Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approximation Algorithms for Sweep Coverage Problem With Multiple Mobile Sensors

Sweep coverage plays an important role in many applications like data gathering, sensing coverage, and devices control. In this paper, we deal with the sweep coverage problem with multiple mobile sensors to periodically cover <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> targets in the surveillance region. We propose three constant-factor approximations, namely, <italic>CycleSplit</italic>, <italic>HeteroCycleSplit</italic>, and <italic>PathSplit</italic>, to minimize the longest sweep period of mobile sensors under different scenarios, respectively. <italic>CycleSplit</italic> deals with the min-period sweep coverage problem (MPSC), in which each mobile sensor works independently along a predetermined trajectory cycle. It has an approximation ratio of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(5-{2}/({n-m+1}))$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which improves the best known approximation ratio of 5. <italic>HeteroCycleSplit</italic> is a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-approximation. It computes the sensor routes for heterogeneous velocity min-period sweep coverage problem (HVMPSC), where each mobile sensor has a different velocity. <italic>PathSplit</italic> is a 2-approximation for connected path min-period sweep coverage problem (CPMPSC). It solves a variant problem of sweep coverage where we need to cover all the given edges. Besides, we also propose an optimal algorithm <italic>DP-MPSC</italic> for min-period sweep coverage problem in 1-D case. Finally, we provide various numerical experiments and comparisons with several previous work to validate the efficiency of our design.
Seagrass die-off in Florida Bay: Long-term trends in abundance and growth of turtle grass,Thalassia testudinum

Beginning in late 1987 Florida Bay experienced a large and unprecedented die-off ofThalassia testudinum. The die-off occurred only in stands of denseT. testudinum. We initiated an experimental monitoring effort in 1989 to attempt to ascertain the cause of this die-off phenomenon. From 1989 to 1995 the abundance and productivity ofT. testudinum was measured at five stations associated with the seagrass die-off and three stations where no die-off had occurred (including one on the seaside of Key Largo, outside of Florida Bay). Early in the study the salinity was very high, exceeding 46 psu, but it has decreased to 29–38 psu in recent years. Seagrass standing crop and either short-shoot density or mass per short shoot declined at nearly all stations, including the stations without die-off (unaffected stations). Over the course of the study, areal productivity declined at three die-off stations; but mass-specific productivity increased at all die-off stations and one unaffected station. Seasonality was pronounced; detrended standardized residuals showed responses for all of the seagrass parameters to be greater than the yearly mean in spring and summer and less than the mean in fall and winter. Detrended residuals also showed decreased productivity to be correlated with increased salinities in the summer despite a long-term record of declining salinities. We propose a conceptual model of the seagrass die-off phenomenon. We document that salinity does contribute to stress onT. testudinum in Florida Bay, but salinity is believed to be only one contributing factor to the loss of seagrasses. The documented increase in the mass-specific productivity ofT. testudinum over the period 1989–1995 suggests seagrasses are growing rapidly in Florida Bay by 1995; we predict that the loss ofT. testudinum may be slowing down and that recovery is possible.
Caffeine- and Potassium-Induced Contractures of Frog Striated Muscle Fibers in Hypertonic Solutions

The effect of hypertonic solutions on the caffeine- and KCl-induced contractures of isolated fibers of frog skeletal muscle was tested. Hypertonic solutions, twice the normal osmotic strength, prepared by adding NaCl or sucrose, potentiate the caffeine-induced contractures. The fibers may develop tensions of 3.6 kg/cm2 of fiber transverse section. The same hypertonic medium reduced the peak tension of KCl-induced contractures. Thus the hypertonic condition does not affect the contractile mechanism itself. These findings give further support to the view that the differential effect of hypertonic solution is on the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism. Extracellular calcium is not essentially required for the first few of a series of caffeine-induced contractures either in hypertonic or in isotonic solutions.
Micro-cracking monitoring and fracture evaluation for crumb rubber concrete based on acoustic emission techniques

A micro-cracking monitoring and fracture evaluation method for crumb rubber concrete based on the acoustic emission technique was developed. The precursory micro-cracking activity and fracture behavior of crumb rubber concrete with different rubber contents, 0%, 10%, and 15%, were analyzed. The various acoustic emission statistical parameters including cumulative event, frequency distribution, amplitude distribution, and b-value were used for the analysis. The general fracture process is similar for all normal and crumb rubber concretes and can be divided into three distinct stages of micro-crack activity, namely, early stage, main collapse stage, and post-fracture stage. The following conclusions were drawn from the analysis: (1) more micro-cracks initiated and grew at early stage in the normal concrete, while less micro-cracks in the crumb rubber concrete but with longer stage duration; (2) the duration and crack number are both increasing with the increase in the rubber contents in main collapse and post-fracture stages; (3) new crack types associated with the rubber particles were recorded due to the change of the peak frequencies; and (4) the amplitude of the cracks decrease with the increase in the rubber content due to the damping ratio and interface improvement by the mixed rubbers. The results obtained in this article demonstrate that the acoustic emission technique can provide valuable information for a better understanding of micro-cracking and fracture monitoring of crumb rubber concrete.
Scaling of energy amplification in viscoelastic channel and Couette flow

