Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prize for Basic Cancer Research Lecture

Telomerase is commonly expressed in human cancer cells. Increased telomerase expression produces vulnerability of cancer cells, distinguishing them from normal cells in the body, although normal cells do also have some active telomerase. Recent studies also suggest that telomerase is implicated in tumor progression in unexpected ways. These observations lead us to investigate the most efficient means of inhibiting telomerase in cancer cells.
Immunophenotyping of acute myeloid leukemia by immuno‐alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) labeling with a panel of antibodies

A panel of eight antibodies was used by the alkaline‐phosphatase/anti‐alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method to stain peripheral blood films, bone marrow smears, and cytocentrifuge preparations from 29 cases of acute myeloid leukemia. These findings were correlated with the French‐American‐British (FAB) classification. Leukemic cells from six cases of myeloblastic leukemia (FAB;M1) were predominantly labeled by the antimyeloperoxidase monoclonal antibody (MPO‐7). Leukemic cells from the majority of eight cases of myeloblastic leukemia with maturation (FAB;M2) and progranulocytic leukemia (FAB;M3) stained with monoclonal antibodies MPO‐7, NP57 (anti‐elastase), and EBM11 (antimonocyte/macrophage). Leukemic cells from six cases of myelomonocytic (FAB;M4) and five cases of monocytic (FAB;M5) leukemia were most often labeled with antibodies MPO‐7, NP57, and EBM11 as well as monoclonal antibodies Y1/82A (anti‐monocyte) and KB90 (against the p150, 95 molecule, CD11c; a monocyte/granulocyte marker), but not with monoclonal antibody C17 (antiglycoprotein IIb/IIIa) and/or monoclonal antibody Y2/51 (antiglycoprotein IIIa). Erythroblasts from a single case of erythroleukemia (FAB;M6) were not labeled with any of the antibodies from this panel. Leukemic cells from two cases of acute megakaryocytic leukemia (FAB;M7) stained strongly with the monoclonal antiglycoprotein IIIa/IIb antibody (C17) and antiglycoprotein IIIa antibody (Y2/51). Staining by the APAAP method with this panel of antibodies was easy to perform, required no expensive instrumentation, and provided useful information in the classification of acute myeloid leukemia.
Structural Equation Modeling of Gene–Environment Interactions in Coronary Heart Disease

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a complex disease, which is influenced not only by genetic and environmental factors but also by gene–environment (GE) interactions in interconnected biological pathways or networks. The classical methods are inadequate for identifying GE interactions due to the complex relationships among risk factors, mediating risk factors (e.g., hypertension, blood lipids, and glucose), and CHD. Our aim was to develop a two‐level structural equation model (SEM) to identify genes and GE interactions in the progress of CHD to take into account the causal structure among mediating risk factors and CHD (Level 1), and hierarchical family structure (Level 2). The method was applied to the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring Cohort data. Our approach has several advantages over classical methods: (1) it provides important insight into how genes and contributing factors affect CHD by investigating the direct, indirect, and total effects; and (2) it aids the development of biological models that more realistically reflect the complex biological pathways or networks. Using our method, we are able to detect GE interaction of SERPINE1 and body mass index (BMI) on CHD, which has not been reported. We conclude that SEM modeling of GE interaction can be applied in the analysis of complex epidemiological data sets.
A Reliable Scheme for Cluster Storage System

An important issue in the design of large-scale cluster storage systems is their vulnerability to nodes crash and network failures. To explore the feasibility of implementing a reliable, high performance distributed cluster storage system, we adopt a reliable scheme that data are distributed across storage nodes using erasure coding with small low-density parity-check (LDPC) code. We implement our new scheme in RSC, a proof-of-concept reliable cluster storage system, along with two other well known RAID-1 and RAID-5 schemes. Performance test results show that such a reliable scheme can provide high reliability while keeping the performance overhead small.
Syntax description synthesis using gradient boosted trees

