Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal Factors Are Associated with Lower Therapist Adherence in Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Panic Disorder.

OBJECTIVE The contributions of disorder severity, comorbidity and interpersonal variables to therapists' adherence to a cognitive-behavioural treatment (CBT) manual were tested. METHOD Thirty-eight patients received panic control therapy (PCT) for panic disorder. Trained observers watching videotapes of the sixth session of a 24-session protocol rated therapists' adherence to PCT and their use of interventions from outside the CBT model. Different observers rated patients' behavioural resistance to therapy in the same session using the client resistance code. Interview measures obtained before treatment included the Panic Disorder Severity Scale, the anxiety disorders interview schedule for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV and the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV, Axis II. Questionnaire measures were the anxiety sensitivity index at intake, and, at session 2, the therapist and client versions of the working alliance inventory-short form. RESULTS The higher the patients' resistance and the more Axis II traits a patient had, the less adherent the therapist. Moreover, the more resistant the client, the more therapists resorted to interventions from outside the CBT model. Stronger therapist and patient alliance was also generally related to better adherence, but these results were somewhat inconsistent across therapists. Pretreatment disorder severity and comorbidity were not related to adherence. CONCLUSIONS Interpersonal variables, particularly behavioural resistance to therapy, are related to therapists' ability to adhere to a treatment manual and to their use of interventions from outside of the CBT model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE Patients' behavioural resistance to therapy may make it more difficult for cognitive-behavioural clinicians to adhere to a structured treatment protocol and more likely for them to borrow interventions from outside the CBT model. Patients' Axis II traits may make adherence to treatment CBT protocol more difficult, although whether this is true varies across therapists. Therapists' adherence to a structured protocol and borrowing from outside of the CBT model do not appear to be affected by disorder severity or Axis I comorbidity.
ImmunoGrid: towards agent-based simulations of the human immune system at a natural scale†

The ultimate aim of the EU-funded ImmunoGrid project is to develop a natural-scale model of the human immune system—that is, one that reflects both the diversity and the relative proportions of the molecules and cells that comprise it—together with the grid infrastructure necessary to apply this model to specific applications in the field of immunology. These objectives present the ImmunoGrid Consortium with formidable challenges in terms of complexity of the immune system, our partial understanding about how the immune system works, the lack of reliable data and the scale of computational resources required. In this paper, we explain the key challenges and the approaches adopted to overcome them. We also consider wider implications for the present ambitious plans to develop natural-scale, integrated models of the human body that can make contributions to personalized health care, such as the European Virtual Physiological Human initiative. Finally, we ask a key question: How long will it take us to resolve these challenges and when can we expect to have fully functional models that will deliver health-care benefits in the form of personalized care solutions and improved disease prevention?
Real-time generic face tracking in the wild with CUDA

We present a robust real-time face tracking system based on the Constrained Local Models framework by adopting the novel regression-based Discriminative Response Map Fitting (DRMF) method. By exploiting the algorithm's potential parallelism, we present a hybrid CPU-GPU implementation capable of achieving real-time performance at 30 to 45 FPS, on ordinary consumer-grade computers. We have made the software publicly available for research purposes
Constructivism and science : essays in recent German philosophy

Section I: Constructivism and the logic of science. - Science, a Rational Enterprise? - The Philosophy of Science and Its Logic. - The Pragmatic Understanding of Language and the Argumentative Function of Logic. - Rules versus Theorems. - On 'Transcendental'. - Section II: Constructivism and Protoscience. - Philosophy and the Problem of the Foundations of Mathematics. - Geometry as the Measure-Theoretic A Priori of Physics. - The Concept of Mass. - On the Definition of 'Probability'. - Section III: Constructivism and The Value Sciences. - Practical Reason and the Justification of Norms. Fundamental Problems in the Construction of a Theory of Practical Justification. - Protoethics: Towards a Formal Pragmatics of Justificatory Discourse. - Interests. - Is Rational Economics as an Empirical- Quantitative Science Possible? - Determination by Reality or Construction of Reality? - Notes On The Contributors.
On Tracking Information Flows through JNI in Android Applications

Android provides native development kit through JNI for developing high-performance applications (or simply apps). Although recent years have witnessed a considerable increase in the number of apps employing native libraries, only a few systems can examine them. However, none of them scrutinizes the interactions through JNI in them. In this paper, we conduct a systematic study on tracking information flows through JNI in apps. More precisely, we first perform a large-scale examination on apps using JNI and report interesting observations. Then, we identify scenarios where information flows uncaught by existing systems can result in information leakage. Based on these insights, we propose and implement NDroid, an efficient dynamic taint analysis system for checking information flows through JNI. The evaluation through real apps shows NDroid can effectively identify information leaks through JNI with low performance overheads.
Olfactory Impairment Is Correlated with Confabulation in Alcoholism: Towards a Multimodal Testing of Orbitofrontal Cortex

