Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The sources of gains to M%A in the automotive supply industry: testing collusion versus efficiency theory

In this paper, we examine the wealth effects of horizontal mergers and acquisitions in the automotive supply industry. In order to test the theoretical implications of the competing efficiency and collusion theories, we investigate the cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) induced by M%A announcements on acquiring companies as well as their respective rivals and suppliers. Based on a sample of 205 takeovers, we find that mergers and acquisitions entail positive CAR on acquirers, but lead to negative share price reactions for customers as well as rivals. This result stands in clear contrast to recent studies that are dedicated to the upstream and horizontal effects of takeovers and speaks in favour of the efficiency theory of M%A activity rather than the collusion theory.
DELAYED POSTPARTUM FETOTOMY IN AN ASIAN ELEPHANT (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS)

Abstract: A 37-yr-old Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) started parturition after 640 days of pregnancy but no fetal parts entered the birth canal. Despite veterinary intervention, the calf was not delivered. After 13 mo calving resumed and a full-term dead calf advanced into and lodged within the vagina. With standing xylazine tranquilization, the dam received a vagino-vestibulotomy to permit total fetotomy of the calf, which presented with bilateral carpal arthrogryposis. Severe infection of the caudal vaginal vestibulum complicated wound healing, and over the following year two corrective surgeries were performed, which resolved the fistula 3 mo after the second debridement. The elephant not only survived the procedures but also resumed normal estrous cycles, as demonstrated by blood progesterone concentration monitoring.
Pakistan needs to speed up its human immunodeficiency virus control strategy to achieve targets in fast-track acquired immune deficiency syndrome response

In last fifteen years remarkable success in the fight against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is achieved globally. The number of HIV infections has decreased and the number of people on antiretroviral therapy is increased. This all is possible by strong political commitments and heavy investments in the fight against HIV. Pakistan is among few Asian countries in which HIV cases are increasing year by year since 1990. There are 94000 cases of HIV in Pakistan and only 14000 are registered with government. The main source of HIV infection in Pakistan is the use of contaminated injection equipment among people who inject drugs (PWID). The overall prevalence of HIV among PWID in Pakistan is 27.2%. There are five cities in Pakistan in which HIV prevalence is above 40% in PWIDs. In June 2016, United Nations political declaration on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) provided a global mandate to fast-track the AIDS response over the next five years to achieve the targets in Sustainable Development Goals. To achieve the targets in fast-track AIDS response, the global leaders showed strong commitments to invest $ 26 billion per year by 2020. Pakistan needs to speed up its HIV control program. There is a dire need to locate all HIV positive people and enroll them in the treatment program. Pakistan also needs to calculate exact number of people living with HIV, increase HIV treatment centers and increase HIV awareness. Recently, Global Fund invested handsome money in the fight against HIV. Let’s hope the country will have effective HIV control strategy to achieve the HIV elimination target by 2030.
Disability and Skill Mismatch

This paper integrates two strands of literature on overskilling and disability using the 2004 British Workplace Employment Relations Survey (WERS). It finds that the disabled are significantly more likely to be mismatched in the labour market, to suffer from a pay penalty and to have lower job satisfaction, the effects being stronger for the work-limited disabled. Giving workers more discretion over how they perform their work would significantly reduce these negative effects.
Some anthropometric characteristics of the National Junior Hammer Squad.

0.4 1.0 0.8 Although the mean values indicate the younger British squad to be slightly taller, lighter and fatter, their ranges, in fact, span the mean American values for each parameter. The throwers, with a mean 16.0% body fat, are the same order of fatness as non-athletic males, reported by Fox and Mathews (1981) to be 16.8%, although Parizkova (1977) found a mean value of 12% for the 20-30 year-old age range. The hammer throwers are slightly fatter than the elite discus throwers and shot putters measured by Morrow et al (1982), and considerably fatter than javelin throwers, (8.5%, Morrow et al, 1982) and track athletes (6.3-7.5%, Fox and Mathews, 1981). Winter and Hamley (1976) found a value of 7.4% ± 2.5 for middle and long distance runners.
Price transmission between stocks of European countries and their American depositary receipts

Previous studies show that the price transmission between foreign stocks and their American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) relies not only on current but also on past information such as individual stock returns, market returns and changes in exchange rates. In addition to these factors, this study investigates whether changes in trading volume and macro events affect the price transmission between European stocks and their ADRs. The results show that changes in domestic volume of several European countries on the same calendar day do affect subsequent ADR returns, implying that volume contains incremental information not in prices. We also find that the announcements of several EU agreements have significant impacts on the price transmission between UK domestic stocks and their ADRs, but not on that of other European countries. Since UK does not use the euro currency, investors may expect changes in future UK pound value and thus revalue stock prices.
Law and Economics and Tort Litigation Institutions: Theory and Experiments

