Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined effects of finite diversity switch isolation and antenna mutual coupling on spatial diversity

The effects of certain non-ideal conditions on spatial diversity are examined. Diversity switches are microwave components that can be found in spatial-diversity systems. The effects of the finite isolation are treated, along with the effect of mutual coupling between the antenna elements. The mutual coupling is demonstrated for the case of dipoles and rectangular microstrip antennas. Closed-form expressions are provided for the correlation efficient of two-branch diversity schemes.
Long-term exposure to nonylphenol affects insulin signaling in the liver of adult male rats

In the present study, we sought to investigate the long-term effects of nonylphenol (NP) on insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in liver. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in liver was evaluated as it is known to induce insulin resistance. Rats were administered NP by oral gavage at the doses of 15, 150 and 1500 μg/ kg body weight per day for 45 days. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation and lipid peroxidation were increased, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were decreased in the liver of NP-treated rats. NP increased the plasma glucose and insulin levels and altered the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Decrease in the protein levels of insulin signaling molecules insulin receptor (IR), IR substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2 and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase were observed with parallel increase in H2O2 levels in the liver of NP-treated rats. These results suggest that NP downregulates insulin signaling in liver, which could be due to ROS production and oxidative damage.
Alzheimer disease: Time to improve its diagnosis and treatment

Basic research is bringing a much-needed infusion of optimism and urgency to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer disease. Some of its risk factors may be modifiable, and although current drugs offer only modest benefit, true disease-modifying drugs are on the horizon. This review is aimed at primary care physicians, who are the first clinicians to see patients with Alzheimer disease and are responsible for their ongoing care throughout the course of their dementia. Basic research is bringing a much-needed infusion of optimism and urgency to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer disease. Some of its risk factors may be modifiable, and although current drugs offer only modest benefit, true disease-modifying drugs are on the horizon.
Delivery systems and adjuvants for oral vaccines

The oral route is the ideal means of delivering prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, offering significant advantages over systemic delivery. Most notably, oral delivery is associated with simple administration and improved safety. In addition, unlike systemic immunisation, oral delivery can induce mucosal immune responses. However, the oral route of vaccine delivery is the most difficult because of the numerous barriers posed by the gastrointestinal tract. To facilitate effective immunisation with peptide and protein vaccines, antigens must be protected, uptake enhanced and the innate immune response activated. Numerous delivery systems and adjuvants have been evaluated for oral vaccine delivery, including live vectors, inert particles and bacterial toxins. Although developments in oral vaccines have been disappointing so far, in terms of the generation of products, the availability of a range of novel delivery systems offers much greater hope for the future development of improved oral vaccines.
Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography provides advanced haemodynamic information associated with intra-dialytic hypotension in patients with autonomic dysfunction.

