Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biocomplexity in a highly migratory pelagic marine fish, Atlantic herring

The existence of biologically differentiated populations has been credited with a major role in conferring sustainability and in buffering overall productivity of anadromous fish population complexes where evidence for spatial structure is uncontroversial. Here, we describe evidence of correlated genetic and life history (spawning season linked to spawning location) differentiation in an abundant and highly migratory pelagic fish, Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus, in the North Sea (NS) and adjacent areas. The existence of genetically and phenotypically diverse stocks in this region despite intense seasonal mixing strongly implicates natal homing in this species. Based on information from genetic markers and otolith morphology, we estimate the proportional contribution by NS, Skagerrak (SKG) and Kattegat and western Baltic (WBS) fish to mixed aggregations targeted by the NS fishery. We use these estimates to identify spatial and temporal differences in life history (migratory behaviour) and habitat use among genetically differentiated migratory populations that mix seasonally. Our study suggests the existence of more complex patterns of intraspecific diversity than was previously recognized. Sustainability may be compromised if such complex patterns are reduced through generalized management (e.g. area closures) that overlooks population differences in spatial use throughout the life cycle.
Multi-Source Uncertain Entity Resolution at Yad Vashem: Transforming Holocaust Victim Reports into People

In this work we describe an entity resolution project performed at Yad Vashem, the central repository of Holocaust-era information. The Yad Vashem dataset is unique with respect to classic entity resolution, by virtue of being both massively multi-source and by requiring multi-level entity resolution. With today's abundance of information sources, this project sets an example for multi-source resolution on a big-data scale. We discuss a set of requirements that led us to choose the MFIBlocks entity resolution algorithm in achieving the goals of the application. We also provide a machine learning approach, based upon decision trees to transform soft clusters into ranked clustering of records, representing possible entities. An extensive empirical evaluation demonstrates the unique properties of this dataset, highlighting the shortcomings of current methods and proposing avenues for future research in this realm.
Depression Diagnosis Algorithm Based on R2U-Net Using Facial Images

Depression is a chronic and common disease that not only causes social dysfunction depending on the severity but also accompanies social problems such as suicide. Therefore, it is very important to judge the severity of depression rather than to diagnose it. Physiological studies show that depressed patients and normal people have different facial expressions. Currently, many studies are being conducted to analyze patterns of depression using physiological data. In this work, we propose a method to analyze important depression patterns by combining convolutional neural networks (CNN) and R2U-Net. For models that ensemble CNN and R2U-Net, feedback connections can be used to store information over time through the Recurrent Residual Convolution Neural Network (RCNN), allowing the network to take advantage of more and more neighbor information over time. In addition, CNN blocks and Global Average Pooling (GAP) can be used to extract useful features by including full image information in a small feature map. Through this process, complex patterns of depression can be analyzed. In the future, the video processing method will be improved to increase the performance of the model. In addition, an efficient model will be developed by evenly increasing the number of uneven data according to the severity of depression and reducing the comolexity of the model structure.
Personalised nutrition: the role of new dietary assessment methods

Food records or diaries, dietary recalls and FFQ are methods traditionally used to measure dietary intake; however, advancing technologies and growing awareness in personalised health have heightened interest in the application of new technologies to assess dietary intake. Dietary intake data can be used in epidemiology, dietary interventions and in the delivery of personalised nutrition advice. Compared with traditional dietary assessment methods, new technologies have many advantages, including their ability to automatically process data and provide personalised dietary feedback advice. This review examines the new technologies presently under development for the assessment of dietary intakes, and their utilisation and efficacy for personalising dietary advice. New technology-based methods of dietary assessment can broadly be categorised into three key areas: online (web-based) methods, mobile methods and sensor technologies. Several studies have demonstrated that utilising new technologies to provide tailored advice can result in positive dietary changes and have a significant impact on selected nutrient and food group intakes. However, comparison across studies indicates that the magnitude of change is variable and may be influenced by several factors, including the frequency and type of feedback provided. Future work should establish the most effective combinations of these factors in facilitating dietary changes across different population groups.
A modified labeling theory approach to mental disorders : an empirical assessment

Critics of labeling theory vigorously dispute Scheff's (1966) provocative etiological hypothesis and downplay the importance of factors such as stigma and stereotyping. We propose a modified labeling perspective which claims that even if labeling does not directly produce mental disorder, it can lead to negative outcomes. Our approach asserts that socialization leads individuals to develop a set of beliefs about how most people treat mental patients. When individuals enter treatment, these beliefs take on new meaning. The more patients believe that they will be devalued and discriminated against, the more they feel threatened by interacting with others. They may keep their treatment a secret, try to educate others about their situation, or withdraw from social contacts that they perceive as potentially rejecting. Such strategies can lead to negative consequences for social support networks, jobs, and self-esteem. We test this modified labeling perspective using samples of patients and untreated community residents, and find that both believe that "most people" will reject mental patients. Additionally, patients endorse strategies of secrecy, withdrawal, and education to cope with the threat they perceive. Finally, patients' social support networks are affected by the extent to which they fear rejection and by the coping responses they adopt to deal with their stigmatized status.
Fast voltage drop modeling of power grid with application to silicon interposer analysis

