Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reappraise the Situation but Express Your Emotions: Impact of Emotion Regulation Strategies on ad libitum Food Intake

Research investigating the role of maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) on food intake has exclusively focused on food intake in a forced consumption situation. In contrast, the present study examined the effect of negative emotions (fear, negative affect) and ER strategies (suppression, reappraisal) on food intake in a non-forced, free eating setting where participants (N = 165) could choose whether and how much they ate. This free (ad libitum) eating approach enabled, for the first time, the testing of (1) whether eating (yes/no) is used as a secondary ER strategy and (2) whether the amount of food intake differed, depending on the ER strategy. In order to produce a more ecologically valid design, ER strategy manipulation was realized while exposing participants to emotion induction procedures. To induce an initial negative emotional state, a movie clip was presented without ER instruction. The instructions to regulate emotions (suppression, reappraisal, no ER instruction) then preceded a second clip. The results show that whereas about two-thirds of the control (no ER instruction) and suppression groups began to eat, only one-third of the reappraisal group did. However, when reappraisers began to eat, they ate as much as participants in the suppression and control groups. Accordingly, the results suggest that when people are confronted with a negative event, eating is used as a secondary coping strategy when the enacted ER is ineffective. Conversely, an adaptive ER such as reappraisal decreases the likelihood of eating in the first place, even when ER is employed during rather than before the unfolding of the negative event. Consequently, the way we deal with negative emotions might be more relevant for explaining emotional eating than the distress itself.
Antfarm: Tracking Processes in a Virtual Machine Environment

In a virtualized environment, the VMM is the system's primary resource manager. Some services usually implemented at the OS layer, like I/O scheduling or certain kinds of security monitoring, are therefore more naturally implemented inside the VMM. Implementing such services at the VMM layer can be complicated by the lack of OS and application-level knowledge within a VMM. This paper describes techniques that can be used by a VMM to independently overcome part of the "semantic gap" separating it from the guest operating systems it supports. These techniques enable the VMM to track the existence and activities of operating system processes. Antfarm is an implementation of these techniques that works without detailed knowledge of a guest's internal architecture or implementation. An evaluation of Antfarm for two virtualization environments and two operating systems shows that it can accurately infer process events while incurring only a small 2.5% runtime overhead in the worst case. To demonstrate the practical benefits of process information in a VMM we implement an anticipatory disk scheduler at the VMM level. This case study shows that significant disk throughput improvements are possible in a virtualized environment by exploiting process information within a VMM.
Secure Electronic and Mobile Commerce

Commerce, particularly electronic commerce and mobile commerce (e/m-commerce for short), and security are related to each other and in fact are inseparable, hence the birth of secure e/m-commerce. This paper discusses the applications of public key encryption and zero-knowledge identification in e/m-commerce in order to make the e/m-commerce secure, useful and practical
Trypan blue staining of internal limiting membrane and epiretinal membrane during vitrectomy: visual results and histopathological findings

Aims: To report on the use of trypan blue (TB) 0.06% for staining the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and epiretinal membrane (ERM) during vitrectomy and report on their histology. Method: 14 consecutive patients with idiopathic macular hole or macular pucker (seven patients each) were prospectively recruited for ILM or ERM peel respectively. After pars plana vitrectomy and induction of posterior vitreous detachment, 0.5 ml TB 0.06% in phosphate buffered saline (VisonBlue) was injected over the posterior pole in an air filled eye and left for 2 minutes. The stained tissue was peeled with intraocular forceps. Specimens were evaluated using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Results: The average follow up was 4.4 months. Internal limiting membranes and epiretinal membranes were stained satisfactorily in all cases and removed successfully. Eight patients (57%) had improvement of 2 or more Snellen lines. All seven macular holes closed. In the ERM cases, no residual membranes were observed clinically, at the latest follow up. No complications relating to the use of the dye were encountered intraoperatively or postoperatively. Of the 14 procedures, nine (four macular hole and five macular pucker) yielded sufficient tissue for histopathological evaluation. Histological and immunohistological assessment revealed that the morphology of these specimens was similar to that observed in macular hole ILM and macular pucker ERM removed without the aid of dye. Conclusion: TB staining facilitated the identification and delineation of ILM and ERM removal during the surgical management of macular holes and macular pucker. The visual outcome of this series and the specimens removed suggest they are no different from those without TB staining. Its use in posterior segment appears to be safe but further studies are required to investigate its long term safety.
Using a Smartphone Application to Promote Healthy Dietary Behaviours and Local Food Consumption

