Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insights Into the Power-Off and Power-On Transient Performance of Power-Rail ESD Clamp Circuits

The power-off and power-on transient performance of power-rail electrostatic discharge (ESD) clamp circuits is investigated in this paper. In order to serve this purpose, the transient performance of a timed shutoff power-rail ESD clamp circuit in a 65-nm CMOS process is characterized by a three-terminal test method. Based on the characterization results, several insights are summarized: it is found that the bigFET response time of the investigated circuit is dependent on the pulse peak voltage. Besides, the resistor–capacitor network is verified to be a slew-rate detector instead of a rise-time detector. Moreover, the different bigFET response mechanisms under various power-on disturbances are clarified. In addition, the validity of these insights for other designs is also discussed in this paper.
A Multi-Cloud based Approach to Enhance Data Security and Availability in Cloud Storage

Cloud computing is growing at a rapid pace, because of its promising low investment practices and the ease of access to data and services. But the security of sensitive data is an open challenge in untrusted cloud environments. Due to the single point failure model, single clouds possess the risk of service unavailability. The possibility of insider attacks in single clouds is also worrying cloud investors. As a remedy, movement towards multi-cloud environments is emerging. This paper focuses on recent research related to cloud security and highlights the advantages of high security and high data availability that is found using the multi-clouds. This paper proposes a new way of handling the cloud storage which is fairly simple to manage and also is robust to most of the data attacks that usually occur in the present cloud storage scenario. This paper explained the added advantage of using the existing infrastructure in a far effective way than that is being done now. This paper aims at relieving the end users of any concerns about the safety of the data being stored in the cloud storage and the availability of the services.
Regeneration of events using system snapshots for cloud forensic analysis

While cloud computing continues to advance as a technology, its security is still perceived as a major concern in the corporate world. Several approaches are being considered in order to resolve the security issues so that the maximum potential of cloud computing can be exploited. Cloud forensics is one such approach that attempts to provide the requisite tools for investigation and analysis of cloud security threats. In this context, we present a novel approach to analysis of cloud attacks through event regeneration. VNsnaps are used to take periodic snapshots of the virtual network environment (VNE) during cloud attacks which are detected by using fuzzy clustering techniques. These snapshots are later restored to regenerate the events of attack.
Augmentative quetiapine in partial/nonresponders with generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic and disabling condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low-dose augmentative quetiapine (mean dose=50 mg/day) in patients with GAD and partial/no response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Twenty patients with GAD and partial/no response to SSRIs were randomized to quetiapine (n=10) or placebo (n=10) for 8 weeks, continuing their treatment with SSRIs. Analyses of variance with repeated measures on Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Clinical Global Impression (CGIs; severity of illness) were carried out at baseline and after 8 weeks and the number of responders/remitters was computed and compared between the groups. HAM-A scores at baseline were 15.60 (±4.48) in the placebo group and 18.50 (±6.59) in the quetiapine group, and at the end-point, HAM-A scores in the placebo group were 10.40 (±4.88) and 9.20 (±5.86) in the quetiapine group. A significant time-by-treatment effect was found on the HAM-A (F=5.19, P=0.035) and CGIs scores (F=19.60, P<0.001) in favor of the quetiapine group. The number of responders was numerically superior in the quetiapine group (60 vs. 30%) without reaching statistical significance (&khgr;2=1.82, degree of freedom=1, P=0.37, &phgr;=0.30). Remitters were 40% for the quetiapine group versus 20% for the placebo group (&khgr;2=0.95, degree of freedom=1, P=0.63, &phgr;=0.22). Low-dose augmentative quetiapine may be an useful treatment option for patients with GAD and partial/no response to SSRIs. The lack of double-blind conditions and the limited sample size may limit the confidence in the reported results. Larger randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these data.
Clinical Relevance of Inter-Method Differences in Fat-Free Mass Estimation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background: Evaluation of fat-free mass (FFM) is becoming recognised as an important component in the assessment of clinical status and formulation of prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether potential differences in FFM estimation performed by air displacement plethysmography (ADP), bioelectrical impedance (BIE) and anthropometry (ANTHRO) would assume clinical significance. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with moderate-to-severe COPD were submitted to FFM estimation by ADP, BIE and ANTHRO. FFM was then allometrically related to peak oxygen uptake (peak v̇O2) as determined by symptom-limited incremental cycle ergometry. Results: We found that ANTHRO classified fewer patients as ‘FFM-depleted’ than the other two techniques (p < 0.05). Although mean biases of the BIE-ADP differences were close to zero, their 95% confidence limits extended as high as 5.9 kg (16%). The ANTHRO-based allometric exponents for peak v̇O2 correction of FFM, therefore, were typically higher than those obtained by the other two methods in both depleted and non-depleted patients (ANTHRO: 1.45–1.41, BIE: 0.97–1.18, ADP: 1.08–1.14, respectively). Conclusion: We conclude that between-method differences in FFM estimation can be sufficiently large to have practical implications in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. A single method of body composition assessment, therefore, should be used for FFM estimation in these patients.
Double‐Robust Semiparametric Estimator for Differences in Restricted Mean Lifetimes in Observational Studies

