Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expertise identification and visualization from CVS

As software evolves over time, the identification of expertise becomes an important problem. Component ownership and team awareness of such ownership are signals of solid project. Ownership and ownership awareness are also issues in open-source software (OSS) projects. Indeed, the membership in OSS projects is dynamic with team members arriving and leaving. In large open source projects, specialists who know the system very well are considered experts. How can one identify the experts in a project by mining a particular repository like the source code? Have they gotten help from other people? We provide an approach using classification of the source code tree as a path to derive the expertise of the committers. Because committers may get help from other people, we also retrieve their contributors. We also provide a visualization that helps to further explore the repository via committers and categories. We present a prototype implementation that describes our research using the Apache HTTP Web server project as a case study.
Transition to adulthood

Today’s young people are taking longer to leave home, attain economic independence, and form families of their own than did their peers half a century ago. Rather than reaching the milestone of adulthood at age eighteen or twenty-one, as happened during the mid-1950s, some young Americans today are well into their thirties before they attain that goal today. The lengthened transition not only burdens parents who need to be providing for their own retirement, but is a potent source of social stratification. The forces behind the lengthening transition— employers’ reluctance to hire young people without educational credentials. the longer time it is taking many young adults to finish their postsecondary education, longer life spans, shifting sexual attitudes and practices—are unlikely to change any time soon. The question for policy makers is whether families and the social institutions that have successfully educated, trained, and supported young adults are up to the task today. Not surprisingly, researchers find that existing institutions work much better for affluent young adults than they do for most others, leaving the playing field for young adult development sharply tilted.
Natural hybridization in tropical spikerushes of Eleocharis subgenus Limnochloa (Cyperaceae): Evidence from morphology and DNA markers.

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Natural hybridization represents an important force driving plant evolution and affecting community structure and functioning. Hybridization may be overlooked, however, among morphologically highly uniform congeners. An excellent example of such a group is Eleocharis subgenus Limnochloa, which has no reliably proven hybrids. Does this reflect biological barriers to interspecific crosses or difficulties in detecting the hybrids? We tested the hypothesis that hybridization occurs among sympatric Eleocharis cellulosa, E. interstincta, and E. mutata in northern Belize, Central America. • METHODS Morphometric study (407 plants) was followed by examination of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymorphisms (44 plants) and ITS sequence variation (33 plants). • KEY RESULTS Two putatively hybrid morphotypes were discerned-E. cellulosa-resembling and E. interstincta-resembling. DNA markers of E. cellulosa and E. interstincta displayed additive constitution in plants from one E. cellulosa-resembling population only. The other putatively hybrid populations contained ISSR and ITS markers of the species they resembled morphologically, several unique ISSR markers, and ITS sequences of an undescribed South American Limnochloa entity. DNA markers of E. mutata were absent in the putative hybrids. • CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous use of various types of molecular markers can overcome many pitfalls of investigations concerning hybridization among closely related and morphologically similar species. Northern Belize represents a hybrid zone of E. cellulosa and E. interstincta. A third participant in the hybridization events occurring in this zone is an unknown Limnochloa lineage but is not E. mutata. Interspecific hybridization may play a significant role in the diversification of Eleocharis.
Temperature-Aware Compilation for VLIWProcessors

Very long instruction word processors (VLIW) allow to execute multiple instructions in parallel. At the same time VLIW compilers optimize the source code for maximum performance by grouping as many instructions in parallel as possible. This work addresses the problem of thermal- awareness in VLIW compilers with a temperature control and reduction techniques with an objective of minimizing the peak temperature in the VLIW processor's functional units. We present a main approach and compare it with a technique that inserts NOPs in the assembly code to allow the hottest units to cool down. The main technique, called temperature-aware instruction binding technique TemplB, effectively binds the instructions executed in parallel to the coolest possible functional units for a given fixed schedule. It generates, for each instruction in a scheduled instruction word, a priority queue of the coolest functional units that can execute the instruction, and rebinds it to the coolest possible unit, considering the temperature as well as the power consumed by the instruction. From experimentation using a set of benchmark designs, it is confirmed that our temperature reduction technique is effective, lowering down the peak temperature of the initial design by up to 13.82% by TemplB.
Logic BIST for large industrial designs: real issues and case studies

