Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Android Software Based Multi-touch Gestures Recognition for Secure Biometric Modality

Now a days the multitouch interfaces interactions with computing devices are changing rapidly. The common problems related to users for user authentication are selecting weak textual passwords or forgetting password. Hence we used biometric gesture based multitouch authentication system. In a biometric authentication system, the user gesture is given to the system. This system has enrollment and verification stage. In Enrollment stage, user's gestures are registered in the system by acquiring and storing biometric templates corresponding to the users. In verification stage, the users gestures is compared with the stored biometric users gesture in template, where all touch points are correctly labeled and ordered consistently and thus, system authenticate a user. The verification process starts with the user multi-touch gestures, which are mapped with x, y coordinates, time-stamps and labels. The 5 touch points from 5 fingertips are serially stored by the device. When all 5 touch point get correctly labeled, the fingertip points are normalized to length, location and orientation. The Dynamic Time Warping matching algorithm is used to compute the distance between each of the normalized stored user gestures and current user gesture. Finally, a dissimilarity score is calculated from the distances obtained and a decision is then made by comparing the dissimilarity score with a threshold to authenticate a user. Multitouch gesture based authentication system is implemented by using Android OS in Samsung tablet. We created Adroid app with login, user name, register three gestures trial as input and then gesture verification. With the Euclidean or Jaccard distance, only one distance is measured at a time with 80% accuracy.
Tyrosine dephosphorylation enhances the therapeutic target activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by disrupting its interaction with estrogen receptor (ER)

Protein-protein interactions can increase or decrease its therapeutic target activity and the determining factors involved, however, are largely unknown. Here, we report that tyrosine-dephosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) increases its therapeutic target activity by disrupting its interaction with estrogen receptor (ER). Protein tyrosine phosphatase H1 (PTPH1) dephosphorylates the tyrosine kinase EGFR, disrupts its interaction with the nuclear receptor ER, and increases breast cancer sensitivity to small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). These effects require PTPH1 catalytic activity and its interaction with EGFR, suggesting that the phosphatase may increase the sensitivity by dephosphorylating EGFR leading to its dissociation with ER. Consistent with this notion, a nuclear-localization defective ER has a higher EGFR-binding activity and confers the resistance to TKI-induced growth inhibition. Additional analysis show that PTPH1 stabilizes EGFR, stimulates the membranous EGFR accumulation, and enhances the growth-inhibitory activity of a combination therapy of TKIs with an anti-estrogen. Since EGFR and ER both are substrates for PTPH1 in vitro and in intact cells, these results indicate that an inhibitory EGFR-ER protein complex can be switched off through a competitive enzyme-substrate binding. Our results would have important implications for the treatment of breast cancer with targeted therapeutics.
Performance evaluation of Completed Local Ternary Patterns (CLTP) for medical, scene and event image categorisation

The Completed Local Ternary Pattern descriptor (CLTP) was proposed to overcome the drawbacks of the Local Binary Pattern (LBP). It used for rotation invariant texture classification and demonstrated superior classification accuracy with different types of texture datasets. In this paper, the performance of CLTP for image categorisation is studied and investigated. Different image datasets are used in the experiments such as the Oliva and Torralba datasets (OT8), Event sport datasets, and 2D HeLa medical images. The experimental results proved the superiority of the CLTP descriptor over the original LBP, and different new texture descriptors such as Completed Local Binary Pattern (CLBP) in the image categorisation task. In 2D HeLa medical images, the proposed CLTP achieved the highest state of the art classification rate reaching 95.62%.
Design of General Projection Neural Networks for Solving Monotone Linear Variational Inequalities and Linear and Quadratic Optimization Problems

