Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling of VSC-HVDC and control strategies for supplying both active and passive systems

An equivalent continuous-time state-space model for VSC-HVDC in the synchronous dq reference frame has been established in the paper. Based on the model, relevant control strategies have been developed for the cases of supplying active and passive systems. The multi-input multi-output (MIMO) control schemes are emphasized in designing power controller and voltage controller. The scheme features feed forward compensation to decouple the d- and q-axis of the voltage source converter (VSC) model, which ensures the independent control of active and reactive power, DC voltage and reactive power as well. Simulations have been performed on PSCAD/EMTDC, a visual design environment for power system studies. The validity of the mathematic model and the feasibility of the control strategies have been proved by the simulation results
Views of Financial Economists on the Equity Premium and on Professional Controversies

The consensus of 226 academic financial economists forecasts an arithmetic equity premium of 7% per year over 10 and 30 year horizons; and 6% to 7% over 1 and 5 year horizons. Pessimistic and optimistic 30-year scenario forecasts average 2% and 13%. Respondents claim to revise their forecast downward when the stock market rises. They perceive the profession's consensus to be higher than it really is and are influenced by this perception. There is agreement that markets are efficient and lack arbitrage opportunities, and that government intervention in financial markets is detrimental.
Phosphorylation of dis2 protein phosphatase at the C‐terminal cdc2 consensus and its potential role in cell cycle regulation.

We show that the fission yeast dis2 protein phosphatase, which is highly similar to mammalian type 1 phosphatase, is a phosphoprotein containing phosphoserine (phospho‐S) and threonine (phospho‐T). It has several phosphorylation sites, two of which locate in the C‐terminus. Phospho‐T was abolished in the alanine substitution mutant at the C‐terminal T316, which is conserved as a residue in the cdc2 consensus, TPPR, in a number of type 1‐like phosphatases. In G2‐arrested cdc2‐L7 cells, the degree of T316 phosphorylation was reduced, whereas it was enhanced in metaphase‐arrested nuc2‐663 mutant cells. Phospho‐T was produced in dis2 by fission yeast cdc2 kinase, but not in the substitution mutant A316, indicating that the T316 residue was the site for cdc2 kinase in vitro. Phosphatase activity of wild type dis2 was reduced by incubation with cdc2 kinase, but that of mutant dis2‐A316 was not. Phosphorylation of T316 hence has a potential significance in cell cycle control in conjunction with cdc2 kinase activation and inactivation. Overexpression phenotypes of wild type dis2+, sds21+ and mutant dis2‐A316, sds21‐TPPR genes were consistent with negative regulation of dis2 by phosphorylation. This type of regulation would explain why cells harboring the dis2‐11 mutation enter mitosis but fail to exit from it.
Self-Reflection in Multicultural Training: Be Careful What You Ask For

Self-reflection in multicultural education is an important means to develop self-awareness and ultimately to change professional behavior in favor of more equitable health care to diverse populations. As conceptualized by scholars in the field of psychology, racial identity theory is critical to understanding and planning for the potentially wide range of predictable reactions to provocative activities, including those negative reactions that do not necessarily herald a flaw in programming. Careful consideration of racial identity developmental phases can also assist program planners to optimally meet the needs of individual physician trainees in their ongoing constructive professional and personal development, and in strategically mobilizing and having ready the type of institutional leadership that supports trainees' change processes. The authors focus on white physician trainees, the largest racial group of U.S. physicians and medical students. They first explain what they mean by the terms white and nonwhite. Racial identity theory is then applied, with true case examples, to explore such issues as where the self-proclaimed “color-blind” trainee fits into this theoretical schema, and how medical educators can best serve trainees who are resistant or indifferent to discussions of racism in medicine and equity in health care delivery. Ultimately, the authors' goal is to demonstrate that engendering genuine self-reflection can substantively improve the delivery of health care to the nation's diverse population. To help achieve that goal, they emphasize what to anticipate in effecting optimal trainee education and how to create an institutional climate supportive of individual change.
Arbitrage, Short Sales, and Financial Innovation

The authors describe a model of general equilibrium with incomplete markets in which firms can innovate by issuing arbitrary, costly securities. When short sales are prohibited, firms behave competitively and equilibrium is efficient. When short sales are allowed, these classical properties may fail. If unlimited short sales are allowed, imperfect competition may persist even when the number of potential innovators is large. If limited short sales are allowed, perfect competition may obtain in the limit, but equilibrium can be inefficient because of the presence of an externality: the private benefits of innovation for firms differ from the social benefits. Copyright 1991 by The Econometric Society.
An alternative measure for assessing perceived quality of software house services

