Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOMNUS: An Ultra-Wideband Radar-Based Approach for Neonatal Sleep State Classification

Recently, there has been an increasing awareness of the critical role of sleep for the brain development of young infants. During the early neonatal stages of human development, the basic activity of the brain is to develop itself during sleep. Prolonged sleep is required in infants for further development of the nervous system. Sleep also plays an important role in body temperature regulation and energy saving. Neonatal sleep is divided into two main different sleep stages: Rapid EyeMovement (REM) and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM). As the infant develops, sleep stages vary in maturity, length and distribution, thus underlining the importance of the quantification of these stages, which could eventually lead to new biomarkers of neonatal brain development. Nowadays, the golden standard in sleep monitoring is Polysomnography (PSG), in which vital signs as well as EEG and muscle activity are recorded during a whole-night study and subsequently sleep stages are classified by an expert. However, the high obtrusiveness of the multiple electrodes involved in PSG and its high associated costs make it impossible to use PSG as a routine monitor system. The SOMNUS project had two main targets: (i) to accurately measure respiration signals from patients using an ultra-wideband radar module, and (ii) to detect differences in respiration between REM and NREM phases in order to unobtrusively and automatically score sleep states of infants without the need of any electrode attached to the patient. The system has been developed using a training dataset of 23 patients from 3 months to 14 years old. It is for the first time UWB radar technology is used to monitor sleep in young patients. Moreover, this work provides a new data analysis algorithm to suppress motion artifacts from radar signals and increase the robustness of respiration monitoring. The results from the breathing detection algorithm developed in the present work provided an average mean absolute error of 3.25 Respirations per Minute in respiration rate. Amount of movement was employed to estimate Sleep/Awake events, with an average error in percentage of Total Sleep Time of 7.48%. Regarding sleep-state classification, several classification analyses were performed in order to study the best classification variable to detect REM/NREM, along with analyses regarding the best classification technique. Respiration variability was the main feature determining REM/NREMstate, with an overall sleep classification accuracy of around 80% when using linear classifiers such as Support Vector Machines and Fisher Linear Discrimination.
National Cancer Institute-sponsored Working Group guidelines for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: revised guidelines for diagnosis and treatment.

N 1988, THE National Cancer Institute-sponsored Working Group (NCI-WC) on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) published guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials in CLL with two major objectives: first, to facilitate comparisons of results of clinical trials in CLL by providing standardized eligibility, response, and toxicity criteria; and, second, to encourage a framework on which to evaluate new scientific studies related to our increasing understanding of the biology and immunology of this disease. ' These guidelines were rapidly adopted by the majority of the clinical trials community, and were also used by the Food and Drug Administration during its evaluation process for the approval of fludarabine. The differences between these guidelines and those subsequently published by the International Working Group on CLL (IWCLL), which were general-practice recommendations' are listed in Table 1. For diagnosis, the NCI-WC requires a lymphocyte count of 5 X loy& which is lower than the 10 X 109/L required by the IWCLL, unless the lymphocytes are B cells and the bone marrow is involved. To be considered a complete remission (CR), the NCI-WC criteria specify that less than 30% lymphocytes must be present in the bone marrow, with a recommendation that the clinical significance of lymphoid nodules be assessed prospectively (Table 1); the IWCLL allows focal infiltrates or nodules in the bone marrow aspirate and biopsy for CR. The IWCLL uses a shift in clinical stage as the sole index of partial remission (PR), whereas the NCI-WC provides more specific criteria and recommends validation of the relevance of stage shift. The major differences were the well-defined criteria in the NCI guidelines regarding when to initiate therapy, hematologic toxicity, and other important components for clinical trials design. The purpose of this report is to present those revisions as considered necessary in view of advances in the past 8 years. Many of these revisions evolved as the guidelines were used in a systematic fashion in large clinical trials and, also, with the experience following the use of newer, more effective agents, such as fludarabine. "' Although this report will focus on those changes recommended by the NCI-sponsored CLL Working Group, it will include sufficient details from the original guidelines so that the reader would find it a complete document by itself without having to refer to the older version.
Robotic rehabilitation devices based on Brain-Computer Interfaces : wheelchair and teleoperated robot

This paper describes two innovative brain-actuated applications for rehabilitation developed in the University of Zaragoza: the first one is a brainactuated wheelchair with automated navigation, and the second one is a brain-actuated robot to carry out teleoperation tasks between remote places. Briefly, the subject faces a real-time virtual reconstruction of the scenario (wheelchair) or video captured by a camera merged with augmented reality items (robot) and concentrates on the area of the space to reach. First, a visual stimulation process elicits the neurological phenomenon (evoked P300 response), the EEG signal processing detects the target, and given then to the autonomous navigation system that drives the device to the desired place while avoiding collisions with every obstacle detected. These systems have been validated with ten healthy users (five for each application). The overall result is that all the users successfully used the device with relative ease and adaptability.
Learning Opinion Dynamics in Social Networks

