Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intracellular Activation of SGN-35, a Potent Anti-CD30 Antibody-Drug Conjugate

Purpose: SGN-35 is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) containing the potent antimitotic drug, monomethylauristatin E (MMAE), linked to the anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody, cAC10. As previously shown, SGN-35 treatment regresses and cures established Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma xenografts. Recently, the ADC has been shown to possess pronounced activity in clinical trials. Here, we investigate the molecular basis for the activities of SGN-35 by determining the extent of targeted intracellular drug release and retention, and bystander activities. Experimental Design: SGN-35 was prepared with 14C-labeled MMAE. Intracellular ADC activation on CD30+ and negative cell lines was determined using a combination of radiometric and liquid chromatograhpy/mass spectrometry-based assays. The bystander activity of SGN-35 was determined using mixed tumor cell cultures consisting of CD30+ and CD30− lines. Results: SGN-35 treatment of CD30+ cells leads to efficient intracellular release of chemically unmodified MMAE, with intracellular concentrations of MMAE in the range of 500 nmol/L. This was due to specific ADC binding, uptake, MMAE retention, and receptor recycling or resynthesis. MMAE accounts for the total detectable released drug from CD30+ cells, and has a half-life of retention of 15 to 20 h. Cytotoxicity studies with mixtures of CD30+ and CD30− cell lines indicated that diffusible released MMAE from CD30+ cells was able to kill cocultivated CD30− cells. Conclusions: MMAE is efficiently released from SGN-35 within CD30+ cancer cells and, due to its membrane permeability, is able to exert cytotoxic activity on bystander cells. This provides mechanistic insight into the pronounced preclinical and clinical antitumor activities observed with SGN-35. Clin Cancer Res; 16(3); 888–97
Wideband DOA estimation algorithms for multiple target detection and tracking using unattended acoustic sensors

The problem of detection, tracking and localization of multiple wideband sources (ground vehicles) using unattended passive acoustic sensors is considered in this paper. Existing methods typically fail to detect, resolve and track multiple closely spaced sources in tight formations, especially in the presence of clutter and wind noise. In this paper, several existing wideband direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms are extended and applied to this problem. A modified version of the Steered Covariance Matrix (STCM) algorithm is presented that uses a two-step search process. To overcome the problems of existing DOA estimation methods, new wideband versions of the narrowband Capon beamforming method are proposed that use various algorithms for combining power spectra from different frequency bins. These methods are then implemented and benchmarked on a real acoustic signature data set that contains multiple ground targets moving in tight formations.
Supervised Classification of Agricultural Land Cover Using a Modified k-NN Technique (MNN) and Landsat Remote Sensing Imagery

Nearest neighbor techniques are commonly used in remote sensing, pattern recognition and statistics to classify objects into a predefined number of categories based on a given set of predictors. These techniques are especially useful for highly nonlinear relationship between the variables. In most studies the distance measure is adopted a priori. In contrast we propose a general procedure to find an adaptive metric that combines a local variance reducing technique and a linear embedding of the observation space into an appropriate Euclidean space. To illustrate the application of this technique, two agricultural land cover classifications using mono-temporal and multi-temporal Landsat scenes are presented. The results of the study, compared with standard approaches used in remote sensing such as maximum likelihood (ML) or k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) indicate substantial improvement with regard to the overall accuracy and the cardinality of the calibration data set. Also, using MNN in a soft/fuzzy classification framework demonstrated to be a very useful tool in order to derive critical areas that need some further attention and investment concerning additional calibration data.
Distributed STBC with relay subset selection for single carrier relay-assisted transmissions

This paper investigates the coding gain achieved between the best relay and the relay subset selection in a two-hop wireless network with relay-assisted transmission. Both best relay and relay subset selection achieves the maximum diversity, but the later becomes a better alternative in certain scenarios. First in low mobility scenarios, when the channel fading remains static for longer duration and this could result in an unfair usage of the same (best) relay terminal for an extended period of time. Second, when there is a power constraint which limits the maximum transmit power at the relay terminals. We have presented a simple technique for calculating the pairwise error probability (PEP) upper bound for distributed time-reversal space-time block code (D-TR-STBC) with best relay and relay subset selection, which offers an easy way of quantifying the coding gain achieved. Results from the numerical simulation of error probabilities are given to corroborate our analysis.
Positional adaptation of processors: application to energy reduction

