Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of neurons and fibers containing calcium binding proteins in the pallial amygdala of mouse, with special emphasis on those of the basolateral amygdalar complex

We studied the development of neurons and fibers containing calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the mouse pallial amygdala, with special emphasis on those of the basolateral amygdalar complex. Numerous calbindin‐immunoreactive (CB+) cells were observed in the incipient basolateral amygdalar complex and cortical amygdalar area from E13.5. At E16.5, CB+ cells became more abundant in the lateral and basolateral nuclei than in the basomedial nucleus, showing a pattern very similar to that of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons. Many CB+ cells observed in the pallial amygdala appeared to originate in the anterior entopeduncular area/ganglionic eminences of the subpallium. The density of CB+ cells gradually increased in the pallial amygdala until the first postnatal week and appeared to decrease later, coinciding with the postnatal appearance of parvalbumin cells and raising the possibility of a partial phenotypic shift. Calretinin (CR) immunoreactivity could be observed in a few cells and fibers in the pallial amygdala at E14.5, and by E16.5 it became a good marker of the different nuclei of the basolateral amygdalar complex. Numerous CB+ and CR+ varicosities, part of which have an intrinsic origin, were observed in the basolateral amygdalar complex from E16.5, and some surrounded unstained perikarya and/or processes before birth, indicating an early formation of inhibitory networks. Each calcium binding protein showed a distinct spatiotemporal expression pattern of development in the mouse pallial amygdala. Any alteration in the development of neurons and fibers containing calcium binding proteins of the pallial amygdala may result in important disorders of emotional and social behavior. J. Comp. Neurol. 488:492–513, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Lexical Approach for Taxonomy Mapping

textabstractObtaining a useful complete overview of Web-based product information has become difficult nowadays due to the ever-growing amount of information available on online shops. Findings from previous studies suggest that better search capabilities, such as the exploitation of annotated data, are needed to keep online shopping transparent for the user. Annotations can, for example, help present information from multiple sources in a uniform manner. In order to support the product data integration process, we propose an algorithm that can autonomously map heterogeneous product taxonomies from different online shops. The proposed approach uses word sense disambiguation techniques, approximate lexical matching, and a mechanism that deals with composite categories. Our algorithm’s performance compared favorably against two other state-of-the-art taxonomy mapping algorithms on three real-life datasets. The results show that the F1-measure for our algorithm is on average 60% higher than a state-of-the-art product taxonomy mapping algorithm.
Fenofibrate in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A Pilot Study

Background: Most patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA); however, some do not respond fully. PBC is also associated with dyslipidemia, but a link with vascular risk has not been confirmed. Methods and Results: In this study we compared UDCA monotherapy with fenofibrate plus UDCA in PBC patients with incomplete biochemical response to UDCA monotherapy for ≥ 8 months. Ten patients (57.2±13.3 years old) with PBC and persistent elevations of liver enzymes after treatment with UDCA (600 mg/day) were randomized to continue UDCA (4 patients) or to receive micronized fenofibrate (200 mg/day) plus UDCA (6 patients) for 8 weeks. Significant reductions in total cholesterol, triglycerides and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed in the combination treatment group. The serum activities of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alanine aminotranferase also decreased in this group compared with baseline (-32.6%; p=0.012, -44%; p=0.031 and -16.9%; p=0.029, respectively). In contrast, no significant alterations in liver enzymes or lipid profile were observed in patients who continued UDCA monotherapy. The changes in the lipid and enzyme variables differed significantly (p<0.03) between the 2 groups. Fenofibrate was well tolerated. Conclusions: The administration of fenofibrate plus UDCA seems to be safe and may improve lipid and liver indices in patients with PBC who do not respond fully to UDCA monotherapy. Whether the improved lipid profile translates into a decreased risk of vascular events remains to be established.
An Application of Robust Control for Force Communication Systems over Inferior Quality Network

