Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties of the Lyman a clouds from non-equilibrium photoionization models

We investigate the thermal and ionization histories of Lyoc clouds photo ionized by a time-dependent UV background, including non-equilibrium effects. The results show that it is possible to obtain temperatures as low as T", 15 000 K (or, equivalently, Doppler parameters b ~ 15 km S-I) at z=3 for cloud total densities n '" 10-4 cm-3, if (i) the re-ionization epoch occurred at Zi'" 10, and (ii) the UV background has a factor of 70-100 decrease at the He II edge. A trend towards smaller b with increasing redshift is present in the redshift interval Z= 1-5. Higher densities lead to higher values of b and smaller hydrogen correction factors, nHU/nH,. The correction factors for helium are also given. For a hydrogen column density N H, =3 x 1014 cm-2, cloud sizes are larger than 100 kpc, consistent with recent observations of quasar pairs. Pressure-confined models, instead, yield implausibly low cloud densities at low redshift, and sizes that are too small at intermediate redshift. The implications of the model are confronted with the available observational data.
Foxinfo1.0: A Chinese Topic-Oriented Search Engine

Topic-oriented search engine (topic-search) is a new IR service which provides compounded types of information with certain user queried topic in one page. It firstly categorizes user query into a certain domain, and then organizes several types of information based on the query keywords into a magazine-style topic page for user. In this paper, we propose a Chinese topic-oriented search engine service, named as Foxinfo1.0, which provides a 360 degree view of the topic that interests the users who're seeking it. Different from the original topic-search which employs the keyword-based topic to retrieve and aggregate relevant information, Foxinfo1.0 could organize information from different abstraction level by employing tag to describe the topics of queries and information. Further, in order to predict tags from queries and web documents, a tag prediction algorithm named as CTAG is proposed, which could concern tags from different levels, and performs much better than the baseline method like AutoTag.
How do teachers interpret and transform entrepreneurship education?

ABSTRACT During the last decade, entrepreneurship education has become a central curricular topic in many locations in the world. In Sweden, entrepreneurship education was implemented in the curriculum for the first time in 2011, as something that should be included in all upper secondary school programmes. In this article, we focus on one of these programmes, the handicraft programme, investigating how entrepreneurship education is formulated in the latest curriculum and how teachers understand and transform such content in their teaching. Drawing on Bernstein’s concepts of classification and framing, we illustrate how entrepreneurship education in the Swedish curriculum has a ‘dual definition’, representing very different framing and classification, but still clearly belongs in a ‘market relevance’ discourse. This is expressed through the way in which the concept is transformed by teachers in their teaching. We also find that entrepreneurship education has low legitimacy among teachers, particularly when it is classified weakly. The weak framing and classification, taken together with the low legitimacy among teachers, are likely to lead to very different transformations of entrepreneurship education in different educational contexts. In the long run, this could have a negative effect on the equivalence of teaching at upper secondary school.
Improved Score-performance Matching Using Both Structural and Temporal Information from MIDI Recordings

Abstract Automated score-performance matching is a complex problem due to the use of expressive timing by performers and the presence of notes that are unspecified in the score, such as performance errors and ornaments. Automated matchers typically use performance data extracted from MIDI recordings. For the most part, these algorithms use structural information, such as pitch and chronological succession, but do not use timing information. As a result, most matchers cannot deal satisfactorily with ornamented performances or performances that exhibit extreme variations in tempo. The matcher presented here relies both on structural and temporal information, allowing it to generate an accurate match even for heavily ornamented performances. Hand-made score-performance matches on a corpus of 80 MIDI recordings of organ performances of two pieces were used as ground truth data for a comparison with matcher results. The matcher achieved a nearly perfect accuracy rate. In addition, the matcher performed equally well or better than matchers previously described in the literature on a set of piano performances of two pieces by Chopin, thus demonstrating its versatility and robustness. We also propose a heuristic for the identification of ornaments and errors that is based on perceptual principles, and which could theoretically be amenable to empirical study. Finally, this matcher is designed to accommodate multi-channel MIDI recordings of performances from keyboard instruments with multiple manuals, such as organ or harpsichord. This feature makes it a potentially valuable tool for the investigation of ensemble performances of MIDI instruments.
Effect of Micro- and Nanomagnetite on Printing Toner Properties

