Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential Role of the Trivedi Effect® - Biofield Energy Healing on Immunomodulatory Response of Herbomineral Formulation in Male Sprague Dawley Rats

A new proprietary herbomineral formulation was formulated, consisting of herbal root extract ashwagandha and minerals (zinc, magnesium, and selenium). The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of the Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment on the test herbomineral formulation in male Sprague Dawley rats. The test formulation was divided into two parts; one was represented as control, while the other part was treated with the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment by eighteen renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as the Biofield Energy Treated formulation. Besides, one group of animals was also received Biofield Energy Treatment by same Biofield Energy Healers under similar conditions. The effect of the test formulation was monitored by an estimation of humoral immune response, delay type hypersensitivity, hematology, biochemistry, body weight, feed intake, relative organ weight, and histopathology in male Sprague Dawley rats. The primary antibody titre level was significantly increased by 36.36% in the Biofield Energy Treated formulation (G3); while decreased by 15.09% in the untreated test formulation (G4) compared to the disease control group (G2). The paw volume was significantly increased by 75% in the Biofield Energy Treated group per se at day -15 (G6) compared to the disease control. The level of red blood corpuscle (RBC) was significantly increased by 14.45% in the G6 group compared to the G2 group. The platelet count was significantly increased by 10.32% in the G3 group; while it was decreased by 5.71% in the G4 group compared with the G2 group. There was a significant elevation of serum phosphorus by 6.04% in the G3 group compared to the G2 group. The concentration of magnesium in serum was increased by 13.00% in the Biofield Energy Treated formulation (G3) compared to the disease control group (G2). The concentration of uric acid was significantly decreased by 8.05% in the Biofield Energy Treated formulation (G3) compared to the G2 group. Further, the change in body weight, feed consumption, organ to body weight ratio data, and histopathology examination did not suggest any statistical difference, which depicts that the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation was found to be safe. These data suggest that the Biofield Treated test formulation can be used for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as Rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, Atherosclerosis, Dermatitis, Diverticulitis, Diabetes, etc. along with stress prevention and management and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Deep Trail-Following Robotic Guide Dog in Pedestrian Environments for People who are Blind and Visually Impaired - Learning from Virtual and Real Worlds

Navigation in pedestrian environments is critical to enabling independent mobility for the blind and visually impaired (BVI) in their daily lives. White canes have been commonly used to obtain contact feedback for following walls, curbs, or man-made trails, whereas guide dogs can assist in avoiding physical contact with obstacles or other pedestrians. However, the infrastructures of tactile trails or guide dogs are expensive to maintain. Inspired by the autonomous lane following of self-driving cars, we wished to combine the capabilities of existing navigation solutions for BVI users. We proposed an autonomous, trail-following robotic guide dog that would be robust to variances of background textures, illuminations, and interclass trail variations. A deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained from both the virtual and realworld environments. Our work included major contributions: 1) conducting experiments to verify that the performance of our models trained in virtual worlds was comparable to that of models trained in the real world; 2) conducting user studies with 10 blind users to verify that the proposed robotic guide dog could effectively assist them in reliably following man-made trails.
Spherical Crystallization: A Novel Particle Design Technique

ABSTRACT Oral route is the most important route of drug administration. In this route, the solid dosage form specially tablets, are the first choice of patient but due to unfavorable physical and mechanical properties their formulation process becomes problematic. Crystallization is the main process in the pharmaceutical industry for particle formation, Where Spherical crystallization is a novel particle engineering technique developed. Basically, it's single step process used for size enlargement of drug. By which crystallization and agglomeration can be carried out simultaneously in one step and which has been successfully utilized for improvement of flowability, compactability and bioavailability of crystalline drugs. General methods of spherical crystallization are spherical agglomeration, emulsion, solvent diffusion method, ammonia diffusion method, neutralization method. Spherical crystallization is having wide applications in pharmaceuticals like improvement of flowability and compressibility of poorly compressible drugs, masking bitter taste of drugs and improving the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drug. Characterization of spherical crystals can be carried out using Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Powder Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Keywords: spherical crystallization, compressibility, flowbility, solubility.
Experiences of cancer rehabilitation: A cross‐sectional study

