Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Organization and Regulation of a Polycistronic Cold Shock Operon in Sinorhizobium meliloti RM1021 Encoding Homologs of the Escherichia coli Major Cold Shock Gene cspA and Ribosomal Protein GenerpsU

ABSTRACT A homolog of the major eubacterial cold shock gene cspAwas identified in Sinorhizobium meliloti RM1021 byluxAB reporter transposon mutagenesis. Here we further characterize the organization and regulation of this locus. DNA sequence analysis indicated that the locus includes three open reading frames (ORFs) encoding homologs corresponding to CspA, a novel 10.6-kDa polypeptide designated ORF2, and a homolog of the Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S21. Transcription analysis indicated that this locus produced two different-sized cspA-hybridizing transcripts upon cold shock, a 400-nucleotide (nt) RNA encodingcspA alone and a 1,000-nt transcript encodingcspA-ORF2-rpsU. The sizes of the transcripts agreed with the location of the transcription start site determined by primer extension and the locations of two putative transcriptional terminators. The promoter of the cspA-ORF2-rpsU locus had −10 and −35 elements similar to the E. coliς70 consensus promoter and, like the cspAlocus of E. coli, included an AT-rich region upstream of the −35 hexamer. The promoter of the S. meliloti cspAlocus was found to impart cold shock-induced mRNA accumulation. In addition, the 5′-untranslated region (5′ UTR) was found to increase the fold induction of cspA transcripts after cold shock and depressed the level of luxAB mRNA prior to cold shock, another feature similar to cspA regulation in E. coli. No “cold box” was identified upstream of the S. meliloti cspA gene, however, and there was no other obvious sequence identity between the S. meliloti 5′ UTR and that of E. coli. DNA hybridization analysis indicated that outside the cspA-ORF2-rpsU cold shock locus there are several additional cspA-like genes and a secondrpsU homolog.
Regulating Dark Trading: Order Flow Segmentation and Market Quality

We examine the impact of a rule in the Canadian equities market that requires dark orders to offer price improvement over displayed orders. We show that this rule eliminated intermediation of retail orders in the dark and shifted retail orders onto the lit market with the lowest trading fee. Intermediaries shifted liquidity supply to this market leading to increased displayed liquidity. We conclude that reducing retail order segmentation enhances lit liquidity. Despite the improvement in liquidity, retail traders receive less price improvement. Retail brokers pay higher trading fees to exchanges, and high-frequency traders earn higher revenues from trading fees.
Modeling Attitudinal Antecedents of Nurses’ Decisions to Report Impaired Colleagues

Nurses whose professional functioning is impaired due to substance abuse represent a threat to the health and safety of patients, other health care staff, and themselves. The major means for identifying impaired nurses is nonimpaired coworkers. Yet, only 37% of nurses who have had experiences working with impaired colleagues reported them to supervisors. A cross-sectional correlational research design, employing structural equation modeling, was used to explicate the relationships among the latent attitudinal constructs: permissiveness, morality, treatment efficacy regarding substance abuse, and punitive attitudes toward impaired nurses. The influences of these attitudes on perceived severity of impairment in fictitious coworkers and subsequent intentions to report these coworkers to nursing supervisors were modeled in a sample of 126 nurses. Permissiveness and positive attitude toward treatment were significantly related to intentions to report nurses. Moralistic attitude was not related to intention. Moralistic attitude was, however, strongly associated with a punitive attitude toward impaired nurses.
Role of Handicrafts in Economic Development: A Case Study of Carpet Industry of India

Handicrafts industry of India has a great potential in economic development of the country. The present study is an attempt to assess the potential of carpet industry in India. Indian handmade carpet of handicrafts industry is perhaps the only sector over in rural India that almost 100% export oriented and providing direct employment to the millions, generating opportunities to rural unemployed artisans. At present, carpet sector is contributing US$ 932 million from export to the government exchequer and providing livelihood over and above to the million weavers and artisans. Indian handmade carpets has recognized worldwide for its elegant design and vibrant color craftsmanship. Present study is an attempt to show the potential of handmade carpet industry of India in accelerating the growth and development of Indian Economy. The present study is based on secondary data collected through the reports from textile ministry, various organization and magazines. The data has analyzed on the basis of simple method and presents by charts, table and diagram.
A method to isolate DNA from small archival tissue samples for p53 gene analysis

