Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A context model for microphone forensics and its application in evaluations

In this paper we first design a suitable context model for microphone recordings, formalising and describing the involved signal processing pipeline and the corresponding influence factors. As a second contribution we apply the context model to devise empirical investigations about: a) the identification of suitable classification algorithms for statistical pattern recognition based microphone forensics, evaluating 74 supervised classification techniques and 8 clusterers; b) the determination of suitable features for the pattern recognition (with very good results for second order derivative MFCC based features), showing that a reduction to the 20 best features has no negative influence to the classification accuracy, but increases the processing speed by factor 30; c) the determination of the influence of changes in the microphone orientation and mounting on the classification performance, showing that the first has no detectable influence, while the latter shows a strong impact under certain circumstances; d) the performance achieved in using the statistical pattern recognition based microphone forensics approach for the detection of audio signal compositions.
Surface Fluxes under Weak Wind Conditions Final Report

Errors in eddy correlation measurements from moving platforms (aircraft, ships, buoys, blimps, tethered balloons and kites) include contamination of the measured fluctuations by superficial fluctuations associated with vertical movement of the platform in the presence of mean vertical gradients. Such errors occur even with perfect removal of the motion of the platform. These errors are investigated here from eddy correlation data collected from the LongEZ research aircraft and ASIS buoy during the SHOaling Waves EXperiment.
Genome-wide association reveals the locus responsible for four-horned ruminant.

Phenotypic variability in horn characteristics, such as their size, number and shape, offers the opportunity to elucidate the molecular basis of horn development. The objective of this study was to map the genetic determinant controlling the production of four horns in two breeds, Jacob sheep and Navajo-Churro, and examine whether an eyelid abnormality occurring in the same populations is related. Genome-wide association mapping was performed using 125 animals from the two breeds that contain two- and four-horned individuals. A case-control design analysis of 570 712 SNPs genotyped with the ovine HD SNP Beadchip revealed a strong association signal on sheep chromosome 2. The 10 most strongly associated SNPs were all located in a region spanning Mb positions 131.9-132.6, indicating the genetic architecture underpinning the production of four horns is likely to involve a single gene. The closest genes to the most strongly associated marker (OAR2_132568092) were MTX2 and the HOXD cluster, located approximately 93 Kb and 251 Kb upstream respectively. The occurrence of an eyelid malformation across both breeds was restricted to polled animals and those carrying more than two horns. This suggests the eyelid abnormality may be associated with departures from the normal developmental production of two-horned animals and that the two conditions are developmentally linked. This study demonstrated the presence of separate loci responsible for the polled and four-horned phenotypes in sheep and advanced our understanding of the complexity that underpins horn morphology in ruminants.
Identifying the last supper: utility of the DNA barcode library for bloodmeal identification in ticks

Ticks are among the most important vectors of disease in the Northern Hemisphere, and a better understanding of their feeding behaviour and life cycle is critical to the management and control of tick‐borne zoonoses. DNA‐based tools for the identification of residual bloodmeals in hematophagous arthropods have proven useful in the investigation of patterns of host use in nature. Using a blind test approach, we challenged the utility of the DNA barcode library for the identification of vertebrate bloodmeals in engorged, field‐collected Ixodes scapularis. Universal vertebrate primers for the COI barcode region successfully amplified DNA from the host bloodmeal and only rarely amplified tick DNA. Of the 61 field‐collected ticks, conclusive genus‐ and species‐level identification was possible for 72% of the specimens. In all but two cases, barcode‐based identification of the bloodmeal was consistent with the morphological identification of the vertebrate host the ticks were collected from. Possible explanations for mismatches or ambiguities are presented. This study validates the utility of the DNA barcode library as a valuable and reliable resource for the identification of unknown bloodmeals in arthropod vectors of disease. Future directions aimed at the refinement of these techniques to gain additional information and to improve the amplification success of digested vertebrate DNA in tick bloodmeals are discussed.
Parental exposure to X‐irradiation and Down's syndrome

