Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE GOVERNMENT AS VENTURE CAPITALIST: THE LONG-RUN IMPACT OF THE SBIR PROGR4M

Public programs to provide early-stage financing to firms, particularly high-technology companies, have become commonplace in the United States and abroad. The long-run effectiveness of these programs, however, has attracted little empirical scrutiny. This paper examines the impact of the largest U.S. public venture capital initiative, the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, which has provided over $6 billion to small high-technology firms between 1983 and 1995. Using a unique database of awardees compiled by the U.S. General Accounting Office, I show that SBIR awardees grew significantly faster than a matched set of firms over a ten-year period. The positive effects of SBIR awards were confined to firms based in zip codes with substantial venture capital activity. The findings are consistent with both the corporate finance literature on capital
TraumaTIQ: Online Decision Support for Trauma Management

TraumAID, a rule-based expert system combined with a planner, helps physicians manage patients with severe injuries. To improve communication of TraumAID's plans to physicians, the authors created TraumTIQ (Trauma criTIQuing), an interface that examines and critiques a physician's intended actions.
Does Bank Monitoring Matter to Bondholders?

In this paper, we examine the existence of a cross-monitoring effect between bank debt and public debt by exploring the effects that loan defaults have on the lead arranger's perceived monitoring ability in the public debt markets. Generating a sample of major loan defaults among U.S. firms between 2002 and 2010, we empirically test the effects that these loans had on the bond returns of publicly traded firms that had existing loans made by the same lead lender as the defaulting firm. We show that the abnormal returns of these "affected firms" are negative and statistically significant. Moreover, these abnormal returns are economically significant - with a mean about -1% when measured over an eleven day window surrounding the announcement of the defaulting loan. Interestingly, we find that these results are even stronger if the defaulting firm had a strong and/or long-standing relationship with its lead lender. We also find that the negative bond market effect is particularly strong if the defaulting loan is an important deal to the lender, if it is a recently originated loan, and if the borrower has better governance, higher profitability and higher firm value in the loan origination year. In contrast, the negative bond market effect is weakened if the affected firms have more intensive analyst coverage and higher firm values. Taken together, these results strongly confirm the existence of a cross-monitoring effect between bank debt and public debt.
Epigenetic control of intestinal barrier function and inflammation in zebrafish

Significance Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are intestinal disorders of poorly understood origin and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A crucial factor associated with IBD onset is the presence of elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the intestine, signified by the use of anti-TNF therapy to treat patients with Crohn’s disease. Despite its pathogenic relevance, the mechanisms regulating TNF expression and IBD onset remain largely unknown. Here, we show that loss of epigenetic regulation results in the induction of TNF in the intestinal epithelium, leading to a loss of intestinal barrier function and inflammation. Our results suggest that mutations in genes controlling epigenetic regulators can lead to IBD onset. The intestinal epithelium forms a barrier protecting the organism from microbes and other proinflammatory stimuli. The integrity of this barrier and the proper response to infection requires precise regulation of powerful immune homing signals such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Dysregulation of TNF leads to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but the mechanism controlling the expression of this potent cytokine and the events that trigger the onset of chronic inflammation are unknown. Here, we show that loss of function of the epigenetic regulator ubiquitin-like protein containing PHD and RING finger domains 1 (uhrf1) in zebrafish leads to a reduction in tnfa promoter methylation and the induction of tnfa expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The increase in IEC tnfa levels is microbe-dependent and results in IEC shedding and apoptosis, immune cell recruitment, and barrier dysfunction, consistent with chronic inflammation. Importantly, tnfa knockdown in uhrf1 mutants restores IEC morphology, reduces cell shedding, and improves barrier function. We propose that loss of epigenetic repression and TNF induction in the intestinal epithelium can lead to IBD onset.
Measuring U.S. Innovative Activity

Innovation has long been credited as a leading source of economic strength and vitality in the United States because it leads to new goods and services and increases productivity, leading to better living standards. Better measures of innovative activities–activities including but not limited to innovation alone–could improve what we know about the sources of productivity and economic growth. The U.S. Census Bureau either currently collects, or has collected, data on some measures of innovative activities, such as the diffusion of innovations and technologies, human and organizational capital, entrepreneurship and other worker and firm characteristics, and the entry and exit of businesses, that research shows affect productivity and other measures of economic performance. But developing an understanding of how those effects work requires more than just measures of innovative activity. It also requires solid statistical information about core measures of the economy: that is, comprehensive coverage of all industries, including improved measures of output and sales and additional information on inputs and purchased materials at the micro (enterprise) level for the same economic unit over time (so the effects can be measured). Filling gaps in core data would allow us to rule out the possibility that a measure of innovative activity merely proxies for something that is omitted from or measured poorly in the core data, provide more information about innovative activities, and strengthen our ability to evaluate the performance of the entire economy. These gaps can be filled by better integrating existing data and by more structured collections of new data.
Evolution of Self-Assembling Patterns in Cellular Automata Using Development