Background Olfactory abilities are now a flourishing field in psychiatry research. As the orbitofrontal cortex appears to be simultaneously implicated in odour processing and executive impairments, it has been proposed that olfaction could constitute a cognitive marker of psychiatric states. While this assumption appears promising, very few studies have been conducted on this topic among psychopathological populations. The present study thus aimed at exploring the links between olfaction and executive functions. These links were evaluated using two tasks of comparable difficulty, one known to rely on orbitofrontal cortex processing (i.e., a confabulation task), and one not associated with this area (i.e., Stop-Signal task). Methodology/Principal Findings Twenty recently detoxified alcoholic individuals and twenty paired controls took part in an experiment evaluating olfactory abilities and executive functioning (i.e., Stop-Signal task and confabulation task). Comorbidities and potential biasing variables were also controlled for. Alcoholic individuals exhibited impaired performance for high-level olfactory processing and significant confabulation problems as compared to controls (but no deficit in Stop-Signal task), even when the influence of comorbidities was taken into account. Most importantly, olfactory abilities and confabulation rates were significantly correlated in both groups. Conclusions/Significance Alcoholism jointly leads to olfactory and memory source impairments, and these two categories of deficits are associated. These results strongly support the proposition that olfactory and confabulation measures both index orbitofrontal functioning, and suggest that olfaction could become a reliable cognitive marker in psychiatric disorders. Moreover, it underlines the need to take into account these olfactory and source memory impairments in a clinical context.
Preconditioning and convergence in the right norm

The convergence of numerical approximations to the solutions of differential equations is a key aspect of numerical analysis and scientific computing. Iterative solution methods for the systems of linear(ized) equations which often result are also underpinned by analyses of convergence. In the function space setting, it is widely appreciated that there are appropriate ways in which to assess convergence and it is well-known that different norms are not equivalent. In the finite dimensional linear algebra setting, however, all norms are equivalent and little attention is often paid to the norms used. In this paper, we highlight this consideration in the context of preconditioning for minimum residual methods (MINRES and GMRES/GCR/ORTHOMIN) and argue that even in the linear algebra setting there is a ‘right’ norm in which to consider convergence: stopping an iteration which is rapidly converging in an irrelevant or highly scaled norm at some tolerance level may still give a poor answer.
Organization of the actin filament cytoskeleton in the intestinal brush border: a quantitative and qualitative immunoelectron microscope study

In the present study we have used immunogold labeling of ultrathin sections of the intact chicken and human intestinal epithelium to obtain further insight into the molecular structure of the brush-border cytoskeleton. Actin, villin, and fimbrin were found within the entire microvillus filament bundle, from the tip to the basal end of the rootlets, but were virtually absent from the space between the rootlets. This suggests that the bulk of actin in the brush border is kept in a polymerized and cross-linked state and that horizontally deployed actin filaments are virtually absent. About 70% of the label specific for the 110-kD protein that links the microvillus core bundle to the lipid bilayer was found overlying the microvilli. The remaining label was associated with rootlets and the interrootlet space, where some label was regularly observed in association with vesicles. Since the terminal web did not contain any significant amounts of tubulin and microtubules, the present findings would support a recently proposed hypothesis that the 110-kD protein (which displays properties of an actin-activated, myosin-like ATPase) might also be involved in the transport of vesicles through the terminal web. Label specific for myosin and alpha-actinin was confined to the interrootlet space and was absent from the rootlets. About 10-15% of the myosin label and 70-80% of the alpha-actinin label was observed within the circumferential band of actin filaments at the zonula adherens, where myosin and alpha- actinin displayed a clustered, interrupted pattern that resembles the spacing of these proteins observed in other contractile systems. This circular filament ring did not contain villin, fimbrin, or the 110-kD protein. Finally, actin-specific label was observed in close association with the cytoplasmic aspect of the zonula occludens, suggesting that tight junctions are structurally connected to the microfilament system.
Novel Analysis for Performance Evaluation of Energy Detection of Unknown Deterministic Signals Using Dual Diversity

A novel approach is introduced for the analysis of energy detection of unknown deterministic signals, where the energy detector uses dual diversity reception. The energy detector is assumed to employ a low complexity diversity technique, namely square-law combining. A general case where the two diversity branches are correlated is treated by the analysis. Detection and false alarm probabilities for the energy detector are derived for correlated Rayleigh and Rician fading channels.
Reduced Basis Approximation and A Posteriori Error Estimation for Parametrized Partial Differential Equations

