Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A First Class Approach to Java Genericity

We describe MixGen, a generalization of Generic Java in which all generic types are first-class: they can be used in any context where a conventional Java type can appear. The most interesting consequence of this generalization is the fact that the language includes hygienic mixins, class extensions that have been abstracted with respect to their superclass. These abstractions are hygienic in that they avoid “accidental method overriding” when a mixin is applied to a specific superclass. MixGen is based on the NextGen formulation of Generic Java in which generic classes carry run-time parametric type information. In this paper, present an operational semantics for a core subset of MixGen, we prove type soundness for this core, and we describe how MixGen can be implemented on top of the existing Java Virtual Machine (version 1.4). In doing so, we provide the first practical formulation of mixins to support precise parametric type checking.
One-sided measures for evaluating ranked retrieval effectiveness with spontaneous conversational speech

Early speech retrieval experiments focused on news broadcasts, for which adequate Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) accuracy could be obtained. Like newspapers, news broadcasts are a manually selected and arranged set of stories. Evaluation designs reflected that, using known story boundaries as a basis for evaluation. Substantial advances in ASR accuracy now make it possible to build search systems for some types of spontaneous conversational speech, but present evaluation designs continue to rely on known topic boundaries that are no longer well matched to the nature of the materials. We propose a new class of measures for speech retrieval based on manual annotation of points at which a user with specific topical interests would wish replay to begin.
A novel gait generation for biped walking robots based on mechanical energy constraint

This paper proposes novel energy-based gait generation and control methods for biped robots based on an analysis of passive dynamic walking. First, we discuss the essence of dynamic walking using a passive walker on a gentle slope from the mechanical energy point of view. Second, we propose a simple and effective gait-generation method, which imitates the energy behavior in every walking cycle considering the zero-moment point condition and other factors of the active walker. The control strategy is formed by taking into account the features of mechanical energy dissipation and restoration. Following the proposed method, the robot can exhibit a natural and reasonable walk on a level ground without any gait planning and design in advance. The effectiveness of the method is examined through numerical simulations and experiments.
An Unbiased Estimator of Gene Diversity with Improved Variance for Samples Containing Related and Inbred Individuals of any Ploidy

Gene diversity, or expected heterozygosity (H), is a common statistic for assessing genetic variation within populations. Estimation of this statistic decreases in accuracy and precision when individuals are related or inbred, due to increased dependence among allele copies in the sample. The original unbiased estimator of expected heterozygosity underestimates true population diversity in samples containing relatives, as it only accounts for sample size. More recently, a general unbiased estimator of expected heterozygosity was developed that explicitly accounts for related and inbred individuals in samples. Though unbiased, this estimator’s variance is greater than that of the original estimator. To address this issue, we introduce a general unbiased estimator of gene diversity for samples containing related or inbred individuals, which employs the best linear unbiased estimator of allele frequencies, rather than the commonly used sample proportion. We examine the properties of this estimator, H∼BLUE, relative to alternative estimators using simulations and theoretical predictions, and show that it predominantly has the smallest mean squared error relative to others. Further, we empirically assess the performance of H∼BLUE on a global human microsatellite dataset of 5795 individuals, from 267 populations, genotyped at 645 loci. Additionally, we show that the improved variance of H∼BLUE leads to improved estimates of the population differentiation statistic, FST, which employs measures of gene diversity within its calculation. Finally, we provide an R script, BestHet, to compute this estimator from genomic and pedigree data.
Harmonic load pull of high-power microwave devices using fundamental-only load pull tuners

This paper presents a high-power high-efficiency PA design method using traditional fundamental-frequency load pull tuners. Harmonic impedance control at the virtual drain is accomplished through the use of tunable pre-matching circuits and full-wave FEM modeling of package parasitics. A 10-mm gate periphery GaN transistor from TriQuint is characterized using the method, and load-pull contours are presented illustrating the dramatic impact of varying 2nd harmonic termination. A 3rd harmonic termination is added to satisfy conditions for class-F-1 load pull, resulting in an 8% efficiency improvement over the best-case 2nd harmonic termination. The method is verified by design and measurement of a 36-W class-F-1 PA prototype at 2.14GHz with 81% drain efficiency and 14.5 dB gain (78% PAE) in pulsed operation.
Effects of Simulated Marker Placement Deviations on Running Kinematics and Evaluation of a Morphometric-Based Placement Feedback Method

