Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Methodology for Seismic Damage Control of CFT-MRFs

An empirical methodology to evaluate damage by the use of two damage indicators for 2D steel/concrete composite structures is proposed. This methodology has been established with aid of the results of an extensive parametric study regarding the non-linear behaviour of 48 steel/concrete composite frames subjected to 100 far-fault records. A large number of inelastic dynamic analyses are conducted by increasing the earthquake motions to lead the frames to several levels of non-linear response. The results of the analyses show that the characteristics of the structure and the ground motions affect damage of the structures. The results are post-processed by the use of statistical methods to generate expressions, which show the effect of the abovementioned parameters and give an evaluation of the damage indicators utilised here. In particular, given the characteristics of the frames and the record, someone can compute the maximum damage found in beams and columns. Finally, one example serves to show the use of the developed formulae and demonstrates their validity.
Single-Layer Trunk Routing Using 45-Degree Lines within Critical Areas for PCB Routing

In recent Printed Circuit Boards (PCB), the design size and density have increased, and the improvement of routing tools for PCB is required. Although there are several routing tools that generate high-quality global routings when only horizontal and vertical segments are used, PCB designers are not satisfied with these tools because high-density PCBs require segments that have arbitrary directions. In this paper, we propose a routing method that maintains the advantages of tools that use horizontal and vertical segments only, while handling higher density designs by using 45-degree segments to locally relax the routing density.
D ec 2 01 2 Gamma Ray Signals from Dark Matter : Concepts , Status and Prospects

Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) remain a prim e candidate for the cosmological dark matter (DM), even in the absence of current co llider signals that would unambiguously point to new physics below the TeV scale. The s elf-annihilation of these particles in astronomical targets may leave observable imp rints in cosmic rays of various kinds. In this review, we focus on gamma rays which we argue to play a pronounced role among the various possible messengers. We discuss the m ost promising spectral and spatial signatures to look for, give an update on the current state of gamma-ray searches for DM and an outlook concerning future prospects. We also as sess in some detail the implications of a potential signal identification for parti cle DM models as well as for our understanding of structure formation. Special emphasi s is put on the possible evidence for a 130 GeV line-like signal that we recently identifi ed in the data of the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope.
Beta-Catenin Haplo Insufficient Male Mice Do Not Lose Bone in Response to Hindlimb Unloading

As the β-catenin pathway has been shown to be involved in mechanotransduction, we sought to determine if haploinsufficiency would affect skeletal response to unloading. It has previously been shown that deletion of both alleles of β-catenin in bone cells results in a fragile skeleton highly susceptible to fracture, but deletion of one allele using Dmp1-Cre (Ctnnb1+/loxP; Dmp1-Cre, cKO HET) has little effect on the 2 mo old skeleton. We found that under normal housing conditions, trabecular bone volume was significantly less in 5 mo old male cKO HET mice compared to controls (Ctrl/HET:Tb. BV/TV = 13.96±2.71/8.92±0.95%, Tb.N. = 4.88±0.51/3.95±0.44/mm, Tb. Sp. = 0.20±0.02/0.26±0.03mm, a 36%, 19% and 30% change respectively) but not in females suggesting an age and gender related effect. Before performing suspension experiments and to control for the environmental effects, animals with the same tail attachment and housing conditions, but not suspended (NS), were compared to normally housed (NH) animals. Attachment and housing resulted in weight loss in both genders and phenotypes. Cortical bone loss was observed in the cKO HET males (NH/NS, Ct BV/TV: 90.45±0.72/89.12±0.56%) and both diaphyseal (0.19±0.01/0.17±0.01mm) and metaphyseal (0.10±0.01/0.08±0.01mm) thickness, but not in female cKO HET mice suggesting that male cKO HET mice are susceptible to attachment and housing conditions. These results with transgenic mice emphasizes the importance of proper controls when attributing skeletal responses to unloading. With suspension, cKO HET male mice did not lose bone unlike female cKO HET mice that had greater trabecular bone loss than controls (Ctrl 9%:cKO HET 21% decrease Tb. N; Ctrl 12%:cKO HET 27% increase Tb. Sp.). Suspended and non-suspended mice lost weight compared to normally housed animals. Taken together, the data suggest a protective effect of β-catenin against the effects of stress in males and partial protection against unloading in females.
Iterated Local Search