This paper is concerned with the application of ideas inspired by developmental biology to the evolution of cellular automata rules using genetic programming. In particular, it is focused on so-called self-assembling patterns. The application of development in computing is reviewed, as is the evolutionary technique used in the paper—Cartesian Genetic Programming. A novel developmental algorithm, termed the Developmental Cellular Model is introduced, and five sets of experiments on various self-assembly problems are detailed and the results examined.
vavCre Transgenic mice: A tool for mutagenesis in hematopoietic and endothelial lineages

Summary: Cre transgenic mice can be used to delete gene sequences flanked by loxP sites in specific somatic tissues. We have generated vavCre transgenic mice, which can be used to inactivate genes specifically in adult hematopoietic and endothelial cells. In these animals, a Cre transgene is expressed under control of murine vav gene regulatory elements. To assess their usefulness, vavCre transgenic mice were bred with R26R mice, which express a lacZ reporter gene only in cells where Cre‐mediated recombination has occurred. VavCre/R26R double‐heterozygous offspring were analyzed by β‐galactosidase histochemistry and flow cytometry. VavCre‐mediated recombination occurred in most hematopoietic cells of all hematopoietic organs, including the hematopoietic progenitor‐rich bone marrow. Recombination also occurred in most endothelial and germ cells, but only rarely in other cell types. The recombination in both hematopoietic and endothelial lineages may partly reflect their putative shared ontogeny and provides a unique tool for simultaneous pan‐hematopoietic and endothelial mutagenesis. genesis 34:251–256, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural Interviewing Equilibria in Matching Settings

While matching markets are ubiquitous, much of the work on stable matching assumes that both sides of the market are able to fully specify their preferences. However, in real-world cases with many participants, this assumption becomes unreasonable. When agents are faced with a huge number of alternatives, which they only have a vague familiarity with, they focus on the alternatives they consider likely, and study them more carefully to end up with a more refined preference order between them. In this paper, we use the terminology of one of the large matching markets – hospitals and residents – which use, in many cases, Gale-Shapley’s Deferred Acceptance mechanism. More specifically, we have one side (e.g., hospitals) with a common preference master list (based on grades, for example), while the other side (e.g., residents) have individual preferences drawn from some distribution, but they have a level of uncertainty regarding them (due, for example, to things like personal chemistry with doctors in a particular hospital). The residents can choose a subset of alternatives to Email addresses: bor@cs.toronto.edu (Allan Borodin), jdrummond@cs.toronto.edu (Joanna Drummond), kate.larson@uwaterloo.ca (Kate Larson), omerlev@bgu.ac. il (Omer Lev) URL: http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~bor/ (Allan Borodin), https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~klarson/ (Kate Larson), http://bgu.ac. il/~omerlev (Omer Lev) Preprint submitted to Games and Economic Behavior November 9, 2021 interview in, allowing them to gain information on potentially relevant hospitals and refine their preferences. We investigate the structure of the Nash equilibria of such settings when preferences are drawn from a Mallows model. One possible outcome is an assortative equilibrium, i.e., the top k residents interview with the top k hospitals, the k second tier residents interview with k second tier hospitals, and so on. Surprisingly, we prove that such an outcome is quite rare – it exists when k is a small number (2,3), but for k ≥ 4, an assortative equilibria is impossible if all agents are quite aligned (i.e., Mallows’ parameter close to 0). Moreover, we examine simulations on the possible outcomes of a Nash equilibrium, and discover that it seems that residents may be pursuing a reach/safety strategy, in which one interviews in several schools which are about their “real” level, as well as several which a rung above their own level.
Large system analysis of linear parallel interference cancellation

We derive an expression for the signal to interference-plus-noise ratio of a multistage parallel interference cancellation receiver. We focus on a linear multistage receiver employing partial parallel interference cancellation which converges to the linear minimum mean squared error receiver as the number of stages increase. The signal to interference-plus-noise ratio is given in terms of the system loading, the partial cancellation factor, the number of stages and the background noise variance. The expression allows a simple approximation for the bit error rate at each stage. Finally, we verify and apply our results to optimise the signal to interference-plus-noise ratio of the resulting linear multistage receiver.
The limits and possibilities of prepaid water in Urban Africa : lessons from the field

