Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Etravirine and Rilpivirine Resistance in HIV-1 Subtype Crf01_Ae-Infected Adults Failing Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Based Regimens

Background We studied prevalence of etravirine (ETR) and rilpivirine (RPV) resistance in HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE infection with first-line non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) failure. Methods A total of 225 adults failing two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus 1 NNRTI in Thailand with HIV RNA>1,000 copies/ml were included. Genotypic resistance results and HIV-1 subtype were interpreted by Stanford DR database. ETR resistance was calculated by the new Monogram weighted score (Monogram WS; ≥4 indicating high-level ETR resistance) and by DUET weighted score (DUET WS; 2.5–3.5 and ≥4 resulted in intermediate and reduce ETR response, respectively). RPV resistance interpretation was based on previous reports. Results Median (IQR) age was 38 (34–42) years, 41% were female and CDC A:B:C were 22%:21%:57%. HIV subtypes were 96% CRF01_AE and 4% B. Antiretrovirals at failure were lamivudine (100%), stavudine (93%), nevirapine (90%) and efavirenz (10%) with a median (IQR) duration of 3.4 (1.8–4.5) years. Median (IQR) CD4+ T-cell count and HIV RNA were 194 (121–280) cells/mm3 and 4.1 (3.6–4.6) log10 copies/ml, respectively. The common NNRTI mutations were Y181C (41%), G190A (22%) and K103N (19%). The proportion of patients with Monogram WS score ≥4 was 61.3%. By DUET WS, 49.8% and 7.5% of patients were scored 2.5–3.5 and ≥4, respectively. Only HIV RNA≥4 log10 copies/ml at failure was associated with both Monogram WS≥4 (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–3.9; P=0.003) and DUET WS≥2.5 (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.3; P=0.02). The RVP resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) detected were K101P (1.8%), Y181I (2.7%) and Y181V (3.6%). All patients with RPV mutation had ETR resistance. No E138R/E138K mutations were detected. Conclusions Approximately 60% of patients had high-level ETR resistance. The role of ETR in second-line therapy is limited in late NNRTI failure settings. RVP RAMs were uncommon, but cross-resistance between ETR and RVP was high.
Measurement of low level membrane proteins using bicinchoninic acid: modified procedures to eliminate interfering substances.

Accurate determination of low levels of protein in samples containing large amounts of interfering substances is rather difficult. Precipitation-bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay as reported can concentrate and partially decontaminate the protein by adding sodium deoxycholate (DOC) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to the sample. Yet, this procedure alone has been insufficient for analysis of highly contaminated samples. In this report, we describe an improved method, the DOC-TCA-washing-BCA method, which is composed of the DOC-TCA precipitation and a subsequent aqueous washing that eliminates many interfering substances. The protein concentrations in samples containing even large amounts of interfering substances (e.g. various sugars and some detergents) were well quantitated by this method. The modifications described here have enabled us to perform rapid and efficient removal of many interfering substances that are commonly used in protein purification, and to allow proteins to be detected above 0.05 microgram and from a solution above 0.5 microgram/ml.
Rural Poor Have Less Access to Supermarkets, Large Grocery Stores. "Rural

A device for sensing and controlling the height of a pile of sheets on the delivery table of a sheet-fed rotary printing press has a contactless sensing head loosely mounted on an oscillating shaft which carries the joggers for aligning the delivered sheets. The sensing head is resiliently urged against stop means to maintain it in sensing position but can be swung clear of the pile with the joggers when the shaft is rotated to bring the joggers away from the pile to take a proof sheet by the interengagement of dogs on the sensing head and the shaft. Switch means in the head are provided to stop the pile table motor when the head is swung clear.
Optimization of pheromone lure and trap design for monitoring the fir coneworm, Dioryctria abietivorella

