Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiresolution reflectance filtering

Physically-based reflectance models typically represent light scattering as a function of surface geometry at the pixel level. With changes in viewing resolution, the geometry imaged within a pixel can undergo significant variations that result in changing reflectance characteristics. To address these transformations, we present a multiresolution reflectance framework based on microfacet normal distributions within a pixel over different scales. Since these distributions must be efficiently determined with respect to resolution, they are recorded at multiple resolution levels in mipmaps. The main contribution of this work is a real-time mipmap filtering technique for these distribution-based parameters that not only provides smooth reflectance transitions in scale, but also minimizes aliasing. With this multiresolution reflectance technique, our system can rapidly and accurately incorporate fine reflectance detail that is customarily disregarded in multiresolution rendering methods.
Compressibility of fifteen minerals to 45 kilobars

We report here new measurements, by static methods, of the compressibility of 15 minerals to 45 kb. Data have been reported by P. W. Bridgman on a number of these minerals, but data on nine of them are reported here for the first time. Abnormally high compressibility, presumably owing to voids in the minerals, was found at low pressures. It is difficult to make corrections for this effect; therefore the accuracy of the data is not high.
Parallel View-Dependent Level-of-Detail Control

We present a scheme for view-dependent level-of-detail control that is implemented entirely on programmable graphics hardware. Our scheme selectively refines and coarsens an arbitrary triangle mesh at the granularity of individual vertices to create meshes that are highly adapted to dynamic view parameters. Such fine-grain control has previously been demonstrated using sequential CPU algorithms. However, these algorithms involve pointer-based structures with intricate dependencies that cannot be handled efficiently within the restricted framework of GPU parallelism. We show that by introducing new data structures and dependency rules, one can realize fine-grain progressive mesh updates as a sequence of parallel streaming passes over the mesh elements. A major design challenge is that the GPU processes stream elements in isolation. The mesh update algorithm has time complexity proportional to the selectively refined mesh, and moreover, can be amortized across several frames. The result is a single standard index buffer that can be used directly for rendering. The static data structure is remarkably compact, requiring only 57 percent more memory than an indexed triangle list. We demonstrate real-time exploration of complex models with normals and textures, as well as shadowing and semitransparent surface rendering applications that make direct use of the resulting dynamic index buffer.
Deepwater source variations during the last climatic cycle and their impact on the global deepwater circulation

The degree of similarity of the ∂13C records of the planktonic foraminiferal species N. pachyderma and of the benthic foraminiferal genus Cibicides in the high-latitude basins of the world ocean is used as an indicator of the presence of deepwater sources during the last climatic cycle. Whereas continuous formation of deep water is recognized in the southern ocean, the Norwegian Sea stopped acting as a sink for surface water during isotope stage 4 and the remainder of the last glaciation. However, deep water formed in the north Atlantic south of the Norwegian Sea during the last climatic cycle as early as isotope substage 5d, and this area was also the only active northern source during stages 4–2. A detailed reconstruction of the geographic distribution of ∂13C in benthic foraminifera in the Atlantic Ocean during the last glacial maximum shows that the most important deepwater mass originated from the southern ocean, whereas the Glacial North Atlantic Deep Water cannot be traced south of 40°N. At shallower depth an oxygenated 13C rich Intermediate Water mass extended from 45°N to 15°S. In the Pacific Ocean a ventilation higher than the modern one was also found in open ocean in the depth range 700–2600 m and is best explained by stronger formation of Intermediate Water in high northern latitudes.
Analysis of the Gene Expression Profile Activated by the CC Chemokine Ligand 5/RANTES and by Lipopolysaccharide in Human Monocytes1

