Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
p 53 Mutations in Pancreatic Carcinoma and Evidence of Common Involvement of Homocopolymer Tracts in DNA Microdeletions 1

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a major cause of cancer death, and yet little is known about its molecular pathogenesis. We identified p53 muta tions in 19 (70%) of 27 primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Most were missense point mutations, and the mutations were distributed primarily within the evolutionarily conserved domains. Transitions predominated over transversions, and many of the transitions were at CpG dinucleo tides. Intragenic deletions accounted for 32% of mutations and were associated with decreased survival (P = 0.0016). A review of 1937 pub lishedp53 mutations revealed that the occurrence ofsmall (1â€”2 base pairs) microdeletions varied among different types of human neoplasms and that pancreatic adenocarcinoma had one ofthe highest frequencies (13% of 47 mutations, P = 0.0036). Many smali deletions occurred in iterations of single bases, but this did not fully account for their pattern of distribution, and there was evidence for the involvement of homocopolymer (poly purine:polypyrimidine) tracts. This may represent a more widespread phenomenon, because microdeletions occur in similar sequence patterns in reports of somatic and germ line mutations among genes other than P53.
Redefining Families: Implications for Children's Development

Introduction: Demography and Changing Families (A.E. Gottfried, A.W. Gottfried). Alternative Families and Children's Development: Primary Caregiving Fathers in Intact Familes (N. Radin). Role of Maternal and Dual-Earner Employment in Children's Development (A.E. Gottfried et al.). Revolution and Reassessment (C.E. Depner). The Gap between Psychosocial Assumptions and Empirical Research in Lesbian Mother Child Custody Cases (P.J. Falk). Gay Dads (R.L. Barret, B.E. Robinson). Custodial Grandparenting (R.J. Shore, B. Hayslip, Jr.). Overview: Impact of Redefined Families on Children's Development (A.E. Gottfried, A.W. Gottfried). Index.
Cytosolic calcium elevation and cGMP production induced by serotonin in a clonal cell of glial origin

It has been shown recently that astroglial cells of the mammalian CNS possess receptors for neurotransmitters. In order to analyze what sequences of cellular events occur upon activation of these glial receptors, we utilized a 5-HT receptor in a rat clonal cell of glial origin as a model system. When the C6BU-1 glioma cells were exposed to 5-HT, the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was elevated and the cellular content of cGMP was increased in a dose-dependent manner. 5-HT receptor antagonists and a Ca2+ entry blocker suppressed the increases in both [Ca2+]i and cGMP. The magnitude of the cGMP increment depended on the environmental Ca2+ concentration and was totally blocked by Ca2+ depletion. Application of a Ca2+ ionophore increased [Ca2+]i and cGMP. There was a tendency for extremely high [Ca2+]i to suppress the cGMP increment. On the contrary, membrane-permeable cyclic nucleotide analogs failed to increase [Ca2+]i. These results suggest that the following sequence of events occurs in 5-HT-induced C6BU-1 cells: activation of 5-HT receptors, Ca2+ influx, a rise in [Ca2+]i, activation of guanylate cyclase, and, finally, activation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.
Enabling End-Host Network Functions

Many network functions executed in modern datacenters, e.g., load balancing, application-level QoS, and congestion control, exhibit three common properties at the data-plane: they need to access and modify state, to perform computations, and to access application semantics -- this is critical since many network functions are best expressed in terms of application-level messages. In this paper, we argue that the end hosts are a natural enforcement point for these functions and we present Eden, an architecture for implementing network functions at datacenter end hosts with minimal network support. Eden comprises three components, a centralized controller, an enclave at each end host, and Eden-compliant applications called stages. To implement network functions, the controller configures stages to classify their data into messages and the enclaves to apply action functions based on a packet's class. Our Eden prototype includes enclaves implemented both in the OS kernel and on programmable NICs. Through case studies, we show how application-level classification and the ability to run actual programs on the data-path allows Eden to efficiently support a broad range of network functions at the network's edge.
Effective scoring function for protein sequence design

We have developed an effective scoring function for protein design. The atomic solvation parameters, together with the weights of energy terms, were optimized so that residues corresponding to the native sequence were predicted with low energy in the training set of 28 protein structures. The solvation energy of non‐hydrogen‐bonded hydrophilic atoms was considered separately and expressed in a nonlinear way. As a result, our scoring function predicted native residues as the most favorable in 59% of the total positions in 28 proteins. We then tested the scoring function by comparing the predicted stability changes for 103 T4 lysozyme mutants with the experimental values. The correlation coefficients were 0.77 for surface mutations and 0.71 for all mutations. Finally, the scoring function combined with Monte Carlo simulation was used to predict favorable sequences on a fixed backbone. The designed sequences were similar to the natural sequences of the family to which the template structure belonged. The profile of the designed sequences was helpful for identification of remote homologues of the native sequence. Proteins 2004;54:000–000. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduction of Metabolic Cost during Motor Learning of Arm Reaching Dynamics

