Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equivalence principle and the Moon.

The perturbation of the lunar motion caused by a hypothetical violation of the equivalence principle is analytically worked out in terms of power series in the manner of Hill and Brown. The interaction with the quadrupolar tide is found to amplify the leading order term in the synodic range oscillation by more than 62%. Confirming a recent finding of Nordtvedt, we show that this amplification has a pole singularity for an orbit beyond the lunar orbit. This singularity is shown to correspond to the critical prograde orbit beyond which, as
High levels of intracellular ATP prevent nitric oxide‐induced apoptosis in rat gastric mucosal cells

Summary. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in gastric mucosal injury in the human stomach. Exposure to excessive NO leads to apoptosis; however, the mechanism remains largely unknown in gastric epithelial cells. The apoptotic process is modulated by energy states in cells. This study investigated molecular mechanisms of NO‐induced apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells and influence of high glucose on those mechanisms. Normal rat gastric mucosal epithelial (RGM‐1) cells were cultured in media containing either 1000 (low) or 4500 mg/l (high) of D‐glucose. When the cells were incubated with a chemical NO donor NOC18, apoptosis was induced in a dose‐dependent manner. Intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels significantly increased in the cells cultured with high glucose in comparison with the low‐glucose condition. The cells with high ATP levels were more resistant to NO‐induced apoptosis than the cells with low ATP levels. NO‐induced apoptosis was followed by mitochondrial depolarization, upregulation of Bax protein, cytochrome C release from mitochondria to the cytosol and subsequent caspases activation. These results suggest that NO inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory system and acute ATP depletion initiate apoptotic signalling in gastric epithelial cells. High glucose may prevent NO‐induced apoptosis by leading to high levels of intracellular ATP or other metabolic changes in this cell line.
Application of the Motivation Scale for Disability Sport Consumption: An Examination of Intended Future Consumption Behavior of Collegiate Wheelchair Basketball Spectators

Consumer behavior studies in the context of sports have been used to examine (a) why subjects consume a sport (Funk, Mahony, & Ridinger, 2002; Wann, Grieve, Zapalac, & Pease, 2008); (b) the process of market segmentation such as examination of consumption by way of sex (Trail, Robinson, & Kim, 2008), gender (Wann & Waddill, 2003), single game attendees and season ticket holders (Funk, Ridinger, & Moorman, 2003); and (c) influence on intended future consumption behavior (e.g., Andrew, Kim, O’Neal, Greenwell, & James, 2009; Byon et al., 2011; Byon et al. 2010). To date, most research in this area has neglected the disability sport context. The purpose of this study is to utilize the only existing disability sport scale, the Motivation Scale for Disability Sport Consumption (MSDSC; Cottingham et al., 2012), to identify the motives salient in predicting intended future consumption behaviors, specifically repatronage intentions, future media consumption, and future merchandise purchases. Data were collected form 470 spectators at the Collegiate Wheelchair Basketball Championships held in Arlington Texas. Three multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the significance of each of the factors identified in the MSDSC in predicting the outcome variables of repatronage intentions, intended merchandise consumption, and intended media consumption. Results indicated that four motives were significant predictors of all three outcome variables, specifically, acquisition of knowledge, escape, physical skill and social interaction. This research will directly benefit practitioners, such as disability sport organizations, who are interested in expanding their marketing base yet lack the resources for formal marketing departments (IPC, 2010).
Casting a Wide Net: Role of Perineuronal Nets in Neural Plasticity

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are unique extracellular matrix structures that wrap around certain neurons in the CNS during development and control plasticity in the adult CNS. They appear to contribute to a wide range of diseases/disorders of the brain, are involved in recovery from spinal cord injury, and are altered during aging, learning and memory, and after exposure to drugs of abuse. Here the focus is on how a major component of PNNs, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, control plasticity, and on the role of PNNs in memory in normal aging, in a tauopathy model of Alzheimer's disease, and in drug addiction. Also discussed is how altered extracellular matrix/PNN formation during development may produce synaptic pathology associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and autism spectrum disorders. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of how PNNs are altered in normal physiology and disease will offer insights into new treatment approaches for these diseases.
A neural propositional reasoner that is goal-driven and works without pre-compiled knowledge

