Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Misbehavior Detection in IEEE 802.11-Based Wireless Networks: An Analytical Approach

The distributed nature of the CSMA/CA-based wireless protocols, for example, the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordinated function (DCF), allows malicious nodes to deliberately manipulate their backoff parameters and, thus, unfairly gain a large share of the network throughput. In this paper, we first design a real-time backoff misbehavior detector, termed as the fair share detector (FS detector), which exploits the nonparametric cumulative sum (CUSUM) test to quickly find a selfish malicious node without any a priori knowledge of the statistics of the selfish misbehavior. While most of the existing schemes for selfish misbehavior detection depend on heuristic parameter configuration and experimental performance evaluation, we develop a Markov chain-based analytical model to systematically study the performance of the FS detector in real-time backoff misbehavior detection. Based on the analytical model, we can quantitatively compute the system configuration parameters for guaranteed performance in terms of average false positive rate, average detection delay, and missed detection ratio under a detection delay constraint. We present thorough simulation results to confirm the accuracy of our theoretical analysis as well as demonstrate the performance of the developed FS detector.
A Survey on Privacy-preserving Schemes for Smart Grid Communications

In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of privacy-preserving schemes for Smart Grid communications. Specifically, we select and in-detail examine thirty privacy preserving schemes developed for or applied in the context of Smart Grids. Based on the communication and system models, we classify these schemes that are published between 2013 and 2016, in five categories, including, 1) Smart grid with the advanced metering infrastructure, 2) Data aggregation communications, 3) Smart grid marketing architecture, 4) Smart community of home gateways, and 5) Vehicle-to grid architecture. For each scheme, we survey the attacks of leaking privacy, countermeasures, and game theoretic approaches. In addition, we review the survey articles published in the recent years that deal with Smart Grids communications, applications, standardization, and security. Based on the current survey, several recommendations for further research are discussed at the end of this paper.
A PCA3 gene-based transcriptional amplification system targeting primary prostate cancer

Targeting specifically primary prostate cancer (PCa) cells for immune therapy, gene therapy or molecular imaging is of high importance. The PCA3 long non-coding RNA is a unique PCa biomarker and oncogene that has been widely studied. This gene has been mainly exploited as an accurate diagnostic urine biomarker for PCa detection. In this study, the PCA3 promoter was introduced into a new transcriptional amplification system named the 3-Step Transcriptional Amplification System (PCA3-3STA) and cloned into type 5 adenovirus. PCA3-3STA activity was highly specific for PCa cells, ranging between 98.7- and 108.0-fold higher than that for benign primary prostate epithelial or non-PCa cells, respectively. In human PCa xenografts, PCA3-3STA displayed robust bioluminescent signals at levels that are sufficient to translate to positron emission tomography (PET)-based reporter imaging. Remarkably, when freshly isolated benign or cancerous prostate biopsies were infected with PCA3-3STA, the optical signal produced from primary PCa biopsies was significantly higher than from benign prostate biopsies (4.4-fold, p < 0.0001). PCA3-3STA therefore represents a PCa-specific expression system with the potential to target, with high accuracy, primary or metastatic PCa epithelial cells for imaging, vaccines, or gene therapy.
Mutation of the phospholipase C-γ1–binding site of LAT affects both positive and negative thymocyte selection

Linker for activation of T cells (LAT) is a scaffolding adaptor protein that is critical for T cell development and function. A mutation of LAT (Y136F) that disrupts phospholipase C-γ1 activation and subsequent calcium influx causes a partial block in T cell development and leads to a severe lymphoproliferative disease in homozygous knock-in mice. One possible contribution to the fatal disease of LAT Y136F knock-in mice could be from autoreactive T cells generated in these mice because of altered thymocyte selection. To examine the impact of the LAT Y136F mutation on thymocyte positive and negative selection, we bred this mutation onto the HY T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic, recombination activating gene-2 knockout background. Female mice with this genotype showed a severe defect in positive selection, whereas male mice exhibited a phenotype resembling positive selection (i.e., development and survival of CD8hi HY TCR-specific T cells) instead of negative selection. These results support the hypothesis that in non-TCR transgenic, LAT Y136F knock-in mice, altered thymocyte selection leads to the survival and proliferation of autoreactive T cells that would otherwise be negatively selected in the thymus.
Functionalized graphene sheets‐epoxy based nanocomposite for cryotank composite application

