Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patient Error: A Preliminary Taxonomy

PURPOSE Current research on errors in health care focuses almost exclusively on system and clinician error. It tends to exclude how patients may create errors that influence their health. We aimed to identify the types of errors that patients can contribute and help manage, especially in primary care. METHODS Eleven nominal group interviews of patients and primary health care professionals were held in Auckland, New Zealand, during late 2007. Group members reported and helped to classify types of potential error by patients. We synthesized the ideas that emerged from the nominal groups into a taxonomy of patient error. RESULTS Our taxonomy is a 3-level system encompassing 70 potential types of patient error. The first level classifies 8 categories of error into 2 main groups: action errors and mental errors. The action errors, which result in part or whole from patient behavior, are attendance errors, assertion errors, and adherence errors. The mental errors, which are errors in patient thought processes, comprise memory errors, mindfulness errors, misjudgments, and—more distally—knowledge deficits and attitudes not conducive to health. CONCLUSION The taxonomy is an early attempt to understand and recognize how patients may err and what clinicians should aim to influence so they can help patients act safely. This approach begins to balance perspectives on error but requires further research. There is a need to move beyond seeing patient, clinician, and system errors as separate categories of error. An important next step may be research that attempts to understand how patients, clinicians, and systems interact to cocreate and reduce errors.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and hypertension: Pathogenic mechanisms and possible therapeutic approaches

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), a chronic condition characterized by collapse of the pharynx during sleep, has been increasingly recognized as a health issue of growing importance over the last decade. Recently emerging evidence suggests that there is a causal link between OSAS and hypertension, and hypertension represents an independent risk factor in OSAS patients. However, the pathophysiological basis for patients with OSAS having an increased risk for hypertension remains to be elucidated. The main acute physiological outcomes of OSAS are intermittent hypoxia, intrapleural pressure changes, and arousal from sleep, which might induce endothelial dysfunction, sympathetic activation, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation, lipid metabolism dysfunction, and increased oxidative stress. This brief review focuses on the current understanding of the complex association between OSAS and hypertension.
Exercise tolerance with helium-hyperoxia versus hyperoxia in hypoxaemic patients with COPD

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether helium-hyperoxia (HeHOx) would allow greater tolerance to maximal and submaximal exercise compared to hyperoxia (HOx) on isolation in hypoxaemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients under long-term oxygen therapy. In a double-blind study, 24 males in the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease functional class IV (forced expiratory volume in 1 s 35.2±10.1% predicted and arterial oxygen tension 56.2±7.5 mmHg) were submitted to incremental and constant load cycling at 70–80% peak work rate while breathing HOx (60% nitrogen and 40% oxygen) or HeHOx (60% helium and 40% oxygen). HeHOx improved resting airflow obstruction and lung hyperinflation in all but two patients (p<0.05). Peak work rate and time to exercise intolerance were higher with HeHOx than HOx in 17 (70.8%) out of 24 patients and 14 (66.6%) out of 21 patients, respectively (p<0.05). End-expiratory lung volumes were lower with HeHOx, despite a higher ventilatory response (p<0.05). HeHOx speeded on-exercise oxygen uptake kinetics by ∼30%, especially in more disabled and hyperinflated patients. Fat-free mass was the only independent predictor of higher peak work rate with HeHOx (r2 = 0.66, p<0.001); in contrast, none of the resting characteristics or exercise responses were related to improvements in time to exercise intolerance (p>0.05). Helium is a valuable ergogenic aid when added to HOx for most long-term oxygen therapy-dependent patients with advanced COPD.
An Effective Massive Sensor Network Data Access Scheme Based on Topology Control for the Internet of Things

This paper considers the distributed access and control problem of massive wireless sensor networks’ data access center for the Internet of Things, which is an extension of wireless sensor networks and an element of its topology structure. In the context of the arrival of massive service access requests at a virtual data center, this paper designs a massive sensing data access and control mechanism to improve the access efficiency of service requests and makes full use of the available resources at the data access center for the Internet of things. Firstly, this paper proposes a synergistically distributed buffer access model, which separates the information of resource and location. Secondly, the paper divides the service access requests into multiple virtual groups based on their characteristics and locations using an optimized self-organizing feature map neural network. Furthermore, this paper designs an optimal scheduling algorithm of group migration based on the combination scheme between the artificial bee colony algorithm and chaos searching theory. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that this mechanism outperforms the existing schemes in terms of enhancing the accessibility of service requests effectively, reducing network delay, and has higher load balancing capacity and higher resource utility rate.
Effect of Advocacy Information on Consumer Preferences for Cage Free Eggs: A Neuroeconomic Analysis

