Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Robust File System Checkers

File systems may become corrupted for many reasons despite various protection techniques. Therefore, most file systems come with a checker to recover the file system to a consistent state. However, existing checkers are commonly assumed to be able to complete the repair without interruption, which may not be true in practice. In this work, we demonstrate via fault injection experiments that checkers of widely used file systems (EXT4, XFS, BtrFS, and F2FS) may leave the file system in an uncorrectable state if the repair procedure is interrupted unexpectedly. To address the problem, we first fix the ordering issue in the undo logging of e2fsck and then build a general logging library (i.e., rfsck-lib) for strengthening checkers. To demonstrate the practicality, we integrate rfsck-lib with existing checkers and create two new checkers: rfsck-ext, a robust checker for Ext-family file systems, and rfsck-xfs, a robust checker for XFS file systems, both of which require only tens of lines of modification to the original versions. Both rfsck-ext and rfsck-xfs are resilient to faults in our experiments. Also, both checkers incur reasonable performance overhead (i.e., up to 12%) compared to the original unreliable versions. Moreover, rfsck-ext outperforms the patched e2fsck by up to nine times while achieving the same level of robustness.
Towards Veracity Assessment in RDF Knowledge Bases: An Exploratory Analysis

Among different characteristics of knowledge bases, data quality is one of the most relevant in order to maximize the benefits of the provided information. Knowledge base quality assessment poses a number of big data challenges such as high volume, variety, velocity and veracity. In this paper we focus on answering questions related to the assessment of the veracity of facts through Deep Fact Validation ( DeFacto ), a triple validation framework designed to assess facts in RDF knowledge bases. Despite current developments in the research area, the underlying framework faces many challenges. This article pinpoints and discusses these issues and conducts a thorough analysis of its pipeline, aiming at reducing the error propagation through its components. Furthermore, we discuss recent developments related to this fact validation as well as describing advantages and drawbacks of state-of-the-art models. As a result of this exploratory analysis, we give insights and directions towards a better architecture to tackle the complex task of fact-checking in knowledge bases.
Measuring Musculoskeletal Pain in Infants, Children, and Adolescents

• SYNOPSIS: Accurate, reliable, and timely assessment of pain is critical for effective management of musculoskeletal pain conditions. The assessment of pain in infants, children, and adolescents with and without cognitive impairment can be particularly challenging to clinicians for a number of reasons, including factors related to the consultation (eg, heterogeneous patient population, time constraints), the clinician (eg, awareness/knowledge of available pain scales), standardized assessment scales (eg, availability, psychometric properties, and application of each scale), the patient (eg, developmental stage, ability to communicate), and the context in which the interaction took place (eg, familiarity with the setting and physiological and psychological state). As a result, pain is frequently not assessed or measured during the consultation and, in many instances, underestimated and undertreated in this population. The purpose of this article is to provide clinicians with an overview of scales that may be used to measure pain in infants, children, and adolescents. Specifically, the paper reviews the various approaches to measure pain intensity; identifies factors that can influence the pain experience, expression, and assessment in infants, children, and adolescents; provides age‐appro‐priate suggestions for measuring pain intensity in patients with and without cognitive impairment; and identifies ways to assess the impact of pain using multidimensional pain scales.
Compact multiband antenna with folded meandered loop: LTE/WLAN/WiMAX advanced mobile operations

The paper, presents a novel multi-band antenna for LTE700/WiMAX/WLAN bands. The proposed antenna is configured to have three radiating elements such as folded loop line, rectangular patch inserting meandered slit, and L-shaped ground branch which is closely coupled to the feed line. The substrate used for this antenna is FR4 with the relative permittivity of 4.4, with low profile of 0.8 mm × 40 mm × 85 mm. It operates in three bands of frequency. A lower band covers the LTE700 operations, middle band covers the WLAN operations while the upper band deals with WiMAX operations. By inserting the folded loop line and L-shaped ground branch, the LTE700, WiMAX and unlicensed LTE operations have VSWR < 2 and RL < −10 dB. By adding the rectangular patch with a meander slit, WLAN band operations have VSWR < 2 and RL < —10 dB. The return loss and radiation patterns of the suggested antenna are simulated by IE3D software by ZELAND. The computed results show good Omni-directional radiation pattern and radiation gain. According to the results, the proposed antenna can be used for mobile handset, as an application of following bands, such as LTE700, WiMAX, WLAN and unlicensed LTE band.
TRCID: Optimized Task Recovery in MapReduce Based on Checkpointing Intermediate Data

