Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Models for Concurrency

This is a draft version of a chapter for the Handbook of Logic and the Foundations of Computer Science, Oxford University Press. The final draft can be found as DAIMI PB 463. It surveys a range of models for parallel computation to include interleaving models like transition systems, synchronisation trees and languages (often called Hoare traces in this context), and models like Petri nets, asynchronous transition systems, event structures, pomsets and Mazurkiewicz traces where concurrency is represented more explicitly by a form of causal independence. The presentation is unified by casting the models in a category-theoretic framework. One aim is to use category theory to provide abstract characterisations of constructions like parallel composition valid throughout a range of different models and to provide formal means for translating between different models. It is still a draft at present. In particular, the ''Notes'' surveying related work are incomplete and the appendix on fibred categories needs to be overhauled in the light of some slick proofs, provided by Bart Jacobs. It is ragged in other places too. Constructive comments and corrections will be appreciated. A knowledge of basic category theory is assumed, up to an acquaintance with the notion of adjunction.
Health Eff ects of Temporary Jobs in Europe # 295

Over the last two decades, temporary employment has gained importance in the European Union. The implications of this development for the health of the workforce are not yet established. Using a unique individual-level data set for 27 European countries, this paper evaluates whether temporary employment is interrelated with self-assessed health. We fi nd pronounced diff erences in self-assessed health by employment status across European countries. Furthermore, in the EU full-time permanent employed workers report the best health, followed by temporary and part-time employed workers. These diff erences largely vanish, when taking into account the potential endogeneity between employment status and self-assessed health. However, repeated temporary contracts have a signifi cant negative impact on health. JEL Classifi cation: J62
A video-based system for acquiring biomechanical data synchronized with arbitrary events and activities

A video-based data acquisition and interactive multimedia data extraction system are described for measuring and synchronizing large quantities of biomechanical analog data with arbitrary events and activities. Analog signals from up to 32 channels are digitized, frequency-shift key (FSK) coded, and recorded directly onto the audio tracks of a video tape in synchronization with the video information. The data acquisition system includes an A/D converter that digitizes up to 16 multiplexed channels of 8-b data at a fixed sample rate between 60 and 960 Hz, and an FSK modem that transfers the data onto one of two VHS high fidelity (20 Hz-20 kHz bandwidth) audio tracks. Twenty megabytes of digitized data and time codes, along with associated video and normal audio are contained on a conventional 120-min video tape. An analyst interactively reviews the video tape off-line using a computer-controlled VCR and identifies specific events that divide arbitrary activities into time segments. The computer automatically extracts the biomechanical data corresponding to each time segment for further processing or analysis. This system is useful for ergonomics, gait analysis, sports medicine, sleep laboratory, biomechanics, or any application where complex visual events are synchronized with low-frequency analog data. <<ETX>>
Constraint-Based Local Search for Inventory Control Under Stochastic Demand and Lead Time

In this paper, we address the general multiperiod production/inventory problem with nonstationary stochastic demand and supplier lead time under service-level constraints. A replenishment cycle policy is modeled. We propose two hybrid algorithms that blend constraint programming and local search for computing near-optimal policy parameters. Both algorithms rely on a coordinate descent local search strategy; what differs is the way this strategy interacts with the constraint programming solver. These two heuristics are first, compared for small instances against an existing optimal solution method. Second, they are tested and compared with each other in terms of solution quality and run time on a set of larger instances that are intractable for the exact approach. Our numerical experiments show the effectiveness of our methods.
Application of Plant-Growth-Promoting Fungi Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 Enhances Tolerance of Wheat to Salt Stress through Improvement of Antioxidative Defense System and Gene Expression

Soil salinity is a serious problem worldwide that reduces agricultural productivity. Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 (T6) has been shown to promote wheat growth and induce plant resistance to parasitic nematodes, but whether the plant-growth-promoting fungi T6 can enhance plant tolerance to salt stress is unknown. Here, we determined the effect of plant-growth-promoting fungi T6 on wheat seedlings’ growth and development under salt stress, and investigated the role of T6 in inducing the resistance to NaCl stress at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Wheat seedlings were inoculated with the strain of T6 and then compared with non-inoculated controls. Shoot height, root length, and shoot and root weights were measured on 15 days old wheat seedlings grown either under 150 mM NaCl or in a controlled setting without any NaCl. A number of colonies were re-isolated from the roots of wheat seedlings under salt stress. The relative water content in the leaves and roots, chlorophyll content, and root activity were significantly increased, and the accumulation of proline content in leaves was markedly accelerated with the plant growth parameters, but the content of leaf malondialdehyde under saline condition was significantly decreased. The antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in wheat seedlings were increased by 29, 39, and 19%, respectively, with the application of the strain of T6 under salt stress; the relative expression of SOD, POD, and CAT genes in these wheat seedlings were significantly up-regulated. Our results indicated that the strain of T6 ameliorated the adverse effects significantly, protecting the seedlings from salt stress during their growth period. The possible mechanisms by which T6 suppresses the negative effect of NaCl stress on wheat seedling growth may be due to the improvement of the antioxidative defense system and gene expression in the stressed wheat plants.
Deterministic and probabilistic algorithms for stabilizing discrete-time switched linear systems

