Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Markov Random Fields to Associative Memories and Back: Spin-Glass Markov Random Fields

In this paper we propose a fully connected energy function for Markov Random Field (MRF) modeling which is inspired by Spin-Glass Theory (SGT). Two major tasks in MRF modeling are how to define the neighborhood system for irregular sites and how to choose the energy function for a proper encoding of constraints. The proposed energy function offers two major advantages that makes it possible to avoid MRF modeling problems in the case of irregular sites. First, full connectivity makes the neighborhood definition irrelevant, and second, the energy function is defined independently of the considered application. A basic assumption in SGT is the infinite dimension of the configuration space in which the energy is defined; the choice of a particular energy function, which depends on the scalar product between configurations, allows us to use a kernel function in the energy formulation; this solves the problem of high dimensionality and makes it possible to use SGT results in an MRF framework. We call this new model Spin GlassMarkov Random Field (SG-MRF). Experiments on textures and objects database show the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model.
Recovering "Lack of Words" in Text Categorization for Item Banks

PKIP, patterned keywords in phrase, is our feature selection approach to text categorization (TC) for item banks. An item bank is a collection of textual data in which each item consists of short sentences and has only a few relevant words for categorization. Traditional TC techniques cannot provide sufficiently accurate results because of a "lack of words" problem. PKIP improves categorization accuracy and recovers from the "lack of words" problem. Our sample item bank is the collection of Thai primary mathematics problems and we use SVM as our classifier. Classification results show that PKIP produces acceptable classification performance.
Study on classification rules of hypertension based on decision tree

To extract classification rules of hypertension more effectively, the C4.5 decision tree algorithm was put forward. Firstly, C4.5 algorithm was used to analyse pre-processed hypertension data and a decision tree model was constructed. Then, the understandable classification rules were extracted and the maintaining method was used to test the accuracy of the classification results. Finally, the improved C4.5 algorithm was proposed to amend the information gain of the selected attribute by introducing the concept of correlation. The improved decision tree model more conforms to the medical understanding and the classification accuracy was also improved. The experiment results show that the improved algorithm was effective.
Co-operative Evaluation of a Desktop Virtual Reality System

A summative usability evaluation of a desktop virtual reality (VR) s ystem was developed and a preliminary study then conducted. The purpose of the study was twofold. Firstly, to test whether the traditional evaluation technique, co-operative evaluation, is effective in the evaluation of desktop VR systems. Co-ope rative evaluation is a variation on a ‘think-aloud’ verbal protocol, whereby, in addi tion to concurrently 'thinking-aloud', users are encouraged to ask any questions about an evaluation, relating to the computer-based system, the application, or the tasks that they are required to perform during the evaluation. As well as this, the evaluator may ask questions of the user at any time during the evaluati on. Results from the study indicate that this additional probing technique enables an e valuator to elicit further usability problems that may not have otherwise been exteriorized by the user. Additionally, a method is developed which attempts to turn round the qualitative 'think-aloud' type data into quantitative data. This provides a w ay of evaluating empirical 'think-aloud' evaluation methods and will be useful for comparing their effectiveness to evaluate 3D virtual reality syst em . Secondly, attempts were made to capture a user’s awareness of the spa tial layout of virtual environment (VE) and the objects and their positions within the VE. Howeve r, problems with the methods that were employed in the evaluation are ide ntified, and suggestions that may inform future evaluations are made in an attem pt o capture more directly a user's awareness of the spatial layout of a VE.
Enhanced Method for the Signature Adaptability to the Application Behavior

Predicting performance of parallel applications using benchmarks is becoming more complex. Each parallel application has different behavior and it is difficult to know which is the benchmark that most closely resembles the application, therefore the benchmarks have a low representativeness of real programs. We are proposing the users to predict the performance of their applications by generating a signature using a method called Parallel Application Signature for Performance Prediction (PAS2P), which represents the core of their applications. We are presenting an enhanced method for the signature adaptability to the application behavior. Until now, phases were considered independently, each one had a checkpoint, but now we analyze whether they are contiguous and can form a group. This is done by decreasing the storage needed for the signature, slightly increasing the signature execution time in order to predict the performance of the applications thus compensating the execution time of the signature and its size (MB). We show results from building different signatures for the same applications to allow the user to select between different options in order to create the signature.
Expanding the pool of kidney donors: use of kidneys with acute renal dysfunction

