Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HopTeX-Compiling HTML to LaTeX with CSS

This article presents HopTeX, a new application for authoring HTML and LTEX documents. The content of the document is either be expressed in HTML or in a blending of HTML and a dedicated wiki syntax, for the sake of conciseness and readability. The rendering of the document is expressed by a set of CSS rules. The main originality of HOPTEX is to consider LTEX as a new media type for HTML and to express the compilation from HTML to LTEX by the means of dedicated style sheet rules. HOPTEX can then be used to generate high quality documents for both paper printed version and electronic version. The online version of this paper is available at the HOPTEX web page. It can be read using a regular Web browser or using Smartphone browsers. HOPTEX is implemented in HOP, a multi-tier programming language for the Web 2.0. This implementation extensively relies on two facilities generally only available on the client-side that HOP also supports on the server-side of the application: DOM manipulations and CSS server-side resolutions. http://hop.inria. fr/hop/weblets/homepage? weblet=hoptex GNU General Public License
Biofuels: Markets, Targets and Impacts

This paper reviews recent developments in biofuel markets and their economic, social and environmental impacts. Several countries have introduced mandates and targets for biofuel expansion. Production, international trade and investment have increased sharply in the past few years. However, several existing studies have blamed biofuels as one of the key factors behind the 2007-2008 global food crisis, although the magnitudes of impacts in these studies vary widely depending on the underlying assumptions and structure of the models. Existing studies also have huge disparities in the magnitude of long-term impacts of biofuels on food prices and supply; studies that model only the agricultural sector show higher impacts, whereas studies that model the entire economy show relatively lower impacts. In terms of climate change mitigation impacts, there exists a consensus that current biofuels lead to greenhouse gas mitigation only when greenhouse gas emissions related to land-use change are not counted. If conversion of carbon rich forest land to crop land is not avoided, the resulting greenhouse gas release would mean that biofuels would not reduce cumulative greenhouse gas emissions until several years had passed. Overall, results from most of the existing literature do not favor diversion of food for large-scale production of biofuels, although regulated production of biofuels in countries with surplus land and a strong biofuel industry are not ruled out. Developments in second generation biofuels offer some hope, yet they still compete with food supply through land use and are currently constrained by a number of technical and economic barriers.
Teaching HCI with scenario-based design: the constructivist's synthesis

This paper describes the application of scenario-based design in the teaching of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), in an undergraduate Software Engineering program. Specifically, we describe how the ideas of constructivism can be synthesized with the team-based efforts in managing software requirements. The paper serves as an experience report of an ongoing action research the author has been executing to revise the curriculum and pedagogy of a junior core course entitled Software Psychology. In particular, we depict some problem scenarios, helping the evolution of the course content, and developing our students as self-directed work teams of software professionals. The paper concludes with the author's lessons learned with this course enactment plus the necessary reflective evaluations therein.
Bony Versus Soft Tissue Reconstruction for Anterior Shoulder Instability

Background: One complication of anteroinferior glenohumeral shoulder dislocation is a critical bone defect that requires surgical repair to prevent recurrent instability. However, controversy exists regarding the surgical management because both open and arthroscopic surgeries have respective advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, it is difficult to determine the patient’s preferred treatment, as factors that influence treatment choice include recurrence rates, morbidity of the procedures, and patient preferences. Hypothesis: Patients who have a higher probability of recurrent instability after arthroscopic surgery will select open surgery whereas patients with a lower probability of recurrent instability after arthroscopic surgery will favor arthroscopy. Study Design: Economic and decision analysis; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A decision tree was constructed to model each hypothetical outcome after open or arthroscopic surgery for glenohumeral instability in patients with bone defects. A literature review was performed to determine the probability of occurrence for each node while utility values for each outcome were obtained via patient-administered surveys given to 50 patients without prior history of shoulder injury or dislocation. Fold-back analysis was then performed to show the optimal treatment strategy. Finally, sensitivity analysis established the thresholds at which open treatment becomes the optimal treatment. Results: The ultimate expected value—the objective evaluation of all potential outcomes after choosing either open or arthroscopic surgery—was found to be greater for arthroscopic surgery than for open surgery (87.17 vs 81.64), indicating it to be the preferred treatment. Results of sensitivity analysis indicated that open surgery becomes the preferred treatment when probability of recurrence after arthroscopic treatment is ≥23.8%, although varying the utility, defined as an aggregate patient preference for a particular outcome, has no effect on the model. When the rate of no complication after open surgery is 97.6%, open surgery becomes the patient’s preferred treatment. Conclusion: Arthroscopic surgery is an acceptable treatment if recurrent instability occurs consistently at ≤23.8%. This has important implications given the technical difficulty of successfully performing arthroscopic fixation to resolve recurrent anteroinferior glenohumeral dislocations associated with critical osseous defects. However, due to a lack of clinical outcomes studies, more research is needed to better predict the optimal operative treatment.
Study of the Quantitative Structure-Mobility Relationship of Carboxylic Acids in Capillary Electrophoresis Based on Support Vector Machines

