Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digitalization and school leadership: on the complexity of leading for digitalization in school

Purpose Digitalization has permeated society and schools. In this process, focus has turned to the importance of school leaders in their leadership for digitalization. The purpose of this paper is to explore how school leaders understand digitalization and the digital competencies needed in leading for digitalization in Swedish schools. Design/methodology/approach Open questions from reflective learning journals (n=32) and interviews (n=8) conducted with school leaders were used to explore how school leaders understand digitalization and the digital competencies needed in leading for digitalization. Findings The findings show that school leaders see digitalization as a wide and complex concept including technical, pedagogical, administrational and organizational challenges at all levels of the school organization. Practical implications It appears that the role of the school leader, as a complex task, has become more complex as a result of digitalization. How time, resources and professional development are made available to support school leaders in their work with leadership for digitalization in order to support teachers’ and students’ learning. Originality/value This paper contributes to the area of school leadership and digitalization. The research contribution is of interest for school leaders and school organizers striving to implement and advance digitalization in schools. This also concerns the prioritization of digitalization as one of many important areas in schools as organizations.
Choice of surgical technique influences perioperative outcomes in liver transplantation.

OBJECTIVE To examine how the choice of surgical technique influenced perioperative outcomes in liver transplantation. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA The standard technique of orthotopic liver transplantation with venovenous bypass (VVB) is commonly used to facilitate hemodynamic stability. However, this traditional procedure is associated with unique complications that can be avoided by using the technique of liver resection without caval excision (the piggyback technique). METHODS A prospective comparison of the two procedures was conducted in 90 patients (34 piggyback and 56 with VVB) during a 2.5-year period. Although both groups had similar donor and recipient demographic characteristics, posttransplant outcomes were significantly better for the patients undergoing the piggyback technique. The effect of surgical technique was examined using a stepwise approach that considered its impact on two levels of perioperative and postoperative events. RESULTS The analysis of the first level of perioperative events found that the piggyback procedure resulted in a 50% decrease in the duration of the anhepatic phase. The analysis of the second level of perioperative events found a significant relation between the anhepatic phase and the duration of surgery and between the anhepatic phase and the need for blood replacement. The analysis of the first level of postoperative events found that the intensive care unit stay was significantly related to both the duration of surgery and the need for blood replacement. The intensive care unit stay was in turn related to the second level of postoperative events, namely the length of hospital stay. Finally, total charges were directly related to length of hospital stay. The overall 1-year actuarial patient and graft survival rates were 94% in the piggyback and 96% in the VVB groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that surgical choices in complex procedures such as orthotopic liver transplantation trigger a chain of events that can significantly affect resource utilization. In the current healthcare climate, examination of the sequence of events that follow a specific treatment may provide a more complete framework for choosing between treatment alternatives.
Discontinuation of enterostomy tube feeding by behavioral treatment in early childhood: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether behavior therapy was more effective than nutritional therapy in obviating the need for enteral feeding in infants with resistance to feeding. STUDY DESIGN Sixty-four children aged 4 to 36 months who were tube fed for at least 1 month and had resistance to feeding were randomly assigned to either behavioral or nutritional interventions (32 per group). For 7 consecutive weeks subjects and their primary feeders attended a weekly clinic with 1 of 2 dietitians followed by 4 follow-up visits. The nutritional intervention provided structured schedules and routines to stimulate the hunger/satiety cycle. The behavioral intervention provided the same schedules and routines plus behavioral therapy (extinction). The primary outcome measure was the proportion of successes, defined as infants no longer requiring tube feeding at the third follow-up visit in each group (4(1/2) months after start of trial). The decision to discontinue tube feeding was made by an independent observer who used criteria defined before the study commencement. RESULTS Fifteen (47%) of 32 subjects in the behavioral group versus none in the nutritional group were successes (P <.001). CONCLUSION Behavior therapy is more efficacious in eliminating the need for tube feeding than nutritional counseling alone.
Transitive functional annotation by shortest-path analysis of gene expression data

Current methods for the functional analysis of microarray gene expression data make the implicit assumption that genes with similar expression profiles have similar functions in cells. However, among genes involved in the same biological pathway, not all gene pairs show high expression similarity. Here, we propose that transitive expression similarity among genes can be used as an important attribute to link genes of the same biological pathway. Based on large-scale yeast microarray expression data, we use the shortest-path analysis to identify transitive genes between two given genes from the same biological process. We find that not only functionally related genes with correlated expression profiles are identified but also those without. In the latter case, we compare our method to hierarchical clustering, and show that our method can reveal functional relationships among genes in a more precise manner. Finally, we show that our method can be used to reliably predict the function of unknown genes from known genes lying on the same shortest path. We assigned functions for 146 yeast genes that are considered as unknown by the Saccharomyces Genome Database and by the Yeast Proteome Database. These genes constitute around 5% of the unknown yeast ORFome.
Core Domains for Clinical Research in Acute Respiratory Failure Survivors: An International Modified Delphi Consensus Study

