Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teenagers are right--parents do not know much: an analysis of adolescent-parent agreement on reports of adolescent substance use, abuse, and dependence.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that when assessing child psychopathology, parents tend to report more symptoms than children for externalizing disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), whereas children tend to report more symptoms for internalizing disorders such as major depression. Whether for clinical or research purposes, parents are also frequently asked to report on their children's experiences with alcohol and drugs. The purpose of this study was to analyze correspondence between adolescent and parent reports of adolescent substance use and abuse or dependence. METHODS In the current study, 591 subjects 12 to 17 years old were interviewed using the child version of the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (C-SSAGA) as part of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). One parent was also interviewed about each adolescent using the parent version of the C-SSAGA. Sensitivities, specificities, and kappa coefficients were calculated to assess parental agreement with adolescent reports of lifetime substance use and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Third Revision substance abuse or dependence. RESULTS The results indicate that parents are somewhat knowledgeable about their children's use of substances, particularly those that are used most commonly. For example, 55% of adolescents who had smoked cigarettes, 50% who had used alcohol, and 47% who had used marijuana had a parent who knew that they used. However, parents were less aware of substance-related problems experienced by their offspring, agreeing with adolescent reports only 27% of the time for diagnoses of alcohol abuse or dependence and 26% of the time for diagnoses of marijuana abuse or dependence. Parent reports added few cases of substance use for 12- to 13 year-olds and essentially no cases for 16- to 17-year-olds. Parent reports added a nominal number of diagnoses of substance abuse or dependence for older adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Whether for clinical or research purposes, the results emphasize the importance of directly assessing adolescents regarding alcohol and other substance use disorders. Furthermore, investigators should consider the specific disorder(s) being investigated and the ages of the children being studied when determining whether to include parent reports as part of study design.
Constructive Function Approximation 1

The problem of automatically constructing features for use in a learned evaluation function is visited. Issues of feature overlap, independence, and coverage are addressed. Three algorithms are applied to two tasks, measuring the error in the approximated function as learning proceeds. The issues are discussed in the context of their apparent effects on the function approximation process.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A LOW COST PORTABLE SPECTROMETER TO INVESTIGATE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THIN FILMS

Optical spectroscopy is a non-destructive and contactless method for characterizing optical and electrical properties of thin films like reflectance, transmittance, refractive index, permittivity and band gap. These properties determine the application of a thin film as a polarizer, laser, solar cell or photodiode among others. To measure accurately optical properties of thin films, the common types of optical spectrometers used are ellipsometers and spectrophotometers. However these instruments are expensive and there is need to device a cost effective optical spectrometer. In this study, a portable laboratory spectrometer that uses reflectance measurement to determine the optical and electrical properties of thin films was designed. To test the accuracy and reliability of the portable spectrometer designed in this work, reflectance of semiconductor thin film samples of CuO and SnSe were measured using both the designed and a standard spectrometer (SolidSpec-3700). The reflectance measurement for CuO and SnSe had an error of ± 1.88 % and ± 2.17 % respectively, in reference to the standard spectrometer (SolidSpec-3700) reflectance spectra. This error margin is within tolerance level for reliable measurement. In addition the portable spectrometer designed in this work had a resolution of 2 nm ± 5%, cheaper compared to commercially available spectrometers measuring in the same range and portable.
Towards Semi-Automatic Generation of Proposition Banks for Low-Resource Languages

Annotation projection based on parallel corpora has shown great promise in inexpensively creating Proposition Banks for languages for which high-quality parallel corpora and syntactic parsers are available. In this paper, we present an experimental study where we apply this approach to three languages that lack such resources: Tamil , Bengali and Malay-alam . We ﬁnd an average quality difference of 6 to 20 absolute F-measure points vis-a-vis high-resource languages, which indicates that annotation projection alone is insufﬁcient in low-resource scenarios. Based on these re-sults, we explore the possibility of using annotation projection as a starting point for inexpensive data curation involving both experts and non-experts. We give an outline of what such a process may look like and present an initial study to discuss its potential and challenges.
It’s in Your Eyes - Towards Context-Awareness and Mobile HCI Using Wearable EOG Goggles

