Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MULTIVARIABLE ROBUST GRID CURRENTS CONTROL OF A SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION GENERATOR CONNECTED TO A WIND TURBINE

In this paper, a multivariable robust control strategy of a variable speed wind energy conversion system based on a squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) is presented. Optimal speed control of the SCIG is achieved by a conventional PI controller combined with a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) strategy. The Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) technique based on a simple Park (d-q) reference model is used to implement the proposed controller. Active and reactive power flow between the grid and the inverter is controlled via simultaneous H-infinity control of active and reactive currents of the grid and the DC link voltage. The switching technique of the inverter which is connected directly to the grid is controlled by a programmed PWM look-up table wave shaping. The robustness and performance of the proposed control scheme is evaluated on a comprehensive model of the wind energy conversion system using Matlab/Simulink.
Augustine in His Own Words

This volume offers a comprehensive portrait of St. Augustine (354-430) drawn from the breadth of his writings and from the long course of his career. One chapter is devoted to each of his masterpieces (Confessions, On the Trinity, and City of God) and one to each of his best-known controversies (against Manichees, Donatists, and Pelagians). It also explores his everyday work as a bishop, preacher and interpreter of the Bible.
Probabilistic answer selection based on conditional random fields for spoken dialog system

A probabilistic answer selection for a spoken dialog system based on Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) is described. The probabilities of answers for a question is trained by CRFs based on the lexical and morphological properties of each word, the most likely answer against the recognized word sequence of question utterance will be chosen as the system output. Various set of feature functions were evaluated on the real data of a speech oriented information kiosk system, and it is shown that the morphological properties introduces positive effects on the response accuracy. Training with recognizer output of training database instead of manual transcription was also investigated. It was also shown that this proposed scheme can achieve higher accuracy than a conventional keyword-based answer selection.
The current state of e‐prescribing: Implications for advanced practice registered nurses

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to review legislation, barriers and challenges, and current state of e‐prescribing (eRx) in the United States. Data sources:Literature search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar was performed. Conclusions:Challenges to eRx implementation and effective use include transcription, workflow issues, alert fatigue, educational and tangible reminders, and eRx of controlled substances. Implications for practice:Further research could be best focused on user‐friendly and interactive software improvements for both patient and provider use, bidirectional communication, and workflow studies to improve efficiency of eRx.
Which Workers Get Insurance within the Firm?

Industry-level time series data suggest that low-skilled workers get less insurance within the firm than high-skilled workers. In particular, wages respond relatively more to productivity shocks in low-skilled industries than high-skilled industries. Our theory is that low-skilled workers get relatively less insurance from their firms because they have relatively lower displacement costs. Under limited commitment, lower displacement costs make the workers' outside options more attractive, and hence decrease the amount of risk sharing sustainable within the firm. Evidence on average displacement costs by industry support the theory's predictions.
Validating the Use of ImageJ for the Quantitative Analysis of Immunofluorescence

We sought to validate the use of the free software ImageJ to calculate weighted luminescence (WL) as an outcome measure for immunofluorescence. The noise signal seen in direct immunofluorescence (DIF) demonstrates an inverse relationship with the concentration of added antibody. Thus, the drop in this antigen-independent signal which accounts for the majority of each image allows for mathematical modelling of signal intensity. DIF was performed on specimens from 10 bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients and 6 pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patients. DIF was prepared using dilutions of tagged antibodies for IgG and C3 at a dilution ranging from 1:100 to 1:800. Images were processed using ImageJ, with green luminescence histograms generated for each dilution. To determine the relationship of mean WL as the dilution of antibody increased, we generated histograms with logarithmic regression curves for anti-IgG and anti-C3 antibodies. To account for the role of antigendependent signal (i.e. the immunoreactive portion of the DIF picture), an additional regression curve limited to dilutions ranging from 1:100 to 1:400 was performed to reduce the risk of the Fc receptor or C3 becoming unsaturated. Logarithmic regression for BP IgG and C3 dilutions demonstrated a significant and moderate to strong correlation, (R2=0.51, P<0.001) and (R2=0.50, P<0.001) respectively with a mild drop in relationship strength, but still statistically significant when corrected for antigen-dependent signal. A weaker relationship was seen in PV, but this also was statistically significant regardless of correction. WL is potentially a valuable measure for quantitative comparison of fluorescent signaling in the experimental setting. Further uses of comparative immunofluorescence using ImageJ such as comparing antibody binding or antigen expression require validation of WL which we herein demonstrate.
Second-order theory for self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation in optical fibers

