Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mean First Passage Time for a Small Rotating Trap inside a Reflective Disk

We compute the mean first passage time (MFPT) for a Brownian particle inside a two-dimensional disk with reflective boundaries and a small interior trap that is rotating at a constant angular velocity. The inherent symmetry of the problem allows for a detailed analytic study of the situation. For a given angular velocity, we determine the optimal radius of rotation that minimizes the average MFPT over the disk. Several distinct regimes are observed, depending on the ratio between the angular velocity $\omega$ and the trap size $\varepsilon$, and several intricate transitions are analyzed using the tools of asymptotic analysis and Fourier series. For $\omega\sim\mathcal{O}(1)$, we compute a critical value $\omega_c>0$ such that the optimal trap location is at the origin whenever $\omega \omega_c$. In the regime $1\ll\omega\ll\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon^{-1})$ the optimal trap path approaches the boundary of the disk. However, as $\omega$ is further increased to $\mat.
Decoding “Us” and “Them”: Neural Representations of Generalized Group Concepts

Humans form social coalitions in every society on earth, yet we know very little about how the general concepts us and them are represented in the brain. Evolutionary psychologists have argued that the human capacity for group affiliation is a byproduct of adaptations that evolved for tracking coalitions in general. These theories suggest that humans possess a common neural code for the concepts in-group and out-group, regardless of the category by which group boundaries are instantiated. The authors used multivoxel pattern analysis to identify the neural substrates of generalized group concept representations. They trained a classifier to encode how people represented the most basic instantiation of a specific social group (i.e., arbitrary teams created in the lab with no history of interaction or associated stereotypes) and tested how well the neural data decoded membership along an objectively orthogonal, real-world category (i.e., political parties). The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/middle cingulate cortex and anterior insula were associated with representing groups across multiple social categories. Restricting the analyses to these regions in a separate sample of participants performing an explicit categorization task, the authors replicated cross-categorization classification in anterior insula. Classification accuracy across categories was driven predominantly by the correct categorization of in-group targets, consistent with theories indicating in-group preference is more central than out-group derogation to group perception and cognition. These findings highlight the extent to which social group concepts rely on domain-general circuitry associated with encoding stimuli’s functional significance.
Metabolic networks in epilepsy by MR spectroscopic imaging

The concept of an epileptic network has long been suggested from both animal and human studies of epilepsy. Based on the common observation that the MR spectroscopic imaging measure of NAA/Cr is sensitive to neuronal function and injury, we use this parameter to assess for the presence of a metabolic network in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients.
A survey of research work in computer science and cognitive science dedicated to the modeling of reactive human behaviors

Modeling believable autonomous agents needs to take into account many different aspects from very different disciplines, ranging from cognitive psychology to mechanics. In this paper, we focus on research work dedicated to the modeling of human decision in a reactive way, a domain in‐between the biomechanical motion control of the activity and the rational and social background which motivates and shapes the execution of such activities. We cover models of reactive human behaviors introduced in computer science and cognitive science, assessing and comparing them from the application‐oriented perspective of modeling credible real‐time virtual anthropomorphic actors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A no-reference image blur metric based on two-pass edge analysis

This paper presents an efficient no-reference blur metric for images where image quality is quantified by the two pass edge analysis. The proposed method is based on the experimental result shown in section ? which demonstrates that not all the edges spread when the images become blurred. So in the proposed method the spread of the edges were measured two times, one for the test image and one for the blurred image, to find the edges whose width increment correlates well with the image blurred intensity. Experiments using the LIVE blur database demonstrate that the proposed algorithm correlates well with subjective quality evaluations.
Roles for Nitric Oxide as an Intra‐ and Interneuronal Messenger at NMDA Release‐Regulating Receptors: Evidence from Studies of the NMDA‐Evoked Release of [3H]Noradrenaline and d‐[3H]Aspartate from Rat Hippocampal Slices

