Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A low-power analog front-end neural acquisition design for seizure detection

This paper presents a low-power instrumentational amplifier (IA) design for EEG signal acquisition for seizure detection. The proposed structure provides a power per channel of 0.92 μW at supply voltage of 0.8 V. Due to the use of buffer structures and impedance boosting loops in the proposed design, the input impedance has reached up to 160 GΩ and 16 GΩ at 1 Hz and 10 Hz frequencies, respectively. Also, the use of design and chopping techniques will lead to an input-referred noise of 1.7 μVrms over the bandwidth of 0.5-100 Hz with a noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 3.87 and a CMRR of 137 dB. The simulations are done using TSMC 180 nm CMOS technology at the supply voltage of 0.8 V.
Role of imaging to choose treatment

Radiologists perform various examinations at every step of lymphomas. The role of imaging is atypical for a ‘classical’ oncologic radiologist, as multiple non-radiological criteria are combined to decide on treatments. A good knowledge of the practical use of the results helps the radiologist to seek the useful pieces of information. In treatment evaluation, uncertain complete response is only used in lymphomas. Imaging is changing, with the emergence of PET and whole body MRI but CT remains the key examination today. The WHO criteria are the only ones used to evaluate treatment results on CT, even though the use of PET is increasingly used, with better and better results.
Crucial role of androgen receptor in vascular H2S biosynthesis induced by testosterone

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is a gaseous mediator strongly involved in cardiovascular homeostasis, where it provokes vasodilatation. Having previously shown that H2S contributes to testosterone‐induced vasorelaxation, here we aim to uncover the mechanisms underlying this effect.
High and Far: Biases in the Location of Protected Areas

Background About an eighth of the earth's land surface is in protected areas (hereafter “PAs”), most created during the 20th century. Natural landscapes are critical for species persistence and PAs can play a major role in conservation and in climate policy. Such contributions may be harder than expected to implement if new PAs are constrained to the same kinds of locations that PAs currently occupy. Methodology/Principal Findings Quantitatively extending the perception that PAs occupy “rock and ice”, we show that across 147 nations PA networks are biased towards places that are unlikely to face land conversion pressures even in the absence of protection. We test each country's PA network for bias in elevation, slope, distances to roads and cities, and suitability for agriculture. Further, within each country's set of PAs, we also ask if the level of protection is biased in these ways. We find that the significant majority of national PA networks are biased to higher elevations, steeper slopes and greater distances to roads and cities. Also, within a country, PAs with higher protection status are more biased than are the PAs with lower protection statuses. Conclusions/Significance In sum, PAs are biased towards where they can least prevent land conversion (even if they offer perfect protection). These globally comprehensive results extend findings from nation-level analyses. They imply that siting rules such as the Convention on Biological Diversity's 2010 Target [to protect 10% of all ecoregions] might raise PA impacts if applied at the country level. In light of the potential for global carbon-based payments for avoided deforestation or REDD, these results suggest that attention to threat could improve outcomes from the creation and management of PAs.
Trapping HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Before and After Translocation on DNA*

A disulfide cross-linking strategy was used to covalently trap as a stable complex (complex N) a short-lived, kinetic intermediate in DNA polymerization. This intermediate corresponds to the product of polymerization prior to translocation. We also prepared the trapped complex that corresponds to the product of polymerization after translocation (complex P). The cross-linking method that we used is a variation of a technique developed by the Verdine and Harrison laboratories. It involves disulfide interchange between an engineered sulfhydryl group of the protein (Q258C mutation) and a disulfide-containing tether attached at the N 2amino group of a modified dG in either the template or the primer strand of the nucleic acid. We report here a highly efficient synthesis of the precursor, bis(3-aminopropyl)disulfide dihydrochloride, used to introduce this substituent into the oligonucleotide. Efficient cross-linking takes place when the base pair containing the substituent is positioned seven registers from the dNTP-binding site (N site) and the N site is occupied. Complex N, but not complex P, is a substrate for the ATP-based excision reaction that unblocks nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-terminated primers and causes resistance to several NRTIs, confirming predictions that the excision reaction takes place only when the 3′-end of the primer is bound at the N site. These techniques can be used for biochemical and structural studies of the mechanism of DNA polymerization, translocation, and excision-based resistance of RT to NRTIs. They may also be useful in studying other DNA or RNA polymerases or other enzymes.
Head-to-head comparison of indices of left ventricular contractile reserve assessed by high-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: five-year follow up

