Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic abstraction of programs : towards performance-driven development

Distributed computer systems are becoming increasingly prevalent, thanks to modern technology, and this leads to significant challenges for the software developers of these systems. In particular, in order to provide a certain service level agreement with users, the performance characteristics of the system are critical. However, developers today typically consider performance only in the later stages of development, when it may be too late to make major changes to the design. In this thesis, we propose a performancedriven approach to development — based around tool support that allows developers to use performance modelling techniques, while still working at the level of program code. There are two central themes to the thesis. The first is to automatically relate performance models to program code. We define the Simple Imperative Remote Invocation Language (S), and provide a probabilistic semantics that interprets a program as a Markov chain. To make such an interpretation both computable and efficient, we develop an abstract interpretation of the semantics, from which we can derive a Performance Evaluation Process Algebra (PEPA) model of the system. This is based around abstracting the domain of variables to truncated multivariate normal measures. The second theme of the thesis is to analyse large performance models by means of compositional abstraction. We use two abstraction techniques based on aggregation of states — abstract Markov chains, and stochastic bounds — and apply both of them compositionally to PEPA models. This allows us to model check properties in the three-valued Continuous Stochastic Logic (CSL), on abstracted models. We have implemented an extension to the Eclipse plug-in for PEPA, which provides a graphical interface for specifying which states in the model to aggregate, and for performing the model checking.
Asymmetric regression models with limited responses with an application to antibody response to vaccine

We develop regression models for limited and censored data based on the mixture between the log‐power‐normal and Bernoulli‐type distributions. A likelihood‐based approach is implemented for parameter estimation and a small‐scale simulation study is conducted to evaluate parameter recovery, with emphasis on bias estimation. The main conclusion is that the approach is very much satisfactory for moderate and large sample sizes. A real data example, the safety and immunogenecity study of measles vaccine in Haiti, is presented to illustrate how different models can be used to fit this type of data. As shown, the asymmetric models considered seem to present the best fit for the data set under study, revealing significance of the explanatory variable sex, which is not found significant with the log‐normal model.
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Herpesvirus Expresses a Related Pair of Unique Nuclear Proteins Which Are Encoded by Split Genes Located at the Right End of the UL Genome Region

ABSTRACT Avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) possesses an alphaherpesvirus type D DNA genome of ca. 155 kbp. Completion of our previous sequence analyses (W. Fuchs and T. C. Mettenleiter, J. Gen. Virol. 77:2221–2229, 1996) of the right end of the unique long (UL) genome region revealed the presence of two adjacent, presumably ILTV-specific genes, which were named UL0 and UL[−1] because of their location upstream of the conserved UL1 (glycoprotein L) gene. Transcriptional analyses showed that both genes are abundantly expressed during the late phase of the viral replication cycle and that both mRNAs are spliced by the removal of short introns close to their 5′ ends. Furthermore, the deduced gene products exhibit a moderate but significant homology of 28% to each other. The newly identified ILTV genes encode proteins of 63 kDa (UL0) and 73 kDa (UL[−1]), which both are predominantly localized in the nuclei of virus infected chicken cells. In summary, our results indicate that duplication of a spliced ILTV-specific gene encoding a nuclear protein has occurred during evolution of ILTV.
A contribution to the chemistry of proteids

I. IN a recent paper' we showed that the colour reaction of proteids described by Adamkiewicz is obtained only when glyoxylic acid is present in the acetic acid employed. From the observations described in the paper referred to it follows that the Adamkiewicz reaction is in no sense a furfurol reaction, and therefore that there is no evidence for the current conception of its dependence upon carbohydrate aroups in the proteid molecule. It becomes of interest therefore to know the nature of the molecular groups actually responsible for the colour reaction2. That such groups are present intact in some substance or substances to be found among the simpler products of proteid hydrolysis, is suggested by the fact that a glyoxylic reaction may be obtained during the progress of an acid hydrolysis long after the biuret reaction ceases to be given. It may also be displayed with great intensity after the influence of strong trypsin has reduced the biuret-yielding substances to a minimumn. The reaction, too, may be obtained in acid alcohol extracts from the products of tryptic digestion which show no biuret reaction whatever. We endeavoured therefore to separate suich a substance from the products of proteolysis, and have finally succeeded in preparing a beautifully
Expression of P-selectin (CD62P) on platelets after thrombin and ADP in hypotrophic and healthy, full-term newborns