In order to provide effective test-retest and pooling of information from clinical gait analyses, it is critical to ensure that the data produced are as reliable as possible. Furthermore, it has been shown that anatomical marker placement is the largest source of inter-examiner variance in gait analyses. However, the effects of specific, known deviations in marker placement on calculated kinematic variables are unclear, and there is currently no mechanism to provide location-based feedback regarding placement consistency. The current study addresses these disparities by: applying a simulation of marker placement deviations to a large (n = 411) database of runners; evaluating a recently published method of morphometric-based deviation detection; and pilot-testing a system of location-based feedback for marker placements. Anatomical markers from a standing neutral trial were moved virtually by up to 30 mm to simulate deviations. Kinematic variables during running were then calculated using the original, and altered static trials. Results indicate that transverse plane angles at the knee and ankle are most sensitive to deviations in marker placement (7.59 degrees of change for every 10 mm of marker error), followed by frontal plane knee angles (5.17 degrees for every 10 mm). Evaluation of the deviation detection method demonstrated accuracies of up to 82% in classifying placements as deviant. Finally, pilot testing of a new methodology for providing location-based feedback demonstrated reductions of up to 80% in the deviation of outcome kinematics.
Anthropometry and head and neck cancer:a pooled analysis of cohort data.

BACKGROUND Associations between anthropometry and head and neck cancer (HNC) risk are inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate these associations while minimizing biases found in previous studies. METHODS We pooled data from 1,941,300 participants, including 3760 cases, in 20 cohort studies and used multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of anthropometric measures with HNC risk overall and stratified by smoking status. RESULTS Greater waist circumference (per 5 cm: HR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.05, P-value for trend = <0.0001) and waist-to-hip ratio (per 0.1 unit: HR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.09, P-value for trend = <0.0001), adjusted for body mass index (BMI), were associated with higher risk and did not vary by smoking status (P-value for heterogeneity = 0.85 and 0.44, respectively). Associations with BMI (P-value for interaction = <0.0001) varied by smoking status. Larger BMI was associated with higher HNC risk in never smokers (per 5 kg/m(2): HR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.24, P-value for trend = 0.0006), but not in former smokers (per 5 kg/m(2): HR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.93-1.06, P-value for trend = 0.79) or current smokers (per 5 kg/m(2): HR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.71-0.82, P-value for trend = <0.0001). Larger hip circumference was not associated with a higher HNC risk. Greater height (per 5 cm) was associated with higher risk of HNC in never and former smokers, but not in current smokers. CONCLUSIONS Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were associated positively with HNC risk regardless of smoking status, whereas a positive association with BMI was only found in never smokers.
The Local Stellar Initial Mass Function

This contribution describes the difficult task of inferring the IMF from local star-count data, by discussing the mass-luminosity relation, unresolved binary, triple and quadruple systems, abundance and age spreads and Galactic structure, all of which must be accounted for properly for the results to be meaningful. A consensus emerges that the local IMF may be represented by a two-part power-law, with indices alpha=1-1.5 for stars with mass m<0.5 Msun, and the Salpeter value alpha=2.3 for more massive stars, but some uncertainties remain. Notable is also that the sensitivity of the stellar luminosity function (LF) to the derivative of the mass-luminosity relation is very evident in the (local) Hipparcos and HST, open-cluster and globular-cluster LFs, thus allowing tests of stellar structure theory. The upcoming astrometry space missions DIVA and GAIA will undoubtedly lead to significant advances in this field.
COEVOLUTION AND THE ARCHITECTURE OF MUTUALISTIC NETWORKS

