Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated Intelligent Pilots for Combat Flight Simulation

TacAir-Soar is an intelligent, rule-based system that generates believable "human-like" behavior for military simulations. The innovation of the application is primarily a matter of scale and integration. The system is capable of executing most of the airborne missions that the United States military flies in fixed-wing aircraft. It accomplishes this by integrating a wide variety of intelligent capabilities, including reasoning about interacting goals, reacting to rapid changes in real time (or faster), communicating and coordinating with other agents (including humans), maintaining situational awareness, and accepting new orders while in flight. The system is currently deployed at the Oceana Naval Air Station WISSARD, and its most dramatic use to date was in the Synthetic Theater Of War 1997, an operational training exercise consisting of 48 straight hours and approximately 700 fixed-wing aircraft flights, all flown by instances of the TacAir-Soar system.
Fluoxetine Induced Dyskinesia

A case of fluoxetine induced dyskinesia in an elderly woman with previous use of low dose haloperidol is described. In contrast to neuroleptic induced tardive dyskinesia it was characterised by a rapid onset after commencing fluoxetine and rapid resolution on cessation. In the case discussion we describe other cases of fluoxetine induced extrapyramidal syndromes and possible mechanisms.
Assessing Internal Software Quality Attributes of the Object-Oriented and Service-Oriented Software Development Paradigms: A Comparative Study

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is becoming the dominant approach for developing and organizing distributed enterprise-wide applications. Although the concepts of SOA have been extensively described in the literature and in-dustry, the effects of adopting SOA on software quality are still unclear. The aim of the paper is to analyze how adopt-ing SOA can affect software quality as opposed to the Object-Oriented (OO) paradigm and expose the differential implications of adopting both paradigms on software quality. The paper provides a brief introduction of the architectural differences between the Service-Oriented (SO) and OO paradigms and a description of internal software quality metrics used for the comparison. The effects and differences are exposed by providing a case study architected for both paradigms. The quantitative measure concluded in the paper showed that a software system developed using SOA approach provides higher reusability and lower coupling among software modules, but at the same time higher complexity than those of the OO approach. It was also found that some of the existing OO software quality metrics are inapplicable to SOA software systems. As a consequence, new metrics need to be developed specifically to SOA software systems.
Parallel DFT gradients using the Fourier Transform Coulomb method

The recently described Fourier Transform Coulomb (FTC) algorithm for fast and accurate calculation of Density Functional Theory (DFT) gradients (Füsti‐Molnar, J Chem Phys 2003, 119, 11080) has been parallelized. We present several calculations showing the speed and accuracy of our new parallel FTC gradient code, comparing its performance with our standard DFT code. For that part of the total derivative Coulomb potential that can be evaluated in plane wave space, the current parallel FTC gradient algorithm is up to 200 times faster in total than our classical all‐integral algorithm, depending on the system size and basis set, with essentially no loss in accuracy. Proposed modifications should further improve the overall performance relative to the classical algorithm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007
MacroD1 Is a Promiscuous ADP-Ribosyl Hydrolase Localized to Mitochondria

MacroD1 is a macrodomain containing protein that has mono-ADP-ribose hydrolase enzymatic activity toward several ADP-ribose adducts. Dysregulation of MacroD1 expression has been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of several forms of cancer. To date, the physiological functions and sub-cellular localization of MacroD1 are unclear. Previous studies have described nuclear and cytosolic functions of MacroD1. However, in this study we show that endogenous MacroD1 protein is highly enriched within mitochondria. We also show that MacroD1 is highly expressed in human and mouse skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we show that MacroD1 can efficiently remove ADP-ribose from 5′ and 3′-phosphorylated double stranded DNA adducts in vitro. Overall, we have shown that MacroD1 is a mitochondrial protein with promiscuous enzymatic activity that can target the ester bonds of ADP-ribosylated phosphorylated double-stranded DNA ends. These findings have exciting implications for MacroD1 and ADP-ribosylation within the regulation of mitochondrial function and DNA-damage in vivo.
Collagen I gel promotes homogenous osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in serum-derived albumin scaffold

Repair of bone defects is a difficult clinical problem for reconstructive surgeons. Bone tissue engineering using an appropriate scaffold with cells is a new therapy for the repair of bone defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro osteogenesis of canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) cultured in a combination of collagen I gel and a porous serum-derived albumin scaffold. A serum-derived albumin scaffold was prepared with canine serum by cross-linking and freeze-drying procedures. Ad-MSCs were seeded into serum-derived albumin scaffolds with or without collagen I gel, and were exposed to osteogenic differentiation conditions in vitro. After 28 days of in vitro culture, the distribution and osteogenic differentiation of Ad-MSCs cultured in the scaffold were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, and calcium colorimetric assay. Ad-MSCs showed more homogeneous distribution and osteogenic differentiation in the scaffold with collagen I gel than without collagen I gel. ALP activity and extracellular matrix mineralization in the construct with type I collagen were significantly higher than in the construct without type I collagen (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the combination of collagen I gel and the serum-derived albumin scaffold enhanced osteogenic differentiation and homogenous distribution of Ad-MSCs.
Are radiological joint space widths of normal hips asymmetrical?

