Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of alignment algorithms with mixed dimensions for dimensionality reduction

We consider an alignment algorithm for reconstructing global coordinates of a given data set from coordinates constructed for data points in small local neighborhoods through computing a spectral subspace of an alignment matrix. We show that, under certain conditions, the null space of the alignment matrix recovers global coordinates even when local point sets have different dimensions. This result generalizes a previous analysis to allow alignment of local coordinates of mixed dimensions. We also extend this result to the setting of a semi‐supervised learning problem, and we present several examples to illustrate our results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three-dimensional computational structures and the real world

In this paper, we describe a system of composite images to design virtual three-dimensional structures in an outdoor environment. The system, called AmbiViewer, consists of a modeler for three-dimensional on-site sketching, and overlapping locative technologies to orient virtual objects in a real-space, real-time setting. The system employs both GPS orientation and a visual marker system to provide a realistic and interactive augmented reality interface. While it is still under development, the authors believe it can bridge the gap between sketching on site, and creating virtual models in the office.
New insights on stochastic reachability

In this paper, we give new characterizations of the stochastic reachability problem for stochastic hybrid systems in the language of different theories that can be employed in studying stochastic processes (Markov processes, potential theory, optimal control). These characterizations are further used to obtain the probabilities involved in the context of stochastic reachability as viscosity solutions of some variational inequalities.
Spinal-cord Depressant Effects of Ketamine and Etoxadrol* in the Cat and the Rat

The effects of ketamine and etoxadrol an spinal reflexes were studied in the cat and the rat. At doses of 0.1 to 10 mg/kg, iv, ketamine and etoxadrol produced dose-related depression of flexor reflexes without affecting patellar reflexes in unanesthetized, acute high spinal cat preparations. Recording from the ventral roots, the two dissociative anesthetics were found to depress the polysynaptic component more than the monosynaptic component. Neither compound changed the dorsal root potential or presynaptic inhibitions at anesthetic doses. In the rat, anesthetic doses of etoxadrol depressed spinal polysynaptic reflexes to the same extent in intact as in acute spinal animals. The relative lack of reflexes during the anesthesia in man and laboratory animals may be accounted for by a spinal mechanism, possibly depression of certain interneurons.
A Randomized Fixed Model Methodology for Genome-Wide Association Studies

Author(s): Zhu, Tiantian | Advisor(s): Xu, Shizhong | Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are statistical tools widely used to identify the associations between genetic variants and a quantitative trait. Through GWAS, the genetic architectures of many complex traits in plants, animals and human have been revealed. A commonly used method in GWAS is the linear mixed model (LMM). This model is called the fixed model (FM) approach when the marker effect is treated as a fixed effect. In contrast to the FM approach, the scanned marker can also be treated as a random effect and such a method is called the random model (RM) approach. The RM approach allows the use of the effective number of tests to perform Bonferroni correction and thus significantly increases the statistical power. However, the RM approach requires estimation of two genetic variance components (the variance of the scanned marker and the polygenic variance) and thus involves high computational cost. The main focus of this dissertation is the development of a new method named randomized fixed model (RFM) methodology. By this method, we can perform the RM GWAS using results of the FM analysis without involving additional computation. There are three chapters in this dissertation. The first chapter introduces the main concepts in GWAS, LMM and corrections for multiple hypotheses testing. The second chapter describes the RFM methodology, and demonstrates in both simulated data and real human data that the RFM is as powerful as the RM, with reduced computational complexity. In the third chapter, an outlier detection approach using a mixture model for significance test is described. Compared to Bonferroni correction method, this approach boosts the statistical power with the genome-wide type I error rate still controlled below 0.05. Thus, the outlier detection approach can be an alternative method for Bonferroni correction.
Subcellular distribution of human RDM1 protein isoforms and their nucleolar accumulation in response to heat shock and proteotoxic stress

The RDM1 gene encodes a RNA recognition motif (RRM)-containing protein involved in the cellular response to the anti-cancer drug cisplatin in vertebrates. We previously reported a cDNA encoding the full-length human RDM1 protein. Here, we describe the identification of 11 human cDNAs encoding RDM1 protein isoforms. This repertoire is generated by alternative pre-mRNA splicing and differential usage of two translational start sites, resulting in proteins with long or short N-terminus and a great diversity in the exonic composition of their C-terminus. By using tagged proteins and fluorescent microscopy, we examined the subcellular distribution of full-length RDM1 (renamed RDM1α), and other RDM1 isoforms. We show that RDM1α undergoes subcellular redistribution and nucleolar accumulation in response to proteotoxic stress and mild heat shock. In unstressed cells, the long N-terminal isoforms displayed distinct subcellular distribution patterns, ranging from a predominantly cytoplasmic to almost exclusive nuclear localization, suggesting functional differences among the RDM1 proteins. However, all isoforms underwent stress-induced nucleolar accumulation. We identified nuclear and nucleolar localization determinants as well as domains conferring cytoplasmic retention to the RDM1 proteins. Finally, RDM1 null chicken DT40 cells displayed an increased sensitivity to heat shock, compared to wild-type (wt) cells, suggesting a function for RDM1 in the heat-shock response.
Making Benzoxazine Greener and Stronger: Renewable Resource, Microwave Irradiation, Green Solvent, and Excellent Thermal Properties

