Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Jumping Gene Paradigm for Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization

A new evolutionary computing algorithm on the basis of the ldquojumping genesrdquo (JG) phenomenon is proposed in this paper. It emulates the gene transposition in the genome that was discovered by Nobel Laureate, Barbara McClintock, in her work on the corn plants. The principle of JGs that is adopted for evolutionary computing is outlined. The procedures for executing the computational optimization are provided. A large number of constrained and unconstrained test functions have been utilized to verify this new scheme. Its performances on convergence and diversity have been statistically examined and comparisons with other evolutionary algorithms are carried out. It has been discovered that this new scheme is robust and able to provide outcomes quickly and accurately. A stringent measure of binary-indicator is also applied for algorithm classification. The outcome from this test indicates that the JG paradigm is a very competitive scheme for multiobjective optimization and also a compatible evolutionary computing scheme when speed in convergence, diversity, and accuracy are simultaneously required.
Phosphorylation of the Yeast γ-Tubulin Tub4 Regulates Microtubule Function

The yeast γ-tubulin Tub4 is assembled with Spc97 and Spc98 into the small Tub4 complex. The Tub4 complex binds via the receptor proteins Spc72 and Spc110 to the spindle pole body (SPB), the functional equivalent of the mammalian centrosome, where the Tub4 complex organizes cytoplasmic and nuclear microtubules. Little is known about the regulation of the Tub4 complex. Here, we isolated the Tub4 complex with the bound receptors from yeast cells. Analysis of the purified Tub4 complex by mass spectrometry identified more than 50 phosphorylation sites in Spc72, Spc97, Spc98, Spc110 and Tub4. To examine the functional relevance of the phosphorylation sites, phospho-mimicking and non-phosphorylatable mutations in Tub4, Spc97 and Spc98 were analyzed. Three phosphorylation sites in Tub4 were found to be critical for Tub4 stability and microtubule organization. One of the sites is highly conserved in γ-tubulins from yeast to human.
Ready steady slow: action preparation slows the subjective passage of time

Professional ball game players report the feeling of the ball ‘slowing-down’ before hitting it. Because effective motor preparation is critical in achieving such expert motor performance, these anecdotal comments imply that the subjective passage of time may be influenced by preparation for action. Previous reports of temporal illusions associated with action generally emphasize compensation for suppressed sensory signals that accompany motor commands. Here, we show that the time is perceived slowed-down during preparation of a ballistic reaching movement before action, involving enhancement of sensory processing. Preparing for a reaching movement increased perceived duration of a visual stimulus. This effect was tightly linked to action preparation, because the amount of temporal dilation increased with the information about the upcoming movement. Furthermore, we showed a reduction of perceived frequency for flickering stimuli and an enhanced detection of rapidly presented letters during action preparation, suggesting increased temporal resolution of visual perception during action preparation. We propose that the temporal dilation during action preparation reflects the function of the brain to maximize the capacity of sensory information-acquisition prior to execution of a ballistic movement. This strategy might facilitate changing or inhibiting the planned action in response to last-minute changes in the external environment.
The politics of ethnic melancholy in Israeli cinema

This paper deals with the way migrants’ children process the trans-generational trauma of immigration and examines its impact on the formation of their self-identity. It explores the manifestation of this trauma as present in two highly-notable works by Mizrahi cinematographers. The memory unfolding in these films is a penetrating audio-visual testimony to the immigration trauma with the mark it has left on the psyches and identities of migrants’ children. It argues that the split identity that is a product of both Israeli assimilationist and Mizrahi resistance inhabits the continuum between mourning and melancholy, grief and grievance. Along this continuum, immigrant subjects engage in intergenerational negotiations between mourning and melancholy, while their ethnic melancholy emerges as an alternative mental state to the Eurocentric hegemony.
MemScope: Analyzing Memory Duplication on Android Systems

Main memory is one of the most important and valuable resources in mobile devices. While resource efficiency, in general, is important in mobile computing where programs run on limited battery power and resources, managing main memory is especially critical because it has a significant impact on user experience. However, there is mounting evidence that Android systems do not utilize main memory efficiently, and actually cause page-level duplications in the physical memory. This paper takes the first step in accurately measuring the level of memory duplication and diagnosing the root cause of the problem. To this end, we develop a system called MemScope that automatically identifies and measures memory duplication levels for Android systems. It identifies which memory segment contains duplicate memory pages by analyzing the page table and the memory content. We present the design of MemScope and our preliminary evaluation. The results show that 10 to 20% of memory pages used by applications are redundant. We identify several possible causes of the problem.
The Pay-What-You-Like Business Model: Warm Glow Revenues and Endogenous Price Discrimination

