Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capturing optically important constituents and properties in a marine biogeochemical and ecosystem model

Abstract. We present a numerical model of the ocean that couples a three-stream radiative transfer component with a marine biogeochemical–ecosystem component in a dynamic three-dimensional physical framework. The radiative transfer component resolves the penetration of spectral irradiance as it is absorbed and scattered within the water column. We explicitly include the effect of several optically important water constituents (different phytoplankton functional types; detrital particles; and coloured dissolved organic matter, CDOM). The model is evaluated against in situ-observed and satellite-derived products. In particular we compare to concurrently measured biogeochemical, ecosystem, and optical data along a meridional transect of the Atlantic Ocean. The simulation captures the patterns and magnitudes of these data, and estimates surface upwelling irradiance analogous to that observed by ocean colour satellite instruments. We find that incorporating the different optically important constituents explicitly and including spectral irradiance was crucial to capture the variability in the depth of the subsurface chlorophyll a (Chl a) maximum. We conduct a series of sensitivity experiments to demonstrate, globally, the relative importance of each of the water constituents, as well as the crucial feedbacks between the light field, the relative fitness of phytoplankton types, and the biogeochemistry of the ocean. CDOM has proportionally more importance at attenuating light at short wavelengths and in more productive waters, phytoplankton absorption is relatively more important at the subsurface Chl a maximum, and water molecules have the greatest contribution when concentrations of other constituents are low, such as in the oligotrophic gyres. Scattering had less effect on attenuation, but since it is important for the amount and type of upwelling irradiance, it is crucial for setting sea surface reflectance. Strikingly, sensitivity experiments in which absorption by any of the optical constituents was increased led to a decrease in the size of the oligotrophic regions of the subtropical gyres: lateral nutrient supplies were enhanced as a result of decreasing high-latitude productivity. This new model that captures bio-optical feedbacks will be important for improving our understanding of the role of light and optical constituents on ocean biogeochemistry, especially in a changing environment. Further, resolving surface upwelling irradiance will make it easier to connect to satellite-derived products in the future.
Recognition of Individual Kinematic Patterns during Walking and Running - A Comparison of Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines

Modeling of complex relations concerning the analysis of patterns of human walking and running in the past years was realized using different methods of soft-computing. Looking at the classification of individual movement patterns optimized model approaches seem to lead to an advancement regarding classification rates. In the present analyses kinematic data of eight male competitive athletes (middle-and long-term running) were collected while walking respectively running on a treadmill at three different velocities. The segmented and modeled data were used to train an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) in order to compare the classification rates of the models regarding the identification of subjects due to their kinematic patterns. As expected the optimized SVM separated the data over all velocities more precisely and classification rates of 100% could be achieved concerning the identification of subjects (ANN 94%-95.5%). Regarding the identification of individuals with models that were trained with data from different velocities the SVM could still achieve a classification rate of 98.6% (ANN 94%). Due to the implemented optimization in data separation classification of unknown data with the SVM leads to a higher rate of classification.
THE GASEOUS CONTENT OF THE BLOOD AND THE OUTPUT OF THE HEART IN NORMAL RESTING ADULTS.

In a previous paper (Burwell and Robinson, 1924) we have described a respiratory procedure by which a gas mixture is obtained in which both oxygen and carbon dioxide are in equilibrium with those gases in the blood entering the lungs (the mixed venous blood). The equilibration of this gas with blood of the subject allows, therefore, the determination of the oxygen and carbon dioxide content of the mixed venous blood. We used the analytical method of Van Slyke and Stadie. The data thus obtained, together with those obtained by measuring the gas exchange in the lungs, and by counting the pulse, allow the output of the heart per minute and per beat, by a method to be described in the second part of this paper. Material. In the present paper we wish to report the results of a study of eleven normal resting subjects, all of whom are members of a hospital staff, ranging in age from twenty-five to forty-five years. All observations were made in the morning, after about half an hour's rest in a reclining chair, and at least twelve hours after taking food. As nearly identical conditions as possible were obtained in all determinations. Gaseous tension of the mixed venous blood. In table 1 are brought together the results of a number of observers. In all instances the principle of using the lungs as an aerotonometer, as suggested by Pfluiger has been employed. Loewy and v. Schr6tter (1905) measured the tension of oxygen and carbon dioxide in gas withdrawn from an occluded portion of a lung by means of a lung catheter. All other observers have used some modification of the rebreathing method introduced by Plesch (1909).
A Comparison of Single User Detection and Joint Detection for Centralized and Decentralized Code { Division Multiple { Access

|The achievable spectral eÆciencies attainable with code{division multiple{access when each user and the common receiver can employ multiple antennas are studied. Comparing single user detection and joint detection we give the optimum number of parallel data streams to be transmitted over these antennas in order to reach maximum spectral eÆciency. Besides, we show for single user detection and decentralized transmission that a real{valued modulation scheme may lead to a higher spectral eÆciency than complex{valued modulation and discuss the relations of this result to space{time block codes applicable in centralized transmission. Keywords|Multiple Access, MIMO
Late evolution of the X-ray afterglow of GRB 030329

