Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategic Interaction and Knowledge Sharing in the KDE Developer Mailing List

In stark contrast with the fully participative “bazaar” imagery of open source software (OSS) development, some recent empirical research has pointed out that much of the OSS development is carried out by a small percentage of developers. This raises serious concerns that concentration of development effort on a few will limit knowledge sharing and underutilize the available resources. Using the notion of strategic interaction, this paper argues that individual developers often interact strategically with other highly resourceful developers by forming a smaller but better organized structure to intensify the types of epistemic interactions that matter most to the OSS development. A general framework of strategic interaction including participation inequality, conversational interactivity, and cross-thread connectivity is proposed to examine its impact on knowledge sharing, and validated using 128 discussion threads from the K Desktop Environment (KDE) developer mailing list. The findings indicate that strategic interaction has expanded knowledge sharing but with the caveat that extreme concentration of development could have an opposite effect. For researchers, this study dovetails the incentive logic by proposing and validating the strategic aspects of OSS participation to better understand the collective dynamics underpinning OSS development. Practitioners can use this approach to evaluate and better support existing knowledge-sharing initiatives.
SPATIAL GENETIC STRUCTURE OF A TROPICAL UNDERSTORY SHRUB , PSYCHOTRIA OFFICINALIS ( RUBIACEAE ) 1

Analyses of fine-scale and macrogeographic genetic structure in plant populations provide an initial indication of how gene flow, natural selection, and genetic drift may collectively influence the distribution of genetic variation. The objective of our study is to evaluate the spatial dispersion of alleles within and among subpopulations of a tropical shrub, Psychotria officinalis (Rubiaceae), in a lowland wet forest in Costa Rica. This insect-pollinated, self-incompatible understory plant is dispersed primarily by birds, some species of which drop the seeds immediately while others transport seeds away from the parent plant. Thus, pollination should promote gene flow while at least one type of seed dispersal agent might restrict gene flow. Sampling from five subpopulations in undisturbed wet forest at Estaci6n Biologfca La Selva, Costa Rica, we used electrophoretically detected isozyme markers to examine the spatial scale of genetic structure. Our goals are: 1) describe genetic diversity of each of the five subpopulations of Psychotria officinalis ampled within a contiguous wet tropical forest; 2) evaluate fine-scale genetic structure of adults of P. officinalis within a single 2.25-ha mapped plot; and 3) estimate genetic structure of P. officinalis using data from five subpopulations located up to 2 km apart. Using estimates of coancestry, statistical analyses reveal significant positive genetic correlations between individuals on a scale of 5 m but no significant genetic relatedness beyond that interplant distance within the studied subpopulation. Multilocus estimates of genetic differentiation among subpopulations were low, but significant (Fs, = 0.095). Significant Fst estimates were largely attributable to a single locus (Lap-2). Thus, multilocus estimates of Fs, may be influenced by microgeographic selection. If true, then the observed levels of IBD may be overestimates.
Evaluating the performance of single and multiple core processors with PCMARK®05 and benchmark analysis

PCMark®05 [4, 8] is a highly popular synthetic benchmark for evaluating the performance of personal computers (PCs) with millions of downloads via the Internet. Based on open source and commercial applications, it measures the execution time of highly representative code extracts of these applications and reports scores reflecting the overall system performance, the CPU performance, the memory subsystem performance, the graphics subsystem performance, and the disk subsystem performance. In this article, we focus on the PCMark®05 CPU test suite which is composed of 8 tests to measure the performance and scalability of various Intel single- and dual-core processors. Six of these tests run a single application each. One test runs 2 multitasked applications in parallel and another test runs 4 multitasked applications simultaneously. We present the results of executing this benchmark's CPU test suite on high end Intel-based PC platforms with top of the line single processor and dual core processors, present the results of our profiling and hotspot analysis, shed some light on this test suite's prominent microarchitecture events and its active threads' distributions, and characterize this suite's workload. These results help in understanding the performance characteristics of this popular benchmark and in guiding future processor design enhancements.
An analytical performance model of MapReduce

MapReduce is a distributed computing framework. Its application in distributed systems is a rapidly emerging field. Although this framework can leverage clusters to improve computing performance, tuning it is still challenging. Most current works related to MapReduce performance are based on system monitoring and simulation, and lack analytical performance models. In this paper, we propose a simple and general MapReduce performance model for better understanding the impact of each component on overall program performance, and verify it in a small cluster. The results indicate that our model can predict the performance of MapReduce system and its relation to the configuration. According to our model, performance can be improved significantly by modifying Map split granularity and number of reducers without modifying the framework. The model also points out potential bottlenecks of the framework and future improvement for better performance.
Body Shape and Life Style of the Extinct Balearic Dormouse Hypnomys (Rodentia, Gliridae): New Evidence from the Study of Associated Skeletons

