Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The multiple sclerosis work difficulties questionnaire: translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Turkish and assessment of validity and reliability

Abstract Purpose: To linguistically and culturally adapt the Multiple Sclerosis Work Difficulties Questionnaire-23 (MSWDQ-23) for use in Turkey, and to examine its reliability and validity. Methods: Following standard forward-back translation of the MSWDQ-23, it was administered to 124 people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Validity was evaluated using related outcome measures including those related to employment status and expectations, disability level, fatigue, walking, and quality of life. Randomly selected participants were asked to complete the MSWDQ-23 again to assess test–retest reliability. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis on the MSWDQ-23 demonstrated a good fit for the data, and the internal consistency of each subscale was excellent. The test–retest reliability for the total score, psychological/cognitive barriers, physical barriers, and external barriers subscales were high. The MSWDQ-23 and its subscales were positively correlated with the employment, disability level, walking, and fatigue outcome measures. Conclusions: This study suggests that the Turkish version of MSWDQ-23 has high reliability and adequate validity, and it can be used to determine the difficulties faced by people with multiple sclerosis in workplace. Moreover, the study provides evidence about the test–retest reliability of the questionnaire. Implications for rehabilitation Multiple sclerosis affects young people of working age. Understanding work-related problems is crucial to enhance people with multiple sclerosis likelihood of maintaining their job. The Multiple Sclerosis Work Difficulties Questionnaire-23 (MSWDQ-23) is a valid and reliable measure of perceived workplace difficulties in people with multiple sclerosis: we presented its validation to Turkish. Professionals working in the field of vocational rehabilitation may benefit from using the MSWDQ-23 to predict the current work outcomes and future employment expectations.
Statistical analysis of CO2 emission based on road grade, acceleration and vehicle specific power for public utility vehicles: An IoT application

In the Philippine transport, the public utility vehicles (PUVs) are one of the top emitters of CO<inf>2</inf> emissions (CO<inf>2</inf>e). Moreover, the need of quantifying the CO<inf>2</inf>e of PUV is important in reducing the emission. Hence, this paper focuses on the statistical evaluation of CO<inf>2</inf>e of PUV based on the parameters affecting it — road grade, acceleration, and vehicle specific power (VSP). An Internet of Things (IoT) system with onboard CO<inf>2</inf> sensors, GPS receivers, wireless communication nodes and a base station, online elevation query, cloud server, and an online IoT monitoring dashboard were used to remotely gather, store and visualize the needed measurements. The correlations of CO<inf>2</inf>e according to these parameters were analyzed using statistical tools — histograms, box plots, and scatter plots. Results have shown that the correlation of PUV CO<inf>2</inf>e with respect to downhill roads, uphill roads, and acceleration follows a U-shaped curves with the trough from the ranges of −19% to −3% at −16%, 3% to 22% at around 13% to 16%, and from −4m/s2 to 3m/s2 at −2m/s2, respectively. Likewise, significant changes of CO<inf>2</inf>e were observed at different levels of VSP. Evidently, the mentioned factors have significantly affected the CO<inf>2</inf>e of the PUVs.
Antimicrobial and antiseptic strategies in wound management

Wounds, especially chronic wounds, represent a global problem costing millions of dollars per year in developed countries and are characterised by microbial complications including local or overt infection, delayed healing and spread of multiresistant germs. Therefore, antimicrobial wound management is a major challenge that continues to require new solutions against microbes and their biofilms. As systemic antibiotics can barely penetrate into wound biofilms and topically applied ones can easily lead to sensitisation, antisepsis is the method of choice to treat germs in wounds. This brief review discusses the role of antiseptics in reducing bioburden in chronic wounds. Balancing antimicrobial potency and tolerability of antiseptic procedures is critical in wound therapy. However, antiseptics alone may not be able to achieve wound healing without addressing other factors regarding the patient's general health or the wound's physical environment. Although the precise role of bioburden in chronic wounds remains to be evaluated, planktonic as well as biofilm‐bound microbes are indications for antiseptic intervention. Octenidine dihydrochloride and polyhexanide are the most effective, as well as best tolerated, antiseptics in wound management today, and new strategies to reduce bacterial wound burden and support the body's immune response are being developed.
Percentage from Target Weight (PFTW) Predicts Re-hospitalization in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa.

BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the percentage of the discharge weight relative to recommended target weight (PFTW) during inpatient treatment predicts re-hospitalization in adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN). METHOD 51 hospitalized adolescents with AN were weighed and completed self-reports on admission and discharge. We examined reports regarding rehospitalization within the first year after discharge. RESULTS 19 patients (37.25%) required re-hospitalization. The proportion of the actual discharge weight relative to target weight (PFTW), previous re-hospitalizations and parental marital status were found to be significant predictors of re-hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the importance of discharge weight relative to target weight (PFTW) for long-term outcome. Failure to obtain discharge target weight is a significant predictor of re-hospitalization in adolescent AN.
UroVysion Multi-Target Fluorescence in situ Hybridization Assay for the Detection of Malignant Bile Duct Brushing Specimens: A Comparison with Routine Cytology

Objective: Routine bile duct brushing cytology is an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of bile duct stricture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay for the detection of malignant bile duct brushing specimens. Study Design: Thirty-five bile duct brushing specimens were included in the study. The FISH assay utilized the commercially available UroVysion probes. The indeterminate cytology results were considered as negative for statistical analysis. Results: Twenty-two of 35 patients were diagnosed as having malignancy based on tissue diagnosis or clinical progression of disease by image assessment. The sensitivity of routine cytology and FISH for the detection of malignancy was 14% (3/22) and 55% (12/22), respectively (p = 0.003). The specificity of routine cytology and FISH was 100% (13/13) and 62% (8/13), respectively (p = 0.025). The false-positive rate for routine cytology and FISH was 0% (0/13) and 38% (5/13), respectively. Conclusions: Our study shows that FISH is significantly more sensitive than routine cytology for the detection of malignancy in bile duct brushing specimens. However, in our study, the specificity of FISH was poor compared to the excellent specificity of routine cytology. The compromised specificity of FISH may limit its utility in the detection of malignant bile duct brushing specimens.
Interpersonal relationships and psychological well-being:insights from therapeutic practice, scholarship and research

Research has highlighted that a substantial minority of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals are rejected (overtly and/or covertly) by their families because of sexual stigma. As such, LGB individuals may become estranged from their families-of-origin (LaSala, 2010). However, no rigorous qualitative research has focused on this issue. The present study addresses this gap in the literature and offers insight into the phenomenon of sexuality-related family estrangement, via a sample of eight LGB adults (aged 18-41) currently experiencing it. The data was collected through individual, semi-structured interviews (60-90 minutes long). A pilot (n= 2) was conducted first to ensure the interview questions were effective, clear and sensitive. The data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith & Osborn, 2007). The findings provide insight into individuals’ perspectives on estrangement, the consequences of estrangement, and coping with estrangement. The implications for Counselling Psychology practice with estranged LGB individuals is discussed. Ideas for future research are offered. Personal and epistemological reflexivity have been of paramount importance throughout this research (Willig, 2008) and are explored in detail.
Interpretable Adversarial Perturbation in Input Embedding Space for Text

Following great success in the image processing field, the idea of adversarial training has been applied to tasks in the natural language processing (NLP) field. One promising approach directly applies adversarial training developed in the image processing field to the input word embedding space instead of the discrete input space of texts. However, this approach abandons such interpretability as generating adversarial texts to significantly improve the performance of NLP tasks. This paper restores interpretability to such methods by restricting the directions of perturbations toward the existing words in the input embedding space. As a result, we can straightforwardly reconstruct each input with perturbations to an actual text by considering the perturbations to be the replacement of words in the sentence while maintaining or even improving the task performance.
Cold Priming Induced Tolerance to Subsequent Low Temperature Stress is Enhanced by Melatonin Application during Recovery in Wheat

Cold priming can alleviate the effects of subsequent cold stress on wheat plant growth. Melatonin plays a key role in cold stress response in plants. In this study, the effects of foliar melatonin application during recovery on the cold tolerance of cold primed wheat plants were investigated. It was found that both melatonin and cold priming increased the photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and altered the related gene expressions in wheat under cold stress. Melatonin application is helpful for the photosynthetic carbon assimilation and membrane stability of the cold primed plants under cold stress. These results suggested that foliar melatonin application during recovery enhanced the cold priming induced tolerance to subsequent low temperature stress in wheat.
Learning same-different relations strains feedforward neural networks

1 Progress in deep learning has recently led to great successes in many engineering applications 2 (LeCun et al., 2015). As a prime example, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a type of 3 feedforward neural network, are already approaching human accuracy on visual recognition tasks 4 including object categorization (He et al., 2015) and face recognition (Kemelmacher-Shlizerman 5 et al., 2016). Here, we show that feedforward neural networks struggle to learn abstract visual 6 relations that are otherwise effortlessly recognized by non-human primates (Donderi and Zelnicker, 7 1969; Katz and Wirght, 2006), birds (Daniel et al., 2015; Martinho III and Kacelnik, 2016), rodents 8 (Wasserman et al., 2012) and even insects (Giurfa et al., 2001). We systematically study the ability 9 of feedforward neural networks to learn to recognize a variety of visual relations and demonstrate 10 that same-different visual relations pose a particular strain on these networks. Networks fail 11 to learn same-different visual relations when rote memorization becomes impossible (as when 12 stimulus variability exceeds their effective capacity). The comparative success of biological neural 13 networks in learning visual relations suggests that feedback mechanisms such as attention, working 14 memory and perceptual grouping are the key components underlying human-level abstract visual 15 reasoning. 16
Toward Explainable Multi-Objective Probabilistic Planning

