Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Practicum Experience to Prepare Teacher Candidates for Classroom Literacy Instruction

A Clinical Practicum Experience to Prepare Teacher Candidates for Classroom Literacy Instruction by Karen. C. Waters 6 th Year Certificate in Supervision and Administration, Southern CT State University, 1995 MA, University of Bridgeport, 1979 BS, University of Bridgeport, 1972 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Teacher Leadership Walden University February 2011 Abstract There is a pervasive reading crisis in the United States. Critics, including policymakers, educators, literacy scholars, and professional educational organizations have openly accused university teacher preparation programs of not preparing candidates to deliver effective reading instruction. This qualitative study used narrative inquiry to exploreThere is a pervasive reading crisis in the United States. Critics, including policymakers, educators, literacy scholars, and professional educational organizations have openly accused university teacher preparation programs of not preparing candidates to deliver effective reading instruction. This qualitative study used narrative inquiry to explore ways in which teacher candidates' participation in a research-based university clinical practicum contributed to their pedagogical understanding of literacy instruction. Conceptually this study was based on constructivism and the ideas of Dewey, Freire, Vygotsky, and Schon. Data collection included multiple interviews and observations to determine how teacher candidates’ participation in clinical practicum affects their assumptions about literacy instruction. Interpretive initially emanated from inductive analysis involving a typological framework, and proceeded to an in-depth level of interpretation and data transformation and member-checking to verify participants’ evolving stories. Results of the study indicated that the clinical experience imbued teacher candidates with the confidence, skills, and knowledge to affect the literate lives of all children. Further, interpretation of findings revealed that teaching a child to read gave preservice teachers opportunities to explore multiple teaching approaches for ethnically, culturally, and linguistically diverse learners, while working through paradigmatic barriers and preconceived beliefs. Ultimately, this study helped the teacher candidate realize that the work of an emissary for social change begins with a commitment to increase the quality of life for the children they teach through masterful and responsive teaching. A Clinical Practicum Experience to Prepare Teacher Candidates for Classroom Literacy Instruction by Karen. C. Waters 6 th Year Certificate in Supervision and Administration, Southern CT State University, 1996 MA, University of Bridgeport, 1979 BS, University of Bridgeport, 1972 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Teacher Leadership Walden University February 2011
Cell tracing reveals a dorsoventral lineage restriction plane in the mouse limb bud mesenchyme

Regionalization of embryonic fields into independent units of growth and patterning is a widespread strategy during metazoan development. Compartments represent a particular instance of this regionalization, in which unit coherence is maintained by cell lineage restriction between adjacent regions. Lineage compartments have been described during insect and vertebrate development. Two common characteristics of the compartments described so far are their occurrence in epithelial structures and the presence of signaling regions at compartment borders. Whereas Drosophila compartmental organization represents a background subdivision of embryonic fields that is not necessarily related to anatomical structures, vertebrate compartment borders described thus far coincide with, or anticipate, anatomical or cell-type discontinuities. Here, we describe a general method for clonal analysis in the mouse and use it to determine the topology of clone distribution along the three limb axes. We identify a lineage restriction boundary at the limb mesenchyme dorsoventral border that is unrelated to any anatomical discontinuity, and whose lineage restriction border is not obviously associated with any signaling center. This restriction is the first example in vertebrates of a mechanism of primordium subdivision unrelated to anatomical boundaries. Furthermore, this is the first lineage compartment described within a mesenchymal structure in any organism, suggesting that lineage restrictions are fundamental not only for epithelial structures, but also for mesenchymal field patterning. No lineage compartmentalization was found along the proximodistal or anteroposterior axes, indicating that patterning along these axes does not involve restriction of cell dispersion at specific axial positions.
Community Health Navigators for Breast- and Cervical-Cancer Screening Among Cambodian and Laotian Women: Intervention Strategies and Relationship-Building Processes

In recent years, there has been a growing number of programs employing health navigators to assist underserved individuals in overcoming barriers to obtaining regular and quality health care. This article describes the perspectives and experiences of community-based health navigators in the Cambodian and Laotian communities involved in a REACH 2010 project to reduce health disparities in breast and cervical cancer among Pacific Islander and Southeast Asian communities in California. These community health navigators, who have extensive training and knowledge about the cultural, historical, and structural needs and resources of their communities, are well equipped to build trusting relationships with community members traditionally ignored by the mainstream medical system. By comparing the different social support roles and intervention strategies employed by community health navigators in diverse communities, we can better understand how these valuable change agents of the health workforce are effective in improving health access and healthy behaviors for underserved communities.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activity at a post-translational level in hepatic stellate cells

