Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Symbol Digit Modalities Test: A Screening Instrument for Brain-Damaged Children

28 brain-damaged males ranging in age from 8 to 16 yr. were compared with 28 nondamaged matching controls on their Symbol Digit Modalities Test performance. The damaged group performed significantly more poorly, and 75% of the subjects scored more than . 5 z score below their matched controls. The results suggest that this brief and objective test can be used to screen brain-damaged children when their performance is compared to that of a control group or the normative group.
Bandlimited Multiple Fourier Linear Combiner for Real-time Tremor Compensation

Surgical accuracy of the hand-held instruments depends on the active compensation of disturbance and tremor. Physiological tremor is one of the main causes for imprecision in micro-surgery procedures. One of the popular tremor compensation methods is based on weighted-frequency Fourier linear combiner (WFLC) algorithm, that can adapt to the changes in frequency as well as amplitude of the tremor signal. WLFC estimates the dominant frequency and the amplitude. For the case of tremor with frequency variation or comprising of two or three frequencies close in spectral domain, the WFLC performance is degraded. In this paper, we present a bandlimited multiple Fourier linear combiner that can track the modulated signals with multiple frequency components. We also discuss the tremor sensing with accelerometers. Using the proposed algorithm the drift caused by the accelerometers is also eliminated. The proposed filter is tested in real-time for 1-DOF cancellation of tremor.
Non-Adaptive Fault Diagnosis for All-Optical Networks via Combinatorial Group Testing on Graphs

We consider the problem of detecting failures for all-optical networks, with the objective of keeping the diagnosis cost low. Compared to the passive paradigm based on parity check in SONET, optical probing signals are sent proactively along lightpaths to probe their state of health and failure pattern is identified through the set of test results (i.e., probe syndromes). As an alternative to our previous adaptive approach where all the probes are sent sequentially, we consider in this work a non-adaptive approach where all the probes are sent in parallel. The design objective is to minimize the number of parallel probes, so as to keep network cost low. The non-adaptive fault diagnosis approach motivates a new technical framework that we introduce: combinatorial group testing with graph-based constraints. Using this framework, we develop several new probing schemes to detect network faults for all-optical networks with different topologies. The efficiency of our schemes often depends on the network topology; in many cases we can show that our schemes are optimal in minimizing the number of probes.
αB-Crystallin is a Novel Oncoprotein Associated with Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer

Purpose αB-crystallin, a small heat shock protein, is an anti-apoptotic protein associated with aggressive tumor behavior. A recent study revealed that αB-crystallin is overexpressed in a metastatic variant of the GI101A human breast carcinoma cell line. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether αB-crystallin is related to other breast tumor markers and can predict a breast cancer prognosis. Methods Eighty-two patients who underwent breast cancer surgery at Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital were enrolled. αB-crystallin expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor, lymphovascular invasion, histological grade, other tumor markers and time to recurrence were compared with αB-crystallin expression. Results αB-crystallin expression in breast cancer tissues was associated with PR (p=0.030), the number of metastatic lymph nodes (pN) (p=0.020), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.022), histological grade (p=0.004) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (p=0.004). αB-crystallin expression significantly decreased time to recurrence (p=0.039). Conclusion The results revealed a strong relationship between αB-crystallin and poor prognostic factors such as the number of metastatic lymph nodes (especially pN2), TNBC, and rapid time to recurrence. We believe that αB-crystallin could be a novel oncoprotein biomarker of a poor prognosis in breast cancer.
Differential benefits of amoxicillin-metronidazole in different phases of periodontal therapy in a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial.

BACKGROUND The specific advantage of administering systemic antibiotics during initial, non-surgical therapy or in the context of periodontal surgery is unclear. This study assesses the differential outcomes of periodontal therapy supplemented with amoxicillin-metronidazole during either the non-surgical or the surgical treatment phase. METHODS This is a single-center, randomized placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial with a 1-year follow-up. Eighty participants with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-associated moderate to advanced periodontitis were randomized into two treatment groups: group A, antibiotics (500 mg metronidazole plus 375 mg amoxicillin three times per day for 7 days) during the first, non-surgical phase of periodontal therapy (T1) and placebo during the second, surgical phase (T2); and group B, placebo during T1 and antibiotics during T2. The number of sites with probing depth (PD) >4 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) per patient was the primary outcome. RESULTS A total of 11,212 sites were clinically monitored on 1,870 teeth. T1 with antibiotics decreased the number of sites with PD >4 mm and BOP per patient significantly more than without (group A: from 34.5 to 5.7, 84%; group B: from 28.7 to 8.7, 70%; P <0.01). Twenty patients treated with antibiotics, but only eight treated with placebo, achieved a 10-fold reduction of diseased sites (P = 0.007). Consequently, fewer patients of group A needed additional therapy, the mean number of surgical interventions was lower, and treatment time in T2 was shorter. Six months after T2, the mean number of residual pockets (group A: 2.8 ± 5.2; group B: 2.2 ± 5.0) was not significantly different and was sustained over 12 months in both groups. CONCLUSION Giving the antibiotics during T1 or T2 yielded similar long-term outcomes, but antibiotics in T1 resolved the disease quicker and thus reduced the need for additional surgical intervention.
Research of Credit Risk of Commercial Bank Personal Loan based on Association Rule

