Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bone and cartilage formation by periosteum; assay of experimental autogenous grafts.

The authors have attempted to devise a standardized method of assay of the ability to produce bone by a tissue to be used for grafting. Autogenous periosteum of rabbits was studied by this method and the osteogenetic potency of the tissue was found to vary considerably, depending on the age of the animal and the character of the recipient bed used. In situ grafts on the tibia were most successful, subcapsular grafts on the kidney moderately so, and grafts into the anterior chamber of the eye showed the least amount of osteogenesis. The formation of cartilage by grafts of periosteum was frequently noted. A gradient of response by a tissue has been described which includes the amount and type of intercellular material elaborated in response to stimuli. These local stimuli are believed to be primarily chemical rather than mechanical or circulatory.
Advances in Brief Detection of a Mutator Phenotype in Cancer Cells by Inter-Alu Polymerase Chain Reaction 1

A mutator phenotype due to a DNA mismatch repair deficiency is usually detected by typing a number of microsatellite markers. Here, eight hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer patients with microsatellite instabil ity were investigated by inter-Alu PCR, known to amplify DNA segments that may represent preferential targets of replication errors. Among 40-60 bands revealed in a single PCR experiment, more than 20% were found altered in tumoral DNA samples compared to matched normal samples from the same patient. Shifts and changes in signal intensity accounted for most of the alterations, whereas gains or losses of bands were rare. Certain bands were affected only in a single patient, whereas the instabilities in others were common. These results suggest that some genomic regions are more susceptible than others to the expression of a mutator phenotype. Four such bands altered in at least five patients were characterized further and shown to be unstable because of contractions of the Alu poly(A) tails. Interestingly, none of the bands representing loci shown previously to be polymorphic in the population displayed instabil ity in the tumoral samples. Inter-Alu PCR appears to be a robust, costeffective, and sensitive technique for revealing the imitator phenotype in cancer cells.
FIESTA: A Sample-Balanced Multi-Program Workload Methodology

Workload construction methodologies for multiprogram experiments are more complicated than those for single-program experiments. Fixed-workload methodologies pre-select samples from each program and use these in every experiment. They enable direct comparisons between experiments, but may also yield runs of which significant portions are spent executing only the slowest program(s). Variable-workload methodologies eliminate this load imbalance by using the multi-program run to define the workload, normalizing performance to the performance of the resulting individual program regions. However, they make direct comparisons difficult and tend to produce workloads that over-estimate throughput and speedup. We propose a multi-program workload methodology called FIESTA which is based on the observation that there are two kinds of load imbalance. Sample imbalance is due to differences in standalone program running times. Schedule imbalance is due to asymmetric contention during multi-program execution. Sample imbalance is harmful because it dilutes multi-program behaviors. Schedule imbalance is a characteristic of concurrent execution that should be preserved and measured. Traditional fixed-workload methodologies admit both kinds of imbalance. Variable-workload methodologies eliminate both kinds of imbalance. FIESTA is a fixed-workload methodology that eliminates only sample imbalance. It does so by pre-selecting program regions for equal standalone running times rather than for equal instruction counts.
Continuation/maintenance treatment with nortriptyline versus combined nortriptyline and ECT in late-life psychotic depression: a two-year randomized study.

OBJECTIVE The identification of effective continuation and maintenance strategies for elderly patients with psychotic depression is a critical issue that has not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to assess the tolerability and efficacy of continuation/maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in elderly patients with psychotic depression after acute ECT remission. METHODS The authors used a longitudinal, randomized, single-blind design to compare by survival analysis the 2-year outcome of two subgroups of elderly patients with psychotic unipolar depression who were ECT (plus nortriptyline) remitters. One group was treated with a continuation/maintenance nortriptyline regimen (N = 17) and the other with combined continuation/maintenance ECT plus nortriptyline (N = 16). RESULTS Over 2 years of treatment in elderly, psychotic, unipolar depressed ECT (plus nortriptyline) remitters, the mean survival time was significantly longer in the combined ECT plus nortriptyline subgroup than in the nortriptyline subgroup. No differences were observed between treatments with regard to tolerability. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the judicious use of combined continuation/maintenance ECT and antidepressant treatment in elderly patients with psychotic unipolar depression who are ECT remitters.
Digital Uprising: The Internet Revolution in the Middle East