Diminished activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR ) is implicated in activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), a critical event in development of liver fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated PPAR regulation by tumor necrosis factor (TNF ) in a HSC cell line designated as BSC. In BSC, TNF decreased both basal and ligand (GW1929)-induced PPAR mRNA levels without changing its protein expression. Nuclear extracts from BSC treated with TNF showed decreased binding of PPAR to PPAR-responsive element (PPRE) as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In BSC transiently transfected with a PPAR 1 expression vector and a PPRE-luciferase reporter gene, TNF decreased both basal and GW1929-induced transactivation of the PPRE promoter. TNF increased activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase (JNK), previously implicated in phosphorylation of Ser of PPAR 1 and resultant negative regulation of PPAR transactivity. In fact, TNF failed to inhibit transactivity of a SerAla PPAR 1 mutant in BSC. TNF -mediated inhibition of PPAR transactivity was not blocked with a SerAla/SerAla mutant of inhibitory NF B (I B ). These results suggest that TNF inhibits PPAR transactivity in cultured HSC at least in part by diminished PPAR -PPRE (DNA) binding and ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of Ser of PPAR 1, but not via the NF B pathway.
Porphyromonas gingivalis initiates a mesenchymal‐like transition through ZEB1 in gingival epithelial cells

The oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with the development of cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we show that infection of gingival epithelial cells with P. gingivalis induces expression and nuclear localization of the ZEB1 transcription factor, which controls epithelial–mesenchymal transition. P. gingivalis also caused an increase in ZEB1 expression as a dual species community with Fusobacterium nucleatum or Streptococcus gordonii. Increased ZEB1 expression was associated with elevated ZEB1 promoter activity and did not require suppression of the miR‐200 family of microRNAs. P. gingivalis strains lacking the FimA fimbrial protein were attenuated in their ability to induce ZEB1 expression. ZEB1 levels correlated with an increase in expression of mesenchymal markers, including vimentin and MMP‐9, and with enhanced migration of epithelial cells into matrigel. Knockdown of ZEB1 with siRNA prevented the P. gingivalis‐induced increase in mesenchymal markers and epithelial cell migration. Oral infection of mice by P. gingivalis increased ZEB1 levels in gingival tissues, and intracellular P. gingivalis were detected by antibody staining in biopsy samples from OSCC. These findings indicate that FimA‐driven ZEB1 expression could provide a mechanistic basis for a P. gingivalis contribution to OSCC.
Ubiquity of log-normal distributions in intra-cellular reaction dynamics

The discovery of two fundamental laws concerning cellular dynamics with recursive growth is reported. Firstly, the chemical abundances measured over many cells were found to obey a log-normal distribution and secondly, the relationship between the average and standard deviation of the abundances was found to be linear. The ubiquity of these laws was explored both theoretically and experimentally. By means of a model with a catalytic reaction network, the laws were shown to exist near a critical state with efficient self-reproduction. Additionally, by measuring distributions of fluorescent proteins in bacteria cells, the ubiquity of log-normal distribution of protein abundances was confirmed. Relevance of these findings to cellular function and biological plasticity is briefly discussed.
Being a parent of a child with a disability in Italy: from diagnosis to starting school

The birth of a child with a disability is a critical event for the whole family. Through in-depth interviews and two focus groups, I collected the testimonies of a group of parents who talked about their experience from being given the diagnosis to their children starting school. The data were analysed using a phenomenological approach in order to report the participants’ points of view. The results show the importance of three key elements that can affect the experience: how the diagnosis is communicated; a comparison with what society defines as normal; family involvement in the creation of a program that helps the child with a disability to start school. Collaboration between teachers and families can help families to take an active role and to design interventions that will enable both the child and the parents to have positive experiences regarding school.
A New Approach to Health Services and Pharmacy in Cuba

In December 17, 2014, U.S. President Barack Obama surprised the world by announcing his intention to enter into negotiations aimed at reestablishing diplomatic relations with Cuba. Since then, expectations and interest regarding the health system of that country have increased. This report focuses on the Cuban health and pharmacy systems from a practical and educational standpoint. Pharmaceutical services, strengths, opportunities, and challenges are described. Cuba's new trends toward patient‐centered care are analyzed to provide insights for developing pharmaceutical care practice and implementing policies suitable for practice in all health care settings.
Developmental Links between the Fetal and Adult Zones of the Adrenal Cortex Revealed by Lineage Tracing

