Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluid and electrolyte balance in burns.

No insult to the body equals a burn in intensity. A severe, untreated burn causes death by initiating incredibly large and rapid shifts of fluids. In burns as well as in other conditions associated with fluid derangements, present day therapy is based on the assumption that optimal care consists of the administration of fluids at the same rate and in the same volume and composition in which they are lost. For instance, the best therapy for a patient who loses 500 cc. of blood during an operation is the administration of the same quantity of blood as rapidly as it is being lost. During the past 10 years, experimental and clinical data have yielded valuable information concerning the volume and rate of fluid losses in burns. Knowledge concerning the composition of fluid losses in burns remains fragmentary, however, and, to a large extent, conjectural. Treatment is correspondingly imperfect. Despite the
Machine-Learning Identification of Airborne UAV-UEs Based on LTE Radio Measurements

The overall cellular network performance can be optimized for both ground and aerial users, if different treatment is given for the two user classes. Airborne UAVs experience different radio conditions that terrestrial users due to clearance in the radio path, which leads to strong desired signal reception, but at the same time increases the interference. Based on this, one can for instance use different interference coordination techniques for aerial users as for terrestrial user and/or use specific mobility settings for each class. This paper compares three different classification algorithms, which use standard LTE measurements from the UE as input, for detecting the presence of airborne users in the network. The algorithms are evaluated based on measurements done with mobile phones attached under a flying drone and on a car. Results are discussed showing the advantages and drawbacks for each option regarding different use cases, and the compromise between specificity and sensibility. For the collected data results show reliability close to 99% in most cases and also discuss how waiting for the final decision can even improve this accuracy to values close to 100%.
Hybrid Evolutionary Optimization of Two-Stage Stochastic Integer Programming Problems: An Empirical Investigation

In this contribution, we consider decision problems on a moving horizon with significant uncertainties in parameters. The information and decision structure on moving horizons enables recourse actions which correct the here-and-now decisions whenever the horizon is moved a step forward. This situation is reflected by a mixed-integer recourse model with a finite number of uncertainty scenarios in the form of a two-stage stochastic integer program. A stage decomposition-based hybrid evolutionary algorithm for two-stage stochastic integer programs is proposed that employs an evolutionary algorithm to determine the here-and-now decisions and a standard mathematical programming method to optimize the recourse decisions. An empirical investigation of the scale-up behavior of the algorithms with respect to the number of scenarios exhibits that the new hybrid algorithm generates good feasible solutions more quickly than a state of the art exact algorithm for problem instances with a high number of scenarios.
Policy dialogue with Indian parliamentarians

According to the latest Human Development Report of the United Nations, the world is facing a development crisis and many poor nations are experiencing severe soci~ economic reversals (UNDP 2003). While a significant amount of resources is being devoted to poverty alleviation programs, development indicators continue to deteriorate in many parts of the world. The authors of this article believe that one of the many factors limiting the development of poor countries is the lack of utilisation of sound research by policyand decision-makers. The non/under-utilisation of research in the policy process has been identified in literature (Caplan 1979; Booth 1988; Nutley, Davies & Smith 1999) and theories attempting to explain the complex process for knowledge utilisation abound (Landry, Amara & Lamari 1999). Acknowledging those who are skeptical of the need to make public policy more evidence-based, we assume that research is nonetheless valuable, especially when it measures the effectiveness of public policy interventions (Nutley & Davies 2000). This article focuses on the relationship between knowledge-generators or knowledge-agents1 and those who are responsible for making broad sweeping policy changes: parliamentarians. 2 In doing so, it offers a case study documenting the interaction between scientists from the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), a World Bank supported consortium of international and agricultural research centres, and a group of Indian parliamentarians. The article finds that when engaging with information exchange with parliamentarians, knowledge-generators should focus on building networks of stakeholders, be sensitive towards political realities such as time and electoral pressures, and take advantage of policy windows of opportunity. Furthermore,
Synthesis of the laryngeal source of throat singing using a 2x2-mass model

Singing voices have various timbres. Throat singing and some other Asian traditional singing voices have a pressed timbre that is significantly different from the European classic singing voice. In our previous study on throat singing, the vibration of the false vocal folds as well as that of the vocal folds was observed and was found to be essentially due to the pressed timbre. This paper describes a 2×2-mass model as a physical model, defines an adduction parameterization of its parameters, and presents a simulation of vocal fold and false vocal fold vibrations in the larynx. Furthermore, a visual simulator of the laryngeal movements is demonstrated. By using this model, the vibration patterns of the two different laryngeal voices in throat singing (the squeezed and karygraa voices) and the normal pressed voice have been simulated. The results show the possibility of synthesis of various timbres for singing.
Pharmacokinetics and Protein Binding of Propofol in Patients with Cirrhosis

