Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The longevity of general purpose Wizard-of-Oz tools

The Wizard-of-Oz method has been around for decades, allowing researchers and practitioners to conduct prototyping without programming. An extensive literature review conducted by the authors revealed, however, that the re-usable tools supporting the method did not seem to last more than a few years. While generic systems start to appear around the turn of the millennium, most have already fallen out of use. Our interest in undertaking this review was inspired by the ongoing re-development of our own Wizard-of-Oz tool, the Ozlab, into a system based on web technology. We found three factors that arguably explain why Ozlab is still in use after 15 years instead of the two-three years lifetime of other generic systems: the general approach used from its inception; its inclusion in introductory HCI curricula, and the flexible and situation-dependent design of the wizard's user interface.
Reconciling race and class differences in self-reported and official estimates of delinquency.

This paper addresses the general question of whether or not the satisfactory resolution of the methodological criticisms of self-report research will result in greater consistency between self-reported and official data with respect to the race and class distributions of delinquent behavior. We review the specific methodological criticisms of self-report delinquency (SRD) research; discuss the use of a new SRD measure in a national youth study; compare the race/class findings of this study with previous SRD research and with official arrest data; and examine the epidemiological and theoretical implications of these findings. Both class and race differentials are found in this study. It appears likely that the differences between these findings and those in earlier SRD studies are a result of differences in the specific SRD measures used. Additionally, these findings suggest a logical connection between SRD and official measures, and they provide some insight into the mechanism whereby official data produce more extreme race and class (as well as age and sex) differences than do self-report measures. The results of this study also have implications for previous tests of theoretical propositions which used self-report delinquency data. In short, prior self-report measures may not have been sensitive enough to capture the theoretically important differences in delinquency involvement.
Contrast-to-noise based metric of denoising algorithms for liver vein segmentation

We analyse CT image denoising when applied to vessel segmentation. Proposed semi-global quality metric based on the contrast-to-noise ratio allowed us to estimate initial image quality and efficiency of denoising procedures without prior knowledge about a noise-free image. We show that the total variance filtering in L1 metric provides the best denoising when compared to other well-known denoising procedures such as non-local means denoising or anisotropic diffusion. Computational complexity of this denoising algorithm is addressed by comparing its implementation for Intel MIC and for NVIDIA CUDA HPC systems.
Content Validation of the Comprehension of Written Grammar Assessment for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students

Content validation is a crucial, but often neglected, component of good test development. In the present study, content validity evidence was collected to determine the degree to which elements (e.g., grammatical structures, items, picture responses, administration, and scoring instructions) of the Comprehension of Written Grammar (CWG) test are representative of the construct of interest and appropriate for deaf and/or hard of hearing (DHH) students. Using 10 subject matter experts (SMEs) and the Content Validity Index, the quantitative findings showed general support for the content validity of elements of the CWG in assessing the written grammar comprehension of DHH students. Suggested revisions to the test, based on the feedback provided by the SMEs, are discussed.
Involvement of CD4+ Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Persistence of Leishmania donovani in the Liver of Alymphoplastic aly/aly Mice

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic and fatal disease in humans and dogs caused by the intracellular protozoan parasites, Leishmania donovani and L. infantum (L. chagasi). Relapse of disease is frequent in immunocompromised patients, in which the number of VL cases has been increasing recently. The present study is aimed to improve the understanding of mechanisms of L. donovani persistence in immunocompromised conditions using alymphoplastic aly/aly mice. Hepatic parasite burden, granuloma formation and induction of regulatory T cells were determined for up to 7 months after the intravenous inoculation with L. donovani promastigotes. While control aly/+ mice showed a peak of hepatic parasite growth at 4 weeks post infection (WPI) and resolved the infection by 8 WPI, aly/aly mice showed a similar peak in hepatic parasite burden but maintained persistent in the chronic phase of infection, which was associated with delayed and impaired granuloma maturation. Although hepatic CD4+Foxp3+ but not CD8+Foxp3+ T cells were first detected at 4 WPI in both strains of mice, the number of CD4+Foxp3+ T cells was significantly increased in aly/aly mice from 8 WPI. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of Foxp3+ T cells in L. donovani–induced hepatic granulomas and perivascular neo-lymphoid aggregates. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of mature granulomas collected by laser microdissection revealed the correlation of Foxp3 and IL-10 mRNA level. Furthermore, treatment of infected aly/aly mice with anti-CD25 or anti-FR4 mAb resulted in significant reductions in both hepatic Foxp3+ cells and parasite burden. Thus, we provide the first evidence that CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs mediate L. donovani persistence in the liver during VL in immunodeficient murine model, a result that will help to establish new strategies of immunotherapy against this intracellular protozoan pathogen.
Inferring Segmented Dense Motion Layers Using 5D Tensor Voting