In tort litigation, delayed settlement or impasse imposes high costs on the parties and society. Litigation institutions might influence social welfare by affecting the likelihood of out-of-court settlement and the potential injurers’ investment in product safety. An appropriate design of litigation institutions and tort reform requires good knowledge of the factors that affect litigants’ behavior. The combination of theoretical and experimental law and economics, which represents the cornerstone of the application of the scientific method, might enhance our understanding of the effects of litigation institutions and tort reform on settlement and deterrence. We evaluate the interaction between theoretical and experimental law and economics in the study of tort litigation institutions. Special attention is devoted to liability, litigation and tort reform institutions, and behavioral factors that might affect impasse. Our analysis suggests a productive interaction between theoretical and experimental law and economics. In particular, findings from experimental economics work on litigation institutions indicate the presence and robustness of cognitive biases, and provide evidence of the effects of litigants’ biased beliefs on the likelihood of impasse. These findings have motivated the construction of new economic models of litigation involving more empirically-relevant assumptions about litigants’ beliefs. As a result of the application of the scientific method, the contributions of law and economics to the design of legal institutions might be strengthened.
HAPLOIDENTICAL HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN CHILD HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES WITH G-CSF-MOBILIZED MARROW GRAFTS WITHOUT T-CELL DEPLETION: A Single-Center Report of 45 Cases

In this report, the authors describe a protocol for haploidentical bone marrow transplantation in children who received G-CSF-mobilized bone marrow grafts without T-cell depletion from HLA-mismatched parents. Forty-two of 45 patients achieved complete donor hematopoietic engraftment; the medium time for neutrophil and platelet recovery was 17 and 19 days, respectively. Three died of early transplantation-associated complications; other causes of death included relapse (11 cases), fungal pneumonia (5), and acute graft-versus-host disease (2). The total disease-free survival rate longer than 2 years was 53.3%. These data suggest that haploidentical hematopoietic transplantation is an alterative strategy for children who lack immediate access to HLA-matched sources.
Discriminative graph-based dimensionality reduction for hyperspectral image classification

A novel discriminative graph-based dimensionality reduction (DGDR) model is proposed for HSI dimensionality reduction and classification. The core idea of the proposed method is to search for a projection function by minimizing the similarity term that contains the relation of within-class scatter and maximizing the dissimilarity term that contains the relation of between-class distance. The proposed method pulls close together samples being similar while pushing those dissimilar samples apart in the projected latent space. The edges of the graphs are measured by kernel. Furthermore, the multiscale DGDR (MS-DGDR) is introduced to utilize the capability of similarity measure of different scales of kernel and avoid finding the optimal scale simultaneously. Experiments are conducted on a real HSI. The corresponding results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for HSI both in improving classification accuracy with the same and fixed feature dimensionality and feature dimensionality reduction with the same requirement of classification accuracy, compared with several state-of-the-art dimensionality reduction algorithms.
Dilemmas educators are facing in implementing the inclusive training programme

The inclusive education model was explained in a South African perspective with, reference made to race, class, and gender. This was in line with the past experiences that emerged in our country. Separate learning opportunities were introduced. This was seen as discrimination against those with disabilities, who have been labeled as having learning barriers and placed in special settings. Engelbrecht and Green (2001) indicated that South African education was moving away from a special education towards a policy of inclusion. This was reflected in the National Education policy development since 1994, and was strongly supported by parent bodies such as the Disability Desk of the Office of the Deputy State President, the Disability Movement, the new South African School Act, as well as the policy on Outcome Based Education and Curriculum, 2005. As inclusive practices were implemented, attitudinal barriers, especially among teachers, have been explored. The primary findings were that teachers agreed in principle with the goals of inclusion, but many felt unprepared to work in inclusive settings (Matsropieri and Scruggs, 2000). Engelbrecht (1999) was of the opinion that teachers may need to be trained on how to identify and address special educational needs, as well as developing a critical understanding of common stereotypes and prejudices related to disability, and reflect on how these have influenced their own attitudes. If all the above can be achieved, teachers could be in a position to work as change agents who can influence the attitudes of the school community towards learners with disabilities. The aim of the study was to explore the dilemmas teachers were faced with in implementing the inclusion programme in mainstream schools around Daveyton, with the intention of determining the extent to which the inclusion programme objectives were implemented. iii
A cellular mechanism for targeting newly synthesized mRNAs to synaptic sites on dendrites

