Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of a current-mode fully programmable Interval Type-2 fuzzifier for general-purpose applications

This paper presents a new current-mode accurate and fully programmable Interval Type-2 (IT2) membership function generator (MFG) in 0.18-μm CMOS technology. This IT2 MFG is based on a Type-1(T1) MFG that uses a new method for slope tuning. The proposed slope tuning method, leads to smaller active area and also significantly smaller total die area by reducing the number of required pins in comparison with previous methods. Small area, low power consumption and especially suitable programming method, makes the proposed IT2 MFG suitable for fuzzifier block of general-purpose Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs). The proposed IT2 MFG has an average power consumption of 800μW and occupies 0.0032mm2. Simulation results using HSPICE for TSMC 0.18μm CMOS technology are presented to analyze the behavior of designed circuits.
Anthropometric determinants of low birth weight in newborns of Hoshiarpur district ( Punjab )-A hospital based study

Objective: The main aim of the study was to determine best surrogate anthropometric measurement to determine low birth weight newborns among institutional deliveries in district Hoshiarpur, Panjab (India). Subjects: Subjects comprises of 504 newborns of singleton pregnant women delivering in reputed hospitals of Hoshiarpur, Panjab (India). Methods: Singleton pregnant women were booked in last trimester of pregnancy and followed them till delivery. Selective newborn measurements were taken within 48 hours of birth using standard scales. Results: In the present study, out of 504 newborn babies studied, 20.23% were having birth weight <2500gm. Birth weight was significantly correlated with all selected anthropometric measurements i.e. Crown Heel Length (CHL), Head circumference (HC), Chest circumference (CC), Mid-arm circumference (MAC), Abdominal circumference (AC), Thigh circumference (TC), Subscapular, Biceps, triceps, thigh and calf skinfold thicknesses at p<0.01. Univariate linear regression analysis was done to identify the optimal cut off points of these anthropometric measures to identify low birth weight babies. Conclusion: Mid-arm circumference was found to be best surrogate measurement followed by chest circumference to identify low birth weight newborns.
LIFE AND DEATH ALONG GASOLINE ALLEY: DARWINIAN AND LAMARCKIAN PROCESSES IN A DIFFERENTIATING POPULATION

Despite the topic's centrality to theorizing in organizational ecology, no study has examined in detail how founding, failure, and transformation events combine over time to achieve population-level change. We examined Darwinian and Lamarckian processes of population reconfiguration within the gasoline retail industry at two nested levels of analysis, studying both individual outlets and parent companies. Our findings demonstrate how Darwinian processes at the unit (outlet) level may lead to Lamarckian adaptations at the organization (company) level through purposive replication of successful forms.
Are Credit Ratings Still Relevant

We document that firms' stock prices react significantly less to credit rating downgrade announcements when credit default swaps (CDS) trade on their debts. The impact of CDS trading is more pronounced for firms with high-information and financing-related frictions. Prior to a rating downgrade, the ability to trade credit risk via CDS generates information flows from the CDS to equity markets, thereby decreasing the informativeness of credit rating downgrades. Ex post, the ability of lenders to hedge in the CDS market mitigates the loss in access to and cost of financing for downgraded firms. While the CDS market is not a perfect substitute for credit ratings, our results suggest that equity investors rely less on credit ratings in the presence of CDS trading.
Consistency in the host specificity and host sensitivity of the Bacteroides HF183 marker for sewage pollution tracking

Aims: The host specificity (H‐SPF) and host sensitivity (H‐SNV) values of the sewage‐associated HF183 Bacteroides marker in the current study were compared with the previously published studies in South East Queensland (SEQ), Australia, by testing a large number of wastewater and faecal DNA samples (n = 293) from 11 target and nontarget host groups. This was carried out to obtain information on the consistency in the H‐SPF and H‐SNV values of the HF183 marker for sewage pollution tracking in SEQ.
Present state and emerging scenarios of digital rights management systems

Abstract This article focuses on technological solutions, such as Digital Rights Management Systems (DRMS), which enable on one hand rights protection of intellectual property digital content, and on the other hand it should increase security and privacy of confidential and personal information exchange over semi open or open networks such as the Internet. First, this article will define and provide an overview of the key components of DRMS and respond to the questions of why such systems are needed, where they can be used, and how these systems work. Second, it will discuss the advantages and drawbacks of current DRMS. It will respond to the questions of what are the advantages and drawbacks when using such systems. Finally, this article puts forward four key factors for the emergence of DRMS: legal, regulatory & technologicaly, business, and the social environment. It then applies these factors to define two contrasting and polar emergence scenarios, the “weak DRMS’ and ‘strong DRMS’ scenario. With a framework established, this paper goes on to argue that the ‘weak DRMS’ scenario will remain the status quo in the short term. Primarily because of slow emergence of legislation on global scale, lack of a pervasive technology standard, contrasting interest among stakeholders, and consumer resistance to restrictive technologies that erode existing freedoms.
The effects of free banking on overall satisfaction: the use of automated teller machines