Fast and accurate voltage (IR) drop analysis is essential for integrated circuit (IC) and system design. On-chip power grids are usually made of dense rails. Their electrical model consists of a huge number of lumped circuit elements, and its solution consumes much CPU time. Several numerical methods have been proposed in the open literature to address the above issue. Besides numerical methods, effective resistance approach has also been explored for fast IR drop analysis. However, the effective resistance formula used in the previous works is only applicable to an infinite uniform resistor mesh. Recently we have extended the effective resistance approach by using a new closed-form effective resistance formula. Such an extension warrants that the effective resistance approach for fast IR drop analysis is applicable to finite power grid modeling and the accuracy of the simulation results is improved without sacrificing much of the simulation speed. However, we found through further numerical experiments that the accuracy of the results drops when the effective resistance approach is applied to simulate power grids with multiple voltages sources. The relative error of the simulation results compared to the SPICE simulation can reach as large as 5%. We thus propose to use those results as initial guessing values for the iterative method, so as to reduce the number of iterations and further speeds up the simulation by the iterative method. Several numerical experiments including a power grid designed on through-silicon interposers (TSI) are used to demonstrate the proposed approach.
Object Mining Using a Matching Graph on Very Large Image Collections

Automatic organization of large, unordered image collections is an extremely challenging problem with many potential applications. Often, what is required is that images taken in the same place, of the same thing, or of the same person be conceptually grouped together. This work focuses on grouping images containing the same object, despite significant changes in scale, viewpoint and partial occlusions, in very large (1M+) image collections automatically gathered from Flicker. The scale of the data and the extreme variation in imaging conditions makes the problem very challenging. We describe a scalable method that first computes a matching graph over all the images. Image groups can then be mined from this graph using standard clustering techniques. The novelty we bring is that both the matching graph and the clustering methods are able to use the spatial consistency between the images arising from the common object (if there is one). We demonstrate our methods on a publicly available dataset of 5 K images of Oxford, a 37 K image dataset containing images of the Statue of Liberty, and a much larger 1M image dataset of Rome. This is, to our knowledge, the largest dataset to which image-based data mining has been applied.
High Dynamic Range Monopulse IF Receiver for an Airborne Radar

Monopulse technique is most commonly used to measure the angle of arrival of a target echo in a tracking radar. Such tracking radar is generally equipped with a microwave receiver to faithfully perform this measurement. For improved selectivity, this receiver is generally implemented in a double down-conversion scheme. This paper discusses the design and development of a high-dynamic range 4 channel IF receiver. This receiver is the second stage after the first down-conversion which is a 4 channel microwave receiver. These dual receivers are collectively used in an airborne radar system specific for a tracking application. Three out of four channels are for angle tracking purpose and the leftover channel is an auxiliary channel. The design’s specifications are dictated by system requirements including the volume and weight constraints. Basic configuration of the receiver with its simulation results and measured performance are presented. The impact of gain and phase imbalances of receiver on the d/s curve of the radar is also presented.
From Environmental Trauma to Safe Haven: Place Attachment and Place Remaking in Three Marginalized Neighborhoods of Barcelona, Boston, and Havana

