Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using PROC FACTOR for Variable Inclusion in PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC: A Case Study

The current study looks at an alternative route to explore recent health trends and beh avior analyses of youth in America. Data used in this analysis w as provided by the Center for Disease Control and Pr evention and gathered using the Youth Ris k Behav ior Surveillance System (YRBSS). A factor analysis w as performed to identify and define latent mental health and r isk behavior variables. A series of logistic regression analyses w ere then performed using the risk behavior and demographic variables as potential contributing factors to each of the mental health variables. Mental health variables included disordered eating and depression/suicidal ideation data w hile the risk behavior variables included s moking, consumption of alcohol and drugs, violence, vehicle safety, and sexual behav ior data. Risks and benefits of using a factor analysis w ith log istic regression in social science research w ill be discussed in depth. Results inc luded reporting differences betw een the years of 1991 and 2013. All results are discussed in relation to current youth health trend issues and use of surveys in behavioral s cience. Data w as analyzed using SAS® 9.3.
Ab initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Reactions at Surfaces

number of trajectories in order to determine reaction rates. We show that even in massively parallel schemes a sufficient number of trajectories determined from first principles can only be obtained in a approach in which first the potential energy surface (PES) on which the nuclei move is determined and then the dynamical calculations on an appropriate representation of the PES are performed. The PES can nowadays be evaluated in great detail by first-principles methods based on density-functional theory. These electronic structure calculations also allow the investigation of the factors that determine the reactivity of a particular system. We discuss different methods to represent an ab initio PES and present a massively parallel ab initio quantum dynamics approach for the dissociation of hydrogen on metal surfaces.
Family Values as Practiced by Feminist Parents

The shift from second-wave feminism, with its emphasis on gender equality, to third-wave feminism, whose concern is with oppression more generally, poses intriguing questions about theoretical and social change. We have chosen to explore these issues through the insight and perspectives of families who parent from feminist perspectives. To gain information regarding the dynamics of feminist families we conducted in-depth interviews with all members of 20 self-identified feminist families, including two-parent families, single-parent families, gay and lesbian families, and so on. The families were selected because the parents identify with feminist principles broadly defined, that is, they are raising their children with a sense of equality for women. In exploring common themes, we find these feminist families go beyond nonsexist parenting to parenting that seems to enable their children to become conscious of and to challenge hierarchy and oppression generally. We suggest these parenting practices coincide with third-wave feminism.
Investigating Australian education students’ views about spiritual well‐being, as compared with teachers in schools

Education students in Australian state and Christian universities expressed their views on ideals, lived experience, and help expected from schools in four domains of spiritual well‐being (personal, communal, environmental, and transcendental) (SWB), using the Spiritual Health and Life‐Orientation Measure (SHALOM). Students’ lived experiences greatly affected their views on help provided by schools to nurture students’ SWB. Currently, the more religious students in Christian universities reported support for their SWB from religious activities, whereas students in the state university gained support from more humanistic sources. But is this sufficient? Education students in state universities are likely to maintain the status quo regarding SWB in state schools. They report levels of help for students in line with current teachers’ views. Christian university education students have lower expectations of schools than current teachers in Christian schools. However, some positive action is being taken in Christian universities to address the spiritual formation of their students. Further opportunities are needed within teacher education and schools in Australia for staff to address this area of vital concern for their own and students’ SWB.
Followers of the Dao of the Bible

Studies of pre-1950s Chinese Canadian Christianity have tended to occlude Chinese perspectives and experiences for a number of reasons, including a lack of sources. Drawing on largely unpublished Chinese and English source materials including scrapbooks, correspondence, reports, membership rosters, marriage, funeral and clergy records, Chinese nationalist registers, diaries, oral histories, photographs and material culture, this article investigates Chinese experiences of Canadian Presbyterian missionary work in Victoria, Cumberland, Calgary, Winnipeg, Toronto and Montreal between 1896 and 1950. By examining the personal archival materials of Ma Seung, Frank Chan and Ernest Mark, and era-specific Chinese political involvements and fieldwork data, this article challenges previous simplistic understandings of the Chinese missionary experience that were based solely on the perspectives of mainstream Christian institutions and society. This article emphasizes the Chinese context and concepts such as the dao, efficacy (ling), and affect (renqing, or human sentiments) that guided relationships and faith in early Chinese Canada. It aims to provide a more complicated understanding of why Chinese ministers chose to Christianize fellow Chinese, and why before 1950 many Chinese chose to be nominal Christians and only a small number converted.
Black Mexicans, Conjunctural Ethnicity, and Operating Identities

