Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting Short Story Endings

Understanding complete stories is a challenging NLP task, which the Story Cloze benchmark aims to quantify. Previous approaches have tried to pick endings whose word representations, sentiment, characters, or thought-vectors are closest to the rest of the story. We propose a model for determining different types of story, and then predicting an ending based on how closely it corresponds to these story types.
Multimodal Image Coregistration and Partitioning—A Unified Framework

This paper presents a method for the coregistration and partitioning (i.e., tissue segmentation) of brain images that have been acquired in different modalities. The basic idea is that instead of matching two images directly, one performs intermediate within-modality registrations to two template images that are already in register. One can use a least-squares minimization to determine the affine transformations that map between the templates and the images. By incorporating suitable constraints, a rigid body transformation which directly maps between the images can be extracted from these more general affine transformations. A further refinement capitalizes on the implicit normalization of both images into a standard space. This facilitates segmentation or partitioning of both original images into homologous tissue classifications. Once partitioned, the partitions can be jointly matched, further increasing the accuracy of the coregistration. In short, these techniques reduce the between-modality problem to a series of simpler within-modality problems. These methods are relatively robust, address a number of problems in image transformations, and require no manual intervention.
EXPERIMENTING WITH RULE LEARNING FOR INFORMATION EXTRACTION FROM HTML

The Web is a continuously growing information repository with a rich semantic structure that spans many application areas. The Web, however, has been designed primarily for human consumption rather than automated processing. This is a major obstacle for automating tasks like information searching, filtering and extraction. In this context, the aim of the paper is to present a technique for learning rules to extract product information from HTML information sources that represent product information sheets. The technique exploits the fact that the Web pages that represent product information of a certain producer are generated on the fly from the producer database and therefore they exhibit uniform structures. Consequently, while the extraction task is executed manually for a few information items by a human user, a general-purpose inductive learner can learn extraction rules that will be further applied to the current and other product information sheets to automatically extract other items. The input to the learning algorithm is a relational description of the HTML document tree that defines the HTML tree nodes types and the relationships between them. The approach is demonstrated with appropriate examples, experimental results, and software tools.
Electrical properties of wood Determination of ionic transference numbers and electroosmotic water flow in PinussylvestrisL. (Scots pine)

A novel technique has been developed for measuring the electrical transport of ions and of water through natural materials when a dc electric field is applied across them. The material studied was green sapwood of Pinussylvestris L. (Scots pine). By means of a special cell the processes at the wood/solution interfaces were separated from those at the solution/electrode interfaces. Analyses of the electrode compartment solutions after the passage of known numbers of coulombs yielded the relative transference numbers of ions in the wood. Horizontal capillaries in the two electrode compartments enabled equal hydrostatic pressure to be maintained across the cell and allowed the simultaneous measurement of the electroosmotic water flow. This provided a value for the zeta potential of the green sapwood.The experiments showed electroosmotic water flow and ionic migration to be independent processes. The endogenous inorganic current carriers in the samples decreased in the sequence K+, Ca2+>Mg2+>Na+>NH4+, Cl-, SO42- and values were obtained for the hindered conductances of the major ionic carriers. The results are consistent with a cation-exchange model for the wood.
A new approach to segment and detect syllables from high-speed speech

In this paper, we present a novel method to detect sound onsets and offsets, and apply it to detect and segment syllables from high-speed speech according to the Mandarin characteristic. Our system detects onsets and offsets in 8 frequency bands by a two-layer integrate-and-fire neural network. The continuous speech is segmented based on the timing of onsets and offsets. And the energy is used as another cue to locate the segmentation point. In order to improve the accuracy of segmenting, we introduce three time constraints by defining three refractory periods of neurons, which make syllable length no less than the minimum. Although the boundaries between syllables in high-speed speech are not salient, our system can still segment individual syllables from speech robustly and accurately.
Pathogenic Importance of Cysteinyl Leukotrienes in Development of Gastric Lesions Induced by Ischemia/Reperfusion in Mice