In recent years, local activists in the Global North and South have been organizing to improve degraded and abandoned spaces in marginalized neighborhoods by creating parks, playgrounds, urban farms, or community gardens. This paper integrates existing knowledge on urban place attachment and sense of community with scholarship on environmental justice in order to understand the role of place attachment in environmental mobilization in distressed neighborhoods across political systems and urbanization contexts. It examines the different forms of connections that activists develop and express toward neighborhoods with long–time substandard environmental conditions and how their experience of the neighborhood shapes their engagement in environmental revitalization projects. This comparison of three neighborhoods in Barcelona, Boston, and Havana shows that activists in all three places intend for their environmental endeavors to express grief at the loss of community, fears of erasure, and emotional connection and feelings of responsibility to place. To address environmental trauma, they aim to construct nurturing, soothing, “safe havens,” recreate rootedness, and remake place for residents. De Trauma Ambiental a Refugio Seguro: Apego al Lugar y Transformación Espacial en Tres Barrios Marginales en Barcelona, Boston y La Habana(Isabelle Anguelovski) Resumen En años recientes, activistas locales en el norte y sur globales se han ido organizando para mejorar espacios degradados y abandonados en barrios marginales creando parques, zonas recreativas, granjas urbanas o parques comunales. Este artículo integra el conocimiento existente sobre apego al lugar y sentido de comunidad con trabajo académico sobre justicia ambiental para entender el rol del apego al lugar en la movilización ambiental en barrios con esta problemática a través de sistemas políticos y contextos de urbanización. Se examina las formas distintas de conexión que los activistas desarrollan y expresan hacia barrios con condiciones ambientales desfavorables de larga data y en cómo sus experiencias del barrio moldean su compromiso con proyectos de rehabilitación ambiental. Esta comparación de tres barrios en Barcelona, Boston y La Habana muestra que los activistas en estos tres lugares buscan, a través de sus actividades ambientales, expresar nostalgia por la pérdida de la comunidad. Para enfrentar el trauma ambiental, ellos buscan construir “refugios seguros” educativos y calmantes que buscan recrear el enraizamiento y transformar los lugares para los residentes.
Challenges in coordination: differences in perception of civil and military organizations by comparing international scientific literature and field experiences

The extreme pressure resulting from modern-day disasters in terms of severe shortages of resources, mass casualties, infrastructure breakdown, large-scale damage and their impact necessitate coordination between all the agencies involved in disaster response. Better coordination in international disaster response operations will make them more effective in organizing the different phases of relief, rehabilitation and recovery. Recent disasters such as the hurricane Katrina, the Indian Ocean tsunami and the earthquake in Haiti have seen multiple civil agencies and the military working together. However, challenges have been identified in civil–military coordination. Differences in working procedures and a lack of knowledge on the other’s organizational identities resulted in stereotyping and prejudices, which are root obstacles to coordination. The aim of this study was to identify the perception-related challenges in civil–military coordination, and how they are perceived in the field by civil and military teams, and to investigate whether perception-related challenges and their implications have been reported in the international literature. A systematic literature review and 12 semi-structured interviews were carried out to answer these questions. Nine out of the 12 respondents were practitioners from the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) and the Swedish military, with experience of international disaster response missions that involved civil–military interactions, and 3 were trainees from Karlberg Military Academy, Stockholm, who were expected to participate in similar operations in the near future. The questions asked during the interviews were based on the systematic literature review. National backgrounds, attitudes and perceptions of the professionals towards the other organization were found to be key factors influencing civil–military coordination. This indicates that comparisons between the perceptions of professionals from both civil and military teams with different nationalities and different political histories should be carried out in future research.
Ventilation strategies in obese patients undergoing surgery: a quantitative systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Pathophysiological changes due to obesity may complicate mechanical ventilation during general anaesthesia. The ideal ventilation strategy is expected to optimize gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics and to reduce the risk of respiratory complications. METHODS Systematic search (databases, bibliographies, to March 2012, all languages) was performed for randomized trials testing intraoperative ventilation strategies in obese patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg m(-2)), and reporting on gas exchange, pulmonary mechanics, or pulmonary complications. Meta-analyses were performed when data from at least three studies or 100 patients could be combined. RESULTS Thirteen studies (505 obese surgical patients) reported on a variety of ventilation strategies: pressure- or volume-controlled ventilation (PCV, VCV), various tidal volumes, and different PEEP or recruitment manoeuvres (RM), and combinations thereof. Definitions and reporting of endpoints were inconsistent. In five trials (182 patients), RM added to PEEP compared with PEEP alone improved intraoperative PaO2/FIO2 ratio [weighted mean difference (WMD), 16.2 kPa; 95% confidence interval (CI), 8.0-24.4] and increased respiratory system compliance (WMD, 14 ml cm H(2)O(-1); 95% CI, 8-20). Arterial pressure remained unchanged. In four trials (100 patients) comparing PCV with VCV, there was no difference in PaO2/FIO2 ratio, tidal volume, or arterial pressure. Comparison of further ventilation strategies or combination of other outcomes was not feasible. Data on postoperative complications were seldom reported. CONCLUSIONS The ideal intraoperative ventilation strategy in obese patients remains obscure. There is some evidence that RM added to PEEP compared with PEEP alone improves intraoperative oxygenation and compliance without adverse effects. There is no evidence of any difference between PCV and VCV.
A Database Approach to Content-based XML Retrieval

This paper describes a rst prototype system for content-based retrieval from XML data. The system's design supports both XPath queries and complex information retrieval queries based on a language modelling approach to information retrieval. Evaluation using the INEX benchmark shows that it is beneficial if the system is biased to retrieve large XML fragments over small fragments.
Highly Improved Uniformity in the Resistive Switching Parameters of TiO2 Thin Films by Inserting Ru Nanodots

