Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incremental Deductive Verification for a subset of the Boogie language

As computer programs and systems get larger and more complex, the conventional method of ensuring system correctness by feeding it input data and analyzing the output becomes harder and more time consuming, since the space of possible input data becomes nearly infinite. Formal verification is a method of proving the correctness of a software or hardware system in accordance to a formal specification of its intended behavior, proposed as a complement to regular testing to increase the accuracy of detection of bugs in a system. An issue with formal verification today is its scalability. The SMT-problem is known to be at least NP-hard, thus the time required to verify a program increases rapidly as programs get larger. This thesis presents the design, implementation and evaluation of an incremental deductive verifier for a subset of the intermediate verification language Boogie. The technique is intended to speed up the verification of a program when moving between different iterations by identifying and re-verifying only those parts of the program that are affected by the modifications made since the last verification. This reduces the size of the input to the SMT-solver and can therefore help mitigate the issue of scalability in the verification process. The verifier is evaluated by running it on a set of test programs, each with multiple versions to simulate realistic software development, with incrementality turned on or off. The results show promise for the technique with the majority of tests showing considerable time save with up to 15-49% time saved for most programs with three iterations when solved incrementally compared to non-incrementally, and increased number of iterations generally lead to further time savings.
A practice-based approach to collective decision-making in pricing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze price decision-making through a practice-based approach. The paper investigates the micro-level practices used to arrive at sales price decisions. Design/methodology/approach In this study, a qualitative study approach is used to develop findings abductively. The data are gathered through an in-depth case study at two firms: semi-structured interviews, meeting observations, shadowing and pricing documents. Findings This paper finds that pricing is a collective decision-making process involving multiple actors across the organization. The case firms work on solving information, coordination and control problems to arrive at sales prices by enacting interlinked practices. Pricing is therefore neither a structure nor a single decision but a process consisting of multiple micro-level practices that enable firms to make pricing decisions. Originality/value This paper develops a practice-based approach to pricing that conceptualize the micro-level practices used to to make pricing decisions in the face of information, coordination and control problems. The paper is interdisciplinary and adds to the accounting literature and the market literature, which have tended to study pricing as a decision made by one decision maker, and not as an organizational process where multiple actors share, evaluate, interpret and coordinate information and decisions.
Protons Activate Brain Na+ Channel 1 by Inducing a Conformational Change That Exposes a Residue Associated with Neurodegeneration*

BNC1 is a mammalian neuronal cation channel in the novel DEG/ENaC ion channel family. BNC1 channels are transiently activated by extracellular protons and are constitutively activated by insertion of large residues, such as valine, in place of Gly-430; residue 430 is a site where analogous mutations in someCaenorhabditis elegans family members cause a swelling neurodegeneration. Mutation of Gly-430 to a small amino acid, cysteine, neither generated constitutive currents nor allowed modification of this residue by sulfhydryl-reactive methanethiosulfonate (MTS) compounds. However, when protons activated the channel, Cys-430 became accessible to extracellular MTS reagents, which modified Cys-430 to generate constitutive currents. Fluorescent MTS reagents also labeled Cys-430 in activated channels. These data indicate that protons induce a reversible conformational change that activates BNC1 thereby exposing residue 430 to the extracellular solution. Once Cys-430 is modified with a large chemical group, the channel is prevented from relaxing back to the inactive state. These results link ligand-dependent activation and activation by mutations that cause neurodegeneration.
Efficient Assembly of Large Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 Guide Arrays for Maize Genome Editing

[Abstract] CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in maize is an effective tool, and researchers commonly wish to target multiple genes simultaneously. Transformation of maize is currently expensive and tedious, so researchers are incentivized to build vectors that target multiple genomic loci from a single transformation event. One way to accomplish this is to arrange Cas9 guides into a multiplex array that is transformed as a single locus to the plant (Char et al. , 2017). These arrays can be long and repetitive, are challenging to build with traditional assembly methods such as restriction cloning, and are also difficult and expensive to synthesize. Golden Gate gene assembly (Vad-Nielsen et al. , 2016) is a good answer to this challenge, as it is insensitive to the tandem repeats in these arrays. The MoClo system is an elaboration of Golden Gate cloning (Werner et al. , 2012) and is particularly well suited for assembling larger multiplexed Cas9 guide arrays. In this protocol, we describe steps for designing and building a custom guide array targeting any number of maize loci using the MoClo standard components and syntax. We provide instructions for using variations of the maize and rice U6 promoters to drive guide RNA expression, but this system is generalizable for constructing guide arrays for other species as well.
Expériences d’analyse syntaxique statistique du français

