Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The run-time structure of UIMS-supported applications

I. Introductio n This group was concerned with the run-time suppor t provided by a UIMS, as opposed to design, analysis , evaluation or other support. In particular, we wer e concerned with the demands placed on a dialogue manage r by user interfaces that require a high level of semanti c feedback. Traditionally, dialogue managers have attempted a strong separation of the seman component and the use r interface component. The assumption was that these wer e relatively independent, and that separating them would lea d to the benefits of modular programming ; each componen t could be developed and changed independently of the other , multiple interfaces could be provided to the sam e application, consistent interface styles could be developed , and so on. Unfortunately, this has not worked in practice. On e important reason is that many user interfaces, especiall y direct-manipulation interfaces [9,17], require that semanti c information be used extensively for controlling feedback , generating default values and error checking and recovery. For example, when using the Apple Macintosh, an icon ma y be dragged around with the mouse. When it is over other icons that can operate on it, such as the trash can, the operator icons are displayed in reverse video. This requires that semantic feedback (derived from the types of the icons) be provided while the mouse is tracking. In general, the traditional breakdown of feedback int o lexical, syntactic and semantic feedback does not adequately describe the variety of types of feedback currently in use. I n fact, feedback is best classified as a continuum based on th e amount of application semantic knowledge that is required. Myers [14] gives the example of mouse tracking to illustrate this. From less knowledge required to more knowledg e required, the cursor can do the following : (1) directly follo w the mouse, (2) follow the mouse, but move more pe r increment when the mouse is moving faster, (3) echo only a t fixed grid points, where the application sets the grid spacing , (4) echo only at legal character positions in a text editor wit h a fixed width font, (5) echo only at legal character position s in a text editor with a variable width font, and (6) echo onl y at legal and "good" moves in a game (such as Go or chess). In general, semantic information is needed …
Statistical Power Consumption Analysis and Modeling for GPU-based Computing

In recent years, more and more transistors have been integrated within the GPU, which has resulted in steadily rising power consumption requirements. In this paper we present a preliminary scheme to statistically analyze and model the power consumption of a mainstream GPU (NVidia GeForce 8800gt) by exploiting the innate coupling among power consumption characteristics, runtime performance, and dynamic workloads. Based on the recorded runtime GPU workload signals, our trained statistical model is capable of robustly and accurately predicting power consumption of the target GPU. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first work that applies statistical analysis to model the power consumption of a mainstream GPU, and its results provide useful insights for future endeavors of building energy-efficient GPU computing paradigms.
Practical Linguistic Steganography Using Contextual Synonym Substitution and Vertex Colour Coding

Linguistic Steganography is concerned with hiding information in natural language text. One of the major transformations used in Linguistic Steganography is synonym substitution. However, few existing studies have studied the practical application of this approach. In this paper we propose two improvements to the use of synonym substitution for encoding hidden bits of information. First, we use the Web 1T Google n-gram corpus for checking the applicability of a synonym in context, and we evaluate this method using data from the SemEval lexical substitution task. Second, we address the problem that arises from words with more than one sense, which creates a potential ambiguity in terms of which bits are encoded by a particular word. We develop a novel method in which words are the vertices in a graph, synonyms are linked by edges, and the bits assigned to a word are determined by a vertex colouring algorithm. This method ensures that each word encodes a unique sequence of bits, without cutting out large number of synonyms, and thus maintaining a reasonable embedding capacity.
Lattice-Based Skinning and Deformation for Real-Time Skeleton-Driven Animation

In this paper, we present an efficient framework to deform polygonal models for skeleton-driven animation. Standard solutions of skeleton-driven animation, such as linear blend skinning, require intensive artist intervention and focus on primary deformations. The proposed approach can generate both low- and high-frequency surface motions such as muscle deformation and vibrations with little user intervention. Given a surface mesh, we construct a lattice of cubic cells embracing the mesh and we apply lattice-based smooth skinning to drive the surface primary deformation with volume preservation. Lattice shape matching with dynamic particles, in the meantime, is utilized for secondary deformations. Due to the highly parallel lattice structure, the proposed method is liable to GPU computation. Our results show that it is adequate to vividly real-time animation.
Differential Gene Expression and Adherence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 In Vitro and in Ligated Pig Intestines