ABSTRACT Given the shortage of organs transplantation, some strategies have been adopted by the transplant community to increase the supply of organs. One strategy is the use of expanded criteria for donors, that is, donors aged >60 years or 50 and 59 years, and meeting two or more of the following criteria: history of hypertension, terminal serum creatinine >1.5mg/dL, and stroke as the donor´s cause of death. In this review, emphasis was placed on the use of donors with acute renal failure, a condition considered by many as a contraindication for organ acceptance and therefore one of the main causes for kidney discard. Since these are well-selected donors and with no chronic diseases, such as hypertension, renal disease, or diabetes, many studies showed that the use of donors with acute renal failure should be encouraged, because, in general, acute renal dysfunction is reversible. Although most studies demonstrated these grafts have more delayed function, the results of graft and patient survival after transplant are very similar to those with the use of standard donors. Clinical and morphological findings of donors, the use of machine perfusion, and analysis of its parameters, especially intrarenal resistance, are important tools to support decision-making when considering the supply of organs with renal dysfunction.
Temperament, Joint Engagement, and Language Skills in Toddlers

This study investigated how emotion-regulation would moderate the relationship between shyness and joint engagement and how joint engagement would mediate the relationship between shyness and language skills. Fifty-three mother-child dyads were observed in the laboratory according to the Communication Play Protocol (Adamson & Bakeman, 1999) when the toddlers were 24 and 30 months of age. Mothers completed the Temperament Behavior Assessment QuestionnaireRevised (Rothbart & Goldsmith, unpublished). Toddlers also completed the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III (PPVT-III; Dunn & Dunn, 1997) and Expressive Vocabulary Test (EVT; Williams, 1997). The relationship between shyness and the percentage of time spent in non-symbolinfused coordinated joint engagement was moderated by a toddler’s ability to self-soothe. Shyer toddlers had significantly lower receptive language scores than less shy toddlers, and this relationship was partially mediated by the percentage of time toddlers spent in symbol-infused supported and coordinated joint engagement states. INDEX WORDS: Temperament, Shyness, Emotion-regulation, Language Skills, Joint Engagement TEMPERAMENT, JOINT ENGAGEMENT, AND LANUGAGE SKILLS IN TODDLERS
Adducts of Oxylipin Electrophiles to Glutathione Reflect a 13 Specificity of the Downstream Lipoxygenase Pathway in the Tobacco Hypersensitive Response

The response to reactive electrophile species (RES) is now considered as part of the plant response to pathogen and insect attacks. Thanks to a previously established high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methodology, we have investigated the production of oxylipin RES adducts to glutathione (GSH) during the hypersensitive response (HR) of plants. We have observed that RES conjugation to GSH in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves is facile and nonspecific. In cryptogein-elicited tobacco leaves, we show that the oxylipin RES adducts to GSH are produced in correlation with GSH consumption, increase in glutathione S-transferase activity, and the appearance of the cell death symptoms. In this model, the adducts arise mainly from the downstream 13 lipoxygenase (LOX) metabolism, although the induced 9 LOX pathway leads massively to the accumulation of upstream metabolites. The main adducts were obtained from 2-hexenal and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid. They accumulate transiently as 1-hexanol-3-GSH, a reduced adduct, and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid-GSH, respectively. RES conjugation does not initiate cell death but explains part of the GSH depletion that accompanies HR cell death. The nature of these GSH conjugates shows the key role played by the 13 LOX pathway in RES signaling in the tobacco HR.
Towards semantic-based overlap measures for question-answering

In this paper we present an evaluation of overlap-based measures of similarity for sentences in the same language. The measures include syntactic and semantic information, and to that end they incorporate grammatical relations and ﬂat logical forms. A full parser is required to build the above information. Separate extrinsic evaluations within the context of question answering have been made with two different parsers to test the impact of the parser and the overlap measures.
Comparative pathology of rhesus macaque and common marmoset animal models with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), which is caused by a newly discovered coronavirus (CoV), has recently emerged. It causes severe viral pneumonia and is associated with a high fatality rate. However, the pathogenesis, comparative pathology and inflammatory cell response of rhesus macaques and common marmosets experimentally infected with MERS-CoV are unknown. We describe the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings from rhesus macaque and common marmoset animal models of MERS-CoV infection. The main histopathological findings in the lungs of rhesus macaques and common marmosets were varying degrees of pulmonary lesions, including pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, haemorrhage, degeneration and necrosis of the pneumocytes and bronchial epithelial cells, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The characteristic inflammatory cells in the lungs of rhesus macaques and common marmosets were eosinophils and neutrophils, respectively. Based on these observations, the lungs of rhesus macaques and common marmosets appeared to develop chronic and acute pneumonia, respectively. MERS-CoV antigens and viral RNA were identified in type I and II pneumocytes, alveolar macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells, and ultrastructural observations showed that viral protein was found in type II pneumocytes and inflammatory cells in both species. Correspondingly, the entry receptor DDP4 was found in type I and II pneumocytes, bronchial epithelial cells, and alveolar macrophages. The rhesus macaque and common marmoset animal models of MERS-CoV can be used as a tool to mimic the oncome of MERS-CoV infections in humans. These models can help to provide a better understanding of the pathogenic process of this virus and to develop effective medications and prophylactic treatments.
Coding livecoding