Nous montrons qu’il est possible d’obtenir une analyse syntaxique statistique satisfaisante pour le français sur du corpus journalistique, à partir des données issues du French Treebank du laboratoire LLF, à l’aide d’un algorithme d’analyse non lexicalisé.
Opcode encoding for low power embedded systems

In this paper, we propose two encoding schemes for reducing the amount of switching on the instruction memory, which is one of the biggest sources of power dissipation. We have targeted embedded systems with an external bus interface (EBI) unit with 16-bit and 8-bit external memory interface systems (such as mobile phones). Our schemes are based on instruction code field encoding. The major advantage of our encoding schemes stems from the fact that they only involve minor modifications to the EBI, and do not require any changes to the processor core.
Successive activation of both cerebral hemispheres during cued word generation

Most humans have a left hemispheric dominance for language. However, during diagnostic language testing there also is activation of the right hemisphere, which is probably related to attention. To investigate further the role of attention during language production we monitored cerebral blood flow velocities in the middle cerebral arteries by continuous bilateral transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) in nine right-handed subjects. During cued word generation, a successive activation of the right hemisphere in the preparatory phase, and of the left hemisphere during word searching was demonstrated. These findings indicate that attentional processes precede verbal activation and that the two procedures can be separated by comparative blood flow velocity measurement.
Outcome Predictors of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Abstract:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and frequently limits treatment success. Patients suffering complications with AKI often have high mortality. This investigation analyzed the outcomes of patients receiving allogeneic HSCT and identified the association between prognosis and RIFLE (risk of renal failure, injury to kidney, failure of kidney function, loss of kidney function and end-stage renal disease) classification. This study reviewed the medical records of 101 patients receiving allogeneic HSCT during an 8-year period at a specialized hematology ward in a university hospital in Taiwan. Demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were retrospectively gathered as predicators. Overall 6-month mortality was 36.6% (37/101). Mortality progressively and significantly increased (&khgr;2 for trend, P < 0.001) based on RIFLE classification severity. Multiple variable Cox regression analysis identified maximum RIFLE score on day 7 to 14 post-HSCT, occurrence of hepatic veno-occlusive disease and respiratory failure during admission as independent risk factors for 6-month mortality. Using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the RIFLE classification on day 7 to 14 post-HSCT has the best discriminative power (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.696 ± 0.057, P < 0.001) compared with day 0 to 7, 14 to 30 and 30 to 60 post-HSCT. Cumulative survival rates at 6-month follow-up differed significantly (P < 0.05) among non-AKI, RIFLE-R versus RIFLE-I and RIFLE-F. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease, respiratory failure and severity of maximum RIFLE score on day 7 to 14 post-HSCT were independent predictors for 6-month mortality. RIFLE classification on day 7 to 14 post-HSCT can improve the accuracy of 6-month mortality in patients who received allogeneic HSCT.
Abdominal Color of the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is Associated with Flight Capabilities

ABSTRACT We examined the propensity for flight initiation and flight capability of the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, Hemiptera: Liviidae) with a flight mill. We measured continuous flight by D. citri for up to 3 h, which equated to a distance of ≈2.4 km. We compared the flight capability of D. citri depending on their sex and morphotype (color of abdomen). Two general morphotypes exist within this species: green-blue and gray-brown. We observed that ≈32% of psyllids from the green-blue morphotype tested exhibited long durations of flight (>60 s); whereas <5% of psyllids from the gray-brown morphotype performed such long duration flights. There was no significant difference in flight performance between the two sexes within both the gray—brown and green—blue morphotypes. Furthermore, psyllids from the gray—brown morphotype were characterized by smaller pronotums and shorter wings than psyllids from the green—blue morphotype. In addition, males, in general, were characterized by smaller pronotums and shorter wings than females. However, neither pronotum nor wing size were associated with flight capability of D. citri. Our results may help explain dispersal behavior of D. citri with respect to practical management on an area-wide scale.
A switching loss study in SPWM IGBT inverter