The authors develop a second-order perturbation technique for the study of self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) effects in optical fibers. When the dispersion distance is much shorter than the nonlinear length, it is found that the difference between the first- and second-order solution is negligible. However, as the dispersion distance increases, nonlinearity becomes a stronger perturbation, and the first-order theory is not adequate to describe the SPM effects. However, the results obtained using the second-order perturbation technique is in good agreement with numerical simulations even when the dispersion distance is longer than the nonlinear length. When pulses of different channels are copropagating in a fiber, they undergo amplitude distortion and timing shift due to XPM. The perturbation technique presented in this paper accounts for both amplitude distortion and timing shift of a pulse due to XPM.
Kinematic calibration of the Gough Platform

Kinematic calibration is essential to improve the accuracy of the manipulator. This paper presents a complete description of the Gough platform modeling and a unified scheme to identify its kinematic parameters. The interest of this formulation is that it may be applied whatever information is available on the state of the robot (measurement or constraints) without using the kinematics to obtain the basic system of constraint equations. Moreover, the scheme may be applied for all parallel robots. We propose to experiment and compare three methods of calibration, using either (or both) external measurement and internal redundant sensors. Finally, we show how to reduce the initial error in pose determination by 99% for the Hexapode 300, CMW's machining center, and validate the choice of a self-calibration method in an industrial context.
Air and underwater survey of water enclosed spaces for VAMOS! Project

This paper addresses a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of a flooded open pit mine with an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The ROAZ USV and the Otus UAV were used to provide the underwater bathymetric map and aerial 3D reconstruction based from image data. This work was performed within the context of the European research project VAMOS with the objective of developing robotic tools for efficient underwater mining.
Analysis of a Statistical Relationship Between Dose and Error Tallies in Semiconductor Digital Integrated Circuits for Application to Radiation Monitoring Over a Wireless Sensor Network

Mass production of widely used semiconductor digital integrated circuits (ICs) has lowered unit costs to the level of ordinary daily consumables of a few dollars. It is therefore reasonable to contemplate the idea of an engineered system that consumes unshielded low-cost ICs for the purpose of measuring gamma radiation dose. Underlying the idea is the premise of a measurable correlation between an observable property of ICs and radiation dose. Accumulation of radiation-damage-induced state changes or error events is such a property. If correct, the premise could make possible low-cost wide-area radiation dose measurement systems, instantiated as wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with unshielded consumable ICs as nodes, communicating error events to a remote base station. The premise has been investigated quantitatively for the first time in laboratory experiments and related analyses performed at the Canadian Nuclear Laboratories. State changes or error events were recorded in real time during irradiation of samples of ICs of different types in a 60Co gamma cell. From the error-event sequences, empirical distribution functions of dose were generated. The distribution functions were inverted and probabilities scaled by total error events, to yield plots of the relationship between dose and error tallies. Positive correlation was observed, and discrete functional dependence of dose quantiles on error tallies was measured, demonstrating the correctness of the premise. The idea of an engineered system that consumes unshielded low-cost ICs in a WSN, for the purpose of measuring gamma radiation dose over wide areas, is therefore tenable.
Hypoxia-activated prodrug enhances therapeutic effect of sunitinib in melanoma

Angiogenesis is a critical step during tumor progression. Anti-angiogenic therapy has only provided modest benefits in delaying tumor progression despite its early promise in cancer treatment. It has been postulated that anti-angiogenic therapy may promote the emergence of a more aggressive cancer cell phenotype by generating increased tumor hypoxia—a well-recognized promoter of tumor progression. TH-302 is a 2-nitroimidazole triggered hypoxia-activated prodrug (HAP) which has been shown to selectively target the hypoxic tumor compartment and reduce tumor volume. Here, we show that melanoma cells grown under hypoxic conditions exhibit increased resistance to a wide variety of therapeutic agents in vitro and generate larger and more aggressive tumors in vivo than melanoma cells grown under normoxic conditions. However, hypoxic melanoma cells exhibit a pronounced sensitivity to TH-302 which is further enhanced by the addition of sunitinib. Short term sunitinib treatment fails to prolong the survival of melanoma bearing genetically engineered mice (Tyr::CreER; BRafCA;Ptenlox/lox) but increases tumor hypoxia. Long term TH-302 alone modestly prolongs the overall survival of melanoma bearing mice. Combination therapy of TH-302 with sunitinib further increases the survival of treated mice. These studies provide a translational rationale for combining hypoxic tumor cell targeted therapies with anti-angiogenics for treatment of melanoma.
Impacts of the FTAA and China's WTO Accession on the International Trade of Soybeans and Soybean Products

The objective of this paper is to investigate the impacts of implementation of the FTAA and China’s lower import tariffs on international trade of soybean oil, soybean meal, and soybeans. A two-commodity spatial model was formulated. The base model was calibrated to simulate the average level data of 1996, 1997, and 1998. Two alternative trade scenarios were simulated. The results indicated that the implementation of FTAA and China’s WTO accession would generally result in higher soybean oil, soybean meal, and soybean trade. Additionally, output expansion by Brazil would harm the overall U.S. soybean and soybean product export sectors.
Systematic reviews in health care: Assessing the quality of controlled clinical trials.