The gene expression profile induced by the CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 5/RANTES in human monocytes was examined using the oligonucleotide array technology. Of 5600 transcripts examined, 42 were consistently induced by CCL5, and none were suppressed. Chemokine-inducible transcripts could be clustered in functional groups, including selected cytokines and receptors (e.g., IL-1β, CCL2/monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and the CCL5 receptor CCR1) and molecules involved in extracellular matrix recognition and digestion (e.g., CD44 splice transcripts, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-9 , and MMP-19). Transcript expression, confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis for selected genes, was associated with protein induction for some (e.g., CCL2), but not all (e.g., IL-1β), transcripts examined. The chemokine-induced gene profile was distinct from that activated by LPS, a prototypic phagocyte activator. Although certain transcripts were stimulated by both agonists (e.g., IL-1β and CCL2), others were induced only by either LPS (e.g., TNF-α and IL-6) or CCL5 (e.g., MMP-19) or were divergently regulated (e.g., CCR1). Thus, CCL5, a prototypic CC inflammatory chemokine, activates a restricted transcriptional program in monocytes distinct from that induced by the prototypic pathogen-derived proinflammatory stimulant LPS. Chemokine-induced chemokines production could represent a novel amplification loop of leukocyte recruitment, while a subset of chemokine-inducible transcripts could be involved in monocyte extravasation and tissue invasion.
Metagenomes and metatranscriptomes from the L4 long-term coastal monitoring station in the Western English Channel

Both metagenomic data and metatranscriptomic data were collected from surface water (0–2m) of the L4 sampling station (50.2518 N, 4.2089 W), which is part of the Western Channel Observatory long-term coastal-marine monitoring station. We previously generated from this area a six-year time series of 16S rRNA V6 data, which demonstrated robust seasonal structure for the bacterial community, with diversity correlated with day length. Here we describe the features of these metagenomes and metatranscriptomes. We generated 8 metagenomes (4.5 million sequences, 1.9 Gbp, average read-length 350 bp) and 7 metatranscriptomes (392,632 putative mRNA-derived sequences, 159 Mbp, average read-length 272 bp) for eight time-points sampled in 2008. These time points represent three seasons (winter, spring, and summer) and include both day and night samples. These data demonstrate the major differences between genetic potential and actuality, whereby genomes follow general seasonal trends yet with surprisingly little change in the functional potential over time; transcripts tended to be far more structured by changes occurring between day and night.
RecA Protein Plays a Role in the Chemotactic Response and Chemoreceptor Clustering of Salmonella enterica

The RecA protein is the main bacterial recombinase and the activator of the SOS system. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium, RecA is also essential for swarming, a flagellar-driven surface translocation mechanism widespread among bacteria. In this work, the direct interaction between RecA and the CheW coupling protein was confirmed, and the motility and chemotactic phenotype of a S. Typhimurium ΔrecA mutant was characterized through microfluidics, optical trapping, and quantitative capillary assays. The results demonstrate the tight association of RecA with the chemotaxis pathway and also its involvement in polar chemoreceptor cluster formation. RecA is therefore necessary for standard flagellar rotation switching, implying its essential role not only in swarming motility but also in the normal chemotactic response of S. Typhimurium.
High waters at Liverpool since 1768: the UK's longest sea level record

An exercise of ‘data archaeology’ of high water tidal information from Liverpool, NW England has resulted in the construction of a time series of ‘Adjusted Mean High Water’ spanning 1768 to the present which can be employed as a record of proxy Mean Sea Level (MSL). The time series, although gappy, is arguably the second oldest sea level‐related record in the world, after Amsterdam's (1682, although the data we hold are from 1700 only) and of comparable age to Stockholm's (1774). It describes a secular trend for the period up to 1880 of 0.39+/−0.17 mm/year, a trend for the twentieth century of 1.22plus;/−0.25 mm/year, and an overall low frequency acceleration of 0.33+/−0.10 mm/year/century. When considered alongside geological sea level information from the area, the evidence suggests that the greater secular trend of sea level in the twentieth century, compared to long term projections derived from geological information, is primarily the result of an acceleration towards the second half of the last century, consistent with conclusions inferred from previous analyses of the very small number of other long European MSL records.
Stylizing Silhouettes at Interactive Rates:   From Silhouette Edges to Silhouette Strokes