The major components of the sex pheromone of Dioryctria abietivorella (Groté) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were recently identified as (9Z,11E)‐tetradecadien‐1‐yl acetate (9Z,11E‐14:Ac) and a polyunsaturated, long‐chain hydrocarbon (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)‐pentacosapentaene (C25 pentaene). The optimal ratio of these components and the role of potential minor components were not fully determined in the initial short report on the pheromone's identification. We tested different ratios of the two major components loaded into grey halobutyl rubber septum dispensers, placed in sticky traps deployed in conifer breeding arboreta. The optimal ratio of the two components was 200 µg 9Z,11E‐14:Ac to 2000 µg C25 pentaene. (Z)‐9‐Tetradecen‐1‐yl acetate, which had been identified previously in female pheromone gland extracts, and five other potential minor pheromone components, were tested individually as additions to the optimized two‐component lure blend. None of the ternary blends were more attractive than the optimized two‐component blend, at the ratios tested. Two lure adjuvants, a UV stabilizer (Sumisorb 300) and the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene, added individually or together, did not affect the attractiveness of the optimized lure blend. The Pherotech diamond sticky trap baited with the optimized lure blend was the most effective trap design among eight types of sticky trap and a bucket style trap that were tested. Traps baited with synthetic lures were as attractive as traps baited with virgin female moths. The optimized two‐component lure blend in the Pherotech diamond trap is recommended for monitoring fir coneworm infestations. The availability of an effective synthetic pheromone opens the possibility for control tactics using mating disruption or attract‐and‐kill techniques.
Impaired Adult Neurogenesis in Mice Lacking the Transcription Factor E2F1

During nervous system development the fate of neural stem cells-whether to undergo proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis-is controlled by various signals, such as growth factors. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor E2F1, which is targeted by several signaling cascades that are activated by growth factors, is involved in neurogenesis in the adult brain. When analyzing the brains of E2F1-deficient mice, we found significantly decreased stem cell and progenitor division in the proliferative zones of the lateral ventricle wall and the hippocampus. As a consequence, the production of newborn neurons in the adult olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus was decreased. Neuronal cell counts of the adult cerebellum revealed a mild but significant cerebellar atrophy, whereas neocortical neurons were unaffected, suggesting that E2F1 deficiency produces a predominantly postnatal phenotype. The results indicate an involvement of E2F1 in controlling proliferation and neuronal cell numbers in the postnatal and adult brain.
Prevalence and Predictors of Mental Disorders in Intentionally and Unintentionally Injured Emergency Center Patients

Abstract Little is known about the prevalence and predictors of mental disorders among injured emergency center (EC) patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Patients presenting with either an intentional or unintentional injury were recruited (N = 200). Mental health, injury, and psychological trauma histories were assessed. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were conducted, and predictors of current mental disorder were identified. Diagnostic criteria for a current mental disorder, including substance use disorders, were met by 59.5% of the participants. Compared with those with an unintentional injury, the intentionally injured participants were more likely to be diagnosed with a current mental disorder (66.9% vs. 48.8%, p = .01). High frequencies of previous intentional injuries predicted for current mental disorder (OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.08–1.98), whereas male gender and witnessed community violence predicted substance use disorder diagnoses. The findings indicate that injured EC patients, particularly those with intentional injuries, are at risk for mental disorders. Psychosocial interventions in the EC context can potentially make an important contribution in reducing the burden of mental disorders and injuries in LMICs.
In Vitro Evaluation of Natural Keratin Based Hydrogel from Chicken Feather Waste for Controlled Drug Release

The stable structural morphology of the keratin protein makes it highly a versatile protein. The keratin protein can be manipulated into any bioproduct including films, scaffolds, sponges, nanoparticles and hydrogel. They have the ability to selfassemble themselves to form a stable structure or morphology. Keratin protein can be extracted from many source, one of the abundant source is chicken feathers. The chicken feathers possess 91% of keratin protein (Khosha and Ullah, 2013). The chicken feather discards are generated into the environment in tones. The chicken feathers are dumped in the lands cause environmental issues such as production of methane or greenhouse gases and pollution of the ground water sources (Staron et al., 2014; Evans and Vance, 2007). It needs some effective management system.
Age Differences in Adaptive Decision Making: The Role of Numeracy

