Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction between a Quasi-Geostrophic Buoyancy Filament and a Heton

We investigate the interaction between a heton and a current generated by a filament of buoyancy anomaly at the surface. Hetons are baroclinic dipoles consisting of a pair of vortices of opposite signs lying at different depths. Such structures have self-induced motion whenever the pair of vortices are offset horizontally. A surface buoyancy filament generates a shear flow since the density perturbation locally modifies the pressure field. The vertical shear induced by the filament offsets the vortices of the heton if vertically aligned initially. Moreover, if the vortex nearer the surface is in adverse horizontal shear with the buoyancy filament, the heton tends to move towards the filament. Conversely, if the upper vortex is in cooperative horizontal shear with the buoyancy filament, the heton moves away from it. The filament is also naturally unstable and eventually breaks into a series of billows as it is perturbed by the heton. Moderate to large intensity surface buoyancy distributions separate the vortices of the heton, limiting its advection as a baroclinic dipole. Instead, the vortices of the heton start to interact strongly with surface billows. Additionally, the vortices of the heton can be partially destroyed by the filament if the shear it induces is sufficiently large.
Sarcasm Detection using Sentiment and Semantic Features

Sarcasm is a figure of speech used to express a strongopinion in amild manner. It is often used to convey the opposite sense of what is expressed. Automatic recognition of sarcasm is a complex task. Sarcasm detection is of importance in effective opinion mining. Most sarcasm detectors use lexical and pragmatic features for
The structure of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Zymomonas mobilis determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

A novel polysaccharide has been observed in vivo by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of the gram-negative bacterium, Zymomonas mobilis. The polysaccharide, which was not removed from the Z. mobilis cell by washing with 0.86% saline, was extracted by mild acid treatment. The structure was elucidated by a combination of NMR techniques, including proton and proton-carbon two-dimensional methods. The structure was determined to be -alpha-fructofuranosyl-(2-1)-beta-fructofuranosyl-(2-6)-. The polysaccharide is unlike levan, a beta-(2-6)-fructose polymer which is produced by many bacteria, including Z.mobilis, when grown on sucrose. The polysaccharide isolated here is produced by cells cultured on glucose, fructose or sucrose.
Software Defined Radio Subsampling Receiver for Wireless Monitoring and Sensing Medical Applications

In hospitals, telemetry is utilized by physicians to provide accurate diagnosis for their patients. The increase penetration of wireless technology in healthcare environment for powering, monitoring and sensing purposes of implanted or attached devices to human patients' triggered new challenges in designing reconfigurable wireless transceiver intended for healthcare that can operate in multi-frequency mode. To minimize the number of RF receivers needed for these kind of applications, a broadband subsampling receiver is proposed. Recently, this technique has been proposed for software defined radio (SDR) applications to allow multiple and concurrent RF signal digitization directly from the RF stage by using a sampling frequency much lower than the RF frequency. In this paper, band-pass sub-sampling technique widely used in many applications, such as radar, sonar, data acquisition, measurement and instrumentation is reviewed. An efficient subsampling algorithm is proposed to determine the sampling frequency needed such that interferences between the different monitoring and sensing medical signals is mitigated. Measurement results are provided with RF instrumentation equipment and a low speed ADC to validate the proposed architecture for multi- frequency monitoring and sensing applications.
Meta-Analysis of D1 Versus D2 Gastrectomy for Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Objectives: To conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and drawbacks of limited (D1) versus extended lymphadenectomy (D2) for proven gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: A search of Cochrane, Medline, PubMed, Embase, Science Citation Index and Current Contents electronic databases identified randomized controlled trials published in the English language between 1980 and 2008 comparing the outcomes of D1 versus D2 gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma. The meta-analysis was prepared in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses statement. The 6 outcome variables analyzed included length of hospital stay; overall complication rate; anastomotic leak rate; reoperation rate; 30-day mortality rate and 5-year survival rate. Random effects meta-analyses were performed using odds ratios (OR) and weighted mean differences (WMD). Results: Six trials totaling 1876 patients (D1 = 946, D2 = 930) were analyzed. In 5 of the 6 outcomes the summary point estimates favored D1 over D2 group with a statistically significant reduction of (i) 6.37 days reduction in hospital stay (WMD –6.37, confidence interval [CI] –10.66, –2.08, P = 0.0036); (ii) 58% reduction in relative odds of developing postoperative complications (OR 0.42, CI 0.27, 0.66, P = 0.0002); (iii) 60% reduction in anastomotic breakdown (OR 0.40, CI 0.25, 0.63, P = 0.0001); (iv) 67% reduction in reoperation rate (OR 0.33, CI 0.15, 0.72, P = 0.006); and (v) 41% reduction in 30-day mortality rate (OR 0.59, CI 0.40, 0.85, P = 0.0054). Lastly there was no significant difference in the 5-year survival (OR 0.97, CI 0.78, 1.20, P = 0.7662) between D1 and D2 gastrectomy patients. Conclusions: On the basis of this meta-analysis we conclude that D1 gastrectomy is associated with significant fewer anastomotic leaks, postoperative complication rate, reoperation rate, decreased length of hospital stay and 30-day mortality rate. Finally, the 5-year survival in D1 gastrectomy patients was similar to the D2 cohort.
Expression of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) System Genes in Equine Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes and Influence of IL-1β During In Vitro Maturation1