We explore the potential benefits of an up-and-coming business model called “pay-what-you-want” in an environment where consumers experience a warm glow by patronizing a particular firm. We show that, given a social norm regarding minimum contributions, a pay-what-you-want firm should announce a minimum suggested contribution, which is positive—but smaller than the profit-maximizing single price—so as to benefit from “endogenous price discrimination,” whereby consumers differentially contribute more than the suggested minimum. Furthermore, a pay-what-you-want scheme can improve market efficiency and, in special cases, generate more profit than a standard posted price scheme. These results are robust to alternate motivations for generosity, including gift-exchange.
mOS: an architecture for extreme-scale operating systems

Linux®, or more specifically, the Linux API, plays a key role in HPC computing. Even for extreme-scale computing, a known and familiar API is required for production machines. However, an off-the-shelf Linux distribution faces challenges at extreme scale. To date, two approaches have been used to address the challenges of providing an operating system (OS) at extreme scale. In the Full-Weight Kernel (FWK) approach, an OS, typically Linux, forms the starting point, and work is undertaken to remove features from the environment so that it will scale up across more cores and out across a large cluster. A Light-Weight Kernel (LWK) approach often starts with a new kernel and work is undertaken to add functionality to provide a familiar API, typically Linux. Either approach however, results in an execution environment that is not fully Linux compatible. mOS (multi Operating System) runs both an FWK (Linux), and an LWK, simultaneously as kernels on the same compute node. mOS thereby achieves the scalability and reliability of LWKs, while providing the full Linux functionality of an FWK. Further, mOS works in concert with Operating System Nodes (OSNs) to offload system calls, e.g., I/O, that are too invasive to run on the compute nodes at extreme-scale. Beyond providing full Linux capability with LWK performance, other advantages of mOS include the ability to effectively manage different types of compute and memory resources, interface easily with proposed asynchronous and fine-grained runtimes, and nimbly manage new technologies. This paper is an architectural description of mOS. As a prototype is not yet finished, the contributions of this work are a description of mOS's architecture, an exploration of the tradeoffs and value of this approach for the purposes listed above, and a detailed architecture description of each of the six components of mOS, including the tradeoffs we considered. The uptick of OS research work indicates that many view this as an important area for getting to extreme scale. Thus, most importantly, the goal of the paper is to generate discussion in this area at the workshop.
Job satisfaction: validating Dantzker’s four-factor model using structural equation modeling

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the four-factor structure from a job satisfaction instrument. Dantzker’s job satisfaction instrument was designed to capture information on four factors: general administration, extras, job, and equipment. Using data from police officers that are middle management (n = 136), we performed confirmatory factor analysis via structural equation modeling to validate that the four factors are actually capturing job satisfaction. The results of the study show that the four-factor solution fit the model satisfactorily. All of the factor loadings were large expect for one. The results suggest that the four-factor solution has proper validity to use with middle manager police officers. Post hoc simulation analyses (n = 1000 replications) show that no bias in the factor loadings or standard errors was present in this analysis, and the study had sufficient statistical power.
Cultural Universality Versus Particularity in CMC

Abstract Cultural factors are often identified as a crucial influence on the success or failure of information systems in general and computer-mediated communication (CMC) in particular. Several authors have suggested ways in which management can accommodate these factors or solve the problem they pose. This paper attempts to go one step beyond management measures and ask whether there is a theoretical foundation on which one can base the mutual influence of culture and CMC. In order to find such a theoretical basis the paper discusses the question whether there are aspects of culture that are universal or whether culture is always particular. In the course of this discussion the concept of culture is defined and its relationship with technology is analysed. As a solution the paper suggests a Habermasian approach to culture which sees a universal background to particular cultures in the structure of communication which creates and sustains culture. The paper then tries to give an outlook how such a Habermasian theory of culture can enable designers and users of CMC to reflect on their activity and improve the quality and reach of CMC.
Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in the Prolonged Regulation of Renal Function

Abstract—The role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the prolonged regulation of renal function was evaluated during changes in sodium intake and reduction of NO synthesis. It was evaluated in conscious dogs by administering a selective inhibitor (nimesulide) during 8 consecutive days. Nimesulide administration to dogs with normal or high sodium load did not modify glomerular filtration rate but reduced renal blood flow (16%;P <0.05). The vasoconstriction elicited by COX-2 inhibition was greater when NO production was inhibited because glomerular filtration rate decreased by >25% when nimesulide was administered to dogs with a reduced NO synthesis. During low sodium intake, COX-2 inhibition elicited a decrease (P <0.05) of both glomerular filtration rate (34%) and renal blood flow (31%). Sodium excretion only decreased (P <0.05) during the first day of COX-2 inhibition in dogs with normal or high sodium load. The increase in plasma potassium levels elicited by COX-2 inhibition was greater in dogs with low sodium intake and was enhanced when NO production was inhibited. This change in potassium was not secondary to a decrease in plasma aldosterone levels. The results of this study suggest that COX-2–derived metabolites (1) play a more important role in the long-term regulation of renal hemodynamic when sodium intake is low, (2) protect the renal vasculature from the vasoconstriction secondary to a reduction in NO, (3) are only acutely involved in regulating urinary sodium excretion, and (4) play a more important role in regulating plasma potassium concentration when NO synthesis is reduced.
A comparison of navigation system based on P300 BCI and SSVEP BCI

