Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Directed Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Corticofugal Neurons Uncovers Heterogeneous Fezf2-Expressing Subpopulations

Understanding how neuronal diversity is achieved within the cerebral cortex remains a major challenge in neuroscience. The advent of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a model system provides a unique opportunity to study human corticogenesis in vitro and to identify the mechanisms that promote neuronal differentiation to achieve neuronal diversity in human brain. The transcription factor Fezf2 is necessary and sufficient for the specification of subcerebral projection neurons in mouse. However, its function during human corticogenesis is poorly understood. This study reports the differentiation of a hFezf2-YFP hESC reporter line into corticofugal projection neurons capable of extending axons toward the spinal cord upon transplantation into neonatal mouse brains. Additionally, we show that triple inhibition of the TGFß/BMP/Wnt-Shh pathway promotes the generation of hFezf2-expressing cells in vitro. Finally, this study unveils the isolation of two novel and distinct populations of hFezf2-YFP expressing cells reminiscent of the distinct Fezf2-expressing neuronal subtypes in the developing mouse brain. Overall our data suggest that the directed differentiation of hESCs into corticofugal neurons provides a useful model to identify the molecular mechanisms regulating human corticofugal differentiation and survival.
Mixed-Vth (MVT) CMOS circuit design methodology for low power applications

Dual threshold technique has been proposed to reduce leakage power in low voltage and low power circuits by applying a high threshold voltage to some transistors in non-critical paths, while a low-threshold is used in critical path(s) to maintain the performance. Mixed-V/sub th/ (MVT) static CMOS design technique allows different thresholds within a logic gate, thereby increasing the number of high threshold transistors compared to the gate-level dual threshold technique. In this paper, a methodology for MVT CMOS circuit design is presented. Different MVT CMOS circuit schemes are considered and three algorithms are proposed for the transistor-level threshold assignment under performance constraints. Results indicate that MVT CMOS design technique can provide about 20% more leakage reduction compared to the corresponding gate-level dual threshold technique.
A Near-Optimal LLR Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Scheme for CRAHNs

In Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (CRAHNs), cooperative spectrum sensing schemes exploit spatial diversity of the Secondary Users (SUs), to reliably detect an unoccupied licensed spectrum. Soft energy combining schemes provide optimal detection performance by combining the actual sensed information from SUs. For reliable data fusion, these techniques mandate weight estimation for individual SUs in each sensing interval, resulting in high cooperation overhead in terms of time, processing and bandwidth. Alternately, a hard energy combining scheme offers lower cooperation overhead in which only local SU decisions are reported to the fusion center. However, it provides sub-optimal detection performance due to the information loss. In this paper, a Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme is proposed in which each SU performs a local LLR based sensing test employing two threshold levels. The local decision and sequentially estimated SNR parameter values (for weight computation) are not reported to the fusion center if the local test result is in-between the two threshold levels. Thereby, cooperation overhead is reduced in proportion to the hard combining techniques; nevertheless simulation results show that the detection performance of the proposed scheme is close to the optimal soft combining techniques.
Frequency of Driver Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma from Female Never-Smokers Varies with Histologic Subtypes and Age at Diagnosis