Objective: To compare head to head the indices of left ventricular contractile reserve assessed by high-dose dobutamine in the five-year prognosis of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Design and setting: Prospective study in a tertiary care centre. Patients: 63 consecutive patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Interventions: High-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography was performed in progressive stages lasting 5 min each. Wall motion score index, ejection fraction, cardiac power output and end systolic pressure to volume ratio were evaluated as indices of left ventricular contractility. Main outcome measure: Five-year cardiac mortality. Results: During the follow up of 59 patients, 27 (45.8%) died of cardiac causes. According to Kaplan–Meier and receiver operating characteristic analyses all indices of contractile reserve differentiated patients with respect to cardiac death. Wall motion score index achieved the best separation (log rank 21.75, p < 0.0001, area under the curve 0.84), followed by change in ejection fraction (log rank 11.25, p = 0.0008, area under the curve 0.79), end systolic pressure to volume ratio (log rank 14.32, p = 0.0002, area under the curve 0.75) and cardiac power output (log rank 9.84, p = 0.0017, area under the curve 0.71). Cox’s regression model identified wall motion score index as the only independent predictor of cardiac death. Conclusions: These data show that all examined indices of left ventricular contractile reserve are predictive of five-year prognosis, but change in wall motion score index may have the greatest prognostic potential.
An Evaluation of the Effect of Polycaprolactone/Gelatin (Pcl/Gt) Nanofiber Scaffold on the Therapeutic Function of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hematopoietic stem cells are one of the new therapeutic options for treating skin ulcers. Recently, a new perspective has been developed to better utilize stem cells using nanofiber scaffolds. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCL/GT) nanofiber scaffold on the therapeutic function of hematopoietic stem cells. METHODS: In this experimental study, 15 male BALB / c mice were divided into three groups of five, including the control group, the group receiving stem cells in the wound site (cell group) and the group receiving cell + PCL nanofiber scaffold. PCL/GT nanofiber scaffold was prepared by electrotherapy. After hematoxylin and eosin staining, the parameters of epidermal repair and hair follicle formation in the wound site were evaluated by fluorescence microscope and Image J and SPSS programs. FINDINGS: On day 28 after transplantation, the highest and lowest epidermal thicknesses were observed in the cell + scaffold group and control group, which were 10.5±0.3 and 27.3±0.9 μm, respectively, which was significant (p<0.05). Moreover, the highest and lowest number of hair follicles were observed in the cell + scaffold group and control group, respectively; 5.2±0.2 and 4.2±0.3. The difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.01) CONCLUSION: Polycaprolactone / gelatin (PCL/GT) nanofiber scaffold significantly increases the therapeutic function of hematopoietic stem cells in the wound site.
Free-Handling Technique or Mechanical Needle Guide Device?

To the Editor: I read with interest the study by Dolan et al. They report an increase of sensory loss in the medial aspect of the thigh after a fascia iliaca block using ultrasonography. These results are interesting but suffer from limitations. Their technique using a block needle is not the same as that described by Capdevila et al, who used a Tuohy needle to perform the block and reported a higher success rate on the femoral nerve. Previously, I used similar shortbevel block needles as described by Dolan et al, but soon abandoned them because of poor tactile sensations and low success rate. Inadequate needles could be responsible, at least in part, for block failure due to overly superficial or intramuscular (iliopsoas muscle) injection. The results of the study of Dolan et al might be different if they used a Tuohy needle, which could permit better tactile sensations, control of distance from the skin, and sensation of resistance to injection. Nevertheless, even when injection is performed with a Tuohy needle, diffusion of the local anesthetic is unpredictable and uncontrollable. In conclusion, although it is understandable that block success is higher with the use of ultrasonography when the needle is not optimal, it remains unproven whether using another needle would be better.
INDIUM EXTRACTION FROM LCD SCREENS

Liquid crystal display (LCD) screens are present in a variety of electronic devices including televisions, computers, cell phones, global positioning system (GPS) devices, and others. On a vitreous layer of their inner surface these screens contain the chemical element indium. The presence of this element, considered a critical raw material due to its economic importance and scarce availability, renders the recycling of these screens increasingly attractive. The present study therefore was undertaken with the aim of extracting indium present in LCD screens. Damaged or obsolete monitors with LCD screens were collected and dismantled manually to remove the glass layer containing indium, and subsequently, the glass layer was ground in a ball mill. After grinding, leaching tests for indium extraction were performed. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), at different temperatures and concentrations, was tested as a leaching agent at solid/liquid ratios of 1/100 and 1/10. The results obtained reveal the possibility of extracting indium, with the best result being obtained with HCl 6 M, 60°C, s/l ratio 1/100, with 298 mg In/kg. ​
Replacing eligibility trace for action-value learning with function approximation

The eligibility trace is one of the most used mechanisms to speed up reinforcement learning. Earlier reported experiments seem to indicate that replacing eligibility traces would perform better than accumulating eligibility traces. However, replacing traces are currently not applicable when using function approximation methods where states are not represented uniquely by binary values. This paper proposes two modifications to replacing traces that overcome this limitation. Experimental results from the Mountain-Car task indicate that the new replacing traces outperform both the accumulating and the ‘ordinary’ replacing traces.
A Fully Differential Comparator-Based Switched-Capacitor  $\Delta\Sigma$ Modulator