Since the notion of perceived service quality and the disconfirmation paradigm were introduced in the IS community, quite a few studies have employed the SERVQUAL scale to measure perceived service quality. However, the instrument's psychometric properties have been seriously questioned, not only within the IS domain but also in many other contexts in which it has been tested. Yet, so far, no attempt has been made to develop and validate an alternative instrument specifically tailored to tackle the provision of b2b services such as those pertaining to MIS design and maintenance, despite the fact that quite a few researchers have made clear the need for doing so. Responding to this gap, the present study reports the results of an effort to validate INDSERV, an alternative to SERVQUAL. According to the findings, when slightly attuned by collapsing two specific dimensions into a single one, INDSERV outperforms SERVQUAL in all tests performed regarding dimensionality, reliability, convergent and discriminant validity as well as in concurrent validity.
Några vetenskapsteoretiska aspekter på forskning om ekonomistyrning

The aims of this paper are to discuss the general characteristics and pluralism of research in business administration and management control, and to discuss action research as a research methodology. In an introduction an overview of the debate pertaining to research in business administration is given. After that the basic grounds of the various major streams in research are discussed. Next an overview of some major paradigms is given followed by a presentation of a paradigm combining some of the basic paradigms. This paradigm is also used in some of the research programs headed by the author. Finally action research as a research methodology is discussed. It is seen as one kind of case study.
A Hierarchical Routing Algorithm for Satellite Networks Considering FSO Communication

Insufficient ground stations promote the emergence of inter-satellite links (ISLs). Nowadays, adopting free space optical (FSO) ISLs has been a new trend for data communications. However, FSO ISLs across the atmosphere may perform worse in adverse weather such as fog or snow. In addition, using ordinary flat routing causes an excessive processing overhead, and diverse quality of experiences (QoEs) cannot be well satisfied. To solve these problems, we propose a Hierarchical Routing protocol for low/medium earth orbit (LEO/MEO) Satellite RF( radio frequency)/FSO Communication Networks (HR-SFCN). The entire network is divided into several LEO-satellite clusters, and each cluster treats the MEO satellite as the manager. To satisfy diverse QoE requirements, we propose the optimization algorithm for data interactions within the cluster. To reduce the processing overhead, we utilize MEO satellites as relay nodes for inter-cluster communications. To guarantee the link availability, we also perform adaptive RF/FSO link switching according to weather conditions. Given a STK(satellite tool kit)-based satellite communication network model, simulation results demonstrate that our HR-SFCN achieves a good trade-off among packet loss rate, path cost and end-to-end delay. Our RF/FSO hybrid system also increases the link availability up to 99.999%.
Activity Preferences and Trip-planning Behavior of the U.S. Outbound Pleasure Travel Market

This article examines the findings of a survey of American pleasure travelers, who represent an attractive market in terms of size and economic potential for the travel industry. The study provides market-based information pertaining to American outbound pleasure travelers' destination activity preferences and their travel-planning behavior. More specifically, the study examines the travelers' trip-planning behavior and the impor tance attached to a variety of activities, amenities, and locational variables in considering four foreign destinations (Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean Islands, and Europe). Market ing implications of the findings are delineated.
Do Ideological Preferences Explain Parliamentary Behaviour? Evidence from Great Britain and Canada

Are parliamentary parties cohesive because leaders successfully impose discipline on their MPs or because MPs prefer - hence support - the same policies as their leaders do? If the latter is correct, and party cohesion is produced largely by members' concordant preferences, then models that explain cohesion as a function of the disciplinary mechanisms available to parties once the MP is in Parliament (for example, the distribution of patronage or the threat of de-selection) are not useful. This article uses British and Canadian MPs' responses to candidate surveys to estimate MPs' positions on a variety of ideological dimensions and then shows that MPs' preferences on these ideological dimensions only partially explain how often they vote against their parties. Indeed, even after one controls for an MP's ideological preferences, party affiliation remains a powerful predictor of the MP's loyalty or dissent - suggesting that party discipline does, in fact, contribute to cohesion. Additional tests indicate that these results are not spurious.
The Impact of Introducing an ERP System on Organizational Processes and Individual Employees of an Italian Regional Government Organization

Abstract The purpose of this article is to advance understanding of the impact of implementing an ERP system on organizational processes and individuals in a public sector organization. Specifically, the following questions will be explored: What is the impact of ERP system implementation on organizational processes? What has been the impact of implementing ERP on individual employees? A survey instrument was developed and used to answer these questions. The article contributes to academic knowledge by providing empirical evidence concerning the impact of ERP system implementation on organizational processes and individual employees of a regional government organization in Italy.
The Financial Crisis from a Forecaster's Perspective

