Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A compact and dual-band microstrip MIMO antenna for LTE mobile terminals

In this paper, a compact and dual-band microstrip multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for long term evolution (LTE) mobile terminals is proposed. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of two identical rectangular microstrip patch elements with coaxial feed and has a compact size of 50 mm × 65 mm × 1.6 mm. It covers the LTE bands 2570-2620 MHz and 3600-3800 MHz, with isolation of more than 20 dB and 16 dB, respectively. The rectangular slits are designed and etched into the edge of the microstrip patch in order to reduce the size. The microstrip patch has a small size of 16.7 mm × 24.8 mm, and a size reduction of almost 22% is achieved. The system capacity with the proposed MIMO antenna is verified through a link-level simulation and the diversity performance evaluated by envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), mean effective gain (MEG) is investigated as well. The proposed microstrip MIMO antenna is fabricated, and the simulated and measured results show a good agreement.
The Cardiac Effects of Intracoronary Angiotensin II Infusion

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a potent vasoconstrictor, which recently has been shown to also have significant inotropic effects. Previous results regarding the mechanisms of the acute inotropic effects of Ang II are not conclusive. We designed this study to investigate the local cardiac effects of intracoronary Ang II infusion in doses not affecting systemic circulation. Ang II (2.5–40 &mgr;g/h) was infused in the left coronary artery of Yorkshire pigs (n = 9) reaching calculated intracoronary Ang II concentrations of 842 ± 310, 3342 ± 1238, and 12448 ± 4393 pg/mL, respectively. Cardiac systolic and diastolic function was evaluated by analysis of the left ventricular pressure-volume relationship. Coronary flow was measured by using a coronary sinus catheter and the retrograde thermodilution technique. No significant changes were seen in the systolic and diastolic function variables of heart rate, end-systolic elastance, preload recruitable stroke work, the time constant for isovolumetric relaxation, or in coronary vascular resistance and flow. The positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of Ang II seen in previous studies seem thus to be mediated via extracardiac actions of Ang II. Coronary vascular tone is not affected by local Ang II infusion in anesthetized pigs.
Timing the doxycycline yields different patterns of genomic recombination in brain neurons with a new inducible Cre transgene

We have developed a transgenic mouse expressing the Cre recombinase under control of a tetracycline‐responsive promoter. Using a CamKIIα‐driven tTA transgenic strain and a lacZ reporter mouse, we obtained the expected neuronal pattern of recombination in the olfactory lobe, cortex, striatum, hippocampus and Purkinje cells. Moreover, recombination can be completely abolished by feeding the mice doxycycline in their drinking water. We also show that it is possible to get a different pattern of recombination by changing the timing of the doxycycline‐mediated shutdown of Cre expression. By starting the doxycycline treatment at birth, we restrict recombination to striatum only. This approach should be applicable to other inducible transgenic strains, thus increasing the number of available tissue‐specific patterns for conditional knockouts. Also, our tetO‐Cre transgene can be combined with any of the increasing number of tetracycline transactivator transgenic strains to direct specifically inducible genomic recombination to several areas of the brain. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A CCHC metal‐binding domain in Nanos is essential for translational regulation

The Drosophila Nanos protein is a localized repressor of hunchback mRNA translation in the early embryo, and is required for the establishment of the anterior–posterior body axis. Analysis of nanos mutants reveals that a small, evolutionarily conserved, C‐terminal region is essential for Nanos function in vivo, while no other single portion of the Nanos protein is absolutely required. Within the C‐terminal region are two unusual Cys‐Cys‐His‐Cys (CCHC) motifs that are potential zinc‐binding sites. Using absorption spectroscopy and NMR we demonstrate that the CCHC motifs each bind one equivalent of zinc with high affinity. nanos mutations disrupting metal binding at either of these two sites in vitro abolish Nanos translational repression activity in vivo. We show that full‐length and C‐terminal Nanos proteins bind to RNA in vitro with high affinity, but with little sequence specificity. Mutations affecting the hunchback mRNA target sites for Nanos‐dependent translational repression were found to disrupt translational repression in vivo, but had little effect on Nanos RNA binding in vitro. Thus, the Nanos zinc domain does not specifically recognize target hunchback RNA sequences, but might interact with RNA in the context of a larger ribonucleoprotein complex.
Altering lipase activity and enantioselectivity in organic media using organo‐soluble bases: Implication for rate‐limiting proton transfer in acylation step

