Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern Division Multiple Access with Large-Scale Antenna Array

In this paper, pattern division multiple access with large-scale antenna array (LSA-PDMA) is proposed as a novel non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme. In the proposed scheme, pattern is designed in both beam domain and power domain in a joint manner. At the transmitter, pattern mapping utilizes power allocation to improve the system sum rate and beam allocation to enhance the access connectivity and realize the integration of LSA into multiple access spontaneously. At the receiver, hybrid detection of spatial filter (SF) and successive interference cancellation (SIC) is employed to separate the superposed multiple-domain signals. Furthermore, we formulate the sum rate maximization problem to obtain the optimal pattern mapping policy, and the optimization problem is proved to be convex through proper mathematical manipulations. Simulation results show that the proposed LSA-PDMA scheme achieves significant performance gain on system sum rate compared to both the orthogonal multiple access scheme and the power-domain NOMA scheme.
Tracking surfaces with evolving topology

We present a method for recovering a temporally coherent, deforming triangle mesh with arbitrarily changing topology from an incoherent sequence of static closed surfaces. We solve this problem using the surface geometry alone, without any prior information like surface templates or velocity fields. Our system combines a proven strategy for triangle mesh improvement, a robust multi-resolution non-rigid registration routine, and a reliable technique for changing surface mesh topology. We also introduce a novel topological constraint enforcement algorithm to ensure that the output and input always have similar topology. We apply our technique to a series of diverse input data from video reconstructions, physics simulations, and artistic morphs. The structured output of our algorithm allows us to efficiently track information like colors and displacement maps, recover velocity information, and solve PDEs on the mesh as a post process.
On the Proper Forms of BIC for Model Order Selection

The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) is often presented in a form that is only valid in large samples and under a certain condition on the rate at which the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) increases with the sample length. This form has been improperly used previously in situations in which the conditions mentioned above do not hold. In this correspondence, we describe the proper forms of BIC in several practically relevant cases that do not satisfy the above assumptions. In particular, we present a new form of BIC for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) cases. The conclusion of this study is that BIC remains one of the most successful existing rules for model order selection, if properly used.
Contradictions in Power Loading and Pilot Patterns in NC-OFDM Cognitive Radio Systems

—Cognitive Radio (CR) is seen as the next paradigm in radio communications and as a practical solution to the problem of spectrum scarcity. Non-Contiguous Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (NC-OFDM) is a proposed implementation which allows the use of frequency bands to be placed arbitrarily close while maintaining the ability to disable those bands which are interfering with licensed users. This implementation poses challenges such as the optimal pilot pattern when pilots used for channel estimation need to be disabled to reduce interference as well as the Pilot-to-Data Power Ratio (PDPR) needed to maintain channel estimation accuracy. This work-in-progress paper discusses a theoretical problem with regard to the pilot pattern and power loading of pilot sub-channels when applied to a CR environment.
Complete Genome Sequence of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup A Strain NMA510612, Isolated from a Patient with Bacterial Meningitis in China

ABSTRACT Serogroup A meningococcal strains have been involved in several pandemics and a series of epidemics worldwide in the past. Determination of the genome sequence of the prevalent genotype strain will help us understand the genetic background of the evolutionary and epidemiological properties of these bacteria. We sequenced the complete genome of Neisseria meningitidis NMA510612, a clinical isolate from a patient with meningococcal meningitis.
Differentiation of stress, metabolism, communication, and defense responses following transplantation

The biological complexity of allograft rejection and alloantigen‐independent mechanisms is poorly understood. Therefore, we analyzed four components of the biological response following transplantation by global gene analysis. A comparative and kinetic approach was used to identify gene expression profiles. Biological processes were assigned to genes displaying the largest alterations in expression. Metabolism, stress response, and cell organization were the predominant, biological processes associated with ischemia and systemic stress. Innate and adaptive immune responses induced a transcriptional shift toward defense and cell communication. The kinetic analysis showed a shift from innate toward adaptive responses in the post‐transplant course.
Eyecatch

We present a novel framework for animating human characters performing fast visually guided tasks, such as catching a ball. The main idea is to consider the coordinated dynamics of sensing and movement. Based on experimental evidence about such behaviors, we propose a generative model that constructs interception behavior online, using discrete submovements directed by uncertain visual estimates of target movement. An important aspect of this framework is that eye movements are included as well, and play a central role in coordinating movements of the head, hand, and body. We show that this framework efficiently generates plausible movements and generalizes well to novel scenarios.
Identifying video spammers in online social networks

