Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Übergewicht als Schicksal? Die kognitive Steuerung des Eßverhaltens

Zusammenfassung. Fettleibigkeit oder Adipositas ist ein weit verbreitetes Problem, das nicht nur die Gesundheit beeintrachtigt, sondern auch ein soziales Stigma mit sich bringt. Viele Adipose suchen deshalb Abhilfe in gewichtsreduzierenden Diaten. In einem Uberblick der Befunde von Untersuchungen zur Langzeiteffektivitat von gewichtsreduzierenden Diaten wird gezeigt, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit, durch eine gewichtsreduzierende Diat das Normalgewicht zur erreichen und zu halten, fur Adipose extrem gering ist. Mit dem Konfliktmodell des Esverhaltens wird eine Theorie der kognitiven Steuerung des Esverhaltens vorgestellt, die nicht nur zum Verstandnis der Genese der Adipositas beitragt, sondern auch zur Erklarung der Schwierigkeiten von Adiposen beim Abnehmen. Es werden experimentelle Befunde diskutiert, die diese Theorie stutzen.
Deciding Boolean Separation Logic via Small Models (Technical Report)

We present a novel decision procedure for a fragment of separation logic (SL) with arbitrary nesting of separating conjunctions with boolean conjunctions, disjunctions, and guarded negations together with a support for the most common variants of linked lists. Our method is based on a model-based translation to SMT for which we introduce several optimisations$\unicode{x2013}$the most important of them is based on bounding the size of predicate instantiations within models of larger formulae, which leads to a much more efficient translation of SL formulae to SMT. Through a series of experiments, we show that, on the frequently used symbolic heap fragment, our decision procedure is competitive with other existing approaches, and it can outperform them outside the symbolic heap fragment. Moreover, our decision procedure can also handle some formulae for which no decision procedure has been implemented so far.
Comparing Online and Offline Modes of Survey Administration: VAA Versus Traditional Survey Administration

This paper addresses the issue of potential bias in VAA generated data. Specifically, we report the findings from a study whereby a VAA questionnaire was administered through two different modes. One group consisted of participants who filled an online version of the VAA while the other consisted of participants elicited through a traditional survey. We find that there is differential respondent behaviour among the two groups suggesting that VAA-generated data is not fully comparable to traditional survey data - though this does not mean VAA data is better or worse but rather that both modes of administration are subject to different forms of methodological bias.
Heterotopias in physical education: towards a queer pedagogy?

This article sets out to outline how prevailing gender structures can be challenged in physical education (PE) by exploring queer potentials in an event that took place during a dancing lesson in an upper secondary PE class. The event and its features were documented through video recording and post-lesson interviews with the teacher and some of the students. It is argued that the event can be seen as a heterotopia, according to Michel Foucault a ‘counter-site’ enabling the resistance to authority, where the production of normalcy was challenged. Furthermore, even though the event happened spontaneously, the authors suggest that it can show a way towards a queer pedagogy for PE through teaching paradoxically; it indicates a preferred ethos of the lesson and the use of conceptual tools by teachers and students that make them able to intervene in the production of normalcy.
Color Descriptor for Content-Based Drawing Retrieval

Human detection in computer vision field is an active field of research. Extending this to human-like drawings such as the main characters in comic book stories is not trivial. Comics analysis is a very recent field of research at the intersection of graphics, texts, objects and people recognition. The detection of the main comic characters is an essential step towards a fully automatic comic book understanding. This paper presents a color-based approach for comics character retrieval using content-based drawing retrieval and color palette.
Public forum mediation: a training exercise for conflict facilitation skills

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of public forum mediation as a model for training in and improvement of conflict facilitation skills.Design/methodology/approach – The training strategy integrates continuous involvement of all the trainees through the use of a reflective team. The team and trainees focus on recognizing communication patterns used by individuals engaged in conflict.Findings – Identifying communication patterns and strategies strengthens the trainees' ability to alter language use and nonverbal behavior during the facilitation process.Originality/value – The use of public forum mediation strategies within the training context offers new and different ways for examining communication in the process of conflict facilitation.
The regularizing effects of resetting in a particle system for the Burgers equation

We study the dissipation mechanism of a stochastic particle system for the Burgers equation. The velocity field of the viscous Burgers and Navier-Stokes equations can be expressed as an expected value of a stochastic process based on noisy particle trajectories [Constantin and Iyer Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 3 (2008) 330-345]. In this paper we study a particle system for the viscous Burgers equations using a Monte-Carlo version of the above; we consider N copies of the above stochastic flow, each driven by independent Wiener processes, and replace the expected value with $\frac{1}{N}$ times the sum over these copies. A similar construction for the Navier-Stokes equations was studied by Mattingly and the first author of this paper [Iyer and Mattingly Nonlinearity 21 (2008) 2537-2553]. Surprisingly, for any finite N, the particle system for the Burgers equations shocks almost surely in finite time. In contrast to the full expected value, the empirical mean $\frac{1}{N}\sum_1^N$ does not regularize the system enough to ensure a time global solution. To avoid these shocks, we consider a resetting procedure, which at first sight should have no regularizing effect at all. However, we prove that this procedure prevents the formation of shocks for any $N\geq2$, and consequently as $N\to\infty$ we get convergence to the solution of the viscous Burgers equation on long time intervals.
Use of orthographic structure by deaf adults: Recognition of fingerspelled words

