Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shopping malls in Australia

This article reflects on the issue of the privatization of public space in relation to the recent development of a shopping mall in Sydney. The article argues that the development in Hornsby does not coincide with the need for an open and ‘democratic’ public space. Rather, what has developed is a privatized space, which reduces and controls diversity. This new type of physical space creates a discursive ‘rupture’ with older accounts of public space, which were based on equality and open access. It is argued that the older discourses of public space have been displaced by three new discourses. The three discourses reflect, first, notions associated with the traditional ideas of property and suburban order; second, ideas of neoliberalism and self-sufficiency; third, the notion that new public space is coterminous with safety and particular discourses on consumption. It follows that any activity detrimental to consumption must be limited and that all disruptive potentialities, real or imagined, should be removed.
UNDERSTANDING THE DECISION TO PARTICIPATE IN A SURVEY

The lack of full participation in sample surveys threatens the inferential value of the survey method. We review a set of conceptual developments and experimental findings that appear to be informative about causes of survey participation; offer an integration of that work with findings from the more traditional statistical and survey methodological literature on nonresponse; and, given the theoretical structure, deduce potentially promising paths of research toward the understanding of survey participation.
Rapid Host Defense against Aspergillus fumigatus Involves Alveolar Macrophages with a Predominance of Alternatively Activated Phenotype

The ubiquitous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is associated with chronic diseases such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunosuppressed patients and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in patients with cystic fibrosis or severe asthma. Because of constant exposure to this fungus, it is critical for the host to exercise an immediate and decisive immune response to clear fungal spores to ward off disease. In this study, we observed that rapidly after infection by A. fumigatus, alveolar macrophages predominantly express Arginase 1 (Arg1), a key marker of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs). The macrophages were also found to express Ym1 and CD206 that are also expressed by AAMs but not NOS2, which is expressed by classically activated macrophages. The expression of Arg1 was reduced in the absence of the known signaling axis, IL-4Rα/STAT6, for AAM development. While both Dectin-1 and TLR expressed on the cell surface have been shown to sense A. fumigatus, fungus-induced Arg1 expression in CD11c+ alveolar macrophages was not dependent on either Dectin-1 or the adaptor MyD88 that mediates intracellular signaling by most TLRs. Alveolar macrophages from WT mice efficiently phagocytosed fungal conidia, but those from mice deficient in Dectin-1 showed impaired fungal uptake. Depletion of macrophages with clodronate-filled liposomes increased fungal burden in infected mice. Collectively, our studies suggest that alveolar macrophages, which predominantly acquire an AAM phenotype following A. fumigatus infection, have a protective role in defense against this fungus.
The Behavioral Intentions Questionnaire

In the present study exploratory factor analysis is used to establish the etic validity of the Triandis model (as represented by the Behavioral Intentions Questionnaire) for each of three Australian cultural groups: Aboriginal, Anglo, and Migrant. It is also used to determine the emic content of the variables relevant to each of the groups. Multiple regression analysis is used to establish and compare the key predictors of behavioral intention based on the factor analytic studies for the three cultural groups. The ability of the factor score derived model to predict intention is compared with a raw score model.
Combining Multisource Information Through Functional-Annotation-Based Weighting: Gene Function Prediction in Yeast

Motivation: One of the important goals of biological investigation is to predict the function of unclassified gene. Although there is a rich literature on multi data source integration for gene function prediction, there is hardly any similar work in the framework of data source weighting using functional annotations of classified genes. In this investigation, we propose a new scoring framework, called biological score (BS) and incorporating data source weighting, for predicting the function of some of the unclassified yeast genes. Methods: The BS is computed by first evaluating the similarities between genes, arising from different data sources, in a common framework, and then integrating them in a linear combination style through weights. The relative weight of each data source is determined adaptively by utilizing the information on yeast gene ontology (GO)-slim process annotations of classified genes, available from Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD). Genes are clustered by a method called K-BS, where, for each gene, a cluster comprising that gene and its K nearest neighbors is computed using the proposed score (BS). The performances of BS and K-BS are evaluated with gene annotations available from Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences (MIPS). Results: We predict the functional categories of 417 classified genes from 417 clusters with 0.98 positive predictive value using K-BS. The functional categories of 12 unclassified yeast genes are also predicted. Conclusion: Our experimental results indicate that considering multiple data sources and estimating their weights with annotations of classified genes can considerably enhance the performance of BS. It has been found that even a small proportion of annotated genes can provide improvements in finding true positive gene pairs using BS.
Fielding the Study of Reception: Notes on "Negotiation" for Global Media Studies

