Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INHIBITORY AND STIMULATORY EFFECTS OF CONCANAVALIN A ON THE RESPONSE OF MOUSE SPLEEN CELL SUSPENSIONS TO ANTIGEN

The addition of concanavalin A to mouse spleen cell suspensions can either inhibit or stimulate the immune response to heterologous erythrocytes according to the experimental conditions. Evidence is presented which is incompatible with the hypothesis that these two effects are mediated by a single cell and which favors the hypothesis of separate inhibitor and stimulatory cells.
IMGT/3Dstructure-DB and IMGT/StructuralQuery, a database and a tool for immunoglobulin, T cell receptor and MHC structural data

IMGT/3Dstructure-DB and IMGT/Structural-Query are a novel 3D structure database and a new tool for immunological proteins. They are part of IMGT, the international ImMunoGenetics information system, a high-quality integrated knowledge resource specializing in immunoglobulins (IG), T cell receptors (TR), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and related proteins of the immune system (RPI) of human and other vertebrate species, which consists of databases, Web resources and interactive on-line tools. IMGT/3Dstructure-DB data are described according to the IMGT Scientific chart rules based on the IMGT-ONTOLOGY concepts. IMGT/3Dstructure-DB provides IMGT gene and allele identification of IG, TR and MHC proteins with known 3D structures, domain delimitations, amino acid positions according to the IMGT unique numbering and renumbered coordinate flat files. Moreover IMGT/3Dstructure-DB provides 2D graphical representations (or Collier de Perles) and results of contact analysis. The IMGT/StructuralQuery tool allows search of this database based on specific structural characteristics. IMGT/3Dstructure-DB and IMGT/StructuralQuery are freely available at http://imgt. cines.fr.
A 14‐3‐3 mRNA Is Up‐Regulated in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spinal Cord

Abstract: We have recently isolated a 2.2‐kb cDNA clone (1C5) from ahuman spinal cord cDNA library with partial identity to the 14‐3‐3 proteinmRNA encoding the θ protein (YWHAQ). 14‐3‐3 protein transcripts arehighly expressed in large projection neurones of the hippocampus, cerebellum,and spinal cord and have been found to be significantly up‐regulated in ratmotor neurones following hypoglossal nerve axotomy. In this study weinvestigated whether the 1C5 transcript (YWHAQ) isolated from spinal cord wasinvolved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We found a significantup‐regulation of 1C5 (YWHAQ) in lumbar spinal cord from patients with sporadicALS compared with controls, with the highest levels of expression being foundin individuals with predominant lower motor neurone involvement. A 6‐bp tandemrepeat in the 5′‐untranslated region of the gene was found to bepolymorphic, but no significant association with disease was found followinggenomic analysis of this region. The localisation of 1C5 (YWHAQ) to chromosome2 was determined and coincides with that reported for clone HS1 (EMBLaccession no. X57347). These results show the marked up‐regulation of the14‐3‐3 isoform (YWHAQ) in ALS spinal cord and indicate the involvement of apotential 14‐3‐3‐mediated survival pathway in the pathogenesis of ALS.
Attribute Extraction from Conjectural Queries

Conjectural search queries (is python case sensitive, is millennium stadium heated ) embody attempts by Web users to verify whether a particular property (soluble in water? , case sensitive? , heated? ) does or does not apply to a particular instance (iodine, python, millennium stadium). This paper considers such queries to be a data source of attributes of open-domain classes. Conjectural attributes complement attributes encoded in human-compiled knowledge resources or automatically acquired from text by previous methods. They correspond to properties of interest to Web users, which are not necessarily stated in nominal form. Relevant properties of Chemical elements, Programming languagesand Stadiums include whether they are soluble in water, flammable or ductile; case sensitive, platform independent, or interpreted; or air conditioned, roof retractable or heated, respectively. Experimental results show that relevant, c onjectural attributes can be extracted from inherently-noisy queries, for a variety of ope n-domain classes of interest.
The Pleasures And Perils Of Social Software

This paper describes some theoretical underpinnings for the use of social software (such as wikis, blogs, tagged link sharing) in e-learning, in particular extending earlier models of interaction, and highlighting the emergent nature of the group as a distinct entity. It goes on to describe some of the uses of social software in undergraduate and postgraduate teaching, examining the consequent benefits and dangers.
Bacteria-Filters: Persistent particle filters for background subtraction

Moving objects are usually detected by measuring the appearance change from a background model. The background model should adapt to slow changes such as illumination, but detect faster changes caused by moving objects. Particle filters do an excellent task in modeling non parametric distributions as needed for a background model, but may adapt too quickly to the foreground objects.
Design and Production of Multimedia Training Programs for Problem Solving Skill and its Effect on the Mental Health of High School Female Students in Kermanshah

