Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in movement science: a systematic review on cortical activity in postural and walking tasks

Abstract. Safe locomotion is a crucial aspect of human daily living that requires well-functioning motor control processes. The human neuromotor control of daily activities such as walking relies on the complex interaction of subcortical and cortical areas. Technical developments in neuroimaging systems allow the quantification of cortical activation during the execution of motor tasks. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) seems to be a promising tool to monitor motor control processes in cortical areas in freely moving subjects. However, so far, there is no established standardized protocol regarding the application and data processing of fNIRS signals that limits the comparability among studies. Hence, this systematic review aimed to summarize the current knowledge about application and data processing in fNIRS studies dealing with walking or postural tasks. Fifty-six articles of an initial yield of 1420 publications were reviewed and information about methodology, data processing, and findings were extracted. Based on our results, we outline the recommendations with respect to the design and data processing of fNIRS studies. Future perspectives of measuring fNIRS signals in movement science are discussed.
Cell-Based Protein Stabilization Assays for the Detection of Interactions between Small-Molecule Inhibitors and BRD4

Bromodomain protein 4 (BRD4), a member of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein family, acts as a central element in transcriptional elongation and plays essential roles in cell proliferation. Inhibition of BRD4 binding to acetylated histone tails via its two bromodomains, BD1 and BD2, with small-molecule inhibitors has been shown to be a valid strategy to prevent cancer growth. We have evaluated and established two novel assays that quantify the interaction of transfected BRD4 BD1 with chemical inhibitors inside cultured cells. Both methods are based on the principle of ligand-induced protein stabilization by which the binding of a small-molecule inhibitor stabilizes intracellular BRD4 BD1 and protects it from proteolytic degradation. We demonstrate the universal character of this principle by using two orthogonal, highly sensitive detection technologies for the quantification of BRD4 BD1 levels in cellular lysates: enzyme fragment complementation and time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET). Upon optimization of both assays to a miniaturized high-throughput format, the methods were validated by testing a set of small-molecule BET inhibitors and comparing the results with those from a cell-free binding assay and a biophysical thermal shift assay. In addition, point mutations were introduced into BRD4 BD1, and the corresponding mutants were characterized in the TR-FRET stabilization assay.
Knockdown of Mtfp1 can minimize doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by inhibiting Dnm1l‐mediated mitochondrial fission

The long‐term usage of doxorubicin (DOX) is largely limited due to the development of severe cardiomyopathy. Many studies indicate that DOX‐induced cardiac injury is related to reactive oxygen species generation and ultimate activation of apoptosis. The role of novel mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Mtfp1) in DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity remains elusive. Here, we report the pro‐mitochondrial fission and pro‐apoptotic roles of Mtfp1 in DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity. DOX up‐regulates the Mtfp1 expression in HL‐1 cardiac myocytes. Knockdown of Mtfp1 prevents cardiac myocyte from undergoing mitochondrial fission, and subsequently reduces the DOX‐induced apoptosis by preventing dynamin 1‐like (Dnm1l) accumulation in mitochondria. In contrast, when Mtfp1 is overexpressed, a suboptimal dose of DOX can induce a significant percentage of cells to undergo mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. These data suggest that knocking down of Mtfp1 can minimize the cardiomyocytes loss in DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity. Thus, the regulation of Mtfp1 expression could be a novel therapeutic approach in chemotherapy‐induced cardiotoxicity.
Hepatocyte steatosis is an important predictor of response to interferon (IFN) monotherapy in Japanese patients infected with HCV genotype 2a: Virological features of IFN‐resistant cases with hepatocyte steatosis

