Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short birth-to-pregnancy intervals among African-born black women in Washington State

Abstract Background: Short birth-to-pregnancy intervals have been associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Racial disparities in short birth-to-pregnancy intervals and adverse perinatal outcomes are also well known. However, little is known about birth-to-pregnancy intervals among African-born black women in the US and risk factors that contribute to short birth-to-pregnancy intervals in this population. Objectives: To investigate the risk and associated risk factors of short birth-to-pregnancy intervals among African-born black women in Washington State. Study design: A retrospective cohort study using data from linked birth certificate and hospital discharge records for 18,984 consecutive, singleton birth pairs (1992–2013) to African-born black (n = 3312), US-born white (n = 7839), and US-born black women (n = 7833) in Washington State. Logistic regression models were used to determine adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Women with short birth-to-pregnancy intervals (<6 months) comprised 10.0% of African-born women, 4.3% of US-born white women, and 6.8% of US-born black women. African-born black women had 3-fold (aOR 3.44; 95%CI: 2.53–4.68) and 1.5-fold (aOR 1.49; 95%CI: 1.28–1.74) higher risk of short birth-to-pregnancy intervals compared with US-born white women and US-born black women, respectively. Among African-born black women, those born in East Africa (aOR 3.17; 95%CI: 1.92, 5.24) had higher odds of short birth-to-pregnancy intervals compared with those born in other regions of Africa. Maternal age ≥35 years old (aOR 0.59; 95%CI: 0.35, 0.98), multiparity (aOR 0.73; 95%CI: 0.54–0.98), > 12 years education (aOR 0.52; 95%CI: 0.38–0.71), and cesarean delivery in prior births (aOR 0.61; 95%CI: 0.44–0.84) were associated with lower odds of short birth-to-pregnancy intervals among African-born black women. Conclusions: African-born black women have higher risk for short birth-to-pregnancy intervals compared with US-born white and black women. Several risk factors (age, parity, education, and prior delivery type) contribute to short birth-to-pregnancy intervals among African-born black women. Future studies may inform our understanding of factors affecting pregnancy spacing and family planning strategies among African-born black women.
Promoting Strength and Balance in Adolescents During Physical Education: Effects of a Short-Term Resistance Training

Granacher, U, Muehlbauer, T, Doerflinger, B, Strohmeier, R, and Gollhofer, A. Promoting strength and balance in adolescents during physical education: effects of a short-term resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 25(4): 940-949, 2011-Secular trends in strength and postural control have been reported for children and adolescents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a short-term ballistic strength training (BST) followed by detraining on measures of strength and postural control in adolescents. Twenty-eight high-school students participated in this study and were assigned to either an intervention (n = 14, age 16.7 ± 0.6 years, body mass index [BMI] 21.1 ± 1.7 kg·m−2) or a control group (n = 14, age 16.8 ± 0.7 years, BMI 19.9 ± 1.7 kg·m−2). The intervention class participated in a short-term (8 week) lower extremity BST program 2 times a week integrated in their regular physical education lessons. Pre, post, and follow-up tests included the measurements of maximal isometric force (MIF) and rate of force development (RFD) of the leg extensors on a leg press with the feet resting on a force platform, vertical jumping height (countermovement jump [CMJ]) on a force plate and the assessment of static (1-legged stance on a balance platform), and dynamic (mediolateral perturbation impulse on a balance platform) postural control. Ballistic strength training resulted in statistically significant improvements in MIF (p = 0.001) and CMJ height (p < 0.001), which were still present after detraining for MIF (p = 0.04). Furthermore, tendencies in terms of small to medium interaction effects yet not statistically significant improvements were found for RFD (p = 0.38), and measures of static (p = 0.15) but not of dynamic postural control. In adolescents, lower extremity BST is a suitable training modality for the application in a school setting (particularly during physical education lessons) that produced transient improvements in strength variables. These results could have an impact on improving the performance level in various motor fitness skills and sports activities in physical education.
A systematic review of the evidence base for telehospice.

