Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A configurational approach to the integration of strategy and organization research

Strategic Organization was founded on the belief that strategy and organization research needs to be integrated. We agree that such integration is a worthy objective and are optimistic that it can be achieved. The main reason for our optimism is that the subfield of organization design already resides at the intersection of strategy and organization research, and its framework of theoretical models and application approaches provides a basis for integration. The integration of strategy and organization is needed not only theoretically but practically as well. Empirical research suggests that external factors (e.g. industry conditions) account for roughly 19 percent of a firm’s performance, while developing a sound competitive strategy and organization is responsible for about 32 percent of performance results (McGahan and Porter, 1997, 2003; Reufli and Wiggins, 2003). Clearly, better practice aided by better theory can make a big difference in a firm’s performance, and Strategic Organization should be at the forefront of providing such theory. In addition, we believe that theorists need to be more concerned about practical issues, especially with developing theories that help managers prepare their organizations for the future. For this essay, we define the organization design literature as those works that have been written expressly for designers and practitioners (Galbraith, 1973, 1977, 2000; Nystrom and Starbuck, 1981; Nadler and Tushman, 1997; Goold and Campbell, 2002) as well as the major theoretical frameworks that have been widely used in practice (Drucker, 1946; Weber, 1947; Chandler, 1962; Miles and Snow, 1978; Nohria and Ghoshal, 1997). Based on our assessment of this literature, we think it is unfortunate that the organization design STRATEGIC ORGANIZATION Vol 3(4): 431–439 DOI: 10.1177/1476127005057965 Copyright ©2005 Sage Publications (London,Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi) http://soq.sagepub. com
Impact of Pharmaceutical Industry Promotion Mix on Doctor's Prescribing Behaviour

This study was conducted to develop a simple framework for finding out the impact of the different kinds of promotional tools offered by pharmaceutical industry on the prescribing behaviour of doctors. Moreover the study also focused on whether the perception of physicians towards various promotional tools is different with respect to demographic variables. Well-structured schedule was developed for conducting the study. Judgmental sampling method was followed. Survey was conducted and data was analyzed on the basis of responses provided by 523 respondents. Researcher has applied factor analysis for data reduction and ANOVA & F-test for hypothesis testing. Findings of the study can help the marketing managers of pharmaceutical companies in designing their promotional strategies especially for doctors.
Cost-effectiveness of early interventions for non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled study investigating medical yoga, exercise therapy and self-care advice.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of medical yoga as an early intervention compared with evidence-based exercise therapy and self-care advice for non-specific low back pain. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial with a cost-effectiveness analysis. SUBJECTS A total of 159 participants randomized into the medical yoga group (n = 52), the exercise therapy group (n = 52) and the self-care advice group (n = 55). METHODS The health outcome measure EQ-5D was applied to measure quality of life data combined with cost data collected from treatment groups from baseline to 12 months follow-up. Outcome measure was health-related quality of life (HRQL). Incremental cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) was also calculated. Cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted primarily from the societal and employer perspectives. RESULTS Medical yoga is cost-effective compared with self-care advice if an employer considers the significant improvement in the HRQL of an employee with low back pain justifies the additional cost of treatment (i.e. in this study EUR 150). From a societal perspective, medical yoga is a cost-effective treatment compared with exercise therapy and self-care advice if an additional QALY is worth EUR 11,500. Sensitivity analysis suggests that medical yoga is more cost-effective than its alternatives. CONCLUSION Six weeks of uninterrupted medical yoga thera-py is a cost-effective early intervention for non-specific low back pain, when treatment recommendations are adhered to.
Minimum detection of power transformer short circuit fault using frequency response analysis

