Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cognitive Behaviour Based Pain Management Programme for Chronic Pain: Relationships Between Pain Belief, Catastrophizing and Acceptance.

Background: The current situation reflects an ambiguous professional identity for both clinical and counselling psychologists. This research aimed to explore the perceptions of clinical and counselling psychology amongst trainee psychologists in a British university. Method: The study used a cross-sectional focus group design with a semi-structured interview. Participants were invited to participate via email. A focus group comprising four clinical psychology doctoral trainees and four counselling psychology doctoral trainees (n=8) was conducted at the University of Surrey, UK. One counselling psychology trainee and one clinical psychology trainee facilitated the focus group. Data analysis: Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed for analysing audio transcripts. Each of the six researchers analysed the transcript individually and then met as a group in order to agree upon a framework that the researchers felt most accurately reflected the data. Results: Analysis of the data revealed six main themes: Different levels of knowledge of the professions, both professions draw from several theoretical orientations, variety of roles in professional practice, rationale for entering into chosen profession, training specifications, and potential for merging of the professions. Conclusions: Trainee clinical and counselling psychologists involved in this study were involved in a process of making sense of their own professional identity. While this research is not without its limitations, its findings do concur with previous research that suggests fewer distinctions between the disciplines of clinical and counselling psychology than previously evident. This perception of fewer distinctions between the professions has implications for service delivery, funding, and training.
Microbial granulation for lactic acid production

This work investigated the formation of microbial granules to boost the productivity of lactic acid (LA). The flocculated form of LA‐producing microbial consortium, dominated by Lactobacillus sp. (91.5% of total sequence), was initially obtained in a continuous stirred‐tank reactor (CSTR), which was fed with 2% glucose and operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h and pH 5.0 ± 0.1 under a thermophilic condition (50°C). The mixed liquor in the CSTR was then transferred to an up‐flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB). The fermentation performance and granulation process were monitored with a gradual decrease of HRT from 8.0 to 0.17 h, corresponding to an increase in the substrate loading from 60 to 2,880 g glucose L−1d−1. As the operation continued, the accumulation of biomass in the UASB was clearly observed, which changed from flocculent to granular form with decrease in HRT. Up to the HRT decrease to 0.5 h, the LA concentration was maintained at 19–20 g L−1 with over 90% of substrate removal efficiency. However, further decrease of HRT resulted in a decrease of LA concentration with increase in residual glucose. Nevertheless, the volumetric LA productivity continuously increased, reaching 67 g L‐fermenter−1h−1 at HRT 0.17 h. The size of LA‐producing granules and hydrophobicity gradually increased with decrease in HRT, reaching 6.0 mm and 60%, respectively. These biogranules were also found to have high settling velocities and low porosities, ranging 2.69–4.73 cm s−1 and 0.39–0.92, respectively. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 101–111. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do Interest Groups Reward Politicians for Their Votes in the Legislature? Evidence from the Recent Financial Crisis

Interest groups lobby politicians in various ways to influence their policy decisions, especially, their voting decisions in the legislature. Most, if not all, of the studies on this issue examine "pre-vote" lobbying activities of interest groups that occur before politicians vote in the legislature. In this paper, however, I examine "post-vote" lobbying activities of interest groups that occur after politicians vote in the legislature. By using data on the amount of monetary contributions given by interest groups to the members of the U.S. House of Representatives who have served in the 109th (2005-06) through 111th (2009-10) Congress, I find evidence that voting in favor of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (EESA) of 2008, one of the most significant pieces of legislation and possibly the biggest government bailout in U.S. economic history, has increased the amount of monetary contributions that politicians receive from the interest groups in the financial sector after the passage of the EESA. I also discuss two reasons for such post-vote lobbying and find empirical evidence for one of them.
Determining Revenue-Generating Casino Visitors Using a Vector Autoregressive Model: The Case of the G Casino in Korea

ABSTRACT This study used a time-series data analysis to investigate the characteristics of casino visitors that affect casinos’ revenue generation. Exchange rates—a traditional measure relevant to tourism—and customer types and nationalities were empirically analyzed with a vector autoregressive model using data acquired from all branches of Korea’s G casino. The results suggest that the casinos’ revenues were affected by the customers’ type and nationality: VIP customers were very important factors in the casinos’ revenue generation; moreover, the revenue impact of Russian visitors was quite strong despite their small numbers.
Organization of the hamster intergeniculate leaflet: NPY and ENK projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, intergeniculate leaflet and posterior limitans nucleus

