Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smartphone-based networks for earthquake detection

To enhance current earthquake early warning (EEW) systems, emerging technologies, including social and mobile computing, have been the focus of much attention. As smartphones have benefitted from significant development over the last few years, it is now possible to capture various kinds of motion using a smartphone's sensors, (e.g., accelerometer, GPS, etc.) including earthquake motion. To that end, we developed smartphone software to capture and backend analytics to determine whether the motion captured by a smartphone is caused by an earthquake or by human motion. In so doing, our goal is to establish a new type of seismic network using smartphones which enhance traditional seismic networks. In this paper, we evaluated the use of smartphones as detection devices; collected both human and simulated earthquake data using the smartphones, and developed an algorithm to distinguish earthquakes from human activities. Our results show that using our algorithms, a smartphone can not only be used as a recording instrument, but also a highly accurate earthquake detection tool. As a result, creating networks of seismic sensors based on smartphones will enhance the safety of communities vulnerable to earthquakes, worldwide.
Crystal Structure of a Virus-Encoded Putative Glycosyltransferase

ABSTRACT The chloroviruses (family Phycodnaviridae), unlike most viruses, encode some, if not most, of the enzymes involved in the glycosylation of their structural proteins. Annotation of the gene product B736L from chlorovirus NY-2A suggests that it is a glycosyltransferase. The structure of the recombinantly expressed B736L protein was determined by X-ray crystallography to 2.3-Å resolution, and the protein was shown to have two nucleotide-binding folds like other glycosyltransferase type B enzymes. This is the second structure of a chlorovirus-encoded glycosyltransferase and the first structure of a chlorovirus type B enzyme to be determined. B736L is a retaining enzyme and belongs to glycosyltransferase family 4. The donor substrate was identified as GDP-mannose by isothermal titration calorimetry and was shown to bind into the cleft between the two domains in the protein. The active form of the enzyme is probably a dimer in which the active centers are separated by about 40 Å.
Biotechnologically Relevant Enzymes and Proteins P450 Bm3 Fused to Phosphite Dehydrogenase Allows Phosphite-driven Selective Oxidations

To facilitate the wider application of the NADPH-dependent P450 BM3, we fused the monooxygenase with a phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH). The resulting monooxygenase-dehydrogenase fusion enzyme acts as a self-sufficient bifunctional catalyst, accepting phosphite as a cheap electron donor for the regeneration of NADPH. The well-expressed fusion enzyme was purified and analyzed in comparison to the parent enzymes. Using lauric acid as substrate for P450 BM3 , it was found that the fusion enzyme had similar substrate affinity and hydroxylation selectivity while it displayed a significantly higher activity than the non-fused monooxygenase. Phosphite-driven conversions of lauric acid at restricted NADPH concentrations confirmed multiple turnovers of the cofactor. Interestingly, both the fusion enzyme and the native P450 BM3 displayed enzyme concentration dependent activity and the fused enzyme reached optimal activity at a lower enzyme concentration. This suggests that the fusion enzyme has an improved tendency to form functional oligomers. To explore the constructed phosphite-driven P450 BM3 as a biocatalyst, conversions of the drug compounds omeprazole and rosiglitazone were performed. PTDH-P450 BM3 driven by phosphite was found to be more efficient in terms of total turnover when compared with P450 BM3 driven by NADPH. The results suggest that PTDH-P450 BM3 is an attractive system for use in biocatalytic and drug metabolism studies.
Differentiation of Adult Mouse Olfactory Precursor Cells into Hair Cells In Vitro

Many forms of deafness result from degeneration of the sensory cells for hearing, the hair cells in the cochlea. Stem cells offer a potential cell‐based therapy for the treatment of deafness. Here, we investigate whether adult olfactory precursor cells can differentiate into hair cells in culture. Precursor cells were isolated from mouse olfactory neuroepithelium, were sphere‐forming, showed proliferative capacity, and contained cells expressing neuronal and non‐neuronal proteins. To induce differentiation, precursor cells were cocultured with cochlear cells and/or cochlear supernatant. Differentiated precursor cells were immunopositive for specific hair cell markers, including myosin VIIa, FM1‐43, calretinin, phalloidin, and espin, and resembled hair cells anatomically and immunocytochemically in culture. The results demonstrate for the first time that adult olfactory precursor cells can differentiate into hair cell‐like cells, thus providing a potential autotransplantation therapy for hearing loss.
Creating a Feasible Corpus for Persian POS Tagging