Guard against financial risks, reduce bad loans, increase the ability to identity risk of commercial banks, the key is risk warning. In view of the increasing proportion of personal loans in banking business, it is particularly important to warning personal loans credit risk. Commercial bank lending itself is a complex nonlinear system, using general linear theory is difficult to objectively reflect the laws of this, this paper uses association rule. Personal loan credit index first constructed, and then use apriori algorithm to extract rules. Results showed that apriori algorithm plays an important role in identifying risk in personal loans.
Microarray analysis reveals a major direct role of DNA copy number alteration in the transcriptional program of human breast tumors

Genomic DNA copy number alterations are key genetic events in the development and progression of human cancers. Here we report a genome-wide microarray comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) analysis of DNA copy number variation in a series of primary human breast tumors. We have profiled DNA copy number alteration across 6,691 mapped human genes, in 44 predominantly advanced, primary breast tumors and 10 breast cancer cell lines. While the overall patterns of DNA amplification and deletion corroborate previous cytogenetic studies, the high-resolution (gene-by-gene) mapping of amplicon boundaries and the quantitative analysis of amplicon shape provide significant improvement in the localization of candidate oncogenes. Parallel microarray measurements of mRNA levels reveal the remarkable degree to which variation in gene copy number contributes to variation in gene expression in tumor cells. Specifically, we find that 62% of highly amplified genes show moderately or highly elevated expression, that DNA copy number influences gene expression across a wide range of DNA copy number alterations (deletion, low-, mid- and high-level amplification), that on average, a 2-fold change in DNA copy number is associated with a corresponding 1.5-fold change in mRNA levels, and that overall, at least 12% of all the variation in gene expression among the breast tumors is directly attributable to underlying variation in gene copy number. These findings provide evidence that widespread DNA copy number alteration can lead directly to global deregulation of gene expression, which may contribute to the development or progression of cancer.
SMT-Based System Verification with DVF

We introduce the Deductive Verication Framework (DVF ), a language and a tool for verifying properties of transition systems. The language is procedural and the system transitions are a selected subset of procedures. The type system and built-in operations are consistent with SMT-LIB, as are the multisorted rst-order logical formulas that may occur in DVF programs as pre- and post-conditions, assumptions, assertions, and goals. A template mechanism allows parametric specication of complex types within the connes of this logic. Verication conditions are generated from specied goals and passed to SMT engine(s). A general assume-guarantee scheme supports a thin layer of interactive proving.
Averufanin is an aflatoxin B1 precursor between averantin and averufin in the biosynthetic pathway

Wild-type Aspergillus parasiticus produces, in addition to the colorless aflatoxins, a number of pigmented secondary metabolites. Examination of these pigments demonstrated that a major component was an anthraquinone, averufanin. Radiolabeling studies with [14C]averufanin showed that 23% of the label was incorporated into aflatoxin B1 by the wild type and that 31% of the label was incorporated into O-methylsterigmatocystin by a non-aflatoxin-producing isolate. In similar studies with blocked mutants of A. parasiticus the 14C label from averufanin was accumulated in averufin (72%) and versicolorin A (54%) but not averantin. The results demonstrate that averufanin is a biosynthetic precursor of aflatoxin B1 between averantin and averufin.
Analysis and Prediction of Dutch-English Code-switching in Dutch Social Media Messages

Multi-lingual phenomena as code-switching disturb widely used language interpretation tools, while the demand for such tools is rising due to the expanding worldwide popularity of online applications. This study explores code-switching between the lexically strong related languages Dutch and English in Twitter messages. Contrary to similar studies on code-switching, the focus is centred on the occurrence of English words in everyday Dutch, instead of a specific bilingual community. This research covers five main stages. First, a new Twitter corpus is collected of which a subset is manually annotated. Second, linguistic analysis of Dutch-English code-switching is performed. Third, several models are explored to perform a language identification task at word level. Fourth, several models are explored to perform automatic prediction of code-switching at word level. Finally, the best models for both tasks are combined and tested. Results show that multi-language data remain a challenge for computational approaches.
Using psychophysiological techniques to measure user experience with entertainment technologies

Emerging technologies offer exciting new ways of using entertainment technology to create fantastic play experiences and foster interactions between players. Evaluating entertainment technology is challenging because success isn't defined in terms of productivity and performance, but in terms of enjoyment and interaction. Current subjective methods of evaluating entertainment technology aren't sufficiently robust. This paper describes two experiments designed to test the efficacy of physiological measures as evaluators of user experience with entertainment technologies. We found evidence that there is a different physiological response in the body when playing against a computer versus playing against a friend. These physiological results are mirrored in the subjective reports provided by the participants. In addition, we provide guidelines for collecting physiological data for user experience analysis, which were informed by our empirical investigations. This research provides an initial step towards using physiological responses to objectively evaluate a user's experience with entertainment technology.
Filament Winding Multifunctional Carbon Nanotube Composites of Various Dimensionality.