The pharmacokinetics and protein binding of propofol were studied in ten patients with cirrhosis and in ten control patients undergoing elective surgery. All patients received 2.5 mg.kg−1 propofol as an intravenous bolus injection for the induction of anesthesia. Whole blood propofol concentrations were measured at intervals up to 12 h, using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Propofol protein binding was estimated by equilibrium dialysis 10 min after injection of propofol. Individual propofol profiles for all patients were best described by a three-compartment open mammillary model. Rapid and slow propofol distribution half-times were observed, followed by an elimination phase with a half-time of 4–5 h. Propofol total body clearance was reduced (1.99 ± 0.68 1-min−1) in the patients with cirrhosis but did not differ significantly from that in the control patients (2.30 ± 0.61 1-min−1). The apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was similar in the two groups. No significant difference in elimination half-life was observed between the two groups. Propofol was extensively bound (mean: 97–98%) to the plasma protein of both cirrhotic and control groups. This study shows that propofol phnrmacokinetics and protein binding of propofol following a single intravenous bolus dose were not markedly affected by uncomplicated cirrhosis of the liver.
The corporate governance of banks

This paper examines the corporate governance of banks. When banks efficiently mobilize and allocate funds, this lowers the cost of capital to firms, boosts capital formation, and stimulates productivity growth. Thus, weak governance of banks reverberates throughout the economy with negative ramifications for economic development. After reviewing the major governance concepts for corporations in general, this paper discusses two special attributes of banks that make them special in practice: greater opaqueness than other industries and greater government regulation. These attributes weaken many traditional governance mechanisms. Next, the paper reviews emerging evidence on which government policies enhance the governance of banks and draws tentative policy lessons. In sum, existing work suggests that it is important to strengthen the ability and incentives of private investors to exert governance over banks rather than relying excessively on government regulators.
How Physical Education Teachers Undermine the Profession by Grading Effort and Participation

Assessment in education is used as a means to determine whether a student is making progress. Historically within physical education, the components of assessment have varied and include measures of skill competency and improvement, but also other variables such as dressing out, participation, and effort. Unfortunately, many physical education teachers emphasize the importance of effort and participation which devalues the rigor of the discipline. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to consider the literature associated with assessment in physical education. An explanation of how current grading practices may negatively impact the profession is explained with a proposed alternative to including effort, participation, and other ancillary components into a physical education grade.
Performance and completeness in repeated inter-firm relationships: the case of franchising

We analyze factors determining contractual completeness in distribution channel relationships and how they influence performance. We argue that investing in completing the franchise contract is profitable when contractual hazards are high, as in the presence of asset specificity and reputational capital. We also claim that contracts cannot be completed without having experienced different problems and contingencies arising from former exchanges. We evaluate these hypotheses using a treatment regression model and an original sample of 74 franchise contracts. Analysis of our data broadly supports our hypotheses except for the influence of franchisor’s reputation. Results suggest that completeness is profitable only when relevant contractual hazards are dealt with. Finally, contractual learning seems to be as important as other production factors which become the strategic resources of the firm.
An Oracle based on Image Comparison for Regression Testing of Web Applications

Much work has been done on automating regression testing for Web applications, but most of them focus on test data generation or test execution. Little work has been done on automatically determining if a test passed or failed; testers would need to visually confirm the result which can be a tedious task. The difficulty is compounded by the fact that parts of a Web page (such as advertisements) may change each time the Web application is executed even though it has no bearing on the Web application function itself. We thus propose a test oracle for automatically determining the result of regression testing a Web application. The key point of our approach is the identification of parts that may change, which we call variable region. We first generate the expected result, by executing the original (premodification) Web application multiple times so that variable regions can be identified. Then, after the Web application is modified, regression testing is conducted by comparing the output of the modified Web application against the expected output. An evaluation confirmed the usefulness of our approach. Keywordsweb application testing; regression test; image compar-
A comparison of images generated from diffusion‐weighted and diffusion‐tensor imaging data in hyper‐acute stroke

To compare isotropic (combined diffusion‐weighted image [CMB], apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], TRACE, exponential ADC [eADC], and isotropically‐weighted diffusion image [isoDWI]) and anisotropic (relative anisotropy [RA], fractional anisotropy [FA], and volume ratio [VR]) diffusion images collected with fast magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion‐weighted (DWI) and diffusion‐tensor (DTI) acquisition strategies (each less than one minute) in hyper‐acute stroke.
Comparison between generalized retinal arteriolar narrowing and left ventricular mass in young untreated hypertensive patients