ABSTRACT We use survey data from 2006–2007 to explore the implications of Internet use on political opinion in the Middle East, arguing that the Internet has had an equalizing effect when government filtering is low. Specifically, the findings indicate that Internet use had a positive effect on political knowledge, political participation, and attitudes about the United States/West and a negative effect on trust in government in Middle Eastern countries with relatively low government filtering practices. Conversely, there were no significant effects in countries with high filtering. Thus, the Internet has the potential to serve as an equalizing force in the region but only if filtering is at a minimum.
Trusted Tamper-Evident Data Provenance

Data provenance, the origin and derivation history of data, is commonly used for security auditing, forensics and data analysis. While provenance loggers provide evidence of data changes, the integrity of the provenance logs is also critical for the integrity of the forensics process. However, to our best knowledge, few solutions are able to fully satisfy this trust requirement. In this paper, we propose a framework to enable tamper-evidence and preserve the confidentiality and integrity of data provenance using the Trusted Platform Module (TPM). Our framework also stores provenance logs in trusted and backup servers to guarantee the availability of data provenance. Tampered provenance logs can be discovered and consequently recovered by retrieving the original logs from the servers. Leveraging on TPM's technical capability, our framework guarantees data provenance collected to be admissible, complete, and confidential. More importantly, this framework can be applied to capture tampering evidence in large-scale cloud environments at system, network, and application granularities. We applied our framework to provide tamper-evidence for Progger, a cloud-based, kernel-space logger. Our results demonstrate the ability to conduct remote attestation of Progger logs' integrity, and uphold the completeness, confidential and admissible requirements.
Improved competitive ratio for the matroid secretary problem

The Matroid Secretary Problem, introduced by Babaioff et al. (2007), is a generalization of the Classical Secretary Problem. In this problem, elements from a matroid are presented to an on-line algorithm in a random order. Each element has a weight associated with it, which is revealed to the algorithm along with the element. After each element is revealed the algorithm must make an irrevocable decision on whether or not to select it. The goal is to pick an independent set with the sum of the weights of the selected elements as large as possible. Babaioff et al gave an algorithm for the Matroid Secretary Problem with a competitive ratio of O(logρ), where ρ is the rank of the matroid. It has been conjectured that a constant competitive-ratio is achievable for this problem. In this paper we give an algorithm that has a competitive-ratio of O(√logρ).
Thermogenesis and energy expenditure: control of heat production by the Ca 2+ -ATPase of fast and slow muscle

This report measured the amount of heat released during Ca 2+ transport and ATP hydrolysis by vesicles derived from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of rabbit slow (SM) and fast (FM) muscle. During ATP hydrolysis, part of the chemical energy released is used to translocate Ca 2+ through the membrane (work) and part is dissipated as heat. The amount of heat produced during catalysis increases after formation of the Ca 2+ gradient across the vesicle membrane. In the absence of gradient (leaky vesicles), the heat produced per mol of ATP cleaved by SM and FM vesicles was the same and varied between 7.7 - 9.1 kcal. In the presence of the gradient the heat produced by SM and FM vesicles differed, 13.4 kcal/mol and 23.0 kcal/mol ATP cleaved, respectively. After formation of the gradient, part of the ATPase activity was not coupled to Ca 2+ transport. The difference of heat produced by FM and SM vesicles during ATP hydrolysis was related to the rate of uncoupled ATPase activity. When extended to the living cell, the data described indicate that the amount of heat produced by the Ca 2+ -ATPase of SM muscle is 36 times smaller than that produced by the FM. Thyroid hormone 3,5,3'-triiodo L-thyronine (T 3 ) regulate both thermogenesis and the transcription of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase isoforms found in SM and FM. The findings described in this report raise the possibility that one of the mechanisms of thermogenesis control may be related to the regulation of Ca 2+ -ATPase isoforms expression by T 3.
Innovative interventions to reduce dementia caregiver distress : a clinical guide

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that caregivers of dementia victims are at risk for depression and other medical problems. In what ways can health care providers improve or maintain the well-being of dementia caregivers? This volume provides an overview of emerging themes in dementia caregiving research and presents a broad array of practical strategies for reducing caregiver distress, including interventions for specific populations such as ethnic minority caregivers, male caregivers, and caregivers with diverse sexual orientations. Innovative approaches include the value of partnering with primary care physicians to improve quality of life for both patient and caregiver and the use of technological advances to help distressed caregivers. A timely, cutting edge book written for clinicians of varying backgrounds who provide direct services to families of dementia victims. For Further Information, Please Click Here!
Technique analysis in sports: a critical review