This article draws on more than 15 years of research to analyze “Black Mexicans,” phenotypically “Mexican-looking” youth who identified as Black during adolescence, used this identity to become upwardly mobile, and then abandoned it in early adulthood. Black Mexicans are potentially iconic cases among emerging varieties of U.S. ethnic and racial life, given Mexicans’ status as a key, usually negative, case in assimilation theory. Most such theory posits that assimilation into Black, inner-city culture leads to downward mobility. To explain how and why this did not happen for Black Mexicans, I propose a sensitizing framework using the concepts of conjunctural ethnicity, emphasizing analysis of racial and ethnic identity in local, historical, and life course contexts; and operating identity, which analyzes identities in interactions and can accommodate slippage in informants’ understanding or use of ethnic and racial categories. Some Mexicans used a Black culture of mobility to become upwardly mobile in the late-1990s and early-2000s in New York, adopting a socially advantaged operating identity that helped them in ways they felt Mexicanness could not in that historical conjuncture, especially given intra-ethnic competition between teen migrants and second-generation youth. This article uses case-based ethnographic analysis and net-effects analysis to explain why and how Blackness aided upward mobility among Black and non-Black Mexicans, but was left behind in early adulthood.
Soft linear discriminant analysis (SLDA) for pattern recognition with ambiguous reference labels: Application to social signal processing

While most pattern recognition approaches are designed and trained with clearly defined reference labels, there are a few new applications working with ambiguous ones. Since the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is one of the most utilized methods in pattern recognition to reduce the dimensionality of feature vectors, typically increasing the robustness of the features, we propose in this work a modification of the LDA in order to be able to handle ambiguous reference labels in a soft-decision way. In the field of social signal processing (here: emotion recognition) we demonstrate that using a soft accuracy measure evaluating the classifier's confidence output by means of a soft-labeled emotional speech database really provides a degree of similarity to (naturally ambiguous) human votes. The adaptation of our classifier to such soft accuracy measure takes place by a retraining w.r. t. the human vote distribution. Applying this soft accuracy measure to emotion recognition with ambiguous reference labels both retraining the classifier and using the new soft LDA method leads to around 22% relative increase of accuracy.
ScienceWISE: A Web-based Interactive Semantic Platform for Scientific Collaboration

Organizing scientific knowledge in systematic ways becomes increasingly important. However, the creation of intraand inter-disciplinary knowledge bases is hindered by the heterogeneity and the scale of the information to consider. This calls for scientific community-run systems (replacing classical publishers of encyclopedias) allowing to combine presentation of new results, in-depth discussions, “user-friendly” introductions for young scientists, and meta-data to relate semantically similar concepts or pieces of content. Today, there are no standard tools to insert, store and query such meta-data online, which mostly remains “in the heads of the experts”. The goal of the ScienceWISE (SW) project is to improve this situation. ScienceWISE allows a community of scientists, working in a specific domain, to generate dynamically as part of their daily work an interactive semantic environment, i.e., a field-specific ontology with direct connections to the text of research papers. The SW system includes a number of crucial elements: (a) an expanding collection of field-specific community-ranked encyclopedia articles (mostly about physics at this point of time); (b) an ontological structure (concepts and logical relations between them) encompassing this encyclopedia; (c) established connections from ontology entries to a vast collection of research papers (ArXiv.org); (d) an operational platform, allowing scientists to annotate and conceptually index (bookmark) research papers, link them against the ontology, and validate and dynamically update the ontology through annotations. In this demonstration we present the SW system with a particular focus on its semanticbased expert finding functionality. By leveraging on the SW ontology, the system is able to rank authors of scientific papers by exploiting the concepts contained in their papers as well as the relations among concepts. In the following we briefly describe the SW platform together with its ontology and main functionalities. We then present the expert finding module that ranks authors when answering keyword queries.
Modeling of IL13-induced signaling in two lymphoma entities

Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Molecular Structural Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Computational Modeling in Biology, Institute for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany Physics Institute, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany Institute of Pathology, Ulm University Clinic, Ulm, Germany Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Running title Modeling of IL13-induced signaling in two lymphoma entities
AVC to MPEG-2 Video Transcoding Architecture

