Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coping with clumsiness in the school playground: social and physical play in children with coordination impairments.

The playground activity of 110 children aged between 6 and 10 years was observed for 10 five-minute periods. Fifty-five children were assigned to a developmental coordination disorder (DCD) group and 55 to a control group, on the basis of their scores on the Movement ABC. Children in the DCD group spent more time alone, were onlookers more often, and played formal games in large groups less often if they were boys and informal games in large groups less often if they were girls. Social fantasy play did not differentiate between the two groups but social physical play did, particularly in the older age groups. Play performance in the DCD group was more variable overall with some boys taking an active part in team games while others never took part in them. This study indicates that as social non-physical play decreases with age, some children with impaired coordination may not become involved in social physical play. Children with impaired coordination can become isolated and solitary in the school playground. Various routes to social exclusion for these children are proposed and remain to be explored.
Transplants of Encapsulated Rat Choroid Plexus Cells Exert Neuroprotection in a Rodent Model of Huntington's Disease

Choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cells secrete several neurotrophic factors and have been used in transplantation studies designed to impart neuroprotection against central nervous system (CNS) trauma. In the present study, CP was isolated from adult rats, encapsulated within alginate microcapsules, and transplanted unilaterally into the rat striatum. Three days later, unilateral injections of quinolinic acid (QA; 225 nmol) were made into the ipsilateral striatum to mimic the pathology observed in Huntington's disease (HD). After surgery, animals were tested for motor function using the placement test. Rats receiving CP transplants were significantly less impaired on this test. Nissl-stained sections demonstrated that CP transplants significantly reduced the volume of the striatal lesion produced by QA. Quantitative analysis of striatal neurons further demonstrated that choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive, but not diaphorase-positive, neurons were protected by CP transplants. These data demonstrate that transplanted CP cells can be used to protect striatal neurons from excitotoxic damage and that the pattern of neuroprotection varies across specific neuronal populations.
A post‐partum single‐dose TDF/FTC tail does not prevent the selection of NNRTI resistance in women receiving pre‐partum ZDV and intrapartum single‐dose nevirapine to prevent mother‐to‐ child HIV‐1 transmission

Although the rates of vertical transmission of HIV in the developing world have improved to around 3% in countries like South Africa, resistance to antiretrovirals (ARV) used in Prevention of Mother‐to‐Child transmission (pMTCT) strategies may thwart such outcomes and affect the efficacy of future ARV regimens in mothers and children. This study conducted in Durban, South Africa, between 2010 and 2013 found a high rate of nevirapine (NVP) resistance among women receiving Zidovudine (AZT) from 14 weeks gestation, single dose nevirapine (sd NVP) at the onset of labor and a single dose of coformulated Tenofovir/Emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) postpartum. Using Sanger sequencing, high and intermediate levels of nevirapine (NVP) resistance were detected in 15/44 (34%) and in 1/44 (2%) of women tested, respectively. Most subjects selected the K103N mutation (22% (10/45) of all patients and 66% (10/15) of those with high‐level NVP resistance). Such rate of NVP resistance is comparable to studies where only sd NVP was used. In conclusion, a post‐partum single‐dose TDF/FTC tail does not prevent the selection of NNRTI resistance in women receiving pre‐partum ZDV and intrapartum sd NVP to prevent mother‐to‐child HIV‐1 transmission. J. Med. Virol. 87:1662–1667, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Team roles and team performance in defence acquisition

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to examine the extent to which Belbin's team role theories are relevant and can be used to predict performance in the context of the Integrated Project Teams (IPTs) responsible for acquisition within the Ministry of Defence (MoD). Design/methodology/approach – A sample of seven IPTs across the Defence Procurement Agency (DPA) and the Defence Logistics Organisation (DLO) completed Belbin's (1981) manual 8 Role Self Perception Inventory in order to determine their team role preferences. A team performance survey, developed by Barbara Senior in 2005, was then used to determine perceived process performance. The relationship between these two variables was examined in detail.Findings – The results provide support to the proposition that Belbin's Team Role Theory is relevant in MoD acquisition. Certain team roles are more predominant in certain functional roles within IPTs and this duplication could have a negative impact on performance, given Belbin's assertion that “b.
Induction of immunologic memory in infants primed with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines.

