Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Event information extraction using link grammar

In this paper, we present a scheme for identifying instances of events and extracting information about them. The scheme can handle all events with which an action can be associated, which covers most types of events. Our system basically tries to extract semantic information from the syntactic structure given by the link grammar system described by D. Sleator and D. Temperly (1991) to any English sentence. The instances of events are identified by finding all sentences in the text where the verb, which best represents the action in the event, or one of its synonyms/hyponyms occurs as a main verb. Then, information about that instance of the event is derived using a set of rules which we have developed to identify the subject and object as well as the modifiers of all verbs and nouns in any English sentence, making use of the structure given by the link parser. The scheme was tested on the Reuters corpus and gave recall and precision even up to 100%.
How Online Faculty Improve Student Learning Productivity

Ten experienced online faculty were interviewed to elicit examples of how they improved student learning productivity in their online courses. The ten faculty represented nine different states, 13 different fields or disciplines, and all were tenured or tenure-track at master’s or doctoral level higher education institutions. Based on a thematic analysis of the examples given, improvement in student learning occurred by 1) increasing student access to content, 2) changing the role of faculty (which had two parts: increasing access to and changing faculty roles), 3) increasing interaction with students, 4) emphasizing student effort (including use of experiential learning, group work, learning to learn, and feedback), 5) connecting to the “real world,” and 6) focusing on time. These findings suggest that faculty can and do find ways to use different tools in different ways to improve student learning productivity.
On the use of tolerant graded inclusions in information retrieval

In this contribution, a fuzzy-set-based information retrieval model is considered. First, we show that the retrieval mechanism of such a retrieval model can be defined in terms of graded inclusion. This approach derives from the notion of division of fuzzy relations in the framework of Database Management Systems. Then, we point out different lines of extension of the graded inclusion aimed at making it more tolerant (to exceptions, in particular). It is shown that the use of such tolerant inclusion indicators reduces the risk of obtaining empty answers. MOTS-CLES : Modele flou de recherche d'information, inclusion graduelle, inclusion tolerante, relations floues, termes d'index ponderes, requetes ponderees.
Institutional Repository Face pose estimation from eyes and mouth

Face pose estimation plays an important role in human computer interaction, automatic human behavior analysis, gaze estimation, virtual reality, pose independent face recognition etc. Accuracy and speed are the most desirable features of a face pose estimation system. In this paper, a face pose estimation scheme based on the centers of the eyes and mouth is proposed. The proposed method is simple and is, therefore, very effective in terms of computation because it uses only three points i.e. eyes and mouth centers. The use of only three points increases the pose estimation range and makes the method suitable for real time applications. Tests using the Pointing’ 04 database show that the proposed scheme is robust and fast.
Positive Time-Out: And Over 50 Ways to Avoid Power Struggles in the Home and the Classroom

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A Network Perspective of Digital Competition in Online Advertising Industries: A Simulation-Based Approach

Using agent-based simulation experiments, we investigate the outcome of SAs between two smaller online search engine companies in competition with a dominant market leader in settings where an advertiser's decision making is the consequence of a combination of NI (e.g., an individual's willingness to follow others' decisions) and IP. In particular, we focus on a context in which the combined search engine company competes with a market leader holding a larger share of the market than the two runner-up “underdogs” combined. Our results indicate that, with the presence of NI and cascading effects, an alliance with “only” 35%--40% combined market share could compete with a leader whose market share, at the time of an alliance, is 60%--65%. Although important, size alone might be insufficient to build the market as suggested by the “vanilla” network effect theory. Another noteworthy finding is that a nonlinear association exists between NI and an alliance outcome; the combined runner-up companies have the best chance of success when the extent of NI is midrange, rather than on the high or low end of continuum. Contrary to the conventional view, this finding might also stimulate discussions among network science researchers. Furthermore, our results suggest that NI substantially moderates the relationship between the combined market share at the time of an alliance and the likelihood of resulting alliance success.
Factors influencing organizational change efforts: An integrative investigation of change content, context, process and individual differences