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been long considered an optimal material for composites due to their high strength, high modulus, and electrical/thermal conductivity. These composite materials have the potential to be used in the aerospace, computer, automotive, medical industry as well as many others. The nano dimensions of these structures make controlled alignment and distribution difficult using many production techniques. An area that shows promise for controlled alignment is the formation of CNT yarns. Different approaches have been used to create yarns with various winding angles and diameters. CNTs resemble traditional textile fiber structures due to their one-dimensional dimensions, axial strength and radial flexibility. One difference is, depending on the length, CNTs can have aspect ratios that far exceed those of traditional textile fibers. This can complicate processing techniques and cause agglomeration which prevents optimal structures from being created. However, with specific aspect ratios and spatial distributions a specific type of CNT, vertically aligned spinnable carbon nanotubes (VASCNTs), have interesting properties that allow carbon nanotubes to be drawn from an array in a continuous aligned web.
Endotoxin administration alters the force vs. pCa relationship of skeletal muscle fibers.

Recent work indicates that endotoxemia elicits severe reductions in skeletal muscle force-generating capacity. The subcellular alterations responsible for these decrements have not, however, been fully characterized. One possibility is that the contractile proteins per se are altered in endotoxemia and another is that the mechanism by which these proteins are activated is affected. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of endotoxin administration on the contractile proteins by examining the maximum calcium-activated force (F(max)) and calcium sensitivity of single Triton-skinned fibers of diaphragm, soleus, and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles taken from control and endotoxin-treated (8 mg/kg) rats. Fibers were mounted on a force transducer and sequentially activated by serial immersion in solutions of increasing Ca(2+) concentration (i.e., pCa 6.0 to pCa 5.0); force vs. pCa data were fit to the Hill equation. All fibers were typed at the conclusion of studies using gel electrophoresis. F(max), the calcium concentration required for half-maximal activation (Ca(50)), and the Hill coefficient were compared as a function of muscle and fiber type for the control and endotoxin-treated animals. Control group F(max) was similar for diaphragm, soleus, and EDL fibers, i.e., 112.34 +/- 2.64, 111.55 +/- 3.66, and 104.05 +/- 4.33 kPa, respectively. Endotoxin administration reduced the average F(max) for fibers from all three muscles to 80.25 +/- 2.30, 72.47 +/- 2.97, and 78.32 +/- 2.43 kPa, respectively (P < 0.001 for comparison of each to control). All fiber types in diaphragm, soleus, and EDL muscles manifested similar endotoxin-related reductions in F(max). The Ca(50) and the Hill coefficient for all fiber types and all muscles were unaffected by endotoxin administration. We speculate that these alterations in the intrinsic properties of the contractile proteins represent a major mechanism by which endotoxemia reduces muscle force-generating capacity.
Acoustic parameters for the automatic detection of vowel nasalization

The aim of this work was to propose Acoustic Parameters (APs) for the automatic detection of vowel nasalization based on prior knowledge of the acoustics of nasalized vowels. Nine automatically extractable APs were proposed to capture the most important acoustic correlates of vowel nasalization (extra pole-zero pairs, F1 amplitude reduction, F1 bandwidth increase and spectral flattening). The performance of these APs was tested on several databases with different sampling rates and recording conditions. Accuracies of 96.28%, 77.90% and 69.58% were obtained by using these APs on StoryDB, TIMIT and WS96/97 databases, respectively, in a Support Vector Machine classifier framework. To our knowledge these results are the best anyone has achieved on this task. Index Terms: nasal, nasalization, acoustic parameters, landmark, speech recognition.
A Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-2 from a Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line, PL-21, Binds to the Carboxy-Terminal Chain of Plasminogen Activators