Toner is a main component of electrophotographic printing and copying processes. One of the most important ingredients of toner is magnetite (Fe3O4) which provides the tribocharging property for toner particles. In this study, nano- and microparticles of Fe3O4 were synthesized using the coprecipitation method and different amounts of lauric acid as a surfactant. The synthesized nano and micro Fe3O4 was then used as the charge control agent to produce toner by emulsion aggregation. The Fe3O4 and toner were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), atomic gradient force magnetometry (AGFM), dynamic laser scattering (DLS), particle size analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the optimum amount of surfactant not only reduced particle size but also reduced the magnetite properties of Fe3O4. It was found that the magnetite behavior of the toner is not similar to the Fe3O4 used to produce it. Although small-sized Fe3O4 created toner with a smaller size, toners made with micro Fe3O4 showed better magnetite properties than toner made with nano Fe3O4.
Prediction and evaluation of nonlinear site response with potentially liquefiable layers in the area of Nafplion (Peloponnesus, Greece) for a repeat of historical earthquakes

Abstract. We examine the possible non-linear behaviour of potentially liquefiable layers at selected sites located within the expansion area of the town of Nafplion, East Peloponnese, Greece. Input motion is computed for three scenario earthquakes, selected on the basis of historical seismicity data, using a stochastic strong ground motion simulation technique, which takes into account the finite dimensions of the earthquake sources. Site-specific ground acceleration synthetics and soil profiles are then used to evaluate the liquefaction potential at the sites of interest. The activation scenario of the Iria fault, which is the closest one to Nafplion (M=6.4), is found to be the most hazardous in terms of liquefaction initiation. In this scenario almost all the examined sites exhibit liquefaction features at depths of 6–12 m. For scenario earthquakes at two more distant seismic sources (Epidaurus fault – M6.3; Xylokastro fault – M6.7) strong ground motion amplification phenomena by the shallow soft soil layer are expected to be observed.
Relationship between Night Sleep and Day Time Sleepiness, Activities of Daily Living, and Cognitive Status of Community Dwelling Elders

Sleep disorders are commonly under diagnosed and are a significant source of concern in the geriatric population. Because of the high prevalence, complexity, and health implications associated with sleep-related disorders in older individuals, increasing attention is now being focused on this topic. Aim: The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between night sleep and day time sleepiness, activities of daily living, and cognitive status of community dwelling elders. Setting: The study was carried out in the medical outpatient clinics in The South Valley Main University Hospital at Qena city. Subjects: The study included, one hundred older adults aged 60 years and above, able to communicate effectively, and accept to participate in the study Tools: five tools were used in this study; the socio-demographic and clinical data structured interview schedule, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), The Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale, The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between elders' social characteristics outcome and excessive daytime Sleepiness of the studied elders. More than half of a very sleepy studied elders reported poor productivity, poor social outcome, poor activity levels, and poor vigilance. Around two thirds of the poor functional outcome' studied elders were dependent in ADLs, and had mild - moderate cognitive impairment. Conclusion: positive relationships were found between poor functional outcomes of sleep subscales (poor productivity, poor social outcome, poor activity levels, and poor vigilance) and the older adults' dependency in performing A DL. Sever cognitive impairment, and very sleepy older adults, that should seek medical advice. Recommendations: Preparation of an instructional booklet to include tips to improve sleep pattern, importance of stick to a regular bedtime, sleep hygiene practice, and healthy life style. Taking into consideration criteria of written materials for the elders should be considered.
The L-Type Calcium Ion Channel Cch1 Affects Ascospore Discharge and Mycelial Growth in the Filamentous Fungus Gibberella zeae (Anamorph Fusarium graminearum)

ABSTRACT Cch1, a putative voltage-gated calcium ion channel, was investigated for its role in ascus development in Gibberella zeae. Gene replacement mutants of CCH1 were generated and found to have asci which did not forcibly discharge spores, although morphologically ascus and ascospore development in the majority of asci appeared normal. Additionally, mycelial growth was significantly slower, and sexual development was slightly delayed in the mutant; mutant mycelia showed a distinctive fluffy morphology, and no cirrhi were produced. Wheat infected with Δcch1 mutants developed symptoms comparable to wheat infected with the wild type; however, the mutants showed a reduced ability to protect the infected stalk from colonization by saprobic fungi. Transcriptional analysis of gene expression in mutants using the Affymetrix Fusarium microarray showed 2,449 genes with significant, twofold or greater, changes in transcript abundance across a developmental series. This work extends the role of CCH1 to forcible spore discharge in G. zeae and suggests that this channel has subtle effects on growth and development.
Development of a Fluorescent Multiplex Assay for Detection of MSI-High Tumors

