Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leg vasoconstriction during dynamic exercise with reduced cardiac output.

We evaluated whether a reduction in cardiac output during dynamic exercise results in vasoconstriction of active skeletal muscle vasculature. Nine subjects performed four 8-min bouts of cycling exercise at 71 +/- 12 to 145 +/- 13 W (40-84% maximal oxygen uptake). Exercise was repeated after cardioselective (beta 1) adrenergic blockade (0.2 mg/kg metoprolol iv). Leg blood flow and cardiac output were determined with bolus injections of indocyanine green. Femoral arterial and venous pressures were monitored for measurement of heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and calculation of systemic and leg vascular conductance. Leg norepinephrine spillover was used as an index of regional sympathetic activity. During control, the highest heart rate and cardiac output were 171 +/- 3 beats/min and 18.9 +/- 0.9 l/min, respectively. beta 1-Blockade reduced these values to 147 +/- 6 beats/min and 15.3 +/- 0.9 l/min, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean arterial pressure was lower than control during light exercise with beta 1-blockade but did not differ from control with greater exercise intensities. At the highest work rate in the control condition, leg blood flow and vascular conductance were 5.4 +/- 0.3 l/min and 5.2 +/- 0.3 cl.min-1.mmHg-1, respectively, and were reduced during beta 1-blockade to 4.8 +/- 0.4 l/min (P < 0.01) and 4.6 +/- 0.4 cl.min-1.mmHg-1 (P < 0.05). During the same exercise condition leg norepinephrine spillover increased from a control value of 2.64 +/- 1.16 to 5.62 +/- 2.13 nM/min with beta 1-blockade (P < 0.05). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Experimental Strain Analysis

As was seen in previous modules, stress analysis even of simple-appearing geometries can lead to complicated mathematical maneuvering. Actual articles — engine crankshafts, medical prostheses, tennis rackets, etc. — have boundary shapes that cannot easily be described mathematically, and even if they were it would be extremely difficult to fit solutions of the governing equations to them. One approach to this impasse is the experimental one, in which we seek to construct a physical laboratory model that somehow reveals the stresses in a measurable way. It is the nature of forces and stresses that they cannot be measured directly. It is the effect of a force that is measurable: when we weigh an object on a spring scale, we are actually measuring the stretching of the spring, and then calculating the force from Hooke’s law. Experimental stress analysis, then, is actually experimental strain analysis. The difficulty is that strains in the linear elastic regime are almost always small, on the order of 1% or less, and the art in this field is that of detecting and interpreting small displacements. We look for phenomena that exhibit large and measurable changes due to small and difficult-to-measure displacements. There a number of such techniques, and three of these will be outlined briefly in the sections to follow. A good deal of methodology has been developed around these and other experimental methods, and both further reading1 and laboratory practice would be required to put become competent in this area.
Melburnia: Transforming the transaction

This study explored the relationship between leaders' sex, age, and education level and their preferred leadership style. Data were collected from staff employed in accommodation hotels in Melbourne, Australia. Data from the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire were analysed using MANOVA and ANOVA. The findings suggested that this study is consistent with previous sex-difference research while providing a counterintuitive perspective: males appeared more Transformational. Sex and sex with age were strongly related with the ANOVAs of the MLQ factors. Inspirational Motivation and Contingent Reward were highly valued by both sexes. The findings provide insight into the sex differences related to leadership within the Australian Hospitality Industry. This may assist senior managers when developing human resource strategy and hiring staff. The originality of the study, in terms of being the first in an Australian Hospitality context, means that it will contribute empirical evidence to the body of research, undertaken predominantly in North America, in other industries.
A Scalable Algorithmic Framework for Row-Based Power-Gating

Leakage power is a serious concern in nanometer CMOS technologies. In this paper we focus on leakage reduction through automatic insertion of sleep transistors for power gating in standard cell based designs. In particular, we propose clustering algorithms for row- based power-gating methodology which is based on using rows of the layout as the granularity for clustering. Our clustering methodology does timing and area constraint driven power-gating in contrast to only timing driven power-gating as proposed in the previous works. We present two distinct clustering algorithms with different accuracy-efficiency trade-off. An optimal one, which exploits a 0-1 or binary integer programming approach, and a heuristic one, which resorts to an implicit enumeration of the layout rows. Results show that, for all the benchmarks, the leakage power savings, as compared to previous techniques, are more than 75% when we have the same timing constraints but half sleep transistor area and at least 60% when area constraint is set at one fourth. We also show that we can perform clustering with no speed degradation and achieve maximum leakage power savings up-to 83%.
Auditory mechanotransduction in the absence of functional myosin‐XVa