Livecoding is an artistic programming practice in which an artist's low-level interaction can be observed with sufficiently high fidelity to allow for transcription and analysis. This paper presents the first reported "coding" of livecoding videos. From an identified corpus of videos available on the web, we coded performances of two different livecoding artists, recording both the (textual) programming edit events and the musical effect of these edits. Our analysis includes a novel, transition-matrix visualisation of the textual and musical dimensions of this data to create a "performer fingerprint". We show how detailed transcriptions of livecoding videos can be made which, we hope, will provide a foundation for further research into describing and understanding livecoding.
Does ethnic identification promote integration into the larger society? A study of youth in Oslo

This paper uses survey data from Oslo to examine whether strong ethnic identification helps or hinders the integration of adolescents from immigrant families into the larger Norwegian society. Dependent variables are openness to other ethnic groups than one’s own, educational achievement, and positive self-concept. The findings are generally positive for the integration of adolescents with immigrant parents in Oslo. In particular, ethnic identification is positively associated with socio-cultural openness to ethnic others, and with having a positive self-concept. However, ethnic identification does not appear to facilitate educational achievement. Nor does it generally appear to do so when it is combined with strong openness to ethnic others.
Human RPE melanosomes protect from photosensitized and iron-mediated oxidation but become pro-oxidant in the presence of iron upon photodegradation.

PURPOSE To determine the effects of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell pigment granules on photosensitized and iron ion-mediated oxidation and the effect of the photodegradation of melanosomes on their antioxidant properties. METHODS RPE cells were isolated from human and bovine eyes; pigmented and nonpigmented bovine retinal pigment epithelia were isolated separately. Melanosomes, melanolipofuscin, and lipofuscin granules were isolated from human RPE donors older than 60. Melanosomes were photodegraded by exposure to blue light. Oxidation of RPE cells or of linoleate was induced by iron/ascorbate in the presence and absence of pigment granules. The photosensitized oxidation of histidine was induced by blue light irradiation of cationic porphyrin. The progress of oxidation was monitored by electron spin resonance oximetry. RESULTS Iron/ascorbate induced rapid oxidation in suspensions of nonpigmented bovine RPE cells. The rates of oxidation were diminished approximately four times in suspensions of pigmented bovine RPE cells. Adding bovine melanosomes or synthetic melanin to nonpigmented bovine RPE cells resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in the rate of oxidation to levels similar to those of pigmented bovine retinal pigment epithelium. Human melanosomes exerted a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on photosensitized and iron-mediated oxidation. Photodegradation of human melanosomes led to loss of the inhibitory effect on iron-mediated oxidation, whereas their ability to inhibit photosensitized oxidation was enhanced. CONCLUSIONS Human melanosomes act as effective antioxidants by preventing iron ion-induced oxidation. Photodegradation of melanosomes results in the loss of these antioxidant properties while it preserves their ability to deactivate cationic photosensitizers.
CppSs - a C++ Library for Efficient Task Parallelism

We present the C++ library CppSs (C++ super-scalar), which provides efficient task-parallelism without the need for special compilers or other software. Any C++ compiler that supports C++11 is sufficient. CppSs features different directionality clauses for defining data dependencies. While the variable argument lists of the taskified functions are evaluated at compile time, the resulting task dependencies are fixed by the runtime value of the arguments and are thus analysed at runtime. With CppSs, we provide task-parallelism using merely native C++.
ITMViz: Interactive Topic Modeling for Source Code Analysis

Topic modeling has seen a surge in use for software comprehension. Although the models inferred from the source code are a great source of knowledge, they fail to fully capture the conceptual relationships between the topics. Here we investigate the use of interactive topic modeling for source code analysis by feeding-in information from the end-users, including developers and architects, to refine the inferred topic models. We have implemented a web-based toolkit called ITMViz to provide support to interpret the topic models, and use the results to cluster modules together. A medium-sized Java project is used to evaluate our approach in understanding the software system.
A Meta‐analysis of Hemodynamic Studies on First and Second Language Processing: Which Suggested Differences Can We Trust and What Do They Mean?