Understanding how consumers respond to information about animal production systems is important both for animal activist groups and for agricultural producers alike. This is particularly true as information conveyed over platforms such as YouTube both decrease the cost of communication and increase the speed at which interested parties can communicate with the public. The emerging field of neuroeconomics, which integrates the findings of economics, psychology, and neuroscience, can provide unique insights into consumer responses. The purpose of this research is to enhance understanding of consumers’ perceptions of farm animal welfare by capitalizing on recent developments in economics and neuroscience.
Perceived job demands relate to self-reported health complaints.

BACKGROUND Illness and illness behaviour are important problems in the Dutch workforce. Illness has been associated with job demands, with high demands relating to poorer health. It has not been reported whether subjective health complaints relate to job demands. AIMS To investigate whether perceived (physical and mental) workload and specific job demands are associated with self-reported health complaints. METHODS Cross-sectional study of a random sample of 983 male employees working in manufacturing industry. Job demands and health complaints were investigated using the self-completed Basic Occupational Health Questionnaire. The relationship between demands and health complaints were studied using logistic regression analysis with health complaints as the outcome variable. RESULTS The questionnaires of 867 workers (88%) were suitable for analysis. The prevalence of health complaints was high. Physical workload was related to musculoskeletal symptoms. Standing work predicted pain in the legs and thoracic as well as low back pain, while sedentary work predicted low back pain. Heavy lifting predicted low back pain and pain in the extremities. Regular bending predicted low back pain and pain in the legs. Repetitive movements predicted pain in the arms and thoracic as well as low back pain. Mental workload was associated with fatigue and chest pain. Working under time pressure and working behind schedule were not related to self-reported health complaints. CONCLUSIONS Perceived physical job demands matched with self-reported musculoskeletal complaints, whereas perceived mental job demands were unrelated to specific complaints.
A Supervised KeyPhrase Extraction System

In this paper, we present a multi-featured supervised automatic keyword extraction system. We extracted salient semantic features which are descriptive of candidate keyphrases, a Random Forest classifier was used for training. The system achieved an accuracy of 58.3 % precision and has shown to outperform two top performing systems when benchmarked on a crowdsourced dataset. Furthermore, our approach achieved a personal best Precision and F-measure score of 32.7 and 25.5 respectively on the Semeval Keyphrase extraction challenge dataset. The paper describes the approaches used as well as the result obtained.
Gaze Patterns for a Storytelling Embodied Conversational Agent

Little work has been performed on the subject of gaze in storytelling ECAs. We hypothesized that changing the common pattern of staring at the viewer continuously to a pattern in which the viewer was part of a virtual audience would improve the user experience. Our results indicate that this is not the case and that viewers prefer the former over the latter for a variety of reasons, but mainly because of a feeling of being disregarded by the ECA if not looked at regularly.
An Approach for Checking OSEK/VDX Applications

With the growing demands for automotive auxiliary functions, more and more complex applications have been developed based on OSEK/VDX OS. However, how to completely check developed applications is becoming a challenge for developers. In this paper, we describe and develop an approach to check developed applications based on the SMT-based BMC. We have implemented a prototype tool and conducted some experiments. The experiments results show that our approach can be completely used to check the properties associated with (i) variables, (ii) mutual exclusion, (iii) service API and (iv) tasks execution sequences.
You have 5 seconds: designing glanceable feedback for physical activity trackers

People engage with activity trackers in short sessions: over 70% are defined by glances -- brief, 5-second sessions where individuals check ongoing activity levels with no further interaction. We explore how to best leverage such short sessions to maximize positive impact on behavior. To do so, we explore the design of Glanceable Behavioral Feedback Interfaces, focusing on three directions for design: increasing the frequency of glances, increasing the impact of glances on physical activity, and promoting moments of exploration and learning with activity trackers.
Change and persistence in an independent nonprofit college: A case study

