Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONFLICT: THE PARABLE OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN JESUS AND THE REDUCTION OF INTERGROUP IN THE LIGHT OF SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY

This article explores the Parable of the Good Samaritan in its immediate context (Luke 10:25-37), a central New Testament passage, both to assess its meaning for Luke's audience and also to suggest its pertinence to contemporary interest in reducing intergroup tension and conflict, especially between ethnic groups. The article first discusses social identity theory, which was developed by Henri Tajfel et al. and which deals with how groups provide their members a valued sense of identity through (often violent) differentiation from other groups. After next describing the violent history of the intergroup relationship between Judeans and Samaritans, as reflected in New Testament passages such as Luke 9:51-55, the article then presents an analysis of Luke 10:15-37 aimed at determining how Jesus uses the parable to subvert the connection between Judean group identity and the Mosaic law and to propose a new approach to moral behaviour. These exegetical results are then analysed in the light of three approaches to reducing intergroup conflict (crossed categorization, recategorization and decategorization) and the latter is found to be most analogous to the approach taken by the Lucan Jesus. The conclusion suggests the relevance of the parable to contemporary efforts to eliminate intergroup conflict.
Reference Values for Nocturnal Home Polysomnography in Primary Schoolchildren

Abbreviated home polysomnography may be an alternative to laboratory polysomnography in children but is not yet generally accepted, partly due to a lack of reference values. Also, there are no normative data on respiratory events obtained using nasal prongs. We determined the prevalence and frequency of central, obstructive, and mixed apneas and hypopneas in a population-based sample of 50 children (mean age 10.1 years) using abbreviated home polysomnography and nasal prongs. We also determined the frequency of movements/arousals and body position changes. All children had central apneas. Obstructive apneas, mixed apneas, and hypopneas were found in 36%, 6%, and 14% of children, respectively. Average number of central, obstructive, and mixed apneas; hypopneas; movement/arousals; and body position changes per hour of sleep was 1.5, 0.1, 0.01, 0.02, 8.2, and 3.7, respectively. The corresponding cutoff values (mean plus 2 standard deviations or 95th centile) were 3.7, 0.7, 0.1, 0.2, 13.4, and 9.1, respectively. We did not find significant gender differences regarding any sleep variable under study. The presented reference values may help clinicians and researchers to improve the interpretation of abbreviated home polysomnography in school-age children.
The decline and fall of hemispheric specialization . R. Efron. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1990.

Clearly, I have a different viewpoint than Bouvet, who seems to feel that the fundamental goal of Deaf education is integration of the children into hearing society (and helping them to function so that no one knows they are Deaf) rather than their optimal personal and cognitive development. The book does present some interesting theoretical ideas. As a treatise of bilingual education of Deaf children, however, it falls short.
Event-Based Mutation Testing vs. State-Based Mutation Testing - An Experimental Comparison

Model-based testing (MBT) focuses on relevant, mostly user-centric features of the system under consideration (SUC) and enables test case generation without requiring source code. Depending on these features and the preferences of the tester, modeling can be event-based or state-based. This paper compares both techniques using mutation testing, which is originally code-based, but has recently been extended to enable also MBT. For the comparison, the paper introduces frameworks that are composed of a set of models, a set of mutation operators, a set of coverage criteria, and a set of test generation algorithms. The introduced concepts and notions are demonstrated over a case study based on a large web-based commercial portal. Analysis of the experimental data yields results on the discussed frameworks reviewing benefits and drawbacks of event-based and state-based testing.
Radar Imaging Through Cinderblock Walls: Achievable Performance by a Model-Corrected Linear Inverse Scattering Approach

We address the problem of imaging targets located behind an inhomogeneous wall made with cinderblocks. The problem, which has relevance in through-wall-imaging applications, is characterized by the presence of multipath propagation phenomena usually producing artifacts and distortions in the retrieved images, if not suitably accounted for in the scattering model. The strategy here adopted to mitigate this issue is to employ a linearized scattering model based on the Born approximation, where the kernel of the relevant integral equation is evaluated numerically by means of the finite-difference time-domain method. In this way, the complexity of the background scenario is accurately taken into account. The inversion is successfully performed by the truncated singular value decomposition algorithm so as to regularize the inverse problem. The achievable imaging capabilities are analyzed in terms of resolution limits, and most notably, resolution can be effectively enhanced, owing to multipath exploitation. Numerical tests based on synthetic data are reported to assess the reconstruction performance in the case of canonical objects.
On Interference Avoidance Through Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) Based on OFDMA Mobile Systems