Social media and social networking sites have become a global pinboard for exposition and discussion of news, topics, and ideas, where social media users often form their opinion about a particular topic by learning information about it from her peers. In this context, whenever a user posts a message about a topic, we observe a noisy estimate of her current opinion about it, however, the influence the user may have on other users’ opinions is hidden. In this paper, we introduce SLANT, a probabilistic modeling framework of opinion dynamics, which allows the underlying opinion of a user to be modulated by those expressed by her neighbors over time. We then identify a set of conditions under which users’ opinions converge to a steady state, find a linear relation between the initial and steady state opinions, and develop an efficient estimation method to fit the model parameters from historical fine-grained opinion and information diffusion event data. Experiments on data gathered from Twitter, Reddit and Amazon show that our model provides a good fit to the data and more accurate nowcasting and forecasting than alternatives.
Development and Differentiation T Cell + Coordinately Expressed During CD8 Dipeptidyl Peptidase I and Granzyme A Are

Dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) is a granule protease that plays a requisite role in processing the proenzyme form of the CTL granule serine proteases (granzymes). This study assesses DPPI mRNA and enzyme expression during T lymphocyte ontogeny and CTL differentiation. The most immature CD3 2 CD4 2 CD8 2 thymocytes were found to express > 40-fold higher levels of DPPI mRNA, although levels of DPPI enzymatic activity in CD3 2 CD4 2 CD8 2 thymocytes were only modestly higher than those seen for CD4 1 CD8 1 or CD4 1 CD8 2 thymocytes. More mature CD8 1 CD4 2 thymocytes and CD8 1 splenocytes expressed signiﬁcantly higher levels of DPPI mRNA and enzymatic activity than CD4 1 CD8 1 or CD4 1 CD8 2 thymocytes. Granzyme A mRNA expression was observed in DPPI expressing CD3 2 CD4 2 CD8 2 and CD8 1 CD4 2 thymocytes and was also observed in CD8 1 CD4 2 splenocytes; however, expression was not observed in CD4 1 CD8 1 or CD4 1 CD8 2 thymocytes. Both DPPI mRNA and granzyme A mRNA expression in CD8 1 T cells decreased to very low or undetectable levels during the ﬁrst 48 h after allostimulation in MLCs. However, peak levels of both DPPI and granzyme A expression were observed later in the course of CD8 1 T cell responses to alloantigen, with DPPI mRNA expression peaking on either day 3 or day 4 and granzyme A expression peaking at the end of a 5-day MLR. These data indicate that DPPI is expressed at all stages of T cell ontogeny and differentiation in which granzyme A mRNA is detected; consequently, DPPI appears to be available for the processing and activation of granzyme A during both CD8 In studies, the quantities of RT-PCR-ampliﬁed DPPI and granzyme A products were normalized to quantities of RT-PCR-ampliﬁed G3PDH mRNA. A single RNA isolate from CTLL-2 cells was reverse transcribed; this cDNA was included in each assay to control for interex- perimental variability in the speciﬁc activity of the [ a - 32 P]-labeled probes that were bound by the RT-PCR products of each mRNA examined.
Efficient Use of the Query Optimizer for Automated Database Design

State-of-the-art database design tools rely on the query optimizer for comparing between physical design alternatives. Although it provides an appropriate cost model for physical design, query optimization is a computationally expensive process. The significant time consumed by optimizer invocations poses serious performance limitations for physical design tools, causing long running times, especially for large problem instances. So far it has been impossible to remove query optimization overhead without sacrificing cost estimation precision. Inaccuracies in query cost estimation are detrimental to the quality of physical design algorithms, as they increase the chances of “missing” good designs and consequently selecting sub-optimal ones. Precision loss and the resulting reduction in solution quality is particularly undesirable and it is the reason the query optimizer is used in the first place. In this paper we eliminate the tradeoff between query cost estimation accuracy and performance. We introduce the INdex Usage Model (INUM), a cost estimation technique that returns the same values that would have been returned by the optimizer, while being three orders of magnitude faster. Integrating INUM with existing index selection algorithms dramatically improves their running times without precision compromises.
An Investigation of Compliance With International Accounting Standards by Listed Companies in the Gulf Co-Operation Council Member States

