Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization Design of Isolation Rings in Monolithically Integrated 1200V SiC Transistor and Antiparallel Diode for Improved Blocking Voltage

Monolithic integration of antiparallel diode with power transistor offers unique advantages for wide bandgap (WBG) power devices. However, the blocking voltage degradation issue stands in the way in the development of the integrated devices. This paper presents the design, fabrication, and verification of a monolithically integrated SiC BJT and antiparalleled junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diode (BJT/JBS), which has achieved a blocking voltage very close to that of the individual transistor or diode. It introduces isolation rings into the border region, separating the transistor and diode. The design was first validated successfully by TCAD simulations, and then some integrated device samples were fabricated to experimentally verify the feasibility of the isolation rings in improving their blocking voltages. Besides, the fabrication of the 4H-SiC-integrated BJT/JBS switch adopted a single metal, single thermal treatment process to form ohmic contacts on p+ regions and Schottky contacts on the N-epilayer simultaneously. Hence, there was not any additional step added to the SiC BJT baseline process. A breakdown voltage of 1340 V at a leakage current of 10 $\mu \text{A}$ is experimentally observed, and the simulation results and design optimization are discussed.
Precision Low Temperature Calorimetry and Susceptibility of Magnetic Pyrochlores

Spin-ice models feature the same statistical disorder as water ice, which is identified as the source of zero-point entropy. Gapped topological excitations with properties of monopoles are associated with the violation of the magnetic flux divergence condition ∇ ·B = 0, and electric charges are constructed on the dual diamond lattice. These emergent structures have the characteristic long-range ‘Coulomb’ algebraic correlations, as well as a linearly dispersing photon. Quantum tunneling between states, defined on closed loops of magnetic flux give rise to persistent spin-liquid dynamics. Under the influence of geometrical frustration, electronic properties of matter often crystallize into patterns described by complex symmetry, and in some cases exhibit topological order accompanied by long range entanglement. The general features of spin-ice are manifest in a large class of materials with the chemical formula R2M2O7, where R 3+ is a rare earth ion from the lanthanide series, and M is a transition metal. The versatility of this lattice gives rise to a wide range of interesting and tantalizing behaviours. This thesis starts with a brief review of the concept of frustration in condensed matter physics, and the ice model is motivated by several common abstractions. Relevant properties of the classical Ising pyrochlore dipolar magnet, dysprosium titanate Dy2Ti2O7 are discussed. Ytterbium titanate Yb2Ti2O7, and terbium titanate Tb2Ti2O7, are both classified as spin− 2 pyrochlores with proposed spin-liquid behaviour at very low temperature. Their general properties are also introduced, and motivated for this study. The second chapter reviews some of the basic microscopic electronic interactions in the rare earth ions, which originate mainly from atomic 4f orbitals. The second part of this work is dedicated to experimental methods, and instrumentation used to obtain the main results of this thesis. Chapters 3 and 4 describe specific heat and magnetic susceptibility measurements, which are tools used to analyze magnetic properties of matter into the millikelvin range. Essential details involved in calibrating the temperature of a helium dilution cryostat with resistance thermometry, paramagnetic susceptibility, and nuclear orientation, are the topic of Chapter 5. In Chapter 6, specific heat measurements on Dy2Ti2O7 between 340 mK and 1 K are presented, where it was discovered that this material reaches equilibrium on extremely long timescales. Evidence for this was observed in the unconventional thermal relaxation curves, which were used to obtain new results for the heat capacity and zero-point entropy. The onset of a transition at low temperature was identified, which has eluded previous work for more than two decades. The nature of this ordering transition is also discussed in the context of studies that have recently investigated its behaviour.
Study on switched reluctance generator for rural electrification

This paper addresses the need for the utilization of cost effective, maintenance free electric machines in stand alone wind energy conversion system meant for rural areas. The suitability of switched reluctance machine as generator for stand alone rural wind energy conversion system has been explored through design and analysis. The design procedure, selection of pertinent topology, static and transient magnetic characteristics has been presented. Finite element analysis has been extensively used to refine as well as to analyze the finalized design.
VASCULAR OCCLUSION STRENGTH TRAINING : AN ALTERNATIVE TO HIGH RESISTANCE STRENGTH TRAINING

