Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of an auditory neuronal cell line suitable for cell transplantation

The auditory neuroblast cell line US/VOT‐N33 (N33), which is conditionally immortal, was studied as an in vitro model for the differentiation of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and as a candidate for cell transplantation in rodents. It expresses numerous molecular markers characteristic of auditory neuroblasts, including the transcription factors GATA3, NeuroD, Brn3a and Islet1, as well as the neuronal cytoskeletal protein β3‐tubulin. It displays active migratory behaviour in vitro and in vivo. In the presence of the fibroblast growth factors FGF1 or FGF2 it differentiates bipolar morphologies similar to those of native SGNs. In coculture with neonatal cochlear tissue it is repelled from epithelial surfaces but not from native SGNs, alongside which it extends parallel neuronal processes. When injected into the retina in vivo, EGFP‐labelled N33 cells were traced for 1–2 weeks and migrated rapidly within the subretinal space. Cells that found their way into the retinal ganglion cell layer extended multiple processes but did not express β3‐tubulin. The ability of N33 to migrate, to differentiate, to localize with native SGNs in vitro and to survive in vivo suggests that they provide an effective model for SGN differentiation and for cell transplantation into the ear.
Effect of Angular Deformities of the Proximal Femur on Impingement-Free Hip Range of Motion in a Three-Dimensional Rigid Body Model

Introduction Abnormalities in hip morphology can reduce range of motion (ROM) through femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Structural issues, such as asphericity of the head-neck junction and regional or global acetabular over-coverage, have been extensively discussed in the literature. The effect of varying femoral neck-shaft angle or torsion on native hip range of motion, however, has been poorly studied. Our hypothesis was that varying neck-shaft angles or femoral torsion affect the impingement-free ROM of the hip and can be treated by femoral osteochondroplasty or acetabular rim resection. Material and methods A computer-aided design tool and a 3-D model of the hip were used to simulate incremental deformation of the proximal femur. Neck-shaft angles ranging from 90-160°, and femoral torsions ranging from -15-50°, were created. Femoroacetabular impingement was defined as bone-to-bone contact within physiological hip ROM, as described in the literature. Results and conclusion With decreasing neck-shaft angles (≤110°) or femoral torsion (≤10°), impingement occurred at the anterosuperior rim area. With increasing neck-shaft angles (≥135°) and femoral torsion (≥25°) posteroinferior or ischiofemoral impingement occurred. Acetabular rim trimming could compensate for neck-shaft angles ≥90° and femoral torsion ≥-5°, without creating acetabular dysplasia. Femoral impingement zones in low neck-shaft and low femoral torsion angles were found to be distal to the head-neck junction at the mid-cervical region. The cross-sectional area at this neck region was the smallest, and thus osteochondroplasty at this location may prove potentially dangerous.
A reconfiguralbe hybrid coupler circuit for agile polarisation antenna

In this paper, we present a reconfigurable hybrid coupler suitable to feed any printed radiating element for full polarisation agility. The whole structure can alternatively radiate electromagnetic waves with orthogonal linear, right or left hand circular polarisation (CP) upon changing the state of the quasi-lumped hybrid coupler. A prototype is realized with a 0.762- mm-thick upper layer substrate and a 0.130-mm-thick feed layer substrate, both of the same dielectric material with a relative permittivity of epsivr=2.22. Simulated and measured matching, insertion loss, axial ratio, gain and radiation pattern are presented.
Acute Coronary Syndromes after Renal Transplantation in Patients with End‐Stage Renal Disease Resulting from Diabetes

