Development of a Needs-Based Curriculum Plan in Environmental Education.

2. REVIEW OF THE LI T E R A T U R E . 11 Overview * . 11 Existing Attitudes Toward Environmental Issues . 14 Knowledge and Attitude Surveys . 17 Review of Environmental Education Plans . 22 Project COPEE-Alabama . 22 _ Arkansas Environmental Program. 23 Florida and Environmental Education . 24 Direction of Environmental Education in G e o r g i a . 26 The Upper Mississippi River ECO-Center . 27 Total Environmental Education in Indiana . 28 Environmental Education Process for Iowa S c h o o l s . 30 Guidelines for Environmental Education, The Kentucky P l a n . 32 Maine State Plan for Environmental E d u c a t i o n . 34 Environmental Education, The Maryland A p p r o a c h . 35 Environmental Education in Massachusetts . 37 Master Plan for Environmental Education in North Carolina . 39 Environmental Education in the State of O r e g o n . 40 Environmental/Ecological Education in V i r g i n i a . 42 Summary of State Plans. 44 DESIGN OF THE S T U D Y . 46 O v e r v i e w . 46 S a m p l e . 47 I n s t rument. 51 Development of Cognitive Questions . 51 Development of Affective Questions . 52 Pilot S t u d y . 54 Data Collection and A n a l y s i s . 54 Definitions of Terms . 56 Delimitaions of the S t u d y . 57 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 58 Introduction . 58 Response R a t e . 58 Sex Distribution of S t u d e n t s . 60 Age Distribution of S t u d e n t s . 60 Discussion of Student R e s p o n s e s . 60 Descriptive Analysis of Cognitive Variables . 61 General Ecology Variables. 64 Population Variables . 67 Resource Variables . 71 Energy Variables . 74 Pollution V a r i a b l e s . 77 Discussion of Affective Variables . 81 General Questions . 82 Serious Environmental Problems . 87 Community problems . 87 State p r o b l e m s . 88 National problems (first set) . 89 National problems (second set) . 89 World p r o b l e m s . 90 Analysis of D a t a . 91 Cognitive variables . 91 General ecology variables . 93 Population variables . 97 Resource variables . 99 Energy variables . 101 Pollution variables . 103 v 5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 107 S u m m a r y . 107 Procedure . 108 Analysis of D a t a . 108 C o n c l u s i o n s . 109 General Ecological Concepts . 109 Population Education . 111 Resources and Resource U s e . 112 Energy E d u c a t i o n . 113 Pollution Education . 114 A t t i t u d e s . 115 Recommendations . 115 6. A STATE PLAN IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION FOR LOUISIANA . 117 Introduction. 117 Statement of N e e d . 117 Who Should be T a u g h t ? 118 What Should be T a u g h t ? 119 D e f i n i t i o n . 119 Main G o a l s . 120 Other G o a l s . 121 How Can These Goals Be A c h i e v e d ? 122 General Curriculum Objectives . 124 General Ecology . 126 P o p u l a t i o n . 126 R e s o u r c e s . 131 E n e r g y . 133 P o l l u t i o n . 134 Facilities and Resources . 137 M u s e u m s . 137 State Parks, Commemorative, and Preservation Areas . 139 City Parks and Parish P a r k s . 140 National Forest and Other Federally Owned Lands . 140 School Sites . 141 Other R e s o u r c e s . 141 S u m m a r y . 142 Future of Environment Education . 142 C o n c l u s i o n . 144 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 145