Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DOMAIN SPECIFIC INFRASTRUCTURE FOR CODE SMELL DETECTION IN LARGE-SCALE SOFTWARE SYSTEMS

Modern software systems are comprised of thousands of components, built by multiple teams and dozens of developers scattered across geographical boundaries. Ensuring the quality of such software systems requires thorough calibration across multiple technologies, various application domains and clear identification of application boundaries. Therefore, the quality cannot be guaranteed at the level of individual developers or quality assurance engineers, without exploiting sophisticated automated tools. As a result, software analysis; static code analysis in particular has become a gold rush topic among software practitioners as well as software researchers. Despite the benefits of using such static analysis tools to improve software quality (i.e., find bugs, find code clones), recent studies suggest that these tools are underused. Therefore, in this research, we tackled that problem in a different angle by introducing a novel Domain Specific Language (DSL) for static analysis, with a particular focus on detecting bad smells in the source code. In our opinion, the DSL that was developed during this research is a stepping-stone to guide software analysis research to a higher level. In addition to the basic code smells detection; the underline infrastructure allows integrating with version control repositories and various other project management tools to ensure several rich functionalities.
Living well to the end: A phenomenological analysis of life in extra care housing

Objectives To understand older adults’ experiences of moving into extra care housing which offers enrichment activities alongside social and healthcare support. Design A longitudinal study was conducted which adopted a phenomenological approach to data generation and analysis. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted in the first 18 months of living in extra care housing. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used because its commitment to idiography enabled an in-depth analysis of the subjective lived experience of moving into extra care housing. Themes generated inductively were examined against an existential–phenomenological theory of well-being. Results Learning to live in an extra care community showed negotiating new relationships was not straightforward; maintaining friendships outside the community became more difficult as capacity declined. In springboard for opportunity/confinement, living in extra care provided new opportunities for social engagement and a restored sense of self. Over time horizons began to shrink as incapacities grew. Seeking care illustrated reticence to seek care, due to embarrassment and a sense of duty to one's partner. Becoming aged presented an ontological challenge. Nevertheless, some showed a readiness for death, a sense of homecoming. Conclusions An authentic later life was possible but residents required emotional and social support to live through the transition and challenges of becoming aged. Enhancement activities boosted residents’ quality of life but the range of activities could be extended to cater better for quieter, smaller scale events within the community; volunteer activity facilitators could be used here. Peer mentoring may help build new relationships and opportunities for interactive stimulation. Acknowledging the importance of feeling—empathic imagination—in caregiving may help staff and residents relate better to each other, thus helping individuals to become ontologically secure and live well to the end.
Monetary Policy with Investment–Saving Imbalances

Financial instability is the new challenge for monetary policy. Most studies indicate that financial crises follow prolonged unwinding of investment–saving imbalances (ISI). These phenomena are not contemplated by the standard theoretical framework of continuous intertemporal equilibrium. This paper's aim is to take a first step into the analysis of monetary policy in the context of ISI. First, a dynamic model of a flex-price, competitive economy is presented where ISI are allowed to develop. Second, upon introducing different types of Taylor rules, some indications for the conduct of monetary policy emerge, which are at variance with the standard view.
Protein kinase D isoforms are expressed in rat and mouse primary sensory neurons and are activated by agonists of protease‐activated receptor 2

Serine proteases generated during injury and inflammation cleave protease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2) on primary sensory neurons to induce neurogenic inflammation and hyperalgesia. Hyperalgesia requires sensitization of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) ion channels by mechanisms involving phospholipase C and protein kinase C (PKC). The protein kinase D (PKD) serine/threonine kinases are activated by diacylglycerol and PKCs and can phosphorylate TRPV1. Thus, PKDs may participate in novel signal transduction pathways triggered by serine proteases during inflammation and pain. However, it is not known whether PAR2 activates PKD, and the expression of PKD isoforms by nociceptive neurons is poorly characterized. By using HEK293 cells transfected with PKDs, we found that PAR2 stimulation promoted plasma membrane translocation and phosphorylation of PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, indicating activation. This effect was partially dependent on PKCϵ. By immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, with antibodies against PKD1/PKD2 and PKD3 and neuronal markers, we found that PKDs were expressed in rat and mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, including nociceptive neurons that expressed TRPV1, PAR2, and neuropeptides. PAR2 agonist induced phosphorylation of PKD in cultured DRG neurons, indicating PKD activation. Intraplantar injection of PAR2 agonist also caused phosphorylation of PKD in neurons of lumbar DRG, confirming activation in vivo. Thus, PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3 are expressed in primary sensory neurons that mediate neurogenic inflammation and pain transmission, and PAR2 agonists activate PKDs in HEK293 cells and DRG neurons in culture and in intact animals. PKD may be a novel component of a signal transduction pathway for protease‐induced activation of nociceptive neurons and an important new target for antiinflammatory and analgesic therapies. J. Comp. Neurol. 516:141–156, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Digital Digits

