Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of venous thromboprophylaxis duration and outcomes in orthopedic patients.

BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) following total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) surgery imposes significant health and economic burden. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of thromboprophylaxis duration on deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), total VTE (DVT and PE), and bleeding events among THR/TKR patients. METHODS A retrospective study (April 1, 2004, to December 31, 2006) was conducted using a US health plan claims database linked to an inpatient database containing medication use. Outcomes were compared using χ2 tests; predictors of outcomes were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Of 3497 patients, 3195 (91%) received thromboprophylaxis for =1 day postsurgery. Most patients (67%) received short-duration (1-14 days) rather than extended-duration (>14 days) thromboprophylaxis. The incidence of thromboembolic and bleeding events was higher in those who received short-duration thromboprophylaxis: DVT (2.84% vs 1.24%; P = .0038), PE (1.12% vs 0.19%; P = .0052), total VTE (3.96% vs 1.43%; P <.0001), and major bleeding (1.68% vs 0.38%; P = .0011). Multivariate logistic regressions (adjusted for observed demographic and clinical characteristics) revealed similar results. Baseline comorbidity score was significantly associated with major bleeding; most of the bleeding events in those who received short-duration thromboprophylaxis occurred within the first 14 days. CONCLUSIONS In this database analysis of patients who had undergone THR/TKR surgery, a large proportion of patients did not receive the minimum duration of thromboprophylaxis recommended by the guidelines. Extended-duration thromboprophylaxis was associated with a significantly lower risk of DVT, PE, and VTE compared with short-duration thromboprophylaxis.
Enhancing Delay Fault Coverage through Low Power Segmented Scan

Reducing power dissipation during test has been an active area of academic and industrial research for the last few years and numerous low power DFT techniques and test generation procedures have been proposed. Segmented scan (Whetsel, 2000) and (Lee et al., 2004) has been shown to be an effective technique in addressing test power issues in industrial designs (Saxena et al., 2001). To achieve higher shipped product quality, tests for delay faults are becoming essential components of manufacturing test. This paper demonstrates, for the first time, that segmented scan facilitates increased delay fault coverage without degrading the reduction of the switching activity obtained by segmented scan. The increased transition delay fault coverage is achieved through careful selection of the capture cycle application. Experimental results on larger ISCAS-89 benchmarks show that using three segments, on average, fault coverage using launch off capture can be increased by about 5.4% while simultaneously reducing the peak switching activity caused by capture cycles by over 30%
Cohomological uniqueness, massey products and the modular isomorphism problem for 2-groups of maximal nilpotency class

Let G be a nite 2-group of maximal nilpotency class, and let BG be its clas- sifying space. We prove that iterated Massey products in H (BG;F2) do characterize the homotopy type of BG among 2-complete spaces with the same cohomological structure. As a consequence we get an alternative proof of the modular isomorphism problem for 2-groups of maximal nilpotency class.
Genome wide analysis of pathogenic SH2 domain mutations

The authors have made a genome‐wide analysis of mutations in Src homology 2 (SH2) domains associated with human disease. Disease‐causing mutations have been detected in the SH2 domains of cytoplasmic signaling proteins Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), SH2D1A, Ras GTPase activating protein (RasGAP), ZAP‐70, SHP‐2, STAT1, STAT5B, and the p85α subunit of the PIP3. Mutations in the BTK, SH2D1A, ZAP70, STAT1, and STAT5B genes have been shown to cause diverse immunodeficiencies, whereas the mutations in RASA1 and PIK3R1 genes lead to basal carcinoma and diabetes, respectively. PTPN11 mutations cause Noonan sydrome and different types of cancer, depending mainly on whether the mutation is inherited or sporadic. We collected and analyzed all known pathogenic mutations affecting human SH2 domains by bioinformatics methods. Among the investigated protein properties are sequence conservation and covariance, structural stability, side chain rotamers, packing effects, surface electrostatics, hydrogen bond formation, accessible surface area, salt bridges, and residue contacts. The majority of the mutations affect positions essential for phosphotyrosine ligand binding and specificity. The structural basis of the SH2 domain diseases was elucidated based on the bioinformatic analysis. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Components of the Belief Gap

Knowledge gap research focuses on education as an indicator of socioeconomic status (SES). Belief gap research centers on ideology as potentially more powerful than education in comparing sociopolitical groups with scientifically established knowledge and groups with opposing beliefs accepted on faith. This study examined the relationship between education and ideology to understand belief gaps better. The study used 2008 American National Election Study (ANES) data to compare conservatives, moderates, and liberals by education on religiosity, child rearing values, opinionation, need for cognition, orientation toward politics, and mass media access and use. Although liberals tended to be more educated than conservatives overall, better-educated conservatives had the highest household incomes and were a much larger group. No known knowledge gap studies have reported results on one group characterized by high education and an opposing group distinguished by a different indicator of SES. Reformulations of the belief gap hypothesis are offered.
Impedance-based Gaussian Processes for predicting human behavior during physical interaction

