Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apomorphine Alters Prey-Catching Patterns in the Common Toad: Behavioral Experiments and 14C-2-Deoxyglucose Brain Mapping Studies

Previous studies on the dopaminergic modulation of visuomotor functions in amphibians showed that the dopamine agonist apomorphine (APO) alters prey-catching strategies. After systemic administration of APO in common toads Bufo bufo, prey-oriented turning and locomotion was attenuated whereas snapping toward prey was facilitated in a dose dependent manner. With systemic APO administration, toads which had previously been hunting, that is pursuing prey, behaved in a waiting position, that is sitting motionless and waiting for prey. This suggests that APO facilitates the ingestive component and inhibits the orientational and locomotory components of prey capture. To help unravel the cerebral sites of action of APO, the present study employs the 14C-2-deoxyglucose method to compare the rate of local glucose utilization in 41 brain structures. The retinal projection fields – e.g. superficial optic tectum, pretectal nuclei, and anterior dorsal thalamic nucleus – showed an elevation in glucose utilization due to APO-induced increases in retinal output. The medial tectal layers and the ventral striatum, both involved in visuomotor functions related to prey-oriented turning and locomotion, displayed APO-induced decreases in glucose utilization. APO-induced increases in glucose utilization were observed in the medial reticular formation and the hypoglossal nucleus which participate in the motor pattern generation of snapping. APO-induced increases in glucose utilization were also detected in the nucleus accumbens and the ventral tegmentum (mesolimbic system) as well as in the ventromedial pallium (‘primordium hippocampi’) and the septum, both of which belonging to the limbic system. These structures contribute to motivational level control and may be responsible for the APO-induced elevation of the snapping rate. Various other structures revealed APO-induced increases in glucose utilization. These structures include the olfactory bulb, lateral pallium, suprachiasmatic nucleus, nucleus of the periventricular organ, and the nucleus of the solitary tract. The lateral amygdala displayed APO-induced decreases in glucose utilization. The APO-induced alterations in local cerebral glucose utilization are evaluated with reference to the distribution of dopaminergic structures, and this is compared with similar data obtained in the rat by other authors. A neural network explaining the APO-induced behavioral syndrome in the common toad is discussed.
Meta-analysis of the Association Between CYP 2 E 1 RsaI / PstI Polymorphisms and Lung Cancer Risk in Chinese Population

Lung cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer as well as the leading cause of cancer death in males globally, and among females, it was the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death (Jemal et al., 2011). In the United States, an estimated 228,190 new cases of lung cancer are expected in 2013, accounting for about 14% of cancer diagnoses and an estimated 159,480 deaths, accounting for about 27% of all cancer deaths, are expected to occur in 2013 (Siegel et al., 2013). In China, lung cancer was increased 465% during the past 30 years and became the leading cause of cancer-related death in the current decade as well. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that more than a million Chinese will be diagnosed with lung cancer in each year by the year of 2025 (Zhao et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2014). Lung cancer is associated strongly with environmental exposures (Luqman et al., 2014; Phukan et al., 2014).
The Clash of Social and Knowledge Spaces: The Assumed Ismorphism Under the Hood

So far, the dominant literature that has studied knowledge creation, transfer or absorption using social networks as explanatory variable has produced conflicting results. This research line has exponentially expanded in the last years and it has been always based on the perspective of social ties as channels where knowledge flows through. Different analysis using network structures, ego networks, social positions or relational properties has always worked on an implicit idea: social proximity describes knowledge proximity. Since innovation can be conceptualized as novel combination of knowledge, social proximity should be capable of describing how social structures affect innovative outcomes. However, vague and incoherent results are found across the literature. This may be due to the generalized assumption of an isomorphism between two spaces: the knowledge space, where innovators or researchers are located according to what they know; and a social space, where people are located according to who they know. This paper attempts to explore both dimensions as independent and assess the possibility of an isomorphism among their distances. The knowledge space is built upon the manifested compatibilities between cited papers or patents as a measure of distance between their authors, while the social space is represented by the social network scholars belong to. The overlooked interaction of these two spaces determines the potentiality of innovating since it is necessary to combine knowledge and the people who have it. After a theoretical review and analysis, an empirical test is performed. The data set comes from the research activity of 3 research departments of a Spanish University: Economics, Statistics and Business. Given the particular characteristics of the research activity and the organizational structure, the email network is taken as a representation of social ties among scholars. On the other hand, published and working papers produced by these departments are used to describe the knowledge space. Social closeness ? measured by the intensity of email activity between two researchers? is contrasted with expertise proximity ? evaluated according to bibliometric techniques? Due to the anonymity of the email database and the consequent complexity of detecting an isomorphism between two sets of different size and without a rule of identification, I designed and used a special algorithm capable of confirming the absence of the isomorphism. Afterwards, I conducted a sociometric survey for corroborating results. I found knowledge and social distances to be significantly different implying that social spaces
DroidDeepLearner: Identifying Android malware using deep learning

