Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A three-phase excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and its response to exercise training.

The recovery of oxygen uptake to the standard metabolic rate (SMR) following exhaustive chasing exercise in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr occurred in three phases (rapid, plateau and slow). The initial recovery phase lasted 0·7 h and contributed 16% to the total excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). It was followed by a longer plateau phase that contributed 53% to the total EPOC. The slow recovery phase that completed recovery of SMR, which has not been reported previously, made a 31% contribution to the total EPOC. The plasticity of EPOC was demonstrated in exercise-trained fish. Exercise training increased EPOC by 39% when compared with control fish (mean ± S.E., 877·7 ± 73·1 v. 629·2 ± 53·4 mg O2 kg-1 , d.f. = 9, P < 0·05), with the duration of the plateau phase increasing by 38% (4·7 ± 0·58 v. 3·4 ± 0·16 h, d.f. = 9, P < 0·05) and the contribution of the slow phase to the total EPOC increasing by 80% (173·9 ± 23·9 v. 312·5 ± 50·4 mg O2 kg-1 , d.f. = 9, P < 0·05). As a result, the combination of the plateau and slow phases of exercise-trained fish increased by 47% compared with control fish (756·6 ± 71·4 v. 513·6 ± 43·1 mg O2 kg-1 ; d.f. = 9, P = 0·01). To substantiate the hypothesis that the plateau and slow recovery phase of EPOC was related to general metabolic recovery following exhaustive exercise, the time-course for recovery of SMR was compared with previously published metabolite recovery profiles. The final phase of metabolic recovery was temporally associated with the final phases of gluconeogenesis, lactate oxidation and muscle intracellular pH regulation. Therefore, the plasticity of the latter phase of EPOC agreed with the known effects of exercise training in fishes.
Moving-object detection method for moving cameras by merging background subtraction and optical flow methods

This paper presents a novel moving-object detection method for moving cameras. The proposed method merges two scores to detect moving objects more accurately in quasi-real time. We designed two scores, anomaly and motion, for real-time application. The anomaly score is calculated based on a background subtraction and depends on the difference in pixel intensities between the current image and the background model. The anomaly score extract the moving objects pixels with high precision rate, however it tends to result in under-detection (low recall rate) in the object pixels whose intensities are close to the background. The motion score is calculated from a sparse optical-flow, which is based on the short-term tracking results of sparsely sampled points. The motion score can extract the moving object's pixels with high recall rate, even if those pixel intensities are close to the background. However, it tends to result in over-detection (low precision rate) around the object boundaries due to the sparse optical flow. We propose to merge these two complementary scores to compensate for each other, thus it can detect moving objects with robustness and high resolution. Experimental results showed that our proposed method outperforms the conventional methods in terms of F-measure.
Mesenchymal stem cell expression of SDF‐1β synergizes with BMP‐2 to augment cell‐mediated healing of critical‐sized mouse calvarial defects

Bone has the potential for spontaneous healing. This process, however, often fails in patients with comorbidities. Tissue engineering combining functional cells, biomaterials and osteoinductive cues may provide alternative treatment strategies. We have recently demonstrated that stromal cell‐derived factor‐1β (SDF‐1β) works in concert with bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) to potentiate osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs). Here, we test the hypothesis that SDF‐1β overexpressed in Tet‐Off‐SDF‐1β BMSCs, delivered on acellular dermal matrix (ADM), synergistically augments BMP‐2‐induced healing of critical‐sized mouse calvarial defects. BMSC therapies alone showed limited bone healing, which was increased with co‐delivery of BMP‐2. This was further enhanced in Tet‐Off‐SDF‐1β BMSCs + BMP‐2. Only limited BMSC retention on ADM constructs was observed after 4 weeks in vivo, which was increased with BMP‐2 co‐delivery. In vitro cell proliferation studies showed that supplementing BMP‐2 to Tet‐Off BMSCs significantly increased the cell number during the first 24 h. Consequently, the increased cell numbers decreased the detectable BMP‐2 levels in the medium, but increased cell‐associated BMP‐2. The data suggest that SDF‐1β provides synergistic effects supporting BMP‐2‐induced, BMSC‐mediated bone formation and appears suitable for optimization of bone augmentation in combination therapy protocols. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting pregnancy outcomes using longitudinal information: a penalized splines mixed‐effects model approach

