Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technological Change and International Trade -Insights from REMIND-R

Within this paper, we explore the technical and economic feasibility of very low stabilization of atmospheric GHG concentration based on the hybrid model REMIND-R. The Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC and the scientific literature have analyzed some low stabilization scenarios but with as yet little attention being given to the regional distribution of the global mitigation costs. Our study helps to fill this gap. While we examine how technological development and international trade affect mitigation costs, this paper is novel in addressing the interaction between both. Simulation results show for instance that reduced revenues from fossil fuel exports in a low stabilization scenario tend to increase mitigation costs borne by the exporting countries, but this impact varies with the technology options available. Furthermore it turns out that the use of biomass in combination with carbon capturing and sequestration is key in order to achieve ambitious CO2 reduction targets. Regions with high biomass potential can clearly benefit from the implementation of low stabilization scenarios due to advantages on the carbon market. This may even hold if a reduced biomass potential is assumed.
Comparing object-oriented analysis with knowledge acquisition

Based on our experience and a theoretical comparison, we see an interesting relationship between object-oriented analysis in software engineering and certain aspects of knowledge acquisition in the course of building knowledge-based (expert) systems. In particular, we discuss here issues of modeling and the process dimension, i.e., how to do this modeling. According to this relationship, these fields should be able to stimulate each other.
Evidence in Obese Children: Contribution of Hyperlipidemia, Obesity-Inflammation, and Insulin Sensitivity

Background Evidence shows a high incidence of insulin resistance, inflammation and dyslipidemia in adult obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of inflammatory markers, circulating lipids, and insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese children. Methods We enrolled 45 male children (aged 6 to 13 years, lean control = 16, obese = 19, overweight = 10) in this study. The plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and insulin levels, the circulating levels of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1, and the high-sensitive CRP level were determined using quantitative colorimetric sandwich ELISA kits. Results Compared with the lean control subjects, the obese subjects had obvious insulin resistance, abnormal lipid profiles, and low-grade inflammation. The overweight subjects only exhibited significant insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. Both TNF-α and leptin levels were higher in the overweight/obese subjects. A concurrent correlation analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) percentile and fasting insulin were positively correlated with insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers but negatively correlated with adiponectin. A factor analysis identified three domains that explained 74.08% of the total variance among the obese children (factor 1: lipid, 46.05%; factor 2: obesity-inflammation, 15.38%; factor 3: insulin sensitivity domains, 12.65%). Conclusions Our findings suggest that lipid, obesity-inflammation, and insulin sensitivity domains predominantly exist among obese children. These factors might be applied to predict the outcomes of cardiovascular diseases in the future.
Generalized Tensor-Based Morphometry of HIV / AIDS Using Multivariate Statistics on Strain Matrices

This paper investigates the performance of a new multivariate method for Tensor-Based Morphometry (TBM). Statistics on Riemannian manifolds are developed that expl oit the full information in deformation tensor fields. In TBM, multi ple brain images are warped to a common neuroanatomical templat e via 3D nonlinear registration; the resulting deformation fields are analyzed statistically to identify group differences in anatomy. Rather than analyze the Jacobian determinant (volume expan sion factor) of these deformations, as is common, we retain the fu ll strain tensor and apply a manifold version of Hotelling’s T 2 test to the strain matrices, in a log-Euclidean domain. In 2D and 3D MRI data from 26 HIV/AIDS patients and 14 matched healthy subjects, we compared multivariate tensor analysiversus univariate tests of simpler tensor-derived indices: the Ja cobian determinant, the trace, geodesic anisotropy, and eigenval ues of the strain tensor, and the angle of rotation of its eigenvect ors. We detected consistent, but more extensive patterns of stru ctural abnormalities, with multivariate tests on the full tensor manifold. Their improved power was established by analyzing cumulati ve p-value plots using false discovery rate (FDR) methods, appr opriately controlling for false positives. This increased detection sensitivity may empower drug trials and large-scale studie s of disease that use tensor-morphometry.
A three-dimensional finite element analysis of the relationship between masticatory performance and skeletal malocclusion

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the transfer of different occlusal forces in various skeletal malocclusions using finite element analysis (FEA). Methods Three representative human cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of three skeletal malocclusions were obtained from the Department of Orthodontics, Yonsei University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. The CBCT scans were read into the visualization software after separating bones and muscles by uploading the CBCT images into Mimics (Materialise). Two separate three-dimensional (3D) files were exported to visualize the solid morphology of skeletal outlines without considering the inner structures. Individual dental impressions were taken and stone models were scanned with a 3D scanner. These images were integrated and occlusal motions were simulated. Displacement and Von Mises stress were measured at the nodes of the FEA models. The displacement and stress distribution were analyzed. FEA was performed to obtain the 3D deformation of the mandibles under loads of 100, 150, 200, and 225 kg. Results The distortion in all three skeletal malocclusions was comparable. Greater forces resulted in observing more distortion in FEA. Conclusions Further studies are warranted to fully evaluate the impact of skeletal malocclusion on masticatory performance using information on muscle attachment and 3D temporomandibular joint movements. Graphical Abstract
The Computation of Water Entry Problem of Prismatic Planning Vessels

