Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Identity of the Ant Genera Gesomyrmex Mayr and Dimorphomyrmex Ernest Andre

During the examination o a considerable number of ants collected by Dr. L. G. K. Kalshoven in the teak-forests of Java, I have come upon an undescribed species of Gesomyrmex, represented by a graded series of workers, all taken from a single colony and demonstrating that the singular Formicine genera Gesomyrmex and Dimorphomyrmex are synonymous. I have long surmised this identity, because there are no significant differences among the worker phases, except in the proportions of the head, eyes, clypeus, frontal carinm and mandibles. Even the antennae are the same and consist of only 8 joints in the worker, instead of 12, which is the number observed in the great majority of Formicidae. But hitherto so few specimens of the two genera have been seen and the sexual forms have been so imperfectly known that no definite statements could be made in regard to their affinities. Gesomyrmex was established sixty years ago (1868) by Mayr for a peculiar, large-eyed ant, G. hoernesi, which he found in the Baltic amber, of Lower Oligocene Age. In 1892 Ernest Andr described two extant species of ants taken by Chaper in the Kapoewas Basin, North Borneo. One of them, which he called G. chaperi, was evidently very closely related to the amber form; for the other, which was larger and had a much larger and more rectangular head and smaller eyes, he erected a new genus, Dimorphomyrmex. This form, Dimorphomyrmex janeti, he described as possessing dimorphic
Energy-efficient CPU scheduling for multimedia applications

This article presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of EScheduler, an energy-efficient soft real-time CPU scheduler for multimedia applications running on a mobile device. EScheduler seeks to minimize the total energy consumed by the device while meeting multimedia timing requirements. To achieve this goal, EScheduler integrates dynamic voltage scaling into the traditional soft real-time CPU scheduling: It decides at what CPU speed to execute applications in addition to when to execute what applications. EScheduler makes these scheduling decisions based on the probability distribution of cycle demand of multimedia applications and obtains their demand distribution via online profiling.We have implemented EScheduler in the Linux kernel and evaluated it on a laptop with a variable-speed CPU and typical multimedia codecs. Our experimental results show four findings: first, the cycle demand distribution of our studied codecs is stable or changes slowly. This stability implies the feasibility to perform our proposed energy-efficient scheduling with low overhead. Second, EScheduler delivers soft performance guarantees to these codecs by bounding their deadline miss ratio under the application-specific performance requirements. Third, EScheduler reduces the total energy of the laptop by 14.4% to 37.2% relative to the scheduling algorithm without voltage scaling and by 2% to 10.5% relative to voltage scaling algorithms without considering the demand distribution. Finally, EScheduler saves energy by 2% to 5% by explicitly considering the discrete CPU speeds and the corresponding total power of the whole laptop, rather than assuming continuous speeds and cubic speed-power relationship.
An Efficient on Demand Load Sharing Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks using RSS with Cross Layer Design

: - Ad hoc networks are networks capable of communicating in a set of small, low cost, low power sensing devices. A wireless sensor networks is totally based on the limiting factor i.e. energy consumption. A wireless sensor network consists of large number of sensor nodes distributed or scattered in particular network region. Ad hoc networks consist of node that is highly mobile, so in particular the range of the nodes is very important. Each device in a Ad hoc networks is free to move independently in any direction, and will therefore change its links to other devices frequently. The energy and the bandwidth of such path are of major concern. The lifetime of the network depends upon these parameters. The load sharing is the issue of selection of such optimized paths that are economical, efficient as well as do not allow the network structure to break up in adverse condition. In this paper, we are working on the concept of performance optimization of load sharing routing protocol for Ad hoc networks. , AODV protocol and improved it by using NS-2 simulator. The formula and techniques given in this paper can be used to solve the problem regarding the transmission.
Preclinical Evaluation of Two Human Anti–Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Monoclonal Antibodies in the HBV‐Trimera Mouse Model and in HBV Chronic Carrier Chimpanzees

Two human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) generated in the Trimera mouse system are described. Both mAbs 17.1. 41 and 19.79. 5 are of the IgG1 isotype and have high affinity constants for HBsAg binding in the range of 10−10 mol/L. Monoclonal antibody 17.1. 41 recognizes a conformational epitope on the a determinant of HBsAg whereas mAb 19.79. 5 recognizes a linear one. The 2 mAbs bind to a panel of hepatitis B virus (HBV) subtypes with distinct patterns. The neutralizing activity of these antibodies was tested in 2 different animal model systems. Administration of each mAb to HBV‐Trimera mice, a system that provides a mouse model for human hepatitis B infection, reduced the viral load and the percentage of HBV‐DNA–positive mice in a dose‐dependent manner. These 2 mAbs were more effective than a polyclonal antibody preparation (Hepatect; Biotest Pharma, Dreieich, Germany) in both inhibition of HBV liver infection and reduction of viral load. A single administration of a mixture of these mAbs into HBV chronic carrier chimpanzees resulted in immediate reduction in HBsAg levels followed by recurrence to initial levels within few days. Thus, these mAbs may be potential candidates for preventive therapy or in combination with other antiviral agents against HBV. Further studies in humans are needed to assess these mAbs in various clinical indications.
The Translator’s ‘Magic’ Wand: Harry Potter’s Journey from English into French

