Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extreme large‐for‐size syndrome after adult liver transplantation: A model for predicting a potentially lethal complication

We read with great interest the study by Allard et al. Their conclusions are supported scientifically and echo intuition. It is apparent that the morphology of the right upper abdominal cavity differs among individuals within and across sexes. Combining both of these elegantly to develop a measurable score with which to objectively “match” a donor graft to the intended recipient is well appreciated. At our center, a 58-year-old male (A positive; height, 165 cm; weight, 59.8 kg; body mass index, 22 kg/m) received a liver graft from a group-matched deceased female donor. On examining the graft in the operating room, it was felt that the size match would be adequate. However, when the graft was sited in the orthotopic position, it was a “snug fit. ” The explant and reperfusion were uneventful. The biliary and arterial anastomoses were completed, and Doppler ultrasound examination was normal. The operation lasted 710 minutes with a blood loss of 850mL. The abdomen was closed primarily with no increase in airway pressures. Within a few hours, the recipient developed severe allograft dysfunction. A further Doppler ultrasound established significant outflow compromise from the graft, although forward adequate flow was maintained in the portal vein. The arterial spectral waveforms were normal. He was returned back to the operating room at which time pressure necrosis of the posterior sector and segment 8 due to compression between the lower ribcage and the vertebral column was seen (Figs. 1 and 2). The left liver appeared normal (Fig. 1). Opening the abdomen seemed to improve hemodynamic compromise. A composite mesh was sited to close the abdomen. However, there was no improvement in the outflow tract on Doppler ultrasound. The liver graft did not recover, and the patient rapidly succumbed. We did not get an opportunity to relist him for an emergency retransplant. Pediatric liver transplants are associated with the challenges of a large graft, and although temporary silastic mesh closures have been performed in more than 25% of all adult liver transplant procedures in some centers, we did not need to do this in our patient as the decrease in the domain is limited to the right upper quadrant which is all under the right rib cage. After this experience, we began following a policy FIG. 1. The graft liver in the orthotopic position at reoperation.
Comprehensive Generation of Hierarchical Placement Rules for Analog Integrated Circuits

This paper presents a new method to automatically generate hierarchical placement rules, which are crucial for a successful analog placement. The method is based on a novel symmetry computation method, introducing the structural signal flow graph. Five types of proximity, matching and symmetry constraints are determined. According to the priority of the constraint types, a constraint requirement graph and a hierarchical partitioning of the circuit into matching, proximity and symmetry groups is then automatically computed. Based on experimental results with a state-of-the-art placement tool, we show that the new approach generates more placement rules and can lead to better circuit performance and parametric yield according to post-layout simulation.
Photopolymers for Multiphoton Lithography in Biomaterials and Hydrogels

The advent of the polymer industry in the 1950s introduced a vast array of novel materials that have impacted all areas of life [1]. Today, polymers and polymerization reactions are utilized additionally in a range of biomedical applications, including as drug delivery systems [2], tissue engineering scaffolds [3], and as medical devices [4]. These biomedical applications have flourished as the available polymer chemistries and processing techniques have matured, enabling the creation of materials that can be tailored specifically for each use. In particular, advances in synthetic chemistry and photophysics have provided the tools needed to initiate and propagate polymerization reactions with light in a controlled manner [5, 6]. The use of light as the catalyst for polymerization provides the experimenter with an unprecedented level of spatial and temporal control over the reaction. That is, the reaction proceeds only where and when the user desires, allowing for facile production of geometrically defined polymeric materials on demand. Additionally, photopolymerization, which we define generally as the class of reactions that transforms solutions of low molecular weight monomers or prepolymers into high molecular weight species or crosslinked networks upon exposure to visible, ultraviolet (UV), or infrared (IR) light, affords high reaction rates under ambient conditions with relatively low energy input in both non-aqueous and aqueous solutions. To clarify, in this chapter photopolymerization will be used predominantly to describe the photocrosslinking of liquid precursors into solid or viscoelastic materials. Photopolymerization reactions have been leveraged within the biomaterials community to address niche design constraints, such as defined geometries (e.g., bone implants) or post-application sol–gel transition (e.g., in situ curing hydrogels) [7]. Concurrently, multiphoton lithography (MPL) techniques have been applied in photopolymerization, and the necessary tools are becoming more widely available to the biomedical community. In this chapter, we discuss, review, and provide perspective on the intersection between MPL and photopolymerization for biomaterials with a special emphasis
Cyclic Fatigue Crack Growth in PZT Under Mechanical Loading