The widely accepted OFDMA air interface technology has recently been adopted in most mobile standards by the wireless industry. However, similar to other frequency-time multiplexed systems, their performance is limited by inter-cell interference. To address this performance degradation, interference mitigation can be employed to maximize the potential capacity of such interference-limited systems. This paper surveys key issues in mitigating interference and gives an overview of the recent developments of a promising mitigation technique, namely, interference avoidance through inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC). By using optimization theory, an ICIC problem is formulated in a multi-cell OFDMA-based system and some research directions in simplifying the problem and associated challenges are given. Furthermore, we present the main trends of interference avoidance techniques that can be incorporated in the main ICIC formulation. Although this paper focuses on 3GPP LTE/LTE-A mobile networks in the downlink, a similar framework can be applied for any typical multi-cellular environment based on OFDMA technology. Some promising future directions are identified and, finally, the state-of-the-art interference avoidance techniques are compared under LTE-system parameters.
Detection of phishing webpages based on visual similarity

An approach to detection of phishing webpages based on visual similarity is proposed, which can be utilized as a part of an enterprise solution for anti-phishing. A legitimate webpage owner can use this approach to search the Web for suspicious webpages which are visually similar to the true webpage. A webpage is reported as a phishing suspect if the visual similarity is higher than its corresponding preset threshold. Preliminary experiments show that the approach can successfully detect those phishing webpages for online use.
Rapid Blue-Carba test: reduction in the detection time of carbapenemases performed from a 4-hour bacterial lawn

The increase in carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria is a matter of concern due to the limited therapeutic options available. In severe infections caused by these isolates, the rapid detection of the mechanisms of resistance is vital. We described a slightly modified version of the Blue-Carba test, rapid Blue-Carba test, which allows the detection of carbapenemases at 4 h of incubation from a haze of bacterial growth obtained from a positive blood culture. It was able to detect carbapenemase-producing isolates (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii) with a sensitivity and specificity of 98.1 and 100%, respectively. It is a rapid, easy-to-perform and an inexpensive technique that can be applied to routine laboratories, together with the simultaneous identification by mass spectrometry which would help to screen non-enzymatic carbapenem resistance; this method allows the detection of clinically relevant multidrug-resistant bacteria and the early implementation of accurate therapeutic interventions.
Postconcussive symptoms in OEF-OIF veterans: factor structure and impact of posttraumatic stress.

PURPOSE Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are reporting postconcussive symptoms (PCSx) in addition to experiencing postdeployment physical and emotional comorbidities. The Veterans Health Administration has mandated specialized evaluation and treatment for veterans with a history of mTBI and has suggested widespread use of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) as a measure of PCSx. This study evaluated the NSI's factor structure and assessed the impact of posttraumatic stress (PTS) on the scale at the item and factor levels. RESEARCH METHOD Five hundred twenty-nine charts of returning veterans who screened positive for traumatic brain injury were reviewed, and 345 who met criteria for mTBI were included in the study. RESULTS Results of factor analysis on the NSI revealed a difficult-to-interpret factor structure that was inconsistent with the results of civilian studies. PTS explained 5%-38% of the variance in individual PCSx, and after controlling for this variance, the factor structure more closely paralleled findings from the civilian literature. CONCLUSION PTS is an important variable to account for when evaluating PCSx in veterans. Research and clinical implications for the measurement and interpretation of self-reported PCSx are discussed.
The angular-metric traveling salesman problem

Motivated by applications in robotics, we formulate the problem of minimizing the total angle cost of a TSP tour for a set of points in Euclidean space, where the angle cost of a tour is the sum of the direction changes at the points. We establish the NP-hardness of both this problem and its relaxation to the cycle cover problem. We then consider the issue of designing approximation algorithms for these problems and show that both problems can be approximated to within a ratio of O(log n) in polynomial time. We also consider the problem of simultaneously approximating both the angle and the length measure for a TSP tour. In studying the resulting tradeoff, we choose to focus on the sum of the two performance ratios and provide tight bounds on the sum. Finally, we consider the extremal value of the angle measure and obtain essentially tight bounds for it. In this extended abstract we restrict our attention to the planar setting, but all our results are easily extended to higher dimensions.
INTRODUCTORYCOLLEGE PHYSICS STUDENTS' MENTAL MODELS OF FRICTION AND RELATED PHENOMENA AT THE MICROSCOPIC LEVEL

We investigated introductory college physics students’ mental models of friction and lubrication through semi-structured clinical interviews. Our results show that students’ mental models of friction at the atomic level are dominated by their macroscopic experiences. Students often believe that friction is produced when two macroscopic surfaces come into contact and rub against each other. Friction at the atomic level then, according to these students, should therefore be just the mechanical interactions (interlocking or rubbing) of the atoms. These results will guide the design of teaching interview protocols that will enable students to develop metaconceptual awareness between the macroscopic and microscopic world and likewise enable us to study in more detail the dynamics of model construction/reconstruction of students in the context of friction.
Self-esteem and facilitative close relationships: A cross-lagged panel correlation analysis

