Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A TYPOLOGY OF COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP BASED ON INFLUENCE AND INTERACTION WITHIN THE LEADER SUBSYSTEM

A MONG the several approaches to community study which have been recently outlined,' the interactional approach focuses on the relationships of individuals and groups in a sequence of action, generally within a specific problem context. Important elements of study in this approach are the participants or actors and the relational systems through which action is carried on.2 Of central importance in an analysis of community dynamics are the actions of a particular type of participant generally referred to as a "community leader. " Much of the research on leaders at the community level has been concerned with the "attributes" of leaders rather than with their actions within a particular situational context.3 Moreover, few studies have attempted to examine community leaders as themselves constituting a social subsystem characterized by certain norms and patterns of interaction. As Gouldner points out:
Standards for Which the Ellipsometric Parameter psi Remains Insensitive to Variations in the Angle of Incidence.

We examine the possibility of using two- and three-phase systems suitable as standards for which the ellipsometric parameter ? remains insensitive to variations in the angle of incidence. These standards avoid propagation of errors in the angle of incidence with respect to the measured standard ? value. Different materials (dielectrics, metals, and semiconductors), adequate for the above purpose, are considered in different structure combinations, and their optical response are analyzed.
Repellent effect of topical deltamethrin on blood feeding by Culicoides on horses

African horse sickness (AHS) is a vectorborne disease spread by Culicoides biting midges. The UK's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs currently suggests using topical deltamethrin for AHS control; however, no data are available regarding its efficacy in the horse. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of topical deltamethrin on blood feeding by Culicoides on horses and to investigate which Culicoides species blood fed on horses. Three pairs of horses were placed in partially enclosed cages that allowed samples representing the Culicoides interacting with individual horses to be sampled. Four data collection sessions were completed before one horse from each pair was topically treated with 10 ml of 1 per cent deltamethrin solution and another four sessions were then carried out. Collected Culicoides were identified and each biting midge examined to see if it had blood fed. The most abundant species collected were C. chiopterus, C. dewulfi, C. obsoletus and C. scoticus (44.3 per cent) and either C. pulicaris or C. punctatus (34.7 per cent). These species were also more likely to have blood fed than other species, supporting their potential role as AHS vectors if the virus were to reach the UK. There was no significant effect of treatment on blood feeding by Culicoides. The results do not support the use of topical deltamethrin to prevent blood feeding by Culicoides on individual horses; however, the study does not investigate the effect that the widespread use of topical deltamethrin might have on vector numbers or disease transmission from viraemic individuals during an outbreak of AHS.
Generalizability of Cognitive Differentiation across Product and Social Domains

This study examined the degree to which cognitive differentiation—the capacity to view objects, persons, and events in a multidimensional manner—was generalized across two very different consumer products and interpersonal relations. Substantial generalizability would hold important implications for understanding choice processes. The observed correlations between differentiation scores for the three domains were weak although statistically significant in two cases.
Inhibition of fibrin polymerization by fibrinogen proteolysis products.

The action of fibrinogen proteolysis products in inhibiting fibrinogen-fibrin conversion by thrombin has excited considerable interest because of its possible significance in blood coagulation. This reaction has been investigated by following the polymerization of highly purified fibrin monomer, in the presence and absence of fibrinogen proteolysis products, by a spectrophotometric procedure. Fibrinogen proteolysis products inhibited polymerization at low ratios of proteolysis products/monomer, and both early and late phases of polymerization were equally affected. Polymerization rates of fibrin monomer, as apart from the gel point, were little influenced by reaction temperature over the range 15–35 C, and the degree of inhibition produced by fibrinogen proteolysis products was likewise independent of temperature. A linear relationship was demonstrated between the degree of inhibition to polymerization and the ratio of fibrinogen proteolysis products to monomer. It is suggested that the inhibitory mechanism involves the coupling of fibrinogen proteolysis products with monomer in a "competitive" manner.
Coherent Structures of Characteristic Curves in Symmetric Second Order Tensor Fields

This paper generalizes the concept of Lagrangian coherent structures, which is known for its potential to visualize coherent regions in vector fields and to distinguish them from each other. In particular, we extend the concept of the flow map to generic mappings of coordinates. As the major application of this generalization, we present a semiglobal method for visualizing coherent structures in symmetric second order tensor fields. We demonstrate the usefulness by examples from DT-MRI, uncovering anatomical structures in linearly anisotropic regions not amenable to local feature criteria. To further exemplify the suitability of our concept, we also present its application to stress tensor fields. Last, an accelerated implementation utilizing GPUs is presented.
Novel Quorum-Sensing Peptides Mediating Interspecies Bacterial Cell Death

