Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating Post-Editing Effort with Translation Quality Features

The field of Quality Estimation aims to predict translation quality without reference translations, through machine learning. This thesis investigates using Quality Estimation (QE) to predict post-editing effort at the sentence level by focusing on the impact of features. Regression models are trained on two datasets emulating real-world scenarios, separated by the availability of post-edited training data. One dataset consists of EnglishGerman translations and post-editions, annotated with HTER, the other dataset consists of Swedish-English translations and reference translations, annotated with TER. A total of 16 features, including novel features measuring SMT reordering and German-English noun translation errors are proposed and individually evaluated for the two scenarios. The best performing feature vectors for each scenario are both able to surpass a commonly used baseline set, with the biggest impact observed on the Swedish-English dataset. The possibility of estimating post-editing effort without utilising postedited data is also explored. A correlation is indicated between the two through comparing human perceptions of post-editing effort with goldstandard and predicted TER scores. Even though the gold-standard values come close, the predicted scores still needs improvements to depict postediting effort.
Meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.

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Users' acceptance of IT and its impact on knowledge sharing: A case in the South African banking industry

Past research have pointed out that one of the major challenges facing knowledge management processes is to help employees share what they know within an organisation. The challenge here lies on people who use IT tools for knowledge sharing, therefore knowing user's attitude and behaviour when using IT for knowledge sharing is important. The model that will be used for this research is based on the Technology Acceptance Model, with an extension derived from Kelman's process of shared influence known as subjective norms. The results show that the perceived usefulness of IT for knowledge sharing has more influence on users' intention to use IT as compare to the impact of subjective norms. It is recommended that training programs, seminars, and workshops should be organised to escalate awareness and enhance employees' perceived usefulness of these IT tools for knowledge sharing.
The Value of Operational Transparency for Supply Chain Finance and Implications for Blockchain Adoption

In this paper, we develop a new theory that shows signaling a firm’s fundamental quality (e.g., its operational capabilities) to lenders through inventory transactions to be more efficient— it leads to less costly operational distortions—than signaling through loan requests, and we characterize how the efficiency gains depend on firm operational characteristics such as operating costs, market size, inventory salvage value and failure probability. Signaling through inventory being only tenable when inventory transactions are verifiable at low enough cost, we then turn our attention to how this verifiability can be achieved in practice and argue that blockchain technology has the potential to enable it more efficiently than traditional monitoring mechanisms. To exemplify, we introduce b verify, an open-source software/hardware blockchain system we developed to demonstrate how this technology can be implemented in agricultural supply chains, in a cost effective way. Our paper identifies an important benefit of blockchain adoption—by opening a window of transparency into a firm’s operations, blockchain technology furnishes the ability to secure favorable financing terms at lower signaling costs. Furthermore, our analysis of the preferred signaling mode sheds light on what types of firms or supply chains would stand to benefit the most from this use of blockchain technology. ∗Chod (chodj@bc.edu): Carroll School of Management, Boston College; Trichakis (ntrichakis@mit.edu): MIT Operations Research Center and Sloan School of Management; Tsoukalas (gtsouk@wharton.upenn.edu): The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania; Aspegren (henry.aspegren@sc.tsinghua.edu.cn): MIT Media Lab & Tsinghua University; Weber (mark.weber@ibm.com): IBM Research & MIT-IBM Watson Artificial Intelligence Lab. The authors acknowledge funding from the Fishman-Davidson Center for Service and Operations Management, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Mack Institute for Innovation Management, the MIT Digital Currency Initiative, the MIT Legatum Center for Entrepreneurship and Development, the MIT Sloan Junior Faculty Research Assistance Program, and the Wharton Dean’s Research Fund, that helped support this work.
Bayesian Inference for Localization in Cellular Networks

In this paper, we present a general technique based on Bayesian inference to locate mobiles in cellular networks. We study the problem of localizing users in a cellular network for calls with information regarding only one base station and hence triangulation or trilateration cannot be performed. In our call data records, this happens more than 50\% of time. We show how to localize mobiles based on our knowledge of the network layout and how to incorporate additional information such as round-trip-time and signal to noise and interference ratio (SINR) measurements. We study important parameters used in this Bayesian method through mining call data records and matching GPS records and obtain their distribution or typical values. We validate our localization technique in a commercial network with a few thousand emergency calls. The results show that the Bayesian method can reduce the localization error by 20% compared to a blind approach and the accuracy of localization can be further improved by refining the a priori user distribution in the Bayesian technique.
Effect of Intercropping Maize ( Zea mays L . ) with Soybean ( Glycine max L . ) on Green Forage yield , and Quality Evaluation

