Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency Response of Power Systems With Variable Speed Wind Turbines

As wind penetration levels on power systems increase worldwide and synchronous generation is displaced, the dynamic characteristics of these systems, and hence the protocols for how they are operated, are changing. One issue, of particular concern, is the resulting reduction in system inertia since modern variable speed wind turbines do not inherently contribute to the inertial response of the system. Such devices can, however, be fitted with a control loop which provides an active power response to significant frequency deviations, similar to the inertial response of fixed speed wind turbines and synchronous generation. Unlike conventional machines, however, the response of variable speed turbines is dependent on local wind speeds and so cannot be quantified deterministically by system operators. As a result, it is likely that uncertainty will exist over the inertial response capability of the system at high wind penetration levels. In this paper, the frequency response capability is assessed on a test system and the effectiveness of wind turbines' contribution to system inertial response is evaluated in the context of future system requirements.
Detection of Chlamydia infection in Peromyscus species rodents from sylvatic and laboratory sources.

To determine if Chlamydia muridarum, or other chlamydiae, are enzootic in rodents, we probed a serum bank of wild Peromyscus spp. mice for immunoglobulin G-antibody reactivity to ultraviolet light-inactivated C. muridarum elementary bodies (EBs) using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Applying a cut-off for a positive reaction of OD(405) nm = 0.1 at a 1:20 dilution, we found titratable antibody reactivity in 190 of 247 specimens surveyed (77%, mean OD(405) = 0.33 ± 0.26, range = 0.11-1.81, median = 0.25). In addition, serum samples were obtained from a colony of specific pathogen-free Peromyscus spp. maintained at the University of South Carolina and six of 12 samples were reactive (50%, mean OD(405) = 0.19 +/- 0.08, range = 0.1-0.32, median = 0.18). Lastly, 40 additional wild Peromyscus spp. were captured in a disparate region of Midwestern USA and 22 serum specimens were reactive (55%, mean OD(405) = 0.22 +/- 0.11, range = 0.1-0.48, median = 0.2). Specificity of selected reactive sera for chlamydial antigen was confirmed on Western blot using resolved purified EBs as the detecting antigen. From tissues removed from several mice at necropsy, the gene for chlamydial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples of 16S rRNA were subjected to additional PCR for the major outer membrane protein gene (ompA). The amplicons of three select ompA positive samples were sequenced with ≥99% homology with C. muridarum. Our findings indicate that chlamydial infection is enzootic for Peromyscus spp. , and that C. muridarum, or a closely related species or strain, is likely the agent in the tested rodent species.
Changes in Intracellular Ca2+ and Energy Levels During In Vitro Ischemia in the Gerbil Hippocampal Slice

Abstract: The time course of the decline in energy levels during an in vitro ischemia‐like condition was compared with changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in subregions of the gerbil hippocampal slice [CA1, CA3, and the inner and outer portions of the dentate gyrus (DG)]. Hippocampal transverse slices were loaded with a fluorescent indicator, rhod‐2. During the on‐line monitoring of [Ca2+]i, the slices were perfused with an in vitro ischemia‐like medium (33°C). The slices were collected at several experimental time points, frozen, dried, and dissected into subregions. The contents of adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP, and AMP) and phosphocreatine (PCr) were measured by HPLC methods. Region‐specific and acute [Ca2+]i elevations were observed in CA1 ∼4 min after onset of the in vitro ischemia‐like condition and also in the inner portion of the DG with a delay of 10–40 s. The change in ATP levels was related to the increase in [Ca2+]i. ATP levels in all subregions gradually decreased before the acute [Ca2+]i elevation. Concomitant with the acute [Ca2+]i elevation in CA1 and the inner portion of the DG, ATP levels in the subregions rapidly decreased, whereas declines in levels of high‐energy‐charge phosphates were gradual in CA3 and the outer portion of the DG, in which the remarkable [Ca2+]i elevation was not observed. These results suggest that ATP depletion observed in CA1 and the inner portion of the DG is due to the region‐specific increase in [Ca2+]i, which activates a Ca2+‐ATP‐driven pump and produces a subsequent fall in neuronal ATP content.
Advancement in carbon nanotubes: basics, biomedical applications and toxicity

Objectives Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention by researchers worldwide in recent years for their small dimensions and unique architecture, and for having immense potential in nanomedicine as biocompatible and supportive substrates, as a novel tool for the delivery of therapeutic molecules including peptides, RNA and DNA, and also as sensors, actuators and composites.
Key community analysis in scientific collaboration network

