Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Writing Workshop of François Quesnay and the Making of Physiocracy

Using archival materials, we investigate the scientific practices of Francois Quesnay and the individuals who worked with him in relation to their social background. Our contention is that, before 1764, the group of authors who shared Quesnay's commitment to an agrarian economic theory are best described as the “writing workshop” of Francois Quesnay rather than as the “physiocratic” school. Quesnay organized and supervised the work of these individuals, who assisted him in a manner clearly reminiscent of that of workshops of artists from late medieval and early modern Europe. On the one hand, Quesnay tightly controlled the work of those (the Marquis de Mirabeau, Pattullo, Du Pont de Nemours) who published economic writings, correcting and even rewriting whole parts of their texts. On the other hand, he commanded other writers/individuals to collect data and execute and verify calculations, most notably for his tableaux economiques. In other words, the production of political and economic writings was structured by a detailed division of labor organized by Quesnay, who acted as the master of a writing workshop. After the death of Madame de Pompadour, Quesnay's prominent patroness, in 1764, the situation changed. Quesnay's aura of power at court disappeared and with it, his writing workshop. The center of gravity of physiocracy moved from Versailles to Paris, and the workshop was gradually replaced by the physiocratic school.
Reasoned connections: A dual-process perspective on creative thought

A divide exists in the creativity literature as to whether relatively more or less executive processing is beneficial to creative thinking. To explore this issue, we employ an individual differences perspective informed by dual-process theories (DPTs) in which it is assumed that people vary in the extent to which they rely on autonomous (Type 1) or controlled processing (Type 2). We find that those more willing and/or able to engage Type 2 processing are more likely to successfully make creative connections in tasks requiring the unification of disparate elements and the novelty of generated items, but not in some other indices of creativity, namely, cognitive flexibility and fluency. Implications for the role of executive processing in creative thinking are discussed in the context of DPTs. We situate the ability to make remote connections alongside other advanced higher order thinking capabilities that are unique to humans.
Teachers' Opinions About the Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Use of Native Language Minority Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract The results of studies analyzing teachers' opinions about the theoretical and practical aspects of the use of native language instruction for language minority students appear to reflect a clear discrepancy: There is strong support for the underlying theory, while there is less support for its practical implementation. The present study analyzed 218 K–8 teachers' responses to a questionnaire dealing with the aforementioned issue. In addition, the study also examined which factors influenced their opinions, and whether their opinions varied across different grades (K–2nd, 3rd–4th, 5th–8th). Consistent with previous research, support for the theoretical principles underlying the use of the students' native language was strong. Support for its practical implementation was less positive. No clear predictors of attitudes toward the issue being investigated were found. Alongside, no significant variations in opinions were found among the groups in which the teachers were clustered (K–2, 3–4, 5–8). The results of the present study appear to indicate that teachers were guided by their own beliefs at the time of answering the survey. The need for more research in this area is underscored, as is the need to incorporate and take into consideration teachers' personal opinions, feedback, and input at the time of designing teacher preparation programs.
Racialization, social capital, and leisure services

Abstract Leisure services are often seen as a potential source for creating social capital. However, systemic impediments (e.g., racism) must be taken into account. A community‐based study on race relations in a Canadian city is applied to leisure services, and considered in light of a social capital perspective. The study shows that racism must be addressed for social capital, and social cohesion, to be fostered. Suggestions are made for leisure professionals to be engaged in critical analysis of such impediments and social structures that may maintain marginalization. In contrast to other conceptualizations, Bourdieu's version of social capital—mediated by symbolic violence such that marginalized people's resources are unrecognized—is suggested as more useful for community development through leisure services.
IntenSelect: using dynamic object rating for assisting 3D object selection

We present IntenSelect, a novel selection technique that dynamically assists the user in the selection of 3D objects in Virtual Environments. Ray-casting selection is commonly used, although it has limited accuracy and can be problematic in more difficult situations where the intended selection object is occluded or moving. Selection-byvolume techniques, which extend normal ray-casting, provide error tolerance to cope with the limited accuracy. However, these extensions generally are not usable in the more complex selection situations.We have devised a new selection-by-volume technique to create a more flexible selection technique which can be used in these situations. To achieve this, we use a new scoring function to calculate the score of objects, which fall within a user controlled, conic selection volume. By accumulating these scores for the objects, we obtain a dynamic, time-dependent, object ranking. The highest ranking object, or active object, is indicated by bending the otherwise straight selection ray towards it. As the selection ray is effectively snapped to the object, the user can now select the object more easily. Our user tests indicate that IntenSelect can improve the selection performance over ray-casting, especially in the more difficult cases of small objects. Furthermore, the introduced time-dependent object ranking proves especially useful when objects are moving, occluded and/or cluttered. Our simple scoring scheme can be easily extended for special purpose interaction such as widget or application specific interaction functionality, which creates new possibilities for complex interaction behavior.
Differential Lipopolysaccharide Core Capping Leads to Quantitative and Correlated Modifications of Mechanical and Structural Properties in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

