Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Navigation dans de grands ensembles non structurés de documents visuels. (Navigation in large unstructured collections of visual data)

Le but de cette these est de proposer et d’evaluer une representation 3D de collections non structurees de documents visuels. L'objectif est d’accroitre le confort visuel, de reduire le temps de recherche et de favoriser la memorisation des positions des documents, par rapport aux logiciels actuels de gestion de collections d'images. Avec une representation sous forme d'un cylindre vertical, nous avons concu 2 visualisations : les photographies sont plaquees sur la face interne ou externe du cylindre, pour implementer 2 metaphores courantes d’interaction, respectivement locomotion et manipulation. 3 etudes experimentales ont ete realisees, avec la meme methodologie : la realisation par les participants de 2 tâches courantes de recherche visuelle. La premiere etude est exploratoire, la seconde compare les 2 vues 3D plus finement et la derniere compare les vues 3D a une vue 2D classique. Dans cette derniere etude, l’usage d’un oculometre permet de comprendre les relations entre les caracteristiques geometriques des vues et les strategies visuelles des participants. Les participants preferent majoritairement les vues 3D. Les performances n'influent pas sur les preferences ; les caracteristiques geometriques statiques ont principalement ete mentionnees pour justifier les preferences. Les strategies de parcours visuel sont davantage influencees par la caracteristique dynamique des vues (i.e., defilement horizontal), ce qui avantage la vue interne. Enfin, les vues 3D garantissent un meilleur confort visuel, en offrant un meilleur guidage du regard (principalement la vue interne) et en minimisant les saccades desordonnees observees dans la vue 2D.
Improve Example-Based Machine Translation Quality for Low-Resource Language Using Ontology

In this research we propose to use ontology to improve the performance of an EBMT system for low-resource language pair. The EBMT architecture use (CSTs) and unknown word translation mechanism. CSTs consist of a chunk in source-language, a string in target-language, and word alignment information. For unknown word translation, we used WordNet hypernym tree and English-Bengali dictionary. CSTs improved the wide-coverage by 57 points and quality by 48.81 points in human evaluation. Currently 64.29% of the test-set translations by the system were acceptable. The combined solutions of CSTs and unknown words generated 67.85% acceptable translations from the test-set. Unknown words mechanism improved translation quality by 3.56 points in human evaluation.
An Information-Theoretic Explanation of Adjective Ordering Preferences

Across languages, adjectives are subject to ordering restrictions. Recent research shows that these are predicted by ad-jective subjectivity, but the question remains open why this is the case. We ﬁrst conduct a corpus study and not only replicate the subjectivity effect, but also ﬁnd a previously undocumented effect of mutual information between adjectives and nouns. We then describe a rational model of adjective use in which listeners explicitly reason about judgments made by different speakers, formalizing the notion of subjectivity as agreement between speakers. We show that, once incremental processing is combined with memory limitations, our model predicts effects both of subjectivity and mutual information. We con-ﬁrm the adequacy of our model by evaluating it on corpus data, ﬁnding that it correctly predicts ordering in unseen data with an accuracy of 96.2 %. This suggests that adjective ordering can be explained by general principles of human communication and language processing.
Medical Image Diagnosis of Lung Cancer by Deep Feedback GMDH-Type Neural Network

The deep feedback Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH)-type neural network is applied to the medical image diagnosis of lung cancer. The deep feedback GMDH-type neural network can identified very complex nonlinear systems using heuristic self-organization method which is a type of evolutionary computation. The deep neural network architectures are organized so as to minimize the prediction error criterion defined as Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) or Prediction Sum of Squares (PSS). In this algorithm, the principal component-regression analysis is used for the learning calculation of the neural network. It is shown that the deep feedback GMDH-type neural network algorithm is useful for the medical image diagnosis of lung cancer because deep neural network architectures are automatically organized using only input and output data.
Convergence of Standards of Living Across Indian States

Given the limitations using per capita income in evaluating social well being, this study measures standard of living by real per capita consumption and re-examines whether the standards of living across Indian States are converging or not. b -convergence is found for rural sectors of the states during the pre-liberalisation era. Similar result is obtained by combining the rural and urban areas of the states. In contrast, reform period shows opposite results. Furthermore, s -convergence shows that consumption inequality has increased over time.
Nonparametric MRI segmentation using mean shift and edge confidence maps

