Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Bivariate Generalized Exponential-Power Series Class of Distributions

In this paper, we introduce a new class of bivariate distributions by compounding the bivariate generalized exponential and power-series distributions. This new class contains some new sub-models such as the bivariate generalized exponential distribution, the bivariate generalized exponential-poisson, -logarithmic, -binomial and -negative binomial distributions. We derive different properties of the new class of distributions. The EM algorithm is used to determine the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters. We illustrate the usefulness of the new distributions by means of an application to a real data set.
Adaptive sampling for network performance measurement under voice traffic

As the Internet grows in scale and complexity, the benefits of network performance measurements and monitoring are significantly increasing. Sampling-based measurement methods provide adequate techniques for reducing the quantity of control data and attract growing interests. The research reported in this paper, addresses the issue of how to carry out the sampling in an adaptive fashion, so that the accuracy for measuring the quality of service parameters (delay, loss, jitter, throughput) is better if we know something about the traffic type and traffic parameters. Our study proposes and investigates a mechanism that can be set up to adaptively adjust the parameters of the sampling technique. Two realistic network topologies based on MPLS networks are setup to evaluate the proposed adaptive sampling scheme for monitoring and measuring network performance metrics. Compared with conventional sampling techniques (systematic and stratified sampling), simulation results are presented to illustrate that adaptive sampling provides the potential for better monitoring, control, and management of high-performance networks with higher accuracy.
Biermann Mechanism in Primordial Supernova Remnant and Seed Magnetic Fields

We study the generation of magnetic fields by the Biermann mechanism in the supernova explosions of the first stars. The Biermann mechanism produces magnetic fields in the shocked region between the bubble and interstellar medium (ISM), even if magnetic fields are absent initially. We perform a series of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations with the Biermann term and estimate the amplitude and total energy of the magnetic fields that are produced. We find that magnetic fields with amplitude 10-14 to 10-17 G are generated inside the bubble, although the amount of magnetic field generated depends on the specific values of the initial conditions. This corresponds to magnetic fields of 1028-1031 ergs for each supernova remnant, which is strong enough to be the seed magnetic field for a galactic and/or interstellar dynamo.
The Teamwork Assessment Scale: A Novel Instrument to Assess Quality of Undergraduate Medical Students' Teamwork Using the Example of Simulation-based Ward-Rounds

Background: Simulation-based teamwork trainings are considered a powerful training method to advance teamwork, which becomes more relevant in medical education. The measurement of teamwork is of high importance and several instruments have been developed for various medical domains to meet this need. To our knowledge, no theoretically-based and easy-to-use measurement instrument has been published nor developed specifically for simulation-based teamwork trainings of medical students. Internist ward-rounds function as an important example of teamwork in medicine. Purposes: The purpose of this study was to provide a validated, theoretically-based instrument that is easy-to-use. Furthermore, this study aimed to identify if and when rater scores relate to performance. Methods: Based on a theoretical framework for teamwork behaviour, items regarding four teamwork components (Team Coordination, Team Cooperation, Information Exchange, Team Adjustment Behaviours) were developed. In study one, three ward-round scenarios, simulated by 69 students, were videotaped and rated independently by four trained raters. The instrument was tested for the embedded psychometric properties and factorial structure. In study two, the instrument was tested for construct validity with an external criterion with a second set of 100 students and four raters. Results: In study one, the factorial structure matched the theoretical components but was unable to separate Information Exchange and Team Cooperation. The preliminary version showed adequate psychometric properties (Cronbach’s α=.75). In study two, the instrument showed physician rater scores were more reliable in measurement than those of student raters. Furthermore, a close correlation between the scale and clinical performance as an external criteria was shown (r=.64) and the sufficient psychometric properties were replicated (Cronbach’s α=.78). Conclusions: The validation allows for use of the simulated teamwork assessment scale in undergraduate medical ward-round trainings to reliably measure teamwork by physicians. Further studies are needed to verify the applicability of the instrument.
Feature Selection on Supervised Classification Using Wilks Lambda Statistic