It is often assumed that the CNS controls movements in a manner that minimizes energetic cost. While empirical evidence for actual metabolic minimization exists in locomotion, actual metabolic cost has yet to be measured during motor learning and/or arm reaching. Here, we measured metabolic power consumption using expired gas analysis, as humans learned novel arm reaching dynamics. We hypothesized that (1) metabolic power would decrease with motor learning and (2) muscle activity and coactivation would parallel changes in metabolic power. Seated subjects made horizontal planar reaching movements toward a target using a robotic arm. The novel dynamics involved compensating for a viscous curl force field that perturbed reaching movements. Metabolic power was measured continuously throughout the protocol. Subjects decreased movement error and learned the novel dynamics. By the end of learning, net metabolic power decreased by ∼20% (∼0.1 W/kg) from initial learning. Muscle activity and coactivation also decreased with motor learning. Interestingly, distinct and significant reductions in metabolic power occurred even after muscle activity and coactivation had stabilized and movement changes were small. These results provide the first evidence of actual metabolic reduction during motor learning and for a reaching task. Further, they suggest that muscle activity may not explain changes in metabolic cost as completely as previously thought. Additional mechanisms such as more subtle features of arm muscle activity, changes in activity of other muscles, and/or more efficient neural processes may also underlie the reduction in metabolic cost during motor learning.
Otx2 cell-autonomously determines dorsal mesencephalon versus cerebellum fate independently of isthmic organizing activity

During embryonic development, the rostral neuroectoderm is regionalized into broad areas that are subsequently subdivided into progenitor compartments with specialized identity and fate. These events are controlled by signals emitted by organizing centers and interpreted by target progenitors, which activate superimposing waves of intrinsic factors restricting their identity and fate. The transcription factor Otx2 plays a crucial role in mesencephalic development by positioning the midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) and its organizing activity. Here, we investigated whether Otx2 is cell-autonomously required to control identity and fate of dorsal mesencephalic progenitors. With this aim, we have inactivated Otx2 in the Pax7+ dorsal mesencephalic domain, previously named m1, without affecting MHB integrity. We found that the Pax7+ m1 domain can be further subdivided into a dorsal Zic1+ m1a and a ventral Zic1- m1b sub-domain. Loss of Otx2 in the m1a (Pax7+ Zic1+) sub-domain impairs the identity and fate of progenitors, which undergo a full switch into a coordinated cerebellum differentiation program. By contrast, in the m1b sub-domain (Pax7+ Zic1-) Otx2 is prevalently required for post-mitotic transition of mesencephalic GABAergic precursors. Moreover, genetic cell fate, BrdU cell labeling and Otx2 conditional inactivation experiments indicate that in Otx2 mutants all ectopic cerebellar cell types, including external granule cell layer (EGL) precursors, originate from the m1a progenitor sub-domain and that reprogramming of mesencephalic precursors into EGL or cerebellar GABAergic progenitors depends on temporal sensitivity to Otx2 ablation. Together, these findings indicate that Otx2 intrinsically controls different aspects of dorsal mesencephalic neurogenesis. In this context, Otx2 is cell-autonomously required in the m1a sub-domain to suppress cerebellar fate and promote mesencephalic differentiation independently of the MHB organizing activity.
Cost-benefit analysis of preventing sudden cardiac deaths with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator versus amiodarone.

OBJECTIVES To conduct a cost-benefit assessment of prevention of sudden cardiac deaths with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) versus amiodarone from the perspective of the health-care systems in the UK and France. METHODS Course after implantation with an ICD or taking amiodarone was modeled using discrete event simulation; 1000 pairs of identical patients were simulated 100 times for each analysis. Rates of life-threatening arrhythmia and death from other causes were assumed identical, but the case fatality of arrhythmia and hospitalization differ between treatments. Rates were based on published data, primarily from the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT). Direct medical costs (in 2004 Euros) and lives saved were estimated over 5 years. The monetary value of a life (UK euro2.1 million, France euro2.0 million) was applied to this benefit and examined relative to the net investment required. RESULTS ICDs decreased deaths during the 5 years from 37.0% to 29.7% at a net cost of euro26,222 to euro20,008 per patient, yielding cost-benefit ratios of 0.17 (UK) and 0.14 (France)-more than a 5 to 1 return on investment. Sensitivity analyses showed ICDs represent value for money whenever a life is valued at least at euro274,000. CONCLUSION In these European countries where society values a life at more than euro2 million, ICDs are a worthwhile investment compared with amiodarone for primary prevention of sudden cardiac deaths in patients with heart failure.
Influences of Tape Thickness on the Properties of Ag-Sheathed Sr1-xKxFe2 As2 Superconducting Tapes