We propose a semiparametric nonlinear mixed‐effects model (SNMM) using penalized splines to classify longitudinal data and improve the prediction of a binary outcome. The work is motivated by a study in which different hormone levels were measured during the early stages of pregnancy, and the challenge is using this information to predict normal versus abnormal pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this paper is to compare models and estimation strategies on the basis of alternative formulations of SNMMs depending on the characteristics of the data set under consideration. For our motivating example, we address the classification problem using a particular case of the SNMM in which the parameter space has a finite dimensional component (fixed effects and variance components) and an infinite dimensional component (unknown function) that need to be estimated. The nonparametric component of the model is estimated using penalized splines. For the parametric component, we compare the advantages of using random effects versus direct modeling of the correlation structure of the errors. Numerical studies show that our approach improves over other existing methods for the analysis of this type of data. Furthermore, the results obtained using our method support the idea that explicit modeling of the serial correlation of the error term improves the prediction accuracy with respect to a model with random effects, but independent errors. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Video-assisted thoracic surgery is associated with better short-term outcomes than open thoracotomy in adult patients with intralobar pulmonary sequestration.

OBJECTIVES This study was aimed to investigate potential benefits of thoracoscopic surgery for intralobar pulmonary sequestration in adult patients in terms of short-term surgical outcomes when compared with open surgery. METHODS Data of 110 consecutive adult patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery or open surgery for intralobar sequestration from January 2000 to December 2015 at our institution were reviewed. A total of 42 video-assisted thoracic surgery cases and 68 open surgery cases were identified. Perioperative outcomes were compared between video-assisted thoracic surgery and open surgery to evaluate efficacy. RESULTS Neither group had surgical mortality. Although the overall morbidity was without statistical significance (P = 0.13), pleural effusion that required repeated thoracentesis was less frequent in thoracoscopic surgery (n = 1, 2.4% vs n = 11, 16.2%, P = 0.028). Thoracoscopic surgery was associated with less intraoperative bleeding [193 (standard deviation, SD 238) ml vs 241 (SD 221) ml, P = 0.013] and shorter postoperative stay [5.0 (SD 2.4) days vs 9.5 (SD 3.7) days, P < 0.001] compared with open thoracotomy. No significant difference was found for operation duration (P = 0.51) or chest drainage days (P = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS Video-assisted thoracic surgery is associated with less intraoperative bleeding and shorter postoperative hospital stay than is open thoracotomy in surgical resection of intralobar pulmonary sequestration in adult patients.
A Polyurethane-Based Nanocomposite Biocompatible Bone Adhesive

A novel polyurethane-based foam-like adhesive reinforced with nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA) particles was developed and investigated for bone-to-bone bonding applications in terms of mechanical adhesion and biocompatibility. The adhesive has a hierarchical structure with HA particles at the nanoscale level and pores at the micro-scale level. This adhesive was tested mechani- cally in the three principal loading modes anticipated: shear, tension, and compression. Standard testing procedures were used when available. Tensile strength of primed adhesive showed a four-fold increase in adhesion on unmodified bone and a nearly two-fold increase in adhesion to primed bone as compared with the conventional bone cement. Biocompatibility was initially assessed in vitro using cell culture tests, which showed positive interaction with the adhesive. Then, a second biocompatibility test was performed using Xenopus laevis limbs to assess an in vivo response. The results indicated that the adhesive material produces a normal response consistent with control specimens. However, long-term observations and tests with additional species are needed to demonstrate full biocompatibility. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 000: 000-000, 2012
Towards Minimal Tardiness of Data-Intensive Applications in Heterogeneous Networks