A navigation system based on P300 brain computer interface system (BCIs) and steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) BCIs respectively was designed in this paper. In the experiment, subjects were required to move a ball on the computer screen to the target position by P300 BCI system and SSVEP BCI system. Bayesian linear discriminant analysis (BLDA) is used to detect P300 potentials and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is used to detect SSVEP. The aim of this paper is to show the drawbacks and advantages of these two BCIs, when they were used in navigation task. The online experimental results show that P300 BCIs is more robust for subjects compared to SSVEP BCIs.
Image Retrieval with Scale Invariant Visual Phrases

SUMMARY We propose a retrieval method using scale invariant visual phrases (SIVPs). Our method encodes spatial information into the SIVPs which capture translation, rotation and scale invariance, and employs the SIVPs to determine the spatial correspondences between query image and database image. To compute the spatial correspondences e ﬃ ciently, the SIVPs are introduced into the inverted index, and SIVP veriﬁcation is investigated to reﬁne the candidate images returned from inverted index. Experimental results demonstrate that our method improves the retrieval accuracy while increasing the retrieval e ﬃ ciency.
Longitudinal axis of the hippocampus: Both septal and temporal poles of the hippocampus support water maze spatial learning depending on the training protocol

It has been suggested previously that 30% sparing of the hippocampus is enough to support spatial learning of a reference memory task in a water maze provided the spared tissue is located septally (Moser et al. 1995, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:9697–9701). Therefore, the temporal hippocampus may not be involved in spatial memory. Place cells are also found in this part of the structure, and it has been suggested that these place cells have larger, less well‐tuned place fields than are found in the septal hippocampus. We tested the possibility that the temporal hippocampus might be involved in spatial learning when the animals are required to distinguish between different contexts. Experiment 1 was a replication of the findings reported by Moser et al., using their protocol (8 trials/day, 6 days) and the groups with 20–40% hippocampus spared septally or temporally (volume assessed by quantitative volumetric techniques). In experiment 2, rats with also 20–40% sparing of the hippocampus either septally or temporally were trained in two water maze concurrently (four trials/day/water maze, 8 days). Rats with 20–40% hippocampus spared temporally were able to learn the two water maze tasks normally, and no difference was observed between rats with septal and temporal hippocampus spared across different measures of performance. In experiment 3, rats with 20–40% hippocampus spared septally or temporally were trained in one water maze as in experiment 1, but using a spaced training protocol similar to that of experiment 2 (four trials/day, 8 days). Rats with temporal hippocampus spared developed a preference for the training quadrant and acquired levels of performance indistinguishable from those of rats with septal hippocampus spared. The results suggest that the temporal hippocampus can support the learning of two, but also one, spatial water maze reference memory task, provided the training protocol is adequate. Hippocampus 2003;13:587–603. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D roof details by 3D aerial vision

Virtual cities in a 3D GIS will not be complete without the details of roofs with chimneys, dormer windows, skylights. We contribute a method of extracting such details from digital large format aerial photography. The dense point clouds produced by a photogrammetric process produce major and minor plane surfaces of a roof and enter into a classification of its superstructures. In real city data with a total of 1312 superstructures the proposed automated process finds 1024, thus achieving success at a rate of 78%.
Diversity of Cacao Trees in Waslala, Nicaragua: Associations between Genotype Spectra, Product Quality and Yield Potential

The sensory quality and the contents of quality-determining chemical compounds in unfermented and fermented cocoa from 100 cacao trees (individual genotypes) representing groups of nine genotype spectra (GG), grown at smallholder plantings in the municipality of Waslala, Nicaragua, were evaluated for two successive harvest periods. Cocoa samples were fermented using a technique mimicking recommended on-farm practices. The sensory cocoa quality was assessed by experienced tasters, and seven major chemical taste compounds were quantified by near infrared spectrometry (NIRS). The association of the nine, partially admixed, genotype spectra with the analytical and sensory quality parameters was tested. The individual parameters were analyzed as a function of the factors GG and harvest (including the date of fermentation), individual trees within a single GG were used as replications. In fermented cocoa, significant GG-specific differences were observed for methylxanthines, theobromine-to-caffeine (T/C) ratio, total fat, procyanidin B5 and epicatechin, as well as the sensory attributes global score, astringency, and dry fruit aroma, but differences related to harvest were also apparent. The potential cocoa yield was also highly determined by the individual GG, although there was significant tree-to-tree variation within every single GG. Non-fermented samples showed large harvest-to-harvest variation of their chemical composition, while differences between GG were insignificant. These results suggest that selection by the genetic background, represented here by groups of partially admixed genotype spectra, would be a useful strategy toward enhancing quality and yield of cocoa in Nicaragua. Selection by the GG within the local, genetically segregating populations of seed-propagated cacao, followed by clonal propagation of best-performing individuals of the selected GG could be a viable alternative to traditional propagation of cacao by seed from open pollination. Fast and gentle air-drying of the fermented beans and their permanent dry storage were an efficient and comparatively easy precondition for high cocoa quality.
Two-Dimensional Bumps in Piecewise Smooth Neural Fields with Synaptic Depression