In this paper, a two-dimensional wedge water entry problem with a constant downward velocity is solved by the boundary element method in a time domain based on the potential theory, and the pressure distribution on the wedge surface is acquired, then the pressure distribution is integrated to calculate the total vertical force and the pitch moment of the planing vessels. In the simulation of the two dimensional water entry problem, the influence of gravity is considered, the linear boundary element and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta time stepping mode are used to solved the problem, in addition, the Bernoulli's equation is used to calculated the vertical force on the wedge surface in a computer. Finally, the numerical results is compared with the Troesch's experiments results, the feasibility of the numerical method is verified.
Postfiltering for color appearance in synthetic image visualization

In the photorealistic image synthesis process, an accurate approximation of the spectral light radiance field of a synthetic scene is carefully reproduced, with the goal of generating a synthetic image that is indistinguishable from the actual one. The paradigm of photorealism requires a comparison of the real scene and its synthetic reproduction, and the two visual representations should be studied under the same conditions to make a correct comparison and evaluate the degree of accuracy. To reproduce the same observing conditions, we need to define a sort of synthetic observer (given the impossibility to enter into a synthetic world) to compensate the deep differences in the viewing conditions, between the real and synthetic images. Various solutions have been proposed to this end; most of them are based more on perceptive measures of the human visual system (HVS) under controlled conditions, rather than on the HVS behavior under real conditions, e.g., observing a natural image and not a controlled black and white or colored pattern. Besides the comparison problem, difficulties can arise from the visualization phase, whose purpose is to display the final results of the simulation model on a monitor screen or printed paper. This is known as the tone reproduction problem, and in most cases, one has to find the best solution to compress an extended dynamic range of the computed light field into the limited range of displayable colors. Several solutions have been proposed to solve this problem. On the contrary, no mapping is usually made in case of low luminance and extremely limited dynamic range images, and consequently photorealism and visual appearance are lost. We propose a working hypothesis to solve the appearance and the tone reproduction problems in the synthetic image generation, integrating the Retinex model into the photorealistic image synthesis context, including in this way a model of the HVS in the image synthesis process.
The Effects of Oil Price on Turkish Economic Growth

Although the oil price is determined by demand and supply, it is also affected by lots of variables such as economic, political and technical conditions. On the other hand, fluctuations in oil price have also effect on macroeconomic stability. Oil price has an important role in Turkey, since Turkey is a country that has external dependency in energy sources. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of oil prices on Turkish economic growth. In this respect, the relationship between variables will be analyzed by using annual data between the years 1980-2013. For analyzing variables, it will be used Johansen Cointegration Test, Impulse-Response Function, and Variance Decomposition tests.
It's a Tough Nanoworld: in Tile Assembly, Cooperation is not (strictly) more Powerful than Competition

We present a strict separation between the class of "mismatch free" self-assembly systems and general aTAM systems. Mismatch free systems are those systems in which concurrently grown parts must always agree with each other. Tile self-assembly is a model of the formation of crystal growth, in which a large number of particles concurrently and selectively stick to each other, forming complex shapes and structures. It is useful in nanotechnologies, and more generally in the understanding of these processes, ubiquitous in natural systems. The other property of the local assembly process known to change the power of the model is cooperation between two tiles to attach another. We show that disagreement (mismatches) and cooperation are incomparable: neither can be used to simulate the other one. The fact that mismatches are a hard property is especially surprising, since no known, explicit construction of a computational device in tile assembly uses mismatches, except for the recent construction of an intrinsically universal tileset, i.e. a tileset capable of simulating any other tileset up to rescaling. This work shows how to use intrinsic universality in a systematic way to highlight the essence of different features of tile assembly. Moreover, even the most recent experimental realizations do not use competition, which, in view of our results, suggests that a large part of the natural phenomena behind DNA self-assembly remains to be understood experimentally.
Access to justice as a human right

