Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic classification of Pleurothecium and Pleurotheciella gen. nov. and its dactylaria-like anamorph (Sordariomycetes) based on nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding genes

Two strains of an unidentified perithecial ascomycete with a dactylaria-like anamorph and another morphologically similar strain of a dactylaria-like fungus were collected on decaying wood submerged in freshwater. To study their phylogenetic relationships we (i) combined sequence data from the nuclear small and large subunits ribosomal DNA (nc18S and nc28S) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) for a multigene phylogenetic analysis and (ii) used sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the rRNA operon for a species-level analysis. The new genus Pleurotheciella is described for two new species, Pla. rivularia and Pla. centenaria, with nonstromatic perithecia, unitunicate asci, persistent paraphyses and hyaline, septate ascospores and dactylaria-like anamorphs characterized by holoblastic, denticulate conidiogenesis, subhyaline conidiophores and hyaline, septate conidia. Based on morphological and molecular data, Pleurotheciella is closely related to the genera Pleurothecium and Sterigmatobotrys. A key to the three genera and the known species is provided. In the three-gene inferred phylogeny, these genera grouped as a sister clade to the Savoryellales within a robust clade of uncertain higher rank affiliation. Phylogenetic study of the 12 strains that represent Pleurothecium recurvatum revealed four that grouped apart from the core of the species. Two of these strains, which form a monophyletic well supported clade in both phylogenies and share similar morphological characteristics, are described as a new species, Pleurothecium semifecundum.
Vietnam's responses to provincial economic disparities through central-provincial government financial relations

The paper examines key changes in central-provincial government financial arrangements and their effects on provincial economic disparities in Vietnam over the period 2000-2008. We find that after 2004, transfers from the central to provincial governments conformed much more closely to objective and pre-determined criteria than before. Econometric estimations indicate that in the post-2004 sub-period, poorer provinces obtained more-than-proportionate assistance from the central government, and the favourable treatment was statistically significant. Responses from interviews and statistical data suggest that transfers from the central government played an important role in reducing poverty and provincial output disparities after 2004. The difficulties experienced by the central government in securing adequate resources to finance such transfers, the over-reliance of some provinces on the transfers, and related policy implications are also discussed in the paper.
Combining stir bar sorptive extraction and MEKC for the determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental and biological matrices

In this work, stir bar sorptive extraction and liquid desorption was combined with MEKC and diode‐array detection (SBSE‐LD‐MEKC‐DAD) for the determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aqueous medium, using biphenyl, fluorene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene as model compounds. MEKC‐DAD conditions and parameters affecting SBSE‐LD efficiency are fully discussed. Assays performed on aqueous samples spiked at trace levels, yielded recoveries ranging from 55.5 ± 6.1% (pyrene) to 70.7 ± 7.1% (anthracene), under optimized experimental conditions. The methodology proved to be nearly described by the octanol‐water partition coefficients (KPDMS/W≈︁KO/W). The analytical performance showed good precision (<12.0%), suitable detection limits (2–11 µg/L) and convenient linear dynamic ranges (r2>0.99) from 5 to 25 µg/L for anthracene and 25 to 125 µg/L for the remaining compounds. The application of the proposed methodology to environmental water, sediments and fish bile matrices demonstrated good selectivity and accuracy. SBSE‐LD combined with MEKC‐DAD was shown to be an easy, reliable and robustness methodology, as well as a good analytical alternative to monitor environmental priority pollutants.
Brief report: Service implementation and maternal distress surrounding evaluation recommendations for young children diagnosed with autism

There is limited evidence surrounding the ability of families of children with autism spectrum disorders to access and implement recommended interventions following diagnosis. The distress a family may encounter with regard to inability to access recommended services is also poorly understood. In this study, we present preliminary data regarding implementation of clinical recommendations following autism spectrum disorder diagnosis as well as associations of implementation with maternal functioning. In total, 75 mothers of young children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder through a university-based preschool autism clinic returned surveys regarding access to recommended services as well as maternal mental health and distress. Results indicate that while families were able to implement numerous recommendations, specific categories of intervention were less likely to be received. Challenges implementing recommended services were not related to increased maternal distress. These results suggest that despite potential barriers toward accessing some specific recommended services following diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, many families may be quite successful in implementing many other core recommended services and that failure to access such services may not necessarily negatively impact maternal mental health and distress.
NOTES ON ESTIMATED AGGREGATE QUARTERLY CONSUMPTION FUNCTIONS

The aggregate quarterly consumption functions suggested by DuesenberryEckstein-Fromm (DEF) and by Zellner are recomputed and extended through 1960 on the basis of more recent data. While the actual "fit" of the DEF consumption function is substantially lower than previously reported, the coefficient estimates remain reasonably stable throughout the period. The Zellner consumption function fits well but gives rather low estimates of the long run marginal propensity to consume and a rather high and hard to interpret coefficient for the liquid assets variable. It is found also that the Durbin-Watson statistic presents a misleading picture of the amount of actual serial correlation in the residuals of these functions and an alternative nonparametric test is suggested.
Predictors of renal outcome in HIV-associated nephropathy.

