Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Gal4/UAS toolbox in zebrafish: new approaches for defining behavioral circuits

Over recent years, several groundbreaking techniques have been developed that allow for the anatomical description of neurons, and the observation and manipulation of their activity. Combined, these approaches should provide a great leap forward in our understanding of the structure and connectivity of the nervous system and how, as a network of individual neurons, it generates behavior. Zebrafish, given their external development and optical transparency, are an appealing system in which to employ these methods. These traits allow for direct observation of fluorescence in describing anatomy and observing neural activity, and for the manipulation of neurons using a host of light‐triggered proteins. Gal4/Upstream Activating Sequence techniques, as they are based on a binary system, allow for the flexible deployment of a range of transgenes in expression patterns of interest. As such, they provide a promising approach for viewing neurons in a variety of ways, each of which can reveal something different about their structure, connectivity, or function. In this study, the author will review recent progress in the development of the Gal4/Upstream Activating Sequence system in zebrafish, feature examples of promising studies to date, and examine how various new technologies can be used in the future to untangle the complex mechanisms by which behavior is generated.
Static subgroup-based source recovery for reliable multicast in reliable networks

In this paper, we consider the problem of multicasting large files over a reliable network. In a reliable network, errors are transient and any change in the multicast tree is a rare occurrence. Further, the loss of a packet is correlated in the sense that a packet lost at a link will result in a loss to all downstream recipients. We propose to partition the recipients into static subgroups during the construction of the multicast tree. Whenever a NACK is received, the source retransmits the packet to all members of the subgroup from which the NACK came. This recovery method eliminates the overhead of joining/leaving subgroups associated with dynamic recovery schemes. This scheme reduces the NACK implosion by allowing all NACK from a subgroup to be merged in one NACK. We proposed an objective function to judge the merits of static subgroup-based recovery schemes. Further, we proved that computing the optimal subgroups is NP-hard. We provide an heuristic for computing subgroups with low cost of recovery and study its performance by simulation.
Early bone in‐growth ability of alumina ceramic implants loaded with tissue‐engineered bone

To enhance early bonding of an alumina ceramic implant to bone, we evaluated a method of seeding the implant surface with bone marrow mesenchymal cells that differentiated to osteoblasts and bone matrix prior to implantation. The usefulness of the method was evaluated in Japanese white rabbits. In our study, an alumina ceramic test piece loaded with differentiated osteoblasts and bone matrix by a tissue engineering technique was implanted into rabbit bones. Three weeks after the procedure, evaluation of mechanical bonding and histological examination were performed. Histological examination of the noncell‐loaded implant surfaces showed no bone infiltration into the implant gap. However, the cell‐loaded implant surfaces exhibited new bone infiltration into the implant gap with mechanical bonding. In the mechanical test, the average failure load was 0.60 kgf for the noncell‐loaded side and 1.49 kgf for the cell‐loaded side. Preculturing mesenchymal cells on the surface of the alumina ceramic prior to implantation increased the debonding strength by two and half times. The present findings indicate early bonding between the implant and bone three weeks after the procedure. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Feedback-Regulation of Strigolactone Biosynthetic Genes and Strigolactone-Regulated Genes in Arabidopsis

Strigolactones (SLs) have recently been found to regulate shoot branching, but the functions of SLs at other stages of development and the regulation of SL-related gene expression are mostly unknown in Arabidopsis. In this study, we performed real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and microarray analysis using wild-type plants and SL-deficient/insensitive mutants to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying SL biosynthesis and signaling. We found that there is responsiveness to SL in the gene expression of Arabidopsis seedlings, which includes feedback regulation of two carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase genes. Microarray analysis revealed that exogenously applied SL regulated the expression of several genes, including light signaling-related genes and auxin-inducible genes. We also found that MORE AXILLARY GROWTH (MAX)2 plays an important role in the expression of SL-regulated genes. Our data support previous studies indicating that SL might function at the seedling stage. Analysis of SL-responsive and MAX2 downstream gene candidates provides new opportunities to broaden our understanding of SL signaling.
Radio Source Contributions to the Microwave Sky

