Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Segmenting the Japanese Tour Market to Turkey

In recent years, as a newly emerged tourism destination and moderately developed country, Turkey has enjoyed increased visitation from abroad, including Japan. However, there has not been a systematic research effort to understand the travel behavior of Japanese visitors to Turkey. The purpose of this exploratory study was to segment Japanese travelers to Turkey using travel motivations as part of travel behavior descriptors. Theoretical and practical contributions of the motivation factors are discussed within the framework of Iso-Ahola’s arousal theory. The article concludes with marketing and management implications as suggested by the study findings.
Identification of alternatively spliced mRNAs encoding potential new regulatory proteins in cattle infected with bovine leukemia virus

The polymerase chain reaction was used to detect and characterize low-abundance bovine leukemia virus (BLV) mRNAs. In infected cattle we could detect spliced mRNA with a splice pattern consistent with a Tax/Rex mRNA, as well as at least four alternatively spliced RNAs. Two of the alternatively spliced mRNAs encoded hitherto unrecognized BLV proteins, designated RIII and GIV. The Tax/Rex and alternatively spliced mRNAs could be detected at their highest levels in BLV-infected cell cultures; the next highest levels were found in samples from calves experimentally infected at 6 weeks postinoculation. Alternatively spliced mRNAs were also expressed, albeit at lower levels, in naturally infected animals; they were detected by a nested polymerase chain reaction. Interestingly, the GIV mRNA was specifically detected in naturally infected cows with persistent lymphocytosis and in two of five calves at 6 months after experimental infection with BLV. Furthermore, the calf with the strongest signal for GIV had the highest lymphocyte counts. These data may suggest a correlation between expression of the GIV product and development of persistent lymphocytosis. Some of the donor and acceptor sites in the alternatively spliced mRNAs were highly unusual. The biological mechanisms and significance of such a choice of unexpected splice sites are currently unknown.
World Soybean Demand: An Elasticity Analysis and Long-Term Projections

Soybeans are one of the most valuable crops in the world and are characterized by their multi-purpose uses: food, feed, fuel and other industrial usages such as paint, inks, and plastics. Out of 183.9 million tons of world supply/demand of soybeans in 2001-03 year, about 10% of them were directly consumed as food (5.9%) or feed (3.8%) but 84.2% of them were crushed into soyoil and soymeal. Soyoil is mainly processed to vegetable oil for human consumption and recently used as a biodiesel feedstock. Soymeal is used not only as feed for livestock (especially for pork and poultry due to its low fiber level) and aquaculture, but also as a good source of protein for the human diet in a variety of forms in different cultures. This paper analyzes the relationship of the demand for soybeans with economy at country and international levels. We use the county level domestic demand quantities with GDP data and apply an error correction mechanism (ECM) to estimate the long-term elasticities of demand for soybeans in the market/economy. Using the estimated long-term elasticities, the demands for soybeans are projected through 2030.
A polyoma mutant that encodes small T antigen but not middle T antigen demonstrates uncoupling of cell surface and cytoskeletal changes associated with cell transformation

The hr-t gene of polyoma virus encodes both the small and middle T (tumor) antigens and exerts pleiotropic effects on cells. By mutating the 3' splice site for middle T mRNA, we have constructed a virus mutant, Py808A, which fails to express middle T but encodes normal small and large T proteins. The mutant failed to induce morphological transformation or growth in soft agar, but did stimulate postconfluent growth of normal cells. Cells infected by Py808A became fully agglutinable by lectins while retaining normal actin cable architecture and normal levels of extracellular fibronectin. These properties of Py808A demonstrated the separability of structural changes at the cell surface from those in the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix, parameters which have heretofore been linked in the action of the hr-t and other viral oncogenes.
Optimal waypoint scheduling of an imaging satellite

A new result in optimal control is applied to the scheduling of high-resolution imaging of successive ground targets from an orbiting satellite. In the envisioned low-cost satellite application, attitude control is accomplished solely through reaction wheels; there is no thrusting capability. Reaction wheels are particularly suited to pointing applications in which the spacecraft rotates slowly or not at all. To quickly change the pointing direction to a new target, either the reaction wheels must be powerful or the satellite moment of inertia must be small. Design tradeoffs dictate that slew time between targets is not insignificant, reducing the economic value per orbit of the mission. Solving for the optimal solution is complicated by the fact that attitude control dynamics are nonlinear (unit quaternions for attitude and Euler equations for attitude rate), there is limited torque magnitude available to the reaction wheels, and there is the need to periodically dump momentum. The objective of this study is to determine time optimal control policies to slew between scheduled waypoint views. The multiple-interval generalization of Pontryagin ́s Maximum Principle, established in a soonto-be-complete PhD dissertation, is proposed to find the optimal attitude policy. The generalization addresses the total scheduling problem over a given orbit, not just time minimization from waypoint to waypoint. An example based on design characteristics of a small imaging satellite is set up, and solution methods are explored.
Is inflation an international phenomenon