The support vector machines (SVM), as a novel type of learning machine, were used to develop a quantitative structure-mobility relationship (QSMR) model of 58 aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids based on molecular descriptors calculated from the structure alone. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) were also utilized to construct the linear and the nonlinear model to compare with the results obtained by SVM. The root-mean-square errors in absolute mobility predictions for the whole data set given by MLR, RBFNNs, and SVM were 1.530, 1.373, and 0.888 mobility units (10(-5) cm(2) S(-1) V(-1)), respectively, which indicated that the prediction result agrees well with the experimental values of these compounds and also revealed the superiority of SVM over MLR and RBFNNs models for the prediction of the absolute mobility of carboxylic acids. Moreover, the models we proposed could also provide some insight into what structural features are related to the absolute mobility of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids.
Conflicts to Harmony: A Framework for Resolving Conflicts in Heterogeneous Data by Truth Discovery

In many applications, one can obtain descriptions about the same objects or events from a variety of sources. As a result, this will inevitably lead to data or information conflicts. One important problem is to identify the true information (i.e., the truths) among conflicting sources of data. It is intuitive to trust reliable sources more when deriving the truths, but it is usually unknown which one is more reliable a priori. Moreover, each source possesses a variety of properties with different data types. An accurate estimation of source reliability has to be made by modeling multiple properties in a unified model. Existing conflict resolution work either does not conduct source reliability estimation, or models multiple properties separately. In this paper, we propose to resolve conflicts among multiple sources of heterogeneous data types. We model the problem using an optimization framework where truths and source reliability are defined as two sets of unknown variables. The objective is to minimize the overall weighted deviation between the truths and the multi-source observations where each source is weighted by its reliability. Different loss functions can be incorporated into this framework to recognize the characteristics of various data types, and efficient computation approaches are developed. The proposed framework is further adapted to deal with streaming data in an incremental fashion and large-scale data in MapReduce model. Experiments on real-world weather, stock, and flight data as well as simulated multi-source data demonstrate the advantage of jointly modeling different data types in the proposed framework.
Resolving focal plane ambiguity in depth map creation from defocus blur using chromatic aberration

Focal plane ambiguity in depth map creation from defocus blur has remained an challenging problem. In this paper, we present a method to resolve this issue with the help of Chromatic Aberration(CA). CA is a distortion referred to focal length variation of the lens with wavelength of light. When light, a mixture of various monochromatic components, passes through a lens, multiple focal planes are generated due to CA. There also exists an inherent ordering in the defocus blur of the object for different RGB components depending on whether the object lies in the near or far focus region. The ordering reverses as soon as focal planes are crossed. By using this difference in ordering of the defocus amount for different RGB components of an object, we can deduce whether the object is present in front of or behind the image plane, hence using this information, a more reliable depth map can be obtained.
Inter-rater reliability and validity of the action research arm test in stroke patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Action Research arm test (ARAT) was constructed for assessing recovery of upper extremity function after cortical injury. The objective of the study was to verify the inter-rater reliability and validity of the ARAT in stroke patients. METHODS 50 stroke patients participated in the study. For the purpose of inter-rater study, the ARAT was administered by three experienced raters on each patient within a 3-day period. Validity was assessed by comparing the patients' scores on the ARAT with those obtained for the other well-validated measurements evaluating upper extremity motor impairment and disability. RESULTS Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for the total score was 0.98 indicating very high inter-rater reliability. ICCs were also very high in each of the subscales. The score of the ARAT was closely correlated with that of the upper extremity part of the motor assessment scale, the arm sub-score of the motricity index and the upper extremity movements of the modified motor assessment chart (Pearson r = 0.96, 0.87 and 0.94, respectively). CONCLUSION The preliminary results of this study support the value of the ARAT for measuring recovery of arm-hand function in stroke patients.
Relationship Commitment of Prepaid and Post-Paid Subscribers of a Private Telecommunication Company in Bangladesh

This study intends to investigate the relationships of communication effectiveness, trust, technical quality, functional quality, and relationship commitment in the context of the prepaid and post-post subscribers of a major private telecommunication company of Bangladesh. It presents a critical appraisal of some important antecedents of subscribers’ relationship commitment to the respective mobile service provider. Data were collected from 103 prepaid subscribers and 107 post-paid by using self-administered questionnaires. For prepaid subscribers, stepwise regression has showed that technical quality, communication effectiveness, and functional quality have statistically significant relationship with relationship commitment. However, stepwise regression for post-paid subscribers has showed that trust and technical quality have statistically significant relationship with relationship commitment. A clear understanding of important precursors of subscribers' relationship commitment might induce the service provider(s) to germinate and strengthen subscribers' relationship commitment to create a loyal customer base.
Implication of Ωm through the Morphological Analysis of Weak Lensing Fields