ABSTRACT The nuclear receptor Ad4BP/SF-1 is essential for development of the adrenal cortex and the gonads, which derive from a common adrenogonadal primordium. The adrenal cortex subsequently forms morphologically distinct compartments: the inner (fetal) and outer (definitive or adult) zones. Despite considerable effort, the mechanisms that mediate the differential development of the adrenal and gonadal primordia and the fetal and adult adrenal cortices remain incompletely understood. We previously identified a fetal adrenal-specific enhancer (FAdE) in the Ad4BP/SF-1 locus that directs transgene expression to the fetal adrenal cortex and demonstrated that this enhancer is autoregulated by Ad4BP/SF-1. We now combine the FAdE with the Cre/loxP system to trace cell lineages in which the FAdE was active at some stage in development. These lineage-tracing studies establish definitively that the adult cortex derives from precursor cells in the fetal cortex in which the FAdE was activated before the organization into two distinct zones. The potential of these fetal adrenocortical cells to enter the pathway that eventuates in cells of the adult cortex disappeared by embryonic day 14.5. Thus, these studies demonstrate a direct link between the fetal and adult cortices involving a transition that must occur before a specific stage of development.
A low-level processor group membership protocol for LANs

Presents a processor group membership protocol designed to run on top of a local area network. The protocol maintains information about a selected group of stations that explicitly join the protocol by keeping a replica of a global membership table at every member. Additionally, the protocol guarantees that a given station always occupies the same entry in the table. As a result, table indexes uniquely and universally identify a station and can thus be used as short identifiers. The interest of a processor group membership is twofold: it is a powerful auxiliary for process group membership management and it provides support for efficient message addressing. <<ETX>>
CD59, a Complement Regulatory Protein, Controls Choroidal Neovascularization in a Mouse Model of Wet-Type Age-Related Macular Degeneration1

We have shown that membrane attack complex (MAC) formation via the activation of the alternative pathway plays a central role in the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV). This study was undertaken to understand the role of a complement regulatory protein, CD59, which controls MAC assembly and function, in this model. CNV was induced by laser photocoagulation in C57BL/6 and Cd59a−/− mice using an argon laser. Animals from each group were sacrificed on day 1, 3, 5, and 7 postlaser. Retinal pigment epithelium-choroid-scleral tissue was examined to determine the incidence and size of CNV complex, and semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis for CD59a was studied. Recombinant soluble mouse CD59a-IgG2a fusion (rsCD59a-Fc) protein was injected via i.p. or intravitreal routes 24 h before laser. Our results demonstrated that CD59a (both mRNA and protein) was down-regulated during laser-induced CNV. Cd59a−/− mice developed CNV complex early in the disease process. Increased MAC deposition was also observed in these Cd59a−/− mice. Administration of rsCD59a-Fc inhibited the development of CNV complex in the mouse model by blocking MAC formation and also inhibited expression of angiogenic growth factors. These data provide strong evidence that CD59a plays a crucial role in regulating complement activation and MAC formation essential for the release of growth factors that drive the development of laser-induced CNV in mice. Thus, our results suggest that the inhibition of complement by soluble CD59 may provide a novel therapeutic alternative to current treatment.
Denoising Dictionary Learning Against Adversarial Perturbations

We propose denoising dictionary learning (DDL), a simple yet effective technique as a protection measure against adversarial perturbations. We examined denoising dictionary learning on MNIST and CIFAR10 perturbed under two different perturbation techniques, fast gradient sign (FGSM) and jacobian saliency maps (JSMA). We evaluated it against five different deep neural networks (DNN) representing the building blocks of most recent architectures indicating a successive progression of model complexity of each other. We show that each model tends to capture different representations based on their architecture. For each model we recorded its accuracy both on the perturbed test data previously misclassified with high confidence and on the denoised one after the reconstruction using dictionary learning. The reconstruction quality of each data point is assessed by means of PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and Structure Similarity Index (SSI). We show that after applying (DDL) the reconstruction of the original data point from a noisy
Relationship between lightning and model simulated microphysical parameters over the central and eastern Mediterranean