The article considers partially formalized text documents. For such documents, it is not possible to construct a formal grammar. Therefore, an external syntax description is used to build the syntax tree. The problem is the high labor intensity and the high professional requirements for manual preparation of such descriptions. It is proposed to use machine learning methods to automate this process. The training set is composed using the documents with known syntax description. Each document is represented as a syntax tree using the TEXnous parser. Each node of these trees represents a syntax element, and the set of nodes forms the training set. A way of a single syntax element description is proposed so that a formal description of the syntax elements constitutes the space of classes. In the article, this space is limited to the set of parser modes used during the documents analysis. A set of scientific articles is used for the experiments. XGBoost implementation of gradient boosted trees is chosen for result classification problem.
O2 Activation on Ceria Catalysts-The Importance of Substrate Crystallographic Orientation.

An atomic-level understanding of dioxygen activation on metal oxides remains one of the major challenges in heterogeneous catalysis. By performing a thorough surface-science study of all three low-index single-crystal surfaces of ceria, probably the most important redox catalysts, we provide a direct spectroscopic characterization of reactive dioxygen species at defect sites on the reduced ceria (110) and (100) surfaces. Surprisingly, neither of these superoxo and peroxo species was found on ceria (111), the thermodynamically most stable surface of this oxide. Applying density functional theory, we could relate these apparently inconsistent findings to a sub-surface diffusion of O vacancies on (111) substrates, but not on the less-closely packed surfaces. These observations resolve a long standing debate concerning the location of O vacancies on ceria surfaces and the activation of O2 on ceria powders.
Enhanced primer selection and synthetic amplicon templates optimize high-resolution melting analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a large population.

AIMS High-resolution melting (HRM) screening and scanning for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) afford the advantages of a quicker, less expensive, and less demanding option compared to other methods for sequence analysis. The evaluation of large populations of patients for multiple SNPs in a high-throughput manner is the next phase in individualized medicine. RESULTS We demonstrated that Tm profiles can be generated from gDNA samples that clearly differentiate homozygous ancestral, homozygous SNP, and heterozygous genotypes, while identifying samples of unique outcome without the cumbersome processes of normalization, temperature shifting, and difference plot generation. CONCLUSIONS Through expanded primer selection criterion and inclusion of a cloning fragment length double-stranded DNA sequence-specific control template, we are now able to generate additional data via HRM melt domains that are greatly simplified, while considering both the peak melt temperature and profile.
Argument Mining and Social Debates

With this demonstration we introduce AFAlpha, a prototype of an Argument Mining tool, working in unison with Quaestio-it, an online social debating platform. While AFAlpha extracts arguments from text, as well as attack and support relations between arguments, Quaestio-it is concerned with visualising and evaluating interactive debates. We thus use Quaestio-it to represent and visualise output from AFAlpha, with the goal of taking plain text, in our case online reviews, and representing it in the form of a debate.
Good Outcome and Restoration of Lordosis After Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion With Additional Posterior Fixation