The X-ray afterglow of the Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 030329, associated with SN2003dh at z = 0.1685, has been observed with XMM-Newton 258 days after the burst explosion. A source with a flux of (6.2 ± 2.3) × 10 −16 erg cm −2 s −1 (0.5-2 keV) has been detected at the GRB position. This measurement, together with a re-analysis of the previous X-ray observations, indicates a flattening of the X-ray light curve ∼40 days after the burst. This is in remarkable agreement with the scenario invoking the presence of two jets with different opening angles. The wider jet should be responsible for the observed flattening due to its transition into the non-relativistic Sedov-Taylor phase.
Soil Moisture Estimation under Vegetation applying Polarimetric Decomposition Techniques

Polarimetric decomposition techniques and inversion algorithms are developed and applied on the OPAQUE data set acquired in spring 2007 to investigate their potential and limitations for soil moisture estimation. A three component model-based decomposition is used together with an eigenvalue decomposition in a combined approach to invert for soil moisture over bare and vegetated soils at L-band. The applied approach indicates a feasible capability to invert soil moisture after decomposing volume and ground scattering components over agricultural land surfaces. But there are still deficiencies in modeling the volume disturbance. The results show a root mean square error below 8.5vol. -% for the winter crop fields (winter wheat, winter triticale and winter barley) and below 11.5Vol-% for the summer crop field (summer barley) whereas all fields have a distinct volume layer of 55-85cm height.
Generation and Analysis of a Large-Scale Expressed Sequence Tag Database from a Full-Length Enriched cDNA Library of Developing Leaves of Gossypium hirsutum L

Background Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the world’s most economically-important crops. However, its entire genome has not been sequenced, and limited resources are available in GenBank for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf development and senescence. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, 9,874 high-quality ESTs were generated from a normalized, full-length cDNA library derived from pooled RNA isolated from throughout leaf development during the plant blooming stage. After clustering and assembly of these ESTs, 5,191 unique sequences, representative 1,652 contigs and 3,539 singletons, were obtained. The average unique sequence length was 682 bp. Annotation of these unique sequences revealed that 84.4% showed significant homology to sequences in the NCBI non-redundant protein database, and 57.3% had significant hits to known proteins in the Swiss-Prot database. Comparative analysis indicated that our library added 2,400 ESTs and 991 unique sequences to those known for cotton. The unigenes were functionally characterized by gene ontology annotation. We identified 1,339 and 200 unigenes as potential leaf senescence-related genes and transcription factors, respectively. Moreover, nine genes related to leaf senescence and eleven MYB transcription factors were randomly selected for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), which revealed that these genes were regulated differentially during senescence. The qRT-PCR for three GhYLSs revealed that these genes express express preferentially in senescent leaves. Conclusions/Significance These EST resources will provide valuable sequence information for gene expression profiling analyses and functional genomics studies to elucidate their roles, as well as for studying the mechanisms of leaf development and senescence in cotton and discovering candidate genes related to important agronomic traits of cotton. These data will also facilitate future whole-genome sequence assembly and annotation in G. hirsutum and comparative genomics among Gossypium species.
Discovering Causal and Temporal Relations in Biomedical Texts

In previous work on “Learning by Reading” we successfully extracted entities, states and events from technical natural language descriptions of processes. The research described here is aimed at the automatic discovery of causal and temporal ordering relations among states and events, specifically, among molecular and other events in biomedical articles. We have annotated causal and temporal relations in articles on the cell cycle, and we discuss our annotation guidelines and the issue of inter-annotator agreement. We then describe the natural language parsing and the inference system we use to extract these relations. We have created axioms manually for this system, focusing on temporal, causal and aspectual information and we have used semi-automatic means to augment these axioms. We have evaluated the performance of this system, and the results are promising.
Transparent FPGA flow

