Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of retinal nerve fiber layer measurement by StratusOCT and GDx VCC, II: structure/function regression analysis in glaucoma.

PURPOSE To evaluate the structure/function relationship between visual field sensitivity and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by StratusOCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA) and GDx VCC (Laser Diagnostic Technologies, Inc., San Diego, CA). METHODS Eighty-nine subjects (27 who had healthy eyes, 21 who were glaucoma suspect, 41 who had glaucoma) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. RNFL thickness was measured using the StratusOCT and the GDx VCC, and visual field (VF) was examined using the Humphrey VF analyzer. The relationship between RNFL thickness and VF sensitivity-expressed in terms of mean deviation (MD) in decibel (dB) scale, unlogged 1/lambert (L), and Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) and Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS) VF scores-were evaluated with linear and nonlinear regression models. Coefficient of determination (R(2)) was calculated, and regression models were compared using the Akaike information criterion and the F test. RESULTS In plotting MD against RNFL thickness, curvilinear regression models demonstrated the best fit, whereas linear regression attained the best associations when VF sensitivity was expressed in 1/L. However, when healthy subjects were excluded from the analyses, the second-order polynomial was better than linear regression in describing the relation between 1/L and GDx VCC-measured RNFL thickness. Regression profiles between AGIS/CIGTS VF scores and RNFL thickness were best described in the linear and the first-order inverse models for GDx VCC and StratusOCT RNFL measurements, respectively. In general, StratusOCT RNFL measurements achieved higher associations with visual function in all the respective regression analyses than did GDx VCC. CONCLUSIONS Description of structure/function relationships in glaucoma depends on the choice of perimetry scale, the type of RNFL measuring device, and the characteristics of the studied groups. The higher association with visual function in StratusOCT RNFL measurements compared with that in GDx VCC suggested optical coherence tomography might be a better approach for evaluating structure/function relationships. Curvilinear regression profiles found between StratusOCT RNFL thickness and MD/VF scores provide an explanation for those longitudinal observations, showing that VFs with higher AGIS/CIGTS VF scores or worse MD at baseline are at higher risk for deterioration. Regression analysis of the structure/function profile could provide important information in the assessment of the trend and pattern of glaucoma progression.
An Approach to On-Road Vehicle Detection, Description and Tracking

We present an approach to detecting independently moving objects (IMOs) in stereo video sequences acquired by onboard cameras on a moving vehicle. The proposed approach is based on the processing of two independent information streams: an independent motion detection stream and an object recognition stream. Fusion of these streams outputs allows our system to segment IMOs, track them, and even estimate some of their properties.
Learning Motor Skills with Rewarding Feedback and Variability

4 Introduction . 5 Methods. 6 Participants . 6 Materials . 7 Procedure . 9 The Maze Drawing Task . 9 Results . 13 Baseline . 13 Training . 14 Learning and Retention . 15 Personality Traits . 18 Discussion . 19 Acknowledgement . 24 References . 24 LEARNING WITH REWARD AND VARIABILITY 4
Research on Android Vulnerability Mining Technology Based on Control Flow Analysis

Android is widely used in mobile terminals and has serious safety problems. It is important to improve the mobile safety and protect users' privacy, so people need to find the vulnerabilities of Android system and fix them. This paper summarizes the widely-used Android vulnerability mining technologies and writes scripts using Coccinelle tool. In this way, we can find the inappropriate usage of pointer in multiple Android Version.
An Uplink Capacity Analysis of the Distributed Antenna System (DAS): From Cellular DAS to DAS with Virtual Cells

