Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finite element simulations of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy machining to assess material model parameters of the Johnson-Cook constitutive equation

The machining of titanium alloys poses several inherent difficulties owing to their unique mechanical properties and cutting characteristics. Finite element (FE) simulations have reduced the burden of extensive experimental trials in understanding the deformation behavior and optimize the cutting process. The FE code relies on the qualitative nature of inputs such as material flow stress model, friction conditions, fracture criterions and the accuracy of the modeling process. The aim of this paper is to assess the performance of four material model sets of the Johnson-Cook (JC) constitutive equation in modeling the deformation behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy. The FE output at steady state conditions is compared with results from orthogonal cutting experiments on a tube of the work material. The effect of the parameters of the JC law and the capabilities of the constitutive equation are analyzed. The FE model is excellent in predicting the effective stress, strain and temperature, but produces marginal deviations in cutting force and chip morphology predictions and under predicts the feed forces. The material model constants computed through an evolutionary computational optimization process and those with conditions similar to machining produced good correlation with experiments.
Layering Security at Global Control Points to Secure Unmodified Software

Developing secure software is inherently difficult, and is further hampered by a rush to market, the lack of cybersecurity-trained architects and developers, and the difficulty of identifying flaws and deploying mitigations. To address these problems, we advocate for an alternative paradigm–layering security onto applications from global control points, such as the browser, operating system, or network. This approach adds security to existing applications, relieving developers of this burden. The benefits of this paradigm are three-fold–(1) increased correctness in the implementation of security features, (2) coverage for all software, even non-maintained legacy software, and (3) more rapid and consistent deployment of threat mitigations and new security features. To demonstrate these benefits, we describe three concrete instantiations of this paradigm– MessageGuard, a system that layers end-to-end encryption in the browser; TrustBase, a system that layers authentication in the operating system; and software-defined perimeter, which layers access control at network middleboxes.
Development of graphene FETs for high frequency electronics

Recent advances in fabricating, measuring, and modeling of top-gated graphene FETs for high-frequency electronics are reviewed. By improving the oxide deposition process and reducing series resistance, an intrinsic cut-off frequency as high as 50 GHz is achieved in a 350-nm-gate graphene FET at a drain bias of 0.8 V. This fT value is the highest frequency reported to date for any graphene transistor, and it also exceeds that of Si MOSFETs at the same gate length, illustrating the potential of graphene for RF applications.
PNAS Plus Significance Statements

DNA transposons move from one genomic location to another using a transposase. A regulatory protein might assist in target selection and avoiding self-destruction. MuB is the regulatory protein of Mu transposon. Here we report that MuB is an AAA+ (ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities) ATPase and forms right-handed helical filaments around DNA. The helical parameters of MuB and DNA are mismatched and their interactions are nonuniform. We propose (pp. E2441–E2450) that enhanced ATP hydrolysis by MuB, induced by contacts with the MuA-transposon-end complex, leads to DNA deformation and bending at the MuB filament end, thus creating a favored target for transposition.
Body fat distribution in perinatally HIV-infected and HIV-exposed but uninfected children in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: outcomes from the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND Associations between abnormal body fat distribution and clinical variables are poorly understood in pediatric HIV disease. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to compare total body fat and its distribution in perinatally HIV-infected and HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children and to evaluate associations with clinical variables. DESIGN In a cross-sectional analysis, children aged 7-16 y in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study underwent regionalized measurements of body fat via anthropometric methods and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate body fat by HIV, with adjustment for age, Tanner stage, race, sex, and correlates of body fat in HIV-infected children. Percentage total body fat was compared with NHANES data. RESULTS Males accounted for 47% of the 369 HIV-infected and 51% of the 176 HEU children. Compared with HEU children, HIV-infected children were older, were more frequently non-Hispanic black, more frequently had Tanner stage ≥3, and had lower mean height (-0.32 compared with 0.29), weight (0.13 compared with 0.70), and BMI (0.33 compared with 0.63) z scores. On average, HIV-infected children had a 5% lower percentage total body fat (TotF), a 2.8% lower percentage extremity fat (EF), a 1.4% higher percentage trunk fat (TF), and a 10% higher trunk-to-extremity fat ratio (TEFR) than did the HEU children and a lower TotF compared with NHANES data. Stavudine use was associated with lower EF and higher TF and TEFR. Non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor use was associated with higher TotF and EF and lower TEFR. CONCLUSION Although BMI and total body fat were significantly lower in the HIV-infected children than in the HEU children, body fat distribution in the HIV-infected children followed a pattern associated with cardiovascular disease risk and possibly related to specific antiretroviral drugs.
Deep Knowledge Representation based on Compositional Semantics for Chinese Geography