This work presents the propositional version of a neural engine for finding proofs by refutation using the resolution principle. Such a neural architecture does not require special arrangements or different modules in order to do forward or backward reasoning, driven by the goal posed to it. Also, the neural engine is capable of performing monotonic reasoning with both complete and incomplete knowledge in an integrated fashion. In order to do so, it was necessary to provide the system with the ability to create new sentences (clauses). The neural mechanism presented herein is the first to our knowledge that does not require that the clauses of the knowledge base be either pre-encoded as constraints or learnt via examples, although the addition of these features to the system is not an impossibility.
3D Multi-scale level set segmentation of vertebrae

We present a 3D multi-scale segmentation algorithm for vertebrae based on a cascade of level sets. We validated the performance of the algorithm in terms of accuracy, robustness and speed and compared it with its original single-scale version using a synthetic vertebra and a semi-synthetic one containing natural structured noise. The multi-scale algorithm was found to be 4 to 5 times faster and could be half a voxel more accurate than the single-scale algorithm. Synthetic vertebrae also allowed us to try a large number of level set parameters. Analysis of the results revealed trends about parameter combinations leading to leakage or under segmentation. After selecting a good set of parameters we tested the algorithm on 50 real vertebrae. The success rates were 90% and 80% respectively for the multi-scale and single-scale algorithms.
A new modified technique for removing epidermal cysts using a trepan in one stage with a smaller postoperative scar and no recurrence.

Epidermal cysts are the most common benign subdermal tumor. Conventional excision can remove the cyst completely but potentially results in a long scar. The punch incision technique and minimal excision carry the risk of leaving cyst remnants, resulting in recurrence because of the limited surgical approach from inside the cyst. We present a new modified removal technique using a trepan, approaching from outside the cyst to achieve a one-stage procedure, with no recurrence and a smaller scar. The cyst is removed as completely as with conventional excision. This technique applies to any size of epidermal (sebaceous) cyst at any location.
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output OFDM with Index Modulation Using Frequency Offset

With increasing demand of high datarate applications at low cost, wireless communication is the key area of research, the solution to this problem is OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). Multicarrier transmission technique like OFDM with IM (Index Modulation) is the best choice over classical OFDM. Sending the information at the indices of active subcarriers is extra information source. In this work we propose MIMO OFDM IM using frequency offset by combining MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) & OFDM IM transmission techniques. The different low complexity transceiver structure of MIMO OFDM IM is developed & shown via numerical calculations on Matlab platform. Here we propose MIMO OFDM IM using frequency offset that achieves significantly better BER (Bit Error Rate) performance than MIMO OFDM IM for several different system configurations.
Violation of Bell's Inequality under Strict Einstein Locality Conditions

We observe strong violation of Bell's inequality in an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-type experiment with independent observers. Our experiment definitely implements the ideas behind the well-known work by Aspect et al. We for the first time fully enforce the condition of locality, a central assumption in the derivation of Bell's theorem. The necessary spacelike separation of the observations is achieved by sufficient physical distance between the measurement stations, by ultrafast and random setting of the analyzers, and by completely independent data registration.
Remedy for the birth plan headache.

ble 66-5) in the more recent edition of Wintrobe4 cited by Dr. Brigden and Ms. Page which, incidentally, is headed by "Tumors" is there any mention of blood loss, although this has been found to be a significant cause of leukoerythroblastosis: when combined with infection it accounted for up to 78% of cases in one series.5 Surely blood loss and infection are more common, more significant and less sinister additions to the list than such entities as marble bone disease, -y-irradiation and Gaucher's disease. Retief6 demonstrated that more than 25% of a series of cases of leukoerythroblastosis occurred in patients with acute bacterial infections, and Burkett and coworkers7 showed that 3% of patients admitted with infection and 7% of those admitted with blood loss had a leukoerythroblastic blood film. Wintrobe's text,4 however, lists only tuberculosis and osteomyelitis as possible causes.
Cognitive ergonomics of teaching ontologies

Motivation -- Evaluation of the visual design and cognitive ergonomics of teaching ontologies. Research approach -- The underlying research framework is pursuing one method, where clarity and harmony of teaching ontology are evaluated by assessing its structure with several quantitative metrics. Findings/Design -- The method represents an 8-step methodology where different parameters of an ontology are assessed. An application was developed that helps experts during the evaluation process by utilizing automatic metric values calculating. Research limitations/Implications -- Such an approach is feasible for ontologies that are used by people for education or knowledge sharing; it is not applicable for evaluating ontology performance in the software applications. Originality/Value -- This method will practically aid the process of knowledge structuring and ontology design. Take away message -- The main characteristic of "good" teaching ontology is its harmony.
Visual activation patterns in patients with optic neuritis

