Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Job Scheduling Algorithms in Cloud Computing: A Survey

Cloud Computing is the new IT Paradigm that makes the delivery of computing resources (Hardware and Software), applications and data as a service over the internet to its users. Cloud computing mainly intended to provide reliable, dynamic and virtualized services in terms of resources for doing computation, storage and knowledge sharing. An essential requirement in cloud computing is scheduling of current jobs to be executed within some given metrics or constraints. In Cloud computing, execution of jobs requires various resources which are available to them by fulfilling certain constraints like best performance, minimum execution time, shortest response time, fault-tolerance and quality of expected services. The scheduler should order the jobs in a way where the balance between improving the quality of services and at the same time maintaining the efficiency and fairness among the jobs. Thus, in large-scale distributed systems, the performance evaluation of the algorithm is important. In this paper, our major goal is to study systematic review of various job scheduling algorithms.
CMOS Oscillators for Clock Distribution and Injection-Locked Deskew

The distribution and alignment of high-frequency clocks across a wide bus of links is a significant challenge in modern computing systems. A low power clock source is demonstrated by incorporating a buffer into a cross-coupled oscillator. Because the load is isolated from the tank, the oscillator can directly drive 50-Ohm impedances or large capacitive loads with no additional buffering. Using this topology, a quadrature VCO (QVCO) is implemented in 0.13 mum digital CMOS. The QVCO oscillates at 20 GHz, consumes 20 mW and provides 12% tuning range. The measured phase noise is -101 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz frequency offset. A clock alignment technique based upon injection-locked quadrature-LC or ring oscillators is then proposed. Although injection-locked oscillators (ILOs) are known to be capable of deskewing and jitter filtering clocks, a study of both LC and ring ILOs indicates significant variation in their jitter tracking bandwidth when used to provide large phase shifts. By selectively injecting different phases of a quadrature-LC or ring VCO, this problem is obviated resulting in reduced phase noise. The technique is demonstrated using a LC QVCO at 20 GHz while burning only 20 mW of power and providing an 8 dB improvement in phase noise. A ring oscillator deskews a 2 to 7 GHz clock while consuming 14 mW in 90 nm CMOS.
Multi-view learning from imperfect tagging

In many real-world applications, tagging is imperfect: incomplete, inconsistent, and error-prone. Solutions to this problem will generate societal and technical impacts. In this paper, we investigate this arguably new problem: learning from imperfect tagging. We propose a general and effective learning scheme called the Multi-view Imperfect Tagging Learning (MITL) to this problem. The main idea of MITL lies in extracting the information of the imperfectly tagged training dataset from multiple views to differentiate the data points in the role of classification. Further, a novel discriminative classification method is proposed under the framework of MITL, which explicitly makes use of the given multiple labels simultaneously as an additional feature to deliver a more effective classification performance than the existing literature where one label is considered at a time as the classification target while the rest of the given labels are completely ignored at the same time. The proposed methods can not only complete the incomplete tagging but also denoise the noisy tagging through an inductive learning. We apply the general solution to the problem with a more specific context - imperfect image annotation, and evaluate the proposed methods on a standard dataset from the related literature. Experiments show that they are superior to the peer methods on solving the problem of learning from imperfect tagging in cross-media.
On adaptive pixel random selection for compressive sensing

Recently developed Compressive Sensing image sensor architectures tend to provide compact on-chip implementations to perform alternative acquisitions. On the other hand, the time of reconstruction generally limits possible applications taking advantage of those specific sensing schemes. This work proposes an entire Compressive Sensing system composed of an encoder (a dedicated imager top-level architecture) and a decoder (a reconstruction algorithm). The proposed system provides a compromise between the sensing scheme efficiency for relaxing on-chip constraints and the reconstruction complexity/quality. This system performs an adaptive block-based sensing, particularly well suited for video acquisition because of being combined with a fast inpainting based reconstruction algorithm. The simulation results show that compared to state of the art reconstructions and without important image degradation, the proposed reconstruction algorithm considerably reduces the computation time.
Reeb Spaces and the Robustness of Preimages

We study how the preimages of a mapping f : X → Y between manifolds vary under perturbations. First, we consider the preimage of a single point and track the history of its connected component as this point varies in Y. This information is compactly represented in a generalization of the Reeb graph we call the Reeb space. We study its local and global properties and provide an algorithm for its construction. Using homology, we then consider higher dimensional connectivity of the preimage. We develop a theory quantifying the stability of each homology class under perturbations of the mapping f . This value, called robustness, is given to each homology class in the preimage. The robustness of a class is the magnitude of the perturbation necessary to remove it from the preimage. The generality of this theory allows for many applications. We apply this theory to quantify the stability of contours, fixed points, periodic orbits, and more.
Adjustable phase shift pilots for sparse massive MIMO-OFDM channels