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in both diabetes mellitus and end‐stage renal disease. Although renal transplantation is known to reduce mortality in end‐stage renal disease, its effect on the incidence of acute coronary syndromes is unknown. Using data from the United States Renal Data System, we studied 11 369 patients with end‐stage renal disease due to diabetes enrolled on the renal and renal‐pancreas transplant waiting list from 1 July 1994 to 30 June 1997. Cox nonproportional hazards regression models were used to calculate the adjusted, time‐dependent relative risk for the most recent hospitalization for acute coronary syndromes (including acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or other acute coronary syndromes, ICD9 Code 410.x or 411.x) for a given patient in the study period. Demographics and comorbidities were controlled by using data from the medical evidence form (HCFA 2728). After renal transplantation, patients had an incidence of acute coronary syndromes of 0.79% per patient year, compared to 1.67% per patient year prior to transplantation. In comparison to maintenance dialysis, renal transplantation was independently associated with a lower risk for acute coronary syndromes (hazard ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval, 0.30–0.49). Patients with end‐stage renal disease due to diabetes on the renal transplant waiting list were much less likely to be hospitalized for acute coronary syndromes after renal transplantation. The reasons for this decreased risk should be the subject of further study.
Amantadine as a regulator of internal ribosome entry site

AbstractAim:Studies of eukaryotes have yielded 2 translation initiation mechanisms: a classical cap-dependent mechanism and a cap-independent mechanism proceeding through the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). We hypothesized that it might be possible to identify compounds that may distinguish between cap-dependent translation and cap-independent IRES-mediated translation.Methods:To facilitate compound screening, we developed bicistronic reporter constructs containing a β-galactosidase gene (β-gal) and a secreted human placental alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene. Following transcription, the β-gal gene is translated by a cap-dependent mechanism, while SEAP expression is controlled by the IRES derived from either enterovirus 71 (EV-71) or encephalomyocardi-tis virus (EMCV). This assay could potentially identify compounds that inhibit SEAP expression (cap-independent) without affecting β-gal activity (cap-dependent). Results:Using a bicistronic plasmid-based transient transfection assay in the COS-1 cells, we identified amantadine, a compound that inhibited the IRES of EV71- and EMCV-mediated cap-independent translation but did not interfere with cap-dependent translation when the dose of amantadine was lower than 0.25 mg/mL.Conclusion:These results imply that amantadine may distinguish between cap-dependent translation and cap-independent IRES-mediated translation and can be used to regulate gene expression at a translational level.
A Pil1–Sle1–Syj1–Tax4 functional pathway links eisosomes with PI(4,5)P2 regulation

ABSTRACT Stable compartments of the plasma membrane promote a wide range of cellular functions. In yeast cells, cytosolic structures called eisosomes generate prominent cortical invaginations of unknown function. Through a series of genetic screens in fission yeast, we found that the eisosome proteins Pil1 and Sle1 function with the synaptojanin-like lipid phosphatase Syj1 and its ligand Tax4. This genetic pathway connects eisosome function with the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] in cells. Defects in PI(4,5)P2 regulation led to eisosome defects, and we found that the core eisosome protein Pil1 can bind to and tubulate liposomes containing PI(4,5)P2. Mutations in components of the Pil1–Sle1–Syj1–Tax4 pathway suppress the growth and morphology defects of TORC2 mutants, indicating that eisosome-dependent regulation of PI(4,5)P2 feeds into signal transduction pathways. We propose that the geometry of membrane invaginations generates spatial and temporal signals for lipid-mediated signaling events in cells.
Workplace Incivility and New Graduate Nurses’ Mental Health: The Protective Role of Resiliency

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between coworker, physician, and supervisor workplace incivility and new graduate nurses’ mental health and the protective role of personal resiliency. BACKGROUND: Positive interpersonal relationships in healthcare work environments are important for new graduate nurses’ career transition and commitment. Workplace incivility threatens new graduate nurses’ health and well-being. Personal resiliency helps employees to recover from negative stressors and may protect new nurses from the negative effects of workplace incivility. METHODS: We surveyed 272 new graduate nurses in Ontario to explore the influence of 3 forms of workplace incivility and personal resiliency on new nurses’ mental health. RESULTS: All sources of incivility were related to poor mental health. Results suggest that personal resiliency may protect nurses from the negative effects of incivility. CONCLUSIONS: New nurses are experiencing workplace incivility from a variety of sources in their work environments, which have detrimental effects on their workplace well-being.
Subintimal Angioplasty is Superior to SilverHawk Atherectomy for the Treatment of Occlusive Lesions of the Lower Extremities