This study investigates the extent of compliance with international accounting standards (IASs) by companies in the Gulf Co-Operation Council (GCC) member states (Bahrain, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates). Based on a sample of 137 companies (436 company-years) we find that compliance increased over time, from 68% in 1996 to 82% in 2002. Despite strong economic and cultural ties between the GCC states, there was significant between-country variation in compliance and among companies based on size, leverage, internationality, and industry. The study provides evidence of de jure but not de facto harmonization in the region. Noncompliance reflected some ineffectiveness in the functions of external auditors and enforcement bodies, which may be of interest to countries that have adopted IASs recently.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Economics Working Paper Series a Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination a Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination

We perform a field experiment to measure racial discrimination in the labor market. We respond with fictitious resumes to help-wanted ads in Boston and Chicago newspapers. To manipulate perception of race, each resume is randomly assigned either a very African American sounding name or a very White sounding name. The results show significant discrimination against African-American names: White names receive 50 percent more callbacks for interviews. We also find that race affects the benefits of a better resume. For White names, a higher quality resume elicits 30 percent more callbacks whereas for African Americans, it elicits a far smaller increase. Applicants living in better neighborhoods receive more callbacks but, interestingly, this effect does not differ by race. The amount of discrimination is uniform across occupations and industries. Federal contractors and employers who list "Equal Opportunity Employer" in their ad discriminate as much as other employers. We find little evidence that our results are driven by employers inferring something other than race, such as social class, from the names. These results suggest that racial discrimination is still a prominent feature of the labor market. research assistance. We are also grateful to numerous colleagues and seminar participants for very helpful comments.
The Man Who Knew Too Much: Alan Turing and the Invention of the Computer

Mathematicians like to think of themselves as seekers after truth. At the same time, there is an optimistic modeling of mathematics as a rational activity based upon generally shared foundations. Alan Turing—along with Kurt Gödel and Alonzo Church and others—was one of those metamathematical pioneers working in the 1930s who showed that the actual picture was in some ways more mundane, and in others very much stranger. And what makes Turing’s work so interesting to people outside mathematics is the extent to which his mathematical investigations were tied up with his own personality and tortuous personal affairs. In many ways, Turing’s mathematics was not just about what mathematicians and computers can and cannot do, but seems to many to be highly relevant to his own life and all too early death. David Leavitt’s highly readable account of Turing’s life and work is yet one more example of this attention from nonmathematicians, and one that will be greeted with the usual mixed feelings by those of us who work professionally in the field. We are happy to see mathematics and mathematicians given the popular science treatment—even when, as here, it is marred by the occasional technical gaffe. But there are many points at which David Leavitt, who (the publisher tells us) “teaches creative writing at the University of Florida,” tests the reader’s patience with his extramathematical takes on Turing’s career, particularly in regard to the relationship between Turing’s sexuality and his scientific work. He certainly seems to have tested that of Andrew Hodges, the perceptive and sensitive author of the definitive Turing biography (one which must be a front-runner for the best biography of a mathematician ever written). In his Scientific American review (January 22, 2006) of The Man Who Knew Too Much Hodges describes, as someone who has moved beyond 1960s posturing, how “Leavitt’s focus . is on Turing as the gay outsider, driven to his death” with no “opportunity . lost to highlight this subtext”; how it is “a survey of a field long cultivated by other hands, devoid of new witnesses” (most of Leavitt’s factual account of Turing is based on already published sources); but—and how could one not enjoy this readable page-turner of a book? — he concludes, the book “is one that many will find congenial and that will at least introduce new readers to the still tingling enigma of Alan Turing. ” Book Review
A graph-based unsupervised N-gram filtration technique for automatic keyphrase extraction

In this paper, we present a novel N-gram (N> = 1) filtration technique for keyphrase extraction. To filter the sophisticated candidate keyphrases (N-grams), we introduce the combined use of: 1) statistical feature (obtained by using weighted betweenness centrality scores of words, which is generally used to identify the border nodes/edges in community detection techniques); 2) co-location strength (calculated by using nearest neighbour Dbpedia texts). We also introduce the use of N-gram (N> = 1) graph, which reduces the bias effect of lower length N-grams in the ranking process and preserves the semantics of words (phraseness), based upon local context. To capture the theme of the document and to reduce the effect of noisy terms in the ranking process, we apply an information theoretic framework for key-player detection on the proposed N-gram graph. Our experimental results show that the devised system performs better than the current state-of-the-art unsupervised systems and comparable/better than supervised systems.
The α-Effect and Current Helicity for Fast Sheared Rotators