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the integrative influence of content, context, process, and individual differences on organizational change efforts. , – Data were collected from employees involved in a recent de‐merger. Using structural equation modeling, a hypothesized model that integrated individual differences with change content, context, and process factors was tested. , – Results led to the acceptance of a model indicating that change context mediated the relationship between individual differences and change process and content. Similarly, change content and process mediated the relationship between change context and organizational change commitment. , – Owing to the nature of the study, inferences of causality cannot be made. Additionally, common method bias may be a concern because criterion and response variables were collected at the same time. , – An organization's prior change history (i.e. context) has the potential to negatively influence change success. In order to counteract these effects, change agents should concentrate on clearly communicating the change details (i.e. process) to employees. , – This study is one of the first to integrate factors common to all change efforts, i.e. content, context, process and individual differences. Further, it elaborates on how these factors interact to influence change success.
The role of family conflict as a moderator of alcoholism outcomes among offspring of alcoholics

Objective: To examine family conflict as an environmental factor that may moderate the impact of high genetic risk for alcoholism on alcohol-related outcomes among offspring. Method: Mother-child conflict was tested as a potential moderator of AUD among offspring at high genetic-high environmental risk for alcoholism and offspring at high genetic-low environmental risk for alcoholism. Results: The influence of mother-child conflict (as reported by mother and by offspring) on the likelihood of offspring development of AUDs varied as a function of genetic and environmental risk status. Conclusions: Findings suggest that family conflict has a greater impact on likelihood of AUD development among offspring at high genetic-high environmental risk than among offspring at high genetic-low environmental risk for alcoholism. Background Literature In their twin family study of alcoholism, Jacob et al (2003) demonstrated that family environment plays a significant role in the development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) among offspring at different degrees of genetic and environmental risk for alcoholism. Specifically, a comparison of offspring at high genetic and high environmental risk (that is, children of alcoholics) with offspring at high genetic and low environmental risk (i.e. offspring of unaffected fathers with alcohol-dependent monozygotic co-twins) revealed that a low-risk environment serves to moderate the impact of high genetic risk on the development of AUDs in offspring. The association of parental alcoholism with high-risk environments, such as high levels of family conflict, is well documented in the literature. Children of alcoholics (COAs) are more likely to be exposed to marital conflict and to report conflict in their relationships with their parents (Filstead, McElfresh, & Anderson, 1981; Reich, Earls, & Powell, 1988). In turn, marital and parentchild conflict have been linked consistently to negative outcomes, including increased likelihood of developing alcohol-related problems (Tarter, 2002). The current study examined familial conflict as it relates to offspring AUD to determine the degree to which this component of the family environment may serve to moderate alcohol outcomes among high-risk offpsring.
Detection of an autoreactive T-cell population within the polyclonal repertoire that undergoes distinct autoimmune regulator (Aire)-mediated selection

The autoimmune regulator (Aire) plays a critical role in central tolerance by promoting the display of tissue-specific antigens in the thymus. To study the influence of Aire on thymic selection in a physiological setting, we used tetramer reagents to detect autoreactive T cells specific for the Aire-dependent tissue-specific antigen interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), in the polyclonal repertoire. Two class II tetramer reagents were designed to identify T cells specific for two different peptide epitopes of IRBP. Analyses of the polyclonal T-cell repertoire showed a high frequency of activated T cells specific for both IRBP tetramers in Aire−/− mice, but not in Aire+/+ mice. Surprisingly, although one tetramer-binding T-cell population was efficiently deleted in the thymus in an Aire-dependent manner, the second tetramer-binding population was not deleted and could be detected in both the Aire−/− and Aire+/+ T-cell repertoires. We found that Aire-dependent thymic deletion of IRBP-specific T cells relies on intercellular transfer of IRBP between thymic stroma and bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells. Furthermore, our data suggest that Aire-mediated deletion relies not only on thymic expression of IRBP, but also on proper antigen processing and presentation of IRBP by thymic antigen-presenting cells.
Pattern of synaptic excitation and inhibition upon direction‐selective retinal ganglion cells

The distributions of excitatory and inhibitory synapses upon the dendritic arbor of a direction‐selective retinal ganglion cell were compared by triple‐labeling techniques. The dendrites were visualized by confocal microscopy after injection of Lucifer yellow. Excitatory inputs from bipolar cells were located by using antibodies against kinesin II, a component of synaptic ribbons. Inhibitory inputs were identified by antibodies against γ‐aminobutyric acid‐A receptors. The combined images were examined by visual inspection and by formal, automated analyses, in a search for anisotropies that might contribute to a directional preference of the ganglion cell. Within the limits of our analysis, none was found. If an anatomic specialization underlies direction selectivity, it appears to lie in the geometry and spatial positioning of the neurons afferent to the ganglion cell and/or the microcircuitry among its afferent synapses. J. Comp. Neurol. 449:195–205, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stroke Incidence and 30-Day Case-Fatality in a Suburb of Tbilisi: Results of the First Prospective Population-Based Study in Georgia

