Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Problem gambling worldwide: An update and systematic review of empirical research (2000–2015)

Background and aims Problem gambling has been identified as an emergent public health issue, and there is a need to identify gambling trends and to regularly update worldwide gambling prevalence rates. This paper aims to review recent research on adult gambling and problem gambling (since 2000) and then, in the context of a growing liberalization of the gambling market in the European Union, intends to provide a more detailed analysis of adult gambling behavior across European countries. Methods A systematic literature search was carried out using academic databases, Internet, and governmental websites. Results Following this search and utilizing exclusion criteria, 69 studies on adult gambling prevalence were identified. These studies demonstrated that there are wide variations in past-year problem gambling rates across different countries in the world (0.12–5.8%) and in Europe (0.12–3.4%). However, it is difficult to directly compare studies due to different methodological procedures, instruments, cut-offs, and time frames. Despite the variability among instruments, some consistent results with regard to demographics were found. Discussion and conclusion The findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of problem gambling prevalence rates in order to examine the influence of cultural context on gambling patterns, assess the effectiveness of policies on gambling-related harms, and establish priorities for future research.
The Method for Solving a Piecewise-Linear Multicommodity Flow Problem

The paper deals with a flow distribution problem with a piecewise-linear cost function. The problem is formulated as a piecewise-linear programming problem which is not separable with respect to separate variable group. The method for solving this problem is based on the extension of the idea of the simplex method to the class of non-separable piecewise-linear problems. It secures finding of a local solution to the problem after a finite number of iterations. The method uses the peculiarities of the problem constraints that make it possible to decompose the matrix of constraints to smaller ones and thus to diminish the volume of calculations.
Women ’ s Voices and Feminism in Polish Cultural Memory

Tytuł zbioru wskazuje na obszar badawczy, jakim jest polska pamięć kulturowa, a równocześnie na przyjętą wobec niego perspektywę feministyczną, pozwalającą skupić się na historii kobiet, ich aktywności społecznej, politycznej i artystycznej. Pojęcie „głosów kobiet", użyte przez redaktorki, można odnieść zarówno do ich praw obywatelskich, udziału w życiu publicznym, ale także do ich ekspresji w literaturze i innych dziedzinach sztuki. Wyrazem tej wieloznaczności jest trójdzielna konstrukcja książki. Pierwsza część prezentuje zagadnienia historyczne i teoretyczne, zaś dwie kolejne są analityczne – jedna poświęcona jest literaturze, a druga filmowi, teatrowi i studiom lingwistycznym. Jak zaznacza we wstępie Urszula Chowaniec, współredaktorka tomu obok Urszuli Philips, perspektywa feministyczna stanowi dla zebranych tekstów jedynie umowną ramę. Chowaniec określa typ badań, w którym mieszczą się kwestie społeczno-polityczne i kulturowe związane z kobietami – także te kontrowersyjne, pomijane bądź traktowane w pobieżny sposób. Konieczność ich przedyskutowania na nowo wydała się Chowaniec o tyle istotna, iż mimo intensywnych przemian po 1989 roku w Polsce, wiele kwestii genderowych, związanych z równością płci pozostało nierozstrzygniętych. Przygnębiająco wypada zwłaszcza przytoczone we wstępie zestawienie okresu 1989-2009 z dwudziestoleciem międzywojennym, gdy kobiety zyskały prawo do głosowania, edukacji, pracy zawodowej, co przełożyło się na ich aktywność, także intelektualną. Tymczasem po upadku komunizmu, mimo demokratyzacji systemu, „nowy porządek", jak ujęła to Maria Janion, był rodzaju męskiego.
Molecular Computation Models in ACL2: a Simulation of Lipton’s Experiment Solving SAT.∗

In this paper we present an ACL2 formalization of a molecular computing model: Adleman’s restricted model [2]. This is a first step to formalize unconventional models of computation in ACL2. As an application of this model, an implementation of Lipton’s experiment solving SAT [7] is described, based on the formalization given in [6]. We use ACL2 to make a formal proof of the completeness and soundness properties of the function implementing the experiment.
Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Institutionalized Adults with Developmental Disabilities

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has recently been reported to emerge in the community setting. We describe the investigation and control of a community-acquired outbreak of MRSA skin infections in a closed community of institutionalized adults with developmental disabilities. In a 9-month period in 1997, 20 (71%) of 28 residents had 73 infectious episodes. Of the cultures, 60% and 32% obtained from residents and personnel, respectively, grew S. aureus; 96% and 27% were MRSA. All isolates were genetically related by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and belonged to a phage type not previously described in the region. No known risk factors for MRSA acquisition were found. However, 58 antibiotic courses had been administered to 16 residents during the preceding 9 months. Infection control measures, antibiotic restriction, and appropriate therapy resulted in successful termination of this outbreak. Selective antibiotic pressure may result in the emergence, persistence, and dissemination of MRSA strains, causing prolonged disease.
Enjeux de l'hybridation des ressources pour les monnaies locales associatives