With the proliferation of Android apps, encounters with malicious apps (malware) by mobile users are on the rise as vulnerabilities in the Android platform system are exploited by malware authors to access personal or sensitive information with ill intentions, often with financial gain in mind. To uphold security integrity and maintain user confidence, various approaches have been studied in the field of malware detection. As malware become more capable at hiding its malicious intent through the use of code obfuscation, it becomes imperative for malware detection techniques to keep up with the pace of malware changes. Currently, most of the existing malware detection approaches for Android platform use semantic pattern matching, which is highly effective but is limited to what the computers have encountered before. However, their performance degrades significantly when it comes to identifying malicious apps they have never tackled before. In this paper, we propose DroidDeepLearner, an Android malware characteri-zation and identification approach that uses deep learning algorithm to address the current need for malware detection to become more autonomous at learning to solve problems with less human intervention. Experimental results have shown that the DroidDeepLearner approach achieves good performance when compared to the existing widely used malware detection approaches.
An Ontological Approach for Enriching Metadata of Learning Objects to Support Effective e-Learning

Summary The metadata elements in e-learning domain provide some meaning about the metadata content. But the current existing metadata standards are not providing fully educative support information and also they are not completely suitable enough to integrate Semantic Web technologies into e-learning domain. In this paper, we discuss the issues surrounding the existing learning object's metadata standards and the need of ontological approach to enrich existing standards. Along with this we investigate the existing standards and possible approaches to strengthen e-learning metadata.
Discourse Analysis of User Forums in an Online Weight Loss Application

Online social communities are becoming increasingly popular platforms for people to share information, seek emotional support, and maintain accountability for losing weight. Studying the language and discourse in these communities can offer insights on how users benefit from using these applications. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of language and discourse patterns in forum posts by users who lose weight and keep it off versus users with fluctuating weight dynamics. Our results reveal differences about how the types of posts, polarity of sentiments, and semantic cohesion of posts made by users vary along with their weight loss pattern. To our knowledge, this is the first discourse-level analysis of language and weight loss dynamics.
A multicriterion segmentation approach based on CLV components

Most segmentation analyses use descriptive variables to group customers into homogenous segments in order to propose appropriate marketing actions and to optimize firms resources allocation. However, descriptive variables are usually fixed in time and lack actionability and responsiveness power. Some studies suggested that value based segmentation is the most significant from the standpoint of marketing activities. The customer lifetime value (CLV) metric, which aims to predict the future value of each customer, is often recommended as an interesting feature to segment customers. However, segmentation based on the two CLV components, number of transactions and lifetime, helps to better explain the customer behavior and to propose more effective marketing actions. In this work, we propose a Multicriterion segmentation approach based both on descriptive variables and on CLV components. The Multicriterion problem is solved using genetic algorithms by generating a set of Pareto-optimal solutions. The empirical analysis shows the ability of the proposed approach to characterize customer segments and to propose appropriate marketing actions.
Hop-by-hop reliable, parallel message propagation for intermittently-connected mesh networks

Wireless mesh networks suffer from intermittent connectivity, and thus hop-by-hop reliability and parallel message propagation, which DTN researches have explored, can be applied to allow scalable message propagation over such challenged network environments. We implemented those communication schemes onto UTMesh - 50-node scale wireless mesh network testbed, and studied the delivery patterns. On the evaluation result with UTMesh, we have confirmed (1) that hop-by-hop reliability scheme achieves scalable message propagation (e.g., 23 hops), and (2) that message propagation speed increases as the redundancy-level increases. We have also observed that the smallest hop count path does not always achieve the fastest message delivery. This was probably because longer distant links were unstable and message paths over short distant links provided faster propagation.
Monkeys at the Movies: What Evolutionary Cinematics Tells Us about Film

