Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental expression of neuromodulators in the central complex of the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria

The central complex is a major integrative region within the insect brain with demonstrated roles in spatial orientation, the regulation of locomotor behavior, and sound production. In the hemimetabolous grasshopper, the central complex comprises the protocerebral bridge, central body (CB), ellipsoid body, noduli, and accessory lobes, and this modular organization develops entirely during embryogenesis. From a biochemical perspective, a range of neuroactive substances has been demonstrated in these modules of the adult central complex, but little is known about their developmental expression. In this study, we use matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐imaging mass spectrometry on single brain slices to confirm the presence of several peptide families (tachykinin, allatostatin, periviscerokinin/pyrokinin, FLRFamide, and neuropeptide F) in the adult central complex and then use immunohistochemistry and histology to examine their developmental expression, together with that of the indolamin serotonin, and the endogenous messenger nitric oxide (NO; via its synthesizing enzyme). We find that each neuromodulator is expressed according to a unique, stereotypic, pattern within the various modules making up the central complex. Neuropeptides such as tachykinin (55%) and allatostatin (65%), and the NO‐synthesizing enzyme diaphorase (70%), are expressed earlier during embryonic development than the biogenic amine serotonin (80%), whereas periviscerokinin‐like peptides and FLRFamide‐like peptides begin to be expressed only postembryonically. Within the CB, these neuroactive substances are present in tangential projection neurons before they appear in columnar neurons. There is also no colocalization of serotonin‐positive and peptide‐positive projections up to the third larval instar during development, consistent with the clear dorsoventral layering of the neuropil we observe. Our results provide the first neurochemical fingerprint of the developing central complex in an hemimetabolous insect. J. Morphol. , 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein expression profiles in human breast ductal carcinoma and histologically normal tissue

Reference two‐dimensional (2‐D) gels are presented for human breast ductal carcinoma and histologically normal tissue. Whole biopsy fragments were analyzed, including epithelial and nonepithelial components. Thirty‐five spots have been assigned by gel matching to the human liver SWISS‐2DPAGE reference map and/or to the human primary keratinocyte IPG map from the Danish Center for Human Genome. N‐terminal microsequencing was applied to confirm randomly chosen matching assignments and to identify six new spots. Protein expression profiles in ductal carcinoma and in normal breast tissue appeared to be similar, except for a pattern consisting of 32 spots, which were highly expressed in all carcinoma specimens, and less intense and occasionally undetectable in normal tissue. This difference was statistically significant. Assignment has been obtained for several spots, namely GRP94, GRP78, GRP75, mitochondrial HSP60, calreticulin, protein disulfide isomerase, peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase, collagen‐binding protein 2, fructose bisphosphate aldolase, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, cytochrome c oxidase VA subunit, tubulin β isoform and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). The cancer‐ and tissue‐specificity of the described pattern was assessed by matching to the Swiss‐2DPAGE human liver, hepatoma, lymphoma, erythroleukemia reference maps. The pattern of 32 spots was found to be indicative of epithelial neoplasia.
Lack of Stakeholder Influence on Pollution Prevention

In a developing country context, this study explores environmental awareness, stakeholder influence strategies, and pollution prevention roles among 11 local, civil society groups (e.g., environmental nongovernmental organizations [NGOs] is one grouping; media and press is another grouping). A theoretical framework that builds on the social movement literature and is more inclusive of a developing country context is offered. In essence, awareness-raising is also considered a stakeholder influence strategy. Based on surveys conducted in Chittagong, Bangladesh, the results of this empirical study show that 10 of the 11 groups were environmentally aware; however, only the environmental NGOs were willing to influence the other groups. The environmental NGOs were actively raising awareness, but they were not directly influencing firms or the federal government on pollution prevention. These findings challenge the generalization of current stakeholder influence theory to a developing country context and raise concerns about the capacity of local civil society to encourage pollution prevention.
Sociological Theory and Social Reality

This paper pretends to demonstrate the complementary relations between three relatively recent sociological theories, each one of which explains a different aspect of the same social object: the origin, diffusion and change of social and cultural values, aiming at demonstrating that there is not such a thing as a sociological theory that explains all, but rather diverse theories that offer partial explanations of social reality. To that effect, and on the basis of the necessary relationship between theory and research, three different theories are evaluated separately: Hawley’s and Duncan’s theory of the social ecosystem, Galtung’s centre-periphery theory, and Inglehart’s theory of values’ change in modern-industrial societies, offering theoretical and empirical evidence of their complementary relations, based on Spanish and international data. Social ecosystem and centre-periphery theories show a high level of generalization (through space and time) and a high level of abstraction, though both can easily operationalize their main concepts through valid and reliable indicators. The theory of values’ change, however, though showing a high level of generalization, is limited in time to the historical period after World War II, and also shows a high level of abstraction. Centre-periphery theory and values’ change theory use individual and collective units of analysis, but social ecosystem theory only uses collective units, by definition. The three theories lead to the conclusion that ‘security’ values will gain a growing importance in present societies.
emotional states in virtual characters