Abstract The use of telehealth technologies to overcome the geographic distances in the delivery of hospice care has been termed telehospice. Although telehospice research has been conducted over the last 10 years, little is known about the comprehensive findings within the field. The purpose of this systematic article was to focus on available research and answer the question, What is the state of the evidence related to telehospice services? The article was limited to studies that had been published in the English language and indexed between January 1, 2000 and March 23, 2010. Indexed databases included PubMed and PsycINFO and contained specified key words. Only research published in peer review journals and reporting empirical data, rather than opinion or editorials, were included. A two-part scoring framework was modified and applied to assess the methodological rigor and pertinence of each study. Scoring criteria allowed the evaluation of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Twenty-six studies were identified with the search strategy. Although limited in number and in strength, studies have evaluated the use of a variety of technologies, attitudes toward use by providers and consumers, clinical outcomes, barriers, readiness, and cost. A small evidence base for telehospice has emerged over the last 10 years. Although the evidence is of medium strength, its pertinence is strong. The evidence base could be strengthened with randomized trials and additional clinical-outcome-focused research in larger randomized samples and in qualitative studies with better-described samples.
Characterization of a thyroid-specific enhancer located 5.5 kilobase pairs upstream of the human thyroid peroxidase gene

A 6.3-kbp segment of DNA, upstream of the human thyroid peroxidase gene, and various deletions thereof were linked to a promoterless bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. These constructs were analyzed by transfection and expression in rat FRTL-5 thyroid cells and in human hepatoma HepG2 cells to localize sequences that are important for thyroid cell-specific expression of the thyroid peroxidase gene. A thyroid-specific enhancer element, capable of activating enhancerless simian virus 40 promoter expression in FRTL-5 cells, was localized to a 230-bp region approximately 5.5 kbp upstream of the human thyroid peroxidase gene transcription start site. DNase I footprinting, using nuclear extracts prepared from FRTL-5 cells, revealed three regions within the 230-bp fragment; none of these regions were protected by nuclear extracts from HepG2 cells. Gel mobility shift assays, using double-stranded oligonucleotides corresponding to the three protected regions, further confirmed the existence of factors in FRTL-5 cells, but not HepG2 cells, able to specifically bind to the enhancer sequences. These results suggest the presence of three cis-acting DNA elements in the human thyroid peroxidase gene enhancer that interact with thyroid-specific trans-acting factors.
Volume-weighted mean glomerular volume in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with different doses of spironolactone.

OBJECTIVES Ascertain alterations in volume-weighted glomerular volume in monotherapy of spontaneously hypertensive rats with different doses of spironolactone. MATERIAL AND METHODS We have studied young adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) 20 weeks old, divided in 4 groups of 5 animals each: Controls, spironolactone lower dose (5mg/kg/day), spironolactone average dose (10mg/kg/day), and spironolactone higher dose (30mg/kg/day) dissolved in drinking water (for 12 weeks). Serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine, and the volume-weighted mean glomerular volume (VWGV) were measured. RESULTS Common progress of blood pressure (BP) in young adult SHR was greatly altered by spironolactone treatment, by either attenuation or reversion of BP increasing tendency. Biochemical evaluation of kidney function indicated normal levels for albumin and creatinine, and high levels for BUN in SHR in all groups. Thickened intrarenal arteries and venous stasis were observed in all groups. Treated SHR spironolactone average and higher doses glomeruli presented smaller and more regular profiles; glomerular hypertrophy with glomerular tuft gross disarray in controls and treated SHR spironolactone lower dose was observed. VWGV was significantly greater in control and treated SHR spironolactone lower dose than in treated SHR spironolactone average and higher doses. CONCLUSIONS Monotherapy with spironolactone may affect glomerular size and shape in a dose-dependent way; spironolactone showed a significant effect in preserving VWGV, and may be used associated with other drugs in antihypertensive therapy to prevent secondary effects of hypertension in the kidney.
Enabling Effective Social Impact: Towards a Model for Impact Scaling Agreements

Scaling is a critical organizational phase for social organizations: their upfront financial needs increase dramatically. This paper responds—on the basis of initial research on capacity, up-, and deep scaling strategies—to the need for integrated knowledge on financing processes within the context of social organizations’ impact scaling phase. An exploration of a market leader’s processes uncovered both strengths and struggles, which in turn enabled new levels of understanding related to the research question, “How can impact scaling agreements enable effective social impact? ” The fact that the financial provider examined in this empirical study lacked alignment in its scaling approach, goals, and reporting processes over time hampered its effectiveness and sustainability. The findings from this qualitative inter-temporal content analysis enable the development of a model for impact scaling agreements. This shows ongoing flows between the provider and recipient of financial and nonfinancial resources and impact information, as well as decision-making and reporting processes. The outcome of researching the question “how can impact scaling agreements enable effective social impact? ” was the identification of three success enhancers for effective social impact scaling agreements to enable social impact: (1) Financial provider alignment pre- and per-engagement in terms of expectations with regard to scaling approach and goals; (2) Scaling approach coherence in terms of understanding and acting upon the inter-relatedness and, in fact, mutual dependency between capacity, up-, and deep scaling; (3) Impact reporting alignment of the target group with the financial recipient and the financial provider. This research makes a twofold contribution to the literature. First, the pivotal role of internal alignment between mission, strategy, reporting, and decision-making processes is explored; second, the three scaling strategies of capacity, up-, and deep scaling are established as interrelated dimensions of the same phenomenon.
Analytic Narratives: What they are and how they contribute to historical explanation