Background Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain 86–24 grown in MacConkey broth (MB) shows almost no adherence to cultured epithelial cells but adheres well in pig ligated intestines. This study investigated the mechanisms associated with the difference between in-vitro and in-vivo adherence of the MB culture. Methodology/Principal Findings It was found that decreased adherence in vitro by bacteria grown in MB was mainly due to lactose, possibly implicating the involvement of carbon catabolite repression (CCR). Expression of selected virulence-related genes associated with adherence and CCR was then examined by quantitative PCR. When bacteria were grown in MB and Brain Heart Infusion with NaHCO3 (BHIN) plus lactose, pH was reduced to 5.5–5.9 and there was a significant decrease in expression of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) genes eae, tir, espD, grlA/R and ler, and an increase in cya (cAMP), and two negative regulators of the LEE, gadE and hfq. Putative virulence genes stcE, hlyA, ent and nleA were also decreased in vitro. Reversal of these changes was noted for bacteria recovered from the intestine, where transcripts for qseF and fis and putative virulence factors AidA15, TerC and Ent/EspL2 were significantly increased, and transcripts for AIDA48, Iha, UreC, Efa1A, Efa1B, ToxB, EhxA, StcE, NleA and NleB were expressed at high levels. Conclusions/Significance Presence of lactose resulted in decreased expression of LEE genes and the failure of EHEC O157:H7 to adhere to epithelial cells in vitro but this repression was overcome in vivo. CCR and/or acidic pH may have played a role in repression of the LEE genes. Bacterial pathogens need to integrate their nutritional metabolism with expression of virulence genes but little is known of how this is done in E. coli O157:H7. This study indicates one aspect of the subject that should be investigated further.
Understanding Criminal Behaviour: Psychosocial Approaches to Criminality

This book is an attempt to invigorate criminological thought by presenting the case for the proper integration of psychological theorising within mainstream criminological theory. Our understanding of criminal behaviour and its causes has been too long damaged by the failure to fully integrate the emotional, psychological, social and cultural influences on people’s behaviour. This book is therefore proposing a psychosocial model of approaching understandings of criminal behaviour. As it developed during the latter half of the 20th century, criminology became a discipline that was dominated by sociological thinking that has emphasised socially structured inequalities as the chief causes of crime. The rejection of the psychological dimension was part of this political viewpoint. Meanwhile, much academic psychology did little to construct dialogue. Psychology’s focus on the individual appeared to consist of a circular exercise of blaming the criminal for their own criminal propensities. Few psychologists engaged with criminological theory, and the discipline of psychology was dominated by methodological concern to mimic the success of the natural sciences and study people using experimental methods. Questions about the messy lives of those who end up on the wrong side of the law, and how they got there, do not lend themselves well to the methods of experiment and the laboratory. This schism is no longer tenable. Criminology without the tools to grasp the significance of the internal and emotional worlds of individuals has reached a dead end. In contemporary social conditions understanding the way that individuals construct their selves and moralities have become ever more pressing. To understand the impact of social structure on people’s lives we often have to understand the relationships that they have with others and the histories of those relationships. This book is proposing a model for understanding criminal behaviour in terms of a better understanding of the link between emotions, morality and culture. It will be argued that crime can often be viewed as emerging from disordered social relationships. In order to understand the roots of those disorders we need to be able to explore the emotional worlds of those individuals and how morality, crime and violence are hewn from feelings of anger shame and guilt that develop in relation to others.
Pictorial transcripts: multimedia processing applied to digital library creation

This paper describes a working system for the automated archiving and selective retrieval of textual, pictorial and auditory information contained in video programs. Video processing performs the task of representing the visual information using a small subset of the video frames. Linguistic processing refines the closed caption text, generates table of contents, and creates links to relevant multimedia documents. Audio and video information are compressed and indexed based on their temporal association with the selected video frames and processed text. The derived information is used to automatically generate a hypermedia rendition of the program contents. This provides a compact representation of the information contained in the video program. It also serves as a textual and pictorial index for selective retrieval of the full-motion video program. This fully automatic system generates HyperText Markup Language (HTML) renditions of television programs, and makes them available for access over the Internet within seconds of their broadcast. This digital library currently contains over 2200 hours of television programs.
Density-Dependent and Density-Independent Mortality of the Western Corn Rootworm: Impact on Dose Calculations of Rootworm-Resistant Bt Corn

