Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Target Classification , Recognition and Identification with HF Radar

Radars operating in the HF band achieve extremely long range detection by exploiting propagation modes which preclude many of the standard target classification techniques, at least in their conventional form. Yet, in order to take full advantage of an over-the-horizon detection capability, reliable target classification, recognition and identification is essential. This paper explores the options for target classification at HF, reviews some of the results which have been achieved, mainly but not exclusively with reference to skywave radars, and assesses the prospects for operational target classification, recognition and identification.
Trainee Teachers’ Learning about Collective Worship in Primary Schools

This article gives an account of a qualitative research project which investigated acts of collective worship (hereafter CW) in primary schools through non-participant observations undertaken by second year trainee teachers during one of their placements. The data were gathered from a range of schools across the West Midlands. The findings illustrate structural elements which show a lack of uniformity in terms of the venue and time. Religious leaders, classroom assistants and staff at all levels of responsibility deliver assemblies and CW. The focus of the content is diverse and includes religious and ‘secular’ material and events. Trainees learnt about the organisation, purpose, content and the involvement of children. Based on the findings, it is proposed that observations of acts of CW should be considered as part of their professional learning during their training.
Method for GPS and GNSS Independent MLAT System Synchronization

Soon our National Airspace will be flooded with flying unmanned aerial systems (UAS) from fixed wing drones to large aircraft. Multilateration (MLAT) is a method of determining the accurate position of aircraft by measuring the time-of-arrival of radio signals from those targets at multiple, static, ground-based sensors. It relies on those targets having an on-board transmitter (the transponder) which can generate its own radio signals and reply to interrogations from a ground station. MLAT offers many advantages over secondary surveillance radar (SSR) and – in many cases – can be used as an effective alternative to SSR. Advantages include compact, low-power equipment that can be installed easily on existing structures such as rooftops or cell towers, ability to expand coverage by just adding additional ground stations, and the ability to operate passively on signals not generated by its own interrogations, providing higher detection rates and accuracy.
Biotic Resistance to an Alien Amphibian: Larval Competition between Japanese Frogs and Invasive Cane Toads

Understanding negative effects of native species on introduced taxa may suggest novel ways to control the invasive species by enhancing such effects. Previous studies have reported that the larvae of invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) are suppressed by competition with the larvae of native anurans in Australia, but not in North America. We conducted laboratory trials to measure the effect of exposure to the larvae of Japanese frogs (Microhyla ornata, Fejervarya sakishimensis, Rhacophorus owstoni) on rates of survival, growth and development of cane toad tadpoles in Ishigaki Island, in southern Japan. Survival rates were not affected by native species, but competition with Dicroglossids and Rhacophorids (but not Microhylids) strongly reduced rates of growth and development in the tadpoles of cane toads. Dicroglossid tadpoles also reduced the body condition to toad tadpoles in addition to effects on SVL and mass. Encouraging populations of native frogs in toad-invaded areas of Japan thus may help to reduce the numbers of invasive cane toads.
Automatic V - I Alignment for Switching Characterization of Wide Band Gap Power Devices

The propagation delay of probes leads to a significant error in the switching characterization of wide band gap power devices. Alignment of voltage and current ($V-I$) has become essential for the accurate measurement of switching losses. The conventional alignment methods are normally based on the calibration fixture or modification of test circuit, which are inaccurate or time-consuming. This work proposes an automatic, accurate, post-processing alignment strategy, which can be easily implemented in data processing software such as Matlab. Based on the theoretical switching characteristics, the $V-I$ alignment is conducted and also verified by a double pulse test experiment.
Secure Cooperative Source-Coding With Side Information at the Eavesdropper

In the secure cooperative source-coding problem that we consider, Encoder 1 and Decoder 1 observe, respectively, a pair of independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) correlated sources and wish to communicate the first source to Decoder 2 subject to a distortion constraint. Encoder 1 sends a message to both the decoders over a public nonsecure channel, and then Decoder 1-the helper-sends a message just to Decoder 2 over a secure channel. An eavesdropper, which has access to memoryless side-information that is correlated with the first source, intercepts the message sent by Encoder 1 and based on both wishes to minimize its uncertainty about the first source. The secrecy measure of the system is the equivocation of the first source at the eavesdropper. We determine the rates equivocation region for this problem assuming that conditioned on the side-information of Decoder 1 the eavesdropper's side-information is independent of the first source. To that end, we derive an inner and an outer bound that depend explicitly on the proportional rate that Encoder 1 spends in the cooperation process. Subsequently, we evaluate this region for the case of a doubly symmetric binary source and Hamming distortion.
Sketching the Contours of State Authenticity