A cross-lagged panel correlation analysis was used to test the Rogerian-derived hypothesis that self-esteem is determined by the extent to which a person has a close current relationship which is seen as being characterized by unconditional positive regard, empathy and congruence. The revised Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale were given to 35 female and 27 male students on two occasions separated by 15 weeks. This prediction was statistically supported when these facilitative conditions were summed together but not when they were analysed separately. In addition, the cross-lagged comparisons between the facilitative conditions suggested that the perception of empathy preceded that of congruence which in turn preceded that of level of regard.
Clustering using SOFM and genetic algorithm

In this analysis a process to demarcate areas with analogous wind conditions is shown. For this purpose a dispersion graph between the wind directions will be traced for all stations placed in the studied zone. These distributions will be compared among themselves using the centroids extracted with SOFM algorithm. This information will be used to build a matrix, allowing us working simultaneously with all relations. By permutation of elements in this matrix it is possible to group relationed stations.
Size Effect in Fracture of Concrete Specimens and Structures: New Problems and Progress

Presented is a concise summary of recent Northwestern University studies of six new problems. First, the decrease of fracture energy during crack propagation through a boundary layer, documented by Hu and Wittmann, is shown to be captured by a cohesive crack model in which the softening tail slope depends on the distance from boundary (which causes an apparent size effect on fracture energy and implies that the nonlocal damage model is more fundamental than the cohesive crack model). Second, an improved universal size effect law giving a smooth transition between failures at large cracks (or notches) and at crack initiation is presented. Third, a recent renewed proposal that the nominal strength variation as a function of notch depth be used for measuring fracture energy is critically examined. Fourth, numerical results and a formula describing the size effect of finite-angle notches are presented. Fifth, a new size effect law derivation from dimensional analysis coupled with asymptotic matching is given. Finally, an improved code-type formula for shear capacity of R.C. beams is proposed.
Fast, accurate a priori routing delay estimation

We propose in this paper a novel approach for speeding timing closure. We focus on the problem of accurate post-routing delay estimation from a given placement. Post-routing delays differ from placement delays due to factors such as net topology, layer assignment and congestion. Fundamental to our approach is utilizing an existing base design to predict future designs. We present four wire-delay estimation techniques based on: delay fitting, Steiner-aware delay fitting, Steiner-aware RC sampling, and scaled Steiner-aware RC sampling. We apply our techniques to several designs, and using an industrial flow, we demonstrate that it is possible to estimate the routing delays with an average estimation error of 16% on benchmark circuits. These results are of practical value, and improve on the state-of-the-art industrial estimation capabilities.
Event Analysis in Social Media Using Clustering of Heterogeneous Information Networks

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for social media event finding in order to support fast access to information that users find relevant. While there are many approaches related to this problem, they mainly focus on homogeneous data, such as either the text of the posts, or the network of users. Our research focuses on combining multiple types of data from social media in a heterogeneous network. We propose different graph-based models using users, posts, and concepts extracted from the post content to represent the social media network. We analyse the resulted heterogeneous network, and use it in order to cluster posts by different topics and events. Our preliminary results show improvement over the methods that typically use only one type of data.
Processing, shedding, and endocytosis of membrane type 1‐matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are multidomain zinc‐dependent proteolytic enzymes that play pivotal roles in many normal and pathological processes. Some members of the MMP family are anchored to the plasma membrane via specialized domains and thus are perfectly suited for pericellular proteolysis. Membrane‐anchoring also confers the membrane type‐MMPs (MT‐MMPs) a unique and complex array of regulatory processes that endow cells with the ability to control MT‐MMP‐dependent proteolytic activity independently of the levels of endogenous protease inhibitors. Emerging evidence indicates that mechanisms as diverse as autocatalytic processing, ectodomain shedding, homodimerization and internalization can all contribute to the modulation of MT‐MMP activity on the cell surface. How these distinct processes interact to attain the optimal level of enzyme activity in a particular setting and the molecular signals that trigger them constitute a new paradigm in MMP regulation. This review will discuss the recent findings concerning these diverse regulatory mechanisms in the context of MT1‐MMP (MMP‐14). © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Entrepreneurial Metaphors and Concepts: An Exploratory Study

