Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fault Tolerance via Diversity for Off-the-Shelf Products: A Study with SQL Database Servers

If an off-the-shelf software product exhibits poor dependability due to design faults, then software fault tolerance is often the only way available to users and system integrators to alleviate the problem. Thanks to low acquisition costs, even using multiple versions of software in a parallel architecture, which is a scheme formerly reserved for few and highly critical applications, may become viable for many applications. We have studied the potential dependability gains from these solutions for off-the-shelf database servers. We based the study on the bug reports available for four off-the-shelf SQL servers plus later releases of two of them. We found that many of these faults cause systematic noncrash failures, which is a category ignored by most studies and standard implementations of fault tolerance for databases. Our observations suggest that diverse redundancy would be effective for tolerating design faults in this category of products. Only in very few cases would demands that triggered a bug in one server cause failures in another one, and there were no coincident failures in more than two of the servers. Use of different releases of the same product would also tolerate a significant fraction of the faults. We report our results and discuss their implications, the architectural options available for exploiting them, and the difficulties that they may present.
An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Therapists' perspectives of predisposing factors of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Therapists? perspectives of Predisposing factors of Post Traumatic StressDisorderBackground: The aim of this study was to explore the experience and sense making oftherapists working with clients who present with a PTSD diagnosis. The study engaged with therapists experience and understanding of predisposing factors to PTSD and how they incorporate this understanding into the therapy process. Further to this the experience of the therapists understanding of the influence of predisposing factors on the expression of PTSD was explored.Literature Review: A literature review is presented identifying core research relating to PTSD, predisposing factors to the development of PTSD and the treatments used when working with PTSD as a presenting issue.Methodology: To address the aims of the study 9 therapist participants were interviewed. Semi-structured, one to one, in-depth interviews were utilised to elicit participant? s experience of the issues outlined within the aims. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to identify re-current themes across the interviews and analyse the data, which emerged.Findings: The main findings present thirteen sub-ordinate themes that reflect the essence of the participant? s experience of the phenomenon under investigation. These were based around eight Super-ordinate (master) themes of Previous history, Therapy relationship, Psychoeducation and Normalisation, Identity, Culture, Attachment, Presenting Therapy Themes, and Support Systems.Discussion and Conclusion: The study identified the participant? s experience of predisposing factors on the expression of PTSD. There was consensus from the participant? s in relation to the significant impact of client? s previous life experience on their expression of PTSD. The participants further identified that the client? s previous life experience influenced their formulation and treatment of PTSD. Significant issues that were described by all of the participants regardless of their theoretical or therapeutic perspective were (1) the central importance of the therapeutic relationship, (without a strong, trusting and safe relationship the participants would not engage the therapy work), (2) the importance of in-depth history taking (identification of previous life experience and its impact on the current response to the trauma), (3) the impact of previous trauma(s), and (4) the impact of support systems, environment and identity. These issues are discussed alongside the existing literature around this topic. Additionally, suggestions for future directions of research and recommendations for practice are presented.Key words: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD); Predisposing Factors; Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA); Therapists viewpoint
Record Skipping in Parallel Data Processing Systems

Cloud computing with massive parallel execution engines is a common method to handle big data. But cloud computing and the characteristics of the data (semi structured, from different sources, probably cluttered) cause the development and execution of data processing jobs to be failure prone. This asks for processing engines to be fault tolerant. This paper introduces an approach to skip faulty or already processed records after a failure. This enables the execution engine to recover from a failure if the data is flawed. Additionally skipping records allows a recovery with less restarts. The introduced record skipping solution relies on the possibility to reproduce a previous data distribution pattern of a job run. This is done by logging the order of consumed data. The evaluation shows that the overhead of the described technique is negligibly small.
Multiscale Scattering for Audio Classification

Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) are efficient audio descriptors providing spectral energy measurements over short time windows of length 23 ms. These measurements, however, lose non-stationary spectral information such as transients or time-varying structures. It is shown that this information can be recovered as spectral co-occurrence coefficients. Scattering operators compute these coefficients with a cascade of wavelet filter banks and modulus rectifiers. The signal can be reconstructed from scattering coefficients by inverting these wavelet modulus operators. An application to genre classification shows that second-order cooccurrence coefficients improve results obtained by MFCC and Delta-MFCC descriptors. 1
The "healthy lifestyle guide pyramid" for children and adolescents.