ABSTRACT Deaf adults' access to English word structure was tested in a task requiring letter report for fingerspelled words, orthographically regular nonsense words (pseudowords), and orthographically irregular nonsense words (nonwords). Deaf subjects, like hearing subjects, were sensitive to orthographic structure as indicated by accuracy of letter report: Letters of words were reported most accurately, while letters of pseudowords were reported more accurately than letters of nonwords. Analysis of errors on letter reports revealed that deaf subjects tended to produce orthographically regular responses. These results provide clear evidence that deaf adults are able to make use of orthographic structure.
Cross-reactive dengue human monoclonal antibody prevents severe pathologies and death from Zika virus infections

Zika virus (ZIKV) infections have been linked with neurological complications and congenital Zika syndrome. Given the high level of homology between ZIKV and the related flavivirus dengue virus (DENV), we investigated the level of cross-reactivity with ZIKV using a panel of DENV human mAbs. A majority of the mAbs showed binding to ZIKV virions, with several exhibiting neutralizing capacities against ZIKV in vitro. Three of the best ZIKV-neutralizing mAbs were found to recognize diverse epitopes on the envelope (E) glycoprotein: the highly conserved fusion-loop peptide, a conformation-specific epitope on the E monomer, and a quaternary epitope on the virion surface. The most potent ZIKV-neutralizing mAb (SIgN-3C) was assessed in 2 type I interferon receptor–deficient (IFNAR–/–) mouse models of ZIKV infection. Treatment of adult nonpregnant mice with SIgN-3C rescued mice from virus-induced weight loss and mortality. The SIgN-3C variant with Leu-to-Ala mutations in the Fc region (SIgN-3C-LALA) did not induce antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in vitro but provided similar levels of protection in vivo. In pregnant ZIKV-infected IFNAR–/– mice, treatment with SIgN-3C or SIgN-3C-LALA significantly reduced viral load in the fetal organs and placenta and abrogated virus-induced fetal growth retardation. Therefore, SIgN-3C-LALA holds promise as a ZIKV prophylactic and therapeutic agent.
Efficiently searching the important input variables using Bayesian discriminant

This paper focuses on enhancing feature selection (FS) performance on a classification data set. First, a novel FS criterion using the concept of Bayesian discriminant is introduced. The proposed criterion is able to measure the classification ability of a feature set (or, a combination of the weighted features) in a direct way. This guarantees excellent FS results. Second, FS is conducted by optimizing the newly derived criterion in a continuous space instead of by heuristically searching features in a discrete feature space. Using this optimizing strategy, FS efficiency can be significantly improved. In this study, the proposed supervised FS scheme is compared with other related methods on different classification problems in which the number of features ranges from 33 to over 12,000. The presented results are very promising and corroborate the contributions of this study.
Executive overstretch: South African broadcasting independence and accountability under Thabo Mbeki

Abstract In this article I examine the extent of the South African broadcasting sector's independence and accountability since Thabo Mbeki became president in 1999. I trace how the independence of two institutions – the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (Icasa) and the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) – has been eroded over this period. While initially the government justified this erosion as being necessary to attain developmental objectives in the context of a globalising economy, more lately there have been attempts to justify greater state control of content. Icasa has been subjected to greater direct executive control, and there are attempts to intensify this control, while the executive exercises indirect control over the SABC. Greater accountability to the state has been accompanied by a decline in public accountability. I conclude by arguing that the experiences with Icasa and the SABC give credence to the argument made by several international NGOs that media freedom in South Africa is declining, in spite of official protestations to the contrary. I also argue that this control has damaged the integrity of these institutions, and that this integrity must be restored now that Mbeki's presidency is coming to an end.
“That's not how I see it”: female and male perspectives on the academic role

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a piece of empirical work that examines gender differences in how academics make sense of performance within university business schools in the UK.Design/methodology/approach – The research reported draws on data collected using a life history and repertory grid methodology with male and female interviewees from two university business schools.Findings – The findings are discussed in relation to how academics understand what is valued about their role and what they believe the organisation rewards and values when it comes to promotion. Gender differences are shown to exist in the ways women and men define the academic role and in what they think is important both to themselves and the institution.Originality/value – The paper presents original data on gender differences within a business school context.
A Grid-enabled framework of expertise search engine using Web-based online communities

Existing search engines like Google, Yahoo! , Live etc. are not yet capable to answer queries that require deep semantic understanding of the query or the document. Instead, it is preferable to find and ask someone who has related expertise or experience on a topic and thus Web-based online communities have become important places for people to seek and share expertise. We need to gather the data that describes these online communities. But extracting, aggregating and analyzing data from these communities for finding experts on a single framework is a challenging task. Also there is no universal standard data structure for the outline of user participation in these communities. In this paper, we present a Grid-enabled framework of expertise search (GREFES) engine which utilizes online communities as sources for experts on various topics. This is a work in progress. We also propose an open data structure called SNML (Social Network Markup Language) to outline user participation in online communities. The architecture addresses major challenges in crawling of community data and query processing by utilizing Grid. An expert ranking algorithm is also discussed and evaluated.
Microbial Dysbiosis in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Patients

The composition of the human intestinal microbiota is linked to health status. The aim was to analyze the microbiota of normal and colon cancer patients in order to establish cancer-related dysbiosis. Patients and Methods Stool bacterial DNA was extracted prior to colonoscopy from 179 patients: 60 with colorectal cancer, and 119 with normal colonoscopy. Bacterial genes obtained by pyrosequencing of 12 stool samples (6 Normal and 6 Cancer) were subjected to a validated Principal Component Analysis (PCA) test. The dominant and subdominant bacterial population (C. leptum, C. coccoides, Bacteroides/Prevotella, Lactobacillus/Leuconostoc/Pediococcus groups, Bifidobacterium genus, and E. coli, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species) were quantified in all individuals using qPCR and specific IL17 producer cells in the intestinal mucosa were characterized using immunohistochemistry. Findings Pyrosequencing (Minimal sequence 200 nucleotide reads) revealed 80% of all sequences could be assigned to a total of 819 taxa based on default parameter of Classifier software. The phylogenetic core in Cancer individuals was different from that in Normal individuals according to the PCA analysis, with trends towards differences in the dominant and subdominant families of bacteria. Consequently, All-bacteria [log10 (bacteria/g of stool)] in Normal, and Cancer individuals were similar [11.88±0.35, and 11.80±0.56, respectively, (P = 0.16)], according to qPCR values whereas among all dominant and subdominant species only those of Bacteroides/Prevotella were higher (All bacteria-specific bacterium; P = 0.009) in Cancer (-1.04±0.55) than in Normal (-1.40±0.83) individuals. IL17 immunoreactive cells were significantly expressed more in the normal mucosa of cancer patients than in those with normal colonoscopy. Conclusion This is the first large series to demonstrate a composition change in the microbiota of colon cancer patients with possible impact on mucosal immune response. These data open new filed for mass screening and pathophysiology investigations.
AS WEIGHTED POINT SETS 2 2 Melodies as weighted point sets

Most of the existing methods for measuring melodic similarity use one-dimensional textual representations of music notation, so that melodic similarity can be measured by calculating editing distances. We view notes as weighted points in a two-dimensional space, with the coordinates of the points reflecting the pitch and onset time of notes and the weights of points depending on the corresponding notes' duration and importance. This enables us to measure similarity by using the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) and the Proportional Transportation Distance (PTD), a pseudo-metric for weighted point sets which is based on the EMD. A comparison of our experiment results with earlier work shows that by using weighted point sets and the EMD/PTD instead of Howard's method (1998) using the DARMS encoding for determining melodic similarity, it is possible to group together about twice as many known occurrences of a melody within the RISM A/II collection. Also, the percentage of successfully identified authors of anonymous incipits can almost be doubled by comparing weighted point sets instead of looking for identical representations in Plaine & Easie encoding as Schlichte did in 1990.
Deriving Agent-Based Simulation Models from Textual Data

This paper describes a project to investigate the feasibility of building agent-based social simulation models from a combination of textual data and limited observational notes. As an example, we have developed a proof-of-concept Java-based simulation of one notional day at a scientific conference, based on the MODSIM 2005 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Textual processing of the conference proceedings was used to build a common-interest network between authors, which in turn was used to drive agent processes for choosing paper presentations to attend and people with which to interact. Specifically, correlations between frequencies of word pairs was used to derive similarities between papers, and hence between authors. Diary notes taken during the MODSIM 2005 International Congress were also used in developing the simulation, which was written in the Java programming language. The conference simulation shows realistic emergent phenomena, such as increasing clustering of conversing participants during the course of the day. The use of textual data does not completely eliminate the need for observational data, and more extensive observational notes would have assisted in producing a more detailed simulation of MODSIM 2005. However, we have demonstrated that the analysis of textual data can be used to simplify model development. In developing more general organisational simulations, time lags in the production of streams of text documents can be used to estimate the delays inherent in organisational processes. As a preliminary investigation of this approach, which we intend to pursue in further work, we show how a time delay can be extracted from the simple text snippets contained in two Internet news feeds.
Aligning the PRME

