Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GRB 080503 LATE AFTERGLOW RE-BRIGHTENING: SIGNATURE OF A MAGNETAR-POWERED MERGER-NOVA

GRB 080503 is a short gamma-ray burst (GRB) detected by Swift and has been classified as a GRB originating from a compact star merger. The soft extended emission and the simultaneous late re-brightening in both the X-ray and optical afterglow light curves raise interesting questions regarding its physical origin. We show that the broadband data of GRB 080503 can be well explained within the framework of the double neutron star merger model, provided that the merger remnant is a rapidly rotating massive neutron star with an extremely high magnetic field (i.e., a millisecond magnetar). We show that the late optical re-brightening is consistent with the emission from a magnetar-powered “merger-nova. ” This adds one more case to the growing sample of merger-novae associated with short GRBs. The soft extended emission and the late X-ray excess emission are well connected through a magnetar dipole spin-down luminosity evolution function, suggesting that direct magnetic dissipation is the mechanism to produce these X-rays. The X-ray emission initially leaks from a hole in the merger ejecta pierced by the short GRB jet. The hole subsequently closes after the magnetar spins down and the magnetic pressure drops below ram pressure. The X-ray photons are then trapped behind the merger-nova ejecta until the ejecta becomes optically thin at a later time. This explains the essentially simultaneous re-brightening in both the optical and X-ray light curves. Within this model, future gravitational-wave sources could be associated with a bright X-ray counterpart along with the merger-nova, even if the short GRB jet beams away from Earth.
N-Polar GaN/AlN MIS-HEMT With $f_{\rm MAX}$  of 204 GHz for Ka-Band Applications

In this letter, we demonstrate the state-of-the-art small-signal performance from N-polar GaN-based metal insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors by using a double-gate-recess technology. The device consists of an AIN/GaN superlattice as a back barrier to reduce alloy scattering. "Funnel" contacts are employed to achieve a low ohmic con tact resistance of 0.12 Ω · mm. Peak fT and fMAX of 82 and 197 GHz, respectively, were obtained for LG = 112 nm, and that of 95 and 204 GHz, respectively, were obtained for LG = 75 nm. Large signal measurements for LG = 112 nm resulted in an excellent linear transducer power gain of 12 dB at 30 GHz. The merits and the challenges of the technology toward high output power Pout and power-added efficiency have been also discussed.
Conferences and convention centres' accessibility to people with disabilities.

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this manuscript are to create awareness of problems of accessibility at meetings and conferences for people with disabilities, and to provide a checklist for organizers of conferences to make the event more accessible to people with disabilities. METHODS We conducted a search of the grey literature for conference centres and venues that had recommendations for making the event more accessible. The types of disability included in this manuscript are those as a consequence of visual, hearing and mobility impairments. RESULTS We provide a checklist to make meetings accessible to people with disabilities. The checklist is divided into sections related to event planning, venue accessibility, venue staff, invitations/registrations, greeting people with a disability, actions during the event, and suggestions for effective presenters. CONCLUSIONS The checklist can be used by prospective organizers of conferences to plan an event and to ensure inclusion and participation of people with disabilities.
Preconcentration and separation of trace roxithromycin by [Bmim]BF4 - Na2CO3 Aqueous two-phase flotation system

Combining solvent sublation with ionic liquid aqueous two-phase extraction (ILATPE), ionic liquid aqueous two-phase flotation (ILATPF) was proposed for preconcentration and separation of antibiotics in environment. The new technique was applied to preconcentrate and separate trace roxithromycin (ROX) in the environment using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4) ionic liquid as a green sublation solvent prior to molecular fluorescence spectrometry determination. Several factors affecting the extraction efficiency containing pH, conditions for phase separation, sublation time and gas flow rate were investigated and discussed in detail. The determination of ROX from practical samples offered satisfying extraction efficiency under the optimal conditions. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.04 μg mL-1 and the relative standard deviation of 0.4 μg mL-1 ROX for 10 parallel determinations was lower than 0.77%. The concentration multiple of this method was 22.25 which was much larger than that of ILATPE.
Resolving the Negative Potential Side (n-side) Water-accessible Proton Pathway of F-type ATP Synthase by Molecular Dynamics Simulations*

