Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Opinion Mining and Name Entity Detection from News Comments

The world is engulfed in different social events and conflicts. These events can have serious repercussions, not only on the geographical entity or time in which it is involved, but can affect the entire world across different time spans. Considering the 2 great world-wars [1], the conflicts in Korea, Vietnam, Bangladesh and more recently in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria and Egypt [2], such social uprisings don’t only affect their respective countries but have far reaching effects on the dynamics of politics and economics across the globe.
Effects of Palmitoylethanolamide on Signaling Pathways Implicated in the Development of Spinal Cord Injury

Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, modulates inflammation and tissue injury events associated with spinal cord trauma in mice. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), the naturally occurring amide of palmitic acid and ethanolamine, reduces pain and inflammation through a mechanism dependent on PPAR-α activation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the PEA on secondary damage induced by experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice. SCI was induced by application of vascular clips to the dura mater via a four-level T5-T8 laminectomy. This resulted in severe trauma characterized by edema, neutrophil infiltration, and production of inflammatory mediators, tissue damage, and apoptosis. Repeated PEA administration (10 mg/kg i.p.; 30 min before and 1 and 6 h after SCI) significantly reduced: 1) the degree of spinal cord inflammation and tissue injury, 2) neutrophil infiltration, 3) nitrotyrosine formation, 4) proinflammatory cytokine expression, 5) nuclear transcription factor activation-κB activation, 6) inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression, and 6) apoptosis. Moreover, PEA treatment significantly ameliorated the recovery of motor limb function. Together, the results indicate that PEA reduces inflammation and tissue injury associated with SCI and suggest a regulatory role for endogenous PPAR-α signaling in the inflammatory response associated with spinal cord trauma.
Studies on Microbial Degradation of Natural Rubber Using Dilute Solution Viscosity Measurement and Weight Loss Techniques

Dilute solution viscosity, Microbial degradation, Natural rubber, Nocardia sp, Weight loss Reduction of molecular weight of rubber polymers fo r easy absorption of compounding ingredients is critical in every rubber compounding operation. Yet, rubber mastication which is the current practice of achieving this is expensive, requiring high energy and equipment cost. To addres s this problem, microbial degradation of natural rubber (NR) and waste rubber tire (WRT) by Nocardia sp. strain 385A was studied using dilute solution visco sity measurement and weight loss methods. Solutions of NR and WRT in toluene we re inoculated with the microbes (Nocardia sp. strain 385A) and kept in inc ubator. Incubation period varied between 0 to 10 weeks. The results obtained show that NR and WRT were mineralized and degraded by the microbes. Intrinsic viscosity values of both NR and WRT decreased with increasing period of incubat ion, indicating that degradation increases with increase in the incubati on period. For the incubation periods investigated, WRT produced higher intrinsic viscosity values than NR due to the inhibitory effect of additives present in WR T to microbial degradation. Equivalent reduction in molecular weight obtained b y rubber mastication technique was achieved by microbial degradation aft er 10 weeks incubation period. Rubber degrading bacteria can be useful for the disposal of discarded rubber products
Is peer-to-peer secure enough for corporate use?

Peer-to-peer technology is being used more frequently for corporate activities. Many large vendors are beginning to integrate P2P applications with the core business programs they sell, such as their customer-relationship management systems. If vendors agree on a solid, standards-based, widely supported infrastructure that provides interoperability and platform independence, corporate P2P adoption could increase even more. However, now that P2P is being used for more important functions, security has become a critical issue.
Aquatic and land aerobic training for patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized study

Purpose. the study aimed to verify the influence of aerobic training environment on pain, disability, and oxygen uptake in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods. the randomized study involved 14 patients of both sexes, with chronic low back pain. One group performed deep-water walking/running and the other practised land walking/running, both with moderate intensity. Pain, disability, peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ), and second ventilatory threshold oxygen uptake (VO 2Vt2 ) were assessed before and after the intervention. Results. Decreases in pain and disability were observed in both groups, without differences between them. VO 2peak and VO 2Vt2 did not change in either group after the training. Conclusions. Aerobic exercise training of moderate intensity seems to be effective in improving pain symptoms and reducing disability among people with chronic low back pain, independently of the environment in which it is performed.
CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING METHODS AND VALUATION MODELS OF EQUITY COST OF THE COMPANIES

