Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incremental Quantitative Analysis on Dynamic Costs

In quantitative program analysis, values are assigned to execution traces to represent a quality measure. Such analyses cover important applications, e.g. resource usage. Examining all traces is well known to be intractable and therefore traditional algorithms reason over an over-approximated set. Typically, inaccuracy arises due to inclusion of infeasible paths in this set. Thus path-sensitivity is one cure. However, there is another reason for the inaccuracy: that the cost model, i.e., the way in which the analysis of each trace is quantified, is dynamic. That is, the cost of a trace is dependent on the context in which the trace is executed. Thus the goal of accurate analysis, already challenged by path-sensitivity, is now further challenged by context-sensitivity. In this paper, we address the problem of quantitative analysis defined over a dynamic cost model. Our algorithm is an "anytime" algorithm: it generates an answer quickly, but if the analysis resource budget allows, it progressively produces better solutions via refinement iterations. The result of each iteration remains sound, but importantly, must converge to an exact analysis when given an unlimited resource budget. In order to be scalable, our algorithm is designed to be incremental. We finally give evidence that a new level of practicality is achieved by an evaluation on a realistic collection of benchmarks.
Physiological indicators for the evaluation of co-located collaborative play

Emerging technologies offer new ways of using entertainment technology to foster interactions between players and connect people. Evaluating collaborative entertainment technology is challenging because success is not defined in terms of productivity and performance, but in terms of enjoyment and interaction. Current subjective methods are not sufficiently robust in this context. This paper describes an experiment designed to test the efficacy of physiological measures as evaluators of collaborative entertainment technologies. We found evidence that there is a different physiological response in the body when playing against a computer versus playing against a friend. These physiological results are mirrored in the subjective reports provided by the participants. We provide an initial step towards using physiological responses to objectively evaluate a user's experience with collaborative entertainment technology.
Implementing school-based teacher development in Tanzania

This paper reports on the findings of a pilot school-based professional development programme for Tanzanian primary school teachers launched in February 2011 and evaluated in December 2012 by the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training with the support of UNICEF. The study set out to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of the pilot programme in changing pedagogical practices before it was scaled up nationally. It was found that teachers who had participated in the school-based training showed significant differences in their pedagogical practices and demonstrated a positive attitude towards their training and their pupils, and saw teaching and learning as an interactive, communicative process. Drawing on the findings, the paper explores the challenges and the lessons learned for scaling up school-based teacher development at the national level in Tanzania and other countries in the east and southern African region.
Nonlinear dynamics modelling for controller evolution

The problem of how to acquire a model of a physical robot,which is fit for evolution of controllers that can subsequently be used to control that robot, is considered in the context of racing a radio-controlled toy car around a randomised track. Several modelling techniques are compared, and the specific properties of the acquired models that influence the quality of the evolved controller are discussed. As we aim tominimise the amount of domain knowledge used, we furtherinvestigate the relation between the assumptions about the modelled system made by particular modelling techniques and the suitability of the acquired models as bases for controller evolution. We find that none of the models acquired is good enough on its own, and that a key to evolving robustbehaviour is to evaluate controllers simultaneously on multiple models during evolution. Examples of successfully evolved racing control for the physical car are analysed.
Bandwidth enhancement of low noise amplifier using inductive source and distributed components

LNA designed for 1 to 2.8 GHz frequency band using pHEMT ATF34143, is studied with respect to some remedies and worked on few factors which enhanced bandwidth of LNA with respect to improvement in Return loss as well as gain linearity. Earlier published work for designing LNA has been given some modification by disturbing Source reactance to meet optimum noise impedance closer to S11. As replacement of lumped component matching provided wider bandwidth as well as reduction in numbers of lumped components too. This work represent 40% enhancement in bandwidth using inductive source degeneration technique as well as distributed components. This LNA design is improved using Advanced Design System (ADS) software to provide 0.5 dB noise figure with power gain of 25 dB and 1-3.5 GHz Bandwidth. So it can be used an L and S Band applications.
Flux-Switching Machine With DC Excitation

This paper proposes a topology of flux-switching machine with dc excitation to improve the field-weakening capability of flux-switching machines. This dc-excited flux-switching machine preserves the structure of typical flux-switching permanent-magnet machines while replacing the permanent magnets with dc field windings. The combined advantages of this type of machine in torque production and field weakening are exhibited and validated by finite element analysis.
Differential Criminalization under Operation Streamline: Challenges to Freedom of Movement and Humanitarian Aid Provision in the Mexico-US Borderlands

