Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Confusion and misinformation on financial chaos

n his second book on chaos and nonlinearity, Edgar Peters attempts to tackle a broader range of questions than in his previous book. He has improved some of his techniques and added some new tests. He goes after a bold goal of developing tests that will distinguish among independent processes, nonlinear stochastic processes, and nonlinear deterministic processes. Unfortunately, the book comes up short on this difficult task. We are left feeling quite sure that stock prices are not completely random, but just what they are doing, and what theory will describe them, is still unknown. Peters begins his study by layingout some puzzles from financial time series. Documenting empirical puzzles is always a good place to start, and Peters gets most of the facts right here, but his interpretation of his results is occasionally off the mark. He documents the presence of “fat tails,” or too many extreme events, in many financial series. This fact is an important puzzle from financial markets, but there are many possible explanations that Peters doesn’t mention here. Among these are the mixtures of distributions hypothesis of Clark [I] . This holds that much of the fat-tailed structure is attributable to the fact that information may be arriving at different rates, and calendar and clock times don’t move in step with each other. This is closely related to the large body of work on changing volatilities surveyed in Bollerslev et al. [2]. Peters also documents what he calls a “volatility term structure. ” This basically looks at the expansion of return standard deviations as we go to longer horizons, expanding from daily, to weekly, to monthly returns. For a random walk process, the variance increases linearly as the time horizon over which returns are measured is increased. In his figures he sees some weak deviations from random walk behavior, but it is difficult to judge significance. These results are replicating the application of a similar but more deFractal Market Hypothesis is given along with some commentary on the development of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH), the long standing equilibrium theory that price movements are unpredictable. I agrce with some of Peters’ criticisms of EMH. Among these are its inability to deal with traders with different horizons or the delicate interrelations between technical and fundamental analysis. However, Peters’ replacement, the Fractal Market Hytailed test in Lo and MacKinlay [3] . Assuming these two results are true, what can we say about asset price series in terms of chaos, fractals, and nonlinearity? Actually, not all that much. These facts may be loosely connected to these types of processes, but they are also connected to many other more mundane stochastic processes too. pothesis (FMH), remains a bit vacuous. The FMH is designed to handle the behavior of traders with different
POS: A Popularity-based Online Scaling scheme for RAID-structured storage systems

The ever-increasing demand of storage capability leads to scaling requirement in RAID-structured storage systems. Previous approaches to RAID scaling mainly focus on minimizing data migration, without considering the user-level application accesses. However, the mixed scaling I/Os and user accesses in practical systems will interfere with each other, which results in significant performance degradation of both the data migration time and the user response time. In this paper, we divide the whole storage space into multiple zones and measure the popularity (mainly using the metric of access frequency) of each zone. Based on the measured popularity, we propose an online scheme, namely Popularity-based Online Scaling (POS), to scale RAID-structured storage systems. The main idea of POS is to scale storage areas with high popularity first so as to better exploit workload locality. POS can efficiently alleviate the performance degradation of user response time and data migration time during the scaling process. It can be readily deployed atop various conventional RAID scaling approaches to improve their performance. To evaluate the performance of POS, we implement FastScale and FastScale with POS (POS-FS) in the same system. Through extensive benchmark studies on real-system workloads, we show that POS can efficiently reduce the response time to user requests and scaling I/Os and improve the sequentiality of data accesses.
The ring of life hypothesis for eukaryote origins is supported by multiple kinds of data

The literature is replete with manuscripts describing the origin of eukaryotic cells. Most of the models for eukaryogenesis are either autogenous (sometimes called slow-drip), or symbiogenic (sometimes called big-bang). In this article, we use large and diverse suites of ‘Omics' and other data to make the inference that autogeneous hypotheses are a very poor fit to the data and the origin of eukaryotic cells occurred in a single symbiosis.
Lipoprotein metabolism in visceral obesity.

The effect of obesity on peroxisomal beta oxidation has been studied previously only in the liver of genetically obese animals. We measured activity of peroxisomal acyl CoA oxidase (ACO) in livers, hearts and rectus femoris muscles of gold-thioglucose treated obese mice (n = 17) and control mice (n = 8). Since production of H2O2 by ACO could contribute to oxidative stress, activities of H2O2-metabolizing enzymes, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, were also measured. ACO activity was assayed using dichlorofluorescein and peroxidase as detectors of H2O2. ACO activity was higher in the obese liver and skeletal muscles than in their respective controls, while the heart ACO activity was unaltered. The activities of H2O2-metabolizing enzymes were unchanged or tended to be decreased in the obese tissues. There was a close correlation between the body weight and ACO activity in both liver and rectus femoris muscles. The ACO activity in the liver also correlated with the liver triacylglycerol content. These results suggest that the activation of peroxisomal beta oxidation occurring in both hepatic and extrahepatic obese tissues is closely linked to weight gain (i.e. non-genetic in nature), but that this does not enhance oxidative stress detected as reactive change of the defense system against H2O2.
Hardware-friendly bi-exponential fluorescence lifetime imaging algorithms and phasor approaches

