Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spinal extradural arteriovenous fistulas: a clinical and radiological description of different types and their novel treatment with Onyx.

OBJECT Spinal extradural (epidural) arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are uncommon vascular lesions of the spine with arteriovenous shunting located primarily in the epidural venous plexus. Understanding the complex anatomical variations of these uncommon lesions is important for management. The authors describe the different types of spinal extradural AVFs and their endovascular management using Onyx. METHODS Eight spinal extradural AVFs in 7 patients were studied using MR imaging, spinal angiography, and dynamic CT (DynaCT) between 2005 and 2009. Special consideration was given to the anatomy, pattern of venous drainage, and mass effect upon the nerve roots, spinal cord, and vertebrae. RESULTS The neuroaxial location of the 8 spinal extradural AVFs was lumbosacral in 1 patient, lumbar in 4 patients, thoracic in 2 patients, and cervical in 1 patient. Spinal extradural AVFs were divided into 3 types. In Type A spinal extradural AVFs, arteriovenous shunting occurs in the epidural space and these types have an intradural draining vein causing venous hypertension and spinal cord edema with associated myelopathy or cauda equina syndrome. Type B1 malformations are confined to the epidural space with no intradural draining vein, causing compression of the spinal cord and/or nerve roots with myelopathy and/or radiculopathy. Type B2 malformations are also confined to the epidural space with no intradural draining vein and no mass effect, and are asymptomatic. There were 4 Type A spinal extradural AVFs, 3 Type B1s, and 1 Type B2. Onyx was used in all cases for embolization. Follow-up at 6-24 months showed that 4 patients experienced excellent recovery. Three patients with Type A spinal extradural AVFs attained good motor recovery but experienced persistent bladder and/or bowel problems. CONCLUSIONS The current description of the different types of spinal extradural AVFs can help in understanding their pathophysiology and guide management. DynaCT was found to be useful in understanding the complex anatomy of these lesions. Endovascular treatment with Onyx is a good alternative for spinal extradural AVF management.
Relevance through Consortium Research? A Case Study

The Information Systems (IS) community is discussing the relevance of its research. Design-orientedIS research is considered a promising approach since it combines practical relevance and scientificrigor. Only limited guidance, however, is available for the researcher to gain access to and exchangeknowledge from the practitioners' domain. Consortium research addresses this issue. It is researchcollaboration between academic research institutions and partner companies aiming at jointlydeveloping IS artefacts. Consortium research as a method comprises four phases, namely analysis,design, evaluation, and diffusion. This paper presents a case study on consortium research in the areaof Corporate Data Quality Management (CDQM). In doing so, it explains the characteristics ofconsortium research which facilitate the knowledge transfer between researchers and practitioners.The paper contributes to the debate on research relevance by identifying aspects which - in furtherresearch - might be incorporated into existing guidelines for the conduct of design-oriented ISresearch.
Symbolic Reachability Computation for Families of Linear Vector Fields

The control paradigm of physical processes being supervised by digital programs has lead to the development of a theory of hybrid systems combining finite state automata with differential equations. One of the most important problems in the verification of hybrid systems is the reachability problem. Even though the computation of reachable spaces for finite state machines is well developed, computing the reachable space of a differential equation is difficult. In this paper, we present the first known families of linear differential equations with a decidable reachability problem. This is achieved by posing the reachability computation as a quantifier elimination problem in the decidable theory of the reals. We illustrate the applicability of our approach by performing computations using the packages Redlog and Qepcad. Such symbolic computations can be incorporated in computer-aided verification tools for purely discrete systems, resulting in verification tools for hybrid systems with linear differential equations.
Tradeoffs between chilling and forcing in satisfying dormancy requirements for Pacific Northwest tree species

Many temperate and boreal tree species have a chilling requirement, that is, they need to experience cold temperatures during fall and winter to burst bud normally in the spring. Results from trials with 11 Pacific Northwest tree species are consistent with the concept that plants can accumulate both chilling and forcing units simultaneously during the dormant season and they exhibit a tradeoff between amount of forcing and chilling. That is, the parallel model of chilling and forcing was effective in predicting budburst and well chilled plants require less forcing for bud burst than plants which have received less chilling. Genotypes differed in the shape of the possibility line which describes the quantitative tradeoff between chilling and forcing units. Plants which have an obligate chilling requirement (Douglas-fir, western hemlock, western larch, pines, and true firs) and received no or very low levels of chilling did not burst bud normally even with long photoperiods. Pacific madrone and western redcedar benefited from chilling in terms of requiring less forcing to promote bud burst but many plants burst bud normally without chilling. Equations predicting budburst were developed for each species in our trials for a portion of western North America under current climatic conditions and for 2080. Mean winter temperature was predicted to increase 3.2–5.5°C and this change resulted in earlier predicted budburst for Douglas-fir throughout much of our study area (up to 74 days earlier) but later budburst in some southern portions of its current range (up to 48 days later) as insufficient chilling is predicted to occur. Other species all had earlier predicted dates of budburst by 2080 than currently. Recent warming trends have resulted in earlier budburst for some woody plant species; however, the substantial winter warming predicted by some climate models will reduce future chilling in some locations such that budburst will not consistently occur earlier.
Elements of Ethics