This study explores the potential of prepaid meters for serving urban poor communities. It provides urban utilities, oversight agencies, and other stakeholders in Africa with a basis for decision-making on the suitability, introduction, and management of such meters. The need for the assessment emerged from prepaid meters increasingly being utilized by water and sanitation utilities in developing countries, including World Bank clients. The technologies adopted have expanded over this period, but there has been a lack of consolidated data and analysis that capture the service delivery, operational efficiency, and access to services aspects of such systems across utilities and regions systematically. The review initially aimed to research experiences in six African countries from the perspective of their communities, as well as from water sector bodies, governments, and other investors. The number of case studies was increased to eight with the addition of Windhoek in Namibia and Nakuru in Kenya, as it became apparent that they may offer additional lessons. Windhoek, for example, is one of the prepaid water pioneers in Africa. The study specifically canvased the perspectives of customers, including market research and opinion surveys on peoples experience and views of prepaid water in practice. Women and children were well represented in many of these groups. The analysis aimed to be robustly investigative, deliberately not advocating for prepaid systems in principle, or making firm recommendations, but rather offering balanced analysis and assessment, and considerations to inform policymakers and sector leaders, as well as other stakeholders who may face decisions or challenges on such systems. One of the key conceptual bases that the analysis identified was the need to differentiate between prepaid applications of prepaid system for standpipes, individual connections, and institutional and commercial customers each of which have different implications for their users, as well as for cost effectiveness. Utilities must be able to justify the investment in a prepayment system and its opportunity costs specific to the application they choose, and relative to alternative means of improving services.
Adaptive spatial window aggregation query processing algorithm in wireless sensor networks

Users of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) often submit spatial window aggregation queries to obtain the summary information about a local area in the monitored region. We propose an adaptive spatial window aggregation query processing algorithm called ASWAP in this paper. It divides the query area into several disjoint sub-regions. A cluster head node is elected in each sub-region which collects the sensory data of sensor nodes in it, uses the data collected to calculate the partial query result and sends it to the cluster head node of the next sub-region. While a cluster head node fails during the above process, a recovery area can be found in its corresponding sub-region in which any node can substitute the cluster head node to resume the process of query processing. Experimental results show that in most cases ASWAP outperforms the existing IWQE algorithm in terms of energy consumption and query success rate.
Capital Gains, Losses and the Japanese Economy:1955-2001

Capital gains and losses of land and stocks for 1955-2001 in Japan obtained from the National Accounts data are so large as often surpassing the half of the nominal GDP. By the regression analysis, their direct eﬀects on household consumption, business and residential investment are found all signiﬁcant. This implies not only that the slowdown of the post-bubble Japanese economy during the 1990s was largely due to the negative impacts of capital losses, but also that its superior performance since the 1960s up to the bubble years had been inﬂuenced positively by the still larger capital gains. Abstract Capital gains and losses of land and stocks for 1955-2001 in Japan obtained from the National Accounts data are so large as often surpassing the half of the nominal GDP. By the regression analysis, their direct eﬀects on household consumption, business and residential investment are found all signiﬁcant. This implies not only that the slowdown of the post-bubble Japanese economy during the 1990s was largely due to the negative impacts of capital losses, but also that its superior performance since the 1960s up to the bubble years had been inﬂuenced positively by the still larger capital gains.
Reconfiguration of Brain Network Dynamics in Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Hidden Markov Model

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of complex neurodevelopment disorders characterized by altered brain connectivity. However, the majority of neuroimaging studies for ASD focus on the static pattern of brain function and largely neglect brain activity dynamics, which might provide deeper insight into the underlying mechanism of brain functions for ASD. Therefore, we proposed a framework with Hidden Markov Model (HMM) analysis for resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) from a large multicenter dataset of 507 male subjects. Specifically, the 507 subjects included 209 subjects with ASD and 298 well-matched health controls across 14 sites from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE). Based on the HMM, we can identify the recurring brain function networks over time across ASD and healthy controls (HCs). Then we assessed the dynamical configuration of the whole-brain networks and further analyzed the community structure of transitions across the brain states. Based on the 19 HMM states, we found that the global temporal statistics of the specific HMM states (including fractional occupancies and lifetimes) were significantly altered in ASD compared to HCs. These specific HMM states were characterized by the activation pattern of default mode network (DMN), sensory processing networks [including visual network, auditory network, and sensory and motor network (SMN)]. Meanwhile, we also find that the specific modules of transitions between states were closely related to ASD. Our findings indicate the temporal reconfiguration of the brain network in ASD and provide novel insights into the dynamics of the whole-brain networks for ASD.
Characterization of Arabidopsis Glutamine Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate Amidotransferase-Deficient Mutants1

