Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“There's a Spirit That Transcends the Border”: Faith, Ritual, and Postnational Protest at the U.S.-Mexico Border

Religion is increasingly moving beyond private confines to public venues, where it challenges and informs public morality and civil society. This article focuses on the Posada Sin Fronteras, an annual political and religious-informed event that calls attention to the rising death toll at the U.S.-Mexico border caused by changes in U.S. border enforcement policies. Based on ethnographic data and on-the-spot interviews with participants at the event, this article analyzes the Posada as a collective ritual and examines the meanings it holds for its varied participants. The crisis in U.S. immigration and border enforcement policies, and the cultural influences brought about by Mexican and, to lesser extent, Central American immigration provide the conditions for the Posada. Interfaith religious morality allows for the adoption of Mexican and Catholic cultural forms by diverse groups, including people who are of neither Mexican nor Catholic heritage. We refer to this process as “religio-ethnic cultural expansion,” and we suggest that religious discourse of Christian kinship, unity, and shared humanity constitute one of the key forces animating the post-national challenge to nation-state border and citizenship policies.
Children's inference generation across different media

In the present study, we investigated the degree to which children's inference generation ability generalises across different media and predicts narrative comprehension over and above basic language skills and vocabulary. To address both aims, we followed two cohorts of children aged 4 and 6 as they turned 6 and 8 years old, respectively. At each time point we assessed their inference and narrative comprehension skills using aural, televised and written stories. We also assessed their basic language skills and vocabulary. The findings demonstrated that children's inference generation skills were highly inter-related across different media for both cohorts and at both time points. Also, children's inference generation had a significant contribution to children's narrative comprehension over and above basic language skills, vocabulary and media factors. The current set of findings has important theoretical and practical implications for early diagnosis and intervention in young children's high-order comprehension skills.
VANET for leveraging for caching network content distribution

To improve support network-centric information worldwide network storage cache the content server. Communication vehicle is not safe, and shows the first security application. However, the content server suffers from using the TCP / IP Internet network and the vehicles of lower mortgage rates in general and urban areas where the roof or on non-broadcast media in addition to the radio precision. To solve this problem, connect a network caching system comes to the customer with the transport paper files to establish a network of the vehicle in which all vehicles as customer files or cache transfer unknown file another request. Policy Cache A copy of the complete vehicle distribution network according to any interested. Performance evaluation by comparing the system with solutions and simulation tools ++ and vascular systems, TCP / IP and Sumo existing, the World Urban Forum and the current traffic situation is carried out difficult but realistic, thanks to the design of our software at any vehicle. Check the simulation results, the system is the fourth part: The strength of the construction of the dam, reliable and flexible various traffic load, the low consumption of the United Steelworkers and Internet resources and deposition rate.
Consensus with Byzantine Failures and Little System Synchrony

We study consensus in a message-passing system where only some of the n2 links exhibit some synchrony. This problem was previously studied for systems with process crashes; we now consider Byzantine failures. We show that consensus can be solved in a system where there is at least one non-faulty process whose links are eventually timely; all other links can be arbitrarily slow. We also show that, in terms of problem solvability, such a system is strictly weaker than one where all links are eventually timely
Transformaciones del rememorador: trayectoria del desarrollo y recuerdo de eventos históricos

Resumen Este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar evidencia empírica que demuestra la transformación en las habilidades de rememoración de eventos históricos socio-culturalmente relevantes a lo largo del ciclo vital. Participaron 42 adultos mayores y 22 adultos jóvenes en dos estudios orientados a analizar fluidez y precisión a través de tareas experimentales. Los resultados muestran de manera consistente que los adultos mayores superan a los adultos jóvenes: logran mayores tasas de fluidez en la recuperación y mejores tasas de acierto tanto en reconocimiento como en dateo temporal de eventos históricos. Teorizamos que el sistema de memoria autobiográfica actúa como un andamiaje implícito que facilita la tarea al adulto mayor y explica la transformación. En la trayectoria del desarrollo nos convertimos en “rememoradores nativos” y con ello, recordar eventos históricos se convierte en tarea natural y experta del desarrollo.
Recommender System Based on Social Trust Relationships

The development of social network has increased the importance of social recommendation. However, social recommender systems have only recently been given research attention. Social relationships between users, especially trust relationships, can facilitate the design of social recommender systems. Such systems are based on the idea that users linked by a social network tend to share similar interests. Existing recommender approaches based on social trust relationships do not fully utilize such relationships and thus have low prediction accuracy or slow convergence speed. We propose a factor analysis approach that explicitly and implicitly uses social trust relationships simultaneously to overcome this limitation and fully utilize social trust relationships. Our approach combines the advantages of the existing two approaches, social recommendation using probabilistic matrix factorization and learning to recommend with social trust ensemble. Based on Epinions data sets, our approach has both significantly higher prediction accuracy and convergence speed than traditional collaborative filtering technology and state-of-the-art trust-based recommendation approaches.
Localisation of function for noun and verb reading: Converging evidence for shared processing from fMRI activation and reaction time

