Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Virtual and Physical Training Transfer of Bimanual Assembly Tasks

As we explore the use of consumer virtual reality technology for training applications, there is a need to evaluate its validity compared to more traditional training formats. In this paper, we present a study that compares the effectiveness of virtual training and physical training for teaching a bimanual assembly task. In a between-subjects experiment, 60 participants were trained to solve three 3D burr puzzles in one of six conditions comprised of virtual and physical training elements. In the four physical conditions, training was delivered via paper- and video-based instructions, with or without the physical puzzles to practice with. In the two virtual conditions, participants learnt to assemble the puzzles in an interactive virtual environment, with or without 3D animations showing the assembly process. After training, we conducted immediate tests in which participants were asked to solve a physical version of the puzzles. We measured performance through success rates and assembly completion testing times. We also measured training times as well as subjective ratings on several aspects of the experience. Our results show that the performance of virtually trained participants was promising. A statistically significant difference was not found between virtual training with animated instructions and the best performing physical condition (in which physical blocks were available during training) for the last and most complex puzzle in terms of success rates and testing times. Performance in retention tests two weeks after training was generally not as good as expected for all experimental conditions. We discuss the implications of the results and highlight the validity of virtual reality systems in training.
PRESENCE OF PHYCOERYTHRIN IN TWO STRAINS OF PROCHLOROCOCCUS (CYANOBACTERIA) ISOLATED FROM THE SUBTROPICAL NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN 

Prochlorococcus is a ubiquitous marine oxyphotobacterium characterized by the presence of DV‐chl a and b. In addition, the type strain Prochlorococcus marinus Chisholm et al. CCMP 1375 (or SS120), an isolate from the Sargasso Sea, contains low levels of an unusual phycoerythrin. Until now, it has been unclear if phycoerythrin occurs randomly within this systematic group and if the molecular characteristics of this phycoerythrin are restricted to this single strain. Here, we show that two additional Prochlorococcus strains from the Pacific Ocean also contain similar low levels of phycoerythrin. DNA sequence and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that this phycoerythrin is very similar to the phycoerythrin of P. marinus SS120 and differs from the classic cyanobacterial phycoerythrins. In contrast, a third isolate from the Arabian Sea lacks phycoerythrin. Based on the DV‐chl b:a ratio and 16S rRNA sequence data, we classify the two Pacific phycoerythrin‐containing isolates as low‐light‐adapted strains and the Arabian Sea isolate as a high‐light‐adapted strain. Thus, we provide further evidence to link the physiology of an individual genotype and the presence or absence of functional phycoerythrin genes within the genus Prochlorococcus.
Research on Multi-field Coupling Numerical Simulation of High Temperature Heat Exchangers

The numerical model for the high temperature heat exchanger was established to simulate its flow and heat transfer characteristics at five working conditions;A finite element analysis model for the heat exchanger's bundle was built in ANSYS model,and through ANSYS CFX-POST,both temperature and pressure field simulated in FLUNT were accurately mapped to ANSYS structure model to analyze the heat exchanger with multi-field coupling method;Through analyzing thermal-structural stress,both equivalent stress and displacement distribution of heat exchanger's bundle was determined,including the maximum stress's location and its value so as to evaluate heat exchanger's strength.
Characterizing Computational Thinking in High School Science

This study identifies high school students’ computational thinking practices in the context of science, technology, engineering, and math (CT-STEM practices) and the relationships between their practices-in-use. More specifically, we explore the CT-STEM practices that emerged as a result of students’ participation in a two-day biology lesson featuring the exploration of a computational model on predator-prey dynamics. Digitally recorded data were taken from seventy-six students across four classes of one teacher. By applying a grounded analysis to students’ written responses to two different assessment items embedded within the lesson, we found four CT-STEM practices related to identifying a model’s limitations and eight practices related to exploring the model. Applying a network analysis to responses coded for these practices, we found networks representing common patterns of practices-in-use. This work identifies the informal CT-STEM practices that students bring to their learning and models combinations of practices-in-use.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Genome-wide association study to identify common variants associated with brachial circumference

Brachial circumference (BC), also known as upper arm or mid arm circumference, can be used as an indicator of muscle mass and fat tissue, which are distributed differently in men and women. Analysis of anthropometric measures of peripheral fat distribution such as BC could help in understanding the complex pathophysiology behind overweight and obesity. The purpose of this study is to identify genetic variants associated with BC through a large-scale genome-wide association scan (GWAS) meta-analysis. We used fixed-effects meta-analysis to synthesise summary results across 14 GWAS discovery and 4 replication cohorts comprising overall 22,376 individuals (12,031 women and 10,345 men) of European ancestry. Individual analyses were carried out for men, women, and combined across sexes using linear regression and an additive genetic model: adjusted for age and adjusted for age and BMI. We prioritised signals for follow-up in two-stages. We did not detect any signals reaching genome-wide significance. The FTO rs9939609 SNP showed nominal evidence for association (p , 0.05) in the age-adjusted strata for men and across both sexes. In this first GWAS meta-analysis for BC to date, we have not identified any genome-wide significant signals and do not observe robust association of previously established obesity loci with BC. Large-scale collaborations will be necessary to achieve higher power to detect loci underlying BC.
A Secure Link State Routing Protocol for NDN

