Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Study of Crime Hot Spots: Dynamics and Impact on Part 1 Violent Crime

Objectives: Design and estimate the impacts of a prevention program for part 1 violent crimes in micro-place crime hot spots. Methods: A longitudinal study of crime hot spots using 21 years of crime offense report data on part 1 violent crimes from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Based on kernel density smoothing for a definition of micro-place crime hot spots, we replicate past work on the existence of “chronic” hot spots, but then with such hot spots accounted for introduce “temporary” hot spots. Results: Chronic hot spots are good targets for prevention. They are easily identified and they tend to persist. Temporary hot spots, however, predominantly last only one month. Thus the common practice of identifying hot spots using a short time window of crime data and assuming that the resulting hot spots will persist is ineffective for temporary hot spots. Instead it is necessary to forecast the emergence of temporary hot spots to prevent their crimes. Over time chronic hot spots, while still important, have accounted for less crime while temporary hot spots have grown, accounting for a larger share. Chronic hot spots are relatively easy targets for police whereas temporary hot spots require forecasting methods not commonly in use by police. Conclusions: The paper estimates approximately a 10 to 20 percent reduction in part 1 violent crimes in Pittsburgh if the hot spot enforcement program proposed in this paper were implemented.
Cubical coloring - fractional covering by cuts and semidefinite programming

We introduce a new graph invariant that measures fractional covering of a graph by cuts. Besides being interesting in its own right, it is useful for study of homomorphisms and tension-continuous mappings. We study the relations with chromatic number, bipartite density, and other graph parameters. We find the value of our parameter for a family of graphs based on hypercubes. These graphs play for our parameter the role that circular cliques play for the circular chromatic number. The fact that the defined parameter attains on these graphs the `correct' value suggests that the definition is a natural one. In the proof we use the eigenvalue bound for maximum cut and a recent result of Engstr\"om, F\"arnqvist, Jonsson, and Thapper. We also provide a polynomial time approximation algorithm based on semidefinite programming and in particular on vector chromatic number (defined by Karger, Motwani and Sudan [Approximate graph coloring by semidefinite programming, J. ACM 45 (1998), no. 2, 246--265]).
Privacy-Aware Malware Detection

Overview Cloud service providers (e.g., Amazon Web Service, IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure) are not allowed to access the content of customer virtual machines. In consequence, it’s harder for the providers to protect their infrastructure from malware infection. As virtual machines are generally created from a limited set of standard images and likely share many vulnerabilities, malware can propagate rapidly through cloudinfrastructure and cause damage on a larger scale. Thus, this project aims to introduce a malware detection technique on cloud-infrastructure: the idea is to use sub-semantic features from a virtual machine monitor without introspection of customer virtual machines. Previous works show the effectiveness of using hardware indicators as sub-semantic features [3, 7]. At them same time, the representative virtualization framework such as Xen [1] supports reading those indicators via built-in analysis tools [6, 5]. Our research consists of three steps: we design sub-semantic features on top of the indicators from a virtual machine monitor at first, we implement our malware detection frameworks using the features, and we evaluate effectiveness of our framework by using malware in the wild and comparing the result with previous works.
Ablenkung durch fahrfremde Taetigkeiten - Machbarkeitsstudie