Use of multi-objective probabilistic planning to synthesize behavior of CPSs can play an important role in engineering systems that must self-optimize for multiple quality objectives and operate under uncertainty. However, the reasoning behind automated planning is opaque to end-users. They may not understand why a particular behavior is generated, and therefore not be able to calibrate their confidence in the systems working properly. To address this problem, we propose a method to automatically generate verbal explanation of multi-objective probabilistic planning, that explains why a particular behavior is generated on the basis of the optimization objectives. Our explanation method involves describing objective values of a generated behavior and explaining any tradeoff made to reconcile competing objectives. We contribute: (i) an explainable planning representation that facilitates explanation generation, and (ii) an algorithm for generating contrastive justification as explanation for why a generated behavior is best with respect to the planning objectives. We demonstrate our approach on a mobile robot case study.
Dispersive and Dissipative Errors in the DPG Method with Scaled Norms for Helmholtz Equation

This paper studies the discontinuous Petrov--Galerkin (DPG) method, where the test space is normed by a modified graph norm. The modification scales one of the terms in the graph norm by an arbitrary positive scaling parameter. The main finding is that as the parameter approaches zero, better results are obtained, under some circumstances, when the method is applied to the Helmholtz equation. The main tool used is a dispersion analysis on the multiple interacting stencils that form the DPG method. The analysis shows that the discrete wavenumbers of the method are complex, explaining the numerically observed artificial dissipation in the computed wave approximations. Since the DPG method is a nonstandard least-squares Galerkin method, its performance is compared with a standard least-squares method having a similar stencil.
Partially Cooperative Games

In this paper, we present a general model in which mutually dependent negotiations are simultaneously conducted and define a solution concept for the model. We provide a sufficient condition for the solution to exist and show that the solutions approximately coincide with the equilibrium outcomes of extensive form games. We present a solution to the merger paradox as an application.
A Tight Bound for Hypergraph Regularity I

The hypergraph regularity lemma – the extension of Szemerédi’s graph regularity lemma to the setting of k-uniform hypergraphs – is one of the most celebrated combinatorial results obtained in the past decade. By now there are several (very different) proofs of this lemma, obtained by Gowers, by Nagle-Rödl-Schacht-Skokan and by Tao. Unfortunately, what all these proofs have in common is that they yield regular partitions whose order is given by the k-th Ackermann function. We show that such Ackermann-type bounds are unavoidable for every k ≥ 2, thus confirming a prediction of Tao. Prior to our work, the only result of the above type was Gowers’ famous lower bound for graph regularity. In this paper we describe the key new ideas which enable us to overcome several barriers which stood in the way of establishing such bounds for hypergraphs of higher uniformity. One of them is a tight bound for a new (very weak) version of the graph regularity lemma. Using this bound, we prove a lower bound for any regularity lemma of 3-uniform hypergraphs that satisfies certain mild conditions. We then show how to use this result in order to prove a tight bound for the hypergraph regularity lemmas of Gowers and of Frankl and Rödl. We will obtain similar results for hypergraphs of arbitrary uniformity k ≥ 2 in a subsequent paper.
Best practice assessment of disease modelling for infectious disease outbreaks

Abstract During emerging disease outbreaks, public health, emergency management officials and decision-makers increasingly rely on epidemiological models to forecast outbreak progression and determine the best response to health crisis needs. Outbreak response strategies derived from such modelling may include pharmaceutical distribution, immunisation campaigns, social distancing, prophylactic pharmaceuticals, medical care, bed surge, security and other requirements. Infectious disease modelling estimates are unavoidably subject to multiple interpretations, and full understanding of a model's limitations may be lost when provided from the disease modeller to public health practitioner to government policymaker. We review epidemiological models created for diseases which are of greatest concern for public health protection. Such diseases, whether transmitted from person-to-person (Ebola, influenza, smallpox), via direct exposure (anthrax), or food and waterborne exposure (cholera, typhoid) may cause severe illness and death in a large population. We examine disease-specific models to determine best practices characterising infectious disease outbreaks and facilitating emergency response and implementation of public health policy and disease control measures.
Channel Deviation-Based Power Control in Body Area Networks

