Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Participant’s Voice: A Mixed-Method Evaluation of a Mixed-Gender Seeking Safety Group

ABSTRACT This study used mixed methods to evaluate Seeking Safety (a cognitive-behavioral based therapy for co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders) with a mixed-gender group. The authors analyzed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom change and feedback among clients of a recovery facility in Arizona (N = 156). Pre–post and correlational analyses were performed. Attendance was associated with reductions in PTSD symptoms (t = 2.56, p = .006; F = 2.86, p = .06) with no difference for gender. A strong positive correlation was found between ratings of session helpfulness and likeliness to use session skills (r = .90, p < .001). Qualitative data analyzed for module themes are also discussed.
Effect of Alternative Splitting Rules on Image Processing Using Classification Tree Analysis

Rule-based classification using classification tree analysis (CTA) is increasingly applied to remotely sensed data. CTA employs splitting rules to construct decision trees using training data as input. Results are then used for image classification. Software implementations of CTA offer different splitting rules and provide practitioners little guidance for their selection. We evaluated classification accuracy from four commonly used splitting rules and three types of imagery. Overall accuracies within data types varied less than 6 percent. Pairwise comparisons of kappa statistics indicated no significant differences (p-value � 0.05). Individual class accuracies, measured by user’s and producer’s accuracy, however, varied among methods. The entropy and twoing splitting rules most often accounted for the poorest performing classes. Based on analysis of the structure of the rules and the results from our three data sets, when the software provides the option, we recommend the gini and class probability rules for classification of remotely sensed data.
Multidimensional microtiming in Samba music

The connection of “groove” with low-level features in the audio signal has been mostly associated with temporal characteristics of fast metrical structures. However, the production and perception of rhythm in Afro-Brazilian contexts is often described as a result of multiple experience flows, which expands the description of rhythmical events to multiple features such as loudness, spectrum regions, metrical layers, movement and others. In this study, we analyzed how the microtiming of samba music interacts with an expanded set of musical descriptors. More specifically, we analyzed the interaction between fast timing structures with meter, intensity and spectral distribution within the auditory domain. The methodology for feature detection was supported by a psychoacoustically based auditory model, which provided the low-level descriptors for a database of 106 samba music excerpts. A cluster analysis technique was used to provide an overview of emergent microtiming models present in the features. The results confirm findings of previous studies in the field but introduce new systematic devices that may characterize microtiming in samba music. Systematic models of interactions between microtiming, amplitude, metrical structure and spectral distribution seem to be available in the structure of low-level auditory descriptors used in the methodology.
Estimating the Epidemiology and Quantifying the Damages of Parental Separation in Children and Adolescents

Parental separation is linked to multiple negative outcomes for children in all spheres of life. A field study was designed to estimate the epidemiology and to quantify the outcomes on the wellbeing of children from separated parents. Thus, data on socio-economic status, psychological adjustment, behavioral disorders, social relations, self-concept, and academic achievement were gathered from 346 children and adolescents, 173 separated parents, and 173 parents from intact families in the paediatric catchment area of Galicia (Spain). The results showed that parental separation had a significant negative impact on the children’s and adolescents’ family income (increasing the probability of falling below the poverty line); psychological adjustment (i.e., higher scores in anxiety, depression, hostility, paranoid ideation, and interpersonal alienation); social relations (i.e., less self-control in social relations; higher social withdrawal); self-concept (lower levels of academic, emotional, physical, and family self-concept), and academic achievement (lower academic achievement with higher school dropout rates). Moreover, children from separated families had a higher probability of being exposed to gender violence. Epidemiologically, parental separation is associated to the probability of falling below the poverty line 33.9%; being exposed to gender violence 43.2%; and symptoms such as depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation interpersonal alienation, and social withdrawal, i.e., 20, 17, 27, 20, 19, and 35.5%, respectively. Inversely, self-control in social relations, and academic, emotional, physical, and family self-concept fell to 16, 32, 27, 22, and 37%, respectively. The interrelationship among these variables and the implications of these results for interventions are discussed.
Environmental control of microtubule-based bidirectional cargo transport