Using a transgene-based screening, we previously isolated several Arabidopsis mutants defective in protein import into chloroplasts. Positional cloning of one of the loci, CIA1, revealed that CIA1 encodes Gln phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase 2 (ATase2), one of the three ATase isozymes responsible for the first committed step of de novo purine biosynthesis. The cia1 mutant had normal green cotyledons but small and albino/pale-green mosaic leaves. Adding AMP, but not cytokinin or NADH, to plant liquid cultures partially complemented the mutant phenotypes. Both ATase1 and ATase2 were localized to chloroplasts. Overexpression of ATase1 fully complemented the ATase2-deficient phenotypes. A T-DNA insertion knockout mutant of the ATase1 gene was also obtained. The mutant was indistinguishable from the wild type. A double mutant of cia1/ATase1-knockout had the same phenotype as cia1, suggesting at least partial gene redundancy between ATase1 and ATase2. Characterizations of the cia1 mutant revealed that mutant leaves had slightly smaller cell size but only half the cell number of wild-type leaves. This phenotype confirms the role of de novo purine biosynthesis in cell division. Chloroplasts isolated from the cia1 mutant imported proteins at an efficiency less than 50% that of wild-type chloroplasts. Adding ATP and GTP to isolated mutant chloroplasts could not restore the import efficiency. We conclude that de novo purine biosynthesis is not only important for cell division, but also for chloroplast biogenesis.
Dual transgene strategy for live visualization of chromatin and plasma membrane dynamics in murine embryonic stem cells and embryonic tissues

To simultaneously follow multiple subcellular characteristics, for example, cell position and cell morphology, in living specimens requires multiple subcellular labels. Toward this goal, we generated dual‐tagged mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells constitutively expressing differentially localized, spectrally distinct, genetically encoded fluorescent protein fusions. We have used human histone H2B fusions to fluorescent proteins to mark chromatin. This provides a descriptor of cell position, division, and death. An additional descriptor of cell morphology is achieved by combining this transgene with select lipid‐modified fluorescent protein fusions that mark the plasma membrane. Using this strategy, wewere able to live image cellular dynamics in three dimensions over time both in cultured ES cells and in mouse embryos generated using dual‐tagged ES cells. This study, therefore, presents the feasibility of applying multiple spectrally and subcellularly distinct fluorescent protein reporters for live imaging studies in ES cells and mouse embryos. Furthermore, the increasing availability of spectral variant fluorescent proteins along with the development of methods that permit improved spectral separation now facilitate multiplexing of fluorescent reporters to provide readouts of a variety of anatomical and physiological behaviors simultaneously in living specimens. genesis 47:330–336, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between resistin and aPAI‐1 levels with insulin resistance in Saudi children

Background: Association of resistin with insulin resistance (IR) in humans is still controversial and few studies have investigated the association of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) with IR in children. The purpose of the present study was therefore to evaluate serum levels of resistin and active PAI‐1 (aPAI‐1) in Saudi children and their association with the various obesity‐related complications.
CloudEdge: a content delivery system for storage service in cloud environment

With the trend of cloud computing, more and more web applications move their content to external storage services to reduce the cost of hardware and maintenance. In this paper, a novel architecture called CloudEdge for Content Delivery Network (CDN) with the storage service in cloud computing is introduced. This architecture could not only keep the loosely coupled integration between storage service and web applications but also provide better content manipulation features such as edge network content delivery, caching, secured access control, the variations of content objects generated on demand, and post-process on content objects.
Optimal Load Sharing of Hydrogen-Based Microgrids With Hybrid Storage Using Model-Predictive Control

Real operational scenario in renewable energy microgrids typically differs from the forecast computed by the economic dispatch, making difficult to achieve the contracted schedule agreed with the grid Market/System operator. Each energy storage system (ESS) has its own capabilities referred to the relationship between energy and power density. In addition, degradation issues or anomalous working conditions should be considered. Advanced control algorithms come up as a technological solution to these problems, taking advantage of each storage system and avoiding the degradation and/or limitations to provide optimal operation of a hybrid ESS. The high number of constraints and variables to be optimized increases the complexity of the control problem, being the rationale to deploy advanced control algorithms. In this paper, optimal load sharing of a real scenario in a renewable energy microgrid with hydrogen/batteries/ultracapacitor hybrid ESS is developed through an advanced control system based on model-predictive control techniques. The presence of logical states such as the start-up/shut-down of the fuel cell and electrolyzer or charge/discharge states in the batteries and ultracapacitor introduces logical variables. In order to model both continuous/discrete dynamics, the plant is modeled in the mixed logic dynamic framework.