Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Giant inflammatory polyposis with Crohn disease-like colitis.

Sir, Giant inflammatory polyposis (GIP), defined as a mass-like conglomeration of inflammatory polyps >15 mm in diameter or length, is quite rare. The majority of reported cases are associated with pre-existing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, GIP may also be encountered in patients without a history of IBD. In this report, we present an unusual case with two separate lesions of GIP associated with a localised Crohn disease (CD)-like lesion in the descending colon. A 61-year-old man presented with a 1 month history of abdominal pain and haematochezia. He had no previous history of IBD or lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Laboratory findings revealed a haemoglobin level of 8.1 g/dL. Other laboratory tests, including tumour markers, were within normal limits. Contrastenhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) demonstrated two large polypoid masses in the proximal and distal descending colon measuring approximately 12.0 cm in longitudinal diameter (Fig. 1A). The lesions showed relatively well-defined margins with homogeneous enhancement. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (F-18 FDG PET/CT) was performed and revealed diffuse FDG uptake in the descending colon. There was no evidence of lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis. Colonoscopy demonstrated a large fungating mass in the descending colon that caused near complete obstruction of the bowel, such that the scope was not able to pass
A Framework for Managing Components using Non-functional Properties

As part of a component-based approach, we propose a framework to group specifications of component hierarchies, possibly including the specification of non-functional properties. We show how we are able to choose a particular implementation of a component—or change an implementation to another—regarding non-functional properties, and how we are able to express configurations of component-based architectures. Our approach uses programs related to XML , and non-functional properties are managed by means of a terminology originating from the metadata used by the Dublin Core.
SubCo: A Learner Translation Corpus of Human and Machine Subtitles

In this paper, we present a freely available corpus of human and automatic translations of subtitles. The corpus comprises, the original English subtitles (SRC), both human (HT) and machine translations (MT) into German, as well as post-editions (PE) of the MT output. HT and MT are annotated with errors. Moreover, human evaluation is included in HT, MT, and PE. Such a corpus is a valuable resource for both human and machine translation communities, enabling the direct comparison – in terms of errors and evaluation – between human and machine translations and post-edited machine translations.
Pulsed light technology: a novel method for food preservation

With the increase in consumer awareness, demand for minimally processed foods and ecofriendliness, various technologies were developed for food processing and preservation. The conventional thermal food preservation and processing techniques appears to have the shortcoming of adversely affecting the food quality, organoleptic properties and nutrients. However, many non-thermal food preservation technologies were developed to serve the purpose. Many of such technologies are active packaging, pulsed electric field processing, high pressure processing, ultraviolet light processing and pulsed light processing. Pulsed light technology appears to be one of the best alternatives to conventional thermal and chemical decontamination process. Pulsed light processing technique has been commercialized and there have been many reports on the wide spectrum application of this technology. The technology not only decontaminates the food or packaging but also maintains its texture, nutrients etc. The germicidal effect was found to be due to photochemical and photothermal effect. It also has many other applications apart from decontamination, one such being reducing the allergen potent of some naturally occurring foods. The following review article is a compilation of reports on the mechanism of action of the technology and recent application of pulsed light processing.
Australasian ( ACIS ) 2008 Pluralism in Knowledge Management

The purpose of this article is to describe pluralistic perspectives in knowledge management. The knowledge management literature provides frameworks from various discrete perspectives. It is argued that the simultaneous application of multiple perspectives, or pluralism, is required to manage the richness of knowledge phenomena. Pluralism is defined as support for all three of the systems perspectives – hard, soft, and criticalthat are implicit in the popular Davenport and Prusak (1998) definition of knowledge. A literature search is conducted to find frameworks that support pluralism. More than 50 frameworks from the general knowledge management literature are identified. Of the eight selected for further study, three are found to be pluralistic. These three critical systems, scientific discourses, and Habermasian inquiry – share common characteristics. All three recognise that conflict is the precondition to knowledge creation, and that power relations, value commitments, and ethics are central to knowledge management.
Toward a Goal-based Mission Planning Capability - Using PDDL based Automated Planners

This paper proposes a generic goal-based mission planning framework which provides an integration environment to support evaluation of existing planning and task assignment technologies. The framework facilitates planning across a team of heterogeneous assets with a distributed capability for generating plans to collaboratively achieve goals. A human operator assigns a team with a top-level goal which the framework then decomposes into a list of tasks that can either be tackled by an individual asset or collectively by a sub-team of assets with the appropriate capabilities. Each asset can generate individual plans with knowledge of the current world state and a goal state. A selection of candidate planners are investigated using the framework including a Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) Planner for goal decomposition and a Partial Ordered PDDL (Planning Domain Definition Language) Planner for actionbased plan generation. The developed framework is applied to a search-and-rescue scenario requiring a team of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) to search a specified area of operation.
Assessing the Threat Posed by Indigenous Exotics: A Case Study of Two North American Bark Beetle Species