Purpose: Our previous study revealed that 90% [47 of 52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79–0.96] of Chinese never-smokers with lung adenocarcinoma harbor known oncogenic driver mutations in just four genes EGFR, ALK, HER2, and KRAS. Here, we examined the status of known driver mutations specifically in female never-smokers with lung adenocarcinoma. Experimental Design: Tumors were genotyped for mutations in EGFR, KRAS, ALK, HER2, and BRAF. Data on age, stage, tumor differentiation, histologic subtypes, and molecular alterations were recorded from 349 resected lung adenocarcinomas from female never-smokers. We further compared the clinicopathologic parameters according to mutational status of these genes. Results: Two hundred and sixty-six (76.2%) tumors harbored EGFR mutations, 16 (4.6%) HER2 mutations, 15 (4.3%) EML4-ALK fusions, seven (2.0%) KRAS mutations, and two (0.6%) BRAF mutations. In univariate analysis, patients harboring EGFR mutations were significantly older (P < 0.001), whereas patients harboring HER2 mutations were significantly younger (P = 0.036). Higher prevalence of KRAS (P = 0.028) and HER2 (P = 0.021) mutations was found in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA). The frequency of EGFR mutations was positively correlated with acinar predominant tumors (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that older age at diagnosis (P = 0.013) and acinar predominant subtype (P = 0.005) were independent predictors of EGFR mutations. Independent predictors of HER2 mutations included younger age (P = 0.030) and IMA (P = 0.017). IMA (P = 0.006) and poor differentiation (P = 0.028) were independently associated with KRAS mutations. Conclusions: The frequency of driver mutations in never-smoking female lung adenocarcinoma varies with histologic subtypes and age at diagnosis. These data have implications for both clinical trial design and therapeutic strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 18(7); 1947–53. ©2012 AACR.
Characterization of fibrinolytic activities of Treponema denticola

Several fibrinolytic activities of Treponema denticola, an oral spirochete associated with gingivitis and periodontal disease, were identified and characterized following phase partitioning with the nonionic detergent Triton X-114. The apparent molecular masses of the proteases ranged from 91 to 228 kDa when analyzed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels containing fibrinogen as the protease substrate. A qualitative analysis of zymograms showed that the proteases were highly enriched in the detergent phase, although the 91-, 173-, and 228-kDa proteases were also found in the aqueous phase. Zymograms of crude outer sheaths prepared by repeated freezing-thawing revealed that the proteases may be associated with this subcellular compartment. The proteases displayed substrate specificity towards fibrinogen, were susceptible to sulfhydryl group reagents, and had a pH optimum between 7 and 8. The similarities in their sensitivity to inhibitors, temperature stability, pH optimum, and laddered protein profiles suggest that these hydrolytic enzymes may be part of a family of oligomeric proteases that may play an important role in the invasiveness of and tissue damage caused by the spirochete.
Mechanisms underlying molecularly imprinted polymer molecular memory and the role of crosslinker: resolving debate on the nature of template recognition in phenylalanine anilide imprinted polymers

A series of molecular dynamics simulations of prepolymerization mixtures for phenylalanine anilide imprinted co‐(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate‐methacrylic acid) molecularly imprinted polymers have been employed to investigate the mechanistic basis for template selective recognition in these systems. This has provided new insights on the mechanisms underlying template recognition, in particular the significant role played by the crosslinking agent. Importantly, the study supports the occurrence of template self‐association events that allows us to resolve debate between the two previously proposed models used to explain this system's underlying recognition mechanisms. Moreover, the complexity of the molecular level events underlying template complexation is highlighted by this study, a factor that should be considered in rational molecularly imprinted polymer design, especially with respect to recognition site heterogeneity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revascularization as Treatment of a Ruptured Fusiform Aneurysm at the Cortical Segment of the Superior Cerebellar Artery: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract A fusiform aneurysm of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) is rare and mainly occurs at the proximal segment. A 71-year-old female patient was admitted to our institution with a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Angiography revealed dominance of both SCAs with aplasia of both the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and a fusiform aneurysm at the cortical segment of the left SCA involving the bifurcation site. Bypass connecting the left occipital artery to the inferior branch of the left SCA was performed, followed by trapping and clipping of the proximal and distal parts of the aneurysm, respectively. Blood flow was maintained in a retrograde manner from the inferior branch to the superior branch. She was discharged with no neurologic deficits and continues to be followed up by our department as an outpatient. This is the first report of a treatment method for a fusiform aneurysm located in the cortical segment of the SCA.
New results on low-density integer lattices