With the hydrolytic resolution of (R,S)‐naproxen 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl esters via a partially purified papaya lipase (PCPL) in water‐saturated isooctane as the model system, the enzyme activity, and enantioselectivty is altered by adding a variety of organo‐soluble bases that act as either enzyme activators (i.e., TEA, MP, TOA, DPA, PY, and DMA) or enzyme inhibitors (i.e., PDP, DMAP, and PP). Triethylamine (TEA) is selected as the best enzyme activator as 2.24‐fold increase of the initial rate for the (S)‐ester is obtained when adding 120 mM of the base. By using an expanded Michaelis–Menten mechanism for the acylation step, the kinetic analysis indicates that the proton transfer for the breakdown of tetrahedral intermediates to acyl‐enzyme intermediates is the rate‐limiting step, or more sensitive than that for the formation of tetrahedral intermediates when the enzyme activators of different pKa are added. However, no correlation for the proton transfers in the acylation step is found when adding the bases acting as enzyme deactivators. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Location-Based TDMA MAC for Reliable Aeronautical Communications

The growth of data traffic as air traffic increases is leading to bottlenecks. We propose a new time division multiple access (TDMA) protocol termed location-based TDMA (LBTM) to accommodate increasing data traffic and air-to-air communications. LBTM provides all three modes of communication: unicast, multicast, and broadcast. ACK needs a long guard time for reliable multicast in the aeronautical environment, because it is a long distance communication system. LBTM uses location information to overcome this problem. We can reduce the guard time of ACK and prevent collisions. In our scheme, multicast aircraft calculate ACK arrival time to ensure that ACKs arrive at the sender at different times. Therefore, LBTM reduces the amount of guard time of ACK and the total average time to complete a reliable multicast MAC request. This results in a significant increase in network utilization and throughput.
Network-based distributed planning using coevolutionary agents: architecture and evaluation

A novel evolutionary planning framework (coevolutionary virtual design environment) particularly suited to distributed network-enabled design and manufacturing organizations is presented. The approach utilizes distributed evolutionary agents and mobile agents as principal object-oriented software entities that support a network-efficient evolutionary exploration of planning alternatives in which successive populations systematically select planning alternatives that reduce cost and increase throughput. This paper presents the architecture of the coevolutionary virtual design environment, and examines the network-based performance of the coevolutionary algorithms that execute in this environment. Simulation analysis examines the percentage convergence error and percentage computational advantage comparing the distributed network-based implementation to a centralized network-based implementation. The algorithms and architectures are evaluated in a realistic network setting and analyzed using models of network delays and processing times.
Paucity of Genes on the Drosophila X Chromosome Showing Male-Biased Expression

Sex chromosomes are primary determinants of sexual dimorphism in many organisms. These chromosomes are thought to arise via the divergence of an ancestral autosome pair and are almost certainly influenced by differing selection in males and females. Exploring how sex chromosomes differ from autosomes is highly amenable to genomic analysis. We examined global gene expression inDrosophila melanogaster and report a dramatic underrepresentation of X-chromosome genes showing high relative expression in males. Using comparative genomics, we find that these same X-chromosome genes are exceptionally poorly conserved in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. These data indicate that the X chromosome is a disfavored location for genes selectively expressed in males.
All-at-Once Solution if Time-Dependent PDE-Constrained Optimisation Problems