Objectives: To identify the “core domains” (i.e., patient outcomes, health-related conditions, or aspects of health) that relevant stakeholders agree are essential to assess in all clinical research studies evaluating the outcomes of acute respiratory failure survivors after hospital discharge. Design: A two-round consensus process, using a modified Delphi methodology, with participants from 16 countries, including patient and caregiver representatives. Prior to voting, participants were asked to review 1) results from surveys of clinical researchers, acute respiratory failure survivors, and caregivers that rated the importance of 19 preliminary outcome domains and 2) results from a qualitative study of acute respiratory failure survivors’ outcomes after hospital discharge, as related to the 19 preliminary outcome domains. Participants also were asked to suggest any additional potential domains for evaluation in the first Delphi survey. Setting: Web-based surveys of participants representing four stakeholder groups relevant to clinical research evaluating postdischarge outcomes of acute respiratory failure survivors: clinical researchers, clinicians, patients and caregivers, and U.S. federal research funding organizations. Subjects: None. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Survey response rates were 97% and 99% in round 1 and round 2, respectively. There were seven domains that met the a priori consensus criteria to be designated as core domains: physical function, cognition, mental health, survival, pulmonary function, pain, and muscle and/or nerve function. Conclusions: This study generated a consensus-based list of core domains that should be assessed in all clinical research studies evaluating acute respiratory failure survivors after hospital discharge. Identifying appropriate measurement instruments to assess these core domains is an important next step toward developing a set of core outcome measures for this field of research.
Instantaneous torque control of electric motor drives

In the control of adjustable speed drives, the performance of inexpensive digital integrated circuits is approaching the stage where traditional control algorithms may be displaced by newer algorithms that better exploit their speed and the functional capabilities of their software. This paper introduces the concept of “instantaneous torque control” as an objective worth pursuing in the application of such digital IC's to drive systems. Instantaneous torque control would in principle permit the fastest possible response and the elimination of torque ripple, along with many other advantages not possible with conventional control algorithms, most of which are set up to control a time-averaged torque. This paper develops some of the fundamental principles of instantaneous torque control for the switched reluctance motor, which is used as an example because, like the brushless dc permanent-magnet motor with concentrated windings, it has the potential for rapid response but it can have appreciable torque ripple with unfavorable firing angles. Neither of these machines satisfies the conditions for the existence of a reference-frame transformation that will eliminate the rotor position from the voltage and torque equations, and this opens up a number of interesting questions as to the generality of instantaneous torque control algorithms, and whether they can be incorporated into the general or unified theory of electrical machines.
In vivo and in vitro characteristic of HIF-1α and relative genes in ischemic femoral head necrosis.

BACKGROUND Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (Perthes' disease) is a childhood hip disorder initiated by ischemic necrosis of the growing femoral head. So far, the etiology and pathogenesis of Perthes' disease is poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Avascular osteonecrosis rat model was established to mimic the pathophysiological changes of femoral head necrosis. The chondrocytes of newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated and cultured in hypoxic and normoxic condition. The expression characteristic of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro models. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and apoptotic genes in chondrocytes treated with normoxia and hypoxia were also studied. RESULTS HIF-1α expression increased greatly after ischemic operation and kept at relative high level in the arthromeningitis stage and declined in the stages of osteonecrosis and reconstruction. The HIF-1α mRNA levels of chondrocytes incubated at hypoxia were significantly higher than the cells treated with normoxia at 24 and 72 hours. Hypoxia inhibited VEGF expression; chondrocytes could oppose this inhibition manifested by the increasing of VEGF mRNA level after 72 hours hypoxia. The expression of apoptotic genes, Casp3, Casp8 and Casp9, elevated in chondrocytes after hypoxia with time differences. CONCLUSION Hypoxia might be an etiological factor for femoral head necrosis, HIF-1α, VEGF as well as apoptotic genes participated the pathophysiological process of ischemic osteonecrosis.
Learning by Asking Questions

We introduce an interactive learning framework for the development and testing of intelligent visual systems, called learning-by-asking (LBA). We explore LBA in context of the Visual Question Answering (VQA) task. LBA differs from standard VQA training in that most questions are not observed during training time, and the learner must ask questions it wants answers to. Thus, LBA more closely mimics natural learning and has the potential to be more data-efficient than the traditional VQA setting. We present a model that performs LBA on the CLEVR dataset, and show that it automatically discovers an easy-to-hard curriculum when learning interactively from an oracle. Our LBA generated data consistently matches or outperforms the CLEVR train data and is more sample efficient. We also show that our model asks questions that generalize to state-of-the-art VQA models and to novel test time distributions.
Annexin A1 modulates natural and glucocorticoid‐induced resolution of inflammation by enhancing neutrophil apoptosis

This study aimed at assessing whether AnxA1, a downstream mediator for the anti‐inflammatory effects of GCs, could affect the fate of immune cells in tissue exudates, using LPS‐induced pleurisy in BALB/c mice. AnxA1 protein expression in exudates was increased during natural resolution, as seen at 48–72 h post‐LPS, an effect augmented by treatment with GC and associated with marked presence of apoptotic neutrophils in the pleural exudates. The functional relevance of AnxA1 was determined using a neutralizing antibody or a nonspecific antagonist at FPR/ALXRs: either treatment inhibited both spontaneous and GC‐induced resolution of inflammation. Injection of Ac2‐26 (100 μg, given 4 h into the LPS response), an AnxA1‐active N‐terminal peptide, promoted active resolution and augmented the extent of neutrophil apoptosis. Such an effect was prevented by the pan‐caspase inhibitor zVAD‐fmk. Mechanistically, resolution of neutrophilic inflammation was linked to cell apoptosis with activation of Bax and caspase‐3 and inhibition of survival pathways Mcl‐1, ERK1/2, and NF‐κB. These novel in vivo data, using a dynamic model of acute inflammation, provide evidence that AnxA1 is a mediator of natural and GC‐induced resolution of inflammation with profound effects on neutrophil apoptosis.
Improving the Objective Well Being of Productive Zakat Recipients by Applying Islamic Micro Finance in Baitul Mal Aceh, Indonesia

This study was aimed to identify the level of objective wellbeing of the productive zakat recipients in Baitul Mal Aceh Indonesia. A descriptive quantitative approach using an average score to measure the level of objective wellbeing was carried out. A total of 498 productive zakat recipients were involved in this study. The findings showed that the average level of objective well-being of the productive zakat recipient for six dimensions (economic, house, health, educational, vehicle and time) is still moderate. Even for age groups ≥64; the barber and low educated respondents are still at a lower level of objective wellbeing. Therefore, Baitul Mal Aceh needs to increase the amount of microloans together with the provision of business expertise and management courses to enhance the efficiency of objective wellbeing of productive zakat recipients.
Insulin Modulates the Inflammatory Granulocyte Response to Streptococci via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase

Group B streptococci (GBS; Streptococcus agalactiae) are a major cause of invasive infections in newborn infants and in patients with type 2 diabetes. Both patient groups exhibit peripheral insulin resistance and alterations in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PML) function. In this investigation, we studied the PML response repertoire to GBS with a focus on TLR signaling and the modulation of this response by insulin in mice and humans. We found that GBS-induced, MyD88-dependent chemokine formation of PML was specifically downmodulated by insulin via insulin receptor-mediated induction of PI3K. PI3K inhibited transcription of chemokine genes on the level of NF-κB activation and binding. Insulin specifically modulated the chemokine response of PML to whole bacteria, but affected neither activation by purified TLR agonists nor antimicrobial properties, such as migration, phagocytosis, bacterial killing, and formation of reactive oxygen species. The targeted modulation of bacteria-induced chemokine formation by insulin via PI3K may form a basis for the development of novel targets of adjunctive sepsis therapy.
Field and laboratory performance evaluation of SiR insulators in the eastern coastal area of Saudi Arabia

Majority of the high voltage transmission lines in Saudi Electricity Company-Eastern Region Branch (SEC-ERB) were constructed near coastal areas. The environmental conditions are unique due to combined desert and marine pollution with high ambient temperatures. Such conditions make insulator contamination flashovers the main concern to the electric utility. The insulators in this area are washed regularly to reduce their contamination flashovers even though the washing is very expensive. Therefore, it deemed necessary to search for an insulator of better pollution performance at low life cycle cost (LCC). As a part of comprehensive study, silicone rubber (SiR) insulators were installed in May 1996 on a 230 kV transmission line for trial of their performance in coastal area. Field and laboratory investigations were performed on SiR insulators. The test results provided better understanding of the SiR insulators aging phenomenon and confirmed their cost-effectiveness in polluted area.
Tricyclic antidepressants for preventing migraine in adults