We apply the morphological descriptions of a two-dimensional contour map, the so-called Minkowski functionals (the area fraction, circumference, and Euler characteristics), to the convergence field κ(𝛉) of the large-scale structure reconstructed from the shear map produced by the ray-tracing simulations. Using the perturbation theory of structure formation, it has been suggested that, with respect to the threshold in the weakly nonlinear regime, the non-Gaussian features on the Minkowski functionals are induced by the three skewness parameters of κ that are sensitive to the density parameter of matter, Ωm. We show that, in the absence of noise due to the intrinsic ellipticities of source galaxies with which the perturbation theory results can be recovered, the accuracy of the Ωm determination is improved by ~20% using the Minkowski functionals compared with the conventional method of using the direct measure of skewness.
Anonymity: A Formalization of Privacy - '-Diversity

Anonymization of published microdata has become a very important topic nowadays. The major diculty is to publish data of individuals in a manner that the released table both provides enough information to the public and prevents disclosure of sensitive information. Therefore, several authors proposed definitions of privacy to get anonymous microdata. One definition is called k-Anonymity and states that every individual in one generalized block is indistinguishable from at least k - 1 other individuals. ‘-Diversity uses a stronger privacy definition and claims that every generalized block has to contain at least ‘ dierent sensitive values. Another definition is called t-Closeness. It demands that the distribution of one sensitive value of a generalized block is close to its distribution in the entire table. This paper mainly deals with the principle and notion of ‘Diversity. Therefore, two methods called Homogeneity and Background-Knowledge Attack are discussed to break the privacy constraints of k-Anonymity. Then a model to reason about privacy in microdata, namely Bayes-Optimal Privacy, is introduced. Based on k-Anonymity and Bayes-Optimal Privacy the principle and several instantiations of ‘-Diversity are discussed. At the end ‘-Diversity is applied to a real database gathered from several Android devices.
Building testable software

This paper examines a connection between well known specification, design, implementation methodologies and test-design which appears not to have been previously well-formulated. We refer to the fact that the use of finite state machines (FSMs) in each development phase (specification, design, implementation and testing) is well known and documented. However, despite the fact that much of this work is more than twenty years old, there appears to be no detailed proposal for a consistent FSM-based approach be used across all development phases for other than very specific application types. We suggest that the adoption of a systematic FSM-based approach across all phases, including implementation, may allow a number of major problems in software development to be either eliminated or simplified. In this way, testable, highly dependable systems can be produced. In such systems, behaviour is explicitly defined, built, and tested using both functional and structural methods. Undesired behaviours can be found and eliminated, and abnormal or unexpected input explicitly handled. We discuss the issues we consider to be involved, and the benefits which we expect may be gained. We also identify those areas where further work appears to be required.
Gender differences in workplace choices under crisis conditions

Working from home is an option that differs from other forms of employment. This type of employment is driven not only by globalization and outsourcing, but also by unequal gender relationships within the home. Two multi-logistic regressions were used to determine how the distribution of in-home working arrangements differs by sex and by male/female age range, level of education, marital status and degree of urbanization of the place of residence. The results suggest that these characteristics have a differential influence on men’s and women’s employment decisions. The results also indicate that the crisis had a strong impact on the employment levels of home-based workers, especially male home workers, at the same time that it boosted employment in the services sector.
A Novel SRAM Cell Design Using Reversible Logic

With the advancement in technology and type of usage of the electronics devices in different applications, demands huge size memories to store or process the data. Typically Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) cells are used due to its high speed access characteristics. With the exponential increase in the size of the memory, the power consumed by the memory cells are also increasing exponentially. Reversible circuits in recent years have gained its interest due to its low power characteristics. This paper proposes a novel SRAM cell design using reversible logic. The proposed design minimizes the number of garbage outputs by 66.66%, Quantum cost by 71.5% and Quantum delay by 68.5% than the existing designs. This paper also elaborates the implementation details of 16 × 8 SRAM array with minimum garbage and quantum cost.
The Large Conductance, Voltage-dependent, and Calcium-sensitive K+ Channel, Hslo, Is a Target of cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase Phosphorylation in Vivo *