The role of hepatocyte steatosis in interferon (IFN) resistance is still unclear, especially in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2a. The present study was conducted in 364 consecutive non‐cirrhotic naive patients infected with genotype 2a, who were evaluated for the severity of steatosis and response to IFN monotherapy after a 24‐week median duration of therapy. The patients were examined for factors associated with steatosis and treatment efficacy according to the grade of steatosis. Early viral kinetics was also evaluated in 64 patients for predictors of response to therapy. Nine IFN‐resistant patients were assessed for the relationship between amino acid sequence of HCV core region/NS5A and severity of steatosis. Multivariate analysis identified two independent factors associated with steatosis; serum ferritin ≥200 μg/l and body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m2. The sustained virological response rate in patients with high‐grade steatosis was significantly lower than in the low‐grade group. Study of early viral kinetics showed a significantly lower cumulative HCV‐RNA negative rate for the high‐grade than low‐grade steatosis group. Sequence analysis of HCV core region/NS5A in IFN‐resistant patients with or without steatosis failed to identify steatosis‐specific amino acid substitutions associated with resistance. This study of HCV genotype 2a suggested that steatosis is associated with excess iron storage, and that it is an important predictor of efficacy of IFN monotherapy. Further large‐scale studies are warranted to examine the role of amino acid substitutions on IFN resistance specific for steatosis. J. Med. Virol. 75:550–558, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE STATE OF INJECTED HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE IN ANIMAL TISSUES AND PROCEDURES FOR THE STUDY OF PHAGOSOMES AND PHAGO-LYSOSOMES

It was attempted to find conditions at which the localization of injected horseradish peroxidase was preserved at its original sites and artifacts of diffusion and unspecific adsorption of peroxidase to nuclei and cell membranes were prevented. The main factors were thorough fixation of the tissue, osmotic protection with hypertonic sucrose, and avoidance of accumulation, in the fixation medium, of "free" peroxidase, diffusing out of the tissue. Artifacts of adsorbed peroxidase, produced intentionally in tissue of untreated rats by the addition of peroxidase to fixed tissue slices and sections, were compared with the localization in vivo of injected peroxidase in small and large phagosomes and on cell membranes. The uptake of peroxidase by cells of kidney slices in vitro was observed, in confirmation of similar observations by Holtzer and Holtzer (8) with fluorescein-labelled proteins. A procedure for the staining of injected peroxidase in fresh-frozen sections, and a procedure for the double staining of acid phosphatase and injected peroxidase in the same tissue sections, after formaldehyde fixation, was indicated.
The predicted amino acid sequence of alpha‐internexin is that of a novel neuronal intermediate filament protein.

Our laboratory recently isolated and began to characterize a 66 kd rat brain cytoskeletal protein, dubbed alpha‐internexin for its interactions in vitro with several other cytoskeletal proteins. Although alpha‐internexin bore several of the characteristics of intermediate filament (IF) proteins, including the recognition by an antibody reactive with all IF proteins, it did not polymerize into 10 nm filaments under the conditions tested. Here we show that the predicted amino acid sequence of a cDNA encoding alpha‐internexin shows the latter to be an IF protein, probably most closely related to the neurofilament proteins. Northern blotting shows that alpha‐internexin expression is brain specific, and that rat brain alpha‐internexin mRNA levels are maximal prior to birth and decline into adulthood, while the converse is seen for NF‐L, the low molecular weight neurofilament subunit, suggesting that these two proteins play different roles in the developing brain.
Rewinding strategy aided by FEA as a solution to increase efficiency of industrial motors

This paper presents a proper model and methodology to improve the efficiency class of a squirrel-cage induction motor during rewinding. The modeling approach is based on the finite element model, i.e. two-dimensional model coupled with the rotor equivalent circuit (first stage) and the stator equivalent circuit (second stage). Results obtained with finite element analysis are compared with those obtained with analytical calculations. It is demonstrated that, during rewinding, if an improved winding configuration is used, efficiency gains can be obtained, allowing to improve the efficiency class of the motor, from IE2 to IE3, respecting the specified limits of NEMA & IEC performance indicators, namely, breakdown torque, locked-rotor torque, and locked-rotor current. In 79% of the simulated cases the efficiency gain allowed the studied motor to reach the IE3 class.
Location Aware Selective Unlocking forEnhancing RFID Security