We propose adjustable phase shift pilots (APSPs) for wideband massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to reduce the pilot overhead. Based on a physically motivated channel model, we first establish a relationship between channel space-frequency correlations and the channel power angle-delay (AD) spectrum in the massive antenna array regime, which reveals the channel sparsity in massive MIMO-OFDM. With this channel model, we then investigate channel estimation (CE) for massive MIMO-OFDM with APSPs. We show that CE performance in terms of sum mean square error can be minimized if the user terminals' channel power distributions in the AD domain are non-overlapping with proper phase shift scheduling. The Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed APSP approach can provide substantial performance gains in terms of achievable spectral efficiency over the conventional phase shift orthogonal pilot approach in typical high mobility scenarios.
In utero hematopoietic cell transplantation: induction of donor specific immune tolerance and postnatal transplants

In utero hematopoietic cell transplantation (IUHCT) is a non-myeloablative non-immunosuppressive transplant approach that allows for donor cell engraftment across immunologic barriers. Successful engraftment is associated with donor-specific tolerance. IUHCT has the potential to treat a large number of congenital hematologic, immunologic, and genetic diseases either by achieving high enough engraftment levels following a single IUHCT or by inducing donor specific tolerance to allow for non-toxic same-donor postnatal transplants. This review evaluates donor specific tolerance induction achieved by IUHCT. Specifically it addresses the need to achieve threshold levels of donor cell engraftment following IUHCT to consistently obtain immunologic tolerance. The mechanisms of tolerance induction including partial deletion of donor reactive host T cells by direct and indirect antigen presentation and the role of regulatory T cells in maintaining tolerance are reviewed. Finally, this review highlights the promising clinical potential of in utero tolerance induction to provide a platform on which postnatal cellular and organ transplants can be performed without myeloablative or immunosuppressive conditioning.
Deep packet inspection in residential gateways and routers: Issues and challenges

Several industry trends and new applications have brought the residential gateway router (RGR) to the center of digital home with direct connectivity to the service provider's network. Increasing risks of network attacks have necessitated the need for deep packet inspection in network processor (NP) used by RGR to match traffic at multiple gigabit throughput. Traditional deep packet inspection (DPI) implementations primarily focus on end hosts like servers, personal / handheld computers. Existing DPI signature matching techniques cannot be directly implemented in RGR due to various issues and challenges pertaining to processing capacity of the NP and associated memory constraints. So 4 key factors, regular expression support, gigabit throughput, scalability and ease of signature updates has been proposed through which best signature matching system could be designed for efficient DPI implementation in RGR.
A fast DCT based method for copy move forgery detection

Copy move forgery detection is emerging as one of the hot research topic among researchers in the area of image forensics. Many techniques have been suggested to detect such type of tampering with the original image, but the problem is far from being solved. Some issues still remained either unsolved or there is a lot of scope for performance improvement. Block matching algorithm or block tiling algorithm is the most commonly used method to detect the duplication in the image. One of the major challenges is the time complexity of such algorithms. As the image size increases the number of overlapping blocks increases rapidly and feature collection and matching takes relatively long time. In the proposed method this issue has been addressed without compromising the quality of the method. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is used to represent the features of overlapping blocks. Also effort has been made to automate the threshold for separating the stray matches from the authentic matches.
Sodium visibility and quantitation in intact bovine articular cartilage using high field (23)Na MRI and MRS.

Noninvasive methods of detecting cartilage degeneration can have an impact on identifying the early stages of osteoarthritis. Accurate measurement of sodium concentrations within the cartilage matrix provides a means for analyzing tissue integrity. Here a method is described for quantitating sodium concentration and visibility in cartilage, with general applications to all tissue types. The sodium concentration in bovine patellar cartilage plugs was determined by three different methods: NMR spectroscopy of whole cartilage plugs, NMR spectroscopy of liquefied cartilage in concentrated HCl, and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. Whole bovine patellae were imaged with relaxation normalized calibration phantoms to ascertain sodium concentrations inside the articular cartilage. Sodium concentrations in intact articular cartilage were found to range from approximately 200 mM on the edges to approximately 390 mM in the center, with an average of approximately 320 mM in five separate bovine patellae studied. In essence, we have created sodium distribution maps of the cartilage, showing for the first time, spatial variations of sodium concentration in intact cartilage. This average concentration measurement correlates very well with the values obtained from the spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, sodium was found to be 100% NMR visible in cartilage plugs. Applications of this method in diagnosing and monitoring treatment of osteoarthritis are discussed.
The Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol Predisposes for the Development of Clostridium perfringens-Induced Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens

Both mycotoxin contamination of feed and Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis have an increasing global economic impact on poultry production. Especially the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common feed contaminant. This study aimed at examining the predisposing effect of DON on the development of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. An experimental Clostridium perfringens infection study revealed that DON, at a contamination level of 3,000 to 4,000 µg/kg feed, increased the percentage of birds with subclinical necrotic enteritis from 20±2.6% to 47±3.0% (P<0.001). DON significantly reduced the transepithelial electrical resistance in duodenal segments (P<0.001) and decreased duodenal villus height (P = 0.014) indicating intestinal barrier disruption and intestinal epithelial damage, respectively. This may lead to an increased permeability of the intestinal epithelium and decreased absorption of dietary proteins. Protein analysis of duodenal content indeed showed that DON contamination resulted in a significant increase in total protein concentration (P = 0.023). Furthermore, DON had no effect on in vitro growth, alpha toxin production and netB toxin transcription of Clostridium perfringens. In conclusion, feed contamination with DON at concentrations below the European maximum guidance level of 5,000 µg/kg feed, is a predisposing factor for the development of necrotic enteritis in broilers. These results are associated with a negative effect of DON on the intestinal barrier function and increased intestinal protein availability, which may stimulate growth and toxin production of Clostridium perfringens.
Quantifying Preferences and Responsiveness of Marine Zooplankton to Changing Environmental Conditions using Microfluidics

Global environmental change significantly affects marine species composition. However, analyzing the impact of these changes on marine zooplankton communities was so far mostly limited to assessing lethal doses through mortality assays and hence did not allow a direct assessment of the preferred conditions, or preferendum. Here, we use a microfluidic device to characterize individual behavior of actively swimming zooplankton, and to quantitatively determine their ecological preferendum. For the annelid zooplankton model Platynereis dumerilii we observe a broader pH preferendum than for the copepod Euterpina acutifrons, and reveal previously unrecognized sub-populations with different pH preferenda. For Platynereis, the minimum concentration difference required to elicit a response (responsiveness) is ~1 μM for H+ and ~13.7 mM for NaCl. Furthermore, using laser ablations we show that olfactomedin-expressing sensory cells mediate chemical responsiveness in the Platynereis foregut. Taken together, our microfluidic approach allows precise assessment and functional understanding of environmental perception on planktonic behaviour.
SCIT-DNS: Critical infrastructure protection through secure DNS server dynamic updates

Domain Name Systems (DNS) provide the mapping between easily remembered host names and their IP addresses. While domain name information is typically created and updated off-line, dynamic DNS updates allow clients to manage domain names online, in real time. The current secure DNS standards (DNSSEC) require private keys to be kept online to sign dynamic updates, leaving private keys subject to network-based attacks.In this work, we develop a secure implementation framework of DNS servers that voids the above requirement. Our approach, called Self-Cleansing Intrusion Tolerance (SCIT), strengthens DNSSEC through hardware redundancy. Our system uses a highly integrated cluster of DNS servers that constantly rotates the role of individual servers, handles one-server failures gracefully, confines the damages of successful intrusion to a limited time, and digitally signs dynamic updates by a clean server using the DNS zone key while keeping the key offline at all times. It is our belief that the availability and integrity of critical communications infrastructure, such as DNS, far outweigh the costs of hardware redundancy.In this paper, we present (1) the architecture of SCIT DNS clusters that achieves the above goals, (2) a secure Cluster Coordination Protocol (CCP) that servers in the cluster use to coordinate role changes without ever opening a port, and (3) the designs of our ongoing SCIT DNS cluster prototype. Preliminary experiences of our prototype show that role rotation and self-cleansing cycles are in the range of minutes, restricting the damages of even undetected but successful attacks to short time windows.
Remotely monitored fertility control by ion selective electrodes using novel sensor networks

In the recent day's one of the predominant reasons for the crop loss in fields is due to the loss of fertility of the land on which irrigation is taking place. This loss of fertility is mainly due to the indecorous application of fertilizers. This paper proposes an innovative, effective yet affordable approach of irrigation which is interconnected and controlled by a network by knowing the fertility content of the soil. This paper also proposes a new electronic assistive system designed by employing ARM cortex M3 processor and ion-selective electrodes along with GSM module. This system analyses the fertility content of the soil and provides the results for planned irrigation which has the potential to replace the conventional irrigation which is entirely based on guess work. This proposed system also provides a user friendly GUI for the user to know about the soil fertility content and add fertilizers to the field accordingly thereby using the field in an efficiently without affecting its fertility. Consequently by this method the land can be utilized without affecting its fertility for a long time.
Using content analysis to link texts on assessment and intervention to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health - version for Children and Youth (ICF-CY).

