Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An empirical study on the impact of Python dynamic features on change-proneness

The dynamic features of programming languages are useful constructs that bring developers convenience and flexibility, but they are also perceived to lead to difficulties in software maintenance. Figuring out whether the use of dynamic features affects maintenance is significant for both researchers and practitioners, yet little work has been done to investigate it. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study to explore whether program source code files using dynamic features are more change-prone and whether particular categories of dynamic features are more correlated to change-proneness than others. To this end, we statically analyze historical data from 4 to 7 years of the development of seven open-source systems. We employ Fisher and Mann-Whitney hypothetical test methods, along with logistic regression model to solve three research questions. The results show that: (1) files with dynamic features are more change-prone, (2) files with a higher number of dynamic features are more change-prone, and (3) Introspection is shown to be more correlated to change-proneness than the other three categories in most systems. This innovative work can give some inspirations and references to researchers who are always focusing their eyes on how and why the dynamic features are used. For practitioners, we suggest them to be wary of files with dynamic features because they are more likely to be the subject of their maintenance effort.
Aureusimines in Staphylococcus aureus Are Not Involved in Virulence

Background Recently, dipeptide aureusimines were reported to activate expression of staphylococcal virulence genes, such as alpha-hemolysin, and increase S. aureus virulence. Surprisingly, most of the virulence genes affected by aureusimines form part of the regulon of the SaeRS two component system (TCS), raising the possibility that SaeRS might be directly or indirectly involved in the aureusimine-dependent signaling process. Methodology/Principal Findings Using HPLC analyses, we confirmed that a transposon mutant of ausA, the gene encoding the aureusimine dipeptide synthesis enzyme, does not produce dipeptides. However, the transposon mutant showed normal hemolysis activity and alpha-hemolysin/SaeP production. Furthermore, the P1 promoter of the sae operon, one of the targets of the SaeRS TCS, showed normal transcription activity. Moreover, in contrast to the original report, the ausA transposon mutant did not exhibit attenuated virulence in an animal infection model. DNA sequencing revealed that the ausA deletion mutant used in the original study has an 83 nt-duplication in saeS. Hemolysis activity of the original mutant was restored by a plasmid carrying the sae operon. A mutant of the sae operon showed elevated resistance to chloramphenicol and erythromycin, two antibiotics widely used during staphylococcal mutagenesis. At 43°C in the presence of erythromycin and aeration, the conditions typically employed for staphylococcal mutagenesis, an saeR transposon mutant grew much faster than a control mutant and the saeR mutant was highly enriched in a mixed culture experiment. Conclusions/Significance Our results show that the previously reported roles of aureusimines in staphylococcal gene regulation and virulence were due to an unintended mutation in saeS, which was likely selected due to elevated resistance of the mutant to environmental stresses. Thus, there is no evidence indicating that the dipeptide aureusimines play a role in sae-mediated virulence factor production or contribute to staphylococcal virulence.
A hybrid approach to forecast stock market index

The forecasting of stock market problem from the available data is quite often of uncertain nature, hence the stock market prediction is a very challenging and difficult task. In this paper, we have investigated the predictability of stock market of Bombay Stock Exchange BSE30, Hang Sang China Stock Index HS, Japan Stock Index NIKKEI and Taiwan Weighted Index TWI with adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system ANFIS combined with subtractive clustering technique. In this process, we compared stock markets with variable numbers of data clusters. Optimised subtractive clustering is used to cluster the data and create fuzzy membership functions. Finally, a hybrid learning algorithm has been used to combine least square method and back propagation gradient-decent method for training the fuzzy inference system. This paper represents a state of the art for ANFIS application to forecast stock market index.
Yardsticks: Children in the Classroom Ages 4-14. A Resource for Parents and Teachers. [Second Edition.].