Inside cells, various cargos are transported by teams of molecular motors. Intriguingly, the motors involved generally have opposite pulling directions, and the resulting cargo dynamics is a biased stochastic motion. It is an open question how the cell can control this bias. Here we develop a model which takes explicitly into account the elastic coupling of the cargo with each motor. We show that bias can be simply controlled or even reversed in a counterintuitive manner via a change in the external force exerted on the cargo or a variation of the environmental properties. Furthermore, the superdiffusive behavior found at short time scales indicates the emergence of motor cooperation induced by cargo-mediated coupling.
Liver-specific microRNA-122

microRNA-122 (miR-122) was one of the first examples of a tissue-specific miRNA. It is highly expressed in liver, where it constitutes 70% of the total miRNA pool. miR-122 expression is specific to the vertebrate lineage, where the sequence of the mature miRNA is completely conserved. miR-122 is a target for extensive study due to its association with cholesterol metabolism and hepatocellular carcinoma, and its important role in promoting hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. This review will discuss the biogenesis and function of miR-122.
Cancer Stem Cells and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

The cancer stem cell hypothesis is becoming more widely accepted as a model for carcinogenesis. Tumours are heterogeneous both at the molecular and cellular level, containing a small population of cells that possess highly tumourigenic “stem-cell” properties. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), or tumour-initiating cells, have the ability to self-renew, generate xenografts reminiscent of the primary tumour that they were derived from, and are chemoresistant. The characterisation of the CSC population within a tumour that drives its growth could provide novel target therapeutics against these cells specifically, eradicating the cancer completely. There have been several reports describing the isolation of putative cancer stem cell populations in several cancers; however, no defined set of markers has been identified that conclusively characterises “stem-like” cancer cells. This paper highlights the current experimental approaches that have been used in the field and discusses their limitations, with specific emphasis on the identification and characterisation of the CSC population in epithelial ovarian cancer.
Visualization of electronic density of nanotube with AViz

The spatial volume occupied by an atom depends on its electronic density. Although this density can only be evaluated exactly for hydrogen-like atoms, there are many excellent algorithms and packages to calculate it numerically for other materials. Three-dimensional visualization of charge density is challenging, especially when several molecular/atomic levels are intertwined in space. In a recent project, we explored one approach to this: the extension of an analglyphic stereo visualization application based on the AViz package for hydrogen atoms and simple molecules to larger structures such as nanotubes. I will describe these techniques and demonstrate the use of analyglyphic stereo in AViz, [1, 2]. The use of AViz dot-mode visualization for electronic density was first developed in an undergraduate project about the hydrogen atom[3]. We then visualized the electronic density resulting from simulations of larger molecules and solids in the same way. Further studies [4] used a density functional theory approach to examine the electronic densities of simple molecules where there is no analytic solution. The next stage in our visualization development was to move to 3D stereo. Stereo Vision (SV) works by showing a different image to each eye, thus creating the illusion of a 3D image. AViz 6.1 [1, 5] incorporated the possibility of SV, and althoughmore than two colors are possible there remains some color washout, depending on color selection. The SV images generated by AViz, are best viewed using red-cyan anaglyphic glasses. An example of a simple stereo nanotube atomistic visualiztion is given in Figure 1. Stereo Visualization was applied to the electronic density of the hydrogen atom by Meital Kreif in [6]. The width of a nanotube wall is an essential parameter in order to scale up atomistic simulations into continuum models. In order to measure this, one needs to calculate the electronic density. For this calculation we selected the public domain code Quantum Espresso (QE) plane-wave DFT code [7] which has clear documentation of their format for the charge density. We chose the Figure 1: SV of nanotube.
An Improved Shape from Shading Algorithm

We propose an improved shape from shading (SFS) algorithm which is an extension of the recently published algorithm by Zheng and Chellappa [13]. A markedly more accurate estimate of the azimuth of the illumination source is presented. Depth reconstruction has been improved upon by using a new set of boundary conditions and adapting a more sophisticated technique for hierarchical implementation of the SFS algorithm. Errors at the boundaries of images and in rotation of the reconstructed images have been corrected. Typical results on synthetic and real images are presented.
Design and Implementation of a WLAN / CDMA 2000 Interworking Architecture

The combination of 3G and WLAN wireless technologies offers the possibility of achieving anywhere, anytime Internet access, bringing benefits to both end-users and service providers. In this article, we discuss interworking architectures for providing integrated service capability across the widely deployed 3G CDMA2000-based and 802.11-based networks. Specifically, we present two design choices for integration, namely tightly-coupled and loosely-coupled, and recommend the latter as a preferred option. We describe in detail the implementation of the loosely-coupled integrated network, which provides two kinds of roaming services, theSimpleIP service, and theMobile-IP service. We present in detail two new components used to build these services: a network element called WLAN integration gateway deployed in WLAN networks and a client software on the mobile device. For a mobile device with interfaces to both technologies, our system supports seamless handoff in presence of overlapping radio coverage.
Murine Kupffer cells. Mononuclear phagocytes deficient in the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates

Murine Kupffer cells (KC) were isolated by a high yield collagenase perfusion technique. The morphology, surface markers, and secretory products were typical of macrophages in other tissues. However, KC released negligible levels of H2O2 and O-2, in contrast to peritoneal macrophages. KC oxygen consumption was not increased by agents triggering a respiratory burst in peritoneal cells. Moreover, KC capacity to secrete reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), in contrast to Ia antigen expression, was not enhanced by exposure to lymphokines or recombinant gamma interferon. The selective defect in KC oxidative response was paralleled by impaired in vitro killing of Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites and Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes. Deficient secretion of ROI by KC might protect hepatocytes and erythrocytes from injury during endocytosis by KC, but might render the liver more susceptible to parasitization by organisms that are primarily killed through oxygen-dependent mechanisms.
User interactive segmentation with partially growing random forest

This paper proposes a novel approach for user interactive segmentation based on graph-cut, which improves the robustness against the initial parameter setting. The existing graph-cut based segmentation uses a parametric model to estimate the color distributions of foreground/background. However, the parametric model is sensitive to the predefined number of distribution models and can be easily biased by a wrong initialization. In this paper, we develop a non-parametric approach based on random forest to handle the biased initialization problem. In addition, we design a new structure of random forest referred to as partially growing random forest to reduce the training time. We compare the proposed approach quantitatively and qualitatively to the existing graph-cut based segmentation baseline, where our method shows a remarkable performance on the new colorful dataset as well as comparable results on the classical dataset.
Disrupting Qualitative Inquiry: Possibilities and Tensions in Educational Research. Critical Qualitative Research. Volume 10.

Methods of Data Collection, Representation, and Analysis This chapter concerns research on collecting, representing, and analyzing the data that underlie behavioral and social sciences knowledge. Such research, methodological in character, includes ethnographic and historical approaches, scaling, axiomatic measurement, and statistics, with its important relatives, econometrics and psychometrics. The field can be described as including the self
Temporary Depletion of Microglia during the Early Postnatal Period Induces Lasting Sex-Dependent and Sex-Independent Effects on Behavior in Rats

Abstract Microglia are the primary immune cells of the brain and function in multiple ways to facilitate proper brain development. However, our current understanding of how these cells influence the later expression of normal behaviors is lacking. Using the laboratory rat, we administered liposomal clodronate centrally to selectively deplete microglia in the developing postnatal brain. We then assessed a range of developmental, juvenile, and adult behaviors. Liposomal clodronate treatment on postnatal days 0, 2, and 4 depleted microglia with recovery by about 10 days of age and induced a hyperlocomotive phenotype, observable in the second postnatal week. Temporary microglia depletion also increased juvenile locomotion in the open field test and decreased anxiety-like behaviors in the open field and elevated plus maze. These same rats displayed reductions in predator odor–induced avoidance behavior, but increased their risk assessment behaviors compared with vehicle-treated controls. In adulthood, postnatal microglia depletion resulted in significant deficits in male-specific sex behaviors. Using factor analysis, we identified two underlying traits—behavioral disinhibition and locomotion—as being significantly altered by postnatal microglia depletion. These findings further implicate microglia as being critically important to the development of juvenile and adult behavior.
Optical strain based recognition of subtle emotions

This paper presents a novel method to recognize subtle emotions based on optical strain magnitude feature extraction from the temporal point of view. The common way that subtle emotions are exhibited by a person is in the form of visually observed micro-expressions, which usually occur only over a brief period of time. Optical strain allows small deformations on the face to be computed between successive frames although these subtle changes can be minute. We perform temporal sum pooling for each frame in the video to a single strain map to summarize the features over time. To reduce the dimensionality of the input space, the strain maps are then resized to a pre-defined resolution for consistency across the database. Experiments were conducted on the SMIC (Spontaneous Micro-expression) Database, which was recently established in 2013. A best three-class recognition accuracy of 53.56% is achieved, with the proposed method outperforming the baseline reported in the original work by almost 5%. This is the first known optical strain based classification of micro-expressions. The closest related work employed optical strain to spot micro-expressions, but did not investigate its potential for determining the specific type of micro-expression.
Experience with a distributed file system implementation

