Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Young Male Offspring of Alcoholic Fathers: Early Developmental and Cognitive Findings.

The early cognitive development and motor development of male preschool children with an alcoholic father were compared with matched control subjects from non-alcoholic families who resided in the same neighborhoods. Families were participants in the Michigan State University Longitudinal Study, into which were recruited all drunk drivers convicted in local district courts who had a blood alcohol level of 0.15 percent or higher and who had a biological 3to 6-year-old son living with them. Despite meticulous neighborhood searches, findings showed that the socioeconomic status (SES) of control families was significantly higher than alcoholic families, as were Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) inventory ratings. Findings indicated that the cverall c.evelopmental quotient and personal social development of control boys was significantly more advanced than that of the high-risk boys when SES and/or HOME scores were not considered. Analyses of developmental data with SES as a covariate resulted in less significant differences between the groups. Most significantly, when HOME scores were considered as a covariate, all differences disappeared. Demonstrating the impact of the quality of the home environment on development, findings indicated that paternal alcohol problems affect the cognitive avid motor development of preschoolers only when they are sufficiently disruptive to degrade aspects of the family environment related to early intellectual development. Over 40 references are cited. (RH) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Stable and Dynamic Coding for Working Memory in Primate Prefrontal Cortex

Working memory (WM) provides the stability necessary for high-level cognition. Influential theories typically assume that WM depends on the persistence of stable neural representations, yet increasing evidence suggests that neural states are highly dynamic. Here we apply multivariate pattern analysis to explore the population dynamics in primate lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) during three variants of the classic memory-guided saccade task (recorded in four animals). We observed the hallmark of dynamic population coding across key phases of a working memory task: sensory processing, memory encoding, and response execution. Throughout both these dynamic epochs and the memory delay period, however, the neural representational geometry remained stable. We identified two characteristics that jointly explain these dynamics: (1) time-varying changes in the subpopulation of neurons coding for task variables (i.e., dynamic subpopulations); and (2) time-varying selectivity within neurons (i.e., dynamic selectivity). These results indicate that even in a very simple memory-guided saccade task, PFC neurons display complex dynamics to support stable representations for WM. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Flexible, intelligent behavior requires the maintenance and manipulation of incoming information over various time spans. For short time spans, this faculty is labeled “working memory” (WM). Dominant models propose that WM is maintained by stable, persistent patterns of neural activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, recent evidence suggests that neural activity in PFC is dynamic, even while the contents of WM remain stably represented. Here, we explored the neural dynamics in PFC during a memory-guided saccade task. We found evidence for dynamic population coding in various task epochs, despite striking stability in the neural representational geometry of WM. Furthermore, we identified two distinct cellular mechanisms that contribute to dynamic population coding.
Système sérotoninergique 5-HT1A et schizophrénie : étude par tomographie par émission de positons au p-[18F]MPPF chez des patients schizophrènes traités par antipsychotiques

L’implication des recepteurs 5-HT1A dans la physiopathologie de la schizophrenie a ete suggeree par de nombreuses etudes post mortem et pharmacologiques. Le developpement d’etudes exploratoires du systeme serotoninergique 5-HT1A chez des patients schizophrenes permet de preciser le role des recepteurs 5-HT1A dans la physiopathologie de la maladie et d’envisager de nouvelles strategies therapeutiques. L'existence du p-[18F]MPPF, radioligand ayant une affinite specifique pour les recepteurs 5-HT1A, nous a permis de realiser une exploration du systeme serotoninergique 5-HT1A in vivo en tomographie par emission de positons (TEP) chez 19 patients schizophrenes et de comparer les resultats obtenus aux images de 19 temoins issus de la banque de donnees du CERMEP (Lyon). Notre premier objectif a ete de mettre en evidence d’eventuelles differences de repartition de potentiel de liaison (BP) entre les patients et les temoins. Une diminution significative du [18F]MPPF BPND au niveau des regions frontales et orbitofrontales a ete retrouvee chez les patients schizophrenes par rapport aux temoins. Dans un second temps, la comparaison des images TEP obtenues chez les patients selon que le traitement antipsychotique recu a une action agoniste 5-HT1A (aripiprazole) ou en soit depourvu (olanzapine, risperidone) a montre une diminution plus importante du [18F]MPPF BPND chez les patients traites par aripiprazole que chez les patients traites par d’autres antipsychotiques, soulignant ainsi l’impact in vivo de ce traitement sur le systeme serotoninergique 5-HT1A. Notre etude est la premiere, a notre connaissance, a utiliser le p-[18F]MPPF chez des patients schizophrenes
TCP Inigo: Ambidextrous Congestion Control