As an emerging area of inquiry, "global media reception studies" has quietly amassed into a minor industry of scholarship. Of this body of work, ethnographic studies stand out in terms of their rigor and depth and their potential to engage theoretically our understanding of audiences' negotiation of meaning-a construct rooted in Hall's (1996) encoding/decoding model-which is important because the negotiation of meaning occupied a central place in the reception literature of the 1980s and 1990s, where it was articulated in terms of agency, intentionality, and subject-formation. Through this emphasis, however, the authority of media discourses often moved out of focus whereas media consumers' tactics, resistance, and pleasure emerged as primary points of analysis. In a call to rethink the notion of negotiation ethnographically, this article offers a critical assessment of the gaps and links between past reception studies and current media ethnographies and suggests ways that fieldwork could lead to a deeper and more complex understanding of audience meaning making.
Reduced binocular depth inversion in patients with alcoholism.

Binocular depth inversion represents an illusion of visual perception, serving to invert the perception of implausible hollow objects, e.g. a hollow face into a normal face. Such inversion occurs frequently, especially when objects with a higher degree of familiarity (e.g. photographs of faces) are displayed. Cognitive factors are assumed to override the binocular disparity cues of stereopsis. The hypothesis was tested that during mild and moderate alcohol withdrawal, and severe and mild alcohol intoxication, the central nervous system is unable to correct implausible perceptual hypotheses. Measurements of binocular depth inversion in perception of three-dimensional objects were performed in 10 patients with severe alcohol intoxication, in 10 subjects with mild alcohol intoxication, in nine patients with moderate alcohol withdrawal treated with carbamazepine, in 10 patients with moderate alcohol withdrawal without any pharmacological treatment, in 11 patients with mild alcohol withdrawal and in 10 healthy volunteers. The binocular depth inversion scores were highly elevated in the severely intoxicated patients group and in the group with moderate withdrawal symptoms without carbamazepine treatment, in comparison to the healthy volunteers. The data demonstrate a strong impairment of binocular depth inversion in moderate alcohol withdrawal and during severe alcohol intoxication. This supports the view that these states may be accompanied by a disorganization of the interaction between sensory input and top-down component. The effects of carbamazepine are discussed.
Enfleshing Embodiment: ‘Falling into trust’ with the body's role in teaching and learning

Embodiment as a compelling way to rethink the nature of teaching and learning asks participants to see fundamentally what is at stake within teaching/learning situations, encountering ourselves and our relations to others/otherness. Drawing predominantly on the thinking of John Dewey and Maurice Merleau‐Ponty the body's role within teaching and learning is enfleshed through the concrete experiences of one middle‐school science teacher attempting to teach for greater student inquiry. Personal, embodied understandings of the lived terms of inquiry enable the science teacher to seek out the lived terms of inquiry in her classroom alongside students. Theories are taken up as working notions for the teacher to examine as philosophical/theoretical/pragmatic processes to be worked with, and concomitantly, working as dynamic practice at the core of the teacher's thinking and experiences. The theory/practice conjuncture of inquiry is thus enfleshed, gaining embodied understandings. Embodiment as the medium enhancing comprehension is evidenced as holding worthy implications for teacher education. Teacher education must fall into trust with the body's role in teaching and learning.
Steganalysis of LSB based image steganography using spatial and frequency domain features

In this paper, we propose a method for steganalysis of grayscale images using both spatial and Gabor features. The basis of our work is to use Gabor filter coefficients and statistics of the graylevel co-occurrence matrix of images to train a support vector machine. We show that this feature set works well in steganalysis of grayscale images steganographied by LSB matching and Stools.
An introduction to morphological associative memories in complete lattices and inf-semilattices

In the mid 1990's, the morphological associative memory (MAM) was introduced as a distributive associative memory model. Since then several extensions of MAMs as well as applications in different domains have appeared in the literature. Just like other morphological neural network models, a MAM performs an elementary operation of mathematical morphology, possibly followed by an activation function, at every node. Generally speaking, a common trait of all distributive MAM models is their foundation in mathematical morphology on complete lattices. Morphological operators in the complete lattice framework come in dual pairs such as dilation/erosion, opening/closing, etc. Therefore, MAM models also have two versions (denoted using the symbols W and M) that are tolerant to different types of noise in the input patterns. To overcome this drawback for MAM models, we resort to the more recent theory of mathematical morphology on inf-semilattices whose elementary operators are self-dual. This paper represents a first attempt at formulating an associative memory (AM) in this framework.
Types of Errors in Synthesizing Research in Education