Video transcoding is assuming an important role in modern video communication systems in order to allow interoperability between different equipment and standards. So far most effort has been spent in transcoding from older standards to the most recent ones. However, as new standards reach higher levels of compression efficiency, the diversity of bitstream formats also increases. In this paper we propose a new transcoding architecture for H.264/AVC (Advanced Video Coding)to MPEG-2 Video. Since both standards are based on the same coding paradigms, interframe block based motion estimation and intraframe transform coding, the proposed architecture explores their similarities in order to achieve an efficient format conversion. The proposed transcoder significantly reduces the computational complexity of the MPEG-2 Video motion estimation based on the information included in the H.264/AVC bitstream. The presented results from our architecture show a significant computation reduction, as much as 30%, with a small objective quality reduction.
Reasoning under Uncertainty for Shill Detection in Online Auctions Using Dempster-Shafer Theory

This paper describes the design of a decision support system for shill detection in online auctions. To assist decision making, each bidder is associated with a type of certification, namely shill, shill suspect, or trusted bidder, at the end of each auction's bidding cycle. The certification level is determined on the basis of a bidder's bidding behaviors including shilling behaviors and normal bidding behaviors, and thus fraudulent bidders can be identified. In this paper, we focus on representing knowledge about bidders from different aspects in online auctions, and reasoning on bidders' trustworthiness under uncertainties using Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we provide a case study using real auction data from eBay. The analysis results show that our approach can be used to detect shills effectively and efficiently. By applying Dempster–Shafer theory to combine multiple sources of evidence for shill detection, the proposed approach can significantly reduce the number of false positive results in comparison to approaches using a single source of evidence.
Urban landscapes and the cultural politics of territorial control in Anglo‐Norman England

Abstract It is examined how urban landscapes were physically shaped to meet the changing needs and desires of aristocratic elites during the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Using case studies within the context of Anglo‐Norman England, it is argued that newly‐created towns were designed to help aristocratic lords establish and retain their political control along the frontier of the Norman kingdom, and that the forms of these towns embody the cultural processes of this territorial expansion. The first part of the paper places Norman England in the context of an expanding high medieval Europe and considers the idea of an ‘urban renaissance’ as part of this expansion. Following this, some of the problems in representing, or mapping, medieval urban landscapes are discussed. The rest of the paper is devoted to morphological studies of three Norman ‘new towns’, Alnwick, Bridgnorth and Ludlow, in order to show how the production of these urban landscapes was related to wider socio‐political changes effected und.
An empirical model for measurement accuracy of along-track deformation by advanced multiple-aperture SAR interferometry from COSMO-SkyMed dataset

Despite several studies using the multiple-aperture interferometry (MAI) technique, X-band SAR has rarely been applied to MAI-based studies due to their shorter decorrelation timescale. However, the relatively short antenna length and high temporal resolution of the COSMO-SkyMed X-band SAR system provides an opportunity to measure the precise displacement in the along-track direction. In this study, we have assessed the MAI performance in comparison with GPS and established an empirical uncertainty model of MAI measurements with respect to interferometric coherence. It enables us to confirm the difference between theoretical and practical uncertainties of the MAI method. Moreover, this study will be helpful for evaluating the reliability of MAI measurements where GPS data are unavailable.
Loneliness and Its Effects on Students with Diverse Learning and Adjustment Needs

Loneliness and alienation from peers can have devastating consequences for students with a range of diverse learning and adjustment needs if schools fail to act to ensure that these students’ needs for inclusion are addressed. In a study that investigated depressive mood, loneliness and social skills in 310 students with an intellectual disability who attended special schools and self-contained classes in mainstream schools, Heiman (2001) found that students in special schools expressed more intense feelings of depression and loneliness than similar students in self-contained classes in mainstream schools. The author hypothesised that this may have occurred because students in mainstream schools have more opportunities to interact with regular peers both inside their classrooms as well as outside and this may help to buffer the feelings of depression and loneliness expressed by their special school peers. Similar findings were reported by Pavri and Monda-Amaya (2001), who investigated student and teacher perceptions of social support at school for students with learning disabilities in inclusive classrooms. The authors found that while students with learning disabilities felt part of a social network, many reported school-related loneliness—with a significant number indicating that they felt emotionally isolated because they did not have intimate relationships with others within their social networks. In a more recent study, Bossaert, Colpin, Pijl, and Petry (2012) explored the prevalence of loneliness in typically developing students, students with autistic spectrum disorder, and students with motor and/or sensory impairment in mainstream Grade 7 classrooms in Belgium. Again, the results showed that students with autistic spectrum disorder felt lonelier than typically developing students and while the majority of students with autistic spectrum disorder did not feel lonely at school, the proportion that did was nearly twice as large as the proportion of typically developing students who reported feeling lonely. Interestingly, in a study that investigated first-year high school students’ social relationships, Russell, Cutrona, McRae, and Gomez (2012) found that high school students who are lonely did not necessarily report having fewer friends; rather, loneliness appears to be based on students’ perceptions of having fewer close friendships than they would desire. There is no doubt that many students with diverse learning and adjustment needs feel lonely and socially isolated in school, and this is certainly the theme that has emerged in some of the articles published in this issue of the International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, prompting me to review some of the literature
Localization of Mesenchymal Cells in Adult Mouse Thymus: Their Abnormal Distribution in Mice With Disorganization of Thymic Medullary Epithelium

