Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can Face-to-Face Mobilization Boost Student Voter Turnout? Results of a Campus Field Experiment

American colleges and universities have an expanding role to play in nurturing political engagement as more youth attend college. Given low voter turnout among college students yet growing experimental evidence that face-to-face mobilization can boost turnout, the experiment reported in this article examined the impact of a face-to-face college student mobilization effort on a small, private university in Florida. The authors found a non-significant difference in turnout between those students contacted and those not contacted. The findings suggest that although it is generally difficult to mobilize U.S. citizens, it may be especially difficult to mobilize U.S. college students. Brief recommendations are offered for steps university members can take to make elections a more established part of college students’ experience.
Conceptual modelling within the MAS-CommonKADS plus OPEN method engineering approach

Evaluation of the MAS-CommonKADS approach for the development of agent-oriented software leads us to propose a number of conceptual modelling elements for inclusion in the metamodelling-based OPEN method engineering approach. In order to support the concepts in MAS-CommonKADS using this existing process framework (namely OPEN), we identify three new tasks, together with two new subtasks and ten additional work products that need to be added to the existing OPEN repository. Using method engineering, it then becomes possible to generate a tailored agent-oriented methodology from this suite of method fragments.
A grounded theory of snuff-dipping behaviour (use of Swedish ‘snus’) in a Norwegian population

In Scandinavia, use of oral moist snuff tobacco (Swedish ‘snus’) has increased in popularity over the last two decades. However, there is a general lack of qualitative research investigating causal factors and motivations for snuff use in different populations. The objective is to examine how snuff-dipping is acquired, developed and maintained in a Norwegian population. A structured grounded theory approach was used. Fourteen participants were interviewed for the study, aged between 18 and 38 years, with an average age of 26 years. The interviews focused on what role snuff-dipping played in participants’ lives, and the aim was to establish how snuff-dipping was acquired, developed and maintained. Context-specific mood modification emerged as the core category for snuff-dipping behaviour. This involved an urge for stimulation and arousal at specific times or in certain settings. Snuff-dipping behaviour was acquired either through conformity to a social group ritual or for smoking cessation purposes. Rationalisation served to maintain the behaviour, and helped weaken incentives to quit snuff-dipping. Snuff-dipping behaviour was acquired through conformity to a social group ritual or as a replacement for cigarettes. Context-specific mood modification was identified as the prime motivation for continuing the behaviour, while rationalisation also led to behaviour maintenance. Limitations of the study and implications for snuff prevention and intervention are discussed, while suggestions for future research are provided.
Personal, Social and Organizational factors in usage of Collaboration Systems for Research

This paper attempts to investigate the relationship between personal, social and organizational factors with the usage of collaborative systems for research. The target population for this study is the academic staffs of Malaysia research universities. The personal related factors are personal innovativeness and tasktechnology-fit whereas the social factors are subjective norm and peer acceptance. The organizational factors are training and management support. The relationship of these three perspectives (i.e. personal, social and organizational) in relation with usage of collaborative systems is studied using a model adapted from Technology-OrganizationEnvironment (TOE) model and incorporating it with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data analysis presents the descriptive statistics of the respondents, the reliability and validity of the instruments used and correlational analysis of the factors. In conclusion, this paper proposes a framework incorporating these factors that are important in influencing usage of collaboration systems for academic research.
A PEER-TO-PEER FILE SHARING SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS AD-HOC NETWORKS

In recent years, we have witnessed an increasing popularity of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. Especially, file sharing applications aroused considerable interest of the Internet users and currently there exist several peer-to-peer file sharing systems that are functional on the Internet. In the mean time, recent developments in mobile devices and wireless communication technologies enabled personal digital assistants (PDA) to form ad-hoc networks in an easy and automated way. However, file sharing in wireless ad-hocnetworks imposes many challenges that make conventional peer-to-peer systems operating on wire-line networks (i.e. Internet) inapplicable for this case. Information and workload distribution as well as routing are major problems for members of a wireless ad-hoc network, which are only aware of peers that are within their communication range. In this thesis, we propose a system that solves peer-to-peer file-sharing problem for wireless ad-hoc networks. Our system works according to principles of peer-to-peer systems, without requiring a central server, and distributes information regarding the location of shared files among members of the network. By means of constructing a distributed hash table (DHT) and forming a tree shaped overlay network based on the topology of the network itself, the system is able to answer location queries, and also discover and maintain routing information that is used to transfer files from a source-peer to another peer
Helping Children Enter Into Another's Experiences: The Look and Feel of It