Performance of cellular networks is severely limited by intense inter-cell interference due to aggressive frequency reuse among cells. How to characterize the dependency of inter-cell interference on positions of BS antennas and users is a key question for the capacity analysis of cellular systems, which unfortunately remains elusive. In this paper, a comparative study on the uplink ergodic sum capacity of cellular systems is presented, where Lc BS antennas are either co-located at the cell center or uniformly distributed within each cell. With a large number of users, the inter-cell interference density is shown to be inversely proportional to Lc if the co-located antenna (CA) layout is adopted. With the distributed antenna (DA) layout, it scales in the order of Lc-α/2, where α is the path-loss factor, and is much lower than that in the CA case when Lc is large. Substantial gains on the uplink sum capacity are achieved by the DA layout thanks to the reduction of inter-cell interference level. The analysis also reveals that the inter-cell interference density of each BS antenna is sensitive to its position. With the DA layout, BS antennas at cell boundary areas suffer from much higher inter-cell interference than those at the cell center, which may exacerbate the performance disparity of users in cellular systems. To tackle the cell-edge problem, a distributed antenna system (DAS) is further considered, where L BS antennas are distributed over a wide area, and each user chooses V ≪ L surrounding BS antennas as its virtual cell, i.e., its own serving BS antenna set. A uniform inter-cell interference density is shown to be achieved thanks to the adaptive formation of virtual cells. More importantly, by the use of virtual cell, the number of users served by each BS antenna decreases with an increasing L, implying that much of the signal processing and information exchange can be performed in a local and distributed way. The uplink ergodic sum capacity and the ergodic rate with orthogonal access of DASs with V=1 are further derived, and shown to be close to each other even with a large L. It is in sharp contrast to cellular systems where a significant tradeoff between performance and complexity has to be made when the number of BS antennas is large.
MRL mice fail to heal the heart in response to ischemia‐reperfusion injury

The MRL/MpJ mouse strain has been reported to recover after right ventricular cryoinjury without scar formation or evidence of ventricular dysfunction, suggesting that this mouse strain harbors genetic traits that confer the capacity for adult myocardium to regenerate. We therefore sought to assess the capacity of adult MRL myocardium to regenerate in a left ventricular ischemia‐reperfusion model of myocardial infarction, which more closely recapitulates injury that occurs in human disease. MRL (n = 13) and control C57/Bl6 (n = 12) mice underwent transient occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 10 weeks, MRL and C57Bl/6 mice were euthanized and the extent of infarcted myocardium quantified with (2,3,5)‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride and trichrome staining. There was no evidence of resistance to cardiac injury or of reduced scar formation in the MRL mice compared to C57/Bl6 controls. Myocardial infarct size (percentage of total heart weight ± SEM) did not significantly differ between MRL and C57/Bl6 controls (18.9 ± 1.8% for MRL vs. 15.7 + 1.3% for C57/Bl6, p = 0.20). Thickness of the infarcted anterior LV wall at the mid‐papillary level normalized to body weight was not significantly different between the two groups (0.017 + 0.003 mm/mg for MRL and 0.017 + 0.002 mm/mg for C57/BL6, p = 0.91). Trichrome staining showed intense scar formation in both C57/BL6 and MRL hearts. We conclude that there appears to be no effect of the MRL genetic background on resistance to myocardial infarction in mice.
The use of Charlson comorbidity index for patients revisiting the emergency department within 72 hours.

BACKGROUND To validate the use of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) for predicting admission of patients revisiting the Emergency Department (ED) within 72 hours. METHODS Non-trauma patients aged above 17 years old who revisited an urban ED within 72 hours during January of 2004 were included in this retrospective observational study. Demographic data, diagnosis, CCI, in-hospital mortality rate and length of hospital stay were reviewed, and comparisons were made between the patients who were admitted or discharged on their return visits. RESULTS Of the 168 enrolled patients, 60 were admitted to a ward and 108 were discharged. Revisiting patients with high CCIs (> or = 2) had a higher admission rate (67.3% vs. 22.7%; p < 0.001) and an increased adjusted odds ratio of admission (odds ratio (OR) 2.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-3.75) than low CCI patients. Admitted revisiting patients with high CCIs had poorer prognoses, longer hospital stays (11.79 +/- 8.92 days vs. 6.78 +/- 5.17 days; p < 0.05) and a higher in-hospital mortality rate (15.2% vs. 3.7%; p = 0.209). CONCLUSION CCI was well correlated with the admission possibility of patients revisiting the ED within 72 hours. More clinical management and discharge strategies should target those revisiting patients who have more comorbidities.
Exploring the acquisition and production of grammatical constructions through human-robot interaction with echo state networks

