Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-resolution storage-ring measurements of the dissociative recombination of H3+ using a supersonic expansion ion source

We have performed measurements of the dissociative electron recombination (DR) of H + at the ion storage ring TSR utilizing a supersonic expansion ion source. The ion source has been characterized by continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy. We present high-resolution DR rate coefficients for different nuclear spin modifications of H + combined with precise fragment imaging studies of the internal excitation of the H + ions inside the storage ring. The measurements resolve changes in the energy dependence between the ortho-H + and para-H + rate coefficients at low center-of-mass collision energies. Analysis of the imaging data indicates that the stored H + ions may have higher rotational temperatures than previously assumed, most likely due to collisional heating during the extraction of the ions from the ion source. Simulations of the ion extraction shed light on possible origins of the heating process and how to avoid it in future experiments.
The local power of fixed-T panel unit root tests allowing for serially correlated errors

The asymptotic power properties of fixed-T panel unit root tests allowing for serially correlated error terms are examined by deriving their asymptotic local power functions. This is done for dynamic panel data models allowing for individual effects or individual effects and incidental trends. For the first model, the paper shows that an instrumental variables (IV) based test statistic, which exploits orthogonal moment conditions of the demeaned by their initial observations individual series of the panel, performs better than least squares (LS) tests based on the "within group" transformation of the series. Allowing for serial correlation reduces the power of the IV based test. This reduction however is unimportant in the case of positive serial correlation of the error terms. For the panel data model with incidental trends, the paper shows that LS based test statistics relying on "within group" or forward deviations transformations of the data have non-trivial power in the natural root-N neighbourhood of unity, if the errors terms are negatively correlated. This power is retained even in panels with small N. For the IV based test statistic, the asymptotic local power function constitutes a poor approximation of its true power, even in large N panels.
Two-Step P2P Traffic Classification with Connection Heuristics

The basis of P2P traffic control is to classify P2P traffic accurately. Several methods such as port-based, signature-based, pattern-based and statistics-based method have been proposed for P2P traffic classification. However, as P2P applications have tried to avoid being easily detected, it becomes hard to classify P2P traffic accurately using only one method. In this paper, we propose an improved two-step P2P traffic classifier by combining signature-based classifier with connection heuristics in packet-level, and statistics-based classifier in flow-level. With connection heuristics, our scheme detects P2P traffic quickly in packet-level classification and reduces the amount of computation. Through verification with real datasets, we show that our two-step scheme has high accuracy and low overhead compared to simple combination of signature-based scheme and statistics-based scheme.
Compensation of Cross Coupling in Multiple-Receiver Wireless Power Transfer Systems

Simultaneous wireless charging of multiple devices is a unique advantage of wireless power transfer (WPT). Meanwhile, the multiple-receiver configuration makes it more challenging to analyze and optimize the operation of the system. This paper aims at providing a general analysis on the multiple-receiver WPT systems and compensation for the influence of the cross coupling. A two-receiver WPT system is first investigated as an example. It shows that theoretically by having derived optimal load reactances, the important system characteristics can be preserved, such as the original system efficiency, input impedance, and power distribution when there is no cross coupling between receivers. The discussion is then extended to general multiple-receiver WPT systems with more than two receivers. Similar results are obtained that show the possibility of compensating the cross coupling by having the derived optimal load reactances. Finally, the theoretical analysis is validated by model-based calculation and final experiments using real two- and three-receiver systems.
A technology to expose a cluster as a service in a cloud

Clouds refer to computational resources (in particular, clusters) that are accessible as scalable, on demand, pay-as-you-go services provided in the Internet. However, clouds are in their infancy and lack a high level abstraction. Specifically, there is no effective discovery and selection service for clusters and offer little to no ease of use for clients. Here we show a technology that exposes clusters as Web services in the form of a Cluster as a Service for publishing via WSDL, discovering, selecting and using clusters.
A Phrase-based Ontology Enabled Semantic Processing System for Web Search

Semantic processing system (SPS) is a system that performs phrase search of web content. SPS takes a user query in natural language, converts it to a keyword query, expands the keyword query with synonyms, hypernyms, hyponyms, and meronyms, and presents the keyword query to a search engine. SPS then sifts through the search engine result pages extracting grammatical and semantic information from each page for computing the page’s relevance to the natural language query. SPS' relevance computation uses semantic matching of phrases rather than term-and-document frequency weighting—a method that is most commonly used by existing web search engines. SPS consults an ontology that is both “crowd-sourced,” i.e., built collaboratively and incrementally by the large number of users and “auto-learned,” i.e., contextually inferred from sentences containing desired words. SPS would be suitable for the areas of biomedical literature mining, legal document review and discovery, and news/RSS feed monitoring because these are laden with prose text. We implemented a prototype SPS, experimented with it and demonstrate that SPS outperforms a representative keyword based search engine. The strength of SPS stems from its exploitation of phrase semantics, which is not used in the conventional search engines.
A Parallel Algorithm for Reconfiguring a Multibutterfly Network with Faulty Switches

