Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spleen-specific Expression of the Malaria-inducible Intronless Mouse Gene imap38 *

We characterize the mouse gene imap38and its inducibility by Plasmodium chabaudi malaria among different lymphoid tissues and mouse strains of differentH-2 complex and non-H-2 background.Imap38 is a single copy gene assigned to chromosome 6B. It consists of only one exon of 1900 base pairs encoding a highly basic 25.8-kDa protein. Confocal laser scanning microscopy localizes differently tagged IMAP38 proteins in nuclei of transfected cells. Reporter gene assays reveal that the 1730-base pair 5′-flanking region, containing an RSINE1 repeat immediately adjacent to initiation site +1, exhibits promoter activity in nonmurine cells, while it is largely repressed in diverse mouse cell lines, which corresponds to the situation in mouse tissues. P. chabaudi malaria inducesimap38 expression almost exclusively in the spleen but not in other lymphoid organs. Parasite lysates are able to induceimap38 in the spleen, but not in spleen cells ex vivo. Activation of spleen cells by LPS and other stimuli is not sufficient to induce imap38. Inducibility ofimap38 requires signals from both parasites and the intact spleen, and it is controlled by genes of that non-H-2background, which also controls development of protective immunity against P. chabaudi malaria.
Steroids In caRdiac Surgery (SIRS) trial: acute kidney injury substudy protocol of an international randomised controlled trial

Introduction Steroids In caRdiac Surgery trial (SIRS) is a large international randomised controlled trial of methylprednisolone or placebo in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the use of a cardiopulmonary bypass pump. At the time of surgery, compared with placebo, methylprednisolone divided into two intravenous doses of 250 mg each may reduce the risk of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods and analysis With respect to the study schedule, over 7000 substudy eligible patients from 81 centres in 18 countries were randomised in December 2013. The authors will use a logistic regression to estimate the adjusted OR of methylprednisolone versus placebo on the primary outcome of AKI in the 14 days following surgery (a postoperative increase in serum creatinine of ≥50%, or ≥26.5 μmol/L, from the preoperative value). The stage of AKI will also be considered, as will the outcome of AKI in those with and without preoperative chronic kidney disease. After receipt of grant funding, the authors began to record additional perioperative serum creatinine measurements in consecutive patients enrolled at substudy participating centres, and patients were invited to enroll in a 6-month serum creatinine collection. In these trial subpopulations, the authors will consider the outcome of AKI defined in alternate ways, and the outcome of a 6-month change in kidney function from the preoperative value. Ethics and dissemination The authors were competitively awarded a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research for this SIRS AKI substudy. Ethics approval was obtained for additional serum creatinine recordings in consecutive patients enrolled at participating centres. The additional kidney data collection first began for patients enrolled after 1 March 2012. In patients who provided consent, the last 6-month kidney outcome data will be collected in 2014. The results will be reported no later than 2015. Clinical Trial Registration Number NCT00427388.
Snowball sampling: using social networks to research non‐heterosexual women

This paper explores snowball sampling, a recruitment method that employs research into participants' social networks to access specific populations. Beginning with the premise that research is ‘formed’, the paper offers one account of snowball sampling and using social networks to ‘make’ research. Snowball sampling is often used because the population under investigation is ‘hidden’ either due to low numbers of potential participants or the sensitivity of the topic, for example, research with women who do not fit within the hegemonic heterosexual norm. This paper considers how the recruitment technique of snowball sampling, which uses interpersonal relations and connections between people, both includes and excludes individuals. Following this, the paper contends that due to the use of social networks and interpersonal relations, snowball sampling (in)forms how individuals act and interact in focus groups, couple interviews and interviews. Consequently, snowball sampling not only results in the recruitment of particular samples, use of this technique produces participants' accounts of their lives. Doctoral research with (rather than on or for) 28 non‐heterosexual women is used to examine the inclusions and exclusions of snowball sampling and how interpersonal relations form research accounts.
Predictive factors for psychiatric morbidity among women with infertility attending a gynaecology clinic in Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE To determine the psychosocial and clinical factors that are associated with psychiatric morbidity among women with infertility attending a Nigerian gynaecology clinic. METHOD Over a four month period, 320 respondents (160 in the study group and 160 in the control group) were interviewed using a proforma (designed by the authors) and a screening instrument, General Health Questionnaire version 30 (GHQ-30). All probable cases with a score of 5 or more on GHQ-30 were interviewed using the Present State Examination (PSE). Psychiatric diagnosis was made in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). RESULTS The infertility rate among the study group was found to be 25.8% with primary and secondary infertility rates constituting 21.9% and 78.1% respectively. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among women with infertility (48.8%) was significantly more than that in the control group (11.2%) (chi(2) = 51.80, p < 0.0001). Lack of support from husband (chi(2) = 15.31, p < 0.001), lack of support from husband's relatives (chi(2) = 39.60, p < 0.0001), discrimination (chi(2) = 69.91, p < 0.0001) and history of induced abortion (chi(2) = 30.40, p < 0.0001) were found to be significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity among patients with infertility when compared with the fertile control population. There was no significant difference in the rate of psychiatric morbidity between women with primary infertility and those with secondary infertility (chi(2) = 0.03; p = 0.87). CONCLUSION Psychiatric morbidity is significantly more common among patients with infertility as compared with those without. There was a significant association between psychiatric morbidity and absence of support from husband and his relations, presence of discrimination, and a history of induced abortion. We suggest more public enlightenment on the need for moral/psychosocial support to women with infertility. In addition, more efforts should be made towards early screening and identification of cases of psychiatric morbidity among patients with infertility.
Three target document range metrics for university web sites