On January 14, 2008, under the wider program of the Arizona Denial Prosecution Initiative, Operation Streamline was put into effect in the Tucson Sector of the Mexico-US borderlands. Initially implemented in Del Rio, Texas, this program—aimed at mass incarceration of undocumented persons to reduce repeated migration attempts—has been most rigorously applied in the Tucson Sector, known as both the busiest and deadliest corridor for migration. Every day approximately seventy migrants are apprehended by the US Border Patrol and then sentenced for up to 180 days imprisonment. I consider Operation Streamline and its impacts on undocumented migrants through the lens of local organizing, particularly by the humanitarian aid group No More Deaths, asserting that such policies—which further militarize the border and justify criminalization of migrants in the public eye—put bodies at greater risk, even before they are prosecuted, through practices of spatial containment that add to the rigours of crossing the Sonoran Desert. In this work I explore the methods in which grassroots humanitarian aid groups apply practices of direct action to challenge such policies and promote freedom of movement.
O potrzebie kosmopolitycznego obywatelstwa

Słowa kluczowe: kosmopolityzm, obywatelstwo, patriotyzm, suwerenno ść, edukacja Celem artykułu jest wskazanie na mo żliwo ść pogodzenia uniwersalnych norm etycznych z historycznymi i kulturowymi warto ściami danego społecze ństwa. Te dwie perspektywy nie musz ą się bowiem wyklucza ć, a ich poł ączenie jest mo żliwe dzi ęki idei obywatelstwa kosmopolitycznego w wersji umiarkowane j, w której ka żdy obywatel rozpoznaje okre ślone warto ści jako wa żne dla wszystkich ludzi. Z uznania tych intersubiektywnie podzielanych warto ści wynikałyby pewne ogólne zobowi ązania nie tylko wobec współobywateli, ale równie ż wobec nieobywateli. Jest to wersja patriotycznego kosmopolityzmu zasadzaj ąca się na kompromisie mi ędzy patriotycznym umiłowaniem ojczyzny i zobowi ązaniami wobec współobywateli a kosmopolitycznym uzn aniem praw obcych do ich odmienno ści i zobowi ązaniami wobec niewspółobywateli. W tym celu rekonstruuj ę stoickie zało żenia kosmopolityzmu, nast ępnie opisuj ę słabo ści paradygmatu nacjonalistycznego, by na ko ńcu, odwołuj ąc się do zało żeń edukacji kosmopolitycznej Marty Nussbaum, wskaza ć na mo żliwo ści zmiany polskiego podej ścia do wspólnoty politycznej i to żsamo ści narodowej, przedstawiaj ąc kilka mo żliwych pozytywnych konsekwencji takiej zmiany.
Multiuser Detection of M-QAM Symbols via Bit-Level Equalization and Soft Detection

Building upon a unified framework for CDMA multiuser detection proposed in our prior work, we investigate the detection of M-QAM symbols in a multiuser CDMA channel. The solution proposed may be summarized as a generic iterative detection scheme for coded interference channels called bit-level equalization and soft detection (BLESD). It is shown that this novel approach avoids the exponential complexity of a posteriori probability (APP) detection by optimizing a closely-related, but much more manageable, objective function called variational free energy. It also fundamentally differs from the conventional symbol detector, in that data symbols are transparent to the new detector. Instead, soft estimates of the bits that make up the symbols are directly and naturally obtained at the detector output, in terms of posterior probabilities given the channel observation, facilitating efficient message-passing in joint detection and decoding
Position-based routing with a power-aware weighted forwarding function in MANETs

Power-aware routing is crucial for battery-finite mobile nodes in MANETs. Energy consumption optimization consists of not only energy saving, but also energy-balanced usage of nodes. In this paper, we present a new position-based routing protocol with a power-aware weighted forwarding function, named PAWF. With this forwarding function, the energy consumption and energy residual values of mobile nodes are asymmetrically combined with forwarding achievement and used to make decisions of hop by hop routing. PAWF routing requires only the local information of strict neighbors and the destination. With the power-awareness, the over-usage of mobile nodes is avoided and the lifetime of the network is increased due to energy consumption balance. Based on simulation results, PAWF is also shown to be able to provide global energy-sufficient near-optimal paths by making locally optimal choices, which offers the possibility to implement further QoS routing in MANETS.
Athletic Identity and Social Goal Orientations as Predictors of Moral Orientation

Moral development, achievement goal, and athletic identity are considered psychological constructs sharing specific cognitive, social, motivational, and behavioral traits. The purpose of the present article is to investigate the relation among moral orientations, athletic identity, and social goal orientations. In addition, the impact of age, gender, type of sport, sport division, and school performance on moral orientation has also been investigated. One hundred forty athletes of artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, and acrobatic gymnastics (n = 29 boys, n = 111 girls), aged 8 to 17, participated in the research. They belonged to IV, III, II, and I sport divisions. The participants filled in three questionnaires: Moral Orientation Students in Physical Education Questionnaire, Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, and Social Goal Orientation Questionnaire. The results established that moral orientation is related to the athletic identity and achievement social goal constructs, as well as the fact that they affect school performance.
On Dominating Set Allocation Policies in Real-Time Wide-Area Distributed Systems