Much has been written about the international phenomenon that the Harry Potter series has become and inevitably about the translations that contributed to its success. Eirlys E. Davis’s comparative analysis of some of these translations in particular shows dissimilarities between the strategies adopted in different languages and presents individual translators’ choices as inconsistent. This paper deals almost exclusively with the French translation of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone and reveals that, in the light of the ideological and cultural reality of the receiving corpus, patterns of translation techniques do appear. This paper looks at the transformative strategies and their effects in the target text, first focusing on the treatment of alien British values. Their transformation and disappearance indicate the need to produce a text morally suitable for its assumed readership: French youngsters. Indeed, it seems that the skopos of the target text – being read by French children – determined the translator’s decisions not only to smooth down extreme British otherness but also to reinforce the fantasy of Harry Potter’s world. Indeed, the French creates an utterly “other” world by strengthening its fantastic and magical aspects while undermining the sense of familiarity and credibility of the community portrayed. The shift from a child’s perspective in the original to an adult’s in the translation leads to numerous omissions of banal and realistic details, weakening the realness of the setting and the protagonists. I give textual and extra-textual examples of these transformative strategies which ultimately reduced Harry Potter a l’ecole des sorciers to a fairy tale and shaped the way it was perceived and received in France.
Multi class object recognition with an adaptive confidence: Cascade of weak descriptors for fast hypothesis elimination

This paper points out the fact that object recognition methods are usually too complex for everyday life scenes. A robot helping humans in daily activities will need to recognize hundreds of different objects. In order to filter out unlikely models during recognition we propose the use of a cascade of simple visual descriptors. Our experiments use two global descriptors : spatial and color minimum volume bounding boxes. Results show this simple cascade can discard unlikely models up to 295 out of 300 instances and 50 out of 51 classes.
Understanding Persistence: An Interface of Control Theory and Self-Efficacy Theory

Two current views of behavioral self-regulation (self-efficacy theory and control theory) were tested in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design. Ninety-six undergraduate students were exposed to high and low levels of three between-subjects variables: self-efficacy expectancy, outcome expectancy, and degree of self-awareness. Following an extreme failure on an initial performance task, individuals' persistence on a second, insoluble task was assessed. Results indicated that self-efficacy expectancies were the best predictor of persistence. Unexpectedly, heightened self-awareness did not enhance the saliency of self-efficacy expectancies or outcome expectancies as control theory would predict. Indeed, it was when subjects were not self-aware that high and low outcome expectancies differentially affected persistence. It was suggested that following failure, heightened self-awareness leads to a greater cognizance of negative affect than to relevant expectancies for performance. It is this negative affect, which preclu.
Personal Assertiveness and the Effects of Social Support among College Students.

Although research has established that socially supportive relationships are important factors in psychological adjustment under stress, social support research has not examined the interaction between interpersonal variables and social support. Personal assertiveness in particular is one interpersonal variable that theoretically could enhance the beneficial aspects of social support. Data collected from two independent samples of college students in an urban setting provide evidence that personal assertiveness significantly augments specific types of social relationships to predict psychological symptoms under stressful conditions. It has been repeatedly demonstrated that social support moderates the deleterious effects of stressful encounters for many people. Although this research has been plagued with measurement problems and an inadequate theory-base (Cobb & Jones, 1984; Heitzmann & Kaplan, 1988; Thoits, 1982), a large literature attests that persons who report lower levels or lower quality of existing socially supportive systems have more difficulties with depression and anxiety under stress (Cohen, 1988; Cohen & Wills, 1985). However, several studies have found unexpected negative results of social support among people under duress. These results have been difficult to interpret and integrate, primarily because of the general disregard of personal and interpersonal factors that potentially moderate social support processes. The lack of understanding regarding the role of interpersonal and personal factors in the social support process poses unique problems for counseling interventions. It is generally acknowledged that many group and individual therapies either directly or indirectly have an impact on clients' interpersonal behaviors (Strupp & Binder, 1984; Yalom, 1985), and several researchers have recognized the potential of these treatment modalities to help clients acquire interpersonal skills to access and use naturally existing social support resources (Mallinckrodt, 1989; Rook, 1984a). Recent preliminary work suggests that individual interventions can be enhanced considerably by examining and addressing client perceptions of social support resources (Brown, Brady, Lent, Wolfert, & Hall, 1987), and client progress in group therapy may be marked by improvements in certain types of socially supportive relationships (Mallinckrodt, 1989). Research that clarifies the relationship between interpersonal behavior, social support, and psychological adjustment would have implications for counseling interventions. Traditionally, the social support construct has been used in research methodologies as an independent variable either moderating the effects of stress or related to well-being of subjects under more general conditions. Theoretical debate
INFLUENCE OF STELLAR MULTIPLICITY ON PLANET FORMATION. II. PLANETS ARE LESS COMMON IN MULTIPLE-STAR SYSTEMS WITH SEPARATIONS SMALLER THAN 1500 AU

