Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation and prostate cancer prevention in the SU.VI.MAX trial

Randomized trials have shown, unexpectedly, that supplementation with selenium or vitamin E is associated with a reduction of prostate cancer risk. We assess whether a supplementation with low doses of antioxidant vitamins and minerals could reduce the occurrence of prostate cancer and influence biochemical markers. The SU.VI. MAX trial comprised 5,141 men randomized to take either a placebo or a supplementation with nutritional doses of vitamin C, vitamin E, β‐carotene, selenium and zinc daily for 8 years. Biochemical markers of prostate cancer risk such as prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) were measured on plasma samples collected at enrollment and at the end of follow‐up from 3,616 men. Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio and related 95% confidence interval of prostate cancer associated with the supplementation and to examine whether the effect differed among predetermined susceptible subgroups. During the follow‐up, 103 cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed. Overall, there was a moderate nonsignificant reduction in prostate cancer rate associated with the supplementation (hazard ratio = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.60–1.29). However, the effect differed significantly between men with normal baseline PSA (< 3 μg/L) and those with elevated PSA (p = 0.009). Among men with normal PSA, there was a marked statistically significant reduction in the rate of prostate cancer for men receiving the supplements (hazard ratio = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.29–0.92). In men with elevated PSA at baseline, the supplementation was associated with an increased incidence of prostate cancer of borderline statistical significance (hazard ratio = 1.54; 95% CI = 0.87–2.72). The supplementation had no effect on PSA or IGF levels. Our findings support the hypothesis that chemoprevention of prostate cancer can be achieved with nutritional doses of antioxidant vitamins and minerals. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE EFFECT OF VARYING THE INTENSITY AND THE DURATION OF PREEXPOSURE UPON FOVEAL DARK ADAPTATION IN THE HUMAN EYE

The course of foveal dark adaptation was studied as a function of the intensity and duration of preexposure. Four intensities (11,300, 5,650, 1,130, and 565 mL.) and four durations (300, 150, 30, and 15 seconds) were used in all combinations of intensity and duration. The threshold-measuring instrument was a monocular Hecht-Shlaer adaptometer and the threshold measurements were recorded in log micromicrolamberts. There were two subjects and each went through the complete series of intensities and durations five times. The five logarithmic values obtained for each threshold were converted into a geometric mean and these means were the data used in the analysis of the results. The chief results were as follows:— 1. For each subject the final steady threshold value was in the region of 7.0 log µµL. 2. As the intensity, or duration, or both, were increased the initial foveal dark adaptation threshold rose, the slope of the curve decreased, and the time to reach a final steady threshold value increased. 3. For those values of preexposure intensity and time for which the product, I x t, is a constant it was found that for the two higher intensities and two longer durations and also for the two lower intensities and two shorter durations, the dark adaptation curves were the same. For other values of I x t = C the curves were generally not the same.
EULAR/ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis

In this article, the 2009 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) have been updated. The 2009 recommendations were on the management of primary small and medium vessel vasculitis. The 2015 update has been developed by an international task force representing EULAR, the European Renal Association and the European Vasculitis Society (EUVAS). The recommendations are based upon evidence from systematic literature reviews, as well as expert opinion where appropriate. The evidence presented was discussed and summarised by the experts in the course of a consensus-finding and voting process. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendations were derived and levels of agreement (strengths of recommendations) determined. In addition to the voting by the task force members, the relevance of the recommendations was assessed by an online voting survey among members of EUVAS. Fifteen recommendations were developed, covering general aspects, such as attaining remission and the need for shared decision making between clinicians and patients. More specific items relate to starting immunosuppressive therapy in combination with glucocorticoids to induce remission, followed by a period of remission maintenance; for remission induction in life-threatening or organ-threatening AAV, cyclophosphamide and rituximab are considered to have similar efficacy; plasma exchange which is recommended, where licensed, in the setting of rapidly progressive renal failure or severe diffuse pulmonary haemorrhage. These recommendations are intended for use by healthcare professionals, doctors in specialist training, medical students, pharmaceutical industries and drug regulatory organisations.
The Concept of Mind: 60th Anniversary Edition

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Financial Time Series Forecasting – A Deep Learning Approach

