Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Introducing Preferences in Planning as Satisfiability

Planning as Satisfiability is one of the most well-known and effective techniques for classical planning: satplan has been the winning system in the deterministic track for optimal planners in the 4th International Planning Competition (IPC) and a cowinner in the 5th IPC. Given a planning problem Π and a makespan n, the approach based on satisfiability (a.k.a. SAT-based) simply works by (i) constructing a SAT formula Π n and (ii) checking Ðn for satisfiability: if there is a model for Π n then we have found a plan, otherwise n is increased. The approach guarantees that the makespan is optimal, i.e. minimum. In this article we extend the Planning as Satisfiability approach in order to handle preferences and satplan in order to solve problems with simple preferences. This allows, e.g. to take into consideration ‘plan quality’ issues other than makespan, like number of actions and ‘soft’ goals. The basic idea is to explore the search space of possible plans in accordance with the given partially ordered preferences.We first prove that, at fixed makespan, our approach returns an ‘optimal’ plan, if any. Then, considering both classical planning problems and problems coming from IPC-5, we show that satplan extended in order to deal with preferences: (i) returns optimal plans that are often of considerable better quality, i.e. with fewer actions or with a better plan metric on soft goals, than satplan; and (ii) is overall competitive, in terms of plan quality, with sgplan, the winning system in the ‘SimplePreferences’ category of the IPC-5. Notably, such results are often obtained without sacrificing efficiency.
Large Vocabulary SOUL Neural Network Language Models

This paper presents continuation of research on Structured OUtput Layer Neural Network language models (SOUL NNLM) for automatic speech recognition. As SOUL NNLMs allow estimating probabilities for all in-vocabulary words and not only for those pertaining to a limited shortlist, we investigate its performance on a large-vocabulary task. Significant improvements both in perplexity and word error rate over conventional shortlist-based NNLMs are shown on a challenging Arabic GALE task characterized by a recognition vocabulary of about 300k entries. A new training scheme is proposed for SOUL NNLMs that is based on separate training of the outof-shortlist part of the output layer. It enables using more data at each iteration of a neural network without any considerable slow-down in training and brings additional improvements in speech recognition performance.
Pediatric Neuromodulation Comes of Age.

This special issue surveys recent work and underscores the challenges of psychiatric brain stimulation research with child and adolescent populations. The field of child and adolescent psychopharmacology is replete with examples of potential pitfalls in the assumption that "children are little adults. " Arguably, younger age portends more neurobiological and descriptive heterogeneity in research pursuits and clinical practice. For existing brain stimulation modalities, there are a paucity of translational models to design studies for youth and no well-studied dosing schemes. The long-term positive and negative effects of neuromodulation interventions in youth are unknown. Inherent pragmatic and ethical limitations often present barriers for participant recruitment and will necessitate innovative approaches to study design and team efforts. These challenges are not insurmountable, and sustained efforts will advance the growing field of pediatric neuromodulation.
An evaluation of the irritancy potential of povidone iodine solutions: comparison of subjective and objective assessment techniques

A double‐blind study has been carried out in 12 normal volunteer subjects in order to determine the relative irritancy of povidone‐iodine solutions. Aqueous solutions of of povidone‐iodine (PI), standardized 10%, povidone‐iodine (SPI) and reformulated standardized 10%, povidone‐iodine (RSPI) were applied to the backs and occluded using aluminium chambers. At 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hours, chambers were removed and the degree of cutaneous irritancy assessed. As well as subjective assessment of erythema, objective measurement of skin colour was performed using an erythema meter. In addition, laser Doppler blood‐flow measurements have been carried out. The results show a rapid increase in cutaneous irritancy as evidenced by an increase in visual scores of erythema, increased erythema meter readings and increased cutaneous blood‐How. The increase was greatest for SPI treated sites for all three methods. Statistically these differences were significant at P<0·05. Thus in this controlled study it has been possible to discriminate between the similar formulations in terms of their cutaneous irritancy.
Revealing the Invisible : Confronting Passive Racism in Teacher Education

This book examines and confronts the passive and often unconscious racism of white teacher education students, offering a critical tool in the effort to make education more equitable. Sherry Marx provides a consciousness-raising account of how white teachers must come to recognize their own positions of privilege and work actively to create anti-racist teaching techniques and learning environments for children of color and children learning English as a second language.
Oblivious Transfer with Fine Grained Access Control from Ciphertext Policy Attribute Based Encryption in the Standard Model