Limiting the location where electron injection occurs at the cathode interface to a narrower region is the key factor for achieving a highly improved RS performance, which can be achieved by including Ru Nanodots. The development of a memory cell structure truly at the nanoscale with such a limiting factor for the electric-field distribution can solve the non-uniformity issue of future ReRAM.
Stability Analysis of Neutral Stochastic Pantograph System with Time-dependent Switching and its Applications in Neural Networks

This paper investigates the stability of a highly non-linear neutral stochastic pantograph system with time-dependent switching (NSPSTS) and its applications in neural networks. Firstly, the concept of switching density is introduced to describe the switching frequency of the nonlinear switching system. Subsequently, under the novel switching mechanism, by utilizing the Lyapunov function technique and stochastic theory, the existence and uniqueness of the solution of NSPSTS are discussed, and one criterion on pth moment $\psi-$stability is derived. Moreover, the presented findings are applied to neural networks (NNs). At last, an example is presented to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical findings.
On the use of sigmoid functions for multistage detection in asynchronous CDMA systems

We consider the use of sigmoid functions for multistage detection in asynchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. The sigmoid decision function for each stage of multistage detection is derived under the assumption that the residual noise which remains after the multiple-access interference (MAI) cancellation at a stage is Gaussian. It is suggested that the sigmoid function should be adjusted depending on the residual noise power at each stage. In addition, multilevel quantizers that best approximate the sigmoid function are designed. Computer simulation results demonstrate that multistage detectors employing these soft-decision functions perform considerably better than those with hard decision.
Intuitive Robot Control with Data Gloves for Industrial Use Cases

Human-robot interaction is crucial in various industries and domains, such as manufacturing, healthcare, and entertainment. Natural and intuitive interactions between humans and robots are crucial. Legacy controllers were designed for two-dimensional visual display and, therefore, suboptimal for interaction in three-dimensional space. Hand gesture recognition with camera-based systems is often hindered by visual obstruction. We demonstrate a hand gesture system leveraging data gloves with inertial measurement units (IMU). This demonstration focuses on gesture recognition quality, enhancing robustness and responsiveness. Audiences can observe and directly participate using the data glove to maneuver a robotic dog remotely in real-time.
Toward a Parallel Corpus of Spoken Cantonese and Written Chinese

We introduce a parallel corpus of spoken Cantonese and written Chinese. This sentencealigned corpus consists of transcriptions of Cantonese spoken in television programs in Hong Kong, and their corresponding Chinese (Mandarin) subtitles. Preliminary evaluation shows that the corpus reflects known syntactic differences between Cantonese and Mandarin, facilitates quantitative analyses on these differences, and already reveals some phenomena not yet discussed in the literature.
Thyroid hormone levels within reference range are associated with heart rate, cardiac structure, and function in middle-aged men and women.

BACKGROUND Triiodothyronine (T3) has many effects on the heart, and marked changes in cardiac function and structure occur in patients with (subclinical) thyroid disease. We investigated whether between-subject variation in thyroid hormone levels within the euthyroid range is also associated with heart rate and echocardiographic heart function and structure. METHODS Subjects were selected from the Asklepios study (n=2524), a population-representative random sample of patients aged between 35 and 55 years, free from overt cardiovascular disease at baseline. Analyses were restricted to 2078 subjects (1013 women and 1065 men), not using antihypertensive or thyroid medication nor having antithyroperoxidase antibody levels above clinical cut-off or thyrotropin (TSH) levels outside the reference range. All subjects were phenotyped in-depth and underwent comprehensive echocardiography, including diastolic evaluation. Thyroid function parameters were determined by automated electrochemiluminescence. RESULTS Heart rate was robustly positively associated with (quartiles of) free T3 (FT3) and T3, both in subjects with TSH levels within reference (0.27-4.2 μU/L) and in narrow TSH range (0.5-2.5 μU/L; p<0.0001). FT3 and T3 were negatively associated with left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume but positively associated with relative wall thickness. Total T3 (TT3) was associated with enhanced ventricular contraction (as assessed by tissue Doppler imaging). Free thyroxine, FT3, and TT3 were positively associated with late ventricular filling, and TT3 was associated with early ventricular filling. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated a strong positive association between thyroid hormone levels within the euthyroid range and heart rate, and more subtle effects on cardiac function and structure. More specifically, we suggest a smaller LV cavity size (with increased relative wall thickness), an enhanced atrial and ventricular contraction, and LV relaxation with higher circulating thyroid hormones. These results illustrate that variation in thyroid hormone levels, even within the reference range, exerts effects on the heart.