Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neighbourhood food environment and area deprivation: spatial accessibility to grocery stores selling fresh fruit and vegetables in urban and rural settings.

BACKGROUND The 'deprivation amplification' hypothesis suggests that residents of deprived neighbourhoods have universally poorer access to high-quality food environments, which in turn contributes to the development of spatial inequalities in diet and diet-related chronic disease. This paper presents results from a study that quantified access to grocery stores selling fresh fruit and vegetables in four environmental settings in Scotland, UK. METHODS Spatial accessibility, as measured by network travel times, to 457 grocery stores located in 205 neighbourhoods in four environmental settings (island, rural, small town and urban) in Scotland was calculated using Geographical Information Systems. The distribution of accessibility by neighbourhood deprivation in each of these four settings was investigated. RESULTS Overall, the most deprived neighbourhoods had the best access to grocery stores and grocery stores selling fresh produce. Stratified analysis by environmental setting suggests that the least deprived compared with the most deprived urban neighbourhoods have greater accessibility to grocery stores than their counterparts in island, rural and small town locations. Access to fresh produce is better in more deprived compared with less deprived urban and small town neighbourhoods, but poorest in the most affluent island communities with mixed results for rural settings. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here suggest that the assumption of a universal 'deprivation amplification' hypothesis in studies of the neighbourhood food environment may be misguided. Associations between neighbourhood deprivation and grocery store accessibility vary by environmental setting. Theories and policies aimed at understanding and rectifying spatial inequalities in the distribution of neighbourhood exposures for poor diet need to be context specific.
Reconsidering Cross-lingual Word Embeddings

While cross-lingual word embeddings have been studied exte nsiv ly in recent years, the qualitative differences between the different algorithms remains vague. We observe that whether or not an algorithm uses a particular feature set (sentence IDs) ac counts for a significant performance gap among these algorithms. This feature set is also used by t raditional alignment algorithms, such as IBM Model-1, which demonstrate similar performance to state-of-the-art embedding algorithms on a variety of benchmarks. Overall, we observe tha t different algorithmic approaches for utilizing the sentence ID feature space result in simila r performance. This paper draws both empirical and theoretical parallels between the embedding and alignment literature, and suggests that adding additional sources of information, which go beyond the traditional signal of bilingual sentence-aligned corpora, is an appealing appro ach for substantially improving crosslingual word embeddings.
Simulation of Daily Snapshot Rhythm Monitoring to Identify Atrial Fibrillation in Continuously Monitored Patients with Stroke Risk Factors

Background New technologies are diffusing into medical practice swiftly. Hand-held devices such as smartphones can record short-duration (e.g., 1-minute) ECGs, but their effectiveness in identifying patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. Methods We used data from the TRENDS study, which included 370 patients (mean age 71 years, 71% men, CHADS2 score≥1 point: mean 2.3 points) who had no documentation of atrial tachycardia (AT)/AF or antiarrhythmic or anticoagulant drug use at baseline. All were subsequently newly diagnosed with AT/AF by a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) over one year of follow-up. Using a computer simulation approach (5,000 repetitions), we estimated the detection rate for paroxysmal AT/AF via daily snapshot ECG monitoring over various periods, with the probability of detection equal to the percent AT/AF burden on each day. Results The estimated AT/AF detection rates with snapshot monitoring periods of 14, 28, 56, 112, and 365 days were 10%, 15%, 21%, 28%, and 50% respectively. The detection rate over 365 days of monitoring was higher in those with CHADS2 scores ≥2 than in those with CHADS2 scores of 1 (53% vs. 38%), and was higher in those with AT/AF burden ≥0.044 hours/day compared to those with AT/AF burden <0.044 hours/day (91% vs. 14%; both P<0.05). Conclusions Daily snapshot ECG monitoring over 365 days detects half of patients who developed AT/AF as detected by CIED, and shorter intervals of monitoring detected fewer AT/AF patients. The detection rate was associated with individual CHADS2 score and AT/AF burden. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00279981
DROPLET FATE IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS , OR CAN WE PREVENT THE SPREAD OF INFECTION ?

