Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Promoting regular mammography screening I. A systematic assessment of validity in a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND Most health promotion trials in cancer screening offer limited evidence of external validity. We assessed internal and external validity in a nationwide, population-based trial of an intervention to promote regular mammography screening. METHODS Beginning in September 2000, study candidates age 52 years and older (n = 23,000) were randomly selected from the National Registry of Women Veterans and sent an eligibility survey. Consistent with intention-to-treat principles for effectiveness trials, we randomly assigned eligible respondents and nonrespondents to one of five groups. We mailed baseline surveys to groups 1-3 followed by intervention materials of varying personalization to groups 1 and 2. We delayed mailing baseline surveys to two additional control groups to coincide with the mailing of postintervention follow-up surveys to groups 1-3 at year 1 (group 4) and year 2 (group 5). Mammography rates were determined from self-report and Veterans Health Administration records. To assess internal validity, we compared groups on participation and factors associated with mammography screening at each stage. To assess external validity, we compared groups 3, 4, and 5 on mammography rates at the most recent follow-up to detect any cueing effects of prior surveys and at the respective baselines to uncover any secular trends. We also compared nonparticipants with participants on factors associated with mammography screening at the trial's end. RESULTS We established study eligibility for 21,340 (92.8%) of the study candidates. Groups 1-3 were similar throughout the trial in participation and correlates of mammography screening. No statistically significant survey cueing effects or differences between nonparticipants and participants across groups were observed. Mammography screening rates over the 30 months preceding the respective baselines were lower in group 5 (82.3% by self-report) than in groups 1-4 (85.1%, P = .024, group 5 vs groups 1-4 combined), suggesting a decline over time similar to that reported for US women in general. CONCLUSION This systematic assessment provides evidence of the trial's internal and external validity and illustrates an approach to evaluating validity that is readily adaptable to future trials of behavioral interventions.
An Empirical Fourier Transform-Based Power Transformer Differential Protection

This paper presents a novel approach for the power transformer differential protection based on empirical Fourier transform (EFT). The EFT is a novel transform technique, which is derived from discrete Fourier transform (DFT) with certain modifications based on the nature of current waveforms during internal fault, inrush, and current-transformer (CT) saturation. The fundamental component estimated by EFT is equal to DFT estimation for internal fault currents and zero or a very low value for inrush currents and CT saturation currents. The fundamental component estimated by EFT is used in the biased restraint characteristic with a deviation factor (DF) to make tripping decisions for relays. The DF describes the waveform deviation rate of differential current waveform from a pure sinusoidal waveform. The proposed EFT-based differential protection algorithm (EFT-DPA) is validated and compared with the conventional DFT-based differential protection algorithm (DFT-DPA) through modeling for an existing real-time power transformer in Tamil Nadu Transmission Corp. Ltd. (TANTRANSCO), Tamilnadu, India. Also, the performance of the EFT-DPA is investigated with the fault recorder data taken from the field differential relay of the same power transformer. The power transformer modeling is carried using PSCAD and the EFT-DPA is implemented in MATLAB.
[Value of thoracoscopy in purulent pleuresies in children younger than four years].

UNLABELLED Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is widely performed in adults but there are few publications concerning the paediatric population. The objective is to effect optimal adhesiolysis of post-pneumonic loculated empyema with lower morbidity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Over a 4-year period we used thoracoscopic debridement in five children younger than 4 years of age with loculated thoracic empyema. All patients failed initial treatment, including antibiotics and chest tube drainage. Early sonographic evaluation of the empyema organization guided the most appropriate moment for the intervention. The average duration of tube drainage after thoracoscopy was 4 days (range: 1 to 7 days). RESULTS All patients made an uneventful postoperative recovery. At a follow-up visit 1 month after discharge, the children were clinically asymptomatic; however, some degree of pleural thickening was still visible on chest X-rays. CONCLUSION In skilled hands, thoracoscopy is a safe procedure for post-pneumonic empyema in young children, providing a rapid clinical and radiological recovery with a good cosmetic result.
Validation of the ‘FeMorph’ software in planning cam osteochondroplasty by incorporating labral morphology

Impingement resulting from a cam deformity may cause pain, limit the hip joint range of motion (RoM) and lead to osteoarthritis. We have previously developed FeMorph software to quantify and plan corrective surgery and predict hip RoM post surgery. This study aimed to validate the software and evaluate the influence of the acetabular labrum on hip RoM. Computed tomography data from 92 femur-pelvis pairs were analysed in conjunction with the inter/intra-observer reliability. Four cadaveric hips were dissected, and the three-dimensional (3D) shape and size of the acetabular labrum for these hips was obtained using laser scan. The influence of the acetabular labrum in the RoM and subsequent planning for corrective surgery were then evaluated in cadavers for models with and without a labrum, and used as a first step towards validation of FeMorph RoM prediction. FeMorph was successfully used to model cam deformities and plan corrective surgery. Three-dimensional alpha angles were reduced to below 50° after virtual surgery without an excessive reduction in femoral neck cross-sectional area, which could increase fracture risk. A mean increase of 8° ± 2° in permitted internal rotation was observed during impingement testing following removal of the labrum. FeMorph provides a reliable and useful method to model and plan cam deformity correction. This study indicates that the presence of the labrum is responsible for a substantial decrease in permitted internal rotation at the hip joint. This has implications for surgical planning models which often only account for bony impingement.
MMPs, IL-1, and TNF are Regulated by IL-17 in Periodontitis

Periodontitis is characterized by periodontal tissue destruction. Since interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been reported to up-regulate IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), it was hypothesized that it is increased in periodontitis and up-regulates these cytokines and tissue-destructive matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in local migrant and resident cells. Immunocytochemistry disclosed elevated IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17 levels in periodontitis. These cytokines induced proMMP-1 and especially MMP-3 in gingival fibroblasts, whereas MMP-8 and MMP-9 were not induced. IL-17 was less potent as a direct MMP inducer than IL-1β and TNF-α, but it induced IL-1β and TNF-α production from macrophages, and IL-6 and IL-8 from gingival fibroblasts. In accordance with these findings, immunocytochemistry disclosed that MMP-1 and MMP-3 were increased in periodontitis. Gingival fibroblasts may play an important role in tissue destruction in periodontitis via cytokine-inducible MMP-1 and MMP-3 production, in which IL-17 plays a role as a key regulatory cytokine.
Ultralow-Loss and Broadband Micromachined Transmission Line Inductors for 30–60 GHz CMOS RFIC Applications

In this paper, for the first time, we demonstrate that ultralow-loss and broadband transmission line (TL) inductors can be obtained by using the CMOS-process compatible backside inductively coupled-plasma (ICP) deep-trench technology to selectively remove the silicon underneath the TL inductors. The results show that a 112.8% (from 14.37 to 30.58) and a 201.1% (from 6.33 to 19.06) increase in Q-factor, a 9.7% (from 0.91 to 0.998) and a 28.3% (from 0.778 to 0.998) increase in maximum available power gain GAmax, and a 0.404-dB (from 0.412 to 7.6times10-3 dB) and a 1.082-dB (from 1.09 to 8.4times10-3 dB) reduction in minimum noise figure NFmin were achieved at 30 and 60 GHz, respectively, for a 162.2 pH TL inductor after the backside ICP dry etching. The state-of-the-art performances of the on-chip TL inductors-on-air suggest that they are very suitable for application to realize ultralow-noise 30-60-GHz CMOS radio-frequency integrated circuit. In addition, the CMOS-process compatible backside ICP etching technique is very promising for system-on-a-chip applications.
Abnormal Returns or Mismeasured Risk? Network Effects and Risk Spillover in Stock Returns

