Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributions of vimentin and desmin in developing chick myotubes in vivo. II. Immunoelectron microscopic study

The distribution of the intermediate filament proteins vimentin and desmin in developing and mature myotubes in vivo was studied by single and double immunoelectron microscopic labeling of ultrathin frozen sections of iliotibialis muscle in 7-21-d-old chick embryos, and neonatal and 1-d-old postnatal chicks. This work is an extension of our previous immunofluorescence studies of the same system (Tokuyasu, K. T., P. A. Maher and S. J. Singer, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 98:1961-1972). In immature myotubes of 7-11-d embryos, significant labeling for desmin and vimentin was found only in intermediate filaments, and these proteins coexisted in the same individual filaments. Each of the two proteins was present in irregular clusters along the entire length of a filament. No exclusively vimentin- or desmin-containing filaments were observed at this stage. In the early myotubes, the intermediate filaments were essentially all longitudinally oriented, even when they contained three times as much desmin as vimentin. No special relationship was recognized between the dispositions of the filaments and the organization of the myofibrils. Occasionally, several myofibrils were already aligned in lateral registry at this early stage, but labeling for desmin and vimentin was largely absent at the level of the Z bands. Instead, the Z bands appeared to be covered by elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The confinement of intermediate filaments to the level of the Z bands occurred in the myotubes of later embryos after the extensive lateral registry of the Z bands. Thus, intermediate filaments are unlikely to play a primary role in producing the lateral registration of myofibrils during myogenesis, but may be important in determining the polarization of the early myotube and the alignment of its organelles. Throughout the development of myotubes, desmin and vimentin remained in the form of intermediate filaments, although the number of filaments per unit volume of myotube appeared to be reduced as myofibrils increased in number in maturing myotubes. This observation indicated that the transverse orientation of intermediate filaments in mature myotubes does not result from the de novo polymerization of subunits from Z band to Z band, but a continuous shifting of the positions and directions of intact filaments.
Analysis of Internet topologies: A historical view

Discovering properties of the Internet topology is important for evaluating performance of various network protocols and applications. The discovery of power-laws and the application of spectral analysis to the Internet topology data indicate a complex behavior of the underlying network infrastructure that carries a variety of the Internet applications. In this paper, we present analysis of datasets collected from the Route Views project. The analysis of collected data shows certain historical trends in the development of the Internet topology. While values of various power-laws exponents have not substantially changed over the recent years, spectral analysis of the normalized Laplacian matrix of the associated graphs reveals notable changes in the clustering of Autonomous System (AS) nodes and their connectivity.
Thermoelectrics Handbook- Macro to Nano [Book Review]

This book is not about conventional thermocouples but rather thermocouples made from modern semiconductors whose material properties and geometry have been tailored specifically to meet the intended application and possess Seebeck coefficients of hundreds of mV/degree. The book covers the general principles and theory, material preparation and measurements of thermoelectric materials, thermoelements, thermoelectric systems, and applications. The majority of the book covers nanobase materials and applications, including thin-film structures. Material scientists, engineers, academia, and students working in the field of thermoelectric materials would find this book provides a wealth of information in a convenient single source.
Preclinical MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Review of Systems and Current Practices

Effective preclinical research is a vital component in the development of MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) and its translation to clinic. In this review, we seek to outline the challenges at hand for effective preclinical research, survey different solutions, and underline best practices. Furthermore, we summarize efforts to build and characterize dedicated preclinical MRgFUS equipment, including lab prototypes and available commercial products. Finally, we discuss constraints and considerations specific to using clinical MRgFUS equipment in preclinical research. Specifically, we examine additional hardware that has been used to adapt clinical MRgFUS equipment to better position, constrain, and image preclinical subjects, as well as software solutions that have been used to extend the potential and capabilities of clinical devices.
Microstrip-strip feed transparent ceramic rectangular dielectric resonator antenna

A transparent ceramic (TC) material with low relative dielectric constant of 7 has been used to form a rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) working at the frequency of 5.05GHz. The TC-RDRA is fed by using a microstrip-strip structure. The performance of such an antenna has been investigated experimentally and by simulation. The experimental and simulation results have shown a good agreement.
Learning new faces in an interactive activation and competition model