Background and Purpose— Although stroke is one of the main public health problems worldwide, no study of stroke incidence has been performed in Georgia, and therefore, a population-based registry was established to determine the incidence and case-fatality rates of first-ever stroke. Methods— We identified all first-ever strokes between November 2000 and July 2003 in a defined population of 51 246 residents in the Sanzona suburb of Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, using overlapping sources of information and standard diagnostic criteria. Results— A total of 233 first-ever strokes occurred during the study period. The crude annual incidence rate was 165 (95% CI, 145 to 188) per 100 000 residents. The corresponding rate adjusted to the standard “world” population was 103 (95% CI, 89 to 117). In terms of stroke subtype, the crude annual incidence rate per 100 000 inhabitants was 89 (95% CI, 74 to 106) for ischemic stroke, 44 (95% CI, 34 to 57) for intracerebral hemorrhage, 16 (95% CI, 10 to 25) for subarachnoidal hemorrhage, and 16 (95% CI, 10 to 25) for unspecified stroke, and the corresponding case-fatality rates at 1 month were 19.2%, 48.4%, 47.8%, and 69.6%. Conclusion— The overall stroke incidence rate in an urban population of Georgia is comparable to those reported in developed countries. As for the stroke subtypes, there is an excess of hemorrhagic strokes compared with other registries. Geographical and lifestyle variations may explain these findings, whereas inadequacy of the stroke care system in Georgia might contribute to the high case-fatality.
Hydraulic Failure Defines the Recovery and Point of Death in Water-Stressed Conifers[OA]

This study combines existing hydraulic principles with recently developed methods for probing leaf hydraulic function to determine whether xylem physiology can explain the dynamic response of gas exchange both during drought and in the recovery phase after rewatering. Four conifer species from wet and dry forests were exposed to a range of water stresses by withholding water and then rewatering to observe the recovery process. During both phases midday transpiration and leaf water potential (Ψleaf) were monitored. Stomatal responses to Ψleaf were established for each species and these relationships used to evaluate whether the recovery of gas exchange after drought was limited by postembolism hydraulic repair in leaves. Furthermore, the timing of gas-exchange recovery was used to determine the maximum survivable water stress for each species and this index compared with data for both leaf and stem vulnerability to water-stress-induced dysfunction measured for each species. Recovery of gas exchange after water stress took between 1 and >100 d and during this period all species showed strong 1:1 conformity to a combined hydraulic-stomatal limitation model (r2 = 0.70 across all plants). Gas-exchange recovery time showed two distinct phases, a rapid overnight recovery in plants stressed to <50% loss of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) and a highly Ψleaf-dependent phase in plants stressed to >50% loss of Kleaf. Maximum recoverable water stress (Ψmin) corresponded to a 95% loss of Kleaf. Thus, we conclude that xylem hydraulics represents a direct limit to the drought tolerance of these conifer species.
Radicalness of Technological Inventions and Young Venture Performance—The Role of Technological Competition and Product Diversity

Opportunities often emerge in the form of technological inventions that offer ways to create or deliver new value to prospective customers across a broad range of industries. This study investigates how the radicalness of technological inventions is tied to performance (sales growth) in young technology-based ventures. Using a combination of survey and patent data from 85 spin-offs from public research institutions in Germany, we identify the degree of technological competition and product diversification as important moderators in the relationship between technological radicalness and venture performance. Radicalness is found to have a positive impact on sales growth when competition in the particular technology field is high and when the venture's product portfolio is not diversified. Overall, these findings contribute to a better understanding of when and how ventures can successfully exploit radical technological inventions.
Bayesian statistical methods for audio and music processing

This article focuses on the use of Bayesian statistical methods in audio and music processing in the context of an application to multipitch audio and determining a musical ‘score’ representation that includes pitch and time duration summary for a musical extract (the so-called ‘piano-roll’ representation of music). It first provides an overview of mainstream applications of audio signal processing, the properties of musical audio, superposition and how to address it using the Bayesian approach, and the principal challenges facing audio processing. It then considers the fundamental audio processing tasks before discussing a range of Bayesian hierarchical models involving both time and frequency domain dynamic models. It shows that Bayesian analysis is applicable in audio signal processing in real environments where acoustical conditions and sound sources are highly variable, yet audio signals possess strong statistical structure.
The Unspecified Temporal Criminal Event: What is Unknown is Known with Aoristic Analysis and Multinomial Logistic Regression