Summary Restricted mean lifetime is often of direct interest in epidemiologic studies involving censored survival times. Differences in this quantity can be used as a basis for comparing several groups. For example, transplant surgeons, nephrologists, and of course patients are interested in comparing posttransplant lifetimes among various types of kidney transplants to assist in clinical decision making. As the factor of interest is not randomized, covariate adjustment is needed to account for imbalances in confounding factors. In this report, we use semiparametric theory to develop an estimator for differences in restricted mean lifetimes although accounting for confounding factors. The proposed method involves building working models for the time‐to‐event and coarsening mechanism (i.e., group assignment and censoring). We show that the proposed estimator possesses the double robust property; i.e., when either the time‐to‐event or coarsening process is modeled correctly, the estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal. Simulation studies are conducted to assess its finite‐sample performance and the method is applied to national kidney transplant data.
On Deviations between Theoretical and Empirical Distributions.

1. The determination of a theoretical distribution function c(u) by drawing a random sample is a familiar technique. The reliability of this procedure is based on considerations of the least upper bound of the absolute value of the difference between o(u) and the empirical distribution o-n(u), defined as i/n times the number of sample elements falling below u. The theory requires delicate and powerful mathematical tools. Considerable simplification can, however, be achieved by taking samples whose size is not fixed but drawn from a Poisson population. This note is devoted mainly to the exposition of this idea. We also consider different measures of deviations and compare the theories for samples of fixed and random sizes. 2. Let X1, X2, . be independent random variables having the same continuous distribution functions o(u). Let furthermore 41. (x) be 0 or 1 according as x > u or x < u. The empirical distribution function ar(u; X1,i. , Xn) anf(u) is defined by the formula
The Effects of a Sensorimotor Training and a Strength Training on Postural Stabilisation, Maximum Isometric Contraction and Jump Performance

Previous studies revealed that adaptations following sensorimotor training, performed to improve functional joint or postural stability, were characterized by improvements in the rate of force development during maximum voluntary isometric contraction. In classical strength training studies using intense loads it has been shown that improvements in rate of force development is mainly due to adaptations in the intramuscular coordination. The purpose of the present study was to compare possible neuromuscular adaptations in two training groups following either sensorimotor or classical strength training over a period of four weeks. Additionally a control group was investigated to contrast the adaptations seen after training. Postural stability, maximum voluntary isometric contraction and performance in squat-jump and in drop-jump were measured before and after training. The results confirmed the positive effects of both training regimen on rate of force development and on maximum strength during maximum voluntary contraction as well as on jump performance, while only the improvements after the strength training were significant. Strength training reduced iMEG, while it was enhanced after sensorimotor training in most testing situations. Strength training had positive effects also on concentric contractions like squat-jump. The sensorimotor training improved performance in reactive drop-jump by enhanced neuromuscular activity immediately after ground contact. It is concluded that classical strength training with high loads basically improves the mechanical efficiency of the efferent drive on the motoneurons, whereas sensorimotor training alters the afferent input on the central nervous system. Both adaptations yield to specific effects during force development.
Short Communication: Studies of antimicrobial activity and chemical constituents of Ximenia americana

Ximenia Americana is a plant that is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria, leproutic ulcers and skin infections of mixed origin in Northern parts of Nigeria. To evaluate the scientific basis for the use of the plant, the antimicrobial activities of extract of the leaves were evaluated against six common bacterial isolates. Chemical constituents of the extract were also determined. The extract of was active against the test organisms including Escherischia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans . Tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, anthrax-quinones, starch, general glycosides and bitter principles were found to be present in the extract. Key words: Antimicrobial activity; chemical constituents leaves extract; Ximenia americana Trop J Pharm Res , December 2003; 2(2): 239-241
Low Insertion-Loss, Sharp-Rejection and Compact Microstrip Low-Pass Filters

Complementary split ring resonators are used to design compact, low insertion loss (IL), low pass filter with sharp cut-off. A prototype filter implementing area is 0.23 lambda<sub>g</sub>times0.09lambda <sub>g</sub>, lambda<sub>g</sub> being the guided wavelength at 3-dB cut-off frequency (f<sub>c</sub>) 1.887GHz. Maximum IL is within 0.5dB up to 1.717GHz and 20-dB stopband extends up to 3.4f<sub>c</sub>
PBTI under dynamic stress: From a single defect point of view