Abstract Certain contemporary accounts of object and face recognition use connectionist networks with local representations. This paper describes and extends one such account: an interactive activation and competition (IAC) model of face recognition. In contrast to many networks with distributed representations, IAC models do not incorporate a learning mechanism. This limits their use in psychological modelling. This paper describes how a learning mechanism can be built into an IAC model. The mechanism automatically learns new representations and appears to have many of the desirable properties traditionally associated with distributed networks. Some simulations that produce results consistent with our knowledge of human face learning are reported. Finally, the relation between this work and current theories of visual object recognition is discussed.
A Reexamination of the Effects of Race and Social Class on the Incidence of Marital Violence: A Search for Reliable Differences

The limitations of theory as well as the dearth of well-controlled empirical research on the association of race as well as race-by-class differences on the incidence of husband-to-wife violence has resulted in an insufficient data base to construct useful and valid conclusions. Consequently, the effects of race and social class were examined in a comparative study of husband-to-wife violence experienced by 307 black and white women across three social class positions who lived in a southeastern metropolitan city. In contrast to previous characterizations of marital violence among black couples, the results of this research reveal no significant differences between the proportion of black and white women who were victims of marital violence. The data do suggest that when social class positions are controlled, black middle class women experienced more violence than their white counterparts. This comparative investigation highlights implications for theory development and future research.
Expression of TNF‐α and CD44 is implicated in poor prognosis, cancer cell invasion, metastasis and resistance to the sunitinib treatment in clear cell renal cell carcinomas

Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) is involved in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and expression of CD44, a cancer stem cell marker, in several cancers. This study was performed to clarify the significance of TNF‐α and CD44 in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs). Expression of TNF‐α and CD44 was examined by immunohistochemistry in 120 ccRCCs. Involvement of TNF‐α in EMT and induction of CD44 was analyzed by monitoring expression of EMT‐related genes and CD44, and invasion in cultured ccRCC cell lines. TNF‐α and CD44 were immunolocalized mainly to carcinoma cells of high‐grade ccRCCs with positive correlations with primary tumor stage. A positive correlation was also obtained between TNF‐α and CD44 expression, and co‐upregulation of TNF‐α and CD44 was associated with primary tumor stage, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis. TNF‐α enhanced migration and invasion of ccRCC cells together with down‐regulation of E‐cadherin expression and up‐regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and CD44 expression. TNF‐α also up‐regulated the expression of TNF‐α itself in ccRCC cells. Among the 25 ccRCC patients treated with sunitinib for metastatic disease, high CD44 expression was associated with poor treatment outcome. Importantly, residual carcinoma cells in the sunitinib‐treated metastatic ccRCCs were strongly positive for CD44, and the CD44 expression was significantly higher in the tumors from the sunitinib‐treated patients than in those from untreated ones. Our data show that TNF‐α plays an important role in progression of ccRCCs by inducing EMT and CD44 expression, and suggest that CD44 induced by TNF‐α may be involved in the resistance to the sunitinib treatment.
Optical properties of superconducting K3C60 and insulating K6C60.

The electronic structures and the linear optical properties of superconducting fcc K{sub 3}C{sub 60} and insulating bcc K{sub 6}C{sub 60} are calculated by means of a first-principles method within the local-density approximation. The calculated optical properties for these two crystals as well as those of fcc C{sub 60} are in very good agreement with recent electron-energy-loss spectra measurements.
What Good Predictors of Marijuana Use are Good for

Longitudinal research has identified a multitude of variables associated with current and later marijuana use. These findings are relevant to intervention programmers and policy makers in at least two ways. First, variables correlated with marijuana use and, especially, those that are risk factors foreshadowing use may be appropriate targets for intervention which attempts to change them as a means of preventing or reducing marijuana use. Second, these findings identify individual characteristics that can be used for selecting high risk individuals into intervention services. However, the variables that are best for selecting at-risk individuals for service may or may not be the variables that are most strongly associated with marijuana use in a way that makes them attractive targets for intervention. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of the correlates of marijuana use based on 3690 effect sizes coded from 86 prospective longitudinal studies. The results summarize available research findings on the strength of the relationships for various categories of predictor variables and the implications of the nature of those relationships for application to the tasks of selecting likely users and targeting intervention on potential mediating variables.
Wideband class-E power amplifier covering the whole UHF broadcast band

Design and experimental results of a wideband and highly efficient class-E power amplifier are reported in this paper. The amplifier can cover the whole UHF broadcast band from 470MHz to 860MHz with an output power of 10W. The PA can achieve better than 70% power added efficiency (PAE) in a fractional bandwidth of 41% or better than 60% PAE in a bandwidth of 54% with 10W output power. To test the peak power capability, the PA has also been tested with pulsed CW signals and achieve up to 44dBm output power and 89% PAE when the drain supply voltage is fixed to be 30V.
Social Genome Mining for Crisis Prediction

