Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bacterial flagellar filaments and their component flagellins.

Introduction: the basic design . 45 1 Variation in filament form and function . 452 Mechanisms of motility . 452 Fine-tuning the mechanisms . 453 Navigation . 455 Functions other than motility . 456 Sheathed flagella . 457 Filament construction . 458 Flagellum assembly . 458 Flagellin composition of filaments . 459 Archaeobacterial flagellins . 460 Eubacterial flagellins . 460 Flagellin homology and diversity . 460 Immunological and copolymerization studies . 461 Flagellin sequences . 461 Amino acid composition . 461 Sequence homology and consensus residues . 463 An ancestral flagellin? 463 A "hairpin" model of flagellin molecular folding . 463 More refined models . 464 a-Helical domains of polymerized flagellin . 465 Consensus residues . 465 Predictions of flagellin secondary structure . 466 Structure and export of axial components . 466 How variable is the molecule's central domain? 466 Roles of the flagellin central domain . 467 Concluding remarks . 468
An overview of 38 least squares–based frameworks for structural damage tomography

The ability to reliably detect damage and intercept deleterious processes, such as cracking, corrosion, and plasticity are central themes in structural health monitoring. The importance of detecting such processes early on lies in the realization that delays may decrease safety, increase long-term repair/retrofit costs, and degrade the overall user experience of civil infrastructure. Since real structures exist in more than one dimension, the detection of distributed damage processes also generally requires input data from more than one dimension. Often, however, interpretation of distributed data—alone—offers insufficient information. For this reason, engineers and researchers have become interested in stationary inverse methods, for example, utilizing distributed data from stationary or quasi-stationary measurements for tomographic imaging structures. Presently, however, there are barriers in implementing stationary inverse methods at the scale of built civil structures. Of these barriers, a lack of available straightforward inverse algorithms is at the forefront. To address this, we provide 38 least-squares frameworks encompassing single-state, two-state, and joint tomographic imaging of structural damage. These regimes are then applied to two emerging structural health monitoring imaging modalities: Electrical Resistance Tomography and Quasi-Static Elasticity Imaging. The feasibility of the regimes are then demonstrated using simulated and experimental data.
Optimization of Fuzzy Job-shop Scheduling with Multi-process Routes and its Co-evolutionary Algorithm

This paper studies the job-shop scheduling problems of multi-process routes with fuzzy processing time and fuzzy due date, and establishes a fuzzy scheduling model to reach the optimization goals of maximum average satisfaction index. Then a co-evolutionary algorithm combined with genetic algorithm and discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm is presented, which improves the chromosome encoding scheme based on working procedure, with the idea of collaboration and the mechanism of feedback, this algorithm guides the evolutionary process of two populations which respectively use genetic algorithm and discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm in an effective and complementary way. The simulation results show that the co-evolutionary algorithm is a feasible method.
PAX 3-FOXO 1 Induces Cannabinoid Receptor 1 to Enhance Cell Invasion and Metastasis

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a muscle-derived childhood tumor characterized by production of oncogenic PAX3/7-FOXO1 chimeric transcription factors. While downstream targets of the PAX3-FOXO1 oncoprotein in ARMS have been defined, the functional relevance of these targets is unclear. Here, we show that upregulation of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (Cnr1/Cb1) by PAX3-FOXO1 in mouse primary myoblasts and ARMS cell lines, contributes to PAX3-FOXO1 phenotypes, both in vivo and in vitro. In primarymyoblasts, Cnr1was dispensable for PAX3-FOXO1 to mediate cell proliferation, differentiation, or transformation; however, Cnr1 function was essential to increase the invasive capacity conferred by PAX3-FOXO1 overexpression in these cells. Genetic or pharmacologic abrogation of Cnr1 inhibited the enhanced basement membrane invasion induced by PAX3-FOXO1. Cnr1 loss by either route also dramatically reduced lungmetastasis formation. Taken together, our findings strongly implicate Cnr1 as a novel tractable target to inhibit ARMS invasion and metastasis. Cancer Res; 71(24); 1–10. 2011 AACR.
Multi-finger surface visuo-haptic rendering using electrostatic stimulation with force-direction sensing gloves

This article describes a new prototype of multi-touch surface visuo-haptic system using in-direct electrostatic stimulation. The prototype consists of a 40-inch large LCD monitor and a pair of operation gloves which are equipped with force generation pads, motion detection markers, and force-direction sensors. A user wearing the gloves can experience multi-finger passive haptic feedback from virtual objects on the monitor with four fingers independently. The article also discusses several rendering algorithms for static objects, textured surfaces, and dynamic objects. Utilizing force direction in haptic rendering, the system can solve the sticky wall problem which is commonly found in passive haptic systems. In rendering of dynamic objects, however, an interesting phenomenon named as “object stiction” was newly found, which would be unique to multi-finger passive haptic displays.
Improved Concentration Bounds for Count-Sketch

