Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced risk of neonatal respiratory infections among breastfed girls but not boys.

OBJECTIVE The effect of breastfeeding on community-acquired neonatal infections has not been well studied, although the neonatal period is one of special vulnerability to infectious pathogens. Respiratory tract infections are the neonatal infection most commonly diagnosed after nursery discharge. We therefore chose respiratory tract infections diagnosed after nursery discharge as representative of neonatal community-acquired infection and studied the impact of breastfeeding on this neonatal infection syndrome. METHODS An unmatched nested case-control study was performed within a previously defined study cohort of 13 224 mother-infant pairs delivering between October 1, 1990, and March 31, 1998. Infants who were delivered at < 37 weeks' gestation were excluded. Neonatal respiratory tract infections were defined using modified National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System criteria and were included in the case series when diagnosed after nursery discharge and at age < or =30 days. Infant feeding status during the first month of life was ascertained using automated text search of electronic medical records and was categorized as exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding, or exclusive formula feeding. RESULTS A total of 241 neonatal respiratory tract infections were found, and 1205 control subjects were selected. Compared with control subjects, case infants were more often born during the winter respiratory syncytial virus season (48% vs 33%), more likely to have a sibling present (70% vs 54%), and more likely to be a member of a socioeconomically at-risk family (24% vs 18%). Case patients were less likely to be exclusively breastfed (38% vs 44%) and equally likely to be exposed to mixed feeding (35% vs 34%) relative to control subjects. When compared with formula feeding only, the odds ratio (OR) of exclusive breastfeeding was 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49-0.99) and that of mixed feeding was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.58-1.2). However, when stratified by infant sex, the inverse association between breastfeeding and risk of neonatal respiratory tract infection was confined to neonatal girls, for whom the unadjusted ORs associated with breastfeeding only and mixed feeding were 0.5 (95% CI: 0.29-0.78) and 0.6 (95% CI: 0.35-0.93), respectively. There was no meaningful association between breastfeeding and risk of neonatal respiratory tract infection among neonatal boys, for whom the unadjusted ORs associated with breastfeeding only and mixed feeding were 1.1 (95% CI: 0.63-1.8) and 1.3 (95% CI: 0.74-2.1), respectively. After adjustment for year of birth, season of birth, siblings, and socioeconomic status, both exclusive breastfeeding and mixed feeding remained protective among girls, with ORs of 0.5 (0.29-0.78) and 0.6 (0.34-0.93), respectively. The corresponding ORs for boys were 1.1 (0.64-2.0) and 1.4 (0.78-2.4). CONCLUSIONS Breastfeeding was inversely associated with reduced risk of neonatal respiratory tract infections in girls but not in boys. Breastfeeding may confer protection against some community-acquired infections as early as the first month of life.
Social workers’ experiences of integrated case management for low-income individuals with mental illness in South Korea

Using a mixed methodology, the current level of integrated case management in South Korea was examined by exploring barriers to successful cooperation among agencies and quantifying networking activities in assisting low-income individuals with mental illness. Findings indicate the following: (1) struggling with limited resources while unrealistic expectations are imposed on mental health professionals, (2) poor collaboration and (3) the need for a functional organisation that plays a centralised role for a stronger and efficient integrated case management system. The results suggest the need to adopt a workable paradigm founded on a unified system within communities and a ‘sharing’ atmosphere.
PEROXISOMES IN ABSORPTIVE CELLS OF MAMMALIAN SMALL INTESTINE

Huge numbers of peroxisomes are present in guinea pig duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and in rat duodenum. The peroxisomes have been studied by light and electron microscopy, including visualization by incubation in a newly-developed alkaline 3,3' diaminobenzidine (DAB) medium. Electron micrographs of more than 3700 guinea pig peroxisomes have been studied. The diameter of most peroxisomes ranges from 0.15 µ. to 0.25 µ. They often appear in clusters, surrounded by and continuous, in numerous places, with smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER is extremely tortuous in these regions. Serial sectioning is valuable for studying the ER-peroxisome relationships but viewing sections at different angles, tilted with a goniometer stage, is more informative. The intimate relations of the two organelles appear the same in tissue fixed in four different fixatives. The peroxisomes may be interpreted as localized dilatations of smooth ER retaining multiple membranous continuities. This interpretation is discussed in light of the turnover data on peroxisomal proteins of rat hepatocytes reported by Poole and colleagues. The very large numbers of peroxisomes in intestinal epithelium lead to speculations concerning their functional significance. They resemble the small peroxisomes described in many other cell types. Although the distinctive relationship of these peroxisomes to the ER is probably more significant than their small size, for practical purposes we propose the term "microperoxisomes" to distinguish these peroxisomes from the better-known larger peroxisomes of liver and kidney.
Author ' s personal copy A novel configuration for UWB LNA suitable for low-power and low-voltage applications

