Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approche diachronique de la (poly)pragmaticalisation de fr. déjà («Quand le grammème est-il devenu pragmatème, déjà?»)

Lors du Congrès International de Linguistique et de Philologie Romanes de 1998 (Buchi 2000 ; cf. déjà Perret 1995), nous postulions que le temps était venu d'ouvrir en linguistique française un chantier en pragmatique diachronique, c'est-à-dire de considérer les phénomènes délimités par l'analyse du discours dans leur dimension historique. Après avoir illustré cette approche historique de l'énonciation par l'étude de la pragmaticalisation du marqueur discursif quoi, nous nous proposons à présent de poursuivre notre investigation en appliquant la même approche aux sens pragmatiques (ou énonciatifs ou discursifs) de déjà tels qu'ils se manifestent dans les exemples suivants : 1. C'est déjà un miracle qu'il ait été retenu comme candidat. 2. Déjà, il n'est pas à l'heure, et en plus il critique tout. 3. Comment s'appelle-t-il déjà ? 4. Cela ne serait pas déjà si mal ! 5. Allons toujours, il viendra déjà. Il va sans dire que l'examen de l'apparition de marqueurs discursifs comme quoi ou déjà est complémentaire par rapport à l'étude des régularités dans la genèse de ces marqueurs en général entreprise par Richard Waltereit.1
Optimal pulsewidth modulation of multilevel inverters for low switching frequency control of medium voltage high power industrial AC drives

This paper presents an optimal pulsewidth modulation (PWM) technique for low switching frequency control of multilevel inverters for medium voltage high power industrial AC drives applications. Synchronous optimal PWM permits setting the maximum switching frequency to a low value without compromising in THD. Low switching frequency reduces the switching losses of the power semiconductor devices, resulting in higher inverter power output and efficiency. Experimental results of a five-level inverter drive using optimal PWM are presented. Two types of topologies are discussed: 1) Isolated dc link topology and 2) Common dc link topology with common mode inductor.
Ubiquinone and vitamin K in bacteria.

3. Liver mitochondria isolated after suspension in 5 mM-sodium salicylate in 0-44m-sucrose carried out oxidative phosphorylation nearly as efficiently as the controls. 4. Salicylate was taken up by mitochondria at 00, but the binding was extremely labile. From 78 to 95 % of the salicylate taken up was removed by one rapid wash in sucrose medium. 5. The intracellular fluid of the livers of sailcylate-poisoned rats contained concentrations of salicylate from 0-8 to 4 0 mm. These concentrations approximate to the concentrations of salicylate in the plasma of these animals. 6. The presence of salicylate in the intracellular fluid of the livers of rats poisoned with salicylate in vivo is compatible with a physiological uncoupling effect of salicylate on mitochondria in vivo. Uncoupling cannot be demonstrated in mitochondria isolated from intoxicated rats because the salicylate is washed out during the isolation procedure.
Self-prescription practices in recent Latino immigrants.

OBJECTIVE Self-prescription involves the purchase and use of restricted medications without medical advice. Although common in Central and South American countries, little is known about this practice among Latino immigrants in the United States. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to explore how Latino immigrants obtain and use prescription medications without accessing the formal health care system. DESIGN This exploratory descriptive study used focus groups to gain an understanding of the use of prescription medications without medical care. SAMPLE Three focus group discussions were held with 19 adult Latino immigrants who were new residents in the United States, and did not have health insurance; most were undocumented. RESULTS Analysis of the data revealed 4 major themes: (a) health care barriers, (b) cultural norms, (c) self-care, and (d) self-prescription. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that this population experiences significant barriers to accessing health care, forcing them to seek treatment alternatives including the purchase and use of drugs manufactured in Mexico. There are many public health and safety concerns related to self-prescription practices. Nurses need to be aware of the barriers to health care that lead to these potentially dangerous medication practices, and to recognize and understand self-prescription.
Continuous growth of mean tumor diameter in a subset of grade II gliomas

