Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thrombin-induced MCP-1 Expression Involves Activation of the p22phox-containing NADPH Oxidase in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Summary Activation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VMSC) by thrombin induces the expression of the chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). We investigated in cultured human and rat VSMC whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from the vascular NADPH oxidase contribute to this effect. Exposure of cultured VSMC to thrombin rapidly increased ROS formation, phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase as well as the expression of MCP-1. Specific inhibition of the p22phox subunit of the vascular NADPH oxidase using either p22phox neutralizing antibody or p22phox antisense oligonucleotides attenuated thrombin-induced ROS generation. Furthermore, thrombininduced p38 MAP kinase activation as well as MCP-1 expression were impaired by antioxidants as well as by p22phox antisense oligonucleotides. Inhibition of p38 MAP kinase diminished the thrombin-induced expression of MCP-1. Conclusion: Thrombin, by activating a p22phoxcontaining NADPH oxidase, elicits ROS generation and activation of p38 MAP kinase in VSMC. The subsequent induction of MCP-1 expression highligts the crucial role of the p22phox-containing NADPH oxidase in thrombin-induced signal transduction in VSMC.
Enhancement of a Chinese Discourse Marker Tagger with C4.5

Discourse markers are complex discontinuous linguistic expressions which are used to explicitly signal the discourse structure of a text. This paper describes efforts to improve an automatic tagging system which identifies and classifies discourse markers in Chinese texts by applying machine learning (ML) to the disambiguation of discourse markers, as an integral part of automatic text summarization via rhetorical structure. Encouraging results are reported.
Energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and body weight regulation: a study of metabolic adaptation to long-term weight change.

Relatively low rates of energy expenditure and fat oxidation predict body weight gain. Weight gain, in turn, is associated with increases in energy expenditure and fat oxidation that may oppose further weight change. In response to experimental weight gain induced by overfeeding, increases in energy expenditure and fat oxidation are overcompensatory, i.e. greater than predicted for the change in body composition. To determine whether such metabolic adaptation occurs in response to spontaneous long term weight change, we conducted a longitudinal study in which 24-h energy expenditure (24-EE) and 24-h respiratory quotient (24-RQ; i.e. fat to carbohydrate oxidation) were repeatedly measured in 102 Pima Indians at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 3.6 +/- 2.7 yr, during which changes in body weight varied widely (-21 to +28 kg). We found that changes in 24-EE and 24-RQ in response to weight change were related to the amount of weight change, even after adjustment for body composition (partial r = 0.23 and -0.30, respectively; both P < 0.05). For a 15-kg weight gain, the increases in 24-EE (+244 Cal/day) and 24-h fat oxidation (+152 Cal/day) were 33 and 53 Cal/day greater than predicted from the cross-sectional relationship between both measures and body weight. Changes in 24-EE and 24-RQ varied substantially among individuals. Thus, on the average, spontaneous long term weight changes are accompanied by small metabolic adaptations in both energy expenditure and fat oxidation. The metabolic responses to weight changes are highly variable among individuals, however.
Distributed algorithm for anchor-free network localization using angle of arrival

A localization problem in wireless sensor and ad hoc networks can be solved using measured distances and/or directions between neighboring nodes as constraints. With the internode constraints only the relative localization problem can be solved, as for more specific absolute positions a set of prelocalized nodes, called anchors, is needed. In this paper, a new approach for designing and evaluating a distributed anchor-free localization algorithm is presented. It uses only direction constraints relative to the nodepsilas coordinate system as their orientations are assumed to be unknown. The algorithm is based on division of a network into clusters. After the initial clusters are localized, by stitching them together the whole network can be localized. Using the graph rigidity theory we define new structures and their relationships, so the algorithm can provide relative locations to maximum number of nodes for a given number of constraints. The algorithm performance is evaluated through simulations and the obtained results are similar to the centralized version of algorithm. Additional analysis showed that the performance is not dependant on the path and order used for cluster stitching. By comparing the performance to the Cramer Rao bound it is revealed that the error induced by the algorithm correspond to the 30% - 50% of the total localization error.
The Role of Perceptions of Media Bias in General and Issue-Specific Political Participation

Despite a large body of literature documenting factors influencing general political participation, research has lagged in understanding what motivates participation regarding specific issues. Our research fills this gap by examining the interplay of perceptions of media bias, trust in government, and political efficacy on individuals' levels of general and issue-specific political participation. Using survey data with indicators related to general political participation, our results demonstrate that perceptions of media bias overall are negatively related to general political participation. Moreover, this relationship is an indirect one, mediated by trust in government and political efficacy. Using survey data with indicators of issue-specific political participation in the context of stem cell research, our results show that—contrary to the relationship found for general political participation—perceptions of media bias are directly and positively associated with issue-specific participation. Implications for political participation and media bias theories are discussed.
Mechanisms Affecting the Gut of Preterm Infants in Enteral Feeding Trials

