Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transitions between food insecurity and food security predict children's social skill development during elementary school

Recent findings indicate that household food insecurity affects children's social skill development in the early years of elementary school. It is important to assess the persistency of developmental consequences and investigate whether all categories of social skills are equally affected by food insecurity experiences. The present paper estimates population-averaged and subject-specific models for children's social skill scores reported by school teachers using longitudinal data on 2310 boys and 2400 girls in the USA enrolled in the 1st (aged 6–9 years), 3rd (aged 8–11 years) and 5th (aged 10–13 years) grades (1999–2003) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten. The main findings are, first, significantly (P < 0·05) negative, contemporaneous and transitional relationships between food insecurity experiences and children's social skill scores are evident. Estimates based on sex-stratified samples indicate that the contemporaneous association is strongest among girls, while the association of an early transition from food insecurity in the 1st grade to food security in the 3rd grade is strongest among boys. Second, food insecurity experiences predict children's social skill scores emphasising self-control, attentiveness and task persistence, rather than interpersonal relationships or externalising behaviour. Overall, the findings underscore the multifaceted effect that household food insecurity has on children's social skills and provide the strongest empirical evidence to date that the experiences are linked with non-nutritional developmental consequences for children over a time horizon spanning several years.
Effects of salicylic acid-induced wine rich in anthocyanins on metabolic parameters and adipose insulin signaling in high-fructose fed rats

Abstract We evaluated the effects of Syrah red wine treated with salicylic acid (RW SA) and its control red wine (RW) on metabolic parameters, systolic blood pressure and adipose tissue insulin signaling in high-fructose (F) fed rats. Grape treated with SA increased the anthocyanin (ANTs) levels in RW. F induced increased systolic blood pressure, dislipidemia and insulin resistance (HOMA:IR). F rats treated with RW significantly prevented these alterations while RW SA partially attenuated triglycerides levels and HOMA:IR without modifications in HDL cholesterol levels. F impaired the adipose tissue response to insulin. Supplementation with RW and RW SA partially attenuated these alterations. Rats supplemented with RW SA had lesser beneficial effects on metabolic alterations than control RW, while both RW and RW SA attenuated altered adipose response to insulin. More studies are necessary to deeply evaluate the effect on SA-induced RW rich in ANTs levels on metabolic alterations associated to MetS.
Disability Symptoms and the Price of Self-Sufficiency

Objective: Disability symptoms are tiredness, slowness, and pain doing daily tasks made difficult by health. The authors study factors that increase and decrease disability symptoms, especially effects of equipment and personal assistance. Method: In National Health Interview Survey Disability Supplement Phase 2, people with personal care and household management disabilities were asked about fatigue, taking a long time, and pain when doing tasks on their own and with assistance. The authors study persons ages 55 and older. Results: Poor overall health or disability and severe disability in tasks increase disability symptom chances by 11% to 18%. Assistance users are 19% to 20% less likely to have symptoms than nonusers. Personal help, alone, or with equipment, relieves symptoms better than equipment only, by9%to 13%. Discussion: Equipment-only users are self-sufficient, a highly prized situation. Because they actively engage in tasks, symptoms are still likely. This trade-off of psychological gain with comfort loss may be preferable to personal help.
Answer-Aware Attention on Grounded Question Answering in Images

Grounding natural language expressions to visual context in an image is essential to understanding the semantic meaning of an image. Recent attention approaches on the task of grounded question answering in images simply rely on either attention over arbitrary regions in an image or attention over words in a question, which have not exploited the information behind candidate answers when encoding the question. To address this limitation, we propose two Answer-Aware Attention (AAA) models which use attention over candidate answers, i.e., global and local attention over answers, each of which learns an answer-aware summarization vector of a question. Our proposed attention model leverages information from both textual and visual modalities, which boosts the prediction accuracy in the grounded question answering task. Extensive experiments show that our proposed attention model performs comparably to the state-of-the-art models with much fewer learning parameters.
Migration, répartition, reproduction et caractéristiques biologiques des aloses (Alosa sp. ) dans le bassin de la Loire