The Named-data Link State Routing protocol (NLSR) is a protocol for intra-domain routing in Named Data Networking (NDN). It is an application level protocol similar to many IP routing protocols, but NLSR uses NDN’s interest/data packets to disseminate routing updates, directly benefiting from NDN’s built-in data authenticity. The NLSR design, which was first developed in 2013 and deployed on the NDN test bed in August 2014, has undergone significant changes. Following an application-driven design approach, NLSR’s development helped drive the development of the trust/security functionality of NDN libraries as well as a number of features in NDN’s forwarding daemon and ChronoSync. In this paper, we describe the current design and implementation of NLSR, with emphasis on those features that differentiate it from an IP-based link state routing protocol: 1) naming: a hierarchical naming scheme for routers, keys, and routing updates; 2) security: a hierarchical trust model for routing within a single administrative domain; 3) routing information dissemination: using ChronoSync to disseminate routing updates; and 4) multipath routing: a simple way to calculate and rank multiple forwarding options. Although NLSR is designed in the context of a single domain, its design patterns may offer a useful reference for future development of inter-domain routing protocols.
The L test of functional mobility: measurement properties of a modified version of the timed "up & go" test designed for people with lower-limb amputations.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Walk tests provide essential outcome information when assessing ambulation of individuals with lower-limb amputation and a prosthetic device. Existing tests have limitations such as ceiling effects or insufficient challenge. The objective of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of data for a clinical measure of basic mobility, the L Test of Functional Mobility (L Test). SUBJECTS For this methodological study, 93 people with unilateral amputations (74% transtibial, 26% transfemoral; 78% male, 22% female; mean age=55.9 years) were consecutively recruited from an outpatient clinic. Twenty-seven subjects returned for retesting. METHODS To assess concurrent validity, subjects completed the L Test, Timed "Up & Go" Test (TUG), 10-Meter Walk Test, and 2-Minute Walk Test, followed by the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale, Frenchay Activities Index (FAI), and mobility subscale of the Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ-MS). Amputation cause and level, walking aid use, automatic stepping, and age variables were used to assess discriminant validity. RESULTS Intraclass correlation coefficients were . 96 for interrater reliability and . 97 for intrarater reliability, and minimal bias existed upon retesting. The magnitude of concurrent validity correlations (r) was very high between the L Test data and data for other walk tests and fair to moderate between the L Test data and data for self-report measures. The L Test discriminated between all groups as hypothesized. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The L Test is a 20-m test of basic mobility skills that includes 2 transfers and 4 turns. It demonstrated excellent measurement properties in this study.
Towards LP modeling for maximizing throughput and minimizing routing delay in proactive protocols in Wireless Multi-hop Networks

Wireless Multi-hop Networks (WMhNs) provide users with the facility to communicate while moving with whatever the node speed, the node density and the number of traffic flows they want, without any unwanted delay and/or disruption. This paper contributes Linear Programming models (LP_models) for WMhNs. In WMhNs, different routing protocols are used to facilitate users demand(s). To practically examine constraints of respective LP_models over different routing techniques, we select three proactive routing protocols; Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV), Fish-eye State Routing (FSR) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR). These protocols are simulated in two important scenarios regarding to user demands; mobilities and different network flows. To evaluate the performance, we further relate the protocols strategy effects on respective constraints in selected network scenarios.
Transport efficiency of membrane-anchored kinesin-1 motors depends on motor density and diffusivity

