Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The distributional residue in Natural Phonology and its implications for morphologization

Abstract Since at least Kruszewski (1881) it has been taken as an important task to sort out the alternations that involve morphology from those that are purely phonological. This dichotomy is largely followed by Natural Phonology (NP, cf. Donegan and Stampe 2009 for example), and by Generative Phonotactics (Singh 1987). Both these approaches insist on a strict delimitation (not a gradient one) between phonological and morphological phenomena. In this paper, I will first re-examine the problem of domain delimitation (Singh 1991) within NP by bringing in a more systematic use of the criterion of semioticity, which is not as often cited (but see Dressler 1980; Zwicky 1982; Ford and Singh 1983) but deserves attention. In order to do this, it will help to look at a case that is universally deemed to be clear: Final Devoicing in German. Because the delimitation of phonology from morphology is essential both for synchrony and diachrony (to classify alternations and to understand their transitions from one module to the other), I will then turn to diachrony for additional support for the criterion of semioticity as well as spell out how it can help us understand the phenomenon of morphologization.
Comparing the effectiveness of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a mortality predictor on middle and advanced age coronary artery bypass graft patients

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the effect of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which is a recently developed inflammatory parameter, as an early stage mortality predictive marker on coronary artery bypass (CABG) patients of various age groups was examined. METHODS: Seventy eight patients under the age of 45 (Group 1) and 80 patients who were older than 45 (Group 2) randomly chosen from the patients who underwent isolated CABG surgery, were examined. The preoperative characteristics and NLRs were noted. The primary end point of the study was determined as all-cause in- hospital mortality. RESULTS: Mortality was observed in 2 patients in Group 1 and 11 patients in Group 2. The threshold value of NLR was 2,47 in the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve in Group 1 and there wasn’t any significant correlation between preoperative NLR and mortality rates in the patients whose NLRs were above this curve. The threshold value was determined as 4.07 in Group 2 and there was a significant relation between preoperative NLR and mortality (p<0,01). No relation was found between NLR and mortality when all the examined patients were considered (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: NLR that can be easily calculated, can be used as a mortality predictor in the patients of advanced age who will undergo isolated CABG procedure.
TOWARDS THE IDENTIFICATION OF ACCURATE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION MODELS FOR THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

Structural design deeply involves material strengths, which are obviously affected by uncertainty. As far as the material “concrete” is concerned, building codes (Italian codes, Eurocodes, ACI regulations) typically state that it should be identified and classified by means of its conventional characteristic uniaxial compressive cubic strength at 28 days. Although the fundamental importance of the problem of the evaluation of the characteristic compressive strength of concrete in structural design, the statistical analysis geared to identify an accurate probabilistic model of the concrete strength has not been a central issue of the research works in the field for many years. This paper describes the results of an investigation performed to obtain the compressive strength statistic characteristics of a production of about half a million cubic meters of concrete. This amount of concrete was produced over a five-year period. The results obtained indicate that the statistical distribution that best captures the characteristics of the available experimental data is the Shifted Lognormal. On the other hand, the Italian code and, to some extent, the Eurocode substantially base the evaluation of concrete properties upon a Normal distribution. It is therefore advisable that design codes will encompass the possibility for the engineer to evaluate the concrete properties based upon these more refined statistical models.
HÆMODYNAMIC STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH ARTIFICIAL PACEMAKERS

The treatment of complete heart block by means of an artificial pacemaker is now well established, but there is still considerable uncertainty as to the best heart rate and the relative merits of fixed or variable rate units. The present study is based on 35 patients and the results are supported by clinical experience of a further 41 who have all been treated by artificial pacing for up to four years
Preferences for participation in shared decision making of psychiatric outpatients with affective disorders

Objective: To assess preferences for participation in shared decision making in a representative sample of psychiatric outpatients with affective disorders and to understand how clinical and socio-demographic variables influence patients’ preferences for participation. Method: A cross-sectional survey of 172 consecutive psychiatric outpatients with affective disorders attending at Community Mental Health Care setting was carried out. Patients expressed preferences on each of 3 aspects of decision making (seeking information, discussing options, making the final decision). The “CGI Severity and Improvement Scales” and the “Beck Depression Inventory” scale were used for severity assessment. Additionally the “Drug Attitude Inventory”, the “Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire” and the “Leeds Attitude toward Concordance Scale” were applied to all participants. Effects of variables considered on preferences were assessed using proportional odds regression models. Results: We registered a high response rate of 85%. Nearly all patients (91%) preferred to leave final decisions to their treating psychiatrists and 87% preferred to rely on psychiatrists for medical knowledge rather than seeking their own information. In contrast, 81% of patients preferred to be offered options and to be asked their opinion by their doctors. Gender, age, educational level, number of psychotropics used and belief about psychiatric medication overuse were significant predictors in decision making dimensions considered. Conclusion: Shared decision making approach of patients with affective disorder must take into consideration a more doctor-directed approach preferred by the patients in which the desire to be offered options is not automatically linked with the willingness of taking decisions or getting more knowledge.
Sphingomyelin Synthase, a Potential Regulator of Intracellular Levels of Ceramide and Diacylglycerol during SV40 Transformation

Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS), an enzyme involved in sphingomyelin (SM) and ceramide metabolism, can potentially regulate, in opposite directions, the levels of ceramide and diacylglycerol. In this study SMS activity was investigated in normal and SV40-transformed human lung fibroblasts (WI38). The addition of [3H]C2-ceramide to cells resulted in a time-dependent formation of [3H]C2-SM. At 24 h after treatment, normal WI38 cells cleared 17% of [3H]C2-ceramide producing [3H]C2-SM, which accounted for 13% of total radioactivity. On the other hand, SV40-transformed cells cleared 45% of [3H]C2-ceramide and produced C2-SM, which accounted for 24% of total radioactivity. This enhanced production of C2-SM was also supported by an increase in the total SMS activity of cells (measured in vitro), such that SV40-transformed cells had SMS activity of 222 pmol/mg of protein/h, whereas wild type cells had 78 pmol/mg of protein/h of activity. Additional studies aimed at examining the SMS activity directed at ceramide produced in the plasma membrane. Treatment of cells with exogenous bacterial sphingomyelinase (SMase) for 25 min resulted in cleavage of 90–95% of total SM and the concomitant generation of ceramide. After bacterial SMase treatment, wild type WI38 cells cleared ceramide very slowly (19.2 pmol of ceramide/nmol of phosholipid Pi after 6 h of incubation) and hardly regenerated any SM. On the other hand, SV40-transformed cells cleared ceramide much faster (41.1 pmol/nmol of Pi after 6 h of incubation) and regenerated approximately 80% of the original SM. These results show that the enhanced SMS activity of transformed cells is particularly pronounced when ceramide is produced in the plasma membrane. Finally, several observations led us to consider the relationship of SMS to the “putative” phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC). We, therefore, tested the effects of D609, a purported PC-PLC-specific inhibitor on the activity of SMS. D609 inhibited SMS activity in vitro. In addition, cellular studies showed that SMS activity was dramatically inhibited by concentrations of D609 used previously to study PC-PLC (10–50 μg/ml). These results suggest SMS as an important biochemical target for D609, and they raise the distinct possibility that many of the roles of PC-PLC, especially in cell transformation, may be attributable to SMS.
Using Crowdsourcing to Improve Profanity Detection

Profanity detection is often thought to be an easy task. However, past work has shown that current, list-based systems are performing poorly. They fail to adapt to evolving profane slang, identify profane terms that have been disguised or only partially censored (e.g., @ss, f$#%) or intentionally or unintentionally misspelled (e.g., biatch, shiiiit). For these reasons, they are easy to circumvent and have very poor recall. Secondly, they are a one-size fits all solution – making assumptions that the definition, use and perceptions of profane or inappropriate holds across all contexts. In this article, we present work that attempts to move beyond list-based profanity detection systems by identifying the context in which profanity occurs. The proposed system uses a set of comments from a social news site labeled by Amazon Mechanical Turk workers for the presence of profanity. This system far surpasses the performance of list-based profanity detection techniques. The use of crowdsourcing in this task suggests an opportunity to build profanity detection systems tailored to sites and communities.
Regulation of LiaRS-Dependent Gene Expression in Bacillus subtilis: Identification of Inhibitor Proteins, Regulator Binding Sites, and Target Genes of a Conserved Cell Envelope Stress-Sensing Two-Component System

ABSTRACT The regulatory network of the cell envelope stress response in Bacillus subtilis involves both extracytoplasmic function σ-factors and two-component signal transducing systems. One such system, LiaRS, responds to cell wall antibiotics that interfere with the undecaprenol cycle and to perturbation of the cytoplasmic membrane. It is encoded by the last two genes of the liaIHGFSR locus. Here, we analyzed the expression of two LiaR-dependent operons, liaIHGFSR and yhcYZ-yhdA, and characterized a palindromic sequence required for LiaR-dependent activation. Since induction of the strong liaI promoter leads to both liaIH and liaIHGFRS transcripts, LiaR is positively autoregulated. Systematic deletion analysis of the liaI operon revealed that LiaF is a potent negative regulator of LiaR-dependent gene expression: a nonpolar liaF deletion led to constitutive activation of both characterized LiaR-dependent promoters. The liaF gene is conserved in both sequence and genomic context in the Firmicutes group of gram-positive bacteria, located directly upstream of liaSR orthologs. LiaH, a homolog of Escherichia coli phage shock protein A, also plays a more subtle role in negatively modulating the bacitracin-inducible expression from LiaR-dependent promoters. Our results support a model in which the LiaFRS module integrates both positive and negative feedback loops to transduce cell envelope stress signals.
Ganging up on Information Overload

