Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 Legal Knowledge Based System and Legal Education-Focusing on understanding Change of Legal Relation -

It is important for legal education to develop a student’s capability to reason what kind of right and duty relations come to exist as a result of an application of law to a concrete case problem. A legal knowledge base system which logically infers the legal state of affairs as a conclusion from law together with the facts of a case and which clearly shows the reasoning process, is to be a useful tool for legal education. As the legal state of affairs changes according to the time-progress of an event, a clarified logical model of law is necessary to enable us to logically prove changes among legal relationships over time. This study presents such a model based on the concepts of legal sentence as well as their validity and applies it to a contract, i.e. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) to construct its deductive knowledge base. As a visual representation to represent a legal state of affairs, we have introduced the belt figure of the validity of legal sentences in our legal knowledge base system in order that students can well understand the change in rights and duties relations.
High-Quality Depth Recovery via Interactive Multi-view Stereo

Although multi-view stereo has been extensively studied during the past decades, automatically computing high-quality dense depth information from captured images/videos is still quite difficult. Many factors, such as serious occlusion, large texture less regions and strong reflection, easily cause erroneous depth recovery. In this paper, we present a novel semi-automatic multi-view stereo system, which can quickly create and repair depth from a monocular sequence taken by a freely moving camera. One of our main contributions is that we propose a novel multi-view stereo model incorporating prior constraints indicated by user interaction, which makes it possible to even handle Non-Lambertian surface that surely violates the photo-consistency constraint. Users only need to provide a coarse segmentation and a few user interactions, our system can automatically correct depth and refine boundary. With other priors and occlusion handling, the erroneous depth can be effectively corrected even for very challenging examples that are difficult for state-of-the-art methods.
MHC class II antigen presentation pathway in murine tumours: tumour evasion from immunosurveillance?

Qualitative differences in the MHC class II antigen processing and presentation pathway may be instrumental in shaping the CD4+ T cell response directed against tumour cells. Efficient loading of many MHC class II alleles with peptides requires the assistance of H2-M, a heterodimeric MHC class II-like molecule. In contrast to the HLA-DM region in humans, the β-chain locus is duplicated in mouse, with the H2-Mb1 (Mb1β-chain distal to H2-Mb2 (Mb2) and the H2-Ma (Ma) α-chain gene). Here, we show that murine MHC class II and H2-M genes are coordinately regulated in murine tumour cell lines by T helper cell 1 (IFN-γ) and T helper cell 2 (IL-4 or IL-10) cytokines in the presence of the MHC class II-specific transactivator CIITA as determined by mRNA expression and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, Mαβ1 and Mαβ2 heterodimers are differentially expressed in murine tumour cell lines of different histology. Both H2-M isoforms promote equally processing and presentation of native protein antigens to H2-Ad- and H2-Ed-restricted CD4+ T cells. Murine tumour cell lines could be divided into three groups: constitutive MHC class II and CIITA expression; inducible MHC class II and CIITA expression upon IFN-γ-treatment; and lack of constitutive and IFN-γ-inducible MHC class II and CIITA expression. These differences may impact on CD4+ T cell recognition of cancer cells in murine tumour models. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
Alternative Phrases and Natural Language Information Retrieval

This paper presents a formal analysis for a large class of words called alternative markers, which includes other(than), such(as), and besides. These words appear frequently enough in dialog to warrant serious attention, yet present natural language search engines perform poorly on queries containing them. I show that the performance of a search engine can be improved dramatically by incorporating an approximation of the formal analysis that is compatible with the search engine's operational semantics. The value of this approach is that as the operational semantics of natural language applications improve, even larger improvements are possible.
Preparing Preservice Secondary Special Educators

Through a mixed-methods study, teacher education faculty members investigated the implementation of a new block of courses and an associated secondary clinical experience designed to prepare preservice secondary special educators. Seventy-three preservice candidates (a) completed then-and-now surveys assessing their confidence implementing 25 competencies, (b) submitted clinical-based artifacts, and (c) reflected on their clinical experience. They reported greater confidence in all skills; completed co-teaching, transition, and strategy-based projects with more than 90% accuracy; and indicated greater understanding of the roles assumed by secondary special educators. Results support recommendations by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education for developing closer connections between methods courses and clinical experiences and greater collaboration between university and school faculty.
Comprehensive Analysis of Innovative Cross-Platform App Development Frameworks

