Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growing Political: Violence, Community Forestry, and Environmental Defender Subjectivity

Abstract Why do environmental defenders continue to participate in community-based efforts to protect the environment despite threats to their lives and minimal success in deterring or punishing offenders? Examining Community Forestry initiatives in Cambodia, we find that forest protection is not only a means to gain environmental, economic, or social benefits, but also a means for forest defenders to assert themselves as political actors in relation to the state and other citizens. Rather than simply repressing and disciplining forest dwelling populations, violence against defenders shapes their subjectivity and re-politicizes their lives. Distinguishing between various forms of violence associated with different illicit forest users, we highlight how forest protection becomes a means of political self-expression and rights-based resistance as forest defenders reinterpret direct violence through experiences and understandings of structural and symbolic violence. Participation in CF thus unlocks ways of being political and contesting oppressive structures while acting within sanctioned institutions.
Perinatal choline deficiency delays brain development and alters metabolite concentrations in the young pig

Objectives: Adequate choline supply during the perinatal period is critical for proper brain formation, when robust neurogenesis and neuronal maturation occur. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the impact of perinatal choline status on neurodevelopment. Methods: Sows were fed a choline-deficient (CD) or choline-sufficient (CS) diet during the last half of the gestational period. At 2 days of age, piglets from sows within each prenatal treatment group were further stratified into postnatal treatment groups and provided either a CD or CS milk replacer, resulting in four treatment groups. At 30 days of age, piglets underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures to analyze structural and metabolite differences. Results: Single-voxel spectroscopy (SVS) analysis revealed postnatally CS piglets had higher (P < 0.001) concentrations of glycerophosphocholine–phosphocholine than postnatally CD piglets. Volumetric analysis indicated smaller (P < 0.006) total brain volumes in prenatally CD piglets compared with prenatally CS piglets. Differences (P < 0.05) in the corpus callosum, pons, midbrain, thalamus, and right hippocampus, were observed as larger region-specific volumes proportional to total brain size in prenatally CD piglets compared with CS piglets. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) suggested interactions (P < 0.05) between prenatal and postnatal choline status in fractional anisotropy values of the thalamus and right hippocampus. Prenatally CS piglets had lower cerebellar radial diffusivity (P = 0.045) compared with prenatally CD piglets. Discussion: This study demonstrates that prenatal choline deficiency has profound effects by delaying neurodevelopment as evidenced by structural and metabolic MRI assessments.
Multiobjective Sequential Optimization Method for the Design of Industrial Electromagnetic Devices

A multiobjective sequential optimization method (MSOM) is presented to deal with practical design problems of industrial electromagnetic devices. MSOM consists of a sequential optimization strategy of multiobjective optimization model and a modified central composite design (CCD) sampling method. To improve the optimization efficiency, Kriging model is employed to construct the approximate multiobjective optimization models. Then a modified CCD sampling method is presented to update the sample sets with the obtained Pareto optimal points and Kriging models. Thereafter, by investigating a test function and a three-dimensional permanent magnet transverse flux machine, it can be found that the proposed method is efficient, and the computation cost of finite element analysis can be saved remarkably.
Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Visnagin and Ammi visnaga Aqueous Extract after Oral Administration in Rats

The furanochromone visnagin is one of the main compounds of Ammi visnaga L. (syn. Khella) with potential effects on kidney stone prevention. After determination of the pharmacokinetic properties of visnagin after intravenous bolus administration in rats, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of visnagin and an aqueous Ammi visnaga extract after oral administration in rats. In two separate experiments, three doses of visnagin (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) solubilized in 25 % Captisol® and three doses of Ammi visnaga extract (standardized on visnagin and containing equivalent amounts of visnagin) were administered by oral gavage to male Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively. Plasma samples were extracted and subsequently analyzed using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Plasma concentration-time profiles were explored by non-compartmental analysis. Visnagin plasma exposure (median AUClast and AUCinf) was significantly increased for all three doses (more than 10-fold for the low dose) when administered as an extract compared to the pure agent. For both the Ammi visnaga extract and the pure compound, AUClast and AUCinf increased disproportionately with an increase in dose. Visnagin resided significantly longer in the body when given in the form of AVE with up to a three times longer median MRTlast and MRTinf for the low dose. Cmax values after AVE administration were elevated and occurred at later time points in comparison to equivalent doses of pure visnagin. The terminal half-life increased with the dose for both AVE and pure visnagin, reaching a maximum value of 1.94 h for the 10 mg/kg pure compound group.In conclusion, the exposure of visnagin is enhanced after extract administration and could result in a superior efficacy of AVE compared to an equivalent dose of visnagin.
Military Defection During Localized Protests: The Case of Tataouine