ABSTRACT The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, was detected in 2001 in northern Minnesota outside its natural range and the range of its native hosts, Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco, and western larch, Larix occidentalis Nutt. Consecutive years of detection indicated that D. pseudotsugae may have been established in a new environment and provided a possible example of an indigenous exotic species in North America. Pheromone-baited logs of P. menziesii and tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch, were placed at four sites in northern Minnesota in an attempt to detect this indigenous exotic. Bark was removed from one half of logs and checked for D. pseudotsugae galleries. The remaining logs were left intact and reared to collect adult beetles the following spring. No D. pseudotsugae galleries were identified and no adults of the indigenous exotic were located. Along with the eastern larch beetle, Dendroctonus simplex LeConte, native Minnesota populations of Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) and Dryocoetes autographus (Ratzeburg) colonized P. menziesii logs. The reciprocal study was conducted in Montana, primarily to determine whether D. pseudotsugae would attack pheromone-baited logs of L. laricina. Logs from the Minnesota and Montana experiments were used to estimate the success of D. simplex and D. pseudotsugae in the non-native hosts P. menziesii and L. laricina, respectively. Both D. simplex and D. pseudotsugae successfully colonized and reproduced in non-native logs in the field, albeit at low numbers. The potential threat of indigenous exotic species to North American forests also is discussed.
Prostaglandins temporally regulate cytoplasmic actin bundle formation during Drosophila oogenesis

Tight regulation of actin remodeling is essential for development, and misregulation results in disease. Cytoskeletal dynamics are regulated by prostaglandins (PGs)—lipid signals. PGs temporally regulate actin remodeling during Drosophila oogenesis, at least in part, by modulating the activity of the actin elongation factor Enabled.
Infant stepping: a method to study the sensory control of human walking

1 Stepping responses were studied in infants between the ages of 10 days and 10 months while they were supported to step on a slowly moving treadmill belt. Surface electromyography (EMG) from muscles in the lower limb, force exerted by the feet on the treadmill belt, and the motion of the lower limbs were recorded. 2 Two groups of infants were studied, those who had a small amount of daily practice in stepping and those who did not. Practice resulted in a dramatic increase in the incidence of stepping recorded in the laboratory, particularly for the periods between 1 and 6 months of age. 3 The majority of infants showed clear alternation between the flexor and extensor muscles during walking, regardless of age. Co‐contraction between flexors and extensors, estimated by the overlap in area between rectified and smoothed EMG from a muscle pair, was greater for some muscle groups in the infant compared with the adult. 4 Practice resulted in a significantly lower co‐contraction index for the tibialis anterior‐ quadriceps muscle pair. Practice did not affect the mean step cycle duration. 5 Infants of all ages could step at a range of treadmill speeds by adjusting their step cycle duration. The relationship between the treadmill speed and cycle duration was well fitted by a power function, similar to those reported for intact cats and adult humans. The change in step cycle duration resulted almost entirely from a change in the extensor burst duration, whereas the flexor burst duration remained constant. 6 Airstepping could be elicited in some infants. The cycle durations for airstepping were close to the shortest cycles recorded on the treadmill. 7 In conclusion, the system for generating rhythmic, alternating activity of the lower limbs for stepping is clearly developed by birth. The stepping is sustained and regular, particularly if stepping practice is incorporated briefly each day. The infant population provides a good subject pool for studying the afferent control of walking in the human, before cerebral influences are fully developed. The characteristics and maturity of the system remain to be determined.
High Rate of Preterm Birth in Pregnancies Complicated by Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract Objective To describe the outcomes of pregnancies complicated by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to estimate potential associations between disease characteristics and pregnancy outcomes. Study Design We reviewed all pregnancies complicated by RA delivered at our institution from June 2001 through June 2009. Fisher exact tests were used to calculate odds ratios. Univariable regression was performed using STATA 10.1 (StataCorp, College Station, TX). A p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Forty-six pregnancies in 40 women were reviewed. Sixty percent of pregnancies had evidence of disease flare and 28% delivered prior to 37 weeks. We did not identify associations between preterm birth and active disease at conception or during pregnancy. In univariate analysis, discontinuation of medication because of pregnancy was associated with a significantly earlier gestational age at delivery (362/7 versus 383/7 weeks, p = 0.022). Conclusion Women with RA may be at higher risk for preterm delivery.
Exploring interactional moves in a CSCL environment for Chinese language learning