Significance Molecular motors, such as kinesin-1, are essential molecules involved in active intracellular transport. Current mechanistic insights on transport by motors are mainly based on in vitro studies where the motors are bound to rigid substrates. However, when transporting membranous cargo under physiological conditions, multiple motors are often only loosely coupled via a lipid bilayer. In this study, we investigate how the motors’ transport efficiency is affected when bound to a lipid bilayer. In our reconstituted gliding motility assays, we show that membrane-anchored motors exhibit reduced transport efficiency due to slippage in the lipid bilayer. Notably, the efficiency increases at higher motor density and reduced membrane diffusivity, providing cells with an additional means of regulating the efficiency of cargo transport. In eukaryotic cells, membranous vesicles and organelles are transported by ensembles of motor proteins. These motors, such as kinesin-1, have been well characterized in vitro as single molecules or as ensembles rigidly attached to nonbiological substrates. However, the collective transport by membrane-anchored motors, that is, motors attached to a fluid lipid bilayer, is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the influence of motors’ anchorage to a lipid bilayer on the collective transport characteristics. We reconstituted “membrane-anchored” gliding motility assays using truncated kinesin-1 motors with a streptavidin-binding peptide tag that can attach to streptavidin-loaded, supported lipid bilayers. We found that the diffusing kinesin-1 motors propelled the microtubules in the presence of ATP. Notably, we found the gliding velocity of the microtubules to be strongly dependent on the number of motors and their diffusivity in the lipid bilayer. The microtubule gliding velocity increased with increasing motor density and membrane viscosity, reaching up to the stepping velocity of single motors. This finding is in contrast to conventional gliding motility assays where the density of surface-immobilized kinesin-1 motors does not influence the microtubule velocity over a wide range. We reason that the transport efficiency of membrane-anchored motors is reduced because of their slippage in the lipid bilayer, an effect that we directly observed using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. Our results illustrate the importance of motor–cargo coupling, which potentially provides cells with an additional means of regulating the efficiency of cargo transport.
Comparison of Dietary Quality Assessment Using Food Frequency Questionnaire and 24-hour-recalls in Older Men and Women

Objectives To examine the agreement in nutrient intake and alternative healthy eating indices (AHEI) between a self-administered Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and 24-hour recall (24HR) measurements of diet by gender, among older adults. Material and methods This is a cross-sectional observational study of 105 men and 99 women aged 65 and older living in urban and rural neighborhoods in Worcester County, Massachusetts, USA. Participants were queried on diet using both FFQ and 24HR. The healthy eating classification was compared between the two instruments by gender. Results For men, the mean ± SD of AHEI total score was 48.2 ± 12.3 based on FFQ versus 34.7 ± 10.2 based on 24HR. For women, the mean ± SD was 47.9 ± 10.1 based on FFQ versus 36.1 ± 10.0 based on 24HR. Using 32 as the cutoff (40% of maximum AHEI score), 9% of men and 7% of women were classified as eating unhealthy based on the FFQ, versus 47% of men and 38% of women based on 24HR. Compared to women, men had larger 24HR to FFQ discrepancies in the nuts and vegetable protein subscore and white/red meat ratio, and smaller discrepancy in alcohol beverages subscore. Conclusion Agreements between FFQ and 24HR-based measures of diet quality were roughly comparable between men and women, though slightly better for women than men. Compared to 24HR, the FFQ tended to underestimate the proportions of older men and women classified as eating unhealthy and misclassified more men than women. Such limitations should be considered when the FFQ is used to study healthy eating in older age.
Pak1 regulates dendritic branching and spine formation

The serine/threonine kinase p21‐activated kinase 1 (Pak1) modulates actin and microtubule dynamics. The neuronal functions of Pak1, despite its abundant expression in the brain, have not yet been fully delineated. Previously, we reported that Pak1 mediates initiation of dendrite formation. In the present study, the role of Pak1 in dendritogenesis, spine formation and maintenance was examined in detail. Overexpression of constitutively active‐Pak1 in immature cortical neurons increased not only the number of the primary branching on apical dendrites but also the number of basal dendrites. In contrast, introduction of dominant negative‐Pak caused a reduction in both of these morphological features. The length and the number of secondary apical branch points of dendrites were not significantly different in cultured neurons expressing these mutant forms, suggesting that Pak1 plays a role in dendritogenesis. Pak1 also plays a role in the formation and maintenance of spines, as evidenced by the altered spine morphology, resulting from overexpression of mutant forms of Pak1 in immature and mature hippocampal neurons. Thus, our results provide further evidence of the key role of Pak1 in the regulation of dendritogenesis, dendritic arborization, the spine formation, and maintenance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Post‐Inhibitory Rebound Spikes in Rat Medial Entorhinal Layer II/III Principal Cells: In Vivo, In Vitro, and Computational Modeling Characterization

Abstract Medial entorhinal cortex Layer‐II stellate cells (mEC‐LII‐SCs) primarily interact via inhibitory interneurons. This suggests the presence of alternative mechanisms other than excitatory synaptic inputs for triggering action potentials (APs) in stellate cells during spatial navigation. Our intracellular recordings show that the hyperpolarization‐activated cation current (Ih) allows post‐inhibitory‐rebound spikes (PIRS) in mEC‐LII‐SCs. In vivo, strong inhibitory‐post‐synaptic potentials immediately preceded most APs shortening their delay and enhancing excitability. In vitro experiments showed that inhibition initiated spikes more effectively than excitation and that more dorsal mEC‐LII‐SCs produced faster and more synchronous spikes. In contrast, PIRS in Layer‐II/III pyramidal cells were harder to evoke, voltage‐independent, and slower in dorsal mEC. In computational simulations, mEC‐LII‐SCs morphology and Ih homeostatically regulated the dorso‐ventral differences in PIRS timing and most dendrites generated PIRS with a narrow range of stimulus amplitudes. These results suggest inhibitory inputs could mediate the emergence of grid cell firing in a neuronal network.
Twitter100k: A Real-World Dataset for Weakly Supervised Cross-Media Retrieval

