Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONTINUING EDUCATION IN HONOR OF NORMAN TRIEGER , DMD , MD Essentials of Airway Management , Oxygenation , and Ventilation Part 1 : Basic Equipment and Devices

*Associate Director of Education, General Dental Practice Residency, Miami Valley Hospital, Dayton, Ohio, †Professor of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Head, Division of Anesthesia and Pain Control, Associate Professor of Anesthesia, Tufts University Schools of Dental Medicine and Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, ‡Professor Emeritus Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
Gene expression profile of quinacrine‐cured prion‐infected mouse neuronal cells

Prion diseases are transmissible fatal neurodegenerative diseases of humans and animals, characterised by the presence of an abnormal isoform (scrapie prion protein; PrPSc) of the endogenous cellular prion protein (PrPC). The pathological mechanisms at the basis of prion diseases remain elusive, although the accumulation of PrPSc has been linked to neurodegeneration. Different genomic approaches have been applied to carry out large‐scale expression analysis in prion‐infected brains and cell lines, in order to define factors potentially involved in pathogenesis. However, the general lack of overlap between the genes found in these studies prompted us to carry an analysis of gene expression using an alternative approach. Specifically, in order to avoid the complexities of shifting gene expression in a heterogeneous cell population, we used a single clone of GT1 cells that was de novo infected with mouse prion‐infected brain homogenate and then treated with quinacrine to clear PrPSc. By comparing the gene expression profiles of about 15 000 genes in quinacrine‐cured and not cured prion‐infected GT1 cells, we investigated the influence of the presence or the absence of PrPSc. By real‐time PCR, we confirmed that the gene encoding for laminin was down‐regulated as a consequence of the elimination of PrPSc by the quinacrine treatment. Thus, we speculate that this protein could be a specific candidate for further analysis of its role in prion infection and pathogenesis.
Cooperation Hidden Frontiers: The Behavioral Foundations of the Italian North-South Divide

Socio-economic performance differs not only across countries but within countries too and can persist even after religion, language, and formal institutions are long shared. One interpretation of these disparities is that successful regions are characterized by higher levels of trust, and, more generally, of cooperation. Here we study a classic case of within-country disparities, the Italian North-South divide, to find out whether people exhibit geographically distinct abilities to cooperate independently of many other factors and whence these differences emerge. Through an experiment in four Italian cities, we study the behavior of a sample of the general population toward trust and contributions to the common good. We find that trust and contributions vary in unison, and diminish moving from North to South. This regional gap cannot be attributed to payoffs from cooperation or to institutions, formal or informal, that may vary across Italy, as the experimental methodology silences their impact. The gap is also independent of risk and other-regarding preferences which we measure experimentally, suggesting that the lower ability to cooperate we find in the South is not due to individual "moral" flaws. The gap could originate from emergent collective properties, such as different social norms and the expectations they engender. The absence of convergence in behavior during the last 150 years, since Italy was unified, further suggests that these norms can persist overtime. Using a millennium-long dataset, we explore whether the quality of past political institutions and the frequency of wars could explain the emergence of these differences in norms.
Airway Microbiota Determines Innate Cell Inflammatory or Tissue Remodeling Profiles in Lung Transplantation.

RATIONALE In lung transplant recipients, long-term graft survival relies on the control of inflammation and tissue remodeling to maintain graft functionality and avoid chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Although advances in clinical practice have improved transplant success, the mechanisms by which the balance between inflammation and remodeling is maintained are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To assess whether host-microbe interactions in the transplanted lung determine the immunologic tone of the airways, and consequently could impact graft survival. METHODS Microbiota DNA and host total RNA were isolated from 203 bronchoalveolar lavages obtained from 112 patients post-lung transplantation. Microbiota composition was determined using 16S ribosomal RNA analysis, and expression of a set of genes involved in prototypic macrophage functions was quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We show that the characteristics of the pulmonary microbiota aligned with distinct innate cell gene expression profiles. Although a nonpolarized activation was associated with bacterial communities consisting of a balance between proinflammatory (e.g., Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas) and low stimulatory (e.g., Prevotella and Streptococcus) bacteria, "inflammatory" and "remodeling" profiles were linked to bacterial dysbiosis. Mechanistic assays provided direct evidence that bacterial dysbiosis could lead to inflammatory or remodeling profiles in macrophages, whereas a balanced microbial community maintained homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS The crosstalk between bacterial communities and innate immune cells potentially determines the function of the transplanted lung offering novel pathways for intervention strategies.
Action Recognition Online with Hierarchical Self-Organizing Maps

