Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International entrepreneurial capabilities:The role of networks in the small multinational enterprise

Interest in entrepreneurial internationalisation, i.e. the pursuit of business opportunities across national borders through the orientation of individuals and firms towards innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, autonomy and competitive aggressiveness, has increased over the past two decades. Interest in these types of behaviours has suggested that the internationalisation of firms is no longer a slow, incremental, undertaking. Thus, the field of International Entrepreneurship has broadened insights into these activities by examining firms that engage in international activities from inception, or International New Ventures (INV). This thesis aims to broaden the field of international entrepreneurship by considering these activities outside of the INV. While there is much work on the internationalisation activities of multinational enterprises (MNEs), little consideration has been given to the entrepreneurial activities of those running the firms as to how their internationalisation may occur. Drawing on parallels from the corporate entrepreneurship literature, which essentially divorces the act of entrepreneurship from the act of starting a new venture, this thesis addresses this gap. It explores how the small MNE (sMNE), with between two and five international subsidiaries, utilises international entrepreneurial capabilities and networks to drive renewal in the organisation, in order to identify opportunities, develop -international markets, acquire overseas subsidiaries, and create new products and services. To achieve this aim, a single case study approach-of a UK based engineering and services sMNE was undertaken and critical realist methodology to seek causal explanations of entrepreneurial internationalisation was applied. The findings demonstrated the entrepreneurial drive of key figureheads in the sMNE helped sustain the international entrepreneurial capabilities of the sMNE and its subsidiaries. International autonomy enabled the sMNE subsidiaries to pursue new international markets, to develop new product and service innovation, and diversify into new markets. In addition, international autonomy nurtured human capital within the sMNE subsidiaries, while human and network capital, i.e. the knowledge and ability to develop beneficial ties, enabled individuals to be alert to international opportunities and act on them accordingly.
Electromagnetic-Simulation Program With Integrated Circuit Emphasis Modeling, Analysis, and Design of 3-D Power Delivery

Accurate modeling and estimation of 3-D power network electrical performance are vitally important to aid 3-D integration and packaging design. This paper, for the first time, combines the electromagnetic (EM) simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis simulations to evaluate the electrical performance of a 3-D power network, which consists of Cu through-silicon-vias (TSVs), solders, micro-solders, and on-chip power grids. We intentionally partition a real stack-up structure of 3-D power network into separated components, electromagnetically extract all the passive elements resistance, inductance, conductance, and capacitance (RLGC) for each component at certain frequency points of interest. We then assemble all the components again into a corresponding equivalent circuit model and import EM-extracted RLGC values to analyze the overall 3-D system power performance. The number of stacked integrated circuits, floorplanning of TSVs/micro-solders, operating frequency of 3-D system, characteristics of decoupling capacitance, size of on-chip power grids, parasitics of power wires/vias/solders/TSVs/micro-solders, voltage supply, and waveform parameters of current loads are examined, unveiling several 3-D power delivery design implications.
Fusion de sources d'information définies sur des référentiels non exhaustifs différents : solutions proposées sous le formalisme de la théorie de l'évidence

En traitement de l'information, une approche multi-sources permet d'apporter des ameliorations notables dans de nombreux contextes d'application. Cette approche suppose au depart que les sources sont definies sur un meme referentiel compose des hypotheses d'interet pour le probleme traite. Cependant, dans la pratique, il est souvent difficile, voire meme impossible, compte tenu de l'information disponible, de modeliser les sources sur un meme referentiel. Les processus de combinaison existants ne sont alors plus applicables. Par exemple, une application de reconnaissance supervisee lorsque l'apprentissage est incomplet se trouve dans cette situation. En effet, la seule demarche possible consiste a modeliser une source sur les hypotheses pour lesquelles l'apprentissage est disponible. La complementarite de l'apprentissage sur les hypotheses nous conduira alors le plus souvent a des sources definies sur de referentiels differents. Cette these s'interesse donc a la possibilite de combiner ce type de sources particulieres. Le formalisme de la theorie de l'evidence a ete choisi comme ayant le cadre conceptuel le mieux adapte pour traiter cette situation. Sous ce formalisme, nous avons propose differentes solutions que nous avons situees les unes par rapport aux autres sur un plan theorique. Nous les avons ensuite comparees sur la base de simulations parametrees ainsi que sur une application de teledetection.
Early organ dysfunction affects long-term survival in acute pancreatitis patients.