A new family of integer lattices built from Construction A and non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes has been proposed by the authors in 2012. Lattices in this family are referred to as LDA lattices. Previous experimental results revealed excellent performance which clearly single out LDA lattices among the strongest candidates for potential applications in digital communications and networks, such as network coding and information theoretic security at the physical layer level. In this paper, we show that replacing random codes by LDPC codes in Construction A does not induce any structural loss. More precisely, our main theorem states that LDA lattices can achieve Poltyrev capacity limit on an additive white Gaussian noise channel. We present here the detailed proof and its consequences on the lattice dimension, the finite field size, and the parameters of the LDPC ensemble. The latter has a row weight that increases logarithmically in the code length. In a more recent work, it is proved that the Poltyrev limit is attained by a different LDA ensemble having a small constant row weight.
Exploring Empathic Space: Correlates of Perspective Transformation Ability and Biases in Spatial Attention

Separate lines of research have noted recruitment of parietal cortex during tasks involving visuo-spatial processes and empathy. To explore the relationship between these two functions, a self-other perspective transformation task and a task of spatial attention (line bisection) were administered to 40 healthy participants (19 women). Performance on these tasks was examined in relation to self-reported empathy. Rightward biases in line bisection correlated positively with trait-level self-reported empathic concern, suggesting a left hemisphere mediation of this prosocial personality trait. Unexpectedly, speed of perspective taking in the self-other transformation task correlated negatively with empathic concern, but only in women, which we interpret in light of gender differences in empathy and strategies for egocentric mental transformations. Together, the findings partially support the commonalities in visuo-spatial attention, perspective-taking and empathy. More broadly, they shed additional light on the relationship between basic cognitive functions and complex social constructs.
McEliece cryptosystem based on punctured convolutional codes and the pseudo-random generators

The purpose of this paper is to present a new version of the McEliece cryptosystem based on punctured convolutional codes and the pseudo-random generators. We use the modified self-shrinking generator to fill the punctured pattern. More precisely we propose to fill out the pattern punctured by the bits generated using a pseudo random generator LFSR.
Energy Efficiency of MIMO Transmission Strategies in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, a cooperative and hierarchical wireless sensor network is considered. By allowing sensor nodes in close proximity to cooperate in transmission, and by introducing a powerful mobile agent equipped with an antenna array to collect data, a virtual MIMO channel can be formed, on which recent advances in MIMO technologies can be applied. Analysis in the wideband regime reveals that, while receive diversity introduces significant improvement in both energy efficiency and spectral efficiency, further improvement due to the transmit diversity of space-time block codes (STBC) is limited, as opposed to the superiority of the spatial multiplexing (SM) scheme especially for non-trivial spectral efficiency. These observations are further confirmed in our analysis of more realistic systems with limited bandwidth, finite constellation sizes, and target error rate. In practice, the SM scheme may be hindered by suboptimal detection due to complexity concerns, and link adaptation can be exploited as a remedy. The circuit energy consumption and the cooperation penalty are explicitly considered in the total energy expenditure for sensor networks applications, which further diminish the possible advantages of STBC, limit the size of the cooperative group, and add a new element in the link adaptation study.
Hypothetical Description for Intelligent Data Mining

— Intelligent data mining is to use the intelligent search to discover information within data warehouses those queries and reports cannot effectively reveal and to find the patterns in the data and infer rules from them, and use these patterns and rules to guide for decision making and forecasting. Therefore the Intelligent data mining incorporates advantages of both knowledge acquisitions from data, and knowledge acquisition from experts. In this paper, we propose a new framework on medical diagnosis for intelligent data mining using computations technique based on rough sets
Prépublications Du Département De Mathématiques Some Remarks on the Asymptotic Behavior of the Caginalp System with Singular Potentials Some Remarks on the Asymptotic Behavior of the Caginalp System with Singular Potentials

This article is devoted to the study of the asymptotic behavior of a Caginalp phase-field system with Neumann boundary conditions and singular potentials. We first prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions, and then the existence of exponentials attractors (and thus of finite dimensional global attractors). We finally study the convergence of solutions to steady states as time goes to infinity ; in particular, we are able to prove that, in some cases, the trajectories converge to spatially homogeneous steady states exponentially fast.
A Reconfigurable Computing Model for Biological Research Application of Smith-Waterman Analysis to Bacterial Genomes

