Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of TCP-Like Congestion Control Algorithm

A class of Internet TCP-like congestion control algorithms with communication delays is studied. A critical value of the delay to ensure the stability of Internet is presented by analyzing the algorithm with communication delay. The new dynamics of the algorithm is analyzed when the stable conditions are destroyed by enlarging the delay across the critical value. Finally, a numerical simulation is used to verify the theoretical results. Our results have shown that the communication delay is one of the key factors to affect the quality of service (QoS) of Internet and plays an important role in communicating process of Internet
‘Oh man, I need TV when I got T. Rex’: Bowie and Bolan’s otherworldly carnivalesque intermediality

ABSTRACT David Bowie and Marc Bolan were peers in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s, and during that time, they were sources for each other’s work. Perhaps due to Bolan’s own output being thus far relatively under-researched, Bowie’s relationship with him has also, until now, not been explored in scholarly depth. Thus, their mutual intermediality has also been overlooked. In exploring the links between the two artists, I argue that in particular, Bowie adopted and adapted Bolan’s early glam aesthetic, and further to this, that they drew upon each other’s carnivalesque personae, visual aesthetic, thematics and narrative structures. I argue that the intermediality between Bowie and Bolan also extended to a recognition, particularly within Bowie’s work, of each other’s media stardom. Theories of the carnivalesque, dialogism, and intertextuality provide the critical framework for what I contend is a dialogue between the two artists, in which they contributed to each other’s mythology and immortalised each other as the most important stars of the glam rock genre.
Parameter Optimization of Frequency Domain Narrowband Interference Suppression Algorithm in Satellite Navigation Receivers

When the satellite navigation signals' interference power exceeds the receiver interference tolerance, the interference must be suppressed to ensure that the receiver works normally. Through analyzing the principle of the overlap window-based frequency domain narrowband interference suppression algorithm, this paper proposes using the reverse windowing approach to reduce the satellite signal distortion, and gives the selection basis of the frequency-domain FFT points combined with engineering practice, to further reduce the impact on self-correlation property of signal and local PN code.
Adding Semantics to Data-Driven Paraphrasing : Supplementary Material

We use Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to collect labels for our phrase pairs. We show each pair to 5 independent workers, and ask each worker to use their best judgement to label the relationship that holds between the words. The workers were asked to choose one of 7 relations, or to mark that “I cannot tell. ” The exact options given to the workers are shown in Figure 1. These options are based on the natural logic relations described, although with some simplifications. We omit the cover relation entirely, as its practicality is not obvious, and we replace “negation” with the weaker notion of “antonyms” or “opposites. ” Workers showed moderate agreement overall, with Fleiss’s κ = 0.56 (Landis and Koch, 1977). Table 1 gives agreements for each relation individually. We take the majority label for each pair as the true label, breaking ties at random. Ties occurred in about 25% of cases.
On Bayesian estimation of spectral components for broadband noise reduction in audio signals

Short-time spectral attenuation is a common form of audio signal enhancement in which a time-varying filter, or suppression rule, is applied to the frequency-domain transform of a corrupted signal. Here we review suppression rules derived under a Gaussian statistical model and interpret them in a Bayesian framework. In particular, the Ephraim and Malah spectral amplitude estimator is both optimal in a minimum mean-square error sense and well-known for its associated colourless residual noise. However, its implementation requires the evaluation of computationally expensive exponential and Bessel functions. Here we show that under the same modelling assumptions, alternative methods of Bayesian estimation lead to suppression rules exhibiting almost identical behaviour. We derive three such rules and show that, in addition to permitting an efficient implementation, they also yield a more intuitive interpretation.
Local Likelihood for Interval-Censored Recurrent Event Data

1 Summary. Interval-censored recurrent event data arise when event occurence is only determined at periodic assessment times. Nonparametric estimates of rate and mean functions are readily obtained in this settings, but lack the smoothness usually anticipated for the underlying event process. We describe local likelihood methods which generate smooth estimates of rate and mean functions, and associated covariate effects in the context of mul-tiplicative intensity-based models. A modified EM algorithm is described which incorporates kernel smoothing of the rate function under the assumption it can be modeled locally using polynomials. Both Poisson models and mixed Poisson models are considered. Simulations suggest the proposed methods work well, and applications to data from a study of feedwater flow losses in nuclear plants and a study of joint damage in patients with psoriatic arthritis illustrate their use.
Multiple Ubiquitin Ligase–Mediated Processes Require COP9 Signalosome and AXR1 Function Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.003434.