No one likes waiting in traffic, whether on a road or on a computer network. Stuttering audio, slow interactive feedback, and untimely pauses in video annoy everyone and cost businesses sales and productivity. An ideal network should (1) minimize latency, (2) maximize bandwidth, (3) share resources according to a desired policy, (4) enable incremental deployment, and (5) minimize administrative overhead. Many technologies have been developed, but none yet satisfactorily address all five goals. The best performing solutions developed so far require controlled environments where coordinated modification of multiple components in the network is possible, but they suffer poor performance in more complex scenarios. We present TCP Inigo, which uses independent delay-based algorithms on the sender and receiver (i.e. ambidextrously) to satisfy all five goals. In networks with single administrative domains, like those in data centers, Inigo's fairness, bandwidth, and latency indices are up to 1.3X better than the best deployable solution. When deployed in a more complex environment, such as across administrative domains, Inigo possesses latency distribution tail up to 42X better.
Guaranteed cost control of the water level of steam generator based on T-S model

In the operation of nuclear steam generator, the reverse thermal-dynamic effects make steam generator water level process dynamics characteristic difficult to control. In order to improve the control effect, a guaranteed cost controller method based on T-S model for the water level control of a nuclear steam generator is proposed and investigated in this paper. The proposed controller guarantees both stability and a prescribed performance in the entire operating region in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The computer simulation shows that guaranteed cost controller can efficiently control the steam generator water level and achieve anticipative effects. It also demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed controller in full operating range.
Dynamic Phasor Modeling of the Doubly-fed Induction Generator under Unbalanced Conditions

This paper proposes the use of the dynamic phasor approach for studying the behavior of doubly-fed induction generators during faults and unbalanced conditions. The dynamic phasor approach provides more accurate models than the quasi- stationary ones and, at the same time, is computationally more efficient than detailed EMTP models. Two contingencies are taken as examples to study the wind turbine behavior: balanced and unbalanced voltage sags. Results are compared with standard electromechanical and electromagnetical models.
Impact of preterm birth on inhibition abilities in neutral and emotional contexts in school age children: neuropsychological and brain imaging aspects

Being born preterm is associated with an increased risk of adverse neurodevelopmental functioning, including long-term difficulties in executive functions. Among executive functions, difficulties in major inhibition processes such as response inhibition and interference control have been reported at both brain and behavior levels in preterm samples. However, no consensus exists regarding inhibition difficulties at late school age and information is lacking regarding their underlying neural correlates in preterm children. We used, for the first time, an integrative approach to examine inhibition performances of school age preterm children at both brain and behavior levels, how they are impacted by an emotional context, and how they are related to behavioral problems. Our results showed inhibition difficulties as well as impulsive behaviors and more inattention/hyperactivity in preterm children. Their interference control difficulties were additionally underlain by reduced activation in frontal brain regions, specifically the prefrontal cortex, suggesting a developmental immaturity.
ETHOS: Miniature orientation sensor for wearable human motion analysis

Inertial and magnetic sensors offers a sourceless and mobile option to obtain body posture and motion for personal sports or healthcare assistants, if sensors could be unobtrusively integrated in casual garments and accessories. We present in this paper design, implementation, and evaluation results for a novel miniature attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) named ETHOS using current off-the-shelf technologies. ETHOS has a unit size of 2.5cm3, which is substantially below most currently marketed attitude heading reference systems, while the unit contains processing resources to estimate its orientation online. Results on power consumption in relation to sampling frequency and sensor use are presented. Moreover two sensor fusion algorithms to estimate orientation: a quaternion-based Kalman-, and a complementary filter. Evaluations of orientation estimation accuracy in static and dynamic conditions revealed that complementary filtering reached sufficient accuracy while consuming 46% of a Kalman's power. The system runtime of ETHOS was found to be 10 hours at a complementary filter update rate of 128Hz. Furthermore, we found that a ETHOS prototype functioned with a sufficient accuracy in estimating human movement in real-life conditions using an arm rehabilitation robot.
Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from probiotic products available in Italy

