Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Denaturation mapping of R factor deoxyribonucleic acid

The R factor NR1 consists of two components: a resistance transfer factor which harbors the tetracycline resistance genes (RTF-TC) and the r-determinants component which harbors the other drug resistance genes. Using partial denaturation mapping it is possible to distinguish the RTF-TC region from the r-determinants region of the composite R factor NR1 DNA which has a contour length of 37 mum and a density of 1.712 g/ml. The r-determinants region was a relatively undenatured 8.5-mum segment of the molecule when the deoxyribonucleic acid was partially denatured at pH 10.7. An RTF-TC genetic segregant of NR1 which had lost the r-determinants component had a contour length of 28.7 mum and a density of 1.710 g/ml. Characterization of an RTF-TC using partial denaturation mapping at pH 10.7 confirmed that the relatively undenatured 8.5-mum r-determinants segment of the composite R factor had been deleted. Circular, transitioned NR1 DNA molecules (1.716 to 1.718 g/ml), whose contour lengths were consistent with an RTF-TC plus an integral number of tandem copies of r-determinants, were also characterized by denaturation mapping. The relatively undenatured region in these molecules had a length equal to an integral number of copies of r-determinants and was located at the same site in the partially denatured RTF-TC as the single copy of r-determinants in the 37-mum composite NR1. This indicates that there is a unique integration site for r-determinants in the RTF-TC component. The R factor UCR122, a TC deletion mutant of NR1, was also characterized by denaturation mapping. The translocation of the TC resistance gene(s) on the denaturation map permitted the alignment of the denaturation map with the heteroduplex map of Sharp et al. (u073). Linear and circular monomeric and presumed multimeric r-determinants DNA molecules (p = 1.718 g/ml) were partially denatured at a higher pH (11.10). The r-determinants multimers showed a repeating 8.3-mum (monomeric) partial denaturation pattern indicating a head-to-tail arrangement of monomers in these poly-r-determinant molecules.
Maximum Expected Likelihood Estimation for Zero-resource Neural Machine Translation

While neural machine translation (NMT) has made remarkable progress in translating a handful of resource-rich language pairs recently, parallel corpora are not always readily available for most language pairs. To deal with this problem, we pro-pose an approach to zero-resource NMT via maximum expected likelihood estimation . The basic idea is to maximize the expectation with respect to a pivot-to-source translation model for the intended source-to-target model on a pivot-target parallel corpus. To approximate the expectation, we propose two methods to connect the pivot-to-source and source-to-target models. Experiments on two zero-resource language pairs show that the proposed approach yields substantial gains over base-line methods. We also observe that when trained jointly with the source-to-target model, the pivot-to-source translation model also obtains improvements over independent training.
Locative expressions in signed languages: a view from Turkish Sign Language (TİD)

Abstract Locative expressions encode the spatial relationship between two (or more) entities. In this paper, we focus on locative expressions in signed language, which use the visual-spatial modality for linguistic expression, specifically in Turkish Sign Language (Türk İşaret Dili, henceforth TİD). We show that TİD uses various strategies in discourse to encode the relation between a Ground entity (i.e., a bigger and/or backgrounded entity) and a Figure entity (i.e., a smaller entity, which is in the focus of attention). Some of these strategies exploit affordances of the visual modality for analogue representation and support evidence for modality-specific effects on locative expressions in sign languages. However, other modality-specific strategies, e.g., the simultaneous expression of Figure and Ground, which have been reported for many other sign languages, occurs only sparsely in TİD. Furthermore, TİD uses categorical as well as analogical structures in locative expressions. On the basis of these findings, we discuss differences and similarities between signed and spoken languages to broaden our understanding of the range of structures used in natural language (i.e., in both the visual-spatial or oral-aural modalities) to encode locative relations. A general linguistic theory of spatial relations, and specifically of locative expressions, must take all structures that might arise in both modalities into account before it can generalize over the human language faculty.
Transient and locally restricted expression of the ros1 protooncogene during mouse development.

The ros1 gene was detected originally by virtue of its transforming potential; the cDNA of the human protooncogene was isolated from a tumor cell line expressing the gene ectopically. It encodes a receptor‐type tyrosine specific protein kinase which is closely related to sevenless in Drosophila. Here we report the novel and remarkable in vivo expression pattern of c‐ros1, which was determined in the mouse. By a combination of RNase protection and in situ hybridization, we find transient c‐ros1 expression during development in the kidney, intestine and lung, coinciding with major morphogenetic and differentiation events in these organs. This temporally restricted nature of expression is unusual for tyrosine kinase receptors and suggests a role for ros1 during development. Furthermore, in kidney development c‐ros1 transcripts are confined to subgroups of ureter cells known to be involved directly in inductive interactions between ureter epithelium and metanephric mesenchyme. Thus, this study implicates for the first time a tyrosine kinase receptor in mesenchymal epithelial interactions and suggests a molecular basis for these important inductive events in development.
Cell density and airspace patterning in the leaf can be manipulated to increase leaf photosynthetic capacity