Iterated Local Search has many of the desirable features of a metaheuristic: it is simple, easy to implement, robust, and highly effective. The essential idea of Iterated Local Search lies in focusing the search not on the full space of solutions but on a smaller subspace defined by the solutions that are locally optimal for a given optimization engine. The success of Iterated Local Search lies in the biased sampling of this set of local optima. How effective this approach turns out to be depends mainly on the choice of the local search, the perturbations, and the acceptance criterion. So far, in spite of its conceptual simplicity, it has lead to a number of state-of-the-art results without the use of too much problem- specific knowledge. But with further work so that the different modules are well adapted to the problem at hand, Iterated Local Search can often become a competitive or even state of the art algorithm. The purpose of this review is both to give a detailed description of this metaheuristic and to show where it stands in terms of performance.
Benefits and costs of screening Ashkenazi Jewish women for BRCA1 and BRCA2.

PURPOSE To determine the survival benefit and cost-effectiveness of screening Ashkenazi Jewish women for three specific BRCA1/2 gene mutations. METHODS We used a Markov model and Monte Carlo analysis to estimate the survival benefit and cost-effectiveness of screening for three specific mutations in a population in which their prevalence is 2.5% and the associated cancer risks are 56% for breast cancer and 16% for ovarian cancer. We assumed that the sensitivity and specificity of the test were 98% and 99%, respectively, that bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy would reduce ovarian cancer risk by 45%, and that bilateral prophylactic mastectomy would reduce breast cancer risk by 90%. We used Medicare payment data for treatment costs and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data for cancer survival. RESULTS Our model suggests that genetic screening of this population could prolong average nondiscounted survival by 38 days (95% probability interval, 22 to 57 days) for combined surgery, 33 days (95% probability interval, 18 to 43 days) for mastectomy, 11 days (95% probability interval, 4 to 25 days) for oophorectomy, and 6 days (95% probability interval, 3 to 8 days) for surveillance. The respective cost-effectiveness ratios per life-year saved, with a discount rate of 3%, are $20,717, $29,970, $72,780, and $134,273. CONCLUSION In this Ashkenazi Jewish population, with a high prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations, genetic screening may significantly increase average survival and, depending on costs and screening/treatment strategies, may be cost-effective by the standards of accepted cancer screening tests. According to our model, screening is cost-effective only if all women who test positive undergo prophylactic surgery. These estimates require confirmation through prospective observational studies and clinical trials.
Impact of Obesity on Mortality and Complications in Trauma Patients

