Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OLCD: Optimal linear combinational detector in GNSS signal acquisition

Signal acquisition is a process of two-dimensional search in time/frequency domain and signal detection in multiple search bins. The hypothesis testing of current signal acquisition algorithms are made according to correlation of a single bin; however, according to the effect of code phase and Doppler frequency error, signal presence could be detected on multiple bins. Based on the principle, the optimal linear combinational detector (OLCD) without increasing the hardware complexity is proposed. At last, simulation result with common acquisition parameters shows that the acquisition performance of OLCD is about 1 dB better than that of traditional detector.
How to Handle the Crisis in Greece? Empirical Evidence Based on a Survey of Economics Experts

We asked experts from 113 countries polled by the CESifo World Economic Survey for their opinions on how to handle the crisis in Greece. 61.9% of the experts surveyed were not in favour of Greece exiting the Eurozone in the course of the negotiations held in June and July 2015. However, experts in countries such as Germany, the United Kingdom, Sweden, the Czech Republic, Denmark, and Slovakia were in favour of Greece exiting the Eurozone. The share of experts who were in favour of Greece staying in the Eurozone increased to 69.8% in October 2015. 72.4% of experts surveyed believed that the IMF should provide credit to Greece and 83.6% stated that the IMF should engage in economic reform programmes. Econometric evidence shows that experts from those Eurozone countries with high public debt-to-GDP-ratios were less likely to support the Grexit: when the debt-to-GDP-ratio increased by one percentage point, the likelihood of survey participants favouring the Grexit decreased by around 0.35 percentage points. Support for IMF reforms, by contrast, proved far less controversial.
Management Accounting Practices at Hospitality Business in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The rapid changing of business environment lately is significantly. It will change the management accounting practices in an organization. The main focus of management accounting has always been to improve the organization performance and profitability by providing relevant information for planning, controlling and decision making. The more complex business environment should be handled by more sophicticated management accounting practices. International Federation of Accountants or IFAC (1988) stated that there are 4 stages of mangement accounting evolution, which are cost determination and financial control, management planning and control, reduction of waste in business Process and creating value through the effective use of resources. This paper has two main objectives. Firstly, it identifies how the management accounting practices in hospitality business were. Secondly, it reveals the stage of management accounting evoluton in hospitality business. This study uses 30 management accounting tools to represent the current management accounting practices in hospitalty business that represent 5 management functions: cost determination, management planning and control, performance evaluation, decision making and strategic analysis. By using 61 stars hotels, the result indicated that management accounting practices in hospitality business are still dominated by “traditional practices”. Refering to IFAC’s management accounting evolution theory, in general, the management accounting practices in hospitality business were in stage 1 and 2. The study also revealed that there is no difference among stars hotels in costing and planning and control, performance evaluation, decision making and strategic analysis.
Does XBRL Adoption Reduce the Cost of Equity Capital?

XBRL filing reduces investors’ information processing cost. We find that XBRL adoption results in a significant reduction in firms’ cost of equity capital and that this effect is stronger in firms with small size, high growth, low analyst coverage and illiquid stocks. We also show that firms experience an increase in analyst coverage, forecast accuracy and a decrease in forecast dispersion after XBRL adoption. Further, XBRL adoption improves firms’ stock liquidity. Finally, the effect of XBRL adoption on the cost of equity capital, analyst behavior and stock liquidity is weaker for voluntary filers than for mandatory filers. In sum, we provide strong evidence supporting the argument that information processing cost significantly affects the cost of equity capital.
Statistical Analysis on the Determinants of Under Five Mortality in Ethiopia