Two UWB LNAs based on a new configuration suitable for low-power and low-voltage applications are presented. The proposed configuration saves bias circuit because of sharing only a bias circuit. In designing LNA-1 good phase linearity property achievement is followed for low-power and low-voltage applications, while in LNA-2 the main concerns are high power gain, by keeping low-power consumption, and small chip area. By taking advantages of resistive-feedback and RLC load, wideband input matching is obtained. Based on the proposed configuration, accompany with complete noise analysis, noise of LNA-2 is highly suppressed and flat noise figure is reaped. The 130 nm CMOS LNA-1 and LNA-2 dissipate 2.95 mW and 6.09 mW, respectively, from 0.7 V supply voltage, without using of forward-body-bias technology. Input return loss of both LNAs is below than 10.5 dB while LNA-1 achieves average power gain of 9 dB and LNA-2 17 dB. The group-delay variation of LNA-1 is about 76.1 ps over the band of 3.1–10.6 GHz. The NF of LNA-2 is 2.4–2.89 dB over the whole band of interest. & 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Design and implementation of quantum cellular automata based novel parity generator and checker circuits with minimum complexity and cell count

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a possible future nanoelectronic computing technology, based on cells of coupled quantum dots. The QCA cells have features on the very low nanometer scale, much smaller than the present state of art size of the smallest transistor. This paper presents design and layout of novel XOR gate implementations with minimum complexity and cell count in comparison with the already proposed designs. We present here QCA implementation of combinational circuits like parity generator and checker based on the proposed XOR gate designs. The proposed designs were verified using simulation from QCA designer tool. These algorithms and simulations are useful for building more complex circuits based on QCA.
Semantic and visual relatedness of distractors impairs episodic retrieval of pictures in a divided attention paradigm

ABSTRACT We used a divided attention (DA) paradigm to infer the representational codes needed to support episodic retrieval of pictures, by measuring susceptibility to memory interference from different distracting tasks. Participants made recognition memory decisions to semantically categorized sets of pictures while simultaneously making size judgments to a set of visually-presented distractor pictures. Recognition accuracy was worse and response times were slower under DA conditions relative to full attention (FA), regardless of semantic relatedness of distractors to targets (Experiment 1). Similarly, we found no differential memory interference under DA relative to FA when distractor pictures were either visually (but not semantically), semantically (but not visually), or unrelated to the targets (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, memory interference was significantly larger under DA at retrieval when distractors were both semantically and visually similar to the targets. Findings suggest episodic memory for pictures requires access to either visually- or semantically-based representations for optimal performance.
Revisiting TCP Outcast Problem Using DCTCP in Data Center Networks

Data Center Networks (DCNs) today are used to compute and store the data of multiple users because of low cost, flexibility and availability. In this multi-tenant cloud environment, resources are shared among different users. Suppose two users fetch data at same time from the same DCNs, one fetches small amount of data (like web search) while another user fetches larger amount of data (like software update). If these large set of flows and small set of flows arrive at two different input ports of a switch and compete for same output port, then large flow packets get the buffer while small flow packets are dropped consecutively. This issue occurs due to drop tail implementation of queue in switches and as one set of flows is outcast by other, the problem is known as TCP Outcast. While a few studies have already explored the TCP Outcast problem, this paper aims to revisit this problem by using DCTCP in DCNs. The experiments carried out using Mininet show that DCTCP solves the problem of TCP Outcast by ensuring fairness for all types of flows.
SIGINFIKANSI UPACARA SIKLUS POSUO DALAM MEMBANGUN SEMESTA KEPERIBADIAN REMAJA WANITA PADA MASYARAKAT BUTON

Abstract The study of Posuo Ceremony in the Buton community is a decriptive research. Its aims is to know the urgency and significance of posuo in building the good characters of women teenager. By using Miles and Huberman’s perspective, the data were obtained through indepth interview, observation and review of the literature. Based on this study, it indicates that: adat ceremony for Butonese is essential and significance in building characters based on the value of ethics and religious to women teenager. The advantages of the ceremony is it can cultivate the relationship among the Butenese community as well as strengthen the principles of solidarity. However, the ceremony now practice rarely by the community. The main problem is the economic factor. In addition to the other factor is the minimum effort from Butonese community to socialize this traditional ceremony. Key Words: local ceremony, women teenager, character building, Buton. Abstrak Studi ini adalah studi deskriptif tentang upacara posuo dalam masyarakat Buton. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penting dan signifikannya upacara ini dalam membentuk perilaku yang baik bagi anakanak perempuan. Dengan menggunakan perspektif Milles dan haberman, data dikumpulkan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan review literature. Dari penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa upacara adat bagi masyarakat Buton sangatlah penting dan signifikan dalam membentuk karakter anak perempuan yang didasarkan pada nilai-nilai etnik dan agama. Kelebihan dari penyelenggaraan posuo adalah dapat meningkatkan hubungan dinatara sesame masyarakat Buton dan juga mempererat persaudaraan/solidaritas. Namun kini, upacara ini sudah sangat jarang dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Penyebab utamanya adalah factor ekonomi. Selain itu kurangnya sosialisasi internal dalam masyarakat Buton menjadi salah pendukung melemahnya minat masyarakat untuk menyelenggarakan upacara posuo. Kata Kunci: upacara adat, Anak perempuan, pembentukan karakter, Buton.
2 D-3 D Hybrid Face Recognition Based on PCA and Feature Modelling