BACKGROUND To be certain that the joint space width is abnormal in the case of hip joint pain when compared with the contralateral hip requires knowledge of physiological dissymmetry. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess interindividual variability and dissymmetry in pelvic radiological joint space width. METHODS Pelvic radiographs of subjects without hip joint disease. Measurement with a 0.1 mm graduated magnifying glass and 0.5 mm graduated flat ruler at the hip superointermediate site (vertical going through the femoral head centre). After randomisation of the side to measure, analysis of nine groups of 19 plain films by one investigator blind for the result of the contralateral side. RESULTS The difference between the left and right hip was plotted against the corresponding mean for all 171 normal subjects This shows the frequency and the limits of the asymmetry at each measurement site. The asymmetry is independent of interindividual variability of the joint space width and greater than the measurement error in most subjects. CONCLUSION This study confirms the interindividual variability of hip joint space width, shows the frequency of hip joint space asymmetry and defines its limit.
Involvement of Intracellular Ca2+in the Regulation of Bovine Leukemia Virus Expression

Abstract The calcium ionophore A23187, which was used to i n c rease the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca[2+]]), was analyzed for effects on bovine leukemia virus (BLV) expression in two BLV infected cell lines. To clarify the role of intracellular free calcium in this response, [Ca[2+]] was measured during ionophore treatment with the fluorescent calcium indicator Fura-2. Elevation of intracellular calcium under these conditions caused an enhancement of BLV gp51 and p24 synthesis as well as an activation of the BLV long terminal repeat (LTR) in a dosedependent manner. Furthermore, it was observed that elevated levels of intracellular calcium following A23187 stimulation lead to activation of NFκB . Based on inhibitor studies, we hypothesize that the effect of A23187 on BLV expression appears to be mediated by PKC.
On the Achievable Rate of OFDM With Index Modulation

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM) is a recently developed transmission technique that extends the principle of spatial modulation to OFDM subcarriers. In this paper, the performance of OFDM-IM is studied in terms of the achievable rate assuming an M-ary constellation and that channel state information is available at the receiver. A closed-form lower bound is derived, based on which an interleaved grouping method is proposed for the use of subcarriers. In comparison with the existing grouping method, the proposed one can better benefit from the diversity effects over frequency-selective fading channels, especially when the spacing of any two subcarriers within a subcarrier group is larger than the coherence bandwidth. Through numerical results, it is revealed that OFDM-IM with interleaved grouping outperforms classical OFDM for small M and certain ranges of signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, the effects of modulation types on the performance of OFDM-IM are studied. It is found that the superiority of OFDM-IM over classical OFDM is greater for phase-shift keying than for quadrature amplitude modulation.
The Role of Internal Reference Points in the Category Purchase Decision

The authors study the role that reference effects play in the category purchase decision for consumer nondurable products. Category purchase behavior is represented by a nested logit model that is estimated on purchase records of shoppers in two Universal Product Code (UPC) scanner panels. A series of hypotheses are developed, modeled, and tested regarding the effects that internal reference points for product category attractiveness are likely to have on the decision to buy in a product category on a store visit. The authors hypothesize that the difference between a shopper's reference point for category attractiveness and the current level of category attractiveness will affect the purchase decision. In particular, the extent of purchase postponement caused by a loss (i.e., a negative discrepancy) should exceed the acceleration caused by a gain (i.e., a positive discrepancy). Reference effects on the category purchase decision are also hypothesized to interact with the shopper's familiarity with the store visited on a given trip. In particular, the impact of losses is predicted to be higher in unfamiliar than in familiar stores. The authors present model estimates and test results from two product categories (saltine crackers and liquid laundry detergent) and find all hypotheses to be supported. Copyright 1999 by the University of Chicago.
Serial Killers: Offender's Relationship to the Victim and Selected Demographics

