Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Opinions, and Practice Patterns of Obstetrician-Gynecologists Regarding Their Patients' Use of Alcohol

Objective:To evaluate the evolution of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder prevention practices including awareness and use of recently published tools. Methods:Fellows of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists were asked about their knowledge, opinions, and practice regarding alcohol-related care. Eight hundred obstetrician-gynecologists (ob-gyns) were selected; 48.1% returned the survey. Results:The majority (66.0%) indicated that occasional alcohol consumption is not safe during any period of pregnancy. There was no consensus when asked if alcohol's effect on fetal development is clear (46.9% thought it was clear and 45.9% did not). Most (82.2%) ask all pregnant patients about alcohol use only during patients' initial visit, whereas 10.6% ask during initial and subsequent visits. Most (78.5%) advise abstinence when pregnant women report alcohol use. When asked which validated alcohol risk screening tool they most commonly use with pregnant patients, 57.8% said they use no tool. Although 71.9% felt prepared to screen for risky or hazardous drinking, older ob-gyns indicated feeling significantly more unprepared than younger ob-gyns. “Patient denial or resistance to treatment” was the top issue affecting alcohol screening and “referral resources for patients with alcohol problems” was the resource needed most. Most ob-gyns were not aware of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism “Clinician's Guide” or the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists “Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Prevention Tool Kit. ” Conclusions:There are few changes in the alcohol-related screening and treatment patterns of ob-gyns since 1999; although perceived barriers and needs have changed. Interventions, including referral resources and continuing medical education training, are warranted.
Contribution à l'étude de fonctions optiques pour la régénération du signal dans les systèmes de transmission à haut débit

Ce travail de these est consacre a l'etude theorique et experimentale de la regeneration tout-optique pour les systemes de telecommunications longue distance et tres-haut debit. Nous nous interessons plus particulierement a des solutions compactes, bas cout, et compatibles avec des systemes multiplexes en longueur d'onde (WDM). Ces travaux se sont orientes vers des dispositifs a base d'absorbant saturable en microcavite (AS) qui grâce a un couplage optique vertical et un demultiplexage spatial des longueurs d'onde rend ce composant tres attractif pour des applications de regeneration tout-optique dans des systemes de transmission WDM. Premierement, nous etudions une architecture de regenerateur optique 2R base sur l'association d'un AS et d'un limiteur de puissance utilisant des effets non-lineaires dans une fibre optique. Durant cette these, un module AS a 8 canaux a ete realise. Ce module a permis d'etudier la compatibilite de l'AS avec des systemes de transmission WDM. L'efficacite de ce module AS pour la regeneration 2R est validee a l'aide d'une boucle a recirculation de 100 km. Nous avons demontre experimentalement sur les 8 canaux du module une amelioration de la distance de transmission d'un facteur 3,3 pour un taux d'erreur binaire de 10−4 . Deuxiemement, une solution alternative pour realiser la fonction de limiteur de puissance base egalement sur un AS est proposee. Nous etudions donc un dispositif de regeneration qui associe un premier AS, permettant d'ameliorer le taux d'extinction du signal, et un deuxieme AS traitant les fluctuations des puissances optiques elevees (symbole "un"). Ensuite, un regenerateur 3R tout-optique base sur le regenerateur 2R et une technique de modulation synchrone est considere. La modulation synchrone est realisee par une modulation d'absorption croisee dans l'AS obtenue en injectant une horloge optique issue d'une recuperation d'horloge (RH) tout-optique. Cette RH utilise des lasers a verrouillage de modes a semi-conducteurs. Ce dispositif 3R a ete insere dans une boucle a recirculation de 100 km et etudie a un debit de 42,7 Gbit/s. L'etude experimentale a montre un facteur d'amelioration de la distance de transmission de 22,5 pour un taux d'erreur binaire de 10−8 et correspondant a une distance de transmission de 18 000 km. Enfin, l'etude d'un dispositif de regeneration tout-optique permettant de traiter un signal dont l'information est portee par la phase (DPSK) est menee. Nous avons etudie l'impact de l'AS quand il est utilise comme limiteur de puissance dans un systeme de transmission DPSK. En effet, l'AS permet de limiter les fluctuations d'intensite et ainsi de se prevenir contre l'accumulation de bruit de phase non-lineaire. Nous avons demontre experimentalement avec une boucle a recirculation de 100 km que ce type de regenerateur permet une amelioration jusqu'a un facteur 1,6 sur la distance de transmission pour un taux d'erreur binaire de 10−4.
Phase compensation technique in a radial divider/combiner structure