We examined the role of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) in the gastric ulcerogenic response to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice. Experiments were performed in male C57BL/6J mice after 18-h fasting. Under urethane anesthesia, the celiac artery was clamped for 30 min, and then reperfusion was achieved by removing the clamp. The stomach was examined for lesions 60 min thereafter. The severity of I/R-induced gastric damage was reduced by prior administration of pranlukast [CysLT receptor type 1 (CysLT1R) antagonist] as well as 1-[[5′-(3″-methoxy-4″-ethoxycarbonyl-oxyphenyl)-2′,4′-pentadienoyl]aminoethyl]-4-diphenylmethoxypiperidine [TMK688; 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor]. On the contrary, these lesions were markedly worsened by pretreatment with indomethacin, and this response was abrogated by the coadministration of TMK688 or pranlukast. The gene expression of CysLT1R but not 5-LOX was up-regulated in the stomach after I/R, but both expressions were increased under I/R in the presence of indomethacin. I/R slightly increased the mucosal CysLT content of the stomach, yet this increase was markedly enhanced when the animals were pretreated with indomethacin. The increased CysLT biosynthetic response to indomethacin during I/R was attenuated by TMK688. Indomethacin alone caused a slight increase of CysLT1R expression and markedly up-regulated 5-LOX expression in the stomach. We concluded that I/R up-regulated the expression of CysLT1R in the stomach; CysLTs play a role in the pathogenesis of I/R-induced gastric damage through the activation of CysLT1R; and the aggravation by indomethacin of these lesions may be brought about by the increase of CysLT production and the up-regulation of 5-LOX expression, in addition to the decreased prostaglandin production.
Feature Driven and Point Process Approaches for Popularity Prediction

Predicting popularity, or the total volume of information outbreaks, is an important subproblem for understanding collective behavior in networks. Each of the two main types of recent approaches to the problem, feature-driven and generative models, have desired qualities and clear limitations. This paper bridges the gap between these solutions with a new hybrid approach and a new performance benchmark. We model each social cascade with a marked Hawkes self-exciting point process, and estimate the content virality, memory decay, and user influence. We then learn a predictive layer for popularity prediction using a collection of cascade history. To our surprise, Hawkes process with a predictive overlay outperform recent feature-driven and generative approaches on existing tweet data [44] and a new public benchmark on news tweets. We also found that a basic set of user features and event time summary statistics performs competitively in both classification and regression tasks, and that adding point process information to the feature set further improves predictions. From these observations, we argue that future work on popularity prediction should compare across feature-driven and generative modeling approaches in both classification and regression tasks.
Retention of biological activity and near-infrared absorbance upon adsorption of horseradish peroxidase on single-walled carbon nanotubes

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the adsorption of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using the sodium cholate suspension–dialysis method and to determine the effect of HRP adsorption on the biological activity of HRP and the UV–vis–NIR spectra of the SNWTs. The results indicate that this method results in a stable SWNT–protein suspension with complete retention of enzymatic activity of adsorbed HRP and also retention of a substantial fraction of the NIR absorption at 980 nm. The loading of protein on the SWNTs is high, and the overall yield of preparing the SWNT–protein suspension is also high. This process is promising for preparing SWNT–protein suspensions for biological applications where maintaining protein activity and SWNT absorption are important.
Emotions at Work: Leader Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities to Enhance Soldier Performance

Abstract : Every context and situation has the potential to evoke an emotional response in a Soldier; such emotions may include happiness, boredom, anxiety, and fear. Success in dealing with these situations requires that Army leaders leverage the emotional properties of a situation to exert influence on one or more Soldiers in order to attain a desired outcome. Army leaders, however, receive little training in this area. Neither the Army Leadership Field Manual (U.S. Department of the Army FM 6-22, 2006) nor the psychology research literature provides detailed guidance regarding the trainable attributes needed to manage emotions in self and others. The purpose of this Phase I STTR work was to compile and synthesize research from various domains in order to better understand the nature of emotional management and the attributes that predict it. This report outlines specific knowledge, skills, abilities, and other capabilities that predict leaders? success in executing eight categories (i.e., dimensions) of emotion management behaviors, which are posited to impact proximal' outcomes and, in turn, ultimate outcomes. Implications for the U.S. Army are discussed.
The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Why Does Gaze Enhance Mimicry? Placing Gaze-mimicry Effects in Relation to Other Gaze Phenomena

To cite this article: The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2013): Why does gaze enhance mimicry? Placing gaze-mimicry effects in relation to other gaze phenomena, The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the " Content ") contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.
The Case for Explicit Coupling Constraints