Objective: An emerging issue of probiotic products is the antibiotic resistance of the strains used. The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of the isolates of 10 probiotic products available in Italy. Materials and methods: The susceptibility of 15 strains of Lactobacillus spp. , 5 Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus, 1 Enterococcus faecium and 8 Bifidobacterium spp. to several groups of antibacterial agents was determined by E-test using MRS agar for Lactobacillus spp. and E. faecium and MH agar+5% sheep blood for S. thermophilus, with different conditions of incubation. For Lactobacillus, S. thermophilus and E. faecium the MICs obtained by E-test were compared to the MICs by broth microdilution test obtained following CLSI M45-A (2006) and CLSI M100-S17 (2007) guidelines. The broth microdilution test resulted in MICs identical to those obtained with the E-test or in MICs with differences of 1 or 2 log dilution steps. All the strains of Lactobacillus were susceptible to ampicillin. Species-dependent antibiotic susceptibility was detected for cephalosporins; gentamicin and ciprofloxacin had variable activity. Intrinsic resistance to vancomycin was confirmed for L. paracasei, L. salivarius and L. plantarum. Atypical resistance to erythromycin was detected in one strain of L. salivarius. The strains of Bifidobacterium were susceptible to ampicillin, cefotaxime and erythromycin. The strains of E. faecium were susceptible to the tested antibiotics; the strain of S. thermophilus was resistant only to ciprofloxacin. The observed resistance in the strains used in the Italian probiotic products tested seemed to be intrinsic except for erythromycin in one L. salivarius strain.
A highly emissive fluorescent nucleoside that signals the activity of toxic ribosome-inactivating proteins.

Protein toxins are among the oldest and most exotic warfare agents. [1] Among these, ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), particularly ricin, represent some of the most poisonous toxins known. [2,3] Ricin is a heterodimeric protein known to be toxic by inhalation and oral and intravenous ingestion. Although it is less lethal than the botulinum toxin, its accessibility and relatively simple isolation from castor beans mean it has potential to become a weapon of choice for bioterrorism. [4] The catastrophic impact of RIPs on eukaryotic cells results from their action on the ribosome, the machinery for protein biosynthesis. Ricin and saporin catalyze the depurination of a specific nucleotide residue on a conserved purine-rich ribosomal RNA sequence known as the α-sarcin/ricin loop (Figure 1). [2,5,6] This N-deglycosylation reaction reduces the affinity of the ribosome for elongation factors that are critical for protein synthesis, thereby resulting in disrupted protein production and ultimately cell death. [7]
Source Camera Identification Based on Sensor Dust Characteristics

A problem associated with digital single lens (DSLR) cameras is sensor dust. This problem arises due to dust particles attracted to the sensor, when the interchangeable lens is removed, creating a dust pattern in front of the imaging sensor. Sensor dust patterns reveals themselves as artifacts on the captured images and they become more visible at smaller aperture values. Since this pattern is not changed unless the sensor surface is cleaned, it can be used to match a given image to source DSLR camera. In this paper, we propose a new source camera identification method based on sensor dust characteristics. Dust specks on the image are detected using intensity variations and shape features to form the dust pattern of the DSLR camera. Experimental results show that the method can be used to identify the source camera of an image at very low false positive rates.
Influence of Reward Delays on Responses of Dopamine Neurons

Psychological and microeconomic studies have shown that outcome values are discounted by imposed delays. The effect, called temporal discounting, is demonstrated typically by choice preferences for sooner smaller rewards over later larger rewards. However, it is unclear whether temporal discounting occurs during the decision process when differently delayed reward outcomes are compared or during predictions of reward delays by pavlovian conditioned stimuli without choice. To address this issue, we investigated the temporal discounting behavior in a choice situation and studied the effects of reward delay on the value signals of dopamine neurons. The choice behavior confirmed hyperbolic discounting of reward value by delays on the order of seconds. Reward delay reduced the responses of dopamine neurons to pavlovian conditioned stimuli according to a hyperbolic decay function similar to that observed in choice behavior. Moreover, the stimulus responses increased with larger reward magnitudes, suggesting that both delay and magnitude constituted viable components of dopamine value signals. In contrast, dopamine responses to the reward itself increased with longer delays, possibly reflecting temporal uncertainty and partial learning. These dopamine reward value signals might serve as useful inputs for brain mechanisms involved in economic choices between delayed rewards.
Rigid Body Interaction for Large-Scale Real-Time Water Simulation

Simulating large amounts of water in real time is often achieved using heightfield methods. Allowing the water to interact with rigid bodies is essential for applications such as games, but traditional heightfield interaction methods concentrate on water-to-body effects by letting water flow through the bodies. We instead take an approach where the bodies block water. Our earlier method is improved in several ways, taking steps toward a single method to create both water-to-body and body-to-water effects. The new method is also visually compared to a traditional method by Thurey et al. A drawback of our method is that it has some grid aliasing artifacts that appear especially when the method is used for floating bodies. However, our method is demonstrated to work together with the Thurey method, which allows us to get the best of both worlds to simulate both floating and blocking bodies in a single scene. The method runs in real time for large areas of water even with a very limited GPU budget.
Roles of Notch in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Proliferation After Injury

