Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Twin approaches to research: the Penn State and Flinders experience

Two universities, The Pennsylvania State University in the United States and The Flinders University of South Australia, like many other higher education institutions, are developing online distance education programs. This paper reports on two approaches to offering a research methods topic at the postgraduate level, approaches that were determined in part by learners and their environment, which in turn determined modes of delivery. The modes of learning, development of learning resources, topic evaluation and feedback, and the lessons learned from offering the two research topics in an international context provide pointers to other higher education institutions planning to offer courses by flexible delivery.
Towards a Cognitive Theory of Emotions

Abstract A theory is proposed that emotions are cognitively based states which co-ordinate quasi-autonomous processes in the nervous system. Emotions provide a biological solution to certain problems of transition between plans, in systems with multiple goals. Their function is to accomplish and maintain these transitions, and to communicate them to ourselves and others. Transitions occur at significant junctures of plans when the evaluation of success in a plan changes. Complex emotions are derived from a small number of basic emotions and arise at junctures of social plans.
Simulation Based on An Effective Defence Against Duplicate Node Attacks in Wireless Networks.

— To achieve an efficient and effective approach to find out the duplicate node attacks in the wireless sensor networks still must be a challenge. Attacker, he/she can capture the node form the network and compromise over the network. Attacker he captured any node from the network by using the tamper resistant hardware’s. Adversary can injects fake data into the network with the help of that captured node. And also from the captured node he identifies its ID and key first of all. Then he/she can easily generate the duplicate copies of the captured node. Several detection schemes are available only for fixed sensor networks. But here we proposed a detection scheme called as Speed time Probability ratio test. And we also proposed the isolative method to remove the detected duplicate node from the network. We show analytically and simulation experiments that our schemes will achieve effective and efficient detection and isolation of duplicate node attacks in the wireless sensor networks. In this paper we mainly focused on the mobile sensor networks for sake of convenience.
Probing Factors Affecting Knowledge Sharing Behavior of Pakistani Bloggers

The objective of this study is to identify those factors that affect the knowledge sharing behavior of individuals in the context of blogs of Pakistan. A research model has been developed, which consists of six construct derived from three well known theories namely Innovation Diffusion Theory, Social Capital theory and Theory of Reasoned Action. This theoretical model was tested empirically by conducting web based survey. Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection from 120 bloggers. Partial Least Square technique was employed to test the model. Four out of five hypotheses were confirmed. This study confirmed that relative advantage, attitude and social interaction ties have significant influence on intention to share knowledge and intention to share knowledge is a predictor of actual knowledge behavior. This study has several implications for professional and academic institutions.
Dynamics of COPII Vesicles and the Golgi Apparatus in Cultured Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 Cells Provides Evidence for Transient Association of Golgi Stacks with Endoplasmic Reticulum Exit Sitesw⃞

