Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing between moving and stationary sources using EEG/MEG measurements with an application to epilepsy

Performances of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) source estimation methods depend on the validity of the assumed model. In many cases, the model structure is related to physical information. We discuss a number of statistical selection methods to distinguish between two possible models using least-squares estimation and assuming a spherical head model. The first model has a single moving source whereas the second has two stationary sources; these may result in similar EEG/MEG measurements. The need to decide between such models occurs for example in Jacksonian seizures (e.g., epilepsy) or in intralobular activities, where a model with either two stationary dipole sources or a single moving dipole source may be possible. We also show that all of the selection methods discussed choose the correct model with probability one when the number of trials goes to infinity. Finally we present numerical examples and compare the performances of the methods by varying parameters such as the signal-to-noise ratio, source depth, and separation of sources, and also apply the methods to real MEG data for epilepsy.
Consultant and Critics on the Couch

The process of situating the “client on the couch” also entails the seating of “consultant and critics on the couch” as they participate in a self-reflective and dialectical process. The author argues the importance of strategic use of the “toxicity” metaphor and the central role of an initially qualitative lens via corporate cases and narrative investigations into dark side, destructive behavior in companies. Central to the study of toxicity is the blending of micro and macro, as individual psychology and systemic company-wide perspectives are fused into consulting and coaching hybrids. The patience of an anthropologist is required for the consultant facing thick, textured cases of organizational and leadership toxicity, and similar emotional intelligence is depicted as essential for a bridging of both qualitative and metric-driven streams of consultation and research.
Amplifying Deviations in Family Interactions: Guidelines For Trainees in Post‐Milan Family Therapy

Amplifying deviations in family interactions is a critical skill in family therapy, and one that can be implemented following the first reflecting team intervention. This paper will provide trainees with a series of practical guidelines for amplifying deviations, derived from an integration of several models of family therapy. Solution-focused and narrative questions are employed systemically, with the aim of magnifying virtuous, rather than vicious cycles of interaction. A theoretical rationale for deviation amplifying and a brief case vignette will also be presented.
Ganglion Cell Complex Evaluation in Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration after Repeated Intravitreal Injections of Ranibizumab

Purpose. To detect the effects of intravitreal ranibizumab injections on GCC in patients with wet AMD. Methods. 32 wet AMD eyes were selected and submitted at three ranibizumab injections. RTVue-OCT GCC and MM5 protocol were performed before treatment and twenty days after each injection. Results. At baseline mean GCC thickness was 93.9 ± 18.5 μm. Twenty days after each intravitreal injection it was, respectively, 85.8 ± 10.1, 86.5 ± 9.3, and 91.1 ± 11.5 μm, without statistical significance. A significant improvement in visual acuity (P = 0.031) and a reduction of mean foveal (P = 0.001) and macular thickness (P = 0.001) were observed. Conclusion. The clinical results confirm therapeutic efficacy of intravitreal injections of ranibizumab in wet AMD. A contemporary not statistically significant reduction of GCC thickness suggests that the loading phase of ranibizumab does not have any toxic effects on ganglion cell complex.
Rorty on belief and self‐deception

In this note I argue that although Rorty's programme (Inquiry, Vol. 15, No. 4) to bring into focus the role that belief plays in self‐deception is a salutary one, her actual claims obscure that role. It is also contended that Rorty fails to de‐mythologize self‐deception, since her account is either paradox‐ridden or else describes a concept recognizably distinct from the concept of self‐deception.
Stigma and student mental health in higher education

Stigma is a powerful force in preventing university students with mental health difficulties from gaining access to appropriate support. This paper reports on an exploratory study of university students with mental health difficulties that found most students did not disclose their mental health problems to staff at university. This was primarily due to fear of discrimination during their studies and in professional employment. Many students went to considerable efforts to hide their mental health condition and in doing so struggled to meet university requirements. Of the minority who did disclose, most received helpful assistance with both their studies and management of their mental health condition. The university was the main source of support services including counselling, disability, student union and housing. A range of measures are required to address the impact of stigma and mental health to empower students so that they can disclose in the confidence that they will be treated fairly.
Simultaneous Children Recognition and Tracking for Childcare Assisting System by Using Kinect Sensors