In this paper, fundamental aspects of the Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) in FETs with metal gate/high-k (HKMG) gate stacks are discussed from a single defect point of view. First, Random Telegraph Noise (RTN) measurements are used to show that the capture/emission processes of individual defects in highly scaled HKMG FETs exhibit very similar Poisson statistics and can be fully characterized by a characteristic electron/hole capture, τc, and emission time, τe, in NFET/PFET. In all cases, capture and emission are found to be thermally activated. These observations suggest that NBTI and PBTI share similar microscopic trapping/de-trapping mechanism, for holes and electrons, respectively. Based on these findings, a simple physical model is introduced which describes the behavior of a distribution of identical defects (characterized by τc and τe) but provides deep insights into the BTI dynamics under AC stress in general. The occupancy level of identical defects at equilibrium is found to becomes frequency, ƒ, independent for ƒ ≫ [1/τc, 1/τe], such that the BTI behavior at operation conditions (∼GHz) can be measured at relatively low frequencies (in the kHz range). The single defect model was then expanded to predict the macroscopic BTI behaviors in NMOS devices for arbitrary stress conditions. Excellent agreement between model prediction and experimental data is demonstrated, confirming that PBTI in HKMG gate stacks can be understood as a superposition of trapping/de-trapping events from individual defects in the gate stack. The overall dynamics of PBTI is thus largely governed by the distribution of electron capture and emission times of the defects in the gate stack. The challenges for using a capture and emission time based model for product lifetime predictions are addressed.
Oxidative Injury and Iron Redistribution Are Pathological Hallmarks of Marmoset Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Oxidative damage and iron redistribution are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), but these aspects are not entirely replicated in rodent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models. Here, we report that oxidative burst and injury as well as redistribution of iron are hallmarks of the MS-like pathology in the EAE model in the common marmoset. Active lesions in the marmoset EAE brain display increased expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (p22phox, p47phox, and gp91phox) and inducible nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity within lesions with active inflammation and demyelination, coinciding with enhanced expression of mitochondrial heat-shock protein 70 and superoxide dismutase 1 and 2. The EAE lesion-associated liberation of iron (due to loss of iron-containing myelin) was associated with altered expression of the iron metabolic markers FtH1, lactoferrin, hephaestin, and ceruloplasmin. The enhanced expression of oxidative damage markers in inflammatory lesions indicates that the enhanced antioxidant enzyme expression could not counteract reactive oxygen and nitrogen species-induced cellular damage, as is also observed in MS brains. This study demonstrates that oxidative injury and aberrant iron distribution are prominent pathological hallmarks of marmoset EAE thus making this model suitable for therapeutic intervention studies aimed at reducing oxidative stress and associated iron dysmetabolism.
Improved Iterative Decoders for Turbo-Coded Decode-and-Forward Relay Channels

An Improved Maximum A Posteriori (IMAP) decoder for turbo-coded decode-and-forward (DF) relay channels which takes into account the decoding errors at the relay is analyzed. This decoder is implemented in an iterative manner similar to the traditional iterative decoder (TID) used for turbo codes. The performance of this IMAP decoder is compared with the performance of an iterative decoder normally used in the literature which does not take into account the decoding errors at the relay, by simulation. The comparison shows that although the proposed IMAP decoder provides a better performance, especially when many decoding errors occur at the relay, the improvement is not significant. Then, another heuristic modification for the iterative decoder is proposed. In spite of the lack of theoretical analysis, the numerical results show that the proposed heuristically modified iterative decoder (HMID) gives significantly better performance than the traditional one.
Argument Analytics

Rapid growth in the area of argument mining has resulted in an ever increasing volume of analysed argument data. Being able to store information about arguments people make in favour or against different opinions, decisions and actions is a highly valuable resource, yet extremely challenging for sense-making. How, for example, can an analyst quickly check whether in a corpus of citizen dialogue people tend to rather agree or disagree with new policies proposed by the department of transportation; how can she get an insight into the interactions typical of this specific dialogical context; how can the general public easily see which presidential candidate is currently winning the debate by being able to successfully defend his arguments? In this paper, we propose Argument Analytics – a suite of techniques which provide interpretation of, and insight into, large-scale argument data for both specialist and general audiences.
Snow extraction using X-band multi-temporal coherence based on InSAR technology