Most existing neural networks for solving linear variational inequalities (LVIs) with the mapping Mx + p require positive definiteness (or positive semidefiniteness) of M. In this correspondence, it is revealed that this condition is sufficient but not necessary for an LVI being strictly monotone (or monotone) on its constrained set where equality constraints are present. Then, it is proposed to reformulate monotone LVIs with equality constraints into LVIs with inequality constraints only, which are then possible to be solved by using some existing neural networks. General projection neural networks are designed in this correspondence for solving the transformed LVIs. Compared with existing neural networks, the designed neural networks feature lower model complexity. Moreover, the neural networks are guaranteed to be globally convergent to solutions of the LVI under the condition that the linear mapping Mx + p is monotone on the constrained set. Because quadratic and linear programming problems are special cases of LVI in terms of solutions, the designed neural networks can solve them efficiently as well. In addition, it is discovered that the designed neural network in a specific case turns out to be the primal-dual network for solving quadratic or linear programming problems. The effectiveness of the neural networks is illustrated by several numerical examples.
ICDAR 2011 - French Handwriting Recognition Competition

This paper describes the French handwriting recognition competition held at ICDAR 2011. This competition is based on the RIMES-database composed of French written documents corresponding to letters sent by individuals to companies or administrations. Two tasks have been proposed this year : the first one consists in recognizing isolated snippets of words with the help of a given dictionary, the second one consists in recognizing blocks of words segmented into lines. This year 9 systems were submitted for the different competition subtasks. A comparison between different classification and recognition systems show interesting results. A short description of the participating groups, their systems, and the results achieved are presented.
An embedded hardware architecture for GPC-on-Chip applied to automotive active suspension systems

This paper presents a hardware architecture for an embedded real-time generalized predictive control (GPC) algorithm based on the state-of-the-art Customizable Advanced Processor (CAP9) technology from Atmel; targeting automotive active suspension systems. The GPC algorithm relies on the solution of an optimization problem at every sampling period. Profiling shows that matrix operations consume the largest portion of the computation requirements of the algorithm. The proposed embedded system utilizes a systolic-array based matrix co-processor in order to accelerate matrix operations. The proposed embedded system is designed to fit within the proposed platform while meeting tight real-time constraints imposed by the automotive active suspension systems.
Spatial Distribution of Protein Kinase A Activity during Cell Migration Is Mediated by A-kinase Anchoring Protein AKAP Lbc*

Protein kinase A (PKA) has been suggested to be spatially regulated in migrating cells due to its ability to control signaling events that are critical for polarized actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Here, using the fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based A-kinase activity reporter (AKAR1), we find that PKA activity gradients form with the strongest activity at the leading edge and are restricted to the basal surface in migrating cells. The existence of these gradients was confirmed using immunocytochemistry using phospho-PKA substrate antibodies. This observation holds true for carcinoma cells migrating randomly on laminin-1 or stimulated to migrate on collagen I with lysophosphatidic acid. Phosphodiesterase inhibition allows the formation of PKA activity gradients; however, these gradients are no longer polarized. PKA activity gradients are not detected when a non-phosphorylatable mutant of AKAR1 is used, if PKA activity is inhibited with H-89 or protein kinase inhibitor, or when PKA anchoring is perturbed. We further find that a specific A-kinase anchoring protein, AKAP-Lbc, is a major contributor to the formation of these gradients. In summary, our data show that PKA activity gradients are generated at the leading edge of migrating cells and provide additional insight into the mechanisms of PKA regulation of cell motility.
Implementing and Detecting a PCI Rootkit