We present a refined analysis of the classic Count-Sketch streaming heavy hitters algorithm [CCF02]. Count-Sketch uses O(k log n) linear measurements of a vector x e Rn to give an estimate x of x. The standard analysis shows that this estimate x satisfies Vx-xV2/∞, where x[k] is the vector containing all but the largest k coordinates of x. Our main result is that most of the coordinates of x have substantially less error than this upper bound; namely for any c < O(log n), we show that each coordinate i satisfies [EQUATION] with probability 1--2-Ω(c), as long as the hash functions are fully independent. This subsumes the previous bound and is optimal for all c. Using these improved point estimates, we prove a stronger concentration result for set estimates by first analyzing the covariance matrix and then using a median-of-median-of-medians argument to bootstrap the failure probability bounds. These results also give improved results for e2 recovery of exactly k-sparse estimates x* when x is drawn from a distribution with suitable decay such as a power law or lognormal. We complement our results with simulations of Count-Sketch on a power law distribution. The empirical evidence indicates that our theoretical bounds give a precise characterization of the algorithm's performance: the asymptotics are correct and the associated constants are small. Our proof shows that any symmetric random variable with finite variance and positive Fourier transform concentrates around 0 at least as well as a Gaussian. This result, which may be of independent interest, gives good concentration even when the noise does not converge to a Gaussian.
H\"lder-Sobolev regularity of the solution to the stochastic wave equation in dimension 3

We study the sample path regularity of the solution of a stochastic wave equation in spatial dimension $d=3$. The driving noise is white in time and with a spatially homogeneous covariance defined as a product of a Riesz kernel and a smooth function. We prove that at any fixed time, a.s. the sample paths in the spatial variable belong to certain fractional Sobolev spaces. In addition, for any fixed $x\in\IR^3$, the sample paths in time are H\"older continuous functions. Hence, we obtain joint H\"older continuity in the time and space variables. Our results rely on a detailed analysis of properties of the stochastic integral used in the rigourous formulation of the spde, as introduced by Dalang and Mueller (2003). Sharp results on one and two dimensional space and time increments of generalized Riesz potentials are a crucial ingredient in the analysis of the problem. For spatial covariances given by Riesz kernels, we show that the H\"older exponents that we obtain are optimal.
WiFi-Mesh throughput validation

Wireless Mesh Network, an emerging technology, is a special type of wireless ad-hoc network that effectively provides broadband Internet Access and network connectivity using existing inexpensive technology [1]. Information is relayed in a multi-hop fashion from one mesh node to another. These mesh nodes are stationary and can be used to provide connectivity to stationary or mobile clients. Mesh nodes with multiple radios and multiple channels can be employed to increase the throughput for each client. This can be achieved through good channel assignment making sure that a node can send and receive at the same time, hence increasing the throughput. The nodes in a mesh network are mostly stationary which makes it simpler to determine the throughput and other characteristics. Since mesh network is essentially multihop, and throughput can be increased using multiple channels and multiple radio, a validation of the throughput for different topologies on the real mesh testbed will provide a good understanding and analysis of theoretical concepts. Using simulation to understand the ideal circumstances and comparing these with the actual characteristics of the testbed will be a good hands-on learning experience. The goal of this project is to simulate various topologies for the mesh network which includes various combinations of single hop, multiple hop, multiple radio and multiple channels and analyze the behavior for each , based on theoretical concepts. Then we setup the same scenarios in the actual testbed and analyze its behavior compared to the ideal behavior generated by simulation. This will help us to understand the differences in the ideal and practical circumstances due to the unpredictable wireless medium.
A New Blondin System for Surveying and Photogrammetry

The main objective of the system presented in this paper is to provide surveyors and engineers with a new photogrammetry device that can be easily integrated with surveying total stations and a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) infrastructure at a construction site, taking advantage of their accuracy and overcoming limitations of aerial vehicles with respect to weight, autonomy and skilled operator requirements in aerial photogrammetry. The system moves between two mounting points, in a blondin ropeway configuration, at the construction site, taking pictures and recording the data of the position and the orientation along the cable path. A cascaded extended Kalman filter is used to integrate measurements from the on-board inertial measurement unit (IMU), a GPS and a GNSS. Experimental results taken in a construction site show the system performance, including the validation of the position estimation, with a robotic surveying total station, or the creation of a digital surface model (DSM), using the emergent structure from motion (SfM) techniques and open software. The georeferencing of the DSM is performed based on estimated camera position or using ground control points (GCPs).
Towards the Physics of Calcium Signalling in Plants