In this demo we propose an automated flow that allows the transparent execution of ordinary code on a heterogeneous platform including an FPGA. Our solution requires no change in the code, not even pragma indications to guide the optimization, and dynamically adapts its behaviour to the available data and the workload of the system. Thus, the developer does not need to be aware of the target platform details, nor she has to forecast usage patterns to prevent performance bottlenecks, as the system transparently identifies parallelizable, computationally-intensive code fragments and dispatches them to a data flow overlay architecture built on top of the FPGA. Since the bitstream we use is fixed, and contrary to HLS, we can alter the functionalities offered by the FPGA on-the-fly to adapt them to current usage. Finally, since we operate at the LLVM's Intermediate Representation (IR) level, our approach is language-agnostic.
Ovalbumin-Based Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Cell differentiation on glutaraldehyde cross-linked ovalbumin scaffolds was the main focus of this research. Salt leaching and freeze drying were used to create a three-dimensional porous structure. Average pore size was 147.84±40.36 μm and 111.79±30.71 μm for surface and cross sectional area, respectively. Wet compressive strength and elastic modulus were 6.8±3.6 kPa. Average glass transition temperature was 320.1±1.4°C. Scaffolds were sterilized with ethylene oxide prior to seeding MC3T3-E1 cells. Cells were stained with DAPI and Texas red to determine morphology and proliferation. Average cell numbers increased between 4-hour- and 96-hour-cultured scaffolds. Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels were measured at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Differentiation studies showed an increase in osteocalcin at 21 days and alkaline phosphatase levels at 14 days, both indicating differentiation occurred. This work demonstrated the use of ovalbumin scaffolds for a bone tissue engineering application.
Incentivizing Users for Balancing Bike Sharing Systems

Bike sharing systems have been recently adopted by a growing number of cities as a new means of transportation offering citizens a flexible, fast and green alternative for mobility. Users can pick up or drop off the bicycles at a station of their choice without prior notice or time planning. This increased flexibility comes with the challenge of unpredictable and fluctuating demand as well as irregular flow patterns of the bikes. As a result, these systems can incur imbalance problems such as the unavailability of bikes or parking docks at stations. In this light, operators deploy fleets of vehicles which re-distribute the bikes in order to guarantee a desirable service level. Can we engage the users themselves to solve the imbalance problem in bike sharing systems? In this paper, we address this question and present a crowdsourcing mechanism that incentivizes the users in the bike repositioning process by providing them with alternate choices to pick or return bikes in exchange for monetary incentives. We design the complete architecture of the incentives system which employs optimal pricing policies using the approach of regret minimization in online learning. We investigate the incentive compatibility of our mechanism and extensively evaluate it through simulations based on data collected via a survey study. Finally, we deployed the proposed system through a smartphone app among users of a large scale bike sharing system operated by a public transport company, and we provide results from this experimental deployment. To our knowledge, this is the first dynamic incentives system for bikes re-distribution ever deployed in a real-world bike sharing system.
Design and Analysis of an Optimal Orbit Control for a Communication Satellite

In this article, design and analysis of an optimal orbit control for a communication satellite is investigated. It is the challenging task and critical importance to control the orbit of a communication satellite especially the one used for worldwide communication. The main objective of this work is to evolve a design based on modelling and simulation of an optimal orbit controller for a satellite orbiting into a a geostationary orbit. This article first presents the mathematical model of satellite orbital dynamics and then illustrates the basic idea and technical formulation for controller design. The paper briefly explains the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) design method for optimal feedback control of the satellite orbital system. This approach has been considered in order to assure high control performance of the system. The simulation results show that if the satellite orbital system follow the control pattern obtained through the MATLAB simulation, the use of fuel for the thrusters can be optimized and the satellite orbit perturbation can be controlled within the specified design requirements. This can increase the efficiency of the thrusters and the lifetime of the satellite.
System Support for Management of Networked Low-Power Sensors

This paper addresses the problem of managing a wireless sensor network with mobile managers. The mobile managers should be able to create their connectivity to the nodes they manage, and advertise their interests in the management data to be collected. Also, the network nodes should self-manage their connectivity to the managers in order to forward the management data. To meet these requirements, we propose (1) an algorithm for creating and maintaining encounter-associated management connectivity and (2) both management data exchange protocols and programming abstractions for network management applications. Both our simulation-based evaluation and experimentation of the proposed algorithm and architectural elements on real sensors demonstrated their effectiveness in meeting the requirements
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS AND GROUP PROCESSES "I Love You More Today Than Yesterday": Romantic Partners' Perceptions of Changes in Love and Related Affect Over Time