Three new metrics are introduced that measure the range of use of a university Web site by its peers through different heuristics for counting links targeted at its pages. All three give results that correlate significantly with the research productivity of the target institution. The directory range model, which is based upon summing the number of distinct directories targeted by each other university, produces the most promising results of any link metric yet. Based upon an analysis of changes between models, it is suggested that range models measure essentially the same quantity as their predecessors but are less susceptible to spurious causes of multiple links and are therefore more robust.
Development of lymphocytes in interleukin 7‐transgenic mice

We have developed and established mouse transgenic lines in which the mouse interleukin 7 gene was targeted for expression in the lymphoid cell compartment. Northern blot analysis indicate that the transgene is expressed in bone marrow (BM), spleen and thymus, but not in kidney, liver, brain or heart. Both the frequency and absolute numbers of B cell precursors and mature B lymphocytes are increased in the BM and spleen of the transgenic mice. Although there is no expansion of the pro‐T lymphocyte population in the BM, the number of all major subsets of thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes is increased in the majority of the transgenic mice analyzed. The B and T cell lymphocytes in the transgenic mice are functionally competent. In contrast, the number of granulocytes and macrophages in the BM of transgenic mice is similar to that in control non‐transgenic littermates. Our results indicate that interleukin 7 plays an important role in vivo in the development of B and T lymphocytes.
Religion, Forced Migration and Schooling: Varying Influences of Religious Capital among Iraqi Christian Refugee Students in Jordan and the USA

This study is based on focus groups conducted with Christian Iraqi refugee secondary school students in the metropolitan Detroit area, and interviews with staff from volunteer aide agencies, non-governmental organizations, churches, and independent researchers in both Amman, Jordan as well as the Detroit metropolitan area. The article examines varying influences of religious capital among Iraqi Christian students. Examination of the operation of this capital within the context of the two countries' economic and foreign policy interests including their refugee policies exposes macro-level forces that render religious capital to function in countervailing manners. Iraqi Christian students in both Amman and Detroit experience the reverberating affects of an inverse relationship between their religious capital and their ability to live a stable and secure life in Iraq. Moreover, the ability of Iraqi refugees to wield their religious capital to their advantage in schooling is highly mediated by a dominant ideology within Jordan that positions them as ‘foreigners’, a restricted US refugee policy limiting the numbers allowed in, and a prevailing ideology within the USA that treats migrants from the Arab world as ‘suspect’ and potential threats to public safety and national security.
Traumatic brain injury as a result of violence in native American and black communities spanning from childhood to older adulthood

Abstract Primary objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the aetiology of TBI between different race, gender and age groups to understand demographic characteristics of people who experience TBI. Research design: A secondary data analysis of the Arizona Trauma Database consisting of 18 868 cases of TBI between 2008–2010 was conducted. Methods and procedures: The sample consisted of patients who ranged in age from 0–79 and were White, Black, Native American, Asian or other race. Cross-tabulations, chi-squares and a logistic regression were conducted. Main outcomes and results: Standardized residuals indicated that Native Americans and Blacks were more likely to experience violent TBI, regardless of gender or age group (p < 0.01). The logistic regression indicated that Native Americans (OR = 3.13), Blacks (OR = 1.95) and other race (OR = 1.56) patients had statistically significantly (p < 0.001) higher odds of experiencing violent TBI compared to Whites. In addition, females (OR = 0.40), children (OR = 0.75) and older adults (OR = 0.17) had statistically significantly (p < 0.001) lower odds of violent TBI. Conclusions: Providers of Native American and Black patients who have experienced violence should encourage them to receive assessments and treatment for TBI.
Study of the Hepatitis C Virus in the Republic of Macedonia

ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem. It is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and the most common indication for liver transplantation. The therapy for eradication of HCV infection is successful in only 50.0-80.0% of patients and is highly dependent on the HCV genotype. Molecular detection and characterization of HCV in the Republic of Macedonia started in 1990. Since then, more than 4000 samples have been analyzed at the Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (RCGEB) “Georgi D. Efremov,” Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. The prevalence of HCV infections in the healthy population of the Republic of Macedonia was found to be 0.4%, while it varies between 23.0 and 43.0% in different at-risk groups of patients. The prevalence of HCV genotypes, according to associated risk factors in HCV infected patients from the Republic of Macedonia, was analyzed. We found genotype 1 to be predominant in a group of hemodialysis patients, while genotype 3 was predominant in intravenous (IV) drug users. Association of six polymorphisms in the Oligoadenylate synthetase (OASL)-like interferonstimulated gene with a sustained virological response was also analyzed. Our preliminary results suggest that non ancestral alleles in four of the six studies polymorphisms in OASL gene are associated with sustained virological response among HCV infected patients in R. Macedonia.
MoRE: measurement of running executables

MoRE, or Measurement of Running Executables, was a DARPA Cyber Fast Track effort to study the feasibility of utilizing x86 translation look-aside buffer (TLB) splitting techniques for realizing periodic measurements of running and dynamically changing applications. Currently, there are certain applications that interleave code and data that cannot be meaningfully measured during execution due to their polymorphic/dynamically changing nature. This lack of meaningful measurement is a weakness in trusted computing MoRE aimed to, and succeeded to address.
Parenting and temperament as predictors of prosocial behaviour in Australian and Turkish Australian children

Abstract This study investigated the direct and indirect roles of parenting, child temperament and sociocultural context in predicting prosocial behaviour as identified by behavioural assessments and parent and teacher ratings. Comparisons of Australian children and Turkish children living in Australia allowed examination of cultural similarities and differences in levels of prosocial behaviours and in their predictors. Participants were 153 Australian 4–6-year-old children and 58 children with a Turkish background recruited from childcare centres serving low- and middle-class communities. Turkish and Australian children were similar in their levels of prosocial development, but the factors that predicted prosocial behaviour were somewhat different. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that maternal warmth and child persistence predicted prosocial behaviour for the Australian sample. For the Turkish sample, obedience-demanding behaviour had a facilitating effect upon prosocial development. The results .
Position-assisted interference coordination for integrated terrestrial-satellite networks

The integrated and/or hybrid satellite and terrestrial network has become more and more important because of its broad application prospect and has received considerable attention. At the same time, the integrated network also brings many challenges, especially the problem of interference. Due to the lack of frequency spectrum, frequency reuse is considered in the satellite network and the terrestrial network for enhancing spectral efficiency. However, this will cause considerable Co-Channel Interference (CCI) and thus interference coordination is imperative. In this paper, we propose an interference coordination scheme for the integrated satellite and terrestrial network. The satellite sends pilots for channel estimation at terrestrial base-stations, and transmits the received data to the terrestrial gateway. Then interference coordination is performed at the terrestrial gateway, where the interference channel is updated according to both the estimated information and the predicted change based on the positions. Furthermore, based on the scheme, we analyze the precision that needs to be reached and obtain a direct view on how the precision may influence the system performance.
Coping With Pain in the Motivational Context of Values

This study compares the effect of an acceptance-based protocol (ACT) and a cognitive control—based (CONT) protocol on three measures of pain coping: tolerance, self-report, and believability. Specific methodological controls were employed to further isolate the role of the value of participating in a pain task, compared to previous investigations on the alteration of the function of aversive stimulation. Twenty participants were randomly assigned to one of the conditions (ACT vs. CONT), and a pre—post design was used. In the ACT condition, the protocol established a relation of coordination between the pain-related thoughts and the actions in the valued direction. In the CONT condition, the protocol established a relation of opposition between the same aspects. Results show an increase in pain tolerance and a reduction of self-reported pain at posttest for both conditions. However, ACT participants showed significantly lower believability of pain than did CONT participants. Conceptual and clinical implications are discussed.
Transmission of single-flux-quantum pulses along superconducting microstrip lines

