Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competitive Environments Evolve Better Solutions for Complex Tasks

In the typical genetic algorithm experiment, the fitness function is constructed to be independent of the contents of the population to provide a consistent objective measure. Such objectivity entails significant knowledge about the environment which suggests either the problem has previously been solved or other non-evolutionary techniques may be more efficient. Furthermore, for many complex tasks an independent fitness function is either impractical or impossible to provide. In this paper, we demonstrate that competitive fitness functions, i.e. fitness functions that are dependent on the constituents of the population, can provide a more robust training environment than independent fitness functions. We describe three differing methods for competitive fitness, and discuss their respective advantages.
Ionic liquids-based extraction: a promising strategy for the advanced nuclear fuel cycle.

Ionic Liquids-Based Extraction: A Promising Strategy for theAdvanced Nuclear Fuel Cycle Xiaoqi Sun, Huimin Luo, and Sheng Dai* Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, United States State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
Endosomal escape efficiency of fusogenic B18 and B55 peptides fused with anti-EGFR single chain Fv as estimated by nuclear translocation.

UNLABELLED Although monoclonal antibodies have been used not only as analytical tools but also as biologic therapeutics, they cannot target intracellular proteins due to their large molecular size and low membrane permeability, which limit their applications. During previous attempts to delivery antibodies intracellularly, the low efficiency of escape from endosomes to the cytosol reduced the bioavailability of antibodies or antibody-conjugated effectors. Recently, we found that the fusogenic peptides (FPs) B18 and B55 from bindin, a sea urchin gamete recognition protein, facilitated the endosomal escape of FP-fused enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and/or of co-administered cargos such as dextrans [Niikura et al. A fusogenic peptide from a sea urchin fertilization protein promotes intracellular delivery of biomacromolecules by facilitating endosomal escape. J. CONTROL Release 2015;212:85-93]. In this study, we constructed FP-fused anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) single-chain Fv (αEGFR[scFv]) proteins and evaluated their endosomal escape efficiency by utilizing a nuclear localization signal). When the FP-fused αEGFR[scFv] proteins were incubated with A431 cells, the estimated endosomal escape efficiency of αEGFR[scFv]-B18 was significantly higher than that of αEGFR[scFv] alone, suggesting that the B18 peptide facilitates endosomal escape of the conjugated scFv in cis. Moreover, αEGFR[scFv]-B55 promoted the intracellular uptake of co-administered eGFP and dextrans in trans. These results imply that B18- and B55-fused antibodies may be useful for the cell-specific intracellular delivery of biomacromolecules.
Epidemiology, healthcare, resources, use and clinical features of different types of urticaria. Alergológica 2005.

INTRODUCTION In spite of the impact on quality of life, little attention has been given to chronic urticaria. OBJECTIVE To describe the morbidity and features of urticaria and compare the results with the other allergic diseases included in this study. RESULTS Urticaria is the fourth most prevalent condition after rhinitis, asthma and drug allergy. Despite this position, the number of patients who needed to visit emergency departments was higher (54.4%) than the rest of the sample (24.6%) (P < .001). The percentage of urticaria/angioedema patients with work absences was also higher than the rest of the sample suffering from other allergic conditions. We found significant differences in school performance between urticaria/angioedema children and children from of the rest of the sample (P = .029). Paired analysis identified significant differences in percentages of "bad school performance" for children suffering from urticaria/angioedema. Patients suffering from chronic urticaria scored in the lowest 25th percentile on physical impact. On psychological impact, urticaria patients scored below the 20th percentile of the general population. The general trend was to order extensive laboratory test for patients suffering from urticaria. In the present study, only one patient had a systemic disease, 13 patients had autoimmune and endocrine diseases often present with chronic urticaria. In spite of the insistence on the possible role of infections in chronic urticaria, in our study an infection could only be demonstrated in three patients. CONCLUSION Based on these results, we believe that urticaria is a disease with significant morbidity and involves heavy use of healthcare services and as such deserves more resources and attention.
Metformin pretreatment enhanced learning and memory in cerebral forebrain ischaemia: the role of the AMPK/BDNF/P70SK signalling pathway

