Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overview of Special Issue

This special issue of SIGIR Forum marks the 40th anniversary of the ACM SIGIR Conference by showcasing papers selected for the ACM SIGIR Test of Time Award from the years 1978-2001. These papers document the history and evolution of IR research and practice, and illustrate the intellectual impact the SIGIR Conference has had over time. The ACM SIGIR Test of Time Award recognizes conference papers that have had a long-lasting influence on information retrieval research. When the award guidelines were created, eligible papers were identified as those that were published in a window of time 10 to 12 years prior to the year of the award. This meant that the first year this award was given, 2014, eligible papers came from the years 2002-2004. To identify papers published during the period 1978-2001 that might also be recognized with the Test of Time Award, a committee was created, which was led by Keith van Rijsbergen. Members of the committee were: Nicholas Belkin, Charlie Clarke, Susan Dumais, Norbert Fuhr, Donna Harman, Diane Kelly, Stephen Robertson, Stefan Rueger, Ian Ruthven, Tetsuya Sakai, Mark Sanderson, Ryen White, and Chengxiang Zhai. The committee used citation counts and other techniques to build a nomination pool. Nominations were also solicited from the community. In addition, a sub-committee was formed of people active in the 1980s to identify papers from the period 1978-1989 that should be recognized with the award. As a result of these processes, a nomination pool of papers was created and each paper in the pool was reviewed by a team of three committee members and assigned a grade. The 30 papers with the highest grades were selected to be recognized with an award. To commemorate the 1978-2001 ACM SIGIR Test of Time awardees, we invited a number of people from the SIGIR community to contribute write-ups of each paper. Each write-up consists of a summary of the paper, a description of the main contributions of the paper and commentary on why the paper is still useful. This special issue contains reprints of all the papers, with the exception of a few whose copyrights are not held by ACM (members of ACM can access these papers at the ACM Digital Library as part of the original conference proceedings). As members of the selection committee, we really enjoyed reading the older papers. The style was very different from todays SIGIR paper: the writing was simple and unpretentious, with an equal mix of creativity, rigor and openness. We encourage everyone to read at least a handful of these papers and to consider how things have changed, and if, and how, we might bring some of the positive qualities of these older papers back to the SIGIR program.
Shortcomings to Globalization: Using Internet Technology and Electronic Commerce in Developing Countries

Information and communications technology (ICT) has become an indispensable tool in the fight against world poverty. ICT provides developing nations with an unprecedented opportunity to meet vital development goals, such as poverty reduction, basic healthcare, and education, far more effectively than before (UNDP, 2000). Nations that succeed in harnessing the potential of ICT can look forward to greatly expanded economic growth, dramatically improved human welfare, and stronger forms of democratic government. The unequal access to technology between groups due to differences in demography, economic status, and locations, has been suggested to affect worldwide globalization through Internet connectivity. Other speculations in addition to these factors that are crucial to the adoption and use of ICTs include the number of ISPs (Internet Service Providers) and/or OSPs (Online Service Providers) in a given country. The present study investigates the impact of information technology (IT) infrastructure, ISPs, and socio-economic factors on ICT access and use. Statistical analyses show that there is an empirical relationship between these factors and the Internet adoption in different countries; which may help explain the gaps between groups with respect to Internet use. [End Page 151]
The co-ordination of bimanual rapid aiming movements following stroke

Objective: To determine the role of anticipatory and movement control processes for the coordination of bimanual target aiming in individuals post stroke. Subjects: Thirty adults with chronic stroke and 30 individuals without stroke history. Design: A two-group (stroke, control) by two-aiming type (unimanual, bimanual) by two-limb (paretic, nonparetic; left, right for controls) design with repeated measures on the last two factors. Outcome measures: Kinematic analyses of performance and psychometric measures of reaction time, movement time, peak resultant velocity, time to and after peak resultant velocity and interlimb timing for movement initiation and target impact. Results: Compared with unimanual aiming, the nonparetic limb exhibited a prolonged movement time in the bimanual condition; the locus for prolongation was primarily in the deceleration phase. This adaptive response allowed for a nearly simultaneous (both limbs) target impact in 81% of trials. Compared with the unimanual condition, the nonparetic limb exhibited a lower peak velocity (10%) in the bimanual condition. Conversely, compared with the unimanual condition, the paretic limb exhibited a higher peak velocity (4%) in the bimanual condition. This disociation between limb and condition was observed for the stroke group but not the control group. Conclusions: The interlimb coordination that emerged for the stroke group revealed a complex and asymmetric contribution from each limb mediated through anticipatory and motor control processes. We suggest that this coordination may be harnessed for future bimanual intervention approaches to rehabilitation of upper limb function after stroke.
O modelo de precificação de ativos de capital: teoria e evidências