This work discusses an exact mathematical approach of calculating the IGBT turn-on, turn-off and on-state energy losses. Instantaneous voltage and current values are studied, linearized and employed to formulate the equations needed to calculate the IGBT switching loss. The inverter employs a switching pattern commonly known as sinusoidal PWM (SPWM). With this popular switching pattern, switching losses are derived for a common 3-phase inverter. Waveforms describing each switching states are developed. Mathematical equations describing the switching waveforms are formulated. The net switching loss is compared with that of the inverter to make sense of the process of loss in an inverter.
Review paper on Various Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithms in Cloud computing environment

Cloud computing is an emerging approach enabling ever-present network access, computing resources, deploying, organizing, and accessing enormous distributed computing applications over the network. In cloud computing, Load balancing is one of the main challenges which are required to distribute the workload equally across all the nodes. Load balancing uses services offered by many computer network service provider corporations. Load balancing can be different types like network load, storage capacity
Improvement of action tremor by chronic cortical stimulation

The authors present a patient who had long‐term improvement of a severe upper limb action tremor after chronic cortical stimulation. A 40‐year‐old woman complained of facial pain and tremor of the left arm after removal of an acoustic neurinoma. A motor cortex stimulation was performed to treat the deafferentation facial pain in 1993. Chronic cortical stimulation induced complete relief of both pain and tremor and allowed the patient to recover functional capacity of the limb. These effects persisted throughout a 32‐month follow up. Differential effects on pain and tremor were observed when parameters of stimulation were varied, suggesting different mechanisms for the relief of pain and tremor. Attention was focused on control of the tremor. This effect could be the result of the inhibition of subcortical structures which are involved in tremor. Chronic cortical stimulation appears to be an effective treatment for controlling severe action tremors.
Process improvement: what is it, why is it important, and how is it done?

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to provide enough information so beginners can feel comfortable starting and completing a simple radiology process improvement project. CONCLUSION Medical practices (including radiology departments) need to address outstanding quality and safety issues that threaten their patients. Addressing these issues improves patient care and operational efficiency. We provide a review of our approach to process improvement and the established improvement methods. Many organizations and companies are available to support medical practices as they enter this field.
SiC addition for MgB/sub 2/ superconducting wire by suspension spinning

The effect of nanoscale SiC addition on the field dependence of J/sub c/ for MgB/sub 2/ superconducting wire by suspension spinning was examined to enhance the flux pinning. The suspension spinning of commercially available MgB/sub 2/ and SiC powders was examined to fabricate a long superconducting MgB/sub 2/ wire by using the spinning medium of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) or polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The as-drawn filaments were uniaxially pressed under 20 MPa at 200/spl deg/C for 8 h to remove volatile components and connect the MgB/sub 2/ grains. The filamentary samples were enveloped by an iron sheet with a pellet of mixed powder of Mg and B to prevent Mg loss, and vacuum-sealed in a fused quartz tube and sintered. The field dependence of J/sub c/ for the samples was examined at 4.2 K in magnetic fields up to 14 T. The J/sub c/ of the sample was strongly dependent on the spinning medium and sintering condition. Addition of 5 at% SiC in the sample spun by PVA medium attained the maximum J/sub c/ value more than 1000 A/cm/sup 2/ at 4.2 K by applying the field of 14 T.
Cardiac Arrhythmia Classification of ECG Signal Using Morphology and Heart Beat Rate

The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal represents the electrical activity of the heart. The most characteristic wave of the ECG is the QRS complex, which records the polarization phenomenon of the ventricles. The objective of the work is to detect and classify cardiac arrhythmias of patients from the ECG signal. The detection of the QRS complex is gaining momentum and many algorithms have been reported in the literature for R-peak detection. To detect the R-peak, a modified Pan-Tompkins [7] approach has been implemented in this work. Further, a Linear Discriminate (LD) function, Scaled conjugate gradient method, and Naive Bayes Classifier approaches are used in this work for classification of cardiac arrhythmias. Classification consists of four features such as R-R interval, QRS interval, QRS morphology and T-wave morphology by extracting from each cardiac cycle. The above mentioned algorithms are implemented in a MATLAB environment with test data obtained from the MIT BIH Arrhythmia database. The performance of the three classifiers is verified using the test data.
In silico Analysis of Interactions between HLA-B*58:01 and Allopurinol-related Compounds

