Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
in Alfred Schutz

Attention is a critical faculty in contemporary Western societies. What is surprising is the fact that attention has been mainly analyzed as an individual phenomenon. Scientific research that treats attention exclusively on the individual level simplifies an enormously complex situation. Instead, according to the idea defended in this essay, one cannot think of attention and perception without regard for cultural conventions and social norms. This article therefore proposes to investigate attention precisely in its social dimension. In particular, the specific objective is to highlight the contribution Alfred Schutz’s theory of systems of relevance can give to the understanding of the social mechanisms that regulate attention. In order to demonstrate the viability of the Schutzian proposal, here are discussed some recent perspectives that explore the mechanisms of the social regulation of attention. The article will briefly revisit these contributions that explicitly investigate intersubjective and collective attention, and will focus especially on the proposals of Eviatar Zerubavel and Yves Citton. Then is analyzed the role of attention in the theoretical edifice of Schutz, to focus on the relationship between attention and systems of relevance.
Proteasome inhibition promotes autophagy and protects from endoplasmic reticulum stress in rat alveolar macrophages exposed to hypoxia‐reoxygenation injury

Alveolar macrophages play vital roles in acute lung injury, and macrophage response to hypoxia play relevant roles to disease mechanisms. There is growing evidence that cell death pathways play crucial roles in physiological and pathological settings and that the ubiquitin‐proteasome system is involved in the regulation of these processes. However, the functional role of proteasome in alveolar macrophages exposed to hypoxia‐reoxygenation (H/R) injury is unknown. We aimed to investigate the function of proteasome on alveolar macrophages exposed to H/R and the underlying mechanisms. NR8383 cells were pretreated with proteasome activator sulforaphane (SFN) or inhibitor MG‐132 for 1 hr, and then submitted to 2/6 hr, 4/6 hr, and 6/6 hr H/R treatment. Cell viability was assessed with MTT assay. Autophagy was monitored using electron transmission microscope and flow cytometry and western blotting. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways were equally analyzed by western blotting. Cell apoptosis was detected by immunohistochemistry, caspase3/7 activity, and western blotting. The viability of NR8383 cells exposed to H/R was affected by proteasome activity and proteasome inhibition significantly inhibited cell death. Treatment with MG‐132 led to autophagy activation and induced the survival of NR8383 cells exposed to H/R. Pretreatment with SFN significantly decreased cell autophagy and induced cell death. ER stress was activated in H/R‐treated NR8383 cells, and SFN further promoted ER stress whereas proteasome inhibition led to contrary results. Proteasome inhibtion hindered cell apoptosis as demonstrated by decreased caspase‐3/7 activity, immunolabelling, and western blot results. Proteasome inhibition might be a promising approach for treating H/R injury‐related lung diseases.
Grammatical And Discourse Conditions On Long Distance Reflexives In Two Chinese Dialects

Our analysis of discourse conditions on Long Distance (LD) reflexives is based primarily on the taxonomy of logophoricity of Sells, who, like many authors, has argued that the notion of logophoricity plays a crucial role in understanding the felicity conditions on the use of LD reflexives. This chapter focuses on Sells's taxonomy that provides a useful tool for explaining the differences between the conditions on LD reflexives in Mandarin and Teochew. Using Sells's diagnostics for PIVOT, SOURCE, and SELF, the chapter demonstrates that Mandarin and Teochew differ with regard to which logophoric requirements apply in the dialect: In both Mandarin and Teochew, PIVOT requirements apply to the choice of antecedent for a LD reflexive. It shows that Mandarin and Teochew differ with regard to whether "subcommanding" antecedents are possible for LD reflexives. Keywords: logophoricity; Long Distance (LD) reflexives; Mandarin; Sells; Teochew
The Evolution of the Martian Hydrosphere: Implications for the Fate of a Primordial Ocean and the Current State of the Northern Plains