Recent event study literature has highlighted abnormal stock returns, particularly in short event windows. A common explanation is the cross-correlation of stock returns that are often enhanced during periods of sharp market movements. This suggests the misspecification of the underlying factor model, typically the Fama-French model. By drawing upon recent panel data literature with cross-section dependence, we argue that the Fame-French factor model can be enriched by allowing explicitly for network effects between stock returns. We show that recent empirical work is consistent with the above interpretation, and we advance some hypotheses along which new structural models for stock returns may be developed. Applied to data on stock returns for the 30 Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) stocks, our framework provides exciting new insights.
Convergence of lemniscal and local excitatory inputs on large GABAergic tectothalamic neurons

Large GABAergic (LG) neurons form a distinct cell type in the inferior colliculus (IC), identified by the presence of dense VGLUT2‐containing axosomatic terminals. Although some of the axosomatic terminals originate from local and commissural IC neurons, it has been unclear whether LG neurons also receive axosomatic inputs from the lower auditory brainstem nuclei, i.e., cochlear nuclei (CN), superior olivary complex (SOC), and nuclei of the lateral lemniscus (NLL). In this study we injected recombinant viral tracers that force infected cells to express GFP in a Golgi‐like manner into the lower auditory brainstem nuclei to determine whether these nuclei directly innervate LG cell somata. Labeled axons from CN, SOC, and NLL terminated as excitatory axosomatic endings, identified by colabeling of GFP and VGLUT2, on single LG neurons in the IC. Each excitatory axon made only a few axosomatic contacts on each LG neuron. Inputs to a single LG cell are unlikely to be from a single brainstem nucleus, since lesions of individual nuclei failed to eliminate most VGLUT2‐positive terminals on the LG neurons. The estimated number of inputs on a single LG cell body was almost proportional to the surface area of the cell body. Double injections of different viruses into IC and a brainstem nucleus showed that LG neurons received inputs from both. These results demonstrated that both ascending and intrinsic sources converge on the LG somata to control inhibitory tectothalamic projections. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2277–2296, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression and localization of carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN1 and OCTN2 in ocular epithelium.

PURPOSE The existence of an organic cation transport process in rabbit cornea and conjunctiva that mediates absorption of carnitine has previously been suggested. This study was conducted to determine the expression and localization of the carnitine/organic cation transporter (OCTN1 and OCTN2) in corneal or conjunctival epithelium. METHODS Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for OCTN1 and OCTN2 mRNA expression in cultured human corneal-limbal epithelial (HCLE) or human conjunctival epithelial (HCjE) cells. Immunofluorescence staining with polyclonal antibody against human OCTN1 or OCTN2 was performed to investigate transporter expression in ocular epithelial cells or rabbit corneal and conjunctival epithelium. Polarity of the transporter expression was determined using Western blot analysis of the apical or basal membrane proteins extracted from the cultured cells. Apical or basal uptake of [H(3)]-L-carnitine was determined using the polarized epithelial cells grown onto collagen-coated porous filter support. RESULTS OCTN1 and OCTN2 mRNA expression was detected in HCLE and HCjE cells of rabbits and humans. OCTN1 and OCTN2 were predominately localized in the apical membranes of the cells. HCLE and HCjE cells were able to take up L-carnitine; most carnitine uptake occurred through the apical surfaces. CONCLUSIONS This report is the first to document OCTN1 and OCTN2 expression in human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. These findings suggest potential involvement of OCTN1 and OCTN2 in the transport of carnitine in ocular tissues.
Agitated Behaviors in the Elderly: II. Preliminary Results in the Cognitively Deteriorated

