Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alexithymia Does Not Predict the Persistence of Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms

Background Alexithymia is thought to be associated with the development of medically unexplained physical symptoms (UPS). So far little research has been published on alexithymia as a risk factor for the persistence of UPS. Objective To determine the clinical outcome in UPS patients and to study the relative importance of alexithymia in predicting that outcome. Methods A follow-up study was conducted among general medical outpatients with UPS. Patients underwent extensive examinations at baseline and were reassessed after a mean 61-week interval. Outcome of the UPS and general health perception at follow-up were used as major outcome variables. Results Outcome of the UPS and general health perception at follow-up were not strongly associated with each other. More than half (63%) of the patients reported improvement of their initial symptoms, but only 38% of the patients considered themselves at follow-up to be in good health. UPS outcome was predominantly predicted by the duration of the UPS and the number of additional physical symptoms at baseline. General health perception at follow-up was predominantly predicted by the general health perception at baseline and the number of additional physical symptoms and pain experience at baseline. The explained variance of the general health perception was three times as high as the explained variance for the UPS outcome. Alexithymia was not associated with any of the two outcome variables. Conclusions Outcome of the UPS and general health perception at follow-up are not strongly associated and are predicted by different variables. Alexithymia, however, is not an important predictor for the outcome in the majority of UPS patients.
Advancing automated security protocol verification

Security protocols are distributed algorithms for achieving security goals, like secrecy or authentication, even when communicating over an insecure network. They play a critical role in modern network and business infrastructures. This thesis focuses on the automated veriﬁcation of security protocols in symbolic models of cryptography. The veriﬁcation of security protocols is particularly important, as their design is error-prone, and errors may lead to the loss of money or even human lives. The automated veriﬁcation of security protocols has already been the subject of much research. Automatic veriﬁcation of all protocols is however impossible to achieve, as protocol security is undecidable in general. The goal of existing research works and this thesis is therefore to extend the scope of automated veriﬁcation to cover increasingly many practical veriﬁcation problems. In this context, our development of the theory and implementation of the Tamarin prover represents a signiﬁcant step forward. In particular, Tamarin is the ﬁrst tool that supports, without requiring any bounds, the automatic falsiﬁcation and veriﬁcation of protocols making use of loops and non-monotonic state, and of protocols that use Diﬃe-Hellman exponentiation to achieve resilience against strong adversaries. The theory underlying the Tamarin prover is of particular interest because it is derived from a simple, but expressive security protocol model, and because it is constructed in a way that simpliﬁes future extensions. Apart from extending the scope of automated security protocol veriﬁcation, this thesis also provides an answer to the question of how to improve the trustworthiness of a result obtained by an automatic security protocol veriﬁcation tool. We explain a generic approach to construct proof-generating versions of security protocol veriﬁcation algorithms. We validate this approach by implementing scyther-proof , a version of Scyther that generates machine-checked proofs. We demonstrate the practical applicability of scyther-proof and Scyther on the ISO/IEC 9798 standard for entity authentication, which is used as a core building block in numerous other standards. When analyzing the standard using the Scyther tool, we surprisingly ﬁnd that the most recent version of this standard still exhibits both known and new weaknesses. We therefore propose ﬁxes and use
Improvements in Statistical Phrase-Based Interactive Machine Translation

State-of-the-art Machine Translation (MT) systems are still far from being perfect. An alternative is the so-called Interactive Machine Translation (IMT). In this paper, we present some novel methods to improve the statistical phrase-based IMT. We utilize dynamic distortion limitation to balance the requirements of long distance reordering and decoding speed. And we introduce the difference function to the translation hypothesis extension as a heuristic function, to make the final translation candidates as diverse as possible. We also use the user validated prefix to direct the word selection of suffix based on a word co-occurrence model. All these methods aim at optimizing the first N-best candidate translations and look forward to reducing the cognitive burden of the users. The experiential results show the effectiveness of our methods.
Reduction of Adipose Tissue Formation by the Controlled Release of BMP-2 Using a Hydroxyapatite-Coated Collagen Carrier System for Sinus-Augmentation/Extraction-Socket Grafting

The effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)-coating onto collagen carriers for application of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) on cell differentiation in vitro, and on in vivo healing patterns after sinus-augmentation and alveolar socket-grafting were evaluated. In vitro induction of osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation was compared between the culture media with rhBMP-2 solution and with the released rhBMP-2 from the control collagen and from the HA-coated collagen. Demineralized bovine bone and collagen/HA-coated collagen were grafted with/without rhBMP-2 in sinus-augmentation and tooth-extraction-socket models. Adipogenic induction by rhBMP-2 released from HA-coated collagen was significantly reduced compared to collagen. In the sinus-augmentation model, sites that received rhBMP-2 exhibited large amounts of vascular tissue formation at two weeks and increased adipose tissue formation at eight weeks; this could be significantly reduced by using HA-coated collagen as a carrier for rhBMP-2. In extraction-socket grafting, dimensional reduction of alveolar ridge was significantly decreased at sites received rhBMP-2 compared to control sites, but adipose tissue was increased within the regenerated socket area. In conclusion, HA-coated collagen carrier for Escherichia coli-derived rhBMP-2 (ErhBMP-2) may reduce in vitro induction of adipogenic differentiation and in vivo adipose bone marrow tissue formation in bone tissue engineering by ErhBMP-2.
Dynamic Tree Block Coordinate Ascent