Smartphone “apps” are a powerful tool for public health promotion, but unidimensional interventions have been ineffective at sustaining behavioural change. Various logistical issues exist in successful app development for health intervention programs and for sustaining behavioural change. This study reports on a smartphone application and messaging service, called “SmartAPPetite,” which uses validated behaviour change techniques and a behavioural economic approach to “nudge” users into healthy dietary behaviours. To help gauge participation in and influence of the program, data were collected using an upfront food survey, message uptake tracking, experience sampling interviews, and a follow-up survey. Logistical and content-based issues in the deployment of the messaging service were subsequently addressed to strengthen the effectiveness of the app in changing dietary behaviours. Challenges included creating relevant food goal categories for participants, providing messaging appropriate to self-reported food literacy and ensuring continued participation in the program. SmartAPPetite was effective at creating a sense of improved awareness and consumption of healthy foods, as well as drawing people to local food vendors with greater frequency. This work serves as a storehouse of methods and best practices for multidimensional local food-based smartphone interventions aimed at improving the “triple bottom line” of health, economy, and environment.
CHLORITE-CHLORITOID-GARNET EQUILIBRIA AND GEOTHERMOMETRY IN THE SANANDAJ-SIRJAN ME-TAMORPHIC BELT, SOUTHERN IRAN

Chloritoid is crystallised with chlorite, white mica and garnet in chlorite zone metapelites ofthe regional metamorphic rocks of the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt in southern Iran. Chemistry ofcoexisting minerals is studied using microprobe analysis. Application of the chlorite-chloritoidgeothermometry gives temperatures of 515°C and 557°C. The Chlorite-garnet Fe-Mg exchangegeothermometer indicates temperatures between 442°C and 460°C for various pressures. A comparisonof the results from two geothermometers, along with a study of mineral assemblages in the rocks showthat the chlorite-chloritoid thermometer overestimates the temperature by about 70°C.
Scaling SGD Batch Size to 32K for ImageNet Training

The most natural way to speed-up the training of large networks is to use data-parallelism on multiple GPUs. To scale Stochastic Gradient (SG) based methods to more processors, one need to increase the batch size to make full use of the computational power of each GPU. However, keeping the accuracy of network with increase of batch size is not trivial. Currently, the state-of-the art method is to increase Learning Rate (LR) proportional to the batch size, and use special learning rate with "warm-up" policy to overcome initial optimization difficulty. By controlling the LR during the training process, one can efficiently use large-batch in ImageNet training. For example, Batch-1024 for AlexNet and Batch-8192 for ResNet-50 are successful applications. However, for ImageNet-1k training, state-of-the-art AlexNet only scales the batch size to 1024 and ResNet50 only scales it to 8192. The reason is that we can not scale the learning rate to a large value. To enable large-batch training to general networks or datasets, we propose Layer-wise Adaptive Rate Scaling (LARS). LARS LR uses different LRs for different layers based on the norm of the weights and the norm of the gradients. By using LARS algoirithm, we can scale the batch size to 32768 for ResNet50 and 8192 for AlexNet. Large batch can make full use of the system's computational power. For example, batch-4096 can achieve 3x speedup over batch-512 for ImageNet training by AlexNet model on a DGX-1 station (8 P100 GPUs).
Multi-level adaptive solutions to boundary-value problems math comptr

The boundary-value problem is discretized on several grids (or finite-element spaces) of widely different mesh sizes. Interactions between these levels enable us (i) to solve the possibly nonlinear system of n discrete equations in 0(n) operations (40n additions and shifts for Poisson problems); (ii) to conveniently adapt the discretization (the local mesh size, local order of approximation, etc.) to the evolving solution in a nearly optimal way, obtaining "°°-order" approximations and low n, even when singularities are present. General theoretical analysis of the numerical process. Numerical experiments with linear and nonlinear, elliptic and mixed-type (transonic flow) problemsconfirm theoretical predictions. Similar techniques for initial-value problems are briefly
Desarrollo fonético-fonológico del español en niños

This article presents the description of 472 infants’ phonetic-phonological characteristics who live in Bogota with ages ranging from 0 to 6 years. The data were taken from the study Observational Scale of the Language Development and Parameters of Stimulation achieved by the Team of Investigation on Oral Language, whose harvesting became from observations guided by questionnaires. The results present the phonetic-phonological characteristics in each interval of age. It is concluded that the phonetic-phonological development of Bogota children preserves the development standard parameters that have been described in Spanish-speaking populations.
Dynamics of fault interaction: parallel strike‐slip faults

