Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Subluminous Type Ia Supernova 1998de in NGC 252

We present spectroscopic and extensive photometric observations of supernova (SN) 1998de in the S0 galaxy NGC 252, discovered during the course of the Lick Observatory Supernova Search. These data, which span a time period of 8 days before to 76 days after B‐band maximum, unambiguously establish SN 1998de as a peculiar and subluminous Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) with strong similarities to SN 1991bg, the prototype of these intrinsically dim SNe Ia. We find that SN 1998de, which has Δm15(B) = 1.95 ± 0.09 mag, rises and declines much faster than normal SNe Ia and does not exhibit the usual plateau in the R band. In the I band it shows a short plateau phase or possibly a secondary maximum, soon after the first maximum. We find that subluminous SNe Ia with the same value of Δm15(B) can have slightly different light curves at longer wavelengths. The notable spectroscopic similarities between SN 1998de and SN 1991bg are the wide Ti ii trough at 4100–4500 Å, the strong Ca ii features, and the early onset of the nebular phase. We observe that spectroscopic deviations of SN 1998de from SN 1991bg increase toward redder wavelengths. These deviations include the absence of the conspicuous Na i D absorption found in SN 1991bg at 5700 Å and the evolution of a region (6800–7600 Å) from featureless to feature‐rich. Several lines of evidence suggest that SN 1998de was a slightly more powerful explosion than SN 1991bg. We discuss the implications of our observations for progenitor models and the explosion mechanism of peculiar, subluminous SNe Ia. The extensive photometric data make SN 1998de a better template than SN 1991bg for calibrating the low‐luminosity end of the luminosity versus decline rate relationship.
Towards Per-user Flexible Management in 5G

Flexible management is one of the key components of next-generation 5G networks. Currently, many approaches focus on network functionality (services) and translate it afterward into end-user requirements, which slightly constrains the flexibility for both management and end users. Furthermore, moving the intelligence of the network towards the edge (i.e. the users) has already proven its benefits, such as computational offloading, lower latency and higher bandwidth utilization. In this article, we try to move management as close as possible to final users, providing per-user flexibility and unique user to service paths, enabling custom paths adapted for each user requirements instead of users adapting to service requirements. To validate our ideas, we work on two different use cases, implemented as proof-of-concepts in the ONOS platform. From the results obtained we conclude that there is still work to be done regarding the integration of SDN in the radio access and evolved packet core functions to provide the desired flexibility.
Can cognitive biases explain venture team homophily

Although venture teams whose founders are dissimilar (heterophilious) tend to outperform teams whose founders are similar (homophilious), most new venture teams are characterized by homophily. I try to explain this puzzle with a learning model in which founders are prone to two cognitive biases: overoptimism and self-serving attributions. Founders choose cofounders with similar beliefs as themselves because they expect this to promote the most effective allocation of effort to the venture. Self-serving bias reinforces and perpetuates these beliefs. In principle, informed outsiders (e.g., practitioners or hands on investors) can improve venture team composition compared with private choices by founders. Copyright © 2009 Strategic Management Society.
Identifying frequent items in sliding windows over on-line packet streams

Internet traffic patterns are believed to obey the power law, implying that most of the bandwidth is consumed by a small set of heavy users. Hence, queries that return a list of frequently occurring items are important in the analysis of real-time Internet packet streams. While several results exist for computing frequent item queries using limited memory in the infinite stream model, in this paper we consider the limited-memory sliding window model. This model maintains the last $N$ items that have arrived at any given time and forbids the storage of the entire window in memory. We present a deterministic algorithm for identifying frequent items in sliding windows defined over real-time packet streams. The algorithm uses limited memory, requires constant processing time per packet (amortized), makes only one pass over the data, and is shown to work well when tested on TCP traffic logs.
Night-time blood pressure: dipping into the future?

In this issue of the journal, Ohkubo et al. [1] extend their previous preliminary findings [2] in 1542 inhabitants of Ohasama, Japan by increasing mean follow-up from 4.1 years to 9.2 years. The Japanese researchers [1] noticed a linear and inverse relationship between cardiovascular mortality and the nocturnal decline in blood pressure, which was independent of the overall blood pressure load during 24 h and other cardiovascular risk factors. Overall, each 5% increment in the systolic or diastolic night-to-day ratio was associated with a 20% rise in the risk of cardiovascular death, even when 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was within the normotensive range (, 135/80 mmHg) [1]. In keeping with many other investigators, a categorical analysis was used in which a ‘non-dipper’ was arbitrarily defined as an individual with a nocturnal decline in systolic or diastolic blood pressure of less than 10%. Compared with the reference group of normotensive dippers, hypertensive non-dippers experienced a more than five-fold increase in the relative hazard rate of cardiovascular mortality while, in normotensive non-dippers and hypertensive dippers, the relative risk rose twoto three-fold [1].
Exploring the ability of a drawing by proxy intervention to improve quality of life for hospitalized children