Purpose. This study aims to examine the relationship between retinal arteriolar narrowing and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients. Methods. A total of 30 patients with a recent history of hypertension (22 M, 8 F; 33±8; BMI 24,96 ± 2.8;), consecutively referred to the Hypertension Unit by their family doctors, were studied. Generalized retinal arteriolar narrowing was measured by two ophthalmologists from computer‐scanned images on retinal photographs, and summarized as arteriole‐to‐venule ratio (AVR). Left ventricular hypertrophy was evaluated by quantitative M‐mode echocardiography. Results. All patients were stratified according to the 2003 European Society of Hypertension (ESH) guidelines: 20 subjects (66.7%) were affected by hypertension grade 1, and 10 (33.3%) were affected by hypertension grade 2. Retinal vessel diameters did not differ significantly by grade 1 vs grade 2 hypertension. Echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 10 (33%) patients. No significant correlation was shown between arteriole‐to‐venule ratio (AVR) and left ventricular mass. [Spearman r = 0.22; p = 0.23]. Conclusions. We suggest some explanations for the fact that we did not find any correlation between AVR and left ventricular mass. Further clinical studies are required for a greater understanding as to whether early microvascular changes relate with other clinical indicators of hypertensive organ damage.
Human Platelets Express Functional Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Receptors: a Potential Role in Platelet Activation in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background: Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has been shown to be expressed in various inflammatory tissues, such as human atherosclerotic plaques. Many types of myeloid cells involved in atherosclerosis, including mast cells, lymphocytes, dendritic cells and monocytes/macrophages, present TSLP receptors (TSLPR). However, it is unknown whether platelets, which also play important roles in atherothrombosis, express TSLPR. Methods and Results: We applied flow cytometry and western blotting to show that TSLPR was expressed on the surface of human platelets. Following the addition of TSLP to platelets, the expression of CD62P, CD63, PAC-1 and p-Akt as well as aggregation and ATP release were increased significantly. A TSLPR antibody and a PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) enzyme inhibitor (LY294002) significantly inhibited the platelet activation induced by TSLP. The expression of TSLPR, CD62P and CD63 and the increment of the expression of CD62P and CD63 induced by TSLP in the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) group were markedly higher than those in the control group and the stable angina pectoris (SAP) group. The expression and the increment of the expression of CD62P and CD63 induced by TSLP were positively correlated with the expression of TSLPR. Conclusion: Human platelets express functional TSLPR, which can be activated by TSLP to promote platelet activation. TSLP/TSLPR functions via activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, and this signalling pathway may be one of the mechanisms involved in thrombosis in ACS. In coronary disease patients, the determination of TSLPR in platelets may help to identify the risk of ACS.
Self-assessment for business excellence

Why assess business excellence the European Business Excellence Model doing self-assessment getting started data collection the position report assessment scoring and consensus the site visit the feedback report linking business excellence to the bottom line a framework for strategic planning driving continuous business improvement the European Quality Award other major awards what it takes to win the European business excellence criteria.
Music Genre Classification and Similarity Calculation Using Bass-Line Features

Various studies on music information retrieval have been conducted. Most of them used low-level features such as spectral and cepstral features, which are effective to some extent but have a limit because they do not directly or clearly correspond to any musical aspects. In this paper, we design new audio features to be extracted from bass lines.Because bass lines play important roles in both harmonic and rhythmic aspects and have a different style for each music genre, our bass-line features are expected to improve the similarity measure and classification accuracy. We also report applications of our bass-line features to music genre classification and musical similarity calculation.
Demo paper: Particle-based augmented reality interactive system

With enhanced processing capability of mobile platforms, augmented reality (AR) has been considered a promising technology for achieving enhanced user experiences (UX). AR is to impose virtual information onto the real camera view of mobile platforms. In this demonstration, a particle-based augmented reality interactive system (PARIS) is designed to provide interactive AR for enhanced UX. The proposed PARIS consists of two parts, including the markerless pattern recognition (MPR) enabling the projection of recognized 3-D objects onto the real camera view and particle filter based hand tracking algorithms to provide interaction with the 3-D objects. Implementation of PARIS is realized on Android-based mobile platforms, where low computational complexity has been observed for real-time interaction.
Shopping Tourism, Retailing, and Leisure