This paper investigates resource allocation policies for achieving real-time content distribution with subsecond delay bounds on the current Internet. Resource allocation in real-time systems has been concerned primarily with meeting time constraints on single processors and multiprocessors. On a single processor, the main degree of freedom available for the real-time designer is the scheduling policy. On a (partitioned) multiprocessor, a second degree of freedom is the partitioning policy. This paper explores a third degree of freedom unique to large-scale (i.e., widearea) distributed systems with non-negligible communication delays among individual nodes. We call it the dominating set allocation policy. This policy is a primary determinant of schedulability in such systems. We present some initial steps towards understanding the properties of different dominating set allocation policies in terms of resulting task schedulability. We describe an optimal dominating set allocation algorithm (subject to certain design decisions), propose a number of simple heuristics, and evaluate them using realistic Internet measurements and HTTP workload. The key contribution of this paper lies in the practical applicability of the proposed heuristics in achieving delay guarantees (with a high probability) over best-effort wide-area networks.
Extracellular Acidity Potentiates AMPA Receptor-Mediated Cortical Neuronal Death

The extracellular acidity that accompanies brain hypoxia–ischemia is known to reduce both NMDA and AMPA–kainate receptor-mediated currents and NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity. Although a protective effect of acidic pH on AMPA–kainate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity has been assumed, such has not been demonstrated. Paradoxically, we found that lowering extracellular pH selectively increased AMPA–kainate receptor-mediated neurotoxicity in neocortical cell cultures, despite reducing peak elevations in intracellular free Ca2+. This injury potentiation may, at least in part, be related to a slowed recovery of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, observed after AMPA–kainate receptor activation, but not after NMDA receptor activation or exposure to high K+. The ability of acidic pH to selectively augment AMPA–kainate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity may contribute to the prominent role that these receptors play in selective neuronal death after transient global ischemia.
Characterization of Functional Antibody and Memory B-Cell Responses to pH1N1 Monovalent Vaccine in HIV-Infected Children and Youth

Objectives We investigated immune determinants of antibody responses and B-cell memory to pH1N1 vaccine in HIV-infected children. Methods Ninety subjects 4 to <25 years of age received two double doses of pH1N1 vaccine. Serum and cells were frozen at baseline, after each vaccination, and at 28 weeks post-immunization. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers, avidity indices (AI), B-cell subsets, and pH1N1 IgG and IgA antigen secreting cells (ASC) were measured at baseline and after each vaccination. Neutralizing antibodies and pH1N1-specific Th1, Th2 and Tfh cytokines were measured at baseline and post-dose 1. Results At entry, 26 (29%) subjects had pH1N1 protective HAI titers (≥1:40). pH1N1-specific HAI, neutralizing titers, AI, IgG ASC, IL-2 and IL-4 increased in response to vaccination (p<0.05), but IgA ASC, IL-5, IL-13, IL-21, IFNγ and B-cell subsets did not change. Subjects with baseline HAI ≥1:40 had significantly greater increases in IgG ASC and AI after immunization compared with those with HAI <1:40. Neutralizing titers and AI after vaccination increased with older age. High pH1N1 HAI responses were associated with increased IgG ASC, IFNγ, IL-2, microneutralizion titers, and AI. Microneutralization titers after vaccination increased with high IgG ASC and IL-2 responses. IgG ASC also increased with high IFNγ responses. CD4% and viral load did not predict the immune responses post-vaccination, but the B-cell distribution did. Notably, vaccine immunogenicity increased with high CD19+CD21+CD27+% resting memory, high CD19+CD10+CD27+% immature activated, low CD19+CD21-CD27-CD20-% tissue-like, low CD19+CD21-CD27-CD20-% transitional and low CD19+CD38+HLADR+% activated B-cell subsets. Conclusions HIV-infected children on HAART mount a broad B-cell memory response to pH1N1 vaccine, which was higher for subjects with baseline HAI≥1:40 and increased with age, presumably due to prior exposure to pH1N1 or to other influenza vaccination/infection. The response to the vaccine was dependent on B-cell subset distribution, but not on CD4 counts or viral load. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00992836
Towards 4DCT-US image fusion for liver motion monitoring