When considering how people are infected and what can be done to prevent the infections, answers from many disciplines are sought: microbiology, epidemiology, medicine, engineering and physics. There are many pathways to infection spread, and among the most significant, from an epidemiological point of view, is airborne transport. Microorganisms can become airborne when droplets are generated during speech, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, or atomisation of faeces during sewage removal. The fate of the droplets is governed by the physical principles of transport, with droplet size being the most important factor affecting their dispersion, deposition on surfaces and determining the survival of microorganisms within the droplets. In addition physical characteristics of the indoor environment as well as the design and operation of building ventilation systems are of critical importance. Do we understand the mechanisms of infection spread and can we quantify the droplet dynamics under various indoor conditions? Unfortunately no, as this aspect of infection spread has attracted surprisingly little scientific interest. However, investigations of numerous cases in which a large number of people were infected show how critical the physics of microorganism spread can be. This paper reviews the state of knowledge regarding mechanisms of droplet spread and solutions available to minimize the spread and prevent infections.
THE GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATION FROM A POINT SOURCE

The Advection-Diffusion Equation (ADE) is solved for a constant pollutant emission from a point-like source placed inside an unstable Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL). The solution is obtained adopting the novel analytical approach named Generalized Integral Laplace Transform Technique (GILTT). The concentration solution of the equation is expressed through an infinite series expansion. After setting a realistic scenario through the wind and diffusivity parameterizations the Ground Level Concentration (GLC) is worked out, then an explicit approximate expression is provided for it allowing an analytic simple expression for the position and value of the maximum. Remarks arise on the ability to express value and position of the GLC as an explicit function of the parameters defining the ABL scenario and the source height.
Textual Immaturity: Bisexuality, Textuality and Adolescence

ABSTRACT The article takes a common stereotype of bisexuality—as ‘immature’—and repurposes it as textual immaturity. The adolescent is a temporally in-between figure, sited ambiguously between past and future—a position analogous to that into which bisexuality is cast in monosexist discourse. Thus, bisexualities become a point from which to approach literary texts ‘immaturely. ’ The article argues that the positioning of bisexuality as a phase en route to fixed monosexual identity is a product of a broader investment in teleological narratives of maturation. Given its distinct relations to narrative temporality when denigrated as ‘immature,’ a critical focus on bisexuality can offer a site for resistance to this restrictive narrativity. The Buddha of Suburbia proves an exemplary text. The article reads Hanif Kureishi's novel, TV adaptation, and David Bowie's album to explore their bisexual textuality.
Yang–Mills gravity in biconformal space

We write a gravity theory with Yang–Mills-type action using the biconformal gauging of the conformal group. We show that the resulting biconformal Yang–Mills gravity theories describe 4-dim, scale-invariant general relativity in the case of slowly changing fields. In addition, we systematically extend arbitrary 4-dim Yang–Mills theories to biconformal space, providing a new arena for studying flat-space Yang–Mills theories. By applying the biconformal extension to a 4-dim pure Yang–Mills theory with conformal symmetry, we establish a 1-1, onto mapping between a set of gravitational gauge theories and 4-dim, flat-space gauge theories.
Can We Trust the Inter-Packet Time for Traffic Classification?

The identification of Internet applications is important for ISPs and network administrators to protect the network from unwanted traffic and prioritize some major applications. Statistical methods are widely used since they allow to classify applications according to their statistical signatures. They combine the statistical analysis of flow parameters, such as packet size and inter-packet time, with machine learning techniques. Previous works are mainly based on the packet size and the directions of the packets. In this work we make a complete study about the inter-packet time to prove that it is also a valuable information for the classification of Internet traffic. We discuss how to isolate the noise due to the network conditions and extract the time generated by the application. We present a model to preprocess the inter-packet time and use the result as input to the learning process. We discuss an iterative approach for the on line identification of the applications and we evaluate our method on two different real traces. The results show that the inter-packet time is an important parameter to classify Internet traffic.
On the Systemic Enterprise Architecture Methodology (Seam)

This paper presents an original methodology for Enterprise Architecture. Enterprise Architecture is the discipline whose purpose is to align more effectively the strategies of enterprises together with their processes and their resources (business and IT). Enterprise architecture is complex because it involves different types of practitioners with different goals and practices. Enterprise Architecture can be seen as an art; it is largely based on experience but does not have strong theoretical foundations. As a consequence, it is difficult to teach, to apply, and to support with computer-aided tools. This paper presents how system sciences, by defining the concept of the systemic paradigm, can provide these necessary theoretical foundations. Thanks to our systemic paradigm, the enterprise architects can improve their understanding of the existing methodologies and thus find explanations for the practical problems they encounter. This paper then gives a concrete example of the application of the systemic paradigm: the Systemic Enterprise Architecture Methodology (SEAM) - an original methodology. With SEAM, architects can use a methodology that alleviates most of their practical problems and that can be supported by a tool.
Design of High‐Speed CAVLC Decoder Architecture for H.264/AVC

In this paper, we propose hardware architecture for a high‐speed context‐adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) decoder in H.264. In the CAVLC decoder, the codeword length of the current decoding block is used to determine the next input bitstreams (valid bits). Since the computation of valid bits increases the total processing time of CAVLC, we propose two techniques to reduce processing time: one is to reduce the number of decoding steps by introducing a lookup table, and the other is to reduce cycles for calculating the valid bits. The proposed CAVLC decoder can decode 1920×1088 30 fps video in real time at a 30.8 MHz clock.
Static Backward Demand-Driven Slicing

Program slicing identifies the program parts that may affect certain properties of the program, such as the outcomes of conditions affecting the program flow. Ottenstein's Program Dependence Graph (PDG) based algorithm is the state-of-practice for static slicing today: it is well-suited in applications where many slices are computed, since the cost of building the PDG then can be amortized over the slices. But there are applications that require few slices of a given program, and where computing all the dependencies may be unnecessary. We present a light-weight interprocedural algorithm for backward static slicing where the data dependence analysis is done using a variant of the Strongly Live Variables (SLV) analysis. This allows us to avoid building the Data Dependence Graph, and to slice program statements "on-the-fly'' during the SLV analysis which is potentially faster for computing few slices. Furthermore we use an abstract interpretation-based value analysis to extend our slicing algorithm to slice low-level code, where data dependencies are not evident due to dynamically calculated addresses. Our algorithm computes slices as sets of Control Flow Graph nodes: we show how to adapt existing techniques to generate executable slices that correspond to semantically correct code, where jump statements have been inserted at appropriate places. We have implemented our slicing algorithms, and made an experimental evaluation comparing them with the standard PDG-based algorithm for a number of example programs. We obtain the same accuracy as for PDG-based slicing, sometimes with substantial improvements in performance.
Middle Level Principals' Parent Involvement Practices

The purpose of the exploratory research study was to identify middle level principals’ parent involvement practices. Parent involvement impacts students in positive ways, and a principal must have the ability to involve parents. The job description of a principal can be difficult to place on paper. Principals multitask throughout the day and often shift from leader to conflict resolver in a moment’s notice while also focusing on the safety and overall well-being of the entire school community. Principals play a significant role in making parents an integral part of the school by involving them in their child’s educational process. Principals need to develop a supportive and welcoming environment for both students and parents. The review of literature examines reasons why teachers may or may not involve parents, explains different models of parent involvement, and identifies barriers to parent involvement. Knowing the principal plays a key role in facilitating parent involvement, the overall aim of the exploratory study is to examine middle level principals’ parent involvement practices.Middle level principals in the western region of Pennsylvania were surveyed to determine how their current practices aligned with Joyce Epstein’s six parenting practices which include parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision making, and collaborating with the community. Findings indicate middle level principals engage in using practices within all six categories. Findings also indicate principals can improve practices that are more individualized for students and families. A need for professional development for principals and teachers in order to involve parents into the school community was identified.
Fixed-camera visual servoing of moving object using an event-based path generation

Visual servo control of robots has been recently considered and developed by many researchers. In this paper we have used a fixed camera for obtaining location and orientation of a moving object on a conveyor belt and then tracking the object. Tracking trajectory is obtained using a new event-based real-time path generation. Using the error signal obtained, which is difference between location of moving object and location of end-effector of the custom designed robot, a PID controller is used to track the generated trajectory. All programming problems are accomplished by Mathlab® and Simulik®. Two personal computers are used, one for image processing and other for control and path generation problem. Simulation results are shown to confirm our theory in tracking the object smoothly.
ANALYSIS LEARNING SOCIAL SCIENCE CHARGED THE VALUES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN PRIMARY SCHOOL (Case Study in Social Science Education in Class IV SDPN Pajagalan 58 Bandung)