A way to create effective stylized line drawings is to draw strokes that start and stop at visible portions along the silhouette of an object to be portrayed. In computer graphics to date, algorithms to extract silhouette edges are many, although putting these edges into a form such that stylized strokes may be applied to them has not been greatly covered, so that existing methods are either time‐consuming or presented vaguely. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm that takes a set of silhouette edges originating from polygonal meshes and efficiently computes the visible parts of the edges before connecting them to form long smooth silhouette strokes to which stylization algorithms may be effectively applied. Features of our algorithm that gain efficiency and accuracy over existing methods is that we directly exploit the analytic connectivity information of the mesh in combination with the available z‐buffer information during rendering, and filter artifacts in connected edges during the process to improve the visual quality of strokes after stylization.
Crystal structure of triaqua(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)(2,4,5-trifluoro-3-methoxybenzoato-κO 1)cobalt(II) 2,4,5-trifluoro-3-methoxybenzoate

The title salt, [Co(C8H4F3O3)(C12H8N2)(H2O)3](C8H4F3O3), was obtained under solvothermal conditions by the reaction of 2,4,5-trifluoro-3-methoxybenzoic acid with CoCl2 in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen). The CoII ion is octahedrally coordinated by two N atoms [Co—N = 2.165 (2) and 2.129 (2) Å] from the phen ligand, by one carboxylate O atom [Co—O = 2.107 (1) Å] and by three O atoms from water molecules [Co—O = 2.093 (1), 2.102 (1) and 2.114 (1) Å]. The equatorial positions of the slightly distorted octahedron are occupied by the N atoms, the carboxylate O and one water O atom. An intra- and intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding network between the water-containing complex cation and the organic anion leads to the formation of ribbons parallel to [010].
THE FUNCTIONS OF RETAIL AND SERVICE ESTABLISHMENTS ON COMMERCIAL RIBBONS

THIS IS A STUDY OF THE ORIGINS, THE INTERMEDIATE DESTINATIONS, THE ROUTING AND THE SHOPPING DESTINATIONS OF SHOPPING TRIPS TO SELECTED BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS ON THREE COMMERCIAL STREETS IN CALGARY, ALBERTA. THE DATA WAS OBTAINED IN 1963 BY INTERVIEWING A SAMPLE OF THE CUSTOMERS AT EACH OF THE SELECTED ESTABLISHMENTS. /CGRA/
Permutation Search Methods are Efficient, Yet Faster Search is Possible

We survey permutation-based methods for approximate k-nearest neighbor search. In these methods, every data point is represented by a ranked list of pivots sorted by the distance to this point. Such ranked lists are called permutations. The underpinning assumption is that, for both metric and non-metric spaces, the distance between permutations is a good proxy for the distance between original points. Thus, it should be possible to efficiently retrieve most true nearest neighbors by examining only a tiny subset of data points whose permutations are similar to the permutation of a query. We further test this assumption by carrying out an extensive experimental evaluation where permutation methods are pitted against state-of-the art benchmarks (the multi-probe LSH, the VP-tree, and proximity-graph based retrieval) on a variety of realistically large data set from the image and textual domain. The focus is on the high-accuracy retrieval methods for generic spaces. Additionally, we assume that both data and indices are stored in main memory. We find permutation methods to be reasonably efficient and describe a setup where these methods are most useful. To ease reproducibility, we make our software and data sets publicly available.
Atmospheric dust under glacial and interglacial conditions

The uplift, transport and deposition of dust have been implemented in the LMDz AGCM. Simulations of atmospheric dust transport have been performed under present day (PD) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) conditions. For the PD climate the large‐scale atmospheric dust transport as inferred from atmospheric measurements is reproduced. Increased dust amounts are simulated almost everywhere for the LGM climate, and the concentration of dust in Antarctic ice is increased as inferred from ice cores. The model simulates substantially increased dust concentrations in Greenland ice, however they are still lower than values reported from ice cores.
Effects of Tropical Cyclones on Ocean Heat Transport in a High-Resolution Coupled General Circulation Model