The increasing data requirement of Internet applications has driven a dramatic surge in developing new programming paradigms and complex scheduling algorithms to handle data-intensive workloads. Due to the expanding volume and the variety of such flows, their raw data are often processed on intermediate processing nodes before being sent to servers. The intermediate processing constraints are however not yet considered in existing task and flow computing models. In this paper, we aim to minimize the total tardiness of all flows in the presence of intermediate processing constraints. We build a model to consider Tardiness-aware Flow Scheduling with Processing constraints (TFS-P), which is unfortunately NP-Hard. Hence, we propose a heuristic Routing and Scheduling duplex MATching (RSMAT) framework based on the classic Gale-Shapley Matching Theory. We find that the problem can be well-addressed by classic Deferred Acceptance (DA) algorithm, in which the match is stable but inefficient for the model. We therefore propose the Tardiness-aware Deferred Acceptance algorithm with Dynamical Quota (TDA-DQ). This algorithm is enhanced by overcoming the inefficient stability and smartly considering the dynamical quota in the system. The evaluation compares TDA-DQ to the lower bound obtained by a modified subgradient optimization algorithm. The result indicates that TDA-DQ can achieve near-optimal performance for data-intensive applications.
Cooperation of Sall4 and Sox8 transcription factors in the regulation of the chicken Sox3 gene during otic placode development

To elucidate the transcriptional regulation that underlies specification of the otic placode, we investigated the Sox3 downstream enhancer Otic1 of the chicken, the activity of which is restricted to and distributed across the entire otic placode. The 181‐bp Otic1 enhancer sequence was dissected into a 68‐bp minimal activating sequence, which exhibited dimer enhancer activity in the otic placode and cephalic neural crest, and this was further reduced to a 25‐bp Otic1 core sequence, which also showed octamer enhancer activity in the same regions. The Otic1 core octamer was activated by the combined action of Sall4 and the SoxE transcription factors (TFs) Sox8 or Sox9. Binding of Sall4, Sox8 and Sox9 to the Otic1 sequence in embryonic tissues was confirmed by ChIP‐qPCR analysis. The core‐adjoining 3′ side sequences of Otic1 augmented its enhancer activity, while inclusion of the CAGGTG sequence in the immediate 3′ end of the 68‐bp sequence repressed its enhancer activity outside the otic placode. The CAGGTG sequence likely serves as the binding sites of the repressor TFs δEF1 (Zeb1), Sip1 (Zeb2), and Snail2, all of which are expressed in the cephalic neural crest but not in the otic placode. Therefore, the combination of Sall4‐Sox8‐dependent activation and CAGGTG sequence‐dependent repression determines otic placode development. Although the Otic1 sequence is not conserved in mammals or fishes, the activation mechanism is, as Otic1 was also activated in otic placode tissues developed from mouse embryonic stem cells and transient transgenic zebrafish embryos.
Feeling of knowing in episodic memory.

Feeling of knowing judgments can be viewed as one mode of expressing knowledge of stored information. The present experiments explored the relation of the feeling of knowing to two other modes of expressing knowledge, recall and recognition, by examining how manipulations of encoding, storage, and retrieval conditions affected the relative frequency of positive and negative feeling of knowing judgments and feeling of knowing accuracy. Relative frequency of positive and negative feeling of knowing judgments, like recall and recognition, was influenced by experimentally induced changes in encoding, storage, and retrieval conditions. In contrast, feeling of knowing accuracy was not sensitive to changes in encoding and storage conditions but was affected by changes in retrieval conditions. The results are discussed with regard to methodological and theoretical issues raised by the present experiments that bear on feeling of knowing research in general.
Nuclear Entry of Activated MAPK Is Restricted in Primary Ovarian and Mammary Epithelial Cells