In many video social networks, including YouTube, users are permitted to post video responses to other users' videos. Such a response can be legitimate or can be a video response spam, which is a video response whose content is not related to the topic being discussed. Malicious users may post video response spam for several reasons, including increase the popularity of a video, marketing advertisements, distribute pornography, or simply pollute the system. In this paper we consider the problem of detecting video spammers. We first construct a large test collection of YouTube users, and manually classify them as either legitimate users or spammers. We then devise a number of attributes of video users and their social behavior which could potentially be used to detect spammers. Employing these attributes, we apply machine learning to provide a heuristic for classifying an arbitrary video as either legitimate or spam. The machine learning algorithm is trained with our test collection. We then show that our approach succeeds at detecting much of the spam while only falsely classifying a small percentage of the legitimate videos as spam. Our results highlight the most important attributes for video response spam detection.
Evaluation of Xpert® MTB/RIF Assay in Induced Sputum and Gastric Lavage Samples from Young Children with Suspected Tuberculosis from the MVA85A TB Vaccine Trial

Objective Diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis is limited by the paucibacillary respiratory samples obtained from young children with pulmonary disease. We aimed to compare accuracy of the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay, an automated nucleic acid amplification test, between induced sputum and gastric lavage samples from young children in a tuberculosis endemic setting. Methods We analyzed standardized diagnostic data from HIV negative children younger than four years of age who were investigated for tuberculosis disease near Cape Town, South Africa [2009–2012]. Two paired, consecutive induced sputa and early morning gastric lavage samples were obtained from children with suspected tuberculosis. Samples underwent Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube [MGIT] culture and Xpert MTB/RIF assay. We compared diagnostic yield across samples using the two-sample test of proportions and McNemar’s χ2 test; and Wilson’s score method to calculate sensitivity and specificity. Results 1,020 children were evaluated for tuberculosis during 1,214 admission episodes. Not all children had 4 samples collected. 57 of 4,463[1.3%] and 26 of 4,606[0.6%] samples tested positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis on MGIT culture and Xpert MTB/RIF assay respectively. 27 of 2,198[1.2%] and 40 of 2,183[1.8%] samples tested positive [on either Xpert MTB/RIF assay or MGIT culture] on induced sputum and gastric lavage samples, respectively. 19/1,028[1.8%] and 33/1,017[3.2%] admission episodes yielded a positive MGIT culture or Xpert MTB/RIF assay from induced sputum and gastric lavage, respectively. Sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay was 8/30[26.7%; 95% CI: 14.2–44.4] for two induced sputum samples and 7/31[22.6%; 11.4–39.8] [p = 0.711] for two gastric lavage samples. Corresponding specificity was 893/893[100%;99.6–100] and 885/890[99.4%;98.7–99.8] respectively [p = 0.025]. Conclusion Sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay was low, compared to MGIT culture, but diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF did not differ sufficiently between induced sputum and gastric lavage to justify selection of one sampling method over the other, in young children with suspected pulmonary TB. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00953927
A low density lattice decoder via non-parametric belief propagation

The recent work of Sommer, Feder and Shalvi presented a new family of codes called low density lattice codes (LDLC) that can be decoded efficiently and approach the capacity of the AWGN channel. A linear time iterative decoding scheme which is based on a message-passing formulation on a factor graph is given. In the current work we report our theoretical findings regarding the relation between the LDLC decoder and belief propagation. We show that the LDLC decoder is an instance of non-parametric belief propagation and further connect it to the Gaussian belief propagation algorithm. Our new results enable borrowing knowledge from the non-parametric and Gaussian belief propagation domains into the LDLC domain. Specifically, we give more general convergence conditions for convergence of the LDLC decoder (under the same assumptions of the original LDLC convergence analysis). We discuss how to extend the LDLC decoder from Latin square to full rank, non-square matrices. We propose an efficient construction of sparse generator matrix and its matching decoder. We report preliminary experimental results which show our decoder has comparable symbol to error rate compared to the original LDLC decoder.
Extracting Protein-Protein Interactions from MEDLINE using the Hidden Vector State model

A major challenge in text mining for biomedicine is automatically extracting protein-protein interactions from the vast amount of biomedical literature. We have constructed an information extraction system based on the Hidden Vector State (HVS) model for protein-protein interactions. The HVS model can be trained using only lightly annotated data whilst simultaneously retaining sufficient ability to capture the hierarchical structure. When applied in extracting protein-protein interactions, we found that it performed better than other established statistical methods and achieved 61.5% in F-score with balanced recall and precision values. Moreover, the statistical nature of the pure data-driven HVS model makes it intrinsically robust and it can be easily adapted to other domains.
Inositide evolution – towards turtle domination?