Abstract. In this study the relationship between lightning and simulated microphysical parameters of clouds, is examined. In order to investigate such a relationship, a number of cases with significant lightning activity that occurred during the wet period of the year over the central and eastern Mediterranean have been selected, based on the lightning activity reported by the ZEUS lighting detection network, operated by the National Observatory of Athens. For the same cases, simulations with the non-hydrostatic MM5 model were performed with the aim of reproducing the dynamical and microphysical parameters associated with the weather systems that produced lightning. The analysis showed that the temporal distribution of convective rainfall is not well correlated with that of lightning, while on the contrary, the temporal distribution of the simulated concentrations of solid hydrometeors correlates well with lightning and there is also a general coincidence of their maxima. Further, it was shown that the best correlation was found during the development stage of the storms, while during the decay phase the number of lightning decreases much faster that the simulated concentrations of solid hydrometeors.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Differential Diagnosis and Prognostic Values of Its Different Variants: Review of the Literature

Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common thyroid malignancy, and has an excellent prognosis, even with cervical lymph node metastasis; however, histological variants are considered relevant, which may be associated with familial adenomatous polyposis and tumor aggressiveness. Histological features, such as vascular and/or lymphatic invasion, angiogenesis, multifocality, high cellular proliferation rate, neoplastic cell dissemination, and the histological varieties, are indicative of poor prognosis, together with associated clinical factors: age, sex, and tumor size.
Concept-aware Live Programming: Integrating Topic Models for Program Comprehension into Live Programming Environments

1 MOTIVATION Live programing environments, such as Smalltalk, are valued for allowing program changes at run-time while the full execution state is accessible for inspection [12]. The resulting immediacy of feedback motivates continuous and ne-grained change, exploration, and checking of hypotheses the programmer might have generated by recognizing familiar names and structures. However, liveness alone does not guarantee a high-level understanding of the system at hand. Programmers might be oblivious to the original mental model from which terminology and architecture were drawn [3, 8]. This promotes inconsistent naming, missing relevant dependencies during a change, duplicating functionality, or failure to nd a variation point to add a new requirement. A recent approach to allocate concepts to program parts are latent topic models, which identify concept-speci c terminology chosen by programmers. In the context of this work, we extend topic modeling to handle some of the information needs in a live programming environment. We hypothesize that machine learning and live programming can jointly contribute to program comprehension at the level of static code, run-time behavior, and state.
Incident reporting by acute pain service at a tertiary care university hospital

Background and Aims: Provision of effective and safe postoperative pain management is the principal responsibility of acute pain services (APSs). Continuous quality assurance is essential for high-quality patient care. We initiated anonymous reporting of critical incidents by APS to ensure continuous quality improvement and here present prospectively collected data on the reported incidents. Our objective was to analyze the frequency and nature of incidents and to see if any harm was caused to patients. Material and Methods: Data were collected from January 1, 2012 to September 30, 2013. An incident related to pain management was defined as An incident that occurs in a patient receiving pain management supervised by APS, and causes or has the potential to cause harm or affects patient safety. A form was filled including incident type, personnel involved, any harm caused, and steps taken to rectify it. Frequencies and percentages were computed for categorical variables. Results: A total of 2042 patients were seen and 442 (21.64%) incidents reported during the study period, including documentation errors (136/31%), noncompliance with protocols (113/25.56%), wrong combination of drugs (56/12.66%), premature discontinuation (74/16.72%), prolonged delays in change of syringes (27/6.10%), loss to follow-up (19/4.29%), administration of contraindicated drugs (9/2.03%), catheter pull-outs (6/1.35%), and faulty equipment (2/0.45%). Steps were taken to rectify the errors accordingly. No harm was caused to any patient. Conclusion: Reporting of untoward incidents and their regular analysis by APS is recommended to ensure high-quality patient care and to provide guidance in making teaching strategies and guidelines to improve patient safety.
Efficient and Precise Dynamic Slicing for Client-Side JavaScript Programs

JavaScript is the de facto dominant programming language for developing web applications. Most popular websites are using JavaScript, especially to develop client-side features. Being syntactically flexible and highly dynamic, JavaScript is easy to use and productive, but its code is known to be less maintainable. The task of maintaining client-side JavaScript code is further complicated by the pervasive interactions between JavaScript code and HTML elements, through browsers. In this paper, we present JS-Slicer, a dynamic slicer for JavaScript, to ease the task of understanding and debugging practical client-side JavaScript code. JS-Slicer defines three types of dependences, including data dependences, control dependences, and DOM dependences, to capture all relationships between program elements. JS-Slicer extends a novel dynamic analysis framework and combines dynamic and static analysis to precisely capture the dependences at run-time. A lot of language specific issues are properly handled, which enables JS-Slicer to slice practical JavaScript code. Our evaluation on six real-world web applications and JavaScript libraries shows that JS-Slicer is both precise and efficient: on average it captures around 40K dependences in 2.5K lines of code, in less than 3.0 seconds.