Although adaptive processors can exploit application variability to improve performance or save energy, effectively managing their adaptivity is challenging. To address this problem, we introduce a new approach to adaptivity: the positional approach. In this approach, both the testing of configurations and the application of the chosen configurations are associated with particular code sections. This is in contrast to the currently-used temporal approach to adaptation, where both the testing and application of configurations are tied to successive intervals in time. We propose to use subroutines as the granularity of code sections in positional adaptation. Moreover, we design three implementations of subroutine-based positional adaptation that target energy reduction in three different workload environments: embedded or specialized server, general purpose, and highly dynamic. All three implementations of positional adaptation are much more effective than temporal schemes. On average, they boost the energy savings of applications by 50% and 84% over temporal schemes in two experiments.
Changes to Euchromatin on LAT and ICP4 Following Reactivation Are More Prevalent in an Efficiently Reactivating Strain of HSV-1

Background Epigenetic mechanisms, via post-translational histone modifications, have roles in the establishment and maintenance of latency of the HSV-1 genome in the sensory neurons. Considering that many post-translational histone marks are reversible in nature, epigenetic mechanisms may also play a critical role in the process of induced HSV-1 reactivation. Methodology/Principal Findings This study utilized the rabbit ocular model of HSV-1 infection and reactivation, induced by the transcorneal iontophoresis of epinephrine (TCIE), to characterize changes to chromatin that occur between 0.5 and 4 h following the application of the reactivation stimulus. Our goal was to explore the hypothesis that chromatin remodeling is an early and essential step in the process of HSV-1 reactivation. Analysis of the HSV-1 latently infected rabbit trigeminal ganglia (TG) showed that enrichment of the euchromatic marker H3K4me2 significantly decreased in the LAT 5′exon region (∼2.5-fold) and significantly increased in the lytic ICP4 promoter region (∼3-fold) by 1 h post-TCIE in the highly efficient reactivating McKrae strain of HSV-1. In contrast, we observed no significant change in the euchromatic marks of H3K4me2 associated with LAT 5′exon or ICP4 promoter regions of the poorly reactivating KOS strain of HSV-1 following TCIE through 4 h. The implication that these observed epigenetic changes were linked to transcriptional activity was confirmed by qRT-PCR examining both LAT and lytic transcript abundance following TCIE. We found a significant decrease in the abundance of LAT RNA by 2 h post-iontophoresis of epinephrine coupled to an increase in the transcript abundance of ICP4 in the McKrae strain of HSV-1. By comparison, we observed no change in the LAT or ICP4 transcript abundance of the poor reactivator KOS following iontophoresis of epinephrine through 4 h. Conclusions/Significance Our results implicate that chromatin remodeling is an early and essential step involved in the process of in vivo HSV-1 reactivation.
Up-Regulation of leucocytes Genes Implicated in Telomere Dysfunction and Cellular Senescence Correlates with Depression and Anxiety Severity Scores

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is frequently associated with chronic medical illness responsible of increased disability and mortality. Inflammation and oxidative stress are considered to be the major mediators of the allostatic load, and has been shown to correlate with telomere erosion in the leucocytes of MDD patients, leading to the model of accelerated aging. However, the significance of telomere length as an exclusive biomarker of aging has been questioned on both methodological and biological grounds. Furthermore, telomeres significantly shorten only in patients with long lasting MDD. Sensitive and dynamic functional biomarkers of aging would be clinically useful to evaluate the somatic impact of MDD. Methodology To address this issue we have measured in the blood leucocytes of MDD patients (N = 17) and controls (N = 16) the expression of two genes identified as robust biomarkers of human aging and telomere dysfunction: p16INK4a and STMN1. We have also quantified the transcripts of genes involved in the repair of oxidative DNA damage at telomeres (OGG1), telomere regulation and elongation (TERT), and in the response to biopsychological stress (FOS and DUSP1). Results The OGG1, p16INK4a, and STMN1 gene were significantly up-regulated (25 to 100%) in the leucocytes of MDD patients. Expression of p16INK4a and STMN1 was directly correlated with anxiety scores in the depression group, and that of p16INK4a, STMN and TERT with the depression and anxiety scores in the combined sample (MDD plus controls). Furthermore, we identified a unique correlative pattern of gene expression in the leucocytes of MDD subjects. Conclusions Expression of p16INK4 and STMN1 is a promising biomarker for future epidemiological assessment of the somatic impact of depressive and anxious symptoms, at both clinical and subclinical level in both depressive patients and general population.
Elastic Strips: A Framework for Motion Generation in Human Environments

