Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation of cervical cytology and visual inspection with acetic acid in HIV-positive women

Summary The prevalence of squamous intraepithelial lesion is higher among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women. These lesions when they occur in these patients are also more difficult to treat. A total of 205 consenting HIV-seropositive women were recruited. A cervical cytology (Pap smear) was taken, followed by visual inspection with freshly prepared 5% acetic acid and cervical biopsy taken from the squamocolumnar junction as the reference for diagnosis to avoid verification bias. The sensitivity of VIA was 76.0% (95% CI 52.0 – 91.0); specificity 83.0% (95% CI 77.0 – 88.0); positive predictive value 34.0% (95% CI 21.0 – 49.0). The sensitivity of cervical cytology (Pap smear) was 57.0% (95% CI 34.0 – 77.0), specificity of 95.0% (95% CI 90.0 – 97.0), and positive predictive value of 55.0% (95% CI 33.0 – 75.0). In HIV-seropositive women, the sensitivity of VIA is 76.0%, making it a useful screening test for preinvasive lesion of the cervix in low resource settings.
Pilot Study of an Exercise Intervention for Depressive Symptoms and Associated Cognitive-Behavioral Factors in Young Adults With Major Depression

Abstract This study assesses the feasibility of integrating motivational interviewing (MI) with an exercise intervention. It also explores patterns of depressive symptom changes (cognitive, affective, and somatic subscales) and their relationship to cognitive, behavioral, and immunological factors (interleukin 6, IL-6, a marker for inflammation) across the exercise intervention. Twelve young adults (20.8 ± 1.7 years) meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder received a brief MI intervention followed by a 12-week exercise intervention. Assessments were conducted preintervention, postintervention, throughout the intervention, and at follow-up. Preliminary results show differential effects of exercise, with the largest standardized mean improvements for the affective subscale (−1.71), followed by cognitive (−1.56) and somatic (−1.39) subscales. A significant relationship was observed between increased behavioral activation and lower levels of IL-6. Despite study limitations, the magnitude of changes suggests that natural remission of depressive symptoms is an unlikely explanation for the findings. A randomized controlled trial has commenced to evaluate effectiveness of the intervention.
What Determines the Shape of the Probability Weighting Function Under Uncertainty?

Decision weights are an important component in recent theories of decision making under uncertainty. To better explain these decision weights, a two-stage approach has been proposed: First, the probability of an event is judged and then this probability is transformed by the probability weighting function known from decision making under risk. We extend the two-stage approach by allowing the probability weighting function to depend on the type of uncertainty. Using this more general approach, properties of decision weights can be attributed to properties of probability judgments and/or to properties of probability weighting. We present an empirical study that shows that it is indeed necessary to allow the probability weighting function to be source dependent. The analysis includes an examination of properties of the probability weighting function under uncertainty that have not been considered yet.
Multi-semantic Approach Towards a Generic Formal Solver of Tool Placement for Percutaneous Surgery

In this paper, we study the multiple points of view when generalizing a method based on many criteria optimization, in the framework of percutaneous surgery planning. The aim of the prototype is to find an optimal position of surgical tools to help the surgeons in planning the intervention. We explain how, with a formal geometric solver and meta programming, we intend to build a modular tool, capable of being extended to new interventions, with few programming efforts.
Women in the boardroom

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings Financial sector firms can improve performance by increasing the number of women directors in the boardroom. However, the likelihood of an indirect impact makes it important to identify factors able to mediate or moderate the relationship. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Explorer Aedes aegypti Piwi 4 Is a Noncanonical PIWI Protein Involved in Antiviral Responses