We outline a program of research in which we examined state authenticity, the sense of being one’s true self. In particular, we describe its phenomenology (what it feels like to be experience authenticity), its correlates (e.g., emotions, needs), its nomological network (e.g., real-ideal self overlap, public and private self-consciousness), its cultural parameters (Easter and Western culture), its precursors or determinants (congruency, positivity, and hedonism), and its psychological health implications. We conclude by arguing that state authenticity deserves its own conceptual status, distinct from trait authenticity, and by setting an agenda for future research.
Time‐dependent inversion of three‐component continuous GPS for steady and transient sources in northern Cascadia

An approach to invert GPS time series to estimate crustal block rotations, fault locking and strain rates while simultaneously solving for transient slow slip events is described and applied to the northern Cascadia subduction zone. The method can use continuous or survey mode GPS time series or both. I invert 5.6 years of 3‐component continuous GPS time series at 53 sites from Cascadia to estimate simultaneously the block motions and strains, locking on the subduction zone and source parameters of the four most recent slow‐slip events. Over the time period and section of the Cascadia margin sampled, the strain released in slow slip was 7 to 10% of the accumulated subduction strain but at the base of and immediately downdip of the locked zone beneath the Olympic Peninsula.
RBCRP: A Routing Approach Based on Crowded Rendezvous Points in Delay Tolerant Networks

Recently Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) have been a successful paradigm especially for the network environments where the nodes are characterized by opportunistic connectivity. These networks are used in the environments where suffer from the lack of infrastructure. Finding the best routing strategy in order to forwarding the bundles have been a challenging issue in DTNs . In this paper we propose a new DTN routing algorithm called Routing Based on Crowded Rendezvous Points (RBCRP). The proposed algorithm, at first divides the network into different regions, and then associates an extra node named rendezvous point (RP) as crowded place for each region. Each source node upon sending a bundle to a given destination, checks the PRs of the contingent areas in order to deliver the bundle to the destination. If this check fails, the bundle will be sent to the PRs of all areas. Using PRs in this way will results in reducing the network overhead due to controlling the number of distributed messages. In addition, using the proposed approach, the nodes of the network will not require large quantities of memory for data buffering. Simulation results show that RBCRP algorithm significantly improves packet delivery rate and also reduces the overhead of the system.
Harvesting Knowledge from Web Data and Text Tutorial Proposal for CIKM 2010 (1/2 Day)

1 Overview and Motivation (to be used as abstract) The Web bears the potential of being the world’s greatest enc yclopedic source, but we are far from fully exploiting this potential. Valuable scientific and cultural c ontent is interspersed with a huge amount of noisy, lowquality, unstructured text and media. The proliferation of knowledge-sharing communities like Wikipedia and the advances in automated information extraction from Web pages give rise to an unprecedented opportunity: Can we systematically harvest facts from the Web and compile them into a comprehensive machine-readable knowledge base? Such a knowledge base would contain not only the world’s enti ties, but also their semantic properties, and their relationships with each other. Imagi ne a “Structured Wikipedia” that has the same scale and richness as Wikipedia itself, but offers a precise and co ncise representation of knowledge, e.g., in the RDF format. This would enable expressive and highly precise querying, e.g., in the SPARQL language (or appropriate extensions), with additional capabilities fo r informative ranking of query results. The benefits from solving the above challenge would be enormo us. Potential applications include 1) a formalized machine-readable encyclopediathat can be queried with high precision like a semantic database; 2) a key asset for disambiguating entities by supporting fast and accurate mappings of textual phrases onto named entities in the knowledge base;
Competition between protein folding and aggregation: A three-dimensional lattice-model simulation

Aggregation of protein molecules resulting in the loss of biological activity and the formation of insoluble deposits represents a serious problem for the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries and in medicine. Considerable experimental and theoretical efforts are being made in order to improve our understanding of, and ability to control, the process. In the present work, we describe a Monte Carlo study of a multichain system of coarse-grained model proteins akin to lattice models developed for simulations of protein folding. The model is designed to examine the competition between intramolecular interactions leading to the native protein structure, and intermolecular association, resulting in the formation of aggregates of misfolded chains. Interactions between the segments are described by a variation of the Go potential [N. Go and H. Abe, Biopolymers 20, 1013 (1981)] that extends the recognition between attracting types of segments to pairs on distinct chains. For the particular model we adopt, t.
Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS)

