Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acquisition of English Number Marking: The Singular-Plural Distinction

We present data from a preferential looking method to investigate when infants have mapped singular and plural markers in English onto the semantic distinction between singleton sets and sets with more than 1 individual. Twenty- to 36-month-old children heard sentences that marked number in 1 of 2 ways: (a) redundantly with verb morphology, lexical quantifiers, and noun morphology ("Look, there ARE SOME blicketS"/"Look, there IS A blicket") or (b) only with noun morphology ("Look at the blicketS"/"Look at the blicket"). Twenty-four-month-old infants, but not 20-month-old infants, looked at the screen that matched the carrier sentence with respect to singular-plural distinction when number was expressed on the verb, on the noun, and with quantifiers. Detailed looking-time analyses suggest that the arrays begin to be differentiated on the child's hearing are or is. Twenty-four-month-olds failed when number was marked on the noun alone, whereas 36-month-olds succeeded in this condition. These data suggest that infants first come to understand the semantic force of the singular-plural distinction in the months just before their 2nd birthday and that the 1st linguistic expressions of the distinction they understand are on verbs and perhaps on quantifiers.
Factors Influencing Menarcheal Age: Results From the Cohort of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Background: Menarche is considered as a milestone in the women’s reproductive life. Most existing studies on factors influencing menarcheal age had cross-sectional designs and their finding were controversial. Objectives: We aimed to determine some factors affecting the age at menarche in a cohort study with an average of ten-year follow-up; the study was conducted within the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the present study, we recruited all the females aged 12 to 18 years participated in TLGS whose menarche had not begun at the initiation of the study, but occurred during their follow-up. The effect of premenarcheal status of various factors including socioeconomic and anthropometric parameters, physical activity, energy expenditure, and exposure to tobacco smoke on menarcheal age was explored. Results: The mean of age at menarche was 13.06 ± 1.24 years. There were significant statistical associations between age of the participants’ mothers at menarche (r = 0.66, P < 0.001), maternal education (r = -0.04, P = 0.002), and body mass index (BMI) before menarcheal (r = 0.25, P = 0.027) with age at menarche. There was no significant correlation between age at menarche, with either of maternal employment, premenarcheal physical activity, energy expenditure, and passive smoking. Conclusions: Among various factor influencing menarcheal age, premenarcheal BMI is modifiable, and considering its significance, could prevent early or late menarches.
Ethnic Entrepreneurship in Australia

This paper explores the historical and contemporary dimensions of immigrant self-employment and entrepreneurship in Australia. In doing so it draws on the growing literature on immigrant entrepreneurship in Australia and the literature on the impact of globalisation on western economies. The paper presents a brief history of the important role of immigrant entrepreneurship and self-employment in Australia before presenting 1996 census data on rates of immigrant selfemployment by gender and by generation. The paper then summarizes the key findings of the Australian research into immigrant self-employment, with a particular emphasis on the ways that the immigrant self-employed in Australia draw on class resources and ethnic resources. It ends by arguing that theories of immigrant self-employment must focus on two key, interrelated, aspects. First, the ways that ethnicity, gender and social class interact through a complex, uneven and changing lens of racialisation. Second, the important role of the way in which the processes of globalisation and the state responses to it shapes different patterns of the embeddedness of immigrants and, in turn, their opportunities as entrepreneurs and wage labourers.
Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention.

BACKGROUND In patients with multivessel coronary artery disease who are undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary angiography is the standard method for guiding the placement of the stent. It is unclear whether routine measurement of fractional flow reserve (FFR; the ratio of maximal blood flow in a stenotic artery to normal maximal flow), in addition to angiography, improves outcomes. METHODS In 20 medical centers in the United States and Europe, we randomly assigned 1005 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease to undergo PCI with implantation of drug-eluting stents guided by angiography alone or guided by FFR measurements in addition to angiography. Before randomization, lesions requiring PCI were identified on the basis of their angiographic appearance. Patients assigned to angiography-guided PCI underwent stenting of all indicated lesions, whereas those assigned to FFR-guided PCI underwent stenting of indicated lesions only if the FFR was 0.80 or less. The primary end point was the rate of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization at 1 year. RESULTS The mean (+/-SD) number of indicated lesions per patient was 2.7+/-0.9 in the angiography group and 2.8+/-1.0 in the FFR group (P=0.34). The number of stents used per patient was 2.7+/-1.2 and 1.9+/-1.3, respectively (P<0.001). The 1-year event rate was 18.3% (91 patients) in the angiography group and 13.2% (67 patients) in the FFR group (P=0.02). Seventy-eight percent of the patients in the angiography group were free from angina at 1 year, as compared with 81% of patients in the FFR group (P=0.20). CONCLUSIONS Routine measurement of FFR in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease who are undergoing PCI with drug-eluting stents significantly reduces the rate of the composite end point of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization at 1 year. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00267774.)
Cooperative spectrum sensing for cognitive radio vehicular ad hoc networks: An overview and open research issues