IN THE PAST RESEARCH THERE HAS BEEN continued controversy over the definition of entrepreneurship and the identification of entrepreneur. By combining the ideas of entrepreneurship and linguistics, this paper takes a new approach to examining the definitions. An exploratory analysis of entrepreneurial metaphors and concepts is conducted to achieve this goal. In a quantitative analysis of entrepreneurial concepts respondents defined the terms 'entrepreneur' and 'entrepreneurship' with suggested conceptual equivalents. In an analysis of metaphor, informants formed metaphoricalexpressions of entrepreneurship. The sample consisted of 751 respondents from Finland, Sweden, Norway, Ireland, Canada and Australia. Entrepreneurs perceived the concepts more positively than other respondents. The same applied to differences between females and males respectively. In a cross-cultural comparison, the Scandinavians held more favourable views than their English-speaking counterparts. This might reflect the current, very positive socio-economic climate in Northern Europe towards entrepreneurial activities. As to the entrepreneurial metaphors, they were grouped into following semantic categories: 'Machine (ry) and other PhysicalObjects', 'Warfare and Adventure', 'Sports andGames', 'Creativity and Activity', 'Nature', 'Disease', Food Items', and 'Special Features'. The metaphorical statements revealed the paradoxical nature of respondents' perceptions of entrepreneurs and their ventures. A majority of the metaphors contained very positive, even idealistic images. Especially in the Finnish sample they seemed to conjure up glorifying images of entrepreneurs as some kind of modern day heroes whose independent and industrious actions are of priceless value to society. At the same time, there were numerous metaphors with negative, cynical or downgrading undertones. The critical observations often highlighted egotistic qualities associated with entrepreneurs.
A gel-based method for purification of apolipoprotein A-I from small volumes of plasma

We present here a gel-based method for rapid purification of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) from small volumes of human plasma. After isolation of high density lipoprotein from plasma, the apoA-I protein was separated by electrophoresis and the apoA-I band excised from the gel. The apoA-I was then eluted from the gel strip, concentrated, and delipidated ready for use. The structure and function of the gel-purified apoA-I protein was compared against apoA-I purified by the traditional size-exclusion chromatography method. The α-helical content of the gel-purified apoA-I as determined by circular dichroism was similar to chromatography-purified apoA-I. The functional activity of gel-purified apoA-I, as determined by cholesterol efflux assays in primary human fibroblasts and RAW264.7 macrophages, was also comparable with chromatography-purified apoA-I. This method is a valid alternative for apoA-I purification with some advantages over traditional chromatography purification including a much reduced plasma volume requirement, less time and cost, and a higher percentage protein recovery. The method is particularly suitable for applications requiring the purification of apoA-I from multiple human or animal samples of interest.
SUPPLEMENT TO “IDENTIFYING SOCIAL INTERACTIONS THROUGH CONDITIONAL VARIANCE RESTRICTIONS: ADDITIONAL EMPIRICAL RESULTS, SPECIFICATION

SINCE THE ESTIMATOR PROPOSED in the paper is based on a simple conditional moment restriction, standard approaches to specification testing are available (e.g., the Sargan–Hansen test of overidentifying restrictions). However, as in any application, it is helpful to think about specific directions of misspecification and to construct tests accordingly. As an example, note that an implication of Assumption 1.2 (as stated in the paper) is that class size/type and teacher characteristics are ‘stochastically separable’ in the production of academic achievement. This appendix outlines a test for this assumption. Assume that teachers have L latent attributes ac = (ac1 acL)′ Conditional random assignment ensures that
Sufficient conditions for closed-loop control over a Gaussian relay channel

The problem of remotely stabilizing a noisy first order linear time invariant system with an arbitrary distributed initial state over a general half-duplex white Gaussian relay channel is addressed. We propose to use linear and memoryless communication and control strategies which are based on the Schalkwijk-Kailath coding scheme. By employing the proposed scheme over the general half-duplex Gaussian relay channel, we derive sufficient conditions for mean square stability of the noisy first order linear time invariant dynamical system.
Sharing information in Kenya: Communication and information policy considerations and consequences for rural women

This essay examines communication and information policy considerations from the standpoint of Kenyan women, particularly rural women. Present policy and the historical and political context in which discussions have been taking place are reviewed. A 1991 seminar provides an illustration of how women's needs are neglected in discussions. Assuming a commitment to represent women's needs in policy making, I suggest four areas that must be addressed: (1) women's employment in media and information institutions; (2) women's access to useful information through media and information technologies and other forms of communication; (3) representations of women in media and information content; and (4) gender-sensitive criteria in choices of media and in the acquisition of technologies.
Helping Strangers Is Lower in Embedded Cultures

The embeddedness cultural value orientation regards the extended in-group, not the individual, as the key social unit. Embedded cultures focus on the welfare of the in-group, limiting concern for outsiders’ well-being. Therefore, the authors hypothesized that people in high-embeddedness cultures are less helpful to strangers in need. They related countries’ embeddedness scores to rates of helping strangers in three field experiments across 21 countries. Large cross-national differences in helping strangers related strongly and negatively to cultural embeddedness in subsets of wealthy and developing countries. This suggests that prevailing cultural values affect the way people relate to needy others outside their in-group.