Common shocks, similarities in central bank reaction functions, and international trade potentially produce common components in international inflation rates. This paper characterizes such links in international inflation rates with a dynamic latent factor model that decomposes inflation for 65 countries into world, regional, and idiosyncratic components. The world component accounts for 34% of inflation variability on average across countries, although the importance of this global factor differs substantially across countries. Variables that reflect policy as well as economic and financial development strongly explain the cross-section variation in the relative importance of global influences. A parsimonious model of time variation in the factor loadings shows that most countries became more sensitive to international inflation influences over 1951 2006. In addition, European-specific influences became more important over time for countries participating in European economic and monetary integration.
An Approximate Closed-Form Transfer Function Model for Diverse Differential Interconnects

This paper presents an approximate closed-form transfer function model for diverse differential interconnects. The proposed model is simple, intuitive, and can accurately describe various interconnects satisfying the validity conditions which theoretically bound the approximation error. The proposed model also provides a conceptual circuit representation by analogy with an equivalent circuit model of a single-ended interconnect. The model's accuracy is verified by comparing calculated through- and crosstalk-transfer functions against w-element SPICE simulation results for various LC-dominant and RC-dominant interconnects. Our analysis also empirically verifies that the approximation error is bounded by the validity parameters. In addition, the computation time is improved by about 157 times compared to that of the previous numerical computation method built-in SPICE simulator. With the proposed channel model, designers can easily understand and analyze the behaviors of various differential interconnects without complex analysis.
Harmonic Compensation Using On-Line Bacterial Foraging Optimization Based Three-Phase Active Power Filter

The active power filter has gained much more attention because of its effective performance to mitigate the harmonics. This paper presents shunt active power filter (SAPF) controlled by PI controller to compensate the harmonics. Also, it introduces a new artificial intelligent technique called Bacterial Foraging Optimization to optimize the parameters of the PI-controller through on-line self-adaptive self-tuning algorithm. This robust control scheme of the system makes improvement in the behavior of the active filter to eliminate the harmonic currents which occurred by the nonlinear loads in the electric grid. The hysteresis non- linear current control method is used to generate the pulse gate required to drive PWM current-controlled voltage-source inverter of SAPF. Matlab/Simulink software package is used as a simulation to test and simulate the proposed system. Through the simulation results, it is observed that the response of the PI controller based on-line bacteria foraging optimization is quite satisfactory.
The public value approach to strategic management

Abstract In an environment of resource constraints and constant change, the museum manager's role is as a strategist, managing and adapting the assets of the organization toward maximum value creation. Mark Moore's public value model, the Strategic Triangle, provides the most comprehensive framework for strategic management in the public and nonprofit sectors. According to Moore, bad strategy or strategic failure in the public sector results when the organization's goals do not mirror the community's desires, the organization is unable to produce the desired good or service, or what is produced has no long-term public value. The authors demonstrate the use of the Strategic Triangle as an adaptive strategy framework that museum managers and other public and nonprofit executives can use to continuously position and reposition their organizations in a changing environment. The model accounts for the unique characteristics of museums and other public organizations, and can provide a useful framework as leaders strive to better articulate their goals and contributions and measure the value the patrons place on their experiences.
DoE simulations and measurements with the microDAC stress chip for material and package investigations

The in-situ detection of failures in microelectronic packages in an experiment is still a big challenge. The reliability of most packages will be qualified by measuring the electrical resistance of daisy chain structures. The moment of failure in the electrical sig-nals or the changes in the resistance are used for reliability or lifetime estimations. But the correlation of electrical resistance in the metallization and the packages or system reliability is very low. Extremely time-consuming investigation is needed to localize package failure after the experiment.Therefore, a chip, the MicroDAC stress chip, has been developed in a publicly funded project that is able to measure stress induced by thermo-mechanical loads. Different components of the stress tensor can be read out, as e.g. the in-plane stress difference and the in-plane shear stress on the chip surface within a 300 µm grid. This enables in-situ determination of the stress state even when the die is packaged and molded over. Residual stresses induced by processing steps as well as degradation within the materi-als or interfaces can thus be detected and measured. /1; 2/. A further advantage is the simple read out procedure which needs only four wire bond or flip-chip bump connec-tions. With this chip it is possible to get answers about what happened with the package during the temperature cycling tests. How fast is the failure growing from one cycle to the next and when is the failure mechanism changing in the experiment? What is the influence of vibration or moisture on the stress?
Determination of both the time constant of v̇O2 and Δv̇O2/ΔW from a single incremental exercise test: validation and repeatability