Four decades after its advent, the capital assets pricing model proposed by Nobel Prize laureate William Sharpe and by John Lintner, known as CAPM, remains the most widely used model in estimating fi rms' cost of capital and valuing portfolios. This is due to the model's predictive power for risk and risk-return ratios. The purpose of this article is to show that CAPM has empirical flaws associated with theoretical simplifi cations and diffi culties implementing valid tests for the model. The article concludes that the limitations of CAPM are challenges to be explained by alternative models.
Price Setting Behaviour in the Netherlands: Results of a Survey

Using a survey among Dutch firms on price setting behaviour in the Netherlands the study identifies how sticky prices are, which prices are sticky and why they are sticky. The most distinctive feature of the Dutch survey is its broad coverage of the business community (seven sectors and seven size classes), including the service sector and small firms. Our primary finding is that price setting behaviour depends critically on both a firm's size and the competitive environment it faces. Small firms in particular adopt more rigid pricing policies, and the weaker the competition a firm faces, the stickier a company's price will be. Furthermore, we find that wholesale and retail prices are more flexible than those for business-to-business services. The survey suggests that explicit and informal contracting are the most important sources of price stickiness. Menu costs and psychological pricing-two prominent explanations of price stickiness in the literature-are of minor importance. Finally, there is clear evidence of asymmetries in shocks driving price increases and decreases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FINANCIAL DOLLARIZATION: WHERE DO WE STAND?

Financial dollarization has been placed at the forefront of the policy debate in many developing economies, for reasons that include its influence on inflation performance and, most prominently, the currency imbalance and associated financial fragility that it introduces for the economy as a whole. As a result, a consensus is growing in favor of financially dedollarizing while avoiding a disruption in domestic financial markets. This paper advances this agenda in two ways. First, it surveys the recent literature on the determinants of financial dollarization and its associated sources of concerns, and revisits the main theoretical arguments in light of an updated and comprehensive database, to find that financially dollarized economies tend to display higher inflation rates and slower and more volatile growth, without significant gains in terms of domestic financial depth. Second, it lays down the basic ingredients of a two-way dedollarization strategy that includes: i) the adaptation of the prudential framework to address the externalities that tend to favor financial dollarization, and ii) the development of domestic markets for localcurrency substitutes to mitigate the impact of the currency switch on the domestic cost of funds.
Globalization and Political Violence, 1970–2008

The question of globalization's effect on social harmony continues to be fiercely debated. We use a comprehensive measure of globalization (the KOF index) designed to capture the intensity of connectivity among countries along economic, social, and political dimensions. Our results suggest that globalization, particularly economic and social globalization, predicts a lower risk of civil war and political repression, but economic globalization predicts lower repression even after unit heterogeneity is accounted. When country fixed effects are accounted, political globalization's effect is problematic for human rights, suggesting that politically influential states escape the constraining effects of globalization on political repression. Indeed, globalization generally shows up as more important than per capita income, a variable often found to be one of the most robust determinants of political violence. The results taken together support those who argue that increased globalization may enhance prospects for social progress, not social resistance and political violence as skeptics claim.
Do Local Governments Save and Spend Across Budget Cycles? Evidence From North Carolina

The fiscal crisis encountered by state-local governments since 2008 has again made prominent the issue of how to better prepare for and stabilize expenditures during recessions. Does the stabilization function of government, and its theory, still hold? Previous studies focus on federal and state levels; only a few look at local governments. This article explores whether localities save and spend across the boom-bust cycle; we intend to identify the determinants of local government savings and estimate the impact of savings on stabilizing expenditures. Unlike some early evidence that shows countercyclical stabilization properties of local unreserved general fund balance, the empirical results of our study on North Carolina counties do not support the stabilization role by localities. This study carries timely and important implications for state/local policy making and financial operations; it also adds to the literature on the stabilization function of government.
Sugary drinks taxation, projected consumption and fiscal revenues in Colombia: Evidence from a QUAIDS model

The global shift towards diets high in sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is linked to higher prevalence of obesity, diabetes and most other non-communicable diseases. In Colombia, one out of every two people was overweight or obese by 2010. This study estimates price-elasticities from a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System model, using the 2006–2007 Colombian Income and Expenditure survey. The food groups that were jointly considered were: unsweetened unflavored milks; coffee and tea; sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs); sweets and candies (including sugar); dairy products; meats and animal-based products; grains based staples; fruits and vegetables; and condiments and snacks. We take into account the high proportion of households not purchasing specific food and beverage groups (censored data) and endogeneity on both prices (as unit values) and total expenditure. Unhealthy beverages are price-elastic (-1.61 for SSBs) meaning that the change in consumption is proportionally larger with respect to a change in price. Also, there is a high complementarity among SSBs and major food groups (grains, meats and fruits and vegetables). In Colombia, the design of a meaningful tax to influence healthier diets is a next critical step. This study also shows that a tax of 20% on SSBs should prove to be effective, and can yield revenues of about 1% of the Colombian government’s total annual fiscal revenue, which can potentially be directed towards public health promotion and investments.
Association of the use of statins with disease activity and functional status in Puerto Ricans with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE Statins, which appear to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, may benefit patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our study sought to determine the association of statins use with disease activity and functional status in a group of patients with RA. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 209 Puerto Ricans with RA (per the 1987 classification criteria of the American College of Rheumatology). Demographic features, lifestyle-related behaviors, disease activity (per Disease Activity Score 28), comorbid conditions, functional status (per Health Assessment Questionnaire), pharmacologic therapy, and patients' and physicians' global assessments using visual analogue scales, were determined. Data were examined using univariate, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of the study population at study visit was 56.8 (13.5) years (range: 24-86 years); 175 patients (83.7%) were women. The mean (SD) disease duration was 10.4 (9.5) years (range: 0.0-44.0 years). Thirty-two (15.3%) patients were using statins at study visit, and 36 (17.2%) had used statins in the past. In the multivariable analysis, the current use of statins was associated with higher functional status (odds ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.22-0.80) than was nonuse, after adjusting for age, disease duration, arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, and dyslipidemia. No association between either current or past use of statins and disease activity was found. CONCLUSION In this group of RA patients, the current use of statins was associated with a higher functional status; conversely, no association was found between statins use and disease activity. However, larger and longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings.
Directors' Pay and Turnover: An Application to a Sample of Large UK Firms

This paper examines the operation of the U.K. managerial labor market. The author tests the twin agency predictions that directors' pay is positively related to corporate performance and CEO turnover is negatively associated with firm profitability. He finds that the panel data econometric evidence reveals a significant and positive correlation between directors' pay, company performance, and size; the CEO turnover model predicts a negative, and significant, association with predated shareholder returns: the data is consistent with the view that CEO are disciplined by the threat of dismissal; and boardroom governance factors (e.g., proportion of nonexecutives and board size) are only of some importance in the CEO succession process. Copyright 1998 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Mechanism of lanthanum effect on chlorophyll of spinach

The mechanism of La3+ effect on chlorophyll (chl) of spinach in solution culture has been studied. The results show that La3+ can obviously promote growth, increase chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rate of spinach. La3+ may substitute Mg2+ for chlorophyll formation of spinach when there is no Mg2+ in solution. La3+ improves significantly PSII formation and enhances electron transport rate of PSII. By ICP-MS and atom absorption spectroscopy methods, it has been revealed that rare earth elements (REEs) can enter chloroplasts and increase Mg2+-chl contents; and REEs bind to chlorophyll and also form REE-chl. REE-chl is about 72% in total chlorophyll with La3+ treatment and without Mg2+in solution. By UV-Vis, FT-IR and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) methods, it has been found that La3+ coordinates with nitrogen of porphyrin rings with the average La—N bond length of 0.253 nm.
Impact of the 1988 Basle Accord on International Banks

The ostensible purpose of the Basle Accord was to standardize bank-capital regulations among the twelve leading industrial countries. Its ulterior goal was to 'level the playing field' by eliminating a funding-cost advantage of Japanese banks that had allowed them to capture more than one-third of international lending. The wealth gain for Japanese bank shareholders was 31.63 percent. Wealth effects for shareholders of non-Japanese banks were not significant. These results suggest that the Baste Accord did not eliminate the pricing advantage of Japanese banks, challenging the non-Japanese regulators' contention that the regulation would help level the playing field. Copyright 1996 by American Finance Association.
Semantic distribution study of noun-noun compounds in the Japanese CT clinical reports

The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of the semantic relationships between the two atomic medical terms of the noun-noun compounds extracted from the clinical documents in Japanese. Only 29.9% of the compounds had the UMLS semantic relation defined (mainly including "location_of" and "adjacent_to"). The results indicated that the semantic relations defined in the UMLS semantic network are not enough for describing the noun-noun medical compounds extracted from the Japanese clinical reports.
Silencing jasmonate signalling and jasmonate‐mediated defences reveals different survival strategies between two Nicotiana attenuata accessions

To determine the impact of genotypic variation in secondary metabolite production on antiherbivore resistance and plant fitness, we genetically silenced biosynthetic genes for nicotine, trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TPI), and jasmonate (JA) production in two accessions of Nicotiana attenuata: one from Utah (UT) which responds to herbivory with JA‐induced nicotine and TPI production, and one from Arizona (AZ) which is TPI‐deficient but also produces JA‐induced nicotine. Transient silencing of JA biosynthesis increased Manduca sexta larval growth on wild type (WT) plants of both accessions, but not on TPI‐deficient UT or nicotine‐deficient AZ lines, demonstrating that JA‐mediated resistance to M. sexta requires TPIs in the UT and nicotine in the naturally TPI‐deficient AZ accession. When transplanted into a native UT population, AZ and UT plants, rendered equally able or unable to produce nicotine and TPIs by stable transformation, received significantly different levels of herbivory. Both accessions differed in their resistance depending on the type of herbivores: resistance to rare, voracious herbivores (Saltatoria and Mammalia) was greater in AZ than UT lines, and dependent on nicotine production, while resistance to small, abundant herbivores (Coleoptera and Thysanoptera) was greater in UT lines, and dependent on TPI production. AZ lines produced more flowers and seed capsules than UT lines independently of TPI production costs. This fitness advantage was lost when accessions did not produce nicotine. We conclude that these two accessions have developed different survival strategies and thus differ in the cost‐benefit functions of their JA‐mediated defences.
The Long-Run Phillips Curve and Optimal In‡ation under Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity Preliminary - Please do not quote!

We study the implications for optimal average in‡ation when there is both a role for money as a medium of exchange and when nominal wages are downwardly rigid. The model also features transaction costs, as in Dotsey, King, and Wolman (1999), and a non-Walrasian labor market with search frictions as in Trigari (2009). The introduction of downward nominal wage rigidities into a model
Helicobacter pylori: isolation from gastric biopsy specimens.

Forty-two gastric biopsies, in two transport media, were homogenized and cultured on three media under micro-aerophilic conditions. Brain-heart infusion agar with a commercial antibiotic supplement (giving 10 mg vancomycin, 5 mg trimethoprim and 2500 i.u. polymixin per litre) yielded the best results. Ordinary chocolate (heated) human blood agar could be used in laboratories with limited resources. Growth was obtained in 4-6 days at 37 degrees C. All isolates were sensitive to metronidazole. The resistance to nalidixic acid and rapid urease production of Helicobacter pylori could be used to differentiate this species from Campylobacter spp. Indicator medium (brain-heart infusion broth with 7% human blood and 40 mg 2,3,5-triphenyletetrazolium chloride agar/litre) also proved useful in identification.
Consumer perceptions of bundles

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test inferred bundle saving versus loss aggregation as explanations of consumer evaluations of bundles. Inferred bundle saving posits that consumer impressions of bundles are anchored in the daily economic reality that collections of goods as bundles are usually marketed at a discount to the same collection not bundled. Loss aggregation theory posits that consumers perceive an aggregation of prices as being less than the sum of its parts because they perceive prices as losses, and losses have a concave value perception; that is a small loss is perceived as large relative to its physical amount.Design/methodology/approach – Previous research has shown that inferred bundle saving is a plausible alternative to loss aggregation. This research tests the two theories against each other in three experimental studies where they make opposite predictions. A meta‐analysis of the first two studies provides added evidence.Findings – The predictions of inferred bundle saving w.
Education for Development: An Exploration of the Linkages in the Indian context

This paper explores whether India’s poor educational attainment can explain low level of development despite achieving reasonably high growth. Role of knowledge and technology in this context are emphasised. Education being so fundamental to the concept of development as freedom and so characteristically different from other sectors, the advocacy for market based education reform needs to be critically assessed particularly in a developing country like India. While assessing the centrality of education in achieving economic development, the nature and composition of growth at the macro level and poor quality of education in general in a globalising knowledge economy are highlighted.
Perceptions of Career Development Learning and Work-Integrated Learning in Australian Higher Education

This paper is a report on the perceived correspondence between career development learning and work-integrated learning programs that were delivered by career services in Australian higher education institutions. The study entailed a questionnaire survey of representatives of university career services. The questionnaire dealt with the extent to which the elements of career development learning were present in work-integrated learning programs. Results of the survey indicated convergence of the career development-learning domains of self-awareness and opportunity awareness, but relatively less integration of decision-making and transition learning. The article concludes with a call for further exploration into how universities and employers view career development learning in work-integrated learning programs.