Private independent nonprofit colleges and universities serve millions of students annually, yet very little is written about this group. Most of the literature and research concern large public institutions of higher learning. Davenport College, a private independent nonprofit college system in Michigan and northern Indiana, serving 15,000 students, was the focus of the case study that offers a historical view of how the college evolved and changed over the institution’s 134-year history. The study highlights the influence of the five leaders and significant environmental events that that led to change and persistence in Davenport College from its inception on January 25, 1866, to May 18, 2000. Further, an examination of the interactions between the influences of the environment at the institutional level, governance activities at the managerial level, and core activities at the technical level contributes to development of a system of explanation for organizational change at Davenport College. Sources of primary and secondary data included personal interviews, historical documents, newspaper accounts, financial statements, annual reports, accreditation reports, and board reports, as well as college catalogs, brochures, and minutes of academic and executive leadership meetings. Many documents were collected that provided national, state, and local environmental data about economics, education, employment and training needs, and policies and statutes relevant to the college. From the industrial revolution to the information age, through wars and depression, government support and regulation, technical advances and competition, Davenport leaders maintained the institution’s mission and identity while adapting to a changing environment.
Improved algorithms for integer programming and related lattice problems

The integer programming problem is: Given m×n and m×l matrices A and b respectively of integers, find whether, there exists an all integer n×l vector x satisfying the m inequalities A×≤b. In settling an important open problem, Lenstra (1981) showed in an elegant way that when n, the number of dimensions is fixed, there is a polynomial-time algorithm to solve this problem. His algorithm achieves a running-time of 0(cn3•p(length of data)) where p is some polynomial and c a constant independent of n. Since such an algorithm has several important applications - cryptography (Shamir (1982)), diophantine approximations (Lagarias (1982)), coding theory (Conway and Sloane (1982), etc. it is important to improve the running time. We present an algorithm here that has a running time of 0(n9nL log L) where L is the length of the input. Whereas Lenstra's algorithm in the worst case reduces an n-dimensional problem to cn2−(n−) dimensional problems, our algorithm effectively reduces an n-dimensional problem to at most polynomially many (n−1) dimensional problems, thus achieving our time bound. The algorithm we propose, first finds a “more orthogonal” basis for a lattice (see the next section for the definition of a lattice) than those of Lenstra (1981) and Lenstra, Lenstra and Lovasz (1982), but in time 0(ndn poly (length of input)). It then uses an enumeration technique to solve integer programming and related problems. While this paper presents mainly the theoretical improvements that can be made in the algorithms, we discuss in section 6 why in practice our estimates of running time may be overly pessimistic. The last part of the paper discusses some complexity issues. It is an interesting open problem as to whether finding the Euclidean shortest non-zero vector of a given lattice is NP-hard. (See Lenstra (1981), Van Emde Boas (1981) and Lagarias (1982)).
Public Employees’ Perceived Promotion Channels in Local China: Merit-based or Guanxi-orientated?

Do performance or personal ties (guanxi) matter more in the promotion of local public employees in China? In this paper, we examine public employees’ perceptions of the roles played by merit and guanxi in promotion. We adopt a configurational approach to classify public employees’ perceptions of the reasons for their promotion into four groups: merit-based, guanxi-orientated, ambidextrous (both), and fatalistic (neither). A recent survey of 886 public employees shows that around 40% see promotion as merit-based and 20% as guanxi-orientated, with 10% perceiving promotion to be ambidextrous and 30% fatalistic. Younger employees with higher rank are more likely to perceive promotion to be merit-based, whilst highly educated and highly ranked employees with strong public service motivation are more prone to see promotion as ambidextrous. Those who perceive promotion to be ambidextrous are more satisfied with promotion fairness, suggesting that a subtle balance needs to be maintained between merit-based and guanxi-orientated promotion channels, rather than rejection of any guanxi element.
STORAGE RESOURCE MANAGERS Essential Components for the Grid

Storage Resource Managers (SRMs) are middleware components whose function is to provide dynamic space allocation and ﬁle management of shared storage components on the Grid. They complement Compute Resource Managers and Network Resource Managers in providing storage reservation and dynamic information on storage availability for the planning and execution of a Grid job. SRMs manage two types of resources: space and ﬁles. When managing space, SRMs negotiate space allocation with the requesting client, and/or assign default space quotas. When managing ﬁles, SRMs allocate space for ﬁles, invoke ﬁle transfer services to move ﬁles into the space, pin ﬁles for a certain lifetime, release ﬁles upon the clients request, and use ﬁle replacement policies to optimize the use of the shared space. SRMs can be designed to provide effective sharing of ﬁles, by monitoring the activity of shared ﬁles, and make dynamic decisions on which ﬁles to replace when space is needed. In addition, SRMs perform automatic garbage collection of unused ﬁles by removing selected ﬁles whose lifetime has expired when space is needed. In this chapter we discuss the design considerations for SRMs, their functionality, and their interfaces. We demon-strate the use of SRMs with several examples of real implementations that are in use today in a routine fashion or in a prototype form.
A new method to solve large-scale building energy management for energy saving

