Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
M.(φ)BssHII, a novel cytosine‐C5‐DNA‐methyltransferase with target‐recognizing domains at separated locations of the enzyme

In all cytosine‐C5‐DNA‐methyltransferases (MTases) from prokaryotes and eukaryotes, remarkably conserved amino acid sequence elements responsible for general enzymatic functions are arranged in the same canonical order. In addition, one variable region, which includes the target‐recognizing domain(s) (TRDs) characteristic for each enzyme, has been localized in one region between the same blocks of these conserved elements. This conservation in the order of conserved and variable sequences suggests stringent structural constraints in the primary structure to obtain the correct folding of the enzymes. Here we report the characterization of a new type of a multispecific MTase, M. (φ)BssHII, which is expressed as two isoforms. Isoform I is an entirely novel type of MTase which has, in addition to the TRDs at the conventional location, one TRD located at a non‐canonical position at its N‐terminus. Isoform II is represented by the same MTase, but without the N‐terminal TRD. The N‐terminal TRD provides HaeII methylation specificity to isoform I. The TRD is fully functional when engineered into either the conventional variable region of M. (φ)BssHII or the related monospecific M. φ3TII MTase. The implications of this structural plasticity with respect to the evolution of MTases are discussed.
A Comparison of Field-Based and Lab-Based Experiments to Evaluate User Experience of Personalised Mobile Devices

There is a growing debate in the literature regarding the tradeoffs between lab and field evaluation of mobile devices. This paper presents a comparison of field-based and lab-based experiments to evaluate user experience of personalised mobile devices at large sports events. A lab experiment is recommended when the testing focus is on the user interface and application-oriented usability related issues. However, the results suggest that a field experiment is more suitable for investigating a wider range of factors affecting the overall acceptability of the designed mobile service. Such factors include the system function and effects of actual usage contexts aspects. Where open and relaxed communication is important (e.g., where participant groups are naturally reticent to communicate), this is more readily promoted by the use of a field study.
Discovery of a Main-Belt Asteroid Resembling Ordinary Chondrite Meteorites

Although ordinary chondrite material dominates meteorite falls, the identification of a main-belt asteroid source has remained elusive. From a new survey of more than 80 small main-belt asteroids comes the discovery of one having a visible and near-infrared reflectance spectrum similar to L6 and LL6 ordinary chondrite meteorites. Asteroid 3628 Božněmcov� has an estimated diameter of 7 kilometers and is located in the vicinity of the 3:1 Jovian resonance, a predicted meteorite source region. Although the discovery of a spectral match may indicate the existence of ordinary chondrite material within the main asteroid belt, the paucity of such detections remains an unresolved problem.
The role of oxidative stress in renovascular hypertension

1. There is mounting evidence that increased oxidative stress and sympathetic nerve activity play important roles in renovascular hypertension. In the present review, we focus on the importance of oxidative stress in two distinct populations of neurons involved with cardiovascular regulation: those of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and those of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) in the maintenance of sympathoexcitation and hypertension in two kidney–one clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. Furthermore, the role of oxidative stress in the clipped kidney is also discussed.
A randomized study of VAD therapy with either concurrent or maintenance interferon in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

This randomized study was designed to determine whether response to VAD chemotherapy could be prolonged by using rh α‐2b‐interferon (IFN) at a dose of 3 mU three times per week, either concurrently with VAD (VIC) or as maintenance after completion of VAD (VIF). Maintenance IFN was given for 9 months in order for the duration of IFN therapy to be similar in both groups. 72 patients were randomized between December 1988 and August 1993. The majority of patients had poor prognostic features. The objective response rate was similar in each arm, 78% in VIF and 77% in VIC. Of the 56 responders, 33 have relapsed, three died in remission, and 18 proceeded to high‐dose therapy, withdrew for other reasons or were lost to follow‐up and were censored from analysis at the relevant time point. Only two patients remain in remission (both in partial remission). Median PFS was 15 months for both VIF and VIC, compared with 16.5 months for a historic control group treated with VAD alone (n.s.), The estimated median survival in VIF was 43 months and in VIC 22 months, compared with 45 months in the historic controls (n.s.). These findings indicate that neither maintenance nor concurrent IFN prolongs response to VAD.
Filling holes in 3D scanned model base on 2D image inpainting