The expression “analytic narratives” is used to refer to a range of quite recent studies that lie on the boundaries between history, political science, and economics. These studies purport to explain specific historical events by combining the usual narrative approach of historians with the analytic tools that economists and political scientists draw from formal rational choice theories. Game theory, especially of the extensive form version, is currently prominent among these This chapter expands on work begun when the author visited Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin in 2015–16. For useful comments and encouragement, the author thanks Steven Brams, Bertrand Crettez, Lorraine Daston, Claude Diebolt, Françoise Forges, Luca Giuliani, Michael Gordin, Michael Haupert, Benjamin Miller, Roger Ransom, Daniel Schönpflug, Frank Zagare, as well as the participants at the workshops “The Limits and Possibilities of Narrative Explanations” (Wissenschaftskolleg, 17–18 March 2016) and “Computational Models of Narrative 2016” (Krakow, 11–12 July 2016). Many thanks also to Ben Young and Michael Haupert for assisting in the preparation of the final draft. P. Mongin (*) GREGHEC, Economics and Decision Sciences, CNRS & HEC Paris, Jouy-en-Josas, France e-mail: mongin@greg-hec.com # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 C. Diebolt, M. Haupert (eds.), Handbook of Cliometrics, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40458-0_52-1 1 tools, but there is nothing inevitable about such a technical choice. The chapter explains what analytic narratives are by reviewing the studies of the major book Analytic Narratives (Bates et al., 1998), which are concerned with the workings of political institutions broadly speaking, as well as several cases drawn from military and security studies, which form an independent source of the analytic narratives literature. At the same time as it gradually develops a definition of analytic narratives, the chapter investigates how they fulfil one of their main purposes, which is to provide explanations of a better standing than those of traditional history. An important principle that will emerge in the course of the discussion is that narration is called upon not only to provide facts and problems but also to contribute to the explanation itself. The chapter distinguishes between several expository schemes of analytic narratives according to the way they implement this principle. From all the arguments developed here, it seems clear that the current applications of analytic narratives do not exhaust their potential, and in particular that they deserve the attention of economic historians, if only because they are concerned with microeconomic interactions that are not currently their focus of attention.
Failure to Absorb: Remigration by Immigrants into Israel 1

Hypotheses about remigration by immigrants are investigated using longitudinal data from the 1970s for immigrants to Israel. The main finding is that experience of unemployment during the first year in Israel does not, on the whole, help predict subsequent remigration. The propensity to remigrate varies inversely with age for most groups, and it increases if the immigrant has not acquired permanent housing. Immigrants on temporary resident visas are naturally more prone to remigrate in the short run. The well-educated and the young are more likely to be temporary residents.
A phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of AT7519, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in patients with refractory solid tumors.

BACKGROUND AT7519 is an inhibitor of multiple cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Based on potent antitumor activity in preclinical models, a first-in-human clinical trial in refractory solid tumors investigated its safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). PATIENTS AND METHODS AT7519 was administered in a '3 + 3' dose- escalation scheme on 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks to patients with advanced, refractory solid tumors. Samples to monitor AT7519 PK and PD were obtained. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients were treated at seven dose levels (1.8-40 mg/m(2)/day). At 40 mg/m(2)/day, one patient developed hypotension and ST segment elevation. At 34 mg/m(2)/day, dose-limiting toxic effects (DLTs) were QTc prolongation with one death (grade 5), fatigue (grade 4) and mucositis (grade 3). Electrocardiogram review suggested a dose-dependent increase in QTc and recruitment was discontinued without establishing a maximum tolerated dose. Four patients exhibited stable disease for >6 months and one had a prolonged partial response. PK profile revealed modest interpatient variation with linear exposure at increasing doses. Inhibition of markers of CDK activity was observed across the dose range and manifested in antiproliferative activity at a dose of 28 mg/m(2). CONCLUSION AT7519 elicited clinical and PD activity resulting from CDK inhibition at doses below the appearance of DLT of QTc prolongation.
Chinese Stock Price and Volatility Predictions with Multiple Technical Indicators

