Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anatomical characteristics of the anterior vestibular nerve of the bullfrog

Study was made of the dimensions of the nerves to the receptor organs in the anterior branch of the bullfrog vestibular nerve. The number of fibers and their diameters and trajectories in the nerve and Scarpa's ganglion were studied. A correlation was made between the anatomical and physiological properties of neurons identified with intracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase. The data suggest a specific pattern of innervation of the organs, organization of fibers and cells in the vestibular nerve, and significant correlation between the anatomical and physiological properties of individual neurons. A comparison was made between the information obtained from the bullfrog and that from other animals, which suggests a similarity between species and supports the hypothesis of a differential physiological role of the neurons in each vestibular organ according to anatomical characteristics.
Comparison of two leukocyte extraction methods for cytomegalovirus antigenemia assay

We carried out a prospective, parallel, and blind study on 113 blood samples from immunocompromised patients in order to compare two leukocyte extraction methods (6% dextran sedimentation and Polymorphprep separation) for cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia assay. CMV was detected in 38 samples by antigenemia assay (34 by dextran sedimentation and 35 by Polymorphprep separation). No differences either in the number of positive specimens (P = 1) or in the mean CMV-positive cell counts (P = 0.41) were observed between the two leukocyte extraction methods. In conclusion, the two methods performed equally well for this assay.
Statistical Analyses of Hellin's Law

Abstract During the history of research on multiple maternities, Hellin's law has played a central role as a rule of thumb. It is mathematically simple and approximately correct, but shows discrepancies that are difficult to explain or to eliminate. It has been mathematically proven that Hellin's law does not hold as a general rule. Varying improvements to this law have been proposed. In this paper, we consider how Hellin's law can be used and tested in statistical analyses of the rates of multiple maternities. Such studies can never confirm the law, but only identify errors too large to be characterized as random. It is of particular interest to determine why the rates of higher multiple maternities are sometimes too high or too low when Hellin's law is used as a benchmark. Excesses of triplet and quadruplet maternities are particularly unexpected and challenging. Our analyses of triplet and quadruplet rates indicated that triplet rates are closer to Hellin's law than quadruplet rates. According to our analyses of the twinning rate and the transformed triplet rate and quadruplet rate for Sweden (1751–2000), both triplet and quadruplet rates showed excesses after the 1960s. This is mainly caused by artificial fertility-enhancing reproduction technologies. Regression analyses of twinning and triplet rates yield rather good fits, but deficiencies in the triplet rates are commonly present. We introduced measures of concordance between triplet rates with Hellin's law. According to these measures, historic data showed deficiencies in triplet rates, but recent data revealed excesses, especially found among older mothers. The excesses obtained are in good agreement with other studies of recent data.
Data-driven approaches to unrestricted gaze-tracking benefit from saccade filtering

Unrestricted gaze tracking that allows for head and body movements can enable us to understand interactive gaze behavior with large-scale visualizations. Approaches that support this, by simultaneously recording eye- and user-movements, can either be based on geometric or data-driven regression models. A data-driven approach can be implemented more flexibly but its performance can suffer with poor quality training data. In this paper, we introduce a pre-processing procedure to remove training data for periods when the gaze is not fixating the presented target stimuli. Our procedure is based on a velocity-based filter for rapid eye-movements (i.e., saccades). Our results show that this additional procedure improved the accuracy of our unrestricted gaze-tracking model by as much as 56 %. Future improvements to data-driven approaches for unrestricted gaze-tracking are proposed, in order to allow for more complex dynamic visualizations.
Comparison of Sprint Interval and Endurance Training in Team Sport Athletes

Abstract Kelly, DT, Tobin, C, Egan, B, Carren, AM, O'Connor, PL, McCaffrey, N, and Moyna, NM. Comparison of sprint interval and endurance training in team sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3051–3058, 2018—High-volume endurance training (ET) has traditionally been used to improve aerobic capacity but is extremely time-consuming in contrast to low-volume short-duration sprint interval training (SIT) that improves maximal oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max) to a similar extent. Few studies have compared the effects of SIT vs. ET using running-based protocols, or in team sport athletes. Club level male Gaelic football players were randomly assigned to SIT (n = 7; 21.6 ± 2.1 years) or ET (n = 8; 21.9 ± 3.5 years) for 6 sessions over 2 weeks. V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, muscle mitochondrial enzyme activity, running economy (RE), and high-intensity endurance capacity (HEC) were measured before and after training. An increase in V[Combining Dot Above]O2max (p ⩽ 0.05) after 2 weeks of both SIT and ET was observed. Performance in HEC increased by 31.0 and 17.2% after SIT and ET, respectively (p ⩽ 0.05). Running economy assessed at 8, 9, 10, and 11 km·h−1, lactate threshold and vV[Combining Dot Above]O2max were unchanged after both SIT and ET. Maximal activity of 3-&bgr;-hydroxylacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (&bgr;-HAD) was increased in response to both SIT and ET (p ⩽ 0.05), whereas the maximal activity of citrate synthase remained unchanged after training (p = 0.07). A running-based protocol of SIT is a time-efficient training method for improving aerobic capacity and HEC, and maintaining indices of RE and lactate threshold in team sport athletes.
Kalman Filter-Based Distributed Predictive Control of Large-Scale Multi-Rate Systems: Application to Power Networks