Allopurinol, the most traditional and widely used medication for hyperuricemia and gout, has been reported as a common cause of severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Allopurinol is rapidly and extensively metabolized to oxipurinol. At least six allopurinol-related impurities have been reported to be contained in allopurinol. It is of interest to identify the compound which is likely to be responsible to the adverse reactions. Since a strong association between allopurinol-induced adverse reactions and HLA-B*58:01 has been observed, binding of allopurinol-related compounds to HLA-B*58:01 must be important for the onset of the adverse reactions. In this study, using the three-dimensional structure of HLA-B*58:01 constructed by homology modeling, the binding modes and affinities between allopurinol-related compounds and HLA-B*58:01 were simulated by docking simulations. The results have indicated that the adverse reactions of allopurinol should be due very largely to oxipurinol. The results also suggested that the concentrations of several impurities currently approved by the United States Pharmacopeia should be strictly monitored not to exceed the limits because they may strongly bind to HLA-B*58:01 and possibly leading to more severe adverse reactions.
Application of typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to the study of Clostridium difficile in a neonatal intensive care unit

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of restriction pattern polymorphism was applied to type Clostridium difficile isolated from neonates hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit, and the results were compared with those of immunoblot analysis. C. difficile was isolated from fecal specimens of 41 (61%) of 67 neonates during a 5-month investigation. All of these neonates were asymptomatic. Fifty-five C. difficile isolates from 32 patients were analyzed by PFGE after digestion with SmaI and SacII endonucleases and by immunoblotting with 10 different antisera. Fifty-three of 55 isolates from 30 patients were identical by PFGE analysis after SmaI and SacII digestion and immunoblot analysis. Two isolates were different from each other and from the epidemic group by both PFGE and immunoblot analysis. All 53 epidemic isolates were nontoxigenic, while the two remaining isolates were toxigenic. These results suggest that nosocomial spread of nontoxigenic C. difficile infection in the neonatal intensive care unit and suggest that both PFGE and immunoblot are powerful typing tools for the epidemiological study of C. difficile.
Toward Improving Classification of Real World Biomedical Articles

In this work, we propose a method to improve performance in biomedical article classification. We use Naïve Bayes and Maximum Entropy classifiers to classify real world biomedical articles. We describe a technique based on chi-square measure to discard irrelevant information from the data and to identify the most relevant keywords to the classification task. To improve classification performance, we used two merging operators, Max and Harmonic Mean proposed by Jongwoo et al (2010) to combine results of the two classifiers. The results show that the Maximum Entropy classifier shows the better performance at 500 top relevant keywords. It is also shown that combining the results of the two classifiers we can improve classification performance of real world biomedical data.
Flexible InGaN LEDs on a Polyimide Substrate Fabricated Using a Simple Direct-Transfer Method

An array of InGaN-based flexible light-emitting diodes (FLEDs) was fabricated on a full-scale 2-in polyimide substrate. An InGaN epitaxial layer on a sapphire substrate was directly bonded with a polyimide substrate, and the sapphire substrate was then removed via a laser lift-off process. A subsequent n-GaN etching process for a chip isolation finished LED chips over the entire 2-in polyimide substrate. Using this simple direct-transfer process, we obtained a production yield of over 97%. The FLED device operated linearly up to an input current level of 500 mA. Output power, operating voltage, and wavelength shift of the FLED up to 400-mA driving current were nearly the same as for a vertical LED on metal substrate.
Computationally efficient modelling of permanent magnet synchronous motor drives for real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation

Hardware-in-the-Loop testing allows the development and performance evaluation of a controller for a physical system in a realistic environment where the system under test is emulated in an accurate real-time simulation. The paper proposes the use of a computationally efficient, yet accurate approach for a real-time modeling of permanent magnet synchronous machines drive system. The proposed method is based on a synchronous reference frame approach where higher harmonics of the stator winding distribution and rotor magnet flux are fully represented up to a specified order. A procedure for extracting parameter from a set of Finite Element calculations is also reported. The real-time model is coded on a commercially available FPGA based platform. The proposed approach is verified on an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor designed for traction applications. Comparison of real-time implementation and experimental measurements on the actual motor are used to validate the proposed modeling.
An approach for efficient intrusion detection for KDD dataset: A survey

Identifying possible attacks on the network system is a challenging task. There is several research works are processed in this direction, but the need of improvement is always remains in the research. The accuracy of detection is the major challenge today. It becomes tougher as the intrusion types and their nature are different. So considering the above event detail discussion and analysis has been presented in this paper. Analysis of different techniques like data mining, machine learning and optimization is also presented so that the significant improvement may be judges and better future suggestion can be came out of this. DOS, U2R, R2L and probe attacks are considered and the Knowledge Discovery and Data mining (KDD) database have been considered for comparison of different techniques.