Time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) play an important role in applied mathematics and many other areas of science. One-shot methods try to compute the solution to these problems in a single iteration that solves for all time-steps at the same time. In this paper, we look at one-shot approaches for the optimal control of time-dependent PDEs and focus on the fast solution of these problems. The use of Krylov subspace solvers together with an efficient preconditioner allows for minimal storage requirements. We solve only approximate time-evolutions for both forward and adjoint problem and compute accurate solutions of a given control problem only at convergence of the overall Krylov subspace iteration. We show that our approach can give competitive results for a variety of problem formulations.
Determination of Copper and Zinc Pollutants in Ludwigia prostrata Roxb Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS)

The feasibility of using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine the concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in Ludwigia prostrata Roxb plants was investigated. Ludwigia prostrata Roxb plants were grown over a full growth cycle under controlled laboratory conditions in soils contaminated with heavy metals. The Cu and Zn concentrations in 72 L. prostrata Roxb samples were analyzed using fame atomic absorption spectrometry, and NIRS spectra were collected in the 1099–2500 nm range. Five mathematical treatments of the spectral data were compared prior to developing the calibration models (n = 48) using partial least squares regression methods. The two calibration models for Cu and Zn concentrations were evaluated according to the correlation coefficient of cross-validation (Rcv) and root mean squares error of cross-validation. The highest Rcv and the lowest RMSECV were obtained for Cu (0.9 and 7.24 mg kg−1) and Zn (0.94 and 19.17 mg kg−1), respectively. The results showed that near-infrared diffuse refectance spectroscopy can be used for the rapid determination of Cu and Zn in leaves of L. prostrata Roxb plants.
A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of cognitive behavior therapy for post‐traumatic stress disorder in terrorist‐affected people in Thailand

Although cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there is no evidence of its success with PTSD patients still under direct threat of terrorist attacks. This study reports the first randomized controlled trial of CBT for PTSD terrorist-affected people. Twenty-eight survivors of terrorist attacks in southern Thailand were randomized to 8 sessions of either CBT or treatment as usual (TAU). CBT was modified to accommodate the realistic threats facing patients. There were independent assessments conducted before, immediately after, and 3 months following treatment. Main outcome measures included symptoms of PTSD (PTSD Symptom Scale Interview), depression (Beck Depression Inventory) and complicated grief (Inventory of Complicated Grief). CBT resulted in significantly greater reduction in symptoms, including PTSD, depression, and complicated grief, at follow-up than TAU. Relative to TAU, CBT had stronger effect sizes at follow-up for PTSD, depression, and complicated grief. More patients in the CBT condition (75%) achieved high end-state functioning than participants in the TAU (33%). This preliminary evidence suggests that PTSD, depression, and complicated grief can be effectively treated despite ongoing threats of terrorism. Further, it demonstrates that non-specialist mental health workers in a non-western setting can be efficiently trained in using CBT, and this training can translate into successful treatment gains in trauma-affected individuals.
K+ balance of the quadriceps muscle during dynamic exercise with and without beta-adrenoceptor blockade.

The effect of propranolol (0.15 mg/kg body wt) on K+ fluxes was investigated in seven healthy males performing 8-min two-legged knee-extension exercise at two different powers. K+ concentration was measured in the femoral vein by a K(+)-selective electrode, and leg blood flow was measured by the dye-dilution technique. During control bouts, rates of change in femoral venous K+ concentration were 38 +/- 10 and 53 +/- 8 mumol.l-1.s-1 at onset of exercise (K+ efflux) and -14 +/- 3 and -34 +/- 3 mumol.l-1.s-1 at cessation of exercise (K+ reuptake) at low and high powers, respectively. This mismatch between K+ efflux and reuptake rates fits with the steady-state K+ loss rate of 0.14 +/- 0.04 and 0.32 +/- 0.09 mmol/min. Propranolol raised K+ efflux rate, did not modify K+ reuptake rate or steady-state K+ loss, but caused transiently increased K+ loss rate at the onset of exercise, thus accentuating the rise of arterial K+ concentration. In conclusion, the continuous muscle K+ loss during steady-state exercise with a small muscle mass is not due to lack of catecholamine stimulation, but beta-adrenoceptor blockade increased the Na(+)-K+ pump lag so that the initial K+ loss at onset of exercise was increased.
IFN-γ-dependent transcription of MHC class II IA is impaired in macrophages from aged mice