To fulfill the principles of green chemistry, renewable magnolol and furfurylamine were taken to synthesize benzoxazine under microwave irradiation using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the solvent. The reaction was monitored by the yield of target compound under varied conditions. Only in 5 min, the yield of target benzoxazine monomer (M-fa) could be high up to 73.5% in PEG 600 system, indicating the desired advantage of microwave irradiation for benzoxazine synthesis. After the chemical structure of M-fa was confirmed, its polymerization behavior, processability, and thermo-mechanical properties were carefully evaluated. The cured resins presented a high glass transition temperature of 303 °C and exceedingly good thermal stability with 5% and 10% weight-loss temperature higher than 440 and 463 °C, respectively, and a char yield of 61.3%. In addition, M-fa demonstrated viscosity lower than 1 Pa·s during the temperature range from 100 to 194 °C, which indicated its good processability. This work provided u.
STUDIES OF THE DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS. IV. THE NEARLY PERFECT CORRELATION BETWEEN λλ6196.0 AND 6613.6

In a sample of 114 diffuse cloud sightlines spanning a wide range of interstellar environments, we find the equivalent widths of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) λ6196. 0 and λ6613. 6 to be extremely well correlated, with a correlation coefficient of 0.986. A maximum likelihood functional relationship analysis shows that the observations are consistent with a perfect correlation if the observational errors, which are dominated by continuum placement and other systematics such as interfering lines, have been underestimated by a factor of 2. The quality of this correlation far exceeds other previously studied correlations, such as that between the λ5780. 5 DIB and either the color excess or the atomic hydrogen column density. The unusually tight correlation between these two DIBs would seem to suggest that they might represent the first pair of DIBs known to be due to the same molecular carrier. However, further theoretical work will be required to determine whether the different linewidths and band shapes of these two DIBs can be consistent with a common carrier. If the two DIBs do not in fact share the same molecular carrier, their two carriers must be chemically very closely related.
Hybrid Si3N4-graphene nanophotonic circuits for electro-optic modulation

We present graphene-based optical modulators integrated with Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> waveguides which provide broadband flat absorption from visible to infrared wavelengths. Tunable attenuation of 0.067 dB/μm is measured in Mach-Zehnder interferometers and microring resonators.
HISTOGRAM AND FUZZY C-MEANS BASED AUTOMATIC THRESHOLD SELECTION FOR EDGE DETECTION PROCESS BASED ON RELATION MATRIX IN COLOR IMAGE

Borders of objects and shadows in the image, reflections and lighting changes within objects are named as edge. The image features of the pixel with itself and its neighbors, play a significant role in detection of the edges. Automatic threshold edge detection algorithms on the similarity image obtained from color images have been proposed in this study. Firstly, the relation matrix based on the similarity feature between neighbor pixels is utilized and the color image is converted into twodimensional similarity image. In the second stage, histogram curve and fuzzy c-means method have been employed to obtain the automatic threshold value. Threshold values obtained by virtue of these two methods have been applied to similarity images obtained separately by Linear, Exponential and Gaussian functions. Visual results have been utilized for the performance evaluations of the two algorithms. Thin edges have been created in the histogram-based edge detection algorithm while distinct and thick edges have been created in the fuzzy c-means algorithm. Clear and distinct edges have been created in linear and exponential functions. The results of the other two methods have been achieved in the Gaussian function, through utilization of the low D coefficient. The edge detection results are within acceptable measures and have responded to high performance and have the feature of to be applicable to large image types.
Relationship between physiological loss, performance decrement, and age in master athletes.