In this work we describe the design, implementation and evaluation of a novel eye tracker for context-awareness and mobile HCI applications. In contrast to common systems using video cameras, this compact device relies on Elec-trooculography (EOG). It consists of goggles with dry electrodes integrated into the frame and a small pocket-worn component with a DSP for real-time EOG signal processing. The device is intended for wearable and standalone use: It can store data locally for long-term recordings or stream processed EOG signals to a remote device over Bluetooth. We describe how eye gestures can be efﬁciently recognised from EOG signals for HCI purposes. In an experiment conducted with 11 subjects playing a computer game we show that 8 eye gestures of varying complexity can be continuously recognised with equal performance to a state-of-the-art video-based system. Physical activity leads to artefacts in the EOG signal. We describe how these artefacts can be removed using an adaptive ﬁltering scheme and characterise this approach on a 5-subject dataset. In addition to HCI, we discuss how this paves the way for EOG-based context-awareness, and eventually to the assessment of cognitive processes.
MABEL, a new robotic bipedal walker and runner

This paper introduces MABEL, a new platform for the study of bipedal locomotion in robots. One of the purposes of building the mechanism is to explore a novel powertrain design that incorporates compliance, with the objective of improving the power efficiency of the robot, both in steady state operation and in responding to disturbances. A second purpose is to inspire the development of new feedback control algorithms for running on level surfaces and walking on rough terrain. A third motivation for building the robot is science and technology outreach; indeed, it is already included in tours when K-through-12 students visit the College of Engineering at the University of Michigan. MABEL is currently walking at 1.1 m/s on a level surface, and a related monopod at Carnegie Mellon is hopping well, establishing that the testbed has the potential to realize its many objectives.
ACO-based dynamic job scheduling of parametric computational mechanics studies on Cloud Computing infrastructures

Parameter Sweep Experiments (PSEs) allow scientists to perform simulations by running the same code with different input data, which typically results in many CPU-intensive jobs and thus computing environments such as Clouds must be used. Job scheduling is however challenging due to its inherent NP-completeness. Therefore, some Cloud schedulers based on Swarm Intelligence (SI) techniques, which are good at approximating combinatorial problems, have arisen. We describe a Cloud scheduler based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), a popular SI technique, to allocate Virtual Machines to physical resources belonging to a Cloud. Simulated experiments performed with real PSE job data and alternative classical Cloud schedulers show that our scheduler allows a fair assignment of VMs, which are requested by different users, while maximizing the number of jobs executed every time a new user connects to the Cloud. Unlike previous experiments with our algorithm [9], in which batch execution scenarios for jobs were used, the contribution of this paper is to experiment with our proposal in dynamic scheduling scenarios. Results suggest that our scheduler provides a better balance to the number of executed jobs per unit time versus serviced users, i.e., the number of Cloud users that the scheduler is able to successfully serve.
Application of cast Al–Si alloys in internal combustion engine components

Excellent thermal conductivity and lower density make Al–Si alloys a suitable alternative for cast iron in the fabrication of engine components. The increase in the maximum operation temperature and pressure of engines necessitates improving the thermomechanical fatigue performance of Al–Si alloys. This paper has two major parts focussing on the use of Al–Si based alloys in cylinder heads and engine blocks. In the first part, the structural stress–strain and material property requirements of cylinder heads are discussed. In addition, the physical and mechanical properties of different competing materials used in the manufacture of engine components are reviewed. The physical metallurgy, solidification sequence and thermal conductivity of Al–Si based alloys are reviewed. Also discussed is the effect of microstructural features on thermomechanical fatigue lifetime. This part also includes an overview of the strengthening mechanisms of cast Al–Si alloys, by dispersed phases and heat treatment. Demands to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions necessitate modifications in the materials and design of engine blocks. Wear resistance and low friction coefficient are the major characteristics required for engine block materials. In the second part, the most promising alternative approaches to manufacturing liner-less Al–Si alloy cylinder blocks are elaborated.
Experimental Setup for the Determination of Mechanical Solder Materials Properties at Elevated Temperatures

The fabrication of microelectronic and micromechanical devices leads to the use of only very small amounts of matter, which can behave quite differently than the corresponding bulk. Clearly, the materials will age and it is important to gather information on the (changing) material characteristics. In particular, Young’s modulus, yield stress, and hardness are of great interest. Moreover, a complete stress-strain curve is desirable for a detailed material characterization and simulation of a component, e.g., by Finite Elements (FE). However, since the amount of matter is so small and it is the intention to describe its behavior as realistic as possible, miniature tests are used for measuring the mechanical properties. In this paper two miniature tests are presented for this purpose, a mini-uniaxial-tension-test and a nanoindenter experiment. In the tensile test the axial load is prescribed and the corresponding extension of the specimen length is recorded, both of which determines the stress-strain- curve directly. The stress-strain curves are analyzed by assuming a non-linear relationship between stress and strain of the Ramberg-Osgood type and by fitting the corresponding parameters to the experimental data (obtained for various microelectronic solders) by means of a non-linear optimization routine. For a detailed analysis of very local mechanical properties nanoindentation is used, resulting primarily in load vs. indentation-depth data. According to the procedure of Oliver and Pharr this data can be used to obtain hardness and Young’s modulus but not a complete stress-strain curve, at least not directly. In order to obtain such a stress-strain-curve, the nanoindentation experiment is combined with FE and the coefficients involved in the corresponding constitutive equations for stress and strain are obtained by means of the inverse method. The stress-strain curves from nanoindentation and tensile tests are compared for two mate-rials (aluminum and steel). Differences are explained in terms of the locality of the measurement. Finally, material properties at elevated temperature are of particular interest in order to characterize the materials even more completely. We describe the setup for hot stage nanoindentation tests in context with first results for selected materials.
An improved parallel association rules algorithm based on MapReduce framework for big data

