Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corticospinal excitability is enhanced after visuomotor adaptation and depends on learning rather 2 than performance or error 3 4 Authors 5

25 We used adaptation to high and low gains in a virtual reality set-up of the hand to test competing 26 hypotheses about the excitability changes that accompany motor learning. Excitability was 27 assayed through changes in amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in relevant hand 28 muscles elicited with single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). One hypothesis is 29 that MEPs will either increase or decrease, directly reflecting the effect of low or high gain on 30 motor output. The alternative hypothesis is that MEP changes are not sign-dependent but rather 31 serve as a marker of visuomotor learning, independent of performance or visual-to-motor 32 mismatch (i.e. error). Subjects were required to make flexion movements of a virtual forefinger 33 to visual targets. A gain of 1 meant that the excursions of their real finger and virtual finger 34 matched. A gain of 0.25 (“low-gain”) indicated a 75% reduction in visual versus real finger 35 displacement, a gain of 1.75 (“high-gain”) the opposite. MEP increases (>40%) were noted in the 36 tonically activated task-relevant agonist muscle for both highand low-gain perturbations after 37 adaptation reached asymptote with kinematics matched to veridical levels. Conversely, only 38 small changes in excitability occurred in a control task of pseudorandom gains that required 39 adjustments to large errors but in which learning could not accumulate. We conclude that 40 changes in corticospinal excitability are related to learning rather than performance or error. 41
A Coreference Resolution Approach using Morphological Features in Arabic

Coreference resolution is considered one of the challenges in natural language processing. It is an important task that includes determining which pronouns are referring to which entities. Most of the earlier approaches for coreference resolution are rule-based or machine learning approaches. However, these types of approaches have many limitations especially with Arabic language. In this paper, a different approach to coreference resolution is presented. The approach uses morphological features and dependency trees instead. It has fivestages, which overcomes the limitations of using annotated datasets for learning or a set of rules. The approach was evaluatedusing our own customized annotated dataset and “AnATAr” dataset. The evaluation show encouraging results with average F1 score of 89%.
Low-power circuits using dynamic threshold devices

We present simulations for ultra-thin body, fully-depleted, double-gate (DG) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices that can be readily optimized for both static power loss and performance by dynamically shifting the threshold voltage during operation. A small number of simple circuits are analyzed and it is demonstrated that subthreshold power can be reduced by a factor in excess of 103 for these examples.
Evaluating and Analyzing Click Simulation in Web Search

We evaluate and analyze the quality of click models with respect to their ability to simulate users' click behavior. To this end, we propose distribution-based metrics for measuring the quality of click simulation in addition to metrics that directly compare simulated and real clicks. We perform a comparison of widely-used click models in terms of the quality of click simulation and analyze this quality for queries with different frequencies. We find that click models fail to accurately simulate user clicks, especially when simulating sessions with no clicks and sessions with a click on the first position. We also find that click models with higher click prediction performance simulate clicks better than other models.
Pixels Classification for Moving Object Extraction

This paper proposes a method of clustering video frame pixels for a moving object extraction system. Two cascaded classifiers work cooperatively to firstly classify the pixels into background and non-background cluster and then classify the non-background cluster into four clusters. Besides the moving cluster and shadow cluster, two additional clusters, corresponding to the noisy highlighting pixels and the pixels affected by the camera auto iris function in real environment, are observed and modeled. Experiments on our people counting prototype system demonstrate that it can run smoothly with better performance of moving object extraction in long-term video surveillance of complex scenes.
Processing speed enhances model-based over model-free reinforcement learning in the presence of high working memory functioning

Theories of decision-making and its neural substrates have long assumed the existence of two distinct and competing valuation systems, variously described as goal-directed vs. habitual, or, more recently and based on statistical arguments, as model-free vs. model-based reinforcement-learning. Though both have been shown to control choices, the cognitive abilities associated with these systems are under ongoing investigation. Here we examine the link to cognitive abilities, and find that individual differences in processing speed covary with a shift from model-free to model-based choice control in the presence of above-average working memory function. This suggests shared cognitive and neural processes; provides a bridge between literatures on intelligence and valuation; and may guide the development of process models of different valuation components. Furthermore, it provides a rationale for individual differences in the tendency to deploy valuation systems, which may be important for understanding the manifold neuropsychiatric diseases associated with malfunctions of valuation.
Biological Maturation, Central Adiposity, and Metabolic Risk in Adolescents: A Mediation Analysis.