Abstract Background: Hypotrophic newborns in comparison with eutrophic newborns demonstrate a reduced blood platelet count and therefore may have haemostasis disorders. Expression of P-selectin (CD62P) on the surface of platelets is a marker of stimulated, activated blood platelets. The ability of platelets to react can be determined after the addition of the following activators: strong (thrombin) and weak (ADP). Materials and methods: We studied 48 hypotrophic newborns, 25 females and 23 males, weighing less than the 10th centile and 55 healthy, full-term newborns, 25 females and 30 males. Expression of CD62P on the surface of platelets was examined in the native state, after the addition of thrombin or ADP. Results: Hypotrophic newborns exhibited almost double the percentage of platelets expressing CD62P compared with the control group, 4.21% versus 2.88%. After the addition of thrombin, the percentage was 31.5% versus 12.5%, p < 0.001, whereas after the addition of ADP, the percentage was 9.54% versus 4.5%, p = 0.002. Conclusions: Hypotrophic newborns are capable of greater platelet activation in comparison with healthy term newborns. However, gender does not affect the expression of P-selectin.
ON#x002F;OFF Reporting Mechanism for Robust Cooperative Sensing in Cognitive IoT Networks

In this paper, we propose an ON#x002F;OFF reporting mechanism for cooperative sensing of cognitive radio so that reporting overhead from secondary sensing users to a fusion center can be significantly reduced. The significant reduction in reporting overhead of ON#x002F;OFF reporting contributes to power saving, which in turn realizes robust reporting to fusion center by overcoming channel fading. Furthermore, ON#x002F;OFF reporting enables graceful degradation when sensing nodes fail during operation. Instead of using AND rule, we propose an iNOR rule that can achieve O(1) reporting overhead in total, irrespective of the number of sensing nodes. The asymptotic overhead value is given by P(H1)log(1#x002F;Pd), where P(H1) is the probability of primary user's presence and Pd is the target detection probability. We also show that OR rule has its asymptotically negligible reporting overhead given by P(H1)log(1#x002F;(1-Pd)). Simulation results show that with the proposed technique fusion center can make a reliable decision to avoid harmful interference to primary user.
Portfolio Management: Stock Ranking by Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods

An investor would like to build a balanced portfolio with stocks representing different sectors. Several researchers have attempted the portfolio selection problem by different methods. Many of these methods consider companies of different sectors together. However, it can be argued that the attributes affecting the company’s growth vary for different sectors. Therefore, it is advisable to compare a company with the companies of the same sector. There are many options for the selection of a stock from a particular sector. A stock ranking method is proposed by using MADM methods based on overall performance under a stochastic environment. Of many MADM methods, SAW, AHP, TOPSIS, and VIKOR are applied. Usually, Euclidean distances (2-norm) are considered in the implementation of TOPSIS and VIKOR methods. In this work, this norm is generalized to p-norm, where p > 1. The model is tested for 13 companies in the field of Information Technology sector (IT) listed on National Stock Exchange in India and 13 criteria as performance indicators of a company. A MATLAB GUI system is developed and the results are obtained for several values of p in case of TOPSIS and VIKOR methods besides other methods. As the result indicates, the ordering is not much affected by different values of p in certain range. Moreover, higher values of p have adverse effect on the ordering. The proposed model is able to provide better information on the overall performance of a particular stock in comparison with its peers. The results obtained by various methods clearly separate good companies from inferior companies though the exact ordering slightly differs.
Evaluation of a screening test for detecting urinary tract infection in newborns and infants

The results of a study of a screening test for urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants under 18 months is reported. Two hundred and forty three urine specimens were tested in the laboratory using AMES Multistix 8SG reagent strips read by photometer. The strips included three potential markers for urinary tract infection: leucocyte esterase, nitrite, and protein. The predictive value of a positive result (PPV) was low. The predictive value of negative test (NPV) when combining the screen of leucocyte esterase, nitrite, and protein was 99 4% with no difference be-tween boys and girls. The test for leucocyte esterase had a 97-6% negative predictive value. An examination of the results by age confirms the good NPV in all age groups.
Mining community in social network using call detail records

With the popularity of mobile devices and wireless technologies, mobile social network systems are increasingly available. In this paper we propose a new algorithm called Community Detection algorithm for mining interesting communities or groups in a Campus Mobile Social Network (CMSN). The proposal algorithm is composed of two main components, an algorithm for community partition and an algorithm for selecting small communities to combine into a big community. Empirical studies on a campus mobile social network show that performance of the proposal algorithm is better than the state-of-the-art Newman Clustering algorithm for mining community in CMSN.
Atrial and Brain Natriuretic Peptides of Secretory Cardiomyocytes in Salt Loading in Experiment