Peu de travaux se sont penches sur la maniere dont les dispositifs de monnaies locales se financent, alors meme que l'entree progressive de collectivites et de financeurs prives conduit a interpeller leur « modele economique ». Ce chapitre vise precisement a identifier les ressources de ces dispositifs ainsi que ce que ces ressources en-gagent, autrement dit, la nature du projet lui-meme. Cela nous conduit a reformuler la tripartition usuelle dans les travaux relatifs a l'economie solidaire pour distinguer quatre types de ressources : marchandes, redistributives, du don et de la double qualite. A partir de ces types de ressources, nous identifions trois modeles, construits autour de la domination d'un type de ressources, lie notamment a la place de certains acteurs dans la construction du projet. Nous en analysons les principales consequences et notamment les effets de retour que les ressources peuvent avoir sur le projet lui-meme. L'ensemble conduit a souligner la necessite d'une cooperation des acteurs concernes pour perenniser ces dispositifs dans le maintien de leur projet politique.
Coordination and Its ICT support in Crisis Response: Confronting the Information-Processing  View of Coordination with a Case Study

Coordinating the response of multiple agencies during a large-scale crises is a challenge. Using the information-processing view of coordination, a case study is presented in which dependencies, coordination mechanisms, coordination approaches, and supporting information and communication technologies (ICTs) are explored in crisis response exercises. The findings suggest that although current practices and ICT support favor coordination standards and hierarchy, emergent coordination, which is also present, is not adequately addressed and there is opportunity for improvement.
A Comparison of Two Distributed Disk Systems

As the storage needs of computer applications and users become more sophisticated and increase beyond what can easily be satisfied by a few disk array controllers, aggregating and managing the many disparate components of the storage system become severe problems. Distributed disk systems, which manage collections of disks shared by or partitioned across multiple nodes, may offer a solution to this problem by automating the management of these storage resources. Such systems can automatically tolerate and recover from component failures, gracefully scale in capacity and performance as components are added, allow the storage distributed across multiple nodes to be managed as a single system, and provide useful management abstractions such as virtual disks and snapshots. This paper describes the different architectural and design alternatives embodied in Snappy Disk and Petal, two distributed disk systems that have similar external features but have radically different internal structures, and studies the effect of these differences on the systems’ performance, availability, and manageability. Server0 Server1 Server2 Server3 Client0 Client1 Client2 Client3 General Purpose Network Storage Area Network Server0 Server1 Server2 Server3 Client0 Client1 Client2 Client3 General Purpose Network Figure 1: Shared-Disk Architecture Figure 2: Partitioned-Disk Architecture
Using Positional Suffix Trees to Perform Agile Tree Kernel Calculation

Tree kernels have been used as an efficient solution for many tasks, but are difficult to calculate. To address this problem, in this paper we introduce the Positional Suffix Trees: a novel data structure devised to store tree structures, as well as the MFTK and EFTK algorithms, which use them to estimate Subtree and Subspace Tree Kernels. Results show that the Positional Suffix Tree can store large amounts of trees in a scalable fashion, and that our algorithms are up to 22 times faster than the state-ofthe-art approach.
No-dynamic-arbitrage and market impact

Starting from a no-dynamic-arbitrage principle that imposes that trading costs should be non-negative on average and a simple model for the evolution of market prices, we demonstrate a relationship between the shape of the market impact function describing the average response of the market price to traded quantity and the function that describes the decay of market impact. In particular, we show that the widely assumed exponential decay of market impact is compatible only with linear market impact. We derive various inequalities relating the typical shape of the observed market impact function to the decay of market impact, noting that, empirically, these inequalities are typically close to being equalities.
Designing a high performance and low energy-consuming embedded system with considering code compressed environments