Les populations d'aloses du bassin de la loire sont analysees de 1984 a 1989. L'analyse du deroulement spatio-temporel de la migration des grandes aloses fait apparaitre: une migration concentree dans le temps; une tendance caracteristique decalee de l'aval vers l'amont; l'occurrence de plusieurs facteurs environnementaux sur leurs mouvements. Des indices relatifs d'abondance annuelle sont definis. L'aire de repartition est decrite en fonction des conditions de franchissement des obstacles. La grande alose est presente sur l'ensemble des grands axes tandis que l'alose feinte est cantonnee aux parties basse et moyenne du bassin. La reproduction des grandes aloses en 1988 est decrite en loire amont. Une methode fiable de determination de l'age des aloses a ete mise au point a partir de: l'analyse des ecailles; la comparaison des ages obtenus par lecture des ecailles, des otolithes et par une methode mathematique. Un age a ainsi ete attribue a 93% des grandes aloses, 88% des hybrides et 97% des aloses feintes. La caracterisation (taille, poids, age. . . ) des populations d'aloses montre: des differences entre males et femelles communes aux trois groupes; une situation intermediaire pour les hybrides; chez la grande alose une forte variabilite, une dominance des classes d'age 4 et 5 ans, une perte de poids au cours de la migration et de la reproduction atteignant plus de 50% du poids initial
Effect of Adaptation to Ethanol on Cytoplasmic and Membrane Protein Profiles of Oenococcus oeni

ABSTRACT The practical application of commercial malolactic starter cultures of Oenococcus oeni surviving direct inoculation in wine requires insight into mechanisms of ethanol toxicity and of acquired ethanol tolerance in this organism. Therefore, the site-specific location of proteins involved in ethanol adaptation, including cytoplasmic, membrane-associated, and integral membrane proteins, was investigated. Ethanol triggers alterations in protein patterns of O. oeni cells stressed with 12% ethanol for 1 h and those of cells grown in the presence of 8% ethanol. Levels of inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, which generate reduced nicotinamide nucleotides, were decreased during growth in the presence of ethanol, while glutathione reductase, which consumes NADPH, was induced, suggesting that maintenance of the redox balance plays an important role in ethanol adaptation. Phosphoenolpyruvate:mannose phosphotransferase system (PTS) components of mannose PTS, including the phosphocarrier protein HPr and EIIMan, were lacking in ethanol-adapted cells, providing strong evidence that mannose PTS is absent in ethanol-adapted cells, and this represents a metabolic advantage to O. oeni cells during malolactic fermentation. In cells grown in the presence of ethanol, a large increase in the number of membrane-associated proteins was observed. Interestingly, two of these proteins, dTDT-glucose-4,6-dehydratase and d-alanine:d-alanine ligase, are known to be involved in cell wall biosynthesis. Using a proteomic approach, we provide evidence for an active ethanol adaptation response of O. oeni at the cytoplasmic and membrane protein levels.
Relationships between sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance, inflammation, and vitamin D status: the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study

It has been suggested that insulin resistance, low‐grade inflammation and vitamin D deficiency are associated with obesity and sarcopenia. However, their relationships with sarcopenic obesity (SO) are unclear. We evaluated the impact of homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels on SO in Korean adults.
The response of the microcirculation to cardiac surgery

Purpose of review Cardiac surgery is associated with a wide range of microvascular derangements and with reduced tissue oxygenation. Although the macrohemodynamical targets during surgery may be achieved, the microcirculation may be damaged and remain dysfunctional. Direct observations of the microcirculation may enable more physiologically based approaches for diagnosis and treatment during cardiac surgery. Recent findings Microcirculation is the final destination of blood flow to the tissues for oxygen transport. Direct visualization of the microcirculation using hand-held microscopy can be considered the gold standard for tissue perfusion since the movement of single red blood cells can be observed and quantified. A new generation microcirculation-monitoring device is called CytoCam-Incident -Dark-Field imaging. This device has a high-resolution imaging sensor and shows approximately 30% more capillaries than the devices of the previous generations. On-pump and off-pump cardiac surgeries have induced different mechanism whose impact can be differentiated by observation of the sublingual microcirculation. Colloids may provide a better volume expansion and microcirculatory improvement than crystalloids although crytaloids may be more affective for hydration, and blood transfusions improves microcirculatory oxygenation by filling previously empty capillaries and reducing diffusion distances between oxygen carrying red blood cell and the parenchymal cells. Summary Direct visualization of the microcirculation using hand-held microscopy may provide the clinician the physiological feedback that is required for the early diagnosis and treatment of microcirculatory alterations during cardiac surgery. The coherence between the hemodynamic response of the macrocirculation and microcirculation during surgery seems to be essential.
Combination therapy with fludarabine and rituximab followed by alemtuzumab in the first‐line treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of fludarabine and rituximab, followed by alemtuzumab, as first‐line treatment for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL).
Embryonic differentiation of serotonin‐containing neurons in the enteric nervous system of the locust (Locusta migratoria)