Abstract: N‐Methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors regulating the release of [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) and d‐[3H]aspartate (d‐[3H]Asp) were investigated in superfused slices of rat hippocampus in the presence and absence of nitrergic drugs to examine a possible role for nitric oxide (NO) in the release process. In Mg2+‐free Krebs‐Henseleit buffer, the NMDA‐evoked release of [3H]NA and d‐[3H]Asp was Ca2+ dependent and inhibited by the NMDA antagonist (±)‐3‐(2‐carboxypiperazin‐4‐yl)propenyl‐1‐phosphonic acid. NMDA‐stimulated release of [3H]NA was tetrodotoxin (TTX; 0.1–2 µM) sensitive, whereas that for d‐[3H]Asp was TTX insensitive, indicating that the NMDA receptors involved are differentially localized; those for d‐[3H]Asp appear to be presynaptic, whereas those for [3H]NA are extrasynaptic in location. l‐Arginine (100 µM), the natural precursor of NO synthesis, enhanced NMDA‐evoked release of [3H]NA (100%) and d‐[3H]Asp (700%). Exogenous NO donors—sodium nitroprusside, 3‐morpholinosyndnomine, and S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (all 100 µM)—stimulated the NMDA‐evoked release. An exception was the inhibition by nitroprusside of NMDA‐evoked release of [3H]NA, where the presence of antioxidants may influence channel activity. Inhibitors of NO synthase (NG‐nitro‐, NG‐methyl‐, and NG‐amino‐l‐arginine, all 100 µM) attenuated (50–80%) the NMDA‐stimulated release of [3H]NA and d‐[3H]Asp, as did KN‐62 (10 µM), a specific inhibitor of calmodulin kinase II. Our data support roles for the NO transducing system subsequent to the activation of NMDA release‐regulating receptors as both an intraneuronal (presynaptically) and an extraneuronal messenger.
Weekly Problems Scales: Instruments for Sexually Abused Youth and Their Nonoffending Parents in Treatment

This study's purpose was to determine if efficient measures could be created to assess multiple problematic behaviors identified in youth who were sexually abused and in treatment. Because of the lack of easily administered brief instruments that assess multiple domains of interest in this population, complementary parent and child assessment measures were developed. The Weekly Problems Scale–Child Version (WPSC) and the Weekly Problems Scale–Parent Version (WPS-P) were created to monitor the weekly progress of the child and family in treatment and focus specifically on common areas of difficulties in this population. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assist in identifying the number of underlying dimensions in the scales. Results indicate that the WPS-C and WPS-P demonstrate adequate internal consistency, temporal stability, and construct validity. The WPS-C and WPSP display significant promise as research and clinical assessment tools for use with youth who are sexually abused and their nonoffending parents in treatment.
Power prediction for grid-connected photovoltaic system in Malaysia

This paper presents the prediction performance and analysis of the power output from grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system using power model. The power model used is presently applied in the testing, commissioning and acceptance test of grid-connected systems procedure in Malaysia. This study involved outdoor testing and validation of model through mathematical formula, root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson correlation coefficient (R2) and standard deviation (STD) determination. Results showed that most of the time, the actual power output was lower than the modelled power output. This implies that more derating factors should be considered in the existing power model such as aging and installation criteria.
Lipid levels and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment in diabetic patients: rosuvastatin compared with other statins in usual care

Objective: To compare change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III LDL-C goal attainment in diabetic patients treated with rosuvastatin versus other statins in a large, managed care health plan. Research Design and Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis used medical and pharmacy claims linked to laboratory results from a commercial/MedicareAdvantage health plan. Study participants were ≥ 18 years of age, had a diagnosis of diabetes, were newly treated with statins from 8/1/03 to 2/28/05, and were considered at high risk for cardiovascular events as defined by NCEP guidelines. Subjects were continuously enrolled for 12 months pre-index and ≥ 30 days post-index, with variable follow-up until therapy discontinuation or end of health plan eligibility. Main Outcome Measures: Change in LDL-C from baseline, and attainment of NCEP LDL-C goal among patients not at goal before starting therapy. Results: A total of 3337 adult patients with diabetes were identified with new use of statin therapy during the identification period. A total of 9% (n = 301) started on rosuvastatin, 49.4% (n = 1,649) on atorvastatin, 20.7% (n = 690) on simvastatin, 7.0% (n = 234) on pravastatin, 11.7% (n = 391) on lovastatin and 2.2% (n = 72) on fluvastatin. After controlling for covariates, rosuvastatin patients experienced a significantly greater decrease in LDL-C from baseline (38.7%) than patients taking atorvastatin (34.2%) (p = 0.05), simvastatin (31.5%), pravastatin (24.2%), fluvastatin (26.3%) or lovastatin (24.9%) (p < 0.0001). Rosuvastatin users were significantly more likely to attain LDL-C goal than those taking the other statins (odds ratio: 0.44, 0.28, 0.14, 0.14, 0.19, respectively; p < 0.001). Predicted percent attaining goal was significantly greater for those taking rosuvastatin (87.3%) than for those taking atorvastatin (76.9%), simvastatin (68.7%), pravastatin (55.0%), lovastatin (55.3%) or fluvastatin (61.3%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: For diabetic patients, rosuvastatin is more effective at reducing LDL-C levels and attaining NCEP ATP III LDL-C goal than other statins in real-world clinical practice.
Quality and effectiveness of knowledge management transfer using of Mentor-mentee Program and on Job Training in work place