This paper proposes a novel Linear Programming (LP) based algorithm, called Dynamic Tree-Block Coordinate Ascent (DT-BCA), for performing maximum a posteriori (MAP) inference in probabilistic graphical models. Unlike traditional message passing algorithms, which operate uniformly on the whole factor graph, our method dynamically chooses regions of the factor graph on which to focus message-passing efforts. We propose two criteria for selecting regions, including an efficiently computable upper-bound on the increase in the objective possible by passing messages in any particular region. This bound is derived from the theory of primal-dual methods from combinatorial optimization, and the forest that maximizes the bounds can be chosen efficiently using a maximum-spanning-tree-like algorithm. Experimental results show that our dynamic schedules significantly speed up state-of-the-art LP-based message-passing algorithms on a wide variety of real-world problems.
ANALISIS FAKTOR PERILAKU SEKSUAL PADA ANAK SD DI SDN DUKUH KUPANG II/ 489 KECAMATAN DUKUH PAKIS KELURAHAN DUKUH KUPANG SURABAYA

Introduction. Sexual behavior has multidimensional problem; regarded by various factors toward student in elementary school. The purpose of this study was to analyze and explained the correlated between sexual behavior and student in elementary school used Theory of Planned Behavior at SDN Dukuh Kupang II – 489 Kecamatan Dukuh Pakis Kelurahan Dukuh Kupang Surabaya. Methods. Design in this study was descriptive analytical with cross-sectional approach. The population was all the student in 6 grade at SDN Dukuh Kupang II – 489 Kecamatan Dukuh Pakis Kelurahan Dukuh Kupang Surabaya 2014 – 2015 year of education. Total sample 32 respondens was collected from 54 students in 6 grade. The independent variable were background factors and subfactors. Background factors include personal factor (attitudes), social factors (age, gender, religion, and education), information factor (knowledge). Subfactors include behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs. The dependent variable intention and attitude towards sexuality of elementary school student. Data were collected by questionnaires for independent variable and dependen variable. Data were analyzed by using Partial Least Square (PLS) with significance degree T-statistics ≥1,96. Result and analysis. Result showed that attitude towards sexuality of elementary student was influence by intention (t=10,534). Intention was influence by sub factors behavioral beliefs (t=0,584), normative beliefs (t=0,918), and control beliefs (T=2,199). Discussion. Background factors include personal factor (attitudes), social factors (age, gender, religion, and education), information factor (knowledge) has affected behavioral beliefs towards sexuality behavior of elementary school student. Background factors has affected normative beliefs towards sexuality behavior of elementary school student. Background factors has affected control beliefs towards sexuality behavior of elementary school student. Attitude towards sexuality of elementary school students has affected by intention. Keyword: sexual behavior, Theory of Planned Behavior, elementary school student, pre-puberty, behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, control beliefs, intention.
Exploring social constructions regarding bullying between children in schools by adult stakeholders working in the British education system

A tension between what people consider to be bullying in schools has been identified by reviews of previous positivist research into the phenomenon. Questions have subsequently been raised as to why there is such disparity leading to the application of social constructionism as an alternative means of exploring bullying in schools. The aim of this thesis was to complement the existing literature on bullying by exploring the social constructions regarding bullying in schools from adult stakeholders working with children in the British education system. Four studies were conducted in total with an ethnographic element reflected throughout where I am a practising Educational Psychologist (EP), parent and former teacher. Three studies employed the principles of social constructionism collecting examples of conversations conducted in a social and naturalistic context. The first study explored a conversation between me and my EP colleagues. The second study collected data from the staff meeting discussions at four primary schools. The third study explored government guidance to schools on bullying. In the final study, I shared the data collected from my first three studies with a group of parents and the discussion that followed completed the data collection process. Principles of the Discourse Analytic tradition were employed to analyse the data; discursive practice analysis, Foucauldian Analysis, Critical Discursive Psychology, Critical Discourse Analysis and the Discursive Action Model. The analyses reflected variability in how the different groups constructed bullying due to the contexts, histories, cultures and experiences influencing those involved. Furthermore, each group positioned itself as having the ‘right’ construction of bullying and as being best placed to correct those held by others. From the analyses I would recommend that if a child constructs themselves as being bullied the situation should be addressed rather than debating whether it is bullying.
Optimality of Binary Power Control for the Single Cell Uplink