The developments of computer and network technologies have provided a virtual reality environment and ubiquitous network systems. Especially audio-visual devices play an important role in communication. For example, voice communication by telephone, audio-visual communication, streaming technology, digital television system and so on. However, we know that the human makes communication not only by audio-visual information but also by using all five-senses (touch, taste, hearing, eyesight, and smell). The realization of the five-senses communication system is one of the prospected technologies. Especially force communication is a hopeful application in the coming e-world. Several kinds of gimmicks can be considered for transmitting or exchanging the sense of touch, haptic, tactile, force and kinesthetic. In the area of the wearable computing technologies some force-like communication system is realized by using pressure, tension, bending, stress sensors and vibration or pressure actuators, which give the illusion of force communication. On the other hand, robotic researchers have discussed on bilateral tele-operation systems, which realizes remote-manipulations with the sense of reaction forces caused by collision or touching of remote objects and environments. An aim of the technology is that the communication channel between two terminals simulates as if a rigid rod or tight rope. In this article, we consider the bilateral tele-operation systems as a force communication device. It is a well-known that the computer network has inevitable time-delay and jitter in the transmission of the data. And in control engineering deterioration of the stability and performance of the closed loop systems is a well-known fact. Control researchers have proposed several kinds of approaches to overcome the problems. The rest of the chapter is composed as follows. In Section 2, a characterization of the computer network from the view point of transmission delay is discussed. In Section 3, control systems of force sensorless bilateral tele-operation system and the problems caused by transmission delay are examined with a brief historical review. Section 4 presents a procedure how to design a robust control system over the uncertain time-delay network. In section 5 a simulation result is introduced, and some discussions are presented. In section 6 experimental results over the real broadband computer network are introduced. And the results of experiments and investigation are explained in detail. Section 6 concludes the article. 17
Query‐Biased Summarization Based on Lexical Chaining

Recently, the prevalence of information retrieval engines has created an important application of the automatic summarization as the display of retrieval results, whereby the user can quickly and accurately judge the relevance of texts returned as a result of a query. Here, rather than producing a generic summary, the summary that reflects the user's topic of interest (information need) expressed in the query would be considered as more suitable. This type of summary is often called query‐biased summary.
Reliability optimization of coherent systems

This paper presents a search method based on lexicographic order, and an upper bound on the objective function, for solving redundancy allocation problems in coherent systems. Such problems generally belong to the class of nonlinear integer programming problems with separable constraints and nondecreasing functions. For illustration, 3 types of problems are solved using our method. Numerical investigation shows the performance of the method for large problems.
MRI-Based Classification Models in Prediction of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Late-Life Depression

Objective: Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with development of different types of dementia. Identification of LLD patients, who will develop cognitive decline, i.e., the early stage of dementia would help to implement interventions earlier. The purpose of this study was to assess whether structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in LLD patients can predict mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia 1 year prior to the diagnosis. Methods: LLD patients underwent brain MRI at baseline and repeated clinical assessment after 1-year. Structural brain measurements were obtained using Freesurfer software (v. 5.1) from the T1W brain MRI images. MRI-based Random Forest classifier was used to discriminate between LLD who developed MCI or dementia after 1-year follow-up and cognitively stable LLD. Additionally, a previously established Random Forest model trained on 185 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) vs. 225 cognitively normal elderly from the Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative was tested on the LLD data set (ADNI model). Results: MCI and dementia diagnoses were predicted in LLD patients with 76%/68%/84% accuracy/sensitivity/specificity. Adding the baseline Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores to the models improved accuracy/sensitivity/specificity to 81%/75%/86%. The best model predicted MCI status alone using MRI and baseline MMSE scores with accuracy/sensitivity/specificity of 89%/85%/90%. The most important region for all the models was right ventral diencephalon, including hypothalamus. Its volume correlated negatively with the number of depressive episodes. ADNI model trained on AD vs. Controls using SV could predict MCI-DEM patients with 67% accuracy. Conclusion: LDD patients developing MCI and dementia can be discriminated from LLD patients remaining cognitively stable with good accuracy based on baseline structural MRI alone. Baseline MMSE score improves prediction accuracy. Ventral diencephalon, including the hypothalamus might play an important role in preservation of cognitive functions in LLD.
Pressure-induced orthorhombic structure of PbS

The pressure-induced crystal structure of lead sulfide (PbS) above 2.2 GPa has been studied with single-crystal x-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at room temperature. It has been found to be twinned and of the TlI type (Cmcm, Z = 4), in which the Pb atoms are surrounded by seven S atoms in a capped trigonal prism coordination. The twin laws in relation to the parent B1 (NaCl) type structure (, Z = 4) at atmospheric pressure have been discussed.
A Novel Constructing Algorithm of E-learning Community

The distance education has tended to cyberization, and how learners study in a collaborative way becomes a key issue. This paper presented a learning communities algorithm based on interest similarity, which can cluster learners with similar interests into the same community and help then collaborative learn. The experiments show that this mechanism can improve efficiency and scalability.
Cervical External Immobilization Devices: Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Issues at 3.0 Tesla