Almost half of the stellar systems in the solar neighborhood are made up of multiple stars. In multiple-star systems, planet formation is under the dynamical influence of stellar companions, and the planet occurrence rate is expected to be different from that of single stars. There have been numerous studies on the planet occurrence rate of single star systems. However, to fully understand planet formation, the planet occurrence rate in multiple-star systems needs to be addressed. In this work, we infer the planet occurrence rate in multiple-star systems by measuring the stellar multiplicity rate for planet host stars. For a subsample of 56 Kepler planet host stars, we use adaptive optics (AO) imaging and the radial velocity (RV) technique to search for stellar companions. The combination of these two techniques results in high search completeness for stellar companions. We detect 59 visual stellar companions to 25 planet host stars with AO data. Three stellar companions are within 2″ and 27 within 6″. We also detect two possible stellar companions (KOI 5 and KOI 69) showing long-term RV acceleration. After correcting for a bias against planet detection in multiple-star systems due to flux contamination, we find that planet formation is suppressed in multiple-star systems with separations smaller than 1500 AU. Specifically, we find that compared to single star systems, planets in multiple-star systems occur 4.5 ± 3.2, 2.6 ± 1.0, and 1.7 ± 0.5 times less frequently when a stellar companion is present at a distance of 10, 100, and 1000 AU, respectively. This conclusion applies only to circumstellar planets; the planet occurrence rate for circumbinary planets requires further investigation.
ISAC - Instance-Specific Algorithm Configuration

We present a new method for instance-specific algorithm configuration (ISAC). It is based on the integration of the algorithm configuration system GGA and the recently proposed stochastic offline programming paradigm. ISAC is provided a solver with categorical, ordinal, and/or continuous parameters, a training benchmark set of input instances for that solver, and an algorithm that computes a feature vector that characterizes any given instance. ISAC then provides high quality parameter settings for any new input instance. Experiments on a variety of different constrained optimization and constraint satisfaction solvers show that automatic algorithm configuration vastly outperforms manual tuning. Moreover, we show that instance-specific tuning frequently leads to significant speed-ups over instance-oblivious configurations.
Investigation of PDMS-gold nanoparticle composite films for plasmonic sensors

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-gold nanoparticle composite films were synthetized in situ by using a simple method based on the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCh) by the PDMS membrane. The technological parameters which affect the gold nanoparticle formation on the membrane (namely the concentration of the HAuCh solution, the ratio of curing agent, the incubation time and the temperature) were investigated, the resulting nanoparticle films were characterized with optical spectrophotometry. The possibility to utilize the nanocomposite membranes as sensing elements in plasmonics sensors (based on localised surface plasmon resonance — LSPR) and as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates is discussed in detail.
Exercise as Treatment for Alcohol Dependence

Abstract Objective The clinical management of alcohol dependence involves evidence-based knowledge on medical treatment, physical training, and psychological management. This pilot study investigates the effect of physical exercise on cardio-respiratory fitness and socio-psychological outcomes. Design: 10 alcohol patients are included to 12 times moderate intensity exercise in groups. Methods: Aerobic power, anxiety, and depression are measured at baseline and post intervention. Observations of the instructor are described. Results: No significant change of aerobic power, but decreased subjective exhaustion. A trend is shown of decreased depression and less concern. Clinical observations showed the testing environment as obstacle and found the communicative role of the instructor crucial. Conclusion: Future research with regard of adherence has to concentrate on the social and contextual aspects of physical activity as treatment.
Coaching Behaviors, Satisfaction of Needs, and Intrinsic Motivation Among Chinese University Athletes

This cross-sectional study applied self-determination theory to understand the relationship between coaching behaviors, psychological need satisfaction, and intrinsic motivation among young Chinese athletes from 2 universities in Macao, China (N = 208). In the path model with the demographics adjusted, coaching behaviors (training instruction, democratic behaviors, autocratic behaviors, social support, and positive feedback) and need satisfaction (perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness) explained 44% of the variance in intrinsic motivation. We also found indirect effects of some coaching behaviors on intrinsic motivation through satisfying the psychological needs. Furthermore, independent self-construal significantly moderated the relationship between perceived relatedness and intrinsic motivation.
Super-resolution reconstruction in MRI: better images faster?