The authors analyzed, designed, and tested drivers and receivers which make it possible to connect distant circuits of the rapid single-flux-quantum (RSFQ) logic/memory family by passive superconducting microstrip lines. Using these circuits implemented with a niobium trilayer fabrication technology, reliable transmission and reception of the SFQ pulses over distances up to 1 cm, with margins of bias currents as wide as +or-30%, have been demonstrated. The pulses can be passed along wide lines (20 mu m for 3.5 mu Nb-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-Nb Josephson junction technology) over such distances and can be picked up by the RSFQ receiver. <<ETX>>
A new multi-layer clustering ensemble framework based on different closeness measures

Topics on clustering ensemble have attracted much attention in recent years. In many clustering ensemble frameworks, the simple partitional clustering methods, e.g., the most famous κ-means, are used as the ensemble's member “clusterers”, due to their low computational complexity. These ensemble approaches extend the scope of application of individual clustering algorithms, and improve the robustness of the final clustering results. However, by applying the ensemble approaches, many problems of clustering algorithms still cannot be settled. For example, the clustering ensemble based on κ-means might still not able to effectively deal with the clustering tasks with arbitrary clusters' shapes or imbalanced clusters's sizes. This problem is caused by the geometric-distance-based closeness measures (e.g. the Euclidean distance) used in the member clusterers. In this paper, we propose a multi-layer clustering ensemble framework where different kinds of closeness measures are used for different data points in one clustering task. In this framework, the data points which are hard to deal with (called the “bad data points”, e.g., the data points in the “overlapping” region of two non-spherical shaped clusters) are identified based on the outputs of a group of member clusterers, and the closeness between these bad data points will be calculated with a non-geometric-distance-based closeness measure called C M NC. In this way, the new framework can counter-act the drawbacks of the traditional ensemble approaches based on partitional clustering algorithms, and at the same time, it partially retains their merits of low computational cost.
A Pixel Labeling Approach for Historical Digitized Books

In the context of historical collection conservation and worldwide diffusion, this paper presents an automatic approach of historical book page layout segmentation. In this article, we propose to search the homogeneous regions from the content of historical digitized books with little a priori knowledge by extracting and analyzing texture features. The novelty of this work lies in the unsupervised clustering of the extracted texture descriptors to find homogeneous regions, i.e. graphic and textual regions, by performing the clustering approach on an entire book instead of processing each page individually. We propose firstly to characterize the content of an entire book by extracting the texture information of each page, as our goal is to compare and index the content of digitized books. The extraction of texture features, computed without any hypothesis on the document structure, is based on two non-parametric tools: the autocorrelation function and multiresolution analysis. Secondly, we perform an unsupervised clustering approach on the extracted features in order to classify automatically the homogeneous regions of book pages. The clustering results are assessed by internal and external accuracy measures. The overall results are quite satisfying. Such analysis would help to construct a computer-aided categorization tool of pages.
An Ethological Approach to Self-Injury

Severe self-injury may be seen in isolates when aggressive behaviour is provoked (Zuckermann, 1932), particularly if the consummation of aggres sion is denied (Cross & Harlow, 1965). Allyn et a! (1976) report a case study in which severe self-injury in a macaque was provoked by threatening the animal when it could not escape and was able to but did not attack the handler, suggesting that the animal could inhibit the aggression against the handler and direct it at itself. Self-injury in these situations i oftentermedself-fighting s ceitis accompanied by gestures normally seen in an agonistic context. Pond & Rush (1983)reporthe occurrence of spontaneous self-aggression in five rhesus monkeys, the injuries including self-clasping, self-slapping, self-rubbing and threatening body parts. The injury was generally associated with stressful or stimulating events such as cage changing changes in room population, attention being given to other monkeys or escape of other monkeys from their cages.
Novel method for depth-resolved brain functional imaging by time-domain NIRS

A novel approach to improve depth selectivity based on time-domain contrast functions is presented. The method was tested with Monte Carlo simulations showing sensitivity to absorption changes of deep inclusions and improved rejection of superficial effects. Preliminary in-vivo measurements were performed on healthy volunteer during a Valsalva maneuver and during finger tapping discriminating brain cortex activation from hemodynamic changes associated to systemic effects in the scalp.