Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SCPE DETECTION OF SARCASM IN TEXT DATA USING DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS

With the ever increasing acceptance of Online Social Networks (OSNs), a new dimension has evolved for communication amongst humans. People now share continuous streams of messages to contribute their interests, indications, discuss activities, status, latest trends and much more. This gives an opportunity to monitor and mine the opinions of a large number of online active population in real time. On one side where researchers can find out a pattern to judge the mood of the user, a serious problem of detection of irony and sarcasm in textual data poses threat to the accuracy of the techniques evolved till date. In this paper, we are proposing a deep learning based convolutional neural network method that focuses on the skip gram technique to convert words to vectors and further to detect and identify the sarcasm and irony from the normal polarized text taken from Twitter. We try to discover patterns from the textual datasets based on the identifiable features. Our approach is giving an overall accuracy of 89.9%.
Understanding Reference-Price Shoppers: A Within- and Cross-Category Analysis

The authors attempt to draw profiles of reference-price shoppers. Specifically, the authors study how selected factors that affect brand choice are correlated with consumer sensitivity to gains and losses with respect to internal reference prices. They also study the interaction between sociodemographics and gain and loss sensitivity. Furthermore, the authors analyze cross-category correlations in gain and loss sensitivity to shed light on their individual- and category-specific characters. In three categories, the results show significant heterogeneity in loss sensitivity among consumers and indicate that loss sensitivity is greater and more heterogeneous than gain sensitivity. Across categories, the results show that loss-sensitive shoppers are less influenced by past brand use and that both loss- and gain-sensitive shoppers more sensitive to price, display, and feature than the average consumer. Loss-sensitive households tend to be larger, and their heads are less likely to be fully employed, whereas gain-sensitive households have no clear demographic profile. The authors also discuss the limitations of latent-class models in profiling consumer segments and show how these problems are overcome using models with continuous, correlated multivariate distributions.
Supplementary details on Bayesian Calibration of Computer Models

We assume the reader is already familiar with the concepts and notation of Kennedy and O Hagan We begin by deriving the posterior distribution of the calibration param eters in Section In Section we discuss the estimation of hyperparameters involved in the model Section deals with details on calibration calibrated prediction and calibrated uncertainty analysis In Section we investigate the sensitivity of our results to some of the model assumptions Computational issues are discussed in Section and in Section we describe an example
Statistiques individuelles et géostatistique transitive en écologie halieutique

Comment analyser la distribution spatiale d'especes marines en relation avec quelques parametres de l'environnement ? A l'aide de quatre exemples clefs qui permettent de faire le point sur les difficultes de l'analyse structurale en halieutique (densites de poissons, temperature de surface, courants marins), on discute des choix de modelisation. Il apparait ainsi que la geostatistique transitive est une methodologie adaptee quand l'abondance totale est le fait de quelques valeurs extremement fortes et qu'il est difficile de delimiter un domaine au sein duquel les variations de densites peuvent etre supposees homogenes. De la, on choisit un individu au hasard dans la population et on s'interesse a la probabilite qu'il se trouve en un certain point de l'espace, a une certaine temperature ou bien dans une partie de la population ou la densite vaut une certaine valeur (statistiques individuelles). Une description spatiale, basee sur le covariogramme, est obtenue par tirage au sort de deux individus. Des procedures d'estimations du covariogramme adaptees a des echantillonnages irreguliers sont proposees ainsi que les utilisations possibles d'un modele structural, c'est-a-dire d'un covariogramme modelise. En particulier, on indique en l'illustrant a partir de densites de merlu du Golfe de Gascogne (France), que le covariogramme contient des elements structuraux plus fins que ne le laisse envisager sa definition, et on procede a une cartographie par krigeage transitif. L'approche par individu est utilisee pour la description et la modelisation de la repartition des oeufs de maquereau pendant la saison de ponte de 1983 a 1995. L'interpretation dans un contexte spatial des regressions experimentales (en cloche) etant delicate, on prefere tester l'existence d'un preferendum en temperature de surface en verifiant que les individus sont distribues de facon a minimiser leur inertie en temperature (inertiogrammes). De ce point de vue, les maquereaux apparaissent contraints dans leur regionalisation par des "fronts virtuels d'inertie"
ESD simulation on GGNMOS for 40V BCD

In this paper, TCAD was used to simulate GGNMOS (Grounded-Gate NMOS) as an ESD protection device for 40V BCD. The physic models and the calibration method are discussed in order to get better accuracy on the result. The effects of device parameter on the ESD robustness are investigated by device simulation in order to achieve the desired ESD design window. The simulated holding voltage is in agreement with BJT model that already proven has an agreement with silicon result. Finally, the ESD design window for 40V BCD device can be obtained by changing some device parameters.
Incidence of deep vein thrombosis related to peripherally inserted central catheters in children and adolescents