A software element dened in one place is typically used in many places. When it is changed, all its occurrences may need to be changed too, which can severely hinder software evolution. A general approach to this problem consists in avoiding to make elements depend on elements which change more rapidly and rather make them depend on more stable abstractions. Encapsulation is a special case of this approach and is supported, in various forms, by most modern programming languages. Unfortunately, as is shown in this paper, this is not enough to express all the constraints that are needed to decouple programming elements that evolve at dierent paces. In this paper we show that: A language can be dened to easily express very general coupling constraints. Violations to these constraints can be detected automatically. We then demonstrate several places where the need for coupling constraints arose in open-source Java projects. These constraints were expressed in comments when explicit constraints would have enabled automatic treatment.
Discovery of complex behaviors through contact-invariant optimization

We present a motion synthesis framework capable of producing a wide variety of important human behaviors that have rarely been studied, including getting up from the ground, crawling, climbing, moving heavy objects, acrobatics (hand-stands in particular), and various cooperative actions involving two characters and their manipulation of the environment. Our framework is not specific to humans, but applies to characters of arbitrary morphology and limb configuration. The approach is fully automatic and does not require domain knowledge specific to each behavior. It also does not require pre-existing examples or motion capture data. At the core of our framework is the contact-invariant optimization (CIO) method we introduce here. It enables simultaneous optimization of contact and behavior. This is done by augmenting the search space with scalar variables that indicate whether a potential contact should be active in a given phase of the movement. These auxiliary variables affect not only the cost function but also the dynamics (by enabling and disabling contact forces), and are optimized together with the movement trajectory. Additional innovations include a continuation scheme allowing helper forces at the potential contacts rather than the torso, as well as a feature-based model of physics which is particularly well-suited to the CIO framework. We expect that CIO can also be used with a full physics model, but leave that extension for future work.
What Do Serious Games Developers Search Online? A Study of GameDev StackExchange

The interest in serious games (SG) has grown very fast in the last decade. Yet the research community rarely studies SG and the challenges SG developers are facing while creating games that should educate, train, and inform players. In this research, we use Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model to analyze a popular Q&A site (Game Dev StackExchange) in order to understand the thoughts and needs of SG developers. We analyze the most active and popular topics about SG development. Our study reveals that SG developers’ needs are very diverse, ranging widely from simple script code to simulate 3D learning environments, over best practices to design educational games for specific target groups, to features that can increase the player’s motivation and learning outcomes.
Influence of growth media on Escherichia coli cell composition and ceftazidime susceptibility

Cell composition and surface properties of Escherichia coli were modified by using various growth media to investigate the role of yet uncharacterized components in ceftazidime susceptibility. An eightfold dilution of Luria broth was used as the basic growth medium and was supplemented with up to 4% phosphate, 5% glucose, or 12% L-glutamate. Decreases in cephaloridine and ceftazidime susceptibility, of two- and eightfold, respectively, were observed only in the glucose-enriched medium. The outer membrane permeability to ceftazidime and cephaloridine was evaluated by crypticity indices. Indices were unchanged under all growth conditions. Fluorometry of whole cells with 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine showed that glucose does not affect the interaction of this hydrophobic probe with the membranes but showed that elevated concentrations of phosphate or glutamate cause a marked increase in cell hydrophobicity, which, in turn, correlates with an increase in the susceptibility of E. coli to nalidixic acid. Growth in phosphate- or glutamate-enriched media caused an augmentation in major phospholipid species and may explain the increased hydrophobicity and susceptibility of E. coli to nalidixic acid. These data showed that E. coli susceptibility to ceftazidime is not influenced by cell surface hydrophobicity and suggested that the contribution of a nonspecific lipophilic diffusion route for entry of ceftazidime into cells is not likely to occur or is distinct from that of more hydrophobic molecules such as nalidixic acid. Finally, the penicillin-binding proteins of the E. coli cells were also investigated. Penicillin-binding protein 8 was only markedly labeled with 125I-penicillin V in inner membranes extracted from cells grown with glucose. Results of this study suggest that the unexpected change in penicillin-binding protein 8 observed in the presence of glucose may be responsible for the increase in MICs of cephaloridine and ceftazidime.
Muon-Induced Soft Errors in SRAM Circuits in the Terrestrial Environment

