Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Fully Functional 64 Mb DDR3 ST-MRAM Built on 90 nm CMOS Technology

A spin torque magnetoresistive random access memory (ST-MRAM) holds great promise to be a fast, high density, nonvolatile memory that can enhance the performance of a variety of applications, particularly when used as a non-volatile buffer in data storage devices and systems. Towards that end, we have developed a fully functional 64 Mb DDR3 ST-MRAM built on 90 nm CMOS technology. The memory is organized in an 8-bank configuration that can sustain 1.6 GigaTransfers/s (DDR3-1600). We have run standard memory tests, such as a March6N pattern, on the full 64 Mb at 800 MHz with 0 fails for greater than 10 5 cycles. Full functionality was also verified from 0°C to 70°C with no significant change in performance. The bits are magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) having an MgO tunnel barrier and a magnetic free layer made of a CoFeB-based alloy with an in-plane magnetization, but with an out-of-plane anisotropy reduced by more than 50% due to an enhanced perpendicular surface anisotropy. To enable the 64 Mb performance, we developed an MTJ stack that has low switching voltage (Vsw), high breakdown voltage (Vbd), and excellent switching reliability with tight distributions. The ST switching distribution has σ ≈ 10%, and we found excellent agreement with a single Gaussian distribution down to an error rate . For our optimized material, the Vsw/Vbd ≈ 0.3, and the separation between Vsw and Vbd is ≈ 25σ. The energy barrier to magnetization reversal (Eb) was characterized using both time-dependent coercivity and higher temperature to accelerate reversal. We found the average Eb ≈ 70kbT.
The Issues & Challenges of 3D Managed Print Services: Towards a Support Tool for 3D Managed Print Services

Extrusion� 3D� printing� has� seen� a� rapid� growth� across� many� engineering� sectors� and� is� expected� to� triple� in� market� value� over� the� next� decade. � This� is� partly� due� to� a� step� change� in� capability� and� increase� in� demand� for� the� technology,� and� is� leading� to� a� requirement� for� 3D� Managed� Print� Services� (3D� MPSs). � This� is� where� queues� of� prints� are� being� received� from� multiple� users� and� sent� to� multiple� 3D� printers. � Examples� of� this� include,� Universities,� where� printers� are� being� increasingly� used� in� teaching,� and� the� growing� industry� commonly� referred� to� as� Fabrication� Laboratories� (FabLabs). � � Given� the� above� situation,� this� paper� argues� that� gaps� exist� in� the� capability� of� current� software� and� support� tools� to� offer� appropriate� support� for� 3D� MPSs. � To� begin� to� address� this,� this� paper� discusses� the� key� issues� and� challenges� introduced� by� 3D� MPSs,� which� continues� into� a� proposition� for� a� support� tool� for� 3DMPSs. � The� paper� then� demonstrates� the� current� development� of� this� tool� with� the� current� focus� of� maximising� 3D� printer� productivity. � Through� the� application� of� this� tool,� it� is� proposed� that� a� substantial� gain� in� productivity� can� be� achieved. � � 1. � Introduction� Extrusion� 3D� printing� has� seen� a� rapid� growth� across� many� engineering� sectors� and� is� expected� to� triple� in� market� value� over� the� next� decade� (1). � Pioneered� by� the� development� of� the� RepRap� 3D� printer,� an� open�source� project� aimed� at� developing� the� first� self�replicating� machine,� the� industry� has� seen� a� sudden� increase� in� the� number� of� companies� offering� extrusion� 3D� printing� solutions. � Examples� include� MakerBot,� 3D� Systems,� UP! ,� MostFun� and� M3D� (2,� 3). � � The� technology� has� now� reached� a� stage� of� maturity� whereby� the� reliability� and� cost� of� printing� has� made� it� a� viable� product� for� Universities� to� use� in� their� teaching,� and� Fabrication� Laboratories� to� use� for� the� manufacture� of� parts� &� products� by� their� customers� (4). � In� these� contexts,� multiple� users� send� their� prints� to� multiple� printers� on� a� daily� basis. � As� an� example,� the� University� of� Bristol� currently� has� six� 3D� printers� available� for� use� by� the� students. � This� is� being� extended� to� 10� printers� by� the� end� of� 2014� and� is� likely� to� be� extended� further� in� the� years� to� come� (Figure� 1). � This� step� change� in� both� capability� and� demand� has� led� to� a� requirement� for� 3D� Managed�
Human Family with Sequence Similarity 60 Member A (FAM60A) Protein: a New Subunit of the Sin3 Deacetylase Complex*