In this study effect of different planting patterns and harvest time of intercropping maize and soybean on green forage yield and nutritive quality of maize forage (Zea mays L.) was evaluated in the Department of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Shaanxi, Yangling, China, during 2016.Maize was cultivated alone (SM) and intercropped with soybean as follows;1 row maize to1 row soybean (1M1S),1 row maize to 2 rows soybean (1M2S), 1 row maize to 3 rows soybean (1M3S) and 2 rows maize to 1 row soybean (2M1S). The intercropped of maize and soybean in different planting pattern significantly affected the quantitative and qualitative characters of the forage. The highest green fodder yields of SM were 46.2% in milk stage and 42.7% in dough stage . The highest crude protein yield (2.8 t/ha ) was produced by 1M3S forage at the harvest time of milk stage. However, no difference (p>0.05) was observed in ether extract (EE) and Ash of nutrient composition of fodder among the five treatments. The NDF and ADF levels were higher for maize forage as compared to intercropped forages. The highest water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration was obtained by sole maize compared with intercropped forages. The study showed that among all intercropped forages the 1M3S was preferable according to nutrient composition than other intercropped forages.
Chloroquine Inhibits Dengue Virus Type 2 Replication in Vero Cells but Not in C6/36 Cells

Dengue viruses are the most important arthropod-borne viruses in terms of morbidity and mortality in the world. Since there is no dengue vaccine available for human use, we have set out to investigate the use of chloroquine as an antiviral drug against dengue. Chloroquine, an amine acidotropic drug known to affect intracellular exocytic pathways by increasing endosomal pH, was used in the in vitro treatment of Vero and C6/36 cells infected with dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2). Real-time RT-PCR and plaque assays were used to quantify the DENV-2 load in infected Vero and C6/36 cells after chloroquine treatment. Our results showed that a dose of 50 μg/ml of chloroquine was not toxic to the cells and induced a statistically significant inhibition of virus production in infected Vero cells when compared to untreated cells. In C6/36 cells, chloroquine does not induce a statistically significant difference in viral replication when compared to untreated cells, showing that this virus uses an unlikely pathway of penetration in these cells, and results were also confirmed by the plaque assay (PFU). These data suggest that the inhibition of virus infection induced by chloroquine is due to interference with acidic vesicles in mammalian cells.
Sentiment analysis of movie review data using Senti-lexicon algorithm

With the increase in the development of the internet and web technology, there has been an enormous amplification in the generation of user data. Various blogs, social-networking websites, micro-blogs and review forums offer a rich source of opinion data for mining. Sentimental analysis, also known as opinion mining, is a natural language processing technique used to extract the feeling or attitude of general masses regarding a given subject or product. The central aim of this research paper is to perform sentiment analysis on movie review data. We have proposed the Senti-lexical algorithm to find the polarity of a review as positive, negative or neutral. We have also proposed a method to handle words which have negation effect on the reviews and the role of emoticons is also discussed.
High Fat Diet Increases Hippocampal Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Impairment in Aged Mice : Implications for decreased Nrf 2 signaling

Long term consumption of a high fat diet (HFD) contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. Yet the specific effects of HFD consumption on brain aging are poorly understood. In the present study 20-month old male C57Bl/6 mice were fed either “Western Diet” (WD, 41% fat), very high fat lard diet (HFL, 60% fat), or corresponding control diets for 16 weeks and then assessed for changes in metabolism and brain homeostasis. Although both HFDs increased adiposity and fasting blood glucose, only the HFL diet increased age-related oxidative damage (protein carbonyls) and impaired retention in the behavioral test. This selective increase in oxidative damage and cognitive decline was also associated with a decline in Nrf2 levels and Nrf2 activity, suggesting a potential role for decreased antioxidant response. Taken together, these data suggest that while adiposity and insulin resistance following HFD consumption are linked to increased morbidity, the relationship between these factors and brain homeostasis during aging is not a linear relationship. More specifically, these data implicate impaired Nrf2 signaling and increased cerebral oxidative stress as mechanisms underlying HFD-induced declines in cognitive performance in the aged brain.
Haptic Rendering in Virtual Environments