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to explore the ability of a one-time drawing by proxy intervention to improve perception of quality of life for hospitalized children. Methods: The quantitative/qualitative study used a one-group pre-test/post-test design with 50 hospitalized children (ages 6–19 years), who participated in a 45–60 minute intervention based on The Moon Balloon book. The PedsQL™ Present Functioning VAS, a Parent Survey, and participatory observation were used to measure results. Results: Findings revealed a statistically significant improvement in perceptions of the child's momentary quality of life. Most parents reported learning something about their child that they had not known before. Children used imagery to express feelings about when images speak the unspoken, of beauty, of stress, and of transformation. Conclusions: Drawing by proxy improved children's perceptions of their present quality of life, and provided an effective method for expressing their thoughts and feelings. Studies are needed to determine the intervention's effectiveness in other settings and the characteristics individuals require for facilitating effective drawing by proxy interventions.
Can Footwear Affect Achilles Tendon Loading?

Objective: To investigate the effects of footwear on Achilles tendon tension by directly measuring Achilles tendon tension and dorsiflexion range of motion. Design: A total of 48 matched pair tests were performed comparing the effects of shoe type (high-top vs low-top) for each shoelace configuration (tied vs untied). These were performed using the Achilles tendons of 4 human cadaver lower extremities that were instrumented with a customized load cell designed to measure tension. The lower extremity was inverted in a custom testing apparatus designed to inertially invoke dorsiflexion of the foot, putting the Achilles tendon in tension. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients: Left and right lower extremities of 2 human cadavers. Interventions: None. Independent variables were shoe type and shoelace configuration. Main Outcome Measures: Achilles tendon tension and dorsiflexion range of motion. Results: High-top shoes significantly reduced peak Achilles tendon tension by an average of 9.9% when compared with low-top shoes. Tied laces significantly reduced peak tension for low-top (3.7%) and high-top (12.8%) shoes when compared with untied laces. With tied laces, high-top shoes significantly reduced peak dorsiflexion angle by an average of 7.2% when compared with low-top shoes. Tied laces with high-top shoes significantly reduced peak dorsiflexion angle by an average of 4.7% when compared with untied laces. A P value of 0.05 was determined to be significant. Conclusions: This study offers valuable insight that footwear can affect Achilles tendon loading during dorsiflexion.
Effect of salinity on chickpea seed germination pre-treated with salicylic acid.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is known to be highly susceptible towards soil or water salinity, whose are the primary abiotic factors that limit growth and crop of this plant in Algeria. Therefore, more efforts are needed to improve its tolerance to salinity. Salicylic acid (SA) is a key endogenous signal that mediates defense gene expression and disease resistance in many dicotyledonous species. The objective of this study was to determine the role of salicylic acid on reducing the stress sensitivity to salinity during germination of chickpea. Our observations indicate that, although SA had a positively effects exerted on salinity tolerance in seed germination in comparison with untreated seeds. It is important to notice that pre-treated seeds with salicylic acid prevent a decrease in kinetics of germination, estimated respectively to 80% in ILC3279 and 76% in AKIM91, Also, a speed of radicle emergence were noted, under salt stress into both varieties. Also it provides a significant decrease in proline contents and a few variations in soluble sugar, the most important accumulation of proteins were noted with 0,5mM SA in AKIM91 (10.25%) and ILC3279 (8.75%). The results of polyphenol indicated an accumulation in the pretreated seeds with 0.05 mM (1.84mg/gMS in AKIM91 and 0.45 in ILC3279). A relationship between this compounds and salt tolerance was observed in both varieties, under the effect of Salicylic acid concentrations during the germination period.
Ascospore Formation in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