When viewing the changes in our understanding of inositides over the last 20 years, it is difficult to know whether to be more impressed by the proliferation in the number of inositides themselves (e.g. seven polyphosphoinositol lipids, more than 30 inositol phosphates), or by the number of functions for each. This review will focus on two specific aspects of this diversity: the evolution of the polyphosphoinositides, and the synthesis and functions of the higher inositol phosphates.
Joint Power / Rate Control and Channel Assignment in Cognitive Radio Networks : A Multi-level Spectrum Opportunity Perspective

In a cognitive radio network (CRN), the spectrum opportunities should be efficiently utilized through careful coordination between cognitive radio (CR) users. In this paper, we formulate the coordinated channel access as a joint power/rate control and channel assignment optimization problem, with the objective of maximizing the sum-rate achieved by all CRs over all channels. The problem is formulated under a generalized multi-level spectrum opportunity framework, which reflects the microscopic spatial opportunity available for CRs. Both centralized and distributed approximate algorithms to the problem are developed. We prove that the distributed algorithm can achieve a certain fraction of the optimal throughput, while the centralized algorithm gives a tight upper bound on the optimal solution. We apply our algorithms to a spectrum-leasing application, and demonstrate the throughput gain of the multi-level spectrum opportunity structure over the conventional binary structure while taking the overhead into account. Numerical results verify the accuracy of our algorithms and the significant gain achieved by the multi-level framework.
Complexity of Component-based Development of Embedded Systems

Abstract —The paper discusses complexity of component-baseddevelopment (CBD) of embedded systems. Although CBD has itsmerits, it must be augmented with methods to control the complexitiesthat arise due to resource constraints, timeliness, and run-time de-ployment of components in embedded system development. Softwarecomponent speciﬁcation, system-level testing, and run-time reliabilitymeasurement are some ways to control the complexity. Keywords —Components, embedded systems, complexity, soft-ware development, trafﬁc controller system. I. I NTRODUCTION C OMPLEXITY hinders the correct development of soft-ware. Some complexity is inherent in the applicationdomain, while additional complexity gets injected by themethods and languages used to implement the system. In thispaper we investigate complexities that arise in the developmentprocess of embedded systems and suggest some solutions tocontrol it. As a running example we discuss an autonomoustrafﬁc controller (ATC) system. Trafﬁ c control systems are
Argo: intelligent advertising made possible from users' photos

Though monetizing user-generated photos has a great potential in image business, this topic is seldom touched due to the difficulties of both image understanding and ads-to-images vocabulary matching. In this technical demonstration, we show case the Argo system, which attempts to monetize UGC (user-generated content) photos by mining a user's interest from a group of his photos and advertising the photos accordingly. Given a page of photos, it first auto-tags each photo by a large-scale search-based image annotation method, then maps both image annotations and the textual descriptions of ads onto an ODP-based topic hierarchy. The mapping produces semantic features which are statistical distributions on ODP topics. Ads are ranked by their similarities to such topic distributions of the photos and the top-ranked ones are output.
A Secure Model for Cloud Computing Based Storage and Retrieval

Enterprises protect their internal storage and retrieval process using firewalls and also protect it from insider attacks by formulating secure data access procedures. If the enterprises are willing to store data in cloud, cloud computing service providers have to take care of data privacy and security. A common way to achieve security is encryption/decryption mechanism employed by cloud service providers. However, performing both tasks such as storage and encryption/decryption mechanism by cloud server causes security problems as the administrators know the sensitive information and may involve in illegal practices. To overcome this problem, this paper presents a mechanism where the storage is done by one provider while encryption/decryption mechanisms are provided by another service provider. In the proposed system the party that uses cloud storage services must encrypt data before sending it to cloud while the service provider who is responsible for encryption/decryption must delete data once encryption/decryption process is completed. To illustrate the proposed mechanism, this paper uses a CRM service example that demonstrates how the parties involved in secure storage and retrieval when data is saved to cloud. It also provides insights into multi-party SLAs for the proposed system. Keywords-SLAs, cloud computing, encryption and decryption, secure storage and retrieval
Recovery from forward masking in cochlear implant listeners depends on stimulation mode, level, and electrode location.

