Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive and Social Cognitive Approaches for Improving Functional Outcome in Early Psychosis: Theoretical Considerations and Current State of Evidence

Improving functional outcome, in addition to alleviating psychotic symptoms, is now a major treatment objective in schizophrenia research. Given the large body of evidence suggesting pharmacological treatments generally have minimal effects on indices of functioning, research has turned to psychosocial rehabilitation programs. Among these, neurocognitive and social cognitive interventions are at the forefront of this field and are argued to target core deficits inherent to the schizophrenia illness. However, to date, research trials have primarily focused on chronic schizophrenia populations, neglecting the early psychosis groups who are often as severely impaired in social and occupational functioning. This theoretical paper will outline the rationale for investigating adjunctive cognitive-based interventions in the early phases of psychotic illness, critically examine the current approach strategies used in these interventions, and assess the evidence supporting certain training programs for improving functional outcome in early psychosis. Potential pathways for future research will be discussed.
A Workflow for Improving Medical Visualization of Semantically Annotated CT-Images

RadLex and Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA) ontologies represent anatomic and image characteristics, and they are commonly used to annotate and describe contents of medical images independently of the image acquisition method (e.g., CT, MR, or US). We present ANISE, a framework that implements workflows to combine these ontologies and image characteristics into Transfer Functions (TFs) that map volume density values into optical properties. Semantics encoded in the image annotations is exploited by reasoning processes to improve accuracy of TFs and the quality of the resulting image.
Impact of Trans-Resveratrol-Sulfates and -Glucuronides on Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity, Nitric Oxide Release and Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a polyphenolic natural product mainly present in grape skin, berries and peanuts. In the vasculature resveratrol is thought to boost endothelial function by increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, by enhancing eNOS activity, and by reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Recent studies show that dietary resveratrol is metabolized in the liver and intestine into resveratrol-sulfate and -glucuronide derivatives questioning the relevance of multiple reported mechanistic in vitro data on resveratrol. In this study, we compare side by side different physiologically relevant resveratrol metabolites (resveratrol sulfates- and -glucuronides) and their parent compound in their influence on eNOS enzyme activity, endothelial NO release, and intracellular ROS levels. In contrast to resveratrol, none of the tested resveratrol metabolites elevated eNOS enzyme activity and endothelial NO release or affected intracellular ROS levels, leaving the possibility that not tested metabolites are active and able to explain in vivo findings.
A Framework: Event Extraction from the Temporal Web

Temporal-based mining is an attractive direction which is newly generated from the Data Mining field. By taking the time factor into account, some knowledge and interesting information, such as burst events and topic durations, can be mined out from data collections which are coordinated according to their duration (timestamp). Given the huge web as a temporal data collection, in this paper, we introduce a framework based on our current work. The main task is to find the association between two topics in different time slots (durations). Given a keyword as the main topic, we expect to find three kinds of topics which are relevant to the main topic: periodical topic, non-periodical topic and burst topic. These three types of topics can satisfy the needs of users with different requirements.
A review on synchronization methods for grid-connected three-phase VSC under unbalanced and distorted conditions

The requirements for grid-connected voltage source converters (VSC) are increasing with the evolution towards smartgrids. In this context, synchronization methods for VSC have become a key feature for a fast and reliable control. The first synchronization methods, which were originally dedicated for communication applications have been gradually adapted to power systems applications and, today, an extensive collection of techniques exist. Although partial reviews and comparisons exist, a comprehensive classification of these approaches is needed. This paper presents an all-embracing survey of synchronization methods for grid-connected series and shunt VSC applications.
Pair-wise language discrimination using phonotactic information

This paper describes a novel method for automatic language identification using phonotactics. Conventional phonotactic approach using N-gram language modeling requires several hours of speech data along with the corresponding orthographic transcriptions, which is not available for many of the Indian languages. This paper proposes a method which captures the language discriminating cue in co-occurance of phones using limited data. Here speech utterance is decoded into a sequence of chosen phones using an automatic phone recognizer. A unique code is assigned for each phone to obtain feature vectors corresponding to five consecutive phones. These feature vectors are then used to train a neural network / SVM based classifier at the back-end. A pair-wise language discrimination system for Hindi and Malayalam is developed using manual and automatic transcriptions.
Discrete and analogue quantity processing in the parietal lobe: a functional MRI study.

