Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Second-order power control with asymptotically fast convergence

This paper proposes a distributed power control algorithm that uses power levels of both current and previous iterations for power update. The algorithm is developed by applying the successive overrelaxation method to the power control problem. The gain from such a second-order algorithm is in faster convergence. Convergence analysis of the algorithm in case of feasible systems is provided in this paper. Using the distributed constrained power control (DCPC) as a reference algorithm, we carried out computational experiments on a DS-CDMA system. The results indicate that our algorithm significantly enhances the convergence speed of power control. A practical version of the proposed algorithm is provided and compared with the bang-bang type algorithm used in the IS-95 and the WCDMA systems. The results show that our algorithm also has a high potential for increasing the radio network capacity. Our analysis assumes that the system is feasible in the sense that we can support every active user by an optimal power control. When the system becomes infeasible because of high traffic load, it calls for other actions such as transmitter removal, which is beyond the scope of the present paper.
Performance of the SF-36, SF-12, and RAND-36 Summary Scales in a Multiple Sclerosis Population

Background.Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients accumulate both physical and mental health problems along with disease progression. Valid and sensitive outcome measures are important to measure disease effects and the effect of treatment. Objective.The objective of this study was to test the performance of the physical and mental summary scales of SF-36, SF-12, and RAND-36. Methods.The scales were evaluated by comparing the scores of a cohort of 194 MS patients with general population data and using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Incapacity Status Scale–mental as criterion variables for physical functioning and mental health. Results.All 3 physical summary scales were markedly reduced and correlated highly with the EDSS. The SF-36 mental summary score was only slightly reduced among MS patients (0.2 SD) compared with the general population, despite significantly reduced scores on all 4 health scales being most related to mental health and despite a high prevalence of mental health problems. This results from the poor physical functioning (mean scale score, 2.3 SD below the general population) and the orthogonal factor rotation used to derive independent measures of physical and mental health. Similar results were found for the SF-12. The nonorthogonal RAND-36 physical and mental summary scores were both markedly reduced. This is more compatible with the disease progression in MS and the results of the other measures of physical and mental health used in the study. Conclusions.The SF-36 and SF-12 mental health summary scales appear to overestimate mental health in people with MS.
A MPLS Simulation for Use in Design Networking for Multi Site Businesses

The ease of administration and its reduced costs make the MPLS (Multiprotocol LabelSwitching) technology attractive to those who want to deploy a performant, reliable and scalableprivate network. Connecting enterprises to remote locations, customers, and vendors via the MPLSis a very flexible solution that is being taken into account by many communication providers. VPN(Virtual Private Networks) is one of the most demanding services for the MPLS technology. Theservice providing of MPLS Differentiated Services (MPLS DiffServ) allows the customization ofeach client's traffic. This paper briefly outlines the theoretical aspects of the MPLS technology. Thetheoretical analysis is summed up in a case study called MPLS_DiffServ, developed with theOPNET Modeler simulator. This simulator allowed us to create a network model and configure thenetwork equipment to provide MPLS DiffServ services. The results that are obtained from thesimulation run are suggestive for networking education and a good starting point for thenetworking research area, as services for new business environment.
Hippocampal expression of synaptic structural proteins and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein in a rat model of vascular dementia induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

The present study established a rat model of vascular dementia induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries. At 60 days after modeling, escape latency and swimming path length during hidden-platform acquisition training in Morris water maze significantly increased in the model group. In addition, the number of accurate crossings over the original platform significantly decreased, hippocampal CA1 synaptophysin and growth-associated protein 43 expression significantly decreased, cAMP response element-binding protein expression remained unchanged, and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein expression significantly decreased. Results suggested that abnormal expression of hippocampal synaptic structural protein and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation played a role in cognitive impairment following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
Competitive Promoter Occupancy by Two Yeast Paralogous Transcription Factors Controlling the Multidrug Resistance Phenomenon*

Highly flexible gene expression programs are required to allow cell growth in the presence of a wide variety of chemicals. We used genome-wide expression analyses coupled with chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments to study the regulatory relationships between two very similar yeast transcription factors involved in the control of the multidrug resistance phenomenon. Yrm1 (Yor172w) is a new zinc finger transcription factor, the overproduction of which decreases the level of transcription of the target genes of Yrr1, a zinc finger transcription factor controlling the expression of several membrane transporter-encoding genes. Surprisingly, the absence of YRR1 releases the transcriptional activity of Yrm1, which then up-regulates 23 genes, 14 of which are also direct target genes of Yrr1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that Yrm1 binds to the promoters of the up-regulated genes only in yeast strains from which YRR1 has been deleted. This sophisticated regulatory program can be associated with drug resistance phenotypes of the cell. The program-specific distribution of paired transcription factors throughout the genome may be a general mechanism by which similar transcription factors regulate overlapping gene expression programs in response to chemical stress.
Pharmacokinetics of indinavir in Koreans and Caucasians