This paper analyses the recession in 2008/2009 in Germany, which is very different from previous recessions, in particular regarding its cause and magnitude. We show to what extent forecasters and forecasts based on leading indicators fail to detect the timing and the magnitude of the recession. This study shows that large forecast errors for both expert forecasts and forecasts based on leading indicators resulted during this recession which implies that the recession was very difficult to forecast. However, some leading indicators (survey data, risk spreads, stock prices) have indicated an economic downturn and hence, beat univariate time series models. Although the combination of individual forecasts provides an improvement compared to the benchmark model, the combined forecasts are worse than several individual models. A comparison of expert forecasts with the best forecasts based on leading indicators shows only minor deviations. Overall, the range for an improvement of expert forecasts during the crisis compared to indicator forecasts is relatively small.
A Country-Wide Study of Consumer Choice for an Emerging Supermarket Sector: A Case Study of Nicaragua

Studies portraying and quantifying supermarket clientele based on country-wide survey data are scarce in development economics literature. This article studies the choice of outlet of Nicaraguan consumers in 1998 and 2001 when supermarkets started to emerge and gain in importance. It applies comparative statistics and a multinomial logit model to countrywide data on 4,000 households. The results show an emerging supermarket sector with a slowly growing clientele, especially among the better endowed and more highly educated families. Small grocery shops or pulperias and the daily and weekly markets continue to serve most clients.
Structural and compositional optimization of advanced fan-in WLCSPs base on FEA simulation

During the past ten years, fan-in wafer-level chip scale packages (WLCSPs) have extended its application into most of the portable handheld electronic devices, such as smart phones and tablets. All the applications of fan-in WLCSP were limited to devices with smaller die size and lower pin counts. Recently, some new applications with advanced silicon technology nodes impose new challenges on fan-in WLCSPs which is larger die size and high pin counts. These new requirements of fan-in WLCSPs make it hard to pass the end customer's board level reliability test. In this paper, the finite element analysis (FEA) method is adopted to explore the impacts of structure design and material selection on the board level reliability of fan-in WLCSPs with large die size and high I/O count. The WLCSP with Cu pillar post and surface encapsulation layer shows better solder ball thermal fatigue life and the recommendation of encapsulation material selection is given in this study.
Transformer less Intelligent Power Substation design with 15kV SiC IGBT for grid interconnection

Basic power topology for a Solid State Transformer (SST) with new 15kV SiC IGBT devices is discussed. It is difficult to build high efficient, light weight, magnetically isolated solid state transformer for high voltage (13.8 kV) grid connectivity with existing Si 6.5kV rated IGBTs and diodes. Existing state of the art high voltage (6.5kV), high speed power devices (IGBT) cause considerable amount of loss (switching and conduction loss). With the advent of SiC devices these limitations are largely mitigated and this provides the motivation for new power topologies. The targeted efficiency of the proposed SST is 98%. Simulation results for a 1 MVA proposed SST topology is presented.
Data Games: Sharing Public Goods with Exclusion

A group of firms decides to cooperate on a project that requires a combination of inputs held by some of them. These inputs are non-rival but excludable goods, i.e., public goods with exclusion such as knowledge, data or information, patents or copyrights. We address the question of how firms should be compensated for the inputs they contribute. We show that this problem can be framed within a cost sharing game for which the Shapley value comes out as a natural solution. The main result concerns the regular structure of the core that enables a simple characterization of the nucleolus. However, compared to the Shapley value, the nucleolus defines compensations that appear to be less appropriate in the context of data sharing. Our analysis is inspired by the problem faced by the European chemical firms within the regulation program REACH that requires submission by 2018 of a detailed analysis of all the substances they produce, import, or use.
Antidepressants may mitigate the effects of prenatal maternal anxiety on infant auditory sensory gating.