The human intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is implicated in processing symbolic number information and possibly in nonsymbolic number information. Specific IPS activity for discrete quantities (numerosities) as compared with continuous, analogue quantity has not been demonstrated. Here we use a stimulus-driven paradigm to distinguish automatic estimation of "how many things" from "how much" and "how long. " The discrete analogue response task (DART) uses the perception of hues which can change either abruptly (discrete, numerous stimuli) or smoothly (analogue, nonnumerous stimuli) in space or in time. Subjects decide whether they saw more green or more blue. A conjunction analysis of spatial and temporal conditions revealed that bilateral IPS was significantly more active during the processing of discrete stimuli than during analogue stimuli, as was a parietal-occipital transition zone. We suggest that processing numerosity is a distinct process from processing analogue quantity, whether extended in space or time, and that an intraparietal network connects objects' segmentation to the estimation of their numerosity.
Cataract induction by administration of nitroglycerin in cardiac patients through imbalance in redox status

Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of nitroglycerin in the pathogenesis of cataract. Design Prospective study. Patient and methods This study was performed in adults from tertiary Saudi Arabian hospitals (34 males and 26 females in each group, aged from 40 to 60 years), who were divided into four groups with an equal number of subjects (control group, cardiac group, idiopathic cataract group, and a group of cardiac patients using nitroglycerin and with cataracts). Fasting glucose concentrations, blood glycated hemoglobin levels, lipid profiles, and levels of nitrite, conjugated dienes (CD), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined. Results Treatment of cardiac patients with nitroglycerin produced an imbalance in their systemic redox status, leading to the development of cataracts, which was reflected by a significant increase in the levels of nitrite, CD, and TBARS and a significant decrease in SOD activity and GSH, compared with idiopathic cataract patients. The results of correlation studies and multiple regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between different biochemical parameters (GSH, SOD, TBARS, CD, and nitrite) in the blood and lens in both idiopathic cataract patients and cardiac patients treated with nitroglycerin. Conclusion The study points to the relative and predictive effects of nitric oxide derived from nitroglycerin in the development of cataract in the presence of the oxidative stress induced by nitroglycerin treatment.
Visualization of Message Passing in an Embedded System

Debugging process communication in embedded systems can be a very complex and time consuming task, especially when dealing with non-determinism. The traditional approach is to use print statement debugging or text logs, but these methods do not cater well to the parallel nature of concurrent systems. In this thesis we research ways to capture messages in a speci c embedded system at Ericsson, and general guidelines on how to best do so in general. We then research and propose a number of visualizations of message passing and argue about their various strengths and weaknesses. Further, we select one visualization and detail the design and implementation of Threadmill, a tool aiming to help developers understand and debug process message communication. We conclude that the developed visualization, a variant of UML sequence diagrams, shows great promise when debugging message passing applications.
From TreeBank to PropBank

This paper describes our approach to the development of a Proposition Bank, which involves the addition of semantic information to the Penn English Treebank. Our primary goal is the labeling of syntactic nodes with specific argument labels that preserve the similarity of roles such as the window in John broke the window and the window broke . After motivating the need for explicit predicate argument structure labels, we briefly discuss the theoretical considerations of predicate argument structure and the need to maintain consistency across syntactic alternations. The issues of consistency of argument structure across both polysemous and synonymous verbs are also discussed and we present our actual guidelines for these types of phenomena, along with numerous examples of tagged sentences and verb frames. Metaframes are introduced as a technique for handling similar frames among near− synonymous verbs. We conclude with a summary of the current status of annotation process.
Ecien t Rendering of Anisotropic Surfaces Using Computer Graphics Hardware

There are surprisingly many anisotropically reflecting objects in the real world. Some examples are brushed metal, cloth, CDs, and even many brands of paper. Despite the importance of anisotropic reflections in the real world, most of todays computer graphics systems cannot deal with them appropriately. This is particularly true for interactive and hardware-accelerated rendering systems, which is mostly due to the fact that so far there has been no model for simulating anisotropy with commonly available computer graphics hardware. In this paper we describe a novel approach for simulating anisotropic reflections on OpenGLbased architectures in real time. The rendering of an anisotropic surface with one light source is exactly as expensive as the rendering of the same surface with traditional texturing and lighting. It is therefore possible in real time, even on low-end workstations and PCs.
Fault Tolerant Control for Induction Motor Drive Using Descriptor Approach