Abstract . Entrepreneurship education is a government program that is conducted every level of education. Implementation of the values of entrepreneurship learning in primary schools is an effort to promote entrepreneurship, so that people can develop into a reliable personal and be the generation that can create jobs. This study aims to assess the extent to which the learning of Social Sciences can provide space in growing the value of entrepreneurship in primary school students. This research was conducted in SDPN Pajagalan 58 with qualitative approach case study method. The subject is the person responsible for entrepreneurship education program, one teacher of Social Sciences and seventeen students of class IV. Based on the survey results revealed that entrepreneurship education program has been designed as possible into school programs that are implemented on an ongoing basis. The values of entrepreneurship has been published in school activities such as extracurricular activities, events and activities programmed habituation. Planning learning Social Sciences laden entrepreneurial values starting from the manufacture of the syllabus and lesson plans. Implementation of classroom learning is done in accordance with the lesson plan gives more space for students to develop a personality. Assessment of learning laden entrepreneurial values is done through observation and checks on student attendance. At the time of the learning takes place, the student has demonstrated an attitude / entrepreneurial character that is honest, self-discipline, confidence, leadership, creative, independent, hard work, responsibility, curiosity, communicative, and cooperation. The main problem is the plan that is prepared teacher is not maximized and not yet fully apply in learning. From the results of this study are expected to provide benefits for the development of entrepreneurship education in primary schools, especially in SDPN Pajagalan 58 and become material for the evaluation of Bandung City Education Department.
Detection of vowel onset point events using excitation information

This paper proposes a method for the detection of Vowel Onset Point (VOP) events in speech using excitation information. VOP event is defined as the instant at which the onset of vowel takes place. For syllable-like units such as Consonant Vowel (CV) type, VOP event is the instant at which the consonant ends and the vowel begins. The speech signal is processed by the Linear Prediction (LP) analysis to extract the LP residual. The LP residual mostly contains the excitation information. The Hilbert envelope of the LP residual is derived using the analytic signal concept. A method is developed for detecting the VOP events using the Hilbert envelope of the LP residual and a modulated Gaussian window function. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using reference VOP markings. The performance of the proposed method is also compared with the existing methods based on the vocal tract system features. The comparison shows that the excitation source also contains significant information about the VOP events.
Valuing Hydrogen-based Infrastructure Investment with Multiple Sources of Uncertainty : An application to Transportation System in Netherlands

The shift from a fossil-fuel to a hydrogen based transportation system requires sufficient supporting infrastructures. This paper develops a real option model to investigate the value of this investment opportunity which is able to handle the multiple uncertainties from market, political and technological aspects. The uncertain market and political uncertain factors will be transformed into a project value function which is incorporated with Geometric Brownian Motion and Jump process. Unlike the conventional jump-diffusion model, the jump in our model is designed as strictly positive to account for any favorable policy to support hydrogen fuel-cell and will only work on the drift term for a direct contribution to the underlying value. With explicit discounting of the risk of technical failure at each phase, stochastic project variation is an input of the real option framework and the sequential nature of hydrogen infrastructure investment will be interpreted as a chain of expanded call options. Moreover, we include the learning effect that will induce the cost reduction into the valuation. It appears that the early stage of infrastructure adoptions has a significant strategic value for the locked in future investment opportunities, which are dominated by the increasing power of push from technical learning, political impact and market uncertainty. However, this significance may most likely be offset due to a lower chance of investment in each stage successive of moving towards commercialization.
Time warp, an approach for reasoning over system histories

The version history of a software system contains a wealth of information that can assist developers in their daily implementation and maintenance tasks. By reasoning over the role of certain code entities in previous versions of the system, developers can better understand their current state, assess the required maintenance and avoid making the same mistakes over and over again. Unfortunately, current approaches do not offer a means to easily extract specific information about the source code from such a version history. In this paper we present Time Warp, a library of logic predicates that builds on the SOUL language and the FAMIX and Hismo meta-models and that allows writing queries about the history of a system. By means of a number of concrete examples, we demonstrate how our approach can be used to express interesting queries over the version history of a system.