1. The Rights of Access to Justice under Customary International Law 2. The Individual Right of Access to Justice in Times of Crisis: Emergencies, Armed Conflict, and Terrorism 3. Access to Justice and Compensation for Violations of the Law of War 4. Access to Justice before International Human Rights Bodies: Reflections on the Practice of the UN Human Rights Committee and the European Court of Human Rights 5. Access to Environmental Justice 6. Access to Justice in European Comparative Law 7. Access to Justice for Victims of Torture
The Spreading of Social Energy: How Exposure to Positive and Negative Social News Affects Behavior

Social news, unlike video games or TV programs, conveys real-life interactions. Theoretically, social news in which people help or harm each other and violate rules should influence both prosocial and violation behaviors. In two experiments, we demonstrated the spreading effects of social news in a social interaction context emphasizing social conventions and a nonsocial interaction context emphasizing moral norms. Across the two studies, the results showed that positive social news increased cooperation (decreased defection) but had no effect on cheating, whereas negative social news increased cheating but with no change in cooperation (or defection). We conclude that there is a spreading impact of positive social news in the conventional norm domain and of negative social news in the moral norm domain.
Encyclopedia of quantitative finance

"What initially looked like an impossible undertaking has become a formidable achievement, stretching from the theoretical foundations to the most recent cutting edge methods. Mille bravos! " - Dr Bruno Dupire (Bloomberg L.P.) The Encyclopedia of Quantitative Finance is a major reference work designed to provide a comprehensive coverage of essential topics related to the quantitative modelling of financial markets, with authoritative contributions from leading academics and professionals. Drawing on contributions from a wide spectrum of experts in fields including financial economics, econometrics, mathematical finance, operations research, numerical analysis, risk management and statistics, the Encyclopedia of Quantitative Finance faithful reflects the multidisciplinary nature of its subject. With a pool of author comprising over 400 leading academics and professionals worldwide, the Encyclopedia provides a balanced view of theoretical and practical aspects of quantitative modelling in finance. Topics covered in the Encyclopedia include the historical development of quantitative modelling in finance, including biographies of influential figures self-contained expositions of mathematical and statistical tools used in financial modelling authoritative expositions on the foundations of financial theory and mathematical finance, including arbitrage pricing, asset pricing theory, option pricing and asset allocation comprehensive reviews of various aspects of risk management: credit risk, market risk, operational risk, economic capital and Basel II with a detailed coverage of topics related to credit risk up-to-date surveys of the state of the art in computational finance: Monte Carlo simulation, partial differential equations (PDEs), Fourier transform methods, model calibration detailed entries on various types of financial derivatives and methods used for pricing and hedging them, including equity derivatives, credit derivatives, interest rate derivatives and foreign exchange derivatives pedagogical surveys of econometric methods and models used in finance, including GARCH models, GMM, realized volatility, factor models, Mixed Data Sampling and high-frequency data empirical and theoretical aspects of market microstructure and trade-level modelling timely entries on new topics such as commodity risk, electricity derivatives, algorithmic trading and multi-fractals quantitative methods in actuarial science, including insurance derivatives, catastrophe bonds , equity-linked life insurance and other topics at the interface of finance and insurance All articles contain are cross-referenced to other relevant articles in the Encyclopedia and include detailed bibliographies for further reading. The scope and breadth of the Encyclopedia will make it an invaluable resource for students and researchers in finance, quantitative analysts and developers, risk managers, portfolio managers, regulators, financial market analysts and anyone interested in the complexity of today's financial markets and products.
TR 120625-42 : Vocabulary Normalization ’ s Impact on IR-Based Concept Location

Tool support is crucial to modern software development, evolution, and maintenance. Early tools reused the static analysis performed by the compiler. These were followed by dynamic analysis tools and more recently tools that exploit natural language. This later class has the advantage that it can incorporate not only the code, but artifacts from all phases of software construction and its subsequent evolution. Unfortunately, the natural language found in source code often uses a vocabulary different from that used in other software artifacts and thus raises the vocabulary mismatch problem. This problem exists because many natural-language tools imported from Information Retrieval (IR) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) implicitly assume the use of a single natural language vocabulary. Vocabulary normalization, which goes well beyond simple identifier splitting, brings the vocabulary of the source into line with other artifacts. Consequently, it is expected to improve the performance of existing and future IR and NLP based tools. As a case study, an experiment with an LSI-based feature locator is replicated. Normalization universally improves performance. For the tersest queries, this improvement is over 200% (p < 0.0001). Keywords-vocabulary normalization; information retrieval; concept location
Dynamin-Catalyzed Membrane Fission Requires Coordinated GTP Hydrolysis