Serial magnetic resonance images of 27 patients with untreated World Health Organization grade II oligodendrogliomas or mixed gliomas were reviewed retrospectively to study the kinetics of tumor growth before anaplastic transformation. Analysis of the mean tumor diameters over time showed constant growth. Linear regression, using a mixed model, found an average slope of 4.1mm per year (95% confidence interval, 3.8–4.4mm/year). Untreated low‐grade oligodendrogliomas or mixed gliomas grow continuously during their premalignant phase, and their pattern of growth can be predicted within a relatively narrow range. These findings could be of interest to optimize patients management and follow‐up. Ann Neurol 2003;53:524–528
Specificity of brain reactions to second-order visual stimuli

Abstract The second-order visual mechanisms perform the operation of integrating the spatially distributed local visual information. Their organization is traditionally considered within the framework of the filter-rectify-filter model. These are the second-order filters that provide the ability to detect texture gradients. However, the question of the mechanisms' selectivity to the modulation dimension remains open. The aim of this investigation is to answer the above question by using visual evoked potentials (VEPs). Stimuli were textures consisting of staggered Gabor patches. The base texture was nonmodulated (NM). Three other textures represented the base texture which was sinusoidally modulated in different dimensions: contrast, orientation, or spatial frequency. EEG was recorded with 20 electrodes. VEPs of 500 ms duration were obtained for each of the four textures. After that, VEP to the NM texture was subtracted from VEP to each modulated texture. As a result, three different waves (d-waves) were obtained for each electrode site. Each d-wave was then averaged across all the 48 observers. The revealed d-waves have a latency of about 200 ms and, in our opinion, reflect the second-order filters reactivation through the feedback connection. The d-waves for different modulation dimensions were compared with each other in time, amplitude, topography, and localization of the sources of activity that causes the d-wave (with sLORETA). We proceeded from the assumption that the d-wave (its first component) represents functioning of the second-order visual mechanisms and activity changes at the following processing stages. It was found that the d-waves for different modulation dimensions significantly differ in all parameters. The obtained results indicate that the spatial modulations of different texture parameters caused specific changes in the brain activity, which could be evidence supporting the specificity of the second-order visual mechanisms to modulation dimension.
Proliferation and Osteoblastic Differentiation of hMSCs on Cellulose-Based Hydrogels

Purpose The aim of this project was to study the proliferation and differentiation of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) onto a cellulose-based hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. Methods Modified-cellulose hydrogel was prepared via double esterification crosslinking using citric acid. The response of hMSCs in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation into osteoblastic phenotype was evaluated by using Alamar blue™ assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Results The results showed that CMCNa and CMCNa_CA have no negative effect on hMSC, adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, the increase of the ALP expression for CMCNa_CA confirms the ability of the hydrogels to support the osteoblastic differentiation. Conclusions The cellulose-based hydrogels have a potential application as filler in bone tissue regeneration.
Atomistic numerical study of molecular-beam-epitaxial growth kinetics.

We report on the results of a stochastic Monte Carlo simulation study of molecular-beam epitaxial-growth dynamics with particular emphasis on the role of atomistic kinetic processes on crystal-growth quality. Using a model that goes beyond the standard solid-on-solid approximation and allows for vacancies and overhangs, we investigate the effect of bulk vacancies on the growth dynamics. Based on our simulation results, we discuss the role of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) intensity oscillations in determining the growth quality and the interplay between the growth rate and the various intrinsic kinetic rates
Sources for isolation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) producing bacterial strains which are capable of using wastewater sludge as solo substrate

ABSTRACT Isolation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) producing bacterial strains capable of using sludge as low-cost growth substrate was carried out in this study. A total of 110 EPS-producing strains were isolated from different sources, which include sludge of beer and winery wastewater treatment plant (WWTP); young, 2-month-old and 10-year-old leachate. Thirty-seven isolated strains showed good growth in sludge medium with cell count varying from 106 to 1010 most probable number (MPN)/mL and total EPS concentration from 2737 to 6639 mg/L. Twenty-one strains produced EPS with high flocculation activity (FAmax varied from 72.0% to 80.2%). The highest FAmax (80.2%) was observed with EPS produced by strain BES 19, which was isolated from sludge of beer WWTP. Sludge of beer WWTP, young leachate and 10-year-old leachate were good sources for isolation of EPS-producing bacteria.
The Advanced Computing Systems Association Smartcard Integration with Kerberos V5 Smartcard Integration with Kerberos V5