In this paper, a new approach for providing security as well as privacy is proposed. The un-authorized reading and relay attacks on RFID system is avoid by using location sensing mechanism. For example, location sensing mechanism used for location specific application such as on the door of ATM cash transfer van for providing security because the location of the van is fixed. So after reaching the pre-specified location the RFID card is active and then it accepts the fingerprints of the registered person, in this way a stronger cross layer security is provided. The location awareness is used by both tags and back-end servers for defending against unauthorized reading and relay attacks onRFID systems.
Physical interaction between RRS1-R, a protein conferring resistance to bacterial wilt, and PopP2, a type III effector targeted to the plant nucleus

RRS1-R confers broad-spectrum resistance to several strains of the causal agent of bacterial wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum. Although genetically defined as recessive, this R gene encodes a protein whose structure combines the TIR-NBS-LRR domains found in several R proteins and a WRKY motif characteristic of some plant transcriptional factors and behaves as a dominant gene in transgenic susceptible plants. Here we show that PopP2, a R. solanacearum type III effector, which belongs to the YopJ/AvrRxv protein family, is the avirulence protein recognized by RRS1-R. Furthermore, an interaction between PopP2 and both RRS1-R and RRS1-S, present in the resistant Nd-1 and susceptible Col-5 Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, respectively, was detected by using the yeast split-ubiquitin two-hybrid system. This interaction, which required the full-length R protein, was not observed between the RRS1 proteins and PopP1, another member of the YopJ/AvrRxv family present in strain GMI1000 and that confers avirulence in Petunia. We further demonstrate that both the Avr protein and the RRS1 proteins colocalize in the nucleus and that the nuclear localization of the RRS1 proteins are dependent on the presence of PopP2.
Dynamic heartbeat algorithm of redundant mechanisms in WIA-PA

The researching of industrial wireless network technology is in full swing, There are mainly Wireless HART, ISA SP100 and WIA. Wireless network technology used in industry must be high reliability, and heartbeat algorithm is the key technology of redundant mechanisms. This article studies a heartbeat algorithm based on the PULL mode, which focused on considering the impact for redundancy mechanism by network delay resulting from the instability of the network state, proposed a method predicting network delay which can adjust the threshold of heartbeat messages' receiving time dynamically. Compared to the original adaptive algorithm of WIA-PA, dynamic heartbeat algorithm is more precisely and rapidly, which improves the reliability of WIA-PA redundant mechanisms.
Synthesis of Polystyrene–Polyphenylsiloxane Janus Particles through Colloidal Assembly with Unexpected High Selectivity: Mechanistic Insights and Their Application in the Design of Polystyrene Particles with Multiple Polyphenylsiloxane Patches

Janus particles are of great research interest because of their reduced symmetry, which provides them with unique physical and chemical properties. Such particles can be prepared from spherical structures through colloidal assembly. Whilst colloidal assembly has the potential to be a low cost and scalable process, it typically lacks selectivity. As a consequence, it results in a complex mixture of particles of different architectures, which is tedious to purify. Very recently, we reported the colloidal synthesis of Au semishells, making use of polystyrene–polyphenylsiloxane Janus particles as an intermediate product (Chem. Commun. 2017, 53, 3898–3901). Here, we demonstrate that these Janus particles are realized through colloidal assembly of spherical glucose-functionalized polystyrene particles and an emulsion of phenyltrimethoxysilane in aqueous ammonia, followed by interfacial polycondensation to form the polyphenylsiloxane patch. Both the polystyrene spheres and the emulsion of Ph-TMS in aqueous ammonia are stabilized by a surfmer—a reactive surfactant. The colloidal assembly reported in this manuscript proceeds with an unexpected high selectivity, which makes this process exceptionally interesting for the synthesis of Janus particles. Furthermore, we report insights into the details of the mechanism of formation of these Janus particles, and apply those to adapt the synthesis conditions to produce polystyrene particles selectively decorated with multiple polyphenylsiloxane patches, e.g., raspberry particles.
Auditory Midbrain Implant: A Combined Approach for Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery and Device Implantation