Till date, the community evaluation in the field of scientific collaboration network, have been taken place on an individuals' impact. Very less findings have been done on the community detection and community evaluation considering the acquaintances of co-authors. This paper comprises of network in which the database of author's publications is used. The authors are the nodes and they are connected because they co-authored a scientific paper. We used these databases to answer questions about the key community in the collaboration network and led the findings of network centralization, network density and average cluster co-efficient of the scientific community detected using the concepts of node similarity, node degree and node reachability. We detected top 20 communities and computed network centralization, density and average clustering co-efficient. After analysis, we realized that, as the total number of nodes increases within a cluster, the lesser or equivalent are the values for network centralization, density and average cluster coefficient.
Air Interface and Physical Layer techniques for 60 GHz WPANs

Thanks to the unprecedented availability of huge bandwidth, the capacity offered by wireless systems in the 60 GHz band can exceed the mythical barrier of 1 Gbps wireless, enabling the deployment of new applications. However, the performance can be limited by the non-ideality of the analog front-ends, multipath fading and the difficulty to achieve a reasonable link budget at high data rates. The goal of this paper is to introduce high rate communications in the 60 GHz band and the associated challenges. We will first introduce WPANs in the 60 GHz band, describing the possible applications, the propagation channel and the standardization context. Furthermore, based on the characteristics of the propagation channel, we will show that beamforming is desirable to boost the link budget, reduce interference and, in some cases, reduce multipath. Next, we will introduce candidate PHY layer solutions that at the same time meet the throughput requirements and relax the analog front-end design. Our solutions rely on the combination of block transmission combined with (nearly) constant envelope modulation: this provides low peak-to-average power ratios, easy equalization, good spectral properties and modest front-end requirements in terms of phase noise and ADC resolution. The receiver signal processing associated with the modulation techniques will be described and link level simulation results will be provided, highlighting the "front-end friendliness" of the modulation technique
Models for predicting stage in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using proteomic data

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) that is detected at an advanced stage is associated with much worse patient outcomes than if detected at early stages. This study uses reverse phase protein array (RPPA) data to build predictive models that discriminate between early and advanced stage HNSCC. Individual and ensemble binary classifiers, using filter-based and wrapper-based feature selection, are used to build several models which achieve moderate MCC and AUC values. This study identifies informative protein feature sets which may contribute to an increased understanding of the molecular basis of HNSCC.
Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae induce a 68-kilodalton phosphorylated protein in macrophages

The present study was performed to examine whether Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae induce specifically a protein kinase-mediated phosphorylated protein that is involved in the mechanism of signal transduction. The fimbriae induced a 68-kDa phosphorylated protein (pp68) in a dose-dependent manner in mouse peritoneal macrophages. A marked appearance of pp68 was observed 20 min after the initiation of fimbrial treatment. The fimbria-induced pp68 was inhibited dramatically by staurosporine, a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C. pp68 induction was also inhibited by H-7, a potent inhibitor of several types of protein kinase. However, the induction was not inhibited by HA-1004 and H-8, relatively high-affinity inhibitors of protein kinase A. Phorbol myristate acetate and 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, activators of protein kinase C, were able to induce pp68 in mouse peritoneal macrophages. This protein was localized in the cytosolic fraction of fimbria-treated macrophages. pp68 also was induced in fimbria-treated human monocyte-like cells. Finally, we observed that gene expression of the fimbria-induced neutrophil chemoattractant KC was inhibited markedly by staurosporine.
Regulatory potential of ethanol and retinoic acid on human monocyte functions.

Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolic product of vitamin A, has been shown to affect a variety of immune functions, including monocytes. Monocyte functions and mediator production are also modulated by ethanol exposure. This study demonstrates that therapeutic doses of RA (0.1-10 microM) significantly increase transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) production both in THP-1, human myelomonocytic cells, and in human peripheral blood monocytes. We have previously reported TGF beta induction by ethanol in human M theta. Combination of RA stimulation with acute in vitro ethanol treatment, however, resulted in significantly lower M theta TGF beta production than TGF beta levels induced by RA alone (p < 0.003). Down-regulation of M theta TGF beta production by ethanol was tested at the concentration range of 25-150 mM and occurred both at high and low RA concentrations (10-0.1 microM). In contrast to its inhibitory effect on RA-induced M theta TGF beta production, ethanol augmented TGF beta production induced by muramyl dipeptide (20 micrograms/ml), suggesting that ethanol can either up- or down-regulate M theta TGF beta production, depending on the costimulatory factors. RA also induced a moderate increase in M theta tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) production, which was down-regulated by ethanol both at the level of secreted and cell-associated TNF alpha. In addition to regulation of cytokine production, both RA and ethanol decreased expression of CD4 on THP-1 cells. The degree of inhibition of CD4 expression by RA was more significant than by ethanol, but RA-induced decrease in CD4 expression was not significantly affected by the combined stimulation with ethanol. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The need for a usable assessment tool to analyse the efficacy of emergency care systems in developing countries: proposal to use the TEWS methodology