The tumor suppressor gene p53 is involved in predisposition to a variety of human cancers, including those from Li–Fraumeni cancer family syndrome patients. Studies of inheritance of p53 germline mutations require confirmation of the mutation in the tumors from family members. These studies as well as other retrospective studies of tumor specific mutations, are often hampered by a lack of available fresh or frozen tumor tissue samples for DNA extraction to confirm the suspected p53 mutation. Here we describe a simple technique for DNA isolation that permits mutational analysis of p53 from minimal amounts of paraffin‐embedded archival tissue samples. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synergistic and Additive Properties of the Beta-Globin Locus Control Region (LCR) Revealed by 5′HS3 Deletion Mutations: Implication for LCR Chromatin Architecture

ABSTRACT Deletion of the 234-bp core element of the DNase I hypersensitive site 3 (5′HS3) of the locus control region (LCR) in the context of a human beta-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) results in profound effects on globin gene expression in transgenic mice. In contrast, deletion of a 2.3-kb 5′HS3 region, which includes the 234-bp core sequence, has a much milder phenotype. Here we report the effects of these deletions on chromatin structure in the beta-globin locus of adult erythroblasts. The 234-bp 5′HS3 deletion abolished histone acetylation throughout the β-globin locus; recruitment of RNA polymerase II (pol II) to the LCR and beta-globin gene promoter was reduced to a basal level; and formation of all the 5′ DNase I hypersensitive sites of the LCR was disrupted. The 2.3-kb 5′HS3 deletion mildly reduced the level of histone acetylation but did not change the profile across the whole locus; the 5′ DNase I hypersensitive sites of the LCR were formed, but to a lesser extent; and recruitment of pol II was reduced, but only marginally. These data support the hypothesis that the LCR forms a specific chromatin structure and acts as a single entity. Based on these results we elaborate on a model of LCR chromatin architecture which accommodates the distinct phenotypes of the 5′HS3 and HS3 core deletions.
A novel dynamical approach to (m, k)-fırm scheduling

Many real-time systems tolerate, up to some extent, that instances of their tasks are skipped or miss their deadlines. In such cases it is possible to increase the system schedulability by dropping some jobs. However, the number and temporal distribution of such drops must be constrained, in order to bound its impact on the system performance. The (m, k)-fırm model, which specifies that at least m out of any k consecutive jobs are scheduled, captures such constraints and has been a topic of interest of the scientific community over the last few years. Many advances in the implementation of this type of schedulers were made. However, the (m, k)-fırm schedulers hitherto proposed in literature either do not provide deterministic (m, k)-fırm guarantees or are not efficiently scheduled. In this paper it is presented a (m, k)-fırm scheduler that provides deterministic (m, k)-fırm guarantees and is capable of scheduling task sets that are deemed unschedulable by current approaches. The proposed scheduler works by dynamically changing the underlying (m, k)-fırm frames. Examples of task sets that are schedulable by the scheduler proposed in this paper but that not schedulable by any other scheduler described in the literature are presented.
Classification of multivariate data using Dirichlet process mixture models

We address the problem of multivariate data classification by the nonparametric Bayesian methodology, where the priors are modeled as Dirichlet processes. Sets of series of multivariate data are observed, where each vector in the series is modeled by a Gaussian linear regression. Each class is defined by the unknown matrices of linear coefficients of the model and the covariance matrices of the errors of the model. The number of different classes is unknown. For the unknown coefficients and covariance matrices we adopt a conjugate prior, the matrix-normal - inverse Wishart distribution. We implement the classification by Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. The proposed approach is demonstrated by extensive computer simulations.
Vitamin A for acute respiratory infection in developing countries: a meta‐analysis