@fmct:Contents @toc4:Preface iii From "Know Yourself! " to Correspondence iii @toc2:1 Introduction 0 2 From Doing to Living 00 3 Affections 00 4 Desire 000 5 Correspondence 000 6 The Analogy of Should 000 7 Unity and Universality 000 8 Freedom 000 9 CONSCIENCE 000 10 Adventures 000 11 Religion 000 @toc4:Index 000 Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Ethics
Study on Chinese person name disambiguation based on multi-stage strategy

Namesake is a very common phenomenon both in real world and in the Internet. This paper combines the problem of name disambiguation with clustering technique and attempts to achieve the purpose of person name disambiguation through clustering technique by putting different texts pointing to the same person to one cluster. In this paper, we propose a multi-stage strategy for text clustering. In the first stage, the bias classifier is used to generate the initial categories. The second stage is a re-clustering process of agglomerative hierarchical clustering to achieve the name disambiguation. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy of person name disambiguation.
Data availability in challenging networking environments in presence of failures

OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 11000, FI-00076 AALTO http://www.aalto. fi Author Mikko Juhani Pitkänen Name of the dissertation Manuscript submitted 18.06. 2010 Manuscript revised 25.11. 2010 Date of the defence 14.01. 2011 Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Monograph Faculty Department Field of research Opponent(s) Supervisor Instructor Abstract
Zone d'attente pour personnes en instance : une ethnographie de la détention frontalière en France

This ethnographic study of border detention in France investigates how, in response to trends in transnational migration, borders are governed through practices such as the confinement and deportation of foreign migrants. In particular, the increasing prominence of camps or other restricted areas in which migrants or illegal aliens are held for varying lengths of time highlight a new distribution of power, defined by access to mobility. Focusing on a specific form of control – the “waiting zone” at an airport's borders – this empirical study offers an in depth meditation on this power dynamic, which reflects, in itself, another political topography of globalization. The research investigates how democratic governments manage non citizen populations, and examines the ways in which the types of restriction and surveillance brought to bear on these people reconfigure physical, moral and political boundaries. The ethnographic components of the study seek to explore the everyday experience of the people who become subject to these tangled legal and humanitarian procedures. The research interweaves several key issues which shape policy on border detention: confinement, albeit in a humanitarian form, constructed through judicial activism and the administrative application of different standards of rights for various alien populations; the conflation of humanitarian care and control for populations identified as vulnerable; the redrawing of frontiers through networks and zones; and, lastly, the experience of mobility produced by the differential management of movement within the modern archipelagos of surveillance, of which waiting zones are part.
The framework and algorithm of a new phasor measurement unit

Phasor measurement unit (PMU) has the ability to identify and track the phasor values of voltage and current synchronously on a power system in real time, which is crucial to the detection of disturbances and characterization of transient swings. This paper provides an introduction to the framework of a new-type PMU, including the hardware architecture and the software structure. Then, an improved phasor computation algorithm is proposed to correct the errors occurred by the recursive DFT in the presence of frequency offset. Digital simulations and lab tests were accomplished with the new phasor-tracking algorithm. Results validated the performance of the improved phasor-tracking algorithm and its advantages over the traditional DFT algorithm.
On-line adjustment of dwell time for target selection by gaze

In eye typing systems, a dwell time that adjusts to the user's natural typing speed is highly desirable. We present an algorithm for on-line adjustment of dwell time developed after detailed analysis of exit time upon selection of virtual keys. Exit time was measured using a wide range of dwell times for key selection (300-1100 ms). The results suggest that there was considerable variability in exit time among users indicating the need for calibration of the algorithm. The algorithm was evaluated in a user study and proved to be efficient. We also discuss the shortcomings of the current algorithm's implementation.
Stable Isotope Metabolic Labeling with a Novel 15N-Enriched Bacteria Diet for Improved Proteomic Analyses of Mouse Models for Psychopathologies