Hypothesis: The lateral suboccipital approach is a well-established route for safe removal of vestibular schwannomas in neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) patients. The goal of this study was to assess if this approach can be extended to a lateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach to enable insertion of an auditory midbrain implant (AMI) penetrating array along the tonotopic gradient of the inferior colliculus central nucleus (ICC). Background: The AMI is a new auditory prosthesis designed for penetrating stimulation of the ICC in patients with neural deafness. The initial candidates are NF2 patients who, because of the growth and/or surgical removal of bilateral acoustic neuromas, develop neural deafness and are unable to benefit from cochlear implants. The ideal surgical approach in NF2 patients must first enable safe removal of vestibular schwannomas and then provide sufficient exposure of the midbrain for AMI implantation. Methods: This study was performed on formalin-fixed and fresh cadaver specimens. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging were used to study the heads of the specimens and for surgical navigation. Results: The lateral suboccipital craniotomy enabled sufficient exposure of the cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory canal for tumor removal. It could then be extended to a lateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach that provided good exposure of the dorsolateral aspect of the tentorial hiatus and mesencephalon for implantation of the AMI along the tonotopic gradient of the ICC. This approach did not endanger the trochlear nerve or any major midline venous structures in the quadrigeminal cistern. Conclusion: This modified lateral suboccipital approach ensures safe removal of large vestibular schwannomas and provides sufficient exposure of the inferior colliculus for ideal AMI implantation.
Full Endoscopic Removal of Cervical Spinal Epidural Abscess: Case Report and Technical Note

Spinal epidural abscess is a rare disease that is less likely to occur in the cervical region. When it occurs here, cervical spondylodiscitis can develop. Surgical treatment is recommended because of possible life-threatening septic and neurological complications. We present a case of an 81-year-old man who suffered from right side paralysis and was subsequently diagnosed with a C4 to C7 epidural abscess. We utilized full endoscopic surgery for patient management. The traditional surgical methods for treating cervical epidural abscesses may cause spinal instability. There has only been one previous case report on the endoscopic-assisted method. Minimal invasive surgery by a full endoscopic method can be done with a small incision and is associated with minimal blood loss and muscle damage. This is the first report on cervical epidural abscess drainage utilization a full endoscopic method. We recommend this alternative minimally invasive method to manage cervical epidural abscess.
Delineation and characterization of the actin nucleation and effector translocation activities of Salmonella SipC

Salmonella type III secreted SipC possesses dual functions: translocation of effectors and actin modulation. The biological significance of SipC's actin nucleation activity in Salmonella‐induced actin cytoskeleton rearrangements has not been studied. We report here the delineation of the actin nucleation activity from the effector translocation activity of SipC. Our data show that the central amino acid region (residues: 201–220) is essential for its actin nucleation activity and the C‐terminal amino acid region (321–409) is required for translocation of effectors. A SipC nucleation‐deficient mutant, which maintained its effector translocation activity, was obtained. This nucleation‐deficient mutant had significantly reduced ability to induce actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, resulting in lower bacterial invasion into HeLa cells. Contrary to a previous report, we found that the purified recombinant wild‐type SipC199‐409 protein is monomeric in solution by size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering assays (SEC‐LS). Our data established that the actin nucleation activity of SipC plays a vital role in Salmonella‐induced membrane ruffles and subsequent bacteria invasion.
Impact of Online Consumer Reviews on Buying Intention of Consumers in UK : Need for Cognition as Mediating Role