Im Wesentlichen eignen sich vier Studientypen zur Untersuchung von Haeufigkeit und Gefaehrlichkeit fahrfremder Taetigkeiten. Die Frage nach der Gefaehrlichkeit laesst sich effektiv im Simulatorexperiment beantworten. Mit Naturalistic Driving Studies koennen sowohl Haeufigkeit als auch Gefaehrlichkeit fahrfremder Taetigkeiten im Realverkehr untersucht werden. Informationen ueber die Haeufigkeit fahrfremder Taetigkeiten koennen alternativ durch Befragungsstudien erfasst werden beziehungsweise es kann eine repraesentative Auswahl von Fahrern gebeten werden, an einem Tag ein Fahrttagebuch zu fuehren, in dem fahrfremde Taetigkeiten registriert werden. Zentrales Problem der letzteren beiden Studientypen ist die Frage, inwieweit fahrfremde Taetigkeiten ueberhaupt berichtbar sind und berichtet werden. Alle Ansaetze setzen eine umfassende, eindeutige Definition fahrfremder Taetigkeiten voraus. Mit Hilfe einer Literaturstudie wurde ein Katalog relevanter fahrfremder Taetigkeiten entwickelt. In einer Machbarkeitsstudie mit knapp 300 Fahrern wurde untersucht, inwieweit ein Face-to-Face-Interview geeignet ist, um die Haeufigkeit fahrfremder Taetigkeiten durch eine Befragung direkt nach der Fahrt in Deutschland zu erfassen. Die dabei befragten fuenf Fahrergruppen unterscheiden sich in einer Reihe von Merkmalen, die wiederum die Haeufigkeit fahrfremder Taetigkeiten beeinflussen koennen. Insgesamt gaben 80 Prozent der befragten Fahrer an, dass sie zwischen einer und drei fahrfremde Taetigkeiten in der letzten halben Stunde ausgefuehrt haben. Betrachtet man die Dauer fahrfremder Taetigkeiten, so zeigt sich, dass die Interaktionen mit Beifahrern und die Bedienung fahrzeugfremder Geraete dabei den zeitlich groessten Teil der fahrfremden Taetigkeiten ausmachen. Den Fahrern ist zwar prinzipiell bewusst, dass fahrfremde Taetigkeiten gefaehrlich sein koennten, aeussern aber, dass dies in der speziellen Situation fuer sie nicht zutrifft. Ergebnis ist, dass mit Hilfe von Face-to-Face-Interviews direkt nach der Fahrt mit einem sehr ueberschaubaren Aufwand Schaetzungen der Haeufigkeit und Dauer fahrfremder Taetigkeiten innerhalb der letzten halben Stunde der Fahrt zu erhalten sind. Es zeigt sich, dass fahrfremde Taetigkeiten sowohl in der Haeufigkeit also auch in ihrer Dauer auch in Deutschland ein grosses Problemfeld darstellen. Allerdings sollten diese Befunde mit groesseren Stichproben repliziert werden, bei denen der Anteil anderer Fahrten (nachts, andere Jahreszeiten, andere Fahrziele) und Fahrer (Lkw-Fahrer in der Stadt) zu erhoehen waere. Bericht zum Forschungsprojekt 82.376/2009 der Bundesanstalt fuer Strassenwesen. Der Volltext ist unter http://bast.opus. hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2012/382/pdf/M225b.pdf verfuegbar. Titel in Englisch: Distraction by non-driving activities - feasibility study. The full text and the ENGLISH ABSTRACT are available at http://bast.opus. hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2012/382/pdf/M225b.pdf.
Novel recommendation systems in social networks

Absence of the user based recommendation system is a prevalent problem in a social network. In this paper, our work tends to model distance based group and probability based group in terms deciding recommendation dynamics. Here, we want to identify the best user who appears to be the innocent audience. In this regard, the effect of network density and preference homogeneity according to the user have been calculated. We have also used the probability function to evaluate the group of user that could be recommended.
Sleep architecture and behavioral abnormalities in children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and parent report of attention and behavioral problems in children, as well as the association between sleep stage duration and measures of child functioning in a clinically referred sample. METHODS A chart review was conducted of 95 children with clinical history of SDB who completed an overnight polysomnography study in a pediatric sleep laboratory. Child functioning was assessed at the time of the sleep study by parent report on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The apnea hypopnea index was used as a measure of SDB severity. RESULTS The apnea hypopnea index was associated with externalizing behavior, but not attention problems on the CBCL. In children 2-3 years old, stage 4 sleep duration was associated with externalizing behavior. In children 4-16 years old, REM sleep duration was associated with externalizing behavior. CONCLUSIONS Children with increased SDB severity may be at greater risk for behavioral problems. Differences between the association of sleep stages and externalizing behavior in toddlers compared with older children suggests possible developmental differences in the association between sleep and behavior.
Exploring the Moderating Effects of CU traits on the Relationship Between Social Intelligence and Aggression

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Capturing Reflectance - From Theory to Practice

One important problem in photorealistic or predictive rendering nowadays is to realistically model the light interaction with objects. Measurements can capture the reﬂection properties of real world surface, i.e., they are one way of obtaining realistic reﬂection properties. For arbitrary (non-ﬂuorescent, non-phosphorescent) materials, the reﬂection properties can be described by the 8D reﬂectance ﬁeld of the surface, also called BSSRDF. Since densely sampling an 8D function is currently not practical various acquisition methods have been proposed which reduce the number of dimensions by restricting the viewing or relighting capabilities of the captured data sets. In this tutorial we will mainly focus on three different approaches, the ﬁrst allowing to reconstruct opaque surfaces from a very small set of input images, the second allows for arbitrary surfaces but under the assumption of distant light sources and the last which allows for relighting an arbitrary scene with arbitrary spatially varying light patterns. After a short introduction explaining some fundamental concepts regarding measuring and representing reﬂection properties, the basics of data acquisition with photographs will be addressed. The tutorial present the set of current state-of-the art algorithms for acquiring and modeling 3D objects. The tutorial investigates the strengths and limitations of each technique and sorts them by their complexity with regard to acquisition costs. Besides describing the theoretical contributions we will furthermore point out the practical issues when acquiring reﬂectance ﬁelds in order to help interested users to build and implement their own acquisition setup.
Interdigitated Back Passivated Contact (IBPC) Solar Cells Formed by Ion Implantation