Background The MAPK/ERK1/2 serine kinases are primary mediators of the Ras mitogenic signaling pathway. Phosphorylation by MEK activates MAPK/ERK in the cytoplasm, and phospho-ERK is thought to enter the nucleus readily to modulate transcription. Principal Findings Here, however, we observe that in primary cultures of breast and ovarian epithelial cells, phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2 are disassociated from nuclear translocalization and transcription of downstream targets, such as c-Fos, suggesting that nuclear translocation is limited in primary cells. Accordingly, in import assays in vitro, primary cells showed a lower import activity for ERK1/2 than cancer cells, in which activated MAPK readily translocated into the nucleus and activated c-Fos expression. Primary cells express lower levels of nuclear pore complex proteins and the nuclear transport factors, importin B1 and importin 7, which may explain the limiting ERK1/2 import found in primary cells. Additionally, reduction in expression of nucleoporin 153 by siRNA targeting reduced ERK1/2 nuclear activity in cancer cells. Conclusion ERK1/2 activation is dissociated from nuclear entry, which is a rate limiting step in primary cells and in vivo, and the restriction of nuclear entry is disrupted in transformed cells by the increased expression of nuclear pores and/or nuclear transport factors.
Dimerization and nuclear entry of mPER proteins in mammalian cells.

Nuclear entry of circadian oscillatory gene products is a key step for the generation of a 24-hr cycle of the biological clock. We have examined nuclear import of clock proteins of the mammalian period gene family and the effect of serum shock, which induces a synchronous clock in cultured cells. Previously, mCRY1 and mCRY2 have been found to complex with PER proteins leading to nuclear import. Here we report that nuclear translocation of mPER1 and mPER2 (1) involves physical interactions with mPER3, (2) is accelerated by serum treatment, and (3) still occurs in mCry1/mCry2 double-deficient cells lacking a functional biological clock. Moreover, nuclear localization of endogenous mPER1 was observed in cultured mCry1/mCry2 double-deficient cells as well as in the liver and the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of mCry1/mCry2 double-mutant mice. This indicates that nuclear translocation of at least mPER1 also can occur under physiological conditions (i.e., in the intact mouse) in the absence of any CRY protein. The mPER3 amino acid sequence predicts the presence of a cytoplasmic localization domain (CLD) and a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Deletion analysis suggests that the interplay of the CLD and NLS proposed to regulate nuclear entry of PER in Drosophila is conserved in mammals, but with the novel twist that mPER3 can act as the dimerizing partner.
Cancer of the prostate: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.

Subclinical prostate cancer is common in men >50 years of age. Population-based screening of men aged between 55 and 69 years, using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, has been evaluated in randomised trials [1, 2]. After a median follow-up of 13 years, the European screening trial demonstrated a relative reduction in the risk of prostate cancer mortality of 21% (29% if adjusted for non-compliance). However, 781 men needed to be invited for screening and 27 patients needed to be treated to prevent one death from prostate cancer. Risk-adapted early detection of prostate cancer using a baseline PSA level has also been evaluated in retrospective cohort studies. The baseline PSA at or before the age of 50 years is associated with the risk of prostate cancer mortality over the subsequent 25 years [3].
A deep learning convolution architecture for simple embedded applications

A simple AXI based convolution architecture for deep learning is presented. Input feature maps and kernel weights are stored in P K∗K memory blocks and convolution is done from output feature map 0 to M-1, and inside a feature map, output is generated in raster scan order. Data from P input feature maps are summed in parallel during convolution. It is possible to provide P K∗K input feature map data, P K∗K weights and the bias for the input and output feature maps being processed by manipulating the read addresses and read data alignment. Dual buffers are used to perform convolution for output feature map while DMA write for previous final output feature map is in progress. Correct operation was verified by comparing RTL simulation and C program run results. This method provides over 2,000 speed-up compared to pure software method and with flow control between DMA and convolution, much less memory can be used. This architecture can be used for convolution acceleration for moderate deep learning applications on embedded systems.
Validation of adapted daily dose definitions for hospital antibacterial drug use evaluation: a multicentre study