The ability of different Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines to induce immunologic memory was compared in 381 infants who were vaccinated with one of three conjugate vaccines beginning at 2 months of age. All infants were vaccinated with unconjugated type b capsular polysaccharide, polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP), at 12 months. In each group, high antibody responses were detected by 6-9 days after vaccination. One month after receiving PRP, infants primed with PRP conjugated to the outer membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis or PRP oligomers conjugated to the cross-reactive mutant diphtheria protein, CRM197, had twofold higher total anti-PRP antibody concentrations than did infants primed with PRP conjugated to tetanus toxoid (P < .005). After the conjugate and the PRP boost, notable differences were present among vaccine groups with respect to the magnitude of the IgG anti-PRP antibody concentrations and light chain variable region usage as determined by idiotypic analysis. Thus, each of the conjugate vaccines primed infants for the ability to evoke memory antibody responses to PRP, but qualitative and quantitative differences in priming induced by different vaccines may affect their ability to confer protection against disease.
Children's and Adults’ Ability to Build Online Emotional Inferences During Comprehension of Audiovisual and Auditory Texts

Two studies examined inferences drawn about the protagonist's emotional state in movies (Study 1) or audiobooks (Study 2). Children aged 5, 8, and 10 years old and adults took part. Participants saw or heard 20 movie scenes or sections of audiobooks taken or adapted from the TV show Lassie. An online measure of emotional inference was designed that assessed the ability of the participants to understand the main protagonist's emotional state. The participants’ emotional knowledge and media literacy were assessed as further variables. The results of the studies provide evidence that children from the age of 5 build emotional inferences when both watching movies and listening to audiobooks. A developmental trend exists with regard to the precision of the emotional inferences. Media literacy and emotional knowledge differed in terms of their influence on the ability to generate inferences, which was dependent on the age of the participant and the presentation mode.
The Approaches to Learning of Australian Tertiary Students: A Replication

ABSTRACT The learning processes of Australian tertiary students were examined in a longitudinal study which replicated that of Watkins and Hattie (1985). In accord with the earlier study, older students and Arts students were more likely to adopt deeper level approaches to learning. In addition it was once again those who most utilised surface level strategies, who disliked their learning environment and/or who had “pathological” learning problems who tended to perform least favourably in their first year courses. However, unlike the earlier study, it appeared that students who remained at ANU to complete their course did tend to change to less superficial learning strategies.
An Age-Related Dissociation of Short-Term Memory for Facial Identity and Facial Emotional Expression.

BACKGROUND Memory for both facial emotional expression and facial identity was explored in younger and older adults in 3 experiments using a delayed match-to-sample procedure. METHOD Memory sets of 1, 2, or 3 faces were presented, which were followed by a probe after a 3-s retention interval. RESULTS There was very little difference between younger and older adults in memory for emotional expressions, but memory for identity was substantially impaired in the older adults. DISCUSSION Possible explanations for spared memory for emotional expressions include socioemotional selectivity theory as well as the existence of overlapping yet distinct brain networks for processing of different emotions.
Impact of Modified 2013 ASCO/CAP Guidelines on HER2 Testing in Breast Cancer. One Year Experience

Introduction The latest guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) to test Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer after being revised in 2008 underwent a second modification in October 2013. The modification includes changes in cut-offs: 10% strong membranous staining for score 3+ on immunohistochemistry (IHC) (previously 30%) and using the ratio of >2 or absolute gene-copy-number (6 or more) alone or in combination with each other by in-situ-hybridisation technology (previously >2.2 and average copy-number of 6 or more). Hereby we addressed the question, which impact the modified cut-offs had on overall HER2-positivity in a single institution. Methods We prospectively analysed 617 consecutive diagnostic breast-cancer cases which underwent double HER2 testing by immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH), using the modified 2013 ASCO/CAP-guidelines for one year (October 2013–October 2014). Results were compared with HER2-test results on 1,528 consecutive diagnostic breast-cancer cases from two previous years (2011–2012), using the 2008 ASCO/CAP guidelines, also tested with IHC and FISH in each case. Results Between October 2013 and October 2014, overall HER2-positivity was 15.8% (98 of 617 cases were either IHC 3+ or FISH amplified). 79 of 617 cases (13%) were IHC 3+, 96 of 617 cases (15.5%) were FISH amplified. Equivocal cases were seen in 25 of 617 cases (4.1%). 22 of 25 equivocal cases (88%) in 2013–2014 were IHC 1+ or 2+. In 13 equivocal cases, there was a repeated IHC/FISH testing: 2 of 13 cases (15%) became FISH amplified, 1 of 13 cases (7.5%) became IHC 3+. In 2011–2012, overall HER2-positivity (IHC/FISH) was 13.8% (211 of 1,528 cases). 185 of 1,528 cases (12%) were 3+ on IHC, 181 of 1,522 cases (12%) were amplified by FISH. Six of 1,528 cases were equivocal by FISH, and interpreted as non-amplified (0.3%). Conclusions Applying the modified ASCO/CAP guidelines from 2013 resulted in an increase (2%) in overall HER2-positivity rate compared to overall-HER2-positivity rate using the 2008 ASCO/CAP guidelines. The increased positivity rate was mainly due to more FISH-positive cases (3.5% more than until 2013). The high rate of equivocal cases (4.1%) did not contribute to increase in overall HER2-positivity, but resulted in delay in definitive HER2-status.
Relaxation Estimation of RMSD in Molecular Dynamics Immunosimulations