WSU AED #5100 Winter 2014 Division: College of Education Program: Art Education Course # AED #5100 Course Title: TOPICS IN ART EDUCATION Section: 001 CRN: 27719 3 credits Term Year: Winter 2014 Course Location: Community Arts Bldg. Room 0161 Time: Thursday, 05:00PM 07:45PM, 01/09/14 04/17/14 (last class) Instructor: Debra L. Graham BFA, MA Ed. Office Hours: At break and preceding class-by appointment Phone: 313-535-4000 x1141 (Work #, M-F after 2:30 p.m.) 313-408-8971 (personal cell) E-mails: cn2028@wayne.edu Emergency Numbers: Weather/snow cancellations: 313-577-5345 Security: 313-577-2222
Long-term Effect of Biomineralized Insulin Nanoparticles on Type 2 Diabetes Treatment

Intracellular insulin may exhibit a long-term effect in regulating protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and gene transcription. However, the intracellular delivery of insulin is a great challenge. Here, we describe how a simple biomineralization modification of insulin can transport it into intact cells on a large scale, leading to a long-term therapeutic effect on diabetes mellitus. Using insulin-resistant HepG2 cell and diabetic KKAy mice as models, in vitro and in vivo assessments have demonstrated that biomineralized insulin nanoparticles can trigger glucose metabolism, and this improvement extends after the treatment. The potential exists to improve the current treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus through biomineralized modifications of insulin. This study provides a new paradigm of biomimetic nanotechnology for biomedical applications.
Quality Indicators for the Care of Heart Failure in Vulnerable Elders

Heart failure is a common and morbid disease. There are an estimated 5 million patients in the United States with heart failure, and approximately 550,000 patients are newly diagnosed each year. Half of patients with a diagnosis die within 4 years, and 50% of those with severe heart failure die within 1 year. Heart failure is a disease of older adults, with a mean age of 74 for the affected population. Approximately 80% of those hospitalized with heart failure are aged 65 and older, and the incidence in this age group approaches 1% per year. Fortunately, randomized trials have identified several therapies that benefit patients with heart failure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and beta-blockers were shown to prolong survival in the 1990s, and clinical guidelines have recommended these treatments for many years. In addition, other processes of care not necessarily evaluated in randomized trials but with considerable justification are now viewed as indicators of quality. Improving the quality of care for vulnerable elders (VEs) will likely lead to significant improvements in morbidity and mortality, given that VEs are at high risk from heart failure. Fourteen quality indicators (QIs) for the management of heart failure in VEs were selected in 1999 as part of the Assessing the Care of Vulnerable Elders (ACOVE) project. Since that publication, several new therapies have been shown to be life prolonging for patients with heart failure. The purpose of this article is to review and update the ACOVE QIs for heart failure in VEs. METHODS A total of 121 articles were considered in this review: 17 identified using a Web search and 104 through reference mining. Based on the literature, the authors suggested 17 potential QIs that an expert panel reviewed.
Biosurfactant Mediated Biosynthesis of Selected Metallic Nanoparticles

Developing a reliable experimental protocol for the synthesis of nanomaterials is one of the challenging topics in current nanotechnology particularly in the context of the recent drive to promote green technologies in their synthesis. The increasing need to develop clean, nontoxic and environmentally safe production processes for nanoparticles to reduce environmental impact, minimize waste and increase energy efficiency has become essential in this field. Consequently, recent studies on the use of microorganisms in the synthesis of selected nanoparticles are gaining increased interest as they represent an exciting area of research with considerable development potential. Microorganisms are known to be capable of synthesizing inorganic molecules that are deposited either intra- or extracellularly. This review presents a brief overview of current research on the use of biosurfactants in the biosynthesis of selected metallic nanoparticles and their potential importance.
Study on the metal grating optical coupling for quantum cascade detector