Here we describe the function of a previously uncharacterized protein, named family with sequence similarity 60 member A (FAM60A) that maps to chromosome 12p11 in humans. We use quantitative proteomics to determine that the main biochemical partners of FAM60A are subunits of the Sin3 deacetylase complex and show that FAM60A resides in active HDAC complexes. In addition, we conduct gene expression pathway analysis and find that FAM60A regulates expression of genes that encode components of the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Moreover, our studies reveal that loss of FAM60A or another component of the Sin3 complex, SDS3, leads to a change in cell morphology and an increase in cell migration. These studies reveal the function of a previously uncharacterized protein and implicate the Sin3 complex in suppressing cell migration.
Improving Question Recommendation by Exploiting Information Need

In this paper we address the problem of question recommendation from large archives of community question answering data by exploiting the users' information needs. Our experimental results indicate that questions based on the same or similar information need can provide excellent question recommendation. We show that translation model can be effectively utilized to predict the information need given only the user's query question. Experiments show that the proposed information need prediction approach can improve the performance of question recommendation.
Diffractive excitation in DIS and pp collisions

We have in earlier papers presented an extension of Mueller's dipole cascade model, which includes subleading effects from energy conservation and running coupling as well as colour suppressed effects from pomeron loops via a ``dipole swing''. The model was applied to describe the total cross sections in pp and gamma*p collisions. In this paper we present a number of improvements of the model, in particular related to the confinement mechanism. A consistent treatment of dipole evolution and dipole--dipole interactions is achieved by replacing the infinite range Coulomb potential by a screened potential, which further improves the frame-independence of the model. We then apply the model to elastic scattering and diffractive excitation, where we specifically study the effects of different sources for fluctuations. In our formalism we can take into account contributions from all different sources, from the dipole cascade evolution, the dipole--dipole scattering, from the impact-parameter dependence, and from the initial photon and proton wavefunctions. Good agreement is obtained with data from the Tevatron and from HERA, and we also present some predictions for the LHC.
HER-2/neu evaluation by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization in breast cancer: implications for daily laboratory practice.

BACKGROUND HER-2/neu status was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) methods in more than 300 paraffin-embedded primary breast cancer samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS HER-2/neu status was determined by FISH using the PathVysion kit (Vysis) and by IHC using either a monoclonal antibody CB11 or a cocktail of antibodies: the monoclonal TAB250 and the polyclonal pAb1. RESULTS Of the 324 cases evaluable by IHC, 65 out of 318 (20%) and 24 out of 324 (7%) were scored as positive when using the antibody cocktail and the CB11, respectively. HER-2/neu gene amplification occured in 64 out of 324 cases (20%). Concordance of FISH and IHC was found in 285 out of 318 cases (90%) and 278 out of 324 cases (86%) using the cocktail and the CB11, respectively. CONCLUSION The cost-effectiveness analysis revealed that the use of a sensitive IHC method followed by confirmation of positive results by FISH considerably decreased the FISH costs and may become standard practice for HER-2/neu evaluation.
Disorder-to-Order Transition in the CyaA Toxin RTX Domain: Implications for Toxin Secretion

