Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel hybrid current control strategy applied in Three-Phase Four-Leg APF

A novel hybrid current control strategy applied in Three-Phase Four-Leg active power filter (APF) is proposed. For the Three-Phase Four-Leg APF, once the three-phase source currents after compensation are sinusoidal and balanced, the neutral current generated by unbalanced loads will be compensated by the neutral leg of APF automatically, thus the output currents control of three main power legs is independent from the neutral leg. The novel control strategy applies SVM to the output current control of three power legs, and employs hysteresis current control for the neutral leg. To achieve the expected compensation, an improved p-q method is applied in the detection of harmonic and reactive components of load currents. Furthermore, the exchange and redistribution of energy between the power system and APF which make the ideal compensation possible is also analyzed. The results of simulation demonstrate the validity of the proposed strategy.
H2AX gene does not have a modifier effect on ataxia‐telangiectasia phenotype

Ataxia‐telangiectasia (AT) is a complex disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, immunodeficiency, hypersensitivity to DNA damaging agents and cancer predisposition. Clinical heterogeneity is observed even among the affected siblings with AT. Mutations of the ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene are responsible for AT. H2AX, an essential histone protein, is phosphorylated by ATM in response to double‐strand breaks, and H2AX‐deficient mice share some clinical and laboratory findings with AT. Therefore, we sought a possible modifier effect of H2AX gene on various clinical features in a group of patients with AT and healthy controls. We performed sequence analysis of H2AX gene in 81 patients with AT, and in 51 of them, we analysed methylation. We examined H2AX gene expression in 25 patients. We investigated 48 healthy individuals as a control group. We did not detect any mutation or sequence variation in the H2AX gene, or any altered methylation pattern in any of the patients. Although H2AX gene expression was markedly increased (2.5‐ to 11.8‐fold) in five of 25 patients, and slightly increased (1.5‐ to 2.4‐fold) in four patients, the correlations between H2AX gene expression and the evaluated clinical features of the patients were not significant. Other potential modifier genes that might be scrutinized in AT patients include p53, 53BP1 and TIP60, as well as the genes that effect mitochondrial function and the oxidative response.
Fiscal Policy and Macroeconomic Fluctuations in a Fixed Exchange Rate Regime

This paper develops a model with imperfect competition and micro-foundation based on the framework of New Open Economy Macroeconomics in order to discuss government spending shock on macroeconomic fluctuations (for example, consumption, output, price, and terms of trade, etc.) under the fixed exchange rate regime and try to explain the role of consumption home bias. By way of theoretical derivation and simulation analysis, this paper discovers that without consideration of consumption home bias under the fixed exchange rate regime in the long term, government spending is positively related to domestic output but is negatively related to private sector consumption, price and terms of trade. Once you take consumption home bias into consideration like that consumers in two countries both are in favor of home goods, the relationship among government spending, consumption, output, and price will be reversed. And, in the short term government spending only will have an influence on interest rate and both of them are positive correlative.
When there are not enough Baskets to put your Eggs in- A Study of a Sample Bank Bond Portfolio on the Swedish Interbank-market

This thesis explores the Swedish interbank-market, with empirical material from a sample bank, by conducting a qualitative interview as well as modelling probabilities of defaults in the sample bank bond portfolio. From the interview, we seek whether there is a rationale for investing in other financial institutions while also examining the effects of investing in your own industry with the modelled probabilities of defaults. By analyzing the qualitative and quantitative data, we find that the core of the rationale is that the sample bank is limited by the undiverse supply of bonds on the Swedish interbank-market, and that the financial institutions increase the risk in the portfolio in terms of probabilities of defaults. Conclusively, if the target is to minimize the risk in the portfolio, a financial institution on the Swedish interbank-market should avoid investing in other financial institutions.
Systemic lobar shunting induces advanced pulmonary vasculopathy.

OBJECTIVES We characterized the morphology and vasomotor responses of a localized, high-flow model of pulmonary hypertension. METHODS An end-to-side anastomosis was created between the left lower lobe pulmonary artery and the aorta in 23 piglets. Control animals had a thoracotomy alone or did not have an operation. Eight weeks later, hemodynamic measurements were made. Then shunted and/or nonshunted lobes were removed for determination of vascular resistance and compliance by occlusion techniques under conditions of normoxia, hypoxia (FIO (2) = 0.03), and inspired nitric oxide administration. Quantitative histologic studies of vessel morphology were performed. RESULTS Eighty-three percent of animals having a shunt survived to final study. Aortic pressure, main pulmonary artery and wedge pressures, cardiac output, blood gases, and weight gain were not different between control pigs and those receiving a shunt. Six of 9 shunted lobes demonstrated systemic levels of pulmonary hypertension in vivo. Arterial resistance was higher (24.3 +/- 12.0 vs 1.3 +/- 0. 2 mm Hg. mL(-1). s(-1), P =. 04) and arterial compliance was lower (0. 05 +/- 0.01 vs 0.16 +/- 0.03 mL/mm Hg, P =.02) in shunted compared with nonshunted lobes. Hypoxic vasoconstriction was blunted in shunted lobes compared with nonshunted lobes (31% +/- 13% vs 452% +/- 107% change in arterial resistance, during hypoxia, P <.001). Vasodilation to inspired nitric oxide was evident only in shunted lobes (34% +/- 6% vs 1.8% +/- 8.2% change in arterial resistance during administration of inspired nitric oxide, P =.008). Neointimal and medial proliferation was found in shunted lobes with approximately a 10-fold increase in wall/luminal area ratio. CONCLUSIONS An aorta-lobar pulmonary artery shunt produces striking vasculopathy. The development of severe pulmonary hypertension within a short time frame, low mortality, and localized nature of the vasculopathy make this model highly attractive for investigation of mechanisms that underlie pulmonary hypertension.
Embedded Doppler system for industrial in-line rheometry

Rheological fluid behavior characterization is crucial for the industrial production of cosmetics, food, pharmaceutics, adhesive, sealants, etc. For example, the measurement of specific rheological features at every step of the production chain is critical for product quality control. Such measurements are often limited to laboratory tests on product specimens because of technical difficulties. In this work, we present an embedded system suitable for in-line rheometric evaluation of highly filled polyurethane-based adhesives. This system includes an ultrasound front-end and a digital signal processing section integrated in a low-cost field-programmable gate array. The system measures the real-time velocity profile developed in the pipe by the fluid, employing a Doppler multigate technique. The high-resolution velocity profile, combined with a pressure drop measurement, allows an accurate evaluation of the flow consistency index, K, and the flow behavior index, n, of the interrogated fluid.
Attributes of Weathercasters Who Engage in Climate Change Education Outreach

This research explores the role of weathercasters as local climate change educators and identifies attributes of those who present climate science to their viewers. In 2015, the authors attempted to survey all television weathercasters currently working in the United States (n = 2128); 478 participated, yielding a 22.5% participation rate. Using logistic regression to identify attributes of weathercasters who report on climate change on-air, it was found that the strongest predictors were participation in Climate Matters (a climate change reporting resource program) (β = 1.01, p < 0.001), personal interest in reporting on climate change (β = 0.93, p < 0.001), age (higher rates of reporting among older weathercasters) (β = 0.301, p < 0.05), and number of climate reporting interests (β = 1.37, p < 0.05). Linear regression was used to identify attributes of weathercasters who showed the most interest in climate change reporting. Weathercasters most interested in reporting about climate change on-air were more certain that climate change is happening (β = 0.344, p < 0.001), were convinced climate change is human caused (β = 0.226, p < 0.001), were older (β = 0.157, p < 0.001), and found the Third National Climate Assessment to be useful (β = 0.134, p < 0.05). Weathercasters who are personally motivated to seek and share broad scientific information, acting as “station scientists,” appear to be those who are also proactive in sharing climate change information. Assisting motivated weathercasters with programs that reduce barriers to climate change education outreach complements their abilities to educate the public regarding climate change science.
Musculoskeletal Problems in Iranian Hand-Woven Shoe-Sole Making Operation and Developing Guidelines for Workstation Design

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among important health problems in working population. Because of performing difficult physical activities, hand-woven shoe-sole makers are at risk of developing various types of MSDs. Objective: To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in different body areas of hand-woven shoe-sole makers, assess workers′ postures and workstations, evaluate ergonomic and individual factors associated with MSDs, and develop guidelines for designing hand-woven shoe-sole making workstation. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of MSDs symptoms and their risk factors were studied among 240 hand-woven shoe-sole makers. Working posture and workstations were ergonomically assessed as well. The data were collected through interviewing and using Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire and by direct observation of posture using RULA method. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors associated with MSDs symptoms. Results: The prevalence and severity of MSDs symptoms were high among the study population. Ergonomic factors including daily working time, working posture, and force exertion, as well as individual factors, such as age, job tenure, and education were significantly associated with MSDs symptoms. Conclusion: It seems that the majority of ergonomics shortcomings originate from poorly designed workstation. Some general guidelines for designing shoe-sole making workstation are presented.
Cluster Algorithm for Electing Cluster Heads Based on Threshold Energy