Study Design. Fifty-two patients with degenerative disc disease underwent single- or double-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion with SynCage and additional posterior fixation as treatment for degenerative disc disease and were prospectively followed for 4 years. Objectives. To test the clinical performance of anterior lumbar interbody fusion with SynCage, with emphasis on the safety and efficacy of the surgical procedure and the ability to restore anatomy and fuse the motion segment. Summary of Background Data. Anterior lumbar interbody fusion using femoral allograft and/or autologous bone has a high complication rate. With cage technology, some of these complications can be avoided. The design characteristics of the SynCage offer advantages in restoring and maintaining intervertebral height and restoration of lumbar lordosis. Methods. Thirty-three patients underwent single-level and 19 patients double-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion with SynCage and additional posterior fixation (translaminar screws, n = 32 or pedicle screws, n = 10). Radiologic and functional results (VAS and Oswestry score) were evaluated. Results. Intervertebral height was corrected from an average of 8.7 to 17.6 mm. Lordosis of the fused segment was significantly increased (average 10.6° for the fused segment and 8° for lumbosacral lordosis). After 2 years, there was radiologic evidence for fusion in 70 of 71 (98.6%) levels. Functional scores showed a significant improvement in pain and function up to the 2-year follow-up observation. At the 4-year follow-up observation, there was some loss of the initial improvement in VAS and Oswestry scores. Despite this loss, they remained significantly better than the preoperative scores. Conclusions. Anterior lumbar interbody fusion with SynCage and additional posterior fixation is a safe and effective procedure. Intervertebral height is corrected, and lumbosacral lordosis is restored. An initial improvement in VAS and Oswestry scores is partly lost at the 4-year follow-up observation, but 4-year results are still significantly better than the preoperative scores.
A Burst SC-FDE Scheme for High-Speed Communication Based on Radar

Recently the radar-based communication has aroused a great interest in the military and academia due to its great potential in increasing performance and reducing costs. However, the application of high-speed data transmission over radar antennas requires a burst waveform robust to nonlinear power amplifiers and multipath propagation effects. Our solution is to apply burst single-carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) for data transmission, which co-exists with radar equipments in time-division multiplexing mode. In this paper, we present a system that contains a training preamble and lots of data blocks. Based on the training preamble, a joint algorithm is proposed for fast synchronization. Moreover, signals are phase-modulated to combat the effects of nonlinear analog circuits and unique words are inserted between data blocks as guard intervals to eliminate inter block interference. The proposed scheme is evaluated by both simulations and field experimental demonstrations, where bit error rate
Association of AR-V7 on Circulating Tumor Cells as a Treatment-Specific Biomarker With Outcomes and Survival in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Importance A critical decision in the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is when to administer an androgen receptor signaling (ARS) inhibitor or a taxane. Objective To determine if pretherapy nuclear androgen-receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) protein expression and localization on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is a treatment-specific marker for response and outcomes between ARS inhibitors and taxanes. Design, Setting, and Participants For this cross-sectional cohort study at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 265 men with progressive mCRPC undergoing a change in treatment were considered; 86 were excluded because they were not initiating ARS or taxane therapy; and 18 were excluded for processing time constraints, leaving 161 patients for analysis. Between December 2012 and March 2015, blood was collected and processed from patients with progressive mCRPC immediately prior to new line of systemic therapy. Patients were followed up to 3 years. Main Outcomes and Measures Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, time receiving therapy, radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), and overall survival (OS). Results Overall, of 193 prospectively collected blood samples from 161 men with mCRPC, 191 were evaluable (128 pre-ARS inhibitor and 63 pretaxane). AR-V7-positive CTCs were found in 34 samples (18%), including 3% of first-line, 18% of second-line, and 31% of third- or greater line samples. Patients whose samples had AR-V7-positive CTCs before ARS inhibition had resistant posttherapy PSA changes (PTPC), shorter rPFS, shorter time on therapy, and shorter OS than those without AR-V7-positive CTCs. Overall, resistant PTPC were seen in 65 of 112 samples (58%) without detectable AR-V7-positive CTCs prior to ARS inhibition. There were statistically significant differences in OS but not in PTPC, time on therapy, or rPFS for patients with or without pretherapy AR-V7-positive CTCs treated with a taxane. A multivariable model adjusting for baseline factors associated with survival showed superior OS with taxanes relative to ARS inhibitors when AR-V7-positive CTCs were detected pretherapy (hazard ratio, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10-0.57; P = .035). Conclusions and Relevance The results validate CTC nuclear expression of AR-V7 protein in men with mCRPC as a treatment-specific biomarker that is associated with superior survival on taxane therapy over ARS-directed therapy in a clinical practice setting. Continued examination of this biomarker in prospective studies will further aid clinical utility.
A metabolic relationship between the aromatic amino acids.