This paper addresses the design and production of multimedia training programs for problem solving skill and its effect on the mental health of high school female students in Kermanshah. The studied group included students sponsored by Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation. From five Relief Foundations in Kermanshah, Foundation Office Region 2 was randomly selected; female students were selected from all male and female students sponsored by the foundation. High school students were selected among students of elementary, middle school and high school. Finally, first grade students were randomly selected among high school students (multi-stage cluster sampling). This quasi-experimental study (pre-test/post-test) was conducted using an experimental group and a control group. The control group was trained in problem solving skill without training, and the experimental group was trained in the same skill through multimedia environment for 10 sessions. Data relating to mental health was gathered by standardized questionnaire(28-GHQ), which was administered in three phases: pre-test, post-test and retention test. In order to analyze data, both methods of descriptive statistics(frequency distribution, mean, standard error, graphs and tables) and inferential statistics (covariance and t test) was used. The results showed that multimedia-training programs for problem-solving skills is effective on the mental health of students, and its educational effects will be relatively stable over time.
Method fragments for agent design methodologies: from standardisation to research

The method engineering paradigm enables designers to reuse portions of design processes (called method fragments or chunks in literature) to build processes that are expressly tailored for realising a system that is specific for some problem or development context. This paper initially reports on the standardisation attempt carried out by the FIPA Methodology Technical Committee (TC) and then presents the research activities we did starting from that work; these resulted in a slightly different definition of some of the most important elements of the approach in order to support a multiview representation of the fragment (the views are process, reuse, storing and implementation). The paper also describes the documents we used for representing a fragment and concludes with an example.
The Probable Value of the Lovász--Schrijver Relaxations for Maximum Independent Set

Lov{asz and Schrijver [SIAM J. Optim. , 1 (1991), pp. 166--190] devised a lift-and-project method that produces a sequence of convex relaxations for the problem of finding in a graph an independent set (or a clique) of maximum size. Each relaxation in the sequence is tighter than the one before it, while the first relaxation is already at least as strong as the Lov{asz theta function [IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 25 (1979), pp. 1--7]. We show that on a random graph Gn,1/2, the value of the rth relaxation in the sequence is roughly \rule{0pt}{7pt}$\smash{\sqrt{\rule{0pt}{7pt}\smash{n/2^r}}}$, almost surely. It follows that for those relaxations known to be efficiently computable, namely, for r=O(1), the value of the relaxation is comparable to the theta function. Furthermore, a perfectly tight relaxation is almost surely obtained only at the $r=\Theta(\log n)$ relaxation in the sequence.
Clinical Frailty Scale in an Acute Medicine Unit: a Simple Tool That Predicts Length of Stay

Background Frailty is characterized by increased vulnerability to external stressors. When frail older adults are admitted to hospital, they are at increased risk of adverse events including falls, delirium, and disability. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a practical and efficient tool for assessing frailty; however, its ability to predict outcomes has not been well studied within the acute medical service. Objective To examine the CFS in elderly patients admitted to the acute medical ward and its association with length of stay. Design Prospective cohort study in an acute care university hospital in London, Ontario, Canada, involving 75 patients over age 65, admitted to the general internal medicine clinical teaching units (CTU). Measurements Patient demographics were collected through chart review, and CFS score was assigned to each patient after brief clinician assessment. The CFS ranges from 1 (very fit) to 9 (terminally ill) based on descriptors and pictographs of activity and functional status. The CFS was collapsed into three categories: non-frail (CFS 1–4), mild-to-moderately frail (CFS 5–6), and severely frail (CFS 7–8). Outcomes of length of stay and 90-day readmission were gathered through the LHSC electronic patient record. Results Severe frailty was associated with longer lengths of stay (Mean = 12.6 ± 12.7 days) compared to mild-to-moderate frailty (mean = 11.2 ± 10.8 days), and non-frailty (mean = 4.1 ± 2.1 days, p = .014). This finding was significant after adjusting for age, sex, and number of medications. Participants with higher frailty scores showed higher readmission rates when compared with those with no frailty (31.2% for severely frail, vs. 34.2% for mild-to-moderately frail vs. 19% for non-frail) although there was no significant difference in the adjusted analysis. Conclusion The CFS helped identify patients that are more likely to have prolonged hospital stays on the acute medical ward. The CFS is an easy to use tool which can detect older adults at high risk of complicated course and longer stay. Objective early identification of seniors with frailty in acute care units can help to target interventions to prevent complications and to implement effective discharge planning in high risk older adults.
Drying of Porous Materials in Fluidized Bed of Silica Gel Beads

