Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENSILING OF POTATO VINES

Potato vines are a potential feed for cattle if the vines can be preserved. The objectives of this study were primarily to study alternative methods to preserve potato vines by ensiling and determine the effects of soil contamination on ensiling. In experiment 1, vines from four potato varieties were harvested individually with a flail chopper set at three heights to vary soil contamination. The chopped vines were ensiled in minisilos alone or amended (3:1, vines to amendment, wet basis) with either chopped alfalfa hay or barley grain. Silos were opened after 90 d for analysis. In experiment 2, vines of one variety were hand-harvested and ensiled fresh or after wilting one day in a greenhouse, alone or in combination with chopped whole plant corn at one of four levels. Silos were opened for analysis after 1, 2, 6, 14 and 90 d ensiling. The vines in both experiments were of high nutritive value with high crude protein contents [194-261 g kg–1 dry matter (DM)] and low neutral detergent fiber contents (286-359 g kg–1 DM). However, ash contents were relatively high even with low soil contamination (220-307 g kg–1 DM) and hand-harvested vines (169 g kg–1 DM). In both experiments, unamended vines were poorly preserved, underwent a secondary fermentation, and were unstable aerobically. Little or no lactic acid was present in these silages, acetic acid was the predominant fermentation product, and butyric acid was detected in some silages. In contrast, all three amendments produced well-preserved silages. Barleyamended silages yielded the lowest pHs (4.06 average); alfalfa-amended silages yielded the highest (4.97 average). In a 5-d aerobic stability test, some barley-amended replicates heated while none of the alfalfa- or corn-amended silages heated. Level of soil contamination had no consistent negative effect on fermentation, but the added soil substantially diluted vine dry matter in the high contamination treatments.
Utilizing Experience Goals in Design of Industrial Systems

The core idea of experience-driven design is to define the intended experience before functionality and technology. This is a radical idea for companies that have built their competences around specific technologies. Although many technology companies are willing to shift their focus towards experience-driven design, reports on real-life cases about the utilization of this design approach are rare. As part of an industry-led research program, we introduced experience-driven design to metal industry companies with experience goals as the key technique. Four design cases in three companies showed that the goals are useful in keeping the focus on user experience, but several challenges are still left for future research to tackle. This exploratory research lays ground for future research by providing initial criteria for assessing experience design tools. The results shed light on utilizing experience goals in industrial design projects and help practitioners in planning and managing the product design process with user experience in mind.
Integrated fabrication of polymeric devices for biological applications

A novel fabrication technique for all-polymeric, microfluidic bio-MEMS devices is presented. This device uses selective electrodeposition of a bio-polymer, chitosan, to successfully create an environment for complex biological experiments within an SU-8 microchannel. The surface energy between SU-8 and PDMS is measured to be 0.047 + 0.018 J/m 2 , allowing for reversible encapsulation of the microfluidic channel. The conducting material, polypyrrole, has a conductivity of 47 + 5 S/cm and is explored as a replacement for metal electrodes in future work. It is the successful integration of these four polymers, however, that enables such versatile devices to be fabricated.
Everest: Scaling Down Peak Loads Through I/O Off-Loading

Bursts in data center workloads are a real problem for storage subsystems. Data volumes can experience peak I/O request rates that are over an order of magnitude higher than average load. This requires significant overprovisioning, and often still results in significant I/O request latency during peaks. In order to address this problem we propose Everest, which allows data written to an overloaded volume to be temporarily off-loaded into a short-term virtual store. Everest creates the short-term store by opportunistically pooling underutilized storage resources either on a server or across servers within the data center. Writes are temporarily off-loaded from overloaded volumes to lightly loaded volumes, thereby reducing the I/O load on the former. Everest is transparent to and usable by unmodified applications, and does not change the persistence or consistency of the storage system. We evaluate Everest using traces from a production Exchange mail server as well as other benchmarks: our results show a 1.4-70 times reduction in mean response times during peaks.
Expression analysis of Baf60c during heart regeneration in axolotls and neonatal mice