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli mazEF is a toxin-antitoxin stress-induced module mediating cell death. It requires the quorum-sensing signal (QS) “extracellular death factor” (EDF), the penta-peptide NNWNN (EcEDF), enhancing the endoribonucleolytic activity of E. coli toxin MazF. Here we discovered that E. coli mazEF-mediated cell death could be triggered by QS peptides from the supernatants (SN) of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis and the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the SN of B. subtilis, we found one EDF, the hexapeptide RGQQNE, called BsEDF. In the SN of P. aeruginosa, we found three EDFs: the nonapeptide INEQTVVTK, called PaEDF-1, and two hexadecapeptides, VEVSDDGSGGNTSLSQ, called PaEDF-2, and APKLSDGAAAGYVTKA, called PaEDF-3. When added to a diluted E. coli cultures, each of these peptides acted as an interspecies EDF that triggered mazEF-mediated death. Furthermore, though their sequences are very different, each of these EDFs amplified the endoribonucleolytic activity of E. coli MazF, probably by interacting with different sites on E. coli MazF. Finally, we suggest that EDFs may become the basis for a new class of antibiotics that trigger death from outside the bacterial cells. IMPORTANCE Bacteria communicate with one another via quorum-sensing signal (QS) molecules. QS provides a mechanism for bacteria to monitor each other’s presence and to modulate gene expression in response to population density. Previously, we added E. coli EDF (EcEDF), the peptide NNWNN, to this list of QS molecules. Here we extended the group of QS peptides to several additional different peptides. The new EDFs are produced by two other bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, in this study we established a “new family of EDFs. ” This family provides the first example of quorum-sensing molecules participating in interspecies bacterial cell death. Furthermore, each of these peptides provides the basis of a new class of antibiotics triggering death by acting from outside the cell. Bacteria communicate with one another via quorum-sensing signal (QS) molecules. QS provides a mechanism for bacteria to monitor each other’s presence and to modulate gene expression in response to population density. Previously, we added E. coli EDF (EcEDF), the peptide NNWNN, to this list of QS molecules. Here we extended the group of QS peptides to several additional different peptides. The new EDFs are produced by two other bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, in this study we established a “new family of EDFs. ” This family provides the first example of quorum-sensing molecules participating in interspecies bacterial cell death. Furthermore, each of these peptides provides the basis of a new class of antibiotics triggering death by acting from outside the cell.
Lallemantia reylenne seeds as superdisintegrant: Formulation and evaluation of nimesulide orodispersible tablets

Aim: Orodispersible tablets also known as fast dissolving tablets disintegrate instantaneously within the mouth and thus can be consumed without water. The present study was aimed to formulate orodispersible tablets of nimesulide by using Lallemantia reylenne seeds as natural superdisintegrant. Materials and Methods: Powdered lallemantia seeds were characterized for powder flow properties (bulk density, tapped density, carr's consolidation index, hausner ratio, angle of repose), swelling index, viscosity, pH, and loss on drying. The prepared tablets were evaluated for different tablet parametric tests, wetting time, water absorption ratio, effective pore radius, porosity, packing fraction, in vitro and in vivo disintegration time, in vitro dissolution and stability studies. Results and Discussion: Increase in Lallementia reylenne concentration had an appreciable effect on tablet hardness and friability which clearly indicated binding potential of the seeds. Water absorption ratio increased with increase in Lallemantia reylenne concentration from batch A1 to A4. Water uptake coupled natural polymer swelling could be the most probable mechanism for concentration dependent reduction in disintegration time by the Lallemantia reylenne seeds. Porosity of the formulated tablets was found to increase from batch A1-A4. The in vitro disintegration results were in line with in vivo disintegration results. Conclusion: It could be concluded that Lallemantia reylenne seeds could be used as natural superdisintegrant in the formulation of orodispersible tablets.
Motivation and Engagement in Authorship Learning

ABSTRACT Constructionist principles provide fertile ground for developing innovative approaches to learning. Using a grounded theory qualitative research design, we analyzed participant reports of their experience in an online course in which they collaboratively authored a book. Our qualitative analysis suggested that participants experienced extraordinary engagement and motivation, which they interpreted as being related to the collaborative process, their own agency in the project, and the externalized value of creating an artifact intended for a public audience. A new metaphor for learning emerged from the study based on the concept of authorship. Our authorship learning construct sees learning as a process of authoring understanding and skills while simultaneously authoring at multiple levels of agency, including authorship of processes, roles, goals, artifacts, meaning, self, group identity, and society.
A Sub- ${\boldsymbol kT}/\boldsymbol q$  Voltage Reference Operating at 150 mV