Because the visual neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of monkeys are largely similar to ours, we explore the hypothesis that the same cinematographic techniques that create a visual scene for us likely create one for these close kin. Understanding how monkeys watch movies can illuminate how film exploits the capacities we share with our simian relatives, what capacities are specific to humans, and to what extent human culture exerts an influence on our filmic experience. The article finds that humans and monkeys share a basic capacity to process sensory events on the screen. Both can recognize moving objects and acting individuals, and both prefer looking at motion pictures of social behaviors over static images. It seems clear that some of the same things that make movies “work” for human brains also work for the brains of our nonhuman relatives—excepting two critical features. First, humans appear to integrate sequential events over a much larger time frame than monkeys, giving us a greater attunement to the unfolding narrative. Moreover, humans appear to have special interest in the attention and intentional states of others seen on the screen. These states are shared through deictic cues such as observed gazing, reaching, and pointing. The article concludes that a major difference in how humans and monkeys see movies may be declarative in nature; it recognizes the possibility that movies exist as a means of sharing experience, a skill-set in which the human species has specialized and through which humans have reaped unprecedented rewards, including the art of film.
Measuring language-specific phonetic settings

While it is well known that languages have different phonemes and phonologies, there is growing interest in the idea that languages may also differ in their ‘phonetic setting’. The term ‘phonetic setting’ refers to a tendency to make the vocal apparatus employ a language-specific habitual configuration. For example, languages may differ in their degree of lip-rounding, tension of the lips and tongue, jaw position, phonation types, pitch range and register. Such phonetic specifications may be particularly difficult for second language (L2) learners to acquire, yet be easily perceivable by first language (L1) listeners as inappropriate. Techniques that are able to capture whether and how an L2 learner’s pronunciation proficiency in their two languages relates to the respective phonetic settings in each language should prove useful for second language research. This article gives an overview of a selection of techniques that can be used to investigate phonetic settings at the articulatory level, such as flesh-point tracking, ultrasound tongue imaging and electropalatography (EPG), as well as a selection of acoustic measures such as measures of pitch range, long-term average spectra and formants.
Design and analysis four bit hybrid full adder cell using gate diffusion input technique and domino logic

In this paper, four-bit hybrid full cell has been proposed which is basically consist of two techniques that is Gate Diffusion Input Technique and Domino Logic. Domino Logic is standard logic which is quiet better than Static Logic. In domino logic, by utilizing the evaluation phase as well as the pre-charge phase, it is used to increase the speed of the circuit. It is also used for the low power consumption as well as the low leakage current in the circuit. For the low power design this hybrid combination of Gate Diffusion Input Technique and Domino Logic is used. In this paper, CADENCE VIRTUOSO tool is being used and all the simulation work is done on it by utilizing the technology node at 180nm along with the supply voltage of 1.8V. The simulation result represents that the proposed 4-bit full adder cell absorbs 96.84% less power as compare with the Standard Domino Logic [5], 82% less power as compare with the Dynamic Body Bias Generator [5] and 22.38% less power as compare with the MTCMOS domino logic [6]. As we know that power and propagation delay both are varying inversely proportional but still the propagation delay is not much affected and the delay in proposed architecture design is almost similar than the existing designs.
Alzheimer rehabilitation by students: Interventions and outcomes

This article advocates proactive Alzheimer treatment, describes rehab interventions implemented by students, and reports positive first year outcomes for 11 mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients who experienced these interventions in a longitudinal Alzheimer rehabilitation research programme. Students supervised physical fitness training and volunteer work sessions for all participants and administered specific memory and language stimulation exercises to 7 of them (experimental group). Outcomes were measured by standardised and project-related tests before and after two semesters (about 28 weeks) of participation. It was hypothesised that (1) the experimental group would outperform the control group at post-testing on standardised and project-specific cognitive and language measures; that both the experimental and control group would (2) maintain or improve the quality of their spontaneous discourse, (3) improve on measures of mood, and (4) improve on measures of physical fitness. Hypothesis 1 was only partially supported. The experimental group improved significantly from pre- to post-test on two measures, substantially on one measure, and showed no change on eleven measures. The control group declined significantly on three measures and showed no change on eleven measures. However, between group differences were only significant on one measure. Hypotheses 2, 3, and 4 were supported. The major conclusion was that: multi-modal interventions by students can temporarily maintain or improve cognitive, language, social, and physical functioning of Alzheimer's patients.
EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL GOAL-SETTING CONFERENCES ON ACHIEVEMENT, ATTITUDES, AND GOAL-SETTING BEHAVIOR

The study was designed to investigate the effects of individual goal-setting conferences on classroom achieve ment and attitude and on goal-setting behavior. Ss were blocked on sex and previous reading achievement and assigned to one of three treatment groups: the goal-setting group which received weekly individual goal-setting conferences; the conference group which received weekly individual conferences, but set no goals; and the control group which had no conferences, but received the same in-class instruction. Analyses of the data showed that the goal-setting group had significantly higher classroom achievement, and that their subsequent goal-setting behavior was significantly different from that of the non-goal-setting groups.
SAR measurements of surface displacements at Augustine volcano, Alaska from 1992 to 2005

