Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrating a Large-Scale, Reusable Lexicon with a Natural Language Generator

This paper presents the integration of a large-scale, reusable lexicon for generation with the FUF/SURGE unification-based syntactic realizer. The lexicon was combined from multiple existing resources in a semi-automatic process. The integration is a multi-step unification process. This integration allows the reuse of lexical, syntactic, and semantic knowledge encoded in the lexicon in the development of lexical chooser module in a generation system. The lexicon also brings other benefits to a generation system: for example, the ability to generate many lexical and syntactic paraphrases and the ability to avoid non-grammatical output.
Functional Opsonic Activity of Human Serum Antibodies to Inner Core Lipopolysaccharide (galE) of Serogroup B Meningococci Measured by Flow Cytometry

ABSTRACT A recently described flow cytometric opsonophagocytic assay (OPA) was adapted to quantify the functional activity of serum antibodies specifically directed against serogroup B inner core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Neisseria meningitidis. The percentage of human peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes (PMNms) ingesting fluorescently labeled, ethanol-fixedN. meningitidis organisms (phagocytic activity) in the presence of human sera was measured to reflect the serum opsonic activity against the bacterium. The contribution to opsonophagocytic activity of antibodies to inner core LPS was estimated by comparing the opsonic activities of adult and infant sera before and after adsorbing anti-LPS antibodies from the sera using purified LPS extracted from an LPS mutant (galE) of N. meningitidis strain MC58 (B:15:P1.7,16:L3). The specificity of the assay was further investigated using monoclonal antibody (MAb) B5, which binds to an inner core LPS epitope of N. meningitidis. A dose-dependent decrease in phagocytic activity was observed when MAb B5 was incubated with LPS from an inner core LPS (galE) mutant. Similarly, the number of PMNms ingesting fluorescently labeled polystyrene beads coated with inner core (galE) LPS decreased in a dose-dependent fashion when MAb B5 was incubated with various concentrations of the homologous inner core LPS. Strong correlations were found between the concentration of serum antibodies to inner core LPS (galE) versus the phagocytic activity using healthy adult sera (r2 = 0.89). There was a correlation between phagocytic ingestion and initiation of intracellular oxidative burst (r2= 0.99) using polystyrene beads coated with inner core LPS and opsonized with the same sera using the oxidative burst indicator system dihydrorhodamine123/rhodamine 123. OPA results were also found to correlate closely with the results of the serum bactericidal assay using MAb B5 against the N. meningitidis MC58galE mutant in the presence of human complement (r2 = 0.994, P = 0.003, two-tailed test). These studies demonstrate that functional antibodies are produced in humans against meningococcal inner core LPS and that the OPA is a useful approach to study the opsonic activity of antibodies to inner core LPS in health and disease.
Epsin 3 Is a Novel Extracellular Matrix-induced Transcript Specific to Wounded Epithelia*

Using an in vitro model of keratinocyte activation by the extracellular matrix following injury, we have identified epsin 3, a novel protein closely related to, but distinct from previously described epsins. Epsin 3 contains a domain structure common to this gene family, yet demonstrates novel differences in its regulation and pattern of expression. Epsin 3 mRNA and protein were undetectable in keratinocytes isolated from unwounded skin, but induced in cells following contact with fibrillar type I collagen. The native triple helical structure of collagen was required to mediate this response as cells failed to express epsin 3 when plated on gelatin. Consistent with the reported function of other epsins, epsin 3 was evident in keratinocytes as punctate vesicles throughout the cytoplasm that partially co-localized with clathrin. In addition, epsin 3 exhibited nuclear accumulation when nuclear export was inhibited. In contrast to other known epsins, epsin 3 was restricted to keratinocytes migrating across collagen and down-regulated following cell differentiation, suggesting that expression was spatially and temporally regulated. Indeed, epsin 3 was localized specifically to migrating keratinocytes in cutaneous wounds, but not found in intact skin. Intriguingly, Northern hybridization and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction experiments indicated that epsin 3 expression was restricted to epithelial wounds or pathologies exhibiting altered cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Thus, we have identified a novel type I collagen-induced epsin that demonstrates structural and behavioral similarity to this gene family, yet exhibits restricted and regulated expression, suggesting that epsin 3 may serve an important function in activated epithelial cells during tissue morphogenesis.
Making Text Resources Accessible to the Reader: the Case of Patent Claims

