Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determining the range of the active and reactive power in AC interval parameter circuits

In a recent paper [1], an efficient interval method for determining the range of the power consumption in linear dc interval parameter circuits has been suggested. The method reduces to solving an associated interval linear programming problem. It has been shown that its numerical complexity is not a priori exponential: if certain sufficient conditions are valid, it is, in fact, polynomial. Numerical evidence indicates that the method suggested can be an alternative to the widely used Monte-Carlo method since the former method provides exact (within rounding errors) results or tight outer approximations for lesser computation times.
Current Practices by Forensic Anthropologists in Adult Skeletal Age Estimation *

Abstract: When determining an age estimate from adult skeletal remains, forensic anthropologists face a series of methodological choices. These decisions, such as which skeletal region to evaluate, which methods to apply, what statistical information to use, and how to combine information from multiple methods, ultimately impacts the final reported age estimate. In this study, a questionnaire was administered to 145 forensic anthropologists, documenting current trends in adult age at death estimation procedures used throughout the field. Results indicate that the Suchey‐Brooks pubic symphysis method (1990) remains the most highly favored aging technique, with cranial sutures and dental wear being the least preferred, regardless of experience. The majority of respondents stated that they vary their skeletal age estimate process case‐by‐case and ultimately present to officials both a narrow and broad possible age range. Overall, respondents displayed a very high degree of variation in how they generate their age estimates, and indicated that experience and expertise play a large role in skeletal age estimates.
Proficient Character Recognition from Images

Reading text from photographs is a challenging problem that has received a significant amount of attention. Two key components of most systems are (i) text detection from images and (ii) text recognition, and many methods have been introduced to design better feature representations and models for both. Scene text recognition has gained significant attention from the computer vision community in recent years. Recognizing text is a difficult problem, even more so than the detection of scanned documents. To evaluate the performance of recent algorithms in detecting and recognizing text from complex images, In this proposed paper implement two method text detection and text recognition . The features extractors are Harris-Corner, Maximal Stable Extremal Regions (MSER), and dense sampling and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) descriptors. Then implement text recognition. The first one is training a character recognizer to predict the category of a character in an image patch. The second one is training a binary character classifier for each character class to predict the existence of this category in an image patch. The two schemes are compatible with two promising applications related to scene text, which are text understanding and text retrieval. Further we extend this concept with word level recognition with lexicon techniques with accurate results. And also recognition text in real time images, videos and mobile application images.
Microstructural Analysis of Fly Ash-Based Stabilizer for Track Bed

This article is related to the unique application of fly ash-based stabilizer in the track bed of a railway line. In detail, it is focused on following analysis methods of samples structure and properties. The long-term observation of the stabilizer layer is based on the periodical sampling which is done once per year for the following compression strength test. Results collected over one decade showed the increasing tendency of the compression strength which is attributed to formatting the C-A-S-H gel. It is assumed it is done within structural conversion caused by the alkali activation of aluminosilicate components. This phenomenon was proved using electron microscopy. The statistical analysis of the compression strength resulted significant deviations the presence of which may be based on grains, poor stirring the mixture during placing, predisposed surfaces or micro cracks created during sampling in the railway track bed. The main outcomes of the paper are findings from non-destructive methods of Micro-CT and of electron microscopy, which were performed on specimens for the purpose of displaying their microstructure and identifying non-homogeneities of the specimens.
Construct validity of the adolescent borderline personality disorder: a review.