While a large number of studies have been reported in the literature with reference to the use of Regression model and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models in predicting stock prices in western countries, the Chinese stock market is much less studied. Note that the latter is growing rapidly, will overtake USA one in 20 - 30 years time and thus be-comes a very important place for investors worldwide. In this paper, an attempt is made at predicting the Shanghai Composite Index returns and price volatility, on a daily and weekly basis. In the paper, two different types of prediction models, namely the Regression and Neural Network models are used for the prediction task and multiple technical indicators are included in the models as inputs. The performances of the two models are compared and evaluated in terms of di- rectional accuracy. Their performances are also rigorously compared in terms of economic criteria like annualized return rate (ARR) from simulated trading. In this paper, both trading with and without short selling has been consid- ered, and the results show in most cases, trading with short selling leads to higher profits. Also, both the cases with and without commission costs are discussed to show the effects of commission costs when the trading systems are in actual use.
Nondeterministic polynomial time versus nondeterministic logarithmic space: time-space tradeoffs for satisfiability

We give the first nontrivial model-independent time-space tradeoffs for satisfiability. Namely, we show that SAT cannot be solved simultaneously in n/sup 1+0(1)/ time and n/sup 1-/spl epsiv// space for any /spl epsiv/>0 on general random-access nondeterministic Turing machines. We also give several other related results. Our proof uses two basic ideas. First we show that if SAT can be solved nondeterministically with a small amount of space then we can collapse a nonconstant number of levels of the polynomial-time hierarchy. Next we extend work of V. Nepomnjascii (1970) to show that a nondeterministic computation of super linear time and sublinear space can be simulated in alternating linear time. Combining these facts with simple diagonalization yields our main result. We discuss how these bounds lead to a new approach to separating the complexity classes NL and NP. We give some possibilities and limitations of this approach.
Local calcium release activation by DHPR calcium channel openings in rat cardiac myocytes

The principal role of calcium current in the triggering of calcium release in cardiac myocytes is well recognized. The mechanism of how calcium current (ICa) controls the intensity of calcium release is not clear because of the stochastic nature of voltage‐dependent gating of calcium channels (DHPRs) and of calcium‐dependent gating of ryanodine receptors (RyRs). To disclose the relation between DHPR openings and the probability of calcium release, local calcium release activation by ICa was investigated in rat ventricular myocytes using patch‐clamp and confocal microscopy. Calcium spikes were activated by temporally synchronized DHPR calcium current triggers, generated by instantaneous ‘tail’ICa and modulated by prepulse duration, by tail potential, and by the DHPR agonist BayK 8644. The DHPR–RyR coupling fidelity was determined from the temporal distribution of calcium spike latencies using a model based on exponentially distributed DHPR open times. The analysis provided a DHPR mean open time of ∼0.5 ms, RyR activation time constant of ∼0.6 ms, and RyR activation kinetics of the 4th order. The coupling fidelity was low due to the inherent prevalence of very short DHPR openings but was increased when DHPR openings were prolonged by BayK 8644. The probability of calcium release activation was high, despite low coupling fidelity, due to the activation of many DHPRs at individual release sites. We conclude that the control of calcium release intensity by physiological stimuli can be achieved by modulating the number and duration of DHPR openings at low coupling fidelity, thus avoiding the danger of inadvertently triggering calcium release events.
Transduction and Elimination of Resistance Determinants in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Elimination and transduction of drug resistance was examined in methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Irreversible spontaneous loss and “curing” by aging of cultures and by treatment with ethidium bromide indicated that the determinants for penicillinase production and chloramphenicol resistance, and probably also for neomycin resistance, were located extrachromosomally. On the other hand, the determinants of resistance to erythromycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and methicillin could not be eliminated by acridines, ethidium bromide, rifampin, sodium dodecyl sulfate, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, growth at 43.5 C, aging of cultures, or combinations of these treatments. The stimulation of transduction frequency by UV irradiation of phage in the case of the stable markers, but not in the case of the unstable ones, supported further the hypothesis of chromosomal location of the markers of methicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and streptomycin resistance and extrachromosomal location of the determinants for penicillinase production and chloramphenicol resistance. Neomycin resistance could not be transduced. Joint elimination and co-transduction of the determinants for penicillinase production and resistance to chloramphenicol and neomycin were not observed, indicating the location of these markers on separate, mutually compatible plasmids. Co-transduction of chromosomal resistance determinants was usually less than 1%, which makes the location of these genes in a circumscribed area of the chromosome improbable.