Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing AMR and SPH Cosmological Simulations. I. Dark Matter and Adiabatic Simulations

We compare two cosmological hydrodynamic simulation codes in the context of hierarchical galaxy formation: the Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code GADGET, and the Eulerian adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) code Enzo. Both codes represent dark matter with the N-body method but use different gravity solvers and fundamentally different approaches for baryonic hydrodynamics. The SPH method in GADGET uses a recently developed "entropy conserving" formulation of SPH, while for the mesh-based Enzo two different formulations of Eulerian hydrodynamics are employed: the piecewise parabolic method (PPM) extended with a dual energy formulation for cosmology, and the artificial viscosity-based scheme used in the magnetohydrodynamics code ZEUS. In this paper we focus on a comparison of cosmological simulations that follow either only dark matter, or also a nonradiative ("adiabatic") hydrodynamic gaseous component. We perform multiple simulations using both codes with varying spatial and mass resolution with identical initial conditions. The dark matter-only runs agree generally quite well provided Enzo is run with a comparatively fine root grid and a low overdensity threshold for mesh refinement, otherwise the abundance of low-mass halos is suppressed. This can be readily understood as a consequence of the hierarchical particle-mesh algorithm used by Enzo to compute gravitational forces, which tends to deliver lower force resolution than the tree-algorithm of GADGET at early times before any adaptive mesh refinement takes place. At comparable force resolution we find that the latter offers substantially better performance and lower memory consumption than the present gravity solver in Enzo. In simulations that include adiabatic gasdynamics we find general agreement in the distribution functions of temperature, entropy, and density for gas of moderate to high overdensity, as found inside dark matter halos. However, there are also some significant differences in the same quantities for gas of lower overdensity. For example, at z = 3 the fraction of cosmic gas that has temperature log T > 0.5 is ~80% for both Enzo ZEUS and GADGET, while it is 40%-60% for Enzo PPM. We argue that these discrepancies are due to differences in the shock-capturing abilities of the different methods. In particular, we find that the ZEUS implementation of artificial viscosity in Enzo leads to some unphysical heating at early times in preshock regions. While this is apparently a significantly weaker effect in GADGET, its use of an artificial viscosity technique may also make it prone to some excess generation of entropy that should be absent in Enzo PPM. Overall, the hydrodynamical results for GADGET are bracketed by those for Enzo ZEUS and Enzo PPM but are closer to Enzo ZEUS.
Linked Data Query Wizard: A Novel Interface for Accessing SPARQL Endpoints

In an interconnected world, Linked Data is more important than ever before. However, it is still quite dicult to access this new wealth of semantic data directly without having in-depth knowledge about SPARQL and related semantic technologies. Also, most people are currently used to consuming data as 2-dimensional tables. Linked Data is by denition always a graph, and not that many people are used to handle data in graph structures. Therefore we present the Linked Data Query Wizard, a web-based tool for displaying, accessing, ltering, exploring, and navigating Linked Data stored in SPARQL endpoints. The main innovation of the interface is that it turns the graph structure of Linked Data into a tabular interface and provides easy-to-use interaction possibilities by using metaphors and techniques from current search engines and spreadsheet applications that regular web users are already familiar with.
Whole-Genome Characteristics and Polymorphic Analysis of Vietnamese Rice Landraces as a Comprehensive Information Resource for Marker-Assisted Selection

Next generation sequencing technologies have provided numerous opportunities for application in the study of whole plant genomes. In this study, we present the sequencing and bioinformatic analyses of five typical rice landraces including three indica and two japonica with potential blast resistance. A total of 688.4 million 100 bp paired-end reads have yielded approximately 30-fold coverage to compare with the Nipponbare reference genome. Among them, a small number of reads were mapped to both chromosomes and organellar genomes. Over two million and eight hundred thousand single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions and deletions (InDels) in indica and japonica lines have been determined, which potentially have significant impacts on multiple transcripts of genes. SNP deserts, contiguous SNP-low regions, were found on chromosomes 1, 4, and 5 of all genomes of rice examined. Based on the distribution of SNPs per 100 kilobase pairs, the phylogenetic relationships among the landraces have been constructed. This is the first step towards revealing several salient features of rice genomes in Vietnam and providing significant information resources to further marker-assisted selection (MAS) in rice breeding programs.
The making of a ‘superstar’: the politics of playback and live performance in post-genocide Rwanda