Large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in preterm infants offer unique opportunities for mechanistic evaluation of the risk factors leading to serious diseases, as well as the actions of interventions designed to prevent them. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) a serious inflammatory gut condition and late-onset sepsis (LOS) are common feeding and nutrition-related problems that may cause death or serious long-term morbidity and are key outcomes in two current UK National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR) trials. Speed of increasing milk feeds trial (SIFT) randomized preterm infants to different rates of increases in milk feeds with a primary outcome of survival without disability at 2 years corrected age. Enteral lactoferrin in neonates (ELFIN) randomizes infants to supplemental enteral lactoferrin or placebo with a primary outcome of LOS. This is a protocol for the mechanisms affecting the gut of preterm infants in enteral feeding trials (MAGPIE) study and is funded by the UK NIHR Efficacy and Mechanistic Evaluation programme. MAGPIE will recruit ~480 preterm infants who were enrolled in SIFT or ELFIN. Participation in MAGPIE does not change the main trial protocols and uses non-invasive sampling of stool and urine, along with any residual resected gut tissue if infants required surgery. Trial interventions may involve effects on gut microbes, metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids), and aspects of host immune function. Current hypotheses suggest that NEC and/or LOS are due to a dysregulated immune system in the context of gut dysbiosis, but mechanisms have not been systematically studied within large RCTs. Microbiomic analysis will use next-generation sequencing, and metabolites will be assessed by mass spectrometry to detect volatile organic and other compounds produced by microbes or the host. We will explore differences between disease cases and controls, as well as exploring the actions of trial interventions. Impacts of this research are multiple: translation of knowledge of mechanisms promoting gut health may explain outcomes or suggest alternate strategies to improve health. Results may identify new non-invasive diagnostic or monitoring techniques, preventative or treatment strategies for NEC or LOS, or provide data useful for risk stratification in future studies. Mechanistic evaluation might be especially informative where there are not clear effects on the primary outcome (ISRCTN 12554594).
A ternary Relation Algebra of directed lines

We define a ternary Relation Algebra (RA) of relative position relations on two-dimensional directed lines (d-lines for short). A d-line has two degrees of freedom (DFs): a rotational DF (RDF), and a translational DF (TDF). The representation of the RDF of a d-line will be handled by an RA of 2D orientations, CYC_t, known in the literature. A second algebra, TA_t, which will handle the TDF of a d-line, will be defined. The two algebras, CYC_t and TA_t, will constitute, respectively, the translational and the rotational components of the RA, PA_t, of relative position relations on d-lines: the PA_t atoms will consist of those pairs of a TA_t atom and a CYC_t atom that are compatible. We present in detail the RA PA_t, with its converse table, its rotation table and its composition tables. We show that a (polynomial) constraint propagation algorithm, known in the literature, is complete for a subset of PA_t relations including almost all of the atomic relations. We will discuss the application scope of the RA, which includes incidence geometry, GIS (Geographic Information Systems), shape representation, localisation in (multi-)robot navigation, and the representation of motion prepositions in NLP (Natural Language Processing). We then compare the RA to existing ones, such as an algebra for reasoning about rectangles parallel to the axes of an (orthogonal) coordinate system, a ``spatial Odyssey'' of Allen's interval algebra, and an algebra for reasoning about 2D segments.
La exteriorización de la xenofobia

La creciente presión inmigratoria, la "real" y la "transmitida" por los medios de comunicación, favorece la mayor visibilidad de la inmigración y su conversión en "problema social". La presente investigación indaga en los ejes principales de los discursos xenófobos (la defensa de la identidad nacional-cultural, la pérdida de privilegios grupales, el aumento de la inseguridad ciudadana, el desempleo) y en los factores que propician su exteriorización (el desconocimiento mutuo, el tratamiento de los medios da comunicación, los discursos políticos y la metodología seguida en su medición). La exposición de estudios teórico-empíricos se complementa con el análisis de encuestas recientes y de precedentes que incluyen los mismos indicadores de xenofobia. El uso conjunto del análisis de conglomerados K-medias y discriminante ayuda en la configuración de la evolución de las actitudes ante la inmigración desde 1993 a 2004 y en el conocimiento de las variables que más inciden en su diferenciación. Los datos de opinión se interpretan dentro de los límites definidos espacial y metodológicamente.
70 10 07 v 1 8 J an 1 99 7 Supernomial coefficients , polynomial identities and q-series

q-Analogues of the coefficients of x in the expansion of ∏N j=1(1 + x + · · · + x )j are proposed. Useful properties, such as recursion relations, symmetries and limiting theorems of the “q-supernomial coefficients” are derived, and a combinatorial interpretation using generalized Durfee dissection partitions is given. Polynomial identities of boson–fermion-type, based on the continued fraction expansion of p/k and involving the q-supernomial coefficients, are proven. These include polynomial analogues of the Andrews–Gordon identities. Our identities unify and extend many of the known boson–fermion identities for one-dimensional configuration sums of solvable lattice models, by introducing multiple finitization parameters.
Transport layer rate control protocols for wireless sensor networks: from theory to practice

