Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Reliable and Valid Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill for the Application of a Pavlik Harness Based on International Expert Consensus

Background: The use of competency-based training is increasing in medical education as it offers individualized learning opportunities to master required skills. Inherent to this method of teaching is the need for standardized and objective assessments of skill mastery. In orthopaedic surgery, educational programs have focused on surgical skills with lesser emphasis on nonoperative techniques. Accordingly, formal evaluation tools specific to Pavlik Harness application do not exist, despite its widespread use and potential complications from inappropriate application. This study sought to develop a reliable and valid evaluation tool based on international expert consensus to standardize and evaluate Pavlik Harness application for developmental dysplasia of the hip. Methods: Consensus was sought from 10 content experts using Delphi methodology. Resulting items formed the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS). Thirty-five participants were selected into 3 a priori groups (expert, intermediate and novice) based on Pavlik Harness experience. On 2 occasions, 3 content experts assessed randomized and deidentified videotapes of each participant applying a Pavlik Harness to an infant model using the OSATS and global rating scales (GRS). The reliability and validity of the OSATS was determined with intraclass (ICC) and Pearson correlations and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Consensus was obtained after 2 rounds of structured surveying and resulted in a 25-item OSATS. The reliability of the OSATS was excellent with an ICC of 0.96 for interrater and 0.98 for test-retest reliability. Construct validity was excellent with high correlations between OSATS and GRS (>0.90). In addition, the OSATS discriminated between expert, intermediate, and novice users. Conclusions: We have developed a competency-based evaluation tool for Pavlik Harness application based on consensus from international experts. The OSATS has been shown to be a reliable and valid method for assessing Pavlik Harness application that can discriminate between expert, intermediate, and novice users. Level of Evidence: Level II.
Personas in action: ethnography in an interaction design team

Alan Cooper's view on interaction design is both appealing and provoking since it avoids problems of involving users by simply excluding them. The users are instead represented by an archetype of a user, called persona. This paper reports a twelve-week participant observation in an interaction design team with the purpose of learning what really goes on in a design team when they implement personas in their process. On the surface it seemed like they used personas, but our analysis show how they had difficulties in using them and encountered problems when trying to imagine the user. We furthermore describe and discuss how the design team tried to involve users in order to compensate for their problems. It is concluded that it is not enough for the design team, and particularly not for the interaction designers, to have the know-how of using the method. They also have to integrate it with existing knowledge and practices in order to feel at home with it and use it efficiently.
Application of wavelet coding in a control system using wireless sensor networks

The advance in wireless sensor networking technology is increasing the number of control systems that use these networks to transmit the relevant variable to be measured and controlled, despite of the more intense distortions caused by wireless channels. The performance of wireless communications systems is mainly limited by fading produced by multipath propagation. In order to minimize the fading effects, channel coding and diversity techniques are often used in wireless systems. Among the known coding techniques in the literature, the wavelet coding presents an interesting alternative to overcome the multipath fading, since it gets performance gain by transmitting in time diversity without compromising spectral efficiency. This paper investigates the use of wavelet coding in a system that operates over a wireless channel to control the rotation frequency of the direct current motor. Aspects such as packet error probability performance, hardware complexity and processing delays due to wavelet coding are analyzed, as well as its beneficial effects on the control system. In the proposed system, the wavelet coding was embedded in PIC microcontroller and a radio transceiver XBee is used to establish a wireless link. The obtained results demonstrate a reduction of fading effects on the control signal, as well as, a low cost for hardware implementation and a small impact on system processing time.
Stance width and bar load effects on leg muscle activity during the parallel squat.

PURPOSE Altering foot stance is often prescribed as a method of isolating muscles during the parallel squat. The purpose of this study was to compare activity in six muscles crossing the hip and/or knee joints when the parallel squat is performed with different stances and bar loads. METHODS Nine male lifters served as subjects. Within 7 d of determining IRM on the squat with shoulder width stance, surface EMG data were collected (800 Hz) from the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, adductor longus, gluteus maximus, and biceps femoris while subjects completed five nonconsecutive reps of the squat using shoulder width, narrow (75% shoulder width), and wide (140% shoulder width) stances with low and high loads (60% and 75% 1RM, respectively). Rep time was controlled. A goniometer on the right knee was used to identify descent and ascent phases. Integrated EMG values were calculated for each muscle during phases of each rep, and the 5-rep means for each subject were used in a repeated measures ANOVA (phase x load x stance, alpha = 0.05). RESULTS For rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis, only the load effect was significant. Adductor longus exhibited a stance by phase interaction and a load effect. Gluteus maximus exhibited a load by stance interaction and a phase effect. Biceps femoris activity was highest during the ascent phase. CONCLUSION The results suggest that stance width does not cause isolation within the quadriceps but does influence muscle activity on the medial thigh and buttocks.
SUR1 and Kir6.1 subunits of KATP-channels are co-localized in retinal glial (Müller) cells

ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP), unlike other inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels, require two structurally diverse subunits to form functional channels: one member of the Kir6 channel family (Kir6.1 or Kir6.2), and one sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily (SUR1, SUR2A or SUR2B). We have previously shown that two pore-forming subunits of KATP-channels are differently distributed in frog retina. Kir6.1 is localized in Müller (glial) cells, whereas Kir6.2 is found in neurons. Using immunocytochemistry, the present study reveals that in adult frog retina, SUR1 is restricted to Müller (glial) cells whereas SUR2A and SUR2B are found in neurons. These data suggest that functional KATP channels in Müller cells may be formed by Kir6.1/SUR1, and in neurons by Kir6.2/SUR2A and/or Kir6.2/SUR2B.
Doing grassroots: The organization of local communities in development cooperation

ABSTRACT The recent decades have seen an increased demand for the particpition of local communities in developmental projects. This has lead to greater transnational support for and growth of ›grassroots‹ organizations. The aim of this research paper is to analyze how cooperation between local communities and global development organizations is practically made possible and to contribute toward an understanding of the underlying processes and practices that are applied in such cooperations. In order to do so, this study examines an international Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) that is working with local communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. The information used in this paper was collected during an ethnographic field study in 31 community projects in Zambia, Uganda, Mozambique, Kenya and Ethiopia, including 18 key informant interviews and 77 focus group discussions. The study suggests that transnational social support leads to the establishment of grassroots organizations through a range of organizational practices. It also illustrates that local social support structures are dynamic and flexible, responding to a range of issues within their environment and from external conditions. In the development context, community-based organizations thus need to be understood as structures that are interactively created through complex social interactions between development organizations and local support networks.
Antenatal steroids at 37 weeks, does it reduce neonatal respiratory morbidity? A randomized trial

Abstract Objective: To assess the effect of prophylactic corticosteroids administration at 37 weeks before term elective cesarean section (CS) in reducing neonatal respiratory morbidity and admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: This randomized trial was conducted focusing on women subjected to term elective CS. Women who were eligible for the study were divided into two groups. At 37 weeks' gestation; study group received two intramuscular doses of 12 mg dexamethasone 24 h apart, while the control group given the usual care without steroids. Outcome measures were adverse neonatal respiratory outcomes (respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)) and rates of admission to NICU. Results: Neonates in the treatment group had lower overall incidence of respiratory distress morbidity 7.9% versus 23% when compared to the control group. The main morbidity was TTN (7% in study versus 19.6% in control group). There was significantly lower incidence of both mild and moderate degrees of respiratory distress in the study group (7 and 0.9%, respectively) compared to 17 and 5.3% in the control group. The most significant benefit of steroid administration was noted in those babies 37–37+6 weeks. Conclusion: Antenatal administration of steroids at 37 weeks appears to be beneficial in reducing neonatal respiratory morbidity in women undergoing elective term CS.
Fem Media Matters: An Inqueery Into Campus Sexual Assault

FEM MEDIA MATTERS: AN INQUEERY INTO CAMPUS SEXUAL ASSAULT Andrew Kennedy Garber Old Dominion University, 2018 Director: Dr. Peter Schulman Queer victimization as a topic is often marginalized within research due to hegemonic ideologies within society. When it comes to campus sexual assault research and resources, the focus is primarily on female victimization constructed within a heteronormative framework. Little research and theorization has been done on male victimization or the specificities of LGBTQ victimization of campus sexual assault. The problem this research has identified is that the female-victim-male-perpetrator metanarrative of campus sexual assault portrayed through media exemplifies the heterosexist culture at various levels of analysis within the United States. Further, it has led to an invisibility of LGBT and male victimization while simultaneously contributing to the oppression of women and sexual minorities. The purpose of this research is to identify specific gaps within campus culture and infrastructure through analyzing forms of media that have aided in leaving queer male victims of sexual assault marginalized within college campuses. The objective is to demonstrate the extent to which the heteronormative campus culture can theoretically marginalize non-conforming members, namely sexual minorities. By critically examining these specific media, the focus of the research will theorize as to why these gaps exist and where institutions of higher learning need to go in order to address the unmet needs of these marginalized sexual assault victims.
Fitness of backcross six of hybrids between transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)