INTRODUCTION Increasing evidence demonstrates that risk factors for chronic diseases are established during childhood and adolescence. Consensus about the need to increase prevention efforts makes the adoption of a healthy lifestyle seem desirable from early childhood onwards. After reviewing educational tools for children and adolescents aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle, it was recognized that there was a need to develop a simple educational tool specifically designed for these age groups. METHODS Development of the healthy lifestyle pyramid for children and adolescents. RESULTS We propose a three-dimensional, truncated and staggered pyramid with 4 faces and a base, which introduces a completely new concept that goes beyond other published pyramids. Each of the faces is oriented towards achieving a different goal. Two faces (faces 1 and 2) are formulated around achieving a goal on a daily basis (daily food intake, face 1, and daily activities, face 2). Face 3 is an adaptation of the traditional food guide pyramid, adapted to children's energy, nutritional and hydration needs. Face 4 deals with both daily and life-long habits. On the base of the pyramid, there is advice about adequate nutrition alternating with advice about physical activity and sports. CONCLUSION The Healthy Lifestyle Pyramid is specifically developed for children and adolescents according to current scientific knowledge and evidence-based data and includes easy-to-follow advice and full colour pictures. Following these guidelines should improve health and reduce risk factors, promoting enjoyable and appropriate development towards adulthood.
Clinical features, exercise hemodynamics, and determinants of left ventricular elevated filling pressure in heart‐transplanted patients

This study aimed to assess clinical, functional, and hemodynamic characteristics of heart‐transplanted (HTX) patients during exercise. We performed comprehensive echocardiographic graft function assessment during invasive hemodynamic semi‐supine exercise test in 57 HTX patients. According to hemodynamics findings, patients were divided into Group A: normal left ventricular (LV) filling pressure (FP): pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) <15 mmHg at rest and <25 mmHg at peak exercise, and Group B: elevated LV‐FP: PCWP ≥15 mmHg at rest or ≥25 mmHg at peak exercise. Thirty‐one patients (54%) had normal LV‐FP and 26 patients (46%) had elevated LV‐FP. The latter had higher cumulative rejection burden (P < 0.01) and were more symptomatic (NYHA class >1) (P < 0.05), and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) was more prevalent (P < 0.05). With exercise, the changes in both left‐ and right‐sided filling pressures were significantly increased, whereas LV longitudinal myocardial deformation was lower (P < 0.05) in patients with elevated LV‐FP than in patients with normal LV‐FP. No between‐group difference was observed for cardiac index or LV ejection fraction (LVEF) during exercise. In conclusion, elevated LV‐FP can be demonstrated in approximately 50% of HTX patients. Patients with elevated LV‐FP have impaired myocardial deformation capacity, higher prevalence of CAV, and higher rejection burden, and were more symptomatic. Exercise test with the assessment of longitudinal myocardial deformation should be considered in routine surveillance of HTX patients as a marker of restrictive filling (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02077764).
Inferring links in cascade through hawkes process based diffusion model

Data of information cascade in social network is always incomplete with missing information of the links between nodes. This paper proposes a generative probabilistic model to infer links using the observation data. Comparing to existing methods, we take consideration of differences of links. And we are also in view of recurrent events and influence from outside of the cascade. Our hawkes process based diffusion model (HPBDM) is testified to precede the prior models in the aspect of inferring links on synthetic data and real data. We also modify the HPBDM by adding time threshold and build up modified hawkes process based diffusion model (MHPBDM). Conducting experiment on real data with MHPBDM, we discover that it is more suitable for some kinds of information whose time interval for information cascade is long.
Introduction of a distance cut-off into structural alignment by the double dynamic programming algorithm

Two approximations were introduced into the double dynamic programming algorithm, in order to reduce the computational time for structural alignment. One of them was the so-called distance cut-off, which approximately describes the structural environment of each residue by its local environment. In the approximation, a sphere with a given radius is placed at the center of the side chain of each residue. The local environment of a residue is constituted only by the residues with side chain centers that are present within the sphere, which is expressed by a set of center-to-center distances from the side chain of the residue to those of all the other constituent residues. The residues outside the sphere are neglected from the local environment. Another approximation is associated with the distance cut-off, which is referred to here as the delta N cut-off. If two local environments are similar to each other, the numbers of residues constituting the environments are expected to be similar. The delta N cut-off was introduced based on the idea. If the difference between the numbers of the constituent residues of two local environments is greater than a given threshold value, delta N, the evaluation of the similarity between the local environments is skipped. The introduction of the two approximations dramatically reduced the computational time for structural alignment by the double dynamic programming algorithm. However, the approximations also decreased the accuracy of the alignment. To improve the accuracy with the approximations, a program with a two-step alignment algorithm was constructed. At first, an alignment was roughly constructed with the approximations. Then, the epsilon-suboptimal region for the alignment was determined. Finally, the double dynamic programming algorithm with full structural environments was applied to the residue pairs within the epsilon-suboptimal region to produce an improved alignment.
Molecular simulation of water along the liquid–vapor coexistence curve from 25 °C to the critical point

