Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Analysis of Pre- and Postexposure Prophylaxis against HIV Infection

The events that occur following HIV exposure, preceding any detectable infection, are difficult to study experimentally. However, there is considerable evidence that these events can be influenced by the action of antiretroviral drugs, taken either as pre- or postexposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP, respectively). We present simple theoretical models of HIV dynamics immediately following exposure, and apply these models to understanding how drug prophylaxis can act to reduce the risk of infection. Because HIV infection following exposure is a relatively rare event, we work with stochastic models which we base on continuous-time branching processes, allowing us to compute the risk of infection under different scenarios. We obtain analytical solutions for viral extinction probabilities, allowing us to avoid extensive computer simulations. We predict in the case of PrEP that reverse transcriptase inhibitors should be somewhat more effective than protease inhibitors and also that single drugs should be nearly .
Hub4 Language Modeling Using Domain Interpolation and Data Clustering

In SRI’s language modeling experiments for the Hub4 domain, three basic approaches were pursued: interpolating multiple models estimated from Hub4 and non-Hub4 training data, adapting the language model (LM) to the focus conditions, and adapting the LM to different topic types. In the first approach, we built separate LMs for the closely transcribed Hub4 material (acoustic training transcripts) and the loosely transcribed Hub4 material (LM training data), as well as the NorthAmerican Business News (NABN) and Switchboard training data, projected onto the Hub4 vocabulary. By interpolating the probabilities obtained from these models, we obtained a 20% reduction in perplexity and a 1.8% reduction in word error rate, compared to a baseline Hub4-only language model. Two adaptation approaches are also described: adapting language models to the speech styles correlated with different focus conditions, and building cluster-specific LM mixtures. These two approaches give some reduction in perplexity, but no significant reduction in word error. Finally, we identify the problems and future directions of our work.
Motion camouflage for coverage

Pursuit strategies can lead to cohesive behavior. This idea is explored via consideration of a two-particle mutual pursuit system based on motion camouflage as the underlying strategy. Such a two-particle system can be thought of as a model of a pair of cooperative unmanned aerial vehicles, and in a limiting case as a model of a vehicle in the vicinity of a signal source (beacon). Drawing on reductions by symmetry and associated phase space properties, we show how this particular instance of cyclic pursuit can be exploited to achieve observational requirements such as coverage over physical space.
How To Teach Stereoscopic Matching ? ( Invited Paper )

This paper describes a simple but non-trivial semidense stereoscopic matching algorithm that could be taught in Computer Vision courses. The description is meant to be instructive and accessible to the student. The level of detail is sufficient for a student to understand all aspects of the algorithm design and to make his/her own modifications. The paper includes the core parts of the algorithm in C code. We make the point of explaining the algorithm so that all steps are derived from first principles in a clear and lucid way. A simple method is described that helps encourage the student to benchmark his/her own improvements of the algorithm.
Hedonicity and Memory of Odors

The capacity of human observers to remember incidentally learned olfactory sensations as a function of their perceived pleasure/ displeasure was investigated. In the encoding phase of the experiment, the participants rated a sequence of 24 stimuli for (i) sensory intensity, and (ii) degree of pleasure or displeasure. They were then given two successive explicit memory tests, (i) free recall of the names of encountered odors, and (ii) yes/no recognition of the encountered odor stimuli. The results showed higher recall and recognition accuracy for the stimuli that had been rated higher in affective content at the time of study. These results support the hypothesis that hedonicity is a variable that influences the encoding and storage of events in memory.
Surface potential based model for amorphous IGZO thin film transistors

An analytical dc model is presented for amorphous In-Ga-Zn-Oxide (a-IGZO) thin film transistors on the basis of surface potential calculation by Lambert W equation, assuming an exponential trap states density within the bandgap. Charge sheet approximation is utilized to derive the trapped and free charges. The model results are compared with experimental data and a good agreement is achieved.
Chapter X Evolutionary Analyses of Protein Interaction Networks

This chapter introduces evolutionary analyses of protein interaction networks and of proteins as components of the networks. The authors show relationships between proteins in the networks and their evolutionary rates. For understanding protein-protein interaction (PPI) divergence, duplicated genes are often compared because they are derived from a common ancestral gene. In order to reveal evolutionary mechanisms acting on the interactome it is necessary to compare PPIs across species. Investigation of co-localization of interacting genes in a genome shows that PPIs have an important role in the maintenance of a physical link between neighboring genes. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce methodologies for analyzing PPI data and to describe molecular evolution and comparative genomics insights gained from such studies.
Development of a 27.12 MHz CC-LCF intraluminal applicator for hyperthermia of the esophagus