Hardly any other kind of text structures is as notoriously difficult to read as patents. This is first of all due to their abstract vocabulary and their very complex syntactic constructions. Especially the claims in a patent are a challenge: in accordance with international patent writing regulations, each claim must be rendered in a single sentence. As a result, sentences with more than 200 words are not uncommon. Therefore, paraphrasing of the claims in terms the user can understand is of high demand. We present a rule-based paraphrasing module that realizes paraphrasing of patent claims in English as a rewriting task. Prior to the rewriting proper, the module implies the stages of simplification and discourse and syntactic analyses. The rewriting makes use of a full-fledged text generator and consists in a number of genuine generation tasks such as aggregation, selection of referring expressions, choice of discourse markers and syntactic generation. As generator, we use the MATE-work bench, which is based on the Meaning-Text Theory of linguistics.
HOMCOS: a server to predict interacting protein pairs and interacting sites by homology modeling of complex structures

As protein–protein interactions are crucial in most biological processes, it is valuable to understand how and where protein pairs interact. We developed a web server HOMCOS (Homology Modeling of Complex Structure, http://biunit.naist.jp/homcos) to predict interacting protein pairs and interacting sites by homology modeling of complex structures. Our server is capable of three services. The first is modeling heterodimers from two query amino acid sequences posted by users. The server performs BLAST searches to identify homologous templates in the latest representative dataset of heterodimer structures generated from the PQS database. Structure validity is evaluated by the combination of sequence similarity and knowledge-based contact potential energy as previously described. The server generates a sequence-replaced model PDB file and a MODELLER script to build full atomic models of complex structures. The second service is modeling homodimers from one query sequence. The third service is identification of potentially interacting proteins for one query sequence. The server searches the dataset of heterodimer structures for a homologous template, outputs the candidate interacting sequences in the Uniprot database homologous for the interacting partner template proteins. These features are useful for wide range of researchers to predict putative interaction sites and interacting proteins.
Flash spark plasma sintering of magnesium silicide stannide with improved thermoelectric properties

Spark plasma sintering has become a routine method for the densification of thermoelectric (TE) materials. However, the impacts and details of direct Joule heating within TE materials have not been fully quantified and clarified. Here we investigated the feasibility of flash-sintering (high heating rate Joule heating) magnesium silicide stannide (MSS) using a spark plasma sintering furnace. A Mg2.1Si0. 487Sn0.5Sb0. 013 (MSS) green compact was sandwiched between two graphite punches without a die. Then a DC pulse voltage was applied between the punches and the current passed completely though the compact, without any of the current bypassing through a graphite die as occurs with a convectional SPS die–punch system. The direct heating was so efficient that a heating rate of ∼1000 °C was achieved and the sample was fully sintered in less than 45 s. Due to the high local Joule heating at the contacts of the particles, the MgO distribution pattern was modified and optimised, which broke the coated passivation layer on the MSS aggregates. The onset densification temperature was 170 to 350 °C lower than that in convectional SPS (750 °C). Importantly, it was possible to produce dense samples in a wide sintering window of ∼6 s, and the flash-sintering was controllable and repeatable. Flash sintering could open a new way for rapid densification of dense nanostructured and/or textured TE materials with low electrical resistivity by optimising the distribution or removal of the surface oxidation of the powder grains.
Sigir 2010 towards Accessible Search Systems Annual International Acm Sigir Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval Session 1 Childrens' Information Retrieval (chair: Ian Ruthven) a Closer Look at Children's Information Retrieval Usage: towards Child-centered Relevance 15.00-

I don't know where it is! " “I never find the stuff I'm looking for. " “Maybe I can find the Vice President's birthday in the SpongeBob Square-Pants website? " These are all responses we have received from 7, 9, or 11 year old children that have been searching online at home. In this talk, I will present seven search roles children display as information seekers using Internet keyword interfaces, based on a home study of 83 children. These roles are defined not only by the children's search actions, but also by who influences their searching, their perceived success, and trends in age and gender. These roles suggest a need for new interfaces that expand the notion of keywords, scaffold results, and develop a search culture among children. Future interfaces for mobile phones, netbooks, and more will be discussed. BIOGRAPHY Allison Druin is associate professor in the College of Information Studies at the University of Maryland, and director of the Human-Computer Interaction Lab. Druin's research is dedicated to designing technology for children. She believes that children should have a voice in making new technology for kids. Children's ideas need to be heard through-out the entire technology design process. In 1998, the lab began a unique technology design team. Seven children, aged seven to eleven, joined with researchers from computer science, education, art, robotics, and other disciplines, twice a week, to form an intergenerational, interdisciplinary design team. The team pursues projects, writes papers and creates new technologies. Druin's team created for instance the International Children's Digital Library, a multilingual free digital library of children's books, consisting of more than 4,000 books in over 50 languages, with more than three million users from over 160 countries worldwide. Druin also founded CHIKids at ACM SIGCHI, a program where children were CHI conference reporters, software testers, multi-media storytellers and more. Druin received her Ph.D from the University of New Mexico's College of Education in 1997 and a master degree from MIT Media Lab in 1987. She is the author/editor of three books on the design of children's technology. She received several awards for work. ACM SIGCHI awarded Druin the SIGCHI Social Impact Award together with Ben Bederson in 2010, and the SIGCHI Distinguished Service Award in 1998. Druin received a prestigious National Science Foundation Career Award, a five year research grant for promising junior faculty research, which she used to focus on the development of the classroom of the future.
Asymptotically fast group operations on Jacobians of general curves