The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved multiprotein complex that mediates the repression of photomorphogenesis in the dark in Arabidopsis through the degradation of transcription factors such as HY5 and HYH. CSN-mediated HY5 and HYH degradation also requires the activity of the putative E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3) component COP1 and the E2-conjugating enzyme variant COP10. Recently, it was shown that CSN also is required for auxin responses mediated by the SCF-type E3 SCFTIR1. To determine whether Arabidopsis CSN is required for E3-mediated processes in a more general manner, we generated plants with reduced E3 function by suppressing AtRBX1, an essential core subunit of SCF-type E3s. We observed that AtRBX1 transgenic plants share multiple phenotypes with CSN reduced-function plants, such as morphological defects and reduced responses to auxin, jasmonic acid, and cold stress, suggesting that CSN is required for multiple AtRBX1-mediated processes. Furthermore, we observed that mutants with defects in AXR1, a protein that had been described only as a regulator of SCFTIR1 function, also is required for other E3-mediated processes and for the COP1/COP10/CSN-mediated repression of photomorphogenesis in the dark. We conclude that CSN and AXR1 are of general importance for different pathways that are controlled by E3-mediated protein degradation.
Instabilities of galactic discs in the presence of star formation

We discuss the stability of galactic discs in which the energy of interstellar clouds is gained in encounters with expanding supernova (SN) remnants and lost in inelastic collisions. Energy gain and loss processes introduce a phase difference between the pressure and density perturbations, making discs unstable on small scales for several recipes of star formation. This is in contrast to the standard stability analysis in which small-scale perturbations are stabilized by pressure. In the limit of small scales, the dispersion relation for the growth rate reduces to that of thermal instabilities in a fluid without gravity. If instabilities lead to star formation, then our results imply a secondary mode of star formation that operates on small scales and feeds on the existence of a primary mode on intermediate scales. This may be interpreted as positive feedback. Further, the standard stability criterion on intermediate scales is significantly modified.
Challenges of maintaining the mother’s language: marriage-migrants and their mixed-heritage children in South Korea

Abstract This study explores the language use of Southeast Asian marriage-migrant mothers in South Korea with their mixed-heritage children, and the challenges related to heritage language (HL) transmission. Drawing on interviews with nine women, the study finds that they encountered multiple obstacles to teaching the HL to their children. Their Korean family members regarded HL learning as a hindrance to the children’s success and discouraged the development of their bilingual and bicultural identities. Moreover, the mothers themselves promoted Korean at home because they believed it was necessary to the children’s academic and social success. Their strong desire for their children to assimilate and conform to the dominant language and culture was influenced by a mainstream society in which mixed-heritage children are vulnerable to social exclusion. As a result, the participants’ children were prevented from receiving rich HL input and lacked fluency in their HLs. This study aims to improve our understanding of the factors that facilitate or hinder HL transmission and development in the context of mixed families in South Korea.
Innovation and Productivity in German and Swedish Manufacturing Firms : Is there a common story?

Recent studies have documented extensive heterogeneity in firm performance within countries, and innovation has been found as an important determinant. This paper addresses the issue of innovation firm performance across countries. A growing number of national firm level studies on the innovation-productivity link have been conducted using new internationally harmonized survey data, known in Europe as Community Innovation Survey (CIS). Mainly due to confidentiality reasons cross-country comparisons of CIS data are still rare. The contribution of this paper is its unique approach of pooling original firm observations from Germany and Sweden. Applying a knowledge production function that gives the relationship between innovation input, innovation output and productivity, we find to a very large extent a common cross-country story for knowledge intensive manufacturing firms. Some interesting country-specific effects are reported as well.
CRISP : A Feistel cipher with hardened key-scheduling

The cipher uses a 128-bit key , with a 128-bit data block. The non-linear round function, f(), computes a permute-substitute function of the current 88-bit key-schedule bits with the 64 input bits. The 64-bit input is first expanded to 88-bits using XOR-combined 8x1 1 bit S-boxes. The result of the expansion is then XORed with the 88 key bits, and fed through eight 1 1x8 S-boxes. The output of the S-boxes is then processed through S2(), a function that uses five 8x32 S-boxes that are KS[N]
Computer Simulations of Global Networks of Stratospheric Balloons

