Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infrared analysis for determining macronutrients in human milk.

Infrared (IR) analysis is widely used for routine analysis of cow milk in dairies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the precision and accuracy of an IR analyzer (Milko-scan 104) for measuring protein, fat, carbohydrate, and, indirectly, the energy content of human milk. The results of the IR analysis were compared with those of the following reference methods: protein--Kjeldahl (nitrogen minus nonprotein nitrogen); fat--Roese Gottlieb; carbohydrate--lactose enzymatic assay; energy--bomb calorimetry. The precision (repeatability coefficient of variation) of the IR results was high for all four components: protein 0.4%, fat 1.0%, carbohydrate 0.2%, and energy 0.1%. There was a close linear covariation between IR results and reference results. [Protein content was determined with an error (SD) of 0.01 g/100 ml and fat with an error of 0.03 g/100 ml. ] The covariation between IR carbohydrate results and the results of the lactose assay was poor, probably because the oligosaccharides in the milk were included in the results from the IR analysis and not in the results from the lactose assay. IR analysis is a valuable method in research, especially in epidemiological surveys, in which large numbers of samples are analyzed, and for continuous monitoring of the nutritional value of human milk in milk banking programs.
Implication of Mother’s Depression on Educational Development of Internally displaced Nigerian Children

This study examined the implication of the mother’s depression on educational development of the internally displaced children in four states in Nigeria. Correlational survey method was used to randomly sample 959 women and 706 children who were seeking refuge at IDP camps located in each of the four states participated in the study. Zung Depression Self-Rating Scale (1965) and numerical, verbal and visual reasoning tests developed by Bareet (2004) were used to measure mother’s depression and educational development of the children respectively. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship among the variables of study. Results show that, there was a negative correlation between the age of the mothers and sex of the children; a negative relationship existed between the age of the mother and their educational background; it further revealed that positive relationships were found between the mothers’ depression and educational background of the children; sex of the children correlated negatively and significantly with the mothers’ depression and, mothers’ depression was significantly related to numerical, verbal and visual reasoning tests. The study concluded that displacement has a capacity to provoke fear, helplessness, depression or awfulness in response to the threat of injury, molestation or death and affecting the fundamental care for the children educationally by their mothers. Key Words : Mother’s depression, educational development internally displaced, women, children, Nigeria
Kringle Domains of Human Angiostatin

Recently we have identified angiostatin, an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor of 38 kDa which specifically blocks the growth of endothelial cells (O'Reilly, M. S., Holmgren, L., Shing, Y., Chen, C., Rosenthal, R. A., Moses, M., Lane, W. S., Cao, Y., Sage, E. H., and Folkman, J. (1994) Cell 79, 315-328; Folkman, J. (1995) Nat. Med. 1, 27-31). Angiostatin was shown to represent an internal fragment of plasminogen containing the first four kringle structures. We now report on the inhibitory effects of individual or combined kringle structures of angiostatin on capillary endothelial cell proliferation. Recombinant kringle 1 and kringle 3 exhibit potent inhibitory activity with half-maximal concentrations (ED50) of 320 nM and 460 nM, respectively. Also, recombinant kringle 2 displays a significant inhibition, although decreased compared with both kringle 1 and kringle 3. In contrast, kringle 4 is an ineffective inhibitor of basic fibroblast growth factor-stimulated endothelial cell proliferation. Among the tandem kringle arrays, the recombinant kringle 2-3 fragment exerts inhibitory activity similar to kringle 2 alone. However, relative to kringle 2-3, a marked enhancement in inhibition is observed when individual kringle 2 and kringle 3 are added together to endothelial cells. This implies that it is necessary to open the cystine bridge between kringle 2 and kringle 3 to obtain the maximal inhibitory effect of kringle 2-3. An increased (<2-fold) inhibitory activity is observed for the kringle 1-3 fragment (ED50 = 70 nM) compared with kringle 1-4 (ED50 = 135 nM). These data indicate that the anti-proliferative activity of angiostatin on endothelial cells is shared by kringle 1, kringle 2, and kringle 3, but probably not by kringle 4 and that more potent inhibition results when kringle 4 is removed from angiostatin. Thus, in view of the variable lysine affinity of the homologous domains, it would appear that lysine binding capability does not correlate with the relative inhibitory effects of the kringle-containing constructs. However, as we also demonstrate, appropriate folding of kringle structures is essential for angiostatin to maintain its full anti-endothelial activity.
The Social Dimension of the Entrepreneurial Motivation in the Central and Eastern European Countries

