Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavior and Attention Problems in Eight-Year-Old Children with Prenatal Opiate and Poly-Substance Exposure: A Longitudinal Study

Multiple studies have found that children born to mothers with opioid or poly-substance use during pregnancy have more behavior and attention problems and lower cognitive functioning than non-exposed children. The present study aimed to investigate whether behavior and attention problems are more prominent than general cognitive deficits in this risk group and whether the problems wane or increase over time. This prospective longitudinal cross-informant study compared 72 children who were prenatally exposed to heroin and multiple drugs with a group of 58 children without known prenatal risk factors. Group differences in caregivers’ and teachers’ reports of the children’s behavior and attention problems based on the Child Behavior Check List and the ADHD Rating Scale were compared based on group differences in general cognitive functioning at 4 ½ and 8 ½ years of age. Both parent and teacher reports suggest that the exposed group has significantly more problems in several behavioral areas than the comparison group, particularly with regard to attention problems. The preschool teachers had already reported these problems when the children were 4 ½ years old, whereas the caregivers reported these problems mainly when the children were 8 ½ years old. The group differences in behavioral and attentional problems were not significantly greater and some were even significantly smaller than the group differences in general cognitive abilities. These findings suggest that children subject to prenatally drug exposure have increasing problems in multiple areas related to behavior from preschool age to 8 ½ years but that these problems do not seem to be specific; i.e., they are not more severe than the problems with general cognitive abilities found for this group.
Towards the Natural Ontology of Wikipedia

In this paper we present preliminary results on the extraction of ORA: the Natural Ontology of Wikipedia. ORA is obtained through an automatic process that analyses the natural language definitions of DBpedia entities provided by their Wikipedia pages. Hence, this ontology reflects the richness of terms used and agreed by the crowds, and can be updated periodically according to the evolution of Wikipedia.
A Tighter Bhattacharyya Bound for Decoding Error Probability

The Bhattacharyya bound has been widely used to upper bound the pair-wise probability of error when transmitting over a noisy channel. However, the bound as it appears in most textbooks on channel coding can be improved by a factor of 1/2 when applied to the frame error probability. For the particular case of symmetric channels, the pairwise error probability can also be improved by a factor of 1/2. This letter provides a simple proof of these tighter bounds that has the same simplicity as the proof of the standard Bhattacharyya bound currently found in textbooks
Data mining approaches for network intrusion detection: from dimensionality reduction to misuse and anomaly detection

This paper describes the use of data mining techniques to solve three important issues in network intrusion detection problems. The first goal is finding the best dimensionality reduction algorithm which reduces the computational cost while still maintains the accuracy. We implement both feature extraction (Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis) and feature selection (Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization) techniques for dimensionality reduction. The second goal is finding the best algorithm for misuse detection system to detect known intrusion. We implement four basic machine learning algorithms (Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, Nearest Neighbour and Rule Induction) and then apply ensemble algorithms such as bagging, boosting and stacking to improve the performance of these four basic algorithms. The third goal is finding the best clustering algorithms to detect network anomalies which contains unknown intrusion. We analyze and compare the performance of four unsupervised clustering algorithms (k-Means, k-Medoids, EM clustering and distance-based outlier detection) in terms of accuracy and false positives. Our experiment shows that the Nearest Neighbour (NN) classifier when implemented with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) as an attribute selection algorithm, achieved the best performance, which is 99.71% accuracy and 0.27% false positive. The misuse detection technique achieves a very good performance with more than 99% accuracy when detecting known intrusion but it fails to accurately detect data set with a large number of unknown intrusions where the highest accuracy is only 63.97%. In contrast, the anomaly detection approach shows promising results where the distance-based outlier detection method outperforms the other three clustering algorithms with the accuracy of 80.15%, followed by EM clustering (78.06%), k-Medoids (76.71%), improved k-Means (65.40%) and k-Means (57.81%).
Hydrodynamic Stimulation of Plankton Bioluminescence

Fish do it. Dolphins do it. Swimmers do it. Surface ships do it. In fact, the last German U-boat detected in the Great War was sunk because it did it. What they all do is create flow fields energetic enough to create bioluminescent "footprints. " Because bioluminescent organisms are ubiquitous (particularly dinoflagellates, common members of marine plankton) flow-stimulated light emission represents an operational threat to U.S. Navy nighttime operations. Conversely, bioluminescence presents opportunities, particularly in coastal waters where acoustic opportunities are severely limited, to detect an adversary’s nighttime motion beneath the ocean surface. To address these issues, we have empirically derived response "calibrations" of luminescent dinoflagellates in several wellcharacterized flow fields. For the first time, this process allows one to predict which flows should be stimulatory and to predict the size of the corresponding bioluminescent "footprint," given the hydrodynamic properties of the flow. Current bioluminescence studies will help the Navy use its large meteorological database of bioluminescent potential measurements for prediction and aid oceanographers in their attempt to visualize and quantify naturally occurring flow fields. Hydrodynamic Stimulation of Plankton Bioluminescence Jim Rohr, Greg Anderson
Toward a theory of interaction in mobile paper-digital ensembles

