Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
nkx2.1 and nkx2.4 genes function partially redundant during development of the zebrafish hypothalamus, preoptic region, and pallidum

During ventral forebrain development, orthologs of the homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2.1 control patterning of hypothalamus, preoptic region, and ventral telencephalon. However, the relative contributions of Nkx2.1 and Nkx2.4 to prosencephalon development are poorly understood. Therefore, we analyzed functions of the previously uncharacterized nkx2.4-like zgc:171531 as well as of the presumed nkx2.1 orthologs nkx2.1a and nkx2.1b in zebrafish forebrain development. Our results show that zgc:171531 and nkx2.1a display overlapping expression patterns and a high sequence similarity. Together with a high degree of synteny conservation, these findings indicate that both these genes indeed are paralogs of nkx2.4. As a result, we name zgc:171531 now nkx2.4a, and changed the name of nkx2.1a to nkx2.4b, and of nkx2.1b to nkx2.1. In nkx2.1, nkx2.4a, and nkx2.4b triple morpholino knockdown (nkx2TKD) embryos we observed a loss of the rostral part of prosomere 3 and its derivative posterior tubercular and hypothalamic structures. Furthermore, there was a loss of rostral and intermediate hypothalamus, while a residual preoptic region still develops. The reduction of the ventral diencephalon was accompanied by a ventral expansion of the dorsally expressed pax6, revealing a dorsalization of the basal hypothalamus. Within the telencephalon we observed a loss of pallidal markers, while striatum and pallium are forming. At the neuronal level, nkx2TKD morphants lacked several neurosecretory neuron types, including avp, crh, and pomc expressing cells in the hypothalamus, but still form oxt neurons in the preoptic region. Our data reveals that, while nkx2.1, nkx2.4a, and nkx2.4b genes act partially redundant in hypothalamic development, nkx2.1 is specifically involved in the development of rostral ventral forebrain including the pallidum and preoptic regions, whereas nkx2.4a and nkx2.4b control the intermediate and caudal hypothalamus.
Synthesis of artificial magnetic conductors by using multilayered frequency selective surfaces

In this letter, the combination of a multilayered dielectric structure, a capacitive frequency selective surface (FSS) and a perfectly electric conducting (PEC) ground plane is proposed for realizing high-impedance surfaces. These surfaces behave like an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) in a specific frequency range; the inclusion of the dielectric layers allows us to enhance the angular properties of the AMC as well as the frequency bandwidth of the device. In order to obtain the proper values of the design parameters, a genetic algorithm (GA) is employed that makes use of an electromagnetic solver based on the method of moments (MoM) to evaluate the scattering properties of the structure. A key step in the design procedure is the inclusion in the fitness function of the electromagnetic response of the high-impedance surface with respect to the illumination angle. The synthesized structure shows the desired frequency performance and reveals robust as concerns the stability of the solution with respect to a wide interval of illumination angles.
Japanese Dependency Structure Analysis Based on Support Vector Machines

This paper presents a method of Japanese dependency structure analysis based on Support Vector Machines (SVMs). Conventional parsing techniques based on Machine Learning framework, such as Decision Trees and Maximum Entropy Models, have difficulty in selecting useful features as well as finding appropriate combination of selected features. On the other hand, it is well-known that SVMs achieve high generalization performance even with input data of very high dimensional feature space. Furthermore, by introducing the Kernel principle, SVMs can carry out the training in high-dimensional spaces with a smaller computational cost independent of their dimensionality. We apply SVMs to Japanese dependency structure identification problem. Experimental results on Kyoto University corpus show that our system achieves the accuracy of 89.09% even with small training data (7958 sentences).
A secondary prevention, randomized trial of suloctidil in patients with a recent history of thromboembolic stroke.

Four hundred and thirty-eight patients who had suffered a thromboembolic stroke not less than two weeks or more than four months previously, were entered into a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial to determine whether suloctidil (200 mg t.i.d.) would influence the subsequent recurrence of stroke, the occurrence of myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular death. The two treatment groups were comparable at baseline with respect to important prognostic variables and there was good adherence to the study protocol during an average follow-up of 20 months. Significantly more patients complained of side-effects in the suloctidil group and more hepatotoxicity was also reported in the suloctidil group. Four cases of clinical hepatitis were suspected to be due to suloctidil, each of which was reversible on termination of study treatment; relative increases in SGOT and SGPT at three months in the suloctidil group were found to be mild and transient. The primary analysis of efficacy was based on the incidence of the first event of stroke, myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death, but excluding events that occurred more than 28 days after complete withdrawal from study medication for whatever reason. Thus, the primary analysis included 38 events in the suloctidil group and 47 in the placebo group (p = 0.17) representing a risk reduction of 24%. If total mortality is substituted for cardiovascular death, the corresponding figures are 47 in the suloctidil group and 58 in the placebo group (p = 0.08). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Supporting collaborative software development over GitHub