This paper presents an active fault tolerant control (FTC) strategy for induction motor drive that ensures trajectory tracking and offset the effect of the sensor faults despite the presence of load torque disturbance. The proposed approaches use a fuzzy descriptor observer to estimate simultaneously the system state and the sensor fault. The physical model of induction motor is approximated by the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy technique in the synchronous d-q frame rotating with field-oriented control strategy. The performances of the trajectory tracking are analyzed using the Lyapunov theory and 2 L optimization. Finally the effectiveness of the proposed strategy has been illustrated in simulation results. Key-Words: Induction motor, Fault tolerant control, Trajectory tracking, Takagi-Sugeno, LMI.
AIVA vs UML: Comparison of Component Application Visualizations in a Case-study

UML is the state of the art in visualization of software. However, it does not satisfy the needs of modeling in the domain of component applications and complex software architectures. UML has to be extended with profiles so as to be able to model the specifics of a particular component model; its diagrams are not scalable, therefore one has to balance the amount of information and readability; and it presents all the information at once so visual data mining is harder. These were the reasons for developing a completely new approach called AIVA (Advanced Interactive Visualization Approach) that focuses solely on the component domain and addresses the problems of scalability and readability by adopting interactive techniques like information hiding and details on demand. In this paper we analyse how this new approach stands compared with UML by modelling a nontrivial component application.
Continuous Space Translation Models with Neural Networks

The use of conventional maximum likelihood estimates hinders the performance of existing phrase-based translation models. For lack of sufficient training data, most models only consider a small amount of context. As a partial remedy, we explore here several continuous space translation models, where translation probabilities are estimated using a continuous representation of translation units in lieu of standard discrete representations. In order to handle a large set of translation units, these representations and the associated estimates are jointly computed using a multi-layer neural network with a SOUL architecture. In small scale and large scale English to French experiments, we show that the resulting models can effectively be trained and used on top of a n-gram translation system, delivering significant improvements in performance.
The effect of networks and risk attitudes on the dynamics of migration

Two central concerns for policy makers are the manageability of the rate of migration and the qualities of incoming migrants. This paper addresses these issues by proposing a theory that links risk aversion, the size of expatriate networks, migrant characteristics and the timing of migration. As the size of networks increases over time, finding employment becomes less uncertain, inducing more risk-averse individuals to migrate. Given that recent research suggests a negative relationship between risk aversion, entrepreneurial potential and cognitive ability, the model predicts a decrease in the quality of these ‘unobservable’ characteristics as networks grow larger. In addition, the dynamic relationship between network size and uncertainty leads to the following hypotheses: when migrants are more reliant on networks for finding work, more individuals will migrate, they will migrate sooner and at a faster rate. I use German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) data to provide empirical support for the predictions of the theoretical model.
N-Substituted 2-Aminobiphenylpalladium Methanesulfonate Precatalysts and Their Use in C–C and C–N Cross-Couplings

A series of phosphine-ligated palladium precatalysts based on N-methyl- and N-phenyl-2-aminobiphenyl have been developed. Substitution at the nitrogen center prevents the presence of traces of aminobiphenyls that contain a free −NH2 group from contaminating cross-coupling products. These precatalysts produce N-substituted carbazoles upon activation, which cannot consume starting materials. These precatalysts were efficiently generated from 2-aminobiphenyl with minimal purification and found to be highly effective in Suzuki–Miyaura and C–N cross-coupling reactions.
Design and Control of Self-organizing Systems

Complex systems are usually difficult to design and control. There are several particular methods for coping with complexity, but there is no general approach to build complex systems. In this thesis I propose a methodology to aid engineers in the design and control of complex systems. This is based on the description of systems as self-organizing. Starting from the agent metaphor, the methodology proposes a conceptual framework and a series of steps to follow to find proper mechanisms that will promote elements to find solutions by actively interacting among themselves. The main premise of the methodology claims that reducing the “friction” of interactions between elements of a system will result in a higher “satisfaction” of the system, i.e. better performance. A general introduction to complex thinking is given, since designing self-organizing systems requires a non-classical thought, while practical notions of complexity and self-organization are put forward. To illustrate the methodology, I present three case studies. Self-organizing traffic light controllers are proposed and studied with multi-agent simulations, outperforming traditional methods. Methods for improving communication within self-organizing bureaucracies are advanced, introducing a simple computational model to illustrate the benefits of self-organization. In the last case study, requirements for self-organizing artifacts in an ambient intelligence scenario are discussed. Philosophical implications of the conceptual framework are also put forward.
Temperature effect in high intensity focused ultrasound therapy control using dynamic MR elastography