The primary purposes of the present study were to examine age differences in adaptive decision making and to evaluate the role of numeracy in mediating the relationship between age and adaptive decision making. Adaptive decision making was assessed by the Cups task (Levin, Weller, Pederson, & Harshman, 2007). Forty-six younger (18 to 24 years old) and 37 older adults (61 to 89 years old) completed the Cups task. In addition, the Numeracy Scale (Lipkus, Samsa, & Rimer, 2001) was used to measure individual numeric ability. Adaptive decision making was operationalized by the Expected Value sensitivity (i.e., the product of probability and outcome magnitudes) across the gain and the loss domains. Older adults had significantly lower Expected Value sensitivity than young adults. In addition, older adults demonstrated significantly lower numeracy than younger adults. Finally, numeracy partially mediated the relationship between age and adaptive decision making. It is suggested that older adults’ declined decision making may be partially due to their declined numeric abilities. Implications were discussed in numeracy education and public policies concerning older adults.
The effects of magnetic separation on cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa motility, viability and cryo-capacitation status

Summary Cryopreservation is a technique used to preserve cells for long-time storage. It is widely used in agriculture to store male gametes in liquid nitrogen. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum thawing temperature and time for samples subjected to annexin V magnetic-activated cell sorting (AnMACS) as the sperm preparation technique. Pooled semen samples from three ejaculates were divided into two groups. The treatment group was subjected both to AnMACS and to being cryopreserved, whilst the control group was cryopreserved directly without MACS. Post-thaw analysis was carried out for samples thawed at either 20°C for 13 s, 37°C for 30 s, 40°C for 7 s, 60°C for 6 s or 80°C for 5 s. Sperm kinematics, viability and capacitation status were determined for samples subjected to all thawing temperatures described. Results showed that thawing at 37°C for 13 s for MACS-processed samples was a superior option compared with other thawing procedures; there was a significant difference in P < 0.05 values for curvilinear velocity (VCL μm/s) and sperm straightness (STR %) when samples were thawed at 40°C for 7 s, with fewer capacitated spermatozoa (P < 0.05) when samples were thawed at 37°C for 30 s, 40°C for 7 s or 60°C for 6 s. Hence, we can speculate that the use of AnMACS as the sperm preparation technique can somehow enhance sperm cryosurvival rate after cryopreservation, however the fertilization potential of these cells has yet to be determined.
Automatic Chinese sentiment word extraction based on Aximum Entropy

In recent years, sentiment analysis has become a hot topic in the study of natural language processing. Methods of machine learning are widely used to the sentiment analysis. This paper presents an approach for Chinese sentiment analysis at phrase-level. A LMR template is designed to tag word features, like position, orientation, part of speech (POS), and so on. Then, Maximum Entropy (ME) model is employed to extract sentiment words. Parts of the first Chinese Opinion Analysis Evaluation (COAE2008) corpus are used in evaluation. Experimental results show that ME model with LMR template can achieve a good performance.
Innovation by asymmetric firms

One need only look at the list of the world's most valuable firms, including Apple Inc. and Microsoft, to understand that there is a link between innovation and success. However, little has been done to explore why some firms are more innovative. In this thesis we explore one possible reason that some firms are more innovative than others: innate ability. The first essay explores the importance of abilities on the innovative process, defined as a firm's ability to spot and implement new technologies. We observe that if the more able firm possesses both an ability and timing advantage, it always becomes the dominant firm. However, if an ex ante low ability firm has an investment timing advantage it can become the ex post market leader if and only if the a priori ability gap is not too large. The second essay analyses whether a firm's incentive to agglomerate, when research spillovers are location based, survives the existence of asymmetric abilities which may generate heterogeneous unit costs. First, we find that agglomeration is never optimal, not even when the firms are symmetric, due to the threat of rapidly escalating of price competition. Second, where a firm is better able to both reduce its own costs and assimilate a rival's economic knowledge, it becomes more aggressive in terms of both location and investment, leading to increasingly asymmetric outcomes. The third essay examines the impact abilities have on venture capital funding. Specifically, we consider the impact of venture capital from the firms' perspectives. We find evidence of both a direct and indirect impact of venture capital. Furthermore, we find that the commonly held assertion that venture capital spurs success is too vague. Instead, venture capital only spurs innovation amongst the "lucky", chosen few, but unambiguously suppresses innovation of non-VC-backed firms.
The giant anomalous Hall effect in the ferromagnet Fe3Sn2—a frustrated kagome metal