Background: Routine Outcome monitoring has become a principle element in the transformation of mental health services for children and young people in the UK and promoted by the CYP Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) program. Collecting data on the outcome of therapeutic interventions is a required element of the mental health data set within NHS settings. The Revised Child’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) has been identified as a useful tool based on the normative studies of US populations. There has, however, been no evaluation of RCADS for a UK population. Because of the data available, the current study provides an initial assessment of the validity and reliability of the RCADS in a United Kingdom (UK) clinical sample. Children had been referred to a community mental health and emotional wellbeing service for children and young people presenting with mild to moderate difficulties, in the East of England. Methods: A sample of 1920 CYP (equivalent numbers of boys and girls, aged 7.9 to 18 years), completed the RCADS as part of routine assessment. Parents also completed the RCADS-P for comparison. Tests of normality, internal consistency, factor analysis and correlation were conducted on child and parent raw scores. Results: The current study identified the psychometric properties of RCADS for a UK clinical sample. RCADS showed a simple structure where all six variables loaded highly on the one factor of Separation Anxiety. RCADS showed good internal consistency with positive and highly significant correlations between subscales as well as between child and parents reports. Conclusions: All six subscales were found to be necessary part of RCADS. Indications are that RCADS shows promising clinical utility as a valid and reliable measure for assessing children with Anxiety and Depression in the UK. Future research needs to include a confirmatory factor analysis and assessment of a reliable clinical cut off-score for a UK clinical population.
PADX: Querying Large-scale Ad Hoc Data with XQuery

This paper describes our experience designing and implementing PADX, a system for querying large-scale ad hoc data sources with XQuery. PADX is the synthesis and extension of two existing systems: PADS and Galax. With PADX, an analyst writes a declarative data description of the physical layout of her ad hoc data, and the PADS compiler produces customizable libraries for parsing the data and for viewing it as XML. The resulting library is linked with an XQuery engine, permitting the analyst to view and query her ad hoc data sources using XQuery.
Querying in EL + with Nonmonotonic Rules

A general top-down algorithmization for the WellFounded MKNF Semantics a semantics for combining rules and ontologies was recently defined based on an extension of SLG resolution for Logic Programming with an abstract oracle to the parametric ontology language. Here we provide a concrete oracle with practical usage, namely for EL which is tractable for reasoning tasks like subsumption. We show that the defined oracle remains tractable (wrt. data complexity) so that the combined (query-driven) approach of non-monotonic rules with that oracle is tractable as well.
Web Log Data Preprocessing Based on Collaborative Filtering

The emphases of this study are Web log data preprocessing and collaborative filtering. Aiming at user session identification in the process of data preprocessing and analyzing existing algorithms, this paper established a Web log data preprocessing algorithm based on collaborative filtering. Detailed steps of algorithm and an experimental simulation were carried out. The results of the experiment indicated that the application of collaborative filtering in Web log data preprocessing could provide high-quality data for subsequent log mining. The application is feasible and effective.
Genomic variation and population structure detected by single nucleotide polymorphism arrays in Corriedale, Merino and Creole sheep

The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity within and among three breeds of sheep: Corriedale, Merino and Creole. Sheep from the three breeds (Merino n = 110, Corriedale n = 108 and Creole n = 10) were genotyped using the Illumina Ovine SNP50 beadchip®. Genetic diversity was evaluated by comparing the minor allele frequency (MAF) among breeds. Population structure and genetic differentiation were assessed using STRUCTURE software, principal component analysis (PCA) and fixation index (FST). Fixed markers (MAF = 0) that were different among breeds were identified as specific breed markers. Using a subset of 18,181 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), PCA and STUCTURE analysis were able to explain population stratification within breeds. Merino and Corriedale divergent lines showed high levels of polymorphism (89.4% and 86% of polymorphic SNPs, respectively) and moderate genetic differentiation (FST = 0.08) between them. In contrast, Creole had only 69% polymorphic SNPs and showed greater genetic differentiation from the other two breeds (FST = 0.17 for both breeds). Hence, a subset of molecular markers present in the OvineSNP50 is informative enough for breed assignment and population structure analysis of commercial and Creole breeds.
Innate Sensing of HIV-Infected Cells

Cell-free HIV-1 virions are poor stimulators of type I interferon (IFN) production. We examined here how HIV-infected cells are recognized by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and by other cells. We show that infected lymphocytes are more potent inducers of IFN than virions. There are target cell-type differences in the recognition of infected lymphocytes. In primary pDCs and pDC-like cells, recognition occurs in large part through TLR7, as demonstrated by the use of inhibitors and by TLR7 silencing. Donor cells expressing replication-defective viruses, carrying mutated reverse transcriptase, integrase or nucleocapsid proteins induced IFN production by target cells as potently as wild-type virus. In contrast, Env-deleted or fusion defective HIV-1 mutants were less efficient, suggesting that in addition to TLR7, cytoplasmic cellular sensors may also mediate sensing of infected cells. Furthermore, in a model of TLR7-negative cells, we demonstrate that the IRF3 pathway, through a process requiring access of incoming viral material to the cytoplasm, allows sensing of HIV-infected lymphocytes. Therefore, detection of HIV-infected lymphocytes occurs through both endosomal and cytoplasmic pathways. Characterization of the mechanisms of innate recognition of HIV-infected cells allows a better understanding of the pathogenic and exacerbated immunologic events associated with HIV infection.
Toward feedback stabilization of faulty software systems: a case study