The majority of mechanical deformation within power transformers is due to short circuit faults. Although, frequency response analysis (FRA) has been recently recognized as the most reliable detection tool for mechanical deformation in transformers, in the event of minor fault, the current FRA interpretation approach may not able to detect any variations between healthy and faulty FRA signatures. This paper is aimed at identifying the minimum level of short circuit fault within power transformer that can be detected using FRA technique. In this regard, the physical geometrical dimension of a three-phase transformer has been simulated using three-dimensional finite element analysis to emulate the physical operating conditions of power transformers. Short-circuit faults within transformer winding are simulated at several fault levels and the FRA signature for each case study is obtained and compared with the healthy signature. Results show that there is a minimum detection level of short circuit faults that can be detected using FRA technique.
Effects of the Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele on Functional MRI during n-Back Working Memory Tasks in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: APOE4 is the best-documented genetic risk factor for sporadic AD. Previous research showed that APOE4 is associated with increased risk of occurrence and earlier onset of AD in a gene dose–dependent manner. However, the specific role of APOE4 in processing of brain functions requires further investigation. Investigators have used fMRI to measure brain activity on the basis of the blood oxygen level–dependent contrast. This study investigates the effects of APOE4 on fMRI during n-back WM tasks in healthy middle-aged adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 110 participants, 81 individuals without objective or subjective cognitive impairment underwent APOE genotyping. Nine APOE4 carriers and 9 age- and sex-matched non-APOE4 controls were recruited for fMRI examinations during WM tasks. RESULTS: Both groups displayed increased brain activation in response to increases in WM loads. During low-WM-load tasks, the APOE4 carriers recruited significantly greater additional processing resources than the non-APOE4 carriers. During moderate- and high-WM-load tasks, the APOE4 carrier group displayed fewer increases in activation than the non-APOE4 carrier group. CONCLUSIONS: APOE genetic polymorphisms may affect brain functioning in subjects without dementia. The patterns of brain activation during different levels of WM load suggest possible subclinical impairment of WM capacity in APOE4 carriers (ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT01287819).
Formal Choice Models in Marketing

The paper gives an overview and evaluates the theoretical traditions underlying choice models that are used in marketing. In particular, the emphasis of this essay is on the underlying assumptions, limitations and empirical demands of these choice models. Four fundamental choice models are used as a basis to analyze this complex field; the neoclassical economic theory as extended by Lancaster, the Risk-Preference Theory of Choices under uncertainty, the Strict Utility Theory and the Random Utility Theory. These four choice models and their extensions are compared and contrasted along the three critical steps in the model building process: theory generation, parameterization and estimation.
The cost of corruption in the Italian solid waste industry

The article investigates the link between corruption and efficiency using a rich micro-level data set on solid waste collection activities in 529 Italian municipalities observed over the years 2004–2006. To test the impact of corruption on cost efficiency, we estimate a latent class stochastic frontier model accounting for technological heterogeneity across units. The results of our estimates show that corruption significantly increases inefficiency, a finding that is robust to the inclusion of alternative local corruption indicators and other control variables such as geographical, demographic, and political factors. Finally, we find that the impact of corruption tends to be greater in the southern regions of the country and in those municipalities that are less involved in recycling activities.
Audit expectations gap and corporate fraud: Empirical evidence from Iran

The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence of the audit expectations gap concerning auditors' responsibilities for preventing and detecting fraud among auditors, financial managers and investors. The survey instrument was a questionnaire used in Hassink et al. (2009) with minor modifications, according to auditing standards and auditing profession in Iran. The questionnaire consisted of 34 statements, which was divided into four groups: fraud definition (Questions 1 to 10), auditors' responsibility for detecting fraud (Questions 11 to 22), auditors' responsibility for further investigating suspicions of fraud (Questions 23 to 28), and reporting detected fraud to the supervisory board and society (Questions 29 to 34). Questionnaires were distributed among respondents. Finally, 147 questionnaires were collected. The significance of the gaps was measured using Independent-sample t-tests. The survey results provided evidence of an audit expectations gap among three groups of respondents regarding auditors' responsibilities for preventing and detecting fraud. Key words: Audit expectations gap, fraud, auditors, business managers, investors, auditing standards.
An improvement of double emulsion technique for preparing bovine serum albumin-loaded PLGA microspheres

A modified double emulsion technique was adopted to prepare bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded poly (D,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres. In the formulations, polysorbates (Tween) such as Tween20®, Tween40® or Tween80®, instead of frequently used poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), was used as the emulsifier. Microspheres with porous surface, large particle size, low microsphere yield (∼65.4%) and BSA entrapment efficiency (∼25.2%) were obtained when Tween80® aqueous solution alone was used as the outer aqueous phase. However, microspheres with smooth surface, high yield and BSA entrapment efficiency could be produced successfully by introducing sodium chloride or glucose into the outer aqueous phase. Adding 5.0%(w/v) sodium chloride into the continuous phase led to increase in microsphere yield and BSA entrapment efficiency from 65.4% and 25.2% to ∼100% and 76.6%, respectively. Microsphere yield and BSA entrapment efficiency increased from 64.5% and 25.2% to 97.2% and 89.3%, respectively, when 15.0%(w/v) glucose was added into the continuous phase. In constrast to the microspheres prepared in the presence of additive, a more marked burst release was observed for microspheres prepared without additive in the continuous phase, which may be attributed to the porous morphology of the latter.
Transcriptional Coactivators Are Not Required for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Immediate-Early Gene Expression In Vitro