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Interactive use of online health resources: a comparison of consumer and professional questions

OBJECTIVE To understand how consumer questions on online resources differ from questions asked by professionals, and how such consumer questions differ across resources. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten online question corpora, 5 consumer and 5 professional, with a combined total of over 40 000 questions, were analyzed using a variety of natural language processing techniques. These techniques analyze questions at the lexical, syntactic, and semantic levels, exposing differences in both form and content. RESULTS Consumer questions tend to be longer than professional questions, more closely resemble open-domain language, and focus far more on medical problems. Consumers ask more sub-questions, provide far more background information, and ask different types of questions than professionals. Furthermore, there is substantial variance of these factors between the different consumer corpora. DISCUSSION The form of consumer questions is highly dependent upon the individual online resource, especially in the amount of background information provided. Professionals, on the other hand, provide very little background information and often ask much shorter questions. The content of consumer questions is also highly dependent upon the resource. While professional questions commonly discuss treatments and tests, consumer questions focus disproportionately on symptoms and diseases. Further, consumers place far more emphasis on certain types of health problems (eg, sexual health). CONCLUSION Websites for consumers to submit health questions are a popular online resource filling important gaps in consumer health information. By analyzing how consumers write questions on these resources, we can better understand these gaps and create solutions for improving information access.This article is part of the Special Focus on Person-Generated Health and Wellness Data, which published in the May 2016 issue, Volume 23, Issue 3.
Deception detection for the tangled web

Deception is a reasonably common part of daily life that society sometimes demonstrates a degree of acceptance of, and occasionally people are very willing to be deceived. But can a computer identify deception and distinguish it from that which is not deceptive? We explore deception in various guises, differentiating it from lies, and highlighting the influence of medium and message in both deception and its detection. Our investigations to date have uncovered disagreements relating to the measurements of such cues, and variations in interpretations, as could be problematic in building a deception detection system.
First-Principles Investigation of Phase Stability, Elastic and Thermodynamic Properties in L12 Co3(Al,Mo,Ta) Phase

First-principles calculations have been performed to investigate the phase stability, elastic, and thermodynamic properties of Co3(Al,Mo,Ta) with the L12 structure. Calculated elastic constants showed that Co3(Al,Mo,Ta) is mechanically stable and possesses intrinsic ductility. Young’s and shear moduli of polycrystalline Co3(Al,Mo,Ta) were calculated using the Voigt-Reuss-Hill approach. It was found that the shear and Young’s moduli of Co3(Al,Mo,Ta) were smaller than those of Co3(Al,W). States density indicated the existence of covalent-like bonding in Co3(Al,Mo,Ta). Temperature-dependent thermodynamic properties of Co3(Al,Mo,Ta) could be described satisfactorily using the Debye-Grüneisen approach, including entropy, enthalpy, heat capacity and linear thermal expansion coefficient, showing their significant temperature dependences. Furthermore the obtained data could be employed in the modeling of thermodynamic and mechanical properties of Co-based alloys to enable the design of high temperature alloys.
Finite-Time Control of Uncertain Linear Systems Using Statistical Learning Methods

In this paper we show how some difficult linear algebra problems can be “approximately” solved using statistical learning methods. We illustrate our results by considering the state and output feedback, finite-time robust stabilization problems for linear systems subject to time-varying norm-bounded uncertainties and to unknown disturbances. In the state feedback case, we have obtained in an earlier paper, a sufficient condition for finite-time stabilization in the presence of time-varying disturbances; such condition requires the solution of a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) feasibility problem, which is by now a standard application of linear algebraic methods. In the output feedback case, however, we end up with a Bilinear Matrix Inequality (BMI) problem which we attack by resorting to a statistical approach.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for Stage I lung cancer with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: special reference to survival and radiation-induced pneumonitis