Internet enabled body area networks (BANs) will form a core part of future remote health monitoring and ambient assisted living technology. In BAN applications, due to the dynamic nature of human activity, the off-body BAN channel can be prone to deep fading caused by body shadowing and multipath fading. Using this knowledge, we present some novel practical adaptive power control protocols based on the channel deviation to simultaneously prolong the lifetime of wearable devices and reduce outage probability. The proposed schemes are both flexible and relatively simple to implement on hardware platforms with constrained resources making them inherently suitable for BAN applications. We present the key algorithm parameters used to dynamically respond to the channel variation. This allows the algorithms to achieve a better energy efficiency and signal reliability in everyday usage scenarios such as those in which a person undertakes many different activities (e.g., sitting, walking, standing, etc.). We also profile their performance against traditional, optimal, and other existing schemes for which it is demonstrated that not only does the outage probability reduce significantly, but the proposed algorithms also save up to ${\text{35}}\%$ average transmit power compared to the competing schemes.
Bmc Microbiology

aes, the gene encoding the esterase B in Escherichia coli, is a powerful phylogenetic marker of the species Abstract Background: Previous studies have established a correlation between electrophoretic polymorphism of esterase B, and virulence and phylogeny of Escherichia coli. Strains belonging to the phylogenetic group B2 are more frequently implicated in extraintestinal infections and include esterase B 2 variants, whereas phylogenetic groups A, B1 and D contain less virulent strains and include esterase B 1 variants. We investigated esterase B as a marker of phylogeny and/or virulence, in a thorough analysis of the esterase B-encoding gene.
Prediction of Possible Effects of Arsenic and Cadmium in Human Health Using Chemical-Protein and Protein-Protein Interaction Network

Arsenic and cadmium toxicity has demonstrated to be a crucial problem and there are many health issues interconnected with each other. The toxicity of these metals has no biological role even though remain present in some or the other form, hazardous for the human health and its proper functioning. As a result, from the very beginning, the researchers are trying to overcome the serious effects occurred by the heavy metals. The different procedures and methods are followed for minimizing the negative effects. The study was conducted to predict the probable effects and theirs targeted proteins in human body by recently developed advanced bioinformatics tools and subsequently found 10 proteins are interacted with arsenic and cadmium for each. However, these 10 proteins are independently associated with other 97 and 100 proteins. Finally, 25 common proteins have been identified which are affected by these two heavy metals. Our data mining search revealed that all of these 25 proteins are associated with the causing of cancer in human body.
Monitoring daily events, coping strategies, and emotion during a desert expedition in the Middle East

Personnel operating in extreme environmental conditions are exposed to a variety of stressors. Whether a person adjusts to the conditions and is able to cope has implications for their psychological health. In previous extreme-environment work, temporal changes in stress, coping, and emotion have been reported. Building on previous studies, we used a diary methodology to explore temporal changes in and associations between daily events, coping strategies, and affect during a unique hyperarid desert expedition. Four participants undertaking a crossing of the Empty Quarter desert were recruited to the study. Participants completed pre-expedition, postexpedition, and 4-month follow-up questionnaires. A daily self-report diary was used to collect situational data. Time-based changes were analysed before testing predictive models linking events and coping strategies with affective responses. Findings suggest that participants had an overall positive experience. There were changes in both the events experienced and coping strategies used during the expedition. Variation in events and coping strategies significantly predicted fluctuations in positive and negative affect. Results offer valuable mechanistic information that could inform monitoring systems aimed at tracking psychological variables during operations in extreme environments. Results are discussed in relation to the novel context, diary methodology, and implications for those operating in extremes.
Raman spectroscopy quantification of eumelanin subunits in natural unaltered pigments

Eumelanins are large polymers composed of 5,6‐dihydroxyindole (DHI) and 5,6‐dihydroxyindole‐2‐carboxylic acid (DHICA). Reactive oxygen species generation is higher during the synthesis of DHI than during the synthesis of DHICA; thus, the production of eumelanins with high relative DHI contents may compromise the viability of cells and organisms. Here, we show that dispersive Raman spectroscopy allows a noninvasive direct detection and quantification of DHI and DHICA in unaltered eumelanins that can be applied to the analysis of natural pigments in biological tissues. Using synthetic eumelanins purely composed of DHI or DHICA, we develop a model to determine the differential contribution of these subunits to the Raman spectra of mixed eumelanins, and exemplify the predictive capacity of the model with natural eumelanins deposited in black and gray feathers of fowl. We found that the wavenumber ranges of 550–1,200 and 1,650–2,300 cm−1 are significant to predict the DHI:DHICA ratio in unknown samples.