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a method for non-invasive tumor therapy. The high energy density in the focal spot leads to local tissue heating and finally to thermal coagulation in the focal area (Fig.1) [1]. To monitor this treatment, the focus position can be detected online with temperature sensitive MR imaging. However characterization of the induced lesion is difficult. It has been shown that HIFU lesions have a decreased elasticity and that the change in elasticity is larger than change in relaxation times [2]. This new parameter for characterization of the lesions can be measured with MR elastography (MRE). In dynamic MRE [3], images of mechanical wave propagation are acquired using oscillating bipolar gradients. Determination of the local wavelength allows reconstruction of the local elasticity. The problem to generate mechanical waves inside samples can be solved using HIFU itself: The ultrasound absorption in the tissue causes a small but continuous radiation force in the direction of wave propagation. The radiation force has its maximum in the focus of the sound field. Thus a pulsed HIFU sonication induces shear waves with a propagation perpendicular to the sound direction and with the ultrasound focus as the origin point (Fig. 1) [4]. The aim of this work is to improve the significance of the HIFU therapy control by visualization of the generated shear waves using dynamic MRE.
Crystal Structure of Cell Adhesion Molecule Nectin-2/CD112 and Its Binding to Immune Receptor DNAM-1/CD226

The nectin and nectin-like molecule (Necl) family includes important cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) characterized by their Ig-like nature. Such CAMs regulate a broad spectrum of cell–cell interactions, including the interaction between NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and their target cells. CAM members nectin-2 (CD112) and Necl-5 (CD155) are believed to form homodimers (for nectin-2) or heterodimers in their functions for cell adhesion, as well as to interact with immune costimulatory receptor DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM-1) (CD226) to regulate functions of both NK and CTL cells. However, the structural basis of the interactive mode of DNAM-1 with nectin-2 or Necl-5 is not yet understood. In this study, a soluble nectin-2 Ig-like V-set domain (nectin-2v) was successfully prepared and demonstrated to bind to both soluble ectodomain and cell surface-expressed full-length DNAM-1. The 1.85-Å crystal structure of nectin-2v displays a perpendicular homodimer arrangement, revealing the homodimer characteristics of the nectin and Necls. Further mutational analysis indicated that disruption of the homodimeric interface of nectin-2v led to a failure of the homodimer formation, as confirmed by crystal structure and biochemical properties of the mutant protein of nectin-2v. Interestingly, the monomer mutant also loses DNAM-1 binding, as evidenced by cell staining with tetramers and surface plasmon resonance assays. The data indicate that interaction with DNAM-1 requires either the homodimerization or engagement of the homodimeric interface of nectin-2v. These results have implications for immune intervention of tumors or autoimmune diseases in the DNAM-1/nectin-2–dependent pathway.
Low-Complexity Decision Feedback Channel Estimation Approach for High Mobility OFDM

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) wireless communication systems suffer severe inter- channel interference(ICI) due to high Doppler frequency spread, the paper investigate a kind of channel estimation approach that combines the multiply continue OFDM symbols and decision feedback technology. Further, we present a low-complexity algorithm to evaluate the ICI components for decision feedback, computer simulation result demonstrates the approach improves performance considerably and the low-complexity algorithm conducts a little loss of performance.
Reconstructing shape from shading images under point light source illumination

A photometric method called point source illuminating stereo is proposed for determining the 3D shape of an object from multiple shading images under point light source illumination. When the surface is a perfect diffuser with uniform reflectance, an algorithm for the determination of 3D shape with positions is developed by using the method of least squares and relying on the principle of the monocular vision and the inverse square law for illuminance. In the proposed method, the number of the necessary images is four for the general surface, and can be reduced to three for the continuous surface. <<ETX>>