Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Putting top managers back in the strategy picture

At one time, top managers were front and center in the frameworks of the strategy field. The Harvard model (Learned et al., 1961; Andrews, 1971), which served as principal guide for policy thinkers in the sixties and early seventies, emphasized the personal role of senior executives in shaping their firms. This view was not new. Earlier theoretical work by Barnard (1938) and Selznick (1957), for example, had established a rationale for including top managers in analytic investigations of contemporary organizations. However, as of the early seventies, this theme was essentially lost. Top managers became noticeably absent from writings on strategy, somehow passed over in favor of more technoeconomic factors such as product life cycles, market share, experience curves, portfolio matrices, and industry analysis. Consulting firms all sought their own concise, analytic, quantifiable schemes. Strategy researchers struggled to demonstrate that their domain was as 'hard' as any other. Corporations came to think of strategic management as the annual production of glossy three-ring binders and slide shows, rather than the development and cultivation of strategic thinkers. Now, after almost two decades of relative neglect, the people at the helms of organizations are once again becoming part of the theoretical formulations of strategy and organization researchers (e.g., Kotter, 1982; Hambrick and Mason, 1984; Gupta and Govindarajan, 1984; Miller and Droge, 1986; Gabarro, 1987). The press and politicians have put forth a cry
DOWN-REGULATION OF NF-κB LED TO UP-REGULATION OF NGF PRODUCTION IN MOUSE OSTEOBLASTS

For investigation of the molecular cascade leading to nerve growth factor (NGF) in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an NF-κB inhibitor, was utilized. A dose-dependent PDTC-elicited stimulation of NGF production occurred in the cells. PDTC attenuated the NF-κB nuclear translocation, whereas PDTC had no effects on the cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, or cell cycle. The cell membrane-permeable SN50 peptide (a specific NF-κB inhibitor peptide) also blocked the NF-κB translocation to the nucleus, and induced NGF protein in the cells. These findings demonstrate that the suitable suppression of NF-κB nuclear translocation induced NGF production in non-neuronal osteoblastic cells.
Long-term effects of adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnoea: protocol for a systematic review

Introduction Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most important anatomical factor associated with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends adenotonsillectomy as the first line of treatment. AT can reduce the apnoea hypopnoea index; however, its effect on long-term outcomes remains unclear. Methods and analysis We will conduct an electronic search for randomised controlled trials in MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and EMBASE. We will also identify literature by reviewing the references included in the selected studies and relevant reviews, screening through important scientific conferences, and searching for ongoing trials in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Two researchers will independently undertake selection of studies, data extraction and assessment of the risk of bias of included studies. We will estimate pooled risk ratios for dichotomous data, and mean difference or standardised mean difference for continuous outcomes. A random-effects model will be used for meta-analyses. Data synthesis and other analyses will be conducted using RevMan V.5. 3 software. Ethics and dissemination No ethics approval is considered necessary. The results of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and social networks. Trial registration number CRD42015022102.
Direct Repair of Spondylolysis Using a New Pedicle Screw Hook Fixation: Clinical and CT-Assessed Study: An Analysis of 19 Patients

Objective: A prospective analysis of 19 consecutive cases of spondylolysis repair using a new hook screw device is presented. The objective of the study was to assess the clinical, radiologic, and computed tomography (CT) scan outcomes to establish the indications of isthmic repair in the treatment of spondylolysis. Methods: Nineteen patients treated with a new segmental pedicle screw hook fixation were followed up for a minimum of 2 years (mean 30 months, range 24-48 months). Mean age was 20.5 years (range 13-29 years). All lytic defects were bilateral and located at L5, except for one at L3. CT scans were obtained at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. CT scans were performed using both traditional and reverse gantry angled cuts to assess the healing of the defect. Fusion was considered to be present when trabeculae passed across the lytic defect. CT scan images were not considered conclusive until 1 year after surgery, because in two cases, trabecular pass across the pars was observed on only one side after 6 months, becoming bilateral 1 year postoperatively. Conclusions: Twelve of 13 patients who were 20 years or younger at the time of the study (average age 17.2 years) had fusion (92%), whereas in the group of 6 patients age 21 and older (average age 27.5 years), no cases of fusion were observed. Clinical outcome was excellent to good in 15 patients, fair in 3 cases, and poor in 1. The group of patients age 20 or younger had significantly better clinical results (84% excellent or good) (P = 0.00097) than those obtained in the group of patients age 21 and older (66% excellent or good) (P = 0.016). According to the current findings, the authors believe that segmental pedicle screw hook fixation is a useful alternative in the treatment of spondylolysis in adolescents but do not recommend this procedure in patients over age 20.
Measuring Aspects of Fiscal and Financial Policy