This is the first in a series of four articles The quality of controlled trials is of obvious relevance to systematic reviews. If the “raw material” is flawed then the conclusions of systematic reviews cannot be trusted. Many reviewers formally assess the quality of primary trials by following the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and other experts. 1 2 However, the methodology for both the assessment of quality and its incorporation into systematic reviews and meta-analysis are a matter of ongoing debate.3-5 In this article we discuss the concept of study quality and the methods used to assess quality. #### Components of internal and external validity of controlled clinical trials Internal validity —extent to which systematic error (bias) is minimised in clinical trials Quality is a multidimensional concept, which could relate to the design, conduct, and analysis of a trial, its clinical relevance, or quality of reporting.6 The validity of the findings generated by a study clearly is an important dimension of quality. In the 1950s the social scientist Campbell proposed a useful distinction between internal and external validity (see box below). 7 8 Internal validity implies that the differences observed between groups of patients allocated to different …
A Spatial-Context Effect in Recognition Memory

We designed a novel experiment to investigate the modulation of human recognition memory by environmental context. Human participants were asked to navigate through a four-arm Virtual Reality (VR) maze in order to find and memorize discrete items presented at specific locations in the environment. They were later on tested on their ability to recognize items as previously presented or new. By manipulating the spatial position of half of the studied items during the testing phase of our experiment, we could assess differences in performance related to the congruency of environmental information at encoding and retrieval. Our results revealed that spatial context had a significant effect on the quality of memory. In particular, we found that recognition performance was significantly better in trials in which contextual information was congruent as opposed to those in which it was different. Our results are in line with previous studies that have reported spatial-context effects in recognition memory, further characterizing their magnitude under ecologically valid experimental conditions.
Prostaglandin E2 Inhibits α-Smooth Muscle Actin Transcription during Myofibroblast Differentiation via Distinct Mechanisms of Modulation of Serum Response Factor and Myocardin-related Transcription Factor-A*

Background: PGE2 inhibits TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation, but the mechanism is incompletely understood. Results: PGE2 inhibits α-SMA transcription in human lung fibroblasts by preventing both up-regulation of SRF expression and nuclear translocation of MRTF-A. Conclusion: PGE2 blocks myofibroblast differentiation by targeting two critical determinants of contractile gene expression. Significance: These actions provide a mechanistic basis for therapeutic targeting of lung fibrosis. Differentiation of lung fibroblasts into contractile protein-expressing myofibroblasts by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a critical event in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Transcription of the contractile protein α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is mediated by the transcription factor serum-response factor (SRF) along with its co-activator, myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A). The endogenous lipid mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) exerts anti-fibrotic effects, including the inhibition of myofibroblast differentiation. However, the mechanism by which PGE2 inhibits α-SMA expression is incompletely understood. Here, we show in normal lung fibroblasts that PGE2 reduced the nuclear accumulation of MRTF-A·SRF complexes and consequently inhibited α-SMA promoter activation. It did so both by independently inhibiting SRF gene expression and nuclear import of MRTF-A. We identified that p38 MAPK is critical for TGF-β1-induced SRF gene expression and that PGE2 inhibition of SRF expression is associated with its ability to inhibit p38 activation. Its inhibition of MRTF-A import occurs via activation of cofilin 1 and inactivation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein. Similar effects of PGE2 on SRF gene expression were observed in fibroblasts from the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, PGE2 is the first substance described to prevent myofibroblast differentiation by disrupting, via distinct mechanisms, the actions of both SRF and MRTF-A.
Management of harmonic propagation in a marine vessel by use of optimization

Advances in power electronics drive systems for variable speed operation has enabled extensive use of such solutions in the propulsion and thruster systems of marine vessels. These solutions however introduce current and voltage distortions that compromises the overall power quality of the onboard electrical system. This paper presents and discusses one approach for generating the harmonic current reference for an active filter based on optimization. Two relevant results are revealed by this study: 1) lower THD values are attained by performing system optimization compared to local compensation of one load, and 2) the lower THD values are achieved with a smaller active filter rating than the one required for local load compensation.
Mountain Waves over Mont Blanc: Influence of a Stagnant Boundary Layer.