One of important requirements for many Wireless sensor network applications is to prolong network lifetime. The cluster head consumes more energy than other member nodes, because it gathers data from its member nodes, processes it (e.g. data fusion), and transfers data to the sink node or to the base station that maybe located remotely. Therefore, the cluster head should be elected periodically within the cluster to avoid the quick death of the head node and make all node loads distribute evenly. Based on the extensive analyzing of those algorithms such as LEACH, a cluster algorithm for electing cluster heads based on threshold energy is presented. The lifetime is suggested to be expressed as to both the maximum last node dying time and the minimum time difference between the last node dying and the first node dying. In order to obtain the effect, threshold energy was obtained and evaluated. The threshold energy is related to the initial energy of each node (Eo), number of nodes(n), energy consumption of cluster head (ECch), and energy consumption of cluster members (ECcm). The main purpose is to obtain the maximum network lifetime. What we now have done just to analyse the static threshold energy. When the optimal Dynamic threshold energy is adapted in the algorithm, the lifetime can be prolonged while the performance of network can maintain unabated. Results demonstrate that this algorithm which is more effective routing protocol prolongs the network lifetime when cluster heads are elected with the optimal threshold energy.
Institutional Complementarities and Corporate Governance: The Case of Hostile Takeover Attempts

Research Question/Issue. Do institutions reinforce each other when it comes to shaping the economic and organizational environment? We investigate national institutional complementarities by examining how different types of institutions jointly influence the occurrence of hostile takeover attempts, a practice in corporate governance whose frequency differs across countries. We distinguish among regulative, normative, and cultural‐cognitive institutions and examine how they interact to influence the occurrence of hostile takeover attempts worldwide. Research Findings/Insights. Using panel data on hostile takeover activity of 45 countries between 1988 and 2016, we find evidence supporting the impact of institutions individually and of institutional complementarities. Theoretical/Academic Implications. This study shows that important corporate governance practices such as hostile takeover attempts are indeed influenced by different aspects of institutional environment. It thus helps us better understand the effectiveness of corporate governance practice across different countries. Practitioner/Policy Implications. This study sheds new light on policies facilitating certain corporate governance practice such as hostile takeovers. It also provides managers with a tool to analyze the prevalence of hostile takeovers in a country.
Improving passive estimation of TCP round-trip times using TCP timestamps

In order to make accurate routing and queueing decisions, passive measurement of TCP flows is becoming increasingly common. Passive measurement techniques have the advantage that they do not inject extra traffic into the connection. These techniques work by associating packet pairs (e.g., a data packet and its acknowledgement during slow start) and then measuring the RTT for those pairs. Unfortunately, such association is difficult in the general case, primarily because an acknowledgement can rarely be associated with the data packets that it triggers. This paper presents a new passive measurement technique that associates packet pairs using TCP timestamps. The basic idea is to capture all packets that pass through the measurement point, and match two pairs of packets, where one timestamp is common to both pairs. Unlike previous techniques, this allows us to obtain samples throughout the lifetime of the connection. Results show that our technique has less than a 1% error on average for an ftp download. As most end hosts currently employ the timestamp option, our technique is widely applicable in practice.
The 2015 European Refugee Crisis and Residential Housing Rents in Germany

We study the impact of the 2015 mass arrival of refugees to Germany on residential housing rents. Using unique data on end of year county-level refugee populations and data on monthly offers of flats for rent from Germany's leading online property broker Immobilienscout24, we find strong evidence in difference-in-differences regressions for a negative effect of refugee immigration on rental prices. Adverse price effects, however, appear attenuated in the heyday of the crisis in late 2015 if a larger share of refugees is housed in decentralized accommodation. Various robustness checks corroborate our findings, including IV regressions that exploit for identification information on the pre-crisis location of refugee reception centers and group quarters.
Nutrition of the Intervertebral Disc