AbstractIn this paper the interplay between tropical cyclones (TCs) and the Northern Hemispheric ocean heat transport (OHT) is investigated. In particular, results from a numerical simulation of the twentieth-century and twenty-first-century climates, following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) twentieth-century run (20C3M) and A1B scenario protocols, respectively, have been analyzed. The numerical simulations have been performed using a state-of-the-art global atmosphere–ocean–sea ice coupled general circulation model (CGCM) with relatively high-resolution (T159) in the atmosphere. The CGCM skill in reproducing a realistic TC climatology has been assessed by comparing the model results from the simulation of the twentieth century with available observations. The model simulates tropical cyclone–like vortices with many features similar to the observed TCs. Specifically, the simulated TCs exhibit realistic structure, geographical distribution, and interannual variability, indicating that.
SentiWS - A Publicly Available German-language Resource for Sentiment Analysis

SentimentWortschatz, or SentiWS for short, is a publicly available German-language resource for sentiment analysis, opinion mining etc. It lists positive and negative sentiment bearing words weighted within the interval of [-1; 1] plus their part of speech tag, and if applicable, their inflections. The current version of SentiWS (v1.8b) contains 1,650 negative and 1,818 positive words, which sum up to 16,406 positive and 16,328 negative word forms, respectively. It not only contains adjectives and adverbs explicitly expressing a sentiment, but also nouns and verbs implicitly containing one. The present work describes the resources structure, the three sources utilised to assemble it and the semi-supervised method incorporated to weight the strength of its entries. Furthermore the resources contents are extensively evaluated using a German-language evaluation set we constructed. The evaluation set is verified being reliable and its shown that SentiWS provides a beneficial lexical resource for German-language sentiment analysis related tasks to build on.
Insect-Specific Virus Discovery: Significance for the Arbovirus Community

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), especially those transmitted by mosquitoes, are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals worldwide. Recent discoveries indicate that mosquitoes are naturally infected with a wide range of other viruses, many within taxa occupied by arboviruses that are considered insect-specific. Over the past ten years there has been a dramatic increase in the literature describing novel insect-specific virus detection in mosquitoes, which has provided new insights about viral diversity and evolution, including that of arboviruses. It has also raised questions about what effects the mosquito virome has on arbovirus transmission. Additionally, the discovery of these new viruses has generated interest in their potential use as biological control agents as well as novel vaccine platforms. The arbovirus community will benefit from the growing database of knowledge concerning these newly described viral endosymbionts, as their impacts will likely be far reaching.
The Influence of Living Near Roadways on Spirometry and Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Elementary Schoolchildren

Background Living near major roadways has been associated with an increase in respiratory symptoms, but little is known about how this relates to airway inflammation. Objective We assessed the effects of living near local residential roadways based on objective indicators of ventilatory function and airway inflammation. Methods We estimated ambient air pollution, resolved to the level of the child’s neighborhood, using a land-use regression model for children 9–11 years of age. We also summed the length of roadways found within a 200-m radius of each child’s neighborhood. We had measurements of both air pollution exposure and spirometry for 2,328 children, and also had measurements of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) for 1,613 of these children. Results Each kilometer of local roadway within a 200-m radius of the home was associated with a 6.8% increase in eNO (p = 0.045). Each kilometer of any type of roadway (local, major, highway) was also associated with an increase in eNO of 10.1% (p = 0.002). Each microgram per cubic meter increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 3.9% increase in eNO (p = 0.058) and 0.70% decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) expressed as a percentage of predicted (p = 0.39). Associations between roadway density and both forced expired volume in 1 sec and FVC were negative but not statistically significant at p < 0.05. Conclusion Traffic from local neighborhood roadways may cause airway inflammation as indicated by eNO. This may be a more sensitive indicator of adverse air pollution effects than traditional measures of ventilatory function.
Tailorability of personalized BPEL-based Workflow Compositions

