Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The System-Wide Effect of Real-Time Audiovisual Feedback and Postevent Debriefing for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: The Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality Improvement Initiative*

Objective: To evaluate the effect of implementing real-time audiovisual feedback with and without postevent debriefing on survival and quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality at in-hospital cardiac arrest. Design: A two-phase, multicentre prospective cohort study. Setting: Three UK hospitals, all part of one National Health Service Acute Trust. Patients: One thousand three hundred and ninety-five adult patients who sustained an in-hospital cardiac arrest at the study hospitals and were treated by hospital emergency teams between November 2009 and May 2013. Interventions: During phase 1, quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and patient outcomes were measured with no intervention implemented. During phase 2, staff at hospital 1 received real-time audiovisual feedback, whereas staff at hospital 2 received real-time audiovisual feedback supplemented by postevent debriefing. No intervention was implemented at hospital 3 during phase 2. Measurements and Main Results: The primary outcome was return of spontaneous circulation. Secondary endpoints included other patient-focused outcomes, such as survival to hospital discharge, and process-focused outcomes, such as chest compression depth. Random-effect logistic and linear regression models, adjusted for baseline patient characteristics, were used to analyze the effect of the interventions on study outcomes. In comparison with no intervention, neither real-time audiovisual feedback (adjusted odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.31–1.22; p = 0.17) nor real-time audiovisual feedback supplemented by postevent debriefing (adjusted odds ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.35–1.21; p = 0.17) was associated with a statistically significant improvement in return of spontaneous circulation or any process-focused outcome. Despite this, there was evidence of a system-wide improvement in phase 2, leading to improvements in return of spontaneous circulation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.06–3.30; p = 0.03) and process-focused outcomes. Conclusions: Implementation of real-time audiovisual feedback with or without postevent debriefing did not lead to a measured improvement in patient or process-focused outcomes at individual hospital sites. However, there was an unexplained system-wide improvement in return of spontaneous circulation and process-focused outcomes during the second phase of the study.
Most Wanted Internet Applications: A Framework for P2P Identification

For almost a decade, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) traffic have been putting pressure on network operators. Taking actions to control P2P traffic is a daunting task. In this paper, we present a comprehensive framework for the identification of P2P traffic based on information-theoretic techniques. Despite the inherent difficulty to single out such applications, our methodology is able to successfully identify P2P traffic using a set of communication patterns or profiles. We show that profiles built on the observation of traffic volume are more accurate than those using the number of flows.
Towards Mixed-Initiative Discursive Networking

Tile "mixed-initiative" system-design rationale is explored in the context of networked discourse, in particular in the context of a collaboration model, called DisNet. The frame-based system allows to make contextual relations explicit, but in typical group-projects users can not be expected to formalize the project-context so that it can be used by agents to participate in a collaboration on a higher level. On the level of sub-tasks simple processes can generate a system-behavior that qualifies for collaborative interaction. To achieve model consistency tile model of interaction and the communication structure used by peers are used to colmnunicate system behavior.
High- and Low-Mass Star Forming Regions from Hierarchical Gravitational Fragmentation

(Abridged) We investigate the properties of "star forming regions" in a previously published numerical simulation of molecular cloud formation out of compressive motions in the warm neutral atomic interstellar medium, neglecting magnetic fields and stellar feedback. We study the properties (density, total gas+stars mass, stellar mass, velocity dispersion, and star formation rate) of the cloud hosting the first local, isolated "star formation" event in the simulation and compare them with those of the cloud formed by a later central, global collapse event. In this simulation, the velocity dispersions at all scales are caused primarily by infall motions rather than by random turbulence. We suggest that the small-scale, isolated collapse may be representative of low- to intermediate-mass star-forming regions, while the large-scale, massive one may be representative of massive star forming regions. We also obtain the statistical distributions of the physical properties of the dense cores appearing in the central region of massive collapse, and compare them with those from a recent survey of the massive star forming region in the Cygnus X molecular cloud by Motte et al. We find that the observed and simulated distributions are in general very similar, reinforcing the suggestion that massive star forming regions are sites of global, large-scale collapse. This suggestion contrasts with the common notion that these regions are in rough virial equilibrium, supported by strong turbulence.
Controller design for a quasi z source dc-dc converter for solar application

The increasing demand of renewable energy is increasing everybody's interest towards the converter to be used in the system. This paper proposes a converter along with its closed loop control that can be used along with the renewable sources like photovoltaic modules. The proposed converter has the capability to provide boost or buck action in single action. Different modes of the converter are discussed and a closed loop controller for the converter is proposed. The closed loop controller proposed for the converter is based on the use of logic combinations. The simulation results of the closed loop system are realized using PSIM software.
Predicted Enhanced Human Propensity of Current Avian-Like H1N1 Swine Influenza Virus from China

Influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes against which little or no pre-existing immunity exists in humans represent a serious threat to global public health. Monitoring of IAV in animal hosts is essential for early and rapid detection of potential pandemic IAV strains to prevent their spread. Recently, the increased pandemic potential of the avian-like swine H1N1 IAV A/swine/Guangdong/104/2013 has been suggested. The virus is infectious in humans and the general population seems to lack neutralizing antibodies against this virus. Here we present an in silico analysis that shows a strong human propensity of this swine virus further confirming its pandemic potential. We suggest mutations which would further enhance its human propensity. We also propose conserved antigenic determinants which could serve as a component of a prepandemic vaccine. The bioinformatics tool, which can be used to further monitor the evolution of swine influenza viruses towards a pandemic virus, are described here and are made publically available (http://www.vin.bg.ac.rs/180/tools/iav_mon.php; http://www.biomedprotection.com/iav_mon.php).
Comparison of low footprint acoustic modeling techniques for embedded ASR systems

In this paper we compare the performance of speech recognition systems based on hidden Markov models (HMM) with quantized parameters (qHMMs) and subspace distribution clustering hidden Markov models (SDCHMMs). Both of these HMM types provide similar performance as continuous density HMMs, but with significantly reduced memory requirements (approximately 90% less memory was needed to store the HMM densities). The experiments show that on a small vocabulary isolated word recognition task, SDCHMMs outperform qHMMs in clean conditions. However, when noisy test data is used and adaptation is enabled qHMMs outperform the SDCHMMs. In addition, the experiments show that as low as 3-bit feature quantization can be used with both qHMMs and SDCHMMs without sacrificing recognition performance.
Painting by feature

In this paper we propose a reinterpretation of the brush and the fill tools for digital image painting. The core idea is to provide an intuitive approach that allows users to paint in the visual style of arbitrary example images. Rather than a static library of colors, brushes, or fill patterns, we offer users entire images as their palette, from which they can select arbitrary contours or textures as their brush or fill tool in their own creations. Compared to previous example-based techniques related to the painting-by-numbers paradigm we propose a new strategy where users can generate salient texture boundaries by our randomized graph-traversal algorithm and apply a content-aware fill to transfer textures into the delimited regions. This workflow allows users of our system to intuitively create visually appealing images that better preserve the visual richness and fluidity of arbitrary example images. We demonstrate the potential of our approach in various applications including interactive image creation, editing and vector image stylization.
A Specialized Microvascular Domain in the Mouse Neural Stem Cell Niche

The microenvironment of the subependymal zone (SEZ) neural stem cell niche is necessary for regulating adult neurogenesis. In particular, signaling from the microvasculature is essential for adult neural stem cell maintenance, but microvascular structure and blood flow dynamics in the SEZ are not well understood. In this work, we show that the mouse SEZ constitutes a specialized microvascular domain defined by unique vessel architecture and reduced rates of blood flow. Additionally, we demonstrate that hypoxic conditions are detectable in the ependymal layer that lines the ventricle, and in a subpopulation of neurons throughout the SEZ and striatum. Together, these data highlight previously unidentified features of the SEZ neural stem cell niche, and further demonstrate the extent of microvascular specialization in the SEZ microenvironment.
Building Blocks of Social Intelligence: Enabling Autonomy for Socially Intelligent and Assistive Robots

We present an overview of the control, recognition, decision-making, and learning techniques utilized by the Interaction Lab (robotics.usc.edu/interaction) at the University of Southern California (USC) to enable autonomy in sociable and socially assistive robots. These techniques are implemented with two software libraries: 1) the Social Behavior Library (SBL) provides autonomous social behavior controllers; and 2) the Social Interaction Manager (SIM) provides probabilistic models to recognize, reason over, and learn about human behavior. Both libraries are implemented in the Robot Operating System (ROS; www.ros.org) framework, and are made available to the community as open-source software packages in the USC ROS Package Repository (code.google.com/p/uscinteraction-software).
Optical cup to disc ratio measurement for glaucoma diagnosis using harris corner

In medical study, retinal image processing plays a vital role in detecting the abnormalities of eye or ocular diseases like Glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Glaucoma is one of the two major causes of blindness worldwide, accounting for approximately 13% of visually impaired people. Glaucoma is physiologically described as the deterioration of optic nerve cells, and is characterized by alterations in the optic nerve head and visual field. The measurement of neuro-retinal optic cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) is an important index of Glaucoma, as the increased excavation of the optic cup occurs because of Glaucomatous neuropathy increasing the CDR. Currently, CDR evaluation is manually performed by ophthalmologists. Due to the interweavement of blood vessels with the surrounding tissues around the cup, automatic calculation of optic cup boundary thus being challenging. In this paper, an automatic method for CDR determination using Harris Corner is proposed.
Mapping Historical Documents to Geographical Space