Background: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) in children and adolescents are being used with increasing frequency. We sought to determine the incidence and characterize risk factors of deep vein thrombosis associated with peripherally inserted central catheters in a pediatric population. Methods: We conducted a prospective study involving consecutive patients referred to the radiology department of a tertiary care university-affiliated hospital for insertion of a peripherally inserted central catheter. We included patients aged 18 years or less who weighed more than 2.5 kg and had a peripherally inserted central catheter successfully inserted in his or her arm between June 2004 and November 2005. The primary outcome was the occurrence of partial or complete deep vein thrombosis evaluated by clinical examination, ultrasonography and venous angiography. Results: A total of 214 patients (101 girls, 113 boys) were included in the study. Partial or complete deep vein thrombosis occurred in 20 patients, for an incidence of 93.5 per 1000 patients and 3.85 per 1000 catheter-days. Only 1 of the cases was symptomatic. In the univariable analyses, the only variable significantly associated with deep vein thrombosis was the presence of factor II mutation G20210A (odds ratio 7.08, 95% confidence interval 1.11–45.15, p = 0.04), a genetic mutation that increases the risk of a blood clot and that was present in 5 (2.3%) of the 214 patients. Interpretation: The incidence of deep vein thrombosis related to peripherally inserted central catheters in our study was lower than the incidence related to centrally inserted venous catheters described in the pediatric literature (11%–50%).
Pathway Complexity of Prion Protein Assembly into Amyloid*

In vivo under pathological conditions, the normal cellular form of the prion protein, PrPC (residues 23–231), misfolds to the pathogenic isoform PrPSc, a β-rich aggregated pathogenic multimer. Proteinase K digestion of PrPSc leads to a proteolytically resistant core, PrP 27–30 (residues 90–231), that can form amyloid fibrils. To study the kinetic pathways of amyloid formation in vitro, we used unglycosylated recombinant PrP corresponding to the proteinase K-resistant core of PrPSc and found that it can adopt two non-native abnormal isoforms, a β-oligomer and an amyloid fibril. Several lines of kinetic data suggest that the β-oligomer is not on the pathway to amyloid formation. The preferences for forming either a β-oligomer or amyloid can be dictated by experimental conditions, with acidic pH similar to that seen in endocytic vesicles favoring the β-oligomer and neutral pH favoring amyloid. Although both abnormal isoforms have high β-sheet content and bind 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate, they are dissimilar structurally. Multiple pathways of misfolding and the formation of distinct β-sheet-rich abnormal isoforms may explain the difficulties in refolding PrPSc in vitro, the need for a PrPSc template, and the significant variation in disease presentation and neuropathology.
Determination of organic matter in grinding sludges by UV spectrophotometry

Abstract The aim of this paper is to determinate the total organic matter content of grinding sludges by a simple and fast methodology based on a solvent extraction followed by a UV spectrophotometry analysis. Several UV spectra exploitation methods are used. The multiwavelength deconvolution procedure provides quantitative results in good accordance with those obtained by a gravimetric method, possibly underestimated and enables a separate quantification of the cuttings fluids and the lubricants in the sludges. The normalisation procedure and the search of isobestic points provide important qualitative information on the evolution and on the composition of the oils used in metal processing. Therefore, this study is a first step for the development of a tool for the characterisation of organic matter in grinding sludges
Using surface markers for MRI guided breast conserving surgery: a feasibility survey

Breast MRI is frequently performed prior to breast conserving surgery in order to assess the location and extent of the lesion. Ideally, the surgeon should also be able to use the image information during surgery to guide the excision and this requires that the MR image is co-registered to conform to the patient’s position on the operating table. Recent progress in MR imaging techniques has made it possible to obtain high quality images of the patient in the supine position which significantly reduces the complexity of the registration task. Surface markers placed on the breast during imaging can be located during surgery using an external tracking device and this information can be used to co-register the images to the patient. There remains the problem that in most clinical MR scanners the arm of the patient has to be placed parallel to the body whereas the arm is placed perpendicular to the patient during surgery. The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of co-registration based on a surface marker approach and, in particular, to determine what effect the difference in a patient’s arm position makes on the accuracy of tumour localization. Obtaining a second MRI of the patient where the patient’s arm is perpendicular to body axes (operating room position) is not possible. Instead we obtain a secondary MRI scan where the patient’s arm is above the patient’s head to validate the registration. Five patients with enhancing lesions ranging from 1.5 to 80 cm3 in size were imaged using contrast enhanced MRI with their arms in two positions. A thin-plate spline registration scheme was used to match these two configurations. The registration algorithm uses the surface markers only and does not employ the image intensities. Tumour outlines were segmented and centre of mass (COM) displacement and Dice measures of lesion overlap were calculated. The relationship between the number of markers used and the COM-displacement was also studied. The lesion COM-displacements ranged from 0.9 to 9.3 mm and the Dice overlap score ranged from 20% to 80%. The registration procedure took less than 1 min to run on a standard PC. Alignment of pre-surgical supine MR images to the patient using surface markers on the breast for co-registration therefore appears to be feasible.
Detection of Parent-of-Origin Effects in Nuclear Families Using Haplotype Analysis

