Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Code completion with statistical language models

We address the problem of synthesizing code completions for programs using APIs. Given a program with holes, we synthesize completions for holes with the most likely sequences of method calls. Our main idea is to reduce the problem of code completion to a natural-language processing problem of predicting probabilities of sentences. We design a simple and scalable static analysis that extracts sequences of method calls from a large codebase, and index these into a statistical language model. We then employ the language model to find the highest ranked sentences, and use them to synthesize a code completion. Our approach is able to synthesize sequences of calls across multiple objects together with their arguments. Experiments show that our approach is fast and effective. Virtually all computed completions typecheck, and the desired completion appears in the top 3 results in 90% of the cases.
The Phosphatase PHLPP Controls the Cellular Levels of Protein Kinase C*

The life cycle of protein kinase C (PKC) is controlled by multiple phosphorylation and dephosphorylation steps. The maturation of PKC requires three ordered phosphorylations, one at the activation loop and two at COOH-terminal sites, the turn motif and the hydrophobic motif, to yield a stable and signaling-competent enzyme. Dephosphorylation of the enzyme leads to protein degradation. We have recently discovered a novel family of protein phosphatases named PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) whose members terminate Akt signaling by dephosphorylating the hydrophobic motif on Akt. Here we show that the two PHLPP isoforms, PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, also dephosphorylate the hydrophobic motif on PKC βII, an event that shunts PKC to the detergent-insoluble fraction, effectively terminating its life cycle. Deletion mutagenesis reveals that the PH domain is necessary for the effective dephosphorylation of PKC βII by PHLPP in cells, whereas the PDZ-binding motif, required for Akt regulation, is dispensable. The phorbol ester-mediated dephosphorylation of the hydrophobic site, but not the turn motif or activation loop, is insensitive to okadaic acid, consistent with PHLPP, a PP2C family member, controlling the hydrophobic site. In addition, knockdown of PHLPP expression reduces the rate of phorbol ester-triggered dephosphorylation of the hydrophobic motif, but not turn motif, of PKC α. Last, we show that depletion of PHLPP in colon cancer and normal breast epithelial cells results in an increase in conventional and novel PKC levels. These data reveal that PHLPP controls the cellular levels of PKC by specifically dephosphorylating the hydrophobic motif, thus destabilizing the enzyme and promoting its degradation.
Ocular impairment in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury

Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries (mTBI) and concussions are complex injuries with high incidence rates in children and adolescents. There currently exists no 'gold standard' for the diagnosis of concussions, and detection and monitoring are made challenging by highly variable clinical presentations. There is growing evidence that mTBI is associated with oculomotor impairment in adults, and that this type of deficit may serve as a marker for the injury. The literature indicates the question has never been addressed in pediatric mTBI. The research presented here sought to address this knowledge gap by first evaluating smooth pursuit and fixational eye movement integrity in a cohort of children and adolescents suffering from mTBI, and then comparing their performances to control participants not having sustained a head injury. The research yielded mixed findings. On the one hand, we found that fixational eye movements are not impaired in pediatric mTBI; measures of fixational eye movement integrity were comparable across groups. On the other hand, selective deficits in smooth pursuit eye movements were found. Synchronization of eye movement with target motion was significantly poorer for mTBI patients. Their abilities to trace target trajectory accurately and to match target velocity, however, were not found to be impaired. It remains unclear whether the observed deficits were caused by disrupted function of the smooth pursuit system proper, by damage to areas that modulate smooth pursuit through top-down influence, or by a combination of both. These preliminary results suggest that select smooth pursuit paradigms could play a role for diagnosing pediatric mTBI, and reinforce the need for further studies in this novel area of research. %%%%Les Traumatismes Crâniens Legers (TCL) et les commotions cerebrales sont des blessures complexes auxquelles les enfants et les adolescents sont particulierement a risque. Il n'existe pas actuellement d'outil objectif pour le diagnostic et le monitorage de ces blessures, qui sont difficiles a gerer en raison de la grande heterogeneite clinique qui les caracterise. Un nombre grandissant d'etudes indique que les TCL peuvent engendrer une dysfonction au niveau des mouvements oculaires chez les adultes, et que ces troubles visuels pourraient servir de marqueurs efficaces pour la detection. La question n'a jamais ete posee chez les enfants. Ce projet tente d'apporter une reponse preliminaire, d'abord en evaluant l'integrite des Mouvements de Poursuite Visuelle (MPV) et de fixation chez des enfants et adolescents atteints d'un TCL, puis en comparant leur performance a celle de sujets controles n'ayant pas subi de blessure a la tete. Les resultats obtenus sont mixtes. Aucune dysfonction au niveau des mouvements de fixation n'a ete decelee; toutes les mesures utilisees pour evaluer les capacites de fixation etaient comparables par groupe. En revanche, des troubles selectifs ont ete detectes au niveau des MPV. Les patients atteints de TCL eprouvaient en moyenne plus de difficulte a synchroniser le…
A Meta-Analysis and Genome-Wide Association Study of Platelet Count and Mean Platelet Volume in African Americans