Association rules mining is one of the most popular and significant issue in data mining and intends to discovery interest relations between variables in database. In our paper, we implemented an improved parallel Apriori algorithm which realized both count and candidate generation steps under MapReduce framework, while existing parallel Apriori algorithm only considered count step. We analyzed the time complexity of our improved parallel algorithm and compared to the original parallel algorithm, which indicates advantages of our algorithm with massive candidate item sets. Based on our experiment result, we proved that our algorithm performs better under big data situation and achieves excellent speedup feature.
A unified memory network architecture for in-memory computing in commodity servers

In-memory computing is emerging as a promising paradigm in commodity servers to accelerate data-intensive processing by striving to keep the entire dataset in DRAM. To address the tremendous pressure on the main memory system, discrete memory modules can be networked together to form a memory pool, enabled by recent trends towards richer memory interfaces (e.g. Hybrid Memory Cubes, or HMCs). Such an inter-memory network provides a scalable fabric to expand memory capacity, but still suffers from long multi-hop latency, limited bandwidth, and high power consumption - problems that will continue to exacerbate as the gap between interconnect and transistor performance grows. Moreover, inside each memory module, an intra-memory network (NoC) is typically employed to connect different memory partitions. Without careful design, the back-pressure inside the memory modules can further propagate to the inter-memory network to cause a performance bottleneck. To address these problems, we propose co-optimization of intra- and inter-memory network. First, we re-organize the intra-memory network structure, and provide a smart I/O interface to reuse the intra-memory NoC as the network switches for inter-memory communication, thus forming a unified memory network. Based on this architecture, we further optimize the inter-memory network for both high performance and lower energy, including a distance-aware selective compression scheme to drastically reduce communication burden, and a light-weight power-gating algorithm to turn off under-utilized links while guaranteeing a connected graph and deadlock-free routing. We develop an event-driven simulator to model our proposed architectures. Experiment results based on both synthetic traffic and real big-data workloads show that our unified memory network architecture can achieve 75.1% average memory access latency reduction and 22.1% total memory energy saving.
Locality Sensitive Hashing for satellite images using texture feature vectors

This paper demonstrates the use of modified Locality Sensitive Hashing (mLSH) technique with Euclidean distance space to build a data structure for Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite imagery database that can be used to find similar satellite image matches in sublinear search time. Given the texture feature vectors of the images extracted using Gaussian central moments of wavelet edges after multi-resolution decomposition, a one-time linked-list hash table is created. A family of hash functions is drawn randomly and independently from a Gaussian distribution with mean zero and a standard deviation, d (i.e. dimensionality of the image feature vectors) to create the hash table. When tested, our algorithm has proved to be at least twenty times faster than the linear search algorithm. In addition, the algorithm ensures that the percentage of the entire database searched to find possible matches to any given query falls below ten percent. 1 2
Post-Analysis of

Rule induction research implicitly assumes that after producing the rules from a dataset, these rules will be used directly by an expert system or a human user. In real-life applications, the situation may not be as simple as that, particularly, when the user of the rules is a human being. The human user almost always has some previous concepts or knowledge about the domain represented by the data&. Naturally, he/she wishes to know how the new rules compare with his/her existing knowledge. Ill dynamic domains where the rules may change over time, it is important to know what the changes are. These aspects of research have largely been ignored in the past. With the increasing use of machine learning techniques in practica1 applications such as data mining, this issue of post analysis of rules warrants greater emphasis and attention. In this paper, we propose a technique to deal with this problem. A system has been implemented to perform the post analysis of classification rules generated by systems such as C4.5. The proposed technique is general and highly interactive. It will be particularly useful in data mining and data analysis.
Expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in liver tissue from patients with cystic fibrosis