Abstract In this paper we consider the hydraulic and thermal conditions that gave rise to the elevated source regions of the Late Hesperian outflow channels and explore their implications for the evolution of the Martian hydrosphere. We find that if the outflow channel floodwaters were derived from a subpermafrost aquifer, then it implies that, throughout the planet's first billion years of evolution, as much as one third of its surface was covered by standing bodies of water and ice. Following the development of the global dichotomy, the bulk of this water would have existed as an ice-covered ocean in the northern plains. We demonstrate that the progressive crustal assimilation of this early surface reservoir of H 2 O (punctuated by possible episodes of less extensive flooding) was a natural consequence of the planet's subsequent climatic and geothermal evolution—potentially cycling the equivalent of a km-deep global ocean of water through the atmosphere and subsurface every ∼10 9 years. In response to the long-term decline in planetary heat flow, the progressive cold-trapping of H 2 O into the growing cryosphere is expected to have significantly depleted the original inventory of groundwater—a development that could well explain the apparent decline in outflow channel activity observed during the Amazonian. Although primarily a theoretical analysis, our findings appear remarkably consistent with the geomorphic and topographic evidence that Mars once possessed a primordial ocean and that a substantial relic of that body continues to survive as massive ice deposits within the northern plains. Confirmation of the presence of such deposits, combined with the potential detection of a global-scale groundwater system, would provide persuasive support for the validity of this analysis.
Serum squalene and non-cholesterol sterols related to cholesterol synthesis and absorption in type 2 diabetes

Summary Serum non-cholesterol sterols, cholestanol and plant sterols, campesterol and sitosterol, are known to positively reflect cholesterol absorption and negatively cholesterol synthesis. Opposite associations are obtained for cholesterol precursors, including squalene, cholestenol and lathosterol. We compared noncholesterols and squalene in serum with those in lipoproteins, and related the values to absolute cholesterol synthesis and absorption percent of patients (n=33) with type II diabetes, range of body mass index (BMI) being 21-40. - Lipids in serum and ultracentrifuge fractions were measured with routine laboratory methods. Gas liquid chromatography was used to measure cholesterol, squalene and non-cholesterol sterols in serum and lipoproteins. Sterol balance technique was used to determine absolute cholesterol synthesis and a double label system for measurement of absorption percentage of dietary cholesterol -Two-thirds of the non-cholesterol sterols were carried in LDL and one-fifth in HDL, whereas squalene was mainly in VLDL and LDL. The synthesis and absorption markers were interrelated in serum and all lipoproteins suggesting intact regulation of cholesterol metabolism. The absorption and synthesis marker ratios to cholesterol were mostly similar in serum and lipoproteins, even though absorption sterols accumulated to HDL and IDL and synthesis markers in VLDL and IDL. The ratios to cholesterol of absorption markers were negatively, those of synthesis markers positively related to BMI in serum and most lipoprotein fractions, and also to respective absolute synthesis and absorption percentage of cholesterol. Also, the proportions of synthesis marker sterols to those of absorption markers (eg., lathosterol/sitosterol) were positively related to BMI and absolute synthesis and negatively to absorption percentage of cholesterol. - The findings indicate that even in patients with type II diabetes, including markedly increased body weight and altered cholesterol metabolism, measurement of serum non-cholesterol sterols and squalene reveals information of cholesterol synthesis and absorption without complicated clinical and laboratory methods.
Endolymphatic Sac Decompression With Intra-Sac Dexamethasone Injection in Menière's Disease.