according to the personality traits and the experienced emotions. We consider an emotional state as the layer between personality and emotion. The proposed affective model offers a mapping between emotions and emotional states. To evidence emotional states of a virtual character, we can attribute them facial expressions based on their associated emotions. Facial expressions for intermediate emotions are generated automatically from expressions for universal emotions. The experiments show coherent emotional states produced by a simulated story. They also present how the corresponding emotions were represented through dynamic and static facial expressions. Finally, the obtained results demonstrate the satisfactory recognition by a group of people unfamiliar with the work described. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceptions of the uses of routine general practice data beyond individual care in England: a qualitative study

Objective To investigate how different lay and professional groups perceive and understand the use of routinely collected general practice patient data for research, public health, service evaluation and commissioning. Design, method, participants and setting We conducted a multimethod, qualitative study. This entailed participant observation of the design and delivery of a series of deliberative engagement events about a local patient database made of routine primary care data. We also completed semistructured interviews with key professionals involved in the database. Qualitative data were thematically analysed. The research took place in an inner city borough in England. Results Of the community groups who participated in the six engagement events (111 individual citizens), five were health focused. It was difficult to recruit other types of organisations. Participants supported the uses of the database, but it was unclear how well they understood its scope and purpose. They had concerns about transparency, security and the potential misuse of data. Overall, they were more focused on the need for immediate investment in primary care capacity than data infrastructures to improve future health. The 10 interviewed professionals identified the purpose of the database in different ways, according to their interests. They emphasised the promise of the database as a resource in health research in its own right and in linking it to other datasets. Conclusions Findings demonstrate positivity to the uses of this local database, but a disconnect between the long-term purposes of the database and participants’ short-term priorities for healthcare quality. Varying understandings of the database and the potential for it to be used in multiple different ways in the future cement a need for systematic and routine public engagement to develop and maintain public awareness. Problems recruiting community groups signal a need to consider how we engage wider audiences more effectively.
Relapse of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

We report five children who had recurrent central nervous system signs after conventional acyclovir therapy for herpes simplex encephalitis. Secondary exacerbation was characterized clinically by severe ballismic movement disorder in all five children, associated with fever, impairment of consciousness, and seizures. Biologic analysis in all children and magnetic resonance imaging and neuropathology studies of the brain in three cases were compatible with inflammatory reaction. In contrast, all viral cultures remained negative, herpes simplex virus antigen in one child and DNA tested by polymerase chain reaction in four children were undetectable in the first samples of cerebrospinal fluid during the relapse, suggesting a postinfectious, immune-mediated mechanism of relapse in these patients. (J Child Neurol 1995;10:363-367).
Judging Fiction Books By the Cover: an Examination of the Effects of Sexually Charged Cover Images

Book covers–a communication means with nebulous boundaries between an ad, a package, and the product itself–have received virtually no attention in research on communication effects. Here, this void is addressed by an examination of one frequently employed front cover design practice–the juxtaposition of a sexually charged image, the book’s title and the author’s name. An experimental approach, involving two fiction books, showed that (a) the presence of cover images with sexual content affected customers’ beliefs about the books’ sexual content and (b) such beliefs contributed to a sense-making process involving emotions, attitudes, and intentions to read the book.
Clinical Features and Complete Genome Characterization of a Distinct Human Rhinovirus (HRV) Genetic Cluster, Probably Representing a Previously Undetected HRV Species, HRV-C, Associated with Acute Respiratory Illness in Children

ABSTRACT Although human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are common causes of respiratory illness, their molecular epidemiology has been poorly investigated. Despite the recent findings of new HRV genotypes, their clinical disease spectrum and phylogenetic positions were not fully understood. In this study, 203 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs), negative for common respiratory viruses (83 were human bocavirus [HBoV] positive and 120 HBoV negative), from hospitalized children during a 1-year period were subjected to reverse transcription-PCR for HRV. HRV was detected in 14 NPAs positive and 12 NPAs negative for HBoV. Upon VP4 gene analysis, 5 of these 26 HRV strains were found to belong to HRV-A while 21 belonged to a genetic clade probably representing a previously undetected HRV species, HRV-C, that is phylogenetically distinct from the two known HRV species, HRV-A and HRV-B. The VP4 sequences of these HRV-C strains were closely related to the newly identified HRV strains from the United States and Australia. Febrile wheeze or asthma was the most common presentation (76%) of HRV-C infection, which peaked in fall and winter. Complete genome sequencing of three HRV-C strains revealed that HRV-C represents an additional HRV species, with features distinct from HRV-A and HRV-B. Analysis of VP1 of HRV-C revealed major deletions in regions important for neutralization in other HRVs, which may be signs of a distinct species, while within-clade amino acid variation in potentially antigenic regions may indicate the existence of different serotypes among HRV-C strains. A newly identified HRV species, HRV-C, is circulating worldwide and is an important cause of febrile wheeze and asthmatic exacerbations in children requiring hospitalization.
Autofocus of active beacons for measuring the tow-path of a synthetic aperture sonar: preliminary sea test results