Nowadays 3D model scanning is widely used for many purpose. Although scanning technique had become much advanced then earliest, users may still obtain damaged model due to unfamiliar with scanning technique, then we need to repair the model by doing hole-filling and surface reconstruction. In this paper we introduce an approach to fill holes in 3D mesh by using 2D Image Inpainting technique. We create image of depth value to represent depth information and image of color to represent color of surfaces, then inpaint those images and use result images to reconstruct holes of model. The advantage of using Image Inpainting is the flexibility of using image inpainting method, we can use different inpainting method for different purpose. We obtain color and depth image by doing 3D projection and find holes in model by doing hole detection, then we inpaint these images and do 2D to 3D transformation of new added pixels back to 3D space. This work can use any inpaint algorithm without modification. In this paper we use both structural inpainting and textural inpainting, structural inpainting is used for reconstructing depth values and textural inpainting is used for reconstructing texture of surface. The results of our experiment proves that our approach is suitable for model that has uncomplicated structure and texture on the surface.
Lymph node-positive prostate cancer: current issues, emerging technology and impact on clinical outcome

Lymph node metastasis in patients with prostate cancer indicates a poorer prognosis compared with patients without lymph node metastasis; however, some patients with node-positive disease have long-term survival. Many studies have attempted to discern what characteristics of lymph node metastasis are prognostically significant. These characteristics include nodal tumor volume, number of positive lymph nodes, lymph node density, extranodal extension, lymphovascular invasion and tumor dedifferentiation. Favorable characteristics of regional lymph node involvement included a smaller tumor size and smaller tumor volume. However, the current staging system for prostate cancer does not provide different subclassifications for patients with node-positive prostate cancer. In recent years numerous advanced technologies for the detection of lymph node metastasis have been developed, including molecular imaging techniques and the CellSearch® Circulating Tumor Cell System. With the increased detection of patients with prostate cancer, emergence of new technology to identify lymph node metastasis and the number of radical prostatectomies being performed on the rise, subclassifying patients with lymph node-positive disease is imperative. Subclassification would provide a better picture of patient prognosis and allow for a better understanding of targeted therapies to treat patients with lymph node metastasis.
PRELIMINARY ATTEMPTS AT ULTRASTRUCTURAL POLYSACCHARIDE LOCALIZATION IN ROOT TIP CELLS

A basic method and many variations are described which initially appear to give good ultrastructural localization of polysaccharide material and also sulfhydryl groups in sections of plant tissues. Using permanganate fixation, alkaline silver hexamine solutions very strongly stained cell walls and starch grains (if they survived the treatment) in thin sections; in root cap and epidermal cells, Golgi bodies and associated vesicles also strongly reacted. The reaction was markedly reduced if sections were pretreated with aldehyde-complexing reagents (dimedone, etc.) and reintroduced after such blocking reactions by further periodate oxidation. Apart from a variable unspecific argentophilic reaction of manganese in the sections (which does not appear if the manganese is leeched out), other components of the cells showed very little staining in permanganate-fixed cells. Differences were noted between the reactivity of various polysaccharides. A strong generalized staining reaction was observed over sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues, and this could be almost entirely blocked by pretreatment of the sections with iodoacetate; such treatment also indicated that there were comparatively few aldehyde groups present, either native and/or introduced by the fixative. Periodate oxidation then introduced staining groups in some Golgi bodies and cell walls, particularly in epidermal cells.
Thermocamera, a Macroscopic Method for the Study of Pollution with Nitrous Oxide in Operating Theatres