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is an important cause of end-stage renal disease among African American patients. This study was performed to study the epidemiology of HIVAN in a predominantly black African population and the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy and other factors on the development of end-stage renal disease. METHODS We retrospectively identified all patients with HIVAN, defined by biopsy or strict clinical criteria, in 8 clinics in the United Kingdom. Baseline renal function, HIV parameters, renal pathological index of chronic damage, and responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy were analyzed, and factors associated with adverse renal outcome were identified. RESULTS From 1998 through 2004, we studied 16,834 patients, 61 of whom had HIVAN. HIVAN prevalence in black patients was 0.93%, and HIVAN incidence in those without renal disease at baseline was 0.61 per 1000 person-years. After a median of 4.2 years, 34 patients (56%) had developed end-stage renal disease. There were no significant differences in renal function and HIV parameters at baseline, time to initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy, and rates of HIV RNA suppression between the 20 patients who developed end-stage renal disease >3 months after receiving the HIVAN diagnosis and the 23 patients who maintained stable renal function. However, the index of chronic damage score was significantly higher in those who developed end-stage renal disease (P < .001), and an index of chronic damage score >75 was associated with shorter renal survival (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Whereas overall patient survival suggested an important benefit of highly active antiretroviral therapy, no additional renal benefit of early initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy or viral suppression could be demonstrated in this large cohort of patients with established HIVAN. Severity of chronic kidney damage, as quantified by biopsy, was the strongest predictor of renal outcome.
Interference Graph-Based Resource Allocation (InGRA) for D2D Communications Underlaying Cellular Networks

Device-to-device (D2D) communications underlaying cellular networks have been recently considered as a promising means to enhance resource utilization of the cellular network and local user throughput among devices in proximity to each other. In this paper, we investigate the joint resource block assignment and transmit power allocation problem to optimize the network performance in such a scenario. Specifically, we model the interference relationships among different D2D and cellular communication links as a novel interference graph with unique attributes and propose a corresponding joint resource-allocation scheme that can effectively lead to a near-optimal solution at the base station, with low computational complexity. Simulation results confirm that, with markedly reduced complexity, our proposed scheme achieves a network throughput that approaches the one corresponding to the optimal resource-sharing scheme obtained via exhaustive search.
A Counter-Intuitive Model for the Euro-Dollar Exchange Rate

With this work I try to venture an odd interpretation on the short term determinants of the Euro-Dollar exchange rate. The starting point is the Quantitative Theory of Money as formulated by Milton Friedman, where I have added a further money-demand component as a derivation of globally-based Asset Allocation strategies; such component involves an exchange rate's dependency on interest rates opposite to what follows from Friedman's theory. Tests on alternative solutions let me lean to choose a counter-intuitively featured model, where exchange rate depends on the whole history of interest rates, more precisely the interest-rates forward-contracts' final-values time series, and is led by financial-flows' speculative dynamics. Model features entails hypotheses of a very high substitutability between bonds issued in the two monetary areas involved, prevailing of further seemingly casual factors, and presence of inertia and persistence phenomena who prevent the exchange rate from moving accordingly to the main equilibrium conditions such as Purchasing Power Parity and Uncovered Interest Parity.
Recurrent criminal behavior and executive dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE To experimentally test the hypothesis that people who repeatedly participate in forms of non-violent crime exhibit an executive deficit detected in tests of high ecological validity, having changes in prefrontal functioning as neurophysiologic basis. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A batteiy to assess executive dysfunction was administered--the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS)--to an experimental group of 30 inmates convicted of crimes against property (mean age = 39.3, SD = 9.98), and a control group of 30 (mean age = 32.7, SD = 11.8), all male. RESULTS The group of recurrent inmates performed significantly worse than the control group in their global scores on the battery, as well as in the majority of subscales. CONCLUSION Without removing from consideration the fact that sample size was not very large and, primarily, alerting ourselves to the dangerous hypothesis of a "frontal criminogenesis," the authors interpret criminal recurrence and resistance to penal measures in terms of the scarcity of control that individuals from the experimental group have over their behavior and its respective consequences.
Slave systems in verbal short-term memory