Mobile apps are increasingly realized by using a crossplatform development framework. Using such frameworks, code is written once but the app can be deployed to multiple platforms. Despite progress in research on cross-platform techniques, results (i.e. apps) are not always satisfactory. They are subject to tedious tailoring and the development effort tends to be notable. In these cases, either pure web apps (realized through web browsers) or native apps (realized for each platform separately) are chosen. Recent activities have led to new approaches. In this paper, we have a closer look at three of these, namely React Native, the Ionic Framework, and Fuse. We present a comprehensive analysis of the three approaches. Our work is based on a real-world use case, which allows us to provide generalizable advice. Our findings suggest that there is no clear winner; the frameworks incorporate notable ideas and general progress in the field can be asserted.
The ‘messy’ business of academic developers leading other academic developers: critical reflection on a curriculum realignment exercise

Little has been written about academic developers (ADs) working in teams leading other ADs. This paper chronicles the experience of a group of ADs in one Australian university working on a curriculum realignment exercise. Unexpectedly the dominant theme in participants’ reflections was group dynamics, not the process. We were confronted by unstated assumptions about ADs working collaboratively and shocked to realise that ADs, like academics, resist change. Our interpretation of that ‘resistance’ was a salutary reminder of the extent to which academic development work reflects broader social, political, and institutional contexts and discourses. Parallels between this context and ADs working with academics are drawn.
An Adaptive Framework for Web Services Testing Automation Using JMeter

Web services testing have become important in Service oriented architecture (SOA). Several organizations have developed generic components that have been used across multiple customer project implementations. They require extensive human interventions for evaluating and testing Web services which may include new development and enhancement of components. We propose a new test automation framework for Web services testing by aggregating common and project specific features of generic components. The proposed system does not require human intervention in contrast to existing systems where human intervention is necessary. Besides, the proposed system reduces test data dependency, which in turn speeds up execution process. We test the framework on different applications to show that the proposed framework is effective in terms of time and success rate.
Practitioner’s Digest

Black sexual minority women are triply marginalized due to their race, gender, and sexual orientation. We compared three dimensions of discrimination—frequency (regularity of occurrences), scope (number of types of discriminatory acts experienced), and number of bases (number of social statuses to which discrimination was attributed)—and self-reported mental health (depressive symptoms, psychological well-being, and social well-being) between 64 Black sexual minority women and each of two groups sharing two of three marginalized statuses: (a) 67 White sexual minority women and (b) 67 Black sexual minority men. Black sexual minority women reported greater discrimination frequency, scope, and number of bases and poorer psychological and social well-being than White sexual minority women and more discrimination bases, a higher level of depressive symptoms, and poorer social well-being than Black sexual minority men. We then tested and contrasted dimensions of discrimination as mediators between social status (race or gender) and mental health outcomes. Discrimination frequency and scope mediated the association between race and mental health, with a stronger effect via frequency among sexual minority women. Number of discrimination bases mediated the association between gender and mental health among Black sexual minorities. Future research and clinical practice would benefit from considering Black sexual minority women’s mental health in a multidimensional minority stress context.
Cognitive and Psychosocial Characteristics of Gifted Students With Written Language Disability: A Reply to Lovett’s Response

Our article describing the characteristics of gifted students with a specific learning disability (SLD) in written language was criticized for emphasizing an ability achievement discrepancy as an indication of a written language disability and for not ruling out alternative explanations for the observed difficulties. The three primary alternative explanations include measurement error, (lack of) motivation, and/or past experiences. In our reply, we offer extensive evidence that refutes these alternative explanations. The critique also offers an interpretation, which we determined to be inaccurate, of our data; therefore, we correct the misinterpretation. We conclude with a confirmation of our original findings: identification of gifted students with specific learning disabilities requires a comprehensive psycho-educational evaluation that includes an examination of the cognitive profile generated from individually-administered tests of ability and achievement. In combination with a psychosocial profile that addresses behavior, self-concept, interests, and motivation, educators have the necessary information to guide them in identifying and developing the unique talents of gifted children with SLD.
Growth/differentiation factor-5 significantly enhances periodontal wound healing/regeneration compared with platelet-derived growth factor-BB in dogs.