Variable and feature selection have become the focus of much research in areas of application for which datasets with tens or hundreds of thousands of variables are available. This paper addresses the feature selection problem for supervised classification. We operate this feature selection step by step, which leads to search for a criterion to quantify the most relevant variable and its contribution compared to the others already selected. In this article we present a feature selection method based on the Wilk's lambda criterion which is a statistical one used in discriminant analysis. Our objective is to evaluate the performances of this method when used in another application different from its classical one i.e. the discriminant analysis. This criterion is compared to other very known algorithms in the field of the feature selection on various real data sets. The obtained results with the criterion of Wilk's lambda are satisfactory and even better in some cases.
Time Evolution of the Magnetic Activity Cycle Period

We propose a new interpretation of the relationships between the dynamo cycle period (Pcyc) as observed in Ca II H and K, the rotational period (Prot), the activity level, and other stellar properties. Viewed within this framework, the data suggest that the dynamo α-parameter increases with magnetic field strength, contrary to the conventional idea of α-quenching. The data also suggest a possibly discontinuous dependence of the ratio of cycle to rotation frequency, ωcyc/Ω, as a function of Rossby number, Ro (or equivalently, activity or age). Stars evolve with ωcyc/Ω ∝ t−0.35 (or Ro-0.7), until age t ≈ 2-3 Gyr (roughly at the Vaughan-Preston gap), where a sharp transition occurs, in which ωcyc/Ω increases by a factor of ≈ 6. Thereafter, evolution with ωcyc/Ω ∝ t−0.35 continues. The age at which transition occurs may be mass dependent, with K stars making the transition first.
Embedding Projector: Interactive Visualization and Interpretation of Embeddings

Embeddings are ubiquitous in machine learning, appearing in recommender systems, NLP, and many other applications. Researchers and developers often need to explore the properties of a specific embedding, and one way to analyze embeddings is to visualize them. We present the Embedding Projector, a tool for interactive visualization and interpretation of embeddings.
Automatically Extracting Clinically Useful Sentences from UpToDate to Support Clinicians' Information Needs

UNLABELLED Clinicians raise several information needs in the course of care. Most of these needs can be met by online health knowledge resources such as UpToDate. However, finding relevant information in these resources often requires significant time and cognitive effort. OBJECTIVE To design and assess algorithms for extracting from UpToDate the sentences that represent the most clinically useful information for patient care decision making. METHODS We developed algorithms based on semantic predications extracted with SemRep, a semantic natural language processing parser. Two algorithms were compared against a gold standard composed of UpToDate sentences rated in terms of clinical usefulness. RESULTS Clinically useful sentences were strongly correlated with predication frequency (correlation= 0.95). The two algorithms did not differ in terms of top ten precision (53% vs. 49%; p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Semantic predications may serve as the basis for extracting clinically useful sentences. Future research is needed to improve the algorithms.
COMP 4046 Assignment 2 SID 200415765 3 Classification Hierarchy

Question classification may be used as a stage in a system that can answer free form factual questions. The role of such a system would be to help constrain the type of answer that may be produced by a question answering system. We consider a rule-based question classifier, and then we consider a machine-learning approach to question classification. Both classifiers attempt to classify questions into ”coarse” and ”fine” grained categories. The machine-learned classifier takes into account the syntactic structure of the question, and performs slightly better than the rule-based classifier.
Infinite Grassmannians and Moduli Spaces of G–bundles

Introduction. These are notes for my eight lectures given at the C.I. M.E. session on “Vector bundles on curves. New directions” held at Cetraro (Italy) in June 1995. The work presented here was done in collaboration with M.S. Narasimhan and A. Ramanathan and appeared in [KNR]. These notes differ from [KNR] in that we have added three appendices (A)-(C) containing basic definitions and results (we need) on ind-varieties, Kac-Moody Lie algebras, the associated groups and their flag varieties. We also have modified the proof (given in §7) of basic extension result (Proposition 6.5), and we hope that it is more transparent than the one given in [KNR, §7]. We now describe the main result of this note. Let C be a smooth projective irreducible algebraic curve over C of any genus and G a connected simply-connected simple affine algebraic group over C. In this note we elucidate the relationship between
Inside the Black of Box of Ability Peer Effects : Evidence from Variation in High and Low Achievers in the Classroom