The paper develops a forward-looking comprehensive accounting framework for the public sector.By integrating the public sector budget constraint forward in time the government's present value budget constraint (PVBC) is obtained. In addition to the familiar financial assets and liabilities, comprehensive public sector networth contains the following items: the value of the public sector capital stock; the value of public sector property rights in landand natural resources; the present value of future seigniorage, the present value of future taxes net of transfers and subsidies and the present value of future planned public sector capital formation, privatization or nationalization programmes. From the "stock" PVBC a number of different "flow" deficit concepts are derived; each one emphasizes a different aspect of the"sustainability" of current and/or prospective fiscal and financial plans. Together they provide a framework for organizing facts and plans about fiscal, financial and monetary policy and for evaluating the consistency of spending and revenue projections or scenarios,public sector debt objectives and monetary targets.
Comparison of colour Doppler imaging and retinal scanning laser fluorescein angiography in healthy volunteers and normal pressure glaucoma patients.

PURPOSE To correlate retinal circulatory measurements using scanning laser fluorescein angiography and flow velocities of retrobulbar vessels measured by means of colour Doppler imaging. METHODS Fifteen patients with normal pressure glaucoma (NPG) and 15 healthy volunteers underwent colour Doppler imaging and fluorescein angiographic studies. Peak systolic velocities (PSVs), end-diastolic velocities (EDVs) and resistive indices (RIs) of the ophthalmic artery (OA) and central retinal artery were obtained. In the fluorescein angiograms arteriovenous passage time (AVP) was quantified by means of digital dye dilution curve analysis. RESULTS Arteriovenous passage time was significantly prolonged in NPG patients compared to healthy subjects (p = 0.0026). In the central retinal artery PSV (p = 0.023) and EDV (p < 0.0001) were significantly decreased and RI was increased (p < 0.0001) in patients with NPG. The EDV of the central retinal artery showed a significant correlation with AVP (EDV: r = - 0.53, p = 0.0023). The RI of the central retinal artery correlated significantly to AVP (RI: r = 0.63, p < 0.0001). The AVP did not correlate to EDV or PSV, nor to the RI measured in the ophthalmic artery. CONCLUSION Arteriovenous passage time, which represents blood flow in a vascular segment of artery, capillary bed and corresponding vein, was found to be correlated to the EDV and the RI of the central retinal artery. The combination of different techniques allows further interpretation of ocular circulatory responses.
Investigation of the dynamic oscillations of the Ludington pumped storage plant

Dynamic oscillations at a large pumped storage plant equipped with excitation systems of nominal voltage response ratio and connected to a tightly coupled transmission grid are investigated. The results of eigenvalue and transient stability investigations correlate well with the characteristics of the disturbance as interpreted from field measurements. However, the actual dynamic stability margin is somewhat higher than that determined analytically. The excitation control system is shown to be the practicable means for improving damping of the natural mechanical oscillations. Damping can be increased to desired margins during the critical maximum pumping condition by placing the automatic voltage regulators for some of the units at the multi-unit plant on manual control.
Analyzing relationship between ERP utilization and lean manufacturing maturity of Turkish SMEs

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand how effective Turkish small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) use enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in module aspect and to assess the adherence to lean manufacturing requirements. Obtaining each efficiency result separately is not adequate to make an inference about relationship between ERP and lean practices. Hence, a relational model is developed to analyze correlation between use of ERP and lean manufacturing implementation in white goods manufacturing SMEs of Istanbul, Turkey. Design/methodology/approach – The examination of the proposed conceptual framework is made by statistical analyses. In parallel, leveling efficiency of each enterprise requires an expert analysis in order to obtain a fair comparison. Hence, authors have visited each facility to evaluate performance of ERP efficiency and lean manufacturing applications. In Istanbul region, 53 of total listed SMEs are visited. The questionnaire survey is designed by considering differ.
An International Consumer ’ s Perception and Attitude towards the Purchase Intentions of OTOP Snack Food Products