Geotagging is the process of recognizing place and facility names in a document, and assigning each set of latitude and longitude values. In the latter step, an external geographic database, which contains pairs of place/facility names and latitude/longitude values, is used. However, if former place/facility names are used in a historical document, it is impossible to assign latitude and longitude values to them, even though their current names are listed in the database. Furthermore, if there are multiple identical place/facility names in the geographical database, we will have to choose the correct one. In this paper, we propose a method to construct a database that contains current and former place/facility name pairs. We applied a machine learning-based information extraction method to some text corpora, and automatically extracted current and former place/facility name pairs. We also propose a method that disambiguates the same place/facility names. We conducted some experiments to confirm the effectiveness of our method.
Flexible handling robot system for cloth using 3-D sensor

One of the requirements for the service robot is a automatic tidying operation, and it includes laundry handling. But flexible objects such as clothes are hard to be handled by robots. To handle flexible objects, 3-D Vision systems and flexible handling mechanism are indispensable. We have been developing the clothes handling robot system for linen supply factories. The purpose of this system is to input washing clothes to the pressing and folding line. This system mainly consists of the vision sensors with stereo cameras and a pattern projector and the robot system with two flexible hands. There are three steps to handle clothes. They are; (1) to pick up one cloth from piled clothes, (2) to grasp one corner of a cloth, (3) to grasp one edge of a cloth. In this paper, cloth handling robot system is evaluated experimentally, and this result shows that our robot system has ability to handle clothes.
Protein and bcl-2 Mitochondrial Activation and Is Inhibited by FLICE Inhibitor Fas-mediated Apoptosis in Neuroblastoma Requires

Fas-mediated apoptosis proceeds though mitochondria-dependent or -independent pathways and is deficient in drug-resistant cells. Neuroblastoma, a common pediatric malignancy, often develops drug-resistance and has a silencedcaspase 8(FLICE) gene, which has been associated with Fasand drug-resistance. We report that besides caspase 8, which was absent in approximately one-third of 26 neuroblastoma cases in this study, other proteins such as bcl-2 and FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP), are equally important in conferring Fas-resistance to neuroblastoma cells. Both bcl-2 and FLIP were frequently expressed in neuroblastoma tissues. Our in vitro studies showed that FLIP was recruited to the death-inducing signaling complex and interfered with the recruitment of caspase 8 in neuroblastoma cells. bcl-2 inhibited the activation of the mitochondria; but it also lowered the free cytoplasmic levels of caspase 8 by binding and sequestering it, thus acting through a novel antiapoptotic mechanism upstream of the mitochondria. In vitro down-regulation of bcl-2 with antisense oligonucleotides allowed the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and the activation of caspases 8 and 3 upon Fas activation as well as sensitized neuroblastoma cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Downregulation of FLIP had only a modest apoptotic effect because of the coexistent mitochondrial block. However, combined treatment with bcl-2 and FLIP antisense oligonucleotides had a statistically significant synergistic effect reversing Fas-resistance in neuroblastoma cells in vitro. These data indicate that Fas-mediated apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells is mitochondria-dependent and inhibited both at the mitochondrial level and at the level of caspase 8 activation. Thus, gene-targeting therapies for bcl-2 and FLIP may reverse Fas-resistance and prove useful in the treatment of drug-resistant neuroblastomas.
Translation enhancement: a new relevance feedback method for cross-language information retrieval

As an effective technique for improving retrieval effectiveness, relevance feedback (RF) has been widely studied in both monolingual and cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) settings. The studies of RF in CLIR have been focused on query expansion (QE), in which queries are reformulated before and/or after they are translated. However, RF in CLIR actually not only can help select better query terms, but also can enhance query translation by adjusting translation probabilities and even resolve some out-of-vocabulary terms. In this paper, we propose a novel RF method called translation enhancement (TE), which uses the extracted translation relationships from relevant documents to revise the translation probabilities of query terms and to identify extra translation alternatives if available so that the translated queries are more tuned to the current search. We studied TE using pseudo relevance feedback (PRF) and interactive relevance feedback (IRF). Our results show that TE can significantly improve CLIR with both types of RF methods, and that the improvement is comparable to that of QE. More importantly, the effects of TE and QE are complementary. Their integration can produce further improvement, and makes CLIR more robust for a variety of queries.
Ship Propulsion AC/DC Conversion System Modeling and Design