Dynamin is the most-studied membrane fission machinery and has served as a paradigm for studies of other fission GTPases; however, several critical questions regarding its function remain unresolved. In particular, because most dynamin GTPase domain mutants studied to date equally impair both basal and assembly-stimulated GTPase activities, it has been difficult to distinguish their respective roles in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) or in dynamin catalyzed membrane fission. Here we compared a new dynamin mutant, Q40E, which is selectively impaired in assembly-stimulated GTPase activity with S45N, a GTP-binding mutant equally defective in both basal and assembly-stimulated GTPase activities. Both mutants potently inhibit CME and effectively recruit other endocytic accessory proteins to stalled coated pits. However, the Q40E mutant blocks at a later step than S45N, providing additional evidence that GTP binding and/or basal GTPase activities of dynamin are required throughout clathrin coated pit maturation. Importantly, using in vitro assays for assembly-stimulated GTPase activity and membrane fission, we find that the latter is much more potently inhibited by both dominant-negative mutants than the former. These studies establish that efficient fission from supported bilayers with excess membrane reservoir (SUPER) templates requires coordinated GTP hydrolysis across two rungs of an assembled dynamin collar.
The essence of knowledge (bases) through entity rankings

We consider the task of automatically phrasing and computing top-k rankings over the information contained in common knowledge bases (KBs), such as YAGO or DBPedia. We assemble the thematic focus and ranking criteria of rankings by inspecting the present Subject, Predicate, Object (SPO) triples. Making use of numerical attributes contained in the KB we are also able to compute the actual ranking content, i.e., entities and their performances. We further discuss the integration of existing rankings into the ranking generation process for increased coverage and ranking quality. We report on first results obtained using the YAGO knowledge base.
State feedback damping control for a multi DOF variable stiffness robot arm

The concept of variable stiffness actuation (VSA) for robotic joints promises advantages regarding robustness, energy efficiency, and task adaptability. The VS joints developed at DLR show very low intrinsic damping for efficient energy storage and retrieval whereas the desired damping behavior for task execution needs to be implemented in control. Robotic arms with multiple VS joints, as for example the DLR Hand Arm System, ask for advanced control algorithms which can cope with the elastic joints and the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system properties of the mechanical setup. We propose a MIMO controller for flexible joint robots based upon an eigenmode decoupling approach. For robustness reasons, the controller is designed to modify the intrinsic plant properties as little as possible while attaining the desired damping. A gain design algorithm is proposed. The controller is validated in simulations and experiments.
Valuation Equations for Stochastic Volatility Models

We analyze the valuation partial differential equation for European contingent claims in a general framework of stochastic volatility models where the diffusion coefficients may grow faster than linearly and degenerate on the boundaries of the state space. We allow for various types of model behavior: the volatility process in our model can potentially reach zero and either stay there or instantaneously reflect, and the asset-price process may be a strict local martingale. Our main result is a necessary and sufficient condition on the uniqueness of classical solutions to the valuation equation: the value function is the unique nonnegative classical solution to the valuation equation among functions with at most linear growth if and only if the asset-price is a martingale.
System architecture and coexistence evaluation of licensed-assisted access LTE with IEEE 802.11

Licensed-assisted access (LAA) is a new operation mode of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) in the unlicensed spectrum currently under study in the 3GPP standardization forum. In order to coexist with Wi-Fi, some of the new functionalities required of LAA LTE include a mechanism for clear channel assessment based on listen-before-talk (LBT), discontinuous transmission on a carrier with limited maximum transmission duration, and dynamic frequency selection (DFS) for radar avoidance in certain frequency bands. This paper presents a detailed overview of the impact of unlicensed spectrum operation on the LTE physical layer architecture, such as downlink physical channel design, scheduling, and radio resource management. System-level simulation results are then presented for indoor and outdoor scenarios, and show that fair coexistence between LAA and Wi-Fi can be achieved and that deployment of LAA can provide a boost in Wi-Fi performance.
A study of deadline scheduling for client-server systems on the Computational Grid

The Computational Grid is a promising platform for the deployment of various high-performance computing applications. A number of projects have addressed the idea of software as a service on the network. These systems usually implement client-server architectures with many servers running on distributed Grid resources and have commonly been referred to as network-enabled servers (NES). An important question is that of scheduling in this multi-client multi-server scenario. Note that in this context most requests are computationally intensive as they are generated by high-performance computing applications. The Bricks simulation framework has been developed and extensively used to evaluate scheduling strategies for NES systems. The authors first present recent developments and extensions to the Bricks simulation models. They discuss a deadline scheduling strategy that is appropriate for the multi-client multi-server case, and augment it with "Load Correction" and "Fallback" mechanisms which could improve the performance of the algorithm. We then give Bricks simulation results. The results show that future NES systems should use deadline scheduling with multiple fallbacks and it is possible to allow users to make a trade-off between failure-rate and cost by adjusting the level of conservatism of deadline scheduling algorithms.