Abstract Context Metformin induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protected neurons in cerebral ischaemia. Objective This study examined pretreatment with metformin and activation of AMPK in molecular and behavioral levels associated with memory. Materials and methods Rats were pretreated with metformin (200 mg/kg) for 2 weeks and 4-vessels occlusion global cerebral ischaemia was induced. Three days after ischaemia, memory improvement was done by passive avoidance task and neurological scores were evaluated. The amount of Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated and total P70S6 kinase (P70S6K) were measured. Results Pretreatment with metformin (met) in the met + ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) group reduced latency time for enter to dark chamber compared with the sham group (p < 0.001) and increased latency time compared with the I/R group (p < 0.001). Injection of Compound C (CC) (as an AMPK inhibitor) concomitant with metformin reduced latency time in I/R rats compared with the I/R + met group (p < 0.05). Neurological scores were reduced in met treated rats compared with the sham group. Pretreatment with metformin in I/R animals reduced levels of pro-BDNF compared with the I/R group (p < 0.001) but increased that compared with the sham group (p < 0.001). The level of pro-BDNF decreased in the met + CC + I/R group compared with the met + I/R group (p < 0.01). Pretreatment with metformin in I/R animals significantly increased P70S6K compared with the I/R group (p < 0.001). Conclusion Short-term memory in ischaemic rats treated with metformin increased step-through latency; sensory-motor evaluation was applied and a group of ischaemia rats that were pretreated with metformin showed high levels of BDNF, P70S6K that seemed to be due to increasing AMPK.
Improved Affinity Graph Based Multi-Document Summarization

This paper describes an affinity graph based approach to multi-document summarization. We incorporate a diffusion process to acquire semantic relationships between sentences, and then compute information richness of sentences by a graph rank algorithm on differentiated intra-document links and inter-document links between sentences. A greedy algorithm is employed to impose diversity penalty on sentences and the sentences with both high information richness and high information novelty are chosen into the summary. Experimental results on task 2 of DUC 2002 and task 2 of DUC 2004 demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art systems.
Modeling Web Browsing on Mobile Internet

In this letter, we present a Web browsing model for mobile Internet. Instead of relying on simulation data, our approach is based on real data. We set up our model with six parameters including main-object size, embedded object size, number of embedded objects, inter-arrival of embedded objects, reading time and session duration. By using KS-test method, we fit the measurement results to matched statistical distributions. Compared to previous Web studies, our results are new findings.
Performance of the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Viral Load Assay Is Not Impacted by Integrase Inhibitor Resistance-Associated Mutations

ABSTRACT The Abbott RealTime HIV-1 viral load assay uses primers and probes targeted to integrase, which is also the target of integrase inhibitors such as raltegravir. Viral loads of 42 raltegravir-susceptible and 40 raltegravir-resistant specimens were determined using RealTime HIV-1 and Roche Monitor (v1.5). The differences in viral load measurements between assays were comparable in the two groups, demonstrating that the RealTime HIV-1 assay can tolerate raltegravir-selected mutations.
Thermal Infrared and Multi-spectral Dual Sensor Integration for Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Abstract. This paper describes the development and integration of a dual sensor payload into an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) for agricultural remote sensing. The dual sensor payload is comprised of a FLIR Tau 2 thermal infrared sensor linked to a TeAx ThermalCapture processor and a MicaSense RedEdge 5 band multi-spectral sensor. Sensors were mounted into a UASUSA Tempest fixed wing unmanned aircraft using a 3-D printed mount. The sensors were integrated such that a single trigger signal from a BlackSwift Technologies SwiftPilot autopilot activated both sensors simultaneously. Payload system design, development, implementation, power supply, and installation considerations are discussed along with a review of the dual sensor system performance.
Electrodes: definitions and systematisation – a crystallographers view

Abstract Electrodes are, in combination with electrolytes and the active, reacting materials the function-giving materials in electrochemical energy storage devices. They are responsible for the transfer of electrons and provide the surface at which the electrochemical reactions take place. Those electrochemical reactions span the potential difference which drives the battery. We present a crystallographically inspired systematisation of all electrodes found in electrochemical storages that comprise inert and reactive electrodes, subdivided in active and passive electrodes, and solvation, mixed crystal, and phase transition electrodes, respectively. After the description of all electrode types we present a concise summary of battery chemistries and the applied electrode types.
Determination of morphology characteristics of polymer-modified asphalt by a quantification parameters approach

