Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inverse estimates of anthropogenic CO2 uptake, transport, and storage by the ocean

Regional air‐sea fluxes of anthropogenic CO2 are estimated using a Green's function inversion method that combines data‐based estimates of anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean with information about ocean transport and mixing from a suite of Ocean General Circulation Models (OGCMs). In order to quantify the uncertainty associated with the estimated fluxes owing to modeled transport and errors in the data, we employ 10 OGCMs and three scenarios representing biases in the data‐based anthropogenic CO2 estimates. On the basis of the prescribed anthropogenic CO2 storage, we find a global uptake of 2.2 ± 0.25 Pg C yr−1, scaled to 1995. This error estimate represents the standard deviation of the models weighted by a CFC‐based model skill score, which reduces the error range and emphasizes those models that have been shown to reproduce observed tracer concentrations most accurately. The greatest anthropogenic CO2 uptake occurs in the Southern Ocean and in the tropics. The flux estimates imply vigorous northward transport in the Southern Hemisphere, northward cross‐equatorial transport, and equatorward transport at high northern latitudes. Compared with forward simulations, we find substantially more uptake in the Southern Ocean, less uptake in the Pacific Ocean, and less global uptake. The large‐scale spatial pattern of the estimated flux is generally insensitive to possible biases in the data and the models employed. However, the global uptake scales approximately linearly with changes in the global anthropogenic CO2 inventory. Considerable uncertainties remain in some regions, particularly the Southern Ocean.
How do females make sense of their experiences of being involved in gang activity

Female gang involvement continues to be a largely under researched topic, particularly within the UK and understandings are often based on the perspectives of male participants. Furthermore, media discourses continue to be individualistic and blaming, and often fail to consider the impact of the wider context on a person’s experiences. Taking a critical realist – social constructionist epistemological position, this research aims to contribute to the understanding of female gang involvement. This study recruited four young women who had previous experiences of gang involvement. Participants were interviewed about their experiences of gang involvement, factors that influenced them to become involved and what helped them transition out of a gang. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was carried out and four super-ordinate themes were identified, which were: getting involved; ‘the circle of life’, getting involved; ‘survival, being involved; ‘a double edged sword’, getting out and staying out. The findings of this study suggest that growing up around gangs and a failure to have needs met influence young women to become involved in gangs. Experiences of being involved were framed as a ‘double-edged sword’, as the participants described both positive and negative experiences. Although some experiences of gang involvement were experienced as being positive, the all or nothingness of gangs, sexism, and experiences of violence and betrayal within relationships, made it extremely difficult for these young women to survive, and thrive, within this context. These negative experiences lead them to question life within the gang. However, getting out was described as a complex process, particularly because of the permanency of gang involvement and adverse social contexts. The implications of this research, for clinical practice and future research, are outlined.
An experimental study on DBP and Hilbert filtering method for tomography reconstruction

This paper introduces a new accurate two-dimensional (2D) computer tomography reconstruction method, differentiated backprojection (DBP) and Hilbert filtering method. This method consists of two steps. First, form a backprojected image after taking the derivative of the parallel projection data. Second, apply Hilbert filtering along certain lines in the DBP image. Different from traditional filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm, region of interest (ROI) can be reconstructed from truncated projection data in certain situation with this new method. A modified method is also presented. We carry out these three methods: DBP and Hilbert filtering method, its modified method, and FBP algorithm. Simulation results are presented that illustrate similar reconstructed image quality using this new method compared to FBP algorithm, and that show the capability to accurately reconstruct ROI from truncated projections.
Parasitic-aware sizing and detailed routing for binary-weighted capacitors in charge-scaling DAC

Capacitor sizing is a crucial step when designing a charge-scaling digital-to-analog converter. Larger capacitor size can achieve better circuit accuracy and performance due to less impact from random, systematic, and parasitic mismatch. However, it also results in much larger chip area and even more power consumption. In addition to minimizing random and systematic mismatch during common-centroid capacitor placement, this paper presents the first problem formulation in the literature which simultaneously considers capacitor sizing and parasitic matching during common-centroid capacitor layout generation such that the power consumption is minimized while the circuit accuracy/performance is also satisfied. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve very significant chip area and power reductions compared with the state of the art.
In vitro biofilm activity of Candida species isolated from Anatolian buffaloes with mastitis in Western Turkey.

In the present study, identifi cation of 66 Candida isolates obtained from mastitic Anatolian buffalo quarter milk samples was achieved using the API 20 C AUX system. Among the isolates, the most common species were Candida krusei (27.3%), followed by Candida rugosa (16.7%), Candida kefyr (12.1%) and Candida tropicalis (10.6%). The other species were detected as Candida albicans (9.1%), Candida zeylanoides (6.1%), Candida parapsilosis (6.1%), Candida guilliermondii (4.5%), Candida famata (3.0%), Candida glabrata (3.0%) and Candida ciferrii (1.5%). A total of 53 (80.3%) Candida isolates produced the biofi lm. All C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii strains were determined as biofi lm positive. However, C. ciferrii did not produce any biofi lm. This is the fi rst study to investigate in vitro biofi lm activity of different Candida species isolated from Anatolian buffalo mastitic milk in Turkey. We consider that this study may be a helpful tool for future research into mastitis caused by Candida species.
A collaborative methodology between photography and performance in ethnographically informed research

Abstract This article starts from the discussions in Writing culture that provided a new perspective on ethnographic writing. The author acknowledges that there has been a proliferation of ‘sensory’ approaches in the social sciences and ethnography, and ‘ethnographic’ projects in the arts. The article explores some of the critiques that both perspectives (art and ethnography) received because of the blurred distinction between their respective methodologies and the privileging of experience over interpretation in their claims to ‘truth’. The author engages in this discussion by reconsidering the relationship between photography and ‘reality’ and repositions the role of the photographer-researcher as co-creator of ethnographic knowledge. By focusing on the study of a Danish micro-community in Argentina, she explores the possibilities and challenges of performative photography as a (collaborative) ethnographic methodology. The author discusses the critical and experimental possibilities of a performative photographic approach in ethnographically informed research, and reflects on a collaborative project that involved staged photography and dance.
Substance Use and Intimate Partner Violence: A Meta-Analytic Review

Objectives: This meta-analysis examines the strength of the link between substance use (e.g., alcohol use vs. drug use) and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization. Method: Data from 285 studies (yielding 983 effect sizes (ESs) and a combined sample size of 627,726) were analyzed using random effects. Moderator analyses compared the impact of overall substance abuse, alcohol use, and drug use on IPV perpetration and victimization for males and females. Results: Overall substance use, alcohol use, and drug use were significantly related to IPV perpetration and victimization, with mean ESs ranging from r = . 18 to . 23. Results indicate that drug use is a significantly stronger correlate with victimization, compared with alcohol use. Problematic alcohol use measures (i.e., abuse, dependence, and drinking problems) were significantly stronger correlates than consumption measures (e.g., alcohol use or frequency) for IPV victimization, but statistically similar for IPV perpetration. Problematic drug use measures were significantly stronger correlates with perpetration than drug consumption measures. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences between the impact of different drug types, and no significant difference between the impact of stimulants versus nonstimulants on IPV perpetration and victimization. Conclusions: This study provides the most comprehensive analysis of the link between substance use and IPV to date. Even if certain drugs are regarded as a lower health risk, clinicians are encouraged to evaluate the impact on their clients’ IPV. Future IPV researchers are encouraged to include specific drug types and frequencies of substance use.
Phrase frequency, proficiency and grammaticality interact in non-native processing: Implications for theories of SLA

This study reports on a self-paced reading experiment in which native and non-native speakers of English read sentences designed to evaluate the predictions of usage-based and rule-based approaches to second language acquisition (SLA). Critical stimuli were four-word sequences embedded into sentences in which phrase frequency and grammaticality were crossed in order to examine whether grammatical processing is modulated by phrase frequency. The magnitude of grammaticality effects for native speakers did not differ by phrase frequency, indicating that phrase frequency does not modulate native grammatical processing. Phrase frequency did, however, modulate the magnitude of non-native grammaticality effects. This modulating effect of phrase frequency on grammatical processing for non-native speakers depended on proficiency, showing a u-shaped change in the size of grammaticality effects relative to speaker proficiency. The overall pattern of change in grammaticality effects suggests a gradual developmental shift in grammatical processing from an initial reliance on phrase frequency to an eventual abstraction of generalizable rules from the linguistic input once sufficient experience has accumulated. Results suggest that second language (L2) grammatical development relies on a combination of both usage-based and rule-based knowledge and processing, rather than exclusive reliance on one or the other.
On the Complexity of Group Isomorphism