Finger augmentation devices, those that are worn and operated by fingers, are a rapidly growing field in the human--computer interaction domain. This field is rooted in ancient history; however, still the academic research arena is booming with new finger augmentations every year. This article strives to survey the entire body of work on finger augmentation devices and uncover the trends and the underexplored territories. We contribute a methodical classification of over 150 pieces of academic, product, patent, and concept work. We discuss the underlying sensing and feedback modalities and provide a definition, taxonomy, and reference for researchers of finger augmentation devices.
Clinical Study of Endometrial Polyp and Role of Diagnostic Hysteroscopy and Blind Avulsion of Polyp.

INTRODUCTION Endometrial polyp is one of the common causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) in the reproductive age group as well as postmenopausal age group. AIM To study the clinical features of endometrial polyp and the safety and feasibility of blind polypectomy following diagnostic hysteroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total of 256 women who were diagnosed to have endometrial polyp by transvaginal ultrasound and underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy and blind polypectomy by simple avulsion in the period of January 2008 to December 2014 were included in our study. Polyp was confirmed by the histopathology. RESULTS The prevalence of polyp among women who underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy and blind polypectomy was more common in the age group of 40-49years. Polyps manifested as AUB in 45.6% of our study population. The mean size of the polyp was not significantly different between premenopausal and postmenopausal women and single and multiple polyps. Histopathological study of the polyp showed two malignant polyps in our study population. Premalignant lesions i.e., endometrial hyperplasia without atypia and with atypia was found in 33 women. There was one uterine perforation, one cervical tear; one false passage and one patient had mild bleeding after the procedure. In our study, in the mean follow-up period of 37.57±28.12 months, 3.9% (7 women) had recurrence. In the follow-up period of 16.56±18.96 months, 78.9% women didn't have recurrence. CONCLUSION Diagnostic hysteroscopy and blind polypectomy has low complication rate and recurrence rate and technically feasible for the practicing gynaecologists which don't need much training and is cost-effective also.
Effect of Web‐Based Training for Department of Motor Vehicle Staff on Donor Designation Rates: Results of a Statewide Randomized Trial

On approach to addressing the continual shortage of organ donors is to encourage people to join a state donor registry. Joining the registry saves time and assures family members that organ donation is what their loved one would want. However, fewer than half of adults have taken this step. We tested a brief, web‐based training program for department of motor vehicles (DMV) staff that educates them about organ and tissue donation and also models the correct way to interact with customers. The intervention was developed with extensive input and active participation from DMV staff. After a small‐scale pilot test, all DMV offices across the state of West Virginia (WV) were randomized to receive the training or serve as a comparison group. The results showed that customers of DMV staff who had received the training were 7.5% more likely to register as organ donors. A conservative estimate is that this generates approximately 800 additional donor designations per month. An important aspect of web‐based training is that once it has been deployed, it can continue to be used without incurring additional cost; the state of WV currently requires all new employees to complete the training program. This type of training can be adopted nationwide.
Hippocampal Volume Is Associated With Physician-Reported Acute Cognitive Deficits After Electroconvulsive Therapy

Predicting memory problems in older depressed patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is difficult. In this study, hippocampal volume and acute memory outcomes were examined in 15 patients following an index course of ECT. Smaller hippocampal volume was associated with poorer ECT-related memory outcomes. These results add to a growing literature on memory, ECT, and the hippocampus. Although the findings are significant, the sample size in the study is small, so future studies with more complex modeling of key variables that may influence memory are warranted.
MIMO measured channels: Capacity results and analysis of channel parameters

In this paper we present the results of a MIMO wideband measurement campaign carried out in an indoor scenario with a carrier frequency of 2 GHz. The wideband and narrowband channel capacity and several channel parameters were evaluated from the measured data. The correlation between channel capacity and physical parameters as angle spread, coherence bandwidth, number and power of multipath components was analyzed. The analysis makes possible to characterize the "rich scattering environment", a prerequisite condition for high MIMO capacities.
Frequency-warped time-weighted linear prediction for glottal vocoding

Auto-regressive modeling is a prevalent source-filter separation method of speech. Conventional linear prediction (LP) and its derivatives such as weighted linear prediction (WeLP) produce parametric spectral models within a linear frequency scale, whereas frequency-warped linear prediction (WaLP) can be used to take into account the frequency sensitivity of the human auditory system. From the perspective of glottal vocoding, the principles behind WeLP have been found to be beneficial for an accurate separation of the glottal source signal and the vocal tract transfer function, but this approach can not utilize the auditory benefits of frequency warping. On the other hand, the WaLP approach suffers from less accurate source-filter separation properties. In this study, a generalized frequency-warped time-weighted linear prediction (WWLP) analysis is proposed. Experiments with WWLP are performed within the context of glottal vocoding. The subjective listening test results show that WWLP-based spectral envelope modeling is able to increase quality over previously developed methods in some of the test cases.
Analysis of the Doubly Fed Induction Generator performance on frequency support of microgrids

Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG), represent one the of the most employed technologies, for wind conversion systems. Due to the intermittent nature of wind, the conventional control used by these generators has the objective to operate at a point that ensures maximum power extraction of the wind turbine. However, using only this control philosophy, these generators do not participate in frequency control of the power system, since the mechanical system is decoupled from the electrical system due to the action of the back-to-back converter. Consequently, the conventional DFIG does not present inertia response. However, in power systems with high penetration of wind power generation, or systems that operate islanded, as microgrids, the wind power generator inertia response allows a smother behavior of the electrical frequency. In this context, this work studies, analyzes and compares the Doubly Fed Induction Generator behavior contributing to the frequency support of a microgrid formed due an unintentional islanding through the implementation of three control methods in the rotor side converter of the DFIG. In order to evaluate this behavior, computer simulations were performed simulating the occurrence of islanding, where a part of the distribution network shall operate islanded with power supplied by a DFIG and by a synchronous generator. The results allows analyzing the performance of DFIG in the grid frequency support considering different methodologies.
The role of the innovation catalyst in social innovation - an Italian case study

Purpose of the paper : Social innovation is emerging as a dominant discourse, especially in facing the issues posed by the current crisis. Due to its close link with the local area in which it takes place, social innovation is deeply rooted in the overall system, thus involving many different actors. These parties should work synergistically to support social innovation and this requires a connecting intermediary: the innovation catalyst. However, in spite of the existence of this kind of actor its role still hasn’t been formally included among the existing models of social innovation. To fill this gap, our work has been carried out by focusing on TrentoRise, an Italian innovation catalyst. Its aim is to understand the role that an innovation catalyst covers and its key features. Methodology : A single case study analysis has been developed to apply a fresh and innovative framework, the Social Innovation Pyramid, to the case of Trentino ecosystem. Findings : The analysis shows that an innovation catalyst is fundamental in developing a healthy and functioning innovation ecosystem; therefore, it should be included among the existing innovation models. Research limitation : The research has focused on a single case study. Widening the sample may be an interesting avenue for further research. Implication : The proposed model can be replicated in other areas and adapted to the characteristics of their districts. Originality : Traditional innovation models do not include the figure of the innovation catalyst, which is the focal point of our work.
Altered morphology, nuclear stability and adhesion of highly metastatic derivatives of osteoblast-like SAOS-2 osteosarcoma cells.

BACKGROUND Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with osteosarcoma (OS). High alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and resistance to chemotherapy are independent predictors of poor clinical outcome of osteosarcoma. Here, the osteoblastic phenotype, cell and nuclear morphology, cell adhesion and drug resistance of the SAOS-2 cell line and two in vivo selected highly metastatic derivatives, LM5 and LM7, were compared. RESULTS ALP activity and deposition of mineralized extracellular matrix were the same in the parental SAOS-2 and the LM5 and LM7 cells, but parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated cAMP accumulation was lost in the LM7 cells. The LM5 and LM7 cells were smaller than the parental SAOS-2 cells, and 10% of the LM7 cells had distorted nuclei. The adhesion of LM5 and LM7 cells was decreased when compared to SAOS-2 cells. The cytotoxic responses of the SAOS-2, LM5 and LM7 cells to Cisplatin, Doxorubicin and Etoposide were indistinguishable. CONCLUSION The increased metastatic potential of LM5 and LM7 as compared to SAOS-2 cells is not associated with a substantial change of the osteoblastic phenotype or of the cytotoxic response to current chemotherapeutic drugs. The decrease in cell size and altered cell adhesion, reflecting cytoskeletal rearrangement, together with increased nuclear instability and partial dedifferentiation, as revealed by the loss of PTH responsiveness in LM7 cells, may account for the higher metastatic potential of the LM5 and LM7 sublines as compared to the parental SAOS-2 cells.
Capital Requirement, Portfolio Risk Insurance, and Dynamic Risk Budgeting

Due to risk based capital requirements, financial institutions need to budget their risk-taking to assure their financial survival. This is necessary because the economic capital of the institutions which has to back risky positions is widely assumed to be a short resource. Therefore, financial institutes are advised to pursue a strategy which guarantees that a specified risk budget is never violated. In this paper, we concentrate on the trading portfolios of financial institutions and develop a dynamic risk budgeting approach. We argue that the limitation of risk-taking should depend on actual profit & loss. Based on the standard modeling of financial market stochastics we provide a method of risk budget adjustment adopting the idea of synthetic portfolio insurance. By varying the strike price of an implicit synthetic put option we are able to keep within budgets accepting a certain default probability. Our approach comprises reducing capital requirements and the cost of regulatory capital.
Bradyzoite Development in Toxoplasma gondii and the hsp70 Stress Response