With the increasing digitalization of western societies, we leave more and more digital traces in countless databases. These digital information include health records, bank account information, school grades etc. and they form our social digital footprint. The digital traces of a society as a hole form what is called the social genome and its analysis in real time or near real time has the potential to transform healthcare, the way we do business and even our behavior. The social genome can also be used to predict crises and can possibly prevent conflicts in future hot spots. However, the analysis of these vast amounts of data poses technical challenges and raises serious privacy issues. SM analysis has become a very active area of research and SM is mined for marketing purposes, to detect new trends, to get user opinions on products and services and to predict crises. This paper describes some of the methods used to analyze SM posts for crisis prediction by determining the social genome.
An open-source OCR evaluation tool

This paper describes an open-source tool which computes statistics of the differences between a reference text an the output of an OCR engine. It also facilitates the spotting of mismatches by generating an aligned bitext where the differences are highlighted and cross linked. The tool accepts a variety of input formats (both for the reference and the OCR) and can also be also used to compare the output of two different OCR engines. Some considerations on the criteria to compare the textual content of two files, at character and word level, are also discussed here.
A Brief Screening Scale to Identify Pedophilic Interests Among Child Molesters

Among child molesters, phallometrically measured sexual interest in children is associated with having male victims, multiple victims, younger victims, and extrafamilial victims. These sexual offense history variables are also associated with risk for sexual recidivism. The present study of 1,113 child molesters was conducted to determine if these sexual offense history variables could be used as items in a brief screening scale to identify pedophilic interests (SSPI: Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interests). Using a cutoff score that classified 90% of a sample of 206 nonchild molesters as not having pedophilic interests, SSPI scores identified pedophilic interests among child molesters significantly better than did chance. In phallometric testing, individuals with the highest SSPI score were more than 5 times as likely to show pedophilic interests than individuals receiving the lowest score. The SSPI is not intended to be a substitute for phallometric testing, but it may be useful for triage and risk management when testing is difficult to conduct, or as a research instrument when phallometric data are unavailable.
New sensorless control for brushless DC motors using disturbance observers and adaptive velocity estimations

A brushless DC motor has been represented by a nonlinear equation. Therefore, it has been difficult to apply linear control theory to brushless DC motor systems. In this paper, to apply the linear control theory to brushless DC motor systems, the authors propose considering the nonlinear term of the equation as a disturbance and to realize a sensorless control of the brushless DC motor using both the disturbance observer and the adaptive velocity estimation. With proper pole locations of the disturbance observer, stability of the position estimation is guaranteed, and stability of the adaptive velocity estimation is also guaranteed by Popov's hyperstability theory. The experimental results show that the proposed method is very useful.
Transmission scheduling in capture-based wireless networks

We study a multiple-source, single-destination wireless network that uses scheduled access as the channel-access method. Unlike many other studies of scheduled access, which are based on the use of a collision channel, we use a physical channel model that includes other-user interference, fading, and background noise. Our primary performance measure is throughput, which is the average number of packets that are successfully received by the destination per time slot. We develop algorithms for constructing transmission schedules, which exploit the power-capture capability of the network to enable the successful reception of multiple packets simultaneously. The results show the impact of schedule, channel fading, receiver noise, and interference on network performance. Our algorithms provide better performance than TDMA-based algorithms that do not take advantage of the power-capture capability of the network.
Pursuit evasion: the herding noncooperative dynamic game - the stochastic model

This article proposes a solution to the herding problem, a class of pursuit evasion problem in a stochastic framework. The problem involves a "pursuer" agent trying to herd a stochastically moving "evader" agent into a pen. The problem is stated in terms of allowable sequential actions of the two agents. The solution is obtained by applying the principles of stochastic dynamic programming. Three algorithms for solution are presented with their accompanying results.
Oxidative Modification of Rat Sulfotransferase 1A1 Activity in Hepatic Tissue Slices Correlates with Effects on the Purified Enzyme

Mammalian cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) catalyze the sulfation of xenobiotics as well as numerous endogenous molecules. The major aryl (phenol) SULT in rat liver, rSULT1A1, has been used extensively as a model enzyme for understanding the catalytic function of SULTs. Previous studies showed that purified rSULT1A1 displays significant catalytic changes in the presence of GSSG and other oxidants. In the present study, the effects of diamide [1,1′-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)] and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) on the activity of rSULT1A1 in rat hepatic slices were compared with the effects of these oxidants on a homogeneous preparation of the enzyme. Precision-cut hepatic slices were incubated with 10 μM 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-HC) in the presence of varied concentrations of either diamide or TBHP. Analysis of the 7-hydroxycoumarin sulfate released into the incubation medium indicated that both oxidants significantly increased the sulfation of 7-HC, and this occurred at optimal concentrations of 5 and 10 μM, respectively. Cellular GSH and GSSG levels in the hepatic slices were not significantly altered from control values at these concentrations of diamide and TBHP. Exposure of homogeneous rSULT1A1 to diamide or TBHP also increased the rate of sulfation of 7-HC, although the optimal concentrations of diamide and TBHP were lower (50- and 100-fold, respectively) than those required for effects with the hepatic slices. These results indicate that both diamide and TBHP may modify the rSULT1A1 in intact cells in a manner similar to that observed with the homogeneous purified enzyme.
Comparative Study for Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Survival of COPD Patients

Major causes of mortality rate vary due to COPD disease rising considerably today due to fast lifestyle. Accurate analysis of cardio data and correct prediction is a major challenge to save lives at an early stage. Using critical data analysis by applying statistical techniques and providing correct features as input to the ML techniques to predict the chances of heart attack and save many lives. Finding overall risk using artificial intelligence techniques and ML algorithms is highly demanding. This paper focuses on the various ML techniques that are applied and their comparative analyses are observed to correctly identify the CVD diseases.
Frame Error Rate Evaluation of a C-ARQ Protocol with Maximum-Likelihood Frame Combining

A coating solution for forming a selectively transmitting film which is effective for cutting off ultraviolet radiation in a wide range of wavelengths up to about 400 nm, maintains its stability and effect for a long time, has also a power of cutting off heat rays and a controlled transmittance of visible light, has any desired color produced by the addition of fine particles of an appropriate inorganic substance, and is applicable to glass in any existing building, or the like by a simple and inexpensive method using an appropriately selected binder, and a selectively transmitting film and a selectively transmitting multilayer film which are formed from the solution. The solution is a dispersion of fine particles having an average diameter of 100 nm or less of at least one of ruthenium oxide, titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, titanium silicide, molybdenum silicide, lanthanum boride, iron oxide and iron hydroxide oxide. It may also contain at least one of the alkoxides of silicon, zirconium, titanium and aluminum, and partially hydrolyzed polymers of those alkoxides, or a synthetic resin as a binder. The selectively transmitting film is formed by coating a base material with the solution, and hardening it. The selectively transmitting multilayer film has another film formed on the selectively transmitting film and containing at least one of the alkoxides of silicon, zirconium, titanium and aluminum, partially hydrolyzed polymers of those alkoxides, and a synthetic resin.
A powerful test for multiple rare variants association studies that incorporates sequencing qualities

Next-generation sequencing data will soon become routinely available for association studies between complex traits and rare variants. Sequencing data, however, are characterized by the presence of sequencing errors at each individual genotype. This makes it especially challenging to perform association studies of rare variants, which, due to their low minor allele frequencies, can be easily perturbed by genotype errors. In this article, we develop the quality-weighted multivariate score association test (qMSAT), a new procedure that allows powerful association tests between complex traits and multiple rare variants under the presence of sequencing errors. Simulation results based on quality scores from real data show that the qMSAT often dominates over current methods, that do not utilize quality information. In particular, the qMSAT can dramatically increase power over existing methods under moderate sample sizes and relatively low coverage. Moreover, in an obesity data study, we identified using the qMSAT two functional regions (MGLL promoter and MGLL 3′-untranslated region) where rare variants are associated with extreme obesity. Due to the high cost of sequencing data, the qMSAT is especially valuable for large-scale studies involving rare variants, as it can potentially increase power without additional experimental cost. qMSAT is freely available at http://qmsat.sourceforge. net/.
Psychological models of the justice motive: Antecedents of distributive and procedural justice.

Two psychological theories consider why people care about justice. The social-exchange-based resource model argues that people want to maximize the resources they obtain from social interactions, a goal that they believe is facilitated by following rules of distributive and procedural justice; the identity-based relational model suggests that people attempt to maintain high status within groups and use the justice of their experiences to evaluate their group status. Two studies on reactions to experiences with authorities ― legal and managerial ― examine the influence of these motives on (a) people's evaluations of the distributive and procedural justice of their experiences and (b) affective and behavioral reactions to those experiences