Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Code coverage based technique for prioritizing test cases for regression testing

Test case prioritization involves scheduling test cases in an order that increases their effectiveness in meeting some performance goals. One of the common performance goals is to run those test cases that achieve total code coverage at the earliest. In this work we propose a model that achieves 100% code coverage optimally during version specific regression testing.
Large Deviation Bounds for Decision Trees and Sampling Lower Bounds for AC0-Circuits

There has been considerable interest lately in the complexity of distributions. Recently, Lovett and Viola (CCC 2011) showed that the statistical distance between a uniform distribution over a good code, and any distribution which can be efficiently sampled by a small bounded-depth AC0 circuit, is inverse-polynomially close to one. That is, such distributions are very far from each other. We strengthen their result, and show that the distance is in fact exponentially close to one. This allows us to strengthen the parameters in their application for data structure lower bounds for succinct data structures for codes. From a technical point of view, we develop new large deviation bounds for functions computed by small depth decision trees, which we then apply to obtain bounds for AC0 circuits via the switching lemma. We show that if such functions are Lipschitz on average in a certain sense, then they are in fact Lipschitz almost everywhere. This type of result falls into the extensive line of research which studies large deviation bounds for the sum of random variables, where while not independent, exhibit large deviation bounds similar to these obtained by independent random variables.
Every Supervisor tells me his or her own things: a personal lived experience with working with two PhD Supervisors

Various studies have explored PhD supervision worldwide, but with a paucity of studies on experiences with two supervisors. This paper recounts the personal lived experience with working with two supervisors at the PhD level to inspire fresher PhD candidates locally, regionally and globally. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis framework, the paper retells both positive and negative experiences, focusing on three ambivalent types of experience with working with two PhD supervisors: (i) balanced attitudes and perseverance with seniority,(ii) matching the supervisors-supervisee working pace, and (iii) handling two supervisors’ diverging content orientations, which led to timely completion of PhD studies. The paper argues that experience with two PhD supervisors is both enjoyable and challenging, but candidates have to be equipped with strategic interpersonal skills. It informs fresher PhD candidates about tips on strategies to deal with two supervisors and lessons for timely completion of PhD journey. Keywords: Personal lived experiences, PhD supervision, two supervisors, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, University of Rwanda
Three dimensional facial model adaptation

This paper addresses the problem of adapting a generic 3D face model to a human face of which the frontal and profile views are given. Assuming that a set of feature points have been detected on both views the adaptation procedure initializes with a rigid transformation of the model aiming to minimize the distances of the 3D model feature nodes from the calculated 3D coordinates of the 2D feature points. Then, a non-rigid transformation ensures that the feature nodes are displaced optimally close to their exact calculated positions, dragging their neighbors in a way that does not deform the facial model in an unnatural way.
Measuring Growth Potential of Communities in the Patent Citation Network

The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) requires inventors who submit patents to include citations to preexisting patents containing similar solutions to the technical problem the patent is solving. This has resulted in a massive network of connected technological ideas spanning decades, and serves as an invaluable proxy to measure and model technological innovation [3]. Such investigations have practical value, offering insights, for example, into the relative importance of an individual patent, how certain factors such as patent age and inventor predict patent importance, and the emergence and evolution of new technological fields. These insights can in turn be used to determine the economic value of patent portfolios and drive research and development decisions by firms. Modeling the patent citation network as a graph allows us to uncover insights on the processes of technological innovation using graph properties alone. Node degree, for example, can be used in evaluating a patent’s relative importance and predicting its success in terms of the number of citations it receives; the out degree. In our preliminary analysis, we hypothesized that some of the predictors of a patent’s importance might include both inand outdegrees, age, how similar a patent is to other patents, and some measure of how ”original” a patent is based on its citations to communities not containing or related to that patent. Finally, community detection and tracking gives us a precise method of determining technological fields and their evolution. In this paper we will focus on detecting communities within the patent network and tracking their growth over time, then evaluating which network properties predict long-term growth of the communities. The paper is divided into four sections: a review of existing literature on the subjects of community detection and tracking and prior investigations into citation networks; our procedure, including data definition and cleansing and the models, algorithms, and techniques used; our results; and finally, a discussion and suggestions for further research.
Malignant-looking thyroid nodules with size reduction: core needle biopsy results