Objective:To examine the association between obesity and outcomes in injured patients. Background:The United States is facing an obesity epidemic affecting 1 in 3 adult Americans. Very little is known about the role of obesity in acute illness. Optimal care of obese trauma patients can only be achieved once we gain a better understanding of the impact of severe obesity on trauma outcomes. Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 147,680 patients admitted to 28 level I and level II Pennsylvania trauma centers between 2000 and 2009. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between obesity and in-hospital mortality and major complications, adjusting for injury severity, age, gender, mechanism of injury, systolic blood pressure, and the motor component of the Glasgow Coma Scale, comorbidities, and year of admission. Patients were grouped into predefined weight categories: underweight (<1st percentile), reference (1st–74th percentile), grade 1 obesity (75th–90th percentile), grade 2 obesity (91th–95th percentile), grade 3 obesity (96th–99th percentile), and grade 4 obesity (>99th percentile). Body mass index was not calculated because height data was not available. Results:After adjusting for injury severity and other risk factors, male patients with severe obesity—grade 3 obesity [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.64; P = 0.052] or grade 4 obesity (AOR 2.30; 95% CI: 1.48, 3.58; P < 0.001)—were more likely to die than nonobese patients. Severe obesity was associated with an approximately twofold higher risk of major complications: male patients with grade 3 obesity (AOR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.48, 1.97; P < 0. 001) or grade 4 obesity (AOR 2.14; 95% CI: 1.83, 2.51; P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for female patients. Male and female patients with severe obesity had a 2.5- to 4-fold higher risk of developing acute renal failure. Severely obese females had 2.5- to 4.5-fold higher risk of developing wound complications, and a 4-to 8-fold higher risk of developing decubiti. Conclusions:Severely obese trauma patients were at least 30% more likely to die and approximately twice as likely to have a major complication compared with nonobese patients.
AISI O2 Takım Çeliğinin Frezelenmesinde Minimum Miktarda Yağlama (MQL) Sisteminin Kesme Performansına Etkisi

Nowadays, in addition to improving cutting performance, the development of low cost, non-harmful and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes is important in terms of sustainable manufacturing methods. Minimum Lubrication (MQL) is one of the machining methods used to improve the cutting performance of hard and high strength materials that are difficult to process and less cutting fluid is used compared to conventional processing methods in order to ensure the sustainable manufacturing methods. For this reason, commercial cutting fluid was used to machine AISI O2 cold work tool steel using TiAlN coated cutting tool by MQL method in this study. The experimental results obtained in order to investigate the effect of the MQL method on the cutting performance are compared with the results of the milling performed under dry conditions. According to the results of the experiment; the highest tool life (2.55 m) has been achieved by milling with MQL method. In addition, the values of surface roughness and cutting forces have been determined to improve significantly in comparison to dry milling.
Reliable prominence identification in English spontaneous speech

This paper presents a follow up of a study on the automatic detection of prosodic prominence in spontaneous speech. Prosodic prominence involves two different prosodic features, pitch accent and stress, that are typically based on four acoustic parameters: fundamental frequency (F0) movements, overall syllable energy, syllable nuclei duration and mid-tohigh-frequency emphasis. A careful measurement of these acoustic parameters makes it possible to build an automatic system capable of identifying prominent syllables in utterances with performance comparable with the inter-human agreement reported in the literature even when tested on spontaneous speech.
Choice of Agreement Statistics : A Discussion of the Underlying Biostatistics , With Heuristic Examples From the Vineland TM – 3

This report discusses ■ ■ the difference between correlation and agreement; ■ ■ the rationale underlying the application of an appropriate model of the intra-class correlation coefficient; ■ ■ the arguments underlying the application of Cohen’s d and r statistics as measures of effect sizes (ES), in the context of defining levels of clinical or practical significance, as compared to statistical significance (e.g., Borenstein, 1998; Cicchetti, 2008; Cohen, 1988); and ■ ■ DOMENIC, a novel statistic developed by the author that can be utilized to help resolve challenging classification problems. TM
Mouse model phenotypes provide information about human drug targets

Motivation: Methods for computational drug target identification use information from diverse information sources to predict or prioritize drug targets for known drugs. One set of resources that has been relatively neglected for drug repurposing is animal model phenotype. Results: We investigate the use of mouse model phenotypes for drug target identification. To achieve this goal, we first integrate mouse model phenotypes and drug effects, and then systematically compare the phenotypic similarity between mouse models and drug effect profiles. We find a high similarity between phenotypes resulting from loss-of-function mutations and drug effects resulting from the inhibition of a protein through a drug action, and demonstrate how this approach can be used to suggest candidate drug targets. Availability and implementation: Analysis code and supplementary data files are available on the project Web site at https://drugeffects.googlecode. com. Contact: leechuck@leechuck.de or roh25@aber.ac. uk Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Development of LDA Topic Association Systems Based on Spark-Hadoop Framework