In this paper, the relationships between transport <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$J_{{\rm{c}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the core density and texture are systematically studied by fabricating silver sheathed Sr <sub>1-x</sub>K<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub> superconducting tapes with different thickness. The cores densities increase when the tape thickness decreases to 0.5 mm. But the core density of 0.4 mm tapes is the same with that of the 0.5 mm ones as the core density has been saturated in such rolling deformation. However, there is a positive correlation between the transport <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$J_{{\rm{c}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and texture of superconducting tapes. We conclude that the core density and the texture have a combined influence on the final performance of tapes and the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $J_{{\rm{c}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of iron-based superconducting tapes can be further improved by increasing the texture degree when the core density saturated within the experimental conditions.
All online friends are not created equal: discovering influence structure in online social networks

Online social networking services generate an online map of socially connected individuals. All online friends are not created equal. Despite similarity in information exposure, two different online contacts of an individual may exert significantly different influence. First, online contacts of a user could be grouped into different categories, between which the strength of influence differs. Second, ties within each category also differ. A Bayesian model is proposed to describe and estimate the influence structure on top of the network structure taking both user-reported categories and behavior observation into consideration. Our results show that there is significant heterogeneity in the social influence structure. We further identify how individual-level influence structure relates to other user characteristics.
Management, Measurement and Cultural Change in the English Further Education College: 1963-1993.

Further education (FE) colleges in England were statutorily ‘cut free’ from local education authority (LEA) control in 1992. This article, however, primarily considers changes within FE in the 30 years before this ‘incorporation’ of FE colleges, as well as debates that followed. It argues that the post-1992 changes were immanent in economic and social forces that had coalesced during the 1970s. FE and LEA relations altered decisively during the 1960s with the LEA grip on colleges slipping, and most principals were powerful figures by the end of that decade with colleges generally having developed significant administrative systems. During the 1980s performance indicators began to drive the educational process as quality assurance approaches derived from industry took grip. These were accompanied by a marketing approach that primed the colleges for competition. There was, by the mid-1980s, an established culture of managerialism and performativity that permeated FE. The post-incorporation years would witne.
DIETs: Recommender Systems for Mobile API Developers

The increasing number of posts related to mobile app development indicates unaddressed problems in the usage of mobile APIs. Arguing that these problems result from in- adequate documentation and shortcomings in the design and implementation of the APIs, the goal of this research is to develop and evaluate two developers' issues elimination tools (DIETs) for mobile API developers to diminish the problems of mobile applications (apps) development.After categorizing the problems, we investigate their causes, by exploring the relationships between the topics and trends of posts on Stack Overflow, the app developers' experience, the API and test code, and its changes. The results of these studies will be used to develop two DIETs that support API developers to improve the documentation, design, and implementation of their APIs.
Retrieving Passages Describing Experimental Methods using Ontology and Term Relevance based Query Matching

With the increasing amount of published articles in the biomedical domain, text mining has emerged as a significant research area to extract biologically crucial information such as protein-protein interactions from the scientific literature. The reliability of the extracted protein-protein interactions depends on the methods used to experimentally verify them. We participated in the Collaborative Biocurator Assistant Task (BioC) of the BioCreative V challenge assessment by developing an experimental method detection module as part of the collaborative BioC-compatible text mining system to assist biocurators. Unlike most previous studies, besides identifying the experimental methods in an article, we also target identifying the passages where they are described. Our approach is based on query matching, where the queries are generated using the terms in the PSI-MI ontology and expanded with the most salient terms for each experimental method using the term frequency-relevance frequency (tf.rf) metric over our manually annotated data set.
Interpretation of Compound Nominalisations using Corpus and Web Statistics

We present two novel paraphrase tests for automatically predicting the inherent semantic relation of a given compound nominalisation as one of subject, direct object, or prepositional object. We compare these to the usual verb-argument paraphrase test using corpus statistics, and frequencies obtained by scraping the Google search engine interface. We also implemented a more robust statistical measure than maximum likelihood estimation --- the confidence interval. A significant reduction in data sparseness was achieved, but this alone is insufficient to provide a substantial performance improvement.
A complex interplay between religion, gender and marginalization: Pakistani schoolgirls in Hong Kong

This article investigates the complex interplay between religion, gender and marginalization among a group of Pakistani schoolgirls in Hong Kong. It is found that the participants experience multiple marginalization and develop various strategies against disadvantageous positions. It is also found that, while the Pakistani girls attempt to extricate themselves from the gendered practices in their heritage culture and its customs that marginalize and confine women, they simultaneously seek to establish an Islamic or Muslim identity that differentiates them from local girls. It argues that, while mainstream culture has, to a certain extent, released Pakistani girls from the oppression and pressure of religion and customs, they have not been provided sufficient guidance to realize their dreams, making the release temporary and uncertain. The implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Cultural policy in Spain: processes and dialectics

