Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Generation of Trace Links in Model-driven Software Development

Traceability data provides the knowledge on dependencies and logical relations existing amongst artefacts that are created during software development. In reasoning over traceability data, conclusions can be drawn to increase the quality of software. The paradigm of Model-driven Software Engineering (MDSD) promotes the generation of software out of models. The latter are specified through different modelling languages. In subsequent model transformations, these models are used to generate programming code automatically. Traceability data of the involved artefacts in a MDSD process can be used to increase the software quality in providing the necessary knowledge as described above. Existing traceability solutions in MDSD are based on the integral model mapping of transformation execution to generate traceability data. Yet, these solutions still entail a wide range of open challenges. One challenge is that the collected traceability data does not adhere to a unified formal definition, which leads to poorly integrated traceability data. This aggravates the reasoning over traceability data. Furthermore, these traceability solutions all depend on the existence of a transformation engine. However, not in all cases pertaining to MDSD can a transformation engine be accessed, while taking into account proprietary transformation engines, or manually implemented transformations. In these cases it is not possible to instrument the transformation engine for the sake of generating traceability data, resulting in a lack of traceability data. In this work, we address these shortcomings. In doing so, we propose a generic traceability framework for augmenting arbitrary transformation approaches with a traceability mechanism. To integrate traceability data from different transformation approaches, our approach features a methodology for augmentation possibilities based on a design pattern. The design pattern supplies the engineer with recommendations for designing the traceability mechanism and for modelling traceability data. Additionally, to provide a traceability mechanism for inaccessible transformation engines, we leverage parallel model matching to generate traceability data for arbitrary source and target models. This approach is based on a language-agnostic concept of three similarity measures for matching. To realise the similarity measures, we exploit metamodel matching techniques for graph-based model matching. Finally, we evaluate our approach according to a set of transformations from an SAP business application and the domain of MDSD.
Changes in Visfatin, Adiponectin, Leptin and Ghrelin Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Their Correlation with Disease Activity (Romatoid Artritli Hastalarda Visfatin, Adiponektin, Leptin ve Grelin Düzeyindeki Değişiklikler ve Bunlarin Hastalik Aktivitesi ile İlişkisi) Research Article

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of visfatin, adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to find whether they have the potential to act as proinflammatory mediators and to correlate them with disease activity. Material and Methods: This study included 30 female patients divided into two groups: patients with inactive rheumatoid arthritis (group I) and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (group II). In addition 15 healthy females of similar age were used as controls. Fasting plasma visfatin, adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin were determined with ELISA kits. Results: Rheumatoid arthritis patients had significantly higher plasma visfatin, adiponectin, leptin levels than controls with more significant increase in group II than I. Ghrelin was significantly decreased in rheumatoid arthritis patients (group I and II) than controls with no significant difference between the two groups of patients. Disease activity score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were significantly positively correlated with plasma visfatin and adiponectin but not with either leptin or ghrelin. Conclusion: The present study suggested a relevant role of visfatin, adiponectin and leptin, as proinflammatory mediators in rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, approaches that reduce adipose tissue depots may reduce the severity of their resultant pathologies. Furthermore, this study has shown that the blood levels of proinflammatory mediators are different. Additionally, “Grelin” as well as being a growth hormone releasing factor is also a leptin antagonist. Therefore ghrelin-substitutive therapy should be revised and softened as; can be considered in control of leptin regulation.
Association rules mining on MapReduce

Many governments are considering adopting the smart city concept in their cities and implementing big data applications that support smart city components to reach the required level of sustainability and improve the living standards. Smart cities utilize multiple technologies to improve the performance of health, transportation, energy, education, and water services leading to higher levels of comfort of their citizens. One of the recent technologies that have a huge potential to enhance smart city services is big data analytics which have many challenges for analyzing urban datasets such as data volume. The user's requirement for information increases from minute to minute and the storage capacity gives an enormous size of data making it difficult to recognize useful information which can be understandable and process by human brain for decision making. Data mining and knowledge discovery has emerged to extract useful, hidden and unknown patterns and knowledge from large database, It is big question what will a data collector do with this massive size of data? Answer is simple person wants knowledge from this data which satisfies users need. This paper deals with the study of different big data analytics tools provide by different companies, then we will focused on the association rules data mining technology. The advantages and disadvantages of Apriori algorithm which will be deeply analyzed, then the functioning of Hadoop and MapReduce Process finally, the performance of this algorithm is compared with the experimental results applied on different datasets taken from traffic accidents.
Optimal Design Robust to a Misspecified Model