ABSTRACT The percentage of viable eggs of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, which survived to the adult stage was evaluated for the effect of egg density in 2005 and 2007 in central Missouri. In 2005, each plot was 2.44 by 3.05 m and contained 64 maize (corn), Zea mays L. , plants. In 2007, plots were 3.05 by 3.05 m and again contained 64 corn plants. Seven egg densities (2,400, 1,200, 600, 300, 100, 50, and 25 viable eggs per 30.5 cm) were evaluated with four to six replications in each year in a completely randomized design. In 2007 only, an additional row was infested near each plot to evaluate plant damage. In both years, there was no correlation of infestation level and percentage of emergence between infestation levels of 25–600 viable eggs per 30.5 cm, indicating that density-dependent mortality did not occur at these egg densities. In 2005, 8.04% of the viable eggs established on a corn plant and produced an adult at these lower infestation rates. In 2007, this value was 2.9%. Regardless of egg density, ≈92–97% failed to establish and produce adults (density-independent mortality). In 2005 and in the combined analysis, as viable egg densities increased from 600 to 2400 per 30.5 cm there was a significant decrease in percentage of emergence. In a broken line analysis of the 2005 data, the point where density-dependent mortality began in the combined analysis was 851 eggs per 30.5 cm with a 95% confidence interval from 678 to 1024. That year density-dependent mortality was important at high infestations and killed 54.4% of those larvae that successfully established on a plant at the highest egg density. However, little or no density-dependent mortality occurred at infestation levels <850 viable eggs per 30.5 cm in either year of the study. Combining data from both years with all previously published data in a broken line analysis indicated that density-dependent mortality began at ≈800 viable eggs per 30.5 cm. These data are discussed in terms of dose calculations for products targeting the western corn rootworm.
The Effect of E-WOM Presentation Order on Consumer Attitude: The Moderating Role of E-WOM Sources

Internet, as a new channel of WOM, enables consumers to get multiply WOM messages. However, there is a very real consumer situation that consumers may receive opposite messages (positive-negative) from the same sources. According to tie strength, this paper divides e-WOM sources into strong tie sources and weak tie sources, examining how e-WOM sources moderate the influence of e-WOM presentation order on consumer attitude. The results of empirical study show that when opposite e-WOM messages from strong ties, consumers will be more influenced by the later e-WOM message. Hence, consumer attitude will be more positive in negative-positive e-WOM order than positive-negative order. However, when consumers receive opposite e-WOM messages from weak ties, consumer attitude will be more influenced by negative e-WOM instead of e-WOM presentation order. That is, no matter e-WOM presentation order maybe, it will lead to negative attitude of consumers.
Mitochondrial transplantation attenuates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

Hypoxia triggers pulmonary vasoconstriction, however induces relaxation of systemic arteries such as femoral arteries. Mitochondria are functionally and structurally heterogeneous between different cell types. The aim of this study was to reveal whether mitochondrial heterogeneity controls the distinct responses of pulmonary versus systemic artery smooth muscle cells to hypoxia. Intact mitochondria were transplanted into Sprague-Dawley rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in culture and pulmonary arteries in vitro. Mitochondria retained functional after transplantation. The cross transplantation of mitochondria between pulmonary and femoral artery smooth muscle cells reversed acute hypoxia-induced alterations in cell membrane potential, [Ca2+]i signaling in smooth muscle cells and constriction or relaxation of arteries. Furthermore, the high or low amount of reactive oxygen species generation from mitochondria and their divergent (dis-)abilities in activating extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor in smooth muscle cells were found to cause cell membrane potential depolarization, [Ca2+]i elevation and constriction of pulmonary arteries versus cell membrane potential hyperpolarization, [Ca2+]i decline and relaxation of femoral arteries in response to hypoxia, respectively. Our findings suggest that mitochondria necessarily determine the behaviors of vascular smooth muscle cells in response to hypoxia.
Coaching Psychology Manual

Prepare for Wellcoaches certification and your career as a health and wellness coach with Coaching Psychology Manual, 2e. Now in full color and, examples, and real-life scenarios, this comprehensive guide covers techniques and concepts for supporting clients in changing the behaviors and mindsets needed to thrive in all areas of wellness, including fitness, nutrition, weight, mind/body, stress, and management of life issues that impact well-being. *Reviewed by the American College of Sports Medicine, the gold standard in credentialing health and fitness professionals, exercise and weight guidelines, sports medicine, ensures quality, currency, and accuracy. *Examples of coaching dialogs, specific to the skills discussed offer additional insights and perspectives on effective coaching practices. *Important! boxes draw attention to must-know information for facilitating productive and powerful client sessions. *Don't forget.boxes highlight critical points to keep in mind while building relationships with clients. *Review and discussion topics give you a chance to practice chapter concepts.A bonus companion website
Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures Vol. X, No. X, Month 200x Generating Visualizations of Enterprise Architectures Using Model Transformations Generating Visualizations of Enterprise Architectures Using Model Transformations