In this article we study algorithmic synthesis of the class of stabilizing switching signals for discrete-time switched linear systems proposed in [12]. A weighted digraph is associated in a natural way to a switched system, and the switching signal is expressed as an infinite walk on this weighted digraph. We employ graph-theoretic tools and discuss different algorithms for designing walks whose corresponding switching signals satisfy the stabilizing switching conditions proposed in [12]. We also address the issue of how likely/generic it is for a family of systems to admit stabilizing switching signals, and under mild assumptions give sufficient conditions for the same. Our solutions have both deterministic and probabilistic flavours.
The Hybrid Integration of Perceptual Symbol Systems and Interactive Reinforcement Learning

In order to produce robots which can interact more effectively with humans we propose that it is necessary for their cognitive processes to be grounded in the same perceptual elements as humans deal with. Perceptual symbol systems offer an attractive mechanism for capturing the symbolic properties of the senses and for integrating them into higher level cognitive processes. We have designed a perceptual symbol system where the robot learns about objects through interaction and reinforcement and have carried out experiments to assess the merits of this approach. We show that the use of human perceptual elements combined with interactive reinforcement leads to intuitive learning and interpretable knowledge structures.
Postmodern Social Theory: Representational Practices*

in the world that is alive and open, and not boring. The core of that sensibility is doubt that any discourse has a privileged place, any method or theory a universal and general claim to authoritative knowledge. Wherever truth is claimed, so is power; the claim to truth is a claim to power (Foucault 1978). So, micro or macro, positivist or naturalist, functionalist or conflict theorist, scientist and humanist-we all stand at last as distrusted co-equals in the postmodernist universe, all of us suspected of lusting in our theorizing hearts to shape the ongoing course of history. Once the veil of privileged truth is lifted, feminism, Afro-American, gay, and other disparaged discourses rise to the same epistemological status as the dominant discourse. With the monotone of power interests exposed, a multitude of voices speakssome with straightforward political and moral agendas, some still claiming innocence. The conversations at last are interesting, new, because the conversants are equally legitimate before the epistemological tribunal. With the deconstruction of epistemic privilege comes the possibility of alternative criteria for evaluating sociological production. Moral implications, practical applications, aesthetic pleasure, fun, performativity, credibility are other possible criteria for choosing one discourse rather than another. Sociology's Faustian bargain, in which the humanities were granted the domains of beauty and morality, science the domain of "the truth," can now be contravened. With philosophical impunity sociologists can interrupt their own discursive spaces, reflect on their modes of production, their power interests, and explore writing/performing/teaching/sharing sociology both as a "science" and as a public or aesthetic or practical or morally charged discourse. It is entirely obvious that persons whose power positions have been concealed behind notions of general, universal, Archimedean truth would resist postmodernism. I even have some compassion for their plight. They have no power to gain through postmodernism-only position to lose. Why would they voluntarily give up their dominion? They might gain intellectual consistency-the application of the sociological axiomatic, the sociohistorical location of knowledge, to their own productionsbut consistency is easily sacrificed before the altar of power. Postmodernism appeals to and benefits marginalized people who have been locally and historically denied
Regulation of thyroid hormones on the production of testosterone in rats

The effects of a thyroidectomy and thyroxine (T4) replacement on the spontaneous and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)‐stimulated secretion of testosterone and the production of adenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in rat testes were studied. Thyroidectomy decreased the basal levels of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone, which delayed the maximal response of testosterone to gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) and hCG in male rats. T4 replacement in thyroparathyroidectomized (Tx) rats restored the concentrations of plasma LH and testosterone to euthyroid levels. Thyroidectomy decreased the basal release of hypothalamic GnRH, pituitary LH, and testicular testosterone as well as the LH response to GnRH and testosterone response to hCG in vitro. T4 replacement in Tx rats restored the in vitro release of GnRH, GnRH‐stimulated LH release as well as hCG‐stimulated testosterone release. Administration of T4 in vitro restored the release of testosterone by rat testicular interstitial cells (TICs). The increase of testosterone release in response to forskolin and androstenedione was less in TICs from Tx rats than in that from sham Tx rats. Administration of nifedipine in vitro resulted in a decrease of testosterone release by TICs from sham Tx but not from Tx rats. The basal level of cAMP in TICs was decreased by thyroidectomy. The increased accumulation of cAMP in TICs following administration of forskolin was eliminated in Tx rats. T4 replacement in Tx restored the testosterone response to forskolin. But the testosterone response to androstenedione and the cAMP response to forskolin in TICs was not restored by T4 in Tx rats. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of a thyroidectomy on the production of testosterone in rat TICs is in part due to: 1) the decreased basal secretion of pituitary LH and its response to GnRH; 2) the decreased response of TICs to gonadotropin; and 3) the diminished production of cAMP, influx of calcium, and activity of 17β‐HSD. T4 may enhance testosterone production by acting directly at the testicular interstitial cells of Tx rats. J. Cell. Biochem. 73:554–562, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mortality predictions on admission as a context for organizing care activities.