In this paper, a novel distributed Kalman filter (KF) algorithm along with a distributed model predictive control (MPC) scheme for large-scale multi-rate systems is proposed. The decomposed multi-rate system consists of smaller subsystems with linear dynamics that are coupled via states. These subsystems are multi-rate systems in the sense that either output measurements or input updates are not available at certain sampling times. Such systems can arise, e.g., when the number of sensors is smaller than the number of variables to be controlled, or when measurements of outputs cannot be completed simultaneously because of practical limitations. The multi-rate nature gives rise to lack of information, which will cause uncertainty in the system's performance. To circumvent this problem, we propose a distributed KF-based MPC scheme, in which multiple control and estimation agents each determine actions for their own parts of the system. Via communication, the agents can in a cooperative way take one another's actions into account. The main task of the proposed distributed KF is to compensate for the information loss due to the multi-rate nature of the systems by providing optimal estimation of the missing information. A demanding two-area power network example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Diffusion in symplectic maps.

The characteristic function method is used to obtain the diffusion tensor for symplectic maps. At lowest order the quasilinear result is obtained, and a series in higher-order correlations is developed. Comparison of the theory to numerical experiments is given using a four-dimensional example of Froeschl\'e. The experiments agree well with the theory for moderately large parameters. Arnol'd diffusion for the ``thick-layer'' case is discussed. It is shown that the short-time correlations in one canonical plane affect the diffusion in the other plane even in the limit of zero coupling. Accelerator modes exist for the Froeschl\'e example and cause divergences in the diffusion, but these only appear when the accelerating region is included in the ensemble.
THE TORONTO OLYMPIC COMMITMENT: TOWARDS A SOCIAL CONTRACT FOR THE

Mega–projects like the Olympic Games require a tremendous investment of human, financial, and physical resources from the communities which stage them. They challenge (or distract) the best talents available for the better part of a decade, well beyond the term of most governments. They play a decisive role in the character and pace of a region’s economic development, often reshaping the pattern of land use and the transportation, communications and industrial infrastructure of the localities where they take place. At the level of ideology, they illuminate competing notions of the public good. Not surprisingly, bidding for and staging a public festival on this scale can be a highly charged political exercise, requiring the most consummate skills of negotiation and consensus building from those in the leadership. Such, at any rate, is the Canadian experience. Virtually every attempt to stage multi–sport international games during the last 30 years has touched off widespread public debate, if not outright opposition. The 1976 Montreal Olympics were buffeted right up until the Opening Ceremonies by the clash of English–Canadian and French–Canadian nationalisms, explosive class conflict, and the protests of athletes and environmental group. 2 In Edmonton, proponents of the 1978 Commonwealth Games had to fight a municipal plebiscite to get the funding for the Games. 3 In Calgary, despite the pervasive hegemony of conservative oil interests, the organizing committee for the 1988 Winter Olympics was compelled to involve thousands of volunteers in decision-making and to open board meetings to the public to maintain community support. Even then, the popular torch relay and the major exhibit of the arts and culture festival encountered a national protest from aboriginal group. 4
Representation learning in heterogeneous information networks for user modeling and recommendations

Current research in the field of recommender systems takes into consideration the interaction between users and items; we call this the homogeneous setting. In most real world systems, however these interactions are heterogeneous, i.e., apart from users and items there are other types of entities present within the system, and the interaction between the users and items occurs in multiple contexts and scenarios. The presence of multiple types of entities within a heterogeneous information network, opens up new interaction modalities for generating recommendations to the users. The key contribution of the proposed dissertation is representation learning in heterogeneous information networks for the recommendations task. Query-based information retrieval is one of the primary ways in which meaningful nuggets of information is retrieved from large amounts of data. Here the query is represented as a user’s information need. In a homogeneous setting, in the absence of type and contextual side information, the retrieval context for a user boils down to the user’s preferences over observed items. In a heterogeneous setting, information regarding entity types and preference context is available. Thus query-based contextual recommendations are possible in a heterogeneous network. The contextual query could be type-based (e.g., directors, actors, movies, books etc.) or value-based (e.g., based on tag values, genre values such as “Comedy”, “Romance”) or a combination of Types and Values. Exemplar-based information retrieval is another technique for of filtering information, where the objective is to retrieve similar entities based on a set of examples. This dissertation proposes approaches for recommendation tasks in heterogeneous networks, based on these retrieval mechanisms present in traditional information retrieval domain. Representation learning in Heterogeneous Information Networks for User Modeling and Recommendations
Parents of disabled children. The educational system and the everyday challenges