Usually, in the Theory of Optimal Experimental Design the model is assumed to be known at the design stage. In practice, however, more competing models may be plausible for the same data. There is a possibility to find an optimum design which takes into account both model discrimination (for a subsequent application of a hypothesis test) and parameter estimation. In order to avoid the problem of hypothesis testing, a different approach is proposed: to determine an optimum design which is useful for estimation purposes and is robust to a misspecified model. In other words, the optimum design is “good” for estimating the unknown parameters whether or not the assumed model is correct.
Expression and regulation of glucoamylase from the yeast Schwanniomyces castellii

Expression of the 146-kilodalton (kDa) extracellular glucoamylase by the budding yeast Schwanniomyces castellii is induced by maltose and starch. By use of antiglucoamylase antisera, we found that this expression was regulated at the level of the mRNA, taking place within 30 min after exposure of yeast cells to the respective sugars. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the in vitro-translated products of total RNA from maltose-treated cells established that the glucoamylase precursor was approximately 120 kDa in size. Stable glucoamylase transcript was not produced in cells exposed to glucose, 2-deoxyglucose, and heat shock. Cells exposed to these two sugars also degraded intracellular and extracellular glucoamylase. In the presence of sugars such as cellobiose, galactose, lactose, and xylose or in the absence of any carbohydrate, a low-level, constitutive-like expression of this preglucoamylase occurred. The nascent glucoamylase underwent at least two posttranslational modifications, resulting in a 138-kDa cell-associated form and the 146-kDa active form that was found free in the medium. These results suggest that glucoamylase expression is tightly regulated similarly to expression of the enzymes responsible for maltose metabolism in Saccharomyces yeasts.
Habituating pigs for in-pen, non-invasive biophysical skin analysis

The purpose of this study was to develop a method for habituating pigs (Sus scrofa domestica, middle white strain) to enable non-invasive, biophysical measurements of dorsal skin to be obtained on a daily basis over a 7-week period, thus eliminating the need for anaesthesia or restraint. This was accomplished by associating measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin reflectance spectroscopy (SRS) with feeding times, and with positive reinforcement by allowing exercise outside the home pen. During the pig habituation period, a well-defined series of behavioural changes were observed that included dominant/submissive leadership changes. Values of TEWL (6.29 ± 1.25 g.m-2.h-1) were in agreement with previous studies (7.56 ± 2.90 g.m-2.h-1) obtained from unrestrained Yucatan hairless micro-pigs (Gabard et al. 1995). The coefficient of variance of TEWL and SRS measurements were comparable with those reported previously using anaesthetized pigs (Chilcott et al. 2000). These data imply that biophysical skin measurements obtained from unrestrained, conscious animals are comparable to those obtained from anaesthetized pigs and therefore, support the use of unrestrained pigs for non-invasive biophysical skin measurements. Habituating animals for in-pen, non-invasive, biophysical measurements has substantial implications for reducing and refining laboratory animal experiments in dermatological research without compromising animal welfare.
Delivery of antibodies to the cytosol

The use of antibodies to target their antigens in living cells is a powerful analytical tool for cell biology research. Not only can molecules be localized and visualized in living cells, but interference with cellular processes by antibodies may allow functional analysis down to the level of individual post-translational modifications and splice variants, which is not possible with genetic or RNA-based methods. To utilize the vast resource of available antibodies, an efficient system to deliver them into the cytosol from the outside is needed. Numerous strategies have been proposed, but the most robust and widely applicable procedure still remains to be identified, since a quantitative ranking of the efficiencies has not yet been done. To achieve this, we developed a novel efficiency evaluation method for antibody delivery based on a fusion protein consisting of a human IgG1 Fc and the recombination enzyme Cre (Fc-Cre). Applied to suitable GFP reporter cells, it allows the important distinction between proteins trapped in endosomes and those delivered to the cytosol. Further, it ensures viability of positive cells and is unsusceptible to fixation artifacts and misinterpretation of cellular localization in microscopy and flow cytometry. Very low cytoplasmic delivery efficiencies were found for various profection reagents and membrane penetrating peptides, leaving electroporation as the only practically useful delivery method for antibodies. This was further verified by the successful application of this method to bind antibodies to cytosolic components in living cells.
Protein engineering and preclinical development of a GM‐CSF receptor antibody for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