Objective: Discovering and categorising the entrepreneurial motivations of university student entrepreneurs in the CEE region, and uncovering the influencing factors behind the different motivation factors. The aim is to understand what factors shape the social motivations of entrepreneurs, and give insights on how these motivations may be en-hanced in order to make social entrepreneurship more effective. Research Design & Methods: The study is based on the 2016 GUESSS database that con-tains 19.338 answers for eight selected CEE countries. Factor analysis was used to detect the motivation factors; a General Linear Model was set up to identify the influencing factors of the Social mission, one of the motivation factors of the university student entrepreneurs. Findings: Five factors of entrepreneurial motivations were identified: Social mission, Customer focus, Competition/market focus, Individual goals, and Collective/community goals. Most of the factors are intrinsic in nature. Social mission factor is influenced by education, the entrepreneurship-related courses and programmes, a cultural dimension called uncertainty avoidance, and country-level characteristics that are not cultural in nature. Implications & Recommendations: Entrepreneurship courses and programmes influence attitudes and motivations, and so higher education institutions should focus on such programmes. The standard courses do not enhance the importance of intrinsic motivations, such as the social mission, so more emphasis should be put on the social dimensions. Contribution & Value Added: Our study contributes to the entrepreneurial motivations and social innovation literature, and calls for further comparative research, as the social mission GLM showed that country-level differences exist in the CEE region.
Real-time volumetric image reconstruction and 3D tumor localization based on a single x-ray projection image for lung cancer radiotherapy.

PURPOSE To develop an algorithm for real-time volumetric image reconstruction and 3D tumor localization based on a single x-ray projection image for lung cancer radiotherapy. METHODS Given a set of volumetric images of a patient at N breathing phases as the training data, deformable image registration was performed between a reference phase and the other N-1 phases, resulting in N-1 deformation vector fields (DVFs). These DVFs can be represented efficiently by a few eigenvectors and coefficients obtained from principal component analysis (PCA). By varying the PCA coefficients, new DVFs can be generated, which, when applied on the reference image, lead to new volumetric images. A volumetric image can then be reconstructed from a single projection image by optimizing the PCA coefficients such that its computed projection matches the measured one. The 3D location of the tumor can be derived by applying the inverted DVF on its position in the reference image. The algorithm was implemented on graphics processing units (GPUs) to achieve real-time efficiency. The training data were generated using a realistic and dynamic mathematical phantom with ten breathing phases. The testing data were 360 cone beam projections corresponding to one gantry rotation, simulated using the same phantom with a 50% increase in breathing amplitude. RESULTS The average relative image intensity error of the reconstructed volumetric images is 6.9% +/- 2.4%. The average 3D tumor localization error is 0.8 +/- 0.5 mm. On an NVIDIA Tesla C1060 GPU card, the average computation time for reconstructing a volumetric image from each projection is 0.24 s (range: 0.17 and 0.35 s). CONCLUSIONS The authors have shown the feasibility of reconstructing volumetric images and localizing tumor positions in 3D in near real-time from a single x-ray image.
Non-uniform patch sampling with deep convolutional neural networks for white matter hyperintensity segmentation