Abstract A stationary mountain wave, embedded in southwesterly flow over Mont Blanc in the Alps, was observed simultaneously by three research aircraft and three types of remote sensing: GPS dropsondes, airborne light detecting and ranging (lidar), and rapid-scan satellite imagery. These observations provide a basis for testing linear and nonlinear theories of how mountain waves over complex terrain are controlled by the ambient wind profile, especially the effects of a low-level stagnant layer and the jet stream aloft. The layer of blocked flow near the ground reduced the amplitude of the wave generation. The strong wind and weak stability in the upper troposphere forced the wave into a decaying “evanescent” state. In spite of this evanescent condition, no lee waves were observed. The authors resolve this paradox by demonstrating that the stagnant layer below 3 km played an additional role. It was able to absorb downward reflected waves, preventing the formation of a resonant cavity. Linear theory, inclu.
Air coupled through transmission of aluminum and other recent results using MUTs

The air-coupled transmission of 2.3 MHz longitudinal ultrasonic waves through aluminum is reported. Microfabricated ultrasonic transducers are used to emit and receive the ultrasonic tone burst. The signal at the receiver is 30 dB above the noise floor, which implies a dynamic range of approximately 110 dB. The dynamic range is independently verified, and transmission through steel is also demonstrated. Air-coupled NDE scans of lucite plates are presented. An optimized fabrication process, based on theoretical understanding of the transducers, enables the experiments. Significant progress in the fabrication of immersion MUTs is also in evidence. An insertion loss of 4 dB is reported and transmission experiments show 100 dB of dynamic range with 100% bandwidth.
The innervation of the frog’s heart III. Electronmicroscopy of the autonomic nerve fibres and their vesicles

The electronmicroscopie appearance of the autonomic nerve fibres in the frog’s heart has been examined. The parasympathetic postganglionic fibres are typically cholinergic and have only a few cored vesicles amongst numerous small agranular ones. The sympathetic postganglionic fibres contain adrenaline and it is present in two types of vesicle, one is large (90 nm) and has an osmiophilic core, whilst the other is smaller (40 nm) and has no core unless the adrenaline is stained by the sodium dichromate/acrylic aldehyde method. There are also two types of noradrenaline-containing vesicles in mammalian nerves. These are compared with the vesicles in the frog nerves: there appear to be no differences other than the catecholamine stored.
A distributed mutual exclusion algorithm over multi-routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

In this paper, we propose a new architecture to solve the problem of mutual exclusion in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). The architecture is composed of two layers: (i) a middleware layer that contains a token-based distributed mutual exclusion algorithm (DMEA) and (ii) a network layer that includes two routing forwarding strategies: one to route request messages and the other to route the token message. We also propose a request ordering policy that ensures the usual mutual exclusion properties and reduces the number of hops traversed per critical section (CS) access. The paper also addresses the problem of network partitioning and unreachable nodes. The proposed mutual exclusion algorithm is further enhanced to provide fault tolerance by preventing the loss of the token and generating a new token if the token loss event occurs. The performance complexity as well as the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm experiences low number of hops per CS access.
Design characterization of an electronic steerable Ka-band antenna using liquid crystal phase shifters

Modern high data rate satellite communication systems increasingly utilize the Ka-band due to its ability to support higher bandwidth. Prior research work presented a copper-galvanically produced Ka-band horn array antenna and associated waveguide distribution network, mounted on a two axes mechanical steerable mechanism (LISAMS) for use aboard fast, low earth orbiting satellites. The current project, LISAES, investigates the feasibility of a similar horn array antenna, but fitted with liquid crystal phase shifters in the transmission path of each horn, which now allow steering of the antenna boresight through beam forming without the use of mechanically moving parts.
Authorship in paediatric research conducted in low‐ and middle‐income countries: parity or parasitism?

Interest in global health has increased greatly in the past two decades. Concomitantly, the number and complexity of research partnerships between high‐income (HIC) and low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) has grown. We aimed to determine whether there is authorship parity (equitable representation and author order) or parasitism (no authors from study countries) in paediatric research conducted in LMICs.
HWL — A high performance wireless sensor research network

Current Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consist of low powered energy efficient nodes with short range radios and limited computation capabilities. Sensing applications with multiple sensors, high sample rates, and large spatial coverage are not realizable with conventional WSNs. We propose High Performance WSNs (HP-WSN) with an 802.11n based physical layer and opportunistic routing to overcome the limitations of existing WSNs. We present a research test-bed for such HP-WSNs. As an intermediate step towards actual HP-WSNs, our test-bed (HWL) collects raw data into a centralized data store to provide an experiment friendly environment. The collected raw data includes sensor data (to develop new sensing applications) and data about network and system operation (to develop the sensor network). We provide an example HP-WSN application, derive research objectives for the development of HP-WSNs, provide a test-bed architecture and present evaluation results on network and data storage performance to show the principle feasibility of HP-WSNs.