Because of limited bandwidth availability and their typical dense, multi-hop deployment, wireless sensor networks have a fundamental need for efficient transport layer rate control. State of the art transport layer rate control protocols in wireless sensor networks are primarily heuristics that rely on Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) mechanisms. This heuristic-based design of state of the art rate control protocols raises two key issues: first, due to the AIMD based mechanism the protocols suffer from long convergence times and large end-to-end packet delays; second, existing protocols are monolithic in design, either focusing purely on congestion control functionality without regard for rate utility optimization, or trying to optimize for a specific rate utility function. We improve upon the state of the art by proposing two rate control protocols that address the above issues. To address the issue of long convergence times and large end-to-end packet delays, we propose the Wireless Rate Control Protocol (WRCP). To address the issue of monolithic protocol design, we propose the Backpressure-based Rate Control Protocol (BRCP). WRCP, to our knowledge, is the first explicit and precise rate control protocol for wireless sensor networks. WRCP has been designed using a novel interference model, called the receiver capacity model. The model helps determine the exact available capacity at each receiver in the network. WRCP uses the available capacity information presented by the model, and distributes this capacity amongst contending flows in a neighborhood in order to achieve a lexicographic max-min fair rate allocation. The use of explicit capacity information allows WRCP to exhibit fast convergence time. The explicit capacity information also allows WRCP to operate within the capacity region, resulting in small end-to-end delays. BRCP is a, novel, flexible rate control protocol that has the ability to optimize for any concave rate-utility function. The design of BRCP is achieved by applying Lyapunov drift based stochastic optimization techniques to a Carrier Sense Medium Access (CSMA) based MAC. The ability of BRCP to make rate control decisions purely on local queue information makes it extremely useful in a wireless sensor network, since it requires minimal control information exchange.
The Lipid Raft-Associated Protein CD98 Is Required for Vaccinia Virus Endocytosis

ABSTRACT Mature vaccinia virus (vaccinia MV) infects a broad range of animals in vivo and cell cultures in vitro; however, the cellular receptors that determine vaccinia MV tropism and entry pathways are poorly characterized. Here, we performed quantitative proteomic analyses of lipid raft-associated proteins upon vaccinia MV entry into HeLa cells. We found that a type II membrane glycoprotein, CD98, is enriched in lipid rafts upon vaccinia MV infection compared to mock-infected HeLa cells. The knockdown of CD98 expression in HeLa cells significantly reduced vaccinia MV entry. Furthermore, CD98 knockout (KO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) also exhibited reduced vaccinia MV infectivity without affecting MV attachment to cells, suggesting a role for CD98 in the postbinding step of virus entry. Further characterization with inhibitors and dominant negative proteins that block different endocytic pathways revealed that vaccinia MV entry into MEFs occurs through a clathrin-independent, caveolin-independent, dynamin-dependent, fluid-phase endocytic pathway, implying that CD98 plays a specific role in the vaccinia MV endocytic pathway. Infections of wild-type and CD98 KO MEF cells with different strains of vaccinia MV provided further evidence that CD98 plays a specific role in MV endocytosis but not in plasma membrane fusion. Finally, different CD98-C69 chimeric proteins were expressed in CD98 KO MEFs, but none were able to reconstitute MV infectivity, suggesting that the overall structure of the CD98 protein is required for vaccinia MV endocytosis.
The Motivational Function of Regulatory Focus in Creativity

The Regulatory Focus Theory maintains that people may focus on achieving positive outcomes (have a promotion focus) or avoiding negative ones (have a prevention focus) when they pursue their goals. Under a promotion focus, people would formulate as many strategies as possible to attain their goal, and hence be fluent in idea generation when they perform a creative task. In contrast, people under a prevention focus would seek to avoid the negative consequences of failing to attain a valued goal, and persist even when the likelihood of success in a creativity situation is small. We tested these predictions in a study, where regulatory focus was measured as an individual differences variable (Part 1) and induced by a goal framing manipulation (Part 2). The results supported our predictions, and suggested that creative accomplishment requires flexible alternation of regulatory foci at the different stages of creative undertakings.
Introduction to the semantic web and semantic web services