Software systems generally suffer from a certain fragility in the face of "disturbances" such as bugs, unforeseen user input, unmodeled interactions with other software components, and so on. A single such disturbance can make an entire system hang or crash. We postulate that what is required to address this fragility is a general means of using feedback to robustly stabilize these systems. In this paper we develop a model of an iterative software process, specifically a nondeterministic, faulty list sorter. Feedback is introduced into the process to achieve robust stability with respect to incorrect sorting operations. To keep the computational requirements of the controllers low, randomization and approximation are used. Methods by which software robustness can be enhanced by distributing a task between nodes, each of which are capable of selecting the "best" input to process, are also explored. The particular case of a sorting system consisting of a network of partial sorters, some of which may be buggy or even malicious, is examined.
Research on the Model of Legacy Software Reuse Based on Code Clone Detection

The construction of large-scale engineering project usually relies on the development of many new software systems, whereas it would be very expensive and time consuming if these new software systems are completely developed anew. In order to solve the problem, a model of legacy software reuse is proposed in this paper. The model is based on code clone detection. Firstly, code clone in source code of legacy software is detected by means of code clone detection tool. Secondly, abstract syntax trees of the functions which contain code clone are created. Thirdly, the degree of variation between the functions which contain the code clone belongs to the same clone set is calculated according to their abstract syntax trees, and then some functions whose similarities of abstract syntax trees are in the allowed range are combined. Finally, the combined functions and other frequently invoked functions are refactored into new functions or encapsulated into new classes, and all of these functions or classes can be reused as components in the development of new software systems. The test result shows that the reuse method based on this model can shrink the scope for searching the reusable component in legacy software systems, and thus improve the efficiency of legacy software reuse.
Dynamic Regulation of the Kv2.1 Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel during Brain Ischemia through Neuroglial Interaction

The physiological significance of neuroglial interactions in the CNS has been emphasized in neurological conditions such as epilepsy and brain ischemia. The Kv2.1 voltage-gated potassium channel is unique in its ability to form large clusters in the plasma membrane of neuronal cell bodies. We have previously shown that brain ischemia causes rapid dephosphorylation of Kv2.1 subunits and resultant activation of the ion channel function. However, the physiological significance of the channel clustering is unknown. Here we present evidence that clustered Kv2.1 channels in the neuronal plasma membrane are juxtaposed to axosomatic synapses and associated with astrocytic processes expressing high levels of glutamate transporters. In acute cortical slices, ischemic stress rapidly resulted in the dephosphorylation and dispersion of Kv2.1. Selective inhibition of metabolism in astrocytes was sufficient to induce Kv2.1 dephosphorylation in neurons. Interestingly, these effects were blocked by the antagonists of ionotropic glutamate receptors, indicating the involvement of glutamate as the signal mediator between astrocytes and neurons. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 induced the similar Kv2.1 dephosphorylation, whereas exogenous glutamate alone was not efficacious. These results suggest that ischemic stress rapidly causes the dysfunction of glutamate transporters in astrocytes and resultant accumulation of glutamate in the extracellular space. The elevated glutamate may subsequently activate ionotropic glutamate receptors and result in the dephosphorylation of Kv2.1 in neurons. These findings implicate that Kv2.1 clusters are strategically situated at neuroglial junctions to achieve the rapid modulation after ischemic stress via glutamate signaling.
Children's Judgments of Numerical Inequality.

SEKULER, ROBERT, and MIERKIEWICZ, DIANE. Children's Judgments of Numerical Inequality. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1977, 48, 630-633. When adults judge which of 2 digits is numerically larger, their response times decrease linearly with the numerical difference. For children in fourth and seventh grades, the function relating judgment time to numerical difference has the same slope as that of adults. For children in kindergarten and first grade the function is considerably steeper. This may reflect a developmental change in the internal representation of the number series.
SemSon - Connecting Ontologies and Web Applications

The emerge of semantic data on the web puts the development of dynamic web applications to the test. On the one hand, we witness more and more semantic information becoming available on the web. On the other hand, we can see web-based applications evolve from server-side applications to responsive client-side applications running in a web browser. In this paper we present a framework that bridges the gap between semantic data defined in OWL ontologies and client-side web applications implemented in JavaScript.