Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fatigue is a major problem after liver transplantation

Fatigue is often experienced after liver transplantation. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to assess the severity of fatigue in liver transplant recipients. In addition, the nature of fatigue and factors that may be associated with severity of fatigue after liver transplantation were explored. Ninety‐six patients up to 15 years after liver transplantation were included. Severity of fatigue and nature of fatigue were assessed with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, respectively. Furthermore, age, gender, indication for transplantation, time since transplantation, immunosuppressive medication, self‐experienced disability, and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed as potential associated factors. Sixty‐six percent of all patients was fatigued (FSS ≥ 4.0) and 44% of all patients was severely fatigued (FSS ≥ 5.1). Patients experienced physical fatigue and had reduced activity rather than mental fatigue and reduced motivation. Age, gender, self‐experienced disabilities, and HRQoL were correlated with severity of fatigue. Results of the study indicate that fatigue is a major problem in patients after liver transplantation and no indications were found that complaints of fatigue improve over time. Liver transplant recipients experience physical fatigue and reduced activity rather than mental fatigue and reduced motivation. T hese findings have implications for the development of interventions needed to rehabilitate persons after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 12:928–933, 2006. © 2006 AASLD.
Security management for services that are integrated across enterprise boundaries

This thesis addresses the problem of security management for services that are integrated across enterprise boundaries, as typically found in multi-agency environments. We consider the multi-agency environment as a collaboration network. The Electronic Health Record is a good example of an application in the multi-agency service environment, as there are different authorities claiming rights to access the personal and medical data of a patient. In this thesis we use the Electronic Health Record as the main context. Policies are determined by security goals, goals in turn are determined by regulations and laws. In general goals can be subtle and difficult to formalise, especially across admin boundaries as with the Electronic Health Record. Security problems may result when designers attempt to apply general principles to cases that have subtleties in the full detail. It is vital to understand such subtleties if a robust solution is to be achieved Existing solutions are limited in that they tend only to deal with predetermined goals and fail to address situations in which the goals need to be negotiated. The task-based approach seems well suited to addressing this. This work is structured in five parts. In the first part we review current declarations, legislation and regulations to bring together a global, European and national perspective for security in health services and we identify requirements. In the second part we investigate a proposed solution for security in the Health Service by examining the BMA (British Medical Association) model. The third part is a development of a novel task-based CTCP ICTRP model based on two linked protocols. The Collaboration Task Creation Protocol (CTCP) establishes a framework for handling a request for information and the Collaboration Task Runtime Protocol (CTRP) runs the request under the supervision of CTCP. In the fourth part we validate the model against the Data Protection Act and the Caldicott Principles and review for technical completeness and satisfaction of software engineering principles. Finally in the fifth part we apply the model to two case studies in the multiagency environment a simple one (Dynamic Coalition) for illustration purposes and a more complex one (Electronic Health Record) for evaluating the model's coverage, neutrality and focus, and exception handling.
Predictors of Distant Metastasis after Radical Surgery Followed by Postoperative Radiotherapy with or without Chemotherapy for Oropharyngeal Cancer

Purpose We investigated the prognostic factors for distant metastasis (DM) in patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy. Materials and Methods Eighty-five patients treated between January 1995 and August 2014 were evaluated retrospectively. Data regarding the pathological tumour and nodal status, human papillomavirus (HPV) status, treatment characteristics, and pretreatment maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography scan (18F-FDG PET-CT) were evaluated, and their influence on DM and survival outcomes were analyzed. Results Median follow-up period was 48.0 months. Recurrence was observed in 20 patients, including locoregional recurrence and DM. DM was observed in 13 patients. A multivariate analysis confirmed that the presence of lymphovascular invasion (p=0.031), lower neck lymph node (LN) involvement (p=0.006), SUVmax ≥ 9.7 (p=0.014), and tumour size ≥ 3 cm (p=0.037) significantly affected DM. HPV status was not associated with DM. Perineural invasion (p=0.048), lower neck LNinvolvement (p=0.008), SUVmax ≥ 9.7 (p=0.019), and tumour size ≥ 3 cm (p=0.033) were also significant factors for the DM-free survival rate. Conclusion Lower neck LN involvement, high SUVmax in pretreatment 18F-FDG PET-CT, and large tumour size were predictive factors for DM in patients of OPC.
Extending α-expansion to a larger set of regularization functions