In this paper, we present an embedded system design which is cost-efficient and which considers performance improvement and power consumption based on the frequency with which instructions are executed. We use the locality of running programs to optimize the use of memory space, system performance, and power consumption; that is, we compress infrequently executed codes to save the use of memory space but compress (encode) frequently executed codes to power consumption and maximize performance. To save the number of memory access times, the frequently executed instructions are encoded as shorter code words and then the continuous code words are packed into a pseudo instruction. Once the decompression engine fetches one pseudo instruction, it can extract multiple instructions to reduce the number of memory access times. In addition, we also propose a design with multiple look-ahead tables that solves the problem which arises due to the reduction in instructions from one-time memory access which occurs because the great amount of frequently executed instructions. From our simulation results, our method with one 256-instruction look-ahead table does not increase the compression ratio, and the ratio of the power consumption can be reduced by about 47.23% than compressing all instructions. With regard to multiple look-ahead table methods, when one 512-instruction look-ahead table is used, the ratio of the power consumption is reduced by 37.25% only, however, when two look-ahead tables that contain 256 instructions in each table are used, the power consumption can be improved by 49.36%. According to the simulation results, our proposed methods based on the frequencies of executed instructions result in low power consumption, performance improvement and reduced memory space.
Continuum model of actin-mediated bacterial propulsion

The mechanism of propulsion of host bacteria under the action of actin gel networks is examined by means of a continuum model of the dynamics of the F-actin concentration. The model includes the elasticity of the network, its attachment to the host and the polymerization at the interface with it. A formula for the cruise velocity is derived wherefrom the respective contributions of elasticity and polymerization are made explicit. The velocity tends to elongate the gel in the direction opposite to motion, and in turn is proportional to the size of its active portion. It is shown that the motion can start only past a finite latency time: the condition for the onset of motion is explicitly given.It is numerically found that at steady state the motion has a pulsating behavior, with sudden decelerations and subsequent recoveries.
Automatic Discoveries of Physical and Semantic Concepts via Association Priors of Neuron Groups

The recent successful deep neural networks are largely trained in a supervised manner. It {\it associates} complex patterns of input samples with neurons in the last layer, which form representations of {\it concepts}. In spite of their successes, the properties of complex patterns associated a learned concept remain elusive. In this work, by analyzing how neurons are associated with concepts in supervised networks, we hypothesize that with proper priors to regulate learning, neural networks can automatically associate neurons in the intermediate layers with concepts that are aligned with real world concepts, when trained only with labels that associate concepts with top level neurons, which is a plausible way for unsupervised learning. We develop a prior to verify the hypothesis and experimentally find the proposed priors help neural networks automatically learn both basic physical concepts at the lower layers, e.g., rotation of filters, and highly semantic concepts at the higher layers, e.g., fine-grained categories of an entry-level category.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) Summer 10-6-2011 THE IMPORTANCE OF GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES IN IT PROJECT PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT

Although recently a lot of attention has been devoted to IT project portfolio management in theory as well as in practice, research in this area is particularly focused on approaches for project selection. Related tasks and especially the organizational environment in which IT project portfolio management is embedded are often excluded. This paper relates existing findings from the field of IT governance to the field of IT project portfolio management. Based on a qualitative study, different fields of activities in IT project portfolio management are identified. Furthermore, governance issues in IT project portfolio management are illustrated and a category schema for the assessment of governance structures in the different fields of activities is introduced. In contrast to existing publications in this field of research, which usually employ a maturity level perspective, the paper focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of centralized, decentralized and federal structures in different fields of activities of IT project portfolio management. The paper is intended to highlight why different degrees of centralization in IT project portfolio management can be observed in practice.
Multi-Winner Social Choice: Algorithmic and Game-theoretic Approaches

Multi-Winner Social Choice: Algorithmic and Game-Theoretic Approaches Joel Oren Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 2015 Decision-making problems in multi-agent settings are commonly characterized by the requirement to choose which items to assign to which agents, or choose which items to offer them for sale, given their preferences. We take an algorithmic approach to problems that commonly face agents in these domains, such as online retail websites (where the agents are vendors) or voting settings (where the agents are the voters). We study problems that are known to be computationally hard, and focus on approaches that deal with these tractability issues using techniques for approximating the optimal solutions. Our work has two recurring themes. First, we introduce competition among selfish agents (e.g., vendors or advertisers) as an additional factor in many of our problems. Second, we introduce an additional component of uncertainty (which comes in various forms), and which plays a key role in our models. This added uncertainty comes in two forms: online (sequential) arrival of the agents (e.g., as in physical stores), and distributional models, in which the decision-maker’s actions are based on probabilistic beliefs about the agents’ preferences. We develop algorithms for selecting the best sets of items in settings where such factors as uncertainty and competition introduce added complications. We also provide game theoretic analyses of settings where competition and uncertainty about the preferences induce best response dynamics in which the vendors iteratively update their strategies in response to each other.
Processes and Procedures for Estimating Score Reliability and Precision