A single incremental cycle exercise test including a steady‐state load, combined with respiratory gas exchange, was performed with the objective of determining the time constant (o2) and the amount of oxygen required at each load (o2/ΔW) by using a novel equation. The protocol was validated using four exercise tests at different constant loads and conventionally fitted mono‐exponential functions to determine o2, and interpolation of o2 versus load to determine o2/ΔW. No significant differences were seen between the means of either o2 or o2/ΔW determined with the two protocols. The correlation coefficient was 0·62 for o2 and 0·48 for o2/ΔW. The absolute differences (2 SD) were 11·6 s for o2 and 1·1 ml min−1 W−1 for o2/ΔW. The equations were compared in the same steady‐state test and good agreement of o2 was obtained (R = 0·99). The 5–6‐week repeatability (incremental test) was evaluated. No statistical differences were seen between the mean of the repeated tests. The difference between the tests (2 SD) were 20 s for o2 and 1·2 ml min−1 W−1 for o2/ΔW. In conclusion, o2 and o2/ΔW can be determined from a single incremental test. The validation showed an acceptable agreement, although the variations in absolute values were not negligible. This could partly be explained by the natural day‐to‐day variation and fluctuations in incoming raw data. The test–retest variation in absolute values was considerable, which must be taken into account when using o2 and o2/ΔW for evaluation of aerobic function.
“Being Able to Speak”: What Individuals in Jail Perceived as Helpful about Participating in Alcohol-Related Brief Interventions

Background: A significant proportion of individuals within the criminal justice system meet criteria for a substance use disorder. Treatments for individuals who are incarcerated with substance use disorders show minimal to no benefit on postrelease outcomes, suggesting a need to improve their effectiveness, particularly those that can be delivered in a brief format. The purpose of this study was to describe what individuals in jail with substance use disorders perceived as being helpful about 2 brief alcohol-focused interventions, which can be used to inform future treatments with this population. Methods: Data came from a parent study where 58 individuals in jail with substance use disorders received either a motivational or educational intervention focused on alcohol and other substance use and then completed a questionnaire assessing what was most and least helpful about the interventions. Qualitative responses were coded using a grounded theory approach. Results: Results indicated that participants from both interventions reported that receiving individualized attention and talking one-on-one with someone was helpful, and that the interventions were encouraging and elicited hope. There also were specific components from each intervention that participants said were beneficial, including the opportunity to discuss plans for postrelease and to learn about addiction from psychoeducational videos. Participants noted areas for improving future interventions. Suggestions from participants were to offer tangible resources upon release, make session lengths flexible, and reduce assessment burden during research interviews. Conclusions: Findings align with established approaches for working with marginalized groups, namely, community-based participatory research methods and shared decision-making models for treatment. This study provided a voice to individuals in jail with substance use disorders, a group often underrepresented in the literature, and may offer an initial look at how to improve treatments for this high-risk population.
Ataxia‐telangiectasia: linkage analysis of chromosome 11q22‐23 markers in Turkish families

To further pinpoint the location of the genes for ataxia‐telangiectasia on the long arm of chromosome 11, we performed linkage analysis and analysis of recombinants of genetic haplotypes on 14 Turkish families with ataxia‐telangiectasia, 12 of which were consanguineous. These studies used more than 25 polymorphic genetic markers spanning a region of the long arm of chromosome 11 that is larger than 50 cM. Seven markers gave significant LOD scores to AT: CJ5, DRD2, CJ208, S144, CD3E, PBGD, and S147, as did haplotypes created with pairs of markers DRD2/CJ5 and S144/CJ208, giving recombination fractions (Ø) of 0.00, 0.00, 0.05, 0.08, 0.03, 0.09, 0.07, 0.00, and 0.06, respectively. Monte Carlo analysis of these 14 Turkish families indicated the best location for a single AT gene to be within a 6 cM sex‐averaged (3 cM male‐specific) interval defined by STMY and CJ77; this was three times more likely than the next most likely location (peak III) at the DRD2 locus. The analysis also revealed a peak (peak II) between S147 and S133, which may represent the complementation group D gene. Recombinant analysis of haplotypes also localized an AT locus to the STMY‐CJ77 interval. Taken together, these results suggest that at least two distinct AT loci exist (ATA and ATD) at 11q22‐23, with perhaps a third locus, ATC, located very near to the ATA gene. This genetic heterogeneity further complicates plans to isolate the major ATA and ATC genes and to begin identifying AT carriers in the general population. — Sanal, O. , Lange, E. , Telatar, M. , Sobel, E. , Salazar‐Novak, J., Ersoy, F. , Morrison, A. , Concannon, P., Tolun, A. , Gatti, R. A. Ataxia‐telangiectasia: linkage analysis of chromosome 11q22‐23 markers in Turkish families. FASEB J. 6: 2848‐2852; 1992.
Antiretroviral drug resistance and phylogenetic diversity of HIV‐1 in Chile