The text is focused on formulation, analysis, and computational procedures for reduced basis approximation and a posteriori error estimation for parametrized PDEs in the real-time and many-query contexts. The book also serves as background and (certain specific chapters) documentation for the companion rbMIT © MIT Software package. The book is intended to serve both "Developers" — numerical analysts and computational tool-builders — who wish to further develop the methodology, and "Users" — computational engineers and educators — who wish to apply the methodology to new applications. ("End Users" interested in the Worked Problems will not need the material in the book.) The book consists of General Preliminaries followed by nine Parts: each successive Part addresses a new class of problems in each case introduced by an appropriate abstraction and particular examples. We begin with parametrically coercive compliant problems and then proceed to general coercive elliptic problems (such as conduction, forced convection, and elasticity) and non-coercive elliptic problems (such as frequency-domain acoustics and elastodynamics); we next discuss parabolic problems (such as transient convection-diffusion); we then consider non-affine (in parameter) problems, and finally certain nonlinear problems (such as the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations).
Formalizing sensitivity in static analysis for intrusion detection

A key function of a host-based intrusion detection system is to monitor program execution. Models constructed using static analysis have the highly desirable feature that they do not produce false alarms; however, they may still miss attacks. Prior work has shown a trade-off between efficiency and precision. In particular, the more accurate models based upon pushdown automata (PDA) are very inefficient to operate due to non-determinism in stack activity. In this paper, we present techniques for determinizing PDA models. We first provide a formal analysis framework of PDA models and introduce the concepts of determinism and stack-determinism. We then present the VP-Static model, which achieves determinism by extracting information about stack activity of the program, and the Dyck model, which achieves stack-determinism by transforming the program and inserting code to expose program state. Our results show that in run-time monitoring, our models slow execution of our test programs by 1% to 135%. This shows that reasonable efficiency needs not be sacrificed for model precision. We also compare the two models and discover that deterministic PDA are more efficient, although stack-deterministic PDA require less memory.
Asymptotically efficient allocation rules for the multiarmed bandit problem with multiple plays-Part II: Markovian rewards

At each instant of time we are required to sample a fixed number m \geq 1 out of N i.i. d, processes whose distributions belong to a family suitably parameterized by a real number \theta . The objective is to maximize the long run total expected value of the samples. Following Lai and Robbins, the learning loss of a sampling scheme corresponding to a configuration of parameters C = (\theta_{1},., \theta_{N}) is quantified by the regret R_{n}(C) . This is the difference between the maximum expected reward at time n that could be achieved if C were known and the expected reward actually obtained by the sampling scheme. We provide a lower bound for the regret associated with any uniformly good scheme, and construct a scheme which attains the lower bound for every configuration C . The lower bound is given explicitly in terms of the Kullback-Liebler number between pairs of distributions. Part II of this paper considers the same problem when the reward processes are Markovian.
INFERRING INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN FMRI: FINDING BRAIN REGIONS WITH SIGNIFICANT WITHIN SUBJECT CORRELATION

Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies answer questions about activation effects in populations of subjects. To begin with, this involves appro- priate modeling of the fMRI data at the within-subject level. This is followed by extending the model to multiple subjects. There have been several attempts toward this extension, all of which have focused on inference on a single effect of interest (e.g., fMRI response for one type of working memory). However, the existing lit- erature does not seem to say much about the relevant inferential procedures when multiple effects are of interest (e.g., response for four different types of working memory). In particular, the within subject dependence of one activation effect on another is an important issue with a multivariate repeated measures model. While most standard statistical methods regard such correlation as a nuisance, to be ad- justed for and then ignored, we develop two simple and intuitive tests to make inference on the existence of such correlation. We demonstrate use of these tests by application to an fMRI study of attention switching. These tests are different not only from conventional tests for sphericity but also, more importantly, from the likelihood ratio test (LRT) of the relevant hypothesis. We also discuss what prompts us to look for tests different from the LRT.
Dimethyl 2,5-bis(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)benzene-1,4-dioate

In the title compound, C30H38O4S2, the centroid of the benzene ring lies on a center of inversion. The thiophene ring is aligned at 49.8 (1)° with respect to the benzene ring. The alkyl chain adopts an extended zigzag conformation.
An Origami Playing Simulator in the Virtual Space

SUMMARY A virtual manipulation system for origami (paper folding) is described. A piece of paper defined in a computer can be deformed interactively by picking and moving a corner vertex of a paper face on a graphic screen using a mouse. Three kinds of folding operations and a curving operation transform the paper into a three-dimensional figure made of flat or curved surfaces. The roundness of the curved surfaces is calculated in real-time by minimizing an elastic energy function. The simulated paper has traditional Japanese decoration applied as a texture to give a more realistic appearance. It is rendered with shading in real-time.
Generalization of Cramér-Rao and Bhattacharyya inequalities for the weighted covariance matrix