BACKGROUND Earlier biological maturation has been related to increased metabolic risk. In this study, we verified mediating effects by central adiposity of the relationship between somatic maturity and metabolic risk factors in adolescents. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 1034 adolescents aged 10-16 years from Londrina/PR/Brazil were evaluated. The age of peak height velocity (PHV) method was used to evaluate somatic maturity. Central adiposity was estimated through waist circumference measurements. Fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and blood pressure were measured as metabolic risk indicators. Physical activity (Baecke questionnaire) and cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m shuttle run test) were used as covariates. RESULTS Except for fasting glucose, waist circumference showed partial or full mediation of the relationship between maturity and the following metabolic risk factors with their respective z-score values: triglycerides (boys = -3.554 vs. girls = -5.031), HDL-C (boys = +5.300 vs. girls = +5.905), systolic blood pressure (boys = -3.540 vs. girls = -3.763), diastolic blood pressure (boys = -2.967 vs. girls = -3.264), and metabolic risk score (boys = -5.339 vs. girls = -6.362). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that central obesity plays a mediating role in the relationship between somatic maturation and metabolic risk during adolescence.
Control of Stair Ascent and Descent With a Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis

This paper presents a finite state-based control system for a powered transfemoral prosthesis that provides stair ascent and descent capability. The control system was implemented on a powered prosthesis and evaluated by a unilateral, transfemoral amputee subject. The ability of the powered prosthesis to provide stair ascent and descent capability was assessed by comparing the gait kinematics, as recorded by a motion capture system, with the kinematics provided by a passive prosthesis, in addition to those recorded from a set of healthy subjects. The results indicate that the powered prosthesis provides gait kinematics that are considerably more representative of healthy gait, relative to the passive prosthesis, for both stair ascent and descent.
CHRONOS: A Tool for Handling Temporal Ontologies in Protégé

Representing information evolving in time in ontologies is a difficult problem to deal with. Temporal relations are in fact ternary (i.e., properties of objects that change in time involve also a temporal value in addition to the object and the subject) and cannot be handled directly by OWL. The standard solution to this problem is to map all temporal relations to a set of binary ones with new (intermediate) classes introduced by the temporal model applied. Nevertheless, ontologies then become complicated and difficult to handle by standard editors such as Protege (e.g., property restrictions of temporal classes might refer to the new classes rather than to the classes on which they were meant to be defined). It also requires that the user be familiar with the peculiarities of the temporal representation. This is exactly the problem this work is dealing with. We introduce CHRONOS, a plug-in for Protege that enables handling of temporal ontologies in Protege the same way static ontologies are handled. It is implemented as a Tab plug-in for Protege and can be downloaded from the Web.
Muscle activation patterns in the Nordic hamstring exercise: Impact of prior strain injury

This study aimed to determine: (a) the spatial patterns of hamstring activation during the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE); (b) whether previously injured hamstrings display activation deficits during the NHE; and (c) whether previously injured hamstrings exhibit altered cross‐sectional area (CSA). Ten healthy, recreationally active men with a history of unilateral hamstring strain injury underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging of their thighs before and after six sets of 10 repetitions of the NHE. Transverse (T2) relaxation times of all hamstring muscles [biceps femoris long head (BFlh); biceps femoris short head (BFsh); semitendinosus (ST); semimembranosus (SM)] were measured at rest and immediately after the NHE and CSA was measured at rest. For the uninjured limb, the ST's percentage increase in T2 with exercise was 16.8%, 15.8%, and 20.2% greater than the increases exhibited by the BFlh, BFsh, and SM, respectively (P < 0.002 for all). Previously injured hamstring muscles (n = 10) displayed significantly smaller increases in T2 post‐exercise than the homonymous muscles in the uninjured contralateral limb (mean difference −7.2%, P = 0.001). No muscles displayed significant between‐limb differences in CSA. During the NHE, the ST is preferentially activated and previously injured hamstring muscles display chronic activation deficits compared with uninjured contralateral muscles.
Bat Call Identification with Gaussian Process Multinomial Probit Regression and a Dynamic Time Warping Kernel

We study the problem of identifying bat species from echolocation calls in order to build automated bioacoustic monitoring algorithms. We employ the Dynamic Time Warping algorithm which has been successfully applied for bird ight calls identication and show that classication performance is superior to hand crafted call shape parameters used in previous research. This highlights that generic bioacoustic software with good classication rates can be constructed with little domain knowledge. We conduct a study with eld data of 21 bat species from the north and central Mexico using a multinomial probit regression model with Gaussian process prior and a full EP approximation of the posterior of latent function values. Results indicate high classication accuracy across almost all classes while misclassication rate across families of species is low highlighting the common evolutionary path of echolocation in bats.
What Makes a Good Research Paper? Examining Differences and Similarities in Turkish and American Expectations