This paper critically reviews technique analysis as an analytical method used within sports biomechanics as a part of performance analysis. The concept of technique as 'a specific sequence of movements' appears to be well established in the literature, but the concept of technique analysis is less well developed. Although several descriptive and analytical goals for technique analysis can be identified, the main justification given for its use is to aid in the improvement of performance. However, the conceptual framework underpinning this process is poorly developed with a lack of distinction between technique and performance. The methods of technique analysis have been divided into qualitative, quantitative and predictive components. Qualitative technique analysis is characterized by observation and subjective judgement. Several aids to observation are identified, including phase analysis, temporal analysis and critical feature analysis. Although biomechanical principles of movement can be used to form judgements about technique, little agreement exists about the number and categories of these principles. A 'deterministic' model can be used to identify factors that affect performance but, in doing so, technique variables are frequently overlooked. Quantitative technique analysis relies on biomechanical data collection methods. The identification of key technique variables that affect performance is a major issue, but these are poorly distinguished from other variables that affect performance. Quantitative analysis is not suitable for establishing the characteristics of the whole skill, but new methods, such as the use of artificial neural networks, are described that may be able to overcome this limitation. Other methods based on modelling and computer simulation also have potential for focusing on the whole skill. Predictive technique analysis encompasses these developments and offers an attractive interface between the scientist and coach through visual animation methods. I conclude that biomechanists need to clarify the underpinning rationale, framework and scope for the various approaches to technique analysis.
When Can Political Parties Lead Public Opinion? Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Research on framing effects has demonstrated how elites can influence public opinion by the way they present and interpret political issues. However, these findings overwhelmingly stem from experimental settings that differ from how issues are typically discussed in real-world political situations. This study takes framing research to more realistic contexts by exploiting a natural experiment to examine the neglected role of political parties in framing effects. Examining the effects on public opinion of a sudden shift in how a major political party frames a salient issue, I demonstrate that parties can be powerful in shaping the policy preferences among their supporters. Yet, even strong partisans do not follow the party line uncritically. Rather, they judge the party frame according to their own beliefs about the problems surrounding the issue. Thus, party elites face the challenge of developing frames that resonate with their voters' preexisting beliefs if they want to shape policy preferences, even among their otherwise most loyal supporters. These dynamics have important implications for understanding interactions between political elites and the public.
A topology discovery algorithm for sensor networks with applications to network management

In this paper we describe a topology discovery algorithm (TopDisc) for wireless sensor networks with its applications to network management. The algorithm finds a set of distinguished nodes, using whose neighborhood information we can construct the approximate topology of the network. Only these distinguished nodes reply back to the topology discovery probes, thereby reducing the communication overhead of the process. These nodes logically organize the network in the form of clusters comprised of nodes in their neighborhood.TopDisc forms a Tree of Clusters (TreC) rooted at the monitoring node, which initiates the topology discovery process. We show how managing a complex network of sensor nodes is simplified using a TreC. This organization is used for efficient data dissemination and aggregation, duty cycle assignments and network state retrieval. The mechanisms proposed are completely distributed, use only local information and are highly scalable.
Information aggregation and agent interaction patterns in InfoSleuth

The MCC InfoSleuth/sup TM/ Project is an agent-based system for information gathering and analysis tasks performed over networks of autonomous information sources. A key motivation of the InfoSleuth system is that real information gathering applications require long-running monitoring and integration of information at various levels of abstraction. To this end, InfoSleuth agents enable a loose integration of technologies allowing: (1) extraction of semantic concepts from autonomous information sources; (2) registration and integration of semantically annotated information from diverse sources; and (3) temporal monitoring, information routing, and identification of trends appearing across sources in the information network. In this paper we discuss the agents in InfoSleuth applications and the goal-driven interaction patterns that enable them to dynamically organize and cooperate to perform integrated and temporal information-gathering tasks.
Objective Bayesian Variable Selection

A novel fully automatic Bayesian procedure for variable selection in normal regression models is proposed. The procedure uses the posterior probabilities of the models to drive a stochastic search. The posterior probabilities are computed using intrinsic priors, which can be considered default priors for model selection problems; that is, they are derived from the model structure and are free from tuning parameters. Thus they can be seen as objective priors for variable selection. The stochastic search is based on a Metropolis–Hastings algorithm with a stationary distribution proportional to the model posterior probabilities. The procedure is illustrated on both simulated and real examples.
Durable memory RS/6000 system design

