Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control strategy of 600kW E-BOP for molten carbonate fuel cell generation system

An electrical balance of plant(E-BOP) of a 600 kW molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) has to transit from grid-connected(GC) mode to grid-independent(GI) mode when a grid is in a fault conditions. A minimum transition time is limited by four cycle for a 600 kW MCFC to ride through a grid fault. In this paper, we propose a control algorithm of a 600 kW E-BOP for a MCFC system. The E-BOP has three operation modes, i.e., GC mode, GI mode, and grid-synchronized(GS) mode. The E-BOP controls output currents in a GC mode and regulates output voltages in GI or GS mode. GS mode is defined as an interface between GC mode and GI mode to make a mode transition smooth, i.e., limitation of inrush currents, regulation of output voltages within ANSI standard. Simulations and experiments carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Rotating Platform Components for Revisions of Hinged Knee Prostheses

If hinged prostheses are revised with smaller and nonhinged prostheses, do these implants provide adequate fixation, do massive bone grafts in combination with smaller implants reinforce host bone stock, do less constrained prostheses restore ligament tension, and do they avoid problems of the extensor mechanism? To answer these questions, 20 failed hinges were revised to rotating platform revision prostheses with short intramedullary stems in a prospective study. Meticulous soft tissue release techniques and extensive bone grafts were used (tibia, impaction grafting in 16 cases, and structural grafts in four cases; femur, impaction grafting in four cases and structural grafts in 16 cases). The mean followup was 5.3 years (range, 2.3–10.5 years). The Knee Society score improved from a preoperative mean of 21 points (range, 7–49 points) to a mean 81.2 points (range, 59–94 points). One cementless tibial component with extensive impaction grafting became loose. The remaining components (95%) were well-fixed. All cancellous bone grafts showed trabecular remodeling. All structural grafts united to the host bone without resorption. All knees had ligamentous stability after surgery. There were no problems of the extensor mechanism. In this series the rotating platform revision prostheses were used successfully for failed hinged prostheses.
Prevalence and trends of obesity in The Netherlands 1987-1991.

OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence and trends in obesity in the period 1987-1991. DESIGN Linear regression of average body mass index (BMI in kg/m2) and prevalence of obesity (BMI > or = 30 kg/m2) in a continuous monitoring project in three towns in The Netherlands. RESULTS It was estimated that over the whole period the prevalence of obesity was 7% in men and 9% in women. After adjustment for age and educational level the prevalence of obesity increased significantly in both men with about 1.7 percentage points (+/- standard error: 0.8) and in women with 1.9 +/- 0.8 percentage points between 1987 and 1991. When stratified by 10-year age category the increase was strongest in those aged 20-29 and 50-59 years. When stratified by educational level, the increase was only significant in the lowest category (primary education and lower secondary education) and was not significant in other categories. CONCLUSION Obesity is relatively common in The Netherlands and, at least among responders to the yearly surveys, the prevalence of obesity has increased in the period 1987-1991 particularly in those with a relatively low educational level.
Factor V Leiden (R506Q) and risk of venous thromboembolism: a case‐control study based on the Spanish population

Resistance to activated protein C (APC) is a frequent cause of thrombophilia. Most patients showing APC‐resistance have a G to A mutation at codon 506 of the factor V that converts arginine to glutamine. This mutation is present in populations worldwide with frequencies ranging from 0.01 to 0.05. Genotyping of 150 control individuals from the Spanish population showed that 3.33% of them carried the mutation. Several studies have measured resistance to APC (following a classical functional assay) and have determined the factor V genotype in a number of thrombophilic patients, in an attempt to compare the predictive vaiue of both laboratory methods. To assess the incidence of the factor V mutation among Spanish thrombophilic patients, we genotyped 51 of these. The frequency of mutation carriers rose from 3.33% in the controls to 53% in the patients. We found significant differences for the thrombosis‐free survival curves and for the age at the first thrombotic event between patients who carried or did not carry the mutation. Analysis of relatives of 16 patients who carried the factor V mutation suggests the existence of additional genes that modulate the effect of the factor V gene in the development of venous thrombosis among carriers of the G to A mutation.
Deep Fish

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an important vertebrate model organism in biomedical research, especially suitable for morphological screening due to its transparent body during early development. Deep learning has emerged as a dominant paradigm for data analysis and found a number of applications in computer vision and image analysis. Here we demonstrate the potential of a deep learning approach for accurate high-throughput classification of whole-body zebrafish deformations in multifish microwell plates. Deep learning uses the raw image data as an input, without the need of expert knowledge for feature design or optimization of the segmentation parameters. We trained the deep learning classifier on as few as 84 images (before data augmentation) and achieved a classification accuracy of 92.8% on an unseen test data set that is comparable to the previous state of the art (95%) based on user-specified segmentation and deformation metrics. Ablation studies by digitally removing whole fish or parts of the fish from the images revealed that the classifier learned discriminative features from the image foreground, and we observed that the deformations of the head region, rather than the visually apparent bent tail, were more important for good classification performance.
A comparison of amino acid arteriovenous differences across the liver and placenta of the fetal lamb.

