Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supporting software evolution using adaptive change propagation heuristics

When changing a source code entity (e.g., a function), developers must ensure that the change is propagated to related entities to avoid the introduction of bugs. Accurate change propagation is essential for the successful evolution of complex software systems. Techniques and tools are needed to support developers in propagating changes. Several heuristics have been proposed in the past for change propagation. Research shows that heuristics based on the change history of a project outperform heuristics based on the dependency graph. However, these heuristics being static are not the answer to the dynamic nature of software projects. These heuristics need to adapt to the dynamic nature of software projects and must adjust themselves for the peculiarities of each changed entity. In this paper we propose adaptive change propagation heuristics. These heuristics are metaheuristics that combine various previously researched heuristics to improve the overall performance (precision and recall) of change propagation heuristics. Through an empirical case study, using four large open source systems; GCC (a compiler), FreeBSD (an operating system), PostgreSQL (a database), and GCluster (a clustering framework), we demonstrate that our adaptive change propagation heuristics show a 57% statistically significant improvement over the top-performing static change propagation heuristics.
Bilingual Code-switching and Syntactic Theory

enth Annual Meeting of the North Eastern Linguistic Society, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 113-124. Kayne, R. (1976) "French Relative 'que"' in M. Luj'an and F. Hensey, eds., Current Studies in Romance Linguistics, Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C. Kuroda, S. Y. (1968) "English Relativization and Certain Related Problems," Language 44, 244266. Reprinted in D. Reibel and S. Schane, eds., Modern Studies in English, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Quicoli, C. (1972) Aspects of Portuguese Complementation, Doctoral dissertation, State University of New York, Buffalo. Rivero, M. -L. (1980) "Left-Dislocation and Topicalization in Spanish," Linguistic Inquiry 11, 363-394.
Quantitative method for modeling context in concatenative synthesis using large speech database

Modeling phonetic context is one of the key points to get natural sounding in concatenativc speech synthesis. In this paper, a new quantitative method to model context is proposed. In the proposed method, the context is measured as the distance between leafs of the top-down likelihood-based decision trees that have been grown during the construction of acoustic inventory. Unlike other context modeling methods, this method allows the unit selection algorithm to borrow unit occurrences from other contexts when their context distances are close. This is done by incorporating the measured distance as an element in the unit selection cost function. The motivation behind this method is that it reduces the required speech modification by using better unit occurrences from near context. This method also makes it easy to use long synthesis units, e.g. syllables or words, in the same unit selection framework.
Bioinformatics Applications Note Systems Biology High-throughput Feature Counting and Measurement of Roots

The original RootTrace tool has proved successful in measuring primary root lengths across time series image data. Biologists have shown interest in using the tool to address further problems, namely counting lateral roots to use as parameters in screening studies, and measuring highly curved roots. To address this, the software has been extended to count emerged lateral roots, and the tracking model extended so that strongly curved and agravitropic roots can be now be recovered. Here, we describe the novel image analysis algorithms and user interface implemented within the RootTrace framework to handle such situations and evaluate the results. Availability: The software is open source and available from http:// sourceforge.net/projects/roottrace.
Error correcting codes and spatial coupling

These are notes from the lecture of R\"udiger Urbanke given at the autumn school "Statistical Physics, Optimization, Inference, and Message-Passing Algorithms", that took place in Les Houches, France from Monday September 30th, 2013, till Friday October 11th, 2013. The school was organized by Florent Krzakala from UPMC and ENS Paris, Federico Ricci-Tersenghi from La Sapienza Roma, Lenka Zdeborov\`a from CEA Saclay and CNRS, and Riccardo Zecchina from Politecnico Torino. The first three sections cover the basics of polar codes and low density parity check codes. In the last three sections, we see how the spatial coupling helps belief propagation decoding.
Multiple PLDs Required for High Salinity and Water Deficit Tolerance in Plants

High salinity and drought have received much attention because they severely affect crop production worldwide. Analysis and comprehension of the plant's response to excessive salt and dehydration will aid in the development of stress-tolerant crop varieties. Signal transduction lies at the basis of the response to these stresses, and numerous signaling pathways have been implicated. Here, we provide further evidence for the involvement of phospholipase D (PLD) in the plant's response to high salinity and dehydration. A tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) α-class PLD, LePLDα1, is transcriptionally up-regulated and activated in cell suspension cultures treated with salt. Gene silencing revealed that this PLD is indeed involved in the salt-induced phosphatidic acid production, but not exclusively. Genetically modified tomato plants with reduced LePLDα1 protein levels did not reveal altered salt tolerance. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), both AtPLDα1 and AtPLDδ were found to be activated in response to salt stress. Moreover, pldα1 and pldδ single and double knock-out mutants exhibited enhanced sensitivity to high salinity stress in a plate assay. Furthermore, we show that both PLDs are activated upon dehydration and the knock-out mutants are hypersensitive to hyperosmotic stress, displaying strongly reduced growth.
Traitement des dossiers refusés dans le processus d'octroi de crédit aux particuliers.