This work analyzes the interactions of small groups of students doing collaborative learning activities in the primary classroom for learning Chinese as a second language. We take the perspective of identifying the characteristics of interactional moves as students interact and negotiate meaning in the computer-mediated collaborative learning (CSCL) environment called GroupScribbles (GS). Much work in group cognition and in interactional analysis of small groups looks at problem-solving in subjects like mathematics and science. In language learning, the task posed for collaborative activities does not focus on problem-solving, but it may be targeted towards enriching students' vocabulary and proficiency in language expression, developing their thoughts and writing through cogitating with new words, vocabulary and sentence construction. We hope the work can illuminate how students can co-construct knowledge mediated by GS representations for Chinese language learning. In the paper, we look at collaborative situations in which the group members are not seated together in the classroom, and so they have to collaborate through the GS medium.
Systematic Fine-Mapping of Association with BMI and Type 2 Diabetes at the FTO Locus by Integrating Results from Multiple Ethnic Groups

Background/Objective The 16q12.2 locus in the first intron of FTO has been robustly associated with body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). To improve the resolution of fine-scale mapping at FTO, we performed a systematic approach consisting of two parts. Methods The first part is to partition the associated variants into linkage disequilibrium (LD) clusters, followed by conditional and haplotype analyses. The second part is to filter the list of potential causal variants through trans-ethnic comparison. Results We first examined the LD relationship between FTO SNPs showing significant association with type 2 diabetes in Japanese GWAS and between those previously reported in European GWAS. We could partition all the assayed or imputed SNPs showing significant association in the target FTO region into 7 LD clusters. Assaying 9 selected SNPs in 4 Asian-descent populations—Japanese, Vietnamese, Sri Lankan and Chinese (n≤26,109 for BMI association and n≤24,079 for type 2 diabetes association), we identified a responsible haplotype tagged by a cluster of SNPs and successfully narrowed the list of potential causal variants to 25 SNPs, which are the smallest in number among the studies conducted to date for FTO. Conclusions Our data support that the power to resolve the causal variants from those in strong LD increases consistently when three distant populations—Europeans, Asians and Africans—are included in the follow-up study. It has to be noted that this fine-mapping approach has the advantage of applicability to the existing GWAS data set in combination with direct genotyping of selected variants.
Broadband fully silicon integrated differential balun and LNA for space applications

This paper presents the design of a fully integrated active balun directly cascaded with a LNA for broadband space telecommunication applications. The aim of the design is to provide an efficient conversion of the differential output signal of a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) into a single-ended signal with low noise and gain electrical response. The circuit takes as a starting point the differential bipolar pair loaded by a PMOS current mirror. The integrated active balun circuit is designed using NXP Qubic 4X BiCMOS SiGe 0.25 μm process. The chip size is 1.37 mm2. Simulated performances show a maximum differential gain of 6 dB with an amplitude and phase errors less than 1.4 dB and 2.5° respectively over the frequency range from 700 MHz to 2.8 GHz. The power consumption is 81 mW under 2.7 V supply voltage.
Tobacco smoking in China: Prevalence, disease burden, challenges and future strategies

About one‐third of the world's tobacco is produced and consumed in China. Despite existing tobacco control policies and activities, the prevalence of smoking in China remains high with 350 million smokers and 740 million passive smokers. Furthermore, smoking rates in the young population and in females are increasing. The number of deaths attributed to tobacco use has reached 1.2 million per year, whereas the death toll is expected to rise to 2 million annually by 2025. Sociocultural factors favouring smoking initiation, lack of awareness among the public about the hazards of smoking, weak support from the government and strong resistance from the tobacco industry are major reasons for the lack of effectiveness of current tobacco control measures. Effective intervention efforts are urgently required. Commitments from the government are crucial in tobacco control. Firm action should be taken on tobacco control issues at multiple levels including a reduction in tobacco supply, increased tobacco taxation, increased education, tobacco advertising limitations, decreased second‐hand smoke exposure and smoking cessation support. The health‐care community should also play a leading role in anti‐tobacco campaigns and take a more active role in smoking cessation programmes.
A Longitudinal Study of Cognitive Abilities in Williams Syndrome