Native large conductance, voltage-dependent, and Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels are activated by cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Two possible mechanisms of kinase action have been proposed: 1) direct phosphorylation of the channel and 2) indirect via PKG-dependent activation of a phosphatase. To scrutinize the first possibility, at the molecular level, we used the human pore-forming α-subunit of the Ca2+-sensitive K+ channel, Hslo, and the α-isoform of cGMP-dependent protein kinase I. In cell-attached patches of oocytes co-expressing the Hslo channel and the kinase, 8-Br-cGMP significantly increased the macroscopic currents. This increase in current was due to an increase in the channel voltage sensitivity by ∼20 mV and was reversed by alkaline phosphatase treatment after patch excision. In inside-out patches, however, the effect of purified kinase was negative in 12 of 13 patches. In contrast, and consistent with the intact cell experiments, purified kinase applied to the cytoplasmic side of reconstituted channels increased their open probability. This stimulatory effect was absent when heat-denatured kinase was used. Biochemical experiments show that the purified kinase incorporates γ-33P into the immunopurified Hslo band of ∼125 kDa. Furthermore, in vivo phosphorylation largely attenuates this labeling in back-phosphorylation experiments. These results demonstrate that the α-subunit of large conductance Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels is substrate for G-Iα kinase in vivo and support direct phosphorylation as a mechanism for PKG-Iα-induced activation of maxi-K channels.
Application isolation in the JavaTM Virtual Machine

To date, systems offering multitasking for the JavaTM programming language either use one process or one class loader for each application. Both approaches are unsatisfactory. Using operating system processes is expensive, scales poorly and does not fully exploit the protection features inherent in a safe language. Class loaders replicate application code, obscure the type system, and non-uniformly treat ‘trusted’ and ‘untrusted’ classes, which leads to subtle, but nevertheless, potentially harmful forms of undesirable inter-application interaction. In this paper we propose a novel, simple yet powerful solution. The new model improves on existing designs in terms of resource utilization while offering strong isolation among applications. The approach is applicable both on high-end servers and on small devices. The main idea is to maintain only one copy of every class, regardless of how many applications use it. Classes are transparently and automatically modified, so that each application has a separate copy of its static fields. Two prototypes are described and selected performance data is analyzed. Various aspects of the proposed architectural changes to the Java Virtual Machine are discussed.
Rise of the Ellsworth mountains and parts of the East Antarctic coast observed with GPS

Using GPS observations from 1996 to 2011, we constrain postglacial rebound in Antarctica. Sites in the Ellsworth mountains, West Antarctica, are rising at ≈5 ± 4 mm/yr (95% confidence limits), as in the postglacial rebound model of Peltier, but ≈10 mm/yr slower than in the model of Ivins and James. Therefore significant ice loss from the Ellsworth mountains ended by 4 ka, and current ice loss there is less than inferred from GRACE gravity observations in studies assuming the model of Ivins and James. Three sites along the coast of East Antarctica are rising at 3 to 4 ± 2 mm/yr, in viscous response to Holocene unloading of ice along the Queen Maud Land coast and elsewhere. Kerguelen island and seven sites along the coast of East Antarctic are part of a rigid Antarctica plate. O'Higgins, northern Antarctic peninsula, is moving southeast at 2.3 ± 0.6 mm/yr relative to the Antarctic plate.
Methylene blue, a nitric oxide inhibitor, prevents haemodialysis hypotension.

BACKGROUND Plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels have been found to be high in haemodialysis (HD) patients, especially in those prone to hypotension in dialysis. The aim of the study was to prevent dialysis hypotension episodes by i.v. administration of methylene blue (MB), an inhibitor of NO activity and/or production. METHODS MB was given i.v. in 18 stable HD patients with hypotensive episodes during almost every dialysis, in 18 HD patients without hypotension during dialyses, and in five healthy controls. MB was given as a bolus of 1 mg/kg bodyweight followed by a constant infusion of 0.1 mg/kg bodyweight lasting 210 min until the end of the dialysis session and only as a bolus on a non-dialysis day. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) were measured at 10-min intervals during HD sessions with or without MB and on a non-dialysis day with MB. RESULTS In hypotension-prone patients, MB completely prevented the hypotension during dialysis and increased both systolic and diastolic BP on non-dialysis days. In normotensive patients, MB increased BP during the first hour of dialysis and for 90 min on the non-dialysis day. The BP in the healthy controls remained unchanged. Plasma and platelet NO(2)+NO(3) (stable metabolites of NO) levels were determined. The NO(2)+NO(3) generation rate in the first post-dialysis day was calculated. The plasma and platelet NO(2)+NO(3) were higher in the hypotensive group than in the normotensive dialysis group. The generation rate of nitrates was higher (P<0.01) in the hypotensive group (1.21+/-0.13 micromol/min and 0.74+/-0.16 after MB) than in the normotensive patients (0.61+/-0.11 micromol/ min and 0.27+/-0.14 after MB). No side-effects were recorded. CONCLUSIONS MB is an efficient therapy in the prevention of dialysis hypotension.