High-intensity focused-ultrasound (HIFU) is a promising technique for treating liver tumors. However, liver motion due to breathing imposes a real-time monitoring of the treatment. To reach this goal and following on previous work, we propose to encase an ultrasound (US) imaging probe into an extracorporeal HIFU device, such that the imaging plane is aligned with the HIFU acoustic axis. Because the tumor itself may not always be visible on US images, we plan to rely on a pre-operative 4D-Computed Tomography (CT) model to infer the tumor location during treatment, using intensity- or feature-based registration techniques. In order to study the feasibility of US guidance according to a pre-operative planning image, we decided to perform US acquisitions on patients after informed consent. These patients undergo radiotherapy treatment and have a 4D-CT image for planning (Philips Brillance), with injected contrast-agent. A hand-held US imaging probe was used to provide 2D images sequences in the coordinate system of the CT scanner thanks to an optical tracking system. No device was available to record a breathing signal during US acquisitions. A breathing signal was estimated for each US sequences using Principal Component Analysis. Inhalation versus exhalation was identified by the user, and the respiratory phase was estimated from the breathing signal using the Hilbert transform. Using this signal and the information from the tracking device, it was possible to approximately register both modalities spatially, and throughout the respiration cycle.
Analysis of software project complexity factors

Software projects are among the most complex endeavours today. The increased complexity had led to high numbers of software project failures in terms of time, cost quality etc. Software project complexity is one of the main reasons for these failures. Various approaches to measure software complexity have been proposed focusing on the software product complexity but without considering the complexity of the process. In this paper it is presented the results of an extended literature review and of a statistical analysis followed for identifying the main factors that affect software project complexity taking into account both technical and project management aspects of the software development process.
Analyst Information Discovery and Information Interpretation Roles : A Topic Modeling Approach

In this study, we employ an advanced topic modeling methodology from computational linguistic research to compare and contrast the thematic content of a large sample of analyst reports to that of conference calls. This methodology allows us to explicitly identify and empirically quantify the amount of information analysts discover and interpret in their reports, without referencing to the equity market reaction. Consistent with information discovery, we document that analyst reports issued promptly after conference calls contain a significant amount of discussion on exclusive topics that were not referred to in the conference calls. Moreover, when analysts do discuss the topics covered in the conference call, they frequently use a different vocabulary from that used by managers, consistent with their information interpretation role. Cross-sectionally, we document evidence that analysts respond to investor demand for their services by playing a greater information discovery role when firms’ proprietary cost is high and providing more interpretation when the processing cost of the information in conference calls is high. Finally, we show that investors value both the information interpretation and the information discovery roles played by analysts. Allen Huang, Amy Zang and Rong Zheng would like to thank the financial support provided by HKUST. Reuven Lehavy would like to thank the financial support of the Harry Jones Endowment Fund. We would also like to thank Weining Zhang, Bin Zhu, Qiang Cheng, seminar participants at the HKUST and Tsinghua University, and the participants at the 2014 Workshop on Internet and BigData Finance (WIBF), 2014 China Summer Workshop on Information Management (CSWIM), and 2014 MIT Conference in Accounting for helpful comments.
Influence of Laminotomies and Laminectomies on Cervical Spine Biomechanics Under Combined Flexion-Extension

Posterior decompressive techniques including one- and two-level laminotomies and laminectomies are often used in treating cervical stenosis. Previously, several in vitro studies were conducted to help us understand the biomechanical changes occurring in the cervical spine after these surgical techniques. However, changes in the intersegmental flexibility under combined flexion-extension remain unclear. In this study, a 3-D nonlinear intact model of the C2–C7 was developed to evaluate the influence of one- and two-level laminotomies and laminectomies on the intersegmental moment rotational responses and internal stresses. The intact model was validated by comparing the predicted responses against experimental data. The validated model was then modified to simulate various surgical techniques for finite element analysis. Results showed that one- and two-level laminectomies increase the C2–C7 rotation motions by about 15% and 20%, respectively. The predicted increase in rotational motions also correlated wel.
Acceptable Risk Analysis for Abrupt Environmental Pollution Accidents in Zhangjiakou City, China

Abrupt environmental pollution accidents cause considerable damage worldwide to the ecological environment, human health, and property. The concept of acceptable risk aims to answer whether or not a given environmental pollution risk exceeds a societally determined criterion. This paper presents a case study on acceptable environmental pollution risk conducted through a questionnaire survey carried out between August and October 2014 in five representative districts and two counties of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, China. Here, environmental risk primarily arises from accidental water pollution, accidental air pollution, and tailings dam failure. Based on 870 valid questionnaires, demographic and regional differences in public attitudes towards abrupt environmental pollution risks were analyzed, and risk acceptance impact factors determined. The results showed females, people between 21–40 years of age, people with higher levels of education, public servants, and people with higher income had lower risk tolerance. People with lower perceived risk, low-level risk knowledge, high-level familiarity and satisfaction with environmental management, and without experience of environmental accidents had higher risk tolerance. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that public satisfaction with environmental management was the most significant factor in risk acceptance, followed by perceived risk of abrupt air pollution, occupation, perceived risk of tailings dam failure, and sex. These findings should be helpful to local decision-makers concerned with environmental risk management (e.g., selecting target groups for effective risk communication) in the context of abrupt environmental accidents.