Amino acid and ammonia concentrations as well as oxygen content were measured in either the right or left hepatic vein, the umbilical vein, and the umbilical artery in 13 fetal lambs in late gestation. There was an uptake of all of the essential and most of the nonessential amino acids by both lobes of the fetal liver. The umbilical venous-hepatic venous amino acid concentration differences were similar in the two hepatic lobes. While glutamine and glycine were taken up by both hepatic lobes, their metabolically related amino acids, glutamate and serine, were released by the fetal liver into the systemic circulation. There was a reciprocal net placental uptake from the umbilical circulation of glutamate and serine and a net fetal of glutamine and glycine, suggestive of interorgan cycling of these amino acids between the placenta and fetal liver. Total fetal umbilical nitrogen uptake was 0.91 g N.kg-1.day-1. The umbilical venous-hepatic venous differences of ammonia were positive and not significantly different in the two lobes. There was a significant umbilical uptake of ammonia (12.8 +/- 1.8 microM; 0.0078 microM NH3/microM O2). However, 0 the ratios of NH3 to O2 were much higher in each lobe (right, 0.060; left, 0.079; each P less than 0.01) than in the umbilical circulation.
Expectations and real life cross-cultural adaptation of Chinese students in China and The Netherlands

Western Europe has known Chinese migrants for over a century. The first generations arrived with little financial resources. Many of them were recruited as sailors, opened their own restaurants or were employed by restaurants. 215 *University of Groningen. †Department of Psychology, East China Normal University. 1 An earlier version of this chapter was presented at the International Conference on “In and Out of Asia: Migrating Talent, Globalizing Cities” at the National University of Singapore, 19–21 November, 2007. b786_Chapter-09.qxd 7/27/2009 7:41 PM Page 215
Performance of the Canadian CT Head Rule and the New Orleans Criteria for predicting any traumatic intracranial injury on computed tomography in a United States Level I trauma center.

OBJECTIVES This study compared the clinical performance of the Canadian CT Head Rule (CCHR) and the New Orleans Criteria (NOC) for detecting any traumatic intracranial lesion on computed tomography (CT) in patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15. Also assessed were ability to detect patients with "clinically important" brain injury and patients requiring neurosurgical intervention. Additionally, the performance of the CCHR was assessed in a larger cohort of those presenting with GCS of 13 to 15. METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted in a U.S. Level I trauma center and enrolled a consecutive sample of mildly head-injured adults who presented to the emergency department (ED) with witnessed loss of consciousness, disorientation or amnesia, and GCS 13 to 15. The rules were compared in the group of patients with GCS 15. The primary outcome was prediction of "any traumatic intracranial injury" on CT. Secondary outcomes included "clinically important brain injury" on CT and need for neurosurgical intervention. RESULTS Among the 431 enrolled patients, 314 patients (73%) had a GCS of 15, and 22 of the 314 (7%) had evidence of a traumatic intracranial lesion on CT. There were 11 of 314 (3.5%) who had "clinically important" brain injury, and 3 of 314 (1.0%) required neurosurgical intervention. The NOC and CCHR both had 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI] = 82% to 100%), but the CCHR was more specific for detecting any traumatic intracranial lesion on CT, with a specificity of 36.3% (95% CI = 31% to 42%) versus 10.2% (95% CI = 7% to 14%) for NOC. For "clinically important" brain lesions, the CCHR and the NOC had similar sensitivity (both 100%; 95% CI = 68% to 100%), but the specificity was 35% (95% CI = 30% to 41%) for CCHR and 9.9% (95% CI = 7% to 14%) for NOC. When the rules were compared for predicting need for neurosurgical intervention, the sensitivity was equivalent at 100% (95% CI = 31% to 100%) but the CCHR had a higher specificity at 80.7% (95% CI = 76% to 85%) versus 9.6% (95% CI = 7% to 14%) for NOC. Among all 431 patients with a GCS score 13 to 15, the CCHR had sensitivities of 100% (95% CI = 84% to 100%) for 27 patients with clinically important brain injury and 100% (95% CI = 46% to 100%) for five patients requiring neurosurgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS In a U.S. sample of mildly head-injured patients, the CCHR and the NOC had equivalently high sensitivities for detecting any traumatic intracranial lesion on CT, clinically important brain injury, and neurosurgical intervention, but the CCHR was more specific. A larger cohort will be needed to validate these findings.
Simple and efficient generalized scalar PWM algorithm for VSI fed induction motor drives