This paper describes creation of a test collection for Persian Part of Speech Tagging experiments. This collection was created by modifying a manually Part of Speech (POS) tagged Persian corpus with over two million tagged words. The original collection had a tag set of 550 tags that are more than what any machine learning algorithm can handle. The number of tags for these experiments was reduced to only 40 tags. Since the main motivation for creation of this collection is building and testing efficient Persian Part of Speech taggers, a benchmark tagger was created for that used Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) for guessing the correct tags in Persian. Two different versions this tagger were produced that differed on handling “Unseen words”. One of them tagged the unseen words with a “DEFAULT” tag and in the other one with “N-SING” which was the most frequent tag used in the corpus. The best accuracy that was achieved by MLE tagging was (95.43%). The results of the experiments are encouraging as they are comparable to other languages such as English German and Spanish. This test corpus will be distributed among other researchers to be used as a base for Persian natural language processing.
The Novel Design Method of Hardware Trojans

In this paper, according to the obfuscation design idea of hardware protection, we present a hardware Trojans generating method based on obfuscation design. We take the AES algorithm as the target circuits and compare the impacts of the Hardware Trojans circuits after the obfuscation design on the area, power and timing-delay with the original circuits, and achieve to increase the difficult of functional verification and logic detection.
Outlier Ranking via Subspace Analysis in Multiple Views of the Data

Outlier mining is an important task for finding anomalous objects. In practice, however, there is not always a clear distinction between outliers and regular objects as objects have different roles w.r. t. different attribute sets. An object may deviate in one subspace, i.e. a subset of attributes. And the same object might appear perfectly regular in other subspaces. One can think of subspaces as multiple views on one database. Traditional methods consider only one view (the full attribute space). Thus, they miss complex outliers that are hidden in multiple subspaces. In this work, we propose Outrank, a novel outlier ranking concept. Outrank exploits subspace analysis to determine the degree of outlierness. It considers different subsets of the attributes as individual outlier properties. It compares clustered regions in arbitrary subspaces and derives an outlierness score for each object. Its principled integration of multiple views into an outlierness measure uncovers outliers that are not detectable in the full attribute space. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that Outrank successfully determines a high quality outlier ranking, and outperforms state-of-the-art outlierness measures.
Effect of Adherence on Lifetime Fractures in Osteoporotic Women Treated With Daily and Weekly Bisphosphonates

Patients miss doses of their osteoporosis medications, or stop taking them altogether, for a variety of reasons. Whereas the reasons have been well‐studied, their consequences, at the population level, have not. The goal of this study was to estimate the number of fractures that could be prevented with optimal adherence compared with usual adherence to daily and weekly bisphosphonates in the United States (US). We developed a simulation of adherence to bisphosphonate therapy in the US. The model samples women by age and BMD from nationally representative US distributions, and tracks them over time assuming they are treated with a daily or weekly bisphosphonate. The model simulates two adherence scenarios: usual adherence and optimal adherence. The differences in fracture rates between these scenarios, as well as the medication and fracture costs, are estimated with the model. Approximately 258 (95% interval, 194–324) lifetime fractures can be prevented with optimal adherence per 1,000 bisphosphonate‐treated women. For optimal adherence, these results translate to an additional lifetime medication cost of $3,800 and a lifetime savings in fracture‐related costs of $2,100, for an expected net cost of $1,700 (95% interval, −$4,100 to $3,300) per woman over her lifetime. These results suggest that in patients taking daily or weekly bisphosphonate therapy, a substantial number of fractures occur that are attributable to less than optimal adherence. These results show that there is implicit value to improving adherence, both from a financial and clinical perspective.
Study rationale and design of the CIMT trial: The Copenhagen Insulin and Metformin Therapy Trial

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an increased mortality rate primarily because of macrovascular disease. Where T2DM patients cannot be managed sufficiently through diet, exercise and peroral antidiabetic drugs, that is when haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is above 7.0%, it is yet unknown whether a combination of metformin and insulin analogues is superior to insulin analogues alone. Nor is it known which insulin analogue regimen is the optimal.
Robust, low cost indoor positioning using magnetic resonant coupling

We describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of an indoor positioning system based on resonant magnetic coupling. The system has an accuracy of less than 1 m2 and, because of the underlying physical principle, is robust with respect to disturbances such as people moving around or changes in room configuration. It consists of 16x16x16 cm transmitter coils, each able to cover an area of up to 50 m2, and provides location information to an arbitrary number of mobile receivers with an update rate of up to 30Hz. We evaluate the actual accuracy of the positioning with a robotic arm and show quantitatively that even large metallic objects have little effect on the signal. We then present an elaborate study of the performance of our system for the recognition of abstract locations such as "at the table", "in front of a cabinet". It comprises four different sites with a total of 100 individual locations some as little as 50 cm apart.
A Social Identidy Model of Media Usage and Effects