BSTRACT Traditional high-load resistance strength training induces hypertrophy of skeletal muscle and increases maximal strength, whilst low-load resistance training protocols typically induces local muscular endurance without any significant increase in hypertrophy or strength. However, recent evidence suggests that when low-load resistance strength training protocols are combined with vascular occlusion, the muscle hypertrophy and strength response is similar to or even greater than traditional high-load resistance exercise. Vascular occlusion is a technique that involves reducing blood flow to muscle during exercise training via an inflated compressive cuff or tourniquet. While the mechanisms that result in muscular adaptations are relatively unknown, acute responses to training such as an increase in motor unit recruitment, in particular the preferential recruitment of type II fibres, and the increase in circulating human growth hormone, have been well characterised. This type of training would be suitable to a host of common pathologies where heavy resistance strength training is not possible such as the elderly, patients in early rehabilitation following injury, or where muscle atrophy and weakness occur due to the effects of inactivity or disease. For athletes, rapid increases in strength while training at such low intensities may be of interest, however, research in this population is limited.
Comparison of manual toothbrushes with different bristle designs in terms of cleaning efficacy and potential role on gingival recession

Objective: The aim was to compare the efficacy of plaque control and potential effects on gingival recession of the toothbrushes with angled and straight bristles. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 healthy dental students (25 females and 15 males; age range: 23-25 years) participated and two study groups were constituted. Participants were randomly distributed into two groups to use either angled or standard design manual tooth brushes with soft bristles. Oral hygiene indicators and soft tissue levels were monitored for 6 months. Plaque index, gingival index (GI), probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing were measured at six sites. Vertical recession (VR) and horizontal recession (HR) were also recorded. All measurements were repeated at 3 and 6 months. Results: Plaque scores were reduced significantly at 6 months compared to baseline in both groups (P < 0.05 and P < 0.005 in criss-cross and standard design brushes, respectively). Mean GI scores of the criss-cross design were reduced significantly at 6 months (P < 0.05). Inter-group comparisons revealed that gingival recession (GR) values were not statistically significant (P > 0.05) at baseline, 3 and 6 months suggesting no pronounced impact of bristle design in terms of GR (VR = 0.596, HR = 0.572; VR = 0.884, HR = 0.572; VR = 0.884, HR = 0.572 in the groups). Conclusions: Bristle design has little impact on plaque removal capacity of a toothbrush. Both designs are safe enough to prevent GR as long as soft bristle material is used.
Diversity-enhanced particle swarm optimizer and its application to optimal flow control of sewer networks

This study proposes a novel diversity-enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) scheme for optimal control of overflow in multi-reservoir sewer networks. To this aim, first two diversity boosting methodologies, cyclic neighborhood-based learning mechanism and three-phase velocity control mechanism for the particle's behavior, are proposed, and then these are combined with the constrained PSO method. Next, the linearized mathematical models of the components composing sewer networks with storage facilities are presented, and then the corresponding formulation suitable for a model predictive control (MPC) technique is discussed. Finally, the developed PSO scheme is applied to this MPC problem for minimizing the total overflow in sewer networks under a certain external inflow scenario.
Aiming for parsimony in the sequential analysis of activity-diary data

This paper aims at a better understanding in the impact of simplification in a sequential analysis of activitydiary data using a feature selection method. To this effect, the predictive performance of the Albatross model, which incorporates nine different facets of activity-travel behaviour, based on the original full decision trees is compared with the performance of the model based on trimmed decision trees. The more parsimonious models are derived by first using a feature selection method to determine the irrelevant variables which are then left out of the further model building process. The results indicate that significantly smaller decision trees can be used for modelling the different choice facets of the sequential system without loosing much too much in predictive power. The performance of the models is compared at two levels: the choice facet level, at which we compare the performance of each facet separately and the trip level, comparing the correlation coefficients that determine the strength of the associations between the observed and the predicted origindestination matrices. The results indicate that the model based on the trimmed decision trees predicts activity diary schedules with a minimum loss of accuracy at the choice facet level. Moreover, the results show a slightly better performance at the trip matrix level.
Sensitivity to scene motion for phases of head yaws

In order to better understand how scene motion is perceived in immersive virtual environments and to provide guidelines for designing more useable systems, we measured sensitivity to scene motion for different phases of quasi-sinusoidal head yaw motions. We measured and compared scene-velocity thresholds for nine subjects across three conditions: visible <u>W</u>ith head rotation (W) where the scene is presented during the center part of sinusoidal head yaws and the scene moves in the same direction the head is rotating, visible <u>A</u>gainst head rotation (A) where the scene is presented during the center part of sinusoidal head yaws and the scene moves in the opposite direction the head is rotating, and visible at the <u>E</u>dge of head rotation (E) where the scene is presented at the extreme of sinusoidal head yaws and the scene moves during the time that head direction changes. The W condition had a significantly higher threshold (decreased sensitivity) than both the E and A conditions. The median threshold for the W condition was 2.1 times the A condition and 1.5 times the E condition. We did not find a significant difference between the E and A conditions, although there was a trend for the A thresholds to be less than the E thresholds. An Equivalence Test showed the A and E thresholds to be statistically equivalent. Our results suggest the phase of user's head yaw should be taken into account when inserting additional scene motion into immersive virtual environments if one does not want users to perceive that motion. In particular, there is much more latitude for artificially and imperceptibly rotating a scene, as in Razzaque's redirecting walking technique, in the same direction of head yaw than against the direction of yaw. The implications for maximum end-to-end latency in a head-mounted display is that users are less likely to notice latency when beginning a head yaw (when the scene moves with the head) than when slowing down a head yaw (when the scene moves against the head) or when changing head direction (when the head is near still and scene motion due to latency is maximized).
Contingency and Comparison Relation Labeling and Structure Prediction in Chinese Sentences