The total dose of medical x irradiation ever received by 465 parents of children with Down's syndrome was compared with the corresponding dose for 465 parents of children with other severe congenital handicaps, matched for time of birth and maternal age. The mothers of those with Down's syndrome had had more total x rays, both in number and dose, before the conception, although overall the difference did not reach a significant level. However, mothers of the cases had received significantly more x rays ten years or more before the conception of the cases. No significant difference was found between the histories of the fathers of the cases and the controls. The practical and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed. (auth)
Video-based Chinese sign language recognition using convolutional neural network

Convolutional neural network (CNN) has been widely used in computer vision tasks recently and achieved remarkable success. This paper presents a novel video-based recognition approach using CNN for Chinese Sign Language (CSL). The proposed method extracts upper body images directly from videos, and employs a pre-training convolutional network model to recognize the gesture in the image. The new method simplifies the hand-shape segmentation, and avoid information loss in feature extraction. We evaluate the method on our self-built dataset includes 40 daily vocabularies, and show that the proposed approach has good performance on sign language recognition task, with accuracy reaching to 99%.
A 100-kS/s 8.3-ENOB 1.7- µW Time-Domain Analog-to-Digital Converter

A 100-kS/s time-domain analog-to-digital converter (TDADC) with successive approximation register architecture provides 8.3 effective bits. The time-domain comparator of the TDADC is realized with only one delay line consisting of a digitally controlled delay line and a voltage-controlled delay line. Therefore, the linearity degradation due to the mismatch between multiple delay lines can be avoided. The TDADC has been implemented in a 0.11- $\mu\hbox{m}$ CMOS process with a 0.127- $\hbox{mm}^{2}$ active silicon area. The TDADC consumes 1.7 $\mu\hbox{W}$ from a 0.6-V supply voltage.
The Face of Love

The present research investigated whether accommodation, typically formulated as the tendency to deliberately inhibit a destructive reaction in response to a partner’s destructive behavior, could also occur spontaneously. Supporting this notion, results of the first study revealed that participants respond to their partner’s angry face with a spontaneous smile, whereas strangers’ angry faces are mimicked and thus lead to a spontaneous frown. Importantly, the facial EMG data are moderated by participants’ daily interaction styles: People perceiving themselves in a communal relationship show spontaneous acts of accommodation, whereas this is not the case for people in exchange relationships. The moderation occurred in our first (spontaneous) and third (forced accommodation) studies. The results of the second study replicated the first study in that participants in communal relationships frowned less toward partner’s subliminally presented angry faces but more to their sad faces. The authors discuss their findings as spontaneous social emotion regulation.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces acidiscabies 84-104, an Emergent Plant Pathogen

ABSTRACT A draft genome sequence of the plant pathogen Streptomyces acidiscabies 84-104, an emergent plant pathogen, is presented here. The genome is among the largest of streptomycetes, at more than 11 Mb, and encodes a 100-kb pathogenicity island (PAI) shared with other plant-pathogenic streptomycetes. The presence of this conserved PAI, and the remnants of a conserved integrase/recombinase at its 3′ end, supports the hypothesis that S. acidiscabies emerged as a plant pathogen as a result of this acquisition.
The Impact of Horizontal Resolution on Energy Transfers in Global Ocean Models