Over 70% of all under-five deaths occur in Africa and South-East Asia regions. About half of under-five deaths occur in only five countries. One in every 17 Ethiopian children dies before the first birthday, and one in every 11 children dies before the fifth birthday. Therefore, understanding the determinants of under-five mortality is helpful to narrow the gap between different social classes. This study attempts to identify the determinants of under-five mortality in Ethiopia using Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), 2011 data. The survey collected information from a total of 16,515 women aged 15-49 years out of which 9,917 women were considered in this study. To meet the research objectives, descriptive statistics, poisson and negative binomial models were used for data analysis. Each of the two models was compared by a variety of statistical techniques and it was found that negative binomial model was a better fit than the poisson model. Descriptive statistics results show that nationally 34.9% of mothers have faced at least one under-five death. Based on the result of the negative binomial regression model, family size, mother’s educational level, mother’s age at first birth, child’s anaemia status, employment status of mother, type of birth, birth order and vaccination of child were found to be significant determinants of under-five mortality. Father’s educational level, place of residence, sex of child, occupation of father, source of drinking water, place of delivery, availability of toilet facility, wealth index and religion were not statistically significant. The Ministry of Health should work properly to raise the awareness of parents for vaccination, family planning services and efforts should be made to improve mother’s educational level and employment status of mother.
Understanding online firestorms: Negative word-of-mouth dynamics in social media networks

Social media are, on the one hand, a highly beneficial environment for word-of-mouth (WOM) propagation of new ideas and products, and this has increasingly made them a focus of marketing communications. On the other hand, companies and their brands as well as politicians, governmental institutions, and celebrities have increasingly been facing the impact of negative online WOM and complaint behavior. In reaction to any questionable statement or activity, social media users can create huge waves of outrage within just a few hours. These so-called online firestorms pose new challenges for marketing communications. In this article, we group observations from recent online firestorms, identify related social and economic science theories, and derive generalized factors that form the basis for the proliferation of these dynamics. Furthermore, we discuss the consequences of online firestorms for marketing communications, and offer courses of action for marketers to navigate through crises of negative online WOM.
In vitro effect of mitragynine on activity of drug metabolizing enzymes, n-demethylase and glutathione s-transferase in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Mitragynine is the major alkaloid of Mitragyna speciosa Korth. It is responsible for antinociceptive, antidepressant like effects and used as substitute for morphine to treat opium withdrawal. Mitragyna speciosa plant belongs to Rubiaceae family. In Malaysia, the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa are used to treat diarrhea, pain and as cough suppressant. Following experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of mitragynine on aminopyrine N-demethylase and glutathione S-transferase activity in diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) male and female rats. Different concentrations of mitragynine (0.0025µM-250µM) were used to evaluate activity of both enzymes. Collagenase perfusion technique was used to isolate hepatocytes and aminopyrine Ndemethylase activity was determined in hepatocytes by measuring the quantity of formaldehyde formed. Rat livers were taken out and cytosolic fraction was prepared. GST activity was measured in cytosolic fraction by kinetics of thioether product formation over time. Results showed that in diabetic male and female SD rat hepatocytes, a significant (p< 0.05) increase in aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was observed only with 250µM mitragynine. For phase II drug metabolizing enzyme, mitragynine (0.25µM -250µM) significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the GST specific activity in both diabetic male and female rats. In conclusion this study indicates that the aminopyrine N-demethylase enzyme induction and GST activity inhibition by mitragynine is not influenced by sex. Aminopyrine N-demethylase activity increases only on high concentration of mitragynine and lower concentrations cannot be able to change it. However GST activity inhibition is dosedependent.
A web‐based virtual laboratory for teaching automatic control

This paper describes a web‐based virtual laboratory that improves the automatic control teaching of undergraduate courses. This is achieved by optimizing the time the students spend in the real laboratory. The virtual world or three‐dimensional scenes of real laboratory plants gives the students the opportunity to “learning by doing” through web‐based systems at the location they want, and at the time they like. This virtual laboratory gives the students the tools to be more prepared and therefore, use the time more efficiently and effectively when working in the real laboratory plant. The student does not require the installation of special software on his remote computer; only need a common VRML enabled browser. An example of a developed virtual laboratory of interconnected tanks is presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ. 15: 192–197, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20111
Limits to top-down control of phytoplankton by oysters in Chesapeake Bay

Restoration of the oyster Crassostrea virginica population in Chesapeake Bay is often advocated as an easy solution for controlling phytoplankton blooms. Even at their pre-colonial densi- ties, oysters are unlikely to have controlled blooms, despite the fact that sediment cores suggest that pre-colonial spring blooms were smaller than at present. Lack of access to all bay water and low springtime filtration rates would make it impossible for oysters to control the spring bloom and the resulting summer hypoxia. Previous studies have overestimated potential oyster filtration rates, because they extrapolated summer rates to spring conditions that are 20°C cooler. Previous studies have also assumed that oysters have access to all phytoplankton, without considering the spatial sep- aration. In Chesapeake Bay, oysters and the spring bloom are separated horizontally owing to the size of the bay and its small tidal amplitude. Indeed, a multi-species guild of suspension feeders now pre- sent in the bay should have a filtration capacity approaching that of pre-colonial oysters, but it does not control the bloom. Actual oyster filtration potential must be lower than many advocates of oyster restoration assume, and replenishing the bay with oysters is not the means of controlling blooms and hypoxia.
Physician styles of decision-making for a complex condition: Type 2 diabetes with co-morbid mental illness.