Calcium is an abundant element with a wide variety of important roles within cells. Calcium ions are inter- and intra-cellular messengers that are involved in numerous signalling pathways. Fluctuating compartment-specific calcium ion concentrations can lead to localised and even plant-wide oscillations that can regulate downstream events. Understanding the mechanisms that give rise to these complex patterns that vary both in space and time can be challenging, even in cases for which individual components have been identified. Taking a systems biology approach, mathematical and computational techniques can be employed to produce models that recapitulate experimental observations and capture our current understanding of the system. Useful models make novel predictions that can be investigated and falsified experimentally. This review brings together recent work on the modelling of calcium signalling in plants, from the scale of ion channels through to plant-wide responses to external stimuli. Some in silico results that have informed later experiments are highlighted.
Dynamics of predatory and herbivorous insects at the farm scale: the role of cropped and noncropped habitats

Natural enemy conservation is known to be affected by ecological processes that range from local to landscape scales. At the farm scale, there are cropped and noncropped areas that differ in their management and plant diversity; these differences affect the spatiotemporal dynamics of natural enemies. We investigated how different habitat types can affect the conservation and spatial dynamics of predatory and herbivore insects in organic vegetable crops in Brazil. Insects were simultaneously sampled in two cropped (focal and neighbourhood crops) and two noncropped habitats (fallow and native forests) during five consecutive focal crop cycles. We found a higher species richness of predators and herbivores in noncropped habitats. All of the habitats shared species from both functional groups throughout the year, indicating that species could disperse among habitats. Fallow areas can serve as a source and sink for species migrating to/from cropped habitats where predators and herbivores can numerically increase their populations during the crop cycles. The spatiotemporal dynamics of herbivores and predators depend on the management and maintenance of natural, seminatural and cropped habitats within the farm.
Comparative Assessment of Drag & Lift Force on Naca 66(2)-015 Airfoil Model by Computational Fluid Dynamics and Experimental Method

In this paper modelling and simulation of an airfoil problem related to the CFD as well as wind tunnel experimentation has been studied briefly. The analysis of symmetric and cambered airfoil i.e. NACA 662_015 at different angle of attack (AOA) and for different approaching flow velocity, using wind tunnel setup for experimentation and ANSYS-Fluent for computational study is showcased. For simulation, 3D models were created in solid work and analysis was done in ANSYS-Fluent tool. The experiments were conducted in wind tunnel where lift and drag forces for various AOA are quantified. Coefficient of lift, drag and other characteristics are measured for 25 m/s, 30 m/s and 35m/s free stream velocity, and for each velocity case the AOA is varied from 0 degree to 14-degree with an interval of 2 degrees. Also, the variations in aerodynamic forces for both symmetric and cambered airfoils were highlighted. Keywords— NACA, airfoil, ANSYS, Wind Tunnel
Hop count analysis of location aided multihop routing protocols for VANETs

Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is an important technology for future development of intelligent transportation systems. VANETs are being used as a tool for improving road safety by warning the drivers about accidents occurred ahead of them or for providing internet access to the passengers via gateways along the road. Although VANET is an application of MANETs but routing of data packets is more challenging in VANETs. This is because of frequent change in network topology due to the highly-dynamic nature of vehicular nodes. Researchers have developed various routing protocols for VANETs and hop count among others is considered as an important metric in evaluating these protocols. LAR (Location Aided Routing) and D-LAR (Directional-LAR) protocols are well known position based routing protocols for VANETs. In this paper we have proposed another protocol which is an important extension of D-LAR and which improves upon hop count in comparison to both LAR and D-LAR protocols. This protocol uses distance in addition to the directional routing strategy to select the next hop node, which results in a stable and shorter route. We have devised a generic HopCount Algorithm to compare the three protocols. Simulations are done to corroborate algorithmic analysis for multiple scenarios which depict dense environment. Performance results clearly depict that DD-LAR outperforms the other two protocols and with an increase in transmission range or vehicular density, hop count value is further reduced.
Lack of Glyphosate Resistance Gene Transfer from Roundup Ready® Soybean to Bradyrhizobium japonicum under Field and Laboratory Conditions