Cognitive Radio Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (CR-VANETs) utilize CR technology to increase frequency bandwidth for vehicular communications. Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (CSS) exploits spatial and temporal diversity for fast and accurate detection of Primary Users (PUs). This paper provides an overview of CSS techniques for CR-VANETs. We review state of the art CSS techniques proposed in literature highlighting their advantages, implementation challenges, and overhead. We then discuss open research issues and future directions, with emphasis on security threats as well as the control and coordination traffic overhead.
Gestational Dietary Protein Is Associated with Sex Specific Decrease in Blood Flow, Fetal Heart Growth and Post-Natal Blood Pressure of Progeny

Study Overview The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes is higher in pregnancies where the fetus is male. Sex specific differences in feto-placental perfusion indices identified by Doppler assessment have recently been associated with placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction. This study aims to investigate sex specific differences in placental perfusion and to correlate these changes with fetal growth. It represents the largest comprehensive study under field conditions of uterine hemodynamics in a monotocous species, with a similar long gestation period to the human. Primiparous 14mo heifers in Australia (n=360) and UK (n=180) were either individually or group fed, respectively, diets with differing protein content (18, 14, 10 or 7% crude protein (CP)) from 60d prior to 98 days post conception (dpc). Fetuses and placentae were excised at 98dpc (n = 48). Fetal development an median uterine artery blood flow were assessed monthly from 36dpc until term using B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography. MUA blood flow to the male feto-placental unit increased in early pregnancy associated with increased fetal growth. Protein restriction before and shortly after conception (-60d up to 23dpc) increased MUA diameter and indices of velocity during late pregnancy, reduced fetal heart weight in the female fetus and increased heart rate at birth, but decreased systolic blood pressure at six months of age. Conclusion and Significance Sex specific differences both in feto-placental Doppler perfusion indices and response of these indices to dietary perturbations were observed. Further, maternal diet affected development of fetal cardiovascular system associated with altered fetal haemodynamics in utero, with such effects having a sex bias. The results from this study provide further insight into the gender specific circulatory differences present in the fetal period and developing cardiovascular system.
Deep Multimodal Hashing with Orthogonal Units

Hashing is an important method for performing efficient similarity search. With the explosive growth of multimodal data, how to learn hashing-based compact representations for multimodal data becomes highly non-trivial. Compared with shallowstructured models, deep models present superiority in capturing multimodal correlations due to their high nonlinearity. However, in order to make the learned representation more accurate and compact, how to reduce the redundant information lying in the multimodal representations and incorporate different complexities of different modalities in the deep models is still an open problem. In this paper, we propose a novel deep multimodal hashing method, namely Deep Multimodal Hashing with Orthogonal Regularization (DMHOR), which fully exploits intra-modality and inter-modality correlations. In particular, to reduce redundant information, we impose orthogonal regularizer on the weighting matrices of the model, and theoretically prove that the learned representation is guaranteed to be approximately orthogonal. Moreover, we find that a better representation can be attained with different numbers of layers for different modalities, due to their different complexities. Comprehensive experiments on WIKI and NUS-WIDE, demonstrate a substantial gain of DMHOR compared with state-of-the-art methods.
Minimal Invasive Ventilations Systems with Heat Recovery for Historic Buildings

This paper shows three solutions for integration of ventilation systems with heat recovery in historic buildings with special focus on school buildings. With respect to the cultural heritage, systems with minimal impact (maximum reversibility) for the architecture and structure of the building are needed. In case of decentralized systems, the ductwork can be minimized by wall integrated heat recovery units, whereas for central systems, a horizontal air distribution in the attic combined with vertical ducts was found to be the minimal invasive solution best suited for listed
A 2.48Gb/s QC-LDPC Decoder Implementation on the NI USRP-2953R

The increasing data rates expected to be of the order of Gb/s for future wireless systems directly impact the throughput requirements of the modulation and coding subsystems of the physical layer. In an effort to design a suitable channel coding solution for 5G wireless systems, in this brief we present a massively-parallel 2.48Gb/s Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check (QC-LDPC) decoder implementation operating at 200MHz on the NI USRP-2953R, on a single FPGA. The high-level description of the entire massively-parallel decoder was translated to a Hardware Description Language (HDL), namely VHDL, using the algorithmic compiler in the National Instruments LabVIEW Communication System Design Suite (CSDS) in approximately 2 minutes. This implementation not only demonstrates the scalability of our decoder architecture but also, the rapid prototyping capability of the LabVIEW CSDS tools. As per our knowledge, at the time of writing this paper, this is the fastest implementation of a standard compliant QC-LDPC decoder on a USRP using an algorithmic compiler.
Co-MLM: A SSL Algorithm Based on the Minimal Learning Machine