Despite the ubiquitous presence of the COPI, COPII, and clathrin vesicle budding machineries in all eukaryotes, the organization of the secretory pathway in plants differs significantly from that in yeast and mammalian cells. Mobile Golgi stacks and the lack of both transitional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and a distinct ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment are the most prominent distinguishing morphological features of the early secretory pathway in plants. Although the formation of COPI vesicles at periphery of Golgi cisternae has been demonstrated in plants, exit from the ER has been difficult to visualize, and the spatial relationship of this event is now a matter of controversy. Using tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 cells, which represent a highly active secretory system, we have used two approaches to investigate the location and dynamics of COPII binding to the ER and the relationship of these ER exit sites (ERES) to the Golgi apparatus. On the one hand, we have identified endogenous COPII using affinity purified antisera generated against selected COPII-coat proteins (Sar1, Sec13, and Sec23); on the other hand, we have prepared a BY-2 cell line expressing Sec13:green fluorescent protein (GFP) to perform live cell imaging with red fluorescent protein–labeled ER or Golgi stacks. COPII binding to the ER in BY-2 cells is visualized as fluorescent punctate structures uniformly distributed over the surface of the ER, both after antibody staining as well as by Sec13:GFP expression. These structures are smaller and greatly outnumber the Golgi stacks. They are stationary, but have an extremely short half-life (<10 s). Without correlative imaging data on the export of membrane or lumenal ER cargo it was not possible to equate unequivocally these COPII binding loci with ERES. When a GDP-fixed Sar1 mutant is expressed, ER export is blocked and the visualization of COPII binding is perturbed. On the other hand, when secretion is inhibited by brefeldin A, COPII binding sites on the ER remain visible even after the Golgi apparatus has been lost. Live cell imaging in a confocal laser scanning microscope equipped with spinning disk optics allowed us to investigate the relationship between mobile Golgi stacks and COPII binding sites. As they move, Golgi stacks temporarily associated with COPII binding sites at their rims. Golgi stacks were visualized with their peripheries partially or fully occupied with COPII. In the latter case, Golgi stacks had the appearance of a COPII halo. Slow moving Golgi stacks tended to have more peripheral COPII than faster moving ones. However, some stationary Golgi stacks entirely lacking COPII were also observed. Our results indicate that, in a cell type with highly mobile Golgi stacks like tobacco BY-2, the Golgi apparatus is not continually linked to a single ERES. By contrast, Golgi stacks associate intermittently and sometimes concurrently with several ERES as they move.
Forced expression of DNA methyltransferases during oocyte growth accelerates the establishment of methylation imprints but not functional genomic imprinting

In mammals, genomic imprinting governed by DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A and its cofactor DNMT3L is essential for functional gametes. Oocyte-specific methylation imprints are established during oocyte growth concomitant with DNMT3A/DNMT3L expression, although the mechanisms of oocyte-specific imprinting are not fully understood. To determine whether the presence of DNMT3A/DNMT3L in oocytes is sufficient for acquisition of methylation imprints, we produced transgenic mice to induce DNMT3A/DNMT3L expression prematurely in oogenesis and analyzed DNA methylation imprints. The results showed that 2- to 4-fold greater expression of DNMT3A/DNMT3L was achieved in non-growing (ng) oocytes versus fully grown oocytes derived from wild-type mice, but the analyzed imprint domains were not methylated. Thus, the presence of DNMT3A/DNMT3L in ng oocytes is insufficient for methylation imprints, and imprinted regions are resistant to DNMT3A/DNMT3L in ng oocytes. In contrast, excess DNMT3A/DNMT3L accelerated imprint acquisition at Igf2r, Lit1, Zac1 and Impact but not Snrpn and Mest in growing oocytes. Therefore, DNMT3A/DNMT3L quantity is an important factor for imprint acquisition. Transcription at imprinted domains is proposed to be involved in de novo methylation; however, transcription at Lit1, Snrpn and Impact was observed in ng oocytes. Thus, transcription cannot induce DNMT3A catalysis at imprinted regions even if DNMT3A/DNMT3L is present. However, the accelerated methylation imprints in oocytes, with the exception of Igf2r, were erased during embryogenesis. In conclusion, a sufficient amount of DNMT3A/DNMT3L and a shift from the resistant to permissive state are essential to establish oocyte-specific methylation imprints and that maintenance of the acquired DNA methylation imprints is essential for functional imprinting.
The Determinants of Illusory-Contour Perception

The term ‘illusory contours' refers to contours perceived where none physically exist. Three hypotheses that have been successful in their ability to account for this phenomenon invoke: (i) apparent depth; (ii) brightness contrast; and (iii) use of figural cues. An experiment has been designed to determine the extent to which each hypothesis accounts for the overall variation in subjects' responses to illusory contours when all three hypotheses are considered simultaneously. Experimental results suggest that different processes may assume a primary role in the perception of illusory contours depending upon the type of inducing area and the configuration. The results highlight the multifaceted nature of the processes involved, and indicate that no single theory can explain the perception of illusory contours.
Multiscale breakpoint detection in piecewise stationary AR models