BACKGROUND Favorable health outcomes are more likely to occur when the clinical team recognizes patients at risk and intervenes in consort. Prediction rules can identify high-risk subsets, but the availability of multiple rules for various conditions present implementation and assimilation challenges. METHODS A prediction rule for 30-day mortality at the beginning of the hospitalization was derived in a retrospective cohort of adult inpatients from a community hospital in the Midwestern United States from 2008 to 2009, using clinical laboratory values, past medical history, and diagnoses present on admission. It was validated using 2010 data from the same and from a different hospital. The calculated mortality risk was then used to predict unplanned transfers to intensive care units, resuscitation attempts for cardiopulmonary arrests, a condition not present on admission (complications), intensive care unit utilization, palliative care status, in-hospital death, rehospitalizations within 30 days, and 180-day mortality. RESULTS The predictions of 30-day mortality for the derivation and validation datasets had areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88. The 30-day mortality risk was in turn a strong predictor for in-hospital death, palliative care status, 180-day mortality; a modest predictor for unplanned transfers and cardiopulmonary arrests; and a weaker predictor for the other events of interest. CONCLUSIONS The probability of 30-day mortality provides health systems with an array of prognostic information that may provide a common reference point for organizing the clinical activities of the many health professionals involved in the care of the patient.
Characterization of the phosphatic mineral of the barnacle Ibla cumingi at atomic level by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance: comparison with other phosphatic biominerals

Ibliform barnacles are among the few invertebrate animals harnessing calcium phosphate to construct hard tissue. The 31P solid-state NMR (SSNMR) signal from the shell plates of Ibla cumingi (Iblidae) is broader than that of bone, and shifted by ca 1 ppm to low frequency. 1H–31P heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) experiments show a continuum of different phosphorus/phosphate atomic environments, close to hydrogen populations with resonance frequencies between ca 10 and 20 ppm. Associated 1H and 31P chemical shifts argue the coexistence of weakly (high 31P frequency, low 1H frequency) to more strongly (lower 31P frequency, higher 1H frequency) hydrogen-bonded hydrogen phosphate-like molecular/ionic species. There is no resolved signal from discrete OH− ions. 13C SSNMR shows chitin, protein and other organic biomolecules but, unlike bone, there are no significant atomic scale organic matrix–mineral contacts. The poorly ordered hydrogen phosphate-like iblid mineral is strikingly different, structurally and compositionally, from both vertebrate bone mineral and the more crystalline fluoroapatite of the linguliform brachiopods. It probably represents a previously poorly characterized calcium phosphate biomineral, the evolution of which may have reflected either the chemical conditions of ancestral seas or the mechanical advantages of phosphatic biomineralization over a calcium carbonate equivalent.
Semicircle Law for Hadamard Products

In this paper, assuming $p/n\rightarrow 0$ as $n\rightarrow\infty$, we will prove the weak and strong convergence to the semicircle law of the empirical spectral distribution of the Hadamard product of a normalized sample covariance matrix and a sparsing matrix, which is of the form $A_p=\frac{1}{\sqrt{np}}(X_{m,n}X_{m,n}^*-\sigma^2nI_m)\circ D_{m}$, where the matrices $X_{m,n}$ and $D_m$ are independent and the entries of $X_{m,n}$ $(m\times n)$ are independent, the matrix $D_{m}$ $(m\times m)$ is Hermitian with independent entries above and on the diagonal, $p$ is the sum of the second moments of the row (and column) entries of $D_m$, and “$\circ$” denotes the Hadamard product of matrices.
A Novel 8T SRAM Cell with Improved Read and Write Margins

A highly stable 8T SRAM cell is presented to improve the Static Noise Margin (SNM). The proposed 8T SRAM cell uses a single-bit line structure to perform read and write operation. The design enhances the write ability by breaking-up the feedback loop of the inverter pair. It also improves the read stability by eliminating the effects from the bit-line. The simulations show that the proposed 8T cell offers 2.07x read static noise margin, 1.41x and 2.60x in write '0' margin compared to the conventional 6T cell and 7T cell, respectively. Besides, the proposed structure has a significant improvement in writing '1' operation and HSNM.
The Recently Identified Isoleucine Conjugate of cis-12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid Is Partially Active in cis-12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid-Specific Gene Expression of Arabidopsis thaliana