Giving account to the importance of enterprise architecture (EA) modeling, we identify issues in visualization handling that we came across during an extensive survey of existing tools for EA management. We then point to the fundamental principles of software cartography, an approach for EA modeling, including a method for the automatic creation of visualizations based on EA models. This approach is based on model transformations, which link the data to be visualized and their graphical representation, thereby circumventing the error-prone and time-consuming task of manual creation of the visual models. A brief overview of a prototypic implementation of this approach illustrates the practical applicability for visual modeling and documenting EA. 1 Motivation With the growing importance of enterprise architecture (EA) management currently experienced in research [LaWe04] and in practice [Jame05], methods for documenting, evaluating, and planning the application landscape as part of the EA management gain increasing attention. This is reflected by various approaches, which try to establish and standardize languages for modelling the EA, furthermore complemented by a number of vendors claiming the emerging market of EA management tools. Nevertheless, many of these tools show common weaknesses, especially regarding the approach used for creating visualizations of the EA or the application landscape, as we found out during an extensive survey [sebi05] conducted by sebis. Such visualizations, used for documenting, evaluating, and planning the application landscape make up the focus of the research project Software Cartography, which this paper originates from. In this project, we discovered a large number of different visualizations for application landscapes, which we refer to as software maps. An exemplary software map used at one of our project partners is given in Figure 1. The figure is made illegible due to the fact that it contains confidential information. Nevertheless, the figure shows the inherent complexity an approach for generating visualizations of enterprise architectures has to cope with. The software map originates from an insurance company and visualizes about 160 application systems hosted at the headquarter, which are used worldwide. The original map is commonly used in printout in DIN A0, within presentations, and is available in the corporate intranet. In order to discuss the requirements an approach for generating visualizations of EAs must satisfy, an anonymized software map similar to the one of the insurance company is shown in Figure 2. This visualization shows organizational units of a fictitious department store as rectangles, nesting the business …
Syntactic Persistence Within and Across Languages in English and Korean L1 and L2 Speakers

During the production of language, speakers tend to use the same structural patterns from one utterance to the next if it is possible to do so. For example, if a speaker uses a passive or dative construction, he/she is relatively more likely to use the same construction again in the next utterance (e.g., Bock, 1986; Bock & Loebell, 1990; Hartsuiker & Kolk, 1998): the sentence structure “persists”. The current study investigates syntactic persistence in first and second language speakers of English and Korean using within-language primes (Experiments 1A, 1B, and 2) and across-language primes (Experiment 3). The target structures were transitive alternate structures (active and passive) and dative alternate structures (double object dative/DAT-ACC dative and prepositional dative/ACC-DAT dative). The experimental paradigm involved repetition of an auditory stimulus, followed by picture description. Overall, syntactic priming effects were found, although various magnitudes were observed as a function of structure; strong effects were found for “shared” syntactic constructions across languages (e.g., active vs. passive) and weak priming effects were found for syntactic constructions not shared (e.g., double object dative vs. prepositional dative) between English and Korean. Other asymmetrical priming effects were observed, reflecting differences between Korean and English such that reliable priming effects were found from L1 to L2, but not from L2 to L1 for Korean-as-L2 speakers (English-as-L1) These patterns of asymmetrical priming imply that cross-linguistic differences might interfere with syntactic persistence in production process unless speakers are highly advanced proficient bilinguals. Also, the present study showed that syntactic priming
Child psychopathology and oxidative stress in newly diagnosed children with epilepsy

Abstract Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that epilepsy is mediated by oxidative stress, studies about psychopathology in children indicates that children with epilepsy are at increased risk for psychopathology, including internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. The aim of the work is to study the child psychopathology and the level of oxidative stress in newly diagnosed children with epilepsy. Eighty-four newly diagnosed children with epilepsy with their ages ranging from 4 yr to 17 yr (mean 8.62 ± 3.79 yr) and 42 age and sex matched healthy control children were recruited. All cases are subject to full neurologic assessment, child behavioral checklist, and measurement of the levels of oxidative stress enzymes. Anxiety withdrawal, psychotic behavior and motor excess hyperactivity are statistically significantlty more in children with newly diagnosed epilepsy (P < 0.05). There were high level of malondialdehyde and nitrite while the level of both glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were low for newly diagnosed children with epilepsy versus control (P = 0.000). The state of imbalance of oxidative stress enzymes has important role in seizure development and also associated psychopathology. Long-term follow up studies are needed for child psychopathology and oxidative stress in epileptic children.