To determine the effect of aging on IFN-γ‐induced MHC class II antigen expression, we produced bone marrow‐derived macrophages in vitro. In these conditions, we analyzed the effect of aging on the genomic expression of macrophages without the influence of other cell types that may be affected by aging. Although macrophages from young and aged mice showed an identical degree of differentiation, after incubation with IFN-γ, the expression at the cell surface of the IA complex and the levels of IAβ protein and mRNA were lower in aged macrophages. Moreover, the transcription of the IAβ gene was impaired in aged macrophages. The amount of transcription factors that bound to the W and X, but not to the Y, boxes of the IAβ promoter gene was lower in aged macrophages. Similar levels of CIITA mRNA were found after IFN-γ treatment of both young and aged macrophages. This shows that neither the initial cascade that starts after the interaction of IFN-γ with the receptor nor the second signals involved in the expression of CIITA are impaired in aged macrophages. These data indicate that aging is associated with low levels of MHC class II gene induction by IFN-γ because of impaired transcription. J. Clin. Invest. 107:485‐493 (2001).
Yamadazyma insecticola f.a., sp. nov. and Yamadazyma epiphylla f.a., sp. nov., two novel yeast species.

Two yeast strains representing two novel yeast species were isolated from frass of an unidentified insect (ST-78(T)) and the external surfaces of rice leaves (YE170(T)) collected in Thailand. The two strains were genetically, morphologically and phenotypically distinct from recognized species and were found to represent two novel species of the genus Yamadazyma although formation of ascospores was not observed. In terms of pairwise sequence similarity of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit rRNA gene, the closest relative of strain ST-78(T) was Candida lessepsii CBS 9941(T) but with 3.8% nucleotide substitutions, while the closest relative of strain YE170(T) was strain ST-78(T) but with 4.3% nucleotide substitutions. Analysis of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS1-2) regions revealed that strain ST-78 differed from C. lessepsii CBS 9941(T) by 8.8% nucleotide substitutions and from strain YE170(T) by 9.4% nucleotide substitutions. The result of pairwise sequence similarity of the D1/D2 and ITS1-2 regions together with phylogenetic analysis indicated that strains ST-78(T) and YE170(T) represented two novel species within the Yamadazyma clade. The names Yamadazyma insecticola f.a. , sp. nov. (type strain ST-78(T) = BCC 8314(T) = NBRC 110421(T) = CBS 13382(T); MycoBank no. MB810546) and Yamadazyma epiphylla f.a. , sp. nov. (type strain YE170(T) = BCC 63466(T) = NBRC 110423(T) = CBS 13384(T); MycoBank no. MB810547) are proposed for the two novel yeast species.
Three great challenges for half-century-old computer science

and the associated concept of noise, have proved rich sources of further theory and of applications galore. We have no theory, however, that gives us a metric for the information embodied in structure, especially physical structure. We know that an automobile is a more complex structure than a rowboat. We cannot yet say it is x imes more complex, wherex is some number. Yet we know that the complexity is related to the Shannon information that would be required to specify the structures of the car and the boat. I consider this missing metric to be the most fundamental gap in the theoretical underpinnings of information science and of computer science. Recent developments, however, make it timely to address it. The fundamental biological structures are rich enough to repay study and yet simple enough that there is hope of making real progress on an information theory of structure. (Rowboats and automobiles are much too hard.) The coding of genetic information by DNA is apparently simple enough that it can be handled with existing communication theory. The folded structure of proteins is not. Entropic and energetic considerations are necessary, but not yet sufficient, for explaining and predicting that structure, even after the amino acid sequence is known. Yet proteins are relatively simple structures. A young information theory scholar willing to spend years on a deeply fundamental problem need look no further.
Sea clutter simulation for skywave radar considering ionospheric diffuse scattering

