Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DTN overlay on OLSR network

Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are characterized by frequent and unpredictable disconnections, due to mobility, interference, power management or any other issues. Such disconnections result in the failure of MANET routing protocols that are designed to establish end-to-end paths between the communicating nodes. This work focuses on enhancing the performance of MANETs by integrating MANET routing using Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) based store and forwarding. Further, we provide support for device heterogeneity by not requiring all the nodes in the network to be DTN capable. The non-DTN capable nodes can use the store and forward functionality of other DTN nodes in the network to combat the effect of network partitioning. We define a DTN-based OLSR, DTS-OLSR, with a new routing and discovery mechanism based on Structured Mesh Overlay Network (SMON) to fulfill the objectives. As a proof of concept, we implement DTS-OLSR where it is demonstrated that our scheme is successful in dealing with the problem of network partitioning. Our architecture mainly targets networks that can tolerate delay but require high reliability such as an ad hoc network constructed in an emergency scenario.
Clustering the Space of Phrases Identified by an Ensemble of Supervised Shallow Parsers

We present a novel method for clustering syntactic structures in raw text. The method involves first generating an ensemble of clas-sifiers, by training a statistical parser on samples from the training data. Then, the clas-sifier outputs for each instance are used as input for clustering. The resulting clusters group together instances whose internal representations in the statistical model are similar , and therefore depend on the feature set it uses. We apply our method to the simple task of clustering noun phrases. Experiments show that most encouraging results are obtained when the training samples are small. Possible applications of the method include speeding up error analysis of a supervised system, and adapting a supervised system to a new domain.
Distributed minimum-time weight balancing over digraphs

We address the weight-balancing problem for a distributed system whose components (nodes) can exchange information via interconnection links (edges) that form an arbitrary, possibly directed, communication topology (digraph). A weighted digraph is balanced if, for each node, the sum of the weights of the edges outgoing from that node is equal to the sum of the weights of the edges incoming to that node. Weight-balanced digraphs play a key role in a variety of applications, such as coordination of groups of robots, distributed decision making, and distributed averaging which is important for a wide range of applications in signal processing. We propose a distributed algorithm for solving the weight balancing problem in a minimum number of iterations, when the weights are nonnegative real numbers. We also provide examples to corroborate the proposed algorithm.
A Transient Rise in Tropical Sea Surface Temperature During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) has been attributed to a rapid rise in greenhouse gas levels. If so, warming should have occurred at all latitudes, although amplified toward the poles. Existing records reveal an increase in high-latitude sea surface temperatures (SSTs) (8° to 10°C) and in bottom water temperatures (4° to 5°C). To date, however, the character of the tropical SST response during this event remains unconstrained. Here we address this deficiency by using paired oxygen isotope and minor element (magnesium/calcium) ratios of planktonic foraminifera from a tropical Pacific core to estimate changes in SST. Using mixed-layer foraminifera, we found that the combined proxies imply a 4° to 5°C rise in Pacific SST during the PETM. These results would necessitate a rise in atmospheric pCO2 to levels three to four times as high as those estimated for the late Paleocene.
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, ORGANIZATIONAL CONTACTS AND COMMUNICATION POWER IN GROOMING PROFESSIONALS FOR CAREER SUCCESS

Networks, contacts and power are very important for career success. As such this article tries to (a) find out the use of social network sites for social and/or professional purposes, (b) examine the differences between the internal contact and the external contact used by employees, (c) ascertain the differences between information power and relational power used, and (d) analyze the relationships between communication networks, organizational contacts and communication power with career success. The study employed a quantitative research design. A total of 308 middle-level management officers were surveyed, using a questionnaire as the research instrument for data collection. Findings revealed that the employees used mainly email, Facebook and Twitter. They used social networking sites more for social networking than for professional networking. Generally, the employees used more of the internal contacts than the external contacts. However, the employees perceived that they were equally capable of having information power and relational power. Nonetheless, the findings also showed that career success was predicted by information power, external contacts, social networking use, and relational power. Therefore, career success encompasses both what you know and whom you know to climb up the career ladder for successful accomplishment at the workplace.
Direct analysis of drug candidates in tissue by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has been used to directly analyze and image pharmaceutical compounds in intact tissue. The anti-tumor drug SCH 226374 was unambiguously determined in mouse tumor tissue using MALDI-QqTOFMS (QSTAR) by monitoring the dissociation of the protonated drug at m/z 695.4 to its predominant fragment at m/z 228.1. A second drug, compound A, was detected in slices of rat brain tissue following oral administration with doses ranging from 1-25 mg/kg. Quantitation of compound A from whole brain homogenates using routine high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) procedures revealed that concentrations of the drug in whole brain varied from a low of 24 ng/g to a high of 1790 ng/g. The drug candidate was successfully detected by MALDI-QqTOF in samples from each dose, covering a range of approximately two orders of magnitude. In addition, good correlation was observed between the MALDI-QqTOFMS intensities at each dose with the HPLC/MS/MS results. Thus the MALDI-MS response is proportional to the amount of drug in tissue. Custom software was developed to facilitate the imaging of small molecules in tissue using the MALDI-QqTOF mass spectrometer. Images revealing the spatial localization of SCH 226374 in tumor tissue and compound A in brain tissue were acquired.
Comparison of measurements and simulation model of indoor signal level variation in LTE networks