The paper considers a family of probability distribution depending on a parameter. The goal is to derive the generalized versions of Rao-Cramer, Bhattacharyya inequalities for the weighted covariance matrix and of the Kullback inequality for the weighted Kullback distance which are important objects themselves. The asymptotic forms of these inequalities for a particular family of probability distribution and for a particular class of weight functions are given.
Bacterial Prevalence and Antimicrobial Prescribing Trends for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobials are frequently prescribed for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI), although many are viral. We aimed to determine bacterial prevalence rates for 5 common childhood ARTI - acute otitis media (AOM), sinusitis, bronchitis, upper respiratory tract infection, and pharyngitis- and to compare these rates to nationally representative antimicrobial prescription rates for these ARTI. METHODS: We performed (1) a meta-analysis of English language pediatric studies published between 2000 and 2011 in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library to determine ARTI bacterial prevalence rates; and (2) a retrospective cohort analysis of children age <18 years evaluated in ambulatory clinics sampled by the 2000–2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) to determine estimated US ARTI antimicrobial prescribing rates. RESULTS: From the meta-analysis, the AOM bacterial prevalence was 64.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.5%–77.7%); Streptococcus pyogenes prevalence during pharyngitis was 20.2% (95% CI, 15.9%–25.2%). No URI or bronchitis studies met inclusion criteria, and 1 sinusitis study met inclusion criteria, identifying bacteria in 78% of subjects. Based on these condition-specific bacterial prevalence rates, the expected antimicrobial rescribing rate for ARTI overall was 27.4% (95% CI, 26.5%–28.3%). However, antimicrobial agents were prescribed in NAMCS during 56.9% (95% CI, 50.8%–63.1%) of ARTI encounters, representing an estimated 11.4 million potentially preventable antimicrobial prescriptions annually. CONCLUSIONS: An estimated 27.4% of US children who have ARTI have bacterial illness in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. Antimicrobials are prescribed almost twice as often as expected during outpatient ARTI visits, representing an important target for ongoing antimicrobial stewardship interventions.
A replication oriented approach to event based middleware over structured peer to peer networks

Due to efficient event dissemination and mobility support, event based middlewares are gaining popularity in pervasive computing environments. However, loss of events caused by broker/client failures or unreliable network connections is a common problem in existing event based middlewares. Middlewares providing support to critical distributed systems must be reliable enough not to lose published events. In this paper, we present the design of REM, a large scale Replication based type and attribute oriented Event Middleware over structured peer to peer (p2p) network. REM safeguards event losses by replicating the states of a broker in the neighboring overlay nodes. REM provides lossless mobility support to the clients even in a highly dynamic environment.
Integrated Care Pathways in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

Integrated Care Pathways in Adult Reconstruction refer to perioperative patient care programs designed to reduce the time to functional recovery after total joint arthroplasty surgery. The main objective of such protocols is to reduce costs and resource utilization without compromising quality of care or patient satisfaction. Integrated Care Pathways are stepwise multidisciplinary programs combining preoperative preparation, intraoperative care, and postoperative methods that positively influence postoperative recovery: patients, surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists are all active participants. This editorial reviews the state of the art of international “fast-track” total knee and hip protocols highlighting that the optimization of multidisciplinary pathways for joint arthroplasty might reduce morbidity and result in shorter length of stay.
Talking the Language of the Hands to the Hands. The Importance of Hands for the Person Who Is Deafblind. DB-LINK Fact Sheet.

This paper examines the importance of hands for the person who is deafblind, reviews hand development, and identifies specific teaching skills that facilitate hand development and expressiveness in persons who are deafblind. It notes that the hands of a deafblind individual serve not only as tools but also as sense organs (to compensate for their missing vision and hearing) and as the primary means of expression. The literature is reviewed on the role of hands in early development in general, hand development in the child who is blind, hand development in the child who is deaf, and hand development in the child who is deafblind. Among 13 suggested teaching strategies are: (1) watch and/or touch the individual's hands and learn to read them; (2) use the teacher's hand under the child's hand to respond to exploration, to initiate topics, and to express feeling; (3) make your hands available for the child to use as he/she wishes; (4) play interactive hand games frequently; (5) make environmental provisions to encourage hand activity; (6) invite the child who is deafblind to have frequent tactual access to the environment; (7) make language accessible to the hands of the person who is deafblind; and (8) become aware of your own hands as carriers of feelings and pragmatic functions. An "afterward" by Harlan Lane suggests that people with deafblindness can teach others how to channel information through the tactile sense. (DB) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************