Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Les Parcs Industriels Fournisseurs ou le choix de la proximité géographique

La proximite geographique est regulierement presentee comme le remede a de nombreux maux, la solution a des relations distendues voire rompues, et cela tant sur un plan social qu'economique. Nombre de decisions ou demarches, civiles, politiques ou strategiques, placent ainsi la proximite au cœur des dispositifs envisages (emplois de proximite, police de proximite, fete des voisins, pole de competitivite, systemes de production localises, districts industriels, etc.). Le mouvement amorce dans l'industrie automobile en matiere d'organisation de la production repose sur cette meme logique de quete des benefices de la proximite. Afin d'ameliorer leur competitivite, des constructeurs automobiles ont ainsi experimente une forme innovante d'organisation de leur systeme industriel, fondee sur une localisation a proximite physique de certains de leurs equipementiers. Les Parcs Industriels Fournisseurs (PIF) materialisent cette nouvelle organisation, reunissant a proximite geographique immediate un constructeur et ses principaux equipementiers. Mais le rapprochement geographique d'acteurs engages dans une meme filiere de production ne pourrait suffire, a lui seul, a ameliorer l'efficacite d'ensemble. Le courant de la proximite, initie par des economistes spatiaux, nuance les effets positifs du rapprochement geographique, demontrant que d'autres facteurs entrent en jeu, aujourd'hui regroupes sous le terme de proximite organisee. Cette approche semble particulierement interessante et nous nous proposons d'etudier les effets de la proximite au sein des PIF, en mettant en particulier l'accent sur la co-existence de differentes formes de proximites. Notre etude a ete menee au travers d'observations et d'entretiens realises sur trois Parcs Industriels Fournisseurs : celui de Renault Sandouville, de Renault Trucks Blainville sur Orne et de PSA-Rennes la Janais3.
Capacity optimization of a community microgrid for rural electrification

An algorithm is developed for optimization of photovoltaic and energy storage capacity of small community microgrids for rural electrification without diesel or other thermal backup. The developed algorithm is applied to a case study of the Madan Community in Jiwaka Province, Papua New Guinea. A series of community microgrids are being installed to provide electricity, high speed intranet, and digital education in community centers, schools, and homes. The optimization results will be used to create a set of standardized designs based on the IEEE Smart Village microgrid topology for electrification of communities throughout Jiwaka Province.
In Vivo Dynamics of Type 1 Fimbria Regulation in UropathogenicEscherichia coli during Experimental Urinary Tract Infection

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli is the primary cause of uncomplicated infections of the urinary tract including cystitis. More serious infections, characterized as acute pyelonephritis, can also develop. Type 1 fimbriae of E. coli contribute to virulence in the urinary tract; however, only recently has the expression of the type 1 fimbriae been investigated in vivo using molecular techniques. Transcription of type 1 fimbrial genes is controlled by a promoter that resides on a 314-bp invertible element capable of two orientations. One places the promoter in the ON orientation, allowing for transcription; the other places the promoter in the OFF orientation, preventing transcription. A PCR-based assay was developed to measure the orientation of the invertible element during an experimental urinary tract infection in mice. Using this assay, it was found that the percentage of the population ON in urine samples correlated with the respective CFU per gram of bladder (P = 0.0006) but not with CFU per gram of kidney (P > 0.069). Cystitis isolates present in the urine of mice during the course of infection had a higher percentage of their invertible elements in the ON orientation than did pyelonephritis isolates (85 and 34%, respectively, at 24 h; P < 0.0001). In general, cystitis isolates, unlike pyelonephritis isolates, were more likely to maintain their invertible elements in the ON orientation for the entire period of infection. E. coli cells expressing type 1 fimbriae, expelled in urine, were shown by scanning electron microscopy to be densely packed on the surface of uroepithelial cells. These results suggest that expression of type 1 fimbriae is more critical for cystitis strains than for pyelonephritis strains in the early stages of an infection during bladder colonization.
Ternary Complex Factors and Cofactors Are Essential for Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Transactivation of the Serum Response Element

ABSTRACT The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax protein activates the expression of cellular immediate early genes controlled by the serum response element (SRE), which contains both the serum response factor (SRF) binding element (CArG box) and the ternary complex factor (TCF) binding element (Ets box). We show that TCF binding is necessary for Tax activation of the SRE and that Tax directly interacts with TCFs in vitro. In addition, Tax interactions with CREB binding protein (CBP) and p300- and CBP-associated factor were found to be essential for Tax activation of SRF-mediated transcription.
Analysis for Magnetic Stimulation Effects on Acupoint