Ionospheric diffuse scattering is an important factor which leads to spread-Doppler clutter (SDC) in skywave radar. However, it is often ignored in a sea clutter model. In this paper, a sea clutter model for skywave radar considering ionospheric diffuse scattering was established. A general assumption about the independence of ionospheric time modulation functions in different spatial positions of the ionosphere is presented. Simulation results show the independence of time functions increases as the distance of their positions increases. It is verified by real data.
Contributions of the Mitogen-activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Backbone and Phosphorylation Loop to MEK Specificity*

To examine the specificity of MEKs for MAP kinase family members, we determined the abilities of several MEK isoforms to phosphorylate mutants of the MAP kinase ERK2 and the related kinase ERK3 which are modified in the phosphorylation loop. The ERK2 mutants included mutations of the two phosphorylation sites, mutations of the acidic residue between these two sites, and mutations that shorten the length of this loop. All mutants were tested for phosphorylation by six mammalian MEKs and compared with several wild type MAP kinases. MEK1 and MEK2 phosphorylate a majority of the ERK2 mutants. MEK2 but not MEK1 will phosphorylate ERK3. Alteration of the residue between the two phosphorylation sites neither dramatically affected the activity of MEK1 and MEK2 toward ERK2 nor conferred recognition by other MEKs. Likewise, reduction of the length of the phosphorylation loop only partially reduces recognition by MEK1 and MEK2 but does not promote recognition by other MEKs. Thus other yet to be identified factors must contribute to the specificity of MEK recognition of MAP kinases.
The classic fairy tales

This volume contains twenty-four of the best known fairy tales in the English language, presented here in the exact words of their first English publication or of the earliest surviving text. Including "Sleeping Beauty," "Bluebeard," "Cinderella," "Thumbelina," and "Hansel and Gretel," as well as many others, this collection provides a historical introduction for each tale and a general Introduction which traces the history of fairy tales collected in Asia and Europe long before they appeared in English.
Sparse representation with dense matching for face recognition from single sample per person

Many face recognition tasks encounter the problem of having only one sample for each subject, which is known as the single sample per person (SSPP) problem. To tackle the problem, we propose a strategy of sparse representation with dense matching method. First, an external training set is used to form an intra-class variation dictionary. Then, noting that captured facial features will vary with facial expression and pose, dense matching is applied to preprocess facial patches. This offers a courtesy way to overcome this obstacle and improves coherence of facial features. Finally, we make decision by extended sparse representation based classification (ESRC) based on the learned dictionary. Experiments on AR, Extended Y ale B, CMU PIE and FERET datasets demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms many state-of-the-art methods on face recognition with SSPP.
Limiting the Spread of Epidemics within Time Constraint on Online Social Networks

In this paper, we investigate the problem of limiting the spread of epidemics on online social networks (OSNs) with the aim to seek a set nodes of size at most k to remove from the networks such that the number of saved nodes is maximal for cases where we already know the set of infected nodes on the networks. The problem is proved to be NP-hard and it is NP-hard to approximate the problem with ratio n1-ϵ, for 0 < ϵ < 1. Besides, we also suggest two algorithms to solve the problem. Experimental results show that our propsed outperform baseline algorithms.
Dependency-Sensitive Typological Distance

Increasing amounts of data in machine readable form are becoming available for the study of linguistic typology, especially with the appearance of WALS.1 Most such databases come in the form of a matrix of languages and features, where each language, for each feature, is given a value from a discrete set of possible values. If we fix a particular ordering of the list of features, we may denote a language X with its feature vector LX = [v1, . , vn], meaning that it has value vi for feature Fi. Similarly, we may use LX[i] to denote the feature value vi of feature Fi in language X. For a variety of purposes, researchers make use of a distance measure between two languages (cf. Chiswick and Miller 2004; Cysouw 2007; Holman et al. 2007; Dahl 2008; Polyakov et al. 2009; Wichmann and Holman 2010) that says how similar two languages are from 0.0 (identical) to 1.0 (totally different). Traditionally, such a distance measure has taken the form of the Gower coefficient (also known as relative Hamming distance):