The role of focusing 4-year-olds' attention on “feeling” or “looking” was examined in three experiments by testing predictions about children's memory for their interactions with an adult partner as they engaged in a collaborative task. Children made collages with an adult partner, and they were later asked to remember who placed the pieces on the collage. Children were more likely to claim they placed pieces actually placed by their partner (Experiments 1, 2, and 3), unless directed to think about how their partner looked when placing the partner's pieces (Experiments 1 and 3). False claims were observed after children were directed to think about how it would “feel” to perform the actions, whether motoric instructions were focused on the self (Experiment 2, N = 48) or partner (Experiment 1, N = 40, and Experiment 3, N = 24). Furthermore, false claims (referred to as I did it errors) were positively associated with accurate collage memory (Experiment 3). These findings suggest that adopting a perspective during encoding that involves “feeling” movements—whether focused on the self or partner—plays an important role in children's memory for collaboration (in this context, memory for contributions made by children or their adult partners to the completion of a collage). A focus on “feeling” may be a way to “enter into” the experiences of another, promoting anticipation and recoding, which may lead to better learning in both collaborative and non-collaborative contexts.
Systems Thinking and Agility; Think Big, Act Small

The focus in agile methods is on useful and feasible increments. The architecture is evolving by refactoring. Refactoring steps are only taken if needed for the increment. The longer term result of this approach is an emerging architecture, where every small step makes sense, but the overall architecture is not satisfying. In this article we propose a time-boxed investment to create the big picture as a complement to the incremental agile approach. An investment of a few days is sufficient to create a big picture that provides useful insights for incremental steps.
Autonomic control of skin microvessels: assessment by power spectrum of photoplethysmographic waves.

1. Although it is well known that the microvessels of the skin constantly undergo spontaneous variations in volume, the significance of these rhythmic changes remains uncertain. 2. In 10 healthy males and in 15 patients in intensive care, we assessed the origin of the autonomic influences on spontaneous fluctuations in the microcirculation of the skin, obtained by an infra-red photoplethysmographic device; we used spectral analysis techniques to compare these fluctuations (which were recorded simultaneously in two sites) with those of blood pressure, in order to test the presence of autonomic control of any synchronous fluctuations in these different measurements from the cardiovascular system. In order to minimize mechanical fluctuations caused by occasional slow breaths, rather than nervously mediated fluctuations in skin blood flow, respiration was controlled at 15 breaths/min (0.25 Hz). 3. Spontaneous infra-red photoplethysmographic fluctuations were observed in different body areas (left index finger and left ear lobe, right and left index finger), and all were evident at 0.1 Hz, as well as respiration-related components at 0.25 Hz. Active standing increased the power of the 0.1 Hz fluctuations (sympathetic activity) in both blood pressure (from 62.7 +/- 7.1 to 79.2 +/- 3.7 normalized units, P < 0.05) and IRP (finger: from 68.5 +/- 6.4 to 86.9 +/- 3.4 normalized units, P < 0.05; ear: from 59.0 +/- 5.9 to 88.1 +/- 2.0, P < 0.01). There was a high (> 0.5) coherence between the fluctuations obtained in blood pressure, in IRP signals obtained simultaneously at the finger and at the ear, and in R-R interval. This synchronization between the oscillations in all these signals, which were unrelated to the respiratory frequency or to the pulse rate, suggests a common neural, non-local origin. The phase between IRP and blood pressure was positive in the 0.1 Hz region (+1.65 +/- 0.41 radians, i.e. IRP was leading blood pressure, showing that 0.1 Hz fluctuations were not passively transmitted to the skin microvessels from large arteries) and negative in the 0.25 Hz region (-0.74 +/- 0.19 radians, P < 0.01 compared with phase in the 0.1 Hz region, i.e. IRP was lagging behind blood pressure, suggesting possible passive transmission to the skin microvessels of blood pressure fluctuations caused by respiration). Fluctuations at lower frequency were observed in all IRP recordings, suggesting a local origin for these. Intra-arterial and IRP fluctuations were compared in the 15 intensive care patients and gave similar results. 4. The skin microcirculation is thus not only under local control, but also reflects changes in sympathetic activity; the effect of these changes on the skin microcirculation can be easily evaluated by the spectral analysis of the IRP signal obtained simultaneously in multiple areas, in conjunction with the spectra of R-R interval and blood pressure.
Molecular biosignatures reveal common benthic microbial sources of organic matter in ooids and grapestones from Pigeon Cay, The Bahamas