present work involves a further investigation of a Neurospora mutant, C-86, previously by and as one that can utilize anthranilic acid, indole, tryptophan, kynurenine, 3-hy-droxyanthranilic acid, and nicotinic acid as supplements for growth. Mutant C-86, when crossed to a “wild-type” strain, was found to differ from this wild type strain, with respect to tryptophan biosynthesis, by a muta-tion at a single locus.
Three contiguous lipoprotein genes in Pasteurella haemolytica A1 which are homologous to a lipoprotein gene in Haemophilus influenzae type b

An Escherichia coli clone carrying the recombinant plasmid pPH24 has been found to express highly immunoreactive antigens of Pasteurella haemolytica A1. Two or three antigens of approximately 30 kDa were located to both the inner and outer membranes of the E. coli clone and in P. haemolytica A1. From the insert DNA of 8.2 kbp on pPH24, a fragment of 4.6 kbp was found to code for these antigens. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 4.6-kbp DNA identified three genes (designated plpA, -B, and -C) arranged in tandem which code for three proteins, Plp1, -2, and -3, with predicted molecular masses of 30.1, 30.3, and 29.0 kDa, respectively. Comparison of the nucleic acid sequence of plpA, -B, and -C with GenBank sequences showed extensive homology with a Haemophilus influenzae 28-kDa lipoprotein gene. [14C]palmitate labelling coupled with glybomycin inhibition experiments showed that Plp1, -2, and -3 are also lipoproteins. In addition, plpA, -B, and -C were found to be present only in A biotypes of P. haemolytica by Southern blot analysis. Since Plp1, -2, and -3 were found to be antigenic components in a culture supernatant vaccine, they could be candidates for further investigation as vaccine components.
Towards an Agent-Oriented Framework for Multidisciplinary Decision Support and Its Application to Triple Assessment of Breast Cancer

In this paper, an agent framework for solving multidisciplinary decisions is proposed, including a conceptual decision model coupled with an agent scheme, and a set of functional signatures that drive the inference. The framework is specially designed to support decision-making in organisational structuring among care specialists towards complex problems, individual planning and argumentation, and computing service binding. A case study of the triple assessment of breast cancer is used for illustration.
Multiple computer‐automated structure evaluation study of aquatic toxicity. III. Vibrio fischeri

An acute toxicity model was constructed on the basis of 901 chemicals tested for toxicity against the luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri (formerly Photobacterium phosphoreum, the Microtox® test). The model was created using the Multiple Computer‐Automated Structure Evaluation (M‐CASE) program. The model can correctly predict acute toxicity for 92% of the compounds with an error averaging 0.55 log units per median effect concentration (EC50). The main toxicophores, corresponding to polar and nonpolar narcosis, and other types of reactive chemicals were identified.
Z. K. Sentongo and the Indian Question in East Africa

East Africa is really what one may call a ‘test case’ for Great Britain. If Indians cannot be treated as equals in a vacant or almost vacant part of the world where they were the first in occupation—a part of the world which is on the equator—it seems that the so-called freedom of the British Empire is a sham and a delusion. The Indian question in East Africa during the early 1920s can hardly be said to have been neglected by subsequent scholars. There is an abundant literature on it and the purpose here is not simply to run over the ground yet again, resurrecting past passions on the British, white settler and Indian sides. Instead, more will be said about the African side, especially the expatriate educated African side, during the controversy in Kenya immediately after World War I, when residential segregation, legislative rights, access to agricultural land, and future immigration by Indians were hotly debated in parliament, press, private letters, and at public meetings. For not only were educated and expatriate Africans in postwar Kenya by no means wholly “dumb,” as one eminent historian of the British Empire has since suggested, but their comments in newspaper articles at the time can be seen in retrospect to have had a seminal importance in articulating both contemporary fears and subsequent “imagined communities,” to employ Benedict Anderson's felicitous phrase—those nationalisms which were to have such controversial significance during the struggle for independence from British colonialism in Uganda as well as Kenya during the middle years of this century.
Multiple toxic effects of low-dose methotrexate in a patient treated for psoriasis.