Crack growth under static and cyclic mechanical loading in lead zirconate titanate was studied using four point bend specimens in poled and unpoled states. Fatigue crack growth occurred at lower stress intensity factors than crack growth observed under static loading. The relation between crack velocity and applied stress intensity factor under static loading was affected by poling and followed a power-law relationship. Crack velocity vs. stress intensity amplitude under cyclic loading followed a Paris power-law relationship and was found to be unaffected by poling. A controlled unloading experiment revealed that the apparent stress intensity factor for crack extension decreased with increased unloading time but was essentially unaffected when the unloading cycle was less than five seconds, hence indicating the absence of an extrinsic fatigue mechanism.
Cold‐water or partial‐body cryotherapy? Comparison of physiological responses and recovery following muscle damage

The aim of this study is to compare (a) the physiological responses following cold‐water immersion (CWI) and partial‐body cryotherapy (PBC) and (b) the effects on recovery following a muscle‐damaging protocol (5 × 20 drop jumps). Nineteen healthy males were randomly allocated into either a CWI (10°C for 10 minutes; n = 9) or a PBC (−60°C for 30 seconds, −135°C for 2 minutes; n = 10) group. The physiological variables (thigh muscle oxygen saturation [SmO2], cutaneous vascular conductance [CVC], mean arterial pressure [MAP], and local skin temperature) were assessed immediately prior and up to 60 minutes post‐treatment (10‐minutes intervals). The recovery variables (thigh muscle swelling, maximum voluntary contraction [MVC] of the right knee extensors, vertical jump performance [VJP], and delayed onset of muscle soreness [DOMS]) were measured immediately prior and up to 72 hours post‐treatment (24‐hours intervals). Compared to PBC values, CVC (at 30 minutes), SmO2 (at 40 minutes), and lower extremity skin temperature (thigh/shin at 60 minutes) were significantly reduced in the CWI group after the treatment (all P < .05). Only lower extremity skin temperature was significantly reduced in the PBC group directly post‐treatment (all P < .05). MAP significantly increased in both groups after the treatments (both P < .05). DOMS did not differ between groups. MVC and VJP returned to baseline in both groups after 24 hours (P > .05). CWI had a greater impact on the physiological response compared to PBC. However, both treatments resulted in similar recovery profiles during a 72‐hours follow‐up period.
In vivo evaluation of &bgr;‐CS/n‐HA with different physical properties as a new bone graft material

BACKGROUND Natural polymer composite materials are becoming increasingly important as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Composite materials based on combinations of biodegradable polymers and bioactive ceramics, including CTS and Hap. PURPOSE β-Chitosan/n-HA composite with different percentages was prepared. Some of the physical and mechanical properties were examined by using (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope). Histological evaluation of in vivo implantation of β-Chitosan/n-HA composite as bone graft material was done. MATERIAL AND METHODS β-type chitosan was obtained through a modified procedure from squid pens (Loligo vulgaris). It was used in combination with different proportions of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA), to develop new series of β-CS/n-HA nanocomposites. Sample were obtained in a powder form with the ratio of 30 CH to 70% nHA. The product was implanted in the femoral condyle of the animals (adult rabbits). RESULTS Compact strength was 13.05 MPa for the weight ratio of 30/70. Histological examinations showed that the implant not only biological compatible but also its presence promotes and accelerate bone growth. CONCLUSIONS The composite β-CS/HPa (30/70) as biodegradable bone substitute that not only enhance bone generation but also accelerate the formation of Haversian system. We used the composite in a powder form and examined its suitability as artificial bone graft; yet the mechanical properties have shown that 30/70 ratio of β-CS/HPa offer suitable mechanical strength to be employed as a solid-shaped implants.
Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing for Back-side Defects Using a Tunnel Magnetoresistive Device

Magnetic non-destructive testing is limited to surface inspection, however demand for the detection of deep defects is increasing. Therefore, we developed a magnetic flux leakage (MFL) system using a tunnel magnetoresistive (TMR) device that has high sensitivity and wide frequency range in order to detect deep defects. Using the developed system, back-side pits of steel plates having different depth and diameter were measured and 2D images were created. Moreover, we analyzed the detected vector signal with optimized phase data. As a result, the developed MFL system can detect a defect that has a wall thinning rate of more than 56 % of 8.6 mm thick steel plates. Furthermore, the defect’s diameter size was estimated by spatial signal change. Keywords-MFL; magnetic imaging; TMR device; LowFreaquency field; back-side pit.
An application of IEEE 802.11ac to Smart Grid automation based on IEC 61850