This paper presents a generalized scalar PWM approach for three-phase, two-level VSI based induction motor drives, which unites the various discontinuous PWM (DPWM) and space vector PWM (SVPWM) algorithms. The generation of pulse pattern for various PWM algorithms via the generalized scalar approach is explained in detailed. As the proposed algorithm uses voltages only for generation of modulating waves and hence pulse pattern, this approach is easier for implementation. In this algorithm, a zero sequence voltage is added to the phase voltages, in which by varying a constant (ko) value between 0 and 1 all DPWM and SVPWM algorithms are derived. To verify the proposed generalized scalar approach, numerical simulation studies have been carried out using Matlab-Simulink. Moreover, the proposed generalized scalar approach is implemented on a dSPACE DS1104 controller board and then compared with the simulation results.
Dimension properties of the self-similarity complex networks

The self-similarity of complex networks has broad practical backgrounds, yet the self-similarity of network has been rarely studied. One of the problems is to explore the origination of self-similarity in real networks. For this purpose, we proposed the information transfer model in network. The volume dimension integrating the information transfer model is given to analysis the self-similarity of complex networks. But the volume dimension measured the self-similarity of network has some shortage, hence, the information dimension also is given to summarize the self-similarity. The two methods statistics the self-similarity of complex network using the box counting. However, the information dimension has some certain objective in measured self-similar compared to the volume dimension.
C4d Deposition and Cellular Infiltrates as Markers of Acute Rejection in Rat Models of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Background. C4d is a useful marker of antibody-mediated rejection in cardiac and renal transplants, but clinical studies examining correlations between circulating alloantibodies, C4d deposition, and rejection in lung transplants have yielded conflicting results. Methods. We studied circulating alloantibody levels and C4d deposition in two rat models of lung transplantation: Brown Norway (BN) to Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and PVG.R8 to PVG.1U lung allografts. The availability of C6 deficient (C6−) and C6 sufficient (C6+) PVG 1U rats allowed evaluation of the effects of the terminal complement components on graft injury and C4d deposition. Results. The lung allografts had histologic features resembling human posttransplant capillaritis, characterized by neutrophilic infiltration of alveoli, edema, and hemorrhage. Immunoperoxidase stains on cross sections of allografts showed intense, diffuse, C4d deposition in a continuous linear pattern on the vascular endothelium. C4d deposits were found in both BN to WKY and PVG R8 to 1U allografts, whereas no staining was detectable in WKY to WKY isografts or native lungs. Complement deposition was associated with vascular disruption in C6+, but not in C6− recipients. The presence of circulating donor-specific alloantibodies was verified by flow cytometry. Cell-specific staining revealed perivascular accumulation of macrophages and T lymphocytes whereas neutrophils were sequestered in the intravascular and alveolar capillary compartments. Conclusions. The deposition of C4d on vascular endothelium as well as the coincident presence of alloantibodies is consistent with previous findings in antibody-mediated rejection of renal and cardiac transplants. Furthermore, the histological features of our allografts support the concept that posttransplant capillaritis is a form of humoral rejection.
Four-level double star multilevel converter for grid-connected photovoltaic systems

Medium voltage grids are a suitable selection for the connection of high power applications. However, for certain applications, such as PV energy conversion systems or fast charging stations for PEVs, the DC voltages are limited to be below 1000 V, making difficult their connection to such grids without the use of a step-up transformer. Multilevel converters allow the grid connection of such DC loads, by connecting them in one of their multiple dc sources, however, due the nature of these applications unbalanced operation is inherent, and cannot be completely solved by the modulation stage, thus additional circuitry is required. On the other hand, the use of a multilevel converter provides higher efficiency in the power conversion stage, higher power quality and reduced stress on the switching devices, which is also beneficial due the power ratings being reached by the mentioned applications. This paper explores a four-level double star multilevel converter as interface for central or multi-string inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic energy systems. The topology is capable of handling three PV arrays with different MPPT (with or without additional dc-dc converters), with the use of an additional balancing stage. The four-level output voltage improves the power quality of the PV energy conversion system, while reducing the grid filter size. This paper presents the operating principle of the converter, the control scheme and the simulation results, that show this topology can be an interesting alternative for large-scale PV plants.
Data dissemination in highway scenarios using car-to-car communication