In this brief, a fully differential comparator-based switched-capacitor (CBSC) second-order delta-sigma (DeltaSigma) modulator is presented. To ensure differential operation, the CBSC DeltaSigma modulator utilizes a common-mode feedback circuit to balance the pull-up current and the pull-down current in the ramp generator. This modulator has been fabricated in a standard 0.18-mum CMOS process. The active area is 0.21 mm2, and the power consumption, excluding output buffers, is 0.42 mW from a 1.8-V supply. This modulator achieves 65.3-dB signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio and an input dynamic range of 71 dB when sampled at 2.56 MS/s (OSR = 64).
Stereo In-Line Holographic Digital Microscope

Biologists use optical microscopes to study plankton in the lab, but their size, complexity and cost makes widespread deployment of microscopes in lakes and oceans challenging. Monitoring the morphology, behavior and distribution of plankton in situ is essential as they are excellent indicators of marine environment health and provide a majority of Earth’s oxygen and carbon sequestration. Direct in-line holographic microscopy (DIHM) eliminates many of these obstacles, but image reconstruction is computationally intensive and produces monochromatic images. By using one laser and one white LED, it is possible to obtain the 3D location plankton by triangulation, limiting holographic reconstruction to only the voxels occupied by the plankton, reducing computation by several orders of magnitude. The color information from the white LED assists in the classification of plankton, as phytoplankton contains green-colored chlorophyll. The reconstructed plankton images are rendered in a 3D interactive environment, viewable from a browser, providing the user the experience of observing plankton from inside a drop of water.
Progressive tetrahedralizations

The paper describes some fundamental issues for robust implementations of progressively refined tetrahedralizations generated through sequences of edge collapses. We address the definition of appropriate cost functions and explain on various tests which are necessary to preserve the consistency of the mesh when collapsing edges. Although considered a special case of progressive simplicial complexes (J. Popovic and H. Hoppe, 1997), the results of our method are of high practical importance and can be used in many different applications, such as finite element meshing, scattered data interpolation, or rendering of unstructured volume data.
A New Location-Aware Authorization Mechanism for Indoor Environments

This work proposes a distributed access control mechanism based on location data and its application in the context of smart buildings. Our approach includes an access control engine embedded into smart objects, which are responsible to make authorization decisions by considering both user location data and access credentials. User location data are estimated using magnetic field data measured and sent by users through their personal phone. The proposed location-aware access control mechanism does not require any additional hardware or intermediate entities, providing the benefits of a decentralized and flexible solution for indoor environments. From the results obtained, we can consider our proposal as an appropriate solution in order to tackle the challenging security requirements of typical pervasive environments.
Up-scaling perovskite solar cell manufacturing from sheet-to-sheet to roll-to-roll: challenges and solutions

Organometallic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are extremely promising novel materials for thin-film photovoltaics, exhibiting efficiencies over 22% on glass and over 17% on foil 1, 2 . First, a sheet-to-sheet (S2S) production of PSCs and modules on 152x152 mm2 substrates was established, using a combination of sputtering, e-beam evaporation, slot die coating and thermal evaporation (average PCE of 14.6 ± 1.3 % over 64 devices, more than 10% initial PCE on modules). Later the steps towards a roll-to-roll production will be investigated, starting from the optimization of the stack to make it compatible with a faster production at low temperature. A water based SnOx nanoparticles dispersion was used as solution processable ETL, and the deposition process was scaled-up from spin coating to R2R slot die coating on a 300 mm wide roll of PET/ITO. R2R production is often carried out in ambient atmosphere and involve the use of large volumes of materials, thus a first point is the development of a green solvent and precursor system for the perovskite layer to prevent the emission of toxic compound in the environment. The first results on device fabrication are encouraging, which allow partial R2R manufacturing of flexible PSC (R2R coating of SnOx and perovskite, S2S for Spiro-OMeTAD and gold) with stabilized PCE of 12.6%, a remarkable value for these novel devices. This result can be considered an important milestone towards the production of efficient, low cost, lightweight, flexible PSC on large area.
Quantitative Tracking of Isotope Flows in Proteomes of Microbial Communities

Stable isotope probing (SIP) has been used to track nutrient flows in microbial communities, but existing protein-based SIP methods capable of quantifying the degree of label incorporation into peptides and proteins have been demonstrated only by targeting usually less than 100 proteins per sample. Our method automatically (i) identifies the sequence of and (ii) quantifies the degree of heavy atom enrichment for thousands of proteins from microbial community proteome samples. These features make our method suitable for comparing isotopic differences between closely related protein sequences, and for detecting labeling patterns in low-abundance proteins or proteins derived from rare community members. The proteomic SIP method was validated using proteome samples of known stable isotope incorporation levels at 0.4%, ∼50%, and ∼98%. The method was then used to monitor incorporation of 15N into established and regrowing microbial biofilms. The results indicate organism-specific migration patterns from established communities into regrowing communities and provide insights into metabolism during biofilm formation. The proteomic SIP method can be extended to many systems to track fluxes of 13C or 15N in microbial communities.
Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis.