BACKGROUND The use of master athletes to describe an idealized rate of physiological loss associated with aging is quite common. The results of such studies suggest that older athletes may be able to reduce the rate of decline in functional loss. The findings of such studies have been questioned due to their limited sample size and the age range and gender of their subjects. METHODS We examined a group of 146 male and 82 female master athletes over the age of 40 years. Physiological parameters included maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), body composition, muscle strength, bone density, and blood chemistries. Medical histories and training records were obtained via questionnaire. RESULTS Results demonstrated gender differences in body composition, blood chemistries, blood pressure, VO2max, muscle strength, bone density, and performance (p <.05). All metabolic parameters for men and most for women demonstrated significant losses across the age range (p <.05). In addition, strength and performance for men and women and bone density for women declined significantly with age (p <.05). The demonstrated loss rates did not differ by gender. CONCLUSIONS Although limited by the lack of a sedentary comparison group, these data suggest that age-related losses in VO2max may not be different from data previously reported for older sedentary adults and that loss in muscle strength and performance with aging is not linear.
Fast Generation of Random Spanning Trees and the Effective Resistance Metric

We present a new algorithm for generating a uniformly random spanning tree in an undirected graph. Our algorithm samples such a tree in expected $\tilde{O}(m^{4/3})$ time. This improves over the best previously known bound of $\min(\tilde{O}(m\sqrt{n}),O(n^{\omega}))$ -- that follows from the work of Kelner and M\k{a}dry [FOCS'09] and of Colbourn et al. [J. Algorithms'96] -- whenever the input graph is sufficiently sparse. At a high level, our result stems from carefully exploiting the interplay of random spanning trees, random walks, and the notion of effective resistance, as well as from devising a way to algorithmically relate these concepts to the combinatorial structure of the graph. This involves, in particular, establishing a new connection between the effective resistance metric and the cut structure of the underlying graph.
Corpus luteum development and angiogenesis

Development of the corpus luteum (CL) is vital for the early increase in postovulatory progesterone that drives embryo development and the successful establishment of pregnancy. Following ovulation, rapid and dramatic cellular reorganisation and intense angiogenesis are required to support the timely transition to progesterone secretion. In addition to inherent physiological challenges, this process is sensitive to any imbalance in metabolism or health, particularly in the modern high yielding dairy cow. This makes luteal inadequacy a common cause of poor early embryo development and low conception rates in dairy cows. This review will explore the potential mechanisms that underlie this disorder. It will describe the impact that the pre-ovulatory follicle infrastructure, gonadotrophin support and size of the LH surge have on subsequent luteal development and function. A crucial component for rapid luteal growth is the formation of new blood vessels or angiogenesis. Several recent studies have highlighted the critical importance of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in regulating this process. In particular, FGF2 has a profound influence on endothelial cell sprouting and branching. There is increasing evidence that pericytes, immune cells and platelets are also integral regulators of luteal angiogenesis and development. The complex and dynamic nature of luteal development means that it is likely to be sensitive to potential inadequacies particularly, in the high producing dairy cow.
Replay Debugger For Multi Threaded Android Applications By Rohit Girme A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Approved February 2011 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Yann-Hang Lee, Chair

i ABSTRACT Debugging is a hard task. Debugging multi-threaded applications with their inherit non-determinism is all the more difficult. Non-determinism of any kind adds to the difficulty of cyclic debugging. In Android applications which are written in Java, threads and concurrency constructs introduce non-determinism to the program execution. Even with the same input, consecutive runs may not be the same and reproducing the same bug is a challenging task. This makes it difficult to understand and analyze the execution behavior or to understand the source of a failing execution. This thesis introduces a replay mechanism for Android applications written in Java and is based on the Lamport Clock. This tool provides the user with a controlled debugging environment, where the program execution follows the identical partially ordered happened-before dependency among threads, as during the recorded execution. In this, certain significant events like thread creation, synchronization etc. are recorded during run-time. They can later be replayed off-line, as many times as needed to pinpoint and fix an error in the application. It is software based approach and has been implemented by modifying the Dalvik Virtual Machine in the Android platform. The method of replay described in this thesis is independent of the underlying operating system scheduler. ii To My Beloved Family iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to sincerely thank my advisor; Dr. Yann-Hang Lee, without whose guidance, encouragement and support, this thesis would not have been possible. I have gained a lot of knowledge about my field, improved my research skills and otherwise, working under him. In all it has been a very satisfying and a fulfilling experience. I would also like to thank Dr. Karamvir Chatha and Dr. Baoxin Li for their time and effort to help me fulfill my degree requirements; as part of my thesis committee. I am grateful to all my friends at Arizona State University who made me feel at home and making this stay an enjoyable experience. I am thankful to all my lab mates, especially Young Song and Preetham who helped me with my queries. Finally, I am indebted to my parents and my family. They all have constantly encouraged me and been understanding through all the tough times. I wish to express my utmost and deepest gratitude to them for being patient, warm and supportive.
Polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) is overexpressed in primary colorectal cancers