Many problems of image processing lead to the minimization of an energy, which is a function of one or several given images, with respect to a binary or multi-label image. When this energy is made of unary data terms and of pairwise regularization terms, and when the pairwise regularization term is a metric, the multi-label energy can be minimized quite rapidly, using the so-called α-expansion algorithm. α-expansion consists in decomposing the multi-label optimization into a series of binary sub-problems called move. Depending on the chosen decomposition, a different condition on the regularization term applies. The metric condition for α-expansion move is rather restrictive. In many cases, the statistical model of the problem leads to an energy which is not a metric. Based on the enlightening article [1], we derive another condition for β-jump move. Finally, we propose an alternated scheme which can be used even if the energy fulfills neither the α-expansion nor β-jump condition. The proposed scheme applies to a much larger class of regularization functions, compared to α-expansion. This opens many possibilities of improvements on diverse image processing problems. We illustrate the advantages of the proposed optimization scheme on the image noise reduction problem.
Making Computers More Useful and More Usable

97 Useful computers which are not usable are of little help; but so are usable computers which are not useful. One of the major goals of our research is to achieve these two goals simultaneously. We claim that useful computers have to be complex systems with a rich functionality. To make these systems usable and to exploit their power, we have constructed a variety of computer-based intelligent support systems which take advantage of the interactive and dynamic nature of computer systems. Information and knowledge embedded in computers can be represented and used in qualitatively different ways than on paper. Paper is passive and can only serve as a repository for information, whereas computer systems can be active and assist us in searching, understanding and creating knowledge in the course of cooperative problem solving processes.
Why Consider Implementation-Level Decisions in Software Architectures ?

1. Abstract Software architecture provides a high-level abstraction of the structure, behavior, and properties of a software system aimed at enabling early analysis of the system and its easier implementation. Often, however, important details about a system are left to be addressed in its implementation, resulting in differences between conceptual and concrete architectures. This paper describes an approach towards bringing these two closer by making certain implementation-level decisions explicit in the architecture. Specifically, we focus on the choices made in modeling and implementing component interactions. The process is based on a taxonomy of software connectors that the authors have developed to better understand component interactions, and an architectural framework developed to support a variety of connectors. 2. Introduction As software systems become more complex, there is an increasing need for employing higherlevel abstractions to better represent the system structure, behavior, and properties in terms of underlying building blocks. Software architectures provide such high level abstractions and can be formed through the composition of lower level building blocks. Conceptual software system architectures are often described via “boxes and lines” diagrams. However, such diagrams depict only the top-level computing blocks and fail to show those implementation properties of the blocks that can affect global system behavior. Additionally, the lines fail to provide enough (detailed) information about the interactions among the blocks. This can render meaningful analysis of architectural properties difficult and can result in divergent conceptual and concrete architectures.
Survival outcomes after radiation therapy for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer after adoption of computed tomography-based simulation.

PURPOSE Technical studies suggest that computed tomography (CT) -based simulation improves the therapeutic ratio for thoracic radiation therapy (TRT), although few studies have evaluated its use or impact on outcomes. METHODS We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) -Medicare linked data to identify CT-based simulation for TRT among Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between 2000 and 2005. Demographic and clinical factors associated with use of CT simulation were identified, and the impact of CT simulation on survival was analyzed by using Cox models and propensity score analysis. RESULTS The proportion of patients treated with TRT who had CT simulation increased from 2.4% in 1994 to 34.0% in 2000 to 77.6% in 2005. Of the 5,540 patients treated with TRT from 2000 to 2005, 60.1% had CT simulation. Geographic variation was seen in rates of CT simulation, with lower rates in rural areas and in the South and West compared with those in the Northeast and Midwest. Patients treated with chemotherapy were more likely to have CT simulation (65.2% v 51.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.48 to 1.88; P < .01), although there was no significant association between use of surgery and CT simulation. Controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, CT simulation was associated with lower risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.82; P < .01) compared with conventional simulation. CONCLUSION CT-based simulation has been widely, although not uniformly, adopted for the treatment of stage III NSCLC and is associated with higher survival among patients receiving TRT.
The Impact of Deep Dysgraphia on Graphemic Buffer Disorders

Abstract This article describes an investigation into the residual writing skills of a severely dysgraphic patient (DA). We found that they were powerfully influenced by a number of lexical variables (lexicality, frequency, imageability, length and geminates). His error pattern was characterized by semantic, lexical, substitution, deletion errors and fragment responses that preserved the first letter. Thus, DA's written spelling was characterized by both deep dysgraphic and graphemic output buffer effects. It is proposed that this pattern of performance represents a new “putative functional syndrome. ”
Concordance between Sources of Morbidity Reports: Self-Reports and Medical Records