INTRODUCTION Although the term borderline personality disorder (BPD) is used to describe adolescents in clinical settings, there is confusion as to what it comprises. To further elucidate that diagnosis, this article reviews its construct validity. METHOD Relevant publications appearing in PsychInfo (1872 to present) were reviewed for the purposes of this article. RESULTS Thirty-six of the approximately sixty-five publications selected for consideration were included in this review. CONCLUSION The construct validity of adolescent BPD is supported by internal consistency (comparable to that of adults), group differences (ie this diagnosis segregates BPD from non-BPD adolescents), convergent validity (ie multiple measures of this disorder measure the same pathology) and concurrent validity, whereby these youth manifest functional impairment and distress. By contrast, the adolescent BPD criteria manifest less construct validity than the adult diagnosis in that its criteria did not uniformly predict the overall diagnosis, and showed more criterion overlap with other personality disorders and a broader pattern of axis II comorbidity. Further diminishing its construct validity, factor analysis suggested that adolescent BPD was not a single entity, and its low predictive validity was demonstrated by little diagnostic stability through adolescence into adulthood.
A New Scoring System to Predict Recurrent Disease in Grade 1 and 2 Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Objective:The aim of this study was to predict recurrence in patients with grade 1 or 2 nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-pNET) after curative resection. Background:Surgical resection is the preferred treatment for NF-pNET; however, recurrence occurs frequently after curative surgery, worsening prognosis of patients. Methods:Retrospectively, patients with NF-pNET of 3 institutions were included. Patients with distant metastases, hereditary syndromes, or grade 3 tumors were excluded. Local or distant tumor recurrence was scored. Independent predictors for survival and recurrence were identified using Cox-regression analysis. The recurrence score was developed to predict recurrence within 5 years after curative resection of grade 1 to 2 NF-pNET. Results:With a median follow-up of 51 months, 211 patients with grade 1 to 2 NF-pNET were included. Thirty-five patients (17%) developed recurrence. The 5- and 10-year disease-specific/overall survival was 98%/91% and 84%/68%, respectively. Predictors for recurrence were tumor grade 2, lymph node metastasis, and perineural invasion. On the basis of these predictors, the recurrence score was made. Discrimination [c-statistic 0.81, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.75–0.87] and calibration (Hosmer Lemeshow Chi-square 11.25, P = 0.258) indicated that the ability of the recurrence score to identify patients at risk for recurrence is good. Conclusions:This new scoring system could predict recurrence after curative resection of grade 1 and 2 NF-pNET. With the use of the recurrence score, less extensive follow-up could be proposed for patients with low recurrence risk. For high-risk patients, clinical trials should be initiated to investigate whether adjuvant therapy might be beneficial. External validation is ongoing due to limited availability of adequate cohorts.
Cryptolysis: A Framework for Verification of Optimization Heuristics for the Automated Cryptanalysis of Classical Ciphers and Natural Language Word Segmentation

An earlier work on automated optimization heuristics for cryptanalysis of classical ciphers proposed a few algorithms for that task (e.g. genetic, simulated annealing, tabu search). A Java-language open-source Cryptolysis project has implemented these algorithms for verification and comparison purposes in a consistent frameworked environment allowing for additional algorithms. Another Java-language open-source project, MARF, has collected a number of frameworked classification algorithms (e.g. distance, neural network, similarity measure, etc.). We extend Cryptolysis with the wrappers for the algorithms implemented in MARF to add to the heuristics collection new results and compare them with the previously implemented algorithms. Conversely, we improve MARF's implementation by porting the Cryptolysis's implementations of search algorithms for various classification tasks in natural language and others. Additionally, we improve the system with the natural language word segmentation for the deciphered text corpora that lacks spacing and punctuation. As a result this work we validate the software architecture and design used in both frameworks as a sustainable and correct approach and practice that should be followed and re-enforced for such frameworks.
TDMA-Based IEEE 802.15.4 for Low-Latency Deterministic Control Applications

In this paper, we propose a technique for making IEEE 802.15. 4 standard suitable for low-latency deterministic networks for wireless control applications where the cyclic update time of sensor's information is not more than 10 ms. The IEEE 802.15. 4 has shown good characteristics for deterministic networks in beacon-enabled mode, but with minimum cyclic update time for personal area network devices not less than 15.36 ms. Moreover, it is unsuitable for hard real-time systems when used in nonbeacon-enabled mode due to the random nature of channel access protocol. The proposed technique employs time-division multiple access (TDMA)-based protocol that works on slightly modified IEEE 802.15. 4 in star topology. Each end device in the network transmits its data frame after certain time delay in response to periodic requests from the coordinator. This time delay is optimized for better channel bandwidth utilization and reliable data exchange. While this TDMA-based protocol eliminates the risk of frame collisions to a great extent, medium-access control sublayer modifications reduce the nondeterminism of the network and increase the bandwidth efficiency. A mathematical model is proposed to design and develop a practical communication network with commercial off-the-shelf radios that can predict worst case arrival time of data frames. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the model for the proposed protocol.
Divergence of Mate Recognition Behavior and Its Consequences for Genetic Architectures of Speciation

The divergence of premating behavior and morphology plays a primary role in speciation, and an understanding of the genetic architectures of these phenotypes is essential for the evaluation of models of the speciation process. However, our empirical knowledge of the genetics underlying speciation‐related traits remains limited. In this article, we argue that a dissection of specific aspects of the genetic architecture of such traits in a comparative context can allow us to rule out some mechanisms of divergence. We discuss these ideas with reference to our investigation of intersexual communication behaviors involved in mate recognition in the Hawaiian cricket genus Laupala. Different species of Laupala sing distinctively and show species‐specific acoustic preferences. We focus on the sister species Laupala paranigra and Laupala kohalensis, characterized by differences in these classic courtship phenotypes. We discuss our preliminary results on the directionality of effect of substituted alleles underlying these species differences. We then discuss these results in the context of historical inference, a necessary perspective for testing the genomic predictions made by theories of speciation that focus on evolution of mate recognition systems.
A HIERARCHICAL MULTIPROCESSOR SCHEDULING FRAMEWORK FOR SYNCHRONOUS DATAFLOW GRAPHS