Magnetic stimulation has become a very topical research area in bioelectromagnetics studies. One of the major problems in understanding the observed changes in biological systems resulting from exposures to magnetic fields is the relationship of biological changes to physical processes. It is well known that acupuncture has many varied physiologic effects on the functional systems of human subjects. However, there are still many unknown questions or issues pertinent to acupuncture which are yet to be answered. The combination of acupuncture with magnetic stimulation is, for example, an important aspect worthy of thorough clinical studies. In this paper, the effects for magnetic stimulation on acupoints are discussed in three ways: physical analysis based on electromagnetism; medical treatment analysis based on Chinese medical theory of acupuncture; experimental observations on the electroencephalographic (EEG) waveforms as a result of magnetic stimulation on some acupoints of the human subjects participating in this study.
Using a Game Engine for VR Simulations in Evacuation Planning

Researchers who want to use virtual reality-based simulations in their work must address some important requirements. Simulations require a good 3D graphical rendering capability. For realistic results, they must also consider the effects of physical laws, such as gravity and collision forces. A software platform that meets these requirements can serve a broad range of science and technology applications, but developing an entire platform is hard work itself. In this article, we present our use of a game engine for virtual simulations of building evacuations in emergency situations. We have modeled a real IEN building in 3D to perform preliminary evacuation tests, prior to real ones, and thus support evacuation planning. Nuclear plants represent just one of many environments where virtual simulations might be the best or only means of evaluating situations that are too dangerous to simulate in real environments-for example, in the presence of fire and smoke or radioactive or chemical contamination.
Control of VSC-HVDC in offshore AC islands with wind power plants: Comparison of two alternatives

The subject of this paper is the control of offshore AC collection and export networks behind a voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission system. The inertia-less nature of such grids makes the control of voltages and power flows potentially more flexible, but at the same time more prone to instabilities. Focus in this paper is on a voltage source converter based high voltage direct current connected wind power plant. Two state-of-art controllers for the offshore high voltage direct current converter station are compared, both at no-load and when wind turbine converters are producing power and controlled with usual vector current control. Sensitivity analyses help identify critical factors influencing stability. The influence of lumping the wind power plant into one converter is assessed by comparison with the full model. The conclusions identify the preferred control technique.
Proteomic profiling of chronic low‐frequency stimulated fast muscle

Skeletal muscle fibre transitions occur in many biological processes, in response to alterations in neuromuscular activity, in muscular disorders, during age‐induced muscle wasting and in myogenesis. It was therefore of interest to perform a comprehensive proteomic profiling of muscle transformation. Chronic low‐frequency stimulation of the rabbit tibialis anterior muscle represents an established model system for studying the response of fast fibres to enhanced neuromuscular activity under conditions of maximum activation. We have conducted a DIGE analysis of unstimulated control specimens versus 14‐ and 60‐day conditioned muscles. A differential expression pattern was observed for 41 protein species with 29 increased and 12 decreased muscle proteins. Identified classes of proteins that are changed during the fast‐to‐slow transition process belong to the contractile machinery, ion homeostasis, excitation–contraction coupling, capillarization, metabolism and stress response. Results from immunoblotting agreed with the conversion of the metabolic, regulatory and contractile molecular apparatus to support muscle fibres with slower twitch characteristics. Besides confirming established muscle elements as reliable transition markers, this proteomics‐based study has established the actin‐binding protein cofilin‐2 and the endothelial marker transgelin as novel biomarkers for evaluating muscle transformation.
High-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation modulates interhemispheric inhibition in healthy humans.

High-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (HF NMES) induces muscular contractions through neural mechanisms that partially match physiological motor control. Indeed, a portion of the contraction arises from central mechanisms, whereby spinal motoneurons are recruited through the evoked sensory volley. However, the involvement of supraspinal centers of motor control during such stimulation remains poorly understood. Therefore, we tested whether a single HF NMES session applied to the upper limb influences interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) from left to right motor cortex (M1). Using noninvasive electrophysiology and transcranial magnetic stimulation, we evaluated the effects of a 10-min HF NMES session applied to a right wrist flexor on spinal and corticospinal excitability of both arms, as well as IHI, in healthy subjects. HF NMES induced a rapid decline in spinal excitability on the right stimulated side that closely matched the modulation of evoked force during the protocol. More importantly, IHI was significantly increased by HF NMES, and this increase was correlated to the electromyographic activity within the contralateral homologous muscle. Our study highlights a new neurophysiological mechanism, suggesting that HF NMES has an effect on the excitability of the transcallosal pathway probably to regulate the lateralization of the motor output. The data suggest that HF NMES can modify the hemispheric balance between both M1 areas. These findings provide important novel perspectives for the implementation of HF NMES in sport training and neurorehabilitation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY High-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (HF NMES) induces muscular contractions that partially match physiological motor control. Here, we tested whether HF NMES applied to the upper limb influences interhemispheric inhibition. Our results show that interhemispheric inhibition was increased after HF NMES and that this increase was correlated to the electromyographic activity within the contralateral homologous muscle. This opens up original perspectives for the implementation of HF NMES in sport training and neurorehabilitation.
Microbiomic Analysis of Intra-Abdominal Infections by Using Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: A Prospective Observational Study.

