Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Fabric Structural Attributes on Their Aerodynamic Behavior

The aerodynamic properties of 15 knitted fabrics of varying cover factor, yarn, and fiber compositions were investigated for their aerodynamic properties on circular cylinders in a wind tunnel. Measurements of the drag force, pressure distribution, and the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique were used in order to obtain a better understanding of the effects of yarn, fiber composition, cover factor, and elastic deformation on the flow field and drag coefficient. It was clearly demonstrated from the drag force measurements that the yarn construction and fiber composition have a substantial effect on the drag coefficient (CD), with fabrics composed of spun yarn experiencing no CD-drop as opposed to those composed of filament yarn, and being almost unaffected by the cover factor in the range of Reynolds numbers investigated. Hairiness of the spun yarn was found to minimise the drag-reducing effect of the boundary layer transition and increase the trans-critical drag. The hairy surface layer also appeared to retard the turbulent boundary layer as almost no pressure recovery was observed prior to separation on the cylinder model. The effect of elastic deformation was investigated by image analysis of scanned textile samples, and demonstrated that surface roughness might not be directly correlated to cover factor when the fabrics are stretched. Different elastic behavior of fabrics with different cover factors was also found to affect the structure of the knit surface and thus their aerodynamic behavior. The onset of drag crisis found in drag measurements confirmed the deviation from a sequence determined solely by cover factor.
Tooth-implant and implant supported fixed partial dentures: a 10-year report.

PURPOSE The use of implants for prosthetic rehabilitation of partially edentulous patients is increasing. However, the possibilities of placing implants in the posterior part of the mandible are often limited. The purpose of this longitudinal study with 10 years of follow-up was to evaluate the use of short implants supporting fixed partial dentures (FPD) in the posterior part of the mandible, and to compare implant supported FPDs to tooth-implant supported FPDs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The patient material comprised 23 patients with residual mandibular anterior teeth, and each patient received FPDs unilaterally. On one side the FPD was supported by two implants, and on the other side by one implant and one tooth, thus permitting intraindividual comparison. The distribution of the two types of FPDs in each jaw was randomized. Implant success rates, marginal bone changes, and mechanical complications were studied. RESULTS The tooth-implant connection did not demonstrate any negative influences on the overall success rates for the 10-year period, nor were the shorter implants found to be less favorable. CONCLUSION It is suggested that a prosthetic construction supported by both a tooth and an implant may be recommended as a predictable and reliable treatment alternative in the posterior mandible.
Detection of active, potentially acetate-oxidizing syntrophs in an anaerobic digester by flux measurement and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) expression profiling.

Syntrophic oxidation of acetate, so-called reversed reductive acetogenesis, is one of the most important degradation steps in anaerobic digesters. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of the micro-organisms involved. Here we investigated the activity and composition of potentially acetate-oxidizing syntrophs using a combinatorial approach of flux measurement and transcriptional profiling of the formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) gene, an ecological biomarker for reductive acetogenesis. During the operation of a thermophilic anaerobic digester, volatile fatty acids were mostly depleted, suggesting a high turnover rate for dissolved H(2), and hydrogenotrophic methanogens were the dominant archaeal members. Batch cultivation of the digester microbiota with (13)C-labelled acetate indicated that syntrophic oxidation accounted for 13.1-21.3 % of methane production from acetate. FTHFS genes were transcribed in the absence of carbon monoxide, methoxylated compounds and inorganic electron acceptors other than CO(2), which is implicated in the activity of reversed reductive acetogenesis; however, expression itself does not distinguish whether biosynthesis or biodegradation is functioning. The mRNA- and DNA-based terminal RFLP and clone library analyses indicated that, out of nine FTHFS phylotypes detected, the FTHFS genes from the novel phylotypes I-IV in addition to the known syntroph Thermacetogenium phaeum (i.e. phylotype V) were specifically expressed. These transcripts arose from phylogenetically presumed homoacetogens. The results of this study demonstrate that hitherto unidentified phylotypes of homoacetogens are responsible for syntrophic acetate oxidation in an anaerobic digester.
Evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of pyrethroid insecticide resistance in the malaria vector species of the Anopheles gambiae complex.

A published polymerase chain reaction assay proved reliable for detecting nerve-insensitivity (kdr-type) resistant and susceptible alleles to the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin in the malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis and the nonvector species An. quadriannulatus. The assay detects pyrethroid susceptible and resistance alleles mediated by a mutation in region II of the para-type sodium channel gene, showing that resistance is conferred by pyrethroid target site insensitivity. Analysis of results of the assay suggests that more than 1 mechanism conferring pyrethroid resistance is operating in an An. gambiae s.s. strain from Côte d'Ivoire. The value of the assay as a tool for monitoring this mode of insecticide resistance in wild populations is discussed.
Single-pole multiple-throw waveguide switch for twelve output ports (SP12T)

This paper addresses the design of a single-pole multiple-throw (SP12T) switch with twelve output ports in waveguide technology. The cumbersome and bulky routing waveguide networks required to deal with large number of ports in waveguide switches are reduced to a very compact structure that uses ridge waveguide junctions. The switch concept is provided by short circuit elements inside the ridge waveguides that select the signal path inside the waveguide structure. This concept avoids the use of complex rotary systems to provide path switching, resulting in an extremely compact network. A SP12T waveguide switch is built and tested to validate the concept. The fabricated prototype integrates the transitions to SMA outputs and metallic posts for the short-circuit elements. The experimental results show that the proposed approach provides a very compact structure, with design parameters that can be optimized depending on the targeted application.
The major iron-containing protein of Legionella pneumophila is an aconitase homologous with the human iron-responsive element-binding protein

Legionella pneumophila has high iron requirements, and its intracellular growth in human monocytes is dependent on the availability of intracellular iron. To learn more about iron metabolism in L. pneumophila, we have undertaken an analysis of the iron proteins of the bacterium. We first developed an assay to identify proteins by 59Fe labelling and nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The assay revealed seven iron proteins (IPs) with apparent molecular weights of 500, 450, 250, 210, 150, 130, and 85. IP150 comigrates with superoxide dismutase activity and is probably the Fe-superoxide dismutase of L. pneumophila. IP210 is the major iron-containing protein (MICP). To identify and characterize MICP, we purified the protein and cloned and sequenced its gene. MICP is a monomeric protein containing 891 amino acids, and it has a calculated molecular mass of 98,147 Da. Analysis of the sequence revealed that MICP has two interesting homologies. First, MICP is highly homologous with the human iron-responsive element-binding protein, consistent with the hypothesis that this critical iron-regulatory molecule of humans has a prokaryotic ancestor. Second, MICP is highly homologous with the Escherichia coli aconitase and to a lesser extent with porcine heart mitochondrial aconitase. Consistent with this, we found that MICP exhibits aconitase activity. In contrast to other aconitases, MICP has a single amino acid change of a potentially deleterious type at a site thought to be critical for substrate binding and enzymatic activity. However, the specific activity of MICP is roughly comparable to that of other aconitases, suggesting that the mutation has at most a mild effect on the aconitase activity of MICP. The abundance of MICP in L. pneumophila suggests either that L. pneumophila requires high aconitase and perhaps tricarboxylic acid cycle activity or that the bacterium requires large amounts of this protein to serve an additional role in bacterial physiology. A need for large amounts of MICP, which contains four Fe atoms per molecule when fully loaded, could at least partly explain L. pneumophila's high metabolic requirement for iron.
Contrast enhancement in microscopy of human thyroid tumors by means of acousto-optic adaptive spatial filtering

Abstract. We report a method for edge enhancement in the images of transparent samples using analog image processing in coherent light. The experimental technique is based on adaptive spatial filtering with an acousto-optic tunable filter in a telecentric optical system. We demonstrate processing of microscopic images of unstained and stained histological sections of human thyroid tumor with improved contrast.
Internet Topology Modeling which Reflects Hierarchical and Dynamic Characteristics of Internet

Studies on algorithm or policy in Internet require experiments on the real large-scale network. But they have difficulties in control or collecting data, and required high cost. So, many researchers use simulations on the Internet topology model instead of them. Most researches of Internet topology use network topology models which reflect characteristics of real network. Therefore studies on network topology models which exactly reflect characteristics of Internet are very important. Internet grows and expands over time. In the real Internet, domains or routers can be created, deleted and even change their locations. So, Internet topology models which reflect dynamic characteristics of Internet are necessary. We propose new topology model which reflect hierarchical and dynamic characteristics of Internet and analysis its performance through simulations
Social, cognitive, behavioural and neighbourhood characteristics associated with sedentary time in men and women living in deprived neighbourhoods

Abstract Multiple individual and neighbourhood characteristics are theorised to influence adult sedentary behaviour. The aim of this study was to examine associations between individual and neighbourhood-level characteristics in 40 deprived neighbourhoods in London, UK. A cross-sectional design was utilised with baseline data from the Well London Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial in 40 deprived neighbourhoods in London. Multilevel linear regression was used to examine associations between individual characteristics (measured by household survey), neighbourhood characteristics (neighbourhood audit, GIS and routinely available datasets) and sedentary behaviour (sitting time). Individual-level positive mental well-being and health behaviours were associated with sedentary time. Individual-level social networks were associated with decreased sedentary time in men and increased sedentary time in women. Neighbourhood-level measures of social networks and perceived neighbourhood quality were associated with reduced sedentary time. Fifteen per cent of the variance in sedentary time was attributable to differences at the neighbourhood level (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.15). These findings suggest that social networks at the individual and neighbourhood levels, collective perceptions of neighbourhood quality, individual-level positive mental well-being and other health behaviours may be important components of interventions developed to reduce sedentary time in deprived populations.
An inter-laboratory retrospective analysis of immunotoxicological endpoints in non-human primates: Flow cytometry immunophenotyping

Abstract Non-human primates may be the only relevant species for pharmacology or toxicology studies of certain biologics, due to lack of activity in other species. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping is often included as a minimally invasive adjunct to standard toxicity testing. A retrospective inter-laboratory analysis was conducted to assess counts and variability of the main cell types monitored in toxicity studies, and to provide guidance for conduct and interpretation of immunophenotyping assessments in cynomolgus monkeys. Univariate and multivariate models were developed. Study design factors influencing cell counts and variability were identified and a power analysis was performed. Pre-study and on-study counts were generally similar; longitudinal analysis showed little drift in mean counts or within-animal variability over time. Within-animal variability was lower than inter-animal variability. Gender was associated with small but significant differences in mean counts and variability. Age was associated with significant differences in variability. Immunophenotype definitions were associated with significant differences in mean counts and within-animal variability for most cell types. Power analysis for groups of 6–8 animals showed that differences of ≈50% in counts of T-cells, T-cell subsets, and B-cells compared to pre-treatment values may be detected; for NK cells and monocytes, differences of ≈60–90% may be detected. This review yields some general points to consider for immunophenotyping studies, i.e. (a) analysis of log-transformed cell count data and comparisons using each animal as its own reference will improve ability to detect changes, (b) the magnitude of change detectable given study group size should be considered, (c) multiplication of sampling timepoints during a study seems unnecessary, (d) consideration should be given to using only one gender, when applicable, to increase power while minimizing animal usage, and (e) the choice of immunophenotype has impacts on cell counts and variability.
Methodology and utility of a job-exposure matrix.

We have previously reported a study in which a job-exposure matrix was applied to census data, identifying, e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and creosote as increasing the risk of urothelial cancer. In this article, we expand on some theoretical issues, and present detailed accounts of constructed linkages for PCBs, creosote, and phenols. For agents of interest, one should emphasize the positive predictive value rather than the sensitivity in the construction of the matrix. The reverse is true for confounding factors; to avoid residual confounding after restriction to subjects unexposed for the confounding factors, one should emphasize sensitivity, possibly compromising the positive predictive value. This discrepancy between agents of interest and confounding factors may limit the application of a general matrix for studying several different diseases. The construction of the matrix is much harder, if sensitivity rather than positive predictive value is emphasized for an agent. Confounding from industry-related agents arises due to a true mixed exposure in certain work tasks, but also due to a gross classification of occupations in the census. One should not confuse different levels of the positive predictive value with exposure dose. A "dose-response" with different levels of positive predictive value reflects an accuracy of the matrix, not a biological phenomenon. Studies with exposure information from a job-exposure matrix applied to registers with scant information on occupation and industry may be warranted for exposures and diseases for which previous studies with a detailed documentation of exposure have low precision.
Recent mobile health interventions to support medication adherence among HIV-positive MSM

Purpose of review We describe recent mobile health (mHealth) interventions supporting antiretroviral therapy (ART) medication adherence among HIV-positive MSM. Recent findings Keyword searches (1 January 2016–13 May 2017) identified 721 citations. Seven publications reporting on six studies met inclusion criteria. Five studies focused on MSM. Interventions primarily employed text messaging (n = 4), whereas two focused on smartphone apps and one on social media. Three studies measured intervention impact on adherence and found increased ART use intentions (n = 1), self-reported adherence (n = 1), and viral suppression (n = 1, no control group). Other mHealth interventions for HIV-positive MSM focused on status disclosure and reducing sexual risk. Summary mHealth interventions to support ART adherence among MSM show acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy. No recent mHealth interventions for MSM measured impact on viral suppression compared with a control condition despite earlier (pre-2015) evidence for efficacy. Studies are underway that include multiple features designed to improve adherence within complex smartphone or internet-based platforms. Areas for future growth include overcoming measurement and engagement challenges, developing tools for coordinating patient and provider adherence data, testing combination interventions, and adapting efficacious interventions for new languages and geographic settings.
Comparative analysis of efficiency valuation in agriculture: excess return approach.