Abstract The intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) is an integral part of the circadian visual system. It receives direct retinal input and relays photic information to the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) through a geniculohypothalamic tract (GHT). In both rat and hamster, neuropeptide Y immunoreactive (NPY-IR) IGL cells project through the GHT to the SCN. However, the hamster GHT also contains enkephalin-IR (ENK-IR) fibers, presumably of IGL origin. In the present investigations, the IGL was examined for NPY-, ENK-, or dual-IR cells. Their projections to the SCN, contralateral IGL and pretectum were also studied. The results show that the hamster IGL contains both NPY- and ENK-IR neurons and that about 50% of these are immunoreactive to both peptides. Double-label retrograde analysis indicates that cells of each peptide class project to the SCN. Similarly, IGL neurons, many of which are NPY- and ENK-IR, project to the pretectum, particularly the posterior limitans nucleus. While numerous IGL neurons project contralaterally, very few are NPY- or ENK-IR.The distribution of SCN- and pretectum-projecting cells, in conjunction with the distribution of peptide-IR neurons, allows expansion of the IGL definition to include the region medial to the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (VLG). The VLG is ventrolateral to the IGL and does not contain either neurons projecting to the SCN nor NPY- or ENK-IR cells, but does have numerous neurons projecting to the pretectum. The results substantiate and expand the previous definition of the hamster IGL, elaborate the species difference in IGL organization, and demonstrate the increased breadth of the circadian visual system.
An ECM-ISC based Study on Learners' Continuance Intention toward E-learning

E-learning has been developing rapidly in recent years; however, as the student number and market scale are growing fast, there is also a growing concern over the issue of high dropout rates in e-learning. High dropout rate not only harms both education institutions and students, but also jeopardises the development of e-learning systems. Understanding the behavioural mechanism of students’ continuance learning in online programmes would be helpful for reducing the dropout rate. In order to explain students’ continuance intention toward e-learning, his study combines theories from the fields of information management and pedagogy. By adding two constructs, namely academic integration and social integration, from the theories of dropout as antecedent variables, an improved ECM-ISC model for e-learners’ continued learning intention was put forward. Results from structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrate a stronger explanatory power of the new model. Based on the results from empirical analyses, corresponding suggestions are proposed in the end of this paper.
A method of calculating the mean life-time of solar granules

Solar granulation is a kind of morphological characteristics of solar photosphere caused by convective motion. Because of the mechanism of convective motion, when we calculated the mean life-time of solar granules, we can get the time of convective motion. There are many methods based on the classification of solar granules and tracking solar granules to calculate the mean life-time of solar granules. As a result of the existence time of solar granules is very short and the evolution is more complex, identifying the fragmentation and merging of solar granules will get us into trouble. In this paper, we present a power spectrum analysis based on periodic analysis method to calculate the mean life-time of solar granules. First, we use the κ − Ω filter to remove the 5-minute oscillations. Only removing the 5-minute oscillations can we more accurately calculate the mean life-time of solar granules. Next, we use gradient transformation to remove the direct current component (DC component) and reduce spectral energy leakage with the Hamming Window. Finally, using the function of Periodogram calculates the mean life-time of solar granules. In order to verify the accuracy of the method, we set three data to calculate the mean life-time of solar granules. The final results of calculating the mean life-time of solar granules are 9.24 min, 9.04 min and 10.67 min respectively. So our method is effective and accurate compared with the results of other literature.
Changes in mammalian sperm morphology after X-ray and chemical exposures.

Sperm head morphology in mammals provides a unique approach to quantiating the effects of environmental agents on the germ cells. In unperturbed male mice, the sperm of each genotype can be reproducibly characterized by the shape of the head, the overall percent of sperm with head-shape abnormalities and the types of shape abnormalities seen. Genetic studies show that sperm shape is highly heritable, and that the fraction of abnormal sperm is controlled by a multitude of autosomal factors plus probably involvement of the sex chromosomes. --Exposure to ionizing radiation or certain chemical agents in vivo leads to dosage-dependent increase in the fraction of sperm with head-shape abnormalities. These results are documented in numerous mammalian species, including man. Evidence from mouse studies suggests that in general sperm shape is affected by those agents considered to be mutagenic. Since sperm samples are easily obtained and sperm morphology is rapidly quantitated, these observations suggest that sperm morphology in the mouse may be an applicable screen for environmental effects on germ cells. Changes in sperm are also seen in the offspring of male mice exposed to irradiation or a chemical alkylating agent. Preliminary evidence suggests that these changes represent heritable sperm shape abnormalities that can be further transmitted to subsequent generations. --The problems of determining the genetic implications of induced sperm abnormalities in exposed males are discussed. It is suggested that sperm morphology testing may have a direct application in man.
MRI features after radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma with cooled probes and impedance-control energy delivery.