We studied the use of functional MRI (fMRI) with visual stimulation in nine patients with unilateral optic neuritis. Eight healthy subjects served as controls. Patients showed reduced activation upon stimulation of the affected eye, on average 33% (range 0 to 156%) of the average monocular activation in the control group. Decreased activation was also seen for the unaffected eye (61% of control values, range 3 to 133%). We conclude that fMRI with visual stimulation is feasible in patients with optic neuritis and deserves future study.
DNA Methylation of the Homeobox Genes PITX2 and SHOX2 Predicts Outcome in Non–small-cell Lung Cancer Patients

Biomarkers that facilitate prediction of disease progression in lung cancer patients might be clinically valuable in optimizing individualized therapy. In this study, the ability of the DNA methylation biomarkers PITX2 and SHOX2 to predict disease outcome in lung cancer patients has been evaluated. Quantitative, methylation-specific (HeavyMethyl), real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to measure DNA methylation of PITX2 and SHOX2 in bisulfite-converted DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 474 non–small-cell lung cancer patients. In univariate Cox Proportional Hazard analysis, high methylation of SHOX2 and PITX2 was a significant predictor of progression-free survival [SHOX2: n=465, hazard ratio (HR)=1.395 (1.130 to 1.721), P=0.002; PITX2: n=445, HR=1.312 (1.059 to 1.625), P=0.013]. Patients with low methylation of either PITX2 and/or SHOX2 (n=319) showed a significantly higher risk of disease progression as compared with patients with higher methylation of both genes [n=126; HR=1.555 (1.210 to 1.999), P=0.001]. This was particularly true for the subgroup of patients receiving no adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy [n=258, HR=1.838 (1.252 to 2.698), P=0.002]. In multivariate analysis, both biomarkers added significant independent prognostic information to pT, pN, pM, and grade. Another interesting finding of this study was that SHOX2 and PITX2 DNA methylation was shown to be inversely correlated with TTF1 (also known as NKX2-1) expression (PITX2: P=0.018, SHOX2: P<0.001). TFF1 expression was previously found to be associated with improved survival in the same patient cohort. DNA methylation of PITX2 and SHOX2 is an independent prognostic biomarker for disease progression in non–small-cell lung cancer patients.
Feeder reconfiguration techniques: A review

Feeder reconfiguration (FR) is an operational process that modifies feeder topology structure by changing section as well as tie switches status. The main objective of FR is to find a radial operating configuration that optimizes certain objectives while satisfying operational constraints. Increased number of switches led to a better reconfiguration but at the same time increases investment cost as well as outage time. Hence, optimal composition and placement of switches is required. Mostly feeder reconfiguration problem is formulated as a multi-objective dynamic mixed integer non linear programming problem. The objective functions are cost reduction (investment and operational), loss minimization, improved reliability and voltage profile improvement. In the era of deregulation, distributed generators (DGs) are being employed widely due to certain benefits. Therefore, in this paper different FR techniques with and without DGs have been investigated.
Post-concussion symptoms after traumatic brain injury at 3 and 12 months post-injury: A prospective study

Primary objectives: To examine self-reported post-concussion symptoms from 3–12 months post-injury in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to identify predictors of these symptoms. Methods and procedures: A 1-year prospective study in Eastern Norway including 115 persons (16–55 years), with mild, moderate and severe TBI. The Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were administered. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 12 months. Results: In the whole sample of TBI, 27.8% of cases developed post-concussion syndrome (PCS) at 3 months and 23.6% at 12 months post-injury. The mild and moderate groups showed a decline of PCS symptoms over time, in contrast to the severe TBI group. Greater levels of somatic, cognitive and anxiety symptoms at 3 months, as well as shorter PTA duration, were found to be important predictors for the severity of PCS symptoms at 12 months. Intracranial pathology, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and demographic variables were not related to the severity of PCS symptoms. Conclusions: PCS symptoms were reported to a greater degree in persons with mild TBI at 3 months post-injury. One year after injury, no differences were found between TBI groups on the presence of PCS.
Stability of Alexithymia and Its Relationships with the ‘Big Five’ Factors, Temperament, Character, and Attachment Style

