Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beneath the Mask: An Introduction to Theories of Personality (3rd ed).

Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1987, Vol 32(9), 831. Reviews the book, Beneath the Mask: An Introduction to Theories of Personality (3rd ed) by Christopher F. Monte (see record 1987-97063-000). The author provides thorough reviews of most of the standard personality theories, with particular emphasis on the depth theories that penetrate “beneath the mask. ” Innovations include recent revisionist trends in psychoanalysis and a full account of radical behaviorism. The text appears to take a no-nonsense approach to exposition and does not sacrifice substance for style. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
Working together : Formal Methods and Testing

Formal methods and testing are two important approaches that assist in the development of high quality software. While traditionally these approaches have been seen as rivals, in recent years a new consensus has developed in which they are seen as complementary. This article reviews the state of the art regarding the ways in which formal methods and testing complement one another.
Effects of English Cued Speech on Speech Perception, Phonological Awareness and Literacy: A Case Study of a 9-Year-Old Deaf Boy Using a Cochlear Implant

Abstract Many studies have shown that French Cued Speech (CS) can enhance lipreading and the development of phonological awareness and literacy in deaf children but, as yet, there is little evidence that these findings can be generalized to English CS. This study investigated the possible effects of English CS on the speech perception, phonological awareness, and literacy skills of a 9-year-old boy, H.V. , who had been exposed to English CS from the age of 1 year and been fitted with a right-sided cochlear implant at 2:03 years. Scores in subtests of standardized assessments for phonological processing, reading, and spelling were in per centile ranks from 50 to 98. Speech perception was assessed in three conditions: auditory alone, audio-visual without CS (AV) and AV with CS (+CS). To hypothesize on the effects of CS on H.V. 's ability to identify English phonemes in novel words he was asked to perceive and write non-words with predictable spellings (e.g. drump) dictated live in the two AV conditions (without and with CS). There was a significant difference between his performance in the two conditions for this dictation test where he scored 100 per cent in the +CS condition and 50 per cent in the AV condition. This suggests CS was helping H.V. to perceive and store novel words and that this effect could have contributed to his development of vocabulary, phonological awareness, and literacy skills that were generally in advance of those expected for his age.
The impact of cognitive technologies: Towards a pragmatic approach

Technological advances have been an integral part of human development throughout history. In recent decades such advances have been dramatic in that many of the new technologies have quickly penetrated into activities in the daily life of ordinary people. In contrast to very specific technologies (such as in the medical domain, which are used by highly specialized experts and directly affect only those people who suffer from specific syndromes) new technologies are now deeply embedded in many everyday activities of virtually everyone. With the accelerated pace of technological innovation, predictions were made on how they may affect us. Past forecasts focused mainly on the external and technical impact of technology — e.g., how technology will take over many human activities. The concern was how we would cope with the increase in free leisure time as we were served more and more by technological devices that would do what we had previously done and that would be subservient to us and our needs (e.g., Dumazedier 1967), as well as with the reduced offer of employment (a perspective still on the agenda today; e.g., Rifkin 2004). However, such forecasts not only did not materialise, but in many respects, it is we who ended up subservient to technology, rather than it to us. What we propose to consider is technology's impact not so much in terms of the 'quantity' of work and time employed in a given activity, but rather in terms of the 'quality' or kind of the activity. For example, the routine tasks of a worker in a car assembly line now have transformed to operating, maintaining, and contributing to improve robotic systems that assemble the cars, and more workers are perhaps involved in design, marketing and administrative tasks. Viewed from this perspective, we think that technological innovations have not necessarily reduced the amount of 'work' but rather significantly changed the type of work performed by humans. In this respect, these innovations did not replace human labour, but introduced deep changes in its environment,
Organizational Design, Inertia and the Dynamics of Competitive Response

Organizational design research has largely ignored the effects of inertia on competitive response, despite the centrality of the concept in theories of organizational evolution. In evolutionary research, inertia is frequently invoked as an explanation for why organizations delay or completely fail to respond to changes in competitive pressure. Inertia is thus seen as a primary antecedent of strategic consequences such as impaired performance and organizational mortality. Such explanations, however, cannot be tested empirically without a satisfactory method for measuring levels of inertia. This paper draws on techniques from catastrophe theory to explore a means of assessing organizational inertia by modelling organizational response to competitive pressure. Specifically, this paper looks at competitive response in terms of the aggressiveness of an organization's strategy, and models this as a function of environmental pressure and the inhibiting or enabling effects of organizational design. This paper also reveals a method for measuring the level of inertia associated with organizational response to environmental pressure. The proposed methodology takes into account the rich, multidimensional nature of these constructs and accounts for effects that delay response in the face of radical change in competitive pressure. The method also captures both incremental and radical shifts in competitive response intensity. Key benefits of the methodology include the ability to measure inertia and to assess the effects of different design elements on this measure. It thus provides a means by which researchers can enrich their understanding of the antecedents of inertia and test its effects on such outcomes as performance and survival. Data from a savings and loan association illustrate the application of this methodology.
Drawing with the Non-dominant Hand: Implications for the Study of Construction