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the cancer rehabilitation experiences of working-age cancer survivors. BACKGROUND Cancer survivors have extremely complex needs, spanning physical, vocational and sexual domains. Although cancer rehabilitation services have been found to eliminate or reduce these strains, these services are often underutilised. DESIGN A cross-sectional study design was employed. METHODS A survey of persons over the age of 18 with a cancer diagnosis, enrolled in the Social Insurance Agency in a municipality in southern Sweden (n = 168, 68% women), was conducted. RESULTS Patients who used the cancer rehabilitation service (57%) were generally satisfied with it. Of participants, 26% reported not having received an offer of rehabilitation. Of those who reported that they received information about cancer rehabilitation services, most also reported that they received this information from a healthcare service professional (69%); for example, from the oncology nurse or the oncologist, whereas 20% claimed they received the information from the administrator of the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. A minority of children and family members of patients received support from the healthcare system. CONCLUSIONS More efforts should be taken to reach patients in need of cancer rehabilitation. Additionally, more attention should be directed towards family members and young children. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE More than one in four patients claimed to not have received an offer of cancer rehabilitation, and an even greater number of patients claimed that their spouses and children had never received an offer for this service either. Hence, there is a communication barrier that needs to be overcome. Health providers should be aware that information needs to be repeated several times, and presented both orally and in writing.
Genome-wide analysis associates familial colorectal cancer with increases in copy number variations and a rare structural variation at 12 p 12 . 3

Rongxi Yang1,2,*, Bowang Chen3, Katrin Pfütze1,2, Stephan Buch4, Verena Steinke5, Elke Holinski-Feder6, Sarah Stöcker2, Witigo von Schönfels7, Thomas Becker7, Hans K.Schackert8, Brigitte Royer-Pokora9, Matthias Kloor10, Wolff H.Schmiegel11, Reinhard Büttner12, Christoph Engel13, Jesus Lascorz Puertolas3, Asta Försti3,14, Nelli Kunkel3, Peter Bugert15, Stefan Schreiber4,16, Michael Krawczak17, Clemens Schafmayer7, Peter Propping5, Jochen Hampe4, Kari Hemminki3,14 and Barbara Burwinkel1,2
Behavior of an Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Ferritic Steel Irradiated in Phenix

This paper deals with the irradiation behavior of the oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic alloy DT2203Y05, a 13% Cr ferritic alloy strengthened by a fine dispersion of yttrium and titanium oxides. This alloy was irradiated up to 81 dpa in Phenix as fuel pin cladding. The profilometry measurements confirm its high swelling resistance. Few voids, mainly associated with oxides, are observed at low irradiation temperatures, but this alloy is severely embrittled by irradiation. A few cracks are observed in the lower 2/3 of the fissile column, and the longitudinal tensile tests show hardening and severe ductility loss induced by irradiation along the whole fuel column. Transmission electron microscopy observations show that the radiation-induced strong ductility loss results from a fine and uniform {alpha}{prime} precipitation and dislocation loop formation at low temperatures (as in classic ferritic steels) and from important {chi} precipitation at high temperatures. The radiation-induced embrittlement of this ODS ferritic steel results also from the recoil dissolution of oxides leading to the total dissolution of the finer oxides and to the formation of small oxide shells around the larger initial oxides. The oxide dispersion, which is characterized before irradiation by a broad size distribution with oxide-free bands leading tomore » an heterogeneous dislocation loop distribution under irradiation, is probably responsible for the apparition of cracks in the lower 2/3 of the fuel column and for the channel fracture. « less
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Endemic: Maintaining Disease Transmission in At-Risk Urban Areas

Objectives A study of network relationships, geographic contiguity, and risk behavior was designed to test the hypothesis that all 3 are required to maintain endemicity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in at-risk urban communities. Specifically, a highly interactive network, close geographic proximity, and compound risk (multiple high-risk activities with multiple partners) would be required. Methods We enrolled 927 participants from two contiguous geographic areas in Atlanta, GA: a higher-risk area and lower-risk area, as measured by history of HIV reporting. We began by enrolling 30 “seeds” (15 in each area) who were comparable in their demographic and behavioral characteristics, and constructed 30 networks using a chain-link design. We assessed each individual's geographic range; measured the network characteristics of those in the higher and lower-risk areas; and measured compound risk as the presence of two or more (of 6) major risks for HIV. Results Among participants in the higher-risk area, the frequency of compound risk was 15%, compared with 5% in the lower-risk area. Geographic cohesion in the higher-risk group was substantially higher than that in the lower-risk group, based on comparison of geographic distance and social distance, and on the extent of overlap of personal geographic range. The networks in the 2 areas were similar: both areas show highly interactive networks with similar degree distributions, and most measures of network attributes were virtually the same. Conclusions Our original hypothesis was supported in part. The higher and lower-risk groups differed appreciably with regard to risk and geographic cohesion, but were substantially the same with regard to network properties. These results suggest that a “minimum” network configuration may be required for maintenance of endemic transmission, but a particular prevalence level may be determined by factors related to risk, geography, and possibly other factors.
Biocuration in the structure–function linkage database: the anatomy of a superfamily