The past decade has seen a fundamental reappraisal of the protein structure-to-function paradigm because it became evident that a significant fraction of polypeptides are lacking ordered structures under physiological conditions. Ligand-induced disorder-to-order transition plays a key role in the biological functions of many proteins that contain intrinsically disordered regions. This trait is exhibited by RTX (Repeat in ToXin) motifs found in more than 250 virulence factors secreted by Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. We have investigated several RTX-containing polypeptides of different lengths, all derived from the Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin, CyaA. Using a combination of experimental approaches, we showed that the RTX proteins exhibit the hallmarks of intrinsically disordered proteins in the absence of calcium. This intrinsic disorder mainly results from internal electrostatic repulsions between negatively charged residues of the RTX motifs. Calcium binding triggers a strong reduction of the mean net charge, dehydration and compaction, folding and stabilization of secondary and tertiary structures of the RTX proteins. We propose that the intrinsically disordered character of the RTX proteins may facilitate the uptake and secretion of virulence factors through the bacterial secretion machinery. These results support the hypothesis that the folding reaction is achieved upon protein secretion and, in the case of proteins containing RTX motifs, could be finely regulated by the calcium gradient across bacterial cell wall.
A comparison of contemporary and traditional classification schemes used to categorise youth violence

Across various jurisdictions, crime statistics indicate the rate of youth offending, particularly violent offending, has increased over the last decade. Anecdotal evidence further suggests the nature of youth offending has changed over this time-frame; including an increase in more serious criminal behaviour as well as changes in both the demographic and psychological profiles of youth offenders. This is particularly evident in accounts depicting an increasing tendency amongst some young people to engage in acts of ‘appetitive’ violence. This is a form of violence purportedly perpetrated by youth in an excitable and predatory state, which differs from the more common forms of reactive and instrumental violence. Although newsprint media reports suggest that appetitive violence is alarmingly common, there is currently no corroborating empirical evidence. This paper explores the classification of violence by youth utilising three contemporary classification systems. One hundred and forty-three case files from the Children’s Court Clinic in Victoria, Australia, were examined, comparing all youth (aged 10–19) convicted of a violent offence referred to the Clinic for psychological assessment in the years 2000 and 2010. Results indicated a similarly low prevalence of appetitive violence (2000–15.8%; 2010–8.6%). Further, they indicated the quadripartite and tripartite classification systems increased the discrimination of aggressive behaviours beyond that provided by the traditional reactive/instrumental dichotomy.
Optimal multi-type FACTS allocation using genetic algorithm to improve power system security

As power transfer increases, operation of power system become gradually more complex. Short circuit level increases and so power system will become less secure. Moreover, the problem of power system security has become a mater of grave concern in the deregulated power industry. FACTS devices can control power flow because of their flexibility and fast control characteristics. Placement of these devices in suitable location can lead to control in line flow and maintain bus voltages in desired level and so improve power system security. This paper presents a novel algorithm for allocation of FACTS devices based on genetic algorithm (GA). Cost function of FACTS devices and power system losses are considered in this algorithm. Proposed algorithm is tested on IEEE 30 bus power system for optimal allocation of multi-type FACTS devices and results are presented.
How self-transcendence via individualised moral foundations predict emotional and social enhancement

In this article we focus on explaining personality trait self-transcendence (ST) in relation to social and emotional competence, and suggest that ST through differences in moral foundations can partially predict social and emotional competence. A sample of 195 university students was used to test hypotheses regarding several paths between ST, trait emotional intelligence (EI), universalism and moral foundations. Consistent with the hypotheses, ST was found to predict social and emotional competence via individualised moral foundations (IMF). Results have implications for our understanding of the relationship between ST, moral foundations, social and emotional competence.
SINR enhancement by antenna diversity in 1X-EVDO system

In this paper, we examine the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) enhancement by using an antenna diversity technique in 1X-EVDO system. The experiments have been made with two dipoles with a lossy cylinder in the reverberation chamber. The interesting frequency range was between 1750 and 1870 MHz. The SINR of two dipoles for minimum mean square error (MMSE) combining shows the significant improvement compared to one dipole.
A learning method for SpikeProp without redundant spikes -automatic adjusting delay of connections