The process of introgression between a transgenic crop modified for better agronomic characters and a wild relative could lead potentially to increased weediness and adaptation to the environment of the wild species. However, the formation of hybrid and hybrid progeny could be associated with functional imbalance and low fitness, which reduces the risk of gene escape and establishment of the wild species in the field. Our work compares the fitness components of parents and different types of backcross in the sixth generation of hybrids between transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus, AACC, 2n = 38) resistant to the herbicide glufosinate and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum, RrRr, 2n = 18). The backcross with oilseed rape cytoplasm (OBC) has a fitness value 100 times lower than that of the backcross with wild radish cytoplasm (RBC). The herbicide‐resistant RBC has similar growth to the susceptible RBC, but final male and female fitness values are two times lower. In turn, susceptible RBC exhibit similar fitness to the control wild radishes. The relative fitnesses of the different types are the same whether or not they grow under competitive conditions. The consequence on fitness of the chromosome location of the transgene conferring resistance and the relevance of these results to the impact of gene flow on the environment are discussed.
Differences in Pes Planus and Pes Cavus subtalar eversion/inversion before and after prolonged running, using a two-dimensional digital analysis

In sports, there is a constant discussion about the hyper-pronation and supination of the foot during loading and its relation to injuries or discomfort. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible differences in the subtalar joint in the midstance phase of running, between individuals with Pes Planus and Pes Cavus, after 5 min and 45 min of running. Thirty-four subjects, meeting the requirements for Pes Planus (30 feet) and Pes Cavus (35 feet), according to the criteria for Medial Longitudinal Arch-angle, were included in the study. The calcaneal vertical angle, representing the eversion/inversion of the subtalar joint, was measured using with two-dimensional digital analysis and Dartfish Software with the subjects running barefoot on a treadmill, before and after 45 min of outside running wearing shoes. Both individuals with Pes Cavus and Pes Planus showed a significant increase in the calcaneal eversion (P<0.05) after 45 min of running. Between the groups, there was a significantly greater eversion of the Pes Planus, on the right foot, after 45 min of running (P<0.05) compared to the Pes Cavus. The effect of fatigue evident in the present study suggests that further biomechanical research should be considered when exposing the foot to the repetitive nature of running, conditions most likely responsible for the overrepresented overuse injuries among runners.
cis‐Acting DNA elements involved in oocyte‐specific expression of mouse sperm receptor gene mZP3 are located close to the gene's transcription start site

We report that cis‐acting DNA elements involved in oocyte‐specific expression of the mouse sperm receptor gene (mZP3) are located close to the gene's transcription start site. Mice bearing a transgene that consists of only 153 nt of mZP3 5′‐flanking region fused to the firefly luciferase gene (153‐ZP3/LUC) expressed the reporter gene in ovary not in a wide variety of tissues; although two of three lines carrying 153‐ZP3/LUC also expressed the transgene in forebrain and hypothalamus. Within the ovaries of transgenic mice, luciferase activity was restricted to growing oocytes. However, levels of luciferase activity in these oocytes were lower than those in oocytes from mice bearing transgenes that contain a larger segment of mZP3 5′‐flanking region (470–6,500 nt) fused to the firefly luciferase gene. Mice bearing a trans‐gene that consists of 470 nt of mZP3 5′‐flanking region and mZP3 intragenic sequences (ZDT) were also analyzed. The presence of mZP3 intragenic sequences did not result in significantly increased levels of firefly luciferase activity in oocytes of mice carrying the ZDT transgene. Overall, these results suggest that as little as 153 nt of mZP3 5′‐flanking region is sufficient to target expression of the firefly luciferase gene to mouse oocytes and that the mZP3 intragenic sequences probably do not contain enhancer elements. Rather, enhancer elements are probably present between — 153 and — 470 nt of the mZP3 5′‐flanking region. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new path following algorithm with uncertainty information of robot's initial position and its implementation

In recent years, researchers come up with lots of path following algorithms. One of their basic assumptions is that the robot's initial position is a single certain point. Actually, as robots rely on sensor data to locate by Kalman filter or Partical filter, it outputs a probability distribution. In this paper, F* describes a new path following algorithm with the robot's initial position is uncertain. It depends on Monte Carlo method and A* algorithm. Some important concepts are introduced and pseudo code is given to show how it works. Experiment results show that it is more effective than general algorithm.
The Impact of Oil Prices on Trade

This paper introduces an oil price–distance interaction variable in a gravity equation to explain how global trade behaves as a result of oil price changes. The findings are that as oil prices increase, international trade becomes more localized in that countries begin trading relatively more with their neighbors. In contrast, when they decrease, trade becomes more dispersed in that the distance between countries becomes less relevant. These results are highly significant across specifications, and the magnitude is not to be ignored. According to the full specification an oil price halving will make trade more dispersed by relatively increasing trade by 40% for a distance of 10,000 miles and by 25% for a distance of 1,000 miles.
Effects of human pregnancy and aerobic conditioning on alveolar gas exchange during exercise.