We describe our design and implementation of smartcard integration with Kerberos V5. Au-thentication is among the most important a p-plications for smartcards and is one of the critical requirements for computer security. By augmenting Kerberos V5 with tamper-resistant hardware, we enhance the security of Kerberos V5 and ooer a potential killer application" leading to wider adoption of smartcard technology .
Novel Bacterial Lineages at the (Sub)Division Level as Detected by Signature Nucleotide-Targeted Recovery of 16S rRNA Genes from Bulk Soil and Rice Roots of Flooded Rice Microcosms

ABSTRACT Using a newly developed 16S rRNA gene (rDNA)-targeted PCR assay with proposed group specificity for planctomycetes, we examined anoxic bulk soil of flooded rice microcosms for the presence of novel planctomycete-like diversity. For comparison, oxic rice roots were included as an additional sample in this investigation. The bacterial diversity detectable by this PCR assay was assessed by using a combined approach that included terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis and comparative sequence analysis of cloned 16S rDNA. T-RFLP fingerprint patterns generated from rice roots contained 12 distinct terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs). In contrast, the T-RFLP fingerprint patterns obtained from the anoxic bulk soil contained 33 distinct T-RFs, a clearly higher level of complexity. A survey of 176 bulk soil 16S rDNA clone sequences permitted correlation of 20 T-RFs with phylogenetic information. The other 13 T-RFs remained unidentified. The predominant T-RFs obtained from rice roots could be assigned to members of the genus Pirellulawithin the Planctomycetales, while most of the T-RFs obtained from the bulk soil corresponded to novel lines of bacterial descent. Using a level of 16S rDNA sequence dissimilarity to cultured microorganisms of approximately 20% as a threshold value, we detected 11 distinct bacterial lineages for which pure-culture representatives are not known. Four of these lineages could be assigned to the orderPlanctomycetales, while one lineage was affiliated with the division Verrucomicrobia and one lineage was affiliated with the spirochetes. The other five lineages either could not be assigned to any of the main lines of bacterial descent or clearly expanded the known diversity of division level lineages WS3 and OP3. Our results indicate the presence of bacterial diversity at a subdivision and/or division level that has not been detected previously by the so-called universal 16S rDNA PCR assays.
Compact hairpin resonator bandpass filters with dual-band response and wide upper stopband

Compact bandpass filters are devised with a dual-passband response and a wide upper stopband based on hairpin resonators with three shunt open stubs; one is tapped at its center and the other two are allocated on both sides symmetrically. By adjusting the stub lengths, all resonators are designed to have two identical leading resonant frequencies but different higher-order ones. To enhance the rejection level and extend the upper stopband, the transmission zeros created by the tap structures and the coupled-line stages are used to eliminate the remaining leading unwanted peaks. In addition, a method for reducing the radiation loss in upper stopband is investigated. Measured results show that the fifth-order filter has a rejection level below 30 dB can be extended to six times the first frequency. Good agreement between measured and simulation is obtained.
Gonadotrope responsiveness in orchidectomized sheep: effect of duration of a simulated follicular phase.