SUMMARY Sporulation of the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a response to nutrient depletion that allows a single diploid cell to give rise to four stress-resistant haploid spores. The formation of these spores requires a coordinated reorganization of cellular architecture. The construction of the spores can be broadly divided into two phases. The first is the generation of new membrane compartments within the cell cytoplasm that ultimately give rise to the spore plasma membranes. Proper assembly and growth of these membranes require modification of aspects of the constitutive secretory pathway and cytoskeleton by sporulation-specific functions. In the second phase, each immature spore becomes surrounded by a multilaminar spore wall that provides resistance to environmental stresses. This review focuses on our current understanding of the cellular rearrangements and the genes required in each of these phases to give rise to a wild-type spore.
Oocyte Activate Transplantation of germ cell nucleus into oocyte Enucleate Introduce germ cell nucleus Observe development of germ cell embryos

Development of the mammalian germ line is accompanied by a series of characteristic genomic modifications. These modifications include extensive demethylation of the genome, erasure of allele-specific methylation of imprinted loci, and re-activation of the silent X chromosome (Monk and McLaren, 1981; Monk et al., 1987; Kafri et al., 1992; Brandeis et al., 1993). The erasure of allele-specific methylation results in the imprinted genes having the potential for biallelic expression or repression (Szabo and Mann, 1995; Shemer, 1997; Tada et al., 1998). Later during gametogenesis, germ line-specific epigenetic modifications are re-introduced, which are inherited after fertilisation by developing embryos and they survive into adulthood (Barlow, 1997; Mertineit, 1998; Reik and Walter, 1998). The differential DNA methylation of parental alleles is responsible for the monoallelic expression of imprinted genes (Li et al., 1993), although other forms of epigenetic modifications are not excluded from playing a significant role. Functional differences between parental genomes during mouse development occur because of the differential expression of imprinted genes (Solter, 1988; Surani, 1986, 1998). However, with the erasure of gametic imprints in primordial germ cells by about day 12.5-13.5 of development, the homologous chromosomes attain an equivalent epigenetic status for probably the only time in mammalian development. The reasons for the extensive genomic modifications in the germ line may be to prevent inheritance of aberrant epigenetic modifications by subsequent generations, as well as to restore totipotency. Previous studies have shown that embryonic germ (EG) cells have a similar epigenotype to that of PGCs from which they are derived (Matsui et al., 1992, Resnick et al., 1992; Stewart et al., 1994; Tada et al., 1998). EG cells can contribute to most if not all the somatic tissues, as well as the germ line, and to this extent they are totipotent (Labosky et al., 1994; Stewart et al., 1994; Tada et al., 1998). Both male and female day 11.5-12.5 EG cells undergo comparable epigenetic changes (Tada et al., 1998). What is 1823 Development 126, 1823-1832 (1999) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1999 DEV2404
Nonmetric Multidimensional Item Analysis in the Construction of an Anxiety Attitude Survey

The present study addresses some of the problems of traditional item analysis during the construction of attitude instruments by using a convergent analysis of three metric and nonmetric multivariate techniques for item analysis. Employing data from a recent administration of a science anxiety questionnaire, the use of maximum likelihood factor analysis followed by oblique rotations, multidimensional scaling, and hierarchical cluster analysis is shown. A high reliable instrument with equally reliable subscales is developed in the process. The reliability of the instrument and its subscales lie between . 88 and . 92.
Agile techniques to avoid firefighting at a start-up

This paper documents the creation and evolution of the (modified) agile methodology implemented at Sabrix, Inc., a start-up enterprise-class software company. The company was delivering alpha quality software to early adopter customers on a weekly basis, using urgency as the primary driver for product development. New features and bug fixes were completed in a manner similar to a soccer game between two teams of five-year-olds, with everyone on the team chasing down the latest emergency. This paper discusses the agile software development discipline that enabled Sabrix to evolve from that chaotic environment to the point where the company was balancing both urgency and importance to drive product direction. This discipline enabled the company to actually deliver a "Release", and move forward into a new product architecture.
MOSTER: A Novel Truth Discovery Method for Multiple Conflicting Information

With the rapid development of database and web technology, the way data organized and presented is becoming increasingly complicated while data sources are also intermingled with inaccurate information. Therefore, studies in truth discovery becomes overwhelmingly significant for it is critical for netizens to identify sources of high quality as well as to select the most accurate information from vast amount of data available. However, previous works mainly focus on a single property rather than all properties, and ignore the different characteristics of them, thus leading to unexpected deviations. In this paper, we propose a Multi-prOperty-cluSTERing-based method, abbreviated MOSTER, in order to search for the most reliable source and identify the truth. Compared with conventional methods, experiments using our three-step iterative approach can achieve a high accuracy both on weather data and people profile data, indicating a great advancement in truth discovery studies.
Differential Tomography: Evolutions of SAR Interferometry for Analyzing Complex Non-stationary Scenarios