This paper made a coherence analysis to access the ability of snow extraction based on the Terra-SAR X-HH data, and develop a method using multi-temporal coherence combined with the traditional method. Two pairs of Terra-SAR data with the same temporal baseline and similar spatial baseline were chosen, before and after snowfall. Traditional method was used to remove the snow free area with relative higher coherence. Differences between two coherence data was taken to distinguish snow covered from the snow free area which shows low coherence value under X-band condition. Backscatter coefficient data was used as well. The result was verified using GF-1 optical image. An accuracy of 82.44% was achieved if we consider the result from GF-1 optical image as ‘ground true’. Google Earth image was also used as verification which shows a good estimation of the snow covered areas.
Microsurgical anatomy of the infratemporal fossa

The objective of this study is to clearly and precisely describe the topography and contents of the infratemporal fossa. Ten formalin‐fixed, adult cadaveric specimens were studied. Twenty infratemporal fossa were dissected and examined using micro‐operative techniques with magnifications of 3–40×. Information was obtained about the inter‐relationships of the contents of the infratemporal fossa. The infratemporal fossa lies at the boundary of the head and neck, and the intracranial cavity. It is surrounded by the maxillary sinus anteriorly, the mandible laterally, the pterygoid process anteromedially, and the parapharyngeal space posteromedially. It contains the maxillary artery and its branches, the pterygoid muscles, the mandibular nerve, and the pterygoid venous plexus. The course and the anatomic variation of the maxillary artery and the branches of the mandibular nerve were demonstrated. The three‐dimensional (3D) relationships between the important bony landmarks and the neurovascular bundles of the infratemporal fossa were also shown. The skull base anatomy of the infratemporal fossa is complex, requiring neurosurgeons and head and neck surgeons to have a precise knowledge of 3D details of the topography and contents of the region. A detailed 3D anatomic knowledge is mandatory to manage benign or malignant lesions involving the infratemporal fossa without significant postoperative complications. Clin. Anat. , 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Girls' and Mothers' Social Anxiety, Social Skills, and Loneliness: Associations After Accounting for Depressive Symptoms

This study examined, in 102 mother-daughter dyads, whether (a) girls' social skills and loneliness are related to girls' social anxiety, after adjusting for girls' depressive symptoms, and (b) mothers' social functioning (social anxiety, social skills, and loneliness) is related to girls' social anxiety, after accounting for girls' social functioning (social skills and loneliness) and mothers' and girls' depressive symptoms. After accounting for girls' depression, girls' loneliness (and not social skills) was related to girls' self-reported social anxiety and girls' social skills (and not loneliness) were related to mothers' reports of girls' social anxiety. Mothers' social functioning accounted for significant variance in girls' social anxiety, beyond that accounted for by girls' social functioning and mothers' and girls' depression. Mothers' loneliness and fear of negative evaluation showed significant relations to girls' social anxiety when variance attributable to other variables was partialed out, whereas mothers' social skills and social avoidance and distress did not. Directions for future research on social anxiety are highlighted.
Genetic Diversity of Striga hermonthica Populations in Ethiopia: Evaluating the Role of Geography and Host Specificity in Shaping Population Structure

Striga hermonthica, a root hemiparasitic Orobanchaceae, severely constrains grain production in sub-Saharan Africa. Host specificity and geography may play important roles in shaping the population structure of S. hermonthica, with the Rift Valley potentially presenting a significant barrier to dispersal. Genetic diversity was assessed in 12 S. hermonthica populations from locations in Ethiopia. Of these, seven populations were parasitic on sorghum, two each on tef and maize, and one on finger millet. Genetic variation was detected using four amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations. After correcting for repeatability, 385 fragments were detected across all primer combinations. The percentage of polymorphic loci was relatively high, ranging from 53.2% to 76.4%. Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.168 to 0.279. Genetic differentiation between populations was relatively high, and all populations were significantly different from each other. FST values ranged from 0.032 to 0.293 and averaged 0.146. Genetic differences between populations could not be attributed to host specificity. Instead, geography was the main determinant of population structure. There was a correlation between geographic and genetic distance. A significant portion of the genetic variance could be apportioned on either side of the Rift Valley (5%; ). Also, a significant geographic barrier was identified in the southern portion of the sampled region.
Anatomic basis of amygdaloid and hippocampal volume measurement by magnetic resonance imaging

Both the amygdala and the hippocampus are involved in the pathogenesis of a number of neurologic conditions, including temporal lobe epilepsy, postanoxic amnesia, and Alzheimer's disease. To enhance the investigation and management of patients with these disorders, we developed a protocol to measure the volumes of the amygdala and as much of the hippocampus as possible (approximately 90 to 95%) using high-resolution MRI. We present the anatomic basis of these two protocols and our results in normal control subjects. These volumetric studies of the amygdala may clarify the role of this structure in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy.