Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Context on Processing of Turkish Subject and Object Relative Clauses

Yapisal olarak karmasik tumcelerin islenmesinin nasil gerceklestiginin anlasilmasi psikodilbilim alaninin temel hedeflerinden biridir. Bu alanda siklikla arastirilan konulardan biri karmasik yapilarindan olan ozne ve nesne ortaclarinin islenmesidir. (Traxler, Morris ve Seely, 2002; Chien-Jer ve Bever, 2006). Sozkonusu calismalarda cogunlukla ortaclar baglam icinde incelenmektedir ve arastirmalarda ulasilan genel sonuca gore pek cok dilde ozne ortaclari nesne ortaclarindan daha kolay islenmektedir (i.e., Chinese: Lin and Bever, 2006; Dutch: Frazier, 1987; German: Holmes and O’Regan, 1981; Hebrew: Arnon, 2005). Ote yandan son zamanlarda, Crain ve Steedmann tarafinden gelistirilen Gondergesel Kuram (1985) temel alinarak bazi calismalarda ortac iceren tumceler baglamda verilmekte ve tumcelerin baglamdan uzakta verildigi calismalarda ulasilan sonuclardan farkli sonuclara varilmaktadir (Yang, Mo ve Louwerse, 2012). Bu calismanin amaci, Turkce ozne ve nesne ortaclari iceren tumceleri hem baglam olmaksizin hem de baglaminda deneklere sunarak ortaclarin islenmesinde baglamin bir farkliliga neden olup olmadigini sinamak ve ozne ve nesne ortaclarina iliskin olarak elde edilen sonuclarin incelenmesidir. Calismaya ana dili Turkce olan ve herhangi bir gorme bozuklugu bulunmayan 53 denek katilmistir. Katilimcilar elverisli ornekleme teknigi ile secilmistir. Calismanin verileri Tobii teknolojili bir goz izlemcisi kullanilarak toplanmistir. Katilimcilara 16 adet baglam icinde ve 16 adet de baglam disinda olmak uzere toplam 32 adet deney tumcesi sunulmustur. Ayrica, ortac icermeyen toplam 32 adet doldurma tumcesi de deneyde kullanilmistir. Katilimcilardan deneyde baglam olmaksizin ve baglam icinde verilen tumceleri okumalari istenmistir. Katilimcilarin goz hareketleri, gozlerini tumceye ve tumcelere ne kadar odakladiklari ve tumceyi ve tumceleri daha iyi anlamak icin birden fazla okuma yapip yapmadiklari goz izlemcisi tarafindan kaydedilmistir. Katilimcilara ayrica her bir tumcenin ve tumcelerin ardindan kavrama sorulari sorulmustur. Calismada elde veriler Friedman Testi uygulanarak cozumlenmistir. Ulasilan bulgular baglamdan uzak verilen tumcelerde her iki ortac turunun de baglam icinde verilen ortac turlerine oranla daha kolay islendigini gostermektedir. Bu durum baglamin deneklerin bilissel is yukunu artirdigini gostermektedir. Bulgular ayni zamanda baglamin ozne ortaclariyla nesne ortaclarinin baglamdan uzak kosulda ortaya koyduklari isleme farkini ortadan kaldirdigina da isaret etmektedir. Diger bir deyisle, nesne ortaclarinin ozne ortaclarindan daha guc islenmesi tumceler baglam icinde verildiginde ortadan kalkmaktadir. Her iki tur de baglam icinde verildiginde kavrama sorulari benzer oranlarda yanlis cevaplanmaktadir. Ancak bu durum nesne ortaclarinin kavranmasinda kolaylik olarak degil, ozne ortaclarinin kavranmasinda zorluk seklinde gerceklesmektedir. Bu sonuclara dayali olarak Turkcede ortac turlerinin islenmesinde baglama iliskin bilgilerin etkisi olmadigi ileri surulebilir.
Gene Networks of Fully Connected Triads with Complete Auto-Activation Enable Multistability and Stepwise Stochastic Transitions

Fully-connected triads (FCTs), such as the Oct4-Sox2-Nanog triad, have been implicated as recurring transcriptional motifs embedded within the regulatory networks that specify and maintain cellular states. To explore the possible connections between FCT topologies and cell fate determinations, we employed computational network screening to search all possible FCT topologies for multistability, a dynamic property that allows the rise of alternate regulatory states from the same transcriptional network. The search yielded a hierarchy of FCTs with various potentials for multistability, including several topologies capable of reaching eight distinct stable states. Our analyses suggested that complete auto-activation is an effective indicator for multistability, and, when gene expression noise was incorporated into the model, the networks were able to transit multiple states spontaneously. Different levels of stochasticity were found to either induce or disrupt random state transitioning with some transitions requiring layovers at one or more intermediate states. Using this framework we simulated a simplified model of induced pluripotency by including constitutive overexpression terms. The corresponding FCT showed random state transitioning from a terminal state to the pluripotent state, with the temporal distribution of this transition matching published experimental data. This work establishes a potential theoretical framework for understanding cell fate determinations by connecting conserved regulatory modules with network dynamics. Our results could also be employed experimentally, using established developmental transcription factors as seeds, to locate cell lineage specification networks by using auto-activation as a cipher.
Loneliness in older persons: a theoretical model and empirical findings

Background: This study examines predictors of loneliness among low-income older adults through a framework named MODEL (Model of Depression and Loneliness), which we developed to address the need for a comprehensive and intervention-oriented theory of loneliness in old age. The framework is rooted in a cognitive-behavioral theory that conceptualizes behaviors as resulting from an interaction of cognitive processes and environmental events. Methods: 161 residents of five independent-living buildings for low-income older adults in Maryland were interviewed individually. The assessments were based on the theoretical framework, MODEL, which describes the influences that environmental resources, health, and psychological factors have on loneliness and depression. Results: MODEL explained a large percentage of the variance of both loneliness and depressed affect. Of all the barriers examined in the present study, our findings suggest that psychosocial factors/barriers have the strongest influence in the etiology of loneliness. Conclusion: In this population of low-income older persons, the importance of new contacts, mobility, and financial resources in predicting loneliness suggests that preventive social services should target these factors in developing opportunities for socialization.
Skewed vertical interleaving scheme to improve data reliability in die-stacked DRAM

3D die-stacking is a promising technique to address the well-known memory wall problem. As semiconductor processing technology scales down, data reliability become one of the most significant challenges to overcome to build robust memory system. Traditionally, the data reliability in memory has been achieved by employing effective data protection mechanisms such as a physical interleaving. When DRAMs are stacked, same fault tolerant mechanism can be applied to the memory system. However, unlike in 2D memory organization where multi-bit failures occur on the same horizontal plane, in 3D die-stacked DRAM they can occur vertically through multiple dies and the simple application of the physical inter leaving technique is no longer effective. This paper presents a die-stacked DRAM organization that uses the vertical inter leaving scheme to protect against vertical multi-bit failures.
A smart city cyber security platform for narrowband networks

Smart city is gaining a significant attention all around the world. Narrowband technologies would have strong impact on achieving the smart city promises to its citizens with its powerful and efficient spectrum. The expected diversity of applications, different data structures and high volume of connecting devices for smart cities increase the persistent need to apply narrowband technologies. However, narrowband technologies have recognized limitations regarding security which make them an attractive target to cyber-attacks. In this paper, a novel platform architecture to secure smart city against cyber attackers is presented. The framework is providing a threat deep learning-based model to detect attackers based on users data behavior. The proposed architecture could be considered as an attempt toward developing a universal model to identify and block Denial of Service (DoS) attackers in a real time for smart city applications.
A prospective evaluation of community acquired gastroenteritis in paediatric practices: impact and disease burden of rotavirus infection

AIMS To examine the disease burden and epidemiology of community acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis in Austrian children treated in a paediatric practice. METHODS A prospective, population based, multicentre study in four paediatric practices and two children's hospitals (Innsbruck and Leoben). Children ⩽ 48 months of age presenting with gastroenteritis during a six month period of rotavirus peak between December 1997 and May 1998 were included. Prospective testing of stool samples for rotavirus was performed using ELISA. RESULTS A total of 6969 children were enrolled; 171 (2.4%) had community acquired gastroenteritis. Of 144 children who could be included in further analysis, 49 (34%; median age 16.7 months) were rotavirus positive, and 95 (66%; median age 17.0 months) were rotavirus negative. Three of the rotavirus positive children (median age 14.6 months) were hospitalised. The severity of rotavirus positive gastroenteritis was significantly higher than that of rotavirus negative gastroenteritis. The incidence of community acquired gastroenteritis was 4.67 per 100 children per year, and of rotavirus positive gastroenteritis 1.33 per 100 children per year. CONCLUSION Rotavirus is a relevant cause of community acquired gastroenteritis in children aged 4 years and younger treated by a paediatrician. The data can be used as a basis for developing strategies to prevent infection.
A novel CoMP transmission mechanism for the downlink of LTE-A cellular networks

Introduced by long-term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) cellular systems, coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission has shown remarkable aptitude for improving network performance. This paper proposes a novel CoMP technique for the downlink of two-tier heterogeneous LTE-A cellular networks. Thorough investigation is carried out to evaluate its performance in terms of total throughput, energy efficiency and outage probability. The effect of interference is also taken in to consideration in this regard. The proposed technique combines both dynamic point selection (DPS) and joint transmission (JT) CoMP schemes. Under the proposed CoMP technique, multiple transmitting base stations (BSs) selected dynamically from available macrocells and small cells coordinate to jointly serve a user. Extensive simulations are carried out for evaluating the performance of cellular networks integrating the proposed CoMP technique and also compared with that of non-CoMP, only JT and only DPS based schemes.
Assessing Korean Consumers’ Valuation for Domestic and Imported Rice: Importance of Country of Origin and Food Miles Information

The aim of this paper is to determine Korean consumers’ valuation for domestic rice and imported rice from China and the US. Using revealed preference data from random nth price auction mechanism, our results generally suggest that consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for domestic rice is higher than the WTP for imported rice. Results also suggest that while country of origin and food miles information positively influences consumers’ WTP for domestic rice, country of origin information provides higher valuation for domestic rice than food miles information. Country of origin and food miles information has no statistically significant effect on WTP for the imported Chinese rice product but food miles information has a negative effect on WTP for the imported US rice product. Implications of the findings for rice industries for Korea, the US and China are discussed.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H5N1 in Mute Swans (Cygnus olor) in Central Bosnia

Abstract In order to determine the actual prevalence of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in wild birds in Bosnia and Herzegovina, extensive surveillance was carried out between October 2005 and April 2006. A total of 394 samples representing 41 bird species were examined for the presence of influenza A virus using virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs, PCR, and nucleotide sequencing. AIV subtype H5N1 was detected in two mute swans (Cygnus olor). The isolates were determined to be highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus and the hemagglutinin sequence was closely similar to A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast05-2-10/2005 (H5N1). This is the first report of HPAI subtype H5N1 in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Y‐chromosome lineages in São Tomé e Príncipe islands: Evidence of European influence

The Y‐chromosome haplogroup composition of the population of São Tomé e Príncipe (STP) archipelago was analyzed using 25 biallelic markers and compared with populations of different origins from Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Two main Y‐chromosome haplogroups were found: E3a, very common among sub‐Saharans accounts for 84.2% of the paternal lineages and R1b, typical of West Eurasia, represents 8.7% of the overall male population. Nevertheless, we detected in the population of STP a significant heterogeneous distribution of R1b among the two main ethnic groups of the archipelago: Forros (10.3%) and Angolares (6.6%). Together, haplogroups known to be prevalent in West Eurasia reach 12.5% of the chromosomes analyzed unequally distributed among the two groups: Forros present 17.7% while Angolares display only 8.2% of west Eurasian haplogroups. Our findings suggest that, despite its sub‐Saharan genetic background, a relevant contribution of European paternal lineages is present in nowadays STP population. This influence has shown to be stronger in Forros than in Angolares, which could be explained by the social isolation that these have last experienced through their history.Am. J. Hum. Biol. 19:422–428, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Knowledge management and innovation: networks and networking

Begins with a critical review of the literature on knowledge management, arguing that its focus on IT to create a network structure may limit its potential for encouraging knowledge sharing across social communities. Two cases of interactive innovation are contrasted. One focused almost entirely on using IT (intranet) for knowledge sharing, resulting in a plethora of independent intranets which reinforced existing organizational and social boundaries with electronic “fences”. In the other, while IT was used to provide a network to encourage sharing, there was also recognition of the importance of face‐to‐face interaction for sharing tacit knowledge. The emphasis was on encouraging active networking among dispersed communities, rather than relying on IT networks. Argues for a community‐based model of knowledge management for interactive innovation and contrasts this with the cognitive‐based view that underpins many IT‐led knowledge management initiatives.
Did the Hartz Reforms Speed-Up the Matching Process? A Macro- Evaluation Using Empirical Matching Functions

Abstract Starting in January 2003, Germany implemented the first two so-called Hartz reforms, followed by the third and fourth packages of Hartz reforms in January 2004 and January 2005, respectively. The aim of these reforms was to accelerate labor market flows and reduce unemployment duration.Without attempting to evaluate the specific components of these Hartz reforms, this paper provides a first attempt to evaluate the overall effectiveness of the first two reform waves, Hartz I/II and III, in speeding up the matching process between unemployed and vacant jobs. The analysis is conceptually rooted in the flow-based view underlying the reforms, estimating the structural features of the matching process. The results indicate that the reforms indeed had an impact in making the labor market more dynamic and accelerating the matching process.
Programmable self-assembly in a thousand-robot swarm

Large-scale robotic self-assembly When individuals swarm, they must somehow communicate to direct collective motion. Swarms of robots need to deal with outliers, such as robots that move more slowly than the rest. Rubenstein et al. created a large swarm of programmed robots that can form collaborations using only local information. The robots could communicate only with nearby members, within about three times their diameter. They were able to assemble into complex preprogrammed shapes. If the robots' formation hit snags when they bumped into one another or because of an outlier, additional algorithms guided them to rectify their collective movements. Science, this issue p. 795 A thousand-robot swarm can self-assemble into complex shapes through programmed local interactions. Self-assembly enables nature to build complex forms, from multicellular organisms to complex animal structures such as flocks of birds, through the interaction of vast numbers of limited and unreliable individuals. Creating this ability in engineered systems poses challenges in the design of both algorithms and physical systems that can operate at such scales. We report a system that demonstrates programmable self-assembly of complex two-dimensional shapes with a thousand-robot swarm. This was enabled by creating autonomous robots designed to operate in large groups and to cooperate through local interactions and by developing a collective algorithm for shape formation that is highly robust to the variability and error characteristic of large-scale decentralized systems. This work advances the aim of creating artificial swarms with the capabilities of natural ones.
Mesenteric Masses on 2D Mode and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: A Retrospective Study in 69 Patients

Abstract Purpose Detection of mesenteric masses (MM) by 2 D ultrasound often causes a diagnostic dilemma, and histological confirmation is required for definite diagnosis. The value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis of MMs has not been investigated before. Here, we retrospectively evaluate 2D-mode and CEUS patterns of 69 patients with histologically confirmed MMs. Materials and Methods Between January 2006 and January 2016, n = 69 patients were included in the study. Histopathological data, clinical data, 2D-mode ultrasound and CEUS enhancement were retrospectively analyzed. Results More than half of the MMs (n = 47/69, 68 %) revealed a malignant histology. The size of the MM, inflammation markers and clinical symptoms did not correlate with the histological outcome. 2 D mode revealed n = 46 (67 %) lesions as hypoechoic, n = 14 (20 %) as hyperechoic, and n = 9 (13 %) with a complex echo pattern. Hypoechogenicity and complex echo patterns as well as regular borders of MMs were significantly associated with malignancy (p < 0.05). On CEUS, malignant MMs showed arterial hyperenhancement (n = 11/47, 23 %), isoenhancement (n = 25/47, 52 %) and hypoenhancement (n = 7/47, 15 %). The majority of malignant MMs (n = 42/47, 89 %) revealed parenchymal hypoenhancement. Benign masses revealed arterial hyperenhancement in n = 1/22 (5 %), isoenhancement in n = 8/22 (36 %), and hypoenhancement in n = 10/22 (45 %). The majority of lesions showed parenchymal hypoenhancement (n = 19/22, 86 %). Conclusion Hypoechogenicity and complex echogenicity in 2 D mode, irregular borders, and parenchymal wash-out were more often associated with malignancy. However, CEUS did not help to subclassify malignant MMs according to their histological entity.
Assessment of Routine and Detailed Inspection of Tuberculous Lesions in Tuberculin Reactor Cattle

The present study was performed to determine the efficacy of meat inspection in detecting the infection with Mycobacterium bovis in the positive reactor animals to tuberculin skin test. A total number of cattle 2935 were tested with comparative cervical tuberculin skin test, out this number, 63 cases (2.15%) out of them were found positive for the test, 56 of the positive reactor cattle were slaughtered as the rest 7 cows were pregnant. The results of the routine meat inspection detected tuberculous lesions in 35 (62.5%) carcasses while inspection with the detailed method detected tuberculous lesions in 44 (78.6%) carcasses. These applied methods could aid in the control and eradication of bovine tuberculosis and prevent its spread to man and animals control and prevent its spread to man and animals.
Suppressed kindling epileptogenesis in mice with ectopic overexpression of galanin

The neuropeptide galanin has been shown to suppress epileptic seizures. In cortical and hippocampal areas, galanin is normally mainly expressed in noradrenergic afferents. We have generated a mouse overexpressing galanin in neurons under the platelet-derived growth factor B promoter. RIA and HPLC analysis revealed up to 8-fold higher levels of galanin in transgenic as compared with wild-type mice. Ectopic galanin overexpression was detected especially in dentate granule cells and hippocampal and cortical pyramidal neurons. Galanin-overexpressing mice showed retardation of seizure generalization during hippocampal kindling, a model for human complex partial epilepsy. The high levels of galanin in mossy fibers found in the transgenic mice were further increased after seizures. Frequency facilitation of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials, a form of short-term synaptic plasticity assessed in hippocampal slices, was reduced in mossy fiber–CA3 cell synapses of galanin-overexpressing mice, indicating suppressed glutamate release. This effect was reversed by application of the putative galanin receptor antagonist M35. These data provide evidence that ectopically overexpressed galanin can be released and dampen the development of epilepsy by means of receptor-mediated action, at least partly by reducing glutamate release from mossy fibers.
Visualization of Conductive Filament during Write and Erase Cycles on Nanometer-Scale ReRAM Achieved by In-Situ TEM

The paper shows clear evidence that in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used as a powerful tool to analyze ReRAM operation. Reproducible resistive switching of 100k cycles in 30- or 70-nm Cu-Te CBRAMs was achieved for the first time during in-situ TEM observation. A TEM sample of the CBRAM cells was processed by a focused ion beam method. The formation and rupture of a Cu filament was observed and analyzed in the TEM with energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) mapping. Since the overshoot current at the resistive switching was efficiently suppressed by a MOSFET placed in the TEM holder, stable and reproducible ReRAM switching operations were achieved in the TEM.
Perinuclear, perigranular and sub‐plasmalemmal mitochondria have distinct functions in the regulation of cellular calcium transport

We have identified three distinct groups of mitochondria in normal living pancreatic acinar cells, located (i) in the peripheral basolateral region close to the plasma membrane, (ii) around the nucleus and (iii) in the periphery of the granular region separating the granules from the basolateral area. Three‐dimensional reconstruction of confocal slices showed that the perigranular mitochondria form a barrier surrounding the whole of the granular region. Cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations initiated in the granular area triggered mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake mainly in the perigranular area. The most intensive uptake occurred in the mitochondria close to the apical plasma membrane. Store‐operated Ca2+ influx through the basolateral membrane caused preferential Ca2+ uptake into sub‐plasmalemmal mitochondria. The perinuclear mitochondria were activated specifically by local uncaging of Ca2+ in the nucleus. These mitochondria could isolate nuclear and cytosolic Ca2+ signalling. Photobleaching experiments indicated that different groups of mitochondria were not luminally connected. The three mitochondrial groups are activated independently by specific spatiotemporal patterns of cytosolic Ca2+ signals and can therefore participate in the local regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis and energy supply.