Thymic mesenchymal cells are known to be important for the development of the early fetal thymus into a functionally mature organ supporting T cell differentiation. We examined the expression of mesenchymal markers: pan-mesenchymal marker ER-TR7, desmin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and α- and β-chain of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFRα, PDGFRβ) in thymi of normal adult mice. Desmin and ER-TR7 revealed specific staining in the capsule, septa, and perivascular cells. Most perivascular cells highly expressed PDGFRβ at the same levels as desmin. Low expression of PDGFRα was detected in the capsule, intralobular septa, and some perivascular cells of normal adult thymi. α-SMA, used to identify vascular smooth muscle cells, was detectable on arterioles and some large venules but not on capillaries. Thus, desmin, PDGFRα, and PDGFRβ were localized in the capsule, septa, and perivascular cells in thymus of adult mouse, although there were differences in the expression level among these markers. On the other hand, the expression of mesenchymal markers was detectable in the region of the thymic medullary epithelium of lymphotoxin β receptor–deficient mice and plt/plt mice, indicating that mesenchymal cells were abnormally localized in the region. These results suggest that disorganization of the medullary epithelium may be accompanied by aberrant distribution of mesenchyme in adult mouse thymus.
SYSTEMIC CALICIVIRUS EPIDEMIC IN CAPTIVE EXOTIC FELIDS

Abstract A 5-day-old, mother-raised, Amur tiger cub (Panthera tigris altaica) presented with tongue ulcerations. Identical lesions appeared and progressed to sloughing of the tongue in the three littermates of this cub the following day. The lesions progressed in all cubs to include sloughing of the carpal, tarsal, metacarpal, and metatarsal foot pad epithelium. Oral ulcerations were also noted in adult African lions (Panthera leo) and Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica), but not in two adult snow leopards (Panthera uncia) housed in the same building. All adult cats had been previously vaccinated for common feline diseases including feline calicivirus (FCV). Detection of FCV RNA in oral secretions by a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay (RRT-PCR) confirmed FCV infection in the tiger cubs and one lion. A male lion and a male tiger cub died during the disease outbreak. RRT-PCR confirmed FCV in multiple tissues in both of these animals. A stray cat live-trapped outside the feline building during the epidemic was found to be positive for FCV by virus isolation and was thought to be the source of infection.
The Reproducibility of 31-Phosphorus MRS Measures of Muscle Energetics at 3 Tesla in Trained Men

Objective Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides an exceptional opportunity for the study of in vivo metabolism. MRS is widely used to measure phosphorus metabolites in trained muscle, although there are no published data regarding its reproducibility in this specialized cohort. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of 31P-MRS in trained skeletal muscle. Methods We recruited fifteen trained men (VO2peak = 4.7±0.8 L min−1/58±8 mL kg−1 min−1) and performed duplicate MR experiments during plantar flexion exercise, three weeks apart. Results Measures of resting phosphorus metabolites were reproducible, with 1.7 mM the smallest detectable difference in phosphocreatine (PCr). Measures of metabolites during exercise were less reliable: exercising PCr had a coefficient of variation (CV) of 27% during exercise, compared with 8% at rest. Estimates of mitochondrial function were variable, but experimentally useful. The CV of PCr1/2t was 40%, yet much of this variance was inter-subject such that differences of <20% were detectable with n = 15, given a significance threshold of p<0.05. Conclusions 31-phosphorus MRS provides reproducible and experimentally useful measures of phosphorus metabolites and mitochondrial function in trained human skeletal muscle.