Ooids are sedimentary grains that are distributed widely in the geologic record. Their formation is still actively debated, which limits our understanding of the significance and meaning of these grains in Earth's history. Central questions include the role played by microbes in the formation of ooids and the sources of ubiquitous organic matter within ooid cortices. To address these issues, we investigated the microbial community composition and associated lipids in modern oolitic sands at Pigeon Cay on Cat Island, The Bahamas. Surface samples were taken along a transect from the shallow, turbulent surf zone to calmer, deeper water. Grains transitioned from shiny and abraded ooids in the surf zone, to biofilm‐coated ooids at about 3 m water depth. Further offshore, grapestones (cemented aggregates of ooids) dominated. Benthic diatoms and Proteobacteria dominated biofilms. Taxa that may promote carbonate precipitation were abundant, particularly those associated with sulfur cycling. Compared to the lipids associated with surface biofilms, relict lipids bound within carbonate exhibited remarkably similar profiles in all grain types. The enhanced abundance of methyl‐branched fatty acids and β‐hydroxy fatty acids, 1‐O‐monoalkyl glycerol ethers and hopanoids bound within ooid and grapestone carbonate confirms a clear association of benthic sedimentary bacteria with these grains. Lipids bound within ooid cortices also contain molecular indicators of microbial heterotrophic degradation of organic matter, possibly in locally reducing conditions. These included the loss of labile unsaturated fatty acids, enhanced long‐chain fatty acids/short‐chain fatty acids, enriched stable carbon isotopes ratios of fatty acids, and very high stanol/stenol ratios. To what extent some of these molecular signals are derived from later heterotrophic endolithic activity remains to be fully resolved. We speculate that some ooid carbonate forms in microbial biofilms and that early diagenetic degradation of biofilms may also play a role in early stage carbonate precipitation around ooids.
The Experiences of Adolescents' Suffering from Cancer: Breaking out of the withdrawn Ego

주요어: 청소년, 암, 삶의 경험 *이 논문은 제1저자 김윤정의 박사학위논문의 축약본임. * This article is a condensed form of the first author’s doctoral thesis from Chung-ang University. Address reprint requests to: Kwon, Hye Jin Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea Tel: +82-2-820-5678, +82-10-8261-2114 Fax: +82-2-824-7961 E-mail: kwonhj@cau.ac. kr 투 고 일: 2013년 8월 19일 심사완료일: 2013년 12월 9일 게재확정일: 2013년 12월 10일 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 암에 걸린 청소년의 질병경험: 움츠린 자아에서 벗어나기
Author ' s personal copy Implementation of a mortar mixed finite element method using a Multiscale Flux Basis

This paper provides a new implementation of a multiscale mortar mixed finite element method for second order elliptic problems. The algorithm uses non-overlapping domain decomposition to reformulate a fine scale problem as a coarse scale mortar interface problem, which is then solved using an iterative method. The original implementation by Arbogast, Pencheva, Wheeler, and Yotov, Multiscale Model. Simul. 2007, required solving one local Dirichlet problem on each subdomain per interface iteration. We alter this implementation by forming a Multiscale Flux Basis. This basis consists of mortar functions representing the individual flux responses for each mortar degree of freedom, on each subdomain independently. The computation of these basis functions requires solving a fixed number of Dirichlet subdomain problems. Taking linear combinations of the Multiscale Flux Basis functions replaces the need to solve any Dirichlet subdomain problems during the interface iteration. This new implementation yields the same solution as the original implementation, and is computationally more efficient in cases where the number of interface iterations is greater than the number of mortar degrees of freedom per subdomain. The gain in computational efficiency increases with the number of subdomains. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Thermal tolerance in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

SUMMARY Water and air temperature are potentially limiting factors to the pole-ward distributions of coastal bottlenose dolphins. This study assessed the lower critical temperature of captive bottlenose dolphins to air temperature (LCTa) and water temperature (LCTw) through the use of open flow respirometry. Five dolphins, ranging from 14 to 33 years of age and acclimated to the waters of the southern California coast (14.2–22.5°C), were subjected to water temperatures ranging from 0.2 to 18.0°C. Two of the animals were additionally subjected to air temperatures ranging from –2.4 to 17.8°C while maintaining water temperature approximately 3°C above their individual LCTw. The LCTw ranged from 5.5 to 10.6°C and generally decreased with increasing animal mass; for dolphins in excess of 187 kg, the LCTw ranged from 5.5 to 5.7°C. No LCTa could be determined across the range of air temperatures tested. Core body temperature remained within the limits of normal body temperatures reported for dolphins but demonstrated a direct relationship to water temperature in three subjects and varied across a range of 1.5°C. Air and water temperature had a minimal synergistic effect on dolphin thermoregulation, i.e. water temperature exerted the predominant impact on thermoregulation. For dolphins in excess of 187 kg, water temperature alone would appear to be insufficient to limit the use of habitat north of current bottlenose dolphin ranges along the coastal United States. However, thermal impacts to smaller dolphins, in particular adolescents, neonates and accompanying females, may work in concert with other factors (e.g. prey distribution, predator avoidance, social interactions) to influence coastal residency patterns and population structure.
Association between the tryptophan hydroxylase gene and manic-depressive illness.