The small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway is a major antiviral response in mosquitoes; however, another RNA interference pathway, the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway, has been suggested to be antiviral in mosquitoes. Piwi4 has been reported to be a key mediator of this response in mosquitoes, but it is not involved in the production of virus-specific piRNAs. Here, we show that Piwi4 associates with members of the antiviral exogenous siRNA pathway (Ago2 and Dcr2), as well as with proteins of the piRNA pathway (Ago3, Piwi5, and Piwi6) in an Aedes aegypti-derived cell line, Aag2. Analysis of small RNAs captured by Piwi4 revealed that it is predominantly associated with virus-specific siRNAs in Semliki Forest virusinfected cells and, to a lesser extent, with viral piRNAs. By using a Dcr2 knockout cell line, we showed directly that Ago2 lost its antiviral activity, as it was no longer bound to siRNAs, but Piwi4 retained its antiviral activity in the absence of the siRNA pathway. These results demonstrate a complex interaction between the siRNA and piRNA pathways in A. aegypti and identify Piwi4 as a noncanonical PIWI protein that interacts with members of the siRNA and piRNA pathways, and its antiviral activities may be independent of either pathway. IMPORTANCE Mosquitoes transmit several pathogenic viruses, for example, the chikungunya and Zika viruses. In mosquito cells, virus replication intermediates in the form of double-stranded RNA are cleaved by Dcr2 into 21-nucleotide-long siRNAs, which in turn are used by Ago2 to target the virus genome. A different class of virusderived small RNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), have also been found in infected insect cells. These piRNAs are longer and are produced in a Dcr2-independent manner. The only known antiviral protein in the PIWI family is Piwi4, which is not involved in piRNA production. It is associated with key proteins of the siRNA and piRNA pathways, although its antiviral function is independent of their actions.
Immunocytochemical and histochemical studies on intestinal epithelial cells producing both lysozyme and mucosubstance

The simultaneous demonstration of lysozyme using the unlabelled antibody enzyme method and mucosubstances by staining with the periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) and Alcian Blue pH 2.5 techniques has led to the identification of a new subpopulation of mucus‐producing cells containing lysozyme in small intestinal specimens from normal rats and from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. These cells, containing both mucosubstances and lysozyme, are located in the lateral walls of the crypts of Lieberkuhn, but can occasionally be found also in or near the tips of the villi. The specific staining for lysozyme was observed in the apical and/or basal cytoplasm of these mucus‐producing cells and was readily detected in sections counterstained for mucosub‐stances with Alcian Blue. The localization of these mucus‐producing cells was similar both in the normal rat and in the pathological human specimens. Absorption controls and controls where a non‐immune serum was substituted for the specific antilysozyme serum confirmed the specificity of the lysozyme localization.
Titanium hydride and hydrogen concentration in acid-etched commercially pure titanium and titanium alloy implants: a comparative analysis of five implant systems.

OBJECTIVES Acid etching is a popular method to texture the surface of dental implants. During etching, the titanium oxide protective layer is dissolved and small native hydrogen ions diffuse into the unprotected implant surface. They enrich the implant surface with hydrogen and precipitate into titanium hydride (TiH). The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of TiH at the implant surface and the total concentration of Hydrogen at five commercially available implant systems, made of either commercially pure (cp) titanium or titanium alloy. MATERIAL AND METHODS X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted on each implant system to determine the compounds present at the implant surface. Following a TiH(2)/Ti calibration curve, the concentration of TiH was determined. Concentration of hydrogen in the implants was measured by the inert gas fusion thermal conductivity/infrared detection method. RESULTS XRD data showed that TiH was present on all cp titanium implants but not on the alloyed implants. TiH concentration varied between 5% and 37%. Hydrogen concentration varied between 43 and 108 ppm, no difference in uptake was found between the cp titanium and alloyed implants. Low solubility of hydrogen in alpha-titanium is responsible for precipitation into TiH. Stronger etching conditions led to higher concentration of TiH2-x. CONCLUSION High solubility of hydrogen in the beta-phase of the alloy is preventing hydrogen from precipitating into TiH. All implants, even those lacking TiH at the surface, were enriched with hydrogen. In all implants, hydrogen concentration was within the normative limit of 130 ppm.
3-D radar imaging of buried utilities by features estimation of hyperbolic diffraction patterns in radar scans