Although microstructure is closely related to performance and is even considered decisively influential, this paper addresses the poorly understood morphology characteristics of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS). Eighteen groups of polymer-modified asphalt (PMA) were prepared with three binder sources, four SBS polymers and five modifier contents. Fluorescence microscope images and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to study the morphology characteristic and compositions. Fractal dimensions, average expansion diameter and FTIR peak area were proposed as the quantification parameters to describe the intricate morphology characteristics and functional groups. Expansion multiples of each polymer were deduced based on the principle of calculus variation. Furthermore, ANOVA was used to analyse the stability of the proposed quantification method. Results show that fractal dimensions can be used to characterise the microstructures and polymer swelling status of modified asphalt. For most SBS polymers in this study, the polymers swelled 6.12–8.38 times larger than their original particle size. The results indicated the potential for these quantification parameters to evaluate the PMA and its application for quality assurance.
Exercise testing in the clinical management of patients affected by pulmonary arterial hypertension

Patients affected by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) show a reduced exercise tolerance with early occurrence of dyspnoea and fatigue. The origin of functional capacity limitation is multifactorial and several mechanisms have been proposed, including right heart failure, which leads to a limited increase in cardiac output during exercise, and hyperventilation with a reduced perfusion of properly ventilated alveoli. In addition, abnormalities in arterial blood gases are observed, with the occurrence of hypoxemia and hypocapnia, related to an abnormal ventilation/perfusion match, gas diffusion abnormalities, low mixed venous oxygen saturation and to the development of intra- and extra-pulmonary right-to-left shunts. At present, the 6-minute walking test is the most used method to assess exercise tolerance in PAH; it is also useful to monitor the response to therapy and provides prognostic information. However, the assessment of functional capacity by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) seems to be more complete, because CPET allows for discrimination between the metabolic, cardiovascular and pulmonary components of exercise limitation. Moreover, CPET estimates the severity of disease and assesses patients’ prognosis and response to therapy. In PAH, a typical CPET-response is observed, characterized by a severe reduction in peak VO2, work rate, O2 pulse and anaerobic threshold and by a marked increase in VE/VCO2 slope and in the dead space to tidal volume ratio. However, the use of CPET should be limited to experienced centres. This review will focus on resting lung function and exercise tolerance tests, showing that CPET can provide the physiological explanation of functional limitation in PAH.
Some Complexity Results and Bit Unpredictable for Short Vector Problem

In this paper, we prove that finding the approximate shortest vector with length in [λ1, γλ1] could be reduced to GapSVP. We also prove that shortest vector problem could also be reduced to GapSVP with a small gap. As the complexity of uSVP is not very clear, we improve crurrent complexity results[19] of uSVP, proving uSVP could be reduced from SVP deterministically. What’s more, we prove that the search version of uSVP could be reduced to decisional version of uSVP with almost the same gap. At last, based on the results above, we prove a bit-unpredictable property of SVP.
Binding of Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein B (gB) to Paired Immunoglobulin-Like Type 2 Receptor α Depends on Specific Sialylated O-Linked Glycans on gB

ABSTRACT Paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) is an inhibitory receptor expressed on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. Its binding to a cellular ligand, CD99, depends on the presence of sialylated O-linked glycans on CD99. Glycoprotein B (gB) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) binds to PILRα, and this association is involved in HSV-1 infection. Here, we found that the presence of sialylated O-glycans on gB is required for gB to associate with PILRα. Furthermore, we identified two threonine residues on gB that are essential for the addition of the principal O-glycans acquired by gB and that are also essential for the binding of PILRα to gB.
Recent Advances in Plasmonic Sensors

Plasmonic sensing has been an important multidisciplinary research field and has been extensively used in detection of trace molecules in chemistry and biology. The sensing techniques are typically based on surface-enhanced spectroscopies and surface plasmon resonances (SPRs). This review article deals with some recent advances in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors and SPR sensors using either localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) or propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The advances discussed herein present some improvements in SERS and SPR sensing, as well as a new type of nanowire-based SPP sensor.
ARSM: a cross-layer auto rate selection multicast mechanism for multi-rate wireless LANs