ABSTRACT Virion protein 16 (VP16) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a potent transcriptional activator of viral immediate-early (IE) genes. The VP16 activation domain can recruit various transcriptional coactivators to target gene promoters. However, the role of transcriptional coactivators in HSV-1 IE gene expression during lytic infection had not been fully defined. We showed previously that transcriptional coactivators such as the p300 and CBP histone acetyltransferases and the BRM and Brg-1 chromatin remodeling complexes are recruited to viral IE gene promoters in a manner dependent mostly on the presence of the activation domain of VP16. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that these transcriptional coactivators are required for viral IE gene expression during infection of cultured cells. The disrupted expression of the histone acetyltransferases p300, CBP, PCAF, and GCN5 or the BRM and Brg-1 chromatin remodeling complexes did not diminish IE gene expression. Furthermore, IE gene expression was not impaired in cell lines that lack functional p300, or BRM and Brg-1. We also tested whether these coactivators are required for the VP16-dependent induction of IE gene expression from transcriptionally inactive viral genomes associated with high levels of histones in cultured cells. We found that the disruption of coactivators also did not affect IE gene expression in this context. Thus, we conclude that the transcriptional coactivators that can be recruited by VP16 do not contribute significantly to IE gene expression during lytic infection or the induction of IE gene expression from nucleosomal templates in vitro.
CURRENCY ARRANGEMENTS AND GOODS MARKET INTEGRATION: A PRICE BASED APPROACH

Recent studies of the effect of currency arrangements on goods market integration (starting with Rose, 2000) employ a methodology based on volumes of trade. However, the connection between market integration and trade flows can be loose. In this paper, we adopt a different methodology that uses a 3-dimensional panel of prices of 95 very disaggregated goods (e.g., light bulbs) in 83 cities around the world from 1990 to 2000. We find that the impact of an institutionalized stabilization of the exchange rate, i.e., a currency board or a currency union, generally provides a stimulus to goods market integration that goes far beyond reducing exchange rate volatility to zero. However, there are important exceptions. Among the institutional arrangements, long-term currency unions demonstrate greater integration than more recent currency boards. All of them can improve their integration further relative to a U.S. benchmark.
The Prevalence of Violence in Post-Conflict Societies: A Case Study of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

After war — so the common definition suggests — comes peace. Recent research, however, shows that post-conflict societies sometimes experience levels of violence comparable to those in times of civil war. What changes are the labels under which violence is recorded and discussed. Political, conflict-related violence between armed groups, the government and civilians becomes ‘ordinary crime’ after conflict is officially resolved. This article argues that the divide between ‘violence’ and ‘crime’ is of conceptual rather than empirical nature. It employs a strictly empirical analysis of forms of violence in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) to show how certain manifestations of violence persist long after armed conflict is over. The study concludes that, instead of being treated as an inevitable consequence of apartheid history and enduring socioeconomic ills, violence needs to be an immediate focus of post-conflict development agendas.
Monopsony and the Lifetime Relation between Wages and Productivity

We consider the relation between wages and productivity by means of a model based on the following assumptions. Workers live for 2 periods, firms live forever, senior workers differ nontrivially from junior, seniority enhances workers' expected second-period earnings, both firms and workers recognize the prospect of promotion and the senior-junior wage differential at the time of hiring, and firms have monopsony power in hiring junior workers. We show that senior wages are equal to the senior marginal product, but junior wages are set below the junior marginal product by an amount that depends on the elasticity of the firm's labor supply.
Fluorescein Analogues Inhibit SecA ATPase: The First Sub‐micromolar Inhibitor of Bacterial Protein Translocation

SecA is a central component of the general secretion system that is essential for bacterial growth and thus an ideal target for antimicrobial agents. A series of fluorescein analogues were first screened against the ATPase activity using the truncated unregulated SecA catalytic domain. Rose bengal (RB) and erythrosin B (EB) were found to be potent inhibitors SecA with IC50 values of 0.5 μM and 2 μM, respectively. RB and EB inhibit the catalytic SecA ATPase more effectively than the F1F0‐proton ATPase. We used three assays to test the effect of these compounds on full‐length SecA ATPase: in solution (intrinsic ATPase), in membrane preparation, and translocation ATPase. RB and EB show the following trend in terms of IC50 values: translocation ATPase
Effect of chronic cold stress on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and inflammation in rats