Background: ATP synthase converts a transmembrane gradient of protons or Na+ into chemical energy. Results: Molecular dynamics simulations mapped a water half-channel as part of the proton path. Conclusion: The half-channel is inclined against the sense of rotation of the c-ring, minimizing futile proton flow. Significance: The geometry of the proton path is crucial in understanding the energy coupling of ATP synthase. The rotation of F1Fo-ATP synthase is powered by the proton motive force across the energy-transducing membrane. The protein complex functions like a turbine; the proton flow drives the rotation of the c-ring of the transmembrane Fo domain, which is coupled to the ATP-producing F1 domain. The hairpin-structured c-protomers transport the protons by reversible protonation/deprotonation of a conserved Asp/Glu at the outer transmembrane helix (TMH). An open question is the proton transfer pathway through the membrane at atomic resolution. The protons are thought to be transferred via two half-channels to and from the conserved cAsp/Glu in the middle of the membrane. By molecular dynamics simulations of c-ring structures in a lipid bilayer, we mapped a water channel as one of the half-channels. We also analyzed the suppressor mutant cP24D/E61G in which the functional carboxylate is shifted to the inner TMH of the c-protomers. Current models concentrating on the “locked” and “open” conformations of the conserved carboxylate side chain are unable to explain the molecular function of this mutant. Our molecular dynamics simulations revealed an extended water channel with additional water molecules bridging the distance of the outer to the inner TMH. We suggest that the geometry of the water channel is an important feature for the molecular function of the membrane part of F1Fo-ATP synthase. The inclination of the proton pathway isolates the two half-channels and may contribute to a favorable clockwise rotation in ATP synthesis mode.
Hotelling Models: A General Equilibrium Approach

Economic models wherein consumers are spatially separated from production and distribution outlets have captivated the attention of economists at least since the seminal work of Harold Hotelling [8]. Under standard assumptions of uniformity, there exist apparent tradeoffs between such variables as firm size, number of firms, and distance between firms, which must be resolved if the economy is to perform efficiently. That is, as the number of firms increase, the average transport distance decreases and transport costs must be balanced with scale effects in production. When analyzed in the context of standard models of market structure, allocative problems associated with monopolistic competition and conjectural variation seem to preclude an efficient competitive equilibrium. This general conclusion may be drawn from models developed by Smithies [11], Losch [9], Greenhut and Ohta [4], Benson [1], and Ohta [10]. The specific features and conclusions of these works have been well summarized by Capozza and Van Order [2] and by Villegas [12]. Although these models differ with regard to behavioral assumptions attributed to individual firms, the imperfectly competitive equilibria are invariably characterized by prices in excess of marginal cost, welfare losses, and excess capacity. For reasons discussed below, partial equilibrium analysis cannot adequately address this problem because land markets are fundamental to the functioning of a spatial economy. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reexamine the functioning of a "Hotelling" type spatial economy in the context of a general equilibrium model which addresses the interactive effects of a product market, a land market, and a factor market. The model includes a more general form of the firm's production function, as well as a general representation of transport costs. The major conclusions of the paper are: (1) the optimality conditions reveal that a two-part pricing structure must prevail if a decentralized economy is to allocate its resources efficiently; (2) a market equilibrium, that appears to be "monopolistically competitive" but is actually purely competitive, is consistent with Pareto optimality, even though firms have some control over prices and operate under increasing returns to scale in production.
Time course of large ribosomal subunit assembly in E. coli cells overexpressing a helicase inactive DbpA protein

DbpA is a DEAD-box RNA helicase implicated in Escherichia coli large ribosomal subunit assembly. Previous studies have shown that when the ATPase and helicase inactive DbpA construct, R331A, is expressed in E. coli cells, a large ribosomal subunit intermediate accumulates. The large subunit intermediate migrates as a 45S particle in a sucrose gradient. Here, using a number of structural and fluorescent assays, we investigate the ribosome profiles of cells lacking wild-type DbpA and overexpressing the R331A DbpA construct. Our data show that in addition to the 45S particle previously described, 27S and 35S particles are also present in the ribosome profiles of cells overexpressing R331A DbpA. The 27S, 35S, and 45S independently convert to the 50S subunit, suggesting that ribosome assembly in the presence of R331A and the absence of wild-type DbpA occurs via multiple pathways.
Separating two components of body image in anorexia nervosa using fMRI

Background Body image distortion is a key symptom of anorexia nervosa. In behavioral research two components of body image have been defined: attitudes towards the body and body size experience. Neuroimaging studies concerning own body image distortions in anorexia nervosa have revealed an inconsistent pattern of results and are constrained by the fact that no direct distinction between the different parts of body image has been made. Method The present study therefore set out to investigate the neural correlates of two parts of the own body image using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): satisfaction rating and size estimation for distorted own body photographs in patients with anorexia nervosa and controls. Results Anorectic patients were less satisfied with their current body shape than controls. Patients further demonstrated stronger activation of the insula and lateral prefrontal cortex during the satisfaction rating of thin self-images. This indicates a stronger emotional involvement when patients are presented with distorted images close to their own ideal body size. Patients also overestimated their own body size. We were able to show complex differential modulations in activation of the precuneus during body size estimation in control and anorectic subjects. It could be speculated that a deficit in the retrieval of a multimodal coded body schema in precuneus/posterior parietal cortex is related to body size overestimation. Conclusions We were able to find specific behavioral responses and neural activation patterns for two parts of body image in anorexia nervosa and healthy controls. Thus, the present results underline the importance of developing research and therapeutic strategies that target the two different aspects of body image separately.
The Relationship Between Internalized Homophobia and Intimate Partner Violence in Same-Sex Relationships: A Meta-Analysis