Agitation was studied in 66 nursing home residents from two nursing units for agitated, cognitively deteriorated elderly. The frequency of occurrence of manifestations of various agitated behaviors was documented by nursing home staff using a seven‐point frequency rating scale. Additionally, the factors of age, cognitive level, activities of daily living (ADL) functioning, frequency of waking up at night, and medication for agitation were monitored, and nurses' attributions for agitation in each individual were reported. Results indicated that: 1) agitated behaviors were strongly interrelated; 2) specific nonaggressive behaviors, such as pacing and constant request for attention, occurred most frequently; 3) in this very agitated and cognitively deteriorated group, agitated individuals did not differ from nonagitated persons in age, cognitive level, and waking up at night; 4) agitated individuals received more medication for agitation and had a higher incidence of falls as compared with nonagitated people; and 5) the most frequent medications given for agitation were thioridazine and haloperidol. The study is viewed as a preliminary effort to understand the phenomenon of agitation. Results serve as indicators for future research and demonstrate the widespread implications of research for handling and preventing agitation as well as for policy planning with regard to placement and reimbursement.
Minimizing Transfusions in Primary Cranial Vault Remodeling: The Role of Aminocaproic Acid

BackgroundCranial vault remodeling (CVR) for craniosynostosis is a procedure with the potential for significant blood loss. Aminocaproic acid (ACA) has been used at our institution during CVR for its antifibrinolytic effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ACA on blood loss and transfusion rates during primary CVR. MethodsThree hundred eighty-three patients with craniosynostosis underwent primary CVR at a single institution by a single surgeon over 15 years. Patients were included if they received either ACA or no antifibrinolytic. The estimated blood loss (EBL) and volume of blood transfused was recorded. Thrombotic-related complications were identified. Comparisons were made between subgroups using independent Student t test and Fisher exact test. ResultsAmong the study population, 148 patients met inclusion criteria. ACA was given to 30 patients, while 118 patients received no antifibrinolytic. There was no difference in the average intraoperative EBL between the ACA (322 mL) and control groups (327 mL, P > 0.05). Additionally, the incidence of transfusion was not significantly different between subgroups (97% vs. 86%, respectively, P > 0.05). Patients treated with ACA, however, received lower average perioperative transfusion volumes (25.5 mL/kg) compared to control patients (53.3 mL/kg, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, patients in the ACA subgroup were less likely to require a second unit of blood (21% vs. 43%, P < 0.0001) and therefore had fewer exposures to donor blood antigens (ARR = 22%, NNT = 4.6). ConclusionsThe use of intraoperative ACA minimizes blood transfusion volumes and donor exposures in children who undergo primary CVR for craniosynostosis. Antifibrinolytics should be considered for routine use in pediatric craniofacial surgery.
Fibronectin-binding antigen 85 and the 10-kilodalton GroES-related heat shock protein are the predominant TH-1 response inducers in leprosy contacts

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 27 healthy leprosy contacts were analyzed for lymphoproliferation and TH-1 cytokine secretion (interleukin-2 and gamma interferon) in response to heat shock proteins with molecular masses of 65, 18, and 10 kDa from Mycobacterium leprae and the 30-32-kDa antigen 85 (Ag 85) from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Cells from 18 and 19 of 19 lepromin-positive contacts proliferated or produced TH-1 cytokines in response to the M. leprae 10-kDa protein and to Ag 85, respectively. Limiting-dilution analysis for two lepromin-positive contacts indicated that about one-third of M. leprae-reactive T cells displayed specificity to the M. leprae 10-kDa protein and Ag 85. The M. leprae 65- and 18-kDa proteins were less potent TH-1 response inducers: gamma interferon and interleukin-2 could be measured in 14 and 19 lepromin-positive contacts, respectively. In contrast, very low or undetectable proliferative and cytokine responses were found for 8 lepromin-negative contacts. Our data demonstrate that the fibronectin-binding Ag 85 and the 10-kDa GroES homolog are powerful mycobacterial TH-1 response inducers in the vast majority of lepromin-positive contacts and suggest that they might be valuable candidates for a future subunit vaccine.
Mobile Anchor Nodes Aided DV-hop (M-A-DV-hop) Algorithm