Some organisms, such as zebrafish, urodele amphibians, and newborn mice, have a capacity for heart regeneration following injury. However, adult mammals fail to regenerate their hearts. To know why newborn mice can regenerate their hearts, we focused on epigenetic factors, which are involved in cell differentiation in many tissues. Baf60c (BRG1/BRM‐associated factor 60c), a component of ATP‐dependent chromatin‐remodeling complexes, has an essential role for cardiomyocyte differentiation at the early heart development. To address the function of Baf60c in postnatal heart homeostasis and regeneration, we examined the detailed expression/localization patterns of Baf60c in both mice and axolotls. In the mouse heart development, Baf60c was highly expressed in the entire heart at the early stages, but gradually downregulated at the postnatal stages. During heart regeneration in neonatal mice and axolotls, Baf60c expression was strongly upregulated after resection. Interestingly, the timing of Baf60c upregulation after resection was consistent with the temporal dynamics of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Moreover, knockdown of Baf60c downregulated proliferation of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. These data suggested that Baf60c plays an important role in cardiomyocyte proliferation in heart development and regeneration. This is the first study indicating that Baf60c contributes to the heart regeneration in vertebrates.
A time domain system for transient enhancement in recorded music

The set of audio treatment methods commonly used in the mastering process of commercial music tend to increase the loudness perception of the final audio product, obtaining a “fat” sound that can be played with sufficient quality on low level audio devices, such as small radios or computer loudspeaker. The side effect of these audio processes are the loss of transients and dynamic variations, with a resulting “flat” sound. The widely diffused compressed audio formats (mp3, wma) introduce further degradation of the recorded music. In this paper we describe a method for time domain transient enhancement of recorded music, which can be easily implemented with low-cost Digital Signal Processors in stand alone device or included in HW (iPod like) or SW (Winamp like) audio player applications.
Evolution of Elongation Factor‐Like (EFL) Protein in Rhizaria is Revised by Radiolarian EFL Gene Sequences

Elongation factor 1α (EF‐1α) and elongation factor‐like (EFL) proteins are considered to carry out equivalent functions in translation in eukaryotic cells. Elongation factor 1α and EFL genes are patchily distributed in the global eukaryotic tree, suggesting that the evolution of these elongation factors cannot be reconciled without multiple lateral gene transfer and/or ancestral co‐occurrence followed by differential loss of either of the two factors. Our current understanding of the EF‐1α/EFL evolution in the eukaryotic group Rhizaria, composed of Foraminifera, Radiolaria, Filosa, and Endomyxa, remains insufficient, as no information on EF‐1α/EFL gene is available for any members of Radiolaria. In this study, EFL genes were experimentally isolated from four polycystine radiolarians (i.e. Dictyocoryne, Eucyrtidium, Collozoum, and Sphaerozoum), as well as retrieved from publicly accessible expressed sequence tag data of two acantharean radiolarians (i.e. Astrolonche and Phyllostaurus) and the endomyxan Gromia. The EFL homologs from radiolarians, foraminiferans, and Gromia formed a robust clade in both maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses, suggesting that EFL genes were vertically inherited from their common ancestor. We propose an updated model for EF‐1α/EFL evolution in Rhizaria by incorporating new EFL data obtained in this study.
Optimizing epidemic protection for socially essential workers

Public-health policy makers have many tools to mitigate an epidemic's effects. Most related research focuses on the direct effects on those infected (in terms of health, life, or productivity). Interventions including treatment, prophylaxis, quarantine, and social distancing are well studied in this context. These interventions do not address indirect effects due to the loss of critical services and infrastructures when too many of those responsible for their day-to-day operations fall ill. We examine, both analytically and through simulation, the protection of such essential subpopulations by sequestering them, effectively isolating them into groups during an epidemic. We develop a framework for studying the benefits of sequestering and heuristics for when to sequester. We also prove a key property of sequestering placement which helps partition the subpopulations optimally. Thus we provide a first step toward determining how to allocate resources between the direct protection of a population, and protection of those responsible for critical services.
Nonapproximability Results for Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes

We show that for several variations of partially observable Markov decision processes, polynomial-time algorithms for finding control policies are unlikely to or simply don't have guarantees of finding policies within a constant factor or a constant summand of optimal. Here "unlikely" means "unless some complexity classes collapse," where the collapses considered are P = NP, P = PSPACE, or P = EXP. Until or unless these collapses are shown to hold, any control-policy designer must choose between such performance guarantees and efficient computation.
Enhanced c-erbB-2/neu expression in human ovarian cancer cells correlates with more severe malignancy that can be suppressed by E1A.

Amplification or overexpression of c-erbB-2/neu protooncogene, or both, occur frequently in many different types of human cancers and have been shown to correlate with decreased survival in ovarian cancer patients. We have previously found that the ovarian carcinoma cell line SK-OV-3 overexpresses c-erbB-2/neu mRNA. To further study the biological effect of c-erbB-2/neu overexpression in SK-OV-3 cells, we injected such cells i.p. into female nu/nu mice and found that this cell line forms extensive abdominal tumors and ascites. From the ascites in an injected mouse, we established the SKOV3.ip1 cell line and found that it expressed 2-fold more c-erbB-2/neu-encoded p185 proteins than the parental SK-OV-3 cells. When transformation phenotypes of SK-OV-3 and SKOV3.ip1 cells were compared, SKOV3.ip1 cells showed higher cell growth and DNA synthesis rates, formed more colonies in soft agar, produced larger s.c. tumors, and resulted in shorter survival of nu/nu mice after i.p. injection. These data indicate that the level of c-erbB-2/neu overexpression may correlate with the degree of malignancy in these ovarian carcinoma cells. Since we had previously shown that the adenovirus 5 E1A gene product can suppress transformation and metastatic properties induced by mutation-activated rat neu oncogene in mouse embryo fibroblast cells, we further examined whether E1A can abrogate malignancy in c-erbB-2/neu-overexpressing human ovarian cancer cells. We introduced the E1A gene into c-erbB-2/neu-overexpressing SKOV3.ip1 cells and found that the E1A-expressing ovarian cancer cell lines had decreased c-erbB-2/neu-encoded p185 expression and reduced malignancy, including a decreased ability to induce tumors in nu/nu mice. Therefore, we concluded that E1A is a tumor suppressor gene for c-erbB-2/neu-overexpressing human ovarian cancer cells and may be useful in developing therapeutic reagents for these human cancers.
CLASSIFICATION OF GEOPHYSICAL ACOUSTIC WAVEFORMS USING TIME-FREQUENCY ATOMS

Acoustic measurements have long been used in geophysical well logging to infer petrophysical properties or the lithology of subsurface formations [12]. In sonic logging, an acoustic pulse is generated at the transmitter of a measurement tool lowered into a borehole. Then, this pulse propagates through the surrounding formations. Finally, the pressure field is recorded at the receiver located in the upper portion of the same tool (about 9 feet above the transmitter). This process is repeated until the tool is raised to a certain depth. A typical recorded waveform (digital signal), as shown in Figure 1, consists of three types of localized wave components: P wave (a refracted compressional wave), S wave (a refracted shear wave), and the Stoneley wave (a guided surface wave). The P and S waves follow paths that minimize the traveltimes between the transmitter and the receiver. The Stoneley wave, which is guided by the fluid-rock interface, travels more slowly than the P and S waves and is the dominant event at later times in the waveform. Traditionally, velocities of these three wave components (with or without their amplitudes) have been used to infer petrophysical/lithologic properties of the surrounding formations such as porosity, mineralogy, grain contacts, fluid saturation, volume percentages of various rocks such as sandstone, shale, and limestone, etc. See [12], [13] and references therein for the detailed physics behind these relationships. Extracting velocity information of each wave component, however, is not necessarily an easy task. There are two popular approaches for estimating velocities of wave components: one is a semi-automatic tracking of the first zero-crossing of the wave component; the other is based on the semblance and coherency of the wave components which is similar to the localized version of the Radon transform [7]. Both have drawbacks: the former method often requires manual editing since the po0 100 200 300 400 500 -0 . 5 0. 0 0. 5 1. 0
Efficient Use of Memory-Mapped Network Interfaces for Shared Memory Computing