For the enterprises, capitals are fewer and fewer and more expensive, and the expected profit in conditions of fierce competition, are more difficult, being accompanied by increasing risks more difficult to predict.The cost is the highest risk element, which accompanies the capital, because, is in inverse proportion to the profit: a higher cost leads to a lower profit. For attracting the sources of capital, a firm must spend certain sums, which are proportional to their price. The content of this paper tries an efficiency of financial structure for companies based on the minimizing of finance costs.In the purpose of efficiency of financial structure has followed the costs for variant of financial structure through point out models of analyses and assemble the costs recommended by international and national specialty literature.
Current Understanding of the Correlation of Lignin Structure with Biomass Recalcitrance

Lignin, a complex aromatic polymer in terrestrial plants, contributes significantly to biomass recalcitrance to microbial and/or enzymatic deconstruction. To reduce biomass recalcitrance, substantial endeavors have been exerted on pretreatment and lignin engineering in the past few decades. Lignin removal and/or alteration of lignin structure have been shown to result in reduced biomass recalcitrance with improved cell wall digestibility. While high lignin content is usually a barrier to a cost-efficient application of bioresources to biofuels, the direct correlation of lignin structure and its concomitant properties with biomass remains unclear due to the complexity of cell wall and lignin structure. Advancement in application of biorefinery to production of biofuels, chemicals, and bio-derived materials necessitates a fundamental understanding of the relationship of lignin structure and biomass recalcitrance. In this mini-review, we focus on recent investigations on the influence of lignin chemical properties on bioprocessability—pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass. Specifically, lignin-enzyme interactions and the effects of lignin compositional units, hydroxycinnamates, and lignin functional groups on biomass recalcitrance have been highlighted, which will be useful not only in addressing biomass recalcitrance but also in deploying renewable lignocelluloses efficiently.
CaspR: a web server for automated molecular replacement using homology modelling

Molecular replacement (MR) is the method of choice for X-ray crystallography structure determination when structural homologues are available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Although the success rate of MR decreases sharply when the sequence similarity between template and target proteins drops below 35% identical residues, it has been found that screening for MR solutions with a large number of different homology models may still produce a suitable solution where the original template failed. Here we present the web tool CaspR, implementing such a strategy in an automated manner. On input of experimental diffraction data, of the corresponding target sequence and of one or several potential templates, CaspR executes an optimized molecular replacement procedure using a combination of well-established stand-alone software tools. The protocol of model building and screening begins with the generation of multiple structure-sequence alignments produced with T-COFFEE, followed by homology model building using MODELLER, molecular replacement with AMoRe and model refinement based on CNS. As a result, CaspR provides a progress report in the form of hierarchically organized summary sheets that describe the different stages of the computation with an increasing level of detail. For the 10 highest-scoring potential solutions, pre-refined structures are made available for download in PDB format. Results already obtained with CaspR and reported on the web server suggest that such a strategy significantly increases the fraction of protein structures which may be solved by MR. Moreover, even in situations where standard MR yields a solution, pre-refined homology models produced by CaspR significantly reduce the time-consuming refinement process. We expect this automated procedure to have a significant impact on the throughput of large-scale structural genomics projects. CaspR is freely available at http://igs-server.cnrs-mrs.fr/Caspr/.
Mid-Infrared line diagnostics of active galaxies - A spectroscopic AGN survey with ISO-SWS

We present medium resolution (R 1500) ISO-SWS 2.4-45m spectra of a sample of 29 galaxies with active nuclei. This data set is rich in fine structure emission lines tracing the narrow line regions and (circum-)nuclear star formation regions, and it provides a coherent spectroscopic reference for future extragalactic studies in the mid-infrared. We use the data set to briefly discuss the physical conditions in the narrow line regions (density, temperature, excitation, line profiles) and to test for possible dierences between AGN sub-types. Our main focus is on new tools for determining the properties of dusty galaxies and on the AGN-starburst connection. We present mid-IR line ratio diagrams which can be used to identify composite (starburst+ AGN) sources and to distinguish between emission excited by active nuclei and emission from (circum-nuclear) star forming regions. For instance, line ratios of high to low excitation lines like (O IV)25.9m/(Ne II)12.8m, that have been used to probe for AGNs in dusty objects, can be examined in more detail and with better statistics now. In addition, we present two- dimensional diagnostic diagrams that are fully analogous to classical optical diagnostic diagrams, but better suited for objects with high extinction. Finally, we discuss correlations of mid-infrared line fluxes to the mid- and far-infrared continuum. We compare these relations to similar relations in starburst galaxies in order to examine the contribution of AGNs to the bolometric luminosities of their host galaxies. The spectra are available in electronic form from the authors.
A Tale of Two Tails: Using Options to Forecast the Movement of Stocks