We present the simulation results of a method for the quantum cascade detectors (QCD) optical coupling. A metal grating was integrated with a QCD to convert normal-incident electromagnetic (EM) waves into non-normal, higher-order propagating wave (HOPW) and surface plasmon wave (SPW), which contribute to excite the bound-to-bound (BTB) intersubband transition of carriers in the QCD. The presented results have significance for the QCD optical coupling design and optimization.
The Aldo-Keto Reductase Akr1b7 Gene Is a Common Transcriptional Target of Xenobiotic Receptors Pregnane X Receptor and Constitutive Androstane Receptor

Aldo-keto reductase (AKR) family 1, member 7 (AKR1B7), a member of the AKR superfamily, has been suggested to play an important role in the detoxification of lipid peroxidation by-products. The nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are xenosensors postulated to alleviate xeno- and endobiotic chemical insults. In this study, we show that the mouse Akr1b7 is a shared transcriptional target of PXR and CAR in the liver and intestine. Treatment of wild-type mice with the PXR agonist pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile (PCN) activated Akr1b7 gene expression, whereas the effect was abrogated in PXR(-/-) mice. Similarly, the activation of Akr1b7 gene expression by the CAR agonist 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichlorpyridyloxyl)]-benzene, seen in wild-type mice, was abolished in CAR(-/-) mice. The promoter of Akr1b7 gene was activated by PXR and CAR, and this activation was achieved through the binding of PXR-retinoid X receptor (RXR) or CAR-RXR heterodimers to direct repeat-4 type nuclear receptor-binding sites found in the Akr1b7 gene promoter. At the functional level, treatment with PCN in wild-type mice, but not PXR(-/-) mice, led to a decreased intestinal accumulation of malondialdehyde, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation. The regulation of Akr1b7 by PXR was independent of the liver X receptor (LXR), another nuclear receptor known to regulate this AKR isoform. Because a major function of Akr1b7 is to detoxify lipid peroxidation, the PXR-, CAR-, and LXR-controlled regulatory network of Akr1b7 may have contributed to alleviate toxicity associated with lipid peroxidation.
Fully digital on-chip memory using minimum height standard cells for near-threshold voltage computing

This paper proposes a standard-cell based memory (SCM) as an alternative to a traditional on-chip SRAM for near-threshold voltage computing. It focuses on area- and energy-efficiency using minimum height standard-cells. Unlike conventional SCMs, the proposed SCM has standard-cells with a minimum possible cell height allowed by the logic design rule of the target technology. This paper also presents energy efficient readout and write schemes for reducing dynamic energy consumption. Post layout simulation using 65-nm FDSOI technology shows that the proposed SCM achieves area efficiency of 5.9 μm2 per bit (592F2 per bit), which is less than that of the state of the art SCMs. The results also show that the energy consumption is further improved when the supply voltage scaling and back-gate biasing techniques are applied to our SCM.
Parabrachial nuclear complex

The parabrachial (PB) nuclear complex is located in the dorsolateral pons, surrounding the superior cerebellar peduncle. This complex consists of 3 major subdivisions: lateral PB, medial PB, and the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus; each consists of several subnuclei that have different neurochemical markers and connections. The PB nuclear complex provides an interface between medullary reflexes and forebrain mechanisms regulating cardiovascular and respiratory functions. It is also involved in control of food and sodium intake, thermoregulation, and relay of pain and visceral sensations to the thalamus, hypothalamus, and amygdala. Recent evidence indicates that portions of the medial and lateral PB, via projections to the basal forebrain, are a critical component of the brainstem arousal system. The PB nuclear complex is activated by visceral and nociceptive inputs in humans; it is also a relay station of taste pathways in rodents, but its role in taste sensation in humans is uncertain. The PB may participate in compensatory ventilatory and arousal responses in the setting of sleep apnea. Involvement of the PB nuclear complex may underlie impaired arousal in comatose patients with brainstem lesions and may contribute to the manifestations of neurodegenerative disorders. The functional organization of the PB nuclear complex and its role in respiratory and cardiovascular control, food intake, sodium intake, thermoregulation, nociception, and arousal have been the subject of several reviews.1–15
Converse Spectral Problems for Nodal Domains