The effect of duration of a simulated follicular phase on gonadotrope responsiveness was assessed in orchidectomized sheep (wethers). The oestrogenic and hypothalamic inputs characteristic of the ovine follicular phase were simulated by continuous infusion of oestradiol (5 micrograms h-1 in 10% (v/v) ethanol saline) and circhoral delivery of GnRH (200 ng per hourly pulse) for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 or 96 h (n = 6 wethers per group). Responsiveness increased (P < 0.05) with increasing duration of simulated follicular phase. In a second experiment, responsiveness was assessed 96 h after initiation of infusion of oestradiol in wethers receiving hourly pulses of GnRH or saline. Concurrent administration of GnRH reduced (P < 0.05) the magnitude of the oestradiol-induced increase in gonadotrope responsiveness. In a companion study, anterior pituitary tissue was collected 96 h after the start of infusion of oestradiol and circhoral delivery of GnRH or saline. Pituitary stores of LH and tissue concentrations of GnRH receptor and mRNA encoding the GnRH receptor were increased (P < 0.05) by oestradiol infusion. The magnitude of these oestradiol-induced responses was not affected (P > 0.05) by concurrent GnRH treatment. Tissue concentrations of FSH and mRNA encoding the FSH beta subunit were decreased (P < 0.05) by oestradiol infusion. This suppressive effect of oestradiol was not reversed by GnRH. These results indicate that oestradiol stimulation, but not concurrent delivery of GnRH, is essential for full expression of surge-like secretion of LH. In addition, the oestradiol-induced increase in gonadotrope responsiveness during the simulated follicular phase is sustained throughout the period of oestradiol delivery.
Positive and negative gustatory inputs affect Drosophila lifespan partly in parallel to dFOXO signaling

Significance The ability of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans to taste or smell can influence its lifespan, and the effect of odors on lifespan has also been shown to exist in the fruit fly Drosophila. Now we provide evidence that fly lifespan is also affected by its ability to taste: some taste inputs shorten lifespan, whereas others increase it. In flies, the lifespan-shortening taste inputs act via an insulin-like signaling pathway and its downstream transcription factor dFOXO, whereas the lifespan-lengthening taste inputs can act independently of this pathway. The taste influence on lifespan is also unlikely linked to changes in food intake levels. Thus, different taste inputs will affect lifespan through more than one mechanism. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a subset of gustatory neurons, as well as olfactory neurons, shortens lifespan, whereas a different subset of gustatory neurons lengthens it. Recently, the lifespan-shortening effect of olfactory neurons has been reported to be conserved in Drosophila. Here we show that the Drosophila gustatory system also affects lifespan in a bidirectional manner. We find that taste inputs shorten lifespan through inhibition of the insulin pathway effector dFOXO, whereas other taste inputs lengthen lifespan in parallel to this pathway. We also note that the gustatory influence on lifespan does not necessarily depend on food intake levels. Finally, we identify the nature of some of the taste inputs that could shorten versus lengthen lifespan. Together our data suggest that different gustatory cues can modulate the activities of distinct signaling pathways, including different insulin-like peptides, to promote physiological changes that ultimately affect lifespan.
A review on prediction and diagnosis of heart failure

Rapid growth is seen in health care services over the past few years. Heart disease causes millions of death worldwide. Many wireless communication technologies have been developed for heart disease prediction. Data mining algorithms are very useful in the detection and diagnosis of heart disease. In this paper, survey is carried out on several single and hybrid data mining algorithms in order to identify the algorithm that best suits the heart disease prediction with high level of accuracy.
Asbestos-induced Disruption of Calcium Homeostasis Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Macrophages*

Background: Macrophages are important cells in fibrotic diseases. Results: Chrysotile increases cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) and induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in macrophages in a Ca2+-dependent manner. ER stress is found in alveolar macrophages from fibrotic lungs. Conclusion: Chrysotile triggers ER Ca2+ leak and induces ER stress in macrophages. Significance: Macrophages undergo ER stress, which may contribute to pulmonary fibrosis. Although the mechanisms for fibrosis development remain largely unknown, recent evidence indicates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) may act as an important fibrotic stimulus in diseased lungs. ER stress is observed in lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this study we evaluated if ER stress and the UPR was present in macrophages exposed to chrysotile asbestos and if ER stress in macrophages was associated with asbestos-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Macrophages exposed to chrysotile had elevated transcript levels of several ER stress genes. Macrophages loaded with the Ca2+-sensitive dye Fura2-AM showed that cytosolic Ca2+ increased significantly within minutes after chrysotile exposure and remained elevated for a prolonged time. Chrysotile-induced increases in cytosolic Ca2+ were partially inhibited by either anisomycin, an inhibitor of passive Ca2+ leak from the ER, or 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxyl)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA-AM), an intracellular Ca2+ chelator known to deplete ER Ca2+ stores. Anisomycin inhibited X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA splicing and reduced immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP) levels, whereas BAPTA-AM increased XBP1 splicing and BiP expression, suggesting that ER calcium depletion may be one factor contributing to ER stress in cells exposed to chrysotile. To evaluate ER stress in vivo, asbestos-exposed mice showed fibrosis development, and alveolar macrophages from fibrotic mice showed increased expression of BiP. Bronchoalveolar macrophages from asbestosis patients showed increased expression of several ER stress genes compared with normal subjects. These findings suggest that alveolar macrophages undergo ER stress, which is associated with fibrosis development.
Passive in Icelandic – compared to Mainland Scandinavian