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of atherectomy versus subintimal angioplasty (SIA) in patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease. Methods: From September 2005 through July 2006, 27 patients (17 women; mean age 65 years, range 37–85) underwent atherectomy of 46 lesions (11 TASC C/D occlusions) with the SilverHawk device. Results were compared to 67 patients (34 men; mean age 69 years, range 46–92) undergoing SIA for 67 lower extremity arterial occlusions from July 1999 through June 2004. Results: Technical success in the atherectomy cohort was 100%. In the 11 patients with occlusions, symptoms improved in 10 and worsened in 1, but 9 (82.0%) of the 11 patients required reintervention, and 8 (72.7%) patients with occlusive lesions re-occluded. Endovascular reintervention was required to maintain primary patency in only 2 (12.5%) of 16 patients treated for stenotic lesions. At 1 year, the assisted primary patency was 37.7% in the atherectomy group. In the 11 patients with occlusive lesions, the patency rates were 36.8% and 12.3% at 6 and 9 months, respectively, versus 100% and 83.3% at the same time intervals in patients with stenotic lesions. SIA was technically successful in 56 (83.6%) of 67 occlusions. The assisted primary patency and limb salvage rates of the entire group (intention-to-treat) at 12 and 24 months were 59.2% and 45.0%, respectively, while the assisted primary patency of the 56 technically successful SIAs at 12 and 24 months were 70.7% and 53.8%, respectively. Limb salvage for the entire group (intention-to-treat) was 90.6% and 87.9% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Conclusion: Atherectomy may yield acceptable primary patency and limb salvage in patients with stenotic lesions. Many of the patients treated for occlusive lesions require reintervention. Based on patency and limb salvage, SIA appears superior to atherectomy for the treatment of lower extremity occlusive disease.
Tax auditing interdependence among sub-central administrations

The tax administration parameters have scarcely been analyzed by the literature as relevant policymaking instruments; however the enforcement strategies are crucial elements of the tax management. In this paper we show that in a federal framework the tax auditing policies could represent additional tools on which regional institutions can interact between them. We develop a horizontal tax competition model with two tax instruments: the tax rate and the tax auditing rate in order to empirically test its findings. For what concern the tax auditing rate, the results are in line with the literature on tax rate competition: the Leviathan administrations compete in a race to the bottom in order to not lose the tax bases. In particular we find that the slope of the administration�s reaction function is positive. The empirical analysis starts with a study of the determinants of the tax administration. A suboptimal size of tax administration emerges. Some of the budgetary variables have a good explicative power but don�t represent the main effect at work. For this reason we formally introduce the tax competition. Testing for spatial interactions corroborates the horizontal tax competition hypothesis provided by the theoretical model. Controlling for horizontal tax competition the size of tax administration is optimal: the regional administrations are tamed by the mobility based competition.
Cognitive Bridging: Using Strategic Communication To Connect Abstract Goals With The Means To Achieve Them

ABSTRACT Three studies test several mechanisms of cognitive bridging, or how a strategic communication message functions to connect the abstract goal of an individual with the specific means to achieve the goal. Across all of the experiments (n = 276, n = 209, n = 145), it was demonstrated that participants who received an induced bridging mechanism were more likely to produce cognitive bridging outputs and report more abstract responses than participants who did not receive a bridging technique. We do not find the same pattern of results among participants who received an integrated bridging technique. Taken together, these studies provide evidence that how abstractly or concretely an individual is thinking can be influenced by abstraction cues planted within a strategic message, providing promise for messaging efforts at the moment of decision. In other words, the level of abstract thinking an individual is carrying into an exposure situation is possible to change using cues within the message itself. This is the first article to juxtapose the induced and integrated mechanisms of cognitive bridging.
Plasmonic Lithography: Recent Progress

Plasmonic lithography has received extensive attention as both a potential candidate for next generation lithography and as an interesting testbed to test the fundamental resolution limits of optical imaging and patterning. Owing to the utilization of the otherwise lost evanescent near fields containing high frequency information, surface plasmon‐based lithographic techniques can break the diffraction limit in conventional photolithography; resolution down to approximately 20 nm using visible light has been experimentally demonstrated, and theoretical studies have analyzed methods that have the potential for creating nanopatterns with sub‐10 nm resolution. This paper reviews the research progress and various modalities of plasmonic lithography, addresses current obstacles and problems, and provides an outlook for practical application.
Semi-implicit difference algorithm for solving the Black-Scholes equation with payment of dividend