In this work, an oblivious transfer with complex access control scheme that is constructed based on ciphertext policy attribute based encryption (CP-ABE) scheme is proposed. In this scheme, the database server can enforce fine grained access control for each record where the authorized user is allowed to access, but the unauthorized user cannot, whereas it learns neither which record a user accesses, nor which attributes a user has. This scheme has the advantages as follows: First, it allows the expressive access control policies where access structures are based on linear secret sharing scheme that directly supports AND, OR and Threshold gates. Second, the communication complexity in this scheme is constant in the numbers of records which have been accessed. Third, this scheme is constructed in prime order bilinear group. Fourth, this scheme is secure in the standard model. To the best of our knowledge, this scheme is the first to obtain these features simultaneously.
EEG/ERP: Within Episodic Assessment Framework for Cognition

This work explores the potential for electroencephalography (EEG)-based event-related potential (ERP) measurements to be included in the framework for episodic assessment. In current discrete clinical cognitive assessment methods used to diagnose mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia, physicians see patients annually or biannually. They rely on patient’s history and clinical cognitive assessments to identify changes in memory or functional ability as indications of MCI/dementia in conjunction with exclusionary tests. They are limited in these discrete assessments by their accuracy and infrequent occurrence. The episodic assessment framework proposed will allow better ongoing information about the true well-being of the patient through assessment of memory and functional cognitive ability on a weekly or even daily basis between appointments. This paper identifies features of EEG/ERP measurements during Neuropsychological Behavioral Testing that could allow the future inclusion in the framework using now available consumer EEG devices. A pilot group of 32 participants (17 healthy, 15 MCI) was studied using a 1-back test, while their brain activity was measured using EEG. Features of the ERP thus generated were identified and measured. These ERP features and associated behavioral measurements from the 1-back test were analyzed to identify features both alone and in combination that allowed the correct classification of the participants using a repeated leave-one-out train and test method. A feature pair (1-back response time and CPz correlation) was identified that provides the best two-feature performance (1 false positive/1 false negative error) with a third feature (response required – Pz P1 to N1 latency) providing additional improvement. Given these results, it is possible that episodic ERP measurements may help with cognitive impairment diagnosis in the future.
Disk I/O, a study in shifting bottlenecks

There is a growing body of research into methods of better matching disk memory system and processor performance. It is demonstrated using a few example techniques from current research that the underlying result of this work is to move the performance bottlenecks of disk systems between the seek, latency, and data transfer phases. It is suggested that, through the use of analysis of the type illustrated, queuing network bottleneck analysis and simple simulations can accurately predict system performance enhancements. <<ETX>>
End-to-end delay analysis in wireless sensor networks with service vacation

In this paper, a delay-sensitive multi-hop wireless sensor network is considered, employing an M/G/1 with vacations framework. Sensors transmit measurements to a predefined data sink subject to maximum end-to-end delay constraint. In order to prolong the battery lifetime, a sleeping scheme is adopted throughout the network nodes. The objective of our proposed framework is to present an expression for maximum hop-count as well as an approximate expression of the probability of blocking at the sink node upon violating certain end-to-end delay threshold. Using numerical simulations, we validate the proposed analytical model and demonstrate that the blocking probability of the system for various vacation time distributions matches the simulation results.
Using Homework Assignments in Cognitive Behavior Therapy

About the Editors. Contributors. Part I: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations. Introduction and Overview. Theoretical Foundations. Empirical Foundations. Assessment of Homework Completion. Part II: Clinical Applications. Panic, Agoraphobia, and Generalized Anxiety. Depression. Substance Abuse. Delusions and Hallucinations. Obsessions and Compulsions. Sexual Problems. Borderline Traits. Children. Adolescents. Older Adults. Couples. Families.
Nutritional Evaluation of an EPA-DHA Oil from Transgenic Camelina sativa in Feeds for Post-Smolt Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Vegetable oils (VO) are possible substitutes for fish oil in aquafeeds but their use is limited by their lack of omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). However, oilseed crops can be modified to produce n-3 LC-PUFA such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, representing a potential option to fill the gap between supply and demand of these important nutrients. Camelina sativa was metabolically engineered to produce a seed oil with around 15% total n-3 LC-PUFA to potentially substitute for fish oil in salmon feeds. Post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed for 11-weeks with one of three experimental diets containing either fish oil (FO), wild-type Camelina oil (WCO) or transgenic Camelina oil (DCO) as added lipid source to evaluate fish performance, nutrient digestibility, tissue n-3 LC-PUFA, and metabolic impact determined by liver transcriptome analysis. The DCO diet did not affect any of the performance or health parameters studied and enhanced apparent digestibility of EPA and DHA compared to the WCO diet. The level of total n-3 LC-PUFA was higher in all the tissues of DCO-fed fish than in WCO-fed fish with levels in liver similar to those in fish fed FO. Endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthetic activity was observed in fish fed both the Camelina oil diets as indicated by the liver transcriptome and levels of intermediate metabolites such as docosapentaenoic acid, with data suggesting that the dietary combination of EPA and DHA inhibited desaturation and elongation activities. Expression of genes involved in phospholipid and triacylglycerol metabolism followed a similar pattern in fish fed DCO and WCO despite the difference in n-3 LC-PUFA contents.
The Forgotten Mourners: Guidelines for Working with Bereaved Children

