Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Rationality and Femininity of Mary Wollstonecraft

This essay addresses the issues of self-representation in women’s writing of the early nineteenth-century British literary culture. I explore the subordination of women by a construction of femininity which did not allow them to be rational thinking subjects. Through the work of Mary Wollstonecraft I demonstrate how she provided a space for the rights of women to be discussed in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman and the impact this had on a patriarchal society. Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park serves as a fictional articulation of this, which illustrates the way in which women writers were disguising their political intent through fiction. I discuss the gender politics controlled by patriarchy which exclude women because of their lack of education. As pioneers of early proto feminist thought I argue that Wollstonecraft and Austen subvert the boundaries between constructions of masculinity and femininity. ‘Masculine’ and ‘feminine Romanticism’ are the terms coined by Anne Mellor which differentiate between the ideological construction of gender and the biological sex of the author. I engage with the argument Mellor provides for a gendered Romanticism which clearly defines the difference gender makes when looking at women’s writing in the early nineteenth century. I discuss how the call for gender equality by Wollostonecraft and Austen is complicated by the specificities of the society they live in. Furthermore, I look at how women represented themselves through writing at this time in order to be emancipated from constructions of femininity and to position themselves as rational thinking beings.
Longitudinal distribution of Na+ and Ca2+ channels and β‐adrenoceptors on the sarcolemmal membrane of frog cardiomyocytes

1 The distribution of L‐type Ca2+ and tetrodotoxin‐sensitive Na+ channels and of β‐adrenergic receptors was examined in frog ventricular myocytes using the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique and a double capillary for extracellular microperfusion. 2 Rod‐shaped cells (250–300 μm long) were sealed at both ends to two patch‐clamp pipettes and positioned transversally at different positions between the mouths of two micro‐capillaries separated by a thin wall. A combination of nifedipine (1 μm) and tetrodotoxin (0.3 μm) (blocking solution) was added to one capillary in order to inhibit macroscopic Ca2+ and Na+ currents (ICa and INa, respectively) in the part of the cell exposed to this capillary. 3 Moving the cell in 10–20 μm steps from the control capillary to the capillary containing the blocking solution induced step decreases in ICa and INa amplitudes. Complete block of both currents occurred when the entire cell was exposed to the blocking solution. 4 Each step decrease in current was due to the loss of activity of the functional Ca2+ and Na+ channels present in the slice of sarcolemmal membrane newly exposed to the blocking solution. These step current changes allowed longitudinal mapping of current density for Ca2+ and Na+ channels on the sarcolemmal membrane. 5 Addition of a submaximal concentration of isoprenaline (10 nm) to the control capillary induced a local increase in ICa which enabled examination of the distribution of functional β‐adrenergic receptors as well. 6 Our results demonstrate that Ca2+ and Na+ channels and β‐adrenergic receptors are equally and essentially uniformly distributed on the sarcolemmal membrane of frog ventricular myocytes.
Accelerating regular expression matching over compressed HTTP

This paper focuses on regular expression matching over compressed traffic. The need for such matching arises from two independent trends. First, the volume and share of compressed HTTP traffic is constantly increasing. Second, due to their superior expressibility, current Deep Packet Inspection engines use regular expressions more and more frequently. We present an algorithmic framework to accelerate such matching, taking advantage of information gathered when the traffic was initially compressed. HTTP compression is typically performed through the GZIP protocol, which uses back-references to repeated strings. Our algorithm is based on calculating (for every byte) the minimum number of (previous) bytes that can be part of a future regular expression matching. When inspecting a back-reference, only these bytes should be taken into account, thus enabling one to skip repeated strings almost entirely without missing a match. We show that our generic framework works with either NFA-based or DFA-based implementations and gains performance boosts of more than 70%. Moreover, it can be readily adapted to most existing regular expression matching algorithms, which usually are based either on NFA, DFA or combinations of the two. Finally, we discuss other applications in which calculating the number of relevant bytes becomes handy, even when the traffic is not compressed.
Static and dynamic feature-based visual attention model: Comparison to human judgment

In this paper, a novel bottom-up visual attention model is proposed. By using static and dynamic features, we determine salient areas in video scenes. The model is characterized by the fusion of spatial information and moving object detection. The static model, inspired by the human system, is achieved by a retinal filtering followed by a cortical decomposition. The dynamic model is carried out by an estimation and a compensation of camera motion. Although several approaches to visual attention were developed in various applications, few compared their model to human perception. A psychophysical experiment is then presented to compare our model with human perception and to validate it. The results provide a quantitative analysis and show the efficiency of this approach.
Direct Printing of 3D and Curvilinear Micrometer‐Sized Architectures into Solid Substrates with Sub‐micrometer Resolution