—This paper is intended as a follow up to a previous study of ours - Financial Time Series Forecasting - A Machine Learning Approach. The aforementioned study evaluates traditional machine learning techniques for the task of financial time series forecasting. In this paper, we attempt to make use of the same base dataset, with the difference of making use of a novel branch of machine learning techniques known as Deep Learning. These techniques have been introduced with the objective of moving Machine Learning closer to one of its original goals: Artificial Intelligence. These deep architectures are known to excel in tasks such as image and text recognition, but have not been exploited as much in the field of finance. In particular, for this study we will be making use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to forecast the next period price direction with respect to the current price. We achieve an accuracy of 65% when forecasting the next month price direction and 60% for the next week price direction forecast. Whilst these results are anything but random, we are not able to match or surpass results obtained by industry leading techniques such as Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machines.
A Graphical mission planning tool for use in mine counter measure (MCM) operations

Recently, unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) have been proposed for many applications including environmental monitoring, the oil industry, aquatic life research, law enforcement and military applications. One particular military application involves using UUVs for mine countermeasure (MCM) operations. In 2003 during operation dasiaIraqi Freedompsila a Hydroid REMUS UUV was first used to search for mines in the Northern Arabian Gulf as part of a live MCM exercise. Since then the idea of using these types of vehicles for MCM has gained much popularity. In recent years many companies, academic institutions, and research organizations have taken it upon themselves to create mission planning software for UUV operations that provide an operator with many tools to easily create missions. However, many of these tools still require the operator to do much of the work by hand. Even during mission execution the operator may be required to intervene to resolve any issues that may arise with a particular vehicle and re-task the remaining vehicles. Some of the existing tools do offer these dynamic mission planning capabilities, but many of the other tools out there do not. Our main focuses in this paper is to extend this previous work by offering a new tool that allows an operator to easily specify MCM missions using a graphical interface, automatically generate a set of tasks for a group of cooperating UUVs and provide the operator with the ability to automatically re-plan certain aspects of the mission while it executes. Our tool offers two main benefits. First, the operator can easily create missions without having to write a single line of source code or worry about details of generating a set of tasks for a group of UUVs. Second, our tool alleviates the operator from the burden of manually re-tasking vehicles during mission execution as mission parameters and objectives change. We hope our proposed tool will further reduce any potential errors introduced to the mission and lend towards successful mission creation and completion for a group of cooperating UUVs.
Implementing Dementia Care Mapping to develop person‐centred care: results of a process evaluation within the Leben‐QD II trial

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate Dementia Care Mapping implementation in nursing homes. BACKGROUND Dementia Care Mapping, an internationally applied method for supporting and enhancing person-centred care for people with dementia, must be successfully implemented into care practice for its effective use. Various factors influence the implementation of complex interventions such as Dementia Care Mapping; few studies have examined the specific factors influencing Dementia Care Mapping implementation. DESIGN A convergent parallel mixed-methods design embedded in a quasi-experimental trial was used to assess Dementia Care Mapping implementation success and influential factors. METHODS From 2011-2013, nine nursing units in nine different nursing homes implemented either Dementia Care Mapping (n = 6) or a periodic quality of life measurement using the dementia-specific instrument QUALIDEM (n = 3). Diverse data (interviews, n = 27; questionnaires, n = 112; resident records, n = 81; and process documents) were collected. Each data set was separately analysed and then merged to comprehensively portray the implementation process. RESULTS Four nursing units implemented the particular intervention without deviating from the preplanned intervention. Translating Dementia Care Mapping results into practice was challenging. Necessary organisational preconditions for Dementia Care Mapping implementation included well-functioning networks, a dementia-friendly culture and flexible organisational structures. Involved individuals' positive attitudes towards Dementia Care Mapping also facilitated implementation. Precisely planning the intervention and its implementation, recruiting champions who supported Dementia Care Mapping implementation and having well-qualified, experienced project coordinators were essential to the implementation process. CONCLUSIONS For successful Dementia Care Mapping implementation, it must be embedded in a systematic implementation strategy considering the specific setting. Organisational preconditions may need to be developed before Dementia Care Mapping implementation. Necessary steps may include team building, developing and realising a person-centred care-based mission statement or educating staff regarding general dementia care. The implementation strategy may include attracting and involving individuals on different hierarchical levels in Dementia Care Mapping implementation and supporting staff to translate Dementia Care Mapping results into practice. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The identified facilitating factors can guide Dementia Care Mapping implementation strategy development.
Cold storage sensitizes hepatocytes to oxidative stress injury