Although smartphones and tablets become increasingly popular, pen and paper continues to play an important role in mobile practices, such as note taking or creative discussions. Applications designed to combine the benefits of both worlds in a mobile paper-digital ensemble require a theoretical understanding of interaction, to inform the design of adequate interaction techniques. To fill this void, we propose a theory based on the results of a stimulus driven exploratory study.
THROUGH AN INTERSECTIONALITY LENS: SERVICE PROVIDER VIEWS ON THE SEXUAL HEALTH NEEDS OF RACIALIZED LGBTQ YOUTH IN TORONTO

This thesis explores the needs and gaps in knowledge and service delivery in sexual health for racialized LGBTQ youth living in Toronto, Canada from the perspective of service providers. Through a grounded theory approach, data were analysed using an intersectionality lens with the intention that the complex identities of the youth be considered. The findings of this study shed light on the barriers that operate at the micro (ie. personal), meso (ie. community) and macro (ie. societal) levels that affect the sexual health outcomes of racialized LGBTQ youth. Key findings from this study point to: 1) the need to closely examine contexts that can affect racialized LGBTQ youth’s decision for disclosure, such as factors that render these youth invisible and the costs and benefits of disclosure for them; and 2) the importance of providing youth-friendly services that are inclusive of the diverse youth population of Toronto and having larger comprehensive service bodies act as allies to smaller specialized organizations that lack resources. Implications for practice and policy are discussed through the lens of intersectionality that focuses on the necessity of working towards equity on multiple fronts to improve service provision. The significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them. Albert Einstein INTERSECTIONALITY: RACIALIZED LGBTQ YOUTH iii Acknowledgments I would like to express my gratitude to those who helped me gain perspective throughout the development of this work. This includes my thesis supervisor, Dr. Robb Travers, who gave me the opportunity to explore a very important topic and provided guidance to me along the way. I also want to thank my thesis committee members, Dr. Terry Mitchell and Dr. Colleen Loomis for their insightful feedback that helped to deepen my thinking and improve my writing. To my parents, Xiaomei and Han: I could not have done this without your unconditional love and support. To my partner, Marty: thank you for your encouragement and constant reminders to always back up my work, “a saved thesis is a happy thesis”. INTERSECTIONALITY: RACIALIZED LGBTQ YOUTH iv Table of
A Single-Dose Intra-Articular Morphine plus Bupivacaine versus Morphine Alone following Knee Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of a single-dose intra-articular morphine plus bupivacaine versus morphine alone in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery. Methods Randomized controlled trials comparing a combination of morphine and bupivacaine with morphine alone injected intra-articularly in the management of pain after knee arthrocopic surgery were retrieved (up to August 10, 2014) from MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library and Embase databases. The weighted mean difference (WMD), relative risk (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using RevMan statistical software. Results Thirteen randomized controlled trials were included. Statistically significant differences were observed with regard to the VAS values during the immediate period (0-2h) (WMD -1.16; 95% CI -2.01 to -0.31; p = 0.007) and the time to first request for rescue analgesia (WMD = 2.05; 95% CI 0.19 to 3.92; p = 0.03). However, there was no significant difference in the VAS pain score during the early period (2-6h) (WMD -0.36; 95% CI -1.13 to 0.41; p = 0.35), the late period (6-48h) (WMD 0.11; 95% CI -0.40 to 0.63; p = 0.67), and the number of patients requiring supplementary analgesia (RR = 0.78; 95% CI 0.57 to 1.05; p = 0.10). In addition, systematic review showed that intra-articular morphine plus bupivacaine would not increase the incidence of adverse effects compared with morphine alone. Conclusion The present study suggested that the administration of single-dose intra-articular morphine plus bupivacaine provided better pain relief during the immediate period (0-2h), and lengthened the time interval before the first request for analgesic rescue without increasing the short-term side effects when compared with morphine alone. Level of Evidence Level I, meta-analysis of Level I studies.
A Generalized Model of Cognitive Tasks Anding