In this paper, we are interested in the problem of detecting breakpoints in piecewise stationary autoregressive (AR) processes. For short time series, stationarity assumption is common. However, for longer time series, this assumption is often unrealistic. Besides, many naturally occurring phenomena cannot be modelled as stationary processes. Therefore modelling stochastic time series under nonstationary assumption is often appealing, and finnds its application in many areas, such as speech processing, biomedical signal processing, and seismology to name a few.
Some Failure Mechanisms in Charge-Sensitive Infrared Phototransistors

For an infrared photon detector, such as charge-sensitive infrared phototransistors (CSIPs), we propose and use a capacitive charging method to study some failure mechanisms that disable the photon response of CSIPs. Two failure mechanisms are highlighted, namely interquantum well (QW) leakage and low tunneling probability for intersubband-transition-excited electrons. A correlation between the Al content in the inter-QW AlGaAs barrier and the failure mechanism type are discussed. On the other hand, the previously unexplained puzzle that the success of photon response is only weakly dependent on the QW electron mobility that is attributed to an imperfect inter-QW barrier.
A system of deception and fraud detection using reliable linguistic cues including hedging, disfluencies, and repeated phrases

Given the increasing problem of fraud, crime, and national security threats, assessing credibility is a recurring research topic in Information Systems and in other disciplines. Decision support systems can help. But the success of the system depends on reliable cues that can distinguish deceptive/truthful behavior and on a proven classification algorithm. This investigation aims to identify linguistic cues that distinguish deceivers from truthtellers; and it aims to demonstrate how the cues can successfully classify deception and truth. Three new datasets were gathered: 202 fraudulent and nonfraudulent financial disclosures (10-Ks), a laboratory experiment that asked twelve questions of participants who answered deceptively to some questions and truthfully to others (Cultural Interviews), and a mock crime experiment where some participants stole a ring from an office and where all participants were interviewed as to their guilt or innocence (Mock Crime). Transcribed participant responses were investigated for distinguishing cues and used for classification testing. Disfluencies (e.g., um, uh, repeated phrases, etc.), hedging words (e.g., perhaps, may, etc.), and interjections (e.g., okay, like, etc.) are theoretically developed as potential cues to deception. Past research provides conflicting evidence regarding disfluency use and deception. Some researchers opine that deception increases cognitive load, which lowers attentional resources, which
Marinobacter halophilus sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake.

A Gram-staining-negative bacterium, strain XCD-X12(T), was isolated from Xiaochaidan Lake, a salt lake (salinity 9.9%, w/w) in Qaidam basin, Qinghai Province, China. Its taxonomic position was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain XCD-X12(T) were non-spore-forming rods, 0.4-0.7 μm wide, 2.1-3.2 μm long and motile with a single polar flagellum. Strain XCD-X12(T) was strictly aerobic and catalase- and oxidase-positive. Growth was observed in the presence of 0-20.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 4.0-8.0%), at 4-35 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 6.5-10.5 (optimum, pH 8.5). It contained Q-9 as the predominant respiratory quinone. The major fatty acids (>10.0%) were C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1ω9c. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and an uncharacterized aminophospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 55.6 mol% (Tm). Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain XCD-X12(T) was associated with the genus Marinobacter, and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus ATCC 49840(T) (97.4%), M. vinifirmus FB1(T) (96.8%), M. excellens KMM 3809(T) (96.8%) and M. antarcticus ZS2-30(T) (96.7%). DNA-DNA relatedness of strain XCD-X12(T) to M. hydrocarbonoclasticus CGMCC 1.7683(T) was 34 ± 5%. Based on these data, it is concluded that strain XCD-X12(T) represents a novel species of the genus Marinobacter, for which the name Marinobacter halophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XCD-X12(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12481(T)= JCM 30472(T)).
Rediscovering Civil Society: The European Union and the White Paper on Governance