A newly developed hardware-friendly non-iterative fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) analysis method was verified in an FPGA chip. Its performances were also demonstrated on two-photon FLIM images of gold nanorods (GNRs)-Cy5 labelled Hela cells. The results obtained by the proposed method can be presented in a polor plot to be compared to the widely used phasor (Phasor) approach. Combining our method with Phasor will be very useful in FLIM analysis.
Group Delay Management and Multiinput Multioutput Signal Processing in Mode-Division Multiplexing Systems

Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) for mode-division multiplexing (MDM) may have high complexity, owing to a plurality of modes and a potentially long group delay (GD) spread in multimode fiber (MMF). This paper addresses the management of GD in MMF and its implications for the complexity and performance of MIMO DSP. First, we review the generalized Jones and Stokes representations for modeling propagation in MMF, and describe key GD properties derived using the two representations. Then, we describe three approaches for GD management: 1) optimized fiber design, 2) mode coupling, and 3) GD compensation. For approach 1), we explain design principles for minimizing the GD spread. We review experimental results to date, showing that fabrication nonidealities significantly increase the GD spread, and this approach alone may not achieve sufficiently low GD spread. For approach 2), we describe mechanisms for inducing intragroup and intergroup coupling. We describe mode scrambler designs based on photonic lanterns or long-period fiber gratings, both of which can ensure strong intergroup coupling. For approach 3), we review GD-compensated system design principles and show that GD compensation is only partially effective in the presence of random intragroup or intergroup coupling. Finally, we provide an overview of adaptive MIMO frequency-domain equalization algorithms. Considering tradeoffs between complexity, performance, and adaptation time, we show that the GD spread is a key factor determining the feasibility of MIMO DSP, and its feasibility requires judicious GD management.
Induction of mutant dynamin specifically blocks endocytic coated vesicle formation

Dynamin is the mammalian homologue to the Drosophila shibire gene product. Mutations in this 100-kD GTPase cause a pleiotropic defect in endocytosis. To further investigate its role, we generated stable HeLa cell lines expressing either wild-type dynamin or a mutant defective in GTP binding and hydrolysis driven by a tightly controlled, tetracycline- inducible promoter. Overexpression of wild-type dynamin had no effect. In contrast, coated pits failed to become constricted and coated vesicles failed to bud in cells overexpressing mutant dynamin so that endocytosis via both transferrin (Tfn) and EGF receptors was potently inhibited. Coated pit assembly, invagination, and the recruitment of receptors into coated pits were unaffected. Other vesicular transport pathways, including Tfn receptor recycling, Tfn receptor biosynthesis, and cathepsin D transport to lysosomes via Golgi-derived coated vesicles, were unaffected. Bulk fluid-phase uptake also continued at the same initial rates as wild type. EM immunolocalization showed that membrane-bound dynamin was specifically associated with clathrin-coated pits on the plasma membrane. Dynamin was also associated with isolated coated vesicles, suggesting that it plays a role in vesicle budding. Like the Drosophila shibire mutant, HeLa cells overexpressing mutant dynamin accumulated long tubules, many of which remained connected to the plasma membrane. We conclude that dynamin is specifically required for endocytic coated vesicle formation, and that its GTP binding and hydrolysis activities are required to form constricted coated pits and, subsequently, for coated vesicle budding.
Hypertension-associated point mutations in the adducin alpha and beta subunits affect actin cytoskeleton and ion transport.