This paper describes a deterministic algorithm for reconfiguring a multibutterfly network with faulty switches. Unlike previous reconfiguration algorithms, the algorithm is performed entirely by the network, without the aid of any off-line computation, even though many of the switches may be faulty. The algorithm reconfigures an N-input multibutterfly network in O(logN) time. After reconfiguration, the multibutterfly can tolerate f worst-case faults and still route any permutation between some set of N/spl minus/O(f) inputs and N/spl minus/O(f) outputs in O(log N) time. >
Kernelized cross-modal hashing for multimedia retrieval

Cross-modal hashing has received more and more attention because of its fast query speed and low storage cost. In this paper, we propose a flexible yet simple cross-modal hashing method to deal with the problem of cross-modal retrieval. The proposed method consists of two steps. In the first phase, we use a kernel canonical correlation analysis method named Anchor kernel canonical correlation analysis (AKCCA) to map data from different modalities into a common kernel space. In the second phase, we use the method named Supervised Hashing with Kernels (KSH) to learn hashing functions bit by bit. These two useful ingredients are combined seamlessly to achieve promising results. Experimental results on a benchmark dataset demonstrate that our method performs better than several state-of-the-art methods.
Moving Foreground Detection Based on Modified Codebook

This paper presents a modified codebook model for real-time moving foreground detection. The proposed method is an effective combination of background modeling and motion detection. Without a long training sequence, the background model can be represented in a compressed form, a series of codebooks, which means sample background values for each pixel are quantized into codebooks that can used in detection process. In this way, we can capture the structural variation of background in different conditions such as periodic-like motion , hostile environment or change of scene caused by moving object over a long period of time under limited memory. Compared with the original codebook model, this proposed method is more efficient in computation and takes up less memory. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective, quick for motion detection, and can meet the demands of real-time applications.
Energy efficient cellular automaton based algorithms for mobile wireless sensor networks

We design new cellular automaton based algorithms to improve coverage in a network with mobile sensors. The algorithms can be useful in applications where sensors are initially deployed in one place and need to disperse to the environment autonomously, or in situations where in certain areas sensors may be destroyed (e.g. due to a natural disaster), and the sensors need to use their mobility in order to restore coverage. We propose a cellular automaton model that divides the neighborhood of a cell into four (North West, North East, South West and South East) quadrants and the sensors try to find out the directions where they can move to increase the coverage. We compared our model with a previous model for different initial configurations and have found that our model reaches a comparable coverage more quickly. Our algorithms use two parameter values to guide the movements of the sensors. Especially with the best choices of the parameter values, our algorithms require the sensors to make considerably fewer atomic movements than the earlier algorithm. For mobile sensor networks, energy consumption is largely determined by the amount of movement, and minimizing movement will increase the life time of the network.
Pivot viewer based visualization of information analysis

Pivot Viewer takes efficiency of analysis and interaction with excessive data online to a brand new level. This paper depicts its info-graphic novelty and instructs system design. With such application, users can make better choices and decisions by getting more value from thousands of pieces of information at once and viewing relationships between the items.
ON BRAIDED TENSOR CATEGORIES OF TYPE BCD IMRE TUBA AND HANS WENZL

We give a full classi cation of all braided semisimple tensor categories whose Grothendieck semiring is the one of Rep O(1) (formally), Rep O(N) , Rep Sp(N) or of one of its associated fusion categories. If the braiding is not symmetric, they are completely determined by the eigenvalues of a certain braiding morphism, and we determine precisely which values can occur in the various cases. If the category allows a symmetric braiding, it is essentially determined by the dimension of the object corresponding to the vector representation.
Circular Sector Patch Hybrid Coupler With an Arbitrary Coupling Coefficient and Phase Difference