Le credit scoring est generalement considere comme une methode d’evaluation du niveau du risque associe a un dossier de credit potentiel. Cette methode implique l'utilisation de differentes techniques statistiques pour aboutir a un modele de scoring base sur les caracteristiques du client.Le modele de scoring estime le risque de credit en prevoyant la solvabilite du demandeur de credit. Les institutions financieres utilisent ce modele pour estimer la probabilite de defaut qui va etre utilisee pour affecter chaque client a la categorie qui lui correspond le mieux: bon payeur ou mauvais payeur. Les seules donnees disponibles pour construire le modele de scoring sont les dossiers acceptes dont la variable a predire est connue. Ce modele ne tient pas compte des demandeurs de credit rejetes des le depart ce qui implique qu'on ne pourra pas estimer leurs probabilites de defaut, ce qui engendre un biais de selection cause par la non-representativite de l'echantillon. Nous essayons dans ce travail en utilisant l'inference des refuses de remedier a ce biais, par la reintegration des dossiers refuses dans le processus d'octroi de credit. Nous utilisons et comparons differentes methodes de traitement des refuses classiques et semi supervisees, nous adaptons certaines a notre probleme et montrons sur un jeu de donnees reel, en utilisant les courbes ROC confirme par simulation, que les methodes semi-supervise donnent de bons resultats qui sont meilleurs que ceux des methodes classiques.
Analysis of human interruptibility in the home environment

Many studies have explored the issues of interruption and availability in workplace environments, however, few have focused on human interruptibility in home environments. To make the initiation of online remote communication smoother, determining if it is appropriate to interrupt the remote communication partner is critical. As a preliminary investigation for developing a method that can automatically estimate interruptibility in the home environments, this paper determines the characteristics of human interruptibility by analyzing self-reported data of subjects in the home. The results indicate that factors such as individual differences, activities and certain home locations influence interruptibility.
Occupational and Genetic Risk Factors Associated With Intervertebral Disc Disease

Study Design. Cross-sectional epidemiologic study. Objective. To evaluate the interaction between known genetic risk factors and whole-body vibration for symptomatic intervertebral disc disease (IDD) in an occupational sample. Summary of Background Data. Risk factors of IDD include, among others, whole-body vibration and heredity. In this study, the importance of a set of known genetic risk factors and whole-body vibration was evaluated in an occupational sample of train engineers and sedentary controls. Methods. Eleven variations in 8 genes (COL9A2, COL9A3, COL11A2, IL1A, IL1B, IL6, MMP-3, and VDR) were genotyped in 150 male train engineers with an average of 21-year exposure to whole-body vibration and 61 male paper mill workers with no exposure to vibration. Subjects were classified into IDD-phenotype and asymptomatic groups, based on the latent class analysis. Results. The number of individuals belonging to the IDD-phenotype was significantly higher among train engineers (42% of train engineers vs. 17.5% of sedentary workers; P = 0.005). IL1A −889T allele represented a significant risk factor for the IDD-phenotype both in the single marker allelic association test (P = 0.043) and in the logistic regression analysis (P = 0.01). None of the other allele markers was significantly associated with symptoms when analyzed independently. However, for all the SNP markers considered, whole-body vibration represents a nominally significant risk factor. Conclusion. The results suggest that whole-body vibration is a risk factor for symptomatic IDD. Moreover, whole-body vibration had an additive effect with genetic risk factors increasing the likelihood of belonging to the IDD-phenotype group. Of the independent genetic markers, IL1A −889T allele had strongest association with IDD-phenotype.
Successful Aging: Integrating Contemporary Ideas, Research Findings, and Intervention Strategies