At present banks and building societies cross‐subsidize certain types of accounts, namely student accounts, from profits made in other areas of their business. The banks and building societies offer free or subsidized banking in an attempt to attract and retain new business from people who may have higher earning capacity in the future. Most banks in the UK offer a free £400 overdraft and lower interest rates/charges on loans (7 per cent against 18.9 per cent) services and overdrafts over this level to students. Tests a hypothesized model which is designed to measure the effects of free banking on perceived overall satisfaction attached to the use of automated teller machines (ATMs) for bank services. Overall, a number of important differences were found between students and “normal” customers with regard to confidence, charges and frequency of use.
Product variety: an auto industry analysis and a benchmarking study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a product variety multi‐market study in the auto industry and to conduct a benchmarking analysis of the practical findings against the theoretical ones obtained in a European Community Research Project (Intelligent Logistics for Innovative Product Technologies – ILIPT) that aims to rethink the automotive supply chain.Design/methodology/approach – The authors conduct an exploratory research including an empirical multi‐market study, which embraces many significant passenger car models from a global vehicle manufacturer in relevant automotive markets. To provide a rich dataset, the authors utilize a combination of data collection techniques including interviews, contextual performance data and a detailed analysis of product offerings available from the vehicle manufacturer's regional web sites. This paper also shares the experience of a European Community Research Project benchmarking the results for the automobile industry.Findings – In this paper, product .
A 60-GHz 1-V Supply Band-Tunable Power Amplifier in 65-nm CMOS

This brief presents the design of a band-tunable 60-GHz CMOS power amplifier using 65-nm standard CMOS technology. To achieve high gain and PAE over the whole 7-GHz frequency band, this amplifier utilizes a differential band switching circuit to tune the center frequency to the channel in use, whereas high-Q transformer matching and deep-neutralized differential pairs are employed to achieve high gain and PAE in a narrow bandwidth. The amplifier achieves saturated output power of 12.3 dBm and peak PAE of 20.4% with a 1-V supply and a 63-mA current. The peak gain is 17.1 dB at 59 GHz and 16.2 dB at 53.5 GHz for the two different frequency bands, respectively.
Color Coding

Research published in the last decade on color as a coding device is discussed. The method of absolute judgment yielded similar findings with respect to identifications of surface and luminous hues. These findings suggest that a reliable unidimensional hue code should not contain more than about tight optimally spaced stimuli. Variations in purity and luminance in addition to wavelength can significantly increase the number of usable code categories. However, criteria for code selection in a given situation should depend not only upon the number of visual objects to be differentially identified but also upon the type of task for which the code functions. In particular, color codes do not appear to be suited for situations that demand rapid and precise identification, whereas they are valuable in decreasing search-time with locate-type tasks.
An interactive virtual mirror to support makeup for visually impaired persons

Because visually impaired persons are not able to confirm the appearance of their own face, they are afraid of and uneasy about makeup. We have been developing a system that assists makeup application through verbal feedback according to the appearance of the user's face. The system encourages social communication by helping the user feel confident. In this paper, we introduce a new method of using a dedicated camera device and an image processing algorithm to quantify lip makeup. We designed the camera device to capture face images under different illumination types; white light and green light. In the image processing, we extract the lip area from a segmentation that uses the difference in saturation between two lighting conditions. We also developed a symmetry histogram-based geometrical feature of lip shape to estimate the symmetrical characteristics. The experimental results show that the proposed approach yields results close to a human's subjective evaluation.
ShodanVR: Immersive visualization of text records from the Shodan database

ShodanVR is an immersive visualization for querying and displaying text records from the Shodan database of Internet connected devices. Shodan provides port connection data retrieved from servers, routers, and other networked devices [2]. Cybersecurity professionals can glean this data for device populations, software versions, and potential security vulnerabilities [1].
Lipoprotein(a) Concentration Increases during Treatment with Carbamazepine

Summary: Purpose: Treatment with carbamazepine (CBZ) is known to affect apolipoprotein B–containing lipoprotein concentrations in serum. However, little is known about the effects of anticonvulsant drugs (AEDs) on lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], although Lp(a) has been characterized as independent cardiovascular risk factor. We investigated prospectively the effect of CBZ on lipoprotein(a) concentration in normolipidemic healthy adults.
An importance sampling method based on the density transformation of Lévy processes