The enteric nervous system (ENS) of the locust consists of four ganglia (frontal and hypocerebral ganglion, and the paired ingluvial ganglia) located on the foregut, and nerve plexus innervating fore‐ and midgut. One of the major neurotransmitters of the ENS, serotonin, is known to play a vital role in gut motility and feeding. We followed the anatomy of the serotonergic system throughout embryonic development. Serotonergic neurons are generated in the anterior neurogenic zones of the foregut and migrate rostrally along the developing recurrent nerve to contribute to the frontal ganglion. They grow descending neurites, which arborize in all enteric ganglia and both nerve plexus. On the midgut, the neurites closely follow the leading migrating midgut neurons. The onset of serotonin synthesis occurs around halfway through development—the time of the beginning of midgut closure. Cells developing to serotonergic phenotype express the serotonin uptake transporter (SERT) significantly earlier, beginning at 40% of development. The neurons begin SERT expression during migration along the recurrent nerve, indicating that they are committed to a serotonergic phenotype before reaching their final destination. After completion of the layout of the enteric ganglia (at 60%) a maturational phase follows, during which serotonin‐immunoreactive cell bodies increase in size and the fine arborizations in the nerve plexus develop varicosities, putative sites of serotonin release (at 80%). This study provides the initial step for future investigation of potential morphoregulatory functions of serotonin during ENS development. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:38–51, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Person-centred care in nursing documentation.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore nursing documentation in long-term care, to determine whether it reflected a person-centred approach to care and to describe aspects of PCC as they appeared in nursing records. BACKGROUND Documentation is an essential part of nursing. It provides evidence that care has been carried out and contains important information to enhance the quality and continuity of care. Person-centred care (PCC) is an approach to care that is underpinned by mutual respect and the development of a therapeutic relationship between the patient and nurse. It is a core principle in standards for residential care settings for older people and is beneficial for both patients and staff (International Practice Development in Nursing and Healthcare, Chichester, Blackwell, 2008 and The Implementation of a Model of Person-Centred Practice in Older Person Settings, Dublin, Health Service Executive, 2010a). However, the literature suggests a lack of person-centredness within nursing documentation (International Journal of Older People Nursing 2, 2007, 263 and The Implementation of a Model of Person-Centred Practice in Older Person Settings, Dublin, Health Service Executive, 2010a). METHOD A qualitative descriptive study using the PCN framework (Person-centred Nursing; Theory and Practice, Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) as the context through which nursing assessments and care plans were explored. RESULTS Findings indicated that many nursing records were incomplete, and information regarding psychosocial aspects of care was infrequent. There was evidence that nurses engaged with residents and worked with their beliefs and values. However, nursing documentation was not completed in consultation with the patient, and there was little to suggest that patients were involved in decisions relating to their care. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The structure of nursing documentation can be a major obstacle to the recording of PCC and appropriate care planning. Documentation that is focused on the 'person' will contribute to a more meaningful relationship between nurses and residents.
Novel surfactant proteins are involved in the structure and stability of foam nests from the frog Leptodactylus vastus

SUMMARY Many amphibians lay their eggs in foam nests, which allow the eggs to be deposited out of the water. Analysis of some of these foam nests has revealed that they are a rich source of proteins with unusual primary structures and remarkable surfactant activity, named ranaspumins. The aim of this work was to study the foam nests of the frog Leptodactylus vastus in order to obtain information regarding their composition and function and to improve the understanding of ranaspumins, which are probably a novel class of surfactant proteins. Analyses of the foam fluid composition showed proteins and carbohydrates that presumably are responsible for providing nutrients for the developing tadpoles. Investigation of the function of foam fluid in chemical defence revealed no significant biological activity that could be associated with recognized defence compounds. However, foam fluid presented UV absorbance, suggesting a role in protection against sun damage, which is considered to be one of the possible causes of recently reported amphibian population declines. The foam nests do not prevent the colonization of microorganisms, such as the observed bacterial community of predominantly Gram-positive bacilli. L. vastus foam fluid shows a strong surfactant activity that was associated with their proteins and this activity seems to be due mainly to a protein named Lv-ranaspumin. This protein was isolated by ion-exchange chromatography and found to be a 20 kDa monomeric molecule with the following N-terminal sequence: FLEGFLVPKVVPGPTAALLKKALDD. This protein did not show any match to known proteins or structures, which suggests that it belongs to a new class of surfactant protein.
Reduction of Aliasing Effects of RF PWM Modulated Signals by Cross Point Estimation

The trend in transmitter systems is to move the digital domain closer toward the antenna using digital modulators and drivers to reduce circuit complexity and to save power. One promising approach is the use of RF pulse width modulation (RF PWM). Unfortunately purely digital discrete time RF PWM suffers from aliasing problems which limit the achievable resolution. For a 40 MHz bandwidth signal at 2.6 GHz carrier frequency for example the achievable signal quality is limited to ~ 43 dBc. This paper describes the root cause of this effect, an error in the determination of the cross points, due to the sampled nature of the signal and proposes a method to compensate for it. It is shown that by interpolating the signal and estimating the cross points the signal quality can be significantly improved. The interpolation is simplified by interpolating the decomposed outphasing signals instead of the full signal. This has the advantage that a constant instead of a phase modulated reference function can be used. It is shown that by simple cross point estimation the signal quality can already be improved to 65 dBc. When either considering a second modulator or when using a delta sigma like noise shaping architecture the signal quality can be further enhanced to 75 dBc.
Adenylate energy charge in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during starvation