Memory-mapped network interfaces provide users with fast and cheap access to remote memory on clusters of workstations. Software distributed shared memory (DSM) protocols built on top of these networks can take advantage of fast messaging to improve performance. The low latencies and remote memory access capabilities of these networks suggest the need to re-evaluate the assumptions underlying the design of DSM protocols. This paper describes some of the approaches currently being used to support shared memory e ciently on such networks. We discuss other possible design options for DSM systems on a memory-mapped network interface and propose methods by which the interface can best be used to implement coherent shared memory in software.
SWIFTNoC

On-chip communication is widely considered to be one of the major performance bottlenecks in contemporary chip multiprocessors (CMPs). With recent advances in silicon nanophotonics, photonics-based network-on-chip (NoC) architectures are being considered as a viable solution to support communication in future CMPs as they can enable higher bandwidth and lower power dissipation compared to traditional electrical NoCs. In this article, we present SwiftNoC, a novel reconfigurable silicon-photonic NoC architecture that features improved multicast-enabled channel sharing, as well as dynamic re-prioritization and exchange of bandwidth between clusters of cores running multiple applications, to increase channel utilization and system performance. Experimental results show that SwiftNoC improves throughput by up to 25.4× while reducing latency by up to 72.4% and energy-per-bit by up to 95% over state-of-the-art solutions.
Challenge model for Helicobacter pylori infection in human volunteers

Background: A reliable challenge model is needed to evaluate Helicobacter pylori vaccine candidates. Methods: A cag pathogenicity island negative, OipA positive, multiple antibiotic susceptible strain of H pylori obtained from an individual with mild gastritis (Baylor strain 100) was used to challenge volunteers. Volunteers received 40 mg of famotidine at bedtime and 104–1010 cfu of H pylori in beef broth the next morning. Infection was confirmed by 13C urea breath test (13C-UBT), culture, and histology. Eradication therapy was given four or 12 weeks post challenge and eradication was confirmed by at least two separate UBTs, as well as culture and histology. Results: Twenty subjects (nine women and 11 men; aged 23–33 years) received a H pylori challenge. Eighteen (90%) became infected. Mild to moderate dyspeptic symptoms occurred, peaked between days 9 and 12, and resolved. Vomitus from one subject contained >103 viable/ml H pylori. By two weeks post challenge gastric histology showed typical chronic H pylori gastritis with intense acute and chronic inflammation. The density of H pylori (as assessed by cfu/biopsy) was similarly independent of the challenge dose. A minimal infectious dose was not found. Gastric mucosal interleukin 8 levels increased more than 20-fold by two weeks after the challenge. Conclusion: Challenge reliably resulted in H pylori infection. Infection was associated with typical H pylori gastritis with intense polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and interleukin 8 induction in gastric mucosa, despite absence of the cag pathogenicity island. Experimental H pylori infection is one of the viable approaches to evaluate vaccine candidates.
Optimal downlink scheduling schemes for CDMA networks

The problem of allocating radio resources in the downlink of a CDMA network is studied. The modulation and coding schemes, numbers of multicodes, and transmit powers used for all mobile stations (MS's) are jointly chosen so as to maximize the total transmission bit rate, subject to certain constraints. Based on the discrete and nonlinear nature of the proposed model, a mixed-integer nonlinear programming optimization problem is formulated. It is shown that the nonlinear relationship between bit rate and transmit power due to the use of different modulation and coding schemes and the maximum number of multicodes which can be assigned to an MS generally result in an optimal allocation which involves simultaneous transmission to several MS's. In addition, it is shown that the optimal scheduler can yield a significant improvement in throughput by taking the MS traffic loads into account.
Framing Wrongful Convictions