Abstract. We propose a social identity model of media usage and effects. This model explains how the media might cultivate power arrangements (i.e., promote social stasis) on the one hand, and contribute to social change on the other. We argue that current media theories are ill-equipped to meet both of these explanatory challenges. The model integrates (1) social identity processes with (2) Herman and Chomsky’s (1988) propaganda model, and (3) Abrams, Eveland, and Giles’s (2003) work on media images and group vitality. Social stasis is produced when the social environment is stable, and when people with status quo-consistent beliefs (i.e., social mobility and social creativity) engage with the media to confirm their beliefs. Social change occurs when people with socially competitive beliefs engage in actions (e.g., riots, peace marches) that re-inform others as to the instability and illegitimacy (among other things) of the current status and power relations in the world. If these actions are sufficientl.
An adaptable toolkit to assess commercial fishery costs and benefits related to marine protected area network design

Around the world, governments are establishing Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks to meet their commitments to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. MPAs are often used in an effort to conserve biodiversity and manage fisheries stocks. However, their efficacy and effect on fisheries yields remain unclear. We conducted a case-study on the economic impact of different MPA network design strategies on the Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) fisheries in Canada. The open-source R package that we developed to analyze this case study can be customized to conduct similar analyses for other systems. We used a spatially-explicit individual-based model of population growth and dispersal coupled with a fisheries management and harvesting component. We found that MPA networks that both protect the target species’ habitat and were spatially optimized to improve population connectivity had the highest net present value (i.e., were most profitable for the fishing industry). These higher profits were achieved primarily by reducing the distance travelled for fishing and reducing the probability of a moratorium event. These findings add to a growing body of knowledge demonstrating the importance of incorporating population connectivity in the MPA planning process, as well as the ability of this R package to explore ecological and economic consequences of alternative MPA network designs.
On the behavior of lightning induced voltage

In this paper, the influence of lightning induced voltages (LIV) on distribution lines (DL) is considered and the effects of channel and also geometrical parameters on the values of LIV are processed and the results are discussed accordingly. The results show that the peak values LIV are more dependent on the current peak, return stroke velocity and the conductor height with a linear relationship. Therefore, in order to design or improve distribution networks, the behaviour of LIV under different channel and geometrical conditions can be useful for setting and optimizing the appropriate protection level on the lines.
Potent Antiproliferative Effect on Liver Cancer of Medicinal Plants Selected from the Thai/Lanna Medicinal Plant Recipe Database “MANOSROI III”

Thai/Lanna medicinal plant recipes have been used for the treatment of several diseases including liver cancer. In this study, methanolic extracts (MEs) of 23 plants were tested for antiproliferative activity on human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2) by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Nine MEs with potent antiproliferative activity (IC50 < 100 µg/mL) were obtained and further semipurified by liquid/liquid partition extraction. The semipurified fractions were tested for the antiproliferative and antioxidative activities. ME of Stemona collinsae and the semipurified extract and methanol-water fraction (MF) of Gloriosa superba gave the highest antiproliferative activity on HepG2 which were 4.79- and 50.07-fold cisplatin, respectively. The semipurified fractions showed an increased antiproliferative activity. MF of Caesalpinia sappan and HF of Senna alata showed the highest free radical scavenging and metal chelating activities, respectively. The compound in n-hexane fraction (HF) of Ventilago denticulata which showed an increase in antiproliferative activity comparing to its ME was isolated and identified as emodin. This study has demonstrated the potential of the ME from S. collinsae, MF from G. superba, and emodin isolated from V. denticulata, for further development as an antiliver cancer agent.
Marketing channels for U.S. stocker cattle and the limited use of e-commerce

We investigate the underlying reasons for producers’ choice of marketing channels for stocker cattle in the United States. In addition to traditional public auctions, private sales, video auctions, and Internet auctions have been recently used in the marketing of stocker cattle. We find that while the number of marketing options may have increased in recent years, only relatively large producers can actually take advantage of these options. The marketing options for smaller producers are still limited due to their relative size. We also find that the number of cattle marketed privately and through video and Internet auctions is positively correlated with herd size. In addition, the New Institutional Economics (NIE) provides insights into how herd size influences the choice of marketing channels.
Physics of fluids at low Reynolds numbers—a molecular approach