ABSTRACT Precision is a key facet of test development, with score reliability determined primarily according to the types of error one wants to approximate and demonstrate. This article identifies and discusses several primary forms of reliability estimation: internal consistency (i.e., split-half, KR–20, α), test–retest, alternate forms, interscorer, and interrater reliability.
An Examination of the Relationship between Culture and Cyberloafing Using the Hofstede Model

ABSTRACT This article explores the relationship between culture and cyberloafing. A survey measuring individuals’ propensity to engage in cyberloafing in the workplace was conducted with people from 17 countries representing a wide range of cultures. Tests were performed to explore relationships between participants’ propensity to cyberloaf and the cultural dimension ratings for their individual countries of origin. The results show that some types of cyberloafing activity relate significantly with culture. This has potential implications for multinational organizations. Employees from different cultures may have different workplace tendencies.
Robust Nonlinear Fault Diagnosis in Input-Output Systems

The design and analysis of fault diagnosis architectures using the model-based analytical redundancy approach has received considerable attention during the last two decades. One of the key issues in the design of such fault diagnosis schemes is the effect of modelling uncertainties on their performance. This paper describes a fault diagnosis algorithm for a class of nonlinear dynamic systems with modelling uncertainties when not all states of the system are measurable. The main idea behind this approach is to monitor the plant for any off-nominal system behaviour due to faults utilizing a nonlinear online approximator with adjustable parameters. The online approximator only uses the system input and output measurements. A nonlinear estimation model and learning algorithm are described so that the online approximator provides an estimate of the fault. The robustness, sensitivity, stability and performance properties of the nonlinear fault diagnosis scheme are rigorously established under certain assumptio.
Dynamo action by differential rotation in a stably stratified stellar interior

Magnetic fields can be created in stably stratified (non-convective) layers in a differentially rotating star. A magnetic instability in the toroidal field (wound up by differential rotation) replaces the role of convection in closing the field amplification loop. Tayler instability is likely to be the most relevant magnetic instability. A dynamo model is developed from these ingredients, and applied to the problem of angular momentum transport in stellar interiors. It produces a predominantly horizontal field. This dynamo process is found to be more effective in transporting angular momentum than the known hydrodynamic mechanisms. It might account for the observed pattern of rotation in the solar core.
AN ALGORITHM FOR FINDING EFFECTIVE QUERY EXPANSIONS THROUGH FAILURE ANALYSIS OF WORD STATISTICAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

Query expansion can improve word statistical based information retrieval, but problems occur due to the heterogeneous nature of underlying documents, and use of thesauri and ontologies not specifically designed for query expansion purposes. This paper performs a failure analysis on word statistical information retrieval, and uses this data to discover high value query expansions. This process uses a medical thesaurus (UMLS) and a medical document test collection (OHSUMED). The UMLS based medical concepts within the OHSUMED documents and test queries are identified. Then, using the document-query relevance judgements, we explore the set of UMLS relationships that connect the concepts in the queries with the concepts in the relevant documents. From this, we increase the specificity of the query expansion process.
Computer aided patient evaluation in the low back pain pathology

The aim of the paper is to implement an artificially intelligent assessment system that is based on a modified fuzzy inference system. This system reduces the rate of patient complications. This inference system, consisting of 246 rules, avoids the defuzzification process and offers the final result in natural language form. 51 of the rules indicate that appropriate action must be of a lumbar spine surgery, 163 of the rules indicate that the patient should continue medical rehabilitation and 32 of the rules indicate that the patient is medically healthy. Early diagnosis and rapid establishment of a targeted treatment are decisive factors for therapeutic success. The results of this study showed that patients from first lot had better results than patients of the second lot.
The value of Twitter data for determining the emotional responses of people to urban green spaces: A case study and critical evaluation

Interactions between humans and nature are understood to be beneficial for human well-being. In cities, urban green spaces are believed to provide many benefits to urban populations in terms of mental and emotional well-being. Through a case study of 60 urban green spaces in Birmingham, United Kingdom, this article investigates the spatial and temporal variation of the emotions experienced by individuals whilst using urban green spaces. Using a dataset obtained from Twitter as the basis for emotional explorations, sentiment analysis was performed on over 10,000 tweets to ascertain the positivity/negativity of individuals. Positive responses were more common than negative responses across all seasons, with happiness and appreciation of beauty being the common positive emotions identified. For the negative responses, fear and anger were present in similar amounts, with fewer tweets indicating sadness and disgust. Our findings show that Twitter data is a viable source of information to researchers investigating human interaction and emotional response to space in cities. Such information has implications for urban planners and park managers, enabling the creation of evidence-based spaces which enhance positive outdoor experience. Limitations in using Twitter data are discussed and these should be considered in future research.