OBJECTIVE Endolymphatic sac decompression surgery (ELSD) may be used to treat patients who have Menière's 's disease refractory to medical therapy. In this study, we investigated whether or not the injection of steroid into the endolymphatic sac at the time of ELSD provides additional benefit to patient outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Randomized prospective single-blinded placebo-controlled study. SETTING Tertiary center. PATIENTS Patients with Menière's disease with poorly controlled vertigo despite medical therapy and serviceable hearing that were offered ELSD. INTERVENTION(S) Patients randomized into two groups, with control group (n = 17) undergone ELSD without steroid injection and experimental group undergone ELSD with steroid injection (n = 18) MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):: Audiogram, dizziness handicap inventory, tinnitus handicap inventory, frequency of vertigo spells, functional level scale, and quality of life were obtained at multiple intervals from preoperatively to 24 months postoperatively. RESULTS ELSD resulted in a statistically significant improvement in vertigo control whether or not steroid was injected into the endolymphatic sac at the time of surgery. However, no additional benefit was observed with the addition of intra-sac steroid injection. No statistical difference in pure-tone average, tinnitus handicap inventory, dizziness handicap inventory, or quality of life was observed between the steroid and nonsteroid surgical groups up to 24 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION ELSD is an effective treatment for Menière's disease refractory to medical therapy; however, the addition of intra-sac steroid injection at the time of surgery does not seem to result in a further improvement in patient outcomes.
Public Opinions Toward Diseases: Infodemiological Study on News Media Data

Background Society always has limited resources to expend on health care, or anything else. What are the unmet medical needs? How do we allocate limited resources to maximize the health and welfare of the people? These challenging questions might be re-examined systematically within an infodemiological frame on a much larger scale, leveraging the latest advancement in information technology and data science. Objective We expanded our previous work by investigating news media data to reveal the coverage of different diseases and medical conditions, together with their sentiments and topics in news articles over three decades. We were motivated to do so since news media plays a significant role in politics and affects the public policy making. Methods We analyzed over 3.5 million archive news articles from Reuters media during the periods of 1996/1997, 2008 and 2016, using summary statistics, sentiment analysis, and topic modeling. Summary statistics illustrated the coverage of various diseases and medical conditions during the last 3 decades. Sentiment analysis and topic modeling helped us automatically detect the sentiments of news articles (ie, positive versus negative) and topics (ie, a series of keywords) associated with each disease over time. Results The percentages of news articles mentioning diseases and medical conditions were 0.44%, 0.57% and 0.81% in the three time periods, suggesting that news media or the public has gradually increased its interests in medicine since 1996. Certain diseases such as other malignant neoplasm (34%), other infectious diseases (20%), and influenza (11%) represented the most covered diseases. Two hundred and twenty-six diseases and medical conditions (97.8%) were found to have neutral or negative sentiments in the news articles. Using topic modeling, we identified meaningful topics on these diseases and medical conditions. For instance, the smoking theme appeared in the news articles on other malignant neoplasm only during 1996/1997. The topic phrases HIV and Zika virus were linked to other infectious diseases during 1996/1997 and 2016, respectively. Conclusions The multi-dimensional analysis of news media data allows the discovery of focus, sentiments and topics of news media in terms of diseases and medical conditions. These infodemiological discoveries could shed light on unmet medical needs and research priorities for future and provide guidance for the decision making in public policy.
Effects of Different Extraction Conditions on The Production of Anthraquinone

Natural dyes have been used for the coloring of textiles since pre-historic times. Nowadays, there is an increased of interest in natural dyes as the replacement of synthetic dyes due to general environmental awareness and the increase of public interest in natural products. Morinda citrifolia (mengkudu) was used as the source of natural dye in this study. The extracted compound from the roots of Morinda citrifolia is known as anthraquinone (alizarin) that gives a red color for potential textile application. This study was performed to investigate the effects of solid liquid ratio (SLR) (1:100 to 5:100), extraction time (up to 10 hours), and pH (1 to 11) on the concentration of anthraquinone. The anthraquinone extract was analyzed by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The best condition to extract anthraquinone from Morinda citrifolia roots was at 1:400, 2 hours, and pH 7 of SLR, extraction times, and pH, respectively. The study proved that Morinda citrifolia can produce a natural dye that has a strong color which can be used in textile industries.
Moving Beyond Competitions: Extending D-Cube to Seamlessly Benchmark Low-Power Wireless Systems

