physical and virtual mobile payments. Furthermore, in current mobile payment pattern, applications are difficult to be connected with banks. To solve this problem, this paper gives a general framework of online mobile payment and presents a new mobile payment pattern which advocates stratified extension and cascading agent based on stable and credible platform group. It also proposes a cross-bank unified payment platform to solve the difficulties of connection to banks. As a result, we can get regular, effective and monitoring payment process which is of great maneuverability. The mobile payment process will be more reasonable and the transaction will be more secure.
Violent Video Game Effects on Children and Adolescents: Theory, Research, and Public Policy

PART I. INTRODUCTION 1. Violent Video Games: Background and Overview 2. Effects of Exposure to Violent Entertainment Media 3. The General Aggression Model PART II. NEW STUDIES 4. Study 1: Experimental Study of Violent Video Games with Elementary School and College Students 5. Study 2: Correlational Study with High School Students 6. Study 3: Longitudinal Study with Elementary School Students 7. Risk Factor Illustrations PART III. GENERAL DISCUSSION (WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN? ) 8. New Findings and Their Implications 9. Interpretations and Public Policy 10. Reducing Violent Video Game Effects Appendix 1: Best Practices Coding Appendix 2: Video Game Ratings
Phenotype-genotype relationships in peroxisome biogenesis disorders of PEX1-defective complementation group 1 are defined by Pex1p-Pex6p interaction.

The peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs), including Zellweger syndrome (ZS), neonatal adrenoleucodystrophy (NALD) and infantile Refsum disease (IRD), are fatal autosomal recessive diseases caused by impaired peroxisome biogenesis, of which 12 genotypes have been reported. ZS patients manifest the severest clinical and biochemical abnormalities, whereas those with NALD and IRD show less severity and the mildest features respectively. We have reported previously that temperature-sensitive peroxisome assembly is responsible for the mildness of the clinical features of IRD. PEX1 is the causative gene for PBDs of complementation group E (CG-E, CG1 in the U.S.A. and Europe), the PBDs of highest incidence, encoding the peroxin Pex1p of the AAA ATPase family. It has been also reported that Pex1p and Pex6p interact with each other. In the present study we investigated phenotype-genotype relationships of CG1 PBDs. Pex1p from IRD such as Pex1p with the most frequently identified mutation at G843D was largely degraded in vivo at 37 degrees C, whereas a normal level of Pex1p was detectable at the permissive temperature. In contrast, PEX1 proteins derived from ZS patients, including proteins with a mutation at L664P or the deletion of residues 634-690, were stably present at both temperatures. Pex1p-G843D interacted with Pex6p at approx. 50% of the level of normal Pex1p, whereas Pex1p from ZS patients mostly showing non-temperature-sensitive peroxisome biogenesis hardly bound to Pex6p. Taking these results together, we consider it most likely that the stability of Pex1p reflects temperature-sensitive peroxisome assembly in IRD fibroblasts. Failure in Pex1p-Pex6p interaction gives rise to more severe abnormalities, such as those manifested by patients with ZS.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus K3 Utilizes the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Routing Class I Major Histocompatibility Complexes to Late Endocytic Compartments

ABSTRACT Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) downregulates major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I complexes from the plasma membrane via two of its genes, K3 and K5. The N termini of K3 and K5 contain a plant homeodomain (PHD) predicted to be structurally similar to RING domains found in E3 ubiquitin ligases. In view of the importance of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in sorting within the endocytic pathway, we analyzed its role in downregulation of MHC class I complexes in cells expressing K3. Proteasome inhibitors as well as cysteine and aspartyl protease inhibitors stabilize MHC class I complexes in cells expressing K3. However, proteasome inhibitors differentially affect sorting of MHC class I complexes within the endocytic pathway and prevent their delivery to a dense endosomal compartment. In this compartment, the cytoplasmic tail of MHC class I complexes is cleaved by cysteine proteases. The complex is then cleaved within the plane of the membrane by an aspartyl protease, resulting in a soluble MHC class I fragment composed of the lumenal domain of the heavy chain, β2-microglobulin (β2m), and peptide. We conclude that K3 not only directs internalization, but also targets MHC class I complexes to a dense endocytic compartment on the way to lysosomes in a ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent manner.
Role of SP1-binding domains in in vivo transcriptional regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat

Five regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) have been shown to be important in the transcriptional regulation of HIV in HeLa cells. These include the negative regulatory, enhancer, SP1, TATA, and TAR regions. Previous studies in which purified SP1 was used showed that the three SP1-binding sites in the HIV LTR were important in the in vitro transcription of this promoter. However, no studies to ascertain the role of each of these SP1-binding sites in basal and tat-induced transcriptional activation in vivo have been reported. To determine the role of SP1 sites in transcriptional regulation of the HIV LTR in vivo, these sites were subjected to oligonucleotide mutagenesis both individually and in groups. The constructs were tested by DNase I footprinting with both oligonucleotide affinity column-purified SP1 and partially purified HeLa extract and by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays in both the presence and absence of the tat gene. Mutagenesis of each SP1-binding site resulted in minimal changes in basal and tat-induced transcriptional activation. Mutations involving alterations of SP1 sites I and II, I and III, or II and III also resulted in minimal decreases in basal and tat-induced transcriptional activation. However, mutagenesis of all three SP1-binding sites resulted in a marked decrease in tat induction. The latter mutation also greatly decreased DNase I protection over the enhancer, TATA, and TAR regions when partially purified HeLa nuclear extract was used. Mutagenesis of the HIV LTR SP1 sites which converted them to consensus high-affinity SP1-binding sites with the sequence GGGGCGGGGC resulted in increased tat-induced gene expression compared with the wild-type HIV LTR template. These results suggest that SP1, through its interaction with other DNA-binding proteins, is critical for in vivo transcriptional regulation of HIV.
A New Method of Finding All Justifications in OWL 2 EL

Finding justifications for an entailment in an OWL ontology is an important reasoning service in the development and maintenance of OWL ontologies. In this paper, we consider the problem of finding all the justifications of an entailment in description logic EL+, which underpins OWL 2 EL. Our method for computing all the justifications utilizes the classification result of an EL+ ontology by an OWL EL reasoner. We first give an algorithm for finding all the justifications of an entailment by constructing an explanation dependency graph from the entailment and the classification result. We then propose some pruning strategies to optimize this algorithm. We implement a prototype system by using the multi-core technology. The experimental results show that in many cases, our optimized algorithm outperforms an existing algorithm for finding all the justifications for an entailment in EL+ that is optimized with the module extraction technology.
An Emerging Professional Identity: Influences on the Achievement of High-Ability First-Generation College Females

Using a qualitative interview design, this study examined factors contributing to the academic achievement of gifted first-generation college females. Findings indicated an emerging professional identity as the primary influence on achievement. The participants' high ability served as a passport to accessing coursework, extracurricular experiences, and high-achieving friends who helped shape this emerging professional identity. Personal characteristics developed from their working-class backgrounds, including independence and a strong work ethic, were also found to be influential. Finally, the participants expressed a desire to explore their identities, even when this meant forming values different from those of their families and hometown communities. Implications of these findings are discussed, including suggestions for future research and recommendations for parents, counselors, and educators of gifted first-generation college females.
Adaptive Control of Epileptic Seizures using Reinforcement Learning

This thesis presents a new methodology for automatically learning an optimal neurostimulation strategy for the treatment of epilepsy. The technical challenge is to automatically modulate neurostimulation parameters, as a function of the observed field potential recording, so as to minimize the frequency and duration of seizures. The methodology leverages recent techniques from the machine learning literature, in particular the reinforcement learning paradigm, to formalize this optimization problem. We present an algorithm which is able to learn an adaptive neurostimulation strategy directly from labeled training data acquired from animal brain tissues. Our results suggest that this methodology can be used to automatically find a stimulation strategy which effectively reduces the incidence of seizures, while also minimizing the amount of stimulation applied. This work highlights the crucial role that modern machine learning techniques can play in the optimization of treatment strategies for patients with chronic disorders such as epilepsy.
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR POWER-CONSTRAINED CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT FOR EMISSIVE DISPLAYS BASED ON HISTOGRAM EQUALIZATION

 The proposed work presents a power-constrained contrast-enhancement algorithm for emissive displays based on histogram equalization (HE). To reduce the overstretching artifacts of the conventional HE log-based histogram is applied. Power-consumption model is developed for emissive displays and formulate an objective function that contain power term and histogram-equalizing term. Proposed algorithm provides contrast enhancement and power saving. Proposed algorithm is extend to enhance video sequences, as well as still images contrast and perceptual quality.
Re: Impact of Ramadan on treatment of psychosis