Previous work has shown that the simple point‐charge (SPC) model can represent the experimental dielectric constant of water. In this work, we present results of Monte Carlo simulations of SPC water in the isothermal–isobaric (NPT) ensemble and in the Gibbs ensemble. Long‐range intermolecular interactions are included in these simulations by use of the Ewald summation method. When Ewald sums are used, simulated, uniphase liquid potential energies are slightly lower (in absolute value) than those obtained for a simple spherical cutoff of the intermolecular potential. The coexistence curve of SPC water is obtained from 25 to 300°C. The critical constants of SPC water are estimated by adjusting the coefficients of a Wegner expansion to fit the difference between simulated liquid and vapor orthobaric densities; the estimated critical temperature is 314 °C and the estimated critical density is 0.27 g/cm3.
Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology

The Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology, (DEAP) is a comprehensive, individually administered, norm-referenced battery designed to provide differential diagnoses of speech disorders in children ages 3.0-8.11 years. Five tests (two screens and three assessments) comprise the DEAP assessment process. Although you are not required to administer all test components, each screen can be administered in 5 minutes and each assessment in 15 minutes. From the Diagnostic Screen results, you can determine if additional testing is needed and, if so, the appropriate DEAP test to administer. The Articulation, Phonology, and Word Inconsistency Assessments then help clinicians differentiate between disorders of articulation; delayed phonological development and consistent phonological disorders; and inconsistent phonological disorders, respectively. If there are concerns about a possible oral motor disorder, the Oral Motor Screen may be administered to determine if an in-depth assessment of oral motor skills is warranted.
Genetic Interaction between Tau and the Apolipoprotein E Receptor LRP1 Increases Alzheimer’s Disease Risk

Abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation is one of the central events in the development of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and phosphorylation of tau is accelerated by the increase in the level of neuronal cholesterol. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) promotes the neuronal uptake of cholesterol via APOE receptors such as the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), and the APOE ε4 allele is associated with an increase in NFT burden in AD brain. In a case-control study in 246 AD patients and 237 healthy controls, we examined whether the combined gene effects between tau (intron 9, rs2471738) polymorphism and LRP1 (exon 3, rs1799986) polymorphism might be responsible for susceptibility to AD, independently or in concert with the APOE ε4 allele. Subjects carrying both the tau (intron 9, rs2471738) T allele (CT and TT genotypes) and the LRP1 (exon 3, rs1799986) T allele (CT and TT genotypes) had a 6 times higher risk of developing AD than subjects without these risk genotypes (odds ration = 6.20, 95% confidence interval = 1.74–22.05, p = 0.005), and this genetic interaction was observed in either the presence or the absence of the APOE ε4 allele. These data suggest that the synergistic effects (epistasis) between tau and LRP1 might modify the risk of AD in an APOE ε4 allele-independent fashion.
Properties and Construction of Plasmid pFW213, a Shuttle Vector with the Oral Streptococcus Origin of Replication

ABSTRACT Streptococcus parasanguinis is among the most successful colonizers of the human body. Strain FW213 harbors a 7.0-kb cryptic plasmid, pFW213, with a copy number at 5 to 10 per chromosome. Sequence and functional analyses of pFW213 revealed that the open reading frame (ORF) encoding the replication protein (Rep) is essential for the replication of pFW213, and the putative plasmid addiction system (RelB and RelE) and an ORF (ORF6) with no known function are required for its stability. The minimal replicon of pFW213 contains the rep gene and its 5′-flanking 390-bp region. Within the minimal replicon, an A/T-rich region followed by 5 contiguous 22-bp repeats was located 5′ of the ATG of rep. No single-stranded replication intermediates were detected in the derivatives of pFW213, suggesting that pFW213 replicates via the theta replication mechanism. The minimal replicon was unstable in streptococcal hosts without selection, but the stability was greatly enhanced in derivatives containing the intact relBE genes. A Streptococcus-Escherichia coli shuttle vector, pCG1, was constructed with the pFW213 replicon. Plasmid pCG1 features a multiple cloning region and a spectinomycin resistance determinant that is expressed in both Streptococcus spp. and E. coli. Various streptococcal DNA fragments were cloned in pCG1, and the recombinant constructs were stably maintained in the streptococcal hosts. Since pCG1 is compatible with the most widely used streptococcal replicon, pVA380-1, pCG1 will provide a much needed tool allowing the cloning of two genes that work in concert in the same host.
Prognostic value of quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in lymph node-negative esophageal cancer patients.

