Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the interpretation of tyrosinase inhibition kinetics

Abstract Tyrosinases (monophenol monooxygenases, EC 1.14.18.1) utilize a reaction mechanism that involves two intertwined catalytic cycles and at least three different ligand-binding enzyme forms. Therefore a variety of different inhibition types may arise in inhibition experiments, depending on the binding mode of the compound studied. Here we discuss a steady-state equation that describes inhibition of the diphenolase cycle of tyrosinase catalysis in a general way. In addition, we employ numerical simulations to explore the kinetic outcome of various binding schemes. As the full equation is far too complex to be applicable for data evaluation by curve fitting, we propose to use the general modifier scheme of Botts–Morales for fitting and demonstrate that especially the value of parameter α of the equation allows conclusions about the binding mode of the inhibitor. The approach is exemplified by selected data describing the inhibition of human tyrosinase by typical inhibitors.
Support vector machines for prostate lesion classification

Support vector machines (SVM) are applied to the problem of prostate lesion classification for the SPIE ProstateX Challenge 2016, achieving a score of 0.82 AUC on held-out test data. Square 5mm transverse image patches are extracted around each lesion center from aligned MRI scans. Three MRI modalities are simultaneously analyzed: T2-weighted, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and volume transfer constant (Ktrans). Extracted patches are used to train a binary classifier to predict clinical significance. The machine learning algorithm is trained on 76 positive cases and 254 negative cases (330 total) from the challenge. The method is conceptually simple, trains in a few seconds and yields competitive results.
Intraoperative assessment of bone cuts to guide surgical technique during total knee arthroplasty.

Correction of deformity with bone resection matched to the thickness of the prosthesis is a required surgical placement (Fig. 1). Current instrumentation used during total Cstrategy to achieve a well-functioning total knee re-knee arthroplasty consists of external jigs that surgeons manually align to achieve proper bone cuts and implant position. However, alignment errors of 3° to 5° can occur, contributing to improper component and limb alignment. Verification of templating and instrument alignment can be approached intraoperatively with a low-tech method (i.e., measuring the removed bone with calipers and recording the measurement on a pathway grid) or a high-tech method (i.e., computer-assisted surgical navigation). Such intraoperative measurement of bone resection during total knee arthroplasty creates a pathway for identifying surgical errors early in the decision-making process, when it is easy to make compensatory adjustments with the remaining cuts. This aids the identification of the location and timing of compounding errors. The objectives of this study were (1) to verify instrument alignment in total knee arthroplasty by monitoring femoral and tibial bone cuts with use of either caliper (low-tech) or navigation (high-tech) methods; (2) to create a generalized and traceable bone-cut pathway, independent of surgical instruments and technique; and (3) to assess intraoperatively the cumulative effects of tibial and femoral bone resection on balancing and alignment for total knee arthroplasty. In this study, approved by our institutional review board, two surgical techniques were evaluated in two patient populations who underwent total knee arthroplasty with the same prosthetic design (3D Knee; Encore Medical, Austin, Texas) (Table I). The bone cut group consisted of fifty-eight knees in which intraoperative measurements of resected bone were completed with use of handheld calipers. The bone cut + navigation group consisted of twenty-three knees in which intraoperative measurements of resected bone were completed with use of handheld calipers …
microRNA analysis for the detection of autologous blood transfusion in doping control

Blood transfusion (BT) as blood doping practice is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and can be abused by cheating athletes to increase the rate of oxygen transport to tissues with the aim to improve sport performance. At present, a method for the detection of Homologous Blood Transfusion (HBT) has been implemented by the WADA accredited antidoping laboratories worldwide, while no internationally recognized method has been finalized so far for the direct detection of autologous blood transfusions (ABT), which can at present be only detected indirectly by targeting longitudinal profiling of key hematological parameters. In this perspective, several researches approaching different fields are underway to find reliable biomarkers to be suitable in the development of a method to directly detect autologous blood transfusion. microRNA analysis for the detection of autologous blood transfusion in doping control
A Supervised Word Sense Disambiguation Method Using Ontology and Context Knowledge

Word Sense Disambiguation is one of the basic tasks in Natural language processing. It is the method of selecting the correct sense of the word in the given context. It is applied whenever a semantic understanding of text is needed. In order to disambiguate a word, two resources are necessary: a context in which the word has been used, and some kind of knowledge related to the word. This paper presents a method for word sense disambiguation task using a tree-matching approach. The method requires a context knowledge base containing the corpus of sentences. This paper also gives some preliminary results when a corpus containing the ambiguous words is tested on this system. Keywords: Natural Language Understanding, Word Sense Disambiguation; Tree-matching; dependent-word matching
Analysis on Structural Stress of 64 × 64 InSb IRFPAs with Temperature Dependent Elastic Underfill