Aim: To determine the efficacy of intervention with high‐dose vitamin A as an adjunct to standard treatment on outcome in acute lower respiratory tract infection in children in developing countries. Methods: A systematic review of double‐blinded, randomized, controlled intervention studies of high‐dose vitamin A or placebo in children aged between 1 mo and 6 y presenting with acute non‐measles lower respiratory tract infection. Results: Five studies fulfilling the criteria were identified and included a total of 2177 children (1067 intervention, 1110 control). The main outcome measures were time to normalization of fever, respiratory rate and oxygen dependence, time to discharge, and mortality. On meta‐analysis, there were no significant differences in any of the recovery measures or mortality between the intervention and control groups. Pooled results for recovery times are given showing difference in days to recovery days and 95% confidence intervals. Positive summary measures indicate faster recovery in the vitamin A group and negative in the placebo: fever: 0.03 (—0.10 to 0.17); oxygen requirement: —0.08 (—0.31 to 0.16); raised respiratory rate: —0.09 (—0.38 to 0.19); hospital stay: —0.06 (—0.52 to 0.40). Mortality was below 2% in both groups, with a non‐significantly higher risk in the intervention group (odds ratio 1.16, 95% CI: 0.61—2.21).
Childhood abuse and neglect and physical health at midlife: Prospective, longitudinal evidence

Abstract Previous research suggests that the experience of abuse and neglect in childhood has negative implications for physical health in adulthood. Using data from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (N = 115), the present research examined the predictive significance of childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, and physical/cognitive neglect for multilevel assessments of physical health at midlife (age 37–39 years), including biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk, self-reports of quality of health, and a number of health problems. Analyses revealed that childhood physical/cognitive neglect, but not physical or sexual abuse, predicted all three health outcomes in middle adulthood, even when controlling for demographic risk factors and adult health maintenance behaviors. We discuss possible explanations for the unique significance of neglect in this study and suggest future research that could clarify previous findings regarding the differential impact of different types of abuse and neglect on adult health.
Information technology investment and performance of commercial banks in Kenya

ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background of the Study . 1 1.1.1 Information Technology Investments . 1 1.1.2 Organizational Performance . 2 1.1.3 Commercial Banks in Kenya . 3 1.2 Research Problem . 4 1.3 Research Objective . 6 1.4 Value of the Study . 6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 2.
How Do Venture Capitalists Make Decisions?

We survey 885 institutional venture capitalists (VCs) at 681 firms to learn how they make decisions across eight areas: deal sourcing; investment selection; valuation; deal structure; post-investment value-added; exits; internal firm organization; and relationships with limited partners. In selecting investments, VCs see the management team as more important than business related characteristics such as product or technology. They also attribute more of the likelihood of ultimate investment success or failure to the team than to the business. While deal sourcing, deal selection, and post-investment value-added all contribute to value creation, the VCs rate deal selection as the most important of the three. We also explore (and find) differences in practices across industry, stage, geography and past success. We compare our results to those for CFOs (Graham and Harvey 2001) and private equity investors (Gompers, Kaplan and Mukharlyamov forthcoming).
Fasting of mice: a review

Fasting of mice is a common procedure performed in association with many different types of experiments mainly in order to reduce variability in investigatory parameters or to facilitate surgical procedures. However, the effects of fasting not directly related to the investigatory parameters are often ignored. The aim of this review is to present and summarize knowledge about the effects of fasting of mice to facilitate optimization of the fasting procedure for any given study and thereby maximize the scientific outcome and minimize the discomfort for the mice and hence ensure high animal welfare. The results are presented from a number of experimental studies, providing evidence for fasting-induced changes in hormone balance, body weight, metabolism, hepatic enzymes, cardiovascular parameters, body temperature and toxicological responses. A description of relevant normal behaviour and standard physiological parameters is given, concluding that mice are primarily nocturnal and consume two-thirds of their total food intake during the night. It is argued that overnight fasting of mice is not comparable with overnight fasting of humans because the mouse has a nocturnal circadian rhythm and a higher metabolic rate. It is suggested that because many physiological parameters are regulated by circadian rhythms, fasting initiated at different points in the circadian rhythm has different impacts and produces different results.
Erector spinae plane block for pain relief in rib fractures.