Some researchers have argued in favour of verbs primarily activating the left frontal operculum (FO) in the dorsal stream, and left middle temporal (MT) region in the ventral stream, and that nouns primarily activate the left inferior temporal (IT) region in the ventral stream. Others have suggested that the activation representing noun and verb processing involves a shared neural network. We explored these hypotheses through the naming of identical, homonymous, separately cued nouns (the bat) and verbs (to bat) presented in word format using a modified naming task that ensured participants were treating the target as the appropriate part of speech (POS). Using homonymous homographs for both the noun and verb referents provides for an optimally controlled comparison given the target stimuli and responses are physically identical. Experiment 1 was a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment that showed that the majority of activation was shared by both the noun and verb naming conditions, across both the ventral and dorsal streams, including the regions suggested by previous researchers as unique to verbs (FO, MT) or nouns (IT). In contrast, there was little unique activation attributable to noun processing, and practically no unique activation attributable to verb processing. This experiment, which supports a spatially shared ventral and dorsal network for noun and verb naming, was the impetus for new hypotheses involving the sharing of processes in time. Experiment 2 showed an overadditive interaction on naming reaction time (RT) between POS and bigram frequency, which provided converging evidence that the shared processing for nouns and verbs involves sublexical processing, whereas an overadditive interaction between POS and word frequency provided converging evidence that the shared processing also involves orthographic lexical access. As such, our study provides converging fMRI and RT evidence that noun and verb reading predominantly share processing along both the ventral-lexical and dorsal-sublexical reading streams.
Homeland Subjectivity: The Algorithmic Identity of Security

War is the motor behind institutions and order. In the smallest of its cogs, peace is waging a secret war. To put it another way, we have to interpret the war that is going on beneath peace; peace is a coded war. We are therefore at war with one another; a battlefront runs through the whole of society, continuously and permanently, and it is this battlefront that puts us all on one side or the other. There is no such thing as a neutral subject. We are all inevitably someone’s adversary. *Michel Foucault, 21 January 1976
Alignments without low-scoring regions

Given a strong match between regions of two sequences, how far can the match be meaningfully extended if gaps are allowed in the resulting alignment? The aim is to avoid searching beyond the point that a useful extension of the alignment is likely to be found. Without loss of generality, we can restrict attention to the suffixes of the sequences that follow the strong match, which leads to the following formal problem. Given two sequences and a fixed X > 0, align initial portions of the sequences subject to the constraint that no section of the alignment scores below -X. Our results indicate that computing an optimal alignment under this constraint is very expensive. However, less rigorous conditions on the alignment can be guaranteed by quite efficient algorithms. One of these variants has been implemented in a new release of the Blast suite of database search programs.
ConSite: web-based prediction of regulatory elements using cross-species comparison

ConSite is a user-friendly, web-based tool for finding cis-regulatory elements in genomic sequences. Predictions are based on the integration of binding site prediction generated with high-quality transcription factor models and cross-species comparison filtering (phylogenetic footprinting). By incorporating evolutionary constraints, selectivity is increased by an order of magnitude as compared to single-sequence analysis. ConSite offers several unique features, including an interactive expert system for retrieving orthologous regulatory sequences. Programming modules and biological databases that form the foundation of the ConSite service are freely available to the research community. ConSite is available at http:/www.phylofoot. org/consite.
Simultaneous time-series spectroscopy and multi-band photometry of the sdBV PG 1605+072

We present time-series spectroscopy and multi-band photometry of the sdBV PG 1605+072 carried out simulta- neously at the Calar Alto 2.2-m and 3.5-m telescopes. The periodogram analysis of the radial velocity curves reveals three frequencies at 2.078, 2.756, and 1.985 mHz for Hβ and at 2.076, 2.753, and 1.978 mHz for Hγ. The corresponding radial veloc- ity amplitudes are 12.7, 8.0, and 7.9 km s −1 for Hβ and 14.3, 6.5, and 7.2 km s −1 for Hγ. Furthermore, we found five frequencies that are present in all wavelength bands of the BUSCA photometer. The frequencies detected in the radial velocity curves are recovered by the photometric measurements. Moreover, additional frequencies were present in the periodograms which could not be identified in all four bands simultaneously. The comparison of the amplitudes presented here with previous results from radial velocity and photometric observations of PG 1605+072 shows a significant change or even switch in the power of the modes within short time scales, i.e. about one year. No changes in frequency were registered and the phases of the modes show no wavelength dependency within our multi-band photometry.
Modeling and DBC-PSC-PWM Control of a Three-Phase Flying-Capacitor Stacked Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter

In this paper, the authors propose a mathematical model for a new topology called "stacked multicell converter" (SMC). Each phase of the SMC n × m multilevel inverter is formed by a stack of m flying-capacitor multilevel inverters, and each stack or stage is realized by connecting in series n controllable commutation cells. An original multicarrier subharmonic pulsewidth modulation (PWM), called disposition band carrier and phase-shifted carrier PWM (DBC-PSC-PWM), method is developed to produce (n × m + 1) output voltage levels and to improve the output voltage harmonic spectrum with a wide output frequency range. A diagram state machine is then used to decode the DBC-PSC-PWM modulator and distribute the commutations evenly to each inverter cell in a cyclical fashion. To carry out, in practice, the SMC n × m modulation technique, the implementation of the modulation control strategy has been done in a field-programmable gate array circuit XC4010E+ of XILINX to control a three-phase SMC 3 × 2 seven-level inverter, and the experimental results are carried out to confirm the high performance of this inverter.
Barcelona Economics Working Paper Series the Part-time Pay Penalty in a Segmented Labor Market the Part-time Pay Penalty in a Segmented Labor Market

This paper is the first to examine the implications of switching to PT work for women's subsequent earnings trajectories, distinguishing by their type of contract: permanent or fixed-term. Using a rich longitudinal Spanish data set from Social Security records of over 76,000 prime-aged women strongly attached to the Spanish labor market, we find that PT work aggravates the segmentation of the labor market insofar there is a PT pay penalty and this penalty is larger and more persistent in the case of women with fixed-term contracts. The paper discusses problems arising in empirical estimation (including a problem not discussed in the literature up to now: the differential measurement error of the LHS variable by PT status), and how to address them. It concludes with policy implications relevant for Continental Europe and its dual structure of employment protection. ________________________ We are extremely grateful to participants of 34 th Symposium of Economic Analysis at the Universitat de Valencia, the Second Workshop on Gender Economics at the Universidad de Granada, ZEW Workshop on Flexibility in Heterogeneous Labour Markets at Mannheim, and seminars at the Bank of Spain and the Universitat Pompeu Fabra for helpful comments. We also thank the extremely valuable suggestions and comments from two anonymous referees and the editor, Juan J.
Impact of Advanced Hearing Aid Technology on Speech Understanding for Older Listeners with Mild to Moderate, Adult-Onset, Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Background: Hearing loss is one of the most common chronic health conditions of older people. Hearing aids are the customary treatment and they improve quality of life in older adults. Even so, relatively few older adults with uncomplicated, mild to moderate, adult-onset, sensorineural hearing loss use hearing aids. One reason for this is a belief that hearing aids do not provide sufficient value to justify their expense. Although modern hearing aids are available at several price points, there is minimal evidence about the relative benefits of premium-level versus basic-level hearing aid technologies. Objective: This research was designed to demonstrate the relative effectiveness of premium hearing aids compared with basic hearing aids in improving speech understanding and quality of life. Methods: 25 participants, including both new and experienced hearing aid users, completed blinded month-long field trials with each of four pairs of hearing aids: two basic and two premium level. Outcomes were laboratory speech understanding tests, standardized questionnaires and open-ended diary items. Results: Participants reacted very positively to all the hearing aids. Both everyday speech understanding and quality of life were substantially improved with hearing aids. Results for both new and experienced users were consistent with a conclusion that there were no statistically significant or clinically important differences in improvement between the premium- and basic-level hearing aids. Conclusions: It should not be assumed that more costly hearing aids always produce better outcomes. With contemporary hearing aids from two major manufacturers, the subjects obtained as much improvement in speech understanding and quality of life from lower-cost basic-level instruments as from higher-cost premium-level instruments. Regardless of technology level, comprehensive best-practice fitting protocols should be followed to optimize results for every patient. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Foundations of Probabilistic Logic