Hypnomys is a genus of Gliridae (Rodentia) that occurred in the Balearic Islands until Late Holocene. Recent finding of a complete skeleton of the chronospecies H. morpheus (Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene) and two articulated skeletons of H. cf. onicensis (Late Pliocene) allowed the inference of body size and the calculation of several postcranial indexes. We also performed a Factorial Discriminant Analysis (FDA) in order to evaluate locomotory behaviour and body shape of the taxa. Using allometric models based on skull and tooth measurements, we calculated a body weight between 173 and 284 g for H. morpheus, and direct measurements of articulated skeletons yielded a Head and Body Length (HBL) of 179 mm and a Total Body Length of 295 mm for this species. In addition to the generally higher robustness of postcranial bones already recorded by previous authors, H. morpheus, similar to Canariomys tamarani, another extinct island species, displayed elongated zygopodium bones of the limbs and a wider distal humerus and femur than in an extant related taxon, Eliomys quercinus. Indexes indicated that Hypnomys was more terrestrial and had greater fossorial abilities than E. quercinus. This was also corroborated by a Discriminant Analysis, although no clear additional inference of locomotory abilities could be calculated.
An EG-LDPC Based 2-Dimensional Error Correcting Code for Mitigating MBUs of SRAM Memories

In this paper, a 2-D error correction code architecture based on EG-LDPC and single parity check (SPC) code is proposed as a solution to MBU problem of SRAM memories. EG-LDPC codes have better multiple error correction and detection capabilities than conventional codes and they have low complexity decoders. Therefore, they are suitable for fault tolerant memory applications. The proposed architecture uses (15, 7, 5) EG-LDPC as row encoding and SPC code for column encoding. In order to minimize decoding complexity of 2D structure, a standard array decoder is utilized. The investigated architecture is compared with previously proposed Matrix code method. The proposed architecture is able provide over 95% error correction coverage up to 4 errors and a significant 100% error detection up to 12 bit errors. In terms of MTTFs, the proposed approach achieves 63% improvement over Matrix codes at fault rates of 10-4 and 10-5. Matrix codes and the proposed architecture are implemented using Xilinx XC6SLX16 FPGA and comparison results in term of implementation complexity are provided.
Examining long-run relationships between Australian beef prices

Cointegration and impulse response analyses are used to investigate the short‐run and long‐run dynamics of the Australian beef market. The aim of this study is to determine whether long‐run relationships existed between Australian beef prices at the farm, wholesale and retail levels. Based on monthly data from 1971 to 1994, the results show that all three prices considered are cointegrated. Furthermore, the wholesale price is found to be weakly exogenous. The latter result might be an indication of market inefficiency due in part to price levelling often practised in the beef marketing system.
Development of a Real-Time Monitor for Satellite Anomalous Clock and Orbit Errors

NALLURI, RAMBABU, M.S., June 2010, Electrical Engineering Development of a Real-Time Monitor for Satellite Anomalous Clock and Orbit Errors (60 pp.) Director of Thesis: Frank van Graas The thesis focuses on the development of a real-time software monitor to detect anomalous Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite clock and orbit errors for any one of the satellites in view. The monitor not only detects the anomaly, but also identifies the satellite and quantifies the magnitude of the anomaly to alert the users of the system. Different methods based on the pseudorange residual are used to detect the anomaly and to identify the satellite. Both differenced pseudorange residual and subset formation method are used. In addition, accumulated Doppler range residuals were used to characterize the error growth over time. All methods used were verified using precise orbits and clock products. Detection threshold values are calculated based on error statistics for pseudorange and ADR measurements. Approved: _____________________________________________________________ Frank van Graas Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Optimal Environmental Taxation in the Presence of Other Taxes: General Equilibrium Analyses

This paper examines the optimal setting of environmental taxes in economies where other, distortionary taxes are present. We employ analytical and numerical models to explore the degree to which, in a second best economy, optimal environmental tax rates differ from the rates implied by the Pigovian principle (according to which the optimal tax rate equals the marginal environmental damages). Both models indicate, contrary to what several analysts have suggested, that the optimal tax rate on emissions of a given pollutant is generally less than the rate supported by the Pigovian principle. Moreover, the optimal rate is lower the larger are the distortions posed by ordinary taxes. Numerical results indicate that previous studies may have seriously overstated the size of the optimal carbon tax by disregarding pre-existing taxes.
Novel intra‐arterial strategies in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke

The authors of this article make bold claims. First, that 24-h access to stroke neurologists and interventional neuroradiologists reduce death and dependence for patients with acute ischaemic stroke compared with conventional care. No reference is provided. Of note, the earlier reference did not investigate the value of thrombolysis or the use of interventional neuroradiologists. Second, they claim that i.v. thrombolysis is effective for acute ischaemic stroke if given within 3 h of stroke and is considered the ‘standard of care’, quoting the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study from 1995. In fact treatment in this trial was given within 6 h of stroke onset, and even the authors of that trial concluded that ‘intravenous thrombolysis cannot currently be recommended for use in an unselected population of acute ischemic stroke patients’. Finally, they suggest that there is a ‘conventional i.v. intra-arterial (IA) therapy’, yet their own cases show a wide variety of treatments, including one case where neither i.v. nor IA treatment seems to have been given before the use of endovascular techniques. Although the authors should be congratulated in using conventional endovascular techniques to possibly improve patient outcome, their enthusiasm seems to have run ahead of the evidence they provide. Thrombolytic therapy for selected patients enrolled in high-quality trials at experienced centre seems justified; however, evidence-based recommendations, such as those from the latest Cochrane Reviews, conclude that the data do not support the widespread use of thrombolytic therapy in routine clinical practice at this time and that the optimum criteria to identify the patients most likely to benefit and least likely to be harmed, the latest time window, the agent, dose and route of administration are all not clear. 528 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Exploratory study of flow domains arising from detonation waves induced in a wedged channel

Abstract. Detonation of the flow of a combustible mixture over a wedged channel is numerically simulated. A two-dimensional, time accurate, finite-volume-based method is used to perform the computations, and a five-species, two-step chemical reaction is assumed for a stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture. The combustion channel is made of a wedged section followed by a constant area section. The simulation was performed with wedges of up to 20 deg half-angle and Mach numbers from 2 to 6.5, with other inflow parameters fixed. Different types of flow domains arise depending on the wedge angle and the incoming Mach number. Propagating and standing detonation wave modes were found, both of which can be further subdivided depending on where the detonation is initiated. Moreover, a case without combustion discovered for a narrow range of Mach numbers for the 5 deg wedge.
1 EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES FROM THE RESERVOIRS OF HYDROELECTRIC DAMS : IMPLICATIONS OF A POWER LAW .

Hydroelectric dams emit greenhouse gases, especially methane (CH4), which is produced by decomposition of organic matter under anoxic conditions at the bottom of the reservoirs. A part of this gas is released by bubbling and diffusion through the surface of the reservoir, and part from the water that passes through the turbines and spillways. The portion of the emission that occurs through the reservoir surface has been calculated in estimates by the Brazilian government agency responsible for energy planning. The official calculation used a power law that resulted in an estimate of CH4 76% lower than a corrected “basic” mean that represents the arithmetic mean of the measurements that served as the basis of the calculation. Expressed in comparison to the official value, the approximation of the arithmetic mean is 320% higher. We show that the adjustment that was applied in the official estimates was based on several mathematical errors, and that the real value should be higher, rather than lower, than the arithmetic mean. We compared various possible methods for generating a “corrected” estimate, all with results far above the official values. A best method was identified that indicates a reservoir-surface emission 345% higher than the official value. For Brazil’s 33×10 km of reservoirs, the total impact of the underestimate of surface emissions of CH4 is almost as large as the emission produced by burning fossil fuels in greater São Paulo, while the total emission of the reservoir surfaces surpasses the emission of this city. Emissions from the water that passes through the turbines and spillways represent an additional impact on global warming. Key-words: Brazil, Carbon, Dams, Global warming, Greenhouse effect, Methane.
How children understand concurrent comics: experiences from LOFI and HIFI prototypes

In a study of how ten to eleven year old children understand program representations based on comic strips, it turned out that narrative interpretations were more common when using a low fidelity paper prototype than when using a high fidelity computer prototype. One explanation for this is that a computer prototype "sets the rules" to a much greater extent than a paper prototype, thus narrowing the set of plausible interpretations.
Screening and optimization of indole 3 acetic acid producing non-heterocystous cyanobacteria isolated from saline soil