The adducin heterodimer is a protein affecting the assembly of the actin-based cytoskeleton. Point mutations in rat adducin alpha (F316Y) and beta (Q529R) subunits are involved in a form of rat primary hypertension (MHS) associated with faster kidney tubular ion transport. A role for adducin in human primary hypertension has also been suggested. By studying the interaction of actin with purified normal and mutated adducin in a cell-free system and the actin assembly in rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK-52E) transfected with mutated rat adducin cDNA, we show that the adducin isoforms differentially modulate: (a) actin assembly both in a cell-free system and within transfected cells; (b) topography of alpha V integrin together with focal contact proteins; and (c) Na-K pump activity at V(max) (faster with the mutated isoforms, 1281 +/- 90 vs 841 +/- 30 nmol K/h.mg pt., P < 0.0001). This co-modulation suggests a role for adducin in the constitutive capacity of the epithelia both to transport ions and to expose adhesion molecules. These findings may also lead to the understanding of the relation between adducin polymorphism and blood pressure and to the development of new approaches to the study of hypertension-associated organ damage.
Strength increase after whole-body vibration compared with resistance training.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate and to compare the effect of a 12-wk period of whole-body vibration training and resistance training on human knee-extensor strength. METHODS Sixty-seven untrained females (21.4 +/- 1.8 yr) participated in the study. The whole-body vibration group (WBV, N = 18) and the placebo group (PL, N = 19) performed static and dynamic knee-extensor exercises on a vibration platform. The acceleration of the vibration platform was between 2.28 g and 5.09 g, whereas only 0.4 g for the PL condition. Vibration (35-40 Hz) resulted in increased EMG activity, but the EMG signal remained unchanged in the PL condition. The resistance-training group (RES, N = 18) trained knee extensors by dynamic leg-press and leg-extension exercises (10-20 RM). All training groups exercised 3x wk-1. The control group (CO, N = 12) did not participate in any training. Pre- and postisometric, dynamic, and ballistic knee-extensor strength were measured by means of a motor-driven dynamometer. Explosive strength was determined by means of a counter-movement jump. RESULTS Isometric and dynamic knee-extensor strength increased significantly (P < 0.001) in both the WBV group (16.6 +/- 10.8%; 9.0 +/- 3.2%) and the RES group (14.4 +/- 5.3%; 7.0 +/- 6.2%), respectively, whereas the PL and CO group showed no significant (P > 0.05) increase. Counter-movement jump height enhanced significantly (P < 0.001) in the WBV group (7.6 +/- 4.3%) only. There was no effect of any of the interventions on maximal speed of movement, as measured by means of ballistic tests. CONCLUSIONS WBV, and the reflexive muscle contraction it provokes, has the potential to induce strength gain in knee extensors of previously untrained females to the same extent as resistance training at moderate intensity. It was clearly shown that strength increases after WBV training are not attributable to a placebo effect.
Heritable Multiplex Genetic Engineering in Rats Using CRISPR/Cas9

The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been proven to be an efficient gene-editing tool for genome modification of cells and organisms. Multiplex genetic engineering in rat holds a bright future for the study of complex disease. Here, we show that this system enables the simultaneous disruption of four genes (ApoE, B2m, Prf1, and Prkdc) in rats in one-step, by co-injection of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNAs into fertilized eggs. We further observed the gene modifications are germline transmittable, and confirmed the off-target mutagenesis and mosaicism are rarely detected by comprehensive analysis. Thus, the CRISPR/Cas9 system makes it possible to efficiently and reliably generate gene knock-out rats.
Recognition Networks for Approximate Inference in BN20 Networks

A recognition network is a multilayer perception (MLP) trained to predict posterior maxginals given observed evidence in a particulax Bayesian network. The input to the MLP is a vector of the states of the evidential nodes. The activity of an output unit is interpreted as a prediction of the posterior marginal of the corresponding variable. The MLP is trained using samples generated from the corresponding Bayesian network. We evaluate a recognition network that was trained to do inference in a large Bayesian network, similax in structure and complexity to the Quick Medical Reference, Decision Theoretic (QMR-DT) network. Our network is a binary, two-layer, noisy-OR (BN20) network containing over 4000 potentially observable nodes and over 600 unobservable, hidden nodes. In real medical diagnosis, most observables are unavailable, and there is a complex and unknown process that selects which ones axe provided. We incorporate a very basic type of selection bias in our network: a known preference that available observables are positive rather than negative. Even this simple bias has a significant effect on the posterior. We compare the performance of our recognition network to state-of-the-art approximate inference algorithms on a large set of test cases. In order to evaluate the effect of our simplistic model of the selection bias, we evaluate algorithms using a variety of incorrectly modelled selection biases. Recognition networks perform well using both correct and incorrect selection biases.
“That looks like me or something i can do”: Affordances and constraints in the online identity work of US LGBTQ+ millennials

This article examines how search engines and social‐networking sites enable and constrain the identity‐related information practices of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) millennials in the United States. I employ affordances as a process concept to understand the recursive relationship between individuals and technologies and envision information practices as an outcome of this relationship. Guided by this conceptual framework, I conducted 30 semistructured interviews with LGBTQ+ individuals between the ages of 18 and 38. Data analysis identified 3 key affordances that enable and constrain participants' information practices: visibility, anonymity, and association. The findings indicate that participants are highly skilled in appropriating technological features to engage in desired information practices, such as seeking and creating. However, they also must contend with significant sociocultural barriers encoded into these features, which reinforce hetero‐ and cisnormative identity discourses. Library practitioners and systems designers can use these findings to offer services and systems inclusive of LGBTQ+ populations.
Serianthes nelsonii Seed Germination and Seedling Behavior are Minimally Influenced by Chemical and Light Treatment