Background: Controversy still exists concerning the stability of the alexithymia construct. Also, although alexithymia has been found to be related in a theoretically meaningful way to other personality constructs such as the ‘Big Five’ factors, few studies have investigated its relationship with influential constructs such as temperament and character, and attachment security. Methods: Two hundred twenty-one undergraduate and graduate students were administered the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Zung Depression Scale (ZDS), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125), the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), and the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) questionnaire. After 1 month, 115 participants completed again the TAS-20, STAI, and ZDS. Results: Alexithymia was only moderately correlated with depression and anxiety. Both the absolute and relative stability of TAS-20 total and subscale scores was high, and a negligible portion of their change over time was accounted for by changes in depression or anxiety. In separate multiple regression models including also gender, age, depression and anxiety, TAS-20 total and subscale scores were correlated with low energy/extraversion, low emotional stability, openness, low friendliness/agreeableness; harm avoidance, low self-directedness, low cooperativeness, low reward dependence; attachment-related avoidance and anxiety. Conclusions: Our findings lend support for both absolute and relative stability of alexithymia, corroborate an association between alexithymia and insecure attachment, and contribute to a coherent placing of alexithymia in the broader theoretical network of personality constructs.
Investigating selection behavior of new and old users in online emerging user-object networks

In the present information era, due to the immense success of web 2.0 several online services are available. This has led to growth of both web users and varieties of online objects. In this paper, we propose a growth model for user-object bipartite network that investigate the selection behaviors of web users. In this model, both web user and object sets grow continuously but edges arise only from the user set. These edges are attached with a combination of preferential and random attachment mechanism. To validate our model, we consider eight distinct real-world user-object networks. Our results show good agreements between real data, model and simulation. We observe that selection behaviors of new and old users are different towards objects in different networks. Conversely, popular and unpopular objects are selected differently by these web users. We notice interesting temporal patterns in randomness of selection behaviors of new and old users in different networks.
Physical aspects of cancer invasion

Invasiveness, one of the hallmarks of tumor progression, represents the tumor's ability to expand into the host tissue by means of several complex biochemical and biomechanical processes. Since certain aspects of the problem present a striking resemblance with well-known physical mechanisms, such as the mechanical insertion of a solid inclusion in an elastic material specimen (G Eaves 1973 The invasive growth of malignant tumours as a purely mechanical process J. Pathol. 109 233; C Guiot, N Pugno and P P Delsanto 2006 Elastomechanical model of tumor invasion Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 233901) or a water drop impinging on a surface (C Guiot, P P Delsanto and T S Deisboeck 2007 Morphological instability and cancer invasion: a ‘splashing water drop’ analogy Theor. Biol. Med. Model 4 4), we propose here an analogy between these physical processes and a cancer system's invasive branching into the surrounding tissue. Accounting for its solid and viscous properties, we then arrive, as a unifying model, to an analogy with a granular solid. While our model has been explicitly formulated for multicellular tumor spheroids in vitro, it should also contribute to a better understanding of tumor invasion in vivo.
Applied particle filter in traffic tracking

This paper introduces a general traffic tracking system which has the ability to detect and track objects moving in the street automatically. By combining the idea of Particle Filter and background subtraction, we propose ODAPF - Object Detection Aided Particle Filter, a framework of multi-object tracking using Particle Filter, which works under the assist of an object detection process. This framework has been applied to the context of motorbike tracking and the experimental results prove that this approach is efficient and reliable. The system can also be expanded to a variety of transports.
Investigating mathematical models for focused plenoptic cameras

This paper presents a mathematical projection model for focused plenoptic cameras. The model defines the projection from object space to the virtual image space inside the plenoptic camera. We estimate the camera model by performing bundle adjustment based on a 3D calibration target. In this article we investigate different depth distortion models as well as the influence of a sensor tilted with respect to the main lens. We evaluate what depth accuracies can be achieved based on the presented models.
A Probability Collectives Approach with a Feasibility-Based Rule for Constrained Optimization

This paper demonstrates an attempt to incorporate a simple and generic constraint handling technique to the Probability Collectives (PC) approach for solving constrained optimization problems. The approach of PC optimizes any complex system by decomposing it into smaller subsystems and further treats them in a distributed and decentralized way. These subsystems can be viewed as a Multi-Agent System with rational and self-interested agents optimizing their local goals. However, as there is no inherent constraint handling capability in the PC approach, a real challenge is to take into account constraints and at the same time make the agents work collectively avoiding the tragedy of commons to optimize the global/system objective. At the core of the PC optimization methodology are the concepts of Deterministic Annealing in Statistical Physics, Game Theory and Nash Equilibrium. Moreover, a rule-based procedure is incorporated to handle solutions based on the number of constraints violated and drive the convergence towards feasibility. Two specially developed cases of the Circle Packing Problem with known solutions are solved and the true optimum results are obtained at reasonable computational costs. The proposed algorithm is shown to be sufficiently robust, and strengths and weaknesses of the methodology are also discussed.