The linear amplification of disturbances is critical in setting up transition scenarios in viscoelastic channel and Couette flow, and may also play an important role when such flows are fully turbulent. As such, it is of interest to assess how this amplification, defined as the steady-state variance maintained under Gaussian white noise forcing, scales with the main nondimensional parameters: the Reynolds ($Re$) and Weissenberg ($Wi$) numbers. This scaling is derived analytically in the two limits of strong and weak elasticity for when the forcing is streamwise-constant. The latter is the relevant forcing for capturing the overall behaviour because it was previously shown to have the dominant contribution to amplification. The final expressions show that for weak elasticity the scaling retains a form similar to the well-known O($Re^3$) relationship with an added elastic correction. For strong elasticity, however, the scaling is O($Wi^3$) with a viscous correction. The key factor leading to such a mirroring in the scaling is the introduction of forcing in the polymer stress. The results demonstrate that energy amplification in a viscoelastic flow can be very sensitive to the model parameters even at low $Re$. They also suggest that energy amplification can be significantly increased by forcing the polymer stress, thereby opening up possibilities such as flow control using systematically designed polymer stress perturbations.
Analysis, Control, and Evaluation of Mobility-on-Demand Systems: A Queueing-Theoretical Approach

This paper presents a queueing-theoretical approach to the analysis, control, and evaluation of mobility-on-demand (MoD) systems for urban personal transportation. A MoD system consists of a fleet of vehicles providing one-way car-sharing service and a team of drivers to rebalance such vehicles. The drivers then rebalance themselves by driving select customers similar to a taxi service. We model the MoD system as two coupled closed Jackson networks with passenger loss. We show that the system can be approximately balanced by solving two decoupled linear programs and exactly balanced through nonlinear optimization. The rebalancing techniques are applied to a system sizing example using taxi data in three neighborhoods of Manhattan. Finally, we formulate a real-time closed-loop rebalancing policy for drivers and perform case studies of two hypothetical MoD systems in Manhattan and Hangzhou, China. We show that the taxi demand in Manhattan can be met with the same number of vehicles in a MoD system, but only requires 1/3 to 1/4 the number of drivers; in Hangzhou, where customer demand is highly unbalanced, higher driver-to-vehicle ratios are required to achieve good quality of service.
GKN2 increases apoptosis, reduces the proliferation and invasion ability of gastric cancer cells through down-regulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of gastric motility protein 2 (GKN2) on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of gastric cancer cell and on the JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. METHODS Expression of GKN2 was qualified using Western blot analysis in four gastric cancer cell lines and immortalized human gastric mucosal epithelial cell line GES-1. The cells were then transfected with pcDNA3.1-GKN2 and control vector using Lipofectaminetm2000 and assayed for viability, apoptosis, cell cycle changes, invasion ability as well as expression of cell cycle protein D1 (Cylin D1), Bcl-2, Bax, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, JAK2 and p-STAT3. RESULTS Western blot analyses showed that the expression of GKN2 was significantly lower in 4 gastric cancer cell lines (BGC-823, SGC-7901, AGS and MKN-45) than in GES-1. Of them, SGC-7901 had the lowest expression. The line was chosen for subsequent transfection experiments. Compared with control (transfection with empty vector), pcDNA3.1-GKN2-transfected cells had significantly more GKN2 protein and mRNA, decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, more cells arrested at G1 phase and reduced invasiveness. Expression analyses showed that expression of Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, MMP2, MMP9, JAK2 and STAT3 was significantly down-regulated, while Bax was significantly up-regulated. CONCLUSION Over-expression of GKN2 can increase apoptosis, reduce proliferation and invasion ability of gastric cancer cells as a result of down-regulated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Micromechanics Based Model for Long Fibre Polymer Matrix Composite Materials using a Functionally Graded Interphase