We use a two-dimensional finite difference computer program to study the effect of fault steps on dynamic ruptures. Our results indicate that a strike-slip earthquake is unlikely to jump a fault step wider than 5 km, in correlation with field observations of moderate to great-sized earthquakes. We also find that dynamically propagating ruptures can jump both compressional and dilational fault steps, although wider dilational fault steps can be jumped. Dilational steps tend to delay the rupture for a longer time than compressional steps do. This delay leads to a slower apparent rupture velocity in the vicinity of dilational steps. These “dry” cases assumed hydrostatic or greater pore-pressures but did not include the effects of changing pore pressures. In an additional study, we simulated the dynamic effects of a fault rupture on ‘undrained’ pore fluids to test Sibson's (1985, 1986) suggestion that “wet” dilational steps are a barrier to rupture propagation. Our numerical results validate Sibson's hypothesis by demonstrating that the effect of the rupture on the ‘undrained’ pore fluids is to inhibit the rupture from jumping dilational stepovers. The basis of our result differs from Sibson's hypothesis in that our model is purely elastic and does not necessitate the opening of extension fractures between the fault segments.
Output-sensitive volume tracking

Feature tracking is a useful technique for studying the evolution of phenomena (or features) in time-varying scientific datasets. Time-varying datasets can be massive and are constantly becoming larger as more powerful machines are being used for scientific computations. To interactively explore such datasets feature tracking must be done efficiently. For massive datasets, which do not fit into memory, tracking should be done out-of-core. In this paper, we propose an "output-sensitive" feature tracking, which uses the pre-computed metadata to (1) enable out-of-core processing structured datasets, (2) expedite the feature tracking processing, and (3) make the feature tracking less threshold sensitive. With the assistance of the pre-computed metadata, the complexity of the feature extraction is improved from O(mlgm) to O(n), where m is the number of cells in a timestep and n is the number of cells in just the extracted features. Furthermore, the feature tracking's complexity is improved from O(nlgn) to O(nlgk), where k is the number of cells in a feature group. The metadata computation and feature tracking can easily be adapted to the out-of-core paradigm. The effectiveness and efficiency of this algorithm is demonstrated using experiments.
Hepatitis B virus infection enhances susceptibility toward adeno‐associated viral vector transduction in vitro and in vivo

Gene therapy has become an accepted concept for the treatment of a variety of different diseases. In contrast to preclinical models, subjects enrolled in clinical trials, including gene therapy, possess a history of infection with microbes that may influence its safety and efficacy. Especially, viruses that establish chronic infections in the liver, one of the main targets for in vivo gene therapy, raise important concerns. Among them is the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which has chronically infected more than 350 million people worldwide. Here, we investigated the effect of HBV on adeno‐associated viral (AAV) vectors, the most frequently applied gene transfer vehicles for in vivo gene therapy. Unexpectedly, we found that HBV greatly improved AAV transduction in cells replicating HBV and identified HBV protein x (HBx) as a key factor. Whereas HBV‐positive and ‐negative cells were indistinguishable with respect to cell‐entry efficiency, significantly higher numbers of AAV vector genomes were successfully delivered to the nucleus in the presence of HBV. The HBV‐promoting effect was abolished by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K). PI3K was required for efficient trafficking of AAV to the nucleus and was enhanced in HBV‐replicating cells and upon HBx expression. Enhancement of AAV transduction was confirmed in vivo using HBV transgenic mice and could successfully be applied to inhibit HBV progeny release. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that acute, as well as chronic, infections with unrelated viruses change the intracellular milieu, thereby likely influencing gene therapy outcomes. In the case of HBV, HBx‐mediated enhancement of AAV transduction is an advantage that could be exploited for development of novel treatments of HBV infection. (Hepatology 2014;59:2110‐2120)
Abnormal hippocampal morphology in dissociative identity disorder and post‐traumatic stress disorder correlates with childhood trauma and dissociative symptoms