Semi-supervised learning is a challenging topic in machine learning that has attracted much attention in recent years. The availability of huge volumes of data and the work necessary to label all these data are two of the reasons that can explain this interest. Among the various methods for semi-supervised learning, the co-training framework has become popular due to its simple formulation and promising results. In this work, we propose Co-MLM, a semi-supervised learning algorithm based on a recently supervised method named Minimal Learning Machine (MLM), built upon co-training framework. Experiments on UCI data sets showed that Co-MLM has promising performance in compared to other co-training style algorithms.
Arginase 1 Regulation of Nitric Oxide Production Is Key to Survival of Trophic Factor-Deprived Motor Neurons

When deprived of trophic factors, the majority of cultured motor neurons undergo nitric oxide-dependent apoptosis. However, for reasons that have remained unclear, 30–50% of the motor neurons survive for several days without trophic factors. Here we hypothesize that the resistance of this motor neuron subpopulation to trophic factor deprivation can be attributed to diminished nitric oxide production resulting from the activity of the arginine-degrading enzyme arginase. When incubated with nor-NG-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine (NOHA), the normally resistant trophic factor-deprived motor neurons showed a drop in survival rates, whereas trophic factor-treated neurons did not. NOHA-induced motor neuron death was inhibited by blocking nitric oxide synthesis and the scavenging of superoxide and peroxynitrite, suggesting that peroxynitrite mediates NOHA toxicity. When we transfected arginase 1 into motor neurons to see whether it alone could abrogate trophic factor deprivation-induced death, we found that its forced expression did indeed do so. The protection afforded by arginase 1 expression is reversed when cells are incubated with NOHA or with low concentrations of nitric oxide. These results reveal that arginase acts as a central regulator of trophic factor-deprived motor neuron survival by suppressing nitric oxide production and the consequent peroxynitrite toxicity. They also suggest that the resistance of motor neuron subpopulations to trophic factor deprivation may result from increased arginase activity.
Autm Licensing Survey: Fy 2003 Survey Summary

This annual survey by The Association ofUniversity Technology Managers is a summary of technology licensing and related performance information for United States and Canadian academic and non profit institutions, and a few patent management and investment firms, for the fiscalyear 2003. Quantitative information from AUTM members using the AUTM Licensing Survey instrument is presented. In a change from previous reports, survey results arepresented separately for the 198 United States and 37 Canadian universities,hospitals, institutes and technology investment firms responding. Presenting two country reports highlights the distinct conditions, challenges, and opportunities of the two countries. In each country report,results are summarized following the order of the technology transfer process: resources devoted to technology transfer, research support, invention disclosures, patent applications, issued patents, licensing information, and startup companies. Expanded in this year's report is discussion of the ultimate goal ofacademic and nonprofit technology transfer; included are summaries of 25 technology transfer success stories in the United States (16) and Canada (9),most of which are health-care related. The results indicate the long-termnature of technology transfer and short-term impacts of economic conditions. Academic technology transfer continues adapting to difficult early-stagefinancial market conditions occurring since the stock market collapse of early2000. Rate of spinout creation declined and companies went out of business at anhistorically high rate. But overall technology transfer continues toadvance. The highlighting of Canada shows how differently technology transfer is practiced there; Canadian performance measure for 2003 out pacedthose in the United States. Appendices include survey methodology, definitions, the survey form, and survey totals for U.S. and Canadian institutions. (JSD/TNM)
DeepText: A Unified Framework for Text Proposal Generation and Text Detection in Natural Images

In this paper, we develop a novel unified framework called DeepText for text region proposal generation and text detection in natural images via a fully convolutional neural network (CNN). First, we propose the inception region proposal network (Inception-RPN) and design a set of text characteristic prior bounding boxes to achieve high word recall with only hundred level candidate proposals. Next, we present a powerful textdetection network that embeds ambiguous text category (ATC) information and multilevel region-of-interest pooling (MLRP) for text and non-text classification and accurate localization. Finally, we apply an iterative bounding box voting scheme to pursue high recall in a complementary manner and introduce a filtering algorithm to retain the most suitable bounding box, while removing redundant inner and outer boxes for each text instance. Our approach achieves an F-measure of 0.83 and 0.85 on the ICDAR 2011 and 2013 robust text detection benchmarks, outperforming previous state-of-the-art results.
Time-course and mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity in layers 2/3 and 5 of the barrel cortex