For antibody therapies against receptor targets, in vivo outcomes can be difficult to predict because of target‐mediated clearance or antigen ‘sink’ effects. The purpose of this work was to engineer an antibody to the GM‐CSF receptor α (GM‐CSFRα) with pharmacological properties optimized for chronic, s.c. treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.
A multiplication reduction technique with near-zero approximation for embedded learning in IoT devices

This paper presents a multiplication reduction technique through near-zero approximation, enabling embedded learning in resource-constrained IoT devices. The intrinsic resilience of neural network and the sparsity of data are identified and utilized. Based on the analysis of leading zero counting and adjustable threshold, intentional approximation is applied to reduce near-zero multiplications. By setting the threshold of the multiplication result to 2−5 and employing ReLU as the neuron activation function, the sparsity of the CNN model can reach 75% with negligible loss in accuracy when recognizing the MNIST data set. Corresponding hardware implementation has been designed and simulated in UMC 65nm process. It can achieve more than 70% improvement of energy efficiency with only 0.37% area overhead of a 256 Multiply-Accumulator array.
Improving bilingual sub-sentential alignment by sampling-based transpotting

In this article, we present a sampling-based approach to improve bilingual sub-sentential alignment in parallel corpora. This approach can be used to align parallel sentences on an as needed basis, and is able to accurately align newly available sentences. We evaluate the resulting alignments on several Machine Translation tasks. Results show that for the tasks considered here, our approach performs on par with the stateof-the-art statistical alignment pipeline giza++/Moses, and obtains superior results in a number of configurations, notably when aligning additional parallel sentence pairs carefully selected to match the test input.
[The expression of EGFR in oral lichen planus, squamous cell papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma].

PURPOSE To study the role of EGFR in the genesis of squamous cell by means of observation on its expression in oral lichen planus(OLP), squamous cell papilloma (SCP)and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC). METHODS EGFR expression was observed in 20 OLPs, 20 SCPs,20 SCCs and 5 normal oral mucosa specimen by immunohistochemistry. The number of positive cells was counted by Fromowitz method and COX-2 expression was analyzed with SPSS11.5 software package. RESULTS The expression of EGFR was weak in OLP without erosive and ulcerative lesion. The strongly positive rates of EGFR in OLP with erosive and ulcerative lesion group, SCP group and SCC group were 20%, 25% and 60%, respectively . There were significant differences between the OLP with erosive and ulcerative lesion and OLP without erosive and ulcerative lesion. The expression of EGFR increased significantly from OLP, SCP to SCC (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The expression of EGFR is important in the progression of OLP, SCP and SCC. It can be an important target for chemical prevention and therapy.
Two Nigerian Ethnonationalist Movements: A Comparison of the OPC and MASSOB

The proliferation of ethnic militia organisations in Nigeria raises questions about the factors responsible for the development. Although reasons adduced from the rhetoric of these organisations point to the politics of exclusion and marginalisation in Nigeria, this form of ethnicity is a new phenomenon. The growth of these militant formations pervading the length and breadth of the country is attributable to the nature and character of the Nigerian state. Perceptions of marginalisation in the distribution of power and resources, and the repressive tactics of the state to sub-national dissent, have encouraged their growth. The Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB) and the Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC) are prominent ethnic militia groups that draw membership from major ethnic groups in southern Nigeria. Rivalry and hegemonic competition for the control of the state among the major ethnic groups led to a civil war in the late 1960s, but wartime experiences were not harnessed for a nation-building project. The result was the systematic perversion of the state, which has resulted in throwing up new forms of ethnicity in Nigeria as reflected in the emergence of these organisations.
Recognition of Sentences in Noise by Normal-Hearing Listeners Using Simulations of Speak-Type Cochlear Implant Signal Processors

To assess whether more channels are needed to understand speech in noise than in quiet, we processed speech in a manner similar to that of spectral peak–like cochlear implant processors and presented it at a dB signal-to-noise ratio to normal-hearing listeners for identification. The number of analysis filters varied from 8 to 16, and the number of maximum channel amplitudes selected in each cycle varied from 2 to 16. The results show that more channels are needed to understand speech in noise than in quiet, and that high levels of speech understanding can be achieved with 12 channels. Selecting more than 12 channel amplitudes out of 16 channels did not yield significant improvements in recognition performance.
Variation in the microbiome of the urogenital tract of female koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with and without ‘wet bottom’

Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are iconic Australian marsupials currently threatened by several processes. Infectious reproductive tract disease, caused by Chlamydia pecorum, and koala retrovirus infection are considered key drivers of population decline. The clinical sign of ‘wet bottom’, a staining of the rump associated with urinary incontinence, is often caused by chlamydial urogenital tract infections. However, wet bottom has been recorded in koalas free of C. pecorum, suggesting other causative agents in those individuals. Current understanding of the bacterial community of the koala urogenital tract is limited. We used 16S rRNA diversity profiling to investigate the microbiome of the urogenital tract of ten female koalas. This was to produce baseline data on the female koala urogenital tract microbiome, and to undertake preliminary investigations of potential causative agents of wet bottom, other than C. pecorum. Five urogenital samples were processed from koalas presenting with wet bottom and five were clinically normal. We detected thirteen phyla across the ten samples, with Firmicutes occurring at the highest relative abundance (77.6%). The order Lactobacillales, within the Firmicutes, comprised 70.3% of the reads from all samples. After normalising reads using DESeq2 and testing for significant differences (P < 0.05), there were 25 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) more commonly found in one group over the other. The families Aerococcaceae and Tissierellaceae both had four significantly differentially abundant OTUs. These four Tissierellaceae OTUs were all significantly more abundant in koalas with wet bottom. Importance This study provides an essential foundation for future investigations of both the normal microflora of the koala urogenital tract, and better understanding of the causes of koala urogenital tract disease. Koalas in the states of Queensland and New South Wales are currently undergoing decline, and have been classified as vulnerable populations. Urogenital tract disease is a leading cause of hospital admissions in these states, yet previously little was known of the normal flora of this site. Wet bottom is a clinical sign of urogenital tract disease, which is often assumed to be caused by C. pecorum and treated accordingly. Our research highlights that other organisms may be causing wet bottom, and these potential aetiological agents need to be further investigated to fully address the problems this species faces.
Estrogen and the inner ear: megalin knockout mice suffer progressive hearing loss

Megalin, the largest member of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein family, functions as an endocytic receptor for a variety of essential lipophilic metabolites, including the steroid hormone estrogen. In the cochlea, megalin is strongly expressed within the marginal cells of the stria vascularis, and previous studies demonstrated that β‐estro‐gen receptors are also expressed in megalin‐expressing marginal cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that homozygous megalin mutant mice exhibit profound hearing loss at 3 months of age associated with features of presbycusis, enrichment of lipofuscin granules, and a reduced number of microvilli in marginal cells of the stria vascularis. FITC‐labeled β‐estrogen is taken up into the strial marginal cells; however, in megalin‐deficient mice the uptake of FITC‐labeled β‐estrogen is reduced. This highlights β‐estrogen as a possible carrier‐bound candidate ligand for megalin and supports the concept that estrogen may function via megalin within the inner ear. A crucial role of megalin in hearing should be considered and the mega‐lin/estrogen interaction needs to be discussed in the context of early presbycusis in estrogen‐deficient humans and mice. —König, O. , Rüttiger, L. , Müller, M. , Zimmermann, U. , Erdmann, B. , Kalbacher, H. , Gross, M. , Knipper, M. Estrogen and the inner ear: megalin knockout mice suffer progressive hearing loss. FASEB J. 22, 410–417 (2008)
Temporal variability of ecological niches: a study on intertidal macrobenthic fauna

The determination of temporal niche dynamics under field conditions is an important component of a species’ ecology. Recent developments in niche mapping, and the possibility to account for spatial autocorrelation in species distributions, hold promise for the statistical approach explored here. Using species counts from a landscape-scale benthic monitoring programme in the western Dutch Wadden Sea during 1997–2005 in combination with sediment characteristics and tidal height as explanatory variables, we statistically derive realised niches for two bivalves, two crustaceans and three polychaetes, encompassing predators, suspension and bottom feeding functional groups. Unsurprisingly, realized niches varied considerably between species. Intraspecific temporal variation was assessed as overlap between the year-specific niche and the overall mean niche, and this analysis revealed considerable variation between years. The main functional groups represented by these species showed idiosyncratic and wide variability through the study period. There were no strong associations between niche characteristics and mean abundance or body size. Our assessment of intraspecific niche variability has ramifications for species distribution models in general and offers advances from previous methods. 1) By assessing species’ realized niches in the multivariate environmental space, analyses are independent from the relative availability of particular environments. Predicted realized niches present differences between years, rather than annual differences in environmental conditions. 2) Using spatially explicit models to predict species habitat preferences provide more precise and unbiased estimates of species–environment relationships. 3) Current niche models assume constant niches, whereas we illustrate how much these can vary over only a few generations. This emphasizes the potentially limited scope of global change studies with forecasts based on single-time species distribution snapshots.