One of the principal functions of human language is to allow people to coordinate joint action. This includes the description of events, requests for action, and their organization in time. A crucial component of language acquisition is learning the grammatical structures that allow the expression of such complex meaning related to physical events. The current research investigates the learning of grammatical constructions and their temporal organization in the context of human-robot physical interaction with the embodied sensorimotor humanoid platform, the iCub. We demonstrate three noteworthy phenomena. First, a recurrent network model is used in conjunction with this robotic platform to learn the mappings between grammatical forms and predicate-argument representations of meanings related to events, and the robot's execution of these events in time. Second, this learning mechanism functions in the inverse sense, i.e., in a language production mode, where rather than executing commanded actions, the robot will describe the results of human generated actions. Finally, we collect data from naïve subjects who interact with the robot via spoken language, and demonstrate significant learning and generalization results. This allows us to conclude that such a neural language learning system not only helps to characterize and understand some aspects of human language acquisition, but also that it can be useful in adaptive human-robot interaction.
Classroom Usage and Other Downloads: An Impact Measure for Authors

For each of the past few years I have evaluated the most frequently downloaded articles published in this journal in the prior calendar year. Both recent articles and classic articles regularly receive attention. Many times this may be from scholars looking to publish new research, but I suspect that the heaviest portion of users may be students who are assigned to either write papers for classes or to read material in preparation for classes. Because of this, interest in citations among academics tells one part of an article’s impact, and Mass Communication and Society ranked 30th among communication journals in that metric in 2012. But a different kind of impact of individual articles is indicated by analyzing how often an article is downloaded. Taylor & Francis, this journal’s publisher, began their own article access service a couple of years ago. While others download articles through library subscriptions to article databases like EBSCO, that database does not include the most recent articles due to a one year embargo on availability. So I use the Taylor & Francis numbers to try to represent the most current article interest. Focusing on just the top 20 articles downloaded between 1689 times for the top article and 498 for article number 20 revealed continued interest in annual popular topics. Last year’s political elections in the United States certainly fueled interest in political articles (Perry, 2012), and plenty of those are again in the list. Kushin and Yamamoto’s (2010) article topped those at number 2 with their exploration of social media use in the 2008 election. That article was part of the special issue on ‘‘The Facebook Election’’ and companion articles from the same special issue also made the list (at number 14 – Hanson, Haridakis, Cunningham, Sharma, & Ponder, 2010; at number 16 – Johnson & Perlmutter, 2010; at number 4 – Woolley, Limperos, & Oliver, 2010). Another politically themed article came in at number 17. Namkoong, Fung and Scheufele’s (2012) analysis of the role of emotion on mediating Mass Communication and Society, 16:613–616, 2013 Copyright # Mass Communication & Society Division of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication ISSN: 1520-5436 print=1532-7825 online DOI: 10.1080/15205436.2013. 836412
Crystal structure of mer-tris{2,6-difluoro-3-[5-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl-κN]pyridin-4-yl-κC 4}iridium(III) dichloromethane hemisolvate n-hexane hemisolvate

Iridium(III) complexes based on 2,3′-bipyridine ligands are known to exhibit strong emission from blue to green that makes them of interest for organic light-emitting diodes and organic lighting uses. In the title compound, the IrIII ion adopts a distorted octahedral coordination environment defined by three C,N-chelating 2,6-difluoro-3-[5-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl]pyridin-4-yl ligands in a meridional manner. In the crystal, intermolecular C—H⋯F and C—H⋯π hydrogen bonds, as well as intermolecular C—F⋯π interactions, are present, leading to a two-dimensional network.
Evaluation of Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Neonate Preferences for Corn and Weeds in Corn