In this paper, we develop an importance sampling method with the help of flexible control on the Lévy measure in the density transformation. The method has significant efficacy even on evaluating random variables with complex path-dependent structures. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate convergence acceleration through variance reduction with a view towards financial derivatives pricing.
The influence of mall shopping environment and motives on shoppers’ response: a conceptual model and empirical evidence

The aim of this research is to examine the influence of malls' shopping environmental cues, hedonic and utilitarian shopping motives on shoppers' response (satisfaction) through examining the mediating role of cognition (service quality) in shopping malls in Jordan. Data were collected from 600 malls shoppers of which 390 were subjected for the analysis using structural equation modelling. The findings indicate that malls' environmental cues, hedonic and utilitarian shopping motives positively influence shoppers' experiential outcomes. Experiential outcomes positively influence cognitive outcomes and the later positively affect shoppers' response. The cognitive outcomes fully mediate the effect of shoppers' experiential outcomes on their satisfaction. Malls operators and investors have empirical findings regarding malls shoppers' buying behaviour and drivers of their satisfaction to make sound strategic business decisions in developing countries e.g., Jordan. The empirical testing and validation of the emotion-cognition-response model in Jordan' shopping malls, for the first time, adds to the originality of this study.
Modeling and analysis of simultaneous information and energy transfer in Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) will allow unprecedented connectivity among devices and is predicted to make our world smarter. However, due to battery constraints, energy efficiency of IoT with numerous smart devices is a key challenge. Simultaneous information and energy transfer (SIET) is a promising method to provide green energy for energy‐constrained wireless networks. This paper, for the first time, investigates the modeling and analysis of SIET in a network where IoT nodes are powered via IoT gateways. Specifically, a Ginibre point process that captures the repulsion between spatially distributed nodes is used to model the IoT gateway network. The goal of our work is to uncover a strategy to balance the trade‐off between power outage probability and transmission outage probability by a careful design of the power split ratio of SIET. To achieve that, we derive closed‐form expressions for these 2 probabilities in IoT for a practical case. The simulation results verify our theoretical results and illustrate the effects of different network parameters (eg, transmit power and density of gateways and signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio threshold) on SIET.
Unstructured Direct Elicitation of Decision Rules

The authors investigate the feasibility of unstructured direct elicitation (UDE) of decision rules consumers use to form consideration sets. They incorporate incentives into the tested formats that prompt respondents to state noncompensatory, compensatory, or mixed rules for agents who will select a product for the respondents. In a mobile phone study, two validation tasks prompt respondents to indicate which of 32 mobile phones they would consider from a fractional design of features and levels. The authors find that UDE predicts consideration sets better, across both profiles and respondents, than a structured direct-elicitation method. It predicts comparably to established incentive-aligned compensatory, noncompensatory, and mixed decompositional methods. In a more complex automotive study, noncompensatory decomposition is not feasible and additive-utility decomposition is strained, but UDE scales well. The authors align incentives for all methods using prize indemnity insurance to award a chance at $40,000 for an automobile plus cash. They conclude that UDE predicts consideration sets better than either an additive decomposition or an established structured direct-elicitation method (CASEMAP).
Corporate social responsibility or cause‐related marketing? The role of cause specificity of CSR

Purpose – As cause‐related marketing (CRM) is usually subsumed under corporate social responsibility (CSR), in practice CSR and CRM can serve as different public relations tools. This study aims to compare the effect of CRS and CRM on customer attitude.Design/methodology/approach – In order to overcome various measurement problems, an experiment is conducted in a country characterized by a significant diversity of attitudes towards a cause.Findings – The result indicates that both CSR and CRM have similar positive effects on customers' attitudes. However, while CRM might be more cost‐efficient, its positive effect is limited to customers with high cause affinity. In contrast, CRM has a negative effect on customers with low cause affinity, or who oppose the cause. A major finding is that CRM can compensate for negative CSR to a high degree in the cause affinity segment of the market. Therefore, a high degree of cause specificity of CSR might only be preferable if the market is characterized by broad cause .
Study on a feeding circuit model formulated to use multipurpose solvers for multi-train simulators

Reduction of energy consumption is one of the recent key topics in railway sector. There are many investigations such as SiC devices, permanent magnet motors, onboard and stationary energy storage and reversible substations to absorb regenerative braking, energy efficient driving and traffic management. Multi-train simulators play an important role in evaluating the effect of these countermeasures. In the simulator, power feeding circuit must be modeled to calculate the energy consumption with high accuracy. There are some literatures of modeling and solving feeding circuits, however most of them linearized some nonlinear but important characteristics of trains and substations. We have also proposed a methodology of precise modeling and solving power feeding circuits of railway systems implemented in the multi-train simulator. The methodology is flexible and characterized by the special node numbering and introduction of ‘tie nodes’ which is solvable by multipurpose solvers. In this paper, we analyze the solvability of the methodology and introduce the virtual ‘tie nodes’ to decrease errors of circuit equation if the distance of two nodes is very near. The criterion whether the virtual tie node should be used or not is finally analyzed.
A Multilayered Secure , Robust and High Capacity Image Steganographic Algorithm