This longitudinal study assessed cognition in Williams syndrome (WS) over a 5 year period using the same test battery over the two occasions of testing. The aim was to explore whether absolute levels of ability and relative cognitive strengths and weaknesses remain consistent over time. 27 participants with WS were assessed using the Woodcock Johnson Test of Cognitive Ability – Revised (WJ-R COG, Woodcock & Johnson, 1989, 1990). Results suggested some developmental progress over time, but at a slower rate than typically developing peers. Cognitive strengths and weaknesses were consistent, at least on those abilities assessed using the WJ-R COG.
Multi-agent Voting Network Model with Adjacency Nodes

Recent studies have shown that various models could explain the emergence of complex networks, such as scale-free and small-world networks. We challenge to extend the previous model that generates complex networks using a multi-agent approach. To extend the previous mode, we briefly look at network generation process under a constraint that all node position static location, in order to reveal characteristic of conditions for spatio-temporal network model. As a result, that constraint performs that generated network structure are more realistic.
Elucidating the Key Determinants of Structure, Folding, and Stability for the ( $4\beta + \alpha $ ) Conformation of the B1 Domain of Protein G Using Bioinformatics Approaches

The B1 domain of protein G (GB1) is a small, 56 amino acid bacterial immunoglobulin-binding protein with a 4β + α fold. Architecturally, it is composed of a two-layer sandwich consisting of a four-stranded β-sheet that packs against an α-helix. Using several bioinformatics approaches, we investigated which residues may be key determinants of this fold. We identified nine structurally conserved amino acids using a conservation analysis and propose they are critical to forming and stabilizing the fold. The nine conserved residues form a predominantly hydrophobic nucleus within the core of GB1. A network analysis of all the long-range interactions in the structure of GB1 in concert with a betweenness centrality analysis revealed the relative significance of each conserved amino acid residue based on the number and location of the interactions. This bioinformatics analysis provides an important foundation for the design and interpretation of both computational and experimental work which may be helpful in solving the protein folding problem.
Bone marrow enhances the performance of rhBMP-2 in spinal fusion: a rodent model.

BACKGROUND Reliable and rapid bone formation is the goal of biologics and cell-based spinal fusion technologies. While no cell-based therapy alone has been successful, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has been successfully used in a wide spectrum of patients undergoing a variety of spinal fusion procedures since its approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2002. However, the question remains how to improve the biologic efficiency, or osteoinductivity, of rhBMP-2 for successful application in the most challenging patients undergoing spinal fusion or to reduce the doses currently required. The present study investigated how varying the cellular environments through the addition of freshly harvested bone marrow aspirate (BMA) modulates rhBMP-2 efficiency. METHODS An L4-L5 posterolateral intertransverse process spinal fusion procedure was performed in Lewis rats. The implants were a subeffective concentration of 0.006 mg/mL of rhBMP-2/two absorbable collagen sponges (ACS) plus directly applied fresh syngeneic BMA transplants (n = 18), 0.006-mg/mL rhBMP-2/two ACS/side (n = 12), 0.006-mg/mL rhBMP-2/one ACS/side (n = 12), or BMA/one ACS/side (n = 6). Rats were killed at eight weeks and were evaluated with use of manual palpation, radiographs, and biomechanical testing. RESULTS BMA plus 0.006-mg/mL rhBMP-2/ACS significantly increased the L4-L5 fusion rate to 89% (sixteen of eighteen) compared with a base fusion rate of 33% (four of twelve) to 50% (six of twelve) for rats implanted with rhBMP-2/ACS (p < 0.05), with no difference in strength or stiffness between conditions. No fusion or bone formation was observed in the six rats that received BMA/ACS alone. CONCLUSIONS Less rhBMP-2 was needed for effect when mixed with BMA. A nearly twofold increase in the fusion rate was found when BMA was mixed with a deliberate subeffective concentration of rhBMP-2. There was no improvement in terms of fusion strength or stiffness.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Sigma 2 Protein Gene of Turkey Reoviruses

Abstract The open reading frame of the S3 segment encoding the σ2 protein of four turkey reovirus field isolates was analyzed for sequence heterogeneity. The turkey reoviruses we present here have a 97% amino acid identity to turkey NC 98. The S3 nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarity was ≤61% and 78%–80%, respectively, when compared to the chicken reovirus isolates. Comparison of amino acid sequences from chickens and turkeys with that of a duck isolate revealed a 53% and 55% similarity, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses, based on both nucleotide and amino acid sequence, resulted in three major groups among the avian reoviruses; these groups were clearly separated by species. The results of this study provide further evidence, based on the deduced σ2 sequence, that turkey reoviruses form a distinct, separate group relative to chicken and duck isolates. In addition, as a result of the limited sequence identity with their avian counterparts, turkey reoviruses could potentially be considered a separate virus species within subgroup 2 of the Orthoreovirus genus.