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been widely used for visual recognition tasks including semantic segmentation of images. While the existing methods consider uniformly sampled single-or multi-scale patches from the neighborhood of each voxel, this approach might be sub-optimal as it captures and processes unnecessary details far away from the center of the patch. We instead propose to train CNNs with non-uniformly sampled patches that allow a wider extent for the sampled patches. This results in more captured contextual information, which is in particular of interest for biomedical image analysis, where the anatomical location of imaging features are often crucial. We evaluate and compare this strategy for white matter hyperintensity segmentation on a test set of 46 MRI scans. We show that the proposed method not only outperforms identical CNNs with uniform patches of the same size (0.780 Dice coefficient compared to 0.736), but also gets very close to the performance of an independent human expert (0.796 Dice coefficient).
Cerebral perfusion assessment by bolus tracking using hyperpolarized 13C

Cerebral perfusion was assessed with 13C MRI in a rat model after intravenous injections of the 13C‐labeled compound bis‐1,1‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1‐13C‐cyclopropane‐D8 in aqueous solutions hyperpolarized by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). Since the tracer acted as a direct signal source, several of the problems associated with techniques based on traditional dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI contrast agents were avoided. Maps of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time (MTT) were calculated. The MTT was determined to be 2.8 ± 0.8 sec. However, arterial partial‐volume effects in the animal model prevented accurate absolute quantification of CBF and CBV. It was demonstrated that depolarization of the hyperpolarized 13C tracer via relaxation and the imaging sequence had little influence on CBF assessment when the time resolution of the imaging sequence was short compared to the MTT. However, CBV and MTT were increasingly underestimated as MTT or the depolarization rate increased if depolarization was not taken into account. With a modified bolus‐tracking theory depolarization could be compensated for, assuming that the depolarization rate was known. Three separate compensation methods were investigated experimentally and by numerical simulations. Magn Reson Med 51:464–472, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Membrane microscopic chorionic pseudocysts are associated with increased amount of placental extravillous trophoblasts

Aim: To further study the pathogenesis of membrane microscopic chorionic pseudocysts (MCP), a presumptive placental chronic hypoxic lesion, this analysis retrospectively assessed the amount, maturity, proliferation, and apoptosis of membrane and chorionic disc extravillous trophoblasts in placentas with MCP. Methods: Sections of 50 consecutive placentas with MCP (study group) and 50 placentas without MCP from pregnancies matched for gestational age (control group) were immunostained for human placental lactogen (hPL, a marker of trophoblastic maturity), M30 (a marker of irreversible apoptosis in epithelial cells), and E‐cadherin and Ki‐67 (double immunostaining, epithelial and proliferation markers, respectively). Positivity was evaluated quantitatively and analysed statistically. Results: A normal placenta features up to a seven cell thick membrane extravillous trophoblast layer and up to five cell islands or placental septa per chorionic disc section. Study group placentas featured 2.2 times more cell islands or placental septa (p < 0.01), and had membrane extravillous trophoblast layers 1.6 times thicker than control group placentas (p < 0.001). The degree of apoptosis, proliferation, and maturation in membrane and placental septa or cell island extravillous trophoblasts did not show statistically significant differences between the study group and the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The increased extravillous trophoblast accumulation and secretory activity is associated with MCP formation. The findings place MCP among other placental lesions associated with extravillous trophoblast accumulation and possibly dysfunction.
Econometric Modeling and Economic Forecasting

tail a three-stage estimation procedure to estimate both the parametric constant coefﬁcients nonparametric coefﬁcients. Furthermore, they derive a time series together with a new simple easily of ﬁt test and a bandwidth selector based on deﬁned cross-validatory estimation for the forecasting expectile The proposed is and
Clinical Features and Surgical Treatment of Aggressive Meningiomas.