Unlike in English, the sentence boundaries in Chinese are fuzzy and not well-defined. As a result, Chinese sentences tend to be long and consist of complex discourse relations. In this paper, we focus on two important relations, Contingency and Comparison, which occur often inside a sentence. We construct a moderate-sized corpus for the investigation of intra-sentential relations and propose models to label the relation structure. A learning based model is evaluated with various features. Experimental results show our model achieves accuracies of 81.63% in the task of relation labeling and 74.8% in the task of relation structure prediction.
2-SSVR : A Smooth Support Vector Machine for 2-insensitive Regression

A new smoothing strategy for solving 2-support vector regression (2-SVR), tolerating a small error in fitting a given dataset linearly or nonlinearly, is proposed in this paper. Conventionally, 2-SVR is formulated as a constrained minimization problem, namely a convex quadratic programming problem. We apply the smoothing techniques that have been used for solving the support vector machine for classification, to replace the 2-insensitive loss function by an accurate smooth approximation. This will allow us to solve 2-SVR as an unconstrained minimization problem directly. We term this reformulated problem as 2-smooth support vector regression (2-SSVR). We also prescribe a NewtonArmijo algorithm that has been shown to be convergent globally and quadratically in finite steps to solve our 2-SSVR. In order to handle the case of nonlinear Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan 106, yuh-jye@mail.ntust. edu.tw. Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan 621, hwf90@cs.ccu. edu.tw. ‡ Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan 106, M9215004@mail.ntust. edu.tw.
GE-CMU: Description of the SHOGUN System Used for MUC-5

This paper describes the GE-CMU TIPSTER/SHOGUN system as configured for the TIP-STER 24-month (MUC-5) benchmark, and gives details of the system's performance on the selected Japanese and English texts. The SHOGUN system is a distillation of some of the key ideas that emerged from previous benchmarks and experiments, emphasizing a simple architecture in which the focus is on detailed corpus-based knowledge. This design allowed the project to meet its goal of achieving advances in coverage and accuracy while showing consistently good performance across languages and domains.
Partially occluded object detection by finding the visible features and parts

We address the problem of partially occluded object detection by implementing a model which includes latent visibility flags that are attached to cells and parts of a Deformable Part Model (DPM) [1]. A visibility flag indicates whether an image portion is part of a target object or part of an occluder. To compute the visibility flags and the score of the detector simultaneously, we maximize a concave objective function that is composed of the following four terms: (1) the detection scores of visible cells and parts, (2) a cell-to-cell consistency term which encourages neighboring cells to have the same visibility flags, (3) a cell-to-part consistency term which encourages compatible labeling among overlapping cells and parts, and (4) a penalty term for cells and parts that are labeled as occluded. The maximization of the concave objective function is done using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). By removing scores of occluded cells and parts from the final detection score we significantly improve detection performance on partially occluded pedestrians. In experiments we show that our system outperforms the standard DPM and other state-of-art methods on a benchmark database of partially occluded pedestrians.
Plasma extraction rate enhancement scheme for a real-time and continuous blood plasma separation device using a sheathless cell concentrator

Microfluidic devices for plasma extraction are popular because they offer the advantage of smaller reagent consumption compared to conventional centrifugations. The plasma yield (volume percentage of plasma that can be extracted) is an important factor for diagnoses in microdevices with small reagent consumptions. However, recently designed microfluidic devices tend to have a low plasma yield because they have been optimized to improve the purity of extracted plasma. Thus, these devices require large amounts of reagents, and this complexity has eliminated the advantage of microfluidic devices that can operate with only small amounts of reagents. We therefore propose a continuous, real-time, blood plasma separation device, for plasma extraction rate enhancements. Moreover, a blood plasma separation device was designed to achieve improved plasma yields with high-purity efficiency. To obtain a high plasma yield, microstructures were placed on the bottom side of the channel to increase the concentration of blood cells. Plasma separation was then accomplished via microfluidic networks based on the Zweifach–Fung effect. The proposed device was fabricated based on the polydimethylsiloxane molding process using the SU-8 microfluidic channel for the fabrication of the mold and bottom structures. Human blood diluted in a phosphate buffered saline solution (25% hematocrit) was injected into the inlet of the device. The purity efficiencies were approximately equal to 96% with a maximum of 96.75% at a flow rate of 2 µl min−1, while the plasma yield was approximately 59% with a maximum of 59.92% at a flow rate of 4 µl min−1. Compared to results obtained using other devices, our proposed device could obtain comparable or higher plasma purity and a high plasma yield.
Teacher Efficacy: What Is It and Does It Matter?.