SpikeProp, which is proposed by Booij, is a kind of spiking neural networks. It can learn the timing of output spikes, but cannot adjust the number of output spikes. Our research group has discussed the problem and proposed a learning method that can adjust both timing and number of spikes. However, its learning performance depends on the initial network structure (the number of hidden units, delay, the number of sub-connections, and so on). In this article, we discuss the problem, especially the dependency to delay. We proposed the method that removes sub-connections that have unnecessary delay during training. By the proposed method, we successed training more than 87% regardless of the number of initial delays.
Racial/ethnic differences in HIV-related knowledge among young men who have sex with men and their association with condom errors

Objective: HIV disproportionately affects young men who have sex with men, and knowledge about HIV transmission is one factor that may play a role in high rate of infections for this population. This study examined racial/ethnic differences in HIV knowledge among young men who have sex with men in the USA and their correlation to condom usage errors. Design: Participants included an ethnically diverse sample of 344 young men who have sex with men screened from an ongoing longitudinal cohort study. Eligible participants were between the ages of 16 and 20 years, born male and had previously had at least one sexual encounter with a man and/or identify as gay or bisexual. This analysis is based on cross-sectional data collected at the baseline interview using computer-assisted self-interviewing (CASI) software. Setting: Chicago, IL, USA Method: We utilised descriptive and inferential statistics, including analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc analysis to assess differences in HIV knowledge by level of education and race/ethnicity, and negative binomial regression to determine whether HIV knowledge was associated with condom errors while controlling for age, education and race/ethnicity. Results: The study found that Black men who have sex with men scored significantly lower (average score = 67%; p < .05) than their White counterparts (average score = 83%) on a measure of HIV knowledge (mean difference = 16.1%, p < .001). Participants with less than a high school diploma and those with a high school diploma/general education diploma (GED) only had lower knowledge scores, on average (66.4% and 69.9%, respectively) than participants who had obtained post-high school education (78.1%; mean difference = 11.7% and 8.2%, respectively, ps < .05). In addition, controlling for age, race and level of education, higher HIV knowledge scores were associated with fewer condom errors (Exp B = .995, confidence interval [CI] = 0.992–0.999, p < .05). Conclusion: Findings stress the need for increased attention to HIV transmission–related educational activities targeting the social realities and unique risk mechanisms of young men who have sex with men.
Romantic Relationship Trajectories: Correlates and Consequences for Marital Quality among Low-Income Couples

ii Dedication . v Acknowledgments. vi Vita. vii List of Tables . ix List of Figures . xi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Theory and Literature Review . 12 Chapter 3: Data, Measures, and Analytic Strategy . 81 Chapter 4: Results . 109 Chapter 5: Discussion and Conclusions.188 References.219 Appendix A: Descriptive Statistics for Independent Variables that were Collapsed in Analyses.256
A 3.6pW/frame·pixel 1.35V PWM CMOS Imager with Dynamic Pixel Readout and no Static Bias Current

Low-power operation of CMOS imagers using a low voltage (around IV or less) compatible with deep submicron logic circuits enables new imager applications, such as disposable medical cameras and autonomous wireless security cameras on a chip. Pulse width modulation (PWM) is promising for this purpose. A PWM pixel can convert light intensity to a digital pulse width by using an in-pixel comparator with a low power-supply voltage without any degradation of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a low-power dynamic pixel readout in-pixel comparators(DPR) scheme with CGA PWM pixels based on dynamic operation of in-pixel comparators. DPR requires no static bias current even in the pixel readout. The power dissipation of the pixel array is dramatically reduced by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude compared with using normal static pixel readout (SPR).
Comparisons between Arabidopsis thaliana and Drosophila melanogaster in relation to Coding and Noncoding Sequence Length and Gene Expression