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate whether malignant-looking thyroid nodules with size reduction were malignant or not. Methods From November 2010 to July 2011, we retrospectively enrolled 16 patients with 16 nodules (11 females and five males; mean age, 55 years) who underwent core needle biopsy (CNB), and whose thyroid nodules had malignant ultrasonographic (US) features, although they showed size reduction (>20% decrease in maximum diameter) during the follow-up period (mean, 37±27 months). The histologic findings of the CNB specimen were reviewed and correlated with the US findings. US studies were analyzed for their internal content, shape, margin, echogenicity, the presence of microcalcification and macrocalcification, inner isoechoic rim, and low-echoic halo. Results All nodules were confirmed as benign by CNB. Pathologic analysis was available for 12 CNB specimens. US imaging showed central hypoechogenicity or marked hypoechogenicity in all cases and a peripheral isoechoic rim in 15 nodules. US-pathologic correlation showed that the central hypoechoic area was primarily composed of fibrosis (12/12) and hemorrhage (8/12) and that the isoechoic rim was composed of follicular cells. Conclusion In our study, the CNB results of all of the malignant-looking thyroid nodules with size reduction were benign and were primarily composed of internal fibrosis and hemorrhage. Understanding these US and pathologic features could prevent repeated fine-needle aspiration or unnecessary diagnostic surgery.
Similarity Detection in Collaborative Development of Object-Oriented Formal Specifications

— The complexity of today’s software systems makes collaborative development necessary to accomplish tasks. Frameworks are necessary to allow developers perform their tasks independently yet collaboratively. Similarity detection is one of the major issues to consider when developing such frameworks. It allows developers to mine existing repositories when developing their own views of a software artifact, and it is necessary for identifying the correspondences between the views to allow merging them and checking their consistency. Due to the importance of the requirements specification stage in software development, this paper proposes a framework for collaborative development of Object-Oriented formal specifications along with a similarity detection approach to support the creation, merging and consistency checking of specifications. The paper also explores the impact of using additional concepts on improving the matching results. Finally, the proposed approach is empirically evaluated.
Investigation and monitoring in support of the structural mitigation of large slow moving landslides: an example from Ca' Lita (Northern Apennines, Reggio Emilia, Italy)

The Ca' Lita landslide is a large and deep-seated mass movement located in the Secchia River Valley, in the sector of the Northern Apennines falling into Reggio Emilia Province, about 70 km west of Bologna (Northern Italy). It consists of a composite landslide system that affects Cretaceous to Eocene flysch rock masses and chaotic complexes. Many of the components making up the landslide system have resumed activity between 2002 and 2004, and are now threatening some hamlets and an important road serving the upper watershed area of River Secchia, where many villages and key industrial facilities are located. This paper presents the analysis and the quantification of displacement rates and depths of the mass movements, based on geological and geomorphological surveys, differential DEM analysis, interpretation of underground stratigraphic and monitoring data collected during the investigation campaign that has been undertaken in order to design cost-effective mitigation structures, and that has been conducted with the joint collaboration between public offices and research institutes.
Implementation of Channel Estimation and Multiuser Detection Algorithms for W-CDMA on Digital Signal Processors

Proposed algorithms for Third Generation W-CDMA communication systems have extremely high performance requirements. In this paper, we study the implementation issues involved for one of the proposed multiuser channel estimation and detection algorithms for base-stations in the uplink using TI's TMS320C6x DSP Evaluation Modules(EVM). It was found that these proposed algorithms for multiuser channel estimation and detection have di erent processing and precision requirements. While the detector can be implemented using the C6201 16-bit xed point DSP, the proposed channel estimation algorithm may be more suitable for a oating point implementation using the C6701 oating point DSP. We study the e ects of the specialized approximate instructions available on the C6701 DSP on channel estimation. Then, the advantage of multistep optimizations and use of assembly code is studied for both the algorithms. Memory issues involved in the implementation of these algorithms is also investigated. It was found that the data memory requirements for channel estimation for the chosen system parameters necessitates the use of external memory while the multistage detection algorithm could be placed in the available internal data memory. We nally discuss the current and future trends of DSPs and their utilization for such wireless communication applications.
Subadditivity of eigenvalue sums

Let f(t) be a nonnegative concave function on 0 < t < ∞ with f(0) = 0, and let X, Y be n×n matrices. Then it is known that ||f(|X+Y|)|| 1 ≤ ||f(|X|)|| 1 + ||f(|Y|)|| 1 , where ||·|| 1 is the trace norm. We extend this result to all unitarily invariant norms and prove some inequalities of eigenvalue sums.
Mobile DNA in Old World Monkeys: A Glimpse Through the Rhesus Macaque Genome