Elementary education resources for geography contain a wealth of knowledge that is a collection of information with various relationships. It is of vital importance to further develop human like intelligent technology for extracting deep semantic information to effectively understand the questions. In this paper, we propose a novel directed acyclic graph (DAG) deep knowledge representation built upon the theorem of combinational semantics. Knowledge is decomposed into nodes and edges which are then inserted into the ontology knowledge base. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method on question answering, especially when the syntax of question is complex, and its representation is fuzzy.
Accurate bolus arrival time estimation using piecewise linear model fitting

Dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) is an emerging radiological technique, which consists in acquiring a rapid sequence of CT images, shortly after the injection of an intravenous contrast agent. The passage of the contrast agent in a tissue results in a varying CT intensity over time, recorded in time-attenuation curves (TACs), which can be related to the contrast supplied to that tissue via the supplying artery to estimate the local perfusion and permeability characteristics. The time delay between the arrival of the contrast bolus in the feeding artery and the tissue of interest, called the bolus arrival time (BAT), needs to be determined accurately to enable reliable perfusion analysis. Its automated identification is however highly sensitive to noise. We propose an accurate and efficient method for estimating the BAT from DCE-CT images. The method relies on a piecewise linear TAC model with four segments and suitable parameter constraints for limiting the range of possible values. The model is fitted to the acquired TACs in a multiresolution fashion using an iterative optimization approach. The performance of the method was evaluated on simulated and real perfusion data of lung and rectum tumours. In both cases, the method was found to be stable, leading to average accuracies in the order of the temporal resolution of the dynamic sequence. For reasonable levels of noise, the results were found to be comparable to those obtained using a previously proposed method, employing a full search algorithm, but requiring an order of magnitude more computation time.
Toward Intelligent Traffic Light Control with Quality-of-Service Provisioning

Today's fixed-cycle traffic signaling is highly suboptimal and aggravates traffic congestion and waste of energy in urban areas. In addition, it offers no quality-of-service guarantee and makes travel time prediction extremely hard. While existing traffic light control research primarily focuses on improving the average wait time of cars, we study in this paper how traffic light scheduling affects the worst-case wait time. In particular, we derive the time a car spends at an intersection in the best-case and the worst-case, respectively. Using the theoretical results, we propose a simple but effective controller and run simulation to verify its performance. The result shows that it works much better than fixed-cycle controllers in both light and heavy traffic scenarios.
Non-cooperative game for power allocation in interfering wireless networks

We investigate the power allocation problem in interfering wireless networks. In the network, there are multiple sources with each transmitting to multiple destinations. By proposing a game, we are able to allocate power for each destination in a distributed way. Due to the possibility that the feasible set can be empty, our game can terminate the power allocation process upon detecting any infeasibility. We show that our game allocates power in a way such that the total transmit power is minimized. In general, the game works for interfering networks with arbitrary interference cancellation for the transmissions from the same source. As examples, we consider two schemes, namely interference transmission and cooperative broadcasting interference transmission. For converging cases, the schemes require within 60 iterations for convergence for over 90% of realizations. For cases without feasible solutions, the schemes require within 6 iterations for detecting the infeasibility for over 90% of realizations.
Blood Doping: Risks to Athletes’ Health and Strategies for Detection

Blood doping has been defined as the misuse of substances or certain techniques to optimize oxygen delivery to muscles with the aim to increase performance in sports activities. It includes blood transfusion, administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents or blood substitutes, and gene manipulations. The main reasons for the widespread use of blood doping include: its availability for athletes (erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and blood transfusions), its efficiency in improving performance, and its difficult detection. This article reviews and discusses the blood doping substances and methods used for in sports, the adverse effects related to this practice, and current strategies for its detection.
Predictors of succes at the smoking cessation outpatient clinic at Medisch Spectrum Twente

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is a habit that causes many health hazards, such as pulmonary diseases. Smoking cessation interventions are very common nowadays. Medisch Spectrum Twente has instated a smoking cessation outpatient clinic. Patients are counseled and assisted in their efforts to quit smoking. The present study aims to describe the population at the outpatient clinic and test several possible predictors of success. METHOD: At baseline, two questionnaires were administered. The Smoking Related Questionnaire was used to measure smoking related behaviors and demographic data, and Beck’s Depression Inventory measured depression scores. Smoking cessation outcomes were extracted from patient files. No follow-up measure was conducted. Predictors were independently tested using independent samples t-tests. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to test significant results simultaneously. RESULTS: Significant results found independently were: the first quartile of age (t(124)=2.248, p=. 026), self-efficacy (t(131)=3,455, p=0,001), and depression (t(123)=-3,649, p<0,000). Binary logistic regression analysis using these three predictors proposed an acceptable model (Chi square (3) = 18.05, p<0.001) using these predictors. An R-square of . 196 was found. Only depression remained statistically significant in this analysis (OR=1.10, p=.01). DISCUSSION: Depression scores can be used to predict smoking cessation outcomes in this sample, however, the proportion of variance explained is not high, and differences between groups on depression scores were not clinically significant. Lack of follow-up measurements and unstandardized interventions limit the generalizability of this study.
Efficient resource scheduling in microcellular CDMA systems