World wide web has offered a strong competitive platform for online marketing which turned out the online shopping important for consumers in today’s world particularly those consumers which view the online reviews as effectual conduit of having important product information prior to purchasing decisions. However, the current study attempts to find the impact of online consumer reviews on buying intention of consumers in the context of UK with need for cognition as the mediating role on the basis of elaboration likelihood model developed in 2011. This study followed positivist research philosophy by using quantitative data from 120 consumers in UK who shop online. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that the buying intention of online consumer who has high cognitive needs was affected by quality of online review or argument as compare to quantity of online argument or reviews. Furthermore, the buying intentions of online consumers with low cognitive need were affected by quantity of rather than quality of arguments. Therefore, hypothesis of current were supported.
Sensorless speed estimation and control of brushless doubly-fed reluctance machine drive using model reference adaptive system

The contributions of this paper are towards the successful implementation of secondary flux based model reference adaptive system (SF-MRAS) for the speed estimation and primary field oriented control of brushless doubly-fed reluctance machine (BDFRM) in motoring and generating modes of operation. The speed estimation arrangement uses two pairs of independent secondary flux equations in reference and adaptive models. Comprehensive simulation study, hardware validations and stability analysis using Bode plots confirm the satisfactory performance of the proposed estimation algorithm.
Sequencing by hybridization: Towards an automated sequencing of one million M13 clones arrayed on membranes

An immediately applicable variant of the sequencing by hybridization (SBH) method is under development with the capacity to determine up to 100 million base pairs per year. The proposed method comprises six steps: (i) arraying genomic or cDNA M13 clones in 864‐well plates (wells of 2 mm); (ii) preparation of DNA samples for spotting by growth of the M13 clones or by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the inserts using standard 96‐well plates, or plates having as many as 864 correspondingly smaller wells; (iii) robotic spotting of 13 824 samples on an 8 × 12 cm nylon membrane, or correspondingly more, on up to 6 times larger filters, by offset printing with a 96 or 864 0.4 mm pin device; (iv) hybridization of dotted samples with 200–2000 32P‐labeled probes comprising 16–256 10‐mers having a common 8‐mer, 7‐mer, or 6‐mer in the middle (20 probes per day, each hybridized with 250 000 dots); (v) scoring hybridization signals of 5 million sampleprobe pairs per day using storage phosphor plates; and (vi) computing clone order and partial‐to‐complete DNA sequences using various heuristic algorithms. Genome sequencing based on a combination of this method and gel sequencing techniques may be significantly more economical than gel methods alone.
Peptide YY levels across pubertal stages and associations with growth hormone.

CONTEXT Changes in appetite-regulating peptides may impact food intake during puberty and facilitate the pubertal growth spurt. Peptide YY (PYY) is an anorexigenic hormone that is high in anorexia nervosa and low in obesity, inhibits GnRH secretion, and is suppressed by GH administration. The relationship between PYY and GH has not been examined across puberty. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that PYY would be inversely associated with GH in adolescents and would be lowest when GH is highest. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a cross-sectional study at a Clinical Research Center. SUBJECTS We studied 87 children, 46 boys and 41 girls ages 9-17 yr at Tanner stages 1-5 of puberty (10th-90th percentiles for body mass index). OUTCOME MEASURES We measured fasting PYY and nadir GH levels after administration of an oral glucose load. Leptin levels were also measured. RESULTS Fasting PYY was lowest and nadir GH highest in boys in Tanner stages 3-4 (P = 0.02) and in girls in Tanner stages 2-3 (P = 0.02). Leptin levels were highest in early pubertal boys and late pubertal girls. For the group as a whole and within genders, even after controlling for body mass index, log nadir GH correlated inversely with log PYY (P = 0.003, 0.07, and 0.02). PYY levels did not correlate with leptin levels. CONCLUSIONS During mid-puberty, at a time when GH levels are the highest, PYY is at a nadir, and these low PYY levels may facilitate pubertal progression and growth.