Smart Grids deployment is growing around the world. The expansion of the existing Smart Grid network infrastructure in order to connect new electrical substations (or end-users) may be impaired by difficult cable deployment. For this reason, recently, wireless communication links have also been used. This paper deals with the deployment, and the first characterization, of an IEEE 802.11ac connection between IEC 61850 electrical automation devices. Some configurations of IEEE 802.11ac have been tested and compared with usual cable connection. The use of GPS based instrumentation combined with IEEE 1588 clock synchronization allows reducing measurement uncertainty and producing meaningful results. For instance, the IEC 61850 Transfer Time between GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) publisher and subscriber over an IEEE 802.11ac wireless link, loaded with 80Mbit/s of traffic, has an average value of 5.4 ms and a maximum value of 10 ms.
Squamous cell carcinomas escape immune surveillance via inducing chronic activation and exhaustion of CD8+ T Cells co-expressing PD-1 and LAG-3 inhibitory receptors

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second commonest type of skin cancer. Moreover, about 90% of head and neck cancers are SCCs. SCCs develop at a significantly higher rate under chronic immunosuppressive conditions, implicating a role of immune surveillance in controlling SCCs. It remains largely unknown how SCCs evade immune recognition. Here, we established a mouse model by injecting tumor cells derived from primary SCCs harboring KrasG12D mutation and Smad4 deletion into wild-type (wt) or CD8−/− recipients. We found comparable tumor growth between wt and CD8−/− recipients, indicating a complete escape of CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses by these SCCs. Mechanistically, CD8+ T cells apparently were not defective in infiltrating tumors given their relatively increased percentage among tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). CD8+ TILs exhibited phenotypes of chronic activation and exhaustion, including overexpression of activation markers, co-expression of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), as well as TCRβ downregulation. Among CD4+ TILs, T regulatory cells (Tregs) were preferentially expanded. Contradictory to prior findings in melanoma, Treg expansion was independent of CD8+ T cells in our SCC model. Unexpectedly, CD8+ T cells were required for promoting NK cell infiltration within SCCs. Furthermore, we uncovered AKT-dependent lymphocyte-induced PD-L1 upregulation on SCCs, which was contributed greatly by combinatorial effects of CD8+ T and NK cells. Lastly, dual blockade of PD-1 and LAG-3 inhibited the tumor growth of SCCs. Thus, our findings identify novel immune evasion mechanisms of SCCs and suggest that immunosuppressive mechanisms operate in a cancer-type specific and context-dependent manner.
Impact of tide‐topography interactions on basal melting of Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica

[1] Basal melting of ice shelves around Antarctica contributes to formation of Antarctic Bottom Water and can affect global sea level by altering the offshore flow of grounded ice streams and glaciers. Tides influence ice shelf basal melt rate (wb) by contributing to ocean mixing and mean circulation as well as thermohaline exchanges with the ice shelf. We use a three-dimensional ocean model, thermodynamically coupled to a nonevolving ice shelf, to investigate the relationship between topography, tides, andwb for Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS) in the northwestern Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Using our best estimates of ice shelf thickness and seabed topography, we find that the largest modeled LCIS melt rates occur in the northeast, where our model predicts strong diurnal tidal currents (∼0.4 m s−1). This distribution is significantly different from models with no tidal forcing, which predict largest melt rates along the deep grounding lines. We compare several model runs to explore melt rate sensitivity to geometry, initial ocean potential temperature (θ0), thermodynamic parameterizations of heat and freshwater ice-ocean exchange, and tidal forcing. The resulting range of LCIS-averagedwb is ∼0.11–0.44 m a−1. The spatial distribution of wb is very sensitive to model geometry and thermodynamic parameterization while the overall magnitude of wb is influenced by θ0. These sensitivities in wbpredictions reinforce a need for high-resolution maps of ice draft and sub-ice-shelf seabed topography together with ocean temperature measurements at the ice shelf front to improve representation of ice shelves in coupled climate system models.
Variable locus length in the human genome leads to ascertainment bias in functional inference for non-coding elements

Motivation: Several functional gene annotation databases have been developed in the recent years, and are widely used to infer the biological function of gene sets, by scrutinizing the attributes that appear over- and underrepresented. However, this strategy is not directly applicable to the study of non-coding DNA, as the non-coding sequence span varies greatly among different gene loci in the human genome and longer loci have a higher likelihood of being selected purely by chance. Therefore, conclusions involving the function of non-coding elements that are drawn based on the annotation of neighboring genes are often biased. We assessed the systematic bias in several particular Gene Ontology (GO) categories using the standard hypergeometric test, by randomly sampling non-coding elements from the human genome and inferring their function based on the functional annotation of the closest genes. While no category is expected to occur significantly over- or underrepresented for a random selection of elements, categories such as ‘cell adhesion’, ‘nervous system development’ and ‘transcription factor activities’ appeared to be systematically overrepresented, while others such as ‘olfactory receptor activity’—underrepresented. Results: Our results suggest that functional inference for non-coding elements using gene annotation databases requires a special correction. We introduce a set of correction coefficients for the probabilities of the GO categories that accounts for the variability in the length of the non-coding DNA across different loci and effectively eliminates the ascertainment bias from the functional characterization of non-coding elements. Our approach can be easily generalized to any other gene annotation database. Contact: ovcharei@ncbi.nlm. nih.gov Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Online.
Refining and spheroidizing of primary phase in high Cr cast iron during inclined plate cooling