This paper presents, for the first time, a patch coupler configuration that can be designed with an arbitrary coupling coefficient and phase difference at the output ports. Four circular sector patches are combined to form the patch coupler resulting in ease of design and fabrication. To demonstrate and verify this, a patch quadrature coupler configuration is proposed to realize a wide range of coupling coefficients by adjusting the radii of each quadrant. To extend this concept of an arbitrary coupling coefficient for 180$^{\circ}$ patch couplers, different patterns are etched underneath the circular patch to realize the required power division ratio while maintaining good impedance matching and desired phase characteristics at the input/output ports. Finally, a circular patch coupler is demonstrated to exhibit an arbitrary phase difference between output ports maintaining an equal power division.
Multifaceted Population Structure and Reproductive Strategy in Leishmania donovani Complex in One Sudanese Village

Leishmania species of the subgenus Leishmania and especially L. donovani are responsible for a large proportion of visceral leishmaniasis cases. The debate on the mode of reproduction and population structure of Leishmania parasites remains opened. It has been suggested that Leishmania parasites could alternate different modes of reproduction, more particularly clonality and frequent recombinations either between related individuals (endogamy) or between unrelated individuals (outcrossing) within strongly isolated subpopulations. To determine whether this assumption is generalized to other species, a population genetics analysis within Leishmania donovani complex strains was conducted within a single village. The results suggest that a mixed-mating reproduction system exists, an important heterogeneity of subsamples and the coexistence of several genetic entities in Sudanese L. donovani. Indeed, results showed significant genetic differentiation between the three taxa (L. donovani, L. infantum and L. archibaldi) and between the human or canine strains of such taxa, suggesting that there may be different imbricated transmission cycles involving either dogs or humans. Results also are in agreement with an almost strict specificity of L. donovani stricto sensu to human hosts. This empirical study demonstrates the complexity of population structure in the genus Leishmania and the need to pursue such kind of analyses at the smallest possible spatio-temporal and ecological scales.
A UTOMATIC I DENTIFICATION OF W EED S EEDS BY C OLOR I MAGE P

The analysis and classification of seeds are essential activities contributing to the final added value in the crop production. Besides varietal identification and cereal grain grading, it is also of interest in the agricultural industry the early identification of weeds from the analysis of strange seeds, with the purpose of chemically controlli ng their growth. The implementation of new methods for reliable and fast identification and classification of seeds is thus of major technical and economical importance. Like the manual identification work, the automatic classification of seeds should be based on knowledge of seed size, shape, color and texture. In this work we present a study of the discriminating power of morphological, color and textural characteristics of weed seeds, which can be measured from video images. This study was conducted on a large basis, considering images of weed seeds found in Argentina’s commercial seed production industry and listed by the Secretary of Agriculture as prohibited and primaryand secondary-tolerated weeds. We first describe the experimental setting and hardware used to capture the seed images. Then, we define the morphological, color and textural parameters measured from these images, and discuss the selection of the most relevant ones for identification purposes. Finally, we present results for the identification of test images obtained using a Naive Bayes classifier and a committee of Artificial Neural Networks.
The Internet, Local Participation and Democracy: An Institutionalist Approach

This thesis analyses Internet-based strategies for the enhancement of political participation in the context of British local government. In particular, the thesis explores the extent to which the Internet is used by local authorities for participation purposes and aims to reveal the limitations of such an enterprise. The research is based on a case study approach and qualitative analysis. The primary data source is a set of semi-structured interviews with elected and appointed actors in three selected local authorities. In addition, the websites of these authorities and relevant documents were analysed. The research found that the Internet is mostly perceived as an information provision and service delivery tool, and that it is much less likely to be considered as a medium for stimulating citizen participation. The research also revealed a strong belief that electronic participation should only be an addition to, and not a replacement for, traditional methods of participation. Drawing upon political participation and democracy literature, the thesis argues that although some practical problems of participation can be ameliorated with the use of the Internet, normative concerns are reproduced in the context of the Internet. The most important of those normative concerns is the paradox relating to participation and equality. Being aware of the issue of digital divide, policy actors are cautious about using the Internet for participation purposes. This undermines the vision for electronic participation. Drawing on social shaping of technology arguments and the literature on new institutionalism, the thesis also argues that the use of the Internet is shaped differently in different institutional settings. Without political willingness and a deliberate intention to use the Internet for participation purposes, the use of the Internet fails to introduce rapid and transformative change in either the levels or the style of political participation.
Social media and activism