OBJECTIVE Recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 (rhGDF-5) in a particulate beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) carrier is being evaluated to support periodontal regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate periodontal wound healing/regeneration following an established clinical (benchmark) protocol including surgical implantation of rhGDF-5/beta-TCP in comparison with that following implantation of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF) combined with a particulate beta-TCP biomaterial using an established canine defect model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bilateral, 4 x 5 mm (width x depth), one-wall, critical-size, intrabony periodontal defects were surgically created at the mandibular second and fourth pre-molar teeth in five adult Beagle dogs. Defect sites were randomized to receive rhGDF-5/beta-TCP or the rhPDGF construct followed by wound closure for primary intention healing. The animals were sacrificed following an 8-week healing interval for histological and histometric examination. RESULTS Clinical healing was generally uneventful. Sites receiving rhGDF-5/beta-TCP exhibited a significantly enhanced cementum formation compared with sites receiving the rhPDGF construct, averaging (+/-SD) 4.49+/-0.48 versus 2.72+/-0.91 mm (p<0.001). Similarly, bone regeneration height and area were significantly enhanced at sites receiving rhGDF-5/beta-TCP versus that of the rhPDGF construct averaging, 3.08+/-0.74 versus 1.29+/-0.78 mm (p<0.001) and 6.03+/-1.28 versus 2.98+/-2.61 mm(2) (p<0.01), respectively. Cementum regeneration included cellular/acellular mixed (extrinsic/intrinsic) fibre cementum at sites receiving rhGDF-5/beta-TCP; sites receiving the rhPDGF/beta-TCP showed a pre-dominantly acellular cementum. Newly formed cementum generally extended above the adjoining alveolar bone. Both protocols displayed beta-TCP residues apparently undergoing resorption. Application of both materials appears safe, as they were associated with limited, if any, adverse events. CONCLUSION rhGDF-5/beta-TCP shows a significant potential to support/accelerate periodontal wound healing/regeneration. Application of rhGDF-5/beta-TCP appears safe and should be further evaluated in human clinical trials.
Finding regions of significance in SELDI measurements for identifying protein biomarkers

MOTIVATION There is a well-recognized potential of protein expression profiling using the surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization technology for discovering biomarkers that can be applied in clinical diagnosis, prognosis and therapy prediction. The pre-processing of the raw data, however, is still problematic. METHODS We focus on the peak detection step, where the standard method is marked by poor specificity. Currently, scientists need to inspect individual spectra visually and laboriously in order to verify that spectral peaks identified by the standard method are real. Motivated by this multi-spectral process, we investigate an analytical approach-called RS for 'regions of significance'-that reduces the data to a single spectrum of F-statistics capturing significant variability between spectra. To account for multiple testing, we use a false discovery rate criterion for identifying potentially interesting proteins. RESULTS We show that RS has better operating characteristics than several existing methods and demonstrate routine applications on a number of large datasets.
The REMOTE-control system: a system for reversible and tunable control of endogenous gene expression in mice

Abstract We report here a robust, tunable, and reversible transcription control system for endogenous genes. The REMOTE-control system (Reversible Manipulation of Transcription at Endogenous loci) employs enhanced lac repression and tet activation systems. With this approach, we show in mouse embryonic stem cells that endogenous Dnmt1 gene transcription could be up- or downregulated in a tunable, inducible, and reversible manner across nearly two orders of magnitude. Transcriptional repression of Dnmt1 by REMOTE-control was potent enough to cause embryonic lethality in mice, reminiscent of a genetic knockout of Dnmt1 and could substantially suppress intestinal polyp formation when applied to an ApcMin model. Binding by the enhanced lac repressor was sufficiently tight to allow strong attenuation of transcriptional elongation, even at operators located many kilobases downstream of the transcription start site and to produce invariably tight repression of all of the strong viral/mammalian promoters tested. Our approach of targeting tet transcriptional activators to the endogenous Dnmt1 promoter resulted in robust upregulation of this highly expressed housekeeping gene. Our system provides exquisite control of the level, timing, and cell-type specificity of endogenous gene expression, and the potency and versatility of the system will enable high resolution in vivo functional analyses.
Addressing Hospital Staffing Shortages

abstract Several hospitals face nurse staffi ng shortages for surgeries. This research focuses on building a system with a Baxter robot capable of identifying surgical tools using computer vision and delivering them to the surgeon on demand. This would deal with the issue of nurse unavailability during simple surgical procedures. The key aspects of the project were testing the accuracies of various artifi cial neural networks (ANNs) in classifying surgical instruments and programming Baxter to implement a surgical tool delivery system using magnets at the tip of its 7 degrees of freedom (DOF) robotic arms. The methodology consisted of fi rst implementing algorithms to enable Baxter to do pick and deliver tasks for surgical tools, and second, gathering HuMoments of various tools using the cameras on Baxter's arm, which were then used to train the ANNs. Tool detection accuracies of ANNs with hidden layer neuron number varying from 5–50 and learning rates varying from 0.005‒0.1 were collected. Then, the tool identifi cation and tool delivery system were merged together to create a turn-by-turn dynamic tool tracking and delivery system, which retrieved tools, based on the surgeons input, through a Leap Motion Controller. In addition to delivery, the system was modifi ed to retrieve used tools from the surgeon, using a computer vision-based approach. The optimal ANN confi guration consisted of an ensemble of various ANNs working together and achieved a detection accuracy of 93%. The average time taken for a mock abdominal incision surgery with the system is expected to be around 10 minutes and 30 seconds. Parida, S. (2015). Addressing hospital staffi ng shortages: Dynamic surgical tool tracking and delivery using Baxter. Sthitapragyan (Sid) Parida is a junior in computer engineering and mathematics, interested in the applicability of machine learning algorithms to solve problems that arise in everyday life. He was a participant in the 2014 Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program in Dr. Juan Pablo Wachs' Intelligent Systems and Assistive Technologies (ISAT) Laboratory. Juan Pablo Wachs is an assistant professor at Purdue University, at the School of Industrial Engineering. Previously, he was a postdoctoral fellow at the Naval Postgraduate School's MOVES Institute, where he worked on problems related to body posture recognition, subresolution tracking, and surveillance applications. He completed his PhD on the intelligent systems track, entitled "Hand Gesture Vocabularies Design. " His current focus is on two connected disciplines related to machine vision: intelligent systems and human-machine interfaces. …
The western Australian court diversion service: Client profile and predictors of program completion, sentencing and re‐offending