In February 2006, the author presented a means of persisting a rootkit in the system BIOS via the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI). It was demonstrated that the ACPI tables within the BIOS could be modified to contain malicious ACPI Machine Language (AML) instructions that interacted with system memory and the I/O space, allowing the rootkit bootstrap code to overwrite kernel code and data structures as a means of deployment[1]. Furthermore, the high level instructions processed by the AML interpreter (typically contained within the ACPI driver) meant that it was possible to interrogate the operating system and hardware in order to accurately determine the platform and specific version of the OS. This potentially allows a multi-platform future-proof rootkit to be created. Whilst using ACPI as a means of persisting a rootkit in the system BIOS has numerous advantages for the rootkit writer over "traditional" means of persistence (that include storing the rootkit on disk and loading it as a device driver), there are several technologies that are designed to mitigate this threat. Both Intel SecureFlash and Phoenix TrustedCore motherboards prevent the system BIOS from being overwritten with unsigned updates. Furthermore, it is relatively easy to detect an ACPI rootkit by disabling ACPI in the CMOS setup program, or by booting from read-only media that does not load an ACPI device driver and auditing the ACPI tables located in system memory (in essence, this is the same cross-view detection method that is typically used to locate a rootkit on disk). of expansion ROM attacks (which is in part the problem that this field has set out to solve), however the practicalities of implementing such attacks has not been discussed in detail. Furthermore, there is little knowledge of how to detect and prevent such attacks on systems that do not contain a Trusted Platform Module (TPM). Whilst the discussion mainly focuses on the Microsoft Windows platform, it should be noted that the techniques are equally likely to apply to other operating systems. The following sections provide a concise overview of PCI, expansion ROM and BIOS boot technologies; for more detailed information the reader is advised to consult the relevant specification. The Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) specification, developed by Intel c.1990, describes a computer bus for attaching peripherals or other buses to the motherboard. PCI devices have become ubiquitous over the last fifteen years and a typical system is likely to contain several, …
Asset Growth and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns

We test for firm-level asset investment effects in returns by examining the cross-sectional relation between firm asset growth and subsequent stock returns. Asset growth rates are strong predictors of future abnormal returns. Asset growth retains its forecasting ability even on large capitalization stocks. When we compare asset growth rates with the previously documented determinants of the cross-section of returns (i.e., book-to-market ratios, firm capitalization, lagged returns, accruals, and other growth measures), we find that a firm's annual asset growth rate emerges as an economically and statistically significant predictor of the cross-section of U.S. stock returns. Copyright (c) 2008 The American Finance Association.
The perception of Mandarin lexical tones by native Korean speakers differing in their experience with Mandarin

While it is well established that non-native speakers differ from native speakers in their perception and/or production of Mandarin lexical tones, empirical studies focusing on non-native learners are still limited. The objective of this study is to add to the current understanding of lexical tone perception by comparing native speakers of standard Korean from the Seoul/Kyunggi area differing in Mandarin experience (NK1, NK2) with native speakers of Mandarin. NK1 (n = 10) had no experience with Mandarin whereas NK2 (n = 10) consisted of highly advanced learners of Mandarin. A group of 10 native Mandarin (NM) speakers was included as controls. Accuracy of perception of six tone pairs (T1–T2, T1–T3, T1–T4, T2–T3, T2–T4, T3–T4) was assessed in a four-alternative forced-choice discrimination test. As expected, the NK2 group with extensive Mandarin learning experience resembled the NM group to a greater extent than did the NK1 group. T2–T3 was the hardest pair for both NK groups, but NK2 had the largest advantage over NK1 for this pair. Apart from T2–T3 which is generally considered difficult, tone pairs involving T1 caused some misperception by the NK groups. This may be related to the difficulty with perceiving a level tone which shows the least fundamental frequency (F0) movement and possibly has limited perceptual salience.
An analysis of service disruption time for TCP applications using end-to-end mobility management protocols

Whenever a mobile node moves across different networks, service disruption occurs thus making mobility management a key issue. In order to ensure the continuity of TCP session between communicating nodes, a number of protocols have been proposed so far. These protocols may be classified into two main categories: end-to-end and network-centric. As end-to-end mobility management protocols do not require additional entities in the network and no additional deployment cost is involved, that makes deployment of these protocols network operator independent. Due to these reasons end-to-end mobility management protocols are gaining popularity. However, performance evaluation of these end-to-end protocols on the basis of service disruption time has not been discussed so far. This paper analyzes these protocols on the basis of service disruption time using mathematical modeling techniques of performance evaluation. Results show that service disruption time of protocols that allow simultaneous communication through multiple interfaces is always smaller than the protocols that do not allow simultaneous communication.
The evolution of new lipoprotein subunits of the bacterial outer membrane BAM complex