Smaller hippocampal volume has been reported in individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociative identity disorder (DID), but the regional specificity of hippocampal volume reductions and the association with severity of dissociative symptoms and/or childhood traumatization are still unclear. Brain structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were analyzed for 33 outpatients (17 with DID and 16 with PTSD only) and 28 healthy controls (HC), all matched for age, sex, and education. DID patients met criteria for PTSD (PTSD–DID). Hippocampal global and subfield volumes and shape measurements were extracted. We found that global hippocampal volume was significantly smaller in all 33 patients (left: 6.75%; right: 8.33%) compared with HC. PTSD–DID (left: 10.19%; right: 11.37%) and PTSD‐only with a history of childhood traumatization (left: 7.11%; right: 7.31%) had significantly smaller global hippocampal volume relative to HC. PTSD–DID had abnormal shape and significantly smaller volume in the CA2‐3, CA4‐DG and (pre)subiculum compared with HC. In the patient groups, smaller global and subfield hippocampal volumes significantly correlated with higher severity of childhood traumatization and dissociative symptoms. These findings support a childhood trauma‐related etiology for abnormal hippocampal morphology in both PTSD and DID and can further the understanding of neurobiological mechanisms involved in these disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1692–1704, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conditions for the occurrence of seismic sequences in a fault system

Abstract. We consider a fault system producing a sequence of seismic events of similar magnitudes. If the system is made up of n faults, there are n ! possible sequences, differing from each other for the order of fault activation. Therefore the order of events in a sequence can be expressed as a permutation of the first n integers. We investigate the conditions for the occurrence of a seismic sequence and how the order of events is related to the initial stress state of the fault system. To this aim, we consider n coplanar faults placed in an elastic half-space and subject to a constant and uniform strain rate by tectonic motions. We describe the state of the system by n variables that are the Coulomb stresses of the faults. If we order the faults according to the magnitude of their Coulomb stresses, a permutation of the first n integers can be associated with each state of the system. This permutation changes whenever a fault produces a seismic event, so that the evolution of the system can be described as a sequence of permutations. A crucial role is played by the differences between Coulomb stresses of the faults. The order of events implicit in the initial state is modified due to changes in the differences between Coulomb stresses and to different stress drops of the events. We find that the order of events is determined by the initial stress state, the stress drops and the stress transfers associated with each event. Therefore the model allows the retrieval of the stress states of a fault system from the observation of the order of fault activation in a seismic sequence. As an example, the model is applied to the 2012 Emilia (Italy) seismic sequence and enlightens the complex interplay between the fault dislocations that produced the observed order of events.
Relativistic effects in Ni II and the search for variation of the fine structure constant

Theories unifying gravity and other interactions suggest the possibility of spatial and temporal variation of physical ``constants'' in the Universe. Detection of high redshift absorption systems intersecting the sight lines towards distant quasars provide a powerful tool for measuring these variations. In the present paper we demonstrate that high sensitivity to variation of the fine structure constant alpha can be obtained by comparing cosmic and laboratory spectra of the Ni II ion. Relativistic effects in Ni II reveal many interesting features. The Ni II spectrum exhibits avoided level crossing phenomenon under variation of alpha and the intervals between the levels have strong nonlinear dependencies on relativistic corrections. The values of the transition frequency shifts, due to the change of alpha, vary significantly from state to state including change of the sign. This enhances the sensitivity to the variation of alpha and reduces possible systematic errors. The calculations of alpha-dependence of the nickel ion spectral lines that are detectable in quasar absorption spectra have been performed using a relativistic configuration interaction method.
Energetically consistent collisions in simulation of multibody systems

This paper presents a methodology for treating energy consistency when considering multiple simultaneous impacts and contacts with friction in the simulation of systems of multiple interconnected bodies. Hard impact and contact is considered where deformation of the impacting surfaces is negligible. The proposed approach uses a discrete algebraic model of impact in conjunction with moment and tangential co-efficients of restitution (CORs) to develop a general impact law for determining post-impact velocities. This process depends on impulse-momentum theory, complementarity conditions, a principle of maximum dissipation, and the determination of contact forces. The proposed methodology also uses an energy-modifying COR to directly control the system's energy. The approach is illustrated on a bicycle-like structure.
Coordinated concurrent memory accesses on a reconfigurable multimedia processor

Reconfigurable fabrics are designed by tiling operators and memories. In the context of SoC, multiple local memories are critical for algorithmic performance, since they provide concurrent data accesses for configured compute processes. This paper considers a practical case where internal fabric buses and connectivity gives a shared-memory characteristic to the architecture. We rely on static reconfigurability and high-level programming techniques to render automated memory access scheduling feasible in a deterministic manner. A programming model has been developed to enable task synchronization on memory resources. Static scheduling is achieved at compile time by observing the sequence of operations in the concurrent processes, and by synthesizing a controller program to support the best schedule of operations favoring high throughput. The hardware target is a reconfigurable fabric designed at STMicroelectronics in 65nm. This hardware/software solution is scalable, flexible and provide high throughput on memories, as shown on a graphic accelerator for an MPEG-4 deblocking application.