In this paper, we estimate the extent of ability peer effects in the classroom and explore the underlying mechanisms through which these peer effects operate. We identify as high ability students those who are enrolled at least one year ahead of their birth cohort (“skippers”) and as low ability students those who are enrolled at least one year behind their birth cohort (“repeaters”). We show that while there are marked differences between the academic performance and behavior of skippers/repeaters and the regular students, the status of skippers and repeaters is mostly determined by first grade; therefore, it is unlikely to have been affected by their classroom peers (and to suffer from the reflection problem). Using within school variation in the proportion of these low and high ability students across cohorts of middle and high school students in Israel, we find that the proportion of high achieving peers in class has no effect on the academic performance of most regular students but it does affect positively the outcomes of the brightest among the regular students. In contrast, the proportion of low achieving peers has a negative effect on the performance of regular students, especially those located at the lower end of the ability distribution. An exploration of the underlying mechanisms of these peer effects shows that, relative to regular students, repeaters report that teachers are better in the individual treatment of students and in the instilment of capacity for individual study. However, a higher proportion of low achieving students results in a deterioration of teachers’ pedagogical practices has detrimental effects on the quality of inter-student relationships and the relationships between teachers and students, and somewhat increases the level of violence and classroom disruptions. * We thank the Ministry of Education for assisting with the data, and comments from seminar participants at Hebrew University and the CEPR Meeting. Roy Mill, Rachel Berner, Issi Romem and Yannay Spitzer provided outstanding research assistance. We thank the Falk Institute for financial support. ‡ Hebrew University of Jerusalem and RHUL. E-mail: msvictor@huji.ac. il * Boston University and Hebrew University. E-mail: paserman@bu.edu † Princeton University. E-mail: aschloss@princeton.edu
System M: A Program Logic for Code Sandboxing and Identification

Abstract : Security-sensitive applications that execute untrusted code often check the codes integrity by comparing its syntax to a known good value or sandbox the code to contain its effects. System M is a new program logic for reasoning about such security-sensitive applications. System M extends Hoare Type Theory (HTT) to trace safety properties and, additionally, contains two new reasoning principles. First, its type system internalizes logical equality, facilitating reasoning about applications that check code integrity. Second, a confinement rule assigns an effect type to a computation based solely on knowledge of the computations sandbox. We prove the sound-ness of System M relative to a step-indexed trace-based semantic model. We illustrate both new reasoning principles of System M by verifying the main integrity property of the design of Memoir, a previously proposed trusted computing system for ensuring state continuity of isolated security-sensitive applications.
Discovery of Spatially Cohesive Itemsets in Three-Dimensional Protein Structures

In this paper we present a cohesive structural itemset miner aiming to discover interesting patterns in a set of data objects within a multidimensional spatial structure by combining the cohesion and the support of the pattern. We propose two ways to build the itemset miner, VertexOne and VertexAll, in an attempt to find a balance between accuracy and run-times. The experiments show that VertexOne performs better, and finds almost the same itemsets as VertexAll in a much shorter time. The usefulness of the method is demonstrated by applying it to find interesting patterns of amino acids in spatial proximity within a set of proteins based on their atomic coordinates in the protein molecular structure. Several patterns found by the cohesive structural itemset miner contain amino acids that frequently co-occur in the spatial structure, even if they are distant in the primary protein sequence and only brought together by protein folding. Further various indications were found that some of the discovered patterns seem to represent common underlying support structures within the proteins.
An Auxiliary Source of Randomness for Combined TRNG Based on Ring Oscillators