Abstract A growing body of evidence suggests that the ovary is a site of inflammatory reactions, and thus, ovarian cells could represent sources and targets of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) system. The aim of the present work was to investigate the expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-1R1, and IL-1R2 genes in equine cumulus cells and oocytes. Moreover, the influence of IL-1β on in vitro maturation of cumulus-oocytes complexes (COCs) was examined. COCs were collected using ultrasound-guided follicular puncture in vivo. Oocytes and cumulus cells were isolated from preovulatory and subordinate follicles and were analyzed either at collection or after in vitro culture. An ultrasensitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to study the expression of IL-1 system members. In order to study the in vitro effect of IL-1β on oocyte nuclear maturation and cumulus expansion, immature COCs collected from subordinate follicles were cultured for 30 h in media containing or not containing IL-1β alone, or in combination with equine luteinizing hormone. Our results indicated that equine oocytes expressed IL-1β and IL-1R2 genes, and that cumulus cells expressed all IL-1 system members except IL-1α. In oocytes, IL-1β expression significantly decreased during in vitro culture compared with immature and mature oocytes analyzed at collection. Similarly, in cumulus cells, in vitro culture decreased IL-1ra and IL-1R1 expression. IL-1β was shown to significantly decrease the gonadotropin-induced nuclear maturation of oocytes. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time, in mares, the presence of IL-1β and IL-1R2 transcripts in oocytes and of IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-1R1, and IL-1R2 in cumulus cells. The regulatory effect of IL-1β on COCs during maturation suggests that the IL-1 system could be of crucial importance for ovarian physiology in the mare.
Game-theoretic approach for pricing strategy and network selection in heterogeneous wireless networks

User selection for access network is considered to be one of the distinct features of heterogeneous wireless systems, in which users with multi-network interface terminals can freely select access network for better quality of service with lower expense. On the other hand, service providers (SPs) will have to face more intense competition for attracting more subscribers and increasing their profits, which can be achieved through either non-cooperative or cooperative strategies. In this study, the authors propose a unified quantification model for evaluating the access service of heterogeneous systems. The relation between competitive SPs and users is described by different game models, based on general assumptions and practical application scenarios. A novel network selection scheme for maximising user performance–cost ratio (PCR) is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate that all SPs can achieve Nash equilibrium price under non-cooperative game framework and coalition price for cooperative game case to maximise their absolute profits, and the maximal PCR criterion for user network selection scheme is analysed under different scenarios.
In-Built N+ Pocket p-n-p-n Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor

The source-pocket (p-n-p-n) tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) has a narrow and highly doped N+ pocket layer between the source and channel to enhance the overall performance of the conventional p-i-n TFET. However, realizing this, N+ pocket increases the fabrication complexity since either an epitaxial growth in vertical TFETs or an implantation in planar TFETs is required to create the N+ pocket. In this letter, using the charge plasma concept, we propose a technique to realize an in-built N+ pocket without the need for a separate implantation. We demonstrate using 2-D simulations that the proposed in-built N+ pocket p-n-p-n TFET exhibits a higher ION (~20 times) and a steeper subthreshold swing (25 mV/decade) as compared with the conventional p-i-n TFET. Our approach overcomes the difficulty of creating a narrow N+ pocket doping and thus makes the p-n-p-n TFET more attractive in carrying on with the scaling trend.
Population modeling of influenza A / H 1 N 1 viral kinetics and symptom dynamics

word count: 249 Text word count: 3163 Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved. J. Virol. doi:10.1128/JVI.01318-10 JVI Accepts, published online ahead of print on 29 December 2010 on A uust 0, 2017 by gest http/jvi.asm . rg/ D ow nladed fom
Towards packet anonymization by automatically inferring sensitive application fields

Real network traffic is an important asset for research and development in the field of network security, but due to privacy concerns of leaking personal and host information, acquiring real traffic is quite restricted in practice. Over the past years, researchers have developed anonymization techniques to specify sensitive application fields or patterns to be hidden, but the specification will take great effort to investigate the sensitivity of a large number of application fields beforehand, and can be inaccurate due to the lack of patterns for some sensitive information. This work presents an innovative method towards automatically inferring where sensitive information is in the application messages. The method can leverage existing application protocol parsers to locate the application fields or optionally infer the fields by clustering and aligning similar application messages. After that, this method can infer the degree of sensitivity of application fields with the C4.5 decision tree algorithm based on the three measures: entropy, diversity, and one-to-one mapping. The experimental results demonstrate that the inference of sensitivity is effective with low false-negative and acceptable false-positive rates.
Differential expression of glutamate and GABA-A receptor subunit mRNA in cortical dysplasia

Objective: Focal cortical dysplasia is characterized by disorganized cortical lamination, dysplastic and heterotopic neurons, and an association with epilepsy. The contribution that dysplastic and heterotopic neurons make to epileptogenesis in focal cortical dysplasia is unknown and the phenotype of these cells may be distinct. The authors hypothesized that the expression of genes encoding glutamatergic (glutamate [GluR] and N -methyl-d-aspartate NMDA receptors [NR]) and γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABA A R) subunits is distinct in dysplastic and heterotopic neurons and that changes in receptor gene expression could be defined in a cell-specific pattern. Methods: Single immunohistochemically labeled dysplastic and heterotopic neurons were microdissected from human focal cortical dysplasia specimens obtained during epilepsy surgery. Pyramidal neurons were microdissected from postmortem control cortex and from temporal cortex without dysplasia resected during temporal lobectomy. Poly (A) messenger RNA (mRNA) from single neurons was amplified, radiolabeled, and used to probe complementary DNA (cDNA) arrays containing GluR 1–6 , NR 1A,1B , NR 2A–D , and GABA A Rα 1–6 , and -Rβ 1–3 subunit cDNAs. The relative hybridization intensities of each mRNA-cDNA hybrid were quantified by phosphorimaging. Results: GluR, NR, and GABA A R subunit mRNA expression did not differ between control neurons and nondysplastic epilepsy specimens. Expression of GluR 4 , NR 2B , and NR 2C subunit mRNA was increased, and NR 2A and GABA A Rβ 1 subunit mRNA was decreased in dysplastic compared with pyramidal and heterotopic neurons. In contrast, GABA A Rα 1 , -Rα 2 , and -Rβ 2 as well as GluR 1 mRNA levels were reduced in both dysplastic and heterotopic neurons. Conclusions: Differential expression of GluR, NR, and GABA A R mRNA in dysplastic and heterotopic neurons demonstrates cell specific gene transcription changes in focal cortical dysplasia. These results suggest that dysplastic and heterotopic neurons may be pharmacologically distinct and make differential contributions epileptogenesis in focal cortical dysplasia.
Micro-scission of YAC tumor cells during antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by human neutrophils.