The purpose of this presentation is to present how parents with disabled children view and understand the existence of their disabled children through the lens of special education professionals and also how professionals experienced and are affected from this understanding. After a lot of discussions and also after the completion of a questionnaire it had been discovered that parents of disabled children seemed to be a great issue for the professionals who work with their disabled children in case of Cyprus. Thus the Ministry of Education and Culture decided to organize a program which its aim will be to evaluate the difficulties that the professionals faced and secondly it will provide them with the right skills in order to make them able and ready to come across those difficulties. This program consisted of two meetings during the school year 2005-2006 and six meetings during 2006-2007. Parents of disabled children seemed to be a big issue to professionals, since their behaviour sometimes caused lot of difficulties in the everyday life of a school. The group of professionals was made of 22 “special” education teachers who work in the Ministry of Education and Culture. The group was closed for everyone else apart from the two educational psychologists who were responsible for the program and the representative of the Special Education Department. All the information that was mentioned in those groups could not be shared or discussed anywhere else apart from the specific group. It was decided from the organizing team as well that those meetings must be held in places other than school places, since this will provide the participants the chance to talk freely in a much different environment than their everyday environment at work. The analysis on the results is based on qualitative methods, since the group of professionals acts as a focus group.
Guidelines for musculoskeletal ultrasound in rheumatology

Within the past decade, musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) has become an established imaging technique for the diagnosis and follow up of patients with rheumatic diseases.1-5 This has been made possible through technological improvements, resulting in faster computers and higher frequency transducers. US is most commonly used in the assessment of soft tissue disease or detection of fluid collection and can also be used to visualise other structures, such as cartilage and bone surfaces.6 7 Owing to the better axial and lateral resolution of US, even minute bone surface abnormalities may be depicted. Thus destructive and/or reparative/hypertrophic changes on the bone surface may be seen before they are apparent on plain x rays or even magnetic resonance imaging.8 However, US wave frequencies cannot penetrate into bone, therefore imaging of intra-articular disease is usually not possible. The “real time” capability of US allows dynamic assessment of joint and tendon movements, which can often aid the detection of structural abnormalities. Advantages of US include its non-invasiveness, portability, relative inexpensiveness, lack of ionising radiation, and its ability to be repeated as often as necessary, making it particularly useful for the monitoring of treatment. US can also be used for guidance of aspiration, biopsy, and injection treatment.9 Most musculoskeletal work is performed using “grey scale”, which means images are produced in a black and white format; each white dot in the image represents a reflected sound wave. Sound waves travel in a similar way to light waves and therefore the denser a material is—for example, bone cortex, the more reflective it is and the whiter it appears on the screen. Water is the least reflective body material and therefore appears as black as the sound waves travel straight through it. Newer US techniques, which are currently being evaluated, include colour and power …
Myths, Miracles, and Mirages

Injuries from man-made, generated, or "technical" electricity have been reported for only about 150 years; but injuries from lightning must surely predate written records. Depictions of lightning affecting people or events appear in writings and drawings from almost every ancient religion. ' Although such an occurrence was sometimes interpreted as a positive sign of blessing, more often it was seen as a sign of the gods' warning or vengeance. Priests-the earliest astronomers and meteorologists-became proficient at weather prediction, interpreting changes in weather as omens of good or bad fortune, sometimes to the advantage of their political mentors. Observations of lightning and other natural phenomena were often used to decide matters of state, the scheduling of battles, or other events. Lightning from the east was usually seen as a good omen. This is reasonable because it is probably the end of a storm. Lightning from the west was ominous, but also meant a storm was probably approaching. Over the centuries, superstitions and myths have grown up about lightning that include avoidance, protection, the types of injuries, and their treatment. '. ' In this article, I cannot be all-inclusive but will attempt to discuss some of the more common ideas, particularly those related to the medical field, as well as some myths about injuries from the newer form of injury by generated electricity. I will leave discussion of appropriate lightning and electrical protection to those who are more knowledgeable in these areas and have been kind enough to write articles for these issues of Seminars. Disclaimer: This article is not meant to be a scientific treatise but to be entertaining and perhaps enlightening (no pun intended since it is a different spelling). I am giving my best reply to these myths based on a composite of 17 years of experience, reading, and discussions with patients, families, and professionals from many areas of expertise. I have had to reverse myself enough times since I began investigating lightning injuries in 1977 to ever claim that I know all there is to know about it and will be the first to encourage research into any of these questions. I hope you will have fun reading this and investigating these areas for yourself. ',' It seems that everyone has a lightning story.
Does moderate alcohol use affect health-care costs? A propensity analysis of female health-care workers.