Developing a childcare assisting system is highly necessary due to the lack of nursery teachers, and it will make an important progress on effective utilization of nursery teacher resources. In this paper, we proposed simultaneous children recognition and tracking system by using Kinect sensors for the childcare assisting system to provide information for the nursery teachers. Each of the children is recognized by integrating his/her personal information of color, face and motion. The tracking problem is modeled as finding the MAP solution of a posterior probability, and is solved by using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) particle filter. Our system can recognize and robustly track each child during class activities. Trajectories, motion ranges and relative distances information can be provided for the nursery teachers to assist their childcare work. The effectiveness of our system is proved through continuous monitoring of the children in a nursery school.
World Poverty, Pauperization and Capital Accumulation

A discourse on poverty and the necessity of reducing its magnitude, if not eradicating it, has become fashionable today. It is a discourse of charity, in the nineteenth-century-style, which is does not seek to understand the economic and social mechanisms that generate poverty, although the scientific and technological means to eradicate it are now available.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Deep learning to decode sites of RNA translation in normal and cancerous tissues

The biological process of RNA translation is fundamental to cellular life and has wide-ranging implications for human disease. Yet, accurately delineating the variation in RNA translation represents a significant challenge. Here, we develop RiboTIE, a transformer model-based approach to map global RNA translation. We find that RiboTIE offers unparalleled precision and sensitivity for ribosome profiling data. Application of RiboTIE to normal brain and medulloblastoma cancer samples enables high-resolution insights into disease regulation of RNA translation.
Predicting Decisions in Human Social Interactions Using Real-Time fMRI and Pattern Classification

Negotiation and trade typically require a mutual interaction while simultaneously resting in uncertainty which decision the partner ultimately will make at the end of the process. Assessing already during the negotiation in which direction one's counterpart tends would provide a tremendous advantage. Recently, neuroimaging techniques combined with multivariate pattern classification of the acquired data have made it possible to discriminate subjective states of mind on the basis of their neuronal activation signature. However, to enable an online-assessment of the participant's mind state both approaches need to be extended to a real-time technique. By combining real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and online pattern classification techniques, we show that it is possible to predict human behavior during social interaction before the interacting partner communicates a specific decision. Average accuracy reached approximately 70% when we predicted online the decisions of volunteers playing the ultimatum game, a well-known paradigm in economic game theory. Our results demonstrate the successful online analysis of complex emotional and cognitive states using real-time fMRI, which will enable a major breakthrough for social fMRI by providing information about mental states of partners already during the mutual interaction. Interestingly, an additional whole brain classification across subjects confirmed the online results: anterior insula, ventral striatum, and lateral orbitofrontal cortex, known to act in emotional self-regulation and reward processing for adjustment of behavior, appeared to be strong determinants of later overt behavior in the ultimatum game. Using whole brain classification we were also able to discriminate between brain processes related to subjective emotional and motivational states and brain processes related to the evaluation of objective financial incentives.
Variational Bayesian Approach to Multiframe Image Restoration

Image restoration is a fundamental problem in the field of image processing. The key objective of image restoration is to recover clean images from images degraded by noise and blur. Recently, a family of new statistical techniques called variational Bayes (VB) has been introduced to image restoration, which enables us to automatically tune parameters that control restoration. While information from one image is often insufficient for high-quality restoration, however, current state-of-the-art methods of image restoration via VB approaches use only a single-degraded image to recover a clean image. In this paper, we propose a novel method of multiframe image restoration via a VB approach, which can achieve higher image quality while tuning parameters automatically. Given multiple degraded images, this method jointly estimates a clean image and other parameters, including an image warping parameter introduced for the use of multiple images, through Bayesian inference that we enable by making full use of VB techniques. Through various experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our multiframe method by comparing it with single-frame one, and also show the advantages of our VB approach over non-VB approaches.
Development of an ultrafast pulsed ponderomotive phase plate for cryo-electron tomography

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is a powerful modality for resolving cellular structures in their native state. While single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) excels in determining protein structures purified from recombinant or endogenous sources, cryo-ET suffers from low contrast in crowded cellular milieux. A novel experimental approach to enhance contrast in cryo-ET is to manipulate the phase of scattered pulsed electrons using ultrafast pulsed photons. Here, we outline the experimental design of a proof-of-concept electron microscope and demonstrate synchronization between electron packets and laser pulses. Further, we show ultrabright photoemission of electrons from an alloy field emission tip using femtosecond ultraviolet pulses. These experiments pave the way towards exploring the utility of the ponderomotive effect using pulsed radiation to increase phase contrast in cryo-ET of subcellular protein complexes in situ, thus advancing the field of cell biology.
Fused Multiple Graphical Lasso