This paper describes the measurements of the signal level changes in LTE networks in different indoor conditions and compares them with OMNeT++ simulation scenarios. The simulation models are matched with the measurements to have the same average signal level for stationary client. Next the mobility model is applied in the simulation and compared with the measurements of the user moving within a building. The comparison has been executed for signal level changes for mobile phones and tablets in three indoor usage scenarios: stationary, office and home mobility. The results show that the popular mobility and signal propagation models give a significantly different variance of the changes of signal level compared with the measurements and are not correctly representing the variance caused by indoor fading.
In Vivo Monitoring of mRNA Movement in Drosophila Body Wall Muscle Cells Reveals the Presence of Myofiber Domains

Background In skeletal muscle each muscle cell, commonly called myofiber, is actually a large syncytium containing numerous nuclei. Experiments in fixed myofibers show that mRNAs remain localized around the nuclei in which they are produced. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study we generated transgenic flies that allowed us to investigate the movement of mRNAs in body wall myofibers of living Drosophila embryos. We determined the dynamic properties of GFP-tagged mRNAs using in vivo confocal imaging and photobleaching techniques and found that the GFP-tagged mRNAs are not free to move throughout myofibers. The restricted movement indicated that body wall myofibers consist of three domains. The exchange of mRNAs between the domains is relatively slow, but the GFP-tagged mRNAs move rapidly within these domains. One domain is located at the centre of the cell and is surrounded by nuclei while the other two domains are located at either end of the fiber. To move between these domains mRNAs have to travel past centrally located nuclei. Conclusions/Significance These data suggest that the domains made visible in our experiments result from prolonged interactions with as yet undefined structures close to the nuclei that prevent GFP-tagged mRNAs from rapidly moving between the domains. This could be of significant importance for the treatment of myopathies using regenerative cell-based therapies.
Using Aspects for Platform-Independent to Platform-Dependent Model Transformations

This paper presents an aspect-based approach for realizing a transformation from platform-independent to platform-dependent models in the context of a model transformation chain that generates queueing-based performance models from UML design models of serviceoriented applications. The purpose of generating such performance models is to evaluate the performance of the system under development in the early software lifecycle phases, in order to insure that it will meet the performance requirements. The paper presents the model transformation chain PUMA4SOA, which transforms automatically a UML model of a service-oriented architecture (SOA) system extended with MARTE performance annotations into an intermediate model, Core Scenario Model (CSM), which in turn is used to generate a Layered Queueing Network (LQN) performance model. Aspect-oriented modeling is used to represent different services offered by the underlying SOA platform to the SOA application. The paper discusses and compares different alternatives for composing the platform aspect models with the platform-independent model (PIM) of the application throughout the model transformation chain.
Negative gravitactic behavior of Caenorhabditis japonica dauer larvae

SUMMARY Gravity on Earth is a constant stimulus and many organisms are able to perceive and respond to it. However, there is no clear evidence that nematodes respond to gravity. In this study, we demonstrated negative gravitaxis in a nematode using dauer larvae (DL) of Caenorhabditis japonica, which form an association with their carrier insect Parastrachia japonensis. Caenorhabditis japonica DL demonstrating nictation, a typical host-finding behavior, had a negative gravitactic behavior, whereas non-nictating C. japonica and C. elegans DL did not. The negative gravitactic index of nictating DL collected from younger nematode cultures was higher than that from older cultures. After a 24 h incubation in M9 buffer, nictating DL did not alter their negative gravitactic behavior, but a longer incubation resulted in less pronounced negative gravitaxis. These results are indicative of negative gravitaxis in nictating C. japonica DL, which is maintained once initiated, seems to be affected by the age of DL and does not appear to be a simple passive mechanism.
Application of Ionic Liquids in Hydrometallurgy