In this paper, a nonparametric statistical segmentation procedure based on the computation of the mean shift within the joint space-range feature representation of brain MR images is presented. The mean shift is a simple, nonparametric estimator, which can be implemented in a data-driven approach. The number of classes and other initialization parameters are not needed to compute the mean shift. The procedure estimates the local modes of the probability density function in order to define the cluster centers on the feature space. Local segmentation quality is improved by including a measure of edge confidence among adjacent segmented regions. This measure drives the iterative application of transitive closure operations on the region adjacency graph until convergence to a stable set of regions. In this manner, edge detection and region segmentation techniques are combined for the extraction of weak but significant edges from brain images. With the proposed methodology, the modes of the classes' distribution can be robustly estimated and homogeneous regions defined, but also fine borders are preserved. The main contribution of this work is the combined use of mean shift estimation, together with a robust, edge-oriented region fusion technique to delineate structures in brain MRI.
Visual tracking via sparse coding and spectral residual

This paper proposed a tracking algorithm based on sparse coding and spectral residual saliency under the framework of particle filtering. The proposed algorithm can be divided into three parts. Firstly, spectral residual is used to calculate a saliency map of the current frame and then compute the saliency score of each particle. Secondly, several particles are eliminated directly based on the differences between the saliency scores of the particles in the current frame and the target score in the prior frame. Thirdly, ScSPM is used to compute the observation vector for the rest particles and the tracking task is finished in the framework of particle filtering. Both quantitative and qualitative experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs favorably against the nine state-of-the-art trackers on ten challenging test sequences.
Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in liver‐transplanted children:Comparison of simplified procedures using 51Cr‐EDTA and endogenous markers with Sapirstein’s method as a reference standard

Berding G, Geisler S, Melter M, Marquardt P, Lühr A, Scheller F, Knoop BO, Pfister E‐D, Pape L, Bischoff L, Knapp WH, Ehrich JHH. Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in liver‐transplanted children: Comparison of simplified procedures using 51Cr‐EDTA and endogenous markers with Sapirstein’s method as a reference standard. Pediatr Transplantation 2010: 14:786–795. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Selection and evaluation of housekeeping genes as endogenous controls for quantification of mRNA transcripts in Theileria parva using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)

The reliability of any quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) experiment can be seriously compromised by variations between samples as well as between PCR runs. This usually result from errors in sample quantification, especially with samples that are obtained from different individuals and tissues and have been collected at various time intervals. Errors also arise from differences in qPCR efficiency between assays performed simultaneously to target multiple genes on the same plate. Consequently, the derived quantitative data for the target genes become distorted. To avoid this grievous error, an endogenous control, with relatively constant transcription levels in the target individual or tissue, is included in the qPCR assay to normalize target gene expression levels in the analysis. Several housekeeping genes (HKGs) have been used as endogenous controls in quantification studies of mRNA transcripts; however, there is no record in the literature of the evaluation of these genes for the tick-borne protozoan parasite, Theileria parva. Importantly, the expression of these genes should be invariable between different T. parva stocks, ideally under different experimental conditions, to gain extensive application in gene expression studies of this parasite. Thus, the expression of several widely used HKGs was evaluated in this study, including the genes encoding β-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), 28S rRNA, cytochrome b and fructose-2.6-biphosphate aldolase (F6P) proteins. The qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of genes encoding cytochrome b, F6P and GAPDH varied considerably between the two T. parva stocks investigated, the cattle-derived T. parva Muguga and the buffalo-derived T. parva 7014. 28S rRNA and β-actin gene expression was the most stable; thus, these genes were considered suitable candidates to be used as endogenous control genes for mRNA quantification studies in T. parva.
Relationship between Doing Business Index and Foreign Direct Investment

The importance of Doing Business Index indicators as a determinant of FDI has glimmered attention in determining their relationships. The present study intended to explore the relationships between Doing Business indexes and FDI. The study investigates the relationship between the foreign direct investment and six variables of doing business index of World Bank by using Johansen’s co-integration test, and Granger causality test. The Johansen’s co-integration test suggests that all the series under the study are found to be co-integrated of order one, indicating that there is a stable long-run equilibrium relationship in these series suggesting that the FDI has been co-integrated with the six variables under the study. The findings from Granger causality test suggest that all the six variables under the study of doing business index of World Bank does not Granger cause foreign direct investment in short run, however form the Johansen test of co-integration, it can be concluded that there is a long run relationship between the FDI and variables under the study.
Cross-corpus and cross-linguistic evaluation of a speaker-dependent DNN-HMM ASR system using EMA data