We present operational details and preliminary experimental results of a portable freely-deployed "active beacon" used to perform motion compensation on images from the KiwiSAS-IV synthetic aperture sonar. The beacon sits on the seabed, listens for sonar pings using a matched filter, and retransmits in a different frequency band after a fixed time delay. The sonar forms a separate image containing just this point-target, blurred by towfish motion, with a high SNR and no contamination from close range objects. Autofocus algorithms tailored for point targets are then applied to estimate the sonar path. The experimental results are from the first sea test in a shallow marina environment and reveal several areas where improvement needs to be made before good results can be achieved. The main problems encountered were multipath and nulls in the sonar beampattern
Automated test‐data generation for exception conditions

This paper presents a technique for automatically generating test‐data to test exceptions. The approach is based on the application of a dynamic global optimization based search for the required test‐data. The authors' work has focused on test‐data generation for safety‐critical systems. Such systems must be free from anomalous and uncontrolled behaviour. Typically, it is easier to prove the absence of any exceptions than proving that the exception handling is safe. A process for integrating automated testing with exception freeness proofs is presented as a way forward for tackling the special needs of safety critical systems. The results of a number of simple case‐studies are presented and show the technique to be effective. The major result shows the application of the technique to a commercial aircraft engine controller system as part of a proof of exception freeness. This illustrates how automated testing can be effectively integrated into a formal safety‐critical process to reduce costs and add value. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
All‐Metallic Vertical Transistors Based on Stacked Dirac Materials

It is an ongoing pursuit to use metal as a channel material in a field effect transistor. All metallic transistor can be fabricated from pristine semimetallic Dirac materials (such as graphene, silicene, and germanene), but the on/off current ratio is very low. In a vertical heterostructure composed by two Dirac materials, the Dirac cones of the two materials survive the weak interlayer van der Waals interaction based on density functional theory method, and electron transport from the Dirac cone of one material to the one of the other material is therefore forbidden without assistance of phonon because of momentum mismatch. First‐principles quantum transport simulations of the all‐metallic vertical Dirac material heterostructure devices confirm the existence of a transport gap of over 0.4 eV, accompanied by a switching ratio of over 104. Such a striking behavior is robust against the relative rotation between the two Dirac materials and can be extended to twisted bilayer graphene. Therefore, all‐metallic junction can be a semiconductor and novel avenue is opened up for Dirac material vertical structures in high‐performance devices without opening their band gaps.
A Symmetrical Four-Port Microstrip Coupler for Crossover Application

A symmetrical four-port microstrip coupler has been proposed for crossover application. Models have also been developed to provide insight into the performance of such a coupler, which is based on the double-ring design. Laboratory tests have confirmed that the measured isolation and return loss of the prototype coupler exceed 20 dB over a bandwidth of 20% (from 0.92 to 1.12 GHz).
Sleep‐disordered breathing in children is associated with impairment of sleep stage‐specific shift of cardiac autonomic modulation

We examined the effects of sleep stages and sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) on autonomic modulation in 700 children. Apnea hypopnea index (AHI) during one 9 h night‐time polysomnography was used to define SDB. Sleep stage‐specific autonomic modulation was measured by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis of the first available 5 min RR intervals from each sleep stage. The mean [standard deviation (SD)] age was 112 (21) months (49% male and 25% non‐Caucasian). The average AHI was 0.79 (SD = 1.03) h−1, while 73.0%, 25.8% and 1.2% of children had AHI <1 (no SDB), 1–5 (mild SDB) and ≥5 (moderate SDB), respectively. In the no SDB group, the high frequency (HF) and root mean square SD (RMSSD) increased significantly from wake to Stage 2 and slow wave sleep (SWS), and then decreased dramatically when shifting into rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In the moderate SDB group, the pattern of HRV shift was similar to that of no SDB. However, the decreases in HF and RMSSD from SWS to REM were more pronounced in moderate SDB children [between‐group differences in HF (−24% in moderate SDB versus −10% in no SDB) and RMSSD (−27% versus −12%) were significant (P < 0.05)]. The REM stage HF is significantly lower in the moderate SDB group compared to the no SDB group [mean (standard error): 4.49 (0.43) versus 5.80 (0.05) ms2, respectively, P < 0.05]. Conclusions are that autonomic modulation shifts significantly towards higher parasympathetic modulation from wake to non‐rapid eye movement sleep, and reverses to a less parasympathetic modulation during REM sleep. However, the autonomic modulation is impaired among children with moderate SDB in the directions of more reduction in parasympathetic modulation from SWS to REM sleep and significantly weaker parasympathetic modulation in REM sleep, which may lead to higher arrhythmia vulnerability, especially during REM sleep.
Heart rate variability: indicator of user state as an aid to human-computer interaction