Background: The model of performance in short-term memory (STM) tasks that has been most influential in cognitive neuropsychological work on deficits of STM is the “working memory” model mainly associated with the work of Alan Baddeley and his colleagues. Aim: This paper reviews the model. We examine the development of this theory in studies that account for STM performances in normal (non-brain-damaged) individuals, and then review the application of this theory to neuropsychological cases and specifications, modifications, and extensions of the theory that have been suggested on the basis of these cases. Our approach is to identify the major phenomena that have been discussed and to examine selected papers dealing with those phenomena in some detail. Main Contribution: The main contribution is a review of the WM model that includes both normative and neuropsychological data. Conclusions: We conclude that the WM model has many inconsistencies and empirical inadequacies, and that cognitive neuropsychologists might benefit from considering other models when they attempt to describe and explain patients' performances on STM tasks.
Luminal Injection of Hydrogen-Rich Solution Attenuates Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Background Luminal preservation of the intestine is an attractive method to locally mitigate preservation injury and ischemic-reperfusion injury in small bowel transplantation (SBT) because this method has a potential to maintain the intestinal graft integrity. Hydrogen is noted as an antioxidant material by reducing hydroxyl radicals. We hypothesized that hydrogen-containing solution can be an optimum material for luminal preservation method in SBT. Methods Ischemic reperfusion was induced in Lewis rats by occlusion of the supramesenteric artery and vein for 90 min. Experimental protocols were divided into four groups: sham operation group, no luminal injection (control) group, luminal injection of 5% glucose saline (GS) solution group, and luminal injection of hydrogen-rich GS (HRGS) group. Two milliliters of experimental solution was locally injected into the lumen of the intestine before declamping of vessels. Oxidative stress markers, proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis in the crypt cells, and morphologic changes of the intestine were assessed. Results The production of malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, as oxidative stress markers, were markedly suppressed in HRGS group. The level of proinflammatory cytokines, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-6, was significantly inhibited in HRGS group. Crypt apoptosis was also significantly suppressed in HRGS group. Histopathologically, integrity of villus in intestine was maintained in HRGS group in comparison to the other groups. Conclusion Luminal injection of hydrogen-rich solution can reduce oxidative stress and consequently ameliorate ischemic-reperfusion injury. Hydrogen-containing solution can be a novel and promising luminal preservation material in SBT.
Addressing Community Decay and Crime: Alternative Approaches and Explanation

The report presents findings from a nationwide survey of programs aimed at preventing and controlling decay and crime. Included are a description of program goals and strategies, a systematic framework for examining approaches to revitalization, and an analysis of ways in which activities are used in community programs. The report also examines such program features as type of organization, funding and staffing, and program effectiveness. One chapter covers the most popular approaches and activities used by the programs surveyed.
Deficits in Eye Gaze During Negative Social Interactions in Patients With Schizophrenia

Impaired social functioning has been reported in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to examine characteristics of interpersonal behaviors in patients with schizophrenia during various social interactions using the virtual reality system. Twenty-six patients and 26 controls engaged in the virtual conversation tasks, including 3 positive and 3 negative emotion-laden conversations. Eye gaze and other behavioral parameters were recorded during the listening and answering phases. The amount of eye gaze was assessed as smaller in the patients than in the controls. A significant interaction effect of group status and emotional type was found for the listening phase. The amount of eye gaze in the patients inversely correlated with self-rated scores of assertiveness for the listening phase. These results suggest that the patients displayed inadequate levels of augmentations in eye gaze during negative emotional situations. These deficits should be considered in the treatment and social skills training for patients with schizophrenia.
Prediction of transplant-free survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients using joint models for event times and mixed multivariate longitudinal data

We implement a joint model for mixed multivariate longitudinal measurements, applied to the prediction of time until lung transplant or death in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Specifically, we formulate a unified Bayesian joint model for the mixed longitudinal responses and time-to-event outcomes. For the longitudinal model of continuous and binary responses, we investigate multivariate generalized linear mixed models using shared random effects. Longitudinal and time-to-event data are assumed to be independent conditional on available covariates and shared parameters. A Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, implemented in OpenBUGS, is used for parameter estimation. To illustrate practical considerations in choosing a final model, we fit 37 different candidate models using all possible combinations of random effects and employ a deviance information criterion to select a best-fitting model. We demonstrate the prediction of future event probabilities within a fixed time interval for patients utilizing baseline data, post-baseline longitudinal responses, and the time-to-event outcome. The performance of our joint model is also evaluated in simulation studies.
An Automatic Scheme to Categorize User Sessions in Modern HTTP Traffic