Several genetic variants associated with platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV) were recently reported in people of European ancestry. In this meta-analysis of 7 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) enrolling African Americans, our aim was to identify novel genetic variants associated with platelet count and MPV. For all cohorts, GWAS analysis was performed using additive models after adjusting for age, sex, and population stratification. For both platelet phenotypes, meta-analyses were conducted using inverse-variance weighted fixed-effect models. Platelet aggregation assays in whole blood were performed in the participants of the GeneSTAR cohort. Genetic variants in ten independent regions were associated with platelet count (N = 16,388) with p<5×10−8 of which 5 have not been associated with platelet count in previous GWAS. The novel genetic variants associated with platelet count were in the following regions (the most significant SNP, closest gene, and p-value): 6p22 (rs12526480, LRRC16A, p = 9.1×10−9), 7q11 (rs13236689, CD36, p = 2.8×10−9), 10q21 (rs7896518, JMJD1C, p = 2.3×10−12), 11q13 (rs477895, BAD, p = 4.9×10−8), and 20q13 (rs151361, SLMO2, p = 9.4×10−9). Three of these loci (10q21, 11q13, and 20q13) were replicated in European Americans (N = 14,909) and one (11q13) in Hispanic Americans (N = 3,462). For MPV (N = 4,531), genetic variants in 3 regions were significant at p<5×10−8, two of which were also associated with platelet count. Previously reported regions that were also significant in this study were 6p21, 6q23, 7q22, 12q24, and 19p13 for platelet count and 7q22, 17q11, and 19p13 for MPV. The most significant SNP in 1 region was also associated with ADP-induced maximal platelet aggregation in whole blood (12q24). Thus through a meta-analysis of GWAS enrolling African Americans, we have identified 5 novel regions associated with platelet count of which 3 were replicated in other ethnic groups. In addition, we also found one region associated with platelet aggregation that may play a potential role in atherothrombosis.
Social Science and Social Action

Elationship between social science and social action as they have developed in the context Of research on violence against wives. After providings brief history of the rise of this social problem in Britain, the social scientist will bc placed in this arena. There, the article examines the existing proposals relating to social science and social action and then develops three fundamental aspects of action research: the methodology. the message, and the relationship between social scientists and statutory bodies and community soups . Throughout, the discussion draws comparisons with the traditional approaches that have not been oriented to action research.
Effects of iron supplementation and depletion on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension: two randomized controlled trials.