Partners in romantic relationships provided reports on perceived changes in their love, commitment, and satisfaction and completed contemporaneous scales on the same relationship phenomena multiple times over several years. At each wave of the longitudinal study, participants whose relationships had remained intact perceived that their love and related phenomena had increased since they had last participated in the study. However, their scores on contemporaneous scales did not generally increase over time. Analyses indicated that participants' reports of change were related to actual change in love, commitment, and satisfaction scores and with future relationship stability. Furthermore, participants who experienced a breakup during the longitudinal study reported an overall decrease in their positive affect in the months prior to the breakup.
Application of evolutionary algorithms in detecting SMS spam at access layer

In recent years, Short Message Service (SMS) has been widely exploited in arbitrary advertising campaigns and the propagation of scam. In this paper, we first analyze the role of SMS spam as an increasing threat to mobile and smart phone users. Afterward, we present a filtering method for controlling SMS spam on the access layer of mobile devices. We analyze the role of different evolutionary and non evolutionary classifiers for our spam filter by assimilating the byte-level features of SMS. We evaluated our framework on real-world benign and spam datasets collected from Grumbletext and the users in our social networking community. The results of carefully designed experiments demonstrated that the evolutionary classifiers, like the Structural Learning Algorithm in Vague Environment (SLAVE), could efficiently detect spam messages at the access layer of a mobile device. To the best of our knowledge, the current work is the first SMS spam filter based on evolutionary classifier that works on the access layer of a mobile device. The results of our experiments show that our framework, using evolutionary algorithms, achieves a detection accuracy of more than 93%, with false alarm rate of 0.13$% in classifying spam SMS. Moreover, the memory requirement for incorporating SMS features is relatively small, and it takes less than one second to classify a message as spam or benign.
The Effect of Customer Verbal Aggression on Burnout in Frontline Employees in Hotels and Travel Agencies: The Moderating Role of Perceived Supervisor Support

This study aimed to assess the effect of customer verbal aggression (CVA) on job burnout (JB) in frontline employee in both hotels and travel agencies, trying to reveal if there is a difference between both sectors in this context. The study additionally tested the moderation role of perceived supervisor support (PSS) in the relation between customer verbal aggression and burnout in hotels and travel agencies. Two versions of the questionnaire were distributed online. The first among hotels employees and the second was addressed to travel agencies employees; 613 were retrieved and analyzed using the version of Spss 23.0. The results showed a significant difference among the level of customer verbal aggression, job burnout, and perceived supervisor support in hotels and travel agencies. Although there was a significant relation between customer verbal aggression and job burnout among frontline employees in both settings, this relationship was moderated by PSS in hotels but not in travel agencies. Eventually, the study concludes with recommendations and practical managerial implications in this regard and it can be considered as a first step for helping practitioners to efficiently manage such a phenomenon.
Microarray Analysis of the Gene Expression Profile and Lipid Metabolism in Fat-1 Transgenic Cattle

Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are beneficial for human health. However, humans and mammals are unable to synthesize n-3 PUFAs because they lack the n-3 desaturase gene fat-1 and must therefore obtain this type of fatty acid through their diet. Through the production of fat-1 transgenic animals, it is possible to obtain animal products that are rich in n-3 PUFAs, such as meat and milk. The aim of this study was to analyze the gene expression profile and the mechanism of lipid metabolism in fat-1 transgenic cattle and to accumulate important basic data that are required to obtain more efficient fat-1 transgenic cattle. Transcriptome profiling of fat-1 transgenic and wild-type cattle identified differentially expressed genes that are involved in 90 biological pathways, eight pathways of which were related to lipid metabolism processes 36 genes of which were related to lipid metabolism. This analysis also identified 11 significantly enriched genes that were involved in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway. These findings were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The information obtained in this study indicated that the introduction of an exogenous fat-1 gene into cattle affects the gene expression profile and the process of lipid metabolism in these animals. These results may provide important insights into how an exogenous fat-1 gene synthesizes n-3 PUFAs in transgenic cattle and other mammals.
Tribler Mobile : P 2 P Video Streaming from and to Mobile Devices

Peer-to-peer (P2P) mechanisms allow users with limited resources to distribute content to a large audience, without the need of intermediaries. These P2P mechanisms, however, appear to be ill-suited for mobile devices, given their limited resources: battery, bandwidth, and connectivity. Even Spotify, a commercial straming service where desktop clients stream about 80% of the data via P2P, does not use P2P on mobile devices. This paper describes Tribler Mobile, a mobile app that allows users to broadcast their own videos to potentially large audiences directly from their devices. Our system delegates most of the distribution tasks to boosters running on desktop computers. Our mechanisms are designed to be fully-decentralized and consider mobile devices’ limitations. Tribler Mobile is available as open-source software and have been installed by almost 500 users on their Android devices.