Abstract Liver cold storage leads to oxygen free radical production and reperfusion injury. Antioxidants are effective in suppressing reperfusion injury in rat livers when used in the reperfusion medium. However, in clinical liver transplantation their effectiveness is not clear, which may be due to the way they are used (in the recipient). In this study we compare the effectiveness of antioxidants when used in the reperfusion medium versus the cold storage solution in isolated hepatocytes and the isolated perfused liver. Hepatocytes were cold stored in UW solution for 24 h. Oxidative stress, induced by t-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP), was measured in the presence of one of five different antioxidants – deferoxamine (DFO), dithiothreitol (DTT), trolox, tocopherol, dimethylthiourea (DMTU) – in the reperfusion buffer or UW solution. Efficacy was judged by reduction in membrane damage (LDH release) during rewarming. Also, rat livers were cold stored for 48 h in UW solution ( ± antioxidant) and reperfused ( ± antioxidants). Efficacy was judged by the effect on enzyme release and bile production. Cold storage of hepatocytes for 24 h sensitized them to oxidative stress. The concentration of tBHP required to induce maximal cell death (80 %–90 % LDH release) was reduced from 1.3 mM (fresh cells) to 0.37 mM (LD-50 values). All antioxidants except DMTU suppressed oxyradical-induced LDH release when used in the reperfusion medium, but only DFO was effective when used in the UW solution. In the isolated perfused liver, DFO, DTT, and trolox were effective and suppressed enzyme release when added to the reperfusion buffer, but none were effective when used in the UW solution. We conclude that cold storage sensitizes liver cells to oxidative stress. The most effective antioxidant was the iron chealator, DFO, which was effective in the reperfusion buffer (isolated perfused liver or hepatocytes) but not in the UW solution when tested in the isolated perfused liver. Suppression of reperfusion injury in liver transplantation could be obtained by antioxidant therapy. However, it is unclear how best to deliver the antioxidants to the site of oxyradical generation.
The ignition and control condition for the useful discharge in a GlidArc reactor with plane geometry and auxiliary electrodes

The paper refers to the optimal operation of GlidArc type cold plasma plane-symmetrical electrochemical reactors with auxiliary electrodes and proposes the correct definition for the position of the auxiliary electrodes when designing the device. This proposes considering the capacities that characterize the ignition and distribution of the pilot electrical discharge between the E1 - A1 - A2 - E2 electrodes and defines the analytical optimal operation condition for the device, leading to an irrational equation having the position of the auxiliary electrodes as solution. Highly correlated with experimental observations, it is found that one or two positions of the auxiliary electrodes can be defined for the convenient evolution of the auxiliary discharge, allowing the command and control of the main electrical discharge in a GlidArc reactor.
Opportunity Discovery and Creation as a Duality: Evidence from Small Firms’ Foreign Market Entries

Little research addresses the likely enabling character of the discovery and creation of opportunities during the internationalization of small firms or how international opportunities are found and constructed during the process of foreign market entry (FME). This article therefore studies how opportunities become connected during small firms’ FME. By incorporating the concept of duality, this article conceives of the discovery and creation of opportunity as mutually enabling rather than opposed. From this duality perspective, opportunity discovery and creation facilitate each other during internationalization processes. This case study involves five high-tech Australian firms and 30 FMEs. The findings show that knowledge, networks, and capabilities enable opportunities in the FME context. International opportunities are connected and nested in different levels of generality and specificity. The FME opportunities may be based on opportunity embeddedness, because each opportunity has implications for other opportunities. The findings lead to a model and propositions to explain the relationships between opportunity discovery and creation in FME.
Identifying Sustainability and Knowledge Gaps in Socio-Economic Pathways Vis-à-Vis the Sustainable Development Goals