This paper highlights some of the lessons learned during the course of implementing xFS, a fully distributed le system. xFS is an interesting case study for two reasons. First, xFS's serverless architecture leads to more complex distributed programming issues than are faced by traditional client-server operating system services. Second, xFS implements a complex, multithreaded service that is tightly coupled with the underlying operating system. This combination turned out to be quite challenging. On one hand, the complexity of the system forced us to turn to distributed programming tools based on formal methods to verify the correctness of our distributed algorithms; on the other hand the complex interactions with the operating system on individual nodes violated some of the tools' assumptions, making it di cult to use them in this environment. Furthermore, the xFS system tested the limits of abstractions such as threads, RPC, and vnodes that have traditionally been used in building distributed le systems. Based on our experience, we suggest several strategies that should be followed by those wishing to build distributed operating systems services, and we also indicate several areas where programming tools and operating system abstractions might be improved.
Filtering edge for exploration of large graphs

Visual clutter in the layout of a large graph is mainly caused by the overwhelming number of edges. Filtering is one of ways to reduce the clutter. We regard a filtered graph as the compressed one of an original graph. Based on this view, a filtering approach is presented to reduce the visual clutter of a layout in a way that hidden patterns can be revealed gradually. The experiments have demonstrated the performance of the proposed approach in our prototype system. As evidenced by real examples, the system allows users to explore a graph at adjustable, continuous levels of details in an interactive way. This new approach is able to reveal more hidden patterns in graphs than existing approaches, providing a new way to gain insights into graph data.
THE ROLE OF THE CHILD REARING BEHAVIORS IN PREDICTION OF THE ADULT ATTACHMENT ANXIETY AND ATTACHMENT AVOIDANCE

In this study we were aimed to examination between attachment dimensions (attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) and some demographics (age, working status, duration of marriage and the person helping the mother with childcare) in prediction of child rearing behaviours(inductive reasoning, punishment, obedience-demanding and warmth). The sample consist of 230 mothers whose child in early childhood educational settings. “Personal Information Form”, “Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory II (ECRI II)”:”Child Rearing Questionnaire” were utilized to conduct to data. Data were analyzed using Pearson's product-moment correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Research findings revealed that attachment anxiety is the predictor of mothers’ obedience demanding and punishment behaviors besides, attachment avoidance is only predictor of mothers’ punishment behaviors. According to the results, it could be seen that attachment dimensions are an important predictor in terms of child rearing behaviors. The findings obtained from the study were discussed in the light of the related literature and some suggestions were made for future research. Article visualizations:
Instant Surface Reconstruction for Incremental SfM

We propose an instant reconstruction of 3D surface meshes for a set of images and their camera poses and sparse 3D points computed by structure from motion (SfM). We aim at the proposed method to be compatible with an incremental structure from motion system as it can immediately generate the 3D surface model seen from the latest view point recovered by SfM. The proposed method consists of four steps: reference and target image selection adaptive to so-far recovered surface models; triangular patch initialization by taking into account the scene structures; fast 3D pose estimation of each triangular patch using inverse compositional image alignment (ICIA); surface generation by robustly refining the 3D triangular patches and integrating into pieces of surface meshes. The surface reconstruction results are shown on real image datasets of indoor as well as outdoor scenes and compared with the state of the art approach.
A Non-linear , Two-step Estimation Algorithm for Calibrating Solid-state Strapdown Magnetometers

This paper presents a new algorithm for calibrating modern, solid-state strapdown magnetometers. The traditional method for calibrating these sensors is a cumbersome procedure called “swinging” which involves leveling and rotating the vehicle containing the magnetometer through a series of known headings. The calibration procedure presented in this paper does not require any external reference. Furthermore, unlike the method of “swinging”, this calibration method performs the calibration in the magnetic field domain and not the heading domain. This makes the algorithm applicable for cases where the magnetometer is used in applications other than heading determination. The calibration algorithm uses an estimator where the states are the various sensor errors. These states in the estimator are hard iron biases, soft iron biases, and scale factor errors. This calibration procedure is implemented using a non-linear two step estimator where the first step problem is solved by using standard batch least squares linear estimation techniques and the second step is solved algebraically. This two step estimator outperforms an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) formulation. A low-cost magnetometer triad was used to collect data and experimentally validate the calibration algorithm. The non-linear two step estimator results in magnetometer calibration residual less than 0.005 Gauss which translates to heading errors on the order of 1 degree.