The Western Australian Court Diversion Service (CDS) is a post‐conviction / pre‐sentence program that aims to divert substance‐using offenders from the prison system and into treatment programs. It has been in operation since 1988, though a formal evaluation has not been conducted. The present study evaluated the outcomes for offenders referred to the program in relation to program completion, sentencing and re‐offending. It utilised a quasi‐experimental within groups design using data from client files from January 1998 to June 1999. Offenders who had higher motivation, attended treatment regularly and had less than 20 prior convictions were more likely to complete the program. A custodial sentence was more likely if the offender was male, had committed a serious offence, had more than 30 prior convictions, had lower motivation and had not completed the CDS program. Predictors of re‐offending included lower motivation and a previous custodial sentence. The offender's level of motivation to change and number of prior convictions were significant predictors of all three outcomes: program completion, sentencing and re‐offending. The findings highlight the importance of considering offender characteristics when assessing eligibility for diversion programs, addressing offender motivation within diversion programs and considering issues of which offenders are most likely to benefit from which programs.
A low-pathogenic avian influenza H6N1 outbreak in a turkey flock in France: a comprehensive case report

Based on a case observed and investigated on a commercial turkey farm in western France in 81-day-old birds, we report the pattern of H6N1 low-pathogenic avian influenza in this species. Diseased birds displayed an acute severe dyspnoea, leading to death by asphyxia of more than 5% of the flock. The most specific pathological feature was a constant diffuse infraorbital sinusitis, along with a focal necrotic exudate inside the lumen of the upper respiratory tract, characterized microscopically as a mixed fibrinous and leucocytic material. Influenza A immunohistochemistry revealed an intense staining of epithelial cells in tracheas, bronchi, air sacs and their luminal necrotic material. While no primary bacterial infection could be detected from diseased turkeys, influenza H6 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis performed on tracheal swabs tested positive. Direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the eight segments showed that this H6N1 virus clustered closely within West European mallards' (group 3) H6 genotypes. A thorough analysis of genetic databases suggests that a regional waterfowl reservoir is likely to play a central role in H6 introductions in poultry farms, whose pathways remain to be elucidated.
Combinatorial Density Functional Theory-Based Screening of Surface Alloys for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

A density functional theory (DFT) -based, combinatorial search for improved oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is presented. A descriptor-based approach to estimate the ORR activity of binary surface alloys, wherein alloying occurs only in the surface layer, is described, and rigorous, potential-dependent computational tests of the stability of these alloys in aqueous, acidic environments are presented. These activity and stability criteria are applied to a database of DFT calculations on nearly 750 binary transition metal surface alloys; of these, many are predicted to be active for the ORR but, with few exceptions, they are found to be thermodynamically unstable in the acidic environments typical of low-temperature fuel cells. The results suggest that, absent other thermodynamic or kinetic mechanisms to stabilize the alloys, surface alloys are unlikely to serve as useful ORR catalysts over extended periods of operation.
Performance Analyzing and Predicting of Network I/O in Xen System

The network I/O operations of a guest domain spend Domain0's processor resource as well as its own processor resource. If no control is placed on the network I/O operations of guest domains, Xen system will likely overload when executing network I/O-intensive workload. To resolve this problem, the allowable network I/O request number of Xen system should be firstly figured out. This paper illuminated the characteristic of Xen system in handling the network I/O operations of guest domains with two experimental results, and established several performance analyzing and predicting models by studying the network I/O procedure and the processor resource consumption distribution of Xen system. These models can compute the allowable number of guest domains with fixed network I/O request number or the allowable network I/O request number of each guest domain based on all idle processor resource of Xen system, and prevent Xen system from overloading. Finally, the applicability of these models is preliminarily analyzed.