In order to incorporate more composite materials in mass production vehicles within the automotive industry, compression moulding manufacturing techniques have been developed. Using processes such as Sheet Moulding Compound (SMC), and Direct Long Fibre Thermoplastic (DLFT), composite parts can be manufactured at a cycle time quick enough for use in mass production vehicles. Composites present a large opportunity to reduce vehicle mass as they have high specific strength and stiffness compared to metallic structural materials. They also do not corrode and are more formable then equivalent metallic materials. However, in order to design a vehicle in the virtual space one needs to be able to accurately predict the response of the materials used in crash simulations. The microstructure of SMC and DLFT parts is very different from the laminated composite structures used in other industries. The orientation of the fibres in the material changes during the manufacturing process. The resulting fibre orientations are three dimensional in nature. The existing theories that have been developed for modelling laminated two dimensional composite materials are not applicable to these materials, especially for predicting material failure. To predict failure in composite materials details of the micromechanics are required, as they drive the failure phenomena. A framework which is three dimensional and takes the fibre orientation into account is required to accurately model these material systems. A micro mechanics homogenization technique is developed where the material properties in the region surrounding the fibre change as a function of position within a unit cell representative of the composite. The change of properties around the fibre is known as a functionally graded interphase (FGI). This modelling method quasi satisfies the equilibrium condition between the fibre and matrix. Through the use of an interphase instead of an interface, it allows any number of aligned fibres to be represented as a single representative fibre. The stresses in the fibre and matrix are combined to predict the elastic stress strain response of a composite. A generalized solution to this problem is developed, where the stress changes as a function of position within the FGI. This allows the modelling framework to be applied to instances where the matrix material is plastically deforming. The strain in the representative fibre is determined using Eshelby’s solution to the inclusion problem from the strain applied to the far field of the composite unit cell (or finite element). Since the strain in the representative fibre and bulk matrix material is different a third deformation region called the interphase matrix is included within the FGI and accommodates the additional strain through a compatibility condition. The resulting solution allows for the stress and
Slow-Wave Groove Gap Waveguide Bandpass Filter

Gap waveguide (GW) is a promising technology for its advantages of self-package and easy assembly without the requirement of contact. In this paper, a miniaturized groove GW (GGW) called slow-wave GGW (SW-GGW) is presented for the first time. The slow-wave feature is implemented by introducing symmetrical capacitive quasi-periodic corrugations inside the GGW. To obtain more design and manufacturing flexibility, all the four walls of the SW-GGW are separated utilizing the gap waveguide technology. A six-order iris SW-GGW band-pass filter is designed, whose length is reduced to 57.1% of the conventional iris rectangular waveguide filter with the same response. The irises of the SW-GGW filter are located on the broad-side walls in half-height form. This configuration not only reduces the manufacturing complexity but also makes it possible to implement filter with different responses by simply replacing the broad-side walls. The measured fractional bandwidth (FBW) of the SWGGW filter is around 3.88% at 11.87 GHz with the return loss better than 18 dB and minimum insertion loss of 0.5 dB.
3D printing of shape memory polymer (SMP)/carbon black (CB) nanocomposites with electro-responsive toughness enhancement

In this work, a simple approach to 3D printing of carbon black based shape memory polymer nanocomposites (SMP/CB) with toughness improving capabilities during programing stage using electrical stimulus is reported. Conductive SMP/CB nanocomposites, consisting of commercial SMP filled with conductive CB nanoparticles, were fabricated using solvent casting and single screw extrusion processes. Subsequently, material extrusion (ME) technique was used to 3D print dog bones type IV specimens for tensile test and electrical stimulus. It was found that SMP/CB electrical conductivity can be tuned by the filler fraction. In addition, electrical current passing through SMP/CB nanocomposites causes temperature increments and changes on material strength condition. Temperature profiles at various electrical current levels are reported. Moreover, Young’s modulus and toughness of the 3D printed specimens subjected and not subjected to electrical current are presented. It was observed that conductive SMP/CB specimens responded to electrical current stimulus by increasing their toughness four times higher than with no current applied during tensile test. This paper is a reference for rheological and conductive properties of SMP/CB nanocomposites fabricated by ME 3D printing process.
CompMap: a reference-based compression program to speed up read mapping to related reference sequences

SUMMARY Exhaustive mapping of next-generation sequencing data to a set of relevant reference sequences becomes an important task in pathogen discovery and metagenomic classification. However, the runtime and memory usage increase as the number of reference sequences and the repeat content among these sequences increase. In many applications, read mapping time dominates the entire application. We developed CompMap, a reference-based compression program, to speed up this process. CompMap enables the generation of a non-redundant representative sequence for the input sequences. We have demonstrated that reads can be mapped to this representative sequence with a much reduced time and memory usage, and the mapping to the original reference sequences can be recovered with high accuracy. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION CompMap is implemented in C and freely available at http://csse.szu. edu.cn/staff/zhuzx/CompMap/. CONTACT xiaoyang@broadinstitute.org SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
DumbNet: a smart data center network fabric with dumb switches