This paper considers the optimum single cell power control maximizing the aggregate (uplink) communication rate of the cell when there are peak power constraints at mobile users, and a low-complexity data decoder (without successive decoding) at the base station. It is shown that the optimum power allocation is binary, which means that links are either “on” or “off. ” By exploiting further structure of the optimum binary power allocation, a simple polynomial-time algorithm for finding the optimum transmission power allocation is proposed, together with a reduced complexity near-optimal heuristic algorithm. Sufficient conditions under which channel-state aware time division multiple access (TDMA) maximizes the aggregate communication rate are established. In a numerical study, we compare and contrast the performance achieved by the optimum binary power-control policy with other suboptimum policies and the throughput capacity achievable via successive decoding. It is observed that two dominant modes of communication arise, wideband or TDMA, and that successive decoding achieves better sum-rates only under near perfect interference cancellation efficiency. In this paper, we exploit the theory of majorization to obtain the aforementioned results. In the final part of this paper, we do so to solve power-control problems in the areas of femtocells and cognitive radio and find that, again, optimal solutions have a binary (or almost binary) character.
Prefrontal Cortex Stimulation Induces 2-Arachidonoyl-Glycerol-Mediated Suppression of Excitation in Dopamine Neurons

Endocannabinoids form a novel class of retrograde messengers that modulate short- and long-term synaptic plasticity. Depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DSE) and inhibition (DSI) are the best characterized transient forms of endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic modulation. Stimulation protocols consisting of long-lasting voltage steps to the postsynaptic cell are routinely used to evoke DSE-DSI. Little is known, however, about more physiological conditions under which these molecules are released in vitro. Moreover, the occurrence in vivo of such forms of endocannabinoid-mediated modulation is still controversial. Here we show that physiologically relevant patterns of synaptic activity induce a transient suppression of excitatory transmission onto dopamine neurons in vitro. Accordingly, in vivo endocannabinoids depress the increase in firing and bursting activity evoked in dopamine neurons by prefrontal cortex stimulation. This phenomenon is selectively mediated by the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), which activates presynaptic cannabinoid type 1 receptors. 2-AG synthesis involves activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors and Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores. These findings indicate that dopamine neurons release 2-AG to shape afferent activity and ultimately their own firing pattern. This novel endocannabinoid-mediated self-regulatory role of dopamine neurons may bear relevance in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and addiction.
Giving when it costs

Do some people exhibit a greater willingness to sacrifice in romantic relationships and derive more satisfaction from doing so, even in the face of high costs? In a cross-sectional study and a daily experience study, we show that people low in interdependent self-construal were less willing to sacrifice when the costs were relatively high, whereas people high in interdependent self-construal were equally willing to make high- and low-cost sacrifices. Further, when people low in interdependent self-construal chose to sacrifice, they felt less authentic when the costs were high, which in turn, detracted from their satisfaction with sacrifice. In contrast, people high in interdependent self-construal did not feel less authentic and were buffered against feeling less satisfied when making more costly sacrifices. The findings identify a set of individuals who are more willing to sacrifice, even in the face of high costs, and who feel more satisfied and authentic when doing so.
Query performance prediction for IR

The goal of this tutorial is to expose participants to current research on query performance prediction. Participants will become familiar with state-of-the-art performance prediction methods, with common evaluation methodologies of prediction quality, and with potential applications that can utilize performance predictors. In addition, some open issues and challenges in the field will be discussed. This tutorial is an updated version of the SIGIR 2010 tutorial presented by David Carmel and Elad Yom-Tov on the same subject. This year we intend to expand on new results in the field, in particular focusing on recently developed frameworks that provide a unified model for performance prediction.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Biofouling Bacteria and Profiling of Quorum Sensing Signal Molecules from Membrane Bioreactor Activated Sludge

The formation of biofilm in a membrane bioreactor depends on the production of various signaling molecules like N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). In the present study, a total of 200 bacterial strains were isolated from membrane bioreactor activated sludge and screened for AHLs production using two biosensor systems, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens A136. A correlation between AHLs production and biofilm formation has been made among screened AHLs producing strains. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed the dominance of Aeromonas and Enterobacter sp. in AHLs production; however few a species of Serratia, Leclercia, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Raoultella and Citrobacter were also identified. The chromatographic characterization of sludge extract showed the presence of a broad range of quorum sensing signal molecules. Further identification of sludge AHLs by thin layer chromatography bioassay and high performance liquid chromatography confirms the presence of C4-HSL, C6-HSL, C8-HSL, 3-oxo-C8-HSL, C10-HSL, C12-HSL, 3-oxo-C12-HSL and C14-HSL. The occurrence of AHLs in sludge extract and dominance of Aeromonas and Enterobacter sp. in activated sludge suggests the key role of these bacterial strains in AHLs production and thereby membrane fouling.
1 Convex Optimization with Sparsity-Inducing Norms