Robotic applications are expanding into dynamic, unstructured, and populated environments. Mechanisms specifically designed to address the challenges arising in these environments, such as humanoid robots, exhibit high kinematic complexity. This creates the need for new algorithmic approaches to motion generation, capable of performing task execution and real-time obstacle avoidance in high-dimensional configuration spaces. The elastic strip framework presented in this paper enables the execution of a previously planned motion in a dynamic environment for robots with many degrees of freedom. To modify a motion in reaction to changes in the environment, real-time obstacle avoidance is combined with desired posture behavior. The modification of a motion can be performed in a task-consistent manner, leaving task execution unaffected by obstacle avoidance and posture behavior. The elastic strip framework also encompasses methods to suspend task behavior when its execution becomes inconsistent with other constraints imposed on the motion. Task execution is resumed automatically, once those constraints have been removed. Experiments demonstrating these capabilities on a nine-degree-of-freedom mobile manipulator and a 34-degree-of-freedom humanoid robot are presented, proving the elastic strip framework to be a powerful and versatile task-oriented approach to real-time motion generation and motion execution for robots with a large number of degrees of freedom in dynamic environments.
Assessing sleep consciousness within subjects using a serial awakening paradigm

Dreaming—a particular form of consciousness that occurs during sleep—undergoes major changes in the course of the night. We aimed to outline state-dependent features of consciousness using a paradigm with multiple serial awakenings/questionings that allowed for within as well as between subject comparisons. Seven healthy participants who spent 44 experimental study nights in the laboratory were awakened by a computerized sound at 15–30 min intervals, regardless of sleep stage, and questioned for the presence or absence of sleep consciousness. Recall without content (“I was experiencing something but do not remember what”) was considered separately. Subjects had to indicate the content of the most recent conscious experience prior to the alarm sound and to estimate its duration and richness. We also assessed the degree of thinking and perceiving, self- and environment-relatedness and reflective consciousness of the experiences. Of the 778 questionings, 5% were performed during wakefulness, 2% in stage N1, 42% in N2, 33% in N3, and 17% in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Recall with content was reported in 34% of non-REM and in 77% of REM sleep awakenings. Sleep fragmentation inherent to the study design appeared to only minimally affect the recall of conscious experiences. Each stage displayed a unique combination of characteristic features of sleep consciousness. In conclusion, our serial awakening paradigm allowed us to collect a large and representative sample of conscious experiences across states of being. It represents a time-efficient method for the study of sleep consciousness that may prove particularly advantageous when combined with techniques such as functional MRI and high-density EEG.
Combinatorial Systems Evolution: Example of Standard for Multimedia Information

The article addresses the issues of combinatorial evolution of standards in transmission of multimedia information including the following: (a) brief descriptions of basic combinatorial models as multicriteria ranking, knapsack-like problems, clustering, combinatorial synthesis, multistage design, (b) a description of standard series (MPEG) for video information processing and a structural (combinatorial) description of system changes for the standards, (c) a set of system change operations (including multi-attribute description of the operations and binary relations over the operations), (d) combinatorial models for the system changes, and (e) a multistage combinatorial scheme (heuristic) for the analysis of the system changes. Expert experience is used. Numerical examples illustrate the suggested problems, models, and procedures.
Dynamic shortest path problem with travel-time-dependent stochastic disruptions : hybrid approximate dynamic programming algorithms with a clustering approach

We consider a dynamic shortest path problem with stochastic disruptions in the network. We use both historical information and real-time information of the network for the dynamic routing decisions. We model the problem as a discrete time nite horizon Markov Decision Process (MDP). For networks with many levels of disruptions, the MDP faces the curses of dimensionality. We rst apply Approximate Dynamic Programming (ADP) algorithm with a standard value function approximation. Then, we improve the ADP algorithm by exploiting the structure of the disruption transition functions. We develop a hybrid ADP with a clustering approach using both a deterministic lookahead policy and a value function approximation. We develop a test bed of networks to evaluate the quality of the solutions. The hybrid ADP algorithm with clustering approach signicantly reduces the computational time, while still
Two-valued integrand coding transmission of multi-rate quasi-synchronous CDMA signals convolved by real-valued self-orthogonal finite-length sequences

The next generation mobile communication system is desired to transmit multimedia information at multi-rate. Two-valued integrand codes are applied to the realization of the multi-rate quasi-synchronous CDMA system using real-valued self-orthogonal finite-length sequences with zero correlation zone. Each user data of multi-level and multi-interval and a common synchronizing sequence are convolved with the user sequence and converted to two-valued integrand coding signal. The signal passes through low pass filters in a transmitter and a receiver and is changed to a real-valued signal. In the receiver, the desired data are detected by the correlation processing with the respective code. This transmission system suppresses distortion on amplitude limitation and quantization, and interchannel and intersymbol interferences. Two-valued integrand coding contributes to easy amplification and modulation.
Matching multilingual subject vocabularies