Evolving networks of ad-hoc, wireless sensing nodes rely heavily on the ability to obtain position information. In this paper we first briefly analyze the theory of DV-hop algorithm. And with simulation results, we realize that the high anchor node ratio and node deployment density can improve the localization precision in random wireless sensor networks. However, this will increase the hardware cost and in static networks the anchor nodes will not be needed after all unknown nodes have their location information. So we introduce mobile anchor nodes when the network only has sparse nodes. We advise a novel method to add new nodes in the research area. The mobile anchor nodes use the random way point (RWP) model, which is widely used in the ad-hoc networks. The simulation results demonstrate that the mobile anchor nodes can greatly reduce the hardware cost and distinctly improve the localization precision.
Ontogenetic allometry constrains cranial shape of the head‐first burrowing worm lizard Cynisca leucura (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae)

Amphisbaenians are fossorial, predominantly limbless squamate reptiles with distinct cranial shapes corresponding to specific burrowing behaviors. Due to their cryptic lifestyles and the scarcity of museum specimens, little is known of their intraspecific variation, particularly regarding cranial osteology. This represents a critical lack of information, because the majority of morphological investigations of squamate relationships are based on cranial characters. We investigated cranial variation in the West African Coast Worm Lizard Cynisca leucura, a round‐headed member of the Amphisbaenidae. Using geometric morphometric analyses of three‐dimensional computed tomographic scans, we found that cranial osteology of C. leucura is highly conserved, with the majority of shape changes occurring during growth as the cranium becomes more slender and elongate, accompanied by increasing interdigitation among the dermal roofing bones. Elements of the ventral portion of the cranium remain loosely connected in adults, possibly as a protective mechanism against repeated compression and torsion during burrow excavation. Intraspecific variation was strongly correlated with size change from juveniles to adults, indicating a dominant role of ontogenetic allometry in determining cranial shape. We found no evidence of sexual dimorphism, either during growth or among adults. Given the fossorial habits of C. leucura, we hypothesize that cranial allometry is under strong stabilizing selection to maintain adequate proportions for head‐first digging, thereby constraining the ability of individuals to respond to differing selection pressures, including sexual selection and variation in diet or microhabitat. For species in which digging imposes less mechanical stress (e.g., in softer sand), allometric associations during growth may be weakened, allowing changes to the ontogenetic trajectory and subsequent morphological traits. Such developmental dissociation between size and shape, known as heterochrony, may also be implicit in the evolution of the other amphisbaenian cranial shapes (shovel, spade, and keel), which may themselves be functionally adapted for their respective burrowing techniques. J. Morphol. 277:1159–1167, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ethanol-induced microphthalmia is not mediated by changes in retinoic acid or sonic hedgehog signaling during retinal neurogenesis.

BACKGROUND Microphthalmia (reduced eye size), generally accompanied by vision defects, is a hallmark of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in humans. In zebrafish, embryonic ethanol exposure over the time of retinal neurogenesis also results in microphthalmia. This microphthalmia is in part the consequence of reduced retinal cell differentiation, including photoreceptors. Here we pursue 2 signaling pathways implicated in other aspects of FASD pathogenesis: retinoic acid (RA) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh). METHODS We evaluated markers for RA and Shh signaling within the eyes of embryos treated with ethanol during the period of retinal neurogenesis. We also performed rescue experiments using administration of exogenous RA and microinjection of cholesterol, which augments Shh signaling. RESULTS Using sequential or co-treatments, RA did not rescue ethanol-induced microphthalmia at any concentration tested. In addition, RA itself caused microphthalmia, although the underlying mechanisms were distinct from those of ethanol. Interestingly, RA treatment appeared to recover photoreceptor differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. This may be an independent effect of exogenous RA, as ethanol treatment alone did not alter RA signaling in the eye. Cholesterol injection also did not rescue ethanol-induced microphthalmia at any concentration tested, and ethanol treatments did not alter expression of shh, or of ptc-2, which is normally regulated by Shh signaling. CONCLUSIONS Together these findings indicate that, during the time of retinal neurogenesis, effects of ethanol on eye development are likely independent of the RA and Shh signaling pathways. These studies suggest that FASD intervention strategies based upon augmentation of RA or Shh signaling may not prevent ethanol-induced microphthalmia.