AIMS To determine differences in health-care costs associated with moderate alcohol consumption among female health-care workers while controlling for other risk factors that may be correlated with alcohol use. DESIGN AND SETTING Non-randomized, prospective, observational study of health-care costs by female health-care workers in a large managed care organization recruited between 1 January 1998 and 1 July 2000. PARTICIPANTS Six hundred and eighty-five female employees, continuously and stably employed by the managed care organization, who received health-care through the affiliated managed care organization. All women completed a health risk appraisal as part of the company's Employee Wellness Plan; 218 women were categorized as moderate drinkers and 467 as abstainers/light drinkers. MEASUREMENTS Total costs of in-plan and out-of-plan health-care utilization, by type of service, during the 6 month period after completing the health risk survey were calculated. FINDINGS Using 218 one-to-one matched pairs of moderate drinkers and abstainers/light drinkers, no significant differences in total, outpatient or inpatient costs were observed during the 6 month observation period. Pharmacy costs were significantly lower for moderate drinkers (-43 dollars, 95% CI = -88.82 dollars to -2.41 dollars), primarily due to differences in costs from anxiolytic (including barbiturates and benzodiazepines), hypnotic and sedative drug fills. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate the value of risk factor matching when studying the relationship between alcohol use and health-care utilization. The discovery of differential pharmacy utilization raises the possibility that alcohol consumption may reduce the use of prescribed central nervous system depressants.
Support Systems and Deceptive Communication clgss 01 . pdf

Electronic communication is becoming more pervasive worldwide with the spread of the Internet, especially through the World Wide Web and electronic mail. Yet, as with all human communication, electronic communication is vulnerable to deceit on the part of senders, and to the less than stellar performance of most people at detecting deceit aimed at them. Despite considerable research over the years into both computermediated communication and into deception, there has been little if any research at the intersection of these two research streams. In this paper, we review these two streams and suggest a research model for investigating their intersection, focusing on group support systems as an electronic medium. We focus specifically on research questions concerning how successful people are at deceiving others through computer-mediated communication, and how successful people are at detecting such deception. We also suggest three propositions for guiding research in this area.
Mitotic spindle pulls but fails to separate chromosomes in type II DNA topoisomerase mutants: uncoordinated mitosis

The fission yeast top2 locus is defined by five temperature‐sensitive mutations that cause heat‐labile activity of type II DNA topoisomerase in the cell extracts. We show that the top2 locus is a structural gene for type II toposiomerase by cloning a genomic DNA fragment that complements top2. The top2 mutants at restrictive temperature produce abnormal chromosomes at the time of mitotis; these are transiently extended into filamentous structures along with the elongating mitotic spindle but are not separated. A primary defect in top2 appears to be the formation of aberrant mitotic chromosomes inseparable by the force generated by the spindle apparatus. Consistently, the top2 cells that become lethal during mitotis contain a catenated dimer of an ARS plasmid. DNA and RNA continue to be synthesized if cytokinesis is blocked. Uncoordinated mitosis, that is the occurrence of spindle dynamics without chromosome separation, is revealed in top2, and is discussed in relation to mitotic regulation. Different phenotypes between top2 and top1–top2 described in the present paper can be explained by a previously proposed hypothesis that type II topoisomerase has dual in vivo functions: one that decatenates and unknots duplex DNAs is essential in mitotis, whereas the other which relaxes supercoils is required throughout the cell cycle if type I topoisomerase is absent.
Association between early returns and frequent ED visits at a rural academic medical center.

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of frequent emergency department (ED) use on early returns to the ED at a large rural academic medical center. An analysis was done of all 35,440 visits by 22,442 individuals to a large rural academic medical center ED during calendar year 2000. Of 35,440 ED visits, there were 1,992 (5.62%) return visits within 72 hours (early return). Frequent ED visits (visits made by individuals making 4 or more visits per year) was a predictor of early return visits (odds ratio [OR] 3.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.93-3.52; Wald chi(2), P <. 0001). Of 22,442 individuals who came to the ED during the study period, 1,601 (7.13%) returned within 72 hours. Frequency of ED use by a particular individual (4 or more visits per year) was also a predictor of early return for that individual (OR 14.55, 95% CI 12.84-16.48; Wald chi(2), P <. 000001). The high rate of early returns to this rural academic ED was significantly associated with frequent visits (4 or more times per year) to the ED by particular individual.