BACKGROUND The effect of early organ dysfunction on long-term survival in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients is unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to ascertain whether early organ dysfunction impacts on long-term survival after an episode of AP. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed using survival data sourced from a prospectively maintained database of patients with AP admitted to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh during a 5-year period commencing January 2000. A multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) score of ≥ 2 during the first week of admission was used to define early organ dysfunction. After accounting for in-hospital deaths, long-term survival probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier test. The prognostic significance of patient characteristics was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox's proportional hazards methods. RESULTS A total of 694 patients were studied (median follow-up: 8.8 years). Patients with early organ dysfunction (MODS group) were found to have died prematurely [mean survival: 10.0 years, 95% confidence interval (CI) 9.4-10.6 years] in comparison with the non-MODS group (mean survival: 11.6 years, 95% CI 11.2-11.9 years) (log-rank test, P = 0.001) after the exclusion of in-hospital deaths. Multivariate analysis confirmed MODS as an independent predictor of long-term survival [hazard ratio (HR): 1.528, 95% CI 1.72-2.176; P = 0.019] along with age (HR: 1.062; P < 0.001), alcohol-related aetiology (HR: 2.027; P = 0.001) and idiopathic aetiology (HR: 1.548; P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Early organ dysfunction in AP is an independent predictor of long-term survival even when in-hospital deaths are accounted for. Negative predictors also include age, and idiopathic and alcohol-related aetiologies.
Advance in Pre-Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Paeoniflorin, a Major Monoterpene Glucoside from the Root of Paeonia lactiflora

Paeoniflorin (PF) is one of the main bioactive components of total glucosides of paeony (TGP) extracted from the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. TGP exhibit various biological activities such as improvement in memory, hepatoprotection, antimutagenic properties and platelet aggregation inhibition. The aim of this paper is to review the pharmacokinetics (PK) of PF as a pure compound and in single or multiple herb(s) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions. The distribution of PF or PF in TCM fitted one or two compartmental model after oral administration or intravenous injection, respectively. However, PF has a low bioavailability (BA) in rabbit (7.24%) and rat (3.24%) after oral administration. The PK profiles and BA of PF were remarkably improved when co-administered with sinomenine or glycyrrhizin acid. The PK profiles and BA of PF in Radix Paeonia Rubra (RP-R) and Jing-zhi guan-xin were improved, but in co-administration of RP-R with Radix Angelicae Sinensis, the BA was significantly reduced. PK profiles and BA of PF in Shan yao gan-cao tang or Danggui-Shaoyao-San was either remarkably improved or not. However, neither the PK profiles nor the BA of PF in Radix paeonia alba, Huangqin-tang Si ni san or Tang-Min-Ling-Wan was improved. Metabolism in the liver did not play any role in the low oral BA of PF. The low BA was thus attributed to poor permeation due to low lipophilicity, P-glycoprotein mediated efflux, intestinal bacteria and hydrolytic degradation in the intestine by the intestinal brush border lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) and certain esterases. These findings show the in vivo course of PF and provide information on the maximum biological actions of PF that may help traditional Chinese herbal medicinal practitioners.
Pelvic Paraganglioma