Global Aerospace Corporation, with funding provided by the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC), is developing a revolutionary concept for a global constellation and network of hundreds of stratospheric superpressure balloons which can address major scientific questions relating to NASA's Earth Science Mission by measuring stratospheric gases, collecting data on atmospheric circulation, observing the Earth's surface, and detecting and monitoring environmental hazards. As part of this overall effort, Global Aerospace Corporation and Princeton University are studying methods of controlling the geometry of these stratospheric balloon constellations using concepts related to and inspiration derived from biological group behavior such as schooling, flocking, and herding. The balloons in the constellation float at a near-constant 35 km altitude. Their trajectories are controlled by a StratoSail® Trajectory Control System (TCS). The StratoSail® TCS provides bounded and underactuated control of balloon trajectories, and the balloons drift in the stratospheric winds, a non-uniform external flow field. In this paper, we investigate the use of the concepts of Artificial Potentials and Weak Stability Boundary Theory to provide coordinated control of the distributed balloons. Artificial potentials are used to determine control actions for individual members of a constellation. With artificial potentials, it is possible to model simple, local (near-neighbor) traffic rules that lead to higher functionality at the group level. This concept of behavior and intelligence of a group that emerges from decentralized, individual-level rules is inspired by natural groupings. We model and control the geometry of the stratospheric balloon constellation in much the same spirit as biologists understand and model animal aggregations such as schooling fish and flocking birds. 1 INTRODUCTION Global Aerospace Corporation (GAC) is studying, under NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC) funding, a new generation of low-cost stratospheric platforms, called StratoSat™ platforms, based on advances in NASA's Ultra Long Duration Balloon (ULDB) technology currently under development. StratoSat™ networks and constellations can address issues of high interest to the Earth science community including global change, especially tropical circulation and radiation balance; global and polar ozone; hurricane forecasting and tracking; global circulation; and global ocean productivity [Nock 2000, Nock 2001]. Regional and global constellations of stratospheric superpressure balloons can measure stratospheric gases, collect data on atmospheric circulation, observe the Earth's surface, and detect and monitor weather and environmental hazards. The following figure shows an example StratoSat™ platform and a network of 100 stratospheric balloons distributed evenly around the globe. Low-cost StratoSat™ platform constellations could provide good …
TRPA1 Mediates Mechanical Currents in the Plasma Membrane of Mouse Sensory Neurons

Mechanosensitive channels serve as essential sensors for cells to interact with their environment. The identity of mechanosensitive channels that underlie somatosensory touch transduction is still a mystery. One promising mechanotransduction candidate is the Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channel. To determine the role of TRPA1 in the generation of mechanically-sensitive currents, we used dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron cultures from adult mice and applied rapid focal mechanical stimulation (indentation) to the soma membrane. Small neurons (diameter <27 µm) were studied because TRPA1 is functionally present in these neurons which largely give rise to C-fiber afferents in vivo. Small neurons were classified by isolectin B4 binding. Mechanically-activated inward currents were classified into two subtypes: Slowly Adapting and Transient. First, significantly more IB4 negative neurons (84%) responded to mechanical stimulation than IB4 positive neurons (54%). Second, 89% of Slowly Adapting currents were present in IB4 negative neurons whereas only 11% were found in IB4 positive neurons. Third, Slowly Adapting currents were completely absent in IB4 negative neurons from TRPA1−/− mice. Consistent with this, Slowly Adapting currents were abolished in wild type IB4 negative neurons stimulated in the presence of a TRPA1 antagonist, HC-030031. In addition, the amplitude of Transient mechanically-activated currents in IB4 positive neurons from TRPA1−/− mice was reduced by over 60% compared to TRPA1+/+ controls; however, a similar reduction did not occur in wild-type neurons treated with HC-030031. Transfection of TRPA1 in HEK293 cells did not significantly alter the proportion or magnitude of mechanically-activated currents in HEK293 cells, indicating that TRPA1 alone is not sufficient to confer mechanical sensitivity. These parallel genetic and pharmacological data demonstrate that TRPA1 mediates the Slowly Adapting mechanically-activated currents in small-diameter IB4 negative neurons from adult mice. The TRPA1 protein may also contribute to a complex that mediates Transient mechanically-activated currents in small IB4 positive C fiber type neurons.
Transport Pathways—Proton Motive Force Interrelationship in Durum Wheat Mitochondria

In durum wheat mitochondria (DWM) the ATP-inhibited plant mitochondrial potassium channel (PmitoKATP) and the plant uncoupling protein (PUCP) are able to strongly reduce the proton motive force (pmf) to control mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species; under these conditions, mitochondrial carriers lack the driving force for transport and should be inactive. However, unexpectedly, DWM uncoupling by PmitoKATP neither impairs the exchange of ADP for ATP nor blocks the inward transport of Pi and succinate. This uptake may occur via the plant inner membrane anion channel (PIMAC), which is physiologically inhibited by membrane potential, but unlocks its activity in de-energized mitochondria. Probably, cooperation between PIMAC and carriers may accomplish metabolite movement across the inner membrane under both energized and de-energized conditions. PIMAC may also cooperate with PmitoKATP to transport ammonium salts in DWM. Interestingly, this finding may trouble classical interpretation of in vitro mitochondrial swelling; instead of free passage of ammonia through the inner membrane and proton symport with Pi, that trigger metabolite movements via carriers, transport of ammonium via PmitoKATP and that of the counteranion via PIMAC may occur. Here, we review properties, modulation and function of the above reported DWM channels and carriers to shed new light on the control that they exert on pmf and vice-versa.
Hierarchical partition priority wavelet image compression

Image compression methods for progressive transmission using optimal hierarchical decomposition, partition priority coding (PPC), and multiple distribution entropy coding (MDEC) are presented. In the proposed coder, a hierarchical subband/wavelet decomposition transforms the original image. The analysis filter banks are selected to maximize the reproduction fidelity in each stage of progressive image transmission. An efficient triple-state differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) method is applied to the smoothed subband coefficients, and the corresponding prediction error is Lloyd-Max quantized. Such a quantizer is also designed to fit the characteristics of the detail transform coefficients in each subband, which are then coded using novel hierarchical PPC (HPPC) and predictive HPPC (PHPPC) algorithms. More specifically, given a suitable partitioning of their absolute range, the quantized detail coefficients are ordered based on both their decomposition level and partition and then are coded along with the corresponding address map. Space filling scanning further reduces the coding cost by providing a highly spatially correlated address map of the coefficients in each PPC partition. Finally, adaptive MDEC is applied to both the DPCM and HPPC/PHPPC outputs by considering a division of the source (quantized coefficients) into multiple subsources and adaptive arithmetic coding based on their corresponding histograms. Experimental results demonstrate the great performance of the proposed compression methods.
Photocopier PID controller with iterative error compensation

This paper describes an implementation of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller with an iterative error compensator for a DC brushless motor to improve the quality of a photocopier. The parameters of the iterative error compensator are determined by using particle swarm optimization algorithm. The proposed controller reduces the effects of repetitious unknown load torque on the DC brushless motor by compensating the motor torque based on the motor velocity from the previous sequences. The proposed controller is compared to a PID controller under various load torques.
Repetition and its Avoidance: The Case in Javanese

It is argued that echo -words result from the tension between a requirement that penalizes a sequence of two identical stems, * REPEAT(Stem), and one that requires two identical stems, REPEAT(Stem). Based primarily on data from Javanese, I make three main points. First, at least some inputs to the Optimality Grammar must be abstract morphological specifications like PLURAL. They are phonologically incomplete outputs of the morphosyntax. Second, morpheme realization results from an attempt to meet output targets in the form of constraints: REPEAT, a2 =a; PL=s, and so on. Such morphemes do not have underlying forms in the familiar sense (cf Hammond 1995, Russell 1995). Third, the target constraints may be out -ranked by phonological constraints of various kinds, particularly constraints against the repetition of elements, here called *REPEAT. The elements may be phonological (feature, segment) or morphological (affix, stem). These findings support the view of Pierrehumbert (1993a) that identity has broad cognitive roots. The primary data comes from Javanese, but the paper also touches on English and Turkish. ' Section 1 gives some background on the handling of morphological data in OT. Section 2 discusses identity avoidance in morphology, sets out the basic proposal, and gives sketches of English and Turkish. Section 3 is an extended discussion of Javanese. Section 4 looks at secret languages, and section 5 sums up.
Eagle strategy with flower algorithm

For any metaheuristic algorithm, it is important to balance exploration and exploitation because the interaction of these two key components can significantly affect the efficiency. However, how to achieve a fine balance is still an open problem. We attempt to explore this challenging issue by using eagle strategy in combination with the recently developed flower algorithm. Our results on test benchmarks suggest that more effort should focus on explorative search for multimodal problems.
Existence and stability of localized oscillations in 1-dimensional lattices with soft-spring and hard-spring potentials

‘‘hard spring’’ and (2) to ‘‘soft spring’’ interactions. These localized oscillations—when they are stable under small perturbations—are very important for physical systems because they seriously affect the energy transport properties of the lattice. Discrete breathers have recently been created and observed in many experiments, as, e.g., in the Josephson junction arrays, optical waveguides, and low-dimensional surfaces. After showing how to construct them, we use Floquet theory to analyze their linear (local) stability, along certain curves in parameter space ( a,v), where a is the coupling constant andv the frequency of the breather. We then apply the Smaller Alignment Index method (SALI) to investigate more globally their stability properties in phase space. Comparing our results for the 6 cases of V~u! , we find that the regions of existence and stability of breathers of the ‘‘hard spring’’ lattice are considerably larger than those of the ‘‘soft spring’’ system. This is mainly due to the fact that the conditions for resonances between breathers and linear modes are much less restrictive in the former than the latter case. Furthermore, the bifurcation properties are quite different in the two cases: For example, the phenomenon of complex instability, observed only for the ‘‘soft spring’’ system, destabilizes breathers without giving rise to new ones, while the system with ‘‘hard springs’’ exhibits curves in parameter space along which the number of monodromy matrix eigenvalues on the unit circle is constant and hence breather solutions preserve their stability character. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1804997#