The paper presents an efficient technique to compensate for phase dispersion of the elementary power amplifiers in a radial power divider/combiner. A power combiner structure is very sensitive to the phase mismatch between ways which cause degradation of the power combining efficiency. The technique is applied to a 16-way divider/combiner designed for Solid State Power Amplifiers in the K band. The 16-way structure consists of a radial non-resonant cavity connected to 8 peripheral rectangular waveguides with two waveguide-to-microstrip transitions inserted in each peripheral waveguide. Each individual way can be adjusted separately by mechanical sliding of the tray that supports the amplification module. The phase compensation technique was validated with a passive 16-way divider/combiner using trays with different lengths of the microstrip lines to simulate phase mismatch between ways. Finally, a 2-way active module with two combined MMICs has also been tested with 33 dBm output power at 19 GHz.
Identifying Factors Hindering the Adoption of Expanded Polystyrene for Building Construction in Akure, Nigeria

Housing provision has become a global issue as the need for affordable housing kept increasing in various communities especially in Akure, Nigeria. This has emerged due to various economic, socio-cultural and environmental factors which has increased pressure on conventional building materials thereby leading to the invention of alternative building materials. This paper looks at the barriers to the adoption of expanded polystyrene (EPS) for building construction in Akure, Nigeria. The methodology adopted elicited information through structured questionnaire which assessed the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, their level of awareness of EPS and its application in building construction, the rate at which they specify EPS for designs and construction and the hindrances to its adoption for building construction. A total of 60 questionnaires were administered on the architects in practice and in the academia environment but 45 were retrieved. This was the bases to which the conclusion of this research was made. The outcome of the research shows that lack of awareness is a key hindrance to the adoption of EPS for construction as most architects in Akure do not know much about expanded polystyrene, thereby, cannot fully decipher its qualities and/or suitability for construction. As such, most questions pertaining the durability, cost implication or client’s preference could not be answered by the architects since their knowledge on the subject matter is minimal. However, those who knows about EPS confirms its flexibility, quick construction time and its environmental friendliness but stated that EPS is not readily available like other conventional materials. As such, their specification always goes towards the available materials.
Normal Embryonic and Germ Cell Development in Mice Lacking α1,3-Fucosyltransferase IX (Fut9) Which Show Disappearance of Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen 1

ABSTRACT Stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1), an antigenic epitope defined as a Lewis x carbohydrate structure, is expressed during the 8-cell to blastocyst stages in mouse embryos and in primordial germ cells, undifferentiated embryonic stem cells, and embryonic carcinoma cells. For many years, SSEA-1 has been implicated in the development of mouse embryos as a functional carbohydrate epitope in cell-to-cell interaction during morula compaction. In a previous study, α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX (Fut9) exhibited very strong activity for the synthesis of Lewis x compared to other α1,3-fucosyltransferases in an in vitro substrate specificity assay. Fut4 and Fut9 transcripts were expressed in mouse embryos. The Fut9 transcript was detected in embryonic-day-13.5 gonads containing primordial germ cells, but the Fut4 transcript was not. In order to identify the role of SSEA-1 and determine the key enzyme for SSEA-1 synthesis in vivo, we have generated Fut9-deficient (Fut9−/−) mice. Fut9−/− mice develop normally, with no gross phenotypic abnormalities, and are fertile. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an absence of SSEA-1 expression in early embryos and primordial germ cells of Fut9−/− mice. Therefore, we conclude that expression of the SSEA-1 epitope in the developing mouse embryo is not essential for embryogenesis in vivo.
Diversification of the family business in emerging countries from the perspective of socio-emotional wealth. Literature Review

The objective of this paper is to identify the relevant aspects studied in connection to the diversification of the family business that develops its activity in a business environment with unstable characteristics, considering those socio-emotional aspects that are particularly important for the family owner, and that could impact this election. The review reflects that research on the topic is in an incipient state. Studies conducted in the context of Taiwan predominate - where it is customary to establish business groups supported by strong links generated from a dominant family - and the strategic option of diversifying has been strongly associated with the purpose of securing family ownership and continuity in the business through generational transfer, dimensions that make up socio-emotional wealth. This paper contributes to reflect on the influence that family objectives exert on business decision-making and highlights the need for further research on the reasons behind the strategic choices of these organizations in different emerging markets.
Multi-core aware process mapping and its impact on communication overhead of parallel applications

We propose an approach to reduce the execution time of applications with a steady communication pattern on clusters of multi-core processors by leveraging the asymmetry of core communication speeds. In addition to the well known fact that communication link speeds on a fixed cluster vary with processor selection, we consider one effect of multicore processor chips: link speeds vary with core selection within a single processor chip. The approach requires measuring link speeds among cluster cores as well as communication volumes and computational loads of the selected application processes. This data is fed into the Dual Recursive Bipartitioning method to obtain close to optimal application process placement on cluster cores. We apply this approach to a real world application achieving sensible execution time reduction without even recompiling source code.
INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF CAJAL – PACEMAKERS OF THE INTESTINAL MUSCULATURE