Study Design. Laboratory investigation, ex vivo. Objective. Currently, no studies have addressed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) issues for cervical external immobilization devices at 3-Tesla. Under certain conditions significant heating may occur, resulting in patient burns. Furthermore, artifacts can be substantial and prevent the diagnostic use of MRI. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate MRI issues for 4 different cervical external immobilization devices at 3-Tesla. Summary of Background Data. Excessive heating and substantial artifacts are 2 potential complications associated with performing MRI at 3-Tesla in patients with cervical external immobilization devices. Using ex vivo testing techniques, MRI-related heating and artifacts were evaluated for 4 different cervical devices during MRI at 3-Tesla. Methods. Four cervical external immobilization devices (Generation 80, Resolve Ring and Superstructure, Resolve Ring and Jerome Vest/Jerome Superstructure, and the V1 Halo System; Ossur Americas, Aliso Viejo, CA) underwent MRI testing at 3-Tesla. All devices were made from nonmetallic or nonmagnetic materials. Heating was determined using a gelled-saline-filled skull phantom with fluoroptic thermometry probes attached to the skull pins. MRI was performed at 3-Tesla, using a high level of RF energy. Artifacts were assessed at 3-Tesla, using standard cervical imaging techniques. Results. The Generation 80 and V1 Halo devices exhibited substantial temperature rises (11.6°C and 8.5°C, respectively), with “sparking” evident for the Generation 80 during the MRI procedure. Artifacts were problematic for these devices, as well. By comparison, the 2 Resolve Ring-based cervical external immobilization devices showed little or no heating (≤0.6°C) and the artifacts were acceptable for diagnostic MRI examinations. Conclusion. The low degree of heating and minor artifacts associated with the Resolve-based cervical external immobilization devices indicated that these products are safe for patients undergoing MRI at 3-Tesla.
On the maximal number of disjoint circuits of a graph

Throughout this paper Gg" will denote a graph with n vertices and k edges where circuits consisting of two edges and loops (i . e. circuits of one edge) are not permitted and G'" will denote a graph of n vertices and k edges where loops and circuits with two edges are permitted . v(G) (respectively v(G)) will denote the number of edges of G (respectively G) . If x,, x" . , x,, are some of the vertices of G, then (G-x, . . . -xk) will denote the graph which we obtain from G by omitting the vertices x,, . , x k and all the edges incident to them . By G(x,, . . ., x k ) we denote the subgraph of G spanned by the vertices x,, . , xk . The valency of a vertex x v (x) will denote the number of edges incident to it. (A loop is counted doubly.) The edge connecting x, and x, will be denoted by [x,, x,], edges will sometimes be denoted by e,, ez , . (x,, x,, . . .xk ) will denote the circuit having the edges [x,, x,], . , [xk_,, . vk], [x k x,] . A set of edges is called independent if no two of them have a common vertex . A set of circuits will be called independent if no two of them have a common vertex . They will be called weakly independent if no two of them have a common edge . In a previous paper ERDŐS and GALLAI [l] proved that every
Universität Des Saarlandes Fachrichtung 6.1 – Mathematik Freehand Hdr Imaging of Moving Scenes with Simultaneous Resolution Enhancement Freehand Hdr Imaging of Moving Scenes with Simultaneous Resolution Enhancement Freehand Hdr Imaging of Moving Scenes with Simultaneous Resolution Enhancement

Despite their high popularity, common high dynamic range (HDR) methods are still limited in their practical applicability: They assume that the input images are perfectly aligned, which is often violated in practise. Our paper does not only free the user from this unrealistic limitation, but even turns the missing alignment into an advantage: By exploiting the multiple exposures, we can create a super-resolution image. The alignment step is performed by a modern energy-based optic flow approach that takes into account the varying exposure conditions. Moreover, it produces dense displacement fields with subpixel precision. As a consequence, our approach can handle arbitrary complex motion patterns, caused by severe camera shake and moving objects. Additionally, it benefits from several advantages over existing strategies: (i) It is robust under outliers (noise, occlusions, saturation problems) and allows for sharp discontinuities in the displacement field. (ii) The alignment step neither requires camera calibration nor knowledge of the exposure times. (iii) It can be efficiently implemented on CPU and GPU architectures. After the alignment is performed, we use the obtained subpixel accurate displacement fields as input for an energy-based, joint super-resolution and HDR (SR-HDR) approach. It introduces robust data terms and anisotropic smoothness terms in the SR-HDR literature. Our experiments with challenging real world data demonstrate that these novelties are pivotal for the favourable performance of our approach.
Foveated image formation through compressive sensing

We describe two methods by which foveated (variable resolution) images can be created using the techniques of compressive sensing (CS). Foveated sampling (FS) combines a linear shift-variant foveation filter with the CS measurement operator. Foveated sampling and reconstruction (FSR) combines the foveation filter with the CS measurement operator and also with the sparse signal estimation algorithm used to reconstruct images. Both methods are shown to provide accurate reconstruction of foveated images at much higher compression levels than uniform resolution CS.
Distributed Spectrum-Efficient Routing Algorithms in Wireless Networks