Summary The pattern of cell division, growth and separation during leaf development determines the pattern and volume of airspace in a leaf. The resulting balance of cellular material and airspace is expected to significantly influence the primary function of the leaf, photosynthesis, and yet the manner and degree to which cell division patterns affect airspace networks and photosynthesis remains largely unexplored. In this paper we investigate the relationship of cell size and patterning, airspace and photosynthesis by promoting and repressing the expression of cell cycle genes in the leaf mesophyll. Using microCT imaging to quantify leaf cellular architecture and fluorescence/gas exchange analysis to measure leaf function, we show that increased cell density in the mesophyll of Arabidopsis can be used to increase leaf photosynthetic capacity. Our analysis suggests that this occurs both by increasing tissue density (decreasing the relative volume of airspace) and by altering the pattern of airspace distribution within the leaf. Our results indicate that cell division patterns influence the photosynthetic performance of a leaf, and that it is possible to engineer improved photosynthesis via this approach.
“ Report on ‘ Optimal aggregation algorithms for middleware ’ by Ronal Fagin , Amnon Lotem , and Moni Naor ”

This paper [2] describes a simple and elegant algorithm called the Threshold Algorithm (TA) and it’s variants. These algorithms are used for Top-K processing. The applications of top-k processing include retrieving data from multimedia databases, information retrieval and scheduling large-scale on-demand data broadcast. The main objective of Top-k processing is to return the k highest ranked results quickly and efficiently. One common way to identify the top-k objects is by assigning a score to all objects based on some scoring function. An object’s score acts as a valuation for that object according to its characteristics (e.g., price and size of house objects in a real estate database, or color and texture of images in a multimedia database). Data objects are usually evaluated by multiple scoring predicates that contribute to the total object score. A scoring function is therefore usually defined as an aggregation over partial scores.
The Effects of Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Hedonic, and Utilitarian Motivations on IS Usage: An Updated Meta-analytic Investigation

This study reports on a meta-analytic investigation of the effects of intrinsic, extrinsic, hedonic and utilitarian motivations on IS system usage. The study extends the work of Wu and Lu (2013) and considers the effects of 16 motivations on usage, behavioural intention, perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). 73 studies published between 2009 and 2016 met the inclusion criteria. Bare bones and true score correlations were calculated and moderation analysis was performed. Curiosity has the strongest effects on behavioural intention while social interaction has the strongest effects on usage. Results also show that enjoyment and playfulness motivations have strong effects on behavioural intention in hedonic system contexts, and reward motivation has strong effects on utilitarian systems usage. The application of motivation theory to adoption and use of information systems together with synthesis of empirical data may provide new insights in system usage behavior.
Novel nitric oxide synthase inhibitors: a patent review

Introduction: Knowledge of NO and its function in cell signaling has rapidly developed since its biological effects were first described in 1977. It is formed from l-arginine by NOS isoforms (nNOS, iNOS and eNOS). These enzymes are products of separate genes, encoded on three different chromosomes and responsible for regulating a variety of functions within cells and tissues. NOS isoforms are currently under investigation as targets for novel therapeutics in especially neurodegenerative disorders, inflammation and pain. Many important questions regarding these messengers and signaling molecules remain to be answered. Areas covered: This review gives an overview of patents covering drug-like inhibitors for the NOS isoforms filed and published within the last 6 years, up to September 2010, as well as insight into recent highlights in this area. Expert opinion: The NOS isoforms are attractive targets in drug design for various pathological conditions and have received considerable interest over recent years. With the advances in molecular biology, modeling software, synthesis, bioassays, and our understanding of the NOS enzymes and the function of NO, novel bioavailable and highly selective drug therapies utilizing this mode of action may soon see the light.
Pilot Dependence on Imperfect Diagnostic Automation in Simulated UAV Flights: An Attentional Visual Scanning Analysis.