Success in a research paper is not only about gathering information and presenting your own thoughts and interpretations; equally as important understands the instructor's understanding of what the purpose of research is and what constitutes a “good research paper”. Individual instructors often have very different ideas about what the focus of the paper should be and what they are looking for in terms of information, independent thinking, structure, and accuracy of language. These differences become even more marked as universities seek to diversify their student bodies and teaching staff. This study aimed to explore Turkish and American instructors’ perceptions regarding the possible influence of their cultural and educational backgrounds on their understanding of a “good” research paper. The data was obtained from interviews of both Turkish and American instructors to examine the similarities and differences in expectations for research assignments. These interviews revealed some differences in how different instructors view research assignments and how they grade them.
Tuning of IEEE 802.11 MAC for improving real-time in industrial wireless networks

The problem of enhancing reliability while providing real-time guarantees in industrial communication over wireless networks has been widely addressed by the scientific literature. Several analyses have been carried out that consider this problem in a real-time scheduling framework, modeling both real-time transmission flows and possible retransmissions as a set of periodic tasks. These analyses, however, approach the schedulability problem from a high level point of view, where lower communication layers are modeled as if they were a unique stack that introduces a certain error probability and do not take into account their actual behavior. In this paper, we present an accurate evaluation of the transmission times of the packets belonging to the flows in case of an IEEE 802.11g WLAN is employed at the lower layers. Moreover, we address the negative influence of the wireless network non-deterministic behavior, mainly caused by both backoff procedures and MAC-layer retransmissions, on the feasibility of a flow set providing some possible solutions.
Affective Well-Being in Old Age The Role of Tenacious Goal Pursuit and Flexible Goal Adjustment

Abstract. This study investigated the relationships between tenacious goal pursuit (TGP) and flexible goal adjustment (FGA), two fundamental modes of self-regulation suggested by Brandtstadter and colleagues, and positive and negative affect (PA, NA). This was done in general terms and by considering the developmental constraint of perceived age-related visual decline. Data stem from 751 community-dwelling elders (55-98 years, 372 women, 379 men). Results support the hypothesis of differential associations of TGP and FGA, respectively, with affect: TGP was positively related to PA, and FGA was negatively related to NA. Moreover, differential moderator effects of TGP and FGA, respectively, on the relationship between subjective vision and affect emerged. FGA independently moderated the inverse relationship between subjective vision and NA. The moderator effect of TGP, however, was dependent on FGA: TGP did not alter the relationship between subjective vision and PA until FGA was high, too. It is concluded .
A Comparative Study of the Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of Continuous Thoracic Epidural versus Continuous preperitoneal Wound Infusion during Open Colorectal Surgery

BACKGROUND Thoracic: epidural analgesia (TEA) has been shown to improve postoperative analgesia after open intra-abdominal surgery than parenteral opioids . Continuous wound infiltration (CWI) of local anesthetics, using a multi-holed catheter placed in the preperitoneal space, has been found to improve pain relief and to accelerate patient recovery. Although CWI alone may be not sufficient to avoid the need for postoperative opioid METHODS: The study included 60 patients divided into two equal groups, 30 patients each, underwent elective open colorectal cancer surgery repair under general anesthesia. In (group I) patients received continuous epidural infusion (CEI). In (group II) patients received continuous wound infusion (CWI). The following parameters was compared between the 2 groups pain score at rest and during mobilization in the PACU, time of discharge from PACU, the Ramsay sedation score, visual analogue score (VAS) in the first 4 days three times per day, the total consumption of morphine, the time to full diet intake, the time to pass flatus and time to pass stool, the sleep quality, time to discharge from the hospital and postoperative complications. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in VAS in the PACU at rest and during mobilization and in the discharge time from PACU in the epidural group. There was insignificant difference in Ramsay sedation score in both groups. The VAS and the morphine consumption were significantly decreased in the first 3 days in the epidural group. The time to tolerate oral food, time to recover bowel function and time to discharge from the hospital were significantly decreased in the epidural group. The quality of sleep was better in the epidural group after the first night. The postoperative complications were comparable in both groups . CONCLUSIONS: The use of continuous thoracic epidural infusion is good for postoperative pain control, reduces the postoperative analgesic requirements, improves sleep quality, enhances bowel function, and reduces hospital stay when compared with the continuous preperitoneal wound infusion after open colorectal cancer surgery.
Probabilistic Latent Document Network Embedding