Teachers' level of confidence about ability to promote learning can depend on past experiences or on the school culture. Principals can help develop a sense of efficacy for individual teachers and for the entire school. A teacher's sense of efficacy can lead to gains in the classroom. t eacher efficacy— " teachers' confidence in their ability to promote students' learning " (Hoy, 2000)—was first discussed as a concept more than 30 years ago when these two items were included in studies conducted by researchers at the Rand Corp.: n " When it comes right down to it, a teacher really can't do much because most of a student's motivation and performance depends on his or her home environment. " n " If I try really hard, I can get through to even the most difficult or unmoti-vated students " (Armor et al., 1976, in Henson, 2001). Teachers were asked to express their degree of agreement or disagreement with each of the two statements and their responses initiated the concept of teacher efficacy. From the beginning, this " early work
Direct RNA-Based Detection and Differentiation of CTX-M-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL)

The current global spread of multi-resistant Gram-negatives, particularly extended spectrum β-lactamases expressing bacteria, increases the likelihood of inappropriate empiric treatment of critically ill patients with subsequently increased mortality. From a clinical perspective, fast detection of resistant pathogens would allow a pre-emptive correction of an initially inappropriate treatment. Here we present diagnostic amplification-sequencing approach as proof of principal based on the fast molecular detection and correct discrimination of CTX-M-β-lactamases, the most frequent ESBL family. The workflow consists of the isolation of total mRNA and CTX-M-specific reverse transcription (RT), amplification and pyrosequencing. Due to the high variability of the CTX-M-β-lactamase-genes, degenerated primers for RT, qRT as well as for pyrosequencing, were used and the suitability and discriminatory performance of two conserved positions within the CTX-M genes were analyzed, using one protocol for all isolates and positions, respectively. Using this approach, no information regarding the expected CTX-M variant is needed since all sequences are covered by these degenerated primers. The presented workflow can be conducted within eight hours and has the potential to be expanded to other β-lactamase families.
Pattern mining based on local distribution

Pattern mining gains more and more attention due to its useful applications in many areas, such as machine learning, database, multimedia, biology, and so on. Though there exist a lot of approaches for pattern mining, few of them consider the local distribution of the data. In the paper, we not only design six challenge datasets related to the local patterns, but also propose a new pattern mining algorithm based on local distribution. Unlike traditional pattern mining algorithms, our new algorithm first creates a local distribution for each data point by a random approach. Then, the distribution curve of each data point is simulated by the sum of low frequency curves obtained by the wavelet approach. In the third step, the coefficients of these low frequency curves for each data point are clustered by the normalized cut approach. Finally, the patterns of the datasets are obtained by the new pattern mining algorithm. The experiments show that our new algorithm outperforms traditional unsupervised learning approaches, such as K-means, EM, spectral clustering algorithm (SCA), and so on, on these six new datasets.
ORIGIN OF GRANULES IN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES

The origin, nature, and distribution of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) granules were investigated by examining developing granulocytes from normal rabbit bone marrow which had been fixed in glutaraldehyde and postfixed in OsO4. Two distinct types of granules, azurophil and specific, were distinguished on the basis of their differences in size, density, and time and mode of origin. Both types are produced by the Golgi complex, but they are formed at different stages of maturation and originate from different faces of the Golgi complex. Azurophil granules are larger (∼800 mµ) and more dense. They are formed only during the progranulocyte stage and arise from the proximal or concave face of the Golgi complex by budding and subsequent aggregation of vacuoles with a dense core. Smaller (∼500 mµ), less dense specific granules are formed during the myelocyte stage; they arise from the distal or convex face of the Golgi complex by pinching-off and confluence of vesicles which have a finely granular content. Only azurophil granules are found in progranulocytes, but in mature PMN relatively few (10 to 20%) azurophils are seen and most (80 to 90%) of the granules present are of the specific type. The results indicate that inversion of the azurophil/specific granule ratio occurs during the myelocyte stage and is due to: (a) reduction of azurophil granules by multiple mitoses; (b) lack of new azurophil granule formation after the progranulocyte stage; and (c) continuing specific granule production. The findings demonstrate the existence of two distinct granule types in normal rabbit PMN and their separate origins from the Golgi complex. The implications of the observations are discussed in relationship to previous morphological and cytochemical studies on PMN granules and to such questions as the source of primary lysosomes and the concept of polarity within the Golgi complex.