The DM/6000 prototype is a fault-tolerant/durable-memory RS/6000. The main storage of this system is battery backed so as to maintain memory content across prolonged power interruptions. In addition, there are no single points of failure, and all likely multiple failure scenarios are covered. The prototype is intended to match the data integrity and availability characteristics of RAID5 disks. Redundancy is managed in hardware and in transparent to the software; application programs and the operating system (AIX) can run unmodified. The prototype is based on the IBM PowerPC 601 microprocessor operating at 80 MHz and is equivalent in performance and software appearance to a conventional 4-way shared bus, cache coherent, symmetric multiprocessor (SMP), with 4 gigabytes of non-volatile main storage. <<ETX>>
Children`s Aggressive/Prosocial Behaviors and Maternal Parenting Behaviors: Children`s Emotional Regulation as Mediator

This study explored mediating effects of children`s emotional regulation between maternal parenting behaviors and children`s aggressive/prosocial behaviors. The participants were 1,187 4th, 5th, 6th grade children and their mothers from two elementary schools in Korea. The Maternal Parenting Behaviors Scale(Kim, 2006), the Emotional Regulation Scale(Lee, 1997), and a peer-nomination measure(Crick, 1995; Crick & Grotpeter, 1995) were used. Collected data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson`s productive correlation and regression using SPSS(Ver 12.0). Findings revealed that children`s self-emotional regulation mediated the effects of mother`s physical punishment on children`s aggressive behaviors, while children`s other-emotional regulation mediated the effect of mother`s warm-encouragement, mediation-supervision, and inconsistency on children`s prosocial behaviors. In conclusion, children`s emotional regulation mediates the effects of maternal parenting behaviors on children`s aggressive/prosocial behaviors.
The Impacts of Computer Literacy and Learning Enthusiasm on Cognitive Load in Instructional Pervasive Game

Mobile games are different from traditional computer games in terms of their social interactions. Pervasive game (PG) is among one of the mobile games. It has been identified that all computer games have some functions facilitating learning, so as PG. However, it has also been identified that for low prior knowledge and/or less enthusiastic learners, educational games had no more effective than traditional media due to heavy cognitive load. This study intended to examine the effects of prior computer literacy and enthusiasm for cultural exploration on cognitive load. An instructional PG was conducted and a cognitive load inventory was given after the game. Results indicated that both computer literacy and enthusiasm had no effect on cognitive load, only gender, a demographic variable, had an effect. Further research is suggested.
How evaluation and need for structure affect motivation and creativity

Research has shown that evaluation can have negative effects when it is perceived as controlling rather than informational. We hypothesized that Personal Need for Structure (PNS) would moderate the effects of (perceptions of) evaluative situations. Specifically, we expected that informational evaluative situations would be associated with higher motivation and higher creative performance than controlling evaluative situations, but only when PNS is low. In a field study (N = 53) and an experiment (N = 72), we showed consistently across samples, methods, and outcomes that the positive effects ofinformational evaluation only existed for individuals who were low in PNS. These findings support the reasoning that high PNS individuals tend to welcome any type of feedback because of its disambiguating potential.
Outage probability of MIMO cognitive cooperative radio networks with multiple AF relays using orthogonal space-time block codes

In this paper, we analyze the outage probability of multiple-input multiple-output cognitive cooperative radio networks (CCRNs) with multiple opportunistic amplify-and-forward relays. The CCRN applies underlay spectrum access accounting for the interference power constraint of a primary network and utilizes orthogonal space-time block coding to transmit multiple data streams across a number of antennas over several time slots. As such, the system exploits both time and space diversity to improve the transmission reliability over Nakagami-m fading. The CCRN applies opportunistic relaying in which the relay offering the highest signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver is selected to forward the transmit signal. Furthermore, selection combining is adopted at the secondary receiver to process the signal from the direct and relaying transmissions. To evaluate system performance, we derive an expression for the outage probability which is valid for an arbitrary number of antennas at the source, relays, and receiver of the CCRN. Selected numerical results are provided using Mathematica for analysis and Matlab for simulations, to reveal the effect of network parameters on the outage probability of the system.
Broadband variations of the MUSIC high-resolution method for Sound Source Localization in Robotics

The MUSIC algorithm (multiple signal classification) is a well-known high-resolution method to sound source localization. However, as it is essentially narrowband, several extensions can be envisaged when dealing with broadband sources like human voice. This paper presents such extensions and proposes a comparative study w.r. t. specific robotics constraints. An online beamspace MUSIC method, together with a recently developed beamforming scheme, are shown to constitute a mathematically sound and potentially efficient solution.