The β‐barrel assembly machine (BAM) complex is an essential feature of all bacteria with an outer membrane. The core subunit of the BAM complex is BamA and, in Escherichia coli, four lipoprotein subunits: BamB, BamC, BamD and BamE, also function in the BAM complex. Hidden Markov model analysis was used to comprehensively assess the distribution of subunits of the BAM lipoproteins across all subclasses of proteobacteria. A patchwork distribution was detected which is readily reconciled with the evolution of the α‐, β‐, γ‐, δ‐ and ε‐proteobacteria. Our findings lead to a proposal that the ancestral BAM complex was composed of two subunits: BamA and BamD, and that BamB, BamC and BamE evolved later in a distinct sequence of events. Furthermore, in some lineages novel lipoproteins have evolved instead of the lipoproteins found in E. coli. As an example of this concept, we show that no known species of α‐proteobacteria has a homologue of BamC. However, purification of the BAM complex from the model α‐proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus identified a novel subunit we refer to as BamF, which has a conserved sequence motif related to sequences found in BamC. BamF and BamD can be eluted from the BAM complex under similar conditions, mirroring the BamC:D module seen in the BAM complex of γ‐proteobacteria such as E. coli.
Longitudinal Effects of Parenting Mediated by Deviant Peers on Violent and Non-Violent Antisocial Behaviour and Substance Use in Adolescence

The current work aimed to analyse the prospective effects of parenting practices on adolescent problematic behaviour taking into account the mediation effects of deviant affiliations in normative Spanish adolescents. For this purpose, a sample of 663 adolescents aged 12 to 15 (M = 12.49, SD = 0.68) and gender-balanced (54.3% male) were recruited from 13 state secondary schools in Galicia (NW Spain). Two structural equation models were tested separately on violent behaviour, nonviolent antisocial behaviour, and substance use: the parenting model analysed parental knowledge and parental support through deviant peers, and the sources model analysed adolescent disclosure, parental control, and parental solicitation through deviant peer affiliations. The results of the parenting model indicated that the effects of parental knowledge on all the types of problematic behaviour were significantly mediated by deviant peer affiliations. In addition, the direct effect of parental knowledge was significant on substance use for males. Regarding the sources model, the results indicated that the effects of adolescent disclosure were significantly mediated by deviant peer affiliations on all the types of problematic behaviour only for females. No significant effects of parental support, parental control, and parental solicitation were found. Methodological and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Double-Gabor Filters Are Independent Components of Small Translation-Invariant Image Patches

Abstract The analysis of natural images with independent component analysis (ICA) yields localized bandpass Gabor-type filters similar to receptive fields of simple cells in visual cortex. We applied ICA on a subset of patches called position-centered patches, selected for forming a translation-invariant representation of small patches. The resulting filters were qualitatively different in two respects. One novel feature was the emergence of filters we call double-Gabor filters. In contrast to Gabor functions that are modulated in one direction, double-Gabor filters are sinusoidally modulated in two orthogonal directions. In addition the filters were more extended in space and frequency compared to standard ICA filters and better matched the distribution in experimental recordings from neurons in primary visual cortex. We further found a dual role for double-Gabor filters as edge and texture detectors, which could have engineering applications.
Massive Multiplayer Online Game Architectures