A fi eld study was conducted at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center to determine the effect of transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean in combination with herbicide (Roundup) application on its endosymbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum. DNA of bacteroids from isolated nodules was analysed for the presence of the transgenic 5-enolpyruvylshikimate- 3-phosphate synthase (CP4-EPSPS) DNA sequence using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To further assess the likelihood that the EPSPS gene may be transferred from the Roundup Ready® (RR) soybean to B. japonicum, we have examined the natural transformation efficiency of B. japonicum strain 110spc4. Analyses of nodules showed the presence of the transgenic EPSPS DNA sequence. In bacteroids that were isolated from nodules of transgenic soybean plants and then cultivated in the presence of glyphosate this sequence could not be detected. This indicates that no stable horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of the EPSPS gene had occurred under field conditions. Under laboratory conditions, no natural transformation was detected in B. japonicum strain 110spc4 in the presence of various amounts of recombinant plasmid DNA. Our results indicate that no natural competence state exists in B. japonicum 110spc4. Results from field and laboratory studies indicate the lack of functional transfer of the CP4-EPSPS gene from glyphosate-tolerant soybean treated with glyphosate to root-associated B. japonicum
Linear Tail-Biting Trellis and Its Sectionalization

In this paper, we discuss the sectionalization in linear tail-biting trellis. In [3], Lafourcade and Vardy investigated the basic property of sectionalization in conventional trellis. Their proofs of basic properties are based on conventional trellis structure which fails to be generalized to linear tail-biting trellis. We derive our proofs from the construction of Koetter-Vardy(KV) trellis in [1]. All properties of sectionalization in conventional trellis are preserved in linear tail-biting trellis. Especially, we prove the necessary condition of an optimal sectionalization in linear tail-biting trellis.
Three Layer Evolution Model for XML Stored in Relational Databases

XML-relational systems with well defined XML and relational schemas are widely used in industry. In the presence of rapidly changing requirements both schemas of such a model need continuous evolution, which can be performed by a formal framework that describes the evolution of the mutually dependent schema pairs of the system as sequences of elementary schema transformations. There are a number of common tasks, like relational schema performance tuning, XML syntax clean-up, etc that stand apart from changes of semantics of the schemas. We discuss a framework with three layers of operations: the changes in XML schema only, the semantic changes that affect both schemas, and the changes that affect relational schema only. We show how the layered framework allows to formalize and address the above mentioned tasks. We consider the formal quality of the solutions of the tasks that may be achieved inside the framework.
Sensor-Based Activity Recognition with Dynamically Added Context

An activity recognition system essentially processes raw sensor data and maps them into latent activity classes. Most of the previous systems are built with supervised learning techniques and pre-defined data sources, and result in static models. However, in realistic and dynamic environments, original data sources may fail and new data sources become available, a robust activity recognition system should be able to perform evolution automatically with dynamic sensor availability in dynamic environments. In this paper, we propose methods that automatically incorporate dynamically available data sources to adapt and refine the recognition system at run-time. The system is built upon ensemble classifiers which can automatically choose the features with the most discriminative power. Extensive experimental results with publicly available datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods.
Comparative Analysis of Different Deblurring Techniques

— Cameras shake during exposure time results in unpleasant image blur and is reason of rejection of many photographs. Typical blind deconvolution methods assume frequency-domain constraints on images, or extremely basic parametric forms for the motion trail during camera shake. Actual camera motion trajectory can follow convoluted path, and a spatial domain prior can preserve prominent image characteristics. A blurred image can be recognized as a convolution function of a sharp image and a blur kernel or PSF. So in order to recover the sharp image we need to split the image into its blur kernel and sharp image. The problem lies with the blur kernel estimation. Few methods assume a uniform camera blur over the image and negligible in-plane camera rotation. This unknown blur kernel estimation is called as the Blind deconvolution. Most of the deblurring techniques make use of these concepts. Few months uses sensors to calculate this blur Kernel. Paper aims reviewing all the contemporary techniques for blind and non-blind image deblurring. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 gives a literature review on certain deblurring techniques based on its strengths and weaknesses. Section 3 compares the different schemes by criteria’s.
A possible new focus for stroke treatment – migrating stem cells

Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality in the US. More so, its infliction often leaves patients with lasting morbidity and deficits. Ischemic stroke comprises nearly 90% of incidents and the majority of medical treatment aims at reestablishing perfusion and preventing recurrence. Areas covered: Long-term options for neurorestoration are limited by the infancy of their innovative approach. Accumulating evidence suggests the therapeutic potential of stem cells in neurorestoration, however, proper stem cell migration remains a challenge in translating stem cell therapy from the laboratory to the clinic. In this paper, we propose the role that exogenous stem cell transplantation may serve in facilitating the migration of endogenous stem cells to the site of injury, an idea termed ‘biobridge’. Expert opinion: Recent research in the field of traumatic brain injury has provided a foundational understanding that, through the use of exogenous stem cells, native tissue architecture may be manipulated by proteinases to allow better communication between the endogenous sites of neural stem cells and the regions of injury. There is still much to be learned about these mechanisms, though it is the devastating nature of stroke that necessitates continued research into the prospective therapeutic potential of this novel approach.