ABSTRACT Bacterial biofilms are responsible for the majority of all microbial infections and have profound impact on industrial and geochemical processes. While many studies documented phenotypic differentiation and gene regulation of biofilms, the importance of their structural and mechanical properties is poorly understood. Here we investigate how changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core capping in Pseudomonas aeruginosa affect biofilm structure through modification of adhesive, cohesive, and viscoelastic properties at an early stage of biofilm development. Microbead force spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize P. aeruginosa biofilm interactions with either glass substrata or bacterial lawns. Using isogenic migA, wapR, and rmlC mutants with defined LPS characteristics, we observed significant changes in cell mechanical properties among these strains compared to wild-type strain PAO1. Specifically, truncation of core oligosaccharides enhanced both adhesive and cohesive forces by up to 10-fold, whereas changes in instantaneous elasticity were correlated with the presence of O antigen. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy to quantify biofilm structural changes with respect to differences in LPS core capping, we observed that textural parameters varied with adhesion or the inverse of cohesion, while areal and volumetric parameters were linked to adhesion, cohesion, or the balance between them. In conclusion, this report demonstrated for the first time that changes in LPS expression resulted in quantifiable cellular mechanical changes that were correlated with structural changes in bacterial biofilms. Thus, the interplay between architectural and functional properties may be an important contributor to bacterial community survival.
La dynamique des stratégies de coopétition

L’objectif de cet article est de montrer que la coopetition n’est ni une extension des theories de la competition, ni une extension des theories de la cooperation. Elle est definie comme « un systeme d’acteurs qui interagissent sur la base d’une congruence partielle des interets et des objectifs ». La coopetition est un objet de recherche singulier qui necessite un examen theorique qui lui est propre. Elle est un champ d’exploration entierement nouveau, qui est a priori tres prometteur pour faire avancer les recherches et les pratiques en management strategique.
Map locations of mouse hepatitis virus temperature-sensitive mutants: confirmation of variable rates of recombination

Using standard genetic recombination techniques, studies in our laboratory suggest that recombination rates are very high and vary in different portions of the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) genome. To determine the actual recombination frequencies in the MHV genome and localize the nucleotide boundaries of individual viral genes, we have sequenced temperature-sensitive and revertant viruses to identify the location of specific mutant alleles. Complementation group F RNA+ ts mutants (LA7, NC6, and NC16) each contained a unique mutation which was tightly linked to the ts phenotype and resulted in a conservative or nonconservative amino acid change in the MHV S glycoprotein gene. In agreement with previous recombination mapping studies, the mutation in LA7 and NC6 mapped within the S1 domain while NC16 mapped within the S2 domain. To determine the map coordinates of the MHV polymerase genes, several RNA- mutants and their revertants belonging to complementation groups C (NC3 and LA9) and E (LA18 and NC4) were also sequenced. Mutations were identified in each virus that were tightly linked to the ts phenotype and resulted in either a conservative or nonconservative amino acid change. The group C allele spanned the ORF 1a/ORF 1b junction, while the group E mutants mapped at the C terminus of ORF 1b about 20 to 22 kb from the 5' end of the genome. Mutation rates, calculated from the reversion frequencies of plaque-purified ts viruses requiring a single nucleotide alteration for reversion, approached 1.32 (+/- 0.89) x 10(-4) substitutions per nucleotide site per round of template copying. Detailed recombination mapping studies across known distances between these different ts alleles has confirmed that homologous recombination rates approached 25% and varied within different portions of the MHV genome.
Optimism and realism: A review of self‐efficacy from a cross‐cultural perspective

T his review critically examines much of the research investigating self-efficacy beliefs through cross-cultural comparisons. Two sets of cross-cultural comparison groups are examined: Asian (or immigrant Asian) versus Western, and Eastern European versus Western European and American groups. After an introduction to self-efficacy theory, some cross-cultural aspects of self and self-beliefs are discussed, and the cultural dimensions of individualism and collectivism are introduced. Analysis of the articles focuses on differences in levels of efficacy beliefs, calibration of beliefs with performance, methodological problems, and implications for practice. Almost all of the 20 studies reviewed found efficacy beliefs to be lower for non-Western cultural groups, but in some cases these lower beliefs were more predictive of subsequent functioning. There is some evidence that the mean efficacy beliefs of a cultural group are modified through immigration or political changes. For some non-Western groups, collect.
Cultural Construction of what?: Stakeholders’ Cultural Bias and its Effect on Acceptance of a New Public Information System