The characterization of HTTP traffic is crucial for performance evaluation and server design. In this paper, we analyze massive Web traces generated by various busy servers in recent years, trying to find the new features of modern HTTP traffic and user behaviors. Comparing the conclusions of earlier studies with our results, we have spotted considerable unconventional ingredients in modern HTTP traffic that could hardly be described by previous models. We also propose an innovative scheme to automatically categorize these various ingredients in modern traffic. The novel aspects of our work are: (1)It reveals the sophisticated composition of modern HTTP traffic with solid evidence, (2)It provides an automatic method to analyze the composition of modern HTTP traffic and (3)It promises a powerful manner to evaluate the possible performance implication of modern HTTP traffic on existing Web servers. We hope this work would help researchers and designers to better understand new features of HTTP workloads and therefore make corresponding adaptations in design practice.
Chronology of Significant Developments in the Establishment of Accounting Principles in the United States, 1926-1972

In the last half-dozen years, a number of writers have proposed new approaches to the development of accounting principles in the United States. Yet little systematic research has been published on the process that has actually been used during the last several decades. For the practitioner or academician who has not closely followed the stages of evolution in this process, the succession of episodes, as related in the financial and accountancy press, must appear bewildering. Many events seem to be unrelated to one another, and very little published writing is available to place them in an understandable time frame. Nonetheless, there has indeed been an evolution, and it is important that practitioners and academicians alike acquire some appreciation of the train of events that form the record of achievement, such as it is, in the establishment of accounting principles. To this end, the following chronology is offered as an overview of the principal events that occurred between 1926 and 1971.1
Concurrent Validity of Vertical Jump Performance Assessment Systems

Abstract Castagna, C, Ganzetti, M, Ditroilo, M, Giovannelli, M, Rocchetti, A, and Manzi, V. Concurrent validity of vertical jump performance assessment systems. J Strength Cond Res 27(3): 761–768, 2013—The aim of this study was to examine the concurrent validity of 2 portable systems for vertical jump (VJ) assessment under field conditions. The VJ flight times assessed using an optical mat (Optojump) and an accelerometer-based (Myotest) system were compared with that of a force platform. The flight times recorded during a countermovement jump (CMJ) were collected from 20 rugby players (n = 86 jumps) concurrently using the 3 tracking systems. Significant bias between the Force platform and either the Optojump (bias = 0.006 ± 0.007; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.004–0.007 seconds) and Myotest (bias = −0.031 ± 0.021; 95% CI 0.035 to −0.026s; p < 0.0001) occurred. A nearly perfect correlation was found between force platform and Optojump (r = 0.99; 95% CI 0.098–0.99; p < 0.0001). Force platform and Myotest (r = 0.89; 95% CI 0.084–0.93; p < 0.0001) flight times showed very large association. Difference between Optojump and Myotest systems was significant (−0.036 ± 0.021 seconds; 95% CI −0.041 to −0.032; p < 0.0001), which results in Myotest mean flight time being approximately 7.2% longer than the Optojump flight time. The association between Optojump and Myotest was nearly perfect (r = 0.91, 95% CI 0.86–0.94; p < 0.0001). This study showed that the Optojump and Myotest systems possess convergent validity and can be successfully used under field conditions to assess VJ while performing a CMJ. However, caution should be exercised when interpreting data obtained from different portable systems for field measurement.
Isolation and Characterization of an Indian Orf Virus from Goats

Isolation and characterization of an orf virus has been described here. The virus was isolated from an outbreak of ‘scabby mouth’ in goats in Northern India. Viral morphology from the scab biopsy revealed typical ovoid‐shaped particles characteristic of Parapoxvirus. Virus was isolated from sonicated scab suspension and characterized by restriction enzyme (RE) analysis and sequencing of full‐length GM‐CSF‐ and interleukin‐2 inhibitory factor (GIF) gene. RE pattern of the virus did not show close resemblance to most of the orf viruses published earlier. However, it showed high sequence identity and closer phylogenetic relationship with previously published ORFV‐SA00 strain, as evident from the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of GIF gene.
An Empirical Study of Mini-Batch Creation Strategies for Neural Machine Translation

Training of neural machine translation (NMT) models usually uses mini-batches for efficiency purposes. During the mini-batched training process, it is necessary to pad shorter sentences in a mini-batch to be equal in length to the longest sentence therein for efficient computation. Previous work has noted that sorting the corpus based on the sentence length before making mini-batches reduces the amount of padding and increases the processing speed. However, despite the fact that mini-batch creation is an essential step in NMT training, widely used NMT toolkits implement disparate strategies for doing so, which have not been empirically validated or compared. This work investigates mini-batch creation strategies with experiments over two different datasets. Our results suggest that the choice of a mini-batch creation strategy has a large effect on NMT training and some length-based sorting strategies do not always work well compared with simple shuffling.