The ocean is a turbulent fluid with processes acting on a variety of spatio-temporal scales. The estimates of energy fluxes between length scales allows us to understand how the mean flow is maintained as well as how mesoscale eddies are formed and dissipated. Here, we quantify the kinetic energy budget in a suite of realistic global ocean models, with varying horizontal resolution and horizontal viscosity. We show that eddy-permitting ocean models have weaker kinetic energy cascades than eddy-resolving models due to discrepancies in the effect of wind forcing, horizontal viscosity, potential to kinetic energy conversion, and nonlinear interactions on the kinetic energy (KE) budget. However, the change in eddy kinetic energy between the eddy-permitting and the eddy-resolving model is not enough to noticeably change the scale where the inverse cascade arrests or the Rhines scale. In addition, we show that the mechanism by which baroclinic flows organise into barotropic flows is weaker at lower resolution, resulting in a more baroclinic flow. Hence, the horizontal resolution impacts the vertical structure of the simulated flow. Our results suggest that the effect of mesoscale eddies can be parameterised by enhancing the potential to kinetic energy conversion, i.e., the horizontal pressure gradients, or enhancing the inverse cascade of kinetic energy.
Discovery of a low-mass companion inside the debris ring surrounding the F5V star HD 206893

ESO fellowship programme; NASA through Hubble Fellowship by STScI [HST-HF2-51355, HST-AR-12652]; NASA [NAS5-26555]; European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (ERC Grant) [337569]; French Community of Belgium through an ARC grant for Concerted Research Action; Royal Society; European Union through ERC grant [279973]; Millennium Science Initiative (Chilean Ministry of Economy) [RC130007]; Mexican CONACyT [CB-2012-183007]
Interpretability of SAR/QSAR Models of any Complexity by Atomic Contributions

This communication concerns a new approach to interpret a classification or regression structure-property model of any complexity based on fragment descriptors. The idea is to evaluate contributions of each atom into modelled property (y) and to visualize them using a colour code. This results in the coloured image of 2D molecular structure in which molecular fragments responsible for increase or decrease of y could be easily recognized. The method has been illustrated on examples of the regression model for aqueous solubility and classification models for Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and organoleptic activities. Prediction efficiency and interpretability of QSAR models represent two different objectives which are very difficult to achieve simultaneously. Indeed, the models build with modern machine-learning methods, like neural networks or support vector machines, or consensus solutions based on ensembles of different models are widely used in QSAR as predictive tools. On the other hand, their chemical sense interpretation is difficult, if yet possible. A notable exception represent group/atomic contribution methods in which the property value y predicted for a given molecule is divided into a set of contributions of atoms or substructures . A colour code associated with these contributions is a simple way to identify “useful” or “useless” structural motifs. Recently such a coloration has been suggested for some particular cases: random forest models based on simplex descriptors and for the Na ve Bayes models based on the MNA descriptors integrated in the PASS software . Franke et al. reported pharmacophore point visualization approach based on a perturbation and applied this to pharmacophore fingerprints. It assesses the relative importance of different pharmacophore features rather than that of explicit structural motifs. Baskin et al. proposed a differential approach for interpretation of nonlinear neural network QSAR models. Carlsson et al. proposed an assessment of one most important descriptor based on gradient estimations. In particular case of Faulon’s fragment descriptors , a substructure identified as the “most important” can be highlighted. In this paper, we present a fragment based QSAR partial derivatives approach which could be considered as further extension of ideas reported in . It aims to obtain group or atomic contributions of regression, classification or clustering models of any complexity. Another saying, QSAR partial derivatives assess an impact of local perturbations of fragment descriptors on the outcome of the model. As in references , our study is restricted to fragment descriptors. Each fragment represents a subgraph of a molecular graph, whereas its occurrence xi is considered as the descriptor’s value. There exists a huge variety of fragment descriptors . Here, we used the ISIDA fragment descriptors representing either shortest paths between two selected atoms and different size atom centred fragments (see Computational Methods section). For linear QSAR model,
Surgical resection versus transarterial chemoembolization for BCLC stage C hepatocellular carcinoma

Sorafenib is the only recommended treatment for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to compare surgical resection (SR) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for advanced (BCLC stage C) HCC patients.
BETATRON RADIATION FROM AN OFF-AXIS ELECTRON BEAM IN THE PLASMA WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR

In a plasma wakefield accelerator in the nonlinear regime the accelerated bunch electrons oscillate in a pure ion column. They emit strong synchrotron, also known as betatron radiation, in the keV to MeV photon range [1]. In previous experiments with a single electron bunch the oscillating electrons where distributed symmetrically about the beam axis or the ion column axis. However, with a drive/witness bunch system, the witness bunch can be injected into the ion column with a transverse momentum component or with a radial offset. In this case the witness bunch oscillates about the beam axis resulting stronger radiation. Since the ultra-relativistic bunches do not suffer dephasing, the energy loss to radiation can be compensated for by the energy gain from the wakefield. We explore the characteristics of the witness bunch oscillations and of the betatron radiation through numerical simulations and calculations.
Electronic band properties and superconductivity in La2-yXyCuO4.

The results of electronic-structure calculations for tetragonal La/sub 2/CuO/sub 4/ provide insight concerning the origin of high-temperature superconductivity in the La/sub 2-//sub y/X/sub y/CuO/sub 4/ alloys. A half-filled Cu(3d)-O(2p) band with two-dimensional character and a nearly square Fermi surface produces a Peierls instability for y = 0 that opens a semiconductor gap over the Fermi surface. Alloying with divalent or tetravalent atoms should spoil the nesting features while maintaining the strong coupling of O phonons to the conduction electrons.
A deconvolution approach for PET-based dose reconstruction in proton radiotherapy

Positron emitters are activated by proton beams in proton radiotherapy, and positron emission tomography (PET) images can thus be used for dose verification. Since a PET image is not directly proportional to the delivered radiation dose distribution, predicted PET images are compared to measured PET images and an agreement of both indicates a successful irradiation. Such predictions are given on the basis of Monte Carlo calculations or a filtering approach which uses a convolution of the planned dose with specific filter functions to estimate the PET activity. In this paper, we describe and evaluate a dose reconstruction method based on PET images which reverses the just mentioned convolution approach using appropriate deconvolution methods. Deconvolution is an ill-posed inverse problem, and suitable regularization techniques are required in order to guarantee a stable solution. The basic convolution approach is developed for homogeneous media and additional procedures are necessary to generalize the PET estimation to inhomogeneous media. This generalization formalism is used in our dose deconvolution approach as well. Various simulations demonstrate that the dose reconstruction method is able to reverse the PET estimation method both in homogeneous and inhomogeneous media. Measured PET images are however degraded by noise and artifacts and the dose reconstructions become more difficult and the results suffer from artifacts as well. Recently used in-room PET scanners allow a decreased delay time between irradiation and imaging, and thus the influence of short-lived positron emitters on the PET images increases considerably. We extended our dose reconstruction method to process PET images which contain several positron emitters and simulated results are shown.
Two-dimension single-muscular stress variation and muscle function of lower-limb in the integral gait of sprint running

For quantifying the variations in lower-limb monoliphic muscles stress in sprint running and analysing its influence on sprint running, in this study eight excellent sprinters' two-dimensional kinetic data, the data of the ground's counterforce and the electromyography signal are collected concurrently and the variations in lower-limb monoliphic muscles stress is optimized. Results reveal in sprint running the variation of lower-limb redundant muscle strength is similar to the full-wave rectification of EMG. During the support phase, a higher level of stress emerges in such muscles as GM, HAM, SOL and GAS. During the earlier stage of swing phase, it is mainly such muscles as IL, VAS, RF, BFsh and GAS that do work. During the later period of swing phase, only HAM and GM are active. During every phase the stress peak value of such two-joint muscles as HAM, RF and GAS is strikingly higher than tthat of the other muscles.
Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale: Manual for the Third Revision Form L-M

(Published by Harrap, 21s.). This is a combination of what is best in the L and M versions to produ# third scale. It includes some changes in the instructions. Like its predecessor5 has only been standardised on white American children, and not for British childfe The McNemar corrections are incorporated in the I.Qs. Harraps will no low get M or L versions of the Stanford Binet after their present stocks have run 01 but will deal with the new L-M version.
Co‐grafted embryonic striatum increases the survival of grafted embryonic dopamine neurons