ABSTRACT Toxoplasma gondii is a well-described ubiquitous Apicomplexan protozoan parasite that is an important opportunistic pathogen. The factors affecting the transition of tachyzoites to the latent bradyzoite stage remain to be defined. The induction of bradyzoite development in vitro has been linked to temperature, pH, mitochondrial inhibitors, sodium arsenite, and many of the other stressors associated with heat shock protein (hsp) induction. There is evidence for other organisms that hsps are developmentally regulated. Therefore, we examined whether hsp induction is an early event in bradyzoite differentiation. Extracellular and intracellular T. gondii cells, after exposure to pH 8.1 or 7.1, were analyzed for the expression of inducible hsp70 by using monoclonal antibody C92F3A-5 (specific to hsp70). Western blotting demonstrated that a 72-kDa protein reactive with C92F3A-5 (hsp70), which we believe is part of the hsp70 family, is induced during bradyzoite development. By immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, we were able to demonstrate that hsp70 staining colocalized to T. gondiiexpressing bradyzoite-specific antigens and the presence of hsp70 in bradyzoites isolated from mouse brain. Quercetin, a bioflavonoid which inhibits the synthesis of hsp90, hsp70, and hsp27, suppresses the induction of bradyzoite development in vitro. Reverse transcription-PCR with conserved hsp70 primers demonstrated an increase in hsp70 inT. gondii on exposure to conditions which induce bradyzoite formation. A T. gondii hsp70 was subsequently cloned and sequenced by using this amplified fragment. We believe our evidence suggests that hsps are important in the process of bradyzoite differentiation.
Collusion in the Brazilian steel sector: A new industrial economy approach

The Brazilian Law of Competition Defense does not have a special system of collusion proofs to be adopted by the Antitrust Authority. The usual procedure consists in analyzing the structure and conduct characteristics of anticompetitive actions. Nevertheless, this method presents remarkable restrictions, such as the supposition of a causal relationship between structure, conduct and performance variables. The objective of this paper is to present a complementary methodological instrument for the detection of collusion that can contribute towards obtaining indirect evidence. For this purpose, we apply the results of a model of strategic choices of capacity in a Brazilian steel segment, recently condemned by collusion. The test shows that it is possible to proceed by using an auxiliary path that verifies collusive results and not only those related to market power, even when the information about the firms are difficult to obtain.
New Injectable Aqueous Carbamazepine Solution Through Complexing with 2‐Hydroxypropyl‐β‐Cyclodextrin: Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics After Intravenous Injection in Comparison to a Glycofurol‐Based Formulation

Summary: The poor water solubility of the antiepileptic drug (AED) carbamazepine (CBZ) is generally considered an absolute contraindication to parenteral administration in epileptic patients. However, the water solubility of CBZ can be largely enhanced through formation of an inclusion complex with an amorphous cyclodextrin derivative, 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin(HPβCD). We studied tolerability and pharmacokinetics of an aqueous CBZ:HPβCD solution after intravenous (i.v.) administration in dogs. For comparison, a conventional glycofurol‐based solution of CBZ was used. We also administered a commercial liquid formulation of CBZ orally Infusion of CBZ:HPβCD solutions or HPbCD “placebo” formulations i.v. was well tolerated by the animals. In contrast, infusion of CBZ: glycofurol solutions and glycofurol placebo solutions induced marked behavioral and cardio‐vascular adverse effects. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that glycofurol inhibited CBZ metabolism by de‐creasing formation of the major CBZ metabolite CBZ‐10,11‐epoxide (CBZ‐E). With infusion of CBZ:HPβCD 10 ml/min for 12–15 min, resulting in a CBZ dose of CBZ 5 mg/kg body weight, peak CBZ plasma levels of −3.6 pgl μmCl were obtained. This relatively low peak concentration is primarily due to the rapid elimination of CBZ in dogs [half‐life (t/2) <1 h]. Comparison of peak plasma levels determined after p.0. administration of CBZ to dogs with peak CBZ levels previously determined after p.0. administration in humans indicated that about four times higher doses are needed in dogs to attain the same peak plasma levels as in humans. In view of previous experimental data showing rapid penetration of CBZ into brain, our results indicate that aqueous CBZ:HPPCD solutions might be ideally suited for parenteral use in acute clinical conditions such as status epilepticus (SE), particularly because CBZ is a drug with only minor respiratory or cardiovascular effects.