The concept of ‘civil society’ has been rediscovered in contemporary discourses concerning the relationship between democracy and governance. This paper analyses this rediscovery in the more specific context of the European Commission’s 2001 White Paper on European Governance. However, processes of transnationalisation, governmentalisation and autonomisation may compromise much of the potential of ‘European civil society’ as an intermediating sphere of social action. By reinforcing these processes, the White Paper undermines the normative claims made for a civil society premised upon the voluntary nature of its associative forms and its distinctive open, communicative and deliberative rationality.
Designing and evaluating text entry methods

Our workshop has three primary goals. The first goal is community building: we want to get text entry researchers that are active in different communities into one place. Our second goal is to promote CHI as a natural and compelling focal point for all kinds of text entry research. The third goal is to discuss some difficult issues that are hard or near impossible to handle within the traditional format of research papers.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Effects of Thyroarytenoid Muscle Activity upon Pliability of Vocal Fold Mucosa in an In Vivo Canine Model

Stiffness of the vocal fold is a significant factor in determining mucosal wave propagation and in the control of the fundamental frequency of phonation. We measured pliability of the vocal fold mucosa in an in vivo canine model as an index of stiffness while the histological layer‐by‐layer structure of the vocal fold was not disrupted.
Dehydration of blood platelets by zeodration: in vitro characterization and hemostatic properties in vivo

Platelets (PLTs) are currently stored at room temperature (RT) for 5 to 7 days. So far, there exists no validated method for the preparation and long‐term storage of dehydrated PLTs suitable for transfusion after rehydration. In this study, a desiccation process, zeodration, was applied to PLTs.
Real-time adaptive background modeling in fast changing conditions

Background modeling in fast changing scenarios is a challenging task due to unexpected events like sudden illumination changes, reflections, and shadows, which can strongly affect the accuracy of the foreground detection. In this paper, we describe a real-time and effective background modeling approach, called FAFEX, that can deal with global and rapid changes in the scene background. The method is designed to identify variations in the background geometry of the monitored scene and it has been quantitatively tested on a publicly available data set, containing a varied set of highly dynamic environments. The experimental evaluation demonstrates how our method is able to effectively deals with challenging sequences in real-time.
Bacterial Biofilm Formation after Nasal Packing in Nasal Mucosa–wounded Mice

Background Bacterial biofilm plays an important role in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. Staphylococcus aureus is a crucial pathogen in chronic rhinosinusitis and S. aureus biofilm is related to unfavorable postoperative outcomes. Although S. aureus is known to be the most common bacteria leading to postoperative infection, whether biofilm forms on the wound surface after functional endoscopic sinus surgery and the relationship between biofilm formation and surgery are still not clear. This study was designed to observe whether S. aureus biofilm forms in mice with wounded nasal mucosa mice after bacteria inoculation. Methods Three hundred twenty-four wild-type male C57BL/6 mice were recruited for the experiment. Except for the four used in the preliminary experiment, the mice were randomly divided into four groups: a wound plus packing group (group A), a wound group (group B), a packing group (group C), and a control group (group D). After treatment, groups A, B, and C were inoculated with S. aureus suspension at 1 × 109 CFU/mL in the right nasal cavity; sterile physiological saline was used instead of bacteria suspension for group D. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to detect the biofilm. A nasal lavage culture was also completed. Results Biofilm formation was found in group A on the 3rd, 7th, and 15th days after inoculation with growth rates of 10, 25, and 40%, respectively. Three cases of biofilm were also detected in group B on the 15th day postinoculation. There was no biofilm observed on the nasal mucosa in group C or D. The nasal lavage culture showed that the inoculated bacteria stayed on the nasal mucosa temporarily after inoculation. Conclusion Our results indicate that a nasal wound, nasal packing, and the existence of pathogenic bacteria are all essential elements for biofilm formation in healthy mice. This result indicated that biofilm formation may be avoided by shortening the duration of nasal packing and reducing the nasal wound.
Power quality and custom power: Seeking for a common solution in LV distribution network