GitHub is a web‐based, distributed Software Configuration Management (SCM) system build over Git, which enables developers to host shared repositories over the Internet and access them from any location, at any time. It helps developers to effectively orchestrate their activities over shared codebases by capturing direct conflicts arising because of concurrent editing on the same shared artifact. However, SCM systems have limited support for capturing inconsistencies arising because of indirect conflicts which arise because of software dependency relationships that exist between related artifacts, and lead to the introduction of syntactic and semantic inconsistencies in codebases.
Social Theories of Risk Perception: At Once Indispensable and Insufficient

This article provides a critical comparative review of Ulrich Beck's and Mary Douglas's social theories of risk. The author is particularly concerned to highlight the partiality of their favoured renditions of the social reality of risk perception in relation to the accumulated evidence of empirical research. Their contrasting (and opposing) conceptions of the social processes through which people may negotiate the meaning of `hazard' in terms of `risk' are presented as ideal-types which are both indispensable and insufficient for explaining the cultural complexity of this phenomenon. Moreover, insofar as the lived experience of complexity may be made the object of sociological concern, it is suggested that we might be in a better position to evaluate the cultural significance of risk as a product of this experience.
The General Procedure for Resolving Manifold Ambiguity Using Planar Substrate Placement

The issue of resolving manifold ambiguity in subspace-based direction-finding systems using planar substrates is investigated in this paper. Manifold ambiguity is often referred to a situation when subspaced-based direction-finding techniques fail to correctly identify a unique set of directions-of-arrival due to the linear dependence amongst array manifold vectors. Various attempts have been proposed to suppress or minimize the presence of this undesirable situation. The recent work proposed offers an effective method to uniquely identify a correct set of directions by using flat medium substrates to place at the front-end of antenna elements. As the plane wave propagates through the substrate, the change of direction and the corresponding propagation delay will occur. This effectively, breaks down the linear dependence amongst the manifold vectors. In this work, further investigation on the use of planar substrates to resolve ambiguity is presented from the differential geometry perspective, where the analysis will assess the array geometry to find the sensors that cause the presence of ambiguity and examine how the method can completely eliminate "all" manifoldly ambiguous sets with respect to the given AGS. A general procedure will be provided, where the description on the total number of required planar substrates together with their allocated positions shall be given.
Benchtop chemistry for the rapid prototyping of label-free biosensors: Transmission localized surface plasmon resonance platforms

Herein, a simple label-free biosensor fabrication method is demonstrated based on transmission localized surface plasmon resonance (T-LSPR). The platform, which consists of a silver nanoparticle array, can be prepared in just a few minutes using benchtop chemistry. The array was made by a templating technique in conjunction with the photoreduction of Ag ions from solution. This metal surface was functionalized with biotin-linked thiol ligands for binding streptavidin molecules from solution. For an array of 19 nm diameter silver nanoparticles, a redshift in the T-LSPR spectrum of 24 nm was observed upon protein-ligand binding at saturation. The binding constant was found to be 2 × 1012 M−1. Platforms were also fabricated with silver nanoparticles of 34, 55, and 72 nm diameters. The maximum LSPR wavelength shift was nanoparticle size dependent and the maximum sensitivity was obtained with the smaller nanoparticles.
Blood is thicker than water: Genetic testing as citizenship through familial obligation and the management of risk

Genetic testing for late onset disease constitutes one aspect of a shift in the organization of public health according to a logic of risk that is based on the surveillance and regulation of normal populations. Using governmentality as a theoretical framework, this paper situates genetic testing as a neoliberal technique of governance that operates by invoking the power of individuals to make informed decisions about their health. Interview data are presented to illustrate how individuals are recruited, and construct themselves, simultaneously as self-regulating agents of health, and as 'carriers' of health risk information. Interviews with study participants who accepted or deferred genetic testing for skin cancer (melanoma) risk revealed that participants felt a responsibility not only to acquire genetic risk information and to manage their genetic risk by modifying their skin surveillance strategies, but also to communicate this information to family members so that they too could refine their risk management strategies to prevent melanoma. It is argued that by fulfilling these duties--to know genetic risk, to manage genetic risk and to carry information about genetic risk--individuals construct themselves as healthy and responsible citizens who collect and deploy genetic risk information in order to protect themselves and their families from disease onset. This paper concludes by considering how 'the carrier' and 'the family' are constituted as objects of, and vehicles for, knowledge concerning genetic risk within neoliberal programmes of governance.
Load-balanced migration of social media to content clouds