Knowledge management is the system that been use to manage and transfer the information or knowledge among people within an organization. Knowledge management also can be defined as the organizational efforts designed to capture knowledge; convert personal knowledge to group-available knowledge; connect people to people, people to knowledge, knowledge to people, and knowledge to knowledge; and measure that knowledge to facilitate management of resources and help understand its evolution. Knowledge therefore became a very valuable competitive resource, since it fosters innovation and creates a sustainable competitive advantage for the company [1] In a review of KM critical success factors identified in one research, [2] found that many factors have been suggested as important for successful knowledge management implementation: culture, training, top-management support, technology infrastructure, knowledge infrastructure, knowledge sharing and knowledge transfer. Additional studies have emphasized the importance of culture, technology, systems and procedures, structure, tasks, and incentives [3]. The Knowledge Management system can manage and transfer information or knowledge within the organization. If the knowledge and information can be transferring correctly, this will make sure that knowledge and information are value to use in future and to give an advantage to the user itself. So, factor influence in knowledge management which is Mentor-mentee Program and Job Training activities are important to transfer the knowledge or information within the organization. Therefore, this study attempt to find out the relationship between channel of intranet, mentor-mentee program and on Job Training on the transfer of knowledge management in the higher education.
Blood pressure in first 10 years of life: the Brompton study.

OBJECTIVES--To determine the normal range of blood pressure and its pattern of change in the first 10 years of life. To estimate at what age (if any) children consistently appear in one part of the blood pressure distribution and at what age familial correlations in blood pressure become significant. DESIGN--Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING--South east England. SUBJECTS--2088 children of both sexes born consecutively in Farnborough Hospital, Kent, and their parents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Blood pressure measured by Doppler ultrasonography and sphygmomanometry. RESULTS--Systolic blood pressure rose from a mean of 88.5 mm Hg at age 6 months to 96.2 mm Hg at 8 years measured with a 8 cm cuff and from 89.1 mm Hg at age 5 years to 94.3 mm Hg at age 10 years measured with a 12 cm cuff. The larger cuff gave blood pressure readings about 6 mm Hg lower. This effect was independent of body weight and arm circumference. Diastolic blood pressure rose from 57.8 mm Hg at 5 years to 61.8 mm Hg at 10 years (12 cm cuff). There was only about 1 mm Hg difference between sexes. Blood pressure was correlated with weight, weight adjusted for height, height, and arm circumference at all ages studied. The correlation coefficient of repeated yearly measurements increased steadily with age from 0.28 at 2 years to 0.59 at 10 years. The correlation coefficients between child's blood pressure and mother's average blood pressure increased from 0.1 at age 1 year to 0.23 at age 10. CONCLUSIONS--Blood pressure changes relatively little between the ages of 6 months and 10 years. Yet because of the increasing strength of between occasion and family correlations, children are more consistently occupying a specific part of the blood pressure distribution as they grow older. Studies in children should help determine why some adults have hypertension and others do not.
Cross-Lingual and Supervised Learning Approach for Indonesian Word Sense Disambiguation Task

Ambiguity is a problem we frequently face in Natural Language Processing. Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is a task to determine the correct sense of an ambiguous word. However, research in WSD for Indonesian is still rare to find. The availability of English-Indonesian parallel corpora and WordNet for both languages can be used as training data for WSD by applying Cross-Lingual WSD method. This training data is used as an input to build a model using supervised machine learning algorithms. Our research also examines the use of Word Embedding features to build the WSD model.
Effects of Pharmaceutical Effluents on the Chemical. Composition of Various Vegetables in Sahiwal Region Punjab, Pakistan

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of toxic metals such as Lead (pb), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe) and Cadmium (Cd) in pharmaceutical effluents, agricultural soil and vegetables (Pumpkin, Green Chilli and Spinach) in Sahiwal Region, Punjab, Pakistan, where many pharmaceutical industries producing effluents that contain toxic metals, reagents, organic compounds and catalyst. These pharmaceutical effluents are being used for irrigation purpose. Different samples of efflents, soil and vegitables analysed. Though the detected amounts are exceeded from WHO irrigation limits in water samples other than zinc. The analysis of soil sample showed that All metals were exceeding the controlled sample and WHO limits. The testing in vegetables samples showed that all the metals exceeded the permissible limit other than Fe and it was concluded that agricultural soil and vegetables of small industrial estate area of Sahiwal region were contaminated by increasing concentration of toxic metals due to untreated pharmaceutical effluents. There is a need of regular monitoring of pharmaceutiocal effluents enterimg into irrigation water sources in order to save quality of vegatables and health hazards.
Healthcare in a land called PeoplePower: nothing about me without me