We analyze radially symmetric bumps in a two-dimensional piecewise-smooth neural field model with synaptic depression. The continuum dynamics is described in terms of a nonlocal integrodifferential equation, in which the integral kernel represents the spatial distribution of synaptic weights between populations of neurons whose mean firing rate is taken to be a Heaviside function of local activity. Synaptic depression dynamically reduces the strength of synaptic weights in response to increases in activity. We show that in the case of a Mexican hat weight distribution, sufficiently strong synaptic depression can destabilize a stationary bump solution that would be stable in the absence of depression. Numerically it is found that the resulting instability leads to the formation of a traveling spot. The local stability of a bump is determined by solutions to a system of pseudolinear equations that take into account the sign of perturbations around the circular bump boundary.
Developing Phonemic Awareness in Young Children.

Most children enter kindergarten with a substantial vocabulary and ade quate syntax. In addition, they have a sufficient command of most of the phonemes that constitute their language; that is, they can pronounce most sounds clearly (Singer, 1979). The aspect of language that these young children typically lack, however, is phonemic awareness, an understanding that speech is composed of a series of individual sounds. Cat, in other words, is simply cat, a furry animal that purrs. Young children are unaware that the spoken utterance cat is a word that is made up of a series of sounds, or phonemes, /k/, /a/, and Itl (see Adams, 1990, for a thorough discussion of phonemic awareness). Whether or not a child is phonemically aware can be determined through a variety of tasks (Lewkowicz, 1980; Yopp, 1988). One task requires that the child blend a series of orally presented sounds together to form a word. For instance, given the separate sounds /r/-/u/-/n/, the child should respond with the word run. Or, a child might be asked to tell what sound he or she hears at the beginning, middle, or end of a spoken word. What sound do you hear at the end of the word stop? What sound do you hear at the beginning of the word kite? Another more difficult task re
Deaf and Hearing-Impaired Lesbians and Gay Males

Abstract This nationwide exploratory study describes the social support systems of 43 gay men (n = 19) and lesbians (n = 24) with hearing impairments of varying degrees. It examines the configuration and function of these support systems on both an ongoing basis and in the event of a crisis. Data from this sample of relatively young, healthy, well educated, professional, mostly profoundly deaf lesbian women and gay men indicate that lesbian or gay male friends or fictive family provide the most support in times of crisis. Further, respondents were well integrated into the gay male and lesbian community as well as the heterosexual community where they sought and received social services. Although not particularly religious, respondents were politically liberal and tended to vote for candidates that openly supported lesbian and gay male issues. Open and honest about their sexual orientation, most respondents were in long term relationships with same-sex partners and had few disabilities other than hearing loss. Data further demonstrate that social workers working with deaf or hearing-impaired clients must consider the aspects of community (both the gay and lesbian community and the deaf community), use appropriate communication techniques, and employ an empowerment approach to best meet the needs of this population.
Human DNA polymerase β polymorphism, Arg137Gln, impairs its polymerase activity and interaction with PCNA and the cellular base excision repair capacity

DNA polymerase β (Pol β) is a key enzyme in DNA base excision repair, and an important factor for maintaining genome integrity and stability. More than 30% of human tumors characterized to date express DNA Pol β variants, many of which result from a single nucleotide residue substitution. However, in most cases, their precise functional deficiency and relationship to cancer susceptibility are still unknown. In the current work, we show that a polymorphism encoding an arginine to glutamine substitution, R137Q, has lower polymerase activity. The substitution also affects the interaction between Pol β and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). These defects impair the DNA repair capacity of Pol β in reconstitution assays, as well as in cellular extracts. Expression of wild-type Pol β in pol β−/− mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells restored cellular resistance to DNA damaging reagents such as methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), while expression of R137Q in pol β−/− MEF cells failed to do so. These data indicate that polymorphisms in base excision repair genes may contribute to the onset and development of cancers.