Esophageal tumors can be treated with radiation combined with hyperthermia. This study investigated the design of a 27.12 MHz capacitively coupled intraluminal applicator for hyperthermia of the esophagus to be used in combination with external locoregional heating. It consists of four independent electrodes mounted on an inflatable balloon catheter, 10mm each, Measured SAR penetration depth is 4.5mm. Spatial steering is excellent and will prove useful in heterogeneous tumors. Combination with locoregional heating showed a strong increase in temperature rise. Next step is application in esophageal cancer.
Affective Temperaments in Parents of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to investigate affective temperaments of parents of children with ADHD and the relationship between ADHD and affective temperaments. METHODS The children diagnosed with ADHD were evaluated with a structured interview and the Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S) was filled by parents. Then parents were evaluated by a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I), and those with no diagnosis of psychiatric disorder (in the past and at the time of the study) were included to the study. The Turkish version of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Auto-questionnaire was used to evaluate affective temperaments of parents. A control group of parents who has no children with ADHD was applied the same evaluation protocol. RESULTS The study was conducted with 123 parents (66 mothers, 57 fathers) of 66 children with ADHD and 119 control parents (65 mothers, 54 fathers) of 71 children without ADHD. Affective temperament scores of parents of children with ADHD were significantly higher than those of the control group. When the scores of mothers and fathers were compared separately, mothers had higher scores in all temperaments except hyperthymic temperament, and fathers had higher scores in all temperaments except anxious temperament in the ADHD group. Additionally, the T-DSM-IV-S attention deficit and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores of children were moderately correlated with most of the affective temperaments scores of their parents. CONCLUSION There is a relationship between ADHD and affective temperaments. Further studies are needed to understand the etiology, strength, and nature of this relationship.
Chapter 9. Counseling South American Immigrants

Abstract The Hispanic population in the United States is growing exponentially. There are a total of 1,506,654 South Americans in the United States who have come from Spanish-speaking countries. Most immigrants, if not all, experience difficulties triggered by migration, discrimination, acculturation, and second language acquisition. In this chapter, we briefly discuss major issues associated with migration and present literature and research on the construct of social support. We propose that integrating and utilizing social support during treatment will facilitate the adjustment process for the individual. We present interventions that allow the therapist to provide support while encouraging the client to seek support within him/herself and from other sources in the environment.
Rhodospirillum centenum Utilizes Separate Motor and Switch Components To Control Lateral and Polar Flagellum Rotation

ABSTRACT Rhodospirillum centenum is a purple photosynthetic bacterium that is capable of differentiating from vibrioid swimming cells that contain a single polar flagellum into rod-shaped swarming cells that have a polar flagellum plus numerous lateral flagella. Microscopic studies have demonstrated that the polar flagellum is constitutively present and that the lateral flagella are found only when the cells are grown on solidified or viscous medium. In this study, we demonstrated that R. centenum contains two sets of motor and switch genes, one set for the lateral flagella and the other for the polar flagellum. Electron microscopic analysis indicated that polar and lateral flagellum-specific FliG, FliM, and FliN switch proteins are necessary for assembly of the respective flagella. In contrast, separate polar and lateral MotA and MotB motor subunits are shown to be required for motility but are not needed for the synthesis of polar and lateral flagella. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the polar and lateral FliG, FliM, and FliN switch proteins are closely related and most likely arose as a gene duplication event. However, phylogenetic analysis of the MotA and MotB motor subunits suggests that the polar flagellum may have obtained a set of motor genes through a lateral transfer event.
A probability-based acoustic source localization scheme using dual-microphone smartphones

This paper proposes a new acoustic source localization scheme, called Probabilistic Cutting Method (PCM), with randomly deployed smartphones which equipped with known location and direction dual-microphones. Instead of using the value of TDOA (Time Difference Of Arrival), we just use binary information (0/1) and probability to convert the localization problem into plane cutting issues. We can easily come up with the Basic Cutting Method (BCM), but it may appear empty set when error (location error, angle error or error anchors) occurs. PCM can effectively avoid the problem along with lower positioning error. When comparing PCM with TDOA and BCM in different aspects, simulation evaluation results indicate that PCM algorithm achieves highly robustness and accuracy.
Biofertilizantes en el desarrollo agrícola de México

Los fertilizantes sinteticos presentan baja eficiencia (≤50%) para ser asimilados por los cultivos, el fertilizante no incorporado por las plantas trae un impacto ambiental adverso, tal como contaminacion de mantos acuiferos con NO3 -, eutrofizacion, lluvia acida y calentamiento global. Una alternativa para frenar esto es el uso de biofertilizantes, preparados con microorganismos aplicados al suelo y/o planta, con el fin de sustituir parcial o totalmente la fertilizacion sintetica. La respuesta de los biofertilizantes varia considerablemente, dependiendo de los microorganismos, tipo de suelo, especies de plantas, y condiciones ambientales. Los microorganismos aplicados deben competir con una microflora nativa mejor adaptada a condiciones ambientales adversas, incluyendo falta de humedad en el suelo, predacion, alta salinidad y pH extremos, que pueden disminuir rapidamente la poblacion de cualquier especie microbiana introducida. Los resultados de esta investigacion indican que la utilizacion de cepas nativas de microorganismos en la elaboracion de biofertilizantes tienen mayor posibilidad de efectividad en el campo, por estar adaptados a las condiciones del suelo de cada region.
Accuracy of Bias Review Judges in Identifying Differential Item Functioning on Teacher Certification Tests