We present a novel local spatiotemporal approach to produce motion segmentation and dense temporal trajectories from an image sequence. A common representation of image sequences is a 3D spatiotemporal volume, (x,y,t), and its corresponding mathematical formalism is the fiber bundle. However, directly enforcing the spatiotemporal smoothness constraint is difficult in the fiber bundle representation. Thus, we convert the representation into a new 5D space (x,y,t,vx,vy) with an additional velocity domain, where each moving object produces a separate 3D smooth layer. The smoothness constraint is now enforced by extracting 3D layers using the tensor voting framework in a single step that solves both correspondence and segmentation simultaneously. Motion segmentation is achieved by identifying those layers, and the dense temporal trajectories are obtained by converting the layers back into the fiber bundle representation. We proceed to address three applications (tracking, mosaic, and 3D reconstruction) that are hard to solve from the video stream directly because of the segmentation and dense matching steps, but become straightforward with our framework. The approach does not make restrictive assumptions about the observed scene or camera motion and is therefore generally applicable. We present results on a number of data sets.
Novice Diagnostic Reasoning in Medicine: Accounting for Evidence

This study investigated the strategies used by beginning, intermediate, and advanced medical students when solving clinical cases containing inconsistent data. Written clinical cases were used in which the initial patient data suggested a very common and prototypical disease. Subsequent data in the cases were inconsistent with this first suggestion. The cases were presented on a computer so that the subjects had the opportunity to reason aloud about the evidence. Verbal protocols were collected and analyzed. Our results showed that the beginning students generated the suggested hypothesis and either ignored or reinterpreted the inconsistent evidence to fit their initial hypotheses. Advanced novices generated several hypotheses with a similar underlying problem; this allowed them to narrow their initial hypothesis set in the face of inconsistent evidence and make fewer data reinterpretations. Intermediate novices showed a similar pattern but failed to change their hypotheses with inconsistent data. They ma.
Leading with Emancipatory Intent

The ‘moral imperative’ of school leadership has been identified as seeking to bring about social justice in ensuring all children are given the opportunity to succeed in education. Empirical research among 18 headteachers in a single local education authority in the English Midlands shows that some headteachers simultaneously work within a managerialist system and beyond it to promote people-oriented values. Eight approaches to pupil diversity are identified here that demonstrate the degree to which some headteachers are willing to resist aspects of managerialism to ensure that diversity is not only catered for but is also celebrated. Headteachers are shown to draw on their personal values and histories in their exercise of headship.
Decomposing time-lapse paintings into layers

The creation of a painting, in the physical world or digitally, is a process that occurs over time. Later strokes cover earlier strokes, and strokes painted at a similar time are likely to be part of the same object. In the final painting, this temporal history is lost, and a static arrangement of color is all that remains. The rich literature for interacting with image editing history cannot be used. To enable these interactions, we present a set of techniques to decompose a time lapse video of a painting (defined generally to include pencils, markers, etc.) into a sequence of translucent "stroke" images. We present translucency-maximizing solutions for recovering physical (Kubelka and Munk layering) or digital (Porter and Duff "over" blending operation) paint parameters from before/after image pairs. We also present a pipeline for processing real-world videos of paintings capable of handling long-term occlusions, such as the painter's hand and its shadow, color shifts, and noise.
Creating a Family-Like Ninth-Grade Environment Through Interdisciplinary Teaming

This qualitative multisite case study examined how three high schools within one large urban district supported ninth-grade students’ needs through interdisciplinary teaming. Data collected during the 2006-2007 school year included observations, interviews, and archival evidence of 67 participants. Findings suggest teacher communication as a result of teaming may provide the teacher support and individualized student attention necessary to foster a family-like ninth-grade environment that meets student and teacher needs. School personnel reported more benefits of teaming for teachers and students than students did. Issues with implementation limited how well teaming was able to meet student needs.
Application of Linear Logic to Web Service Composition

In this paper, we propose a method for automated web service composition by applying Linear Logic (LL) theorem proving. We distinguish value-added web services and core service by assuming that the core service is already selected by the user, but its functionality does not completely match the user’s requirement. Our method enables automation for combining the core service together with a set of value-added services to solve the problem. The method uses web service languages for external presentation of atomic web services (WSDL) or composite web services (BPEL4WS), while the services are internally presented by extralogical axioms and proofs in LL. In this paper, we are focused on the internal presentation and proof. LL, as the internal representation language, enables us to define some issues required by web service composition formally, such as qualitative and quantitative constraints plus subsumption reasoning on concepts. In addition, LL guarantees the correctness and completeness of service composition process.
Compositional Program Synthesis from Natural Language and Examples