To improve the reliability of InSb IRFPAs, underfill has usually been filled between InSb chip and Si ROIC. Around the glass transition temperature, underfill shows viscoelasticity, yet, far below it, which shows apparently temperature dependent mechanical properties. Basing on the temperature dependent elastic model of underfill, firstly a small format array of elements InSb IRFPAs is investigated by changing indium bump diameters and heights; simulated results show that the maximum stress in InSb chip has nothing to do with underfill height and is dependent on indium bump diameter; the varying tendency is just like the horizontally extended letter U. When indium bump diameter is set to 24 m with height 21 m, the maximal stress in InSb chip reaches minimum. To learn the stress in elements in short time, with the above optimal structure, InSb IRFPAs array scale is doubled once again from to elements. Simulation results show that the stress maximum in InSb chip is strongly determined by arrays format and increases with array scale; yet, the stress maximum in Si ROIC almost keeps constant and is independent on array sizes; besides, the largest stress locates in InSb chip, and the stress distribution in InSb chip is uniform.
COMPARING MULTIPLE PROTEIN BINDING PROFILES IN CHIP-SEQ EXPERIMENTS

New high-throughput sequencing technologies can generate millions of short sequences in a single experiment. As the size of the data increases, comparison of multiple experiments on different cell lines under different experimental conditions becomes a big challenge. In this paper, we investigate ways to compare multiple ChIP-seq experiments. We specifically studied epigenetic regulation of breast cancer and the effect of estrogen using 50 ChIP-seq data from Illumina Genome Analizer II. First, we evaluate the correlation among different experiments focusing on total number of reads in transcribed regions of the genome. Then, we adopt the method that is used to identify most stable genes in RT-PCR experiments to understand background signal across all experiments and to identify most variably transcribed regions of the genome. Gene ontology and function enrichment analysis on the 100 most variable genes demonstrate the biological relevance of the results. In this study, we present a method can effectively select diferentially transcribed regions based on protein binding profiles over multiple experiments using real data points without any normalization among the samples.
p-wave superconductivity in cubic metals.

Group theory is used to classify p-wave superconducting states in a cubic crystal with spin-orbit coupling. All possible stable states are obtained based on the most general form of the Ginzburg-Landau free energy. Within the weak-coupling theory all stable states have real order parameters. These real states are even under time-reversal symmetry. However, in general, states with complex order parameters are also possible. In these complex states time-reversal symmetry is broken. This broken symmetry may show up through the existence of a Josephson current between a complex p-wave state and a usual s-wave superconductor. The form of the pairing in a magnetic field is also discussed.
Alcohol management in community sports clubs: impact on viability and participation.

ISSUE ADDRESSED Whether improved alcohol management delivers additional benefits to clubs in the form of financial viability, expanded membership, increased spectators and greater capacity for competition. METHODS Measures were derived from 657 Australian community sporting clubs enrolled in the Good Sports program. The program assists clubs to manage alcohol through an accreditation process that sets minimum standards for regulatory compliance, club practices and policies. Measures were taken from survey information collected prior to Level 1 accreditation and at the third and final level of club accreditation. RESULTS Income was found to increase and reliance on alcohol as a funding source was found to diminish over time. Membership increased and was accelerated among females, young people and non-players. No changes in the number of junior and senior teams or players were found. CONCLUSIONS Improved alcohol management can produce a range of benefits beyond responsible drinking patterns that add to club sustainability.
Characterization of an in vitro perfused rat ovary model: ovulation rate, oocyte maturation, steroidogenesis and influence of PMSG priming.

An in vitro perfused rat ovary model was characterized with respect to ovulation rate, oocyte maturation and steroidogenesis after priming with various doses of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) (10, 20 or 30 IU PMSG s.c. in the morning of day 28). In ovaries stimulated with LH 0.1 microgram ml-1 after 1 h of perfusion the number of ovulations was significantly higher in the 20 IU PMSG group than in the to IU PMSG group (6.8 +/- 1.0 ovulations per treated ovary versus 2.4 +/- 1.2, P less than 0.01). Priming with 30 IU PMSG did not result in significantly more or fewer ovulations than did 10 or 20 IU PMSG. No ovaries in the non-stimulated control groups ovulated. Oocytes retrieved directly at ovulation were mature (GVB or PB stage). Among oocytes retrieved from pre-ovulatory follicles punctured at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after stimulation with LH 0.1 microgram ml-1 there was an increasing number of oocytes with GVB (0/10 at 0 h and 10/10 at 8 h). Stimulation with LH resulted in a rapid release of progesterone, testosterone and oestradiol into the medium, whereas non-stimulated control ovaries exhibited a slow rise of all steroids throughout the perfusion period. It is concluded that priming with 20 IU PMSG in this model results in an optimal number of ovulations and that this model provides a useful tool in studies of various kinds of modifying influences on the ovulatory process.
Optimising data placement and traffic routing for energy saving in Backbone Networks