Nine types of errors occurring in three stages of the process of synthesizing research are described and illustrated with examples from a recent synthesis (Kagan, 1992) of research on teacher professional growth. Errors can occur in the initial identification and collection of reports of research, in the analysis of documents, and in the final stage of reaching generalizations about the whole body of research. Types of errors include the exclusion of relevant literature, wrongly reporting details such as sample size, erroneously attributing findings to studies, and stating unwarranted conclusions about the research reviewed. Implications for reviewers and users of reviews are considered.
The Luminal Domain of p23 (Tmp21) Plays a Critical Role in p23 Cell Surface Trafficking

p23 (Tmp21 or p24δ), a member of the p24 family, is important for maintaining the integrity of the secretory pathway in mammals. It is a type I protein with a receptor‐like luminal domain and a short cytoplasmic tail. This cytoplasmic tail carries an atypical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention KKXX motif that binds to coat protein I. The trafficking of p23 has been thought to be restricted to the early secretory pathway. However, recent findings as well as this study demonstrate that p23 is also found in the plasma membrane. By tagging different domains of p23 with green fluorescent protein, it is shown that it is the luminal domain that is primarily responsible for the appearance of p23 in the plasma membrane, despite the presence of a functional KKXX‐ER retention and retrieval motif. When the KKXX motif is abolished, p23 shows an extremely increased trafficking to the plasma membrane. These experiments reveal the presence of two fractions of p23 with distinct trafficking destinations. One fraction cycles through the ER–Golgi pathway using its functional KKXX retrieval motif. The transient appearance of p23 in the plasma membrane is supported by the luminal domain. These results help to explain the functional presence of p23 in plasma membrane protein complexes and post‐Golgi compartments.
Sexual selection explains more functional variation in the mammalian major histocompatibility complex than parasitism

Understanding drivers of genetic diversity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is vitally important for predicting how vertebrate immune defence might respond to future selection pressures and for preserving immunogenetic diversity in declining populations. Parasite-mediated selection is believed to be the major selective force generating MHC polymorphism, and while MHC-based mating preferences also exist for multiple species including humans, the general importance of mate choice is debated. To investigate the contributions of parasitism and sexual selection in explaining among-species variation in MHC diversity, we applied comparative methods and meta-analysis across 112 mammal species, including carnivores, bats, primates, rodents and ungulates. We tested whether MHC diversity increased with parasite richness and relative testes size (as an indicator of the potential for mate choice), while controlling for phylogenetic autocorrelation, neutral mutation rate and confounding ecological variables. We found that MHC nucleotide diversity increased with parasite richness for bats and ungulates but decreased with parasite richness for carnivores. By contrast, nucleotide diversity increased with relative testes size for all taxa. This study provides support for both parasite-mediated and sexual selection in shaping functional MHC polymorphism across mammals, and importantly, suggests that sexual selection could have a more general role than previously thought.
Mechanisms of Synergistic Antileukemic Interactions between Valproic Acid and Cytarabine in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Purpose: To determine the possibility of synergistic antileukemic activity and the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with cytarabine combined with valproic acid (VPA; a histone deacetylase inhibitor and a Food and Drug Administration–licensed drug for treating both children and adults with epilepsy) in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Experimental Design: The type and extent of antileukemic interactions between cytarabine and VPA in clinically relevant pediatric AML cell lines and diagnostic blasts from children with AML were determined by MTT assays and standard isobologram analyses. The effects of cytarabine and VPA on apoptosis and cell cycle distributions were determined by flow cytometry analysis and caspase enzymatic assays. The effects of the two agents on DNA damage and Bcl-2 family proteins were determined by Western blotting. Results: We showed synergistic antileukemic activities between cytarabine and VPA in four pediatric AML cell lines and nine diagnostic AML blast samples. t(8;21) AML blasts were significantly more sensitive to VPA and showed far greater sensitivities to combined cytarabine and VPA than non-t(8;21) AML cases. Cytarabine and VPA cooperatively induced DNA double-strand breaks, reflected in induction of γH2AX and apoptosis, accompanied by activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Further, VPA induced Bim expression and short hairpin RNA knockdown of Bim resulted in significantly decreased apoptosis induced by cytarabine and by cytarabine plus VPA. Conclusions: Our results establish global synergistic antileukemic activity of combined VPA and cytarabine in pediatric AML and provide compelling evidence to support the use of VPA in the treatment of children with this deadly disease. Clin Cancer Res; 16(22); 5499–510. ©2010 AACR.
‘Cin u get aff my facebook hen?’: variation and identity marking in adolescent Glaswegian girls