In hair cells of all vertebrates, a mechanosensory bundle is formed by stereocilia with precisely graded heights. Unconventional myosin‐XVa is critical for formation of this bundle because it transports whirlin and perhaps other molecular components responsible for programmed elongation of stereocilia to the stereocilia tips. A tip of a stereocilium is the site of stereocilia growth and one of the proposed sites of mechano‐electrical transduction. In adult shaker 2 mice, a mutation that disables the motor function of myosin‐XVa results in profound deafness and abnormally short stereocilia that lack stereocilia links, an indispensable component of mechanotransduction machinery. Therefore, it was assumed that myosin‐XVa is required for proper formation of the mechanotransduction apparatus. Here we show that in young postnatal shaker 2 mice, abnormally short stereocilia bundles of auditory hair cells have numerous stereocilia links and ‘wild type’ mechano‐electrical transduction. We compared the mechanotransduction current in auditory hair cells of young normal‐hearing littermates, myosin‐XVa‐deficient shaker 2 mice, and whirler mice that have similarly short stereocilia but intact myosin‐XVa at the stereocilia tips. This comparison revealed that the absence of functional myosin‐XVa does not disrupt adaptation of the mechanotransduction current during sustained bundle deflection. Thus, the hair cell mechanotransduction complex forms and functions independently from myosin‐XVa‐based hair bundle morphogenesis.
Context dependent tree based transforms for phonetic speech recognition

This paper presents a novel method for modeling phonetic context using linear context transforms. Initial investigations have shown the feasibility of synthesising context dependent models from context independent models through weighted interpolation of the peripheral states of a given hidden markov model with its adjacent model. This idea can be further extended, to maximum likelihood estimation of not only single weights, but a matrix of weights or a transform. This paper outlines the application of Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression (MLLR) as a means of modeling context dependency in continuous density Hidden Markov Models (HMM).
A STUDY OF RELATİONSHİP BETWEEN SUBMİSSİVE BEHAVIOURS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND THEIR PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS

In this study, the relationship between submissive behaviours of university students and their psychological symptoms was analysed. The data were obtained from 260 girls ( % 69.7) and 90 boys (%30.2), a total of 350 students; studying at the University of OM? in the 2010-2011 academic year. In the study, personal information forms, submissive behaviour scales and briefs symptom inventories were used. The data were tested by using statistical methods of correlation, t-test with individual groups and analysis of variance. In the study, . 05 is accepted as the significance level. Findings; there is a significant relationship between submissive behaviours of university students and their psychological symptoms. While a significant relation was found between the submissive behaviours of university students and their vocational training programs, no significant relation was found between their academic achievement and their gender and the frequency of visiting their home where their parents live.
Orientia tsutsugamushi ankyrin repeat-containing protein family members are Type 1 secretion system substrates that traffic to the host cell endoplasmic reticulum

Scrub typhus is an understudied, potentially fatal infection that threatens one billion persons in the Asia-Pacific region. How the causative obligate intracellular bacterium, Orientia tsutsugamushi, facilitates its intracellular survival and pathogenesis is poorly understood. Many intracellular bacterial pathogens utilize the Type 1 (T1SS) or Type 4 secretion system (T4SS) to translocate ankyrin repeat-containing proteins (Anks) that traffic to distinct subcellular locations and modulate host cell processes. The O. tsutsugamushi genome encodes one of the largest known bacterial Ank repertoires plus T1SS and T4SS components. Whether these potential virulence factors are expressed during infection, how the Anks are potentially secreted, and to where they localize in the host cell are not known. We determined that O. tsutsugamushi transcriptionally expresses 20 unique ank genes as well as genes for both T1SS and T4SS during infection of mammalian host cells. Examination of the Anks' C-termini revealed that the majority of them resemble T1SS substrates. Escherichia coli expressing a functional T1SS was able to secrete chimeric hemolysin proteins bearing the C-termini of 19 of 20 O. tsutsugamushi Anks in an HlyBD-dependent manner. Thus, O. tsutsugamushi Anks C-termini are T1SS-compatible. Conversely, Coxiella burnetii could not secrete heterologously expressed Anks in a T4SS-dependent manner. Analysis of the subcellular distribution patterns of 20 ectopically expressed Anks revealed that, while 6 remained cytosolic or trafficked to the nucleus, 14 localized to, and in some cases, altered the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum. This study identifies O. tsutsugamushi Anks as T1SS substrates and indicates that many display a tropism for the host cell secretory pathway.
Functional asymmetry in kinesin and dynein dimers