We present a hierarchical self-organizing map based system for online recognition of human actions. We have made a first evaluation of our system by training it on two different sets of recorded human actions, one set containing manner actions and one set containing result actions, and then tested it by letting a human performer carry out the actions online in real time in front of the system's 3D-camera. The system successfully recognized more than 94% of the manner actions and most of the result actions carried out by the human performer.
AgreeCalc: Uma Ferramenta para Análise da Concordância entre Múltiplos Anotadores (AgreeCalc: A Tool for the Analysis of Agreement Between Multiple Annotators) [in Portuguese]

In this paper we describe the prototype of a graphical tool – AgreeCalc – designed for the automatic calculation of agreement between multiple annotators, with no need for advanced knowledge by the user on the implemented coefficients of agreement. Although being attractive for the implemented coefficients, AgreeCalc also allows for (i) the application of filters on the data used to calculate them; (ii) the identification of the annotator pairs with the highest and lowest agreement (along with their mean); and (iii) the construction of a gold standard, with the opinion of the majority of annotators. Resumo. Neste artigo descrevemos o protótipo de uma ferramenta gráfica – AgreeCalc – projetada para o cálculo automático do grau de concordância entre múltiplos anotadores, sem a necessidade de conhecimentos avançados do usuário sobre os coeficientes de concordância nele implementados. Ainda que seu maior atrativo seja o conjunto de coeficientes implementados, o AgreeCalc também permite (i) a aplicação de filtros aos dados usados para o cálculo desses coeficientes; (ii) a identificação do par de anotadores com maior e menor concordância (além da média); e (iii) a criação de um gold standard, com a opinião da maioria dos anotadores.
Result Integrity Verification of Outsourced Privacy-preserving Frequent Itemset Mining

In the recently-emerged Data-Mining-as-a-Service (DMaS) paradigm, a client outsources her data and the data mining needs to a third party service provider. It raises a few security issues including privacy protection and result integrity verification. Most of the recent work studied these two issues separately. In this paper, we focus on the problem of result integrity verification of outsourced privacy-preserving frequent itemset mining. It is challenging to discover the incorrect results by the service provider’s misbehaviors from the mining output that intends to be inaccurate due to privacy protection techniques. We design efficient approaches that can provide high probabilistic guarantee for both correctness and completeness of the frequent itemset mining results. Our experiment results show the efficiency and effectiveness of our approaches.
Risk factors for alcohol relapse after liver transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis in Japan

Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) is an established indication for liver transplantation (LT). Most LT procedures in Japan are living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) because of an extreme shortage of deceased donors. Social circumstances enabling LDLT could be favorable for preventing relapse. The aims of this retrospective study were to analyze the outcomes of LDLT for ALC and to evaluate risk factors for relapse in this cohort. One hundred ninety‐five subjects underwent LT [LDLT (n = 187), deceased donor LT (n = 5), or domino LT (n = 3)] for ALC in Japan from November 1997 to December 2011. Risk factors for alcohol relapse and the impact of relapse on outcomes were analyzed for 140 patients after the exclusion of 26 patients who died in the hospital and 29 patients without information about alcohol relapse. The incidence of alcohol consumption after LT was 22.9%. The risk factors for patient survival were a donor age ≥ 50 years (P < 0.01) and a Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score ≥ 19 (P = 0.03). The 10‐year patient survival rates were 21.9% and 73.8% for patients who had relapsed and patients who had not relapsed 18 months after LT, respectively (P = 0.01). The relapse rates were 50.0%, 34.5%, 13.3%, 19.7%, and 14.3% for patients who had received livers from parents, siblings, spouses, sons/daughters, and deceased or domino donors, respectively. A history of treatment for psychological diseases other than alcoholism before LT was a significant indicator for the risk of recidivism (P = 0.02), and noncompliance with clinic visits after LT and smoking after transplantation were promising indicators for the risk of recidivism (P = 0.06, and P = 0.05, respectively). Preoperative alcohol consumption was not a risk factor. In conclusion, rather than selecting patients on the basis of preoperative alcohol use, we should provide sociomedical support to improve adherence after LT for ALC in Japan. Liver Transpl 20:298‐310, 2014. © 2013 AASLD.
Positioning cell wall synthetic complexes by the bacterial morphogenetic proteins MreB and MreD

In Caulobacter crescentus, intact cables of the actin homologue, MreB, are required for the proper spatial positioning of MurG which catalyses the final step in peptidoglycan precursor synthesis. Similarly, in the periplasm, MreC controls the spatial orientation of the penicillin binding proteins and a lytic transglycosylase. We have now found that MreB cables are required for the organization of several other cytosolic murein biosynthetic enzymes such as MraY, MurB, MurC, MurE and MurF. We also show these proteins adopt a subcellular pattern of localization comparable to MurG, suggesting the existence of cytoskeletal‐dependent interactions. Through extensive two‐hybrid analyses, we have now generated a comprehensive interaction map of components of the bacterial morphogenetic complex. In the cytosol, this complex contains both murein biosynthetic enzymes and morphogenetic proteins, including RodA, RodZ and MreD. We show that the integral membrane protein, MreD, is essential for lateral peptidoglycan synthesis, interacts with the precursor synthesizing enzymes MurG and MraY, and additionally, determines MreB localization. Our results suggest that the interdependent localization of MreB and MreD functions to spatially organize a complex of peptidoglycan precursor synthesis proteins, which is required for propagation of a uniform cell shape and catalytically efficient peptidoglycan synthesis.
Cdk5 controls IL-2 gene expression via repression of the mSin3a-HDAC complex

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a unique member of a family of serine/threonine cyclin-dependent protein kinases. We previously demonstrated disruption of Cdk5 gene expression in mice impairs T-cell function and ameliorates T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation. Here, we show Cdk5 modulates gene expression during T-cell activation by impairing the repression of gene transcription by histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) through specific phosphorylation of the mSin3a protein at serine residue 861. Disruption of Cdk5 activity in T-cells enhances HDAC activity and binding of the HDAC1/mSin3a complex to the IL-2 promoter, leading to suppression of IL-2 gene expression. These data point to essential roles for Cdk5 in regulating gene expression in T-cells and transcriptional regulation by the co-repressor mSin3a.
Specific complex formation between the type II bare lymphocyte syndrome-associated transactivators CIITA and RFX5.

Two of the genes defective in the five complementation groups identified in the class II-negative bare lymphocyte syndrome or corresponding laboratory mutants have been cloned. One gene encodes a protein, RFX5, that is a member of the RFX family of DNA binding proteins. The other, CIITA, encodes a large protein with a defined acidic transcriptional activation domain; this protein does not interact with DNA. Expression plasmids encoding regions of RFX5 fused to the GAL4 DNA binding domain activated transcription from a reporter construct containing GAL4 sites in a cotransfection assay in the Raji human B cell line. However, these plasmids produced transcriptional activity in HeLa cells only in conjunction with interferon gamma stimulation, a condition in which expression of both CIITA and class II major histocompatibility complex surface proteins are induced. Furthermore, these plasmids were not active in RJ2.2. 5, an in vitro mutagenized derivative of Raji in which both copies of CIITA are defective. Transcriptional activation by the RFX5 fusion protein could be restored in RJ2.2. 5 by cotransfection with a CIITA expression plasmid. Finally, a direct interaction between RFX5 and CIITA was detected with the yeast two-hybrid and far-Western blot assays. Thus, RFX5 can activate transcription only in cooperation with CIITA. RFX5 and CIITA associate to form a complex capable of activating transcription from class II major histocompatibility complex promoters. In this complex, promoter specificity is determined by the DNA binding domain of RFX5 and the general transcription apparatus is recruited by the acidic activation domain of CIITA.
Reduced muscle activity during isokinetic contractions associated with external leg compression.