AIM To explore the clinical features and surgical treatment of aggressive meningiomas (AMs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples from 55 patients with AMs were analyzed, and their clinical characteristics, molecular biological mechanism, and surgical treatment were studied in combination with the literature. RESULTS The main clinical and imaging features of AMs included manifestations of local structures invaded by tumors, frequently irregular or flat tumors in shape, more obvious cerebral edema surrounding the tumors, seldom calcification of tumor, more frequent and typical dural tail sign, often absent white or black ring sign, partial or complete occlusion of venous sinus and hyperplasia and destruction of local skull. Simpson I resection was achieved in 31 cases, II in 13, III-IV in 11. No severe complications and death occurred after operation. CONCLUSION AMs have prominent clinical features. Appropriate surgery can provide a good therapeutic effect.
A collaborative framework for android malware detection using DNS & dynamic analysis

Nowadays, with the predominance of smart devices such as smartphones, mobile malware attacks have increasingly proliferated. There is an urgent need of detecting potential malicious behaviors so as to hinder them. Furthermore, Android malware is one of the major security issues and fast growing threats facing the Internet in the mobile arena. At the same time, DNS (Domain Name System) is widely misused by miscreants in order to provide Internet connection within malicious networks. Here, we propose an infrastructure for monitoring the Android applications in a platform-independent manner, introducing hooks in order to trace restricted API calls used at runtime of the application. These traces are collected at a central server were the application behavior filtering, string matching, and visualization takes place. From these traces we can extract malicious URLs and correlate them with DNS service network traffic, enabling us to find presence of malware running at the network level.
Deregulation of DSE1 Gene Expression Results in Aberrant Budding within the Birth Scar and Cell Wall Integrity Pathway Activation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking Isw2, the catalytic subunit of the Isw2 chromatin remodeling complex, show the mating type-independent activation of the cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway. Since the CWI pathway activation usually reflects cell wall defects, we searched for the cell wall-related genes changed in expression. The genes DSE1, CTS1, and CHS1 were upregulated as a result of the absence of Isw2, according to previously published gene expression profiles (I. Frydlova, M. Basler, P. Vasicova, I. Malcova, and J. Hasek, Curr. Genet. 52:87-95, 2007). Western blot analyses of double deletion mutants, however, did not indicate the contribution of the chitin metabolism-related genes CTS1 and CHS1 to the CWI pathway activation. Nevertheless, the deletion of the DSE1 gene encoding a daughter cell-specific protein with unknown function suppressed CWI pathway activation in isw2Δ cells. In addition, the deletion of DSE1 also abolished the budding-within-the-birth-scar phenotype of isw2Δ cells. The plasmid-driven overexpression proved that the deregulation of Dse1 synthesis was also responsible for CWI pathway activation and manifestation of the budding-within-the-birth-scar phenotype in wild-type cells. The overproduced Dse1-green fluorescent protein localized to both sides of the septum and persisted in unbudded cells. Although the exact cellular role of this daughter cell-specific protein has to be elucidated, our data point to the involvement of Dse1 in bud site selection in haploid cells.
Cyclosporine Inhibits Flavivirus Replication through Blocking the Interaction between Host Cyclophilins and Viral NS5 Protein

ABSTRACT Although flaviviruses cause significant human diseases, no effective therapy is currently available. Host factors essential for viral replication are potential targets for antiviral development. Here we report that cyclophilins (CyPs), a family of cellular peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIases), play a role in flavivirus replication. Huh-7.5 cells with knockdown of different isoforms of CyP were less efficient than parental cells in supporting flavivirus replication, including West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus, and yellow fever virus. The low viral replication in CyP A (CyPA) knockdown cells could be rescued by trans supplying of a wild-type CyPA but not by trans supplying of a mutant CyPA (defective in the PPIase activity), indicating that the isomerase activity of CyPA is critical for viral replication. Immunoprecipitation and biochemical pulldown analyses showed that CyPA interacts with WNV genomic RNA and viral NS5 protein in the replication complex. Furthermore, antiviral experiments demonstrated that cyclosporine (Cs; an 11-amino-acid cyclic peptide known to block the PPIase activity of CyPA) inhibits flavivirus replication in cell culture at nontoxic concentrations. Time-of-addition and transient replicon results indicated that Cs inhibits flavivirus at the step of viral RNA synthesis. Biochemical analysis showed that Cs directly blocks the interaction between CyPA and WNV NS5 protein. Our results suggest that host CyPA is a component of flavivirus replication complex and could be targeted for potential antiviral development.
Highly Focused Conical Optical Field for Pico-Newton Scale Force Sensing