PLK (polo‐like kinase), the human counterpart of polo in Drosophila melanogaster and of CDC5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, belongs to a family of serine/threonine kinases. It is intimately involved in spindle formation and chromosome segregation during mitosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PLK1 is overexpressed in primary colorectal cancer specimens as compared with normal colon mucosa and to assess its relation to other kinases as a potential new tumor marker. In the present study, immunohistochemical analyses were performed of PLK1 expression in 78 primary colorectal cancers as well as 15 normal colorectal specimens. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between other kinases, Aurora‐A and Aurora‐C, and PLK1 expression. In normal colon mucosa, some crypt cells showed weakly positive staining for PLK1 in 13 out of 15 cases, the remaining cases being negative. Elevated expression of PLK1 was observed in 57 (73.1%) of the colorectal cancers, statistically significant associations being evident with pT (primary tumor invasion) (P=0.0006, Mann‐Whitney U test), pN (regional lymph nodes) (P=0.008, χ2 test) and the Dukes' classification (P=0.0005, Mann‐Whitney U test). Mean proliferating cell nuclear antigen‐labeling index was 52.3%, with a range of 24.1% to 77.3%. Values for lesions with high and low PLK1 expression were 54.7±10.3% (mean$MpSD) and 45.9$Mp11.9% (P=0.002, Student's t test). PLK1 was significantly associated with Aurora‐A, but PLK1 staining was more diffuse and extensive than for Aurora‐A or Aurora‐C. Interestingly, PLK1 overexpression was significantly associated with p53 accumulation in colorectal cancers. Our results suggest over‐expression of PLK1 might be of pathogenic, prognostic and proliferative importance, so that this kinase might have potential as a new tumor marker for colorectal cancers. (Cancer Sci 2003; 94: 148–152)
The PADL-1.0/2 system for defining and displaying solid objects

PADL (Part and Assembly Description Language) is a language for defining solid objects via constructive solid geometry, i.e. as (regularized) set-theoretical compositions of primitive solid “building blocks”. The current processor for Version 1.0 of the language accepts PADL statements either in batch or in keyboard-interactive mode and produces line drawings of objects on CRT's and plotting devices. A variety of drawing styles is available: dimensioned orthographics, perspectives, section views, interference drawings, etc. Novel characteristics of the PADL-1.0/2 system include 1) general combinational operators that may be applied to any part defined in PADL, 2) correct handling of “pathologies” that occur when (for example) two objects have partially coincident boundaries, 3) maintenance of consistent multiple representations of the same object, and 4) automatic posting on drawings of dimensions to reflect user-defined geometric relations between features of objects. This paper provides an overview of both the language and the current processor's capabilities and organization. Detailed discussions of the underlying mathematics, algorithms, and implementation are presented elsewhere.
Rapid sequence intubation of trauma patients in Scotland.

BACKGROUND Endotracheal intubation remains the gold standard for trauma airway management. Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) has traditionally been performed by anesthesiologists but increasingly, emergency physicians are also undertaking RSI. We aimed to compare success and complication rates for trauma intubations for the two specialties. METHODS Two year, prospective multi-center descriptive study of trauma RSI in seven Scottish urban emergency departments. RESULTS 439 trauma patients were identified, including 233 RSIs. Patients intubated by emergency physicians had a higher median ISS (p < 0.001) and lower median RTS (p < 0.001) compared with anesthesiologists. For RSI, anesthesiologists had more grade I & II views at laryngoscopy (p = 0.051) and more successful first attempt intubations (p = 0.034) but there was no difference in the number of patients suffering complications (emergency physicians 10.0%, anesthesiologists 10.6%). CONCLUSION There is no significant difference in complication rates for trauma RSI between emergency physicians and anesthesiologists in Scottish urban centers. A collaborative approach to the critical trauma airway is vital. Emergency physicians should consult with senior anesthesiologists before RSI when intubation is predicted to be difficult.
Dial it in: Rotating RF sensors to enhance radio tomography

A radio tomographic imaging (RTI) system uses the received signal strength (RSS) measured by RF sensors in a static wireless network to localize people in the deployment area, without having them to carry or wear an electronic device. This paper addresses the fact that small-scale changes in the position and orientation of the antenna of each RF sensor can dramatically affect imaging and localization performance of an RTI system. However, the best placement for a sensor is unknown at the time of deployment. Improving performance in a deployed RTI system requires the deployer to iteratively “guess-and-retest”, i.e., pick a sensor to move and then re-run a calibration experiment to determine if the localization performance had improved or degraded. We present an RTI system of servo-nodes, RF sensors equipped with servo motors which autonomously “dial it in”, i.e., change position and orientation to optimize the RSS on links of the network. By doing so, the localization accuracy of the RTI system is quickly improved, without requiring any calibration experiment from the deployer. Experiments conducted in three indoor environments demonstrate that the servo-nodes system reduces localization error on average by 32% compared to a standard RTI system composed of static RF sensors.