The group isomorphism problem consists in deciding whether two groups G and H given by their multiplication tables are isomorphic. An algorithm for group isomorphism attributed to Tarjan runs in time n, c.f. [Mil78]. Miller and Monk showed in [Mil79] that group isomorphism can be many-one reduced to isomorphism testing for directed graphs. For groups with n elements, the graphs have valence at least n. We introduce a different reduction for isomorphism testing, where the valence of the graphs, say X(G) and X(H), and the complexity of the isomorphism test is closely related to the structure of the groups. Let G be the class of groups having a composition series where composition factors of size at least logn/ log logn come before the others. The composition series isomorphism problem is given two composition series S for G and S′ for H, such that any subgroup of G according to S is mapped blockwise onto that of H according to S′. In the reduction onto graph isomorphism, we get graphs X(G,S) and X(H,S′). Then for p-groups we find such an isomorphism in time n and for the more general class of G-groups in time n logn/ log logn for a constant c. We analyze the time complexity for three isomorphism testing algorithms with respect to two parameters β, γ which depend on the group structure. With a combination of the algorithms we also can show that G-group isomorphism is in time n β+logn/ log , and p-group isomorphism is in time n β) with β, γ ≤ logp n. Most recently, D. Rosenbaum improves in [Ros12] these bounds to n logn+O(1) for p-groups and nilpotent groups, and to n logn+O(logn/ log logn) for solvable groups.
Consumption Inequality in Canada, 1997 to 2009

We assess the evolution of consumption inequality in Canada over the years 1997 to 2009. We correct the imputation of shelter consumption for homeowners to allow for unobserved differences in housing quality correlated with selection into rental tenure, and we account for measurement error in this imputation. Using the annual Survey of Household Spending for years 1997 to 2009, we find that household-level consumption inequality measured by the Gini coefficient increased from 0.251 to 0.275 over 1997 to 2006. Between 2006 and 2007, consumption inequality may have decreased, and over 2007 to 2009, consumption inequality was flat. Over the entire period of 1997 to 2009, consumption inequality increased moderately. The Gini coefficient for individual-level consumption inequality followed a similar pattern, though the changes were smaller in magnitude. We also explore a possible correction for tail non-response bias in inequality measurement and find that the increase in measured consumption inequality is robust to this correction.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) 2000 Consultants and Enterprise Resource Planning ( ERP ) Systems

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have been implemented in the majority of large companies in Europe and the US over the last five years [1]. This paper seeks to address three issues arising from this deployment. Firstly, to consider ERP systems in relation to previous approaches to deploying information systems in organisations. Secondly, to indicate how the mediation by consultants is of importance in the deployment of ERP systems. Thirdly, based on our analysis, to seek to predict future trends and issues in the use of information and communication technologies by organisations.
ContigBrowser : a pipeline for Propionibacterium genome analysis

During the last 10 years whole genome microbial sequencing became accessible not only for big institutes or industrial consortia but also for small academic research teams due to the decreasing costs of such projects. The need for fully operational and user-friendly open source genome annotation systems brings such research teams to develop their own systems. Here we present our system for analysis and annotation of unfinished bacterial genomes. ContigBrowser is based on a classical pipeline of analysis and a knowledge database dedicated to GCrich bacteria (Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii [1]). This study describes the genome analysis pipeline, its associated databases, and the web interface to browse data and results.
Global characteristics of the first IBIS/ISGRI catalogue sources: unveiling a murky episode of binary star evolution

INTEGRAL is the first gamma-ray astronomy mission with a sufficient sensitivity and angular resolution combination appropriate to the detection and identification of considerable numbers of gamma-ray emitting sources. The large field of view (∼30 ◦ zero response FWHM) enables INTEGRAL to survey the galactic plane on a regular (∼weekly) basis as part of the core programme. The first source catalogue, based on the 1st year of core programme data (∼5 Ms) has been completed and published (Bird et al. 2004, ApJ, 607, L33). It contained 123 γ-ray sources (24 HMXB, 54 LMXB, 28 “unknown”, plus 17 others) – sufficient numbers for a reasonable statistical analysis of their global properties. These were located to a positional accuracy of typically 0.72 arcmin. The detection of previously unknown γ-ray emitting sources generally exhibiting high intrinsic absorption, which do not have readily identifiable counterparts at other wavelengths, is intriguing. The substantial fraction (roughly 20% of the total number) of unclassified γ-ray sources suggests they must constitute a significant family of objects. In this paper we review the global characteristics of the known galactic sources as well as the unclassified objects with the twin aims of investigating how the unclassified set may fit into stellar evolution and improving our understanding of known X-ray binary systems through the non-thermal γ-ray channel. In the context of the known systems we are very conscious that they constitute a γ-ray selected set, and may exhibit subtle generic differences to the rest of the class. We present Log(N)–Log(S ) distributions, angular distributions, and for systems with reliable distance estimates the spatial distributions within the Galaxy and luminosity functions. For the unknown sources, this statistical analysis has shown that they are most likely to be HMXBs containing a highly magnetised neutron star. The lack of X-ray counterparts for these sources indicates a high degree of intrinsic obscuration.
Relationship among Eating Behavior, Effortful Control, and Personality Traits in Japanese Students: Cross-sectional Study