Chambers asserts that "adolescence requires a purposeful divergence from adult norms in favour of alternative norms instituted and reinforced by age-mates" (2009:184). Adolescents need to distinguish themselves from children and from adults. This manifests itself in language use which "differs from their parents in the frequency of certain variants" (ibid:187). I look for evidence of divergence from adult norms in the spontaneous spoken interactions of adolescent females in dance classes and youth club sessions; does this pattern of divergence emerge in the data observed? I also supplement my quantitative analysis of this spoken data with a qualitative analysis of the participants' writing on Facebook, in order to further investigate how variables are used in marking adolescent identity. The literature shows evidence of the use of certain types of variable in identity marking (e.g. phonetic variables in Stuart-Smith et al. 2007), but there is also evidence that some types of variable do not participate (e.g. morphosyntactic variables in Macafee 1994). This may be because variables from different levels of the grammar exist at different levels of speaker awareness (Trudgill 1986, Cutler 1999, Kerswill and Williams 2002). To test this, I analyse a range of variables from different levels of the grammar. I find evidence that the adolescents are diverging from the adult norms of their speech community at the lexical level, at the morphophonological level and at the phonetic level. The morphosyntactic variable which I analyse does not appear to participate in this pattern of divergence. I suggest that this may be because it is below the level of consciousness for these speakers. Although all of the speakers show a pattern of divergence from adult norms, their language use is not homogenous; there is evidence of individual stylistic choices being made both in the spoken data and the written data.
Classifier of cross talk genes predicts the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

The present study aimed to establish a prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on the cross talk genes from important biological pathways involved in HCC. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for HCC were identified from mRNA profiles of GSE36376, which were mapped to protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks from BioGrid and the human protein reference database. Then critical genes based on the deviation score and the degree of node were selected from the novel PPI network. Cross talk genes were screened from the network established based on the associations of gene-gene, gene-pathway and pathway-pathway. A classifier based on specific cross talk genes was constructed for prediction of HCC using the random forest algorithm. Finally, the diagnostic performance of this prediction model was verified by predicting survival time of patients with HCC from the genome cancer atlas (TCGA) and other independent gene expression omnibus (GEO) databases. From the novel PPI network, a total of 200 critical genes were screened out and they were significantly enriched in 23 pathways, which have been reported to be significantly associated with the development of HCC. Based on these identified pathways, cross talk genes were identified including AKT1, SOS1, EGF, MYC, IGF1, ERBB2, CDKN1B, SHC2, VEGFA and INS. The prediction model has a relative average classification accuracy of 0.94 for HCC, which has a stable predicting efficacy for survival time of HCC patients validated in the TCGA database and two other independent GEO datasets. In conclusion, a total of 39 cross talk genes in HCC were identified and a classifier based on the cross talk genes was constructed, which indicates a high prognosis prediction efficacy in several independent datasets. The results provide a novel perspective to develop a multiple gene diagnostic tool for HCC prognosis, which also provided potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for HCC.
Uncertainty Management and Social Issues: Uncertainty as an Important Determinant of Reactions to Socially Deviating People

In this paper, the social psychology of uncertainty management is used to explain reactions to socially deviating people. In Study 1, we examine how people react to a person communicating negative messages about their home country; in Study 2, how a representative sample of the Dutch society reacts to encounters with a homeless person; and in Study 3, what the behavioral and psychological reactions are of people in an anticipated interaction with a homeless individual. All 3 studies reveal that personal uncertainty—whether made salient in a subtle manner or measured by means of individual differences in the extent to which uncertainty is considered an emotionally threatening experience—is an important determinant of reactions to socially deviating persons. Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed, to me: I lift my lamp beside the golden door.
Inviting Meaningful Applicant Performances in Employment Interviews

Current approaches to employment interviewing have yet to achieve their full potential in matching people with jobs and promoting positive, long-term employer/employee relations. Although untrained and trained interviewers have sought to discover the true personalities, motives, and values of applicants, some interviewing methods used in pursuit of this goal may invite applicant perform ances of limited relevance and uncertain meaning. Interviewers can dramatically improve the value of the interview by helping interviewees give their best perform ances of job-relevant interpersonal and technical skills, practicing conscious trans parency, and making the interview a mutually controlled dialogue more typical of those on the job.
Effects of synchronous coaching in teacher training

Historically, the nature of coaching the teachers is asynchronously: a reflective discussion with the supervisory coach is the follow-up after a lesson has been taught. We expect that synchronous (immediate) coaching may complement and to a certain extent supplant the asynchronous feedback. Nonetheless, in order to investigate the additional effects of combining synchronous and asynchronous coaching, it is essential to obtain an insight into the effects of synchronous interventions separately from the asynchronous condition. Test subjects were assigned random to two conditions: synchronous vs. asynchronous. The participants were required to show teacher's behaviour on the basis of video fragments. An observer scored the quality of this pedagogical action. It appeared from this study that synchronous coaching had significantly greater effects than the asynchronous condition on the quality of the pedagogical action of the trainee teacher.