BACKGROUND The potential mechanism of compression apparel remains unclear to date because of insufficient knowledge on the influence of compressive level on muscular responses. OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of external leg compression on (a) the muscle force and endurance of the quadriceps femoris and (b) the muscle activation patterns during prolonged muscle actions. METHODS Twelve male participants performed consecutive maximal concentric muscle actions of the quadriceps in compression garment (CG) and control condition (CON) at two angular velocities on the Contrex. The EMG amplitude and frequency of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis were quantified during the concentric phase of the knee extension movement. RESULTS There was no significant compression effect on muscle force and total work during knee extensions. Contrarily, the overall EMG amplitude was significantly lower in CG than in CON at 60 and 300°/s. Additionally, the EMG frequency of the RF and VL was significantly higher in CG than in CON at 60°/s. CONCLUSION Increased external pressure is associated with changes in EMG time and frequency domain behavior. These effects can potentially relieve muscle fatigue and improve muscle endurance during long-term exercise.
GPU Processing Methods for Machine Vision

I present a novel model for performing 2D Gabor filtering for images on the GPU. Ideally, the model is built upon the lineartime recursive model from Young, van Vliet and Glinkel in [Young et al. 2002]. I describe how the recursive, feedback-based model upon which the algorithm is built can be adapted to the GPU despite the parallel, independent nature of the shader units. I examine the properties of this implementation vs. a GPU convolution implementation.
Endoscopic Autopsy

In cases in which the family o f the deceased objects to the Performance Of a conventional autopsy for religious or other reasons, or where there are no forensic pathology facilities in the vicinity of the hospital, postmortem endoscopic examination may be an advantageous and cost-effective substitute for conventional necropsy, especially when the akrnative is no Postmortem examination at all. To test the reliability o f postmortem endoscopy, conventional and endoscopic autopsies were performed on 20 cadavers at the L. Greenberg Institute of Forensic Medicine in Israel. ComDarison of the findings of the two procedures showed a very high correlation ( 100%) for intraperitoneal and thoracic hemorrhages and hepatic, splenic, and diaphragmatic injuries; it showed a slightly lower correlation (60–80%) for mesenteric and retroperitoneal hematomas injuries to the great vessels. blood aspiration, and lung injury. Endoscopy failed to reveal the correct site o f injury in the retroperitoneum and posterior aspect o f the mediastinum. Collection o f body fluids and tissue samples was possible by means o f laparoscopy. The technique proved to be relatively accurate, more rapid than conventional autopsy, and left the body virtually intact.
MODEL ADAPTATION BASED ON CONFIDENCE SCORE

Original scientific paper Confidence measures are expected to give a measure of reliability on the result of a speech/speaker recognition system. Most commonly used confidence measures are based on posterior word or phoneme probabilities which can be obtained from the output of the recognizer. In this paper we introduced a linear interpretation of posterior probability based confidence measure by using inverse Fisher transformation. Speaker adaptation consists in updating model parameters of a speaker independent model to have a better representation of the current speaker. Confidence measures give more reliable selection criteria to select the utterances which best represent the speaker. A linear interpretation of confidence measure is very important to select the most representative data for adaptation.
Enabling Peer Cooperation in Private Local Area Networks using BitTorrent