We propose to use a highly focused conical optical field generated by cone-frustum-shaped annular core fiber (ACF) tip for Pico-Newton scale force sensing. And we theoretically calculate the wave propagation in the ACF tip and its surrounding medium based on angular spectrum representation. The propagation properties and focusing effect of the highly focused conical optical field are also discussed and demonstrated experimentally. The ACF tip provides very strong focusing effect for the guided mode in the ACF. We show that there are stable three-dimensional trap-points for Rayleigh particles in the main lobe and every ring of the focused field with Bessel-like profile. And the transverse trapping forces are much greater (almost 30 times) than their corresponding longitudinal radiation forces so that a particle trapped by highly focused conical beam is only sensitive for disturbing force in longitudinal direction. Force sensitivities in longitudinal direction and the detection range are also discussed.
Internews: A case study of gender in media development

ABSTRACT This article aims to make a contribution to the understudied field of gender in media development through a case study of Internews, an international non-governmental organisation that acts as an intermediary between donors and recipients. In February 2018, Internews announced a ‘Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment Strategy’ that builds on a ‘Women’s Initiative’ launched in October 2015. This article examines both the initiative and the strategy within the framework of media development. Findings are based on 18 in-depth interviews with staff members in the United States and abroad from February to July 2016, as well as follow-up correspondence in 2018 and 2019. Interviews showed that earlier gender work at Internews took place in a haphazard fashion, but that the organisation set out to change from one where there was a mere awareness of women, to one were women are intentionally accommodated and included, to being gender transformative. Interviewees argued that it was important to focus on women as half of the world’s population, and that women need to have their voices heard to accurately reflect communities. Finally, interviewees considered how Internews approaches gender equality in places where it may not be an accepted value.
Kirsten ras mutations in patients with colorectal cancer: the multicenter "RASCAL" study.

BACKGROUND Kirsten ras (Ki-ras) gene mutations occur early in the progression of colorectal adenoma to carcinoma. The aim of this collaborative study was to clarify the association between Ki-ras mutations, patient outcome, and tumor characteristics by use of data from colorectal cancer patients worldwide. METHODS Investigators who had published data on Ki-ras and colorectal cancer were invited to complete a questionnaire for each patient entered into a database. Two-sided statistical tests were used to analyze data. RESULTS Patients (n = 2721) were recruited from 22 groups in 13 countries. Mutations of Ki-ras codon 12 (wild type = GGT = glycine) or codon 13 (wild type = GGC = glycine) were detected in 37.7% of the tumors; 80.8% (584 of 723) of all the specified mutations occurred in codon 12, and 78.1% (565 of 723) of all the specified mutations were at the second base of either codon. Mutations were not associated with sex, age, tumor site, or Dukes' stage. Mutation rates seen in patients with sporadic tumors were comparable to those observed in patients with a predisposing cause for their cancer. Poorly differentiated tumors were less frequently mutated (P = .002). Multivariate analysis suggested that the presence of a mutation increased risk of recurrence (P<.001) and death (P = .004). In particular, any mutation of guanine (G) to thymine (T) but not to adenine (A) or to cytosine (C) increased the risk of recurrence (P = .006) and death (P<.001). When individual, specific mutations were evaluated, only valine codon 12 was found to convey an independent, increased risk of recurrence (P = .007) and death (P = .004). CONCLUSIONS Ki-ras mutations are associated with increased risk of relapse and death, but some mutations are more aggressive than others.
trans-Tris(4-bromophenyl)dichloridoantimony(V)

The SbV atom in the title compound, [SbCl2(C6H4Br)3], has an almost regular trigonal–bipyramidal geometry with the equatorial plane made up of three C atoms of the bromophenyl groups and the axial positions occupied by two Cl− ions in a trans configuration. In the crystal, C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds link the molecules into zigzag chains along the b-axis direction. Pairs of C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds further link molecules into cyclic dimers with R 2 2(10) ring motifs, generating a three-dimensional network.