High-throughput technologies in the field of biology have led to an exponential growth in the amount of data generated over the past several years. This is witnessed in the sequencing of the genomes of mouse, rat, rice, Arabidopsis, human and many bacteria and viruses. Ever increasing computational resources are required to annotate and explore the resulting sequences and to refine our current models of understanding. This data explosion is forcing computational biologists to search for innovative computational designs to meet the growing demands in the field of biology.
p 53-Independent Functions of MDM 2

The tumor suppressor p53 is inactivated by overexpression of MDM2 in about 10% of human tumors. However, p53 is inactivated by other mechanisms in the majority of tumors, raising the possibility that MDM2 may be irrelevant to transformation in most cases. However, MDM2 has been reported to have p53-independent functions, in cell cycle control, differentiation, cell fate determination, DNA repair, basal transcription, and other processes. Furthermore, MDM2 appears to contribute to the transformed phenotype in the absence of wild-type p53. Nevertheless, the number of studies is still limited, and the evidence in some cases does not unequivocally show that the functions are p53 independent. We will discuss the circuits of regulation involving MDM2 that do not directly concern p53. Hopefully, future work will consolidate our understanding of the p53-independent pathological functions of MDM2 and will lead to useful therapeutic interventions that target the majority of tumors. Introduction Although MDM2 has been extensively characterized as a regulator of p53, there is considerable evidence that MDM2 has p53-independent functions. We will describe the evidence from in vivo studies, including human tumors, transgenic mice, and cells in culture. We will portray the interactions of MDM2 with various factors (Fig. 1) that have effects on functions relevant to transformation, including cell cycle control, differentiation, DNA synthesis, RNA biosynthesis, transcription, and cell surface receptor turnover (Fig. 2). We will also consider the regulators of MDM2 that affect its functions, as far as they provide insights into the p53-independent functions of MDM2. Finally, we will discuss the hopes for tumor therapy. Certain aspects of the p53independent functions of MDM2 are covered in other reviews in this series and will not be discussed in detail here. In Vivo Evidence Human Tumors Human tumors containing both mutant p53 and MDM2 amplification are rare, but both modifications can occur within the same tumor and result in a poorer prognosis (1). The 12% of patients with bladder cancer that exhibit high levels of MDM2 and p53 mutation have a poorer prognosis than patients with either MDM2 amplification or p53 mutation (2). That there are two non-redundant mechanisms to inactivate p53 provides support for a p53-independent function of MDM2. Alternative Splicing of MDM2 Alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs can give rise to proteins with different functions. Interestingly, more than 40 different splice variants of MDM2 transcripts have been identified both in tumors and normal tissues, and the majority of these variants do not contain sequences encoding the p53 binding site, suggesting that they have p53-independent functions (for additional information, see Ref. 3 and the other reviews in this issue). Some of these splice variants may arise from the loss of splicing fidelity during tumorigenesis, and may not have an important function (4). The functions of the MDM2 splice variants lacking the p53 interaction domain need to be individually evaluated in appropriate model systems.
Some examples of current diffusion bonding applications

In recent years a renaissance of diffusion bonding can be observed. Beside applications in the aerospace industry more and more industrial users take advantage of the solid state joining process. The progressive development of micro technologies results from the systematic miniaturization efforts for electrical, optical and mechanical components. A major role for this is taken by the application of scale effects. Today, micro structured‐components are already deployed in telecommunication, mechanical engineering, medicine‐ and biotechnology.
Genetic modifiers interact with maternal determinants in vascular development of Tgfb1(-/-) mice.

