Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broadband Coherent Light Generation in Raman-Active Crystals

Short pulse generation requires a wide phase-locked spectrum. Earlier the short pulses were obtained by expanding the spectrum of a mode locked laser from self phase modulation (SPM) in an optical fiber and then compensating for group velocity dispersion (GVD) by diffraction grating and prism pairs. Pulses as short as 4.4 fs have been generated (Steinmeyer et al., 1999). For ultrafast measurements on the time scale of electronic motion, generation of subfemtosecond pulses is needed. Generation of subfemtosecond pulses with a spectrum centered around the visible region is even more desirable, due to the fact that the pulse duration will be shorter than the optical period and will allow sub-cycle field shaping. As a result, a direct and precise control of electron trajectories in photoionization and highorder harmonic generation will become possible. But to break the few-fs barrier new approaches are needed. In recent past, broadband collinear Raman generation in molecular gases has been used to produce mutually coherent equidistant frequency sidebands spanning several octaves of optical bandwidths (Sokolov & Harris, 2003). It has been argued that these sidebands can be used to synthesize optical pulses as short as a fraction of a fs (Sokolov et al., 2005). The Raman technique relied on adiabatic preparation of near-maximal molecular coherence by driving the molecular transition slightly off resonance so that a single molecular superposition state is excited. Molecular motion, in turn, modulates the driving laser frequencies and a very broad spectrum is generated, hence the term for this process “molecular modulation”. By phase locking, a pulse train with a time interval of the inverse of the Raman shift frequency is generated. While at present isolated attosecond X-ray pulses are obtained by high harmonic generation (HHG) (Kienberger et al., 2004), the pulses are difficult to control because of intrinsic problems of X-ray optics. Besides, the conversion efficiency into these pulses is very low (typically 10−5). On the other hand, the Raman technique shows promise for highly efficient production of such ultrashort pulses in the near-visible spectral region, where such pulses inevitably express single-cycle nature and may allow non-sinusoidal field synthesis (Sokolov et al., 2005). In the Raman technique ns pulses are applied for preparing maximal coherence when gas is used as a Raman medium. When the pulse duration is shorter than the dephasing time T2 Source: Advances in Lasers and Electro Optics, Book edited by: Nelson Costa and Adolfo Cartaxo, ISBN 978-953-307-088-9, pp. 838, April 2010, INTECH, Croatia, downloaded from SCIYO.COM
Oral health status and treatment need of 11-13-year-old urban children in Tibet, China.

OBJECTIVE To describe the oral health status and treatment need of 11-13-year-old children in urban Tibet and to determine if there was a difference in oral health status between the Tibetan and Han children. SURVEY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: The two largest primary schools in Lhasa, Tibet, were selected and all children aged between 11 and 13 years were surveyed. Each child was interviewed and clinically examined in the schools, using portable equipment, by one of four calibrated examiners. The examination procedures and diagnostic criteria used followed those recommended by the World Health Organization. RESULTS 347 children (207 Tibetans and 140 Han) were surveyed. Over 90% of the children claimed to brush their teeth at least once a day. Three-quarters had never visited a dentist. Caries prevalence was 44% in the Tibetans and 24% in the Han (P<0.001). The mean DMFT scores of the Tibetans and Han were 0.8 and 0.4 respectively (P<0.001). Only 1% of the children in both ethnic groups had healthy gums (highest CPI score = 0) and about two-thirds of them had calculus. One-third of the children were in need of treatment for dental caries and most of the required treatment items were one-surface fillings but 10% of the children needed extraction. CONCLUSION Dental caries and treatment need level of both Tibetan and Han children in Tibet was low but their periodontal health status was unsatisfactory.
Thinking, Fast and Slow: Combining Vector Spaces and Knowledge Graphs

Knowledge graphs and vector space models are robust knowledge representation techniques with individual strengths and weaknesses. Vector space models excel at determining similarity between concepts, but are severely constrained when evaluating complex dependency relations and other logic-based operations that are a strength of knowledge graphs. We describe the VKG structure that helps unify knowledge graphs and vector representation of entities, and enables powerful inference methods and search capabilities that combine their complementary strengths. We analogize this to thinking `fast' in vector space along with thinking 'slow' and `deeply' by reasoning over the knowledge graph. We have created a query processing engine that takes complex queries and decomposes them into subqueries optimized to run on the respective knowledge graph or vector view of a VKG. We show that the VKG structure can process specific queries that are not efficiently handled by vector spaces or knowledge graphs alone. We also demonstrate and evaluate the VKG structure and the query processing engine by developing a system called Cyber-All-Intel for knowledge extraction, representation and querying in an end-to-end pipeline grounded in the cybersecurity informatics domain. arXiv:1708.03310v2 [cs.AI]
Sexual Homicide

The findings from this exploratory study are reported in terms of the descriptive background characteristics of 36 sexual murderers, their behaviors and experiences in connection with their developmental stages, and the central role of sadistic fantasy and critical cognitive structures that support the act of sexual murder. A five-phase motivational model is presented: (1) ineffective social environment, (2) formative events, (3) critical personal traits and cognitive mapping process, (4) action toward others and self, and (5) feedback filter.
Can syllabification improve pronunciation by analogy of English?