The energy consumption of network elements has become a big concern due to the exponential traffic growth and the rapid expansion of communication infrastructures. To deal with this problem, we propose a new approach called Backbone network Energy Saving based on Traffic engineering (BEST), which reduces the power consumption of network elements at the backbone level through jointly optimising data placement and traffic routing. Based on analysis on traffic characteristics, BEST firstly optimises the placement of data services such that the pairwise traffic demands can be better coordinated with the pairwise network costs, in order to minimise the traffic burden imposed on the network elements. Then, BEST optimises the routing of traffic flows and tries to find the minimum‐power network subset that must remain active to fulfill the traffic requirements. Efficient heuristics are given by BEST to find an admissible solution when the problem size is very large. The simulation results illustrate the efficacy and efficiency of BEST in energy conservation on backbone networks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Body mass and osteoarthritic pain: results from a study in general practice.

OBJECTIVES To define the relationship between BMI and pain due to osteoarthritis (OA) of the hand, hip, and knee in patients seen in general practice; to evaluate if overweight is related to co-morbidity and education, and influences the prescription patterns of GPs. METHODS 2,764 Italian GPs recruited 10 consecutive patients with symptomatic OA, diagnosed according to the ACR criteria. Pain intensity on a visual analogue scale, BMI, years of formal education, comorbidities, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, and referral to specialists were recorded. RESULTS The most painful joints were the knee in 12,827 patients (53.6%), the hip in 5,645 (23.6%), and the hand in 5,467 (22.8%). A BMI indicative of overweight or obesity was found in 74.8% of men and in 68.3% of women. Mean BMI was higher in knee OA (27.9±3.9), in generalised OA (27.5±4.2), and hip OA (27±3.7) than in hand OA (25.5±3.4). The prevalence of obesity for hip and knee OA was higher than that reported for the general Italian population. Obesity was an important risk factor for pain in all OA localisations. Co-morbidities and lower education were associated with obesity and more intense pain (p<0.0001). Obesity and overweight were less frequent in institutionalised patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that more than two thirds of Italian patients with symptomatic OA seen by GPs are overweight or obese. Obesity is clearly associated with OA pain, a finding which is probably underestimated by GPs who are not used to modulate treatment and specialist referral according to patients' BMI.
How to develop technology roadmaps? The case of a Hospital Automation Company

This paper presents the results of research conducted in a hospital automation company. The research examined the importance of innovation and technology management processes for small companies and how these factors can be developed more successfully. The paper proposes the use of a Technology Roadmapping (TRM) method to assist these companies in the management of their technology processes to better understand the economic and social context in which they operate and to better exploit market opportunities. The results show that Technology Roadmapping can assist these companies in management support and technological planning while exploring and sharing the connection between technological resources, organizational goals and environmental changes. This research addresses the lack of studies on conducting TRM and details the importance of the method.
Extração de Vocabulário Multilíngue para Tradução em Domínios Especializados (Multilingual Vocabulary Extraction for Machine Translation in Specialized Domains) [in Portuguese]

This paper presents a process for multilingual vocabulary extraction which aims to auxiliate machine translation tools during the intermediation of the communication between multilingual teams. Resumo. Este trabalho apresenta um processo para a extração de vocabulário multilı́ngue proposto com o objetivo de auxiliar ferramentas de tradução de máquina durante a intermediação da comunicação entre equipes multilı́ngues. 1. Introdução Serviços de tradução de máquina em tempo real tem sido considerados como alternativas promissoras para o auxı́lio à comunicação entre equipes multilı́ngues durante a execução de tarefas colaborativas [Calefato et al. 2011]. No entanto, como demonstrado em diferentes trabalhos [Calefato et al. 2011] [Yamashita and Ishida 2006] [Yamashita et al. 2009], estes serviços apresentam problemas que interferem negativamente no processo de comunicação, causando atrasos durante o estabelecimento de um conhecimento comum (common ground entre as equipes distribuı́das [Calefato et al. 2011] [Yamashita and Ishida 2006]. Dentre os principais problemas apontados na literatura (e identificados a partir da análise de registros de comunicação [Hilgert et al. 2012]), optou-se neste trabalho por abordar aqueles relacionados a traduções inadequadas ou inconsistentes (múltiplas traduções para um mesmo contexto), para os quais a construção de um vocabulário especı́fico de domı́nio é apontado como uma das possı́veis soluções [Nakatsuka et al. 2010]. Sendo assim, este artigo apresenta um processo para a extração de vocabulário multilı́ngue (português-inglês) a partir de um corpus paralelo composto por manuais de software, focado na extração de equivalências multilı́ngues de palavras mais especı́ficas do domı́nio. Inicialmente, a Seção 2 apresenta o corpus bilı́ngue empregado na pesquisa, seguido pela apresentção do processo de extração proposto (Seção 3), do método de avaliação utilizado e dos resultados obtidos (Seção 4). Por fim, a Seção 5 apresenta as principais conclusões e trabalhos futuros. 2. Corpus Um corpus, no contexto deste trabalho, pode ser definido com um conjunto de documentos construı́do de acordo com um objetivo especı́fico (extração de vocabulário
“Our child’s significant disability shapes our lives”: experiences of family social participation