Power Quality (PQ) and Custom Power (CP) are two different terms in electric power system. PQ is the definition of a unique standard which the distribution system operators (DSO) should respect precisely. The DSO can manage its network to address the PQ issues but the result could satisfy only some end users requirements while others could need to improve their voltage profile. Therefore, the custom needs can be not completely satisfied by this standard and with the term CP we define the end user needs. This paper presents PQ and CP definitions and tries to find a possible common solution for DSO and final users in a contest where power electronics play an important role. Indeed in this new concept of distribution electricity network, as application in smart grid, there is a huge diffusion of renewable energy sources and storage systems. In this contest a solution able to provide economic benefits to DSO and end users needs to be found.
Does well‐being contribute to performance? Emotional security, teacher support and learning behaviour in kindergarten

In this study, we examined relations between kindergartner's emotional security, task involvement and achievement and teacher's supportive presence in a cognitive training setting, in which the familiarity of the teacher was varied. Participants were 48 kindergarten children (mean age=51.65 months); 16 children were trained by their regular teacher (experimental group 1), 16 by a less familiar teacher (experimental group 2) and 16 received no training (control group). In three training sessions, children worked in pairs on a new categorization and recall task. Trained observers rated children's emotional insecurity and task involvement and teacher's supportive presence. Furthermore, spontaneous recall during the training was assessed. In addition, categorization and spontaneous recall was measured in various test sessions. Children's emotional insecurity during training negatively affected involvement. Involvement on its turn positively influenced spontaneous recall during training. In addition, emotional insecurity had a direct negative effect on spontaneous recall in a test situation. No effect of familiarity or supportive presence of the teacher on emotional security was found. Training conditions did not affect test performances. Findings suggest that children's involvement is important for learning and that experiences of emotional insecurity may negatively affect task involvement, test performance and eventually school achievement. Teachers in general seem capable of providing children with some sense of security. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control and synchronization for a chaotic system

In this paper, based on the qualitative properties of a modified Chen system, the feedback control law is applied to suppress chaos to equilibria or limit cycles. Some sufficient conditions of chaos control are attained in terms of rigorous mathematical theory. Two different synchronization methods, such as the linear coupling technique and the adaptive active control approach, are applied to achieve the state synchronization of the two modified Chen systems. In addition, some sufficient conditions of chaos synchronization are gained. Numerical simulations verify our theory and demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
E- and P-Selectins Are Essential for Repopulation of Chronic Myelogenous and Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemias in a Scid Mouse Xenograft Model

In chronic myelogenous (CML) and chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), neoplastic cells spread via the circulation into various extramedullary organs. As E- and P-selectin constitute the starting point for the leucocyte adhesion/invasion cascade, and CEL and CML cells share many properties with normal granulocytes, we investigated the role of these selectins in CEL and CML cell expansion and organ invasion in a xenotransplantation model using scid mice. Using two human leukemic cell lines (EOL-1 and K562), we were able to show that E- and P-selectins mediate leukemia cell tethering and adherence in a laminar flow assay. While E-selectin binding depended on sialylated carbohydrate moieties, P-selectin binding was completely (K562) or partially (EOL-1) independent of these carbohydrates indicating the involvement of non-canonical selectin ligands. In a xenograft model in scid mice, both cell lines invaded the bone marrow and other organs, formed chloromas, and ultimately produced an overt leukemia. In contrast, in E- and P-selectin knockout scid mice, the cells failed to show engraftment in 8 out of 10 animals and even if they did engraft, they produced only little organ invasion and chloroma formation. Together, these data suggest that E- and P-selectins play an important role in leukemic dissemination in CML and CEL.