The principle of parsimony is central to many areas of science: the simplest explanation to a given phenomenon should be preferred over more complicated ones. In the context of machine learning, it takes the form of variable or feature selection, and it is commonly used in two situations. First, to make the model or the prediction more interpretable or computationally cheaper to use, i.e., even if the underlying problem is not sparse, one looks for the best sparse approximation. Second, sparsity can also be used given prior knowledge that the model should be sparse.
EVIDENCE FOR HISTORICAL INTROGRESSION ALONG A CONTACT ZONE BETWEEN TWO SPECIES OF CHAR (PISCES: SALMONIDAE) IN NORTHWESTERN NORTH AMERICA

Abstract Phylogeographic analyses can yield valuable insights into the geographic and historical contexts of contact and hybridization between taxa. Two species of char (Salmonidae), Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) and bull trout (S. confluentus) have largely parapatric distributions in watersheds of northwestern North America. They are, however, sympatric in several localities and hybridization and some introgression occurs across a broad area of contact. We conducted a comparative phylogenetic analysis of Dolly Varden and bull trout to gain a historical perspective of hybridization between these species and to test for footprints of historical introgression. We resolved two major Dolly Varden mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clades (with 1.4–2.2% sequence divergence between haplotypes) that had different geographical distributions. Clade N is distributed across most of the range of Dolly Varden, from southern British Columbia through to the Kuril Islands in Asia. Clade S had a much more limited distribution, from Washington state, at the southern limit of the Dolly Varden range, to the middle of Vancouver Island. The distribution and inferred ages of the mtDNA clades suggested that Dolly Varden survived the Wisconsinan glaciation in a previously unsuspected refuge south of the ice sheet, and that Dolly Varden and bull trout were probably in continuous contact over most of the last 100,000 years. When bull trout were included in the phylogenetic analysis, however, the mtDNA of neither species was monophyletic: Clade S Dolly Varden clustered within the bull trout mtDNA clade. This pattern was discordant with two nuclear phylogenies produced (growth hormone 2 and rRNA internal transcribed sequence 1), in which Dolly Varden and bull trout were reciprocally monophyletic. This discordance between mtDNA- and nDNA-based phylogenies indicates that historical introgression of bull trout mtDNA into Dolly Varden occurred. Percent sequence divergence within these introgressed Dolly Varden (clade S) was 0.2–0.6%, implying that the introgression occurred prior to the most recent glaciation. Our analysis and other evidence of contact between divergent lineages in northwestern North America strongly suggests that the area may be the site of previously unsuspected suture zones of aquatic biotas. Corresponding Editor: S. Karl
The Enhancement of Students' Critical Thinking Skills in Mathematics through The 5E Learning Cycle with Metacognitive Technique

This study aims to describe the enhancement and achievement of students’ critical thinking skills in mathematics (CTSM) as a result of 5E Learning Cycle with Metacognitive Techniques (LCM), Learning Cycle (LC) and Conventional Learning (CL) implementation is measured entirely and based on student’s Mathematical Prior Ability (MPA). This research used a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group. The population of the research is Junior High School students in Indramayu City, West Java Province, Indonesia. The sample is eighth grade students from two school levels classified as high and medium levels, amounted to 173 students. Three classes were randomly selected from each school, one class received LCM, one class received LC, and the other class received CL. The instruments consisted of CTSM tests, MPA test, and observation sheet. The study revealed that in terms of overall, the enhancement and achievement of students’ CTSM who received LCM is better than those who received LC and CL. Likewise the achievement of students’ CTSM who received LC is better than those who received CL. The enhancement and the achievement of LCM group students’ critical thinking skills is 0.62 and 27.30 while the LC group is 0.49 and 22.84, and the CL group is 0.34 and 17.80. There is an interaction effect between learning model and MPA towards enhancement of students’ CTSM. However descriptively, there is no interaction effect between learning model and MPA towards achievement of students’ CTSM. Keywords—critical thinking skills in mathematics; 5E Learning Cycle model; Metacognitive techniques
Effective implementation of location services for VANETs in hybrid network infrastructures

In this paper we propose and evaluate a heterogeneous architecture for location service in vehicular environments. The proposed Location Service utilizes the infrastructure of cellular networks to offload the Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) systems from the signalling overhead required for the location service. We evaluate the performance of such a hybrid solution in terms of overhead and end-to-end delay. The results suggest that a heterogeneous network with an IEEE 802.11p access network for data delivery and a LTE network for Location Service can provide better system performance in high density and high load scenarios.