To enhance the current therapeutic benefit of dopamine (DA) neuron grafts in Parkinson's disease, strategies must be developed that increase both DA neuron survival and fiber outgrowth into the denervated striatum. Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that dopaminergic neurons grow to greater size when co‐grafted with striatal cell suspensions and display extensive tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive (TH+) projections, but no conclusion could be reached concerning enhancement of survival of grafted DA neurons. The aim of the present study was to characterize further the potential trophic effects of striatal co‐grafts on grafted mesencephalic DA neuron survival. Unilaterally lesioned male Fischer 344 rats were grafted with either a suspension of mesencephalic cells or with both mesencephalic and striatal cell suspensions. Co‐grafts were either mixed together or placed separately into the striatum. Lesioned rats receiving no graft served as controls. Rotational behavior was assessed following amphetamine challenge at 2 weeks prior to grafting and at 4 and 8 weeks following grafting. Only rats receiving co‐grafts of nigral and striatal suspensions separated by a distance of 1 mm showed significant behavioral recovery from baseline rotational asymmetry. Both mixed and separate striatal co‐grafts were associated with a doubling of DA neuron survival compared with solo mesencephalic grafts. In the mixed co‐graft experiment, DA neurite branching appeared enhanced and TH‐rich patches were observed, whereas with co‐grafts that were separated, TH+ innervation of the intervening host striatum was increased significantly. These results provide the first evidence suggesting that nigral‐striatal co‐grafts, particularly those placed separately and in proximity to each other, increase both DA neuron survival and neurite extension from the mesencephalic component of the grafts. J. Comp. Neurol. 399:530–540, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statins may reduce femoral osteolysis in patients with total Hip arthroplasty

In experimental studies, statin use has been associated with reduction of osteoclastic activity and promotion of bone formation around implants. Moreover, a large clinical study recently reported a substantially reduced risk of revision for aseptic loosening among statin users with THA. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of statin use on the development of femoral osteolysis within 5 years after THA. We conducted a case‐cohort study including all THAs presenting with femoral osteolysis at the 5 year visit (cases) and compared them with those without osteolysis (controls). Cases and controls were identified from a cohort of primary THAs operated between 2001 and 2005. Seven hundred thirty‐five THAs were included, mean age 68 years. Five years after surgery osteolysis had developed around the femoral component of 40 THAs (5.4%). Ever‐use of statins was much less frequent among cases (5 of 40, 12.5%) than among controls (199 of 695, 28.6%). The crude risk ratio of femoral osteolysis among statin users was 0.36 (95% CI 0.14; 0.92). After adjusting for age, sex, activity level, BMI, diagnosis, bearing surface, and type of stem, the adjusted risk ratio was 0.38 (95% CI 0.15; 0.99). In conclusion, statin use was associated with a reduced risk of developing femoral osteolysis 5 years after THA. Statins may be useful for reducing the risk of implant failure following THA. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 814–820, 2013
DENTAL MODIFICATION IN THE POSTCLASSIC POPULATION FROM LAMANAI, BELIZE

Dental modification, present in 36% of the adult burial sample (N = 61) dating to the Postclassic period at Lamanai, Belize, was analyzed to determine its association with status and sex using both biological dietary indicators (stable-isotope and dental-pathology data) and archaeological indicators (grave location and architecture). There was no association between diet and modification. Males and females shared many of the same modification types, but some were sex-distinctive. The frequency of modification differed by archaeological context. For example, modification was present only in individuals buried in ceremonial structures, presumed to represent high status. Types of modification differed between Belizean sites and those from other regions. These data support the hypothesis that dental modification may have been a means of identification with a lineage, polity, ruler, or region.