This p ap er investigates the architectu re of Massive Mu ltip layer Online Gam es. The main purpose is to explore the two different architectures that have surfaced, namely client-server and p eer-top eer, and analyze how these relate to each other. So far MMOG d evelop ers have alm ost exclu sively u sed client server architectu res to im p lem ent their gam es, bu t recently a lot of scientific research is being d one into the u se of p eer to p eer architectu res for MMOGs. This p ap er w ill look at the feasibility of u sing these p eer to p eer technologies for op erating MMOGs. This is d one by first looking at the characteristics of the existing client server architectu res and their ad vantages and d isad vantages. After this p eer to p eer architectu res w ill be exam ined and their im p lications for MMOGs w ill be d iscu ssed. Based on this the tw o architectu res w ill be com p ared against each other, in an effort to d eterm ine which architecture will offer the best possibilities for future MMOGs. Finally the options for a hybrid architectu re in w hich the best of both w orld s is com bined are d iscu ssed .
A Model for Transgenerational Imprinting Variation in Complex Traits

Despite the fact that genetic imprinting, i.e., differential expression of the same allele due to its different parental origins, plays a pivotal role in controlling complex traits or diseases, the origin, action and transmission mode of imprinted genes have still remained largely unexplored. We present a new strategy for studying these properties of genetic imprinting with a two-stage reciprocal F mating design, initiated with two contrasting inbred lines. This strategy maps quantitative trait loci that are imprinted (i.e., iQTLs) based on their segregation and transmission across different generations. By incorporating the allelic configuration of an iQTL genotype into a mixture model framework, this strategy provides a path to trace the parental origin of alleles from previous generations. The imprinting effects of iQTLs and their interactions with other traditionally defined genetic effects, expressed in different generations, are estimated and tested by implementing the EM algorithm. The strategy was used to map iQTLs responsible for survival time with four reciprocal F populations and test whether and how the detected iQTLs inherit their imprinting effects into the next generation. The new strategy will provide a tool for quantifying the role of imprinting effects in the creation and maintenance of phenotypic diversity and elucidating a comprehensive picture of the genetic architecture of complex traits and diseases.
Global Metabolic Profiling of Arabidopsis Polyamine Oxidase 4 (AtPAO4) Loss-of-Function Mutants Exhibiting Delayed Dark-Induced Senescence

Early and more recent studies have suggested that some polyamines (PAs), and particularly spermine (Spm), exhibit anti-senescence properties in plants. In this work, we have investigated the role of Arabidopsis Polyamine Oxidase 4 (PAO4), encoding a PA back-conversion oxidase, during dark-induced senescence. Two independent PAO4 (pao4-1 and pao4-2) loss-of-function mutants have been found that accumulate 10-fold higher Spm, and this associated with delayed entry into senescence under dark conditions. Mechanisms underlying pao4 delayed senescence have been studied using global metabolic profiling by GC-TOF/MS. pao4 mutants exhibit constitutively higher levels of important metabolites involved in redox regulation, central metabolism and signaling that support a priming status against oxidative stress. During senescence, interactions between PAs and oxidative, sugar and nitrogen metabolism have been detected that additively contribute to delayed entry into senescence. Our results indicate the occurrence of metabolic interactions between PAs, particularly Spm, with cell oxidative balance and transport/biosynthesis of amino acids as a strategy to cope with oxidative damage produced during senescence.
COMIC: Cost Optimization for Internet Content Multihoming

Content service is a type of Internet cloud service that provides end-users plentiful contents. To ensure high performance for content delivering, content service utilizes a technology known as content multihoming: contents are generated from multiple geographically distributed data centers and delivered by multiple distributed content distribution networks (CDNs). The electricity costs for data centers and the usage costs for CDNs are major contributors to the contents service cost. As electricity prices vary across data centers and usage costs vary across CDNs, scheduling data centers and CDNs has a tremendous consequence for optimizing content service cost. In this paper, we propose a novel framework named Cost Optimization for Internet Content Multihoming (COMIC). COMIC dynamically balances end-users' loads among data centers and CDNs so as to minimize the content service cost. Using real-life electricity prices and CDN traces, the experiments demonstrate that COMIC effectively reduces the content service cost by more than 20 percent.