The completion of the draft sequence of the rhesus macaque genome allowed us to study the genomic composition and evolution of transposable elements in this representative of the Old World monkey lineage, a group of diverse primates closely related to humans. The L1 family of long interspersed elements appears to have evolved as a single lineage, and Alu elements have evolved into four currently active lineages. We also found evidence of elevated horizontal transmissions of retroviruses and the absence of DNA transposon activity in the Old World monkey lineage. In addition, ∼100 precursors of composite SVA (short interspersed element, variable number of tandem repeat, and Alu) elements were identified, with the majority being shared by the common ancestor of humans and rhesus macaques. Mobile elements compose roughly 50% of primate genomes, and our findings illustrate their diversity and strong influence on genome evolution between closely related species.
Depression, Self-Care, and Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE—We examined the association between depression, measured as either a continuous symptom severity score or a clinical disorder variable, with self-care behaviors in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We surveyed 879 type 2 diabetic patients from two primary care clinics using the Harvard Department of Psychiatry/National Depression Screening Day Scale (HANDS), the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, and self-reported medication adherence. RESULTS—Of the patients, 19% met the criteria for probable major depression (HANDS score ≥9), and an additional 66.5% reported at least some depressive symptoms. After controlling for covariates, patients with probable major depression reported significantly fewer days' adherent to diet, exercise, and glucose self-monitoring regimens (P < 0.01) and 2.3-fold increased odds of missing medication doses in the previous week (95% CI 1.5–3.6, P < 0.001) compared with all other respondents. Continuous depressive symptom severity scores were better predictors of nonadherence to diet, exercise, and medications than categorically defined probable major depression. Major depression was a better predictor of glucose monitoring. Among the two-thirds of patients not meeting the criteria for major depression (HANDS score <9, n = 709), increasing HANDS scores were incrementally associated with poorer self-care behaviors (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS—These findings challenge the conceptualization of depression as a categorical risk factor for nonadherence and suggest that even low levels of depressive symptomatology are associated with nonadherence to important aspects of diabetes self-care. Interventions aimed at alleviating depressive symptoms, which are quite common, could result in significant improvements in diabetes self-care.
Confronting suffering with narrative theory, constructed selfhood, and control: Critical perspectives by Simone Weil and Buddhist metaphysics

Abstract According to the narrative approach, illness and suffering are disruptions that test our ability to retell and govern ourselves. For instance, Arthur Frank and Rita Charon argue that it is via narratives, “selves,” and control that the challenges of illness and affliction can be met. The author explores this approach in light of Simone Weil’s philosophy and Zen Buddhist thought, both of which question the primacy of selfhood, control, and discourse. Using disability as a case study, the author argues that both Weil and Zen Buddhist philosophy offer a radical alternative to narrative ethics, worthy of further scrutiny.
HOPELESSNESS AND TEMPERAMENT OF YOUTH IN RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT

McKenney Jackie L. (Writer) (Last Name) (First) (Initial) Hopelessness and Temperament of Youth in Residential Treatment (Title) Guidance and Counseling Dr. Gary Rockwood May, 2000 44 (Graduate Major) (Research Advisor) (Month/Year) (No. of Pages) American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual (Name of Style Manual Used in this Study) The importance of hopelessness and temperament within the study of youth psychiatric disorders is becoming increasingly apparent. Analysis of these two constructs further elucidates the factors that are correlated with psychopathology in children and adolescents. The present study examines the relationship between hopelessness and temperament. Two scales, the Beck Hopelessness Scale (Beck, 1974) and the Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey Child (Windle & Lerner, 1986), were administered to 32 participants and the scores were correlated to determine whether a relationship exists between the two constructs. Data analysis using Pearson’s r correlation coefficients suggests a positive correlation exists between hopelessness and temperament, as well as a positive correlation between elevated levels of hopelessness and a difficult temperament. iii When utilizing the t-test for independent means to determine differences in BHS and DOTS-R Child scores in relation to internalized disorders and externalized disorders, no statistical differences were indicated. Implications of these findings are discussed as well as recommendations for future studies on hopelessness and temperament. iv Table of
Unconditionally Secure Quantum Signatures

Signature schemes, proposed in 1976 by Diffie and Hellman, have become ubiquitous across modern communications. They allow for the exchange of messages from one sender to multiple recipients, with the guarantees that messages cannot be forged or tampered with and that messages also can be forwarded from one recipient to another without compromising their validity. Signatures are different from, but no less important than encryption, which ensures the privacy of a message. Commonly used signature protocols—signatures based on the Rivest–Adleman–Shamir (RSA) algorithm, the digital signature algorithm (DSA), and the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA)—are only computationally secure, similar to public key encryption methods. In fact, since these rely on the difficulty of finding discrete logarithms or factoring large primes, it is known that they will become completely insecure with the emergence of quantum computers. We may therefore see a shift towards signature protocols that will remain secure even in a post-quantum world. Ideally, such schemes would provide unconditional or information-theoretic security. In this paper, we aim to provide an accessible and comprehensive review of existing unconditionally securesecure signature schemes for signing classical messages, with a focus on unconditionally secure quantum signature schemes.
An Overview of Collision Avoidance Approaches and Network Architecture of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