It is observed that all of the current steganographic algorithms rely heavily on the conventional encryption systems which do not serve well in the context of image steganography. Advanced encryption standard (AES) is one of the most powerful techniques of cryptography which can be used as an integral part of steganographic system for better confidentiality and security. In this paper we propose a reversible image steganographic embedding algorithm consisting of three parts. First, we use the selfsynchronization variable codes, viz., T-codes for encoding/compressing the original text message. Next, the encoded binary string is encrypted using an improved AES method. The encrypted message is then embedded in the high frequency bands obtained from the cover image by applying the 1-level decomposition of Double Density Dual Tree Discrete Wavelet Transform (DD DT DWT). This algorithm provides three layer of securityone layer at each level of compression, encryption and embedding, respectively. Thus, there is no chance that the intruder may detect the original message after couple of attacks. The algorithm is compared with the corresponding algorithm based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and found to be better in terms of imperceptibility, robustness and embedding capacity. Keywords-T-codes; AES; DD DT DWT; DWT; PSNR; SSIM.
An Investigation into the Antecedents of Organizational Participation in Business-to-Business Electronic Markets

Business-to-business electronic markets have a profound influence on the manner in which organizational buyers and sellers interact. As a result, it is important to develop an understanding of the behaviors of firms that participate in these markets. The authors develop a typology for the nature of organizational participation to explain the behaviors of user firms in business-to-business electronic markets. The proposed model hypothesizes that the nature of participation depends on organizational motivation and ability. The authors conceptualize motivational factors in terms of efficiency and legitimacy motivations and theorize that ability results from the influence of organizational learning and information technology capabilities. They test the model using organizational-level survey data from jewelry traders that conduct business in an electronic market. The results indicate that both motivation and ability are important in determining the nature of participation; however, the level of influence of motivation and ability varies with the nature of participation.
Endovascular Embolization of Intracranial Aneurysms

Intracranial aneurysm (ICA) is a common condition but with a high mortality rate when rupture occurs. The treatment of ruptured or unruptured ICA, especially with an endovascular approach, has been evolving rapidly. The current generally accepted opinion suggests that endovascular embolization is an effective technique for preventing the recurrence of aneurysm rupture, but the rebleeding rate after endovascular embolization is found to be higher than that after surgical clipping. In addition, long-term follow-up data are required for the evaluation of the effectiveness of endovascular treatment in unruptured ICA. This review presents the current understanding of ICA, the selection of optimal treatment approaches, and in particular, the advances in endovascular embolization in the treatment of ICA, including embolic materials, therapeutic and assisting techniques, long-term effectiveness, and limitations.
The Fourier Convolution Theorem over Finite Fields: Extensions of its Application to Error Control Coding

Linear spectral transform techniques such as the discrete Fourier transform and wavelet analysis over real and complex fields have been routinely applied in the literature (Burrus et al. (1998); Strang & Nuygen (1996)). Furthermore, extensions of these techniques over finite fields (Blahut & Burrus (1991); Caire et al. (1993)) have led to applications in the areas of information theory and error control coding (Blahut (2003); Dodd (2003); Sakk (2002); Wicker (1994)). The goal of this chapter is to review the Galois Field Fourier Transform, the associated convolution theorem and its application in the field of error control coding. In doing so, an interesting connection will be established relating the convolution theorem over finite fields to error control codes designed using finite geometries (Blahut (2003); Lin & Costello (1983); Wicker (1994)).
Optimal Monetary Policy in a Credit Economy

This paper investigates the performance of monetary policy rules in a credit economy. In particular, the paper considers whether or not performance depends upon financial market imperfection. For this purpose, the paper analyzes a credit economy model incorporating a financial friction into a new Keynesian macroeconomic model. The answer is yes. First, the central bank should respond to output rather than to inflation if the financial market is markedly imperfect. Second, under this market condition, the bank should not adopt policy smoothing. Third, the bank should not respond to inflation as aggressively under financial and wealth distribution shocks as under a common supply shock. The results are exactly the same even if the economy takes account of the stability of nominal interest rate or if the central bank responds to expected inflation rather than current inflation. The paper therefore does not support inflation targeting as the dominant strategy of monetary policy and suggests instead that, in practice, the Taylor rule might be more appropriate in fragile financial markets. Optimal Monetary Policy in a Credit Economy 1