Today's data center networks have already pushed many functions to hosts. A fundamental question is how to divide functions between network and software. We present DumbNet, a new data center network architecture with no state in switches. DumbNet switches have no forwarding tables, no state, and thus require no configurations. Almost all control plane functions are pushed to hosts: they determine the entire path of a packet and then write the path as tags in the packet header. Switches only need to examine the tags to forward packets and monitor the port state. We design a set of host-based mechanisms to make the new architecture viable, from network bootstrapping and topology maintenance to network routing and failure handling. We build a prototype with 7 switches and 27 servers, as well as an FPGA-based switch. Extensive evaluations show that DumbNet achieves performance comparable to traditional networks, supports application-specific extensions like flowlet-based traffic engineering, and stays extremely simple and easy-to-manage.
Urban-Scale Human Mobility Modeling With Multi-Source Urban Network Data

Expanding our knowledge about human mobility is essential for building efficient wireless protocols and mobile applications. Previous mobility studies have typically been built upon empirical single-source data (e.g., cellphone or transit data), which inevitably introduces a bias against residents not contributing this type of data, e.g., call detail records cannot be obtained from the residents without cellphone activities, and transit data cannot cover the residents who walk or ride private vehicles. To address this issue, we propose and implement a novel architecture mPat to explore human mobility using multi-source urban network data. A reference implementation of mPat was developed at an unprecedented scale upon the urban infrastructures of Shenzhen, China. The novelty and uniqueness of mPat lie in its three layers: 1) a data feed layer consisting of real-time data feeds from various urban networks with 24 thousand vehicles, 16 million smart cards, and 10 million cellphones; 2) a mobility abstraction layer exploring correlation and divergence among multi-source data to infer human mobility with a context-aware optimization model based on block coordinate decent; and 3) an application layer to improve urban efficiency based on the human mobility findings of the study. The evaluation shows that mPat achieves a 79% inference accuracy, and that its real-world application reduces passenger travel time by 36%.
Distributed Distortion-Rate Optimized Compressed Sensing in Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper addresses lossy distributed source coding for acquiring correlated sparse sources via compressed sensing (CS) in wireless sensor networks. Noisy CS measurements are separately encoded at a finite rate by each sensor, followed by the joint reconstruction of the sources at the decoder. We develop a novel complexity-constrained distributed variable-rate quantized CS method, which minimizes a weighted sum between the mean square error signal reconstruction distortion and the average encoding rate. The encoding complexity of each sensor is restrained by pre-quantizing the encoder input, i.e., the CS measurements, via vector quantization. Following the entropy-constrained design, each encoder is modeled as a quantizer followed by a lossless entropy encoder, and variable-rate coding is incorporated via rate measures of an entropy bound. For a two-sensor system, necessary optimality conditions are derived, practical training algorithms are proposed, and complexity analysis is provided. Numerical results show that the proposed method achieves superior compression performance as compared with baseline methods, and lends itself to versatile setups with different performance requirements.
Knockdown of fibrous sheath interacting protein 1 expression reduces bladder urothelial carcinoma cell proliferation and induces apoptosis via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway

Background FSIP1 plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In bladder cancer, FSIP1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma. In this study, we investigated whether FSIP1 is essential in the progression of bladder cancer and the mechanism by which it mediates this effect. Methods FSIP1 expression was knocked down in bladder cancer cells using lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA). FSIP1 expression was detected using Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effects of FSIP1 knockdown on tumor cells were assessed using colony formation, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and flow cytometry (FCM) apoptosis assays in vitro and BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model in vivo. Results The findings suggested that FSIP1 protein was highly expressed in bladder cancer cell lines. Knockdown of FSIP1 resulted in reduced tumor cell viability, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and apoptosis of bladder cancer cell lines (P<0.05). Moreover, knockdown of FSIP1 expression suppressed the tumor formation and growth of bladder cancer xenografts (P<0.05). At the gene level, knockdown of FSIP1 expression downregulated the activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion This study demonstrated that knockdown of FSIP1 suppressed bladder cancer cell malignant behaviors in vitro and in vivo through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that targeting FSIP1 could be further evaluated as a potential therapeutic strategy in bladder cancer.
A system for activity recognition using multi-sensor fusion

This paper proposes a system for activity recognition using multi-sensor fusion. In this system, four sensors are attached to the waist, chest, thigh, and side of the body. In the study we present two solutions for factors that affect the activity recognition accuracy: the calibration drift and the sensor orientation changing. The datasets used to evaluate this system were collected from 8 subjects who were asked to perform 8 scripted normal activities of daily living (ADL), three times each. The Naïve Bayes classifier using multi-sensor fusion is adopted and achieves 70.88%-97.66% recognition accuracies for 1–4 sensors.