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is used in high concentrations in inhalation anaesthesia and can serve as a tracer of other, more potent anaesthetic agents polluting the air of operating theatres. It has the quality of absorbing infra‐red light with a characteristic peak at 4.5 μm in the absorption spectrum. N2O in the operating‐room atmosphere will absorb infra‐red light emitted from a heat screen, and can therefore be registered by an infra‐red‐camera equipped with a filter eliminating waves outside the 4.5 μm waveband. The method was tested during paediatric inhalation anaesthesia. The infra‐red‐camera measurements are semi‐quantitative and sensitive to an extinction of about 1000 ppmcm, comparable to a N2O concentration of 100 ppm measured by an infra‐red N2O monitor. It was demonstrated that major pollution occurs during mask anaesthesia and after extubation. The polluting gas is insufficiently evacuated by the operating theatre ventilation. The method makes it possible to visualize the dispersion of spilled or leaking N2O, and is therefore of value when constructing and evaluating new scavenging equipment and in producing educational material.
ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS: AN EMPIRICAL VALUATION FOR INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intellectual capital or intangible assets has become widely accepted as one of the most important assets of many of the world's largest companies. However, it is often pointed out that conclusion about valuation in intellectual capital shows a significant difference to capture the potential corporate value activities and determine their future earnings. This paper empirically investigates valuation in the intellectual capital by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by sorting the non-financial value driver for their weight contributions. It uses topfour industrial sectors in Indonesia which are competing in a distinctive sector to find the observable performance differences. Simultaneously, to complete this research, questionnaires were distributed to valuers in the headquarter of Indonesian Directorate General of State Assets Management (DGSAM). AHP model was used to explore the value weights and ranks among those industries. The findings in this paper are focused on investigating the relative value distribution and determining the diverse patterns across industry by highlighting the importance of intellectual capital to create value advantages.
Long-Term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect on Adult Economic Well-Being

Child abuse and neglect represent major threats to child health and well-being; however, little is known about consequences for adult economic outcomes. Using a prospective cohort design, court substantiated cases of childhood physical and sexual abuse and neglect during 1967—1971 were matched with nonabused and nonneglected children and followed into adulthood (mean age 41). Outcome measures of economic status and productivity were assessed in 2003—2004 (N = 807). Results indicate that adults with documented histories of childhood abuse and/or neglect have lower levels of education, employment, earnings, and fewer assets as adults, compared to matched control children. There is a 14% gap between individuals with histories of abuse/neglect and controls in the probability of employment in middle age, controlling for background characteristics. Maltreatment appears to affect men and women differently, with larger effects for women than men. These new findings demonstrate that abused and neglected children experience large and enduring economic consequences.
In Vitro Assembly of Human H/ACA Small Nucleolar RNPs Reveals Unique Features of U17 and Telomerase RNAs

ABSTRACT The H/ACA small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are involved in pseudouridylation of pre-rRNAs. They usually fold into a two-domain hairpin-hinge-hairpin-tail structure, with the conserved motifs H and ACA located in the hinge and tail, respectively. Synthetic RNA transcripts and extracts from HeLa cells were used to reconstitute human U17 and other H/ACA ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) in vitro. Competition and UV cross-linking experiments showed that proteins of about 60, 29, 23, and 14 kDa interact specifically with U17 RNA. Except for U17, RNPs could be reconstituted only with full-length H/ACA snoRNAs. For U17, the 3′-terminal stem-loop followed by box ACA (U17/3′st) was sufficient to form an RNP, and U17/3′st could compete other full-length H/ACA snoRNAs for assembly. The H/ACA-like domain that constitutes the 3′ moiety of human telomerase RNA (hTR), and its 3′-terminal stem-loop (hTR/3′st), also could form an RNP by binding H/ACA proteins. Hence, the 3′-terminal stem-loops of U17 and hTR have some specific features that distinguish them from other H/ACA RNAs. Antibodies that specifically recognize the human GAR1 (hGAR1) protein could immunoprecipitate H/ACA snoRNAs and hTR from HeLa cell extracts, which demonstrates that hGAR1 is a component of H/ACA snoRNPs and telomerase in vivo. Moreover, we show that in vitro-reconstituted RNPs contain hGAR1 and that binding of hGAR1 does not appear to be a prerequisite for the assembly of the other H/ACA proteins.
Divisible Load Scheduling in Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks

Optimal data scheduling strategies in a clustered hierarchical wireless sensor network are investigated. Data aggregation scheme in clusterheads are considered. Information utility, a newly introduced parameter is used for the situation of sensing data with a certain ratio of data accuracy in the context of the measurement data. A mathematical scheduling technique for multi-cluster wireless sensor network topology is examined by collapsing single clusters into equivalent intelligent sensor nodes which form a flat tree network. Using the optimal solution for the amount of data obtained by divisible load theory, an analysis of the energy dissipation is carried out with speed parameters and information utility constant. Aerospace based wireless sensor networks have application including tracking, environmental monitoring, and avionics sensing and control. Chapter
Financial Determinants of Corporate Governance Disclosure: Portuguese Evidence

The present study analyses the financial determinants of the level of corporate governance disclosure (CGD) across a large sample of Portuguese firms, listed in the Euronext Lisbon index, in the period between 2005 and 2011. An index, using data drawn from firmsâ€™ annual reports regarding corporate governance, was constructed based on content analysis to measure CGD levels. An ordinal logistic model was formulated to explore the financial determinants of information disclosure. The present studyâ€™s main findings suggest that firm size and growth opportunities had a significant and positive influence on CGD while financial leverage negatively affected the latter. Finally, no relationship was observed between CGD and financial performance.
Designing Dynamic Research Contests

This paper studies the optimal design of dynamic research contests. We introduce interim transfers, which are paid in every period while the contest is ongoing, to an otherwise standard setting. We show that a contest where (i) the principal can stop the contest in any period, (ii) a constant interim transfer is paid to agents in each period while the contest is ongoing, and (iii) a final prize is paid once the principal stops the contest, is optimal for the principal and implements the first-best. (JEL D82, O32)
A New Class of Cobalamin Transport Mutants (btuF) Provides Genetic Evidence for a Periplasmic Binding Protein in Salmonella typhimurium

ABSTRACT No periplasmic binding protein has been demonstrated for the ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-type cobalamin transporter BtuCD. New mutations (btuF) are described that affect inner-membrane transport. The BtuF protein has a signal sequence and resembles the periplasmic binding proteins of several other ABC transporters.
Free energy derivatives: A new method for probing the convergence problem in free energy calculations

The convergence behavior of free energy calculations has been explored in more detail than in any previously reported work, using a model system of two neon atoms in a periodic box of water. We find that for thermodynamic integration‐type free energy calculations as much as a nanosecond or more molecular dynamics sampling is required to obtain a fully converged value for a single λ point of the integrand. The concept of “free energy derivatives” with respect to the individual parameters of the force field is introduced. This formalism allows the total convergence of the simulation to be deconvoluted into components. A determination of the statistical “sampling ratio” from these simulations indicates that for window‐type free energy calculations carried out in a periodic waterbox of typical size at least 0.6 ps of sampling should be performed at each window (0.7 ps if constraint contributions to the free energy are being determined). General methods to estimate and reduce the error in thermodynamic integration and free energy perturbation calculations are discussed. We show that the difficulty in applying such methods is determining a reliable estimate of the correlation length from a short series of data. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nitrate removal by Fe-dependent denitrification