Abstract This article considers the reconstruction of Rwanda's post-genocide music industry through the national music competition, Primus Guma Guma Super Star. It explores local ideas about ‘playback’ and ‘live’ music, and argues that these two performative categories can be understood as wider metaphors for the relationship between the Rwandan state and its citizens, particularly Rwandan youth. On the one hand, Guma Guma aims to create the ideal post-genocide celebrity subject who will ‘play back’ a unified, de-ethnicized Rwandan identity with body and words. On the other, during the first two seasons of the competition, audiences demanded ‘live’ performance and Guma Guma prompted heated debate about ‘taboo’ topics, revealing enduring differences along socio-economic, ethnic and regional lines. Rather than affirm an inclusive Rwandan identity, Guma Guma hinted at its fragility and underscored the multiple and conflicting ways in which young people identify themselves and evaluate ‘truth’ in the post-genocide era. The article contributes not only to literature on popular culture in Africa, but also to studies that focus on mediation and changes in recording technology. Although scholars have quite rightly attempted to dissolve the boundary between the live and the mediated, I suggest that the boundary continues to do cultural and political work, particularly in developmental states. Résumé Cet article examine la reconstruction de l'industrie musicale au Rwanda post-génocide à travers le concours national de musique intitulé Primus Guma Guma Super Star. Il explore les idées locales concernant la musique en « playback » et en « direct », et soutient que l'on peut comprendre ces deux catégories de prestation comme des métaphores plus larges de la relation entre l’État rwandais et ses citoyens, et notamment les jeunes. D'un côté, Guma Guma vise à créer l'objet de célébrité post-génocide idéal qui interprétera en playback, par le corps et les mots, une identité rwandaise unifiée désethnicisée. De l'autre, au cours des deux premières saisons du concours, le public a réclamé des interprétations en direct et Guma Guma a déclenché des débats passionnés sur des sujets « tabous » révélant des différences persistantes sur des lignes socioéconomiques, ethniques et régionales. Plutôt que d'affirmer une identité rwandaise inclusive, Guma Guma a fait allusion à sa fragilité et souligné les manières multiples et divergentes dont les jeunes s'identifient et évaluent la « vérité » dans l’ère post-génocide. L'article contribue non seulement à la littérature sur la culture populaire en Afrique, mais aussi aux études sur la médiation et l’évolution des technologies d'enregistrement. Bien que les chercheurs aient tenté, à juste titre, de dissoudre la frontière entre le direct et la médiation, l'auteur suggère que la frontière poursuit son œuvre culturelle et politique, notamment dans les états de développement.
Visually pleasant blending techniques in underwater mosaicing

of two or more images that are then combined into a single and usually larger one. The applications of mosaicing comprehend panoramic photography, super-resolution, virtual environments and vision based navigation systems, as a most relevant exponents. Besides generic camera issues as geometric and chromatic distortions, underwa-ter images are aff ected by particular factors as non-uniform illumination, caustics, blurring, suspended particles and scattering, making even more diffi cult the alignment and blend-ing. The aim of this work is to perform a re-view on the existing image blending techniques specially focusing the study on its application on the underwater imaging.
Mining potential research synergies from co-authorship graphs using power graph analysis

Bibliographic databases are a prosperous field for data mining research and social network analysis. They contain rich information, which can be analysed across different dimensions (e.g., author, year, venue, and topic) and can be exploited in multiple ways. The representation and visualisation of bibliographic databases as graphs and the application of data mining techniques can help us uncover interesting knowledge concerning potential synergies between researchers, possible matchings between researchers and venues, candidate reviewers for a paper or even the ideal venue for presenting a research work. In this paper, we propose a novel representation model for bibliographic data, which combines co-authorship and content similarity information, and allows for the formation of scientific networks. Using a graph visualisation tool from the biological domain, we are able to provide comprehensive visualisations that help us uncover hidden relations between authors and suggest potential synergies between researchers or groups.
Towards the Development of Intelligent Agent for Novice C/C++ Programmers through Affective Analysis of Event Logs

Novice programmers are having a difficult time writing their first programs and instructors handling a programming class with a large population are also having difficulties in monitoring every student's activity. One way to address this is to develop a tool that can help instructors monitor students' negative affects such that these instructors can easily determine students who need attention and guidance. This study established a model that is used in the development of an affective intelligent agent that can determine two negative affect states of students while making a program in C++, namely, confused and boredom. The model was established through the gathered key log data from novice C++ programmers. Processing these data through a data mining tool called WEKA, some patterns in detecting the affect states of these programmers were discovered. On the other hand, the affective intelligent agent can be used to improve monitoring student's attitude towards programming by alerting the teacher whenever the agent detects sign of boredom or confusion from the students.
A Biological Theory of Knowledge and Applications to Real World Organizations