Stock markets failed to predict the current decline of the economy. In 2007, almost all the major indices were performing well. However, clearly something bad was about to occur. In this paper we shall show that by exploring the information contained in option prices one can find a different story. A key tool introduced in this paper is a new quantity which measures the Bullish or Bearish nature of the financial market and an option formula based on a new distribution. Combining these tools enables us to explore the potential power of option prices to predict movements of the underlying asset. Using option data from 2007 and from 12 major companies and the S & P 500 Index in the US financial market, our approach successfully forecasts the bearish behavior of these stocks in the year 2008. The result suggests that this new approach might provide useful predictions for the trend of the underlying asset.
Mobile real-time arousal detection

We introduce a mobile system that is able to detect arousal in realtime based on electrocardiogram and electrodermal activity. The system is using an Android smartphone and wearable sensors, which include a smart watch and a heart rate belt that gather skin conductance and heart rate data, respectively. Algorithms for processing the skin conductance and heart rate data, as well as an automated method for labeling the collected `arousal' and `non-arousal' experimental data are developed. Small-scale user tests show 84% 10-fold, 83% between-subject, and 68% new-subject arousal detection accuracy.
Multilayer Consensus ECC-Based Password Authenticated Key-Exchange (MCEPAK) Protocol for Smart Grid System

This paper aims at providing a key agreement protocol for smart grid to cope with access control of appliances/devices located inside a Home Area Network (HAN) by a set of controllers outside the HAN. The commands/packets initiated by the controllers in crisis cases should be delivered fast and immune from any interruption. The HAN controller, which acts as a gateway, should not cause any delay by decrypting and re-encrypting the packets, nor should it has any chance to modify them. Considering the required level of security and quality of service, we design our protocol with an Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) approach. We improve and implement the Password Authenticated Key Exchange (PAKE) protocol in two steps. First, we propose an auxiliary mechanism that is an ECC version of PAKE, and then extend it to a multilayer consensus model. We reduce the number of hash functions to one, and utilize a primitive password shared between an appliance and HAN controller to construct four valid individual consensus and authenticated symmetric keys between the appliance and upstream controllers by exchanging only 12 packets. Security analysis presents that our protocol is resilient to various attacks. Furthermore, performance analysis shows that the delay caused by the security process is reduced by more than one half.
The conversion of plant nitrogen to microbial nitrogen in the rumen of the sheep

An estimate of the extent of conversion of plant nitrogen to microbial nitrogen in the rumen of sheep fed on wheaten hay was reported in an earlier communication (Gray & Pilgrim, 1953). The basis of separation of plant from microbial material was simply the filtration of the rumen contents through muslin with subsequent limited washing of the fibrous plant residues to free them from the remaining bacteria. This procedure must have involved two main sources of error-contamination of the washed fibres with bacteria, and contamination of the filtrate and washings with very fine plant particles, but no attempt was made at that time to assess the magnitude of these errors. It was known that considerable amounts of nitrogen could be removed from the fibres by further washings, but at the same time it was realized that the physical separation of plant and microbial elements was not necessarily being improved, since further quantities of fine plant particles were also being washed into the filtrate. Later a chemical basis was adopted for assessment of the contamination of the washed fibres by bacteria, and a,€-diaminopimelic acid was selected for this purpose since it is present in the bacteria of the rumen in sheep, but not in the protozoa or in the plant substances of the fodder. Because it is absent from the protozoa it was hoped to use it also as a basis for the separation of bacterial and protozoal nitrogen. Since it was possible that the bacteria contaminating the washed fibres might have a different composition from the rest of the bacteria, it was considered desirable to check the suitability of the amino-acid as a marker of bacterial protein by comparing it in this respect with some other, quite separate substance present in bacteria but not in plants. For this purpose vitamin B,, was selected. The present experiments extend the findings previously reported and show that diaminopimelic acid can be used as a marker of bacterial nitrogen to reduce a major source of error in the former calculations. An attempt was also made to correct for the second source of error-the contamination of the microbial fractions by fine plant particles. It is not possible, of course, to know the precise error remaining, but there can be no doubt that these extensions to the procedure have improved the original estimates of the extent of conversion of plant nitrogen to microbial nitrogen in the rumen.
Impaired Cognitive Flexibility and Intact Cognitive Control in Autism: A Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Approach