This study examines stakeholders’ cultural bias and its impact on the acceptance of a new public information system. Different attitudes toward the same information technology, the National Educational Information System (NEIS), brought out social conflicts in Korea. This article argues that social relations and cultural biases influenced stakeholders’ positions in this policy conflict. Our analysis begins by reviewing Cultural Theory, developed by Mary Douglas and Aaron Wildavsky. Then we show how, to a large extent, four cultural biases (hierarchy, egalitarianism, individualism, and fatalism) are supported by five stakeholder groups (three teacher groups, bureaucrats, and private system developers). Finally we find that, having different cultural biases, the five groups show different attitudes toward technology acceptance and risk perception as well as different emotional responses. Our analysis is based on empirical survey data from 628 employees sampled from five stakeholder groups.
Three-Dimensional Simple Adjoint Velocity Retrievals from Single-Doppler Radar

In this paper, the original simple adjoint method of Qiu and Xu is improved and tested for retrieving the 3D storm-scale wind field from single-Doppler radar data. The method incorporates single-radar data and background fields, along with a dynamical constraint, smoothness, and anelastic mass continuity constraint, in a cost function. The minimization of the cost function, with the desired fit to these constraints, is obtained in an iterative procedure. The current method is tested on simulated datasets of supercell storms. It is shown that the circulation inside and around the storms, including the strong updraft and associated downdraft, are well retrieved. Furthermore, the method is robust in the presence of data error.
The Sporting Body: Body Image and Eating Disorder Symptomatology Among Female Athletes from Leanness Focused and Nonleanness Focused Sports

ABSTRACT Female athletes experience pressure to conform to social and sporting norms concerning body weight. This study compared general and sporting body dissatisfaction and disordered eating symptomatology among 320 elite, recreational, and noncompetitive female athletes aged 17 to 30 years competing in leanness focused sports and nonleanness focused sports. Participants completed an online questionnaire including demographic questions, the Eating Attitudes Test, and the Figure Rating Scale. Athletes from leanness focused sports reported higher levels of body dissatisfaction and greater disordered eating symptomatology regardless of participation level. Elite athletes reported higher levels of body dissatisfaction and greater disordered eating symptomatology regardless of sport type, and differences between recreational and noncompetitive athletes were not found. More than 60% of elite athletes from leanness focused and nonleanness focused sports reported pressure from coaches concerning body shape. The findings have important implications for identifying risk factors for eating disorders among female athletes, where athletes who compete at elite level and those who compete in leanness focused sports at any level may be at higher risk for developing eating disorders.
Bidirectional Mapping between Architecture Model and Code for Synchronization

UML state machines and composite structure models are efficient to design the behavior and structure of architectures. In Model Driven Engineering (MDE), code can be automatically generated from the models. Nevertheless, current UML tools only produce skeleton code which is then fine-tuned by programmers. The modifications in code, which may violate the architecture correctness, must be synchronized with the model to make architecture and code consistent. However, current approaches cannot handle the synchronization when there is a significant abstraction gap between architecture and code. This paper proposes to ease synchronization between model and code, through a bidirectional mapping between code and architecture specified by UML composite structure and state machine. The proposed mapping is a means for a synchronization mechanism proposed in our previous work, which allows concurrent modifications made in model and code, and keeps them synchronized. We propose an evaluation plan for the approach and expose preliminary experimental results.
Panacea or paradox? The moderating role of ethical climate

The importance of ethics in sales organizations is well documented, but there are still questions about how ethics interact with firms and individuals. In a study of salespeople in professional sports, we examine how ethical climate affects the relationship between individual variables, such as motivation for pay or recognition, customer or selling orientation, and self-efficacy, and the outcomes of job satisfaction and performance. The findings are mixed, with ethical climate moderating the effects of some individual variables on job satisfaction and but no moderating effect on performance. Managerial implications and directions for future research are provided.
Learning and Knowing Boundaries: Schooling in New Order Indonesia