CONTEXT Hypoxia is a major cause of pulmonary hypertension in respiratory disease and at high altitude. Recent work has established that the effect of hypoxia on pulmonary arterial pressure may depend on iron status, possibly acting through the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor, but the pathophysiological and clinical importance of this interaction is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine whether increasing or decreasing iron availability modifies altitude-induced hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled protocols conducted in October-November 2008. In the first protocol, 22 healthy sea-level resident men (aged 19-60 years) were studied over 1 week of hypoxia at Cerro de Pasco, Peru (altitude 4340 m). In the second protocol, 11 high-altitude resident men (aged 30-59 years) diagnosed with chronic mountain sickness were studied over 1 month of hypoxia at Cerro de Pasco, Peru. INTERVENTION In the first protocol, participants received intravenous infusions of Fe(III)-hydroxide sucrose (200 mg) or placebo on the third day of hypoxia. In the second protocol, patients underwent staged isovolemic venesection of 2 L of blood. Two weeks later, patients received intravenous infusions of Fe(III)-hydroxide sucrose (400 mg) or placebo, which were subsequently crossed over. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Effect of varying iron availability on pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) assessed by Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS In the sea-level resident protocol, approximately 40% of the pulmonary hypertensive response to hypoxia was reversed by infusion of iron, which reduced PASP by 6 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], 4-8 mm Hg), from 37 mm Hg (95% CI, 34-40 mm Hg) to 31 mm Hg (95% CI, 29-33 mm Hg; P = .01). In the chronic mountain sickness protocol, progressive iron deficiency induced by venesection was associated with an approximately 25% increase in PASP of 9 mm Hg (95% CI, 4-14 mm Hg), from 37 mm Hg (95% CI, 30-44 mm Hg) to 46 mm Hg (95% CI, 40-52 mm Hg; P = .003). During the subsequent crossover period, no acute effect of iron replacement on PASP was detected. CONCLUSION Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension may be attenuated by iron supplementation and exacerbated by iron depletion. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00952302.
HMI-guard: A platform for detecting errors in human-machine interfaces

The HMI-Guard platform opens up a non-intrusive means of guarding against human errors that are introduced by Human-in-the-loop (HITL) interaction via the Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs). Motivation for this framework is partly in response to prevalence of legacy HMI devices (E.g. meters, rotary dials, gauges, alarm indicators, etc.) in industrial control room environments such as in nuclear power plants, aviation and automotive industry that must be manually monitored by trained operators. Alternatively, real-time monitoring of legacy HMI devices requires digital data acquisition which, may require expensive retrofits, design changes and cause production downtime. Moreover, severity of accidents caused due to operator error in manually reading these devices can be reduced if HITL errors are promptly discovered, trended and intervened upon.
Global versus essential post-disaster re-provisioning in telecom mesh networks

Telecommunication networks face large-scale threats, such as natural disasters (earthquake, hurricane, tsunami, etc.) and targeted attacks (weapons of mass destruction). These disasters may simultaneously destroy many network components (nodes and/or links) and cause multi-failure events. Although existing protection schemes can handle some given multi-failure scenarios, it is extremely challenging to solve all possible disaster-failure scenarios with reasonable resource costs and a 100% reliability guarantee. In this paper, we investigate postdisaster restoration strategies for telecom backbone mesh networks (such as wavelength-division multiplexed networks), whose objective is two-fold: to maintain network connectivity (i.e., guarantee a minimal degree of service for the survived connections) and to maximize the traffic flow in the post-disaster network. We study three postdisaster re-provisioning schemes employing different policies for connection rerouting and admissible bandwidth degradation (i.e., provisioning partial bandwidth). These schemes, whose services range from essential to global post-disaster re-provisioning, are the no-degradation reprovisioning (NDR) scheme, the degradation-as-needed re-provisioning (DAN) scheme, and the fairness-aware degradation re-provisioning (FAD) scheme. Corresponding mixed integer linear program models are developed and applied on two representative mesh topologies. Numerical results show that NDR can effectively decrease the connection loss ratio by rerouting some survived connections. However, both DAN and FAD can achieve optimal performance on maintaining connectivity even without rerouting any survived connections. DAN outperforms the other schemes in terms of traffic loss ratio, but it may cause a large difference between the maximum and minimum degradation ratios. FAD can improve the performance in terms of traffic loss ratio by rerouting a few survived connections. In particular, compared with DAN, FAD can provide balanced bandwidth degradation for all connections by sacrificing a certain amount of traffic flow, but avoiding extreme deterioration of the bandwidth capacity on some connections.
Simultaneous Assessment of Asp Isomerization and Asn Deamidation in Recombinant Antibodies by LC-MS following Incubation at Elevated Temperatures