When information is abundant, the knowledge of which information is useful and valuable matters most. We all use our network of family, friends, and colleagues to recommend movies, books, cars, and news articles. Collaborative filtering technology automates the process of sharing opinions on the relevance and duality of information. Collaborative filtering is one technique among many information filtering techniques that range from unfiltered to personalized and from effortless to laborious. Libraries or the Web are good examples of unfiltered information sources. E-mail directed to one recipient is a good example of a filtered information source. A best-seller list requires little effort fur the user, but provides the same recommendations to all users. Filters based on demographics, such as age, sex, or marital status, require some effort from the user in providing the demographics, and provide some level of personal filtering, so they are near the middle of the chart. Collaborative filtering requires relatively little effort from the user, and provides individually targeted recommendations, so it is in the upper right of the chart. Effort, of course, can be reduced via automation. While collaborative filtering is not necessarily effortless, it requires a relatively small amount of effort on the part of the user and provides very individualized recommendations. The collaborative filtering systems that we discuss here each offer a high degree of personalization, but each system takes a different approach to automation, attempting to find the best trade-off between the amount of work the users must put into the system and the perceived value and benefits they receive in return.
The Microbe Hunters

In wondering the things that you should do, reading can be a new choice of you in making new things. It's always said that reading will always help you to overcome something to better. Yeah, microbe hunters is one that we always offer. Even we share again and again about the books, what's your conception? If you are one of the people love reading as a manner, you can find microbe hunters as your reading material.
Word frequency modulates morpheme-based reading in poor and skilled Italian readers

A previous study reported that, similar to young and adult skilled readers, Italian developmental dyslexics read pseudowords made up of a root and a derivational suffix faster and more accurately than simple pseudowords. Unlike skilled readers, only dyslexic and reading-matched younger children benefited from morphological structure in reading words aloud. In this study, we show that word frequency affects the probability of morpheme-based reading, interacting with reading ability. Young skilled readers named low- but not high-frequency morphologically complex words faster than simple words. By contrast, the advantage for morphologically complex words was present in poor readers irrespective of word frequency. Adult readers showed no facilitating effect of morphological structure. These results indicate that young readers use reading units (morphemes) that are larger than the single-grapheme grain size. It is argued that morpheme-based reading is important for obtaining reading fluency (rather than accuracy) in transparent orthographies and is useful particularly in children with limited reading ability who do not fully master whole-word processing.
WEB TOP 10

Objective: To assess arterial distensibility using pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements and its relation with endothelium dependent vasodilatation (EDV) in patients with cardiological syndrome X. Methods: The study group consisted of 92 patients: 52 with syndrome X (34 women, 18 men, mean (SD) age 45 (3) years) and 40 healthy volunteer controls (27 women, 13 men, mean (SD) age 41 (2) years) without risk factors of atherosclerosis and with negative ECG exercise test and normal proximal coronaries on transoesophageal echocardiography. Patients with arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, valvar disease, or cardiomyopathy were excluded. PWV measured by a Complior Colson device was calculated for each patient. EDV was assessed from two dimensional Doppler measurement using an Acuson Sequoia with 8 MHz linear transducer at rest, during postischaemic reactive hyperaemia, and after an oral dose of 400 μg of glyceryl trinitrate. Results: PWV was significantly higher in patients with syndrome X than in healthy subjects (9.3 (0.7) m/s v 8.2 (0.9) m/s, respectively, p < 0.001). Baseline brachial artery diameter was similar in the syndrome X and control groups (4.0 (0.6) mm v 4.08 (0.64) mm, NS). EDV was impaired in patients with syndrome X compared with controls (6.6 (3.0)% v 11.1 (3.9)%, p < 0.001). Endothelium independent vasodilatation was similar in both groups. In patients with syndrome X there was a positive correlation between PWV and the degree of EDV (r = 0.864, p < 0.001). The cut off value for PWV was 8.5 m/s, with a sensitivity of 62% and a specificity of 91%. Conclusions: EDV but not glyceryl trinitrate induced vasodilatation is decreased in patients with syndrome X. There is a strong correlation between PWV and the degree of endothelial dysfunction of peripheral arteries in patients with syndrome X. PWV assessment may be useful to identify abnormal vascular physiology in these patients.
Framing the telephone interview as a participant-centred tool for qualitative research: a methodological discussion