Introduction 1. How Children Grieve 2. Traumatic Bereavement. 3. Secondary Losses in Bereavement. 4. What Do Children Need? 5. What Can Adults Do? 6. What Can Schools and Teachers Do? 7. What Can Social Workers Do? 8. Working With Bereaved Children. 9. Guidelines for Effective Coping. References. Resources.
Parental bereavement when a child with an intellectual disability dies

This thesis describes a series of studies investigating the experiences of parents whose child with an intellectual disability has died. Parental bereavement research has identified a range of symptoms exhibited in grief, and acknowledged that circumstances surrounding the loss may have an impact on symptoms exhibited. Little is known about the circumstances surrounding the death of a child with an intellectual disability. An extensive review of the literature (Chapter 2) uncovered a small number of qualitative studies with such an experience as their focus. Reports of disenfranchised grief, unsatisfactory healthcare, variations in coping strategies, and positive reflections characterised parents' accounts. The aim of the thesis was to use mixed methods to investigate the variety of parental experience when a child with an intellectual disability dies. In Study 1 (Chapter 3) Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to inspect nine mothers' accounts of the parenting and bereavement experience. Five themes emerged: loss; benefit finding; coping; sources of support; and medical relationships. Similar analysis of interviews with six bereaved couples of children with Down syndrome and a congenital heart condition (CHC; Chapter 4) highlighted differences that result when couples are faced by a bereavement. Four themes were extracted from the data: "One disastrous diagnosis after another"; "We had to make a decision"; "We weren't really going through it together"; and Ripples from the child's life. Quantitative analysis of the experiences of 38 mothers whose child with Down syndrome and a CHC died (Chapter 5) uncovered intense grief reactions alongside high levels of positive perceptions. Mothers with higher grief scores used more active avoidant coping strategies. Regression analysis indicated that the use of active avoidant coping and holding positive perceptions accounted for a significant amount of variance in total grief scores. Findings of these three studies are discussed in terms of their contribution to the literature, implications for policy and practice, methodological and theoretical limitations, and potential avenues for future research.
What drives content tagging: the case of photos on Flickr

We examine tagging behavior on Flickr, a public photo-sharing website. We build on previous qualitative research that exposed a taxonomy of tagging motivations, as well as on social presence research. The motivation taxonomy suggests that motivations for tagging are tied to the intended target audience of the tags --- the users themselves, family and friends, or the general public. Using multiple data sources, including a survey and independent system data, we examine which motivations are associated with tagging level, and estimate the magnitude of their contribution. We find that the levels of the Self and Public motivations, together with social presence indicators, are positively correlated with tagging level; Family & Friends motivations are not significantly correlated with tagging. The findings and the use of survey method carry implications for designers of tagging and other social systems on the web.
Hox patterning of the vertebrate axial skeleton

The axial skeleton in all vertebrates is composed of similar components that extend from anterior to posterior along the body axis: the occipital skull bones and cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae. Despite significant changes in the number and size of these elements during evolution, the basic character of these anatomical elements, as well as the order in which they appear in vertebrate skeletons, have remained remarkably similar. Through extensive expression analyses, classic morphological perturbation experiments in chicken and targeted loss‐of‐function analyses in mice, Hox genes have proven to be critical regulators in the establishment of axial skeleton morphology. The convergence of these studies to date allows an emerging understanding of Hox gene function in patterning the vertebrate axial skeleton. This review summarizes genetic and embryologic findings regarding the role of Hox genes in establishing axial morphology and how these combined results impact our current understanding of the vertebrate Hox code. Developmental Dynamics 236:2454–2463, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of detection techniques for capillary electrophoresis analysis of gold nanoparticles

