Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the establishment of the caecal threadworm Trichostrongylus tenuis in red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus)

Summary The resistance of captive reared red grouse to Trichostrongylus tenuis was measured as the proportion of ingested infective 3rd-stage larvae which failed to develop to adult worms. Individual grouse showed wide, repeatable variations in resistance. Seasonal variations may also have occurred. Red grouse acquired little or no effective immunity to reinfection after challenge with a single dose of infective larvae. In trickle-dosed grouse, however, adult worms weakly inhibited the establishment of incoming larvae in an intensity-dependent fashion. Despite this, the proportion of larvae established in trickle infections was similar to that in single-dose challenges.
Knowledge of Antioxidants and Breast Cancer Risk Among Women Attending Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Clinics

This qualitative study used semistructured interviews to examine the accuracy of knowledge concerning antioxidants and health among a convenience sample of 79 women attending a breast cancer risk assessment clinic. Despite a high level of familiarity (98%) with the word antioxidant, few participants could name more than one of these compounds and most relied on print media (41.6%) and radio/TV (22.2%) for antioxidant information. Thematic content analysis revealed participants’ beliefs that antioxidants were strongly linked to reduced breast cancer risk and improved health. They described antioxidant functions that take place before (e.g., “Prevention . . . a best defense mechanism” and “To boost strength and good health”) or after (e.g., “Fights diseases, free radicals, and cancer,” “Acts as a cleanser or purifier,” and “Undoes the harm that I am consciously or unconsciously doing to my body”) a health threat. Participants’ understandings of the links between antioxidant intake and breast cancer risk did not accurately reflect the scientific evidence. This large priority population group needs tailored, evidence-based nutrition communications to address inaccurate understandings about antioxidant intake and breast cancer risk.
Adaptive information extraction of disaster information from Twitter

With the popularity of the Internet and social media platforms, information that is potentially useful in disaster response becomes available online in the hours and days immediately following a disaster. The use of information extraction in retrieving relevant disaster information from all these crowdsourced data would provide more information coming from both official reports, and the affected people themselves which in turn facilitate better decision making environments for disaster managers. This paper describes a system which performs an adaptive information retrieval of disaster related information coming from Twitter. Result shows 94.33% accuracy when extracting disaster and location information in the typhoon corpus while 90.79% accuracy for the fire corpus.
Nonlinear eigenvalue problems and Galerkin approximations

with u possibly satisfying additional normalization conditions. I t is our purpose in the present note to describe a way of applying a method of Galerkin type to such problems which works in particular for nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems of variational type. We obtain from it a general theorem on the existence of normalized eigenfunctions for the latter problem, and in the case of T and S odd operators, we obtain also an extremely general form of a theory of Lusternik-Schnirelman type guaranteeing the existence of infinitely many distinct normalized eigenfunctions. We consider first some restrictions that may be placed on the nonlinear operator T. DEFINITION 1. T is said to satisfy condition (S) if for any sequence {uj} in X with u$-+u in X and (T(UJ) — T(U), Uj—u)-^Oi we have Uj—>u in X. DEFINITION 2. T is said to satisfy condition (S)0 if for each sequence {UJ} in X with uj-^u in X, T(u/)—±z in X*, and (T(wy), Uj)—>(z, u), we have Uj-*u in X.
Phylogenetic analyses of Chinese Tuber species that resemble T. borchii reveal the existence of the new species T. hubeiense and T. wumengense

In phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacers and 28S nuc rDNA and translation elongation factor 1-α to compare Chinese white truffle specimens that have ascomata resembling the European Tuber borchii, the sequences of Chinese species resembling T. borchii in morphology grouped into seven distinct clusters among three clades: Puberulum, Maculatum and Latisporum. No sequences from these Chinese species matched those of the European T. borchii and the occurrence of the European T. borchii in China could not be supported by our study. Three unknown species are recognized from the seven Chinese clusters; two are described here as T. hubeiense and T. wumengense based on molecular and morphological evidence.
Factors that Influence the Rate and Intensity of Adoption of Improved Irrigation Technologies in Alberta, Canada