A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between internalized homophobia and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization in same-sex relationships. The literature search and the application of the inclusion criteria made it possible to identify 10 studies, 2 of which were excluded due to missing data. Therefore, eight studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. The results showed positive and statistically significant associations between internalized homophobia and IPV perpetration and victimization, indicating that higher levels of internalized homophobia were related to higher levels of IPV. Specifically, the pooled effect size for the relationship between internalized homophobia and IPV perpetration (all forms), it was r + = . 147, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [. 079, . 214]; for the association between internalized homophobia and physical/sexual IPV perpetration, it was r + = . 166, 95% CI [. 109, . 221]; p < . 0001; for the relationship between internalized homophobia and psychological IPV perpetration, it was r + = . 145, 95% CI [. 073, . 216]; and for the association between internalized homophobia and any type of IPV victimization, it was r + = . 102, 95% CI [. 030, . 173]. Implications of these results for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
Structural and functional analysis of the MAL1 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We describe the isolation of a 22.6-kilobase fragment of DNA containing the MAL1 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our results demonstrate that the MAL1 locus, like the MAL6 locus, is a complex locus containing three genes. These genes were organized similarly to their MAL6 counterparts. We refer to them as MAL11, MAL12, and MAL13 and show that they are functionally homologous to the MAL61 (encoding maltose permease), MAL62 (encoding maltase), and MAL63 (encoding the positive regulator) genes of the MAL6 locus. Transcription from each of the three genes was analyzed in a strain carrying the undisrupted MAL1 locus and in strains carrying single disruptions in each of the MAL1 genes. The MAL1 and MAL1 loci were found to be highly sequence homologous and conserved throughout the region containing these three genes. The strain used to isolate the MAL1 locus also carried the tightly linked SUC1 gene. The SUC1 gene was found to be located on the same 22.6-kilobase fragment containing the MAL1 locus and 5 kilobases from the 3' end of the MAL12 gene. The meaning of these results with regard to the mechanism of regulation of maltose fermentation is discussed.
Expanding the Capacity to Learn: A new end for education?

Expanding the capacity to learn Professor Guy Claxton The paper was given as the keynote speech by Professor Guy Claxton to the British Educational Research Association conference in September 2006. It offers a swift overview of why young people need to experience a deeper approach to learning in preparation for an increasingly complex life in the 21st Century. Note especially the section entitled ‘So how might we do it? ’, exploring and explaining the extent of educational change. It offers a sense of the scope of the issues and how they might be addressed. Reflect • What does this mean for my school, my subject, my teaching? • Would this be worth the effort for our students? • Which aspects of this paper really ‘spoke’ to me? • What needs to happen now.as a result of this new thinking
Human Resources Management Challenges: Learning \& Development

In the last decade, the concept of diversity management has become popular in literature and business practice. Nevertheless, the issue of employee diversity is not a novelty, it originates back in the 60s, when the matter of gender equity emerged. Since the 80s, there has been generated quite a heated debate on diversity management, mainly in the USA. Today diversity management has caught considerable attention also in Europe, which mainly results from extensive change in the business environment. The aging society, the emergence of new generations of workers, the influx of immigrants, or the internationalization of business activities necessitate the search for new hr models and management practices, which will promote better utilization of the employee potential. Drawing on diverse human resources could become an opportunity in this context.
Automatic Keyword Extraction from Dravidian Language

Keywords are significant words in a document that gives description of its content to the reader. They provide the summary of a document. Now a days the amount of electronic text increases rapidly in all the languages. So the text mining applications take the advantage of keywords for processing documents. There are few proposed methods for keyword extraction. But not much work has been done in keyword extraction for Indian languages. With exponential increase in the information in Indian languages on the web, automatic information processing and retrieval become an urgent need. Text Mining is essential for knowledge discovery from valuable texts available in many Indian languages. This paper introduces a method, which extracts the keywords from Dravidian languages of India like Tamil, Telugu, and Kannada. We made an attempt to extract the keywords by using words statistics of a document
Reinforcing Ethical Behavior through Organizational Architecture: A Hypothesized Relationship

Globalization has created new ways of doing business, new institutions to oversee them, and has introduced a spectrum of new protagonists to the international arena. Scholars and practitioners have been challenged by the evolving environment to find new ways to interact and, in the process, many of the traditional boundaries that have existed within and between organizations and institutions have become increasingly blurred. This unique compendium sheds light on these and other topics on the question of change, both within and between organizations and institutions. The contributors have expertly combined the insights of some of the biggest names in the fields of economics, business and strategic management, both present and future – and in doing so offer scholars a tailor-made, up-to-date study on the topic of economic change.
Recursive Calculation of the Dividend Moments in a Multi-threshold Risk Model

Abstract In this article, we consider the class of risk models with Markovian claim arrivals studied by Badescu et al. (2005) and Ramaswami (2006), among others. Under a multi-threshold dividend structure, we develop a recursive algorithm for the calculation of the moments of the discounted dividend payments before ruin. Capitalizing on the connection between an insurer’s surplus process and its corresponding fluid flow process, our approach generalizes results obtained by Albrecher and Hartinger (2007) and Zhou (2006) in the framework of the classical compound Poisson risk model (with phase-type claim sizes). Contrary to the traditional analysis of the discounted dividend payments in risk theory, we develop a sample-path-analysis procedure that allows the determination of these moments with or without ruin occurrence (separately). Numerical examples are then considered to illustrate our main results and show the contribution of each component to the moments of the discounted dividend payments.
Methods Literature search strategy and data extraction A comprehensive search of the scientific literature

Background: The nature of the association between ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone produced mainly in the stomach, and Helicobacter pylori (H pylori), a bacterium that colonises the stomach, is still controversial. We examined available evidence to determine whether an association exists between the two; and if one exists, in what direction. Methods: We reviewed original English language studies on humans reporting circulating ghrelin levels in H pylori infected and un-infected participants; and circulating ghrelin levels before and after H pylori eradication. Metaanalyses were conducted for eligible studies by combining study specific estimates using the inverse variance method with weighted average for continuous outcomes in a random effects model. Results: Seventeen out of 27 papers that reported ghrelin levels in H pylori positive and negative subjects found lower circulating ghrelin levels in H pylori positive subjects; while 10 found no difference. A meta-analysis of 19 studies with a total of 1801 participants showed a significantly higher circulating ghrelin concentration in H pylori negative participants than in H pylori positive participants (Effect estimate (95%CI) = -0.48 (-0.60, -0.36)). However, eradicating H pylori did not have any significant effect on circulating ghrelin levels (Effect estimate (95% CI) = 0.08 (-0.33, 0.16); Test for overall effect: Z = 0.67 (P = 0.5)). Conclusions: We conclude that circulating ghrelin levels are lower in H pylori infected people compared to those not infected; but the relationship between circulating ghrelin and eradication of H pylori is more complex.
American Thoracic Society Documents An Official American Thoracic Society / European Respiratory Society Statement : Key Concepts and Advances in Pulmonary Rehabilitation Executive Summary

Martijn A. Spruit, Sally J. Singh, Chris Garvey, Richard ZuWallack, Linda Nici, Carolyn Rochester, Kylie Hill, Anne E. Holland, Suzanne C. Lareau, William D. -C. Man, Fabio Pitta, Louise Sewell, Jonathan Raskin, Jean Bourbeau, Rebecca Crouch, Frits M. E. Franssen, Richard Casaburi, Jan H. Vercoulen, Ioannis Vogiatzis, Rik Gosselink, Enrico M. Clini, Tanja W. Effing, François Maltais, Job van der Palen, Thierry Troosters, Daisy J. A. Janssen, Eileen Collins, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Dina Brooks, Bonnie F. Fahy, Milo A. Puhan, Martine Hoogendoorn, Rachel Garrod, Annemie M.W. J. Schols, Brian Carlin, Roberto Benzo, PaulaMeek, MikeMorgan, Maureen P. M. H. Ruttenvan Mölken, Andrew L. Ries, Barry Make, Roger S. Goldstein, Claire A. Dowson, Jan L. Brozek, Claudio F. Donner, and Emiel F. M. Wouters; on behalf of the ATS/ERS Task Force on Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Low mannose-binding lectin levels and MBL2 gene polymorphisms associate with Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies

Objective: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) has been shown to inhibit infection of host cells by Chlamydia pneumoniae in vitro. We studied if MBL levels and MBL2 polymorphisms associate with the presence of C. pneumoniae antibodies in vivo. Materials and Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MBL2 gene (promoter alleles H/L, X/Y and P/Q; and exon 1 variant alleles B, C and D and wild-type allele A) were genotyped and serum MBL concentrations and C. pneumoniae IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies were analysed in 889 Finnish military recruits. Results: An MBL level below the median concentration and the MBL2 P/P genotype were significant risk factors of IgG or IgA seroconversions or the presence of IgM antibodies during military service (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1—2.1 and OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0—2.2, respectively). In addition, the promoter Y/Y (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1—2.3) and exon 1 variant allele genotypes (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0—2.0) were possibly associated with elevated antibodies. Conclusions: These results suggest, for the first time, that low serum MBL levels and MBL2 polymorphisms may associate with elevated C. pneumoniae antibodies and seroconversions and thus support the previous findings in vitro.