The degradation of proteins by asparagine deamidation and aspartate isomerization is one of several chemical degradation pathways for recombinant antibodies. In this study, we have identified two solvent accessible degradation sites (light chain aspartate-56 and heavy chain aspartate-99/101) in the complementary-determining regions of a recombinant IgG1 antibody susceptible to isomerization under elevated temperature conditions. For both hot-spots, the degree of isomerization was found to be significantly higher than the deamidation of asparagine-(387, 392, 393) in the conserved CH3 region, which has been identified as being solvent accessible and sensitive to chemical degradation in previous studies. In order to reduce the time for simultaneous identification and functional evaluation of potential asparagine deamidation and aspartate isomerization sites, a test system employing accelerated temperature conditions and proteolytic peptide mapping combined with quantitative UPLC-MS was developed. This method occupies the formulation buffer system histidine/HCl (20 mM; pH 6.0) for denaturation/reduction/digestion and eliminates the alkylation step. The achieved degree of asparagine deamidation and aspartate isomerization was adequate to identify the functional consequence by binding studies. In summary, the here presented approach greatly facilitates the evaluation of fermentation, purification, formulation, and storage conditions on antibody asparagine deamidation and aspartate isomerization by monitoring susceptible marker peptides located in the complementary-determining regions of recombinant antibodies.
The Grande Grammaire du Français Project

We present a new reference Grammar of French (La Grande Grammaire du français), which is a collective project (gathering around fifty contributors), producing a book (about 2200 pages, to be published en 2011) and associated databases. Like the recent reference grammars of the other Romance Languages, it takes into account the important results of the linguistic research of the past thrity years, while aiming at a non specialist audience and avoiding formalization. We differ from existing French grammar by being focused on contemporary French from a purely descriptive point of view, and by taking spoken data into account. We include a description of all the syntactic phenomena, as well as lexical, semantic, pragmatic and prosodic insights, specially as they interact with syntax. The analysis concerns the data from contemporary written French, but also includes data from spoken corpora and regional or non standard French (when accessible). Throughout the grammar, a simple phrase structure grammar is used, in order to maintain a common representation. The analyses are modular with a strict division of labor between morphology, syntax and semantics. From the syntactic point of view, POS are also distinguished from grammatical relations (or functions). The databases include a terminological glossary, different lexical databases for certain POS, certain valence frames and certain semantic classes, and a bibliographical database.
A class of generalized RS-codes with faster encoding and decoding algorithms

In this paper we study a particular class of generalized Reed-Solomon codes and introduce encoding and decoding algorithms for such codes that speed up current hardware implementations by a factor p wherein p can be any divisor of the size of the multiplicative group of the underlying field. In many cases, p can be chosen to be 3, for example. In some cases, for example when the size of the base field is 256, the speed-up factor can be as large as 15 at the expense of very little increase in the hardware area.
Reliable robot assembly using haptic rendering models in combination with particle filters

In this paper we propose a method for reliable and error tolerant assembly for impedance controlled robots by using a particle filter based approach. Our method applies a haptic rendering model obtained from CAD data only, with which we are able to evaluate relative objects poses implemented as particles. The real world force torque sensor values are compared to the model based haptic rendering information to correct pose uncertainties during assembly. We make use of the KUKA LBR iiwa's intrinsic sensors to measure the position and joint torques representing the real world state. The particle filter is required to compensate pose errors which exceed the assembly clearance during assembly. We show the usefulness of our approach by simulation and real world peg-in-hole tasks.
Why People Punish in Public Goods Games, and on Whom Punishment is Most Effective: Conventional Wisdoms Reconsidered