Social data such as users’ comments are unstructured in nature and up-to-date technologies for analyzing such data are constrained by the available storage space and processing time when fast storing and processing is required. On the other hand, it is even difficult in using a huge amount of dynamically generated social data to analyze the user features in a high speed. To solve this problem, we design and implement a topic association analysis system based on the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model. The LDA does not require the training process and thus can analyze the social users’ hourly interests on different topics in an easy way. The proposed system is constructed based on the Spark framework that is located on top of Hadoop cluster. It is advantageous of high-speed processing owing to that minimized access to hard disk is required and all the intermediately generated data are processed in the main memory. In the performance evaluation, it requires about 5 hours to analyze the topics for about 1 TB test social data (SNS comments). Moreover, through analyzing the association among topics, we can track the hourly change of social users’ interests on different topics.
Water Stress Projections for the Northeastern and Midwestern United States in 2060: Anthropogenic and Ecological Consequences

Future climate and land‐use changes and growing human populations may reduce the abundance of water resources relative to anthropogenic and ecological needs in the Northeast and Midwest (U.S.). We used output from WaSSI, a water accounting model, to assess potential changes between 2010 and 2060 in (1) anthropogenic water stress for watersheds throughout the Northeast and Midwest and (2) native fish species richness (i.e., number of species) for the Upper Mississippi water resource region (UMWRR). Six alternative scenarios of climate change, land‐use change, and human population growth indicated future water supplies will, on average across the region, be adequate to meet anthropogenic demands. Nevertheless, the number of individual watersheds experiencing severe stress (demand > supplies) was projected to increase for most scenarios, and some watersheds were projected to experience severe stress under multiple scenarios. Similarly, we projected declines in fish species richness for UMWRR watersheds and found the number of watersheds with projected declines and the average magnitude of declines varied across scenarios. All watersheds in the UMWRR were projected to experience declines in richness for at least two future scenarios. Many watersheds projected to experience declines in fish species richness were not projected to experience severe anthropogenic water stress, emphasizing the need for multidimensional impact assessments of changing water resources.
Bagging Statistical Network Inference from Large-Scale Gene Expression Data

Modern biology and medicine aim at hunting molecular and cellular causes of biological functions and diseases. Gene regulatory networks (GRN) inferred from gene expression data are considered an important aid for this research by providing a map of molecular interactions. Hence, GRNs have the potential enabling and enhancing basic as well as applied research in the life sciences. In this paper, we introduce a new method called BC3NET for inferring causal gene regulatory networks from large-scale gene expression data. BC3NET is an ensemble method that is based on bagging the C3NET algorithm, which means it corresponds to a Bayesian approach with noninformative priors. In this study we demonstrate for a variety of simulated and biological gene expression data from S. cerevisiae that BC3NET is an important enhancement over other inference methods that is capable of capturing biochemical interactions from transcription regulation and protein-protein interaction sensibly. An implementation of BC3NET is freely available as an R package from the CRAN repository.
Some Lower and Upper Bounds for Tree Edit Distance