We describe work toward an interdigitated back passivated contact (IBPC) solar cell formed by patterned ionimplanted passivated contacts. Formation of electron and hole passivated contacts to n-type Cz wafers using a thin SiO<sub>2</sub> layer and ion-implanted amorphous silicon (a-Si) is described. P and B were ion implanted into intrinsic a-Si films, forming symmetric and IBPC test structures. The recombination parameter J<sub>0</sub>, as measured by a Sinton lifetime tester after thermal annealing, was J<sub>0</sub> ~ 2.4 fA/cm<sup>2</sup> for Si:P and J<sub>0</sub> ~ 10 fA/cm<sup>2</sup> for Si:B contacts. The contact resistivity for the passivated contacts was found to be 0.46 Ω·cm<sup>2</sup> for the n-type contact and 0.04 Ω·cm<sup>2</sup> for the p-type contact. The IBPC solar cell test structure gave 1-sun V<sub>oc</sub> values of 682 mV and pFF = 80%. The benefits of the ion-implanted IBPC cell structure are discussed.
Retrieval of element lists using the 2-level deterministic inverted index for accelerating structural joins

In this paper, we propose an inverted index technique and a novel structural join technique for accelerating XML path query evaluation. Our inverted index can retrieve element lists for path segments in a parent-child relationship. Our structural join technique can handle lists of element pairs while the existing techniques handle lists of elements. We show through experiments that these two proposed techniques are integrated to accelerate evaluation of XML path queries
Reactive Power Optimization Using Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization

Problem statement: The problem of controlling a power system is not an easy task; it is subjected to various constraints. There are at risks of voltage instability problems due to highly stressed operating conditions caused by increased load demand and other constraints in the power system network. Approach: This study presents the implementation of Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) in solving the Reactive Power Optimization (RPO) problem. The main aim of this algorithm is the minimization of the real power loss and to improvise the voltage in the system. In this new algorithm, the particles were made to perform studies on itself and also the best ones in the system. Results: The implementations of QPSO were carried on modified IEEE 14 bus system for obtaining solution to the reactive power optimization and the output results are found predominant with classical PSO. Conclusion: This technique is used to find the best solution and also the convergence time is reduced. The proposed QPSO method is demonstrated and results are compared with traditional optimization methods.
The Effect of Response Format on the Psychometric Properties of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory

The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) is currently the most widely used measure of narcissism in social/personality psychology. It is also relatively unique because it uses a forced-choice response format. We investigate the consequences of changing the NPI’s response format for item meaning and factor structure. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: 40 forced-choice items (n = 2,754), 80 single-stimulus dichotomous items (i.e., separate true/false responses for each item; n = 2,275), or 80 single-stimulus rating scale items (i.e., 5-point Likert-type response scales for each item; n = 2,156). Analyses suggested that the “narcissistic” and “nonnarcissistic” response options from the Entitlement and Superiority subscales refer to independent personality dimensions rather than high and low levels of the same attribute. In addition, factor analyses revealed that although the Leadership dimension was evident across formats, dimensions with entitlement and superiority were not as robust. Implications for continued use of the NPI are discussed.
Statistical Relational Learning of Grammar Rules for 3D Building Reconstruction

The automatic interpretation of 3D point clouds for building reconstruction is a challenging task. The interpretation process requires highly structured models representing semantics. Formal grammars can describe structures as well as the parameters of buildings and their parts. We propose a novel approach for the automatic learning of weighted attributed context‐free grammar rules for 3D building reconstruction, supporting the laborious manual design of rules. We separate structure from parameter learning. Specific Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are used to generate a weighted context‐free grammar and predict structured outputs such as parse trees. The grammar is extended by parameters and constraints, which are learned based on a statistical relational learning method using Markov Logic Networks (MLNs). MLNs enforce the topological and geometric constraints. MLNs address uncertainty explicitly and provide probabilistic inference. They are able to deal with partial observations caused by occlusions. Uncertain projective geometry is used to deal with the uncertainty of the observations. Learning is based on a large building database covering different building styles and façade structures. In particular, a treebank that has been derived from the database is employed for structure learning.
Spontaneous reinnervation of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps after secondary breast reconstruction

The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEAP) flap is the gold standard of free flaps in breast reconstruction. However, until now little attention has been paid to reinnervation of the flap. The aim of this study was to examine the spontaneous reinnervation of the DIEAP flap after breast reconstruction. The study was cross-sectional, and included 29 women who had all previously had secondary reconstruction with a DIEAP flap after mastectomy for breast cancer. Pressure thresholds were analysed on the skin island of the flap using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. The measurements showed measurable sensation in 29 of the 30 flaps. Nine patients had normal or diminished light touch in one or more areas. We also found significant better pressure sensitivity when the medial was compared to the lateral side and the inferior to the superior side of the flap. Our data showed that DIEAP flaps reinnervate after breast reconstruction although there is no sensory nerve repair. We suggest that nerve ingrowth takes place from the sides and this seems to be more pronounced in the inferomedial part of the flap.
A unified flux and torque control method for DTC-based induction-motor drives