Despite the potential pitfalls of stratification, population-based association studies nowadays are being conducted more often than family-based association studies. However, the mechanism of genomic imprinting has lately been implicated in the etiology of genetic complex diseases and can be detected using statistics only in family-based designs. Powerful tests for association and imprinting have been proposed previously for case-parent trios and single markers. Since the power of association studies can be improved if multiple affected children and haplotypes are considered, we extended the parental asymmetry test (PAT) for imprinting to a test that is suited for both general nuclear families and haplotypes, called HAP-PAT. Significance of the HAP-PAT is determined via a Monte-Carlo simulation procedure. In addition to the HAP-PAT, we modified a haplotype-based association test, proposed by us before, in such a way that either only paternal or maternal transmissions contribute to the test statistic. The approaches were implemented in FAMHAP and we evaluated their performance under a variety of disease models. We were able to demonstrate the usefulness of our haplotype-based approaches to detect parent-of-origin effects. Furthermore, we showed that also in the presence of imprinting it is more reasonable to consider all affected children of a nuclear family, than to randomly select one affected child from each family and to conduct a trio study using the selected individuals.
What Happened to My Genes? Insights on Gene Family Dynamics from Digital Genetics Experiments

Gene families are sets of homologous genes formed by duplications of a single original gene. Inferring their history in terms of gene duplications, gene losses and gene mutations yields fundamental insights into the molecular basis of evolution. However, phylogenetic inference of gene family evolution faces two difficulties: (i) the delimitation of gene families based on sequence similarity, and (ii) the fact that the models of evolution used for reconstruction are tested against simulated data that are produced by the model itself. Here, we show that digital genetics, or in silico experimental evolution, can provide thought-provoking synthetic gene family data, robust to rearrangements in gene sequences and, most importantly, not biased by where and how we think natural selection should act. Using aevol, a digital genetics modelwith an abstract phenotype but a realistic genome structure, we analyzed the evolution of 3,512 synthetic gene families under directional selection. The turnover of gene families in evolutionary runs was such that only 21% of those families would be accessible for classical phylogenetic inference. Extinct families showed patterns different from the final, observableones, both in terms of dynamics of gene gains and losses and in terms of gene sequence evolution. This study also reveals that gene sequence evolution, and thus evolutionary innovation, occurred not only through local mutations, but also through chromosomal rearrangements that re-assembled parts of existing genes.
Changes in Plasma and Tissue Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (LC-PUFA) Content in the Eel Anguilla japonica After External and Internal Osmotic Stress

We investigated the effect of external and internal osmotic stress on the profile of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in euryhaline eels Anguilla japonica. Freshwater (FW) fish were transferred to seawater (SW) for external osmotic stress or subjected to internal stress through injection with hypertonic saline. FW eels injected with isotonic saline served as controls. Plasma osmolality, Na+ concentration, and gill Na+/K+ -ATPase activity increased, but hematocrit decreased compared with controls in eels exposed to external or internal osmotic stress. The expression of two major transporter genes for SW adaptation, the Na+ -K+ -2Cl - co-transporter 1a (NKCC1a) in the gill and NKCC2b in the intestine, was up-regulated only in SW-transferred eels, suggesting a direct impact of SW on the gill and intestine via SW ingestion. Total LC-PUFA contents and DHA (22:6 n-3) increased in the gill and liver of SW-transferred eels and in the intestine of hypertonic saline-injected eels. However, total LC-PUFA content in plasma decreased after both external and internal osmotic stimuli. In contrast, the gene expression of two key enzymes involved in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis, Δ6 fatty acid desaturase and elongase, did not change in the gill, intestine and liver of osmotically stressed eels. These results indicate that LC-PUFA is possibly involved in osmoregulation and the increased LC-PUFA contents of osmoregulatory organs might be a result of LC-PUFA transport via circulation, rather than through de novo biosynthesis.
Diffusion tensor imaging of in vivo and excised rat spinal cord at 7 T with an icosahedral encoding scheme