The traditional biological nitrogen removal utilizes heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria to reduce nitrate to nitrogen, through the nitrification and denitrification stages, which needs organic carbon source as the electron donor. However, several strains of Fe(II)-dependent denitrifying bacteria have been isolated in recent years, which introduced a brand-new concept and mentality for the biological nitrogen removal. It is a recent discovery of microbial metabolism that microorganisms utilize NO3− as electron acceptor and Fe or Fe2+as electron donor and get energy through the biochemical reaction for growth. In this paper, the characteristics and mechanisms of Fe(II)-dependent autotrophic denitrifying bacteria were reviewed, and prospects of these bacteria were also discussed.
Role for CCR5 in Dissemination of Vaccinia Virus In Vivo

ABSTRACT In an earlier report, we provided evidence that expression of CCR5 by primary human T cells renders them permissive for vaccinia virus (VACV) replication. This may represent a mechanism for dissemination throughout the lymphatic system. To test this hypothesis, wild-type CCR5+/+ and CCR5 null mice were challenged with VACV by intranasal inoculation. In time course studies using different infective doses of VACV, we identified viral replication in the lungs of both CCR5+/+ and CCR5−/− mice, yet there were diminished viral loads in the spleens and brains of CCR5−/− mice compared with CCR5+/+ mice. Moreover, in association with VACV infection, we provide evidence for CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell as well as CD11c+ and F4/80+ cell infiltration into the lungs of CCR5+/+ but not CCR5−/− mice, and we show that the CCR5-expressing T cells harbor virus. We demonstrate that this CCR5 dependence is VACV specific, since CCR5−/− mice are as susceptible to intranasal influenza virus (A/WSN/33) infection as CCR5+/+ mice. In a final series of experiments, we provide evidence that adoptive transfer of CCR5+/+ bone marrow leukocytes into CCR5−/− mice restores VACV permissiveness, with evidence of lung and spleen infection. Taken together, our data suggest a novel role for CCR5 in VACV dissemination in vivo.
Simulating the capacity expansion of renewable energies in the Swiss electricity market

Switzerland faces two major challenges in the electricity sector. The existing nuclear power plants will be phased out and at the same time new renewable electricity sources should increase their share in production. A System Dynamics simulation model is built to improve the understanding of central dynamics in the Swiss electricity provision system and the interplay of different electricity technologies in the electricity production. The investment decision for the specific technologies is a central leverage point in the system. The model is used to simulate likely developments of the Swiss electricity power plant park and test the effectiveness of feed-in remuneration policies. Results are gained on the long-term dynamics of capacity expansion of electricity technologies, depending on different public policies. This paper makes a practical contribution to the management of the energy transition by shedding dynamic and endogenous light on capacity expansion. Word count: 4933 (without references)
A new method for in vitro evaluation of the interproximal penetration of manual toothbrushes.

A new in vitro method for determining interproximal penetration of different toothbrush designs is reported. This method is based on videotape recordings of the brushing patterns of 31 subjects. Circular, up-and-down, and back-and-forth brush strokes were all employed, with the brush being set at both 45 degrees and 90 degrees angles for back-and-forth brushing. Overall results were weighted according to the proportion of brushing time during which participants typically use each stroke. The tooth morphology was closely simulated by the use of typodonts. Interproximal penetration was measured by removal of "artificial plaque" (an ethyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer) shown to have a tenacity on the typodont tooth surface similar to 12-hour plaque as measured on 6 subjects. The brushing force used was based on the measured brushing force of 8 panelists during actual brushing and was consistent with forces reported in the literature. This method was used to test the interproximal penetration of three different toothbrush designs: rippled pattern (Crest Complete), multi-level (Colgate Precision), and flat-tufted (Oral-B P40). The Crest Complete was found to provide superior interproximal penetration to Oral-B P40 and Colgate Precision for all brushing techniques, although its advantage over the Colgate Precision failed to reach statistical significance for back-and-forth brushing with the brush at a 45 degree angle to the tooth. The Colgate Precision was superior to the Oral-B overall, and for three of four brushing techniques tested. There was no difference between the two brushes on back-and-forth brushing at a 90 degree angle. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)