Multifunctional high performance functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) based epoxy nanocomposites were investigated to understand the feasibility that these FGSs-epoxy nanocomposites can be applied to cryotank composite applications. The FGSs were successfully synthesized from graphite flakes through preparing graphite oxides by oxidizing graphite flakes first and next, thermally exfoliating the formed graphite oxides. These high performance FGSs were next incorporated into epoxy matrix resin system to generate the uniformly dispersed FGSs reinforced epoxy nanocomposites. The resultant FGSs-epoxy nanocomposites significantly enhanced resin strength and toughness about 30–80% and 200–700% at room and low temperatures of −130°C, respectively, and reduced the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of polymer resin at both below and above Tg about 25% at loading of 1.6 wt% FGSs, and increased Tg of polymer resin about 8°C at low loading of 0.4 wt% FGSs without deteriorating their good processability. We found that these significantly improved properties of FGSs-reinforced epoxy nanocomposite were closely associated with high surface area and wrinkled structure of the FGSs. The further optimization will result the high performance FGSs-epoxy nanocomposite suitable for use in the next generation multifunctional cryotank carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite applications, where better microcrack resistance and mechanical and dimensional stability are needed. POLYM. COMPOS. , 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
FeRoNoC: Flexible and extensible Router implementation for diagonal mesh topology

Networks on Chip (NoCs) can improve a set of performances criteria, in complex SoCs, such as scalability, flexibility and adaptability. However, performances of a NoC are closely related to its topology. The diameter and average distance represent an important factor in term of performances and implementation. The proposed diagonal mesh topology is designed to offer a good tradeoff between hardware cost and theoretical quality of service (QoS). It can contain a large number of nodes without changing the maximum diameter which is equal to 2. In this paper, we present a new router architecture called FeRoNoC (Flexible, extensible Router NoC) and its Register Transfer Level (RTL) hardware implementation for the diagonal mesh topology. The architecture of our NoC is based on a flexible and extensible router which consists of a packet switching technique and deterministic routing algorithm. Effectiveness and performances of the proposed topology have been shown using a virtex5 FPGA implementation. A comparative performances study of the proposed NoC architecture with others topology is performed.
Inactivation of mitotic factors by ultraviolet irradiation of HeLa cells in mitosis.

Extracts from mitotic HeLa cells, when injected into fully grown Xenopus laevis oocytes, exhibit maturation-promoting activity (MPA) indicated by germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and chromosome condensation. Recently, we observed that the MPA of mitotic cell extracts is neutralized by the inhibitors of mitotic factors (IMF) in HeLa cells, which are activated at telophase and remain active throughout the G1 period. The activity of the IMF coincides with the process of chromosome decondensation, which begins at telophase and continues until the beginning of S phase, when chromatin reaches its most decondensed state. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether these two phenomena - chromosome decondensation and the activation of IMF - were related. The activity of IMF was measured in N2O-blocked mitotic HeLa cells, in which chromosome decondensation was induced by exposure to ultraviolet light, and subsequent incubation in medium containing inhibitors of DNA synthesis, hydroxyurea and arabinosylcytosine (araC). u.v. irradiation activated IMF was seen even at very high doses of X-irradiation. The IMF seemed to inactivate the mitotic factors directly by forming a complex that precipitated on heating at 60 degrees C for 15 min. Mg2+ or polyamines (i.e. spermine, spermidine, and putrescine), agents known to promote chromatin condensation partially restored the MPA of the u.v. -irradiated mitotic cell extracts. These results tend to support the conclusion that the IMF play a role in the decondensation of chromosomes.
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports T-tube Placement as a Method for Treating Penetrating Oesophageal Injuries

INTRODUCTION: Penetrating oesophageal injuries are extremely rare. Their timely recognition can be difficult and optimal treatment remains controversial. Early recognition of injury is possible with the help of a high index of suspicion and early radiological and endoscopic examinations. Prompt surgical intervention with primary repair of injury, should be the goal. PRESENTATION OF CASES: We describe two cases of penetrating oesophageal trauma where T-Tube placement through the oesophageal defect, was successfully employed. Both cases proved to be challenging due to time lapse after injury and anatomical location. DISCUSSION: Penetrating injuries to the Oesophagus are rare with a reported incidence of 11–17%, most are due to gunshot injuries or stabbings, cervical followed by the thoracic Oesophagus are most at risk. In delayed presentations and sepsis related multi-organ instability, diversion and drainage are considered appropriate. T-tube placement through defects in difficult situations of delayed presentation is well described in setting of iatrogenic perforations. Their use has been described in penetrating injuries but much less frequently. CONCLUSION: T-tube placement though oesophageal defects can prove to be an effective treatment option to repair both iatrogenic and penetrating injuries of the Oesophagus, whether early or delayed.
An analysis of energy storage and regulation