Many important micrometer-sized devices—from arrays of microlenses [1,2] through microsensors and actuators [3] to passive microfluidic mixers [4,5] —rely on curvilinear and/or multi-level surface topographies. Although fabrication of such structures from elastomers [6] or polymers [7] is relatively straightforward by casting/molding against appropriately shaped masters, [8–10] these materials have several unsatisfactory properties (mechanical wear, [11] ground collapse, [12] swelling by organic solvents, [13] or gas permeability [14] ), limiting their uses in many practical applications. [1,2,5,15] On the other hand, microstructuring of hard, durable solids with 3D surface reliefs requires complicated and expensive procedures such as reactive-ion etching, [16] laser ablation, [17] powder blasting, [18] or electrochemical micromachining. [19] Importantly, fabrication with these methods is serial, and each device has to be fabricated anew. Here, we describe a straightforward and inexpensive experimental method based on reaction diffusion [1,2,9,20–22] that overcomes these limitations and allows for bench-top prototyping of curvilinear and/or multilevel reliefs in solid materials (especially glass and silicon) with lateral resolution down to several hundreds of nanometers. In our maskless process, hydrogel stamps are replicated—as in soft lithography [8] —from micropatterned masters, soaked in a chemical etchant, and then used to literally “print” entire mi-crodevices into solid substrates with full retention of the stamp’s topography
Transcription Factor-Mediated Regulation of Carboxylesterase Enzymes in Livers of Mice

The induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes by chemicals is one of the major reasons for drug-drug interactions. In the present study, the regulation of mRNA expression of one arylacetamide deacetylase (Aadac) and 11 carboxylesterases (Cess) by 15 microsomal enzyme inducers (MEIs) was examined in livers of male C57BL/6 mice. The data demonstrated that Aadac mRNA expression was suppressed by three aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands, two constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activators, two pregnane X receptor (PXR) ligands, and one nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator. Ces1 subfamily mRNA expression was not altered by most of the MEIs, whereas Ces2 subfamily mRNA was readily induced by the activators of CAR, PXR, and Nrf2 but not by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activators. Studies using null mice demonstrated that 1) AhR was required for the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin–mediated suppression of Aadac and Ces3a; 2) CAR was involved in the 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene–mediated induction of Aadac, Ces2c, Ces2a, and Ces3a; 3) PXR was required for the pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile–mediated induction of Aadac, Ces2c, and Ces2a; 4) Nrf2 was required for the oltipraz-mediated induction of Ces1g and Ces2c; and 5) PXR was not required for the DEX-mediated suppression of Cess in livers of mice. In conclusion, the present study systematically investigated the regulation of Cess by MEIs in livers of mice and demonstrated that MEIs modulated mRNA expression of mouse hepatic Cess through the activation of AhR, CAR, PXR, and/or Nrf2 transcriptional pathways.
Detection of unrelated proteins in sequences multiple alignments by using predicted secondary structures

MOTIVATION Multiple sequence alignments are essential tools for establishing the homology relations between proteins. Essential amino acids for the function and/or the structure are generally conserved, thus providing key arguments to help in protein characterization. However for distant proteins, it is more difficult to establish, in a reliable way, the homology relations that may exist between them. In this article, we show that secondary structure prediction is a valuable way to validate protein families at low identity rate. RESULTS We show that the analysis of the secondary structures compatibility is a reliable way to discard non-related proteins in low identity multiple alignment. AVAILABILITY This validation is possible through our NPS@ server (http://npsa-pbil.ibcp.fr)
Coupled shock filter for depth enhancement in depth map coding

In this paper, we present a novel depth map enhancement scheme in depth map coding. For this purpose, we develop a coupled shock filter that enhances the coded depth map by the edge sharpening and the noise smoothing. Unlike the previous works that control the edge enhancement by the Gaussian blur or anisotropic diffusion, our approach is different in that the edge sharpening is performed. More specifically, in the first phase, we develop the inflection point in such a way that a pixel belongs to the influence zone of a maximum or a minimum made on the basis of the Laplacian. In the second phase, we suppress the amplified noise while preserving the edge. Two-phase structures allows for the strong slope restoration. Finally, the depth enhancement that performs the new approach is implemented. This results in 6.67% (rendered view) BD-bitrate reduction on average when compared with 3DV AVC-based test model and offers the superior subjective quality in the rendered view.
Characteristics of Environmental Friendly Labeled Plastic Shopping Bags in Indonesia