BACKGROUND Intra-abdominal infections represent a subgroup of septic syndromes with high death rates and the need for prompt and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Conventional culture-based microbial identification has notable shortcomings in the diagnostics of polymicrobial infections. Modern culture-independent molecular methods may represent a new diagnostic approach. The current study aimed to compare the results obtained from the denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography WAVE® system as a culture-independent diagnostic tool with those obtained from standard culture-based microbiologic testing in the clinical setting of severe intra-abdominal sepsis. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 42 samples of pathologic intra-abdominal fluids, collected from 37 patients with intra-abdominal sepsis. Micro-organisms grown in culture and detected by the WAVE system were compared. Further, we recorded clinical data including baseline characteristics and the use of antibiotic agents. RESULTS In 38.1% of the analyzed samples, the classic, culture-based methods showed no bacterial growth on agar plates, in comparison with the microbiomic analysis in which the proportion of samples with negative signal was 31%. In about 40% of the patients, both methods detected one microbiologic agent, whereas in approximately one quarter of the samples, two or more agents were identified. The detection rate of certain bacteria such as Enterobacteriacae or Enterococcus faecium was significantly higher using the microbiomic analysis. Bacteria such as Haemophilus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Methylobacterium, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Solobacterium moorei were detected exclusively using microbiomic analysis. CONCLUSION The culture independent molecular WAVE system provided additional information, especially concerning unusual, fastidious bacteria in patients with intra-abdominal infections. Further, it has a higher detection rate for polymicrobial infection and delivers results much sooner than conventional microbiologic methods.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis

148 systemic malignancy: A retrospective analysis of four cases. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2011;15 Suppl 3:S242-5. 2. Katayama S, Yokota C. Diabetes insipidus and lymphocytic hypophysitis. Intern Med 2003;42:924-5. 3. Santos AR, Fonseca Neto RM. Endoscopic endonasaltranssphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomas: Technical aspects and report of casuistic. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2010;68:608-12. 4. Francois I, Casteels I, Silberstein J, Casaer P, de Zegher F. Empty sella, growth hormone deficiency and pseudotumourcerebri: Effect of initiation, withdrawal and resumption of growth hormone therapy. Eur J Pediatr 1997;156:69-70. 5. Zager EL, Hedley-Whyte ET. Metastasis within a pituitary adenoma presenting with bilateral abducens palsies: Case report and review of literature. Neurosurgery 1987;21:383-6. 6. Pernicone PJ, Scheithauer BW, Sebo TJ, Kovacs KT, Horvath E, Young WF Jr, et al. Pituitary carcinoma: A clinicopathologic study of 15 cases. Cancer 1997;79:804-12. 7. Ironside JW. Best practice no 172: Pituitary gland pathology. J Clin Pathol 2003;56:561-8.
(E)-3-[(3-Bromophenyl)iminomethyl]benzene-1,2-diol: a combined X-ray and computational structural study

The title compound, C13H10BrNO2, exists as an enol–imine form in the crystal and adopts an E configuration with respect to the C=N double bond. The molecule is close to planar, with a dihedral angle of 6.88 (14)° between the aromatic rings. Intramolecular O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate S(6) and S(5) ring motifs, respectively. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen-bond interactions, forming R 2 2(10) and R 2 2(20) chains along [100]. ab initio Hartree–Fock (HF), density-functional theory (DFT) and semi-empirical (AM1 and PM3) calculations and full-geometry optimizations were also performed. Although there are some discrepancies between the experimental and calculated parameters, caused presumably by the O—H⋯O hydrogen-bond interactions, there is an acceptable general agreement between them.
Advanced Maternal Age and Risks for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Population-Based Study in Oman

To test the hypothesis that advanced maternal age (AMA) of 35 years and above is associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, we performed a population-based retrospective study using data from the 2000 National Health Survey in Oman. The last pregnancy outcomes of mothers aged ≥35 years were compared with adult mothers aged 20–34 years using bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques. Significantly increased risks of spontaneous abortion, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, prolonged labor, and cesarean section delivery have been observed for advanced maternal age. Our findings may contribute to cross-cultural understanding of the risks associated with AMA and will facilitate evidence-based counseling of older expectant mothers.
A Rabbit Autoantibody Specific for the 46‐kDa Form of 2′,3′‐Cyclic Nucleotide 3′‐Phosphodiesterase