PURPOSE In esophageal cancer, lymph node metastases are the strongest predictor of recurrence and poor outcome. However, many node-negative patients still recur despite a potentially curative resection. This is probably the result of microscopically occult metastases missed by histological examination. In this study, we used both standard, gel-based reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and Taqman quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA to detect occult micrometastases in 387 lymph nodes from 30 histologically node-negative esophageal cancer patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CEA expression was compared with clinical outcomes to determine correlation with disease recurrence. For quantitative data, an optimum CEA expression level cutoff value was defined as the value that most accurately classified patients on the basis of disease recurrence. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated, and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of QRT-PCR. RESULTS CEA expression levels were above the optimum cutoff level in 12 tissue blocks, resulting in the identification of 11 CEA-positive patients. Of these patients, 9 suffered disease recurrence and 2 remain disease free. Of the 19 CEA-negative patients, there was 1 disease recurrence. The sensitivity and specificity for predicting disease recurrence were 90 and 90%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that CEA positivity resulted in significantly lower disease-free and overall survival (P <0.0001 and 0.0006 respectively). In multivariate analyses, CEA positivity measured by QRT-PCR was the strongest independent predictor of disease recurrence among other clinical and pathological factors examined. CONCLUSIONS QRT-PCR offers significant benefits over standard RT-PCR and identifies node-negative patients at high risk for recurrence.
An Efficient Pairwise Key Establishment Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are composed large number of low power sensor nodes. Security in WSNs is critical when there are potential adversaries. Establishment of pairwise keys is a fundamental security service, which form the basis of other security services such as authentication and encryptions. However, due to the resource constraints, establishing pairwise keys in WSNs is not a trivial task. Several exiting key management schemes have been proposed in literature to establish pairwise keys between sensor nodes, but they either can not offer strong resilience against node capture attacks or have overly large memory requirement to achieve high degree of connectivity. In this paper, we prose an efficient pairwise key management scheme, in which there are two key pools in the proposed scheme and the keys in one key pool are the hash value of keys in another key pool. The analysis indicates that compared with existing approaches, this proposed scheme offers a stronger resilience against node capture attack.
Characterization and Evolution of microRNA Genes Derived from Repetitive Elements and Duplication Events in Plants

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a major class of small non-coding RNAs that act as negative regulators at the post-transcriptional level in animals and plants. In this study, all known miRNAs in four plant species (Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa, Oryza sativa and Sorghum bicolor) have been analyzed, using a combination of computational and comparative genomic approaches, to systematically identify and characterize the miRNAs that were derived from repetitive elements and duplication events. The study provides a complete mapping, at the genome scale, of all the miRNAs found on repetitive elements in the four test plant species. Significant differences between repetitive element-related miRNAs and non-repeat-derived miRNAs were observed for many characteristics, including their location in protein-coding and intergenic regions in genomes, their conservation in plant species, sequence length of their hairpin precursors, base composition of their hairpin precursors and the minimum free energy of their hairpin structures. Further analysis showed that a considerable number of miRNA families in the four test plant species arose from either tandem duplication events, segmental duplication events or a combination of the two. However, comparative analysis suggested that the contribution made by these two duplication events differed greatly between the perennial tree species tested and the other three annual species. The expansion of miRNA families in A. thaliana, O. sativa and S. bicolor are more likely to occur as a result of tandem duplication events than from segmental duplications. In contrast, genomic segmental duplications contributed significantly more to the expansion of miRNA families in P. trichocarpa than did tandem duplication events. Taken together, this study has successfully characterized miRNAs derived from repetitive elements and duplication events at the genome scale and provides comprehensive knowledge and deeper insight into the origins and evolution of miRNAs in plants.
Real-Time Realistic Illumination and Rendering of Cumulus Clouds

Realistic simulation of natural phenomena such as clouds is one of the most challenging problems facing computer graphics. The complexity of cloud formation, dynamics and light interaction makes real time cloud rendering a difficult task. In addition, traditional computer graphics methods involve high amounts of memory and computing resources, which currently limits their realism and speed. We propose an efficient and computationally inexpensive phenomenological approach for modelling and rendering cumulus clouds, by drawing on several approaches that we combine and extend. This paper focuses on the modelling of the cloud’s shape, rendering and sky model but is does not deal with the animation of the cloud.
Treating depression in children and adolescents

No wonder you activities are, reading will be always needed. It is not only to fulfil the duties that you need to finish in deadline time. Reading will encourage your mind and thoughts. Of course, reading will greatly develop your experiences about everything. Reading treating depression in children and adolescents is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages. The advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.