Background Ninety percent of emergency incidents occur in developing countries, and this is only expected to get worse as these nations develop. As a result, governments in developing countries are establishing emergency care systems. However, there is currently no widely-usable, objective method to monitor or research the rapid growth of emergency care in the developing world. Methods Analysis of current quantitative methods to assess emergency care in developing countries, and the proposal of a more appropriate method. Results Currently accepted methods to quantitatively assess the efficacy of emergency care systems cannot be performed in most developing countries due to weak record-keeping infrastructure and the inappropriateness of applying Western derived coefficients to developing country conditions. As a result, although emergency care in the developing world is rapidly growing, researchers and clinicians are unable to objectively measure its progress or determine which policies work best in their respective countries. We propose the TEWS methodology, a simple analytical tool that can be handled by low-resource, developing countries. Conclusions By relying on the most basic universal parameters, simplest calculations and straightforward protocol, the TEWS methodology allows for widespread analysis of emergency care in the developing world. This could become essential in the establishment and growth of new emergency care systems worldwide.
Homotypic serum antibody responses to rotavirus proteins following primary infection of young children with serotype 1 rotavirus

The class-specific antibody responses to serotype 1 rotavirus structural proteins were examined by immunoblotting with sera obtained from young children hospitalized with acute rotavirus diarrhea caused by serotype 1. All were believed to be primary infections. Three consecutive samples were obtained from 16 patients during the acute and convalescent phases of the disease and then approximately 4 months later. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-class antibody responses to two inner capsid proteins (VP2 and VP6) and to the major homologous outer capsid protein (VP7) were detected in all patients. Antibody responses to VP6 were rapid, increased in intensity during 20 to 40 days after the onset of symptoms, and persisted for more than 4 months. Responses to VP2 and VP7 were more delayed, were maximal in convalescent-phase sera, and decreased markedly in intensity 4 months after the onset of symptoms in the majority of children. Two patients with evidence of mixed infection showed persisting high levels of antibody to VP7. Responses to the outer capsid protein VP4 were detected in 67% of patients, peaked at 20 to 40 days after the onset of symptoms, and were no longer detected at 4 months in the majority of patients. It is likely that the immunoblotting technique underestimated responses to VP4. Acute- and convalescent-phase sera (known to contain antirotavirus IgM or IgA measured by enzyme immunoassay) were also examined by immunoblotting. IgM- and IgA-class antibody responses to viral proteins VP2, VP4, and VP7 appeared to be qualitatively identical to those observed for IgG in the same serum samples.
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid induces limited changes in the transcriptome of primary CD4+ T cells

Objective:To assess the off-target effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in human primary CD4+ T cells. Design:A pharmacologically relevant concentration (340 nmol/l) of SAHA was shown to significantly increase histone hyperacetylation by 24 h and this length of treatment was selected to determine its impact on gene expression in primary CD4+ T cells. Methods:Illumina Beadchips for microarray gene expression analysis were used to analyze differential gene expression between cells treated or not with SAHA with a paired analysis using multivariate permutation tests. Gene ontology, biological pathway and protein interaction network analyses were used to identify the higher order biological processes affected by SAHA treatment. Results:Modest modulation by SAHA was observed for 1847 genes with 80% confidence level of no more than 10% false positives. A thousand genes were upregulated by SAHA and 847 downregulated. Pathways and gene ontologies overrepresented in the list of differentially expressed genes included Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, tRNA Modification, and the Histone Acetyltransferase Complex. Protein interaction network analysis revealed that transcription factor c-Myc, which was downregulated by SAHA treatment at the mRNA level, interacts with a number of SAHA-responsive genes. Conclusions:The effects on transcription by SAHA were sufficiently modest to support trials to activate HIV replication as part of an eradication strategy. SAHA did not appear to modulate proliferative or apoptotic processes to a great extent, which might impact the ability of patients to eradicate the virus reservoir following activation by HDACi treatment.
Response of EHV Grid Transformers to System-Originated Oscillatory Switching Transients

This paper investigates the conditions for transformer winding resonances with an emphasis on oscillatory excitation voltages originating from various switching events in the power grids. A section of the Eastern Regional Power Grid in India has been simulated in this paper by using the Alternative Transient Program for the purpose of defining high-frequency transient voltages which may occur during various switching events. The investigation reveals that such oscillatory voltages could excite natural frequencies of a 400/220/132-kV power transformer, which closely matches the terminal excitation frequencies. Short time Fourier transform (STFT) has been used to analyze the frequency contents of the oscillatory terminal excitation as well as the voltage response of the windings. The results of the STFT confirmed the presence of resonant frequency in the oscillatory terminal voltage and in the 400-kV main and tap changer windings of the transformer. It has been demonstrated that the voltage stresses in the windings under certain critical switching operations can exceed the stresses developed under the standard 1.2/50- μs lightning impulse at the transformer's basic insulation level voltage. The reduction in winding voltage stresses under resonance is possible by deploying some remedial measures involving winding design modifications which have also been suggested in this paper.
Coupling of cholesterol-rich lipid phases in asymmetric bilayers.