Friedrich, Douglas D. (2001). Successful Aging: Integrating Contemporary Ideas, Research Findings, and Intervention Strategies. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas. 332 pp. ISBN: 0-398-07167-5. Price: $69.95 (hardcover). ISBN: 0398-07168-3. Price: $47.95 (paperback). In his book Successful Aging: Integrating Contemporary Ideas, Research Findings, and Intervention Strategies, Friedrich connects basic and applied research in a comprehensive and innovative fashion to the burgeoning fields of aging, gerontology, and geriatrics. The target audience for this text is practitioners and students who require specialized knowledge on the principles and practices of "aging. " Friedrich makes a significant contribution to this multidisciplinary field by integrating contemporary theory and research and moves these ideas into the arenas of health promotion and social policy. The author integrates lifespan development and aging models, which bridge biological, psychological, and social domains, and frames these within normal, pathological and successful aging. The foundation of the book rests on the concept of successful aging-defined as longevity and quality of life, and as a product of the interface of individual and environmental factors. The volume is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1, entitled, "Facts on Aging," begins by offering some useful tips and advice to facilitate successful aging. Readers are given the opportunity to actively participate in learning about practical aging related issues through a variety of quizzes, which test their knowledge and understanding of older adulthood and aging. Key demographic facts about aging in America, past and present, are highlighted. For example, Friedrich points out that the oldest old, defined as those persons aged 85 years or older, is the fastest growing segment of the elderly population. Chapter 2 details both lifespan development and the broader domain of gerontological perspectives on aging. According to the author, lifespan develop mentalists "advocate principles of change and potential determinants of change that can apply throughout the life course" (p. 73), whereas gerontologists concentrate on describing and explaining aging related processes. Two types of aging are described; one that deals with definitional aspects (e.g., chronological, historical, and functional age) and the other with conditions of aging (e.g., normal, pathological, and successful aging). This chapter also provides a succinct overview of age-related theories of aging, including a summary of Baltes' eight principles of lifespan development. In chapter 3, Friedrich summarizes research methodologies from gerontology and lifespan development, highlighting their relative strengths and limitations. For example, the cross-sectional design, although flagged as the most popular research because of it's time-efficiency and cost, is criticized for it's inability to measure lifespan changes within the individual, which is a strength of longitudinal developmental designs. …
Serum antibodies to oral Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (Bacteroides gingivalis): relationship to age and periondontal disease

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay microplate method was used for measuring levels of antibody specific for the oral serotype of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (Bacteroides gingivalis) in serum samples obtained from umbilical cords, infants, children, periodontally normal adults, and edentulous adults. Serum from patients with various periodontal diseases, including adult periodontitis, localized juvenile periodontitis, generalized juvenile periodontitis, post-localized juvenile periodontitis, and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, were also studied. A positive correlation between increase in age and increase in both prevalence and level of specific antibody in the G, A, and M classes of immunoglobulins was observed. This indicates that antibodies reactive with oral B. asaccharolyticus found in up to 84% of normal adults are natural antibodies, presumably with a protective role. Among the patient groups, those with adult periodontitis were found to have levels of immunoglobulin G antibodies to oral B. asaccharolyticus that were five times higher than the antibody levels found in control subjects. The levels of IgG antibodies to this organism in the other patient groups were comparable to the levels found in the control group. However, 50% of the individuals in the generalized juvenile periodontitis group had high levels of immunoglobulin G antibodies to B. asaccharolyticus, suggesting heterogeneity with respect to immune response in these patients. These results indicate that antibodies to oral B. asaccharolyticus (B. gingivalis) occur at low levels in most normal children and adults and that the rise in titer of the specific antibodies of each major class of immunoglobulins parallels the ontogenic change in serum levels of that isotype. In contrast, there is a marked increase in titer of immunoglobulin G antibodies to oral B. asaccharolyticus in the group of patients with adult periodontitis and in patients with the generalized form of juvenile periodontitis.
Design of IIR orthogonal wavelet filter banks using lifting scheme

The lifting scheme is well known to be an efficient tool for constructing second generation wavelets and is often used to design a class of biorthogonal wavelet filter banks. For its efficiency, the lifting implementation has been adopted in the international standard JPEG2000. It is known that the orthogonality of wavelets is an important property for many applications. This paper presents how to implement a class of infinite-impulse-response (IIR) orthogonal wavelet filter banks by using the lifting scheme with two lifting steps. It is shown that a class of IIR orthogonal wavelet filter banks can be realized by using allpass filters in the lifting steps. Then, the design of the proposed IIR orthogonal wavelet filter banks is discussed. The designed IIR orthogonal wavelet filter banks have approximately linear phase responses. Finally, the proposed IIR orthogonal wavelet filter banks are applied to the image compression, and then the coding performance of the proposed IIR filter banks is evaluated and compared with the conventional wavelet transforms
Failure diagnosis of discrete-event systems with linear-time temporal logic specifications