Despite the importance of adopting improved irrigation technologies to increase on-farm irrigation efficiency, our understanding of what determines farmers’ adoption decisions in southern Alberta remains relatively poor. The overall goals of this study are to examine the extent of adoption (proportion of all irrigators that have started the adoption process), how far along they are in the adoption process, and the intensity of adoption (percentage of irrigated land on which the technology is adopted) of improved irrigation technologies in southern Alberta, and to assess the major factors that influenced farmers’ adoption decisions. The data were collected in a farm-household survey conducted in the 12 largest irrigation districts (IDs) as well as among private irrigators in southern Alberta. Results show that adoption of improved irrigation technologies is widespread at various levels of intensity. By 2011, 81.3% of farmers had started the adoption process, are now using some kind of improved technology to apply water to their crops, and used it on 76.8% of all irrigated land. The most commonly used irrigation technology is a low pressure center pivot system. Receiving support services following the adoption decision played an important role in increasing the intensity of adoption. Obtaining information on irrigation technologies from individual farmers or farmers’ associations, and extension agencies significantly influenced farmers’ decisions to adopt. Farmers who increased their social capital through attending meetings related to agricultural production practices were more likely to adopt while farmers who participated in recreational or social organizations were less likely to adopt. Finally, the extent and intensity of adoption are higher for those with corporate farm structure, larger families, more generations of ownership and higher education.
Signals from a moving object of autodyne radars with linear frequency modulation

Results of signal peculiarities' investigation of an autodyne short-range radar system with linear frequency modulation for the moving reflecting object are considered. The autodyne signal plots are obtained for the cases when its period duration is much longer than delay time of the reflected emission as well as for the cases when this inequality is not satisfied. Experimental data are obtained on the 8mm-range Gunn-diode oscillator with frequency tuning by the varicap.
Hemodynamic changes in patients with Alagille's syndrome during orthotopic liver transplantation.

UNLABELLED Children with Alagille's syndrome are at increased perioperative risk during orthotopic liver transplantation due to the cardiopulmonary abnormalities and the hemodynamic changes associated with this procedure. We studied 16 children with Alagille's syndrome who underwent 21 orthotopic liver transplantations. Peripheral pulmonary stenosis was present in all subjects. Right ventricular pressures were increased in 15 cases. Caval clamping resulted in a mean decrease of 15 +/-9 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure, 5 +/- 3 mm Hg in mean pulmonary artery pressure, and 4 +/- 3 mm Hg in central venous pressure. Systolic blood pressure decreased by 16 +/- 13 mm Hg, whereas mean pulmonary artery pressure and central venous pressure increased by 3 +/- 4 mm Hg and 1 +/- 4 mm Hg, respectively, at portal vein unclamping. There was no correlation between severity of pulmonary artery stenosis and hemodynamic changes. Veno-venous bypass used in four cases resulted in smaller hemodynamic changes. Time to extubation and duration of intensive care unit stay were unrelated to severity of pulmonary artery stenosis. IMPLICATIONS Some children with Alagille's syndrome require liver transplantation. In our study, associated pulmonary artery stenosis did not dramatically increase perioperative risk. Veno-venous bypass decreased intraoperative hemodynamic changes in these patients.
Two-Photon Polymerization Lithography and Laser Doppler Vibrometry of a SU-8-Based Suspended Microchannel Resonator

We present the optical realization and characterization of complex suspended microchannel resonator (SMR) for biomechanical sensing applications. We exploit the flexibility of two-photon direct laser writing to optimize a highly versatile fabrication strategy based on a shell-writing procedure with the aim to reduce fabrication time of big inlet/outlet sections compatible with most microfluidic systems for lab-on-chip. Compared with standard microfabrication techniques, requiring several technological steps to obtain suspended hollow structures, this method allows to fabricate complex SMR sensors in only one fabrication step by virtue of its intrinsically 3-D nature. The realized resonant structure was characterized by laser doppler vibrometry, showing good agreement with finite-element methods simulations and an experimental quality factor of the fundamental mode of ~60.
NET SHARE ISSUANCE, INSTITUTIONAL TRADING, AND STOCK MARKET RETURNS

by Yinfei Chen, Ph.D. Washington State University May 2016 Chair: George J. Jiang This dissertation contains two essays that study net share issuance, institutional trading and stock market returns. The first essay examines whether short-term institutions and short sellers exploit the net share issuance (NSI) effect. Existing literature documents that net share issuance significantly predicts cross-sectional stock returns, and yet institutional investors in aggregate trade in the “wrong” direction of the net share issuance effect. Motivated by the findings in the existing literature that short-term institutions and short sellers are better informed and more skilled, in this study I examine whether these investors exploit the net share issuance effect. I provide evidence that short-term institutions and short sellers indeed trade in the “right” direction of the net share issuance effect. On the other hand, firms exploit long-term institutions as liquidity provision in share issuance or repurchase. In addition, the results show that short sellers trade against institutional investors, especially long-term institutions, when exploiting the net share issuance.
Depression during pregnancy: detection, comorbidity and treatment