Black-Scholes equation is the basic equation of option pricing in financial mathematics, it is important to study it's numerical solution in financial market. This paper constructs a new kind of semi-implicit difference scheme (asymmetric difference scheme) for solving Black-Scholes equation with payment of dividend. Secondly, it gives the convergence of scheme. Thirdly, the stability and error estimates are analyzed. Finally, the numerical examples show the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme; the computational cost of asymmetric scheme is approximately 95% less than Crank-Nicolson scheme. The scheme is better suitable for applying to calculate the option pricing in the demanding high level of instantaneity.
Bacteriuria, reflux, and renal scarring.

Much of the confusion in the discussion of these topics reflects differences of nomenclature not of fact, and a failure to relate the wide variation in severity both of reflux and of renal damage to their long-term implications. In this article, significant bacteriuria denotes the presence of actively multiplying organisms in the urinary tract and is indicated in girls by a pure growth of at least 105 organisms/ml on culturing two consecutive clean, fresh specimens of urine. Lesser counts may be significant in boys, as is any growth on culture of bladder urine obtained by suprapubic aspiration. Reflux is the backflow of urine from bladder to ureter. It is considered to be abnormal and varies in aetiology, severity, and prognosis. The 'renal damage' discussed is the scarring of chronic pyelonephritis, which is recognizable morphologically and radiologically by the irregular distribution of coarse scars with deformity or frank clubbing of a calyx directly associated with thinning of the overlying renal tissue. There is usually a reduction in renal size (Hodson, 1965). (Some authors have classified as chronic pyelonephritis kidneys which fail to show all three of these features and this has made the comparison of different studies more difficult.) The regular association of these findings with reflux has led to the introduction of the term 'reflux nephropathy' (Bailey, 1973), but until the precise mechanical role of reflux is more firmly established the use of the term 'chronic pyelonephritis' is perhaps preferable. Chronic pyelonephritis varies in degree from the unilateral single polar scar to more extensive scarring (which if bilateral may lead to impaired renal function), and to the small shrunken kidney usually found to have severe associated reflux and often hypertension. The association of bacteriuria with renal scarring is well known. Up to 25% of such children investigated, whether seen in hospital or discovered during screening programmes, are found to have some degree of renal scarring though this is likely to be of serious significance in no more than 10%. 20% of the University College Hospital series of children with chronic pyelonephritis had raised blood pressure and 10% had some degree of renal failure (Smellie et al., 1975). Similarly, children with coarsely scarred kidneys almost invariably have reflux. In a few, established chronic pyelonephritis has been reported in the absence of reflux, but in these the possibility that previously existing reflux had already disappeared cannot be excluded. The occasional persistence of paraureteric saccules or the finding of patulous ureteric orifices on cystoscopy in such children support this view. However, vascular, mechanical, or immunological factors as well as infection may contribute to the formation and progression of renal scars; and hypertension, obstruction, or areas of renal dysplasia as well as reflux may be important in individual children.
CONVECTION‐ENHANCED DELIVERY OF CINTREDEKIN BESUDOTOX (INTERLEUKIN‐13‐PE38QQR) FOLLOWED BY RADIATION THERAPY WITH AND WITHOUT TEMOZOLOMIDE IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED MALIGNANT GLIOMAS: PHASE 1 STUDY OF FINAL SAFETY RESULTS