Although coevolution is widely recognized as an important evolutionary process for pairs of reciprocally specialized species, its importance within species‐rich communities of generalized species has been questioned. Here we develop and analyze mathematical models of mutualistic communities, such as those between plants and pollinators or plants and seed‐dispersers to evaluate the importance of coevolutionary selection within complex communities. Our analyses reveal that coevolutionary selection can drive significant changes in trait distributions with important consequences for the network structure of mutualistic communities. One such consequence is greater connectance caused by an almost invariable increase in the rate of mutualistic interaction within the community. Another important consequence is altered patterns of nestedness. Specifically, interactions mediated by a mechanism of phenotype matching tend to be antinested when coevolutionary selection is weak and even more strongly antinested as increasing coevolutionary selection favors the emergence of reciprocal specialization. In contrast, interactions mediated by a mechanism of phenotype differences tend to be nested when coevolutionary selection is weak, but less nested as increasing coevolutionary selection favors greater levels of generalization in both plants and animals. Taken together, our results show that coevolutionary selection can be an important force within mutualistic communities, driving changes in trait distributions, interaction rates, and even network structure.
Othello syndrome in patients with Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND Othello syndrome (OS) is an organic delusional disorder with prevailing jealousy symptoms presumably appearing as side effect of antiparkinsonian therapy. The clinical spectrum of psychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) is very wide, including symptoms of depression and anxiety, hallucinations, delusions, with prevalent paranoid symptoms, agitation, delirium and sleep disorders. At our knowledge, just a few cases of patients with PD and OS were reported till now. METHODS three neurologists working in a tertiary referral centre were asked to report cases of pathological jealousy as defined by the DSM IV criteria (Kaplan et al. 1994). The following data were collected retrospectively: sex, age at PD onset, age at OS onset, duration of PD, duration of PD treatment, duration of treatment with dopamine agonists (DAs), treatment of OS, past history of alcoholism, premorbid personality disorder, family history of psychiatric disorders and data about general cognitive condition. RESULTS Five PD patients (three males) with OS were investigated. The mean age of the patients at the PD onset was 46.80+/-8.87 (SD), the mean age at the OS onset was 56.40+/-8.76 (SD). Before the onset of OS, all of them were taking dopamine agonists. The first patient was treated with pramipexole, apomorphine infusion and levodopa/carbidopa, the second with apomorphine infusion plus levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone, the third with pramipexole, the fourth and fifth with ropinirole. Decrease of dopamine agonist led to clinical improvement in three patients (complete reduction of the symptoms in two, reduction of symptoms in one patients). In two patients, the symptoms remained the same. In three patients atypical neuroleptics had to be added: clozapine in two and quetiapine in one patient. CONCLUSIONS We believe that OS is a more common psychiatric side effect in PD patients on treatment with dopamine agonists than usually believed, particulary in those with early disease onset. It is a very disturbing symptom for patients and their partners, often underestimated by them, and should therefore be actively searched for.
A new modeling and simulation methodology of a patch antenna by bond graph approach

In order to develop a new tool for modeling and simulation, more effective for multi-triangular patch antenna, we thought, in this paper, to use the Bond-Graph approach jointly with the Scattering formalism. Indeed, what we seek is a simple, effective, fast tool, allowing integrating our antenna with other components. This new technique is based on a physical interpretation of patch antennas that will lead to a conventional Bond-Graph model. The analytical procedure operating Scattering parameters, developed in our previous research, will be applied on the Bond-Graph model of patch antenna to validate the results.
DyNAVacS: an integrative tool for optimized DNA vaccine design

DNA vaccines have slowly emerged as keystones in preventive immunology due to their versatility in inducing both cell-mediated as well as humoral immune responses. The design of an efficient DNA vaccine, involves choice of a suitable expression vector, ensuring optimal expression by codon optimization, engineering CpG motifs for enhancing immune responses and providing additional sequence signals for efficient translation. DyNAVacS is a web-based tool created for rapid and easy design of DNA vaccines. It follows a step-wise design flow, which guides the user through the various sequential steps in the design of the vaccine. Further, it allows restriction enzyme mapping, design of primers spanning user specified sequences and provides information regarding the vectors currently used for generation of DNA vaccines. The web version uses Apache HTTP server. The interface was written in HTML and utilizes the Common Gateway Interface scripts written in PERL for functionality. DyNAVacS is an integrated tool consisting of user-friendly programs, which require minimal information from the user. The software is available free of cost, as a web based application at URL: .
A comparative review of i∗-based and use case-based security modelling initiatives

Security requirements elicitation and modelling are integral for the successful development of secure systems. However, there are a lot of similar yet not identical approaches that currently exist for security requirements modelling, which is confusing for researchers and practitioners hence some characterisation will be useful to give a better overview and understanding of advantages and disadvantages of various approaches. This paper provides a comparative review of i*-based and use case - based security modelling initiatives, using a characterisation framework with several dimensions. Our findings show that both categories of initiatives have significant conceptual similarities in the aspect of modelling language and method process, and coverage of security requirements modelling notions. They have conceptual differences in the aspect of: representation perspective, kind of security requirements engineering activities that are supported, the quality of specification that is generated and the specification techniques used, and the degree of support for software evolution.
Ontology based approach for network security