Bakers' yeast cells, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, if grown aerobically on ethanol or if grown aerobically on glucose and allowed to pass into stationary phase, with utilization of accumulated ethanol, maintain a normal value (0.8 to 0.9) of the adenylate energy charge during prolonged starvation. In contrast, cells grown anaerobically on glucose and cells in the early stages of aerobic growth on glucose exhibit a rapid decrease of energy charge if transferred to medium lacking on energy source. These results suggest that functional mitochondria or enzymes of balance of adenine nucleotides during starvation. Yeast cells remain viable at energy charge values below 0.1, in marked contrast to results previously obtained with Escherichia coli. In other respects, the engery charge responses of yeast to starvation and refeeding are generally similar to those previously reported for E. coli.
Behaviour, physiological states and thermal characteristics of aggregating male Hybomitra illota (Diptera: Tabanidae)

Abstract. Male Hybomitra illota (Osten Sacken) were found aggregating in clearings in wooded areas in Rondeau Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. At these sites they perched on a variety of substrates, and made frequent flights in pursuit of insects flying overhead. We know that these pursuit flights were part of the mating behaviour because some pursuits of female H.illota resulted in copulation. We call the aggregation sites ‘mating arenas’ and the behaviour exhibited by males ’perch‐and‐pursuer’. Aggregation occurred only on sunny days, when ambient temperatures exceeded 18oC. Males perched in sunny areas, except during hot afternoons, when some males were found in dappled shade. Some marked males remained at or returned to sites for up to 13 days, but most males did not remain at the same area within a site, even during the same day.
Are Men More Likely than Women To Commit Scientific Misconduct? Maybe, Maybe Not

ABSTRACT In their study published in January 2013 in mBio, Fang et al. reviewed records from the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) and found more cases of scientific misconduct committed by men than women, particularly by faculty (F. C. Fang, J. W. Bennett, and A. Casadevall, mBio 4:1–3, 2013). Powerful social norms shape the way men and women behave, and implicit gender schemas can lead to different evaluation standards for men and women for tasks stereotypically linked to one gender. It is possible that norms for acceptable male and female behavior could lead to a lower threshold for men than women to engage in the risky behavior of scientific misconduct. It is also possible that women and men commit scientific fraud at the same rate but that, because crime is a male-gendered domain, evaluators require more proof of the criminal “competence” of women for an investigation to rise to the level of an ORI case or that female gender norms for likeability and a lower apology threshold more often prevent escalation of women’s fraud beyond a local level. Male scientists also have more opportunity to commit fraud than female scientists because they receive more NIH research funding—a finding that may also be influenced by gender schemas. We cannot conclude from the ORI data that men are more likely than women to risk the consequences of committing scientific misconduct simply because risk taking aligns with male gender stereotypes. Neither can we conclude that because men are more likely than women to commit fraud in other contexts, men are also more likely than women to commit scientific fraud. We can conclude, however, that scientific misconduct, regardless of who commits it, diminishes all who contribute to the scientific enterprise.
Using the Colorado birth defects monitoring program to connect families with services for children with special needs.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS The Community Notification and Referral Program (CNRP), which operates from within the state's birth defects monitoring and prevention program, links children and their families with local public health and early childhood agencies, which then inform families of services and resources in their home communities. In Colorado, many communities have developed systems for identifying, screening, evaluating, and providing services to children with developmental delays or other special needs. CNRP uses the existing infrastructure of services for children with special needs by notifying local community programs of children reported to the birth defects program with birth defects, developmental disabilities, or risks for developmental delay. Children to be referred to local agencies are identified from the birth defects registry on the basis of diagnosis and residence. Minor or lethal conditions are excluded from referral. CNRP provides the child's name, date of birth, address, phone, guardian, diagnoses, date and source of diagnosis, and length of stay to the local agency. A parental consent process is used under some circumstances. RESULTS CRCSN analyzed data from 1621 children referred to local agencies in 1998. The local agencies contacted 34.1% of the families and referred 46.9%. of those contacted to early intervention, developmental, evaluation, or other services. They determined that 29.5% could definitely or moderately benefit from developmental services. In a telephone survey of families, 65.4% said they had learned about services, resources, or developmental screening about which they had not been aware. CONCLUSION CRCSN has developed a notification and referral program to link families with services for children with special needs that could serve as a model for other birth defects registries.