Psychophysical recovery from forward masking was measured in adult cochlear implant users of CochlearTM and Advanced BionicsTM devices, in monopolar and in focused (bipolar and tripolar) stimulation modes, at four electrode sites across the arrays, and at two levels (loudness balanced across modes and electrodes). Results indicated a steeper psychophysical recovery from forward masking in monopolar over bipolar and tripolar modes, modified by differential effects of electrode and level. The interactions between factors varied somewhat across devices. It is speculated that psychophysical recovery from forward masking may be driven by different populations of neurons in the different modes, with a broader stimulation pattern resulting in a greater likelihood of response by healthier and/or faster-recovering neurons within the stimulated population. If a more rapid recovery from prior stimulation reflects responses of neurons not necessarily close to the activating site, the spectral pattern of the incoming acoustic signal may be distorted. These results have implications for speech processor implementations using different degrees of focusing of the electric field. The primary differences in the shape of the recovery function were observed in the earlier portion (between 2 and 45 ms) of recovery, which is significant in terms of the speech envelope.
Cropping Scaling Seam carving Warping Multi-operator

Content aware resizing gained popularity lately and users can now choose from a battery of methods to retarget their media. However, no single retargeting operator performs well on all images and all target sizes. In a user study we conducted, we found that users prefer to combine seam carving with cropping and scaling to produce results they are satisfied with. This inspires us to propose an algorithm that combines different operators in an optimal manner. We define a resizing space as a conceptual multi-dimensional space combining several resizing operators, and show how a path in this space defines a sequence of operations to retarget media. We define a new image similarity measure, which we term Bi-Directional Warping (BDW), and use it with a dynamic programming algorithm to find an optimal path in the resizing space. In addition, we show a simple and intuitive user interface allowing users to explore the resizing space of various image sizes interactively. Using key-frames and interpolation we also extend our technique to retarget video, providing the flexibility to use the best combination of operators at different times in the sequence.
Image melding

Current methods for combining two different images produce visible artifacts when the sources have very different textures and structures. We present a new method for synthesizing a transition region between two source images, such that inconsistent color, texture, and structural properties all change gradually from one source to the other. We call this process image melding. Our method builds upon a patch-based optimization foundation with three key generalizations: First, we enrich the patch search space with additional geometric and photometric transformations. Second, we integrate image gradients into the patch representation and replace the usual color averaging with a screened Poisson equation solver. And third, we propose a new energy based on mixed L2/L0 norms for colors and gradients that produces a gradual transition between sources without sacrificing texture sharpness. Together, all three generalizations enable patch-based solutions to a broad class of image melding problems involving inconsistent sources: object cloning, stitching challenging panoramas, hole filling from multiple photos, and image harmonization. In several cases, our unified method outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods specifically designed for those applications.
Simple mixture model for sparse overcomplete ICA

The use of mixture of Gaussians (MoGs) for noisy and overcomplete independent component analysis (ICA) when the source distributions are very sparse is explored. The sparsity model can often be justified if an appropriate transform, such as the modified discrete cosine transform, is used. Given the sparsity assumption, a number of simplifying approximations are introduced to the observation density that avoid the exponential growth of mixture components. An efficient clustering algorithm is derived whose complexity grows linearly with the number of sources and it is shown that it is capable of performing reasonable separation.
Supplemental and Dietary Vitamin E Intakes and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Large Prospective Study

Supplemental vitamin E (α-tocopherol) has been linked to lower prostate cancer incidence in one randomized trial and several, although not all, observational studies. The evidence regarding dietary intake of individual vitamin E isoforms and prostate cancer is limited and inconclusive, however. We prospectively examined the relations of supplemental vitamin E and dietary intakes of α-, β-, γ-, and δ- tocopherols to prostate cancer risk among 295,344 men, ages 50 to 71 years and cancer-free at enrollment in 1995 to 1996, in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. At baseline, participants completed a questionnaire that captured information on diet, supplement use, and other factors. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of prostate cancer. During 5 years of follow-up, 10,241 incident prostate cancers were identified. Supplemental vitamin E intake was not related to prostate cancer risk (for >0-99, 100-199, 200-399, 400-799, and ≥800 IU/d versus never use: RR, 0.97, 0.89, 1.03, 0.99, and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.87-1.07) respectively; Ptrend = 0.90). However, dietary γ-tocopherol, the most commonly consumed form of vitamin E in the United States, was significantly inversely related to the risk of advanced prostate cancer (for highest versus lowest quintile: RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56-0.84; Ptrend = 0.001). These results suggest that supplemental vitamin E does not protect against prostate cancer, but that increased consumption of γ-tocopherol from foods is associated with a reduced risk of clinically relevant disease. The potential benefit of γ-tocopherol for prostate cancer prevention deserves further attention. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1128–35)