With the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the global community has set itself an ambitious development agenda. Current analytical and quantitative modeling capabilities fall short of being able to capture all 17 SDGs and their targets. Even highly ambitious and optimistic pathways currently used in research, such as SSP1/SSP1-2.6, do not meet all SDGs (sustainability gaps) and fail to provide information on some of them (knowledge gaps). We show that for research and modeling purposes, the SDG targets can serve as a basis but need to be operationalized to reduce complexity and also to account for long-term sustainability concerns beyond 2030. We have explored here the requirements for assessing more comprehensively the sustainability of development pathways, guided by holistic interpretation of the SDGs to enable an assessment of the potential embedded synergies and trade-offs between the economic, social and environmental objectives. We see this as call for action for science to work on filling these gaps. At the same time, this is also a call for policy makers and the global community to close the sustainability gaps that emerge from such analysis. We anticipate that such analysis will provide useful information for policy advice and investment decisions during implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda.
Implementation of standardized medical photography for cleft lip and palate audit

Much has been published relating to the treatment and surgical outcome of cleft lip and palate disorders. Clinical audit is one of the most important tools for assessing the quality of care provided, with medical photography an invaluable component of this process. The Clinical Standards Advisory Group Report 1998 recommended that cleft lip and palate patients should be audited when 0 (under 1 year of age), and then at the ages of 5, 10, 15 and 20 years. For both audit and research purposes, medical photographs need to be accurate and of a consistently high standard. This paper describes the development of a standardized photographic protocol for cleft patients of audit age, to the benefit of both the multidisciplinary team and the patients.
Orai, STIM1 and iPLA2β: a view from a different perspective

The mechanism of store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) remains one of the intriguing mysteries in the field of Ca2+ signalling. Recent discoveries have resulted in the molecular identification of STIM1 as a Ca2+ sensor in endoplasmic reticulum, Orai1 (CRACM1) as a plasma membrane channel that is activated by the store‐operated pathway, and iPLA2β as an essential component of signal transduction from the stores to the plasma membrane channels. Numerous studies have confirmed that molecular knock‐down of any one of these three molecules impair SOCE in a wide variety of cell types, but their mutual relations are far from being understood. This report will focus on the functional roles of Orai1, STIM1 and iPLA2β, and will address some specific questions about Orai1 and TRPC1, and their relation to SOC channels in excitable and non‐excitable cells. Also, it will analyse the novel role of STIM1 as a trigger for CIF production, and the complex relationship between STIM1 and Orai1 expression, puncta formation and SOCE activation. It will highlight some of the most recent findings that may challenge simple conformational coupling models of SOCE, and will offer some new perspectives on the complex relationships between Orai1, STIM1 and iPLA2β in the SOCE pathway.
Language learning experiences and learning strategy shifts : voices of Chinese (Master) students in one UK university

Although there has been considerable research into Language Learning Strategies (LLS) in a variety of educational and cultural contexts, it is still the case that there have been few sociocultural LLS studies that have tried to understand learners’ approaches to learning and using a second language within a particular cultural context. In contrast to widespread LLS studies conducted within a cognitive psychology framework, this interpretive study has attempted to understand the dynamics of the shifts and developments in language learning strategies used by a group of Chinese Masters students in a UK University within a sociocultural theoretical framework. A qualitative approach was used in this research. Data was collected at three stages over a time span of one year of Chinese students' MA academic study in the UK. The first and second stage data collection involved interviews that explored the participants’ LLS use and how this changed and developed during their period of study abroad. The third stage data collection involved a questionnaire survey to validate whether the salient findings identified from the first and second stage interviews also applied to a wider group. Findings suggest the overall characteristics of the participants’ LLS use tend to be creative, flexible, voluntary and independent. The participants’ dynamic changing language learning strategies were shaped by interaction with various social mediating agents: peers, teachers and tutors and other native speakers, social material resources, technology and other artefacts, socio-contextual realities, assessment modes, and all in interaction with learner agency. The outcomes provide insightful and useful guidance to Chinese university students who are planning to pursue their higher education abroad in English-speaking education systems and offer suggestions to teachers and policy makers in China and the UK about the kinds of support that they can offer Chinese students, especially in terms of the development of their competence in their studies through English.