We test an hybrid Deep Neural Network - Hidden Markov Model (DNN-HMM) phone recognition system that uses measured articulatory features as additional observations on two English corpora and an Italian corpus. The three corpora contain simultaneous recordings of speech acoustics and EMA (Electro-magnetic Articulograph) data. We show that the additional articulatory features reconstructed from speech acoustics through an Acoustic-to-Articulatory Mapping, always produce a phone error reduction, with the exception of one single case where, however, the reconstruction accuracy of the articulatory features is signiﬁcantly lower than in all other cases. Error analysis shows that in all corpora the articulatory features positively affect the discrimination of almost all phonemes although some phonemic categories are clearly more affected than others.
Recent water temperature trends in the Lower Klamath River, California

Abstract Elevated water temperatures have been implicated as a factor limiting the recovery of anadromous salmonids in the Klamath River basin. This article reviews evidence of a multidecade trend of increasing temperatures in the lower main-stem Klamath River above the ocean and, based on model simulations, finds a high probability that water temperature has been increasing by approximately 0.5°C/decade (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42–0.60°C/decade) since the early 1960s. The season of high temperatures that are potentially stressful to salmonids has lengthened by about 1 month over the period studied, and the average length of main-stem river with cool summer temperatures has declined by about 8.2 km/decade. Water temperature trends seem unrelated to any change in main-stem water availability but are consistent with measured basinwide air temperature increases. Main-stem warming may be related to the cyclic Pacific Decadal Oscillation, but if this trend continues it might jeopardize the recovery of.
Towards Processing of the Oral History Interviews and Related Printed Documents

In this paper, we describe the initial stages of our project, the goal of which is to create an integrated archive of the recordings, scanned documents, and photographs that would be accessible online and would provide multifaceted search capabilities (spoken content, biographical information, relevant time period, etc.). The recordings contain retrospective interviews with the witnesses of the totalitarian regimes in Czechoslovakia, where the vocabulary used in such interviews consists of many archaic words and named entities that are now quite rare in everyday speech. The scanned documents consist of text materials and photographs mainly from the home archives of the interviewees or the archive of the State Security. These documents are usually typewritten or even handwritten and have really bad optical quality. In order to build an integrated archive, we will employ mainly methods of automatic speech recognition (ASR), automatic indexing and search in recognized recordings and, to a certain extent, also the optical character recognition (OCR). Other natural language processing techniques like topic detection are also planned to be used in the later stages of the project. This paper focuses on the processing of the speech data using ASR and the scanned typewritten documents with OCR and describes the initial experiments.
Lumbar Muscle Structure Predicts Operational Postures in Active‐Duty Marines

BACKGROUND: The relationship between lumbar spine posture and muscle structure is not well understood. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the predictive capacity of muscle structure on lumbar spine posture in active‐duty Marines. METHODS: Forty‐three Marines were scanned in this cross‐sectional study, using an upright magnetic resonance imaging scanner while standing without load and standing, sitting, and prone on elbows with body armor. Cobb, horizontal, and sacral angles were measured. Marines were then scanned while unloaded in supine using a supine magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The imaging protocol consisted of T2 intervertebral disc mapping; high‐resolution, anatomical, fat‐water separation, and diffusion tensor imaging to quantify disc hydration and muscle volume, fat fraction, and restricted diffusion profiles in the lumbar muscles. A stepwise multiple linear regression model was used to identify physiological measures predictive of lumbar spine posture. RESULTS: The multiple regression model demonstrated that fractional anisotropy of the erector spinae was a significant predictor of lumbar posture for 7 of 18 dependent variables measured, and explained 20% to 35% of the variance in each model. Decreased fractional anisotropy of the erector spinae predicted decreased lordosis, lumbosacral extension, and anterior pelvic tilt. CONCLUSION: Fractional anisotropy is inversely related with muscle fiber size, which is associated with the isometric force‐generating capacity of a muscle fiber. This suggests that stronger erector spinae muscles predict decreased lordosis, lumbosacral extension, and anterior pelvic tilt in a highly trained population.
When does the straw break the camel's back?: Examination of the exclusion-elicited anti-social behavior model

Being excluded should motivate pro-social behaviors. Yet, exclusion can incite aggressive and anti-social responses. Two studies were conducted to examine how frequent experiences of exclusion impact self-esteem, perceptions that exclusion is typical of social experiences, and anti-social behaviors. In Study 1, participants completed pre and post-measures of exclusion typicality and self-esteem and reported, over eight weeks, feelings of exclusion and state self-esteem. Results supported the hypotheses in that experiences feeling excluded have direct and indirect effects on state and trait self-esteem as well as on exclusion typicality. In Study 2, participants were exposed to an exclusion manipulation and subsequent aggressive and anti-social behaviors were assessed. Results were inconsistent with hypotheses that exclusion typicality and self-esteem would moderate responses to exclusion. Discussion focuses on the implications for a model of exclusion elicited anti-social behaviors.
Software developers' information needs: towards the development of intelligent recommender systems