BACKGROUND Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) has emerged as a more accurate and effective tool for assessing left ventricular (LV) function, compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) methods. In this study, we used this new tool to revise the controversial relationship between LV function and intra-dialytic hypotension. METHODS This study enrolled 29 intra-dialytic hypotensive patients (the IDH group) and 34 controls (the CON group) on regular maintenance haemodialysis. The RT3DE- and 2D-derived ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume index (SVI) and ratio of early transmitral inflow velocity to diastolic early tissue velocity were assessed at pre-dialysis and mid-dialysis. The intravascular volume was assessed by the inferior vena cava collapsibility index. RESULTS Pre-dialysis evaluation showed no difference in RT3DE- and 2D-derived parameters between the two groups. At mid-dialysis, the IDH group had a lower 2D EF (54 +/- 9.1 versus 62 +/- 6.8% in the CON group, P < 0.001), RT3DE EF (53 +/- 6 versus 60 +/- 7% in the CON group, P < 0.001) and SVI (24.3 +/- 8 versus 30.6 +/- 12.2 mL in the CON group, P = 0.02). From pre-dialysis to mid-dialysis, the IDH group had greater decrease in the change in 2D EF (-4.8% +/- 12.6% versus 5% +/- 13.7% in the CON group, P = 0.004), RT3DE EF (-11.8 +/- 10.3 versus -3.4 +/- 11.5% in the CON group, P = 0.003) and SVI (-17.3 +/- 18.5 versus -9.2 +/- 19.8% in the CON group, P = 0.004). The calculated cardiac index change also showed a greater decrease in the IDH group (-17.8 +/- 20.2 versus -5.7 +/- 18.5% in the CON group, P = 0.02). No significant difference in the ratio of early transmitral inflow velocity to diastolic early tissue velocity, heart rate, systemic vascular resistance index or inferior vena cava collapsibility index was found between the two groups at the baseline or mid-dialysis. A lack of an increase in heart rate and the systemic vascular resistance index in the IDH group during the hypotensive episodes implies that these patients have autonomic dysfunction. Multivariate analysis showed that the RT3DE EF change of < -9.5% (odds ratio = 6, P = 0.003) and the presence of diabetes (odds ratio = 4.4, P = 0.013) had significant and independent associations with intra-dialytic hypotension. CONCLUSIONS By adopting RT3DE to assess LV performance, our data demonstrated that an inadequate compensation in the LV systolic function is the main mechanism mediating the occurrence of intra-dialytic hypotension in patients with autonomic dysfunction.
Network traffic classification for security analysis

We used unsupervised machine learning to identify anomalous patterns of network traffic that suggest intrusion. Such techniques allow one to classify network traffic into clusters that emerge from the training data and do not require that signatures already be known. Data is from the National Collegiate Cybersecurity Defense Competition (NCCDC). All but the TCP connections were filtered out, and the features extracted from the remaining data included characteristics of individual connections as well as patterns across time within a sliding window. The learning technique was k-means, with k = 5 giving the most natural and revealing partition of the data. The results bore out the following two hypotheses consistent with the literature: (1) most network traffic is normal, only a certain percentage being malicious; (2) the traffic from an attack is statistically different from normal traffic.
The burden of stress in head and neck cancer

Head and neck cancer (HNCa) introduces numerous stressors. We developed the Cancer‐Related Stressors Checklist (CRSC), which documents exposure to seven categories of common stressors and emotional distress. We surveyed HNCa survivors and examined associations among exposure to cancer‐related stressors, illness intrusiveness (i.e., cancer‐induced interference with lifestyles, activities, and interests), and distress. We also investigated whether reported exposure rates differ between self‐administered and interviewer‐administered measures.
A Comparison of Plane Sweep Delaunay Triangulation Algorithms

This paper presents a survey as well as a new sweep-circle algorithm, on plane sweep algorithms for computing the Delaunay triangulation. The algorithms examined are: Fortune’s sweep-line algorithm, Zalik’s sweep-line algorithm, and a sweep-circle algorithm proposed by Adam, Kauffmann, Schmitt, and Spehner. We test implementations of these algorithms on a number of uniform and none-uniform distributed sites. We also analyze the major high-level primitives that algorithms use and do an experimental analysis of how often implementations of these algorithms perform each operation.
Micro freef‐low IEF enhanced by active cooling and functionalized gels

Rapid free‐flow IEF is achieved in a microfluidic device by separating the electrodes from the focusing region with porous buffer regions. Moving the electrodes outside enables the use of large electric fields without the detrimental effects of bubble formation in the active region. The anode and cathode porous buffer regions, which are formed by acrylamide functionalized with immobilized pH groups, allow ion transport while providing buffering capacity. Thermoelectric cooling mitigates the effects of Joule heating on sample focusing at high field strengths (∼500 V/cm). This localized cooling was observed to increase device performance. Rapid focusing of low‐molecular‐weight pI markers and Protein G–mouse IgG complexes demonstrate the versatility of the technique. Simulations provide insight into and predict device performance based on a well‐defined sample composition.
THE SWIFT/BAT HARD X-RAY TRANSIENT MONITOR

The Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) hard X-ray transient monitor provides near real-time coverage of the X-ray sky in the energy range 15–50 keV. The BAT observes 88% of the sky each day with a detection sensitivity of 5.3 mCrab for a full-day observation and a time resolution as fine as 64 s. The three main purposes of the monitor are (1) the discovery of new transient X-ray sources, (2) the detection of outbursts or other changes in the flux of known X-ray sources, and (3) the generation of light curves of more than 900 sources spanning over eight years. The primary interface for the BAT transient monitor is a public Web site. Between 2005 February 12 and 2013 April 30, 245 sources have been detected in the monitor, 146 of them persistent and 99 detected only in outburst. Among these sources, 17 were previously unknown and were discovered in the transient monitor. In this paper, we discuss the methodology and the data processing and filtering for the BAT transient monitor and review its sensitivity and exposure. We provide a summary of the source detections and classify them according to the variability of their light curves. Finally, we review all new BAT monitor discoveries. For the new sources that are previously unpublished, we present basic data analysis and interpretations.
凡纳对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)溞状幼体黏脏病的治疗

用不同药物治疗凡纳对虾溞状幼体黏脏病,结果表明:用浓度为3×10-6养虾丹、混合施用0. 15×10-6次氯酸钠+1.5mg/L土霉素或0. 01×10-6的亚甲基蓝+1.5mg/L土霉素可治疗凡纳对虾幼体黏脏病.
Safe and Efficient Navigation in Dynamic Environments

For mobile robots to become ubiquitous, they need to be able to navigate in dynamic environments in a safe and efficient way. This is a challenging problem due to the added time dimension in the search space and the subtle interactions between dynamic agents that are extremely difficult to model. In this thesis, we will address both of these challenges. The challenge of dimensionality is addressed by proposing a novel path planning algorithm in environments with dynamic agents with quick planning times. We apply the idea of adaptive dimensionality to speed up path planning in dynamic environments for a robot with no assumptions on its dynamic model. Specifically, our approach considers the time dimension only in those regions of the environment where a potential collision may occur, and plans in a low-dimensional state-space elsewhere. We show that our approach is complete and is guaranteed to find a solution, if one exists, within a cost sub-optimality bound. We experimentally validate our method on the problem of 3D nonholonomic vehicle navigation in dynamic environments. Our results show that the presented approach achieves substantial speedups in planning time over 4D heuristic-based A*, especially when the resulting plan deviates significantly from the one suggested by the heuristic. We tackle the challenge of modeling interactions by presenting a novel statistical model to capture cooperative behavior in human crowds. Previous approaches have used handcrafted functions based on proximity to model human-human and human-robot interactions. However, these approaches can only model simple interactions and fail to generalize for complex crowded settings. We develop an approach that models the joint distribution over future trajectories of all interacting agents in the crowd through a local interaction model that we train using real human trajectory data. The interaction model infers the velocity of each agent based on the spatial orientation of other agents in his vicinity. During prediction, our approach infers the goal of the agent from its past trajectory and uses the learned model to predict its future trajectory. We demonstrate the performance of our method against a state-of-the-art approach on a public dataset and show that our model outperforms when predicting future trajectories for longer horizons. Finally, we lay out future directions of research in the domain of robot navigation in dynamic environments, and the challenges remaining. We plan to verify and validate the proposed work in this thesis on a robot placed in a real human crowd. Other challenges include more accurate long-term prediction, uncertainty associated with predictions and real-time incremental planning algorithms.
Interepithelial signaling with nephric duct is required for the formation of overlying coelomic epithelial cell sheet