Recent composition languages like BPEL allow for composing single Web Services as higher-level business workflows. Runtime engines obtain the task to deploy and to publish these processes as regular Web services that can be located and used by any client. These runtime engines, however, do not enable end-users to flexibly adapt the constructs that represent a workflow in a personalized manner. The claim of this work is that end-user adaptability (tailorability) of personalized workflows will be increasingly significant for future applications. Based on our experience with component-based tailoring methods, we propose the multi-tier architecture TailorBPEL that supports the tailoring of personalized BPEL-based workflow compositions.
Violence and Cell Phone Communication: Behavior and Prediction in Cote D’Ivoire

We investigate the relationship between low-level incidents of political violence and communication patterns seven months after the 2012 Ivorian Civil War using network traffic from all of Orange Telecom’s Cote d’Ivoire cell towers and 500,000 randomly sampled cell phone subscribers. We first show that in the days preceding small violent incidents, mobile phone call volumes increase by 10% and the number of cell phones that are active increases by 6%, while the length of average calls decreases by 4%. These unique communication patterns attenuate as the distance from violence increase and strengthen when incidents with no fatalities are excluded. We then use machine learning techniques to explore whether these changes can predict the day and location of violent events. The addition of cell phone data to base models appear to improve our ability to predict violent events at very fine spatial and temporal resolution.
Loss of Significance and Multidecadal Variability of the Madden–Julian Oscillation

Abstract Change in significance and multidecadal variability of the Northern Hemispheric winter MJO during 1948–2006 is examined using NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data. Variation of the MJO power relative to a red background is estimated by isolating the MJO signal through frequency–wavenumber spectral analysis using a 10-yr sliding window. It is shown that during the period of study, the rate of increase of background power has been larger than the rate of increase of the MJO power, leading to a decreasing trend of significant MJO power. It is also found that a multidecadal variation rides on the decreasing trend of significant power of the MJO. Another finding is that the zonal mean component of the zonal wind at 200 hPa on a MJO time scale has a significant increasing trend. Both of the above trends are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Energetics calculations in the wavenumber domain were carried out to understand why the significant MJO power is not increasing as fast as the red backgro.
Undulating toe movements in brain death *

For many years, death implied immobility. Nevertheless, there are anecdotal reports of spontaneous or reflex movements (SRMs) in patients with Brain death (BD). The presence of some movements can preclude the diagnosis of BD, and consequently, the possibility of organ donation for transplantation. McNair and Meador [(1992) , Mov Dord7: 345–347] described the presence of undulating toe flexion movements (UTF) in BD patients. UTF consists in a sequential brief plantar flexion of the toes. Our aim was to determine the frequency, characteristics and predisposing factors of UTF movements in a prospective multicenter cohort study of patients with BD. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of BD were assessed to evaluate the presence of UTF using a standardized protocol. All patients had a routine laboratory evaluation, CT scan of the head, and EEG. Demographic, clinical, hemodynamic and blood gas concentration factors were analyzed. amongst 107 BD patients who fulfilled the AAN requirements, 47 patients (44%) had abnormal movements. UTF was observed in 25 (23%) being the most common movement (53%). Early evaluation (OR 4.3, CI95% 1.5–11.9) was a predictor of UTF in a multivariate regression model. The somato‐sensory evoked potential (SSEPs) as well as brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) did not elicit a cortical response in studied patients with UTF. This spinal reflex is probably integrated in the L5 and S1 segments of the spinal cord. Abnormal movements are common in BD, being present in more than 40% of individuals. UTF was the most common spinal reflex. In our sample, early evaluation was a predictor of UTF. Health care professionals, especially those involved in organ procurement for transplantation, must be aware of this sign. The presence of this motor phenomenon does not preclude the diagnosis of BD.