We showed previously that cholesterol-rich liquid-ordered domains with lipid compositions typically found in the outer leaflet of plasma membranes induce liquid-ordered domains in adjacent regions of asymmetric lipid bilayers with apposed leaflets composed of typical inner leaflet lipid mixtures [Kiessling, V. , Crane, J. M. , and Tamm, L. K. (2006) Biophys. J. 91, 3313-26]. To further examine the nature of transbilayer couplings in asymmetric cholesterol-rich lipid bilayers, the effects on the lipid phase behavior in asymmetric bilayers of different lipid compositions were investigated. We established systems containing several combinations of natural extracted and synthetic lipids that exhibited coexisting liquid-ordered (lo) and liquid-disordered (ld) domains in a supported bilayer format. We find that lo phase domains are induced in all quaternary inner leaflet combinations composed of PCs, PEs, PSs, and cholesterol. Ternary mixtures of PCs/PEs/Chol, PCs/PSs/Chol also exhibit lo phases adjacent to outer leaflet lo phases. However, with the exception of brain PC extracts, binary PC/Chol mixtures are not induced to form lo phases by adjacent outer leaflet lo phases. Higher melting lipid ad-mixtures of PEs and PSs are needed for lo phase induction in the inner leaflet. It appears that the phase behavior of the inner leaflet mixtures is dominated by the intrinsic chain melting temperatures of the lipid components, rather than by their specific headgroup classes. In addition, similar studies with synthetic, completely saturated lipids and cholesterol show that lipid oxidation is not a factor in the observed phase behavior.
Call for a national plan for rare diseases

Australia requires a national plan, similar to plans developed internationally, to address the impacts of rare diseases on individuals, the community and health services. Rare diseases often present in childhood, many are chronic, some life threatening and others associated with significant disability. However, diagnosis is often delayed, because of lack of knowledge and experience of health professionals and uncertainty about where to refer. Specialised health services are frequently lacking and specific therapies are often not available, partly because of lack of research funding directed towards rare diseases. A national plan would facilitate a coordinated response to service development, carer support, and health professional and community education, and would promote research and advocacy for affected children and their families.
Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on gas exchange and expiratory flow limitation in adult respiratory distress syndrome*

Objective To assess the effects of different positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O) on tidal expiratory flow limitation (FL), regional intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) inhomogeneity, alveolar recruited volume (Vrec), respiratory mechanics, and arterial blood gases in mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Design Prospective clinical study. Setting Multidisciplinary intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients Thirteen sedated, mechanically ventilated patients during the first 2 days of ARDS. Interventions Detection of tidal FL and evaluation of total dynamic PEEP (PEEPt,dyn), total static PEEP (PEEPt,st), respiratory mechanics, and Vrec from pressure, flow, and volume traces provided by the ventilator. The average (±sd) tidal volume was 7.1 ± 1.5 mL/kg, the total cycle duration was 2.9 ± 0.45 secs, and the duty cycle was 0.35 ± 0.05. Measurements Tidal FL was assessed using the negative expiratory pressure technique. Regional PEEPi inhomogeneity was assessed as the ratio of PEEPt,dyn to PEEPt,st (PEEPi inequality index), and Vrec was quantified as the difference in lung volume at the same airway pressure between quasi-static inflation volume-pressure curves on zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) and PEEP. Results On ZEEP, seven patients exhibited FL amounting to 31 ± 8% of tidal volume. They had higher PEEPt,st and PEEPi,st (p < .001) and lower PEEPi inequality index (p < .001) than the six nonflow-limited (NFL) patients. Two FL patients became NFL with PEEP of 5 cm H2O and five with PEEP of 10 cm H2O. In both groups, Pao2 increased progressively with PEEP. In the FL group, there was a significant correlation of Pao2 to PEEPi inequality index (p = .002). For a given PEEP, Vrec was greater in NFL than FL patients, and a significant correlation of Pao2 to Vrec (p < .001) was found only in the NFL group. Conclusions We conclude that on ZEEP, tidal FL is common in ARDS patients and is associated with greater regional PEEPi inhomogeneity than in NFL patients. With PEEP of 10 cm H2O, flow limitation with concurrent cyclic dynamic airway compression and re-expansion and the risk of “low lung volume injury” were absent in all patients. In FL patients, PEEP induced a significant increase in Pao2, mainly because of the reduction of regional PEEPi inequality, whereas in the NFL group, arterial oxygenation was improved satisfactorily because of alveolar recruitment.