Ionic liquids, low temperature molten salts, have various advantages manifesting themselves as durable and environmentally friendly solvents. Their application is expanding into various fields including hydrometallurgy due to their unique properties such as non-volatility, inflammability, low toxicity, good ionic conductivity, and wide electrochemical potential window. This paper reviews previous literatures and our recent results adopting ionic liquids in extraction, synthesis and processing of metals with an emphasis on the electrolysis of active/light, rare earth, and platinum group metals. Because the research and development of ionic liquids in this area are still emerging, various, more fundamental approaches are expected to popularize ionic liquids in the metal manufacturing industry.
Missed Diagnosis of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Emergency Department

Background and Purpose— Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can be devastating, yet its initial presentation may be limited to common symptoms and subtle signs, potentially leading to misdiagnosis. Little is known about population rates of misdiagnosis of SAH, or hospital factors that may contribute to it. We estimated the population-based rate of missed SAH among emergency department (ED) patients and examined its relationship with hospital characteristics. Methods— We studied persons admitted with a nontraumatic SAH to all Ontario hospitals over 3 years (April 2002 to March 2005). SAH was defined as missed if the patient had an ED visit related to the SAH (based on a prespecified definition) in the 14 days before admission. We examined the association between hospital teaching status and missed SAH and explored whether annual ED volume of SAH or CT availability explained this association. Results— Of 1507 patients diagnosed with SAH, 5.4% (95% CI, 4.3 to 6.6) had a missed diagnosis. The risk was significantly higher among patients triaged as low acuity (odds ratio 2.65; 95% CI, 1.46 to 4.80), as well as in nonteaching hospitals (adjusted odds ratio 2.12; 95% CI, 1.02, 4.44). Neither ED SAH volume nor on-site CT availability explained the effect of teaching status. Conclusions— About 1 in 20 SAH patients are missed during an ED visit. Lower acuity patients are at higher risk of misdiagnosis, suggesting the need for heightened suspicion among patients with minimal clinical findings. The risk is also greater in nonteaching hospitals, but this is not explained by the annual volume of SAHs seen in the ED or access to CT.
Vision‐based terrain following for an unmanned rotorcraft

Experiments from biology suggest that the sensing of image motion or optic flow in insects provides a means of determining the range to obstacles and terrain. When combined with a measure of ground speed from another sensor such as global positioning system, optic flow can be used to provide a measure of an aircraft's height above terrain. We apply this principle to the control of height in a helicopter, leading to the first optic flow–based terrain‐following system for an unmanned helicopter. Using feedback of the height estimated from optic flow ranging to the collective pitch control of the helicopter, it has been possible to maintain terrain clearance in flights of up to 2 km. In this paper, we present flight test data demonstrating the successful application of this to an 80‐kg Yamaha RMAX unmanned helicopter and an 8‐kg electric helicopter. To complete this work, we have extended the optic flow image interpolation algorithm (I2A) to include an adaptive capability providing a greater dynamic range. The new algorithm, called the iterative image interpolation algorithm (I2A), exhibits excellent robustness in an outdoor environment and makes it suitable for flight control in a real‐world environment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Texture in tissue echograms. Speckle or information?

Models of biological tissues are described in terms of acoustic parameters and of structure. Beam formation is discussed for continuous wave and pulsed modes of transducer operation and the concept of the point spread function (PSF) is introduced. The PSF is equivalent to the resolution cell, or the sampling volume, of echographic equipment. The generation of echograms from parenchymal tissues is described in terms of speckle formation due to interference at reception on the transducer. The speckle dimensions are quantitatively compared to the sampling volume of the employed transducer. It is shown that for fully developed speckle the tissue characteristics are exclusively reflected in the mean echolevel and not in the speckle size. The speckle size is, however, greatly dependent on the bandwidth, the frequency, and the geometry of the employed transducer. The attenuation by the insonated tissue yields a depth‐dependent increase of mainly the lateral speckle size, in addition to the depth dependence caused by the beam formation. If the number density of scattering sites within the tissue is relatively low, the speckle characteristics are dependent on this density and, hence, tissue characterization is feasible if these characteristics are analyzed by statistical methods. These methods are gray level histogram analysis and the estimation of the autocorrelation function, ie, first and second order statistics, respectively. Structural order in tissues can be quantified by autocorrelation analysis and clinical studies on diffuse liver diseases support this conclusion. The effects of pre‐ and postprocessing on the detectability of focal lesions are outlined. The impact of multifocus systems and of the acquisition of radio frequency echograms on further developments of clinical echography is discussed.
A New Method for Ranking Extreme Efficient DMUs Based on Changing the Reference Set Using L2 - Norm