The refining and spheroidizing mechanism of primary phase in semi-solid slurry of high Cr cast iron during the course of inclined plate cooling was studied.The results show that the primary phase nucleating and growing rapidly in the molten metal is separated or split and ripened to fining and spheroidizing particles under a series of physical and metallurgical processes.The refinement and spheroidization of primary austenite grains are accomplished by melting off of dendritic arms and bending off of trunk stems from the dendritic primary austenite grains.Mechanism of melting off of dendritic arms operates dominantly at the early stage during the inclined plate cooling,but bending off of trunk stems prevails at the late stage.The refinement and spheroidization of primary M_7C_3 carbides are accomplished by cross breaking off and splitting off from the coarse carbide bars.Mechanism of cross breaking off operates dominantly at the early stage and the mechanism of splitting off prevails at the late stage for the high Cr cast iron during the inclined plate cooling.
A novel, fast and efficient single-sensor automatic sleep-stage classification based on complementary cross-frequency coupling estimates

Objective Limitations of the manual scoring of polysomnograms, which include data from electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyogram (EMG) channels, have long been recognised. Manual staging is resource-intensive and time-consuming and considerable efforts have to be spent to ensure inter-rater reliability. There is thus great interest in techniques based on signal processing and machine learning for a completely Automatic Sleep Stage Classification (ASSC). Methods In this paper, we present a single EEG-sensor ASSC technique based on dynamic reconfiguration of different aspects of cross-frequency coupling (CFC) estimated between predefined frequency pairs over 5s epoch lengths. The proposed analytic scheme is demonstrated using the PhysioNet Sleep European Data Format (EDF) Database using 20 healthy young adults with repeat recordings. Results We achieved very high classification sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 96.2 ± 2.2%, 94.2 ± 2.3%, and 94.4 ± 2.2% across 20 folds, respectively and high mean F1-score (92%, range 90–94%) when multi-class Bayes Naive classifier was applied. Conclusions Our method outperformed the accuracy of previous studies on different datasets but also on the same database. Significance Single-sensor ASSC makes the whole methodology appropriate for longitudinal monitoring using wearable EEG in real world and lab-oriented environments.
A Stream-based Resource for Multi-Dimensional Evaluation of Recommender Algorithms

Recommender System research has evolved to focus on developing algorithms capable of high performance in online systems. This development calls for a new evaluation infrastructure that supports multi-dimensional evaluation of recommender systems. Today's researchers should analyze algorithms with respect to a variety of aspects including predictive performance and scalability. Researchers need to subject algorithms to realistic conditions in online A/B tests. We introduce two resources supporting such evaluation methodologies: the new data set of stream recommendation interactions released for CLEF NewsREEL 2017, and the new Open Recommendation Platform (ORP). The data set allows researchers to study a stream recommendation problem closely by "replaying" it locally, and ORP makes it possible to take this evaluation "live" in a living lab scenario. Specifically, ORP allows researchers to deploy their algorithms in a live stream to carry out A/B tests. To our knowledge, NewsREEL is the first online news recommender system resource to be put at the disposal of the research community. In order to encourage others to develop comparable resources for a wide range of domains, we present a list of practical lessons learned in the development of the dataset and ORP.
The Design and Development of an Omni-Directional Mobile Robot Oriented to an Intelligent Manufacturing System

In order to transport materials flexibly and smoothly in a tight plant environment, an omni-directional mobile robot based on four Mecanum wheels was designed. The mechanical system of the mobile robot is made up of three separable layers so as to simplify its combination and reorganization. Each modularized wheel was installed on a vertical suspension mechanism, which ensures the moving stability and keeps the distances of four wheels invariable. The control system consists of two-level controllers that implement motion control and multi-sensor data processing, respectively. In order to make the mobile robot navigate in an unknown semi-structured indoor environment, the data from a Kinect visual sensor and four wheel encoders were fused to localize the mobile robot using an extended Kalman filter with specific processing. Finally, the mobile robot was integrated in an intelligent manufacturing system for material conveying. Experimental results show that the omni-directional mobile robot can move stably and autonomously in an indoor environment and in industrial fields.