Performance comparisons of low-power wireless systems are often not substantiated by accurate and realistic evaluations, which raises the need of a proper benchmark. In a first attempt towards a rigorous comparison of protocol performance under the exact same settings, we have developed in 2016 a prototype benchmarking infrastructure called D-Cube, and used it to run the first of a series of competitions aiming to quantitatively assess the performance of low-power wireless protocols in specific scenarios. Given the success of the competition among both academia and industry, we have significantly extended the benchmarking infrastructure in the following two editions: D-Cube now also supports, among others, remote experimentation, multiple traffic patterns and loads, a custom description of how to derive performance metrics, and is further able to control the network density as well as the harshness of the RF environment. In this paper we perform a critical analysis of the current capabilities of D-Cube and argue that its main limiting factor is that the traffic patterns and node identities are manually embedded in the source code by developers and cannot be changed automatically. We show that we can overcome this limitation by utilizing a well-known data structure and by having developers describe its memory address using a configuration file that is passed to the benchmarking infrastructure. Following this concept, we extend D-Cube with the ability of building and applying patches to binary files and show that this allows not only to automatically change traffic patterns and node identities, but to also change user-defined protocol parameters. We believe that this extension is one of the last missing stepping stones to make D-Cube a full-fledged benchmarking infrastructure for low-power wireless systems.
Decreased levels of UMP kinase as a mechanism of fluoropyrimidine resistance

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) continues to be widely used for treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. Because many tumors show primary or acquired resistance, it is important to understand the molecular basis underlying the mechanism of resistance to 5-FU. In addition to its effect on thymidylate synthase inhibition and DNA synthesis, 5-FU may also influence RNA metabolism. Our previous studies revealed that colorectal cancer cells resistant to bolus 5-FU (HCT-8/4hFU) showed significantly decreased incorporation of the drug into RNA. Resistance to bolus 5-FU was associated with lower expression of UMP kinase (UMPK), an enzyme that plays an important role in the activation of 5-FU to 5-FUTP and its incorporation into RNA. Activities of other 5-FU–metabolizing enzymes (e.g., thymidine kinase, uridine phosphorylase, thymidine phosphorylase, and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase) remained unchanged between sensitive and resistant cell lines. Herein, we show that UMPK down-regulation in 5-FU–sensitive cells (HCT-8/P) induces resistance to bolus 5-FU treatment. Moreover, HCT-8/4hFU cells are even more cross-resistant to treatment with 5-fluorouridine, consistent with the current understanding of 5-fluorouridine as a RNA-directed drug. Importantly, colorectal cancer hepatic metastases isolated from patients clinically resistant to weekly bolus 5-FU/leucovorin treatment exhibited decreased mRNA expression of UMPK but not thymidylate synthase or dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase compared with tumor samples of patients not previously exposed to 5-FU. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of acquired resistance to 5-FU in colorectal cancer and implicate UMPK as an important mechanism of clinical resistance to pulse 5-FU treatment in some patients. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(4):OF1–8]
Lasing from halide perovskites

Organic-inorganic halide perovskites (e.g., CH3NH3PbI3) possesses exceptional optoelectronic properties for photovoltaics. Amazingly, this material system also has outstanding optical gain properties ideal for lasing applications. Two years had elapsed since the discovery of amplified spontaneous emission and lasing from these perovskite thin films and nanostructures. Herein, we briefly review its development, the state-of-the-art and the prospective outlook of this new lasing medium.
Multimodal Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning Policy for Task-Oriented Visual Dialog