This paper presents the detailed physics-based model and design of a high voltage high power AC/DC power conversion system comprising a 3 to 12 phase transformer and a 24 pulse thyristor controlled rectifier. System level modeling is critical during the multi-year design of the 30-50 MW system. The goal of the modeling effort is to avoid re-designing the system which is expensive to prototype due to the large power level. The paper presents two important performance features of the model. The conducted emissions are simulated for the AC/DC system and compared to the MIL-STD-461E and MIL-STD-1399 limits to help choose filter components. Control of the DC bus voltage is also simulated to predict the step response of the system and ensure the performance requirements can be satisfied when the proof of concept occurs
Challenges moving forward with economic evaluations of exercise intervention strategies aimed at combating cognitive impairment and dementia

Cognitive decline among adults aged 65 years and older is a substantial public health problem in terms of incidence, health burden to the individual and care givers, as well as healthcare-related costs.1 With the world's ageing population increasing, the number of older adults with dementia is estimated to rise from 26.6 million in 2007 to 106.2 million in 2050.2 The economic burden of cognitive impairment and dementia cannot be ignored. In 2000, dementia was the third most costly health condition to care for in the USA, with annual costs estimated at $100 billion (in 1997 US prices). Another study calculated that the mean annual cost for dementia care is €28 000 per patient.3 The direct costs in the UK of Alzheimer's disease were estimated at £23 billion annually.4 Clearly, the cost of care for dementia is extremely high, and any strategies that delay the onset and/or slow the progression of cognitive decline and dementia can have enormous societal return in terms of costs and consequences. To date, effective pharmacotherapy for cognitive decline remains a challenge.1 Rather, recent evidence emphasises the importance of behavioural strategies such as physical activity to promote cognitive function.5,–,10 Specifically, results from randomised controlled trials suggest that exercise has benefits for cognitive function among cognitively normal older adults5,–,7 and among older adults with mild cognitive impairment.8 9 However, more research is needed to ascertain the direct effect of exercise on cognition among those with dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Nevertheless, as previously highlighted by Erickson and Kramer,10 physical activity provides clear benefits for cognition among seniors. These neuroscientists contend that ‘physical activity is an inexpensive treatment that could have substantial preventive and restorative properties for cognitive and …
DO ETHNIC GROUPS EXIST?: A COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE ON THE CONCEPT OF CULTURES1

Two years after the publication of an ethnographic case study of a village in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands (Mahmood 1989), a team of investigators returned to the site to explore reactions to the study. While the local population and the Netherlands academic establishment expressed a variety of opinions with regard to the book itself, the more interesting question quickly became the issue of whether there is such a thing as Frisian culture in the first place. The authors used this question and the dialogue that developed around it to pursue the broader theoretical issue of how anthropologists define cultural groups in general, and came to the conclusion that many anthropological difficulties with the categorization of cultures stem from an inadequate understanding of the cognitive dynamics of categorization itself. Drawing on developments in the field of cognitive psychology, we propose a revised conception of ethnic affiliation that accommodates the new interpretive strategies without neglecting the reality of identifiable cultural groups. We further examine the role of categorization in constructing social realities and re-explore the meaning of the Frisian culture that has been so elusive to anthropologists, and yet is obviously very real to many of our interlocutors. It became immediately apparent upon our arrival in the village of Eastermar in June of 1990 that most people in the community were completely incognizant of the fact that a book had been written about them. This was unexpected insofar as: first, the community is a highly literate one, with a substantial proportion of its inhabitants capable of reading English; second, the community is tied by gossip networks that normally inform an individual at one end of the village of any event that has befallen an individual at the other end within a matter of hours; and third, very few foreign books about the Frisians exist, in a province in which an ethnonationalist movement has been in full swing for several decades. Despite these reasons why one might expect any volume on the Frisians to make something of a splash, the first reaction of the villagers to Mahmood's book amounted to what can only be described as studied neglect. The second stage in the response of the local population to the book, prompted only by the continued presence of the author, was an array of highly specific criticisms. These ranged from complaints about particular photos to comments
Preface of Special Issue “TRP channels: their functional roles in medical sciences”

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are nonselective cation channels (mainly Ca2+) that play critical roles as cellular sensors, including contributions to vision, taste, olfaction, hearing, touch, and thermo-, chemo- and osmo-sensation. The activation of a TRP channel changes the membrane potential, translocates important signaling ions cross the cell membrane, alters enzyme activity and so on. Thus, from the viewpoint of physical chemistry, studies on TRP channels have gained widespread attention for the past three decades. In fact, many review papers on TRP channels can be found in databases (e.g., see [1] as a recent review).