The number of computers and high-speed networks connected to the Internet in large-scale organizations has grown in the last two decades. As a consequence, a large number of software applications must be installed and the quantity of data needed for their operation is considerable. This has a high price for IT departments: distribute this content efficiently. We claim that content distribution using P2P file sharing systems can be used to accomplish this; we propose a solution that works even in environments that use NAT and utilizes WAN links efficiently.
6,8-Dibromo-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl acetate

In the title compound, C17H10Br2O5, the chromene ring is almost planar with minimal puckering [total puckering amplitude = 0.067 (4) Å]. The dihedral angle between chromeme ring system and phenyl ring is 3.7 (2)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions and an intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond also occurs.
Elimination of Ingredients Effect to Improve the Detection of Anti HIV-1 p24 Antibody in Human Serum Using SPR Apparatus

Highly sensitive detection of proteins in serum becomes difficult in some cases during surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements, because some ingredients in the serum hugely enhance non-specific reactions on the sensing chip of SPR. It is well recognized that the antibody against core protein p24 of HIV in serum is one of the most important proteins in the accurate diagnosis of infection with HIV. In this study, we could attain the accurate detection of anti p24 antibody in human serum by eliminating the serious effects of the ingredients in serum on the measurement of SPR by employing these procedures: 1) blocking the gold surface of the sensing chip with human serum and 2) heating the serum sample at 56°C for 30 min. Without these treatments, the signal of SPR was considerably suppressed on the measurement of the anti p24 antibody which contained human serum, making the accurate detection difficult. However, with introducing the above two treatments, the sensing of anti p24 antibody in human serum was improved, while a small non-specific reaction was still observed. By removing the non-specific reaction caused by the ingredients in the serum, we could accurately measure the antibody for p24 in human serum sample over the range from 1 to 20 µg/ml.
How Do Speakers Choose Uncertainty Phrases to Express Guilt Probabilities

Many studies have documented what listeners understand when uncertainty is communicated to them verbally. Yet we still know little about the factors that will influence speakersi? ½ choice of a probability phrase over another when they wish to communicate uncertain facts. Using a legal setting, we showed that the quantitative meaning and the directionality of the verbal probability chosen were affected by both the uncertain outcomei? ½s numerical probability and its perceived propensity of guilt. The discussion of these results will focus on implications for the understanding of speakersi? ½ choices of verbal probability phrases and for risk-framing in legal contexts.
Probiotics for treating infectious diarrhoea.

BACKGROUND Probiotics are microbial cell preparations or components of microbial cells that have a beneficial effect on the health and well being of the host. Probiotics may offer a safe intervention in acute infectious diarrhoea to reduce the duration and severity of the illness. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of probiotics in proven or presumed infectious diarrhoea. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group's trials register (December 2002), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (The Cochrane Library Issue 4, 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to 2002), EMBASE (1988 to 2002), and reference lists from studies and reviews. We also contacted organizations and individuals working in the field, and pharmaceutical companies manufacturing probiotic agents. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials comparing a specified probiotic agent with placebo or no probiotic in people with acute diarrhoea that is proven or presumed to be caused by an infectious agent. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed trial methodological quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 1917 participants, mainly in countries with low overall mortality rates. Trials varied in relation to the probiotic(s) tested, dosage, methodological quality, and the diarrhoea definitions and outcomes. Probiotics reduced the risk of diarrhoea at 3 days (relative risk 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.55 to 0.77, random effects model; 15 studies) and the mean duration of diarrhoea by 30.48 hours (95% confidence interval 18.51 to 42.46 hours, random effects model, 12 studies). Subgroup analysis by probiotic(s) tested, rotavirus diarrhoea, national mortality rates, and age of participants did not fully account for the heterogeneity. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS Probiotics appear to be a useful adjunct to rehydration therapy in treating acute, infectious diarrhoea in adults and children. More research is needed to inform the use of particular probiotic regimens in specific patient groups.