Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The presence of in-house attending trauma surgeons does not improve management or outcome of critically injured patients.

BACKGROUND The presence of a surgeon at the initial assessment and care of the trauma patient has been the focal point of trauma center designation. However, for Level I verification, the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma currently does not require the presence of an attending trauma surgeon in the hospital (IH), provided senior surgical residents are immediately available. Likewise, the state of Missouri does not mandate an IH presence of the attending trauma surgeon but requires senior (postgraduate year 4 or 5) level surgical residents to immediately respond, with a 20-minute response time mandated for the attending surgeon if IH or out of the hospital (OH). Nevertheless, some claim that IH coverage by attending surgeons provides better care for seriously injured patients. METHODS This retrospective study assessed patient care parameters over the past 10 years on critically injured patients to detect any difference in outcome whether the surgeon was IH or OH at the time of the trauma team activation (cardiopulmonary instability, Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score < 9, penetrating truncal injury). Patients were subcategorized into blunt/penetrating, shock (systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg) on arrival, GCS score < 9, Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15, or ISS > 25. Response was examined from 8 am to 6 pm weekdays (IH) or 6 pm to 8 am weekdays and all weekends (OH). Patient care parameters examined were mortality, complications, time in the emergency department, time to the operating room, time to computed tomographic scanning, intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS. RESULTS For all patients (n = 766), there was no significant difference in any parameters except intensive care unit LOS (IH, 4.90 +/- 7.96 days; OH, 3.58 +/- 7.69 days; p < 0.05). For blunt trauma (n = 369), emergency department time was shorter (99.71 +/- 88.26 minutes vs. 126.51 +/- 96.68 minutes, p < 0.01) and hospital LOS was shorter (8.04 +/- 1.02 days vs. 11.08 +/- 1.15 days, p < 0.05) for OH response. For penetrating trauma (n = 377), shock (n = 187), GCS score < 9 (n = 248), ISS > 15 (n = 363), and ISS > 25 (n = 230), there were no statistically significant differences in any patient care parameter between IH and OH response. For those in most need of urgent operation-penetrating injuries and shock-there were no differences in time to operating room or mortality for OH or IH response. CONCLUSION As long as initial assessment and care is provided by senior level IH surgical residents and as long as the attending surgeon responds in a defined period of time (if OH) to guide critical decision-making, the IH presence of an attending surgeon has not been shown in this retrospective study to improve care of the critically injured patient.
Protein Kinase G Dynamically Modulates TASK1-Mediated Leak K+ Currents in Cholinergic Neurons of the Basal Forebrain

Leak K+ conductance generated by TASK1/3 channels is crucial for neuronal excitability. However, endogenous modulators activating TASK channels in neurons remained unknown. We previously reported that in the presumed cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (BF), activation of NO-cGMP-PKG (protein kinase G) pathway enhanced the TASK1-like leak K+ current (I-Kleak). As 8-Br-cGMP enhanced the I-Kleak mainly at pH 7.3 as if changing the I-Kleak from TASK1-like to TASK3-like current, such an enhancement of the I-Kleak would result either from an enhancement of hidden TASK3 component or from an acidic shift in the pH sensitivity profile of TASK1 component. In view of the report that protonation of TASK channel decreases its open probability, the present study was designed to examine whether the activation of PKG increases the conductance of TASK1 channels by reducing their binding affinity for H+, i.e., by increasing Kd for protonation, or not. We here demonstrate that PKG activation and inhibition respectively upregulate and downregulate TASK1 channels heterologously expressed in PKG-loaded HEK293 cells at physiological pH, by causing shifts in the Kd in the acidic and basic directions, respectively. Such PKG modulations of TASK1 channels were largely abolished by mutating pH sensor H98. In the BF neurons that were identified to express ChAT and TASK1 channels, similar dynamic modulations of TASK1-like pH sensitivity of I-Kleak were caused by PKG. It is strongly suggested that PKG activation and inhibition dynamically modulate TASK1 currents at physiological pH by bidirectionally changing Kd values for protonation of the extracellular pH sensors of TASK1 channels in cholinergic BF neurons.
Overview of Enterprise Risk Management Modeling

The paper summaries models, measures and tools of enterprise risk management systematically and describes deterministic models and undeterministric models particularly. Then it estimates pitfalls and virtues of different kinds of models wholely. Existing modeling methods are short at their narrow scope, unilateral objects, rigor hypotheses and lack of capabilities of intergrating various kinds of risks. Finally, new methods such as shadow options theory, real options theory and games theory are put forward in order to conquer these demerits, which creatively combine both quantitative and qualitative techniques.
North American Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses Inhibit Type I Interferon Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells

ABSTRACT Although enveloped viruses typically trigger the prodigious secretion of alpha interferon (IFN-α) by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), porcine pDC remain quiescent when exposed to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). This inactivity is likely due to virus-mediated interference since the typical IFN-α response by either purified or nonsorted porcine pDC to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) or the Toll-like receptor 9 agonist, oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) D19, was markedly reduced in the presence of PRRSV. Suppression occurred independently of virus viability and acidification of pDC early endosomes but correlated with diminished levels of IFN-α mRNA. This change was attributed to an abrogation of transcription resulting from a decrease in the otherwise enhanced amounts of the requisite interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7), whose gene expression in turn was limited as a consequence of a lessened availability of nuclear-localized signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). While PRRSV also inhibited tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) synthesis by pDC responding to either agent, only the interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 production instigated by ODN D19 exposure was blocked. Likewise, PRRSV did not impact a specific TGEV-associated enhancement of IL-8 expression. Moreover, an augmented phosphorylation of NF-κB seen in activated pDC was not only unaffected by PRRSV but actually occurred in its presence. Thus, as supported by a demonstrated resilience of pDC to PRRSV infection, this pathogen may interact with a cell surface protein(s) to selectively impede the completion of cascades involved in cytokine production by stimulated pDC.
The Relevance of Target Accounting Quality to the Long-Term Success of Cross-Border Mergers

We investigate a sample of cross-border mergers involving US firms that acquired foreign targets between 1985 and 1995. Our general interest is in the long-term success of the acquisitions, measured by the post-merger abnormal returns to the US acquirers. Our primary focus is the relationship between the quality of the foreign target's accounting disclosures and the acquisition's long-term success. Employing a procedure recommended by Lyon et al. (1999), we find that US acquirers in cross-border mergers experience significantly negative long-term abnormal returns post-merger. These returns also are significantly more negative than those realized by a matched sample of US acquirers that acquired US targets. To investigate the potential association between the US acquirers' post-acquisition returns and target firms' accounting disclosures, we classify the merger transactions by target firm home country. We define variables to reflect the quality of accounting disclosures and control for other important country-specific features. The results reveal that post-merger abnormal returns are less negative for acquirers of targets based in countries where accounting data is less value relevant. This may be due to a higher cost of capital for target firms in these countries, resulting in a built-in discount in the pricing of targets. An examination of the premiums paid in a subset of 79 cross-border mergers reveals evidence consistent with this contention: premiums are lower for target firms based in countries where accounting data is less value relevant. These results suggest that shareholders of targets from such countries pay a price for their country's institutional framework that makes accounting information less value relevant.
Comparative analysis of the male reproductive accessory glands of bats Noctilio albiventris (Noctilionidae) and Rhynchonycteris naso (Emballonuridae)

In eutherian mammals, the male reproductive accessory glands (RAGs) comprise the prostate, bulbourethral glands, ampullary glands, and the seminal vesicles. Their composition, anatomy and function vary widely between species. This study aimed to characterize histologically and compare the RAGs of bats. The RAGs of Noctilio albiventris (Noctilionidae) and Rhynchonycteris naso (Emballonuridae) were studied using anatomical and histological methods, and were reconstructed three dimensionally. The RAGs of N. albiventris and R. naso are composed of a compact glandular complex that surrounds the urethra and a pair of bulbourethral glands, which are extra‐abdominally located in the inguinal region. In both species, the glandular complex is composed of two well‐defined prostatic regions (ventral and dorsal). The ventral region showed an atypical epithelium (holocrine), where no obvious cellular limits were observed, and PAS‐positive secretion. The dorsal region had a pseudostratified cuboidal epithelium, with basal and secretory cells, and PAS‐negative secretion. Noctilio albiventris also had urethral glands (Littre glands) surrounding the urethra, however, R. naso had only muscles. Both species had bulbourethral glands, with simple columnar epithelium and PAS‐positive secretion. In conclusion, the RAGs of N. albiventris and R. naso comprised a pair of bulbourethral glands and an intra‐abdominal complex, composed of a prostate with two different regions (ventral and dorsal), while the ampullary glands and seminal vesicles were missing in both species. This morphology was more closely related between N. albiventris and R. naso, and to species of the family Phyllostomidae than to families Molossidae and Vespertilionidae. J. Morphol. 277:1459–1468, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of Thermoelectric Performance of Peltier Current Leads Designed for Superconducting Direct-Current Transmission Cable Systems

Reduction of heat leakage is a key issue in the development of practical superconducting devices. We evaluated the thermoelectric performance of Peltier current leads (PCLs) designed for superconducting direct-current transmission cable systems using a custom-made test bench. Among several configurations, a minimum heat leak value of 30.0 W/kA was attained with a PCL having shape factors of 41.8 m-1 and 1.69 × 104 m-1 for the Peltier element and copper lead, respectively. In addition, a methodology to evaluate the energy flow within the PCL was developed to further improve the thermoelectric performance of practical PCL devices. The results indicate that the contribution of the Thomson heat to the heat-pumping effect possibly become as large as the Peltier heat and Joule heat, and thus cannot be ignored in the heat analysis of PCLs.
Neural Network Controller to Manage the Power Flow of a Hybrid Source for Electric Vehicles