The redistribution of powers concerning cultural policy corresponds to a specific historical trajectory as well as to political and commercial dynamics. Thirty years since the 1978 Constitution, Spain is a quasi-federal state. Their cultural life and policies have expanded and have been decentralized. The redistribution process is a result of the search of effectiveness confronted with the question of the legitimization of power. Legitimacy is a permanent theme of debate as well as a discursive and strategic instrument between institutional actors, and it sheds light on the apparent inconsistencies of the multi-level governance of cultural policies. To study the different aspects of these relationships, the article principally focuses on three areas. The first is an institutional analysis, which allows us to determine the place of each institutional actor within the network of cultural policies as well as the horizontal and vertical interactions. The second is an analysis of the public financing of culture, which permits us to measure the quantitative impact of cultural policies within the centre–periphery dynamic. The third is an analysis of public policies, which allows a comparative approach to the dynamics of the autonomous community regime. The dialectic between differentiation and standardization, a mark of cultural policies modernity in the context of centre–periphery relationships, is a result of the pressure from the main players on the different Spanish cultural and territorial markets. Examples of “good practices” mimicry as well as of “new” pattern models, like the new Arts Council of Catalonia, are used to expose the non-existence of a formal Spanish model of cultural policy, but shows the process of innovation-reply product strategies, and the dialectic between political autonomy and homogenization processes.
Emergence of primate genes by retrotransposon-mediated sequence transduction

Gene duplication is one of the most important mechanisms for creating new genes and generating genomic novelty. Retrotransposon-mediated sequence transduction (i.e., the process by which a retrotransposon carries flanking sequence during its mobilization) has been proposed as a gene duplication mechanism. L1 exon shuffling potential has been reported in cell culture assays, and two potential L1-mediated exon shuffling events have been identified in the genome. SVA is the youngest retrotransposon family in primates and is capable of 3′ flanking sequence transduction during retrotransposition. In this study, we examined all of the full-length SVA elements in the human genome to assess the frequency and impact of SVA-mediated 3′ sequence transduction. Our results showed that ≈53 kb of genomic sequences have been duplicated by 143 different SVA-mediated transduction events. In particular, we identified one group of SVA elements that duplicated the entire AMAC gene three times in the human genome through SVA-mediated transduction events, which happened before the divergence of humans and African great apes. In addition to the original AMAC gene, the three transduced AMAC copies contain intact ORFs in the human genome, and at least two are actively transcribed in different human tissues. The duplication of entire genes and the creation of previously undescribed gene families through retrotransposon-mediated sequence transduction represent an important mechanism by which mobile elements impact their host genomes.
Neuropsychiatric findings of Möbius sequence – a review

Möbius sequence is a rare condition of heterogeneous, and in most cases, unclear; origin, usually defined as a unilateral or bilateral congenital facial weakness with impairment of ocular abduction, which is frequently associated with limb anomalies. Disturbances in psychomotor and speech development are very common, and mental retardation is estimated to occur in 10–15% of cases. The incidence of autistic spectrum disorders might be increased in patients with Möbius sequence. After a brief overview on aetiology and physical appearance, current knowledge of cognitive capacities and academic achievement; psychomotor development; development of speech, language and communication; behaviour problems; psychiatric comorbidity and possible therapeutic interventions are reviewed.
Fast name lookup for Named Data Networking

Complex name constitution plus huge-sized name routing table makes wire speed name lookup a challenging task in Named Data Networking. To overcome this challenge, we propose two techniques to significantly speed up the lookup process. First, we look up name prefixes in an order based on the distribution of prefix length in the forwarding table, which can find the longest match much faster than the linear search of current prototype CCNx. The search order can be dynamically adjusted as the forwarding table changes. Second, we propose a new near-perfect hash table data structure that combines many small sparse perfect hash tables into a larger dense one while keeping the worst-case access time of O(1) and supporting fast update. Also the hash table stores the signature of a key instead of the key itself, which further improves lookup speed and reduces memory use.
Communication and organizational commitment: Perceived organizational support as a mediating factor

This study examines links between communication, organizational commitment, and perceived organizational support using questionnaire data gathered from 244 university employees. Employee perceptions regarding the top management‐employee communication relationship, the quality of top management's communication, and superior‐subordinate communication were strongly related to organizational commitment. Perceived organizational support was influenced by the top management‐employee communication relationship and the quality of co‐worker's and top management's communication. Perceived support mediated the co‐worker communication‐commitment relationships.