Study Design. A review of the literature on disc nutrition. Objectives. To summarize the information on disc nutrition in relation to disc degeneration. Summary of the Background Data. The disc is avascular, and the disc cells depend on diffusion from blood vessels at the disc’s margins to supply the nutrients essential for cellular activity and viability and to remove metabolic wastes such as lactic acid. The nutrient supply can fail due to changes in blood supply, sclerosis of the subchondral bone or endplate calcification, all of which can block transport from blood supply to the disc or due to changes in cellular demand. Methods. A review of the studies on disc blood supply, solute transport, studies of solute transport in animal and human disc in vitro, and of theoretical modeling studies that have examined factors affecting disc nutrition. Results. Small nutrients such as oxygen and glucose are supplied to the disc’s cells virtually entirely by diffusion; convective transport, arising from load-induced fluid movement in and out of the disc, has virtually no direct influence on transport of these nutrients. Consequently, there are steep concentration gradients of oxygen, glucose, and lactic acid across the disc; oxygen and glucose concentrations are lowest in the center of the nucleus where lactic acid concentrations are greatest. The actual levels of concentration depend on the balance between diffusive transport and cellular demand and can fall to critical levels if the endplate calcifies or nutritional demand increases. Conclusions. Loss of nutrient supply can lead to cell death, loss of matrix production, and increase in matrix degradation and hence to disc degeneration.
A novel oral form of salmon calcitonin improves glucose homeostasis and reduces body weight in diet‐induced obese rats

Aim: To investigate the effects of acute and chronic administration of a novel oral formulation of salmon calcitonin (sCT) on glycaemic control, glucose homeostasis and body weight regulation in diet‐induced obese (DIO) rats—an animal model of obesity‐related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Mobility in a description based clustered ad hoc network

Wireless mobile ad hoc networks can be used as a means to ease and support life in an ordinary house. As future home appliances will have many useful built-in functions, a communication network that allows a user to access these built-in functions and to control the appliances is highly desirable. This paper proposes a routing algorithm for mobility in a description-based clustered ad-hoc network where the nodes are given descriptions or keywords such as “living room TV”, “kitchen oven”, etc. as identifiers. In this paper, we discuss and compare the routing and the number of control messages required to achieve a higher message delivery success rate for frequent and infrequent communication of nodes with mobility. When communication is infrequent a search is performed for the destination regardless of mobility. The proposed algorithm handles mobility efficiently while ensuring a high accuracy on message delivery with the least amount of control messages.
Nonspecific Double-Stranded DNA Binding Activity of Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen Is Involved in Melting and Unwinding of the Origin

ABSTRACT Helicase activity is required for T antigen to unwind the simian virus 40 origin. We previously mapped this activity to residues 131 and 616. In this study, we generated a series of mutants with single-point substitutions in the helicase domain to discover other potential activities required for helicase function. A number of DNA unwinding-defective mutants were generated. Four of these mutants (456RA, 460ED, 462GA, and 499DA) were normal in their ability to hydrolyze ATP and were capable of associating into double hexamers in the presence of origin DNA. Furthermore, they possessed normal ability to bind to single-stranded DNA. However, they were severely impaired in unwinding origin-containing DNA fragments and in carrying out a helicase reaction with an M13 partial duplex DNA substrate. Interestingly, these mutants retained some ability to perform a helicase reaction with artificial replication forks, indicating that their intrinsic helicase activity was functional. Intriguingly, these mutants had almost completely lost their ability to bind to double-stranded DNA nonspecifically. The mutants also failed to melt the early palindrome region of the origin. Taken together, these results indicate that the mutations have destroyed a novel activity required for unwinding of the origin. This activity depends on the ability to bind to DNA nonspecifically, and in its absence, T antigen is unable to structurally distort and subsequently unwind the origin.
The Relationship Between Greek Exports and Foreign Regional Income

This paper assesses the effect of foreign economic activity on Greek exports based on both static and dynamic analysis. We employ data from 1990:I to 2016:IV and quantify the long-run foreign income elasticity of Greek exports. We establish a cointegration relationship and find that the aggregate foreign income elasticity of Greek exports is 1.72 and the price elasticity is negative. We reveal that economic growth in Germany, Italy and Turkey has the greatest impact on Greek exports and the corresponding elasticities are found to be 0.75, 0.72 and 0.65. The rest of the European countries are also found to be significant for the growth of the Greek exports. Finally, the dynamic analysis shows a positive interaction between real income growth in Germany, Italy, the rest of Europe and Greek export growth in the short-run horizon.
Agglomeration economies, related and unrelated variety in Brazil

This paper aims to analyze preliminary results that quantify and qualify specialization and diversification for Brazilian states on the light of regional economics. For this purpose, it was used RAIS (Annual Relation of Social Information, developed by MTE – Ministry of Labor) and input-output tables. We used the Los index as proxy for specialization and the related and unrelated variety for diversification and found that among the states pointed by this index as more specialized we have Amapá, São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul. On the other hand, the RV and UV indexes showed São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul as the ones with higher variety. As conclusion, we identify the necessity of a reevaluation of those indexes at a micro region level, this, due to the continental dimension of the country as well as the high heterogeneity of the Brazilian states. Future research questions are then exposed.