1 — Much interest is growing in advanced interferometric SAR methods for full 3D imaging. Multibaseline SAR tomographic elevation beam forming, i.e. spatial spectral estimation, is a promising technique in this framework. Recently, this concept has been integrated with the differential interferometry concept, producing the advanced differential tomography processing mode which produces ‘space-time’ signatures of scattering dynamics in the SAR cell. In this paper, the use of this new framework is investigated in critical scenarios of multiple scattering with temporal signal variations, both from scatterer deformation motions and scatterer temporal decorrelation. The first scenario is related to deformation velocity estimation in layover urban areas. Differential tomography algorithms are experimented to extend classical differential interferometry operation, using real ERS-1/2 data and continuing the first tests. The second scenario is related to elevation focusing of temporal decorrelating volume forest scatterers. After analysing blurring effects of conventional tomography and performance bounding in this condition, differential tomography based algorithms for 3-D imaging robust to temporal decorrelation are presented. Simulated performance analysis and first real E-SAR data results are reported.
Give me a hand — How users ask a robotic arm for help with gestures

A task that requires two hands to perform such as soldering usually needs additional tools for holding (e.g. a cable) or adding (e.g. solder) an object to a specific position. A robotic manipulator or robotic arm is one of the solution for this requirement. When gesture is selected as a method for controlling a robot, characteristics of gestures are needed for designing and developing a gesture recognition system. With this requirement, we conducted an experiment to obtain a set of user-defined gestures in the soldering task to find out properties and patterns of a gesture for future development of our research. 152 gestures were collected from 19 participants by presenting the “effect” of the gesture (robotic arm movement), and then asking the participants to perform its “cause” (a user-defined gesture). The analyzed data shows that hands are the most used body parts even they are occupied by the task, that one-hand and two-hands gestures were used interchangeably by the participants, that the majority of the participants performed reversible gestures for reversible movements, and that the participants were expecting for better recognition performance on an easier to plan gesture. Our finding can be useful as a guideline for creating gesture set and system for controlling robotic arms based on natural behavior of users.
Localized Centering: Reducing Hubness in Large-Sample Data

Hubness has been recently identified as a problematic phenomenon occurring in high-dimensional space. In this paper, we address a different type of hubness that occurs when the number of samples is large. We investigate the difference between the hubness in high-dimensional data and the one in large-sample data. One finding is that centering, which is known to reduce the former, does not work for the latter. We then propose a new hub-reduction method, called localized centering. It is an extension of centering, yet works effectively for both types of hubness. Using real-world datasets consisting of a large number of documents, we demonstrate that the proposed method improves the accuracy of k-nearest neighbor classification.
Individual and Social Aspects of Learning

Social learning is in the air. Daily observations and experiences as well as recent scholarly traditions suggest that a certain amount of learning takes place beyond the confines of the individual mind. Learning appears to involve social aspects. Scenarios ranging from a group of children collaboratively trying to solve the question of how to construct a kite to a university professor writing a research paper with a colleague advance the case for a social side to learning. But impressions do not make social learning an obvious category. Are there any theoretical and empirical grounds to justify social learning as a distinctive phenomenon? Is there anything qualitatively different in this kind of learning to distinguish it from the familiar individual conception of learning? Can one make the case that social learning is more than an epiphenomenon or individual learning multiplied, that the social aspects of learning are anything more than the kind of secondary help a learner might get from audiovisual displays, bookmarks, and road signs? If we can raise the question of whether social learning is a valid and viable phenomenon, the opposite question might equally well be raised: Is it not possible that solo learning is simply a figment of the traditional laboratory-based psychology, on the one hand, and of a socially shared respect for the individual qua individual, on the other? The idea of social learning is not really new, having been an important part of early developments of the science of psychology ("folkspsychology," as formulated, for example, by Munsterberg [1914, cited in Cole & Engestrom, 1993]). This branch of psychology fell into neglect because of its Gestalt-like nature and thus its alleged lack of rigor, its central phenomena left to anthropology and sociology to handle. It was distinguished from the more rigorous laboratory-based, experimentally oriented, and far more prestigious psychology of Ebbinghouse. Social learning has thus continued to be largely ignored by psychologists over the years, relegated at best to the study of background context, not really on a par with the learning of the individual (Gardner, 1985). This relative neglect now appears to have been corrected. With the growing interest in Vygotsky's theory, retrospective examinations of the role of social inter-