Abstract Choice tests were conducted to determine feeding preferences of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), neonates for 15 species of plants. Percentage of neonates accepting (found on) each leaf disc after 24 h was measured using choice tests. Initially, nine species of plants were evaluated. The following year, 10 plant species were evaluated during O. nubilalis first generation and 11 species during the second generation. Pennsylvania smartweed, Polygonum pennsylvanicum (L.), had the highest percentage of neonates accepting leaf discs in both years. Other plants with high acceptance rates included swamp smartweed, Polygonum amphibium L. ; velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus; cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. ; and yellow foxtail, Setaria glauca (L.). Corn, Zea mays L. , consistently had low percentages of neonates accepting leaf discs along with common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer. Implications these results may have on O. nubilalis host plant selection in central Iowa’s corn dominated landscape are considered.
Mechanism-Based Modeling of the Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Alphaxalone and Midazolam in Rats

The objective of the present investigation was to characterize the pharmacodynamic interaction between the synthetic neuroactive steroid alphaxalone and the benzodiazepine midazolam. The time course of the electroencephalographic (EEG) effect (11.5-30 Hz) was determined in rats in conjunction with plasma concentrations. Alphaxalone was administered as a continuous intravenous infusion of 0, 1.2, 2.2, or 5.2 mg over 360 min. Midazolam was administered as a 5-min intravenous bolus infusion of 4 mg·kg-1. The pharmacokinetic profiles of both drugs were described by a two-compartment model. No pharmacokinetic interaction was observed. The EEG effect versus time profiles of midazolam and alphaxalone, when administered separately and in combination, were modeled on the basis of the recently proposed mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for GABAA receptor modulators, which contains separate expressions to describe the drug-receptor interaction and the stimulus-response relationship. The pharmacodynamic interaction between alphaxalone and midazolam was best characterized using an independent drug-drug interaction model without an expression for allosteric modulation of the effect of midazolam by alphaxalone. The final model contained an exponential expression to account for acute functional adaptation to the EEG effect upon continuous infusion of alphaxalone. The mechanism-based analysis showed that this functional adaptation is best explained by a change in the system-specific stimulus-response relationship, rather than the drug-receptor activation process. It is concluded that the pharmacodynamic interaction between alphaxalone and midazolam in vivo is best described using an independent interaction model without allosteric modulation.
Membrane receptor location defines receptor interaction with signaling proteins in a polarized epithelium

Amsler, Kurt, and Scott K. Kuwada. Membrane receptor location defines receptor interaction with signaling proteins in a polarized epithelium. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Cell Physiol. 45): C91–C101, 1999. —Signal transduction from receptors is mediated by the interaction of activated receptors with proximate downstream signaling proteins. In polarized epithelial cells, the membrane is divided into subdomains: the apical and basolateral membranes. Membrane receptors may be present in one or both subdomains. Using a combination of immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses, we tested the hypothesis that a tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), interacts with distinct signaling proteins when present at the apical vs. basolateral membrane of a polarized renal epithelial cell. We report here that tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-g (PLC-g) was induced only when basolateral EGFR was activated. In contrast, tyrosine phosphorylation of several other signaling proteins was increased by activation of receptor at either surface. All signaling proteins were distributed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm; however, PLC-g protein also displayed a concentration at lateral cell borders. These results demonstrate that in polarized epithelial cells the array of signaling pathways initiated by activation of a membrane receptor is defined, at least in part, by the membrane location of the receptor.
Building and refining a knowledge base for synthetic organic chemistry via the methodology of inductive and deductive machine learning