ABSTRACT: Background: Constructional impairment following left vs. right hemisphere damage has been extensively studied using drawing tasks. A confounding factor in these studies is that right-handed patients with left hemisphere damage (LHD) are often forced by weakness to use their non-dominant (left) hand or hemiparetic dominant hand. Qualitative differences in the drawing characteristics of left and right hand drawings by normal subjects have not previously been characterized. The present study was undertaken to determine the qualitative differences between left and right hand drawings of normal subjects. Methods: Thirty right-handed, elderly subjects without a history of neurological disease were asked to draw, from memory, seven objects using the right and left hand. Half of the subjects were randomly assigned to draw with the left hand first, and half the right hand first. Right and left hand drawings were compared using a standardized scoring system utilized in several previous studies of drawing in focal and diffuse neurological disease. Each drawing was scored on eighteen criteria. Right and left hand drawing scores were then compared using the t-test for paired samples or the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test Results: Drawings made using the left hand were found to be significantly simpler, more tremulous and of poorer overall quality than drawings made by the same subjects using the right hand. Conclusions: The deficits found in left versus right hand drawings of normals are similar to those found in patients with LHD, suggesting that much of the drawing impairment seen following LHD is due to an elementary motor disturbance related to use of the non-dominant hand.
Big Data from CT Scanning

Over 100-million of x-ray CT scans are performed worldwide each year. In most cases, a scan projection or sonogram data are discarded after images are read. This represents a huge waste of big data, and an opportunity to develop new methods for better image reconstruction and high dose efficiency. Here we present an initial attempt to archive, utilize and share big data from CT scanning. In this project, CT scans of several cadavers are used as examples. The data were collected at Massachusetts General Hospital at multiple different radiation dose levels for different x-ray spectra, and with representative reconstruction techniques. Hence, this database is more informative than others of this kind as prior knowledge to improve image reconstruction and image analysis, and reduce radiation dose.
4-Cyano-1-methylpyridinium bromide

In the crystal of the title molecular salt, C7H7N2 +·Br−, the cations form inversion dimers via weak pairwise C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds; their mean planes are separated by 0.292 (6) Å. Weak C—H⋯Br interactions involving all of the remaining H atoms tie the cations and anions together into sets of interpenetrating sheets. The title compound is isostructural with its iodide analogue.
Static Analysis of Implicit Control Flow: Resolving Java Reflection and Android Intents (T)

Implicit or indirect control flow is a transfer of control between procedures using some mechanism other than an explicit procedure call. Implicit control flow is a staple design pattern that adds flexibility to system design. However, it is challenging for a static analysis to compute or verify properties about a system that uses implicit control flow. This paper presents static analyses for two types of implicit control flow that frequently appear in Android apps: Java reflection and Android intents. Our analyses help to resolve where control flows and what data is passed. This information improves the precision of downstream analyses, which no longer need to make conservative assumptions about implicit control flow. We have implemented our techniques for Java. We enhanced an existing security analysis with a more precise treatment of reflection and intents. In a case study involving ten real-world Android apps that use both intents and reflection, the precision of the security analysis was increased on average by two orders of magnitude. The precision of two other downstream analyses was also improved.
Regional cerebral activity associated with the incidental processing of pseudo‐words

In order to study brain activity associated with “incidental” cognitive processing, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in six volunteers while they monitored a sequence of pseudo‐words (e.g., FLOPE) for the rare occasions when the letters were displayed in blue rather than white. In the control condition, the same pseudo‐word was presented repeatedly. In one experimental condition all 60 pseudo‐words were different, while in the other there were 18 repetitions. Although it was not necessary to “read” the pseudo‐words to perform the monitoring task, subsequent forced choice recognition memory for these stimuli was significantly greater than chance. Furthermore, there were significant differences in blood flow between the three conditions. When different pseudo‐words were presented there was significantly greater activity in brain areas concerned with shape and object identity (extrastriate cortex bilaterally), with visual word form (left inferior temporal gyrus), and with articulatory word form (Broca's area) even though none of this information about the pseudo‐words was needed for performance of the monitoring task. In the condition in which some of the words were repeated, there was significantly reduced activity in the right lingual gyrus. This area may therefore be a possible anatomical locus for repetition priming with verbal stimuli. These results indicate the importance of taking into account incidental processing when designing tasks for functional imaging experiments. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffraction synthesis and experimental verification of a quasi-optical power splitter at 150 GHz