Background: Migraine, ranked as the 7th-highest specific cause of disability worldwide, has caused an enormous burden on the economy and society. Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) is one of the most commonly drugs for migraine prevention. However, evidence about the efficacy and tolerability of TCAs in the prophylaxis of migraine in adults is somewhat confusing. Methods: A computerized literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases from inception to July 2016 was conducted. We reviewed all randomized controlled trials that assigned adults with a clinical diagnosis of migraine to TCAs or other treatments (placebo or other antidepressants). Reduction in migraine frequency or index and response rates to treatment were defined as the efficacy outcomes. Rates of dropout due to adverse effects were defined as the tolerability outcomes. Results: In total 12 trials consisting of 1006 participants were identified: 9 trials compared TCAs with placebo, and the other 3 compared amitriptyline with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). A significant advantage of TCAs compared with placebo in the prevention of migraine in adults was observed (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.05 to −.46; P < .00001). Participants receiving TCAs were more likely to experience an ≥50% reduction in their headache burden than those receiving placebo (risk ratio [RR] =1.40; 95% CI = 0.89–2.20; P = .14). In addition, the efficacy between amitriptyline and SSRIs or SNRIs did not differ for migraine prevention in adults (SMD = −.01; 95% CI = −0.31 to 0.28; P = .94) based on the available limited trials. However, TCAs were less well tolerated than placebo (RR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.00–2.99; P = .05) and SSRI or SNRI (RR = 2.85; 95% CI = 0.97–8.41; P = .06) on account of adverse events. Conclusions: This research reveals that TCAs were more effective than placebo, but no more than SSRI or SNRI in ameliorating the headache burden in adults with migraine. However, TCAs appeared to be less tolerated than placebo and SSRIs or SNRIs for some side effects.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology of cysticercosis in submandibular gland

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has emerged as simple, minimally invasive, low-cost, outpatient diagnostic modality for the evaluation of nodules caused by parasites. Cysticercosis is caused by larval stage of Taenia solium, pork tapeworm. It is endemic in Southeast Asia, Latin America and South Africa. We report a case of cysticercosis in a 25-year-old male who presented with painless swelling of submandibular gland which was diagnosed on FNAC. The patient was recommended antihelminthic therapy which resulted in complete resolution of the swelling.
Primary Care, Depression, and Anxiety: Exploring Somatic and Emotional Predictors of Mental Health Status in Adolescents

Introduction: A growing body of research points to regular, comprehensive mental health screening in primary care practices as an effective tool, but a thorough and efficient approach is not yet widely used. The purpose of this report is to describe the pattern of mental health–related concerns, protective and social risk factors reported by adolescents during routine well-child visits in primary care settings, and their occurrence among teens that screen positive for either depression or anxiety with brief validated measures. Methods: A personal digital assistant–based questionnaire was administered as part of clinical care to adolescents 11 to 18 years old (N = 2184) attending preventive well-child visits in 13 pediatric and family medicine primary care practices in a northern New England practice-based research network over 18 months (2008 to 2009). Depressive and anxiety-related symptoms were assessed using the 2-question versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, respectively. Analyses determined the role that the protective and social risk factors played in determining who screens positive for depression and anxiety. Results: In the fully adjusted model, risk factors that were significant (P < .05) predictors for a positive screen of depression included substance use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.05); stress (AOR, 3.59); anger (AOR, 1.94); and worries about family alcohol and drug use (AOR, 2.69). Among protective factors, that is, those that reduce the risk of depression, age (AOR, 0.87 for younger patients); having parents who listen (AOR, 0.34); and having more assets (AOR, 0.65) were significant. Significant predictors of screening positive for anxiety included substance use (AOR, 1.97); stress (AOR, 6.10); anger (AOR, 2.31); trouble sleeping (AOR, 1.75), and the sex of the adolescent (AOR, 1.87 for girls). Although having parents who listen was still a significant protective factor for anxiety (AOR, 2.26), other assets were not significant. Conclusions: Comprehensive primary care mental health screening that considers both anxiety and depression while including strength-based and psychosocial support questions is a helpful adjunct to clinical practices and has been done routinely by using an electronic tool at the point of care. Because certain common somatic and emotional concerns can precede depression and anxiety, routine screening for these issues along with depression and anxiety screening is suggested.
Reliable, server-friendly and bandwidth-efficient file delivery system using FLUTE server file format

The use of Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes is a classical solution to improve the reliability of multicast and broadcast transmissions in a packet erasure channel. However, FEC encoding on-the-fly increases the load of the server and it may decrease the overall performance of the file delivery system. This paper presents a reliable, server-friendly and bandwidth-efficient file delivery system using the server file format for File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE) protocol. The FLUTE server file format enables storage of pre-composed source symbols and pre-calculated FEC symbols into a media container file, so there is no need to source symbol construction and FEC encoding on-the-fly. Additionally, the actual transmission is controlled by file delivery hint tracks containing cookbook instructions that ease the encapsulation of source and FEC symbols into a transmittable packet stream.