With ever-increasing amounts of sequence data available in both the primary literature and sequence repositories, there is a bottleneck in annotating molecular function to a sequence. This article describes the biocuration process and methods used in the structure-function linkage database (SFLD) to help address some of the challenges. We discuss how the hierarchy within the SFLD allows us to infer detailed functional properties for functionally diverse enzyme superfamilies in which all members are homologous, conserve an aspect of their chemical function and have associated conserved structural features that enable the chemistry. Also presented is the Enzyme StructureFunction Ontology (ESFO), which has been designed to capture the relationships between enzyme sequence, structure and function that underlie the SFLD and is used to guide the biocuration processes within the SFLD. Database URL: http://sfld.rbvi. ucsf.edu/
Teaching Machines to Code: Neural Markup Generation with Visual Attention

We present a neural transducer model with visual attention that learns to generate LaTeX markup of a real-world math formula given its image. Applying sequence modeling and transduction techniques that have been very successful across modalities such as natural language, image, handwriting, speech and audio; we construct an image-to-markup model that learns to produce syntactically and semantically correct LaTeX markup code over 150 words long and achieves a BLEU score of 89%; improving upon the previous state-of-art for the Im2Latex problem. We also demonstrate with heat-map visualization how attention helps in interpreting the model and can pinpoint (detect and localize) symbols on the image accurately despite having been trained without any bounding box data.
On the History of the Radiation Reaction 1

Apparently, Kepler considered the pointing of comets’ tails away from the Sun as evidence for radiation pressure of light [2]. Following Newton’s third law (see p. 83 of [3]), one might suppose there to be a reaction of the comet back on the incident light. However, this theme lay largely dormant until Poincaré (1891) [38, 42] and Planck (1896) [47] discussed the effect of “radiation damping” on an oscillating electric charge that emits electromagnetic radiation. Already in 1892, Lorentz [39] had considered the self force on an extended, accelerated charge e, finding that for low velocity v this force has the approximate form (in Gaussian units, where c is the speed of light in vacuum), independent of the radius of the charge,
Antibody persistence up to 5 y after vaccination with a quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in adolescents

ABSTRACT Long-term protection against meningococcal disease relies on antibody persistence after vaccination. We report antibody persistence up to 5 y after vaccination in adolescents who received a single dose of either meningococcal serogroups A, C, W, Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT, Pfizer) or MenACWY polysaccharide vaccine (MenPS, GSK Vaccines) at the age of 11–17 y in the randomized controlled primary study NCT00464815. In this phase III, open, controlled, multi-center persistence follow-up study conducted in India and the Philippines (NCT00974363), antibody persistence was evaluated by a serum bactericidal antibody assay using rabbit complement (rSBA) yearly, up to year 5 after vaccination. Serious adverse events (SAEs) related to study participation were recorded. Five years after a single dose of MenACWY-TT, the percentage of participants (N = 236) with rSBA titers ≥1:8 was 97.5% for serogroup A, 88.6% for serogroup C, 86.0% for serogroup W and 96.6% for serogroup Y. The percentages in the MenPS group (N = 86) were 93.0%, 87.1%, 34.9% and 66.3%, respectively. Exploratory analysis indicated a higher percentage of subjects with rSBA titers ≥1:8 for serogroups W and Y, and higher rSBA geometric mean antibody titers for serogroups A, W and Y in the MenACWY-TT group than the MenPS group at each time point (years 3, 4 and 5). No differences between groups were observed for serogroup C. No SAEs related to study participation were reported. In conclusion, the results of this follow-up study indicate that antibodies persisted up to 5 y after a single dose of MenACWY-TT in adolescents.
CoverUp: Privacy Through "Forced" Participation in Anonymous Communication Networks