Summary A promyelocytic leukemia cell line, PL-21, was found to produce an inhibitor of plasminogen activators (PAI). The PAI reacted to anti-PAl-2 but not anti-PAI-1 anti-serum and had an apparent molecular weight of 43 kDa on unreduced SDS-PAGE. The PAI inhibited not only urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) but single- and two-chain tissue-type plasminogen activators (t-PAs) on plasminogen-containing fibrin plate. It formed SDS-stable complexes with both t-PA and u-PA but not with prourokinase as demonstrated by both fibrin zymography and immunoblotting using anti-PA and anti-PAI-2 antisera after SDS-PAGE. These complexes were still present even after reduction with dithiothreitol. The PAI appears to bind to the carboxy-terminal chain of both PAs, because the part of the band corresponding to the carboxy-terminal chain of PAs moved to an upper position as a result of complex formation when two-chain form of PAs were incubated with the PAI and analyzed by SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting
Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications Planar Octilinear Drawings with One Bend per Edge

In octilinear drawings of planar graphs, every edge is drawn as a sequence of horizontal, vertical and diagonal (45 •) line segments. In this paper, we study octilinear drawings of low edge complexity, i.e., with few bends per edge. A k-planar graph is a planar graph in which each vertex has degree at most k. In particular, we prove that every 4-planar graph admits a planar octilinear drawing with at most one bend per edge on an integer grid of size O(n 2) × O(n). For 5-planar graphs, we prove that one bend per edge still suffices in order to construct planar octilinear drawings, but in super-polynomial area. However, for 6-planar graphs we give a class of graphs whose planar octilinear drawings require at least two bends per edge for some edges.
Training and Evaluation of the HIS POMDP Dialogue System in Noise

This paper investigates the claim that a dialogue manager modelled as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) can achieve improved robustness to noise compared to conventional state-based dialogue managers. Using the Hidden Information State (HIS) POMDP dialogue manager as an exemplar, and an MDP-based dialogue manager as a baseline, evaluation results are presented for both simulated and real dialogues in a Tourist Information Domain. The results on the simulated data show that the inherent ability to model uncertainty, allows the POMDP model to exploit alternative hypotheses from the speech understanding system. The results obtained from a user trial show that the HIS system with a trained policy performed significantly better than the MDP baseline.
Solar cell and method of manufacture thereof

A solar cell (100), the formed concave and convex portion on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1, the main surface is covered with the insulating film 3, includes at least a portion the top of one of the projections (15) forming concave-convex portions semiconductor layer exposed area 5 in the form, that is not covered with the insulating film 3 which is formed on the main surface. Convex semiconductor layer (15) top (25) directly or indirectly, and the output take-out electrode 7 is in contact via a conductive layer different in the exposure in the region 5 is formed. Other than the semiconductor layer exposed region 5, the top portion 25 of the semiconductor substrate 1 a main surface, covered with the insulating layer 3 in the form that includes a concave-convex portion 15 and convex portion 15 of the the coating zone in the insulating film 3 as an etching protection film (4), formed by removing the insulating film 3 of the top portion 25 of the convex portion 15 by after etching.
A dynamically-weighted software reliability combination model

In this paper, a dynamically-weighted software reliability combination model is proposed, aiming at improving predictive quality. The process of forming the combination model includes selection of component models and determination of weight assignment. Criteria for selecting component models include life cycle phase, trend exhibited by failure data, validity of model assumptions and predictive biases of model. The method of determining weights of component models is based prequential likelihood. A set of failure data is introduced for validation, the result of which implies that the prediction given by the combination model is more dependable than single model.
Between the Letter of the Law and the Demands of Politics : Judicial Balancing of Trade Authority within the WTO

The judicial bodies of the World Trade Organization (WTO) operate virtually free from direct government influence. Yet they are also politically savvy and at times conform their rulings to the preferences of member states. This article employs original measures of judgment outcomes and aggregate levels of government support for the WTO’s dispute settlement bodies to identify the conditions under which they do so. It finds that dispute panels tend to signal less deference to governments’ regulatory choices—asserting international authority over a vast range of policy areas—only when they enjoy relatively greater support among the membership as a whole. Yet panels are not purely political actors, as they are accountable to a higher judicial authority. This article finds further that the legal constraints imposed by precedent moderate the influence of political pressures on panel validation of trade measures. In this way, panels simultaneously seek to maximize their support among their legal and their political audiences, thereby balancing greater legalism and predictability within the trade regime against continued flexibility for governments. ∗Visiting Assistant Professor, Boston University School of Law; Ph.D. candidate, Department of Government, Harvard University; J.D. , Harvard Law School. Email: creamer@fas.harvard. edu. For helpful comments and useful discussions, I would like to thank Beth Simmons, Dustin Tingley, Mark Wu, Gerald Neuman, Rachel Brewster, Sara B. Mitchell, Karen Alter, Mikael Rask Madsen, Anton Strezhnev, Joan Cho, Emily Clough, George Yin, Zuzanna Godzimirska, Todd Tucker, and participants in the University of Copenhagen’s iCourts Centre research workshop and the American Society of International Law’s Mid-Year Meeting Research Forum. Elise Barankouski provided invaluable research assistance.