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate radiation-induced pneumonitis (RIP) and a related condition that we define in this report—prolonged minimal RIP (pmRIP)—after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for Stage I primary lung cancer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We assessed 136 Stage I lung cancer patients with COPD who underwent SBRT. Airflow limitation on spirometry was classified into four Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades, with minor modifications: GOLD 1 (mild), GOLD 2 (moderate), GOLD 3 (severe) and GOLD 4 (very severe). On this basis, we defined two subgroups: COPD-free (COPD −) and COPD-positive (COPD +). There was no significant difference in overall survival or cause-specific–survival between these groups. Of the 136 patients, 44 (32%) had pmRIP. Multivariate analysis showed that COPD and the Brinkman index were statistically significant risk factors for the development of pmRIP. COPD and the Brinkman index were predictive factors for pmRIP, although our findings also indicate that SBRT can be tolerated in early lung cancer patients with COPD.
Nanoclay‐reinforced syntactic foams: Flexure and thermal behavior

Syntactic foams containing 60 vol% of hollow glass microballoons in epoxy matrix are modified with untreated nanoclays using combined mechanical and ultrasonication methods. Effects of nanoclays on flexure and thermal behavior of syntactic foams are investigated by adding different amount of nanoclays in the range of 1–3% by weight. Microscopic examinations and physical property characterization are performed to determine the interactions among constituent materials and the void formation during fabrication. It is found that the syntactic foams with 2 wt% nanoclays show the highest improvement in flexural properties (∼42% strength and ∼18% modulus) and dynamic mechanical properties (∼30% storage modulus and ∼28% loss modulus) properties. Thermal decomposition temperature is found to be unaffected by the addition of nanoclays, whereas a continuous reduction in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is observed. An examination of failure surface indicates that the failure is initiated on the tension side of the flexure sample due to fracturing of microballoons. POLYM. COMPOS. , 31:1332–1342, 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Evaluation of Vipertex Enhanced Heat Transfer Tubes Under Fouling Conditions

Heat transfer enhancement is important in the development of high performance thermal systems. Fouling of a surface occurs when settlement or growth of unwanted material contaminates the surface to the point that the surface can no longer be used. Deposits are the result of a series of complex reactions that cause deposits to form on the surface. Economic and technical problems associated with fouling in process systems are known and documented. Parameters that influence fouling include: surface geometry, surface temperature, surface material/finish, fluid dynamics, flow velocity and fluid properties. For many conditions, fouling can be reduced but not necessarily eliminated. VipertexTM enhanced surfaces are flow optimized process surfaces that increase heat transfer through a combination of factors that include: increasing fluid turbulence, secondary flow development, disruption of the thermal boundary layer and increasing the heat transfer surface area. In addition to heat transfer enhancement, the fouling rate of VipertubesTM was much less than the rate of smooth tubes; additionally the total amount of fouling over a given time period was also less. This reduction in the rate of fouling is the result of secondary flow patterns that forms as a result of the patented Vipertex surface design. These secondary flows circulate near the tube surface and clean it, preventing the buildup of materials. Several Vipertubes were studied here, with flow rate and temperature data being monitored for the duration of the study. The tubes are exposed to untreated lake water for various time periods. Transient observations and heat transfer measurements of the surfaces were obtained. Fouling results presented include instantaneous and total fouling amounts. These observations support the conclusion that when compared to smooth tubes, Vipertubes provide superior thermal performance, providing heat transfer increases of more than 100 %. At the same time the surface of the Vipertubes also minimize the detrimental effects of fouling thus providing additional service time for Vipertex designs. Vipertex surfaces enhance heat transfer, minimize operating costs and recover more energy. These enhanced surfaces provide an opportunity to advance the design of many heat transfer products.
Fuzzy Vs. neuro-fuzzy: Implementation on the reconfigurable FPGA system

Fuzzy logic based inference techniques provide efficient solution for control problems in engineering applications. However due to lack of systematic approaches for hardware implementation of complex fuzzy controllers limits the applicability of these techniques in modern industrial applications. This paper, aims to address various hardware implementation issues of fuzzy system on a reconfigurable FPGA platform. It also proposes hardware friendly neuro-fuzzy technique as a better alternation of a fuzzy system. A simple problem has been realization on the Xilinx SPARTAN 3AN FPGA development board to demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the neuro-fuzzy over the fuzzy system. The results obtained under this study clearly show that neuro-fuzzy technique is the optimum choice in terms of speed, accuracy and resource utilization if hardware implementation is concerned.