This study reports the analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) coding sequences from 136 HIV‐1‐infected subjects from Chile, 66 (49%) of them under antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. The prevalence of mutations conferring high or intermediate resistance levels to ARVs was 77% among treated patients and 2.5% among drug‐naïve subjects. The distribution of resistance prevalence in treated patients by drug class was 61% to nucleoside RT inhibitors, 84% to nonnucleoside RT inhibitors, and 46% to PR inhibitors. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 115 (85%) subjects were infected with subtype B viruses, 1 with a subtype F1 virus, and 20 (15%) carried BF intersubtype recombinants. Most BF recombinants grouped into two clusters, one related to CRF12_BF, while the other could represent a new circulating recombinant form (CRF). In conclusion, this is the first report analysing the prevalence of ARV resistance which includes patients under HAART from Chile. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of the PR–RT coding sequences reveals the presence of BF intersubtype recombinants. J. Med. Virol. 79: 647–656, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Export externalities and economic growth

Feder formulated the first model with an explicit mechanism connecting international trade and economic growth. We present new econometric estimates of this unique model for 30 developing countries studied by Feder. We replicate Feder's 1964 – 73 cross-section estimates for 1974 – 83 and 1984 – 93 and find that the export variables lose significance and that the model has less explanatory power overall. We also try to improve on time-series estimates by Ram and find that the coefficient of Feder's total factor productivity differential in favour of the export sector was positive and significant for 18 of the 30 countries. The export externality coefficient proved to be positive and significant in 13 countries although significant multicollinearity occurs in the regressions for eight of the 13. Comparisons of the results among countries suggest that the impact of exports on growth depends on population size, trade orientation, and the importance of manufacturing.
Epilepsy: behavioural, psychological, and ketogenic diet treatments.

INTRODUCTION About 3% of people will be diagnosed with epilepsy during their lifetime, but about 70% of people with epilepsy eventually go into remission. METHODS AND OUTCOMES We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of behavioural and psychological treatments in people with epilepsy? What are the effects of ketogenic diets in people with epilepsy? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to April 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version). RESULTS Searching of electronic databases retrieved 259 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 253 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 208 studies and the further review of 45 full publications. Of the 45 full articles evaluated, six systematic reviews and seven RCTs were included at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for six PICO combinations. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic overview we categorised the efficacy for seven interventions, based on information relating to the effectiveness and safety of: biofeedback, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), educational programmes, family counselling, ketogenic diet, relaxation therapy (alone or plus behavioural modification therapy), and yoga.
Protein Interaction Network as a System of Linear Equations

Research in Protein Interactions has revealed that these interactions can be considered in the form of a network and that there exists proteins with various degrees of connectivity in the network. In this paper a set of proteins sequences are treated as a system of linear equations to see whether there exist any relation between the degree of connectivity and the amino acid frequencies of protein sequences. The application of this method on a set of functional proteins revealed that there exists such a relation. Moreover this method paves a way to identify highly connected (hub) proteins from its sequence information.
An evaluation of the recovery of criminal proceeds in the United Kingdom

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how effective the four mechanisms of UK criminal asset recovery are – confiscation, cash forfeiture, civil recovery and taxation – and whether they, or their application, might be enhanced.Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on both the author's own practical experience of involvement in criminal asset recovery in the UK, and other published material in the field.Findings – While an increasing amount is being recovered from criminals by the various agencies involved in the recovery of criminal assets, there is clearly more that can be achieved with the tools provided. In order to do so, there requires to be change at a number of levels, including legislative, structural and cultural.Practical implications – The paper identifies a number of challenges, which need to be met if asset forfeiture is to fulfil its potential to reduce crime.Originality/value – The paper combines a strategic overview as to whether the mechanisms of asset recovery are acc.