This preliminary study explores the use of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) as an indicator of user state. In the study, a visual display is used to vary the levels of a complexity factor to assess the impact on user mental effort in a monitoring task Mental effort is measured both subjectively and physiologically. Two findings indicate the potential value of HRV. First, user ERV showed significant discriminatory sensitivity to the manipulation of the independent variable on the basis of domain experience. Second, HRV appeared to indicate the point at which user capacity to process targets was exceeded. Results warrant further investigation but suggest the use of HRV as a tool for design and analysis of user interfaces, and as a research basis for use as component of an adaptive interface.
AMSR-E advanced wind speed retrieval algorithm and its application to marine weather systems

The physical-based algorithm for the sea surface wind speed W retrieval from Aqua AMSR-E passive microwave measurements is considered. The brightness temperatures T<inf>B</inf><sup>V</sup>(24) at 23.8 GHz and T<inf>B</inf><sup>V</sup>(36) at 36.5 GHz with vertical (V) polarization and T<inf>B</inf><sup>H</sup>(11) at 10.7 GHz with horizontal (H) polarization and results of computations of the brightness temperature of the calm ocean surface T<inf>Boc</inf><sup>H</sup>(11) are used at first to estimate contribution of the atmosphere to T<inf>B</inf><sup>H</sup>(11), then increment of T<inf>Boc</inf><sup>H</sup>(11) caused by wind action and at last wind speed. The developed algorithm is applied to AMSR-E data obtained in the Northwest Pacific Ocean over extratropical cyclones with gale winds. The retrieved fields of wind speed are compared with scatterometer-derived fields and the surface analysis maps.
Appealing children: UK audiences’ responses to the use of children in humanitarian communications

Empathy, vulnerability and identification play an important role in the wish to protect children who are perceived to be helpless, blameless and therefore the ideal victim. This article offers an empirically based discussion of responses to humanitarian communications depicting children. Although most participants recognized that a communication involving a child has immediate impact, overall they displayed a reflexive and critical awareness of their own propensity to automatically empathize in response, with many expressing irritation for being manipulated. The study suggests that focusing exclusively on a de-contextualized and dyadic ‘audience-victim’ relationship offers only partial insight into audiences’ responses and reactions. Instead, it is argued that the usefulness of the use of children in humanitarian communication can be properly gauged only in the context of media saturation, audiences being sophisticated and media-savvy about appeals and communications, and a general attitude of distrust and dissatisfaction with the marketization of NGOs.
Structure of a tRNA-dependent kinase essential for selenocysteine decoding

Compared to bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes employ an additional enzyme for the biosynthesis of selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st natural amino acid (aa). An essential RNA-dependent kinase, O-phosphoseryl-tRNASec kinase (PSTK), converts seryl-tRNASec to O-phosphoseryl-tRNASec, the immediate precursor of selenocysteinyl-tRNASec. The sequence of Methanocaldococcus jannaschii PSTK (MjPSTK) suggests an N-terminal kinase domain (177 aa) followed by a presumed tRNA binding region (75 aa). The structures of MjPSTK complexed with ADP and AMPPNP revealed that this enzyme belongs to the P-loop kinase class, and that the kinase domain is closely related to gluconate kinase and adenylate kinase. ATP is bound by the P-loop domain (residues 11–18). Formed by antiparallel dimerization of two PSTK monomers, the enzyme structure shows a deep groove with positive electrostatic potential. Located in this groove is the enzyme's active site, which biochemical and genetic data suggest is composed of Asp-41, Arg-44, Glu-55, Tyr-82, Tyr-83, Met-86, and Met-132. Based on structural comparison with Escherichia coli adenylate kinase a docking model was generated that assigns these amino acids to the recognition of the terminal A76-Ser moieties of Ser-tRNASec. The geometry and electrostatic environment of the groove in MjPSTK are perfectly complementary to the unusually long acceptor helix of tRNASec.