The computing paradigm of MapReduce is popular for data analysis since the volume of data to analyze grows rapidly. Hadoop, an open-source implementation of MapReduce, is the most popular framework for MapReduce programs. But it still suffers from the job delay caused by node failure and task failure. This paper proposes a novel Task Recovery mechanism based on Checkpointing Intermediate Data (TRCID) to improve the performance of Hadoop when failure happens. We keep track of the intermediate data to make it available to be used directly or regenerated efficiently after the recovery. Rather than waiting for reducers fetch the output of mappers, we send intermediate data proactively on regular intervals. At the same time the meta data will be replicated to the distributed file system as a checkpoint file. Upon failure detection, the task can be resumed according to the checkpoint instead of being restarted from the beginning. Compare with original Hadoop, TRCID enhances the fault tolerant capability for MapReduce framework, and has better computing performance.
Antiphospholipid syndrome, “the best prophet of the future”

Abstract The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the occurrence of venous and arterial thromboses, often multiple, and obstetric-related adverse events in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). APS, first described in 1983, as thrombosis, abortion and cerebral disease, is nowadays recognised as a systemic disease with a wide constellation of clinical manifestations related to acute and chronic vascular lesions. The presence of aPL is the serological hallmark of APS representing a heterogeneous population of autoantibodies with many antigenic specificities directed to phospholipid-binding proteins, either alone or in combination with phospholipids. Many assays have been developed for aPL detection. Particularly, anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies and lupus anticoagulant are essential tools for APS diagnosis. The cumulative evidence indicates that aPL are pathogenic autoantibodies binding to target cells and promoting thrombosis and pregnancy complications through a wide range of pathological mechanisms not yet fully understood. Finally, the recognition of the important role of aPL to assess the individual risk of thrombosis or pregnancy complications has expanded the concept of aPL, and currently aPL profile is regarded as a major risk factor for clinical thrombotic events.
Mixed Models Based Pronunciation Evaluation of Mandarin Tone

Under the framework of traditional pronunciation evaluation system, we try to extract discrete and continuous fundamental frequency features by different methods, use the fundamental frequency features respectively at the speech frame level and syllable level to set up embedded tone models, explicit tone models and their mixed models for the pronunciation evaluation of Mandarin tone, and then compare the influence of different methods and models on the evaluation performance. The results show that the performance of mixed models is the best. The average score error rate (ASER) of mixed models is 0.249 with a relative 29.66% reduction in contrast with the baseline system.
Cortical activation pattern for finger movement: A feasibility study towards a fNIRS based BCI

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has become an established tool to investigate brain function and it is an interesting modality for brain computer interfaces (BCIs). This paper was aimed at examining whether fNIRS can be an appropriate BCIs modality. Brain activities of three subjects performing a right-hand finger movement (flex and extend the fingers and thumb) tasks were measured by fNIRS. And finger movement was carried out with active and passive modes. Passive movements were provided by a functional electrical stimulation (FES). Results demonstrated that while all movement modes commonly activated primary motor cortex, there were considerable differences between finger and thumb movement. The pattern of neural activation in active movement was resembled by passive movement. This result indicates that finger and thumb movement can be classified and then we saw possibility of the utilizing fNIRS into the field of BCIs.
A study on channel estimation algorithm with sounding reference signal for TDD downlink scheduling

Coping with the limited amount of available spectrum, time division duplexing (TDD) system is considered as an attractive duplexing method due to exploiting channel reciprocity as well as flexible resource management. The conventional scheduling scheme is based on the channel quality indicator (CQI) reported from the user equipment (UE) to estimate instantaneous data rates for the scheduling metric calculation. However, CQI is insufficient to reflect the state of the channel variation in terms of frequency and time. Based on the channel reciprocity of TDD systems, we utilize uplink sounding reference signal (SRS) to estimate downlink channel status. However the received SRS power is a result of uplink power control where power control effect should be compensated to estimate channel status in downlink scheduling. In order to solve this problem, we propose the SRS path loss estimation method based on the power headroom report. By using this scheme, the base station (BS) can obtain the compensated signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) and determine the scheduling metric based on its calculated SINR instead of reported CQI from UE. Simulation results show that the proposed scheduling algorithm outperforms the conventional scheme in total throughput, whereas the fairness index experienced by the proposed algorithm is lesser than of the conventional scheme based on CQI.
Purinergic Signals Regulate Daily S-Phase Cell Activity in the Ciliary Marginal Zone of the Zebrafish Retina