The drying characteristics of porous materials immersed in the fluidized bed were examined, experimentally. Some kinds of silica gel beads having different physical properties each other were used as the fluidizing particles. In a part of experiment, the glass bead (inert particle) was used as the fluidizing particle and the results were compared with the cases of silica gel beads. The effects of operational conditions (temperature and mass velocity of drying gas) on the drying characteristics were examined. In the cases of silica gel beads, the temperature decrement in drying which observed in the case of glass bead does not appear. The drying time is shorter in the cases of silica gel beads than in the case of glass bead at the same mass velocity of drying gas. Especially, the drying rate at the earlier period of drying in the cases of silica gel beads are much higher than that in the case of glass bead. The effects of mass velocity of drying gas and the heat transfer coefficient on the drying time are small. The effects of physical properties of fluidizing particle on the drying time are significant, and the effects are larger as the drying gas temperature becomes lower.
Adsorption of lignosulfonates and polycarboxylates - depletion and electroacoustic methods

The adsorption of superplasticizers onto cement particles is a key factor in the rheology of cement and concrete. The adsorbed amount is generally measured as the difference between the amount of polymer present in the aqueous phase before and after contact with cement (depletion method). Adsorption isotherms of well characterized lignosulfonate and polycarboxylate admixtures have been measured on a model powder (MgO) using the depletion method and on an ultrafine cement by using an electroacoustic method. This method allowed us to follow the variation of zeta potential of the same suspensions as a function of increasing amounts of superplasticizers. It was found that the influence of the adsorption of superplasticizers on zeta potential measured by electroacoustic technique are significantly lower than those measured earlier with preceding instruments. These differences are due in part to the models used for the zeta potential computation. Apart from improvements in the instrumentation, errors were due to the particle size distribution of cement particles not fully sampled by electroacoustic techniques. It is shown that the electroacoustic method is also both useful and complementary for studying the adsorption of superplasticizers. It measures zeta potential values necessary for interparticle force calculations. Differences in polymer structures and the effect of different ions on polymer adsorption can be observed.
On using high-level structured queries for integrating deep-web information sources

The actual value of the Deep Web comes from integrating the data its applications provide. Such applications offer human-oriented search forms as their entry points, and there exists a number of tools that are used to fill them in and retrieve the resulting pages programmatically. Solution that rely on these tools are usually costly, which motivated a number of researchers to work on virtual integration, also known as metasearch. Virtual integration abstracts away from actual search forms by providing a unified search form, i.e., a programmer fills it in and the virtual integration system translates it into the application search forms. We argue that virtual integration costs might be reduced further if another abstraction level is provided by issuing structured queries in high-level languages such as SQL, XQuery or SPARQL; this helps abstract away from search forms. As far as we know, there is not a proposal in the literature that addresses this problem. In this paper, we propose a reference framework called IntegraWeb to solve the problems of using high-level structured queries to perform deep-web data integration. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive report on existing proposals from the database integration and the Deep Web research fields, which can be used in combination to address our problem within the previous reference framework.
NVSim-CAM: A circuit-level simulator for emerging nonvolatile memory based Content-Addressable Memory

Ternary Content-Addressable Memory (TCAM) is widely used in networking routers, fully associative caches, search engines, etc. While the conventional SRAM-based TCAM suffers from the poor scalability, the emerging nonvolatile memories (NVM, i.e., MRAM, PCM, and ReRAM) bring evolution for the TCAM design. It effectively reduces the cell size, and makes significant energy reduction and scalability improvement. New applications such as associative processors/accelerators are facilitated by the emergence of the nonvolatile TCAM (nvTCAM). However, nvTCAM design is challenging. In addition to the emerging device's uncertainty, the nvTCAM cell structure is so diverse that it results in a design space too large to explore manually. To tackle these challenges, we propose a circuit-level model and develop a simulation tool, NVSim-CAM, which helps researchers to make early design decisions, and to evaluate device/circuit innovations. The tool is validated by HSPICE simulations and data from fabricated chips. We also present a case study to illustrate how NVSim-CAM benefits the nvTCAM design. In the case study, we propose a novel 3D vertical ReRAM based TCAM cell, the 3DvTCAM. We project the advantages/disadvantages and explore the design space for the proposed cell with NVSim-CAM.
Distance based an Efficient Transmit Power Control Scheme in Cognitive Radio System with Multiple Antennas

paper, a transmit power control scheme for a cognitive radio system (CRS) in a Rayleigh fading channel based on the location information of primary user is proposed. The situation where primary user (PU) i.e. licensed user share the spectrum with secondary user (SU) i.e. cognitive radio have been considered. First a mathematical model for probability of detection as a function of distance between PU transmitter and SU transmitter is developed. The mathematical model takes into account multiple antennas at SUs and uses energy detection (ED) with selective combining (SC) scheme. The maximum allowable transmit power at SU transmitter, to guarantee decodability of PU transmitter signal at PU receiver,is calculated by using the distancebetween PU transmitter and SU transmitter. The simulation results show that the probability of detection improves with the use of multiple antennas at SU transmitter. This improved probability of detection will result into more accurate calculations of the maximum allowable transmit power at SU transmitter. Keywordsradio (CR), dynamic spectrum access (DSA), energy detection (ED), path loss, probability of detection, transmit power control.
Characterizations of User Web Revisit Behavior