heochromocytomas located outside the adrenal glands are called paragangliomas. Approximately 18% of pheochromocytomas are paragangliomas. A pelvic location is rare; the most common location is the retroperitoneal space, arising from neural crest cells. Paragangliomas are malignant in 29% to 40% of cases. There is a familial history in 30% of patients. The lesions are multiple in 30% of cases but in less than 5% of nonfamilial types. We present a case of pelvic paraganglioma and discuss its clinical presentation, its morphologic appearance (as seen on 3-dimensional [3D] power Doppler ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], positron emission tomographic [PET] imaging, and [123I]metaiodobenzylguanidine [MIBG] scintigraphy), and its pathologic correlation. When a pheochromocytoma is suspected, one of these imaging techniques should be performed to localize the tumor and help plan surgical removal.
The Role of Risk Factors in the Development of Atherosclerosis

Our understanding of risk factors for atherogenesis has changed significantly over the last decade. In addition to better grasp of the mechanism of action of the "classic" (causal) risk factors, a number of potentially important new factors has emerged. In this review we briefly summarize the evidence of the relation between atherosclerosis and the currently recognized causal risk factors, namely, age, smoking, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes. More emphasis has been put on description of the emerging entities such as atherogenic profile of plasma lipoproteins with discussion of LDL and HDL subclasses, Lp(a), homocysteine, and, last but not least, on the role of infection and inflammation in atherogenesis. Whenever possible, we tried to summarize the relevant lines of evidence such as epide-miological, pathological, genetic, and clinical trial data linking the specific factor with atherosclerosis.
Metabolism of Bismuth Subsalicylate and Intracellular Accumulation of Bismuth by Fusarium sp. Strain BI

ABSTRACT Enrichment cultures were conducted using bismuth subsalicylate as the sole source of carbon and activated sludge as the inoculum. A pure culture was obtained and identified as a Fusarium sp. based on spore morphology and partial sequences of 18S rRNA, translation elongation factor 1-α, and β-tubulin genes. The isolate, named Fusarium sp. strain BI, grew to equivalent densities when using salicylate or bismuth subsalicylate as carbon sources. Bismuth nitrate at concentrations of up to 200 μM did not limit growth of this organism on glucose. The concentration of soluble bismuth in suspensions of bismuth subsalicylate decreased during growth of Fusarium sp. strain BI. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy revealed that the accumulated bismuth was localized in phosphorus-rich granules distributed in the cytoplasm and vacuoles. Long-chain polyphosphates were extracted from fresh biomass grown on bismuth subsalicylate, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry showed that these fractions also contained high concentrations of bismuth. Enzyme activity assays of crude extracts of Fusarium sp. strain BI showed that salicylate hydroxylase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase were induced during growth on salicylate, indicating that this organism degrades salicylate by conversion of salicylate to catechol, followed by ortho cleavage of the aromatic ring. Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity was not detected. Fusarium sp. strain BI grew with several other aromatic acids as carbon sources: benzoate, 3-hydroxybenzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, gentisate, d-mandelate, l-phenylalanine, l-tyrosine, phenylacetate, 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, and phenylpropionate.
A New Method for Analyzing Correlations Among Currency Exchange Rates

The correlation between different currency exchange rates has been studied for many years and a number of techniques have been developed. In this paper, we present a new algorithm to analyze the correlation between exchange rates based on biclustering. This algorithm is comprised of two parts. In the first part, the fast Hough transform is used to detect the lines in the exchange rate pair space. This phase is also called sub-biclustering and every line identified represents a sub-bicluster. In the second part, the sub-biclusters are combined based on comparison and merging. Experiment results show that this biclustering algorithm is very effective. The bicluster patterns are consistent with the underlying economic reasons.
TRICHOSTASIS SPINULOSA AND ITS MANAGEMENT

—Six patients with trichostasis spinuiosa are described. The distribution of the multiple hairs was confined to the trunk and limbs. Investiiiations have shown that the multiple hairs (6 20) are enveloped in a keratinous sheath which projects above the skin surface and is responsible for the patient's symptoms. Keratolytics and other topical agents have proved unhelpful, but treatment with depilatory wax has been successful. After removal of the hairs with wax, keratolytics were more effective.
Sequences in the human c-myc P2 promoter affect the elongation and premature termination of transcripts initiated from the upstream P1 promoter