This article presents the results of a meta-analysis of 30 hemodynamic experiments comparing first language (L1) and second language (L2) processing in a range of tasks. The results suggest that reliably stronger activation during L2 processing is found (a) only for task-specific subgroups of L2 speakers and (b) within some, but not all regions that are also typically activated in native language processing. A tentative interpretation based on the functional roles of frontal and temporal regions is suggested.
The chronological development of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltl (Michah).

The Normal Table of Development of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltl was published almost 40 years ago by Gallien and Durocher (1957) and provides a good description of the chronological development of this species. Unfortunately the journal in which the work was published had a very limited circulation and is now difficult to obtain. Gallien and Durocher's table remains valid since it provides both a precise timing and morphological criteria for Pleurodeles development. Our intention, as enthusiastically suggested by Dr. Juan Arechaga. is to update this table by following the development of the embryo with light and electron microscopy photographs. which reproduce faithfully the embryo morphology. The staging remains as defined in Gallien and Durocher's table on the basis of development at 18'C. with the exception of the larval stages. which have been reexamined and restaged. Since laboratory temperature may vary. the times give only a rough indication of developmental speed.
Structural Verification in Minimal Time

During the design process of a complex system on chip most time is spent on the verification task. Structural verification is one of the primary strategies for testing. The authors present a method, where the structural testing effort is minimised. This is based on an algorithm, which identifies a set of linearly independent paths of a control flow graph together with a shortest path search. An example is given, where the effort for structural testing can be reduced by more than 40%
The Psychology of Talent: Exploring and Exploding the Myths

Table of Contents (preliminary) Chapter 1: The Meaning and the Psychology of Talent Chapter 2: The Winning Team Chapter 3: Black Boxes and Dark Arts Chapter 4: Methodologies for Understanding Talent Chapter 5: Received Wisdom or Received Ignorance? Chapter 6: Getting Below the Surface: Standards for Talent Chapter 7: Positive Psychology and the Strengths Movement Chapter 8: Assessing Potential and Developing Talent Chapter 9: Moving Forward with Talent
MicroRNAome of Porcine Pre- and Postnatal Development

The domestic pig is of enormous agricultural significance and valuable models for many human diseases. Information concerning the pig microRNAome (miRNAome) has been long overdue and elucidation of this information will permit an atlas of microRNA (miRNA) regulation functions and networks to be constructed. Here we performed a comprehensive search for porcine miRNAs on ten small RNA sequencing libraries prepared from a mixture of tissues obtained during the entire pig lifetime, from the fetal period through adulthood. The sequencing results were analyzed using mammalian miRNAs, the precursor hairpins (pre-miRNAs) and the first release of the high-coverage porcine genome assembly (Sscrofa9, April 2009) and the available expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences. Our results extend the repertoire of pig miRNAome to 867 pre-miRNAs (623 with genomic coordinates) encoding for 1,004 miRNAs, of which 777 are unique. We preformed real-time quantitative PCR (q-PCR) experiments for selected 30 miRNAs in 47 tissue-specific samples and found agreement between the sequencing and q-PCR data. This broad survey provides detailed information about multiple variants of mature sequences, precursors, chromosomal organization, development-specific expression, and conservation patterns. Our data mining produced a broad view of the pig miRNAome, consisting of miRNAs and isomiRs and a wealth of information of pig miRNA characteristics. These results are prelude to the advancement in pig biology as well the use of pigs as model organism for human biological and biomedical studies.
Test-Suite-Based Analog/RF Test Time Reduction Using Canonical Correlation

High-cost specification tests of analog/RF devices have become a bottle-neck in reducing the overall cost of high-volume manufacturing (HVM) of systems on chip (SoCs) due to lengthy testing time and expensive test equipment. Especially for fabless semiconductor companies, test time reduction (TTR) is becoming an important priority for developing cost-effective design and manufacturing flow of SoCs. Toward this end, numerous approaches have been developed. In this paper, we point out an important practical issue in implementing feature-selection-based low-cost analog/RF test scheme: in HVM, similar specification tests are often bundled as test suites, which are tested as a whole function by automatic test equipment. Removing some tests in one test suite does not provide much saving on device testing time. We then propose a test-suite-based analog/RF TTR approach using canonical correlation, which aims at identifying correlations between two multivariate sets. We further enhance the incurred test escape by applying a data-driven defect-oriented approach. Experimental results in high-volume industrial data confirm the superiority of the proposed approach over existing methods in terms of both TTR and defective parts per million level.