OBJECTIVE To explore how content analysis can be used together with linking rules to link texts on assessment and intervention to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health - version for children and youth (ICF-CY). METHODS Individual habilitation plans containing texts on assessment and intervention for children with disabilities and their families were linked to the ICF-CY using content ana-lysis. Texts were first divided into meaning units in order to extract meaningful concepts. Meaningful concepts that were difficult to link to ICF-CY codes were grouped, and coding schemes with critical attributes were developed. Meaningful concepts that could not be linked to the ICF-CY were assigned to the categories "not-definable" and "not-covered", using coding schemes with mutually exclusive categories. RESULTS The size of the meaning units selected resulted in different numbers and contents of meaningful concepts. Coding schemes with critical attributes of ICF-CY codes facilitated the linking of meaningful concepts to the most appropriate ICF-CY codes. Coding schemes with mutually exclusive categories facilitated the classification of meaningful concepts that could or could not be linked to the ICF-CY. CONCLUSION Content analysis techniques can be applied together with linking rules in order to link texts on assessment and intervention to the ICF-CY.
Preserving Confidentiality in PCE-based Multi-domain Networks

The path computation element (PCE) architecture has been proposed to effectively enable multi-domain traffic engineering (TE) in generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) networks while providing an adequate level of confidentiality among domains. However, a malicious utilization of the procedures defined within the PCE architecture might affect the confidentiality of network domain information in a multi-domain multi-carrier network scenario. This paper discusses the critical issues of the PCE architecture in terms of confidentiality. A two-step authorization scheme, named the behavior-based PCE authorization policy (BPAP), is proposed. The BPAP includes a novel add-on PCE component and a central authorization policy server to protect against confidentiality breaking. The scheme is based on the PCE protocol (PCEP) client behavior analysis and includes attack pattern detection procedures and possible partial information filtering of the reply message. The applicability of the BPAP scheme is validated in wavelength switched optical networks (WSONs) through simulations focusing on the exchange of a restricted set of available resources. Finally, a BPAP implementation is experimentally evaluated, showing the efficiency of the two-step scheme in terms of scalability, capability to limit the discovery of critical information, and reactivity to confidential attacks.
Object-oriented Bayesian networks for DNA mixture analyses

In this paper we show how to represent with object-oriented Bayesian networks the mathematical model described in Cowell et al. (2006a), for identification problems involving DNA mixture traces. We present detailed descriptions of each component class used to build up the networks, and we apply the networks to an example. Some key words and phrases: Objectoriented Bayesian networks, DNA mixture, forensic identification, mixture separation, peak weight.
X-Ray and Near-IR Variability of the Anomalous X-Ray Pulsar 1E 1048.1–5937: From Quiescence Back to Activity

We report on new and archival X-ray and near-IR observations of the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 1048.1–5937 performed between 2001 and 2007 with the Rossi X-Ray Telescope Explorer (RXTE), the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Explorer, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and the Very Large Telescope. Monitoring with RXTE revealed that following its ~2001-2004 active period, 1E 1048.1–5937 entered a phase of timing stability; at the same time, simultaneous observations with Chandra and HST in 2006 showed that its X-ray and near-IR radiative properties, all variable prior to 2005, stabilized. Specifically, the 2006 X-ray spectrum is consistent with a two-component blackbody plus power law, with an average kt = 0.52 keV and Γ = 2.8, at a mean flux level of ~6.5 × 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1 (2–10 keV). The near-IR counterpart in 2005-2006 was detected at H ∼ 22.7 mag and Ks ∼ 21.0 mag, considerably fainter than previously measured. In 2007 March, this newfound quiescence was interrupted by sudden X-ray flux, spectral, and pulse morphology changes, simultaneous with a large glitch and near-IR enhancement. Our RXTE observations revealed a factor of ~3 increase in pulsed flux (2-10 keV), while observations with Chandra and Swift saw the total X-ray flux increase much more than the pulsed flux, reaching a peak value of >7 times the quiescent value (2-10 keV). We find a strong anticorrelation between X-ray flux and pulsed fraction, and a correlation between X-ray spectral hardness and flux. Simultaneously with the radiative and timing changes, we observed the X-ray pulse profile change significantly from nearly sinusoidal to having multiple peaks. We compare these remarkable events with other magnetar outbursts and discuss implications in the context of AXP emission models.