OBJECTIVE Prenatal maternal anxiety has detrimental effects on the offspring's neurocognitive development, including impaired attentional function. Antidepressants are commonly used during pregnancy, yet their impact on offspring attention and their interaction with maternal anxiety has not been assessed. The authors used P50 auditory sensory gating, a putative marker of early attentional processes measurable in young infants, to assess the impact of maternal anxiety and antidepressant use. METHOD A total of 242 mother-infant dyads were classified relative to maternal history of anxiety and maternal prenatal antidepressant use. Infant P50 auditory sensory gating was recorded during active sleep at a mean age of 76 days (SD=38). RESULTS In the absence of prenatal antidepressant exposure, infants whose mothers had a history of anxiety diagnoses had diminished P50 sensory gating. Prenatal antidepressant exposure mitigated the effect of anxiety. The effect of maternal anxiety was limited to amplitude of response to the second stimulus, while antidepressant exposure had an impact on the amplitude of response to both the first and second stimulus. CONCLUSIONS Maternal anxiety disorders are associated with less inhibition during infant sensory gating, a performance deficit mitigated by prenatal antidepressant exposure. This effect may be important in considering the risks and benefits of antidepressant use during pregnancy. Cholinergic mechanisms are hypothesized for both anxiety and antidepressant effects, although the cholinergic receptors involved are likely different for anxiety and antidepressant effects.
Pension Fund Activism and Firm Performance

Abstract This paper studies the efficacy of pension fund activism by examining all firms targeted by nine major funds from 1987 to 1993. I document a movement away from takeover-related proxy proposal targetings in the late 1980s to governance-related proxy proposal and nonproxy proposal targetings in the 1990s. For the vast majority of firms, there are no significant abnormal returns at the time of targeting. The subset of firms subject to nonproxy proposal targeting, however, experiences a significant positive wealth effect. There is no evidence of significant long-term improvement in either stock price or accounting measures of performance in the post-targeting period. Collectively, these results cast doubt on the effectiveness of pension fund activism as a substitute for an active market for corporate control.
Implantación de la innovación continua en la gestión de operaciones: una revisión de la literatura

La innovacion continua es un tema actual en la literatura academica, y varios autores coinciden en senalar que, a pesar de su aparente simplicidad, no es facil de implantar y mantener en las empresas. En este sentido, el objetivo del articulo es identificar los aspectos mas importantes a la hora de implantar la innovacion continua en la gestion de operaciones. Se realizo una revision de la literatura reciente de las revistas mas relevantes, ademas de las actas de los congresos organizados por CINet. El trabajo se completa con un analisis critico de la literatura donde se unifican conceptos acerca de que es la innovacion continua, se sintetizan las claves de exito o fracaso, y tambien las condiciones que se deben cumplir para poder implantar de forma satisfactoria los diferentes programas de innovacion continua. Por ultimo, se proponen las lineas de investigacion que se pueden considerar abiertas sobre el tema.
Drivers of Local Relative to Global Brand Purchases: A Contingency Approach

Consumers around the world are choosing between local versus global brands in the marketplace. The authors draw on the dual-drivers theory of consumer choice and global consumer culture theory to offer a sociocultural-historical perspective on purchases of local (relative to global) brands. Their framework focuses on two local–global consumer values (ethnocentrism and global connectedness) and the identity- and quality-signaling functions of local (relative to global) brands. The authors argue for a contingency approach such that the effects of these local–global consumer values are moderated by country level of economic development and product category symbolism. This research uses consumer-level data (n = 2,197) and country-level data (from Euromonitor's Global Market Information Database) from seven countries (Australia, Brazil, China, India, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States). They find that purchases of local (relative to global) brands are predicated on local–global consumer values, mediated by perceptions of the identity function of local (relative to global) brands, and moderated by the country's level of economic development and product category symbolism.
Regional Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Analysis of East African Trade Cooperation, 1970-2001

The growth in regionalism in recent years has been reflected in a renewed interest within sub-Saharan Africa in regional trade arrangements, and the recent adoption of the East African Cooperation agreement has continued a long tradition of trade cooperation between the economies of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Using a gravity model approach, this paper examines the pattern of trade over the past three decades of regional trade cooperation in East Africa. The results suggest that regional trade cooperation has had a positive effect on the growth of trade between the three economies.
Validation of a youth/adolescent food frequency questionnaire.

BACKGROUND To address limited longitudinal nutrition data on children and adolescents, a self-administered food frequency questionnaire was designed for older children and adolescents. Initially, the Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire (YAQ) was developed and demonstrated to be reproducible. This study was conducted to evaluate its validity. METHODS The form was administered twice to a sample of 261 youths (ages 9 to 18) at an approximate interval of 1 year (1993-1994), and three 24-hr dietary recalls were collected during this period. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated on nutrient data. RESULTS Validity was first evaluated by comparing the average of the three 24-hr recalls to the average of the two YAQs. Similar mean nutrients were found by both methods. Correlation coefficients between the mean energy-adjusted nutrients computed by the two methods ranged from 0.21 for sodium to 0.58 for folate. After correction for within-person error, the average correlation coefficient was 0.54, similar to that found among adults. CONCLUSION A simple self-administered questionnaire completed by older children and adolescents can provide nutritional information about this age group.