Regeneration and growth that occur in the adult teleost retina have been helpful in identifying molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, it is reported that S-phase cell number, in the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) of the adult zebrafish retina, exhibits day-night variations with a mid-light phase peak. Oscillations persist for 24 h in constant darkness (DD), suggesting control by a circadian component. However, variations in the S-phase nuclei number were rapidly dampened and not present during and after a second day in DD. An ADPβS treatment significantly enhanced S-phase activity at night to mid-light levels, as assessed by in vivo BrdU incorporation in a 2-h interval. Moreover, daylight increase in S-phase cell number was completely abolished when extracellular nucleotide levels or their extracellular hydrolysis by ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) were significantly disrupted or when a selective antagonist of purinergic P2Y1 receptors was intraocularly injected before BrdU exposure. Extracellular nucleotides and NTPDase action were also important for maintaining nocturnal low levels of S-phase activity in the CMZ. Finally, we showed that mRNAs of NTPDases 1, 2 (3 isoforms), and 3 as well as of P2Y1 receptor are present in the neural retina of zebrafish. NTPDase mRNA expression exhibited a 2-fold increment in light versus dark conditions as assessed by quantitative RT-PCR, whereas P2Y1 receptor mRNA levels did not show significant day-night variations. This study demonstrates a key role for nucleotides, principally ADP as a paracrine signal, as well as for NTPDases, the plasma membrane—bound enzymes that control extracellular nucleotide concentration, for inducing S-phase cell entry in the CMZ—normally associated with retinal growth—throughout the light-dark cycle.
Sparse feature selection methods identify unexpected global cellular response to strontium-containing materials

Significance Although new-generation biomaterials are increasingly complex and sophisticated, their development remains largely empirical, and functional outcomes are difficult to predict. Extending the biological evaluation of biomaterials beyond the assessment of preassumed effects would allow a better understanding of the material-driven cell responses. Here we illustrate how applying an objective, nondiscriminative approach to explore the global cell responses to a series of bone substitutes with various compositions can uncover unexpected, important changes at the gene and cellular levels and can provide in-depth knowledge of the effects of specific material properties on cell behavior. Despite the increasing sophistication of biomaterials design and functional characterization studies, little is known regarding cells’ global response to biomaterials. Here, we combined nontargeted holistic biological and physical science techniques to evaluate how simple strontium ion incorporation within the well-described biomaterial 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) influences the global response of human mesenchymal stem cells. Our objective analyses of whole gene-expression profiles, confirmed by standard molecular biology techniques, revealed that strontium-substituted BG up-regulated the isoprenoid pathway, suggesting an influence on both sterol metabolite synthesis and protein prenylation processes. This up-regulation was accompanied by increases in cellular and membrane cholesterol and lipid raft contents as determined by Raman spectroscopy mapping and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy analyses and by an increase in cellular content of phosphorylated myosin II light chain. Our unexpected findings of this strong metabolic pathway regulation as a response to biomaterial composition highlight the benefits of discovery-driven nonreductionist approaches to gain a deeper understanding of global cell–material interactions and suggest alternative research routes for evaluating biomaterials to improve their design.
A Barycentric Coordinate-Based Approach to Formation Control Under Directed and Switching Sensing Graphs

This paper investigates two formation control problems for a leader–follower network in 3-D. One is called the formation marching control problem, the objective of which is to steer the agents to maintain a target formation shape while moving with the synchronized velocity. The other one is called the formation rotating control problem, whose goal is to drive the agents to rotate around a common axis with a target formation. For the above two problems, we consider directed and switching sensing topologies while the communication is assumed to be bidirectional and switching. We develop approaches utilizing barycentric coordinates toward these two problems. Local control laws and graphical conditions are acquired to ensure global convergence in both scenarios.
OverCite: Finding overlapping communities in citation network

Citation analysis is a popular area of research, which has been usually used to rank the authors and the publication venues of research papers. With huge number of publications every year, it has become difficult for the users to find relevant publication materials. One simple solution to this problem is to detect communities from the citation network and recommend papers based on the common membership in communities. But, in today's research scenario, many researchers' fields of interest spread into multiple research directions resulting in an increasing number of interdisciplinary publications. Therefore, it is necessary to detect overlapping communities for relevant recommendation. In this paper, we represent publication information as a tripartite `Publication Hypergraph' consisting of authors, papers and publication venues (conferences/journals) in three partitions. We then propose an algorithm called `OverCite', which can detect overlapping communities of authors, papers and venues simultaneously using the publication hypergraph and the citation network information. We compare OverCite with two existing overlapping community detection algorithms, Clique Percolation Method (CPM) and iLCD, applied on citation network. The experiments on a large real-world citation dataset show that OverCite outperforms other two algorithms. We also present a simple paper search and recommendation system. Based on the relevance judgements of the users, we further prove the effectiveness of OverCite over other two algorithms.
Does Physical Activity Mediate the Associations between Local-Area Descriptive Norms, Built Environment Walkability, and Glycosylated Hemoglobin?