We evaluated whether the pharmacokinetic parameters of indinavir differ in Koreans and Caucasians. Indinavir was administered orally to 8 healthy Koreans and 4 healthy Caucasians, and plasma indinavir levels were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. No significant differences were observed in terms of its pharmacokinetic parameters; however, the AUC difference between the 2 groups may be significant for larger sample sizes.
Variant Effect of First- and Second-Generation Antihistamines as Clues to Their Mechanism of Action on the Sneeze Reflex in the Common Cold

Abstract Treatment with first-generation antihistamines reduces sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal mucus weight, and, in some instances, cough in subjects with experimental or natural colds; however, treatment with second-generation antihistamines has not been effective for these complaints in trials in subjects with natural colds. This article reports the negative results of a clinical trial with loratadine, a second-generation antihistamine, in adults in the rhinovirus challenge model. This finding in the highly controlled setting of the challenge model confirms the earlier negative studies with second-generation antihistamines in natural colds. First-generation antihistamines block both histaminic and muscarinic receptors as well as passing the blood-brain barrier. Second-generation antihistamines mainly block histaminic receptors and do not pass the blood-brain barrier. The effectiveness of first-generation antihistamines in blocking sneezing in colds may be due primarily to neuropharmacological manipulation of histaminic and muscarinic receptors in the medulla.
Smart skills and education in a future economy

Whether the role of education is to prepare people for employment or to have meaningful lives in general, it will identify and develop skills and competencies, as well as vocational and personal attributes. Skills, such as critical thinking, novel ideation, and complex cognitive and social skills, are areas where humans continue to outperform smart machines. The purpose of this article is to review the skills and competencies that will be in demand in the future, with an eye to recent technological changes. First, macroeconomic data concerning higher education will be reviewed in order to illustrate the situation of tertiary education, with a focus on Poland. A significant decline in demand for tertiary education has been observed in Poland in the last few years, despite the good returns on investment in education, which are the highest among the OECD countries. The empirical part of this paper presents results of a pilot survey that aimed to provide insight into several key competencies and vocational attributes that are perceived to be relevant for a future economy, according to Polish employers. The primary data was collected manually, using a quantitative survey on three occasions at two different job fairs in Gdansk in March 2017. Work experience, new media literacy, and formal education were assessed as least relevant variables (x=13); learning and diligence were assessed as most relevant according to the studied target group (n=55). Furthermore, the study showed specific differences in perception, depending on the size of the employer.
p53 and MicroRNA-34 Are Suppressors of Canonical Wnt Signaling

The tumor suppressor p53 activates miRNA-34 to inhibit Wnt signaling and colorectal cancer cell invasiveness. p53 Activates MicroRNA-34 to Inhibit Wnt Signaling The tumor suppressor p53 is missing or nonfunctional in many cancers, whereas the canonical Wnt signaling pathway is frequently activated. Here, Kim et al. show that p53 restrained Wnt signaling during Xenopus development, whereas loss of p53 function led to aberrant activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, with microRNA-34 (miR-34) providing the connection between the two. They found that p53 stimulated production of miR-34, which, in turn, targeted key genes in the Wnt signaling pathway. Analyses of gene expression data sets indicated that loss of p53 or miR-34 function was associated with activation of Wnt signaling in human cancers; moreover, loss of p53 function increased Wnt signaling in colon cancer cells in vitro. In p53-mutant colon cancer cells, miR-34 attenuated Wnt signaling and decreased the invasiveness of these cells in vitro. Thus, the p53–miR-34–Wnt pathway appears to be crucial not only during development but also for p53’s tumor suppressor function. Although loss of p53 function and activation of canonical Wnt signaling cascades are frequently coupled in cancer, the links between these two pathways remain unclear. We report that p53 transactivated microRNA-34 (miR-34), which consequently suppressed the transcriptional activity of β-catenin–T cell factor and lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) complexes by targeting the untranslated regions (UTRs) of a set of conserved targets in a network of genes encoding elements of the Wnt pathway. Loss of p53 function increased canonical Wnt signaling by alleviating miR-34–specific interactions with target UTRs, and miR-34 depletion relieved p53-mediated Wnt repression. Gene expression signatures reflecting the status of β-catenin–TCF/LEF transcriptional activity in breast cancer and pediatric neuroblastoma patients were correlated with p53 and miR-34 functional status. Loss of p53 or miR-34 contributed to neoplastic progression by triggering the Wnt-dependent, tissue-invasive activity of colorectal cancer cells. Further, during development, miR-34 interactions with the β-catenin UTR affected Xenopus body axis polarity and the expression of Wnt-dependent patterning genes. These data provide insight into the mechanisms by which a p53–miR-34 network restrains canonical Wnt signaling cascades in developing organisms and human cancer.
Disposition of Mianserin and Cyclizine in UGT2B10-Overexpressing Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells: Identification of UGT2B10 as a Novel N-Glucosidation Enzyme and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein as an N-Glucoside Transporter

UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) play an important role in the metabolism and detoxification of amine-containing chemicals; however, the disposition mechanisms for amines via UGT metabolism are not fully clear. We aimed to investigate a potential role of UGT2B10 in N-glucosidation and to determine the transporters for the excretion of N-glucosides. We first established a human embryonic kidney cell line 293 (HEK293) that stably overexpressed UGT2B10. Incubation of mianserin or cyclizine with the cells generated one N-glucuronide and one N-glucoside. Chemical inhibition (using specific chemical inhibitor Ko143) and biologic inhibition [using specific short hairpin RNA of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)] resulted in a significant reduction in efflux of N-glucuronide. Similar results were observed when multidrug resistance–associated protein (MRP4) was inhibited. Furthermore, inhibition of BCRP led to increased intracellular N-glucoside, whereas inhibition of MRP4 caused no changes in disposition of N-glucoside. Overall, the data indicated that BCRP, not MRP4, was responsible for the excretion of N-glucosides, whereas both BCRP and MRP4 contributed to excretion of N-glucuronides. Interestingly, downregulation of N-glucuronidation led to increased N-glucosidation in the cells, supporting the glucosidation as a potential complementary pathway for conventional glucuronidation. In conclusion, UGT2B10 was for the first time identified as an N-glucosidation enzyme. Generated N-glucosides were excreted primarily by the BCRP transporter.
A Preliminary Study of Motor Problems in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Although many children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are described as “clumsy,” there is relatively little research on problems in motor development in this population. We used a survey method to assess retrospectively developmental histories of 25 children with ADHD and 27 control children (ages 8–15 years). Children with ADHD reportedly had more difficulty than control children with both learning and performing a variety of motor skills, e.g., tying shoes, printing letters, playing sports. In contrast, parents reported few problems in their children's language development. Severity of motor problems was related to performance on specific IQ indices and reading and spelling tests. Given previous research on adverse consequences of clumsiness in children with attention deficits, results of this preliminary study indicate that further research on motor development can shed light on the developmental psychopathology of ADHD.
A qualitative study of the role of playgroups in building community capacity

ISSUE ADDRESSED Given that approximately half of all Australian families with children aged 2-3 years participate in playgroups, these settings may provide an important venue for social support and community capacity building. The aim of this study is to assess the benefits that parents and the wider community derive from such participation. METHODS We examined community capacity building opportunities through qualitative interviews conducted with a self-selected sample of 33 playgroup participants. All participants were the child's biological mother, and many had been involved in the playgroup committee of management, including 11 participants who were currently, or had previously been, a playgroup coordinator. RESULTS We found that playgroups act as key sites for building community capacity through developing community connections, skill building and creating leadership pathways. We found that playgroup committee participation was often women's first foray into community volunteering, and often translated into future community leadership, such as kindergarten committees of management and primary school councils. CONCLUSIONS Community playgroups play a key role in building the capacity of communities and provide a vehicle for the development of new volunteers. SO WHAT? : Local governments, schools and other community organisations that rely on volunteer committees would benefit from providing support to community playgroups to foster future community leaders.
The Impact of Emotions on Stakeholder Reactions to Organizational Wrongdoing

In this study, we develop a theoretical model that captures the influence of emotions on a stakeholder's decision to act against an organization after organizational wrongdoing. Relying on cognitive appraisal theory, we focus on the role of emotions during two central phases in the stakeholder response process: appraisal and intention. First, we argue that based on their appraisal of the wrongdoing, stakeholders will experience certain primary emotions (e.g. disappointment, anger) which will impact their first response towards the organization. Second, we propose that certain secondary emotions (e.g. hope, remorse) will influence their intention to act against the organization. Finally, we argue that the stakeholder's perceived power and self&#8208;interest will influence the stakeholder's decision to act against the organization.
Taking Stock of Firm-Level and Country-Level Benefits from Foreign Direct Investment