1. Introduction The goal of haptic rendering is to enable a user to touch, feel, and manipulate virtual objects through a haptic interface. With the introduction of high fidelity haptic devices (ref. **Biggs and Srinivasan Chapter**), it is now possible to simulate the feel of even fine surface textures on rigid complex shapes under dynamic conditions. Starting from the early nineties, significant progress has occurred in our ability to model and simulate haptic interactions with 3D virtual objects in real-time (Salisbury and Srinivasan, 1997; Srinivasan and Basdogan, 1997). The rapid increase in the number workshops, conference sessions, community web pages, and electronic journals on haptic displays and rendering techniques 1 indicates growing interest in this exciting new area of research, which we call computer haptics. Just as computer graphics is concerned with synthesizing and rendering visual images, computer haptics is the art and science of developing software algorithms that synthesize computer generated forces to be displayed to the user for perception and manipulation of virtual objects through touch. We have already seen various applications of computer haptics in the areas of medicine (surgical simulation, tele-medicine, haptic user interfaces for blind people, rehabilitation of patients with neurological disorders) entertainment (3D painting, character animation, morphing and sculpting), mechanical design (path planning and assembly sequencing), and scientific visualization (geophysical data analysis, molecular manipulation). We anticipate that more applications are on the way as the devices and rendering techniques improve and the computational power increases. This chapter will primarily focus on the fundamental concepts of haptic rendering with some discussion of implementation details. Although, it is impossible to cite all the relevant work within the constraints of this chapter, we have made attempts to cover the major references. Given that the current technology is mature for net force and torque feedback (as in tool usage in the real world) and not tactile feedback (as in actual distribution of force fields on the skin during contact with real objects), we restrict ourselves to techniques concerning the former. In general, the concepts discussed in the chapter include: (1)
ITS Applications of a Hybrid WiMAX-WLAN Network for Highway Tunnel Scenarios

This paper proposes a scalable prototype surveillance/alarm ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) for roadways safety applications over roadway environments with emphasis given in the wireless vehicular communication inside a tunnel after an emergency event. A heterogeneous hybrid vehicular wireless network consisted of IEEE 802.11b/g/e and IEEE 802.16e is being deployed inside a tunnel environment for traffic safety and surveillance reasons. Extensive measurements throughout a total length of 1km are employed to evaluate the Quality of Service in terms of throughput, packet error rate, SNR, Jitter and packet loss performance over different modulation and code rate schemes. Moreover, we also used the NARDA SRM-3006 to survey wireless channel characterization in terms of large-scale fading investigation for an irregular topology featuring the unlicensed WiMAX 5.745GHz 802.16e channel providing an overview analysis of the in-tunnel wireless communication network.
Molar incisor hypomineralization in Hong Kong Chinese children.

BACKGROUND Most prevalence studies on molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) were carried out in European countries, and data from the East-Asian populations were lacking. AIM This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MIH in Hong Kong Chinese children. DESIGN Since 2006, charting of teeth with MIH was included into the routine dental examination in a school dental clinic. The dental records of grade 6 primary school children who attended annual check-up in this clinic in 2006 were subsequently reviewed retrospectively. The records were selected for this study if the charting indicated that the children were affected by MIH. RESULTS A total of 2635 records were reviewed and 73 cases of MIH were identified. The prevalence of MIH in this group of children was 2.8%. Their mean age was 12, and the male-to-female ratio was 1 : 1.2. The mean decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth value of those affected was 1.5, which was higher than that of the general Hong Kong Chinese children aged 12 years old (0.8). A total of 192 teeth were affected. The most commonly affected teeth were permanent maxillary first molars, followed by mandibular first molars and maxillary central incisors. Dental fillings and fissure sealants were found in 52 (38%) and 65 (47%) permanent first molars with hypomineralization, respectively. Medical histories were unremarkable in 60 children, whereas early childhood diseases were reported in 13 cases. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of MIH in the permanent dentition of Hong Kong Chinese children was 2.8%. Children with MIH showed higher caries experience in the permanent dentition than the general population of similar age.
Can IP quality be objectively measured?

Virtual components (VC), also known as intellectual property (IP), have long been a part of the engineering reality. Business drivers, such as improved time to market and better resource utilization are factoring ever more into the make versus buy decision process. Maximizing in-house design resources and purchasing commodity or standard IP has become the de facto business model. Unfortunately, with the increasing number of IP vendors competing in the marketplace, the decision making process is not clear. Simplistically, functionality needs to be the first criteria, but when two or more similar IPs are available, the selection criterion quickly becomes more difficult. This paper addresses the process of measuring IP quality, presents a summary of the VSIA quality IP (QIP) metric, and reports the on-going work.
Actin-Capping Protein and the Hippo pathway regulate F-actin and tissue growth in Drosophila