In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating multiple graphical models simultaneously using the fused lasso penalty, which encourages adjacent graphs to share similar structures. A motivating example is the analysis of brain networks of Alzheimer's disease using neuroimaging data. Specifically, we may wish to estimate a brain network for the normal controls (NC), a brain network for the patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and a brain network for Alzheimer's patients (AD). We expect the two brain networks for NC and MCI to share common structures but not to be identical to each other; similarly for the two brain networks for MCI and AD. The proposed formulation can be solved using a second-order method. Our key technical contribution is to establish the necessary and sufficient condition for the graphs to be decomposable. Based on this key property, a simple screening rule is presented, which decomposes the large graphs into small subgraphs and allows an efficient estimation of multiple independent (small) subgraphs, dramatically reducing the computational cost. We perform experiments on both synthetic and real data; our results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Spectral band discrimination for species observed from hyperspectral remote sensing

In vegetation spectroscopy, compositional information of leaves contained at band level or across the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) and parts thereof, plays a huge rule in the analysis of spectra and their relations to the reflectance patterns across the spectrum. Spectral matching is often achieved by means of matching algorithms such as the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), Spectral information divergence (SID) and mixed measures of SAM and SID using either the tangent or the sine trigonometric functions, SID(TAN) or SID(SIN). The performance of these measures in distinguishing between objects of interest, such as species, is often compared using the relative spectral discriminatory probability (RSDPB). In this study, these measures are used to assess whether various sets of bands including the full spectrum, the visible (VIS), the near infrared (NIR), the shortwave infra-red (SWIR) region, as well as sets of bands identified by the stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA), can be used to discriminate the different species. This is done to identify the important regions of the EMS to distinguish seven common savannah tree species observed in the Kruger National Park, South Africa's largest game reserve. The magnitude of variation of the species in any part of the spectrum can be linked to the importance of that spectral region in distinguishing the species. In addition, classification accuracy of these sets of bands was assessed and the SDA bands often gave better classification accuracy compared to using all bands, bands in the NIR, and SWIR parts of the EMS.
Development of a New Curriculum in a Positive Youth Development Program: The Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong

The design of a new curriculum in a positive youth development program (Project P.A.T.H.S.) in Hong Kong is outlined. The Tier 1 Program of the original phase of the Project P.A. T.H. S. is a universal positive youth development program for students in Secondary 1 to Secondary 3 with the curricula developed by a research team comprising scholars in different disciplines (e.g., social work, psychology, and education). The 120 teaching units are designed with reference to 15 positive youth development constructs identified in the successful positive youth development programs. In the extension phase of the project, a new curriculum with 60 teaching units is developed in accordance with these 15 constructs with specific reference to five major adolescent developmental issues. These issues include substance abuse, sexuality issue, Internet addiction, bullying, and money and success issues. The principles underlying the program development and implementation strategies are outlined.
Nucleotide sequence and characterization of the Rhodobacter capsulatus hvrB gene: HvrB is an activator of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase expression and is a member of the LysR family

Here we present the nucleotide sequence and characterization of two genes, hvrB and orf5, that are located in the regulatory gene cluster from Rhodobacter capsulatus. The hvrB gene, which encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 32 kDa, is shown to be highly homologous to genes encoding members of the LysR family of bacterial transcriptional regulators. A chromosomal disruption of hvrB is shown to result in the failure to regulate expression from the nearby ahcY and orf5 genes in response to alterations in light intensity. We show by primer extension mapping that the 5' end of ahcY-specific mRNA defines a promoter region exhibiting sequence similarity to known R. capsulatus promoter elements. Our mutational analysis further demonstrates that hvrB autoregulates its own expression in vivo.
JWH-122 Consumption Adverse Effects: A Case of Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder Five-Year Follow-Up