As an autonomous vehicle, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are subjected to several challenges. One of the challenges is for UAV to be able to avoid collision. Many collision avoidance methods have been proposed to address this issue. Furthermore, in a multi-UAV system, it is also important to address communication issue among UAVs for cooperation and collaboration. This issue can be addressed by setting up an ad-hoc network among UAVs. There is also a need to consider the challenges in the deployment of UAVs, as well as, in the development of collision avoidance methods and the establishment of communication for cooperation and collaboration in a multi-UAV system. In this paper, we present general challenges in the deployment of UAV and comparison of UAV communication services based on its operating frequency. We also present major collision avoidance approaches, and specifically discuss collision avoidance approaches that are suitable for indoor applications. We also present the Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANET) network architecture, communication and routing protocols for each Open System Interconnection (OSI) communication layers.
Perceived Personal and Social Competence: Development of Valid and Reliable Measures

During the last 20 years, youth programming has shifted from risk reduction to youth development. While numerous instruments exist to measure selected individual characteristics/competencies among youth, a comprehensive instrument to measure four constructs of personal and social skills could not be identifi ed. The purpose of this study was to develop four assessment instruments to measure perceived personal/social competence. Specifi cally, this study focused on identifying items to measure: (a) intrapersonal skills, (b) interpersonal skills, (c) coping skills, and (d) judgment skills. A Delphi panel of nine professionals in health education, youth development programming, and instrument development established content validity. Readability of the four scales ranged from 3.82 to 6.43 using the Gunning Fog Index. Internal consistency reliability was calculated for intrapersonal skills (α=.96), interpersonal skills (α=.91), coping skills (α=.89), and judgment skills (α=.91). Program planners and evaluators could use one or all four scales (i.e., intrapersonal, interpersonal, coping, judgment skills) to assess short-term impact of their youth development programs.
Identifying Sentence-Level Semantic Content Units with Topic Models

Statistical approaches to document content modeling typically focus either on broad topics or on discourse-level subtopics of a text. We present an analysis of the performance of probabilistic topic models on the task of learning sentence-level topics that are similar to facts. The identification of sentential content with the same meaning is an important task in multi-document summarization and the evaluation of multi-document summaries. In our approach, each sentence is represented as a distribution over topics, and each topic is a distribution over words. We compare the topic-sentence assignments discovered by a topic model to gold-standard assignments that were manually annotated on a set of closely related pairs of news articles. We observe a clear correspondence between automatically identified and annotated topics. The high accuracy of automatically discovered topic-sentence assignments suggests that topic models can be utilized to identify (sub-) sentential semantic content units.
A new insight into understanding the Crow and Champagne preferred mode: a numerical study

The paper presents a new insight into understanding a mechanism to trigger the Crow and Champagne preferred mode. It is shown on the basis of numerical simulations that the preferred mode is established as a result of nonlinear interactions of primary structures generated by the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. These interactions form larger coherent vortices characterized with frequency equal to half of the frequency of the primary perturbation. The paper shows that the shear-layer thickness at the nozzle exit constitutes a key parameter that influences significantly the jet response to an external forcing. The simulations were performed for jets with different shear-layer thicknesses. For the thicker shear layer the classical Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is observed. In this case the jet response to an external varicose forcing seems to be very similar to the experimental results of Crow and Champagne. The results presented shed new light on the preferred mode and the frequency selection mechanism confirming the suggestion of Crow and Champagne that nonlinearity is responsible for the preferred frequency. Significantly different results were obtained for a jet characterized by a thin shear layer. In this case the jet could be introduced into a self-sustained regime. External forcing with a frequency equal to the frequency of the natural self-sustained mode or with its subharmonic has practically no effect on the jet dynamics. The jet response to the forcing with frequencies different from the natural one depends on the forcing amplitude. A weak forcing disturbs the self-sustained mode leading to an interaction of two different modes that is observed in spectra with many frequencies related to both the self-sustained mode and the oscillations triggered by forcing. A stronger forcing suppresses the self-sustained mode and only the frequency components related to the stimulation are observed in the spectra. A mechanism responsible for the jet response to an external forcing under the self-sustained regime has not been extensively studied so far and a full understanding of these phenomena needs further studies and careful analysis.