Cross-correlations of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) full sky K-, Ka-, Q-, V-, and W-band maps with the 1.4 GHz NVSS source count map and the HEAO I A2 2–10 keV full sky X-ray flux map are used to constrain rms fluctuations due to unresolved microwave sources in the WMAP frequency range. In the Q band (40.7 GHz), a lower limit, taking account of only those fluctuations correlated with the 1.4 GHz radio source counts and X-ray flux, corresponds to an rms Rayleigh-Jeans temperature of ∼2 μK for a solid angle of 1 deg2 assuming that the cross-correlations are dominated by clustering, and ∼1 μK if dominated by Poisson fluctuations. The correlated fluctuations at the other bands are consistent with a β = -2.1 ± 0.4 frequency spectrum. If microwave sources are distributed similarly in redshift to the radio and X-ray sources and are similarly clustered, then the implied total rms microwave fluctuations correspond to ∼5 μK. While this value should be considered no more than a plausible estimate, it is similar to that implied by the excess, small angular scale fluctuations observed in the Q band by WMAP and is consistent with estimates made by extrapolating low-frequency source counts.
Actigraphic Recordings of Activity-Rest Rhythms of Neonates Born by Different Delivery Modes

Activity-rest behavior of 20 neonates born vaginally, 18 neonates born by medically planned Cesarean section (C-section), and 19 neonates born by medically required C-section after labor onset (all born in the thirty-seventh to forty-second week of gestation) was monitored for six successive days starting in the first week of life. Actigraphy was used to record and show time patterns of activity and rest in neonates by using small wristwatch-like Actiwatch® actometers. Nursing/feeding times were recorded by using the actometers’ integrated event marker button. Recordings in both C-section groups were performed in the hospital; for neonates born vaginally and for some born by C-section, recordings were carried out in the hospital and in their homes. In addition to the actigraphic recordings, a standardized diary was kept regularly. To assess periodic characteristics, frequency components of activity-rest behavior were analyzed using fast Fourier transformation. Amount of sleep time during daytime, nighttime, and 24 h, as well as sleep bouts during the daytime and nighttime, were compared. The majority of vaginally born neonates showed a distinct circadian frequency in their spectra. In contrast, both groups of neonates born by C-section showed significantly less distinct circadian frequencies in their spectra. All three groups showed a significant difference in amount of nighttime sleep vs. daytime sleep, with more sleep at nighttime. There were no differences in the amount of nighttime sleep, daytime sleep, and sleep time during 24 h between the groups born by different delivery modes.
Patient Safety Climate in General Public Hospitals in China: A Multiregion Study

Objective This study aimed to analyze the potential difference in patient safety climate by region (Shanghai vs Hubei Province vs Gansu Province) and general public hospital level (tertiary vs secondary) in China. Methods Using a stratified sampling method, employees from 54 public general hospitals in Shanghai, Hubei Province, and Gansu Province in China were surveyed in 2015. The Patient Safety Climate in Health Care Organizations tool and the percentage of “problematic responses” (PPRs) were used to measure and analyze the patient safety climate. A χ2 test and hierarchical linear modeling were applied for the analysis. Results In the study, 4121 valid questionnaires were collected. The psychometric analysis supported the validity and reliability of our Chinese version of the Patient Safety Climate in Health Care Organizations. The overall patient safety climate was relatively good and exhibited no significant differences among the surveyed hospitals by various regions (Shanghai vs Hubei Province vs Gansu Province) and diverse hospital levels (tertiary vs secondary) using hierarchical linear models. “Fear of blame and punishment” and “fear of shame” had the highest PPRs and were prevalent in various types of hospitals. “Provision of safe care” and “organizational resources for safety” also had notably high PPRs. There were 4 dimensions varied by region and hospital level in this survey. Conclusions Fear of shame and fear of blame are the most important barriers to the improvement of patient safety in the hospitals of China. Facility characteristics contributed somewhat to hospital patient safety climate in some dimensions. The initiatives to improve hospital patient safety climate are necessary and its implementation strategies needs to be shared.
Using mobile health technology to enhance patient-centered care.