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are a specific type of mobile networks in which the nodes are vehicles with capability of processing, storing, and wireless communication. VANETs face a number of challenges in terms of data dissemination due to volatile vehicle density and the frequent network topology changes induced by high mobility of vehicles and short-range communications. The envisaged applications, as well as some inherent VANET characteristics make data dissemination an essential service and a challenging task in these networks. Many data dissemination protocols have been proposed in the literature. However, most of these protocols do not effectively address broadcast storm and network partition problems simultaneously. To tackle these problems, we propose a novel data dissemination protocol in vehicular networks (ATENA) to operate in highway environment. ATENA selects vehicles inside a sweet spot to rebroadcast messages to further vehicles. Moreover, the protocol employs implicit acknowledgements to guarantee robustness in message delivery under sparse scenarios. ATENA eliminates the broadcast storm problem and maximizes data dissemination capabilities across network partitions with short delays and low overhead. When compared to five well-known solutions - DBRS, DV-CAST, SRD, Flooding and AID - we show that our proposal performs data dissemination with better efficiency than other algorithms, outperforming them in different scenarios in all the evaluations carried out.
The work-life balance of female adjunct faculty at Southern California community colleges

In community colleges, over 70% of faculty members are adjuncts, and over 52% of these adjuncts are women. Community colleges have been celebrated as institutions that include women in their philosophy of equity, openness, and democracy (Bailey, 2008). Women may be more likely to work at community colleges where the minimum requirement is a master’s degree for employment, compared to 4-year institutions that require doctorates, and allow them to balance their work and personal lives (Cohen & Brawer, 2008; Wolf-Wendel & Ward, 2006). This study examines the work-life balance of female adjunct instructors working at the community college level and utilizes the work-life balance theory to help understand the identity, relational style, motivation and drive, adaptive style, and strategies for these women. This study utilized a phenomenological, qualitative approach by having female adjunct faculty participate in one semi-structured interview; 20 women participated. Findings showed that the participants were often first generation college students, which resulted in the majority of the women having goals of achieving a different education level than their family members. Relationships also played an important role in helping participants balance work and family life. Most participants were very driven and have high motivation to pursue career goals and to become a full-time faculty member. Female adjunct faculty also demonstrated high levels of adaptability due to the inconsistent nature of being an adjunct faculty and having schedules that fluctuated and changed on a semester-to-semester basis. In community colleges, over 70% of faculty members are adjuncts, and over 52% of these adjuncts are women. However, there is a significant lack of research regarding these women and their experiences. Due to the sheer number of women faculty members represented in community colleges, it would be assumed that this would be a highly researched group
Transcription Factor RAP2.2 and Its Interacting Partner SINAT2: Stable Elements in the Carotenogenesis of Arabidopsis Leaves1[W]

The promoter of phytoene synthase, the first specific enzyme of carotenoid biosynthesis, shows two main regulatory regions: a G-box-containing region located near the TATA box, and a TATA box distal region containing the cis-acting element ATCTA, which mediates strong basal promoter activity. This second element was also present in the promoter of phytoene desaturase, the next step of the carotenoid pathway, suggesting a common regulatory mechanism. In this work, we demonstrate that AtRAP2.2, a member of the APETALA2 (AP2)/ethylene-responsive element-binding protein transcription factor family, binds to the ATCTA element. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves, AtRAP2.2 transcript and protein levels were tightly controlled as indicated by unchanged transcript and protein levels in T-DNA insertion mutants in the AtRAP2.2 promoter and 5′ untranslated region and the lack of change in AtRAP2.2 protein levels in lines strongly overexpressing the AtRAP2.2 transcript. Homozygous loss-of-function mutants could not be obtained for the AtRAP2.2 5′ untranslated region T-DNA insertion line indicating a lethal phenotype. In AtRAP2.2 overexpression lines, modest changes in phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase transcripts were only observed in root-derived calli, which consequently showed a reduction in carotenoid content. The RING finger protein SEVEN IN ABSENTIA OF ARABIDOPSIS2 (SINAT2) was identified as an AtRAP2.2 interaction partner using a two-hybrid approach. The structure of SINAT2 and related proteins of Arabidopsis show homology to the SEVEN IN ABSENTIA protein of Drosophila that is involved in proteasome-mediated regulation in a variety of developmental processes. The action of SINAT2 may explain the recalcitrance of AtRAP2.2 protein levels to change by altering AtRAP2.2 transcription.
Inference for reclassification statistics under nested and non-nested models for biomarker evaluation

Abstract The Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) and the Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) are used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy improvement for biomarkers in a wide range of applications. Most applications for these reclassification metrics are confined to nested model comparison. We emphasize the important extensions of these metrics to the non-nested comparison. Non-nested models are important in practice, in particular, in high-dimensional data analysis and in sophisticated semiparametric modeling. We demonstrate that the assessment of accuracy improvement may follow the familiar NRI and IDI evaluation. While the statistical properties of the estimators for NRI and IDI have been well studied in the nested setting, one cannot always rely on these asymptotic results to implement the inference procedure for practical data, especially for testing the null hypothesis of no improvement, and these properties have not been established for the non-nested setting. We propose a generic bootstrap re-sampling procedure for the construction of confidence intervals and hypothesis tests. Extensive simulations and real biomedical data examples illustrate the applicability of the proposed inference methods for both nested and non-nested models.