Social networked applications have been more and more popular, and have brought great challenges to the network engineering, particularly the huge demands of bandwidth and storage for social media. The recently emerged content clouds shed light on this dilemma. Towards the migration to clouds, partitioning the social contents has drawn significant interests from the literature. Yet the existing works focus on preserving the social relationship only, while an important factor, user access pattern, is largely overlooked. In this paper, by examining a large collection of YouTube video data, we first demonstrate that partitioning the network entirely based on social relationship would lead to unbalanced partitions in terms of access. We further analyze the role of social relationship in the social media applications, and conclude that user access pattern should be taken into account and social relationship should be dynamically preserved. We formulate the problem as a constrained k-medoids clustering problem, and propose a novel Weighted Partitioning Around Medoids (wPAM) solution. We present a dissimilarity/similarity metric to facilitate the preservation of the social relationship. We compare our solution with other state-of-the-art algorithms, and the preliminary results show that it significantly decreases the access deviation in each cloud server, and flexibly preserves the social relationship.
Time- and NADPH-Dependent Inhibition of P450 3A4 by the Cyclopentapeptide Cilengitide: Significance of the Guanidine Group and Accompanying Spectral Changes

Cilengitide is a stable cyclic pentapeptide containing an Arg-Gly-Asp motif responsible for selective binding to α v β 3 and α v β 5 integrins. The candidate drug showed unexpected inhibition of cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A4 at high concentrations, i.e. a 15 mM concentration caused attenuation of P450 3A4 activity (depending on the probe substrate): 15-19% direct inhibition, 10-23% time-dependent inhibition (30 min pre-incubation), and 54-60% metabolism-dependent inhibition (30 min pre-incubation). The inactivation efficiency determined with human liver microsomes was 0.003±0.001 min -1 mM -1 and was 0.04±0.01 min -1 mM -1 with baculovirus-based microsomes containing recombinant P450 3A4. Neither heme loss nor covalent binding to apoprotein could explain the observed reductions in residual activity. Slowly forming Type II difference spectra were observed, with maximum spectral changes after 2 h. Binding to both reduced and oxidized P450 3A4 was observed, with apparent K d values of 0.66 The significance of the guanidine group in inhibition was demonstrated using ligand binding spectral changes and inactivation assays with guanidine analogues N -acetylarginine- O -methyl ester) and the acetylated ornithine derivative of cilengitide. The observed inhibition could be explained by direct inhibition, plus by formation of stable complexes with both ferric and ferrous forms of heme iron and to some extent by the formation of reactive species capable to react to the protein or heme. Formation of complex required time and NADPH and is attributed to the guanidino group. Thus, the NADPH-dependent inhibition is considered to be mainly due to the formation of a stable complex rather than the formation of reactive species. with ornithine) caused Type II spectral changes that resemble cilengitide binding to P450 3A4 (A). Similar spectral changes were observed for binding of acetylated derivative to P450 3A4 (B). Residual activity was measured in testosterone and nifedipine
Re-synthesis for cost-efficient circuit-level timing speculation

As the transistor feature size is continuously scaled down, integrated circuits are more vulnerable to process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations, causing infrequent timing errors. Various techniques have been proposed to tackle this problem and circuit-level timing speculation is one of the most promising solutions. However, directly applying such technique can be quite costly in terms of area overhead and energy consumption. In this paper, we propose cost-efficient re-synthesis solutions to tackle this problem. We try to reduce the number of suspicious flip-flops (FFs) that might have timing errors by retiming techniques, which relocate some suspicious FFs without increasing critical path delay. An efficient and effective algorithm is then utilized to pad those short paths linking the remaining suspicious FFs to ensure the functional correctness of timing speculators. Experimental results show that the proposed solution can achieve significant area reduction for timing speculation.
Series Expansions for the Evolution of Mechanical Control Systems

This paper presents a series expansion that describes the evolution of a mechanical system starting at rest and subject to a time-varying external force. Mechanical systems are presented as second-order systems on a configuration manifold via the notion of affine connections. The series expansion is derived by exploiting the homogeneity property of mechanical systems and the variations of constant formula. A convergence analysis is obtained using some analytic functions and combinatorial analysis results. This expansion provides a rigorous means of analyzing locomotion gaits in robotics and lays the foundation for the design of motion control algorithms for a large class of underactuated mechanical systems.
Dispositional resilience as a moderator of the relationship between chronic stress and irregular menstrual cycle