The Stony Brook SYNCHEM system is a large knowledge-based domain-specific heuristic problem-solving program that is able to find valid synthesis routes for organic molecules of substantial interest and complexity without online guidance on the part of its user. In common with many such AI performance programs, SYNCHEM requires a substantial knowledge base to make it routinely useful, but as the designers of most of these programs have discovered, it is vcry difficult to engage domain experts to the long-term dedication and intensity of commitment ncccssary to create a production-quality knowledge base. ISOLDE and TRISTAN are machine learning programs that use large computer-readable databases of specific reaction instances as a source of training examples for algorithms designed to extract the underlying reaction schemata via inductive and deductive generalization. ISOLDE learns principally by inductive generalization, while TRISTAN makes use of a methodology that is primarily deductive, and which is usually dcscribed as explanation-basrd Irarning. Since the individual reaction entries in most computer-rcadable databases are often haphazardly sorted and classified, a taxonomy program called BRANGANE has been written to partition the input databases into coherent reaction classes using the tncthodology of conceptual clustering.
QTLeap WSD/NED Corpora: Semantic Annotation of Parallel Corpora in Six Languages

This work presents parallel corpora automatically annotated with several NLP tools, including lemma and part-of-speech tagging, named-entity recognition and classification, named-entity disambiguation, word-sense disambiguation, and coreference. The corpora comprise both the well-known Europarl corpus and a domain-specific question-answer troubleshooting corpus on the IT domain. English is common in all parallel corpora, with translations in five languages, namely, Basque, Bulgarian, Czech, Portuguese and Spanish. We describe the annotated corpora and the tools used for annotation, as well as annotation statistics for each language. These new resources are freely available and will help research on semantic processing for machine translation and cross-lingual transfer.
Knowledge management, organizational memory & organizational learning cluster

Knowledge Management (KM) addresses the process of acquiring, creating, distributing and using knowledge in organizations. Organizational Memory (OM) can be defined as the way an organization stores organizational knowledge and applies it to present activities. Organizational Learning (OL) is the development of shared meanings and interpretations of those meanings to enhance future activities. The first mini-track on OM initiated by Lorne Oflman and Joline Morrison eleven years ago has now grown to include KM and OL. This year we have evolved to a research cluster with four separate mini-tracks. The research cluster maintains the integrity and continuity in the mini-track community while continuing to grow the number of papers accepted in the research domain. The cluster also preserves the strong community developed over the last eleven years. An additional change this year is the migration from our roots in Digital Documents to the Organizational Systems track. We would like to thank Mike Shepherd for his past help and assistance and Hugh Watson for helping the cluster come to fruition and retain it popularity.
Microbial infections in eight genomic subtypes of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis

Background The authors have previously reported genomic subtypes of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) based on expression of 88 human genes. Aim To attempt to reproduce these findings, determine the specificity of this signature to CFS/ME, and test for associations between CFS/ME subtype and infection. Methods Expression levels of 88 human genes were determined in blood of 62 new patients with idiopathic CFS/ME (according to Fukuda criteria), six patients with Q-fever-associated CFS/ME from the Birmingham Q-fever outbreak (according to Fukuda criteria), 14 patients with endogenous depression (according to DSM-IV criteria) and 29 normal blood donors. Results In patients with CFS/ME, differential expression was confirmed for all 88 genes. Q-CFS/ME had similar patterns of gene expression to idiopathic CFS/ME. Gene expression in patients with endogenous depression was similar to that in the normal controls, except for upregulation of five genes (APP, CREBBP, GNAS, PDCD2 and PDCD6). Clustering of combined gene data in CFS/ME patients for this and the authors' previous study (117 CFS/ME patients) revealed genomic subtypes with distinct differences in SF36 scores, clinical phenotypes, severity and geographical distribution. Antibody testing for Epstein–Barr virus, enterovirus, Coxiella burnetii and parvovirus B19 revealed evidence of subtype-specific relationships for Epstein–Barr virus and enterovirus, the two most common infectious triggers of CFS/ME. Conclusions This study confirms the involvement of these genes in CFS/ME.