The cellular events accompanying neutrophil-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) directed against YAC erythroleukemic target cells have been studied by time-lapse fluorescence-intensified microscopy. The YAC plasma membrane and cytosol were labeled with the fluorescent probes diC18Icc and eosin Y, respectively. Fluorescently labeled and IgG-opsonized YAC cells were incubated at 37 degrees C while observed by optical microscopy. During temporal studies of neutrophil-YAC conjugates, the cytosol of YAC cells accumulated in tubular and spherical compartments of the neutrophils' vacuolar apparatuses. To distinguish between several possible mechanisms of target cytosol uptake, diC18Icc-labeled YAC cells were observed during identical conditions. The membrane label diC18Icc was found to accumulate within neutrophils in an identical fashion. At roughly 30 min, 25 and 38% of neutrophils in apparent conjugates had internalized tumor cell cytosol or plasma membrane, respectively, within a vesicular compartment. The IgG-dependent uptake of eosin Y and diC18Icc by neutrophils was diminished by exposure to 2.5 mM sodium azide. When cells were exposed to 5.5 mM sodium azide, 1 mM iodoacetamide, or 4 degrees C, conjugate formation and uptake of eosin Y or diC18Icc were abolished. An artifactual accumulation of eosin Y or diC18Icc in neutrophils was further ruled out by control studies. Non-specific exchanges of eosin Y and diC18Icc labels of YAC cells with tannic acid-treated red blood cells (RBCs) and normal neutrophils were studied. Since hemoglobin binds tightly to eosin Y, RBCs can easily detect eosin Y leakage. No exchange of eosin Y or diC18Icc from YAC cells into bound tannic acid-treated erythrocytes was found. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Somatization disorders in dermatology

This paper reviews a wide range of somatization—related symptoms that are encountered in dermatology. These include the unexplained cutaneous sensory syndromes especially the cutaneous dysesthesias associated with pain, numbness and pruritus; traumatic memories in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) which are experienced on a sensory level as ‘body memories’ and may present as local or generalized pruritic states, urticaria and angioedema; and unexplained flushing reactions and profuse perspiration, in addition to unexplained exacerbations of stress-reactive dermatoses such as psoriasis and atopic eczema secondary to the autonomic hyperarousal in PTSD; classic ‘pseudoneurologic’ symptoms associated with dissociation including unexplained loss of touch or pain, in addition to the self-induced dermatoses such as dermatitis artefacta and trichotillomania that are encountered with dissociative states; and body dysmorphic disorder where the patient often presents with a somatic preoccupation involving the skin or hair.
Skip-graph: Learning graph embeddings with an encoder-decoder model

In this work, we study the problem of feature representation learning for graphstructured data. Many of the existing work in the area are task-specific and based on supervised techniques. We study a method for obtaining a generic feature representation for a graph using an unsupervised approach. The neural encoderdecoder model is a method that has been used in the natural language processing domain to learn feature representations of sentences. In our proposed approach, we train the encoder-decoder model to predict the random walk sequence of neighboring regions in a graph given a random walk along a particular region. The goal is to map subgraphs — as represented by their random walks — that are structurally and functionally similar to nearby locations in feature space. We evaluate the learned graph vectors using several real-world datasets on the graph classification task. The proposed model is able to achieve good results against state-ofthe-art techniques.
Study on Government Supervision Game Mechanism for Enterprises Establish Quality Management System

In this paper, we establish the supervision game model between government quality supervision department and production enterprises who establish a quality management system, based on the production enterprises decide how to establish a quality management system in order to improve the products quality level and government quality supervision department decides how to supervise more effectively. Through analyzing the game theory model of pure strategy Nash equilibrium, dominant strategy and mixed strategy Nash equilibrium, we reveal the supervision game internal operations mechanism between the government quality supervision department and the production enterprises who establish a quality management system, which points out the direction for the supervision game model to apply in
Multifunctional nanobeacon for imaging Thomsen‐Friedenreich antigen‐associated colorectal cancer