This paper proposes a neural network controller for a DC/DC converter used to manage the power flow of an active hybrid energy source for Electric Vehicles. The energy source is composed of a battery, an ultracapacitor and a Dual Active Bridge DC/DC converter used to optimize the power distribution between the energy sources involved. The neural network control method applied to this bidirectional converter has many advantages: reduction of the computational time, decrease in the amount of data stored and improvement in the transient response. This method is simulated in an Electric Vehicle application using a normalized driving cycle. The simulation results will show the improvements made by this control method compared to the conventional PI controller, in terms of improving the power management, reducing stress on the sources and increasing robustness due to reference changes.
Clinical Outcomes following Protected Carotid Artery Stenting in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients

Purpose: To evaluate clinical outcomes in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS) with routine use of a cerebral embolic protection device (EPD). Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of 490 consecutive patients (365 men; mean age 70.7±8.5 years) who underwent CAS with EPD between January 1999 and December 2007 at 2 institutions with large referral practices. There were 163 symptomatic patients with stenosis ≥50% and 327 asymptomatic patients with ≥80% diameter stenosis treated in 536 CAS procedures. Nearly a quarter (116, 23.7%) of the cohort had diabetes. High-risk surgical features were present in 141 (28.8%): 73 (14.9%) aged ≥80 years, 25 (5.1%) with significant heart disease, 23 (4.6%) with postsurgical restenosis, and 16 (3.2%) with contralateral carotid occlusion. An EPD was successfully placed in 512 (95.5%) patients. Results: The incidence of any stroke within 30 days was 3.3% (16/490), of which the majority (13, 2.6%) were ipsilateral [5 (1.0%) major and 8 (1.6%) minor]. The incidence of major adverse events (MAE), i.e., any stroke, death or myocardial infarction, within 30 days was 3.7% (18/490); the incidence of 30-day any stroke/death was 3.7% (18/490), while the cumulative incidence of any stroke/death at 1 year was 6.1% (30/490). In symptomatic patients, the 30-day MAE rate was 6.7% (11/163) versus 2.1% (7/237) in the asymptomatic group (p=0.02). A subgroup analysis based on surgical risk showed that the 30-day MAE rate was similar between high-risk and non-high-risk patients [4.9% (7/144) versus 3.2% (11/346); p=0.5]. Conclusion: In this large real-world cohort, CAS with routine use of EPDs was technically feasible, clinically safe, and associated with a low rate of periprocedural and 1-year events; results were similar irrespective of surgical risk.
Hate crime training of police officers in Nottingham: a critical review

ion was a problem for all officers but for beat managers and PCSOs it often affected their relationships with people on their own patch in terms of community policing if they were abstracted to other beat areas and/or to cover for response officers. The aforementioned PCSO goes on to elaborate about how damaging abstraction could be in cases like Pilkington involving hate crimes, incidents and anti-social behaviour:
P‐Glycoprotein Functions as a Differentiation Switch in Antigen Presenting Cell Maturation

P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) expressed on human antigen presenting cells (APC) regulates alloantigen‐dependent T‐cell activation, but the associated mechanisms are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that P‐gp functions in IL‐12‐dependent monocyte differentiation into dendritic cell (DC) lineages during APC maturation, thereby regulating the capacity of myeloid‐derived APCs to elicit alloimmune Th1 responses. Human CD14+ monocytes cultured in vitro in the presence of IL‐4/GM‐CSF differentiated into CD14−CD1a+ APCs of the immature DC phenotype. In contrast, P‐gp blockade during differentiation inhibited CD1a induction, down‐regulated CD80 expression, enhanced CD86 expression and induced CD68 expression. APCs differentiated in the presence of P‐gp blockade stimulated alloimmune T‐cell proliferation significantly less than controls and this effect was associated with 97% inhibition of Th1 IFN‐γ production, but preserved Th2 IL‐5 secretion. MAb‐mediated blockade of the P‐gp transport substrate IL‐12 in the course of APC differentiation also inhibited IFN‐γ production, while addition of rIL‐12 to P‐gp‐blocked APC differentiation cultures significantly reversed this effect, demonstrating that P‐gp functions in APC differentiation in part via IL‐12 regulation. Our findings define a novel role for P‐gp as a differentiation switch in APC maturation and resultant alloimmune Th1 responses, thereby identifying P‐gp as a potential novel therapeutic target in allotransplantation.
A Part-of-Speech Based Sentiment Classification Method Considering Subject-Predicate Relation