The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not judges on bias review committees can identify test items that function differently for Black and White examinees. Judges (N = 42) on three bias review committees were asked to examine a set of items, and predict differential item functioning without empirical data. Test items from teacher certification tests in the content fields of Early Childhood, Administration and Supervision, and Middle Childhood were examined here. Each committee examined 40 items, and agreement between judgmental and empirical indices of differential item functioning were determined. The results of this study suggest that the agreement between the bias review judges and the empirical indices are generally not beyond what would be expected by chance, although each field had one to two judges who exhibited statistically significant agreement with the empirical indices of differential item functioning. Suggestions for future research on identification of biased items and the prac.
Mining social ties beyond homophily

Summarizing patterns of connections or social ties in a social network, in terms of attributes information on nodes and edges, holds a key to the understanding of how the actors interact and form relationships. We formalize this problem as mining top-k group relationships (GRs), which captures strong social ties between groups of actors. While existing works focus on patterns that follow from the well known homophily principle, we are interested in social ties that do not follow from homophily, thus, provide new insights. Finding top-k GRs faces new challenges: it requires a novel ranking metric because traditional metrics favor patterns that are expected from the homophily principle; it requires an innovative search strategy since there is no obvious anti-monotonicity for such GRs; it requires a novel data structure to avoid data explosion caused by multidimensional nodes and edges and many-to-many relationships in a social network. We address these issues through presenting an efficient algorithm, GRMiner, for mining top-k GRs and we evaluate its effectiveness and efficiency using real data.
Gradient in Continuous Time

Policy search is a method for approximately solving an optim al control problem by performing a parametric optimization search in a given class of paramet eriz d policies. In order to process a local optimization technique, such as a gradient method, w e wish to evaluate the sensitivity of the performance measure with respect to the policy paramete rs, th so-calledpolicy gradient . This paper is concerned with the estimation of the policy gradien t for continuous-time, deterministic state dynamics, in a reinforcement learningframework, that is, when the decision maker does not have a model of the state dynamics. We show that usual likelihood ratio methods used in discrete -tim , fail to proceed the gradient because they are subject to variance explosion when the disc retization time-step decreases to 0. We describe an alternative approach based on the approximat ion of the pathwise derivative, which leads to a policy gradient estimate that converges almost su rely to the true gradient when the timestep tends to 0. The underlying idea starts with the derivati on of an explicit representation of the policy gradient using pathwise derivation. This derivatio n makes use of the knowledge of the state dynamics. Then, in order to estimate the gradient from the ob s rvable data only, we use a stochastic policy to discretize the continuous deterministic system i nto a stochastic discrete process, which enables to replace the unknown coefficients by quantities th at solely depend on known data. We prove the almost sure convergence of this estimate to the tru e policy gradient when the discretization time-step goes to zero. The method is illustrated on two target problems, in discret e and continuous control spaces.
Negotiating indigenous identity in postcolonial Malaysia: beyond being ‘not quite/not Malay’

In this paper, I demonstrate that the position of the postcolonial ‘Self’ in Malaysia is legitimized through inherited imperial mechanisms of power, both structural and ideological. The emergence of this ‘new-Self’ was situated in colonial discursive practices that positioned it as an ‘Other’ under British colonial rule. As such, this creates unexpected binds for the ‘new-Self’, particularly as it negotiates its relations with a number of ‘new-Others’. Up to the present, indigeneity has remained the main basis for legitimizing political power and the economic redistribution of wealth. However, this remains persuasive only when it is seen as primordial and timeless, essentially located in certain individuals in an unchallengeable manner. This basis of power, I argue, produces anxiety for the ‘Malay’ new-Self, for its claims to being essentially ‘indigenous’ come under questioning when Malay identity construction is set vis-a`-vis the Orang Asli (the ‘aborigines’ of the Malaysian Peninsula). I review the ways such anxieties have been managed in Malay responses to the Orang Asli, an ambivalent combination of acknowledgement, administration, rejection, and transformation. I argue that the ‘programme of progress’ that has been imposed upon the Orang Asli — which minimizes differences between them and the Malay ‘new-Self’ — masks the desire of the ‘new-Self’ for the impeccability and exclusivity of Orang Asli claims to indigeneity, a dual mimicry that continues to be repressed and transferred by constructing the Orang Asli as ‘not quite/not Malay’.
The SH2 domain is required for stable phosphorylation of p56lck at tyrosine 505, the negative regulatory site