Currently it is generally accepted among members of the law enforcement community, forensic psychologists, criminologists and profilers that serial killers are mostly white males in their twenties and thirties of above average intelligence who usually commit intra-racial murders of strangers. The present paper focuses on validation of these hypotheses through the study of 21 serial killers (and their 97 victims), whose cases have been closed by arrest and finalised in terms of convictions and appeals. The issues of prior charges, military service, marital status, criminal organisation, modus operandi and psychiatric diagnosis are included in the analysis as well. It is concluded that though currently accepted hypotheses still hold in general, the melting pot trend of the modern society towards diversity and interdependence leads to far more complex a picture of serial killers than previously thought. Implications of these findings for law enforcement, forensic psychology and profiling are discussed.
Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus: Classification, Animal Reservoirs and Transmission Routes

During the past ten years, several new hepatitis E viruses (HEVs) have been identified in various animal species. In parallel, the number of reports of autochthonous hepatitis E in Western countries has increased as well, raising the question of what role these possible animal reservoirs play in human infections. The aim of this review is to present the recent discoveries of animal HEVs and their classification within the Hepeviridae family, their zoonotic and species barrier crossing potential, and possible use as models to study hepatitis E pathogenesis. Lastly, this review describes the transmission pathways identified from animal sources.
Beneficial yet crappy: Journalists and audiences on obstacles and opportunities in reader comments

Reader comments have been a growing part of user-generated content on news sites for some 10 years now. Although activity is still relatively low, interest among the public is generally high; however, journalists still show a general resistance to audience participation. The aim of our study is to examine attitudes to reader comments from two different perspectives: the public’s and the journalists’. The findings derive from one Swedish survey from each group, both of which had a response rate of about 60%. The main result shows that a large proportion of the public does not have any opinion on reader comments, but when they do, support is widespread. Furthermore, journalists have stronger opinions and are rather critical towards reader comments.
Normal Approximations to the Distributions of the Wilcoxon Statistics: Accurate to What N? Graphical Insights

The Wilcoxon statistics are usually taught as nonparametric alternatives for the 1- and 2-sample Student-t statistics in situations where the data appear to arise from non-normal distributions, or where sample sizes are so small that we cannot check whether they do. In the past, critical values, based on exact tail areas, were presented in tables, often laid out in a way that saves space but makes them confusing to look up. Recently, a number of textbooks have bypassed the tables altogether, and suggested using normal approximations to these distributions, but these texts are inconsistent as to the sample size n at which the standard normal distribution becomes more accurate as an approximation. In the context of non-normal data, students can find the use of this approximation confusing. This is unfortunate given that the reasoning behind—and even the derivation of—the exact distributions can be so easy to teach but also help students understand the logic behind rank tests. This note describes a heuristic approach to the Wilcoxon statistics. Going back to first principles, we represent graphically their exact distributions. To our knowledge (and surprise) these pictorial representations have not been shown earlier. These plots illustrate very well the approximate normality of the statistics with increasing sample sizes, and importantly, their remarkably fast convergence.
Inducing criteria for mass noun lexical mappings using the Cyc KB, and its extension to WordNet

This paper presents an automatic approach for learning semantic criteria for the mass versus count noun distinction by induction over the lexical mappings contained in the Cyc knowledge base. This produces accurate results (89.5%) using a decision tree that only incorporates semantic features (i.e., Cyc ontological types). Comparable results (86.9%) are obtained using OpenCyc, the publicly available version of Cyc. For broader applicability, the mass noun criteria using Cyc are converted into criteria using WordNet, preserving the general accuracy (86.3%).
Genetic screening for homozygous and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common inherited disorder that results in premature atherosclerosis. Diagnosis of FH is suspected on the basis of clinical criteria, but confirmation requires genetic testing. In the era of statins, early diagnosis and initiation of treatment can modify disease progression and outcomes. Therefore, cascade screening with a combination of lipid concentration measurements and DNA testing should be used to identify relatives of index cases with a clinical diagnosis of FH. Autosomal dominant FH is related to mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB), or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) genes. Genetic screening of the LDLR gene is challenging to achieve at a feasible cost, especially in people who do not have a founder effect. Nucleotide sequencing of all exons and flanking splicing regions in combination with multiplex ligation probe amplification to detect large insertions or deletions is considered the gold-standard approach to screen for LDLR mutations. Alternatively, the cDNA can be sequenced; however, this procedure is not suitable for use in large populations, because of the need of RNA extraction. Multiplex analysis can be appropriate for population with founder effects or a low number of different mutations. Finally, there are many techniques for a mutation scanning approach, which have some benefits over sequencing, and also with the potential for detecting known and novel mutations. Familial defective Apo B is amenable to genetic diagnosis by screening for a few mutations. Recently, gain-of-function mutations in PCSK9 gene have been demonstrated to cause FH phenotype. Strategies for population screening, cost-effectiveness of genetic screening, ethical aspects, and insurance policies are discussed and need implementation worldwide.
American media messages and public opinion on the Palestinian uprising