Compositionality is a fundamental notion in computation whereby complex abstractions can be constructed from simpler ones, yet this property has so far escaped the paradigm of end-user programming from examples or natural language. Existing approaches restrict end users to only give holistic specifications of tasks, which limits the expressivity and scalability of these approaches to relatively simple programs in very restricted domains. In this paper we propose Compositional Program Synthesis (CPS): an approach in which tasks can be specified in a compositional manner through a combination of natural language and examples. We present a domain-agnostic program synthesis algorithm and demonstrate its application to an expressive string manipulation language. We evaluate our approach on complex tasks from online help forums that are beyond the scope of current state-ofthe-art methods.
An Empirical Analysis of Consumer Purchase Decisions Under Bucket-Based Price Discrimination

Bucket-based price discrimination is a unique price format that involves monthly subscription fees and instantaneous quotas the number of rental products that can be checked out. We propose an empirical model in which consumers make dynamic purchase decisions under consumption uncertainty, accounting for the constraints imposed by the instantaneous quota. Applying the model to an online DVD rental data set, we find that 1 consumers incur a large disutility â¼$8 from stockout i.e., unmet consumption needs; 2 such a disutility drives consumers' overpurchase of the service quota as a way to avoid potential stockout situations; and 3 the dynamics of overpurchase are driven by the interplay between trends in consumption needs and the magnitude of consumers' plan-switching costs. We run counterfactual exercises to better understand how the instantaneous quota and stockout risk affect consumers' consumption rates, purchase decisions, and firm profitability. We find that the instantaneous quota induces a greater stockout compared with a monthly quota. We further demonstrate that the company should recognize the drivers of the dynamics in overpurchase to balance short-and long-term profitability-for example, by offering targeted discounts to customers with excess overpurchase.
Production of mucoid exopolysaccharide during development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms

Production of mucoid exopolysaccharide by planktonic, chemostat-derived, and adherent Pseudomonas aeruginosa 579 bacteria was separately monitored for 7 days by using a lacZ-algD promoter-reporter gene and assays of total carbohydrate and metabolic activity. Mucoid exopolysaccharide production was transiently elevated following adherence but declined to planktonic levels by day 7.
Development of an Adverse Drug Reaction Risk Assessment Score among Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a major burden on the healthcare system. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are particularly vulnerable to ADRs because they are usually on multiple drug regimens, have multiple comorbidities, and because of alteration in their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic parameters. Therefore, one step towards reducing this burden is to identify patients who are at increased risk of an ADR. Objective To develop a method of identifying CKD patients who are at increased risk for experiencing ADRs during hospitalisation. Materials and Methods Factors associated with ADRs were identified by using demographic, clinical and laboratory variables of patients with CKD stages 3 to 5 (estimated glomerular filtration rate, 10–59 ml/min/1.73 m2) who were admitted between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2012, to the renal unit of Dubai Hospital. An ADR risk score was developed by constructing a series of logistic regression models. The overall model performance for sequential models was evaluated using Akaike Information Criterion for goodness of fit. Odd ratios of the variables retained in the best model were used to compute the risk scores. Results Of 512 patients (mean [SD] age, 60 [16] years), 62 (12.1%) experienced an ADR during their hospitalisation. An ADR risk score included age 65 years or more, female sex, conservatively managed end-stage renal disease, vascular disease, serum level of C-reactive protein more than 10 mg/L, serum level of albumin less than 3.5 g/dL, and the use of 8 medications or more during hospitalization. The C statistic, which assesses the ability of the risk score to predict ADRs, was 0.838; 95% CI, 0.784–0.892). Conclusion A score using routinely available patient data can be used to identify CKD patients who are at increased risk of ADRs.
Rician noise removal in MR images using an adaptive trilateral filter

Noise removal in MR images has been challenging due to the unpleasant noise with a Rician distribution, which is signal dependent. Denoising of MR images is of importance for subsequent diagnoses and analyses, such as tissue classification, segmentation, and registration. We propose a post-acquisition denoising algorithm to adequately and adaptively remove the random fluctuations and bias introduced by Rician noise. The proposed filter consists of geometric, radiometric, and median-metric components that replaces the intensity value with an weighted average between neighboring pixels associated with an entropy function. In addition, a parameter automation mechanism is proposed to reduce the burden of laborious interventions through a fuzzy membership function, which adaptively responses to local intensity difference. Quantitatively and qualitatively experimental results indicate that this new filter outperformed several existing methods in providing greater noise reduction and clearer structure boundaries in a variety of MR images.
Hematological Malignancy Immunodeficiency Virus Infection or Pneumonia in Patients with Human Pneumocystis jirovecii Diagnosis ofd-Glucan as a Tool for β Serum ( 1-3 )