As part of a 10-year follow-up study of morbidity following spouse bereavement, concordance between subject reports of their illness experience and that given by their doctors’ and other medical records has been assessed. Enumeration from medical records involved extensive and careful perusal of general practitioner, specialist, and hospital records while subject reports were aided by a structured questionnaire which helped to prompt subjects’ memories. The findings showed generally poor concordance between these two sources of morbidity data. Overall only 22% of disease events were found in both sources: of the diseases that did not match 65% were from the record source and 35% were from the self-report source. Despite finding that concordance rates varied with some subject and disease factors, concordance was always less than might be expected to occur by random chance (the throw of a coin). These findings have serious implications for epidemiological and pharmacoeconomic research involving morbidity history as they suggest that neither the subject nor their medical record can generally be assumed to provide a complete enumeration of morbidity burden. Indeed, irrespective of the significant factors under consideration, the maximum concordance reached in this study was 45.7%.
M Mapping Parallel English-Hindi Sentences Using English-Hindi Dictionary

In this paper, we present a methodology for one to one (1:1) mapping of parallel English-Hindi parallel sentences. This methodology is based on the development of parallel English-Hindi word dictionary after syntactically and semantically analysis of the English-Hindi source text. We are using this methodology for the English and Hindi sentences, but the methodology can also be used for other languages. As big parallel corpus of English-Hindi pair language is not usually available, we design and develop two strategies to overcome this problem: normalization of tagged English sentences and Hindi sentences, on the one hand; mapping English-Hindi sentence using parallel English-Hindi word dictionary, on the other. Fortunately, this task, word alignment is well known, and some aligning algorithms are freely available.
A K-means Approach Based on Concept Hierarchical Tree for Search Results Clustering

Search results clustering aims to facilitate users’information retrieval process and query refinement by online grouping similar documents returned from the search engine. It has stringent requirements on performance and meaningful cluster labels. Thus, most existing clustering algorithms such as K-means and agglomerative hierarchical clustering cannot be directly applied to the task of online search results clustering. In this paper, we propose a K-means approach based on concept hierarchical tree to cluster search results. This algorithm not only over comes weaknesses of the classic K-means method: the results produced depend on the initial seeds and the parameter k is often unknown, but also satisfies the requirements of online search results clustering. Our method utilizes the semantic relation among documents by mapping terms to concepts in the concept hierarchical tree, which can be constructed by WordNet. We have developed a meta-search and clustering system based on our approach, followed by using an impersonal and repeatable evaluation solution. Experimental results indicate that our proposed algorithm is effective and suitable in performing the task of clustering search results.
DNase1: No Association with Crohn's Disease in a New Zealand Population

DNase1 has been implicated in a number of immune disorders and is an excellent candidate gene for Crohn's disease (CD). We investigated whether DNase1 SNPs rs1053874 and rs8176938 were associated with CD in a well-characterized New Zealand dataset consisting of 447 cases and 716 controls. Furthermore, we measured serum DNase1 activity levels in a number of CD patients and controls. We did not find any evidence of association for either DNase1 genetic variation or DNase1 activity levels with CD. The lack of association indicates that DNase1 does not play a significant role in predisposing to CD in the New Zealand population.
Effective jump-pointer prefetching for linked data structures

Current techniques for prefetching linked data structures (LDS) exploit the work available in one loop iteration or recursive call to overlap pointer chasing latency. Jump-pointers, which provide direct access to non-adjacent nodes, can be used for prefetching when loop and recursive procedure bodies are small and do not have sufficient work to overlap a long latency. This paper describes a framework for jump-pointer prefetching (JPP) that supports four prefetching idioms: queue, full, chain, and root jumping and three implementations: software-only, hardware-only, and a cooperative software/hardware technique. On a suite of pointer intensive programs, jump-pointer prefetching reduces memory stall time by 72% for software, 83% for cooperative and 55% for hardware, producing speedups of 15%, 20% and 22% respectively.
Sequence and properties of the message encoding Tetrahymena hv1, a highly evolutionarily conserved histone H2A variant that is associated with active genes

hv1 is a histone H2A variant found in the transcriptionally active Tetrahymena macronucleus, but not in the transcriptionally inert micronucleus. hv1 also contains antigenic determinants conserved in the histone complements of representatives of all four eukaryotic kingdoms. A cDNA clone encoding hv1 has been isolated and sequenced. Comparison of the derived protein sequence of hv1 with that of the chicken variant H2A.F and the sea urchin variant H2A.F/Z reveals remarkable homology in all but the extreme amino- and carboxy-termini and a small region in the conserved core. Putative regions of conserved antigenicity are discussed. Evidence is presented that suggests that hv1 is a single-copy, intron-containing gene that encodes a polyadenylated message. Unusual features in the 3' flanking sequence and in codon usage are also described. Evidence is also presented showing that hv1 message amounts are ten-fold greater in growing cells than in starved cells.
LDPC Code Design for Half-Duplex Cooperative Relay