This paper extends an epistemologically grounded biological theory of organization and knowledge based on Karl Popper's evolutionary epistemology and three worlds ontology, amalgamating concepts from evolutionary biology, emergence and hierarchy theory, autopoiesis, and military affairs. We discuss how this body of theory is being used to guide and inform KM research and development in a geographically extended industrial and project management organization. Applicability of the biological and epistemological framework is demonstrated in a study of the emergence and sustainment of communities of practice, in the development of a methodology for improving business processes, and in the implementation of managing engineering knowledge over the lifecycles of fleets of ships and vehicles.
Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Its Biomarkers

Nephrotoxicity occurs when kidney-specific detoxification and excretion do not work properly due to the damage or destruction of kidney function by exogenous or endogenous toxicants. Exposure to drugs often results in toxicity in kidney which represents the major control system maintaining homeostasis of body and thus is especially susceptible to xenobiotics. Understanding the toxic mechanisms for nephrotoxicity provides useful information on the development of drugs with therapeutic benefi ts with reduced side effects. Mechanisms for drug-induced nephrotoxicity include changes in glomerular hemodynamics, tubular cell toxicity, inflammation, crystal nephropathy, rhabdomyolysis, and thrombotic microangiopathy. Biomarkers have been identifi ed for the assessment of nephrotoxicity. The discovery and development of novel biomarkers that can diagnose kidney damage earlier and more accurately are needed for effective prevention of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Although some of them fail to confer specificity and sensitivity, several promising candidates of biomarkers were recently proved for assessment of nephrotoxicity. In this review, we summarize mechanisms of drug-induced nephrotoxicity and present the list of drugs that cause nephrotoxicity and biomarkers that can be used for early assessment of nephrotoxicity.
Quantitative metrics for assessing predicted climate change pressure on North American tree species

Changing climate may pose a threat to forest tree species, forcing three potential population- level responses: toleration/adaptation, movement to suitable environmental conditions, or local extirpation. Assessments that prioritize and classify tree species for management and conservation activities in the face of climate change will need to incorporate estimates of the risk posed by climate change to each species. To assist in such assessments, we developed a set of four quantitative metrics of potential climate change pressure on forest tree species: (1) percent change in suitable area, (2) range stability over time, (3) range shift pressure, and (4) current realized niche occupancy. All four metrics are derived from climate change environmental suitability maps generated using the Multivariate Spatio-Temporal Clustering (MSTC) technique, which combines aspects of traditional geographical information systems and statistical clustering techniques. As part of the Forecasts of Climate-Associated Shifts in Tree Species (ForeCASTS) project, we calculated the predicted climate change pressure statistics for North American tree species using occurrence data from the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program. Of 172 modeled tree species, all but two were projected to decline in suitable area in the future under the Hadley B1 Global Circulation Model/scenario combination. Eastern species under Hadley B1 were predicted to experience a greater decline in suitable area and less range stability than western species, although predicted range shift did not dier between the regions. Eastern species were more likely than western species, on average, to be habitat generalists. Along with the consideration of important species life-history traits and of threats other than climate change, the metrics described here should be valuable for eorts to determine which species to target for monitoring eorts and conservation actions.
Escherichia coli SeqA Structures Relocalize Abruptly upon Termination of Origin Sequestration during Multifork DNA Replication

The Escherichia coli SeqA protein forms complexes with new, hemimethylated DNA behind replication forks and is important for successful replication during rapid growth. Here, E. coli cells with two simultaneously replicating chromosomes (multifork DNA replication) and YFP tagged SeqA protein was studied. Fluorescence microscopy showed that in the beginning of the cell cycle cells contained a single focus at midcell. The focus was found to remain relatively immobile at midcell for a period of time equivalent to the duration of origin sequestration. Then, two abrupt relocalization events occurred within 2–6 minutes and resulted in SeqA foci localized at each of the cell’s quarter positions. Imaging of cells containing an additional fluorescent tag in the origin region showed that SeqA colocalizes with the origin region during sequestration. This indicates that the newly replicated DNA of first one chromosome, and then the other, is moved from midcell to the quarter positions. At the same time, origins are released from sequestration. Our results illustrate that newly replicated sister DNA is segregated pairwise to the new locations. This mode of segregation is in principle different from that of slowly growing bacteria where the newly replicated sister DNA is partitioned to separate cell halves and the decatenation of sisters a prerequisite for, and possibly a mechanistic part of, segregation.
Handbook of Research on Creative Problem-Solving Skill Development in Higher Education