Depression during pregnancy is common (∼15%). Routine prenatal depression screening coupled with the use of physician collaborators to assist in connecting women with care is critical to facilitate treatment engagement with appropriate providers. Providers should be aware of risk factors for depression – including a previous history of depression, life events, and interpersonal conflict – and should appropriately screen for such conditions. Depression during pregnancy has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes including preeclampsia, insufficient weight gain, decreased compliance with prenatal care, and premature labor. Current research has questioned the overall benefit of treating depression during pregnancy with antidepressants when compared to the risk of untreated depression for mother and child. Published guidelines favor psychotherapy above medication as the first line treatment for prenatal depression. Poor neonatal adaptation or withdrawal symptoms in the neonate may occur with fetal exposure in late pregnancy, but the symptoms are mild to moderate and transient. The majority of mothers who decide to stop taking their antidepressants during pregnancy suffer relapsing symptoms. If depression continues postpartum, there is an increased risk of poor mother–infant attachment, delayed cognitive and linguistic skills in the infant, impaired emotional development, and behavioral problems in later life. Bipolar depression, anxiety and substance use disorders, and/or presence of severe psychosocial stress can lead to treatment‐resistance. Modified and more complex treatment algorithms are then warranted. Psychiatric medications, interpersonal or cognitive‐behavioral therapy, and adjunctive parent–infant/family treatment, as well as social work support, are modalities often required to comprehensively address all issues surrounding the illness.
Highly cited old papers and the reasons why they continue to be cited

This article describes a study to ascertain the reasons why certain old papers are still highly cited many years after their publication. Twenty-three old papers in the subject fields of physics and physical chemistry which are still highly cited were selected, and 978 of the papers that cited them in the period 1974–1975 were studied. A new typology of reasons for citing the papers was devised, and using this typology, it was found that about 40% of the citations were for historical reasons, but that in the remaining 60% of the cases, the old paper is still begin actively used. We discuss some discrepancies between our citation figures and citation figures quoted by Garfield. We also discuss a number of errors which were found, both in citing articles and in Science Citation Index. Finally, calculations indicate that there is a rule that each cited paper is referred to, on average, 1.05-1.15 times in every paper that cites it, and that this rule has general validity.
Responsible Investments by Foundations from a Legal Perspective

The management of foundation assets may, at first guess, promise little fascination: The foundation is assigned a certain capital stock by the founder; this capital stock is then invested very conservatively in, say, public bonds; and the return on this investment – constant and limited as it is – is used by the foundation board to further the foundation purpose. (In this article we will not and cannot engage in a technical definition and delineation of the financial and legal meaning of terms like “asset” and “return” with regard to the foundation sector. Cf., e.g., Fritz 2009, n. 443 et seq.) Yet even if this “conservative” pattern may hitherto have been a correct description of the typical foundation asset handling, it nowadays is losing its descriptive force as realities in the foundation sector begin to change.
Decision Rules and Portfolio Management for Retirees: Is the 'Safe' Initial Withdrawal Rate Too Safe?

This paper establishes new guidelines for determining the maximum "safe" initial withdrawal rate, defined as (1) never requiring a reduction in withdrawals from any previous year, (2) allowing for systematic increases to offset inflation, and (3) maintaining the portfolio for at least 40 years. It evaluates the maximum safe initial withdrawal rate during the extreme period from 1973 to 2003 that included two severe bear markets and a prolonged early period of abnormally high inflation. It tests the performance of balanced multi-asset class portfolios that utilize six distinct equity categories: U.S. Large Value, U.S. Large Growth, U.S. Small Value, U.S. Small Growth, International Stocks, and Real Estate. Two portfolios (65 percent equity and 80 percent equity) are evaluated in conjunction with systematic Decision Rules that govern portfolio management, sources of annual income withdrawals, impact of years with investment losses and withdrawal increases to offset ongoing inflation. This paper finds that applying these Decision Rules produces a maximum "safe" initial withdrawal rate as high as 5.8 percent to 6.2 percent depending on the percentage of the portfolio that is allocated to equities.
Single-Feed Quad-Beam Transmitarray Antenna Design

We present a design methodology for single-feed multibeam transmitarray antennas through case studies of quad-beam designs. Different far-field pattern masks and fitness functions are studied for multibeam designs, and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is implemented for aperture phase synthesis. A quad-layer configuration of double square loops is used for the transmitarray elements, and a quad-beam transmitarray prototype is fabricated and tested. The effects of various approximations in unit-cell analysis are also investigated in detail. The Ku-band prototype generates four symmetric beams with 50° elevation separation between the beams and gains around 23 dB.
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Gallbladder in a 22-Year-Old Man: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder is an uncommon malignancy with a variable incidence among different geographic locales and ethnic groups. Women are affected generally 3 times as often as men. Choleliths are a significant risk factor. Other risk factors include abnormal union of the choledochopancreatic ducts, obesity, multiparity, chronic infection with certain bacteria, and genetics. The signet ring cell subtype of adenocarcinoma is a rare entity. The behavior of this subtype is not well described in the literature. The authors present a case of signet ring cell carcinoma of the gallbladder, unusual in their case because of the patient’s young age, male gender, African American ethnicity, and lack of choleliths or any other risk factors. They review the literature in English to characterize this rare subtype.
Extraction of ontology schema components from financial news