For seamless physical human-robot interaction (pHRI), estimating human intention is essential. Most system identification approaches to pHRI model the human as a black box without prior assumptions about the underlying behavioral structure. However, integrating a priori knowledge about behavioral characteristics of the human provides superior prediction performance. In this work we present a novel method for human behavior prediction during physical interaction that incorporates an empirically supported human motor control model. The arm dynamics of the human are modeled as a mechanical impedance that follows a latent desired trajectory. We adopt a Bayesian perspective setting Gaussian Process (GP) priors on impedance parameters and the desired trajectory, which allows regression about human behavior from observed trajectories and interaction forces. The proposed impedance-based GP model is validated in simulation and in an experiment with human participants to demonstrate its prediction performance and generalization capability.
Do not quote without permission Equilibrium Analysis , Banking and Financial Instability

This paper first extends the canonical General Equilibrium with Incomplete Markets (GEI) model with money and default to allow for competitive banking and financial instability. Second, it introduces capital requirements for the banking sector to assess the short and medium term macroeconomic consequences of the proposed New Basel Accord. The model is rich enough to include heterogeneous households and banks, multiple commodities and credit markets and endogenous default. Agent optimisation, rational expectations and market clearing are maintained throughout. Because of the important role that money plays, Monetary Equilibria with Commercial Banks and Default (MECBD) exist only if there are sufficient gains-to-trade (i.e., the ratio of outside to inside money is less than the gains-to-trade available at every state of the world at the initial allocation). Thus, existence of MECBD guarantees the positive value of money in finite horizon and allows for positive default levels in equilibrium. It also characterises financial instability as an equilibrium phenomenon. A non-trivial quantity theory of money is derived in which both prices and quantities are allowed to change and the term structure of interest rates incorporates both the 'expectations' and the 'liquidity preference' hypothesis. The 'classical dichotomy' typically fails to hold and the interaction of the nominal and the real sector of the economy determines interest rates. Thus, monetary, fiscal and regulatory policies necessarily generate real effects. Non-neutrality relies upon the real and nominal determinacy of MECBD, whenever at least one nominal interest rate is positive. As a result of the liquidity constraints the linear pricing rule of assets fails to hold. A definition of financial instability is proposed. Financial instability occurs when aggregate profitability of the banking sector declines and the number of defaults in the household and the banking sectors increase. Thus, a financially unstable MECBD requires financial vulnerability in the banking sector and liquidity shortages in the private. A version of the liquidity trap holds where banks engage in large asset trades without changing interest rates in the households' credit markets, no matter how expansionary monetary policy is. The Diamond-Dybvig (1983) result is a special case of MECBD in which banks are homogeneous and financial contagion due to default is maximal. Finally, because of the presence of capital requirements for banks, a trade off exists between regulatory policy and efficiency. It is also shown that under certain restrictions and binding capital requirements, MECBD are constrained inefficient. Thus, adjustment of capital requirements may generate efficiency gains. Competitive equilibrium analysis simplifies many of the complications of finite-players games that address the same issues The model provides a useful analytical device for policy analysis of situations in which crisis prevention and management become necessary to reduce the risks and costs of financial instability.
Effect of second‐messenger modulators in K‐562 cell differentiation: Dual action of calcium/phospholipid‐dependent protein kinase in the process of differentiation

We investigated the roles of second messengers in K‐562 cell differentiation induced by either commitment‐inducing agents (Ara‐C, thymidine), or a noncom‐mitment‐inducing agent (hemin). Cell differentiation induced by both types of agents was inhibited by dbc‐AMP, staurosporine, and H‐7. In contrast, OAG enhanced hemin‐induced cell differentiation, but it inhibited that due to Ara‐C or thymidine. When K‐562 cells were incubated with 4 x 10−6M hemin or 2 x 10−7M Ara‐C for 2 days, an increase of ϵ‐mRNA occurred. The addition of cycloheximide (1 μg/ml) completely blocked this change, suggesting that de novo protein synthesis was necessary for the increase of ϵ‐mRNA. Simultaneous treatment with Ara‐C and cycloheximide for 2 days did not block either the increase of ϵ‐mRNA or that of benzidine‐positive cells, which were measured after 5 days of further incubation without additives. This suggested that the process of Ara‐C‐induced K‐562 cell differentiation could be divided into two steps, i.e., a commitment step and a phenotypic expression step, and that the commitment step was at least partly resistant to cycloheximide. We investigated the roles of second messengers in each step. Our results suggested that PKC may act as a negative regulator of commitment step and as a positive regulator of the phenotypic expression. This may explain the differing effects of OAG on hemin‐ and Ara‐C‐induced K‐562 cell differentiation.
Isolation of Ly-1+/CD5+ B cells by cell sorting.