Significance We demonstrate that one type of epithelial tissue acts on another type and also that such interepithelial signaling is important for the coordination between different types of epithelia. When one epithelium is ablated, its adjacent epithelium becomes sensitized to external stress such as that produced by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducers. For such interactions, fibronectin serves as a prominent mediator, being translocated from one epithelium (fibronectin-producing) to the other (fibronectin-receiving). This type of interepithelial signaling and the role of fibronectin in these events are conceptually novel and thus open a new way to understand not only how epithelial tissues form in harmony but also how therapeutically to prevent EMT, a critical event in cancer initiation. In most organs of the body, epithelial tissues are supported by their own basement membrane and underlying stroma, the latter being regarded as a complex of amorphous cells, extracellular matrices, and soluble factors. We demonstrate here that an epithelial tube can serve as a component of stroma that supports the formation of epithelial cell sheet derived from a different origin. During development of the mesonephros in chicken embryos, the intermediate mesoderm (IMM), which contains the Wolffian duct (WD) and its associated tubules, is overlain by a sheet of epithelial cells derived from lateral plate (coelomic) mesoderm. We describe that in normal embryos, epitheliogenesis of IMM tubes and the adjacent coelomic cell sheet proceed in a coordinated manner. When the WD was surgically ablated, the overlying coelomic epithelium exhibited aberrant morphology accompanied by a punctated basement membrane. Furthermore, the WD-ablated coelomic epithelium became susceptible to latent external stress; electroporation of Rac1 resulted in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) within the coelomic epithelium. The distorted coelomic epithelium was rescued by implanting fibronectin-producing cells in place of the WD, suggesting that fibronectin provided by WD has an important role acting interepithelially. This notion was corroborated further by directly visualizing a translocation of EGFP-tagged fibronectin from fibronectin-producing to -receiving epithelia in vivo. Our findings provide a novel insight into interepithelial signaling that also might occur in adult tissues to protect against EMT and suggest a possible new target for anticancer therapeutic strategy.
Ross Arena patients with reduced and preserved ejection fraction Cardiopulmonary exercise testing reflects similar pathophysiology and disease severity in heart failure

Background: We are unaware of any previous investigation that has compared the relationship of key cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) variables to various measures of pathophysiology between heart failure-reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF-preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) cohorts that are well matched with respect to baseline characteristics and their exercise response, which is the purpose of the present study. Methods: Thirty-four patients with HFpEF were randomly matched to 34 subjects with HFrEF according to age and sex as well as peak oxygen consumption (VO2), ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2 slope), and exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV). In addition to CPX, patients also underwent echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and assessment of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Results: When matched for age, sex, and CPX variables, the HFrEF and HFpEF cohorts had similar echocardiography with TDI and NT-proBNP values, indicating comparable disease severity. In addition, the correlations between key CPX measures (peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope) and echocardiography with TDI and NT-proBNP measures were similar between HFrEF and HFpEF groups. Of note, the correlation between the VE/VCO2 slope and pulmonary artery systolic pressure and NT-proBNP was highly significant in both groups (r 0.65, p< 0.01). Moreover, subjects with EOV in both groups had a significantly higher PASP ( 47 vs. 35 mmHg, p< 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the current study indicate CPX equally represents disease severity in HFrEF and HFpEF patients. This is a novel finding supporting the key role of CPX in the clinical follow-up of HF patients irrespective of LVEF and cardiac phenotype.
Sequential dependency analysis for spontaneous speech understanding

The dependency structure contains primary semantic information for interpreting sentences. In conventional approaches for extracting this dependency structure, it is assumed that the complete sentence is known before analysis starts. Therefore, in spontaneous speech, we must detect sentence boundaries. It is necessary for on-line applications to be able to extract the dependency structure from a partial recognition result of a long utterance, but conventional methods are not designed for analyzing such incomplete sentences. In this paper, we propose a sequential dependency analysis method for spontaneous speech. The proposed method enables us to analyze incomplete sentences sequentially and detects sentence boundaries simultaneously. The analyzer can be trained using parsed data based on the maximum entropy principle. Experimental results using spontaneous lecture speech from the CSJ corpus show that our proposed method significantly outperforms a conventional method for analyzing incomplete sentences and achieves nearly the same accuracy for complete sentences
Quantification et identification des concepts implicites d'une requête