The conserved Hippo tumor suppressor pathway is a key kinase cascade that controls tissue growth by regulating the nuclear import and activity of the transcription co-activator Yorkie. Here, we report that the actin-Capping Protein αβ heterodimer, which regulates actin polymerization, also functions to suppress inappropriate tissue growth by inhibiting Yorkie activity. Loss of Capping Protein activity results in abnormal accumulation of apical F-actin, reduced Hippo pathway activity and the ectopic expression of several Yorkie target genes that promote cell survival and proliferation. Reduction of two other actin-regulatory proteins, Cofilin and the cyclase-associated protein Capulet, cause abnormal F-actin accumulation, but only the loss of Capulet, like that of Capping Protein, induces ectopic Yorkie activity. Interestingly, F-actin also accumulates abnormally when Hippo pathway activity is reduced or abolished, independently of Yorkie activity, whereas overexpression of the Hippo pathway component expanded can partially reverse the abnormal accumulation of F-actin in cells depleted for Capping Protein. Taken together, these findings indicate a novel interplay between Hippo pathway activity and actin filament dynamics that is essential for normal growth control.
Restenosis, the Achilles' Heel of Coronary Angioplasty

Coronary angioplasty is widely performed for the management of symptomatic coronary artery disease. With improvements in technique, operator experience, and tools, more complex lesions are being treated. Unfortunately, luminal renarrowing continues to limit the long‐term success of the procedure, resulting in the need for repeat revascularization in approximately 30% of patients within 6 months. As the pathophysiologic process of restenosis is better defined, various pharmacologic and mechanical interventions have been tried to attenuate the process. Some agents are antithrombotics, antiplatelets, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, lipid‐lowering drugs, and calcium channel blockers. Improvement has been noted with the newer glycoprotein IIb‐ and IIIa‐blocking agents, mechanical stents, and radioactive materials. Whether these new compounds will withstand the test of time is unknown.
Research on UWB OFDM signal conversion

This paper presents a multi-bit discrete time sigma-delta converter for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ultra wide band systems adopted by IEEE 802.15. 3a and ECMA368 standard. An intact scheme of timing synchronization algorithm is also proposed for the receiver. The overall sigma-delta converter consists of two modulators. The low and high subbands of signal are operated by using third-order low pass and fourth-order band pass modulator respectively. The synchronization scheme is determined by algorithm improvement and simulation that frame detection and coarse timing are implemented by the maximum correlation method based on the first-band information of the preamble and fine timing is achieved by the minimum energy ratio method based on the information of all the three bands. The simulation results show that the proposed sigma-delta converter and synchronization algorithm are well suited for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ultra wide band system and the system has better noise shaping and BER performance.
Fluctuation Theorem of Information Exchange within an Ensemble of Paths Conditioned on Correlated-Microstates

Fluctuation theorems are a class of equalities that express universal properties of the probability distribution of a fluctuating path functional such as heat, work or entropy production over an ensemble of trajectories during a non-equilibrium process with a well-defined initial distribution. Jinwoo and Tanaka (Jinwoo, L.; Tanaka, H. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 7832) have shown that work fluctuation theorems hold even within an ensemble of paths to each state, making it clear that entropy and free energy of each microstate encode heat and work, respectively, within the conditioned set. Here we show that information that is characterized by the point-wise mutual information for each correlated state between two subsystems in a heat bath encodes the entropy production of the subsystems and heat bath during a coupling process. To this end, we extend the fluctuation theorem of information exchange (Sagawa, T.; Ueda, M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 109, 180602) by showing that the fluctuation theorem holds even within an ensemble of paths that reach a correlated state during dynamic co-evolution of two subsystems.
A starting-up control algorithm of large synchronous generation motor for gas turbosets

SFC (static frequency converter) system has come to be used as a method of starting a large synchronous machine in many industrial applications. In this paper, the new starting algorithms of SFC are proposed about the four quadrant operations including not only the start-up at standstill, the acceleration up to the speed of the rated voltage and the field weakening to reach the rated speed but also the synchronization to main AC power system and the dynamic braking to stop the machine safely within the machine rating of the synchronous motor. The experimental results show that the proposed several algorithms are proper and effective.
Perturbations in higher derivative gravity beyond maximally symmetric spacetimes

We study (covariant) scalar-vector-tensor (SVT) perturbations of infinite derivative gravity (IDG), at the quadratic level of the action, around conformally-flat, covariantly constant curvature backgrounds which are not maximally symmetric spacetimes (MSS). This extends a previous analysis of perturbations done around MSS, which were shown to be ghost-free. We motivate our choice of backgrounds which arise as solutions of IDG in the UV, avoiding big bang and black hole singularities. Contrary to MSS, in this paper we show that, generically, all SVT modes are coupled to each other at the quadratic level of the action. We consider simple examples of the full IDG action, and illustrate this mixing and also a case where the action can be diagonalized and ghost-free solutions constructed. Our study is widely applicable for both non-singular cosmology and black hole physics where backgrounds depart from MSS. In appendices, we provide SVT perturbations around conformally-flat and arbitrary backgrounds which can serve as a compendium of useful results when studying SVT perturbations of various higher derivative gravity models.