Mobile health (m-health) initiatives are those that use Bmobile communicationsVsuch as PDAs and mobile phonesVfor health services and information. [ M-health has been described as a patient-centered approach to care; however, further research is required to assess relevant tools, identify appropriate populations, and accelerate behavior change. The amount of health information available via the Internet is vast but fragmented, with quality, relevance, and reliability often uncertain. The purpose of this article is to explore an example of an m-health intervention that takes full advantage of social media tools and communication preferences of the adolescent client. Eysenback described these developments made possible by Web 2.0 capabilities as Medicine 2.0, which consists of social networking, participation, apomediation, collaboration, and openness. Specifically, he describes social networking as Ba potentially powerful tool to engage users, in that it provides Fsocial_ incentives to enter, update, and manage personal information. [ Two recent reports by the Pew Internet and American Life Project provide the context for this approach, using social media and mobile telephone short-message service (SMS, more commonly known as text messaging). The reports indicate that 93% of teens between the ages of 12 and 17 years access the Internet. Of these, 73% of American teens are using social network Web sites. Furthermore, 31% of teens use the Internet for health, diet, or fitness information, and 17% of teens report using the Internet to gather information about sensitive topics concerning sexual health and drugs. With regard to mobile phone technology, 75% of 12to 17-year-olds report owning a cell phone, and 88% of them use text messaging. Therefore, creating an intervention to attract adolescents to primary care by combining social networking and text messaging is an appropriate approach. In a review of clinical preventive services (CPSs) for adolescents, Solberg and colleagues note that adolescents are generally healthy; however, more than 70% of morbidity and mortality within this developmental phase is an outcome of high-risk behaviors: alcohol use, unsafe sex, and violence. They made 3 key recommendations:
Analysis of correlations between the placental expression of glucose transporters GLUT-1, GLUT-4 and GLUT-9 and selected maternal and fetal parameters in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus

Abstract Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the correlations between the expression of glucose transporters GLUT-1, GLUT-4, and GLUT-9 in human term placenta and selected maternal and fetal parameters in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and methods: Placental samples were obtained from healthy control (n = 25) and diabetic pregnancies, including diet-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus (GDMG1) (n = 16), insulin-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus (GDMG2) (n = 6), and pregestational DM (PGDM) (n = 6). Computer-assisted quantitative morphometry of stained placental sections was performed to determine the expression of selected glucose transporter proteins. For the purposes of correlation analysis, the following parameters were selected: type of diabetes, gestational age, maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, third trimester glycated hemoglobin concentration, placental weight, fetal birth weight (FBW) as well as ultrasonographic indicators of fetal adiposity, including subscapular (SSFM), abdominal (AFM), and midthigh (MTFM) fat mass measurements. Results: In the PGDM group, the analysis demonstrated positive correlations between the placental expression of GLUT-1, GLUT-4, and GLUT-9 and FBW, AFM, and SSFM measurements (p < .05). Similarly in the GDMG2 patients positive correlations between GLUT-4 expression, FBW and SSFM were observed (p < .05). In the multivariate regression analysis, only the type of diabetes and FBW were significantly associated with GLUTs expression (p < .001). In addition, maternal prepregnancy BMI significantly contributed to GLUT-1 expression (p < .001). Conclusions: The study results revealed that placental expression of GLUT-1, GLUT-4, and GLUT-9 may be involved in the intensification of the fetal growth in pregnancies complicated by GDM/PGDM.
Delay-optimal clustering targeting low-power VLSI circuits

This paper presents a delay-optimal clustering algorithm for minimizing the power dissipation in a very large scale integration (VLSI) circuit. Traditional approaches for delay-optimal clustering are based on Lawler's clustering algorithm which makes no attempt to explore alternative clustering solutions that have the same delay but lower power implementations. Our algorithm implicitly enumerates alternate clusterings and selects a clustering solution which has the same delay, but the lowest power dissipation. For tree circuits, the proposed algorithm produces delay- and power-optimal clustering, whereas for nontree circuits it produces delay-optimal clustering with significantly reduced power dissipation. The proposed mechanism can be used to generate power minimized clusters for various applications such as preprocessing designs for partitioning, clustering logic during synthesis, etc. The mechanism can also be deployed hierarchically to generate circuit partitioning solutions directly.
Drug-Induced Liver Injury Associated with Statins