Abstract Purpose: Menstrual-cycle irregularity may have an important influence on the subsequent development of chronic diseases. Several risk factors for irregular menstrual cycles have been detected, including stress. Our aim was to extend research on the link between chronic stress and menstrual-cycle irregularity and to assess potential protective factors, such as dispositional resilience, which we hypothesize to be associated with the maintenance or promotion of a healthy menstrual cycle. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, data on 696 healthy women aged 20–40 years were obtained. The women completed measures of chronic stress, dispositional resilience and menstrual-cycle irregularity. Furthermore, potential confounds were assessed. Results: Of the participants, 383 (55%) reported no current use of hormonal contraceptives; 313 (45%) reported current use hormonal contraception and were included as a control group. The results suggest that in women not using hormonal contraception, chronic stress (OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.02–1.08, p = 0.001) and dispositional resilience (OR = 0.43, 95%CI = 0.31–0.59, p < 0.001) have a main effect on menstrual cycle regularity. In addition, women with greater dispositional resilience have reduced risk for irregular menstrual cycles in the face of low to moderate chronic stress; however, this association is changed at the highest level of chronic stress. Conclusions: These findings suggest that dispositional resilience may be a protective psychological trait that modulates reproductive functioning.
Melatonin Supplementation in Patients with Complete Tetraplegia and Poor Sleep

People with complete tetraplegia have interrupted melatonin production and commonly report poor sleep. Whether the two are related is unclear. This pilot study investigated whether nightly supplementation of 3 mg melatonin would improve objective and subjective sleep in tetraplegia. Five participants with motor and sensory complete tetraplegia ingested 3 mg melatonin (capsule) two hours prior to usual sleep time for two weeks. Full portable sleep studies were conducted in participants' homes on the night before commencing melatonin supplementation (baseline) and on the last night of the supplementation period. Endogenous melatonin levels were determined by assaying saliva samples collected the night of (just prior to sleep) and morning after (upon awakening) each sleep study. Prior to each sleep study measures of state sleepiness and sleep behaviour were collected. The results showed that 3 mg of melatonin increased salivary melatonin from near zero levels at baseline in all but one participant. A delay in time to Rapid Eye Movement sleep, and an increase in stage 2 sleep were observed along with improved subjective sleep experience with a reduction in time to fall asleep, improved quality of sleep and fewer awakenings during the night reported. Daytime sleepiness increased however. A randomised, placebo controlled trial with a larger sample is required to further explore and confirm these findings.
Extraction of Attribute Concepts from Japanese Adjectives

We describe various syntactic and semantic conditions for finding abstractnouns which refer to concepts of adjectives from a text, in an attempt to explore the creation of a thesaurus from text. Depending on usages, six kinds of syntactic patterns are shown. In the syntactic and semantic conditions an omission of an abstract noun is mainly used, but in addition, various linguistic clues are needed. We then compare our results with synsets of Japanese WordNet. From a viewpoint of Japanese WordNet, the degree of agreement of ? Attribute? between our data and Japanese WordNet was 22%. On the other hand, the total number of differences of obtained abstract nouns was 267. From a viewpoint of our data,the degree of agreement of abstract nouns between our data and Japanese WordNet was 54%.
Interactive update of global illumination using a line-space hierarchy

In this paper we describe a unified data-structure, the 3D Visibility Complex which encodes the visibility information of a 3D scene of polygons and smooth convex objects. This datastructure is a partition of the maximal free segments and is based on the characterization of the topological changes of visibility along critical line sets. We show that the size k of the complex is (n) and O(n4) and we give an output sensitive algorithm to build it in time O((n3 + k) log n). This theoretical work has already been used to define a practical data-structure, the Visibility Skeleton described in a companion paper. Interactively manipulating the geometry of complex, globally illuminated scenes has to date proven an elusive goal. Previous attempts have failed to provide interactive updates of global illumination and have not been able to offer well-adapted algorithms controlling the frame rate. The need for such interactive updates of global illumination is becoming increasingly important as the field of application of radiosity algorithms widens. To address this need, we present a novel algorithm which provides interactive update rates of global illumination for complex scenes with moving objects. In the contact of clustering for hierarchical radiosity, we introduce the idea of an implicit line-space hierarchy. This hierarchy is realized by augmenting the links between hierarchical elements (clusters or surfaces) with shafts, representing the set of lines passing through the two linked elements. We show how line-space traversal allows rapid identification of modified links, and simultaneous cleanup of subdivision no longer required after a geometry move, by identifying the modified paths in the scene hierarchy. The implementation of our new algorithm allows interactive updates of illumination after object motion for scenes containing several thousand polygons, including global illumination effects. Finally, the line-space hierarchy traversal provides a natural control mechanism allowing the regulation of the tradeoff between image quality and frame rate.