En grammaire traditionnelle et dans les theories linguistiques modernes, le passif a beaucoup ete etudie selon une meme direction : les modifications des relations structurales impliquees par la passivation, telles que la promotion de l'objet a la position subjectale. Les langues ont differentes possibilites pour exprimer structurellement ces modifications au niveau des fonctions syntaxiques. L'auteur critique le fait que les theories grammaticales s'interessent plus a l'aspect formel de ce phenomene alors qu'aucune attention n'est pas reellement portee a sa complexite formelle. C'est pourquoi l'auteur se penche sur l'aspect fonctionnel de la passivation en integrant a son domaine d'etude les proprietes diathetiques et fonctionnelles. Selon lui, un tel modele est necessaire pour rendre compte de la diversite des constructions passives dans les langues scandinaves. En particulier, l'islandais presente une grande diversite quant a ses possibilites structurelles et interpretatives
Preliminary observations indicate that giant tortoise ingestion improves seed germination for an endemic ebony species in Mauritius

Native forest in Mauritius has been reduced to patchy degraded fragments and the extinction risk of constituent rare endemic plants is compounded by poor seed germination (Page & D’Argent, 1997; Safford, 1997; Nyhagen et al., 2005). Endemic fruiting plants evolved alongside a number of ecologically important large frugivores that are now extinct, such as the dodo (Raphus cucullatus L.) and two species of giant tortoises (Geochelone inepta Günther and Geochelone triserrata Günther). Seed adaptations required to survive frugivore ingestion intact, such as a thickened seed coat, may in turn prevent germination if the seed is not ingested (Temple, 1977) and result in varying levels of dependency upon ingestion for germination. It is suggested that contemporary poor germination results from partial dependence on ingestion by these extinct frugivores. The giant tortoise has been shown to be an effective disperser of viable seeds on Aldabra in the Indian Ocean (Hnatiuk, 1978) and seed germination of a tomato variety in the Galapagos is dependent on giant tortoise ingestion (Rick & Bowman, 1961). No study to date, however, has investigated whether giant tortoise ingestion influences the germination success of seeds of endemic Mauritian plant species. Preliminary experimental results are presented here on the effects of tortoise ingestion on seed germination, using the endemic Mauritian ebony Diospyros egrettarum Richardson and – as an analogue for the extinct Mauritian tortoises – the Aldabra giant tortoise Geochelone gigantea Schweigger. Materials and methods
Comparative Analysis of Various Domino Logic Circuits for Improvement of Power and Delay Calculation

The urge of high performance and dynamic functionalities in an integrated circuit has led to aggressive technology scaling over the years. The supply voltage (VDD), device threshold voltage (Vth) and the device geometry are expected to be scaled further with this trend. Which results in reducing the short channel effects and increased transistor OFFstate current (IOFF). Additionally leakage currents, higher operating frequency and on die transistor count will lead to increase in total power dissipation. Dynamic logic technique is preferred over static logic technique for the higher performance circuit due to lesser delay which enhances the speed of the circuit and overall capacitance is low compare to CMOS which reduces the power consumption. In this paper we have calculate the Average power consumption and delay of various domino circuits provided with 8 input OR gate, comparison of power, delay, and Unit Noise Gain (UNG) of different topologies. The simulation is performed in HSPICE at 65nm and 45nm process technology with supply voltage 1V and 0.9V and operating temperature of 270 C at 100 MHz for fair comparison of results. We have also calculated the power consumption and delay with the variation of keeper ratio in all the existing technique at 65nm and 45nm process technology.