Plastics are synthetic polymers, made from petroleum and its derivatives which are non biodegradable. Today, more people used plastic bags to support their activities ,which caused the supply of plastic shopping bags to increase in large number. Plastic bags, eventually, are usually used as garbage which would cause negative impact on the environment. Environmental friendly plastic bags are made from renewable raw materials, such as starch from cassava, corn or others. There are the ones entirely starch based such as Enviplast (biodegradable); the ones with partial mixture of starch with plastic ores such as Ecoplas (biodegradable), the ones plastic ores are formulated with additives Oxium (oxodegradble), and conventional made from plastic ores only. Distinguishing characteristics of samples plastic shopping bags which were taken from domestic and abroad supermarkets can be seen from the result of FTIR, SEM, and AAS analysis along with burial in soil. Density of domestic plastic bag (1.119 g/cm3 ) are 49.55% smaller than samples abroad 2.258 g/cm3 . This means that in the country, a space to hold trash bags in the same weight needed almost 2x larger. Another discovery are some plastic shopping bags are labeled eco-friendly ,but had conventional plastic characteristisc .
Advanced liquid crystals for television

This review summarizes the diverse material requirements of the main Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technologies used for televisions (TVs). We discuss recent advances in liquid crystal materials for this application. We highlight key materials and discuss synthesis, structure–property relations and LC mixture properties. For all technologies we have achieved fast switching LC mixtures (16 ms) and are en route to 8 ms thus improving the switching times for the next generation of superior performance LCD TVs.
Shape Similarity Measure Based on Correspondence of Visual Parts

A cognitively motivated similarity measure is presented and its properties are analyzed with respect to retrieval of similar objects in image databases of silhouettes of 2D objects. To reduce influence of digitization noise, as well as segmentation errors, the shapes are simplified by a novel process of digital curve evolution. To compute our similarity measure, we first establish the best possible correspondence of visual parts (without explicitly computing the visual parts). Then, the similarity between corresponding parts is computed and aggregated. We applied our similarity measure to shape matching of object contours in various image databases and compared it to well-known approaches in the literature. The experimental results justify that our shape matching procedure gives an intuitive shape correspondence and is stable with respect to noise distortions.
Statistical design of polymeric composites reinforced with banana fibres and silica microparticles

The study describes a design of experiment analysis performed on hybrid polymeric composites reinforced with unidirectional banana fibres and silica microparticles. Maleic anhydride was also evaluated as a chemical additive to improve the adhesion between phases. A full factorial design (2231) and the analyses of variance were performed to identify the significance of the microstructure constituents against different mechanical and physical properties in a total population of 120 biocomposites samples. The microstructure parameters considered were fibre volume fraction (30% and 50%), silica addition (0%, 20 wt% and 33 wt%) and maleic anhydride addition (0% and 2 wt%). The mechanical and physical properties of the composite considered as factorial and analyses of variance responses were the apparent density, apparent porosity, water absorption, modulus of elasticity and mechanical strength under tensile and flexural loading. The design of experiment analysis has shown that the volume fraction of the fibres significantly affects all responses, with the composite made from 30% of banana fibres exhibiting superior mechanical strength and modulus of elasticity. While the addition of silica has featured a statistically noticeable contribution to the porosity and the water absorption, the presence of the particles did not provide any significant enhancement to the composites mechanical strength. Maleic anhydride showed a significant contribution to the apparent density, water absorption and flexural modulus, not improving the adhesion between phases, with a consequent decrease of the Young’s modulus and increase of the water absorption within the composites.
Regulation of IL-1 and TNF Receptor Expression and Function by Endogenous Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor1

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has a key role in regulation of innate and adaptive immunity and is implicated in sepsis, tumorigenesis, and autoimmune disease. MIF deficiency or immunoneutralization leads to protection against fatal endotoxic, exotoxic, and infective shock, and anti-inflammatory effects in other experimental models of inflammatory disease. We report a novel regulatory role of MIF in type 1 IL-1R and p55 TNFR expression and function. Compared with wild-type cells, MIF-deficient cells were hyporesponsive to IL-1- and TNF-induced MAPK activity, AP-1 activity, and cellular proliferation, while NF-κB function was preserved. Hyporesponsiveness of MIF-deficient cells was associated with down-regulation of cytokine receptor expression, which was restored by reconstitution of either an upstream kinase of MAPK, MAPK/ERK kinase, or MIF. These data suggest that endogenous MIF is required for cytokine activation of MAPK/AP-1 and cytokine receptor expression. This autocrine regulatory pathway defines an important amplifying role of endogenous MIF in cytokine-mediated immune and inflammatory diseases and provides further molecular evidence for the critical role of MIF in cellular activation.
Amorphous Silicon Image Sensor Arrays