This paper applies spectral efficiency as a performance measure for routing schemes and considers how to obtain a good route in a wireless network as the network signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) varies. The motivation for this study is to combine different wireless routing perspectives from networking and information theory. The problem of finding the optimum route with the maximum spectral efficiency is difficult to solve in a distributed fashion. Motivated by an information-theoretical analysis, this paper proposes two suboptimal alternatives, namely, the approximately ideal path routing (AIPR) scheme and the distributed spectrum-efficient routing (DSER) scheme. AIPR finds a path to approximate an optimum regular path that might not exist in the network and requires location information. DSER is more amenable to distributed implementations based on Bellman-Ford or Dijkstra's algorithms. The spectral efficiency of AIPR and DSER for random networks approaches that of nearest-neighbor routing in the low SNR regime and that of direct communication in the high SNR regime. Around the regime of 0 dB SNR, the spectral efficiency of DSER is up to twice that of nearest-neighbor routing or direct communication.
Chapter 2 Connecting epilepsy and Alzheimer ’ s Disease : Modeling of normal and pathological rhythmicity and synaptic plasticity related to Amyloid β ( A β ) effects

This paper is motivated by the hidden links between neurodegeneration due to Alzheimer’s disease and temporal lobe epileptic activity. β -amyloid peptides have multiple effects potentially at molecular, cellular, synaptic, network as well as system levels. To explore these links a computational framework was discussed, and two parts of the framework, i.e pathological rhythm generation and altered bidirectional synaptic plasticity have been constructed and analyzed. By using a skeleton network model of the hippocampal rhythm generation it was demonstrated how Aβ affects the ability of neurons in hippocampal networks to fire in unison at theta frequency resulting in reduced power of the theta rhythm. The dual qualitative effects of elevated Aβ at the synaptic level, i.e LTD facilitation and LTP impairment is studied by a modified calcium control hypothesis. The modification implemented the β -amyloid effects on the bidirectional synaptic plasticity and explained well the experimental findings of decreased LTP and increased LTD. The analysis of a kinetic model taking into account the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation pathways as-
An algorithm for text categorization

A novel and efficient learning algorithm is proposed for the binary linear classification problem. The algorithm is trained using the Rocchio's relevance feedback technique and builds a classifier by the intermediate hyperplane of two common tangent hyperplanes for the given category and its complement. Experimental results presented are very encouraging and justify the need for further research.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the postnatal development of the ventroposterolateral nucleus of the thalamus in rat and rabbits

The morphometric analysis of changes occurring in the rat and rabbit ventroposterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus during the postnatal development was performed using unbiased stereological methods. The materials used in the study included 30 Wistar rats and 32 New Zealand rabbits aged from P0 to P180 (P-postnatal day), which were divided into six and eight age groups, respectively. The following stereological parameters of VPL nucleus on the cresyl violet stained sections were determined: volume of the nucleus, numerical density and total number of neurons. The total number of neurons indicated that the development of VPL nucleus in both species ended within the third week of postnatal life. The volume of VPL nucleus increased gradually (by about 2.2 and 5 times in rats and rabbits, respectively) in comparison with the volume of the cerebral hemisphere during the development from P0 to adulthood. The numerical density of VPL neurons decreased rapidly at the beginning of postnatal life and stabilized by the end of the third week. In both species, the gradual increase in the volume of VPL nucleus and the simultaneous decrease in the neuronal density in the first week of postnatal life were mainly caused by changes in the neuropil volume. The total number of cells did not change remarkably during the first postnatal week. However, it decreased significantly during the second week. This decrease was probably due to the naturaly occuring cell death. These results show that the most prominent qualitative and quantitative changes in VPL nucleus and its neurons occur during the first two weeks of postnatal life of rats and rabbits. Also, because the thalamocortical relay neurons completely acquire their physiological features, this the most critical period of time for their morphological maturation.
Sub-Optimum Detection of Coded Continuous Phase Modulation in Radio Channels

This paper presents a practical receiver for coded continuous phase modulation (CPM) intended for wireless communications in TDMA/FDMA modes. The coded CPM is interpreted as a single Markov chain. Usage of simultaneous complexity reduction techniques is proposed. Only two correlators (I and Q) are used as a front-end, both operating on over-sampling mode and projecting the received signal into a space of Walsh functions. Those metrics are fed to a reduced states sequence detector (RSSD) using the search algorithm, which is a generalised Viterbi decoding. A strong reduction in memory requirements is accomplished. The implications are studied for a known optimum concatenation: (8-ary; h=1/6) CPM with a rate 2/3 convolutional encoding.