In a 5‐day retreat at a Salzburg Seminar attended by 64 individuals from 29 countries, teams of health professionals, patient advocates, artists, reporters and social scientists adopted the guiding principle of ‘nothing about me without me’ and created the country of PeoplePower. Designed to shift health care from ‘biomedicine’ to ‘infomedicine’, patients and health workers throughout PeoplePower join in informed, shared decision‐making and governance. Drawing, where possible, on computer‐based guidance and communication technologies, patients and clinicians contribute actively to the patient record, transcripts of clinical encounters are shared, and patient education occurs primarily in the home, school and community‐based organizations. Patients and clinicians jointly develop individual ‘quality contracts’, serving as building blocks for quality measurement and improvement systems that aggregate data, while reflecting unique attributes of individual patients and clinicians. Patients donate process and outcome data to national data banks that fuel epidemiological research and evidence‐based improvement systems. In PeoplePower hospitals, constant patient and employee feedback informs quality improvement work teams of patients and health professionals. Volunteers work actively in all units, patient rooms are information centres that transform their shape and decor as needs and individual preferences dictate, and arts and humanities programmes nourish the spirit. In the community, from the earliest school days the citizenry works with health professionals to adopt responsible health behaviours. Communities join in selecting and educating health professionals and barter systems improve access to care. Finally, lay individuals partner with professionals on all local, regional and national governmental and private health agencies.
Genetic differentiation among local populations of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in mosaic habitats

Tissue samples from 160 European hedgehogs, Erinaceus europaeus, representing eight small populations from a highly fragmented landscape in Oxfordshire, UK, were screened for polymorphism at six microsatellite loci. Permutation analysis of allelic compositions revealed no evidence for linkage disequilibrium among loci. Genotype proportions within populations and at five loci did not differ from those expected at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. However, significant heterozygote deficit and amplification failure of several samples necessitated removal of one locus from the analysis. Mean observed heterozygosity was 0.70. Average RhoST was 0.079 and differed significantly from zero, suggesting restricted gene flow among local populations. Pairwise Nm values and geographical distance were not correlated, indicating that factors other than distance affected dispersal.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for the design of cooperative shared control

In a shared control system humans and machines cooperatively interact. From the control theoretic point of view this can be seen as a system which is controlled by several controllers that are either formed by a human or by a machine. Since all controllers influence the system they affect each other. However, the human parts are given and cannot be changed. Therefore, the question is how to design the non-human controller systematically stable and without experiments. In this paper a design concept for these controllers is proposed which is based on game theoretic modeling. We show that adding a controller to the overall system has to lead to a Nash equilibrium. We further show that remaining degrees of freedom may then be used to optimize the designed controller with respect to a certain global objective function that specifies the demands of the system designers. Based on this idea necessary and sufficient conditions for cooperative shared design are stated. Practical approaches to solve the design problem are presented for real world problems. An example shows the applicability of the concept.
Four integration patterns: a socio‐technical approach to integration in IS development projects

This paper aims to contribute to a theory of integration within the field of information systems (IS) project management. Integration is a key IS project management issue when new systems are developed and implemented into an increasingly integrated information infrastructure in corporate and governmental organizations. Expanding the perspective of traditional project management research, we draw extensively on central insights from IS research. Building on socio‐technical IS research and software engineering research, we suggest four generic patterns of integration: big bang, stakeholder integration, technical integration and socio‐technical integration. We analyse and describe the advantages and disadvantages of each pattern. The four patterns are ideal types. To explore the forces and challenges in these patterns, three longitudinal case studies were conducted. In particular we investigate the management challenges for each pattern. We find that the patterns are context‐sensitive and describe the different contexts where the patterns are applicable. For IS project management, the four integration patterns are a contribution to the management of integration risks – extending the vocabulary for assessing and mitigating these risks in IS development. For practitioners the four integration patterns represent an analytical framework to be used in planning modern IS development projects.
On hop-by-hop rate-based congestion control

The activity in building gigabit speed networks has led many researchers to re-examine the issue of congestion control. We describe a rate-based hop-by-hop congestion control mechanism in which the service rates of connections are dynamically adjusted at a switch, using feedback information provided by the neighboring switches. The desired service rate is computed based on a control equation that utilizes a model of the system with feedback information used to correct inaccuracies in the model. We use an analytical model to prove that the expected value of the queue occupancy and throughput of a controlled connection converge to the desired operating point. We also study the variation of the queue occupancy and throughput in steady-state as well as the transient response. The analytical results provide insights into how the parameter values chosen affect performance. We use simulations to compare the performance of the scheme with an equivalent end-to-end control scheme. Our analytical and simulation results show that the hop-by-hop scheme reacts faster to changes in the traffic intensity and, consequently, utilizes resources at the bottleneck better and loses fewer packets than the end-to-end scheme.