Creating an intelligent conversational system that understands vision and language is one of the ultimate goals in Artificial Intelligence (AI) (Winograd, 1972). Extensive research has focused on vision-to-language generation, however, limited research has touched on combining these two modalities in a goal-driven dialog context. We propose a multimodal hierarchical reinforcement learning framework that dynamically integrates vision and language for task-oriented visual dialog. The framework jointly learns the multimodal dialog state representation and the hierarchical dialog policy to improve both dialog task success and efficiency. We also propose a new technique, state adaptation, to integrate context awareness in the dialog state representation. We evaluate the proposed framework and the state adaptation technique in an image guessing game and achieve promising results.
Comparison of Social Work Practice in Teams Using a Video Vignette Technique in a Multi-method Design

English This article focuses on the use of the vignette method in social worker teams and thereby collective or shared aspects of practice, which cannot be reached through a presentation of a vignette separately to the individual members of the team. A video vignette case was presented to four social worker teams in connection with a focus group session in order to compare the teams’ assessment of the client. The negotiations in the focus groups accentuate how teams interpret the same client in different ways and actualize questions as to where these differences stem from and what they are related to. The results support two methodological conclusions that we discuss in the article: that it is beneficial to use vignette in a multi-method design when comparing teams and that a focus group context is an advantage, when the characteristics of the team should be accentuated, while individual differences become secondary. Danish Denne artikel sætter fokus påbrug af vignettemetoden i socialarbejderteam og dermed kollektive aspekter af praksis, der ikke kan studeres ved at præsentere en vignette separat for enkelte medlemmer af et team. En videovignettesamtale mellem socialarbejder og klient blev præsenteret for fire socialarbejderteam i forbindelse med et fokusgruppeinterview med henblik påat sammenligne teamenes vurderinger af klienten. Forhandlingerne i fokusgrupperne synliggjorde, at teamene fortolker den samme klient forskelligt og førte til spørgsmål om, hvor disse forskelle stammer fra og hvad de er relateret til. Resultaterne understøtter to metodologiske konklusioner, som vi diskuterer i artiklen. For det første er det gavnligt at bruge videovignettemetoden i et multimetodedesign, når sigtet er at sammenligne teamenes vurderinger. For det andet er fokusgruppemetoden en fordel, når interessen er rettet mod at studere karakteristika ved teamene i stedet for individuelle forskelle.
Impact of Transactional and Laissez Faire Leadership Style on Motivation

The research is based “Transactional, Laissez faire leadership style and their impact on Motivation” conducting in banking sector of Pakistan to identify that which leadership style is good for the employee to increase their Motivation level with the organization. For conducting this research a research question was to be used and got the result through Descriptive study and Co relational study (SPSS). Population size was 278 and at the end of the research we found that Transformational leadership has positive, strong and significant association with the Commitment. But the motivational level in respect of Laissez Faire is low because of not interference of management. Laissez Faire also have positive relation but due to insignificance relation it indicate that Laissez Faire style is not an important style that boost the motivation level of workers as compare to other leadership styles.
A machine learning approach as a surrogate of finite element analysis–based inverse method to estimate the zero‐pressure geometry of human thoracic aorta

Advances in structural finite element analysis (FEA) and medical imaging have made it possible to investigate the in vivo biomechanics of human organs such as blood vessels, for which organ geometries at the zero‐pressure level need to be recovered. Although FEA‐based inverse methods are available for zero‐pressure geometry estimation, these methods typically require iterative computation, which are time‐consuming and may be not suitable for time‐sensitive clinical applications. In this study, by using machine learning (ML) techniques, we developed an ML model to estimate the zero‐pressure geometry of human thoracic aorta given 2 pressurized geometries of the same patient at 2 different blood pressure levels. For the ML model development, a FEA‐based method was used to generate a dataset of aorta geometries of 3125 virtual patients. The ML model, which was trained and tested on the dataset, is capable of recovering zero‐pressure geometries consistent with those generated by the FEA‐based method. Thus, this study demonstrates the feasibility and great potential of using ML techniques as a fast surrogate of FEA‐based inverse methods to recover zero‐pressure geometries of human organs.