Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Two Invasive Cacopsylla chinensis (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Lineages Based on Two Mitochondrial Sequences and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of Cytochrome Oxidase I Amplicon

Abstract The occurrence of pear decline, a disease found in some pear (Pyrus spp.) orchards of Taiwan in recent years, is accompanied by an outbreak of Cacopsylla chinensis (Yang & Li). Two major morphological forms (summer and winter forms) with a variety of intermediate body color and two phylogenetic lineages of this psyllid have been described. The work herein used sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S rDNA regions to delineate the genetic differentiation of this color-variable insect and to elucidate their relationship. Sequence divergence and phylogenetic analysis have shown that C. chinensis individuals could be divided into two lineages with 3.3 and 2.3% divergence of COI and 16S rDNA, respectively. All specimens from China were found to belong to lineage I. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of COI with restriction enzymes AcuI, AseI, BccI, and FokI on 263 specimens of six populations from Taiwan produced two digestion patterns, which are in agreement with the two lineages described above. Both patterns could be found in each population, with most individuals belonging to lineage I and 5–21% of the individuals belonging to lineage II. Because these two lineages included summer as well as winter morphological forms, the lineage differentiation is apparently not related to morphological characters of this psyllid. Because the invasive records are not in favor of a sympatric differentiation, this psyllid is more likely introduced as different populations from countries in temperate regions.
Distinguishing theoretical synaptic potentials computed for different soma-dendritic distributions of synaptic input.

A process and apparatus for the conversion of anilinothiazolino amino acid derivatives of peptides and proteins for use with conventional sequencers in the overall Edman degradation process. The apparatus comprises a modular unit separate from the sequencer having an independently programmable control and flow actuating and directing means including a source of pressurized nitrogen, a conversion reagent container, a wash solvent container, a reaction vessel, and a plurality of interconnecting tubes and valves controlled so as to regulate the amounts and durations of all fluids entering and leaving said reaction vessel under gas pressure.
Self-regulated learning in IT-integrated learning environment: its relationships with information literacy and attitudes towards IT

Self-regulated learning is a vital skill in IT-integrated learning environment. Its importance becomes evident after the explosion of Information Technology (IT). There is now substantial body of research showing that learning in IT-integrated environment is an active, and constructive process. It may be related to the learner’s self-attribute such as their information literacy and attitudes towards IT. This study aims to examine the relationships between self-regulated learning, information literacy and attitudes towards IT among smart school students. Self-regulated learning was gauged by the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) while attitudes towards IT were measured with the Attitudes towards IT Scale. An Information Literacy Scale was built specifically to measure students’ information literacy. Its validity and reliability were established in this study. A total of 322 students from two randomly chosen smart schools were sampled. Findings revealed that students’ self-regulated learning was positively and significantly related to their information literacy (r=.42, p<.01) and attitudes towards IT (r=.37, p<.01). Further analyses on specific self-regulated learning strategies suggest that students’ information literacy is more related to their usage of cognitive and metacognitive strategies, while attitudes towards IT is more related to the use of resource management strategies.
Partenariat et stratégies identitaires : une tentative de typologisation.

Cet article situe le partenariat comme concept empirique, traverse par les contradictions sociales et influence par les systemes d'interet des acteurs qu'il concerne. L'auteur met l'accent sur les relations entre les tensions engendrees par, ou qui s'expriment dans le partenariat et l'emergence ou l'expression de strategies identitaires. Il fait l'hypothese que l'intensite de l'implication des acteurs dans le partenariat est fortement determinee par le sens qu'a cet investissement dans le cadre de leur strategies identitaires et, plus globalement, dans le cadre des dynamiques identitaires qui les animent, avant et pendant leur engagement partenarial.
Extending the Butcher–Oemler effect up to z∼ 0.7

We have observed three clusters at z ∼ 0.7, of richness comparable to the low-redshift sample of Butcher & Oemler (BO), and have determined their fraction of blue galaxies. When adopting the standard error definition, two clusters have a low blue fraction for their redshifts, whereas the fraction of the third one is compatible with the expected value. A detailed analysis of previous BO-like studies that adopted different definitions of the blue fraction shows that the modified definitions are affected by contaminating signals: colour segregation in clusters affects blue fractions derived in fixed metric apertures, differential evolution of early and late type spirals potentially affects blue fractions derived with a non-standard choice of the colour cut, and the younger age of the universe at high redshift affects blue fractions computed with a colour cut taken relatively to a fixed non-evolving colour. Adopting these definitions, we find largely varying blue fractions. This thorough analysis of the drawbacks of the different possible definitions of the blue fraction should allow future studies to perform measures in the same scale. Finally, if one adopts a more refined error analysis to deal with BO and our data, a constant blue fraction with redshift cannot be excluded, showing that the BO effect is still far from being detected beyond doubt.
Theoretical Study of a Plasma-Filled Relativistic Cerenkov Generator With Coaxial Slow-Wave Structure