A document network refers to a data type that can be represented as a graph of vertices, where each vertex is associated with a text document. Examples of such a data type include hyperlinked Web pages, academic publications with citations, and user profiles in social networks. Such data have very high-dimensional representations, in terms of text as well as network connectivity. In this paper, we study the problem of embedding, or finding a low-dimensional representation of a document network that "preserves" the data as much as possible. These embedded representations are useful for various applications driven by dimensionality reduction, such as visualization or feature selection. While previous works in embedding have mostly focused on either the textual aspect or the network aspect, we advocate a holistic approach by finding a unified low-rank representation for both aspects. Moreover, to lend semantic interpretability to the low-rank representation, we further propose to integrate topic modeling and embedding within a joint model. The gist is to join the various representations of a document (words, links, topics, and coordinates) within a generative model, and to estimate the hidden representations through MAP estimation. We validate our model on real-life document networks, showing that it outperforms comparable baselines comprehensively on objective evaluation metrics.
Free energy of water permeation into hydrophobic core of sodium dodecyl sulfate micelle by molecular dynamics calculation.

In our previous analysis of the structural stability of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelle based on molecular dynamics calculation, vacancies were found in the center of the micelles [N. Yoshii and S. Okazaki, Chem. Phys. Lett.425, 58 (2006)]. It is very interesting to clarify whether a water molecule is expected in the vacancy in thermodynamic equilibrium at room temperature. In order to investigate the stability of water in the core of micelle, free energy of transfer of water from bulk to the core has been calculated for the SDS micelle in water for two micelle sizes, N=61 and 121, at temperature T=300 K and pressure P=1 atm. The calculated free energy of transfer, ΔGc←b, from the bulk to the core is about 28±4 kJ∕mol and 26±4 kJ∕mol for the micelle of the size N=61 and 121, respectively, where the corresponding Boltzmann factor, exp(−ΔGc←b∕kT), is in the order of one over several ten thousands. Thus, a water molecule hardly permeates into the core of the micelle.
A capacity broker architecture and framework for multi-tenant support in LTE-A networks

Resource allocation in multi-operator scenarios requires an estimate of the tenants' traffic needs. This is necessary in the scenario where a Mobile Network Operator (MNO) owns the Radio Access Network (RAN) and many Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) act as resellers of their host network's capacity under their own brands, to their own customers. In such scenarios, the forecasted MVNO traffic is the basis for providing resources suitable with the corresponding MVNOs demand. To that end, the dynamic provision of resources among MVNOs should be performed in flexible, short-term time scales. In this paper, we effectively address this issue by integrating the capacity broker into the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) network management architecture using the minimum set of enhancements. In addition, to fully exploit its capabilities, we propose the Multi-tenant Slicing (MuSli) of capacity algorithm, to allocate resources towards MVNOs in coarse time scales. MuSli considers the estimated capacity and the impact of the traffic type (i.e., guaranteed QoS and Best-Effort) in each MVNO, to provide better utilization of the host network's capacity. Our results highlight the gains in the number of served requests without compromising their service quality.
Car-like robot path following in large unstructured environments

This paper addresses the problem of on-line path following for a car working in unstructured outdoor environments. The partially known map of the environment is updated and expanded in real time by a Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm. This information is used to implement global path planning. A cost graph is initially constructed followed by a search to find the near-optimal path considering uncertainty in both vehicle location and map. Selected points in the global path are connected by continuous-curvature paths. An improved feedback linearization technique is presented to guide the car along the defined path. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the algorithms.
State feedback stabilization of uncertain linear time‐delay systems: A nonlinear matrix inequality approach

A nonlinear matrix inequality is derived as a stabilizability condition of linear uncertain time‐delay systems. This inequality is seen as a less conservative one as well as efficient for numerical computation than the existing results as seen when solving by cone‐complementary algorithm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Program Share and Design

Most models of computer programming explain the programmer’s behoviour by a single design strategy. This article presents o cognitive architecture that uses cue-based search to model multiple design strategies including procedural, functional, means-end or focal, and opportunistic design. The model has been implemented in an artificial intelligence (Al) system that generates Postal progroms from English specifications. Knowledge is represented as nodes that reside in internal or external memory, where a node encodes an action that moy range from o line of code to a routine in size. A program is built by linking nodes through a search cue of the form <role, goal, object>. The cue is broadcast to memory, and any matching node is returned; the cue provides a question to ask. and the return provides the answer. A cue on the newly linked node is then selected as CI new focus, and the search process repeated. Each design strategy defines a specific node visiting order that traverses the program structure through its links.