Abstract The Palestinian uprising has precipitated widespread debate about American media representation and influence of public opinion. This study was undertaken to determine whether American media coverage of the violence corresponded with American public attitudes. American media messages and public opinion were compared on four central topics: the significance of the uprising in relation to other international issues, judgment of the parties’ handling of the confrontation, blame for the violence, and attitudes toward Israel's use of force. This study finds a considerable gap between American media messages and public opinion on the uprising and suggests that, consequently, it is questionable whether the American media can be said to influence public opinion on this issue.
The impact of police training in mental health: an example from Australia

The Mental Health Intervention Team (MHIT) programme was developed by New South Wales Police Force (NSWPF) to improve police capacity to respond efficiently and safely to incidents involving persons with a mental illness (PWMI). The programme was initiated in 2008 in three Local Area Commands, wherein 111 officers received enhanced training. It has since been funded for roll-out across the Force. In this paper, we evaluate the success of the MHIT against its key aims: to reduce injury to police and people with a mental illness during their interactions, to enhance awareness amongst police of issues relating to mental illness and how best to mitigate these, to improve interagency collaboration in responding to PWMI and to reduce the amount of unnecessary time police spend on mental health events. We conclude that the MHIT led to increased confidence among police in dealing with mental health-related events, reduced police involvement in transportation of PWMI and improved handover between police and mental health care services. Despite such positive findings, difficulties with interagency cooperation remained, which – we argue – reflects differences in organisational and accountability structures, and concern among NSWPF's partners about the flow-on implications for their own resources. One remedy, we conclude, may lie in a fundamental reconfiguration of public sector responses to PWMI.
Verbal working memory and sentence comprehension: A multiple-components view.

Semantic and syntactic aspects of sentence comprehension were investigated for 3 patients who showed different patterns of performance on short-term memory tasks. On a sentence anomaly judgment task assessing the retention of semantic information, only patient A.B. showed a detrimental effect on comprehension with increases in the number of words to be held in an unintegrated fashion. On judgments of grammatical acceptability, only patient M.W. demonstrated a detrimental effect of increasing the number of words intervening between the words signaling that a sentence was ungrammatical. The results suggest that semantic and syntactic components must be postulated in addition to the phonological and articulatory components of A. D. Baddeley's (1986, 1990) working memory model. Although the phonological, semantic, and syntactic components may be differentiall y affected by brain damage, the components interact and support each other in normal comprehension. The working memory model initially proposed by Baddeley and Hitch (1974) has played an important role in neuropsychological studies of brain-damaged patients with language disorders. The essential insight of their model was that working memory should not be seen as a unitary store, but rather as consisting of different components with separate storage capacities. It differed in this respect from the so-called modal model of memory (Murdock, 1974), which posited a single store in which information of all types was maintained prior to transfer to long-term memory (e.g., Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968; Waugh & Norman, 1965). Baddeley and Hitch's now well-known model separated a central executive component of working memory from peripheral storage devices dedicated to the maintenance of different types of information. The central executive was seen as an attention-controlling system with storage space of its own, which directed the processes involved in cognitive functions and which drew on the information stored in the peripheral stores. The peripheral storage devices included a phonemically based rehearsal buffer, currently termed the phonological loop, and a visual buffer, currently termed the visuospatial sketchpad (Baddeley, 1986, 1990). The phonological loop itself may be broken down into two components, a phonological storage component and an articulatory rehearsal component (Salame & Baddeley, 1982; Vallar & Baddeley, 1984a).
EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION RESISTANCE IN ESCHERICHIA COLI

Ultraviolet (UV) light is a major cause of stress, mutation, and mortality in microorganisms, causing numerous forms of cellular damage. Nevertheless, there is tremendous variation within and among bacterial species in their sensitivity to UV light. We investigated direct and correlated responses to selection during exposure to UV. Replicate lines of Escherichia coli K12 were propagated for 600 generations, half with UV and half as a control without UV. All lines responded to selection, and we found strong positive and negative correlated responses to selection associated with increased UV resistance. Compared to Control populations, UV‐selected populations increased in desiccation and starvation resistance approximately twofold but were 10 times more sensitive to hypersalinity. There was little evidence for a persistent large competitive fitness cost to UV resistance. These results suggest that natural variation in UV resistance may be maintained by trade‐offs for resistance to other abiotic sources of mortality. We observed an average twofold increase in cell size by the UV‐selected populations, consistent with a structural mode of adaptation to UV exposure having preadaptive and maladaptive consequences to other abiotic stresses.