The linear and nonlinear theory of a plasma-filled relativistic Cherenkov generator with coaxial slow-wave structure (SWS) is developed. Linear analysis includes the space-charge limiting current, dispersion relations, dispersion curves, and coupling impedance. In nonlinear theory, the electron beam space-charge effect, nonsynchronous interaction, and complex reflection coefficients of the electromagnetic wave at the boundaries of the SWS are taken into account. With the assumption of quasi steady state, the self-consistent equations are numerically calculated using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The effects of the relative phase between inner and outer corrugations, phase and amplitude of the complex reflection coefficient at the boundaries of the SWS, and plasma density on device efficiency are discussed. Efficiencies of up to 37% without plasma and about 50% with plasma density of np = 3-7 times 1011 cm-3 are obtained.
Using social software to improve learning performance of deaf university learner

More and more educators begin to pay attention to social software because of its educational value. In this paper the author use Questionnaire to obtain information about the attitude to social software of 40 deaf learners, what social software they have, what to do they use social software. Then introduced the educational value of social software to deaf university learners, at the end, give some advice on how to use social software to improve learning performance of deaf learners.
Heparin/poly(l-lysine) nanoparticle-coated polymeric microspheres for stem-cell therapy.

Three-dimensional microspheres have been used extensively in several biomaterials fields, in applications such as tissue-regeneration scaffolds and drug delivery systems. To apply these biomaterials as novel cell therapeutic agents, we have devised a novel method for the fabrication of nanostructured 3D scaffolds consisting of heparin/poly(l-lysine) nanoparticles on the surface of polymeric microspheres, attached via a layer-by-layer (LbL) system. The initial step of this strategy involves the creation of heparin/poly(l-lysine) nanoparticles, which were simply produced as polyion complex micelles (PICM) with diameters of 200−500 nm. In the second step, the heparin/poly(l-lysine) nanoparticles were coated onto positively charged poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) pretreated with polyethyleneimine (PEI). The production of the heparin/poly(l-lysine) nanoparticles and their subsequent coating onto PLGA microspheres represents a novel method for the functionalization of the polymeric matrix, which requires t.
A Large-Scale Study of User Image Search Behavior on the Web

In this study, we analyze user image search behavior from a large-scale Yahoo! Image Search query log, based on the hypothesis that behavior is dependent on query type. We categorize queries using two orthogonal taxonomies (subject-based and facet-based) and identify important query types at the intersection of these taxonomies. We study user search behavior on a large-scale set of search sessions for each query type, examining characteristics of sessions, query reformulation patterns, click patterns, and page view patterns. We identify important behavioral differences across query types, in particular showing that some query types are more exploratory, while others correspond to focused search. We also supplement our study with a survey to link the behavioral differences to users' intent. Our findings shed light on the importance of considering query categories to better understand user behavior on image search platforms.
Path planning in changing environments by using optimal path segment search

This paper presents a novel planner for manipulators and robots in changing environments. When environments are complicated, it's always difficult to find a completely valid path solution, which is essential for many methods. However, our planner searches for several path segments to make robot move towards its goal as much as possible even though such a complete solution doesn't exist currently. In the learning phase, the planner begins by building a roadmap that captures the topological structure of the configuration space in a workspace without obstacles. In the query phase, the planner searches for a solution path in the roadmap with the A* algorithm and performs roadmap updating using the lazy evaluation idea concurrently with the solution search process. If a completely valid solution is found, it will be adopted immediately. Otherwise the planner will collect a set of maximum valid path segments and then select the optimal one for planning in the execution process. The searching and execution process will be repeatedly performed until a goal configuration is reached. In plentiful experiments, our planner shows promising performances.
Toward Entity Retrieval over Structured and Text Data

real-world applications increasingly involve both struc- tured data and text. Hence, managing both in an e-cient and integrated manner has received much attention from both the IR and database communities. To date, however, little research has been devoted to semantic issues in the integration of text and data. In this paper we introduced a problem in this realm: entity retrieval. Given data frag- ments that describe various aspects of a real-world entity, flnd all other data fragments as well as text documents that describe that same entity. As such, entity retrieval is a novel retrieval problem, which difiers from both regu- lar text retrieval and database search in that it explicitly requires matching information at the semantic level; match- ing syntactically as done in the current search engines and relational databases would be inherently non-optimal. We deflne entity retrieval and conduct a case study of retrieving information about a researcher from both the Web and a bibliographic database (DBLP). We propose several meth- ods for exploiting the structured information in the database to improve entity retrieval over the text collection. Specif- ically, we present a query expansion mechanism based on extracted information from structured data. Experiment results show that selectively using more structured infor- mation to expand the text query improves entity retrieval performance on text. We conclude the paper with future research directions for entity retrieval.
Explicit Algorithms for a New Time Dependent Model Based on Level Set Motion for Nonlinear Deblurring and Noise Removal