This paper discusses a hierarchical scheduling framework to reduce the complexity of scheduling synchronous dataflow (SDF) graphs onto multiple processors. The core of this framework is a clustering algorithm that reduces the number of nodes before expanding the SDF graph into a precedence DAG (directed acyclic graph). The internals of the clusters are then scheduled with uniprocessor SDF schedulers which can optimize for memory usage. The clustering is done in such a manner as to leave ample parallelism exposed for the multiprocessor scheduler. The advantages of this framework are demonstrated with several practical, real-time examples.
Detection of on-chip temperature gradient using a 1.5V low power CMOS temperature sensor

We present a 1.5V low power CMOS temperature sensor for detection of on-chip temperature gradients. The temperature sensor has measured accuracy of+/- 0.25degC over a temperature range from 25degC to 97degC. The power consumption of a single temperature sensor is 96nW and the layout occupies 64.8mum2 in a 0.5mum CMOS technology. A chip with spatially non-uniform heat generation devices and an array of temperature sensors was fabricated and tested. Experimental results demonstrate that the sensors successfully detect the induced temperature gradient on the chip
Isolation of a novel agglutinin with complex carbohydrate binding specificity from fresh fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Lyophyllum shimeiji.

A hemagglutinin, with a molecular weight of 30,000 and expressing hemagglutinating activity which could not be inhibited by simple sugars and glycoproteins, was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Lyophyllum shimeiji. The protein was adsorbed on CM-Sepharose even in 20 mM ammonium acetate (pH 5.5) containing 1 M NaCl and was desorbed by 20 mM ammonium bicarbonate (pH 9). The hemagglutinating activity was subsequently adsorbed on Mono S in 20 mM ammonium acetate (pH 5.5) and was desorbed by a linear gradient of 0.2-0.5 M NaCl in ammonium acetate buffer. The hemagglutinin exhibited a novel N-terminal sequence not found in any lectin and hemagglutinin reported so far. It was devoid of antifungal activity.
Strathprints Institutional Repository Combining MLC and SVM Classifiers for Learning based Decision Making: Analysis and Evaluations

: Maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) and support vector machines (SVM) are two commonly used approaches in machine learning. MLC is based on Bayesian theory in estimating parameters of a probabilistic model, whilst SVM is an optimization based non-parametric method in this context. Recently, it is found SVM in some cases is equivalent to MLC in probabilistically modeling of the learning process. In this paper, MLC and SVM are combined in learning and classification, which helps to yield probabilistic output for SVM and facilitate soft decision making. In total four groups of data are used for evaluations, covering sonar, vehicle, breast cancer and DNA sequences. The data samples are characterized in terms of Gaussian/non-Gaussian distributed and balanced/unbalanced sampled, which are then further used for performance assessment in comparing the SVM and the combined SVM-MLC classifier. Interesting results are reported to indicate how the combined classifier may work under various conditions.
Design and fabrication of a fixed-bed batch type pyrolysis reactor for pilot scale pyrolytic oil production in Bangladesh

In this research, a development and performance test of a fixed-bed batch type pyrolysis reactor for pilot scale pyrolysis oil production was successfully completed. The characteristics of the pyrolysis oil were compared to other experimental results. A solid horizontal condenser, a burner for furnace heating and a reactor shield were designed. Due to the pilot scale pyrolytic oil production encountered numerous problems during the plant’s operation. This fixed-bed batch type pyrolysis reactor method will demonstrate the energy saving concept of solid waste tire by creating energy stability. From this experiment, product yields (wt. %) for liquid or pyrolytic oil were 49%, char 38.3 % and pyrolytic gas 12.7% with an operation running time of 185 minutes.
Optimization of optical systems for LED spot lights concerning the color uniformity

Spotlighting is one illumination field where the application of light emitting diodes (LED) creates many advantages. Commonly, the system for spot lights consists of a LED light engine and collimating secondary optics. Through angular or spatial separated emitted light from the source and imaging optical elements, a non uniform far field appears with colored rings, dots or patterns. Many feasible combinations result in very different spatial color distributions. Several combinations of three multi-chip light sources and secondary optical elements like reflectors and TIR lenses with additional facets or scattering elements were analyzed mainly regarding the color uniformity. They are assessed by the merit function Usl which was derived from human factor experiments and describes the color uniformity based on the visual perception of humans. Furthermore, the optical systems are compared concerning efficiency, peak candela and aspect ratio. Both types of optics differ in the relation between the color uniformity level and other properties. A plain reflector with a slightly color mixing light source performs adequate. The results for the TIR lenses indicate that they need additional elements for good color mixing or blended light source. The most convenient system depends on the requirements of the application.
[Correlation between the polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein GPIb α Kozak gene and transient ischemic attack].