We propose a subthreshold CMOS voltage reference operating with a minimum supply voltage of only 150 mV, which is three times lower than the minimum value presently reported in the literature. The generated reference voltage is only 17.69 mV. This result has been achieved by introducing a temperature compensation technique that does not require the drain-source voltage of each MOSFET to be larger than 4kT/q. The implemented solution consists in two transistors voltage reference with two MOSFETs of the same threshold-type and exploits the dependence of the threshold voltage on transistor size. Measurements performed over a large sample population of 60 chips from two separate batches show a standard deviation of only 0.29 mV. The mean variation of the reference voltage for VDD ranging from 0.15 to 1.8 V is 359.5 μV/V, whereas the mean variation of VREF in the temperature range from 0 °C to 120 °C is 26.74 μV/°C. The mean power consumption at 25 °C for VDD = 0.15 V is 26.1 pW. The occupied area is 1200 μm2.
Hardware Trojan detection through golden chip-free statistical side-channel fingerprinting

Statistical side channel fingerprinting is a popular hardware Trojan detection method, wherein a parametric signature of a chip is collected and compared to a trusted region in a multi-dimensional space. This trusted region is statistically established so that, despite the uncertainty incurred by process variations, the fingerprint of Trojan-free chips is expected to fall within this region while the fingerprint of Trojan-infested chips is expected to fall outside. Learning this trusted region, however, assumes availability of a small set of trusted (i.e. “golden”) chips. Herein, we rescind this assumption and we demonstrate that an almost equally effective trusted region can be learned through a combination of a trusted simulation model, measurements from process control monitors (PCMs) which are typically present either on die or on wafer kerf, and advanced statistical tail modeling techniques. Effectiveness of this method is evaluated using silicon measurements from two hardware Trojan-infested versions of a wireless cryptographic integrated circuit.
Algorithms for community subject-identification: experiments and test results

We deal with the problem of finding the subject that a given set of pages deals with. The algorithms presented have been designed with a view to provide good results when pages that belong to community (or handle some common topic) are presented to them. When a set of pages are presented, the algorithms return a set of words ordered in the decreasing order of relevance. The words among the first few can be used to identify the topic that the set deals with. The algorithms have been tested by providing them with pages returned from a search engine for a given search query and their performance is assessed based on how high the words used in the search query are placed in the list returned by the algorithm.
Zung Depression Scores for CVA Patients Enrolled in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Program

Due to the motivation required for post-stroke rehabilitation, detection and treatment of depression is critical. A validated instrument with relevant norms that is easily administered and accepted by patients is needed. Zung Depression Inventory scores were collected, using the interview format which elicits patient's endorsement of presence or absence of symptoms of depression. Data were collected for 89 consecutive patient admissions (avg age=68.5; 41 males, 48 females; 56% white, 44% black. 64 Right and 25 Left CVA's; severely dysphasic patients excluded) to an inpatient rehabilitation program. Comparable to findings from other studies, roughly 55% of patients in this sample reported significant levels of depressive symptomatology according to Zung's norms for the elderly. The greater proportion of Right hemisphere CVA's in the present sample suggested the possibility of a greater percentage of patients underestimating symptomatology compared to other samples. However, no differences in level of depression were found when comparing Right and Left hemisphere CVA patients, though the exclusion of severely dysphasic patients from the present sample and the absence of anterior-posterior localization may limit the meaningfulness of this comparison. Item analysis revealed that feelings of sadness and crying spells correlated least with global depression scores. These traditional hallmarks of depression (i.e. affective disturbance) appear to have little validity for this population, probably due to the occurrence of organically based emotional lability. In contrast, items measuring cognitions related to hopelessness and death wishes were most strongly predictive of global depression levels. Consistent with studies suggesting a strong somatic component in depression among the elderly, the somatic subscale of the Zung was more correlated with global depression than ideational, psychomotor, or affective subscales. Though global depression scores were not significantly different between sexes, female patients reported more cognitive symptoms compared to males.
Challenging recommended oral and intravenous voriconazole doses for improved efficacy and safety: population pharmacokinetics-based analysis of adult patients with invasive fungal infections.