This paper contributes a new large-scale dataset for weakly supervised cross-media retrieval, named Twitter100k. Current datasets, such as Wikipedia, NUS Wide, and Flickr30k, have two major limitations. First, these datasets are lacking in content diversity, i.e., only some predefined classes are covered. Second, texts in these datasets are written in well-organized language, leading to inconsistency with realistic applications. To overcome these drawbacks, the proposed Twitter100k dataset is characterized by two aspects: it has 100 000 image–text pairs randomly crawled from Twitter, and thus, has no constraint in the image categories; and text in Twitter100k is written in informal language by the users. Since strongly supervised methods leverage the class labels that may be missing in practice, this paper focuses on weakly supervised learning for cross-media retrieval, in which only text-image pairs are exploited during training. We extensively benchmark the performance of four subspace learning methods and three variants of the correspondence AutoEncoder, along with various text features on Wikipedia, Flickr30k, and Twitter100k. As a minor contribution, we also design a deep neural network to learn cross-modal embeddings for Twitter100k. Inspired by the characteristic of Twitter100k, we propose a method to integrate optical character recognition into cross-media retrieval. The experiment results show that the proposed method improves the baseline performance.
Nutritional Epidemiology Maternal Iron Deficiency Anemia Affects Postpartum Emotions and Cognition 1

The aim of this study was to determine whether iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in mothers alters their maternal cognitive and behavioral performance, the mother-infant interaction, and the infant’s development. This article focuses on the relation between IDA and cognition as well as behavioral affect in the young mothers. This prospective, randomized, controlled, intervention trial was conducted in South Africa among 3 groups of mothers: nonanemic controls and anemic mothers receiving either placebo (10 g folate and 25 mg vitamin C) or daily iron (125 mg FeS04, 10 g folate, 25 mg vitamin C). Mothers of full-term normal birth weight babies were followed from 10 wk to 9 mo postpartum (n 81). Maternal hematologic and iron status, socioeconomic, cognitive, and emotional status, motherinfant interaction, and the development of the infants were assessed at 10 wk and 9 mo postpartum. Behavioral and cognitive variables at baseline did not differ between iron-deficient anemic mothers and nonanemic mothers. However, iron treatment resulted in a 25% improvement (P 0.05) in previously iron-deficient mothers’ depression and stress scales as well as in the Raven’s Progressive Matrices test. Anemic mothers administered placebo did not improve in behavioral measures. Multivariate analysis showed a strong association between iron status variables (hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and transferrin saturation) and cognitive variables (Digit Symbol) as well as behavioral variables (anxiety, stress, depression). This study demonstrates that there is a strong relation between iron status and depression, stress, and cognitive functioning in poor African mothers during the postpartum period. There are likely ramifications of this poorer “functioning” on mother-child interactions and infant development, but the constraints around this relation will have to be defined in larger studies. J. Nutr. 135: 267–272, 2005.
18F-AV-1451 positron emission tomography in Alzheimer’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy

The extent to which the tau tracer [18F]AV-1451 can differentiate between tauopathies is unknown. By comparing patients with Alzheimer’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Passamonti et al. show that [18F]AV-1451 displays greater specificity for Alzheimer-related tau pathology than PSP-related pathology. A machine learning algorithm correctly diagnosed 94% of cases.
3D holographic compression methods for real time applications

With the continuing growth of multimedia technology, demand for three dimensional (3D) image/video holograms transmission and storage is increasing rapidly in real time applications. However, to speed up information transmission for real-time system and reduce disk storage, digital holographic compression methods are be used. In this paper, the digital holographic compression methods for reducing 3D video holograms size are presented with the discussion of their advantages and drawbacks.
Bayesian voting of multiple annotators for improved QT interval estimation

Human bias and significant intra- and inter- observer variance exist in electrocardiogram QT interval evaluation. A Bayesian approach (BA) with an informative prior, that combines measures from multiple humans or algorithms as well as contextual information (such as heart rate and signal quality) was developed for inferring the true QT length. The developed method is compared to the mean and median voting approaches by computing the root-mean-square (RMS) error between the computed QT lengths and the reference annotations provided by the 2006 PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge. The BA with features can reduces the human RMS error of QT estimates to 6.04ms and 13.97ms for automated algorithms, out-performing the results in the Challenge of 6.67ms and 16.34ms respectively. For three annotators, the BA had a 10.7% improvement over the next best voting strategy for manual annotations, and 14.4% for automated algorithms. For large numbers of annotators, the BA estimates became approximately equal to the best-performing annotator.