Determining whether a tumor exhibits microsatellite instability (MSI) is useful in identifying patients with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer and sporadic gastrointestinal cancers with defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR). The assessment of MSI status aids in establishing a clinical prognosis and may be predictive of tumor response to chemotherapy. A reference panel of five markers was suggested for MSI analysis by a National Cancer Institute (NCI) workshop in 1997 that has helped to standardize testing. But this panel of markers has limitations resulting from the inclusion of dinucleotide markers, which are less sensitive and specific for detection of tumors with MMR deficiencies compared to other types of markers that are currently available. This study demonstrates that mononucleotides are the most sensitive and specific markers for detection of tumors with defects in MMR and identifies an optimal panel of markers for detection of MSI-H tumors. A set of 266 mono-, di-, tetra- and penta-nucleotide repeat microsatellite markers were used to screen for MSI in colorectal tumors. The best markers for detection of MSI-H tumors were selected for a MSI Multiplex System, which included five mononucleotide markers: BAT-25, BAT-26, NR-21, NR-24 and MONO-27. In addition, two pentanucleotide markers were added to identify sample mix-ups and/or contamination. We classified 153 colorectal tumors using the new MSI Multiplex System and compared the results to those obtained with a panel of 10 microsatellite markers combined with immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. We observed 99% concordance between the two methods with nearly 100% accuracy in detection of MSI-H tumors. Approximately 5% of the MSI-H tumors had normal levels of four MMR proteins and as a result would have been misclassified based solely on IHC analysis, emphasizing the importance of performing MSI testing. The new MSI Multiplex System offers several distinct advantages over other methods of MSI testing in that it is both extremely sensitive and specific and amenable to high-throughput analysis. The MSI Multiplex System meets the new recommendations proposed at the recent 2002 NCI workshop on HNPCC and MSI testing and overcomes problems inherent to the original five-marker panel. The use of a single multiplex fluorescent MSI assay reduces the time and costs involved in MSI testing with increased reliability and accuracy and thus should facilitate widespread screening for microsatellite instability in tumors of patients with gastrointestinal cancers.
A study of relevance propagation for web search

Different from traditional information retrieval, both content and structure are critical to the success of Web information retrieval. In recent years, many relevance propagation techniques have been proposed to propagate content information between web pages through web structure to improve the performance of web search. In this paper, we first propose a generic relevance propagation framework, and then provide a comparison study on the effectiveness and efficiency of various representative propagation models that can be derived from this generic framework. We come to many conclusions that are useful for selecting a propagation model in real-world search applications, including 1) sitemap-based propagation models outperform hyperlink-based models in sense of both effectiveness and efficiency, and 2) sitemap-based term propagation is easier to be integrated into real-world search engines because of its parallel offline implementation and acceptable complexity. Some other more detailed study results are also reported in the paper.
Stereo Pair Generation by Introducing Bokeh Effect in 2D Images

The process of 2D to 3D involves depth map estimation of input image and stereo pair generation using that depth image. Fully automatic techniques are not able to give very high quality output and methods which involve human operators are costly and time consuming. We propose a semiautomatic technique which incorporates monocular depth cues if these are not present in the input image. We propose a method which first includes defocusing factor in the input image semi-automatically and then estimates depth from focus cue. We also used motion parallax as another monocular depth cue and evaluate the performance of final depth map. Gradient Magnitude Similarity Deviation which is a highly efficient perceptual quality index is used for the performance evaluation of final depth map. GMSD score is lowest in case of final depth map which shows highest quality. Finally, stereo pair is generated using original image and its depth map.
Financial Performance of Malaysia Local Banks: During Periods of Pre-Merger and Post-Merger

This paper attempts to investigate the level of efficiency and financial performance of Malaysia local banks after the banking sector's merger and acquisition in year 2000. This paper will analyse the impact of merger on banks' profitability, cost reduction, liquidity, leverage and shareholder's wealth. Comparative analysis on financial ratios are used to assess the performance of Malaysia local banks during the pre-merger period (year 1999-2001) and the post-merger period (year 2002-2010). In addition, Data Envelop Analysis (DEA), T-Value Testing and paired-sample t-test will also be adopted as methodology of this study. This study would allow IBBM (Institute Bank-Bank Malaysia) to have a better understanding and a clear picture of the effect of "forced merger" among domestic incorporated Malaysia commercial banks. The results of this study shown no significant improvement in the performance and efficiency of the merged banks, IBBM can play a role as an advisor in giving their opinion or advise to the regulatory authorities in determining the future merger and acquisition scheme by knowing whether the acquiring bank can really benefit from acquiring a lesser efficient bank according to theory and vice versa. Decision-makers hence ought to be more cautious in promoting mergers as a means to enjoying efficiency gains.
Hybrid networks-a step beyond 3G