We focus on a region whose power system is controlled by an operator that relies on a regulation service to balance the total system supply to the total system load in quasi real-time. We consider the existing contractual framework in which a regulation unit declares its regulation parameters at the beginning of the contract, the operator guarantees that the regulation signals will be within the range of these parameters, and the regulation unit is rewarded proportionally to what it declares. Our purpose is twofold. We first want to obtain formulas for the regulation parameters that a unit with non-ideal storage should declare to the operator given its state of charge at the beginning of a contract. Second, we want to analytically quantify, ahead of time, the reward that such a unit could obtain in successive contracts by performing this regulation service. Since the state of charge at the beginning of a contract depends on what happened in the previous contract and, hence, is a random variable, we quantify this reward analytically using bounds and expectation. We then provide engineering insights by applying our results to three specific energy storage technologies that are often considered as candidates for regulation. In particular, we show the impact of the storage parameters and the length of one contract on the potential reward over a given period.
Agent-Based Transactions Management for Mobile Multidatabase

The requirements to access and manipulate data across multiple heterogeneous existing databases and the proliferation of mobile technologies have propelled the development of mobile multidatabase system (MDBS). In that environment, transaction management is not a trivial task due to the technological constraints. This paper proposes an agent-based transaction management for mobile multidatabase (AT3M) system. AT3M applies static and mobile agents to manage the transaction processing in mobile multidatabase system. It enables a fully distributed transaction management, accommodates mobility of the mobile clients, and allows global subtransactions to process in parallel. The proposed algorithm utilizes the hierarchical meta data structure of summary schema model (SSM) which captures semantic information of data objects in the underlying local databases at different levels of abstractions. It is shown by simulation that AT3M suits well in mobile multidatabase environment and outperforms the existing V-locking algorithm designed for the same environment in many aspects.
A novel synthetic route to hydroxyapatite–zeolite composite material from steel slag: investigation of synthesis mechanism and evaluation of physicochemical properties

Steel slag is a commercial waste material mainly consisting of SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO, the former two chemicals being major components of zeolites and the latter a major component of hydroxyapatite (HAP). A hydroxyapatite–zeolite composite material (HAP-ZE) was successfully synthesized from steel slag by adding appropriate chemical reagents, H3PO4 and NaOH, viaaging at 363 K for approximately 2 days. The synthesis mechanism and structural properties were clarified by detailed analysis using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, elemental mapping, and N2 adsorption–desorption measurements. The Ca and Mg components were chemically reacted with phosphate in the early stages of aging, being precipitated as Mg-substituted HAP with (Ca + Mg)/P = 1.67. After 2 days of aging, well-crystallized HAP and faujasite-type zeolite (Na type X-zeolite with SiO2/Al2O3 = 2.4) were separately formed via a non-simultaneous crystallization process. The over-run in aging time led to phase transformation from FAU-zeolite to Pl-zeolite. The minor components in steel slag such as Fe and Mn had little effect on the synthesis of HAP-ZE; however, the inherent SiO2/Al2O3 ratio in steel slag led to a lower yield from the zeolite phase. Furthermore, from the adsorption assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), fatty acid and protein, the HAP-ZE synthesized under optimum conditions was found to have adsorption properties comparable to those of pure zeolite and HAP.
Advanced Ceramic Materials for High Temperature Applications

The increasing interest in ecological aspects related to the reduction of harmful emissions to the atmosphere and, at the same time, the need to achieve higher efficiencies of energy production are the driving forces that justify the current development of advanced ceramic materials for high temperature applications, namely those associated to energy and transportation industries. Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are increasingly used to work under the new demanding conditions. In this review, the recent progress and trends in the research and development of CMCs, TBCs, EBCs and SOFCs based on ceramic materials for high temperature applications are highlighted.
A Survey of FPGA-Based LDPC Decoders

Low-density parity check (LDPC) error correction decoders have become popular in communications systems, as a benefit of their strong error correction performance and their suitability to parallel hardware implementation. A great deal of research effort has been invested into LDPC decoder designs that exploit the flexibility, the high processing speed, and the parallelism of field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices. FPGAs are ideal for design prototyping and for the manufacturing of small-production-run devices, where their in-system programmability makes them far more cost-effective than application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). However, the FPGA-based LDPC decoder designs published in the open literature vary greatly in terms of design choices and performance criteria, making them a challenge to compare. This paper explores the key factors involved in FPGA-based LDPC decoder design and presents an extensive review of the current literature. In-depth comparisons are drawn amongst 140 published designs (both academic and industrial) and the associated performance tradeoffs are characterized, discussed, and illustrated. Seven key performance characteristics are described, namely, their processing throughput, processing latency, hardware resource requirements, error correction capability, processing energy efficiency, bandwidth efficiency, and flexibility. We offer recommendations that will facilitate fairer comparisons of future designs, as well as opportunities for improving the design of FPGA-based LDPC decoders.
Properties of a Rewrite System for Unification with Expansion Variables ⋆