Ly-1/CD5 is a 68-kDa glycoprotein that was originally thought to mark the helper subset of T cells. Later it was shown to be present on all T cells and, more recently, on a subset of B cells. Although its function remains the subject of speculation, CD5 expression serves as a useful marker for a functionally distinct population of B cells that has attracted a considerable amount of interest from investigators of both murine and human immune systems. Of critical importance in much of this work is the isolation of pure populations of CD5+ B cells along with appropriate control populations. A flow cytometry technique is presented in this unit, which results in the selection and isolation of two populations of cells from a complex mixture based on physical properties (e.g., size and internal granularity) and correlated expression of several surface molecules.
Comment on B‐Type Natriuretic Peptide Predicts Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation

We read the article “B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Predicts Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation” by Doukky et al. with interest. The authors concluded brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is an independent predictor of left atrial appendage thrombus in AF and may complement the role of the CHADS2 score in predicting stroke risk. We know that plasma BNP is markedly higher in patients with clinically diagnosed heart failure (HF) (including patients with right HF due to cor pulmonale) compared to those without HF (mean 675 vs. 110 pg/mL). BNP >100 pg/mL diagnoses HF with a sensitivity, specificity, and predictive accuracy of 90%, 76%, and 83%, respectively, and also the plasma concentration of BNP correlated with New York Heart Association functional class, ranging from 244 to 817 pg/mL for class I to IV. The plasma concentrations of BNP and NT-proBNP fall after effective chronic treatment of HF, which suggests that measurement of plasma BNP may be helpful in titrating therapy. BNP values are very changeable according to class of HF, so if patients with HF was exactly excluded (assessed by CMRI, catheter, echo [E/e′, PAP, E/vp]) from the study group, the results could be more valid.
Characteristics of HIV‐Infected Women Who Do Not Receive Preventive Antiretroviral Therapy in the French Perinatal Cohort

Objective: To determine the percentage and the profile of women with known HIV‐1 seropositivity who do not receive the prepartum phase of preventive treatment for maternofetal transmission. Methods: An observational study was conducted as part of the French Perinatal Cohort, an ongoing nationwide cohort of HIVinfected women and their children (followed from birth). This analysis was restricted to women who were delivered between 1996 and 1999. Results: Among the 2167 women studied, 92 (4.3%) did not receive the prepartum phase of preventive treatment. This proportion fell below 10% in 1996 and subsequently stabilized at 3% to 4%. The reasons for nontreatment were the woman's refusal (34%), premature delivery (8%, before initiation of planned treatment), late diagnosis of maternal HIV infection (3%, at the time of delivery), or unmonitored pregnancy (54%). One third of the women in this latter category were aware of their seropositivity before becoming pregnant. Treated and untreated women did not differ in terms of the usual parameters of HIV infection, geographic origin (sub‐Saharan Africa vs. Europe), or HIV transmission category (sexual vs. intravenous [IV] drug use). Untreated women were also less likely than treated women to receive other preventive measures such as intrapartum IV zidovudine infusion, treatment of the newborn, and formula feeding. Indirect evidence strongly suggested that the untreated women were socially marginalized. Conclusions: The prepartum phase of preventive treatment for maternofetal transmission is well accepted by HIV‐seropositive women in France. The proportion of women who do not receive this treatment could be further reduced by earlier screening (before or at the beginning of pregnancy) and by focusing on a small subgroup of socially marginalized women.
Unsupervised Bottleneck Features for Low-Resource Query-by-Example Spoken Term Detection

We propose a framework which ports Dirichlet Gaussian mixture model (DPGMM) based labels to deep neural network (DNN). The DNN trained using the unsupervised labels is used to extract a low-dimensional unsupervised speech representation, named as unsupervised bottleneck features (uBNFs), which capture considerable information for sound cluster discrimination. We investigate the performance of uBNF in queryby-example spoken term detection (QbE-STD) on the TIMIT English speech corpus. Our uBNF performs comparably with the cross-lingual bottleneck features (BNFs) extracted from a DNN trained using 171 hours of transcribed telephone speech in another language (Mandarin Chinese). With the score fusion of uBNFs and cross-lingual BNFs, we gain about 10% relative improvement in terms of mean average precision (MAP) comparing with the cross-lingual BNFs. We also study the performance of the framework with different input features and different lengths of temporal context.
Resisting the romance: ‘Shipping’ and the discourse of genre uniqueness in Doctor Who fandom