The paper reviews the present-day knowledge on the origin, location, morphology, function, and identification of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). ICC include several types of mesenchymal cells, spindle-shaped or stellate, found within the musculature of the gastrointestinal tract. Some types of ICC act as pacemakers of the intestinal musculature, while others are implicated in the modulation of enteric neurotransmission. Current methods for ICC identification rely on a combination of ultrastructural characteristics as defined by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical analyses with antibodies to the Kit receptor. ICC play a crucial role in the regular intestinal activity, which is the reason why changes in these cells may lead to various intestinal disorders.
In vitro Complement-Independent Activation of Human Neutrophils by Hemodialysis Membranes: Role of the Net Electric Charge

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membranes with different net electric charges and percentage water contents (anionic 71%, neutral 70%, cationic 75%) were evaluated for their ability to stimulate plasma-free human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), and compared for potency to cuprophan (Cu), already described as being a potent trigger of PMN. The release of lysozyme, β-glucuronidase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and the generation of a platelet aggregating activity were studied in the supernatants from plasma-free human PMN incubated with different membranes. The PMN intracellular content of neutrophil cationic proteins (NCP), elastase, and cathepsin G were also studied by immunofluorescence using specific antisera on smears of PMN before and after incubation with each membrane. Only cationic, but not anionic or neutral PMMA induced a marked release of lysozyme (range 20-25% of the sonicated control, assumed as 100%), and β-glu-coronidase (40-43%), and marked depletion of the intracellular content of NCP, elastase, and cathepsin G, suggesting a degranulation process. Platelet aggregating activity was generated and referred to the release of platelet activating factor (PAF) only in the supernatants from PMN incubated with cationic, but not with anionic, or neutral PMMA membranes. These results indicate that modification of the net electric charge can per se turn PMMA, commonly recognized as inert, into a material with marked PMN activating effects, comparable to those of Cu, a highly reactive polymer.
THE IMPACT OF CYBER THREATS ON SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES

: Social networks are websites that enable people to communicate with others, express their opinions, and share their thoughts, experiences, and interests. It also contributes to job creation and facilitates the marketing of various products and services. A cyber threat is the malicious attempt to access a computer network through a data communications pathway by illegal means; they can be intended or unintended, direct or indirect, and are usually carried out by hackers, virus code writers, industrial spies, organized crime unions, vengeful employees and spiteful intruders. This paper presents the history of online social networking and classifies their types; it also discusses cyber threats on social networking websites and puts forward a policy and action plan to counter threats to social networks in the future.
ECOGNITION USING P REDICTIVE C LASSIFICATION

In the era of data explosion, speech emotion plays crucial commercial significance. Emotion recognition in speech encompasses a gamut of techniques starting from mechanical recording of audio signal to complex modeling of extracted patterns. Most challenging part of this research purview is to classify the emotion of the speech purely based on the physical characteristics of the audio signal independent of language of speech. This paper focuses on the predictive modeling of audio speech data based on most viable feature set extraction and deployment of these features to predict the emotion of unknown speech data. We have used two most widely used classifiers, a variant of CART and Naïve Bayes, to model the dynamics of interplay of crucial features like Root Mean Square (RMS), Zero Cross Rate (ZCR), Pitch and Brightness of audio signal to determine the emotion of speech. In order to carry out comparative analysis of the proposed classifiers, a set of experiments on real speech data is conducted. Results clearly indicate that decision tree based classifier works well on accuracy whereas Naïve Bayes works fairly well on generality.
Central activation of the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway reduces surgical inflammation in experimental post‐operative ileus

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve reduces intestinal inflammation following mechanical handling, thereby shortening post‐operative ileus in mice. Previous studies in a sepsis model showed that this cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway can be activated pharmacologically by central administration of semapimod, an inhibitor of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase. We therefore evaluated the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) semapimod on intestinal inflammation and post‐operative ileus in mice.
Targeting Weak Antigens to CD64 Elicits Potent Humoral Responses in Human CD64 Transgenic Mice

Previous studies have documented that targeting foreign Ags to IgG FcγR leads to enhanced Ag-specific responses in vitro and in vivo. However, the ability to overcome immunologic nonresponsiveness by targeting poorly immunogenic Ags to FcγR has not been investigated. To address this question in a simple model, we immunized transgenic mice expressing human CD64 (FcγRI) and their nontransgenic littermates with Fab′ derived from the murine anti-human CD64 mAb m22. The m22 Fab′ served as both the targeting molecule and the Ag. We found that only CD64-expressing mice developed anti-Id titers to m22. Furthermore, chemically linked multimers of m22 Fab′, which mediated efficient internalization of the human CD64, were significantly more potent than monomeric m22 F(ab′)2 at inducing anti-Id responses. In all cases, the humoral responses were specific for m22 Id and did not react with other murine IgG1 Fab′ fragments. Chemical addition of a second murine Fab′ (520C9 anti-human HER2/neu) to m22 Fab′ multimers demonstrated that IgG1 and IgG2a anti-Id titers could be generated to 520C9 only in the CD64-expressing mice. These results show that targeting to CD64 can overcome immunological nonresponsiveness to a weak immunogen. Therefore, targeting to CD64 may be an effective method to enhance the activity of nonimmunogenic tumor vaccines.
The Cross-Market Spillover of Economic Shocks Through Multi-Market Banks