The paper describes a processing method to extract hyperbolic patterns generated by the time-of-flight variation in Radar scans due to buried utilities. The method is capable to determine processing parameters by using only Radar settings available in the header of the raw data files. The apex position and the velocity of hyperbolic arcs both with positive and negative phases are estimated. After a confidence assignment of the hyperbolic patterns is calculated and the false alarm rejection rate is achieved by using multiple features. A probability of false alarm (Pfa) lower than 8 false alarms per linear meter with a probability of correct detection (Pd) greater than 95% has been obtained with a full data set from a road survey. The reliable estimation of buried utilities positions has been exploited with a tracking algorithm to reconstruct a 3D topographic mapping of the investigated site. In this way it is much improved the difficult and time consuming task of the human operator to decide the buried utility path according to multiple B-scan and stratigraphic images analyses.
Relationship between school rhythm and physical activity in adolescents: the HELENA study

ABSTRACT The aim was to assess the relationship between school rhythm and physical activity (PA) in adolescents. The study included 2024 adolescents (12.5–17.4 years). Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days. A short school rhythm was defined as a short time at school with short recesses and less time in teaching per day (Group 1). A long school rhythm was defined as a longer time at school with more time in teaching and recess (Group 2). Adolescents in Group 1 performed less moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) than those in Group 2 per week (P < .0001), especially during school days (recess: 3.9 ± 4.0 vs. 9.8 ± 7.9 min · day−1; P < .0001; teaching hours: 14.5 ± 9.8 vs. 19.1 ± 12.0 min · day−1; P < .0001). Adolescents in Group 1 were less likely to meet the PA recommendations than were adolescents in Group 2: 30.7% vs. 34.1% (P < .0001). During school days, the percentage of adolescents who spent more than 2 h · day−1 in sedentary activities was greater in the Group 1 (P < .001). Our results suggest that leisure-time out-of-school hours is used mainly for sedentary activities, and that school time provides a good opportunity for promoting PA.
Predictors of intent to stay for hourly employees in the fast food industry

PREDICTORS OF INTENT TO STAY FOR HOURLY EMPLOYEES IN THE FAST FOOD INDUSTRY Kathleen E. Gosser March 29, 2011 This study (N = 935) examined the relationships of demographic characteristics, organizational justice (including the three areas: distributive, procedural, and interactional), and organizational socialization with the dependent variable of intent to stay. Intent to stay has been identified as a criterion variable that predicts actual turnover behavior. If a person responds positively that they intend to stay, they in fact do so. A paper survey, both in English and Spanish, was sent to 100 fast food restaurants for hourly employees to complete anonymously and individually. Multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted to determine the strength of the relationships, at the individual response level and the aggregated restaurant location level. This study was unique in that it surveyed hourly employees in the fast food industry whereas the majority of studies have focused on managerial employees. The multiple regression analysis showed that age, primary wage earner status, distributive justice, interactional justice, and organizational socialization were all significantly related to an employee's intent to stay at the individual level.
Taking the thrombin "fork".

The proverb that probably best exemplifies my career in research is attributable to Yogi Berra (http://www.yogiberra.com/), ie, "when you come to a fork in the road . take it. " My career is a consequence of chance interactions with great mentors and talented students and the opportunities provided by a succession of ground-breaking improvements in technology.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR BIOFILMS ON THE SURFACE OF MONUMENTS

In this article, a system of nonlinear hyperbolic-elliptic partial differential equations is introduced to model the formation of biofilms. First, a short introduction to some basic concepts about biofilms is given. Then a detailed derivation of the model is presented, which is mainly based on the theory of mixtures, also in comparison with previous models. Adapted numerical schemes will be presented and numerical simulations will be discussed.
Effect of daily feed intake in laying period on laying performance, egg quality and egg composition of genetically fat and lean lines of chickens

1. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of feed intake on laying performance, egg quality and egg composition in a Fat line and a Lean line during the laying period (34 to 54 weeks of age). 2. The experiment was a 2 × 2 factorial design with two dietary intake levels (nutrition recommendation and 75% of recommendation) and two broiler genotypes (Fat line and Lean line). Hens (384 of each line) were randomly divided at 23 weeks of age into 4 treatments, with each treatment represented by 12 replicates of 16 birds each. The experiment started when the rate of lay reached 5% and continued until 54 weeks of age. 3. The results indicated that there was a significant interaction between daily feed intake and genotype on egg production, egg weight, percentage yolk, yolk/albumen ratio and yolk cholesterol content. Fat line hens produced significantly more eggs and had a lower incidence of cracked eggs than the Lean line hens. The reduction in feed intake decreased egg weight and increased egg production, egg-shape index and cholesterol content of yolk significantly.
Demonstration of multiple HPV types in laryngeal premalignant lesions using polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry

Recent evidence has shown that human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in both the development of carcinoma and in premalignant mucosal lesions of the oral cavity. This study examined the relationship of HPV infection to some pathological features in precancerous lesions of the larynx, not examined extensively so far. Fifty formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue sections containing human laryngeal precancerous lesions were screened for the presence of HPV infection by polymerase chain reaction, and for capsid protein expression by immunohistochemistry with polyclonal antibody directed against the L1 protein. The presence of HPV DNA was detected in 28 of 50 specimens (56%), including 9/12 cases with mild dysplasia (75%), 3/6 cases with moderate dysplasia (50%), and 7/11 cases with severe dysplasia (64%). Multiple HPV infections, containing two or three types, were detected in 17 of the 28 HPV‐positive lesions (60%). Of 21 cases with keratosis and no dysplasia, 11 were positive for HPV DNA (52%) and 4 showed L1 staining (36%). By contrast, L1 positivity was revealed only in two lesions with moderate dysplasia, confirming that fully productive HPV infection is strictly dependent on epithelial differentiation and surface keratinization. The probability that HPV is a cofactor in the malignant progression of these lesions is suggested by the fact that 3/4 patients who developed cancer within 50 months were positive for HPV DNA. J. Med. Virol. 59:110–116, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (Stat3) plays a critical role in implantation via progesterone receptor in uterus

Recent studies have shown that activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (Stat3) is required for decidualization, interacting with progesterone receptor (PR) in uterus. Based on previous reports, we hypothesized that crosstalk between STAT3 and PR signaling is required for successful implantation. To identify the interaction between STAT3 and PR isoforms, we performed immunoprecipitation following transient cotransfection and found that STAT3 physically interacted with PR‐A, which is known to be important for uterine development and function, but not with PR‐B. To further investigate the role of Stat3 in uterine function, Stat3 was conditionally ablated only in the PR‐positive cells (PRcre/+ Stat3f/f; Stat3d/d). Our studies revealed that ovarian function and uterine development of Stat3d/d mice were normal. However, Stat3d/d female mice were infertile due to defective embryo implantation. Unlike Stat3f/f mice, Stat3d/d mice exhibited an unclosed uterine lumen. Furthermore, uteri of Stat3d/d mice were unable to undergo a well‐characterized hormonally induced decidual reaction. The expression of stromal PR was decreased during decidualization and preimplantation period in Stat3d/d mice, and PR target genes were significantly down‐regulated after progesterone induction. Our results suggest that STAT3 and PR crosstalk is required for successful implantation in the mouse uterus. —Lee, J. H. , Kim, T. H. , Oh, S. J., Yoo, J.‐Y. , Akira, S. , Ku, B. J., Lydon, J. P., Jeong, J.‐W. Signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (Stat3) plays a critical role in implantation via progesterone receptor in uterus. FASEB J. 27, 2553–2563 (2013). www.fasebj. org
Large Genomic Mutations within the ATM Gene Detected by MLPA, Including a Duplication of 41 kb from Exon 4 to 20