Purpose: Effortful control is the ability to inhibit a dominant response to perform instead a subdominant response. The Big Five personality traits have been widely used to describe personality in terms of five independent factors. In this study, we investigated the relationships among eating behavior, personality, and effortful control in Japanese university students. Methods: Participants were 576 Japanese university students (422 males and 154 females). Participants completed a questionnaire measuring effortful control, Big Five personality traits, and eating behaviors. Results: Restrained eating was positively associated with effortful control in both males and females whereas emotional eating and external eating were negatively associated with effortful control in both genders. Extraversion was positively associated with emotional eating and external eating, whereas other indicators of the Big Five personality traits were negatively associated with emotional eating and external eating. Conclusion: Our results indicate that eating behaviors are associated with both effortful control and the Big Five personality traits. However, the direction of the associations of effortful control and Big Five personality traits with restrained eating differed from the associations of effortful control and personality with emotional eating and external eating.
Challenges with Developing In Vitro Dissolution Tests for Orally Inhaled Products (OIPs)

The purpose of this article is to review the suitability of the analytical and statistical techniques that have thus far been developed to assess the dissolution behavior of particles in the respirable aerodynamic size range, as generated by orally inhaled products (OIPs) such as metered-dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers. The review encompasses all analytical techniques publicized to date, namely, those using paddle-over-disk USP 2 dissolution apparatus, flow-through cell dissolution apparatus, and diffusion cell apparatus. The available techniques may have research value for both industry and academia, especially when developing modified-release formulations. The choice of a method should be guided by the question(s) that the research strives to answer, as well as by the strengths and weaknesses of the available techniques. There is still insufficient knowledge, however, for translating the dissolution data into statements about quality, performance, safety, or efficacy of OIPs in general. Any attempts to standardize a dissolution method for compendial inclusion or compendial use would therefore be premature. This review reinforces and expands on the 2008 stimulus article of the USP Inhalation Ad Hoc Advisory Panel, which “could not find compelling evidence suggesting that such dissolution testing is kinetically and/or clinically crucial for currently approved inhalation drug products. ”
Development of an Evaluation Scale for Inter-Country Tourism Industry Competitiveness using the Delphi Technique and Analytic Hierarchy Process

Abstract This study aims to develop a model and a scale for evaluating the intercountry competitiveness of tourism destinations. Three-round Delphi surveys and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach were used to ensure research objectivity. In two rounds of the Delphi surveys, the questionnaire items were reduced from the initial 196 items to 139, and finally to 61. The relative importance of the items, key domains, and sub-domains were established through AHP analysis. Among the key domains, “sustainability management” and “demand” were perceived to have the highest relative importance. Among the items, “level of service quality” was found to show the highest relative weight.
The retrieval of the medical tongue images based on color analysis

Tongue diagnosis is one of the important topics in the field of Chinese traditional medicine (TCM), and color is the basic element of tongue image, it has important diagnostic value. This paper presents a novel approach to extract color feature of tongue images. First, we use iterative method to extract initial main color and initial number of main color, then we adopt GLA(Generalized Loyd Algorithm) algorithm to get the histogram of main color. Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the detection rate of lesion in tongue image relative to single feature retrieval.
Analysis of the cooperative thermal unfolding of the td intron of bacteriophage T4.

The thermal stability of folded transcripts of the td intron of bacteriophage T4 that carried up to three base substitutions was investigated by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) and UV melting. The unfolding of this autocatalytic group I intron is endothermic and entropically driven. Although the effects of mutations in base pairs follow in most cases the expected order G-C>A-U>G.U>A.C, the extent of global destabilization varies strongly according to the helix in which substitutions are located. Effects are more pronounced in the P7 helix which forms, together with the P3 helix, the central pseudoknot of group I introns. The stability of the tertiary fold was also monitored as a function of ionic concentration and of the nature of the ion. At low ionic strength, the stabilizing effect of divalent ions is independent of the nature of the ion. However, with increasing ionic concentration, stabilization is most pronounced for Mg2+and less for Mn2+with Ca2+having intermediate effects. Ammonium ions stabilize folding with a similar slope, but at concentrations about 400 times higher than divalent ions. The apparent enthalpic change associated with the tertiary structure thermal unfolding increases strongly with increasing concentrations of divalent ions. A similar increase is observed with the monovalent ammonium ions. However, in the presence of NH4+ions, the apparent enthalpy peaks at 2.0 M and decreases beyond.