This chapter introduces design thinking as an educational approach to enhance creative problem-solving skills. It is a problem-based learning paradigm that builds on three pillars: A creative problem solving process, creative work-spaces and collaboration in multi-perspective teams. This chapter discusses central elements of design thinking education and contrasts the approach to conventional education as well as other problem-based learning paradigms. In particular, design thinking classes harness a unique “look and feel” and “verve” to help students acquire and experience creative mastery. Furthermore, the chapter overviews empirical studies on design thinking education. Four studies are described in more detail: Experiments on the three pillars of design thinking and one case study where a university class curriculum has been changed to a design thinking paradigm. Finally, the chapter provides resources for readers who want to learn more about design thinking education.
Medication Lists and Brown Bag Reviews: Potential Positive and Negative Impacts on Patients Beliefs about Their Medicine

Introduction. Medication lists and structured medication counselling (SMC) including “brown bag reviews” (BBR) are important instruments for medication safety. The aim of this study was to explore whether patients' use of a medication list is associated with their beliefs about their medicine and their memory of SMC. Methods. Baseline data of 344 patients enrolled into the “Polypharmacy in Multimorbid Patients study” were analysed. Linear regression models were calculated for the “specific necessity subscale” (SNS) and the “specific concerns subscale” (SCS) of the German “Beliefs About Medicine Questionnaire,” including self-developed variables assessing patients' use of a medication list, their memory of SMC, and sociodemographic data. Results. 62.8% (n = 216) remembered an appointment for SMC and 32.0% (n = 110) BBR. The SNS correlated positively with regular receipt of a medication list (β = 0.286, p < 0.01) and negatively with memory of a BBR (β = −0.268; p < 0.01). The SCS correlated positively with memory of a BBR (β = 0.160, p = 0.02) and negatively with the comprehensiveness of the mediation list (β = −0.224; p < 0.01). Conclusions. A comprehensive medication list may reduce patients' concerns and increase the perceived necessity of their medication. A potential negative impact of BBR on patients' beliefs about their medicine should be considered and quality standards for SMC developed.
Performance evaluation of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks using statistical Taguchi's experimental design

This paper presents the application of Taguchi approach in investigating the performance of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) with respect to drop rates. The performance of MANETs was influenced very much by the routing protocol designs and quantitative factors such as network size, terrain, pause-time, node speed, transmission range, traffic load, and packet rates. The NS-2 simulator was used for the simulation of the MANETs under a specific scenario. The tools of Taguchi approach such as L12 orthogonal array, analysis of signal-to-noise ratio, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed. Results showed that the effects of network size, terrain, node speed, transmission range, traffic load, packet rates, and routing were found to be statistically significant, and the most significant factor was transmission range. Using the combination of optimal levels of the significant factors, the specific values of drop rates was predicted. Good agreement between the predicted drop rates and actual drop rates was observed in this study.
The Classificaton of EEG Signals Recorded in Drunk and Non-Drunk People

Alcoholic beverages are widely used in many societies. People can maintain their everyday lives while using a certain amount of alcohol. However, when alcohol is used intensively, it prevents healthy thinking, undermines decision making and reflex functions. This decrease in reflexes brings increase in traffic and job accidents. In order to determine the capability of a person to do a job, the detection of alcohol level is important. Nowadays, breathalyzers are used for the purpose of such detection. These devices measure the amount of alcohol rather than loss of function caused by alcohol. But the amount of alcohol taken show different effects from person to person. In this study people were tested and determined whether they were alcoholic with the help of EEG data. Preprocessing was performed on the EEG data set before the process of detection, followed by the training of ANN (Artificial Neural Network) and its test. Based on the obtained best performance value, an interface was designed on MATLAB for users. General Terms Artificial Neural Networks, Biomedical Signal Processing
Implementing statistics in a diagnostic coaching structure for rugby

Statistics are having an increased influence in the rugby-coaching environment. Many of the statistics used are exposed to changeable match constraints and conditions, reducing the practical significance of these data. Multivariate statistical techniques allow meaningful statistics to be created that can summarise individual performance and negate the variability in match involvement. This increases the power of the statistical tool to coaches by enabling deficient or superior performances to be identified and put into context. The steps required to create a stable measure of overall performance are outlined, before it is shown how this same process can be used to identify inferior/superior performance on single physical tasks. The same simple process of constructing an overall rating and then deconstructing the rating to diagnose the causes of abnormal performance is applicable to other sports, but provides the coach with an easier to use data set that can be explored using graphical techniques.
Driver Fatigue Detection: A Survey

Driver fatigue is an important factor in a large number of accidents. There has been much work done in driver fatigue detection. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of research on driver fatigue detection and provides structural categories for the methods which have been proposed. The methods of fatigue detection mainly focused on measures of the driver's state, driver performance and the combination of the driver's state and performance. The measures of driver's state included PERCLOS, mouth shape and head position; the measures of driver performance included lane tracking and tracking of distance between vehicles. These approaches are presented and discussed in detail. Some typical driver monitoring systems are also introduced in this paper. Finally, summary and conclusions are presented