Long-lasting forms of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity involve molecular modifications that require gene expression. Here, we describe a cellular mechanism that mediates the targeting newly synthesized gene transcripts to individual synapses where they are locally translated. The features of this mechanism have been revealed through studies of the intracellular transport and synaptic targeting of the mRNA for a recently identified immediate early gene called activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein Arc. Arc is strongly induced by patterns of synaptic activity that also induce long-term potentiation, and Arc mRNA is then rapidly delivered into dendrites after episodes of neuronal activation. The newly synthesized Arc mRNA localizes selectively at synapses that recently have been activated, and the encoded protein is assembled into the synaptic junctional complex. The dynamics of trafficking of Arc mRNA reveal key features of the mechanism through which synaptic activity can both induce gene expression and target particular mRNA transcripts to the active synapses.
Pattern learning with deep neural networks in EMG-based speech recognition

We report on classification of phones and phonetic features from facial electromyographic (EMG) data, within the context of our EMG-based Silent Speech interface. In this paper we show that a Deep Neural Network can be used to perform this classification task, yielding a significant improvement over conventional Gaussian Mixture models. Our central contribution is the visualization of patterns which are learned by the neural network. With increasing network depth, these patterns represent more and more intricate electromyographic activity.
Marking Pocket States for Bounded On-the-fly Model Checking

Model checking of state transition systems has been proven useful for proving absence of properties. However, model checking is a costly process due to heavy use of resources. Onthe-fly model checking attempts to find counter examples faster. Bounded model checking o ers a state space generation strategy for models of which termination is guaranteed. Combining these two approaches leads to redundant state space exploration during the emptiness check. This redundancy can be reduced by marking pocket states. Practical results however show that this reduced redundancy does not necessarily yield an increase in e ciency.
School Attendance, Child Labour, and Remittances from International Migration in El Salvador

Abstract International migrant remittances can increase household budget and reduce liquidity constraint problems, generating consumption and investment opportunities for recipient households. In particular, remittances can enable investing in children's human capital and reduce child labour, key outcomes from the perspective of growth in a developing country. Using data for El Salvador, this article shows: a) a null or insignificant overall impact of remittances on schooling; b) a strong reduction of child wage labour in remittance-recipient households; and c) an increase in unpaid family work activities for children in those households. Moreover, the evidence shows important differences by gender and age of the child in consideration. While girls seem to indeed increase school attendance upon remittance receipts by reducing labour activities, boys do not benefit on average from higher schooling but some time substitution takes place favouring family work activities over paid jobs. And among secondary school-aged children, the impact of remittance may even be negative for educational prospects. These results suggest the presence of differences in the allocation of resources within the household.
More efficient evolution of small genetic programs in Cartesian Genetic Programming by using genotypie age

Genetic Programming as an automated method to evolve suitable computer programs for a predefined task can also be applied to multi-objective optimization problems. Originally, Genetic Programming uses tree structures for the representation of a computer program, but further development also enabled a graph based representation called Cartesian Genetic Programming. In the last years, Cartesian Genetic Programming has also been applied to multi-objective optimization problems. For example, we use this representation to determine smaller mathematical expressions or image processing filters with a maximum number of operators. Previous research showed that algorithm stagnation is a common issue in Cartesian Genetic Programming. This behavior comes along with a decrease of diversity in the population and increases the computational effort to find a suitable solution. In this paper, we combine the multi-objective search for smaller genetic programs with an efficient diversity preservation technique. A modified version of the popular NSGA-II algorithm is presented to evolve small programs with a lower amount of fitness evaluations and a higher success rate.
Fiber-integrated tungsten disulfide saturable absorber mirrors by magnetron sputtering technique

We report a fiber-integrated tungsten disulfide saturable absorber mirror (WS2-SAM) fabricated by magnetron spurring technique. The WS2-SAM is compact, reliable and suitable for mass production. Based on WS2-SAM, a passively mode locked fiber laser can be achieved with the pulse duration of ~ 1 ns and the average output power of 4.46mW. The fundamental frequency is 396MHz with a single to noise ratio (SNR) of ~ 56 dB. In addition, passively Q-switching operation can also be achieved by employing WS2-SAM in a linear cavity structure. The Q-switched pulse is measured with the pulse energy of 68.5 nJ, and the average power of 25.2mW. When pump power is increased from 20mW to 600mW, the repetition rates is ranged from 29.5 kHz to 367.8 kHz and the pulse duration is ranged from 1.269 μs to 154.9 ns. The results demonstrate that the proposed WS2-SAM is a remarkable saturbale absorber, paying a promising way for practical fiber-integrated optical modulator for pulsed fiber laser technology.
IsoCor: correcting MS data in isotope labeling experiments

