Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scalable peer finding on the Internet

We consider the problem of finding nearby application peers over the Internet. We define a new peer-finding scheme (called Tiers) that scales to large application peer groups. Tiers creates a hierarchy of the peers, which allows an efficient and scalable solution to this problem. The scheme can be implemented entirely in the application-layer and does not require the deployment of either any additional measurement services, or well-known reference landmarks in the network. We present detailed evaluation of Tiers and compare it to one previously proposed scheme called Beaconing. Through analysis and detailed simulations on 10,000 node Internet-like topologies we show that Tiers achieves comparable or better performance with a significant reduction in control overheads for groups of size 32 or more.
Provenance Information in the Web of Data

The openness of the Web and the ease to combine linked data from dierent sources creates new challenges. Systems that consume linked data must evaluate quality and trustworthiness of the data. A common approach for data quality assessment is the analysis of provenance information. For this reason, this paper discusses provenance of data on the Web and proposes a suitable provenance model. While traditional provenance research usually addresses the creation of data, our provenance model also represents data access, a dimension of provenance that is particularly relevant in the context of Web data. Based on our model we identify options to obtain provenance information and we raise open questions concerning the publication of provenance-related metadata for linked data on the Web.
CLASSIFICATION OF WAVELET TRANSFORMED EEG SIGNALS WITH NEURAL NETWORK FOR IMAGINED MENTAL AND MOTOR TASKS

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are devices that enable communication between a computer and humans by using brain activity as input signals. Brain imaging technology used in a BCI system is usually electroencephalography (EEG). In order to properly interpret brain activity, acquired signals from the brain have to be classified correctly. In this paper EEG signals are transformed by means of discrete wavelet transform. Thus the obtained signal features are used as inputs for a neural network classifier that should separate five different sets of EEG signals representing various mental tasks. Mean classification accuracy for the recognition of all five tasks was 90.75% and mean classification accuracy for the recognition of two tasks (baseline and any other mental task) was 99.87%. The same procedure was also used on the motor imagery dataset. A mean classification accuracy of 68.21% suggests alternative methods of feature extraction for motor imagery tasks.
A Distributed Probabilistic Commitment Control Algorithm for Service-Oriented Systems

Application creation through service composition is a cornerstone for several architectures including Service-Oriented Architecture. As the number and diversity of applications created based on this paradigm increase, the need for guaranteeing quality of service becomes more important. In this paper, we present a distributed algorithm for guaranteeing a specified level of application completion probability. The algorithm is designed to control service commitments in both queue-less and queue-enabled service-oriented systems. The algorithm does not assume a specific distribution type for service execution times and application request inter-arrival times, and hence is suitable for systems with stationary or non-stationary request arrivals. We show that the proposed distributed algorithm achieves its performance objectives for both queue-less and queue-enabled service oriented systems.
Reaction Mechanism of N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Lyase Revealed by a Combination of Crystallography, QM/MM Simulation, and Mutagenesis

N-Acetylneuraminic acid lyase (NAL) is a Class I aldolase that catalyzes the reversible condensation of pyruvate with N-acetyl-d-mannosamine (ManNAc) to yield the sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). Aldolases are finding increasing use as biocatalysts for the stereospecific synthesis of complex molecules. Incomplete understanding of the mechanism of catalysis in aldolases, however, can hamper development of new enzyme activities and specificities, including control over newly generated stereocenters. In the case of NAL, it is clear that the enzyme catalyzes a Bi-Uni ordered condensation reaction in which pyruvate binds first to the enzyme to form a catalytically important Schiff base. The identity of the residues required for catalysis of the condensation step and the nature of the transition state for this reaction, however, have been a matter of conjecture. In order to address, this we crystallized a Y137A variant of the E. coli NAL in the presence of Neu5Ac. The three-dimensional structure shows a full length sialic acid bound in the active site of subunits A, B, and D, while in subunit C, discontinuous electron density reveals the positions of enzyme-bound pyruvate and ManNAc. These ‘snapshot’ structures, representative of intermediates in the enzyme catalytic cycle, provided an ideal starting point for QM/MM modeling of the enzymic reaction of carbon–carbon bond formation. This revealed that Tyr137 acts as the proton donor to the aldehyde oxygen of ManNAc during the reaction, the activation barrier is dominated by carbon–carbon bond formation, and proton transfer from Tyr137 is required to obtain a stable Neu5Ac-Lys165 Schiff base complex. The results also suggested that a triad of residues, Tyr137, Ser47, and Tyr110 from a neighboring subunit, are required to correctly position Tyr137 for its function, and this was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. This understanding of the mechanism and geometry of the transition states along the C–C bond-forming pathway will allow further development of these enzymes for stereospecific synthesis of new enzyme products.
Short Time Periods