The stem cells found in many tissues of adult organisms can regenerate differentiated cells to maintain tissue homeostasis. The stem cell niche is the microenvironment that provides the signals required for maintenance of self-renewing adult stem cells, thus ensuring a constant supply of progenitors throughout the entire life of an organism (Morrison and Spradling Cell 2008). In mammals, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a small population of progenitor cells that differentiate into diverse types of blood cells including lymphocytes, dendritic cells, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and myeloid cells (Tsiftsoglou et al. Pharm and Therap 2009). During development HSCs are generated mainly in the mammalian liver, but after birth they migrate to the bone marrow where they are maintained in a perisinusoidal niche and facilitate adult hematopoiesis (Ding et al. Nature 2012). HSCs and lineage-restricted progenitor populations must undergo massive expansion during differentiation to repopulate rapidly turned-over blood cells. As a result, loss or mis-regulation of HSCs quickly exhibits major affects on the derived cell populations (Kiel and Morrison Nat Rev Immunol 2008). Therefore, it is not surprising that there are a wide variety of leukemias associated with the hematopoietic lineages. Signaling pathways originating from the niche are often mis-regulated in cancer and in degenerative diseases. Thus, understanding their molecular nature and their cells of origin is critical to human health. Although several signaling pathways are mis-regulated in the initiation of leukemia, improper regulation of the well-characterized Notch pathway appears to be essential for most of these cancers (Klinakis et al. Nature 2011). Notch signaling is known to be involved in embryonic HSC generation and self-renewal, but its role in the adult niche in HSC maintenance and self-renewal is unclear (Bigas and Espinosa Blood 2012). Notch1 in adult HSC fate determination has been extensively analyzed, especially in the context of myeloid and lymphoid differentiation (Radke et al. Immunity 1999). The role for Notch at this step in differentiation has implications for cancers such as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (TALL) (Klinakis et al. Nature 2011). Recent reports, however, indicate that HSC identity does not depend on Notch signaling. In these studies, HSCs were not lost in vivo under basal, unstressed conditions when Notch or members of the Notch pathway were mutated or inhibited. The major phenotype was an alteration in the proportion of myeloid to lymphoblastic cells (Klinakis et al. Nature 2011; Maillard et al. Cell Stem Cell 2008). …
Lichen planus, primary biliary cirrhosis and penicillamine

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Using and Manipulating Probabilistic connectivity in Social Networks

Probabilistic connectivity problems arise naturally in many social networks. In particular the spread of an epidemic across a population and social trust inference motivate much of our work. We examine problems where some property, such as an infection or influence, starts from some initially seeded set of nodes and every affected node transmits the property to its neighbors with a probability determined by the connecting edge. Many problems in this area involve connectivity in a random-graph - the probability of a node being affected is the probability that there is a path to it in the random-graph from one of the seed nodes. We may wish to aid, disrupt, or simply monitor this connectivity. In our core applications, public health officials wish to minimize an epidemic’s spread over a population, and connectivity in a social network suggests how closely tied its users are. In support of these and other applications, we study several combinatorial optimization problems on random-graphs. We derive algorithms and demonstrate their effectiveness through simulation, mathematical proof, or both.
BimEL as a possible molecular link between proteasome dysfunction and cell death induced by mutant huntingtin

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded polyglutamine repeat within the N‐terminus of the huntingtin protein. It is characterized by a selective loss of medium spiny neurons in the striatum. It has been suggested that impaired proteasome function and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play important roles in mutant huntingtin (mHtt)‐induced cell death. However, the molecular link involved is poorly understood. In the present study, we identified the essential role of the extra long form of Bim (Bcl‐2 interacting mediator of cell death), BimEL, in mHtt‐induced cell death. BimEL protein expression level was significantly increased in cell lines expressing the N‐terminus of mHtt and in a mouse model of HD. Although quantitative RT‐PCR analysis indicated that BimEL mRNA was increased in cells expressing mHtt, we provided evidence showing that, at the post‐translational level, phosphorylation of BimEL played a more important role in regulating BimEL expression. Up‐regulation of BimEL facilitated the translocation of Bax to the mitochondrial membrane, which further led to cytochrome c release and cell death. On the other hand, knocking down BimEL expression prevented mHtt‐induced cell death. Taken together, these findings suggest that BimEL is a key element in regulating mHtt‐induced cell death. A model depicting the role of BimEL in linking mHtt‐induced ER stress and proteasome dysfunction to cell death is proposed.