Purpose This paper aims to conduct a systematic meta-analysis on emerging economies to summarize these effects and throw light on the strength and heterogeneity of these conditionalities. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes a new methodological framework that allows country- and firm-level effects to be combined. The authors hand collected information from 175 studies and around 1,100 estimates in Eastern Europe, Asia, Latin America and Africa from 1940 to 2008. Findings The two main findings indicate that “macro” effects are much larger than enterprise-level ones, by a factor of at least six and the benefits from foreign direct investment (FDI) into emerging economies are substantially less “conditional” than commonly thought. Originality/value The empirical literature has not reached a conclusion as to whether FDI yields spillovers when the host economies are emerging. Instead, the results are often viewed as conditional. For macro studies, this means that the existence and scale of spillover effects are contingent on the levels of institutional, financial or human capital development attained by the host economies. For enterprise-level studies, conditionality relates to the type of inter-firm linkages, namely, forwards, backwards or horizontal.
Internal Inorganic Carbon Pool of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: EVIDENCE FOR A CARBON DIOXIDE-CONCENTRATING MECHANISM.

The external inorganic carbon pool (CO(2) + HCO(3) (-)) was measured in both high and low CO(2)-grown cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, using a silicone oil layer centrifugal filtering technique. The average internal pH values were measured for each cell type using [(14)C]dimethyloxazolidinedione, and the internal inorganic carbon pools were recalculated on a free CO(2) basis. These measurements indicated that low CO(2)-grown cells were able to concentrate CO(2) up to 40-fold in relation to the external medium. Low and high CO(2)-grown cells differed in their photosynthetic affinity for external CO(2). These differences could be most readily explained as being due to the relative CO(2)-concentrating capacity of each cell type. This physiological adaptation appeared to be based on changes in the abilities of the cells actively to accumulate inorganic carbon using an energy-dependent transport system.The energy dependence of CO(2) accumulation was investigated, using the inhibitors methyl viologen, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1 dimethylurea, carbonyl cyanide trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylide nemalononitrile. It appears that the concentrating mechanism in both cell types may be dependent upon an energy supply linked to both phosphorylation in general and photophosphorylation. The treatment of low CO(2)-grown cells with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ethoxyzolamide decreased the apparent photosynthetic affinity for CO(2). This was correlated with a decrease in the transport of inorganic carbon into the cells.The nature of the CO(2)-concentrating mechanism, particularly with respect to a bicarbonate transport system, is discussed, and its possible occurrence in other algae is assessed.
Increasing Body Mass Index Predicts Rapid Decline in Renal Function: A 5 Year Retrospective Study

Abstract While obesity is a recognized risk factor for chronic kidney disease, it remains unclear whether change in body mass index (ΔBMI ) is independently associated with decline in renal function (evaluated by the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate, ΔeGFR) over time. Accordingly, to help clarify this we conducted a retrospective study to measure the association of ΔBMI with decline in renal function in Chinese adult population. A total of 4007 adults (aged 45.3±13.7 years, 68.6% male) without chronic kidney disease at baseline were enrolled between 2008 and 2013. Logistic regression models were applied to explore the relationships between baseline BMI and ΔBMI, and rapid decline in renal function (defined as the lowest quartile of ΔeGFR ). During 5 years of follow-up, the ΔBMI and ΔeGFR were 0.47±1.6 (kg/m2) and –3.0±8.8 (ml/min/1.73 m2), respectively. After adjusted for potential confounders, ΔBMI (per 1 kg/m2 increase) was independently associated with the rapid decline in renal function [with a fully adjusted OR of 1.12 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.20). By contrast, the baseline BMI was not associated with rapid decline in renal function [OR=1.05 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.13)]. The results were robust among 2948 hypertension-free and diabetes-free participants, the adjusted ORs of ΔBMI and baseline BMI were 1.14 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.23) and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.04) for rapid decline in renal function, respectively. The study revealed that increasing ΔBMI predicts rapid decline in renal function.
Phased-only pattern synthesis for sunflower and conformal arrays with shaped radiation patterns

This paper introduces a shaped radiation pattern from 2-D planar and 3-D conformal antenna arrays based on phase-only synthesis technique using particle swarm optimization. The 2-D planar sunflower and 3-D conformal arrays, cylindrical helical and spherical helical arrays are investigated. Different radiation pattern constrains are employed in the synthesis process for beam shaping. A single narrow and flat-top beams are estimated using the 2-D planar sunflower array. Using the same phase distribution, two narrow beams and flat-top beams are estimated in different planes. A 3-D conformal arrays, cylindrical and spherical helical arrays consist of four orthogonally oriented arms are proposed. The proposed structure introduces four independent beams in four different directions separately. Also, simultaneous four beams are obtained. The side lobe level (SLL) of the synthesized patterns is optimized below −17 dB. The analysis was implemented in a computer using home programmed MATLAB code which is based on the array theory formulation.