We consider the combined control of mobile stations' transmitter power and bit rate in CDMA microcells. The objective is to maximize the number of QoS-satisfied mobile users. We discuss the additional aid offered by the combined scheme over the power-only method in utilizing the scarce radio resources efficiently. Next, we review the problems associated with the microcellular environment and users' mobility in a Manhattan-like street grid. We demonstrate through system level simulations the significant enhancements over the established power-only control scheme. Both spectrum efficiency and system capacity are improved for multimedia services having diverse QoS requirements.
Deep Vein Thrombosis After Total Hip Arthroplasty and Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Previous Ischemic Stroke

The present study evaluated the prevalence and therapy of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in 57 patients with previous ischemic stroke. Postoperative anticoagulants were used for DVT prophylaxis, and batroxobin and prolonged anticoagulants were used for thrombolysis in DVT subjects. The incidence of DVT after THA and TKA in patients with previous ischemic stroke was 16.2% and 20%, respectively. No bleeding complications were observed and no new ischemic stroke occurred during the following 3 months. The prevalence DVT after THA and TKA in patients with previous ischemic stroke was not specific, and the treatment of DVT with batroxobin and anticoagulants was effective and safe.
Serum lactate dehydrogenase as a prognostic biomarker in patients with Ewing ’ s sarcoma : a meta-analysis

Purpose: The prognostic value of serum Lactate dehydrogenase (sLDH) in Ewing sarcoma (ES) has been studied worldwide during these years and provided un-uniformed conclusions. Methods: Comprehensive literature was selected from PUBMED, EMBASE and WEB OF KNOWLEDGE. Clinical studies which reported analysis of survival data about sLDH in ES were included. Stata 12.0 was used for performing a meta-analysis on evaluating the relation between LDH and clinical staging, overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS). Results: A total of 13 articles, including 2395 patients who satisfied inclusion criteria were analyzed. The result showed that high concentration of sLDH was related to a bad OS (HR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.68-2.22) and a extremely worse DFS (HR = 5.96, 95% CI 3.37-10.54). The subgroup analysis on different location of ES suggested the prognosis of extremity group (HR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.67-2.34) was better than axial skeleton group (HR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.67-2.48). Another subgroup analysis suggested that it was even worse prognosis (HR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.74-2.55) when distant metastasis percents > 30% than distant metastasis percents < 30% (HR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.69-2.28). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sLDH can be regarded as a poor prognostic maker for ES and may represent a important new therapeutic target.
Effects of Permissive Hypercapnia on Pulmonary Mechanics and Hemodynamics during Mechanical Ventilation in Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Objectives: To evaluate effects of permissive hypercapnia (PHC) on pulmonary mechanics and hemodynamics in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: We observed the influence of different tidal volumes (V T ) on pulmonary mechanics and hemodynamics in 10 patients with severe ARDS. Results: PHC was induced by decreasing V T from 10 - 12 ml/kg (routine V T ) to 6 - 8 ml/kg (small V T ). Arterial oxygen pressure and saturation remained unchanged, but pulmonary venous admixture was increased (p < 0.05). Airway plateau pressure and mean pressure were also decreased markedly. C 20 /C, which reflects lung overdistention, was increased significantly. Mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure and pulmonary arterial pressure were not changed, while systemic vascular resistance index was decreased markedly (p < 0.05). Cardiac index (CI) and oxygen delivery (DO 2 ) were increased (p < 0.05), while oxygen consumption remained unchanged. Conclusions: PHC, which was induced by small V T , might prevent lung overdistention and led to an increase in CI and DO 2 .
Multiple types of GABAA responses identified from zebrafish Mauthner cells

&ggr;-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) binds to ionotropic GABAA receptors to mediate fast inhibitory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS). GABAA receptors are pentameric structures composed of receptor subunits (&agr;1–6, &bgr;1–3, &ggr;1–3, &dgr;, &egr;, &thgr;, &pgr;, &rgr;1–3) with various stoichiometries. They play important roles in the control of neural networks and are the pharmacological targets for the treatment of diseases such as epilepsy, autism, and schizophrenia. Thus far, there has been no report on GABA synaptic transmission in developing zebrafish. Here we used whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology to record GABAA-mediated miniature postsynaptic currents from the Mauthner cells of embryonic zebrafish. Spontaneous GABAA currents occurred infrequently and were low in amplitude (27.2±0.9 pA). Analysis of their kinetics suggested the existence of three main types of events: the first (group I) is mediated by a single type of receptor with decay kinetics of 54±1.6 ms; the second (group II) is also mediated by a single receptor type, but exhibits significantly longer decay kinetics (151±7.2 ms); and the third type of synapse (group III) contains multiple receptor types with fast (&tgr;1=28.7±2.5 ms) and slow (&tgr;2=153±11 ms) kinetics. Thus, for the first time, we report the properties of GABA synaptic currents associated with the Mauthner cells of zebrafish.
Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology Collapsing SNP Genotypes in Case-Control Genome-Wide Association Studies Increases the Type I Error Rate and Power