Productive relationships between business schools and corporate organizations provide fertile ground for bringing business leaders, faculty, students, and community partners face-to-face with contemporaries abroad to foster development of responsible global leadership competencies. While well-orchestrated multicountry collaboration offers unique opportunities for many stakeholders to gain life-altering perspectives, embedding international field work and experiential pedagogy in a business curriculum is not without risk. Utilizing content analysis, this study provides evidence of the development of five specific responsible leadership competencies as a result of experiential learning through international study trips across three different academic years and student cohorts. These immersive study abroad experiences were designed to integrate cross-disciplinary course content through first-hand examination of global practices in social, financial, and environmental management in context while aligning MBA pedagogy with all six Principles for Responsible Management Education.
Compact and flexible raster scanning multiphoton endoscope capable of imaging unstained tissue

We present a compact and flexible endoscope (3-mm outer diameter, 4-cm rigid length) that utilizes a miniaturized resonant/nonresonant fiber raster scanner and a multielement gradient-index lens assembly for two-photon excited intrinsic fluorescence and second-harmonic generation imaging of biological tissues. The miniaturized raster scanner is fabricated by mounting a commercial double-clad optical fiber (DCF) onto two piezo bimorphs that are aligned such that their bending axes are perpendicular to each other. Fast lateral scanning of the laser illumination at 4.1 frames/s (512 lines per frame) is achieved by simultaneously driving the DCF cantilever at its resonant frequency in one dimension and nonresonantly in the orthogonal axis. The implementation of a DCF into the scanner enables simultaneous delivery of the femtosecond pulsed 800-nm excitation source and epi-collection of the signal. Our device is able to achieve a field-of-view (FOVxy) of 110 μm by 110 μm with a highly uniform pixel dwell time. The lateral and axial resolutions for two-photon imaging are 0.8 and 10 μm, respectively. The endoscope’s imaging capabilities were demonstrated by imaging ex vivo mouse tissue through the collection of intrinsic fluorescence and second-harmonic signal without the need for staining. The results presented here indicate that our device can be applied in the future to perform minimally invasive in vivo optical biopsies for medical diagnostics.
Narration and Vividness as Measures of Event-Specificity in Autobiographical Memory

The event specificity of autobiographical memories refers to the degree to which retold memories include specific details about a unique personal experience from a variety of representational systems supported by different brain areas. This article proposes 2 text measures as indicators of event specificity: (a) a measure of temporal sequence in narration (Labov & Waletzky, 1967; Nelson & Horowitz, 2001) and (b) referential activity (RA; Bucci, 1997). Temporal sequence in narration measures the degree to which a personal memory includes clauses spoken in the same order as the speaker's representation of events. RA is text vividness, or the extent to which words clearly refer to a speaker's detailed cognitive, sensory, and emotional experiences. This article hypothesizes that temporal sequences and RA are both signs of speaker activation of event-specific memories and should be positively correlated. Using 55 transcripts from high school students interviewed about their “most stressful time,” this article analyzes the first 250 words of each memory for narrative temporal sequences and for RA. Number of temporal sequences and RA scores were positively associated (Spearman's r = .69, p < .001), consistent with the hypothesis.
Upper Limb Grafts for Hemodialysis Access

Arteriovenous (AV) grafts are required for hemodialysis access when options for native fistulas have been fully exhausted, where they continue to play an important role in hemodialysis patients, offering a better alternative to central vein catheters. When planning autogenous accesses using Doppler ultrasound, adequate arterial inflow and venous outflow must be consciously preserved for future access creation with grafts. Efforts to improve graft patency include changing graft configuration, graft biology and hemodynamics. Industry offers early cannulation grafts to reduce central catheter use and a bioengineered graft is undergoing clinical studies. Although the outcome of AV grafts is inferior to fistulas, grafts can provide long-term hemodialysis access that is a better alternative to central venous catheters. AV grafts have significant drawbacks, mainly poor patency, infection and cost but also have some advantages: early maturation, ease of creation and needling and widespread availability. The outcome of AV graft surgery is variable from center to center. The primary patency rate for AV grafts is 58% at 6 months and the secondary patency rate is 76% at 6 months and 55% at 18 months. There are centers of excellence that report a 1 year secondary patency rate of up to 91%. In this review of the use of AV grafts for hemodialysis access in the upper extremities, technical issues involved in planning the access and performing the surgery in its different configurations are discussed and the role of surveillance and maintenance with their attendant surgical and radiological interventions is described.