UNLABELLED Mass spectrometry (MS) is widely used for isotopic labeling studies of metabolism and other biological processes. Quantitative applications-e.g. metabolic flux analysis-require tools to correct the raw MS data for the contribution of all naturally abundant isotopes. IsoCor is a software that allows such correction to be applied to any chemical species. Hence it can be used to exploit any isotopic tracer, from well-known ((13)C, (15)N, (18)O, etc) to unusual ((57)Fe, (77)Se, etc) isotopes. It also provides new features-e.g. correction for the isotopic purity of the tracer-to improve the accuracy of quantitative isotopic studies, and implements an efficient algorithm to process large datasets. Its user-friendly interface makes isotope labeling experiments more accessible to a wider biological community. AVAILABILITY IsoCor is distributed under OpenSource license at http://metasys.insa-toulouse.fr/software/isocor/
Signal Analysis for ECG Interpretation

Abstract In ECG interpretation usually two main areas are discerned: the signal analysis and the diagnostic classification. This article reviews the major developments in the first area. ECG signal analysis itself is subdivided into the stages data acquisition, data transformation, feature selection, and data reduction. These stages are consecutively reviewed, while in the data transformation stage digital filtering, detection, wave typing, beat selection, and boundary recognition are discussed.
Exact nonreflecting boundary conditions for exterior wave equation problems

We consider the classical wave equation problem defined on the exterior of a bounded 2D space domain, possibly having far field sources. We consider this problem in the time domain, but also in the frequency domain. For its solution we propose to associate with it a boundary integral equation (BIE) defined on an artificial boundary surrounding the region of interest. This boundary condition is nonreflecting (or transparent) for both outgoing and incoming waves and it does not have to include necessarily the problem datum supports. The problem physical domain can even be a multi-domain, defined by the union of several disjoint domains. These domains can be convex or nonconvex. This transparent boundary condition is imposed pointwise on the chosen artificial boundary; therefore, its (space collocation) discretization can be coupled with a (space) finite difference or finite element method for the associated PDE problem. In the time-domain case, a classical (explicit or implicit) time integrator is also used. We present a consistency result for the BIE discretization and a sample of the intensive numerical testing we have performed.
Low complex I content explains the low hydrogen peroxide production rate of heart mitochondria from the long‐lived pigeon, Columba livia

Across a range of vertebrate species, it is known that there is a negative association between maximum lifespan and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production. In this report, we investigate the underlying biochemical basis of the low hydrogen peroxide production rate of heart mitochondria from a long‐lived species (pigeon) compared with a short‐lived species with similar body mass (rat). The difference in hydrogen peroxide efflux rate was not explained by differences in either superoxide dismutase activity or hydrogen peroxide removal capacity. During succinate oxidation, the difference in hydrogen peroxide production rate between the species was localized to the ΔpH‐sensitive superoxide producing site within complex I. Mitochondrial ΔpH was significantly lower in pigeon mitochondria compared with rat, but this difference in ΔpH was not great enough to explain the lower hydrogen peroxide production rate. As judged by mitochondrial flavin mononucleotide content and blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, pigeon mitochondria contained less complex I than rat mitochondria. Recalculation revealed that the rates of hydrogen peroxide production per molecule of complex I were the same in rat and pigeon. We conclude that mitochondria from the long‐lived pigeon display low rates of hydrogen peroxide production because they have low levels of complex I.
Reproducibility of a Multitarget Stool-Based DNA Assay for Colorectal Cancer Detection

OBJECTIVES:Recent studies have demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) utilizing a multitarget DNA assay panel (MTAP) on a single stool specimen. The aim of this study was to determine if analyzing three stool specimens obtained on three different days with the MTAP was superior to a single specimen for the detection of CRC. A secondary aim was to confirm the sensitivity of this MTAP reported in earlier studies.METHODS:Sixteen patients with newly diagnosed CRC underwent stool collection on three different days prior to surgical resection. Each specimen was analyzed using a MTAP that included 21 specific mutations of p53, K-ras and APC, and a microsatellite instability marker (BAT-26). RESULTS:Eleven of the sixteen patients (69%) had at least one mutation detected in their first stool specimen. Identical mutations were found in 18 of 21 (86%) subsequent stool specimens from patients initially positive. No new mutations were detected in these 21 specimens or 9 subsequent specimens from 5 patients initially negative. Overall, there was a 93% concordance between initial results and subsequent stools analyzed.CONCLUSION:There did not appear to be any additional benefit from performing the MTAP on more than one specimen per patient. This MTAP was reproducible with the same mutation detected in serial samples from each patient. The sensitivity detected in this study was comparable to earlier reports. Studies in an asymptomatic average-risk population are required to determine the role of the MTAP in CRC screening.