Environmental criminologists begin their study of crime by asking where and when crimes occur. Police databases contain information on the temporal nature of criminal events and some criminal events, such as burglary and automotive theft, are reported over an unspecified time period or time range/window—there is a start time and an end time but no actual time of occurrence. Recent work on this subject has manifested in a relatively new technique, aoristic analysis, which estimates the probability of a criminal offence occurring within a certain time span. This technique is a great step forward from previous temporal analysis techniques and has great utility for law enforcement personnel when analyzing range data. However, it is important that analysts use caution when databases contain abundances of extreme time ranges. In order to facilitate the comparative analyses of the temporal aspects of crime, an alternative technique is suggested, multinomial logistic regression, which incorporates the advantages of aoristic analysis and extends the analysis of the temporal criminal event into the realm of inferential statistics.
Low rate audio coder with hierarchical filterbanks and lattice vector quantization

We describe a perceptual audio coder that employs nonuniform hierarchical filterbanks and entropy-coded lattice vector quantization. The nonuniform filterbanks present a good match to critical-band sampling, and they avoid the complications of block-size adjustment during signal transients. An entropy-coded lattice vector quantizer provides efficient quantization and coding of the filterbank samples. The coder achieves "transparent" quality at a rate of 96 kb/s, and efficient algorithms exist for the filterbank and vector quantizer subsystems. <<ETX>>
Dezocine Antagonizes Morphine Analgesia upon Simultaneous Administration in Rodent Models of Acute Nociception.

BACKGROUND Dezocine is a powerful analgesic that can be less addictive than morphine, yet how the two drugs interact in vivo is poorly understood. Here we administered dezocine alone or in combination with morphine to different acute nociception paradigms to explore the interactions of the 2 drugs upon co-administration. OBJECTIVE To evaluate how dezocine interacts with morphine in different acute nociception paradigms. STUDY DESIGN Laboratory animal study. SETTING Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. METHODS Healthy mice were treated with saline, dezocine (0.625 - 2.5 µg), or a combination of dezocine with morphine (2.5 µg). Tail withdrawal latency (TWL) was analyzed prior to and 30 minutes after drug administration. Rats were treated with saline, morphine (3 mg/kg), dezocine (3 mg/kg), or a combination of both drugs. The animals were then left uninjured, subjected to plantar incision, or underwent formaldehyde-induced acute inflammation. Nociception was then analyzed in terms of mechanical threshold (MT) to von Frey stimulation and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to thermal stimulation. Formaldehyde-induced pain score was calculated based on the duration of biting and elevating of the animal's legs. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) was also measured after plantar incision as a molecular index of nociception. RESULTS Dezocine enhanced TWL but inhibited morphine analgesia in a dose-dependent fashion in mice. Usage of morphine or dezocine alone in uninjured rats increased MT, but co-administering both drugs did not further increase MT. Usage of one drug alone, and both drugs together increased MT and PWL relative to saline at 30 minutes after incision. Usage of one drug alone, but not both drugs together, increased MT and PWL at 120 minutes after incision. Dezocine reduced formaldehyde-induced nociception but co-administering both drugs did not further reduce pain behavior. LIMITATIONS The results were obtained from animal study; clinical investigations will be needed to clarify their interaction. CONCLUSION Dezocine antagonizes morphine analgesia on acute nociception upon simultaneous administration.Key words: Dezocine, morphine, acute nociception, analgesia.
Sentinel Scheduling with Recovery Blocks

This paper introduces a method for speculative execution, sentinel scheduling with recovery blocks, which is an improvement upon sentinel scheduling. This method is compared against speculative models that have been proposed previously. The hardware and compiler support needed for sentinel scheduling with recovery blocks is fully described. Quantitative results of speedup and code growth are presented for 14 benchmark programs. This method was fully implemented with the IMPACT compiler. Sentinel scheduling with recovery blocks is shown to have a low hardware cost, while achieving good performance results. Index terms speculative execution, sentinel scheduling, computer architecture, compilers, static scheduling, recovery blocks, instruction-level parallelism, potentially excepting instructions