In people with autism, the ability to enact a behavior in the presence of competing responses appears intact, while the ability to (cid:13)uently adapt cognitive con-trol in the face of changing task contingencies is impaired. In this paper, the Cross-Task Generalization model (Rougier et al., 2005), which o(cid:11)ers a formal account of the e(cid:11)ect of dopamine on frontal cortex function, is used to capture performance of both normally functioning individuals and people with autism on a classic test of cognitive control, the Stroop task (Stroop, 1935), and one of cognitive (cid:13)exibility, the Wisconsin Card Sort Test (Berg, 1948). By weakening the e(cid:11)ect of the dopamine’s signal on frontal cortex, the model (cid:12)ts quantitative and qualitative results of autistic performance on these tasks and demonstrates the potential usefulness of this approach in autism research.
Vision-based cylinder posture recognition and on-line adjustment strategy

Vision-based micromanipulation robots are now widely used in the field of industry, military, biology, etc. for their minimized size, low energy consumption and reliable performance. This paper presents a cylinder's axis extraction method for the foam column assembly system through image processing and feature recognition. A novel image Jacobian matrix estimation method based on Broyden update for uncalibrated visual servo system is proposed to adjust the posture of the foam column online, then its simulation model is established and tested by typical signals and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
GPS-bias correction for precise localization of autonomous vehicles

This paper presents a precise localization method for autonomous driving systems by correcting the GPS bias error. Since GPS errors have systematic noise properties that change slowly with time, a stand-alone GPS cannot be used for localization of an autonomous vehicle. To compensate for this systematic bias error, several types of additional sources of information, including on-board motion sensors, camera vision systems, and a road map database, are applied to the localization system. The localization algorithm is based on a particle filter, because the measurement model related to the representation of the road geometry is described by a highly nonlinear function. The proposed localization algorithm was tested and verified through an autonomous driving test.
Fully Polynomial Time ( ; ) -Approximation Schemes for Continuous Stochastic Convex Dynamic Programs

We develop fully polynomial time ( ; ) -approximation schemes for stochastic dynamic programs with continuous state and action spaces, when the single-period cost functions are convex Lipschitz-continuous functions that are accessed via value oracle calls. That is, for every given additive error parameter > 0 and multiplicative error factor = 1 + > 1, the scheme returns a feasible solution whose value is no more that + v , where v 0 is the optimal value, and it runs in time polynomial in the input size and in log( 1 ) + 1 . We show that this result is best possible in the sense that in general it is not possible to compute in polynomial time ( ; ) approximations for stochastic dynamic programs with continuous state and action spaces, whenever either = 0 or = 1 . Our results are achieved by extending to the continuous setting the technique of K-approximation sets and functions introduced by Halman et al. [Math. Oper. Res., 34, (2009), pp. 674‐685]. This extension requires a completely new set of analytical and algorithmic tools that may be useful in their own right for further development of approximation algorithms. A preliminary computational evaluation shows that the proposed approximation scheme is orders of magnitude faster than solving the discretized problem exactly, and finds solutions of better quality than approximate solution approaches taken from the literature for comparable computational effort.
Reordering an index to speed query processing without loss of effectiveness

Following Long and Suel, we empirically investigate the importance of document order in search engines which rank documents using a combination of dynamic (query-dependent) and static (query-independent) scores, and use document-at-a-time (DAAT) processing. When inverted file postings are in collection order, assigning document numbers in order of descending static score supports lossless early termination while maintaining good compression. Since static scores may not be available until all documents have been gathered and indexed, we build a tool for reordering an existing index and show that it operates in less than 20% of the original indexing time. We note that this additional cost is easily recouped by savings at query processing time. We compare best early-termination points for several different index orders on three enterprise search collections (a whole-of-government index with two very different query sets, and a collection from a UK university). We also present results for the same orders for ClueWeb09-CatB. Our evaluation focuses on finding results likely to be clicked on by users of Web or website search engines --- Nav and Key results in the TREC 2011 Web Track judging scheme. The orderings tested are Original, Reverse, Random, and QIE (descending order of static score). For three enterprise search test sets we find that QIE order can achieve close-to-maximal search effectiveness with much lower computational cost than for other orderings. Additionally, reordering has negligible impact on compressed index size for indexes that contain position information. Our results for an artificial query set against the TREC ClueWeb09 Category B collection are much more equivocal and we canvass possible explanations for future investigation.