The present study evaluated the effect of chronic cold stress on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and inflammation. Male Wistar rats were subjected to cold exposure for three weeks. At the end of the cold exposure, intestinal cell proliferation, luminal nitrite and protein levels, intestinal myeloperoxidase activity and mast cell numbers were evaluated. Severely compromised proliferation rate of the crypt-base cells was observed under chronic stress conditions. Cells isolated from stressed rats showed a decreased DNA content in villus and lower villus cell fractions and an increased DNA content in the crypt cells, as compared to controls. Chronic cold stress resulted in increased luminal nitrite, luminal protein levels, and intestinal myeloperoxidase activity. The number of mast cells was significantly elevated under chronic stress conditions. Chronic cold stress resulted in a compromised intestinal epithelial cell proliferation rate and induced inflammation in the rat small intestine, through the combined action of nitric oxide, neutrophils and mast cells.
The weekend effect, good news, bad news and the Financial Times Industrial Ordinary Shares Index: 1935-94

In recent years much evidence has been documented of the existence of regularities in stock price returns, and consequently the notion of market efficiency has been questioned. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the 'weekend' effect for a large sample of daily returns from the Financial Times Industrial Ordinary Shares Index (FT 30). Empirical results lead us to tentatively suggest that a weekend effect has existed for the FT 30, but that this regularity has not been persistent. We then partition the Monday returns into positive and negative returns, and find that whilst the weekend effect holds for the Mondays, with negative returns, it fails to hold for Mondays which exhibit positive returns. These results support the results of earlier research. Finally we conclude that these results do not contest the notion of market efficiency.
Spatial factors as contextual qualifiers of information seeking

Introduccion. Este articulo investiga las maneras en que se han considerado los factores espaciales en los estudios de busqueda de informacion. La atencion principal se centro en los estudios que analizan la busqueda de informacion a nivel de seleccion y uso de fuentes. Metodo. El analisis conceptual de aproximadamente 100 articulos y libros tematizando cuestiones espaciales de busqueda de informacion. Por motivos de "economia" de investigacion, la atencion principal se presto a los estudios de busqueda de informacion en la vida cotidiana. Resultados. Se identificaron tres puntos de vista importantes respecto al grado de objetividad de los factores espaciales. La aproximacion objetivista concibe los factores espaciales como calificadores externos y de entidad que principalmente restringen la busqueda de informacion. La aproximacion realista-pragmatica enfatiza las maneras en que las fuentes de informacion, disponibles en los diferentes sitios como los entornos de trabajo diario, orientan la busqueda de informacion. La aproximacion perspectivista se centra en como las personas evaluan subjetivamente la importancia de diferentes fuentes por medio de estructuras espaciales como los horizontes de informacion. Conclusion. Los factores espaciales son centralmente calificadores contextuales importantes de busqueda de informacion. Es necesario explorar el potencial de los puntos de vista anteriores relacionando los factores espaciales y temporales de busqueda de informacion.
Building trust in project‐stakeholder relationships

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate how trust can be built in a relationship between a project and its stakeholders.Design/methodology/approach – The empirical data are based on a qualitative case study with in‐depth interviews following a semi‐structured approach. A Norwegian project, the new opera house, is studied. This is a large public construction project, with a great deal of media and public attention by Norwegian society.Findings – The study results show that trust is built in a project‐stakeholder relationship by improving communication skills, behaving reliably, showing commitment, being sincere, benevolent and competent, obtaining and acting with integrity, working towards reaching project milestones and establishing common goals.Research limitations/implications – Future research should investigate other scenarios, types of projects, cultures and countries, so that these findings may be generalized.Practical implications – This research concludes that trust is important for .
International R&D Spillovers, Absorptive Capacity and Relative Backwardness: A Panel Smooth Transition Regression Model

We investigate how a country's absorptive capacity and relative backwardness affect the impact of international R&D spillovers on domestic Total Factor Productivity (TFP). To account for nonlinearities, we adopt a Panel Smooth Transition Regression approach, where a country's TFP elasticity to the foreign R&D stock is allowed to change smoothly across various identified extreme values, and the change is related to observable transition variables: human capital (capturing the country's absorptive capacity) and relative backwardness. The results suggest that absorptive capacity is positively associated with international R&D spillovers. In contrast with previous results, relative backwardness is instead found to have a negative and significant impact on international knowledge spillovers.
The Impact of Intermediate Input Price Changes on Food Prices: An Analysis of "From-the-Ground-Up" Effects

The impact of intermediate input price increases on food prices is analyzed assuming the producers can pass through increased production costs to final consumers. Five scenarios of input price increases are empirically examined. Findings indicate that the meat processing sector has a strong dependence on intermediate inputs (livestock), and an increase in livestock prices would have a greater impact on processed meat prices than would any other intermediate input price increases. Price increases in the service sector would result in overall price increases in food prices comparable to increases in intermediate agricultural commodities. Further, price increases in nondurable goods have more influence on food price increases than durable goods.