Improving the resolution in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is always done at the expense of either the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or the acquisition time. This study investigates whether so-called super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) is an advantageous alternative to direct high-resolution (HR) acquisition in terms of the SNR and acquisition time trade-offs. An experimental framework was designed to accommodate the comparison of SRR images with direct high-resolution acquisitions with respect to these trade-offs. The framework consisted, on one side, of an image acquisition scheme, based on theoretical relations between resolution, SNR, and acquisition time, and, on the other side, of a protocol for reconstructing SRR images from a varying number of acquired low-resolution (LR) images. The quantitative experiments involved a physical phantom containing structures of known dimensions. Images reconstructed by three SRR methods, one based on iterative back-projection and two on regularized least squares, were quantitatively and qualitatively compared with direct HR acquisitions. To visually validate the quantitative evaluations, qualitative experiments were performed, in which images of three different subjects (a phantom, an ex-vivo rat knee, and a post-mortem mouse) were acquired with different MRI scanners. The quantitative results indicate that for long acquisition times, when multiple acquisitions are averaged to improve SNR, SRR can achieve better resolution at better SNR than direct HR acquisitions.
Autophagy suppresses age-dependent ischemia and reperfusion injury in livers of mice.

BACKGROUND & AIMS As life expectancy increases, there are greater numbers of patients with liver diseases who require surgery or transplantation. Livers of older patients have significantly less reparative capacity following ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, which occurs during these operations. There are no strategies to reduce the age-dependent I/R injury. We investigated the role of autophagy in the age dependence of sensitivity to I/R injury. METHODS Hepatocytes and livers from 3- and 26-month-old mice were subjected to in vitro and in vivo I/R, respectively. We analyzed changes in autophagy-related proteins (Atg). Mitochondrial dysfunction was visualized using confocal and intravital multi-photon microscopy of isolated hepatocytes and livers from anesthetized mice, respectively. RESULTS Immunoblot, autophagic flux, genetic, and imaging analyses all associated the increase in sensitivity to I/R injury with age with decreased autophagy and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction due to calpain-mediated loss of Atg4B. Overexpression of either Atg4B or Beclin-1 recovered Atg4B, increased autophagy, blocked the onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition, and suppressed cell death after I/R in old hepatocytes. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis of hepatocytes and Atg3-knockout cells showed an interaction between Beclin-1 and Atg3, a protein required for autophagosome formation. Intravital multi-photon imaging revealed that overexpression of Beclin-1 or Atg4B attenuated autophagic defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in livers of older mice after I/R. CONCLUSIONS Loss of Atg4B in livers of old mice increases their sensitivity to I/R injury. Increasing autophagy might ameliorate liver damage and restore mitochondrial function after I/R.
Incidence and prevalence of asthma among adult Finnish men and women of the Finnish Twin Cohort from 1975 to 1990, and their relation to hay fever and chronic bronchitis.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine the prevalence of asthma and hay fever, and the incidence and temporal relationships of asthma, hay fever, and chronic bronchitis among adult twins during a 15-year period. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS A population of 11,540 Finnish adult men and women, initially 18 to 45 years of age, who returned a health questionnaire in 1975, 1981, and 1990 as part of the Finnish Twin Cohort study. METHODS Age-standardized prevalences and cumulative incidences among individuals were calculated for asthma, hay fever, and chronic bronchitis. The incidence of asthma among subjects with and without hay fever or chronic bronchitis was analyzed in the entire cohort as well as in twin pairs discordant for incident asthma. RESULTS The prevalence of asthma increased slightly from 1975 (2.0% in men and 2.2% in women) to 1990 (2.9% in men and 3.1% in women). The prevalence of hay fever showed a larger increase in men and women (from 6.8% and 9.8% to 11.8% and 15.3%, respectively). Compared with figures for 1976 to 1981, no significant increase in asthma incidence occurred from 1982 to 1990, whereas the incidence of hay fever was lower during the latter period among men (incidence rate ratio, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.6 to 0.9) as was the incidence of chronic bronchitis among women (incidence rate ratio, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.6 to 0.9). Hay fever and chronic bronchitis were usually diagnosed before asthma. Both diseases increased the risk of asthma significantly on the basis of analyses of all individuals and of discordant twin pairs. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of increase in asthma and hay fever prevalence with time was similar, and hay fever was a strong predictor of asthma. These diseases showed no significant increase in incidence.