Background The WHO/ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) index DDD (WHO-DDD) is commonly used for drug consumption measurement. Discrepancies between WHO-DDD and actual prescribed daily doses (PDD) in hospitals have prompted alternative dose definitions adapted to doses recommended in hospital practice guidelines [recommended daily doses (RDD)]. Methods In order to validate RDD we performed modified point prevalence surveys in 24 acute care hospitals and recorded 20620 PDD of antibiotics given to 4226 adult patients on the day of the survey and the 6 preceding days. We calculated RDD and WHO-DDD and compared them with PDD. Results The rate of RDD corresponding to PDD was higher than the corresponding rate for WHO-DDD (pooled data, 55% versus 30%) and the differences were similar across the hospital sample, but varied according to drug/drug class, route of administration, indication and renal function. RDD underestimated actual consumption by 14% overall, while WHO-DDD overestimated total antibacterial consumption by 28% (pooled data; median values RDD -10% versus WHO-DDD +32%). The deviations of estimated from actual drug use volumes were largest for β-lactams (RDD -11% versus WHO-DDD +49%), in particular for penicillins (-11% versus +64%), if WHO-DDD were used. Conclusions Hospital antibiotic consumption surveillance systems using current WHO-DDD should address the uneven discrepancies between actual prescribing and consumption estimates according to drug class that may lead to misclassification in benchmark analyses. We recommend using validated RDD as a supplementary measure to the WHO-DDD for detailed analyses.
The prediction of fusion degree of international groups from their Twitter accounts

Recently, social media has had a tremendous impact on our life and culture. Most of people enter the social media websites every day to do several things which makes them the most popular data sources on the Internet. According to this increasing impact of social media, many research works have done to study these websites, analyze them and predict useful information from them. Twitter is one of most popular and widely used social media network in the world. In this paper, a new efficient algorithm is proposed to solve society problem that does not discussed before which is the fusion degree of international groups on their new countries. During the many wars, political problems and other personal situations, many people changing their places and try to find better life in other countries. Therefore, it becomes very important for those new countries to simplify that task as can as possible and continuously follow the fusion process of those new coming persons in the society. The proposed algorithm in this paper will measure the fusion degree of international groups automatically from their twitter accounts. The proposed algorithm uses some features from the Twitter public information to estimate this degree. As a case study the new algorithm was applied on Arabic people in Turkey.
Testing the “Boundaries” of boundary extension: Anticipatory scene representation across development and disorder

Recent studies have suggested that Boundary Extension (BE), a scene construction error, may be linked to the function of the hippocampus. In this study, we tested BE in two groups with variations in hippocampal development and disorder: a typically developing sample ranging from preschool to adolescence and individuals with Down syndrome. We assessed BE across three different test modalities: drawing, visual recognition, and a 3D scene boundary reconstruction task. Despite confirmed fluctuations in memory function measured through a neuropsychological assessment, the results showed consistent BE in all groups across test modalities, confirming the near universal nature of BE. These results indicate that BE is an essential function driven by a complex set of processes, that occur even in the face of delayed memory development and hippocampal dysfunction in special populations.
Antifeedant Activities of Lignans from Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. against Tribolium castaneum

The speciation of a methanolic extract of Zanthoxylum armatum stem bark has enabled the isolation and characterization of 11 known lignans. Among them, five compounds (6, 8–11) are reported in this plant for the first time. All of the chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectral analysis. Additionally, their antifeedant activities against Tribolium castaneum were evaluated scientifically. Among them, asarinin (1), with an EC50 of 25.64 ppm, exhibited a much stronger antifeedant activity than the positive control, toosendanin (EC50 = 71.69 ppm). Moreover, fargesin (2), horsfieldin (3), and magnolone (10), with EC50 values of 63.24, 68.39, and 78.37 ppm, showed almost the same antifeedant activity as the positive control. From the perspective of structure-effectiveness relationship, compounds with the chemical group of methylenedioxy exhibited higher antifeedant activities and have potential to be developed into novel antifeedants or potential lead compounds to protect food and crops in storage.