RATIONALE AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Variation in physician decisions may reflect personal styles of decision-making, as opposed to singular clinical actions and these styles may be applied differently depending on patient complexity. The objective of this study is to examine clusters of physician decision-making for type 2 diabetes, overall and in the presence of a mental health co-morbidity. METHOD This randomized balanced factorial experiment presented video vignettes of a "patient" with diagnosed, but uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. "Patients" were systematically varied by age, sex, race and co-morbidity (depression, schizophrenia with normal or bizarre affect, eczema as control). Two hundred and fifty-six primary care physicians, balanced by gender and experience level, completed a structured interview about clinical management. RESULTS Cluster analysis identified 3 styles of diabetes management. "Minimalists" (n=84) performed fewer exams or tests compared to "middle of the road" physicians (n=84). "Interventionists" (n=88) suggested more medications and referrals. A second cluster analysis, without control for co-morbidities, identified an additional cluster of "information seekers" (n=15) who requested more additional information and referrals. Physicians ranking schizophrenia higher than diabetes on their problem list were more likely "minimalists" and none were "interventionists" or "information seekers". CONCLUSIONS Variations in clinical management encompass multiple clinical actions and physicians subtly shift these decision-making styles depending on patient co-morbidities. Physicians' practice styles may help explain persistent differences in patient care. Training and continuing education efforts to encourage physicians to implement evidence-based clinical practice should account for general styles of decision-making and for how physicians process complicating comorbidities.
Non-coherent Modelling in Compositional Fault Tree Analysis

Abstract The inclusion of NOT gates in a fault tree creates a “non-coherent” structure in which not only the failure of a component but also the negation of failure, i.e. the working state of the component, can contribute to the undesirable effects on a system. This type of non-coherent modelling remains controversial; its usefulness is still debated among academics, which explains why NOT gates have not been included in the Fault Tree Handbook . In this paper, we review work on non-coherent fault trees and highlight circumstances where non-coherent modelling is appropriate and useful. We then describe an extension to HiP-HOPS (Hierarchically Performed Hazard Origin and Propagation Studies), a recently proposed compositional safety analysis method, that enables model-based synthesis and analysis of non-coherent fault trees. A small example is given to illustrate application of the extended method and demonstrate how this type of non-coherent modelling can give a more precise and ultimately more correct insight into failure behaviour.
Repetitive control to counteract the effect of people on thermal comfort control

People usually spend most of the time inside buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to reach an optimal thermal comfort situation since thermal comfort has a direct effect on people's productivity. The use of appropriate control strategies can highly contribute to this purpose. Usually the own people's influence is not taken into account at the time to maintain an optimal thermal comfort. People enter and leave the building following certain pattern which is repeated from one day to another. This paper presents a Repetitive Control (RC) approach which can counteract this periodic behaviour. This controller anticipates the effects produced by the entries and outputs of the people. Moreover, this controller is complemented by a feedback controller in order to cancel the non periodic disturbances. Simulation results obtained from the application of this control strategy to a characteristic room of a building are included and commented.
DeformWear

Due to their small surfaces, wearable devices make existing techniques for touch input very challenging. This paper proposes deformation input on a tiny and soft surface as an input modality for wearable computing devices. We introduce DeformWear, tiny wearable devices that leverage single-point deformation input on various body locations. Despite the small input surface, DeformWear enables expressive and precise input using high-resolution pressure, shear, and pinch deformations. We present a first set of interaction techniques for tiny deformation-sensitive wearable devices. They enable fluid interaction in a large input space by combining multiple dimensions of deformation. We demonstrate their use in seven application examples, showing DeformWear as a standalone input device and as a companion device for smartwatches, head-mounted displays, or headphones. Results from a user study demonstrate that these tiny devices allow for precise and expressive interactions on many body locations, in standing and walking conditions.
Inverse kinematics and control of 4-degree-of-freedom wire-actuated in vivo robot