This study examined the effects of aerobic conditioning during the second and third trimesters of human pregnancy on ventilatory responses to graded cycling. Previously sedentary pregnant women were assigned randomly to an exercise group (n = 14) or a nonexercising control group (n = 14). Data were collected at 15-17 weeks, 25-27 weeks and 34-36 weeks of pregnancy. Testing involved 20 W.min-1 increases in work rate to a heart rate of 170 beats.min-1 and (or) volitional fatigue. Breath-by-breath ventilatory and alveolar gas exchange measurements were compared at rest, a standard submaximal . VO2 and peak exercise. Within both groups, resting . V(E), . V(A), and V(T)/T(I) increased significantly with advancing gestation. Peak work rate, O2 pulse (.VO2/HR), . V(E), . V(A) respiratory rate, V(T)/T(I), . VO2, . VCO2, and the ventilatory threshold (T(vent)) were increased after physical conditioning. Chronic maternal exercise has no significant effect on pregnancy-induced changes in ventilation and (or) alveolar gas exchange at rest or during standard submaximal exercise. Training-induced increases in T(vent) and peak oxygen pulse support the efficacy of prenatal fitness programs to improve maternal work capacity.
Early career mentoring through the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology: Lessons learned from a pilot program

Effective networking and mentorship are critical determinants of career satisfaction and success in academic medicine. The American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (ASPHO) mentoring program was developed to support Early Career (EC) members. Herein, the authors report on the initial 2‐year outcomes of this novel program.
Macrophage Internal HIV-1 Is Protected from Neutralizing Antibodies

ABSTRACT In macrophages, HIV-1 accumulates in intracellular vesicles designated virus-containing compartments (VCCs). These might play an important role in the constitution of macrophages as viral reservoirs and allow HIV-1 to evade the immune system by sequestration in an internal niche, which is difficult to access from the exterior. However, until now, evidence of whether internal virus accumulations are protected from the host's humoral immune response is still lacking. In order to be able to study the formation and antibody accessibility of VCCs, we generated HIV-1 with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Gag replicating in primary macrophages. Live-cell observations revealed faint initial cytosolic Gag expression and subsequent large intracellular Gag accumulations which stayed stable over days. Taking advantage of the opportunity to study the accessibility of intracellular VCCs via the cell surface, we demonstrate that macrophage internal HIV-1-containing compartments cannot be targeted by neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, HIV-1 was efficiently transferred from antibody-treated macrophages to T cells. Three-dimensional reconstruction of electron microscopic slices revealed that Gag accumulations correspond to viral particles within enclosed compartments and convoluted membranes. Thus, although some VCCs were connected to the plasma membrane, the complex membrane architecture of the HIV-1-containing compartment might shield viral particles from neutralizing antibodies. In sum, our study provides evidence that HIV-1 is sequestered into a macrophage internal membranous web, posing an obstacle for the elimination of this viral reservoir.
Influencers in Polarized Political Networks on Twitter

This study aims to identify influencers roles in political conversations on Twitter and their effect in the online public sphere. We analyze data from three key days during the impeachment process of the ex-president of Brazil, Dilma Rousseff. Using a combination of social network analysis and qualitative approaches, we discuss these political influencers and their role in the conversations that took place. Our main findings are: (1) the presence of highly modularized networks, where groups in favor or opposing the impeachment were tightly connected around different influencers; (2) the identification of three different types of influencers, the "opinion leaders", the "informational influencers" and the "activists" and their different roles in the influential process and the polarization of the network.
Orphan Nuclear Receptor GCNF Is Required for the Repression of Pluripotency Genes during Retinoic Acid-Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

ABSTRACT Embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency and differentiation are controlled by a network of transcription factors and signaling molecules. Transcription factors such as Oct4 and Nanog are required for self-renewal and maintain the undifferentiated state of ES cells. Decreases in the expression of these factors indicate the initiation of differentiation of ES cells. Inactivation of the gene encoding the orphan nuclear receptor GCNF showed that it plays an important role in the repression of Oct4 expression in somatic cells during early embryonic development. GCNF −/− ES cells were isolated to study the function of GCNF in the down-regulation of pluripotency genes during differentiation. Loss of repression of ES cell marker genes Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, FGF4, and Stella was observed upon treatment of GCNF −/− ES cells with retinoic acid. The loss of repression of pluripotency genes is either a direct or indirect consequence of loss of GCNF. Both the Oct4 and Nanog genes are direct targets of GCNF repression during ES cell differentiation and early mouse embryonic development. In contrast Sox2 and FGF4 are indirectly regulated by GCNF through Oct4. These findings establish a central role for GCNF in the repression of pluripotency gene expression during retinoic acid-induced ES cell differentiation.