The paper studies failure diagnosis of discrete-event systems (DESs) with linear-time temporal logic (LTL) specifications. The LTL formulas are used for specifying failures in the system. The LTL-based specifications make the specification specifying process easier and more user-friendly than the formal language/automata-based specifications; and they can capture the failures representing the violation of both liveness and safety properties, whereas the prior formal language/automaton-based specifications can capture the failures representing the violation of only the safety properties (such as the occurrence of a faulty event or the arrival at a failed state). Prediagnosability and diagnosability of DESs in the temporal logic setting are defined. The problem of testing prediagnosability and diagnosability is reduced to the problem of model checking. An algorithm for the test of prediagnosability and diagnosability, and the synthesis of a diagnoser is obtained. The complexity of the algorithm is exponential in the length of each specification LTL formula, and polynomial in the number of system states and the number of specifications. The requirement of nonexistence of unobservable cycles in the system, which is needed for the diagnosis algorithms in prior methods to work, is relaxed. Finally, a simple example is given for illustration.
Co-Learning and the Evolution of Social Acitivity

We introduce the notion of co-learning, which refers to a process in which several agents simultaneously try to adapt to one another''s behavior so as to produce desirable global system properties. Of particular interest are two specific co-learning settings, which relate to the emergence of conventions and the evolution of cooperation in societies, respectively. We define a basic co-learning rule, called Highest Cumulative Reward (HCR), and show that it gives rise to quite nontrivial system dynamics. In general, we are interested in the eventual convergence of the co-learning system to desirable states, as well as in the efficiency with which this convergence is attained. Our results on eventual convergence are analytic; the results on efficiency properties include analytic lower bounds as well as empirical upper bounds derived from rigorous computer simulations.
SampleSearch: A Scheme that Searches for Consistent Samples

Sampling from belief networks which have a substantial number of zero probabilities is problematic. MCMC algorithms like Gibbs sampling do not converge and importance sampling schemes generate many zero weight samples that are rejected, yielding an inefficient sampling process (the rejection problem). In this paper, we propose to augment importance sampling with systematic constraint-satisfaction search in order to overcome the rejection problem. The resulting SampleSearch scheme can be made unbiased by using a computationally expensive weighting scheme. To overcome this an approximation is proposed such that the resulting estimator is asymptotically unbiased. Our empirical results demonstrate the potential of our new scheme.
Low-Power H.264 Video Compression Architectures for Mobile Communication

This paper presents a method to reduce the computation and memory access for variable block size motion estimation (ME) using pixel truncation. Previous work has focused on implementing pixel truncation using a fixed-block-size (16 times 16 pixels) ME. However, pixel truncation fails to give satisfactory results for smaller block partitions. In this paper, we analyze the effect of truncating pixels for smaller block partitions and propose a method to improve the frame prediction. Our method is able to reduce the total computation and memory access compared to conventional full-search method without significantly degrading picture quality. With unique data arrangement, the proposed architectures are able to save up to 53% energy compared to the conventional full-search architecture. This makes such architectures attractive for H.264 application in future mobile devices.
Performance Assessment of a Downlink Two-Layer Spreading Encoded COMP MIMO OFDM System

In this paper, a comprehensive BER performance simulative study has been made on data transmission in a downlink coordinated multipoint wireless communication System. The COMP MIMO OFDM system under investigation implements Turbo and LDPC channel coding, Spatially multiplexing and Space-time block coding (STBC), Doubly Spreading Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and Zero Forcing (ZF) signal detection (Equalizers) schemes under 16PSK and 16QAM digital modulations based on the analysis it is remarkable that the simulated system is highly effective to combat inherent interferences under Rayleigh fading channel and provides robust performance in 16QAM, MMSE channel equalization and spatial multiplexing schemes.
Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience Integrative Neuroscience

sensation Lane (Lane, 2002). SMD is a proposed subtype of larger problem sometimes termed " Sensory Processing Disorder " or SPD (Miller et al., 2007). SPD is thought to occur when sensory information is perceived and interpreted in a disorganized way so that the persons ability to use sensory information to act and interact with their environment is impaired (Miller, 2006).
An Indexing Network: Model and Applications

Internet data are heterogeneous, redundant, disordered, and exponentially growing. Finding the right information from them becomes an ever-challenging issue. Existing technologies such as inverted index and keyword matching can list user webpage matching with given search keywords. They cannot recognize potential relations among webpages to meet some rising user needs, e.g., exploratory search and personalized search. We propose an indexing network model that organizes information in webpages at three levels: words, webpages, and categories, thereby leading to a semantic association graph. Words are used as the description of webpages and categories. Webpage classification is used to gather similar webpages together. Hyperlinks imply the wisdom of the webpage creator, which can help us generate semantic relations among categories. With a clear organizational structure, an indexing network can provide support for many important applications including intelligent information retrieval, recommendation and decision support. In order to provide access to interfaces for the proposed indexing network, an indexing network algebra is defined. Finally, to validate the proposed model, an indexing network is generated based on 30 million webpages and its structure is analyzed. We also give methods to achieve “browsing navigation” and “personalized search” based on the generated network. Results reveal that the use of an indexing network can greatly facilitate exploratory information retrieval and personalized search.