In May 2017, the Tunisian military allowed protesters to storm and shut down an oil valve in Tataouine, in contravention of a direct order from President Essebsi to defend the production site. While scholars have recently examined military defection during mass uprisings, these protests were small and localized. Why did the military disobey President Essebsi in Tataouine? Drawing upon a unique survey of military officers conducted six months prior to the defection, this paper shows that the military’s defection may not have been prompted by its professionalism, but by its composition and corporate interests. The majority of the military hails from impoverished regions in Tunisia’s neglected interior, and as such identifies with the demands of protesters in these regions. The military had also seen the curtailment of its material and political interests in early 2017, giving it little incentive to repress protesters on the regime’s behalf. The military’s composition and corporate interests may thus breed defection even in the face of small-scale protests that do not threaten to topple the regime. ∗I am indebted to the generous funding of the Project on Middle East Political Science, the Bobst Center for Peace and Justice, the Center for International Security Studies, and the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies. For helpful comments, I thank the reviewers and editors of International Studies Quarterly, Amaney Jamal, Nate Allen, Matthew Cebul, and Bob Kubinec. I also thank Intissar Samarat, Hamza Mighri, Safa Belghith, and Mohamed Dhia Hammami for research assistance, and retired Colonel Major Mahmoud Mezoughi for help in administering the survey to the Association of Former Officers of the National Armed Forces. Interviews were approved through Princeton IRB #6749, and the survey through Princeton IRB #7866.
Sodium orthovanadate stimulation of DNA synthesis in nakano mouse lens epithelial cells in serum‐free medium

Quiescent cultured Nakano mouse lens cells incubated for 40 hours with sodium orthovanadate incorporated 3H‐thymidine at an accelerated rate; the greatest response occurred at 20 μM vanadate, whereas by 2 μM an incorporation rate equivalent to unstimulated cells was noted. Microscopic examination of the cells revealed that those exposed to concentrations of vanadate greater than 100 μM had lysed by the end of the 40‐hour incubation. Reduction in vanadate exposure time to 1 hour caused the cells to incorporate the greatest amount of 3H‐thymidine at a vanadate concentration of 200 μM to 500 μM. Half‐maximum incorporation of 3H‐thymidine (after a 40‐hour incubation) was induced by a 2‐hour incubation with 20 μM vanadate. Studies with insulin showed that while 20 ng/ml insulin alone did not increase 3H‐thymidine incorporation, 20 ng/ml insulin in combination with 20 μM vanadate resulted in a significant increase in 3H‐thymidine uptake over cells exposed to only vanadate. Insulin alone will increase cell number and insulin with vanadate are synergistic in the stimulation of DNA synthesis, but the two together show no further increase in cell number over that produced by insulin alone. Thus, vanadate can increase progression from G1/G0 to S‐phase, but cannot stimulate cells to divide. Studies designed to detect DNA damage and repair rather than S‐phase DNA synthesis demonstrated that vanadate was not causing increased 3H‐thymidine uptake by damaging DNA. Cell counts revealed that vanadate, while able to induce DNA synthesis, does not induce mitosis. Autoradiography and equilibrium sedimentation experiments demonstrated that gene amplification was not occurring. A known vanadate exchange inhibitor blocked the ability of vanadate to increase 3H‐thymidine incorporation which is consistent with the idea that cellular internalization of vanadate is required for this effect to be seen. 86Rb+ uptake experiments demonstrate that the vanadate concentration inducing 50% inhibition of (Na+, K+)ATPase is nearly two orders of magnitude more concentrated that vanadate concentrations shown capable of inducing 3H‐thymidine uptake. This strongly suggests that (Na+, K+)ATPase inhibition is not the central mechanism by which DNA synthesis is stimulated by vanadate.
Nonstructural Protein 5A of Hepatitis C Virus Inhibits the Function of Karyopherin β3