100mg/l. The mechanism of death in these cases is usually ventricular fibrillation. Although caffeine overdose is not commonly seen in clinical practice, the medical literature documents a number of cases of caffeine-related fatality. In one case series, a 31 year old man was documented as having committed suicide with 100 caffeine tablets (1 OOmg); this is equivalent to about 75 cups of coffee. His blood caffeine level was found to be 153mg/l . This level of consumption of coffee is obviously unlikely to occur in a short enough time span to raise blood caffeine to a dangerous level. However, with high-dose caffeine tablets, it is quite another matter.
Fourier Transform Far-Infrared Spectroscopy of the NH2, NHD, and ND2 Radicals

The gas-phase far-infrared absorption spectra of the NH2, NHD, and ND2 radicals have been observed in the 51-366 cm-1 region with a high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer. The NH2 radical was generated in a multiple-traversal absorption cell by a dc discharge in an NH3 and Ar mixture. A discharge in an NH3, D2, and Ar mixture was used for production of NHD and ND2. The observed spectra with a resolved fine structure were analyzed by Watson's A-reduced Hamiltonian including a spin-rotation interaction term. The rotational and spin-rotation constants were determined to higher order. In the same experiment of NH2, the rotational spectrum of the NH radical was also observed. From the rotational constants, inertia defect Delta and r0 structure were determined, as follows, with one standard deviation in parentheses:NH2ND2r0 (A)1.0245(37)1.0239(19)theta0 (degree)103.34(51)103.33(27)Deltaobs (amuA2)0.049561(4)0.06770(4);Dgr;calc (amuA2)0.0476530. 066566 Copyright 1997Academic Press
Improved Assessment of Denitrifying, N2-Fixing, and Total-Community Bacteria by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Using Multiple Restriction Enzymes

ABSTRACT A database of terminal restriction fragments (tRFs) of the 16S rRNA gene was set up utilizing 13 restriction enzymes and 17,327 GenBank sequences. A computer program, termed TReFID, was developed to allow identification of any of these 17,327 sequences by means of polygons generated from the specific tRFs of each bacterium. The TReFID program complements and exceeds in its data content the Web-based phylogenetic assignment tool recently described by A. D. Kent, D. J. Smith, B. J. Benson, and E. W. Triplett (Appl. Environ. Microb. 69:6768-6766, 2003). The method to identify bacteria is different, as is the region of the 16S rRNA gene employed in the present program. For the present communication the software of the tRF profiles has also been extended to allow screening for genes coding for N2 fixation (nifH) and denitrification (nosZ) in any bacterium or environmental sample. A number of controls were performed to test the reliability of the TReFID program. Furthermore, the TReFID program has been shown to permit the analysis of the bacterial population structure of bacteria by means of their 16S rRNA, nifH, and nosZ gene content in an environmental habitat, as exemplified for a sample from a forest soil. The use of the TReFID program reveals that noncultured denitrifying and dinitrogen-fixing bacteria might play a more dominant role in soils than believed hitherto.
A simple and novel method for measuring the chirp parameter of an intensity modulated light source

A new and simple method of measuring the chirp parameter /spl alpha/ of a modulated light source is presented. The technique involves modulating the optical source in a particular manner, and then directly examining the resulting optical spectrum. This experimental measurement technique allows us to directly measure the phase of the optical signal in the frequency domain. In addition, the method is very easy and accurate. Experimental results demonstrate the use of this measurement technique for measuring the chirp parameter of a source modulated at 10 GHz.
Architecture of queued-free crossbar for on-chip networks

The multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) uses multiple CPUs along with other hardware subsystems to implement a system. So on-chip communication requirements of many systems are best served through the deployment of a regular chip-wide network. This paper presents the design of a crossbar for network router for such applications. Simulations illustrate how the performance and area of whole router can extremely depend on the performance of crossbar.
A new theory of deadlock-free adaptive multicast routing in wormhole networks