Associations between local-area residential features and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) may be mediated by individual-level health behaviors. Such indirect effects have rarely been tested. This study assessed whether individual-level self-reported physical activity mediated the influence of local-area descriptive norms and objectively expressed walkability on 10-year change in HbA1c. HbA1c was assessed three times for adults in a 10-year population-based biomedical cohort (n = 4056). Local-area norms specific to each participant were calculated, aggregating responses from a separate statewide surveillance survey for 1600 m road-network buffers centered on participant addresses (local prevalence of overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) and physical inactivity (<150 min/week)). Separate latent growth models estimated direct and indirect (through physical activity) effects of local-area exposures on change in HbA1c, accounting for spatial clustering and covariates (individual-level age, sex, smoking status, marital status, employment and education, and area-level median household income). HbA1c worsened over time. Local-area norms directly and indirectly predicted worsening HbA1c trajectories. Walkability was directly and indirectly protective of worsening HbA1c. Local-area descriptive norms and walkability influence cardiometabolic risk trajectory through individual-level physical activity. Efforts to reduce population cardiometabolic risk should consider the extent of local-area unhealthful behavioral norms and walkability in tailoring strategies to improve physical activity.
A Modified Essen Stroke Risk Score for Predicting Recurrent Cardiovascular Events: Development and Validation

Background The Essen stroke risk score is widely applied to predict the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke. We developed a modified Essen stroke risk score and validated it using a large prospective Effective Vascular Event REduction after STroke (EVEREST) registry including 3588 patients with ischemic stroke in Japan. Patients with cardioembolic stroke were excluded, and follow-up was one-year. Methods The modified Essen stroke risk score was calculated from scores for waist circumference, stroke subtype by etiology, and gender in addition to age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, previous myocardial infarction, other cardiovascular diseases except myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation, peripheral artery disease, smoking, and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. A multiple logistic regression model identified the predictors (each assigned one or two points) and provided c-statistics for the modified Essen stroke risk score. We considered two outcomes, recurrent ischemic stroke and cardiovascular events (defined as the combined outcomes of fatal or nonfatal stroke, myocardial infarction, nonfatal unstable angina, and cardiac death). Results Recurrent ischemic stroke occurred in 121 patients (3·7%) and cardiovascular events occurred in 133 (4·0%) within a year. The c-statistic (used for discrimination) was 0·632 for recurrent stroke and 0·640 for cardiovascular events. Patients scoring 6 or greater were classified as high risk, otherwise were classified as low risk. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the modified risk score was more predictive than the Essen stroke risk score in both men and women. Conclusions The modified Essen stroke risk score increased the ability of the Essen stroke risk score to predict recurrent cardiovascular events. Patients with a high modified Essen stroke risk score should be candidates for intensified secondary prevention strategies.
Differentiation of osteoblasts to osteocytes in 3D type I collagen gels - a novel tool to study osteocyte responses to mechanical loading

Osteocytes are currently regarded as being pivotal in maintaining bone homeostasis. They differentiate from osteoblasts, are embedded in mineralised matrix and difficult to isolate. Current models for in vitro osteocyte studies are limited. Others have suggested that osteoblasts in 3-dimensional (3D) cultures differentiate to osteocytes. This study aimed to develop 3D cultures enabling differentiation of osteoblasts to osteocytes, which could be used for studies of osteocyte differentiation and responses to mechanical loading. Furthermore, the effects of external compounds on osteoblast differentiation in 3D were assessed. Mouse (MC-3T3, IDG-SW3) and human primary osteoblasts (hOBs) were maintained in type I collagen gels in either non-osteogenic or osteogenic media, and +/- compounds such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Furthermore, mechanical loading (5 mins, 10 Hz, 2.5 N) was applied to 3D cultures and responses characterised. Cells were viable in collagen gels for 25 days, and expressed mRNA for mature osteocyte markers e.g. sclerostin in osteogenic medium. Furthermore, IGF-1 upregulated mRNA expression of osteocyte markers and other molecules (e.g. receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa-β ligand - RANKL - 43-fold) in MC-3T3 cells, indicating modulation of cell differentiation and function. Osteocyte markers were expressed earlier in IDG-SW3 cells in 3D compared to published marker expression profiles in 2D monolayer cultures. Following mechanical loading, known mechanosensitive markers were modulated in IDG-SW3 cells in 3D, for example, RANKL and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) up-regulated and sclerostin downregulated post-loading. This 3D model enables differentiation of osteoblasts to osteocytes in an environment akin to osteocytes in vivo. External compounds accelerated cell differentiation, and this was also accelerated in 3D compared to monolayer. Furthermore, the 3D model enabled osteocyte mechanical loading. This model can be used with human cells, will further our understanding of osteocyte differentiation, and inform on osteocyte function including their responses to mechanical loading.