Background— Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) occurs spontaneously or sometimes develops as a complication of pacemaker use, long-term use of a central venous catheter (CVC), or cancer. Methods and Results— To improve our understanding of UEDVT, we compared the demographics, symptoms, risk factors, prophylaxis, and initial management of 324 (6%) patients with central venous catheter (CVC)–associated UEDVT, 268 (5%) patients with non–CVC-associated UEDVT, and 4796 (89%) patients with lower-extremity DVT from a prospective US multicenter DVT registry. The non–CVC-associated UEDVT patients were younger (59.2±18.2 versus 64.2±16.9 years old; P<0.0001), less often white (65% versus 73%; P<0.01), leaner (body mass index [BMI] 26.8±7.1 versus 28.5±7.3 kg/m2; P<0.001), and more likely to smoke (19% versus 13%; P=0.02) than the lower-extremity DVT patients. By way of propensity analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis, we determined that an indwelling CVC was the strongest independent pre.
Selective inhibition of proteins regulating CDK/cyclin complexes: strategy against cancer—a review

Cancer prevention is a global priority, but history indicates that the journey towards achieving the goal is difficult. Various cyclin dependent kinase complexes (CDKs/cyclins) operate as major cell signaling components in all stages of cell cycle. CDK/cyclin protein complexes, regulating the cell cycle, are conserved during evolution. In cancer cells, cell division is uncontrolled and CDKs/cyclins become ‘check-points’ or targets. Keeping this in view the proteins cyclin C, cyclin D2, CDKN1C, and Growth Arrest and DNA Damage (GADD45α) which play a major role in regulating CDK/cyclin complexes and operate in the initial stages of cell cycle (G0 phase–S phase), have been identified as promising targets. Targeting critical regulators of cell-cycle signaling components by applying modern computational techniques is projected to be a potential tool for future cancer research.
Optimizing complex decision support queries for parallel execution

This paper presents ModParOpt 1 , a parallel optimizer for complex relational queries, which meets perfectly the requirements of modern database applications (e.g. decision support and data mining). The optimizers architecture was developed in a very strict modular way being therefore highly extensible. It integrates an intelligent resource allocation module coupled with a randomized search module to seek for the best parallelization strategy with regard to the current machine work load. Experiments performed on a 100 relation database with 432 randomly chosen queries show the eeectiveness of ModParOpt.
Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve and three-dimensional echocardiography.

From the *Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; †Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China; and ‡Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Address reprint requests to Luyang Jiang, MD, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, 11 Xi Zhi Men South Street, Beijing, China 100044. E-mail: jiangly1018@hotmail.com © 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. 1053-0770/2605-0031$36.00/0 http://dx.doi. org/10.1053/j.jvca. 2013.05. 041
Intelligence in Artificial Intelligence

The elusive quest for intelligence in artificial intelligence prompts us to consider that instituting human-level intelligence in systems may be (still) in the realm of utopia. In about a quarter century, we have witnessed the winter of AI (1990) being transformed and transported to the zenith of tabloid fodder about AI (2015). The discussion at hand is about the elements that constitute the canonical idea of intelligence. The delivery of intelligence as a pay-per-use-service, popping out of an app or from a shrink-wrapped software defined point solution, is in contrast to the bio-inspired view of intelligence as an outcome, perhaps formed from a tapestry of events, cross-pollinated by instances, each with its own microcosm of experiences and learning, which may not be discrete all-or-none functions but continuous, over space and time. The enterprise world may not require, aspire or desire such an engaged solution to improve its services for enabling digital transformation through the deployment of digital twins, for example. One might ask whether the "work-flow on steroids" version of decision support may suffice for intelligence? Are we harking back to the era of rule based expert systems? The image conjured by the publicity machines offers deep solutions with human-level AI and preposterous claims about capturing the "brain in a box" by 2020. Even emulating insects may be difficult in terms of real progress. Perhaps we can try to focus on worms (Caenorhabditis elegans) which may be better suited for what business needs to quench its thirst for so-called intelligence in AI.
AMUSE : A Tool for Evaluating Affective Interfaces

The design of affective interfaces introduces new challenges for their assessment. New methods and tools have to be developed, taking into account the emotional dimension of Computer-Human Interactions. This paper presents the tool AMUSE that allows to conduct such evaluations by collecting and aggregating different sources of data including user's eye gaze and physiological data. Some results of an experiment on simulated Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs) are briefly presented as an illustration of the new possibilities of investigation brought by AMUSE. Author