In this paper we formulate a time dependent model to approximate the solution to the nonlinear total variation optimization problem for deblurring and noise removal introduced by Rudin and Osher [ Total variation based image restoration with free local constraints, in Proceedings IEEE Internat. Conf. Imag. Proc., IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, (1994), pp. 31--35] and Rudin, Osher, and Fatemi [ Phys. D, 60 (1992), pp. 259--268], respectively. Our model is based on level set motion whose steady state is quickly reached by means of an explicit procedure based on Roe's scheme [ J. Comput. Phys., 43 (1981), pp. 357--372], used in fluid dynamics. We show numerical evidence of the speed of resolution and stability of this simple explicit procedure in some representative 1D and 2D numerical examples.
SHARP: an architecture for secure resource peering

This paper presents Sharp, a framework for secure distributed resource management in an Internet-scale computing infrastructure. The cornerstone of Sharp is a construct to represent cryptographically protected resource <it>claims</it>---promises or rights to control resources for designated time intervals---together with secure mechanisms to subdivide and delegate claims across a network of resource managers. These mechanisms enable flexible <it>resource peering</it>: sites may trade their resources with peering partners or contribute them to a federation according to local policies. A separation of claims into <it>tickets</it> and <it>leases</it> allows coordinated resource management across the system while preserving site autonomy and local control over resources. Sharp also introduces mechanisms for controlled, accountable <it>oversubscription</it> of resource claims as a fundamental tool for dependable, efficient resource management. We present experimental results from a Sharp prototype for PlanetLab, and illustrate its use with a decentralized barter economy for global PlanetLab resources. The results demonstrate the power and practicality of the architecture, and the effectiveness of oversubscription for protecting resource availability in the presence of failures.
Large deviations and exact asymptotics for perpetuities with small discount rates

A perpetuity takes the form D = R ∞ 0 e −Γ(t−) dΛ(t). In this paper, we develop large deviation theory for D in a context in which the accumulated discount process, Γ, is small. More precisely, in this paper we provide: 1) logarithmic large deviations that hold in great generality in both discrete and continuous time, and 2) exact asymptotics derived in the iid (independent and identically distributed) case and also in the case in which Λ is a Levy process and ˙ Γ(t) is a function of a Markov process. This setting is motivated by applications in insurance risk theory with return on investments. Our development of logarithmic asymptotics requires the study of a certain non-standard topology in order to apply contraction principles. Finally, our exact asymptotic results, although analogous to classical results for sums of iid random variables, present important qualitative differences that we also explain here.
Generic Multimedia Database Architecture Based upon Semantic Libraries

Semantic-based storage and retrieval of multimedia data requires accurate annotation of the data. Annotation can be done either manually or automatically. The retrieval performance of the manual annotation based approaches is quite good, as compared to approaches based on automatic annotation. However, manual annotation is time consuming and labor extensive. Therefore, it is quite difficult to apply this technique on huge volume of multimedia data. On the other hand, automatic annotation is commonly used to annotate the multimedia data based on low level features, which obviously lacks the semantic nature of the multimedia data. Yet, we have not come across with any such system which automatically annotate the multimedia data based on the extracted semantics accurately. In this paper, we have performed automatic annotation of the images by extracting their semantics (high level features) with the help of semantic libraries. Semantic libraries use semantic graphs. Each graph consists of related concepts along with their relationships. We have also demonstrated with the help of a case study that our proposed approach ensures an improvement in the semantic based retrieval of multimedia data.
Cytoplasmic Regulation of the Movement of E-Cadherin on the Free Cell Surface as Studied by Optical Tweezers and Single Particle Tracking: Corralling and Tethering by the Membrane Skeleton