This research aimed to validate the specificity of the newly developed nanobeacon for imaging the Thomsen‐Friedenreich (TF) antigen, a potential biomarker of colorectal cancer. The imaging agent is comprised of a submicron‐sized polystyrene nanosphere encapsulated with a Coumarin 6 dye. The surface of the nanosphere was modified with peanut agglutinin (PNA) and poly(N‐vinylacetamide (PNVA) moieties. The former binds to Gal‐β(1‐3)GalNAc with high affinity while the latter enhances the specificity of PNA for the carbohydrates. The specificity of the nanobeacon was evaluated in human colorectal cancer cells and specimens, and the data were compared with immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometric analysis. Additionally, distribution of the nanobeacon in vivo was assessed using an “intestinal loop” mouse model. Quantitative analysis of the data indicated that approximately 2 μg of PNA were detected for each milligram of the nanobeacon. The nanobeacon specifically reported colorectal tumors by recognizing the tumor‐specific antigen through the surface‐immobilized PNA. Removal of TF from human colorectal cancer cells and tissues resulted in a loss of fluorescence signal, which suggests the specificity of the probe. Most importantly, the probe was not absorbed systematically in the large intestine upon topical application. As a result, no registered toxicity was associated with the probe. These data demonstrate the potential use of this novel nanobeacon for imaging the TF antigen as a biomarker for the early detection and prediction of the progression of colorectal cancer at the molecular level.
Usefulness of a Virtual Reality Percutaneous Trigeminal Rhizotomy Simulator in Neurosurgical Training

BACKGROUND: Simulation-based training may be incorporated into neurosurgery in the future. OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of a novel haptics-based virtual reality percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy simulator. METHODS: A real-time augmented reality simulator for percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy was developed using the ImmersiveTouch platform. Ninety-two neurosurgery residents tested the simulator at American Association of Neurological Surgeons Top Gun 2014. Postgraduate year (PGY), number of fluoroscopy shots, the distance from the ideal entry point, and the distance from the ideal target were recorded by the system during each simulation session. Final performance score was calculated considering the number of fluoroscopy shots and distances from entry and target points (a lower score is better). The impact of PGY level on residents' performance was analyzed. RESULTS: Seventy-one residents provided their PGY-level and simulator performance data; 38% were senior residents and 62% were junior residents. The mean distance from the entry point (9.4 mm vs 12.6 mm, P = .01), the distance from the target (12.0 mm vs 15.2 mm, P = .16), and final score (31.1 vs 37.7, P = .02) were lower in senior than in junior residents. The mean number of fluoroscopy shots (9.8 vs 10.0, P = .88) was similar in these 2 groups. Linear regression analysis showed that increasing PGY level is significantly associated with a decreased distance from the ideal entry point (P = .001), a shorter distance from target (P = .05), a better final score (P = .007), but not number of fluoroscopy shots (P = .52). CONCLUSION: Because technical performance of percutaneous rhizotomy increases with training, we proposed that the skills in performing the procedure in our virtual reality model would also increase with PGY level, if our simulator models the actual procedure. Our results confirm this hypothesis and demonstrate construct validity. ABBREVIATION: PGY, postgraduate year
Short- and long-term changes in blood miRNA levels after nanogold injection in rats—potential biomarkers of nanoparticle exposure

Context: Increased use of engineered nanoparticles may result in exposure of workers and consumers, making them a health concern. Objective: To identify potential blood miRNA biomarkers after intravenous gold nanoparticle (AuNP) exposure. Materials and methods: miRNA microarray analysis was carried out on blood of rats at 1 week and 2 months after injection. Results: Many up- and downregulated miRNAs were detected. Of these, rno-miR-298 was confirmed to be increased at 1 week postinjection by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Discussion and conclusion: Blood miRNAs could be useful as biomarkers for exposure to nanoparticles. miR-298 regulates β-amyloid (Aβ) precursor protein-converting enzyme-1 (BACE1) in Alzheimer’s disease.