Active transport along the microtubule lattice is a complex process that involves both the Kinesin and Dynein superfamily of motors. Transportation requires sophisticated regulation much of which occurs through the motor's tail domain. However, a significant portion of this regulation also occurs through structural changes that arise in the motor and the microtubule upon binding. The most obvious structural change being the manifestation of asymmetry. To a first approximation in solution, kinesin dimers exhibit twofold symmetry, and microtubules exhibit helical symmetry. The higher symmetries of both the kinesin dimers and microtubule lattice are lost on formation of the kinesin–microtubule complex. Loss of symmetry has functional consequences such as an asymmetric hand‐over‐hand mechanism in plus‐end‐directed kinesins, asymmetric microtubule binding in the Kinesin‐14 family, spatially biased stepping in dynein and cooperative binding of additional motors to the microtubule. This review focusses on how the consequences of asymmetry affect regulation of motor heads within a dimer, dimers within an ensemble of motors, and suggests how these asymmetries may affect regulation of active transport within the cell.
MicroRNA miR-548d Is a Superior Regulator in Pancreatic Cancer

Objectives This study aimed to identify microRNAs as novel biomarkers for improved diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and as a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. microRNAs may have a general role by acting as superordinated key regulators of tumorigenesis. Methods Individual cellular molecules of multiple pathways associated with pancreatic cancer were analyzed for common microRNA binding sites, thereby enabling the identification of key regulating microRNAs. The potential of the identified microRNAs was subsequently determined in cell culture experiments. Results Using bioinformatic pathway analyses, miR-548d was identified to target multiple components of pancreatic cancer–related pathways. The effect of microRNA on pancreatic cells was determined by overexpression studies using PANC-1 cells, resulting in impaired cell proliferation because of increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In addition, miR-548d overexpression led to a sensitization to gemcitabine. Conclusions MicroRNA miR-548d was identified as a potential superior regulator for the development and progression of pancreatic cancer by targeting multiple factors of crucial pathways. Therapeutically, microRNAs with superordinate function, such as miR-548d, may be promising diagnostic and therapeutic tools for the future treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Comprehensive Model for Humidity Testing Correlation

This paper reviews all published life in humidity conditions vs life at 85C/85% RH for epoxy packages; 61 data points are used. An acceleration formula is described which provides direct extrapolation from test results in autoclave tests at up to at least 140C to low-humidity down to below 30XRH. This formula compares favorably with previously-published formulae. The possible effect of the Tg of the epoxy is recognized, and other high-temperature and low-humidity effects are disclosed. Recommendat ions are made for future tests, replacing 1000 hours at 85C/85%RH with a 20-hour test at 140C/100%RH, to reduce test time and increase test usefulness.
Topology-Adaptive Mesh Deformation for Surface Evolution, Morphing, and Multiview Reconstruction

Triangulated meshes have become ubiquitous discrete surface representations. In this paper, we address the problem of how to maintain the manifold properties of a surface while it undergoes strong deformations that may cause topological changes. We introduce a new self-intersection removal algorithm, TransforMesh, and propose a mesh evolution framework based on this algorithm. Numerous shape modeling applications use surface evolution in order to improve shape properties such as appearance or accuracy. Both explicit and implicit representations can be considered for that purpose. However, explicit mesh representations, while allowing for accurate surface modeling, suffer from the inherent difficulty of reliably dealing with self-intersections and topological changes such as merges and splits. As a consequence, a majority of methods rely on implicit representations of surfaces, e.g., level sets, that naturally overcome these issues. Nevertheless, these methods are based on volumetric discretizations, which introduce an unwanted precision-complexity trade-off. The method that we propose handles topological changes in a robust manner and removes self-intersections, thus overcoming the traditional limitations of mesh-based approaches. To illustrate the effectiveness of TransforMesh, we describe several challenging applications: surface morphing and 3D reconstruction.
Accumulation of Substrates of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC) during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Is Associated with the Phosphorylation of Cdh1 and the Dissociation and Relocalization of APC Subunits

ABSTRACT Cell cycle dysregulation upon human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of human fibroblasts is associated with the inactivation of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), a multisubunit E3 ubiquitin ligase, and accumulation of its substrates. Here, we have further elucidated the mechanism(s) by which HCMV-induced inactivation of the APC occurs. Our results show that Cdh1 accumulates in a phosphorylated form that may prevent its association with and activation of the APC. The accumulation of Cdh1, but not its phosphorylation, appears to be cyclin-dependent kinase dependent. The lack of an association of exogenously added Cdh1 with the APC from infected cells indicates that the core APC also may be impaired. This is further supported by an examination of the localization and composition of the APC. Coimmunoprecipitation studies show that both Cdh1 and the subunit APC1 become dissociated from the complex. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis demonstrates that as the infection progresses, several subunits redistribute to the cytoplasm, while APC1 remains nuclear. Dissociation of the core complex itself would account for not only the observed inactivity but also its inability to bind to Cdh1. Taken together, these results illustrate that HCMV has adopted multiple mechanisms to inactivate the APC, which underscores its importance for a productive infection.
Multi-Level Soil Sensing Systems to Identify Safe Trafficability Areas for Extra-Planetary Rovers