Concern over wrongful convictions has led to an innocence movement that has managed to bridge ideological divides, rouse the public to action, and achieve unprecedented success in reforming the operation of the death penalty. This movement is now at a critical juncture. Exonerations based on DNA evidence are beginning to decline, and the public's attention is beginning to stray. Yet there is an enormous amount of work left to be done. In this short essay, written as part of the symposium Beyond Biology: Wrongful Convictions in a Post-DNA World, I explore the debate over the content of the category wrongful convictions. The definition of persons who should be considered wrongfully convicted is hotly contested by both supporters and opponents of capital punishment. Delineating the category also raises another highly controversial issue: how to characterize the governmental conduct that leads to these miscarriages of justice. I consider whether it remains helpful to organize our thinking about injustice in capital cases around the notion of wrongful convictions. Does framing the problem in this way help or hinder the larger debate about what is wrong with the death penalty and how to fix it? I suggest that though we should learn from the successes of the wrongful convictions movement, we need to look beyond innocence and find ways to evoke outrage at a broader spectrum of injustice. I also explore a conundrum about framing police and prosecutorial misconduct. Although it is sometimes essential to identify and condemn intentional misconduct, the focus on malice and intent can be ineffective and even counterproductive. The challenge is to find ways to communicate concern for more than just the innocent, and to communicate the dangers of systemic governmental misconduct that defies traditional definitions of blameworthiness. As we consider the evolving shape of the death penalty reform effort, we should explore why certain ways of framing injustice have so much power.
How Do Community Ecology and Structure Shape Digital Innovation Strategy?

Pondering whether, when, and how to innovate with digital technologies, managers are navigating a complex and dynamic landscape. To help with this challenging undertaking, we draw on organizational ecology and network theories to conceptualize the organizational communities that support digital innovations. Empirically, we analyzed news articles about Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and its stakeholders and found that organizations' strategy to provide or adopt the CRM technology depended on two ecological processes: (1) legitimation of CRM attracted organizations to enter the CRM community; (2) competition for resources deterred such entries. Further, more efficient structure of the community was linked to higher rate of entry by organizations to provide the CRM technology. This study brings organizational ecology theory from the population/industry level to the higher, community level, contributes a holistic perspective to the repertoire of theories on digital innovations, and demonstrates the potential to advance digital innovation strategy research along multiple dimensions.
Scheduling real-time communication on dual-link networks

The authors develop a general model of reservation-based dual-link networks to support real-time communication. They examine the desirable properties of this network and the difficulties in achieving these properties. They then introduce the concept of coherence and develop a theory of coherent dual-link networks. It is shown that a coherent dual-link network can be analyzed as though it is a centralized system. It is also shown that a coherent dual-link network can be analyzed similarly to an equivalent centralized system in terms of its schedulability for periodic message traffic. <<ETX>>
Student Leader LMX Relationships as Moderated by Constructive-Developmental Theory

ions -Ideality --Inference, Generalization --Hypothesis, Proposition Ideals, Values Concrete Cross-Categorical Trans-Categorical Mutuality/Interpersonalism -Role Consciousness -Mutual Reciprocity Point of View Inner State -Subjectivity, SelfConsciousness Enduring Dispositions Needs, Preferences
Can Habit Formation be Reconciled with Business Cycle Facts

Many asset pricing puzzles can be explained when habit formation is added to standard preferences. We show that utility functions with a habit then gives rise to a puzzle of consumption volatility in place of the asset pricing puzzles when agents can choose consumption and labor optimally in response to more fundamental shocks. We show that the consumption reaction to technology shocks are too small by an order of magnitude when a utility includes a habit. Alternative models with consistent and exogenous but stochastic labor input are considered. A model with persistent technology shocks and stochastic labor is shown to be potentially consistent with substantial consumption variability aswell as procyclical labor input and labor productivity even when a habit is present.