techniques has opened a new window on diverse problems in physics. Our focus, in this article, is on a set of issues pertaining to the behavior of fluids, at low Reynolds numbers, for which the inertial forces are tiny compared to viscous forces. We shall discuss classes of long-standing problems for which a computational approach yields qualitatively new information that is inaccessible using conventional methods. Broadly speaking, these problems involve questions of behavior at the subcontinuum level for which experiments are unable to provide the requisite answers. In these cases, computers provide a bridge between microscopic and macroscopic scales and are beginning to yield new insights into technologically important issues. The computational method is molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation, which entails the integration of Newton’s laws of motion for a set of interacting molecules (see the flow diagram in Fig. 1). At the simplest level, molecular simulations are important for the interpretation of nanoscale experiments. A detailed understanding of the behavior of materials at very small scales is necessary for the fabrication of miniature devices and the manipulation of materials at the molecular scale. The behavior of materials at the nanoscale is often quite different from that in the bulk. For example, it has been found recently that very small systems may exhibit solid-liquid coexistence over a range of temperatures, quite distinct from the macroscopic behavior described by equilibrium statistical mechanics.1 Another example occurs in studies of friction in narrow systems,2 in which a combination of experiment and simulation has elucidated the relationship between the stick-slip behavior observed in experiments and the local freezing and melting first discovered in MD simulations by Thompson and Robbins.3 Microscopic studies are needed to assess the range of
Promotion of neuronal differentiation through activation of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors transiently expressed by undifferentiated neural progenitor cells in fetal rat neocortex

Neural progenitor cell is a generic term for undifferentiated cell populations composed of neural stem, neuronal progenitor, and glial progenitor cells with abilities for self‐renewal and multipotentiality. In this study, we have attempted to evaluate the possible functional expression of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors by neural progenitor cells prepared from neocortex of 18‐day‐old embryonic rats. Cells were cultured in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for different periods up to 12 days under floating conditions. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence imaging analyses revealed transient expression of functional NMDA receptors in neurospheres formed by clustered progenitors during the culture with bFGF. A similarly potent increase was seen in the fluorescence intensity after brief exposure to NMDA in cells differentiated after the removal of bFGF under adherent conditions, and an NMDA receptor antagonist invariably prevented these increases by NMDA. Moreover, sustained exposure to NMDA not only inhibited the formation of neurospheres when exposed for 10 days from day 2 to day 12 but also promoted spontaneous and induced differentiation of neurospheres to cells immunoreactive for a neuronal marker protein on immunocytochemistry and Western blotting analyses. These results suggest that functional NMDA receptors may be transiently expressed to play a role in mechanisms underlying the modulation of proliferation along with the determination of subsequent differentiation fate toward a neuronal lineage in neural progenitor cells of developing rat neocortex. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on in vitro produced bovine embryos and their outgrowth colonies

In vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos were subjected to in vitro culture with or without 1000 U/ml human recombinant leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) added to the culture medium from Days 5 to 8 post insemination (p.i.). Resulting blastocysts were subsequently plated intact on mouse feeder cells in a medium with or without LIF. Significantly more embryos reached the hatched blastocyst stage, and the number of blastocysts with excellent morphology was significantly higher, when LIF was omitted. At Day 8 p.i. , total cell count (TCC) and inner cell mass (ICM) cell count was significantly higher in embryos cultured without LIF. In embryos cultured with LIF, cytoplasmic vesicles and lipid droplets were abundant and a decreased expression of both Oct4 and laminin could be observed. Initial hypoblast formation was revealed in almost 1/3 of the LIF‐cultured blastocysts whereas this feature was evident in 2/3 of the blastocysts cultured in the absence of LIF. Overall, almost 60% of the blastocysts cultured without LIF formed outgrowth colonies (OCs) when plated on feeders, whereas this phenomenon was only observed in 30% of the blastocysts cultured in the presence of LIF. A tendency for retaining a tightly packed central growth of putative ICM‐derived cells was observed, when attachment to the feeder layer was initiated close to the embryonic pole of the blastocyst. At Day 8 of outgrowth culture, approximately 20% of the colonies contained a central core of putative ICM‐derived cells appearing large enough for mechanical isolation and further subculture. Immunohistochemical labeling for Oct4 revealed staining of both trophectodermal and ICM‐derived cells. The presence of LIF in the outgrowth culture medium did not have any apparent effect on the plating efficiency or colony type. In conclusion, LIF had an adverse effect on in vitro embryonic development when added to the culture medium in the period from Days 5 to 8 p.i. , whereas it had no apparent effect on the OCs subsequently formed from such embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 70: 445–454, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polyethylenimine-mediated expression of transgenes in the acinar cells of rats salivary glands in vivo

Non viral-mediated transfection of plasmid DNA provides a fast and reliable way to express various transgenes in selected cell populations in live animals. Here, we show an improvement of a previously published method that is based on injecting plasmid DNA into the ductal system of the salivary glands in live rats. Specifically, using complexes between plasmid DNA and polyethyleneimine (PEI) we show that the expression of the transgenes is directed selectively to the salivary acinar cells. PEI does not affect the ability of cells to undergo regulated exocytosis, which was one of the main drawbacks of the previous methods. Moreover PEI does not affect the proper localization and targeting of transfected proteins, as shown for the apical plasma membrane water channel aquaporin 5 (AQP5). Overall, this approach, coupled with the use of intravital microscopy, permits to conduct localization and functional studies under physiological conditions, in a rapid, reliable, and affordable fashion.