In this thesis we describe an incremental multi-layer rule-based methodology for the extraction of ontology schema components from German financial newspaper text. By Extraction of Ontology Schema Components we mean the detection of new concepts and relations between these concepts for ontology building. The process of detecting concepts and relations between these concepts corresponds to the intensional part of an ontology and is often referred to as ontology learning1. We present the process of rule generation for the extraction of ontology schema components as well as the application of the generated rules. Most of the research on ontology learning (Cimiano et al., 2005; Aguado de Cea et al., 2008) investigates the learning potential at sentential level, after the corpus has undergone a deep linguistic analysis2. In this thesis we present a bottomup method for the extraction of ontology schema components, showing that the extraction process of new classes and relations can be initialized at a more ”lower” level using shallow and robust linguistic analysis. We start the investigation by extracting candidates for ontology classes and relations from plain text, by applying text-based and string-based patterns. Then we go one step further and apply the accumulated knowledge from the previous step on Part-of-Speech (PoS) and semantically annotated text, validating in this way 1Ontology learning is the process of semi-automatic support in ontology development (Buitelaar et al., 2005) 2By deep linguistic analysis we mean grammatical function analysis.
Evaluation of a method to reduce over-the-counter medication dosing error.

OBJECTIVES To introduce a simple method of dosing over-the-counter medication in a home setting using a color-coding concept and to compare dosing deviation from recommended dosage using the color-coded method with dosing deviation using conventional package labeling. DESIGN Randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING Pediatric emergency center at a tertiary care medical center. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 101 caregivers of children with nonemergent complaints separated into 2 groups. One group used a conventional dosing method and the other group used a color-coded method to determine and measure a dose of acetaminophen for their child. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES For both dose determination and dose measuring, percentage of deviation from recommended acetaminophen dosage was calculated and compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS There was no significant difference in sociodemographic characteristics between the 2 groups. How-ever, for dose determination, the average deviation (25.8% vs 1.7%) and median deviation (1% vs 0%) from recommended dosage were both higher for the group using conventional methods compared with the group using the color-coded method. The Wilcoxon rank sum test indicated that the median deviation was significantly different between the 2 groups (P<.001). Similar results were obtained for dose measuring. The average deviation (29% vs 0.5%) and the median deviation (17.2% vs 0%) from recommended dosage were higher for the group using conventional methods compared with the group using the color-coded method. The median deviation was also significantly different between the 2 groups (P<.001). CONCLUSION This study suggests a marked improvement in caregivers' ability to correctly determine and measure an over-the-counter medication for their child using a color-coded method compared with conventional methods.
MRI safety: RF-induced heating near straight wires

One of the most crucial magnetic resonance (MR) safety concerns is related to excessive heating of metallic implants by the radio frequency (RF) magnetic field. In this study, heating by the MR imaging (MRI) RF magnetic field of bare and insulated wires was evaluated to model the heating of medical lead wires. Currents induced in the wire were calculated using the method of moments. The electric field in the tissue surrounding the wire was calculated to determine the power deposition. From the power, the temperature rise was calculated using the bioheat equation. For bare wires, the calculated and maximal temperature rise, which is about 28/spl deg/C, occurred for a length of 20 cm. For lengths exceeding 20 cm, temperature rises for the insulated wires were greater, and the resonance length exceeded 40 cm.
Studies of the developmental potential of 4- and 8-cell stage mouse blastomeres.

The object of this study was to assess the full developmental potential of all the blastomeres in 4-cell and 8-cell stage mouse embryos. Isolated blastomeres at these stages have limited developmental powers, and in order to follow their development into the postimplantation period a method of combining each blastomere into a chimaeric composite was devised. Preliminary experiments indicated the most favourable genetic combinations and blastomere arrangements. For the 4-cell stage embryos each individual donor blastomere was combined with genetically distinct blastomeres at the same stage to make a “Quarted” of composite embryos. The occurrence of the donor cell characters in these composites when they were recovered at the tenth day of pregnancy and at term, indicates that each 4-cell stage blastomere is totipotent and may contribute extensively to a mouse and also to the yolk sac and trophoblast. Eight-cell stage blastomeres were obtained in pairs, each pair being derived from a particular 4-cell stage blastomere. The development of the pairs were followed in chimaeric composites. Each blastomere of a pair was found to have the same range of developmental potential. This indicates a lack of segregation of morphogenetic factors and implies totipotency of the 8-cell stage blastomeres. The relevance of these results to the current theories of blastocyst differentiation is discussed.