Theoretical and experimental research underscores the role of punishment in the evolution of cooperation between humans. Experiments using the public goods game have repeatedly shown that in cooperative social environments, punishment makes cooperation flourish, and that withholding punishment makes cooperation collapse. In less cooperative social environments, where antisocial punishment has been detected, punishment was detrimental to cooperation. The success of punishment in enhancing cooperation is explained as deterrence of free riders by cooperative strong reciprocators, who were willing to pay the cost of punishing them, whereas in environments in which punishment diminished cooperation, antisocial punishment was explained as revenge by low cooperators against high cooperators suspected of punishing them in previous rounds. The present paper reconsiders the generality of both explanations. Using data from a novel public good experiment with punishment and from 16 public goods experiments from countries around the world, we report results showing that revenge alone does not drive antisocial punishment of cooperators, and that such punishment is predominantly part of an upward and downward punishment strategy, presumably aimed at punishing those who deviate from the punisher’s aspired cooperation norm. More interestingly, we show that the effect of punishment on the emergence of cooperation is mainly due to contributors increasing their cooperation, more than free riders being deterred. We also show that the anticipation of being punished is more effective in enhancing cooperation than the actual punishment itself, and that the ratio of strong reciprocators in a given social group is a potent predictor of the group’s level of cooperation and success in providing public goods.
Mismatch Insensitive Double-Sampling Quadrature Bandpass $\Sigma\Delta$ Modulation

In a double-sampling quadrature bandpass sigma-delta modulator, path mismatch between the double-sampling branches and between the I/Q paths occurs. In this paper, an analytical study is presented which shows that this causes quantization noise and input signals to fold from the image band into the signal band and that this also results in a self-image component. To reduce the folding from the image band, a novel resonator is presented. This resonator has a bilinear input circuit so that noise and signals exhibits first-order shaping before folding in the band of interest. Next, three different modulator architectures based on the novel resonator are introduced. Finally, the remaining problem of self-image is tackled with a simple, yet efficient offline calibration strategy. Various design examples are shown and simulated to illustrate and prove the effectiveness of the proposed architectures and methods.
Upper limb muscle-bone asymmetries and bone adaptation in elite youth tennis players.

INTRODUCTION The study of tennis players allows the nonracket arm to act as an internal control for the exercising racket arm. In addition, the study of the upper limbs removes the influence of gravitational loading, allowing the examination of the influence of muscular force on bone adaptation. METHODS The role of muscular action on bone, strength parameters of the radius, ulna (both at 4% and 60% distal-proximal ulnar length), and humerus (at 35% distal-proximal humerus length) as well as muscle size in both arms of 50 elite junior tennis players (mean ± SD age = 13.5 ± 1.9 yr) were measured with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). RESULTS Strong relationships were found between muscle size and bone size in both arms (all correlations, P < 0.001, R = 0.73-0.86). However, the muscle-bone ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the upper arm on the racket side (compared with the contralateral arm). In addition, material eccentricity analysis revealed that bone strength in bending and torsion increased more than strength in compression as the moment arms for these actions (bone length and width, respectively) increased (in all cases, P > 0.001, R = 0.06-0.7) with relationships being stronger in torsion than in bending. Large side differences were found in bone strength parameters and muscle size in all investigated sites, with differences in distal radius total BMC (+37% ± 21%) and humerus cortical cross-sectional area (+40% ± 12%) being most pronounced (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results support a strong influence of muscular action on bone adaptation; however, interarm muscle-bone asymmetries suggest factors other than local muscle size that determine bone strength. The results also suggest that torsional loads provide the greatest stress experienced by the bone during a tennis stroke.