OBJECTIVE The purposes of our study were to determine the temporal changes in MR signal in bone after radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma and the size of the zone of marrow signal change produced by the radiofrequency technique and to compare the size of the zone with published data for radiofrequency ablation with manual-control protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiofrequency ablation was performed in 10 patients with a clinical and radiologic diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. A cooled radiofrequency probe was inserted in the nidus. Twelve minutes of radiofrequency energy was applied from a 200-W radiofrequency generator in an impedance-control setting. MRI with multiplanar turbo spin-echo T1-weighted and STIR sequences was performed at 1, 7, and 28 days after the procedure in seven patients. The three remaining patients had follow-up imaging at 28 days only. The images were reviewed by two radiologists who categorized the imaging features and measured the marrow zone of signal alteration when visible. The size of the zone of marrow signal change produced by the radiofrequency technique was compared with published data for radiofrequency ablation with manual-control protocols. RESULTS A 1-mm band of homogeneous altered marrow signal distributed symmetrically parallel to the entire probe tract was seen earliest, at 1 day, in the femoral neck lesion treated with the 2-cm probe. The band was low signal on the T1 sequence and high signal on the STIR sequence, and the diameter of the zone was 27 mm. By 7 days, five of the seven treated bones showed a band of marrow signal alteration. By 28 days, all 10 treated bones had a band of marrow signal alteration. The interband distance at 90 degrees to the probe measured on STIR images at 28 days was a mean of 20.9 mm (confidence interval, 16.1-25.7 mm [p < 0.05]; range +/- measurement error, 10.5-35 +/- 1.64 mm) with a 1-cm probe and 30.5 mm (measurement error, +/- 0.78 mm) on T1 images without contrast material when a 2-cm exposed-tip probe was used. Higher-output generators with impedance-control software and internally cooled radiofrequency probes with longer exposed tips produce larger zones of marrow signal change than expected with manual-control protocols. CONCLUSION MRI allows detection of temporal marrow signal change after radiofrequency ablation. The marrow signal change with a high-energy delivery protocol is larger than manual-control protocols.
Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Canada: An Evidence from Time-Series Tests

Abstract This study examines the effects of international trade and investment on output and tests the null hypothesis of Granger non-causality among trade, investment and economic growth in Canada. The long-run model is estimated using several single-equation and system estimators to assess the robustness of results across methodologies. The single-equation, OLSEG, GMM, DOLS, NLLS and FMOLS, estimates of the model provide consistent support for the positive and significant long-run effects of exports and investment on output. The ML system estimates cross-validate the cointegrating relationship and reinforce the positive effects of exports and investment and the negative effects of imports on output. The over-parameterized level-VAR estimates suggest unidirectional Granger-causality from exports, imports and investment each to output. The estimates of the model with structural breaks support the long-run relationship, though the evidence is not unambiguous ubiquitously across all the tests. The evidence supporting the positive and significant long-run effects overwhelms the evidence providing weak or no support for the effects of trade on output. The results underline the need for the acceleration of exports (and investment) to offset the demand-reducing effects of imports and escalate the altitudes of output and economic growth.
Edge of Chaos in Nanoscale Memristor CNN

In this paper analytical results are derived for nanoscale memristor CNN (NM-CNN) in which neurons operate in a regime called edge of chaos. The system describing the model consists of highly nonlinear differential equations. We propose new algorithm based on the generalized local activity scheme for the determination of the edge of chaos regime in nanoscale memristor CNN model under consideration. MATLAB implementation of algorithms based on a numerical integration of the NM-CNN state equations allowing a reliable and accurate determination of the edge of chaos parameter regime is proposed. Application of the obtained results for pattern formation is presented.
Financial Stability: Ten Questions and about Seven Answers

th Anniversary Symposium. Before I embark on my assigned topic, permit me to extend my congratulations to the RBA. This is a central bank with a consistently strong voice in international forums. The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) has benefited from the Reserve Bank’s presence as a shareholder since 1970, and has profited immensely from the contribution of a succession of Reserve Bank visiting economists, both in Basel and in the Representative Office for Asia and the Pacific. Let me take this opportunity to express my appreciation of the strong record of collaboration between our two institutions and my hope for an ever stronger relationship. I have turned my assignment into 10 questions about financial stability. Let me admit at the outset that I have answers, of varying certainty and clarity, for only about seven of them. I owe this format to Alan Blinder, who set out 16 questions and 12 answers on monetary policy at the Bank of Spain in 2006 (Blinder 2007). His ratio of answers to questions was higher than mine, as one would expect of a professor of economics at Princeton University speaking on a more settled subject. So I hope that you will accept my seven or so answers and allow me 70 per cent as a passing grade.
Translation initiation of the HIV-1 mRNA