Most libraries and other cultural heritage institutions use controlled knowledge organisation systems, such as thesauri, to describe their collections. Unfortunately, as most of these institutions use different such systems, unified access to heterogeneous collections is difficult. Things are even worse in an international context when concepts have labels in different languages. In order to overcome the multilingual interoperability problem between European Libraries, extensive work has been done to manually map concepts from different knowledge organisation systems, which is a tedious and expensive process. Within the TELplus project, we developed and evaluated methods to automatically discover these mappings, using different ontology matching techniques. In experiments on major French, English and German subject heading lists Rameau, LCSH and SWD, we show that we can automatically produce mappings of surprisingly good quality, even when using relatively naive translation and matching methods.
A Pentagonal Number Sieve

We prove a general “pentagonal sieve” theorem that has corollaries such as the following. First, the number of pairs of partitions of n that have no parts in common isp(n)2? p(n? 1)2? p(n? 2)2+p(n? 5)2+p(n? 7)2? Second, if two unlabeled rooted forests of the same number of vertices are chosen i.u. a.r. , then the probability that they have no common tree is . 8705? Third, iff,gare two monic polynomials of the same degree over the fieldGF(q), then the probability thatf,gare relatively prime is 1? 1/q. We give explicit involutions for the pentagonal sieve theorem, generalizing earlier mappings found by Bressoud and Zeilberger.
Policy modeling in risk-driven environment

In this paper, the main challenges of applying ICT in policy modeling are described and a solution is proposed, which emphasizes policy impact exploration, monitoring and risk management. State of the art of policy modeling is given, with the summary of those features of our solution, which goes beyond the available approaches. The paper will be structured as follows: First, the challenges of the ICT utilization for policy modeling are detailed. Next theoretical background of policy modeling is discussed, followed by research overview. The proposed solution -- policy modeling cycle and the corresponding system is presented in the following section. Finally, conclusion and future work are shown.
Urban Poverty, Segregation and Social Networks in São Paulo and Salvador, Brazil

General consensus exists concerning the relevance of networks and space in poverty situations, despite a considerable dispute on the prominence of each element. While social-support and poverty debates highlight the joint importance of space and networks, the research agenda on contemporary communities suggests that networks have recently started replacing space in social integration. These debates mainly consider networks and ties normatively and are restricted to the global North, hampering the formulation of comparative interpretations and more theoretical conclusions. This article discusses the relationship between space, sociability and poverty, based on research results on networks of poor individuals in two major Brazilian metropolises -Salvador and Sao Paulo. Research indicates the existence of great heterogeneity in the networks of poor individuals, although with substantial differences, on average, to middle-class individuals. Certain types of networks and sociability are systematically associated with better living conditions, employment and income. Additionally, network mobilization by individuals presents important regularities associated with social mechanisms, understood as regular patterns that trigger or cause certain results. These mechanisms explain to a great extent the heterogeneity of networks, and mediate the individual's access to opportunities and everyday assistance. They therefore contribute decisively to the production (and reproduction) of urban poverty.
Observing the Dynamics of the Online News Ecosystem

According to previous research, online news production is characterized by the volatility and fast pace of reporting as well as by the interplay of various contributors to news flows within the online news ecosystem. However, as both concepts are challenging to study, research discovering the dynamics of news flows at the ecosystem level is rare. Utilizing techniques of automated content analysis and big databases of online news content, this paper proposes an approach to make the pace and dynamics of news diffusion processes among online news sites observable. It reviews several lines of argument for the fast pace of online news production based on “breaking news” coverage, immediacy as a norm, and imitation among online news providers. Applying an analytical framework from diffusion of news events research, we find recurring dynamics for the diffusion processes of 95 events among 28 German online news sites. We distinguish three clusters of diffusion processes based on their temporal patterns. On average, it takes only 1.5 hours for a majority of online news sites to report news of the 43 events in the largest cluster. The narrow timing of broadly shared news decisions within the ecosystem reveals a strong potential for abrupt surges or bursts in online news flows.
Research and simulation of frequency jitter technique in restraining conducted EMI

Larger amplitude of the harmonic with a concentrated energy spectrum of the input current is the blind side of the traditional PWM-based converter. This paper analyzed the frequency jitter technique and used the sinusoidal, triangular and exponential signal to simulate. And the effects of frequency jitter technique with different slope coefficients triangular signals and different concavity coefficients exponential signals were analyzed. The simulation results show that using triangular signal with the slope coefficient of 0.5 can get a flatter spectrum which has the bigger reduced amplitude. Furthermore, in combination with the UC1524A, triangle signal was used as the modulation signal to reduce the electromagnetic interference produced by buck voltage regulator, which is controlled by the PWM. It shows frequency jitter technique can disperse the energy of the interference. The conducted electromagnetic interference is reduced effectively after using the frequency jitter technique.