This entry provides an overview of the ways in which social media and digital networks are contextualized and examined in relation to social movements and activism. A number of communicative practices that activists deploy are identified and the ways in which information and communication technology (ICT)-mediated practices are embedded in roles and functions relevant to activists and social movements are addressed giving attention to the importance of social ties and networks online and offline and to constraints and limitations of ICT use. Networks and communicative practices increasingly manifest themselves as a field of contention which is giving rise to a digital rights and freedoms agenda that is being embraced by activists, non-governmental organizations and social movements.
Cramér-Rao bounds for estimation of linear system noise covariances

Abstract The performance of Kalman filter depends directly on the noise covariances, which are usually not known and need to be estimated. Several estimation algorithms have been published in past decades, but the measure of estimation quality is missing. Cramer-Rao bounds represent limitation of quality of parameter estimation that can be obtained from given data. In this article, Cramer-Rao bounds for noise covariance estimation of linear time-invariant stochastic system will be derived. Two different linear system models will be considered. Further, the performance of earlier published methods will be discussed according to Cramer-Rao bounds. The analogy between Cramer-Rao bounds and Riccati equation will be pointed out.
FastSort: a distributed single-input single-output external sort

External single-input single-output sorts can use multiple processors each with a large tournament replacement-selection in memory, and each with private disks to sort an input stream in linear elapsed time. Of course, increased numbers of processors, memories, and disks are required as the input file size grows. This paper analyzes the algorithm and reports the performance of an implementation.
Mesopancreatic Stromal Clearance Defines Curative Resection of Pancreatic Head Cancer and Can Be Predicted Preoperatively by Radiologic Parameters

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a strong fibrotic stromal reaction and diffuse growth pattern. Peritumoral fibrosis is often evident during surgery but only distinguishable from tumor by microscopic examination. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of clearance of fibrotic stromal reaction at the mesopancreatic resection margin as a criterion for radical resection and preoperative assessment of resectability. Mesopancreatic stromal clearance status (S-status) was defined as the presence or absence (S+/S0) of fibrotic stromal reaction at the mesopancreatic resection margin. Detailed retrospective clinicopathologic re-evaluation of margin status and preoperative cross-sectional imaging was performed in a cohort of 91 patients operated for pancreatic head PDAC from 2001 to 2011. Conventional margin positive resection (R+, tumor cells directly at the margin) was found in 36%. However, S-status further divided the margin negative (R0) group into patients with median survival of 14 months versus 31 months (S+ versus S0, P = 0.005). Overall rate of S+ was 53%. S-status and lymph node ratio constituted the only independent predictors of survival. Stranding of the superior mesenteric artery fat sheath was the only independent radiologic predictor of S+ resection, and achieved a 71% correct prediction of S-status. Mesopancreatic stromal clearance is a major determinant of curative resection in PDAC, and preoperative prediction by cross-sectional imaging is possible, setting the basis for a new definition of borderline resectability.
Quasistationarity of continuous-time Markov chains with positive drift

Abstract We shall study continuous-time Markov chains on the nonnegative integers which are both irreducible and transient, and which exhibit discernible stationarity before drift to infinity “sets in”. We will show how this ‘quasi’ stationary behaviour can be modelled using a limiting conditional distribution: specifically, the limiting state probabilities conditional on not having left 0 for the last time. By way of a dual chain, obtained by killing the original process on last exit from 0, we invoke the theory of quasistationarity for absorbing Markov chains. We prove that the conditioned state probabilities of the original chain are equal to the state probabilities of its dual conditioned on non-absorption, thus allowing to establish the simultaneous existence and then equivalence, of their limiting conditional distributions. Although a limiting conditional distribution for the dual chain is always quasistationary distribution in the usual sense, a similar statement is not possible for the original chain.
Acute interstitial pneumonia: report of a series

Four cases of acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) are described with special emphasis on clinical background, lung imaging and bronchoalveolar lavage findings. A retrospective chart review of four patients with histologically-proven AIP, diagnosed between 1998 and 2000, was carried out. Clinical data, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and histological features were analysed. Three patients died and only one is in follow-up. HRCT showed areas of ground glass attenuation and alveolar consolidation in all patients. Histology, documented by open lung biopsy or autopsy specimens, was consistent with the organising form of diffuse alveolar damage pattern. BAL findings were characteristic, with a huge neutrophilia associated with scattered atypical type II pneumocytes collected in clusters with extracellular amorphous material (fragments of hyaline membranes) observed in two out of three cases. In this paper, four cases of acute interstitial pneumonia are reported in detail. The poor prognosis associated with this entity has been confirmed and the possible diagnostic role of the bronchoalveolar lavage is emphasised.
White Faculty at Historically Black Colleges and Universities

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