A general and flexible synthesis method based on the physical optics approximation is proposed for computing smooth-surface reliefs of reflectors. As a design example, the method has been applied to a quasi-optical power splitter consisting of two reflectors in a dual-offset configuration that couples a launched beam from a pyramidal horn antenna into a 2/spl times/4 horn antenna array. The two reflectors were treated as diffractive phase elements so that the proposed synthesis method allows reflector designs for many applications. The quasi-optical design has been confirmed at 150 GHz utilizing a vector field measurement system. The measured field distribution in the receiving antenna array plane is compared with the simulated one and shows a very good agreement.
Managing Employees’ Motivation, Cognition, and Performance in Virtual Workplaces: The Blueprint of a Game-based Adaptive Performance Platform (GAPP)

Organizations have embraced various technologies to facilitate communications, interactions, and collaborations to embody VHRD in recent years. While such integration affords opportunities for relevant HRD practices and research, it neglects crucial considerations on technologies’ potential effects in overloading employees’ affective and cognitive processing capacities. As a result, it could impede employees’ motivation to perform on the job. Furthermore, to validate VHRD as technology-mediated processes that support organizational performance, it is imperative to align technologies with performance measurements. To address these issues, this article proposes an original design for a Game-based Adaptive Performance Platform (GAPP) system based on research on work motivation, digital game-based learning environments, electronic performance support, and cognitive processing. The GAPP system intends to (a) sustain employee performance via game features, (b) prevent processing overload in stimuli-rich virtual environments, (c) monitor and align employee performance with desired organizational outcomes, and (d) foster experience sharing among employees in virtual workplaces.
Ordering Circumstantials for Multi-Document Summarization

We address the problem of ordering several circumstantials when generating or revising a clause. This problem occurs in the context of a multi-document summarization system that relies on language generation to incrementally reformulate the wording of fragments of sentences extracted from the documents. We present the results of an extensive corpus analysis of the relative position of different types of circumstantials. Our approach learns a set of rules using parameters that can be effectively used by our system. Evaluation indicates that these rules, which we have implemented in our text generator, attain a high level of precision (95.4% over a baseline of 78.6%).
Constructive and Tabu Search Algorithms for Hybrid Flow Shop Problems with Unrelated Parallel Machines and Setup Times

This paper investigates scheduling heuristics to seek the minimum of a positively weighted convex sum of makespan and the number of tardy jobs in a hybrid flow shop environment where at least one production stage is made up of unrelated parallel machines. Sequence-and machine-dependent setup times are considered. The problem is a combinatorial optimization problem which is difficult to be solved optimally, and hence heuristics are used to obtain good solutions in a reasonable time. Some dispatching rules and flow shop makespan heuristics are developed. Then this solution may be improved by fast polynomial heuristic improvement algorithms based on shift moves and pairwise interchanges. In addition, a metaheuristic tabu search algorithm is proposed. Some tabu search parameters are briefly discussed. The performance of the heuristics is compared relative to each other on a set of test problems with up to 50 jobs and 20 stages.
A Role for Kif17 in Transport of Kv4.2*

Although kinesins are known to transport neuronal proteins, it is not known what role they play in the targeting of their cargos to specific subcellular compartments in neurons. Here we present evidence that the K+ channel Kv4.2, which is a major regulator of dendritic excitability, is transported to dendrites by the kinesin isoform Kif17. We show that a dominant negative construct against Kif17 dramatically inhibits localization to dendrites of both introduced and endogenous Kv4.2, but those against other kinesins found in dendrites do not. Kv4.2 colocalizes with Kif17 but not with other kinesin isoforms in dendrites of cortical neurons. Native Kv4.2 and Kif17 coimmunoprecipitate from brain lysate, and introduced, tagged versions of the two proteins coimmunoprecipitate from COS cell lysate, indicating that the two proteins interact, either directly or indirectly. The interaction between Kif17 and Kv4.2 appears to occur through the extreme C terminus of Kv4.2 and not through the dileucine motif. Thus, the dileucine motif does not determine the localization of Kv4.2 by causing the channel to interact with a specific motor protein. In support of this conclusion, we found that the dileucine motif mediates dendritic targeting of CD8 independent of Kif17. Together our data show that Kif17 is probably the motor that transports Kv4.2 to dendrites but suggest that this motor does not, by itself, specify dendritic localization of the channel.
Riemannian-geometry-based modeling and clustering of network-wide non-stationary time series: The brain-network case