As metallic nanoparticles are growing in importance as analytes in CE, increases an interest in appropriate detection methods for their quantification in various samples. For gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), the most common UV detection poses intricacy of inadequate sensitivity that hinders the applicability of CE. With the objective of resolving this challenge, UV detection was compared with C4D and ICP‐MS as alternative modes of detection for AuNPs. A C4D detector, applied under pressure‐driven conditions, exhibited better sensitivity than a UV detector. However, C4D turned to be unsatisfactory to differentiate the signal of AuNPs at common CE conditions despite varying the nature of BGE and detection conditions. Due to intrinsic sensitivity and low background levels typical to Au, ICP‐MS greatly surpasses UV detection. After optimization trials, CE‐ICP‐MS gained the LOD of AuNPs as low as 2 × 10–15 M, as well as an excellent performance in terms of signal stability and linearity. Also importantly, the optimized BGE appears to be well matched to explore the behavior of AuNPs in biologically relevant systems. This was demonstrated by probing the interaction between AuNPs and the main blood‐transporting protein, HSA.
Extraction and remeshing of ellipsoidal representations from mesh data

Dense 3D polygon meshes are now a pervasive product of various modelling and scanning processes that need to be subsequently processed and structured appropriately for various applications. In this paper we address the restructuring of dense polygon meshes using their segmentation based on a number of ellipsoidal regions. We present a simple segmentation algorithm where connected components of a mesh are fit to ellipsoidal surface regions. The segmentation of a mesh into a small number of ellipsoidal elements makes for a compact geometric representation and facilitates efficient geometric queries and transformations. We also contrast and compare two polygon remeshing techniques based on the ellipsoidal surfaces and the segmentation boundaries.
The Relationship between Social Support and Stress in Adolescent Mothers

ABSTRACT. This study addressed the questions of whether younger and older adolescent mothers differ in type and amount of stress and social support and whether social support can reduce stress in this population. Research archives were examined to identify mothers 18 years old and younger who attended a special well-baby clinic during a 1-year period when the Barth questionnaire, a measure of perceived stress, was being collected. There were 62 who had completed at least two or more questionnaires that included a measure of attitude toward the pregnancy, attitudes toward childrearing, attitudes toward the infant, and assessment of social support completed in early infancy. Of these, 47 also completed the Barth questionnaire and 48 had a measure of life event stress in the first year. Compared with senior (age 17 and 18) adolescent mothers, junior mothers (younger than age 17) had significantly more negative attitudes toward the pregnancy (p < .007), less current perceived stress after the baby was born (p < .02), and more social support (p < .002). Path analysis indicated that those who were more anxious during pregnancy got more support even after partialing out the effects of maternal age; but after birth, social support was associated with less stress. Hostile childrearing attitudes contributed to increased stress with a pattern suggesting that those with more hostile attitudes engaged in behavior that contributed directly to making their lives more stressful as well as less effective in obtaining the support they needed. J Dev Behav Pediatr 14:369–374, 1993. Index terms: adolescent mothers, social support, stress, childrearing attitudes, path analysis.
Bone mineral density, adiposity, and cognitive functions

Cognitive decline and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been associated with genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. A number of potentially modifiable risk factors should be taken into account when preventive or ameliorative interventions targeting dementia and its preclinical stages are investigated. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition are two such potentially modifiable risk factors, and their association with cognitive decline was investigated in this study. 164 participants, aged 34–87 years old (62.78 ± 9.27), were recruited for this longitudinal study and underwent cognitive and clinical examinations at baseline and after 3 years. Blood samples were collected for apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was conducted at the same day as cognitive assessment. Using hierarchical regression analysis, we found that BMD and lean body mass, as measured using DXA were significant predictors of episodic memory. Age, gender, APOE status, and premorbid IQ were controlled for. Specifically, the List A learning from California Verbal Learning Test was significantly associated with BMD and lean mass both at baseline and at follow up assessment. Our findings indicate that there is a significant association between BMD and lean body mass and episodic verbal learning. While the involvement of modifiable lifestyle factors in human cognitive function has been examined in different studies, there is a need for further research to understand the potential underlying mechanisms.
Manchester computing machine : general topics Universal Turing Machine

The implications of " fuzzy " methodologies have been far-reaching and pervasive. After years of natural research into compilers, we disprove the refinement of massive multi-player online role-playing games, which embodies the structured principles of cryptogra-Our focus in this paper is not on whether agents can be made semantic, cacheable, and certifiable, but rather on describing new autonomous methodologies (Overawe).
Cure to the Landau–Pomeranchuk and associated long-wavelength Fermi-surface instabilities on the lattice

The cure to the l = 1 Landau–Pomeranchuk instabilities in translationally invariant fermions is shown to be a state with an anisotropic gap at the Fermi surface. For higher l and for fermions on a lattice, the general criteria for long-wavelength instabilities and their cure are found in terms of the derivatives of the single particle self-energy with respect to momentum for spin-symmetric instabilities and with respect to magnetic field for spin-antisymmetric instabilities. The results may be relevant to identifying hidden order parameters found in many metals.