This paper discusses practical issues involved in applying logic built-in self-test (BIST) to four large industrial designs. These multi-clock designs, ranging in size from 200 K to 800 K gates, pose significant challenges to logic BIST methodology, flow, and tools. The paper presents the process of generating a BIST-compliant core along with the logic BIST controller for at-speed testing. Comparative data on fault grades and area overhead between automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) and logic BIST are reported. The experimental results demonstrate that with automation of the proposed solutions, logic BIST can achieve test quality approaching that of ATPG with minimal area overhead and few changes to the design flow.
Hot dust in normal star-forming galaxies: J H K L^' photometry of the ISO Key Project sample

We present JHK and 3.8 μm (L^') photometry of 26 galaxies in the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) Normal Galaxy Key Project (KP) sample and of seven normal ellipticals with the aim of investigating the origin of the 4 μm emission. The majority of the KP galaxies, and all the ellipticals, have K - L ≾ 1.0, consistent with stellar photospheres plus moderate dust extinction. Ten of the 26 KP galaxies have K - L ≳ 1.0, corresponding to a flat or rising 4 μm continuum, consistent with significant emission from hot dust at 600–1000 K. K -L is anticorrelated with ISO flux ratio F_(6.75)/F15, weakly correlated with line ratio [O i]/[C ii], but not with [C ii]/FIR or IRAS ratio F_(60)/F_(100). Photodissociation-region models for these galaxies show that the hot dust responsible for red K - L resides in regions of high pressure and intense far-ultraviolet radiation field. Taken together, these results suggest that star formation in normal star-forming galaxies can assume two basic forms: an “active”, relatively rare, mode characterized by hot dust, suppressed Aromatic Features in Emission (AFEs), high pressure, and intense radiation field; and the more common “passive” mode that occurs under more quiescent physical conditions, with AFEs, and without hot dust. The occurrence of these modes appears to only weakly depend on the star-formation rate per unit area. Passive star formation over large scales makes up the bulk of star-forming activity locally, while the “active” regime may dominate at high redshifts.
Adaptive user similarity measures for recommender systems: A genetic programming approach

Recommender systems signify the shift from the paradigm of “searching for items” to “discovering items” and have been employed by an increasing number of e-commerce sites for matching users to their preferences. Collaborative Filtering is a popular recommendation technique which exploits the past user-item interactions to determine user similarity. The preferences of such similar users are leveraged to offer suggestions to the active user. Even though several techniques for similarity assessment have been suggested in literature, no technique has been proven to be optimal under all contexts/data conditions. Hence, we propose a two-stage process to assess user similarity, the first is to learn the optimal transformation function to convert the raw ratings data to preference data by employing genetic programming, and the second is to utilize the preference values, so derived, to compute user similarity. The application of such learnt user bias gives rise to adaptive similarity measures, i.e. similarity estimates that are dataset dependent and hence expected to work best under any data environment. We demonstrate the superiority of our proposed technique by contrasting it to traditional similarity estimation techniques on four different datasets representing varied data environments.
The contribution of modern imaging to planning separation strategies in conjoined twins.

BACKGROUND/AIM An accurate knowledge of the often complex and unexpected anatomy of conjoined twins is required in order to devise appropriate surgical strategies for separation. The recent progress of imaging techniques prompts an assessment of their contribution to planning separation strategies. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 1990, we treated 8 consecutive sets of conjoined twins: 1 acardiac-acephalus, 1 epigastric heteropagus, 2 omphalopagus, 2 omphalothoracopagus, 1 ischiopagus tetrapus and 1 parapagus tripus. The first two sets were separated straightforwardly after birth and were excluded. Ultrasonographic and plain and contrast X-ray studies were used in all the remaining sets, angiography in 5, CT in 4, and MRI in 4. Helical CT and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were used in 3 sets. RESULTS Two sets of omphalopagus twins and one of omphalothoracopagus twins were separated after birth due to brain damage of one twin, cloacal exstrophy and large arterial shunting, respectively. They were assessed using barium studies (3 sets), IVP (3), angiography (2), CT (2) and MRI (1). Three of six babies survived after separation. In the second set of omphalothoracopagus ecocardiography and MRA revealed that the extent of cardiovascular sharing precluded separation. In the remaining two sets of twins respectively ischiopagus and parapagus, the extent of organ sharing was depicted using three-dimensional helical CT and MRI; the four babies are alive after separation. CONCLUSIONS Conventional imaging contributes only modestly to separation planning. In contrast, advanced imaging techniques are amazingly efficient in depicting complex fusions that have to be accurately recognised when planning realistic separation strategies.
Incipient Fault Diagnosis in Ultrareliable Electrical Machines