Computer network is a dynamic entity whose state changes with the introduction of new services, installation of new network operating system, and addition of new hardware component! creation of new user roles and by attacks from various actors instigated by aggressors. Unauthorized intrusion into a computer system or network is one of the most serious threats to computer security. Intrusion detection systems have been developed to provide early warning of an intrusion so that defensive action can be taken to prevent or minimize damage. Intrusion detection involves detecting unusual patterns of activity or patterns of activity that are known to correlate with intrusions. One of the two most publicized threats to security is the intruder (the other is viruses), often referred to as a hacker or cracker. Various security mechanisms employed in the network does not give the complete picture of security of complete network. In this paper, we have derived more number of probabilities for prediction rules and implemented those probabilities in the simulation model web application to protect the datacenter.
Stereotaxic display of brain lesions.

Traditionally lesion location has been reported using standard templates, text based descriptions or representative raw slices from the patient's CT or MRI scan. Each of these methods has drawbacks for the display of neuroanatomical data. One solution is to display MRI scans in the same stereotaxic space popular with researchers working in functional neuroimaging. Presenting brains in this format is useful as the slices correspond to the standard anatomical atlases used by neuroimagers. In addition, lesion position and volume are directly comparable across patients. This article describes freely available software for presenting stereotaxically aligned patient scans. This article focuses on MRI scans, but many of these tools are also applicable to other modalities (e.g. CT, PET and SPECT). We suggest that this technique of presenting lesions in terms of images normalized to standard stereotaxic space should become the standard for neuropsychological studies.
Feature featherweight java: a calculus for feature-oriented programming and stepwise refinement

Feature-oriented programming (FOP) is a paradigm that incorporates programming language technology, program generation techniques, and stepwise refinement. In their GPCE'07 paper, Thaker et al. suggest the development of a type system for FOP to guarantee safe feature composition, i.e, to guarantee the absence of type errors during feature composition. We present such a type system along with a calculus for a simple feature-oriented, Java-like language, called Feature Featherweight Java (FFJ). Furthermore, we explore four extensions of FFJ and how they affect type soundness.
How to accelerate massive storage system availability test

An accelerated massive storage system available test syatem can be used for the evaluation of the massive storage system availability indicators to meet the design requirements. The massive storage system was hierarchical in accordance with data flow, and we designed fault injection tool for each layer. Based on the fault injection tool, we designed massive storage system availability test suite, it can test the massive storage system submodule fault correlation, subsystem redundancy, and component mean time to repair(MTTR). We defined the concept of the MTBF threshold value(MTBFTV), and developed simulation applications load based transaction processing. MTBFTV was validated by actual test, the massive storage system availability test can be accelerated. From a third party point of view, we can evaluate the availability of massive storage systems fast and fair.
Education reform in New York City (2002–2013)

Abstract In 2002 Michael Bloomberg took office as Mayor of New York City and, over the next 12 years of his administration, oversaw a series of sweeping reforms in order to ‘fix’ the broken education system which he believed he had inherited. This paper details the key policy reforms in New York City’s public school system during this period, assessing the extent to which the reforms were successful and what can be learnt from a policy perspective for other urban education systems. It outlines the radical programme of school closure, structural reform, and the introduction of new measures of accountability and autonomy, concluding that reform in New York City can be grouped into four categories: leadership; structure and schools; accountability; and teachers. While a lack of targeted evaluation means that it is not possible to prove causation, it nonetheless shows that there is a correlation between this set of reforms and the fact that by 2013 New York City’s performance on national tests placed it amongst the best urban school districts in America when compared with other cities serving similar populations.
Individual Differences in the Workplace : Perspectives of Reciprocity and Fit

The dissertation consists of three essays which address the perspectives of reciprocity and fit in the causal relationships between people and work. Chapter 2 focuses on the functions of individuals' personality and disentangles the reciprocity between individuals' locus of control and job autonomy in a longitudinal context. Chapter 3 draws attention to individuals' attitudes and explores the causal relations between individuals' affective commitment and income over time. With a framework of corporate social responsibility, Chapter 4 investigates the impact of firm's policy on individuals' work attitudes and behaviors based on a cross-sectional survey and a field experiment. Overall, with multiple data sources and rigorous analytical approaches, the dissertation enriches the understanding of the causality associated with individual differences in the work environment.