Abstract Purpose: This study explored the stories of parents of youth with severe physical disabilities to understand how they viewed the quality of their family social participation; the barriers to social participation faced as families and the strategies and supports that might be used to reduce these barriers. Method: Ten parents of youth (10–18 years) with severe physical disabilities, recruited through specialist schools, health and disability services, were interviewed using a narratively-oriented interview tool: the Occupational Performance History Interview-II. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Narrative and thematic analytic approaches were used to construct each parent’s story of family social participation issues, and to identify themes across stories. Results: Parents used highly structured routines and required substantial resources, particularly adult assistance and financial means, to facilitate family social participation. Needs were greater when the youth was more severely impaired, heavier, incontinent or had fragile health. Parents’ choice of family activities and belief that they could influence the quality, enjoyment and satisfaction derived from family social participation were shaped by past experiences and the perceived benefits of participation. Conclusions: Family social participation relied on flexible supports tailored to families’ needs and preferences. Greater choice and control of resources are central to enabling valued participation. Implications for Rehabilitation Government resources need to be directed towards improving community based wheelchair accessibility and public toilet facilities for youth with Level V GMFCS-E&R impairments and their families. Disability service delivery models need to enable families to choose the types of high quality care and support that will facilitate valued family social participation. Clinicians need to be aware that families of the most severely impaired children, who are heavier, incontinent or in fragile health, will require substantially more resources than other families to facilitate their social participation.
Design and Modeling of a High Efficiency Step-Up/Step-Down DC-DC Converter with Smooth Transition

This paper presents a step-up/step-down DC-DC converter with three operation modes to achieve high efficiency and small output ripple voltage. A constant time buck-boost mode, which is inserted between buck mode and boost mode, is proposed to achieve smooth transition. With the proposed mode, the output ripple voltage is significantly reduced when the input voltage is approximate to the output voltage. Besides, the novel control scheme minimizes the conduction loss by reducing the average inductor current and the switching loss by making the converter operate like a buck or boost converter. The small signal model of the step-up/step-down DC-DC converter is also derived to guide the compensation network design. The step-up/step-down converter is designed with a 0. 5µm CMOS n-well process, and can regulate an output voltage within the input voltage ranged from 2.5V to 5.5V with a maximum power efficiency of 96%. The simulation results show that the proposed converter exhibits an output ripple voltage of 28mV in the transition mode.
AC/DC: an adaptive data cache prefetcher

AC/DC is an adaptive method for prefetching data from main memory. The basic prefetch method divides the memory address space into equal-sized concentration zones (CZones), and uses a global history buffer to track and detect patterns in miss address "deltas" (differences between consecutive addresses) within each CZone. When simulated with a realistic desktop memory system, CZone prefetching with delta correlations (C/DC) outperforms four other previously proposed prefetching methods. C/DC yields an average performance improvement of 23 percent when compared with no prefetching. Adaptivity is then added to the basic method. A tuning algorithm dynamically configures the CZone size and prefetch degree (i.e. the amount of data pre-fetched) on a per program-phase basis. Adaptive reconfiguration provides additional performance improvements of 4% over C/DC. Overall, the adaptive CZone / delta correlation (AC/DC) method outperforms other methods studied by 10%.
Cytokines as Biomarkers and Their Respective Clinical Cutoff Levels

Cytokines, including interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, and chemokines, have a variety of pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in the body through a number of biochemical pathways and interactions. Stimuli, actions, interactions, and downstream effects of cytokines have been investigated in more depth in recent years, and clinical research has also been conducted to implicate cytokines in causal patterns in certain diseases. However, particular cutoffs of cytokines as biomarkers for disease processes have not been well studied, and this warrants future work to potentially improve diagnoses for diseases with inflammatory markers. A limited number of studies in this area are reviewed, considering diseases correlated with abnormal cytokine profiles, as well as specific cutoffs at which cytokines have been deemed clinically useful for diagnosing those diseases through Receiver Operator Characteristics modeling. In light of studies such as those discussed in this review, cytokine testing has the potential to support diagnosis due to its lack of invasiveness and low cost, compared to other common types of testing for infections and inflammatory diseases.