Earlier papers (Allen and Hayes 1985,1986) described a compact axiomatic theory which provided a formal basis for temporal reasoning. This theory makes a sharp distinction between time points and periods of time. We show here, by considering possible models of the theory, that it can be slightly extended to give a better fit to intuition. In particular, the extended theory is preserved under changes of temporal granularity. TIMEPERIODS AND MEETING The original period theory (Allen 1984, Allen & Hayes 1986) used periods rather than points as its temporal primitive. (The terminology used earlier was 'interval' rather than 'period'. We have changed to avoid confusion with the mathematical use of 'interval'.) The thirteen possible relationships between periods, including for example overlapping, inclusion, and before are defined in terms of MEETS, which we will write as in infix colon, with p:q:r meaning p:q and q:r. The basic axioms of the theory are then as follows: These five axioms are all the assumptions which the theory makes. For a longer discussion of their implications and justification, see (Allen and Hayes 1986). A key intuition is that propositions are true or false during periods, rather than at points of time. This overcomes the problem of the 'divided instant' (Van Bentham 1982). Consider switching on a light, so that the proposition "light on" is first false, then immediately true. If the timeperioda are thought of as sets of points, then only artificial constructions can avoid the dilemma of there being a point at which the light is neither on nor off (or, worse, both on and off). theory as the 'places' where periods meet. In (Allen & Hayes 1986), a set-theoretic construction is given of points from periods, but we can introduce points directly, and it can be shown that the theory obtained is identical. We will use variable names u,v,w,. for points, p,q,r,. for periods, and introduce two functions START and END from periods to points. PI forall p,q. p:q iff end(p)-start(q) P2 forall u exists p. u-end(p) It is possible now to show that points, whatever they are, have all the properties one would directly expect, such as being a totally ordered infinite set with no limits.We could also start with points as the primitive idea and define periods as pairs of points from the totally ordered set. In (Allen and Hayes 1986) we show how the natural construction of periods from points by …
Techniques for data-race detection and fault tolerance: A survey

There are two primary methods for interactions among processes in concurrent software, i.e., shared memory and message passing. Both of these methods require synchronization routines implicitly or explicitly for concurrency control. Explicit synchronization techniques are language independent, while implicit techniques depend on the programming language. Synchronization techniques are prone to various types of faults which may cause the software to fail. Fault tolerance techniques have been effectively employed to tolerate such failures. In this paper, we present a critical analysis of the existing fault tolerance techniques designed to tolerate a particular type of synchronization failure that is caused by data race condition. Previous work shows that synchronization faults occur primarily due to large communication between processes. We provide an overview of techniques used for reducing communication and concurrency control faults. To analyze the existing fault tolerance techniques for synchronization failures, we have identified a set of criteria. The results of our evaluation have been summarized in a table at the end.
Skills in detecting gun carrying from CCTV

Gun crime is an increasingly common occurrence in the UK. An ongoing research programme is investigating the ability of humans to detect whether or not an individual, captured on CCTV, is carrying a firearm. In the present study we argue that observers respond to cues which individuals inherently produce whilst carrying a concealed firearm. These cues might be reflected in the body language of those carrying firearms and might be apprehended by observers at a conscious or subconscious level. Simulated CCTV footage was generated of individuals who acted as surveillance targets and who carried, concealed on their persons, either firearms or matched innocuous objects. Trained CCTV operators and lay people then viewed this footage and were asked to indicate whether or not they thought the surveillance target was carrying a firearm. The size of the influence of carrying a firearm on a surveillance targetpsilas anxiety level was found to be related to the number of times that individual was deemed to be carrying a firearm. However, the surveillance targetpsilas anxiety level was not related to sensitivity in firearm detection. Additionally, a test of body language decoding ability did not show that the body language reading skills of observers were related to ability to detect a concealed firearm. These initial results provide some insight into the potential for using a surveillance targetpsilas body language to determine if they are concealing a weapon and whether or not such an ability can be acquired through surveillance training and experience.
A Self-Directed Method for Cell-Type Identification and Separation of Gene Expression Microarrays

Gene expression analysis is generally performed on heterogeneous tissue samples consisting of multiple cell types. Current methods developed to separate heterogeneous gene expression rely on prior knowledge of the cell-type composition and/or signatures - these are not available in most public datasets. We present a novel method to identify the cell-type composition, signatures and proportions per sample without need for a-priori information. The method was successfully tested on controlled and semi-controlled datasets and performed as accurately as current methods that do require additional information. As such, this method enables the analysis of cell-type specific gene expression using existing large pools of publically available microarray datasets.
Aggregate Diversity Techniques in Recommender Systems