- the overwhelming trend in the network market for convergence of data communications, broadcast media and telecommunication demands that wireless networks handle mixed services. However, since the existing and forthcoming wireless networks still feature different data rates, network latencies, interaction capabilities, mobility support and cost per bit, each of those networks is only an optimal platform for a certain type of services. This paper presents the concept of a hybrid network, which consists a hybrid core network and several access networks, each of which is optimized for some services. The integration of several access networks enables the overall system to support a broad mix of services in an efficient manner. This paper discusses alternative models for hybrid networks. Additionally, the paper introduces the DRiVE (Dynamic Radio for IP-services in Vehicular Environments) architecture as an example of future art in hybrid networking.
Chinese-English Semantic Resource Construction

Abstract : We describe an approach to large-scale construction of a semantic lexicon for Chinese verbs. We leverage off of three existing resources-- a classification of English verbs called EVCA (English Verbs Classes and Alternations), a Chinese conceptual database called HowNet, and a large-machine readable dictionary called Optilex. The resulting lexicon is used for determining appropriate word senses in applications such as machine translation and cross-language information retrieval.
Weighted capacitated, priority, and geometric set cover via improved quasi-uniform sampling

The minimum-weight set cover problem is widely known to be O(log n)-approximable, with no improvement possible in the general case. We take the approach of exploiting problem structure to achieve better results, by providing a geometry-inspired algorithm whose approximation guarantee depends solely on an instance-specific combinatorial property known as shallow cell complexity (SCC). Roughly speaking, a set cover instance has low SCC if any column-induced submatrix of the corresponding element-set incidence matrix has few distinct rows. By adapting and improving Varadarajan's recent quasi-uniform random sampling method for weighted geometric covering problems, we obtain strong approximation algorithms for a structurally rich class of weighted covering problems with low SCC. We also show how to derandomize our algorithm. Our main result has several immediate consequences. Among them, we settle an open question of Chakrabarty et al. [8] by showing that weighted instances of the capacitated covering problem with underlying network structure have O(1)-approximations. Additionally, our improvements to Varadarajan's sampling framework yield several new results for weighted geometric set cover, hitting set, and dominating set problems. In particular, for weighted covering problems exhibiting linear (or near-linear) union complexity, we obtain approximability results agreeing with those known for the unweighted case. For example, we obtain a constant approximation for the weighted disk cover problem, improving upon the 2O(log* n)-approximation known prior to our work and matching the O(1)-approximation known for the unweighted variant.
Nanoantennas for Light Emission

Radio antennas have long been used to increase the amount of radiated power and modify the emission direction of the radio waves. In his Perspective, Greffet discusses recent attempts to apply these ideas to the design of optical antennas, which could find applications in quantum information processing and spectroscopy of nanometer-scale objects. The author highlights the report by MA¼hlschlegel et al. , who show that although optical antennas face challenges that are not encountered at radio wavelengths, radio antenna designs can nevertheless be reproduced successfully at optical wavelengths. Many other designs are being investigated in this rapidly expanding field.
Fault recovery of an under-actuated quadrotor Aerial Vehicle

Miniature Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with ability to vertically take off and land (as in quadrotors) exhibit advantages and features in maneuverability that have recently gained strong interest in the research community. Reliability of control systems require robustness and fault tolerance capabilities in presence of anomalies and unexpected failures in actuators, sensors or subsystems. Development of an autonomous fault diagnosis and recovery system that can cope with these faults has attracted a lot of interest in the past several years. Particularly, for small aerial vehicles due to hardware redundancy limitations design of a reliable control system plays an important role in ensuring acceptable and efficient performance. In this paper, an autonomous fault recovery scheme is proposed in response to actuator faults in an under-actuated quadrotor aerial vehicle. A self-recovery mechanism, which extends the capabilities of the quadrotor system to operate under the presence of faults is proposed. The solution developed takes into account the management of the control authority by incorporating the post-fault model of the actuator.
A High-Speed CMOS Integrated Optical Receiver With an Under-Damped TIA

We present a CMOS integrated optical receiver having under-damped transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and CMOS avalanche photodetector (APD) realized in 65-nm CMOS technology. The under-damped TIA compensates the bandwidth limitation of CMOS APD and provides enhanced receiver bandwidth performance with reduced power consumption and better sensitivity compared with previously reported techniques. We successfully demonstrate 10-Gb/s 231-1 PRBS and 12.5-Gb/s 27-1 PRBS operation with the bit-error rate less than 10-12 at the incident optical power of -6 and -2 dBm, respectively. The receiver has core size of 0.24 mm × 0.1 mm and power consumption excluding output buffer of -. 13.7 mW with 1.2 V supply voltage.