There is a continuing interest in the analysis of gene architecture and gene expression to determine the relationship that may exist. Advances in high-quality sequencing technologies and large-scale resource datasets have increased the understanding of relationships and cross-referencing of expression data to the large genome data. Although a negative correlation between expression level and gene (especially transcript) length has been generally accepted, there have been some conflicting results arising from the literature concerning the impacts of different regions of genes, and the underlying reason is not well understood. The research aims to apply quantile regression techniques for statistical analysis of coding and noncoding sequence length and gene expression data in the plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, and fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, to determine if a relationship exists and if there is any variation or similarities between these species. The quantile regression analysis found that the coding sequence length and gene expression correlations varied, and similarities emerged for the noncoding sequence length (5′ and 3′ UTRs) between animal and plant species. In conclusion, the information described in this study provides the basis for further exploration into gene regulation with regard to coding and noncoding sequence length.
Analysis of dicamba degradation by Pseudomonas maltophilia using high-performance capillary electrophoresis.

A method based on high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) was developed for the simultaneous analysis of dicamba and its metabolites in media containing the bacterium Pseudomonas maltophilia. Dicamba, 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid (DCSA), and related products were extracted from media samples using ether under acidic conditions and injected onto an HPCE system containing a pH 10.0 running buffer. Baseline resolution between these compounds was obtained at 30 kV with a total run time of 6 min on a 50-microns i.d. x 50-cm capillary. The linear range for dicamba and DCSA detected at 274 nm extended from 0 to 100 mg/liter and the dynamic range for both compounds extended to 2000 mg/liter. The within-run precision was +/- 5% or less throughout the entire concentration range studied. The limits of detection for dicamba and DCSA in the media samples were 6 and 2 mg/liter. This corresponded to detection limits of 0.3 and 0.1 ng, respectively, in the injected extracts. With this method it was possible to conduct preliminary studies examining the kinetics of dicamba metabolism in P. maltophilia.
Fault-Tolerant Control of a Nonlinear System Based on Generalized Fuzzy Hyperbolic Model and Adaptive Disturbance Observer

This paper focuses on the problem of fault-tolerant control for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown nonlinear dynamic. The generalized fuzzy hyperbolic model is used to approximate the unknown nonlinear function. A novel fuzzy adaptive descriptor observer and an adaptive disturbance observer are designed simultaneously to estimate the system state, actuator fault, sensor fault, and disturbance. In this paper, the disturbance is assumed to be generated from an unknown exogenous system. Compared with the existing results, in which the disturbance is generated from known exogenous system, the proposed adaptive disturbance observer is more applicable in practice, since the exogenous system is independent of the controlled system and its parameter matrix is difficult to be measured. Furthermore, using the estimation information, a novel nonlinear dynamic output feedback controller is designed. The controller can stabilize the nonlinear system, which is subjected to the unknown nonlinear dynamic, actuator fault, sensor fault, and mismatched disturbance, simultaneously. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Equilibrium-Phase High Spatial Resolution Contrast-Enhanced MR Angiography at 1.5T in Preoperative Imaging for Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction

Objectives The aim was (i) to evaluate the accuracy of equilibrium-phase high spatial resolution (EP) contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) at 1.5T using a blood pool contrast agent for the preoperative evaluation of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator branches (DIEP), and (ii) to compare image quality with conventional first-pass CE-MRA. Methods Twenty-three consecutive patients were included. All patients underwent preoperative CE-MRA to determine quality and location of DIEP. First-pass imaging after a single bolus injection of 10 mL gadofosveset trisodium was followed by EP imaging. MRA data were compared to intra-operative findings, which served as the reference standard. Results There was 100% agreement between EP CE-MRA and surgical findings in identifying the single best perforator branch. All EP acquisitions were of diagnostic quality, whereas in 10 patients the quality of the first-pass acquisition was qualified as non-diagnostic. Both signal- and contrast-to-noise ratios were significantly higher for EP imaging in comparison with first-pass acquisitions (p<0.01). Conclusions EP CE-MRA of DIEP in the preoperative evaluation of patients undergoing a breast reconstruction procedure is highly accurate in identifying the single best perforator branch at 1.5Tesla (T). Besides accuracy, image quality of EP imaging proved superior to conventional first-pass CE-MRA.