A theory for the design of deadlock-free adaptive routing algorithms for wormhole networks has been proposed previously. This theory supplies the sufficient conditions for an adaptive routing algorithm to be deadlock-free, even when there are cyclic dependencies between channels. Also, two design methodologies have been proposed. Multicast communication refers to the delivery of the same message from one source node to an arbitrary number of destination nodes. Two multicast wormhole routing methods have been presented previously for multicomputers with 2D-mesh and hypercube topologies. This paper develops the theoretical background for the design of deadlock-free adaptive multicast routing algorithms for wormhole networks. Some basic definitions and two theorems are proposed, developing conditions to verify that an adaptive multicast routing algorithm is deadlock-free, even when there are cyclic dependencies between channels. As an example, the multicast routing algorithms presented previously are extended, so that they can take advantage of the alternative paths offered by the network. <<ETX>>
What Makes Voters Turn Out: The Effects of Polls and Beliefs

We use laboratory experiments to test for one of the foundations of the rational voter paradigm - that voters respond to probabilities of being pivotal. We exploit a setup that entails stark theoretical effects of information concerning the preference distribution (as revealed through polls) on costly participation decisions. The data reveal several insights. First, voting propensity increases systematically with subjects' predictions of their preferred alternative's advantage. Consequently, pre-election polls do not exhibit the detrimental welfare effects that extant theoretical work predicts. They lead to more participation by the expected majority and generate more landslide elections. Finally, we investigate subjects' behavior in polls and identify when Bandwagon and Underdog Effects arise.
Beyond the sensory/functional dichotomy

Most current theories of category-specific semantic deficits appeal to the role of sensory and functional knowledge types in explaining patients' impairments. We discuss why this binary classification is inadequate, point to a more detailed knowledge type taxonomy, and suggest how it may provide insight into the relationships between category-specific semantic deficits and impairments of specific aspects of knowledge.
A Classification Refinement Strategy for Semantic Segmentation

Based on the observation that semantic segmentation errors are partially predictable, we propose a compact formulation using confusion statistics of the trained classifier to refine (re-estimate) the initial pixel label hypotheses. The proposed strategy is contingent upon computing the classifier confusion probabilities for a given dataset and estimating a relevant prior on the object classes present in the image to be classified. We provide a procedure to robustly estimate the confusion probabilities and explore multiple prior definitions. Experiments are shown comparing performances on multiple challenging datasets using different priors to improve a state-of-the-art semantic segmentation classifier. This study demonstrates the potential to significantly improve semantic labeling and motivates future work for reliable label prior estimation from images.
A Bibliography of Randomized Controlled Experiments in Social Work (1949–2013)

A strong theme in the social work literature contends that randomized experiments are an impractical, inappropriate, unethical, and rarely undertaken research method for use in social work. In a test of this claim, the author undertook a review of the English-language published literature and prepared a provisional bibliography of primary social work studies that used experimental methodology. Astonishingly, over 740 such studies were located, with the first being published in 1949. The existence of this large experimental social work literature has been largely unrecognized, in part, because much of it has appeared in a diverse array of journals associated with other disciplines. It is no longer tenable to claim that experiments are either impractical or inappropriate as a social work research method of value in making causal inferences. This bibliography will be amended in coming years, and subsequent analyses of the types of problems and interventions, which are the focus of these studies, will add to the empirical foundations of social work practice.
Parents are able to implement interventions for social and communication skills for children with autism spectrum disorders, but questions regarding social validity, generalization, cultural factors, and treatment fidelity remain

This review provides a summary and appraisal commentary on the treatment review by Meadan, H. , Ostrosky, M. M. , Zaghlawan, H. Y. , & Yu, S. Y. (2009). Promoting the social and communicative behavior of young children with autism spectrum disorders: A review of parent-implemented intervention studies. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 29, 90–104. Source of funding and disclosure of interest: No source of funding reported, and the original authors of this research report no conflicts of interest.
RVM Based Human Fall Analysis for Video Surveillance Applications

For the safety of the elderly people, developed countries need to establish new healthcare systems to ensure their safety at home. Computer vision and video surveillance provides a promising solution to analyze personal behavior and detect certain unusual events such as falls. The main fall detection problem is to recognize a fall among all the daily life activities, especially sitting down and crouching down activities which have similar characteristics to falls (especially a large vertical velocity). In this study, a method is proposed to detect falls by analyzing human shape deformation during a video sequence. In this study, Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) is used to detect the fall of an individual based on the results obtained from torso angle through skeletonization. Experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is efficient. Further it is computationally inexpensive.