М. V. Galkina, PhD, Senior Researcher, Electron Microscopy Unit, Central Scientific Research Laboratory; L.B. Snopova, DSc, Associate Professor, Head of Morphology Department, Central Scientific Research Laboratory; N.N. Prodanets, PhD, Senior Researcher, Morphology Department, Central Scientific Research Laboratory; R.D. Lapshin, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of Experimental Modeling Department, Central Scientific Research Laboratory; I.I. Belousova, PhD, Researcher, Experimental Modeling Department, Central Scientific Research Laboratory; D.A. Abrosimov, Tutor, Department of Histology with Cytology and Embryology; М. L. Bugrova, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of Electron Microscopy Unit, Central Scientific Research Laboratory
Chironomid Midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) Show Extremely Small Genome Sizes

Chironomid midges (Diptera; Chironomidae) are found in various environments from the high Arctic to the Antarctic, including temperate and tropical regions. In many freshwater habitats, members of this family are among the most abundant invertebrates. In the present study, the genome sizes of 25 chironomid species were determined by flow cytometry and the resulting C-values ranged from 0.07 to 0.20 pg DNA (i.e. from about 68 to 195 Mbp). These genome sizes were uniformly very small and included, to our knowledge, the smallest genome sizes recorded to date among insects. Small proportion of transposable elements and short intron sizes were suggested to contribute to the reduction of genome sizes in chironomids. We discuss about the possible developmental and physiological advantages of having a small genome size and about putative implications for the ecological success of the family Chironomidae.
Simultaneous 3D Assessment of Glenohumeral Shape, Humeral Head Centering, and Scapular Positioning in Atraumatic Shoulder Instability

Background Success rates in the treatment of atraumatic shoulder instability differ, and in vivo identification of the individual insufficient stabilizers is difficult. Hypothesis Atraumatic shoulder instability is an inhomogeneous entity with varying alterations of the active and passive stabilizers. This might be a reason for inferior treatment results. Study Design Case control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Shoulders of 28 healthy volunteers and both shoulders of 14 patients with atraumatic instability and multidirectional laxity were examined in different arm positions using open magnetic resonance imaging. Three-dimensional postprocessing techniques were applied to determine 3D glenoid size and retroversion, radius of the humeral head, and curvature of the glenoid. The results of static stabilizers were compared with those of glenohumeral and scapular positioning in the same patients for identification of the individual insufficient stabilizers. Results The atraumatic unstable shoulders showed an increased mean retroversion on both sides, the difference being significant on the affected side (9.4° ± 4.8° vs healthy 3.9° ± 1.3°; P < .05) with a range of 2.6° to 16.6°. The curvature analysis demonstrated a pronounced flatness of the glenoid with a significantly increased mean radius (103.8 mm vs healthy 41.7 mm). The extent of these changes varied widely among patients. Comparison of the static stabilizers with glenohumeral and scapular positioning revealed that isolated changes of the active stabilizers exist in some patients, whereas no isolated changes of passive stabilizers were found. Conclusion All active and passive stabilizers need to be analyzed in patients with atraumatic instability because the magnitude of alteration varied widely among individuals. Different combinations of alterations of the stabilizers were found. The presented technique allows for in vivo identification of the specific alterations. This is necessary for a better understanding of individual pathomechanics and for initiating a specific causal treatment.
The Diagnostic Value of Detecting Coronary Calcification

Coronary calcification is intimal in site and occurs in advanced atheromatous lesions. Its identification during life by using image intensification and-cinefluoroscopy can prove valuable in middle age in demonstrating atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. This cannot, of course, be equated with ischemic heart disease, but the presence of coronary calcification does mean that atypical symptoms are more likely than not to be due to myocardial ischemia, particularly in young adults. A number of reportsl-5 indicate that, with correct positioning of the patient and with attention to fluoroscopic technic, coronary calcification is not difficult to detect. The radiologic technic has the virtues of being quick to conduct, having a minimal radiation hazard, and being available in most hospitals and large clinics. Closed circuit television fluoroscopy is essential for detecting early coronary calcification, as by this technic the contrast level of the image can be varied to allow minute calcified flicks to be seen. Fluoroscopy is performed in the posteroanterior position (with a 100 turn to the left), the beam is coned to a 5 by 5-cm size, and it is localized over the left border of the heart below the pulmonary artery. Rotation of the subject to the left oblique position allows the anterior descending and circumflex branches to be seen, and it must be emphasized that the same strict coning of the beam must be used if the telltale movement of the calcified vessel is to be recognized. There are technical difficulties in detecting all calcified lesions, since lesions smaller than 0.3 cm in diameter cannot be seen,5 and obesity or a thick chest wall reduces fluoroscopic definition. In persons under the age of 55 years, calcification in a coronary artery is three times more common in men with known ischemic heart disease and five times more common in
Numerical Simulation of Reinforced Concrete Deterioration—Part 1: Chloride Diffusion