The demand of organic food in Thailand has risen consistently with the increase in awareness of health and environmental issues as the global organic food market has grown tremendously over the past decade. Such trend is reflected in consumers’ perceptions and attitudes towards organic food products. The current study examines the factors that predict the intention to purchase OTOP snack food products among international consumers in a Thai province (Phuket), using a questionnaire survey distributed to four hundred (400) respondents. The Theory of Planned Behavior shaped the research framework and hypotheses development. Using a linear regression equation, subjective norms, behavioral control, and attitude factors namely health and environment consciousness, product trust and product attributes were modeled to impact the purchase intention of OTOP snack food products. The results of the multiple regression revealed that subjective norms and behavioral control exerted significant positive effects on the purchase intention of OTOP snack food products. However, only two factors of attitude (product trust and product attributes) were statistically significant with the purchase intention but health & environment consciousness were found to be statistically insignificant. Hence, the conclusions of the research indicated that more efforts need to be exerted to promote consumption growth and should focus on international consumers’ awareness of health and environment consciousness.
Modeling choice among assortments.

In this paper we propose a model for describing consumer decision making among assortments or menus of options from which a single option will be chosen at a later time. Central to the derivation of the model is an assumption that consumers are uncertain about their future preferences. The model captures both the utility of the items within the assortments as well as the flexibility the items offer as a group. We support our model empirically with two laboratory experiments. In the first experiment we test the underlying assumptions. In the second, we compare the predictive validity of our model to that provided by other models suggested in the literature. Disciplines Behavioral Economics | Business | Cognition and Perception | Cognitive Psychology | Experimental Analysis of Behavior | Marketing This technical report is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn. edu/marketing_papers/241 Published in: Journal of Retailing COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 1 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 2 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 3 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 4 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 5 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 6 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 7 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 8 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 9 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 10 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 11 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 12 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 13 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 14 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 15 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 16 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 17 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 18 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 19 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 20 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 21 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 22 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 23 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 24 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 25 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL 26
A novel approach for integration of dual metal gate process using ultra thin aluminum nitride buffer layer

We report and demonstrate a novel approach for dual metal gate CMOS process integration using an ultra thin aluminum nitride (AlN/sub x/) buffer layer between metal gate and gate dielectric. The buffer layer prevents the gate oxide from being exposed to a metal etching process and plays a key role in determining the work functions at the metal/dielectric interface. During annealing, this buffer layer is completely consumed through the reaction with metal gate and converted into a new metal alloy, resulting in no increase of EOT. The work functions of the original gate metals are modified as a result of this reaction, making this approach extremely attractive for dual metal gate CMOS applications.
Numerical classification of the Canadian species of the genus Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae).

The relationships of 42 Canadian species of the mosquito genus Aedes were investigated by numerotaxonomic techniques, using the method of matching coefficients. Good agreement with conventional taxonomic arrangements was found when (1) adult mosquitoes and (2) adults and larvae together were considered, but with (3) larvae alone, the agreement was unsatisfactory. The prospects of numerical methods in taxonomy are briefly considered. A few years ago Rohlf (1963a, 1963b) investigated the classification of the mosquito genus Aedes Meigen, using the methods of numerical taxonomy. He produced an arrangement of species within the genus which, while showing an overall similarity to, still differed considerably from that accepted by most entomologists, and his results were criticized on this account by Barr and Chapman (1964). I am at present writing a general work on the mosquitoes of Canada, and thought it instructive to examine independently the affinities of the Canadian species of Aedes by numerotaxonomic methods. This is considerably easier at present than it was some years ago, since good computer programs are available that offer a choice of mathematical methods. Aedes is a well-known mosquito genus, whose North American species have been *described and illustrated in all stages. The best general account is that of Carpenter and LaCasse (1955), although many other papers and some good regional studies are available. My objectives were (1) to classify the Canadian species of Aedes using a simple but acceptable numerotaxonomic method, (2) to compare the classification so obtained with that of Rohlf and that given by the usual methods of taxonomy, and (3) to evaluate numerotaxonomic methods of the kind used in this study and consider some of the possibilities of the technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Species and characters. -The 42 species of mosquitoes used included all members of the genus Aedes known to occur in Canada (Table 1). Characters (see Table 2) are based on published descriptions, and nearly all have been carefully checked with specimens in collections at Lethbridge, Guelph, Toronto and Ottawa. Most are morphological, but a few are ecological or geographical. All are of the present-orabsent type, offering a clear alternative that can be scored as positive or negative. Perhaps a few more characters could have been added to the list and some further subdivisions of multistate characters made. Possibly some are correlated and therefore redundant. But I believe they will be accepted by most specialists as good and reliable; they are in fact those that have been used by natural' taxonomists in pre-
Managing the Co-creation of Innovation: The Influence of Team Regulatory Style and Reflexivity on Customer Idea Selection and Innovation Outcomes