Mutation detection remains problematic for large genes, primarily because PCR‐based methodology fails to detect heterozygous deletions and any duplication. In the ATM gene only a handful of multi‐exon deletions have been described to date, and this type of mutation has been considered rare. To address this issue we tested a new MLPA (Multiplex Ligation Probe Amplification) kit that covers 33 of the 66 ATM exons, using for controls two previously characterized genomic deletions in addition to three A‐T patients, taken from a survey of nine, who had missing four mutations unidentified after conventional mutation screening. We identified for the first time: 1) a ∼41 kb genomic duplication spanning exons 4–20 (c.‐30_2816dup41kb)(a.k.a., ATM dup 41 kb); 2) a novel genomic deletion including exon 31, and 3) in hemizygosis a point mutation in the non‐deleted exon 31. In this study we extended mutation detection to nine new Italian A‐T patients, using a combined approach of haplotype analysis, DHPLC and MLPA. Overall we achieved a mutation detection rate of >97%, and can now define a spectrum of ATM mutations based on twenty‐one consecutive Italian families with A‐T.
Using cognitive mapping to develop a community-based family intervention.

OBJECTIVE To describe the development of a consumer-oriented intervention for increasing intake of fruits and vegetables (FVs) in families (n=265). METHOD A cognitive-mapping approach was used to specify intervention performance objectives and a tailoring strategy. RESULTS MDS and hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that FV perceptions are organized into 6 clusters arrayed along 3 dimensions. In combination with 3 general family-functioning measures, 11 perceptions explained approximately 18% of the variance in parent FVI. K-means cluster analysis revealed 4 types of families. CONCLUSION Cognitive mapping provides a systematic approach for including qualitative data in the design of tailored interventions.
Graphene tunneling transit-time device with electrically induced p-i-n junction

We propose a graphene tunneling transit-time device based on a heterostructure with a lateral p-i-n junction electrically induced in the graphene layer, develop the device model, and calculate its ac characteristics. Using the developed device model, it is shown that the ballistic transit of electrons and holes generated due to interband tunneling in the i-section results in the negative ac conductance in the terahertz frequency range. The device can serve as an active element of terahertz oscillators
Hollow CoFe2O4 nanospheres as a high capacity anode material for lithium ion batteries

Hollow structured CoFe2O4 nanospheres were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The uniform hollow nanosphere architecture of the as-prepared CoFe2O4 has been confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis, which give an outer diameter of 200–300 nm and a wall thickness of about 100 nm. CoFe2O4 nanospheres exhibited a high reversible capacity of 1266 mA h g−1 with an excellent capacity retention of 93.6% over 50 cycles and an improved rate capability. CoFe2O4 could be a promising high capacity anode material for lithium ion batteries.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

In five studies, we measured the extent to which subjects weight moral product attributes in different response modes. We found that nonprice judgments such as likelihood of purchase ratings were more reflective of expressed moral attitudes than were pricing responses, and that holistic price evaluations were especially unlikely to reflect moral considerations. Post-task ratings confirmed the preference results, as did an experiment controlling for the influence of task goals. Our results have implications for compatibility theories of preference elicitation, the predictability of respondent ratings of attribute unacceptability, and the measurement of utilities for morally charged attributes. q 2001
Options for Immunologic Support of Renal Transplantation Through the HLA and Immunology Laboratories

HLA and immunology laboratories are an integral part of clinical kidney transplant programs. They assist transplant clinicians with evaluating the immunological suitability of potential recipients for transplantation and selecting donor‐recipient combinations with a low risk of immunological failure. With sophisticated new techniques becoming available for posttransplant immunological monitoring, laboratories play an increasing supporting role during posttransplant follow up. The level of precision at which immunological testing predicts clinical outcome, however, leaves room for improvement. In this article, we summarize the current state of diagnostics, discuss problems, and point out promising developments.