The identification of differentially regulated proteins in animal models of psychiatric diseases is essential for a comprehensive analysis of associated psychopathological processes. Mass spectrometry is the most relevant method for analyzing differences in protein expression of tissue and body fluid proteomes. However, standardization of sample handling and sample-to-sample variability are problematic. Stable isotope metabolic labeling of a proteome represents the gold standard for quantitative mass spectrometry analysis. The simultaneous processing of a mixture of labeled and unlabeled samples allows a sensitive and accurate comparative analysis between the respective proteomes. Here, we describe a cost-effective feeding protocol based on a newly developed 15N bacteria diet based on Ralstonia eutropha protein, which was applied to a mouse model for trait anxiety. Tissue from 15N-labeled vs. 14N-unlabeled mice was examined by mass spectrometry and differences in the expression of glyoxalase-1 (GLO1) and histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 2 (Hint2) proteins were correlated with the animals' psychopathological behaviors for methodological validation and proof of concept, respectively. Additionally, phenotyping unraveled an antidepressant-like effect of the incorporation of the stable isotope 15N into the proteome of highly anxious mice. This novel phenomenon is of considerable relevance to the metabolic labeling method and could provide an opportunity for the discovery of candidate proteins involved in depression-like behavior. The newly developed 15N bacteria diet provides researchers a novel tool to discover disease-relevant protein expression differences in mouse models using quantitative mass spectrometry.
Glycosylation Focuses Sequence Variation in the Influenza A Virus H1 Hemagglutinin Globular Domain

Antigenic drift in the influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) is responsible for seasonal reformulation of influenza vaccines. Here, we address an important and largely overlooked issue in antigenic drift: how does the number and location of glycosylation sites affect HA evolution in man? We analyzed the glycosylation status of all full-length H1 subtype HA sequences available in the NCBI influenza database. We devised the “flow index” (FI), a simple algorithm that calculates the tendency for viruses to gain or lose consensus glycosylation sites. The FI predicts the predominance of glycosylation states among existing strains. Our analyses show that while the number of glycosylation sites in the HA globular domain does not influence the overall magnitude of variation in defined antigenic regions, variation focuses on those regions unshielded by glycosylation. This supports the conclusion that glycosylation generally shields HA from antibody-mediated neutralization, and implies that fitness costs in accommodating oligosaccharides limit virus escape via HA hyperglycosylation.
Handling Repeats and Jumps in Score-performance Synchronization

Given a score representation and a recorded performance of the same piece of music, the task of score-performance synchronization is to temporally align musical sections such as bars specified by the score to temporal sections in the performance. Most of the previous approaches assume that the score and the performance to be synchronized globally agree with regard to the overall musical structure. In practice, however, this assumption is often violated. For example, a performer may deviate from the score by ignoring a repeat or introducing an additional repeat that is not written in the score. In this paper, we introduce a synchronization approach that can cope with such structural differences. As main technical contribution, we describe a novel variant of dynamic time warping (DTW), referred to as JumpDTW, which allows for handling jumps and repeats in the alignment. Our approach is evaluated for the practically relevant case of synchronizing score data obtained from scanned sheet music via optical music recognition to corresponding audio recordings. Our experiments based on Beethoven piano sonatas show that JumpDTW can robustly identify and handle most of the occurring jumps and repeats leading to an overall alignment accuracy of over 99% on the bar-level.
Replica Placement for Availability in the Worst Case

We explore the problem of placing object replicas on nodes in a distributed system to maximize the number of objects that remain available when node failures occur. In our model, failing (the nodes hosting) a given threshold of replicas is sufficient to disable each object, and the adversary selects which nodes to fail to minimize the number of objects that remain available. We specifically explore placement strategies based on combinatorial structures called t-packings, provide a lower bound for the object availability they offer, show that these placements offer availability that is c-competitive with optimal, propose an efficient algorithm for computing combinations of t-packings that maximize their availability lower bound, and provide parameter selection strategies to concretely instantiate our schemes for different system sizes. We compare the availability offered by our approach to that of random replica placement, owing to the popularity of the latter approach in previous work. After quantifying the availability offered by random replica placement in our model, we show that our combinatorial strategy yields placements with better availability than random replica placement for many realistic parameter values.
Representation and the text : re-framing the narrative voice

”Representation And The Text – Re-Framing The Narrative Voice” consists of a collection of twelve chapters written by Norman K. Denzin, Patti Lather, Yvonna S. Lincoln, Donald E. Polkinghorne, William G. Tierney and seven other authors. The book covers important mainstream theoretical and practical issues relating to the development of postmodern narrative theory, research, method and analysis. In the introduction, the editors state that their main purpose is to ”focus specifically on authorial representations of contested reality in qualitative research”. The intention is to show and discuss how qualitative researchers in our times have tackled the old problem of the position of the researcher toward the research subject being studied. Important questions are asked: what constitutes the truth of observations in qualitative research, how can research results best be presented, and which focus groups of readers are the researchers addressing. Each author examines two basic themes: 1) to provide a critique of how authors use voice in narrative research, 2) to suggest ways to develop experimental voices that expand narrative strategies.
Effects of obesity surgery on food preferences, taste and reward in animals and humans