ABSTRACT It has been suggested that nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) plays a role in the incapacitation of interferon by inactivation of RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR. In order to further investigate the role of NS5A, we tried to identify cellular proteins interacting with NS5A by using the yeast two-hybrid system. The karyopherin β3 gene was isolated from a human liver cell library as a protein interacting with NS5A. The protein-protein interaction between NS5A and karyopherin β3 was confirmed by in vitro binding assay and an in vivo coimmunoprecipitation method. The effect of NS5A on the karyopherin β3 activity was investigated using a yeast cell line containing mutations in both PSE1 andKAP123, genes that are homologous to the human karyopherin β3 gene. Human karyopherin β3 complemented the loss of thePSE1 and KAP123 functions, supporting growth of the double mutant cells. However, expression of NS5A hampered the growth of the double mutant cells supplemented with human karyopherin β3. On the other hand, expression of NS5A by itself had no effect on the growth of the double mutant expressing wild-type yeastPSE1. This indicates that NS5A may inhibit karyopherin β3 function via protein-protein interaction. The role of NS5A in HCV replication is discussed.
The efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin for primary sleep disorders a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Exogenous melatonin has been increasingly used in the management of sleep disorders.PURPOSE: To conduct a systematic review of the efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin in the management of primary sleep disorders.DATA SOURCES: A number of electronic databases were searched. We reviewed the bibliographies of included studies and relevant reviews and conducted hand-searching.STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible for the efficacy review, and controlled trials were eligible for the safety review.DATA EXTRACTION: One reviewer extracted data, while the other verified data extracted. The Random Effects Model was used to analyze data.DATA SYNTHESIS: Melatonin decreased sleep onset latency (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −11.7 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −18.2, −5.2)); it was decreased to a greater extent in people with delayed sleep phase syndrome (WMD: −38.8 minutes; 95% CI: −50.3, −27.3; n=2) compared with people with insomnia (WMD: −7.2 minutes; 95% CI: −12.0, −2.4; n=12). The former result appears to be clinically important. There was no evidence of adverse effects of melatonin.CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to suggest that melatonin is not effective in treating most primary sleep disorders with short-term use (4 weeks or less); however, additional large-scale RCTs are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn. There is some evidence to suggest that melatonin is effective in treating delayed sleep phase syndrome with short-term use. There is evidence to suggest that melatonin is safe with short-term use (3 months or less).
How to Manage Creativity Time? Results from a Social Psychological Time Model Lab Experiment on Individual Creative and Routine Performance

Companies have long used various approaches for organizing their employees' time for creative and routine tasks in order to improve innovative performance. In this paper, we examine how work schedule autonomy affects individuals' creative and routine performance. We then evaluate non&#8208;commissioned time models. Results of laboratory experiments with 233 participants reveal that while average routine performance is not affected by schedule autonomy, the effect of schedule autonomy on creative performance depends on the subject's impulsiveness. There is evidence of an inverse relationship between schedule autonomy and creative performance among subjects of low impulsiveness. Hence, our results indicate that the optimal management policy depends on the manager's focus on creative or routine performance and the types of employees the manager supervises. For routine performance, the creativity time model has no significant impact.
Evaluation of the Adaptive Beamforming Capability of an ESPAR Antenna Using the Genetic Algorithm

The electrically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna, which is expected to be a key component in wireless ad hoc networking, is a single-output array. Because it is not possible to observe the output signal of each element of the antenna, it is impractical to directly apply most of the algorithms designed for conventional array antennas. Therefore, to evaluate the adaptive beamforming capability of the ESPAR antenna, the genetic algorithm (GA) is applied and the results are compared with those obtained by applying the steepest-gradient algorithm (SGA) to the ESPAR antenna. The GA results reveal that the ESPAR antenna possesses the ability to form a beam and null at the same time, even when the angular difference between the desired and interference signal is less than 60 degrees
Managing Paradox for the Sustainability of Social Enterprises: An Empirical Study of Forestry Community Cooperatives in Indonesia

Abstract Social enterprises (SEs) have a paradoxical nature in serving economic and social objectives and meeting them is essential in managing SEs effectively. This study surveys 561 senior executives of 189 forestry cooperatives in Indonesia to assess whether these SE leaders demonstrate such behaviours and to establish their origins. Results demonstrate that the need for cognition and environmental complexity determine the cognitive complexity of SE leaders and environmental complexity is more dominant than the need for cognition. This indicates that cognitive complexity is externally rather than internally driven and that leaders’ commercial and pro-social behaviours raise sustainability of their cooperatives. Cognitive complexity instigates both behaviours.
Heart-focused attention and heart-brain synchronization: energetic and physiological mechanisms.

CONTEXT Many relaxation, meditation, and imagery techniques that implicitly or explicitly involve focused attention on the body, including qigong, massage, and noncontact therapeutic touch, purportedly employ energetic and physiological mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To show that, from a perspective of dynamical energy systems, relaxed self-attention enhances connectivity between the brain and body. This enhanced connectivity may be achieved by at least 2 mechanisms: (1) physiological mechanisms employing peripheral negative feedback loops, and (2) bioelectromagnetic mechanisms involving direct energetic resonance between the peripheral organ and the brain. DESIGN 19 channels of electroencephalogram, 1 electrocardiogram, and 2 channels of electro-oculogram were recorded from 22 subjects who focused their attention on their heartbeats or eye movements, with and without kinesthetic (touch) biofeedback to increase somatic awareness. RESULTS Analyses of the electroencephalogram synchronized with the electrocardiogram revealed significant effects for heart-focused attention, primarily with touch biofeedback, following the contraction of the ventricles (possibly reflecting increased baroreceptor and somatosensory feedback); and significant effects for heart-focused attention, with and without touch biofeedback, preceding the contraction of the ventricles (possibly reflecting direct electromagnetic interactions between the heart and the brain). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that energetic and physiological mechanisms may be involved in techniques in which the goal is to promote mind-body integration and health.
Intestinal amino acid absorption in lambs fed fresh Lucerne ( Medicago sativa) during an established Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection.

The effects of an established Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection on amino acid (AA) absorption from the small intestine and their availability to other tissues were determined in lambs 48 days post infection. The lambs were fed fresh Lucerne (Medicago sativa; 800 g dry matter (DM)/day) and dosed with 6000 L3 T. colubriformis larvae for 6 days (n = 5) or kept as parasite free controls (n = 6). Faecal egg production was monitored every second day from day 22 to day 48. A nitrogen (N) balance was conducted on days 35 to 43 after infection, and digesta flow and AA concentration measurements were made on day 44. On day 48 after infection, blood was continuously collected from the mesenteric artery and vein, plasma harvested and AA concentrations measured. Faecal egg production peaked on the 26th day after infection (P < 0.001) and intestinal worm burdens on day 48 were greater (P < 0.001) in the infected lambs. Feed intake and liveweight gain were similar (P > 0.10) between control and infected lambs. Digestibility and flow of DM and N through the digestive tract were also unaffected (P > 0.10) by parasite infection. Despite a trend towards higher abomasal AA flux in the parasitised lambs (P < 0.10), apparent AA absorption from the small intestine and AA availability to other tissues were unaffected (P > 0.10) by infection. These results suggest that an established parasite infection had little effect on the intestinal absorption and availability of AA to other tissues in lambs fed fresh Lucerne.
Effect of Direct Mail as a Population-Based Strategy to Increase Mammography Use among Low-Income Underinsured Women Ages 40 to 64 Years

Women with inadequate health insurance have lower mammography rates than the general population. Finding successful strategies to enroll eligible women is an ongoing challenge for the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program. To test the effectiveness of a population-based strategy to increase mammography utilization among low-income underinsured women ages 40 to 64 years, a randomized trial was conducted to assess the effect of two mailed interventions on mammography utilization through Sage, the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program in Minnesota. Women (N = 145,467) ages 40 to 63 years [mean (SD), 49.7 (6.8)] with estimated household incomes below $50,000 (47.9% were <$35,000) from a commercial database were randomized to three groups: Mail, Mail Plus Incentive, or Control. Both the Mail and the Mail Plus Incentive groups received two simple mailings prompting them to call a toll-free number to access free mammography services. The Mail Plus Incentive intervention offered a small monetary incentive for a completed mammogram. After 1 year, both intervention groups had significantly higher Sage mammography rates than the Controls, and the Mail Plus Incentive group had a significantly higher rate than the Mail group. The Mail and Mail Plus Incentive interventions were estimated to produce increases in Sage screening rates of 0.23% and 0.75%, respectively, beyond the composite Control rate of 0.83%. Direct mail is an effective strategy for increasing mammography use through Sage. Coupling direct mail with an incentive significantly enhances the intervention's effectiveness. Direct mail should be considered as a strategy to increase mammography use among low-income, medically underserved women.
Understanding switching losses in SiC MOSFET: Toward lossless switching

Due to the limitation in circuit measurements using current and voltage probes, the conventional ways of measuring switching losses lack the physical insight of the complicated witching process in power devices such as the SiC power MOSFET. This paper seeks to have a better understanding of the dynamic turn-on and turn-off processes of the SiC power MOSFET. Using a detailed finite element simulation model in TCAD Sentaurus, a better and accurate understanding of switching losses in SiC MOSFET is obtained. The physical insights during switching process, as well as the impact of gate resistance and common source parasitic inductance are studied. Based on the results obtained in this study, SiC MOSFET can achieve lossless switching for both turn-on and turn-off if certain conditions of its gate drive circuit and load current conditions are met. Therefore this analysis provides a theoretical guidance for high voltage SiC MOSFETs to be used in extremely high switching frequency applications.