We explore the f -effect and the small-scale current helicity, , for the case of weakly compressible magnetically driven turbulence that is subjected to the differential rotation. No restriction is applied to the amplitude of angular velocity, i.e., the derivations presented are valid for an arbitrary Coriolis number, z * = 2 z cor , though the differential rotation itself is assumed to be weak. The expressions obtained are used to explore the possible distributions of f -effect and h c in convection zones (CZ) of the solar-type stars. Generally, our theory gives f { { > 0 in the northern hemisphere of the Sun and the opposite case in the southern hemisphere. In most cases the h c has the opposite sign to f { { . However, we show that in the depth of CZ where the influence of rotation upon turbulence (associated with z *) and the radial shear of angular velocity are strong, the distribution of f { { might be drastically different from a classical cos è -dependence, where è is colatitude. It is shown that f { { has a negative sign at the bottom and below of CZ at mid latitudes. There, the distribution of h c is also different from cos è , but it does not change its sign with the depth. Further, we briefly consider these quantities in the disk geometry. The application of the developed theory to dynamos in the accretion disk is more restrictive because they usually have a strong differential rotation, | ‘ log z / ‘ log r | > 1.
Move, and i will tell you who you are: detecting deceptive roles in low-quality data

Motion, like speech, provides information about one's emotional state. This work introduces an automated non-verbal audio-visual approach for detecting deceptive roles in multi-party conversations using low resolution video. We show how using simple features extracted from motion and speech improves over speech-only for the detection of deceptive roles. Our results show that deceptive players were recognised with significantly higher precision when video features were used. We improve the classification performance with 22.6% compared to our baseline.
An Approach for Extrapolating Far Field Radar Cross-Section from Near Field Measurement

Measurement of the RCS(Radar Cross Section) of large targets at high frequencies often must be done at distances less than the standard far field criterion. In the near field, a target's RCS pattern will vary with distance and may differ dramatically from the same pattern measured in the far field. Such differences, which become especially significant at microwave frequencies, are more serious when measuring RCS patterns than antenna-gain patterns, because both the illuminating and scattered waves are subject to wave front curvature. It is therefore necessary to extrapolate the resulting near field measurements into the far Field. An algorithmic procedure for extrapolating near-field radar cross section (RCS) measurements to the far Field has been evolved, and experimentally validated. The derivation of the extrapolation algorithm uses multi-scatters model about the scattering body. The extrapolation algorithm entails three steps. First, use FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) pairs in frequency and range domain to compensate the roundtrip propagation loss in near-field measurements, Next, use a focused function to correct the wave front curvature because of the spherical wave illumination, Finally, the far-field image and RCS is estimated by taking the Fourier transform and Stolt interpolation of the data in wave number domain.
Grounding Criterion: Toward a Formal Theory of Grounding

In a conversation, participants establish and maintain their mutual belief that their utterances have been understood well enough for current purposes – a process that has been referred to as grounding . In order to make a contribution to the conversation, participants typically do more than just produce the right utterance at the right time; they coordinate the presentation and acceptance of their utterances until they have reached a sufficient level of mutual understanding to move on, a level defined by the grounding criterion . Recent interest in employing grounding for use in collaborative dialog systems has highlighted difficulties in rendering hitherto qualitative intuitions about grounding into formal terms. In this paper, we propose a formalization of grounding based on decision theory that captures key intuitions about the contribution model while providing an explicit method for determining the grounding criterion. We illustrate the formalization by reviewing interactions between a user and a prototype spoken dialog system called the Bayesian Receptionist .
The global epidemic of obesity: an overview.

For centuries, the human race struggled to overcome food scarcity, disease, and a hostile environment. With the onset of the industrial revolution, the great powers understood that increasing the average body size of the population was an important social and political factor. The military and economic might of countries was critically dependent on the body size and strength of their young generations, from which soldiers and workers were drawn. Moving the body mass index (BMI) distribution of the population from the underweight range toward normality had an important impact on survival and productivity, playing a central role in the economic development of industrialized societies (1). Historical records from developed countries indicate that height and weight increased progressively, particularly during the 19th century. During the 20th century, as populations from better-off countries began to approach their genetic potential for longitudinal growth, they began to gain proportionally more weight than height, with the resulting increase in average BMI. By the year 2000, the human race reached a sort of historical landmark, when for the first time in human evolution the number of adults with excess weight surpassed the number of those who were underweight (2). Excess adiposity/body weight is now widely recognized as one of today's leading health threats in most countries around the world and as a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension (3). This overview provides an introduction to this issue of Epidemiologic Reviews, highlighting, in historical perspective, key scientific aspects of obesity that are addressed by the 11 articles that follow. This compilation of reviews underscores the multidisciplinary nature of obesity research and the need to expand even further our scope to fully understand and confront the obesity epidemic.