2 LSIS-Aix-Marseille Universite patrice.bellot@lsis.org RESUME. Nous proposons dans cet article une methode non supervisee pour l'identification et la modelisation de concepts associes a une recherche d'information. Nous utilisons l'alloca-tion de Dirichlet latente (LDA), un modele generatif probabiliste, pour detecter les concepts implicites de la requete en utilisant les documents obtenus par un processus de retour de perti-nence simule (ou documents de feedback). Notre approche estime automatiquement le nombre de concepts ainsi que le nombre de documents de feedback sans aucun apprentissage prealable ni parametrage. Les concepts implicites sont ponderes afin de refleter leur importance relative par rapport a la requete et sont utilises pour modifier l'ordre des documents renvoyes a l'utili-sateur. Nous utilisons quatre sources d'information generales de natures differentes (web, jour-nalistique, encyclopedique) a partir desquelles les documents de feedback sont extraits. Nous comparons differentes approches etat-de-l'art sur deux collections ad-hoc de TREC, et les re-sultats montrent que l'utilisation de concepts implicites identifies par notre methode ameliore significativement les performances de recherche documentaire. ABSTRACT. In this paper we introduce an unsupervised method for mining and modeling latent search concepts. We use Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a generative probabilistic topic model, to exhibit highly-specific query-related topics from pseudo-relevant feedback documents. Our approach automatically estimates the number of latent concepts as well as the needed amount of feedback documents, without any prior training step. Latent concepts are then weighted to reflect their relative adequacy and are further used to automatically reformu-late the initial user query. We also explore the use of different types of sources of information for modeling the latent concepts. For this purpose, we use four general sources of information of various nature (web, news, encyclopedic) from which the feedback documents are extracted. We evaluate our approach over two large ad-hoc TREC collections, and results show that it significantly improves document retrieval effectiveness while best results are achieved by combining latent concepts modeled from all available sources. MOTS-CLES : Recherche contextuelle, modelisation thematique, retour de pertinence
A review of code smell mining techniques

Over the past 15 years, researchers presented numerous techniques and tools for mining code smells. It is imperative to classify, compare, and evaluate existing techniques and tools used for the detection of code smells because of their varying features and outcomes. This paper presents an up‐to‐date review on the state‐of‐the‐art techniques and tools used for mining code smells from the source code of different software applications. We classify selected code smell detection techniques and tools based on their detection methods and analyze the results of the selected techniques. We present our observations and recommendations after our critical analysis of existing code smell techniques and tools. Our recommendations may be used by existing and new tool developers working in the field of code smell detection. The scope of this review is limited to research publications in the area of code smells that focus on detection of code smells as compared with previous reviews that cover all aspects of code smells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advances in Brief MYB Oncogene Amplification in Hereditary BRCA 1 Breast Cancer 1

Comparative genomic hybridization analysis has demonstrated that breast tumors from BRCA1 and BRCA2 germ-line mutation carriers contain a large number of chromosomal copy number gains and losses. A high regional copy number gain at 6q22-q24 was observed in one BRCA1 tumor, and fluorescencein situ hybridization analysis indicated a strong amplification of the MYB oncogene (15 copies of MYB compared with 1 copy of chromosome 6 centromere). Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed amplification ofMYB in 5 (29%) of 17 BRCA1 breast tumors, whereas none of 8BRCA2 tumors and 13 breast cancer cell lines, and only 2 of 100 sporadic breast tumors exhibited alteredMYB copy numbers. Gene amplification resulted in mRNA overexpression as determined by Northern blot and cDNA microarray analysis, and protein overexpression by immunohistochemical staining. We conclude that MYB amplification is infrequent in sporadic breast cancer but common in breast tumors from BRCA1mutation carriers, suggesting a role of this cell cycle regulator and transcription factor in the progression of someBRCA1 tumors. However, we cannot rule out the significance of other genes in the 6q22-q24 amplicon.