 Abstract — extensively to assist users in making right decisions in this present generation of information overload. Due to continuous exponential increase of online information and data, recommender systems are very much challenged by the issue of discovering the relevant information from this pool. As an effort to address this problem, research has been conducted to improve the recommendation quality of recommender systems. However more focus has been on improving recommendation accuracy while aggregate recommendation quality received less attention. In order to ensure that the recommendations are more useful to users, diversity has to be factored in. This will ensure that users are recommended items that they would have not been able to discover by themselves. This paper reviews some of the techniques employed to ensure aggregate diversity in recommended items.
MODE: a Java-like environment for experimenting mobility policies

The wide acceptance of object oriented environments and proposals has renewed interest in all the class inheritance related issues; in particular its implementation in distributed architectures. The paper focuses on how the inheritance relationship could impact on (possibly heterogeneous) distributed systems that do not assume co-residence of objects and their classes/superclasses. In these systems, the object computation requires either to move/copy the (class) inheritance graph or to move the objects themselves. Several policies are feasible, depending on the decisions about moving/copying the data/code part of objects, and also depending on when these actions should take place. The paper presents MODE, an environment that, other than being very useful in promoting collaborative work, allows one to assess and compare different mobility policies. Java has been adopted as a common underlying language, able to confer portability to all modern and widely used architectures.
A pilot study of activity recognition on rehabilitation exercise of frozen shoulder using wireless inertial sensor node

This study establishes wireless sensor network (WSN) inertial sensor nodes (ISN) that comprise micro control unit, ZigBee-compatible radio frequency chip, tri-axial accelerometer, biaxial gyroscope, single-axial gyroscope, and a planar inverted-F type antenna on a four-layer printable circuit board with size of 40mm × 37mm × 2mm. Two wireless ISNs are attached on arm and wrist for measuring rehabilitation exercise of frozen shoulder. The measured data are sent wirelessly to a base node where a Matlab-based program is developed for retrieving packet, parsing packets, and recognizing motion data based on the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm. Six rehabilitation exercises for frozen shoulder are measured by wearing two nodes on the wrist and the arm. Accelerations in three axes and the derived angle form a 4-tuple vector as the motor feature of employed recognition algorithm. As results, five of six exercises are successfully recognized with 85-90 % of accuracy rates but the complex one (i.e. the spiral rotation exercise) reached only around 60 %. The pilot study approves good feasibility of self-developed WSN ISNs to recognize rehabilitation exercises as well as contribute advanced applications for mobile or ubiquitous health care in the future.
Characterization of Karyopherin Cargoes Reveals Unique Mechanisms of Kap121p-Mediated Nuclear Import

ABSTRACT In yeast there are at least 14 members of the β-karyopherin protein family that govern the movement of a diverse set of cargoes between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Knowledge of the cargoes carried by each karyopherin and insight into the mechanisms of transport are fundamental to understanding constitutive and regulated transport and elucidating how they impact normal cellular functions. Here, we have focused on the identification of nuclear import cargoes for the essential yeast β-karyopherin, Kap121p. Using an overlay blot assay and coimmunopurification studies, we have identified 30 putative Kap121p cargoes. Among these were Nop1p and Sof1p, two essential trans-acting protein factors required at the early stages of ribosome biogenesis. Characterization of the Kap121p-Nop1p and Kap121p-Sof1p interactions demonstrated that, in addition to lysine-rich nuclear localization signals (NLSs), Kap121p recognizes a unique class of signals distinguished by the abundance of arginine and glycine residues and consequently termed rg-NLSs. Kap104p is also known to recognize rg-NLSs, and here we show that it compensates for the loss of Kap121p function. Sof1p is also transported by Kap121p; however, its import can be mediated by a piggyback mechanism with Nop1p bridging the interaction between Sof1p and Kap121p. Together, our data elucidate additional levels of complexity in these nuclear transport pathways.
An Identity-Based Proxy Signature from Bilinear Pairings

Currently, ID-based PKC has attracted much attention and got manyachievements. Proxy signature allows an original signer to delegatehis private key to a proxy signer to sign some message on behalf ofthe original signer. We present a ID-based proxy signature in thispaper. The scheme is relatively efficient as there is no pairingcomputation during the Delegation and PSign phases. It is secureagainst existential forgery under adaptive chosen message andidentity attack under the random oracle model. Its security can bereduced to the hardness of CDHP.
Structure of Cultural Rejection