BACKGROUND Genes encoding proteins involved in serotonergic metabolism are major candidates in association studies of mood disorders and suicidal behavior. This association study explores whether the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) gene, which codes for the rate-limiting enzyme of serotonin biosynthesis, is a susceptibility factor for manic-depressive illness, with or without a history of suicide attempts. METHODS The TPH intron 7 A218C polymorphism was determined using a polymerase chain reaction-based method in DNA samples from 152 patients with bipolar disorder and 94 healthy control subjects. RESULTS There was a significant association between TPH genotypes and manic-depressive illness. Among patients with bipolar disorder, no association was found between TPH alleles and suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS This result suggests the involvement of the TPH gene in susceptibility to manic-depressive illness. This preliminary result requires confirmation in further groups of patients and controls.
When parents lay their children to rest: Between anger and forgiveness

A hermeneutic-phenomenological study of 13 bereaved parents of fallen soldiers or victims of terrorism describes their grief, anger, and forgiveness in relation to their struggle with personal loss. The findings indicate anger as a major variable among participants, aroused by three sources: (i) the circumstances of the loss; (ii) the institutionalized response to the loss; and (iii) a certain policy and its makers. A salient finding is that the ‘enemy,’ the target of the most anger, was never the one who actually killed their son, but a political leader who participants perceived to be responsible for the loss. Forgiveness was scarcely relevant to participants. A proposed explanation focuses on the meaning of the respective representations of the dead child in the participants’ inner and social worlds, and their lack of readiness for the necessary transformation of that representation. Recommendations include the institutionalized responses that may benefit the parents personally and assist them in reaching forgiveness and reconciliation with their defined enemy.
Substance Abuse and Drug Courts

By drawing on social control theory, this study examines the effect of juvenile drug court treatment on the desistence of delinquent behavior in Maricopa County, Arizona. Bonds to family members, school, and peers are included in the analyses to assess how they influence offenders’ treatment progress (i.e., delinquency and drug use) and program completion. Special analytical focus is placed on the additive and interactive effects such bonds have on juvenile drug court success. Results indicate social bonds (e.g., parents’ substance abuse, siblings’ substance abuse, peers’ substance abuse, and gang membership) play a significant role in the desistance of delinquent behavior and program completion. Based on these findings, the effect of juvenile court programs on delinquency and drug use will largely depend on their ability to address offenders’ weak social bonds.
Enhanced Secretion of IFN-γ by Activated Th1 Cells Occurs Via Reverse Signaling Through TNF-Related Activation-Induced Cytokine1

Growing evidence has demonstrated that members of TNF superfamily transduce signals after engagement with their receptors. TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE), a member of TNF superfamily, is preferentially expressed on the surface of activated CD4+ Th1 cells. The soluble receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK). Fc fusion protein suppresses IFN-γ secretion by activated Th1 cells, but does not affect IL-4 secretion by Th2 cells. The suppressive effect on IFN-γ secretion is observed when Th1 cells are activated by APCs, but not by immobilized anti-TCRβ mAb. In contrast, immobilized RANK.Fc fusion protein augments IFN-γ secretion by Th1 cells, indicating the occurrence of reverse signaling through TRANCE during T cell/APC interaction. The enhanced secretion of IFN-γ mediated via TRANCE correlates with the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and is blocked by SB203580, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-specific inhibitor. Thus, in addition to its role in activating dendritic cells by binding to the receptor RANK, TRANCE itself can signal the augmentation of IFN-γ secretion via a p38-dependent pathway, and this provides yet another example of reverse signaling by a member of TNF superfamily.
Do I Really Need Someone in Order to Become an Adult? Romantic Relationships During Emerging Adulthood in Italy

Italian emerging adults stay at home with their parents until they marry. Being involved in a romantic relationship may be considered one precursor of the success of the transition to adulthood. In this study, 92 dating and 84 nondating emerging adults were compared on when they left the parental home and their future plans. They were also compared on individual outcomes (depression, sense of coherence, and self-esteem) and their perception of parental emotional support. Finally, the influence of parental and romantic relationships on individual outcomes was investigated. Results show that dating emerging adults do not differ from nondating emerging adults about perception of emotional support from parents and about most of the outcomes. However, there are differences in time leaving the parental home, future plans, and the influence of relationships on outcomes. In conclusion, different paths characterize emerging adulthood, confirming the heterogeneity of this period also in the Italian context.