In the direct torque control (DTC) of induction motor, flux linkage, and electromagnetic torque are controlled directly by the selection of a switching vector from a look-up table. However, the selected vector is not always the best one since only the sector is considered where the flux linkage space vector lies without considering its accurate location. This paper presents a unified flux and torque control method for DTC-based induction-motor drives, where the flux and torque errors are geometrically put together to make a stator voltage vector in a deadbeat fashion. The look-up table in the DTC is replaced by a minimum-distance vector selection scheme to minimize the flux and torque ripples over a fixed sampling period. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm effectively reduces the flux and torque ripples.
Bilingüismo y realidad sociolingüística de la lengua del grupo Wayuu en el Caribe Colombiano

El estudio de la comunidad de habla del wayuunaiki, lengua de la familia arawak , asentada territorialmente en La Guajira colombo-venezolana constituye nuestro principal proposito de analisis en la investigacion que aqui presentamos, es un estudio que, en dos fases, busca poner en evidencia las caracteristicas de la situacion de lenguas en contacto, espanol/wuayunaiki y de otras lenguas que conocen y usan, en cierta medida, las comunidades wayuu asentadas en La Guajira colombiana. Nuestro objetivo en este trabajo consiste en dar cuenta de la caracterizacion de una comunidad indigena como la que nos ocupa, su situacion territorial, las caracteristicas sociolinguisticas de la comunidad, la situacion de contacto de lenguas en la que pervive en un contexto permanente de multilinguismo y multiculturalidad y el estudio de la conciencia y actitudes sociolinguisticas de esta comunidad.
Identification of a Quality Marker (Q-Marker) of Danhong Injection by the Zebrafish Thrombosis Model

Quality-marker (Q-marker) is an emerging concept to ensure the quality and batch-to-batch consistency of Chinese medicine (CM). However, significant difficulties remain in the identification of Q-markers due to the unclear relationship between complex chemical compositions and the pharmacological efficacy of CM. In the present study, we proposed a novel strategy to identify the potential Q-marker of danhong injection (DHI) by an in vivo zebrafish thrombosis model. The anti-thrombotic effects of DHI and its major constituents were evaluated by the zebrafish model of arachidonic acid (AA)-induced thrombosis. The results indicated that DHI can attenuate tail venous thrombus and recover the decrease of heart red blood cell (RBC) intensity in a dose-dependent manner. The result that DHI prevented the formulation of thrombosis in zebrafish was also validated in the zebrafish thrombosis model with green fluorescence protein (GFP)-labeled hemoglobin. The major components of DHI, namely danshen (DS) and honghua (HH), as well as the major chemical constituents of DHI, also exerted anti-thrombotic effects, among which rosmarinic acid (RA) and p-coumaric acid (pCA) showed moderate anti-thrombotic effects. This is the first time that pCA from HH has been found as an active compound exerting an anti-thrombotic effect in a dose-dependent manner, whose IC50 value is approximately 147 μg/mL. By analyzing 10 batches of normal DHI samples and five abnormal samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we found the contents of pCA and RA can be positively correlated to the anti-thrombotic effect of DHI, suggesting that pCA and RA could be potential Q-markers of DHI to ensure batch-to-batch consistency. Our findings illustrated that discovering major active compounds from CM by in vivo pharmacological models can be a useful approach to identifying Q-markers of CM, and in vivo pharmacological models can be a potential tool to evaluate batch-to-batch consistency of CMs.
Clustering-based Scalable Evolving Graphs for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Message routing in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) pose a particular technical challenge due to their highly dynamic nature. Eiza and Ni [1] have proposed an evolving graph approach to route messages in VANETs both reliably and efficiently. Evolving graphs, however, are resource intensive and do not scale well as the density of vehicles in the network increases. In this paper, we present a hybrid approach that combines evolving graphs with node clustering techniques to create scalable evolving graph models that are independent of node density. We evaluate our approach on a large-scale geolocation dataset obtained from taxis in Beijing, China.
Inter-satellite Ranging System Design in formation

An inter-satellite ranging system in formation is designed. It can be applied to measure relative distance with the help of GPS constellation or independently works when GPS is invisible. Details of this design are represented, including its architecture, hybrid TDMA/FDMA technique and ranging precision analysis. And, a probabilistic algorithm is proposed to improve ranging precision from plusmn30 m to plusmn3 m in a certain risk probability.