The catalytic function of Src-related tyrosine protein kinases is repressed by phosphorylation of a conserved carboxy-terminal tyrosine residue. Recent studies suggest that this inhibitory event is not the result of autophosphorylation but that it is mediated by another cytoplasmic tyrosine protein kinase, termed p50csk. In this report, we have evaluated the processes regulating the extent of phosphorylation of the inhibitory carboxy-terminal tyrosine residue of p56lck, a lymphocyte-specific member of the Src family. By analyzing kinase-defective variants of p56lck expressed in mouse NIH 3T3 cells, we have found that the noncatalytic Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, but not the SH3 sequence or the sites of Lck myristylation and autophosphorylation, is necessary for stable phosphorylation at the carboxy-terminal tyrosine 505. Further studies in which Lck and Csk were coexpressed in S. cerevisiae indicated that the absence of the SH2 domain did not affect the ability of Csk to phosphorylate p56lck at tyrosine 505. However, we observed that incubation of cells with the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate restored the tyrosine 505 phosphorylation of Lck polypeptides devoid of the SH2 motif. Additionally, the presence of the SH2 sequence protected tyrosine 505 from in vitro dephosphorylation by the hemopoietic tyrosine protein phosphatase CD45. Taken together, these findings raised the possibility that the SH2 motif contributes to the physiological suppression of the catalytic function of p56lck at least in part through its ability to stabilize phosphorylation at the inhibitory site.
Measurement and Modelling of Scattering From Buildings

The results of a measurement campaign aimed at determining the far-field diffuse scattering pattern of typical building walls are shown in the paper. Such results are then used to determine and tune simple diffuse scattering models based on the effective roughness approach, to be embedded into ray tracing simulators. It is shown that by adopting an appropriate single-lobe scattering pattern the agreement between simulation and measurement is very good
Performance evaluation of a mathematical formula recognition system with a large scale of printed formula images

This paper shows the performance evaluation of the mathematical formula recognition system applied to a large scale of printed formula images, which has been developed in our laboratory. Our laboratory has collaborated with Michler of University of Essen, Germany, on project of "Retro-digitalization of mathematical journals, and their integration searchable digital libraries". In this project, two kinds of mathematical journals were scanned for digitalization. In this process, we cut out formulas manually from many pages, and created the answer database, "Ground-Truth. " We report the results of performance evaluation with respect to the recognition of symbols, various types of sub-expressions and whole expressions of mathematical formulas
Squeezed condensate of gluons and the mass of the eta

The relation between the large mass of the $\eta'$ and the structure of the gluon vacuum via the $U_A(1)$ anomaly is discussed. A squeezed gluon vacuum is considered as an alternative to existing models. Considering Witten's formula for the $\eta_0$ mass we show that the contact term can give a sizable contribution and relate it to the physical gluon condensate. The values of the gluon condensate obtained through this relation are compared with the value by Shifman, Vainshtein and Zakharov and the recent update values by Narison.
Investigating Enhanced Route Optimization for Mobile IPv6

Enhanced route optimization for mobile IPv6 applies cryptographically generated addresses (CGAs) to improve security and reduce handover delays. However the use of CGAs requires computationally expensive algorithms. This may be an issue for small mobile devices with low processing power. It is a problem for correspondent nodes that simultaneously communicate with a large number of mobile nodes, such as publicly accessible servers. This paper investigates enhanced route optimization for mobile IPv6, concentrating upon the costs particularly for the correspondent node. The costs of implementing enhanced route optimization for mobile IPv6 are not negligible. The correspondent node will have to protect itself against potential denial-of service attempts from attackers by limiting the amount of resources it spends on CGA verification.
An evaluation of methodologies for melodic similarity in audio recordings of Indian art music

We perform a comparative evaluation of methodologies for computing similarity between short-time melodic fragments of audio recordings of Indian art music. We experiment with 560 different combinations of procedures and parameter values. These include the choices made for the sampling rate of the melody representation, pitch quantization levels, normalization techniques and distance measures. The dataset used for evaluation consists of 157 and 340 annotated melodic fragments of Carnatic and Hindustani music recordings, respectively. Our results indicate that melodic fragment similarity is particularly sensitive to distance measures and normalization techniques. Sampling rates do not have a significant impact for Hindustani music, but can significantly degrade the performance for Carnatic music. Overall, the performed evaluation provides a better understanding of the processing steps and parameter settings for melodic similarity in Indian art music. Importantly, it paves the way for developing unsupervised melodic pattern discovery approaches, whose evaluation is a challenging and, many times, ill-defined task.