A person applies her knowledge when she performs a cognitive task. The representation of a person’s knowledge of a task is accessible from a cognitive task analysis. The think -aloud method is useful for carrying out a cognitive task analysis because think -aloud data represent closely a person's knowledge. Various cognitive tasks were analyzed and models of cognitive tasks were developed based on the external and internal environments of task s. Comparison between models of cognitive tasks shows similarities between the models. Further analysis suggests common features which formed the basis for the construction of a generalized model of cognitive tasks. This study proposed a generalized model which has four major categories referred to as (a) properties, (b) events, (c) essence and (d) rules of a task. These categories represent information and knowledge in the external and internal environments of cognitive tasks.
A novel floor segmentation algorithm for mobile robot navigation

The task of detection of floor area for mobile robot navigation has received immense importance over the years. The main challenging problem as long as the path planning of robots is concerned, is the obstacle avoidance. Obstacle detection and avoidance in real time is a complex and computationally expensive process as a result of which the robotics researchers opted to segment out floors, which is comparatively easier process and at the same time very much feasible in real time applications. The proposed floor segmentation algorithm detects floor from a scene irrespective of the change of illumination as well as shadows. A conventional breadth first search based region growing technique has been used with histogram based features in YCbCr color space and floor junction masking to detect the floor pixels from the scene. The algorithm has been compared with various other existing techniques to showcase the improved results of the proposed one.
An energy efficient routing algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor network, there are many hurdles takes place in providing quality of service routing to a desired level. The majority of routing protocols in wireless sensor networks concentrates on energy efficiency as a prime factor. Developing an energy-efficient routing protocol has a significant impact on the overall lifetime and stability of the sensor network. In this paper, we have considered three types of sensor nodes. Some fraction of the sensor nodes are equipped with the additional energy resources than the other nodes. We have assumed that all the sensor nodes are uniformly distributed. In the Heterogeneous WSN, we proposed an energy efficient cluster head election protocol and using the improved Prim's algorithm to construct an inter-cluster routing. Simulation results show out method is more efficient to reduce and balance energy consumption and hence prolong the lifetime of WSN.
Low-cost impedance controlled multifinger gripper

The following article presents our attempt to design and build a simple, low-cost, impedance controlled, multifinger gripper having two phalanges in each finger. The paper discusses two different approaches of creating its mechanical construction, comparing the strengths and weaknesses of both solutions, as well as electronic design and software architecture of the controller. The results of basic experiments regarding primitive tasks are provided. Modular structure of our design opens a way to create also grippers with 3 fingers.
The effect of coping on job performance

Frontline workers, such as teachers and social workers, often experience stress, for instance because of high workloads. To deal with this, they use coping strategies. However, it is still unclear how coping strategies influence performance at work. The first goal of this article is therefore to theoretically and empirically study whether one important coping strategy (prioritizing motivated clients) influences job performance. The secondary goal is to go beyond testing a linear relationship between coping and performance by examining how work experience moderates this relationship. We use a multi-source survey of frontline workers and their supervisors in the United States to achieve these goals. We found that coping by prioritizing motivated clients is positively related to job performance. A strong moderation effect was also found: The positive effect is weaker for experienced frontline workers. Experienced frontline workers do not 'have to' prioritize motivated clients for high performance, as their knowledge and skills enable them to deliver results also for more difficult target groups. Contrary, for less experienced frontline workers, this coping strategy seems quite beneficial. We conclude with implications and a future research agenda. stressful times: Analyzing coping strategies of civil servants ". The project combines insights from psychology and public administration to study how frontline workers cope during public service delivery (www.larstummers.com/coping).
Towards the Discovery of Semantic Relations in Large Biomedical Annotated Corpora

This paper proposes the application of multidimensional analysis over large semantically annotated biomedical corpora for the identification of relevant abstract relations between the recognized entities. The identification of relations is one of the most challenging issues in information extraction, as they guide the definition of the patterns used during the extraction phase. Multidimensional analysis allows us to define different analysis perspectives with different detail levels over the extracted facts. Among other tasks, users can distinguish discriminative relation patterns from ambiguous ones, detect the most relevant relation patterns and identify clusters of patterns that can refer to the same abstract relation. The proposal has been implemented upon a commercial tool and tested over the CALBC corpus.
Interaction between Workers during a Short Time Window Is Required for Bacterial Symbiont Transmission in Acromyrmex Leaf-Cutting Ants