PURPOSE A case of toxicity encountered with low-dose methotrexate therapy is discussed. SUMMARY A 59-year-old African American woman receiving long-term therapy for psoriasis came to the hospital with painful ulcers, difficulty swallowing, cutaneous lesions, and acute renal failure. Her medical history included type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, morbid obesity, and psoriasis. On admission, the patient looked ill and had a low-grade fever; maculopapular skin lesions; and bullae and vesicles in her mouth and on her hands, legs, groin, and buttocks. With the exception of carvedilol, all home medications, including methotrexate, were discontinued. A complete medication history revealed that the patient had been taking methotrexate 2.5 mg daily, instead of 2.5 mg three times weekly as prescribed. This error translated into an estimated cumulative dose of 360 mg, nearly twice the prescribed amount. There were no clinically significant drug-drug interactions noted among her prescribed medications; however, the patient did report increased ibuprofen use secondary to the painful ulcerations in the previous few months. Leucovorin 15 mg i.v. every six hours was initiated along with additional supportive care. Skin and mucosal lesions, as well as her pain, had dramatically improved on day 5 of hospitalization. The patient was discharged after a six-day hospitalization and was provided with leucovorin 15 mg orally ever day for seven additional days until rheumatology follow-up. The patient was instructed to avoid any future methotrexate therapy. CONCLUSION A patient who erroneously took oral methotrexate daily rather than thrice weekly for psoriasis developed multiple manifestations of methotrexate toxicity.
A survey on Information-centric Networking: Rationales, designs and debates

The basic function of the Internet is to delivery data (what) to serve the needs of all applications. IP names the attachment points (where) to facilitate ubiquitous interconnectivity as the current way to deliver data. The fundamental mismatch between data delivery and naming attachment points leads to a lot of challenges, e.g., mapping from data name to IP address, handling dynamics of underlying topology, scaling up the data distribution, and securing communication, etc. Information-centric networking (ICN) is proposed to shift the focus of communication paradigm from where to what, by making the named data the first-class citizen in the network, The basic consensus of ICN is to name the data independent from its container (space dimension) and session (time dimension), which breaks the limitation of point-to-point IP semantic. It scales up data distribution by utilizing available resources, and facilitates communication to fit diverse connectivity and heterogeneous networks. However, there are only a few consensuses on the detailed design of ICN, and quite a few different ICN architectures are proposed. This paper reveals the rationales of ICN from the perspective of the Internet evolution, surveys different design choices, and discusses on two debatable topics in ICN, i.e., self-certifying versus hierarchical names, and edge versus pervasive caching. We hope this survey helps clarify some mis-understandings on ICN and achieve more consensuses.
Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Phytohormone Signaling Pathways

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs/CDPKs) are Ca2+-sensors that decode Ca2+ signals into specific physiological responses. Research has reported that CDPKs constitute a large multigene family in various plant species, and play diverse roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Although numerous CDPKs have been exhaustively studied, and many of them have been found to be involved in plant hormone biosynthesis and response mechanisms, a comprehensive overview of the manner in which CDPKs participate in phytohormone signaling pathways, regulating nearly all aspects of plant growth, has not yet been undertaken. In this article, we reviewed the structure of CDPKs and the mechanism of their subcellular localization. Some CDPKs were elucidated to influence the intracellular localization of their substrates. Since little work has been done on the interaction between CDPKs and cytokinin signaling pathways, or on newly defined phytohormones such as brassinosteroids, strigolactones and salicylic acid, this paper mainly focused on discussing the integral associations between CDPKs and five plant hormones: auxins, gibberellins, ethylene, jasmonates, and abscisic acid. A perspective on future work is provided at the end.