Multicast is an efficient paradigm for transmitting data from a sender to a group of receivers. According to the IEEE 802.11 standard, the multicast service is defined as an unreliable service, that is, it does not include the use of ACK frames. Furthermore, different to the unicast service, the multicast service makes use of a single rate out of the various rates included in the basic service set defined by the IEEE 802.11 standard. Even though various proposals have recently appeared in the literature addressing these issues, none of them has come out with a structured set of control mechanisms taking into account the varying conditions characterising the wireless channels as well as the requirements of various applications. A novel cross-layer auto rate selection multicast mechanism for multi-rate wireless LANs, namely auto rate selection for multicast, capable of adapting the data transmission to the varying conditions of the channel and taking into account the characteristics of various applications, is introduced. The simulation results show that our proposal outperforms the IEEE 802.11 standard and the mechanisms recently proposed in the literature.
Distributed Weighted Parameter Averaging for SVM Training on Big Data

Two popular approaches for distributed training of SVMs on big data are parameter averaging and ADMM. Parameter averaging is efficient but suffers from loss of accuracy with increase in number of partitions, while ADMM in the feature space is accurate but suffers from slow convergence. In this paper, we report a hybrid approach called weighted parameter averaging (WPA), which optimizes the regularized hinge loss with respect to weights on parameters. The problem is shown to be same as solving SVM in a projected space. We also demonstrate an $O(\frac{1}{N})$ stability bound on final hypothesis given by WPA, using novel proof techniques. Experimental results on a variety of toy and real world datasets show that our approach is significantly more accurate than parameter averaging for high number of partitions. It is also seen the proposed method enjoys much faster convergence compared to ADMM in features space.
Exploring Context Variation and Lexicon Coverage in Projection-based Approach for Term Translation

Identifying translations in comparable corpora has inspired many studies in bilingual terminology extraction [4, 5]. Projection-based approaches, which are among the most popular ones, rely on a seed bilingual lexicon. Surprisingly, there is no careful analysis of the impact of the size the initial context and coverage of the lexicon. This is precisely the focus of this study. We observe that source context size and lexicon coverage influence robustness in projection-based term translation. In particular, we show that increasing the number of seed words by a factor of three leads to a 20% relative improvement in accuracy.
Statistical information and discrimination

In analogy with the definition of Shannon information, M.H. De Groot (1962) defined statistical information as the difference between prior and posterior risk of a statistical decision problem. Relations are studied between the statistical information and the discrimination functions of information theory known as f-divergences. Using previous results, it is shown that every f-divergence I/sub f/(P,Q) is an average statistical information or decision problem with dichotomic parameter, 0-1 loss function, and corresponding observation distributions P and Q. The average is taken over a distribution on the parameter's prior probability. This distribution is uniquely determined by the function f. The main result is that every f-divergence is statistical information in some properly chosen statistical decision problem, and conversely, that every piece of statistical information is an f-divergence. This provides a new representation of discrimination functions figuring in signal detection, data compression, coding pattern classification, cluster analysis, etc. >
A fault tolerant approach to microprocessor design

We propose a fault-tolerant approach to reliable microprocessor design. Our approach, based on the use of an online checker component in the processor pipeline, provides significant resistance to core processor design errors and operational faults such as supply voltage noise and energetic particle strikes. We show through cycle-accurate simulation and timing analysis of a physical checker design that our approach preserves system performance while keeping area overheads and power demands low. Furthermore, analyses suggest that the checker is a fairly simple state machine that can be formally verified, scaled in performance, and reused. Further simulation analyses show virtually no performance impacts when our simple checker design is coupled with a high-performance microprocessor model. Timing analyses indicate that a fully synthesized unpipelined 4-wide checker component in 0.25 /spl mu/m technology is capable of checking Alpha instructions at 288 MHz. Physical analyses also confirm that costs are quite modest; our prototype checker requires less than 6% the area and 1.5% the power of an Alpha 21264 processor in the same technology. Additional improvements to the checker component are described which allow for improved detection of design, fabrication and operational faults.
Improving Algorithms for Boosting

Motivated by results in information-theory, we describe a modiﬁcation of the popular boosting algo-rithm AdaBoost and assess its performance both theoretically and empirically. We provide theoretical and empirical evidence that the proposed boosting scheme will have lower training and testing error than the original (non-conﬁdence-rated) version of AdaBoost. Our modiﬁed boosting al-gorithm and its analysis also suggests an explanation for why boosting with conﬁdence-rated pre-dictionsoften markedly outperforms boostingwith-out conﬁdence-rated predictions. Finally, our motivations and analyses provide further impetus for the study of boosting in an information-theoretic, as opposed to decision-theoretic, light.