Cyanobacteria are diverse group of oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes. Indole 3 acetic acid is one of the major phytohormones for plant growth. To explore the Indole 3 Acetic Acid (IAA) production by cyanobacteria from saline soil 11 non-heterocystous cyanobacteria isolated from saline soil of Baramati region of Maharashtra. These isolates were evaluated for production of Indole-3-acetic acid in the presence of L-tryptophan. Out of 11 isolates, 9 isolates were able to produce IAA. Productivity of IAA was detected spectrophotometrically. IAA production of isolated cyanobacteria was evaluated in different pH, light photoperiods and various concentration of L-tryptophan, salt and nutrients. During 3 week incubation period TCC-1, TCC-4 and TCC-5 were producing higher amount of IAA (10.65μg/ml). TCC-1 and TCC-4 were found to produce higher amount (10.65μg/ml) of IAA in presence of 500,750 & 1000μg/ml of L-tryptophan concentrations. At pH 8, TCC-1 isolate was producing high amount (9.97μg/ml) of IAA. In the presence of light (24:00, L: D) conditions TCC-4 produces higher amount (9.42μg/ml) of IAA. In the presence of 200 mM and 400mM concentration of NaCl TCC-1, TCC-3 and TCC-4 produces IAA in higher amount respectively. Isolate TCC-5 was produces higher amount of IAA in presence and in absence of NaNO3. TCC-1, TCC-4 and TCC-5 cyanobacterial isolates were producing higher amount of IAA in optimized conditions.
E-government Interoperability , Infrastructure and Architecture : State-ofthe-art and Challenges

Since the late nineties, most countries have released their e-government strategies and defined various approaches resulting in significant progress at all levels of public administration. Despite the progress, the level of ambition was higher which has resulted in disappointments. One of the causes of the limited progress is that many e-government efforts are confronted with a lack of interoperability and integration of systems and the need to develop or expand the infrastructure. Creating interoperability and integration is a complex endeavor [23], [28]. Service provisioning in networks is likely to fail if the systems of the public agencies are not properly integrated. The integration of systems and activities extends to greater collaboration and integration between agencies [14] and can provide substantial benefits [8]. Infrastructures provide a platform and functions as a vehicle for creating e-government [10]. Infrastructures provide not only the secure and reliable connectivity, but also more and more functions are embedded in the infrastructures which are shared by many organizations and can be used to build an online presence [10].
preeclampsia in overweight women

Background: Preeclampsia is a common and heterogeneous vascular syndrome of pregnancy. Its genetic risk profile is yet unknown and may vary between individuals and populations. The rs4606 3′ UTR polymorphism of the Regulator of G-protein signaling 2 gene (RGS2) in the mother has been implicated in preeclampsia as well as in the development of chronic hypertension after preeclampsia. The RGS2 protein acts as an inhibitor of physiological vasoconstrictive pathways, and a low RGS2 level is associated with hypertension and obesity, two conditions that predispose to preeclampsia. We genotyped the rs4606 polymorphism in 1339 preeclamptic patients and in 697 controls from the Finnish Genetics of Preeclampsia Consortium (FINNPEC) cohort to study the association of the variant with preeclampsia. Results: No association between rs4606 and preeclampsia was detected in the analysis including all women. However, the polymorphism was associated with preeclampsia in a subgroup of overweight women (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m, and < 30 kg/m) (dominant model; odds ratio, 1.64; 95 % confidence interval, 1.10–2.42). Conclusions: Our results suggest that RGS2 might be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia particularly in overweight women and contribute to their increased risk for hypertension and other types of cardiovascular disease later in life.
The Behavior of Taiwanese Consumer Loan, Deposit Rates and Consumer Loan Premium in Post 1997 Asian Financial Crisis

Asymmetries in the Taiwanese consumer loan-deposit rate spread (consumer loan premium) were documented. Empirical results revealed that the consumer loan premium adjusts to the threshold faster when the deposit rates fall relative to the lending rates than when the deposit rates move in the opposite direction. This competitive rate setting behavior is consistent within the observed Taiwanese lending institutions, operating in a deregulated and liberated, competitive market over the post Asian financial crisis of 1997. Empirical results also revealed Granger causality from the deposit rate to the consumer loan rate indicating that the consumer loan rate is influenced by the 1-month deposit rate. This finding suggests that the Taiwan countercyclical monetary policy does matter in the short run.
On Coreference and The Semantic Web

Much of the Semantic Web relies upon open and unhindered interoperability between diverse systems; the successful convergence of multiple ontologies and referencing schemes is key. However, this is hampered by the difficult problem of coreference, which is the occurrence of multiple or inconsistent identifiers for a single resource. This paper investigates the origins of this phenomenon and how it is resolved in other fields. With this in mind, we have developed and tested an effective methodology for coreference resolution in the Semantic Web at large. This framework allows the user to a) record identified instances of coreference in a usable and retrievable manner b) integrate new and existing systems for reference management, and c) provide a thesaurus-like consistent reference service capable of providing on-tap resolutions to interested applications.