In spite of difficulty in defining the syllable unequivocally, and controversy over its role in theories of spoken and written language processing, the syllable is a potentially useful unit in several practical tasks which arise in computational linguistics and speech technology. For instance, syllable structure might embody valuable information for building word models in automatic speech recognition, and concatenative speech synthesis might use syllables or demisyllables as basic units. In this paper, we first present an algorithm for determining syllable boundaries in the orthographic form of unknown words that works by analogical reasoning from a database or corpus of known syllabifications. We call this syllabification by analogy (SbA). It is similarly motivated to our existing pronunciation by analogy (PbA) which predicts pronunciations for unknown words (specified by their spellings) by inference from a dictionary of known word spellings and corresponding pronunciations. We show that including perfect (according to the corpus) syllable boundary information in the orthographic input can dramatically improve the performance of pronunciation by analogy of English words, but such information would not be available to a practical system. So we next investigate combining automatically-inferred syllabification and pronunciation in two different ways: the series model in which syllabification is followed sequentially by pronunciation generation; and the parallel model in which syllabification and pronunciation are simultaneously inferred. Unfortunately, neither improves performance over PbA without syllabification. Possible reasons for this failure are explored via an analysis of syllabification and pronunciation errors.
A new histological therapeutic classification system to predict eradicated and residual lymph nodes in breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

The indication for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has recently broadened to include its use in the treatment of initial stage breast cancer. Axillary lymph node metastasis after NAC in breast cancer is a poor prognostic factor. Thus, the prediction of lymph node metastasis is important to estimate the prognosis of breast cancer patients after NAC. Therefore, we focused on residual carcinoma patterns of primary breast tumors after NAC and examined the correlation between the patterns and lymph node metastasis. In this study, we examined 50 breast cancer specimens and associated dissected lymph nodes after NAC. We divided 40 cases into an eradicated lymph node group and a residual lymph node group to analyze residual carcinoma patterns of primary breast tumors. Residual carcinoma patterns were classified according to the cell density of carcinoma cells: dense, focal/nested and sporadic/in-situ. There were significant differences in residual carcinoma patterns (P<0.01) among the three pattern groups. There was a high incidence of dense patterns in the residual lymph node group and a high incidence of sporadic/in-situ patterns in the eradicated lymph node group. Analysis of residual carcinoma patterns of primary breast tumors and clinicopathological factors demonstrated that there were significant differences in tumor reduced ratio on CT (P<0.001), primary tumor area before NAC (P<0.01), primary tumor area after NAC (P<0.00001), intrinsic subtype (P<0.01), Ki-67 labeling index (P<0.01), histological grade (P<0.05) and mitotic count (P<0.01) between the dense and non-dense groups. Therefore, our results suggest that the residual carcinoma pattern is useful for predicting eradicated or residual lymph nodes and the malignant potential in breast cancer after NAC.
The Patterned Inconsistency of Traits: Mapping the Differential Effects of Social Roles on Self-Perceptions of the Big Five

Role-related differences in self-perceptions on the Big Five are evaluated for 262 participants who described their general self-image and several role identities on the Big Five Inventory (BFI). As expected, considerable Correlational consistency among the self-perceptions coexisted with normative mean-level differences between the general self-image and the role identities on all five BEI scales. Several normative differences in self-description were predicted from four broad features of roles: the number of interactants involved in a role, the ease with which role relationships may be terminated, the presence of a legitimized chain of authority, and the level of intimacy typically expressed in the role.
Nonstructural Proteins 1 and 2 of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Suppress Maturation of Human Dendritic Cells

ABSTRACT Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important agent of serious pediatric respiratory tract disease worldwide. One of the main characteristics of RSV is that it readily reinfects and causes disease throughout life without the need for significant antigenic change. The virus encodes nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and NS2, which are known to suppress type I interferon (IFN) production and signaling. In the present study, we monitored the maturation of human monocyte-derived myeloid dendritic cells (DC) following inoculation with recombinant RSVs bearing deletions of the NS1 and/or NS2 proteins and expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein. Deletion of the NS1 protein resulted in increased expression of cell surface markers of DC maturation and an increase in the expression of multiple cytokines and chemokines. This effect was enhanced somewhat by further deletion of the NS2 protein, although deletion of NS2 alone did not have a significant effect. The upregulation was largely inhibited by pretreatment with a blocking antibody against the type I IFN receptor, suggesting that suppression of DC maturation by NS1/2 is, at least in part, a result of IFN antagonism mediated by these proteins. Therefore, this study identified another effect of the NS1 and NS2 proteins. The observed suppression of DC maturation may result in decreased antigen presentation and T-lymphocyte activation, leading to incomplete and/or weak immune responses that might contribute to RSV reinfection.
Improved State Estimation in Quadrotor MAVs: A Novel Drift-Free Velocity Estimator

This paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of a novel state estimator for a Quadrotor Micro Aerial Vehicle. Dynamic equations which relate acceleration, attitude and the aero-dynamic propeller drag are encapsulated in an extended Kalman filter framework for estimating the velocity and the attitude of the quadrotor. It is demonstrated that exploiting the relationship between the body frame accelerations and velocities, due to blade flapping, enables drift free estimation of lateral and longitudinal components of body frame translational velocity along with improvements to roll and pitch components of body attitude estimations. Real world data sets gathered using a commercial off-the-shelf quadrotor platform, together with ground truth data from a Vicon system, are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Cross-Setting Correspondence in Sociometric Nominations Among Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Peer problems are common among children with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). However, the extent to which children’s peer functioning varies across settings is unknown, as is the incremental power of peer functioning in different settings in predicting subsequent psychopathology. Participants were 57 children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) who had peer sociometric nominations collected in general education classrooms and a Summer Treatment Program (STP) with all-EBD peers. Significant, small-to-medium correlations existed between nomination rates across settings. Lower rates of STP positive nominations and higher rates of STP negative nominations (but not classroom nominations) predicted exacerbated self-reported depression and antisocial behavior 1 year later. Lower rates of STP positive nominations, but higher rates of classroom positive nominations, predicted increased self-reported depression 2 years later. For children with high rates of classroom positive nominations, higher rates of STP positive nominations predicted reduced parent-reported internalizing behavior 1 year later. For children with low rates of classroom negative nominations, higher rates of STP negative nominations predicted increased teacher-reported externalizing behavior 1 year later and self-reported depression 2 years later. Results suggest that sociometric nominations collected within an EBD peer group may have stronger predictive power for later adjustment than nominations collected in a mainstream classroom.
A Utilização do Genograma como instrumento de coleta de dados na pesquisa qualitativa

O Genograma e uma representacao grafica da familia e tem sido utilizado em diversos contextos. Este artigo visa destacar a relevância da utilizacao do genograma na pesquisa qualitativa e propor um procedimento de aplicacao e analise do mesmo. As informacoes reunidas pelo genograma podem incluir aspectos geneticos, medicos, sociais, comportamentais, relacionais e culturais, que denotam a estrutura e configuracao da familia dando indicios de seu funcionamento e dinâmica. Propoe-se que os questionamentos, comentarios e verbalizacoes realizados pelo pesquisador durante a aplicacao do instrumento sejam classificados de acordo com o sistema de categorias pre-determinado, e que os dados obtidos sejam submetidos as analises grafica, clinica e do discurso, com posterior encaminhamento para calculo de acordo entre juizes.
Techniques for fast simulation of models of highly dependable systems

With the ever-increasing complexity and requirements of highly dependable systems, their evaluation during design and operation is becoming more crucial. Realistic models of such systems are often not amenable to analysis using conventional analytic or numerical methods. Therefore, analysts and designers turn to simulation to evaluate these models. However, accurate estimation of dependability measures of these models requires that the simulation frequently observes system failures, which are rare events in highly dependable systems. This renders ordinary Simulation impractical for evaluating such systems. To overcome this problem, simulation techniques based on importance sampling have been developed, and are very effective in certain settings. When importance sampling works well, simulation run lengths can be reduced by several orders of magnitude when estimating transient as well as steady-state dependability measures. This paper reviews some of the importance-sampling techniques that have been developed in recent years to estimate dependability measures efficiently in Markov and nonMarkov models of highly dependable systems.
Auditory perception of 3D size: Experiments with synthetic resonators

For representing complex data through auditory display, the ecological approach to sound perception, if combined with the most advanced techniques for physical modeling, seems to form a good strategy to translate information into sound by composition of auditory scenes and to create an object-based auditory information space.We examine the auditory perception of one feature of simulated 3D resonators: the size. In prior publications, we assessed the ability of humans to distinguish the shapes of (spherical and cubic) resonators, and we investigated pitch perception and its relationship to the volume of the enclosures. In this paper, we focus on the latter topic, introducing our most recent experiments and results. We validate previous results in a more controlled environment and, in particular, we investigate whether the specific procedure used in the auditory display may affect the users' performance.The results of the experiment show that even the perception of a basic object property such as size can be affected by the listening procedure and can be decoupled from object shape only in controlled conditions.
Evaluation of a Rapid Immunochromatographic Assay for Identification of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis

ABSTRACT Candida dubliniensis was first established as a novel yeast species in 1995. It is particularly associated with recurrent episodes of oral candidosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, but it has also been detected at other anatomical sites and at a low incidence level in non-HIV-infected patients. It shares so many phenotypic characteristics with C. albicans that it is easily misidentified as such. No rapid, simple, and commercial test that allows differentiation between C. dubliniensis and C. albicans has been developed, until now. Accurate species identification requires the use of genotype-based techniques that are not routinely available in most clinical microbiology diagnostic laboratories. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of a new test (the immunochromatographic membrane [ICM] albi-dubli test; SR2B, Avrillé, France) to differentiate between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis. The organisms evaluated were strains whose identities had previously been confirmed by PCR tests and freshly isolated clinical strains and included 58 C. albicans isolates, 60 C. dubliniensis isolates, and 82 isolates belonging to other species of yeast. The ICM albi-dubli test is based on the principle of immunochromatographic analysis and involves the use of two distinct monoclonal antibodies that recognize two unrelated epitopes expressed by both species or specific to only one species. The assay requires no complex instrumentation for analysis and can be recommended for routine use in clinical microbiology laboratories. Results are obtained within 2 h and 30 min and are easy to interpret. This evaluation demonstrated the good performance of this immunochromatographic test for C. albicans and C. dubliniensis isolated on Sabouraud dextrose agar, CHOROMagar Candida, and CandidaSelect, with sensitivities and specificities ranging from 93.1 to 100%. These parameters decreased, however, to 91.4% when the test was performed with yeast isolated with Candida ID.
Cognitive and Affective Components of Life Events: Their Relations and Effects on Well-Being 1

A model o f how five key facets o f life events are related to one another and influence mental health and functioning was examined. The facets are the experience of control over, anticipation of, pleasantness from, stress generated by, and adjustment to life events. Multivariate analyses o f data from 420 adult male respondents yielded results that were largely consistent with the hypothesized model. The results suggested that control over and anticipation o f life events influenced the perceived stress produced by the events and the ability to adjust to them. In turn, it appeared that such stress and adjustment influenced mental health and functioning. The effects o f control and anticipation on mental health and functioning were indirect only. Contrary to our hypothesis, control seemed to heighten perceived stress; but control, as well as anticipation, appeared to increase the ability to adjust. Whereas previous studies found no effect of desirable events on well-being, this study found that pleasant events had a beneficial effect. The discussion examines the implications o f the findings for future research.
Patient Expectations in Facial Transplantation

Meeting patients’ expectations is essential for successful outcomes in reconstructive surgery. In the case of new procedures like facial transplantation that carry with them many unknowns and real, or potential, risk of toxic side effects this becomes especially important. In this study we assessed patient expectations in facial transplantation by surveying individuals with facial disfigurement (n = 34), reconstructive surgeons (n = 45), and controls from the general population (n = 148). Questions focused on quality of life improvement, esthetic and functional outcomes. Student t test was used to compare means of the 3 study groups. All groups projected low quality of life for nontreated disfigured persons, controls responding the most negatively (M = 1.91), followed by disfigured persons (M = 2.91; t = 2.14, P ≤ 0.03) and plastic surgeons (M = 2.71; t = 2.10, P ≤ 0.04). Regarding face transplantations’ ability to improve a disfigured persons’ quality of life, the disfigured group reported the highest score (M = 8.12) followed by controls (M = 6.99; t = 2.744, P < 0.007) and plastic surgeons (M = 6.57; t = 3,72, P ≤ 0.0001). Regarding the importance of esthetic outcomes, controls (M = 6.63) and disfigured persons (M = 6.15) responded similarly whereas plastic surgeons expected the least (M = 4.84; t = 4.13, P < 0.0001, and 2.74, P ≤ 0.008). Regarding functional outcomes, disfigured individuals (M = 7.55) and controls (M = 7.36; NS) placed significantly more importance on expressive functionality than plastic surgeons (M = 6.11; t = 2.66, P ≤ 0.009, t = 2.79, P < 0.007). We observed a significant difference between disfigured persons and reconstructive surgeons regarding their expectations for face transplantation. When consulting potential face transplantation patients, surgeons should maintain open communication to assure that their expectations are closely aligned with the realities of the procedure.
A high sensitivity static 2:1 frequency divider up to 27GHz in 120nm CMOS

A completely integrated 27 GHz static 2:1 frequency divider in 120nm CMOS is presented. The divider operates up to 27 GHz and features an enhanced input sensitivity of 0 dBm over a broad input band of 24 GHz. The circuit draws 30 mA from a single 1.5 V supply. To drive 50Ω loads up to 13.5 GHz, an output buffer is also included in the divider circuit.