Hybrid face recognition, using image (2D) and structural (3D) information, has explored the fusion of Nearest Neighbour classifiers. This paper examines the effectiveness of feature modelling for each individual modality, 2D and 3D. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the fusion of feature modelling techniques for the 2D and 3D modalities yields performance improvements over the individual classifiers. By fusing the feature modelling classifiers for each modality with equal weights the average Equal Error Rate improves from 12.60% for the 2D classifier and 12.10% for the 3D classifier to 7.38% for the Hybrid 2D+3D clasiffier.
Characterization of early pathogenesis in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS: part I, background and methods

Charcot first described amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in 1869; however, its causes remain largely unknown and effective, long‐term treatment strategies are not available. The first mouse model of ALS was developed after the identification of mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene in 1993, and accordingly most of our knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease comes from studies carried out using this animal model. Although numerous preclinical trials have been conducted in the mutant SOD1 mouse models, the results have been disappointing because they did not positively translate to clinical trials. One explanation may be that current understanding of when and where pathogenesis begins is insufficient to accurately guide preclinical trials. Further characterization of these early events may provide insight into disease onset, help in the discovery of presymptomatic diagnostic disease markers, and identify novel therapeutic targets. Here, we describe the rationale, approach, and methods for our extensive analysis of early changes that included an ultrastructural examination of central and peripheral components of the neuromuscular system in the SOD1G93A mouse and correlated these alterations with early muscle denervation, motor dysfunction, and motoneuron death. We also provide a discussion of published work to review what is known regarding early pathology in the SOD1 mouse model of ALS. The significance of this work is that we have examined early pathology simultaneously in both the spinal cord and peripheral neuromuscular system, and the results are presented in the companion paper (Part II, Results and Discussion). Our results provide evidence as to why a thorough characterization of animal models throughout the life span is critical for a strong foundation to design preclinical trials that may produce meaningful results.
Protection against Denial of Service Attacks: Attack Detection

: Denial of Service (DoS) is a prevalent threat in today's networks because DoS attacks are easy to launch, while defending a network resource against them is disproportionately difficult. Despite the extensive research in recent years, DoS attacks continue to harm, as the attackers adapt to the newer protection mechanisms. There is an emerging need for the traffic processing capability of network security mechanisms, such as intrusion detection systems (IDS), to match the high throughput of today’s high-bandwidth networks. Recent research has shown that the vast majority of security solutions deployed today are inadequate for processing traffic at a sufficiently high rate to keep pace with the network’s bandwidth. To alleviate this problem, packet sampling schemes at the front end of network monitoring systems (such as an IDS) have been proposed. However, existing sampling algorithms are poorly suited for this task especially because they are unable to adapt to the trends in network traffic. Satisfying such a criterion requires a sampling algorithm to be capable of controlling its sampling rate to provide sufficient accuracy at minimal overhead. To meet this utopian goal, adaptive sampling algorithms have been proposed. In this paper, we put forth an adaptive sampling algorithm based on weighted least squares prediction. The proposed sampling algorithm is tailored to enhance the capability of network based IDS at detecting denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Not only does the algorithm adaptively reduce the volume of data that would be analyzed by an IDS, but it also maintains the intrinsic self-similar characteristic of network traffic. The latter characteristic of the algorithm can be used by an IDS to detect DoS attacks by using the fact that a change in the self-similarity of network traffic is a known indicator of a DoS attack.
DESIGN APPROACH FOR MODELING MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS

This paper deals with a design approach for modeling any manufacturing system, formalized through the notion of software architecture used in the software engineering domain. First, we describe the adopted method of modeling manufacturing system and next the building of software architecture. The proposed modeling of manufacturing system begins with the description of the concerned system until the analysis of the obtained final model. The approach follows sequential steps grouped in two modules: generation of conceptual model and analysis step. From the physical description of the system, the conceptual model is building through a linear succession of entities that represents resources of the manufacturing system. Entities are connected by links that allows the representation of the synchronization between the two adjacent entities. The Petri Nets (PN) have been chosen as analysis tool because PN model offers qualitative properties that characterize the dynamic behavior of the system. In the context of a modular modeling, the class of Controllable-Output Petri Nets (COPN) is well suited, because of the integration operation, preserving the qualitative properties. In this context, each link is modeled following a COPN and these links are integrated through a specify rule. The software architecture of a system allows describing elements of the concerned system and the relationships among them. We use the software engineering concepts for modeling the integration principle of sub Petri nets, which are issued from the modeling approach proposed above. The integration rule of Petri nets is specified following a hierarchical of description units. Each description unit represents a data and/or an operation of the integration rule. The software architecture is obtained through a top-down strategy where the top-level description unit represents exactly the system functionality. The hierarchy of description units is built through data decomposition at the beginning and functional decomposition after that. The building strategy allows creating relations between different description units situated in adjacent levels, through the notion of imported operations that are defined in their corresponding description units. The methodology is supported by a formal language to write description units. As the UML formalism (Unified Modeling Language) is an unquestionable standard of modeling around an object approach, and to validate the obtained software architecture, we generate the corresponding UML model of the integration rule through a translation process. We conclude that the design approach presents a theoretical framework for the realization of the integration operation. The principle is applied recursively and we obtain an integrated final PN that will be analyzed, providing information on the state of the manufacturing system.
Me, Myself and Self-harm: An Investigation of the Influences of Self-Perceptions in Self-harm and Recovery

6 Method . 9 Pre-registration of Review Protocol. 9 Search Strategy . 9 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria . 10 Risk of Bias . 11 Results . 12 Study Characteristics . 12 Risk of Bias Assessments . 12 Measures Used in Studies . 14 Relationship between NSSI and Self-esteem . 14 Self-esteem and NSSI-related Behaviors . 14 Self-esteem as a Predictor of NSSI Severity. 15 Self-esteem as a Mediator Leading to NSSI . 16 Confounding factors’ Influence on a Self-esteem and NSSI relationship . 16 Specific Factors within Self-esteem Influence NSSI . 17 Discussion . 24 Limitations, Future Recommendations and Clinical Implications . 26 Conclusions . 28 References . 29 Chapter 2: Empirical Research . 42 Abstract . 43. 43 Introduction . 44 Self-perceptions in Self-harm . 45 Recovery as a Multidimensional Concept . 47 Current Study . 48 Methods. 49 Participants . 49 Measures . 50 Data Analysis . 54 Results . 54 Sample Characteristics . 54 The Influences of Self-perceptions in Predicting Self-harm Recovery . 55 Discussion . 61 Limitations . 63 Clinical Implications . 65 Conclusions . 65 References . 67 Appendices . 79 Appendix A: Author Guidelines for Target Journal A . 80 Appendix B: Quality Assessment Tool. 83 Appendix C: Author Guidelines for Target Journal B . 86 Appendix D: Study Poster . 89 Appendix E: Risk Protocol . 90 Appendix F: Telephone Screen . 98 Appendix G: Study Information and Informed Consent Sheet . 103 Appendix H: Demographic Information Sheet and Questionnaires . 109 Appendix I: Statement on Study Recruitment and Ethical Approvals with Amendment . 126 Appendix J: Pre-Study Consultation . 136 Appendix K: Data Screening to Test Assumptions for Regression Analyses . 139
Burnout Among Manufacturing Workers in China: The Effects of Organizational Socialization and Leadership Behavior

The relationship between organizational socialization Training, Understanding, Coworker Support, and Future Prospects and leadership behavior Monitor, Producer, Consideration for Others, and Trust in Others and burnout Emotional Exhaustion and Personal Accomplishment were explored and discussed. Data were collected from 341 Chinese manufacturing workers in Southern China. Results revealed that organizational socialization was highly and negatively correlated with Emotional Exhaustion, but highly and positively with Personal Accomplishment. Monitor, Consideration, and Trust were highly and negatively correlated with Emotional Exhaustion, but all the four leadership behaviors were highly and positively correlated with Personal Accomplishment. Regression revealed Training and Monitor to be significant predictors of Emotional Exhaustion, and Understanding, Coworker Support, and Trust explained significant variance of Personal Accomplishment. Management implications are discussed, and future research is indicated.
Priority inheritance spin locks for multiprocessor real-time systems

When a real-time system is realized on a shared-memory multiprocessor priority-ordered spin locks are often required to reduce priority inversions. However, simple priority-ordered spin locks can cause uncontrolled priority inversions when they are used for nested spin locks. This paper points out the problem of uncontrolled priority inversions in the context of spin locks and proposes priority inheritance spin locks, spin lock algorithms that are enhanced with the priority inheritance scheme, to solve the problem. Two algorithms of priority inheritance spin locks are presented and their effectiveness is demonstrated through performance measurements.