In this article we update and extend on earlier long-term studies on user’s page revisit behavior. Revisits are very common in web navigation, but not as predominant as reported in earlier studies. Backtracking is the most common type of page revisitation and is both used for finding new information and relocating information visited before. Search engines are mainly used for finding new information and users frequently backtrack to result pages. Visits to pages already visited in earlier sessions tend to occur in chunks, but it is not straightforward to create a list of most likely pages that will be revisited. We conclude with a short discussion on design implications for useradaptive revisitation support.
Semi-Automatic Measurement of the Airway Dimension by Computed Tomography Using the Full-Width-Half-Maximum Method: a Study on the Measurement Accuracy according to the CT Parameters and Size of the Airway

Objective To assess the influence of variable factors such as the size of the airway and the CT imaging parameters such as the reconstruction kernel, field-of-view (FOV), and slice thickness on the automatic measurement of airway dimension. Materials and Methods An airway phantom was fabricated that contained eleven poly-acryl tubes of various lumen diameters and wall thicknesses. The measured density of the poly-acryl wall was 150 HU, and the measured density of the airspace filled with polyurethane foam was -900 HU. CT images were obtained using a 16-MDCT (multidetector CT) scanner and were reconstructed with various reconstruction kernels, thicknesses and FOV. The luminal radius and wall thickness were measured using in-house software based on the full-width-half-maximum method. The measured values as determined by CT and the actual dimensions of the tubes were compared. Results Measurements were most accurate on images reconstructed with use of a standard kernel (mean error: -0.03 ± 0.21 mm for wall thickness and -0.12 ± 0.11 mm for the luminal radius). There was no significant difference in accuracy among images with the use of variable slice thicknesses or a variable FOV. Below a 1-mm threshold, the measurement failed to represent the change of the real dimensions. Conclusion Measurement accuracy was strongly influenced by the specific reconstruction kernel utilized. For accurate measurement, standardization of the imaging protocol and selection of the appropriate anatomic level are essential.
Low distress tolerance predicts heightened drug seeking and taking after extended abstinence from cocaine self‐administration

Distress tolerance (DT), defined as the ability to persist in goal‐directed behavior while experiencing psychological distress, is associated with greater frequency of substance use and poor treatment outcomes. To examine a potential causal role substance use may play in DT, we developed a rodent model of DT in which rats had to press a lever within a continuously decreasing time window for reward while receiving negative feedback on failure trials. DT was defined as the time rats continued to seek reward before quitting the task. We assessed the relationship of DT with cocaine seeking/taking by measuring DT before cocaine self‐administration (SA), and after 1 week and 1 month of drug abstinence. We found that DT prior to cocaine SA did not predict cocaine seeking/taking, yet DT measured after 1 month abstinence significantly predicted subsequent high levels of early session cocaine taking. Additionally, high DT measured after abstinence protected against high cocaine seeking, but this protective effect was blocked in rats with high impulsivity. Finally, while a decrease in 1 month‐abstinent DT was observed following SA across treatment conditions, among cocaine‐exposed rats, greater cocaine SA correlated with a steeper decrease in DT. These results show that low DT after drug abstinence is associated with heightened levels of cocaine seeking and taking behavior and that impulsivity influences this effect. Collectively, these results support the validity of our rodent DT model while extending the human literature and set the foundation for future animal studies designed to determine neural mechanisms underlying DT.
Learning to selectively rank patients' medical history

Two main approaches have emerged in the literature for the effective deployment of a search system to rank patients having a medical history relevant to a query. The first approach is to directly rank patients based on the relevance of their medical history, represented as a concatenation of their associated medical records. Instead, the second approach initially retrieves the relevant medical records of patients, and then ranks the patients based on the relevance of their retrieved medical records. However, these two approaches may be useful for different queries. In this work, we propose a novel supervised approach that can effectively identify when to use either of the two aforementioned patient ranking approaches to attain effective retrieval performance. In particular, our approach deploys a classifier to learn to select a ranking approach when ranking patients, by using query difficulty measures, such as query performance predictors and the number of medical concepts detected in a query, as learning features. We thoroughly evaluate our approach using the standard test collections provided by the TREC Medical Records track. Our results show significant improvements over existing strong baselines.