Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Risk of Postponing Early Socialization of Smart Young Generation in Modern Information Society

The paper presents a new look at the process of education when the values of the student act like a lighthouse for the teacher at the moment of presenting material and arranging the process of education, the process of acquiring knowledge. The following new scientific statements and methods are described: (a) why the problem of secure living in modern information society demands developing and realizing the methods of much earlier socialization of children than its is usually done now; (b) why it is necessary to differentiate the methods of teaching in accordance with the values of the learners; (c) how to split young children in two groups: children with preponderance of material values and with preponderance of sublime values; (d) how to differentiate the methods of teaching for each of these groups; (e) what is cognitive engagement of the learners and how to achieve it at lessons for educational success in case of each of two values-homogeneous groups. As a result, a new psychological and educational paradigm is presented.
Selective peripheral expansion and activation of B cells expressing endogenous immunoglobulin in μ‐transgenic mice

Two different lines of C57BL/6 mice (IgHb) carrying complete rearranged μ chain genes from BALB/c (IgMa) were analyzed for the expression and secretion of endogenous as well as transgenic immunoglobulins at the level of single cells. Quantitation of B cells expressing endogenous IgMb by cytofluorometry, limiting dilution analyses of clonal precursors and secretory cell assays revealed a marked selective expansion, activation and terminal differentiation of those cells producing endogenous immunoglobulins. Thus, the very infrequent IgMb−bearing B cells produced in bone marrow of transgenic mice accumulate in spleen, where they are activated and account for roughly half of all natural immunoglobulin‐secreting cells.
Health Status, Use of Health Care Resources, and Treatment Strategies of Ethiopian and Nigerian Immigrants in the United States

Although different health risks and behaviors displayed by contemporary U.S. immigrants create challenges for health care providers, knowledge on the health of and variations among African immigrant groups in the United States lags behind. This study compared health status, use of health care resources, and treatment strategies of 362 Ethiopian and Nigerian immigrants. The results indicated that mental health and English-speaking ability varied by country of birth. Furthermore, the study sample reported a low use of health care resources. These results suggest the existence of potential health issues among subsections of the African immigrant population that may threaten the maintenance of good health.
Genetic and Neutralization Properties of Subtype C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Molecular env Clones from Acute and Early Heterosexually Acquired Infections in Southern Africa

ABSTRACT A standard panel of subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env-pseudotyped viruses was created by cloning, sequencing, and characterizing functional gp160 genes from 18 acute and early heterosexually acquired infections in South Africa and Zambia. In general, the gp120 region of these clones was shorter (most evident in V1 and V4) and less glycosylated compared to newly transmitted subtype B viruses, and it was underglycosylated but no different in length compared to chronic subtype C viruses. The gp120s also exhibited low amino acid sequence variability (12%) in V3 and high variability (39%) immediately downstream of V3, a feature shared with newly transmitted subtype B viruses and chronic viruses of both subtypes. When tested as Env-pseudotyped viruses in a luciferase reporter gene assay, all clones possessed an R5 phenotype and resembled primary isolates in their sensitivity to neutralization by HIV-1-positive plasmas. Results obtained with a multisubtype plasma panel suggested partial subtype preference in the neutralizing antibody response to infection. The clones were typical of subtype C in that all were resistant to 2G12 (associated with loss of N-glycosylation at position 295) and most were resistant to 2F5, but all were sensitive to 4E10 and many were sensitive to immunoglobulin G1b12. Finally, conserved neutralization epitopes in the CD4-induced coreceptor binding domain of gp120 were poorly accessible and were difficult to induce and stabilize with soluble CD4 on Env-pseudotyped viruses. These results illustrate key genetic and antigenic properties of subtype C HIV-1 that might impact the design and testing of candidate vaccines. A subset of these gp160 clones are suitable for use as reference reagents to facilitate standardized assessments of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody responses.
INBREEDING AND SEX-BIASED GENE FLOW IN THE ANT FORMICA EXSECTA

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess breeding and dispersal patterns of both males and females in a monogyne (a single queen per colony) population of ants. Monogyny is commonly associated with extensive nuptial flights, presumably leading to considerable gene flow over large areas. Opposite to these expectations we found evidence of both inbreeding and sex-biased gene flow in a monogyne population of Formica exsecta. We found a significant degree of population subdivision at a local scale (within islands) for queens (females heading established colonies) and workers, but not for colony fathers (the males mated to the colony queens). However, we found little evidence of population subdivision at a larger scale (among islands). More conclusive support for sex-biased gene flow comes from the analysis of isolation by distance on the largest island, and from assignment tests revealing differences in female and male philopatry. The genetic similarity between pairs of queens decreased significantly when geographical distance increased, demonstrating limited dispersal and isolation by distance in queens. By contrast, we found no such pattern for colony fathers. Furthermore, a significantly greater fraction of colony queens were assigned as having originated from the population of residence, as compared to colony fathers. Inbreeding coefficients were significantly positive for workers, but not for mother queens. The queen-male relatedness coefficient of 0.23 (regression relatedness) indicates that mating occurs between fairly close relatives. These results suggest that some monogyne species of ants have complex dispersal and mating systems that can result in genetic isolation by distance over small geographical scales. More generally, this study also highlights the importance of identifying the relevant scale in analyses of population structure and dispersal.
[Effect of panaxadiol saponin and panaxtrol saponin on proliferation of human bone marrow hemopoietic progenitor cells].

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of panaxadiol saponin (PDS) and panaxtrol saponin (PTS) on proliferation of human bone marrow hemopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). METHODS PDS and PTS were separated and purified from ginsenosides, and the effects on HPC were studied using in vitro hemopoietic progenitor cell colony-forming technique, by observing the proliferation of human burst forming unit-erythroid progenitor (BFU-E), colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E), colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) and colony-forming unit-pluripotent hemopoietic progenitor (CFU-Mix) in mice after PDS and PTS stimulation. RESULTS Different concentration of PDS (2.5-200 micrograms/ml) could stimulate the proliferation of HPC obviously, showing increase of CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-Mix by 54.9 +/- 6.3%, 48.8 +/- 5.1%, 27.6 +/- 4.2% and 48.9 +/- 3.9% respectively, which was higher than that of the control group. While stimulated by PTS of the same concentration, the CFU-E and BFU-E was lower than that of control significantly (P < 0.05); when the terminal concentration of PTS was 200 micrograms/ml, CFU-E and BFU-E was zero respectively. In the CFU-GM culture, PTS in concentration of 12.5 micrograms/ml could cause the proliferation increased by 29.7 +/- 2.2% (P < 0.05), but in concentration of 100 micrograms/ml and 200 micrograms/ml, it showed inhibitory effect on CFU-GM, the inhibition rate being 48.6 +/- 3.9% and 100% respectively. CONCLUSION PDS is the effective component of ginsenosides in stimulating proliferation of human bone marrow HPC. PTS is an component with inhibitory action on proliferation of CFU-E and BFU-E and its effect on CFU-GM was depending on its concentration.
Predictors of accidental fatal drug overdose among a cohort of injection drug users.

OBJECTIVES This study evaluated factors associated with accidental fatal drug overdose among a cohort of injection drug users (IDUs). METHODS In a prospective cohort study of 2849 IDUs in King County, Washington, deaths were identified by electronically merging subject identifiers with death certificate records. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of overdose mortality. RESULTS Thirty-two overdoses were observed. Independent predictors of overdose mortality were bisexual sexual orientation (relative risk [RR] = 4.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.30, 13.2), homelessness (RR = 2.30; 95% CI = 1.06, 5.01), infrequent injection of speedballs (RR = 5.36; 95% CI = 1.58, 18.1), daily use of powdered cocaine (RR = 4.84; 95% CI = 1.13, 20.8), and daily use of poppers (RR = 22.0; 95% CI = 1.74, 278). CONCLUSIONS Sexual orientation, homelessness, and drug use identify IDUs who may benefit from targeted interventions.
Parkinsonism Treatment: Part III—Update

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to update clinicians with recent advances in the management of parkinsonism, including drug therapy, transplantation, and diet. DATA SOURCES: Pertinent articles were obtained from an English-language literature search using MEDLINE (1970–1991), Index Medicus (1987–1991), Current Contents (1990), and bibliographic reviews of review articles. Index terms included parkinsonism, selegiline, pergolide, vitamin E, and transplantation. Fifty-five articles (representing 85 percent of the complete literature search) were selected by multiple reviewers for their contribution to the stated purpose. Emphasis was placed on double-blind, placebo-controlled, and randomized studies. Data from cited articles were examined by multiple reviewers for support of their stated hypothesis and were included as background for justification of major points in this article; critical studies were abstracted in more detail. RESULTS: New therapeutic measures have been added to the treatment of parkinsonism. Selegiline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor type B, has shown beneficial results, especially in early stages. Pergolide, a dopamine agonist, may be an efficacious alternative to bromocriptine resistance or intolerable adverse effects. Vitamin E may have protective antioxidant properties, but very few clinical data are available. Fetal tissue transplantation needs continued research and remains very controversial. Diet modification may maximize the results of therapy with exogenous dopamine therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should familiarize themselves with new alternatives for the management of parkinsonism in order to be reliable consultants for both professional and lay persons.
Effect of lead chloride on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters in mice.

AIM To evaluate the effect of acute lead chloride exposure on testis and sperm parameters in mice. METHODS PbCl2, 74 mg/kg, was daily administered to sexually mature male mice for 3 days and the effects on the testicular histology and ultrastructure as well as the motility and density of spermatozoa in cauda epididymis were observed. An additional group of mice were treated for 1-3 days and were allowed to recover for 32 days to determine the reversibility of lead-induced changes. RESULTS The testicular weight, seminiferous tubular diameter and sperm counts were significantly decreased following 3 days of PbCl2 treatment, but were unaffected by shorter-term exposures. The changes caused by lead are mostly reversible. CONCLUSION Acute lead chloride exposure injures the fertility parameters of male mice and the effects are partially reversible.
Asymmetric stacked autoencoder

Traditional stacked autoencoders have an equal number of encoders and decoders. However, while fine-tuned as a deep neural network the decoder portion is detached and never used. This begs the question: ‘do we need equal number of decoders and encoders’? In this study we explore asymmetric autoencoders — unequal number of encoders and decoders. We specifically address two tasks — 1. Classification capacity as deep neural network and 2. Compressibility of stacked autoencoder. For both the problems, our asymmetric autoencoders have several encoders but a single decoders. We find that such autoencoders are more accurate compared to traditional symmetrically stacked autoencoders for classification accuracy and also yield slightly better results on compression problems.
Arbitrage free life insurance pricing model based on individual equity principle

As regards life insurance product of unit linked types, considering all the insuredpsilas expectant unit linked type products. Then no matter what their theories return and insurerpsilas expectant solvency can gravely affect to design the premium and its frame, the corresponding works is done in this research. The ideology sense of individual equity principle is assimilated, and the decision objectives are put up according to the expectant investment return from both sides of the insured and insurer. To set up the arbitrage free life insurance pricing model, the backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) is selected, meanwhile the capacity on bearing risk and the utility attitude are directly connected in decision objective, then using utility function is avoided. Considering the randomness of investing result and using stochastic mathematical method to solve the model, the both sidespsila theoretical and practical pricing formulae are gotten in accordance with the modern finance theory. And, only if the insuredpsilas price is higher than the insurerpsilas the new policy can form, or the premium can be given between both sidepsilas prices. Then, the individual equity condition for successfully pricing is found out. Since the investment decision is according to the stochastic yield target, the dynamic effect that the stochastic yield of investment brought for life insurance pricing is showed better. Moreover, the mutual inductance status coming from insurance market, investment market and operational circumstance of insurance company can be reported more timely. Evidently, this pricing way reflects hedging principium and well conforms to market competition.
Weak Form of Efficient Market Hypothesis: Evidence from Pakistan

This research is an empirical investigation of the weak form of efficiency of the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE-100) Index, which is the prominent index of Pakistan Stock Exchange (formerly Karachi Stock Exchange). The contribution of this paper is to analyze a longer 24 years’ sample period (1991-2015) with three frequencies of data – daily, weekly and monthly index returns. The results show that return series of three frequencies have a negatively skewed, leptokurtic and non-normal distribution. The non-parametric Phillips-Perron (PP) test and parametric Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test rejected the non-stationarity hypothesis for index returns at the level for all daily, weekly and monthly data. The auto-correlation of randomness for the chosen period rejected the Random Walk Hypothesis (RWH) for daily and weekly index returns but documented the existence of RWH for monthly index returns. Lastly, the findings of run tests show market inefficiency on daily and weekly data and efficiency for monthly returns. The findings are not consistent with efficiency theory as the stock returns do not follow the random walk hypothesis and hence nullify weak form of efficiency for daily and weekly returns. However, the research documents weak-form of efficiency for monthly returns; the existence of randomness in monthly data is not surprising for an emerging market like Pakistan which does not have a long memory to remember previous monthly prices. Positioned upon weak form of efficiency assumption, the investors on the KSE can make abnormal returns on the basis of historical share prices (Malhotra, Tandon, & Tandon, 2015). The concept of market efficiency is important for analysts, for investor’s investment decisions, and regulators of stock exchange to improve the flow of information. Further research can be done with more sophisticated techniques of testing weak form of efficiency
Social Indicators of Wellbeing

Can we measure and/or compare the potential wellbeing that world countries offer to their citizens ? Our positive answer follows 3 stages: identify the relevant issues for citizens, de- fine and compile practical indicators of these and finally aggregate everything into an index to derive a full country ranking. Our endeavor thus covers the long standing twin problems of indicators selection and index construction. We firstly borrow from psychology, philosophy and economics to identify wellbeing dimensions. We then refine these into a dozen facets by applying the transparent criteria of politics and urgency. Next, we address social aggregation and argue that the facets of wellbeing are not meant to be compared or ranked and should never be substituted one for another. This moral restriction forbids the traditional utilitarian averaging and leads us to endorse the Condorcet median as the most robust method to derive a consensual ranking while respecting non-comparability.
Comparison of lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane protein-lipopolysaccharide extracts in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Brucella ovis infection

Brucella ovis hot saline extracts and petroleum ether-chloroform-phenol lipopolysaccharide were compared in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of B. ovis ram epididymitis. Hot saline extracts detected greater numbers of infected rams. Chemical characterization of the antigens showed that, although both contained lipopolysaccharide, hot saline extracts also contained outer membrane proteins. These proteins were active as antigens in Western blot tests with sera of infected rams, and therefore they explained the better diagnostic results obtained with hot saline extracts. However, compared with lipopolysaccharide, hot saline extracts showed a higher degree of cross-reactivity with sera from smooth B. melitensis-infected animals. This observation might be explained by the presence of B. ovis outer membrane proteins in hot saline extracts which lack the specificity necessary for serological identification of the Brucella species present.
A sub-2dB noise figure, 200–3700 MHz receiver for LTE-A applications

A wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) with an inherent active-balun and a wideband Downconversion Mixer are proposed in this work. For the LNA, a combination of a common-gate (CG) stage and a common-source (CS) stage is used to acquire the differential output signal out of a single-ended input while still maintaining acceptable output balancing. A positive feedback loop is added to increase the degree of freedom in choosing the design parameters. This leads to decreasing the overall noise figure (NF) without affecting the input matching performance. The LNA shows a NF below 1.86dB, gain of 25.9dB, and IIP3 of -8dBm across all band (200-3700 MHz). A minimum NF of 1.75dB was achieved at 400-1500 MHz band. For the Mixer, A dual current bleeding technique is used to maintain the linear operation at high input amplitudes to achieve high linearity reaching a maximum IIP3 value of 9.66dBm. The Mixer shows a NF of 13dB and gain 6dB. The front-end is designed in 0. 13μm standard CMOS process. A total minimum NF of 1.9dB was achieved with a gain of 31.9dB.
SLAM++ 1 -A highly efficient and temporally scalable incremental SLAM framework

The most common way to deal with the uncertainty present in noisy sensorial perception and action is to model the problem with a probabilistic framework. Maximum likelihood estimation is a well-known estimation method used in many robotic and computer vision applications. Under Gaussian assumption, the maximum likelihood estimation converts to a nonlinear least squares problem. Efficient solutions to nonlinear least squares exist and they are based on iteratively solving sparse linear systems until convergence. In general, the existing solutions provide only an estimation of the mean state vector, the resulting covariance being computationally too expensive to recover. Nevertheless, in many simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) applications, knowing only the mean vector is not enough. Data association, obtaining reduced state representations, active decisions and next best view are only a few of the applications that require fast state covariance recovery. Furthermore, computer vision and robotic applications are in general performed online. In this case, the state is updated and recomputed every step and its size is continuously growing, therefore, the estimation process may become highly computationally demanding. This paper introduces a general framework for incremental maximum likelihood estimation called SLAM++, which fully benefits from the incremental nature of the online applications, and provides efficient estimation of both the mean and the covariance of the estimate. Based on that, we propose a strategy for maintaining a sparse and scalable state representation for large scale mapping, which uses information theory measures to integrate only informative and non-redundant contributions to the state representation. SLAM++ differs from existing implementations by performing all the matrix operations by blocks. This led to extremely fast matrix manipulation and arithmetic operations used in nonlinear least squares. Even though this paper tests SLAM++ efficiency on SLAM problems, its applicability remains general.
Interleukin 6 secretion from alternatively activated macrophages promotes the migration of endometriotic epithelial cells†

Abstract Accumulating evidence has suggested an interaction between endometriotic cells and macrophages in the endometriotic microenvironment and the potential role of this interaction in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. However, how endometriotic cells communicate with macrophages to influence their function is poorly understood. In the present study, we found that the mRNA expression and production of CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were much higher in human endometriotic epithelial cells (11Z and 12Z) than those in human endometrial epithelial cells (HES). The inhibition of CCL2 action using neutralizing antibodies substantially suppressed macrophage migration induced by endometriotic epithelial cells. The endometriosis-associated macrophages (EAMs), which are the macrophages that are stimulated by the conditionedmedium (CM) of human endometriotic cells, highly expressed the M2 phenotype markers (MRC1 and TREM2). In addition, the CM of EAMs significantly increased cell migration in 12Z cells, but no significant change was observed in cell growth. RT-PCR and antibody array analyses revealed that EAMs highly express and produce interleukin (IL) 6 compared to macrophages stimulated by the CM of HES cells. Moreover, the EAM-CM-induced migration and MMP2/9 expression in endometriotic cells were significantly attenuated by IL6 signaling inhibition. These results suggest a reciprocal activation of macrophages and endometriotic cells via the soluble factors CCL2 and IL6, which may contribute to the development of endometriosis.