A handful of robotic exploration rovers have had successful landings and missions on Mars. These missions, however, were not without issues. The Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) Opportunity and Spirit, as examples, had several difficulties in traversing the terrain; and Spirit’s mission ultimately ended due to becoming permanently embedded in loose soil. This paper describes the development of multiple sensor systems on a highly-mobile scout rover with overlapping areas of detection for data correlation and fault redundancy; allowing for collection of both rapid, cursory data while the rover is in motion and highlydetailed soil characteristic information while the rover is stopped. The mission-critical primary rover will also possess its own direct and remote sensing systems for added mission safety.
Sleep Homeostasis Modulates Hypocretin-Mediated Sleep-to-Wake Transitions

The hypocretins (Hcrts) (also called orexins) are two neuropeptides expressed in the lateral hypothalamus that play a crucial role in the stability of wakefulness. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that in vivo photostimulation of Hcrt neurons genetically targeted with ChR2, a light-activated cation channel, was sufficient to increase the probability of an awakening event during both slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. In the current study, we ask whether Hcrt-mediated sleep-to-wake transitions are affected by light/dark period and sleep pressure. We found that stimulation of Hcrt neurons increased the probability of an awakening event throughout the entire light/dark period but that this effect was diminished with sleep pressure induced by 2 or 4 h of sleep deprivation. Interestingly, photostimulation of Hcrt neurons was still sufficient to increase activity assessed by c-Fos expression in Hcrt neurons after sleep deprivation, although this stimulation did not cause an increase in transitions to wakefulness. In addition, we found that photostimulation of Hcrt neurons increases neural activity assessed by c-Fos expression in the downstream arousal-promoting locus ceruleus and tuberomammilary nucleus but not after 2 h of sleep deprivation. Finally, stimulation of Hcrt neurons was still sufficient to increase the probability of an awakening event in histidine decarboxylase-deficient knock-out animals. Collectively, these results suggest that the Hcrt system promotes wakefulness throughout the light/dark period by activating multiple downstream targets, which themselves are inhibited with increased sleep pressure.
Time Course of Forgetting Exhibited in Repetition Priming of Semantic Comparisons

We report two studies that used a semantic comparison task to investigate forgetting in repetition priming over various delay intervals. Experiment 1 investigated the form of forgetting in priming effects (latency savings) over intervals up to 90 min. Logarithmic, exponential-power, and power forgetting functions fitted the data equally well, but they made different predictions about the degree of priming after longer delay intervals. Experiment 2 tested these predictions by assessing repetition savings after an 8-day delay. A power function provided the best account of priming loss. The findings are discussed with respect to the longevity of implicit memory measures and the previously observed dissociations between implicit and explicit memory measures.
Subtraction method for determination of N-terminal connective tissue growth factor

Background Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) may be a potential marker of fibrosis. However, platelet-derived CTGF may be released into the plasma by platelet activation during or after blood collection, thereby interfering with accurate determination of the true plasma CTGF level. Plasma CTGF exists as the N-terminal CTGF fragment (N-fragment), composed of modules 1 and 2, whereas platelet CTGF exists as full-length CTGF (full-length), composed of modules 1–4. We perceived the need to develop a method for distinguishing between the N-fragment and full-length CTGF levels, so that the true plasma and serum CTGF (N-fragment) levels could be accurately determined. Methods Full-length levels were determined by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using two monoclonal antibodies recognizing modules 1 and 4, respectively (M1/4 ELISA). Total CTGF (full-length CTGF plus N-terminal CTGF) levels were determined by a sandwich ELISA using two monoclonal antibodies recognizing modules 1 and 2, respectively (M1/2 ELISA). N-terminal CTGF levels were determined by subtracting the full-length levels from the total CTGF levels. Results Both the M1/2 and M1/4 ELISAs showed good analytical performance. When the CTGF levels of plasma and serum collected simultaneously from the same subject were compared, the N-fragment levels determined by the subtraction method were the same, in spite of the fact that full-length CTGF was present in the sample. Conclusion N-fragment levels in plasma and serum can be accurately determined by this subtraction method, even if full-length CTGF in platelets is released during or after blood collection.