Augustine volcano is an active stratovolcano located at the southwest of Anchorage, Alaska. Augustine volcano had experienced seven significantly explosive eruptions in 1812, 1883, 1908, 1935, 1963, 1976, and 1986, and a minor eruption in January 2006. We measured the surface displacements of the volcano by radar interferometry and GPS before and after the eruption in 2006. ERS-1/2, RADARSAT-1 and ENVISAT SAR data were used for the study. Multiple interferograms were stacked to reduce artifacts caused by different atmospheric conditions. Least square (LS) method was used to reduce atmospheric artifacts. Singular value decomposition (SVD) method was applied for retrieval of time sequential deformations. Satellite radar interferometry helps to understand the surface displacements system of Augustine volcano.
A framework and testbed for studying manipulation techniques for immersive VR

Developing virtual realit y (VR) applications which enable actual work over a period of time requires optimization of the most basic interactions, such as object manipulation, so that the immersed participant can concentrate on higher-level tasks rather than on low-level motor activities. This paper presents a framework and experimental testbed for studies of VR object manipulation techniques. The framework provides a systematic task analysis of immersive manipulation and suggests a user-specific nonEuclidean system for the measurement of VR spatial relationships. The Virtual Reality Manipulation Assessment Testbed (VRMAT) is a practical implementation of the framework and is a flexible tool allowing in-depth experimental studies of immersive manipulation. Pilot studies have been conducted to evaluate this framework and testbed and to establish a baseline for further development.
Solving the Phantom Problem by Predicative Optimistic Concurrency Control

Database programming languages provide powerful telationai structures and operators based on, for exampb, first-order predicate calculus. Language Constructs for database programming, including a tmnsaction concepC requite thsrefof’e a predttteorbnted approach to con~m~lcy c~ntrool. A predicative optimistic concunency control is presented that attacks problems inhefwt in predtcate locking. Oniy those conflicts that achrally occurred between tnurractions Srs detected, and well-known query evaluation algorithms en9 applied instead of algorithms testing the diijointneas of certain m&icted cbsses of pmdiites. For that reason, this approach is an elegant solution to the phantom problem.
Imaging, imagining knowledge in higher education curricula: new visions and troubled thresholds

It is urgent that we re-examine models of knowledge and knowledge-making within the university, at this time of open learning and deregulated multi-million dollar and euro open science hubs and portals. For otherwise, we are bound into ‘crude’ instrumentalism, ‘delivering’ ‘knowledge packets’ rather than seeing our curricula as potentially transformative (Head in the Clouds and Feet on the Ground. http://www.srhe.ac.uk/events/details.asp? EID=54). This article reflects on two issue-raising colloquia which challenged and reimagined our models of disciplinary knowledge and curricula design: the Society for Research in Higher Education (SRHE) Theory Network ‘New Visions’ symposium and the 4th Biennial Threshold Concepts Conference. Both were linked by a pre-occupation with the visualisation and modelling of knowledge and university knowledge-making: the first looking to Barnett's ‘Structuring Knowledge in an Age of Non-Structure’ and Peters ‘Open Science Economy’ and the second concerned with academic and, now, professional, ‘threshold concepts’; both challenged the way we imagine, and image, knowledge and its incorporation and creation in university curricula.
Becoming Aware of One's Competence in the Second Year: Developmental Progression within the Mother Child Dyad

This article shows that infants become aware of their competence in the second year. It is argued that this progression is: (1) promoted in the interaction with a familiar and motivated adult; (2) is part and parcel of developmental advances in control of action; (3) is expressed in a sequence of behavioural indicators predicted by a task-analysis. Task-centred interactions of 12 mother-infant pairs were observed at bimonthly intervals between the infants' 14th and 22nd month. Control of action was assessed in terms of per-minute rate of task attempts, and number of consecutive attempts in task-action episodes. Behavioural indicators of awareness of one's competence included reactions to successful and unsuccessful outcomes, and seeking and rejecting maternal help. The findings support the three predictions raised, in that: (1) with the mother-child dyad paradigm employed, pride reactions to success became common as early as at 20 months; (2) developmental gains both in action control and in becoming aware of one's competence occurred across the entire longitudinal span; (3) the findings are consistent with the predicted sequence of different kinds of help-related behaviour and reactions to failure and success.