This study investigates the mortgage lending of banks operating in multiple U.S. metropolitan areas during the housing market collapse of 2007–09. We show that multimarket banks reduced local portfolio lending in response to high overall mortgage delinquencies in their other markets, consistent with the view that local economic shocks can be transmitted to other regions through banks’ internal capital markets. This spillover was greatest when the bank lacked a branch presence and when the market was highly peripheral to the bank in terms of its total mortgage lending. These effects were not fully offset by securitization or other portfolio lenders.
Criminal Detection Based on Social Network Analysis

Recent years, researchers and public security agencies are trying to solve the crime busting tasks. In this paper, we build several models to provide a probability measurement of being a criminal and show a priority list with a discriminate line separating the conspirators from the innocents. We redirect the problem of crime busting to a combined problem of community detection and information diffusion, and build well-preformed models based on the Social Network Analysis (SNA). The algorithm is tested with the data from ICM 2012. The results show that our models are adaptable to either small or large datasets.
Data and syntax centric anomaly detection for relational databases

Recent studies show that insider attacks that aim at exfiltrating data are very common and that these attacks are performed according to specific patterns. Protecting against such threats requires complementing existing security techniques, such as access control and encryption, with tools able to detect anomalies in data accesses. In this paper, we present a technique specifically tailored for detecting anomalous database accesses. Our technique extracts users’ access patterns based on both the syntax of the input queries and the amount of data in their output results. Our technique is based on mining SQL queries in database audit logs in order to form profiles of the normal users’ access patterns. New queries are checked upon these profiles, and deviations from these profiles are considered anomalous and thus indicative of possible attempts to exfiltrate or misuse the data. Our technique works under two application scenarios. The first is when the database has role‐based access control (RBAC) in place. Under an RBAC system, users belong to roles and privileges are associated with roles rather than individual users. For this scenario, we form profiles of roles which make our approach usable for database management systems (DBMSs) that have a large user population; in this scenario, we apply the naive Bayesian classifier which shows accurate results in practice. We also employ multilabeling classification to enhance accuracy when the access patterns are common to multiple roles. The second application scenario is when the DBMS does not apply RBAC. In this scenario, we apply the COBWEB clustering method. Experimental results indicate that our techniques are very effective. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2016, 6:231–239. doi: 10.1002/widm.1195
Simplifying large-scale communication networks with weights and cycles

A communication network is a complex network designed to transfer information from a source to a destination. One of the most important property in a communication network is the existence of alternative routes between a source and destination node. The robustness and resilience of a network are related to its path diversity (alternative routes). Describing all the components and interactions of a large communication network is not feasible. In this thesis we develop a new method, the deforestation algorithm, to simplify very large networks, and we called the simplified network the skeleton network. The method is general. It conserves the number of alternative paths between all the sources and destinations when doing the simplification and also it takes into consideration the properties of the nodes, and the links (capacity and direction). When simplifying very large networks, the skeleton networks can also be large, so it is desirable to split the skeleton network into different communities. In the thesis we introduce a community-detection method which works fast and efficient for the skeleton networks. Other property that can be easily extracted from the skeleton network is the cycle basis, which can suffice in describing the cycle structure of complex network. We have tested our algorithms on the Autonomous System (AS) level and Internet Protocol address (IPA) level of the Internet. And we also show that deforestation algorithm can be extended to take into consideration of traffic directions and traffic demand matrix when simplifying medium-scale networks. Commonly, the structure of large complex networks is characterised using statistical measures. These measures can give a good description of the network connectivity but they do not provide a practical way to explore the interaction between the dynamical process and network connectivity. The methods presented in this thesis are a first step to address this practical problem.
Automatic detection of alarm sounds in a noisy hospital environment using model and non-model based approaches

In the noisy acoustic environment of a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) there is a variety of alarms, which are frequently triggered by the biomedical equipment. In this paper different approaches for automatic detection of those sound alarms are presented and compared: 1) a non-model-based approach that employs signal processing techniques; 2) a model-based approach based on neural networks; and 3) an approach that combines both non-model and model-based approaches. The performance of the developed detection systems that follow each of those approaches is assessed, analysed and compared both at the frame level and at the event level by using an audio database recorded in a real-world hospital environment.