Building energy saving has attracted more and more attention around the world recently. However, there are many challenges and difficulties in optimization for building energy saving due to a large amount of rooms in the buildings. So in this paper, we provide a method to manage the building energy systems for energy saving. In particularly, the proposed method is effective that can be applied to the large-scale buildings. We make the following major contributions. First, an iterative and decentralized solution method is developed. Based on this framework, the optimization problem of building energy management is divided into three sub-optimization problems. This method iteratively solves the three sub-problems to obtain the solution of the building energy management problem. Second, the three sub-problems are converted into mixed integer programming problems, respectively, and they can be solved using CPLEX. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the performance of the method.
Expenditure patterns on foodservice in Malaysia

Rapid changes have occurred in the way food is prepared and cooked, and in the places where it is consumed. Foodservice has become increasingly important in the composition of the food account among Malaysians. The objective of this study is to analyze consumers’ expenditure pattern on foodservice in Malaysia. Several functional forms and a Heckman two-step methodology, to account for censored-response bias, are employed in the analysis of the Household Expenditure Survey 2004-2005 data. Regardless of functional forms, the empirical estimates of income elasticity of demand for foodservice are significantly bigger than income elasticity of demand for food at home. This study shows positive prospect for foodservice industry in Malaysia, where an increase in income has the propensity to lead to an increase in expenditure (demand) on foodservice.
Symbolic Reachability Analysis of Genetic Regulatory Networks using Qualitative Abstraction

The switch-like character of the dynamics of genetic regulatory networks has attracted much attention from mathematical biologists and researchers on hybrid systems alike. While powerful techniques for the analysis, verification, and control of hybrid systems have been developed, the specificities of the biological application domain pose a number of challenges. In particular, while most networks of biological interest are large and complex, quantitative information on the kinetic parameters and molecular concentrations are usually absent. We introduce a method for the analysis of reachability properties of genetic regulatory networks that is based on a class of discontinuous piecewise-affine (PA) differential equations well-adapted to the above constraints. More specifically, we introduce a partition of the phase space by hyperrectangular regions in each of which the derivatives of the concentration variables have a unique sign pattern. This partition forms the basis for the definition of a discrete abstraction transforming the continuous transition system associated with a PADE model into a discrete or qualitative transition system. The discrete transition system is a simulation of the continuous transition system, thus providing a conservative approximation of the qualitative dynamics of the network. Moreover, the discrete transition system can be easily computed in a symbolic manner from inequality constraints on the parameters. The method has been implemented in a new prototype version of the computer tool Genetic Network Analyzer (GNA), which has been applied to the analysis of a regulatory system whose functioning is not well-understood by biologists, the nutritional stress response in the bacterium Escherichia coli
Measuring TeraGrid : Workload Characterization for an HPC Federation

TeraGrid has deployed a significant monitoring and accounting infrastructure to understand its operational success. In this paper, we present an analysis of the jobs reported by TeraGrid for 2008. We consider the workload from several perspectives: traditional HPC workload characteristics, grid-oriented workload characteristics, and finally userand group-oriented characteristics. We use metrics reported in prior studies of HPC and grid systems in order to understand whether such metrics provide useful information for managing and studying resource federations. This study highlights the importance of distinguishing between analyses of job patterns and work patterns; that small sets of users dominate the workload both in terms of job and work patterns; and that aggregate analyses across even loosely coupled federations, with incomplete information for individual systems, reflect patterns seen in more tightly coupled grids and in single HPC systems.
Localization system for large indoor environments using invisible markers

We propose a user localization system that uses invisible markers for wearable augmented reality (AR) in large indoor environments. Wearable AR systems have received a great deal of attention as a new method for displaying location-based information in the real world. For using wearable AR systems, it is necessary to measure the position and orientation of a user using a positioning infrastructure without the undesirable visual effects that arise from merging real and virtual worlds. In addition, the infrastructure of the localization environment must be constructed easily and cheaply. The proposed system can estimate the position and orientation of a user precisely by affixing wallpapers containing printed invisible markers on ceilings or walls. The user's position and orientation are estimated by recognizing the markers using an infrared camera with infrared LEDs. To construct environments for the localization system, we developed an initialization tool that calibrates the alignment of the markers from photographs taken by flash illumination using a digital still camera.