This study explores the relationship structure of cultural rejection. The proposition is advanced that people reject cultural practices as the proxies of out-groups who are perceived to be associated with them, so that they would maintain social identities that are separate from those of out-groups. Using data on musical preferences from 1993 General Social Survey, it applies blockmodeling—a methodology originally developed in social network analysis—in a new way to analyze the structure of cultural rejection within U.S. society. The results indicate that blockmodeling based on cultural rejection is effective in uncovering sociologically meaningful positions among the respondents. The results are mostly consistent with the omnivore thesis, while highlighting the multifaceted nature of cultural divisions in the United States. Finally, the identified positions correspond with respondents’ perception of the degree of unity (or lack thereof) among Americans, consistent with the theoretical assumption of this study.
Mathematical performance evaluation of mesh Network-on-Chip for VBR flow

Network on chip is an emerging interconnection paradigm to address the scalability of traditional bus architecture. Real-time applications such as multimedia and gaming boxes etc., require stringent performance guarantees, usually enforced by a tight upper bound on the maximum end-to-end delay. Theses applications have bring into play a variable bit rate. So guaranteeing critical time need the capability to analyze communication delays in a network on-chip. In this paper, a Network Calculus-based formal is presented. We use this for analyzing the worst delay of NoC switch with RR scheduling by considering peak behavior of flows. The key idea of our proposed method involves presenting and proving a technical proposition to derive delay bound of NoC switch under the mentioned system model.
Role of miRNAs in Epicardial Adipose Tissue in CAD Patients with T2DM

Background. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is identified as an atypical fat depot surrounding the heart with a putative role in the involvement of metabolic disorders, including obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. We profiled miRNAs in EAT of metabolic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) versus metabolically healthy patients by microarray. Compared to metabolically healthy patients, we identified forty-two miRNAs that are differentially expressed in patients with CAD and T2DM from Xinjiang, China. Eleven miRNAs were selected as potential novel miRNAs according to P value and fold change. Then the potential novel miRNAs targeted genes were predicted via TargetScan, PicTar, and miRTarbase, and the function of the target genes was predicted via Gene Ontology (GO) analysis while the enriched KEGG pathway analyses of the miRNAs targeted genes were performed by bioinformatics software DAVID. Then protein-protein interaction networks of the targeted gene were conducted by online software STRING. Finally, using microarray, bioinformatics approaches revealed the possible molecular mechanisms pathogenesis of CAD and T2DM. A total of 11 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified and among them, hsa-miR-4687-3p drew specific attention. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that insulin signaling pathway is the central way involved in the progression of metabolic disorders. Conclusions. The current findings support the fact that miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in EAT of CAD patients with T2DM, and validation of the results of these miRNAs by independent and prospective study is certainly warranted.
Overview of motion control on bionic eyes

Biology can provide biomimetic components and new control principles for robotics. Developing a robot system equipped with bionic eyes is a difficult but exciting task. Researchers have been studying the control mechanisms of bionic eyes for many years and considerable models are available. In this paper, control model and its implementation on robots for bionic eyes are reviewed, which covers saccade, smooth pursuit, vergence, vestibule-ocular reflex (VOR), optokinetic reflex (OKR) and eye-head coordination. What is more, some problems and possible solutions in the field of bionic eyes are discussed and analyzed. This review paper can be used as a guide for researchers to identify potential research problems and solutions of the bionic eyes' motion control.
Cdk5 Phosphorylation of WAVE2 Regulates Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Migration through Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase Fyn

Myelin formation of the CNS is a complex and dynamic process. Before the onset of myelination, oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin-forming glia of the CNS, proliferate and migrate along axons. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the early myelination processes. Here, we show that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), the crucial physiological ligand in early OL development, controls the migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) through cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). PDGF stimulates Cdk5 activity in a time-dependent manner, whereas suppression of Cdk5 by the specific inhibitor roscovitine or by the retrovirus encoding short-hairpin RNA for Cdk5 impairs PDGF-dependent OPC migration. The activation of Cdk5 by PDGF is mediated by the phosphorylation of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, Fyn, whose inhibition reduces PDGF-dependent OPC migration. Furthermore, Cdk5 regulates PDGF-dependent OPC migration through the direct phosphorylation of WASP (Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein)-family verprolin-homologous protein 2 (WAVE2). Cdk5 phosphorylates WAVE2 at Ser-137 in vitro. Infection of the WAVE2 construct harboring the Ser-137-to-Ala reduces PDGF-dependent migration. Together, PDGF regulates OPC migration through an as-yet-unidentified signaling cascade coupling Fyn kinase to Cdk5 phosphorylation of WAVE2. These results provide new insights into both the role of Cdk5 in glial cells and the molecular mechanisms controlling the early developmental stage of OLs.