Translation initiation of the full-length mRNA of the human immunodeficiency virus can occur via several different mechanisms to maintain production of viral structural proteins throughout the replication cycle. HIV-1 viral protein synthesis can occur by the use of both a cap-dependant and IRES-driven mechanism depending on the physiological conditions of the cell and the status of the ongoing infection. For both of these mechanisms there is a need for several viral and cellular co-factors for optimal translation of the viral mRNA. In this review we will describe the mechanism used by the full-length mRNA to initiate translation highlighting the role of co-factors within this process. A particular emphasis will be given to the role of the DDX3 RNA helicase in HIV-1 mRNA translation initiation.
Trypanosome Alternative Oxidase is Regulated Post-transcriptionally at the Level of RNA Stability

Abstract In the bloodstream form of African trypanosomes, trypanosome alternative oxidase (TAO), the non-cytochrome ubiquinol:oxidoreductase, is the only terminal oxidase of the mitochondrial electron transport system. TAO is developmentally regulated during mitochondrial biogenesis in this parasite. During in vitro differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei from the bloodstream to the procyclic form, the overall rate of oxygen consumption decreased about 80%. The mode of respiration changed over a 2- to 3-wk period from a cyanide-insensitive, SHAM-sensitive pathway to a predominantly cyanide-sensitive pathway. The TAO protein level gradually decreased to the level present in the procyclic forms during this 3-wk period. However, within the first week of differentiation, the TAO transcript level decreased about 90% and then in the following weeks it reached the level present in the established procyclic form, that is about 20% of that in bloodstream forms. Like other trypanosomatid genes TAO transcript synthesis remains unaltered in fully differentiated bloodstream and procyclic trypanosomes. The half-life of the TAO mRNA was about 3.2 h in the procyclic trypanosomes, whereas the TAO transcript level remained unaltered even after 4 h of incubation with actinomycin D in bloodstream forms. Inhibition of protein synthesis resulted in about a four-fold accumulation of the TAO transcript in the procyclic trypanosomes, comparable to the level present in the bloodstream forms. Thus, TAO is regulated at the level of mRNA stability and de novo protein synthesis is required for the reduction of the TAO mRNA pool in the procyclic form.
Modified Mallampati Score Improves Specificity of STOP-BANG Questionnaire for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Background: An accurate, clinical screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that identifies patients for further diagnostic testing would assist in the diagnosis of this comorbidity. One example, the STOP-BANG questionnaire (SBQ), has been validated as a screening tool with high sensitivity. However, its specificity may result in a high false-positive rate. The aim of this study to determine if addition of the Modified Mallampati score to the SBQ improves its specificity. Methods: The authors studied 162 patients referred to the Sleep Disorders Clinic at Yedikule Chest Disease Education and Research Hospital. All patients were prospectively screened for risk of OSA using the SBQ, their oral anatomy was assessed by Modified Mallampati scoring, and sleep quality characterized by polysomnography. Polysomnography results were reviewed when available and the predictive performance of the SBQ and the modified SBQ scoring models were compared. Results: In the authors’ study an SBQ score ≥3 yielded sensitivities of 0.85, 0.86, and 0.91 for Apnea–Hypopnea Index (AHI) ≥5/h, AHI ≥15/h, and AHI ≥30/h, respectively, and specificities of 0.09, 0.10, and 0.18. The modified SBQ with a cutoff of ≥4 (>3) points for AHI levels of >5, >15, and >30 yielded respective sensitivities of 0.84, 0.86, and 0.91 and specificities of 0.25, 0.26, and 0.27. Conclusions: The author's results from indicated the modified SBQ with a cutoff of >3 points in this study was more specific than the standard SBQ but no less sensitive, and may be used in identifying OSA patients for further diagnostic evaluation or avoiding unnecessary testing.
Effects of Justice on Service Recovery Satisfaction

This study reviews literatures currently available on the effects of perceived justice on service recovery satisfaction, especially on their relative weight. Based on justice theory, we propose hypotheses in the model of service recovery satisfaction and empirically examine them in restaurant industry. The results indicate that both of outcome justice and procedural justice significantly affect recovery satisfaction and the outcome justice is of more weight than procedural justice in their influence on recovery satisfaction.
State estimation and total transfer capability calculation in deregulated power system

In a deregulated power system both the quality and amount of power transfer increases. The main challenges in deregulated environment for the utility centers are to update or maintain the reliability and security of the utility regions. By sharing the information about different states of the system, is a way to overcome these limitations, among different utilities. The utilities get an overall picture of the entire system with the information get from Total Power Transfer Capability (TTC) and State Estimation of the power network. It should be taken care that the combined effects of power transfer due to different estimations and power transfer capabilities may not tend to a system blackout, failure of equipment and overloading problems. State Estimation (SE) used to estimate new error case state variables after a certain random error occurs in the power system due to contingency and Continuous Power Flow method is chosen for the calculation of TTC. In this study we have used this technique for testing IEEE 30 bus test system and a brief comparative study is done among different cases of the system.