The authors consider the design of LDPC codes for cooperative relay systems in the half-duplex mode. The capacity of halfduplex relay channels has been studied previously but the design of good channel codes for such channels remains a challenging problem. Employing an efficient relay protocol, we transform the half-duplex relay code design problem into a problem of ratecompatible LDPC code design where different code segments experience different SNRs. The density evolution with conventional Gaussian approximation for single user channels, which assumes invariant SNR within one codeword, is not capable of accurately predicting the code performance for this system. Here we develop a density evolution with a modified Gaussian approximation that takes into account the SNR variation in one received codeword as well as the rate-compatibility constraint. We then optimize the code ensemble using a modified differential evolution procedure. Extensive simulations are carried out to demonstrate that the proposed algorithm offers more accurate prediction of code performance in half-duplex relay channels than the conventional methods, and the optimized codes achieve a significant gain over existing codes.
Retrieving Reed-Solomon coded data under interpolation-based list decoding

A transform that enables generator-matrix-based Reed-Solomon (RS) coded data to be recovered under interpolation-based list decoding is presented. The transform matrix needs to be computed only once and the transformation of an element from the output list to the desired RS coded data block incurs k 2 field multiplications, given a code of dimension k.
The Effectiveness of Group Psychotherapy during the First Three Weeks of Hospitalization: A Controlled Study

Insight-oriented group psychotherapy is a common modality of treatment on inpatient psychiatric wards, yet its effectiveness for acutely hospitalized patients has not been adequately studied. A comparison was made of the effects of three experimental conditions (insight-oriented group psychotherapy, activity-oriented task group, and unstructured control condition) on 86 acutely hospitalized psychiatric patients at a United States Air Force teaching hospital. The group psychotherapy and task group patients did not show greater improvement after 20 days of hospitalization than control patients. In fact, significantly more psychotic patients scored worse in the group psychotherapy condition. It is suggested that insight-oriented group psychotherapy may not be an effective treatment modality during the first 3 weeks of psychiatric hospitalization, especially for psychotic patients.
Fully-Automated and Portable Design Methodology for Optimal Sizing of Energy-Efficient CMOS Voltage Rectifiers

This paper presents a specific, fully-automated and portable design methodology used to optimize implementations of AC-DC rectifiers using MOS diodes. Output voltage and efficiency are theoretically analyzed taking into account influences of devices DC and AC characteristics, input signal voltages and frequencies as well as load currents, temperatures, backgate voltages and even capacitors and diodes parasitic capacitances. An experimental voltage multiplier is designed in a 1 μm multiple-threshold voltage SOI CMOS technology for ultra low power applications at 13.56 MHz .
Muscle atrophy and recovery of individual thigh muscles as measured by magnetic resonance imaging scan during treatment with cast for ankle or foot fracture

Purpose: We aimed to longitudinally investigate individual thigh muscle changes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during treatment with cast of ankle or foot fracture. Moreover, we aimed to demonstrate whether measurements of muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) are sensitive to muscle changes, contributing to simpler methods in clinical application . Methods: Ten patients undergoing treatment with cast of acute ankle or foot fractures were studied. Axial MRI (1.5 T) was conducted around the affected mid-thigh region after the injury (Pre), after maintaining a nonweight-bearing (NWB) period (approximately 28 days), and after finishing rehabilitation (recovery). Regarding individual thigh muscles, the total CSAs corresponding to 40% of the femoral length (FL) and the CSAs at 5% interval of the FL were longitudinally measured. Standardized response means (SRMs) were accessed for sensitivity in the muscle changes. Results: The total CSAs at NWB were significantly lower than those at Pre in vastus lateralis (10.9% ± 5.4%), vastus intermedius (8.4% ± 6.7%), and vastus medialis (11.2% ± 6.9%) (p < 0.01 for all). In contrast, at recovery, the only significant muscle atrophy relative to that at Pre was observed in the semitendinosus of the proximal 15% and 10% CSAs (p < 0.01 and p = 0.01, respectively). In all muscles, SRM using a single-slice CSA at or near the muscle belly was high. Conclusion: Thigh muscle changes differ according to the variations in individual muscles. CSA measurements at or near the muscle belly are simple methods and sensitive indicators of these muscle changes.