Regional values of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (Dav) of in vivo and excised rat spinal cords were measured using an iscosahedral encoding scheme that is based on 21 uniformly distributed and alternating gradient directions with an echo planar imaging (EPI) readout. Based on the water phantom studies, this scheme was shown to provide unbiased estimation of FA. The stability of the scanner during the acquisition of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data was evaluated. Repeated measurements of the FA values demonstrated excellent reproducibility, as assessed by the Bland–Altman analysis. These studies demonstrated a reduced anisotropy in excised samples relative to in vivo cords. Diffusion in the spinal cord gray matter was shown to be anisotropic. The FA value in the dorsal white matter (WM) was found to be higher relative to the ventral WM. Results from these studies should provide the necessary baseline data for serial in vivo DTI of injured spinal cord. Magn Reson Med 53:118–125, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclic Nucleotide‐gated Channels in Identified Human Olfactory Receptor Neurons

Patch‐clamp recordings revealed the presence of a non‐desensitizing cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel on human olfactory receptor neurons and a fast‐desensitizing non‐specific cation channel activated by nucleotides on human supporting cells. Cyclic nucleotide‐gated channels on olfactory receptor neurons showed selective channel activation by cAMP (K1/2= 5 μM) and cGMP (K1/2= 2 μM), a unitary conductance of ∼20 pS, a reversal potential of single‐channel currents close to 0 mV, a linear current‐voltage relationship over the range of −80 to 80 mV and a strong extracellular but a weaker intracellular blocking effect of Ca2+. The channel activity outlasted the cyclic nucleotide pulses for hundreds of milliseconds when higher agonist concentrations (>50 μM cAMP) were applied. The duration of the response was longer than in cyclic nucleotide‐gated channels from other species studied so far. The plateau duration and the decay remained constant for pulses with a length of 50−150 ms, whereas pulses shorter than 50 ms successively reduced the time required by shortening the plateau phase. A larger difference for the K1/2 values of cAMP (K1/2= 22 μM) and cGMP (K1/2= 2.5 μM) were found for a small group (n = 3) of cyclic nucleotide‐gated channels, pointing to the selective expression of the a‐subunit in a small subgroup of olfactory receptor neurons.
Parámetros de calidad y componentes con interés nutricional del aceite de Argán (Argania spinosa)

Durante siglos, las tribus bereberes del suroeste de Marruecos han recurrido al aceite de argan como componente basico de su dieta y elemento de la medicina tradicional. A principios de los noventa, se comienza a estudiar sus valiosas propiedades nutricionales y terapeuticas, como antioxidante, hipocolesterolemiante y anticancerigeno. En nuestro trabajo, que confirma estos estudios preliminares, ademas de los principales parametros de calidad, planteamos como objetivo determinar el perfil en acidos grasos, destacando como mayoritario el acido oleico; compuestos antioxidantes, oscilando el contenido en polifenoles totales entre 3,96-152,04 mg/Kg (acido galico), y el de tocoferoles totales entre 427,0-654,0 mg/Kg. La capacidad antioxidante, evaluada por el metodo ABTS con dilucion del aceite en n-hexano oscilo entre 14,16-28,02 mmol Trolox/Kg. Ademas, se ha evaluado el efecto antiinflamatorio a nivel intestinal de la administracion de aceite de argan virgen en la dieta de ratas, en comparacion con aceite de oliva virgen extra y girasol, observandose que el aceite de argan por su alto contenido en acidos grasos poliinsaturados y agentes antioxidantes, ejerce un efecto beneficioso similar al del aceite de oliva virgen en el tratamiento de enfermos con inflamacion intestinal, siempre que se utilice en dietas adicionadas de acidos grasos de la serie n-3.
A simplified model of a common mode choke coil for 3D field simulators

We studied a CMC model with a one-turn toroidal core, which is easily used in 3D field simulators. The calculation model of a CMC differs from the actual shape, so we need to correct the CMC's characteristics. When we calculated the noise-suppressing effect of the CMC, we used relative permeability, which differs from the actual value, to approximate the actual characteristics of a CMC. From the comparison of calculated results with measurement results, the calculated results were comparable to the measurement results. We confirmed the validity of our model.
MAS based on a Fast and Robust FCM Algorithm for MR Brain Image Segmentation

In the aim of providing sophisticated applications and getting benefits from the advantageous properties of agents, designing agent-based and multi-agent systems has become an important issue that received further consideration from many application domains. Towards the same goal, this work gathered three different research fields; image segmentation, fuzzy clustering and multi-agent systems (MAS); and furnished a MAS for MR brain image segmentation that is based on a fast and robust FCM (FRFCM) algorithm. The proposed MAS was tested, as well as the sequential version of the FRFCM algorithm and the standard FCM, on simulated and real normal brains. The experimental results were valuable in both segmentation accuracy and running times point of views.