Preface. Chapter One: Leisure Consumption, Shopping and Tourism Chapter Two: Recreational Shopping, Leisure and Labour Chapter Three: Shopping Tourism Chapter Four: Tourist Shopping Chapter Five: What Tourists Buy: The Ubiquitous Souvenir Chapter Six: Shopping Venues and Contexts Chapter Seven: Management Issues for Place and People Chapter Eight: Conclusion References Index
A legacy of waste: Reflections on literature and the environment

both the object and, albeit distantly, the origin of our discourse [ . ]. Ecocritics remain suspicious of the idea of science as wholly objective and value-free, but they are in the unusual position as cultural critics of having to defer, in the last analysis, to a scienti ﬁ c understanding of the world. (10)
The Impact of Market Reforms on Competition, Structure and Performance of the Philippine Economy

The paper studies the impact of trade liberalization on competition and productivity. Competition is the main channel through which trade liberalization affects economic performance. Competition fosters innovation and technology adoption which leads to increases in competitiveness and growth that will have large consequences for poverty and inequality. To realize these expected effects, it is important that firms change their behavior and adjust to the new market environment. The success of reforms depends to a great extent on the capacity of firms to exploit the new competitive conditions in the market and on their ability to take advantage of the opportunities offered to them. Firms, however, will not venture into the unknown and uncertain. They will only take advantage of the new market opportunities if the government program for implementing policy reforms is a credible one. Policy reversals, delays in timetable, and inconsistent decision-making may undermine the success of liberalization. Hence, the overall environment for market transactions is also an essential ingredient. Therefore, the strength of competition is a function not only of the behavior of firms but also of the external environment within which they compete. This includes the state of transport and communications, framework of laws and regulations, effectiveness of the financial system in matching investment resources with entrepreneurial opportunities, as well as information available to consumers. The experience of the Philippine manufacturing sector shows that which despite liberalization, competition and productivity growth have remained weak due to inadequate physical and institutional infrastructure.
Quality of Sleep in Early Chronic Kidney Disease Patients : A Cross Sectional Study

Sleep disorders and their etiology in dialysis population have received increasing attention over the last decade. However there occurrence in predialysis patients which bears highest burden of Chronic kidney disease (CKD) population, is still a neglected area. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of „poor sleep‟ in early CKD patients (stage 2-4) and to examine the association between quality of sleep and various demographic and biochemical parameters. Quality of sleep was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in 100 prevalent CKD Stage 2-4 patients and daytime sleepiness, using Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS). Other biochemical parameters were reviewed from case-records of patients. Sixty-two subjects were „poor sleepers‟ defined as a global PSQI score of >5.There was no statistically significant correlation between quality of sleep and blood urea and serum creatinine however ‟Poor sleep‟ correlated significantly with age (p= 0.014), BMI (p= 0.020), anemia (p=0.013) and ESS score (p<0.001). „Poor sleep‟ is common in predialysis population. Quality of sleep decreases in the early stages of CKD and does not appear to be associated with the subsequent degree of renal failure. Large prospective longitudinal studies of quality of sleep in CKD patients are needed to examine the association between deterioration of renal function and quality of sleep while controlling for potential confounding variables.
Lipid Nanoparticles : Future of Oral Drug Delivery and their Current Trends and Regulatory Issues

Lipid based nanoparticles have proved to be a boon to pharma research. It has offered a wide scope to fabricate drug delivery systems for hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic drug candidates with the advantage of being biocompatible, safe and nontoxic dosage forms with better drug loading and easy characterization parameters. Their scaling up being an easy task, has encouraged their industrial application. The article beautifully summarizes the different types of lipid nanoparticles, their methods of preparation, methods of characterization, regulatory aspects governing these nanoparticles, current trends and some developed lipid nanoparticles have also been listed so as to provide readers a deep insight into the vast scope of lipid based nanoparticles and their advantages.
Low-energy electron scattering by tetrahydrofuran

Cross sections for elastic scattering of low-energy electrons by tetrahydrofuran, a prototype for the furanose ring found in the backbone of DNA, have been measured and calculated over a wide energy range, with an emphasis on energies below 6 eV, where previous data are scarce. The measurements employ a thin-aperture version of the relative-flow method, while the calculations employ the Schwinger multichannel method with an extensive treatment of polarization effects. Comparisons with earlier results, both experimental and theoretical, are presented and discussed. A proper accounting for the strong permanent electric dipole of tetrahydrofuran is found to be essential to obtaining reliable cross sections, especially at energies below 5 eV.