The kagome-bilayer material Fe3Sn2 has recently been shown to be an example of a rare class of magnet—a frustrated ferromagnetic metal. While the magnetism of Fe3Sn2 appears to be relatively simple at high temperature, with localized moments parallel to the c-axis (TC = 640 K), upon cooling the competing exchange interactions and spin frustration become apparent as they cause the moments to become non-collinear and to rotate towards the kagome plane, forming firstly a canted ferromagnetic structure and then a re-entrant spin glass ( K). In this work we show that Fe3Sn2 possesses an unusual anomalous Hall effect. The saturated Hall resistivity of Fe3Sn2 is 3.2 µΩ cm at 300 K, almost 20 times higher than that of typical itinerant ferromagnets such as Fe and Ni. The anomalous Hall coefficient Rs is 6.7 × 10 − 9 Ω cm G − 1 at 300 K, which is three orders of magnitude larger than that of pure Fe, and obeys an unconventional scaling with the longitudinal resistivity, ρxx, of . Such a relationship cannot be explained by either the conventional skew or side-jump mechanisms, indicating that the anomalous Hall effect in Fe3Sn2 has an extraordinary origin that is presumed to be related to the underlying frustration of the magnetism. These findings demonstrate that frustrated ferromagnets, whether based on bulk materials or on artificial nanoscale structures, can provide new routes to room temperature spin-dependent electron transport properties suited to application in spintronics.
[Molecular analysis of space mutant line of kidney bean].

Objective. To identify the occurrence of gene mutant in mutant lines in the offspring of Kidney bean seeds under space flight condition. Method. Kidney bean seeds were carried onboard a recoverable satellite for 15 days in space and were planted on the ground after recovery. Five mutant lines showing variation in the form of leaf blade and their parents were analyzed with RAPD technique. Result. 50 random 10-mer primers were used in this study, among which 20 primers generated 180 polymorphic DNA bands, their size ranged from 200 bp to 2000 bp. 3 primers amplified obviously different bands in the DNA of mutant lines in comparison with that of the control. Conclusion. This is the first molecular analysis of the mutant lines of Kidney bean generated by space mutagenesis at DNA level. The result of RAPD analysis indicated that distinct variations were demonstrated in the DNA of mutant lines as compared with that of the original control.
Exact and Approximate Prefix Search under Access Locality Requirements for Morphological Analysis and Spelling Correction

A DATA STRUCTURE USEFUL FOR PREFIX SEARCH IN A VERY LARGE DICTIONARY WITH AN ANLIMITED QUERY STRING IS DISCUSSED. THIS PROBLEM IS IMPORTANT FOR MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF INFLECTIVE LANGUAGES, INCLUDING PARTICULARY DIFFICULT CASES SUCH AS GERMAN WORD CONCATENATION OR JAPANESE WRITING SYSTEM THAT DOES NOT USE SPACES; SIMILAR TASKS ARISE IN AND COMPUTING. THE DATA STRUCTURES IS OPTIMIZED FOR LOCALITY OF ACCESS; TO THE MAIN DATA STORAGE IS USEFULNESS, THE ALGORITHMS OF EXACT AND APROXIMATE SEARH ARE DESCRIBED, WITH APPLICATION TO MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND SPELLING CORRECTION. THE ANGORITHMS FOR BUILDIN, EXPORTING, AND UPDAITING THE DATA STRUCTURE ARE EXPLAINED.
News Media Sentiment of Data Breaches