The "statins," or hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)-reductase inhibitors, are a generally safe class of drugs that are widely used throughout the world and are rarely associated with severe hepatotoxicity. In this article, two cases of severe hepatotoxicity attributed to statin use are presented. In addition, a detailed summary of previously published cases of statin hepatotoxicity and the risks and benefits of statins in patients with chronic liver disease are presented. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) from statins typically presents with an acute hepatocellular liver injury pattern, although mixed or cholestatic injury patterns have also been reported. Nonspecific autoantibodies as well as clinical, laboratory, and histological features of an autoimmune-like hepatitis may be present in some patients with statin hepatotoxicity. Despite their widespread use, acute liver failure and death have rarely been reported in patients with statin hepatotoxicity. Multiple retrospective studies as well as a large prospective randomized controlled trial demonstrate that statins can safely be given to hyperlipidemic patients with compensated chronic liver disease.
The Effect of Key and Tempo on Audio Onset Detection Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Sensitivity Analysis

In this paper, we explore the effect of musical context on audio onset detection using machine learning techniques. We extract the signal intensity and frequency energy of audio as the attributes of input instances for the machine learning techniques. The audio is synthesized from MIDI files, providing exact information of onset events. We test three state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms, support vector machines (SVM), neural networks (NN), and Naive Bayes (NB) with Ada boosting, for learning and classifying audio onsets. We found that SVMs perform best in general, based on the average of training and 10-fold cross validation errors as the evaluation criterion. We then test the SVM and NN, the two best performing methods, on Bach's Prelude in C major BWV 943, transposed to different keys and time-stretched to various tempi. The error rates ranged from 23.91% (when training set key and tempo equals those of the test set) to 37.22% (when the key is off by four accidentals) and 37.91% (when tempo is 20 beats per minute faster). The results show that audio onset detection performs significantly better when the key and tempo attributes of the test and training sets concur, than when they are different, thus supporting the utility of tempo and key knowledge in designing onset detection systems, or in prescribing confidence statistics to onset detection outcomes
Transduction of peptides and proteins into live cells by cell penetrating peptides

Internalization of peptides and proteins into live cells is an essential prerequisite for studies on intracellular signal pathways, for treatment of certain microbial diseases and for signal transduction therapy, especially for cancer treatment. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) facilitate the transport of cargo‐proteins through the cell membrane into live cells. CPPs which allow formation of non‐covalent complexes with the cargo are used primarily in this study due to the relatively easy handling procedure. Efficiency of the protein uptake is estimated qualitatively by fluorescence microscopy and quantitatively by SDS–PAGE. Using the CPP cocktail JBS‐Proteoducin, the intracellular concentrations of a secondary antibody and bovine serum albumin can reach the micromolar range. Internalization of antibodies allows mediation of intracellular pathways including knock down of signal transduction. The high specificity and affinity of antibodies makes them potentially more powerful than siRNA. Thus, CPPs represent a significant new possibility to study signal transduction processes in competition or in comparison to the commonly used other techniques. To estimate the highest attainable intracellular concentrations of cargo proteins, the CPPs are tested for cytotoxicity. Cell viability and membrane integrity relative to concentration of CPPs are investigated. Viability as estimated by the reductive activity of mitochondria (MTT‐test) is more sensitive to higher concentrations of CPPs versus membrane integrity, as measured by the release of dead cell protease. Distinct differences in uptake efficiency and cytotoxic effects are found using six different CPPs and six different adhesion and suspension cell lines. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 3824–3833, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modulation of verbal fl uency networks by transcranial direct current stimulation ( tDCS ) in Parkinson ’ s disease

Background: Verbal fluency relies on the coordinated activity between left frontal and temporal areas. Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) present phonemic and semantic fluency deficits. Recent studies suggest that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances adaptative patterns of brain activity between functionally connected areas. Objective: Theaimof this studywas toassess thedifferences in the effects inducedby tDCS applied to frontal and temporo-parietal areas on phonemic and semantic fluency functional networks in patients with PD. Method: Sixteen patients were randomized to receive tDCS to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and left temporo-parietal cortex (TPC) in a counterbalanced order. Immediately following stimulation, patients underwent a verbal fluency paradigm inside a fMRI scanner. Changes induced by tDCS in activation and deactivation task-related pattern networks were studied using free-model independent component analyses (ICA). Results: Functional connectivity in verbal fluency and deactivation task-related networks was significantly more enhanced by tDCS to DLPFC than to TPC. In addition, DLPFC tDCS increased performance on the phonemic fluency task, after adjusting for baseline phonemic performance. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that tDCS to specific brain regions induces changes in large scale functional networks that underlay behavioural effects, and suggest that tDCS might be useful to enhance phonemic fluency in PD. 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.