A conditional block to transcription elongation provides one mechanism for controlling the steady-state levels of c-myc RNA in mammalian cells. Although prematurely terminated c-myc RNAs are not detectable in mammalian cells, truncated c-myc RNAs with 3' ends that map near the end of the first exon are transcribed from human c-myc templates injected into Xenopus oocytes germinal vesicles. A series of linker scanner and deletion mutants within the c-myc P2 promoter was tested in the Xenopus oocyte injection assay to determine the potential contribution of promoter elements to the elongation or premature termination of c-myc transcription. Although this analysis failed to identify sequences in the P2 promoter that significantly affect the elongation or termination of P2-initiated transcripts, our results suggest that sequences within the P2 promoter contribute to the premature termination of transcripts initiated at the upstream P1 promoter. A subset of these sequences is essential for the efficient elongation of P1-initiated transcripts through intrinsic sites of termination at the end of exon 1. These sequences affect P1 elongation when they are downstream of the site of initiation, and we hypothesize that they may be analogous to a class of prokaryotic elements required for antitermination.
Where to Place Product Reviews? An Information Search Process Perspective

Online product reviews could be presented as expert reviews and user reviews. However, a fundamental question that is not fully understood, and which this study addresses, is: Where should product reviews be displayed so as to positively affect a consumer’s decision-making performance? We focus on evaluating the impact of the placements and the source of reviews (i.e., the pre-screening or post-screening display of experts’ or users’ comments) on consumer behavior. Building on the underpinnings of Kuhlthau’s model of information search process, we propose that the Expert-User product review provision (i.e., placing the expert reviews before the screening stage and the user reviews after the screening stage) will lead to higher purchase decision performance than the User-Expert product review provision. We subsequently designed an experiment to validate the proposition. The results reveal that the Expert-User product review provision would lead to a higher purchase decision performance than the User-Expert product review provision, in terms of both the decision process and decision outcome.
A Study of MIS Scholar Community Development via a Collaboration Network Structures Analysis

The objective of this study is to apply collaborative networks to understanding the development process of the Management Information System (MIS) journals’ knowledge community. This research explores four phenomena: whether a co-author network depends on star collaborators, whether this network is a small world, the structural cohesion within the co-author network, and central scholars. We found that the MIS community has a small-world structure and high structural cohesion, so the MIS network is a dense cluster. Another finding was that a small number of researchers receive disproportionate recognition in MIS communities, indicating the presence of preferential attachment. This means that the MIS network contains clear star authors. Furthermore, we infer how a structural network affects knowledge diffusion and information diffusion. In addition, this study discusses changes in each journal’s central scholars to observe patterns of publication for each journal published by a private for-profit organization or sponsored by academic societies.
Stock Price Fluctuations and Corporate Forecasts Disclosure: Evidence from an Emerging Market

This research investigates the relation between forecasting report disclosure and stock price fluctuations. The first hypothesize examine if there is a relation between two variables among companies which lead to fluctuation in the stock price and the second hypothesize examined these variables over research industries. Capital market reacts to new information–in most casesat least one month before the official date of the disclosure. We found evidence of fluctuation in stock prices before disclosure indicate that information was released to the market before official disclosure. In the other word, stock prices react to the unofficially released information and rumors to the market around the releasing new officially disclosure date. This fraudulent attempt was initiated by price manipulation in cases which we don’t see significant price change during forecasted disclosure even if there are significant change in reported earning values. This investigation indicates that there is a significant relationship between releasing forecasted information and stock price fluctuations in the selected listed companies in TSE.
Statistical Text Line Analysis in Handwritten Documents