This paper discusses telephone interviewing as a qualitative research method and defines qualitative telephone interviews as participant-centered. In a research project which consisted of internet based recruitment, emails sent to set up interviews and an analysis of 39 qualitative interviews conducted over telephone, I contend that being interviewed over the phone may result in more honest data as people have become more accustomed to ‘virtual’ communication, serving to benefit to both the participant and researcher. By merging feminist research methodology with traditional forms of semi-structured interviewing, data collected over the phone can be used when dealing with traumatic or sensitive topics and can result in rich data. Thus, this paper contributes to an ever-evolving conversation regarding the utility of telephone interviewing.
Condom Accessibility

Objective. The information–motivation–behavioral skills model was used to investigate which factors were associated with condom accessibility among undergraduate college aged adults. Our aim was to also examine moderating effects of erotophobia/erotophilia and alcohol use, as these have been related to sexual risk and prevention behaviors among young adults. Method. Participants completed survey questionnaires on personal computers. Results. Support was found for the paths of the information–motivation–behavioral skills model. Alcohol use moderated the mediating effect of behavioral skills between motivation and condom accessibility, and erotophobia/erotophilia moderated the effect of motivation and behavioral skills on condom accessibility. Higher alcohol use was associated with a lower likelihood of having condoms accessible, and individuals with higher levels of erotophobia had weaker paths between motivation and behavioral skills than those with lower levels. Discussion. Discussion centers on the role of individual differences on protective behaviors that require planning and how intervention efforts can be tailored to promote these changes.
Conceptual tempo and inhibition of movement in black preschool children.

HARRISON, ALGEA, and NADELMAN, LORRAINE. Conceptual Tempo and Inhibition of Movement in Black Preschool Children. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1972, 43, 657-668. The relationships among the impulsivity-reflection dimension of conceptual tempo and the ability to inhibit movement and intelligence were studied in 50 black middle-class preschool children. The error and time scores on Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures Test were used to categorize children as reflective or impulsive. Maccoby et al.'s Draw a Line Slowly and Walk Slowly Tests, scored several ways, measured the child's ability to inhibit motor movement on request. The predicted relatiori between conceptual tempo and inhibition of movement was supported, more reflective children being significantly able to inhibit motor movement upon request than impulsive children. Ability to inhibit movement correlated positively and significantly with response latency and negatively and significantly with errors. Girls were more reflective and better inhibitors than boys.
Out of Sight Further from Mind

This research assessed the effects of the visibility of destinations on perceived distance to them. Fifteen pairs of outdoor sites on The Ohio State University campus were selected such that two buildings, one visible and one hidden, were equidistant from each and such that for each pair of sites, the building visible from one was hidden from the other. At each site, one male and one female were asked to estimate the distance to each building, to tell which was further away, and to indicate their familiarity with each building. For distance estimates by the full sample, a marginally significant effect in the expected direction emerged. For males, the estimated distances to visible buildings were significantly less than to hidden ones. For females, no significant difference emerged. Buildings judged as more familiar were rated as significantly closer. With familiarity controlled, male estimates of distance were affected by visibility; for the full sample, more individuals selected the visible building as being closer.
MPC: Popularity-based caching strategy for content centric networks

Content Centric Networking (CCN) has recently emerged as a promising architecture to deliver content at large-scale. It is based on named-data where a packet address names content and not its location. Then, the premise is to cache content on the network nodes along the delivery path. An important feature for CCN is therefore to manage the cache of the nodes. In this paper, we present Most Popular Content (MPC), a new caching strategy adapted to CCN networks. By caching only popular content, we show through extensive simulation experiments that MPC is able to cache less content while, at the same time, it still achieves a higher Cache Hit and outperforms existing default caching strategy in CCN.
Joint rate and power allocation in spectrum sharing networks with balanced QoS provisioning and power saving

In this paper, we study the joint rate and multi-channel power allocations in spectrum sharing networks (SSNs) with balanced QoS provisioning and power saving. We formulate this cross layer problem as a non-cooperative game GJRPA in which each user aims to achieve its target data rate as exactly as possible and minimize its power consumption at the same time. We investigate the properties of Nash equilibrium (N.E.) for GJRPA, including its existence, and properties of QoS provisioning as well as power saving. With the decomposition technique, we propose a distributed algorithm to find the N.E. for GJRPA from any feasible initialization and provide a sufficient condition for its convergence. Simulation results are presented to show the validity of our proposed algorithm. Performance tradeoff between QoS provisioning and power saving are investigated via tuning the weighting factors. Besides, advantages of our GJRPA over conventional iterative water filling (IWF) are also analyzed.