Abstract: An autoantibody occurring in the serum of an apparently normal rabbit that immunocytochemically stains myelin sheaths and oligodendrocytes in rat brain was shown to react specifically with the 46‐kDa isoform of 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase (CNP) (EC 3.1.4.37) in a number of species. Identification of the shorter isoform of the enzyme (CNP1) as the antigen was achieved by comparing the immunostaining of Western blots by the autoantibody with that of a well‐characterized anti‐CNP antiserum. The 46‐kDa antigen reacting with the autoantibody exhibited the same Mr and pI as the small isoform of CNP on two‐dimensional gels and showed a similar enrichment in purified CNS myelin. The autoantibody has very high affinity for CNP1 and is capable of detecting the very low amounts of this enzyme in peripheral nerve, spleen, adrenal gland, pancreas, testis, and intestine. Testing the reactivity of the autoantibody with synthetic peptides by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay revealed that it reacted with the N‐acetylated decapeptide corresponding to the N‐terminus of CNP1, but did not react if the peptide was not acetylated or if the acetyl group was replaced with a palmityl group. The lack of reactivity with CNP2, which differs from CNP1 by a 20‐amino acid extension at the N‐terminus of the protein as a result of alternative splicing, may be due to the absence of the N‐acetyl moiety that is part of the epitope and/or blocking of antibody binding to the decapeptide by extension of the polypeptide chain. This highly specific antibody for the shorter isoform of CNP may be useful in studies to establish possible differences in the location or function of the two isoforms of this enzyme.
Education, training and mobility: towards a common effort to assure a future workforce in Europe and abroad

The paper highlights the main features of some Euratom projects, which have been running recently in support to education, training and mobility in the nuclear fields. The described projects address various critical aspects of nuclear knowledge management, aiming at maintaining the wealth of nuclear expertise in Europe in an environment characterised by decreased attractiveness of nuclear careers. In an effort to broaden the cooperation and to further extend the opportunities for mobility, some projects ran in parallel with similar initiatives undertaken beyond the European borders. The lesson learnt in terms of successes achieved and critical aspects revealed by the different actions are finally discussed also considering recent recommendations and assessed scenarios by the European Commission for the decarbonisation of the energy sector.
Citrate synthase. A regulatory enzyme from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata.

Abstract Citrate synthase (citrate oxaloacetate-lyase (CoA-acetylating), EC 4.1. 3.7) is very active in Rhodopseudomonas capulata, a nonsulfur purple bacterium. This activity varies greatly from carbon source to carbon source. The highest specific activity for this enzyme was obtained in acetate and acetate-bicarbonate-grown cells (1.7 to 1.8 µmoles per mg of protein-min). Citrate synthase activity was 2-fold greater in cells grown aerobically in the dark than in cells grown semiananaerobically in the light, when either malate or pyruvate was the carbon source. The specific activities of this enzyme from glucose dark-grown and light-grown cells, and from pyruvate dark-grown cells were similar, and they were about one-half the specific activity of the enzyme from acetate-grown cells. Citrate synthase in this organism was found to be a regulatory enzyme. DPNH was a strong inhibitor of the enzyme and AMP was found to relieve this inhibition. DPNH, at 0.1 mm, increased the S0.5 value and the n value (Hill constant) for acetyl-CoA. It also increased the S0.5 value but did not change the n value for oxalacetate. Increasing amounts of DPNH increased the n values for AMP, the "deinhibitor". AMP, 0.46 mm, in the presence of DPNH, restored the S0.5 and the n values for acetyl-CoA to those obtained in the absence of effector molecules. AMP (0.46 mm) alone did not affect these values. Thus, AMP acts strictly as a deinhibitor of the DPNH effect with respect to acetyl-CoA. AMP, in the presence or absence of DPNH, decreased the S0.5 value and the n value for oxalacetate acting here both as a deinhibitor and as an activator. These results suggest that citrate synthase activity in R. capsulata is modulated both by the "energy charge" and the "reducing state" of the cell.
Education in slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh

During the 1990s and early 2000s, Bangladesh experienced strong urban economic growth, a reduction in poverty rates, and rapid growth in primary school enrolments. Amongst many factors, these changes are linked to Bangladesh’s growing involvement in the global economy, especially in the form of garment factories, and conscious efforts by its government to increase enrolments through its primary education plans. This paper describes the results from research in the slums of Dhaka. Although nominally richer and geographically closer to urban job markets than those in rural areas, people in the slums of Dhaka have greater difficulty accessing schooling, and have questionable rewards to look forward to at the end of it. The study draws on the theory of rates of return to education, but also looks beyond that to consider the factors that impede households from accessing the financial and other rewards that supposedly accrue from education. In particular, social connections play an important role in getting jobs and realizing other opportunities; and, unsurprisingly, gender plays a decisive role in deciding boys’ and girls’ futures. Although the research uncovered some potential routes through which schooling could reduce poverty, these were not realistically attainable in many cases. The paper considers these results in the light of human and social capital theories and ideas about the reproduction of social class through schooling.