The transforming growth factor beta signaling family is a key player in genetic and multifactorial diseases, including hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), cancer, atherosclerosis and immunomodulation. HHT types 1 and 2 are caused by loss of function mutations in ENG and ACVRL1; polymorphisms in TBRI and TGFB1 are also associated with altered risks for cancer and cardiovascular diseases. There is therefore much interest in identifying factors that influence transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) action in vivo. Here we identify a potent modifier locus, Tgfbkm2(129) (LOD=10.5, chromosome 1), that contributes over 90% of the genetic component determining survival to birth of Tgfb1(-/-) embryos in crosses between C57 and 129 mice, plus a suggestive modifier locus on chromosome 17 (LOD=3.7). Tgfb1(-/-) survival to birth (STB), in addition to dependence on embryonic Tgfbkm2 genotype, also depends on maternal effects. Fetal genotype and maternal factors interact to prevent Tgfb1(-/-) embryonic death due to defective yolk sac angiogenesis. C57 or C57/129.F1 mothers support high Tgfb1(-/-) STB rates, whereas 129 mothers do not. Strain differences in circulating maternal TGFbeta1 levels were excluded as the cause of this directional complementation. However, strong genetic support is provided for the involvement of maternal STB alleles of mitochondrial or imprinted genes that are only expressed when passed through the female lineage. Molecular identification of the functional gene(s) encoding Tgfbkm2 and its interacting maternal factors will be central to an understanding of the mode of action of TGFbeta1 in cardiovascular development.
The free energy for hydrolysis of a microtubule-bound nucleotide triphosphate is near zero: all of the free energy for hydrolysis is stored in the microtubule lattice [published erratum appears in J Cell Biol 1995 Apr;129(2):549]

The standard free energy for hydrolysis of the GTP analogue guanylyl- (a,b)-methylene-diphosphonate (GMPCPP), which is -5.18 kcal in solution, was found to be -3.79 kcal in tubulin dimers, and only -0.90 kcal in tubulin subunits in microtubules. The near-zero change in standard free energy for GMPCPP hydrolysis in the microtubule indicates that the majority of the free energy potentially available from this reaction is stored in the microtubule lattice; this energy is available to do work, as in chromosome movement. The equilibrium constants described here were obtained from video microscopy measurements of the kinetics of assembly and disassembly of GMPCPP-microtubules and GMPCP- microtubules. It was possible to study GMPCPP-microtubules since GMPCPP is not hydrolyzed during assembly. Microtubules containing GMPCP were obtained by assembly of high concentrations of tubulin-GMPCP subunits, as well as by treating tubulin-GMPCPP-microtubules in sodium (but not potassium) Pipes buffer with glycerol, which reduced the half-time for GMPCPP hydrolysis from > 10 h to approximately 10 min. The rate for tubulin-GMPCPP and tubulin-GMPCP subunit dissociation from microtubule ends were found to be about 0.65 and 128 s-1, respectively. The much faster rate for tubulin-GMPCP subunit dissociation provides direct evidence that microtubule dynamics can be regulated by nucleotide triphosphate hydrolysis.
Bulk Amorphous Ni75−xNb5MxP20−yBy (M=Cr, Mo) Alloys with Large Supercooling and High Strength

Bulk amorphous Ni-based alloys with high strength were formed in the diameter range up to 1.0 mm for Ni 65 Nb 5 Cr 5 Mo 5 P 14-16 B 4-6 alloys by copper mold casting. The T g and Δ T x (= T x -T g ) of the bulk amorphous alloys are 703 and 50 K, respectively, for the 4%B alloy and 701 and 61 K, respectively, for the 6%B alloy. There is no difference in thermal stability between the bulk and ribbon alloys. The crystallization takes place through a single exothermic reaction in which crystalline phases of Ni, Ni 3 P, Ni 3 B, Ni 6 Mo 2 P 3 , Cr 3 P and Cr 0.75 Ni 0.25 P precipitate almost simultaneously. The necessity of the long-range atomic rearrangement leading to the simultaneous precipitation of the six crystalline phases seems to be the reason for the high glass-forming ability of the Ni-based alloys. The Ni-based bulk amorphous alloys exhibit high tensile fracture strength (σ f ) of 2690 to 2760 MPa, Young's modulus (E) of 95 to 103 GPa, fracture elongation (e f ) of 2.8% and Vickers hardness (H v ) of 840 to 880. The ratios of 9.8H v /3E and σ f /E are nearly the same as those for the corresponding melt-spun amorphous ribbons. The synthesis of the Ni-based bulk amorphous alloys with the same thermal and mechanical properties as those for the alloy ribbons is encouraging for the future development of bulk amorphous nonferrous alloys with high strength.