Corporate data breaches compromise the confidentiality of personal information and affect businesses on different levels. While there has grown a considerable body of IS literature focusing on the financial impact of corporate data breaches through the observation of the stock market, yet there is scarce evidence of the consequences of data breaches that go beyond monetary and financial losses. This study explores how corporate data breaches are reflected on news media channels. For this purpose and with a focus on publicly traded firms, a data sample of security breaches and the related news media publications have been extracted from the publicly available data source DataLossDB.org. To explore the news media reaction, a dictionary-based sentiment analysis approach based on General Inquirer has been applied. The generated results provide evidence of a significant negative news media sentiment following the disclosure of breach incidents.
Business Data Linking: An introduction

Research has been conducted for many years on UK productivity. However, because of data availability, almost all of this UK work has been aggregate in nature, either looking at whole-economy productivity or at industry-level productivity. This work has rightly been very influential in, for example, documenting the UK productivity gap with other countries and suggesting some of the productivity drivers that policy might act upon.
Parstatin suppresses ocular neovascularization and inflammation.

PURPOSE Parstatin is a 41-mer peptide formed by proteolytic cleavage on activation of the PAR1 receptor. The authors recently showed that parstatin is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of parstatin on ocular neovascularization. METHODS Choroidal neovascularization was generated in mice using laser-induced rupture of Bruch's membrane and was assessed after 14 days after perfusion of FITC-dextran. Oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization was established in neonatal mice by exposing them to 75% O(2) at postnatal day (P)7 for 5 days and then placing them in room air for 5 days. Evaluation was performed on P17 after staining with anti-mouse PECAM-1. The effect of parstatin was tested after intravitreal administration. The effects of subconjunctival-injected parstatin on corneal neovascularization and inflammation in rats were assessed 7 days after chemical burn-induced corneal neovascularization. Retinal leukostasis in mice was assessed after perfusion with FITC-conjugated concanavalin A. RESULTS Parstatin potently inhibited choroidal neovascularization with an IC(50) of approximately 3 μg and a maximum inhibition of 59% at 10 μg. Parstatin suppressed retinal neovascularization with maximum inhibition of 60% at 3 μg. Ten-microgram and 30-μg doses appeared to be toxic to the neonatal retina. Subconjunctival parstatin inhibited corneal neovascularization, with 200 μg the most effective dose (59% inhibition). In addition, parstatin significantly inhibited corneal inflammation and VEGF-induced retinal leukostasis. In all models tested, scrambled parstatin was without any significant effect. CONCLUSIONS Parstatin is a potent antiangiogenic agent of ocular neovascularization and may have clinical potential in the treatment of angiogenesis-related ocular disorders.
Fuzzy neuro genetic approach for predicting the risk of cardiovascular diseases

In this paper, we have proposed a medical diagnosis system for predicting the severity of the cardiovascular diseases. The system is built by combining the relative advantages of fuzzy logic, neural network and genetic algorithm. The input variables that are non-discrete are fuzzified and fed as input to train the neural network. The neural network is trained using a genetic algorithm and used to identify the fuzzy rules that are significant for the purpose of classification. The rules identified by the neural network are further pruned and stored in the knowledge base. The rules in the knowledge base are used by inference and forecasting subsystem to predict the severity of the disease, for a given set of input data. Using the proposed approach, we have obtained classification accuracy of 88.35%.
IS Management by Constraints: Coupling IS Effort to Changes in Business Bottlenecks

The Theory of Constraints (TOC) has recently proved suc­ cessful in focusing industrial and service organizations. This paper applies TOC principles to the Management-of-Informa­ tion-Systems (MIS) in the organization. Deming's process of on-going improvement (POOGI) manages the update of IS goals to accommodate changes in the business environment. The process includes the definition of goals for IS ; definition of performance metrics; process im­ provement objectives for the short, medium and long term; and the identification of constraints limiting the quality of the cur­ rent process design. We identify three modes of interaction between TOC and information systems: 1) subordination of MIS to elevate strate­ gic business constraints; 2) focused treatment of constraints on the throughput of the IS unit; and , 3) the development of information systems to support the TOC methodology. We draw a framework and a methodology showing how MIS can be more effective using the TOC way of manage­ ment. In order to systematically explore the location of the or­ ganization's constraints we adapt the Value Chain and Value System models to the identification of organizational con­ straints.