THE WORLD OF THE SEMANTIC WEB From Traditional Web to Semantic Web What is WWW? A first look at the semantic Web An introduction to metadata Search Engine in Both Traditional and Semantic Web Environments Search engine for the traditional Web Search engine for the semantic Web: a hypothetical example Further considerations The semantic Web: a summary What is the key to semantic Web implementation? THE NUTS AND BOLTS OF SEMANTIC WEB TECHNOLOGY The Building Block of the Semantic Web: RDF Overview: what is RDF? The basic elements of RDF RDF triples: knowledge that machines can use A closer look at RDF Fundamental rules of RDF Aggregation and distributed information More about RDF RDF tools RDFS, Taxonomy, and Ontology Overview: why we need RDFS RDFS + RDF: one more step toward machine readability Core elements of RDFS The concepts of ontology and taxonomy Another look at inferencing based on RDF schema Web Ontology Language: OWL Using OWL to define classes: localize global properties Using OWL to define class: set operators and enumeration Using OWL to define properties: a richer syntax for more reasoning power Using OWL to define properties: property characteristics Ontology matching and distributed information OWL ontology header Final camera ontology rewritten in OWL Three faces of OWL Validating Your OWL Ontology Related development tools Validate OWL ontology by using Web utilities Using programming APIs to understand OWL ontology THE SEMANTIC WEB: REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES AND APPLICATIONS Swoogle: A Search Engine for Semantic Web Documents What is Swoogle and what is it used for? A close look inside Swoogle Examples of using Swoogle FOAF: Friend of a Friend What FOAF is and what it does Basic FOAF vocabulary and examples Creating your FOAF document and getting into the circle Updating our camera ontology using FOAF vocabulary Mark Up Your Web Document, Please! Semantic markup: a connection between two worlds Marking up your document manually Marking up your document by using tools Semantic markup issues Semantic Web Search Engine Revisit: A Prototype System Why search engines again Why traditional search engines fail The design of the semantic Web search engine prototype Using the prototype system Why this prototype provides better performance A suggestion for possible implementation FROM THE SEMANTIC WEB TO SEMANTIC WEB SERVICES From Web Services to Semantic Web Services Web service and Web service standards From Web services to semantic Web services OWL-S: An Upper Ontology to Describe Web Services What is upper ontology? The concept of OWL-S OWL-S building blocks Validating your OWL-S documents Where is the semantics? Adding Semantics to Web Service Descriptions WSDL-S OWL-S to UDDI mapping Match-making engines A Search Engine for Semantic Web Services The need for such a search engine Design of the search engine Implementation details Usage example of the semantic Web service search engine Summary and Further Readings What have we learned? Further reading for going further REFERENCES INDEX
Composing With New Technology

This study explores teachers’ reflections on their learning to compose with new technologies in the context of teacher education and/or teacher professional development. English language arts (ELA) teachers (n = 240) in 15 courses learned to use digital video (DV), completed at least one DV group project, and responded to open-ended survey questions. The data examined connections they made between print and DV composing, the best and most frustrating aspects of DV, content they still wanted to learn, and its relevance in their classrooms. The findings demonstrate high engagement with DV, the use of transmediation in making connections between print and DV, the reporting of both enjoyment and frustration with DV, and perceived curricular value with DV in the classroom. Implications include the need for teachers to have practical experiences with DV and opportunities to reflect on content and pedagogical applications.
Instability of one-step replica-symmetry-broken phase in satisfiability problems

We reconsider the one-step replica-symmetry-breaking (1RSB) solutions of two random combinatorial problems: k-XORSAT and k-SAT. We present a general method for establishing the stability of these solutions with respect to further steps of replica-symmetry breaking. Our approach extends the ideas of Montanari and Ricci-Tersenghi (2003 Eur. Phys. J. B 33 339) to more general combinatorial problems. It turns out that 1RSB is always unstable at sufficiently small clause density α or high energy. In particular, the recent 1RSB solution to 3-SAT is unstable at zero energy for α < αm, with αm ≈ 4.153. On the other hand, the SAT–UNSAT phase transition seems to be correctly described within 1RSB.
Force Myography to Control Robotic Upper Extremity Prostheses: A Feasibility Study

Advancement in assistive technology has led to the commercial availability of multi-dexterous robotic prostheses for the upper extremity. The relatively low performance of the currently used techniques to detect the intention of the user to control such advanced robotic prostheses, however, limits their use. This article explores the use of force myography (FMG) as a potential alternative to the well-established surface electromyography. Specifically, the use of FMG to control different grips of a commercially available robotic hand, Bebionic3, is investigated. Four male transradially amputated subjects participated in the study, and a protocol was developed to assess the prediction accuracy of 11 grips. Different combinations of grips were examined, ranging from 6 up to 11 grips. The results indicate that it is possible to classify six primary grips important in activities of daily living using FMG with an accuracy of above 70% in the residual limb. Additional strategies to increase classification accuracy, such as using the available modes on the Bebionic3, allowed results to improve up to 88.83 and 89.00% for opposed thumb and non-opposed thumb modes, respectively.