Recent studies have shown that ocular dominance plasticity in layer 2/3 of the visual cortex exhibits a form of homeostatic plasticity that is related to synaptic scaling and depends on TNFα. In this study, we tested whether a similar form of plasticity was present in layer 2/3 of the barrel cortex and, therefore, whether the mechanism was likely to be a general property of cortical neurons. We found that whisker deprivation could induce homeostatic plasticity in layer 2/3 of barrel cortex, but not in a mouse strain lacking synaptic scaling. The time-course of homeostatic plasticity in layer 2/3 was similar to that of L5 regular spiking (RS) neurons (L5RS), but slower than that of L5 intrinsic bursting (IB) neurons (L5IB). In layer 5, the strength of evoked whisker responses and ex vivo miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSCs) amplitudes showed an identical time-course for homeostatic plasticity, implying that plasticity at excitatory synapses contacting layer 5 neurons is sufficient to explain the changes in evoked responses. Spontaneous firing rate also showed homeostatic behaviour for L5IB cells, but was absent for L5RS cells over the time-course studied. Spontaneous firing rate homeostasis was found to be independent of evoked response homeostasis suggesting that the two depend on different mechanisms. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Integrating Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity’.
REPUTATION OF INTELLECTUAL INFERIORITY UNDERMINES MEMORY EFFICIENCY AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

Can a group reputation of intellectual inferiority interfere with memory efficiency? Students targeted by a stereotype of lower ability had to memorize letter-number pairs (C-49) in a task presented either as a test of learning ability (diagnostic condition) or as a laboratory exercise (non diagnostic condition). The difficulty of the task was manipulated through the time available to memorize the material. Results showed that when the task was difficult, students under the diagnostic condition performed worse than students under the non-diagnostic condition. When the task was easy, the reverse pattern was observed. The implications of this finding are discussed.
Computing adaptive backstepping control law using computer algebra systems

The backstepping-based adaptive tuning functions design is a recursive control scheme for uncertain systems that ensures reasonably good stability and performance properties of the dosed loop. However, the complexity of the control algorithm makes inevitable the use of digital computers to perform the calculation of the control law. To this end, we use the computer algebra system namely Maple. The symbolic manipulation of Maple provides an excellent platform to derive this recursive algorithm
High-Performance, Energy-Efficient Mobile Wireless Networking in 802.11 Infrastructure Mode

A plethora of mobile wireless networking approaches, from multi-hop infrastructure-less networking to mobile offloading and crowd sourcing, relies on establishing communication directly between devices. However, the 802.11 ad-hoc mode, as the designated technological means to realize device-to-device communication, suffers from missing support by vendors and operating system and lacks 802.11 functionality support. If at all, mobile wireless networking approaches reach a very low number of compatible devices and have to tolerate low network performance, deprecated WEP network security, and a lack of energy saving mechanisms. Eventually, this lack of a technological basis prevents the timely and beneficial real-world adoption of mobile networking. We thus propose such a basis in MA-Fi, multi-hop mobile networking using the 802.11 infrastructure mode. Building on comprehensive vendor and device support, MA-Fi realizes 802.11n performance, WPA2 security, and efficient energy saving mechanisms in ubiquitously compatible, mobile 802.11 infrastructure mode networks. Specifically, MA-Fi uses network virtualization to establish a two-tiered network topology that seamlessly incorporates legacy Wi-Fi devices. In comparison to the ad-hoc mode, MA-Fi achieves throughput of up to 340% while reducing the network-wide energy consumption by up to 75%.
Grid resource management for data mining applications

Emerging data mining applications in science, engineering and other sectors increasingly exploit large and distributed data sources as well as computationally intensive algorithms. Adapting such applications to grid computing environments has implications for grid resource brokering. A grid resource broker supporting such applications needs to provide eective and ecient job scheduling, execution and monitoring. Furthermore, to be useable by domain-oriented end users and to be able to evolve gracefully with emerging grid technology, it should hide the underlying complexity of the grid from such users and be compliant with important grid standards and technology. The DataMiningGrid Resource Broker was designed to meet these requirements. This paper presents the DataMiningGrid Resource Broker and the results from evaluating it in a European-wide test bed.
Multi-resolution and slice-oriented feature extraction and segmentation of digitized data

Given an object digitized as sequences of scan lines, we propose an approach to the extraction of feature lines and object segmentation based on a multi-resolution representation and analysis of the scan data. First, the scan lines are represented using a multi-resolution model which provides a flexible and useful reorganization of the data for simplification purposes and especially for the classification of points according to their level of detail, or scale. Then, scan lines are analyzed from a geometrical point of view in order to decompose each profile into basic patterns which identify 2D features of the profile. Merging the scale and geometric classification, 3D feature lines of the digitized object are reconstructed tracking patterns of similar shape across profiles. Finally, a segmentation is achieved which gives a form-feature oriented view of the digitized data. The proposed approach provides a computationally light solution to the simplification of large models and to the segmentation of object digitized as sequences of scan lines, but it can be applied to a wider range of digitized data.