In recent years, numerous cult franchises – once the purview of small communities of devotees – have been revived and adapted in order to draw mass audiences. Fans of these texts are left to puzzle out the question of communal and personal fan identity as fandom rapidly expands. This article focuses on the fandom of the science fiction classic Doctor Who, relaunched in 2005 as a ‘mainstreamed’ version, and examines how the introduction of genre hybridity into the text becomes for fans a crucial point in a struggle over the meaning of fandom. Using grounded analysis, the article demonstrates how members of LiveJournal community doctorwho construct their identities by othering two imagined communities: the romance-hating ‘anoraks’ and the romance-obsessed ‘shippers’. Navigating a minefield of undesired positions, these fans are characterised by a discourse of genre and community uniqueness that poses a challenge to the view of fandom as the blueprint for participatory culture.
Elasticity between the cadastre and land tenure: Balancing civil and political society interests in Poland

The cadastre provides formal instruments for governments to administer land, theoretically assuring critical space and resources for economic activities in Western societies. The informal organization of access and control of land in any society, conducted often in parallel to the formal cadastre, is known as land tenure. The cadastre records land ownership and rights to land. It is also an important means for coordinating land governance, private activities, and public concerns related to land. The ongoing challenges for government use of the cadastre are largely administrative and political, no longer technical. In the case examined here of Poland, a country undergoing rapid post-Socialist socio-economic change, the challenges are evident in rural discrepancies between the cadastre and land tenure. They reflect historical tensions between colonizing formal government institutions and informal resistance institutions developed to allocate access and control of land for most of the past 300 years in Poland. During this period Polish political and civil society has worked out a number of complex delegations of control and authority to regulate these discrepancies and provide for a flexible balance between competing and conflicting interests. Much rural land ownership was secured through an array of informal arrangements involving actors with overlapping and conflicting interests. The formal cadastre, in these cases, is often reduced to a self-referential institution solely for use by government agencies. Verdery's concept of “elasticity” aids in understanding how discrepancies between cadastre and land tenure have been traditionally resolved in relations between Polish political and civil society. The current transformation of Poland to a capitalist economy beginning in 1989 is altering various aspects of these arrangements. Recent entry (May, 2004) into the European Union has additionally greatly accelerated the process of change. Based on literature analysis and the preliminary analysis of the different roles the cadastre plays in three Polish counties (powiat), the article presents some ideas for conceiving of the cadastre as part of a framework for the societal allocation and the coordination of access and control to land. It argues that the elasticity between rural formal de jure cadastre and informal de facto land tenure points to problems plainly visible in rural Poland yet relevant to cadastral information infrastructures occurring around the world. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
X-ray reflection in the Seyfert galaxy 1H 0419−577 revealing strong relativistic effects in the vicinity of a Kerr black hole

We report results obtained from six XMM-Newton observations of the Seyfert galaxy 1H 0419-577. The source was observed in a wide range of different flux levels, allowing its long-term spectral variability to be studied in detail, as already reported recently by Pounds et al. Here we show that the X-ray spectrum is well described by a simple two-component model comprising a power law with constant spectral shape and variable normalization, and a much more constant ionized reflection component from the inner accretion disc, which carries the signature of strong relativistic effects. One of the observations was performed when the source was in a particularly low-flux state in which the X-ray spectrum is rather peculiar and exhibits a very flat hard spectrum (with spectral index close to 1 in the 2-10 keV band), with broad residuals below 6.6 keV (rest frame) and a steep soft excess below about 1 keV. We interpret the spectrum as being reflection-dominated by X-ray reprocessed emission from the inner accretion disc. The primary continuum, which illuminates the disc, is almost completely unobserved, possibly because of strong light bending towards the central supermassive black hole. The ionized reflection model simultaneously accounts for the broad hard residuals and hard flat spectrum and for the soft excess. The same model provides an excellent description of the data at all the other flux levels, the most important difference being a variation in the power-law normalization. Our spectral decomposition and interpretation of the spectral variability implies that most of the X-ray emission in this source originates from within a few gravitational radii from the central black hole and requires that the compact object is almost maximally spinning.
Collaborative Environmental Monitoring with Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks

In the last decade, advances in wireless communication and micro-fabrication have motivated the development of large-scale wireless sensor networks (Akyildiz et al., 2002; Yick et al., 2008). A large number of low-cost sensor nodes, equipped with sensing, computing, and communication units, organize themselves into a multi-hop network. The wireless sensor network takesmeasurements from the environment, processes the sensory data, and transmits the sensory data to end-users. Beginning from the seminar work in (Estrin et al., 1999; 2002), the wireless sensor network technology has been well recognized as a revolutionary one that transforms everyday life. Typical applications of wireless sensor networks include military target tracking and surveillance (Simon et al., 2004; He et al., 2006), precise agriculture (Langendoen et al., 2006; Wark et al., 2007), industrial automation (Gungor and Hancke, 2009), structural health monitoring (Li and Liu, 2007; Ling et al., 2009), environmental and habitat monitoring (Zhang et al., 2004; Corke et al., 2010), to name a few.