Ultrasound guided intercostobrachial blockade in patients with persistent pain after breast cancer surgery: a pilot study. Pain Physician 2016; 19: E309–17 10. Wisotzky EM, Saini V, Kao C. Ultrasound-guided intercostobrachial nerve block for intercostobrachial neuralgia in breast cancer patients: a case series. PM R 2016; 8: 273–7 11. Wijayasinghe N, Andersen KG, Kehlet H. Neural blockade for persistent pain after breast cancer surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2014; 39: 272–8
Rethinking the proximodistal axis of the vertebrate limb in the molecular era.

The development of the vertebrate limb has long served as a paradigm for understanding the fundamental processes by which an undifferentiated field of cells gains spatial pattern and undergoes coordinated differentiation to produce the exquisitely complex structures that characterize our functional anatomy. The limb bud emerges from the flank as a mound of seemingly homogeneous mesenchymal cells within an ectodermal jacket. Yet within days this mass of cells gives rise to skeletal elements, muscles, and connective tissues organized in the form of a mature limb. Looking at one’s own arm or leg, this organization can immediately be appreciated along three different axes: The back of the hand (dorsal) is different from the palm (ventral), the thumb (anterior) is distinct from the little finger (posterior), and the upper arm (proximal) is different from the lower arm and the hand (distal). The process by which differences along the proximodistal axis are established has been particularly controversial, with competing models proposed to explain the outcome of both classical and genetic manipulations. However, if one examines the two major models that have been previously proposed, neither of them is tenable in the context of our current knowledge of gene activity in the developing limb. Proximodistal patterning therefore needs to be placed into a new framework based directly on the molecular data. The first key insight into the process of limb patterning came almost 60 yr ago when John Saunders discovered that the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), a thickened ridge of ectodermal cells that runs along the anterior– posterior axis of the distal limb bud (equivalent to a ridge running along the distal edge of the hand from which the finger tips will eventually form) is necessary for the successful outgrowth of the limb along the proximodistal axis (Saunders 1948). To explain how different structures arise at different proximodistal levels as the limb bud grows out, a model was subsequently proposed based on progressive specification of increasingly distal cell fates in a domain ∼300 µm deep directly below the AER (Summerbell et al. 1973). According to this view, under the influence of the AER, cells are maintained in a so-called progress zone. These cells continuously acquire ever more distal positional information through the influence of an internal clock that is kept active as long as the cells receive signaling from the overlying AER. This process gives the cells a distal fate proportional to the length of time the cells remain in the progress zone. When cells move out of the range of AER signaling— i.e., out of the progress zone—the clock stops and their proximodistal fate therefore becomes fixed. This happens continuously, as all the cells in the progress zone—indeed, all of the cells of the limb bud—are dividing. As more cells are produced, only the members of the population closest to
Lon-Mediated Proteolysis of the FeoC Protein Prevents Salmonella enterica from Accumulating the Fe(II) Transporter FeoB under High-Oxygen Conditions