The role of seed imbibition and light during germination are not known for the critically endangered Serianthes nelsonii Merr. Scarified seeds were pre-soaked in gibberellic acid (GA3) up to 300 mg/L and nitrate solutions of 3000 mg/L to determine if germination was influenced by these treatments. Scarified and imbibed seeds were incubated in high red:far red and low red:far red light to determine the influence of light quality on germination traits. The GA3 and nitrate treatments did not influence germination percentage or timing, but did increase the height of newly emerged seedlings. Moreover, GA3 extended the longevity of cotyledons and shortened the window of time that seedlings required to resume height growth. These growth responses were not sustained, and all seedlings reached heights of 30 cm at a similar number of weeks. The light treatments did not influence any of the germination response traits. The results indicate that imbibing seeds with chemical solutions and providing light in a range of light quality treatments exerted a minimal influence on S. nelsonii seed germination behaviors. Imbibing seeds with water and germinating in darkness is sufficient for achieving the germination of this endangered tree species.
Study of Jet Shapes in Inclusive Jet Production in p anti-p Collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 TeV

We report on a study of jet shapes in inclusive jet production in pp collisions at √s=1.96 TeV using the upgraded collider detector at Fermilab in Run II (CDF II) and based on an integrated luminosity of 170 pb-1. Measurements are carried out on jets with rapidity 0.1<|Yjet|<0.7 and transverse momentum 37 GeV/c<PTjet<380 GeV/c. The jets have been corrected to the hadron level. The measured jet shapes are compared to leading-order QCD parton-shower Monte Carlo predictions as implemented in the PYTHIA and HERWIG programs. PYTHIA, tuned to describe the underlying event as measured in CDF Run I, provides a better description of the measured jet shapes than does PYTHIA or HERWIG with their default parameters.
Outer dense fibre protein 2 (ODF2) is a self-interacting centrosomal protein with affinity for microtubules

Outer dense fibre protein 2 (ODF2) is a major protein of sperm tail outer dense fibres which are prominent sperm tail-specific cytoskeletal structures. Moreover, ODF2 was also identified as a widespread component of the centrosomal scaffold and was found to associate preferentially with the appendages of the mother centriole [Nakagawa, Y. , Yamane, Y. , Okanoue, T. , Tsukita, S. and Tsukita, S. (2001) Mol. Biol. Cell 12, 1687-1697]. Secondary structure predictions indicated ODF2 as an overall coiled-coil protein with a putative fibre forming capacity. To investigate its potential functions in generating the centrosomal scaffold and in microtubule nucleation we asked whether ODF2 is able to form a fibrillar structure by self-association in vivo and if it interacts with microtubules. By cytological investigation of transfected mammalian cells expressing ODF2-GFP fusion proteins and in vitro coprecipitation assays we could demonstrate that ODF2 is a self-interacting protein that forms a fibrillar structure partially linked to the microtubule network. Microtubule cosedimentation and coprecipitation assays indicated ODF2 as a microtubule-associated protein. However, we could not demonstrate a direct interaction of ODF2 with tubulin, suggesting that binding of endogenous ODF2 to the axonemal as well as to centrosomal microtubules may be mediated by, as yet, unknown proteins.
Expression Analysis of Cytokine and Chemokine Genes during the Natural Course of Murine Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis

C57BL/6 mice were immunized with human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptides to induce experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). From the day of immunization to 30 days later, RNA was isolated daily from the mouse eyes. Dynamic changes in gene expression during the pathogenesis of EAU were analyzed by TaqMan gene expression assay that contained most chemokines/cytokines and their receptors, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family genes, using beta-actin as the endogenous control. Gene clusters based on their expression profiles were analyzed to determine the candidate genes for the pathogenesis of inflammation. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed gene expression during EAU development in seven clustering patterns. Hierarchical cluster analysis also identified four distinct phases in daily expression: entrance, acceleration, deceleration, and remission. Gene expression changes in the EAU active phase showed synergetic upregulation of Th1-type genes (IFN-gamma and CXCL10/IP-10) with elevated Th2-type genes (CCL17/TARC and IL-5). Sequential expression changes of STAT1, STAT6, and STAT3 genes represented the dynamic changes of Th1, Th2, and Th17-type inflammatory genes, respectively. The expression pattern of STAT1 was representative of many gene movements. Our results suggested that coordinated action of Th1, Th2, and Th17 genes and STAT family genes are involved in EAU development and resolution.