BACKGROUND: After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass bariatric surgery (RYGB) patients and animal models show a decreased preference for sweet/fatty foods. However, there are significant discrepancies in the findings of animal and human studies, and the mechanisms are not understood. AIMS: To investigate: 1. The effect of a high-fat (HFD) vs. low-fat (LFD) pre-operative maintenance diet on the ingestive behaviour of rats after RYGB 2. The effects of RYGB vs. gastric banding (BAND) surgery on food hedonics and brain reward
A face-capped [Fe4L4]8+ spin crossover tetrahedral cage.

Reported here is a face-capped Fe(ii) molecular tetrahedron, [Fe(4)L(4)](BF(4))(8), . Single crystal X-ray diffraction at 153 and 293 K suggest spin crossover (SCO) and variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm displays thermally driven SCO behaviour in the solid state and in dilute acetone solution centred around 284-288 K.
Development of a Rule Based Prognostic Tool for HER 2 Positive Breast Cancer Patients

A three stage development process for the production of a hierarchical rule based prognosis tool is described. The application for this tool is specific to breast cancer patients that have a positive expression of the HER 2 gene. The first stage is the development of a Bayesian classification neural network to classify for cancer specific mortality. Secondly, low-order Boolean rules are extracted form this model using an orthogonal search based rule extraction (OSRE) algorithm. Further to these rules additional information is gathered from the Kaplan-Meier survival estimates of the population, stratified by the categorizations of the input variables. Finally, expert knowledge is used to further simplify the rules and to rank them hierarchically in the form of a decision tree. The resulting decision tree groups all observations into specific categories by clinical profile and by event rate. The practical clinical value of this decision support tool will in future be tested by external validation with additional data from other clinical centres.
Can Irrelevant Onsets Capture Attention? Searching for a Unified Model of Attention Capture

Can salient stimuli, such as abrupt onsets, capture attention? Some researchers consistently find that they do, regardless of the observer’s current goals, whereas others consistently find the opposite. The present research begins with the observation that different theoretical camps consistently rely on different types of visual search: letter vs. color. In the present pre-cuing experiments, I directly compared these two approaches using identical stimulus displays, changing only the search dimension. The results were striking: letter search produced large cue validity effects, whereas color search produced negligible effects. Later experiments demonstrated a key role of search difficulty. I tested several candidate theoretical explanations for this phenomenon. The results support a nonstrategic cost of capture account called the search time model. This dissertation helps to resolve a twenty-year debate about attention capture and has profound implications for developing a comprehensive model of attention capture.
Securing The Kernel via Static Binary Rewriting and Program Shepherding

Recent Microsoft security bulletins show that kernel vulnerabilities are becoming more and more important security threats. Despite the pretty extensive security mitigations many of the kernel vulnerabilities are still exploitable. Successful kernel exploitation typically grants the attacker maximum privilege level and results in total machine compromise. To protect against kernel exploitation, we have developed a tool which statically rewrites the Microsoft Windows kernel as well as other kernel level modules. Such rewritten binary files allow us to monitor control flow transfers during operating system execution. At this point we are able to detect whether selected control transfer flow is valid or should be considered as an attack attempt. Our solution is especially directed towards preventing remote kernel exploitation attempts. Additionally, many of the local privilege escalation attacks are also blocked (also due to additional mitigation techniques we have implemented). Our tool was tested with Microsoft Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7 (under both virtual and physical machines) on IA-32 compatible processors. Our apparatus is also completely standalone and does not require any third party software.
Supplementary Material for “ Resampled Priors for Variational Autoencoders ”

Here, we derive the density p(z) for our rejection sampler that samples from a proposal distribution π(z) and accepts a sample with probability given by a(z). By definition, the probability of sampling z from the proposal is given by π(z), so the probability of sampling and then accepting a particular z is given by the product π(z)a(z). The probability of sampling and then rejecting z is given by the complementary probability π(z)(1− a(z)). Thus, the expected probability of accepting a sample is given by ∫ π(z)a(z)dz, whereas the expected probability of rejecting a sample is given by the complement 1− ∫ π(z)a(z)dz. With this setup we can now derive the density p(z) for sampling and accepting a particular sample z. First, we consider the case, where we keep resampling until we finally accept a sample, if necessary indefinitely; that is, we derive the density p∞(z) (Eq. (3) in the main paper). It is given by the sum over an infinite series of events: We could sample z in the first draw and accept it; or we could reject the sample in the first draw and subsequently sample and accept z; and so on. As all draws are independent, we can compute the sum as a geometric series: