Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Reports of Student Cheating: Does a Definition of Cheating Matter?

The authors examine student cheating based on implicit and explicit definitions of cheating. Prior to being provided a definition of cheating, students reported whether they had cheated. Students were then provided a definition of cheating and asked to rereport their cheating behaviors. Results indicate that students do not understand what constitutes cheating and are much more likely to report cheating postdefinition. In addition, both pre- and postdefinition cheating behaviors are more prevalent for students with lower GPAs and for those who perceive more cheating by student peers. Alcohol consumption, seeing another student cheat, fraternity/sorority membership, and athletic membership also increase the likelihood of cheating. These findings are consistent with previous studies. On the basis of a sample of students who provided cheating data after a definition of cheating is communicated, the authors find that students who believe that punishment for cheating is relatively severe are less likely to report cheating and that students at institutions with well-publicized honor codes are less likely to admit to cheating compared with students at nonhonor code institutions.
Sequential Chemotactic and Phagocytic Activation of Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils

ABSTRACT Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) chemotax to a foreign entity. When the chemoattractants’ origins are reached, specific receptors bind to the invader's surface, initiating phagocytosis, phagosome formation, and fusion with granule membranes, generating the bactericidal oxidative burst, and releasing lytic enzymes, specific peptides, and proteins. We explored the initial signaling involved in these functions by observing naïve, unprimed PMN in suspension using fluorescent indicators of cytoplasmic signals (Δ[Ca2+]i and ΔpHi) and of bactericidal entities (oxidative species and elastase) exposed to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and/or multivalent immune complexes (IC). fMLP and IC each initiate a rapid transient rise in [Ca2+]i, mostly from intracellular stores, simultaneously with a drop in pHi; these are followed by a drop in [Ca2+]i and a rise in pHi, with the latter being due to a Na+/H+ antiport. The impact of a second stimulation depends on the order in which stimuli are applied, on their dose, and on their nature. Provided that [Ca2+]i is restored, 10−7 M fMLP, previously shown to elicit maximal Δ[Ca2+]i but no bactericidal functions, did not prevent the cells’ responses with Δ[Ca2+]i to a subsequent high dose of fMLP or IC; conversely, cells first exposed to 120 μg/ml IC, previously shown to elicit maximal Δ[Ca2+]i and bactericidal functions, exhibited no subsequent Δ[Ca2+]i or ΔpHi to either stimulus. While exposure to 10−7 M fMLP, which saturates the PMN high-affinity receptor, did not elicit bactericidal release from these naïve unprimed PMN in suspension, 10−5 M fMLP did, presumably via the low-affinity receptor, using a different Ca2+ source.
Prey preference and host suitability of the predatory and parasitoid carabid beetle, Lebia grandis, for several species of Leptinotarsa beetles

Abstract Lebia grandis (Coleoptera: Carabidae), recorded as a parasitoid only on Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is capable of parasitizing the false potato beetle, L. juncta, and also L. haldemani. Historical records show that L. decemlineata, while the only recorded host, was not present in much of the original range of L. grandis, and may not have been its host prior to its expansion into eastern North America, where L. juncta is endemic. Our laboratory comparisons suggest that L. juncta, the presumptive original host, best supports the development of the parasitoid larval L. grandis, based on 43.6% successful emergence of the adult carabid parasitoid, compared to 11.5% from the two other Leptinotarsa species. L. grandis adults accept eggs and larvae of all 3 Leptinotarsa species as adult food. Naive, newly-emerged adults show no preference when presented the 3 species of third-instar larvae, which they consume at a mean rate of 3.3 per day, a rate which does not differ significantly by sex, larval host, or weight at emergence. When presented with equal amounts by weight of the 3 species of Leptinotarsa eggs, such adults consume the equivalent of 23.0 L. decemlineata eggs per day, with consumption of L. juncta eggs 67% higher by weight than L. decemlineata consumption. Insight into the biotic and abiotic limitations on L. grandis should aid in determining its potential for suppression of Colorado potato beetle by biological control in diverse agroecosystems.
Conceptual collective online reflection in multicultural education classes

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate how collective conceptual reflections facilitated by online blogs can promote pre‐service teachers' growth in multicultural education classes.Design/methodology/approach – Analysis of one blog is used to demonstrate how information gained through that triggered the instructor's informed reflection and guided subsequent in‐class teaching/learning.Findings – Through the analysis of the demonstrative blog, it becomes apparent that while pre‐service teachers were appropriating vocabulary used in the field of multicultural education, their narratives were superficial and oversimplified. Subsequent in‐class activities designed to attend to the conceptual gaps were used to problematize the simplistic views.Research limitations/implications – The data presented cannot be generalized to all pre‐service teachers. Since the purpose of this paper is to attend to the process and not the content, the demonstrative blog serves only as one possible example, which can b.
Spinning in the NAPLAN Ether: ‘Postscript on the Control Societies’ and the Seduction of Education in Australia

This paper applies concepts Deleuze developed in his ‘Postscript on the Societies of Control’, especially those relating to modulatory power, dividuation and control, to aspects of Australian schooling to explore how this transition is manifesting itself. Two modulatory machines of assessment, NAPLAN and My Schools, are examined as a means to better understand how the disciplinary institution is changing as a result of modulation. This transition from discipline to modulation is visible in the declining importance of the disciplinary teacher–student relationship as a measure of the success of the educative process. The transition occurs through seduction because that which purports to measure classroom quality is in fact a serpent of modulation that produces simulacra of the disciplinary classroom. The effect is to sever what happens in the disciplinary space from its representations in a luminiferous ether that overlays the classroom.
AIS Electronic

Despite the expected benefits of global virtual teams, their performance has been spotty and management continues to search for reasons why these teams fail. This work addresses this issue by performing a longitudinal case study of two virtual teams in order to uncover why one was more successful than the other. The study found that a key factor for one team’s poor performance was the entrainment of the temporal norms of both the countries and the social situations of the members that reduced the available real time meeting space to zero.
Leveraging Electromagnetic Polarization in a Two-Antenna Whiteboard in the Air

Wireless sensing, tracking, and drawing technologies are enabling exciting new possibilities for human-machine interaction. They primarily rely on measurements of backscattered phase, amplitude, and Doppler signal distortions, and often require many measurements of these quantities---in time, or from multiple antennas. In this paper we present the design and implementation of PolarDraw, the first whiteboard in the air that sends differentially-polarized wireless signals to glean more precise tracking information from a tag. Leveraging information received from each polarization angle, our novel algorithms infer orientation and position of an RFID-tagged pen using just two antennas, when the user writes in the air or on a physical whiteboard. An experimental comparison in a cluttered indoor office environment compares two-antenna PolarDraw with recent state-of-the-art object tracking systems that use double the number of antennas, demonstrating comparable centimeter-level tracking accuracy and character recognition rates (88--94%), thus making a case for the use of polarization in many other tracking systems.
Predicting teacher commitment: The impact of school climate and social–emotional learning

The aim of this study was to investigate whether school climate and social–emotional learning impact teacher commitment. The sample included 664 public schoolteachers from British Columbia and Ontario in Canada. Participants completed an online questionnaire about teacher commitment, school climate, and social–emotional learning. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that positive school climates significantly predicted three forms of teacher commitment: greater general professional commitment, future professional commitment, and organizational commitment. Of the school climate variables, student relations and collaboration among staff predicted commitment. In addition, stronger beliefs and integration of social–emotional learning predicted two types of teacher commitment: greater general professional commitment and organizational commitment. Of the social–emotional learning variables, the support and promotion of a social–emotional learning culture across the school and comfort with and regular implementation of social–emotional learning in the classroom predicted greater teacher commitment. Implications for practice and research are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond a critique of pure reason: From policy to politics to praxis in environmental and social research

Sustainability – in the sense of a system of deep‐rooted social justice and a fair and responsible allocation and use of ecological resources – requires a political philosophy adequate to its unique task in effecting change. Traditional Cartesian epistemes, that rely on formalistic policy declarations and which appeal to morality, are seen as inadequate without a rigorous historical and politically informed praxis, wherein our own cognitive, spiritual, and aesthetic development is seen as integral to developing processes “out there”. Several examples of attempts to form organic ties are provided to illustrate the use of praxis as a methodology of intervention.
The Foundations of Eclecticism

The heated debates between proponents of rational-choice, culturalist, and structuralist (or historical institutionalist) analysis over method and substance derive from differences over philosophical issues. This article relates these differences between ideal-typical rationalist, culturalist and structuralist analysis to their positions on two fundamental problems in social theory: (i) the epistemological significance of structural principles vis-a-vis agency; and (ii) the relative significance of the material and ideal dimensions of social processes. This suggests that many recent efforts at `synthesis' (e.g. through `analytic narratives') end up being rhetorical gestures since the fundamental assumptions identified with a given approach are not significantly relaxed. A more pragmatic position has been outlined in `structurationist' perspectives that build on Weber's social theory. Such perspectives are consciously agnostic about epistemological first principles in order to permit more question-driven analysis. Structurationism does not represent a novel paradigm for comparative analysis, but its epistemological flexibility makes it an ideal foundation for eclectic scholarship intended to transcend and engage the debates among rationalist, culturalist, and structuralist analysis.
Monitoring A , While Hoping for A & B : Experimental Evidence from a Multidimensional Task ∗ Preliminary and incomplete

Monitoring workers in order to match rewards to performance is a central justification for the importance of organizations and of management. However, when both inputs and outputs are difficult to measure, achieving this objective is difficult. We consider whether signaling and demonstrating monitor productivity on some performance dimensions leads to an improvement in worker performance on all dimensions. Preliminary results from a field experiment run among remote multi-dimensional task workers in rural Kenya demonstrate that increasing the visibility of monitoring on some dimensions improves performance on most of those dimensions, as well as performance on others. Our evidence is consistent with this monitoring acting as a signal of managerial productivity. JEL Classification: J24, M54, D83, O13 ∗The authors are grateful to Chris Barrett, Andrew Mude, and conference and seminar participants at the International Livestock Research Institute, NYU’s Stern School of Business, UCSD’s Rady School of Management, and the 4th International Conference on Computational Sustainability for valuable input and feedback. Oscar Naibei provided valuable research assistance. We gratefully acknowledge funding and resource support from NSF Expeditions CompSustNet: Expanding the Horizons of Computational Sustainability, Award CCF-1522054; NSF (0832782, 1059284, 1522054); ARO grant W911-NF-14-1-0498; The Center on Global Transformation at UC San Diego; the Policy Design and Evaluation Lab at UC San Diego; the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future’s Academic Venture Fund, and Australian Aid through the AusAID Development Research Awards Scheme. The views expressed in the publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Commonwealth of Australia. The Commonwealth of Australia accepts no responsibility for any loss, damage or injury resulting from reliance on any of the information or views contained in this publication. The authors thank the International Livestock Research Institute for generous hospitality. This study is registered in the AEA RCT Registry and the unique identifying number is: “AEARCTR-0001848” †Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, 438 Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850. ndj6@cornell.edu ‡School of Global Policy & Strategy, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093. lizlyons@ucsd.edu. §School of Global Policy & Strategy, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093. echebelyon@ucsd.edu ¶Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, 344 Bill and Melinda Gates Hall, Ithaca, NY 14830. lebras@cs.cornell.edu ‖Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, 353 Bill and Melinda Gates Hall, Ithaca, NY 14830. cmw84@cornell.edu
Constructively Challenging Diverse Inner-City Youth's Beliefs About Educational and Career Barriers and Supports

This study examines school and work barrier beliefs about the limitations of education for future career rewards and perceived supports for attaining the educational and career aspirations of low-income, inner-city, African American, Hispanic/Latino(a), and Caribbean immigrant youth. The authors find that higher levels of school andwork barrier beliefs are associated with lower aspirations, particularly for minority youth who are less recent immigrants. The authors described workshops designed to constructively challenge counterproductive school and work barrier beliefs by expanding participants' learning about accessible sources of support for attaining their school, work, and life goals. Results indicate that participants endorse two types of support sources: contextual supports (relational and community resources accessible in their environments) and personal resources (psychological assets within the individual). The authors propose that personal resources be conceptualized from social learning theory as facilitative task approach skills (e.g., productive work habits, learning-oriented performance expectations, helpful cognitive processes, beneficial problem orientations, self-regulated emotional responses, and other personal assets).
Solar Photovoltaic array based multilevel inverter for power conditioning in four-wire distribution system

This paper proposes a photovoltaic (PV) array based cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI) working active power filter as a shunt for four wire distribution system. This system is used for the power acclimatizing of distribution network as it is composed of linear, nonlinear and unbalanced loads. Solar Photovoltaic formed isolated source for CHBMLI. This active filter minimize line harmonics, minimize neutral wire current about to zero and it also injects real power as per requirement of the system. The grid interface and required reference signal generation is carried out with the help of Instantaneous power theory. The simulation studies are carried out in MATLAB Simulink environment.
Comprehensive bridging fault diagnosis based on the SLAT paradigm

This paper presents a logic diagnosis approach targeting bridging faults. The proposed approach is performed in two phases, (i) a fault localization phase based on the Single-Location-at-A-Time (SLAT) paradigm determining a set of suspects, and (ii) a fault model allocation phase associating a set of fault models to each suspect identified during the first phase. The main advantages of this approach are that the fault localization phase is fault model independent, and that the fault model allocation phase is able to deal at the same time with several bridging fault models leading to either static or dynamic faulty behaviors. Experimental results on full scan circuits show the diagnosis accuracy of the proposed approach in terms of absolute number of suspects. Moreover, a comparison with an industrial reference tool highlights the reliability of our approach.
Locus of control in obsessive-compulsive (OC) and depression symptoms: the moderating effect of externality on obsessive-related control beliefs in OC symptoms

Although the role of excessive efforts to exert mental control over one's unwanted intrusive thoughts has been successfully explained and documented in the cognitive-behavioural models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), individual's beliefs regarding the controllability of events, that is, locus of control (LOC), have been largely ignored in recent cognitive formulations of OCD. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between these two control-related cognitions by comparing their roles in obsessive-compulsive (OC) and depression symptoms. Measures of LOC, obsessive-related beliefs, depression, anxiety and OCD symptoms were administered to a sample of 530 Turkish university students. Results showed that while external LOC was positively associated with depression symptoms, the relation was different for OC symptoms. The interaction of LOC with a high desire for thought control was significantly associated with general OC symptoms, particularly with checking symptoms. The findings suggest that beliefs regarding the controllability of events are critical factors in OC symptomatology, but only when there is also a high desire of thought control.
Inverse Time Dependency in Convex Regularized Learning

In the conventional regularized learning, training time increases as the training set expands. Recent work on L2 linear SVM challenges this common sense by proposing the inverse time dependency on the training set size. In this paper, we first put forward a Primal Gradient Solver (PGS) to effectively solve the convex regularized learning problem. This solver is based on the stochastic gradient descent method and the Fenchel conjugate adjustment, employing the well-known online strongly convex optimization algorithm with logarithmic regret. We then theoretically prove the inverse dependency property of our PGS, embracing the previous work of the L2 linear SVM as a special case and enable the l_p-norm optimization to run within a bounded sphere, which qualifies more convex loss functions in PGS. We further illustrate this solver in three examples: SVM, logistic regression and regularized least square. Experimental results substantiate the property of the inverse dependency on training data size.
Identifying, recruiting, and enrolling adolescent survivors of childhood cancer into a randomized controlled trial of health promotion: preliminary experiences in the Survivor Health and Resilience Education (SHARE) Program.

OBJECTIVE To report on the identification, recruitment, and enrollment of adolescent survivors of childhood cancer into an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) of health promotion. METHODS A total of 244 adolescents were contacted by mail and telephone to assess their trial eligibility. Data were collected with respect to each adolescent's demographics and trial recruitment efforts (frequency and intensity of telephone call contact); exclusion and randomization status were tracked throughout. RESULTS Thirty-one percent of adolescents were ultimately randomized in the trial and 69% were excluded from randomization (13% were ineligible, 33% refused to participate, 22% were unreachable or nonresponsive, that is, did not respond to trial mailings or telephone calls, and less than 1% were withdrawn prior to randomization). Among all eligible adolescents, the trial's consent rate was 49%. Adolescents excluded owing to refusal resided the farthest away from the intervention site and experienced the least amount of telephone call contact time. The primary reasons for trial refusal were lack of interest in health promotion (28%) and lack of time to participate (23%). CONCLUSIONS Health promotion RCTs among adolescent survivors of childhood cancer may help prevent and control the onset and severity cancer-treatment-related late effects. However, trial success may be contingent upon tracing nonresponsive adolescents and reducing and eliminating barriers to participation.
The Impact of Adult Vitamin D Deficiency on Behaviour and Brain Function in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Background Vitamin D deficiency is common in the adult population, and this has been linked to depression and cognitive outcomes in clinical populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adult vitamin D (AVD) deficiency on behavioural tasks of relevance to neuropsychiatric disorders in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods Ten-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a control or vitamin D deficient diet for 6 weeks prior to, and during behavioural testing. We first examined a range of behavioural domains including locomotion, exploration, anxiety, social behaviour, learned helplessness, sensorimotor gating, and nociception. We then assessed locomotor response to the psychomimetic drugs, amphetamine and MK-801. Attention and vigilance were assessed using the 5 choice serial reaction time task (5C-SRT) and the 5 choice continuous performance task (5C-CPT) and, in a separate cohort, working memory was assessed using the delay match to sample (DMTS) task. We also examined excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in prefrontal cortex and striatum. Results AVD-deficient rats were deficient in vitamin D3 (<10 nM) and had normal calcium and phosphate levels after 8–10 weeks on the diet. Overall, AVD deficiency was not associated with an altered phenotype across the range of behavioural domains tested. On the 5C-SRT AVD-deficient rats made more premature responses and more head entries during longer inter-trial intervals (ITI) than control rats. On the 5C-CPT AVD-deficient rats took longer to make false alarm (FA) responses than control rats. AVD-deficient rats had increases in baseline GABA levels and the ratio of DOPAC/HVA within the striatum. Conclusions AVD-deficient rats exhibited no major impairments in any of the behavioural domains tested. Impairments in premature responses in AVD-deficient rats may indicate that these animals have specific alterations in striatal systems governing compulsive or reward-seeking behaviour.