Early detection of incipient faults in ac drives is one of the most difficult challenges for condition monitoring, especially for faults related to insulation degradation of the windings. In low power motors, the insulation degradation is principally due to the steep voltage variations caused by the voltage source converters that drive the machines. In the last years, with the coming to market of new no-Si based power devices, which achieve great values of dv/dt, fast tracking of electrical fault has became a topic of primary importance. In this paper, a new method to detect the presence of incipient faults in ultrareliable electric machines is presented and compared with a previous solution. The different methods were extensively evaluated by means of experimental results. It is shown that potential winding faults can be detected at an early stage of fault inception and thus measures can be taken to limit propagation.
An open-source readout for MKIDs

This paper will present the design, implementation, performance analysis of an open source readout system for arrays of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKID) for mm/submm astronomy. The readout system will perform frequency domain multiplexed real-time complex microwave transmission measurements in order to monitor the instantaneous resonance frequency and dissipation of superconducting microresonators. Each readout unit will be able to cover up to 550 MHz bandwidth and readout 256 complex frequency channels simultaneously. The digital electronics include the customized DAC, ADC, IF system and the FPGA based signal processing hardware developed by CASPER group.1-7 The entire system is open sourced, and can be customized to meet challenging requirement in many applications: e.g. MKID, MSQUID etc.
Crowds of Moving Objects: Navigation Planning and Simulation

This paper presents a solution to interactive navigation planning and real-time simulation of a very large number of entities moving in a virtual environment. From the environment geometry analysis, we deduce a structure called navigation graph, which is the base to our method. After the description of this structure, we introduce a set of algorithms dedicated to answer navigation queries with a set of various solution paths and to execute the planned navigation in an efficient manner. We equally demonstrate method performance and robustness over several examples.
The history of the introduction of the giant river prawn, Macrobrachium cf. rosenbergii (Decapoda, Palaemonidae), in Brazil: New insights from molecular data

The giant river prawn, Macrobrachium cf. rosenbergii, is one of the most cultivated freshwater prawns in the world and has been introduced into more than 40 countries. In some countries, this prawn is considered an invasive species that requires close monitoring. Recent changes in the taxonomy of this species (separation of M. rosenbergii and M. dacqueti) require a re-evaluation of introduced taxa. In this work, molecular analyses were used to determine which of these two species was introduced into Brazil and to establish the geographic origin of the introduced populations that have invaded Amazonian coastal waters. The species introduced into Brazil was M. dacqueti through two introduction events involving prawns originating from Vietnam and either Bangladesh or Thailand. These origins differ from historical reports of the introductions and underline the need to confirm the origin of other exotic populations around the world. The invading populations in Amazonia require monitoring not only because the biodiversity of this region may be affected by the introduction, but also because admixture of different native haplotypes can increase the genetic variability and the likelihood of persistence of the invading species in new habitats.
Co‐deletion of the MSB3 and MSB4 coding regions affects bipolar budding and perturbs the organization of the actin cytoskeleton

The proteins Msb3p (Ynl293p) and Msb4p (Yol112p) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are very similar in sequence and share a highly conserved domain called TBC. To characterize the cellular functions of these proteins, we constructed single and double yeast mutants by disrupting the MSB3 gene, the MSB4 gene, or both. Co‐deletion of the MSB3 and MSB4 coding regions caused growth inhibition in the presence of 10 mM caffeine and 4% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), increased the sensitivity of the yeast strain to latrunculin‐A, produced a random budding pattern in diploid cells, and affected the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Caffeine sensitivity is often associated with defects in mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways, highly conserved mechanisms mediating transduction of external signals. The biological effect of DMSO in S. cerevisiae is unclear. The msb3 msb4 mutant's increased sensitivity to latrunculin‐A suggests that the double mutation causes destabilization of the actin cytoskeleton. Microscopic observations confirmed this: in haploid and diploid msb3 msb4 mutant cells, polymerized actin was delocalized from the budding sites. Complementation studies suggested that MSB3 and MSB4 encode overlapping activities in the yeast cells. We thus propose that both Msb3p and Msb4p act in budding site selection, probably via their involvement in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of Twitter during a natural disaster: Case study of 2011 Thai Flood