The translational movement of E-cadherin, a calcium-dependent cell–cell adhesion molecule in the plasma membrane in epithelial cells, and the mechanism of its regulation were studied using single particle tracking (SPT) and optical tweezers (OT). The wild type (Wild) and three types of artificial cytoplasmic mutants of E-cadherin were expressed in L-cells, and their movements were compared. Two mutants were E-cadherins that had deletions in the COOH terminus and lost the catenin-binding site(s) in the COOH terminus, with remaining 116 and 21 amino acids in the cytoplasmic domain (versus 152 amino acids for Wild); these are called Catenin-minus and Short-tailed in this paper, respectively. The third mutant, called Fusion, is a fusion protein between E-cadherin without the catenin-binding site and α-catenin without its NH2-terminal half. These cadherins were labeled with 40-nm φ colloidal gold or 210-nm φ latex particles via a monoclonal antibody to the extracellular domain of E-cadherin for SPT or OT experiments, respectively. E-cadherin on the dorsal cell surface (outside the cell–cell contact region) was investigated. Catenin-minus and Short-tailed could be dragged an average of 1.1 and 1.8 μm by OT (trapping force of 0.8 pN), and exhibited average microscopic diffusion coefficients (D micro) of 1.2 × 10−10 and 2.1 × 10−10 cm2/s, respectively. Approximately 40% of Wild, Catenin-minus, and Short-tailed exhibited confined-type diffusion. The confinement area was 0.13 μm2 for Wild and Catenin-minus, while that for Short-tailed was greater by a factor of four. In contrast, Fusion could be dragged an average of only 140 nm by OT. Average D micro for Fusion measured by SPT was small (0.2 × 10−10 cm2/s). These results suggest that Fusion was bound to the cytoskeleton. Wild consists of two populations; about half behaves like Catenin- minus, and the other half behaves like Fusion. It is concluded that the movements of the wild-type E-cadherin in the plasma membrane are regulated via the cytoplasmic domain by (a) tethering to actin filaments through catenin(s) (like Fusion) and (b) a corralling effect of the network of the membrane skeleton (like Catenin-minus). The effective spring constants of the membrane skeleton that contribute to the tethering and corralling effects as measured by the dragging experiments were 30 and 5 pN/μm, respectively, indicating a difference in the skeletal structures that produce these two effects.
The saturation conjecture (after A. Knutson and T. Tao)

In this exposition we give a simple and complete treatment of A. Knutson and T. Tao's recent proof (this http URL) of the saturation conjecture, which asserts that the Littlewood-Richardson semigroup is saturated. The main tool is Knutson and Tao's hive model for Berenstein-Zelevinsky polytopes. In an appendix of W. Fulton it is shown that the hive model is equivalent to the original Littlewood-Richardson rule.
Multiple-Target Tracking: A Role for Working Memory?

In order to identify the cognitive processes associated with target tracking, a dual-task experiment was carried out in which participants undertook a dynamic multiple-object tracking task first alone and then again, concurrently with one of several secondary tasks, in order to investigate the cognitive processes involved. The research suggests that after designated targets within the visual field have attracted preattentive indexes that point to their locations in space, conscious processes, vulnerable to secondary visual and spatial task interference, form deliberate strategies beneficial to the tracking task, before tracking commences. Target tracking itself is realized by central executive processes, which are sensitive to any other cognitive demands. The findings are discussed in the context of integrating dynamic spatial cognition within a working memory framework.
Similarity-based Word Sense Disambiguation

We describe a method for automatic word sense disambiguation using a text corpus and a machine-readble dictionary (MRD). The method is based on word similarity and context similarity measures. Words are considered similar if they appear in similar contexts; contexts are similar if they contain similar words. The circularity of this definition is resolved by an iterative, converging process, in which the system learns from the corpus a set of typical usages for each of the senses of the polysemous word listed in the MRD. A new instance of a polysemous word is assigned the sense associated with the typical usage most similar to its context. Experiments show that this method can learn even from very sparse training data, achieving over 92% correct disambiguation performance.
Channel availability prediction in cognitive radio networks using naive Bayes

This work develops a channel availability predictive model that allows taking advantage of opportunities in the cognitive radio network’s spectrum in the most efficient way. The developed scheme creates an availability prediction matrix for each available channel in the GSM band, which is used to determine the potential bandwidth and availability time slots to optimize the channel allocation policies. The allocation model contains a training process in charge of preparing the prediction algorithm so it can make predictions that are more reliable. Additionally, the prediction procedure uses the Naïve Bayes algorithm to estimate the availability in each available frequency channel. This facilitates broadcasting for secondary users. Measurements were computed for the average bandwidth, the average delay and the prediction error. The obtained results were assessed with real spectral occupation data in the GSM frequency band. The developed model shows a low prediction error, which leads to establishing optimal channel allocation mechanisms hence minimizing the failed handoffs due to channel occupation by primary users.