OBJECTIVE Genic susceptibility could increase the risk of transient ischemic attack (TIA). The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein GPIb α Kozak gene and TIA in Qindao Han population. METHODS The polymorphisms of platelet glycoprotein GPIb α Kozak gene -5T/C in TIA patients and normal control were detected with sequence-specific primers polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP). RESULTS The prevalence of the CC genotype and C alleles were significantly higher in TIA patients than in the control group (P<0.05). The positive correlation between C allele and TIA was showed by logistic regression analysis (P=0.016). CONCLUSION The -5T/C polymorphism of the platelet glycoprotein GPIb α Kozak gene is implicated in the pathogenesis of TIA. C allele is an independent risk factor for TIA.
Handwritten Character Recognition Using Multiscale Neural Network Training Technique

Advancement in Artificial Intelligence has lead to the developments of various “smart” devices. Character recognition device is one of such smart devices that acquire partial human intelligence with the ability to capture and recognize various characters in different languages. Firstly multiscale neural training with modifications in the input training vectors is adopted in this paper to acquire its advantage in training higher resolution character images. Secondly selective thresholding using minimum distance technique is proposed to be used to increase the level of accuracy of character recognition. A simulator program (a GUI) is designed in such a way that the characters can be located on any spot on the blank paper in which the characters are written. The results show that such methods with moderate level of training epochs can produce accuracies of at least 85% and more for handwritten upper case English characters and numerals. Keywords—Character recognition, multiscale, backpropagation, neural network, minimum distance technique.
How do OSS Projects Change in number and Size? A Large-Scale Analysis to Test a Model of Project growth

Established Open Source Software (OSS) projects can grow in size if new developers join, but also the number of OSS projects can grow if developers choose to found new projects. We discuss to what extent an established model for firm growth can be applied to the dynamics of OSS projects. Our analysis is based on a large-scale data set from SourceForge (SF) consisting of monthly data for 10 years, for up to 360'000 OSS projects and up to 340'000 developers. Over this time period, we find an exponential growth both in the number of projects and developers, with a remarkable increase of single-developer projects after 2009. We analyze the monthly entry and exit rates for both projects and developers, the growth rate of established projects and the monthly project size distribution. To derive a prediction for the latter, we use modeling assumptions of how newly entering developers choose to either found a new project or to join existing ones. Our model applies only to collaborative projects that are deemed to grow in size by attracting new developers. We verify, by a thorough statistical analysis, that the Yule-Simon distribution is a valid candidate for the size distribution of collaborative projects except for certain time periods where the modeling assumptions no longer hold. We detect and empirically test the reason for this limitation, i.e., the fact that an increasing number of established developers found additional new projects after 2009.
Dictionary-free hybrid precoders and combiners for mmWave MIMO systems

The high cost and power consumption of the radio frequency chain and data converters at mmWave frequencies introduce hardware limitations into the design of MIMO precoders and combiners. MmWave hybrid precoding overcomes this limitation by dividing the spatial signal processing between the radio frequency and baseband domains. Analog networks of phase shifters have been proposed to implement the radio frequency precoders, since they achieve a good compromise between complexity and performance. In this paper, we propose a low complexity hybrid precoding design for the architecture based on phase shifters. The new method is a greedy algorithm based on the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm, but replacing the costly correlation operations over a dictionary with the element-wise normalization of the first singular vector of the residual. The main advantage is that the design avoids any assumption on the antenna array geometry. Additionally, numerical results show the superiority of the proposed method in terms of achievable spectral efficiency over other previous solutions.
Modulation of visual perception by eye gaze direction in patients with spatial neglect and extinction

Parietal neurons have retinotopic receptive fields whose response is modulated by eye gaze signals. We examined the role of eye position and eye movement direction on visual extinction in three patients with parietal damage and left neglect, characterized by impaired perception of contralesional field stimuli despite intact visual cortex. Patients tracked a horizontally moving fixation point, while discriminating fine changes at the fixated point and detecting more salient targets flashed on either side of fixation. Eye position modulated extinction, with worse detection of left field targets during eccentric fixation towards the left. Direction of eye movement also modulated extinction, with worse detection of left targets during rightward scanning. These results demonstrate that extinction in contralesional field is influenced by extra-retinal factors related to eye position and eye movements, consistent with a convergence of these signals in parietal cortex.