A study of properties of a rewrite system for solving constraint sets that are instances of the unification with expansion variables problem. The terms in the constraints are built from the intersection type constructors plus type variables and applied expansion variables. We show that: • Constraint set rewriting is confluent (modulo isomorphism). • There is a set of well-named constraint sets which is closed under reduction and normalisation of well-named sets always produces a unifier. • The rewrite system partitions naturally such that all reductions of wellnamed constraint sets are finite (terminating) with each part. • The subset of acyclic well-named constraint sets is preserved by reduction the occur check may be omitted for reduction of such sets. • The acyclic well-named constraint sets include those necessary for intersection typing inference, therefore the above properties hold for its application in the intersection type framework of System E.
Online Convex Optimization

In this lecture we shall look at a fairly general setting of online convex optimization which, as we shall see, encompasses some of the online learning problems we have seen so far as special cases. A standard (offline) convex optimization problem involves a convex set Ω ⊆ R and a fixed convex cost function c : Ω 7→ R; the goal is to find a point x∗ ∈ Ω that minimizes c(x) over Ω. An online convex optimization problem also involves a convex set Ω ⊆ R, but proceeds in trials: at each trial t, the player/algorithm must choose a point x ∈ Ω, after which a convex cost function ct : Ω→R is revealed by the environment/adversary, and a loss of ct(x ) is incurred for the trial; the goal is to minimize the total loss incurred over a sequence of trials, relative to the best single point in Ω in hindsight.
Polyaniline/poly(ethylene terephthalate) conducting composite fabric with improved fastness to washing

In this article, we report a novel method for the design and development of a polyaniline (PANI)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) conducting composite fabric based on in situ polymerization. With the aim of improving fabric–PANI adhesion and good fastness to washing, we took some special steps: the alkali reduction pretreatment of the PET fabric before the polymerization of aniline onto the fabric, the introduction of squeezing the laboratory padder on the fabric to push the reagent into the inner part of the fabric, and short immersion time of the aniline-absorbed fabric in oxidant solution. Factors affecting the conductivity and fastness to washing, including the alkali reduction percentage, the wet pickup of the reagent-absorbed fabric, the immersion time in oxidant solution, and the reaction time, are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5775–5780, 2006
Description of 3D-shape using a complex function on the sphere

We propose a novel feature vector suitable for searching collections of 3D-object images by shape similarity. In this search, a polygonal mesh model serves as a query. For each model, feature vectors are automatically extracted and stored. Shape similarity between 3D-objects in the search space is determined by finding and ranking nearest neighbors in the feature vector space. Ranked objects are retrieved for inspection, selection, and processing. The feature vector is obtained by forming a complex function on the sphere. Afterwards, we apply the fast Fourier transform (FFT) on the sphere and obtain Fourier coefficients for spherical harmonics. The absolute values of the coefficients form the feature vector. Retrieval efficiency of the new approach is evaluated by constructing precision/recall diagrams and using two different 3D-model databases. We compared the approach with two methods based on real functions on the sphere. Our empirical comparison showed that the complex feature vector performed best. We also prepared a Web-based retrieval system for testing the methods discussed.
Towards an automated multiagent system to monitor user activities against insider threat

The major problems faced by the networks are the hurdles generated by the native users. Survey has proved that the professional security measures are mainly focusing outside threats instead of the insiders. The traditional insider threat protection models do not work efficiently. There is need of an autonomous, robust and flexible model against insider threat. This paper presents an Agent-based User- Profiling model that monitors behaviour of the authorized users in an organization to avoid the risk. The profiling agents in the model record all actions of the authorized user and present all recorded behaviour to the manager agent for further processing. The manager agent creates and updates profiles of the enterprise users to monitor the behaviour so that the threat may be avoided, detected or recovered.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF UNDER NUTRITION AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN A RURAL COMMUNITY

Children of today are citizens of tomorrow; the young child under 5 years is most vulnerable to the vicious cycles of malnutrition infection and disability all of which influence the present condition of a child and the future human resource development of the nation as a whole. Hence the assessment of the ground reality as reflected by the statistics on nutritional status of children becomes very significant in this context. The study was done to determine the prevalence of under-5 under nutrition and to identify the major child factors contributing to the development of under nutrition among the under 5 children. This was a cross sectional study conducted in the rural community of Nitte a field practice area of Department of Community medicine K S Hegde Medical Academy among all the children of the anganwadis under ICDS scheme. A total of 133 under 5 children were assessed for their nutritional status and the factors that affect nutritional status. The overall prevalence of under-5 under nutrition was found to be high at 63.16%. More girls were undernourished compared to boys lower grades of undernourishment were more common and the prevalence of under nutrition increased with increasing age. There was a higher prevalence of underweight in children born with low birth weight born premature those children not exclusively breast fed and on improper complementary feeds. Immunization and Vitamin A supplementation of the under-5 children status was highly satisfactory.