With the emergence of Web 2.0, social media became a key platform that allowed people to interact and share information. Unlike traditional internet media, the Web 2.0 platform facilitates not only users' ability to access information; but also their ability to comment on information already existing in the web sphere, and to publish or republish information. Over the last few years, users of social media have played an increasing role in the dissemination of emergency and disaster information. In this paper, we conduct a case study exploring how Thai people used social media such as Twitter in response to one of the country's worst disasters in recent history: the 2011 Thai Flood. By analyzing these user-generated messages we may assist local communities in obtaining up-to-date information; emergency rescuers in providing assistance according to the needs of the populace in a timely manner or government agencies in analyzing and developing methods to use similar information to better centralize, coordinate, manage and plan disaster relief both during and after the event.
An energy-efficient data transmission scheme based on DSC-MIMO for wireless sensor network

The Virtual MIMO scheme is a proven technique to reduce energy consumption in WSN but it cannot resolve the energy efficiency problem in WSN. In high node density WSN, sensor nodes transmitted correlated information to sink node that will decreases the energy efficiency of WSN. For enhancing the energy efficiency of WSN, we propose distributed source coding based on virtual MIMO. In DSC-MIMO, DSC compresses redundant data, transmitted from sensor nodes before sending it to virtual MIMO link. The simulation results indicate that distributed source coding can minimize the energy consumption and enhance the energy efficiency of the WSN at different transmission distances. The simulation results also show that DSC-MIMO causes to decrease energy consumption per bit for increasing data rates up to a certain range in WSN.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone in humans.

I. A Brief History of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) and Vasopressin as Mediators of Pituitary-Adrenal Activation in Humans HARRIS' 1948 hypothesis (1) that anterior pituitary function is regulated by hypothalamic factors released into and carried by the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal blood to the adenohypophysis was not lost upon clinical investigators. Soon thereafter G. W. Liddle, for example, referred to this regulatory influence of the central nervous system as the “pituitary driving mechanism” (2), recognizing that such a mechanism was essential for explaining the diurnal rhythm in pituitary-adrenal axis function and its response to stress. According to this concept, the pituitary driving mechanism was the variable force against which cortisol exerted its negative feedback inhibitory action on ACTH secretion. Long before CRH [ovine CRH (oCRH) mol wt = 4671; human CRH (hCRH) mol wt = 4758] was isolated, characterized, and synthesized (3), vasopressin [either arginine vasopressin (AVP) or lysi.
Intake of antioxidants and B vitamins is inversely associated with ischemic stroke and cerebral atherosclerosis

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to examine relationships between dietary habits and intakes of antioxidants and B vitamins and the risk of ischemic stroke, and to compare dietary factors according to the presence of cerebral artery atherosclerosis and stroke subtypes. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 147 patients and 144 control subjects were recruited consecutively in the metropolitan area of Seoul, Korea. Sixty participants each in the case and control groups were included in analyses after 1:1 frequency matching. In addition, 117 acute ischemic stroke patients were classified into subtypes according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) guidelines. Dietary intake was measured using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire composed of 111 food items and plasma lipid and homocysteine levels were analyzed. RESULTS When compared with control subjects, stroke patients had unfavorable dietary behaviors and lower intakes of fruits (73.1 ± 83.2 g vs. 230.9 ± 202.1 g, P < 0.001), vegetables (221.1 ± 209.0 g vs. 561.7 ± 306.6 g, P < 0.001), and antioxidants, including vitamins C, E, B6, β-carotene, and folate. The intakes of fruits, vegetables, vitamin C, and folate were inversely associated with the risk of ischemic stroke after adjusting for confounding factors. Intakes of vegetables, vitamins C, B6, B12, and folate per 1,000 kcal were lower in ischemic stroke with cerebral atherosclerosis than in those without. Overall vitamin B12 intake per 1,000 kcal differed according to the TOAST classification (P = 0.004), but no differences among groups existed based on the post-hoc test. CONCLUSIONS When compared with control subjects, ischemic stroke patients, particularly those with cerebral atherosclerosis, had unfavorable dietary intake, which may have contributed to the development of ischemic stroke. These results indicate that proper dietary recommendations are important for the prevention of ischemic stroke.
Obstacle Detection with Stereo Vision for Off-Road Vehicle Navigation

In this paper we present an artificial vision algorithm for real-time obstacle detection in unstructured environments. The images have been taken using a stereoscopical vision system. The system uses a new approach, of low computational load, to calculate a V-disparity image between left and right corresponding images, in order to estimate the cameras pitch oscillation caused by the vehicle movement. Then, the obstacles are localized by stereo matching and mapped in real world coordinates. Experimental results on sequences taken from a moving vehicle (which partecipated to the DARPA Grand Challenge 2004) in different unstructured scenarios are then presented, to demonstrate the validity of the approach.