Endoscopes have been in use for many clinical procedures including biopsy and limited surgery. A biopsy is one of its most common applications. For more than a decade, research is in continuation on various limitations encountered by surgeons in this area like dexterity, manoeuverability and controlling of the scope tip to bring it to an exact point of interest. Existing endoscopes have limitations in number of degrees of freedom. To counter this problem, a 4-degree-of-freedom in vivo robot has been proposed by the authors earlier. This article presents an inverse kinematic solution of the wire-actuated in vivo robot for trajectory control. For this, a kinematic analysis has been performed and the tip positions were obtained analytically. For a known tip position, the length of the wire to be wrapped and un-wrapped is decided from the relational approach and accordingly the desired pulley rotation is performed using the proportional–derivative controller. Simulations have been carried out for three different cases and satisfying results were obtained.
Expanding Distribution of Lethal Amphibian Fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in Europe

Emerging fungal diseases can drive amphibian species to local extinction. During 2010–2016, we examined 1,921 urodeles in 3 European countries. Presence of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans at new locations and in urodeles of different species expands the known geographic and host range of the fungus and underpins its imminent threat to biodiversity.
A study of right-turn lane capacity influenced by pedestrians at signalized intersections

Pedestrian and bicycle traffic has a great impact on the capacity of right-turn lanes at signalized intersections in large Chinese cities. This paper intends to examine two situations: 1) low bicycle traffic,high pedestrian traffic; 2) a balanced mixture of bicycles and pedestrians. For the first situation,pedestrians become the main factor influencing the capacity of the right-turn lane. For the second situation,both bicycles and pedestrians have a significant impact on the capacity of right-turn lanes. This paper focuses on the first situation. In order to take this impact into account in the capacity calculation,we assumed that all pedestrians obey the traffic regulation, and then analyzed how pedestrians impact right-turn vehicles at signalized intersections. This paper has proposed a new concept of "Pedestrian Group",with which the capacity model of right-turn lanes at signalized intersections is developed based on gap acceptance theory. The study has an important bearing on developing the China's Highway Capacity Manual( HCM).
Ion changes in legume root hairs responding to Nod factors.

The formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules in leguminous plants involves a subtle, two-way interaction between a bacterium and its host plant. The host plant produces signaling molecules, e.g. flavonoids, to which the bacterium responds, generating its own set of signaling molecules, the Nod factors.
Order of Entry and Business Performance: An Empirical Synthesis and Reexamination

One stream of research for order of entry effects focuses on the possibility that the order of entry exerts a direct impact on business performance. A second stream of research, the contingency perspective, debates the merits of whether the order of entry, in combination with other market strategy and marketplace variables, is what actually drives business performance. The findings from studies focusing on possible direct effects offer only mixed evidence in favor of a pioneering advantage. The contingency perspective, however, has not been subjected to systematic, empirical scrutiny. Against this backdrop, the authors conduct a meta-analysis of the pioneering-market share findings and an examination of the contingency perspective of order of entry effects. The findings from the meta-analysis reveal that, on average, earlier entry is associated with greater market share. The findings from the contingency analysis, however, offer evidence suggesting that the contingency perspective is the more valid perspective for capturing the association between order of entry and market share. The authors discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of their findings and several directions for further research.
Comparing drivers of social media marketing adoption by salespeople in Australia and the USA: a pilot study

As social media increasingly penetrate the business world, it is important to identify reasons for salespeople to adopt social media marketing SMM. This pilot study explores the influence of personal innovativeness, social influence, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use in SMM adoption by salespeople in Australia and the USA. Findings do not support the key technology acceptance model TAM determinants of usefulness and ease of use as adoption drivers. Rather, SMM adoption in Australia is affected by social influence from competitors and supervisors, while personal innovativeness is the major driver of SMM adoption in the USA. Both social influence and the extent of SMM adoption affect SMM continuance intentions in the USA, but only the extent of SMM adoption influences such intentions in Australia. The paper also discusses the implications of these findings for sales managers.