We formalize a mathematical approach to probabilistic logic for zero-order logic and derive new inequalities that are necessary and sufficient for consistent probability assignments to propositions. We prove that a complete theory of probabilistic logic requires the a priori assignment of probabilities for a system with k basic propositions. We also show that a proposal due to Cheeseman, namely, to regard measures of confidence in knowledge systems as expectations that are conditioned on unknown distributions, does not work in general. We demonstrate this by showing that several certainty measures proposed for expert systems are not consistent with the derived inequalities for probabilistic logics. A common practice in machine reasoning systems is the assignment of a measure of plausibility to any statement. Several such assignments exist and have been the subject of Pearl 1985) have proposed probability theory, based on a classical Bayesian approach, for the basis of a formal theory of plausibility assignment for knowledge systems. (For surveys of other systems of assignment, see (Freedman 1986; Prade 1985; and Reseller 1964). Part of the problem of deriving consistent and complete probability assignments to statements concerns the formalization of the statistical dependencies between statements. Another problem concerns the definition of the correct sample space for statements. Recently, (Nilsson 1986) has defined a sample space for propositions that results in a fundamental method of assignment, called probabilistic logic. Probabilistic logic is based on classical probability theory, with the standard operators for negation, conjunction, disjunction, and implication. Notation for these operators are given in PROLOG notation as: Let L be a set of propositions At. A probability function on L (a probabilistic logic function) is a map that is subject to two rules: Rl. If A is a tautology, then | R2. If not(A,B) is a tautology, then A classical probability theory is a triple. ) of a sample space S, a Boolean algebra of Borel sets and a measure. defined for Since we are concerned here with a discrete sample space, the probability theory is given by a "probability" P that is defined on all subsets of S that satisfies In order to justify the use of a probability theory in logic, one must show that conditions (1) and (2) imply that p has an interpretation as a classical probability on a relevant sample space. The correct sample space recently defined by (Nilsson 1986) is given by the following: Definition: The …
Modular construction for function of a ribonucleoprotein enzyme: the catalytic domain of Bacillus subtilis RNase P complexed with B. subtilis RNase P protein.

The bacterial RNase P holoenzyme catalyzes the formation of the mature 5'-end of tRNAs and is composed of an RNA and a protein subunit. Among the two folding domains of the RNase P RNA, the catalytic domain (C-domain) contains the active site of this ribozyme. We investigated specific binding of the Bacillus subtilis C-domain with the B.subtilis RNase P protein and examined the catalytic activity of this C-domain-P protein complex. The C-domain forms a specific complex with the P protein with a binding constant of approximately 0.1 microM. The C-domain-P protein complex and the holoenzyme are equally efficient in cleaving single-stranded RNA (approximately 0.9 min(-1) at pH 7.8) and substrates with a hairpin-loop 3' to the cleavage site (approximately 40 min(-1)). The holoenzyme reaction is much more efficient with a pre-tRNA substrate, binding at least 100-fold better and cleaving 10-500 times more efficiently. These results demonstrate that the RNase P holoenzyme is functionally constructed in three parts. The catalytic domain alone contains the active site, but has little specificity and affinity for most substrates. The specificity and affinity for the substrate is generated by either the specificity domain of RNase P RNA binding to a T stem-loop-like hairpin or RNase P protein binding to a single-stranded RNA. This modular construction may be exploited to obtain RNase P-based ribonucleoprotein complexes with altered substrate specificity.
Advancing the adoption of advanced computing methods and technologies for real-time control center operations

Control center operation is becoming more complex as new and often-conflicting reliability, economics, and public policy issues emerge. Computer simulations will be required to analyze larger and larger amounts of system data (of different types) and what-if-scenarios to derive succinct information for operators to make informed decisions. Existing control center systems are primarily based on the original digital computing infrastructure first designed in the 1960-70's. Incremental changes have occurred since then addressing issues in a piecemeal fashion. Thus, today's systems do not take full advantage of computing power in their existing infrastructure or in the computing industry in general. Researchers should also scrutinize the existing fundamental power system algorithms with advancements in numerical algorithms and simulation techniques with the availability of new system data and additional demands and uncertainties exerted on the system. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is exploring advancements in computing technologies and power system problem solution methodologies to provide more timely and accurate information to control center operations. The authors have identified some long-term research goals and near-term research efforts to advance the adoption new computational technologies and simulation techniques in control center operations. This work considers both operations and operations planning (day-ahead) needs. A preliminary study of the use of Graphics Processing Units (GPU) for speeding up AC power flow is given as an example application.
Risky Business: Developmental Neuroscience and the Culpability of Young Killers

Children and young people who kill do not always act with the mental acuity expected of someone who has reached full maturity, yet when they are charged with murder or manslaughter they are often tried as adults. This contradicts the basic principle of criminal responsibility that criminalisation is based upon moral blameworthiness. A conviction for murder requires at least a conscious appreciation of a real risk of death. Recent research by developmental neuroscientists shows that adolescence is a developmental stage and that the adolescent brain is not capable of the same level of reasoning expected in the average adult. This article suggests that the criminal justice system can adapt to these recent advances in knowledge via specific defences of a diminished capacity class, or by allowing evidence of general adolescent brain development to support defence arguments that a young accused did not form the mens rea required for murder.