Oxylipins of the jasmonate family are active as signals in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in development. Jasmonic acid (JA), its precursor cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and the isoleucine conjugate of JA (JA-Ile) are the most prominent members. OPDA and JA-Ile have individual signalling properties in several processes and differ in their pattern of gene expression. JA-Ile, but not OPDA, is perceived by the SCFCOI1-JAZ co-receptor complex. There are, however, numerous processes and genes specifically induced by OPDA. The recently identified OPDA-Ile suggests that OPDA specific responses might be mediated upon formation of OPDA-Ile. Here, we tested OPDA-Ile-induced gene expression in wild type and JA-deficient, JA-insensitive and JA-Ile-deficient mutant background. Tests on putative conversion of OPDA-Ile during treatments revealed only negligible conversion. Expression of two OPDA-inducible genes, GRX480 and ZAT10, by OPDA-Ile could be detected in a JA-independent manner in Arabidopsis seedlings but less in flowering plants. The data suggest a bioactivity in planta of OPDA-Ile.
Institute of Economics University of Copenhagen Reciprocity , Socia in

Reciprocal customers may disproportionately improve the performance of markets for experience goods. Reciprocal customers reward (punish) rms for providing good (bad) quality by upholding (terminating) the customer relation. This may induce rms to provide good quality which, in turn, may induce a positive externality for nonreciprocal customers who would, in the absence of reciprocal types, face market breakdown. This e¢ ciency-enhancing e¤ect of reciprocity is boosted when there are social ties between consumers and competition between rms. The existence of social ties or competition alone does not improve market performance. Keywords: Social networks, reputation, reciprocity, experience goods, customer loyalty. JEL classi cation: D43, L14, Z13. We gratefully acknowledge nancial support from the Russell Sage Foundation, the GFF-Fonds under Project no. G02110108 and from the Economic and Social Research Council via ELSE. Corresponding author: Jean-Robert Tyran, Studiestraede 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen, jean-robert.tyran@econ.ku. dk
Model-Free Feature Screening for Ultrahigh-Dimensional Data

With the recent explosion of scientific data of unprecedented size and complexity, feature ranking and screening are playing an increasingly important role in many scientific studies. In this article, we propose a novel feature screening procedure under a unified model framework, which covers a wide variety of commonly used parametric and semiparametric models. The new method does not require imposing a specific model structure on regression functions, and thus is particularly appealing to ultrahigh-dimensional regressions, where there are a huge number of candidate predictors but little information about the actual model forms. We demonstrate that, with the number of predictors growing at an exponential rate of the sample size, the proposed procedure possesses consistency in ranking, which is both useful in its own right and can lead to consistency in selection. The new procedure is computationally efficient and simple, and exhibits a competent empirical performance in our intensive simulations and real data analysis.
Determining the validity and reliability of the cultural awareness and beliefs inventory

Determining the Validity and Reliability of the Cultural Awareness and Beliefs Inventory. (May 2007) Patricia Fay Roberts-Walter, B.S., Corpus Christi State University Corpus Christi; M.S., Texas A&M University Corpus Christi Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Norvella P. Carter Dr. Stephanie Knight The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Cultural Awareness and Beliefs Inventory (CABI). The CABI consist of forty-six items that measures urban teachers’ cultural awareness and beliefs on a Likert-type four-point scale. In addition, this study also examined the extent the CABI determined statistically significant differences by demographic characteristics, such as teachers’ ethnicity or years of teaching experience. During the 2005–2006 academic year, data for this study was collected from the Cultural Awareness and Beliefs Inventory (CABI). Approximately 1873 Prekindergarten through Grade 12 teachers, employed by an urban public school district located in southeastern Texas, completed the survey. Construct validity was determined by internal consistency, content validity, convergent and divergent validity. To investigate the internal structure, an exploratory factor analysis, EFA, yielded an eight-factor, 36-item inventory. The eight factors, Factor I: Teachers’ Beliefs, Factor II: School Climate, Factor III: Culturally Responsive
Lynx: a database and knowledge extraction engine for integrative medicine

We have developed Lynx (http://lynx.ci.uchicago.edu)—a web-based database and a knowledge extraction engine, supporting annotation and analysis of experimental data and generation of weighted hypotheses on molecular mechanisms contributing to human phenotypes and disorders of interest. Its underlying knowledge base (LynxKB) integrates various classes of information from >35 public databases and private collections, as well as manually curated data from our group and collaborators. Lynx provides advanced search capabilities and a variety of algorithms for enrichment analysis and network-based gene prioritization to assist the user in extracting meaningful knowledge from LynxKB and experimental data, whereas its service-oriented architecture provides public access to LynxKB and its analytical tools via user-friendly web services and interfaces.