OBJECTIVECintredekin besudotox (CB), a recombinant cytotoxin consisting of interleukin-13 and truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin, binds selectively to interleukin-13Rα2 receptors overexpressed by malignant gliomas. This study assessed the safety of CB administered by convection-enhanced delivery followed by standard external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with or without temozolomide (Temodar; Schering-Plough, Kenilworth, NJ) in patients with newly diagnosed malignant gliomas. METHODSAfter gross total resection of the tumor, two to four intraparenchymal catheters were stereotactically placed and CB (0.25 or 0.5 μg/mL) was infused for 96 hours. This was followed, 10 to 14 days later, by EBRT (5940–6100 cGy, 5 d/wk for 6–7 wk) with or without temozolomide (75 mg/m2/d, 7 d/wk during EBRT). Safety was assessed during an 11-week observation period after catheter placement RESULTSTwenty-two patients (12 men, 10 women; median age, 55 yr; 21 with glioblastoma multiforme and one with an anaplastic mixed oligoastrocytoma) were enrolled. None of the patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities in the first two cohorts (0.25 μg/mL CB + EBRT [n = 3] and 0.25 μg/mL CB + EBRT + temozolomide [n = 3]). One patient experienced a dose-limiting toxicity (Grade 4 seizure) in the third cohort (0.5 μg/mL CB + EBRT [n = 6]). Six patients in the final cohort (0.5 μg/mL CB + EBRT + temozolomide [n = 10]) completed treatment, and one patient experienced a dose-limiting toxicity (Grade 3 aphasia and confusion). Four patients were not considered evaluable for a dose decision and were replaced. CB related adverse events occurring in more than one patient were fatigue, gait disturbance, nystagmus, and confusion. No Grade 3 to 4 hematological toxicities were observed. CONCLUSIONCB (0.5 μg/mL) administered via convection-enhanced delivery before standard radiochemotherapy seems to be well tolerated in adults with newly diagnosed malignant gliomas. Further clinical study assessment is warranted.
Stress among the APS-Prepared TBCs: Testing and Analysis

Stress state in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) has an influence on the service property and safety of coatings. The stress in TBCs should be characterized and measured. This is helpful for the guidance of design and preparation, the study of failure mechanism and the promotion of application of TBCs. This chapter reviewed the research progress on the stress measurement for air plasma spray (APS)-prepared TBCs. The origin and category of stress during preparation process and service were discussed. Then, the measurement technology and characterization method for stress in APS-prepared TBCs were focused. The common stress measurement techniques such as X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence piezospectroscopy, curvature measurement, material removal and indentation method were detailed. Furthermore, some suggestions were presented for the future work by summarizing the shortcomings of the exiting research.
Towards a Model-Driven Approach for Planning a Standard-Based Migration of Enterprise Applications to SOA

As SOA adoption trend accelerates withinindustry, enterprises, especially those with large application portfolio, need to carefully plan for their SOA migration. We propose an abstract, model-driven and vendor-independent SOA migration planning approach. Represented as a sequence of model transformation steps, our approach seeks to transform existing use cases into standard-based SOA service model and map this to a legacy model to generate a migration path model which can be used to identify alternative migration options an enterprise could consider. This approach can help enterprise application management team plan for an effective SOA migration effort and maximize SOA adoption benefits
RESIDENTIAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION DURING MASTER AND INDIVIDUAL METERING WITH A NOTE ON THE UTILITY OF DEGREE DAY WEATHER CONVERSION STATISTICS.

Electricity consumption data of four, all-electric apartment complexes were evaluated before and after conversion from master to individual meters. The effects of meter conversion were evaluated by an analysis of covariance. Of three degree-day statistics assessed for their adequacy as covariates, the sum of the absolute values of heat days and cool days was found to be best for this analysis. Results indicate significantly less electricity was consumed in the individual meter condition than in the master meter condition for all four complexes. Additional analyses suggest electricity consumption is less affected by temperature fluctuations in the individual meter condition than in the master meter condition. The emergent field of behavioral ecology concerns itself with the relationship between human behavior and environmental issues with current or potential impact on the quality of life on this planet [ 1 , 2 ] . An area of much recent interest is energy conservation. Behavioral strategies have been employed to encourage the conservation of natural gas [2] and fuel oil [3 ] , but most efforts have been in the area of electricity conservation. While patterns of electricity consumption have received some attention [4] , most investigators have *Portions of these data were presented at the 7th Annual Convention of the Association for Behavior Analysis, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 1981.