We consider two-dimensional Schrödinger operators in bounded domains. Abstractions of nodal sets are introduced and spectral conditions for them ensuring that they are actually zero sets of eigenfunctions are given. This is illustrated by an application to optimal partitions. 2000 Math. Subj. Class. 35B05.
Longitudinal Blood Pressure Control, Long-Term Mortality, and Predictive Utility of Serum Liver Enzymes and Bilirubin in Hypertensive Patients

There is accruing evidence from general population studies that serum bilirubin and liver enzymes affect blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular risk, but it is unclear whether these have an impact on hypertensive patients in terms of long-term survival or BP control. We analyzed 12 000 treated hypertensive individuals attending a tertiary care clinic followed up for 35 years for association between baseline liver function tests and cause-specific mortality after adjustment for conventional cardiovascular covariates. Generalized estimating equations were used to study the association of liver tests and follow-up BP. The total time at risk was 173 806 person years with median survival 32.3 years. Follow-up systolic BP over 5 years changed by −0.4 (alanine transaminase and bilirubin), +2.1(alkaline phosphatase), +0.9(&ggr;-glutamyl transpeptidase) mm Hg for each standard deviation increase. Serum total bilirubin and alanine transaminase showed a significant negative association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, whereas alkaline phosphatase and &ggr;-glutamyl transpeptidase showed a positive association and aspartate transaminase showed a U-shapedassociation. Serum bilirubin showed an incremental improvement of continuous net reclassification improvement by 8% to 26% for 25 year and 35 year cardiovascular mortality, whereas all liver markers together improved continuous net reclassification improvement by 19% to 47% compared with reference model. In hypertensive patients, serum liver enzymes and bilirubin within 4 standard deviations of the mean show independent effects on mortality and BP control. Our findings would support further studies to elucidate the mechanisms by which liver enzymes and bilirubin may exert an effect on BP and cardiovascular risk, but there is little support for using them in risk stratification.
Molecular and Physiological Analysis of Al3+ and H+ Rhizotoxicities at Moderately Acidic Conditions1[W][OPEN]

Rhizotoxicities of Al3+ and H+ occur at moderately acidic soil conditions (pH [water] = 5–5.5), especially under conditions of low Ca supply. Al3+ and H+ toxicities predicted to occur at moderately acidic conditions (pH [water] = 5–5.5) in low-Ca soils were characterized by the combined approaches of computational modeling of electrostatic interactions of ions at the root plasma membrane (PM) surface and molecular/physiological analyses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Root growth inhibition in known hypersensitive mutants was correlated with computed {Al3+} at the PM surface ({Al3+}PM); inhibition was alleviated by increased Ca, which also reduced {Al3+}PM and correlated with cellular Al responses based on expression analysis of genes that are markers for Al stress. The Al-inducible Al tolerance genes ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER1 and ALUMINUM SENSITIVE3 were induced by levels of {Al3+}PM too low to inhibit root growth in tolerant genotypes, indicating that protective responses are triggered when {Al3+}PM was below levels that can initiate injury. Modeling of the H+ sensitivity of the SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY1 knockout mutant identified a Ca alleviation mechanism of H+ rhizotoxicity, possibly involving stabilization of the cell wall. The phosphatidate phosphohydrolase1 (pah1) pah2 double mutant showed enhanced Al susceptibility under low-P conditions, where greater levels of negatively charged phospholipids in the PM occur, which increases {Al3+}PM through increased PM surface negativity compared with wild-type plants. Finally, we found that the nonalkalinizing Ca fertilizer gypsum improved the tolerance of the sensitive genotypes in moderately acidic soils. These findings fit our modeling predictions that root toxicity to Al3+ and H+ in moderately acidic soils involves interactions between both toxic ions in relation to Ca alleviation.
Energy resource scheduling in a real distribution network managed by several virtual power players