The deterioration of the U.S. highway infrastructure is a major concern today. In particular, the deterioration of concrete bridge decks caused by chloride-induced corrosion of the reinforcing steel is progressing rapidly. If left unchecked, reinforcing steel corrosion can lead to service, financial, and safety problems for concrete bridges. While much experimental and field work has been performed to study bridge deck deterioration and determine solutions, little work has been done to apply a rigorous and comprehensive mechanics-based investigation to the deterioration process. The deterioration process contains three basic components: chloride diffusion, electrochemical corrosion, and concrete fracture. This paper describes the first process. It is shown that commercial codes can be used to provide a rigorous framework for chloride diffusion in terms of various parameters.
Current-in-Plane Giant Magnetoresistance Sensor Using a Thin Cu Spacer and Dual Nano-Oxide Layers With a  ${\rm DR}$ Greater Than  $20$ Ohms/sq.

The magnetoresistance (MR) of the current-in-plane spin-valve, which is currently utilized as the readback sensor in the majority of hard disk drives, has reached a maximum MR of DR/Rmin. ~20% and DRsheet~4 Omega/sq. A new sensor film stack will be introduced here that utilizes a trilayer (CoFe\Cu\CoFe) where the Cu interlayer is very thin (~10 Aring) to enhance the MR and where the Cu thickness is chosen such that the ferromagnetic Neel coupling and the antiferromagnetic Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) coupling between the CoFe layers partially cancel one another, to maximize the sensitivity. By changing the Cu interlayer thickness, the overall interlayer coupling was adjusted from about -0.05 erg/cm2 to -0.4 erg/cm2 while keeping the MR large. Nano-oxide layers (NOLs) are also incorporated below and above the trilayer sensor to enhance the MR. An example of this sensor is NiFeCr 20 Aring/CoFeO 10 Aring/CoFe 15 Aring/Cu 10.5 Aring/CoFe 15 Aring/AlO 30 Aring and will be referred to as CIP-3L. With the combination of the thin Cu spacer, the NOLs and minimal additional layers to shunt the current around the trilayer sensor (no antiferromagnetic material and no pinned layers), as deposited sheet films with an MR of DR/R >25% and DR/sq. >20 Omega/sq. were achieved. This paper shows the optimization of the sensor stack, such as film thicknesses, NOL material, and oxidation process, the adjustability of the interlayer exchange coupling between the CoFe layers and also shows the repeatability of the sensor deposition
Reduction in x-ray scatter and radiation dose for volume-of-interest (VOI) cone-beam breast CT—a phantom study

With volume-of-interest (VOI) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging, one set of projection images are acquired with the VOI collimator at a regular or high exposure level and the second set of projection images are acquired without the collimator at a reduced exposure level. The high exposure VOI scan data inside the VOI and the low exposure full-field scan data outside the VOI are then combined together to generate composite projection images for image reconstruction. To investigate and quantify scatter reduction, dose saving and image quality improvement in VOI CBCT imaging, a flat panel detector-based bench-top experimental CBCT system was built to measure the dose, the scatter-to-primary ratio (SPR), the image contrast, noise level, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and the figure of merit (FOM) in the CBCT reconstructed images for two polycarbonate cylinders simulating the small and the large phantoms. The results showed that, compared to the full field CBCT technique, radiation doses for the VOI CBCT technique were reduced by a factor of 1.20 and 1.36 for the small and the large phantoms at the phantom center, respectively, and from 2.7 to 3.0 on the edge of the phantom, respectively. Inside the VOI, the SPRs were substantially reduced by a factor of 6.6 and 10.3 for the small and the large phantoms, the contrast signals were improved by a factor of 1.35 and 1.8, and the noise levels were increased by a factor of 1.27 and 1.6, respectively. As a result, the CNRs were improved by a factor of 1.06 and 1.13 for the small and the large phantoms and the FOM improved by a factor of 1.4 and 1.7, respectively.