The authors examined the expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and its relationship to histopathological changes in cystic fibrosis (CF) liver tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine expression of CFTR, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and liver cell‐type markers in liver cryosections in 11 patients with CF‐associated liver disease, and non‐CF controls with (n = 17) and without (n = 3) liver disease. In CF patients prominent inflammatory infiltrates were not found, yet hepatic stellate cells were identified within fibrotic areas around bile ducts. Proliferating bile ducts displayed ICAM‐1 immunoreactivity in 3 cases, but bile ducts were otherwise negative. In 2 patients homozygous for R764X and for 1112delT no CFTR immunoreactivity was detected. Bile‐duct epithelial cells in patients carrying the ΔF508 mutation displayed aberrant cytoplasmic immunolocalization of CFTR, as determined with confocal laser scanning microscopy, in contrast to the distinct CFTR expression at the luminal surface seen in controls. No clear relationship between CFTR expression and fibrosis or inflammation was evidenced in CF patients. In conclusion, these findings are consistent with an impairment of ΔF508 CFTR processing in intrahepatic biliary epithelium. ICAM‐1 expression on bile‐duct epithelial cells and inflammatory infiltrates were rare findings in CF liver tissue, indicating that immunological mechanisms are unlikely to be involved in initiation of CF‐associated liver disease.
Bis(4-methylimidazolium) succinate succinic acid solvate

In the title compound, 2C4H7N2 +·C4H4O4 2−·C4H6O4, the asymmetric unit consists of two 4-methylimidazolium cations, one succinate dianion and one netrual succinic acid molecule and within the latter components, the C—O, C=O and C O bonds are clearly evidenced from their relative distances. In the crystal structure, the individual components are linked by intermolecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional network parallel to the (101) plane in which R 3 3(9), R 3 3(12) and R 4 4(18) hydrogen-bond motifs are present.
Biotribological behaviour of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composites containing Ti in a hip joint simulator

Abstract The wear of ultra high-molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been implicated as the major cause of osteolysis, implant loosening, and late aseptic failure in total hip arthroplasties in vivo, so increasing its wear resistance will be beneficial to obtain high-quality artificial joints. In this paper, the artificial joint acetabular materials of UHMWPE composites reinforced with titanium powders were prepared by the hot pressing formation method. A hip joint wear simulator was run to investigate the biotribological behaviours of these composites against 316L stainless steel in simulated body fluids (SBF-9) lubrication at 35 ± 1°C. The experimental results indicate that the addition of titanium particles in UHMWPE is beneficial for increasing wear resistance of UHMWPE. Under SBF-9 lubrication, the addition of titanium particles into UHMWPE has effect to decrease the wear rates of UHMWPE/Ti composites cups against 316L steel ball heads. The Maximum reduction in wear rates is 50 per cent for the UHMWPE/Ti composite cups with 20 (W) content of titanium particles. Abrasive wear and fatigue wear are found to be the main wear mechanisms of UHMWPE or UHMWPE/Ti composites in hip joint simulator wear under SBF-9 lubrication. The addition of titanium particles in UHMWPE will increase the wear debris size when the content of titanium particles is over 12 wt%.
Uniprocessor scheduling under time-interval constraints

This paper proposes a new task model for expressing timing constraints that do not naturally admit expression in terms of deadlines and periods. In our task model, jobs are divided into segments A, B and C which must execute following this order. Segment A is responsible for performing its computations and compute a time-interval wherein segment B should execute to fulfill some application constraints. Segment C is released after segment B has finished. We consider the execution of B as valid if performed inside that time-interval, otherwise, its contribution may be considered valueless to its task. The model uses benefit functions to express when a given action should be performed for the maximum benefit. We adapt some scheduling approaches from the literature and present a feasibility test for our scheduling problem.
College students' preferences for health care providers when accessing sexual health resources.

OBJECTIVE Many emerging adults (18-25 year olds) report unmet health needs and disproportionately experience problems such as sexually transmitted infections. This study was conducted to examine college students' perceptions of health care providers, specifically in the context of accessing sexual health resources. DESIGN AND SAMPLE Students (N = 52) were recruited from five diverse colleges in one state to participate in a one-to-one interview that involved walking and virtually exploring resources on and near campus. Interviews were conducted from May to November 2010. MEASURES Open-ended one-to-one interview questions. RESULTS Inductive qualitative analysis yielded six themes summarizing students' perceptions of provider characteristics, health care resources, the role of their peers, and students' suggestions for strengthening health care services. Importantly, students consider a variety of staff-and their student peers-to be resources for sexual health information and services. CONCLUSIONS Findings emphasize the importance of collaboration between health service staff and broader campus staff because students often turn to campus staff initially. Postsecondary students welcome opportunities to know a provider through interactive websites that include details about providers on campus; their decisions to seek sexual health care services are influenced by their perceptions of providers' characteristics and interpersonal skills.