Abstract : An unmanned air vehicle (UAV) simulation was designed to reveal the effects of imperfectly reliable diagnostic automation a monitor of system health parameters on pilot attention, as the latter was assessed via visual scanning. Four groups of participants flew a series of legs under different automation conditions: a baseline (no automation) control, and automation which was either 100% reliable, 60% reliable with a low-threshold bias to produce false alerts, and 60% reliable with a high threshold to produce misses. A high workload mission completion task and ground surveillance task were simultaneously imposed. Consistent with the reliance-compliance model of imperfect automation developed by Meyer (2001), miss-prone automation removed visual attention from the surveillance task, while FA-prone automation delayed the alert-driven attention shift to the system monitoring task.
The spectrum of immune-mediated autonomic neuropathies: insights from the clinicopathological features

Although autonomic neuropathy may occur as a secondary consequence of various diseases, other patients without any obvious underlying diseases show profound autonomic dysfunctions from the early phase of the disease. These idiopathic or primary cases are divided into pure autonomic neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy with sensory impairment, and autonomic neuropathy with sensory and motor impairment based on the concomitance or absence of sensory or motor dysfunctions. The discovery of the antiganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibody suggested the involvement of immune mechanisms in idiopathic cases, especially in those cases with pure autonomic neuropathy. The ability to test for the presence of this antibody has significantly expanded the concept of autonomic neuropathy to include cases with a chronic progressive course that mimics pure autonomic failure. Recent work based on the antiganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibody has established autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy as an isolated nosological entity. Other forms of primary autonomic neuropathies include acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy and acute autonomic sensory and motor neuropathy, although the nosological relationship of the latter to Guillain–Barré syndrome should be discussed. Although the possibility of infectious, metabolic or toxic aetiologies should be carefully excluded in these forms of autonomic neuropathy, the monophasic clinical course and the presence of antecedent infections suggest the involvement of immune mechanisms similar to Guillain–Barré syndrome. Neuronopathy in the autonomic ganglia is considered to be a common pathology in these autonomic neuropathies. In addition, clinically significant autonomic neuropathy may be associated with pre-existing immunological diseases such as paraneoplastic syndrome and Sjögren's syndrome. An overlap with autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy has been suggested in these settings.
Identifying Usability Issues for Personalization During Formative Evaluations: A Comparison of Three Methods

A personalized system is one that generates unique output for each individual. As a result, personalization has transformed the interaction between the user and the system, and specific new usability issues have arisen. Methods used for evaluating personalized systems should be able to reveal the issues and problems specifically associated with personalization. Therefore this study evaluated three of the most common test methods used to detect usability problems in a personalized search engine. This was done by comparing the comments generated from thinking-aloud, questionnaires, and interviews. Questionnaires and interviews appear to be more useful for assessing specific usability issues for personalization, whereas thinking-aloud generates more comments on the usefulness of the system in the intended context of use and identifies the most critical and serious problems. Interviews, on the other hand, appear to yield a disproportionate number of positive comments. During the formative evaluation of a personalized system it is best to use a combination of thinking-aloud and questionnaires. This article concludes with a summary of implications for practitioners.
Effect of thidiazuron and gibberellic acid on leaf yellowing of cut stock flowers

Plant hormones such as cytokinins and gibberellins are able to inhibit leaf yellowing in different species of cut flowers and potted plants. These hormones can be used alone or in combination among them for preserving chlorophyll in floriculture items. In the present study thidiazuron was tested alone or combined with GA3 for delaying leaf yellowing of cut stock flowers during vase life. Cut flowers were placed in a controlled environment and treated for 24 hours with the following solutions: distilled water (control) or solutions containing 5, 10 µM thidiazuron (TDZ), 0.5 mM gibberellic acid (GA3), or a combination of 0.5 mM GA3 with 5 µM TDZ. The effect of treatments was evaluated by measuring chlorophyll content, ethylene production, leaf gas exchanges and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Results showed that TDZ was able to delay leaf yellowing in light during whole experimental period (30 days). The effect of TDZ on dark stored flowers was less effective, and also delayed chlorophyll losses for 10–12 days. TDZ and GA3 combination did not show any synergistic nor beneficial effect. Gas exchange values such as net photosynthesis, vapour pressure deficit, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency were higher in the TDZ only treatment.
Silk stabilized graphene FET enzymatic glucose biosensor

This paper describes a silk fibroin-encapsulated graphene field effect transistor (FET) enzymatic biosensor that utilizes silk protein as both device substrate and enzyme immobilization material. Glucose molecules are detected by the conductance change and the Dirac point shift of the graphene transistor as the glucose is oxidized by glucose oxidase that was immobilized in silk fibroin film on the graphene FET. This graphene FET biosensor detected glucose range in 3-10 mM, which covers the reference range for diabetes diagnostics. Because this fibroin-encapsulated graphene FET enzymatic biosensor is biocompatible, flexible, and long-term stable, it holds great promise for portable, wearable, and implantable continuous glucose monitoring applications.
Assurance Services for Business-to- Business Electronic Commerce: A Framework and Implications

The electronic commerce assurance market has been estimated to be potentially worth $11 billion. To date, the focus of assurance services has largely been on web commerce (and, therefore, business-to-consumer or B2C) related services, leaving the business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce market relatively untapped. Yet, with electronic data interchange (EDI) being mandated by large companies and government agencies, smallto medium-sized firms have struggled to acquire and implement this technology with little understanding of this new age of electronic commerce. As the ubiquitous Internet allows more firms to become EDI-
Local government debt risk early-warning system and empirical analysis