The co-creation of new products between firms and customers has been shown to be associated with higher new product quality, the development of products that more closely match customers' unmet needs, lower development costs, and faster speed-to-market (Hoyer, Chandy, Dorotic, Krafft, & Singh, 2010; O'Hern & Rindfleisch, 2010). However, little is known about the evaluation and selection process in the co-creation of innovation (Bayus, 2013). To be successful, product development teams must identify customer ideas that have the potential to both fulfill unmet market needs and be profitable for the firm. This dissertation examines two cognitive factors related to team decision-making, a prevention or promotion regulatory focus (Higgins, 1998) and team reflexivity (West, 1996) , to examine what drives a development team's ability to accurately pick "winners" and "losers" from a pool of customer ideas for new products. Data is analyzed from a series of team-based lab experiments, as well as a virtual ethnographic analysis of video footage from a firm's evaluation and selection meetings for 186 co-created product concepts. In addition to regulatory style and reflexivity, the moderating effect of customer expertise is also analyzed in order to further explore development team decision-making in the co-creation of innovation.
Using mandatory integrity to enforce 'commercial' security

Government research, development, and standardization efforts in computer security have been repeatedly criticized as not being applicable to the commercial world. In particular, they have been criticized as not being able to support the kinds of security policies, such as separation of duties and well-formed transactions, used by the financial and other communities to control unauthorized changes to or falsification of information. It is shown two natural extensions-integrity categories and partially trusted subjects-of the principles of current US Department of Defense computer security standards could be used to implement such commercial security policies in a way that exploits the fundamental strengths of existing or future trusted systems. <<ETX>>
An Assessment of the Changing Climate in Northern Nigeria Using Cokriging

The aim of this paper is to test the applicability of Co-Kriging (CK) on the study of the changing climate in Northern Nigeria. Indices were derived from climatic variables (Rainfall and Temperature) obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) and remotely sensed data covering the period from 1981 to 2010 in the form of Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration-Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR). Because of the strong relationship between NDVI and Rainfall, CK method of data interpolation was tested with R-Statistical software. A digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area at 90-meter spatial resolution was used as a supplement in an overlay procedure using the IDRISI Remote sensing and GIS software so as to derive the correct altitude values of the Met stations for comparison with the coefficient of variation of the rainfall dataset. Results from the derived CK prediction maps showed that there are high variability in NDVI and rainfall across the time-series. Furthermore, spatial average variability in the growing season rainfall was 60% with a mean temperature of 4% although coefficient of variation in rainfall for the individual climatic station's ranged from 18.15 to 60.98 per cent. While the highest coefficient of variation in temperature for the entire time series (1981-2010) was located around Katsina area, the lowest was located around Minna. From the results of this analysis it is evident that the higher prediction variance values particularly for vegetation NDVI and rainfall are located in the southern part of the study area particularly around Kaduna, Minna, and Jos as compared to the northern part of the study area falling around Maiduguri, Sokoto and Katsina which indicated relatively lower prediction values. However, further studies should also be undertaken using the raster NDVI dataset in a GIS environment to buttress our view that there were changes in the general ecosystems within the study area as result of climatic impact.
Quality-Aware Sensing Coverage in Budget-Constrained Mobile Crowdsensing Networks

Mobile crowdsensing has shown elegant capacity in data collection and has given rise to numerous applications. In the sense of coverage quality, marginal works have considered the efficient (less cost) and effective (considerable coverage) design for mobile crowdsensing networks. We investigate the optimal quality-aware coverage in mobile crowdsensing networks. The difference between ours and the conventional coverage problem is that we only select a subset of mobile users so that the coverage quality is maximized with constrained budget. To address this new problem, which is proved to be NP-hard, we first prove that the set function of coverage quality is nondecreasing submodular. By leveraging the favorable property in submodular optimization, we then propose an (1 - (1/e)) approximation algorithm with O(nk+2) time complexity, where k is an integer that is greater than or equal to 3. Finally, we conduct extensive simulations for the proposed scheme, and the results demonstrate that ours outperforms the random selection scheme and one of the state of the art in terms of total coverage quality by, at most, 2.4× and 1.5× and by, on average, 1.4× and 1.3×, respectively. Additionally, ours achieves a near-optimal solution, compared with the brute-force search results.