Based on the topic and opinion classification, a tweet credibility analysis method is proposed to detect false information or rumors spreading on Twitter on and after the Great East Japan Earthquake. The credibility is assessed by calculating the ratio of the same opinions to all opinions about a topic identified by topic models generated using Latent Dirichlet Allocation. To identify an opinion (positive or negative) expressed in a tweet, a sentiment analysis is performed using a semantic orientation dictionary. However, the accuracy is a problem to identify the few false tweets. The accuracy of the originally proposed method was susceptible since the sentiment opinion of most tweets was identified negative by the baseline (namely Takamura's) semantic orientation dictionary. Furthermore, specialty namely expertise of users was not considered. To cope with these problems, a method for extracting sentiment orientations of words and phrases was proposed considering user's specialty / expertise degree or mark to each of the same / opposite opinion tweets. The effects of both improvements are proven by experiments using a large number of real tweets. Namely, in these experiments rum or tweets were detected more accurately.
Measurement of the whole body clearance of infused glycerol as a test of liver function after major hepatectomy

Major liver resection can be used in the treatment of liver cancer. The functional capacity of liver parenchyma needs to be evaluated preoperatively because it conditions the outcome. We assessed whether the whole body clearance of glycerol, a substrate essentially metabolized in liver cells, may be suitable as a simple test of liver function. Seven patients after major hepatectomy, six patients after colectomy and 12 healthy subjects were studied. Patients were investigated on the first day after surgery. All participants were studied during a 150‐min basal period followed by a 120‐min infusion of 16 μmol kg−1 min−1 13C‐labelled glycerol. Whole body glycerol clearance was calculated from the change in plasma glycerol concentration. Whole body glucose production was measured with 6,6 2H2 glucose infused as a tracer in the basal state and during glycerol infusion. In addition, 13C glucose synthesis was monitored to quantitate gluconeogenesis from glycerol. Patients after liver resection had higher plasma glycerol concentrations and lower whole body glycerol clearance than healthy subjects and patients after colectomy. They also had higher plasma glucagon concentrations. Their fasting glucose production was mildly elevated in the fasting state and did not change after glycerol infusion, indicating a normal hepatic autoregulation of glucose production. These results indicate that whole body glycerol clearance can be simply determined from plasma glycerol concentrations during exogenous glycerol infusion. It is significantly reduced in patients after major hepatectomy, suggesting that it constitutes a sensitive test of hepatic function. Its use as a preoperative testing procedure remains to be evaluated.
Model-Free Trajectory Optimization with Monotonic Improvement

Many of the recent Trajectory Optimization algorithms alternate between local approximation of the system dynamics around the mean trajectory and conservative policy update. One way of constraining the policy change is by bounding the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between successive policies. This approach already demonstrated great experimental success in challenging problems such as end-to-end control of physical systems. However, linearly approximating the system dynamics in order to derive the policy update can bias the update and prevent convergence to the optimal policy. In this article, we propose a new model-free algorithm that backpropagates a local quadratic time-dependent Q-Function, allowing the derivation of the policy update in closed form. Our policy update ensures exact KL-constraint satisfaction without simplifying assumptions on the system dynamics and shows an improved performance in comparison to approaches linearizing the system dynamics. We additionally conduct a theoretical analysis of our policy update scheme to derive a lower bound of the change in policy return between successive policies.
A motion capture system for sport training and rehabilitation

This paper presents a motion capture system which provides both an accurate measurement of some motion parameters of a human arm and a graphical reconstruction of the movement on a synthetic model. The hardware uses several MEMS inertial sensors whose data are processed using mathematical tools based on quaternions. Measurements on a prototype have proven the system to be very accurate, since through the sensors placed on the joints of the arms it was possible to extract a video motion very faithful to the real.
Performance analysis of photovoltaic modules in Baiturrahman Islamic boarding school

Renewable energy is one of technologies that can be used as an alternative technology to fulfill the growing energy needs. Photovoltaic technology types is already widely available on the market. The manufacturer usually gives the characteristic parameters of photovoltaic modules. However, these characteristics will not be the same when the PV modules used in the actual operating conditions in the field. This paper is addressed to analyze and evaluate the performance of photovoltaic module in the actual operating environment. The PV system has been installed in in Baiturrahman Islamic boarding school located in kampung Bojong, Cikoneng village, Ciparay district, West Java, Indonesia with a scale of 1 kW. Experimental results shows good performance of PV module. PV module temperature affected by weather conditions, and the environment. Highest radiation values is 1.355 kW/m2 at module tilt angle 15°. It is recommended that the optimum tilt (βopt) of solar module from the horizontal in April is 15°.