Genome-wide association studies are now widely used tools to identify genes and/or regions which may contribute to the development of various diseases. With case-control data a 2x3 contingency table can be constructed for each SNP to perform genotype-based tests of association. An increasingly common technique to increase the power to detect an association is to collapse each 2x3 table into a table assuming either a dominant or recessive mode of inheritance (2x2 table). We consider three different methods of determining which genetic model to choose and show that each of these methods of collapsing genotypes increases the type I error rate (i.e., the rate of false positives). However, one of these methods does lead to an increase in power compared with the usual genotypeand allele-based tests for most genetic models.
Fusion of uniluminal vascular spheroids: A model for assembly of blood vessels

We evaluated the self‐assembly properties of uniluminal vascular spheroids having outer layers of vascular smooth muscle cells and a contiguous inner layer of endothelial cells lining a central lumen. We showed that while pairs of uniluminal vascular spheroids suspended in culture medium fused to form a larger diameter spheroidal structure, spheroids in collagen hydrogels formed elongated structures. These findings highlight the potential use of uniluminal vascular spheroids as modules to engineer blood vessels. We also demonstrate that uniluminal vascular spheroid fusion conforms to models describing the coalescence of liquid drops. Furthermore, the fusion of uniluminal vascular spheroids in vitro closely resembled the in vivo process by which the descending aorta forms from the fusion of the paired dorsal aortae during embryonic development. Together, the findings indicate that tissue liquidity underlies uniluminal vascular spheroid fusion and that in vivo anastomosis of blood vessels may involve a similar mechanism. Developmental Dynamics 239:398–406, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strategic Utilization of Multifunctional Carbene for Direct Synthesis of Carboxylic–Phosphinic Mixed Anhydride from CO2

Abstract Direct synthesis of carboxylic–phosphinic mixed anhydrides has been achieved by treating carbon dioxide with N‐phosphine oxide‐substituted imidazolylidenes (PoxIms) that contain both nucleophilic carbene and electrophilic phosphorus moieties. This novel mixed anhydride was efficiently derivatized into an ester, an amide, and an unsymmetrical ketone via transformation into its corresponding imidazolium salt followed by a dual substitution reaction. The presented work used well‐designed multifunctional carbene reagents to establish a novel utility for carbon dioxide in organic synthesis.
Modèle de graphe et modèle de langue pour la reconnaissance de scènes visuelles

Dans cet article, nous decrivons une methode pour utiliser un modele de langue sur des graphes pour la recherche et la categorisation d’images. Nous utilisons des regions d’images (associees automatiquement a des concepts visuels), ainsi que des relations spatiales entre ces regions, lors de la construction de la representation sous forme de graphe des images. Notre methode gere differents scenarios, selon que des images isolees ou groupees sont utilisees comme base d’apprentissage ou de test. Les resultats obtenus sur un probleme de categorisation d’images montrent (a) que la procedure automatique qui associe les concepts a une image est efficace, et (b) que l’utilisation des relations spatiales, en plus des concepts, permet d’ameliorer la qualite de la classification. Cette approche presente donc une extension du modele de langue classique en recherche d’information pour traiter le probleme de recherche et de categorisation d’images non annotees, representees par des graphes.
Exploring the Relationships between Annual Earnings and Subjective Expressions in US Financial Statements

Subjective assertions in financial statements influence the judgments of market participants when they assess the value and profitability of the reporting corporations. Hence, the managements of corporations may attempt to conceal the negative and to accentuate the positive with "prudent" wording. To excavate this accounting phenomenon hidden behind financial statements, we designed an artificial intelligence based strategy to investigate the linkage between financial status measured by annual earnings and subjective multi-word expressions (MWEs). We applied the conditional random field (CRF) models to identify opinion patterns in the form of MWEs, and our approach outperformed previous work employing unigram models. Moreover, our novel algorithms take the lead to discover the evidences that support the common belief that there are inconsistencies between the implications of the written statements and the reality indicated by the figures in the financial statements. Unexpected negative earnings are often accompanied by ambiguous and mild statements and sometimes by promises of glorious future.