BACKGROUND Recommended oral voriconazole (VRC) doses are lower than intravenous doses. Because plasma concentrations impact efficacy and safety of therapy, optimizing individual drug exposure may improve these outcomes. METHODS A population pharmacokinetic analysis (NONMEM) was performed on 505 plasma concentration measurements involving 55 patients with invasive mycoses who received recommended VRC doses. RESULTS A 1-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination best fitted the data. VRC clearance was 5.2 L/h, the volume of distribution was 92 L, the absorption rate constant was 1.1 hour(-1), and oral bioavailability was 0.63. Severe cholestasis decreased VRC elimination by 52%. A large interpatient variability was observed on clearance (coefficient of variation [CV], 40%) and bioavailability (CV 84%), and an interoccasion variability was observed on bioavailability (CV, 93%). Lack of response to therapy occurred in 12 of 55 patients (22%), and grade 3 neurotoxicity occurred in 5 of 55 patients (9%). A logistic multivariate regression analysis revealed an independent association between VRC trough concentrations and probability of response or neurotoxicity by identifying a therapeutic range of 1.5 mg/L (>85% probability of response) to 4.5 mg/L (<15% probability of neurotoxicity). Population-based simulations with the recommended 200 mg oral or 300 mg intravenous twice-daily regimens predicted probabilities of 49% and 87%, respectively, for achievement of 1.5 mg/L and of 8% and 37%, respectively, for achievement of 4.5 mg/L. With 300-400 mg twice-daily oral doses and 200-300 mg twice-daily intravenous doses, the predicted probabilities of achieving the lower target concentration were 68%-78% for the oral regimen and 70%-87% for the intravenous regimen, and the predicted probabilities of achieving the upper target concentration were 19%-29% for the oral regimen and 18%-37% for the intravenous regimen. CONCLUSIONS Higher oral than intravenous VRC doses, followed by individualized adjustments based on measured plasma concentrations, improve achievement of the therapeutic target that maximizes the probability of therapeutic response and minimizes the probability of neurotoxicity. These findings challenge dose recommendations for VRC.
Pump power distribution in bidirectional pumped dual-stage L-band EDFA

Bidirectional pumped dual-stage L-band EDFA utilizing a single power splitter and pump laser has been presented in this paper. A power splitter has been used to distribute the pump power bidirectionally to pump two EDFs with different length. An average gain of 18.6 dB with average NF of 8.6 dB has been attained when the signal is equal to 0 dBm ranging from 1570 nm to 1605 nm signal. By using a single pump simultaneously with low gain ripple of less than 0.7 dB throughout the L-band transmission window.
EnHiC: An enforced hill climbing based system for general game playing

Accurate decision making in games has always been a very complex and yet interesting problem in Artificial Intelligence (AI). General video game playing (GVGP) is a new branch of AI whose target is to design agents that are able to win in every unknown game environment by choosing wise decisions. This paper proposes a new search methodology based on enforced hill climbing for using in GVGP and we evaluate its performance on the benchmarks of the general video game AI competition (GVG-AI). Also a simple and efficient heuristic function for GVGP is proposed. The results show that EnHiC outperforms several well-known and successful methods in the GVG-AI competition.
Experience of finding inconsistently-changed bugs in code clones of mobile software

When we reuse a code fragment, some of the identifiers in the fragment might be systematically changed to others. Failing these changes would become a potential bug in the copied fragment. We have developed a tool CloneInspector to detect such inconsistent changes in the code clones, and applied it to two mobile software systems. Using this tool, we were effectively able to find latent bugs in those systems.
Sustainable food choices: main values and goal orientations

This paper aims to improve our understanding of more sustainable food choices – in terms of moral and health aspects of eating. The aim of sustainability may require that people in Western countries choose to eat smaller quantities of meat as well as types of meat that are produced in a more responsible way. Focusing on mediators of the relationship between universalistic values and meat choices, we examined how involvement in food can be separated into promotion-oriented and prevention-oriented motivational goals. In a survey among 1530 Dutch consumers we found that the combination of involvement and goal orientations revealed significant differences between reflection-oriented, taste-oriented, ordinary meal oriented, big meal oriented and non-involved consumers. It appeared that food choices in favour of less meat or freerange meat could be attributed to the priority of universalistic values, a specific attitude (pickiness or animal friendliness respectively), and reflection-oriented food choice motives. IVM Working Paper: IVM 06/06
An analysis of the potential for mobile auctions in China

The growth of mobile communications and online auctions in China has been rapid. This article examines the acceptance of mobile auctions – a product of the convergence of these trends. The methodology is based on the testing of a statistical model founded on the technology acceptance literature. The findings support the Technology Acceptance Model and indicate the importance of trust (i.e. Trusting Beliefs and intentions), social influence (i.e. Social Image) and individual characteristics (i.e. age, knowledge and enjoyment) in influencing the acceptance of m-auctions. The article rounds off with a summary and conclusions, examining the implications for future research and practice.
A Biological Image Restoration Method with Independently Local Dictionary Learning

In Recent years, sparse representation has been significantly applied in many image processing problems, such as image restoration, face recognition and image super-resolution, and shown promising results. The key issue of sparse representation is how to find a reasonable representation dictionary, through which the image can be presented more sparsely. In this paper, we addressed the biological image restoration, which was an important preprocessing technique for security identification, and proposed a novel sparse-based cost function. Considering the significant difference of underlying structure within different patches, we independently trained the dictionary using a set of self-similarity patches to present each patch more sparsely. To solve the proposed cost function, an approach based on alternating optimization was presented to obtain the approximate solution. Some experiments on face and palm images demonstrated that the proposed method was superior to many existing excellent methods.