ABSTRACT Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists are a heterogeneous group of psychotropic drugs functionally related to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. These substances, marketed as cannabis substitutes, have been associated with numerous cases of severe intoxication and death across the world. In our article, we describe a case of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder developing in a natural cannabis user after consumption of JWH-122, a naphthoylindole largely used since 2010. Clinical symptomatology persisted for about four years and was alleviated through treatment with clonazepam. Considering that natural cannabis consumption can induce the development of a hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, it is not excluded that, in our patient, symptoms lasted a long time due to cannabis consumption. This article describes the clinical evolution from onset to resolution of all symptoms.
Identification of Pressure Passive Cerebral Perfusion and Its Mediators after Infant Cardiac Surgery

Cerebrovascular pressure autoregulation (CPA) regulates cerebral blood flow (CBF) in relation to changes in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). Identification of a pressure-passive cerebral perfusion and the potentially modifiable physiologic factors underlying it has been difficult to achieve in sick infants. We previously validated the near-infrared spectroscopy–derived hemoglobin difference (HbD) signal (cerebral oxyhemoglobin − deoxyhemoglobin) as a reliable measure of changes in CBF in animal models. We now sought to determine whether continuous measurements of ΔHbD would correlate to middle cerebral artery flow velocity (CBFV), allow identification and quantification of pressure-passive state, and help to delineate potentially modifiable factors. We enrolled 43 infants (2 d to 7 mo old) who were undergoing open cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass. At 6 and 20 h after surgery, we measured changes in HbD, CBFV (by transcranial Doppler), and MAP at different end-tidal CO2 levels. We assigned a pressure-passive index (PPI) to each study on the basis of the relative duration of significant coherence between ΔMAP and ΔHbD. We found a significant relationship between ΔHbD and ΔCBFV at both time points. At 6 h after surgery, we showed high concordance (coherence >0.5; PPI ≥41%) between ΔMAP and ΔHbD, consistent with disturbed CPA in 13% of infants. End-tidal CO2 values ≥40 mm Hg and higher MAP variability both were associated with increased odds (p < 0.001) of autoregulatory failure. This approach provides a means to identify and quantify disturbances of CPA. High CO2 levels and fluctuating MAP are two important preventable factors associated with disturbed CPA.
Antigen Presentation by CD1d Contributes to the Amplification of Th2 Responses to Schistosoma mansoni Glycoconjugates in Mice1

During murine schistosomiasis, there is a gradual switch from a predominant Th1 cytokine response to a Th2-dominated response after egg laying, an event that favors the formation of granuloma around viable eggs. Egg-derived glycoconjugates, including glycolipids, may play a crucial role in this phenomenon. In this study, we used a model of dendritic cell sensitization to study the role of egg glycoconjugates in the induction of specific immune response to soluble egg Ag (SEA) and to investigate the possibility that CD1d, a molecule implicated in glycolipid presentation, may be involved in such a phenomenon. We show that, when captured, processed, and presented to naive T lymphocytes by dendritic cells, egg, but not larval, Ag skew the immune response toward a Th2 response. Periodate treatment reversed this effect, indicating that the sugar moiety of SEA is important in this phenomenon. Using DC treated ex vivo with a neutralizing anti-CD1d Ab or isolated from CD1d knockout mice, we show that CD1d is crucial in the priming of SEA-specific Th2 lymphocytes. We then evaluated the contribution of CD1d on the development of the SEA-specific immune response and on the formation of the egg-induced liver granuloma during murine schistosomiasis. We find that CD1d knockout mice have a reduced Th2 response after egg laying and develop a less marked fibrotic pathology compared with wild-type mice. Altogether, our results suggest that Ag presentation of parasite glycoconjugates to CD1d-restricted T cells may be important in the early events leading to the induction of Th2 responses and to egg-induced pathology during murine schistosomiasis.
Bank Disclosure and Market Assessment of Financial Fragility: Evidence from Turkish Banks’ Equity Prices

In this paper we explore whether Turkish banks with worsening indicators of financial fragility were subject to market monitoring during the years leading to the 2000/2001 crisis, and how the quality and timeliness of the disclosure affect market reaction. We find that shareholders reacted negatively to indicators of financial fragility such as increases in maturity mismatches, currency mismatches, and non-performing loans, showing shareholders’ concerns about the impact of financial fragility indicators on future profits. We also find that audited statements that show larger reporting lags, are not informative, pointing to the need of improving their timeliness. Finally, our study suggests that the finding that securities prices react to financial fragility indicators should not be taken as sufficient evidence of banks’ safety and soundness.