In this paper we present an approach for text line analysis and detection in handwritten documents based on Hidden Markov Models, a technique widely used in other handwritten and speech recognition tasks. It is shown that text line analysis and detection can be solved using a more formal methodology in contraposition to most of the proposed heuristic approaches found in the literature. Our approach not only provides the best position coordinates for each of the vertical page regions but also labels them, in this manner surpassing the traditional heuristic methods. In our experiments we demonstrate the performance of the approach (both in line analysis and detection) and study the impact of increasingly constrained "vertical layout language models" on text line detection accuracy. Through this experimentation we also show the improvement in quality of the baselines yielded by our approach in comparison with a state-of-the-art heuristic method based on vertical projection profiles.
CDK 5 activator protein p 25 preferentially binds and activates GSK 3 β

NEUROSCIENCE Correction for “CDK5 activator protein p25 preferentially binds and activates GSK3β,” by Hei-Man Chow, Dong Guo, Jie-Chao Zhou, Guan-Yun Zhang, Hui-Fang Li, Karl Herrup, and Jie Zhang, which appeared in issue 45, November 11, 2014, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (111:E4887–E4895; first published October 20, 2014; 10.1073/pnas.1402627111). The authors note that the following statement should be added to the Acknowledgments: “This work was also supported by the Research Grants Council (RGC) of Hong Kong (GRF660813) (to K.H.). ”
The relationship between innovation and the financial structure with consideration of the moderating role of the generational stage of family businesses.

This research aims to empirically test the relationship between the financial structure and innovation in family businesses. The notion of innovation is, indeed, a sustainability factor for family businesses which favors the conceptual incorporation into the capital structure of family businesses. This paves us the way to analyze the relationship by mobilizing the theory of resources. This research also enables us to verify the moderating role of the generational stage in this relationship. The model estimates are based on a sample of panel data collected over the period 2003-2012 for 100 unlisted French Family firms. The main results indicate that all the traditional determinants of the financial structure, except ROA, play an important role in the financing policy of these firms. We can perceive that innovation can affect the choice of financing and can, also, play a significant role in the choice of debt maturity. Moreover, the financial structure of these family businesses slowly but surely converges towards its target level. “Corporate Governance: Search for the Advanced Practices” Rome, February 28, 2019
PKR and GCN2 Kinases and Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2B (eIF2B) Recognize Overlapping Surfaces on eIF2α

ABSTRACT Four stress-responsive protein kinases, including GCN2 and PKR, phosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) on Ser51 to regulate general and gene-specific protein synthesis. Phosphorylated eIF2 is an inhibitor of its guanine nucleotide exchange factor, eIF2B. Mutations that block translational regulation were isolated throughout the N-terminal OB-fold domain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae eIF2α, including those at residues flanking Ser51 and around 20 Å away in the conserved motif K79GYID83. Any mutation at Glu49 or Asp83 blocked translational regulation; however, only a subset of these mutations impaired Ser51 phosphorylation. Substitution of Ala for Asp83 eliminated phosphorylation by GCN2 and PKR both in vivo and in vitro, establishing the critical contributions of remote residues to kinase-substrate recognition. In contrast, mutations that blocked translational regulation but not Ser51 phosphorylation impaired the binding of eIF2B to phosphorylated eIF2α. Thus, two structurally distinct effectors of eIF2 function, eIF2α kinases and eIF2B, have evolved to recognize the same surface and overlapping determinants on eIF2α.
Centrally coordinated power aware route selection for MANETs

Devices in wireless networks, especially in ad hoc networks, are typically battery-powered. The need for energy efficiency in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) requires power enhancement features. Our work provides energy oriented power controlled mechanism to efficiently utilize the energy reserves and increase the network lifetime. The central idea is to select a Lead Node that will centrally manage the energy levels of the various nodes in an Energy Table (ET). The route is selected based on per node instead of per flow to avoid the drainage of a particular network node or path.