In this report I describe my results on the Tree Edit Distance problem [13, 27]. The edit distance between two ordered rooted trees with vertex labels is the minimum cost of transforming one tree into the other by a sequence of elementary operations consisting of deleting and relabeling existing nodes, as well as inserting new nodes. Tree Edit Distance has applications in many fields such as computer vision, computational biology and compiler optimization. I describe an algorithm that computes the edit distance between two trees of sizes n and m, where m < n, and runs in O(nm(1+log n m )) = O(n) time and O(nm) space. The previously best known algorithm for this problem, which is due to Philip Klein [22], runs in O(mn log n) = O(n log n) time and O(mn) space. Next, a matching lower bound is proved for the family of decomposition strategy algorithms, which includes the previous fastest algorithms for this problem. The best previously known lower bound for this family was Ω(n log n). Finally, I describe recent results on the Longest Common Subtree problem. This is an interesting special case of Tree Edit Distance in which only insertions and deletions are considered (i.e., the cost of all relabeling operations is infinite, and the cost of any insertion or deletion is 1). I describe a few algorithms for this problem, the fastest of which runs in O(Lr log r log log m), where L is the size of the LCS (L ≤ m) and r is the number of pairs of vertices with matching labels, one from each tree (r ≤ nm). These algorithms combine techniques from sparse string LCS (Longest Common Subsequence), with Tree Edit Distance algorithms. The tree edit distance paper [13] is a joint work with Erik Demaine, Benjamin Rossman and Oren Weimann. The longest common subtree paper [27] is a joint work with Dekel Tsur, Oren Weimann and Michal Ziv-Ukelson.
ICG pulse spectrophotometry for perioperative liver function in hepatectomy.

BACKGROUND The indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test has been used to estimate liver functional reserve before hepatectomy. However, changes in ICG clearance after hepatectomy have not been investigated, and their extent remains unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS The ICG(K) value, signifying the ICG elimination rate constant, was measured with pulse-dye densitometry before operation and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days postoperatively in 22 patients who underwent liver resection of various extent. CT volumetry was used to calculate the residual liver volume ratio. The relationship between the pre- and postoperative ICG(K) value and the residual liver volume ratio was examined statistically. RESULTS There was a significant drop in ICG(K) value, from 0.193 +/- 0.011 before operation to 0.160 +/- 0.013 on Postoperative Day 1, and then it remained significantly low at the postoperative examination times. The residual liver volume ratio was 70.2 +/- 5.4%. The estimated ICG(K) value, calculated by the preoperative ICG(K) value and the residual liver volume ratio, showed a significant correlation with the actual postoperative value (r = 0.859 on Postoperative Day 1, P < 0.0001). In five patients with prolonged jaundice, the estimated ICG(K) value was significantly lower than in those without it (0.077 +/- 0.028 versus 0.153 +/- 0.012, P = 0.0136). CONCLUSIONS The perioperative ICG(K) value measured by pulse-dye densitometry revealed a significant decrease in ICG(K) after operation depending on the reduction in liver volume, and the estimated ICG(K) based on the residual liver volume was useful in predicting postoperative morbidity.
A pr 2 01 9 BIQUADRATIC ADDITION LAWS ON ELLIPTIC CURVES IN P 3 AND THE CANONICAL MAP OF THE

Abstract. We recall that a smooth ample surface S in a general (1, 2, 2)-polarized abelian threefold, which is the pullback of the Theta divisor of a smooth plane quartic curve D, is a surface isogenous to the product C × C, where C is a genus 9 curve embedded in P as complete intersection of a smooth quadric and a smooth quartic. We show that the space of global holomorhic sections of the canonical bundle of this surface is generated by certain determinantal bihomogeneous polynomials of bidegree (2, 2) on P, which can be used to define biquadratic addition laws on the Jacobi model of elliptic curves, embedded in P as complete intersection of two quadrics. Finally, we use this interesting relationship with the biquadratic addition laws to describe the behavior of the canonical map of S.
Tech Note: Digital Foam

This paper presents a new input device called digital foam designed to support natural sculpting operations similar to those used when sculpting clay. We have constructed two prototypes to test the concept of using a conductive foam input device to create 3D geometries and perform sculpting operations. The novel contributions of this paper include the realization that conductive foam sensors are accurate enough to allow fine grained control of position sensing and can be used to build foam based input devices. We have designed a novel foam sensor array by combining both conductive and non-conductive foam to allow interference free sensor readings to be recorded. We also constructed two novel input devices, one flat input device with one hundred sensors, and a second spherical design with twenty one sensors, both allowing user interactions by touching or squeezing the foam surface. We present the design idea, foam sensor theory, two prototype designs, and the initial application ideas used to explore the possible uses of digital foam.