—This paper presents the methodology of choosing an auxiliary source of randomness to improve the properties of a combined true random number generator consisting of ring oscillators. Not only very good statistical properties are needed in cryptographic application, but we also desire unpredictability, of a degree that is increased with added auxiliary source of randomness. To assess the unpredictability of output bits, the restart mechanism proposed in earlier papers was used.
Constructing Professional Knowledge: A Case Study of an Experienced High School Teacher

Steve Sommers has taught high school physical education for 16 years, and in that time he has learned much about the demands that teachers face in public schools. This study examined how Steve constructed the knowledge necessary to meet those demands. Specifically, this study sought to describe the sources and processes used in making pedagogical decisions. Data were collected over one academic year using life history and ethnographic techniques. Data analysis entailed reducing data to themes and categories that identified the specific sources of knowledge and how Steve used those sources in his teaching. Steve relied upon four primary knowledge sources: community, school, profession, and biography. These sources provided Steve with the expectations for his teaching and the limits of his responsibilities. Further, these sources provided the raw information that Steve translated into classroom practices. A dialectic tension existed between Steve and his occupational environment that shaped and gave status .
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Written Informed Consent for Participation in a Study and Reduction in Consent Rate

Background The association between the method of obtaining informed consent and the consent rate in a cohort study, as well as the differences between consenters and non-consenters with regard to blood-sample donation are unclear. Methods We measured the consent rates among 64-year-old residents who underwent medical checkups in a city for a cohort study consisting of a questionnaire survey and blood-sample donation and determined the influence of different approaches to informed consent and the participants’ characteristics on the consent rates. Results Of 3,098 residents who underwent medical checkups over 10 years, 99.2% responded to the questionnaire survey, and 92.5% agreed to blood-sample donation. The consent rate for blood-sample donation after obtaining individual written informed consent was lower than that observed with the general-announcement approach. Differences in the consent rates for participation in the questionnaire study were, however, negligible. A higher percentage of men than women consented to donate blood samples. After adjustments for gender, it was observed that individuals with a history of hypertension and those without depression consented to blood-sample donation significantly more frequently. Conclusion The consent rate for blood-sample donation to the study decreased when the opt-in approach with written consent was used. This decrease may introduce consent bias, and the method of obtaining informed consent should be revised.
The feature quantity: an information theoretic perspective of Tfidf-like measures

The feature quantity, a quantitative representation of specificity introduced in this paper, is based on an information theoretic perspective of co-occurrence events between terms and documents. Mathematically, the feature quantity is defined as a product of probability and information, and maintains a good correspondence with the tfidf-like measures popularly used in today's IR systems. In this paper, we present a formal description of the feature quantity, as well as some illustrative examples of applying such a quantity to different types of information retrieval tasks: representative term selection and text categorization.
On the hardware implementations of the SHA-2 (256, 384, 512) hash functions

Couple to the communications wired and unwired networks growth, is the increasing demand for strong secure data transmission. New cryptographic standards are developed, and new encryption algorithms are designed, in order to satisfy the special needs for security. SHA-2 is the newest powerful standard in the hash functions families. In this paper, a VLSI architecture for the SHA-2 family is proposed. For every hash function SHA-2 (256, 384, and 512) of this standard, a hardware implementation is presented. All the implementations are examined and compared in the supported security level and in the performance by using hardware terms. This work can substitute efficiently the previous SHA-1 standard implementations, in every integrity security scheme, with higher offered security level, and better performance. In addition, the proposed implementations could be applied alternatively in the integrations of digital signature algorithms, keyed-hash message authentication codes and in random numbers generators architectures.
Estimation of hemodynamic parameters from seismocardiogram

In this paper we demonstrate that SCG can be used to estimate hemodynamic parameters such as stroke volume and the three systolic time intervals of pre-ejection period (PEP), left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and electromechanical systole (QS2). In this study, recordings of suprasternal pulsed Doppler and Impedance cardiogram (ICG) were used as the reference methods for comparison to the values estimated by SCG. Simultaneous SCG and ICG and Doppler were recorded from twenty four participants.