Muon-induced soft errors are an increasing concern with technology scaling. However, the impact of terrestrial muons to the failure rate of circuits is unclear as methodologies have not yet been developed to extrapolate from accelerated measurements to the terrestrial environment. We introduce a new method to estimate muon-induced soft error rates (SERs) in SRAM devices by equating the muon energy spectrum with an alpha particle energy spectrum with an equivalent LET. Using this method, we estimate that, in the terrestrial environment, a muon-induced SER is smaller than that from packaging-related alpha particle and cosmic ray neutron components. FinFET SRAM devices will show a much reduced muon SER compared with planar transistors due to the minimization of charge collection associated with the fin geometry.
Serology Enhances Molecular Diagnosis of Respiratory Virus Infections Other than Influenza in Children and Adults Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Pneumonia

ABSTRACT Both molecular and serological assays have been used previously to determine the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, the extent to which these methods are correlated and the added diagnostic value of serology for respiratory viruses other than influenza virus have not been fully evaluated. Using data from patients enrolled in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Etiology of Pneumonia in the Community (EPIC) study, we compared real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and serology for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), parainfluenza virus 1 to 3 (PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3), and adenovirus (AdV) infections. Of 5,126 patients enrolled, RT-PCR and serology test results were available for 2,023, including 1,087 children below the age of 18 years and 936 adults. For RSV, 287 (14.2%) patients were positive by RT-PCR and 234 (11.6%) were positive by serology; for HMPV, 172 (8.5%) tested positive by RT-PCR and 147 (7.3%) by serology; for the PIVs, 94 (4.6%) tested positive by RT-PCR and 92 (4.6%) by serology; and for AdV, 111 (5.5%) tested positive by RT-PCR and 62 (3.1%) by serology. RT-PCR provided the highest number of positive detections overall, but serology increased diagnostic yield for RSV (by 11.8%), HMPV (by 25.0%), AdV (by 32.4%), and PIV (by 48.9%). The method concordance estimated by Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) ranged from good (for RSV; κ = 0.73) to fair (for AdV; κ = 0.27). Heterotypic seroresponses observed between PIVs and persistent low-level AdV shedding may account for the higher method discordance observed with each of these viruses. Serology can be a helpful adjunct to RT-PCR for research-based assessment of the etiologic contribution of respiratory viruses other than influenza virus to CAP.
Ovine Paratuberculosis: A Seroprevalence Study in Dairy Flocks Reared in the Marche Region, Italy

In order to fulfil the seroprevalence gap on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in ovine dairy farms of Marche region (central Italy), a stratified study was carried out on 2086 adult female sheep randomly chosen from 38 herds selected in Ancona and Macerata provinces. 73.7% flocks resulted infected by a commercial ELISA test (Pourquier, France), with a mean seroprevalence of 6.29% of sampled sheep in both provinces. A higher number of MAP seropositive ewes was recorded in the large herds' consistence than in the small and medium herds' consistence (P = 0.0269), and a greater percentage of infected sheep was obtained among female at early/late than in peak lactation stage (P = 0.0237). MAP infection was confirmed in 12.6% of infected farms by faecal culture. The true sheep-level seroprevalence was 15.1% ± 7.3%.
Transmission of Vertical Whole Body Vibration to the Human Body

According to experimental studies, low‐amplitude high‐frequency vibration is anabolic to bone tissue, whereas in clinical trials, the bone effects have varied. Given the potential of whole body vibration in bone training, this study aimed at exploring the transmission of vertical sinusoidal vibration to the human body over a wide range of applicable amplitudes (from 0.05 to 3 mm) and frequencies (from 10 to 90 Hz). Vibration‐induced accelerations were assessed with skin‐mounted triaxial accelerometers at the ankle, knee, hip, and lumbar spine in four males standing on a high‐performance vibration platform. Peak vertical accelerations of the platform covered a range from 0.04 to 19 in units of G (Earth's gravitational constant). Substantial amplification of peak acceleration could occur between 10 and 40 Hz for the ankle, 10 and 25 Hz for the knee, 10 and 20 Hz for the hip, and at 10 Hz for the spine. Beyond these frequencies, the transmitted vibration power declined to 1/10th−1/1000th of the power delivered by the platform. Transmission of vibration to the body is a complicated phenomenon because of nonlinearities in the human musculoskeletal system. These results may assist in estimating how the transmission of vibration‐induced accelerations to body segments is modified by amplitude and frequency and how well the sinusoidal waveform is maintained. Although the attenuation of vertical vibration at higher frequencies is fortunate from the aspect of safety, amplitudes >0.5 mm may result in greater peak accelerations than imposed at the platform and thus pose a potential hazard for the fragile musculoskeletal system.