Firstly, the methods of “financial particle theory” and “objective decomposition” are used in this paper to select the typical indexes from three sectors of “borrowing, using & repaying” and all sectors corresponding weight are shown, combined with “risk mapping”; Secondly, the range and claim-size distributions of all indexes are shown in international standard, and the risk factors are calculated; Finally, the paper draws the conclusion that the analysis report is consistent with the current situation combined with case analysis. So, local government policy makers can take appropriate measures to prevent and control the occurrence of debt risk based on the conclusion above.
Immune response of rabbits immunized by killed whole cell sonicated E. coli 0157 antigen and crude Klebocin

This present research was aimed to estimate the immune responses of rabbits immunized by KWCSAE.coli 0157 and Klebocin during the period from November-2016 to May-2017. Thirty rabbits of both genders were randomly divided into six equal groups (5 animals for each group). Three types of tests were performed which were Skin Test (The delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)), Tube Agglutination Test and ELISA. The Skin Test was performed at 18 days post immunization. The results showed an elevation in the means of erythema at 24hr of the 1, 2, 3,4 and 5 groups which were 9.70, 8.90, 8.20, 6.00± 0.15 and 5.60 mm respectively. There was also a significant increasing (P<0.05) in the diameter of induration of the same sequence groups (8.30, 8.00, 7.60, 5.00 and 4.50 mm). The results of tube agglutination test showed at 20 days the highest titration was (1120.00) in the first group, while the lowest titer was 160.00 in the fifth group with significant differences (P˂0.05). On the other hand ELISA showed elevation at 20 days in both of IL-2 (180.82) and IL-6 (107.69) levels in first group whereas the lowest concentration at 60 days post immunization in all groups, with significant differences (P˂0.0 5). The results of the present study indicated that there was an interaction between both antigens which could enhance the humoral and cellular immune response.
Evaluation of laboratory parameters in predicting ischemic stroke in essential hypertension patients

Objectives: Essential hypertension is the most common chronic disease which is associated with an array of long-term end-organ diseases. Clinically, it would be helpful to detect high-risk patients early in development process of the disease, in order to avoid or delay the onset of comorbidities. The aim of our study was to evaluate the laboratory parameters which are possibly related to the onset of Ischemic Stroke (IS) in essential hypertension, and identify the strongest predicting laboratory parameters. Methods: Totally 377 consecutive patients with a primary diagnosis of hypertension were recruited in our study. These patients were categorized according to the presence of IS. Nineteen routine laboratory parameters, such as Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Homocysteine (Hcy) and Fibrinogen (Fbg) were evaluated in all subjects. Results: Hypertensive patients have higher serum UA, ACE and HP levels than control patients. More importantly, ALP, Hcy, Fbg, WBC and BUN levels were higher in the group with IS compared with other groups. Three out of 19 laboratory parameters were significantly related with IS in essential hypertension patients on backward elimination including: ALP (1.88; 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.61), Hcy (1.62; 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.25), and Fbg (1.85; 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.52). Conclusions: According to our results, ALP, Hcy, and Fbg levels were significantly higher in patients with IS, we suggest that the three laboratory parameters were the strongest related to onset of IS in essential hypertension in our patient population.
A One-Sentence Line-of-Sight Proof of the Extreme Value Theorem

We give a one-sentence proof that a continuous real-valued function f on a closed, bounded interval attains a maximum value, by the following device. We define x in [a, b] to be a lookout point if f(t) does not exceed f(x) whenever t lies in [a, x). Letting c be the maximum of the set of lookout points, we prove that f(c) is the maximum value of f.
Training Laparoscopic Skills at Home

Objective. To determine residents’ opinion about a new portable box trainer, to see if they would be interested in using this for training at home, and to give an overview of the box trainers that could be used at home. Methods. An expert opinion study was performed among 27 gynecology residents to determine the value of the portable box trainer in training their laparoscopic skills and the value of using it at home. Their opinions were scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Results. Gynecology residents very much appreciated the portable box trainer in its design, size, visualization, light source, ability to record, and instruments (all median 4). They felt that the portable box trainer would be effective in training laparoscopic skills in general; in training hand-eye coordination, 3D perception, and tying knots (all median 4); and especially in training basic skills (median 5). Almost all residents would use the portable box trainer if they had one at home (median 5). The literature supports the hypothesis that training laparoscopic skills at home using a box trainer may be effective in acquiring and maintaining laparoscopic skills. Conclusions. Training laparoscopic skills at home using a portable box trainer may be of added value in the laparoscopic training of surgical residents. Residents feel positive about using the new portable box trainer that is presented and appreciate the possibility of training at home.