Schooling practices in Indonesia take place within a centrally structured educational bureaucracy. The paper focuses on primary and secondary schools, which have undergone rapid expansion since the oil boom of the early 1 980s. Taking school examinations as sociological objects of study, there is an attempt to understand the students' mental processes as they prepare for these determinative events. Every question in every subject has a correct answer within each sector of schooling through nationally legitimated curricula. Teachers and pupils know that schools are places where one "learns by heart" the requisite texts, whether they be in Mathematics, Bahasa Indonesia, Morals of Pancasila, or History. Whether students perceive the process as a game or reality, one result is the numbing (or perhaps multi-layering) of creative young minds - at least during the time that the children are in school. Another result is the (often unconscious) learning of boundaries. The theoretical work of Pierre Bourdieu is used in the analysis. To forget whatever it was necessary to forget, then to draw it back into memory again at the moment when it was needed, and then promptly to forget it again; and above all to apply the same process to the process itself That was the ultimate subtlety. Even to understand the word "doublethink" involved the use of doublethink. Orwell (1949, p. 31) In examining the way in which "knowing" or "knowledges" are constructed in schools in Indonesia, one needs an understanding of the schooling structures, practices, and beliefs in Indonesia, and also a knowledge of the sociology of education. This paper brings together those two facets with the aim of understanding the period of the New Order, so that future educational policy decisions may be made with some sense of awareness of past practices and more openness.
Effect of measurement on the ballistic–diffusive transition in turbid media

Abstract. The dependence of the transition between the ballistic and the diffusive regimes of turbid media on the experimental solid angle of the detection system is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. A simple model is developed which shows the significance of experimental conditions on the location of the ballistic–diffusive transition. It is demonstrated that decreasing the solid angle expands the ballistic regime; however, this benefit is bounded by the initial Gaussian beam diffraction. In addition, choosing the appropriate wavelength according to the model’s principles provides another means of expanding the ballistic regime. Consequently, by optimizing the experimental conditions, it should be possible to extract the ballistic image of a tissue with a thickness of 1 cm.
From University Democratisation to Managerialism: The changing legitimation of university governance and the place of students

This article examines the implications of the rise of managerialism for student participation in university governance. It explores this theoretically by proposing a matrix of ideal-type regimes of student governance based on the work of Hyden, Olsen and others. The working of this typology is illustrated in a case study of the student political dynamics involved in governance changes at the University of Cape Town (UCT) in the decade after the transition from apartheid to democracy. The study finds that after two waves of university democratisation, UCT experienced a rise of managerialism which entailed incisive changes in student-university relations. Changes could be observed at various levels, including the emergence of a de-politicised form of student activism and the adoption of a consumerist student political discourse. It is argued that the rise of managerialism thus precipitated a momentous change in the legitimation of student participation in university governance.
A Review of Research Concerning the Implementation of Site‐Based Management∗

ABSTRACT Seventy‐seven empirical and case studies of the implementation of school‐based management (SBM) reported between 1985 and 1995 are reviewed in order to determine obstacles typically encountered in the early to middle stages of such implementation and promising strategies for dealing with them. Results are reported in terms of obstacles relevant to teachers, principals, parents and the wider community, site councils, schools as a whole, and district administrators. These results are discussed in terms of the potential role for SBM in the creation of “high involvement” schools.
Hormonal Treatment for Severe Hydronephrosis Caused by Bladder Endometriosis

The incidence of endometriosis cases involving the urinary system has recently increased, and the bladder is a specific zone where endometriosis is most commonly seen in the urinary system. In the case presented here, a patient presented to the emergency department with the complaint of side pain and was examined and diagnosed with severe hydronephrosis and bladder endometriosis was determined in the etiology. After the patient was pathologically diagnosed, Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System (LNG-IUS) was administered to the uterine cavity. At the 12-month follow-up, endometriosis was not observed in the cystoscopy and symptoms had completely regressed. Hydronephrosis may be observed after exposure of the ureter, and silent renal function loss may develop in patients suffering from endometriosis with bladder involvement. For patients with moderate or severe hydronephrosis associated with bladder endometriosis, LNG-IUS application may be separately and successfully used after conservative surgery.
Education Reform and Reconstruction as a Challenge to Research Genres: Reconsidering School Effectiveness Research and Inclusive Schooling

This paper examines the invention of school effectiveness as a specific curriculum and pedagogic discourse that has captured not only the hearts and minds of a body of educational researchers but also of policy-makers and politicians from different parts of the political spectrum. It is divided into three parts. First it explores previously identified questions surrounding the methodology and its underlying epistemological assumptions; second, it considers the politics of school effectiveness research and in particular the political context for the publication of the book School Effectiveness for Whom ? published in 1998; third, it reflects upon dilemmas that confront inclusive education research and how these may suggest similar considerations for school effectiveness research. It concludes with the argument that the most important question today for school effectiveness researchers and other researchers who wish for a more inclusive school system is to disentangle the concept of efficiency from effectiveness and to review their thinking about whom schools are most ‘effective’ for.