Stable associations between partners over time are critical for the evolution of mutualism. Hosts employ a variety of mechanisms to maintain specificity with bacterial associates. Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants farm a fungal cultivar as their primary nutrient source. These ants also carry a Pseudonocardia Actinobacteria exosymbiont on their bodies that produces antifungal compounds that help inhibit specialized parasites of the ants' fungal garden. Major workers emerge from their pupal cases (eclose) symbiont-free, but exhibit visible Actinobacterial coverage within 14 days post-eclosion. Using subcolony experiments, we investigate exosymbiont transmission within Acromyrmex colonies. We found successful transmission to newly eclosed major workers fostered by major workers with visible Actinobacteria in all cases (100% acquiring, n = 19). In contrast, newly eclosed major workers reared without exosymbiont-carrying major workers did not acquire visible Actinobacteria (0% acquiring, n = 73). We further show that the majority of ants exposed to major workers with exosymbionts within 2 hours of eclosion acquired bacteria (60.7% acquiring, n = 28), while normal acquisition did not occur when exposure occurred later than 2 hours post-eclosion (0% acquiring, n = 18). Our findings show that transmission of exosymbionts to newly eclosed major workers occurs through interactions with exosymbiont-covered workers within a narrow time window after eclosion. This mode of transmission likely helps ensure the defensive function within colonies, as well as specificity and partner fidelity in the ant-bacterium association.
A Stream-Oriented Component Model for Performance Analysis of Multiprocessor DSPs

This paper introduces a composable component model which can be used for performance analysis of complex DSP systems consisting of several computation resources communicating via some shared media. We review different methods to analyze the performance of such communication-centric systems — these include simulation, trace-based simulation and symbolic methods. Finally, a component model that can be used to formally state the relationship between the usage and the processing capabilities of different computation and communication resources is established. Using this component model, we can analytically derive performance measures of complete DSP systems. We illustrate the applicability of this component model with an example.
Smooth and efficient obstacle avoidance for a tour guide robot

We present the local path planning and obstacle avoidance method used on the autonomous tour-guide robot RoboX. It has proven its value during a 5 month operation of ten such robots in a real-world application, a very crowded exhibition. Three known approaches (DWA, elastic band, NF1) have been integrated into a system that performs smooth motion efficiently, in the sense of computational effort as well as goal-directedness. Apart from modifications to the DWA and the elastic band, we present the formulations that allow this fusion.
Cantilever bending based on humidity-actuated mesoporous silica/silicon bilayers

We use a soft templating approach in combination with evaporation induced self-assembly to prepare mesoporous films containing cylindrical pores with elliptical cross-section on an ordered pore lattice. The film is deposited on silicon-based commercial atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers using dip coating. This bilayer cantilever is mounted in a humidity controlled AFM, and its deflection is measured as a function of relative humidity. We also investigate a similar film on bulk silicon substrate using grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), in order to determine nanostructural parameters of the film as well as the water-sorption-induced deformation of the ordered mesopore lattice. The strain of the mesoporous layer is related to the cantilever deflection using simple bilayer bending theory. We also develop a simple quantitative model for cantilever deflection which only requires cantilever geometry and nanostructural parameters of the porous layer as input parameters.
Initial dose intensity has limited impact on the outcome of ABVD chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL): data from UKLG LY09 (ISRCTN97144519).

BACKGROUND This analysis was undertaken to assess the relationship between the dose intensity (DI) of initial chemotherapy and outcome in a large cohort of patients with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma treated in a randomised controlled trial, in which detailed dose data were collected prospectively. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three-hundred and eighty patients randomly assigned to receive standard doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine who underwent at least two cycles of treatment were studied. With a median follow-up of 6.9 years, progression-free survival (PFS) from the end of cycle 2 was analysed according to DI during those cycles. RESULTS During the first two cycles, 25% of patients received >97% of planned DI, 37% received between 86% and 97% and 38% received <86%. DI during the first two cycles was correlated with DI during the remainder of the course, but there was no evidence that early DI influenced PFS (hazard ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.67-1.11; P = 0.265). Multivariate analysis also failed to confirm the influence of early DI on PFS or overall survival. CONCLUSIONS At the range of DI delivered in a multicentre trial using conventional therapy, there is no clear evidence that early DI influences outcome. This should be tested in a prospective study.
Web Site Adaptation: Recommendation and Automatic Generation of Navigation Menus

In recommender systems the interests of users are typically represented as unordered sets of pages. However, on web sites where the pages are not independent of each other, the order in which the pages are visited is important. A recommender should not only recommend the right pages, but also recommend them in the right order. A widely used form of recommending is the context dependent navigation menu. In this short paper we compare content and usage based methods to build navigation menus from scratch. In our experiments the navigation traces of users clearly showed stages, which indicates that users prefer to view pages in a specific order. Content based methods appear to be adequate for creating menus that group of pages with similar topics, but do not provide an ordering. Usage based methods are necessary to recommend pages that match a user’s current navigation stage.