The purpose of this study is to utilize a new method for ranking extreme efficient decision making units (DMUs) based upon the omission of these efficient DMUs from reference set of inefficient and non-extreme efficient DMUs in data envelopment analysis (DEA) models with constant and variable returns to scale. In this method, an L2- norm is used and it is believed that it doesn't have any existing problems of such methods. Finally, two numerical examples for illustration and comparing the proposed method with other ranking approaches are presented.
Enhancing retrieval with hyperlinks: A general model based on propositional argumentation systems

Fast, effective, and adaptable techniques are needed to automatically organize and retrieve information on the ever-increasing World Wide Web. In that respect, different strategies have been suggested to take hypertext links into account. For example, hyperlinks have been used to (1) enhance document representation, (2) improve document ranking by propagating document score, (3) provide an indicator of popularity, and (4) find hubs and authorities for a given topic. Although the TREC experiments have not demonstrated the usefulness of hyperlinks for retrieval, the hypertext structure is nevertheless an essential aspect of the Web, and as such, should not be ignored. The development of abstract models of the IR task was a key factor to the improvement of search engines. However, at this time conceptual tools for modeling the hypertext retrieval task are lacking, making it difficult to compare, improve, and reason on the existing techniques. This article proposes a general model for using hyperlinks based on Probabilistic Argumentation Systems, in which each of the above-mentioned techniques can be stated. This model will allow to discover some inconsistencies in the mentioned techniques, and to take a higher level and systematic approach for using hyperlinks for retrieval.
Bifurcations, stability, and dynamics of multiple matter-wave vortex states

In the present work, we offer a unifying perspective between the dark soliton stripe and the vortex multipole (dipole, tripole, aligned quadrupole, quintopole, etc.) states that emerge in the context of quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates. In particular, we illustrate that the multivortex states with the vortices aligned along the (former) dark soliton stripe sequentially bifurcate from the latter state in a supercritical pitchfork manner. Each additional bifurcation adds an extra mode to the dark soliton instability and an extra vortex to the configuration; moreover, the bifurcating states inherit the stability properties of the soliton prior to the bifurcation. The critical points of this bifurcation are computed analytically via a few-mode truncation of the system, which clearly showcases the symmetry-breaking nature of the corresponding bifurcation. We complement this small(-er) amplitude, few mode bifurcation picture, with a larger amplitude, particle-based description of the ensuing vortices. The latter enables us to characterize the equilibrium position of the vortices, as well as their intrinsic dynamics and anomalous modes, thus providing a qualitative description of the nonequilibrium multivortex dynamics.
Blood in our hearts or blood on our hands? The viscosity, vitality and validity of Aboriginal ‘blood talk’.

Blood metaphors abound in everyday social discourse among both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. However, ‘Aboriginal blood talk’, more specifically, is located within a contradictory and contested space in terms of the meanings and values that can be attributed to it by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. In the colonial context, blood talk operated as a tool of oppression for Aboriginal people via blood quantum discourses, yet today, Aboriginal people draw upon notions of blood, namely bloodlines, in articulating their identities. This paper juxtaposes contemporary Aboriginal blood talk as expressed by Aboriginal people against colonial blood talk and critically examines the ongoing political and intellectual governance regarding the validity of this talk in articulating Aboriginalities.
Smushing Rdf Instances: Are Alice and Bob the Same Open Source Developer?

Analysing RDF data gathered from heterogeneous Semantic Web sources requires a previous step of consolidation in order to remove redundant instances (data smushing). Our aim is to explore and integrate smushing techniques to improve recall, i.e., to find as many redundant instances as possible. Two approaches to spot resources with the same identity are described: the first one is based on Logics, exploiting OWL inverse functional properties (IFP); the second one is based on traditional IR techniques, e.g., resource label comparison. We evaluate experimental results in the context of open source communities.
A structured review of information visualization success measurement

Information visualization research has been popular for nearly two decades, but a more widespread adaption of visualization tools is missing. We present a state-of-the-art in measuring information visualization success by means of a structured literature review and a classification framework. This article identifies and classifies 30 empirical journal papers, and consolidates the empirical findings. The review shows an absence of theoretical success models and influence factors as a basis for in-depth success analysis. Dominant research design is that of laboratory experiments which analyze an individual perspective on success. The review results are discussed and a research agenda is proposed.