Molecular dynamics simulations have to be sufficiently long to draw reliable conclusions. However, no method exists to prove that a simulation has converged. We suggest the method of “lagged RMSD-analysis” as a tool to judge if an MD simulation has not yet run long enough. The analysis is based on RMSD values between pairs of configurations separated by variable time intervals Δt. Unless RMSD(Δt) has reached a stationary shape, the simulation has not yet converged.
The relationships between school guidance and discipline: critical contrasts in two Hong Kong secondary schools

Hong Kong secondary schools have difficulty in integrating guidance, or counselling, and discipline into schooling. In some schools, discipline is overdeveloped while guidance is underdeveloped. The positive aspect of the caring system is distorted as part of the provision of discipline. This article looks at the distinction between guidance and discipline, and deals with what relatively little is known about in current research, that is, how guidance and discipline function within a school organization. It uses the perspectives of interactionism and social constructionism to contrast the relationship between guidance and discipline in two Hong Kong secondary schools. It employs case study and qualitative methods for data collection. Data for the two schools show that the contextual and organizational factors have a profound impact on the connectedness between guidance and discipline at the three levels of whole school, department and classroom. Finally, the implications for their implementation and integration will be given.
β-HPV 5 and 8 E6 Disrupt Homology Dependent Double Strand Break Repair by Attenuating BRCA1 and BRCA2 Expression and Foci Formation

Recent work has explored a putative role for the E6 protein from some β-human papillomavirus genus (β-HPVs) in the development of non-melanoma skin cancers, specifically β-HPV 5 and 8 E6. Because these viruses are not required for tumor maintenance, they are hypothesized to act as co-factors that enhance the mutagenic capacity of UV-exposure by disrupting the repair of the resulting DNA damage. Supporting this proposal, we have previously demonstrated that UV damage signaling is hindered by β-HPV 5 and 8 E6 resulting in an increase in both thymine dimers and UV-induced double strand breaks (DSBs). Here we show that β-HPV 5 and 8 E6 further disrupt the repair of these DSBs and provide a mechanism for this attenuation. By binding and destabilizing a histone acetyltransferase, p300, β-HPV 5 and 8 E6 reduce the enrichment of the transcription factor at the promoter of two genes critical to the homology dependent repair of DSBs (BRCA1 and BRCA2). The resulting diminished BRCA1/2 transcription not only leads to lower protein levels but also curtails the ability of these proteins to form repair foci at DSBs. Using a GFP-based reporter, we confirm that this reduced foci formation leads to significantly diminished homology dependent repair of DSBs. By deleting the p300 binding domain of β-HPV 8 E6, we demonstrate that the loss of robust repair is dependent on viral-mediated degradation of p300 and confirm this observation using a combination of p300 mutants that are β-HPV 8 E6 destabilization resistant and p300 knock-out cells. In conclusion, this work establishes an expanded ability of β-HPV 5 and 8 E6 to attenuate UV damage repair, thus adding further support to the hypothesis that β-HPV infections play a role in skin cancer development by increasing the oncogenic potential of UV exposure.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the brain subfornical organ contributes to sex differences in angiotensin‐dependent hypertension in rats

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the brain subfornical organ (SFO), a key cardiovascular regulatory centre, has been implicated in angiotensin (ANG) II‐induced hypertension in males; however, the contribution of ER stress to ANG II‐induced hypertension in females is unknown. Female hormones have been shown to prevent ER stress in the periphery. We tested the hypothesis that females are less susceptible to ANG II‐induced SFO ER stress than males, leading to sex differences in hypertension.
Parental and Peer Influences on Adolescents' Educational Plans: Some Further Evidence

The specific influence of parents and peers on adolescents' educational aspirations is examined in a relational sample of matched adolescent-parent-best friend triads (N=762). A nonrecursive model of peer influence is also estimated. Most previous estimates of interpersonal influences are based on the adolescent's perceptions of the significant other's attitudes or behaviors rather than on the significant other's self-reports of these attributes. Estimates of interpersonal influences based upon self-reported attributes are presented. It is shown that perceptual measures inflate estimates of interpersonal influence. Independent data from parents document that perceptual measures of significant others' attributes reflect not only attributes of the person being perceived but also attributes of the perceiver. Parental influence on the adolescent's aspirations is stronger than peer influence, and this influence does not decline over the adolescent years. Peers are involved in a process of reciprocal influence, and peer influences are stronger among girls than among boys.
A team of equals: teaching writing in the sciences

Writing across the curriculum (WAC) is a way of integrating the teaching of writing into specific academic disciplines. A problem faced in the WAC literature is how to develop a process that integrates the skills of multi‐disciplinary teams. In this project, action research was used to develop a team comprising faculty from the applied sciences and a writing teacher which had been commissioned to integrate the teaching of writing into an undergraduate horticulture course. Five features of action research were of particular importance: the foci of change and collaboration, the rational, systematic process it provided, the locating of the research in a real as opposed to controlled context, and the dual foci of action and research. Action research provided a successful process and structure for the project: outcomes included changed attitudes to writing amongst students and a deeper understanding of how students value written assessment. Unexpected outcomes included spontaneous participation of students in the action research process, the provision of useful methods of reflection for teaching staff, and the development of professional trust amongst faculty from different disciplines.
Evidence that Ca2+ cycling by the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase increases the `excitability' of the extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor

The extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaR) is a widely expressed G-protein-coupled receptor that translates information about [Ca2+] in the extracellular milieu to the interior of the cell, usually via intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathways. Using fura-2 imaging of cytoplasmic [Ca2+], we observed that HEK293 cells expressing CaR oscillated readily under conditions permissive for CaR activation. Spiking was also triggered in the absence of external Ca2+ by the CaR agonist spermine (1 mM). Oscillating cells were typically located in clusters of closely apposed cells, but Ca2+ spiking was insensitive to the gap junction inhibitor 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid. We hypothesized that Ca2+ signals might be amplified, in part, through a positive feedback loop in which Ca2+ extrusion via the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) activates CaRs on the same cell or adjacent cells through local increases in [Ca2+]out. In support of this idea, addition of exogenous Ca2+ buffers (keeping free [Ca2+]out constant) attenuated or eliminated Ca2+ signals (manifested as oscillations), as did PMCA inhibitors (HgCl2, orthovanadate and Caloxin 2A1). Measurement of extracellular [Ca2+] using the near membrane probe fura-C18 revealed that external [Ca2+] rose following receptor activation, sometimes displaying an oscillatory pattern. Our data suggest that PMCA-mediated cycling of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane leads to localized increases in [Ca2+]out that increase the excitability of CaR.
Efficient power grid integrity analysis using on-the-fly error check and reduction

In this paper, we present a new voltage IR drop analysis approach for large on-chip power delivery networks. The new approach is based on recently proposed sampling based reduction technique to reduce the circuit matrices before the simulation. Due to the disruptive nature of tap current waveforms in typical industry power grid networks, input current sources typically has wide frequency power spectrum. To avoid the excessively sampling, the new approach introduces an error check mechanism and on-the-fly error reduction scheme during the simulation of the reduced circuits to improve the accuracy of estimating the the large IR drops. The proposed method presents a new way to combine model order reduction and simulation to achieve the overall efficiency of simulation. The new method can also easily trade errors for speed for different applications. Experimental results show the proposed IR drop analysis method can significantly reduce the errors of the existing ETBR method at the similar computing cost, while it can have 10X and more speedup over the the commercial power grid simulator in UltraSim with about 1–2% errors on a number of real industry benchmark circuits.
Signals of Public Opinion in Online Communication

This study offers a systematic comparison of automated content analysis tools. The ability of different lexicons to correctly identify affective tone (e.g., positive vs. negative) is assessed in different social media environments. Our comparisons examine the reliability and validity of publicly available, off-the-shelf classifiers. We use datasets from a range of online sources that vary in the diversity and formality of the language used, and we apply different classifiers to extract information about the affective tone in these datasets. We first measure agreement (reliability test) and then compare their classifications with the benchmark of human coding (validity test). Our analyses show that validity and reliability vary with the formality and diversity of the text; we also show that ready-to-use methods leave much space for improvement when analyzing domain-specific content and that a machine-learning approach offers more accurate predictions across communication domains.
Large-scale study of social network structure and team performance in a multiplayer online game

A question of interest in both theory and practice is if and how familiarity between members of a team, expressed in terms of social network structure, relates to the success of the team in a given task. In this paper we revisit this important question in a novel manner by employing game outcome statistics from Dota 2, a popular team-based multiplayer online game, combined with network data from Steam Community, a social networking service for gamers. We conduct a large-scale analysis of 4168 teams to study how network density, and the minimum and maximum degree of the within-team social network are associated with team performance, and determine how this association is moderated by team skill. We observe that minimum degree is strongly associated with good performance, especially in teams with lower skill. Together with previous results on network density that we corroborate in this paper, our findings suggest that a successful team is not only moderately connected overall, but its members should also individually have not too few nor too many within team connections.