The article deals with the efficiency measurement in agriculture and selected economic activities and its comparative analysis through the approach of excess return. The excess return means returns in excess of the risk-free rate of interest. The efficiency is measured using the Sharpe ratio, which is a measure of the excess return per unit of risk. The Sharpe ratio, also known as reward-to-variability ratio, is broadly used to evaluate the efficiency of financial investments. The author of the article uses this method to evaluate business investments by types of economic activities. To calculate the performance, the excess return is divided by the stan-dard deviation representing a total risk measure and the standard deviation representing the business risk measure.
Sequential parylene lift-off process for selective patterning of biological materials

This paper describes a method of selective patterning of various types of biological materials with parylene lift-off process. Multiple parylene thin sheets with a microhole array were formed on a glass substrate, and were then sequentially peeled off during the pattering process. Using this method we have achieved high density patterning of different kinds of beads, lipids and proteins on the same substrate, respectively. We have also patterned proteins on a parylene sheet, and rolled up the sheet to a cylindrical structure as a demonstration of 3D protein chips.
Research of multi-satellite synchronous orbit determination based on serial integration

Great resources of monitoring and control have been saved in orbit determination for satellite constellation based on satellite-to-satellite and earth-to-satellite tracking, the tracking would have broad application prospects in future constellation and rendezvous and docking of manned space vehicle. The key technologies in multi-satellite precision orbit determination with inter-satellite-link (ISL) are described in the paper. Inter-satellite-link measuring model is established, and precise orbit determination method for multi-satellites and its corresponding formula partial derivative are proposed in the article. The orbit determination software programming is simplified, and clears the multi-satellite and multi-arc orbit determination process, then applies to satellite constellation YaoGan-9. Through the actual task tracking, results show that the method can completely meet the multi-satellite orbit determination application requirement based on earth-to-satellite and satellite-to-satellite tracking.
TRAJECTORY LEARNING BASED ON CONDITIONAL RANDOM FIELDS FOR ROBOT PROGRAMMING BY DEMONSTRATION

This work presents an approach for implementation of conditional random fields (CRF) in transferring motor skills to robots. As a discriminative probabilistic model, CRF models directly the conditional probability distribution over label sequences for given observation sequences. Hereby, CRF was employed for segmentation and labeling of a set of demonstrated trajectories observed by a tracking sensor. The key points obtained by CRF segmentation of the demonstrations were used for generating a generalized trajectory for the task reproduction. The approach was evaluated by simulations of two industrial manufacturing applications.
Proteomic investigation of glucose metabolism in the butyrate‐producing gut anaerobe Fusobacterium varium

A proteome survey and MS analysis were conducted to investigate glucose metabolism in Fusobacterium varium, a butyrate‐producing constituent of the indigenous human gut microflora. The bacterium was capable of catabolizing glucose as the main energy source via the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway. 2‐DE analyses revealed that the apparent concentrations of the six identified glycolytic enzymes (pyruvate kinase, enolase, glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate kinase, triosephosphate isomerase, and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase) were specifically increased in response to the presence of glucose in the chemically defined minimal growth medium, and did not diminish when the medium was additionally supplemented with L‐glutamate, an amino acid readily fermented by members of the Fusobacterium genus. A substrate pool depletion study revealed that the sugar, and not the amino acid, is the more efficient growth substrate. Both proteomics and substrate pool depletion studies revealed that F. varium can simultaneously utilize both glucose and L‐glutamate as energy sources. Enzymes involved in L‐glutamate metabolism were also identified, including an NAD‐dependent glutamate dehydrogenase and two enzymes of the methylaspartate pathway of L‐glutamate catabolism (glutamate mutase and methylaspartate ammonia‐lyase). Their apparent intracellular concentrations were elevated when the bacterium was cultured in media supplemented with excess L‐glutamate. Our observation that the apparent concentrations of specific proteins were elevated in response to a particular growth substrate supplied as an energy source provides the first evidence for the presence of a nutrient‐responsive mechanism governing intracellular protein concentration in F. varium.