Software development is a process which is significantly reliable on information and in the context of the Internet on Information Retrieval (IR) tools. Approximately 20%-30% of work time of software developers is spent on information retrieval and this proportion would be significantly higher if it were not for time constraints and pressure to deliver code. Even though a number of IR solutions exist, 86% of work-related search sessions start with a general purpose search engine. Therefore there exists a significant potential for research and development of ubiquitous, domain specific tools to support the IR process. This paper discusses how the knowledge of work tasks and information needs of software developers can be used to deliver ubiquitous, highly contextsensitive search and intelligent recommendation tools. We present a detailed review of software developers' work related tasks and habits. We also discuss factors that can be used as implicit feedback indicators for further collaborative filtering.
Comparing the web and mobile platforms of a social Q&A service from the user's perspective

As an increasing number of users have acquired information across the web and mobile platforms for social question and answering (QA mobile users perceive higher affinity with Zhihu.com than web users; and mobile users perceive higher information-seeking intention than web users do. ,Regarding the theoretical aspect, this study proposes a conceptual framework for comparison between the web and mobile platforms of social Q&A from the user’s perspective. Regarding the practical aspect, the comparative results of this study could give social Q&A service providers useful information about users’ differences between web and mobile platforms of social Q&A services.
The Relation Between Curvature, Rate State-Dependence, and Detonation Velocity

The paper considers the effect of rate state-dependence and curvature on detonation velocity and detonation structure in the quasi-steady quasi-one-dimensional limit. Extensions of prior results of Bdzil and Stewart [Combustion and Flame, 72 (1988), pp. 311–323] and [Mathematical Modelling in Combustion Science, Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 249, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, New York, 1988, pp. 17–30] as well as the correct analysis of the problem for Arrhenius kinetics, originally considered by Wood and Kirkwood [J. Chem. Phys., 22 (1954), pp. 1920–1924] are given. New formulas for large activation energy are obtained. The latter half of the paper provides a derivation of the relevant front evolution equations and of the simplified asymptotic equations using Whitham’s shock ray coordinates.
Modified Public Auditing with Privacy Preservation for Shared Data in Cloud Computing

Cloud data services, it is not only stored in the cloud but also multiple users to share the data across the common. The integrity of data and human cloud hardware/software failures is under suspicion because of the existence of Errors. Public shared data with the existing mechanism on the integrity of the audit will reveal confidential information essentially identity privacy public for verifiers. This paper have a novel privacy protection mechanisms shared data stored in the cloud can offer support to public audit. Shared data is necessary to verify the accuracy of the audit to calculate the metadata exploit ring signatures. These systems are shared with the public to identify each data block signature verifiers which efficiently retrieving the entire file without verifying the integrity of the shared data are kept private. In addition to this mechanism is able to perform multiple auditing tasks simultaneously instead of verifying them one by one and using multiple public verifier to improve the efficiency of auditing task and also using CP-ABE Algorithm between user and cloud server to and the protect user confidential data.The experimental results when sharing data integrity auditing effectiveness and demonstrate the efficiency of this system.
Self-Assembled Composite Langmuir Films via Fluorine-Containing Bola-Type Derivative with Metal Ions

The design and preparation of functional bolaamphiphile-based composite films are of key importance for application in a wide variety of fields. This study demonstrates a new approach to constructing composite films by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method using a fluorine-containing bola-type diacid derivative with different metal ions. The bola-type molecule we used could be spread on water surfaces and metal ion subphases to fabricate various nanostructured ultrathin films. The obtained data demonstrated that the employed metal ions, including Ag(I), Cu(II), and Eu(III) ions in subphase solutions, can regulate the organized molecular stacking and form interfacial nanostructures deposited in LB films. It was found that the interfacial coordinating interactions can easily occur between carboxyl groups in a molecular skeleton with metal ions in the formed composite films. The formation of composite films was confirmed by changes in the surface pressure-area isotherms, morphologies, and spectra of the transferred LB films. While various research works have achieved the regulation of functions and nanostructures of sophisticated bola-type compounds, we here demonstrate a simple routine to modulate the nanostructures and organized packing of bola-type compounds composite films by changing the metal ions in subphase solutions.
Marburg Virus Infection in Egyptian Rousette Bats, South Africa, 2013–2014

We detected a high seroprevalence of Marburg virus (MARV) antibodies in fruit bats in South Africa; 19.1% of recaptured bats seroconverted. The MARV RNA isolated closely resembled the 1975 Ozolin strain. These findings indicate endemic MARV circulation in bats in South Africa and should inform policies on MARV disease risk reduction.