ABSTRACT The Salmonella Feo system consists of the FeoA, FeoB, and FeoC proteins and mediates ferrous iron [Fe(II)] import. FeoB is an inner membrane protein that, along with contributions from two small hydrophilic proteins, FeoA and FeoC, transports Fe(II). We previously reported that FeoC binds to and protects the FeoB transporter from FtsH-mediated proteolysis. In the present study, we report proteolytic regulation of FeoC that occurs in an oxygen-dependent fashion. While relatively stable under low-oxygen conditions, FeoC was rapidly degraded by the Lon protease under high-oxygen conditions. The putative Fe-S cluster of FeoC seemed to function as an oxygen sensor to control FeoC stability, as evidenced by the finding that mutation of the putative Fe-S cluster-binding site greatly increased FeoC stability under high-oxygen conditions. Salmonella ectopically expressing the feoB and feoC genes was able to accumulate FeoB and FeoC only under low-oxygen conditions, suggesting that FeoC proteolysis prevents Salmonella from accumulating the FeoB transporter under high-oxygen conditions. Finally, we propose that Lon-mediated FeoC proteolysis followed by FtsH-mediated FeoB proteolysis helps Salmonella to avoid uncontrolled Fe(II) uptake during the radical environmental changes encountered when shifting from low-iron anaerobic conditions to high-iron aerobic conditions.
Comparison of the main forms of half-quadratic regularization

We consider the reconstruction of images by minimizing regularized cost-functions. To accelerate the computation of the estimate, two forms of half-quadratic regularization, multiplicative and additive, are often used. The goal of this paper is to compare both theoretically and experimentally the efficiency of these two forms. We provide a theoretical and experimental analysis of the speed of convergence that they allow. We show that the multiplicative form gives rise to a better rate of convergence.
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY IN LIVINGSTONE FRUIT BATS (PTEROPUS LIVINGSTONII)

Abstract Eleven cases of dilated cardiomyopathy have been diagnosed and treated in captive Livingstone fruit bats (Pteropus livingstonii) in the United Kingdom over the past 7 yr. All but one case received treatment with a diuretic plus an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), and, or pimobendan. One case is still under treatment with pimobendan alone, following diagnosis before onset of clinical signs. Diuretic treatment consisted of furosemide at a dose rate of 0.5–5 mg/kg, one to three times daily, and, or spironolactone at a dose rate of 1–4 mg/kg, once or twice daily. When used, the ACEI imidapril was given at a dose rate of 0.24–0.38 mg/kg q 24 hr, and pimobendan at a dose rate of 0.2–0.5 mg/kg bid. This report is intended to provide anyone seeking to medically manage heart failure in Pteropus species, particularly P. livingstonii, with a review of drugs and doses that have been used.
The 24-Hour Sleep Patterns Interview: A Pilot Study of Validity and Feasibility

The purpose of this project was to examine the validity and feasibility of the 24-Hour Sleep Patterns Interview (24-Hour SPI) as a measure of sleep continuity (bedtime, wake time, sleep onset latency, total sleep time) and sleep quality. Two studies were completed. The first study (n = 154) compared the 24-Hour SPI with a 2-week sleep diary, and the second study (n = 32) compared the 24-Hour SPI with actigraphy, sleep diary, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Both studies found a significant relation between the 24-Hour SPI and established measures of sleep patterns and sleep quality. The sensitivity and feasibility were also examined by data completion rates, differences in weekday and weekend sleep patterns, and qualitative feedback from participants. This pilot study supports the use of the 24-Hour SPI as a valid and feasible measure of subjective sleep patterns for research, especially for researchers with limited budgets or who are primarily interested in subjective sleep outcomes. Additional research with larger and broader samples is needed to further validate this approach.
Defining Sustainability through Developers' Eyes: Recommendations from an Interview Study

Defining ‘software sustainability’ in the context of research, and determining how best to support it, remains a considerable challenge. The research reported here approaches the question from a new direction by asking research software developers to provide their own experience of and opinions about sustainability. Two main themes emerged from the study: intrinsic sustainability ‐ concerned with aspects of the software itself ‐ and extrinsic sustainability ‐ concerned with the environment in which it is developed. A key finding is that developers consider sustainability is less at the level of the research project that funds it, and more at the level of the software artefact itself, and ensuring that the functionality it represents can be re-used in some capacity in the future. We propose recommendations to improve sustainability, focusing in particular on community building, improving software quality and increasing motivation.