Smart Grids (SGs) appeared as the new paradigm for power system management and operation, being designed to integrate large amounts of distributed energy resources. This new paradigm requires a more efficient Energy Resource Management (ERM) and, simultaneously, makes this a more complex problem, due to the intensive use of distributed energy resources (DER), such as distributed generation, active consumers with demand response contracts, and storage units. This paper presents a methodology to address the energy resource scheduling, considering an intensive use of distributed generation and demand response contracts. A case study of a 30 kV real distribution network, including a substation with 6 feeders and 937 buses, is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. This network is managed by six virtual power players (VPP) with capability to manage the DER and the distribution network.
Registration by maximization of mutual information-a cross validation study

Mutual Information (MI), or relative entropy has been used as a similarity criterion in medical image registration. MI is a measure of the dispersive behavior of the joint histogram of geometrically related voxels' intensities in both images. This dispersion is assumed to be smaller when the images are aligned. Besides, no assumptions are made, before bringing images together or during MI calculation, regarding the nature of the relation between corresponding voxels. In this work the authors assess how the elaboration of joint histogram influences overall accuracy of maximization of MI registration method in unimodality and multimodality registration. For this purpose, across validation study is performed considering two other widespread registration algorithms: the SPM's registration package and multimodality AIR method. The correct elaboration of the joint histogram depends not only in the interpolation function used to resample the test image, but also in the re-scaling procedure used to fit images' values in the joint histogram and its subsequent update. The authors also evaluate if histogram's dimensions are important for overall accuracy.
Efficient location area planning for personal communication systems

A central problem in personal communication systems is to optimize bandwidth usage, while providing Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees to mobile users. Network mobility management, and in particular, location management, consumes a significant portion of bandwidth, which is a necessary overhead for supporting mobile users. We focus our efforts on minimizing this overhead. Unlike previous works, we concentrate on optimizing existing schemes, and so the algorithms we present are easily incorporated into current networks. We present the first polynomial time approximation algorithms for minimum bandwidth location management. In planar graphs, our algorithm provably generates a solution that uses no more than a constant factor more bandwidth than the optimal solution. In general graphs, our algorithm provably generates a solution that uses just a factor O (log n) more bandwidth than optimal where n is the number of base stations in the network. We show that, in practice, our algorithm produces near-optimal results and outperforms other schemes that are described in the literature. For the important case of the line graph, we present a polynomial-time optimal algorithm. Finally, we illustrate that our algorithm can also be used for optimizing the handoff mechanism.
The use of virtual microscopy for proficiency testing in gynecologic cytopathology: a feasibility study using ScanScope.

CONTEXT ScanScope software can digitize entire cytology slides. OBJECTIVE To test the feasibility of using virtual microscopy methods and "virtual Papanicolaou tests" for proficiency testing (PT) in gynecologic cytopathology. DESIGN Two PT exercises were conducted using virtual microscopy. Five cytopathologists and 1 cytotechnologist interpreted images using 2 different schema as follows: (1) the College of American Pathologists graded diagnostic codes (CAP-GDCs) and (2) the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services test scoring categories (CMS-TSCs). The number of diagnostic errors using the CAP-GDCs and the CMS-TSCs, the mean length of time spent diagnosing each case, and the impressions by the users regarding the facility of the technology and image quality were studied. RESULTS In the first PT exercise, the participants provided incorrect diagnoses in 4 to 8 of the 10 test cases using the CAP-GDCs and in 1 to 4 of the 10 test cases using the CMS-TSCs. In the second PT exercise, the number of errors decreased to 1 to 6 using the CAP-GDCs and to 0 to 6 using the CMS-TSCs. The results did not achieve statistical significance. The mean time of 9.4 minutes spent per case in the second PT exercise was significantly shorter than the 14.4 minutes spent per case in the first PT exercise (P < .001). The ease of use of the software and the image quality were scored by all participants as 3+ or as 4+. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study shows that virtual microscopy and virtual Papanicolaou tests prepared using ScanScope may provide effective tools for PT. Technical issues that require further investigation are discussed.