Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a loss of functional diversity in stream fish assemblages under climate change

The assessment of climate change impacts on biodiversity has so far been biased toward the taxonomic identification of the species likely either to benefit from climate modifications or to experience overall declines. There have still been few studies intended to correlate the characteristics of species to their sensitivity to climate change, even though it is now recognized that functional trait‐based approaches are promising tools for addressing challenges related to global changes. In this study, two functional indices (originality and uniqueness) were first measured for 35 fish species occurring in French streams. They were then combined to projections of range shifts in response to climate change derived from species distribution models. We set out to investigate: (1) the relationship between the degrees of originality and uniqueness of fish species, and their projected response to future climate change; and (2) the consequences of individual responses of species for the functional diversity of fish assemblages. After accounting for phylogenetic relatedness among species, we have demonstrated that the two indices used measure two complementary facets of the position of fish species in a functional space. We have also rejected the hypothesis that the most original and/or less redundant species would necessarily experience the greatest declines in habitat suitability as a result of climate change. However, individual species range shifts could lead simultaneously both to a severe decline in the functional diversity of fish assemblages, and to an increase in the functional similarity among assemblages, supporting the hypothesis that disturbance favors communities with combination of common traits and biotic homogenization as well. Our findings therefore emphasize the importance of going beyond the simple taxonomic description of diversity to provide a better assessment of the likely future effects of environmental changes on biodiversity, thus helping to design more effective conservation and management measures.
Identification of an LGP2-associated MDA5 agonist in picornavirus-infected cells

The RIG-I-like receptors RIG-I, LGP2, and MDA5 initiate an antiviral response that includes production of type I interferons (IFNs). The nature of the RNAs that trigger MDA5 activation in infected cells remains unclear. Here, we purify and characterise LGP2/RNA complexes from cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), a picornavirus detected by MDA5 and LGP2 but not RIG-I. We show that those complexes contain RNA that is highly enriched for MDA5-stimulatory activity and for a specific sequence corresponding to the L region of the EMCV antisense RNA. Synthesis of this sequence by in vitro transcription is sufficient to generate an MDA5 stimulatory RNA. Conversely, genomic deletion of the L region in EMCV generates viruses that are less potent at stimulating MDA5-dependent IFN production. Thus, the L region antisense RNA of EMCV is a key determinant of innate immunity to the virus and represents an RNA that activates MDA5 in virally-infected cells. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.01535. 001
STRONG LENSING ANALYSIS OF THE GALAXY CLUSTER MACS J1319.9+7003 AND THE DISCOVERY OF A SHELL GALAXY

We present a strong-lensing (SL) analysis of the galaxy cluster MACS J1319.9+7003 (z = 0.33, also known as Abell 1722), as part of our ongoing effort to analyze massive clusters with archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging. We spectroscopically measured with Keck/Multi-Object Spectrometer For Infra-Red Exploration (MOSFIRE) two galaxies multiply imaged by the cluster. Our analysis reveals a modest lens, with an effective Einstein radius of , enclosing M⊙. We briefly discuss the SL properties of the cluster, using two different modeling techniques (see the text for details), and make the mass models publicly available (ftp://wise-ftp.tau.ac.il/pub/adiz/MACS1319/). Independently, we identified a noteworthy, young shell galaxy (SG) system forming around two likely interacting cluster members, 20″ north of the brightest cluster galaxy. SGs are rare in galaxy clusters, and indeed, a simple estimate reveals that they are only expected in roughly one in several dozen, to several hundred, massive galaxy clusters (the estimate can easily change by an order of magnitude within a reasonable range of characteristic values relevant for the calculation). Taking advantage of our lens model best-fit, mass-to-light scaling relation for cluster members, we infer that the total mass of the SG system is , with a host-to-companion mass ratio of about 10:1. Despite being rare in high density environments, the SG constitutes an example to how stars of cluster galaxies are efficiently redistributed to the intra-cluster medium. Dedicated numerical simulations for the observed shell configuration, perhaps aided by the mass model, might cast interesting light on the interaction history and properties of the two galaxies. An archival HST search in galaxy cluster images can reveal more such systems.
Like summer and good sex?

With reference to aspects of Herbert Marcuse, this article explores the limitations of the work-life balance campaign. It argues that it is in essence ‘one dimensional’, and that its underlying trajectory is one of the ‘containment’ of work-life balance readjustments to within the pre-established limits of managerial rationality and capitalist organisation. It contrasts this limited campaign with theories of working-time reduction that offer the potential for an expanded realm of autonomy and a more thorough-going liberation of time from work.
Setting Performance Standards for Professional Licensure and Certification.

Credentialing programs were surveyed to ascertain the procedures that they use to set performance standards on multiple-choice and open-ended assessments. For multiple-choice assessments, these programs mostly employ variations on the Angoff (1971) standard-setting method. Procedures used with open-ended questions showed more divergence; some agencies use a question by question approach, whereas others utilize methods that consider the assessment results more holistically. Implications of these standard-setting practices from credentialing agencies to the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), including the consequences of the assessment on the individual candidate, the matrix sampling construction of NAEP assessments, the multiple cutpoints of the NAEP assessment program, and the types of validity evidence that are typically gathered to support the validity of the performance standard, are discussed. Generalizations of these standard-setting methods from the field of professional licensure a.
Antibodies directed against the E region of pro-insulin-like growth factor-II used to evaluate non-islet cell tumor-induced hypoglycemia.

BACKGROUND Detection of incompletely processed precursor forms of insulin-like growth factor-II ("big" IGF-II) in plasma is essential for both the diagnosis and follow-up of non-islet cell tumor-induced hypoglycemia (NICTH) and may be relevant to other diseases as well. RIA using an antibody raised against a synthetic peptide consisting of the first 21 amino acids of the E domain [E(68-88)] of human pro-IGF-II cannot distinguish between E-peptide-containing big IGF-II and cleaved E domain or fragments. We therefore developed and validated an ELISA that specifically detects big IGF-II in plasma. METHODS The ELISA used a solid-phase antibody to E(68-88) and a liquid-phase monoclonal hIGF-II antibody. Pro-IGF-II purified from normal human plasma was used as a calibrator. Acid Sep-Pak C(18) extracts of plasma from NICTH patients were analyzed, and the results were compared with those obtained for plasma samples from healthy individuals. In addition, blood specimens derived from dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure, which contained relatively high concentrations of cleaved E domain or fragments, were studied. The results were validated by acid Sephadex G-50 gel filtration. RESULTS Results from this ELISA indicated that the concentration of big IGF-II in NICTH plasma was higher (mean +/- SD, 22.6 +/- 9.4 nmol/L) than in normal plasma (3.8 nmol/L). Conversely, the concentrations in pooled CRF plasma (2.0 +/- 0.8 nmol/L) were low. Antibodies directed against either E(68-88) or E(13-134) of pro-IGF-II could be used to detect these peptides in tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of quantifying pro-IGF-II by ELISA in plasma represents a potentially useful tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of NICTH and should facilitate further in vitro and in vivo studies on its regulation and function in humans.
Ranking Automatically Generated Questions Using Common Human Queries

In this paper, we challenge a form of paragraph-to-question generation task. We propose a question generation system which can generate a set of comprehensive questions from a body of text. Besides the tree kernel functions to assess the grammatically of the generated questions, our goal is to rank them by using community-based question answering systems to calculate the importance of the generated questions. The main assumption behind our work is that each body of text is re-lated to a topic of interest and it has a comprehensive information about the topic.
An Adaptable Fault-Tolerance for SOA using a Peer-to-Peer Framework

The onset of Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) in domains like trading and banking has considerably heightened the need for dependable system operation. Late binding to services in business-to-business operations pose a serious problem for dependable system operation as it delegates the decision to trust a service to an external agent. However, it is impossible to guarantee that any service is 100% fault-free due to failings in hardware, software and human error. This means that fault tolerance remains the most practical way to address the problem. Unfortunately, there is currently no standard way to achieve this in SOA. This paper describes a novel adaptable fault tolerance framework that overlays a peer network formed by JXTA technology protocols to address this problem. We have adopted a layered approach by incrementally adding protocols and supporting the code infrastructure. The framework is implemented exclusively in Java and XML to ensure cross platform compatibility.
Empowerment and its Impact on Banks Performance Jordanian Banks : A pplied Study

Dr. Atallah Basheer Alnaweigah Assistant Professor Financial and Administrative Sciences College, Taif University – Saudi Arabia Email:atasami@yahoo.com Phone:00966091700058 Abstract-The study aims to identify the impact of empowerment on Jordanian banks performance. This study covers all the 25 commercial banks of Jordan as classified by the Central Bank of Jordan, as well as the working nonJordanian banks in Jordan, the sample of study compromises (267) staff employees, out of which (130) are auditors (Internal Auditor) in different sections of the audit and internal control in Jordanian banks, and (members of the Unit) of the users of systems, internal audit. Representing a rate (48.68%) of the sample of the study. For the purposes of the study a Questionnaire is desgned, including a number of areas, which are as follows: personal freedom, quality, problem solving, choice of employment, and speed. May be every area of resolution of a number of paragraphs, where a total of paragraphs (43) , according to the Likertfive measuring tool, and as follows: very much, and significantly, and moderately, and a few, very few are. The digital signs on the following ranking: (5, 4, 3, 2, 1), after data collection and discharge of processed using descriptive statistical methods was the mathematical averages and standard deviations and Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and multi-bilateral variables (Two Way ANOVA ), and testing (Scheffe) for comparisons. The Study showed that there are no statistically significant differences in the impact of empowerment on Jordanian commercial banks performance due to the demographic variables. In the light of the results, the researcher recommends the following: the need to work on the training of outstanding workers in banks to enrich their experiences and to inform them of the motivation of all the scientific developments and technologies with regard to the bank and banking . the involvement of administrative and management environment for workers in decision and policy making and evaluation, adherence to the instructions of the banks with regard to discipline the employee and the organization as an example in conduct and professional practice, recruiting information available in the training and making judgments and decisions on providing excellent services to colleagues and clients, and working on the record-keeping and organization of the rapid access when needed.
Conflict Resolution Between Load Balancing and Handover Optimization in LTE Networks

Self-Organizing Networks (SONs) aim to raise the level of automated management in cellular technologies. In this field, Load Balancing (LB) and Handover Optimization (HOO) are two important functions to improve network performance. As these two functions can adjust the same parameters, a conflict may happen if LB and HOO tune them at the same time. In this paper, the conflict resolution of both functions in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks is addressed. Results show that the proposed coordination effectively provides better performance in those situations in which the adjusted mobility parameter is close to its saturation.
ACHIEVING ANONYMITY AND TRACEABILITY IN WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS WITH A SECURED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

Now-a-days, users have a huge awareness on their privacy which is resulting in increase of the anonymity. Anonymity is the quality or state of being unknown or unacknowledged. It provides protection for the users to use the network services without being traced. Even the tracing does not happens, sometimes if any conditional anonymity like misbehaving entities in the network occurs, the network authority keeps such entities traceable. In this project, security architecture is proposed to ensure the unconditional anonymity for the honest users and tracing the misbehaving users by trusted authorities in WMNs (Wireless Mesh Networks). The proposed system architecture can be used to resolve the problems faced between the anonymity and traceability. It also provides fundamental security requirements like authentication, confidentiality, data integrity and nonrepudiation. A thorough analysis has done on security and efficiency that has incorporated which demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system architecture.
Whose confession? Which tradition?

For over 30 years official disapproval of confessional approaches to religious education in community (formerly county) schools has been the norm. However such forms of religious education persist. Some arguments put forward in favour of non- confessional religious education are now shown to be weak. Confessional religious education is now thought (generally) to be appropriate in church schools. These facts raise the possibility of a return to confessional religious education in non-church schools. Non-confessionalism is founded on a contradiction: that education can proceed without ‘confessing’ anything and is therefore inherently unstable. In fact many different types of ‘confessions’ operate in religious education. Yet pressure continues to be put on Christian teachers to dismantle their confessional approach. This is unfair and an attempt is made to show that such teachers have much to offer the future of religious education in a society which contains many religions.
PerPot: A metamodel for simulation of load performance interaction

A metamodel is introduced, which on one hand can help to understand particular effects and phenomena in the interaction of load and performance in training processes. On the other hand, it can be used as a starting point for refinements to specific adaptation models. Finally, a software tool has been developed that supports different simulation approaches—for example, basic analysis of model parameter influences, diagnosis of the state of real adaptation systems, optimization of given load performance interactions, and planning optimal training schedules.
Liver Support 2009: Time for Another Revolution?

Liver failure still remains one of the most complicated and deadly conditions in clinical medicine. It results either from chronic liver disease, such as viral or alcoholic hepatitis, typically triggered by a combination of bleeding and/or infection, or from an acute viral or toxic attack to the liver, such as in acetaminophen poisoning (1). Despite the extensive research that has been done in this field in the past 80 years, the therapeutic options remained unsatisfying. The introduction of orthotopic liver transplantation (LTx) in 1963 by Starzl et al. (2) marked a major step forward in the history of liver failure treatment. Since then the survival rates in LTx have increased from <30% before 1980 to 60–80% today (3). The introduction of LTx revolutionized the world of liver failure therapy; however, it took the hard work of many to improve the various medical and technical aspects of this technique to bring it to the status it has today. These developmental steps in surgical techniques, organ preservation techniques, immune suppression, donor/recipient characterization, and handling of complications were based on the firm belief that liver transplantation as such is a valuable therapeutic platform and that the work and effort invested to improve it are not in vain. In retrospect, these multiple evolutionary steps appear as important as the introduction of liver transplantation itself. A similar lesson can be learned from the history of renal replacement therapies. Following many unsuccessful attempts, Willem Kolff (1911–2009), with his kidney dialysis apparatus later called “the drum” (4), was the first to help a 67-year-old female patient with acute kidney failure to survive in the year 1945 (Fig. 1). However, what eventually made kidney dialysis successful was not only the work of Kolff, but the technological development dialysis went through based on the ideas of Kolff and many others.Valuable work was done in the areas of machine development, dialysis membrane composition and structure, anticoagulation regimens, dialysis fluid composition, and vascular access surgery. Nobody would like to be dialyzed with the Kolff machine today; still, its introduction clearly represented a major milestone in kidney disease therapy. With the development of clinically successful renal replacement therapies in the 1940s, the idea of extracorporeal liver detoxification gained attractiveness as well. Small metabolites such as ammonia or bilirubin that accumulate during liver failure seemed to represent a group of “liver toxins” worth removing in order to improve the clinical status and outcome (5). Since then, extracorporeal liver support therapies have been used as a bridging therapy prior to liver transplantation and as an addition to standard medical therapy. Nowadays, these supportive therapies are mainly divided into biological and nonbiological approaches. While biological liver support therapies utilize hepatocytes derived from animal or human sources, non-biological approaches are based on dialysis, filtration, and adsorption techniques.
Motor axons preferentially reinnervate motor pathways

Motor axons regenerating after transection of mixed nerve preferentially reinnervate distal motor branches and/or muscle, a process termed “preferential motor reinnervation. ” Collaterals of a single motor axon often enter both sensory and motor Schwann cell tubes of the distal stump; specificity is generated by pruning collaterals from sensory pathways while maintaining those in motor pathways. Previous experiments in the rat femoral nerve model evaluated reinnervation of the femoral motor branch and quadriceps muscle as a unit. In this study, pathway contributions are analyzed separately by denying muscle contact, or by reinnervating muscle through inappropriate, formerly sensory pathways. Motor axons preferentially reinnervate motor pathways, even when these pathways end blindly in a silicon tube. If the femoral nerve is removed as a graft and reinserted with correct or reversed alignment of the sensory and motor branches, more motoneurons reinnervate muscle through correct motor than through incorrect sensory pathways. Motor pathways thus differ from sensory pathways in ways that survive Wallerian degeneration and transplantation as a graft, and that can be used by regenerating motor axons as a basis for collateral pruning and specificity generation.
Psychogenetics in Redecision Therapy: The Next Generation of Couples Work

Like most traditional counselors, redecision transactional analysis therapists assume that difficulties in couple relationships stem from the projection of unresolved parentchild relationship difficulties from childhood onto adult partners. A new approach uses the Psychogenetic Profile to investigate the troubled couple relationship between the clients' parents in childhood, alerting redecision and transactional analysis therapists to the amazing repetitions in transgenerational couple scripts. Corrective reimprinting occurs as clients role play their childhood parents resolving these historical couple issues with each other, issues that had long ago been introjected by example into the clients' Parent ego states during childhood. Left untreated, the unconscious “Inner Couple Imprint” will become the client's only couple imprint for his or her own relationships later in adulthood. This article introduces regeneration and shows how the psychogenetic system integrated into redecision therapy creates the next generation of couples work. A case example is provided to illustrate the process.
Polysialylated Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Promotes Remodeling and Formation of Hippocampal Synapses

Expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) has been shown to promote long-term potentiation (LTP) and stabilization of synapses during early synaptogenesis. Here, we searched for the mechanisms of synaptogenic activity of NCAM, focusing on the role of polysialic acid (PSA), an unusual carbohydrate preferentially associated with NCAM. We show that enzymatic removal of PSA with endoneuraminidase-N (endo-N) abolished preferential formation of synapses on NCAM-expressing cells in heterogenotypic cocultures of wild-type and NCAM-deficient hippocampal neurons. Transfection of NCAM-deficient neurons with either of three major NCAM isoforms (different in intracellular domains but identical in extracellular domains and carrying PSA) stimulated preferential synapse formation on NCAM isoform-expressing neurons. Enzymatic removal of heparan sulfates from cultured neurons and a mutation in the heparin-binding domain of NCAM diminished synaptogenic activity of neuronally expressed PSA-NCAM, suggesting that interaction of NCAM with heparan sulfate proteoglycans mediates this activity. PSA-NCAM-driven synaptogenesis was also blocked by antagonists to fibroblast growth factor receptor and NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors but not by blockers of non-NMDA glutamate receptors and voltage-dependent Na+ channels. Enzymatic removal of PSA and heparan sulfates also blocked the increase in the number of perforated spine synapses associated with NMDA receptor-dependent LTP in the CA1 region of organotypic hippocampal cultures. Thus, neuronal PSA-NCAM in complex with heparan sulfate proteoglycans promotes synaptogenesis and activity-dependent remodeling of synapses.