This paper advocates Riemannian multi-manifold modeling in the context of network-wide non-stationary time-series analysis. Time-series data, collected sequentially over time and across a network, yield features which are viewed as points in or close to a union of multiple submanifolds of a Riemannian manifold, and distinguishing disparate time series amounts to clustering multiple Riemannian submanifolds. To support the claim that exploiting the latent Riemannian geometry behind many statistical features of time series is beneficial to learning from network data, this paper focuses on brain networks and puts forth two feature-generation schemes for network-wide dynamic time series. The first is motivated by Granger-causality arguments and uses an auto-regressive moving average model to map low-rank linear vector subspaces, spanned by column vectors of appropriately defined observability matrices, to points into the Grassmann manifold. The second utilizes (non-linear) dependencies among network nodes by introducing kernel-based partial correlations to generate points in the manifold of positive-definite matrices. Capitilizing on recently developed research on clustering Riemannian submanifolds, an algorithm is provided for distinguishing time series based on their geometrical properties, revealed within Riemannian feature spaces. Extensive numerical tests demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms classical and state-of-the-art techniques in clustering brain-network states/structures hidden beneath synthetic fMRI time series and brain-activity signals generated from real brain-network structural connectivity matrices.
Bounded-Delay, Probability-Based Routing in Intermittently Connected Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Routing in intermittently connected mobile ad hoc networks (ICMAN) is particularly challenging due to intermittent connectivity and unstable topology. To deal with this problem, researchers have proposed some routing schemes based on message relay. Proposed efforts focus on the tradeoff between average message delivery delay and communication overhead. However, message delivery with a certain probability of bounded delay, rather than average delay, is more practical in real world scenario. In this paper, we introduce a new routing scheme that can guarantee the bounded delivery delay with a certain probability in random way models. We study the relationship between the probability of bounded delivery delay and the chosen nodes for forwarding. In our scheme, each message is labeled with an expected probability of bounded delivery delay. The fields of messages are updated each time message relay happens. The total number of nodes used for delivery depends on the delivery probability and delay. It is designed to provide bounded end-to-end delay with a certain probability compared with other bounded average delay schemes. The simulation results show that our novel scheme requires less resource than epidemic routing, while provides similar performance.
Is the ICC Making the Most of Victim Participation

Fifteen years after the adoption of the Rome Statute, which was the first instrument to recognize victims’ right to participate in international criminal proceedings, the article examines the International Criminal Court’s practice regarding the implementation of that right. The authors investigate the rationale for victim participation in criminal proceedings from the optic of a restorative justice approach and submit that improved participation would benefit both victims and the Court. The article offers a critical assessment of the Court’s practice to determine whether it has lived up to its restorative justice mandate.
Signal synthesis from modified discrete short-time transform

The discrete short-time transform (DSTT) is a generalization of the discrete short-time Fourier transform (DSTFT). The necessary and sufficient conditions on the analysis filter, under which perfect reconstruction of the input signal is possible (when the DSTT is not modified), are presented. The class of linear modifications for which the original input can be reconstructed when the modification is applied is characterized. The synthesis of an optimal (in the minimum-mean-square-error sense) signal from a modified DSTT (MDSTT) of finite duration is presented. It is shown that for an analysis filter length that does not exceed a given value, the optimal synthesis scheme is independent of the duration of the given MDSTT and is an extension of the weighted overlap add (WOLA) synthesis method. For longer analysis filters, the optimal synthesis scheme becomes quite cumbersome, and therefore, a steady-state solution (as the duration of the MDSTT approaches infinity) is presented for this case. It is shown that this solution can be approximated with arbitrarily small reconstruction error. >
Ascl1 Converts Dorsal Midbrain Astrocytes into Functional Neurons In Vivo

In vivo induction of non-neuronal cells into neurons by transcription factors offers potential therapeutic approaches for neural regeneration. Although generation of induced neuronal (iN) cells in vitro and in vivo has been reported, whether iN cells can be fully integrated into existing circuits remains unclear. Here we show that expression of achaete-scute complex homolog-like 1 (Ascl1) alone is sufficient to convert dorsal midbrain astrocytes of mice into functional iN cells in vitro and in vivo. Specific expression of Ascl1 in astrocytes by infection with GFAP–adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector converts astrocytes in dorsal midbrain, striatum, and somatosensory cortex of postnatal and adult mice into functional neurons in vivo. These iN cells mature progressively, exhibiting neuronal morphology and markers, action potentials, and synaptic inputs from and output to existing neurons. Thus, a single transcription factor, Ascl1, is sufficient to convert brain astrocytes into functional neurons, and GFAP–AAV is an efficient vector for generating iN cells from astrocytes in vivo.