Published Ahead of Print 21 October 2009. 10.1128/JCM.01756-09. 2009, 47(12):3871. DOI: J. Clin. Microbiol. Katrien Lagrou Meersseman, Britt Van Meensel, Johan Van Eldere and Jan Verhaegen, Eric Verbeken, Paul De Munter, Wouter Stefanie Desmet, Eric Van Wijngaerden, Johan Maertens, Hematological Malignancy Immunodeficiency Virus Infection or Pneumonia in Patients with Human Pneumocystis jirovecii Diagnosis of -d-Glucan as a Tool for β Serum (1-3)-
Neoliberal Economic Policies and the Potential for Electoral Change in Mexico

Se utilizan encuestas nacionales efectuadas por Prospectiva Estrategica en 1989 y 1991 para examinar los determinantes y las consecuencias electorales de las actitudes de los ciudadanos mexicanos hacia las politicas neoliberales y el Tratado de Libre Comercio. La transicion politicas neoliberales ha dividido al pueblo mexicano segun clases sociales y partidos politicos. El Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) todavia dispone de amplios recursos politicos para atraer a los votantes mas independientes. Sin embargo, la apertura de la economia hace al PRI mas vulnerable a los efectos politicos de los impactos economicos.
Psychosocial factors related to mental distress among Norwegian adolescents

Objective: to investigate psychosocial factors associated with mental distress among adolescents. Methods: a questionnaire survey was conducted in nine secondary schools (n = 740) and three high schools (n = 548). The sample consisted of 1288 adolescents. Results: females reported more mental distress than males. Illicit substance use and peer social status of deviant behaviours was positively related to mental distress among males, whereas the status of attractiveness was positively associated with mental distress among females. Conclusions: interventions could focus on school problem behaviours, substance use and peer social status factors. The interventions should be targeted to gender-specific risk factors.
A 38- to 40-GHz Current-Reused Active Phase Shifter Based on the Coupled Resonator

A 38- to 40-GHz current-reused active phase shifter based on a coupled resonator is proposed. The coupled resonator is used to increase the phase-shifting range and reduce the gain variation along with the phase-shifting value. The digital controlled artificial dielectric transmission lines are used instead of varactors to achieve high quality and directly digital control, and a current reuse technique is employed to reduce the power consumption. Implemented in 65-nm CMOS, the phase shifter occupies a chip area of 0.16 mm2 without pads and consumes a 6.6 mA current from a 1.0 V power supply. Measured results show that the gain variation of the phase shifter is less than 1 dB over 38-40 GHz while achieving the 90 ° phase-shifting range.
Island-based differential evolution with panmictic migration for multi-core CPUs

A new concurrent version of a recently-developed evolutionary algorithm, namely Differential Evolution (DE), is proposed for multi-core CPUs. The proposed concurrent DE is called Island-based DE (IbDE). That is because the population of IbDE is divided into several sub-populations, or islands, in according to the distributed population model. In order to exchange information between islands, a new technique named “panmictic migration” is proposed. Furthermore, a simple but effective technique named “round trip” is employed for updating the respective islands. Through the numerical experiments and the statistical tests conducted on benchmark problems, it is shown that IbDE outperforms the canonical DE and the conventional concurrent DE based on the panmictic population model with respect to both the quality of solutions and the execution time.
A Dynamic Adaptive Mesh Library Based on Stellar Operators

Abstract In this paper, we present a dynamic adaptive mesh library which maintains a conforming triangulation of time-varying surfaces. The user supplies an initial mesh, a surface sampling procedure, and a set of adaptation criteria. The mesh is automatically modified in order to conform to user-defined characteristics, while the surface changes over time. The mesh representation is based on a half-edge data structure without any extra storage requirements. The mesh has an underlying semiregular multiresolution structure. Furthermore, the specification of desired mesh characteristics can be based on very general adaptation rules. This scheme facilitates the development of graphics applications that manipulate triangulated surfaces. The library source code is available online.
The collective endorsement of James Meredith: Initiating a leader identity construction process

DeRue and Ashford (2010) proposed a social process of leadership identity construction, asserting that leadership identity is co-constructed by way of claims and grants of leader and follower identities. In addition, these authors suggested that the collective endorsement of the broader social context might serve as a catalyst to initiate the leader identity construction process. As a result, they called for qualitative studies to further develop this idea. During archival research of James Meredith’s historic integration of the University of Mississippi, we discovered evidence to support and extend their theoretical arguments. Accordingly, we interpret the archival evidence of support and opposition of Meredith’s defiant integration to contrast the leader identity construction processes of Meredith with his contemporary antagonist, former Mississippi Governor Ross Barnett. We use this analysis to illustrate how the distinctive social context broadly recognized the key element of defiance and collectively endorsed Meredith as a leader, thereby initiating his leader identity construction process.