We have developed a technology for 2D matrix-addressed image sensors using amorphous silicon photodiodes and thin film transistors. We have built a small prototype, having 192x192 pixels with a 200μm pixel pitch, and assessed its performance. The nip photodiodes can have dark current densities of less than 1011 A.cm-2 (up to 5V reverse bias) and peak quantum efficiencies of 88% (at 580nm). We operated the sensor in real time mode at high speed (50 Hz frame rate and 64μS line time). The image sensor has a low noise performance giving a dynamic range in excess of 104. The maximum crosstalk is about 2%, which allows at least 50 grey levels. The bottom contact of the photodiode acts as a light shield from light through the substrate, which enables the sensor to be operated as an intimate contact image sensor to image a document placed directly on top of the array. In this mode, the CTF was 75% at 2 lp.mm1. Good quality images are demonstrated in both front projection and intimate contact imaging modes.
On-Line Transform Domain LMS Algorithm Implemented with PCA Learning

An on-line transform domain Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm based on a neural approach is proposed. A temporal Principal Component Analysis (PCA) network is used as an orthonormalization layer in the transform domain LMS filter. Since PCA learning is an on-line learning algorithm, an on-line transform domain LMS filter can be easily implemented. Moreover, a modified Kalman estimation, which considers the sequence convergence property of the eigenvectors of PCA, is proposed to train the PCA network. The computation complexity of the PCA based LMS algorithm is then less than the conventional fast Fourier transform based algorithm.
On the Detection of Fake Certificates via Attribute Correlation

Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, SSL, are important cryptographic protocol suites on the Internet. They both implement public key certificates and rely on a group of trusted certificate authorities (i.e., CAs) for peer authentication. Unfortunately, the most recent research reveals that, if any one of the pre-trusted CAs is compromised, fake certificates can be issued to intercept the corresponding SSL/TLS connections. This security vulnerability leads to catastrophic impacts on SSL/TLS-based HTTPS, which is the underlying protocol to provide secure web services for e-commerce, e-mails, etc. To address this problem, we design an attribute dependency-based detection mechanism, called SSLight. SSLight can expose fake certificates by checking whether the certificates contain some attribute dependencies rarely occurring in legitimate samples. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate SSLight and successfully confirm that SSLight can detect the vast majority of fake certificates issued from any trusted CAs if they are compromised. As a real-world example, we also implement SSLight as a Firefox add-on and examine its capability of exposing existent fake certificates from DigiNotar and Comodo, both of which have made a giant impact around the world.
Timer-based broadcasting for power-aware routing in power-controlled wireless ad hoc networks

We propose a new cross-layer design method for minimizing the total consumed power in power-controlled wireless ad hoc networks. In contrast to previous research, we consider not only a power-aware routing algorithm, but also a MAC layer algorithm that is adequate to optimize its performance. Computer simulations show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional schemes with respect to the average total consumed power, while maintaining a similar average success rate. Moreover, the proposed scheme approximates the optimal solution calculated by CPLEX, and is scalable, since each node operates in a distributed manner.
Superplasticity of Fine-Grained Magnesium Alloy AZ31 Processed by Multi-Directional Forging

Superplasticity was studied in a fine-grained magnesium alloy AZ31 processed by multidirectional forging (MDF) under decreasing temperature conditions. Tensile tests were carried out at temperatures from 393 K to 473 K and at various strain rates. Superplasticity appears even at a low temperature of 393 K with a stress exponent of around 5.6 and a total elongation of over 370%. The relative large stress exponent can be connected with grain coarsening or refinement taking place during deformation. The initial deformation texture introduced by MDF hardly changes during superplasticity. These suggest that grain boundary sliding can take place during superplasticity, while grain rotation hardly occurs as a whole.
Hybrid Recommendation Models for Binary User Preference Prediction Problem

This paper presents detailed information of our solutions to the task 2 of KDD Cup 2011. The task 2 is called binary user preference prediction problem in the paper because it aims at separating tracks rated highly by specific users from tracks not rated by them, and the solutions of this task can be easily applied to binary user behavior data. In the contest, we firstly implemented many different models, including neighborhood-based models, latent factor models, content-based models, etc. Then, linear combination is used to combine different models together. Finally, we used robust post-processing to further refine the special user-item pairs. The final error rate is 2.4808% which placed number 2 in the Leaderboard.