Many privacy-enhancing technologies, in particular anonymous communication networks (ACNs) as a key building block, suffer from a lack of a sufficient number of participants. Without high user participation, ACNs are vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks. The only ACN with a high number of participants (around 1.5 million users) is Tor. Yet, Tor is prone to traffic analysis attacks traffic pattern attacks. While other ACNs have been proposed that are even secure against global attackers, they are not scalable and suffer from a low number of participants, since even a perfect ACN can at most hide a user among all participating users. These ACNs are in a vicious circle: the lack of participants leads to low degree of anonymity, and a low degree of anonymity makes these ACNs unattractive for users. In this work, we break this vicious cycle by studying the question: Can an anonymous communication network be strengthened by "forced" participation? What privacy guarantees and performance can such an ACN provide? We develop CoverUp, a system that "forces" visitors of highly accessed websites (entry servers) to become involuntary participants of an ACN. CoverUp triggers users to participate in a centralized, constant-rate mix by leveraging basic functionality of their browsers to execute (JavaScript) code served by the entry servers. Candidates for entry servers could be universities or news sites. They would let a distinct CoverUp server provide (via an iframe) JavaScript code to the end-users' browsers, which in turn makes them participate in the ACN via a mix server. Visitors of these entry servers' websites become (involuntary) participants of an ACN, creating cover traffic for voluntary participants. For voluntary participants, we developed a browser extension that renders their CoverUp requests indistinguishable from the cover traffic of involuntary participants. We build two applications on top of CoverUp: an anonymous feed and a chat-both use an additional external CoverUp application. As the feed is uni-directional, we do not need to trust more than the client's machine. As the chat is bi-directional, we do need to trust the CoverUp and the mix server. We show that both achieve practical performance and strong privacy properties via experimental evaluations and an analysis. CoverUp renders voluntary and involuntary participants indistinguishable, thereby including all voluntary and involuntary participants into an anonymity set. Given this, CoverUp provides even more than mere anonymity: the voluntary participants can hide the very intention to use the ACN. As the concept of forced participation raises ethical and legal concerns, we discuss these concerns and describe how these can be addressed.
Functional Brain Imaging Synthesis Based on Image Decomposition and Kernel Modeling: Application to Neurodegenerative Diseases

The rise of neuroimaging in research and clinical practice, together with the development of new machine learning techniques has strongly encouraged the Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) of different diseases and disorders. However, these algorithms are often tested in proprietary datasets to which the access is limited and, therefore, a direct comparison between CAD procedures is not possible. Furthermore, the sample size is often small for developing accurate machine learning methods. Multi-center initiatives are currently a very useful, although limited, tool in the recruitment of large populations and standardization of CAD evaluation. Conversely, we propose a brain image synthesis procedure intended to generate a new image set that share characteristics with an original one. Our system focuses on nuclear imaging modalities such as PET or SPECT brain images. We analyze the dataset by applying PCA to the original dataset, and then model the distribution of samples in the projected eigenbrain space using a Probability Density Function (PDF) estimator. Once the model has been built, we can generate new coordinates on the eigenbrain space belonging to the same class, which can be then projected back to the image space. The system has been evaluated on different functional neuroimaging datasets assessing the: resemblance of the synthetic images with the original ones, the differences between them, their generalization ability and the independence of the synthetic dataset with respect to the original. The synthetic images maintain the differences between groups found at the original dataset, with no significant differences when comparing them to real-world samples. Furthermore, they featured a similar performance and generalization capability to that of the original dataset. These results prove that these images are suitable for standardizing the evaluation of CAD pipelines, and providing data augmentation in machine learning systems -e.g. in deep learning-, or even to train future professionals at medical school.
Stoichiometric Representation of Gene–Protein–Reaction Associations Leverages Constraint-Based Analysis from Reaction to Gene-Level Phenotype Prediction

Genome-scale metabolic reconstructions are currently available for hundreds of organisms. Constraint-based modeling enables the analysis of the phenotypic landscape of these organisms, predicting the response to genetic and environmental perturbations. However, since constraint-based models can only describe the metabolic phenotype at the reaction level, understanding the mechanistic link between genotype and phenotype is still hampered by the complexity of gene-protein-reaction associations. We implement a model transformation that enables constraint-based methods to be applied at the gene level by explicitly accounting for the individual fluxes of enzymes (and subunits) encoded by each gene. We show how this can be applied to different kinds of constraint-based analysis: flux distribution prediction, gene essentiality analysis, random flux sampling, elementary mode analysis, transcriptomics data integration, and rational strain design. In each case we demonstrate how this approach can lead to improved phenotype predictions and a deeper understanding of the genotype-to-phenotype link. In particular, we show that a large fraction of reaction-based designs obtained by current strain design methods are not actually feasible, and show how our approach allows using the same methods to obtain feasible gene-based designs. We also show, by extensive comparison with experimental 13C-flux data, how simple reformulations of different simulation methods with gene-wise objective functions result in improved prediction accuracy. The model transformation proposed in this work enables existing constraint-based methods to be used at the gene level without modification. This automatically leverages phenotype analysis from reaction to gene level, improving the biological insight that can be obtained from genome-scale models.
Non-AUG translation: a new start for protein synthesis in eukaryotes

This review by Kearse and Wilusz discusses the profound impact of non-AUG start codons in eukaryotic translation. It describes how misregulation of non-AUG initiation events contributes to multiple human diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration, and how modulation of non-AUG usage may represent a novel therapeutic strategy.